"Moon landing"
have landed on the Moon. This was accomplished with two US pilot-astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41-month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11, and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17. Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface. All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module. The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility. In order to go to the Moon,

the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the Moon in 1959, the Soviet Union performed the first hard (unpowered) Moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft, a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4. Since then, twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface, between 1966 and 1976. In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first

"Apollo 17"
investigate the possibility of relatively new volcanic activity in the same area. Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after a 12-day mission. Apollo 17 is the most recent manned Moon landing and the most recent time humans travelled beyond low Earth orbit. It was also the first mission to have no one on board who had been a test pilot; X-15 test pilot Joe Engle lost the lunar module pilot assignment to Schmitt, a geologist. The mission broke several records: the longest moon landing, longest total extravehicular activities (moonwalks), largest lunar sample, and longest time in

to solar radiation. Using LROC images, five of the six American flags are still standing and casting shadows at all of the sites, except Apollo 11. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported that the flag was blown over by the exhaust from the ascent engine during liftoff of Apollo 11. Launched on 24 January 1990, 11:46 UTC. At the end of its mission, the Japanese lunar orbiter Hiten was commanded to crash into the lunar surface and did so on 10 April 1993 at 18:03:25.7 UT (11 April 03:03:25.7 JST). Lunar Prospector was launched on 7 January 1998. The mission ended on

launch, and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later. The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012. The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012. LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013. The mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon, which, later, was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater. On 14 December 2013 at 13:12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft-landed a rover on the Moon. This was the first lunar soft

"Edgar Mitchell"
Edgar Mitchell Edgar Dean ""Ed"" Mitchell (September 17, 1930 – February 4, 2016) was a United States Navy officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, ufologist and NASA astronaut. As the Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 14, he spent nine hours working on the lunar surface in the Fra Mauro Highlands region, making him the sixth person to walk on the Moon. Mitchell was born on September 17, 1930, in Hereford, Texas. He came from a ranching family that moved to New Mexico during the Depression and considered Artesia, New Mexico (near Roswell) as his hometown. He first learned to

"Luna 17"
onto the lunar surface at 06:28 UT. During its 322 Earth days of operation, the rover traveled and returned more than 20,000 TV images and 206 high-resolution panoramas. In addition, ""Lunokhod 1"" performed twenty-five soil analyses with its RIFMA X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations. Controllers finished the last communications session with ""Lunokhod 1"" at 13:05 UT on 14 September 1971. Attempts to reestablish contact were finally discontinued on 4 October. In March 2010, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter photographed the landing site of ""Luna 17"", showing the lander and tracks of the rover. In April

several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including: Luna 15, Luna 18, and Luna 23 all crashed on landing; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing. More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around , often at precise, planned locations. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations (""masscons"") to maintain their orbit. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. The European

to impact on the lunar surface near the crater Gill at 18:25 UTC on 10 June 2009. The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1, launched 24 October 2007, 10:05 UTC, executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009, 20:44 GMT, after a 16-month mission. Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008, 00:52 UTC. The impactor, the Moon Impact Probe, impacted near Shackleton Crater at the south pole of the lunar surface at 14 November 2008, 20:31 IST. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled for launch in 2019. The LCROSS data collecting shepherding spacecraft was launched together with the

Apollo 12 lunar landings and rock returns had already taken place by then. In total, twenty-four U.S. astronauts have traveled to the Moon. Three have made the trip twice, and twelve have walked on its surface. Apollo 8 was a lunar-orbit-only mission, Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI), followed by LM staging to CSM redocking, while Apollo 13, originally scheduled as a landing, ended up as a lunar fly-by, by means of free return trajectory; thus, none of these missions made landings. Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were Earth-orbit-only missions. Apart from the inherent dangers of manned

"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"
He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"" is a ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been recorded by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film ""Zoolander"". Scott and Russell had been introduced to each other by Johnny Mercer, at a California nightclub. Although Russell was dying of lymphoma and the pair met in

Dave McCabe, Paul Heaton, Hollie Cook, Jon McClure, John Power, Gerry Marsden, and two original members of The Hollies, Bobby Elliott and Tony Hicks. Another version by an unknown vocalist was used in the early 1990s by the New Zealand Police in a televised public service announcement. He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"" is a ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been recorded by

on the Hot 100 on 7 November 1970 (UNI Records, 55264, length 4:09). The flip side was ""Free Life"". The song appears on the Neil Diamond album ""Tap Root Manuscript"", which was released November 1970. The song was played by KGB-AM radio, San Diego, California, in late 1970, prior to the then-new Walk for Mankind, in dedication to those who would be walking for donations that day. Bill Medley recorded a version for the soundtrack of the film ""Rambo III"". It was released as a single in the UK and peaked at #25, being in the chart the same time

album, went to No. 20 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in late 1970. The Osmonds covered the song on their 1970 album, ""Osmonds"", as well as on the B-side of their chart-topper ""One Bad Apple"". The song is a staple at their concerts. Olivia Newton-John included the song on her 1975 album ""Clearly Love"", and it was released as the B-side of the single ""Let It Shine"" in January 1976. The single went to number one on the US Easy Listening (adult contemporary) chart and number thirty on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The Neil Diamond version entered at #68

United. It was then decided that a re-recording of this song by various artists including The Justice Tonight Band would be released as the charity single. Keith Mullen of The Farm recruited Guy Chambers to produce the single and with Chambers offering free use of his Sleeper Studios to record the song. On 25 October 2012, Steve Rotheram, Guy Chambers and Kenny Dalglish announced plans of the single to be recorded by various artists such as Robbie Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, Paloma Faith, Beverley Knight, Melanie Chisholm, Holly Johnson, Mick Jones, Glen Campbell, Peter Hooton, Chris Sharrock, Glenn Tilbrook, Ren Harvieu,

Town children's home by founder Father Edward Flanagan. The Hollies' recording, which featured Elton John on piano, was released in the UK on 1 September 1969 and on 1 December 1969 in the US. It reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 7 in the US. The song, paired with rarity ""Carrie"", was re-released in late 1988 in the UK following its use in a television advertisement for Miller Lite beer. It reached the No. 1 spot in the UK chart for two weeks in September 1988. Neil Diamond's version of the song, recorded for his ""Tap Root Manuscript""

"Bob Russell (songwriter)"
Likely, Blue Gardenia"" and ""Matter of Who"" (1961), Russell's compositions included the title songs. He had his last hit song in 1969-70 with ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"", co-written with Bobby Scott and recorded by The Hollies. The song was introduced to the group by Russell's son-in-law Jefferey Spearitt, who was living in London at the time with his wife Simohn. Among Russell's collaborators were Lou Alter, Peter De Rose, Duke Ellington, Bronislaw Kaper, Lester Lee, Carl Sigman, Harold Spina, and Harry Warren. In 1970 he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2004, he was posthumously

as the Hollies' version in 1988. In 2012, a version of the song was recorded, and was released on 17 December 2012, by musicians and celebrities going under the name The Justice Collective, for various charities associated with the Hillsborough disaster. The song went on to take the coveted Christmas number one position for 2012 on the UK Singles Chart, beating ""The X Factor"" winner James Arthur, who was number one the previous week. After the News International phone hacking scandal, members of The Farm along with Pete Wylie and Mick Jones of The Clash performed at an anti-""The Sun""

person only three times, they managed to collaborate on the song. In 1884, James Wells, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scotland, in his book ""The Parables of Jesus"" tells the story of a little girl carrying a big baby boy. Seeing her struggling, someone asked if she wasn't tired. With surprise she replied: ""No, he's not heavy; he's my brother."" In a 1918 publication by Ralph Waldo Trine titled ""The Higher Powers of Mind and Spirit"", he relates the following anecdote: ""Do you know that incident in connection with the little Scottish girl? She was trudging along, carrying

as best she could a boy younger, but it seemed almost as big as she herself, when one remarked to her how heavy he must be for her to carry, when instantly came the reply: 'He's na heavy. He's mi brither.'"" The first editor of ""Kiwanis"" magazine, Roe Fulkerson, published a column in September 1924 carrying the title ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"", the first use of the phrase exactly as it is rendered in the song title. In the 1940s, the words, adapted as ""He ain't heavy, Father, he's my brother"", were taken as a slogan for Boys

"The Bastard Executioner"
Metacritic, the show holds a rating of 55. The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series, created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15, 2015, to November 17, 2015. On November 18, 2015, Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season. Set in early 14th century Wales, Wilkin Brattle, a Welsh knight in the army of King Edward I of England is betrayed by an Englishman who has a lust for power and who leaves him for dead. When he is near death, a child apparition implores Brattle

The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series, created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15, 2015, to November 17, 2015. On November 18, 2015, Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season. Set in early 14th century Wales, Wilkin Brattle, a Welsh knight in the army of King Edward I of England is betrayed by an Englishman who has a lust for power and who leaves him for dead. When he is near death, a child apparition implores Brattle to lay down his sword and follow the

for a 10-episode series for fall launch. On November 18, 2015, FX and Sutter announced that Sutter had cancelled the series. Reviews for ""The Bastard Executioner"" were polarized, with praise being directed toward the action sequences, writing and acting, and criticism toward the pacing, limited development, and excessive violence. It holds a rating of 49% (rotten) on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 53 critics. The website's consensus reads: ""Kurt Sutter's ""The Bastard Executioner"" doesn't want for dark thrills, but it unfortunately has more enthusiasm for brutality and gore than necessary narrative focus."" Out of 37 reviews in

not writing it on period speech just because there's no actual recording of what that vernacular sounded like with intonation and everything."" The series was announced in December 2013. Sutter began writing the scripts once the last episode of ""Sons of Anarchy"" had wrapped up in late 2014. Katey Sagal is ""definitely...involved"" in the series. Paris Barclay, who directed 15 episodes of ""Sons of Anarchy"", directed the pilot and was executive producer. Charles Murray, a writer/co-executive producer of the last two seasons of ""Sons of Anarchy"", was a writer/co-executive producer on the series. Nichole Beattie was another ""Sons of Anarchy""

path of a different man. Later in life, Wilkin lives as a married peasant farmer, awaiting the birth of a child. His new life of peace is shattered by the unbearable taxes assessed on the peasants by none other than ""Baron"" Erik Ventris, the man who had betrayed Wilkin. Pressured by his fellow villagers, Wilkin leads a raid on the Baron's tax collector, which leads Ventris to the revenge killing and burning of all the women and children in Brattle's village. Brattle's raiders seek battle with the Baron ending in the death of Ventris and the massacre of the Baron's

Castle and Fforest Fawr. Filming began on 23, 2015. The show's producers spent 10 months considering locations in Wales with the help of the Welsh Government’s Wales Screen service, which encourages film and television productions to use locations, crews, and facilities throughout Wales. The project was one of the first major productions to move into Pinewood Studios' new facility in Cardiff. The set for the series, in the form of a medieval village with a small castle, was constructed to the west of Cardiff at Dragon International Film Studios in Llanilid. On May 22, 2015,""The Bastard Executioner"" was picked up

alumna on the staff of writers. She has also written extensively for AMC's ""The Walking Dead"" and ""Rubicon"". The series was filmed in Wales, United Kingdom, and featured a mostly British cast. Barclay left for the UK on January 2 to work on casting and location matters. Sutter stayed in the US to finalize the script. He joined Barclay a few days later in the United Kingdom. The draft of the pilot script was sent to the studio executives at FX on the 7th of January. During mid-January Sutter and Barclay visited several possible shooting locations in Wales, including Caerphilly

with Grazer and taking some time to contemplate the idea, Sutter built a whole world around it, and the pitch was taken to FX. Sutter explained the writing process and obstacles for the show on his vlog: ""It's sort of fun of jumping into completely different world, completely different time, completely different vernacular, it's a toughest thing for me right now with the pilot is the story is all broken on my board here but you know trying to find different rhythms of speech and vernacular"". Sutter held his fans hostage who were eagerly waiting for his new project. ""I'm

"The Executioner (TV series)"
The Executioner (TV series) The Executioner (; literally ""Spare From The Blade"") is a 2015 till 2016 Hong Kong historical fiction television drama produced by TVB. It is set during the Chenghua Emperor's reign in Ming Dynasty, China, and centers on a political conspiracy. Filming took place from January to April 2015 on location entirely in Hong Kong. It premiered on 7 December 2015, on Hong Kong's broadcast network TVB Jade and Malaysia's cable television channel, Astro On Demand. It ran for 26 episodes, with the last episode airing on 10 January 2016. ""The Executioner"" received positive reviews during its

troops. Revenge, however, is not complete, as the raiders want all the soldiers who slaughtered their kin to die by the sword. Brattle assumes the identity of a journeyman punisher (executioner), injected into the plot just moments before the Baron's death. Brattle, aka Gawain Maddox, enters Castle Ventris with the intent of identifying the remaining murderers so his fellow raiders can exact revenge. Castle intrigue traps Brattle in his new alias and disdainful profession. Brattle must lead this double life while trying to determine whether this new path is the one the apparition has chosen for him, or if he

"Philadelphia Eagles"
2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants. In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team. In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not

however, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006 to 2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively

"Super Bowl XXXIX"
Seahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a

Redskins during the 2017 season for the first time since the 2013 season. The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. In 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football

starring Danny DeVito makes several references to the Philadelphia Eagles, most notably Season 3, Episode 2 – ""The Gang Gets Invincible,"" the title being a reference to the Wahlberg film. Philadelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960.

and they also drafted DeSean Jackson, a receiving threat when paired with McNabb. On January 11, 2009, the team defeated the defending Super Bowl champion New York Giants 23–11 en route to their sixth NFC Championship Game. In the NFC Championship, the Eagles made a rally, going from 24–6 at halftime to 25–24 with three minutes left in the fourth quarter, but they lost to the Arizona Cardinals by a score of 32–25 after quarterback Kurt Warner scored a last minute touchdown. On August 13, 2009, the Eagles signed quarterback Michael Vick. On December 6, 2009, Andy Reid became only

Redskins in exchange for a second round draft pick. Kevin Kolb was immediately named the starter, but after suffering a concussion in week 1 against the Packers, Vick took over as the starter. Vick led the Eagles to its sixth NFC East division title in ten seasons. With a record of 10–6 the Eagles clinched the third seed. In the wild card round, the Eagles lost 21–16 to eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers. The 2011 season for the Eagles was a major disappointment, as they only managed to finish 8–8 and miss the playoffs. In 2012, the

as the ""Steagles."" (The merger, never intended as a permanent arrangement, was dissolved at the end of the 1943 season.) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle ""Greasy"" Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949. Those two championships mark the Eagles as the only NFL team ever to win back-to-back championships by shutouts, defeating the Chicago Cardinals, 7–0, in 1948—in a blizzard—and the Los Angeles Rams, 14–0, in 1949. After the 1957 season, the Eagles moved from Connie Mack Stadium to Franklin Field

Philadelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960. The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in

in 2004. Since 2014, the Eagles have worn the black jersey twice per season. In 2016, they wore the black jersey three times. To celebrate the team's 75th anniversary, the 2007 uniforms featured a 75th-season logo patch on the left shoulder. In addition, the team wore ""throwback"" jerseys in a 2007 game against the Detroit Lions. The yellow and blue jerseys, the same colors found on Philadelphia's city flag, are based on those worn by the Philadelphia Eagles in the team's inaugural season, and were the same colors used by the former Frankford Yellow Jackets franchise prior to their suspension

"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament"
2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship. Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA Women's

basis for the subregionals returned to the approach used between 1982 and 2002; the top sixteen teams, as chosen in the bracket selection process, hosted the first two rounds on campus. A total of 64 teams entered the 2017 tournament. 32 automatic bids teams were given to teams that won their conference tournament. The remaining 32 teams were granted ""at-large"" bids, which were extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 64. The following teams automatically qualified for the 2017 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's tournament. <nowiki>*</nowiki> –

"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament"
men's team but also an occasional home for the women's team, in downtown Lexington. Five teams made their first-ever tournament appearance: Buffalo, Central Arkansas, Duquesne, Iona, and Jacksonville. Only Duquesne was an at-large entry; the others all won their conference tournaments. Upsets were the theme of the day on the first round of Sweet 16 play. In all four contests, the lower seated team knocked off the higher seeded team. Fourth-seeded Syracuse took out the number one seed in their region, South Carolina. Fourth-seeded Stanford defeated the number one seed in their region, Notre Dame. Seventh-seeded Washington played third-seeded Kentucky

"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game"
game, where they once again fell to Louisville. The Irish were seeded first as an at-large bid in the NCAA Tournament's Spokane Regional. On their run to the title game, Notre Dame defeated (16) Cal State Northridge, (9) Villanova, (4) Texas A&M, and (2) Oregon to get to the Final Four, where they faced and defeated (1) Connecticut in overtime via a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 1.0 seconds left. The Irish reached this point despite a severely depleted roster with only seven scholarship players by the start of the NCAA tournament—four players missed part or all of the

season to torn ACLs. Brianna Turner, an All-American forward in 2016–17, suffered the injury in the 2017 NCAA tournament and missed the entire season. Senior guard Mychael Johnson was lost in a preseason practice, freshman center Mikayla Vaughn after six games, and starting senior point guard Lili Thompson was lost on New Year's Eve. Before the title game, McGraw told media, ""I didn't think we'd have more ACL tears than losses. I think it's just an amazing accomplishment for this team and the resilience they've shown all year."" The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Adam

champions No. 7 South Carolina, and No. 17 Texas A&M. The Bulldogs were seeded first in the SEC tournament, where they defeated (9) Kentucky and (5) Texas A&M en route to the championship game, where they fell to (2) South Carolina, 51–62 for their first loss of the season. The Bulldogs received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, where they were seeded first in the Kansas City regional. In the tournament, Mississippi State defeated (16) Nicholls State, (9) Oklahoma State, (4) NC State, and (3) UCLA en route to the Final Four, where they beat (1) Louisville in overtime,

"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament"
2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the Michigan Wolverines defeated the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, 89–79, in triple overtime. The 2017 Postseason WNIT field consists of 32 automatic invitations

"2016 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship"
team. 1st - Alabama (197.125), 2nd - California (195.925), Boise State (195.750), Kentucky (195.725), West Virginia (194.250) and Bowling Green (193.850). The Minneapolis Regional was held at the University of Minnesota Sports Pavilion. The Minnesota Golden Gophers women's gymnastics team hosted the Florida Gators, Denver Pioneers, Missouri Tigers, BYU Cougars and Ohio State Buckeyes. 1st - Florida (196.725), 2nd - Minnesota (196.175), Missouri (195.85), Denver (195.70), Ohio State (194.775) and Brigham Young (194.075). The Ann Arbor Regional was held at the University of Michigan's Crisler Center. The Michigan Wolverines women's gymnastics team hosted Eastern Michigan, Penn State, New Hampshire, Auburn,

"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game"
season, South Carolina lost twice and Mississippi State three times (once to the Gamecocks). Notched as the top two seeds for the 2017 SEC Tournament, the teams advanced to the championship game, where South Carolina won 59–49. In the Final Four of the tournament, South Carolina defeated Stanford, 62–53. In the other semifinal game, Mississippi State defeated Connecticut with a buzzer beater, winning 66–64, and ending Connecticut's 111-game winning streak. South Carolina led 36–26 at half time and extended this lead further in the beginning of the third quarter. Mississippi State then rallied, and at one point trailed by only

"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game"
FBS football left to form a new Big East Conference; and the remaining members of the original Big East, including UConn, reorganized as the American Athletic Conference. The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship Game was played on April 5, 2016, at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Notable performances were by Breanna Stewart, voted four years in a row the Most Outstanding Player, forward Morgan Tuck and point guard Moriah Jefferson. Tuck scored 19 points, with 5 assists and 7 steals, while Jefferson had 13 points, 5 assists and 3 steals. Syracuse shot only 35.5 percent from the floor,

"Isle of Wight"
represented on the island by the Governor of the Isle of Wight until 1995. The island has played an important part in the defence of the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth, and been near the front-line of conflicts through the ages, including the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain. Rural for most of its history, its Victorian fashionability and the growing affordability of holidays led to significant urban development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historically part of Hampshire, the island became a separate administrative county in 1890. It continued to share the Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire

(meaning ""caterpillar""), ""gurt"" meaning ""large"", ""nammit"" (a mid-morning snack) and ""gallybagger"" (""scarecrow"", and now the name of a local cheese). There remains occasional confusion between the Isle of Wight as a county and its former position within Hampshire. The island was regarded and administered as a part of Hampshire until 1890, when its distinct identity was recognised with the formation of Isle of Wight County Council (see also ""Politics of the Isle of Wight""). However, it remained a part of Hampshire until the local government reforms of 1974 when it became a full ceremonial county with its own Lord Lieutenant.

"History of the Isle of Wight"
status is a perennial source of friction. It was planned to merge the county back into Hampshire as a district in the 1974 local government reform, but a last minute change led to it retaining its county council. However, since there was no provision made in the Local Government Act 1972 for unitary authorities, the Island had to retain a two-tier structure, with a county council and two boroughs, Medina and South Wight. The borough councils were merged with the county council on 1 April 1995, to form a single unitary authority, the Isle of Wight Council. The only significant

the mainland about 125,000 years ago, during the Ipswichian interglacial. Like the rest of the UK, the island has an oceanic climate, but is somewhat milder and sunnier, which makes it a holiday destination. It also has a longer growing season. Lower Ventnor and the neighbouring Undercliff have a particular microclimate, because of their sheltered position south of the downs. The island enjoys 1,800–2,100 hours of sunshine a year. Some years have almost no snow in winter, and only a few days of hard frost. The island is in Hardiness zone 9. The Isle of Wight is one of the

Ships likely were important to the local economy. During the Dark Ages the island was settled by Jutes as the pagan kingdom of Wihtwara under King Arwald. In 685 it was invaded by Caedwalla, who tried to replace the inhabitants with his own followers. In 686 Arwald was defeated and the island became the last part of English lands to be converted to Christianity, added to Wessex and then becoming part of England under King Alfred the Great, included within the shire of Hampshire. It suffered especially from Viking raids, and was often used as a winter base by Viking

the last Ice Age, about 8–9000 years ago, as sea levels rose, and the land of southern Britain sunk due to the post-glacial rebound of the north that had been under the ice. This flooded the former river valley of the Solent to the north, and the future English Channel to the south, and cut Wight off from the island of Britain. Once open to the sea, tidal scouring widened the Solent. The first inhabitants are assumed to have been hunter-gatherers migrating by land during the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) period, as the ice age began to recede and the

21 July 1545. English ships engaged the French navy; two days earlier, the ""Mary Rose"" had sunk, apparently without damage. Sir Richard Worsley, Captain of the Island, commanded the local militia who resisted the attack, after French troops landed on the southern coast intending to use the island as a base against the mainland. However, the local militia defeated the French troops at the Battle of Bonchurch (although one account claims the French were successful at Bonchurch but defeated at Bembridge). In 1587 two Catholic missionaries Anderton and Marsden, originally from Lancashire but trained in France, returned to England in

are retained in the county archaeological centre. From about 685-686 the island can be considered part of Wessex, and after the West Saxon kings ruled all England, then part of England. The Anglo Saxon Chronicle tells how ""Wiht-land"" suffered from Viking raids: """"And then another time they lay in the Isle of Wight, and meanwhile ate out of Hampshire and of Sussex"""". Alfred the Great's navy defeated the Danes in 871 after they had ""ravaged Devon and the Isle of Wight"". Around 900 the kingdom was divided into shires, and the island became part of the shire of Hampshire. During

landowners. This led to the construction of St. Catherine's Oratory as penance for the crime. In 1374, the fleet of the Crown of Castile, led by Fernando Sánchez de Tovar, sacked and burned the island. In 1377 French raiders attacked and burned several towns, including Newtown, and laid siege to Carisbrooke Castle. Peter de Heynoe, Lord of Stenbury, is said to have killed the French commander with a crossbow shot aimed through an arrow slit still visible in the castle's west wall. The island continued to be governed by a Lordship, but this was now a royal appointment (the position

a semi-independent feudal fiefdom, with the de Redvers family ruling from Carisbrooke. The final private owner was the Countess Isabella de Fortibus, who, on her deathbed in 1293, was persuaded to sell it to Edward I. Thereafter the island was under control of the English Crown and its Lordship a royal appointment. The island continued to be attacked from the continent: it was raided in 1374 by the fleet of Castile, and in 1377 by French raiders who burned several towns, including Newtown, and laid siege to Carisbrooke Castle before they were defeated. Under Henry VIII, who developed the Royal

"Love Yourself"
the seventh-best-selling song of 2016 in the US. The music video for the song was released along with the Purpose: The Movement project on November 14, 2015. It features a couple doing an interpretive dance in their house. Bieber promoted the song with performances on TV shows, as well as awards shows throughout 2015–16, while adding it on the set list of his Purpose World Tour. On September 29, 2015, Justin Bieber announced in an interview with Australia's Sunrise morning show that British singer and songwriter Ed Sheeran had written a song for his then-upcoming album. Later, during an interview

Love Yourself ""Love Yourself"" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album ""Purpose"" (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song, ""Love Yourself"" features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is a kiss-off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did

to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is composed in the key of E major with a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute and a time signature of . Bieber's vocals range from the note of B to B. It is an acoustic pop song, featuring just vocals, an electric guitar, and a brief flurry of trumpets, which was considered ""the most subdued and least electronic of Bieber's new tracks."" Lyrically, ""Love Yourself"" is a kiss-off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong, with Bieber singing in a snappy and spiteful

the liner notes of ""Purpose"", Def Jam Recordings. Love Yourself ""Love Yourself"" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album ""Purpose"" (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song, ""Love Yourself"" features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is

Keone and Mari Madrid dancing their way through their house. They are later seen dancing on their phone screens. The video ends when the wife wakes up and finds a note on her husband's pillow saying, ""Love Yourself"". As of November 2018, the music video has received over 1.4 billion views on YouTube. Bieber first performed ""Love Yourself"" on ""The Ellen DeGeneres Show"" during 'Purpose' week release. On November 18, 2015, the song was also performed on ""The Today Show"" along with other tracks from the album. Bieber also added the song to the set list of his show on

for Capital FM, Bieber revealed details about the song, saying: ""It's just me and a guitar. Basically that's how I started, playing on the street with a guitar."" About Sheeran, he said: ""I think he's one of the most talented writers in the game right now, so just to have his input and his stories and our stories and match them up together and say 'What have you been through?,' and telling the same story."" In another interview for the same radio network, he commented about the collaboration, stating: ""It was a process. Just getting us together, you know, in

later it was announced as the album's official third radio single. When talking to Ryan Seacrest, Bieber said ""Love Yourself"" is ""definitely about someone in my past, someone who I don't want to put on blast,"" he described the song as ""cool because so many people can resonate with that because how many women do we bring back that mom doesn't really necessarily like?."" ""Love Yourself"" was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Justin Bieber, with production being done by Benny Blanco, who was also responsible for the song's instrumentation and programming. It features background vocals by Sheeran. According

replaced ""love yourself"" with ""fuck yourself."" British singers Yo Preston and Kelly Kiara teamed up to write a reply to the song, with the version being called ""Love Yourself vs F*ck Yourself."" In their version, Kiara responds to Bieber's lyrics taking about the boy's cheating habits and overwhelming jealousy. Their version charted on the ARIA Charts, reaching the top-twenty, peaking at number 16. The song was also covered by American pop punk band Grayscale for Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7, a compilation album of covers, which was released by Fearless Records on July 14, 2017. Recording Personnel Credits adapted from

following two weeks. On its third week at number one, Bieber's 'Sorry' and ""What Do You Mean?"" were at number two and eight, respectively. With that, Bieber became the first act to dominate the top two positions since Macklemore & Ryan Lewis did in 2013 with ""Same Love"" and ""Thrift Shop"". He also was the first act to have three singles inside the chart's top ten since 2012. The song was the first number-one song of 2016 and has spent seven consecutive weeks at number one, which places Bieber at number 8 on the list for the most accumulated weeks

(11) at number one in the 2010s. Also, it is his longest-running number-one single in Australia. ""Love Yourself"" also topped the charts in Sweden, Ireland, New Zealand, Netherlands and Denmark. The song's music video was released on YouTube on November 14, 2015 along with the other videos from ""Purpose: The Movement"". The video starts with Bieber saying: ""Love isn't 'do this for me and I'm going to do this for you.' That's not what love is. Love is just 'I'm gonna do this for you because I wanna do this for you.'"" Later, the video features husband and wife dancers

"James VI and I"
James VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England

"Edward VI of England"
Edward VI of England Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. During his reign, the realm was governed by a regency council because he never reached his majority. The council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick (1550–1553), from

"James VI and I and the English Parliament"
£200,000. Though the Commons agreed to the annual grant, the negotiations over the lump sum became so protracted and difficult that James eventually lost patience and dismissed the parliament on 31 December 1610. ""Your greatest error,"" he told Salisbury, ""hath been that ye ever expected to draw honey out of gall"". Salisbury, however, made it clear that without parliamentary subsidies, he could do no more to manage the Crown's financial crisis. The subsequent downfall of the Howards left George Villiers, now earl of Buckingham, unchallenged as the supreme figure in the government by 1618. James had been attempting to rule

"Charles I of England"
the second quarter. Charles had nine children, two of whom eventually succeeded as king, and two of whom died at or shortly after birth. Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was the monarch over the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life.

custody, both were released. On 12 June 1626, the Commons launched a direct protestation attacking Buckingham, stating, ""We protest before your Majesty and the whole world that until this great person be removed from intermeddling with the great affairs of state, we are out of hope of any good success; and do fear that any money we shall or can give will, through his misemployment, be turned rather to the hurt and prejudice of this your kingdom than otherwise, as by lamentable experience we have found those large supplies formerly and lately given."" Despite Parliament's protests, however, Charles refused to

British people. Disillusioned by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the Habsburg empire. To raise the necessary finance, they prevailed upon James to call another Parliament, which met in February 1624. For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed in court, where control of policy was shifting from James to Charles and Buckingham, who pressured the king to declare war and engineered the impeachment of Lord Treasurer Lionel Cranfield, by now made Earl of Middlesex, when he

of Austria, a Catholic, was elected king of Bohemia. The following year, the Bohemians rebelled, defenestrating the Catholic governors. In August 1619, the Bohemian diet chose as their monarch Frederick V, who was leader of the Protestant Union, while Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor in the imperial election. Frederick's acceptance of the Bohemian crown in defiance of the emperor marked the beginning of the turmoil that would develop into the Thirty Years' War. The conflict, originally confined to Bohemia, spiralled into a wider European war, which the English Parliament and public quickly grew to see as a polarised continental

Strafford. James insisted that the House of Commons be concerned exclusively with domestic affairs, while the members protested that they had the privilege of free speech within the Commons' walls, demanding war with Spain and a Protestant Princess of Wales. Charles, like his father, considered the discussion of his marriage in the Commons impertinent and an infringement of his father's royal prerogative. In January 1622, James dissolved Parliament, angry at what he perceived as the members' impudence and intransigence. Charles and the Duke of Buckingham, James's favourite and a man who had great influence over the prince, travelled incognito to

the treaty. A personal quarrel erupted between Buckingham and the Count of Olivares, the Spanish chief minister, and so Charles conducted the ultimately futile negotiations personally. When Charles returned to London in October, without a bride and to a rapturous and relieved public welcome, he and Buckingham pushed a reluctant King James to declare war on Spain. With the encouragement of his Protestant advisers, James summoned the English Parliament in 1624 so that he could request subsidies for a war. Charles and Buckingham supported the impeachment of the Lord Treasurer, Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, who opposed war on

supported by the Howards and other Catholic-leaning ministers and diplomats—together known as the Spanish Party—but deeply distrusted in Protestant England, a sentiment voiced vociferously in the Commons when James finally called a parliament in 1621 to raise funds for a military expedition in support of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. By the 1620s, events on the continent had stirred up anti-Catholic feeling to a new pitch. A conflict had broken out between the Catholic Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant Bohemians, who had deposed the emperor as their king and elected James's son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, in his place, triggering

"Hot Coffee mod"
or if he has collected all oysters in the game, his girlfriend may end a successful date by inviting him into her house for ""coffee,"" from which CJ may choose to accept or decline. Improving relationships with girlfriends through successful dates and other related activities will eventually reward CJ with new items, such as vehicles and special wardrobes, along with pre-existing gameplay benefits (e.g. dating a nurse grants CJ with free visits to the hospital without losing his weapons after dying). In the unmodified version of """", players see an exterior view of the girlfriend's house while muffled voices of

resulting in its removal from sale. An updated version of ""San Andreas"" has since been released with the mini-game removed completely, allowing the game to regain its original rating. A patch for the original version of the game, Cold Coffee, was designed to counter edit the script and disable the mini-game and crash the game if one attempts to access it. Throughout the game, Carl ""CJ"" Johnson, the game's protagonist, may date up to six girlfriends, carrying out various ""date missions"" in order to improve his relationship with a particular woman. Once CJ has become particularly close to a girlfriend,

age). Cohen's lawsuit claimed that Rockstar Games and Take-Two Interactive, the publisher of the game, are guilty of deception, false advertising, fraud and abuse. The accusation of deception is based on the change from M-rated to AO, meaning according to the lawsuit that the original rating was a deceptive practice. A protest group known as the Peaceholics organized a protest on August 4, 2005 at Rockstar's headquarters. The group demonstrated against ""San Andreas"" as well as the game ""Bully"", the latter due to fears that the content could inspire children to become bullies themselves. On July 8, 2005, the ESRB

Hot Coffee mod Hot Coffee is a normally inaccessible mini-game in the 2004 video game """", developed by Rockstar North. Public awareness of the existence of the mini-game arrived with the release of the ""Hot Coffee"" mod, created for the Microsoft Windows port of ""GTA: San Andreas"" in 2005. This mod enables access to the mini-game. The mini-game portrays animated sexual intercourse between the main character, Carl ""CJ"" Johnson, and his chosen in-game girlfriend. The name of the mod is derived from the girlfriend's offer for the main character to come into her home for ""coffee"", a euphemism for sex.

Theft Auto: San Andreas"", with some politicians firing harsh words at both the game's developer and the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), the organization which establishes content ratings for video games in North America. It also rekindled the debate over the influence of video games in general with new protests against several other games such as ""Killer7"", ""The Sims 2"", and ""Bully"". Jack Thompson was one of the first to criticize the game for its hidden content, believing violent media is one of the main causes of violent crime in America. Thompson lashed out against Rockstar Games on several occasions

for previous games they have developed. U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton suggested that new regulations be put on video games sales. The ESRB conducted an investigation that ultimately changed the game's rating from Mature to Adults Only 18+. Also, Congress passed a resolution to have the Federal Trade Commission investigate whether Rockstar intentionally undermined the ESRB by having the content in the game. In New York, a class action lawsuit was filed by Florence Cohen, an 85-year-old grandmother who purchased the game for her 14-year-old grandson (according to the old rating of ""M"", the game is typically considered inappropriate for this

already purchased the game were allowed to keep it in certain areas, but with the patch installed, although players cannot be forced to return (or destroy) existing copies. Given the higher value of the ""uncensored"" versions, it is doubtful that many gamers will return their copies voluntarily. However, those who were over 18 (or 21 depending on region) have grandfathered these copies of the game to their collection. Version 2.0 of ""GTA:SA"", which omitted the sexual mini-game content, was designed by Rockstar to crash if the game data files were modified. This made it necessary for players to use a

"Hot Off the Griddle"
single called ""Catusi"" by Benedict Arnold and the Traitors leads them to a nightclub called the ""Pink Sand Box"", which is Catwoman's new hideout, it soon turns out to be a trap, however. There they are quickly deposited by a revolving booth into a room with a metal floor. Catwoman makes the floor red-hot, forcing them to ""dance the hot-foot"". Hoping to lower the floor's temperature, the Caped Crusader bursts an overhead water pipe, only to unwittingly release ""Catatonic"", a gas which renders him and Robin unconscious. They recover outside, strapped to aluminum grills, their bodies greased with margarine and

"Caffe Mediterraneum"
Caffe Mediterraneum Caffè Mediterraneum, often referred to as Caffè Med or simply the Med, is a café located on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley, California, US, near the University of California, Berkeley. The Med is a landmark of Telegraph Avenue history, ""listed for years in European guidebooks as 'the gathering place for 1960s radicals who created People's Park"" and as of 2009 described in Fodor's guidebook as ""a relic of 1960s-era café culture"". It is located at 2475 Telegraph Avenue, between Dwight Way and Haste Street. Established as a coffeehouse inside a bookstore in 1956 under the name ""Il Piccolo"" by

"Coffee in Seattle"
Caffé Vita, Espresso Vivace, Monorail Espresso, Top Pot Doughnuts, Slate Coffee, Victrola, and Zoka Coffee Roaster & Tea Company . Most of these coffeehouses offer daily or weekly coffee cupping to the public. They roast their coffee in the back and open it for public viewing. Café Allegro is a coffeeshop in University District. It is the second espresso cafe in Seattle following Café Amstelredamme in the Pioneer Square Historic District. Its founder worked with Starbucks roasters to develop the original Starbucks espresso roast, which is darker than most other roasts but still lighter than the darkest roast. That espresso

what is the maximum data rate for the 802.11a standard select one

"IEEE 802.11af"
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and Ofcom permit TV white space operation in 8 MHz channels between 490 and 790 MHz, with the GDB granting use for up to 2 hours. The allowed transmit power is dynamically set on a per-station basis, based on factors including the geographical distance to the next primary user in the given frequency. This closed-loop scheme requires each station to report its position after a timer has expired or it has moved 50 m or more, and to stop transmitting within 5 s when instructed to do so. Compared to the open-loop scheme used by the

"IEEE 802.11ah"
are defined by the standard and are represented by a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index value. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols. 2 MHz channel uses an FFT of 64, of which: 56 OFDM subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are pilot tones with a carrier separation of 31.25 kHz (2 MHz/64) (32 µs). Each of these subcarriers can be a BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or 256-QAM. The total bandwidth is 2 MHz with an occupied bandwidth of 1.78 MHz. Total

"IEEE 802.11"
regulated by country, constrained in part by how each country allocates radio spectrum to various services. At one extreme, Japan permits the use of all 14 channels for 802.11b, and for 802.11g/n-2.4. Other countries such as Spain initially allowed only channels 10 and 11, and France allowed only 10, 11, 12, and 13; however, they now allow channels 1 through 13. North America and some Central and South American countries allow only Since the spectral mask defines only power output restrictions up to ±11 MHz from the center frequency to be attenuated by −50 dBr, it is often assumed that

less intuitive due to the differences in regulations between countries. These are discussed in greater detail on the list of WLAN channels. In addition to specifying the channel center frequency, 802.11 also specifies (in Clause 17) a spectral mask defining the permitted power distribution across each channel. The mask requires the signal be attenuated a minimum of 20 dB from its peak amplitude at ±11 MHz from the centre frequency, the point at which a channel is effectively 22 MHz wide. One consequence is that stations can use only every fourth or fifth channel without overlap. Availability of channels is

"IEEE 802.11n-2009"
the maximum of four spatial streams using one 40 MHz-wide channel. Various modulation schemes and coding rates are defined by the standard and are represented by a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index value. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols. 20 MHz channel uses an FFT of 64, of which: 56 OFDM subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are pilot tones with a carrier separation of 0.3125 MHz (20 MHz/64) (3.2 µs). Each of these subcarriers can be a BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM

(GDB) provided by a regional regulatory agency to discover which frequency channels are available for use at a given time and position. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) permits TV white space operation in 6 MHz channels between 54 and 698 MHz in TV channels 2, 5, 6, 14–35, and 38–51, with the geolocation database granting use for up to 48 hours. For mobile stations, allowed transmit power is fixed to 100 mW per 6 MHz channel, or 40 mW if an adjacent channel is in use by a primary user. In the European Union, the European

"Selectable Mode Vocoder"
Selectable Mode Vocoder Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) is variable bitrate speech coding standard used in CDMA2000 networks. SMV provides multiple modes of operation that are selected based on input speech characteristics. The SMV for Wideband CDMA is based on 4 codecs: full rate at 8.5 kbit/s, half rate at 4 kbit/s, quarter rate at 2 kbit/s, and eighth rate at 800 bit/s. The full rate and half rate are based on the CELP algorithm that is based on a combined closed-loop-open-loop-analysis (COLA). In SMV the signal frames are first classified as: The algorithm includes voice activity detection (VAD) followed by

per spatial stream is 26.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 35.6 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. With four spatial streams and four bonded channels, the maximum data rate is 426.7 Mbit/s in 6 and 7 MHz channels and 568.9 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols Note: For other configurations, multiply by the number of spatial streams (up to 4) and the number of channels (up to 4). Access points and stations determine their position using a satellite positioning system such as GPS and use the Internet to query a geolocation database

"Rec. 2100"
the black level, 2048 as the achromatic gray level and the nominal peak is 3760 in RGB encoding and 3840 in YCbCr encoding. Codes 0–15 and 4,080–4,095 can be used for the timing reference and should be avoided. For full range color, 10-bit levels are 0 for the black level, 512 for the grey level and 1023 for the nominal peak, and 12-bit levels are 0, 2048 and 4092 (values 4093-4095 are avoided to exclude clipping errors on 10-bit ADC/DAC circuits which have 1023 steps). Rec. 2100 has the same color space as Rec. 2020. Rec. 2100 allows for RGB,

"44,100 Hz"
then became the basis for compact disc digital audio (CD-DA), defined in the Red Book standard (1980). Its use has continued as an option in 1990s standards such as the DVD, and in 2000s, standards such as HDMI. This sampling frequency is commonly used for MP3 and other consumer audio file formats which were originally created from material ripped from compact discs. The rate was chosen following debate between manufacturers, notably Sony and Philips, and its implementation by Sony, yielding a de facto standard. The actual choice of rate was the point of some debate, with other alternatives including 44.1

"Central India"
Central India Central India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh is the largest city in the region. Other major cities include Bhopal and Raipur. The states share many linguistic and cultural characteristics with the Northern Region including the predominance of Hindi. The states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have been grouped along with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand as the Northern Zonal Council for cooperation. The Bhimbetka caves show evidence of paleolithic settlements in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Stone age tools have

Hindi belt languages such as Chhattisgarhi are also common regionally. Besides these Indo-Aryan languages, the Munda-family language Korku is also spoken in Central India. Central India Central India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh is the largest city in the region. Other major cities include Bhopal and Raipur. The states share many linguistic and cultural characteristics with the Northern Region including the predominance of Hindi. The states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have been grouped along with the states of Uttar Pradesh and

out of Indore. Later, the territory that now comprises Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh were ruled by numerous princes who entered into subsidiary alliance with the British. After independence, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956. In 2000, the new state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh. The nominal gross domestic product of Central India is ₹10.25 lakh crore. Central India generates 10.96% of all of India's electricity, largely through coal power plants. The region is part of the Hindi belt, and Modern Standard Hindi is the predominant language. Other

also been discovered at various places along the Narmada river valley. Chalcolithic sites have been discovered at a number of places including Eran, Kayatha, Maheshwar, Nagda, and Navdatoli. Rock shelters with cave paintings, the earliest of which can be dated to 30,000 BCE, have also been discovered at a number of places. The settlements of humans in present-day Madhya Pradesh developed primarily in the valleys of rivers such as Narmada, Chambal, and Betwa. During the early Vedic period, the Vindhya mountains formed the southern boundary of the Indo-Aryan territory. The Holkars, a powerful family of the Maratha Empire were based

"East India"
East India East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and also the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands. West Bengal's capital Kolkata is the largest city of this region. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the country's third largest. The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhand is situated on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Odisha lies on the Eastern Ghats and the Deccan Plateau. The region is bounded by the Nepal and Sikkim Himalayas in the north, the states of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh on

"Madhya Pradesh"
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (MP; , ; meaning ""Central Province"") is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior and Ujjain being the other major cities. Nicknamed the ""Heart of India"" due to its geographical location, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Its total area is 308,252

Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India, named after the Rohilla Afghan tribes. The region was known as ""Madhyadesh"" in the Hindu epic ""Mahabharata"". Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles (in and around the City of Bareilly). It is bounded by the Ganges River on the south and the west by Uttarakhand and Nepal on the north, and by the Awadh region to the east. It includes cities of Bareilly, Moradabad, Rampur, Bijnore, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Budaun, Amroha The area was made famous by

four times. Aishbagh Stadium in Bhopal is the home ground for World Series Hockey team Bhopal Badshahs. The state also has a football team that participates in the Santosh Trophy. MP United FC is an Indian football that played in the 2nd Division I-League. On 6 December 2017, the Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan announced that players from the state would be given government jobs on winning medals in international events. Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (MP; , ; meaning ""Central Province"") is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with

"Chamoli district"
Chamoli district Chamoli district is the second largest district of Uttarakhand state of India. It is bounded by the Tibet region to the north, and by the Uttarakhand districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar to the east, Almora to the south, Garhwal to the southwest, Rudraprayag to the west, and Uttarkashi to the northwest. The administrative headquarters of the district is Gopeshwar. Chamoli hosts a variety of destinations of pilgrim and tourists' interest. Badrinath, Hemkund Sahib, Valley of Flowers and Auli. Chamoli also happened to be a birthplace of ""Chipko movement"". Chamoli proved itself ""the most spectacular in its natural assets;

Indore
Indore Indore is the most populous and the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and first city to have campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated

"I Ran (So Far Away)"
I Ran (So Far Away) ""I Ran (So Far Away)"", also released as ""I Ran"", is a song by English new wave band A Flock of Seagulls. It was released in 1982 as their third single and it was the second single from their self-titled debut album. It topped the chart in Australia, and reaching numbers seven and nine in New Zealand and the United States respectively although the single did not enjoy similar success in the band's home country (United Kingdom), failing to make the top 40. Lead vocalist Mike Score says that there were two main sources of

"Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)"
Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home) ""Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)"" is a song written by Artie Zwirn and Harry Giosasi and produced and arranged by LeRoy Holmes The single was performed by New York based, doo-wop group The Impalas. It reached #2 on the U.S. pop chart, behind both, The Happy Organ by Dave ""Baby"" Cortez and Kansas City by Wilbert Harrison. It also went to #14 on the U.S. R&B chart. Overseas, ""Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)"" went to #28 on the UK Singles Chart in 1959. The song was featured on their

"Nowhere to Run (song)"
on the UK chart reaching its highest position of number 52 by 24 July 1988. The alternative history video game """", features an English/German version of the song by the fictitious all female group Die Partei Damen. The song was remixed by ""Boga"" in 2015 and was featured in the official trailer of the film Baby Driver. Nowhere to Run (song) ""Nowhere to Run"" is a 1965 pop single by Martha and the Vandellas for the Gordy (Motown) label and is one of the group's signature songs. The song, written and produced by Motown's main production team of Holland–Dozier–Holland, depicts

"Run Joey Run"
Run Joey Run ""Run Joey Run"" is a teenage tragedy song performed by soft rock singer David Geddes. It was a US Top 40 hit which peaked at #4 on Billboard's Hot 100 Chart in the fall of 1975, and hit #1 on the Cashbox Magazine's Top 100. It would be Geddes' biggest hit. He made it into the Top 40 one other time with ""The Last Game of the Season (A Blind Man in the Bleachers)."" The song opens with a brief snippet of wordless choral ""a capella"" singing, then abruptly cuts to the voice of a female pleading

Nowhere to Run (song) ""Nowhere to Run"" is a 1965 pop single by Martha and the Vandellas for the Gordy (Motown) label and is one of the group's signature songs. The song, written and produced by Motown's main production team of Holland–Dozier–Holland, depicts the story of a woman trapped in a bad relationship with a man she cannot help but love. Holland-Dozier-Holland and the Funk Brothers band gave the song a large, hard-driving instrumentation sound similar to the sound of prior ""Dancing in the Street"" with snow chains used as percussion alongside the tambourine and drums. Included on their third

late 1975. Run Joey Run ""Run Joey Run"" is a teenage tragedy song performed by soft rock singer David Geddes. It was a US Top 40 hit which peaked at #4 on Billboard's Hot 100 Chart in the fall of 1975, and hit #1 on the Cashbox Magazine's Top 100. It would be Geddes' biggest hit. He made it into the Top 40 one other time with ""The Last Game of the Season (A Blind Man in the Bleachers)."" The song opens with a brief snippet of wordless choral ""a capella"" singing, then abruptly cuts to the voice of a

"Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song)"
Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) ""Runnin' Away"" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, ""There's a Riot Goin' On"". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. ""Running Away"" was recorded by Scottish musician and former Josef K lead singer Paul Haig in 1982. It was released as his debut single and

1959 album, ""Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)"". The song ranked #24 on ""Billboard's"" Year-End top 100 singles of 1959. Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home) ""Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)"" is a song written by Artie Zwirn and Harry Giosasi and produced and arranged by LeRoy Holmes The single was performed by New York based, doo-wop group The Impalas. It reached #2 on the U.S. pop chart, behind both, The Happy Organ by Dave ""Baby"" Cortez and Kansas City by Wilbert Harrison. It also went to #14 on the U.S. R&B chart. Overseas, ""Sorry (I

"Run to Him"
Run to Him ""Run to Him"" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Jack Keller and performed by Bobby Vee featuring the Johnny Mann Singers. It was produced by Snuff Garrett, and was featured on Vee's 1962 album, ""Take Good Care of My Baby"". One of the musicians on the song was session drummer Earl Palmer. ""Run to Him"" reached #2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and was kept from the #1 position by The Lion Sleeps Tonight by The Tokens. It also reached #4 in Canada, and #6 in the UK in 1961. The single's B-side, ""Walkin with

"Running Out of Reasons to Run"
Running Out of Reasons to Run ""Running Out of Reasons to Run"" is a song written by George Teren and Bob Regan, and recorded by American country music artist Rick Trevino. It was released in October 1996 as the second single from his CD ""Learning as You Go"". The song reached the top of the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It is also his only Number One hit on the ""Billboard"" country charts. The song's B-side, ""See Rock City"", later served as the album's fourth single. On the Spanish-language version of Trevino's album (titled ""Mi Vida Eres Tú""),

"Wallace (surname)"
Wallace (surname) Wallace is a Scottish surname derived from the Anglo-Norman French ""waleis"", which is in turn derived from a cognate of the Old English ""wylisc"" (pronounced ""wullish"") meaning ""foreigner"" or ""Welshman"" (see also Wallach and Walhaz). The original surname may have denoted someone from the former Kingdom of Strathclyde who spoke Cumbric, a close relative of the Welsh language, or possibly an incomer from Wales, or the Welsh Marches. The Kingdom of Strathclyde was originally a part of the Hen Ogledd, its people speaking a Brythonic language distinct from Scottish Gaelic and the English derived from Lothian. In modern

times, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the surname has been used as an Americanization of numerous Ashkenazic Jewish surnames. Wallace (surname) Wallace is a Scottish surname derived from the Anglo-Norman French ""waleis"", which is in turn derived from a cognate of the Old English ""wylisc"" (pronounced ""wullish"") meaning ""foreigner"" or ""Welshman"" (see also Wallach and Walhaz). The original surname may have denoted someone from the former Kingdom of Strathclyde who spoke Cumbric, a close relative of the Welsh language, or possibly an incomer from Wales, or the Welsh Marches. The Kingdom of Strathclyde was originally a part of the

"Clan Wallace"
Wal’, Walace, Walais, Walans, Walas, Walays, Wale, Waleis, Walency, Walens, Walense, Walensen, Walensi, Walensis, Wales, Waless, Waleys, Waleyss - Valance, Valensis, Valeyns, Vallace, Vallance, Valles, Valleyis, Vallibus (Not Vallibus, which has always signified the family of de Vaux or Vaus) - Uallas (the Scots Gaelic) - Gadhel, Galeis, Galeius, Gales, Galeys, Galleius, Grieve, Galleius, Galles, Galles, Gallia, Gallois, Gaul, Gweddol Clan Wallace The Clan Wallace is a Lowland Scottish clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The most famous member of the clan was the Scottish patriot William Wallace of the late 13th

Clan Wallace The Clan Wallace is a Lowland Scottish clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The most famous member of the clan was the Scottish patriot William Wallace of the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The Wallace family first came to Scotland with a Norman family in the 11th century. David I of Scotland was eager to extend the benefits of Norman influence and gave grants to the nobles of the south. Among them was Walter fitz Alan, who the Scottish king appointed his Steward in 1136. One of Fitzallan's followers

"William Wallace"
than the name's being derived from the Old English ""wylisc"" (pronounced ""wullish""), meaning ""foreigner"" or ""Welshman"". It is possible that all the Wallaces in the Clyde area were medieval immigrants from Wales, but as the term was also used for local Cumbric-speaking Strathclyde Welsh, it seems equally likely that the surname refers to people who were seen as being ""Welsh"" due to their Cumbric language. When Wallace was growing up, King Alexander III ruled Scotland. His reign had seen a period of peace and economic stability. On 19 March 1286, however, Alexander died after falling from his horse. The heir

was Richard Wallace from Oswestry who came north to try to improve his fortunes. Oswestry is on the Welsh border so it is possible that the name Wallace may be a corruption of Le Waleis meaning the ""Welshman"". However, while it is possible that the Wallaces were originally Britons from Wales, who came north with David I of Scotland in the eleventh century, another theory is that they were Britons who had settled in Strathclyde in the tenth century. The Steward received from King David lands in Ayrshire and so it was here that his follower Richard Wallace settled. Richard

seal has given rise to a counter claim of Ellerslie in Ayrshire. There is no contemporary evidence linking him with either location, although both areas had connections with the wider Wallace family. Records show early members of the family as holding estates at Riccarton, Tarbolton, and Auchincruive in Kyle, and Stenton in East Lothian. They were vassals of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland as their lands fell within his territory. Wallace's brothers Malcolm and John are known from other sources. The origins of the Wallace surname and its association with southwest Scotland are also far from certain, other

Malcolm of Elderslie; however William's own seal, found on a letter sent to the Hanse city of Lübeck in 1297, gives his father's name as Alan Wallace. This Alan Wallace may be the same as the one listed in the 1296 Ragman Rolls as a crown tenant in Ayrshire, but there is no additional confirmation. Blind Harry's assertion that William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself. However, William's

of England by a senior Scottish law officer - Sir John Mentieth. Wallace was subjected to a show trial, in which he was found guilty of treason and hanged, drawn, and quartered at Smithfield, London in 1305. The Wallaces of Cragie from whom the senior branch of the clan is descended obtained their estate during the late 14th century, through the marriage to the heiress of Sir John Lindsay of Cragie. In October 1449, Sir John Wallace of Cragie was a commander at the victory over the English, at the Battle of Sark. William Wallace of Carnell was killed at

however later he was one of the few Scottish nobles who refused to submit to Edward and as a result he and his son, Andrew, were executed. According to some sources Malcolm was the father of the Scottish patriot William Wallace, however the seal of William Wallace, rediscovered in 1999, identifies him as the son of Alan Wallace of Ayrshire, who also appears in the Ragman Roll of 1296 as ""crown tenant of Ayrshire"". Dr. Fiona Watson in ""A Report into Sir William Wallace's connections with Ayrshire"", published in March 1999, reassesses the early life of William Wallace and concludes,

"Michael Moriarty"
Right"" Moriarty writes that he was a ""very bad drunk"", but that as of February 1, 2004, he had been sober for three years. Michael Moriarty Michael Moriarty (born April 5, 1941) is an American-Canadian stage and screen actor and jazz musician. He received an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for his first acting role on American television as a Nazi SS officer in the 1978 mini-series ""Holocaust"", and he played Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin Stone for the first four seasons (1990–1994) on the television show ""Law & Order."" Moriarty is also known for his roles in films

Michael Moriarty Michael Moriarty (born April 5, 1941) is an American-Canadian stage and screen actor and jazz musician. He received an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for his first acting role on American television as a Nazi SS officer in the 1978 mini-series ""Holocaust"", and he played Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin Stone for the first four seasons (1990–1994) on the television show ""Law & Order."" Moriarty is also known for his roles in films such as ""Bang the Drum Slowly"", ""Who'll Stop the Rain"", ""Q: The Winged Serpent"", ""The Stuff"", ""Pale Rider"", ""Troll"", ""Courage Under Fire"", and ""Shiloh"".

"Benjamin Stone (Law & Order character)"
Benjamin Stone (Law & Order character) Benjamin ""Ben"" Stone is a fictional character portrayed by Michael Moriarty in the TV drama ""Law & Order"". He was the Executive Assistant District Attorney for New York County until his resignation at the end of season four. He appeared in 88 episodes. Stone works in the Manhattan District Attorney's office under Alfred Wentworth (in the pilot episode) and Adam Schiff. He was raised in an Irish Catholic family. He was raised mostly by his Irish grandmother, his father having been an alcoholic. Stone is divorced and has a son, Peter Stone, who was

debate Senator Kent Conrad, he was replaced by FCC chairman Reed Hundt. Both appearances were scheduled to air on January 26, 1994. Moriarty submitted his resignation to producer Dick Wolf on January 25, 1994, and his departure was written into the series. Benjamin Stone (Law & Order character) Benjamin ""Ben"" Stone is a fictional character portrayed by Michael Moriarty in the TV drama ""Law & Order"". He was the Executive Assistant District Attorney for New York County until his resignation at the end of season four. He appeared in 88 episodes. Stone works in the Manhattan District Attorney's office under

"Tom Selleck"
Tom Selleck Thomas William Selleck (; born January 29, 1945) is an American actor and film producer. He is known for starring as private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series ""Magnum, P.I."" (1980–1988) and as Peter Mitchell in ""Three Men and a Baby"". Selleck had a recurring role as Lance White, the likeable and naive partner of Jim Rockford (played by James Garner) on ""The Rockford Files"". He also played Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on Robert B. Parker novels. Since 2010, he has starred as NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan in the hit

the visits since their father's death. She is murdered by sex traffickers in """". Stone's departure from the series stemmed from actor Michael Moriarty's dispute with the network and U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno, who in 1993 began promoting legislation to limit portrayals of violence on television. Moriarty, who was outspoken against Reno and what he felt was government censorship, was scheduled to appear on NBC shows ""Today"" and ""Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric"", but both ended up canceled. Moriarty had already taped his segment for ""Now""; for his ""Today"" show appearance, during which he was scheduled to

of Korean Air Lines flight 007 in 1983. He portrayed U.S. Air Force Major Hank Daniels, who was largely ignored if not ridiculed for showing how the ill-fated airliner had strayed off course into airspace known by the Soviets to be used by U.S. Air Force electronic surveillance planes as they approached Soviet airspace. From 1990 to 1994, Moriarty starred as Ben Stone on ""Law & Order"". He left the show in 1994, alleging that his departure was a result of his threatening a lawsuit against then-Attorney General Janet Reno, who had cited ""Law & Order"" as offensively violent. Moriarty

"Glynn Turman"
Glynn Turman Glynn Russell Turman (born January 31, 1947) is an American stage, television, and film actor as well as a writer, director, and producer. Turman is known for his roles as Lew Miles on the prime-time soap opera ""Peyton Place"" (1968–69), high school student Leroy ""Preach"" Jackson in the 1975 coming-of-age film ""Cooley High"", math professor and retired Army colonel Bradford Taylor on the NBC sitcom ""A Different World"" (1988–93), and fictional Baltimore mayor Clarence Royce on the HBO drama series ""The Wire"". He recently portrayed Jeremiah Kaan on the Showtime series ""House of Lies"". Turman had his first

"Michael Sutton (actor)"
Michael Sutton (actor) Michael Sutton (born June 18, 1970) is an American actor. Sutton was born in Los Angeles, California. He has a bachelor's degree in Film Production from Cal State University Northridge 1992. He was the president of Production Ardustry Entertainment in 2005 and a founding member of the Next Generation Council for the Motion Picture & Television Fund from 2003 to the present. Sutton is best known for playing the HIV-positive teenager and AIDS victim Stone Cates on the daytime serial ""General Hospital"". He was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama

"Dan Deublein"
and Pontiac. Deublein has played roles in numerous television shows including ""Beverly Hills, 90210"", ""General Hospital"", ""Port Charles"", ""JAG"", ""Arrest & Trial"" and ""The West Wing"". He also appeared with Leonard Nimoy and Christopher De Lancie in the live radio production of ""The Lost World"". Dan Deublein Dan Deublein (born November 22, 1972 in Show Low, Arizona) is an American former actor. In 2005, he left the entertainment industry to pursue a career in medicine. Dan Deublein is known for his role as Ben Swift on ""Beverly Hills, 90210"" and as the thieving Scott Molloy on ABC's daytime soap ""Port

"Nala (The Lion King)"
Nala (The Lion King) Nala is a fictional character who appears in Disney's ""The"" ""Lion King"" franchise. Introduced in the animated film ""The Lion King"" in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels """" (1998) and ""The Lion King 1½"" (2004), and serves as a recurring character in ""The Lion Guard"" (2015–). In the original film, the adult Nala is voiced by American actress Moira Kelly. Young Nala's speaking voice is provided by actress Niketa Calame, while singers Laura Williams and Sally Dworsky provide the singing voices of young and adult Nala respectively. Nala

main plot of the film. Ella Ceron of ""Thought Catalog"" observed that ""At [Simba's] return, she's not exactly the friendliest little kitten, either ... but is willing to overlook her own hurt ego in the spirit of their friendship. She believes in Simba, and doesn’t understand why he wouldn’t want to fight for his right to rule."" The speaking voice of adult Nala is provided by American actress Moira Kelly. Kelly learned that Disney was auditioning actresses for the role of Nala from her agent. Despite having not been the directors' first choice for the role, Kelly was allowed to

Broadway musical adaptation of the film, first played by singer Heather Headley. The character also appears in the television series ""The Lion Guard"", with Gabrielle Union replacing Kelly as the voice of Nala. Beyoncé is set to voice the character in the upcoming 2019 remake of the original film directed by Jon Favreau. Screenwriter Linda Woolverton conceived Nala ""as part of a gradual progression ... which have driven recent public conversation about what young girls should be able to expect from their cinematic role models."" In early versions of the screenplay, Nala has a younger brother named Mheetu, who enjoys

Because Nala is a ""very straight character"", determining what kind of voice she would use for her was not a particularly challenging task. Additionally, the filmmakers would also film Kelly's performances in order to incorporate her own facial expressions into her character's design, the process of which impressed the actress. In her film debut, actress Niketa Calame voices young Nala. According to Calame's official website, Nala remains the actress' ""biggest role to date"". A classically trained pianist and chorister, Laura Williams provides the singing voice of young Nala, which can be heard in the song ""I Just Can't Wait to

footage from the first film was simply reused accordingly. Elton John's official website cites Kelly among the film's cast of actors who ""would grace any red carpet."" Kelly's performance as Nala is responsible for introducing the actress to a younger audience. Previously, she had been better known for appearing in more adult-oriented live-action films at that time. In 2011, Kelly revealed that fans of the film rarely recognize her speaking voice as the voice of Nala, although Robert DeSalvo of NextMovie.com claims that the actress ""has a ... distinctive voice that ""The Lion King"" fans will instantly recognize as the

Lion King"", which is expected to be released in July 19, 2019. The same day Shahadi Wright Joseph was cast as young Nala in the film. In the Broadway musical adaptation of ""The Lion King"", the role of Nala was originated by Trinidadian-American singer Heather Headley. Her Broadway debut, at first auditioning for the role proved a challenge for the singer due to her ""Ragtime"" contract, which her agent was eventually successful in getting her released from. Director Julie Taymor felt that Nala's journey in the film was underdeveloped and among the story's weaker elements, and thus decided to ""strengthen""

Be King""; the singer was 15 years old at the time. Meanwhile, singer-songwriter Sally Dworsky provides the singing voice of adult Nala, which is heard during the song ""Can You Feel the Love Tonight"". The lyrics of the film's love theme, ""Can You Feel the Love Tonight"", were re-written approximately 15 times, according to lyricist Tim Rice, who wrote the song alongside composer Elton John. At one point, the producers wanted the song to be a comical duet performed by supporting characters Timon and Pumbaa, despite the fact that John had originally composed the song with Nala and Simba in

"Kissy Simmons"
Kissy Simmons Kissy Simmons is an American actress. ""Kissy"" is short for Kissimmee, the Floridian city near Orlando about 80 miles from Floral City where she was born. She is best known for playing Nala in the Broadway production of ""The Lion King"" and as of 2011 is reprising the role in the Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay beginning May 5, 2009. Simmons was state high-jump champion at Citrus High School in Florida, and attended the University of South Florida on a full track scholarship. She received a BA in speech communications before going on to a successful modeling

was preceded by the made-for-television film """" (2015). Set within the time gap in ""The Lion King II: Simba's Pride"", the show revolves around Nala and Simba's son Kion who, being their second-born cub after Kiara, has been tasked with forming the next Lion Guard, a group responsible for protecting the Pride Lands. Although a fan of the ""Lion King"" franchise, Union avoided watching previous ""Lion King"" films in preparation for the role because she wanted to ""put [her] own stamp"" on the character. On November 1, 2017, it was confirmed that would voice adult Nala in Jon Favreau's ""The

invitation came personally from The First Lady Laura Bush, who saw the show during its Kennedy Center engagement. Kissy Simmons Kissy Simmons is an American actress. ""Kissy"" is short for Kissimmee, the Floridian city near Orlando about 80 miles from Floral City where she was born. She is best known for playing Nala in the Broadway production of ""The Lion King"" and as of 2011 is reprising the role in the Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay beginning May 5, 2009. Simmons was state high-jump champion at Citrus High School in Florida, and attended the University of South Florida on

"Marsha Clark"
Kids"", ""Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs"", """", ""The Brothers Flub"", ""Ponyo"", ""EverQuest II"", ""As Told by Ginger"", ""A.N.T. Farm"", """", ""A Flintstones Christmas Carol"", ""The Kids from Room 402"", ""A Letter to Momo"", ""Droopy, Master Detective"", ""The What a Cartoon! Show"" and ""Problem Child"". Marsha Clark Marsha Clark is an American actress, best known for her roles in soap operas, including the second Hillary Bauer on ""Guiding Light"", the third Tina Lord on ""One Life to Live"" and Judge Karen Fitzpatrick on ""Days of Our Lives"". Clark voiced the spirit of Grace Bennett on ""Passions"". She has also guest

"Melanie Scrofano"
Melanie Scrofano Melanie Scrofano is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing the roles of Rebecca on the CBC dramedy series ""Being Erica"", October on the Showcase comedy mockumentary series ""Pure Pwnage"", and Tia on the CTV Television Network fantasy drama series ""The Listener"". Scrofano has played the lead role on Syfy's modern Western drama ""Wynonna Earp"" since 2016. Scrofano grew up in Ottawa, Ontario. Her father is an engineer and her mother is a government worker. She is of Italian and French-Canadian descent. She began modeling at the age of 13, and picked up acting when her agent

"Chip Fields"
and ""Sister, Sister""). Chip has been married to technical director Ervin Hurd since August 20, 1994. Chip Fields Laverne ""Chip"" Fields, who is sometimes credited as Chip Hurd or Chip Fields–Hurd, (born August 5, 1951) is an American singer, actress, television director, producer, consultant, and dialogue coach, who has appeared in popular films, television shows, and Broadway theatre. She is best known for portraying Lynetta Gordon, the abusive birth mother of Penny Gordon Woods (played by Janet Jackson) in a four–part episode (1977) of the 1970s sitcom ""Good Times"". Fields began her acting career as an extra in the 1974

Chip Fields Laverne ""Chip"" Fields, who is sometimes credited as Chip Hurd or Chip Fields–Hurd, (born August 5, 1951) is an American singer, actress, television director, producer, consultant, and dialogue coach, who has appeared in popular films, television shows, and Broadway theatre. She is best known for portraying Lynetta Gordon, the abusive birth mother of Penny Gordon Woods (played by Janet Jackson) in a four–part episode (1977) of the 1970s sitcom ""Good Times"". Fields began her acting career as an extra in the 1974 film ""Claudine"". She has had numerous supporting roles and guest appearances on television. She played an

"Tiffany Bolling"
divorced, she has been married to production administrator Richard G. Casares since October 8, 1983; the couple has one child, a daughter. Tiffany Bolling Tiffany Bolling (born Tiffany Royce Kral; born February 6, 1947) is a retired American actress, model and singer, best known for her appearances in cult movies. Bolling was raised in Santa Monica, California. Her father was singer/pianist Roy Kral and her mother was singer/comedian Bettie Miller. Singer Irene Kral was her aunt. Bolling guest-starred on a number of television series, including ""The Sixth Sense"" (as Damaris in ""Witch, Witch, Burning Bright""), ""Ironside"" (""The Wrong Time, the

"Greer Grammer"
Grammer's first acting role was as a guest star on an episode of the Nickelodeon teen series ""iCarly"" in 2010. She then went on to star in the independent films ""Almost Kings"", ""Chastity Bites"", and ""An Evergreen Christmas."" In 2011, Grammer was cast as Lissa Miller in the MTV comedy series, ""Awkward"". She was in a recurring role for the first two seasons before being promoted to a series regular for seasons three, four and five. In 2015, she guest starred as McKenna on ""Melissa & Joey"" for three episodes of the final season. It was announced in June 2015

began submitting her for acting jobs. It was revealed in a July 2017 ""Variety"" article that Scrofano was pregnant for the duration of filming the second season of ""Wynonna Earp"". She gave birth to a son in April 2017, shortly after production on the series had wrapped. Melanie Scrofano Melanie Scrofano is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing the roles of Rebecca on the CBC dramedy series ""Being Erica"", October on the Showcase comedy mockumentary series ""Pure Pwnage"", and Tia on the CTV Television Network fantasy drama series ""The Listener"". Scrofano has played the lead role on Syfy's

"Sofia Hublitz"
daughter of protagonists Marty and Wendy Byrde – played by Jason Bateman and Laura Linney – in the Netflix series ""Ozark"". Sofia Hublitz Sofia Hublitz is an American actress. She currently stars in the American television series ""Ozark"" as Charlotte Byrde. Hublitz appeared on TV as a juvenile contestant on ""MasterChef Junior"" in 2013. during this series, Hublitz was seen crying over a failure in one of the tasks, allowing Gordon Ramsay to show his rarely seen compassionate nature by assisting her to redo the task. She played Danielle Hoffman in two episodes of the television series ""Louie"" in 2014,

"Melissa Peterman"
Melissa Peterman Melissa Margaret Peterman (b. July 1, 1971) is an American actress and comedian who is best known for her role as Barbra Jean in the television comedy series ""Reba"". Peterman has appeared as Bonnie Wheeler in the ABC Family/Freeform series ""Baby Daddy"", and as host of ABC Family's ""Dancing Fools"", ABC's ""Bet on Your Baby"", and CMT's ""The Singing Bee"". Upon graduating from Minnesota State University, Mankato with theater as one of her majors, Peterman was cast as Madeline Monroe in Hey City Theater's production of ""Tony n' Tina's Wedding"". After more than 600 performances, she went on

"Kimberly Cullum"
Kimberly Cullum Kimberly Cullum (born November 29, 1981) is an American former child actress who had many film and television roles during the 1990s. Born in Los Angeles, California, Cullum is the daughter of cartoonist Leo Cullum whose work regularly appeared in ""The New Yorker"" magazine. Her younger sister Kaitlin Cullum is also a former child actress. Cullum began acting professionally at the age of seven when she starred in the 1989 made-for-TV movie ""The Revenge of Al Capone"", starring Keith Carradine. Among her other credits are appearances on ""The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air"", ""Empty Nest"" (in the episode ""Read

"Oath of Allegiance (United States)"
Oath of Allegiance (United States) The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ""Oath of Allegiance,"" 8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by immigrants who wish to become United States citizens. The Oath of Allegiance may be administered by USCIS officials; by immigration judges; and by eligible courts. The current oath is as follows: provides that the phrase ""so help me God"" is optional and that the words 'on oath' can be substituted with 'and solemnly affirm'. Qualifying for this modification may require supporting documentation from the applicant's religious organization.

"Oath of office"
Oath of office An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the person may actually exercise the powers of the office or any religious body. It may be administered at an inauguration, coronation, enthronement, or other ceremony connected with the taking up of office itself, or it may be administered privately.

"Oath of citizenship"
8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008)) is an oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens. I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of

The applicant is not required to belong to a specific religious group, but must have ""a sincere and meaningful belief that has a place in the applicant's life that is equivalent to that of a religious belief"". The requirement to take the Oath is waived by USCIS for children under 14 years of age at the time of naturalization. The requirement may also be waived for any person unable to understand or communicate an understanding of the Oath due to a physical disability or mental impairment. During the Revolutionary War, oaths of allegiance were administered to officers of the Continental

Army, pursuant to a Congressional resolution of February 3, 1778. An example appears below. The Oath of Allegiance for prospective citizens originated with the Naturalization Act of 1790, which required applicants to take an oath or affirmation ""to support the constitution of the United States"", but did not provide a text. The Naturalization Act of 1795 added renunciation of the new citizen's former sovereign to the oath. The Naturalization Act of 1906 added the section of the oath requiring new citizens to defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; and

and universities who teach subjects involving religion), and all those ordained deacons (and therefore all those who will also later be ordained priests) to take the following ""Oath of Fidelity"" Oath of office An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the person may actually exercise the powers of the office

Oath
to be a guarantor of the oath taker's own honesty and integrity in the matter under question. By implication, this invokes divine displeasure if the oath taker fails in their sworn duties. It therefore implies greater care than usual in the act of the performance of one's duty, such as in testimony to the facts of the matter in a court of law. A person taking an oath indicates this in a number of ways. The most usual is the explicit ""I swear"", but any statement or promise that includes ""with * as my witness"" or ""so help me *"",

bear true faith and allegiance to the same. The Oath acquired a standard text in 1929. Prior to then, spoken oaths were adapted from naturalization law, and each court could develop its own procedures for administering the oath. The Internal Security Act of 1950 added the text about bearing arms and performing noncombatant service in the armed forces of the United States. The section about performing work of national importance under civilian direction was added by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. The current exact text of the Oath of Citizenship is established only in the form of an

"Voter's oath or affirmation"
as established by the Constitution, without fear or favor of any person. Vermont, Alabama, and Florida are the only U.S. states with a voter's oath. Voter's oath or affirmation The voter's oath or affirmation, formerly the freemen's oath, is a citizen's oath or affirmation taken during voter registration in the U.S. state of Vermont. In 2007 the law was amended to make it easier to administer this oath or affirmation; instead of being administered only by notaries public and similar officials, the oath may be administered by nearly anyone, including the applicant. (""Voter's oath or affirmation; how administered"" 2007) The

Oath
– 15. Jahrhundert) In the modern law, oaths are made by a witness to a court of law before giving testimony and usually by a newly appointed government officer to the people of a state before taking office. However, in both of those cases, an affirmation can usually be replaced with a written statement, only if the author swears the statement is true. This statement is called an ""affidavit"". The oath given to support an affidavit is frequently administered by a notary, who will certify the giving of the oath by affixing her or his seal to the document. Willfully

"Darth Vader"
that McQuarrie's earliest conception of Vader was so successful that very little needed to be changed for production. Working from McQuarrie's designs, the costume designer John Mollo devised a costume that could be worn by an actor on-screen using a combination of clerical robes, a motorcycle suit, a German military helmet and a gas mask. The prop sculptor Brian Muir created the helmet and armour used in the film. The sound of the respirator function of Vader's mask was created by Ben Burtt using modified recordings of scuba breathing apparatus used by divers. The sound effect is trademarked in the

"David Prowse"
David Prowse David Charles Prowse, MBE (born 1 July 1935) is a retired English bodybuilder, weightlifter and character actor in British film and television. Worldwide, he is best known for physically portraying Darth Vader in the original ""Star Wars"" trilogy (with the character's voice being performed by James Earl Jones), and in 2015 starred in a documentary concerning that role, entitled ""I Am Your Father"". Prior to his role as Vader, Prowse had established himself as a prominent figure in British culture as the first Green Cross Code man, a character used in British road safety advertising aimed at children.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under Trademark #77419252 and is officially described in the documentation as """"The sound of rhythmic mechanical human breathing created by breathing through a scuba tank regulator."""" Commentators have often pointed to the influence of Akira Kurosawa's films such as ""The Hidden Fortress"" (1958) on George Lucas, and Vader's Samurai-inspired costume design is held up as a significant example of the Japanese influences on ""Star Wars"". Darth Vader was portrayed by bodybuilder David Prowse in the original film trilogy, and by stunt performer Bob Anderson during the character's intense lightsaber fight scenes. Lucas originally intended for

noted that the script indicated that Vader would travel between spaceships and needed to survive in the vacuum of space, and he proposed that Vader should wear some sort of space suit. Lucas agreed, and McQuarrie combined a full-face breathing mask with a Samurai helmet, thus creating one of the most iconic designs of space fantasy cinema. McQuarrie's of Darth Vader engaged in a lightsaber duel with Deak Starkiller (a character prototype for Luke Skywalker) depicts Vader wearing black armour, a flowing cape and an elongated, skull-like mask and helmet. Its similarity to the final design of Vader's costume demonstrates

film secrets with anyone, even his family. The unmasking scene, directed by Richard Marquand, was filmed in one day and required only a few takes, with no alteration from the original dialogue. Lucas personally directed Shaw for his appearance in the final scene of the film, in which he is a Force Ghost of Anakin. Shaw's image in this scene was replaced with that of Christensen in the 2004 DVD release. This last attempt to tie the prequel and original trilogies together proved to be possibly the most controversial change in the ""Star Wars"" re-releases. Shaw received more fan mail

with Vader. The original design of Darth Vader's costume did not originally include a helmet. The idea that Vader should wear a breathing apparatus was first proposed by concept artist Ralph McQuarrie during preproduction discussions for ""Star Wars"" with George Lucas in 1975. In an interview with ""Star Wars Insider"" Magazine, McQuarrie stated that Lucas's artistic direction was to portray a malevolent figure in a cape with Samurai armour. ""For Darth Vader, George [Lucas] just said he would like to have a very tall, dark fluttering figure that had a spooky feeling like it came in on the wind."" McQuarrie

""You'd have to ask Lucas about that. I don't know"". Hayden Christensen and Gene Bryant alternately portray Vader in ""Revenge of the Sith"". During the production of ""Revenge of the Sith"", Christensen asked Lucas if a special Vader suit could be constructed to fit his own body, rather than have a different actor don one of the original sets of Vader armor worn by Prowse. Brock Peters provided the voice of Darth Vader in the NPR/USC radio series. Both Spencer Wilding and Daniel Naprous portrayed Vader in ""Rogue One"" (2016), with Jones reprising his role as the character's voice. Vader's

"Ray Park"
Ray Park Raymond ""Ray"" Park (born 23 August 1974) is a British actor, author and martial artist. He is best known for playing Darth Maul in """" and """", Toad in ""X-Men"", Snake-Eyes in """" and """", and Edgar on ""Heroes"". Ray Park was born in Glasgow, Scotland. At the age of seven, he moved with his family to London, England. Park was introduced to martial arts by his father, who was a fan of Bruce Lee, and began training in the traditional Chinese Northern Shaolin Kung Fu when he was seven years old. He added wushu to his hobbies

"Darth Bane"
as an apparition to Yoda on the Sith home planet Moraband. He is voiced by Mark Hamill, who portrayed Luke Skywalker in the films. Prior to taking on the role of Bane, Hamill did not know of the character or how Bane fit into the overall arc of Star Wars. His son Nathan Hamill knew about the history of the character and was able to explain it to his father once he took on the role. For the portrayal, Dave Filoni recorded Hamill to reading his line using multiple inflections, each portraying different emotions, and then blended all together into

casting crew sought an experienced actor for the role of Anakin Skywalker since his death was unquestionably the emotional climax of the film, and Sebastian Shaw was selected for the role. When Shaw arrived at the set for filming, he ran into his friend Ian McDiarmid, the actor playing the Emperor. When McDiarmid asked him what he was doing there, Shaw responded, ""I don't know, dear boy, I think it's something to do with science-fiction."" His presence during the filming was kept secret from all but the minimum cast and crew, and Shaw was contractually obliged not to discuss any

Rachel
excused his own deception by insisting that the older sister should marry first. He assured Jacob that after his wedding week was finished, he could take Rachel as a wife as well, and work another seven years as payment for her. When God ""saw that Leah was unloved, he opened her womb"" (Gen 29:31), and she gave birth to four sons. Rachel, like Sarah and Rebecca, remained unable to conceive. According to Tikva Frymer-Kensky, ""The infertility of the matriarchs has two effects: it heightens the drama of the birth of the eventual son, marking Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph as special;

Sarah
was sterile; but a miracle was granted to her after her name was changed from ""Sarai"" to ""Sarah"". According to one myth, when her fertility had been restored and she had given birth to Isaac, the people would not believe in the miracle, saying that the patriarch and his wife had adopted a foundling and pretended that it was their own son. Abraham thereupon invited all the notabilities to a banquet on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. Sarah invited the women, also, who brought their infants with them; and on this occasion she gave milk from her

Hagar
as 1988, Anna Goldman-Amirav in ""Reproductive and Genetic Engineering"" wrote of Hagar within ""the Biblical 'battle of the wombs' [which] lay the foundation for the view of women, fertility, and sexuality in the patriarchal society"". Hagar Hagar (, ""Hagar"", of uncertain origin; Hājar; ) is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis. She was an Egyptian handmaid of Sarai (Sarah), who gave her to Abraham to bear a child. The product of the union was Abraham's firstborn, Ishmael, the progenitor of the Ishmaelites. Various commentators have connected her to the Hagrites, perhaps as their eponymous ancestor. The name ""Hagar""

Rebecca
was 40 years old when he married Rebecca, 20 years elapsed before they had children. Throughout that time, both Isaac and Rebecca prayed fervently to God for offspring. God eventually answered Isaac's prayers and Rebecca conceived. Rebecca was extremely uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to inquire of God why she was suffering so. According to the Midrash, whenever she would pass a house of Torah study, Jacob would struggle to come out; whenever she would pass a house of idolatry, Esau would agitate to come out. Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca

Rebecca
who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers. One reason why Isaac became blind in his old age was due to the smoke of the incense that these women offered to their idols. Isaac became blind in his old age and decided to bestow the blessing of the firstborn upon Esau. According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age his mother, Sarah, had been at her death. According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137. At this time, the Sages state that one should

Abraham
and told Abraham, ""I will give thee a son also of her"". Abraham laughed, and ""said in his heart, 'Shall a ""child"" be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?'"" Immediately after Abraham's encounter with God, he had his entire household of men, including himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised. Not long afterward, during the heat of the day, Abraham had been sitting at the entrance of his tent by the terebinths of Mamre. He looked up and saw three men in the presence of God. Then

Jochebed
event because Jochebed was spared the pain of child-bearing due to both her and Amram's piety. The Haggadah extends this miraculous nature to Moses' conception by marking as 120 the age of Jochebed at conception. Several rabbinic commentaries attest to this and comment that maidenhood was restored to Jochebed at the time of her marriage to Amram. The restoration of maidenhood also included the resumption of her fertility. Textual scholars attribute the genealogy to the Book of Generations, a hypothetical document originating from a similar religiopolitical group and date to the priestly source. According to biblical scholars, the Torah's genealogy

Ishmael
(). God also mentioned that ""He will be a wild donkey of a man, His hand will be over everyone, And everyone's hand will be against him; And he will live to the east of all his brothers.""(). A year later, Ishmael's half-brother Isaac was born to Abraham by his first wife Sarah when she was 90 years old (), after she had ceased showing any signs of fertility (). On the day of feasting during which Abraham celebrated the weaning of Isaac, Ishmael was ""mocking"" or ""playing with"" Isaac (the Hebrew word מְצַחֵֽק ""meṣaḥeq"" is ambiguous) and Sarah asked

"Miraculous births"
various gospels of the New Testament of the Bible. The Second Book of Enoch contains a section, called ""Exaltation of Melchizedek"", which says that Melchizedek was born of a virgin, Sofonim (or Sopanima), the wife of Nir, a brother of Noah. The child came out from his mother after she had died and sat on the bed beside her corpse, already physically developed, clothed, speaking and blessing the Lord, and marked with the badge of priesthood. Forty days later, Melchizedek was taken by the archangel Gabriel (Michael in some manuscripts) to the Garden of Eden and was thus preserved from

Sarah
her age was as nothing to God. Sarah soon became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, at the very time which had been spoken. The patriarch, then a hundred years old, named the child ""Isaac"" (Hebrew yitschaq, ""laughter"") and circumcised him when he was eight days old. For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, ""God had made me to laugh, ""[so that]"" all that hear will laugh with me."" Abraham held a great feast on the day when Isaac was to be

"BB gun"
stream, and this is used to suck the BBs up into the barrel at rates as high as 3600 rounds per minute. It is possible to shoot competitively with a BB gun. The National Rifle Association youth shooting program has classifications for smoothbore BB guns, open to ages 14 – 18, and these classes are popular with youth groups such as Boy Scouts of America and 4H. Most BB-firing airguns can shoot faster than . Some airguns have the ability to fire considerably faster, even beyond . Although claims are often exaggerated, a few airguns can actually fire a standard

"Shooting ranges in the United States"
and international tourists that want to try their hand at the shooting sports. Each shooting range facility in the United States is typically overseen by one or more range masters to ensure gun safety rules are always stringently followed. Typically, no license or advanced training beyond just firearm familiarization (for rentals) and range rules familiarization is usually required for using a shooting range in the United States; the only common requirement is that the shooter must be at least 18 or 21 years old (or have a legal guardian present), and must sign a waiver prior to shooting. Self-defense classes

"Gun laws in the Czech Republic"
of age, qualification, health clearance, criminal integrity and personal reliability are met and a fee of 700 CZK (US$ ) per category is paid, the license shall be issued in thirty days. The license must be renewed every ten years (no need to undergo qualification exam if the application is filed at least two months before termination of the previous license; health clearance still necessary). To obtain a B or C category license, the applicant must be at least 18 years old. Under special circumstances, the applicant need only be 15 if a member of a sporting club, or 16

"Legal issues in airsoft"
are subject to the same licence, registration, and safe handling requirements that apply to conventional firearm. A Airsoft (bb) gun may be imported if it meets the required markings. An airsoft gun that, is obviously a child's toy (e.g. made out of clear plastic), that only fires a very light pellet (less than 2g) no faster than 152.4 m/s (500 ft/s) would not be classified as a firearm under the Canadian Firearms Act. In Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec, the minimum age to purchase an airsoft gun is 18. Children under that age are still able to use

"Gun laws in Michigan"
on criminal history, mental health history, or other disqualifying factor. A person must be at least 18 years old to purchase a long gun from a federal dealer or a private seller under Michigan law. Only Michigan residents may purchase pistols (meaning firearms that are 26 inches or less in length) in Michigan. Residents of any state may purchase long guns in Michigan and Michigan residents may purchase long guns in any state NON-CPL Holders Only that are buying a pistol from a private seller: An individual must apply to their local police or sheriff's department for a purchase license

"Gun laws in Australia"
years (or 10 years in the Northern Territory and South Australia). Full licence-holders must be 18 years of age; minor's permits allow the use of a firearm under adult supervision by those as young as 12 in most states. Handguns may be obtained by target shooters, primary producers in some states and certain security guards after serving a probationary six-month period with a shooting club. Restricted weapons include military weapons, high-capacity semi-automatic rifles and pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns holding more than 5 rounds. A 2017 study commissioned by Gun Control Australia claimed that Australian states had significantly weakened gun laws

"Coming of age"
in Alabama, Alaska and Utah; and 21 in California, New Jersey, Oregon, Hawaii and Maine. Multiple localities have also raised the minimum purchase age independent of state laws. In Canada, a person aged 16 and over can legally drive a car and work, but are only considered to be an adult at age 18 like in the US. In most provinces, the legal age to purchase alcohol and cigarettes is 19, except in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec where it is 18 years old. In Spain during the 19th century, there was a civilian coming of age bound to the compulsory

"Gun laws in Canada"
firearms and other controlled items must be: Other controlled items being stored in a dwelling place must be securely locked in a container or receptacle that cannot be easily broken into, unless the agency has provided other instructions in writing. By law, a potential customer must be 18 years of age or older to purchase a firearm or legally maintain possession of one. People under the age of 18 but over the age of 12 may procure a minor’s licence, which does not allow them to purchase a firearm but allows them to borrow a firearm unsupervised and purchase ammunition.

formal definition of an Airsoft gun is a recreational firearm reproduction (a""replica"" have a different legal application under the same law). However, in order to be characterized as a recreational firearm reproduction, its muzzle energy must not exceed 1.3 J (equivalent to a muzzle velocity of 374 fps with a 0,2g BB). The minimum age to purchase and use these reproductions is 18 years old but can drop to 16 if a written parental consent is issued. Under the same act, to purchase and operate an Airsoft gun, one must be a member of an APD - Sport Promotion Association.

"Overview of gun laws by nation"
a firearm is 18 years. A separate permit that allows carrying of a concealed firearm, with all the same requirements, is available to those aged 21 and over. Certain kinds of firearms and ammunition, such as automatic firearms, long guns whose barrels have been shortened, or armor-piercing rounds, are prohibited even for licensed gun owners. In the United States, gun laws are found in a number of federal statutes, enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, and most state constitutions

"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961"
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was a scheduled flight serving the route Addis Ababa–Nairobi–Brazzaville–Lagos–Abidjan. On 23 November 1996, the aircraft serving the flight, a Boeing 767-200ER, was hijacked en route from Addis Ababa to Nairobi by three Ethiopians seeking asylum in Australia. The plane crash-landed in the Indian Ocean near Grande Comore, Comoros Islands, due to fuel exhaustion; 125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board, including the three hijackers, died. The only (partially) successful ditching of a wide-body airliner in history, the crash was captured on video. The aircraft involved in the crash was a

"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409"
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 was an international commercial flight scheduled from Beirut to Addis Ababa that crashed into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after takeoff from Rafic Hariri International Airport on 25 January 2010, killing all 90 people on board. This was the first fatal crash for Ethiopian Airlines since the hijack of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 in 1996. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-8AS, registration ET-ANB, s/n 29935. It had its maiden flight on 18 January 2002, and was delivered new to Ryanair on 4 February 2002 as EI-CSW. Stored in , Ethiopian Airlines took

some ten degrees; the left engine and wingtip struck the water first. The engine acted as a scoop and struck a coral reef, slowing that side of the aircraft quickly and causing the Boeing 767 to suddenly tilt left. The rest of the aircraft then entered the water unevenly, causing it to break apart. Except for the rear part of the airframe, the broken portions of the fuselage sank rapidly. Many passengers died because they inflated their life jackets in the cabin, causing them to be trapped inside by the rising water. Island residents and tourists, including a group of

delivery of the aircraft on 12 September 2009, leased from CIT Aerospace. Provided with twin CFM56-7B26 powerplants, the airframe last underwent maintenance checks on 25 December 2009 without any technical problems found. It was old at the time the accident took place. The Boeing 737 took-off from runway 21 at Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport in stormy weather, with 82 passengers and eight crew members on board. The METAR data indicated wind speeds of out of varying directions and thunderstorms in the vicinity of the airport. The aircraft climbed to turned sharply towards the left, stalled, and crashed into the Mediterranean

"Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents"
Lockheed L-100 Hercules. The airline most infamous accident occurred in , when a hijacked Boeing 767-200ER crashed into the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the Comoros Islands, due to fuel starvation, killing 125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board. The second deadliest episode took place in and involved a Boeing 737-800 that had just departed Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport and crashed into the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Lebanon; there were 90 people on board, of whom none survived. The crash of a Boeing 737-200 at Bahir Dar Airport in ranks as the carrier third deadliest

"Yemenia Flight 626"
Yemenia Flight 626 Yemenia Flight 626 was an Airbus A310-324 twin-engine jet airliner, operated by Yemenia, flying a scheduled international service from Sana'a, Yemen, to Moroni, Comoros, that crashed on 30 June 2009 at around 1:50 am local time (22:50 on 29 June, UTC) while on approach to Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew on board. The sole survivor, 14-year-old Bahia Bakari, was found clinging to wreckage, after floating in the ocean for thirteen hours. Bakari was discharged from the hospital on 23 July 2009. The final report on the incident

"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604"
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604 was a scheduled Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara flight, that caught fire during a belly landing at Bahir Dar Airport, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, on 15 September 1988. The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 737-260, registration ET-AJA, delivered new to Ethiopian Airlines. At the time of the accident the aircraft was less than a year old. On , the aircraft was scheduled to operate the second leg of a domestic Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara passenger service with 98 passengers and 6 crew members on board. Both engines of the aircraft ingested a flock

pilot and copilot. The passengers originated from 36 countries. The passenger manifest (including hijackers but not crew members) follows: The dead passenger count includes the three hijackers. Of the passengers, 42 originated in Bombay, including: The rest of the passengers originated in Addis Ababa. Of the 175 passengers and crew members, 125 were killed, including the three hijackers. According to the accident report, all six surviving crew members and 38 passengers received serious injuries, two passengers received minor injuries, and four passengers received no injuries. One passenger, an Ethiopian, was identified as a child on the manifest; this passenger was

"Flash Airlines Flight 604"
Flash Airlines Flight 604 Flash Airlines Flight 604 was a charter flight provided by Egyptian private charter company Flash Airlines. On 3 January 2004, the Boeing 737-300 that was operating the route crashed into the Red Sea shortly after takeoff from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport, killing all 135 passengers, most of whom were French tourists, and all thirteen crew members. The findings of the crash investigation were controversial, with accident investigators from the different countries involved unable to agree on the cause of the accident. The accident airplane was a Boeing 737-3Q8 powered by two CFM56-3 engines. It was

"Boeing 767"
Airport in Busan, South Korea. The crash resulted in the death of 129 of the 166 people on board, and the cause was attributed to pilot error. The 767 has been involved in six hijackings, three resulting in loss of life, for a combined total of 282 occupant fatalities. On November 23, 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a 767-200ER, was hijacked and crash-landed in the Indian Ocean near the Comoros Islands after running out of fuel, killing 125 out of the 175 persons on board; survivors have been rare among instances of land-based aircraft ditching on water. Two 767s were

"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief"
in Mission, British Columbia. Additional exterior scenes were filmed on location in Brooklyn, New York during the first week of August 2009. Digital intermediate work began in San Francisco in November 2009. Christophe Beck composed the score. Columbus has stated that the cast was chosen specifically with sequels in mind. ""I think with Percy Jackson it was a matter of finding the right cast to fit into these roles, sort of the perfect cast for these roles, because hopefully, God willing, we will go on to do other Percy Jackson films and you want the cast to grow with their

to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver. Portions of the film were shot at the Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, that has a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens. The Lotus Casino sequence was filmed at The Westin Bayshore Hotel in Vancouver in June 2009, and additional scenes of Percy, Grover and Annabeth driving to and from the casino were shot on the Las Vegas Strip and in front of the Fremont Street Experience. Filming wrapped up on the morning of July 25, 2009,

"Gladiator (2000 film)"
and remaining height were added digitally). The replica took several months to build and cost an estimated $1 million. The reverse side of the complex supplied a rich assortment of Ancient Roman street furniture, colonnades, gates, statuary, and marketplaces for other filming requirements. The complex was serviced by tented ""costume villages"" that had changing rooms, storage, armorers, and other facilities. The rest of the Colosseum was created in computer-generated imagery using set-design blueprints and textures referenced from live action, and rendered in three layers to provide lighting flexibility for compositing in Flame and Inferno software. British post-production company The Mill

"Percy Jackson (film series)"
the movie will film between April 26, 2012 - July 11, 2012 with scenes being filmed in Vancouver, B.C. and New Orleans, Louisiana. Filming wrapped up in July 2012, but then started again in January 2013 for reshoots. Filming was officially wrapped up on January 20, 2013. In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver. The film was released on February 12, 2010 and was met with mixed reviews upon release and was a commercial success

(1998). Subsequently, the scenes of slavery, desert travel, and gladiatorial training school were shot in Ouarzazate, Morocco, just south of the Atlas Mountains over a further three weeks. To construct the arena where Maximus has his first fights, the crew used basic materials and local building techniques to manufacture the 30,000-seat mud brick arena. Finally, the scenes of Ancient Rome were shot over a period of nineteen weeks in Fort Ricasoli, Malta. In Malta, a replica of about one-third of Rome's Colosseum was built, to a height of 52 feet (15.8 meters), mostly from plaster and plywood (the other two-thirds

"The 300 Spartans"
The 300 Spartans The 300 Spartans is a 1962 CinemaScope epic film depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. Made with the cooperation of the Greek government, it was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. The working title was ""Lion of Sparta"". It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas, Sir Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes, with Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon providing the requisite romantic element in the film. Greek warriors, led by 300 Spartans, fight against a Persian army of almost limitless size. Despite

February 12, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. The film cost $95 million to make. In its opening weekend in North America, it ranked number two at the box office, making $38.8 million. Though it received mixed reviews from critics, the film grossed $226.4 million worldwide. The film was released on June 29, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. A video game based on the film developed by Activision was released for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. A sequel, """", was released on August 7, 2013. In New York City, Zeus and Poseidon meet at the top

the framework of the plot. Over six weeks, production members scouted various locations within the extent of the Roman Empire before its collapse, including Italy, France, North Africa, and England. All of the film's props, sets, and costumes were manufactured by crew members due to high costs and unavailability of the items. One hundred suits of steel armour and 550 suits in polyurethane were made by Rod Vass and his company Armordillo. The unique sprayed-polyurethane system was developed by Armordillo and pioneered for this production. Over a three-month period, 27,500 component pieces of armor were made. The film was shot

"Percy Jackson & the Olympians"
""the reality of the tale"", claiming that ""monsters in the St. Louis Arch"" and ""the entrance to Olympus in New York"" were unimaginable, despite Riordan's explanations of why he chose these certain locations. However, studies show that overall, readers appreciated the mundane language, witty tone and aesthetic plot of the novels, as well as how it introduced Greek mythology to them. These films have been made from the books: Chris Columbus directed and produced ""Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief"" for 20th Century Fox through 1492 Pictures. The film was released in 2010 in the United States, Canada

"Olympus Has Fallen"
Has Fallen"" was directed by Antoine Fuqua, based on a script by Creighton Rothenberger and Katrin Benedikt in their first screenwriting effort. The production company Millennium Films acquired the spec script in March 2012, and Gerard Butler was cast later in the month as the star. The rest of the characters were cast throughout June and July. In 2012, Millennium Films competed against Sony Pictures, which was producing ""White House Down"" (also about a takeover of the White House) to complete casting and to begin filming. Filming began in Shreveport, Louisiana, in mid-July 2012. Because ""Olympus Has Fallen"" was filmed

"The Vampire Diaries"
The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006; the first season averaged 3.60 million viewers. It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by ""Arrow"". The show has

on the run and finds safe haven in New Orleans where he runs into Klaus. On October 31, 2013, DC Comics launched a comic book series based on the TV show. The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any

"The Vampire Diaries (season 4)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 4) ""The Vampire Diaries"", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a fourth season by the U.S. channel The CW on May 3, 2012, seven days before the third season's finale. Unlike the previous seasons that aired in September, it premiered on October 11, 2012, to avoid competition from major television shows. Season 4 consisted of 23 episodes instead of the usual 22 episodes. On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on the Originals, titled ""The Originals"" will air on April 25 for series pick-up. On April 26, 2013, The

"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)"
character Jenna Sommers was killed off in the previous season. Joseph Morgan's character Klaus became a series regular instead of returning as a recurring character. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On April 26, 2011, The CW officially renewed ""The Vampire Diaries"" for a third season. On May 19, 2011, with the reveal of The CW's 2011-12 schedule, it was announced the series would stay on Thursday's at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central as a lead-in to ""The Secret Circle"" which is also produced by Kevin Williamson. Kevin Williamson, Julie Plec, Leslie Morgenstein and Bob Levy are executive producers for the series. The third season

and returned for season 8. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed the series for an eighth season, but on July 23, 2016, announced that the eighth season, which would have 16 episodes, would be the show's last. The final season began airing on October 21, 2016 and ended March 10, 2017. The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century. It follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who has just lost both

received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards. On April 26, 2013, The CW officially announced that the spin-off ""The Originals"", which focuses on the Original family of vampires, had been ordered to series, and the show began airing during the 2013–14 American television season. On April 6, 2015, lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino (who plays Tyler Lockwood) would be leaving the show after its sixth season. Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale. Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven

2010. On April 26, 2011, The CW renewed the show for a third season. The third season premiered on September 15, 2011. The fourth season premiered October 11, 2012. The CW renewed the show for a fifth season on February 11, 2013. On February 13, 2014, The CW renewed the series for a sixth season. On January 11, 2015, the CW renewed the series for a seventh season. President of The CW, Mark Pedowitz, said in an interview at the summer TCA's that ""The Vampire Diaries"" didn't receive an extra episode order for the second season at the request of

The Vampire Diaries (season 3) ""The Vampire Diaries"", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was officially renewed for a third season by The CW on April 26, 2011, that aired from September 15, 2011, to May 10, 2012. The third season consisted of 22 episodes and focused on the story of Klaus' origin, his relation with his family and reveal more about the original family. The third season opened to generally positive reviews. The season takes a gap from the last season and begins with Elena Gilbert's 18th birthday with all series regulars returning with the exception of Sara Canning whose

"I Heart Vampires"
vampire. ""Webby Awards:"" ""Streamy Award:"" I Heart Vampires I Heart Vampires (Often stylized as I <3 Vampires) is a web television series produced by Take180 (a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company). The series consists of a first season of 22 episodes which ran from March 19, 2009 until September 11, 2009, a second season of 20 episodes which premiered on January 28, 2010, as well as two derivative series that run concurrently with the second season, and concluded on June 4, 2010. The series is well received, and is the first non-variety sketch show on the site to make

Kevin Williamson. Kevin Williamson felt to do the best show possible, he would rather do 22 episodes. ""I'd rather have a great 22 than a good 24 if Kevin couldn't do it,"" he explained. The first writers meeting for the fifth season held on April 15, 2013. Filming began on July 10, 2013, and finished on April 10, 2014. On July 23, 2016, it was announced that show would end after a 16-episode eighth season. ""The Vampire Diaries"" initially received mixed reviews, which through the course of the show improved greatly. Metacritic gave the show a Metascore of 50 (out

"Dragon Ball Z"
It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Because Toriyama was writing the manga during the production of the anime, ""Dragon Ball Z"" added original material not adapted from the manga, including lengthening scenes or adding new ones, and adding new attacks and characters not present in the manga. For example, Toriyama was asked to create an additional character for Goku's training with King Kai, resulting in the cricket Gregory. Throughout the production, the voice actors were tasked with

Edition,"" which collects three individual volumes into a single large volume. However, in 2013 Viz began publishing new 3-in-1 volumes collecting the entire manga series, including what they previously released as ""Dragon Ball Z"", under the ""Dragon Ball"" name. The ""Dragon Ball Z"" films comprise a total of 15 entries as of 2015. The first 13 films were typically released every March and July during the series' original run in accordance with the spring and summer vacations of Japanese schools. They were typically double features paired up with other anime films, and were thus, usually an hour or less in

"Dragon Ball"
the manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Two television specials based on the ""Z"" series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first, ""The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Freeza -- Son Goku's Father~"", renamed """" by Funimation, was shown on October 17, 1990. The second special, ""Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks"", renamed """" by Funimation, is based on a special chapter of the

manga. He said the reception to ""Kai"" was positive and Bandai had a hit with a card game, so it all worked out. The series initially concluded with the finale of the Cell arc, as opposed to including the Majin Buu arc. It was originally planned to run 98 episodes, however, due to the Tōhoku offshore earthquake and tsunami, the final episode of ""Dragon Ball Kai"" was not aired and the series ended on its 97th episode in Japan on March 27, 2011. The 98th episode was later released direct-to-video in Japan on August 2, 2011. In November 2012, Mayumi

length. These films themselves offer contradictions in both chronology and design that make them incompatible with a single continuity. All 15 films were licensed in North America by Funimation, and all have received in-house dubs by the company. Prior to Funimation, the third film was a part of the short-lived Saban syndication, being split into three episodes, and the first three films received uncut English dubs in 1998 produced by Funimation with Ocean Studios and released by Pioneer. Several of the films have been broadcast on Cartoon Network and Nicktoons in the United States, Toonami UK in the United Kingdom

previously used a similar Vancouver-based voice cast in their short-lived 1995 dub of ""Dragon Ball""). Saban musicians Ron Wasserman and Jeremy Sweet, known for their work on the ""Power Rangers"" franchise, composed a new background score and theme song (nicknamed ""Rock the Dragon""). Funimation's initial English dub of ""Dragon Ball Z"" had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 67 episodes into 53. It premiered in the United States on September 13, 1996 in first-run syndication, but halted production in 1998 after two seasons. This was due to Saban scaling down its syndication operations, in order to

"Dragon Tales"
problematic behavior, then counselors analyzed the video footage and provided specific tips to the parents, who all reported significantly improved behavior two months later. The researchers also discovered from their work on the series that children often think in pictures and that visual aids are often helpful. ""Dragon Tales"" aired a total of 93 episodes, 40 in its first season, 24 in its second season and 29 in its third season. Each episode featured two original stories, aired back-to-back, split by the interstitial song segment ""Dragon Tunes,"" all of which were eventually released on the show's music albums. Almost all

which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. Toriyama's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: ""Dragon Ball"" and ""Dragon Ball Z"", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled ""Dragon Ball GT"" (1996–1997) and ""Dragon Ball Super"" (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version of ""Dragon Ball Z""

The opening theme, ""Dragon Soul"", and the first ending theme used for the first 54 episodes, ""Yeah! Break! Care! Break!"", are both performed by Takayoshi Tanimoto. The second ending theme, used from episodes 55–98, is performed by Team Dragon, a unit of the idol girl group AKB48. On March 9, 2011, Toei announced that due to Yamamoto's score infringing on the rights of an unknown third party or parties, the music for remaining episodes and reruns of previous episodes would be replaced. Later reports from Toei stated that with the exception of the series' opening and closing songs, as well

errors in the script were caused by dashes (—) and double-quotes ("") failing to appear, which resulted in confusing dialogue. Shunsuke Kikuchi composed the score for ""Dragon Ball Z"". The opening theme for the first 199 episodes is ""Cha-La Head-Cha-La"" performed by Hironobu Kageyama. The second opening theme used up until the series finale at episode 291 is ""We Gotta Power"" also performed by Kageyama. The ending theme used for the first 199 episodes is performed by MANNA. The second ending theme used for the remaining episodes is performed by Kageyama. Kenji Yamamoto composed the score for ""Dragon Ball Kai"".

"Wonder (film)"
had departed from the project. In October 2014, John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film, though in April 2015, Paul King was hired to direct instead. Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time. On April 14, 2016, Jacob Tremblay was cast to play the lead role, Auggie Pullman, while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie's mother. On May 5, 2016, Roberts' casting was confirmed, and Stephen Chbosky was set as the film's director. On June 27, 2016, Owen Wilson joined to play Auggie's father. On July 11, 2016, newcomer Noah Jupe joined the cast

the disease as Auggie as undermining the film's message. Wonder (film) Wonder is a 2017 American comedy-drama film, directed by Stephen Chbosky, written by Jack Thorne, Steve Conrad, and Chbosky, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R. J. Palacio, and starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, Jacob Tremblay, Mandy Patinkin, and Daveed Diggs. The film, which follows a boy with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in, was released in the United States on November 17, 2017, by Lionsgate. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and grossed $305 million worldwide on a $20 million budget.

Wonder (film) Wonder is a 2017 American comedy-drama film, directed by Stephen Chbosky, written by Jack Thorne, Steve Conrad, and Chbosky, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R. J. Palacio, and starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, Jacob Tremblay, Mandy Patinkin, and Daveed Diggs. The film, which follows a boy with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in, was released in the United States on November 17, 2017, by Lionsgate. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and grossed $305 million worldwide on a $20 million budget. At the 90th Academy Awards, the film was nominated

as Auggie's best friend at school, and on July 15, 2016, Daveed Diggs was cast as Mr. Browne, an English teacher at the school. On August 19, 2016, Sônia Braga joined the cast, portraying the role of Roberts's character's mother. Tremblay's prosthetic makeup, designed and created by Arjen Tuiten, took an hour and a half to apply. It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached, a facial prosthetic that covered Tremblay's face, and a wig to tie it all together. Marcelo Zarvos composed the film's score. Filming took place in several locations in British Columbia, Canada, and Coney

for Best Makeup and Hairstyling. (Jacob Tremblay) is a 10-year-old boy living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan, New York, with his mother Isabel (Julia Roberts), father Nate (Owen Wilson), older sister Olivia ""Via"" (Izabela Vidovic), and dog Daisy. He has a rare medical facial deformity, which he refers to as ""mandibulofacial dysostosis"", and has undergone 27 different surgeries as a result. Auggie has been home-schooled, but as he approaches fifth grade, his parents decide to enroll him in Beecher Prep, a private school. Before the school year begins, Auggie meets with Mr. Tushman (Mandy Patinkin), the principal, who

arranges a tour for him with three other students: Jack Will (Noah Jupe), Julian Albans (Bryce Gheisar), and Charlotte Cody (Elle McKinnon). When school starts, Auggie is initially ostracized by nearly the entire student body, but soon forms a close friendship with Jack. For Halloween, Auggie dresses in a Ghostface mask and cloak when Daisy ruins the Boba Fett costume he was planning to wear. He walks through school upbeat and confident due to the anonymity his costume affords him. However, as he enters his homeroom, he overhears Jack, who does not recognize him, joining in with Julian and his

a romantic relationship. Via is selected to be an understudy for Miranda in the lead role in the school's production of ""Our Town"", but on opening night, Miranda, whose divorced parents are not there to support her, pretends to be ill after learning Via's family is attending. Via takes her place and gives a moving performance that earns her a standing ovation. Via and Miranda then reconcile. Auggie continues to be bullied by Julian and his friends. Finally, Auggie's homeroom teacher, Mr. Browne (Daveed Diggs), discovers the bullying, and Mr. Tushman confronts Julian and his parents (Crystal Lowe and Steve

accepted by his classmates. At the year-end graduation ceremony, Auggie is given the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for standing out among his classmates and receives a standing ovation. The movie ends with everyone applauding Auggie, and Isabel commenting on him being a ""wonder"". On November 27, 2012, it was announced that Lionsgate was developing a feature film adaptation of R. J. Palacio's debut novel ""Wonder"", and were in talks with John August to write the screenplay. Mandeville Films' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman produced the film. On May 8, 2013, Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel after August

"Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium"
Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium is a 2007 Canadian–American family/children's fantasy comedy film written and directed by Zach Helm, produced by FilmColony, Mandate Pictures, Walden Media, Richard N. Gladstein and James Garavente and music composed by Alexandre Desplat and Aaron Zigman. The film stars Dustin Hoffman as the owner of a magical toy store, and Natalie Portman as his store employee. Also starring Jason Bateman as the mutant accountant and Zach Mills as the hat collector and his store volunteer. The film was theatrically released on November 16, 2007 by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $69.5

"Boy Wonder (film)"
Boy Wonder (film) Boy Wonder is a 2010 American psychological thriller about vigilantism. The film was written and directed by Michael Morrissey and stars Caleb Steinmeyer, Zulay Henao, Bill Sage, Tracy Middendorf, Daniel Stewart Sherman, Chuck Cooper, and James Russo. A young boy named Sean Donovan lives with his mother and abusive alcoholic father. A carjacker attacks his family one night, which results in his mother's murder. Afterward, his father Terry moves them to a nicer neighborhood. Ten years later, Sean is an excellent student but is antisocial and distant from his peers. He sees abuse in everyday arguments among

"Prime Minister of Australia"
prime minister, otherwise William McMahon63. Robert Menzies was the oldest person to ever be prime minister, leaving office at 71 years old. The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively. The shortest-serving Prime Minister was Frank Forde, who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of

"Politics of Australia"
party, the Australian Greens, the largest of the minor parties; a centrist party, Centre Alliance; a nationalist party, Pauline Hanson's One Nation; and an anti-privatisation party, Katter's Australian Party. Other significant parties in recent years have included the Palmer United Party, the socially conservative Family First Party, and the socially liberal Australian Democrats, among others. Since federation, there have been 30 Prime Ministers of Australia. The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies of the Liberal Party, who served for 19 years from 1939–41, and again from 1949–66. The only other Prime Minister to serve for longer than a decade

"Barton Government"
selected as Australia's first Governor-General, and the appointment of the first Cabinet was put in train. Edmund Barton became the newly Federated Australian nation's first Prime Minister at a grand ceremony in Centennial Park, Sydney, on 1 January 1901. He and his cabinet were sworn in by Australia's first Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun before an estimated crowd of 250,000 people. Hopetoun had first offered the position to the Premier of New South Wales Sir William Lyne (an opponent of Federation), but the other members of Cabinet and the general population saw Barton as the logical choice. The appointment was temporary, to

the governing party or senior coalition party elects an alternative party leader. This has resulted in the party leaders from the Country Party (now named National Party) being appointed as Prime Minister, despite being the smaller party of their coalition. This occurred when Earle Page became caretaker Prime Minister following the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939, and when John McEwen became caretaker Prime Minister following the disappearance of Harold Holt in 1967. However in 1941, Arthur Fadden became the leader of the Coalition and subsequently Prime Minister by the agreement of both coalition parties, despite being the leader of

"Edmund Barton"
after Barton. The Division of Barton in New South Wales is named after him, as is Barton, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra close to Capital Hill which is the location of many government departments and national institutions, and the headquarters of Australia's main political parties. The Edmund Barton Building is a government office building in that suburb. The Barton College of Deakin University is also named after Barton. Edmund Barton Sir Edmund ""Toby"" Barton, (18 January 18497 January 1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901

"Billy Hughes"
Billy Hughes William Morris Hughes, (25 September 186228 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1915 to 1923. He is best known for leading the country during World War I, but his influence on national politics spanned several decades. Hughes was a member of federal parliament from Federation in 1901 until his death, the only person to have served for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three. Hughes was born in London to Welsh parents.

"Premiers of the Australian states"
to escape his creditors in 1890, and Queensland Premier Sir Thomas McIlwraith was notoriously corrupt. The rise of Labor forced the colonies to move towards a two-party system of Labor versus non-Labor, although state politics remained more personalised and less ideological than national politics for many years. The first minority Labor government was formed by Anderson Dawson in Queensland in 1899, and the first majority Labor government was led by James McGowen in New South Wales in 1910. Since about 1910 state politics have followed much the same party pattern as Australian national politics (see Politics of Australia). Since 1952,

of a national constitution, and was one of the lead campaigners for federation in the subsequent referendums. In late 1900, despite the initial ""Hopetoun Blunder"", Barton was commissioned to form a caretaker government as Australia's first prime minister. His term began on 1 January 1901, the date on which federation occurred. At the first federal elections in March 1901, Barton and the Protectionists won the most seats, but were well short of a majority. He was able to continue on as a prime minister by forming an alliance with the fledgling Labor Party, which held the balance of power. The

John Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party. The last Prime Minister to serve out a full government term in the office was John Howard, who won the 2004 election and led his party to the 2007 election, but lost. Since then, the five subsequent Prime Ministers have been either voted out of the office mid-term by the caucuses of their own parties, assumed the office mid-term under such circumstances, or both. Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The

"Chris Watson"
Chris Watson John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country. First elected to the Parliament of New South Wales seat of Young from the 1894 colonial

"Joseph May"
Joseph May Joseph May (born 16 June 1974) is a British-born Canadian actor, voice actor and singer who has appeared in television and film. Born in Southampton, Hampshire, England and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May returned to the UK to study at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Most recognisable to British television viewers as the gay nurse Sam Colloby's unemployed partner, Paul, in ""Casualty"" during its twelfth season, Joseph also starred in the final season of sci-fi series, ""Bugs"" as the naive and misguided Adam Mosby around the same time. He has also appeared in

"George Webster (actor)"
George Webster (actor) George Webster (born 28 June 1991) is an English actor who is best known for his lead as Milo in E4's British mini-series ""Tripped"" (2015), his supporting role as Arden in the Irish independent film ""My Name Is Emily"" (2015) and Simon Mirren's French-Canadian period series, ""Versailles"" (2017). He has also directed two films: the short film ""The Punisher: Dead of Night"" (2012) and the British comedy ""Further Ed"" (2017). After starting out studying film making and directing various short films, he made the transition into acting and has since been seen in Jamie Patterson's ""City of

"Christopher Liam Moore"
Christopher Liam Moore Christopher Liam Moore (born June 12, 1964, Salem, Massachusetts), an American actor noted for his theatre work and his role as Richard in the sitcom ""10 Items or Less"". He graduated from Harvard College in 1986. Moore and his partner and fellow actor and director Bill Rauch co-founded the Cornerstone Theatre Company in 1986. The acting company has been based in Los Angeles since 1992. Moore stars in the TBS television series ""10 Items or Less"". He also starred in an episode of ""Friends""; series 5 episode 5 ""The One with the Kips"" as the Hotel Clerk.

"Kevin Bishop"
Kevin Bishop Kevin Brian Bishop (born 18 June 1980) is an English comedian, actor, writer and star of ""The Kevin Bishop Show"", which he co-wrote with Lee Hupfield. Bishop's first role was in ""Grange Hill"". His second role, at age 16, was as Ben Quayle in ""Silent Witness"". He played Stupid Brian in ""My Family""; he appeared in three episodes. He starred in ""Muppet Treasure Island"" as Jim Hawkins. In 2002, he played Dick in the pantomime, ""Dick Whittington"". In 2005, he portrayed the late comedian Dudley Moore onstage in """", a drama charting Moore's turbulent relationship with Peter Cook,

"Adam Rayner"
Adam Rayner Adam Chance Angus Rayner (born 28 August 1977) is an English actor, who has appeared on television in ""Mistresses"", ""At Home with the Braithwaites"" and ""Making Waves"". He has also appeared on stage in ""The Rivals"" (Bristol Old Vic, 2004), ""Romeo and Juliet"" (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 2006) and ""Much Ado About Nothing"" (Novello, 2006). He made an appearance as 'Dr. Gail' in the 2010 Christmas Special 'The Perfect Christmas' episode of the award winning BBC sitcom ""Miranda"" alongside Sally Phillips, Miranda Hart, Tom Ellis, Sarah Hadland and Patricia Hodge, and his character returned in the fourth episode of

"Matthew Werkmeister"
read. Of his judging role Werkmeister said ""Finding the time is the difficult part but some of the books are great so the reading part has been fun."" In 2009, Werkmeister was shortlisted for two Logie Awards. He was nominated for ""Most Popular Actor"" alongside fellow cast members Steve Bastoni (Steve Parker), Alan Fletcher (Karl Kennedy), Ryan Moloney (Toadfish Rebecchi) and Ian Smith (Harold Bishop). He was also shortlisted for ""Most Popular Personality on TV"" alongside fellow cast members Pippa Black (Elle Robinson), Carla Bonner (Stephanie Scully) and Tom Oliver (Lou Carpenter). 2010 saw Werkmeister shortlisted for ""Most Popular Actor""

"Unusually Thicke"
Unusually Thicke Unusually Thicke is a Canadian-American mockumentary television series, which premiered in 2014. Billed as a ""reality-sitcom hybrid"", the series combines a reality television format with improvisational comedy to present a fictionalized portrayal of the family life of actor Alan Thicke. The core cast consists of Thicke, his wife Tanya Callau and his teenage son Carter. His adult sons, businessman Brennan Thicke and pop singer Robin Thicke, make some appearances but are not full-time cast members. Guest performers in the series have included Bob Saget, David Hasselhoff, Wayne Gretzky, John Stamos, Bill Maher and Thicke's former ""Growing Pains"" co-stars

"Ed (TV series)"
Ed (TV series) Ed is an NBC television program co-produced by David Letterman's Worldwide Pants Incorporated, NBC Productions and Viacom Productions that aired from 2000 to 2004. The hour-long comedy-drama starred Tom Cavanagh as Edward Jeremy Stevens, the title character, Julie Bowen as his love interest Carol Phyllis Vessey, Josh Randall as his friend Dr. Mike Burton, Jana Marie Hupp as Mike's wife Nancy, Lesley Boone as their friend Molly Hudson, and Justin Long as awkward high-school student Warren Cheswick. Other supporting cast members included Michael Genadry and Ginnifer Goodwin as Warren's friends Mark and Diane, and Michael Ian Black,

"Matthew Buchanan"
to costar Hillary B. Smith, Alderson's casting was a bit unconventional. She revealed during an interview that at the time, Sheaffer was having trouble with the role. Alderson at the time was just a kid who hung around the studio because of his sister being on set. Some of a crew members, including Smith recommended Alderson as the new Matthew and then executive producer, Gary Tomlin agreed. After seven years on a recurring basis, Alderson signed a long term contract in December 2008. Alderson departed from the series on August 10, 2011. In October 2011, Alderson revealed that he had

"21 Guns (song)"
place with the band and the album's two protagonists Christian (Josh Boswell) and Gloria (Lisa Stelly) taking refuge in a white room after robbing a bank. The police arrive outside the room and open fire through the window, to the couple's terror. As bullets rain through the room, the band continues playing. Gloria picks up the phone and throws it into a fish tank. As the bullets continue to fly and tear apart the room, Christian and Gloria become calm and walk toward each other, unharmed by the bullets. They embrace and kiss as the room goes dark, recreating the

guitarist Jason White performing with the band, following ""Wake Me Up When September Ends"" and ""Working Class Hero"". He is also seen briefly in the music videos for ""When I Come Around"" and ""Jesus of Suburbia"" but he is not performing with the band. After spending the previous week at number 3, the video peaked at number one on VH1 Top 20 Countdown on August 22, 2009 and again on September 19, 2009. It also won Best Rock Video (Green Day), Best Direction (Marc Webb) and Best Cinematography (Jonathan Sela) for the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. The video takes

""American Idiot"". The recording was produced by Billie Joe Armstrong. The recording with Armstrong singing the male solo parts was released on December 3 to Spinner.com and also released for digital download on December 22. The video was released February 1. The second version of the song with the cast of American Idiot features Stark Sands, John Gallagher Jr., and Michael Esper singing their respective solos instead of Armstrong. It was performed with Armstrong singing lead male vocals at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Green Day released a live EP for the song including live performances of ""Welcome to Paradise"", ""Brain

"The Naked Gun"
McGurk Jr., III"" at the jail where Dillon is being held, and they break out of jail. Outside they are escorted by Dillon's gangster mother (Kathleen Freeman) to his country retreat, where Frank also meets Rocco's voluptuous moll (Anna Nicole Smith). The gang plots to blow up the Academy Awards. When Jane arrives looking for Frank, she is taken hostage. On December 13, 2013, Paramount announced that a reboot of the franchise was in development, with Ed Helms starring as Drebin and Thomas Lennon and Ben Garant co-writing the screenplay. However, on January 11, 2014, Garant stated that the film

"21 Jump Street (film)"
humanities, and Schmidt taking mostly science classes, but the duo mixes up their identities. Schmidt gets a lead on HFS from classmate Molly (Brie Larson), and he and Jenko meet the school's main dealer, popular student Eric (Dave Franco). The two take HFS in front of him to maintain their cover. After experiencing the drug's effects, the duo discovers that Schmidt's intelligence now makes him popular, while Jenko's lax attitude is frowned upon. Eric takes a liking to Schmidt, who develops a romantic interest in Molly. Jenko becomes friends with the students in his AP Chemistry class and finds himself

"Shantel VanSanten"
Shantel VanSanten Shantel VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American model and actress. As a model, she has been featured in the magazines ""Teen Vogue"" and ""Seventeen"". On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the CW teen drama series ""One Tree Hill"", recurred as Detective Patty Spivot in the CW show ""The Flash"", and stars as Julie Swagger the wife of lead character Bob Lee Swagger on the USA Network series ""Shooter"". On film, she has appeared in ""The Final Destination"", ""You and I"", and ""Something Wicked"". VanSanten was born in Luverne, Minnesota. She is of

"Jaclyn Corin"
Jaclyn Corin Jaclyn Corin (born October 27, 2000) is an American activist against gun violence. She is one of the leaders of the Never Again MSD activist movement and the organizer of a student protest to Tallahassee, Florida. She helped to organize the March for Our Lives nationwide demonstration in Washington and she has been a vocal critic of politicians funded by the National Rifle Association. At Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, Corin is the junior class president. In early February 2018, she had been worried about an upcoming test in biology, but this changed on February 14 because of

"Naked Weapon"
identity. A team of three CIA officers, including Jack Chen (Daniel Wu), a rookie, watch through surveillance as a sexy female assassin named Fiona Birch (Marit Thoresen) enters the man's heavily guarded apartment suite and, after having sex with him, kills him by breaking his spine with her bare hands. As she makes her escape in her white Porsche 911 GT3, her car is hit by a rocket. As the officers rush over to extricate her from the wreckage, a woman in a limousine shoots her to death. The woman in the limousine is revealed to be Madam M (Almen

"27 Guns (film)"
on for ninety days. The film trailer was released in May 2018. The film was shot in Mpigi/ Singo, Buikwe and Kampala with the cast and crew staff stationed at the locations for the entire shoot. Isaiah 60 Productions ran all the production and distribution of the film. The lead role of Yoweri Kaguta Museveni was given to Arnold Mubangizi as his debut role. Diana Museveni Kamuntu played her mother Janet Kataha Museni 27 Guns (film) 27 Guns is an action, adventure biopic film directed by Natasha Museveni Karugire. The film premiered in Kampala on September 8 2018 and was

Amy (ex-fiance to Tobey) in the final season of the hit TV show Scorpion in 2017. Shantel VanSanten Shantel VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American model and actress. As a model, she has been featured in the magazines ""Teen Vogue"" and ""Seventeen"". On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the CW teen drama series ""One Tree Hill"", recurred as Detective Patty Spivot in the CW show ""The Flash"", and stars as Julie Swagger the wife of lead character Bob Lee Swagger on the USA Network series ""Shooter"". On film, she has appeared in ""The Final

"Joker (The Dark Knight)"
Joker (The Dark Knight) The Joker is a fictional character who appears in Christopher Nolan's 2008 superhero film ""The Dark Knight"". Based upon the DC Comics character of the same name, he was played by Australian actor Heath Ledger. A psychopathic mass murderer with a sadistic sense of humor, the Joker attempts to undermine the efforts of Batman (Christian Bale), James Gordon (Gary Oldman), and Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart) to rid Gotham City of crime. The character embodies themes of chaos, anarchy and obsession: throughout the film, he expresses a desire to upset social order through crime, and defines himself

Supporting Actor in recognition of Ledger's performance in ""The Dark Knight"". Joker (The Dark Knight) The Joker is a fictional character who appears in Christopher Nolan's 2008 superhero film ""The Dark Knight"". Based upon the DC Comics character of the same name, he was played by Australian actor Heath Ledger. A psychopathic mass murderer with a sadistic sense of humor, the Joker attempts to undermine the efforts of Batman (Christian Bale), James Gordon (Gary Oldman), and Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart) to rid Gotham City of crime. The character embodies themes of chaos, anarchy and obsession: throughout the film, he expresses

"Brendon Miller"
Brendon Miller Brendon Miller (born August 30, 1976) is an American pornographic actor and musician. In 2012, Miller portrayed the Joker in ""The Dark Knight XXX"". He won the 2013 XBIZ Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film. Although he retired from performing in 2014 to focus on his music career, he returned to the industry in 2015 to reprise his role as the Joker for ""Batman v Superman XXX: An Axel Braun Parody"". Miller edits approximately half of the movies that Stormy Daniels produces. Miller is the lead singer of a band called The Wicked

"Batman Returns"
an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Director Tim Burton's dark, brooding atmosphere, Michael Keaton's work as the tormented hero, and the flawless casting of Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Christopher Walken make the sequel better than the first."" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""B"" on an A+ to F scale. Janet Maslin in ""The New York Times"" thought that ""Mr. Burton creates a wicked world of misfits, all of them rendered with the mixture of horror, sympathy and playfulness that has become this director's hallmark."" She described Michael Keaton as

"Kevin Michael Richardson"
Kevin Michael Richardson Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor, who has played a multitude of characters in animated series and video games. He is known for his distinctively deep voice and has been playing mostly villainous characters since the 1990s. For voicing the Joker in ""The Batman"" (2004–08), he was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards. A classically trained actor and a native of the Bronx, New York, Richardson first gained recognition as one of only eight U.S. high school students selected for the National Foundation for the Arts' ""Arts '82"" program.

"Batman in film"
were ""Superman vs Batman"" or ""Batman vs Superman"". On August 22, 2013, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced the casting of Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne/Batman. On January 17, 2014, it was announced that the film had been delayed from its original July 17, 2015 release date to May 6, 2016, in order to give the filmmakers ""time to realize fully their vision, given the complex visual nature of the story"". The film's release was moved again to March 25, 2016, ""avoiding a high-profile showdown with """" on May 6, 2016"". At some point prior to the events of the film, Wayne

DC Extended Universe in 2013, Ben Affleck was cast to portray Batman in the new expansive franchise, first appearing in 2016 with the Zack Snyder directed film """". The film would help begin a sequence of further DC Comics adaptations, including ""Justice League"", a crossover film featuring other DC Comics characters, in 2017, and a stand-alone Batman film starring Affleck and directed by Matt Reeves. Dante Pereira-Olson will appear as Bruce Wayne in the 2019 film ""Joker"", directed by Todd Phillips. Batman has also appeared in multiple animated films, both as a starring character and as an ensemble character. While

and has maintained a standing on IMDb.com's ""Top 250"". Christopher Nolan reprised his duties as director, and brought his brother, Jonathan, to co-write the script for the second installment. ""The Dark Knight"" featured Christian Bale reprising his role as Batman/Bruce Wayne, Heath Ledger as The Joker, and Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent / Two-Face. Principal photography began in April 2007 in Chicago and concluded in November. Other locations included Pinewood Studios, Ministry of Sound in London and Hong Kong. On January 22, 2008, after he had completed filming ""The Dark Knight"", Ledger died from a bad combination of prescription medication.

Alfred Hitchcock. On August 2, 2018, Reeves appeared on a Television Critics Association panel and revealed many details about the film. He confirmed that ""The Batman"" is an original, noir-driven story and not an origin story. He also revealed that the script is nearing completion and that the film will be set in the established DCEU continuity. Affleck is still involved with the film and will also be a producer. The film is scheduled to start shooting in early 2019. On October 23, 2018, Dante Pereira-Olson was cast as Bruce Wayne in the upcoming ""Joker"" film. The film will be

"Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker"
and Kevin Conroy star as Terry McGinnis and Bruce Wayne, respectively, and Mark Hamill, who voiced the Joker opposite Conroy in ""Batman: The Animated Series"" and ""The New Batman Adventures"", reprises his role. Before its release, the film was heavily edited to remove scenes of intense violence, and some dialogue was altered, thus creating the ""Not-Rated"" version of the film. The original version was subsequently released on DVD following an online petition to have the original version released. It received a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for violence, the first animated Batman film and from

when was the south asian association for regional co-operation (saarc) formed

"South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation"
of Action (IPA) initially in five agreed areas of cooperation namely, Agriculture; Rural Development; Telecommunications; Meteorology; and Health and Population Activities. Officially, the union was established in Dhaka with Kathmandu being union's secretariat-general. The first SAARC summit was held in Dhaka on 7–8 December 1985 and hosted by the President of Bangladesh Hussain Ershad. The declaration signed by King of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuk, President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi, King of Nepal Birendra Shah, President of Sri Lanka JR Jayewardene, and President of Maldives Maumoon Gayoom. Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund,

1980, it was agreed that Bangladesh would prepare the draft of a working paper for discussion among the foreign secretaries of South Asian countries. The foreign secretaries of the inner seven countries again delegated a Committee of the Whole in Colombo on September 1981, which identified five broad areas for regional cooperation. New areas of co-operation were added in the following years. In 1983, the international conference held in Dhaka by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the foreign ministers of the inner seven countries adopted the Declaration on South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and formally launched the Integrated Programme

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation <br> The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of nations in South Asia. Its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 3.8% (US$2.9 trillion) of the global economy, as of 2015. SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in

2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union. <hr color=""blue""> The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947; the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950; and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954. In the ending years of the 1970s, the seven inner South Asian nations that included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka agreed upon the creation

"South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation"
South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation or (SAZARC) is an organization for South Asian zoos and aquariums. SAZARC was established on August 4, 2000 at the first meeting of South Asian Zoos, held at Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal, initiated by the Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO). It became a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2004. SAZARC is considered the sister organization of the South East Asian Zoos Association (SEAZA), the only other regional association of zoos in Asia. The following table lists the year and venue

of all annual conferences of SAZARC. South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation or (SAZARC) is an organization for South Asian zoos and aquariums. SAZARC was established on August 4, 2000 at the first meeting of South Asian Zoos, held at Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal, initiated by the Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO). It became a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2004. SAZARC is considered the sister organization of the South East Asian Zoos Association (SEAZA), the only other regional association of zoos in Asia. The following

and bearing in mind the need to fix realistic and achievable targets. The SAFTA Agreement was signed on 6 January 2004 during Twelfth SAARC Summit held in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2006, and the Trade Liberalisation Programme commenced from 1 July 2006. Under this agreement, SAARC members will bring their duties down to 20 percent by 2009. Following the Agreement coming into force the SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC) has been established comprising the Commerce Ministers of the Member States. In 2012 the SAARC exports increased substantially to US$354.6 billion from US$206.7 billion in 2009.

current as of April 2015, and is given in US dollars. The member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC was founded by seven states in 1985. In 2005, Afghanistan began negotiating their accession to SAARC and formally applied for membership on the same year. The issue of Afghanistan joining SAARC generated a great deal of debate in each member state, including concerns about the definition of South Asian identity because Afghanistan is a Central Asian country. The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections

Union, Common Market and the Economic Union. In 1995, Sixteenth session of the Council of Ministers (New Delhi, 18–19 December 1995) agreed on the need to strive for the realisation of SAFTA and to this end, an Inter-Governmental Expert Group (IGEG) was set up in 1996 to identify the necessary steps for progressing to a free trade area. The Tenth SAARC Summit (Colombo, 29–31 July 1998) decided to set up a Committee of Experts (COE) to draft a comprehensive treaty framework for creating a free trade area within the region, taking into consideration the asymmetries in development within the region

Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Centre acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. After 31 December 2015, there 6 regional centers were stopped by unanimous decision. These are SMRC, SFC, SDC, SCZMC, SIC, SHRDC. SAARC has six Apex Bodies, they are- Amjad Hussain B. Sial is the current Secretary General of SAARC. SAARC also has about 17 recognised bodies. South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Disaster Management Centre (SDMC-IU) has been set up at Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management (GIDM) Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Eight Member States, i.e.

"The Hunger Games (novel)"
reviewers and authors. It was praised for its plot and character development. In writing ""The Hunger Games"", Collins drew upon Greek mythology, Roman gladiatorial games, and contemporary reality television for thematic content. The novel won many awards, including the California Young Reader Medal, and was named one of ""Publishers Weekly""s ""Best Books of the Year"" in 2008. ""The Hunger Games"" was first published in hardcover on September 14, 2008, by Scholastic, featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien. It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook. After an initial print of 200,000, the book

had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010. Since its release, ""The Hunger Games"" has been translated into 26 languages, and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories. The novel is the first in ""The Hunger Games"" trilogy, followed by ""Catching Fire"" (2009) and ""Mockingjay"" (2010). A film adaptation, directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself, was released in 2012. Collins has said that the inspiration for ""The Hunger Games"" came from channel surfing on television. On one channel she observed people competing on a reality show and on another she saw footage of the invasion

"The Hunger Games"
The Hunger Games The Hunger Games is a trilogy of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins. The series is set in ""The Hunger Games"" universe, and follows young characters Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark. The novels in the trilogy are titled ""The Hunger Games"" (2008), ""Catching Fire"" (2009), and ""Mockingjay"" (2010). The novels have all been developed into films starring Jennifer Lawrence, with the film adaptation of ""Mockingjay"" split into two parts. The first two books in the series were both ""New York Times"" best sellers, and ""Mockingjay"" topped all US bestseller lists upon its release.

"The Hunger Games (film)"
the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011. Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, with filming taking place in North Carolina. The film was released on March 21, 2012, in some European countries and in the US on March 23, 2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film released, it set records for opening day ($67.3

and has sold over 17.5 million copies. The novel is the first in ""The Hunger Games"" trilogy; it is followed by sequels ""Catching Fire"" (2009) and ""Mockingjay"" (2010). In March 2012, during the time of ""The Hunger Games"" film's release, Scholastic reported 26 million ""Hunger Games"" trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books. ""The Hunger Games"" (and its sequels) have sold exceptionally well in ebook format. Suzanne Collins is the first children's or young adult author to sell over one million Amazon Kindle ebooks, making her the sixth author to join the ""Kindle Million Club"". In March 2012, Amazon

added to the cast, in the roles of Peeta and Gale, respectively. Production began in late spring 2011 and the film was released on March 23, 2012. The film's opening weekend brought in a non-sequel record $152.5 million (USD) in North America. """", based on the second novel in the series, was released the following year on November 22, 2013. The Hunger Games (novel) The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the future, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America.

The Hunger Games (novel) The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the future, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America. The Capitol, a highly advanced metropolis, exercises political control over the rest of the nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death. The book received critical acclaim from major

"The Hunger Games (film series)"
confirmed that Francis Lawrence would direct the sequel instead, and on November 1, 2012, it was confirmed that he would return and direct the final two films in the series, based on the novel ""Mockingjay"". Suzanne Collins began adapting the first book to film after she finished writing ""Mockingjay"". Collins had experience in writing screenplays after writing ""Clifford's Puppy Days"" and other children's television shows. When Gary Ross was announced as director for the film in 2010, he began to work with Collins and veteran writer Billy Ray to bring the novel to life. After Francis Lawrence took over as

Games"" had a first printing of 50,000 copies, which was bumped up twice to 200,000 copies. By February 2010, the book had sold 800,000 copies, and rights to the novel had been sold in 38 territories worldwide. A few months later, in July, the book was released in paperback. ""The Hunger Games"" entered the ""New York Times"" Best Seller list in November 2008, where it would feature for over 100 consecutive weeks. By the time the film adaptation of ""The Hunger Games"" was released in March 2012, the book had been on ""USA Today""s best-sellers list for 135 consecutive weeks

Hunger Games"", on September 14, 2008, Hollywood film studios began looking to adapt the book into film. In March 2009, Color Force, an independent studio founded by producer Nina Jacobson, bought the film rights to the book. Jacobson then sought out production company Lionsgate to help her produce the film. Collins was also attached to adapt the novel; she began the first draft after completing the third novel in the series, ""Mockingjay"" (2010). The search for a director began in 2010 with three directors in the running; David Slade, Sam Mendes, and Gary Ross. Ross was ultimately chosen to direct.

"The Rose (film)"
written by Bill Kerby and Bo Goldman from a story by Bill Kerby, and directed by Mark Rydell. ""The Rose"" was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Actress in a Leading Role (Bette Midler, in her screen debut), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Frederic Forrest), Best Film Editing and Best Sound. Midler performed the soundtrack album for the film, and the title track became one of her biggest hit singles. In late 1969, Mary Rose Foster (Bette Midler) is a famous rock and roll diva known as The Rose. Although a success, she is burnt out and lonely

The Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin. Originally titled ""Pearl"", after Joplin's nickname, and the title of her last album, it was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. It was

North American rentals of $19.1 million. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Criterion Collection released the film on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015. The Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin.

"The Purple Rose of Cairo"
playwright named Henry (Edward Herrmann) who goes on an exotic vacation to Egypt with companions Jason (John Wood) and Rita (Deborah Rush). While in Egypt, the three meet archaeologist Tom Baxter (Jeff Daniels). Tom is brought back for a ""madcap Manhattan weekend"" where he falls head-over-heels for Kitty Haynes (Karen Akers), a chanteuse at the Copacabana. After Cecilia sits through the film several times, Tom, noticing her, breaks the fourth wall, and emerges from the black-and-white screen into the colorful real world on the other side of the cinema's screen. He tells Cecilia that he is attracted to her after

"Lady Rose's Daughter"
granddaughter and daughter of two matrimonial insurgents, Julie Le Breton (Ferguson) has a bar sinister heritage to perpetually battle. In the position of secretary to her haughty aunt of wealth and social position, Lady Henry (Waterman) she obtains a popularity distasteful to the latter, particularly as it includes the affections of Lord Delafield (Herbert). He persists in defiance of her wishes and in his love for Julie, who instead has given her heart to Captain Warkworth (Powell), unaware of his perfidy and an affair with a mutual friend, Aileen Moffet. Placed in a compromising situation in Warkworth's apartments after fleeing

"The Sword and the Rose"
and was the third of Disney's British productions after ""Treasure Island"" (1950) and ""The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men"" (1952). In 1956, it was broadcast on American television in two parts under the original book title. Mary Tudor falls in love with a new arrival to court, Charles Brandon. She persuades her brother King Henry VIII to make him his Captain of the Guard. Meanwhile, Henry is determined to marry her off to the aging King Louis XII of France as part of a peace agreement. Mary's longtime suitor the Duke of Buckingham takes a dislike to

"Rose Tyler"
performances in ""Doctor Who"". Rose is introduced in the eponymous premiere episode of the 2005 series. There, she is saved from an Auton attack by the mysterious alien Time Lord known as the Doctor (Christopher Eccleston), and assists him in preventing an invasion of Earth. Subsequently, the Doctor invites Rose to be his travelling companion, taking her to the end of the world and giving her a ""superphone"" so she can remain in contact with her mother Jackie (Camille Coduri), and boyfriend Mickey (Noel Clarke). In their travels through time and space, Rose learns the importance of not tampering with

but is kept working by her gruff, greedy manager and promoter Rudge Campbell (Alan Bates). Though loud and brassy, Rose is an insecure alcoholic and former drug user who seems to crave approval in her life. As such, she is determined to return to her hometown, now as a superstar. After being humiliated by a country singing star named Billy Ray (Harry Dean Stanton) whose songs she performs in her show, Rose takes off with a limousine driver named Huston Dyer (Frederic Forrest) and begins a romance with him. Rudge thinks Huston is just another hanger on, but Rose thinks

"The Name of the Rose (film)"
distinctive faces. He resisted suggestions to cast Sean Connery for the part of William because he felt that the character, who was already an amalgam of Sherlock Holmes and William of Occam, would become too overwhelming with ""007"" added. Later, after Annaud failed to find another actor he liked for the part, he was won over by Connery's reading, but Eco was dismayed by the casting choice and Columbia Pictures pulled out, as Connery's career was then in a slump. Christian Slater was cast through a large-scale audition of teenage boys. For the wordless scene in which the Girl seduces

"Rose Maylie"
the film thereof. She is also missing from the 1948 and 2005 film versions of the novel. Often Rose's familial relationships differ from those of the original novel, with Mr. Brownlow (with whom she had no connection before bonding over their acquaintances with Oliver in the novel) occasionally appearing as her uncle or adopted guardian. In the 1922 film she is portrayed by Esther Ralston In the 1933 film she is played by Barbara Kent. In the 1985 miniseries she is played by Lysette Anthony, who also plays her sister Agnes. In the 1997 Disney television film, she is played

"Martin Gore"
chronological order: These are songs where Gahan and Gore have around equal singing time, in chronological order. In some instances, both sing at the same time (ex: ""Behind the Wheel""), and in others, Gahan sang the verses while Gore sang the chorus (ex: ""Everything Counts""). Martin Gore Martin Lee Gore (born 23 July 1961) is an English singer, songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist, record producer, remixer, and DJ. He is one of the founding members of the band Depeche Mode, and has written the majority of their songs. His work spans over four decades. His best-known compositions include """"See You"", ""Personal Jesus"",

"Depeche Mode"
asserts that the band's music contains ""an element of hope."" The members of Depeche Mode are vegetarian. Depeche Mode have released a total of 14 studio albums, 10 compilation albums, six live albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 71 music videos, and 54 singles. The band have sold over 100 million records worldwide. Depeche Mode have had 50 songs in the UK Singles Chart, and one US and two UK number-one albums. In addition, all of their studio albums have reached the UK Top 10 and their albums have spent over 210 weeks on the UK Charts. Music critic

metal. Depeche Mode were considered a teen pop band during their early period in the UK, and interviewed in teen pop magazines such as ""Smash Hits"". Following the departure of Vince Clarke, their music began to take on a darker tone, establishing a darker sound in the band's music, as Martin Gore assumed lead songwriting duties. Gore's lyrics included themes such as sex, religion, and politics. Gore has stated he feels lyrical themes which tackle issues related to solitude and loneliness are a better representation of reality, whereas he finds ""happy songs"" fake and unrealistic. At the same time, he

Depeche Mode Depeche Mode (, or ) are an English electronic band formed in Basildon, Essex, in 1980, when Dave Gahan joined an existing duo consisting of Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher. The group currently consists of Dave Gahan (lead vocals and co-songwriting), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar and chief songwriting), and Andy Fletcher (keyboards). Depeche Mode released their debut album ""Speak & Spell"" in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Clarke left after the release of the album; they recorded ""A Broken Frame"" as a trio. Gore took over as primary songwriter and, later in 1982,

"Depeche Mode discography"
Depeche Mode discography The discography of English electronic music group Depeche Mode consists of 14 studio albums, six live albums, ten compilation albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 55 singles and 70 music videos. The band's music has been released on several labels, including Some Bizzare, Mute Records, Sire Records, Reprise Records, and Columbia Records. Formed in Basildon, Essex, England in 1980, the group's original line-up was Dave Gahan (lead vocals), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, vocals, chief songwriter after 1981), Andy Fletcher (keyboards) and Vince Clarke (keyboards, chief songwriter 1980–81). Vince Clarke left the band after the release of

"Dave Gahan"
Dave Gahan Dave Gahan (; born David Callcott; 9 May 1962) is an English singer-songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the electronic band Depeche Mode since their debut in 1980. He is also a successful solo artist, releasing albums in 2003 (""Paper Monsters"") and 2007 (""Hourglass""). Although his bandmate Martin Gore continues to be the main Depeche Mode songwriter, Gahan has also contributed a number of songs to the band's most recent albums; ""Playing the Angel"" (2005), ""Sounds of the Universe"" (2009), ""Delta Machine"" (2013) and ""Spirit"" (2017). Four of these songs were released as singles, including ""Suffer

resulted in Wilder's departure in 1995. Depeche Mode have had 54 songs in the UK Singles Chart and seventeen top 10 albums in the UK chart; they have sold more than 100 million records worldwide. ""Q"" included the band in the list of the ""50 Bands That Changed the World!"". Depeche Mode also rank number 98 on VH1's ""100 Greatest Artists of All Time"". In December 2016, ""Billboard"" named Depeche Mode the 10th most successful dance club artist of all time. They were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018. Depeche Mode's origins date

omitted from the following list. Depeche Mode discography The discography of English electronic music group Depeche Mode consists of 14 studio albums, six live albums, ten compilation albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 55 singles and 70 music videos. The band's music has been released on several labels, including Some Bizzare, Mute Records, Sire Records, Reprise Records, and Columbia Records. Formed in Basildon, Essex, England in 1980, the group's original line-up was Dave Gahan (lead vocals), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, vocals, chief songwriter after 1981), Andy Fletcher (keyboards) and Vince Clarke (keyboards, chief songwriter 1980–81). Vince Clarke left the

Minds lead singer Jim Kerr argued that Depeche Mode and U2 were the only contemporaries of his band which could be said to have ""stayed constantly relevant"". Several major artists have cited the band as an influence, including: No Doubt, The Killers, Crosses, Coldplay, Lady Gaga, Muse, Linkin Park, The Crystal Method, Fear Factory, La Roux, Gotye, Rammstein, a-ha, Arcade Fire, Nine Inch Nails, and Chvrches. Depeche Mode contemporaries Pet Shop Boys and Gary Numan have also cited the band as an influence. The dark themes and moods of Depeche Mode's lyrics and music have been enjoyed by several heavy

"Andy Fletcher (musician)"
has mentioned in interviews ""never winning a game of chess with Andy Fletcher!"" During the 1990s, Fletcher owned a restaurant called Gascogne located on Blenheim Terrace in St. John's Wood, London. Fletcher made a series of bad investments in the mid-1990s that led to a number of financial settlements involving Lloyd's of London & Daniel Miller. Andy Fletcher (musician) Andrew John Leonard ""Andy"" Fletcher (born 8 July 1961), popularly known as ""Fletch"", is an English keyboard player and one of the founding members of the electronic band Depeche Mode. In the late 1970s, Fletcher and schoolmate Vince Clarke formed the

"Slaughter-House Cases"
covered by state citizenship. In effect, the amendment was interpreted to convey limited protection pertinent to a small minority of rights. The decision consolidated three similar cases: One writer described New Orleans in the mid-nineteenth century as plagued by ""intestines and portions of putrefied animal matter lodged [around the drinking pipes]"" whenever the tide from the Mississippi River was low; the offal came from the city's slaughterhouses. A mile and a half upstream from the city, 1,000 butchers gutted more than 300,000 animals per year. Animal entrails (known as offal), dung, blood, and urine contaminated New Orleans's drinking water, which

Slaughterhouse
also troubling. Frequently, animal welfare and animal rights groups and sometimes academicians raise concerns about the methods of transport, preparation, herding, and killing within some slaughterhouses. Until modern times, the slaughter of animals generally took place in a haphazard and unregulated manner in diverse places. Early maps of London show numerous stockyards in the periphery of the city, where slaughter occurred in the open air. A term for such open-air slaughterhouses was ""shambles"", and there are streets named ""The Shambles"" in some English and Irish towns (e.g., Worcester, York, Bandon) which got their name from having been the site on

favor of Crescent City in all cases. Six cases were appealed to the Supreme Court. The butchers based their claims on the due process, privileges or immunities, and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, which had been ratified by the states five years earlier. It had been passed with the intention of protecting the civil rights of the millions of newly emancipated freedmen in the South, who had been granted citizenship in the United States. The butchers' attorney, former Supreme Court Justice John Archibald Campbell, who had retired from the federal bench because of his Confederate loyalties, represented persons

curtailed. As the meat requirements of the growing number of residents in London steadily expanded, the meat markets both within the city and beyond attracted increasing levels of public disapproval. Meat had been traded at Smithfield Market as early as the 10th century. By 1726, it was regarded as ""without question, the greatest in the world"", by Daniel Defoe. By the middle of the 19th century, in the course of a single year 220,000 head of cattle and 1,500,000 sheep would be ""violently forced into an area of five acres, in the very heart of London, through its narrowest and

"Slaughter Slough"
been sent to the Hurds to ask for some bread. When he returned with the news of the violence done there, Mr. Meyers went to warn the Kochs. Instead he found Andreas dead and heard war whoops nearby, so rushed back and hustled his family of six into their wagon to flee. Hatch rushed through the settlement warning all the others, accelerated by a horse lent to him by the Eastlicks' boarder Mr. Rhodes. The settlers decided to gather at the most defensible structure, the two-story Wright house built on higher ground. As the settlers gathered at the Wright home

specific grudges. Two chance visitors to the Hurd cabin spread the alarm about the coming attack. Charlie Hatch, age 24, was living with his sister Almira Everett and her family at the south end of the settlement. Coming to borrow the Hurds' oxen, he instead found John Voigt's body and the looted cabin. Running back to tell the others, he saw the mob of Dakotas around the Koch homestead. Meanwhile, the Meyers cabin at the north end of the settlement had so far been bypassed by the war party. Mrs. Meyers was quite sick with pneumonia, so 10-year-old Arthur had

while keeping accordance to the national regulations. In some societies, traditional cultural and religious aversion to slaughter led to prejudice against the people involved. In Japan, where the ban on slaughter of livestock for food was lifted in the late 19th century, the newly found slaughter industry drew workers primarily from villages of ""burakumin"", who traditionally worked in occupations relating to death (such as executioners and undertakers). In some parts of western Japan, prejudice faced by current and former residents of such areas (""burakumin"" ""hamlet people"") is still a sensitive issue. Because of this, even the Japanese word for ""slaughter""

hired to work in his absence, carried the crying toddler outside. Without warning one of the Dakota shot Voigt dead (though the child was unharmed). Many more Sissetons then leapt out of hiding and looted the cabin. Mrs. Hurd was told that she and the children would be spared if she didn't warn the other settlers. Refusing them additional food or clothing, some Dakotas escorted the Hurds from home and pointed them in the direction of New Ulm. The Sissetons next arrived at the cabin of Andreas and Mariah Koch (pronounced ""Cook""), immigrants from Germany with no children. Andreas was

roughly north to south they were the Meyers, the Hurds, the Kochs, the Irelands, the Eastlicks, the Duleys, the Smiths, the Wrights, and the Everetts. There were also a few single men. The settlers interacted and traded with the local Dakotas. Some even spoke the Dakota language passably. The growing Euro-American population, however, was making it increasingly difficult for the easternmost Dakota people to pursue their traditional lifestyle. Resettlement on reservations, treaty violations by the United States, and late or unfair annuity payments by Indian agents caused increasing hunger and hardship among the Dakota. Pushed to the breaking point, a

in a number of cases in New Orleans to obstruct Radical Reconstruction. Although the Fourteenth Amendment was passed mainly to protect the freedmen in the South, the language of Section 1 is not racially limited. Campbell used it to argue for a new, broad reading of the Fourteenth Amendment, in order to allow butchers of any race to ""sustain their lives through labor."" In a 5–4 decision issued on April 14, 1873, by Justice Miller, the Court held to a narrow interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment and ruled that it did not restrict the police powers of the state. It

"Armand V. Feigenbaum"
as President of the American Society for Quality (1961–1963). On November 13, 2014, he died at the age of 94. His contributions to the quality body of knowledge include: Armand V. Feigenbaum Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM). Feigenbaum received a bachelor's degree from Union College, his master's degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management, and his Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He was Director of Manufacturing Operations at General Electric (1958–1968), and

"Total quality management"
began reexamining the techniques of quality control invented over the past 50 years and how those techniques had been so successfully employed by the Japanese. It was in the midst of this economic turmoil that TQM took root. The exact origin of the term ""total quality management"" is uncertain. It is almost certainly inspired by Armand V. Feigenbaum's multi-edition book ""Total Quality Control"" () and Kaoru Ishikawa's ""What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way"" (). It may have been first coined in the United Kingdom by the Department of Trade and Industry during its 1983 ""National Quality Campaign"". Or

Armand V. Feigenbaum Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM). Feigenbaum received a bachelor's degree from Union College, his master's degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management, and his Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He was Director of Manufacturing Operations at General Electric (1958–1968), and was later the President and CEO of General Systems Company of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, an engineering firm that helps companies define business operating systems. Feigenbaum wrote several books and served

it may have been first coined in the United States by the Naval Air Systems Command to describe its quality-improvement efforts in 1985. In the spring of 1984, an arm of the United States Navy asked some of its civilian researchers to assess statistical process control and the work of several prominent quality consultants and to make recommendations as to how to apply their approaches to improve the Navy's operational effectiveness. The recommendation was to adopt the teachings of W. Edwards Deming. The Navy branded the effort ""Total Quality Management"" in 1985. From the Navy, TQM spread throughout the US

"Quality management system"
later as a result of World War production methods, which were advanced by the work done of W. Edwards Deming, a statistician, after whom the Deming Prize for quality is named. Joseph M. Juran focused more on managing for quality. The first edition of Juran's Quality Control Handbook was published in 1951. He also developed the ""Juran's trilogy"", an approach to cross-functional management that is composed of three managerial processes: quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. These functions all play a vital role when evaluating quality. Quality, as a profession and the managerial process associated with the quality function,

W. Edwards Deming, Armand V. Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa and Joseph M. Juran."" ""TQM is a philosophy for managing an organisation in a way which enables it to meet stakeholder needs and expectations efficiently and effectively, without compromising ethical values."" In the United States, the Baldrige Award, created by Public Law 100-107, annually recognizes American businesses, education institutions, health care organizations, and government or nonprofit organizations that are role models for organizational performance excellence. Organizations are judged on criteria from seven categories: Example criteria are: Joseph M. Juran believed the Baldrige Award judging criteria to be the most widely accepted description

improving all processes. Improved performance is directed at satisfying such broad goals as cost, quality, schedule, and mission need and suitability. Increasing user satisfaction is the overriding objective. The TQM effort builds on the pioneering work of Dr. W. E. Deming, Dr. J. M. Juran, and others, and benefits from both private and public sector experience with continuous process improvement."" ""A management philosophy and company practices that aim to harness the human and material resources of an organization in the most effective way to achieve the objectives of the organization."" ""A management approach of an organisation centred on quality, based

not necessarily complete a product from start to finish. In the late 19th century pioneers such as Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Ford recognized the limitations of the methods being used in mass production at the time and the subsequent varying quality of output. Birland established Quality Departments to oversee the quality of production and rectifying of errors, and Ford emphasized standardization of design and component standards to ensure a standard product was produced. Management of quality was the responsibility of the Quality department and was implemented by Inspection of product output to 'catch' defects. Application of statistical control came

9000 collection of standards and their formal certification processes in the 1990s. Business interest in quality improvement under the TQM name also faded as Jack Welch's success attracted attention to Six Sigma and Toyota's success attracted attention to Lean manufacturing, though the three share many of the same tools, techniques, and significant portions of the same philosophy. TQM lives on in various national quality awards around the globe. The social scientist Bettina Warzecha (2017) describes the central concepts of Quality Management (QM), such as e.g. process orientation, controllability, and zero defects as modern myths. She demonstrates that zero-error processes and

Federal Government, resulting in the following: The US Environmental Protection Agency's Underground Storage Tanks program, which was established in 1985, also employed Total Quality Management to develop its management style. The private sector followed suit, flocking to TQM principles not only as a means to recapture market share from the Japanese, but also to remain competitive when bidding for contracts from the Federal Government since ""total quality"" requires involving suppliers, not just employees, in process improvement efforts. There is no widespread agreement as to what TQM is and what actions it requires of organizations, however a review of the original

"Can't Get You Out of My Head"
Can't Get You Out of My Head ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled ""Fever,"" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" is a midtempo dance song

2009). (2nd ed.) Can't Get You Out of My Head ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled ""Fever,"" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" is a

"Can't Get It Out of My Head"
Can't Get It Out of My Head ""Can't Get It Out of My Head"" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's fourth album ""Eldorado"" in September 1974, the song is the second track on the album and follows ""Eldorado Overture."" The song was released in November the same year as a single. The song became the band's first top 10 single in the United States, reaching number 9, and helped boost public awareness of the band in the U.S.; however, back in the UK

singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor also turned down the offer to record it. Davis then met with Minogue's A&R executive, Jamie Nelson. After hearing the demo cassette of the song, Nelson booked it for Minogue to record later that year. Nelson was impressed by the ""vibe"" of the song and felt it would please the ""danceheads."" Although Davis was initially under the impression that the recording deal would be called off later, Minogue became enthusiastic to record the song after hearing 20 seconds of the demo. The whole song, including Minogue's vocals, were recorded at Davis's home studio in Surrey. The music,

the single and LP failed to chart. In 1978, it was included as the lead song on the four-track ""The ELO EP"" (UK release), reaching number 34 on the UK charts. The song has appeared on many ELO compilation albums. Jeff Lynne re-recorded the song in his own home studio. It was released in with other re-recorded ELO songs under the ELO name. Can't Get It Out of My Head ""Can't Get It Out of My Head"" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's

was recorded using Cubase music software, which Davis ran on his Mac computer. Davis began playing an acoustic guitar and ran a 125 beats per minute drum loop, on which Dennis, herself a singer who had enjoyed chart success in the United States, began singing the line ""I just can't get you out of my head"" in the key of D minor. After three and a half hours, the demo was recorded and the vocals were laid afterwards. Dennis called their recording setup for the song, ""the most primitive set-up you could imagine! Different producers work in different ways. But

range spans from C to D. Minogue chants a ""la la la"" hook in the song, which is often heralded as its most appealing part. BBC Radio 2 noted that the composition of the song is ""deceptively simple, but its veins run with the whole history of electronic music."" They described the song's bassline as ""pulsing,"" and recognised influences of English rock band New Order and German electronic music band Kraftwerk. The song does not follow the common verse-chorus structure and is instead composed of numerous ""misplaced sections."" Dennis reasoned that these sections ""somehow work together"" as she and Davis

online messageboards alight."" ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" was chosen as the lead single from Minogue's eighth studio album, ""Fever,"" and it was released on 8 September 2001 by Parlophone in Australia, while in the United Kingdom and other European countries it was released on 17 September. ""Can't Get You Out of My Head"" was jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis. Dennis and Davis had been brought together by British artist manager Simon Fuller, who wanted the duo to come up with a song for British pop group S Club 7. The song

"I Can't Get You Off of My Mind"
internalized."" The The also recorded it for their Williams tribute LP ""Hanky Panky"". I Can't Get You Off of My Mind ""I Can't Get You Off of My Mind"" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It appeared as the B-side to his 1948 single ""A Mansion on the Hill."" It was recorded on November 6, 1947 at Castle Studio in Nashville. Williams was supported by a group that producer Fred Rose assembled from two ""Grand Ole Opry"" bands: Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Ennis (rhythm guitar) were from Red Foley's band while

I Can't Get You Off of My Mind ""I Can't Get You Off of My Mind"" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It appeared as the B-side to his 1948 single ""A Mansion on the Hill."" It was recorded on November 6, 1947 at Castle Studio in Nashville. Williams was supported by a group that producer Fred Rose assembled from two ""Grand Ole Opry"" bands: Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Ennis (rhythm guitar) were from Red Foley's band while Chubby Wise (fiddle) was a member of Bill Monroe's band. The song is

"No Game No Life"
issue of ""Monthly Comic Alive"" on May 27, 2015. The final chapter was published on November 27, 2017. It focuses on Izuna Hatsuse and her daily life. Yen Press announced their license to the manga on October 28, 2016. On July 27, 2013, ""Monthly Comic Alive"" announced the anime adaptation for ""No Game No Life"" was green lit. It is directed by Atsuko Ishizuka and animated by Madhouse. The series premiered on April 9, 2014 on AT-X; it was later broadcast on five other broadcast stations and several streaming networks. The final episode premiered on June 25, 2014. Media Factory

special cross over featuring ""No Radio No Life"" and the radio series from ""Bladedance of Elementalers"" and ""Lord Marksman and Vanadis"" was broadcast by Hibiki Radio on January 1, 2015 and released on DVD on May 13. An anime movie adaptation of the sixth light novel was announced on July 17, 2016 at the ""MF Bunko J Summer School Festival 2016"" event. The film, titled , premiered on July 15, 2017, with the staff and cast from the anime series returning. Based on the sixth volume of the light novel series, the story is set 6000 years before the events

No Game No Life The series follows Sora and his younger stepsister Shiro, two hikikomori who make up the identity of Blank, an undefeated group of gamers. One day, they are challenged by the god of games to chess and are victorious. As a result, the god summons them to Disboard, a reality that revolves around games. Intent on maintaining their reputation as the undefeated gamers, Sora and Shiro plan to conquer the sixteen ruling species and to usurp the god of games. The series began receiving recognition in 2014, when it appeared in ""Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!"" and

In-game, rule enforcement only occurs when the method of cheating is acknowledged and outed by the opponent, allowing players to cheat through discreet methods. Sora and Shiro traverse to , the nation inhabited by humans, and befriend the duchess Stephanie Dola. Learning about Elkia's decline, the two participate in a tournament to determine the next ruler; after winning the crown, they earn the right to challenge the Disboard's other species as humanity's representative. Their next goal is to conquer all sixteen species in order to challenge Tet to a game; as of the sixth volume, five of the sixteen are

had its volumes placed as one of the top thirty selling novels in Japan. It was reported in May 2017 that over 3 million printed copies are in circulation. The English localization of the manga and anime were also well received: the manga adaption appeared on ""The New York Times"" Manga Best Sellers; meanwhile, English reviewers were generally turned away by the first episode of the anime, though reviewers who have completed the series generally praised the character dynamics, game strategies, and animation, while disliking the fan service featuring the underage Shiro. Sora and Shiro are two hikikomori step-siblings who

of the series, with most of the original cast portraying ancient characters related to their present counterparts. The theme song is ""There is a Reason"" by Konomi Suzuki. The song was included on the album ""No Song No Life"" on July 12, 2017. Sentai Filmworks released the film theatrically within the United States from October 5, 2017, and has licensed the film for home video distribution. Madman Entertainment premiered the film in Australia at the Madman Anime Festival in Melbourne on November 5, 2017. It was reported in May 2017, that over 3 million copies of the light novel are

released the series in six DVD and Blu‑ray volumes between June 25 and November 26, 2014. The opening theme for the series was ""This Game"" by Konomi Suzuki and the ending theme is ""Oracion"" by Shiro's voice actress, Ai Kayano. Crunchyroll simulcast ""No Game No Life"" and made it accessible to several regions. In North America, Anime Network broadcast the series on their cable network and made it available on their website, while Sentai Filmworks released the series for home media in July 2015. In the United Kingdom, MVM Entertainment licensed the series for distribution and in Australasia, Hanabee Entertainment

of her grandfather and humanity. When Sora and Shiro are crowned, she becomes their assistant and deals with Elkia's economics and politics. They discover her grandfather kept hidden records on the other species which becomes an asset to their victories; her experience with Sora and Shiro improves her skill to the point that she can win against normal humans. She is voiced by Yōko Hikasa and English dubbed by Sara Ornelas. Jibril is a , a powerful angelic race known for their ruthlessness. Jibril is over 6000-years old and is the youngest and most powerful of her species. She won

a logical woman who helped the Eastern Federation flourish for the past fifty years. She possesses a rare ability called Blood Destruction which augments her physical abilities by taxing her body. She allies herself with Sora and Shiro who promises benefits for humanity and warbeasts. She is voiced by Naomi Shindo and English dubbed by Suzelle Palacios. Meanwhile, the warbeast embassy in Elkia is represented by , an eight-year-old child and ambassador of the warbeast. She has a childlike demeanor and uses the copula desu, but also possesses high intellect and Blood Destruction. Following the alliance between humans and warbeasts,

voiced by Yoshitsugu Matsuoka and Shiro by Ai Kayano. In Sentai Filmworks' English localization, Sora and Shiro are dubbed by Scott Gibbs and Caitlynn French respectively. A 2014 poll by Charapedia ranked Shiro and Sora as two of the most intelligent anime characters of all time. Stephanie is a teenage girl and granddaughter to the previous king of Elkia, the nation inhabited by humans. She has a lot of explicit knowledge but lacks the intuition to win games. Her grandfather was infamously known for losing games and giving up Elkia's land. As a result, Stephanie strives to restore the honor

"Taylor Swift"
became one of the first signings, and her father purchased a three percent stake in the fledgling company at an estimated cost of $120,000. She began working on her eponymous debut album shortly after signing the record deal, and persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo producer Nathan Chapman, with whom she felt she had the right ""chemistry"". Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, and co-wrote the remaining eight with writers Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall, Brian Maher, and Angelo Petraglia. ""Taylor Swift"" was released on October 24, 2006. Jon Caramanica of ""The New York Times"" described it as

"Taylor Swift (album)"
Taylor Swift (album) Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records. Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school. Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose. Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album. Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing

"James Taylor"
himself to the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, which emphasized cultural and historical factors in trying to treat difficult psychiatric disorders. Meanwhile, Apple released his debut album, ""James Taylor"", in December 1968 in the UK and February 1969 in the US. Critical reception was generally positive, including a complimentary Jon Landau review in ""Rolling Stone"" who said that ""this album is the coolest breath of fresh air I've inhaled in a good long while. It knocks me out."" The record's commercial potential suffered from Taylor's inability to promote it because of his hospitalization, and it sold poorly; ""Carolina in

"Sawyer Brown"
its own moniker. They met at their manager's office in Nashville and began looking through area telephone books for inspiration. They blindly landed on the name of a nearby thoroughfare, Sawyer Brown Road, and derived the new band name ""Sawyer Brown"". The band signed with Capitol Records and scored a Top 20 hit with their first single, ""Leona"", in 1984. That success was quickly followed by their first No. 1 hit, ""Step That Step"". The band had their ups and downs on the charts throughout the 1980s, landing only sporadic Top 10 hits. However, by 1990 they had accumulated enough

of Dolly Parton and Dixie Chicks karaoke covers. However, she was rejected since ""everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out a way to be different"". When Swift was about 12 years old, computer repairman and local musician Ronnie Cremer taught her how to play guitar and helped with her first efforts as a songwriter, leading to her writing ""Lucky You"". In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with New York-based music manager Dan Dymtrow. With his help, Swift modelled for Abercrombie & Fitch

2007, becoming the youngest person to be honored with the title. She also won the Country Music Association's Horizon Award for Best New Artist, the Academy of Country Music Awards' Top New Female Vocalist, and the American Music Awards' Favorite Country Female Artist honor. She was also nominated for Best New Artist at the 2008 Grammy Awards. In July of that year, Swift began a romance with Joe Jonas that ended three months later. Swift's second studio album, ""Fearless"", was released on November 11, 2008. The lead single, ""Love Story"", was released in September 2008. It peaked at number four

"Scott Borchetta"
Scott Borchetta Scott C. Borchetta (born July 3, 1962) is an American record executive and entrepreneur best known for founding Big Machine Label Group and for discovering singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. He started the label in 2005 with 13 employees, as its president/CEO and today it encompasses four imprints: Big Machine Records, BMLG Records, The Valory Music Co. and Nash Icon Records. In 2015, he became the new in-house mentor on ""American Idol"" for the program's 14th and 15th seasons. Before Big Machine, Borchetta was a race car driver and executive at the Nashville divisions of DreamWorks Records and MCA Records

has sold 12 million US copies. Following his 1977 album, ""JT"", he has retained a large audience over the decades. Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over 1 million copies. He enjoyed a resurgence in chart performance during the late 1990s and 2000s, when he recorded some of his most-awarded work (including ""Hourglass"", ""October Road"", and ""Covers""). He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording ""Before This World"". He is known for his popular covers of other people's songs, such as ""How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)""

"Johnnie Taylor"
sold) by the RIAA. Taylor recorded several more successful albums and R&B single hits with Davis on Columbia, before Brad Shapiro took over production duties, but sales generally fell away. After a short stay at a small independent label in Los Angeles, Beverly Glen Records, Taylor signed with Malaco Records after the company's founder Tommy Couch and producing partner Wolf Stephenson heard him sing at blues singer Z. Z. Hill's funeral in spring 1984. Backed by members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, as well as in-house veterans such as former Stax keyboardist Carson Whitsett and guitarist/bandleader Bernard Jenkins, Malaco

1970s after the death of its biggest star, Otis Redding, in an aviation accident. He appeared in the documentary film, ""Wattstax"", which was released in 1973. After Stax folded in 1975, Taylor switched to Columbia Records, where he recorded his biggest success with Don Davis still in charge of production, ""Disco Lady"", in 1976. It spent four weeks at number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and six weeks at the top of the R&B chart. It peaked at No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1976. ""Disco Lady"" was the first certified platinum single (two million copies

"Fifty Shades (novel series)"
2015, director Sam Taylor-Johnson confirmed two sequels to be succeeded after the first film, with ""Fifty Shades Darker"" to be released February 10, 2017. Fifty Shades (novel series) Fifty Shades is a series of erotic novels by E. L. James. Initially a trilogy consisting of ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" (2011), ""Fifty Shades Darker"" and ""Fifty Shades Freed"" (2012), the series traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business man, Christian Grey. Grey introduces Ana to the world of BDSM. James has spoken of her shock at the success of the book, ""The explosion of

Fifty Shades (novel series) Fifty Shades is a series of erotic novels by E. L. James. Initially a trilogy consisting of ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" (2011), ""Fifty Shades Darker"" and ""Fifty Shades Freed"" (2012), the series traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business man, Christian Grey. Grey introduces Ana to the world of BDSM. James has spoken of her shock at the success of the book, ""The explosion of interest has taken me completely by surprise"" she said. James has described the ""Fifty Shades"" trilogy as ""my midlife crisis, writ large. All my

"Fifty Shades of Grey"
Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the ""Fifty Shades"" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million

"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian"
Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey As Told by Christian, also referred to as Grey, is a 2015 erotic romance by British author E. L. James. It is the fourth installment in the ""Fifty Shades"" series, which had its start as fanfiction. The novel was released on 18 June 2015 to coincide with the birth date of the character Christian Grey. The work's first printing run consisted of 1.25 million copies. Christian Grey, a successful and rich 27-year-old businessman, meets 21-year-old university student Anastasia ""Ana"" Steele when she interviews him on behalf

"Fifty Shades Freed"
Fifty Shades Freed Fifty Shades Freed is the third and final installment of the erotic romance ""Fifty Shades Trilogy"" by British author E. L. James. After accepting entrepreneur CEO Christian Grey's proposal in ""Fifty Shades Darker"", Anastasia Steele must adjust not only to married life but to her new husband's wealthy lifestyle and controlling nature. The paperback edition was first published in April 2012. Anastasia 'Ana' Steele and Christian Grey return to Seattle after a long honeymoon. Christian is upset to find that Ana has kept her maiden name, Steele, at work. After some resistance, Ana relents and changes her

incompatible. Devastated, she breaks up with Christian and returns to the apartment she shares with Kate. The ""Fifty Shades"" trilogy was developed from a ""Twilight"" fan fiction series originally titled ""Master of the Universe"" and published episodically on fan-fiction websites under the pen name ""Snowqueen's Icedragon"". The piece featured characters named after Stephenie Meyer's characters in ""Twilight"", Edward Cullen and Bella Swan. After comments concerning the sexual nature of the material, James removed the story from the fan-fiction websites and published it on her own website, FiftyShades.com. Later she rewrote ""Master of the Universe"" as an original piece, with the

principal characters renamed Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele and removed it from her website before publication. Meyer commented on the series, saying ""that's really not my genre, not my thing... Good on her—she's doing well. That's great!"" This reworked and extended version of ""Master of the Universe"" was split into three parts. The first, titled ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", was released as an e-book and a print on demand paperback in May 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Shop, a virtual publisher based in Australia. The second volume, ""Fifty Shades Darker"", was released in September 2011; and the third, ""Fifty Shades

"E. L. James"
company Stampin’ Up! UK and the cards were auctioned on eBay during May 2014. E. L. James Erika Leonard (née Mitchell; born 7 March 1963), known by her pen name E. L. James, is an English author. She wrote the bestselling erotic romance trilogy ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", ""Fifty Shades Darker"", and ""Fifty Shades Freed"", along with the companion novels """" and """"; and under the name Snowqueen's Icedragon the Twilight fan fiction ""Master of the Universe"" that was the basis for the Fifty Shades trilogy. The combined novels have sold over 125 million copies worldwide, over 35 million copies

E. L. James Erika Leonard (née Mitchell; born 7 March 1963), known by her pen name E. L. James, is an English author. She wrote the bestselling erotic romance trilogy ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", ""Fifty Shades Darker"", and ""Fifty Shades Freed"", along with the companion novels """" and """"; and under the name Snowqueen's Icedragon the Twilight fan fiction ""Master of the Universe"" that was the basis for the Fifty Shades trilogy. The combined novels have sold over 125 million copies worldwide, over 35 million copies in the United States and set the record in the United Kingdom as the

However, the books have also been largely panned by critics, with the first entry in particular ""being ridiculed by virtually every critic who has read it."" Since 2015 the series has been expanded with a parallel set of novels ""as told by Christian"": """" follows the events of ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" but from the perspective of Christian Grey, while """" (2017) does the same for the plot of ""Fifty Shades Darker"". Salman Rushdie said about the book: ""I've never read anything so badly written that got published. It made ""Twilight"" look like ""War and Peace""."" Maureen Dowd described the

"Judicial discretion"
Judicial discretion Judicial discretion is the power of the judiciary to make some legal decisions according to their discretion. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the ability of judges to exercise discretion is an aspect of judicial independence. Where appropriate, judicial discretion allows a judge to decide a legal case or matter within a range of possible decisions. However, where the exercise of discretion goes beyond constraints set down by legislation, by binding precedent, or by a constitution, the court may be abusing its discretion and undermining the rule of law. In that case, the decision of the

"Judicial review"
not have judicial review of primary legislation. Though a common-law system is present in the United Kingdom, the country still has a strong attachment to the idea of legislative supremacy; consequently, judges in the United Kingdom do not have the power to strike down primary legislation. However, since the United Kingdom became a member of the European Union there has been tension between its tendency toward legislative supremacy and the EU's legal system, which specifically gives the Court of Justice of the European Union the power of judicial review. Most modern legal systems allow the courts to review administrative acts

Judiciary
Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or the court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make statutory law (which is the responsibility of the legislature) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the executive), but rather interprets law and applies it to the facts of each case. However, in some countries the judiciary does make common

"Article Three of the United States Constitution"
of chief justice. Section 2 of Article Three delineates federal judicial power. The Case or Controversy Clause restricts the judiciary's power to actual cases and controversies, meaning that federal judicial power does not extend to cases which are hypothetical, or which are proscribed due to standing, mootness, or ripeness issues. Section 2 states that federal judiciary's power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, federal laws, federal treaties, controversies involving multiple states or foreign powers, and other enumerated areas. Section 2 gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction when ambassadors, public officials, or the states are a party in the case,

conditions (such as a complaint to the authority itself) must be fulfilled. In most countries, the courts apply special procedures in administrative cases. There are three broad approaches to judicial review of the constitutionality of primary legislation—that is, laws passed directly by an elected legislature. Some countries do not permit a review of the validity of primary legislation. In the United Kingdom, statutes cannot be set aside under the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. Another example is the Netherlands, where the constitution expressly forbids the courts to rule on the question of constitutionality of primary legislation. In the United States, federal

Judiciary
law, setting precedent for other courts to follow. This branch of the state is often tasked with ensuring equal justice under law. In many jurisdictions the judicial branch has the power to change laws through the process of judicial review. Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws and rules of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher norm, such as primary legislation, the provisions of the constitution or international law. Judges constitute a critical force for interpretation and implementation of a constitution, thus ""de facto"" in common law countries creating the body of constitutional law.

(individual decisions of a public body, such as a decision to grant a subsidy or to withdraw a residence permit). In most systems, this also includes review of secondary legislation (legally enforceable rules of general applicability adopted by administrative bodies). Some countries (notably France and Germany) have implemented a system of administrative courts which are charged with resolving disputes between members of the public and the administration. In other countries (including the United States and United Kingdom), judicial review is carried out by regular civil courts although it may be delegated to specialized panels within these courts (such as the

the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. Judicial review can be understood in the context of two distinct—but parallel—legal systems, civil law and common law, and also by two distinct theories of democracy regarding the manner in which government should be organized with respect to the principles and doctrines of legislative supremacy and the separation of powers. First, two distinct legal systems, civil law and common law, have different views about judicial review. Common-law judges are seen as sources of law, capable of creating new legal principles, and also capable of rejecting legal principles

"Judicial review in English law"
not allow for the judicial review of primary legislation (primarily Acts of Parliament). This limits judicial review in English law to the decisions of officials and public bodies, and secondary (delegated) legislation, against which ordinary common law remedies, and special ""prerogative orders"", are available in certain circumstances. The constitutional theory of judicial review has long been dominated by the doctrine of ""ultra vires"", under which a decision of a public authority can only be set aside if it exceeds the powers granted to it by Parliament. The role of the courts was seen as enforcing the ""will of Parliament"" in

"Discretionary jurisdiction"
Discretionary jurisdiction Discretionary jurisdiction is a circumstance where a court has the power to decide whether to hear a particular case brought before it. Most courts have no such power, and must entertain any case properly filed, so long as the court has subject matter jurisdiction over the questions of law which must be decided, and in personam jurisdiction over the parties to the case. Typically, the highest court in a state or country will have discretionary jurisdiction. The reason for this is that appellate courts in common law countries have two basic functions: error correction and ensuring the orderly

"United States Navy"
of the time, and have tended to follow that template. The commissioned officer ranks of the U.S. Navy are divided into three categories: junior officers, senior officers, and flag officers. Junior officers are those officers in pay grades O-1 to O-4, while senior officers are those in pay grades O-5 and O-6, and flag officers are those in pay grades of O-7 and above. Navy officers serve either as a line officer or as a staff corps officer. Line officers wear an embroidered gold star above their rank of the naval service dress uniform while staff corps officers and commissioned

"Personnel of the United States Navy"
piercing, and tattoos on the head, neck, and hands are banned for both sexes. Personnel of the United States Navy The United States Navy has nearly 500,000 personnel, approximately a quarter of whom are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, and around fifteen percent are commissioned officers; the rest are midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy and midshipmen of the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps at over 180 universities around the country and officer candidates at the navy's Officer Candidate School. Sailors prove they have mastered skills and deserve responsibilities

Personnel of the United States Navy The United States Navy has nearly 500,000 personnel, approximately a quarter of whom are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, and around fifteen percent are commissioned officers; the rest are midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy and midshipmen of the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps at over 180 universities around the country and officer candidates at the navy's Officer Candidate School. Sailors prove they have mastered skills and deserve responsibilities by completing Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) tasks and examinations. Among the most important is

over 400,000 personnel, approximately a quarter of whom are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, and around fifteen percent are commissioned officers; the rest are midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy and midshipmen of the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps at over 180 universities around the country and officer candidates at the Navy's Officer Candidate School. Enlisted sailors complete basic military training at boot camp and then are sent to complete training for their individual careers. Sailors prove they have mastered skills and deserve responsibilities by completing Personnel Qualification Standards

the ""warfare qualification"", which denotes a journeyman level of capability in Surface Warfare, Aviation Warfare, Naval Aircrew, Special Warfare, Submarine Warfare or Expeditionary Warfare. Many qualifications are denoted on a sailor's uniform with U.S. Navy badges and insignia. Commissioned officers in the navy have pay grades ranging from O-1 to O-10, with O-10 being the highest; those with paygrades between O-1 through O-4 are considered junior officers and O-5 and O-6 as senior officers. Officers in the O-7 to O-10 range are called flag officers or ""the admiralty"". Promotion through O-8 is based on performance in an officer's current paygrade,

which is recorded in ""FITREPS"" (fitness reports). Promotions to Vice Admiral (O-9) and Admiral (O-10) are based on assignment to specific positions and subject to U.S. Senate confirmation. Above the rank of admiral is Fleet Admiral, which was awarded to only four officers in World War II and is intended to be used only during a declared war. In 1899, a special rank called Admiral of the Navy was created for Admiral George Dewey, a war hero of the Spanish–American War, with the condition that it would cease to exist upon his death. Commissioned officers originate from the United States

Naval Academy, Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC), Officer Candidate School (OCS), and a host of other commissioning programs such as the Seaman to admiral-21 program, the Limited Duty Officer and Chief Warrant Officer Selection Programs, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, or receive direct commissions via Officer Development School (ODS) or from its reserve component, the Direct Commission Officer School (DCO School). Commissioned officers can generally be divided into line officers and staff corps; line officers can be further split into unrestricted and restricted communities. Unrestricted Line Officers are the warfighting command element and are authorized to command ships,

fleet of 350 ships in order to meet the challenges of an increasingly competitive international environment. A provision of the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act called for expanding the naval fleet to 355 ships ""as soon as practicable"", but did not establish additional funding nor a timeline. The U.S. Navy falls under the administration of the Department of the Navy, under civilian leadership of the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV). The most senior naval officer is the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), a four-star admiral who is immediately under and reports to the Secretary of the Navy. At the same

"United States Navy staff corps"
inequality from staff corps officers. Prior to this, staff corps were distinguished by colored bands between the rank stripes, with a different color for each corps. Although there had been a Judge Advocate General of the Navy since 1865, naval lawyers were line officers until they were split into their own staff corps in 1967. As of January 2015, the chiefs of five of the eight staff corps were women, including the Medical and Nurse Corps. The chiefs of the Civil Engineer, Chaplain, and Judge Advocate General's Corps were the first women to hold those posts. The Engineer Corps was

warrant officers wear unique specialty devices. Sailors in pay grades E-1 through E-3 are considered to be in apprenticeships. They are divided into five definable groups, with colored group rate marks designating the group to which they belong: Seaman, Fireman, Airman, Constructionman, and Hospitalman. E-4 to E-6 are non-commissioned officers (NCOs), and are specifically called Petty officers in the Navy. Petty Officers perform not only the duties of their specific career field but also serve as leaders to junior enlisted personnel. E-7 to E-9 are still considered Petty Officers, but are considered a separate community within the Navy. They have

i was a great islamic scholar and mathematician who died in 1131 ce

"Al-Shafi‘i"
died a few days later. However, al-Shāfi'ī was also known to have suffered from a serious intestinal illness, which kept him frail and ailing during the later years of his life. The precise cause of his death is thus unknown. Al-Shāfi'ī died at the age of 54 on the 30th of Rajab in 204 AH (20 January 820 CE), in Al-Fustat, Egypt, and was buried in the vault of the Banū ‘Abd al-Hakam, near Mount al-Muqattam. The ""qubbah"" (, dome) was built in 608 AH (1212 CE) by the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Kamil, and the mausoleum remains an important site today.

"Ibn al-Qasim"
him and Ibn Wahb, he replied that Ibn Wahb was a knowledgeble man whilst Ibn al-Qasim was a true faqih (jurist). He was also known as having ascetic qualities and spent much of his time reciting the Quran such that he would finish many readings in a short space of time. On his return to Egypt he refused to marry the daughters of wealthy officials and generally kept clear of the ruling class. He died in Egypt at the age of 63 in the month of Safar, 191 AH (806 CE) three days after returning from a trip to Mecca.

"Ahmad ibn Hanbal"
Ahmad ibn Hanbal Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥanbal Abū ʿAbdullāh Ash-Shaybānī (; 780–855 CE/164–241 AH), often referred to as Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Hambal or Ahmad Ibn Hambal for short, or reverentially as Imam Aḥmad by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist. An enormously influential and vigorous scholar during his lifetime, Ibn Hanbal went on to become ""one of the most venerated"" and celebrated personalities in the tradition of Sunni Islam, within which he was often referred to by such reverent epithets as True Shaykh of Islam, Proof of the

"Al-Mada'ini"
on the date of his death, variously giving the years 830, 839, 840 and 843. However, as al-Mada'ini's work encompassed the reign of al-Mu'tasim (833–842), and as he is recorded as being over 90 years old at his death, 843 is the most probable date. Al-Mada'ini was ""a highly productive scholar with many-sided interests"", producing over 200 works over his career, including such diverse fields like zoology, geography, Arabic literature and poetry. Most of his writings however focus on historical subjects, dealing with the history of the Islamic world from the pre-Islamic times to his own day. His historical works

"Ibn Qutaybah"
Ibn Qutaybah Abū Muhammad Abd-Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī or simply Ibn Qutaybah (; 828 – 13 November 889 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH) was a renowned Islamic scholar of Persian origin. He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was best known for his contributions to Arabic literature. He was a polymath who wrote on diverse subjects, such as Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, theology, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, grammar, philology, history, astronomy, agriculture and botany. His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in

"Abu Yusuf"
While at the time it was meant as an honorific title, the Caliph frequently consulted Abu Yusuf on legal matters and financial policy and even bestowed upon him the ability to appoint other Qadis in the empire. This made the position of Grand Qadi analogous to a modern-day chief justice. Abu Yusuf held the position of Grand Qadi until his death in 182/798CE. During his lifetime, Abu Yusuf created a number of literary works on a range of subjects including Islamic jurisprudence, international law, narrations of collected traditions (""ahadith""), and others. The ""Kitāb al-Fihrist"", a bibliographic compilation of books written

on foot. Ahmad Ibn Hanbal died on Friday, 12 Rabi-ul-I, 241 AH/ 2 August, 855 at the age of 74-75 in Baghdad, Iraq. Historians relate that his funeral was attended by 800,000 men and 60,000 women and that 20,000 Christians and Jews converted to Islam on that day. Ibn Hanbal was famously called before the Inquisition or Mihna of the Abassid Caliph al-Ma'mun. Al-Ma'mun wanted to assert the religious authority of the Caliph by pressuring scholars to adopt the Mu'tazila view that the Qur'an was created rather than uncreated. According to Sunni tradition, ibn Hanbal was among the scholars to

Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali Al-Ghazali (; full name ""Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī"" ; latinized Algazelus or Algazel, – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics of Sunni Islam. He was of Persian origin. Islamic tradition considers him to be a Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every century to restore the faith of the ummah (""the Islamic Community""). His works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that al-Ghazali was awarded the honorific title ""Proof of Islam"" (""Hujjat al-Islam""). Al-Ghazali believed that the Islamic

Al-Farabi
while its epistemological level (""ilm""—""knowledge"") was different. The main-belt asteroid 7057 Al-Fārābī was named in his honor. Al-Farabi Al-Farabi (; '; known in the West as Alpharabius""'; c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951) was a renowned philosopher and jurist who wrote in the fields of political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics and logic. He was also a scientist, cosmologist, mathematician and music scholar. In Islamic philosophical tradition, he is known with the honorific ""the Second Teacher"", after Aristotle being known in the East as ""the First Teacher"". He is credited with preserving the original Greek texts during

"Ibn Arabi"
1207 he returned to Mecca where he continued to study and write, spending his time with his friend Abū Shujā bin Rustem and family, including the beautiful Niẓām. The next four to five years of Ibn Arabī’s life were spent in these lands and he also kept travelling and holding the reading sessions of his works in his own presence. On 22 Rabī‘ al-Thānī 638 AH (8 November 1240) at the age of seventy-five, Ibn ‘Arabī died in Damascus. Although Ibn Arabi stated on more than one occasion that he did not prefer any one of the schools of Islamic

"Guy Boucher"
Guy Boucher Guy Boucher (born August 3, 1971) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach. Boucher is the current head coach of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was the head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning from 2010 to 2013 and SC Bern in the 2014–15 season. He previously coached in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He has coached various Canadian international teams. Before his coaching years, Boucher played right wing with the McGill Redmen between 1991 and 1995. He graduated with an arts degree (history and environmental biology) in 1995 and an

"Paul MacLean (ice hockey)"
Paul MacLean (ice hockey) Paul A. MacLean (born March 9, 1958) is a French-born Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He most recently served as an assistant coach for the Anaheim Ducks until his departure from the team on June 1, 2017. He played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues, Detroit Red Wings and the original Winnipeg Jets. He is the former head coach of the NHL's Ottawa Senators, winning the 2013 Jack Adams Award as the NHL's Coach of the Year. Born in Grostenquin, France, while his father was serving

"Joel Quenneville"
2016 NHL Entry Draft. Joel Quenneville Joel Norman Quenneville (born September 15, 1958) is a Canadian–American professional ice hockey coach. He most recently served as the head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League, with whom he won three Stanley Cup titles. He has also coached the St. Louis Blues and Colorado Avalanche. On January 14, 2016, he surpassed Al Arbour with his 783rd win as an NHL coach, making Quenneville second only to Scotty Bowman in total wins. He is often referred to by fans and players as ""Coach Q"" or simply as ""Q"". As a

Joel Quenneville Joel Norman Quenneville (born September 15, 1958) is a Canadian–American professional ice hockey coach. He most recently served as the head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League, with whom he won three Stanley Cup titles. He has also coached the St. Louis Blues and Colorado Avalanche. On January 14, 2016, he surpassed Al Arbour with his 783rd win as an NHL coach, making Quenneville second only to Scotty Bowman in total wins. He is often referred to by fans and players as ""Coach Q"" or simply as ""Q"". As a player, Quenneville was drafted

"Cory Clouston"
2017. Cory Clouston Cory Clouston (; born September 19, 1969) is an ice hockey coach, who most recently served as head coach of the Kölner Haie of the DEL. He has previously served as head coach of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Binghamton Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL), the Prince Albert Raiders, the Brandon Wheat Kings and the Kootenay Ice of the Western Hockey League. Born in Viking, Alberta, Clouston attended the University of Alberta from 1989–1993 where he earned a bachelor's degree in recreation administration. He played hockey for the University's Golden

"Ottawa Senators"
he would continue in an advisory role with the club. Assistant general manager Pierre Dorion was promoted to the general manager position. On April 12, 2016, the Senators fired head coach Dave Cameron. On May 8, 2016, the Senators hired former Tampa Bay Lightning head coach Guy Boucher as their new head coach. On the following day, Marc Crawford was announced as associate coach. On June 13, 2016, the Senators hired Daniel Alfredsson as the senior advisor of hockey operations. In June 2016, the Senators hired Rob Cookson as an assistant coach, who had worked with both Boucher and Crawford

"Jacques Martin (ice hockey)"
Jacques Martin (ice hockey) Jacques Martin (born October 1, 1952) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and executive. In the National Hockey League (NHL), he has been the head coach of the St. Louis Blues, Ottawa Senators, Montreal Canadiens and the Florida Panthers. With the Panthers, Martin was also the general manager. He is currently an assistant coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins, and a two-time Stanley Cup champion. He has also served as an assistant coach with the Canadian men's national ice hockey team. Jacques Martin is a Franco-Ontarian. Born in Rockland and raised in Saint-Pascal-Baylon, Ontario, Jacques Martin

eventually reached, and Spezza was sent, along with Ludwig Karlsson, in exchange for Alex Chiasson, Nick Paul, Alex Guptill and a 2015 second-round pick. During the off-season, the club signed free agent forward David Legwand to a two-year, $6 million contract. At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, defenceman Erik Karlsson was named the franchise's ninth captain, with the club also re-signing Bobby Ryan to a seven-year extension. After firing head coach Paul MacLean after 27 games with an 11–11–5 record and replacing him with Dave Cameron, the Senators would win 32 of their last 55 games. Goaltender Andrew Hammond

"2016–17 Ottawa Senators season"
team also replaced its president, co-founder Cyril Leeder, with Tom Anselmi in January 2017. On April 10, 2016, the day after the final game of the 2015–16 season, general manager Bryan Murray announced his resignation as manager and that he would continue in an advisory role with the club. Assistant general manager Pierre Dorion was elevated to the general manager position. On April 12, the Senators fired head coach Dave Cameron. On May 8, the Senators hired former Tampa Bay Lightning head coach Guy Boucher as their new head coach. On the following day, Marc Crawford was announced as associate

"Bruce Boudreau"
Bruce Boudreau Bruce Allan Boudreau (born January 9, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. He is currently the head coach of the National Hockey League's Minnesota Wild and formerly the head coach of the Washington Capitals and Anaheim Ducks. As a player, Boudreau played professionally for 20 seasons, logging 141 games in the NHL and 30 games in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL and the Minnesota Fighting Saints of the WHA. Boudreau won the Jack Adams Award for the NHL's

"Family Meeting"
Family Meeting ""Family Meeting"" is the 13th and final episode of the seventh season and the series finale of ""The Shield"". The episode aired on FX on November 25, 2008, and was written by Shawn Ryan and directed by Clark Johnson. The title comes from a line Shane Vendrell (Walton Goggins) calls to his family during the episode. The episode starts with Vic Mackey meeting Ronnie Gardocki and telling him that Shane didn't show up to the drop off and that his wife Corinne was arrested. He also tells him (falsely) that ICE Agent Olivia Murray agreed to clear himself,

"Family (The Secret Circle)"
Family (The Secret Circle) ""Family"" is the 22nd and the last episode of the first season of the CW television series ""The Secret Circle"", and the series' 22nd and last episode overall. It was aired on May 10, 2012. The episode was written by Andrew Miller & Andrea Newman and it was directed by Dave Barrett. One day after the final episode was aired, on May 11, 2012, the CW cancelled the series. The ratings decline in the second half of the season, the expensive cost of special effects, and dramatic locations were cited as reasons for the show's cancellation.

"My Last Words"
My Last Words ""My Last Words"" is the 152nd episode of the television series ""Scrubs"", and the second of its eighth season. The episode first aired on January 6, 2009 on ABC, following the show's departure from NBC. It aired immediately after the season's first episode, ""My Jerks"", that same evening. The episode was written by Aseem Batra and directed by Bill Lawrence, the creator of the show. The episode was awarded the 2009 Humanitas Prize in the 30 Minute Category. The episode begins as Turk and J.D. are making plans for the continuation of their ""bro-mantic"" tradition, ""Steak Night,""

"Friends and Family (The Simpsons)"
Friends and Family (The Simpsons) ""Friends and Family"" is the second episode of the twenty-eighth season of the animated television series ""The Simpsons"", and the 598th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on October 2, 2016. Mr. Burns goes to an appointment with his psychiatrist to deal with his anger issues. Much to Mr. Burns' anger, Dr. Nussbaum gives up on his case after seventy years and says that he will never be able to have a family. A few moments after Burns leaves the room, the doctor dies. During his funeral, Mr.

"What Happens to My Family?"
What Happens to My Family? What Happens to My Family? () is a 2014-2015 South Korean television series starring Yoo Dong-geun, Kim Hyun-joo, Kim Sang-kyung, Yoon Park and Park Hyung-sik. It aired on KBS2 on Saturdays and Sundays at 19:55 from August 16, 2014 to February 15, 2015. Cha Soon-bong is a widower who has devoted his life to his three children, loving them despite their self-centred selfishness and disrespect. However, when he discovers that he has terminal cancer, he decides to use the time he has left to ensure their happiness when he is gone. His eldest daughter Kang-shim,

and Eben was there too. Vengeance! [...] If the show does end up returning for a second season, this finale has really given the writers a lot of great places to go."" In the episode ""Family"" we can hear the songs: Family (The Secret Circle) ""Family"" is the 22nd and the last episode of the first season of the CW television series ""The Secret Circle"", and the series' 22nd and last episode overall. It was aired on May 10, 2012. The episode was written by Andrew Miller & Andrea Newman and it was directed by Dave Barrett. One day after

"My Point of No Return"
My Point of No Return ""My Point of No Return"" is the 22nd and final episode of season six and the 139th episode of the American sitcom ""Scrubs"". It aired on May 17, 2007 on NBC. It is part two of the two-part season finale, preceded by ""My Rabbit"". Kim moves in with J.D. so that they can raise their child and Elliot continues to plan her wedding to Keith. Meanwhile, members of Janitor's ""brain trust"", although Doug has been replaced with Lloyd, help Keith to become a better potential husband. J.D. learns about fatherhood and Dr. Cox's daughter, Jennifer

"Life of Brian (Family Guy)"
Life of Brian (Family Guy) ""Life of Brian"" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series ""Family Guy"". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian explains that on a trip

""The Simpsons"" with 6.78 million. Life of Brian (Family Guy) ""Life of Brian"" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series ""Family Guy"". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian

"Minnesota Vikings"
December 29, 2013, defeating the Detroit Lions 14–13 to end the season. Since the team's first season in 1961, the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL. As of 2017, they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962, and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship, in 1969, before the league's merger with the American Football League (AFL). Since the league merger in 1970, they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times, third-most

game against a divisional opponent, although Bridgewater set a franchise record for wins by a rookie starting quarterback. On January 3, 2016, the Vikings beat divisional rival Green Bay 20–13 to win the NFC North for the first time since 2009. The Vikings, led by their top 5 defense, ended the 2015 season with an 11–5 record, and a #3 seed in the playoffs. However, they lost to the Seattle Seahawks 10–9 after Blair Walsh missed a 27-yard field goal in the third coldest game in NFL playoff history. The Vikings were responsible for a historic milestone in the late

him unconscious. The Vikings played in Super Bowl XI, their third Super Bowl (fourth overall) in four years, against the Oakland Raiders at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on January 9, 1977. The Vikings, however, lost 32–14. In 1977, the Vikings again won the Central Division with a 9–5 record and advanced to their 4th NFC Championship Game in 5 years, but were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl Champion Cowboys, 23–6, at Texas Stadium. By 1978, age was taking its toll on the Vikings, but they still made the playoffs with an 8–7–1 record. There was no more

they were after a mascot concept that would primarily appeal to the team's younger fan base. Viktor the Viking, a muscle-bound, blond-haired and mustachioed character, wears a Vikings' #1 jersey and an oversized Vikings helmet with protruding horns and a small yellow nose guard. From 1970 to 1992, Hub Meeds dressed as a Viking and served as the team mascot. Meeds asked to become the mascot after being accidentally let onto the field by security during Super Bowl IV. From 1994 to 2015, the team mascot was Ragnar (played by Joseph Juranitch) and was based on the legendary Viking Ragnar

stripes for warm-weather games. The team's uniforms were redesigned in 2006, the first significant change in the franchise's 46-year history. Although the team colors remained the same, trim lines were added to the outside shoulders and sleeves, and the sides of the jerseys and pants. In addition the horn on the helmet was slightly more defined. Included in the new design are both white and purple pants, the purple pants have not been regularly used since 2007, but resurfaced twice in 2010. The team wore black armbands for the last four games in 1978 in memory of Jack ""Jocko"" Nelson,

viewers). The Vikings beat the New York Giants, 44–7, in Week 17 to help the team clinch the second seed in the conference and a first round-bye with an Eagles loss later that same day. The Vikings ended the regular season with a 12–4 record, their best record since 2000 and the first 11-plus win season since their record-setting 1998 campaign. The Vikings played the Dallas Cowboys in the divisional round on January 17, 2010, and won the game by a score of 34–3, advancing the Vikings to the NFC Championship game, the ninth in franchise history. This would also

playoff magic as the Rams finally defeated the Vikings, 34–10 in Los Angeles after having lost in their previous four playoff matchups (in 1969, '74, '76 and '77). Quarterback Fran Tarkenton retired following the season holding league passer records in attempts (6,467), completions (3,686), yards (47,003), and touchdowns (342). In December 1979, ground was broken for construction of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in downtown Minneapolis. On May 15, 1981, the Vikings moved into a new facility in suburban Eden Prairie that housed the team's offices, locker room and practice fields. The complex was named ""Winter Park"" after Max Winter,

(#1 in the NFL in 2006, 2007, and 2008; they are the first NFL team to accomplish this since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970), anchored by the Williams Wall consisting of defensive tackle Kevin Williams and nose tackle Pat Williams (no relation). With the addition of sack-leader Jared Allen in 2008, the dominant front four began being called by several nicknames, including ""Thunder and Plunder"" and ""Shock and AWE"" (an acronym of their surname initials). On August 18, 2009, after months of speculation and negotiations, twice-retired veteran quarterback Brett Favre, who until 2007 had played 16 years for division archrival

to the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the color of the face mask from gray to white in 1980, and then to purple in 1985. In addition, the Norseman logo was to the sleeves in 1996, and the purple jersey stripes were toned down with that change; the ""TV numbers"", previously located on the jersey sleeves, moved up to the shoulders as well that year. The Vikings continued to wear black shoes until Les Steckel became head coach in 1984; they were the last NFL team to make the change from black to white shoes. In 2006,

short of expectations in his three seasons with the Vikings, while the Cowboys rode their draft picks to three Super Bowl victories in the early-to-mid-1990s. On December 3, 1991, Jerry Burns announced his retirement effective at the end of the 1991 season. In six seasons as Head Coach of the Vikings, Burns compiled a career record of 52–43 (.547). He also led Minnesota to three playoff appearances, including a division title and an NFC Championship Game. Dennis Green was later named the fifth head coach in team history, after turning around a struggling Stanford University football program as head coach

"Flag of the Netherlands"
Flag of the Netherlands The flag of the Netherlands () is a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue. The tricolor flag is almost identical to that of Luxembourg, except that it is shorter and its red and blue stripes are a darker shade. It originates as a variant of the older orange-white-blue ""Prinsenvlag"" (""Prince's Flag""), introduced in the 17th century as the ""Statenvlag"" (""States Flag""), the naval flag of the States-General of the Dutch Republic. Its official status as the national flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was formalized in 1937. The national flag of the Netherlands is

within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was adopted on 13 June 1985. It resembles the War Flag of the Philippines. The pre-independence flag of Suriname consisted of five coloured stars (from top left clockwise: white, black, brown, yellow, and red) connected by an ellipse. The coloured stars represent the major ethnic groups that comprise the Surinamese population: the original Amerindians, the colonizing Europeans, the Africans brought in as slaves to work in plantations and the Indians, Javanese and Chinese who came as indentured workers to replace the Africans who escaped slavery and settled in the hinterland. The ellipse represents

of Orange. The orange dye was particularly unstable and tended to turn red after a while, so in the mid-17th century, red was made the official color. The flag has flown since then, but was confirmed by Royal Decree only in 1937, at the same time the color parameters were exactly defined. As the first revolutionary flag, it has had a seminal influence throughout the world, particularly on the Pan-Slavic colors of Russia. Until about 1800, in the case of both the orange- and the red-striped versions, the number of stripes and their order frequently varied. At the end of

the national coat of arms on the white stripes. From the same period dates the custom, prescribed spontaneously by popular will, to fly an orange pennant together with the national flag as a sign of allegiance of the people to the House of Orange. The pennant is added on King's Day (Dutch: ""Koningsdag"", April 27) or other festive occasions related to the Royal Family. On February 19, 1937, a Royal Decree issued by Queen Wilhelmina finally laid down the red, white and blue colours as the national flag (heraldic colours of bright vermilion, white and cobalt blue). The flag of

human rights support and is popularly flown on 1 December each year in defiance of Indonesian domestic laws. The flag consists of a red vertical band along the hoist side, with a white five-pointed star in the center. The flag was first raised on 1 December 1961 and used until the United Nations became the territory's administrator on 1 October 1962. The flags underneath are influenced by the Dutch flag in color use and design as a result of a shared history (as flags of former colonies) or economic relations, which is the case for the Russian flag. The Russian

said to represent wanglo flowers. The star has particularly complex symbolism. It is vexillologically unusual in having four points, representing the four cardinal directions. These refer in turn to the many countries of origin of the people of Aruba. They also represent the four main languages of Aruba: Papiamento, Spanish, English, and Dutch. The star also represents the island itself: a land of often red soil bordered by white beaches in a blue sea. The red also represents blood shed by Arubans during war, past Indian inhabitants, patriotic love, and Brazil wood. The white also represents purity and honesty. The

"Flag of South Holland"
in turn is derived from the coat of arms of the original County of Holland. The colours red and yellow are Holland's traditional colours and are also found of the flag of North Holland. Flag of South Holland The flag of South Holland was adopted on 15 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The first official flag of South Holland was introduced on 22 June 1948. It was a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal fields; yellow on the top, red in the middle and yellow on the bottom. It had a ratio of 2:3. The

"Flag of Amsterdam"
Flag of Amsterdam The flag of Amsterdam is the official flag for Amsterdam, the capital city of the Netherlands. The current design of the flag depicts three Saint Andrew's Crosses and is based on the escutcheon in the coat of arms of Amsterdam. Design journalist Roman Mars declared it during a TED Talk in 2015 to be the most ""badass"" city flag in the world, as well as an example to others. He particularly praised the simplicity and popular appeal that led to its widespread use. The colours of the flag are derived primarily from the shield of Amsterdam's coat

by paintings of that time. The ""CIA Factbook"" suggests that this was merely due to the orange dye used tending to fade to red over time. Alternatively, it has been suggested that there is an older association of the colours red, white and blue with the Low Countries, going back even to the late medieval period. During the 15th century, the three colours were mentioned as the coastal signals for this area, with the 3 bands straight or diagonal, single or doubled. Muller (1862) suggested that the colours were taken from the coat of arms of the Bavarian house, the

Flag of South Holland The flag of South Holland was adopted on 15 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The first official flag of South Holland was introduced on 22 June 1948. It was a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal fields; yellow on the top, red in the middle and yellow on the bottom. It had a ratio of 2:3. The current flag was proposed by the provincial executive of South Holland 15 October, and passed by the States of South Holland on 24 October 1985. It was decided to change the flag into a

"Lord's Prayer"
that therefore the question is of no real consequence. Similar phrases are found in and . ""For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen."" The doxology of the prayer is not contained in Luke's version, nor is it present in the earliest manuscripts of Matthew, representative of the Alexandrian text, although it is present in the manuscripts representative of the later Byzantine text. Most scholars do not consider it part of the original text of Matthew. New translations generally omit it. The first known use of the doxology, in a less lengthy form

ministry in Galilee, and the Lucan version one year later, ""very likely in Judea"". The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God; the other four are related to human needs and concerns. The Matthew account alone includes the ""Your will be done"" and the ""Rescue us from the evil one"" (or ""Deliver us from evil"") petitions. Both original Greek texts contain the adjective ""epiousios"", which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature; while controversial, ""daily"" has been the most common English-language translation of this word. Some Christians, particularly Protestants, conclude the prayer with

of the Christmas carol ""O Holy Night"" as a spoken bridge. The band Yaz used the prayer interspersed with the lyrics of ""In My Room"" on the album Upstairs at Erics. Text Comment Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when ""one of

a doxology, a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew. Initial words on the topic from the ""Catechism of the Catholic Church"" teach that it ""is truly the summary of the whole gospel"". The prayer is used by most Christian churches in their worship; with few exceptions, the liturgical form is the Matthean. Although theological differences and various modes of worship divide Christians, according to Fuller Seminary professor Clayton Schmit, ""there is a sense of solidarity in knowing that Christians around the globe are praying together ... and these words always unite us."" In biblical criticism, the prayer's absence

Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when ""one of his disciples said to him, 'Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples.'"" Lutheran theologian Harold Buls suggested that both were original, the Matthaen version spoken by Jesus early in his

in three of the texts below indicate the doxology often added at the end of the prayer by Protestants and, in a slightly different form, by the Byzantine Rite (""For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.""), among whom the prayer proper is usually recited by the cantors and congregation in unison, and the doxology by the priest as the conclusion of the prayer. The Anglican Book of Common Prayer adds it in some services but

as well as in the Latin translation, the word could be either of neuter (evil in general) or masculine (the evil one) gender. Matthew's version of the prayer appears in the Sermon on the Mount, in earlier parts of which the term is used to refer to general evil. Later parts of Matthew refer to the devil when discussing similar issues. However, the devil is never referred to as ""the evil one"" in any known Aramaic sources. While John Calvin accepted the vagueness of the term's meaning, he considered that there is little real difference between the two interpretations, and

of Life, the Body of Christ, the ""medicine of immortality,"" without which we have no life within us."" ""Epiousios"" is translated as ""supersubstantialem"" in the Vulgate () and accordingly as ""supersubstantial"" in the Douay-Rheims Bible (). Barclay M. Newman's ""A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament"", published in a revised edition in 2010 by the United Bible Societies has the following entry: ""And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us;"" The Presbyterian and other Reformed churches tend to use the rendering ""forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors"". Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans

in the Gospel of Mark together with its occurrence in Matthew and Luke has caused scholars who accept the two-source hypothesis (against other document hypotheses) to conclude that it is probably a ""logion"" original to Q. Standard edition of Greek text <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Patriarchal Edition 1904 <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Roman Missal There are several different English translations of the Lord's Prayer from Greek or Latin, beginning around AD 650 with the Northumbrian translation. Of those in current liturgical use, the three best-known are: The square brackets

of Matthew, but chose ""cotidianum"" (""daily"") in the Gospel of Luke. This wide-ranging difference with respect to meaning of ""epiousios"" is discussed in detail in the current Catechism of the Catholic Church by way of an inclusive approach toward tradition as well as a literal one for meaning: ""Taken in a temporal sense, this word is a pedagogical repetition of ""this day,"" to confirm us in trust ""without reservation."" Taken in the qualitative sense, it signifies what is necessary for life, and more broadly every good thing sufficient for subsistence. Taken literally (epi-ousios: ""super-essential""), it refers directly to the Bread

when was the last time oklahoma won a national championship in football

"Oklahoma Sooners football"
in their entire history. They were members from 1996 until 2010, after which the Big 12 ceased divisional play. † Co-championship The team has had 22 head coaches, with Lincoln Riley as the current head coach in his second season. Oklahoma started organized football with the nickname ""Sooners"" in 1895. The Sooners have played in more than 1,100 games in a total of 96 seasons. In those seasons, nine coaches have led the Sooners to postseason bowl games: Tom Stidham, Jim Tatum, Bud Wilkinson, Gomer Jones, Chuck Fairbanks, Barry Switzer, Gary Gibbs, Bob Stoops, and Lincoln Riley. Nine coaches have

in the U.S. and second largest in the Big 12 Conference. Despite the official capacity, the Sooners routinely average well above capacity, most recently 86,857 for the 2017 season. The largest crowd ever was 88,308 on November 11, 2017 against TCU. Oklahoma's rivalry with the Nebraska Cornhuskers historically had national championship implications, with the winner usually advancing to the Orange Bowl. The teams often met on Thanksgiving. For the majority of the twentieth century Oklahoma and Nebraska competed as part of the Big Eight Conference where from 1907 to 1995 the programs won a combined 77 conference titles. The teams

won the first overtime game of the series, after a tie the previous year. The stadium is split along the fifty yard line with Oklahoma fans occupying the south half of the field. Texas leads the series 61–46–5 as of the end of the 2017 season. Oklahoma leads the inactive series 67–24–5 as of 2018 with the last game played in 2011. Oklahoma's official school colors are crimson and cream. These colors were picked in 1895 by May Overstreet, the only female faculty member at the time. The colors were her own personal choice and she decided on them after

games include the state song ""Oklahoma"" and an alternate fight song titled ""Fight for OKU."" The Pride of Oklahoma Marching Band is a nationally renowned ensemble founded in 1904. The largest student organization on campus, the band performs at all home games frequently travels to other games. The band holds a game ball from the Bedlam Series game in 1983, the day ""the Pride"" won. The Heisman Trophy is awarded annually to the nation's most outstanding college football player. Seven Oklahoma players have won the Heisman Trophy, five more finished runner-up. Kyler Murray is the most recent winner having won

two Oklahoma graduates. Mex died of old age on April 30, 1928. The campus was closed and classes were canceled on the day of his funeral. He was buried in a casket somewhere under the stadium. Never an official mascot, ""Little Red"" began appearing at games in 1953. He was an Indian who wore red tights, breech cloth and a war bonnet and was last portrayed by Randy Palmer. In April 1970, Little Red was banished by Oklahoma president ""John Herbert Hollomon, Jr."" The student court issued a temporary restraining order to keep Little Red from appearing at Sooner games.

in November 1957, a streak of more than three years. This record of 47 consecutive wins has never been seriously threatened. During this streak, the Sooners won the national championship in 1955 and '56. Additionally, the Sooners won 14 straight conference titles from 1946 to 1959, one under Jim Tatum and 13 under Wilkinson. The Sooners also went undefeated in conference play from November 23, 1946 to October 31, 1959; their record was only blemished by two ties. Wilkinson's best teams came during the first eleven years of his tenure. In that time, he recorded winning streaks of 31 and

winners. In addition, the school has had 23 members (five coaches and 18 players) inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and holds the record for the longest winning streak in Division I history with 47 straight victories. Oklahoma is also the only program that has had four coaches with 100+ wins. They became the sixth NCAA FBS team to win 850 games when they defeated the Kansas Jayhawks on November 22, 2014. The Sooners play their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. Lincoln Riley is currently the team's head coach. Football at Oklahoma

"Oklahoma State Cowboys football"
In 1925, the Oklahoma A&M program joined the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association. In 1928, the MVIAA split into the Big Six Conference and the Missouri Valley Conference. A&M was the only large school that joined the smaller MVC. Jim Lookabaugh led the Aggies for eleven seasons, which included a 9–0 campaign and a national championship in 1945 which followed an 8–1 season the year before. Lookabaugh was an OSU alum who lettered in multiple sports. In October 2016, Oklahoma State was retroactively awarded the 1945 national championship by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) even though the 1945 Army

The Cowboys have won ten conference championships, six outright and four shared. † Co-champions Oklahoma State has had 22 head coaches since the 1901 inaugural season. The Cowboys have played in 28 bowl games, garnering a record of 18–10. They are 4–4 in the six major bowl games (Rose, Peach, Cotton Bowl Classic, Sugar, Fiesta & Orange), with their biggest win being over Stanford in the 2012 Fiesta Bowl, with the win making them finish 3rd in the final poll, the highest ever finish for a Cowboy team. The first Bedlam game was held at Island Park in Guthrie, Oklahoma.

"Oklahoma Sooners"
seven Associated Press National Championships, making the Sooners football program the most decorated in the Big 12. Oklahoma has scored the most points in Division I-A football history despite the fact they have played over 60 fewer games than the second place school on that list. OU also has the highest winning percentage of any team since the start of the AP poll in 1936. The Sooners possess 7 national championships in football, with the 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985, and 2000 seasons featuring the top team in the Associated Press final poll, and the 2000 Bowl Championship Series

"Biblical Mount Sinai"
ancient peoples, from the locations where the majority of scholars currently place them. Biblical Mount Sinai According to the Book of Exodus, Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הר סיני, ""Har Sinai"") is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. In the Book of Deuteronomy, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Horeb. ""Sinai"" and ""Horeb"" are generally considered to refer to the same place by scholars. Hebrew Bible texts describe the theophany at Mount Sinai in terms which a minority of scholars, following Charles Beke (1873), have suggested may literally describe the mountain as

"Mount Horeb"
Mount Horeb Mount Horeb, Hebrew: , Greek in the Septuagint: , Latin in the Vulgate: """", is the mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is described in two places (, ) as the ""Mountain of God"". The mountain is also called the Mountain of YHWH. In other biblical passages, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Sinai. Although most scholars consider Sinai and Horeb to have been different names for the same place, there is a minority body of opinion that

Biblical Mount Sinai According to the Book of Exodus, Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הר סיני, ""Har Sinai"") is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. In the Book of Deuteronomy, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Horeb. ""Sinai"" and ""Horeb"" are generally considered to refer to the same place by scholars. Hebrew Bible texts describe the theophany at Mount Sinai in terms which a minority of scholars, following Charles Beke (1873), have suggested may literally describe the mountain as a volcano and have led to a search for alternative locations. According to

"Mount Sinai"
Mount Sinai Mount Sinai (, ""Har Sinai""; or ; or ; ; ), also known as Mount Horeb or Gabal Musa, is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai, which is considered a holy site by the Abrahamic religions. Mount Sinai is mentioned many times in the Book of Exodus and other books of the Bible, and the Quran. According to Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, the biblical Mount Sinai was the place where Moses received the Ten Commandments. Mount Sinai is a moderately high mountain near the city

"Ten Commandments"
select group consisting of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and ""seventy of the elders of Israel"" to a location on the mount where they worshipped ""afar off"" and they ""saw the God of Israel"" above a ""paved work"" like clear sapphire stone. The mount was covered by the cloud for six days, and on the seventh day Moses went into the midst of the cloud and was ""in the mount forty days and forty nights."" And Moses said, ""the delivered unto me two tablets of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the

after the arrival of the children of Israel at Mount Sinai (also called Horeb). On the morning of the third day of their encampment, ""there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud"", and the people assembled at the base of the mount. After ""the came down upon mount Sinai"", Moses went up briefly and returned and prepared the people, and then in ""God spoke"" to all the people the words of the covenant, that is, the ""ten commandments"" as it is written. Modern biblical scholarship differs as to

Horeb is disputed. Jewish and Christian scholars have advanced varying opinions as to its whereabouts since biblical times. Elijah is described in as traveling to Horeb, in a way which implies that its position was familiar when that was written, but there are no biblical references set any later in time. Mount Horeb Mount Horeb, Hebrew: , Greek in the Septuagint: , Latin in the Vulgate: """", is the mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is described in two places (, ) as

words, which the spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly."" Before the full forty days expired, the children of Israel collectively decided that something had happened to Moses, and compelled Aaron to fashion a golden calf, and he ""built an altar before it"" and the people ""worshipped"" the calf. After the full forty days, Moses and Joshua came down from the mountain with the tablets of stone: ""And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the

"Mount Zion"
Mount Zion Mount Zion (, ""Har Tsiyyon""; , ""Jabal Sahyoun"") is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (, ; , ) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill. In a wider sense, the term is also used for the entire Land of Israel. The etymology of the word ""Zion"" is uncertain. Mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Samuel

"Holiest sites in Islam"
Greater Syria () is a region that extends from Syria in the north to the area of Palestine in the south. It includes the cities of Jerusalem and Hebron. According to mainstream Sunni and Shi'ite traditions, ""Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā"" (""The Farthest Place-of-Prostration"") is located in Jerusalem. The mosque is held in esteem by the entire Muslim community, due to its history as a place of worship that is intertwined with the lives of many Biblical prophets, such as Abraham (who is also linked with the sanctuary of Mecca), David, Solomon, Elijah and Jesus as well as for its special status. It

"Operation Torch"
fighting followed, but the Allies cut off the Germans and Italians from support by naval and air forces between Tunisia and Sicily. On 6 May, as the culmination of Operation Vulcan, the British took Tunis, and American forces reached Bizerte. By 13 May, the Axis forces in Tunisia had surrendered. This opened the way for the Allied invasion of Sicily in July. Despite Operation Torch's role in the war and logistical success, it has been largely overlooked in many popular histories of the war and in general cultural influence. The Economist speculated that this is because French forces were the

Sicily and Sardinia for any hope of success. A compromise would be to land at Bône (Annaba) in eastern Algeria, some closer to Tunis than Algiers. Limited resources dictated that the Allies could only make three landings and Eisenhower—who believed that any plan must include landings at Oran and Algiers—had two main options: either the western option, to land at Casablanca, Oran and Algiers and then make as rapid a move as possible to Tunis some east of Algiers once the Vichy opposition was suppressed; or the eastern option, to land at Oran, Algiers and Bône and then advance overland

"Dunkirk evacuation"
on 14 June and France surrendered eight days later. The more than 100,000 French troops evacuated from Dunkirk were quickly and efficiently shuttled to camps in various parts of south-western England, where they were temporarily lodged before being repatriated. British ships ferried French troops to Brest, Cherbourg, and other ports in Normandy and Brittany, although only about half of the repatriated troops were redeployed against the Germans before the surrender of France. For many French soldiers, the Dunkirk evacuation represented only a few weeks' delay before being killed or captured by the German army after their return to France. Of

Surrounded by marshes, Dunkirk boasted old fortifications and the longest sand beach in Europe, where large groups could assemble. On 20 May, on Churchill's suggestion, the Admiralty began arranging for all available small vessels to be made ready to proceed to France. After continued engagements and a failed Allied attempt on 21 May at Arras to cut through the German spearhead, the BEF was trapped, along with the remains of the Belgian forces and the three French armies, in an area along the coast of northern France and Belgium. Without informing the French, the British began planning on 20 May

"End of World War II in Europe"
advance into Germany uncovered numerous Nazi concentration camps and forced labor facilities. Up to 60,000 prisoners were at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated on 15 April 1945, by the British 11th Armoured Division. Four days later troops from the American 42nd Infantry Division found Dachau. Allied troops forced the remaining SS guards to gather up the corpses and place them in mass graves. Due to the prisoners' poor physical condition, thousands continued to die after liberation. Captured SS guards were subsequently tried at Allied war crimes tribunals where many were sentenced to death. However, up to 10,000 Nazi war criminals

flown only by civilian vessels that took part in the Dunkirk rescue operation. Dunkirk evacuation The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The operation commenced after large numbers of Belgian, British, and French troops were cut off and surrounded by German troops during the six-week long Battle of France. In a speech to the House of Commons, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this ""a

Dunkirk evacuation The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The operation commenced after large numbers of Belgian, British, and French troops were cut off and surrounded by German troops during the six-week long Battle of France. In a speech to the House of Commons, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this ""a colossal military disaster"", saying ""the whole root and core and brain of the

campaign and had to abandon nearly all of its tanks, vehicles, and equipment. In his speech to the House of Commons on 4 June, Churchill reminded the country that ""we must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations."" In September 1939, after Nazi Germany invaded Poland, the United Kingdom sent the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to aid in the defence of France, landing at Cherbourg, Nantes, and Saint-Nazaire. By May 1940 the force consisted of ten divisions in three corps under the command of General John Vereker,

battle in the history of the world has come to an end."" ""Oberkommando der Wehrmacht"" (OKW, the German armed forces high command) announced the event as ""the greatest annihilation battle of all time"". The BEF lost 68,000 soldiers (dead, wounded, missing, or captured) from 10 May until the armistice with France on 22 June. 3,500 British were killed and 13,053 wounded. All the heavy equipment had to be abandoned. Left behind in France were 2,472 guns, 20,000 motorcycles, and almost 65,000 other vehicles; also abandoned were of stores, more than of ammunition and of fuel. Almost all of the 445

Lyautey on November 10. Additional air support was provided by the carrier , whose squadrons intercepted Vichy aircraft and bombed hostile ships. The Western Task Force landed before daybreak on 8 November 1942, at three points in Morocco: Safi (Operation Blackstone), Fedala (Operation Brushwood, the largest landing with 19,000 men), and Mehdiya-Port Lyautey (Operation Goalpost). Because it was hoped that the French would not resist, there were no preliminary bombardments. This proved to be a costly error as French defenses took a toll of American landing forces. On the night of 7 November, pro-Allied General Antoine Béthouart attempted a ""coup

"Veronica (name)"
Seleucids of Asia. In medieval etymology, Veronica was sometimes wrongly supposed to derive from Latin ""vera"" (true) and Greek ""eikon"" (image). Its popularity in medieval and modern times is based mainly on the importance in Christianity of Saint Veronica and her Veil of Veronica. Pet forms of Veronica include Ronnie and Roni and the German Frony. In Russian, the pet form is Nika (Ника). ""Veronica"" is a popular name in many countries in the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, as well as southern Ireland, France, and French-speaking Canada. Veronica (name) Veronica (also spelled Veronika or Verónica) is a female

"Saint Veronica"
the apocryphal ""Acts of Pilate"". The story was later elaborated in the 11th century by adding that Christ gave her a portrait of himself on a cloth, with which she later cured the Emperor Tiberius. The linking of this with the bearing of the cross in the Passion, and the miraculous appearance of the image only occurs around 1380, in the internationally popular book ""Meditations on the life of Christ"". The story of Veronica is celebrated in the sixth Station of the Cross in many Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist and Western Orthodox churches. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the name

Veronica (name) Veronica (also spelled Veronika or Verónica) is a female given name, the Latin transliteration of the Greek name Berenice, Βερενίκη. This was the Macedonian form of the Athenian Φερενίκη, ""Phereníkē"", or Φερονίκη, ""Pheroníkē"", from φέρειν, ""phérein"", to bring, and νίκη, ""níkê"", ""victory"", i.e. ""she who brings victory"". The Ancient Macedonian form of the name was popularized because of its extensive use as a royal feminine name by the reigning dynasties of the states of the Diadochi of Alexander the Great throughout the Eastern Mediterranean during the Hellenistic age, most notably by the Ptolemies of Egypt and by the

it was called the ""vera icon"" (true image), which in the common tongue soon became """"Veronica."""" It is thus designated in several medieval texts mentioned by the Bollandists (e.g. an old Missal of Augsburg has a Mass """"De S. Veronica seu Vultus Domini"""" - """"Saint Veronica, or the Face of the Lord""""), and Matthew of Westminster speaks of the imprint of the image of the Savior which is called Veronica: """"Effigies Domenici vultus quae Veronica nuncupatur"""" - """"effigy of the face of the Lord which is called a Veronica"""". By degrees, popular imagination mistook this word for the name of

"Veronica (plant)"
the species are from the temperate Northern Hemisphere, though with some species from the Southern Hemisphere; ""Hebe"" is mostly from New Zealand. The genus name ""Veronica"" used in binomial nomenclature was chosen by Carl Linnaeus based on preexisting common usage of the name veronica in many European languages for plants in this group. Such use in English is attested as early as 1572. The name probably reflects a connection with Saint Veronica, whose Latin name is ultimately derived from Greek, Berenice. ""Veronica americana"" is edible and nutritious, as are most species in the genus Veronica, and is reported to have

"Veil of Veronica"
in Chieti. The Veil was given by De Fabritiis to the Capuchins, who still hold it today. This history was documented by Father Donato da Bomba in his ""Relatione historica"" following researches started in 1640. There are two main traditions for the iconography of the face depicted on the veil. One tradition (Type I), common in Italian art, shows the face of Christ as full-bearded, in pain, scourged and perhaps crowned with thorns. Another (Type II), common in Russian and Spanish art, shows Christ's face more often in repose, hair extending to shoulder length and a bifurcated beard, often surrounded

her—the image of his face miraculously impressed upon it. This piece of cloth became known as the Veil of Veronica. The name ""Veronica"" itself is a Latinisation of Berenice (, ""Berenikē"", with a secondary form ""Beronike""), a Macedonian name, meaning """"bearer of victory"""". The woman who offered her veil to Jesus was known by this name in the Byzantine East, but in the Latin West the name took a life of its own. As proven by a medieval text, ""Veronica"" was used by the 13th century as a designation for a relic venerated in Rome as the true image of

a gilded metal sheet (or riza in Russian) within, in which is cut an aperture where the face appears; at the lower extreme of the face there are three points which correspond to the shape of the hair and beard. There is an image kept in St Peter's Basilica which purports to be the same veil as was revered in the Middle Ages. This image is stored in the chapel that lies behind the balcony in the southwest pier supporting the dome. Very few inspections are recorded in modern times and there are no detailed photographs. The most detailed recorded

the Schatzkammer of Sacred and Secular Treasurers of the Habsburg dynasty in the Hofburg Palace, Vienna. This relic was acquired by Pope Nicholas V from relatives of the Byzantine Emperor in 1453. This veil was given by a Vatican cardinal to a Spanish priest, Mosen Pedro Mena, who took it to Alicante, in southern Spain, where it arrived in 1489, at the same time as a severe drought. Carried in a procession on 17 March by an Alicante priest, Father Villafranca, a tear sprang from the eye of the face of Christ on the veil and rain began to fall.

developed in response to an extremely arid or generally unpredictable environment, and may persist in ""Veronica"" due to a historic concentration and radiation of members of the genus in and from the climatically volatile Balkan Peninsula. A stylized bird's eye speedwell (""Veronica chamaedrys"") is featured on the badge of Squadron 541 of the British Royal Air Force. In Italy they are colloquially referred to as ""occhi della Madonna"" (St. Mary's eyes). Veronica (plant) Veronica is the largest genus in the flowering plant family Plantaginaceae, with about 500 species; it was formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Common names include speedwell,

what is the name of the main artery which takes blood from the heart to the body

Artery
is the root systemic artery (i.e., main artery). In humans, it receives blood directly from the left ventricle of the heart via the aortic valve. As the aorta branches, and these arteries branch in turn, they become successively smaller in diameter, down to the arterioles. The arterioles supply capillaries, which in turn empty into venules. The very first branches off of the aorta are the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle itself. These are followed by the branches off the aortic arch, namely the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian arteries. The capillaries

"Coronary arteries"
Coronary arteries The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation, which transports blood into and out of the cardiac muscle. They are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries, both of which give off branches. Coronary arteries can also be categorized as Epicardial (above the epicardium) and Microvascular (close to the endocardium). The left coronary artery arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It branches into two arteries and sometimes a third branch is formed at the fork, known as a

"Coronary circulation"
wall of the aorta just superior to the aortic semilunar valve. Two of these, the left posterior aortic sinus and anterior aortic sinus, give rise to the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. The third sinus, the right posterior aortic sinus, typically does not give rise to a vessel. Coronary vessel branches that remain on the surface of the artery and follow the sulci of the heart are called ""epicardial"" coronary arteries. The left coronary artery distributes blood to the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum. The circumflex artery arises from the

Artery
collective resistance of all of the body's arterioles, are the principal determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment. Arteries have the highest pressure and have narrow lumen diameter. It contains of the three tunics; Tunica media, intima and externa. Systemic arteries are the arteries (including the peripheral arteries), of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types—muscular and elastic—according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue

Artery
Artery An artery (plural arteries) () is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc). Most arteries carry oxygenated blood; the two exceptions are the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the organs that oxygenate it. The effective arterial blood volume is that extracellular fluid which fills the arterial system. The arteries are part of the circulatory system, which is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, the maintenance of

"Great arteries"
birth. Great arteries The great arteries are the primary arteries that carry blood away from the heart, which include: The great arteries originate from the aortic arches during embryonic development. The aortic arches start as five pairs of symmetrical vessels connecting the heart with the dorsal aorta but then undergo a significant remodelling, in which some of these vessels regress (aortic arches 1 and 2), the 3rd pair of arches contribute to form the common carotids, the right 4th will contribute to the base and central part of the right subclavian artery, while the left 4th will form the central

Aorta
Aorta The aorta ( ) is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. In anatomical sources, the aorta is usually divided into sections. One way of classifying a part of the aorta is by anatomical compartment, where the thoracic aorta (or thoracic portion of the aorta) runs from the heart to the diaphragm. The aorta then continues downward as the

"Mesenteric arteries"
smaller mesenteric vessels, the resistance of blood flow to the gut increases, and hence blood flows more readily to other organs. Mesenteric arteries The mesenteric arteries take blood from the aorta and distribute it to a large portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries arise from the abdominal aorta. Each of these arteries travel through the mesentery, within which they branch several times before reaching the gut. In humans, many of these branches are named, but in smaller animals the branches are more variable. In some animals, including humans, branches of these arteries join with

"Axillary artery"
Axillary artery In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. The axillary artery is often referred to as having three parts, with these divisions based on its location relative to the Pectoralis minor muscle, which is superficial to the artery. The axillary artery is accompanied by the

Mesenteric arteries The mesenteric arteries take blood from the aorta and distribute it to a large portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries arise from the abdominal aorta. Each of these arteries travel through the mesentery, within which they branch several times before reaching the gut. In humans, many of these branches are named, but in smaller animals the branches are more variable. In some animals, including humans, branches of these arteries join with the marginal artery of the colon, which means that occlusion of one of the main arteries does not necessarily lead to

"Sean Harris"
Sean Harris Sean Harris is an English actor and writer. He is known for his role as Solomon Lane in the films """" (2015) and """" (2018). Harris won a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for his role in the miniseries ""Southcliffe"" (2013). He also received three consecutive BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor nominations. Harris was born in Bethnal Green, London, and grew up in Lowestoft, Suffolk. He attended Denes High School, now the Ormiston Denes Academy in Lowestoft, Suffolk. At 23, he moved to London to train at the Drama Centre London from 1989 to 1992.

"Sean Penn"
Lowdown"" (1999), and ""I Am Sam"" (2001). He also received a Directors Guild of America nomination for directing ""Into the Wild"" (2007). Sean Penn Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama ""Mystic River"" (2003) and the biopic ""Milk"" (2008). Penn began his acting career in television, with a brief appearance in episode 112 of ""Little House on the Prairie,"" December 4, 1974, and directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in the drama ""Taps"" (1981), and a diverse

Sean Penn Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama ""Mystic River"" (2003) and the biopic ""Milk"" (2008). Penn began his acting career in television, with a brief appearance in episode 112 of ""Little House on the Prairie,"" December 4, 1974, and directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in the drama ""Taps"" (1981), and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, including ""Fast Times at Ridgemont High"" (1982), Penn garnered critical attention for his roles in

"Josh Mostel"
Josh Mostel Joshua Mostel (born December 21, 1946) is an American actor. The son of Zero Mostel, he is best known for his supporting roles in films such as ""Jesus Christ Superstar"" (1973), ""Harry and Tonto"" (1974), ""Sophie's Choice"" (1982), ""City Slickers"" (1991), ""Billy Madison"" (1995), and ""Big Daddy"" (1999). Mostel was born in New York City, the son of Kathryn Celia (née Harken), an actress, dancer, and writer, and comic actor Zero Mostel. His brother Tobias is a painter, ceramic artist and professor of art, teaching at Florida State University. Mostel started his career as a boy soprano at

"Kevin Hagen"
he met in 1993, and had a son, Kristopher. Kevin Hagen Kevin Hagen (April 3, 1928 – July 9, 2005) was an American actor best known for his role as Dr. Hiram Baker on NBC's ""Little House on the Prairie."" Hagen was born in Chicago, Illinois, to professional ballroom dancers, Haakon Olaf Hagen and the former Marvel Lucile Wadsworth. When Haakon Hagen deserted his family, young Hagen was reared by his mother, grandmother, and aunts. As a 15-year-old, he relocated to Portland, Oregon, where one of his aunts had taken a teaching job. He attended Portland's Jefferson High School. His

"Michael Landon"
Michael Landon Michael Landon (born Eugene Maurice Orowitz; October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991) was an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his roles as Little Joe Cartwright in ""Bonanza"" (1959–1973), Charles Ingalls in ""Little House on the Prairie"" (1974–1983), and Jonathan Smith in ""Highway to Heaven"" (1984–1989). Landon appeared on the cover of ""TV Guide"" 22 times, second only to Lucille Ball. Landon was born Eugene Maurice Orowitz on October 31, 1936, in Forest Hills, a neighborhood of Queens, New York. His parents were Peggy (née O'Neill; a dancer and comedian) and Eli Maurice

"Jordan Gelber"
have two sons, Henry and Dashiell. Jordan Gelber Jordan Gelber (born 1975) is an American actor and singer. Jordan Gelber is the son of Donald and Barbra Gelber. He was born in Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City, and grew up in Woodmere, Long Island. Gelber has a younger sister, Marielle. Gelber is Jewish. In 1993, he graduated from George W. Hewlett High School in Hewlett, Long Island. In 1994, he attended the National Theater Institute. He is a 1997 graduate of Stanford University, where he was a member of the Stanford Improvisors improvisational theatre troupe and an

"Victor French"
French was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Victor French Victor Edwin French (December 4, 1934 – June 15, 1989) was an American actor and director. He is remembered for roles on the television programs ""Little House on the Prairie"", ""Highway to Heaven"" and ""Carter Country"". Born in Santa Barbara, California, to Ted French, an actor and stuntman who appeared in westerns in the 1940s, French later appeared with his father in one episode of ""Gunsmoke"" entitled ""Prime Of Life"" in 1966, as well as a

Kevin Hagen Kevin Hagen (April 3, 1928 – July 9, 2005) was an American actor best known for his role as Dr. Hiram Baker on NBC's ""Little House on the Prairie."" Hagen was born in Chicago, Illinois, to professional ballroom dancers, Haakon Olaf Hagen and the former Marvel Lucile Wadsworth. When Haakon Hagen deserted his family, young Hagen was reared by his mother, grandmother, and aunts. As a 15-year-old, he relocated to Portland, Oregon, where one of his aunts had taken a teaching job. He attended Portland's Jefferson High School. His family returned to Chicago, and he attended Oregon State

"Mark Landon"
Mark Landon Mark Landon (October 1, 1948 – May 11, 2009) was an American actor and adopted son of ""Bonanza"" and ""Little House on the Prairie"" star Michael Landon. Mark Frasier Landon was adopted in 1956, aged 8, by the 20-year-old actor Michael Landon. Mark's biological mother was Michael's then wife, Dodie Levy-Frasier. Mark Landon appeared in three movies, including the CBS television movie ""Us"" (1991), which was written and directed by Michael Landon shortly before his death in 1991. It aired a few months after Michael Landon died. Mark also had a small role as a Navy SEAL in

"Eric Forman"
Eric Forman Eric Albert Forman is a fictional character in Fox Network's ""That '70s Show"", portrayed by Topher Grace. Eric is based on the adolescence of show creator Mark Brazill. Most of the show takes place at the Formans' home, particularly in the basement where he and his five friends hang out. Being the show's main character for the first seven seasons, Eric appears in many storylines. The show opens with Eric, a scrawny, socially awkward 16-year-old, dealing with his ever-evident and growing crush on the girl next door, Donna Pinciotti. During this time, Eric obtains the signature 1969 Oldsmobile

"Eric Forrester"
those profits are eaten away by a far less prestigious rival, Spectra Fashions, which makes knock-off fashions all too similar to Forrester designs. When viewers first meet Eric's wife, Stephanie, (in the second episode) their marriage is already in trouble. Eric declares the marriage ""stale,"" while Stephanie blames their woes on his assistant, Margo Lynley, with whom she incorrectly suspects he is having an affair. Later, Stephanie inadvertently brings an actual ""other woman"" into his life when she makes the wrong choice of caterers for her party. One of the employees is his old college flame, Beth Henderson, now Beth

Vista Cruiser and takes it out of town, despite his father's warnings not to. This, evidently, impresses Donna and leads to the pair's first kiss. The next episode, Eric's Birthday set on May 18, 1976 (originally making him born in 1959), sees the pair dealing with their kiss as well as Eric's long-awaited 17th birthday. As the series progresses, Eric's friends' influence over him begins to surface as he finds himself arrested due to Kelso being caught driving a stolen car while he was a passenger, due to an earlier ban on his Vista Cruiser. Eric and Donna soon share

once in all 22 episodes of season eight. He makes a brief cameo appearance in the final episode titled ""That '70s Finale."" Due to Eric's departure from the show at the beginning of its eighth season, Eric was no longer the central focus of the show, though his character was still heavily used to influence elements of it, and he's mentioned in every episode of the season. Picking up a month after the seventh season's finale, Eric is revealed to have successfully become accustomed to his job teaching in Africa. As Donna's relationship with a new character Randy begins to

each other at Midge and Bob's renewal wedding vows. Throughout season three, the pair's relationship holds a steady foundation despite Eric's constant awkward antics, such as accidental sexism and pantsing Donna. However, things take a turn for the worse as Eric's offer for a promise ring is rejected by Donna and he decides that if she doesn't see a future with him they should break up. Despite it being his decision, this leads him to spiral into depression, dreaming at one point what it would be like if he had never dated Donna. He is angered on several occasions as

"Michael Kelso"
70s Pilot"" as Eric Forman's lesser-intelligent, loudly obnoxious friend who is dating a preppy, younger student Jackie Burkhart. But later during the season the couple goes through multiple breakups. Much to his friends' annoyance, he frequently claims to be breaking up with Jackie but does not go through with it, in hopes she'll 'put out' eventually. Because of her, he misses out on a Todd Rundgren concert, instead spending the evening making out in the back of the Vista Cruiser. As the series progresses, it is later revealed that Michael cheats on his girlfriend (most notably with Pam Macy). At

intensify, it becomes apparent that Eric has broken up with her yet again. Eric returns home on New Year's Eve to reconcile with Donna, welcome the new year in with his friends and continue his teaching career. A nice guy at heart, Eric is a stereotypical nerd/geek, scrawny and somewhat clumsy. He is not at all athletic and shows little interest in sports. He is a smart-aleck teenager with a lightning-fast wit and a sarcastic and deadpan sense of humor. He also lights ""incense"" with his friends in his basement. Eric is also known to screw things up a lot,

"Eric Bruskotter"
he is one of 6 other players caught in an illegal steroid abuse ring in which they got oral steroids illegally thru prescription fraud. In ""the Reunion"" Eric physically appears. The character is important to the back story to a main character Dana Whitaker a producer of the sport night sports show in the television show. In 2007, Eric appeared in two episodes of ""24"" during Season 6. In 2011, Eric appears as a suitor of Shannon Beiste (Dot-Marie Jones) on ""Glee"". He plays football recruiter/talent scout Cooter Menkins. Eric is currently married to Tami-Adrian George. He is also a

"Eric Cartman"
an attraction to Wendy, which is apparent from the end of episode when Wendy describes her temporary infatuation towards Cartman as 'sexual tension' and even though Cartman agrees in front of Wendy, he sighs with sorrow at being alone again. During a period when he was physically unable to control his speech and he repeatedly blurted hidden feelings, he expressed a romantic interest in classmate Patty Nelson, a side character who has not been seen before or since. In Season 20, after Cartman is wrongfully accused of being a persistent and highly aggressive internet troll (actually Gerald Broflovski) leaving foul

to a hearty farewell. Eric's family includes his doting mother, Kitty Forman, who has impending separation anxiety and menopause, his crabby father, Red Forman, who is a strict Korean War military veteran, and his older sister, Laurie Forman, who is a promiscuous blonde who uses her looks to get what she wants. Eric's best friend, Steven Hyde, who was essentially abandoned by his parents, later becomes his foster brother. Eric was the show's protagonist from seasons one through seven until he was written out due to Grace's departure from the series. However, despite Eric's absence, he is mentioned at least

Rotation
Rotation A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation. A three-dimensional object can always be rotated around an infinite number of imaginary lines called ""rotation axes"" ( ). If the axis passes through the body's center of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself, or spin. A rotation about an external point, e.g. the Earth about the Sun, is called a revolution or orbital revolution, typically when it is produced by gravity. The axis is called a pole. Mathematically, a rotation is a rigid body movement which, unlike a translation,

"Motion (physics)"
Motion (physics) In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time, and speed. Motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame. If the position of a body is not changing with respect to a given frame of reference (reference point), the body is said to be ""at rest"", ""motionless"", ""immobile"", ""stationary"", or to have constant (time-invariant) position. An object's motion cannot change unless it

"Rotation around a fixed axis"
the position of a rigid body is more complicated to describe. It can be regarded as a combination of two distinct types of motion: translational motion and circular motion. Purely ""translational motion"" occurs when every particle of the body has the same instantaneous velocity as every other particle; then the path traced out by any particle is exactly parallel to the path traced out by every other particle in the body. Under translational motion, the change in the position of a rigid body is specified completely by three coordinates such as ""x"", ""y"", and ""z"" giving the displacement of any

quantity: it has the same value, irrespective of the position or speed of the observer. This property makes the speed of light ""c"" a natural measurement unit for speed. Motion (physics) In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time, and speed. Motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame. If the position of a body is not changing with respect to a given

"Circular motion"
Circular motion In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform, with constant angular rate of rotation and constant speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts. The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body. Examples of circular motion include: an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth at a constant height, a ceiling fan's blades rotating around a hub, a

is acted upon by a force, as described. Momentum is a quantity which is used for measuring the motion of an object. An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in an isolated system (one not affected by external forces) does not change with time, as described by the law of conservation of momentum. As there is no absolute frame of reference, ""absolute motion"" cannot be determined. Thus, everything in the universe can be considered to be moving. Motion applies to objects, bodies, and matter particles, to radiation, radiation

point, such as the center of mass, fixed to the rigid body. Purely ""rotational motion"" occurs if every particle in the body moves in a circle about a single line. This line is called the axis of rotation. Then the radius vectors from the axis to all particles undergo the same angular displacement at the same time. The axis of rotation need not go through the body. In general, any rotation can be specified completely by the three angular displacements with respect to the rectangular-coordinate axes ""x"", ""y"", and ""z"". Any change in the position of the rigid body is

fields and radiation particles, and to space, its curvature and space-time. One can also speak of motion of shapes and boundaries. So, the term motion, in general, signifies a continuous change in the configuration of a physical system. For example, one can talk about motion of a wave or about motion of a quantum particle, where the configuration consists of probabilities of occupying specific positions. In physics, motion is described through two sets of apparently contradictory laws of mechanics. Motions of all large-scale and familiar objects in the universe (such as projectiles, planets, cells, and humans) are described by classical

a fixed axis is typically taught in introductory physics courses after students have mastered linear motion; the full generality of rotational motion is not usually taught in introductory physics classes. A ""rigid body"" is an object of finite extent in which all the distances between the component particles are constant. No truly rigid body exists; external forces can deform any solid. For our purposes, then, a rigid body is a solid which requires large forces to deform it appreciably. A change in the position of a particle in three-dimensional space can be completely specified by three coordinates. A change in

linear momentum in rotational motion is angular momentum. The greater the angular momentum of the spinning object such as a top, the greater its tendency to continue to spin. The Angular Momentum of a rotating body is proportional to its mass and to how rapidly it is turning. In addition, the angular momentum depends on how the mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation: the further away the mass is located from the axis of rotation, the greater the angular momentum. A flat disk such as a record turntable has less angular momentum than a hollow cylinder of

"Vault (architecture)"
richly carved bosses, and this practice increased on the introduction of another short rib, known as the lierne, a term in France given to the ridge rib. Lierne ribs are short ribs crossing between the main ribs, and were employed chiefly as decorative features, as, for instance, in the ""Liebfrauenkirche"" (1482) of Mühlacker, Germany. One of the best examples of Lierne ribs exists in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. The tendency to increase the number of ribs led to singular results in some cases, as in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral, where the ordinary diagonal

"Rib vault"
best examples of which is in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. The tendency to increase the number of ribs led to singular results in some cases, as in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral where the ordinary diagonal ribs become mere ornamental mouldings on the surface of an intersected pointed barrel vault, and again in the cloisters, where the introduction of the fan vault, forming a concave-sided conoid, returned to the principles of the Roman geometrical vault. This is further shown in the construction of these fan vaults, for although in the earliest examples each of

fan vault would seem to have owed its origin to the employment of centerings of one curve for all the ribs, instead of having separate centerings for the transverse, diagonal wall and intermediate ribs; it was facilitated also by the introduction of the four-centred arch, because the lower portion of the arch formed part of the fan, or conoid, and the upper part could be extended at pleasure with a greater radius across the vault. The simplest version is that found in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral, where the fans meet one another at the summit, so that there are

Sens), Rochester (1200), Lincoln (1215), Durham (east transept), and St. Faith's chapel, Westminster Abbey. In the earlier stage of rib vaulting, the arched ribs consisted of independent or separate voussoirs down to the springing; the difficulty, however, of working the ribs separately led to two other important changes: (I) the lower part of the transverse diagonal and wall ribs were all worked out of one stone; and (2) the lower horizontal, constituting what is known as the tas-de-charge or solid springer. Fig. 9 is a diagram made by Professor Willis taken from the south transept of Westminster Abbey. The horizontal

a wooden ceiling. Stone ceilings are stronger; for example, the chapter house at Southwell Minster has stone vaulting and no central pillar. Examples of cathedrals in England that incorporate early Gothic style features can be found in Salisbury, Lincoln, Southwell in Nottinghamshire, Wells, Bristol, Norwich and Worcester. Gothic style was widely used by cathedral builders and two continental examples are the cathedral at Reims (northern France) and the Sint Niklaaskerk in Ghent (Belgium). Where intersecting barrel vaults were not of the same diameter, Romanesque construction practice resulted in the twisting of the groins; their construction must at all times have

only small compartments between the fans to be filled up. In later examples, as in King's College Chapel, Cambridge, on account of the great dimensions of the vault, it was found necessary to introduce transverse ribs, which were required to give greater strength. Similar transverse ribs are found in Henry VII's chapel and in the Divinity School at Oxford, where a new development presented itself. One of the defects of the fan vault at Gloucester is the appearance it gives of being half sunk in the wall; to remedy this, in the two buildings just quoted, the complete conoid is

Rib vault The intersection of two to three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction. While the mechanics of the weight of a groin vault and its transmission outwards to the supporting pillars remained as it had been, the new use of rib vaults demonstrates the skill of the masons and the grandeur of the new ideas circulating at the introduction of Gothic architecture in the end of the eleventh century. This technique was

complete conoid is displayed in its centre carried on a central column. This vault, not built until 1640, is an exceptional example of the long continuance of traditional workmanship, probably in Oxford transmitted in consequence of the late vaulting of the entrance gateways to the colleges. Fan vaulting is peculiar to England, the only example approaching it in France being the pendant of the Lady-chapel at Caudebec, in Normandy. In France, Germany, and Spain the multiplication of ribs in the 15th century led to decorative vaults of various kinds, but with some singular modifications. Thus in Germany, recognizing that the

and consequently there was a tendency to increase their number, so that in the nave of Exeter Cathedral three intermediate ribs were provided between the wall rib and the diagonal rib. In order to mask the junction of the various ribs, their intersections were ornamented with richly carved bosses, and this practice increased on the introduction of another short rib, known as the lierne, a term in France given to the ridge rib. English Lierne vaulting uses short ribs that cross between the main ones; these were employed chiefly as decorative features, for example in stellar vaults, one of the

threw unequal weights on the alternate piers, so that in the cathedral of Soissons (1205) a quadripartite (fig. 8) or four-celled vault was introduced, the width of each bay being half the span of the nave, and corresponding therefore with the aisle piers. To this there are some exceptions, in Sant' Ambrogio, Milan, and San Michele, Pavia (the original vault), and in the cathedrals of Spires, Mainz and Worms, where the quadripartite vaults are nearly square, the intermediate piers of the aisles being of much smaller dimensions. In England sexpartite vaults exist at Canterbury (1175) (set out by William of

"Good Morning Good Morning"
Good Morning Good Morning ""Good Morning Good Morning"" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the Beatles, featured on their 1967 album ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"". Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. Another reference to contemporary television was the lyric ""It's time for tea and ""Meet the Wife"""", referring to the BBC sitcom. The basic track was recorded on 8 February 1967, with overdubs on 16 February (bass guitar and lead vocals), 13 March (brass section), 28 March (backing vocals and guitar solo),

"Hello Good Morning"
Awards"" on August 9, 2010. ""Hello Good Morning"" was recorded at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California and mixed at Larrabee Studios in Universal City, California. Hello Good Morning ""Hello Good Morning"" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, ""Last Train to Paris"". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford ""T.I."" Harris and Nathaniel ""Danja"" Hills who also produced the song.

"Good Morning (Kanye West song)"
Good Morning (Kanye West song) ""Good Morning"" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West. It was released as the first song on the track-listing of his third studio album ""Graduation"" (2007). The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording ""Someone Saved My Life Tonight"" by English singer and pianist Elton John. As the album-opener, ""Good Morning"" serves as an introduction to the musical and lyrical themes of ""Graduation"". The composition is both light and dark in tone and retains a keyboard-laden, electronic instrumentation in addition to being imbued with poignant,

Hello Good Morning ""Hello Good Morning"" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, ""Last Train to Paris"". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford ""T.I."" Harris and Nathaniel ""Danja"" Hills who also produced the song. T.I. has a featured rap on the song. The song's musical composition was inspired by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza night clubs; its lyrics focus around sex and

ten bars, 42 beats) B: 5,5,5,3,4,5,4,3,3,4,4 (eleven bars, 44 beats) A: 4,4,4,4,4,4 (end: six bars, 24 beats, with fade out bar) This adds up to 64 bars with 260 beats, which at published 117 beats per minute would result in a length of 2:13,333… minutes. Personnel per Ian MacDonald: Good Morning Good Morning ""Good Morning Good Morning"" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the Beatles, featured on their 1967 album ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"". Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. Another reference

electronic synthesizer along with keyboards which harbor New-Age aspects. Furthermore, West integrated samples of vocals in the falsetto register into the chorus section. The dreamy, chant-like coos are from the 1975 recording ""Someone Saved My Life Tonight"" by the English pianist, singer-songwriter and composer Elton John. The track also contains additional vocals provided by Australian singer Connie Mitchell of the dance music group Sneaky Sound System as well as soul singer Tony Williams. West had Connie Mitchell and Tony Williams sing a descending vocal line together over the looped sample. Their celestial unison singing and the floating monophonic vocal loop

museums. West performed ""Good Morning"" as the opener of the set-list on his worldwide ""Glow in the Dark Tour"" (2008). ""Good Morning"" was written and produced by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West. The composition serves as the opening track for West's third studio album, ""Graduation"" (2007). Due to being the album's introductory track, the song's original title was ""Good Morning (Intro),"" but subsequently was changed. Unlike its predecessors, rather than a fake Bernie Mac intro or a Broke-Phi-Broke skit, the album-opener instead begins ""Graduation"" with vocals from Kanye West. On ""Good Morning,"" West himself establishes the

on June 29, 2010 for digital download. A music video for this version was created by adding additional footage to the original video. It premiered on June 21, 2010. A second remix featuring just Ross's additional verse was used for the song's main music video which premiered on May 11, 2010 A third remix was made for the UK, titled the ""Team UK Remix"". This version featured Tinie Tempah and Tinchy Stryder in place of Minaj and Ross. It premiered on June 11, 2010 on Tim Westwood's Radio 1Xtra daytime show ""Westwood"". It was released as track two on the

"Good Morning, World"
Clarke"", on a small AM radio station in Los Angeles. The show also starred Joby Baker, who was known for guest starring in many sitcoms. The show's creators were Carl Reiner, Sheldon Leonard, Bill Persky, and Sam Denoff, all of whom had worked on ""The Dick Van Dyke Show"", and was inspired by Persky and Denoff's personal experiences working as continuity writers for several disc jockeys on radio station WNEW in New York during the 1950s. In fact, William B. Williams, one of the station's most popular deejays, received screen credit for originating the show's title, which was adapted from

of 500,000 copies. Internationally, the single peaked at No. 22 in UK, and was particularly successful on the German Black Chart and UK R&B Chart, reaching number one and number eight respectively.morning ""Hello Good Morning"" was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, T.I., Nathaniel ""Danja"" Hills. The song which features T.I., and was produced by Danja, is an electro-dance song influenced by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza where he visited the DC10 nightclub. The music influences included ""Felix da Housecat, Erick Morillo, Deep Dish and DJ Hell"". According to ""Rap-Up"" magazine, the lyrics refer to ""keeping a party going till early

"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"
Papa's Got a Brand New Bag ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" is a song written and recorded by James Brown. Released as a two-part single in 1965, it was Brown's first song to reach the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Top Ten, peaking at number eight, and was a number-one R&B hit, topping the charts for eight weeks. It won Brown his first Grammy Award, for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording. Consolidating the rhythmic innovations of earlier James Brown recordings such as ""I've Got Money"" and ""Out of Sight"", ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" is considered seminal in the emergence

the mixes of Public Enemy's 1994 song ""Give it up"", ""Flavor Flav"" is heard to say ""Papa's got a brand new bag."" The same line is also heard in the rap part of Color Me Badd's 1991 single ""Color Me Badd"" and Big Daddy Kane's 1989 song ""Warm It Up, Kane"". Papa's Got a Brand New Bag ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" is a song written and recorded by James Brown. Released as a two-part single in 1965, it was Brown's first song to reach the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Top Ten, peaking at number eight, and was a number-one

"Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag"
Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag ""Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag"" is a 1981 instrumental performed by the British dance-punk band Pigbag. The instrumental was written by Pigbag, who produced it, along with, Dave Hunt and Dick O'Dell. Initially, ""Papa's Got a Brand new Pigbag"" hit number 2 on the UK underground charts. In the US, the instrumental was released as an import on the Rough Trade label, where it made to number 56 on the dance chart. A 1982 re-release of ""Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag"" went to number 3 in the UK. Whilst the track is

well known for its brass riff, the bassline of the track was also ranked by ""Stylus Magazine"" at number 40 in their 2005 list of the ""Top 50 Basslines of All Time"". The piece's title is a play on the James Brown song ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"". Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag ""Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag"" is a 1981 instrumental performed by the British dance-punk band Pigbag. The instrumental was written by Pigbag, who produced it, along with, Dave Hunt and Dick O'Dell. Initially, ""Papa's Got a Brand new Pigbag"" hit number 2 on the

number 71.) The song is currently ranked as the 80th greatest song of all time, as well as the sixth best song of 1965, by Acclaimed Music. An instrumental version of ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" was released as the B-side of Brown's 1965 Smash single ""Try Me"". He also recorded a big band jazz arrangement of the song with the Louie Bellson Orchestra for his 1970 album ""Soul on Top"". Live performances of ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" appear on the albums ""Hot on the One"", ""Live in New York"", ""Soul Session Live"", ""Live at the Apollo

sped up for its single release, increasing the tempo and raising the pitch by a half step. In 1991 the recording was released in unedited form at its original speed on the box set ""Star Time"". The track includes lead-in studio chatter, with Brown throatily (and presciently) shouting ""This is a hit!"" just before the drum and horn intro. In 2004, ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" was ranked number 72 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time. (In 2010 the magazine updated its list, and the song was moved up a rank to

1995"", and the 2009 Expanded Edition of ""Live at the Garden"". It is also featured in medleys on ""Love Power Peace"" and ""Say It Live and Loud"". ""with the James Brown Band:"" ""Papa's Got a Brand New Excuse,"" an episode of ""The Fresh Prince of Bel Air"", was named for the song. The song's title was also played on for ""The Simpsons"" episode ""Poppa's Got a Brand New Badge"". 2013 musical Kinky Boots contains the line ""Papa's got a brand new shoe"" in the song ""Everybody Say Yeah"" (music and lyrics by Cyndi Lauper). Towards the end of one of

"Brian's Got a Brand New Bag"
addition to Visitor and the regular cast, actor Hart Bochner, James Burkholder, actress Aimee Garcia, Jack Samson, actress Stacey Scowley, Debra Skelton, Reginald VelJohnson, actor Tico Wells, actress Mae Whitman, and actor Bruce Willis guest-starred in the episode in both voice and live-action appearances. Recurring guest voice actors Alexandra Breckenridge, writer Steve Callaghan, voice actor Ralph Garman, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. Recurring guest cast members Adam West and Patrick Warburton also made appearances in the episode. The title is a reference to the James Brown song ""Papa's Got a Brand

of funk music as a distinct style. As Brown sings the praises of an old man brave enough to get out on the dance floor of a nightclub (""brand new bag"" meaning new interest, taste, or way of doing something), his band provides a horn-heavy backdrop with a prominent rhythm and an electric guitar riff for a hook. Both singer and musicians place overwhelming emphasis on the first beat of each measure (""on the One""). The song is Brown's first recording to feature Jimmy Nolen on guitar. The taped recording of ""Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"" was edited and

"Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag"
Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag ""Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag, and Smile, Smile, Smile"" is the full name of a World War I marching song, published in 1915 in London. It was written by Welsh songwriter George Henry Powell under the pseudonym of ""George Asaf"", and set to music by his brother Felix Powell. It was featured in the American show ""Her Soldier Boy"", which opened in December 1916. Performers associated with this song include Edward Hamilton, the Victor Military Band, James F. Harrison, Murray Johnson, Reinald Werrenrath, and the Knickerbocker Quartet. A later

Roadrunner
and generally prefer sprinting to flying, though it will fly to escape predators. During flight, the short, rounded wings reveal a white crescent in the primary feathers. The roadrunner has a slow and descending dove-like ""coo"". It also makes a rapid, vocalized clattering sound with its beak. Roadrunners inhabit the deserts of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. They live in arid lowland or mountainous shrubland, widely dispersed in dry open country with scattered brush. They are non-migratory, staying in their breeding area year-round. The greater roadrunner is not currently considered threatened in the US, but is habitat-limited.

illness or to boost stamina and strength. The word for roadrunner in O'odham language is ""Tadai"" or ""Taḏai"" and is still used throughout Tucson, Arizona Roadrunner The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico, usually in the desert. Some have been clocked at . The subfamily Neomorphinae, the New World ground cuckoos, includes 11 species of birds, while the genus ""Geococcyx"" has just two, The roadrunner generally ranges in size from from tail to

Roadrunner The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico, usually in the desert. Some have been clocked at . The subfamily Neomorphinae, the New World ground cuckoos, includes 11 species of birds, while the genus ""Geococcyx"" has just two, The roadrunner generally ranges in size from from tail to beak. The average weight is about . The roadrunner is a large, slender, black-brown and white-streaked ground bird with a distinctive head crest. It has

"Greater roadrunner"
on the ground, and can run at speeds up to . Cases where roadrunners have run as fast as have been reported. This is the fastest running speed clocked for a flying bird, but not nearly as fast as the of the flightless and much larger ostrich. The greater roadrunner is found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It can be seen regularly in the US states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and Oklahoma, and less frequently in Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri, as well as the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California

The roadrunner is an opportunistic omnivore. Its diet normally consists of insects (such as grasshoppers, crickets, caterpillars, and beetles), small reptiles (such as lizards, collared lizards, and snakes, including rattlesnakes), rodents and other small mammals, spiders (including tarantulas), scorpions, centipedes, snails, small birds (and nestlings), eggs, and fruits and seeds like those from prickly pear cactuses and sumacs. The lesser roadrunner eats mainly insects. The roadrunner forages on the ground and, when hunting, usually runs after prey from under cover. It may leap to catch insects, and commonly batters certain prey against the ground. Because of its quickness, the roadrunner

"Desert tortoise"
range from near sea level to around in elevation. Tortoises show very strong site fidelity, and have well-established home ranges where they know where their food, water, and mineral resources are. Desert tortoises inhabit elevations from below mean sea level in Death Valley to in Arizona, though they are most common from around . Estimates of densities vary from less than eight individuals/km on sites in southern California to over 500 individuals/km in the western Mojave Desert, although most estimates are less than 150 individuals/km. The home range generally consists of . In general, males have larger home ranges than

Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Querétaro, México, Puebla, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí. The species is not migratory. The greater roadrunner can be found from below sea level to (rarely up to ). It occupies arid and semiarid scrubland, with scattered vegetation (typically less than 50% cover) with a height of less than . The greater roadrunner nests on a platform of sticks low in a cactus or a bush and lays three to six eggs, which hatch in 20 days. The chicks fledge in another 18 days. Pairs may occasionally rear

"Desert kangaroo rat"
dune terrain. The places on this list constitute some of the most extreme deserts in the United States including Death Valley, which has the record for the hottest place on the continent. Desert kangaroo rats are denizens of desert areas with sandy soil; vegetation is typically sparse and consists of creosote bush, a variety of grasses, and cacti. Desert kangaroo rats live in burrow systems under slight mounds of soil 6-9m across; they sleep in a den, which is sealed off at extreme temperatures, during the day. Groups of 6-12 widely spaced burrows may constitute a colony of this species,

roadrunner's nest is often composed of sticks, and may sometimes contain leaves, feathers, snakeskins, or dung. It is commonly placed 1–3 meters above ground level in a low tree, bush, or cactus. Roadrunner eggs are generally white. The greater roadrunner generally lays 2–6 eggs per clutch, but the lesser roadrunner's clutches are typically smaller. Hatching is asynchronous. Both sexes incubate the nest (with males incubating the nest at night) and feed the hatchlings. For the first one to two weeks after the young hatch, one parent remains at the nest. The young leave the nest at two to three weeks

"Road movie"
Road movie A road movie is a film genre in which the main characters leave home on a road trip, typically altering the perspective from their everyday lives. Road movies often depict travel in the hinterlands, with the films exploring the theme of alienation and examining the tensions and issues of the cultural identity of a nation or historical period; this is all often enmeshed in a mood of actual or potential menace, lawlessness, and violence, a ""distinctly existential air"" and is populated by restless, ""frustrated, often desperate characters"". The setting includes not just the close confines of the car

"Jack Judge"
Jack Judge John ""Jack"" Judge (3 December 1872 – 25 July 1938) was a British songwriter and music-hall entertainer best remembered for writing the song ""It's a Long Way to Tipperary"". Judge originally wrote and sang the song in 1912, but the far more widely known John McCormack acquired greater name recognition with the song. Judge was born in Worcestshire, England on 3 December 1872. Judge's parents were Irish, from County Mayo. He was originally a fishmonger, and took to the stage after winning a talent contest. At the time his famous song was written, he was performing at ""The

"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind)"
It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind) ""It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A (And the Girl I Left Behind)"" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Val Trainor wrote the lyrics. Harry Von Tilzer composed the music. The song was published by Harry Von Tilzer Publishing Company of New York, New York. It was written for both voice and piano. Edward H. Pfeiffer designed the sheet music cover. Pfeiffer illustrated more than 1,500 covers throughout his career. This one in particular featured soldiers sitting around a campfire. One

"It's a Long Way to Tipperary"
It's a Long Way to Tipperary ""It's a Long Way to Tipperary"" is a British music hall song written by Henry James ""Harry"" Williams and co-credited to Jack Judge. Originally it was credited as written by Jack Judge and co-credited to Henry James ""Harry"" Williams. It was allegedly written for a 5-shilling bet in Stalybridge on 30 January 1912 and performed the next night at the local music hall. Now commonly called ""It's a Long Way to Tipperary"", the original printed music calls it ""It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary"". It became popular among soldiers in the First World

"Darcy Farrow"
around the region of the high valleys and the Walker River in Nevada, where Tom lived when he was eight or nine years old. Darcy Farrow Darcy Farrow is a song written by Steve Gillette and Tom Campbell, and first recorded in 1965 by Ian & Sylvia on their album, ""Early Morning Rain"". Gillette released his first recording of it in 1967 on his self-titled album, ""Steve Gillette"". The song has been covered by more than 300 artists, including, most notably, John Denver, who recorded it three times and included the song in his live performances. It is included on

West Bromwich Albion F.C. He continued recording through the 1920s. A bronze statue of Judge now adorns Lord Pendry Square in Stalybridge. The recently opened public library in his home town of Oldbury bears his name. Jack Judge John ""Jack"" Judge (3 December 1872 – 25 July 1938) was a British songwriter and music-hall entertainer best remembered for writing the song ""It's a Long Way to Tipperary"". Judge originally wrote and sang the song in 1912, but the far more widely known John McCormack acquired greater name recognition with the song. Judge was born in Worcestshire, England on 3 December

Darcy Farrow Darcy Farrow is a song written by Steve Gillette and Tom Campbell, and first recorded in 1965 by Ian & Sylvia on their album, ""Early Morning Rain"". Gillette released his first recording of it in 1967 on his self-titled album, ""Steve Gillette"". The song has been covered by more than 300 artists, including, most notably, John Denver, who recorded it three times and included the song in his live performances. It is included on the latest tribute album, ""The Music Is You: A Tribute To John Denver"", released on April 2, 2013. Other artists who recorded ""Darcy Farrow""

"Pico and Sepulveda"
Pico and Sepulveda ""Pico and Sepulveda"" is a 1947 song by Freddy Martin and his orchestra. Composed by Eddie Maxwell and Jule Styne (Ambassador Records, 1947—b/w ""She of the Coffee Brown Eyes""), it features a Latin-style beat, and Martin used the alias ""Felix Figueroa"" when performing and recording the song. It was frequently played on the Dr. Demento radio show in the 1970s, serving as the show's opening theme. The lyrics are primarily a recitation of Los Angeles-area streetnames: Doheny, Cahuenga, La Brea, La Jolla, Sequoia, Alvarado, Santa Monica, Beverly Drive, and Vine (Figueroa is also a Los Angeles street).

"Long, Long Way from Home"
Long, Long Way from Home ""Long, Long Way from Home"" is a song written by Mick Jones, Lou Gramm & Ian McDonald that was initially released on Foreigner's debut album. It was the third single taken from the album. The lyrics refer to a person leaving a small town to try to succeed in New York City (""I left a small town for the apple in decay"") and the loneliness he feels there. According to Gramm, the lyrics are autobiographical, reflecting his experience moving from Rochester to New York City. Gramm and Jones have stated that this was the first

many of the songs were believed to have been composed with Judge at their home, The Plough Inn (now The Tipperary Inn), in Balsall Common. After Harry Williams' death in 1924 Jack Judge claimed sole credit for the song, allegedly writing it for a 5-shilling bet in Stalybridge on 30 January 1912 and performing it the next night at the local music hall. However, the tune and most of the lyrics to the song already existed in the form of a manuscript, ""It's A Long Way to Connemara"". This manuscript was co-written by Williams and Judge. The writing partners split

The chorus is as follows: The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. Bibliography It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind) ""It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A (And the Girl I Left Behind)"" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Val Trainor wrote the lyrics. Harry Von Tilzer composed the music. The song was published by Harry Von Tilzer Publishing Company of New York, New York. It was written for both voice and piano. Edward H. Pfeiffer designed the sheet music cover. Pfeiffer illustrated

"Tom and Jerry"
was also filmed in the standard Academy ratio and format. Tom (named ""Jasper"" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat. (""Tom"" is a generic name for a male cat.) He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named ""Jinx"" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits. Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting

Jen Nessel of ""The New York Times"", ""The Czech style had nothing in common with these gag-driven cartoons."" Whereas Hanna-Barbera's shorts generally took place in and outside of a house, Deitch's shorts opted for more exotic locations, such as a 19th-century whaling ship, the jungles of Nairobi, an Ancient Greek acropolis, or the Wild West. In addition, Mammy Two-Shoes was replaced as Tom's owner by Clint Clobber, a bald, overweight, short-tempered, middle-aged white man who was also much more brutal and violent in punishing Tom's actions as compared to previous owners, by beating and thrashing Tom repeatedly, stomping on his

go out of his way to care and comfort his son and make sure that he is safe from Tom. Tyke loves his father and Spike loves his son and they get along like friends, although most of time they would be taking a nap or Spike would teach Tyke the main facts of life of being a dog. Like Spike, Tyke's appearance has altered throughout the years, from grey (with white paws) to creamy tan. When Tom and Jerry Kids first aired, this was the first time that viewers were able to hear Tyke speak. Butch is a black,

benefits Spike, who promises not to interfere ever again; causing Jerry to frantically leave the house and run into the distance (in Hic-cup Pup). Spike is well known for his famous """"Listen pussycat!"""" catchphrase when he threatens Tom, his other famous catchphrase is """"That's my boy!"""" normally said when he supports or congratulates his son. Tyke is described as a cute, sweet looking, happy and a lovable puppy. He is Spike's son, but unlike Spike, Tyke does not speak and only communicates (mostly towards his father) by barking, yapping, wagging his tail, whimpering and growling. Tyke's father Spike would always

"Tom Cat"
Tom Cat Thomas ""Tom"" Cat is a fictional character and one of the title characters (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of ""Tom and Jerry"" theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, Tom is a grey and white anthropomorphic domestic short haired Tuxedo cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short ""Puss Gets the Boot"" Tom was originally known as ""Jasper"" during his debut in that short; however, beginning with his next appearance in ""The Midnight Snack"" he is known as ""Tom"" or ""Thomas"". His name, ""Tom Cat"", is based on ""tomcat"",

noises) as well as attacking indiscriminately, not caring whether it was Tom or Jerry though usually attacking Tom. In later cartoons, Spike spoke often, using a voice and expressions (performed by Billy Bletcher and later Daws Butler) modeled after comedian Jimmy Durante. Spike's coat has altered throughout the years between grey and creamy tan. The addition of Spike's son Tyke in the late 1940s led to both a slight softening of Spike's character and a short-lived spin-off theatrical series (""Spike and Tyke""). Most cartoons with Spike in it have a system; usually Spike is trying to accomplish something (such as

his appearance in the 1945 MGM musical ""Anchors Aweigh"". """" is the first (and so far only) installment of the series where the famous cat-and-mouse duo regularly speak. In that movie, Tom was voiced by Richard Kind, and Jerry was voiced by Dana Hill. In his attempts to catch Jerry, Tom often has to deal with Spike (known as ""Killer"" and ""Butch"" in some shorts), an angry, vicious but easily duped bulldog who tries to attack Tom for bothering him or his son Tyke while trying to get Jerry. Originally, Spike was unnamed and mute (aside from howls and biting

"Tom Cat"
Framed Roger Rabbit"". Tom Cat Thomas ""Tom"" Cat is a fictional character and one of the title characters (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of ""Tom and Jerry"" theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, Tom is a grey and white anthropomorphic domestic short haired Tuxedo cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short ""Puss Gets the Boot"" Tom was originally known as ""Jasper"" during his debut in that short; however, beginning with his next appearance in ""The Midnight Snack"" he is known as ""Tom"" or ""Thomas"". His name, ""Tom Cat"", is

as a Mouseketeer, often with a high-pitched French tone. However, during a short in which he rescued Robin Hood, his voice was instead more masculine, gruff, and cockney accented. Mammy Two Shoes is a heavy-set middle-aged mammy who often has to deal with the mayhem generated by the lead characters. Voiced by character actress Lillian Randolph, she is often seen as the owner of Tom. Her face was only shown once, very briefly, in ""Saturday Evening Puss"". Mammy's appearances have often been edited out, dubbed, or re-animated as a slim white woman in later television showings, since her character is

"Spike and Tyke (characters)"
Spike and Tyke (characters) Spike and Tyke are fictional characters from the ""Tom and Jerry"" animated film series, created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Spike Bulldog (who goes by different names in a few episodes - Killer for four episodes, Butch for two episodes, and Bulldog for one) is portrayed as an American bulldog, who is generally friendly and amiable, and a loving father to his son Tyke in several episodes. However, Spike's character also has a very stern, and fierce side, for occasions such as when he is defending his son Tyke. Spike made his first appearance in

"2017 Indian presidential election"
of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017. There was initial speculation that the incumbent, Pranab Mukherjee, would seek re-election. However, he decided not to run again in 2017, meaning that his term in office ended on 24 July 2017. The President of India is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of parliament, the elected members of the Legislative assemblies of the 29 states and

the President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. The election is held by means of a secret ballot under the single transferable vote system. The manner of election of President is provided by Article 55 of the Constitution. The returning officer for the election was Anoop Mishra, the Secretary General of Lok Sabha. At the time of the election the NDA coalition itself was short of a majority by about 25,000 votes, but was expected to be able to rely on other parties to breach the small deficit without difficulty. Although

"2017 Indian vice-presidential election"
2017 Indian vice-presidential election The elections to the next Vice-President of India, were held on 5 August 2017. The announcement was made by the Election Commission of India. Rajya Sabha Secretary-General Shumsher K. Sheriff served as the Returning Officer for the 15th Vice-Presidential election. Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, completed his second term on 10 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu won the election and took oath as 13th Vice-President of India on 11 August 2017 at Darbar Hall, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi. The Vice President of India is the exofficio chairperson of the ""Rajya Sabha"" (upper house of the Indian parliament) and

2017 Indian presidential election A presidential election was held in India on 17 July 2017 with the votes counted and the results announced on 20 July 2017. Ram Nath Kovind became 14th President of India. President Pranab Mukherjee, whose term of office was due to expire on 24 July 2017, declined to seek re-election due to health concerns. Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds

India Jagdish Singh Khehar, to take office as the 14th President of India on 25 July 2017 at the Central Hall located in The Parliament House, New Delhi. Immediately after the results were announced, Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted, ""Congratulations to Shri Ram Nath Kovind Ji on being elected the President of India! Best wishes for a fruitful & inspiring tenure"". In another tweet he added ""Gladdened by the extensive support for Shri Ram Nath Kovind Ji among MPs & across various parties. I thank members of the electoral college"". 2017 Indian presidential election A presidential election was held in

the election was not a popular vote, some general polling was performed to measure public opinion. In both ""Business Insider""-Ipsos and NDTV polls comparing support of the two candidates, Kovind was the more popular choice with 71% and 63% support respectively. Two candidates were nominated. Both the governing NDA coalition and the opposition UPA coalition put forward candidates from their dominant parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress respectively. Ram Nath Kovind was declared the winner after the counting of votes which was held on 20 July 2017. He was administered oath by the Chief Justice of

the office on 11 August 2017. Of 790 seats in Parliament, 5 seats were vacant during the election. !style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" class=""unsortable""| !style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" align=center|Candidate<br> !style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" |Party<br> !style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" |Electoral Votes<br> !style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" |% of Votes<br> ! colspan=""3"" style=""text-align:left;""| Total ! style=""text-align:right;""|760 ! style=""text-align:right;""|100.00 2017 Indian vice-presidential election The elections to the next Vice-President of India, were held on 5 August 2017. The announcement was made by the Election Commission of India. Rajya Sabha Secretary-General Shumsher K. Sheriff served as the Returning Officer for the 15th Vice-Presidential election. Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, completed his second term on 10 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu won the election

functions as its speaker. He also assumes the post of the President of India in case a vacancy and stays in the post for a maximum period of six months and performs all the functions of the President. The Vice President also has a term of five years. During the election, the outgoing vice president was Mohammad Hamid Ansari. He was elected to the post in 2007 and re-elected in 2012. His term ended on 10 August 2017. The Election Commission of India announced that the election would be held on 5 August and the result would be declared on

18 opposition parties. He is the grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and C. Rajagopalachari, two prominent figures of Indian freedom movement. A former diplomat, Gandhi is an alumnus of St. Stephen's College and has also served as India's envoy to Sri Lanka, Norway and South Africa. He has also held the post of Governor of West Bengal and presided over the state during Nandigram violence. Gandhi had the support of Indian National Congress, Janata Dal (United), Rashtriya Janata Dal, Nationalist Congress Party and the Left Front. Following the election, Venkaiah Naidu was elected 13th Vice-President of India. He has sworn-in to

"2017 elections in India"
2017 elections in India The elections in India in 2017 include the seven state legislative assembly elections. A presidential election was held in India on 17 July 2017 before the term of the President Pranab Mukherjee ended. Ram Nath Kovind was declared the winner after the counting of votes which was held on 20 July 2017. A Vice Presidential election were held in India on 5 August 2017 before the term of Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari ends. Venkaiah Naidu was elected as the Vice President of India. Mr Naidu received 516 votes defeating the opposition's candidate, Gopal Krishna Gandhi,

"PATH (rail system)"
PATH (rail system) Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) is a rapid transit system connecting the cities of Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City, in metropolitan northern New Jersey, with the lower and midtown sections of Manhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week; four lines operate during the daytime on weekdays, while two lines operate during weekends, late nights, and holidays. The system contains 13 stations and has

injuring 28 people. Part of the ceiling at Journal Square fell onto the platform on August 9, 1983, killing 2 and injuring 8. On January 7, 2013, an escalator at Exchange Place suddenly reversed itself, resulting in five injuries. PATH (rail system) Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) is a rapid transit system connecting the cities of Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City, in metropolitan northern New Jersey, with the lower and midtown sections of Manhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Port Authority of New York and

"Pennsylvania Station (Newark)"
Pennsylvania Station (Newark) Pennsylvania Station (also known as Newark Penn Station) is an intermodal passenger station in Newark, New Jersey. Located at Raymond Plaza, between Market Street and Raymond Boulevard, Newark Penn Station is served by multiple rail and bus carriers, making it the fourth-busiest transportation hub in the New York metropolitan area. It is served by Newark Light Rail, three NJ Transit commuter rail lines, the PATH rapid transit system, and all 11 of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services (including the ""Acela Express""). The station is also served by intercity bus carriers Greyhound, Peter Pan, and Trailways, as well as

first prefabricated ""ribs"" for the pedestrian walkway under Fulton Street were installed on the site. Platform A, the first platform of the permanent station, opened February 25, 2014, serving Hoboken-bound riders. Platform B and the remaining half of Platform A opened a year later on May 7, 2015. The Oculus headhouse partially opened to the public on March 3, 2016, marking the opening of the hub. Platforms C and D, the last two platforms in the station, were opened on September 8 of that year. The Port Authority also began reconstructing the Harrison station in New Jersey in 2009. The

line can accommodate trains composed of up to eight cars. In 2009, the Port Authority started upgrading platforms along that line so that it could accommodate 10-car trains. There are currently 13 active PATH stations: All terminals (33rd Street, Hoboken, World Trade Center, Journal Square and Newark) are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as are Exchange Place, Grove Street, and Pavonia/Newport. Harrison is currently undergoing reconstruction and will also become accessible, scheduled for completion in 2018. When this project is completed, only four stations will not be accessible to wheelchair users, all of which will be

"Grove Street station (PATH)"
Grove Street station (PATH) Grove Street (originally Grove-Henderson Streets) is a station on the PATH system. Located at the intersection of Grove Street, Newark Avenue and Railroad Avenue in the Downtown neighborhood of Jersey City, New Jersey, it is served by the Newark–World Trade Center line at all times, the Journal Square–33rd Street line on weekdays (except for during the late-evening and early-morning hours), and the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) line on weekends and during late-evening and early-morning weekday hours. The station, opened on September 6, 1910, has two tracks and one island platform. Originally the station had exits

at a different location from the original Hudson Terminal. The new station cost $35 million to build, and saw 85,000 daily passengers at the time of its opening. At this time, the Hudson Terminal was shut down. In January 1973, the Port Authority released plans to double the length of the PATH system. The plan called for a extension of the Newark–World Trade Center line from Newark Penn Station to Plainfield, New Jersey. A stop at Elizabeth would allow the PATH to serve Newark Airport as well. At the Newark Airport stop, there would be a transfer to a people

"World Trade Center station (PATH)"
World Trade Center station (PATH) World Trade Center is a terminal station on the PATH system. It is located in the World Trade Center complex, within the Financial District neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is served by the Newark–World Trade Center line at all times, as well as by the Hoboken–World Trade Center line on weekdays, and is the eastern terminus of both. The World Trade Center station is located near the site of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M)'s Hudson Terminal, which opened on July 19, 1909. In 1961, the Port Authority of New York and

stop at Summit Avenue (now Journal Square), located between Grove Street and Manhattan Transfer, opened on April 14, 1912, as an infill station on the Newark-Hudson Terminal line, though only one platform was in use at the time. The Summit Avenue station was completed on February 23, 1913, allowing service from 33rd Street to terminate there. The last station, at Harrison, opened on March 6, 1913. Originally, the Hudson Tubes were designed to link three of the major railroad terminals on the Hudson River in New Jersey—the Erie Railroad (Erie) and Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in Jersey City and the Delaware,

new facility was designed to give about a minute to allow the detergent to work, helping better clean the cars. The project allowed the Port Authority to deactivate the car wash at 33rd Street, providing more flexibility in terminal operations at the station. In April 1994, a new entrance to the Exchange Place was opened making the station ADA accessible. The new entrance was glass-enclosed and featured two elevators which led to a lower-level passageway down, from where another elevator went down the short distance to platform level. On April 29, 1996, three trains began running express on the Newark–World

"U.S. Route 66"
U.S. Route 66 U.S. Route 66 (US 66 or Route 66), also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways in the U.S. Highway System. US 66 was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in the United States, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending in Santa Monica, California, near Los Angeles, covering a total of . It was recognized in popular

had no prior access to a major national thoroughfare. The numerical designation 66 was assigned to the Chicago-to-Los Angeles route on April 30, 1926, in Springfield, Missouri. A placard in Park Central Square was dedicated to the city by the Route 66 Association of Missouri, and traces of the ""Mother Road"" are still visible in downtown Springfield along Kearney Street, Glenstone Avenue, College, and St. Louis streets and on Route 266 to Halltown, Missouri. Championed by Avery when the first talks about a national highway system began, US 66 was first signed into law in 1927 as one of the

gave the road that name. A plaque dedicating the highway to Will Rogers is still located in Santa Monica, California. There are more plaques like this; one can be found in Galena, Kansas. It was originally located on the Kansas-Missouri state line, but moved to the Howard Litch Memorial Park in 2001. US 66 had its western terminus in California, and covered in the state. The terminus was located at the Pacific Coast Highway, then US 101 Alternate and now SR 1, in Santa Monica, California. The highway ran through major cities such as Santa Monica, Los Angeles, and San

"Interstate 66"
followed Canal Road and an expanded Whitehurst Freeway to rejoin Interstate 66 at K Street. Interstate 266 was canceled in 1972 in the face of community opposition during Washington's ""freeway revolts"". Interstate 66 Interstate 66 (I-66) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. As indicated by its even route number, it runs in an east–west direction. Its current western terminus is near Middletown, Virginia, at an interchange with Interstate 81; its eastern terminus is in Washington, D.C., at an interchange with U.S. Route 29. Because of its terminus in the Shenandoah Valley, the highway was once called the

New Mexico, to north of Los Lunas, New Mexico, the road originally turned north from current I-40 along much of what is now US 84 to near Las Vegas, New Mexico, followed (roughly) I-25—then the decertified US 85 through Santa Fe and Albuquerque to Los Lunas and then turned northwest along the present New Mexico State Road 6 (NM 6) alignment to a point near Laguna. In 1937, a straight-line route was completed from west of Santa Rosa through Moriarty and east–west through Albuquerque and west to Laguna. This newer routing saved travelers as much as four hours of travel

"U.S. Route 66 in Missouri"
U.S. Route 66 in Missouri U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) is a former east–west United States Numbered Highway, running from Santa Monica, California to Chicago, Illinois. In Missouri, the highway ran from downtown St. Louis at the Mississippi River to the Kansas state line west of Joplin. The highway was originally Route 14 from St. Louis to Joplin and Route 1F from Joplin to Kansas. It underwent two major realignments (in the St. Louis and Joplin areas) and several lesser realignments in the cities of St. Louis, Springfield, and Joplin. Current highways covering several miles of the former

through New Mexico. According to legend, the rerouting was done at the behest of Democratic Governor Arthur T. Hannett to punish the Republican Santa Fe Ring, which had long dominated New Mexico out of Santa Fe. In 1940, the first freeway in Los Angeles was incorporated into US 66; this was the Arroyo Seco Parkway, later known as the Pasadena Freeway; now again known as Arroyo Seco Parkway. In 1953, the Oatman Highway through the Black Mountains was completely bypassed by a new route between Kingman, Arizona, and Needles, California; by the 1960s, Oatman, Arizona, was virtually abandoned as a

Interstate 66 Interstate 66 (I-66) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. As indicated by its even route number, it runs in an east–west direction. Its current western terminus is near Middletown, Virginia, at an interchange with Interstate 81; its eastern terminus is in Washington, D.C., at an interchange with U.S. Route 29. Because of its terminus in the Shenandoah Valley, the highway was once called the ""Shenandoah Freeway."" Much of the route parallels U.S. Route 29 or Virginia State Route 55. Interstate 66 has no physical or historical connection to the famous U.S. Route 66 which is

"U.S. Route 6"
U.S. Route 6 U.S. Route 6 (US 6), also called the Grand Army of the Republic Highway, honoring the American Civil War veterans association, is a main route of the U.S. Highway system. While it currently runs east-northeast from Bishop, California to Provincetown, Massachusetts, the route has been modified several times. The highway's longest-lasting routing, from 1936 to 1964, had its western terminus at Long Beach, California. During this time, US 6 was the longest highway in the country. In 1964, the state of California renumbered its highways, and most of the route within California was transferred to other highways.

This sharp increase in tourism in turn gave rise to a burgeoning trade in all manner of roadside attractions, including teepee-shaped motels, frozen custard stands, Indian curio shops, and reptile farms. Meramec Caverns near St. Louis, began advertising on barns, billing itself as the ""Jesse James hideout"". The Big Texan advertised a free steak dinner to anyone who could consume the entire meal in one hour. It also marked the birth of the fast-food industry: Red's Giant Hamburg in Springfield, Missouri, site of the first drive-through restaurant, and the first McDonald's in San Bernardino, California. Changes like these to the

"Sister Wives"
Carolyn Jessop, a woman who fled from a polygamist sect. In October 2010, TLC announced it had commissioned a second season, which began in March 2011. A TLC interview with the Brown family was broadcast on October 31, 2010, and a one-hour program featuring the honeymoon of Kody Brown and Robyn Sullivan aired on November 22, 2010. The nine-episode first season ran from September 26 to November 21, 2010. The season premiere introduced viewers to Kody Brown and his three wives, Meri, Janelle, and Christine, and their twelve children, all of whom lived in a ranch-style home with three interconnected

other artists' designs and products. Christine's mother moves in with her in Las Vegas, and in episode four, the Browns allow two anthropologists to live with them for two days to see the inner workings of polygamy, an arrangement that could either put their lifestyle in a positive or negative light. Finally, after five years of mental deliberation, Meri files for legal divorce from Kody so Kody can adopt Robyn's three children from her previous marriage. By the end of the season, Meri and Kody maintained that they would continue their relationship. Episode one picks up with the Brown Family

additional associated crimes (e.g., welfare fraud or marriage of underage persons), the Browns had no credible fear of future prosecution and thus lacked standing. Sister Wives Sister Wives is an American reality television series broadcast on TLC that premiered on September 26, 2010. The show documents the life of a polygamist family, which includes patriarch Kody Brown, his four wives, and their 18 children. The family began the series living in Lehi, Utah, but has since moved to Las Vegas, Nevada in 2011, and the unincorporated township of Baderville, Arizona, (northwest of Flagstaff, Arizona) in mid-2018. Brown and his four

his polygamist arrangement is legal because he is legally married only to one woman, and the other marriages are spiritual unions. The series led to the Brown family being investigated for possible prosecution. This resulted in a federal judge declaring Utah laws that guard against polygamy to be unconstitutional; citing that state may still outlaw plural marriages, but it cannot prohibit polygamous cohabitation. The show follows the lives of advertising salesman Kody Brown, his wives Meri, Janelle, Christine, and Robyn, and their 18 children. In the first season the show televised Brown's courting of and marriage to his fourth wife,

six children: daughters Madison and Savanah and sons Logan, Hunter, Garrison, and Gabriel. Kody and Christine have six children: daughters Aspyn, Mykelti, Gwendlyn, Ysabel, and and son Paedon. Robyn had three children from her first marriage, which was monogamous: Dayton, Aurora, and Breanna. Kody legally adopted them in June 2015. Kody and Robyn have two children: son Solomon and daughter Ariella. The family has one grandchild, Axel, from Kody and Janelle's daughter, Madison. Meri, Robyn, and Christine were all raised in polygamist families, but Janelle was not. Although Christine's mother left the faith she still supports them. Months before the

Sister Wives Sister Wives is an American reality television series broadcast on TLC that premiered on September 26, 2010. The show documents the life of a polygamist family, which includes patriarch Kody Brown, his four wives, and their 18 children. The family began the series living in Lehi, Utah, but has since moved to Las Vegas, Nevada in 2011, and the unincorporated township of Baderville, Arizona, (northwest of Flagstaff, Arizona) in mid-2018. Brown and his four wives have stated they participated in the show to make the public more aware of polygamist families and to combat societal prejudices. Brown believes

the jealousy that has arisen from Kody's engagement to Robyn. Kody proposes in vitro fertilisation, but she turns down the idea as she is only interested in a naturally occurring conception. As Robyn's wedding approaches, the three sister wives help Robyn prepare, and they begin to bond. However, Kody upsets his wives when he reveals he secretly chose Robyn's wedding dress himself, which makes Christine feel so betrayed that she angrily walks away in mid-interview. Kody eventually apologizes, and the five reconcile. The first-season finale ends with the wedding of Kody and Robyn, where Meri, Janelle, and Christine present her

episode 5, Kody, Christine, and their children take a trip to Las Vegas, which we later learn is the beginning of the Browns' subsequent move to Las Vegas. The final episodes of Season 2 follow the Browns with their real estate agent Mona Riekki through their struggle to find a home in Las Vegas suitable for polygamists, telling the kids that they are moving, and the subsequent move to Las Vegas. Realtor, Mona Riekki finds rental homes for each of the wives and Kody. Once the Browns settle into their new homes they discuss the possibility of finding a home

Robyn Sullivan, in 2010. Sullivan was the first new wife to enter the family in 16 years. The only legal marriage was between Kody and his first wife Meri until their legal divorce in September 2014. (He legally married fourth wife Robyn in December 2014 in order to legally adopt her three children). The other marriages are considered spiritual unions. As of 2018, Kody has been married to Meri for 28 years, Janelle for 25 years, Christine for 24 years, and Robyn for 8 years. Kody and Meri have a daughter named Mariah, their only child. Kody and Janelle have

with a Claddagh ring to welcome her into the family. Season 2 ran 23 episodes from March 13, 2011 to November 27, 2011, though many sources refer to the episodes airing from September 25, 2011 to November 27, 2011 as Season 3. This is due to a short hiatus from June 5, 2011 to September 25, 2011. Season 2 begins with the Browns heading to New York to appear on national television for the first time as open polygamists, while back home the kids head off to their first day of public school. Throughout the season, the Browns visit various

"Houston Astros"
of discriminatory hiring practices regarding women and minorities, among other issues. This delayed MLB's approval process. During the summer of 2011, a frustrated Crane hinted that the delays might threaten the deal. In October 2011, Crane met personally with MLB Commissioner Bud Selig, in a meeting that was described as ""constructive"". On November 15, 2011, it was announced that Crane had agreed to move the franchise to the American League for the 2013 season. The move was part of an overall divisional realignment of MLB, with the National and American leagues each having 15 teams in three geographically balanced divisions.

Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in along with the New York Mets. The current name—reflecting Houston's role as the control center of

"History of the Houston Astros"
among other issues. This delayed MLB's approval process. During the summer of 2011, a frustrated Crane hinted that the delays might threaten the deal. In October 2011, Crane met personally with MLB Commissioner Bud Selig, in a meeting that was described as ""constructive"". On November 15, 2011, it was announced that Crane had agreed to move the franchise to the American League for the 2013 season. The move was part of an overall divisional realignment of MLB, with the National and American leagues each having 15 teams in three geographically balanced divisions. Crane was given a $70 million concession by

the new league the Continental League. Wanting to protect potential new markets, both existing leagues chose to expand from eight teams to ten. However, plans eventually fell through for the Houston franchise after the Houston Buffaloes owner, Marty Marion, could not come to an agreement with the HSA to sell the team. To make matters worse, the Continental League as a whole folded in August 1960. However, on October 17, 1960, the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in which their team could begin play in the 1962 season. According to the Major League Baseball

announced the formation of a new league to compete with the established National and American Leagues. They called the new league the Continental League. Wanting to protect potential new markets, both existing leagues chose to expand from eight teams to ten. However, plans eventually fell through for the Houston franchise after the Houston Buffaloes owner, Marty Marion, could not come to an agreement with the HSA to sell the team. To make matters worse, the Continental League as a whole folded in August 1960. However, on October 17, 1960, the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports

both the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and the state of Texas, its first World Series title. From 1888 until 1961, Houston's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston: George

History of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team began with the name Colt .45s in 1962 and changed their name to the Houston Astros in 1965 when they began playing in the Astrodome. The team has played in three ballparks in Houston, Colt .45 Stadium (1962-1964),

RBIs and the league with 40 doubles, but batted just .264 and had 102 strikeouts in his second season with the Astros. Pitcher J. R. Richard made his debut in September of the 1971 season against the Giants. In November 1971 the Astros and Cincinnati Reds made one of the biggest blockbuster trades in the history of the sport, and helped create The Big Red Machine of the 1970s, with the Reds getting the better end of the deal. Houston sent second baseman Joe Morgan, infielder Denis Menke, pitcher Jack Billingham, outfielder César Gerónimo and prospect Ed Armbrister to Cincinnati

the Astrodome (1965-1999), and, currently, Minute Maid Park, a stadium with a retractable roof. The Astros hold one World Series title and one national league title. From 1888 until 1961, Houston's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought a Major League team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston: George Kirksey and Craig Cullinan, who had led a futile attempt to purchase the St. Louis Cardinals in 1952;

series of consecutive base hits. The Astros suffered a 9-6 loss and the 2015 ALDS was tied at 2-2. Then the 2015 ALDS went back to Kansas City, where the Royals clinched the series in the fifth game. History of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team

"Regulation of nicotine marketing"
anti-smoking advertisements at no cost to the organizations providing such advertisements. In 1970, Congress took their anti-smoking initiative one step further and passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on January 2, 1971. In April 1970, President Nixon signed it into law. The Virginia Slims brand was the last commercial shown, with ""a 60-second revue from flapper to Female Lib"", shown at 11:59 p.m. on 1 January during a break on ""The Tonight Show"". After the television ban, most cigarette advertising took place in magazines, newspapers, and on billboards. Smokeless

College of Physicians, who highlighted the health problems and recommended stricter laws on the sale and advertising of tobacco products. In 1971, an agreement between the government and the tobacco industry saw the inclusion of health warnings on all cigarette packets. All television commercials for cigarettes were banned on 1 August 1965, although commercials for loose tobacco and cigars continued until 1991. Non-television advertising campaigns were still allowed in the UK but came under stricter guidelines in 1986, which in particular, prevented adverts from actually showing a person smoking. The tobacco producers responded with increasingly indirect and abstract campaigns, among

tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Since 1984, cigarette companies have been forced to place Surgeon's General warnings on all cigarette packs and advertisements because of the passing of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act. The 2010 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act prohibits tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events. It also prevents the display of tobacco logos or products on T-shirts, hats, or other apparel. The

1969, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canada's national broadcasting service eliminated all tobacco advertising on both its radio and TV networks. On 21 September 1995 the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the Tobacco Products Control Act as legal, forcing the tobacco companies operating in Canada to print hazard warnings on all cigarette packs. However, the Court struck down the requirement that the health warnings be unattributed, as this requirement violated the right to free speech, further ruling that it was in the federal government's jurisdiction to pass such laws, as it fell under the peace, order and good government clause. Recently,

"John Banzhaf"
and voluntary health organizations made extremely creative spots and provided them to stations."" In response, tobacco companies offered to stop all advertising on television, if this coordinated action was granted immunity from antitrust laws; they further agreed to have warning labels on cigarette packages and advertising. Tobacco ads ceased to appear on television in the United States at the end of 1970 (on 1 January 1971). Cigarette advertising shifted to print media. Consequently, anti-smoking announcements were no longer required to satisfy the FCC's fairness doctrine. In the late 1960s, Banzhaf and the Action on Smoking and Health worked against passive

"Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters"
from 1952 to the early 1970s. In 1976, the code's program standards were suspended after a Los Angeles federal judge ruled that the Family Viewing Hour violated the First Amendment. In 1979, the Carter Justice Department challenged the code's Section XIV time standards limiting advertising on children's programming, alleging that they “represented an unlawful effort to restrict supply of commercial availabilities and hence drive up prices for these spots.” They then brought an antitrust action against the NAB. After a summary judgment was handed down against the NAB in 1982 partially striking down Section XIV, the NAB and the Reagan

"Family Viewing Hour"
Family Viewing Hour The Family Viewing Hour was a policy established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States in 1975. Under the policy, each television network in the U.S. had a responsibility to air ""family-friendly"" programming during the first hour of the prime time lineup (8 to 9 p.m. Eastern Time). The hour disappeared in 1977 after the policy was overturned in court; however, the concept has continued to be used by some viewers who still believe that the 8:00 p.m. time slot in primetime has an obligation to have family-friendly programming. In 1974, there was widespread

case. The show's cast responded by recording a satirical, never-aired rendition of the show's theme song, retitled ""These Are the Days"". On November 4, 1976, United States district court Judge Warren J. Ferguson declared the Family Viewing Hour null and void, starting with the fall 1977 season. Ferguson stated while the idea was good in theory, the FCC had overstepped its bounds in having it instituted; the FCC privately lobbied the three major networks to adopt the policy instead of holding public hearings on the matter, and Ferguson ruled on those grounds that the Family Viewing Hour had no binding

products were withdrawn from radio and television. A decade later in 1973, cigarette advertising was banned on billboards and in cinemas, and print media advertising was restricted to half a newspaper page. In 1995 all remaining tobacco advertising and sponsorship was banned except for point-of-sale advertising and some tobacco sponsorship exemptions. Point-of-sale advertising ceased on 11 December 1998. Upon point-of-sale advertising being finally banned in New Zealand there are other examples of tobacco advertising that will still remain. These include the use of tobacco packets as advertisements, exempted tobacco sponsorships, tobacco advertising and sponsorship in imported magazines and on cable

"TV advertisements by country"
third might be that television is currently the main medium to advertise, prompting advertising campaigns by everyone from cell-phone companies, political campaigns, fast food restaurants, to local businesses, and small businesses, prompting longer commercial breaks. Another reason is that advertisements often cut into certain parts in the regular programming that are either climaxes of the plot or a major turning point in the show, which many people find exciting or entertaining to watch. Beginning on January 2, 1971, advertisements featuring cigarettes were banned from American TV. Advertisements for alcohol products are allowed, but the consumption of any alcohol product is

"Fix You"
Fix You ""Fix You"" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their third studio album, ""X&Y"" (2005). The track is built around an organ accompanied by piano and guitar in the first half and an alternative rock style in the second half featuring electric guitar, bass and drums. It was released on 5 September 2005 as the second single from ""X&Y"" and has reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The song reached number 18 in the United States ""Billboard"" Hot Modern Rock Tracks. Promo singles

"This Is a Fix"
coma all those years ago. Written after a party in Beverly Hills the band attended, they were asked by Barbara Broccoli - the daughter of Albert R. Broccoli, to come up with a James Bond theme tune. The song was written to oppose the convention of being about the films hero - 007, and instead concentrates on the ""bad guys"" - because the band felt they were more interesting than the ""good guy"". In interview Frost also has noted they never intended to use the chorus because they though they were stupid, however eventually got used to them and forgot.

"Difficult to Cure"
left the band due to his dissatisfaction over the material. American singer Joe Lynn Turner, formerly of Fandango was recruited and sang over already completed musical tracks. Turner stated that, because of this, he was singing in higher keys than he would do normally (and would do subsequently). ""I Surrender"" would be the band's highest charting single in the UK, reaching No. 3. The original 1981 LP and cassette releases had the title of the fifth track as ""Vielleicht Das Nachster Zeit (Maybe Next Time)"". This was a mis-translation from the German, which was corrected on later releases. However, the

2007 - after the re-release of ""Raoul"" that the band's record label had insisted on. This was a studio recording of ""Steve McQueen"", which would have possibly been accompanied by ""Revolution"" - both of which were recorded around Christmas 2006 with former band member Alex Pennie - before he quit the band in 2007. this single was never released, for an unknown reason. The re-recording of ""Steve McQueen"" with Paul Mullen replacing Pennie premiered on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show on 7 July 2008, with the music video beginning airing the day after, as well as a clip of the

"The Cure (song)"
The Cure (song) ""The Cure"" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga. She co-wrote the song with DJ White Shadow, Nick Monson, Lukas Nelson, and Mark Nilan; Detroit City, Gaga, and Monson produced the song. The song originated from a positive vibe between the collaborators, created as a response to atrocities happening around the world. It was developed in Los Angeles, California, where Gaga and her team were working on some music before the singer became busy acting in the 2018 film ""A Star Is Born"". Consisting of finger snaps and an electronic dance beat, ""The

"Fix You"
were released for the UK and US. Blythe Danner, the mother of Gwyneth Paltrow and former mother-in-law of Chris Martin, stated in an interview in May 2012 that Martin 'wrote the song for Gwyneth when her father died and I weep every time I hear it'. ""Fix You"" was critically acclaimed by music critics. It has been widely sampled, with different covers and sounds. The music video was garnered as a tribute to the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The guitar solo of ""Fix You"" is currently used as the player introduction at all of the National Hockey League's Montreal

""corrected"" version still contains multiple spelling errors, as the correct German for ""Maybe Next Time"" is ""Vielleicht beim nächsten Mal"". The laughter at the end of the last track is a sample of Oliver Hardy. On the original LP, the laughter is an endless loop as it plays in the run-out groove, while on the CD it loops a few times before stopping. A remastered CD reissue was released in May 1999, with packaging duplicating the original vinyl release. The song ""Spotlight Kid"" was covered by the German power metal band Angel Dust for their album ""Border of Reality"" (1998).

"Fix You"
On an episode of the BBC comedy game show ""Never Mind the Buzzcocks"", the Coldplay song ""Violet Hill"" was used in a segment, and when regular panellist Noel Fielding said that he ""genuinely hated Coldplay,"" host David Tennant then played a snippet of ""Fix You"" and mouthed the line """"And I will try...to fix you."""" Comedian Catherine Tate also finished the lyrics of the chorus correctly in a different segment of the same episode. The song was also played at the wedding of the Swedish prince Carl Philip and Sofia Hellqvist on 13 June 2015, performed by Salem al Fakir.

"Fix You"
an oxygen tank. The performance was originally planned to be a duet between Knittle and Bob Salvini, another former chorus member, but Salvini died shortly before the show. Knittle performed it as a solo, as a tribute to his friend. The performance was initially recorded for a British documentary that aired on Channel 4; footage of the performance was uploaded to YouTube in November 2006 to positive response. An expanded version of the film, titled ""Young@Heart"", debuted at the 2007 Los Angeles Film Festival and was released in US theatres in 2008. The song was featured in an episode of

"Fix You"
and wishes them goodnight. The video debuted on 1 August 2005. It was nominated at the 15th annual Music Video Production Association Awards in the category of Adult Contemporary. After its release, the music video was repurposed as a tribute to the victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings, although it was filmed before they occurred. The song appears in ""The Acoustic Album"" (2006). It was performed in 2006 by the New England octogenarian chorus group Young@Heart. The group's performance was led by former chorus member Fred Knittle, who suffered from congestive heart failure and breathed with assistance from

points on a sphere or angles in a circle are measured in units called

Radius
reference plane is considered horizontal), ""longitudinal position"", or ""axial position"". In a spherical coordinate system, the radius describes the distance of a point from a fixed origin. Its position if further defined by the polar angle measured between the radial direction and a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle, that is, the angle between the orthogonal projection of the radial direction on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith, and a fixed reference direction in that plane. Radius In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the

"Angular unit"
Angular unit Throughout history, angles have been measured in many different units. The most contemporary units are the degree ( ° ) and radian (rad), but many others have been used throughout history. The purpose of this page is to aggregate other concepts pertaining to the angular unit, where additional explanation can be provided. The size of a geometric angle is usually characterized by the magnitude of the smallest rotation that maps one of the rays into the other. Angles that have the same size are said to be ""equal"" or ""congruent"" or ""equal in measure"". In some contexts, such

Circle
and an exterior. In everyday use, the term ""circle"" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure, or to the whole figure including its interior; in strict technical usage, the circle is only the boundary and the whole figure is called a disc. A circle may also be defined as a special kind of ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and the eccentricity is 0, or the two-dimensional shape enclosing the most area per unit perimeter squared, using calculus of variations. The word ""circle"" derives from the Greek κίρκος/κύκλος (""kirkos/kuklos""), itself a metathesis

"Trigonometric functions"
Trigonometric functions In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are functions of an angle. They relate the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides. Trigonometric functions are important in the study of triangles and modeling periodic phenomena, among many other applications. The most familiar trigonometric functions are the sine, cosine, and tangent. In the context of the standard unit circle (a circle with radius 1 unit), where a triangle is formed by a ray starting at the origin and making some angle with the -axis, the sine of the angle

"Spherical geometry"
Spherical geometry Spherical geometry is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere. It is an example of a geometry that is not Euclidean. Two practical applications of the principles of spherical geometry are navigation and astronomy. In plane (Euclidean) geometry, the basic concepts are points and (straight) lines. On a sphere, points are defined in the usual sense. The equivalents of lines are not defined in the usual sense of ""straight line"" in Euclidean geometry, but in the sense of ""the shortest paths between points"", which are called geodesics. On a sphere, the geodesics are the great circles;

Trilateration
Trilateration In geometry, trilateration is the process of determining absolute or relative locations of points by measurement of distances, using the geometry of circles, spheres or triangles. In addition to its interest as a geometric problem, trilateration does have practical applications in surveying and navigation, including global positioning systems (GPS). In contrast to triangulation, it does not involve the measurement of angles. In two-dimensional geometry, it is known that if a point lies on two circles, then the circle centers and the two radii provide sufficient information to narrow the possible locations down to two. Additional information may narrow the

gives the -component (the opposite to the angle or the rise) of the triangle, the cosine gives the -component (the adjacent of the angle or the run), and the tangent function gives the slope (-component divided by the -component). For angles less than a right angle, trigonometric functions are commonly defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, and their values can be found in the lengths of various line segments around a unit circle. Modern definitions express trigonometric functions as infinite series or as solutions of certain differential equations, allowing the extension of the

prefix ""co-"" (in ""cosine"", ""cotangent"", ""cosecant"") is found in Edmund Gunter's ""Canon triangulorum"" (1620), which defines the ""cosinus"" as an abbreviation for the ""sinus complementi"" (sine of the complementary angle) and proceeds to define the ""cotangens"" similarly. Trigonometric functions In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are functions of an angle. They relate the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides. Trigonometric functions are important in the study of triangles and modeling periodic phenomena, among many other applications. The most familiar trigonometric functions are the sine, cosine, and tangent. In

"Circle of a sphere"
the Equator the only great circle. By contrast, all meridians of longitude, paired with their opposite meridian in the other hemisphere, form great circles. The diameter of the sphere which passes through the center of the circle is called its axis and the endpoints of this diameter are called its poles. A circle of a sphere can also be defined as the set of points at a given angular distance from a given pole. When the intersection of a sphere and a plane is not empty or a single point, it is a circle. This can be seen as follows:

Circumference
pi, is represented by the Greek letter . The first few decimal digits of the numerical value of are 3.141592653589793 ... Pi is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter : Or, equivalently, as the ratio of the circumference to twice the radius. The above formula can be rearranged to solve for the circumference: The use of the mathematical constant is ubiquitous in mathematics, engineering, and science. In ""Measurement of a Circle"" written circa 250 BCE, Archimedes showed that this ratio (, since he did not use the name ) was greater than 3 but less

"Oligodynamic effect"
can induce special protein complexes called metallothioneins. Oligodynamic effect The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos ""few"", and dynamis ""force"") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. Aluminium acetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild

Oligodynamic effect The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos ""few"", and dynamis ""force"") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. Aluminium acetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild antiseptic. Aluminium-based antiperspirant ingredients (""aluminium salts"") such

Oligopoly
under imperfect competition. With the fierce price competitiveness created by this sticky-upward demand curve, firms use non-price competition in order to accrue greater revenue and market share. ""Kinked"" demand curves are similar to traditional demand curves, as they are downward-sloping. They are distinguished by a hypothesized convex bend with a discontinuity at the bend–""kink"". Thus the first derivative at that point is undefined and leads to a jump discontinuity in the marginal revenue curve. Classical economic theory assumes that a profit-maximizing producer with some market power (either due to oligopoly or monopolistic competition) will set marginal costs equal to marginal

Oligospermia
sperm criteria and established a lower reference point, less than 15 million sperm/ml, consistent with the 5th percentile for fertile men. Sperm concentrations fluctuate and oligospermia may be temporary or permanent. Sources usually classify oligospermia in 3 classes: The diagnosis of oligozoospermia requires a work-up via semen analysis (listed in Male infertility). There are many causes for oligospermia including: Pre-testicular factors refer to conditions that impede adequate support of the testes and include situations of poor hormonal support and poor general health including: Testicular factors refer to conditions where the testes produces semen of poor quality despite adequate hormonal support

Electro-olfactography
the electrography of insect antennae olfaction. Neuroscientist David Ottoson (1918-2001) discovered the electro-olfactogram (EOG) and analysed its properties in great detail. Electro-olfactography Electro-olfactography or electroolfactography (EOG) is a type of electrography (electrophysiologic test) that aids the study of olfaction (the sense of smell). It measures and records the changing electrical potentials of the olfactory epithelium, in a way similar to how other forms of electrography (such as ECG, EEG, and EMG) measure and record other bioelectric activity. Electro-olfactography has been used for decades to advance the basic science of smell, although the advances in molecular biology in recent decades have

Oligopoly
Thus prices tend to be rigid. In industrialized economies, barriers to entry have resulted in oligopolies forming in many sectors, with unprecedented levels of competition fueled by increasing globalization. Market shares in an oligopoly are typically determined by product development and advertising. For example, there are now only a small number of manufacturers of civil passenger aircraft, though Brazil (Embraer) and Canada (Bombardier) have participated in the small passenger aircraft market sector. Oligopolies have also arisen in heavily-regulated markets such as wireless communications: in some areas only two or three providers are licensed to operate. In an oligopoly, firms operate

Oligopoly
of price, quantity, technological innovations, marketing, and reputation. However, there are a series of simplified models that attempt to describe market behavior by considering certain circumstances. Some of the better-known models are the dominant firm model, the Cournot–Nash model, the Bertrand model and the kinked demand model. The Cournot–Nash model is the simplest oligopoly model. The model assumes that there are two ""equally positioned firms""; the firms compete on the basis of quantity rather than price and each firm makes an ""output of decision assuming that the other firm's behavior is fixed."" The market demand curve is assumed to be

Oligopoly
cost functions. According to this model, each firm faces a demand curve kinked at the existing price. The conjectural assumptions of the model are; if the firm raises its price above the current existing price, competitors will not follow and the acting firm will lose market share and second if a firm lowers prices below the existing price then their competitors will follow to retain their market share and the firm's output will increase only marginally. If the assumptions hold then: The gap in the marginal revenue curve means that marginal costs can fluctuate without changing equilibrium price and quantity.

Oligopoly
jump discontinuity in the marginal revenue curve, marginal costs could change without necessarily changing the price or quantity. The motivation behind this kink is the idea that in an oligopolistic or monopolistically competitive market, firms will not raise their prices because even a small price increase will lose many customers. This is because competitors will generally ignore price increases, with the hope of gaining a larger market share as a result of now having comparatively lower prices. However, even a large price decrease will gain only a few customers because such an action will begin a price war with other

Oligopoly
an efficient outcome approaching perfect competition. The competition in an oligopoly can be greater when there are more firms in an industry than if, for example, the firms were only regionally based and did not compete directly with each other. Thus the welfare analysis of oligopolies is sensitive to the parameter values used to define the market's structure. In particular, the level of dead weight loss is hard to measure. The study of product differentiation indicates that oligopolies might also create excessive levels of differentiation in order to stifle competition. Oligopoly theory makes heavy use of game theory to model

"White Witch"
Wardrobe"", set 1,000 Narnian years after the events of ""The Magician's Nephew"", Jadis has usurped power over Narnia after the tree that kept her at bay had died. Now known as the White Witch, she is served by various races including Wolves (who make up her secret police), Black Dwarves, Giants, Werewolves, Tree Spirits that are on her side, Ghouls, Boggles, Ogres, Minotaurs, Cruels, Hags, Spectres, People of the Toadstools, Incubi, Wraiths, Horrors, Efreets, Orknies, Sprites, Wooses, Ettins, Poisonous Plant Spirits, Evil Apes, Giant Bats, Vultures, and creatures that according to C. S. Lewis are ""so horrible that if I

oppose her - to bring any human they come across to her. By the time the Pevensie children arrive in Narnia, Jadis has ruled for 100 years. She first meets Edmund Pevensie while riding on her sledge through the land of Narnia, enchants him with magical Turkish delight, and tempts him to betray his siblings by offering to make him her heir and bring them to Narnia with him, although at this stage only Edmund and his sister Lucy have been in Narnia. The four Pevensie children all arrive in Narnia together soon afterwards, and Edmund strays to the Witch

told you, your parents probably wouldn't let you read this book."" Her magic is now powerful, and she has acquired a wand with which she can turn enemies to stone if they displease or attempt to challenge her in any way. She styles herself ""Her Imperial Majesty Jadis, Queen of Narnia, Chatelaine of Cair Paravel, Empress of the Lone Islands"", and she casts Narnia into an endless winter with no Christmas. She fears a prophecy that four humans, two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve, will cause her downfall, and orders all Narnians - including those who might

cast a spell of enchanted sleep upon herself to await someone who could rescue her from Charn. Many years later, a 12-year-old Digory Kirke and his friend Polly Plummer arrive in the ruins of Charn through Digory's uncle's magic. The children find the bell that Jadis left to break the spell. Despite Polly's warning not to ring the bell, Digory does so. Jadis is awakened and by holding on to them is transported with them back to London in the year 1900. She initially aims to conquer the world to which she is transported, but finds that her magic does

Edmund, who have been recalled to Narnia after Caspian blows Susan's horn. On the orders of Aslan and the newly-crowned King Caspian, Narnia is now a land in which humans and talking animals are encouraged to integrate and have equal rights – although a small number of Telmarines accept Aslan's offer of building a new life for themselves on Planet Earth, on the Pacific island where their pirate ancestors had entered Narnia through a cave in the past. Jadis does not appear in ""The Voyage of the Dawn Treader"", though the stone knife she used to kill Aslan at the

comes at a cost: her skin is bleached white, and the evil in her heart causes her eternal misery. She cannot stand the sight of the tree that Aslan has Digory plant in Narnia from the fruit of the garden, and she thus stays to the north of Narnia, working to develop her magic. Meanwhile, the land of Narnia remains the domain of animals (chosen animals are given the ability to speak, and become pillars of society) and is not troubled by the Witch nor any other enemy for many hundreds of years. In ""The Lion, the Witch and the

"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"
Pauline Baynes, and her work has been retained in many later editions. Most of the novel is set in Narnia, a land of talking animals and mythical creatures that one White Witch has ruled for 100 years of deep winter. In the frame story, four English children are relocated to a large, old country house following a wartime evacuation. The youngest visits Narnia three times via the magic of a wardrobe in a spare room. All four children are together on her third visit, which verifies her fantastic claims and comprises the subsequent 12 of 17 chapters except for a

"The Chronicles of Narnia"
role in all of these events. The history of Narnia is generally divided into the following periods: creation and the period shortly afterwards, the rule of the White Witch, the Golden Age, the invasion and rule of the Telmarines, their subsequent defeat by Caspian X, the rule of King Caspian and his descendants, and the destruction of Narnia. Like many stories, the narrative is not necessarily always presented in chronological order. Lewis's early life has parallels with ""The Chronicles of Narnia"". At the age of seven, he moved with his family to a large house on the edge of Belfast.

been greeted with a hostile reception from the White Witch after arriving at her castle alone, and even more so after informing her that Aslan had arrived in Narnia. The harshness of the Witch's winter had made Edmund realize that he had been wrong in thinking that her side was the right side to be on, and he realized the full extent of her evil when he witnessed her turning a party of creatures into stone after their revelation that Father Christmas had been in Narnia - much to the Witch's horror after she had banished him. After Edmund's siblings

"Cair Paravel"
Their children became the first kings and queens of Narnia and Archenland. See ""The Magician's Nephew"" and ""The Horse and His Boy"". Cair Paravel is first mentioned in the book ""The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"". It already exists at that time. Among the titles claimed by Jadis, the White Witch is that of ""Chatelaine of Cair Paravel"". However, she does not dwell there. Whether she keeps it maintained in a good condition, or it is out of bounds for her or is in disorder or ruin but magically restored after Aslan's appearance and the thaw is never clarified.

how many games in a row have the uconn women's basketball team won

"Connecticut Huskies women's basketball"
December 19, 2010. UConn's current head coach is Luigi ""Geno"" Auriemma, who joined the team in 1985. Coach Auriemma is one of the best coaches in college basketball: his 1027–135 () record represents the highest winning percentage among NCAA basketball coaches (minimum 10 seasons), any level, men's or women's, while ranking him third in all-time women's wins behind former Tennessee coach Pat Summitt and current Stanford coach Tara VanDerveer. UConn has also been one of the leaders in women's basketball attendance; the team plays its home games at both the Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs and the XL Center

seasons, showed great improvements, leading the nation in assists-to-turnovers ratio. Coming from a 75-wins streak from previous season, UConn tied its own previous 90-wins record with a 102-37 win against South Florida on October 1, 2017; the 100th straight wins mark was reached on February 13, 2017 with a 66-55 win against South Carolina. After easy wins in both conference regular season and conference tournament, UConn entered the NCAA tournament unbeaten, #1 overall and once again a heavy favorite to win it all; the season came to an unexpected end when Mississippi State's Morgan William hit a buzzer-beater to give

figures in UConn history. The women's basketball players list includes guards Nykesha Sales, Jennifer Rizzotti, Shea Ralph, Sue Bird, Diana Taurasi, Renee Montgomery, Bria Hartley and Moriah Jefferson; forwards Svetlana Abrosimova, Swin Cash, Maya Moore, Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, Breanna Stewart, Morgan Tuck and Gabby Williams; centers Kerry Bascom, Rebecca Lobo, Kara Wolters, Tina Charles and Stefanie Dolson. On December 7, 2018, UConn announced that the #50 worn by Rebecca Lobo would be permanently retired, effective with ceremonies to be held during the Huskies' final 2018–19 home game on March 2, 2019. In its announcement, UConn stated that going forward, number retirement

in the championship game, but historic rival Notre Dame beat UConn in the semifinal with another overtime last second shot by Arike Ogunbowale. On December 19 a win over Oklahoma gave coach Geno Auriemma his 1000th victory in just 1135 games, making him only the fourth women's coach to reach that plateau - along with Pat Summitt, Tara Vanderveer and Sylvia Hatchell - and the fastest one. UConn played in the Big East Conference since the 1982-83 season, the first to hold a women's basketball tournament; they won 18 tournaments in 31 years. Since 2013-14 UConn plays in the American

the two longest winning streaks (men's or women's) in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of overtime caused a 66-64 loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four to Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008–09 and 2009–10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second – three seasons later – on

Connecticut Huskies women's basketball The Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team is the college basketball program representing the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, in NCAA Division I women's basketball competition. They currently play in the American Athletic Conference, the successor of the Big East Conference, as the last remaining original member of the conference. The UConn Huskies are the most successful women's basketball program in the nation, having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships and a women's record four in a row, from 2013 through 2016, plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships. UConn owns

"Huskies of Honor"
UConn has enjoyed unprecedented success, winning 11 national titles, including six at the end of undefeated seasons and four consecutive championships from 2013–16. The Huskies also have the two longest winning streaks in NCAA Division I basketball history, at 111 games from 2014–17 and 90 games from 2008–10. Connecticut's rivalry with women's basketball power Tennessee has been one of the most celebrated in the sport. Twenty-six former UConn women's basketball players have gone on to play in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and five—Sue Bird in 2002, Diana Taurasi in 2004, Tina Charles in 2010, Maya Moore in 2011,

sports (NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL) along with the three most prominent college sports: football, men's basketball and women's basketball. The Connecticut Huskies were the #3 selection on the list, behind only the professional basketball Lakers and the professional football Patriots, making the Connecticut women's basketball team the highest ranked of the collegiate teams for the three sports under consideration. During this period, UConn won five national titles, while making the Final Four seven of the ten years. Two of the seasons (2001–02 and 2008–09) resulted in perfect 39–0 records. ""Active streaks in bold"" Connecticut Huskies women's basketball The Connecticut

players; they are the only 4-time winners in college basketball history (freshmen were not eligible to play during UCLA men's streak). With their eleventh championship win in 2016, the UConn Huskies have tied the UCLA Bruins men's team for most college basketball championships, and became the first Division I women's basketball team to win four straight national championships. After losing the stellar trio of Stewart, Jefferson and Tuck, many predicted a sub-par season for UConn standards; the AP Poll ranked the team third in the nation, and coach Auriemma had designed a very tough non-conference calendar to test the strength

would be reserved for former Huskies players inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as Lobo was in 2017. At the same time, the Huskies announced that the #34 worn by Ray Allen, a 2018 Naismith Hall inductee, would be retired by UConn men's basketball, with ceremonies held during the season's final men's home game on March 3, 2019. UConn's announcement did not make it clear whether both numbers would be retired across both men's and women's programs, but a university spokesperson clarified that the retirements applied only to the teams that Lobo and Allen competed for, meaning

"At sign"
the ""Underwood No. 5"" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now universally included on computer keyboards. The fact that there is no single word in English for the symbol has prompted some writers to use the French arobase or Spanish and Portuguese arroba, or to coin new words such as the ""highly logical"" ampersat, asperand, and the strudel, but none of these has achieved wide use. In unicode, the at sign is encoded as , or codice_1 in HTML5. The earliest yet discovered reference to the @ symbol is a

"At sign"
At sign The at sign"", @, is normally read aloud as ""at""; it is also commonly called the at symbol or commercial at""'. It is used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning ""at a rate of"" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 = £14), but it is now most commonly used in email addresses and social media platform ""handles"". The term ""alphasand"" is sometimes used to refer to ""@"", especially in East Asia. Although not included on the keyboard of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model and the very successful Underwood models from

"At sign"
religious one; it features in a Bulgarian translation of a Greek chronicle written by Constantinos Manasses in 1345. Held today in the Vatican Apostolic Library, it features the @ symbol in place of the capital letter alpha ""A"" in the word Amen. Why it was used in this context is still a mystery. In terms of the commercial character of the ""at"" sign, there are several theories pending verification. Whatever the origin of the @ symbol, the history of its usage is more well-known: it has long been used in Spanish and Portuguese as an abbreviation of ""arroba"", a unit

"At sign"
the group is all female. The Real Academia Española disapproves of this usage. In many languages other than English, although most typewriters included the symbol, the use of @ was less common before email became widespread in the mid-1990s. Consequently, it is often perceived in those languages as denoting ""the Internet"", computerization, or modernization in general. маймуна а (""maymunsko a"" – ""monkey A"" or ""ape a""), маймунка (""maimunka"" – ""little monkey""), or баница (""banitsa"" - a pastry roll often made in a shape similar to the character) At sign The at sign"", @, is normally read aloud as ""at""; it

AT-hook
the name derives from a predicted asparagine/aspartate ""hook"" in the earliest AT-hooks reported in 1990. In 1997 structural studies using NMR determined that a DNA-bound AT-hook adopted a crescent or hook shape around the minor groove of a target DNA strand (pictured at right). HMGA proteins contain three AT-hooks, although some proteins contain as many as 30. The optimal binding sequences for AT-hook proteins are repeats of the form (ATAA) or (TATT), although the optimal binding sequences for the core sequence of the AT-hook are AAAT and AATT. AT-hook The AT-hook is a DNA-binding motif present in many proteins, including

"AT (form factor)"
used AT and its variants. Since 1997, the AT form factor has been largely supplanted by ATX. The original AT motherboard, later known as ""Full AT"", is , which means it will not fit in ""mini desktop"" or ""minitower cases"". The board's size also means that it takes up space behind the drive bays, making installation of new drives more difficult. (In IBM's original heavy-gauge steel case, the two 5-1/4"" full-height drive bays overhang the front of the motherboard. More precisely, the left bay overhangs the motherboard, while the right bay is subdivided into two half-height bays and additionally extends

Athame
Sufis"" as a quotation from ""A History of Secret Societies"" by Arkon Daraul (a probable pseudonym of Shah). Robert Graves (an acquaintance of Shah) suggests an Arabic derivation from ""al thame"" (or ""adh-dhame""), which he translates as ""the arrow"". A Latin manuscript version of the Key of Solomon has a drawing that looks like a sickle, labeled ""Artavo"". Gerald Gardner's use of 'athame' probably came from modern French versions of the Key of Solomon, probably via Grillot de Givry's ""Witchcraft, Magic and Alchemy"" (1931), who misinterpreted the term as applying to the main ritual knife, as shown by his index

ATX
ATX ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is a motherboard configuration specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous ""de facto"" standards like the AT design. It was the first major change in desktop computer enclosure, motherboard and power supply design in many years, improving standardization and interchangeability of parts. The specification defines the key mechanical dimensions, mounting point, I/O panel, power and connector interfaces between a computer case, a motherboard and a power supply. ATX is the most common motherboard design. Other standards for smaller boards (including microATX, FlexATX, nano-ITX, and mini-ITX) usually keep the basic rear layout but

1990s, a great majority of boards were either Baby AT or ATX. Many motherboard manufacturers favored Baby AT over ATX as many computer cases and power supplies in the industry were still designed for AT boards and not ATX boards. Also, the lack of an eighth slot on ATX motherboards kept it from being used in some servers. After the industry shifted to ATX motherboard configurations, it became common to design cases and power supplies to support both Baby AT and ATX motherboards. The connector at the board is two Molex 15-48-0106 connectors. This mates with a Molex 90331. AT

ATX
depth, is frequently varied, with depths of 160, 180, 200 and 230 mm used to accommodate higher power or modular connectors. Original AT cases (flat case style) have an integrated power switch that protruded from the power supply and sits flush with a hole in the AT chassis. It utilizes a paddle-style DPST switch and is similar to the PC and PC-XT style power supplies. Later AT (so-called ""Baby AT"") and LPX style computer cases have a power button that is directly connected to the system computer power supply (PSU). The general configuration is a double-pole latching mains voltage switch

"Bad Boys (Inner Circle song)"
Bad Boys (Inner Circle song) ""Bad Boys"" is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle, which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993, peaking at number 8 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream. It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show ""Cops"". The song was originally released in 1987 on the album ""One Way"" and obtained minor airplay and poor sales. However, in 1992, it was also included on the ""Bad to the Bone"" album, and the song was released

"Cops (TV program)"
On April 25, 2018, the video recorded by the ""Cops"" camera crew was released. The video was shown in open court and The Omaha World Herald requested a copy, which it later released. The wrongful death lawsuit filed against the City of Omaha by Trevor Dion is still ongoing. The show's theme song is ""Bad Boys"", performed by reggae group Inner Circle, which is played over a montage of clips. All episodes of ""Cops"" begin with a disclaimer which was introduced in the third season: The disclaimer in the first two seasons was slightly different by stating: """"COPS"" is filmed

"Mike Post"
Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as ""Law & Order"", """", ""The A-Team"", ""NYPD Blue"", ""Renegade,"" ""The Rockford Files"", ""L.A. Law"", ""Quantum Leap"", ""Magnum, P.I."", and ""Hill Street Blues"". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on to become The Murmaids. Their first single, ""Popsicles and Icicles"" (written by David Gates), was a #3 hit song in January 1964. Post also provided

as a single in 1993, after the unexpected success of their previous international hit single ""Sweat (A La La La La Long)"". ""Bad Boys"" reached number 52 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in the United States; in the latter territory, it was certified Gold and sold 600,000 copies. The song was also released as B-side on Inner Circle's 1992 single ""Sweat (A La La La La Long)"". The song was also released as a single in mid-1991 in Norway; it peaked at number one for three weeks. ""Bad Boys"" was selected as the theme song to ""Cops"" because

"Cop Killer (song)"
Cop Killer (song) ""Cop Killer"" is a song composed by Ernie C with words by Ice-T for American heavy metal band Body Count, of which they were both members. Released on Body Count's 1992 self-titled debut album, the song was written two years earlier, and was partially influenced by ""Psycho Killer"" by Talking Heads. The song's lyrics about ""cop killing"" provoked much controversy and negative reactions from political figures of the time, such as President George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle, as well as Tipper Gore, co-founder of Parents Music Resource Center. Others defended the song on

and video game composers. The following singles credited to Mike Post charted on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and/or on the Adult Contemporary chart: Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as ""Law & Order"", """", ""The A-Team"", ""NYPD Blue"", ""Renegade,"" ""The Rockford Files"", ""L.A. Law"", ""Quantum Leap"", ""Magnum, P.I."", and ""Hill Street Blues"". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on

"Fuck the Police (J Dilla song)"
Fuck the Police (J Dilla song) ""Fuck the Police"" is a song by rapper and producer Jay Dee, who would later be known as J Dilla. The song was released as a single on September 18, 2001 under Up Above Records. In the song, Jay Dee chastises corrupt policemen who conduct illegal searches and plant evidence on blacks. ""Fuck the Police"" subsequently became one of J Dilla's most well-known songs as a solo emcee. The track is built upon a sample of René Costy & His Orchestra's 1972 track ""Scrabble"", from which the drum break and violin sample are taken

"Ray Simpson"
Ray Simpson Ray Simpson (born January 15, 1954) is an American singer best known as a former lead singer and ""Cop"" of the disco super-group Village People. In 1979, he replaced original lead singer, Victor Willis as the Cop (until Willis' return to the group in 2017). Simpson had been doing backup singing for Village People in its first years, which is why he was recruited (on very short notice) to join the group when Willis left. Simpson was featured in the Village People film, ""Can't Stop the Music"", released in 1980. Born and raised in the Bronx, he is

"Nasty Boys (TV series)"
Franz, who played Lieutenant Stan Krieger. William Russ played Lieutenant Farlow in the pilot movie and was killed off unexpectedly. Basil Poledouris composed most of the episode scores. The theme song was ""Nasty"" by Janet Jackson, though the song was performed by Lisa Keith and the lyrics were changed to fit the TV series. Jimmy Jackson and Larry Bradley were technical advisors/actors. Nasty Boys (TV series) Nasty Boys was a television action drama series based on the real life Narcotics Officers of the North Las Vegas Police Department. It follows the 1989 film ""Nasty Boys"" and aired on NBC. The

"Beverly Hills Cop (soundtrack)"
Beverly Hills Cop (soundtrack) Beverly Hills Cop is the soundtrack to the 1984 action comedy film ""Beverly Hills Cop"". It was released on by MCA Records. The soundtrack was mastered by Greg Fulginiti and features various artists whose tracks were included in the movie plus some other tracks not included in the movie but are similar in electronic style. The instrumental title tune, ""Axel F"" by Harold Faltermeyer, became a worldwide hit single and has since been covered by numerous artists. The soundtrack was reviewed by ""Billboard"" magazine in the issue dated December 15, 1984 and debuted on the US

"Capital punishment in South Africa"
Capital punishment in South Africa Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of ""S v Makwanyane"", following a five-year and four-month moratorium since February 1990. The standard method for carrying out executions was hanging, sometimes of several convicts at the same time. Mandatory death penalty for murder was abolished in 1935. At the same time, criminal justice saw an increased racialisation in disfavour of the non-white majority, who represented the vast majority of accused and convicted in capital cases. Hanging was maintained following the instatement of

IFP weeks before. Capital punishment in South Africa Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of ""S v Makwanyane"", following a five-year and four-month moratorium since February 1990. The standard method for carrying out executions was hanging, sometimes of several convicts at the same time. Mandatory death penalty for murder was abolished in 1935. At the same time, criminal justice saw an increased racialisation in disfavour of the non-white majority, who represented the vast majority of accused and convicted in capital cases. Hanging was maintained following

"Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997"
Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of ""S v Williams and Others"" that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in ""S v Williams"" was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in ""dicta"" that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional. The act contains two substantive sections. The first

June the same year along with her boyfriend Yassiem Harris, in all cases following a murder conviction. In February 1990, a moratorium was declared by President De Klerk. Two further executions were, however, carried out in the nominally independent ""homelands"" of Boputhatswana and Venda in 1990 and 1991 respectively. Although the death penalty was abolished in 1995, opinion polls suggest significant public support for its reinstatement. A 2014 poll in South Africa found that 76 percent of millennium generation South Africans support re-introduction of the death penalty. There are a number of parties in South Africa that currently support the

"Education in South Africa"
mathematics and social science subjects would be taught in Afrikaans, and music and cultural subjects would be taught in the learner's native language. The Minister said that the reason for this decree was to ensure that black people can communicate effectively with English and Afrikaans speaking white people. This decree was unpopular with learners and teachers alike, particularly in towns like the Johannesburg township of Soweto, where practically no one spoke Afrikaans. Tensions over language in education erupted into violence on 16 June 1976, when students took to the streets in Soweto and eventually in other towns and cities in

provides that ""any law which authorises corporal punishment by a court of law, including a court of traditional leaders,"" is repealed to the extent that it authorises such a punishment. The second makes specific textual amendments various statutes, including the Black Administration Act, the Magistrates' Courts Act and the Criminal Procedure Act, to remove references to corporal punishment. Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case

Apartheid
It became a criminal offence to threaten someone verbally or possess documents that the government perceived to be threatening, to advise anyone to stay away from work or to oppose the government, and to disclose the name of anyone arrested under the State of Emergency until the government released that name, with up to ten years' imprisonment for these offences. Detention without trial became a common feature of the government's reaction to growing civil unrest and by 1988, 30,000 people had been detained. The media was censored, thousands were arrested and many were interrogated and tortured. On 12 June 1986,

"Racism in Africa"
was officially abolished in 1833 with the Slavery Abolition Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. There are many examples of racism and discriminatory practices during the colonial period, such as the allocation of rations during the Siege of Ladysmith Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: ; an Afrikaans word meaning ""separateness"", or ""the state of being apart"", literally ""apart-hood"") was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed,

a republic in 1961. At approximately the same time South Africa saw mounting international criticism against purposely political executions of anti-apartheid activists convicted of violent crimes, mainly of blacks, but in some cases of whites, such as John Frederick Harris in 1965. The 1980s saw a rapid increase in the number of executions; 164 in 1987 alone (an official tally higher than that of any other country, including the People's Republic of China and Iran). Since 1959, the South African government officially performed 2,949 hangings (14 of women), including 1,123 in the 1980s. Out of more than one hundred South

"Racism in South Africa"
rations during the Siege of Ladysmith. The word ""Kaffir"" was used without derogatory connotations during the Dutch and British colonial periods until the early twentieth century. Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: ; an Afrikaans word meaning ""separateness"", or ""the state of being apart"", literally ""apart-hood"") was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. Apartheid was developed after World War II by the

"Captain Phasma"
Captain Phasma Captain Phasma is a fictional character in the ""Star Wars"" franchise, portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie. Introduced in """" (2015), the first film in the ""Star Wars"" sequel trilogy, Phasma is the commander of the First Order's force of stormtroopers. Christie returned to the role in the next of the trilogy's films, """" (2017). The character also made an additional appearance in """", an anthology book set before the events of ""The Force Awakens"". J. J. Abrams created Phasma from an armor design originally developed for Kylo Ren and named her after the 1979 horror film ""Phantasm"".

on Amazon.co.uk. Captain Phasma Captain Phasma is a fictional character in the ""Star Wars"" franchise, portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie. Introduced in """" (2015), the first film in the ""Star Wars"" sequel trilogy, Phasma is the commander of the First Order's force of stormtroopers. Christie returned to the role in the next of the trilogy's films, """" (2017). The character also made an additional appearance in """", an anthology book set before the events of ""The Force Awakens"". J. J. Abrams created Phasma from an armor design originally developed for Kylo Ren and named her after the 1979 horror

"Star Wars: The Force Awakens"
Rey's vision sequence, while archival audio of Frank Oz and Alec Guinness as Yoda and Kenobi, respectively, are also used in the same scene; Oz recorded new dialogue for the film, but it was replaced with preexisting audio from ""The Empire Strikes Back"". Gwendoline Christie portrays Captain Phasma, the commander of the First Order's legions of stormtroopers. Dave Chapman and Brian Herring served as puppeteers for BB-8, with Bill Hader and Ben Schwartz credited as ""Vocal Consultants"". Ken Leung appears as Statura, an admiral in the Resistance. Simon Pegg appears as Unkar Plutt, the Junkyard dealer on Jakku. Greg Grunberg

"Anthony Daniels"
Anthony Daniels Anthony Daniels (born 21 February 1946) is an English actor and mime artist. He is best known for playing C-3PO in the ""Star Wars"" film series. He is the only actor to have appeared in all of the major films in the series, as well as its many spin-offs (TV shows, video games, etc.). Daniels was the voice of Legolas in the Ralph Bakshi animated adaptation of ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1978). He has appeared intermittently on British television in various dramas, including playing a pathologist in ""Prime Suspect"" starring Helen Mirren. Daniels is currently an adjunct

"Ian McDiarmid"
Ian McDiarmid Ian McDiarmid (; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish character actor and director. He has appeared in 47 films since 1976. He portrayed Emperor Palpatine in the ""Star Wars"" film series. He has received an Olivier Award for Best Actor and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performances. McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie, Scotland. He became a theatre aficionado when he was five years old, when his father took him to see an act named Tommy Morgan at a theatre in Dundee. In 2004, he stated, ""It sort of fascinated me,

appears as Captain Cypress. The film's dialect coach, Andrew Jack, appears as Major Ematt of the Resistance. Additionally, Crystal Clarke, Pip Andersen, Christina Chong, Miltos Yerolemou, Amybeth Hargreaves, Leanne Best, Judah Friedlander, and Kevin Smith were cast in minor roles. Abrams has a vocal cameo, singing with Lin-Manuel Miranda on two songs, ""Jabba Flow"" and ""Dobra Doompa"", performed by Shag Kava, consisting of Abrams, Miranda and musicians. """" and ""Star Wars Rebels"" cast members Dee Bradley Baker, Matt Lanter, Tom Kane, Catherine Taber, Matthew Wood, Sam Witwer, Meredith Salenger, James Arnold Taylor, show runner Dave Filoni, Michael Donovan, Devon Libran,

"Jamie Bamber"
Jamie Bamber Jamie St John Bamber Griffith (born 3 April 1973) is an English/Irish/American actor, known for his roles as Lee Adama in ""Battlestar Galactica"" and Detective Sergeant in the ITV series """". He also had a supporting role in the ""Hornblower"" series and was a regular on the British series ""Ultimate Force"" and ""Peak Practice"". In 2013, Bamber starred in the TNT medical drama ""Monday Mornings"", and in 2014, in the Sky 1 drama ""The Smoke"". Jamie Bamber holds dual citizenship in Britain, Ireland, and the United States through his American father and Irish mother. Bamber has five brothers

"Claudia Black"
Claudia Black Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, best known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in ""Farscape"", Vala Mal Doran in ""Stargate SG-1"" and Sharon ""Shazza"" Montgomery in the film ""Pitch Black"". She has had prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in ""Uncharted"", Morrigan in ""Dragon Age"", Admiral Daro'Xen and Matriarch Aethyta in ""Mass Effect"" and Samantha Byrne in ""Gears of War 3"". She had a recurring role as Dahlia in ""The Originals"" and also starred as Dr. Sabine Lommers in The CW's ""Containment"". Black was born and

Rey follows to the oceanic planet Ahch-To. She finds Luke and presents him with the lightsaber. Tim Rose and Mike Quinn reprise their respective roles as Admiral Ackbar and Nien Nunb from ""Return of the Jedi"". Kipsang Rotich returns as the voice of Nien Nunb and Erik Bauersfeld returns to voice Ackbar. This was Bauersfeld's final film role before his death in April 2016. Kenny Baker, originally announced as part of the cast, was credited as ""consultant"" for R2-D2, with Jimmy Vee performing some of the work for R2-D2. Ewan McGregor has an uncredited vocal cameo as Obi-Wan Kenobi in

"Jason Carter (actor)"
Jason Carter (actor) Jason Brian Carter (born 23 September 1960) is an English actor, best known for his role as Ranger Marcus Cole on the science fiction television series ""Babylon 5"". Born in Ealing, London and brought up in Gainsborough, a small market-town in Lincolnshire, Carter appeared on stage since he was a child. Advised to pursue a career in rubber technology, Carter opted instead for three years at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. In 1982, he landed his first television role on BBC2’s long-running ""Jackanory Playhouse"" (1965–1996) as Hawkwing. He has appeared in numerous television series including

"She's Like the Wind"
She's Like the Wind ""She's Like the Wind"" is a 1987 power ballad from the film ""Dirty Dancing"", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by ""Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. Swayze and Stacy Widelitz co-wrote the song in 1984. It was originally intended for the soundtrack of ""Grandview, U.S.A."" and was meant to be about Jamie

she recommended a collaboration with fellow New York recording artist Tony Sunshine. She also said, ""We'd been talking about working together but hadn't been able to. But he loved the idea of doing something with this song."" The music video for this version was directed by Dayo. She's Like the Wind ""She's Like the Wind"" is a 1987 power ballad from the film ""Dirty Dancing"", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by ""Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in

many countries, with a 3-track 12"" maxi single and 2-track cassette also produced. CD singles were a relatively new format, however; a 2 and 3-track 5"" CD and Japanese mini CD single were commercially released. ""She's Like the Wind"" is a cover recorded by American recording artists Lumidee and Tony Sunshine for Lumidee's second album, ""Unexpected"" (2007). It was released as the lead single from ""Unexpected"" in the US and Europe on April 3, 2007. According to Lumidee, the idea to record a remake of Patrick Swayze's 1987 song ""She's Like The Wind"" was inspired by her European label when

Lee Curtis' character in the film. However, the song was not used in that film. During production of ""Dirty Dancing"" in 1987, Swayze played the demo for producer Linda Gottlieb and director Emile Ardolino. They loved it and passed it on to Jimmy Ienner and Bob Feiden, the soundtrack's executive producers. It was recorded for the soundtrack in November 1986, with Michael Lloyd producing. The song, like the film in which it was featured, was a success, reaching number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number one on Adult Contemporary, and was a hit around the world. It is

still in circulation on radio. The soundtrack album was number one for 18 weeks (9 weeks from December 5 1987 to 9 January 1988, then 9 weeks from March 12 to May 7 1988) Swayze co-wrote and performed two tracks on the soundtrack to the film ""Road House"" (1989), plus he co-wrote and performed a duet with Larry Gatlin for the film ""Next of Kin"" (1989). The music video in black and white features clips from the movie ""Dirty Dancing."" The video can be seen on the ""Ultimate Dirty Dancing"" DVD. The song was released commercially on 7"" vinyl in

"Chasin' the Wind"
40 hit to date (although they have made subsequent appearances on the Adult Contemporary chart). Chasin' the Wind ""Chasin' the Wind"" is a rock ballad song written by Diane Warren and recorded by the band Chicago for their 1991 studio album ""Twenty 1"", featuring Bill Champlin on vocals. The song was produced and engineered by Ron Nevison and mixed by Humberto Gatica. ""Chasin' the Wind"" was released as the first single from ""Twenty 1"" in January 1991. Its B-side is the song ""Only Time Can Heal the Wounded"". ""Chasin' the Wind"" peaked at No. 13 on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary

"Charlie Landsborough"
Charlie Landsborough Charles Alexander Landsborough (born 26 October 1941) is a British country and folk musician and singer-songwriter. He started singing professionally in the 1970s, although his major success did not come until 1994 with his song ""What Colour is the Wind"". He is one of the UK's top country acts and is also popular in Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Born in Wrexham, Wales, Landsborough was the youngest of 11 children. Soon after he was born, his mother (Aggie) moved the family back to Birkenhead after the World War II bombing raids. He was reared by the docklands of

Chasin' the Wind ""Chasin' the Wind"" is a rock ballad song written by Diane Warren and recorded by the band Chicago for their 1991 studio album ""Twenty 1"", featuring Bill Champlin on vocals. The song was produced and engineered by Ron Nevison and mixed by Humberto Gatica. ""Chasin' the Wind"" was released as the first single from ""Twenty 1"" in January 1991. Its B-side is the song ""Only Time Can Heal the Wounded"". ""Chasin' the Wind"" peaked at No. 13 on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart and No. 39 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. It is the band's last top

"She's a Windup"
She's a Windup ""She's a Windup"" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. The track was recorded in 1977, and appeared on ""Be Seeing You"", an album by Dr. Feelgood that was released in September that year. ""She's a Windup"" was also released as a single in the UK in September 1977. Written by all the band members, and produced by Nick Lowe, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second hit single. The B-side of the record, ""Hi-Rise"", was penned solely by Gypie Mayo. It reached number 34 in the UK Singles Chart, and spent five weeks in the listing.

It Happens"", and on a number of their compilation albums, such as ""Singles - The UA Years"". She's a Windup ""She's a Windup"" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. The track was recorded in 1977, and appeared on ""Be Seeing You"", an album by Dr. Feelgood that was released in September that year. ""She's a Windup"" was also released as a single in the UK in September 1977. Written by all the band members, and produced by Nick Lowe, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second hit single. The B-side of the record, ""Hi-Rise"", was penned solely by Gypie

"Sausage Race"
Vice President of Operations for the Brewers, to transform the race from the scoreboard to live action. On June 27, 1993, as the Sausages approached Milwaukee County Stadium on the scoreboard video, the left field doors swung open and—much to the surprise of players and fans—out came the larger-than-life mascots. The three made their way to home plate with The Bratwurst (worn by Dillon) winning the first-ever live race. For the remainder of the 1993 season, the Sausages raced live only at those games with particularly high attendance. In 1994, the live Sausage race resumed on Sunday, May 29—the day

Kegasus
allowed racegoers to bring in their own alcohol. In 2009, with the alcohol ban, race attendance dropped to 77,850 after topping 100,000 for eight consecutive years. In 2010, in an attempt to boost attendance, the Preakness launched a controversial ad campaign, ""Get Your Preak On"" and instituted the ""Mug Club"", which included an infield ticket and an unlimited-refill beer mug. The track also hired more popular bands than usual to play to the waiting crowds, and ticket sales recovered to 95,760. Kegasus was introduced March 29, 2011 as the star of the marketing campaign to attract people to the infield

"Marathon Classic"
to the tournament. Throughout the history of the event, children's charities in Northwest Ohio and Southern Michigan have been the charitable beneficiaries of the tournament. They have received more than $6.2 million during the event's history. From 2004 to 2010, the title sponsor was Owens Corning, the world's largest manufacturer of fiberglass and related products, headquartered in Toledo, near the site of the tournament. In 2012, they became a presenting sponsor. Kroger, one of the largest American supermarket chains, with headquarters in Cincinnati, has also been involved as a sponsor of the tournament since 1997. Owens-Illinois (O-I) became a sponsor

"Dairy Queen"
used interchangeably with the Dairy Queen name for many decades, ""DQ"" became the company's official name in 2001. The font remained the same as in the original signage introduced 60 years prior. Throughout this period, the company placed the registered mark symbol immediately to the right, on the bottom side of the logo. When the company modernized its signage and logos in late 2006, it modified the font and italicized the letters, as well as adding arced lines, an orange one to represent its hot foods above and a blue one below to represent its ice cream products. In the

"Presidents Race"
the other two competitors to race to the end. Each racer won a fair number of times. For the 2006 season, the Dollar Derby was replaced by the Presidents Race, a cartoon depicting four, not three, presidents racing through Washington, D.C., and avoiding obstacles such as traffic cones, open manholes, and closed streets. After the team's purchase by Ted Lerner during the 2006 season, the new owner announced changes for the stadium and a ""grand re-opening"" of RFK Stadium after the All-Star Break. Among the changes: the Presidents' Race became a live event first held on July 21, 2006. The

partake in these events. As a response, the Nationals made cardboard copies of the Brewers' racers, naming them “Un-talian sausage,” “No-Lish Sausage,” “Not-Dog,” “Not-Wurst,” and “Choriz-No.” The Chorizo was added for the 2006 season to commemorate Latino contributions to the game of baseball, as well as to acknowledge the Brewers' growing Latino fanbase. It ran its first race (and the only one of the 2006 season) on Saturday, July 29 to celebrate ""Cerveceros Day"" (""cervecero"" translates to ""beer-maker"" or ""maker of beer"", i.e., ""brewer"", in Spanish; the Brewers also wore ""Cerveceros"" jerseys on this day). However, the Chorizo did not

"Shoney's"
personally owned Shoney's #1, the original Parkette Drive–in, by 1975. Five years after being renamed ""Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises, Inc."", stockholders approved changing the company name to ""Shoney's, Inc."" Shoney's said this reflected the company's diverse food service brands, but added, ""Shoney's is not the southern reincarnation of Frisch's Big Boy."" However, as Schoenbaum's wife Betty said, the change would permit Shoney's to continue expansion beyond the boundary of its Big Boy territory. In 1978, the several Danner's Family Restaurants in Louisville, were renamed ""Danner's Towne and Country"" using logos increasingly similar to Shoney's. In 1982, the company opened two

Reebok
aerobics shoes to running and basketball throughout the mid to late 1980s, the largest segments of the athletic footwear industry at the time. Fireman bought the British-based parent company in 1984. In 1985, Reebok had its initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol RBK. In 1986, Reebok switched its logo from the Union Jack flag it had since its founding, to the vector logo with an abstract Union Jack streak across a race track. The switch signaled the transition of the company into a performance brand as it began licensing deals with professional athletes

"Denny's"
Butler changed the name from Danny's Coffee Shops to Denny's Coffee Shops. In 1961, Denny's Coffee Shops was renamed Denny's. The business continued to expand, and by 1981, there were over 1,000 restaurants in all 50 U.S. states. The company absorbed many of the old Sambo's restaurants and used their mid-century design in some of their restaurants. In 1977, Denny's introduced the still-popular Grand Slam breakfast. In 1994, Denny's became the largest corporate sponsor of Save the Children, a national charity. All but six Denny's closed for the first time ever on Christmas 1988; many of the restaurants were built

"Good Humor"
Breyers Ice Cream Company and combined these operations into the renamed Good Humor-Breyers. Since 2000, Good Humor has been one of numerous Unilever ice cream subsidiaries to use the international Heartbrand for its logo. It removed the Heartbrand in 2009 but brought it back as part of its logo from 2014 onwards. In the parlance of the original company, a ""Good Humor"" was a three-ounce chocolate-coated vanilla ice cream bar on a stick. By 1960, the product line had grown to 85 flavors or combinations. Other ""Good Humors"" included chocolate-coated chocolate (also called ""chocolate malt"") and chocolate-coated strawberry plus bars

who captained the first european ship to sail around the tip of africa

"Bartolomeu Dias"
Bartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias (; ; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1450 – 29 May 1500), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first to do so, setting up the route from Europe to Asia later on. Dias is the first European peri-Age of Discovery to anchor at what is present-day South Africa. Bartolomeu Dias was a squire of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war ""São Cristóvão"" (Saint Christopher). Very little is known of his early life. King John

"Ferdinand Magellan"
Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; , ; , ; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the ""Spice Islands""). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean

"Christopher Columbus"
shown differs from other images, including that of the ""Virgin of the Navigators."" Footnotes Citations Bibliography Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered was a route to the Far East, he is credited with the opening of the Americas

"Olivier van Noort"
Olivier van Noort Olivier van Noort (1558 – 22 February 1627) was a Dutch merchant captain and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world. Olivier van Noort was born in 1558 in Utrecht. He left Rotterdam on 2 July 1598 with four ships and a plan to attack Spanish possessions in the Pacific and to trade with China and the Spice Islands during the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain. His ships were poorly equipped, especially in the way of armament and the crews were unruly. Nonetheless, Van Noort sailed through the Magellan Strait, and captured a number

"First voyage of James Cook"
Other notable people on the expedition include the official astronomer, Charles Green, then assistant to the Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne. Joseph Banks had been appointed to the voyage as the official botanist. Banks funded seven others to join him: a Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander, a Finnish naturalist Herman Spöring, two artists, a scientific secretary, and two black servants from his estate. Cook departed from Plymouth on 26 August 1768, carrying 94 people and 18 months of provisions. On 15 November, ""Endeavour"" reached Rio de Janeiro and stayed there until 2 December, re-provisioning and making repairs. The Viceroy, the Marques de

First voyage of James Cook The first voyage of James Cook was a combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific Ocean aboard HMS ""Endeavour"", from 1768 to 1771. It was the first of three Pacific voyages of which Cook was the commander. The aims of this first expedition were to observe the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun (3–4 June of that year), and to seek evidence of the postulated ""Terra Australis Incognita"" or ""unknown southern land"". The voyage was commissioned by King George III and commanded by Lieutenant James Cook, a junior naval officer

"Jean Alfonse"
Jean Alfonse Jean Fonteneau, dit Alfonse de Saintonge (also spelled Jean Allefonsce) or João Afonso in Portuguese (also spelled João Alfonso) (born c. 1484 in Portugal - died December 1544 or 1549 off La Rochelle) was a Portuguese navigator, explorer and corsair, prominent in the European age of discovery. He had an early career in Portugal and later served the King of France. Born João Afonso and later known in France as Jean Fonteneau or Alfonse of Saintonge, he married a woman named Victorine Alfonse (Victorina Alfonso). Taking to the sea at age 12, he joined the Portuguese India Armadas

"James Cook"
James Cook Captain James Cook (7 November 172814 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy. Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand. Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. He saw action in the Seven Years' War and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the Saint

the voyage made by Captain Cook. One of the historians, Alexander Cook, documented the journey in his 2004 article ""Sailing on ""The Ship"": Re-enactment and the Quest for Popular History"". First voyage of James Cook The first voyage of James Cook was a combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific Ocean aboard HMS ""Endeavour"", from 1768 to 1771. It was the first of three Pacific voyages of which Cook was the commander. The aims of this first expedition were to observe the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun (3–4 June of that year), and to

"History of the Forbidden City"
1987, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The site of the Forbidden City was situated on the Imperial city during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital from Beijing in the north to Nanjing in the south, and in 1369 ordered that the Yuan palaces be razed. His son Zhu Di was created Prince of Yan with his seat in Beijing. In 1402, Zhu Di usurped the throne and became the Yongle Emperor. He made Beijing a secondary capital of the Ming empire,

"Forbidden City"
to Beijing, and construction began in 1406 on what would become the Forbidden City. Construction lasted 14 years and required more than a million workers. Material used include whole logs of precious ""Phoebe zhennan"" wood () found in the jungles of south-western China, and large blocks of marble from quarries near Beijing. The floors of major halls were paved with ""golden bricks"" (), specially baked paving bricks from Suzhou. From 1420 to 1644, the Forbidden City was the seat of the Ming dynasty. In April 1644, it was captured by rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, who proclaimed himself emperor

prefectures. Each batch took months to bake, resulting in smooth bricks that ring with a metallic sound. Much of the interior pavings seen today are six-century-old originals. Soil excavated during construction of the moat was piled up to the north of the palace to create an artificial hill, the Jingshan hill. Even before the palace was completed, Zhu Di moved to Beijing under the guise of ""touring and hunting"" (巡狩): the administrative centre of the empire gradually shifted from Nanjing to Beijing. When the palace was completed in 1420, Zhu Di moved there and Beijing officially became the primary capital

of the empire. However, scarcely nine months after their construction, the three main halls including the throne room burnt down, and it would be 23 years before they were rebuilt. From 1420 to 1644, the Forbidden City was the seat of the Ming Dynasty. In April 1644, rebel forces led by Li Zicheng captured it, and Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, hanged himself on Jingshan Hill. Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor of the Shun Dynasty at the Hall of Military Eminence. However, he soon fled before the combined armies of former Ming general Wu Sangui and Manchu

the Ziwei Enclosure (), was the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family. The Forbidden City, as the residence of the terrestrial emperor, was its earthly counterpart. ""Jin"", or """"Forbidden"""", referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor's permission. ""Cheng"" means a city. Today, the site is most commonly known in Chinese as ""Gùgōng"" (), which means the ""Former Palace"". The museum which is based in these buildings is known as the ""Palace Museum"" (). When Hongwu Emperor's son Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, he moved the capital from Nanjing

"Qin Shi Huang"
Chanyu. Qin Shi Huang also worked with his minister Li Si to enact major economic and political reforms aimed at the standardization of the diverse practices of the earlier Chinese states. He is traditionally said to have banned and burned many books and executed scholars, though a closer examination renders the account doubtful. His public works projects included the unification of diverse state walls into a single Great Wall of China and a massive new national road system, as well as the city-sized mausoleum guarded by the life-sized Terracotta Army. He ruled until his death in 210 BC during his

of the Shun dynasty. He soon fled before the combined armies of former Ming general Wu Sangui and Manchu forces, setting fire to parts of the Forbidden City in the process. By October, the Manchus had achieved supremacy in northern China, and a ceremony was held at the Forbidden City to proclaim the young Shunzhi Emperor as ruler of all China under the Qing dynasty. The Qing rulers changed the names on some of the principal buildings, to emphasise ""Harmony"" rather than ""Supremacy"", made the name plates bilingual (Chinese and Manchu), and introduced Shamanist elements to the palace. In 1860,

"Yongle Emperor"
difficulties in Nanjing also led the Yongle Emperor to re-establish Beiping (present-day Beijing) as the new imperial capital. He repaired and reopened the Grand Canal and, between 1406 and 1420, directed the construction of the Forbidden City. He was also responsible for the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, considered one of the wonders of the world before its destruction by the Taiping rebels in 1856. As part of his continuing attempt to control the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats, the Yongle Emperor also greatly expanded the imperial examination system in place of his father's use of personal recommendation and appointment. These scholars completed the

forces, setting fire to parts of the Forbidden City in the process. By October 1644, the Manchus had achieved supremacy in northern China, and prince regent Dorgon proclaimed the Qing Dynasty as the successor to the Ming. A ceremony was held at the Forbidden City to proclaim the young Shunzhi Emperor as ruler of all China. The Qing rulers largely maintained the Palace's Ming Dynasty scheme, except for the names of some of the principal buildings. The Ming Dynasty names favoured the character ""ji"" (), meaning ""supremacy"" or ""extremity"", while the new Qing names favoured names meaning ""peace"" and ""harmony"";

during the Second Opium War, Anglo-French forces took control of the Forbidden City and occupied it until the end of the war. In 1900 Empress Dowager Cixi fled from the Forbidden City during the Boxer Rebellion, leaving it to be occupied by forces of the treaty powers until the following year. After being the home of 24 emperors – 14 of the Ming dynasty and 10 of the Qing dynasty – the Forbidden City ceased being the political centre of China in 1912 with the abdication of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. Under an agreement with the new Republic

"The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song)"
The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song) ""The Birds and the Bees"" was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the ""birds and the bees"" idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education. An international hit in 1965, ""The Birds and the Bees"" was reminiscent of such 1950s' honky tonk-style hits as ""Blueberry Hill"" by Fats Domino and ""Kansas City"" by Wilbert Harrison. ""The Birds and the Bees"" is said to have been written by the twelve-year-old son of Era Records' owner Herb Newman: the songwriting credit on the

"Paula Watson"
Paula Watson Paula Watson (September 9, 1927 – October 19, 2003) was an American jazz and R&B singer and pianist. She was born in Mobile, Alabama. After moving to California, she recorded for the Supreme label in Los Angeles, and her first single, ""A Little Bird Told Me"", written by jazz pianist Harvey Brooks and featuring guitarist Tiny Webb, reached number 2 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart (then called the ""Race Records"" chart), and number 6 on the pop chart. The song was covered by Evelyn Knight for Decca Records, with a similar musical arrangement, and Supreme sued Decca for

also performed in Finnish by Laila Kinnunen as ""Kuinka kuu katoaa"". The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song) ""The Birds and the Bees"" was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the ""birds and the bees"" idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education. An international hit in 1965, ""The Birds and the Bees"" was reminiscent of such 1950s' honky tonk-style hits as ""Blueberry Hill"" by Fats Domino and ""Kansas City"" by Wilbert Harrison. ""The Birds and the Bees"" is said to have been written by the twelve-year-old son

different arrangements and thus considerably honing the song's original format. Recorded at Gold Star Studios - with sound engineer Stan Ross employing the innovative technique of ""chorusing"" by patching the session guitarist into an organ speaker - ""The Birds and the Bees"" afforded Akens a Top Ten hit in the first quarter of 1965 reaching #2 on the US ""Cash Box"" singles chart and #3 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart: the single also reached #21 on the US ""Billboard"" Black Singles chart. The disc also had strong chart impact internationally reaching #3 in Australia, #6 in Belgium (Flemish

of ""(The Same Thing Happens with) The Birds and the Bees"". However, Cogan did cover Akens's hit for release in Scandinavia and was afforded a #1 hit in Sweden for three weeks in the summer of 1965, and also a Top Ten hit in both Denmark and Norway, with respective peaks of #8 and #4 (Cogan's version of ""The Birds and the Bees"" matching the Norwegian chart peak of Akens' original). A 1966 single release by Rufus and Carla Thomas was more simply titled as ""Birds and Bees"". Bobby G. Rice recorded ""The Birds and the Bees"" in 1971 to

"Birdie Told Me"
Birdie Told Me ""Birdie Told Me"" is a song by the Bee Gees, recorded for the album ""Horizontal"" (1967). It was written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. The song has a duration of 2 minutes and 19 seconds in mono and 2:23 in stereo. ""Birdie Told Me"" was covered by Dodle Best. When the band entered Chappell Studios to begin the recording in earnest, the first song they recorded was ""Birdie Told Me"". Barry recalls ""'Birdie Told Me' is something I think I brought in, really about love on the rebound"". ""Obviously the person has lost the one he

Region), #3 in the Netherlands and #4 in Norway. musicians on the recording included Billy Strange and Ervan Coleman on guitar, Bob West and Arthur Wright on bass, Hal Blaine on drums and Leon Russell on piano. In the UK ""The Birds and the Bees"" afforded Akens a more moderate hit reaching #29. with Akens besting a cover version by Johnny Kidd & the Pirates which failed to chart. Alma Cogan is often credited with a UK cover of ""The Birds and the Bees"": in fact her UK single of that name - #25 in 1956 - was a recording

Jewel Akens' recording of ""The Birds and the Bees"" reads Barry Stuart which is the song's standard songwriting credit although some subsequent recordings (i.e. by artists other than Akens) identify the composer as Herb Newman himself (Newman had written ""The Wayward Wind"" a 1956 #1 hit for Gogi Grant). Jewel Akens had recorded one single for Era as frontman for the doo-wop group the Turn-Arounds in 1964 when Newman pitched ""The Birds and the Bees"" as the group's next recording: as Akens was the only group member to favor the song he recorded it solo, working through four or five

"The Birds and the Bees (film)"
George is completely taken in by Jean's masquerade. Soon her hapless victim is so confused and bothered he does not know which way is up, but, in the end, after all the twists and turns, deceptions and lies, true love wins out. The songs in ""The Birds and the Bees"" were written by Harry Warren (music) and Mack David (lyrics): Two other songs were written for the film but not used: ""(The Same Thing Happens with) The Birds And The Bees"" has been recorded by a number of singers, including Barbara Lyon, Alan Dale and Alma Cogan. Cogan had a

"The birds and the bees"
it is the wind which blows the pollen dust from one plant to the other, and sometimes it is the bees gathering honey from the flowers. As they suck the honey from the blossoms some of the plant dust sticks to their legs and bodies, and as they go to another plant in search of sweets this is rubbed off and so the parts of the father and mother plant get together and the seed is made fertile."" ""Safe Counsel"" was reprinted at least 40 times from 1893 through 1930 and may have been widely enough repeated to have contributed

"United States constitutional law"
with an authorized federal program, except for minor or indirect regulation, such as state taxation of federal employees. Many powers of Congress and of the President are specifically enumerated by the Constitution. Enumerated powers of Congress Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution enumerates many explicit powers of Congress. See Enumerated powers. Enumerated powers of the President Several important powers are enumerated to the President under Article II, Section 2. These include: The Presentment Clause (Article I, Section 7, cl. 2-3) grants the president the power to veto Congressional legislation and Congress the power to override a presidential veto with

"Legislative veto in the United States"
has reserved a 'legislative veto.'"" Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that drafted the U.S. Constitution considered and rejected proposals for a ""legislative veto"" designed to reconcile the states to the federal union. Edmund Randolph proposed that: ""The National Legislature ought to be impowered [sic] . . . to negative all laws passed by the several States contravening in the opinion of the National Legislature the articles of Union."" The provision became part of Alexander Hamilton's proposal for a new government based on national consolidation, all but eliminating state sovereignty. As of 1975, 10 states' constitutions allowed the governor

"Article One of the United States Constitution"
requiring both houses of Congress to pass a bill for it to become law, subject to the veto power of the President of the United States. Under Section 7, the president can veto a bill, but Congress can override the president's veto with a two-thirds vote of both chambers. Section 8 lays out the powers of Congress. It includes several enumerated powers, including the power to lay and collect taxes and tariffs for the ""general welfare"" of the United States, the power to borrow money, the power to regulate interstate and international commerce, the power to set naturalization laws, the

Veto
in session. The President is constitutionally required to state any objections to the bill in writing, and the Congress is required to consider them, and to reconsider the legislation. Returning the unsigned bill to Congress constitutes a veto. If the Congress overrides the veto by a two-thirds vote in each house, it becomes law without the President's signature. Otherwise, the bill fails to become law unless it is presented to the President again and the President chooses to sign it. Historically, the Congress overrides the Presidential veto 7% of the time. A bill becomes law without the President's signature if

Veto
States Senate. Rather than provide for an actual legislative veto, however, the procedure created by the Act provides that, if the President should recommend rescission of a budgetary line item from a budget bill he previously signed into law—a power he already possesses pursuant to U.S. Const. Article II—the Congress must vote on his request within ten days. Because the legislation that is the subject of the President's request (or ""Special Message"", in the language of the bill) was already enacted and signed into law, the vote by the Congress would be ordinary legislative action, not any kind of veto—whether

Promulgation
of the following ways: signed by the President of the United States; neither signed nor vetoed by the President within ten days from reception (excluding Sundays) while the Congress is in session; or, when both the Senate and the House of Representatives vote, by a two-thirds majority in each chamber, to override a presidential veto during its session. In United States administrative law, a federal regulation may be said to be formally promulgated when it appears in the ""Federal Register"" and after the public-comment period concludes. Amendments to the United States Constitution attain force of law ""when ratified by the

"Act of Congress"
veto). In addition, if the President rejects a bill or resolution while the Congress is in session, a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress is needed for reconsideration to be successful. Promulgation in the sense of publishing and proclaiming the law is accomplished by the President, or the relevant presiding officer in the case of an overridden veto, delivering the act to the Archivist of the United States. After the Archivist receives the Act, he or she provides for its publication as a slip law and in the United States Statutes at Large. Thereafter, the changes are published

Veto
the Salisbury Convention, the Lords, by convention, cannot delay any bills set out in the governing party's manifesto. Proposed legislation (a bill) that is passed by both houses of Congress is presented to the President, in his capacity as head of the government. If the President approves of the bill, he signs it into law. According to of the Constitution, if the President does not approve of the bill and chooses not to sign, he may return it unsigned, within ten days, excluding Sundays, to the house of the United States Congress in which it originated, while the Congress is

could disapprove the cancellation and reinstate the funds. The President could veto the disapproval, but the Congress, by a two-thirds vote in each House, could override the veto. In the case ""Clinton v. City of New York"", the Supreme Court found the Line Item Veto Act unconstitutional because it violated the Presentment clause. First, the procedure delegated legislative powers to the President, thereby violating the nondelegation doctrine. Second, the procedure violated the terms of Section Seven, which state, ""if he approve [the bill] he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it."" Thus, the President may sign the

The proliferation of legislative veto provisions in legislation raised a series of constitutional questions. Congress until relatively recently had applied the veto provisions to some action taken by the President or another executive officer—such as a reorganization of an agency, the lowering or raising of tariff rates, the disposal of federal property—then began expanding the device to give itself a veto over regulations issued by executive branch agencies, and proposals were made to give Congress a veto over all regulations issued by executive branch independent agencies. In ""Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha"", 462 U.S. 919 (1983), the Supreme Court

Rugrats
to 2001. It was Nickelodeon's longest-running cartoon for 8 years until 2012, when ""SpongeBob SquarePants"" aired its 173rd episode. It is now Nickelodeon's third longest running animated series, behind ""The Fairly OddParents"" and ""SpongeBob SquarePants"". On July 16, 2018, it was announced that Nickelodeon had given a series order to a 26-episode revival of the series, executive produced by Klasky, Csupó, and Germain. It was also further announced that Paramount Pictures had greenlit a live-action/CGI hybrid feature film and that it was scheduled for a November 2020 release date. The series focuses on the experiences of a courageous, adventurous one-year-old

Rugrats
Rugrats Rugrats is an American animated children's television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on a group of toddlers, most prominently Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving common life experiences that become adventures in the babies' imaginations. The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after ""Doug"" and before ""The Ren & Stimpy Show"". Production was initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994. From 1995 to 1996, the only new

Rugrats
released on June 2, 2009, along with the first and second seasons of ""The Fairly OddParents"" (although the ""Rugrats"" Season 2 was released in a ""Best of"" collection). Season 3 and 4 were released on September 23, 2011, through the CreateSpace program. Season 5 was released shortly after on October 4. On October 6, 2011, the complete Seasons 6–8 were released through CreateSpace, and Season 9 was released in a ""Best of"" collection. Amazon re-released seasons 2 & 9 as complete seasons on May 9, 2014. As of February 2017, the Amazon.com releases have been discontinued. In May 2017, Nickelodeon

Rugrats
at the rich library they have, and not just ""Rugrats"","" Michael Sammaciccia said, in response to a fan question. On July 16, 2018, it was announced that Nickelodeon had given a series order to a 26-episode revival of the series, executive produced by Klasky, Csupó, and Germain. It was further announced that Paramount Pictures had greenlit a live-action/CGI hybrid feature film and that it was scheduled for a November 13, 2020 release date. Rugrats Rugrats is an American animated children's television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on a group of

Rugrats
the babies and their parents after they age up by 10 years. Another spin-off series, ""Rugrats Pre-School Daze"", was considered, but only four episodes were produced. Two direct-to-video specials were released in 2005 and 2006, under the title ""Rugrats Tales from the Crib"". Tie-in media for the series include video games, comics, toys, and various other merchandise. ""Rugrats"" gained over 20 awards during its 13-year run, including 4 Daytime Emmy Awards, 6 Kids' Choice Awards, and its own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The series garnered high ratings on Nickelodeon and was the network's top-rated show from 1995

Rugrats
and Paramount Home Media Distribution released Seasons 1 and 2 on DVD. In February 2018, Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Media Distribution released Seasons 3 and 4 on DVD. In Australia, all seasons have been released by Beyond Home Entertainment. Since its debut in 1991, ""Rugrats"" has generally received positive reviews from critics and fans. In a 1995 interview, Steven Spielberg (who, at the time, was producing several competing animated series for Warner Bros.) referred to the show as one of several shows that were the best children's programming at the time. Spielberg described ""Rugrats"" as ""sort of a TV ""Peanuts""

Rugrats
Arlene Klasky, along with Paul Germain in 1989. Klasky Csupo had a major animation firm at the time which also provided services for commercials and music videos. Klasky, Csupó, and Germain were also animating ""The Simpsons"" at the time, which they would continue to do until 1992. The trio decided to create their own series in reaction to a proclamation by the children's cable network Nickelodeon that they were to launch their own line of animated shows, which would be later called Nicktoons. With the comedic stimulation branching from the antics of Klasky and Csupó's infant children and also pulling

Rugrats
1:30 am. As of January 2, 2005, ""Rugrats"" was pulled off the network and ""64 Zoo Lane"" took its place, but it came back on February 15, 2014, and can be seen after ""Peppa Pig"" at 3:30 pm. Through its full run, ""Rugrats"" occupied several main voice actors. E.G. Daily provided the voice of Tommy Pickles, except in the unaired pilot where Tami Holbrook provided the voice; Christine Cavanaugh was the original voice of Chuckie Finster, but left the show for personal reasons and was subsequently replaced by Nancy Cartwright in 2002. The fraternal twins, Phil and Lil (as well

"Rugrats (comic strip)"
at some point during its run, in the United States, Australia, Brazil, and Canada. Newspapers in Orlando (home of Nickelodeon Studios) never picked up the title, while ""Rugrats"" was dropped early from New York and Los Angeles papers, home of the Viacom and Klasky-Csupo headquarters, respectively. Scott Gray and Tim Harkins created two special strips for Mott's Flavored Applesauce, single-serving. Occasional comic strips conflict with the continuity of the television series, reintroducing characters in different scenarios, but some take plotlines from episodes. For the weeks of November 26 to December 9, 2000, the strips were themed to the feature film

Rugrats
and, naturally, into the show. In 1994, before Nick premiered the last of the original 65, production of new episodes went on hiatus, and most of the ""Rugrats"" writing team left Klasky-Csupo. After the first-run days were over, Nickelodeon had enough episodes to show every day, and did just that, scheduling the show in the early evening, when both kids and parents would be watching, among multiple other times in the day; in 1996, ""Rugrats"" episodes had aired 655 times over the course of the calendar year, and despite (or perhaps because of) the saturation it remained one of cable

"Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare (Zimbabwe)"
Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare (Zimbabwe) The Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare is a government ministry, responsible for labour relations and welfare in Zimbabwe. Clever Nyathi was the incumbent minister until 2 December while the Joshua Malinga was appointed as the deputy minister for the portfolio of Social Welfare. Nyathi was replaced by ZANU-PF lawmaker Petronella Kagonye. It oversees National Social Security Authority. On November 27, 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe following the 2017 Zimbabwe coup d'état, announced the dissolution of the Zimbabwe Cabinet, leaving only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe

"Ministry of Local Government (Uganda)"
The coordinates of the ministry headquarters are 0°18'49.0""N, 32°34'57.0""E (Latitude:0.313611; Longitude:32.582500). The minister is assisted by a Minister of State, currently Jennifer Namuyangu. Administratively, the ministry is divided into the following directorates and departments. Ministry of Local Government (Uganda) The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG), is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for the ""creation, supervision and guidance of sustainable, efficient and effective service delivery in the decentralized system of governance. The ministry is responsible for the harmonization and support of all local government functions, to cause positive socio-economic transformation of Uganda"". The ministry is headed by

Ministry of Local Government (Uganda) The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG), is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for the ""creation, supervision and guidance of sustainable, efficient and effective service delivery in the decentralized system of governance. The ministry is responsible for the harmonization and support of all local government functions, to cause positive socio-economic transformation of Uganda"". The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister, currently Tom Butime. The headquarters of the ministry are located on the 4th Floor of Workers House, on Pilkington Avenue, in the Central Division of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.

"Cabinet of Zimbabwe"
Cabinet of Zimbabwe The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is an executive body of appointed government ministers. Until 1987, the Cabinet was chaired by the Prime Minister; it is now headed by the President. On 30 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, formed a new cabinet. On 3 December 2017, Mnangagwa replaced two of his ministers amidst criticism by opposition parties. On 7 September 2018, President Mnangagwa appointed a new cabinet after winning 2018 presidential elections. The new 20 member cabinet, along with 13 deputy ministers and nine provincial ministers, was sworn in on 11 September 2018. It

to be a pathologist but is not listed in the Medical and Dental Practitioners Council of Zimbabwe registry and has not practiced as such in Zimbabwe Cabinet of Zimbabwe The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is an executive body of appointed government ministers. Until 1987, the Cabinet was chaired by the Prime Minister; it is now headed by the President. On 30 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, formed a new cabinet. On 3 December 2017, Mnangagwa replaced two of his ministers amidst criticism by opposition parties. On 7 September 2018, President Mnangagwa appointed a new cabinet after

who are not Members of Parliament may sit and speak, but not vote, in the Senate or the National Assembly A member of the Cabinet is appointed by the President to be the leader of government business in the National Assembly. . Emmarson Dambudzo Mnagagwa was elected President for the first time in his own right in elections held on 30 July 2018 ( after previously finishing the term of Robert Mugabe in July 2018). The election result was disputed and challenged before the Zimbabwean Constitutional court. The court ruled in Mnagagwa's favor and he was sworn in on 26

"Politics of Zimbabwe"
not take effect retrospectively (Robert Mugabe had held the office from 1987 to 2017). The Cabinet is appointed by the president and responsible to the House of Assembly. Parliament consists of the House of Assembly and, since 2005, the Senate, which had previously been abolished in 1990. The House of Assembly has 210 members elected by universal suffrage, including the Speaker, and the Attorney General, and may serve for a maximum of five years. Under the 2013 constitution, the Senate consists of 80 members, of whom 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10

"Paul Mangwana"
a new Constitution for Zimbabwe. The constitution making process was the subject of a documentary, Democrats (film) by Danish filmmaker Camilla Nielsson, in which Mangwana is featured prominently alongside Mwonzora. Paul Mangwana Paul Mangwana (born 10 August 1961) is a Zimbabwean politician, who has previously served in the cabinet of Zimbabwe. Mangwana, who had previously served as Deputy Minister of Transport and Communications, was appointed as Minister of State for State Enterprises and Parastatals on 25 August 2002. He was subsequently appointed as Minister of Labour and Social Welfare on 9 February 2004 and later served as acting Minister of

"Nomvula Mokonyane"
in the Lesotho Highlands Project, and who denied LTE tenders, have since been replaced. A second controversy in which Mokonyane finds herself relates to the merger of two of South Africa's powerful water boards, the Umgeni and Mhlathuze boards, both in KwaZulu-Natal. This action was taken despite the misgivings of the South African Treasury. Mokonyane appointed Dudu Myeni to oversee the merger. Nomvula Mokonyane Nomvula Paula Mokonyane (born 28 June 1963, Kagiso, Gauteng) is the Minister of Environmental Affairs in South Africa, appointed on 22 November 2018 under President Cyril Ramaphosa. She was first appointed to the cabinet of South

"Ayanda Dlodlo"
Ayanda Dlodlo Ayanda Dlodlo (born 22 May 1963) is the Minister of Public Service & Administration of The Republic of South Africa since 27 February 2018. Dlodlo served as Minister of Home Affairs, from 17 October 2017 until 27 February 2018; she also served as the Minister of Communications from 31 March 2017 to 17 October 2017. She is a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of African National Congress (ANC) and serves as the chairperson of the Legislature and Governance subcommittee. A Member of Parliament, Dlodlo is also the South African Representative on the Open Government Partnership. Ayanda

what was the initial effect of the transition from command to market economies in eastern europe

"Transition economy"
sufficient liquidity to maintain commerce might be needed. In addition to tariff protection, measures to control capital flight were also considered necessary in some instances. The most influential strategy for the transition to a market economy was that adopted by Poland launched in January 1990. The strategy was strongly influenced by IMF and World Bank analyses of successful and unsuccessful stabilization programmes which had been adopted in Latin America in the 1980s. The strategy incorporated a number of interdependent measures including macro-economic stabilization; the liberalization of wholesale and retail prices; the removal of constraints to the development of private enterprises

would force a currency devaluation that would support export-led growth. However, when prices were de-controlled enterprises and retailers raised their prices to match those prevailing in the black market or towards world price levels, earning them windfall profits initially. Consumers reacted by reducing their purchases and by substituting better quality imported goods in place of domestically produced goods. Falling sales led to the collapse of many domestic enterprises, with personnel lay-offs or reduced hours of work and pay. This further reduced effective demand. As imports grew and exporters failed to respond to opportunities in world markets due to the poor

"Economic history of Europe"
the war. Governments became involved with new issues such as rationing, manpower allocation, home defense, evacuation in the face of air raids, and response to occupation by an enemy power. The morale and psychology of the people responded to leadership and propaganda. Typically women were mobilized to an unprecedented degree. The success in mobilizing economic output was a major factor in supporting combat operations. All of the powers involved had learned from their experiences on the Home front during World War I and tried to use its lessons and avoid its possible sources of error. The home front engaged in

measures ahead of structural measures that would by their nature take longer to implement. The ""credibility"" of the transition process was enhanced by the adoption of the Washington Consensus favoured by the IMF and the World Bank. Stabilization was deemed a necessity in Hungary and Poland where state budget deficits had grown and foreign debts had become larger than the country's capacity to service. Western advisers and domestic experts working with the national governments and the IMF introduced stabilization programmes aiming to achieve external and internal balance, which became known as shock therapy. It was argued that ""one cannot jump

"Price revolution"
demand for goods of all kinds. Agricultural products then became crucial to the European market. Producers were unable to respond to the rising demand as new and less fertile land were cultivated. Essentially, marginal costs were increasing and per-capita yields were shrinking, while demand continued to rise. The price of agricultural commodities, especially grain, rose sooner and faster than those of other goods, and the inflation of agricultural prices eventually caused a general increase in price level in all industries. Until the mid-17th century, the number of mouths to feed outran the capacity of agriculture to supply basic foodstuffs, causing

over a chasm in two leaps"". The many foreign advisers from, principally, the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden were often under contract to the international financial institutions and bilateral or multilateral technical assistance programmes. They favoured free trade and exchange rate convertibility rather than trade protection and capital controls, which might have checked capital flight. They tended to support privatization without prior industrial restructuring; an exception was to be found in Eastern Germany where the Treuhand (Trust Agency) prepared state-owned enterprises for the market at considerable cost to the government. Western technical assistance programmes were established by European

investment was attracted to the transition economies. Local-manufactured higher quality consumer goods became available and won market share back from imports. Stabilization of the exchange rate was made more difficult by large-scale capital flight, with domestic agents sending part of their earning abroad to destinations where they believed their capital was more secure. The promise of European Union membership and the adoption of the EU's legislation and regulations (the Community acquis or ""acquis communautaire"") helped secure trust in property rights and economic and governmental institutions in much of Central and Eastern Europe. Some economists have argued that the growth performance

other aid programs, chiefly from the United States. Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen conclude it was, "" History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program."" They state: Jacob Magid argues: Historians also emphasize its political impact. The powerful combination of ERP and NATO (1949) gave Europe the assurance of America's commitment to the security and prosperity of Western Europe, and helped the recipients avoid the pessimism and despair that characterized the aftermath of World War I. The Marshall Plan thus created in Europe an unstoppable ""revolution of rising expectations,"" the striking phrase coined in 1950 by Harlan Cleveland, an economist and

nations' positions in output of refined raw materials, e.g. steel, and in finished goods fell in contrast to Asian countries. Several Asian nations made use of comparative advantage and specialized in producing certain goods, utilizing comparably cheaper labor forces. First this occurred in Japan and the four ""Asian Tigers"" (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore); by the latter half of the 1980s the shift of industrial production began occurring in the newly industrializing countries. First, the shift occurred in cheaper, lower technology products, such as textiles. Then, this shift occurred in higher-technology goods, such ""durables"" as refrigerators or automobiles.

several activities to help the British army and navy, including taking down metal fences and gates to replace them with stone or wood. The metal was then melted down, and used for battle ships or planes. The major powers devoted 50–61 percent of their total GDP to munitions production. The Allies produced about three times as much in munitions as the Axis powers. Source: Goldsmith data in Harrison (1988) p. 172 Source: Jerome B Cohen, ""Japan's Economy in War and Reconstruction"" (1949) p. 354 The ""Marshall Plan"" (officially the ""European Recovery Program"" or ""ERP"") was a system of American economic

Toyota
Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others. Toyota marketing, sales, and distribution in the US are conducted through a separate subsidiary, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. It has started producing larger trucks, such as the

"History of Toyota"
development facility, a presence in Thailand was established, the 10 millionth model was produced, a Deming Prize, and partnerships with Hino Motors and Daihatsu were also established. The first Toyota built outside Japan was in April 1963, in Melbourne, Australia. From 1963 until 1965, Australia was Toyota's biggest export market. By the end of the decade, Toyota had established a worldwide presence, as the company had exported its one-millionth unit. The first Japanese vehicles to arrive in North America were five Land Cruisers in El Salvador in May 1953. The first Toyotas sent to Europe were two Toyopet Tiaras sent

Toyota
Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s. Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to making small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an entry-level product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low. Conservative Toyota held on to rear-wheel-drive designs for longer than

Toyota
Pickup in some markets) became famous for being extremely durable and reliable, and many of these trucks from as early as the late 1970s are still on the road today, some with over 300,000 miles. Extended- and crew-cab versions of these small haulers were eventually added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names depending on the market. Riding on the success of the compact pickups in the US, Toyota decided to attempt to enter the traditionally domestic-dominated full-size pickup market, introducing the T100 for the 1993 US model year, with production ending in 1998. While having a

lawsuit involving unintended acceleration in some of its vehicles. History of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its

first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936. Early vehicles bear a striking resemblance to the Dodge Power Wagon and Chevrolet, with some parts actually interchanging with their American originals. Although the Toyota Group is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms, which are now computerized, and electric sewing machines which are available, worldwide. Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. Although the founding family's name

Toyota
released in the U.S. in November 2016. Unlike the first generation model, it is available in all 50 states.Sales in Japan started on February 15, 2017. The first generation Toyota RAV4 EV was leased in the United States from 1997 to 2003, and at the lessees' request, many units were sold after the vehicle was discontinued. A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California to meet the state’s CARB mandate for zero-emissions vehicles. As of mid-2012, there were almost 500 units still in use. In May 2010, Toyota launched a collaboration with Tesla Motors to create electric vehicles.

"Toyota Hilux"
line with competitors of the time. In 1991, North American production began at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California (the VIN on these trucks starts with '4T'), however some trucks sold in the United States during the 1991–1995 model years were still manufactured in Japan (VIN starts with 'JT'). The Hilux received a minor facelift in 1991 (for the 1992 model year), which was a minor grille change and the new Toyota emblem that had been recently adopted. It was during this generation that Toyota discontinued the Hilux in the United States, replacing it with the new Tacoma for the

Toyota
to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s. By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The so-called ""chicken tax"" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks. In response to the tariff, Toyota,

"Toyota Camry"
urging of its US counterpart, imposing a voluntary cartel in May 1981 with a threshold for the export of motor vehicles to the US. Toyota would eventually pursue circumvention; firstly by entering into venture by forming NUMMI with General Motors in 1984 to manufacture the Toyota Corolla, and then by setting up its own facility at Georgetown, Kentucky in 1988 for the next generation Camry. Sales of the V10 Camry in the US began in March 1983 after exports commenced in January, and by 1985 it had sold 128,000 units. Unlike other markets, federalized quad headlamps were fitted for the

"Terry's Chocolate Orange"
in 2017. Since 2005 and the closure of the Terry factory in York, Chocolate Orange products have been manufactured near Jankowice, Poland. In 1979, Terry's launched the Chocolate Lemon, but it was withdrawn three years later. The Terry's Chocolate Orange comprises an orange-shaped ball of chocolate mixed with orange oil, divided into 20 segments, similar to a real orange, and wrapped in orange-skin patterned foil. When packaged, the segments are stuck together firmly in the centre; therefore, prior to unwrapping, the ball is traditionally tapped severely on a hard surface to cause the segments to separate from each other (dubbed

round for long"""" (some include the ""Countdown"" timer music). The newest advertising campaign in the United Kingdom features various situations in which people are trying to break the segments of their Terry's Chocolate Orange apart with the slogan """"Smash it to pieces, love it to bits"""". On 29 May 2016, the UK product size was reduced from 175g to 157g by changing the moulded shape of each segment to leave an air gap between each piece. Terry's Chocolate Orange Terry's Chocolate Orange is a chocolate product created by Terry's in 1932 at the Chocolate Works factory in York, England. It

Terry's Chocolate Orange Terry's Chocolate Orange is a chocolate product created by Terry's in 1932 at the Chocolate Works factory in York, England. It was made by Mondelēz International from 2012 to 2017. As of spring 2017, it is made by Carambar & Co. The company opened the Art Deco-style factory The Chocolate Works in 1926, and began launching new products. These included the Dessert Chocolate Apple (1926), Terry's All Gold (1931) and the Chocolate Orange (1932). At the onset of World War II, confectionery production was immediately halted. The factory was taken over by F. Hills and Sons of

"Nutty Bars"
Nutty Bars Nutty Bars in the United States are a snack manufactured by McKee Foods under the brand title of Little Debbie. The snack consists of four wafers sandwiched together in a peanut butter mixture and covered in chocolate. The packages generally come in sealed packs of 2 wafers. A serving size (57g), has 310 calories, 18g of fat with 8g of it being saturated fat, and 20g of sugar. They are now referred to as ""Nutty Buddy"" due to a name change. McKee Foods/Little Debbie also makes snacks similar to these, which are known as Peanut Butter Crunch Bars.

"Choc Nut"
‘Filipino stores’ popular in other countries around the world, where they are sold alongside various local products. A pack of Choc Nut contains 24 pieces individually wrapped in silver foil and white paper, later plastic, on the outer side bearing the logo and signature red stripes. The packs are a bronze colour with white and red lines running through it horizontally. In the early days of its manufacturing, Choc Nut wrappers printed promos or collectibles on the inside of the wrapper. This was eventually discontinued. King Choc Nut manufacturers also sell a powdered milk version of the sweet. Many restaurants

Cococubs
Cococubs Cococubs were a set of 32 hollowcast hand-painted lead figures of anthropomorphic creatures given away with Cadburys Bournville Cocoa from 1934 to 1939. They were designed by the commercial artist and prolific illustrator of children's books, Ernest Aris The free gifts were available just as Britain was coming out of a depression where few families had spare income to indulge their children with toys. The scheme was a huge success, and within a few weeks of the campaign Cadburys ran out of the supplies of both the drinking chocolate and the Cococubs. It was only after a delay of

"Terry's"
Terry's Terry's was a British chocolate and confectionery maker based in York, England. It was founded in 1767 and in 1993 it was taken over by Kraft Foods. The company's headquarters, later renamed The Chocolate Works factory, was closed by Kraft in 2005; products using the Terry's brand name are now produced in Kraft facilities in Poland, Sweden, Belgium, and Slovakia. The Terry's name became part of Mondelēz International in 2012 and part of Carambar & Co in 2016. Their best known products include Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold box of assorted chocolates, which was also introduced

"Ben & Jerry's"
legislation. The ""Vermonster"" is a large ice cream sundae served in a ""Vermonster Bucket"" in Ben & Jerry's ""scoop shops."" Its ingredients are 20 scoops of ice cream, 4 bananas, 4 ladles of hot fudge, 3 chocolate chip cookies, 1 chocolate fudge brownie, 10 scoops of walnuts, 2 scoops each of any 4 toppings, and whipped cream. It contains 14,000 calories (kcal), and of fat. Since 2009, the Vermonster Challenge is an annual charity event held by Ben & Jerry's in which teams of four compete to finish a Vermonster and win free ice cream for a year. ""Chubby Hubby""

"Yellowman (candy)"
temperature at which boiled sugar becomes brittle when cooled. It will also only acquire its unique bubbly and crunchy consistency when a reaction occurs between the vinegar and the baking soda, which vigorously adds carbon dioxide gas throughout the mixture. Ingredients of yellowman are commonly quoted as including brown sugar, golden syrup, butter, vinegar and bicarbonate of soda but there are many local variations in ingredients and recipes. Yellowman (candy) Yellowman or yellaman is a chewy, toffee-textured honeycomb produced in Northern Ireland. Yellowman is sold in non-standard blocks and chips and is associated with the Ould Lammas Fair in Ballycastle,

"Graham McTavish"
to rave reviews from critics and audiences alike. He played Tommy Holiday, boxing trainer to Ricky Conlan (Tony Bellew), in ""Creed"". McTavish became the only actor to perform opposite Sylvester Stallone as both Rocky Balboa and John Rambo. McTavish plays the Saint of Killers in the AMC TV series ""Preacher"", having debuted in that role in the series' second episode, ""See"", in 5 June 2016. McTavish and his wife, Gwen, live in New Zealand with their two daughters, who were born c. 2012 and c. 2007. In April 2015, McTavish was the 17th Grand Marshall of New York City's Tartan

"Saint of Killers"
""strengthens [the] ink"" of the Spaghetti western influence throughout. On 6 February 2014, AMC and Sony TV officially announced the development of ""Preacher"". In the series, he is portrayed by Scottish actor Graham McTavish. The Saint of Killers has also been referenced or parodied in other forms of media, including: Saint of Killers The Saint of Killers is a fictional character who appears in the comic book series ""Preacher"", published by Vertigo Comics in 1995. The Saint of Killers was created by writer Garth Ennis with artist Steve Dillon. The Saint is described as, ""a grim, taciturn, implacable killing machine"",

Preacherman
(Ilene Kristen), who has been fooling around with multiple boys in the area. Under pretense of baptizing Mary Lou and curbing her lascivious behavior, Huxley fools her into multiple sexual encounters and diverts Judd from noticing by sending him outside to watch for ""the Angel Leroy."" Judd confesses to Huxley that instead of farming, he has generated income through an illegal moonshine still, a business sanctioned with Sheriff Bull and Bull's shopkeeper brother-in-law. Huxley, seeing a chance to make money and get revenge on Bull, suggests Judd can continue the business as a revenue-generator to build a new church, using

"Machine Gun Preacher"
village and force a young boy to attack a woman. Sam Childers (Gerard Butler) is an alcoholic drug-using biker from Pennsylvania. On his release from prison, he finds that his wife (Michelle Monaghan) has given up her job as a stripper, because she has since accepted Christ as her saviour. Initially infuriated by his wife's decision, he returns to his routine of partying and using drugs like heroin with his fellow biker friend Donnie (Michael Shannon). One night while on a bender with Donnie, he almost kills a vagrant. He is shaken by the experience, and the day after allows

"See (Preacher)"
really important to make sure that we did right by them. There was so much blood that the carpet tiles in the motel room were sticking to the bottom of our feet. They were soaked in blood."" Fellow co-star Anatol Yusef, who portrays DeBlanc, spoke of preparation required to film scene, to which he stated, ""It was kind of mad, really, because it was one of the first things, if not the first thing we did. We had a very special stunt team who were very, very helpful. And so we rehearsed it pretty solidly and on the day it

Entertainment. After having sex with a girl who turns out to be the daughter of White Oak County sheriff Zero Bull, self-proclaimed Preacherman Amos Huxley (Viola), is beaten by the sheriff and his deputy and left outside the county line, warned never to return. He is unwittingly brought back into the sheriff's jurisdiction by local farmer Judd Crabtree (Esty F. Davis Jr.), who picks up the unconscious Huxley and takes him to his home. Aware there is a countywide roadblock looking for escaped convicts (and likely himself), Huxley decides to stay with Crabtree, especially after meeting his daughter Mary Lou

"Preacher (comics)"
the script for the series complete and the pilot ordered by the studio. Comic creators Steve Dillon and Garth Ennis will work on this project as co-executive producer. On April 17, 2015, Seth Rogen tweeted that Dominic Cooper was cast in the role of Jesse Custer, Joseph Gilgun as Cassidy, Ruth Negga as Tulip O'Hare, Ian Colletti as Arseface, and W. Earl Brown as Sheriff Hugo Root. On September 9, 2015, Seth Rogen announced via Twitter that the series ordered to a ten-episode season and was due to premiere in mid-2016. The series premiered on AMC on Sunday, May 22,

travelling saleswoman Martha (who is attracted to Judd) as the new supplier instead of the sheriff's infrastructure. Other locals are brought into the operation, which becomes a success. The new venture draws the attention of Clyde Massingale (Adam Hesse), one of Mary Lou's former paramours, jealous at no longer having sexual access to the now ""saved"" girl. Huxley tries to recruit Clyde into the business to keep him quiet, but Sheriff Bull, noticing that Clyde is now working for Judd despite their history of animosity, senses the boy may know about either Huxley or the loss of his former bootlegging

"Pilot (Preacher)"
Cooper spoke of finding the script at one of his friend's houses, and commented on ""[...] really, really [liking] it. I thought it was unlike anything I’d read before and was so amazed by the depth of it — and the landscapes and the characterizations — that I wanted to know more about it"". On April 21, 2015, W. Earl Brown confirmed to be portraying Hugo Root, ""a slovenly, Western-influenced character with a skewed moral compass."" On May 5, 2015, Jamie Anne Allman and Derek Wilson were later confirmed to be a part of the pilot's supporting cast, with Allman

"Damian Chapa"
Damian Chapa Damian Robert Chapa (born October 29, 1963) is an American actor, film director,and producer. Chapa was born in Dayton, Ohio. His ancestry is of Mexican, Italian and German descent. Chapa played the part of evangelist Leroy Jenkins in the 2002 film ""The Calling"". Perhaps his most notable film role is that of Miklo Velka in Taylor Hackford's ""Blood In Blood Out"". He appeared as Ken Masters in Raúl Juliá's final film ""Street Fighter"", based on the video game """". In 2011 Damian Chapa was arrested in Madrid and later transferred to a Munich jail to await a court

"Royal Proclamation of 1763"
Royal Proclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. It forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains, which was delineated as an Indian Reserve. This proclamation rendered worthless all land grants given by the government to British subjects who fought for the Crown against France. People throughout the various colonies were filled with indignation at having been excluded from the vast region of Trans-Appalachia. This

More held birthday parties for this monumental document at various locations across Canada. Royal Proclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. It forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains, which was delineated as an Indian Reserve. This proclamation rendered worthless all land grants given by the government to British subjects who fought for the Crown against France. People throughout the various colonies were filled

during Pontiac's War, and there were many already granted land claims yet to be settled. For example, George Washington and his Virginia soldiers had been granted lands past the boundary. Prominent American colonials joined with the land speculators in Britain to lobby the government to move the line further west. Their demands were met, and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with the Native Americans. In 1768 the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Hard Labour, followed in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber, opened much of what is now Kentucky and West Virginia

a long and close relationship with France, and were dismayed to find that they were now under British sovereignty. They missed the amicable relationship with the French, along with the gifts they bestowed upon them, neither of which they had with the British. Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–66), a war launched by a group of natives around the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley, was an unsuccessful effort by the western tribes to push the British back. However tribes were able to take over a large number of the forts which commanded the waterways involved in trade within the region and export to

(1783). Afterward, the U.S. government also faced difficulties in preventing frontier violence and eventually adopted policies similar to those of the Royal Proclamation. The first in a series of Indian Intercourse Acts was passed in 1790, prohibiting unregulated trade and travel in Native American lands. In 1823, the U.S. Supreme Court case ""Johnson v. M'Intosh"" established that only the U.S. government, and not private individuals, could purchase land from Native Americans. In October 2013 the 250th anniversary of the Royal Proclamation was celebrated in Ottawa with a meeting of Indian leaders and Governor-General David Johnston. The Aboriginal movement Idle No

anger was a foreshadowing of the discontent that would later arise during the American Revolution. The Royal Proclamation continues to be of legal importance to First Nations in Canada. The 1763 proclamation line is similar to the Eastern Continental Divide's path running northwards from Georgia to the Pennsylvania–New York border and north-eastwards past the drainage divide on the St. Lawrence Divide from there northwards through New England. The Treaty of Paris was the official conclusion to the Seven Years' War, of which the French and Indian War was the North American theater. Under this treaty, France ceded ownership of all

in subsequent treaties, the British government refused to permit new colonial settlements for fear of instigating a war with Native Americans, which angered colonial land speculators. Others argue that the Royal Proclamation imposed a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown. George Washington was given of wild land in the Ohio region for his services in the French and Indian War. In 1770, Washington took the lead in securing the rights of him and his old soldiers in the French War, advancing money to pay expenses in behalf of the common cause and using his influence in the proper quarters.

of continental North America east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, and the rest of Canada to Britain. Spain received all French territory west of the Mississippi. Both Spain and Britain received some French islands in the Caribbean. France kept a few small islands used by fishermen, modern-day Haiti and the rich sugar island of Guadeloupe. Besides regulating colonial expansion, the Proclamation of 1763 dealt with the management of inherited French colonies from the French and Indian War. It established government for four areas: Quebec, West Florida, East Florida, and Grenada. Some Native American peoples—primarily in the Great Lakes region—had

by the British Crown of Aboriginal rights"" and imposes a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown. The intent and promises made to the native in the Proclamation have been argued to be of a temporary nature, only meant to appease the Native peoples who were becoming increasingly resentful of ""settler encroachments on their lands"" and were capable of becoming a serious threat to British colonial settlement. Advice given by a merchant to the Board of Trade on August 30, 1764, expressed that The Indians all know we cannot be a Match for them in the midst of an extensive

In August 1770, it was decided that Washington should personally make a trip to the western region, where he located tracts for himself and military comrades and eventually was granted letters patent for tracts of land there. The lands involved were open to Virginians under terms of the Treaty of Lochaber of 1770, except for the lands located 2 miles south of Fort Pitt, now known as Pittsburgh. In the United States, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 ended with the American Revolutionary War because Great Britain ceded the land in question to the United States in the Treaty of Paris

"Super Bowl LI halftime show"
Main performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, ""Joanne"". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing

"Super Bowl LII halftime show"
Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing ""Filthy"" in a club setting below the field level

Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, ""Joanne"". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on

"Super Bowl LII"
No players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band ""The Tennessee Kids"" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004

"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show"
Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the

"Super Bowl LIII halftime show"
Super Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. ""The New York Times"", ""Rolling Stone"", and ""Billboard"" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was

then returned to the main stage to perform ""Mirrors"", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with ""Can't Stop the Feeling!"", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song. For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects. In July 2017, Britney Spears was rumored to be the headliner,

the logistics behind it. She promoted the performance by uploading short clips on her social media accounts. Fashion house Versace created the wardrobe for the show with a custom jumpsuit for the singer. Designers Bruce Rodgers and LeRoy Bennett did the show's production work with lighting designer Bob Barnhart of 22 Degrees. The stage was created by All Access Staging & Productions, which had also created previous Super Bowl halftime stages. During the introduction scene, Gaga was accompanied by a fleet of 300 drones provided by Intel, which formed an image of the American flag behind the singer. It marked

but Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, ""along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time

with the hashtags #GOHContest and #PepsiHalftime by December 15, professing their fandom for Gaga. ""Billboard"" Colin Stutz revealed that Gaga would not be accompanied by any guest musicians, which was different from the shows of the past few years. Pepsi confirmed in a press release that a ten-second countdown would precede Gaga's performance, when a lead-in, produced by Creator's Studio featuring jazz singer Tony Bennett, would be shown. Gaga confirmed her plan to sing atop the dome of NRG Stadium, an idea given to her by her sister Natali Germanotta. Her team were worried about the safety hazards associated with

"One Piece at a Time"
One Piece at a Time ""One Piece at a Time"" is a country novelty song written by Wayne Kemp and recorded by Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Three in 1976. It was the last song performed by Cash to reach number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and the last of Cash's songs to reach the Billboard Hot 100, on which it peaked at number 29. The singer leaves his home in Kentucky in 1949 to pursue work at General Motors in Detroit, Michigan. He installs wheels on Cadillacs, watching each one roll by day after day on

wants a ride in it anyway. Townspeople began laughing at the singer's unique car as he takes it to have it registered. However, the folks at the courthouse were not as pleased — it took the ""whole staff"" to type up the vehicle title, which ended up weighing 60 pounds (27 kg). The song ends with a CB radio conversation between the singer and a truck driver inquiring about the ""psychobilly Cadillac"", in which the singer replies, ""you might say I went right up to the factory and picked it up; it's cheaper that way"". The song is in a

"In Time"
can lend her time. In New Greenwich, Will visits a casino and meets time-loaning businessman Philippe Weis and his daughter Sylvia. While playing poker, Will comes dangerously close to timing out but eventually wins more than a millennium in a flawless gamble. Sylvia invites him to a party, and Will buys a new sports car and drives himself to the party. Indoors, Will is arrested by the Timekeepers. All but two hours of his time are confiscated. Will takes Sylvia as a hostage and returns to Dayton. They are ambushed by Fortis' gang, and are left with 30 minutes each.

complete car, they attempt to assemble the pieces. Because automakers inevitably make numerous changes to their models, designs and parts over the course of a quarter-century, the result was a hodgepodge of parts from different years and models that did not fit together well (the bolt holes disappear when attempting to fit the 1973 engine with a 1953 transmission, there was only one right headlight and two left headlights, and they only had one tail fin). Despite these problems, the singer and his co-worker get the car in proper working condition. The singer's wife is skeptical of the outcome, but

"The Quincunx of Time"
J. Shelby Stevens, to let Security find out how the company gets its information. A long investigation turns up exactly nothing. Even when J. Shelby Stevens allows an interview, under the conditions of so-called ""stoolie's arrest"" in which he voluntarily places himself in custody for interview, with a guarantee of being set free immediately afterward, there is no progress. The only result is that Stevens predicts the date of their next meeting. Weinbaum uses the Dirac device to communicate with his agents, even though he suspects the communications may not be secure. Each audiovisual message is preceded by a loud

"A Thief of Time"
helping at the revival that he saw working with Maxie Davis at Chaco. Chee seeks the backhoe, finding it with the trailer at the bottom of a canyon. Then he finds two dead men in the moonlight: Joe B. Nails in the truck cab, and Jimmy Etcitty on the ground. Leaphorn visits Maxie and Randall Elliot to gain more information about Eleanor. She took her camping gear; she was likely out checking her latest discoveries. Leaphorn meets Chee at the murder site, where they connect on their two reasons to be there: the missing anthropologist and the missing motor pool

left for her weekend away; instead he rented a helicopter, as he has again done. Chee rents a helicopter and a pilot on the spot. Leaphorn uses Houk's rubber kayak to find Eleanor. He realizes that Brigham Houk is still alive, living in the wild with the help of his father. Soon after finding Many Ruins Canyon, Leaphorn climbs up the rocks and meets Brigham, who has been expecting him. Brigham shows him the wounded Eleanor, pushed down a cliff by the bad man; she is now unconscious and feverish. Brigham agrees to bring her out for medical help. Then

the assembly line, knowing that he will never be able to afford one of his own. Beginning almost immediately, the singer and a co-worker decide to ""steal"" a Cadillac by way of using their assembly line jobs to obtain the parts via salami slicing. He takes the small parts home hidden in his unusually large lunch box; larger parts are smuggled out in his co-worker's motorhome. The process of accumulating all the necessary parts turns out to take at least 25 years (the newest part mentioned, the engine, is from 1973), but once they have what they think is a

"Need for Speed Payback"
and Pontiac were added via Downloadable Content. Tyler ""Ty"" Morgan, Sean ""Mac"" McAlister, and Jessica ""Jess"" Miller are part of a crew in Silver Rock, Fortune Valley along with their friend and mechanic Ravindra ""Rav"" Chaudhry. After a friendly race between them, Tyler's childhood acquaintance and fixer Lina Navarro arrives, with a job for them: steal a precious Koenigsegg Regera belonging to Marcus ""The Gambler"" Weir with some high level tech inside. Tyler, posing as a test driver, successfully steals the car and evades the police. However, as he arrives at the drop point, he finds Rav knocked out. Lina

"A Rickle in Time"
house party, Rick decides to unfreeze time after six months of it being stopped. He warns his grandkids, Morty and Summer, that time could initially be unstable. Rick encourages their parents, Beth and Jerry, to go get ice cream to allow time to stabilize. Morty and Summer develop a sibling rivalry, and the resulting uncertainty tears time apart into two realities—depicted visually as two mostly synchronized parallel realities. They are no longer a part of any timeline, and the garage is surrounded by a black void filled with Schrödinger's cats. Rick uses a Time Crystal to try to mend the

"Minimum wage law"
Paris region and one for the rest of the country, was indexed to price inflation but rose slower than average wages. It was replaced by (""SMIC"" - ""salaire minimum de croissance"") in 1970, which remains the basis of the modern minimum wage law in France. France's national minimum wage (""SMIC"") as of 1 January 2010 is €8.86 per hour, representing an increase of 0.5% over the previous rate. A previous increase of 1.3% as from 1 July 2009, brought the hourly rate to €8.82, up from July 2008, when it was set at €8.71 per hour. In July 2006, the

"France's 35-Hour Workweek"
work 55 hours or more a week in 2008. Part-time workers put in an average 23.3 hours a week in France compared to 20.1 European average. After being implemented, the Aubry reforms were credited with lowering unemployment and expanding the economy, but now that overall unemployment rate is nearing double digits, so further reforms are being called for. As of July 2017, the overall unemployment rate in France is 9.7% and the youth unemployment rate is 22%. This has resulted in over 95% of strikes in France are related to job security, pensions and/or wages. France's 35-Hour Workweek France's 35

minimum wage in France was set at €8.27 (~US$11.98) per hour. In 2004, 15% of the working population received the minimum wage. The minimum wage in France is updated every year in January by the government. By law, the increase cannot be lower than the inflation for the current year. In the recent years the increase was up to two times higher than the inflation (around 5% raise with an inflation around 2%). Germany’s national minimum wage law (""MiLoG"" - ""Mindestlohngesetz"") came into force on 1 January 2015, introducing Germany’s first nationwide legal minimum wage to the amount of €8.50

government offered Social Security rebates to all firms that signed contracts with unions agreeing to a 35-hour work week, and wage increases. Legislation that explicitly stated that monthly income must stay at the same level only applied to hourly workers. To help small companies make the transition, the government increased the annual limit on overtime hours for small firms and set their overtime premiums at a lower rate. On 22 December 2004, the French Parliament extended the maximum number of overtime hours per year from 180 to 220 under the Fallon laws. These reforms also reduced the payroll tax cuts

France's 35-Hour Workweek France's 35 hour workweek is a part of a labor reform that was adopted in two phases with the ‘Aubry 1’ law in June 1998, and the ‘Aubry 2’ law in January 2000. This reforms were made under the Socialist Party led by Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's whose priority was to lower the unemployment rate that was at a record high of 12.5%. The goal was to induce job creation by work sharing. The previous legal duration of the working week was 39 hours, which had been established by François Mitterrand. The 35-hour working week was in

more than 20 employees. Small businesses had until January 2002 to prepare for the shift. Additional hours worked after 35 must be paid at the overtime premium of 25% for the first 8, then a 50% premium for every additional hour. Unions and firms signed an agreement to bargain the hourly wage increase to make up for the potential loss of income by the employee’s decreasing work time. Unions wanted to make sure that the reduced weekly hours would not result in a reduced income. Their slogan was ‘35 hours pays 39.’ To motivate companies to compromise with Unions, the

"35-hour workweek"
to take on new workers has instead simply increased per-hour production quotas. According to right-wing parties and economic commentators, the main reason why French firms avoid hiring new workers is that French employment regulations around labour flexibility make it difficult to lay off workers during a poor economic period. The Raffarin government, some members of which were vocal critics of the law, gradually pushed for further relaxation of the legal working time requirements. On 22 December 2004, the French Parliament extended the maximum number of overtime hours per year from 180 to 220; on 31 March 2005, another law extended

"Interprofessional Guaranteed Minimum Wage"
for calculating the allocation of certain social benefits beyond wages. The reason for this change was that the SMIG minimum wage, which was only indexed to prices, increased less rapidly than average wages due to the increase in productivity (which means fewer working hours are needed to produce the same quantity of goods), which President Georges Pompidou considered abnormal. The current minimum wage of France, SMIC, (as of 1 January 2015) is €1,457.52 gross monthly. Today, the French acronym ""SMIC"" is synonymous with the concept of ""minimum wage,"" and it is dated (as well as incorrect) to use the term

the Socialist Party's 1981 electoral program, titled 110 Propositions for France, but was not pursued because of a poor economic state. The two objectives of these labor reforms were: Aubry 1 was adopted in 1998. It was an incentive for businesses to voluntarily make the shift to a 35-hour week. It did so by offering a reduced payroll tax for all firms that lowered their current employees working hours, and hired additional workers before January 2000. Aubry 2 was adopted in January 2000. It legally lowered the standard hours worked per week from 39 down to 35 for companies with

"French labour law"
(1936). This established the right to organise a union, to bargain collectively, a legal right to strike, and was followed by enactments which limited the work week to 40 hours, excluding overtime, and guaranteed paid holidays. The Grenelle agreements negotiated on May 25 and 26th in the middle of the May 1968 crisis, reduced the working week to 44 hours and created trade union sections in each enterprise. The minimum wage was also increased by 25%. In 2000 Lionel Jospin's government then enacted the 35-hour workweek, down from 39 hours. Five years later, conservative prime minister Dominique de Villepin enacted

"Cardiac cycle"
Wiggers diagram, which presents the stages, label-wise, in 3,4,1,2 order, left-to-right.) Moving from the left along the Wiggers diagram shows the activities within four stages during a single cardiac cycle. (See the consecutive panels labeled, at bottom-right, ""Diastole"" then ""Systole""). Stages 1 and 2 together—""Isovolumic relaxation"" plus Inflow (equals ""Rapid inflow"", ""Diastasis"", and ""Atrial systole"")—comprise the ventricular ""Diastole"" period, including atrial systole, during which blood returning to the heart flows through the atria ""into"" the relaxed ventricles. Stages 3 and 4 together—""Isovolumic contraction"" plus ""Ejection""—are the ventricular ""Systole"" period, which is the simultaneous pumping of separate blood supplies ""from"" the

"Clotting time"
Clotting time Clotting time is the time required for a sample of blood to coagulate in vitro under standard conditions. There are various methods for determining the clotting time, the most common being the capillary tube method. It is affected by calcium ion levels and many diseases. Normal value of clotting time is 8 to 15 minutes. For the measurement of clotting time by test tube method, blood is placed in a glass test tube and kept at 37° C. The required time is measured for the blood to clot. There are several other methods, including testing for those on

Simultaneously, contractions of the left ventricular systole provide systemic circulation of oxygenated blood to all body systems by pumping blood through the aortic valve, the aorta, and all the arteries. (Blood pressure is routinely measured in the larger arteries off the left ventricle during the left ventricular systole). Cardiac cycle The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole (die-ASS-toe-lee), followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping

Coronary circulation Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium). Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, and cardiac veins drain away the blood once it has been deoxygenated. Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of oxygenated blood that is free of all but the slightest interruptions, the heart works constantly and sometimes works quite hard. Therefore its circulation is of major importance not only to its own tissues but to the entire body and even the level of consciousness

Cardiac cycle The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole (die-ASS-toe-lee), followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole (SIS-toe-lee). After emptying, the heart immediately relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood ""returning from"" the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting to ""pump blood to"" the lungs and those systems. A normally performing heart must be fully

Diastole
Diastole Diastole is the part of the cardiac cycle during which the heart refills with blood after the emptying done during systole (contraction). Ventricular diastole is the period during which the two ventricles are relaxing from the contortions of contraction, then dilating and filling; atrial diastole is the period during which the two atria likewise are relaxing, dilating, and filling. The term ""diastole"" originates from the Greek word διαστολή, meaning dilation. For a healthy human heart the entire cardiac cycle typically runs less than one second. That is, for a typical heart rate of 75 beats per minute (bpm), the

Perfusion
Perfusion Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue. Perfusion is measured as the rate at which blood is delivered to tissue, or volume of blood per unit time (blood flow) per unit tissue mass. The SI unit is m/(s·kg), although for human organs perfusion is typically reported in ml/min/g. The word is derived from the French verb ""perfuser"" meaning to ""pour over or through"". All animal tissues require an adequate blood supply for health and

rise and two slower rises, all components of the ""Inflow stage""—increasing to the high-volume plateau of the ""Isovolumic contraction"" stage; (find the label at left side of diagram). Then, the Systole, including the high ""Isovolumic contraction"" stage to the rapid decrease in blood volume (i.e., the vertical drop of the red-line tracing) which signifies the emptying of the ventricles during the ""Ejection"" stage of the completed cycle—all equal to one heartbeat. Valve configurations during main stages of the cardiac cycle Notes: Stages 1, 2a, and 2b together comprise the ""Diastole"" period; stages 3 and 4 together comprise the ""Systole"" period.

and expands while receiving blood into both ventricles through both atria; then, near the end of ""ventricular diastole""–late, the two atria begin to contract (""atrial systole""), and each atrium pumps blood into the ventricle 'below' it. During ""ventricular systole"" the ventricles are contracting and vigorously pulsing (or ejecting) two separated blood supplies from the heart—one to the lungs and one to all other body organs and systems—while the two atria are relaxed (""atrial diastole""). This precise coordination ensures that blood is efficiently collected and circulated throughout the body. The mitral and tricuspid valves, also known as the atrioventricular, or AV

Blood
the liver, while hormones are produced by the endocrine glands and the watery fraction is regulated by the hypothalamus and maintained by the kidney. Healthy erythrocytes have a plasma life of about 120 days before they are degraded by the spleen, and the Kupffer cells in the liver. The liver also clears some proteins, lipids, and amino acids. The kidney actively secretes waste products into the urine. About 98.5% of the oxygen in a sample of arterial blood in a healthy human breathing air at sea-level pressure is chemically combined with the hemoglobin. About 1.5% is physically dissolved in the

"Amnesia: The Dark Descent"
Amnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning two awards from the Independent Games Festival and numerous positive reviews. Originally released independently via online distribution, the game has since been published

22 November 2016, and for Xbox One on 28 September 2018. In a similar vein to the developer Frictional Games' previous games, ""Amnesia"" is an adventure game played from a first-person perspective. The game retains the physical object interaction used in the ""Penumbra"" series, allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fixing machinery. Few in-game objects are operated by toggle; to open a door, for instance, the player must hold down a mouse button and then push (or pull) the mouse. This gives the player stealth, allowing them to peek out a barely-opened door or open

the story of ""Amnesia"". It doesn't involve the same characters. The game will be set in an alternate history in the same universe."" Amnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning

her memory is restored) and, if none were saved, the Suitors, trapped, shout threats upon her; it is also possible to change Justine's final lines if a hidden document is found in the Library. Then she goes upstairs back to her house to prepare herself to attend her guests for an imminent party. Work began on the game while """" was still being developed, with the company working on both projects at the same time. The game was first known under two working titles: ""Unknown"" and ""Lux Tenebras"". It was not until 13 November 2009 that it was announced as

Gold and would soon be ready to sold. On 3 September, the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010. If the game reached 2000 pre-orders by 31 May 2010, Frictional promised it would release extra content for the game. The goal was finally met in early May, after the pre-orders were offered at a discount made available until 31 May. This was done due to the success of ""Penumbra: Overture"" as a part of the first Humble Indie Bundle. The extra content was revealed to be

stage of development on all platforms. Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual game-play footage, and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website. Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010. This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have an 8 September 2010 release. It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone

its current title, ""Amnesia"", with the release of the game's website and a game trailer. Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game, with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial title """". The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however, and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out by ""Overture""s sequel """". On 5 February 2010 it was announced that the game had reached the alpha

""The Escapist"", where he outlined in detail the process of the game's development, mostly focusing on its ever-changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game's development. A PlayStation 4 version – ""Amnesia Collection"" – was released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network; this title includes ""The Dark Descent"", its expansion ""Amnesia: Justine,"" and the sequel """". Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and ""more"". The game's music was composed by Mikko Tarmia and released for download

on 17 May 2011. Some unused music can be heard in the soundtrack, but not in-game. On 12 April 2011 Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of the Steam version of ""Amnesia"". This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle. ""Justine"" was released on Steam as a way to promote the upcoming release of ""Portal 2"", as getting 100% on the campaign (all of the collectables, all of the analysis and making correct choices) unlocks a message from fictional company Aperture Science. The content was made available for all of the games supported platforms and versions

the game's release, with Frictional recouping all the expenses from creating ""Amnesia"" by early October 2010. By the beginning of January 2011 the developer reported that nearly 200,000 units had been sold, declaring in response that ""With these figures at hand, we must confess that it gives us new confidence for the PC."" The game kept gaining sales and in July 2011 it had sold almost 350,000 units. At the 2011 Independent Games Festival ""Amnesia"" won awards for both ""Excellence in Audio"" and ""Technical Excellence"" along with the ""Direct2Drive Vision Award"" which included a $10,000 prize. A year after the

"Colon Street"
Colon Street Colon Street (Cebuano: ""Dalang Colon"") is a historical street in downtown Cebu City that is often called the oldest and the shortest national road in the Philippines. It is named after Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus). It traces its origins to the town plan by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who arrived in the Philippines to establish a colony in 1565..Colon street was once owned by the family name of Fronteras Colon, crowded and a bit run-down now, was the site of fashionable shops, offices, and movie houses. It was once the heart of Cebu City's shopping

"Mangubat Street"
traces its existence back to the 16th century. Mangubat Street Mangubat Street is a historic street located in the old Poblacion in Lapu-Lapu City, Mactan Island, Philippines. during Spanish time, it was known as ""Calle Mangubat"". It is the street where the old municipal public market stands situated within barangay Poblacion. from GY Dela Serna Street it runs parallel and next to the old town Plaza (""before F. Martir Street was constructed the road that separates the old town Plaza and Calle Mangubat"") to Calle LapuLapu (now renamed BM Dimataga Street) . named after Datu Mangubat the chieftain of Mactan

"Escolta Street"
Escolta Street Escolta Street is a historic east-west street located in the old downtown district of Binondo in Manila, Philippines. It runs parallel to the Pasig River, from Plaza Santa Cruz to Plaza Moraga and Quintin Paredes Street. The street is home to several fine examples of early skyscraper design in the Philippines. In Spanish, it is known as ""calle de la Escolta"". Its definition as a historic financial district includes Escolta and other surrounding streets of Binondo and Santa Cruz. One of the oldest streets in Manila, Escolta was created in 1594. Its name was derived from the Spanish

Mangubat Street Mangubat Street is a historic street located in the old Poblacion in Lapu-Lapu City, Mactan Island, Philippines. during Spanish time, it was known as ""Calle Mangubat"". It is the street where the old municipal public market stands situated within barangay Poblacion. from GY Dela Serna Street it runs parallel and next to the old town Plaza (""before F. Martir Street was constructed the road that separates the old town Plaza and Calle Mangubat"") to Calle LapuLapu (now renamed BM Dimataga Street) . named after Datu Mangubat the chieftain of Mactan during the Spanish Reconquista of the island. It

"España Boulevard"
España Boulevard España Boulevard is an 8-lane major thoroughfare in Metro Manila named after the Spanish name of Spain, the Philippines' colonial power for 333 years. True to its name, several Spanish names abound the street. It starts at the Welcome Rotonda at the boundary of Quezon City and Manila and ends with a Y-intersection with Lerma and Nicanor Reyes Street in Manila. Before becoming what it is today, the boulevard was a part of the Hacienda de Sulucan, one of the ten barrios which formed Sampaloc. In 1694, the hacienda was donated to the sisters of the Monasterio de

"Taft Avenue"
Taft Avenue Taft Avenue (; ) is a major road thoroughfare in Metro Manila. It crosses through three major cities of the capital region: Manila, Pasay and Parañaque. The road was named after the former Governor-General of the Philippines and U.S President, William Howard Taft. The Philippines was a former commonwealth territory of the United States in the first half of the twentieth century. Construction of this avenue, originally called ""Calle Rizal"", was completed in 1899, with Padre Burgos Street (C-1) as its northern terminus and Calle Herran (now Pedro Gil Street) as its southern terminus. Engineers Manny Aquino and

"Mendiola Street"
Mendiola Street Mendiola Street (simply known as ""Mendiola"") is a short thoroughfare in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines. The street is named after Enrique Mendiola, an educator, textbook author and member of the first Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines. As a street close to Malacañang Palace, the President of the Philippines' official residence, it has been the site of numerous and sometimes bloody demonstrations. On the north end of the street is the Chino Roces Bridge, named in honor of Chino Roces, a well-known figure during the Philippines' Martial Law years. (An illuminated street sign above the

"Prehistory of Pampanga"
As early as 300 BC, people from Indonesia started their adventure from the Malay Peninsula and West Sumatra. People of Malay from the south sailed in groups using boats called ""barangays"". Around the mid 1300s, Prinsipe Balagtas from the Kingdom of Madjapahit in Indonesia led a group of Kapampangans to what is well known as Central Luzon. This group of people belonged to the brown race, characterized by black to dark brown hair, brownish eyes, medium height, and almost hairless bodies. They settled in scattered communities called barangays, ruled by chieftains called datus, and resided along Rio Grande de la

Binondo
296 Binondo was mentioned several times in the novels of Dr. José Rizal, for example, in ""Noli Me Tangere"" and ""El Filibusterismo"". Binondo Binondo is a district in Manila and is referred to as the city's Chinatown and is the world's oldest Chinatown. Its influence extends beyond to the places of Quiapo, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas. It is the oldest Chinatown in the world, established in 1594 by the Spaniards as a settlement near Intramuros but across the Pasig River for Catholic Chinese, it was positioned so that colonial rulers could keep a close eye on their migrant subjects. It

Binondo
Binondo Binondo is a district in Manila and is referred to as the city's Chinatown and is the world's oldest Chinatown. Its influence extends beyond to the places of Quiapo, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas. It is the oldest Chinatown in the world, established in 1594 by the Spaniards as a settlement near Intramuros but across the Pasig River for Catholic Chinese, it was positioned so that colonial rulers could keep a close eye on their migrant subjects. It was already a hub of Chinese commerce even before the Spanish colonial period. Binondo is the center of commerce and trade of

Tibia
Tibia The tibia (plural tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane or centre-line. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of the leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a

Tibia
they have to support the rest of the body. The ossification or formation of the bone starts from three centers; one in the shaft and one in each extremity. The tibia is categorized as a long bone and is as such composed of a diaphysis and two epiphyses. The diaphysis is the midsection of the tibia, also known as the shaft or body. While the epiphyses are the two rounded extremities of the bone; an upper (also known as superior or proximal) closest to the thigh and a lower (also known as inferior or distal) closest to the foot. The

Tibia
lateral side of the tibia. The part of the ankle joint known as the talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus. The articulation between the tibia and the talus bears more weight than between the smaller fibula and the talus. The tibia is ossified from three centers; a primary center for the diaphysis (shaft) and a secondary center for each epiphysis (extremity). Ossification begins in the center of the body, about the seventh week of fetal life, and gradually

Tibia
knee joint. This is the weightbearing part of the knee joint. The tibiofibular joints are the articulations between the tibia and fibula which allows very little movement. The proximal tibiofibular joint is a small plane joint. The joint is formed between the undersurface of the lateral tibial condyle and the head of fibula. The joint capsule is reinforced by anterior and posterior ligament of the head of the fibula. The distal tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the

Tibia
syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute ""tibia"". It is the second largest bone in the human body next to the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body. In human anatomy, the tibia is the second largest bone next to the femur. As in other vertebrates the tibia is one of two bones in the lower leg, the other being the fibula, and is a component of the knee and ankle joints. The leg bones (femur, tibia and fibula) are the strongest long bones as

Tibia
tibia is most contracted in the lower third and the distal extremity is smaller than the proximal. The proximal or upper extremity of the tibia is expanded in the transverse plane with a medial and lateral condyle, which are both flattened in the horizontal plane. The medial condyle is the larger of the two and is better supported over the shaft. The upper surfaces of the condyles articulate with the femur to form the tibiofemoral joint, the weightbearing part of the kneejoint. The medial and lateral condyle are separated by the intercondylar area, where the cruciate ligaments and the menisci

Tibia
tuberosity of the tibia, a crest to which the patellar ligament attaches in mammals, is instead the point for the tendon of the quadriceps muscle in reptiles, birds, and amphibians, which have no patella. Tibia The tibia (plural tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg

Tibia
they afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of the lateral malleolus. The medial surface -- see medial malleolus for details. Ankle fractures of the tibia have several classification systems based on location or mechanism: The tibia is supplied with blood from two sources: A nutrient artery, as the main source, and periosteal vessels derived from the anterior tibial artery. The tibia is a part of four joints; the knee, ankle, superior and inferior tibiofibular joint. In the knee the tibia forms one of the two articulations with the femur, often referred to as the ""tibiofemoral components"" of the

Femur
Femur The femur (, pl. ""femurs"" or ""femora"" ) or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming the knee joint. By most measures the femur is the strongest bone in the body. The femur is also the longest bone in the human body. The femur is the only bone in the upper leg. The two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate

Tibia
central portions of these facets articulate with the condyles of the femur, while their peripheral portions support the menisci of the knee joint, which here intervene between the two bones. Between the articular facets in the intercondylar area, but nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the intercondyloid eminence (""spine of tibia""), surmounted on either side by a prominent tubercle, on to the sides of which the articular facets are prolonged; in front of and behind the intercondyloid eminence are rough depressions for the attachment of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the menisci. The

"Bat Masterson (TV series)"
jobs. Bat Masterson (TV series) Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. ""Bat"" is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew. The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble. Masterson was also portrayed as a

Bat Masterson (TV series) Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. ""Bat"" is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew. The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble. Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies'

man who traveled the West looking for women and adventure. The black derby, fancy decorative vest, black jacket, and elegant pearl-tipped cane were his trademarks. Miniaturized versions were marketed to children as tie-in products during the run of the show. ""Bat Masterson"" guest stars included the character actor Robert F. Simon, who appeared as Harrison Whitney in the episode ""Death by Decree"", and Richard Eastham, who appeared in the 1961 episode ""A Lesson in Violence"". Stephanie Powers appeared in 1961 episode named ""Dead Man's Claim"" (using the name Taffy Paul) as Ann, the daughter of the boarding house owner. George

as ""Beaver"" Cleaver's second-grade teacher ""Miss Canfield"" in ""Leave It to Beaver"" and as gambler ""Samantha Crawford"" in ""Maverick"" opposite James Garner and Jack Kelly as well as in a single episode of ""Cheyenne"", played the role of Miss Lynn Harrison in the 2-part episode ""The Conspiracy"" (1959). Kevin Hagen appeared as Ace Williams in ""The Fourth Man"" (1961). Lon Chaney, Jr. played the role of Rance Fletcher in ""Bat Trap"" (1961). The series was loosely based on Richard O'Connor's 1957 biography of Masterson. This was highlighted by the book's front cover being shown at the end of the closing

Macready appeared as Clyde Richards in the 1961 episode ""Tempest at Tioga Pass"". Quintin Sondergaard appeared in various roles on the series five times between 1958 and 1961. Dan Sheridan was cast as Joe Rankin in the 1959 episode ""Election Day"". Yvonne Lime Fedderson was cast as Lola White in the 1960 episode ""The Snare"". Ron Hayes appeared four times in the role of Wyatt Earp. Gary Vinson appeared as Billy Thompson in the 1958 episode ""A Noose Fits Anybody"". Tyler McVey appeared from 1958 to 1961 in different roles in three episodes (""Dynamite Blows Two Ways"", ""Incident at Fort

detective series set in modern-day Los Angeles, as well as ""The Name of the Game"". The series consisted of three seasons and 107 episodes: Barry recreated the role of Bat Masterson in an episode of the television series ""Guns of Paradise"" (1990), alongside Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp. In """" (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie. TGG Direct released seasons the first and second seasons on DVD in Region 1 on January 29, 2013. The third and final season was released on November

5, 2013. Due to licensing issues, the episode ""Terror on the Trinity"" is not included. Dell Comics issued nine issues of a quarterly ""Bat Masterson"" comic book between Aug./Oct. 1959 and Nov. 1961/Jan. 1962 with the initial issue a Four Color tryout (#1013). Columbia Features syndicated a comic strip from September 7, 1959 to April 1960 written by Ed Herron and drawn by Howard Nostrand (Sept. 1959–Dec. 1959) and Bob Powell (Dec. 1959–April 1960). Notably Nostrand was assisted (on backgrounds) by Neal Adams who had just graduated from the School of Industrial Arts; it was among his first professional art

"Mason Alan Dinehart"
Mason Alan Dinehart Mason Alan Dinehart (born April 30, 1936), also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III, Alan Dinehart III, or Mase Dinehart, is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series ""The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp"", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp. The Hollywood-born Dinehart was the only son of the actor Alan Dinehart and Dinehart's second wife, actress and journalist Mozelle Britton. In 1936, Alan Dinehart legally changed his

works at times in any one of twenty-two states. Mason Alan Dinehart Mason Alan Dinehart (born April 30, 1936), also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III, Alan Dinehart III, or Mase Dinehart, is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series ""The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp"", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp. The Hollywood-born Dinehart was the only son of the actor Alan Dinehart and Dinehart's second wife, actress and journalist

credits with an onscreen notation ""based on"". From 1955 to 1959, Mason Alan Dinehart played a 20-something Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of the ABC/Desilu western series, ""The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp"", starring Hugh O'Brian as the frontier peace officer Wyatt Earp. Dinehart left the series, and Barry was hence cast as a 40-something Masterson in a separate series on a different network. In the year 1958-1959 both actors were featured in the role of Masterson. The theme song was sung by Bill Lee, a member of the Mellomen. Barry went on to star in ""Burke's Law"", a

"Candy (Mandy Moore song)"
which is infused with elements of rock and blues instead of being straight bubblegum pop. Candy (Mandy Moore song) ""Candy"" is a song by American pop singer Mandy Moore. It served as Moore's debut single and second track on her 1999 debut studio album, ""So Real."" Written and composed by Denise Rich, Dave Katz, Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones, Tony Battaglia, Shaun Fisher, ""Candy"" was released on August 17, 1999, by Epic Records. The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s. Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented

Candy (Mandy Moore song) ""Candy"" is a song by American pop singer Mandy Moore. It served as Moore's debut single and second track on her 1999 debut studio album, ""So Real."" Written and composed by Denise Rich, Dave Katz, Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones, Tony Battaglia, Shaun Fisher, ""Candy"" was released on August 17, 1999, by Epic Records. The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s. Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music, which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the world, including young female

"Sugar (Flo Rida song)"
and ""Elevator"" (20 weeks). It has so far peaked at number 20 in Australia. Sugar (Flo Rida song) ""Sugar"" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida, featuring American pop/dance singer Wynter Gordon. The song's chorus samples the song ""Blue (Da Ba Dee)"" by Italian electronic music group Eiffel 65. The song was written by Flo Rida, The Jackie Boyz, Jeffrey Jey, Maurizio Lobina, and Massimo Gabutti, and was produced by DJ Montay for Flo Rida's second album, ""R.O.O.T.S."". The song was released as the album's third official single in March 2009 as a digital download. The single became the

"Candy Rain (song)"
1975 album ""Adventures in Paradise"". Candy Rain (song) ""Candy Rain"" is the title of a number-one R&B hit single by Soul for Real, released in 1994 on Uptown Records. The song was written by Ali Shaheed Muhammad, Hamish Stuart, Dwight Myers, Malik Taylor, Owen McIntyre, Samuel Barnes, Jean-Claude Olivier, and Terri Robinson, and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the US R&B chart and peaked at No. 2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for four weeks behind Madonna's ballad ""Take a Bow"". The song also reached No. 1 on Billboard's Top 40/Rhythm-Crossover airplay chart and was a moderate

"Baby Girl (Sugarland song)"
as of April 2013. As listed in liner notes. Baby Girl (Sugarland song) ""Baby Girl"" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music group Sugarland. Originally released in 2003 as part of ""Premium Quality Tunes"", it was re-released in July 2004 as the first single from the album ""Twice the Speed of Life"". The single reached a peak position of number 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in April 2005. The song spent a total of 46 weeks on the country music charts; setting a new record for the

"Candy (Robbie Williams song)"
combusts in order to torch some low flying pigeons before merging with Candice. Candy (Robbie Williams song) ""Candy"" is a song by English pop singer, Robbie Williams, released as the lead single from his ninth studio album ""Take the Crown"", on 28 October 2012. It was written by Williams and Gary Barlow, sampling a riff from ""Eurodans"" by Terje Olsen. The song was Williams's first UK No.1 Single since Radio in 2004, and was deliberately produced in the style of other 2012 chart-toppers in a calculated attempt to re-establish his presence in the UK charts. The track premiered on BBC

Candy Rain (song) ""Candy Rain"" is the title of a number-one R&B hit single by Soul for Real, released in 1994 on Uptown Records. The song was written by Ali Shaheed Muhammad, Hamish Stuart, Dwight Myers, Malik Taylor, Owen McIntyre, Samuel Barnes, Jean-Claude Olivier, and Terri Robinson, and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the US R&B chart and peaked at No. 2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for four weeks behind Madonna's ballad ""Take a Bow"". The song also reached No. 1 on Billboard's Top 40/Rhythm-Crossover airplay chart and was a moderate success on mainstream Top 40

Sugar (Flo Rida song) ""Sugar"" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida, featuring American pop/dance singer Wynter Gordon. The song's chorus samples the song ""Blue (Da Ba Dee)"" by Italian electronic music group Eiffel 65. The song was written by Flo Rida, The Jackie Boyz, Jeffrey Jey, Maurizio Lobina, and Massimo Gabutti, and was produced by DJ Montay for Flo Rida's second album, ""R.O.O.T.S."". The song was released as the album's third official single in March 2009 as a digital download. The single became the second top 10 single from ""R.O.O.T.S."", debuting at #25, and peaking at #5 on

Sugarless
Sugarless Sugarless is the first single from Swami's 2009 Greatest Hits compilation ""53431"". Initially released as a free download on the popular Asian entertainment website DesiHits.com, the track quickly gained steam in the UK and North America, garnering critical acclaim from popular Asian media outlets such as the BBC Asian Network. Written by Diamond Duggal aka DJ Swami, S-Endz and Liana McCarthy, the song is an electronic pop song with driving percussion and a combination of male vocals sung by Sups and rapped by S-Endz and a female chorus sung by Liana. The tracks popularity continued throughout 2009, and it

"Sugar Town"
Sugar Town ""Sugar Town"" is a song written by songwriter-producer Lee Hazlewood and first recorded by American singer Nancy Sinatra in 1966. As a single released under the Reprise label, it peaked at number five on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in December 1966, while reaching number one on the Easy Listening chart in January 1967. It became a gold record. The song was included on Nancy Sinatra's LP, ""Sugar"", also released in 1966, and was featured in her 1967 TV special ""Movin' with Nancy"", released on home video in 2000. Like other songs Hazlewood wrote, ""Sugar Town"" was deliberately

"Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. A total of ten snowboarding events were scheduled to take place between 10 and 24 February 2018. The parallel slalom event, which made its debut four years earlier at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, was dropped from the games in 2018 in favour of a new big air event. A total of 258 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games (142 men and 116 women). Each National Olympic Committee was permitted to

"Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held from 12 to 24 February at Yongpyong Alpine Centre (slalom and giant slalom) at the Alpensia Sports Park in PyeongChang and at the Jeongseon Alpine Centre (speed events) in Jeongseon, South Korea. In June 2015, the International Olympic Committee approved the addition of a mixed team event, bringing the total of medal events in alpine skiing to eleven. It was the last event on the schedule. A maximum of 320 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games. A maximum of

"Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 9 and 23 February 2018. A total of ten freestyle skiing events were held. A maximum of 282 quota spots were available to athletes at the games. A maximum of 30 athletes could be entered by a National Olympic Committee, with a maximum of 16 men or 16 women. Each event had a specific quota amount allocated to it. The following was the competition schedule for all

"Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's moguls"
Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's moguls The men's moguls event in freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Bogwang Phoenix Park, Pyeongchang, South Korea. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tricia Smith, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Dean Gosper, FIS council member. The top 30 athletes in the Olympic quota allocation list qualified, with a maximum of four athletes per National Olympic Committee (NOC) allowed. All athletes qualifying must also have placed in the top 30 of a FIS World

"Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification"
(downhill, super G, and super combined). Every NOC will be assigned one male and one female quota spot meeting the B standard. The host nation (South Korea) is awarded an additional quota per gender, granted all athletes meet the standard above. Every NOC with at least one male and/or female in the top 30 of any event will be allocated one additional male and/or female quota in addition to the basic quota. If an athlete is ranked in the top 30 in more than one event a second additional quota for that sex will be given or if two different

ten events. Sessions that included the event finals are shown in bold. A total of 268 athletes from 27 nations (including the IOC's designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia) were scheduled to participate (the numbers of athletes are shown in parentheses). Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 9 and 23 February 2018. A total of ten freestyle skiing events were held. A maximum of 282 quota spots were available to athletes at the

twenty-two athletes could be entered by a National Olympic Committee, with a maximum of fourteen men or fourteen women. A total of sixteen countries also qualified for the inaugural team event. There were two qualification standards for the games: an A standard and a B standard. A total of 322 athletes from 80 nations (including the IOC's designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia) were scheduled to participate (the numbers of athletes are shown in parentheses). Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held from 12 to 24 February at Yongpyong Alpine Centre

"Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's downhill"
by having athletes ranked in the top 30 of the 2017–18 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup (two per gender maximum, overall across all events). After the distribution of B standard quotas (to nations competing only in the slalom and giant slalom events), the remaining quotas were distributed using the Olympic FIS Points list, with each athlete only counting once for qualification purposes. A country could only enter a maximum of four athletes for the event. The race was started at 11:00, local time (UTC+9). Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's downhill The men's downhill competition of the

Cup event or the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2017 during the qualification period (July 1, 2016 to January 21, 2018) and also have a minimum of 80 FIS points to compete. If the host country, South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics did not qualify, their chosen athlete would displace the last qualified athlete, granted all qualification criterion was met. In the first qualifying round, the ten best athletes directly qualified for the final. Others competed in the second qualification round. The finals were held on 12 February 2018. Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics –

"Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle"
World Championships 2017 during the qualification period (July 1, 2016 to January 21, 2018) and also have a minimum of 50 FIS points to compete. If the host country, South Korea, did not qualify, their chosen athlete would displace the last qualified athlete, granted all qualification criterion was met. The final was started at 11:04. Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle The men's slopestyle competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 10 and 11 February 2018 at the Bogwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Due to a broken shoulder caused by a crash in

"Robert Adamson (actor)"
Robert Adamson (actor) Robert Gillespie Adamson IV (born July 11, 1985) is an American actor. He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series ""Hollywood Heights"" and Charles Antoni on ""Lincoln Heights"". He starred as Noah Newman on ""The Young and the Restless"" from 2012-2018. Adamson attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts until 2005. Adamson and then-fiancée Linsey Godfrey welcomed daughter Aleda Seren, on June 12, 2014. He and Godfrey made their last public appearance together on April 26, 2015 at the Daytime Emmy Awards. On August 3, 2015, after months of speculation, a representative for

Protection Program"" alongside Disney stars Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez. He also guest-starred on Disney's ""Sonny With a Chance"". On August 24, 2012, Adamson replaced his former ""Princess Protection Program"" co-star Kevin G. Schmidt as Noah Newman on the CBS Daytime soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"". He taped his first scenes on September 4, for a first appearance on October 1. Robert Adamson (actor) Robert Gillespie Adamson IV (born July 11, 1985) is an American actor. He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series ""Hollywood Heights"" and Charles Antoni on ""Lincoln Heights"". He starred

"Noah Newman"
Noah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being aged, appearing from 2008 to September 2010 when the role was recast with Luke Kleintank before being let go in April 2011 with Schmidt being rehired. Schmidt was again let go in 2012, replaced by Robert

Adamson, who maintained the role until his departure in 2018. The role was first played as an infant by twins Samantha and Zachary Elkins in March 1997 before being replaced with Lauren Summer Harvey that same year. The character was then portrayed by Hunter Preisendorfer from the fall of 1997 to 1998 and again from 1999 to November 22, 2000. Other actors who've played the role include C.J. Hunter from 1998 to 1999, Nicholas Graziano in 1999, and Blake Michael Bryan from December 20, 2000 to June 6, 2001. McKay Giller took over the role on July 4, 2001, portraying

first appeared on September 21, 2010. However, the recast was very brief and Kleintank only appeared in seven episodes; his last air date was April 8, 2011. Schmidt had previously alluded to a possible return on Facebook and returned to the role on April 14, on a recurring status. Kleintank later revealed that he chose to vacate the role to focus on other projects. In August 2012, Schmidt informed his followers on Twitter that he had been let go and revealed that the role would be recast. Several days after Schmidt's announcement, it was announced that Robert Adamson had been

Noah through December 7, 2004. Blake Woodruff played the role briefly from December 24, 2004 to April 27, 2005, followed by Chase Ellison from May 11 to September 20, 2005, when the role was recast with final child actor Hunter Allan from September 28, 2005 to June 9, 2008. The character of Noah was then rapidly aged, and Kevin Schmidt was cast in the role as a teenager, making his debut on August 13, 2008. Just months later, Schmidt acquired other roles and speculation arose that the role would be recast, however, Schmidt ended up staying with the soap. In

placed on contract and would join the cast as Noah. He made his debut on October 1, 2012. In March 2016, it was revealed that Adamson was placed off contract and put on recurring status. In February 2018, Soap Central announced Adamson's exit from the role of Noah. He last appeared on February 16, 2018. In October 2018, it was reported that Adamson would briefly make an appearance as Noah for the wedding of his parents. Adamson is scheduled to air October 4. Most of Noah's storylines as a teenager and young adult revolve around his reactions to his parents'

of 2012."" Adamson was also listed as the Best Male Newcomer of 2012 by ""On-Air On-Soaps""; ""Noah’s come and Noah’s go, we think this one will stick! Handsome, charming and he can act"" said Michael Fairman. Noah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being

"Dylan Fergus"
Dylan Fergus Dylan John Fergus (born January 4, 1980 in San Francisco, California), is an American actor, producer and director. Fergus is currently a producer at Casual Films. He is best known for his role as Noah Bennett on the daytime soap opera ""Passions"". Prior to ""Passions"", he briefly portrayed the role of Tim Dillon on ""All My Children"" in 2002. He also starred in 2004's ""Hellbent"", the first gay slasher horror film. Fergus studied acting at Carnegie Mellon School Of Drama, graduating in 2002 and filmmaking at CalArts School of Film/Video. He graduated from Monta Vista High School in

"Thomas Mills Wood"
Thomas Mills Wood Thomas Mills Wood (born April 19, 1963) is an American film and television actor. He is usually credited as Tom Wood. He is known for his portrayal of police characters, especially Deputy Marshal Noah Newman in the 1993 film ""The Fugitive"" and its spinoff, the 1998 film ""U.S. Marshals"". Wood was born in Long Beach, California, the son of Donna Wood, a finance professional, and Thomas Mills Wood, Sr., a variety performer and accountant. The recipient of a Disney Foundation Fellowship, Wood graduated from Carnegie Mellon University with a degree in drama and music. Beginning in 1988,

"Super Bowl"
conference champions to determine the NFL's league champion. Currently, the National Football Conference leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles, with six. The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances, with ten. Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings, which is the record for the most rings won by a single player. The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered by some as an unofficial American national holiday, is called ""Super Bowl Sunday"". It

"History of the National Football League championship"
NFL in and every AFL championship game and record is included in NFL record books. The old NFL Championship Game became the NFC Championship Game, while the old AFL Championship Game became the AFC Championship Game. The NFL lists the old AFL/NFL championship games with ""new"" AFC/NFC championship games in its record books. The Green Bay Packers have won the most championships with 13 total (9 NFL championships pre-merger, four (4) Super Bowl championships). The Packers are also the only team to win three consecutive championships, having done so twice (1929–1931, 1965–1967). The Chicago Bears have won the second most

"2017 NFL season"
remarks, by either kneeling or locking arms during the playing of the national anthem. The Pittsburgh Steelers (with the exception of offensive tackle and former Army Ranger Alejandro Villanueva), Tennessee Titans and Seattle Seahawks chose to not go out on field at all during the anthem. On December 17, 2017, Jerry Richardson, owner of the Carolina Panthers, announced he was putting the team up for sale. Richardson had previously indicated the team would be put up for sale after his death (since his only living son left the team in 2009), but an exposé in ""Sports Illustrated"" accused Richardson of

"NFL playoffs"
the end of the second overtime, there would be a kickoff to start a third overtime period. Although a contest could theoretically last indefinitely, or last multiple overtime periods like several National Hockey League postseason games, no NFL playoff game has ever gone past two overtime periods. The longest NFL game played to date is 82 minutes, 40 seconds: Miami Dolphins kicker Garo Yepremian made the winning 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime to defeat the Kansas City Chiefs, 27–24, in the 1971–72 NFL playoffs on December 25, 1971. The NFL's method for determining its champions has

"NFL Pro Bowl records"
L.A. Rams, 1986; David Fulcher, Cincinnati, 1990; Brian Dawkins, Philadelphia, 2000; Rod Woodson, Oakland, 2003; Ed Reed, Baltimore, 2007; Antonio Cromartie, San Diego, 2008; Eric Weddle, San Diego, 2012. Touchdown Returns, Career -- 2, Ty Law, New England 1999, 2002-04, N.Y. Jets, 2006; Derrick Brooks, Tampa Bay, 1998-2001, 2003, 2006. Touchdown Return, Game -- 1, by 18 players. Longest Return -- 87 yards, Deion Sanders, Dallas, 1999. Most Points -- 62, NFC, 2013. Fewest Points -- 3, AFC, 1984, 1989, 1994. Most Points, Both Teams -- 107, NFC 55, AFC 52, 2004. Fewest Points, Both Teams -- 16, AFC 10,

"American Football League"
history. With the win, the AFL finally achieved parity with the NFL and legitimized the merger of the two leagues. That notion was reinforced one year later in Super Bowl IV, when the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs upset the NFL champion Minnesota Vikings, 23–7, in the last championship game to be played between the two leagues. The Vikings, favored by 12½ points, were held to just 67 rushing yards. The last game in AFL history was the AFL All-Star Game, held in Houston's Astrodome on January 17, 1970. The Western All-Stars, led by Chargers quarterback John Hadl, defeated the

"Super Bowl XXXII"
XIII) and the Washington Redskins (won Super Bowl XVII, lost Super Bowl XVIII), and would be later joined by the Seattle Seahawks in 2015 (won Super Bowl XLVIII, lost Super Bowl XLIX) and the New England Patriots in 2018 (won Super Bowl LI, lost Super Bowl LII). Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXII Play Finder Den, Super Bowl XXXII Play Finder GB Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted One new record was set and several were tied in Super Bowl XXXII, according to the official NFL.com boxscore, the 2016 NFL Record & Fact Book and the ProFootball

"AFL–NFL merger"
Jets, Oakland Raiders, and San Diego Chargers) to form the American Football Conference (AFC). The other thirteen NFL teams (Atlanta Falcons, Chicago Bears, Dallas Cowboys, Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, Los Angeles Rams, Minnesota Vikings, New Orleans Saints, New York Giants, Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Cardinals, San Francisco 49ers and Washington Redskins) became part of the National Football Conference (NFC). Since then, the Super Bowl has featured the champions of the AFC and NFC. Both are determined each season by the league's playoff tournament. Although the AFC teams quickly decided on a divisional alignment, the 13 NFC owners had trouble

"Perfect season"
winning streak. Exhibition games are generally not counted toward standings, for or against. For example, the 1972 Miami Dolphins (below) lost three of their preseason (""exhibition"" games in 1972 NFL vernacular) games but are considered to have had a perfect season. Since the National Football League began in 1920, only one team has played a complete perfect season (both regular season and playoffs): the 1972 Miami Dolphins, who won all fourteen of their regular season games and three postseason games, including Super Bowl VII, to finish the season 17–0–0. The Dolphins briefly extended their winning streak before losing to the

as Super Bowls I and II. The first two games were convincingly won by the NFL's Packers, the last two by the AFL's New York Jets and Kansas City Chiefs, leaving the leagues even at 2-2 in ""Championship"" competition when they subsequently merged. All participants in those four AFL-NFL championship games were either AFL champions or NFL champions in the record books, no matter the outcome of the Super Bowl. Three of the four league champions who lost one of the first four Super Bowls would eventually win at least one. The exception is the Minnesota Vikings which went to

under article 1 what is the minimum age required to serve in the house of representatives

"United States House of Representatives"
by the American Political Science Association, about 40 seats, less than 10% of the House membership, are chosen through a genuinely contested electoral process, given partisan gerrymandering. Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution sets three qualifications for representatives. Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent. Members are not required to live in the districts they represent, but they traditionally do. The age and citizenship qualifications for

provision of Clause One that Representatives shall be elected ""by the People"" to mean that, in those states with more than one member of the House of Representatives, each congressional election district within the state must have nearly identical populations. The Constitution provides three requirements for Representatives: A Representative must be at least 25 years old, must be an inhabitant of the state in which he or she is elected, and must have been a citizen of the United States for the previous seven years. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or

"United States Constitution"
United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."" The article establishes the manner of election and the qualifications of members of each body. Representatives must be at least 25 years old, be a citizen of the United States for seven years, and live in the state they represent. Senators must be at least 30 years old, be a citizen for nine years, and live in the state they represent. The Supreme Court has sometimes broadly interpreted the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause in Article One to allow Congress to enact legislation that is

the seat, as in the case of a vacancy in the House. A Senator must be at least 30 years of age, must have been a citizen of the United States for at least nine years before being elected, and must reside in the State they will represent at the time of the election. The Supreme Court has interpreted the Qualifications Clause as an exclusive list of qualifications that cannot be supplemented by a House of Congress exercising its authority to ""Judge... the... Qualifications of its own Members,"" or by a state in its exercise of its authority to prescribe

representatives are less than those for senators. The constitutional requirements of Article I, Section 2 for election to Congress are the maximum requirements that can be imposed on a candidate. Therefore, Article I, Section 5, which permits each House to be the judge of the qualifications of its own members does not permit either House to establish additional qualifications. Likewise a State could not establish additional qualifications. Disqualification: under the Fourteenth Amendment, a federal or state officer who takes the requisite oath to support the Constitution, but later engages in rebellion or aids the enemies of the United States, is

citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex; the Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax; and the Twenty-sixth Amendment prohibits the states and the federal government from using age as a reason for denying the right to vote to U.S. citizens who are at least eighteen years old. Clause 2 fixes an annual date upon which Congress must meet. By doing so, the Constitution empowers Congress to meet, whether or not the President

the basis of apportioning the seats in the House of Representatives and the tax liability among the states. To facilitate this, the Constitution mandates that a census be conducted every ten years to determine the population of each state and of the nation as a whole and establishes a rule for who shall be counted or excluded from the count. As the new form of government would become operational prior to the completion of a national census, the Constitution also provides for a temporary apportionment of seats. Originally, the population of each state and of the nation as a whole

"Age of candidacy"
the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative. Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18). In Venezuela, a person must be at least 30 to be President or Vice President, 21 to be a deputy for the National Assembly and 25 to be the Governor of a state. Age of candidacy Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an

(1970), the Supreme Court held that the Qualifications clause did not prevent Congress from overriding state-imposed minimum age restrictions for voters in Congressional elections. Since provides that Members of the House of Representatives are apportioned state-by-state and that each state is guaranteed at least one Representative, exact population equality between all districts is not guaranteed and, in fact, is currently impossible, because while the size of the House of Representatives is fixed at 435, several states had less than 1/435 of the national population at the time of the last reapportionment in 2010. However, the Supreme Court has interpreted the

male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State."" The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Nineteenth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax. The Twenty-sixth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age. Moreover, since the Supreme Court has recognized voting as a fundamental right, the Equal Protection Clause

"Terry Greer"
Terry Greer Terry Greer (born September 27, 1957) is a former professional American and Canadian football player who played wide receiver with the Canadian Football League Toronto Argonauts and the NFL Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers. He held the CFL record for most catches in a season; he is a member of the Argonauts all-time roster and his #10 has been honored by the team. Terry Greer is known as the first to gain 2,000 yards in a 16-game season with the Argonauts. he had played then with marvelous players such as Jerry Rice and Joe Montana when playing

"Jerry Rice"
Jerry Rice Jerry Lee Rice (born October 13, 1962) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League, primarily with the San Francisco 49ers. He is widely considered to be the greatest wide receiver in NFL history, and often called the greatest NFL player of all time. Rice is the all-time leader in most major statistical categories for wide receivers, including receptions, touchdown receptions, and receiving yards, once being the leader for total yards and touchdowns in a season. He has scored more points than any other non-kicker in NFL history with 1,256. Rice was

"Harry Newsome"
have three children: Josh, Laurin, and Cody. After retirement, Newsome founded his own landscaping company. Harry Newsome Harry Newsome (born January 25, 1963 in Cheraw, South Carolina) is a former professional American football player who played punter for nine seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Minnesota Vikings. Harry holds the record for the longest punt in Three Rivers Stadium of 84 yards. He shares with Herman Weaver the NFL record for most of his own punts blocked in a career with 14. In 1988, he set the NFL record for most of his own punts blocked in a season with

with him. Terry Greer Terry Greer (born September 27, 1957) is a former professional American and Canadian football player who played wide receiver with the Canadian Football League Toronto Argonauts and the NFL Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers. He held the CFL record for most catches in a season; he is a member of the Argonauts all-time roster and his #10 has been honored by the team. Terry Greer is known as the first to gain 2,000 yards in a 16-game season with the Argonauts. he had played then with marvelous players such as Jerry Rice and Joe Montana

Harry Newsome Harry Newsome (born January 25, 1963 in Cheraw, South Carolina) is a former professional American football player who played punter for nine seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Minnesota Vikings. Harry holds the record for the longest punt in Three Rivers Stadium of 84 yards. He shares with Herman Weaver the NFL record for most of his own punts blocked in a career with 14. In 1988, he set the NFL record for most of his own punts blocked in a season with 6. Today, Newsome lives in his hometown, Cheraw, SC with his wife, Beth. Together, they

"Randy Moss"
World Truck Series. In July 2008, Moss announced that he had bought a 50 percent share in Morgan-Dollar Motorsports, with the team's No. 46 entry switching to No. 81. However, the team was reportedly shut down in 2012, according to Truck Series reporter Ray Dunlap. Randy Moss Randy Gene Moss (born February 13, 1977) is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He holds the NFL single-season touchdown reception record (23 in 2007), the NFL single-season touchdown reception record for a rookie (17 in 1998), and is second on the NFL

"Lamar Thomas"
Lamar Thomas Lamar Nathaniel Thomas (born February 12, 1970 in Ocala, Florida) is a former NFL player and former color commentator. Thomas played college football and college basketball and ran track at the University of Miami before being drafted in the third round of the 1993 NFL Draft by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He is a University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame inductee, class of 2014 With the Miami Hurricanes Thomas set a then-school record for most receptions in a career (later eclipsed by Reggie Wayne). He was the victim of ""The Strip"", George Teague's strip of the football

"Paul Krause"
recorded an interception in Super Bowl IV and a fumble recovery in Super Bowl IX. Krause was often referred to as the Vikings ""center fielder"" because of his success as an interscholastic baseball player and his ability to catch interceptions. He currently holds the all-time interception record in the NFL with 81, which he returned for 1,185 yards and three touchdowns. He set the record in 1979 against the Los Angeles Rams, in the second quarter of a 27-21 overtime loss with his 81st interception coming in the final quarter. The previous record of 79 was held by Emlen Tunnell,

"Marcus Allen"
Marcus Allen Marcus LeMarr Allen (born March 26, 1960) is a former American football running back and football analyst for CBS. As a professional, Allen ran for 12,243 yards and caught 587 passes for 5,412 yards during his career for both the Los Angeles Raiders and the Kansas City Chiefs from 1982 to 1997. He scored 145 touchdowns, including a then-league-record 123 rushing touchdowns, and was elected to six Pro Bowls over the course of his career. Allen was the first NFL player to gain more than 10,000 rushing yards and 5,000 receiving yards during his career. Allen is considered

"Terrell Owens"
Terrell Owens Terrell Eldorado Owens (; born December 7, 1973), popularly known by his initials, T.O., is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. A six-time Pro Bowl selection and five-time first-team All-Pro, Owens holds or shares several NFL records. He ranks third in career receiving yards at 15,934 and third in receiving touchdowns at 153. After playing college football and basketball at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Owens was selected in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers. Owens was a member

"Bloons Tower Defense"
PlayStation 4 on May 9th, 2017 and Nintendo Switch on June 13th, 2018, all of which cost $14.99 USD. ""Bloons TD 6"" is the newest game in the Bloons series. After being announced on March 28, 2017 on PRLog, it was released for the iOS App Store and the Google Play Store on June 14, 2018. A Steam version was released on December 17, 2018. Unlike earlier games, ""Bloons TD 6"" does not have a counterpart on the Ninja Kiwi website. New features in ""Bloons TD 6"" include new 3D graphics, obstacles that block a monkey's sight, a new monkey

TowerFall
fight boss battles together and can resuscitate each other. It also adds a power-up that makes arrows explode by remote-detonation. The pack began as a set of new levels and became four sets, ten new characters, procedurally generated levels, and the aforementioned power-up, co-op, and boss battles. A PlayStation Vita version was released on December 15, 2015. An Xbox One version, including both ""Ascension"" and ""Dark World"", was released on January 18, 2018. A Nintendo Switch version was released on September 27, 2018, and includes Madeline and Badeline from the game ""Celeste"", which was also made by Matt Makes Games.

"Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege"
floors using breach charges and can ambush enemies by rappelling through windows. Powerful weapons like grenades and breach charges are valuable, as only limited numbers can be used in a round. At launch, the game featured 11 maps and 5 different gameplay modes spanning both PVE and PVP. With the downloadable content (DLC) released post-launch with an additional four maps from year one and three maps from year two – there are currently 19 playable maps with one more slated for release by December 2018. The gameplay modes featured include: Three years after the Rainbow Program's deactivation, there is a

"Tekken 7"
for female characters, fundoshi for male characters, and Vintage 1920's bathing suits was made available on August 31, 2017. The second major batch of DLC, adding Geese Howard as a playable character and the stage Howard Estate, was released on November 30, 2017. The third major batch of DLC, adding Noctis Lucis Caelum as a playable character and the stage Hammerhead, was released on March 20, 2018. These three batches can also be bought together with a season pass. A free DLC, Season 2, was released on September 6, 2018. It focused on balance changes, several modifications to the characters'

Following the summer 2016 launch of the third DLC, ""Skull Rain"", the size of the player base had a 40% increase, and the title had more than 10 million registered players. Two years after launch, the game remained as one of the top 40 best-selling retail games in the UK. The strong performance of ""Siege"", alongside with ""Tom Clancy's The Division"" (2016) and ""Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Wildlands"" (2017) boosted the total number of players of the ""Tom Clancy's"" franchise to 44 million in 2017. The post-launch success for ""Siege"" further solidified Ubisoft's belief in the model of ""game as

25, 2015, but they delayed its release to November 26 due to matchmaking issues. Players who purchased ""Siege"" for the Xbox One could download """" and its sequel, """" for free. To launch the game in Asian markets, Ubisoft announced plans to remove graphic imagery from all versions of the game via a patch. The plan was later withdrawn by the developer due to review bombing and negative fans feedback. The game had multiple versions for players to purchase. A season pass was announced on November 12, 2015. Players who bought this version of the game could gain early access

Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege is a tactical shooter video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on December 1, 2015. The game puts heavy emphasis on environmental destruction and cooperation between players. Each player assumes control of an attacker or a defender in different gameplay modes such as rescuing a hostage defusing a bomb, and taking control of a capture point. The title has no campaign but features a series of short missions that can be played solo. These missions

to operators offered in the DLCs and receive several weapon skins. The game was also released alongside its Collector's Edition, which included the game's season pass, a hat, a compass and bottle opener, a backpack, and a 120-page guide. A ""Starter Edition"" was released on PC in June 2016, featuring all content offered in the Standard Edition, and included two operators at start for use plus enough Rainbow 6 Credits to purchase up to two more of the player's choice while the rest has to be purchased through either Renown at an increased cost or additional Rainbow 6 Credits. The

Starter Edition was cheaper than the Standard Edition and was initially available for a limited time. In February 2017, the Starter Edition became permanently available via Uplay. According to Ubisoft, the game adopted a ""game as a service"" approach, as they would provide long-term support for the game and offer post-release content to keep players engaged. The management team initially doubted the idea but eventually decided to approve it. The title was supported with many updates upon launch, with the company introducing fixes to bugs and improvements on both matchmaking and general gameplay mechanics. They also introduced an auto-kick system,

"Valkyria Chronicles (video game)"
digitally for the Nintendo Switch on September 27, 2018 in Japan and October 16, 2018 in North America and Europe. ""Valkyria Chronicles"" has received very favorable reviews from numerous sources, including writers for IGN, RPGFan, G4TV's X-Play, and GameTrailers. Kevin VanOrd of GameSpot was impressed with the title's gameplay design, noting that it gave players a new sense of tactical freedom absent in other games of the same genre via the removal of certain staples such as a grid-based map. Some reviewers enjoyed the active and strategic nature of combat. According to Game Revolution's Chris Hudak, ""nail-gnawingly tense"" situations kept

"Great Wall of China"
time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan, and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames. King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty (""Qin Shi Huang"") in 221 BC. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the sections of the

"History of the Great Wall of China"
History of the Great Wall of China The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476) and Warring States periods (475–221) were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty (221–206) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia. The walls were built of rammed earth, constructed using forced labour, and by 212 ran from Gansu to the coast of southern Manchuria. Later dynasties adopted different policies towards northern frontier defense. The Han (202 – 220), the Northern Qi (550–574),

BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the

the Great Wall of Qi. The State of Wei built two walls, the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC, with the extant western wall found in Hancheng, Shaanxi. Even non-Chinese peoples built walls, such as the Di state of Zhongshan and the Yiqu Rong, whose walls were intended to defend against the State of Qin. Of these walls, those of the northern states Yan, Zhao, and Qin were connected by Qin Shi Huang when he united the Chinese states in 221 BC. The State of Yan, the easternmost of the three northern states, began

the ""Classic of Poetry"". The poem tells of a king, now identified as King Xuan (r. 827782) of the Western Zhou dynasty (1046771), who commanded General Nan Zhong () to build a wall in the northern regions to fend off the Xianyun. The Xianyun, whose base of power was in the Ordos region, were regarded as part of the charioteering Rong tribes, and their attacks aimed at the early Zhou capital region of Haojing were probably the reason for King Xuan's response. Nan Zhong's campaign was recorded as a great victory. However, only a few years later in 771 BC

of Qin completed its conquest over the other Warring States and united China under Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. These conquests, combined with the Legalist reforms started by Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, transformed China from a loose confederation of feudal states to an authoritarian empire. With the transformation, Qin became able to command a far greater assembly of labourers to be used in public works than the prior feudal kingdoms. Also, once unification was achieved, Qin found itself in possession of a large professional army with no more internal enemies to fight and thus

the Sui (589–618), and particularly the Ming (1369–1644) were among those that rebuilt, re-manned, and expanded the Walls, although they rarely followed Qin's routes. The Han extended the fortifications furthest to the west, the Qi built about of new walls, while the Sui mobilised over a million men in their wall-building efforts. Conversely, the Tang (618–907), the Song (960–1279), the Yuan (1271–1368), and the Qing (1644–1911) mostly did not build frontier walls, instead opting for other solutions to the Inner Asian threat like military campaigning and diplomacy. Although a useful deterrent against raids, at several points throughout its history the

another branch of the Rong people, the Quanrong, responded to a summons by the renegade Marquess of Shen by over-running the Zhou defences and laying waste to the capital. The cataclysmic event killed King Xuan's successor King You (795–771 ), forced the court to move the capital east to Chengzhou (, later known as Luoyang) a year later, and thus ushered in the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770–256). Most importantly, the fall of Western Zhou redistributed power to the states that had acknowledged Zhou's nominal rulership. The rule of the Eastern Zhou dynasty was marked by bloody interstate anarchy. With smaller

cavalry into his army reshaped Chinese warfare and gave Zhao an initial advantage over his opponents. He attacked the Xiongnu tribes of Linhu () and Loufan () to the north, then waged war on the state of Zhongshan until it was annexed in 296 . In the process, he constructed the northernmost fortified frontier deep in nomadic territory. The Zhao walls were dated in the 1960s to be from King Wuling's reign: a southern long wall in northern Henan encompassing the Yanmen Pass; a second line of barricades encircling the Ordos Loop, extending from Zhangjiakou in the east to the

into their territories. The Qin reformist Shang Yang forced the Wei out of their walled area west of the Yellow River in 340 , and King Huiwen of Qin (r.338–311) took 25 Yiqu forts in a northern offensive. When King Huiwen died, his widow the Queen Dowager Xuan acted as regent because the succeeding sons were deemed too young to govern. During the reign of King Zhaoxiang (r.306–251), the queen dowager apparently entered illicit relations with the Yiqu king and gave birth to two of his sons, but later tricked and killed the Yiqu king. Following that coup, the Qin

"López"
López López is a surname of Spanish origin. It was originally a patronymic, meaning ""Son of Lope"", ""Lope"" itself being a Spanish given name deriving from Latin ""lupus"", meaning ""wolf"". The surname is first attested in Old Castile in the heart of Spain, where the name originated in Visigothic times; however, the name is not of Germanic origin. Its Portuguese equivalent is ""Lopes"", its Italian equivalent is ""Lupo"", its French equivalent is ""Loup"" (or ""Leu""), its Romanian equivalent is ""Lupu"" or ""Lupescu"" and its Valencian equivalent is ""Llopis"". López is the fifth most common hispanic surname globally and in Spain

"Cárdenas (surname)"
Cárdenas (surname) Cárdenas is a locational surname originated in La Rioja, Spain. It comes from a noble house of Viscay belonging to the low nobility. In Spain, Cárdenas is the 287th most frequently surname, accounting for 0.37% of the population. It is the 296th most popular surname in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. The origin of this surname can be found at the beginnings of the 13th century. It was given to Don Sancho López de Haro, grandson of Don Lope Díaz de Haro, IX Lord of Biscay. Don Sancho was given the title of I Lord of the

Mexico, Peru and Cuba. The surname is also brought into the Philippines by the Spaniards during its 333 years of colonization. Cárdenas (surname) Cárdenas is a locational surname originated in La Rioja, Spain. It comes from a noble house of Viscay belonging to the low nobility. In Spain, Cárdenas is the 287th most frequently surname, accounting for 0.37% of the population. It is the 296th most popular surname in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. The origin of this surname can be found at the beginnings of the 13th century. It was given to Don Sancho López de Haro, grandson

Macias
Macias Macias (or more commonly Macías) is a Spanish surname found to varying degrees in Europe and Latin America. Within Spain, its frequency is highest in Extremadura, followed by Andalusia, the Canary Islands and Castile and León. In Mexico, there are concentrations in Los Altos de Jalisco, Tamaulipas, and along the Texas-Mexico border. There is no singular theory as to the origin of Macías. A long-standing argument over its origin revolves around whether or not it is of a Sephardi origin. Some argue that Macías originates from the Spanish version of the Hebraic term for the Messiah, while others hold

"Pérez"
Pérez Pérez or Perez, as most commonly written in English, is a Spanish and Jewish surname popular among people of Sephardic Jewish descent. The surname with Spanish origins, written in Spanish orthography as Pérez, is a patronymic surname meaning ""son of Pero or Pedro (Peter)"". The surname has a Portuguese counterpart with the same meaning and etymology, Peres, written with a final ""s"" instead of ""z"" and without the accent. The surname with a Hebrew origin is transliterated into English as either Perez or Peretz, and is derived from the Hebrew given name פרץ (cf. ), after the biblical character

"González (surname)"
on its family crest and the Visigothic cultural origins of the nation of Spain. It is also taken to mean ""son of Gonzalo"", a name deriving from the Germanic ""Gunther"". Common spelling variations include: Gonzales, Gonzáles, Gonzalés, and Gonzalez (without an acute accent). The variant Consolus appears among people descended from a Spaniard with the surname Gonsález who settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. As of 2014, 31.8% of all known bearers of the surname ""González"" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:44), 10.8% of Spain (1:49), 10.0% of Venezuela (1:34), 7.4% of Argentina (1:66), 7.1% of the United

González (surname) González is a Spanish surname. In Spain, González is the second most common surname with 2.08% of the population having this surname. González is also a common surname in Latin America. It is one of the five most common surnames in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, and Venezuela, making it one of the most common surnames in the Spanish-speaking world. In the United States, González ranked as the 13th most common surname in 2017. González is of Spanish origin, deriving from the Visigothic / ancient Germanic term for a castle, ""gunþo(guntho)-salaz"" meaning ""war hall"", as evidenced by the castle

"Ramírez (surname)"
Ramírez (surname) Ramírez is a patronymic Spanish surname meaning ""son of Ramiro"". Its correct spelling in Spanish is with an acute accent on the i, which is often omitted in English writing. It is the 28th most common surname in Spain. It is also the 42nd most common surname in the U.S. and the 9th most common in Mexico. As of 2014, 40.1% of all known bearers of the surname ""Ramírez"" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:62), 10.2% of Colombia (1:95), 8.3% of the United States (1:874), 5.4% of Venezuela (1:112), 5.3% of Guatemala (1:61), 4.3% of Peru (1:149), 3.6%

"Martínez (surname)"
Martínez (surname) Martínez (often spelled without the acute accent on the ""i"") is a common surname in the Spanish language. Martínez is the most common surname in the Spanish regions of Navarre, La Rioja, Cuenca and Murcia. There are also variations such as San Martin and Martín (with an accent on the ""i""). It originated as a patronymic surname, meaning ""son of Martín"" (English: Martin). Among Mozarabs, the name was Arabized to ""Mardanish"" (e.g. Ibn Mardanish) (as well as other patronymics such as Hernandez and Gomez). It is also used sometimes as a component word of a multi-word surname such

"Church of the Holy Sepulchre"
commemorate Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. In 70 AD, the siege of Jerusalem by Emperor Titus saw the destruction of the Second Temple. Sixty years later, in 130 AD, the Roman emperor Hadrian started a Roman colony in Jerusalem, and 135, ordered that a cave containing a rock-cut tomb be filled in to create a flat foundation for a temple dedicated to Jupiter or Venus. The temple, usually referred to as ""Jupiter Capitolinus"", remained until the early 4th century. After seeing a vision of a cross in the sky in 312, Constantine the Great converted to Christianity, signed the Edict of

church's entrance. A wooden ladder was placed there at some time before 1852, when the ""status quo"" defined both the doors and the window ledges as common ground. This ladder, the ""Immovable Ladder"", in its latest incarnation, remains to this day, in almost exactly the same position it occupied in century-old photographs and engravings, as it must be replaced whenever it falls apart. An engraving by David Roberts in 1839 also shows the same ladder in the same position. No one controls the main entrance. In 1192, Saladin assigned door-keeping responsibilities to the Muslim Nuseibeh family. The wooden doors that

of the Nativity in Bethlehem to commemorate the birth of Jesus. Constantine's church was built as separate constructs over the two holy sites: the great basilica (the ""Martyrium"" visited by Egeria in the 380s), an enclosed colonnaded atrium (the ""Triportico"") with the traditional site of Calvary in one corner, and across a courtyard, a rotunda called the ""Anastasis"" (""Resurrection""), where Helena and Macarius believed Jesus to have been buried. The church was consecrated on 13 September 335. Each year, the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates the anniversary of the consecration of the church of the Resurrection (""Martyrion"") on 13 September. This

"Entrance (liturgical)"
Incarnation of Christ and his baptism in the Jordan River: the deacon representing John the Baptist, and the priest representing Christ. Because the first coming of Christ was in humility, the priest is instructed in the rubrics to make the entrance with his hands at his side. The Great Entrance occurs at a later point during the Divine Liturgy, near the beginning of the Liturgy of the Faithful, when the Gifts (bread and wine) to be offered are carried from the Chapel of Prothesis (a table on the north side of the sanctuary sometimes occupying its own apse), to be

by the earthquake that occurred when Jesus died on the cross, while some scholars claim it to be the result of quarrying against a natural flaw in the rock. Just inside the entrance to the church is the Stone of Anointing (also Stone of the Anointing or Stone of Unction), which tradition believes to be the spot where Jesus' body was prepared for burial by Joseph of Arimathea. However, this tradition is only attested since the crusader era (notably by the Italian Dominican pilgrim Riccoldo da Monte di Croce in 1288), and the present stone was only added in the

had recently taken it from the Abassids) by the knights of the First Crusade on 15 July 1099. The First Crusade was envisioned as an armed pilgrimage, and no crusader could consider his journey complete unless he had prayed as a pilgrim at the Holy Sepulchre. Crusader Prince Godfrey of Bouillon, who became the first crusader monarch of Jerusalem, decided not to use the title ""king"" during his lifetime, and declared himself ""Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri"" (""Protector [or Defender] of the Holy Sepulchre""). By the crusader period, a cistern under the former basilica was rumoured to have been the location where

It marks the 13th Station of the Cross, where Jesus' body was removed from the cross and given to his family and disciples. Beneath the Calvary and the two chapels there, on the main floor, there is the Chapel of Adam. According to tradition, Jesus was crucified over the place where Adam's skull was buried. According to some, at the crucifixion, the blood of Christ ran down the cross and through the rocks to fill the skull of Adam. The Rock of Calvary appears cracked through a window on the altar wall, with the crack traditionally claimed to be caused

the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the Divine Liturgy or Holy Mass there daily. It is also used for other ceremonies on special occasions, such as the Holy Saturday ceremony of the Holy Fire led by the Greek Orthodox Patriarch (with the participation of the Coptic and Armenian patriarchs). To its rear, in a chapel constructed of iron latticework upon a stone base semicircular in plan, lies the altar used by the Coptic Orthodox. Historically, the Georgians also retained the key to the Aedicule. From May 2016 to March 2017, the Aedicule underwent restoration and repairs after the Israel

and resurrected. The tomb is enclosed by the 19th-century shrine, called the Aedicule (Edicule). The ""Status Quo"", a 150-year-old understanding between religious communities, applies to the site. Within the church proper are the last four (or, by some definitions, five) Stations of the Via Dolorosa, representing the final episodes of Jesus' Passion. The church has been a major Christian pilgrimage destination since its creation in the fourth century, as the traditional site of the Resurrection of Christ, thus its original Greek name, Church of the Anastasis. Today, the wider complex accumulated during the centuries around the Church of the Holy

1810 reconstruction. The wall behind the stone is defined by its striking blue balconies and tau cross-bearing red banners (depicting the insignia of the Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre), and is decorated with lamps. The modern three-part mosaic along the wall depicts the anointing of Jesus' body, preceded on the right by the Descent from the Cross, and succeeded on the left by the Burial of Jesus. The wall was a temporary addition to support the arch above it, which had been weakened after the damage in the 1808 fire; it blocks the view of the rotunda, separates the entrance

"The Blacklist (season 5)"
The Blacklist (season 5) The fifth season of the American crime thriller television series ""The Blacklist"" premiered on NBC on September 27, 2017, with a timeslot change from Thursday at 10:00 PM to Wednesday at 8:00 PM. The season was produced by Davis Entertainment, Universal Television and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp, John Davis, John Eisendrath, John Fox, and Joe Carnahan. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 16, 2018. The season aired the series' 100th episode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The fifth season of ""The Blacklist"" received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator

website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 100% approval rating based on five reviews, with an average score of 8.5/10. The Blacklist (season 5) The fifth season of the American crime thriller television series ""The Blacklist"" premiered on NBC on September 27, 2017, with a timeslot change from Thursday at 10:00 PM to Wednesday at 8:00 PM. The season was produced by Davis Entertainment, Universal Television and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp, John Davis, John Eisendrath, John Fox, and Joe Carnahan. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 16, 2018. The season aired the series'

"The Blacklist (TV series)"
2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on September 22, 2016. A spin-off series, """", premiered on February 23, 2017. On May 11, 2017, the series was renewed for a fifth season, while the spin-off was canceled the following day. The fifth season premiered on September 27, 2017. After showing a screening of the pilot at Comic-Con, producers revealed that their inspiration for ""The Blacklist"" came from the capture of Whitey Bulger. Recalling the experience in an interview with Collider, executive producer John Eisendrath stated: NBC bought the rights to ""The Blacklist"" from Sony Pictures Television

"Orange Is the New Black (season 5)"
Orange Is the New Black (season 5) The fifth season of the American comedy-drama television series ""Orange Is the New Black"" premiered on Netflix on June 9, 2017, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, """" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The fifth season was released on June 9, 2017. In

Boone). The series also stars Diego Klattenhoff, Ryan Eggold, and Harry Lennix. The pilot episode was written by Jon Bokenkamp and directed by Joe Carnahan. Executive producers for the series include Bokenkamp, John Eisendrath, and John Davis for Sony Pictures Television, Universal Television, and Davis Entertainment. On May 12, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. The series has received positive reviews, with many critics praising Spader's performance in particular. Raymond ""Red"" Reddington, a former US Naval Intelligence officer who had disappeared twenty years earlier to become one of

has received ""generally favorable reviews"". On Metacritic, it has a score of 67 out of 100 based on 20 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 76% rating with an average score of 7.47 out of 10 based on 33 reviews. Orange Is the New Black (season 5) The fifth season of the American comedy-drama television series ""Orange Is the New Black"" premiered on Netflix on June 9, 2017, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, """" (2010), about her experiences at FCI

"Black-ish (season 4)"
were unable to resolve"". On March 10, 2018, it was officially announced that the network had no plans to air the episode. In the episode, Dre tries to read a bedtime story to Devante during a thunderstorm, but instead improvises a new story based on recent social and political issues in the United States. Black-ish (season 4) The fourth season of ""Black-ish"" aired from October 3, 2017 which concluded on May 15, 2018 on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Khalabo Ink Society, Cinema Gypsy Productions, Principato-Young Entertainment and ABC Studios, with creator Kenya Barris, who also

and Reddington assisting the team tracking and apprehending them. The rank and name or alias of the featured criminal on the list is displayed at the start of every episode. Three episodes in the series, ""Cape May"", ""Requiem"" and ""Ruin"", do not follow this format. On October 4, 2013, NBC ordered nine additional episodes, filling out the series' first season. On December 3, 2013, NBC renewed the series for a 22-episode second season. On May 11, 2014, owing to the series' breakout success, NBC decided to air an episode in the coveted post–Super Bowl timeslot in 2015. On December 5,

"Orange Is the New Black (season 4)"
Orange Is the New Black (season 4) The fourth season of the American comedy-drama television series ""Orange Is the New Black"" premiered on Netflix on June 17, 2016, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 54–60 minutes, with a 77-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, """" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy

"Burn Notice (season 5)"
Burn Notice (season 5) The fifth season of the American television spy drama Burn Notice premiered on June 23, 2011 on the cable television channel USA Network. The season concluded after its eighteenth episode on December 15, 2011. Six months after the arrest of Vaughn and the retrieval of the NOC list, Michael has been working with the CIA to capture, imprison, or execute all of the people that worked for the organization that burned him. With only one high-ranking operative remaining, Michael, his boss Raines (Dylan Baker), and partner Max (Grant Show) attempt to extract the final spy, but

"Chinese dragon"
Chinese dragon Chinese dragons, also known as East Asian dragons, are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and East Asian culture at large. Chinese dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs. They traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, typhoons, and floods. The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck for people who are worthy of it in East Asian culture. During the days of Imperial China, the Emperor of China usually used the dragon as a symbol

the depiction of the dragon in other Asian cultures, see: Dragons related to the Chinese dragon: Dragons similar to the Chinese dragon: Chinese dragon Chinese dragons, also known as East Asian dragons, are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and East Asian culture at large. Chinese dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs. They traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, typhoons, and floods. The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck for people who are worthy of

"Xiongdi Gong"
Xiongdi Gong Xiongdi Gong (Hanzi=兄弟公; pinyin=""xiōngdì gōng""; Hokkien=Ya Ti Kong) or 108 Saints (Hainan 108 Brothers) are the protector deities of seafaring. They are usually worshiped along with Shui Wei Sheng Niang at Chinese temples near the sea by fishermen or seafarers.Their altar usually contain only one red faced scholar statue. Xiongdi Gong greatly affected the spiritual life in Hainan. Their cult is spread along with the immigrant of Hainan around the world and has become one of Hainan's identity. People of China was suffering under the imperialism of late Qing dynasty which triggered Chinese diaspora. On the time of

Qianliyan
as a character in Xu Zhonglin's ""Creation of the Gods"". He was confused with the door god Shenshu ""Shēnshū"") and, particularly, gradually conflated with the earlier sea god Zhaobao Qilang ""Zhāobǎo Qīláng"") as he was supplanted by the cult of Mazu. Qianliyan's sharp vision is employed to help protect sailors at night and during fog and other inclement weather. In some accounts, he is capable of seeing everything in the world. Qianliyan is most often portrayed as a demon defeated and tamed or befriended by the sea goddess Mazu. By one account, he and Shunfeng'er appeared off Meizhou Island during

"Shuixian Zunwang"
Shuixian Zunwang The Shuixian Zunwang are five Taoist immortals worshipped as water and sea gods. They have various names in English including the Honorable Water Immortal Kings and the Gods of the Waters. Their worship seems to derive from a misunderstanding of one of Wu Zixu's religious titles. They are believed to protect vessels in transit. The Chinese title ""Shuǐxiān Zūnwáng"" is variously translated into English as the the Illustrious, Revered, or Eminent , the the the and the The head of the five is Yu the Great, the legendary first emperor of the Xia Dynasty in prehistoric China. Within

"Ao Guang"
Guang is impaled and petrified on Nezha's spear. In the second expansion pack of the videogame ""Age Of Mythology"", Ao Guang is one of the three minor gods the player can worship in the Mythic Age. He grants the player the Azure Dragon and Dragon Turtle units, and the God Power of the great flood. Ao Guang Ao Guang is the Dragon King of the East Sea in Chinese religion. He appeared in different works including ""Fengshen Yanyi"" and ""Journey to the West"". According to the ""Fengshen Yanyi"", after the passage of many years, Ao Guang had brought chaos to

"Dragon King"
Yellow Emperor, he represents the source of the myriad things. Each one of the four Dragon Kings of the Four Seas (四海龍王 ""Sìhǎi Lóngwáng"") is associated to a colour and a body of water corresponding to one of the four cardinal directions and natural boundaries of China: the East Sea (corresponding to the East China Sea), the South Sea (corresponding to the South China Sea), the West Sea (Qinghai Lake), and the North Sea (Lake Baikal). They appear in the classical novels like ""The Investiture of the Gods"" and ""Journey to the West"". Each of them has a proper name,

Dragon King The Dragon King, also known as the Dragon God, is a Chinese water and weather god. He is regarded as the dispenser of rain as well as the zoomorphic representation of the ""yang"" masculine power of generation. He is the collective personification of the ancient concept of the ""lóng"" in Chinese culture. He can take a variety of forms, the most important ones being the cosmological Sihai Longwang (四海龍王 ""Dragon King of the Four Seas"") who, with the addition of the Yellow Dragon (黃龍 ""Huánglóng"") of Xuanyuan, represent the watery and chthonic forces presided over by the Five

to be the primary of the four celestial guardians, the other three being the Zhu Que—朱雀 (Vermilion Bird), Bai Hu—白虎 (White Tiger), Xuan Wu—玄武 (Black Tortoise-like creature). In this context, the Azure Dragon is associated with the East and the element of Wood. At special festivals, especially the Duanwu Festival, dragon boat races are an important part of festivities. Typically, these are boats paddled by a team of up to 20 paddlers with a drummer and steersman. The boats have a carved dragon as the head and tail of the boat. Dragon boat racing is also an important part of

"Dragon boat"
and calamity and encourage rainfall, which is needed for the fertility of the crops and thus, for the prosperity of an agrarian way of life. Celestial dragons were the controllers of rain, monsoons, winds, and clouds. The Emperor was ""The Dragon"" or the ""Son of Heaven"", and Chinese people refer to themselves as ""dragons"" because of its spirit of strength and vitality. Unlike dragons in European mythology, which are typically considered to be evil and demonic, Asian dragons are regarded as wholesome and benevolent, and thus worthy of veneration, not slaying. If rainfall is insufficient, however, drought and famine can

"Formula V Air Racing"
Formula V Air Racing Formula V Air Racing is an American motorsport that involves small aircraft using engines up to 100 cubic inches in displacement. The proposal for Formula V has its roots in the 1964 Reno Air Races. In 1969, Air racer, Steve Wittman presented at the Rockford air convention of the Experimental Aircraft Association specifications for a racing event based around aircraft powered with a Volkswagen air-cooled engine. Racers compete around a 2 mile oval course that subject the racers to up to 2.2g. Several aircraft were capable of meeting the specifications for Formula V at its creation.

"V-Rally (video game)"
more practice than arcade-style racers. The game was developed over the course of nearly two years by a team that would later be known as Eden Studios. Ex-rally world champion Ari Vatanen gave the developers insight on how the cars should handle collisions and drifts. Upon release, the game was critically and commercially successful in Europe, selling more than two million copies as of November 1998. However, the game was not very successful in North America. Critics generally praised its large number of tracks and challenging yet rewarding gameplay, but some criticized its overly-sensitive and difficult controls. After its release

"Cadillac CTS-V"
was replaced by the Cadillac ATS-V. The CTS-V sedan achieved a lap time of 7:59.32 at the Nürburgring Nordschleife, which was the fastest documented time for a production sedan on factory tires, until the Porsche Panamera Turbo clocked a time of 7:56 in July 2009. The vehicle was driven by John Heinricy during the attempt. The record breaking vehicle was sold in 2009 at the Barrett-Jackson Palm Beach auction. Cadillac CTS-V The Cadillac CTS-V is a high-performance version of the Cadillac CTS. The CTS-V series includes three body styles, all of which feature a pushrod OHV V-8 engine and a

Specific designs were introduced shortly after that maximized speed for the configuration. Aircraft include: Winners of the Formula V National Championship are determined by points from the years events. Since 1995 the winner also holds The Wittman Trophy for a year. Formula V Air Racing Formula V Air Racing is an American motorsport that involves small aircraft using engines up to 100 cubic inches in displacement. The proposal for Formula V has its roots in the 1964 Reno Air Races. In 1969, Air racer, Steve Wittman presented at the Rockford air convention of the Experimental Aircraft Association specifications for a

The 6L90 automatic is a paddle shift conventional (planetary gearing and torque converter-based) automatic six-speed. Production of the CTS-V sedan began in the summer of 2008 in the Lansing, Michigan GM plant. Total production of the CTS-V for the 2009 model year was approximately 3,500 out of approximately 59,716 CTS model production. The 2009 CTS-V has a base price of US$59,995, and was available for purchase as of November 1, 2008. Standard features include: leather seats, lateral acceleration gauge, 19-inch aluminum alloy wheels, Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 tires, a built-in 40GB hard drive to store music, and LED flash tracers

"Cadillac V series"
2009, Cadillac introduced the second-generation CTS-V that was built on GM Sigma II Platform. It was a rear-wheel drive, powered by a LSA EATON-supercharged V8 that was based on LS9 V8 from—what was then—recently released Corvette ZR1. The engine generates 556 horsepower and 551 lb-ft of torque. The second-generation CTS-V was a major hit that advanced Cadillac's ""Art & Science"" philosophy further ahead. It broke a Nürburgring lap-record which made it—back then—the fastest production sedan. When asked in 2009 about the possibility of a CTS-V wagon, the GM Vice Chairman at that time, Bob Lutz, replied, ""... should sufficient demand

recognized in all the comparison tests for being the most affordable car by several thousands of dollars against all the others high-performance cars. The 2009 CTS-V was added to the ""Car and Driver"" 10 Best Cars list. The CTS-V is raced in the SCCA World Challenge series. The first generation CTS-V sedan competed from 2004-2007, winning the manufacturer's championship in 2005 and 2007. Starting in 2011 the second generation V competed as a coupe, winning Cadillac back-to-back manufacturer's championships in 2012 and 2013. The 2011 coupe race car is built by Pratt & Miller. For the 2015 season, the CTS-V

engine for better vehicle feel and control. Unlike the PlayStation version, the Nintendo 64 version fits in a 96-megabit cartridge, but does not feature any music during gameplay. The game generally received more positive reviews in Europe than in North America. Criticism was targeted at its late draw-in graphics and floaty car physics, but some critics highlighted the fact that the game includes more than 50 tracks. Because the North American version was released nearly one year later than the European version, ""IGN"" felt that Nintendo 64 standards improved significantly with racing games such as ""World Driver Championship"" or ""Beetle

sedan on factory tires—until the Porsche Panamera Turbo clocked a time of 7:56 in July 2009—thanks to a heavily-tuned ""LS9"" EATON-supercharged V8 engine that was borrowed from Corvette. The engine was renamed as ""LSA"" and it produces 556 horsepower as well of torque. The same ""LSA"" engine is used in CTS-V coupe and wagon. The CTS-V is the only V-series Cadillac for the 2014 model lineup, and it was originally created to compete with BMW M3 sedan and coupe, as well the M5. Future plans for the V series include a new ATS-V sedan and coupe along with a third-generation

the American version includes the Toyota Corolla WRC as a new car. A Platinum version that supports the DualShock controller and includes the Toyota Corolla WRC was released in Europe in 1998 as ""V-Rally: Championship Edition"". In Europe, ""V-Rally"" was a critical and commercial success, selling 15,000 copies during its first weekend of release. In the UK, the game was a bestseller for three months, and in August 1998, the game received a ""Gold"" sales award from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland, indicating sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. As of November 1998, ""V-Rally"" had

"Leaning Tower of Pisa"
Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa (""Torre di Pisa"" ) is the ""campanile"", or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (""Piazza del Duomo""), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry. The tower's tilt began during construction in the 12th century, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The

the end of the 18th century to replace the broken ""Pasquareccia"". The circular shape and great height (currently on the lowest side and m on the highest) of the campanile were unusual for their time, and the crowning belfry is stylistically distinct from the rest of the construction. This belfry incorporates a correction for the inclined axis below. The siting of the campanile within the Piazza del Duomo diverges from the axial alignment of the cathedral and baptistery of the Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa (""Torre

14, 1173 during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals. The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly

are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale. The largest one was installed in 1655. After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain. Galileo Galilei is said to have dropped two cannonballs of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their speed of descent was independent of their mass. However, the only primary source for this is the biography ""Racconto istorico della

but following remedial work between 1993 and 2001 this was reduced to 3.97 degrees, reducing the overhang by 45 cm at a cost of £200m. It lost a further 4 cm of tilt in the two decades to 2018. There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in

Pisa
Pisa Pisa (; or ) is a city and ""comune"" in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also

his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa. Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August

tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is . Its weight is estimated at . The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. In 1990 the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,

Pisa
version of the game, which has been pursued in the 20th and 21st centuries with some interruptions and varying degrees of enthusiasm by Pisans and their civic institutions. Pisa is twinned with: Pisa Pisa (; or ) is a city and ""comune"" in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other

"Pisa Baptistery"
The Pisa Baptistery is an example of the transition from the Romanesque style to the Gothic style: the lower section is in the Romanesque style, with rounded arches, while the upper sections are in the Gothic style, with pointed arches. The Baptistery is constructed of marble, as is common in Italian architecture. The portal, facing the facade of the cathedral, is flanked by two classical columns, while the inner jambs are executed in Byzantine style. The lintel is divided in two tiers. The lower one depicts several episodes in the life of St. John the Baptist, while the upper one

"Economy of India"
its construction, retail, software, IT, communications, hospitality, infrastructure operations, education, healthcare, banking and insurance, and many other economic activities. India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 17% of the GDP.The sector employed 49% of its total workforce in 2014. Agriculture accounted for 23% of GDP, and employed 59% of the country's total workforce in 2016. As the Indian economy has diversified and grown, agriculture's contribution to GDP has steadily declined from 1951 to 2011, yet it is still the country's largest employment source and a significant piece of its

processing units in Kollam, Kerala. India's foodgrain production remained stagnant at approximately 252 million tonnes (MT) during both the 2015–16 and 2014–15 crop years (July–June). India exports several agriculture products, such as Basmati rice, wheat, cereals, spices, fresh fruits, dry fruits, buffalo beef meat, cotton, tea, coffee and other cash crops particularly to the Middle East, Southeast and East Asian countries. About 10 percent of its export earnings come from this trade. Industry accounts for 26% of GDP and employs 22% of the total workforce. According to the World Bank, India's industrial manufacturing GDP output in 2015 was 6th largest

in recent decades. In 2009–10, remittances from Indian migrants overseas stood at , the highest in the world, but their share in FDI remained low at around 1%. Agriculture is an important part of the Indian economy. At around , India has the second-largest amount of arable land, after the US, with 52% of total land under cultivation. Although the total land area of the country is only slightly more than one third of China or the US, India's arable land is marginally smaller than that of the US, and marginally larger than that of China. However, agricultural output lags

overall socio-economic development. Crop-yield-per-unit-area of all crops has grown since 1950, due to the special emphasis placed on agriculture in the five-year plans and steady improvements in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies since the Green Revolution in India. However, international comparisons reveal the average yield in India is generally 30% to 50% of the highest average yield in the world. The states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat and Maharashtra are key contributors to Indian agriculture. India receives an average annual rainfall of

and a total annual precipitation of 4000 billion cubic metres, with the total utilisable water resources, including surface and groundwater, amounting to 1123 billion cubic metres. of the land area, or about 39% of the total cultivated area, is irrigated. India's inland water resources and marine resources provide employment to nearly six million people in the fisheries sector. In 2010, India had the world's sixth-largest fishing industry. India is the largest producer of milk, jute and pulses, and has the world's second-largest cattle population with 170 million animals in 2011. It is the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton

accounted for about 52.1% of the total workforce in 2009–10. While agriculture employment has fallen over time in percentage of labour employed, services which includes construction and infrastructure have seen a steady growth accounting for 20.3% of employment in 2012–13. Of the total workforce, 7% is in the organised sector, two-thirds of which are in the government-controlled public sector. About 51.2% of the workforce in India is self-employed. According to a 2005–06 survey, there is a gender gap in employment and salaries. In rural areas, both men and women are primarily self-employed, mostly in agriculture. In urban areas, salaried work

in the world on current US dollar basis ($559 billion), and 9th largest on inflation-adjusted constant 2005 US dollar basis ($197.1 billion). The industrial sector underwent significant changes due to the 1991 economic reforms, which removed import restrictions, brought in foreign competition, led to the privatisation of certain government-owned public-sector industries, liberalised the foreign direct investment (FDI) regime, improved infrastructure and led to an expansion in the production of fast-moving consumer goods. Post-liberalisation, the Indian private sector was faced with increasing domestic and foreign competition, including the threat of cheaper Chinese imports. It has since handled the change by squeezing

from 1,860 or 22% of the total in 1969 to 30,590 or 42% in 2007 – only 32,270 of 500,000 villages are served by a scheduled bank. India's gross domestic savings in 2006–07 as a percentage of GDP stood at a high 32.8%. More than half of personal savings are invested in physical assets such as land, houses, cattle, and gold. The government-owned public-sector banks hold over 75% of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18.2% and 6.5% respectively. Since liberalisation, the government has approved significant banking reforms. While some of these relate

to protecting minority investors or getting credit. The strong efforts taken by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) to boost ease of doing business rankings at the state level is said to impact the overall rankings of India. The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017. Inflation under 5% is in green. Historically, India has classified and tracked its economy and GDP in three sectors: agriculture, industry and services. Agriculture includes crops, horticulture, milk and animal husbandry, aquaculture, fishing, sericulture, aviculture, forestry and related activities. Industry includes various manufacturing sub-sectors. India's definition of services sector includes

sanctioned for the Indian military for the financial year 2017 was (US$53.5 billion). Defence spending is expected to rise to US$62 billion by 2022. The pulp and paper industry in India is one of the major producers of paper in the world and has adopted new manufacturing technology. The services sector has the largest share of India's GDP, accounting for 57% in 2012, up from 15% in 1950. It is the seventh-largest services sector by nominal GDP, and third largest when purchasing power is taken into account. The services sector provides employment to 27% of the work force. Information technology

"Demetrius (A Midsummer Night's Dream)"
Demetrius (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Demetrius is one of the iconic lovers in William Shakespeare's play ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". He is a young Athenian who is engaged to another young Athenian, Hermia. He claims to love her, but really appears this way to gain Duke Theseus' and Egeus' support (in one interpretation). However, Hermia does not love Demetrius, but instead she loves a man called Lysander. Demetrius follows Hermia and Lysander into the woods once they have fled Athens, whilst Helena follows him. Helena craves Demetrius' love but he doesn't return her love and instead finds her annoying and

a nuisance as she tries to win his heart. Eventually Demetrius falls in love with Helena due to Oberon and Puck putting the love juice on his eyes. The storyline is complex and shows the difficulties of true love through comedy. After Hermia has confided in Helena regarding her plans to elope with Lysander, Helena reveals the plan to Demetrius, in the hopes of procuring Demetrius's trust. However, Demetrius merely goes to the forest seeking Hermia, without giving Helena a second thought. After that he returns to the king. Helena follows Demetrius, and Oberon, the fairy king, sees them arguing.

loves Helena. Demetrius watched the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe performed by the six craftsmen on Duke Theseus and the Duchess's wedding day at night, alongside Helena, Lysander and Hermia. Demetrius and the other four lovers share a wedding with Theseus and his soon-to-be wife. Demetrius (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Demetrius is one of the iconic lovers in William Shakespeare's play ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". He is a young Athenian who is engaged to another young Athenian, Hermia. He claims to love her, but really appears this way to gain Duke Theseus' and Egeus' support (in one interpretation). However, Hermia

Hermia
Hermia Hermia is a fictional character from Shakespeare's play, ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". She is a girl of ancient Athens named for Hermes, the Greek god of trade. Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysander, but is being courted by another, Demetrius, whose feelings she does not return. Though she loves Lysander, Hermia's father, Egeus, wants her to marry Demetrius and has appealed to Theseus, the Duke of Athens, for support. Under Athenian law, Hermia's refusal of her father's command would result in her being put to death or being banished to a nunnery.

They fight over Helena, until Puck lulls them to sleep, and then Puck reverses the spell upon Lysander so that Lysander will love Hermia again. The spell on Demetrius, however, is not removed, and the play ends with Demetrius very much in love with Helena. Thus the love plot is balanced, with Lysander and Hermia forming one couple, and Demetrius and Helena forming another couple. Demetrius has to marry Hermia, while Hermia wants to marry Lysander. When Puck corrects his mistake and Demetrius then falls for Helena, it is because of the love potion. But somewhere deep down Demetrius truly

Hermia
de Havilland in the 1935 version and by Anna Friel in the 1999 release. Hermia Hermia is a fictional character from Shakespeare's play, ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". She is a girl of ancient Athens named for Hermes, the Greek god of trade. Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysander, but is being courted by another, Demetrius, whose feelings she does not return. Though she loves Lysander, Hermia's father, Egeus, wants her to marry Demetrius and has appealed to Theseus, the Duke of Athens, for support. Under Athenian law, Hermia's refusal of her father's command

"Lysander (A Midsummer Night's Dream)"
Lysander (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Lysander is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". A handsome young man of Athens, Lysander is in love with Egeus's daughter Hermia. However, Egeus does not approve of Lysander and prefers his daughter to marry a man called Demetrius. Meanwhile, Hermia's friend Helena has fallen in love with Demetrius. When Hermia is forced to choose between dying, never seeing a man again or marrying Demetrius, she and Lysander run away into the forest. After Lysander is put under Puck's spell, being mistaken for Demetrius he falls in love with Helena.

Eventually, the spell is reversed and Lysander marries Hermia. Lysander (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Lysander is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". A handsome young man of Athens, Lysander is in love with Egeus's daughter Hermia. However, Egeus does not approve of Lysander and prefers his daughter to marry a man called Demetrius. Meanwhile, Hermia's friend Helena has fallen in love with Demetrius. When Hermia is forced to choose between dying, never seeing a man again or marrying Demetrius, she and Lysander run away into the forest. After Lysander is put under Puck's spell, being

"Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)"
Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Helena is a fictional character and one of the four young lovers – Demetrius, Lysander, Hermia and Helena – featured in William Shakespeare's play ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". She is the daughter of Nedar, and a friend of Hermia (with whom she often compares herself). Prior to the play's beginning, she is betrothed to the nobleman Demetrius but is jilted when his affections turn to Hermia. Despite this, Helena's abiding love for Demetrius remains consistent throughout the play. Hermia and her suitor, Lysander, confide in Helena that they plan to elope. In the hopes that

Oberon feels pity on Helena and decides to help her by putting love juice on Demetrius's eyes, thereby compelling Demetrius to return Helena's love. Oberon instructs Puck, another fairy, to pour love juice on the eyelids of the ""Athenian man"" However, Puck sees Lysander sleeping, and pours the love juice in Lysander's eyes instead, thus causing Lysander to fall in love with Helena (and abandon Hermia), while Demetrius's love for Hermia continues unaltered. Later, Puck pours the love juice in Demetrius's eyes as well, with the result of both Demetrius and Lysander falling in love with Helena and despising Hermia.

"Varsity Blues (film)"
Texas. As a result, movie theaters in Stephenville refused to show the movie. The soundtrack album was published by Hollywood Records. On August 16, 2016, ""CMT"" is developing a TV series inspired by the film. Varsity Blues (film) Varsity Blues is a 1999 American comedy-drama film directed by Brian Robbins that follows a small-town 3A high school football team and their overbearing coach through a tumultuous season. The players must deal with the pressures of adolescence and their football-obsessed community while having their hard coach on their back constantly. In the small (fictional) town of West Canaan, Texas, football is

Varsity Blues (film) Varsity Blues is a 1999 American comedy-drama film directed by Brian Robbins that follows a small-town 3A high school football team and their overbearing coach through a tumultuous season. The players must deal with the pressures of adolescence and their football-obsessed community while having their hard coach on their back constantly. In the small (fictional) town of West Canaan, Texas, football is a way of life, and losing is not an option. The film drew a domestic box office gross of $52 million against its estimated $16 million budget despite mixed critical reviews. Jonathan ""Mox"" Moxon (James

football scholarship to Grambling, and Mox took his scholarship and would graduate from Brown University, but he never played football again. The film opened at #1 at the North American box office making $17.5 million USD in its opening weekend. Though it had a 39.6% decline in earnings, it was still enough to keep it at the top spot for another week. Critical reception was mixed; the film has a 40% (""Rotten"") approval rating from 52 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus ""This is a predictable football movie that lacks intensity."" Roger Ebert noted in his ""Chicago Sun-Times"" review

he will alter his transcripts in order to reverse the decision on his scholarship. Kilmer's lack of concern for his players continues, resulting in an emotional breakdown of offensive guard, Billy Bob (Ron Lester), who had suffered a head injury weeks earlier (Billy Bob had missed a block when he passed out on the field as a result of this injury after Kilmer pressured him out onto the field, which allowed the hit on Lance that crippled his knee, in which Kilmer blames him for). When starting tailback Wendell Brown (Eliel Swinton), another friend of Mox's, is injured on the

"Oxford Blues"
of friendship and love, but also the importance of keeping promises to teammates and to oneself as well as the importance of thinking beyond oneself. The movie received poor reviews. Oxford Blues Oxford Blues is a 1984 British comedy-drama sports film written and directed by Robert Boris and starring Rob Lowe, Ally Sheedy and Amanda Pays. It is a remake of the 1938 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film ""A Yank at Oxford"". Nick Di Angelo is working in a Las Vegas casino to earn enough money to pursue the woman of his dreams, Lady Victoria Wingate, to Oxford, England. He believes the only

"Varsity Show (film)"
Varsity Show (film) Varsity Show is a 1937 American musical film released by Warner Bros.. The film was directed by William Keighley from a script by Jerry Wald, Richard Macaulay, Warren Duff and Sig Herzig. The movie features songs by Richard A. Whiting and many others. The finale was directed by Busby Berkeley. The film follows a group of students at fictional Winfield College who butt heads with their faculty advisor while producing an annual stage show. They decide to enlist help from a former student Chuck Daly (Dick Powell), who is now a big Broadway producer, to direct their

that ""Scenes work, but they don't pile up and build momentum."" ReelViews online film critic James Berardinelli's summary was that although it ""takes a worthwhile detour or two, it ultimately finds its way back to the well-worn track of its genre."" The film was later parodied in the 2001 movie, ""Not Another Teen Movie"", in which Ron Lester reprises his role of Billy Bob by playing a nearly identical character named Reggie Ray. Ali Larter's whipped cream bikini was also parodied. It was also quoted in the 2004 teen comedy film ""Mean Girls"" as being Regina George's favorite movie. In

"The Junior Varsity"
first full-length, ""The Great Compromise"", was released on British Records in 2004 while the band's members were still in college, and was warmly received by critics. The next year, the band recorded a cover of the song ""Raining in Baltimore"" for a Counting Crows tribute album, ""Dead and Dreaming"", which was populated by a number of then-up-and-coming independent bands. After frequent touring in the Chicago area, their energetic live shows led to their signing with a leading Chicago-based independent label, Victory Records, in 2004. Their album, ""Wide Eyed"", produced by Matt Squire, was released in July 2005 on Victory, and

Van Der Beek) is an intelligent and academically gifted backup quarterback for the West Canaan High School football team. Despite his relative popularity at school, easy friendships with other players and smart and sassy girlfriend Jules Harbor (Amy Smart), he is dissatisfied with his life. He wants to leave Texas to go to school at Brown University. He is constantly at odds with his football-obsessed father, Sam (Thomas F. Duffy), and dreads playing it under legendary coach Bud Kilmer (Jon Voight), a verbally abusive, controlling authoritarian who believes in winning at all costs. He has a strong track record as

Glee Club conductor was ill but his replacement was Robert Shaw. Shaw followed Fred Waring, after the movie was finished, to New York. There, Shaw founded the Collegiate Chorale and the Robert Shaw Chorale. Robert Shaw went on to be one of the most important personalities in American choral music in the 20th century. Varsity Show (film) Varsity Show is a 1937 American musical film released by Warner Bros.. The film was directed by William Keighley from a script by Jerry Wald, Richard Macaulay, Warren Duff and Sig Herzig. The movie features songs by Richard A. Whiting and many others.

"2017–18 UEFA Champions League"
August 2017, 18:00 CEST, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four, with the restriction that teams from the same association cannot be drawn against each other. For the draw, the teams were seeded into four pots based on the following principles (introduced starting 2015–16 season): In each group, teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners and runners-up advanced to the round of 16, while the third-placed teams entered the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League round of 32. The matchdays were 12–13 September, 26–27 September, 17–18 October,

"2018–19 UEFA Champions League"
The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019. The first leg matches will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second leg matches will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019 (after the quarter-final draw). The first leg matches will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second leg matches will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019. The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The ""home"" team (for

"2017 UEFA Champions League Final"
fans and the general public, with the two finalist teams receiving 18,000 tickets each and with 5,500 tickets being available for sale to fans worldwide via UEFA.com from 17 to 28 March 2017 in four price categories: £390, £275, £140, and £60. The remaining tickets were allocated to the local organising committee, UEFA and national associations, commercial partners and broadcasters, and to serve the corporate hospitality programme. American hip-hop group The Black Eyed Peas performed at the opening ceremony preceding the final. The performance, which included a pyrotechnic display, ran over time and forced the kick-off to be delayed by

2017–18 UEFA Champions League The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League was the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final was played between Real Madrid and Liverpool at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine. Real Madrid, the defending champions, beat Liverpool 3–1 to win a record-extending 13th title and their third title in a row. As winners, Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative for the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates,

"2018 UEFA Champions League Final"
2018 UEFA Champions League Final The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine on 26 May 2018, between Spanish side and defending champions Real Madrid, who had won the competition in each of the last two seasons, and English side Liverpool. Real Madrid won the final 3–1 for their third consecutive and

"2018 International Champions Cup"
2018 International Champions Cup The 2018 International Champions Cup (or ICC) was the sixth edition of a tournament comprising a series of friendly association football matches. It began on July 20 and ended on August 11. The tournament was won by Tottenham Hotspur. A total of 18 teams participated in the tournament. The participants were announced in four waves on April 10, 11, 12, and 17, 2018. On June 18, Lyon replaced Sevilla in the competition. Originally 22 venues for the International Champions Cup were announced on April 13 and 17, 2018, but they were later increased to 23. Of

"2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase"
time since the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations. <section begin=SF /> The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 May 2018. ""Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate."" ""Liverpool won 7–6 on aggregate."" <section begin=Final /> The final was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The ""home"" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw. <section end=Final /> 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2017–18

stage. However, since Real Madrid already qualified for the group stage (as the champions of the 2016–17 La Liga), the Champions League title holders berth in the group stage is given to the Europa League title holders, Manchester United. League positions of the previous season shown in parentheses (TH: Champions League title holders; EL: Europa League title holders). The schedule of the competition is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise). In the qualifying rounds and the play-off round, teams are divided into seeded and unseeded teams based on their 2017

the net. A second chance on goal for Ronaldo in the 93rd minute of play was interrupted by a pitch invader, who was captured by stadium stewards. The ""home"" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Real Madrid became the first team since Bayern Munich in 1974–76 to win three consecutive UEFA Champions Leagues or European Cups. The title was Madrid's 13th, another Champions League record, and their fourth in five years. Real Madrid's victory

these, 15 were in the United States, 7 were in Europe, and 1 was in Singapore. After Sevilla had to pull out (replaced by Lyon), matches due to take place in Warsaw and Zürich were canceled and replaced by matches in London and Faro-Loulé. The two matches Chelsea played were relocated from Gothenburg and Solna to Nice and Dublin respectively. The match schedule was announced on April 17, 2018, and was updated on June 18 after Lyon replaced Sevilla. Each team played three matches, for a total of 27 matches. The 18 teams were ranked based on results from their

who was the famous scientist that ran the research lab moseley went to in manchester

"Henry Moseley"
the daughter of the Welsh biologist and conchologist John Gwyn Jeffreys. Henry Moseley had been a very promising schoolboy at Summer Fields School (where one of the four 'leagues' is named after him), and he was awarded a King's scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906 he won the chemistry and physics prizes at Eton. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his bachelor's degree. Immediately after graduation from Oxford in 1910, Moseley became a demonstrator in physics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Sir Ernest Rutherford. During Moseley's first

"Raymond Leonard"
Raymond Leonard Raymond Leonard (born 1941) is Emeritus Professor of Industrial Technology at Manchester University, known for both his scientific and literary work. Raymond Leonard was born in 1941 when the Manchester Blitz was at its height. His father, William was a railway worker and his mother, Florence, was a hospital cleaner. Having attended Saint Phillip’s Junior School he moved to the Cavendish School in the heart of Manchester, where he finished top of the class. While at school, to supplement the family income, he delivered newspapers both night and morning around central Manchester including Sundays. He also had a

"Mary Corner"
Mary Corner Mary Corner (25 March 1899 – 4 November 1962), was a pharmacist, a worker in the British Cotton Industry and British Leather Manufacturers, Head of the Micro-analytical Section of the Chemical Research Laboratory, Vice-Chairman of the Microchemistry group and a founding member of the Microchemical Club. Mary Corner was educated at Beulah House High School, Balham, London. As a child, Corner had an ""unfortunate accident"" and ""burdened with a severe disability, and she had, in addition, more than the usual share of suffering and trouble."" During the First World War, Mary worked in a pharmacy, entering Battersea Polytechnic

"John Crosfield"
his secretarial staff together with six of the Admiralty's mathematicians on the production line, they met their target. The new mines were dropped by the RAF in the Kiel Canal, the Straits of Dover and the Western Approaches (Operation Maple and Operation Bravado), with the result that very few German vessels were able to reach and attack the invasion fleet. The Admiralty awarded Crosfield 500 pounds for his invention, and with this he bought his first house at Emsworth. After the war, Crosfield writes, ""We worked on a number of research projects at ASEA, some of which seemed very good

"John Fletcher Moulton, Baron Moulton"
weekends he drove about the country to inspect munitions plants and to locate sites for new ones. He was awarded the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1915, the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in 1917, the Etoile Noir of France, the Order of Leopold (Belgium) and was the last person to receive the Order of the White Eagle before the collapse of the Russian monarchy. Moulton also corresponded with Charles Darwin. After the war, despite pressure to lead the expansion of the British chemical industry, he returned to his love: the

"James Chadwick"
£5,184 was more than Chadwick had received from the University and the Royal Society, so Chadwick paid the rest from his (£8,243) Nobel Prize money. At Liverpool the Medicine and Science faculties worked together closely. Chadwick was automatically a committee member of both faculties, and in 1938 he was appointed to a commission headed by Lord Derby to investigate the arrangements for cancer treatment in Liverpool. Chadwick anticipated that neutrons and radioactive isotopes produced with the 37-inch cyclotron could be used to study biochemical processes, and might become a weapon in the fight against cancer. In Germany, Otto Hahn and

"Thomas Strangeways"
Thomas Strangeways Thomas Strangeways Pigg Strangeways (1866-1926) was a British pathologist, known for founding the Cambridge Research Hospital, which was renamed the Strangeways Research Laboratory following Strangeways' death in 1926. Strangeways was born Thomas Strangeways Pigg in 1866. Strangeways studied under Alfredo Kanthack at St Bartholomew's Hospital and received his medical degree in 1890. He followed Kanthack to the University of Cambridge after Kanthack was offered the chair of the Pathology Department there. Strangeways became a demonstrator and subsequently a lecturer in pathology at the University of Cambridge. Strangeways developed an interest in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis and in

was consistently supportive of the project. Strangeways died unexpectedly of a brain haemorrhage in 1926. Thomas Strangeways Thomas Strangeways Pigg Strangeways (1866-1926) was a British pathologist, known for founding the Cambridge Research Hospital, which was renamed the Strangeways Research Laboratory following Strangeways' death in 1926. Strangeways was born Thomas Strangeways Pigg in 1866. Strangeways studied under Alfredo Kanthack at St Bartholomew's Hospital and received his medical degree in 1890. He followed Kanthack to the University of Cambridge after Kanthack was offered the chair of the Pathology Department there. Strangeways became a demonstrator and subsequently a lecturer in pathology at the

"Science and engineering in Manchester"
on the wings. The flight was made in a modified Vickers Vimy bomber, and won a £10,000 prize offered by London's ""Daily Mail"" newspaper for the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic. His grave in Southern Cemetery, Manchester is marked by a large stone memorial alongside other famous Mancunian figures. He is buried in grave space ""Church of England, Section G, Grave Number 966"", alongside 4 other individuals: John Alcock, Mary Alcock, Edward Samson Alcock and Elsie Moseley. In 1910, Eccles-born Alliott Verdon Roe founded Avro on at Brownsfield Mill on Great Ancoats Street in Manchester city centre. Alongside, Farnworth-born

"Percy Richard Morley Horder"
Thurso in Caithness. He is probably best remembered for the Trent Building in the University of Nottingham. and for design of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Horder appears to have been eccentric, with a domineering character. In a recent discussion of Horder’s character and achievements, Professor White remarks ""Percy Richard Morley Horder is not a name to be conjured with. A mostly forgotten architect, he made it into the Dictionary of National Biography, but does not rate an entry on Wikipedia (!). To his pupils he was ""Holy Murder"" (a Spoonerism on his name)."" According to his

"Cashier's check"
certifies that the signature is genuine and that the customer has sufficient funds in the account to cover the check. Also, it should not be confused with a counter check, which is a non-personalized check provided by the bank for the convenience of a customer in making withdrawals or payments but is not guaranteed and is functionally equivalent to a personal check. Cashier's checks feature the name of the issuing bank in a prominent location, usually the upper left-hand corner or upper centre of the check. In addition, they are generally produced with enhanced security features, including watermarks, security thread,

color-shifting ink, and special bond paper. These are designed to decrease the vulnerability to counterfeit items. To be recognized as a cashier's check, words to that effect must be included in a prominent place on the front of the item. The payee's name, the written and numeric amount to be tendered, the remitter's information, and other tracking information (such as the branch of issue), are printed on the front of the check. The check is generally signed by one or two bank employees or officers; however, some banks issue cashier's checks featuring a facsimile signature of the bank's chief executive

Cashier's check A cashier's check (or cashier's cheque) is a check guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions. Cashier's checks deposited into a bank account are usually cleared the next day. The customer can request ""next-day availability"" when depositing a cashier's check in person. When cashier’s checks took weeks to clear the banks, they were often forged in fraud schemes. The recipient

account credit many days later, the customer will usually have already mailed the item. In many cases the ""check"" or ""money order"" is for more than the amount owed, and the victim is asked to refund the difference in cash. Cashier's check A cashier's check (or cashier's cheque) is a check guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions. Cashier's checks deposited into

of the check would deposit it in their account and withdraw funds under next-day availability, assuming it was legitimate. The bank might not be informed the check was fraudulent until, perhaps, weeks after the customer had withdrawn funds made available by the fraudulent deposit, by which time the customer would be legally liable for the cash already withdrawn. A customer asks a bank for a cashier's check, and the bank debits the amount from the customer's account immediately, and assumes the responsibility for covering the cashier's check. That is in contrast with a personal check, in which the bank does

"Cash register"
prevent errors that result from manually entering the product's barcode or pricing. At grocers, the register's scanner may be combined with a scale for measuring product that is sold by weight. Cashiers are often required to provide a receipt to the customer after a purchase has been made. Registers typically use thermal printers to print receipts, although older dot matrix printers are still in use at some retailers. Alternatively, retailers can forgo issuing paper receipts in some jurisdictions by instead asking the customer for an email to which their receipt can be sent. The receipts of larger retailers tend to

Cashier
register that the customer wishes to purchase at the retail store. The items are scanned by a barcode positioned on the item with the use of a laser scanner. After all of the goods have been scanned, the cashier then collects the payment (in cash, check and/or by credit/debit card) for the goods or services exchanged, records the amount received, makes change, and issues receipts or tickets to customers. Cashiers will record amounts received and may prepare reports of transactions, reads and record totals shown on cash register tape and verify against cash on hand. A cashier may be required

"Money order"
United States Postal Service limits domestic postal money orders to US $1,000.00 ) while certified cheques are not. Money orders typically consist of two portions: the negotiable cheque for remittance to the payee, and a receipt or stub that the customer retains for his/her records. The amount is printed by machine or checkwriter on both portions, and similar documentation, either as a third hard copy or in electronic form and retained at the issuer and agent locations. Money orders have limited acceptance in the insurance and brokerage industry because of concerns over money laundering. Because of provisions within the USA

Cheque
the customer's credit report. Typically when customers pay bills with cheques (like gas or water bills), the mail will go to a ""lock box"" at the post office. There a bank will pick up all the mail, sort it, open it, take the cheques and remittance advice out, process it all through electronic machinery, and post the funds to the proper accounts. In modern systems, taking advantage of the Check 21 Act, as in the US, many cheques are transformed into electronic objects and the paper is destroyed. Cheque A cheque, or check (American English; ]), is a document that

"Scrip cash dispenser"
Scrip cash dispenser A scrip cash dispenser is a point of banking machine—a computerized telecommunications device that allows a financial institution's customers a secure method of receiving cash in a retail location with the assistance of a cashier. With a scrip cash dispenser, the customer identifies themselves by inserting a plastic card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, that contains his or her account number. The customer then verifies their identity by entering a passcode, often referred to as a PIN (Personal Identification Number) of four or more digits. Upon successful entry of the PIN,

"Damon Salvatore"
his. Damon's most prominent love, aside from Elena, was Rose. He met her while searching for Klaus and hooked up with her shortly after. Unfortunately Damon ticked off Jules, a werewolf, and she showed up on a full moon for revenge. Damon has had a challenging relationship with his younger brother Stefan Salvatore for over a century. Before they became vampires, they both loved the vampire Katherine Pierce. Damon shows that he has nurtured a long-standing desire to reunite with Katherine throughout the first season. In the first season, we learn that it was Stefan who convinced Damon to feed

"Stefan Salvatore"
to protect Damon, but yet he pretends not to care about Elena anymore. He then takes it upon himself to kill Klaus. He steals Klaus's family as retaliation, and uses them as blackmail, when that fails (the witches give Klaus the coffins when he threatens to end the Bennett line), Stefan threatens to drive Elena off Wickery Bridge with vampire blood in her system if Klaus doesn't get his hybrids out of town, Klaus agrees at the last minute. He and Elena get into a fight. In the season three finale, he kisses Elena. In the end, Elena chooses Stefan

they do love each other. Because of his addiction to human blood, Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series, which made him weaker than other vampires. In season two, Stefan starts to take small amounts of Elena's blood each day to mitigate its effect on him and to increase his strength. When Katherine returns it is discovered that she had always loved Stefan and not Damon; however, Stefan is in love with Elena and not interested in Katherine. Stefan starts to build a friendship with Caroline Forbes after she is turned into a vampire. After Klaus

would kill anyone else. Enzo, figures out that Stefan's niece, Sarah is alive and that Damon had thought that he had killed Sarah before she was born but Sarah was born before her mother died however, Stefan kept this from Damon and Enzo uses this against Stefan. Meanwhile, the vampires have another threat, a psycho killer, Kai. Added on top of that, Sheriff Liz Forbes (Caroline's mother) is diagnosed with cancer. Stefan supports Caroline through this in which they bond even more and share a passionate kiss however just then Liz dies. At the funeral, Stefan realises that he has

said he has ""natural chemistry"" with. Wesley stated: ""The dynamic of the characters is so interesting because they love each other, but they hate each other [...] There's always this thing in Stefan's head where he hopes that one day Damon can just be as normal and functioning as possible"". However, he also described their relationship as ""beautiful"" in their flashbacks from the past, because they ""loved each other so much back then"". Stefan begins a romance with Elena on the show's first episode, without telling her he was a vampire. She was later shocked to find out that he

was unable to resist the temptations of human blood and became severely out of control and addicted (later on known as the Ripper) to the blood, killing many people because of his lack of control and extreme bloodlust. However, Stefan learned to change his ways when he was taught to control it by a vampire named Alexia ""Lexi"" Branson, who later on became Stefan's best friend and companion. In 1942, Stefan enlisted in the Army to fight in World War II (4x08 ""We'll Always Have Bourbon Street""). After decades of absence from the town he called home, Stefan returned to

"Elena Gilbert"
to feed on human blood so she can fully transition into a vampire. Elena, after realizing Stefan's desperation to keep her alive, decides to complete her transition. Her relationship with Stefan ends, allowing her to begin a proper romance with Damon. Although, it is later revealed there is a sire bond between them. Sometime later whilst searching for the cure for vampirism, Jeremy is fed to the immortal Silas by Katherine. As a result, Damon used the sire bond to convince her to turn off her humanity, due to her incredible grief over losing her brother and the last remaining

Stefan Salvatore Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L. J. Smith's novel series ""The Vampire Diaries"". He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name. Born on November 1, 1846, Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864, at the age of 17, by Katherine Pierce, with his brother Damon Salvatore. On March 27, 2009, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of ""The Vampire Diaries"" as Stefan. He was the last main cast member whose casting was announced. Wesley has become popular with viewers. Carina MacKenzie of the ""Los

to believe that Stefan still loves her, however he rejects her. Later on, Katherine takes over Elena's body and breaks up with Damon so that she can get Stefan. After trying to woo him and failing, Stefan realises that Katherine is pretending to be Elena and Elena is with Nadia, Katherine's daughter. They rescue her somehow by killing Katherine and sending her to some sort of hell. Then Stefan volunteers himself to the travellers to give his blood as they needed doppelganger blood. Caroline and Enzo try to find and kill Tom Avery, Stefan's last doppelganger in order to save

171 years old, who develops a ""strong connection"" with ""tragic heroine"" Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev). Wesley described the young Stefan as ""naive and willing to ride whatever wave life threw"" him, because he was ""easily manipulated"" and ""innocent"" with a ""beautiful young soul"". However, Stefan at the age of 160 years has more wisdom in him. Stefan consumes animal blood, refusing to kill humans due to the guilt that he killed his own father. Damon on the other hand, does feed on humans. Stefan has a love-hate relationship with his brother, Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder). Wesley ""adores"" Somerhalder, who he

"Certified Credit Professional"
Certified Credit Professional Certified Credit Professional (CCP) is the Canadian designation awarded to professionals in the credit management field by the Credit Institute of Canada (CIC). A CCP designation holder is a member of the Credit Institute of Canada and is bound by that organization's Code of Ethics. The CCP designation was formerly known as the FCI, Fellow Credit Institute. Professional designation for credit management was instituted in Canada in 1929. The Credit Institute of Canada (CIC) is a non-profit professional association created by an Act of Parliament on June 11, 1928. The CIC provides credit management resources, education and

is mandatory for all CCP designated members of the Credit Institute of Canada. Credit Institute of Canada http://www.cga-canada.org/en-ca/Programs/Pages/ProfessionalPartnerships.aspx Certified Credit Professional Certified Credit Professional (CCP) is the Canadian designation awarded to professionals in the credit management field by the Credit Institute of Canada (CIC). A CCP designation holder is a member of the Credit Institute of Canada and is bound by that organization's Code of Ethics. The CCP designation was formerly known as the FCI, Fellow Credit Institute. Professional designation for credit management was instituted in Canada in 1929. The Credit Institute of Canada (CIC) is a non-profit professional association

"Cycling Canada Cyclisme"
(RCAAA). Cycling Canada Cyclisme Cycling Canada or CC (in French: ""Cyclisme Canada"" or ""CC"") is the national governing body of cycle racing in Canada. Cycling Canada Cyclisme is a National Sport Organization whose main reason for being is the organization and promotion of cycling in Canada. Cycling Canada also operates CAN-BIKE, a nationally standardized series of courses on all aspects of cycling safely oriented toward recreational and utilitarian cycling. Cycling Canada is a member of the UCI and COPACI. Cycling Canada, previously the Association Cycliste Canadienne-Canadian Cycling Association (130177116rr0001) is registered with Canadian Revenue Agency as a Canadian amateur athletic

Cycling Canada Cyclisme Cycling Canada or CC (in French: ""Cyclisme Canada"" or ""CC"") is the national governing body of cycle racing in Canada. Cycling Canada Cyclisme is a National Sport Organization whose main reason for being is the organization and promotion of cycling in Canada. Cycling Canada also operates CAN-BIKE, a nationally standardized series of courses on all aspects of cycling safely oriented toward recreational and utilitarian cycling. Cycling Canada is a member of the UCI and COPACI. Cycling Canada, previously the Association Cycliste Canadienne-Canadian Cycling Association (130177116rr0001) is registered with Canadian Revenue Agency as a Canadian amateur athletic association

"Conference on College Composition and Communication"
Conference on College Composition and Communication The Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC, occasionally referred to as ""Four Cs"") is a national professional association of college and university writing instructors in the United States. Formed in 1949 as an organization within the National Council of Teachers of English, CCCC currently has about 6000 members. CCCC is the largest organization dedicated to writing research, theory, and teaching worldwide. CCCC publishes a quarterly journal, ""College Composition and Communication"" (CCC), that seeks to promote scholarship, research, and the teaching of writing at the collegiate level. CCCC also co-publishes ""The Studies in Writing

"CCC Film"
Academy Award for ""Best Foreign Language Film"". With his large studio space less in demand and his staff already reduced from over 200 in the 1950s to 85, Brauner closed the studios and laid off his remaining employees in September 1970, afterwards working instead on occasional projects, such as """" in 1974, directed by Aleksander Ford; ""Eine Liebe in Deutschland"" in 1983, directed by Andrzej Wajda; and ""Hanussen"" in 1988, directed by István Szabó. He also continued to produce projects related to Nazi war crimes, such as ""Die Weiße Rose"" in 1983, directed by Michael Verhoeven; ""Europa Europa"" in 1990,

"Business Council of Canada (BCC)"
Business Council of Canada (BCC) Business Council of Canada (BCC) is a not-for-profit, non-partisan organization formerly known as the Canadian Council of Chief Executives (CCCE). It was established in 1976 as Business Council on National Issues (BCNI). Its members include CEOs of Canada's leading companies and pre-eminent entrepreneurs. BCC, and its iterations as BCNI and CCCE, has been described as ""Canada's most powerful lobby group"" with ""Canada's number-one free-market conservative"" as CEO for almost three decades. By 2016, BCC's 150 CEOs and entrepreneurs ""employ[ed] 1.4 million Canadians, account[ed] for more than half the value of the Toronto Stock Exchange, contribute[d]

"Confederation of Canadian Unions"
Confederation of Canadian Unions The Confederation of Canadian Unions, or CCU (in French ""la Confédération des syndicats canadiens"" or CSC) is a national trade union center, a central labour body of independent unions in Canada. The CCU was founded in 1969 by labour organizers Madeleine Parent and Kent Rowley to establish a democratic, independent Canadian labour movement free of the influence of American-based international unions. It has been a leader in the struggle for workers' rights and social justice for all Canadians and was the first labour federation in Canada to call for equal pay for work of equal value.

"Clinical Care Classification System"
Clinical Care Classification System The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) System is a standardized, coded nursing terminology that identifies the discrete elements of nursing practice. The CCC provides a unique framework and coding structure. Used for documenting the plan of care; following the nursing process in all health care settings. The Clinical Care Classification (CCC), previously the Home Health Care Classification (HHCC), was originally created to document nursing care in home health and ambulatory care settings. Specifically designed for clinical information systems, the CCC facilitates nursing documentation at the point-of-care. The CCC was developed empirically through the examination of approximately 40,000

"Canadian Society of Cinematographers"
Canadian Society of Cinematographers The Canadian Society of Cinematographers(CSC) (""French:"" Société canadienne des cinéastes) is a non-profit Canadian trade organization with over 500 members whose mission is to promote the artistic creativity and required skills for cinematography. Members of the Canadian Society of Cinematographers have achieved National recognition for their work in various areas of film: feature films, documentaries, television series', specials and commercials. Fully accredited members to this society are permitted to put the letters ""C.S.C.""or csc, after their names. The Canadian Society of Cinematographers hosts an annual Awards Gala in Toronto, ON that recognizes the accomplishments of Canadian

"The Fault in Our Stars (film)"
held up her script pages and just her eyes were peeking over them."" On May 10, 2013, Ansel Elgort was cast as Hazel's love interest, Augustus Waters. On July 23, Laura Dern joined the cast as Hazel's mother Frannie Lancaster, and Nat Wolff as Issac, Augustus' best friend. Wolff told HuffPost Live: ""It's exciting, I feel really lucky. The fact that I get to work with these super talented peopleI mean, that's part of the reason why, I'm good in the movie, that's the reason."" On August 14, Sam Trammell was cast as Hazel's father Michael Lancaster, and on August

The Fault in Our Stars (film) The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic tragedy film directed by Josh Boone, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, Nat Wolff, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen-year-old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls in love with Augustus Waters, another cancer patient, played by Elgort. Development of ""The Fault in Our Stars"" began in January

and Oscar winner A.R. Rahman will compose its music. Actress Sanjana Sanghi was announced as the female lead later that month. The Fault in Our Stars (film) The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic tragedy film directed by Josh Boone, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, Nat Wolff, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen-year-old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls

"The Fault in Our Stars"
17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with strong critical and commercial success. Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old with thyroid cancer that has spread to her lungs, attends a cancer patient support group at her mother's behest. At one meeting, Hazel meets a 17-year-old boy currently in remission named Augustus Waters, whose Osteosarcoma caused him to lose his right leg. Augustus is at the

me about ""The Daily Mail"" piece was that it was a bit condescending to teenagers. I'm tired of adults telling teenagers that they aren't smart, that they can't read critically, that they aren't thoughtful, and I feel like that article made those arguments."" In January 2012, Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, optioned the rights to adapt the novel into a feature film. Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber wrote the adapted screenplay. Josh Boone signed on to direct a year later, in February 2013. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen produced the film. Shailene Woodley stars as Hazel,

while Ansel Elgort plays Augustus. Nat Wolff was cast as Isaac, the friend who introduces them, and Laura Dern stars as Hazel's mother. Sam Trammell was cast as Mr. Lancaster, Hazel's father. On August 29, 2013, John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick, and on September 6, 2013, Green announced that Willem Dafoe would portray Peter Van Houten. Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which doubled for the novel's setting of Indianapolis, Indiana, with a few days in Amsterdam, before concluding October 16, 2013. The film was released on June 6, 2014, in

Hazel that he has tracked down Van Houten's assistant, Lidewij, and, through her, has managed to start an e-mail correspondence with Van Houten. The two write to Van Houten with questions regarding the novel's ending and the fate of the mother of Anna. Van Houten eventually replies, explaining that he can only answer Hazel's questions in person. At a picnic, Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam to meet Van Houten. While on the plane to Amsterdam, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel. Hazel and Augustus finally meet Van Houten but are shocked to find that he is a mean-spirited

drunk. Horrified by Van Houten's behavior, Lidewij confesses to having arranged the meeting on his behalf, angering Van Houten, who proceeds to insult Hazel's cancer, starting an argument and causing Hazel and Augustus to flee from his home. Then, they go to the Anne Frank House, where Augustus and Hazel share their first kiss. Later that night they have sex in Augustus's hotel room, the first time for both of them. During their intimacy, Hazel tells Augustus she loves him. Augustus confesses to Hazel that his cancer has returned. The two affirm their love and support for one another. Upon

following afternoon, they go to Van Houten's house, but are shocked to find he is a mean-spirited alcoholic. Lidewij arranged the meeting and their dinner without Van Houten knowing anything about it. Angered by his assistant's actions, he taunts Hazel for seeking serious answers to a piece of fiction and belittles her medical condition. She leaves, utterly distraught. Lidewij invites them to go sightseeing to make up for their ruined experience. The three visit the Anne Frank House, where Hazel struggles to climb the house's many stairs. They spend that night together in their hotel and have sex for the

"Ansel Elgort"
""The Fault in Our Stars"", opposite Woodley who would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. The film followed the story of Hazel, a teenage cancer patient, who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she subsequently meets and falls in love with Waters, an ex-basketball player. The film, directed by Josh Boone, was released on June 6, 2014. Elgort next co-starred in the comedy film ""Men, Women & Children"", directed by Jason Reitman and released in October 2014. In 2014, Elgort was named one of the best actors under twenty years of age. Elgort reunited with Chloë Grace

"Day of the Dead"
Day of the Dead The Day of the Dead () is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican heritage elsewhere. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. The holiday is sometimes called Día de los Muertos in Anglophone countries, a back-translation of its original name, ""Día de Muertos"". It

the parents' home with sweets, fruits, ""pan de muerto"", a cross, a rosary (used to ask the Virgin Mary to pray for them) and candles. This is meant to celebrate the child's life, in respect and appreciation for the parents. There is also dancing with colorful costumes, often with skull-shaped masks and devil masks in the plaza or garden of the town. At midnight on November 2, the people light candles and ride winged boats called ""mariposas"" (butterflies) to Janitzio, an island in the middle of the lake where there is a cemetery, to honor and celebrate the lives of

into the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar, about the beginning of August, and was celebrated for an entire month. The festivities were dedicated to the goddess known as the ""Lady of the Dead"", corresponding to the modern La Calavera Catrina. By the late 20th century in most regions of Mexico, practices had developed to honor dead children and infants on November 1, and to honor deceased adults on November 2. November 1 is generally referred to as ""Día de los Inocentes"" (""Day of the Innocents"") but also as ""Día de los

29, 2016, which was attended by 250,000 people. Frances Ann Day summarizes the three-day celebration, the Day of the Dead: People go to cemeteries to be with the souls of the departed and build private altars containing the favorite foods and beverages, as well as photos and memorabilia, of the departed. The intent is to encourage visits by the souls, so the souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living directed to them. Celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember funny events and anecdotes about the departed. Plans for the day are made throughout the

"Day of the Dead: Bloodline"
""World War Z""."" Campbell and Grobman held meetings with possible writers to figure out the best way to adapt the story. It began filming in June 2016. The film was originally planned to be released in 2017, although it was later announced that the release date had been delayed until January 5, 2018. The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 0% based on 6 reviews, and an average rating of 2.1/10. Michael Gingold of ""Rue Morgue"" called the idea of a remake ""a foolish and pointless exercise""

Angelitos"" (""Day of the Little Angels""); November 2 is referred to as ""Día de los Muertos"" or ""Día de los Difuntos"" (""Day of the Dead""). In the 2015 James Bond film, ""Spectre"", the opening sequence features a Day of the Dead parade in Mexico City. At the time, no such parade took place in Mexico City; one year later, due to the interest in the film and the government desire to promote the pre-Hispanic Mexican culture, the federal and local authorities decided to organize an actual ""Día de Muertos"" parade through Paseo de la Reforma and Centro Historico on October

"Day of the Dead (2008 film)"
provided the soundtrack, and screenwriter Jeffrey Reddick has a cameo appearance as an ill-fated police officer. In May 2008, in Leadville, Colorado, Trevor and his girlfriend, Nina, have a romantic encounter in an abandoned building. As they return to their respective parents' homes, they encounter a military roadblock. An angry man demands medical care for his child, revealing an outbreak has occurred. The teens meet Captain Rhodes and Corporal Sarah Cross. Soon afterward, Privates Bud Crain and Salazar show up, and Bud immediately falls in love with Sarah. Sarah and Bud visit her sick mother, and she visits her brother,

though the celebrators eat the food after the festivities, they believe it lacks nutritional value. Pillows and blankets are left out so the deceased can rest after their long journey. In some parts of Mexico, such as the towns of Mixquic, Pátzcuaro and Janitzio, people spend all night beside the graves of their relatives. In many places, people have picnics at the grave site, as well. Some families build altars or small shrines in their homes; these sometimes feature a Christian cross, statues or pictures of the Blessed Virgin Mary, pictures of deceased relatives and other people, scores of candles,

and an urn in which people can place slips of paper with prayers on them to be burned. Likewise, Old Town San Diego, California annually hosts a traditional two-day celebration culminating in a candlelight procession to the historic El Campo Santo Cemetery. The festival also is held annually at historic Forest Hills Cemetery in Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Sponsored by Forest Hills Educational Trust and the folkloric performance group La Piñata, the Day of the Dead festivities celebrate the cycle of life and death. People bring offerings of flowers, photos, mementos, and food for their departed loved ones, which they

indigenous Andeans had a tradition of sharing a day with the bones of their ancestors on the third year after burial. Today families keep only the skulls for such rituals. Traditionally, the skulls of family members are kept at home to watch over the family and protect them during the year. On November 9, the family crowns the skulls with fresh flowers, sometimes also dressing them in various garments, and making offerings of cigarettes, coca leaves, alcohol, and various other items in thanks for the year's protection. The skulls are also sometimes taken to the central cemetery in La Paz

Birthday
Birthday A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage. Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Mawlid, Buddha's Birthday, and Krishna Janmashtami). There is a distinction between birth""day"" and birth""date"": The former, other than February 29, occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the exact date a person was born (e.g., January 15, 2001). In most legal systems,

Birthday
birth day (e.g., when someone born on the 25th of the month turns 25 or when someone born on the ninth turns nine). An individual's Beddian birthday, named in tribute to firefighter Bobby Beddia, occurs during the year that his or her age matches the last two digits of the year he or she was born. In many cultures and jurisdictions, if a person's real birthday is not known (for example, if he or she is an orphan), then their birthday may be adopted or assigned to a specific day of the year, such as January 1. The birthday of

Birthday
Public Health, positive and negative associations with culturally significant dates may influence birth rates. The study shows a 5.3% decrease in spontaneous births and a 16.9% decrease in Caesarean births on Halloween, compared to dates occurring within one week before and one week after the October holiday. In contrast, on Valentine's Day there is a 3.6% increase in spontaneous births and a 12.1% increase in Caesarean births. In the Gregorian calendar (a common solar calendar), February in a leap year has 29 days instead of the usual 28, so the year lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365. A

"Happy Birthday to You"
Happy Birthday to You ""Happy Birthday to You"", also known as ""Happy Birthday"", is a song traditionally sung to celebrate the anniversary of a person's birth. According to the 1998 ""Guinness World Records"", it is the most recognized song in the English language, followed by ""For He's a Jolly Good Fellow"". The song's base lyrics have been translated into at least 18 languages. The melody of ""Happy Birthday to You"" comes from the song ""Good Morning to All"", which has traditionally been attributed to American sisters Patty and Mildred J. Hill in 1893, although the claim that the sisters composed

Birthday
assume control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardians over and for them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, though it varies by jurisdiction. Many cultures have one or more coming of age birthdays: The birthdays of historically significant people, such as national heroes or founders, are often commemorated by an official holiday marking the anniversary of their birth. A person's golden or grand birthday, also referred to as their ""lucky birthday"", ""champagne birthday"", or ""star birthday"", occurs when they turn the age of their

Birthday
country, has the same September and October peak with no corresponding peak in March and April. The least common birthdays tend to fall around public holidays, such as Christmas, New Years Day and fixed-date holidays such as July 4 in the US. This is probably due to hospitals and birthing centres not offering labor inductions and elective Caesarean sections on public holidays. Based on Harvard University research of birth records in the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29,

Birthday
and attempt to blow out the candles in one breath; if successful, a tradition holds that the wish will be granted. In many cultures, the wish must be kept secret or it won't ""come true"". Presents are bestowed on the individual by the guests appropriate to her/his age. Other birthday activities may include entertainment (sometimes by a hired professional, i.e. a clown, magician, or musician), and a special toast or speech by the birthday celebrant. The last stanza of Patty Hill's and Mildred Hill's famous song, ""Good Morning to You"" (unofficially titled ""Happy Birthday to You"") is typically sung by

Birthday
Jesus is celebrated at Christmas. Racehorses are reckoned to become one year old in the year following their birth on the first of January in the Northern Hemisphere and the first of August in the Southern Hemisphere. In many parts of the world an individual's birthday is celebrated by a party where a specially made cake, usually decorated with lettering and the person's age, is presented. The cake is traditionally studded with the same number of lit candles as the age of the individual, or a number candle representing their age. The celebrated individual will usually make a silent wish

Birthday
one becomes designated as an adult on a particular birthday (usually between 12 and 21), and reaching age-specific milestones confers particular rights and responsibilities. At certain ages, one may become eligible to leave full-time education, become subject to military conscription or to enlist in the military, to consent to sexual intercourse, to marry, to marry without parental consent, to vote, to run for elected office, to legally purchase (or consume) alcohol and tobacco products, to purchase lottery tickets, or to obtain a driver's licence. The age of majority is the age when minors cease to legally be considered children and

Birthday
of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are: According to a public database of births, birthdays in the United States are quite evenly distributed for the most part, but there tend to be more births in September and October. This may be because there is a holiday season nine months before (the human gestation period is about nine months), or because the longest nights of the year also occur in the Northern Hemisphere nine months before. However, it appears the holidays have more of an effect on birth rates than the winter: New Zealand, a Southern Hemisphere

"New York City water supply system"
closely monitored for pollutants; development upon this land is restricted. The DEP has purchased or protected over of private land since 1997 through its Land Acquisition Program. Water from both aqueducts is stored first in the large Kensico Reservoir and subsequently in the much smaller Hillview Reservoir closer to the city. The water is monitored by robotic buoys that measure temperature as well as pH, nutrient, and microbial levels in the reservoirs. A computer system then analyzes the measurements and makes predictions for the water quality. In 2015, the buoys took 1.9 million measurements of the water in the reservoirs.

day of drinking water to more than eight million city residents, another one million users in four upstate counties bordering on the water supply system, and visitors to the region. Three separate sub-systems, each consisting of aqueducts and reservoirs, bring water from Upstate New York to New York City: The latter two aqueducts provide 90% of New York City's drinking water, and the watershed for these aqueducts extends a combined . Two-fifths of the watershed is owned by the New York City, state, or local governments, or by private conservancies. The rest of the watershed is private property that is

a cost of over $3 billion, was built under Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx and filters water from the Croton River. The plant, which is bigger than Yankee Stadium, is New York City's first water filtration plant. It was built after a 1998 lawsuit by the presidential administration of Bill Clinton, which Mayor Rudy Giuliani settled under the condition that the city of New York would build the plant by 2006. The city had been studying possible sites for such a plant for more than 20 years in both the Bronx and Westchester. From the Hillview reservoir water flows

services provided by the water and wastewater utility systems of the City of New York. The five Board members are appointed to two-year terms by the Mayor. New York City's water system consists of aqueducts, distribution pipes, reservoirs, and water tunnels that channel drinking water to residents and visitors. A comprehensive raised-relief map of the system is on display at the Queens Museum of Art. Until the early 21st century, some places in southeastern Queens received their water from local wells of the former Jamaica Water Supply Company. The water system has a storage capacity of and provides over per

New York City water supply system New York City's water supply system is one of the most extensive municipal water systems in the world. This complex system relies on a combination of aqueducts, reservoirs, and tunnels to meet the daily needs of New York City's more than eight million residents and its many visitors. Thanks to well-protected wilderness watersheds, New York's water treatment process is simpler than in other American cities. One advantage of the system is that 95% of the total water supply is supplied by gravity. The other 5% needs to be pumped to maintain pressure, but this

"New York City"
and 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to climate change, beginning with a comprehensive ""Green Buildings"" plan. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The city's municipal water system is the largest in the United States, moving over one billion gallons of water per day. The Croton Watershed north of

is sometimes increased in times of drought when the reservoirs are at lower than normal levels. The city has sought to restrict development throughout its watershed. One of its largest watershed protection programs is the Land Acquisition Program, under which the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has purchased or protected, through conservation easement, over since 1997. Responsibility for the city water supply is shared among three institutions: the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (""DEP""), which operates and maintains the system and is responsible for investment planning; the New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority (""NYW""),

"New York Harbor"
New York Harbor New York Harbor, part of the Port of New York and New Jersey, is at the mouth of the Hudson River where it empties into New York Bay and into the Atlantic Ocean at the East Coast of the United States. It is one of the largest natural harbors in the world. Although the United States Board on Geographic Names does not use the term, ""New York Harbor"" has important historical, governmental, commercial, and ecological usages. The original population of the 16th century New York Harbor, the Lenape, used the waterways for fishing and travel. In 1524

by gravity to three tunnels under New York City. Water rises again to the surface under natural pressure, through a number of shafts. The three tunnels are: The distribution system is made up of an extensive grid of water mains stretching approximately . , it costs the city $140 million to maintain these mains. There are 965 water sampling stations in New York City. The water-sampling system has been in use since 1997. They consist of small cast-iron boxes with spigots inside them, raised above the ground. Scientists from the city measure water from 50 stations every day. The samples

"Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States"
New York City was one of the first cities in the U.S. to tap water resources outside the city limits. It dammed the Croton River in Westchester County, New York, and built an aqueduct from the reservoir to the city. Also in 1842, construction was completed on Chicago's first water works, with water mains made of cedar and a water intake located about into Lake Michigan. In 1848, Boston began construction of a water transmission system. A tributary of the Sudbury River was impounded creating Lake Cochituate, from where the Cochituate Aqueduct transported water to the Brookline Reservoir that fed

"2018 Citrus Bowl"
2018 Citrus Bowl The 2018 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2018, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. This was the 72nd edition of a game that has been played annually since 1946, under several different names. It was one of the 2017–18 NCAA football bowl games concluding the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was nationally televised on ABC. Sponsored by Overton's, a boating and marine supply retailer, the game was officially known as the Citrus Bowl presented by Overton's. The game featured the independent Notre Dame Fighting

"Citrus Bowl"
Wings (2015–2017) and Overton's (2018). Presently, it is being sponsored by VRBO, a vacation rental marketplace, and is known as the VRBO Citrus Bowl. Since becoming one of the premier bowls, the Citrus Bowl is typically played at 1 p.m. EST on New Year's Day, immediately before the Rose Bowl, both of which have been televised on ESPN since 2011. When January 1 is a Sunday, the game has been played on January 2 or December 31, to avoid conflicting with the National Football League schedule. , at $4.25 million per team, it has the largest payout of all the

of the AP Poll at the time they played. LSU came into the game with a 9–3 record overall, 6–2 in the SEC. Their two SEC losses were to Mississippi State and Alabama (who was ranked number one in the AP Poll at the time). Their one non-conference loss was to Troy of the Sun Belt Conference. 2018 Citrus Bowl The 2018 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2018, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. This was the 72nd edition of a game that has been played annually since 1946, under several

Phillips Center for the Performing Arts, and to upgrade the Citrus Bowl stadium. Following the 2014 game, Capital One ceased its sponsorship of the bowl, and moved its sponsorship to the Orange Bowl. Buffalo Wild Wings was announced as the new title sponsor of the bowl game in 2014. Buffalo Wild Wings had previously been the title sponsor of what is now the Cactus Bowl. In the offseason of 2017, Buffalo Wild Wings ceased sponsoring the bowl as the search for a new sponsor is ongoing. The 2016 season game was played on December 31, the first time in 30

with one at-large bid. In an unexpected and unprecedented move, game officials decided to invite the Florida Gators, and move the game to Florida Field in Gainesville, the Gators' home stadium. The larger stadium would be needed to accommodate the large crowd expected. The move required special permission from the NCAA, and special accommodations were made. Both teams would be headquartered in Orlando for the week, and spend most of their time there, including practices, and would be bused up to Gainesville. The participants were greeted with an unexpected event, a near-record low temperature of 25 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 degrees

total appearances). Records are based on a team's conference affiliation at the time the game was played.<br> For example, Penn State has appeared both as a Big Ten team and as an Independent team. Most editions of the Citrus Bowl have been televised by ABC, who is the current broadcaster. ESPN televised the game in 2011 and 2012, NBC televised it in 1984 and 1985, and Mizlou televised it in 1982. Broadcast information for the bowl's early years is incomplete. Citrus Bowl The Citrus Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida.

"2016 Citrus Bowl (December)"
was chosen from the SEC and Louisville was chosen from the ACC. 2016 Citrus Bowl (December) The 2016 Citrus Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played on December 31, 2016 at the Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 71st edition of the Citrus Bowl, it was one of the 2016-17 NCAA football bowl games concluding the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was nationally televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and was officially titled the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. Teams were selected from the SEC

Citrus Bowl The Citrus Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group that also organizes the Camping World Bowl and Florida Classic. The game was first played as the Tangerine Bowl in 1947 before being renamed as the Florida Citrus Bowl in 1983. When Capital One was the game's title sponsor between 2001 to 2014, the game was referred to simply as the Capital One Bowl from 2003 to 2014. Other previous sponsors include CompUSA (1994–1999), Ourhouse.com (2000), and Buffalo Wild

"2019 Citrus Bowl"
2019 Citrus Bowl The 2019 Citrus Bowl is a college football bowl game that will be played on January 1, 2019. It will be the 73rd edition of what is now the Citrus Bowl, and will be one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by VRBO, a vacation rental marketplace owned by HomeAway, the game will officially be known as the VRBO Citrus Bowl. The game will be played between the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference and the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The teams have previously met

"2015 Citrus Bowl"
2015 Citrus Bowl The 2015 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2015 at the Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The 69th edition was one of the 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games that conclude the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game started at approximately 1:00 p.m. EST and was televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and is officially known at the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. The Minnesota Golden Gophers represented the Big Ten Conference, and the Missouri Tigers represented the Southeastern Conference.

"The Quiet Man"
the Academy Award for Best Director for John Ford, his fourth, and for Best Cinematography. In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". In the 1920s, Sean Thornton (John Wayne), an Irish-born American from Pittsburgh, travels to Ireland to reclaim his family's farm and his birthplace in Inisfree. He meets and falls in love with the fiery Mary Kate Danaher (Maureen O'Hara), the sister of the bullying, loud-mouthed landowner Squire ""Red"" Will Danaher (Victor McLaglen). Danaher, who had wanted the farm

"The Quiet American"
""third force in Vietnam"". It was adapted as two different movies, one in 1958 and another in 2002. Thomas Fowler is a British journalist in his fifties who has covered the French war in Vietnam for more than two years. He meets a young American idealist named Alden Pyle, a CIA agent working undercover. Pyle lives his life and forms his opinions based on foreign policy books written by York Harding with no real experience in Southeast Asia matters. Harding's theory is that neither communism nor colonialism are proper in foreign lands like Vietnam, but rather a ""Third Force""—usually a

discussion of Blaise Pascal. But they are divided by the differences of their faith: Vigot is a Roman Catholic and Fowler an atheist. The novel was popular in England and over the years has achieved notable status, being adapted into films in 1958 and most recently in 2002 by Miramax, featuring Michael Caine and Brendan Fraser and earning the former a Best Actor nomination. However, after its publication in the United States in 1956, the novel was widely condemned as anti-American. It was criticised by ""The New Yorker"" for portraying Americans as murderers, largely based on one scene in which

Irish language can be heard. Filming commenced on June 7, 1951. All of the outdoor scenes were shot on location in Ireland in County Mayo and County Galway. The inside scenes were filmed toward the end of July at the Republic Studios in Hollywood. The story is set in the fictitious community of Inisfree. This is not the same as the Lake Isle of Innisfree, a place in Lough Gill on the Sligo–Leitrim border made famous by poet William Butler Yeats, which is a tiny island. Many scenes for the film were actually shot in and around the village of

"The Quiet War (novel)"
McAuley: his latest novel deftly combines bold characterisation, a thorough understanding of political complexity, and excellent science - in this case the biology of terraforming. It's the 23rd century and humanity has split into two competing blocs: the citizens of Earth, ruled by a few powerful families, and the Outers, the descendants of dissidents who fled the repressive regimes of Earth and settled on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. After a slow start, the novel picks up pace to present a future that is wondrous yet marred by human frailty"". Abigail Nussbaum of ""Strange Horizons"" wrote ""between the flatness

90% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the critical consensus stated as, ""Director John Ford and star John Wayne depart the Western for the Irish countryside, and the result is a beautifully photographed, often comedic romance."" The film was also a financial success, grossing $3.8 million in its first year of release. This was among the top ten grosses of the year. It was the seventh most popular film for British audiences in 1952. It was first released on DVD December 14, 1998 by Artisan Home Entertainment. It was also released 4 years later on a Collector's edition DVD on

"A Quiet Place (film)"
to be released on May 15, 2020. Over three months in 2020, most of Earth's human and animal populations have been wiped out by sightless creatures of unknown origin. The creatures, attacking anything that makes noise, have hypersensitive hearing and indestructible, armored skin. The Abbott familywife Evelyn, husband Lee, congenitally deaf daughter Regan, and sons Marcus and Beausilently scavenge for supplies in a deserted town. While out in the open, the family communicates with American Sign Language (ASL). Four-year-old Beau is drawn to a battery-powered space shuttle toy, but Lee takes it away due to the noise it would make.

"The Quiet American (2002 film)"
is set in 1952 in Saigon, Vietnam (French Indochina at that time), toward the end of the First Indochina War (1946-1954) in which French forces fought the Communist-led Viet Minh rebels. On one level, ""The Quiet American"" is a love story about the triangle that develops between Thomas Fowler, a British journalist in his fifties; a young American idealist, supposedly an aid worker, named Alden Pyle; and Phuong, a Vietnamese woman. On another level it is also about the growing American involvement that led to the full-scale American war in Vietnam. Thomas Fowler (Michael Caine), who narrates the story, is

"The Quiet Gentleman"
The Quiet Gentleman The Quiet Gentleman is a Regency novel by Georgette Heyer. Set in the spring of 1816, after the Battle of Waterloo, it is the story of the return home from the wars of the Seventh Earl of St Erth to claim his inheritance. The novel was published in 1951 and is unusual in that it incorporates elements of the mystery story as well as the classic romance. Gervase Frant, 7th Earl of St Erth, returns to his family seat at Stanyon, having inherited from his father while abroad with the army against Napoleon. Also residing at the

The Quiet American The Quiet American is a 1955 novel by English author Graham Greene. Narrated in the first person by journalist Thomas Fowler, the novel depicts the breakdown of French colonialism in Vietnam and early American involvement in the Vietnam War. A subplot concerns a love triangle between Fowler, an American CIA agent named Alden Pyle, and Phuong, a young Vietnamese woman The novel implicitly questions the foundations of growing American involvement in Vietnam in the 1950s and is unique in its exploration of the subject topic through the links among its three main characters – Fowler, Pyle and

"Rules of Engagement (TV series)"
and 100 episodes. The series finale episode aired on May 20, 2013. In June 2011, the series was picked up for syndication by local affiliates, The CW Plus, and WGN America, making its debut on September 10, 2012. On Wednesday, January 2, 2013, the series began airing weekdays on TBS at 2/1c. Shortly thereafter, it moved to the early morning hour of 6 A.M. throughout the week. As of May 2016, the series has left the line-up entirely. All 7 seasons were available for streaming on Netflix until September of 2018 when they were removed. In Canada, the series is

Rules of Engagement (TV series) Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5, 2007, to May 20, 2013, originally airing as a mid-season replacement. The series was produced by Adam Sandler's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television (SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights). Although the show received negative reviews throughout its run, it always earned reasonably good ratings, helping the show reach 100 episodes (typically the minimum needed for syndication) over seven seasons. Two couples and their single friend deal with

Engagement"" from its Thursday lineup, replacing it with the new sitcom ""Rob"" starring Rob Schneider. ""Rules"" would return to its Thursday 8:30 PM time slot on March 29, after ""Rob"" had finished airing its 8-episode order, resulting in a total of 15 episodes in season 6. On May 21, 2012, CBS renewed ""Rules of Engagement"" for a seventh season of 13 episodes to air mid-season, bringing the total number of produced episodes to 100. Season 7 began airing on Mondays at 8:30, starting February 4, 2013. On May 10, 2013, ""Rules of Engagement"" was cancelled by CBS after seven seasons

the complications of dating, commitment and marriage. It looks at different relationships in various stages, starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long-married couple, Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts, and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan (the latter added in season 3) as their still-single friends. They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at ""The Island Diner"". The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night, the first of seven episodes in its first season. The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the

on that night. It also marked the fourth night on which the series would air, with it previously airing on Mondays, Wednesdays (two airings), and Thursdays. On October 7, 2011, however, it was announced that ""Rules of Engagement"" would move back to its 8:30PM EST Thursday timeslot following ""The Big Bang Theory"", replacing new sitcom ""How to Be a Gentleman"" which was moved to the new Saturday time slot. The episode order was cut from the original 18, down to 13 (plus two unaired episodes from season five) on November 14, 2011. Effective January 12, 2012, CBS removed ""Rules of

to prepare for the possibility of ""Two and a Half Men"" going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen's real-life issues, taking the episode order to 26. Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season. On May 17, 2011, the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011. One day later, CBS announced that ""Rules of Engagement"" would move to Saturday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central as part of the network's new ""Comedytime Saturday"" block; the first time in six years that an original CBS program would air

that this season would start in September, in contrast to its usual midseason start, and received an expanded 24-episode order. (The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full-season order.) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights, usually in the 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central time slot following ""How I Met Your Mother"". Then on February 24, 2011, the series moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central, following ""The Big Bang Theory"", after the cancellation of ""$h*! My Dad Says"". On January 31, 2011, CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series

show. The series was renewed for a second season, which began as a mid-season replacement for ""The New Adventures of Old Christine"" on Monday, September 24, 2007, with production halted after nine episodes on November 6, 2007, in the wake of a writers' strike. After the strike ended, CBS announced that the show would return April 14, 2008, with a further six episodes. Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010. On May 18, 2010, it was announced that CBS had renewed ""Rules of Engagement"" for a 5th season. It was later announced

season, and are included in the fifth season collection. Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS. Polish channel TVN started filming its own version of the show, called ""Reguły Gry"" (literally meaning ""Rules of the Game"" in Polish). It premiered on 16 February 2012 on TVN sister channel TVN 7 as its first original production. Rules of Engagement (TV series) Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5, 2007, to May 20, 2013, originally airing as a mid-season

syndicated on CMT. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1. The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com. Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012. The seventh and final season has not yet been released on DVD and it is unknown whether the series will see completion on DVD. However, the entire series is available to purchase and download from amazon.com and the iTunes Store. Paramount Pictures,

"Kelly Reno"
Kelly Reno Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966 raised in Pueblo Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey (after responding to an open casting call), the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with an Arabian horse, in ""The Black Stallion"" (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977. Reno did nearly all of the action scenes in the movie. Reno also appeared in the 1983 film adaptation of ""The Black Stallion Returns"", alongside Vincent Spano. Reno's acting career was cut

"Alec Baldwin"
Alec Baldwin Alexander Rae ""Alec"" Baldwin III (born April 3, 1958) is an American actor, writer, producer, and comedian. A member of the Baldwin family, he is the eldest of the four Baldwin brothers, all actors. Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama ""Knots Landing"", in the role of Joshua Rush. He has played both leading and supporting roles in films such as the horror comedy fantasy film ""Beetlejuice"" (1988), as Jack Ryan in the action thriller ""The Hunt for Red October"" (1990), the romantic comedy ""The Marrying Man"" (1991), the drama

"Mark Greenstreet"
Mark Greenstreet Mark Greenstreet (born 19 April 1960) is a British actor who first came to prominence in the 1985 BBC television serial ""Brat Farrar"". First and foremost a stage actor, Greenstreet played many of the great leading roles from the works of Shakespeare, Chekhov and Ibsen to Orton, Wilde and Coward in the UK and around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. His most high-profile screen role is probably the part of Mike Hardy in the BBC horseracing drama ""Trainer"", which was shown from 1991 to 1992. In 1986 he auditioned for the part of James Bond in

"Tom Cullen"
whom he met filming the Channel 4 miniseries ""World Without End"". They reside together in Los Angeles, California. Tom Cullen Tom Cullen (born 17 July 1985) is a Welsh actor. He had roles in the independent film ""Weekend"" (2011), as Anthony ""Tony"" Foyle, Viscount Gillingham in the television series ""Downton Abbey"", and as Sir Landry in the historical drama series ""Knightfall"". Cullen was born in Aberystwyth. His father is Irish and his mother is English. He spent his early years in Llandrindod Wells and moved to Cardiff at age 12, where he attended Llanishen High School. He is the son

"Johnny Harris (actor)"
Johnny Harris (actor) Johnny Harris (born 3 November 1973) is an English actor, screenwriter and producer best known for his roles in film and television, including """", ""Jawbone"", ""This is England '86"", ""Snow White and the Huntsman"", ""Fortitude"", """", ""The Fades"", ""Welcome to the Punch"", and ""London to Brighton"". He received BAFTA and Royal Television Society Award nominations for his performance in the Shane Meadows cult television series ""This is England '86"". Harris made his debut as a screenwriter with the 2017 feature film ""Jawbone"", also acting and co-producing. The production was backed by BBC Films and released in cinemas

"James D'Arcy"
James D'Arcy James D'Arcy (born Simon Richard D'Arcy; 24 August 1975) is an English actor. He is best known for his portrayals of Howard Stark's butler, Edwin Jarvis, in the Marvel Entertainment and ABC series, ""Agent Carter"", and murder suspect Lee Ashworth in the second series of the ITV series ""Broadchurch"". D'Arcy also co-starred as Colonel Winnant in Christopher Nolan's action-thriller ""Dunkirk"" (2017). D'Arcy was born on 24 August 1975 in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, and was raised in Fulham, London with his younger sister, Charlotte, by their mother, Caroline, a nurse. His father died when he was young. He has family

"The Black Stallion Returns"
The Black Stallion Returns The Black Stallion Returns is a 1983 film adaptation of the book of the same name by Walter Farley, and is a sequel to ""The Black Stallion"". It is directed by Robert Dalva and produced by Francis Ford Coppola for MGM/UA Entertainment Company. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Vincent Spano and Teri Garr. The portrayal of The Black was shared between Cass Ole, the horse from ""The Black Stallion"", and El Mokhtar. The story begins with several odd occurrences at the farm where the Black, Alec (Kelly Reno), and his mother (Teri Garr) live. A suspicious

"Oliver Milburn"
Oliver Milburn Oliver Milburn (born 25 February 1973), occasionally known by the name Oz Milburn, is an English actor. Born in Dorset, Milburn was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford, and then Eton College. Milburn played Matthew Bannerman in ""Families"" and Liam in ""Green Wing"". He has also been in ""Me Without You"", ""The Bill"", ""Backup"", ""Tess of the D'Urbervilles"", ""David Copperfield"" (as James Steerforth), ""Sweet Medicine"", ""Byron"", ""Born and Bred"", """" and ""Bodies"". Milburn also joined the cast of ""Mistresses"" in 2009. In 2011, he played the role of Edgar Linton in the film adaptation of Emily Brontë's

"The Black Stallion (film)"
The Black Stallion (film) The Black Stallion is a 1979 American adventure film based on the 1941 classic children's novel ""The Black Stallion"" by Walter Farley. But the film starts in 1946, five years after the book was published. It tells the story of Alec Ramsey, who is shipwrecked on a deserted island with a wild Arabian stallion whom he befriends. After being rescued, they are set on entering a race challenging two champion horses. The film is adapted by Melissa Mathison, Jeanne Rosenberg and William D. Wittliff. It is directed by Carroll Ballard. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Teri

"Richard Ian Cox"
Richard Ian Cox Richard Ian Cox (born October 3, 1973) is a Welsh-Canadian actor, voice actor, comedian and online radio host best known for his voice acting for English language dubs of anime, mainly for ""InuYasha"". Richard gained prominence for playing the character of Henry Dailey's (played by Mickey Rooney) teenaged traveller and horse rider, Alec Ramsay, in The Family Channel's ""Adventures of the Black Stallion"" during the early 1990s. Cox also gained fame for voicing Ian Kelley, the title character in the animated series ""Being Ian"" and for voicing Scattershot, one of the Autobots in the CGI-Animated series """".

"Pure Country"
Pure Country Pure Country is a 1992 American dramatic musical western film directed by Christopher Cain and starring George Strait in his acting debut, with Lesley Ann Warren, Isabel Glasser and Kyle Chandler. The film was considered a box office bomb, but it grossed over $15 million against a $10 million budget, and the soundtrack was a critical success and, to date, is Strait's best selling album. It was followed by two direct-to-video sequels, """" (2010) and """" (2017). The film begins with various shots of the audience chanting ""Dusty!"", which is repeated throughout. Meanwhile, the band begins, as the

Instead, it focuses on a young woman's struggles to become a country singer. George Strait appears as himself, but not as a central character of the film. A second sequel titled, """" was released for a direct-to-video on August 1, 2017. Pure Country Pure Country is a 1992 American dramatic musical western film directed by Christopher Cain and starring George Strait in his acting debut, with Lesley Ann Warren, Isabel Glasser and Kyle Chandler. The film was considered a box office bomb, but it grossed over $15 million against a $10 million budget, and the soundtrack was a critical success

his manager, Lula (Lesley Ann Warren), he decides to ""take a walk"", but does not say exactly where he is going or for how long. After shaving his beard and cutting off his ponytail, Dusty heads for the small farm town where he grew up, visiting his wise old grandmother (Molly McClure). Later that day, he visits a bar where he and Earl played prior to making it big. That evening, Dusty hangs around for some relaxation and discovers Harley Tucker (Isabelle Glasser) dancing and smiling at Dusty. Al, (Mark Walters), Harley's drunk and rugged friend, get into an argument

Rotten Tomatoes, based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 4.7 out of 10, and a 91% audience approval. On the television program ""Siskel and Ebert"" in 1992, film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert both gave the film a ""Two thumbs down"" rating, but their reviews were more mixed than negative. Both praised George Strait's performance citing it was very good, and he was a convincing actor in the lead, especially considering the challenges of a singer becoming an actor, and they both enjoyed Isabel Glasser's performance, but felt the film was undermined by a hokey story, and

Worth, including North Side Coliseum. The bar scenes where Dusty meets Harley were filmed at Western Kountry Klub, located between Midlothian and Mansfield Tx. Despite Strait's super-star status in the music world, ""Pure Country"" only grossed just over $15 million at the box office. Although the expectations had been higher for Strait's first major film role, this did not stop the soundtrack album from becoming the best-selling of Strait's career to date. The film also received mainly negative reviews upon its release, but critics responded nicely to certain aspects of the film. It currently has a score of 38% on

in the parking lot over Dusty, who neither have ever seen or met. Dusty, while drunk, comes to assist Harley with Al, who won't stop bothering her. Al punches Dusty and he falls to the ground. Harley brings him home, a reward for defending her honor. While Dusty is enjoying his new freedom, he misses his concert in Shreveport. A desperate Lula dresses her boyfriend Buddy Jackson (Kyle Chandler) into Dusty's outfit, and has him go on stage and lip-sync to Dusty’s tracks. Covered by lights and smoke the gimmick works. He stays on at the ranch, paying room and

board and taking roping lessons, all the while earning the respect of Harley's father, Ernest (Rory Calhoun). Ernest confides in Dusty that he is forced to slowly sell pieces of the ranch. Harley is determined to save the struggling spread with victory in a Las Vegas rodeo. Buddy confronts Lula after his ""performance"" and demands $100,000 and a recording contract or he will tell the media about Dusty's no-show. Buddy, is not granted his wishes, so he tells all the media outlets that Lula ""offered"" him the money and contract to keep imitating Dusty, which clearly is a lie. Lula,

"Pure (TV series)"
out in 2019. The cast includes: Though filmed in Nova Scotia, ""Pure"" is set in a fictional town called Antioch in southern Ontario, as well as the U.S. state of Texas and the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Pure (TV series) Pure is a Canadian television drama series that first aired on CBC Television in January and February 2017, and subsequently on Super Channel. The show stars Ryan Robbins as Noah Funk, a Mennonite pastor working undercover within an organized crime network in order to clean up a drug trafficking problem in his community. The show also stars A. J. Buckley,

smoke and the lights are turned on, we see Wyatt ""Dusty"" Chandler (George Strait) entering the stage, and performing ""Heartland"", ""Baby Your Baby"", and a shortened version of ""Where the Sidewalk Ends"". Dusty feels that his elaborate stage show is overwhelming his music, a suspicion confirmed one night when he purposely omits several bars of a chart-topping hit, ""Where the Sidewalk Ends"". When his fans don't even notice, Dusty cuts the performance short. After the concert, Dusty has a conversation with his drummer, and best friend, Earl. They reminisce on when they were kids, a time much simpler. Without telling

"Pure Country 2: The Gift"
Pure Country 2: The Gift Pure Country 2: The Gift is a 2010 American musical western film directed by Christopher Cain. It follows 1992's ""Pure Country"" and stars country music artist Katrina Elam. Bobbie (Katrina Elam) has a naturally beautiful voice and leaves her small town for Nashville, hoping to become a singing superstar. Before she leaves, her Aunt Ella (Jackie Welch) tells her she will succeed beyond her wildest dreams if only she never lies, is always fair, and never breaks a promise. As she prepares to board the bus, Aunt Ella gives her a locket (containing a picture

"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"
Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. The fourteenth season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction

a 14th season on February 10, 2017. It premiered on September 28, 2017, with a two-hour premiere. Ellen Pompeo announced that she would be directing several episodes in the 14th season. On April 28, 2017, veteran writer Krista Vernoff announced that she would return to the show as a writer after leaving the show after the seventh season. On January 11, 2018, ABC released a six-episode web series following the new surgical interns at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. The web series was written by Barbara Kaye Friend and directed by series regular Sarah Drew. The number in the ""No. overall""

column refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the ""No. in season"" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. ""U.S. viewers in millions"" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the

Jeanine Mason (""So You Think You Can Dance"") as Sam, Alex Blue Davis as Casey, Rushi Kota as Vik, Jaicy Elliot as Taryn, Sophia Ali as Dahlia, and Jake Borelli as Levi. On October 26, 2017, it was announced that Martin Henderson's appearance in the fifth episode titled ""Danger Zone"" would be his last. On January 31, 2018, it was announced that Candis Cayne would be joining the show as Dr. Michelle Velez for a multi-episode arc revolving around a transgender character receiving a ground breaking surgery. On March 8, 2018, it was announced that both Jessica Capshaw and Sarah

was announced she landed a starring role in Alan Ball's new HBO drama series ""Here and Now"". Hinton had previously been in talks of leaving the show at the end of the 12th season when she was cast in the Shondaland comedy pilot ""Toast"", but ABC passed on the project. Renewing her contract for another three seasons as Dr. Arizona Robbins after the eleventh season, Jessica Capshaw returned for the 14th season. On June 20, 2017, it was announced that Kim Raver would reprise her role as Dr. Teddy Altman for a guest arc. In August 2017, it was announced

in the ninth season, following her departure at the conclusion of the previous season. The season marks the last appearance of Martin Henderson, Jason George, Jessica Capshaw, and Sarah Drew as series regulars, as well as the first appearance of Jaina Lee Ortiz as Andy Herrera, the lead character of ""Grey's Anatomy""'s second spin-off series, ""Station 19"". On April 20, 2018, ABC officially renewed ""Grey's Anatomy"" for a network primetime drama record-tying fifteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set

that Abigail Spencer would replace Bridget Regan as Megan Hunt for a multi-episode arc this season. After recurring in the previous season as the controversial character, Eliza Minnick, it was announced in August 2017 that Marika Dominczyk would not return to the show. On September 13, 2017, another guest star was announced in Greg Germann (""Ally McBeal""), and later it was revealed that his character would be Tom Koracick, Amelia's neurosurgery mentor. On October 9, 2017, the new group of interns to join the cast in the fourth episode ""Ain't That a Kick in the Head"" was announced to include

"Grey's Anatomy (season 15)"
Grey's Anatomy (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on April 20, 2018, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The season premiered on September 27, 2018 with a special 2-hour premiere. The episode count for the season will be 24 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. This season is the first not to feature both Jessica Capshaw as Dr. Arizona Robbins and Sarah Drew as Dr. April Kepner since their introductions in

surprised to learn that one of her interns, Sam Bello (Jeanine Mason), is a ""Dreamer"" protected by (DACA). Meredith designs a plan to keep from being deported. Despite pleas from Andrew (Sam's boyfriend), Meredith sends to work under Dr Cristina Yang in Switzerland. While the research contest reaches the next milestone, presentation day, Catherine confronts Jackson about a major secret concerning his grandfather. The man had 13 cases of sexual harassment filed against him, and she herself paid the women major settlements to keep it all covered up. Meredith learns of this truth and also that Marie Cerone was one

interns. When Carina finds that Amelia has a brain tumor, she brings her former mentor/professor Dr Tom Koracek (Greg Germann) to create a treatment plan. But when he points out how the tumor has affected her judgment, she fears that it might have ruined her patient's lives or put them in more danger—specifically Dr Nicole Herman (Geena Davis), who despite saving her life, was left blind. After the tumor is removed, Amelia and Owen reflect on their marriage and decide that everything up to that point has been misguided; the tumor made Amelia someone she was not, and they ultimately

"President pro tempore of the United States Senate"
of another. This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949. Since enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947, the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the Secretary of State. The current President pro tempore of the Senate is Utah Republican Orrin Hatch. Elected on January 6, 2015, he is the 90th person to serve in this office. On January 2, 2018, Hatch announced that he will retire from the Senate at the end of his

Byrd (D-West Virginia) (2003–2007), Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) (2007–2009) and Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont) (2015–present). From 2009 to 2015, no senator met the requirements for the position. The position was created for Thurmond when the Democratic Party regained a majority in the Senate in June 2001. With the change in party control, Democrat Robert Byrd of West Virginia replaced Thurmond as president pro tempore, reclaiming a position he had previously held from 1989 to 1995 and briefly in January 2001. Thurmond's retirement from the Senate on January 3, 2003, coincided with a change from Democratic to Republican control, making Stevens president pro

"President of the Senate"
A Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Christine Kangaloo. The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (""ex officio"", for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of

U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789–1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has cast seven tie-breaking votes. In state governments of the United States, the presiding officer of the state senate (the upper house) is a matter decided by the state's constitution. Some states designate the lieutenant governor as president of the senate, while in other states, the Senate elects its own president. The Tennessee Senate elects a senator Speaker of the Senate, who is given the title

current term, January 3, 2019. Iowa Republican Chuck Grassley is likely to succeed Orrin Hatch as the President pro tempore, when the 116th United States Congress convenes, assuming the Senate continues with the tradition of electing the longest-serving member of the majority party. Although the position is in some ways analogous to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the powers of the president pro tempore are far more limited. In the Senate, most power rests with party leaders and individual senators, but as the chamber's presiding officer, the president pro tempore is authorized to perform certain duties in the

former vice president Walter Mondale, who sought his former Senate seat in Minnesota in 2002, is the only one to have tried. Andrew Johnson is the only former president (1865–1869) to have subsequently served in the Senate (1875). George J. Mitchell was elected deputy president pro tempore in 1987, because of the illness of president pro tempore John C. Stennis, similar to Metcalf's earlier designation as permanent acting president pro tempore. The office has remained vacant since 1989 and no senator other than Humphrey and Mitchell has held it since its creation. Mitchell is the only person to have served

as deputy president pro tempore who was neither a former president nor former vice president of the United States. The post is largely honorary and ceremonial, but comes with a salary increase. By statute, the compensation granted to the position holder equals the rate of annual compensation paid to the president pro tempore, majority leader, and minority leader. (See .) Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus has been given to a senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore. The position has been held by Strom Thurmond (R-South Carolina) (2001–2003), Robert

tempore and Byrd the second president pro tempore emeritus. Byrd returned as president pro tempore, and Stevens became the third president pro tempore emeritus, when the Democrats gained control of the Senate in 2007. While a president pro tempore emeritus has no official duties, he is entitled to an increase in staff and advises party leaders on the functions of the Senate. The office's accompanying budget increase was removed toward the end of the 113th Congress, shortly before Patrick Leahy was to become the first holder of the title in six years. Quoted in ""CQ Roll Call"", Leahy commented, ""[The

December 1980), who was the retiring senior member of the Republican Party, which would hold the majority in the incoming 97th Congress. Three presidents pro tempore subsequently became Vice President: John Tyler, William R. King and Charles Curtis. Tyler is the only one to become president (in April 1841, following the death of William Henry Harrison). While the president pro tempore does have other official duties, the holders of the office have, like the vice president, over time ceased presiding over the Senate on a daily basis, owing to the mundane and ceremonial nature of the position. Furthermore, as the

"United States Senate"
""senior senator"" is Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, who was sworn in January 3, 2015, and is currently 79th in seniority, ahead of senator John Neely Kennedy who was sworn in January 3, 2017, and is currently 95th in seniority. With the 116th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, who will be sworn in on January 3, 2019, will become the most-junior ""senior senator"", ahead of Martha McSally, who was appointed to replace retiring Jon Kyl . McSally will be sworn in after Sinema on January 3, 2019 . The Senate may expel a senator by a two-thirds vote. Fifteen senators have

what percentage of sunlight is captured by plants to convert it into food energy

"Solar energy"
water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis, green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000

light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most of the world's population live in areas with insolation levels of 150–300 watts/m², or 3.5–7.0 kWh/m² per day. Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the

Sunlight
to the surface. Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and to fuel the organisms' activities. Researchers can measure the intensity of sunlight using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer, or pyrheliometer. To calculate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground, both the eccentricity of Earth's elliptic orbit and the attenuation by Earth's atmosphere have to be taken into account. The extraterrestrial solar illuminance (), corrected for the elliptic orbit by using the day number

"Photosynthetic efficiency"
Photosynthetic efficiency The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction where CHO is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). The value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined – it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see Photosynthetically active radiation). It takes eight (or perhaps 10 or more) photons to utilize one molecule of CO.

Sunlight
direct irradiance from the Sun of at least 120 watts per square meter. Other sources indicate an ""Average over the entire earth"" of ""164 Watts per square meter over a 24 hour day"". The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative health effects, as it is both a requisite for vitamin D synthesis and a mutagen. Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach Earth from the surface of the Sun. A photon starting at the center of the Sun and changing direction every time it encounters a charged particle would take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to get

Photosynthesis
chlorophyll fluorometers. Actual plants' photosynthetic efficiency varies with the frequency of the light being converted, light intensity, temperature and proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can vary from 0.1% to 8%. By comparison, solar panels convert light into electric energy at an efficiency of approximately 6–20% for mass-produced panels, and above 40% in laboratory devices. The efficiency of both light and dark reactions can be measured but the relationship between the two can be complex. For example, the ATP and NADPH energy molecules, created by the light reaction, can be used for carbon fixation or for photorespiration in

is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 billion tonnes (91-104 petagrams) of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. However, not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis; photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis releases oxygen. This is called ""oxygenic photosynthesis"" and is by far the most common

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name ""photosynthesis"", from the Greek φῶς, ""phōs"", ""light"", and σύνθεσις, ""synthesis"", ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the

wavelength range, the theoretical maximum efficiency of solar energy conversion is approximately 11%. In actuality, however, plants do not absorb all incoming sunlight (due to reflection, respiration requirements of photosynthesis and the need for optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in an overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6% of total solar radiation. If photosynthesis is inefficient, excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. Energy can be dissipated as heat (non-photochemical quenching), or emitted as chlorophyll fluorescence. Quoted values sunlight-to-biomass efficiency The following is a breakdown

net leaf efficiency. Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots. Most crop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.). Photosynthesis increases linearly with light intensity at low intensity, but at higher intensity this is no longer the case (see Photosynthesis-irradiance curve). Above about 10,000 lux or ~100 watts/square meter the rate no longer increases. Thus, most plants can only utilize ~10% of full mid-day sunlight intensity. This dramatically reduces average achieved photosynthetic efficiency in fields compared to peak laboratory results. However, real plants (as opposed to laboratory

"Economy of the Soviet Union"
Economy of the Soviet Union The economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics () was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security. Beginning in 1928, the course of the Soviet Union's economy was guided by a series of five-year plans. By the 1950s, during the preceding few decades the Soviet Union had rapidly evolved from a mainly agrarian society into a major industrial power.

located in isolated rural areas in the Baltic states, Ukraine, Siberia and cossack lands. To distinguish ""capitalist"" and ""socialist"" types of property ownership further, two different forms of individual property were recognized: private property (частная собственность, ""chastnaya sobstvennost"") and personal property (личная собственность, ""lichnaya sobstvennost""). The former encompassed capital (means of production) while the latter described everything else in a person's possession. This distinction has been a source of confusion when interpreting phrases such as ""socialism (communism) abolished private property"" and one might conclude that all individual property was abolished when this was in fact not the case. There were

of 10. Overall, the banking system was highly centralized and fully controlled by a single state-owned Gosbank, responsive to the fulfillment of the government's economic plans. Soviet banks furnished short-term credit to state-owned enterprises. There were two basic forms of property in the Soviet Union: individual property and collective property. These differed greatly in their content and legal status. According to communist theory, capital (means of production) should not be individually owned, with certain negligible exceptions. In particular, after the end of a short period of the New Economic Policy and with collectivization completed, all industrial property and virtually all

several forms of collective ownership, the most significant being state property, kolkhoz property and cooperative property. The most common forms of cooperative property were ""h""ousing cooperatives (жилищные кооперативы) in urban areas, consumer cooperatives (потребительская кооперация, потребкооперация) and rural consumer societies (сельские потребительские общества, сельпо). Both the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later the Soviet Union were countries in the process of industrialization. For both, this development occurred slowly and from a low initial starting-point. Because of World War I (1914–1918), the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War (1917–1922), industrial production had only managed to barely

land were collective. Land in rural areas was allotted for housing and some sustenance farming, and persons had certain rights to it, but it was not their property in full. In particular, in kolkhozes and sovkhozes there was a practice to rotate individual farming lots with collective lots. This resulted in situations where people would ameliorate, till and cultivate their lots carefully, adapting them to small-scale farming and in 5–7 years those lots would be swapped for kolkhoz ones, typically with exhausted soil due to intensive, large-scale agriculture. There was an extremely small number of remaining individual farmsteads (""khutors""; хутор),

second economy in the Soviet Union. Based on a system of state ownership, the Soviet economy was managed through Gosplan (the State Planning Commission), Gosbank (the State Bank) and the Gossnab (State Commission for Materials and Equipment Supply). Beginning in 1928, the economy was directed by a series of five-year plans, with a brief attempt at seven-year planning. For every enterprise, planning ministries (also known as the ""fund holders"" or ""fondoderzhateli"") defined the mix of economic inputs (e.g. labor and raw materials), a schedule for completion, all wholesale prices and almost all retail prices. The planning process was based around

and final plans containing the specific targets for each sector of the economy. Implementation began at this point and was largely the responsibility of enterprise managers. The national state budget was prepared by the Ministry of Finance of the Soviet Union by negotiating with its all-Union local organizations. If the state budget was accepted by the Soviet Union, it was then adopted. Agriculture was organized into a system of collective farms (""kolkhozes"") and state farms (""sovkhozes""). Organized on a large scale and highly mechanized, the Soviet Union was one of the world's leading producers of cereals, although bad harvests (as

of the leading industrial nations of the world. Industrial production was disproportionately high in the Soviet Union compared to Western economies. However, the production of consumer goods was disproportionately low. Economic planners made little effort to determine the wishes of household consumers, resulting in severe shortages of many consumer goods. Whenever these consumer goods would become available on the market, consumers routinely had to stand in long lines (queues) to buy them. A black market developed for goods such as cigarettes that were particularly sought after, but it constantly underproduced. Under Joseph Stalin's tutelage, a complex system of planning arrangements

targets, which were then disaggregated by branches within the ministry, then by lower units, eventually until each enterprise received its own control figures (production targets). Enterprises were called upon to develop in the final period of state planning in the late 1980s and early 1990s (even though such participation was mostly limited to a rubber-stamping of prepared statements during huge pre-staged meetings). The enterprises' draft plans were then sent back up through the planning ministries for review. This process entailed intensive bargaining, with all parties seeking the target levels and input figures that best suited their interests. After this bargaining

economic administration. The task of planners was to balance resources and requirements to ensure that the necessary inputs were provided for the planned output. The planning apparatus alone was a vast organizational arrangement consisting of councils, commissions, governmental officials, specialists and so on charged with executing and monitoring economic policy. The state planning agency was subdivided into its own industrial departments, such as coal, iron and machine building. It also had summary departments such as finance, dealing with issues that crossed functional boundaries. With the exception of a brief experiment with regional planning during the Khrushchev era in the 1950s,

"2000 Summer Olympics medal table"
2000 Summer Olympics medal table The 2000 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 2000 Summer Olympics, held in Sydney, Australia, from 15 September to 1 October 2000. A total of 10,651 athletes from 199 nations (with four individual athletes from East Timor) competed in 300 events in 28 sports. Athletes from 80 countries won at least one medal, leaving 119 countries without a medal. The United States won the most medals overall with 93, as well as the most gold (37) medals. Host nation Australia finished

"2000 Summer Paralympics"
Paralympic Committee). The games were Australia’s most successful in history, with the nation achieving their highest medal count. Of the 149 medals won, 63 were gold, 39 silver, and 47 were bronze, from ten different sports. Ticket sales exceeded organisers’ initial targets, with 1.1 million tickets sold; nearly twice that of the 1996 Summer Paralympics. The Australian team had a number of notable gold-medal winning performances. Individual achievements included swimmer Siobhan Paton’s six gold medals in the 200m SM14 individual medley, and S14 100m freestyle, 50m butterfly, 50m backstroke, 200m freestyle, and 50m freestyle. She set nine world records in

"Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics"
Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics Australia was the host nation for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 628 competitors, 341 men and 276 women, took part in 270 events in 34 sports. Australia won its first Olympic gold medal in the sport of archery in Sydney. Simon Fairweather defeated all six archers he faced, including a comfortable seven-point victory in the final. Men Women The Australians' second appearance in the Olympic baseball tournament resulted in the team moving up one place in the rankings, from seventh to sixth. They defeated

"2000 Summer Olympics"
in international competition, had been unbeaten in all competitions in 13 years, and had not surrendered a point in a decade. Australian Cathy Freeman won the 400 metre final in front of a jubilant Sydney crowd at the Olympic Stadium, ahead of Lorraine Graham of Jamaica and Katharine Merry of Great Britain. Freeman's win made her the first competitor in Olympic Games history to light the Olympic Flame and then go on to win a Gold Medal. The attendance at the stadium was 112,524 – the largest attendance for any sport in Olympic Games history. In a men's basketball pool

to be held in its more traditional July or August summer slot. The final medal tally was led by the United States, followed by Russia and China with host Australia at fourth place overall. Several World and Olympic records were broken during the games. With little or no controversies, the games were deemed generally successful with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world. Sydney won the right to host the Games on 24 September 1993, after being selected over Beijing, Berlin, Istanbul and Manchester in four rounds of voting, at the 101st IOC Session in Monte Carlo,

Blanco Coaches: Anthony Klarica, John Olsen, John Gilman, Scott Arnold, Russel Johnston Australia competed in all of the sailing events at the 2000 Olympics. They won 2 golds, 1 silver and 1 bronze. Men's Double Handed Dinghy (470) Men's Laser Men's Tornado Men's Two Handed Keelboat (Star) Men's Three Handed Keelboat (Soling) Women's Mistral Women's Single Handed Dinghy (Europe) Women's Double Handed Dinghy (470) Mixed High Performance Two Handed Dinghy (49er) Australia was very successful in the swimming venue at the 2000 Olympics. They won 5 Gold, 9 Silver, and 4 Bronze medals. The biggest rivalry, both in the press

of New South Wales, Dawn Fraser, accompanied Samaranch during the Australian cultural display, explaining to him some of the cultural references that are unfamiliar to non-Australians. A record 199 nations entered the stadium, with a record 80 of them winning at least one medal. The only missing IOC member was Afghanistan (banned due to the extremist rule of the Taliban's oppression of women and its prohibition of sports). The ceremony featured a unified entrance by the athletes of North and South Korea, using a specially designed unification flag: a white background flag with a blue map of the Korean Peninsula.

programme featured 300 events in the following 28 sports: Although demonstration sports were abolished following the 1992 Summer Olympics the Sydney Olympics featured wheelchair racing as exhibition events on the athletics schedule. Special quarantine conditions were introduced to allow entry of horses into Australia to participate in equestrian events, avoiding the need for such events to take place elsewhere as had happened at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. These are the top ten nations that won medals in the 2000 Games.<br> The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee. Some other sources

"2000 Summer Paralympics medal table"
The location and facilities were shared with the largest event, the 2000 Summer Olympics, which concluded on 1 October. The Games set records for athlete and country participation, tickets sold, hits to the official Games website, and medals on offer. A record of 122 countries (or 123 delegations including independent athletes from Timor-Leste) participated; 68 countries won medals, of which seven won a medal for the first time. A total of 1,657 medals were awarded during the Sydney games: 550 gold, 549 silver, and 558 bronze. Among these performances, over 300 world and Paralympic records were set. The host country,

"Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics"
format with only two phases: heats and final. Because of the radical changes in the competition format, it was extended into an eight-day program and thereby continued into the present era. Swimmers from the United States were the most successful, winning 14 golds, 8 silver, and 11 bronze to lead the overall medal count with 33. Meanwhile, Australia had produced a total of 18 medals (five golds, nine silver, and four bronze) to claim the second spot in the tally. A total of fourteen world records and thirty-eight Olympic records were set during the competition. The following events were contested

"World War II"
marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with China by 1937, though neither side had declared war on the other. World War II is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From

World War II World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history,

"The Origins of the Second World War"
evidence for economic or political crises within Germany between 1937 and 1939 is very slight, if non-existent. Hitler cut German armaments plans by 30 per cent after Munich. He cut them again drastically after the fall of France and was reducing them even after the invasion of Russia. Indeed large-scale rearmament began only in the summer of 1943"". Taylor also argued that Mason was wrong in attributing National Socialism to Hitler alone, ignoring the responsibility of the German people, and that National Socialism was the cause of European instability, with Taylor viewing the instability as already present before 1933. Taylor

cities, killing 393,000 civilians and destroying 65% of built-up areas. The German government led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party was responsible for the Holocaust (killing approximately 6 million Jews), as well as for killing 2.7 million ethnic Poles and 4 million others who were deemed ""unworthy of life"" (including the disabled and mentally ill, Soviet prisoners of war, Romani, homosexuals, Freemasons, and Jehovah's Witnesses) as part of a programme of deliberate extermination. Soviet POWs were kept in especially unbearable conditions, and, although their extermination was not an official goal, 3.6 million Soviet POWs out of 5.7 died in

in the December 1964 issue of ""Past & Present"". Mason pointed to Nazi Germany's ""demonic urge"" and criticised Taylor for dismissing German economic patterns, such as the importance of rearmament and the objective of achieving autarky. In Mason's view, all these things required Hitler to launch a war: ""A war for the plunder of manpower and materials lay square in the dreadful logic of German economic development under National Socialist rule"". Taylor had ignored the interdependence of internal and external factors in the aims of German foreign policy. Taylor responded in the April 1965 issue of ""Past and Present"": ""The

1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously, and the two wars merged in 1941. This article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939. The exact date of the war's end is

"History of the Jews during World War II"
had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been forced to sell out to the Nazi German government as part of the ""Aryanization"" policy inaugurated in 1937. As the war started, of Jews took place originally as part of Operation Tannenberg against the Polish nation. The much larger and methodical mass killings of Jews began with the onset of Operation Barbarossa. Led by ""Einsatzkommandos"" and the Orpo battalions, the destruction of European Jews took place with the active participation of local Auxiliary Police including Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Ukrainian ""Schutzmannschaften"". Before the onset of war, the

in early 1935 when the Territory of the Saar Basin was legally reunited with Germany and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles, accelerated his rearmament programme, and introduced conscription. The United Kingdom, France and Italy formed the Stresa Front in April 1935 in order to contain Germany, a key step towards military globalization; however, that June, the United Kingdom made an independent naval agreement with Germany, easing prior restrictions. The Soviet Union, concerned by Germany's goals of capturing vast areas of Eastern Europe, drafted a treaty of mutual assistance with France. Before taking effect though, the Franco-Soviet pact was required

had achieved tactical or operational success. This decision was partially affected by the Western Allies' invasion of Sicily launched on 9 July, which, combined with previous Italian failures, resulted in the ousting and arrest of Mussolini later that month. On 12 July 1943, the Soviets launched their own counter-offensives, thereby dispelling any chance of German victory or even stalemate in the east. The Soviet victory at Kursk marked the end of German superiority, giving the Soviet Union the initiative on the Eastern Front. The Germans tried to stabilise their eastern front along the hastily fortified Panther–Wotan line, but the Soviets

Nazi camps during the war. In addition to concentration camps, death camps were created in Nazi Germany to exterminate people at an industrial scale. Nazi Germany extensively used forced labourers; about 12 million Europeans from German occupied countries were used as a slave work force in German agriculture and war economy. The Soviet Gulag became a ""de facto"" system of deadly camps during 1942–43, when wartime privation and hunger caused numerous deaths of inmates, including foreign citizens of Poland and other countries occupied in 1939–40 by the Soviet Union, as well as Axis POWs. By the end of the war,

"Royal Mint"
be faced with a heavy workload. Lack of space at the mint and with Decimal Day looming it became apparent that the mint needed to again relocate to a larger site. With a degree of urgency plans were made in April 1967 for a new site to be built outside of London, although over twenty sites were considered the small Welsh town of Llantrisant located north-west of Cardiff was chosen Up until now improvements at the Tower Hill mint had cost £800,000. Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and

was historically part of a series of mints that became centralised to produce coins for the Kingdom of England, all of Great Britain and eventually most of the British Empire. The original London mint from which the Royal Mint is the successor, was established in 886 AD and operated within the Tower of London for approximately 800 years before moving to what is now called Royal Mint Court where it remained until the 1960s. As Britain followed the rest of the world in decimalising its currency, the Mint moved from London to a new plant in Llantrisant, Wales where it

plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to £8

"Royal Mint Court"
the 1960s little of the original mint remained apart from the Smirke building and gatehouses. The Royal Mint was based at the site until 1967, when it began moving to its current site in Llantrisant, Wales. Minting ceased at Royal Mint Court in 1975. Two new office buildings were constructed on the site in the 1980s. Designed by Sheppard Robson, they were subsequently known as Murray House and Dexter House. This brought the site's total office space to 460,000 square feet. After the Mint vacated the Murray House building on the site it was used as commercial offices by Barclays

with the English Pound Sterling which caused the Edinburgh mint to eventually close on 4 August 1710. As Britain's empire continued to expand, so to was the need to supply its coinage. This along with the need for new mint machinery and cramped conditions within the Tower of London, led to plans for the mint to move to nearby East Smithfield. Located opposite from the Tower of London on Tower Hill, the new purpose-built mint began construction in 1805 and was completed by 1809. However it was not until 1812 that the move became official, when keys from the old

million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin-related acts, the ""Coinage Act of 1971"" was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint. After moving to Wales, the mint

act as an air-raid shelter and even accepted employment of women for the first time. For most of the war the mint managed to escape the destruction of the Blitz until December 1940 when three members of staff were killed in an air-raid. Around the same time an auxiliary mint was set up at Pinewood Studios which had been requisitioned for the war effort. Staff and machinery from Tower Hill were moved to the site in Buckinghamshire where it started production in June 1941 and operated for the duration of the war. Over the course of the war the Royal

Mint was hit on several different occasions and at one point was put out of commission for three weeks. As technology changed with the introduction of electricity and demand continuing to grow, the process of rebuilding continued so that by the 1960s little of the original mint remained, apart from Smirke's 1809 building and its gatehouses at the front. On 1 March 1966 the government announced its intention for the pound to be decimalised which would require a large-scale withdrawal and minting of millions of new coins, this, as well as commitments to overseas customers, meant the mint was to

Llantrisant
coins, moved from London to Llantrisant in 1967 in order to meet demand when the UK converted to decimal currency. The Royal Mint is now entirely located in Llantrisant after a phased move, and employs over 900 workers on its 38-acre site. In addition to British coins, the Royal Mint produces circulating coins for approximately 60 countries, as well as medals, bullion coins and bars. The Royal Mint has been in existence for around 1,100 years, first in the Tower of London, then Tower Hill, and now in Llantrisant. The Royal Mint also attracts tourists to Llantrisant to The Royal

of the public in the form of bars or coins. Historically the mint has refined its own metal, however under the advice of an 1848 Royal Commission the process was separated with the independent ""Royal Mint Refinery"" being purchased and operated by Anthony de Rothschild in 1852. The Rothschild family continued the refinery's management until it was sold to Engelhard in 1967, a year later the Royal Mint relocated to Wales and ceased their bullion bar interests until reviving the brand in 2015. Bullion bars produced by the mint are stamped with the original Royal Mint Refinery emblem and come

"It's a Bird"
Bird"" in 2005, in the category of Best Painter/Multimedia Artist (Interior). It's a Bird It's a Bird is a graphic novel released by Vertigo in May 2004. It was written by Steven T. Seagle, with art by Teddy Kristiansen. It is an autobiographical book, chronicling Seagle's thoughts as he tries to work out a new approach in one of the world's most popular characters, Superman. Steve T. Seagle was the writer of the Superman title from issue #190 (April 2003) to #200 (February 2004), including Superman 10-Cent Adventure #1 from (March 2003). The book deals with the presence of Huntington's

"The Birds (film)"
lit with narrow-spectrum sodium vapor lights. Unlike most compositing processes, SVP actually shoots two separate elements of the footage simultaneously using a beam-splitter. One reel is regular film stock and the other a film stock with emulsion sensitive only to the sodium vapor wavelength. This results in very precise matte shots compared to blue screen special effects, necessary due to ""fringing"" of the image from the birds' rapid wing flapping. The film premiered March 28, 1963 in New York City. The Museum of Modern Art hosted an invitation-only screening as part of a 50-film retrospective of Hitchcock's film work. The

It's a Bird It's a Bird is a graphic novel released by Vertigo in May 2004. It was written by Steven T. Seagle, with art by Teddy Kristiansen. It is an autobiographical book, chronicling Seagle's thoughts as he tries to work out a new approach in one of the world's most popular characters, Superman. Steve T. Seagle was the writer of the Superman title from issue #190 (April 2003) to #200 (February 2004), including Superman 10-Cent Adventure #1 from (March 2003). The book deals with the presence of Huntington's disease in Seagle's family, the implications of this disease on family

"The Birdcage"
from the show and replaced with ""Comedy Tonight."" The film opened on March 8, 1996, and grossed $18,275,828 in its opening weekend, topping the box office. It remained at #1 for the next 3 weeks before being derailed by the openings of ""Primal Fear"" and ""A Thin Line Between Love and Hate"". By the end of its 14-week run, the film had grossed $124,060,553 domestically and $61,200,000 internationally, eventually reaching a total of US$185,260,553 worldwide. The film received positive reviews upon its release, and as of 2017, the film holds a 79% approval rating on the review aggregation website Rotten

"The Bird of Time"
The Bird of Time The Bird of Time is a science fiction novel by American writer Wallace West. It was published in 1959 by Gnome Press in an edition of 5,000 copies, of which 2,102 were never bound. The novel is a fix-up of four of West's short stories that had originally appeared in the magazines ""Astounding"" and ""Thrilling Wonder Stories"". The novel concerns the adventures of the Martian bird-woman Yahna and Earthman Bill Newsome and the conflict between their worlds. ""Galaxy"" reviewer Floyd C. Gale received the novel favorably, calling it ""quick-paced and deftly written,"" but noted that the

"Birds of a Feather (Phish song)"
Birds of a Feather (Phish song) ""Birds of a Feather"" is a 1998 song by the American band Phish. It is the second track from their 1998 album ""The Story of the Ghost"" and was released as their twelfth promotional single by Elektra Records. The song is a funk rock song written by the entire band and lyricist Tom Marshall, and was influenced by Talking Heads. The song premiered on April 2, 1998 at the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, the first of the four shows in the ""Island Tour"". This show is available as Live Phish 4-2-98. Musically,

"Fire Birds"
plays his pilot instructor and senior ranked military officer during his flight training, while Young portrays his love interest. Production of the film was a co-production between the Walt Disney Studios and Nova International Films. It was commercially released under Disney's Touchstone Pictures label. The movie featured elaborate aerial stunt sequences, involving combat helicopters. ""Fire Birds"" premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on May 25, 1990 grossing a modest $14,760,451 in domestic ticket receipts. The film was met with negative critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas; generally due to its melancholy dialogue and striking plot similarities

"Birdy (film)"
project resurfaced in 1982 when A&M Films, a subsidiary of A&M Records, acquired the film rights and commissioned Sandy Kroopf and Jack Behr to write the script. Upon reading the script, Parker returned as director, and the film continued development at Tri-Star Pictures. Principal photography began in May 1984 and concluded in August of that year. Filming took place on locations in Philadelphia and Santa Clara, California. ""Birdy"" is notable for being the first film to be partially shot with the Skycam, a computer-controlled camera system created by Steadicam inventor Garrett Brown. The score was composed by Peter Gabriel. ""Birdy""

"Fly Like a Bird"
Fly Like a Bird ""Fly Like a Bird"" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, first released on February 13, 2006 by Island Records as the sixth single from her tenth studio album, ""The Emancipation of Mimi"" (2005). Written and produced by Carey and James ""Big Jim"" Wright, the song is influenced by Gospel, soul, and R&B music genres. Its arrangement is built on piano chords and guitar melodies, and features Carey's pastor Clarence Keaton, who recites two Biblical verses during the song's introduction and bridge. Carey described ""Fly Like a Bird"" as the most personal and

opening segment was clearly superior to the following parts. The Bird of Time The Bird of Time is a science fiction novel by American writer Wallace West. It was published in 1959 by Gnome Press in an edition of 5,000 copies, of which 2,102 were never bound. The novel is a fix-up of four of West's short stories that had originally appeared in the magazines ""Astounding"" and ""Thrilling Wonder Stories"". The novel concerns the adventures of the Martian bird-woman Yahna and Earthman Bill Newsome and the conflict between their worlds. ""Galaxy"" reviewer Floyd C. Gale received the novel favorably, calling

"Afeez Agoro"
he has had the problem of not finding his sizes for cloths and shoes in stores and had to rely on custom made wears and sandals. Agoro is still single as many ladies are afraid of his height and he has had issues attending public events especially due to the fact that he cannot fit into public commercial vehicles. Afeez Agoro Afeez Agoro Oladimeji (born 13 December 1975) is a Nigerian model, actor and reality TV Show Star recognised as the tallest man in Nigeria. He is 7 ft’4 inches tall. Afeez Agoro was born in the city of Sabo

Afeez Agoro Afeez Agoro Oladimeji (born 13 December 1975) is a Nigerian model, actor and reality TV Show Star recognised as the tallest man in Nigeria. He is 7 ft’4 inches tall. Afeez Agoro was born in the city of Sabo Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria on 13 December 1975 as the last child of three children for his mother who was the second wife of his late father. Afeez moved with his family to Akoka Yaba where he grew up and also had his education, he attended St. Finbarr’s College, Yaba. Afeez obtained his ordinary National Diploma certificate from the

"Hussain Bisad"
Hussain Bisad Hussain Bisad (Born 1975) is the second tallest man in the world, at . He held the record for the largest hands of anyone alive until Sultan Kosen took the record. His hands are 10.59 inches or 26.9 cm long. He has size 50 feet and weighs . Doctors believe that Bisad has a condition called pituitary giantism, that makes growth continue after most people stop developing. Expert in abnormal growth Professor Mike Besser, from Bart’s Hospital, Central London, said he probably has a tumour in the pituitary gland behind his eyes. Hussain Bisad is originally from Somalia,

"The Great Khali"
The Great Khali Dalip Singh Rana (born 27 August 1972), better known by the ring name The Great Khali, is an Indian-American professional wrestler, promoter and actor best known for his time in WWE. Known for his great height, The Great Khali was described as the eighth tallest professional wrestler in history in 2014 and the fourth tallest wrestler in WWE history in 2017. The Great Khali debuted in WWE alongside Daivari and had alliances with Ranjin Singh and Jinder Mahal, but spent most of his career as a singles wrestler and in 2007 became WWE's World Heavyweight Champion. Before

"Sultan Kösen"
Sultan Kösen Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish-Kurdish farmer who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at . His growth resulted from the condition acromegaly, caused by a tumour affecting his pituitary gland. His stature is such that he uses crutches in order to walk. In 2009, Kösen, a Kurd, lived with his parents, three brothers and sister, who are all of normal height. He was unable to complete his education because of his height, so instead worked part-time as a farmer. He describes the advantages of being tall as seeing a great distance

"Brahim Takioullah"
Brahim Takioullah Brahim Takioullah (born 26 January 1982 in Guelmim, Morocco) is a Moroccan man who formerly held the ""Guinness World Record"" for largest feet and is officially the second-tallest living person. Takioullah was born in Guelmim, Morocco, in 1982. At the age of 18, he had been asked by his school doctor to get a blood test, for his ""unusual"" size. Diagnosed with acromegaly, Takioullah, in a single year had a metre high growth spurt. After obtaining his university degree in geography, a French doctor brought Takioullah to Paris in 2006, for treatment. His treatment was successful as his

"Neil Fingleton"
and his two siblings. His funeral was held at Durham Cathedral on 17 March. Neil Fingleton Neil Fingleton (18 December 1980 – 25 February 2017) was an English actor and basketball player. He was the tallest British-born man and the tallest man in the European Union at 7 ft 7.56 in (232.6 cm) in height and among the 25 tallest men in the world. This title has been confirmed by the ""Guinness World Records"" in the summer of 2007; Fingleton took over from Christopher Greener who stood at 7 ft 6 ¼ in (229.2 cm) in height. Fingleton was born

on his pituitary gland. Rana became a naturalized U.S. citizen on 20 February 2014. The Great Khali Dalip Singh Rana (born 27 August 1972), better known by the ring name The Great Khali, is an Indian-American professional wrestler, promoter and actor best known for his time in WWE. Known for his great height, The Great Khali was described as the eighth tallest professional wrestler in history in 2014 and the fourth tallest wrestler in WWE history in 2017. The Great Khali debuted in WWE alongside Daivari and had alliances with Ranjin Singh and Jinder Mahal, but spent most of his

"Matthew McGrory"
Matthew McGrory Matthew McGrory (May 17, 1973 – August 8, 2005) was an American actor, known for his great height. He held the Guiness World Records title for tallest actor, biggest feet and longest toe. McGrory was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the son of Maureen, a homemaker, and George McGrory, an accountant. He studied pre-law at Widener University. He also studied Criminal Justice at West Chester University. McGrory grew to the height of and had size 29.5 shoes. He was over five feet (1.5 m) tall by the time he completed kindergarten. McGrory's large size led to appearances on

"Igor Vovkovinskiy"
Igor Vovkovinskiy Igor Vovkovinskiy ( (aka ""Igor Ladan"") born September 18, 1982) is a Ukrainian-American law student, interviewee, and actor, best known for being the current tallest person living in the United States, at , overtaking the record from George Bell. Originally from Ukraine, Vovkovinskiy moved to Rochester, Minnesota in 1989 (at the age of seven) to be treated at the Mayo Clinic. At that time he was already 5 ft 4 in tall and weighed 110 pounds. Most recently, he has acted in commercials and films, notably the 2011 comedy film ""Hall Pass"", and also became well known for

"The Glory Days Tour"
The Glory Days Tour The Glory Days Tour was the fourth concert tour and the second world wide tour by British girl group Little Mix, in support of their fourth studio album, ""Glory Days"". The tour began on 21 May 2017 in Birkenhead, England, and after stops in Europe, Oceania, and the United Kingdom, it ended on 26 November 2017 in London, England. The Vamps, Conor Maynard, Bronnie, Alistair Griffin, Ella Eyre, Sheppard, and Louisa Johnson were the opening acts on selected European dates, and Zoe Badwi, Jade Thirlwall's cousin, supported the gigs in Australia. Lina Makhul was the supporting

act for the entirety of the UK & Ireland leg of The Glory Days Tour. As the winner of the third prize fight on ""The X Factor"", Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017. Selected dates are part of the group's Summer Shout Out Tour across outdoor venues in the UK. They are not part of the UK leg of The Glory Days Tour. The tour grossed $42,000,000 after selling 810,810 tickets and became the 5th highest grossing tour by a girl group in history. The Glory Days Tour is Little Mix's 2nd entry on

venues and stadiums. The Vamps supported the European leg of the tour. Ella Eyre, Sheppard, Louisa Johnson all supported selected dates on the Summer Shout Out shows. Zoe Badwi, Jade Thirlwall's cousin, was the opening act for the shows in Australia and New Zealand. Lina Makhul, Jessarae, and Aleem all supported selected dates on the UK & Ireland leg of the tour, while Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017 after winning a prize fight on The X Factor. The tour's set list varied throughout its concerts. The Glory Days Tour The Glory Days Tour

beginning on 21 October 2016. Due to instant sell outs, extra dates were added in Newcastle, Belfast, Glasgow, Nottingham, Birmingham, and London. After overwhelming demand, the UK & Ireland leg was extended, and began on 9 October 2017 in Aberdeen, Scotland. European tour dates were announced on 21 November 2016, for May and June 2017, while dates in Oceania were added for July 2017 on 4 December 2016. On 13 January 2017 Little Mix announced an extension of the ‘Glory Days Tour’, entitled the Summer Shout Out. The shows ran from May to September 2017 throughout the UK in outdoor

"Glory Days (Little Mix album)"
Glory Days Tour was announced on 14 October 2016, and began on 27 October 2017. The European leg — which took place in May and June 2017 — was announced in November 2016. A leg in Oceania took place in July 2017. ""The Guardian"" called the album ""chart pop perfection."" In another positive review, ""Digital Spy"" wrote ""Little Mix have put together their most personal album yet, without sacrificing big hooks, a mainstream pop sensibility and plenty of sassy attitude."" The article continued by saying """"Glory Days"" hears four young women come together with a very real bond, making their

the top 10 list of highest grossing girl group tours of all time; the first being their The Get Weird Tour ranked at number 8.. On 9 September 2016, Little Mix stated in an interview that they knew when their next tour would be, but fans would have to wait for further details. On 14 October 2016, Little Mix released the dates for the UK & Ireland leg of the tour, beginning on 27 October 2017 in Sheffield, Scotland. Ticket pre-sales were made available to fans who pre-ordered their new album and began on 19 October 2016 with general sale

"The Breakers Tour"
The Breakers Tour The Breakers Tour is the fourth and current headlining tour by American country music quartet, Little Big Town. The tour is in support of their eighth studio album ""The Breaker"" (2017). The tour began on September 28, 2017, in Manchester, UK and will conclude on May 5 in Atlanta, Georgia. The set is largely composed of songs from the band's two most recent albums (""The Breaker"" and 2014's ""Pain Killer"") alongside covers and some of the best known hits from their back-catalogue. Little Big Town consists of Jimi Westbrook, Kimberly Schlapman, Karen Fairchild and Phillip Sweet. The

"Future Now Tour"
Tour of the Future Now Tour took place in North America across the United States and Canada from June 29, 2016 until September 17, 2016. Mike Posner served as the main opening act with the exceptions of Atlanta, Sunrise, Orlando, San Jose, Portland, and Seattle. Rich Homie Quan and Migos opened in Atlanta, Marshmello opened in Sunrise, DJ JayR opened in Orlando, and Chord Overstreet opened in Chula Vista, San Jose, Nashville, and Inglewood. Lovato and Jonas were scheduled to perform Charlotte and Raleigh, but cancelled over the HB2 law in North Carolina. Lovato and Jonas was also scheduled to

"Little Mix"
November 2017 that they would be undertaking the Summer Hits Tour 2018, with tickets going on sale on 30 November. It began on 24 March 2018 in Chiba, Japan, by headlining the POPSPRING Festival 2018. This is the group's first stadium tour. In February 2018, Pinnock announced that the group were working on their fifth album, set for release in 2018, and that there would be a tour to accompany the album. On 14 June 2018, it was revealed that a song by Little Mix and American DJ trio Cheat Codes, ""Only You"", would be part of the compilation album

"Harry Styles: Live on Tour"
On 8 June, Styles added 56 new dates in Europe, Asia, Australia, South America, and North America for 2018, revisiting many of the previous stops and playing larger venues. The opening acts for the tour were announced the same day, with Kacey Musgraves in the U.S. and Canada, Warpaint in Asia, and Leon Bridges in South America and Mexico. Due to high demand, additional seats were added in a 360 setup for the North American stops in 2018. On 29 November, Mabel and The Preatures were announced as the opening acts for Europe and Australia respectively. Styles exclusively wore custom

"History of music in Paris"
With the arrival of the twenty-six-year-old Jean-Baptiiste Lully at the court, the ballet began to take on a new dimension. Lully premiered his first Grand Ballet Royal, ""Alcidiane"", on February 14, 1658, with the entire court in attendance. The performance, composed of seventy-nine different tableaux, or scenes, lasted several hours. In the 1660s, Lully evolved the performances into a combination of ballet, singing, and theater. The performance of Molière's comedy-ballet ""Le Mariage forcé"" (""The Forced Marriage""), at the Louvre on 29 January 1664, included not only scenes by Molière and his actors, but several ballets, and also songs by the

Rossini made modifications for the French audience, changing it from two to four acts and changing Rosina's part from a contralto to a soprano. This new version premiered at the Odéon-Théâtre on 6 May 1824, with Rossini present, and remains today the version most used in opera houses around the world. Rossini decided to settle in Paris and became the musical director of the theater. With Rossini at its head, the ""Théâtre-Italien"" had a huge success; its company included several of the finest singers in Europe, including Giulia Grisi, the niece of Napoleon's favorite, Giuseppina Grassi; and Maria Malibran, who

first performed ""Nabucco"" in Paris in 1845 at the Théâtre-Italien, followed by ""Luisa Miller"" and ""Il trovatore"" He signed a new contract with the Paris Opera in 1852, and wanted absolute perfection for his next Parisian project, ""Les Vêpres siciliennes"" He complained that the Paris orchestra and chorus were unruly and undisciplined, and rehearsed them an unheard-of one hundred an sixty-one times before he felt they were ready. His work was rewarded; the opera was a critical and popular success, performed 150 times, rather than the originally proposed forty performances. He was unhappy, however, that his operas were less successful

"Opéra-Comique"
They were also given the right to use the name ""Opéra-Comique"". The first work officially given that designation was ""Télémaque"" (a parody of the opera by André Cardinal Destouches), which was first performed by the Théâtre de la Foire Saint-Germain in 1715. The words were by Alain-René Lesage, the music was arranged by Jean-Claude Gillier, and the orchestra consisted of 15 players. Lesage authored many of the early ""opéras comiques"", and composers like Gillier worked primarily as arrangers of existing music. In 1716 one of the troupes' leaders, Catherine Vanderberg purchased additional rights and began to present more original works

opera by Perrin, ""Pomone"", with music by Robert Cambert, was performed on March 3, 1671, inside a converted ""Jeu de Paume"", or tennis court, between the ""rue des Fossés de Nesles"" (now ""rue Mazarine"") and the ""rue de Seine"". It was an enormous success, running for one hundred forty-six performances. Seeing the success of Perrin's work, the official court composer, Lully, moved quickly; he persuaded the royal government to issue a decree banning any theatrical performances with more than two songs or two instruments without Lully's written permission. In 1671 alone, Lully wrote and presented five new operas. On November

leading singers of the day, Mademoiselle Hilaire and Signora Anna. However, in 1670, at the age of twenty-six, Louis XIV decided to give up dancing. As a result, Lully revised the format of the court ballets to please the King as a spectator, rather than dancer. For his new ""tragédie-ballet"", ""Psyché"", performed before the King on January 17, 1671, the performance included dancing, singing, acting, orchestral music, and immense visual spectacles created by stage machinery. At one point in the performance, three hundred performers were on or suspended above the stage, singing, dancing, or playing lutes, flutes, trumpets, cymbals, violins,

"Symphony in C (ballet)"
Symphony in C (ballet) Symphony in C, originally titled ""Le Palais de Cristal"", is a ballet made by New York City Ballet co-founder and balletmaster George Balanchine to Georges Bizet's Symphony in C (1855). The music of the ballet, which Bizet wrote at the age of 17 while studying with Charles Gounod at the Paris Conservatory, was lost and only rediscovered and published in 1933 (Stravinsky informed Balanchine of this). The premiere was on Monday, July 28, 1947, in the Théâtre National de l'Opéra with the Paris Opéra Ballet where Balanchine was guest ballet master. According to City Ballet docents

Opera on January 23, 1856. ""Coppélia"" was originally choreographed by Arthur Saint-Léon to the music of Léo Delibes, and was based upon two stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann: It premiered on 25 May 1870 at the Théâtre Impérial l'Opéra, with the 16-year-old Giuseppina Bozzacchi in the principal role of Swanhilde. Its first flush of success was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Paris (which also led to the early death of Giuseppina Bozzacchi, on her 17th birthday), but eventually it became the most-performed ballet at the Opéra. Napoleon III re-established the custom of concerts at the

Ciampi, Duni, Baldassare Galuppi, and Giuseppe Scarlatti, and also included music attributed to the French composers Jean-Louis Laurette and Philidor. Christoph Willibald Gluck was later to compose his own music for the work. His version was first given in Laxenburg, Austria, on 28 May 1759. Other settings were later composed for the Opéra-Comique by Bernardo Porta (14 February 1790) and Jean-Pierre Solié (30 November 1809). On 3 February 1762 the Opéra-Comique was merged into the Comédie-Italienne and occupied the Hôtel de Bourgogne, gaining in respectability what it lost in independence. The company was renamed to Opéra-Comique by an edict of

horsemanship. Only men danced, except in ballets given by the ladies of the Queen. Louis practiced several hours a day, and made his first ballet appearance in the ""Ballet de Cassandre"" at the age of thirteen. He was featured in the ""Ballet Royal de la Nuit"", at the ""Petit-Bourbon"" theater, on 23 February 1653. This court ballet lasted 12 hours, from sundown until sunrise, and consisted of 45 dances. Louis XIV appeared in five of them, the most famous of which saw the young monarch in the role of Apollo, the Sun King, appearing as the ""Soleil levant"" (""rising Sun"").

"Bill Burr"
Bill Burr William Frederic Burr (born June 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, writer, musician, producer, celebrity podcaster and social critic. He has released six stand-up specials. Outside of stand-up, he is known for hosting the ""Monday Morning Podcast"", as a regular cast member of ""Chappelle's Show"", playing Patrick Kuby in the AMC crime drama series ""Breaking Bad"", and creating and starring in the Netflix animated sitcom ""F Is for Family"". Burr also co-founded the All Things Comedy network. William Frederic Burr was born on June 10, 1968 in Canton, Massachusetts, the son of nurse Linda

"F Is for Family"
The show is a ""family comedy"" based on the standup of Bill Burr. Moreover, the show takes place in the 1970s, ""a time when you could smack your kid, smoke inside, and bring a gun to the airport"". Burr voices the Murphy family patriarch, with Laura Dern as his wife, Justin Long as his eldest son, Debi Derryberry as his daughter Maureen, and Haley Reinhart as his young son. The first season consists of six episodes, shown in a serial manner, written by Bill Burr and Michael Price. Price is best known for his Emmy and Writers Guild award-winning work

F Is for Family F is for Family is an American adult animated sitcom created by Bill Burr and Michael Price and produced by Gaumont International Television and Vince Vaughn's Wild West Television. The show premiered on December 18, 2015, to generally favorable reviews. Season 2 premiered May 30, 2017. On June 28, 2017, the show was renewed for a third season. On July 1, 2018, Burr confirmed season three. On November 30, the third season was released. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was announced in October 2014 as part of a partnership between Netflix, Gaumont International Television, and Wild West Television.

"Stuart Pankin"
Stuart Pankin Stuart Pankin (April 8, 1946) is an American actor and voice actor, who is best known for his role as the voice of Earl Sinclair in ""Dinosaurs"". He is also known for playing anchor Bob Charles in ""Not Necessarily the News"", and Orthodox Jew Ben Heineman in ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"", as well as making many guest appearances in many television shows and for lending his voice to various animated shows and films. Among his approximately three dozen films was ""Hollywood Knights"", and he starred in """" and its sequels, as Commander Plank. He also appeared in ""Honey, We

"John Hodgman"
John Hodgman John Kellogg Hodgman (born June 3, 1971) is an American author, actor, and humorist. In addition to his published written works, such as ""The Areas of My Expertise"", ""More Information Than You Require"", and ""That Is All"", he is known for his personification of a PC in contrast to Justin Long's personification of a Mac in Apple's ""Get a Mac"" advertising campaign, and for his work as a contributor on Comedy Central's ""The Daily Show with Jon Stewart."" His writings have been published in ""One Story"" (to which he contributed the debut story ""Villanova""), ""The Paris Review"", ""McSweeney's

"Michael Burger"
Family Channel and stayed on until its 1998 cancellation. Since then, he's acted in other television shows such as ""Less than Perfect"", ""8 Simple Rules"", ""Shasta McNasty"", and ""American Dreams"". Burger was the warmup comedian for the original TV Land sitcom ""Hot in Cleveland"" until its series finale in 2015. Michael Burger Michael Burger (born June 10, 1957) is an American actor, comedian, and television presenter. Burger was hired by Reg Grundy Productions to host a pilot for a show called ""Matchmates"" in 1985. The show, which was taped at NBC's Burbank Studios and intended to air on the network's

on ""The Simpsons"". The series is co-directed by Ben Marsaud (director of ""Counterfeit Cat"" & former storyboard artist on ""The Amazing World of Gumball""). The series has received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes the first season holds a rating of 82% based on 17 reviews, with an average score of 6.56/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""While the humor relies on vulgarity, the strength of ""F Is for Family"" is its substantial heart."" On Metacritic, the first season holds a score of 75 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating ""Generally favorable reviews"". F Is for Family F

"Paul Sun-Hyung Lee"
Paul Sun-Hyung Lee Paul Sun-Hyung Lee (born 1972) is a Korean Canadian actor and television host. He is best known for his roles as Randy Ko in the soap opera ""Train 48"" (2003-2005) and family patriarch Appa in the 2011 play ""Kim's Convenience"", as well as its television adaptation (2016-present). When Lee was three months old, his parents immigrated to Canada, living in London, Toronto and Calgary. In 1990, he moved back to Toronto to attend the University of Toronto, where he attended but did not complete the drama programme at University College. He had a supporting role in the

"Haley Reinhart"
EP, ""Holiday-o-Rama, Vol. 1 (Christmas Collection)"". Finally, Reinhart made her voice acting debut in the first season of the Netflix animated comedy-drama television series ""F Is for Family"", in which she starred as a young boy named Bill Murphy, a fictional depiction of Bill Burr as a child. The series premiered on December 18, 2015, to a generally positive critical reception. Specifically, Reinhart's character has been praised for providing a true focal point for the series and for the humor conveyed during his frequent inappropriate and awkward experiences. Matt Fowler of IGN opined that Reinhart's Bill Murphy provides the series'

"Henry Winkler"
Henry Winkler Henry Franklin Winkler, OBE (born October 30, 1945) is an American actor, comedian, director, producer, and author. He played the role of greaser Arthur ""Fonzie"" Fonzarelli, the breakout character of the 1970s American sitcom ""Happy Days"". He also starred as Sy Mittleman on Adult Swim's ""Childrens Hospital"", and as Eddie R. Lawson on USA Networks's ""Royal Pains"". Winkler also had notable guest-starring roles on ""Arrested Development"" as Barry Zuckerkorn and Dr. Saperstein on ""Parks and Recreation"". In 2018, he began appearing as Gene Cousineau on the HBO comedy ""Barry"". For his role on ""Happy Days"", Winkler won two

"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain"
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ""Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain"" (KJV; also ""You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God"" (NRSV) and variants) is the fourth of God's Ten Commandments to man. It is a prohibition of blasphemy, specifically, the misuse or ""taking in vain"" of the name of the God of Israel, or using His name to commit evil. Exodus 20:7 reads: Based on this commandment, Second Temple Judaism by the Hellenistic period developed a taboo of

of God to support the truth of apocalyptic revelations. God himself is presented as swearing by his own name (""As surely as I live …"") to guarantee the certainty of various events foretold through the prophets. The Hebrew is translated as ""thou shalt not take in vain"". The word here translated as ""in vain"" is ""shav' "" ""emptiness, vanity; emptiness of speech, lying"", while ""take"" is ""nasa' "" ""to lift, carry, bear, take, take away"" (appearing in the second person as ). The expression ""to take in vain"" is also translated less literally as ""to misuse"" or variants. Some have

The Gospel of John relates an incident where a group attempts to stone Jesus after he speaks God's name. Jesus says that he is the Messiah, and makes parallels between himself and the ""Son of Man"" referred to by the prophet Daniel, which evokes an emphatic response that he has blasphemed (broken the commandment) and deserves death. The Apostle Paul occasionally invokes God's name in his letters, calling God as witness to the purity of his motives and honesty of his dealings with the churches to whom he ministered. The author of Hebrews reviewed God's promise to Abraham as assurance

survives in our courts of law."" Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ""Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain"" (KJV; also ""You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God"" (NRSV) and variants) is the fourth of God's Ten Commandments to man. It is a prohibition of blasphemy, specifically, the misuse or ""taking in vain"" of the name of the God of Israel, or using His name to commit evil. Exodus 20:7 reads: Based on this commandment, Second Temple Judaism by the

pronouncing the name of God at all, resulting in the replacement of the Tetragrammaton by ""Adonai"" (literally ""my lords"" – see Adonai) in pronunciation. In the Hebrew Bible itself, the commandment is directed against abuse of the name of God, not against any use; there are numerous examples in the Hebrew Bible and a few in the New Testament where God's name is called upon in oaths to tell the truth or to support the truth of the statement being sworn to, and the books of Daniel and Revelation include instances where an angel sent by God invokes the name

interpreted the commandment to be against perjury, since invoking God's name in an oath was considered a guarantee of the truth of a statement or promise. Other scholars believe the original intent was to prohibit using the name in the magical practice of conjuration. Hebrew Bible passages also refer to God's name being profaned by hypocritical behavior of people and false representation of God's words or character. Many scholars also believe the commandment applies to the casual use of God's name in interjections and curses (blasphemy). The object of the command ""thou shalt not take in vain"" is """" ""this-same

prosper if they stop swearing by their idol and swear only by the name of Yahweh. To avoid coming under guilt by accidentally misusing God's name, Jewish scholars do not write or pronounce the proper name in most circumstances, but use substitutes such as ""Adonai (the Lord),"" or ""HaShem (the Name)."" In English translations of the Bible, the name Adonai is often translated ""Lord,"" while the proper name Yahweh represented by the tetragrammaton is often indicated by the use of capital and small capital letters, Lᴏʀᴅ. Joseph Telushkin, a Modern Orthodox rabbi, wrote that the commandment is much more than

an angel who swears by God to the truth of the end-time events being revealed to John. The Catholic Church teaches that the Lord's name is holy and should be introduced into one's speech only to bless, praise or glorify that name. The name should be used respectfully, with an awareness of the presence of God. It must not be abused by careless speech, false oaths, or words of hatred, reproach or defiance toward God, or used in magic. Since Jesus Christ is believed to be the Messiah, and ""the image of the invisible God,"" this commandment is applied to

prayer or religious study. The Sacred Name (Tetragrammaton), is never pronounced by these Jews but always read as ""Adonai (the Lord),"" ""HaShem (the Name),"" or sometimes ""AdoShem"". The Kaddish is an important prayer in a Jewish prayer service whose central theme is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, it is one of the most important and central prayers of Jewish liturgy. In his Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught that a person's word should be reliable and one should not swear by God or his creation. In his letter, the Apostle James reiterates

Supplication
Supplication Supplication (also known as petitioning) is a form of prayer, wherein one party humbly or earnestly asks another party to provide something, either for the party who is doing the supplicating (e.g., ""Please spare my life."") or on behalf of someone else. Supplication is a theme of earliest antiquity, embodied in the ""Iliad"" as the prayers of Chryses for the return of his daughter, and of Priam for the dead body of his son, Hector. Richard Martin notes repeated references to suppliants throughout the poem, including warriors begging to be spared by the Greeks on the battlefield. In Christianity,

"113th United States Congress"
113th United States Congress The One Hundred Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census. It first met in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January

"114th United States Congress"
114th United States Congress The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this

"111th United States Congress"
111th United States Congress The One Hundred Eleventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011. It began during the last two weeks of the George W. Bush administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. Census. In the November 4, 2008 elections, the Democratic Party increased its majorities in both chambers, giving President Obama

in 2016; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 2018. Listed alphabetically by chamber, including Chairperson and Ranking Member. Sources: , 113th United States Congress The One Hundred Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats

"112th United States Congress"
112th United States Congress The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. It convened in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008. Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census. In the 2010

"110th United States Congress"
110th United States Congress The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. Census. The Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held fewer than 50

the right side shows the ranking member of the committee. 111th United States Congress The One Hundred Eleventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011. It began during the last two weeks of the George W. Bush administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. Census. In the November 4, 2008 elections, the Democratic

"Members of the 110th United States Congress"
Members of the 110th United States Congress The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census. The Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held

"115th United States Congress"
115th United States Congress The One Hundred Fifteenth United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It meets in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Several political scientists described the legislative accomplishments of this Congress as modest, considering that Congress and the Presidency were under unified Republican control. According to a contemporary study, ""House and Senate GOP majorities struggled to legislate:

"Demographics of the 110th United States Congress"
Demographics of the 110th United States Congress The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census. In the Senate, there are 16 women, the highest number in history (Barbara Boxer, D-CA; Maria Cantwell, D-WA; Hillary Clinton, D-NY; Susan Collins, R-ME; Elizabeth Dole,

"Army–Navy Game"
at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980-2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field. In these games, Navy holds a 10-2 advantage, although the last game was won by Army. Only six games have ever been held on the campus of either academy, primarily because neither team plays at an on-campus stadium large enough to accommodate

Navy with a 21–17 victory for the first time since 2001. On December 8, 2018, Army beat Navy 17-10 to increase their winning streak in the series to 3 games. Army also won the Commander in Chief's Trophy outright for just the eighth time in the trophy's history. The American national anthem was usually sung by combined members of the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy choirs. Philadelphia has been the traditional home of the Army-Navy game. Eighty-eight of 119 games have been contested in Philadelphia including every game from 1932-1982 excepting three that were relocated

conference championship weekend. The game has been held in multiple locations, but outside the 1926 game in Chicago and 1983 game in Pasadena, California, it has been played in the Northeast megalopolis, most frequently in Philadelphia, followed by the New York area and the Baltimore–Washington area. The series has been marked by several periods of domination by one team or the other, with Navy's 14-game winning streak from 2002 through 2015 being the longest for either side. Through the 2018 meeting, Navy leads the series 60–52–7, but has lost the last three games. Army and Navy first met on the

for the travel expenses of all the students and supporters of both academies – 9,437 in all. The game was held at the Rose Bowl that year because there are a large number of military installations and servicemen and women, along with many retired military personnel, on the West Coast. The game has been held one other time in a non-East Coast venue, at Chicago's Soldier Field, which played host to the 1926 game. All games through 2020 will be held at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia. MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey will host the 2021 game. The

game occasionally had national championship implications. However, since 1963, only the 1996, 2010, 2016 and 2017 games have seen both teams enter with winning records. Nonetheless, the game is considered a college football institution. It has aired nationally on radio since 1930, and has been nationally televised every year since 1945. Some participants in the Army–Navy Game have gone on to professional football careers. Quarterback Roger Staubach (Navy, 1965) went on to a Hall of Fame career with the Dallas Cowboys that included starting at quarterback in two Super Bowl victories including being named the Most Valuable Player of Super

rivalries Army and Navy have with Air Force are much less intense than the Army–Navy rivalry, primarily due to the relative youth of the USAFA, established in 1954, and the physical distance between the USAFA and the other two schools. The Army–Air Force and Navy–Air Force games are usually played at the academies' regular home fields, although on occasion they have been held at a neutral field. Navy won 14 Army-Navy games in a row from 2002 to 2015, the longest winning streak in the history of the series. On December 10, 2016, Army snapped its 14-game losing streak against

Stadium hosted the game in 1930 and 1931. New Jersey has hosted five games; 1905 at Osborne Field at Princeton University and four games at Giants Stadium from 1989-2002. Maryland has hosted a number of games throughout the history of the series as well. In Baltimore, Municipal Stadium hosted the 1924 and 1944 games and M&T Bank Stadium has hosted four games since 2000. In Landover, FedExField hosted the game in 2011. The Rose Bowl is the only site west of the Mississippi River to host the Army–Navy game; it did so in 1983. The city of Pasadena, California paid

field on November 29, 1890. They played 30 times between that date and November 26, 1927. The series has been renewed annually since 1930. The game has been held at several locations throughout its history, including Baltimore and New York City, but has most frequently been played in Philadelphia, roughly equidistant from the two academies. Historically played on the Saturday after Thanksgiving (a date on which most other major college football teams end their regular seasons), the game is now played on the second Saturday in December and is traditionally the last game of the season for both teams and

after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy urged the academies to play after there had been talk of cancellation. Originally scheduled for November 30, 1963, the game was played on December 7, 1963 also coinciding with the 22nd anniversary of Pearl Harbor Day. In front of a crowd of 102,000 people in Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium, later renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium, junior (second class Midshipman) quarterback Roger Staubach led number two ranked Navy to victory which clinched a Cotton Bowl national championship matchup with Texas played on January 1, 1964. Army was led by junior (second class

meet again in 1964 as First Class where Stichweh's Army would defeat Staubach's Navy. In that game, Calvin Huey of Navy became the first African-American to play in the series. Staubach went on to serve in the Navy and afterward became a Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback with the Dallas Cowboys. Stichweh served five years in Vietnam with the 173rd Airborne Brigade. Stichweh was inducted into the Army Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. On December 10, 2016, Army defeated Navy for the first time since 2001 with a 21-17 victory snapping its 14 losing streak against Navy. Army–Navy

"Citizen Cope"
and newfound fan Ellen DeGeneres invited him to perform ""Healing Hands"" in April 2010. ""Let the Drummer Kick"" from his 2002 album ""Citizen Cope"" went R.I.A.A. gold disc status. Citizen Cope released his latest album, ""One Lovely Day"" on July 17, 2012. In November of 2018, Citizen Cope announced his first album in six years, ""Heroin and Helicopters"", arriving March 1st, 2019 on his own label RainWater Recordings. He released his first single from the album, ""Justice,"" on November 30th, 2018 to heavy acclaim. NPR said ""Citizen Cope swings for the fences and scores on 'Justice.'"" Citizen Cope's work has

"Syre: The Electric Album"
Syre: The Electric Album Syre: The Electric Album is the second extended play recorded by American rapper Jaden Smith. It was released on July 12, 2018, through MSFTSMusic and Roc Nation under the partnership between Interscope Records and Republic Records. It is the follow-up to Smith's debut album ""Syre"", released in 2017. The EP was announced in June 2018 after initially teasing a separate album entitled ""Erys"". The promotional single, ""Ghost"" featuring Christian Rich, was released on June 22, 2018 for streaming and digital download, alongside a music video. On July 8, 2018, the project was released exclusively on Smith's

"Dime Trap"
probably not as much of an evolution of T.I.'s style as he claims, but it's a more-than-worthy addition to the rapper's canon."" ""Dime Trap"" debuted at number 13 on the US ""Billboard"" 200 with 32,000 album-equivalent units, which included 11,000 pure album sales. Track listing adapted from the iTunes Store. Notes Credits for ""Dime Trap"" adapted from AllMusic. Dime Trap Dime Trap is the tenth studio album by American rapper T.I.. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Grand Hustle Records and Epic Records. The album was initially announced in 2014 and underwent several working titles, namely ""The Return""

"Thomas Rhett"
lyrical content. The album's fourth single, ""Vacation"" released to country radio on June 13, 2016. The album's fifth single with Deluxe Version, ""Star of the Show"" released to country radio on October 3, 2016. On September 8, Rhett released his third studio album ""Life Changes."" It includes the chart-topping singles ""Craving You"" featuring Maren Morris, ""Unforgettable"", and ""Marry Me."" The title track was released as the album's fourth single on April 16, 2018. Thomas Rhett is married to Lauren Akins, whom he has known since second grade. The couple married on October 12, 2012. As of February 2017, they announced

Instagram on their IGTV feature on his 20th birthday, which lets users upload videos. Credits were adapted from Tidal. Notes Syre: The Electric Album Syre: The Electric Album is the second extended play recorded by American rapper Jaden Smith. It was released on July 12, 2018, through MSFTSMusic and Roc Nation under the partnership between Interscope Records and Republic Records. It is the follow-up to Smith's debut album ""Syre"", released in 2017. The EP was announced in June 2018 after initially teasing a separate album entitled ""Erys"". The promotional single, ""Ghost"" featuring Christian Rich, was released on June 22, 2018

"Port Saint Joe (album)"
Port Saint Joe (album) Port Saint Joe is the second studio album by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. It was released on April 20, 2018, through EMI Nashville. ""Shoot Me Straight"" is the album's lead single. The second single ""I Don't Remember Me (Before You)"" was released on October 8, 2018. The album debuted at No. 2 on ""Billboard""s Top Country Albums and No. 15 on the ""Billboard"" 200, selling 19,000 copies (22,000 album-equivalent units) in its first week. It has sold 65,500 copies in the United States as of November 2018. Adapted from ""Port Saint Joe"" liner notes.

"Ripples (album)"
a decade since his previous album ""My Way"". Ripples (album) Ripples is the upcoming seventh studio album by English singer Ian Brown, and produced by himself. The album was initially set to be released on 1 March 2019, but soon after the album's release date was brought forward to 1 February 2019. The album's release was announced on 25 October 2018 with the release of the first single ""First World Problems"". A music video was released to promote the single and the album. The video shows Brown cycling by a canal on a bike similar to the one seen in

Brothers Osborne Additional musicians Technical Port Saint Joe (album) Port Saint Joe is the second studio album by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. It was released on April 20, 2018, through EMI Nashville. ""Shoot Me Straight"" is the album's lead single. The second single ""I Don't Remember Me (Before You)"" was released on October 8, 2018. The album debuted at No. 2 on ""Billboard""s Top Country Albums and No. 15 on the ""Billboard"" 200, selling 19,000 copies (22,000 album-equivalent units) in its first week. It has sold 65,500 copies in the United States as of November 2018. Adapted from

Ripples (album) Ripples is the upcoming seventh studio album by English singer Ian Brown, and produced by himself. The album was initially set to be released on 1 March 2019, but soon after the album's release date was brought forward to 1 February 2019. The album's release was announced on 25 October 2018 with the release of the first single ""First World Problems"". A music video was released to promote the single and the album. The video shows Brown cycling by a canal on a bike similar to the one seen in the F.E.A.R. music video. In the video, Brown

"Lee Brice (album)"
gave the album a positive review, stating that ""the best material on this disc comes from real life and appreciating your blessings of what you have in life"". The album debuted at No. 36 on Billboard 200, and No. 7 on Top Country Albums, with 12,200 copies (15,000 album-equivalent units) sold in the first week. It has sold 39,700 copies in the United States as of October 2018. Adapted from ""Lee Brice"" liner notes. Lee Brice (album) Lee Brice is the fourth album by American country music singer Lee Brice. It was released on November 3, 2017 via Curb Records.

"2016 UEFA Champions League Final"
2016 UEFA Champions League Final The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy, on 28 May 2016, between Spanish teams Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, in a repeat of the 2014 final. It was the second time in the tournament's history that both finalists were from the same city. Real

left out of contention to win La Liga, sacking Rafael Benitez in January and leaving the Champions League to save their season from being trophy-less. Atlético Madrid reached their third European Cup final after defeating Bayern Munich on away goals (2–2 on aggregate). Their previous two European Cup finals in 1974 and 2014 both ended in defeats, to Bayern Munich and Real Madrid respectively. Atlético Madrid had also played in three Cup Winners' Cup finals (winning in 1962, and losing in 1963 and 1986) and two Europa League finals (winning in 2010 and 2012), with their most recent Europa League

"2016 Football League Cup Final"
for the season's UEFA Champions League via their league position. Liverpool were participating in a record 12th League Cup Final, having previously won a record eight, most recently in 2012 against Cardiff City. Their last loss was in 2005 to Chelsea. Manchester City made their fifth appearance in the final, having won three previous times, the last of which as recently as 2014 against Sunderland. Liverpool, as a Premier League team involved in the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, started the competition in the third round. In this they were drawn against Football League Two team Carlisle United, at their home

in their first three final appearances. Juventus and Barcelona had lost during their first two appearances in the final, but won on their third attempts in 1985 and 1992 respectively. Atlético's three losses in European Cup finals ranks them level with Barcelona, and behind only Juventus (six losses), Bayern Munich and Benfica (five losses each). Ramos, who scored the opening goal of the match, became the fifth player to score in two Champions League finals. He had not scored in the competition since scoring the equaliser against Atlético Madrid in the 2014 final. Carrasco's second-half equaliser made him the first

"2016 UEFA Europa League Final"
2016 UEFA Europa League Final The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, the 45th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played at the St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland on 18 May 2016, between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two-time defending champions Sevilla. Sevilla won the match 3–1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup/Europa League three times in a row; it was their

The all-Madrid final also guaranteed the city of Madrid becoming the most successful city in the European Cup with 11 wins and 17 final appearances, and also in all UEFA club competitions with 16 wins, overtaking the city of Milan with 10 wins and 16 final appearances in the European Cup and 15 wins in all UEFA club competitions. Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1–0 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title. Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and

in a UEFA Cup/Europa League final before. This was their first meeting in a European competition. Liverpool previously won finals in 1973, 1976, and 2001. Overall, this was their 12th final in a European competition, with five wins in the European Cup (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, and 2005) and two defeats in the European Cup (1985 and 2007) and one in the European Cup Winners' Cup (1966). This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp, who lost in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final with Borussia Dortmund, who were eliminated by Liverpool in this season's quarter-finals.

80,000 seats for UEFA competitions. The 2016 final marked the first time a final has been held at the San Siro when neither of its tenants were able to win the competition, as Milan and Internazionale both failed to qualify for any European competitions after their performance in the 2014–15 Serie A. This final was the sixth tournament final to feature two teams from the same association, the third all-Spanish final, and the second between teams from the same city, fielding exactly the two teams that faced each other in the 2014 final, making it the seventh repeated final pairing.

to seal Real Madrid's 11th Champions League title. The ""home"" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 15 April 2016 at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The match was the eleventh European Cup/Champions League final to be decided by penalty shoot-out. With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending eleventh European Cup/Champions League title. This was Real Madrid's 14th appearance in a European Cup/Champions League final. The club has not lost a final since 1981. On the other hand, Atlético Madrid became the only team to lose

were former Argentine international Javier Zanetti, who won the Champions League with Internazionale against Bayern Munich in 2010, and former Italian international Paolo Maldini, who won five European Cups with Milan. UEFA unveiled the brand identity of the final on 27 August 2015 in Monaco ahead of the group stage draw. The logo features the Milan landmark Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. With a stadium capacity of 71,500, a total amount of 46,000 tickets were available to fans and the general public, with the two finalist teams receiving 20,000 tickets each and with 6,000 tickets being available for sale to fans

"Basic Instinct 2"
call from his ex-wife, Denise, in a state of distress. Her partner, Adam Towers, a journalist writing a negative story about Dr. Glass, has been found strangled to death. Glass suspects that Tramell committed the murder and is attempting to frame him for it. More murders begin to surface around Glass as his obsession with Tramell grows and his career and life are threatened – he finds his ex-wife in a bathroom with her throat slit after they have an altercation in a bar. Later, Dicky Pep is killed – eventually, he himself can no longer tell right from wrong,

is going to kill a therapist based on Glass's colleague, Dr. Milena Gardosh. Glass runs to Gardosh's apartment to warn her, finding Tramell there to his dismay. Gardosh tells him that he is no longer in charge of Tramell's therapy and that he's going to have his license revoked, due to bad practice regarding Tramell's treatment. There is a struggle between Glass and Gardosh, in which the latter is knocked out. Tramell then threatens Glass with a gun she carries, but Glass takes it away from her. When Washburn arrives at the scene, Glass shoots him because Tramell told him

he had killed the girlfriend of one of Glass's patients just to ""nail him"". In the final scene, Tramell pays a visit to Glass at a local mental hospital where he has been institutionalised, and he learns from her that the subject of her latest best-selling novel was a man very much like him. Trammell claims that she has never killed anyone and that the person who committed the crimes was all along the psychologist. This development, according to the novelist, has given a better end to her latest book. Tramell leaves with a wicked smirk on her face, while

and the police begin to suspect Glass of involvement in the crimes. He confronts Tramell at her apartment where they engage in passionate sex. The situation comes to a head during a confrontation between Glass and Tramell at her apartment where, after a struggle, Glass attempts to kill Tramell. Tramell gives Glass a copy of the draft of her next novel, titled ""The Analyst"". After reading it, he realises that Tramell has novelised most of the recent events with herself and other people related to Glass, even himself, as characters. Then it turns out that the character based on herself

down to it, I guess my life was more important to me than his"". Tramell is interrogated by Scotland Yard Detective Supt. Roy Washburn, who notes that D-Tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocking agent used to relax muscles during general anaesthesia, was found in her car and in her companion's body, and the companion wasn't breathing at the time of the crash, and that a man named ""Dicky Pep"" said that he sold Tramell ""15 milliliters of DTC last Thursday"". Tramell counters by saying that this Dicky Pep must be lying because ""you've got him on some other charge and he's trying

"Lethal Weapon 2"
of the officers investigating them while Murtaugh deduces that Rudd is attempting to ship funds from his smuggling ring in the United States to Cape Town via Los Angeles Harbor. Two assassins attack Murtaugh at his home, but he kills them in the ensuing fight, though Leo is abducted in the process. After killing many of the investigating officers, Vorstedt seizes Riggs at van den Haas' apartment and discloses that he was responsible for the death of Martin's wife years earlier during a botched assassination attempt on Riggs. He succeeds in drowning Rika, but a vengeful Riggs manages to escape.

"Basic Instinct"
waits in the car, Gus is stabbed to death with an ice pick. Nick runs into the building, only to find Gus' body in a manner similar to the scene described in the book. Beth, standing in the hallway, explains that she received a message to meet Gus. Nick suspects she murdered Gus and, believing she is reaching for a gun, shoots her, only to find that Beth was only fingering an ornament on her key chain. A search of the scene and Beth's apartment turns up the evidence needed to identify her as the killer. Despite knowing Catherine's apparent

"Predator 2"
himself for battle against him. Harrigan, even more puzzled, leaves before the Predator kills King Willie, taking his head as a trophy. Tracing a lead indicating Danny's killer had recently been in a slaughterhouse, Harrigan arranges to meet his team at a warehouse district to investigate. Cantrell and Lambert take the subway to the rendezvous when the Predator, hunting Harrigan's subordinates, suddenly attacks. Lambert faces off against the Predator and is killed. Cantrell is spared after the Predator's scan of her body reveals that she is pregnant. Arriving on the scene to find numerous armed civilians dead in addition to

"Exterminator 2"
driver of the truck was the night it scared them away, they presume Eastland was the man behind the wheel that night. They attack Eastland's girlfriend in the park, crippling her. Later, they break into her apartment and kill her. Then Eastland and his buddy interrupt a drug deal between X's gang and the mob, stealing the narcotics in the process, though the army buddy dies. Having earlier captured one of the gang members, Eastland allows him to escape to draw X into a confrontation, with the drugs as bait, in a closed up industrial site. Curiously, X seems to

by a mysterious blonde woman. Nick's only suspect is Boz's bisexual girlfriend, crime novelist Catherine Tramell, who has written a novel that mirrors the crime. It is concluded that either Catherine is the murderer or someone is attempting to frame her. Catherine is uncooperative and taunting during the investigation, smoking and exposing herself during her interrogation. She has an alibi and passes a lie detector test. Nick discovers Catherine has a history of befriending murderers, including her girlfriend Roxy, who killed her two younger brothers, on impulse, when she was 16, and Hazel Dobkins, who killed her family. Nick, who

"Mickey Mouse"
Mickey Mouse and performed some of the Disney songs to impress Mickey. The show took place at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was produced and directed by Don Mischer on November 4, 2018. A large part of Mickey's screen persona is his famously shy, falsetto voice. From 1928 onward, Mickey was voiced by Walt Disney himself, a task in which Disney took great personal pride. However, by 1946, Disney was becoming too busy with running the studio to do regular voice work which meant he could not do Mickey's voice on a regular basis anymore. It is also

for Allwine as the voice of Mickey in a few episodes of the first season of ""Mickey Mouse Works"" whenever Allwine was unavailable to record. Bret Iwan, a former Hallmark greeting card artist, is the current voice of Mickey. Iwan was originally cast as an understudy for Allwine due to the latter’s declining health; however, Allwine died before Iwan could meet him and Iwan became the new official voice of the character. Iwan’s early recordings in 2009 included work for the Disney Cruise Line, Mickey toys, the Disney theme parks and the Disney on Ice: Celebrations! ice show. He directly

"Tony Lucca"
Tony Lucca Anthony James Lucca (born January 23, 1976), is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and actor. He is perhaps best known for starting his career on ""The Mickey Mouse Club"". After the Mickey Mouse Club, Lucca went to Los Angeles, California, for a brief career as an actor, then became a full-time musician. He is a consistent touring artist and has toured with a multitude of acts, including Maroon 5, Kelly Clarkson, *NSYNC, Marc Anthony, Josh Hoge, Sara Bareilles, Matt Duke, Tyrone Wells, and the late Chris Whitley. He finished in third place on the second season (2012) of

original music. This role has been variously attributed to Wilfred Jackson, Carl Stalling and Bert Lewis, but identification remains uncertain. Walt Disney himself was voice actor for both Mickey and Minnie and would remain the source of Mickey's voice through 1946 for theatrical cartoons. Jimmy MacDonald took over the role in 1946, but Walt provided Mickey's voice again from 1955 to 1959 for ""The Mickey Mouse Club"" television series on ABC. Audiences at the time of ""Steamboat Willie""'s release were reportedly impressed by the use of sound for comedic purposes. Sound films or ""talkies"" were still considered innovative. The first

"Wayne Allwine"
18, 2009, and Bret Iwan became the current voice of Mickey Mouse. In 2013, his voice was used in the English-language version of ""Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix"", and in 2014, his voice was again used in the English-language version of ""Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix"", due to the archive footage from his previous work in ""Kingdom Hearts"", ""Kingdom Hearts Re:Chain of Memories"" and ""Kingdom Hearts II"". Wayne Allwine Wayne Anthony Allwine (February 7, 1947 – May 18, 2009) was an American voice actor, sound effects editor and foley artist for The Walt Disney Company. He is best remembered as

"Mickey Mouse (film series)"
The cartoons were directed by 20 different people. Those with the most credits include Burt Gillett (34), Wilfred Jackson (18), Walt Disney (16), David Hand (15), and Ben Sharpsteen (14); the director of the most recent installment, Lauren MacMullan, was the first female director. Notable animators who worked on the series include Ub Iwerks, Norm Ferguson, Ollie Johnston, Frank Thomas, and Fred Moore. Mickey's voice is mostly provided by Walt Disney, with some additional work by Carl Stalling and Clarence Nash. By 1947, Jimmy MacDonald had taken over Mickey's voice. Wayne Allwine voices the mouse in the three most recent

speculated that his cigarette habit had damaged his voice over the years. After recording the ""Mickey and the Beanstalk"" section of ""Fun and Fancy Free"", Mickey's voice was handed over to veteran Disney musician and actor Jimmy MacDonald. MacDonald voiced Mickey in the remainder of the theatrical shorts and for various television and publicity projects up until his retirement in 1977, although Walt would reprise Mickey's voice occasionally until his passing in 1966, such as in the introductions to the original 1955–1959 run of ""The Mickey Mouse Club"" TV series, the ""Fourth Anniversary Show"" episode of the Disneyland TV series

"Danny Woodburn"
an episode of ""Conan the Adventurer"" as Woodburn's character's love interest. Danny Woodburn Daniel Charles ""Danny"" Woodburn (born July 26, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and activist for the disability rights movement. He is recognizable by his dwarfism. He played Mickey Abbott on the sitcom ""Seinfeld"". He has more than 130 television and 28 film appearances to date. Woodburn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is a graduate of Abington Senior High School in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and Temple University School of Communications and Theater. He received the school's Outstanding Alumni Achievement Award in 2001. Woodburn appeared

"Tommy Cole"
Tommy Cole Tommy Cole (born December 20, 1941) is an American make-up artist, actor, and singer who appeared as a Mouseketeer on the Mickey Mouse Club television series. Although born in Burbank, California, Tommy Cole grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of La Cañada. He was self-motivated toward performing from an early age, despite some disapproval from his family. His father was an editor of the ""Los Angeles Herald Examiner""; his mother later worked part-time at movie studios as a welfare guardian for minor children. He has one older brother, John Cole. Cole started as a musician, playing the

Danny Woodburn Daniel Charles ""Danny"" Woodburn (born July 26, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and activist for the disability rights movement. He is recognizable by his dwarfism. He played Mickey Abbott on the sitcom ""Seinfeld"". He has more than 130 television and 28 film appearances to date. Woodburn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is a graduate of Abington Senior High School in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and Temple University School of Communications and Theater. He received the school's Outstanding Alumni Achievement Award in 2001. Woodburn appeared in numerous stage productions before moving to Los Angeles, such as

"The Vampire Diaries (season 8)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 8) ""The Vampire Diaries"", an American supernatural drama, was renewed for an eighth season by The CW on March 11, 2016. On July 23, 2016, the CW announced that the upcoming season would be the series' last and would consist of 16 episodes. The season premiered on October 21, 2016 and concluded on March 10, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Filming for the season began on July 20, 2016. It was announced on July 23, 2016, that season 8 of ""The Vampire Diaries"" would be the series' last. The season would contain 16 episodes. Filming for the season ended

"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching

"The Vampire Diaries (season 7)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 7) ""The Vampire Diaries"", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a seventh season by The CW on January 11, 2015, and premiered on October 8, 2015. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed ""The Vampire Diaries"" for an eighth season, which was confirmed to be the final one on July 2016. This season represents a soft-reboot for the series, with the exits of Nina Dobrev, Michael Trevino and Steven R. McQueen. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The cast features Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore, Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore, Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett, Candice Accola as Caroline

on February 8, 2017. On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Nina Dobrev would return as Elena Gilbert in the series finale. At the end of the episode, ""It's Been a Hell of a Ride"" on February 24, 2017, it was revealed that Dobrev would reprise her role of Katherine Pierce as well. The Vampire Diaries (season 8) ""The Vampire Diaries"", an American supernatural drama, was renewed for an eighth season by The CW on March 11, 2016. On July 23, 2016, the CW announced that the upcoming season would be the series' last and would consist of 16

made available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. In region B, it was released on August 22, 2011. The Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse,

"Dewey Decimal Classification"
Dewey Decimal Classification The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), colloquially the Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876. Originally described in a four-page pamphlet, it has been expanded to multiple volumes and revised through 23 major editions, the latest printed in 2011. It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. OCLC, a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries, currently maintains the system and licenses online access to WebDewey, a continuously updated version for catalogers. The Decimal Classification introduced the concepts of ""relative location"" and ""relative

to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title ""A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library."" He used the pamphlet, published in more than one version during the year, to solicit comments from other librarians. It is not known who received copies or how many commented as only one copy with comments has survived, that of Ernest Cushing Richardson. His classification system was mentioned in an article in the first issue

Classification numbers on nearly all of its cards, thus making the system immediately available to all libraries making use of the Library of Congress card sets. Dewey's was not the only library classification available, although it was the most complete. Charles Ammi Cutter published the Expansive Classification in 1882, with initial encouragement from Melvil Dewey. Cutter's system was not adopted by many libraries, with one major exception: it was used as the basis for the Library of Congress Classification system. In 1895, the International Institute of Bibliography, located in Belgium and led by Paul Otlet, contacted Dewey about the possibility

was reached between the committee overseeing the development of the Decimal Classification and the developers of the French ""Classification Decimal"". The English version was published as the Universal Decimal Classification and is still in use today. According to a study done in 1927, the Dewey system was used in the US in approximately 96% of responding public libraries and 89% of the college libraries. After the death of Melvil Dewey in 1931, administration of the classification was under the Decimal Classification Committee of the Lake Placid Club Education Foundation, and the editorial body was the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee

other books in the library, on the basis of its subject. The number makes it possible to find any book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves. The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries. Melvil Dewey (1851–1931) was an American librarian and self-declared reformer. He was a founding member of the American Library Association and can be credited with the promotion of card systems in libraries and business. He developed the ideas for his library classification system in 1873 while working at Amherst College library. He applied the classification

privileged patrons, so shelf browsing was not considered of importance. The use of the Dewey Decimal system increased during the early 20th century as librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf access for patrons. New editions were readied as supplies of previously published editions were exhausted, even though some editions provided little change from the previous, as they were primarily needed to fulfill demand. In the next decade, three editions followed closely on: the 3rd (1888), 4th (1891), and 5th (1894). Editions 6 through 11 were published from 1899 to 1922. The 6th edition

Over time it added some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, allowing classifiers to construct a number by combining a class number for a topic with an entry from a separate table. Tables cover commonly-used elements such as geographical and temporal aspects, language, and bibliographic forms. For example, a class number could be constructed using 330 for economics + .9 for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe to create the class 330.94 European economy. Or one could combine the class 973 (for the United States) + .05 (for periodical publications on the topic) to arrive at the number 973.05 for

in 1891 and served until her death in 1921. She was followed by Dorcas Fellows, who was editor until her death in 1938. Constantin J. Mazney edited the 14th edition. Milton Ferguson functioned as editor from 1949 to 1951. The 16th edition in 1958 was edited under an agreement between the Library of Congress and Forest Press, with David Haykin as director. Editions 16–19 were edited by Benjamin A. Custer and the editor of edition 20 was John P. Comaromi. Joan Mitchell was editor until 2013, covering editions 21 to 23. In 2013 Michael Panzer of OCLC became Editor-in-Chief. The

has been criticized for its complexity and limited scope of scheme-adjustment. In particular, the arrangement of subheadings has been described as archaic and as being biased towards an Anglo-American world view. In 2007–08, the Maricopa County Library District in Arizona, abandoned the DDC in favor of the Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) system, one that is commonly used by commercial bookstores, in an effort to make their libraries more accessible for patrons. Several other libraries across the United States, and other countries (including Canada and the Netherlands) followed suit. The classification has also been criticized as being a proprietary

Dewey Editorial Program Manager since 2016 has been Dr. Rebecca Green. Dewey himself held copyright in editions 1 to 6 (1876–1919). Copyright in editions 7–10 was held by the publisher, The Library Bureau. On the death of May Seymour, Dewey conveyed the ""copyrights and control of all editions"" to the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a non-profit chartered in 1922. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, US, acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification system when it bought Forest Press in 1988. In 2003 the Dewey Decimal Classification came to the attention of

"The Jungle Book"
The Jungle Book The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by the English author Rudyard Kipling. Most of the characters are animals such as Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear, though a principal character is the boy or ""man-cub"" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. The stories are set in a forest in India; one place mentioned repeatedly is ""Seonee"" (Seoni), in the central state of Madhya Pradesh. A major theme in the book is abandonment followed by fostering, as in the life of Mowgli, echoing Kipling's own childhood. The theme is echoed

Kipling. Rudyard Kipling was born in India and spent the first six years of his childhood there. After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six-and-a-half years. These stories were written when Kipling lived in Naulakha, the home he built in Dummerston, Vermont, in the United States. There is evidence that Kipling wrote the collection of stories for his daughter Josephine, who died from pneumonia in 1899, aged 6; a first edition of the book with a handwritten note by the author to his young daughter was discovered at the National Trust's

animation and its 2016 remake, and the 1989 Japanese anime ""Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli"". Stuart Paterson wrote a stage adaptation in 2004, first produced by the Birmingham Old Rep in 2004 and published in 2007 by Nick Hern Books. The Jungle Book The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by the English author Rudyard Kipling. Most of the characters are animals such as Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear, though a principal character is the boy or ""man-cub"" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. The stories are set in a forest in India;

the stories, reflecting the irresponsible side of human nature. ""The Jungle Book"" has remained popular, partly through its many adaptations for film and other media. Critics such as Swati Singh have noted that even critics wary of Kipling for his supposed imperialism have admired the power of his storytelling. The book has been influential in the scout movement, whose founder, Robert Baden-Powell, was a friend of Kipling's. Percy Grainger composed his ""Jungle Book Cycle"" around quotations from the book. The stories were first published in magazines in 1893–94. The original publications contain illustrations, some by the author's father, John Lockwood

his scheme to develop the morale and fitness of working-class youths in cities. Akela, the head wolf in ""The Jungle Book"", has become a senior figure in the movement; the name is traditionally adopted by the leader of each Cub Scout pack. ""The Jungle Book"" has been adapted many times in a wide variety of media. In literature, Robert Heinlein wrote the Hugo Award-winning science fiction novel, ""Stranger in a Strange Land"" (1961), when his wife, Virginia, suggested a new version of ""The Jungle Book"", but with a child raised by Martians instead of wolves. Neil Gaiman's ""The Graveyard Book""

written and signed by Kipling in 1895, Kipling confesses to borrowing ideas and stories in the ""Jungle Book"": ""I am afraid that all that code in its outlines has been manufactured to meet 'the necessities of the case': though a little of it is bodily taken from (Southern) Esquimaux rules for the division of spoils,"" Kipling wrote in the letter. ""In fact, it is extremely possible that I have helped myself promiscuously but at present cannot remember from whose stories I have stolen."" Kipling lived in India as a child, and most of the stories are evidently set there, though

a tropical savanna climate, with a dry and a rainy season. This is drier than a monsoon climate and does not support tropical rainforest. Forested parks and reserves that claim to be associated with the stories include Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, and Pench National Park, near Seoni. However, Kipling never visited the area. The book is arranged with a story in each chapter. Each story is followed by a poem that serves as an epigram. Many of the characters (marked *) are named simply for the Hindi names of their species: for example, Baloo is a transliteration of Hindi

"Jungle Book (1942 film)"
of the war, the British Korda brothers had moved their film making to Hollywood in 1940, and ""Jungle Book"" is one of the films they made during that Hollywood period. In an Indian village, Buldeo, an elderly storyteller, is paid by a visiting British ""memsahib"" to tell a story of his youth. He speaks of the animals of the jungle and of the ever-present threats to human life posed by the jungle itself. He then recalls his earlier life: As a younger man he dreams that his village could one day become an important town and that the jungle could

"The Jungle"
while working incognito in the meatpacking plants of the Chicago stockyards for the newspaper. He first published the novel in serial form in 1905 in the Socialist newspaper ""Appeal to Reason"" and it was published as a book by Doubleday in 1906. The main character in the book is Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian immigrant trying to make ends meet in Chicago. The book begins with his wife Ona and his wedding feast. He and his family live near the stockyards and meatpacking district where many immigrants, who do not know much English, work. He takes a job at Brown's slaughterhouse.

"The Village in the Jungle"
The Village in the Jungle The Village in the Jungle is a novel by Leonard Woolf, published in 1913, based on his experiences as a colonial civil servant in British-controlled Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in the early years of the 20th century. Ground-breaking in Western fiction for being written from the native rather than the colonial point of view, it is also an influential work of Sri Lankan literature. It was republished by Eland in 2008. Leonard Woolf worked for the British Ceylon Civil Service in Sri Lanka for seven years after graduating from Cambridge University in 1904. In Cambridge

"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)"
depression and giving Derek a season's worth of reconsidering to do"". Monfette criticized the romantic development of the characters throughout the season, by describing Cristina and Burke's relationship as an excuse for the possibility of a wedding for Meredith, whereas Burke's unfair behavior towards Cristina is thought to be manipulative, exposing her to his overly romantic notion of an ideal ceremony. The way the doubts regarding the success of their relationship were resolved in the season finale was described as ""most obvious and least compelling."" ""IGN Entertainment"" was also critical of Alex Karev's storyline, who is seen falling for a

season. ""Patrick loved it. He's always driving something new, always trying something out"", stated the series creator, regarding Dempsey's response to the storyline. Rhimes also described the difficulty she faced in finding an appropriate love interest for the character of Alex Karev: ""We kept meeting with people and it wasn't until we met Elizabeth Reaser and sat down with her, and in two seconds in realized that she was absolutely the one we'd been looking for."" Reaser explained that when she was cast, there were no definite plans for the development of her character, and that only the intrigue of

"Derek Shepherd"
forced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time to date other people. Derek's plans to propose were ruined by a series of unfortunate events in season five. In the season finale, they decide to give their planned wedding to Alex and Izzie. Due to their tight schedule, they instead informally marry and Derek writes down their ""promises"" on a post-it

O'Malley evolves into a sudden marriage with unpleasant repercussions. Eric Dane was also promoted to the series regular status after a guest appearance in the eighteenth episode of the previous season, and an uncredited one in the second episode of this season. He began receiving star billing in the third episode of the season, portraying attending physician, otolaryngologist and plastic surgeon Mark Sloan, whose arc, describing the attempt at resuming his relationship with Addison Montgomery, is heavily developed throughout the season. Numerous supporting characters have been given expansive and recurring appearances in the progressive storyline. Brooke Smith continues her role

won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Several cast members have been awarded at the PRISM Awards in 2007: Katherine Heigl in the Favorite Female TV Star category for portraying Izzie Stevens, Patrick Dempsey for Favorite Male TV Star in the role of Derek Shepherd, and Chandra Wilson in the Favorite Scene Stealing Star category for her performance of Miranda Bailey. Mark Gordon, Shonda Rhimes, James D. Parriott, Betsy Beers, Peter Horton and Rob Corn have been nominated at the Producers Guild of America 2007 Awards for Television Producer of the Year Award in Episodic Drama for the production

the role of nurse Olivia Harper, former love interest of both George O'Malley and Alex Karev, Kali Rocha portraying fifth-year resident Sydney Heron, who enters a competition against Miranda Bailey and Callie Torres for the position of Chief Resident, Roger Rees in the role of Colin Marlowe, a cardiothoracic surgeon and Cristina Yang's former professor and lover, Jeff Perry portraying Meredith Grey's father, Thatcher Grey; Mare Winningham in the role of Susan Grey, Embeth Davidtz playing Derek Shepherd's sister Nancy Shepherd, a surgeon who is revealed to have slept with Mark Sloan; Tsai Chin in the role of Helen Yang

husband Derek Shepherd's desire to divorce, while dealing with the arrival of her former lover. Isaiah Washington played the role of attending physician and cardiothoracic surgeon, Preston Burke, who becomes engaged to intern Cristina Yang after their developing a relationship. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season. She portrayed orthopedic surgeon and fifth-year resident, Calliope ""Callie"" Torres, whose relationship with intern George

Horton left the series at the conclusion of the season, whereas James D. Parriott, who previously served a writer and executive producer for the first two seasons, did not continue his work on the show during this season. Joan Rater and Tony Phelan continued to serve as co-executive producers, with Rater being a supervising producer as well. Stacy McKee, who previously served as a producer and writer for the series, was promoted to co-executive producer. After having written three episodes for the first season and five for the second, Rhimes returned as a writer for six episodes, out of which

proposed spin-off, ""Private Practice"", focusing on the departure of Walsh's character, Dr. Addison Montgomery. The series ended its third season with an average of 19.22 million viewers per episode and a 6.8/35 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, ranking eighth in the television season, outperformed by ""CSI"". Television critics expressed a mainly negative outlook on the development of the series throughout the season, with the reviews ranging from mixed to unfavorable, as exaggeration and lack of realism have been highlighted as the main issues in the declining quality of the storylines. Despite the negative critical response, the performance of the

state Izzie Stevens has to go through: ""Showrunner Shonda Rhimes puts a lot of pressure on Heigl to carry many intense storylines, and she's up to the challenge."" However, he also noted that Izzie's irrational actions during crisis situations may be bothering. The season was one of the most acclaimed of the show, receiving numerous awards and nominations. Several cast and crew members were nominated for their work on the show during its third season at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards. Chandra Wilson received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance in ""Oh, the

"United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)"
it was signed by House Speaker, Champ Clark. About nine hours later, at 12:14 p.m., it was signed by Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. Less than an hour after that, when President Wilson signed it at 1:11 p.m., the United States was officially at war against the German Empire. Notes Sources United States declaration of war on Germany (1917) On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war against the German Empire. Congress responded with the declaration on April 6. WHEREAS, The Imperial German Government has committed

United States declaration of war on Germany (1917) On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war against the German Empire. Congress responded with the declaration on April 6. WHEREAS, The Imperial German Government has committed repeated acts of war against the people of the United States of America; therefore, be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government, which has thus been

thrust upon the United States, is hereby formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States. In the Senate, the resolution passed 82 to 6 on April 4. The negative votes were cast by Asle J. Gronna, Robert M. La Follette Sr., Harry

Lane, George W. Norris, William J. Stone, and James K. Vardaman. Eight senators did not vote: John H. Bankhead, Nathan Goff, Thomas P. Gore, Henry F. Hollis, Francis G. Newlands, John Walter Smith, Charles S. Thomas, and Benjamin R. Tillman. In the House, the resolution passed at 3 a.m. April 6 by a vote of 373–50. One of the dissenters was Rep. Jeannette Rankin of Montana, who later became the only member of either chamber of Congress to vote against declaring war against the Japanese Empire on Monday, December 8, 1941. Immediately after the resolution was passed by the House,

"United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom"
United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812, thereby beginning the War of 1812. It was signed by James Madison, the 4th President of the United States. ""Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled"", That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdom of Great

the subjects thereof. United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812, thereby beginning the War of 1812. It was signed by James Madison, the 4th President of the United States. ""Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled"", That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United

"United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary"
United States declared war against Germany. The declaration of war was enacted at the request of president of the United States Woodrow Wilson by a vote of both chambers of the U.S. Congress, with the U.S. House of Representatives voting 373 to 50 (nine not voting) in favor of war and the U.S. Senate voting 82 to six. In his speech to Congress requesting that war be declared against Germany, Wilson addressed the question of Austria-Hungary, which was an ally of Germany: Two days later, Austria-Hungary terminated diplomatic relations with the United States and requested, in a diplomatic note delivered

"American entry into World War I"
won without help, there was a danger they would carve up the world without regard to American commercial interests. They were already planning to use government subsidies, tariff walls, and controlled markets to counter the competition posed by American businessmen. The solution was a third route, a ""peace without victory"", according to Wilson. On April 6, 1917, Congress declared war. In the Senate, the resolution passed 82 to 6, with Senators Harry Lane, William J. Stone, James Vardaman, Asle Gronna, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., and George W. Norris voting against it. In the House, the declaration passed 373 to

United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary The 1917 United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary, officially House Joint Resolution 169, was a resolution adopted by the United States Congress declaring that a state of war existed between the United States of America and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It followed, by eight months, the earlier declaration of war against Germany that had brought the United States into World War I. Enacted on December 7, 1917 and coming into effect the same day, it was officially terminated in 1921, three years after the effective capitulation of Austria-Hungary. On April 6, 1917 the

"United States in World War I"
the information on to Washington. Wilson released the Zimmerman note to the public and Americans saw it as a ""casus belli""—a cause for war. At first, Wilson tried to maintain neutrality while fighting off the submarines by arming American merchant ships with guns powerful enough to sink German submarines on the surface (but useless when the U-boats were under water). After submarines sank seven US merchant ships, Wilson finally went to Congress calling for a declaration of war on Germany, which Congress voted on April 6, 1917. As a result of the Russian February Revolution in 1917, the Tsar abdicated

"Rachel Bilson"
parental consent. Bilson and Christensen separated in September 2017. Rachel Bilson Rachel Sarah Bilson (born August 25, 1981) is an American actress. Born to a California show business family, Bilson made her television debut in 2003, and then landed the role of Summer Roberts on the prime-time drama series ""The O.C."" Bilson made her movie debut in ""The Last Kiss"" (2006) and starred in the science-fiction-action film ""Jumper"" (2008). From 2011 to 2015, she starred as Dr. Zoe Hart on The CW series ""Hart of Dixie"". Bilson was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of Janice Stango, a sex therapist,

Rachel Bilson Rachel Sarah Bilson (born August 25, 1981) is an American actress. Born to a California show business family, Bilson made her television debut in 2003, and then landed the role of Summer Roberts on the prime-time drama series ""The O.C."" Bilson made her movie debut in ""The Last Kiss"" (2006) and starred in the science-fiction-action film ""Jumper"" (2008). From 2011 to 2015, she starred as Dr. Zoe Hart on The CW series ""Hart of Dixie"". Bilson was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of Janice Stango, a sex therapist, and Danny Bilson, a writer, director, and producer. She

"Leila Gerstein"
February 15, 2011, Rachel Bilson signed on to play Zoe Hart, the main character. ""Hart of Dixie"" premiered on September 26, 2011. The CW renewed the series for a second season on May 11, 2012, for a third on April 26, 2013, and for a fourth on May 8, 2014. ""Hart of Dixie"" was cancelled following the finish of season 4. She is married to author and podcaster Nate DiMeo. Leila Gerstein Leila Gerstein is an American television producer and screenwriter. Gerstein has written for television shows, including Gossip Girl, ""The O.C."" and ""Life As We Know It"", and written

"Hart of Dixie"
appearance ""wins us over and makes you forget that clunky intro"" and despite the ""rom-coms clichés, the pilot is super-efficient at introducing us to those who will be the key players in Zoe’s story, laying the framework for storytelling places to go."" ""Tv Times"" magazine gave ""Hart of Dixie"" its lowest score of 2011–2012: 12 out of 100. Hart of Dixie Hart of Dixie is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on The CW from September 26, 2011 to March 27, 2015. The series, created by Leila Gerstein, stars Rachel Bilson as Dr. Zoe Hart, a New Yorker who,

"Mircea Monroe"
Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It"", playing Sarah Marshall. She also appeared as Veronique in the horror film ""The Black Waters of Echo's Pond"". Monroe was on the cover of the September 2004 issue of ""Maxim"". She had a regular role on the Showtime series ""Episodes"". Mircea Monroe Mircea Monroe (born March 11, 1982) is an American model and actress, known for her roles on the TV series ""Episodes"" as Morning Randolph (2011–2017), ""Hart of Dixie"" as Tansy Truitt (2011–2015), ""Impastor"" as Alexa Cummings (2015–2016) and ""Sing It!"" as Stacey Needles (2016–present). She has also starred in films including

Hart of Dixie Hart of Dixie is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on The CW from September 26, 2011 to March 27, 2015. The series, created by Leila Gerstein, stars Rachel Bilson as Dr. Zoe Hart, a New Yorker who, after her dreams of becoming a heart surgeon fall apart, accepts an offer to work as a general practitioner in the fictional Gulf Coast town of Bluebell, Alabama. The show also stars a pet alligator named Burt Reynolds. On September 26, 2011, ""Hart of Dixie"" premiered. The show was scheduled to move back to Mondays in the fall

"Chaley Rose"
Charles (Chuck) Jackson, an artist. They were married for more than 20 years, now divorced. She has one sibling, a brother, Charles E. Jackson, Jr. (Chase). """" (2013) """" (2014) ""Christmas with Nashville"" (2014) """" (2014) """" (2015) Chaley Rose Chaley Rose is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Zoey in the ABC drama series ""Nashville"". Chaley Rose Jackson was born and raised in the city of Columbus, Indiana. She attended Central Middle School and Columbus East High School where she was a cheerleader, gymnast, and on the track team. She was the

Mircea Monroe Mircea Monroe (born March 11, 1982) is an American model and actress, known for her roles on the TV series ""Episodes"" as Morning Randolph (2011–2017), ""Hart of Dixie"" as Tansy Truitt (2011–2015), ""Impastor"" as Alexa Cummings (2015–2016) and ""Sing It!"" as Stacey Needles (2016–present). She has also starred in films including ""Cellular"" (2004), ""House of the Dead II"" (2005), ""Just Friends"" (2005), ""The Change-Up"" (2011) and ""Magic Mike"" (2012). Monroe was born in St. Louis, Missouri. As a child, she lived in the South Pacific islands of Fiji and the Solomon Islands. According to Monroe, her first name

"Leah Bracknell"
Leah Bracknell Alison Rosalind Bracknell (born 12 July 1964), known professionally as Leah Bracknell, is an English actress, known for her role as Zoe Tate in the ITV soap opera ""Emmerdale"" (1989—2005), for which she was nominated for the 2002 National Television Award for Most Popular Actress and won the 2006 British Soap Award for Best Exit. She is also a qualified teacher with the British School of Yoga and designs and produces her own line of jewellery. Born in Westminster, London, Bracknell is the daughter of the late English television director David Ian Bracknell (1932–1987) and Chinese-Malaysian actress Li-Er

"Stefanie Powers"
Stefanie Powers Stefanie Powers (born Stefanie Zofya Paul; November 2, 1942) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Hart in the American mystery series ""Hart to Hart"", with Robert Wagner, which aired for five seasons from 1979 to 1984. Powers and Wagner later reunited for eight ""Hart to Hart"" TV movies in the 1990s. She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and five-time Golden Globe Award nominee. Powers was born Stefanie Zofya Paul in Hollywood, California, though her name is often given as Stefania Zsofia (or Zofia) Federkiewicz. In her autobiography, she says """" (""My real

"Cast Away"
a story based on a FedEx plane crashing gave the company ""a heart attack at first,"" but the overall story was seen as positive. FedEx, which paid no money for product placement in the film, saw an increase in brand awareness in Asia and Europe following the film's release. In the film, Wilson the volleyball serves as Chuck Noland's personified friend and only companion during the four years that Noland spends alone on a deserted island. Named after the volleyball's manufacturer, Wilson Sporting Goods, the character was created by screenwriter William Broyles, Jr.. While researching for the film, he consulted

Cast Away Cast Away is a 2000 American survival film directed and co-produced by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy. The film depicts a FedEx employee marooned on an uninhabited island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific and his attempts to survive on the island using remnants of his plane's cargo. The film was released on December 22, 2000. It was a critical and commercial success, grossing $429 million worldwide, with Hanks being nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards. In December 1995, Chuck Noland is a

time-obsessed systems engineer who travels worldwide resolving productivity problems at FedEx depots. He is in a long-term relationship with Kelly Frears, with whom he lives in Memphis, Tennessee. Although the couple wants to get married, Chuck's busy schedule interferes with their relationship. A Christmas gathering with relatives is interrupted when Chuck is summoned to resolve a problem in Malaysia. While flying through a violent storm, his plane crashes into the Pacific Ocean. Chuck escapes from the sinking plane and is saved by an inflatable life raft, but loses the emergency locator transmitter. He clings to the life raft, loses consciousness,

later turned into the ABC show ""Lost"". Cast Away Cast Away is a 2000 American survival film directed and co-produced by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy. The film depicts a FedEx employee marooned on an uninhabited island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific and his attempts to survive on the island using remnants of his plane's cargo. The film was released on December 22, 2000. It was a critical and commercial success, grossing $429 million worldwide, with Hanks being nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards.

with professional survival experts, and then chose to deliberately strand himself for one week on an isolated beach in the Gulf of California, to force himself to search for water and food, and obtain his own shelter. During this time, a volleyball washed up on shore. This was the inspiration for the film's inanimate companion. From a screenwriting point of view, Wilson also serves to realistically allow dialogue in a one-person-only situation. One of the original volleyball props was sold at auction for $18,500 to the ex-CEO of FedEx Office, Ken May. At the time of the film's release, Wilson

Texas, making him doubt he will ever be found. Four years later (early 2000), Chuck has adapted to the island’s meager living conditions, having become adept at spearing fish and making fires. He also has regular conversations and arguments with Wilson, his only means of socialization. A large section of a portable toilet washes up on the island; Chuck uses it as a sail in the construction of a raft. After spending some time building and stocking the raft and deciding when weather conditions will be optimal (using an analemma he has created in his cave to monitor the time

leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later, he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of

life. He departs and stops at a remote crossroads. A friendly woman passing by in a pickup truck stops to explain where each road leads. As she drives away, Chuck notices the angel wings on the back of her truck are similar to those on the parcel. As Chuck is left standing at the crossroads he looks down each road, then smiles faintly as he looks in the direction of the woman's truck. In a 2017 Actor Roundtable with ""The Hollywood Reporter"", Tom Hanks stated The film's shooting occurred between 1998 and 2000, but was not shot consecutively. Hanks gained

and floats all night before washing up on an island. After he awakens, he explores the island and soon discovers that it is uninhabited. Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but cannot pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He

acquaintances have held a funeral, and Kelly has since married Chuck's onetime dentist and has a daughter. After reuniting, the pair profess their love for each other but, realizing they could not be together because of her commitment to her new family, they sadly part. Kelly gives Chuck the car they once shared. Some time later, Chuck travels to Canadian, Texas, to return the unopened FedEx package with the angel wings to its sender, a woman named Bettina Peterson. No one is home, so he leaves the package at the door with a note saying that the package saved his

"V8 engine"
gas pressure in large 2-stroke diesel engines, such as the Detroit Diesel. There is also a Ford Boss Top Fuel/Funny car engine. The Australian V8 is typically an American-manufactured unit from either Ford, Chrysler or General Motors. The Holden small-block V8 was an all Australian designed and manufactured cast-iron 90° pushrod OHV engine, manufactured in the capacities of 4.2 L (253 CID), 5.0 L (308 CID, later destroked to 304 CID), and 5.7 L (355 CID — Produced by Holden Special Vehicles, never actually built as a 'production' motor). First introduced in 1969, ceasing production in 1999, it powered a

American Buick/British Rover V8 it was based on. The stroke was increased to give it a capacity of . The motor was originally designed and fitted to the Leyland P76 sedan. , the only V8 produced in Australia is the 5.0L V8 built by Ford Performance Vehicles to power its FPV GT & GS models. This motor is a combination of American-sourced and partially locally manufactured parts. The V8 used in current Holdens is sourced complete from GM in Canada, modified versions of the GM LS-series engine. When the production of Ford's Cleveland V8 range for the American market ceased

"Holden V8 engine"
Holden V8 engine The Holden V8 engine is an overhead valve (OHV) V8 engine that was produced by the Australian General Motors subsidiary, Holden between 1969 and 2000. The engine was used initially in the Holden HT series; it was later utilised in the Torana and Commodore ranges. The final iteration, the HEC 5000i, was phased out in Holden passenger vehicles upon the release of the VT II Commodore in mid 1999, which featured the ""Gen III"" V8 imported from the United States. The engine continued in the VS III Commodore utility which continued to be sold alongside the VT

castings of the Holden V8 as its basis. The engine featured many modifications including Lucas fuel injection and dual coil Bosch ignition and more than 150 special components designed by Repco. The lifter bore angle in the engine block is 45 degrees from the block centerline. Initially offered in and versions, the engines were intended to be offered as part of the 1968 Holden HK range, but the project ran behind schedule and instead became part of the 1969 HT model range. In the HT, the Holden V8 sold alongside the Chevrolet Small-Block engine until 1974 with the introduction of

F1 stock cars, tend to use Rover V8 engines of approximately 3.5 litre capacity, which in turn originally were based on the American 215 Buick V8 engine. V8 engine A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets (or banks) of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft. Most banks are set at a right angle (90°) to each other, some at a narrower angle, with 45°, 60°, and 72° most common. In its simplest form, the V8 is basically two parallel inline-four engines sharing a common crankshaft.

V8 engine A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets (or banks) of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft. Most banks are set at a right angle (90°) to each other, some at a narrower angle, with 45°, 60°, and 72° most common. In its simplest form, the V8 is basically two parallel inline-four engines sharing a common crankshaft. However, this simple configuration, with a flat- or single-plane crankshaft, has the same secondary dynamic imbalance problems as two straight-4s, resulting in vibrations in large engine displacements.

variety of Holden vehicles including the Kingswood, Monaro, Torana and Commodore, and proved to be a popular and successful powerplant in Australian motorsport (especially Touring cars). Repco also developed and built the Repco-Holden Formula 5000 engine for Formula 5000 racing. Repco used the block and head castings of the Holden 308 V8 engine as its basis,[9] but it featured many modifications including Lucas fuel injection and dual coil Bosch ignition and more than 150 special components designed by Repco. The British Leyland small block V8 was also a pushrod OHV engine, however it was an all alloy block like the

"Rover V8 engine"
Rover V8 engine The Rover V8 engine is a compact V8 internal combustion engine with aluminium cylinder heads and cylinder block, originally designed by General Motors and later re-designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom. It has been used in a wide range of vehicles from Rover and other manufacturers since its British debut in 1967. The Rover V8 began life as the Buick 215, an all-aluminium OHV pushrod engine introduced in 1960 for the 1961 US model year (it was on their drawing boards in the late 1950s). The compact, all aluminium alloy engine was light, at

cylinder sleeves, and an assortment of non-Buick parts. It could also be fitted with high-compression cylinder heads from the Morgan +8. Using the 5-litre Rover block and crankshaft, a maximum displacement of is possible and used primarily in racing applications. Rover V8 engine The Rover V8 engine is a compact V8 internal combustion engine with aluminium cylinder heads and cylinder block, originally designed by General Motors and later re-designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom. It has been used in a wide range of vehicles from Rover and other manufacturers since its British debut in 1967. The Rover

V8 engine. The vehicle utilizes highly modified V8 engines based on the Chevy small-block architecture, ranging in size from 299 to 388 cubic inches, with power outputs from 1980 hp for the smallest unit i.e. the 288 cui, to 2670 hp and 1310 lb. -ft. of torque for the 388 cui unit. British BriSCA F1 Stock Cars (and their counterparts from the Netherlands) use American V8 engines for racing; typically Chevrolet small blocks for tarmac tracks and big blocks, displacing as much as , for racing on shale ovals. V8 Hotstox, which often run at the same fixtures as BriSCA

SAT
collectively known as the Scholastic Assessment Tests. According to the president of the College Board at the time, the name change was meant ""to correct the impression among some people that the SAT measures something that is innate and impervious to change regardless of effort or instruction."" The new SAT debuted in March 1994, and was referred to as the Scholastic Assessment Test by major news organizations. However, in 1997, the College Board announced that the SAT could not properly be called the Scholastic Assessment Test, and that the letters SAT did not stand for anything. In 2004, the Roman

SAT
SAT The SAT ( ) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Introduced in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times; originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, it was later called the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT I: Reasoning Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now, simply the SAT. The SAT is owned, developed, and published by the College Board, a private, non-profit organization in the United States. It is administered on behalf of the College Board by the Educational Testing Service, which until recently developed the SAT as well.

SAT
to support answers, a shift away from obscure vocabulary to words that students are more likely to encounter in college and career, a math section that is focused on fewer areas, a return to the 1600-point score scale, an optional essay, and the removal of penalty for wrong answers (rights-only scoring). To combat the perceived advantage of costly test preparation courses, the College Board announced a new partnership with Khan Academy to offer free online practice problems and instructional videos. The SAT has been renamed several times since its introduction in 1926. It was originally known as the Scholastic Aptitude

SAT
academies, or endowed schools. About 60% of those taking the test applied to Columbia University. The test contained sections on English, French, German, Latin, Greek, history, mathematics, chemistry, and physics. The test was not multiple choice, but instead was evaluated based on essay responses as ""excellent"", ""good"", ""doubtful"", ""poor"" or ""very poor"". The first administration of the SAT occurred on June 23, 1926, when it was known as the Scholastic Aptitude Test. This test, prepared by a committee headed by Princeton psychologist Carl Campbell Brigham, had sections of definitions, arithmetic, classification, artificial language, antonyms, number series, analogies, logical inference, and

SAT
in the northeastern United States, was formed in 1900 to establish a nationally administered, uniform set of essay tests based on the curricula of the boarding schools that typically provided graduates to the colleges of the Ivy League and Seven Sisters, among others. In the same time period, Lewis Terman and others began to promote the use of tests such as Alfred Binet's in American schools. Terman in particular thought that such tests could identify an innate ""intelligence quotient"" (IQ) in a person. The results of an IQ test could then be used to find an elite group of students

SAT
means to increase research activities. In 1951, about 80,000 SATs were taken; in 1961, about 800,000; and by 1971, about 1.5 million SATs were being taken each year. A timeline of notable events in the history of the SAT follows. On June 17, 1901, the first exams of the College Board were administered to 973 students across 67 locations in the United States, and two in Europe. Although those taking the test came from a variety of backgrounds, approximately one third were from New York, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania. The majority of those taking the test were from private schools,

SAT
explained by demographic changes, leaving unknown at least some of the reasons for the decline. In early 1994, substantial changes were made to the SAT. Antonyms were removed from the verbal section in order to make rote memorization of vocabulary less useful. Also, the fraction of verbal questions devoted to passage-based reading material was increased from about 30% to about 50%, and the passages were chosen to be more like typical college-level reading material, compared to previous SAT reading passages. The changes for increased emphasis on analytical reading were made in response to a 1990 report issued by a commission

SAT
of content than its predecessors, examining only antonyms, double definitions (somewhat similar to sentence completions), and paragraph reading. In 1936, analogies were re-added. Between 1936 and 1946, students had between 80 and 115 minutes to answer 250 verbal questions (over a third of which were on antonyms). The mathematics test introduced in 1930 contained 100 free response questions to be answered in 80 minutes, and focused primarily on speed. From 1936 to 1941, like the 1928 and 1929 tests, the mathematics section was eliminated entirely. When the mathematics portion of the test was re-added in 1942, it consisted of multiple

SAT
who would be given the chance to finish high school and go on to college. By the mid-1920s, the increasing use of IQ tests, such as the Army Alpha test administered to recruits in World War I, led the College Board to commission the development of the SAT. The commission, headed by Carl Brigham, argued that the test predicted success in higher education by identifying candidates primarily on the basis of intellectual promise rather than on specific accomplishment in high school subjects. In 1934, James Conant and Henry Chauncey used the SAT as a means to identify recipients for scholarships

SAT
to Harvard University. Specifically, Conant wanted to find students, other than those from the traditional northeastern private schools, that could do well at Harvard. The success of the scholarship program and the advent of World War II led to the end of the College Board essay exams and to the SAT being used as the only admissions test for College Board member colleges. The SAT rose in prominence after World War II due to several factors. Machine-based scoring of multiple-choice tests taken by pencil had made it possible to rapidly process the exams. The G.I. Bill produced an influx of

"Minimum wage in the United States"
Minimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through

Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, as well as the California cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Long Beach, San Jose, Richmond, and Oakland. In 2016, the District of Columbia Council passed a minimum wage ordinance that included a union waiver, but Mayor Vincent Gray vetoed it. Later that year, the council approved an increase without the union waiver. The federal minimum wage was introduced in 1938 at the rate of $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2018 dollars). By 1950 the minimum wage had risen to $0.75 per hour. The minimum wage had its highest purchasing power in 1968, when it was $1.60

of 1912. The strike brought national attention to the plight of the low wage textile workers, and pushed the state legislatures, who feared the magnitude of the strike, to enact progressive labor legislation. By 1923, fifteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia had passed minimum wage laws, with pressure being placed on state legislatures by the National Consumers League in a coalition with other women's voluntary associations and organized labor. The United States Supreme Court of the ""Lochner"" era (1897–1937), however, consistently invalidated labor regulation laws. Advocates for state minimum wage laws hoped that they would be upheld under

"History of the minimum wage"
first introduced nationally in 1938 by president Franklin D. Roosevelt. In addition to the federal minimum wage, nearly all states within the United States have their own minimum wage laws with the exception of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Sixteen states have a minimum wage that is higher than the federal minimum wage. In the 1960s, minimum wage laws were introduced into Latin America as part of the Alliance for Progress; however these minimum wages were, and are, low. In the European Union, 18 member states currently have national minimum wages. Many countries, such as Norway, Sweden, Finland,

to the May 2009 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2009 (when the federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour) were the following: Minimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a

Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish"" (1937) and upheld the constitutionality of minimum wage legislation enacted by Washington state and overturned the ""Adkins"" decision which marked the end of the ""Lochner"" era. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this time at a uniform rate of $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). The Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in ""United States v. Darby Lumber Co."" (1941), holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions. The 1938 minimum wage law only applied to ""employees engaged

gave women the right to vote and equal legal status. In 1933, the Roosevelt administration during the New Deal made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage regiment with the National Industrial Recovery Act, which set minimum wage and maximum hours on an industry and regional basis. The Supreme Court, however, in ""Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States"" (1935) ruled the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage regulations were abolished. Two years later after President Roosevelt's overwhelming reelection in 1936 and discussion of judicial reform, the Supreme Court took up the issue of labor legislation again in ""West

in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce,"" but in amendments in 1961 and 1966, the federal minimum wage was extended (with slightly different rates) to employees in large retail and service enterprises, local transportation and construction, state and local government employees, as well as other smaller expansions; a grandfather clause in 1990 drew most employees into the purview of federal minimum wage policy, which now set the wage at $3.80. The federal minimum wage in the United States was reset to its current rate of $7.25 per hour in July 2009. Some U.S. territories (such

"Minimum wage"
considerations weigh in as labor leaders seek to win support by demanding the highest possible rate. Other concerns include purchasing power, inflation indexing and standardized working hours. In the United States, the minimum wage promulgated by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. According to the Economic Policy Institute, the minimum wage in the United States would have been $18.28 in 2013 if the minimum wage had kept pace with labor productivity. To adjust for increased rates of worker productivity in the United States, raising the minimum wage to $22 (or more) an hour has been presented. According to the

end of the nineteenth century from the desire to end sweated labor which had developed in the wake of industrialization. Sweatshops employed large numbers of women and young workers, paying them what were considered nonliving wages that did not allow workers to afford the necessaries of life. Besides substandard wages, sweating was also associated with long work hours and unsanitary work conditions. From the 1890s to the 1920s, during the Progressive Era, a time of social activists and political reform across the United States, progressive reformers, women's organizations, religious figures, academics, and politicians all played an important role in getting

"Rational Dress Society"
Rational Dress Society The Rational Dress Society was an organisation founded in 1881 in London. It described its purpose thus: ""The Rational Dress Society protests against the introduction of any fashion in dress that either deforms the figure, impedes the movements of the body, or in any way tends to injure the health. It protests against the wearing of tightly-fitting corsets; of high-heeled shoes; of heavily-weighted skirts, as rendering healthy exercise almost impossible; and of all tie down cloaks or other garments impeding on the movements of the arms. It protests against crinolines or crinolettes of any kind as ugly

and deforming….[It] requires all to be dressed healthily, comfortably, and beautifully, to seek what conduces to birth, comfort and beauty in our dress as a duty to ourselves and each other."" In the catalogue of its inaugural exhibition, it listed the attributes of ""perfect"" dress as: Leading members of the Society were Lady Harberton (who created the divided skirt), Mary Eliza Haweis and Constance Wilde (wife of Oscar Wilde). Woman cyclists, such as members of the Lady Cyclists' Association, were keen advocates of women's right to dress appropriately for the activity, as part of a belief that cycling offered women

an opportunity to escape overly restrictive societal norms. In 1889, a member of the Rational Dress Society, Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, staged a coup at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Newcastle upon Tyne, when she arranged an impromptu addition to the programme on the subject of rational dress. Her speech was reported by newspapers across Britain and the notion of rational dress was the biggest news from the meeting. Rational Dress Society The Rational Dress Society was an organisation founded in 1881 in London. It described its purpose thus: ""The Rational Dress Society protests

"Victorian dress reform"
Victorian dress reform Victorian dress reform was an objective of the Victorian dress reform movement (also known as the rational dress movement) of the middle and late Victorian era, comprising various reformers who proposed, designed, and wore clothing considered more practical and comfortable than the fashions of the time. Dress reformists were largely middle class women involved in the first wave of feminism in the United States and in Britain, from the 1850s through the 1890s. The movement emerged in the Progressive Era along with calls for temperance, women's education, suffrage and moral purity. Dress reform called for emancipation from

"Artistic Dress movement"
Artistic Dress movement Artistic Dress was a fashion movement in the second half of the nineteenth century that rejected highly structured and heavily trimmed Victorian trends in favour of beautiful materials and simplicity of design. It arguably developed in Britain in the early 1850s, influenced by artistic circles such as the Pre-Raphaelites, and Dress Reform movements. It subsequently developed into more specific categories such as Aesthetic Dress and Künstlerkleid on the continent. Dante Gabriel Rossetti and other members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood were conscious archaizers, emulating the work of the ""old masters"" and choosing romantic, medieval subjects. They dressed their

undergarments themselves, all suggest that the corset was almost universal as daily wear by women and young ladies (and numerous fashionable men) throughout much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most famous product of the dress reform era is the bloomers suit. In 1851, a New England temperance activist named Elizabeth Smith Miller (Libby Miller) adopted what she considered a more rational costume: loose trousers gathered at the ankles, like the trousers worn by Middle Eastern and Central Asian women, topped by a short dress or skirt and vest (waistcoat). She displayed her new clothing to temperance activist

"Victorian fashion"
Rational Dress Movement in the mid-to-late Victorian Era advocating natural silhouette, lightweight underwear, and rejecting tightlacing. However, these movements did not gain widespread support. Others noted the growth in cycling and tennis as acceptable feminine pursuits that demanded a greater ease of movement in women's clothing. Still others argued that the growing popularity of tailored semi-masculine suits was simply a fashionable style, and indicated neither advanced views nor the need for practical clothes. Nonetheless, the diversification in options and adoption of what was considered menswear at that time coincided with growing power and social status of women towards the late-Victorian

"Men's Dress Reform Party"
Men's Dress Reform Party The Men's Dress Reform Party (MDRP) was a reform movement in interwar Britain. While the party's main concerns were the impact of clothes on men's health and hygiene, their mission also aimed to increase the variety and choice in men's clothing. The injuries and casualties of World War I shifted the public's focus to the capabilities and general health of the human body, and a general concern for the social and medical impacts of clothing grew. The New Health Society, an entity formed to effectuate change in these areas, was composed of a group of professionals

the ""dictates of fashion"", expressed a desire to “cover the limbs as well as the torso adequately,” and promoted ""rational dress"". The movement had its greatest success in the reform of women's undergarments, which could be modified without exposing the wearer to social ridicule. Dress reformers were also influential in persuading women to adopt simplified garments for athletic activities such as bicycling or swimming. The movement was much less concerned with men's clothing, although it initiated the widespread adoption of knitted wool union suits or long johns. Some proponents of the movement established dress reform parlors, or storefronts, where women

"Men's Dress Furnishings Association"
Men's Dress Furnishings Association The Men's Dress Furnishings Association was a trade association based in New York, New York which promoted men's fashion accessories with a primary focus on dress shirts and neckties. The group also educated consumers at high schools and colleges. Founded in 1947 as the Men's Tie Foundation, they changed their name to the Neckwear Association of America in 1978. In 2003, due to a decline in its membership as a result of manufacturers closing, consolidating, or losing business to overseas competition, the Association added dress shirt manufacturers to boost their membership and became the Men's Dress

"Babar: King of the Elephants"
well as other common city buildings such as a hospital, a theatre, and a courthouse. As they are establishing roles for all of the animal citizens within their new city, Celeste reveals to Babar that she is pregnant; she later gives birth to triplets Flora, Pom, and Alexander. Problems eventually begin to arise in the City of the Elephants, including Madame being bitten by a snake while protecting Zephir and Cornelius being struck unconscious by a fallen beam when his hut catches fire. In hopes of distracting Babar from these events, Celeste plans a picnic for the family, Arthur, and

"Chimpanzee (film)"
April 22. Oscar is the nickname of a young chimpanzee in his toddler years. He is part of a close-knit tribe of chimpanzees. They occupy a forest territory which is rich in native fruits, nuts, and figs, among other things. The chimps hunt small tree monkeys, and they also eat termites collected with primitive tools made from sticks. They also use rocks as tools to crack nuts. Oscar is tended by his mother, nicknamed Isha, and from her he begins learning many things about how to survive in the jungle. In the chaos of an attempted raid by a rival

"Hugo the Hippo"
problem, the Sultan charges his advisor, Aban-Khan, to bring twelve hippos from Africa into the harbor to keep the sharks away. His idea works well enough, but once the hippos are no longer a novelty and the people no longer feed them, they begin to starve. After the hungry hippos rampage through the city looking for food, Aban-Khan viciously slaughters all the hippos except one, a little baby hippo named Hugo. Hugo escapes across the sea to the city of Dar es Salaam, on the African mainland. A group of children, led by a farmer boy named Jorma, find Hugo

"Tarzan (1999 film)"
named Kala hears the cries of the orphaned infant, and finds him in the treehouse. Kala encounters Sabor, and escapes with the infant in her possession. Kala takes the infant back to her troop to raise as her own, an action of which her mate, Kerchak, the leader disapproves. Kala raises the human child, naming him Tarzan. At age five, Tarzan begins to befriend other animals, including his adoptive cousin and Kala and Kerchak's niece Terk and a paranoid male elephant named Tantor; but he is treated differently due to his different physique, so he makes great efforts to improve

"Elephants Can Remember"
homes, and was believed to have been involved in two violent incidents in Asia, including the drowning of her infant son after the death of her husband; a month before the couple died, Dorothea had been sleep-walking and died after falling off a cliff. Desmond later gives Poirot the names of governesses who had served the Ravenscroft family, one of whom, Zélie Meauhourat, travelled to Lausanne after the couple's death. Poirot soon turns his attention to the Burton-Cox family, and towards Desmond's birth, as Mrs Burton-Cox is his adoptive mother; Desmond knows he is adopted but doesn't know any details

that the elephants have long forgotten the meaning behind the words of the song over the years; the birds, however, remember as they have been around for the same period of time as the elephants. Marabou provides a brief introduction to the story that is about to unfold, which begins with a historically significant event: the birth of Babar the elephant. In the Great Forest, Babar lives a happy childhood being cared for by his loving mother and playing with the other young elephants, including his friends Arthur and Celeste. One day while walking alone with Babar, Babar's mother is

Zephir; her efforts are successful until an unsupervised Alexander stows away in a basket that drifts away in the lake, almost eaten by a crocodile and nearly drowning before he is saved by his parents. That night, Babar's troubles manifest in a nightmare in which he is threatened by a visit from the demon Misfortune, but he is awoken by Flora the next morning to discover that both Cornelius and Madame are well on their way to recovering from their respective ordeals. The elephants rejoice in the completion of their beautiful new city, for which Babar proposes a new name:

"Sheena, Queen of the Jungle"
her wake. The 2007 reboot of ""Sheena, Queen of the Jungle"" also places Sheena in a South American jungle rather than an African one. Sheena is the young blond daughter of Cardwell Rivington, who is exploring in Africa with his daughter in tow. When Cardwell dies from accidentally drinking a magic potion made by Koba, a native witch doctor, Sheena is orphaned. Koba raises the young girl as his daughter, teaching her the ways of the jungle and various central African languages. The adult Sheena becomes ""queen of the jungle"" and acquires a monkey sidekick named Chim. Originally costumed in

works as Dr Willoughby's filing clerk and turns out to be his mistress. The character is ultimately revealed to be Dorothea Jarrow's daughter, who is avenging her mother for the cruel treatments she experienced at the hands of Professor Willoughby (an entirely fictional version of hydrotherapy), and also for her mother's murder (as she was at Overcliffe on the day of the tragedy and overheard General Ravenscroft make his plans) by trying to kill both Celia and Desmond. Zélie spirited her away to Canada after the tragedy, and she had to wait thirteen years before she could earn enough money

"Tarzan Finds a Son!"
Cheeta, Tarzan's chimpanzee. Tarzan and Jane adopt the child and name him ""Boy."" Five years later, a search party comes looking for Boy, because he is the heir to the Greystoke family fortune worth millions. The search party is led by the Lancing family, who are distant cousins of Greystoke. Tarzan and Jane claim the child is dead and that Boy is theirs, but the elder Lancing, Sir Thomas, recognizes Boy's eyes. The younger Lancings suggest leaving Boy and taking the inheritance. When Sir Thomas objects, they say they will take him back and, as legal guardians, still control the

Ferritin
Ferritin Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including algae, bacteria, higher plants, and animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. Ferritin is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein, but small amounts are secreted into the serum where it functions as an iron carrier. Plasma ferritin is also an indirect marker of the total amount of iron stored in the body, hence serum ferritin is used as a diagnostic test for iron-deficiency anemia.

Ferritin
in the body. However, ferritin levels may be artificially high in cases of anemia of chronic disease where ferritin is elevated in its capacity as an inflammatory acute phase protein and not as a marker for iron overload. A normal ferritin blood level, referred to as the reference interval is determined by many testing laboratories. The ranges for ferritin can vary between laboratories but typical ranges would be between 30–300 ng/mL (=μg/L) for males, and 18–160 ng/mL (=μg/L) for females. If the ferritin level is low, there is a risk for lack of iron, which could lead to anemia. In

Ferritin
genetic sequence, from the somatic ferritin. It is produced in the midgut glands and secreted into the haemolymph, whence it is transported to the eggs. Ferritin is also used in materials science as a precursor in making iron nanoparticles for carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition. In vertebrates, ferritin is usually found within cells, although it is also present in smaller quantities in the plasma. Serum ferritin levels are measured in medical laboratories as part of the iron studies workup for iron-deficiency anemia. The ferritin levels measured usually have a direct correlation with the total amount of iron stored

"Human feces"
biomass, 2–25% protein or nitrogenous matter, 25% carbohydrate or undigested plant matter and 2–15% fat. Protein and fat come from the colon due to secretion, epithelial shedding and gut bacterial action. These proportions vary considerably depending on many factors such as mainly diet and body weight. The remaining solids are composed of calcium and iron phosphates, intestinal secretions, small amounts of dried epithelial cells, and mucus. The Fecal pH test for healthy humans is a pH of 6.6. Sometimes food may make an appearance in the feces. Common undigested foods found in human feces are seeds, nuts, corn, and beans,

"Fractional excretion of sodium"
Fractional excretion of sodium The fractional excretion of sodium (FE) is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine. It is measured in terms of plasma and urine sodium, rather than by the interpretation of urinary sodium concentration alone, as urinary sodium concentrations can vary with water reabsorption. Therefore, the urinary and plasma concentrations of sodium must be compared to get an accurate picture of renal clearance. In clinical use, the fractional excretion of sodium can be calculated as part of the evaluation of acute kidney failure in order to determine if hypovolemia

of <3% represents volume depletion, and a FE as high as 4% may represent maximal sodium conservation in critically ill preterm neonates. The FE may also be spuriously elevated in children with adrenal insufficiency or pre-existing kidney disease (such as obstructive uropathy) due to salt wasting. The FE is generally less than 1% in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and acute glomerulonephropathy. Although often reliable at discriminating between prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis, the FE has been reported to be <1% occasionally with oliguric and nonoliguric acute tubular necrosis, urinary tract obstruction, acute glomerulonephritis, renal allograft rejection, sepsis, and drug-related

Ferric
because all known forms of life require iron and ordinary iron(III) compounds are insoluble in an aerobic environment. Iron-deficiency anemia illustrates the problems resulting from low iron intake. Many foods contain soluble iron compounds and are therefore necessary for good nutrition. The low bioavailability of iron affects all forms of life. Bacteria secrete iron-attracting agents called siderophores that form soluble compounds of iron that can be reabsorbed into the cell and used in building iron-containing metalloproteins.It forms mettalloprotein ferritin in our body and stores in this form. The impact of increasing the bioavailability of iron was famously demonstrated by an

Creatine
primarily takes place in the kidney and liver, with creatine then being transported to the muscles via the blood. The majority of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores is located in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues. Typically, creatine is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Some small studies suggest that total muscle creatine is significantly lower in vegetarians

"Chromium(III) picolinate"
passed along to transferrin. The exact mechanism of release is currently unknown, however, it is believed not to occur by a single electron reduction, as in the case of Fe, due to the high instability of Cr. Administered Cr can be found in all tissues ranging from 10–100 μg/kg body weight. It is excreted primarily in the urine (80%) while the rest is excreted in sweat and feces. Transferrin, in addition to chromodulin has been identified as a major physiological chromium transport agent, although a recent study found that Cr in fact disables transferrin from acting as a metal ion

"Human iron metabolism"
blood, and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. The liver's stores of ferritin are the primary physiologic source of reserve iron in the body. The reserves of iron in industrialized countries tend to be lower in children and women of child-bearing age than in men and in the elderly. Women who must use their stores to compensate for iron lost through menstruation, pregnancy or lactation have lower non-hemoglobin

"The Pussycat Dolls"
albums, the band became the best selling girl group of the past decade, digital era, and fourth of all time. Since the group's formation in 2003, the Pussycat Dolls have sold 54 million records worldwide. VH1 included the Pussycat Dolls one of the 100 Greatest Women in Music in 2012. ""Billboard"" also ranked the group as one of the best selling acts of the 2000−09 decade. The Pussycat Dolls are one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. James Montgomery of MTV commented that the success of the group's debut album ""PCD"" made the Dolls ""the heirs to the

"Christina Aguilera"
2014, Touch of Seduction in 2015, Glam X in 2016 and Definition in 2017. Christina Aguilera Christina María Aguilera (; born December 18, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Her work has earned her five Grammy Awards, one Latin Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. In 2009, she ranked at number 58 on ""Rolling Stone""s list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, thereby becoming the youngest and the only artist under 30

Christina Aguilera Christina María Aguilera (; born December 18, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Her work has earned her five Grammy Awards, one Latin Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. In 2009, she ranked at number 58 on ""Rolling Stone""s list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, thereby becoming the youngest and the only artist under 30 to be named. ""Billboard"" recognized her as the 20th most successful artist of the

"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart"
in 2016 as the number one dance duo/group over the 40 years since the chart's inception in 1976, and ranked fourth among the most successful Dance Club Songs act behind only Madonna, Janet Jackson and Donna Summer, the three-time Brit Award winners and six-time Grammy nominees picked up their first number one in 1986 with ""West End Girls,"" which also became their first number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 that same year. The act's recent number one came in 2016 with ""The Pop Kids."" American singer, songwriter, actress, producer, and television personality Christina Aguilera has accumulated a total of

"TLC (group)"
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). TLC also became the first R&B group in history to receive Million certification from the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for ""FanMail"" (1999). Having sold over 65 million records worldwide, TLC is the best-selling American girl group and second worldwide to the English group Spice Girls. VH1 ranked TLC as the greatest female group, placing them at number 12 on the list of 100 Greatest Women in Music. ""Billboard"" magazine ranked TLC as one of the greatest musical trios, as well as the seventh most successful act of the 1990s. The group's accolades

"Barbra Streisand discography"
Barbra Streisand discography Barbra Streisand is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and author. Her discography consists of 117 singles, 36 studio albums, and 9 compilations, 7 live albums and 15 soundtracks. She is the best-selling female music artist of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States and with a total of 245 million records sold worldwide, making her the best-selling female artist among the top-selling artists recognized by the Recording Industry Association of America. (The only female in the top ten, and the only artist outside the rock 'n' roll genre.) In the United States, she

"2000s in music"
the 2000s. Beyoncé, Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland, better known as Destiny's Child is the most successful female R&B group of all time, selling over 50 million records worldwide during the 2000s. The group has many chart topping singles worldwide, such as ""Survivor"", ""Say My Name"", ""Bootylicious"", ""Independent Women Part 1"" and ""Jumpin' Jumpin'"". Usher was named the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade and the 2nd most successful artist of the 2000s decade. He released the album ""Confessions"" which went on to become the best-selling album of 2004 and the second best-selling album of the 2000s. He

"Olivia Newton-John"
Olivia Newton-John Olivia Newton-John, (born 26 September 1948) is an English-Australian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur, and activist. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other top ten ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles, and two number-one ""Billboard"" 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She starred in the musical film ""Grease"", and is

"Girl group"
become global mainstream acceptance. TLC remains the best-selling American girl group with 65 million records sold, and their second studio album, CrazySexyCool (1994), remains the best-selling album by a girl group in the United States (Diamond certification), while selling over 14 million copies worldwide. Destiny's Child emerged in the late 1990s and sold more than 60 million records. Despite the dying popularity of girl groups in the US in the mid-2000s, American girl group and dance ensemble the Pussycat Dolls achieved worldwide success with their singles. Following their disbandment, the format became a very minor format with a small number

"Women in music"
retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014. The physical singles market is dominated by Japanese idol women artists, with 9 out of the top 10 best-selling singles in the country in 2015 belonging to either the idol girl group AKB48 or its ""sister"" and ""rival"" groups. AKB48 has had the best-selling singles of the year in the country for the past six years and the group is also the best-selling act in Japan by number of singles sold. Japanese American singer and songwriter Utada Hikaru has the best-selling album in the country, ""First Love"". The vast majority of major

epidemiologists attempt to explain the link between health and variables such as

Epidemiology
Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences. Major areas of epidemiological

causal factors. These can include case-control studies or prospective studies. A case-control study would involve matching comparable controls without the disease to the cases in the series. A prospective study would involve following the case series over time to evaluate the disease's natural history. The latter type, more formally described as self-controlled case-series studies, divide individual patient follow-up time into exposed and unexposed periods and use fixed-effects Poisson regression processes to compare the incidence rate of a given outcome between exposed and unexposed periods. This technique has been extensively used in the study of adverse reactions to vaccination and has

the relationship between these biomarkers analyzed at the molecular level, and disease was broadly named ""molecular epidemiology"". Specifically, ""genetic epidemiology"" has been used for epidemiology of germline genetic variation and disease. Genetic variation is typically determined using DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. Since the 2000s, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been commonly performed to identify genetic risk factors for many diseases and health conditions. While most molecular epidemiology studies are still using conventional disease diagnosis and classification systems, it is increasingly recognized that disease progression represents inherently heterogeneous processes differing from person to person. Conceptually, each individual has a unique

way to generate or expand theory, to test hypotheses, and to make educated, informed assertions about which relationships are causal, and about exactly how they are causal. Epidemiologists emphasize that the ""one cause – one effect"" understanding is a simplistic mis-belief. Most outcomes, whether disease or death, are caused by a chain or web consisting of many component causes. Causes can be distinguished as necessary, sufficient or probabilistic conditions. If a necessary condition can be identified and controlled (e.g., antibodies to a disease agent, energy in an injury), the harmful outcome can be avoided (Robertson, 2015). In 1965, Austin Bradford

unexposed cases (C) and unexposed controls (D). The statistic generated to measure association is the odds ratio (OR), which is the ratio of the odds of exposure in the cases (A/C) to the odds of exposure in the controls (B/D), i.e. OR = (AD/BC). If the OR is significantly greater than 1, then the conclusion is ""those with the disease are more likely to have been exposed,"" whereas if it is close to 1 then the exposure and disease are not likely associated. If the OR is far less than one, then this suggests that the exposure is a protective

the work of Louis Pasteur. In the early 20th century, mathematical methods were introduced into epidemiology by Ronald Ross, Janet Lane-Claypon, Anderson Gray McKendrick, and others. Another breakthrough was the 1954 publication of the results of a British Doctors Study, led by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, which lent very strong statistical support to the link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer. In the late 20th century, with advancement of biomedical sciences, a number of molecular markers in blood, other biospecimens and environment were identified as predictors of development or risk of a certain disease. Epidemiology research to examine

criteria for quality. Among the mortality surveys, only 3.2% met the criteria for quality. As nutritional status and mortality rates help indicate the severity of a crisis, the tracking and reporting of these health factors is crucial. Vital registries are usually the most effective ways to collect data, but in humanitarian contexts these registries can be non-existent, unreliable, or inaccessible. As such, mortality is often inaccurately measured using either prospective demographic surveillance or retrospective mortality surveys. Prospective demographic surveillance requires lots of manpower and is difficult to implement in a spread-out population. Retrospective morality surveys are prone to selection and

is reduced by ½. Although epidemiology is sometimes viewed as a collection of statistical tools used to elucidate the associations of exposures to health outcomes, a deeper understanding of this science is that of discovering ""causal"" relationships. ""Correlation does not imply causation"" is a common theme for much of the epidemiological literature. For epidemiologists, the key is in the term inference. Correlation, or at least association between two variables, is a necessary but not sufficient criteria for inference that one variable causes the other. Epidemiologists use gathered data and a broad range of biomedical and psychosocial theories in an iterative

to note that such a difference in response will not lead to bias if it is not also associated with a systematic difference in outcome between the two response groups. Information bias is bias arising from systematic error in the assessment of a variable. An example of this is recall bias. A typical example is again provided by Sackett in his discussion of a study examining the effect of specific exposures on fetal health: ""in questioning mothers whose recent pregnancies had ended in fetal death or malformation (cases) and a matched group of mothers whose pregnancies ended normally (controls) it

(RR), which is the probability of disease for a person in the exposed group, ""P"" = ""A"" / (""A"" + ""B"") over the probability of disease for a person in the unexposed group, ""P"" = ""C"" / (""C"" + ""D""), i.e. ""RR"" = ""P"" / ""P"". As with the OR, a RR greater than 1 shows association, where the conclusion can be read ""those with the exposure were more likely to develop disease."" Prospective studies have many benefits over case control studies. The RR is a more powerful effect measure than the OR, as the OR is just an estimation

"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles"
Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in

was held on 16 February 2018. The free skating was held on 17 February 2018. The skaters were ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the

Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall, and placed fourth. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Alexander Lakernik, ISU Figure Skating Vice President. Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics. Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads, five clean. He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics. With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating.

1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics. After the short program, Hanyu, Fernández, Uno, and Jin Boyang were first, second, third, and fourth respectively. Nathan Chen, originally one of the favorites for the podium, skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th, but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08--8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu. He ended up fifth overall. In the free program,

"Denis Ten"
the public gathered to pay their respects. A mourning rally was also held at the Barys Arena in Astana. ""GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix"" ""Small medals for short programs and free skating awarded only at ISU Championships."" Denis Ten Denis Yuryevich Ten (; ; 13 June 1993 – 19 July 2018) was a Kazakhstani figure skater. He was the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist, a two-time World medalist (silver in 2013, bronze in 2015), the 2015 Four Continents champion, the 2017 Winter Universiade champion, and a five-time national champion of Kazakhstan. Ten was the first skater

"Nathan Chen"
ISU Championships."" ! colspan=""3"" style=""border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;"" |World Record Holders Nathan Chen Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999) is an American figure skater who competes in the men's singles discipline. He is the 2018 World champion, the 2018 Winter Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, the 2017 Four Continents champion, a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2017, 2018), and a two-time U.S. national champion (2017, 2018). Chen is the first and currently only skater competing with five quadruple jumps: toe loop, salchow, loop, flip and lutz. Nathan Chen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and he has

"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating"
Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford

A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00. The short program

"2017–18 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men"
2017–18 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men The 2017–18 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men started on Thursday 30 November, 2017 in Östersund and finished on Wednesday 10 January, 2018 in Ruhpolding. The defending titlist was Martin Fourcade of France. The small crystal globe winner for the category was tied between Johannes Thingnes Bø of Norway and Martin Fourcade of France. The individual race is the oldest biathlon event; the distance is skied over five laps. The biathlete shoots four times at any shooting lane, in the order of prone, standing, prone, standing, totalling 20 targets. For each missed target

"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event"
Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event The team event was a figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics that was held from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. It took place over three days between 9–12 February with the short programs and the short dance taking place on 9 and 11 February, and the free skates and the free dance taking place on 11 and 12 February. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tricia Smith, Lydia Nsekera, and Britta Heidemann, members of the International

"Blair Dunlop"
Blair Dunlop Blair Dunlop (born 11 February 1992) is an English musician and actor. Dunlop is the son of folk-rock musician Ashley Hutchings (formerly a member of Fairport Convention) and singer Judy Dunlop. He received a scholarship to attend Foremarke Hall, in Derbyshire, which he attended from 2003–2005 and then moved onto Foremarke Hall’s senior school, Repton School. As a young actor, Dunlop made his film debut with an American accent in ""Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"" (2005), directed by Tim Burton. Dunlop played the young Willy Wonka, a child under strict rule by his father. Dunlop was also on

"Peter Ostrum"
Peter Ostrum Peter Gardner Ostrum (; born November 1, 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture ""Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory"". Ostrum was 12 years old when selected by talent agents for ""Willy Wonka"". Though he enjoyed the experience of shooting the film, he opted not to sign a three-film contract when it was over. After eschewing a career in film and theatre, Ostrum became reluctant to speak about his one starring role. In 1990, he began an annual tradition of speaking to schoolchildren

on Call"", funded by Pfizer, highlighting the work of large animal veterinarians. Peter Ostrum Peter Gardner Ostrum (; born November 1, 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture ""Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory"". Ostrum was 12 years old when selected by talent agents for ""Willy Wonka"". Though he enjoyed the experience of shooting the film, he opted not to sign a three-film contract when it was over. After eschewing a career in film and theatre, Ostrum became reluctant to speak about his one starring

"Cameron Moulène"
Cameron Moulène Cameron Moulène (born 25 November 1993) is a French-American actor. He is well known for playing Will Armstrong on ""Happyland"" and Josh Bennett on the YouTube Red series ""Foursome"". Moulène was born in Paris but moved to Los Angeles when he was two years old. He studied at the Lee Strasberg Theater and Film Institute and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He speaks fluent French, English and Spanish, as well as broken Italian and Malagasy. When he was chosen to play Orlando in ""As You Like It"" in a school production, his interest in

"Jonathan Slinger"
title role of ""Macbeth"", a new production by Michael Boyd which was the first Shakespeare play to appear in the revamped Royal Shakespeare Theatre. In 2012 he played Malvolio and Prospero for the RSC in London and Stratford, and in 2013 he played Hamlet. From May 2015, he started playing Willy Wonka in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical in London at Theatre Royal Drury Lane. Jonathan Slinger Jonathan Charles Slinger (born 15 August 1972) is an English actor. Slinger was born in Accrington, Lancashire. He trained at RADA, graduating in 1994. From there, he went to work at

"Noah Schnapp"
Noah Schnapp Noah Schnapp (born October 3, 2004) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror web television series ""Stranger Things"". His other acting roles include the voice of Charlie Brown in the animated movie"" The Peanuts Movie"" and Roger Donovan in Steven Spielberg's historical drama film ""Bridge of Spies"". Schnapp was born in Scarsdale, New York to Mitchell and Karine Schnapp. He has a twin sister named Chloe. Schnapp's family is from Montreal, Quebec, Canada and he has Canadian citizenship. He is Jewish. Schnapp's desire for acting started when

"James Wolk"
James Wolk James Wolk 22 March 1985 is an American actor. He is known for various roles in film and television, including his starring role as Jackson Oz in the drama series ""Zoo"", Charlie in the 2012 comedy film ""For a Good Time, Call..."", and Zach Cropper in the CBS sitcom ""The Crazy Ones"". Wolk was born in Farmington Hills, Michigan, the son of Edie, an art teacher, and Robert Wolk, a shoe store owner. His family is Jewish, and Wolk was raised in Reform Judaism. During his teenage years, Wolk worked as an emcee at Bar and Bat Mitzvahs.

"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical)"
London Palladium. Producers cast Douglas Hodge in the lead role of Willy Wonka, with further casting announced on 11 January 2013. Previews of the show were delayed by five days until 22 May, due to ""unforeseen problems in the delivery of a piece of stage engineering by a contractor"". Shortly after opening night the show's producers extended booking period through May 2014, with a further extension to November 2014, after ticket sales of approximately 300,000 through October 2013. In February 2015, the production booking further extended through 3 December 2016. The show currently holds the record for the highest weekly

"Charlie Korsmo"
Charlie Korsmo Charles Randolph Korsmo (born July 20, 1978) is an American former child actor and lawyer. Korsmo was born in Fargo, North Dakota, the son of Deborah Ruf, an educational psychologist, and John Korsmo, former owner of Cass County Abstract and former chairman of the Federal Housing Finance Board. Korsmo is of Italian, Irish and German descent. He was raised in the Minneapolis suburb of Golden Valley, where he attended and graduated from Breck School in 1996. He has one older brother, Ted (born 1976), and one younger brother, Joe (born 1983). He is married to Adrienne, with whom

"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)"
Elfman contributed to a film score using written songs and his vocals. Filming took place from June to December 2004 at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom. ""Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"" was released to positive critical reception and was a box office success, grossing $475 million worldwide. Charlie Bucket (Freddie Highmore) is a poor boy who lives near the Wonka Candy Company. The company's owner, Willy Wonka (Johnny Depp), has for long closed access to his factory due to problems concerning industrial espionage that led him to fire all his employees, among them Charlie's Grandpa Joe (David Kelly). One

where was the first session of the assam association held in1905

"Golaghat Convention"
Golaghat Convention The Golaghat Convention was a historic national convention of the people of Assam, organised in Golaghat for 2 days from 13–14 October 1985. The 2 days' convention led to the formation of Assam's first major political party under the name and style of Asom Gana Parishad (AGP), and formally launched in Golaghat on 14 October 1985. After intense negotiations with the then New Delhi government, headed by the prime minister ""Rajiv Gandhi"", the All Assam Students Union (AASU) agreed to sign–off the Assam Accord with the government on 15 August 1985. The Indian National Congress mostly dominated the

Assam Movement of 1979–85. Thus, the core principles of the convention were, but not not limited the following: Golaghat Convention The Golaghat Convention was a historic national convention of the people of Assam, organised in Golaghat for 2 days from 13–14 October 1985. The 2 days' convention led to the formation of Assam's first major political party under the name and style of Asom Gana Parishad (AGP), and formally launched in Golaghat on 14 October 1985. After intense negotiations with the then New Delhi government, headed by the prime minister ""Rajiv Gandhi"", the All Assam Students Union (AASU) agreed to

the need to consolidate political power in Assam's politics by instituting a major regional political party. Thus, AASU transformed itself into Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) on 14 October 1985 in Golaghat. AASU's President Prafulla Kumar Mahanta was elected as the President of the AGP. Smaller parties and organisations such as ""Asom Jatiyabadi Dal"", ""Purbanchaliya Loka Parishad"" and Asam Sahitya Sabha regrouped with the AGP. The AGP swept the 1985 Assembly elections, thereby forming the government in Assam that year. The base for the electoral realignment, leading to the formation of AGP in this convention, was set–up via the principles of

"Assam Sahitya Sabha"
being. The first conference was held in the month of December 1917 under the presidency of Padmanath Gohain Baruah, a big name in the history of modern Assamese literature. Sarat Chandra Goswami was the first secretary of the Sabha. Since then the annual conference, nowadays biennial, is held with great pomp and grandeur, and a writer of high reputation is elected to the presidency of the Society. Before formal formation of Asam Sahitya Sabha, Sahitya Kandari Padma Nath Gohain Baruah had established Kohima Sahitya Sabha at Kohima, Nagaland, in the month of December, 1895. Padma Nath Gohain Baruah was Founder

"All India Women's Conference"
as late 1925 by writing to other women's groups and to friends to come together to discuss education for women. The first meeting held in Poona saw 2,000 attendees who met at the Fergusson College Hall on Poona University. Most of the attendees were observers, but others were women that Cousins had brought together to help create the AIWC. Amrit Kaur was one of the founding members of AIWC. One of the first secretaries of AIWC was Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. Beginning in 1928, AIWC began to raise money to open the Lady Irwin College of Domestic Science. Also in 1928, the

"Assam Movement"
the Government of India. The agitation leaders formed a political party, Assam Gana Parishad. It came to power in the state of Assam in the Assembly elections of 1985 and later in 1996. In 1978 Hiralal Patwari died, requiring a by-election in the Mangaldoi Lok Sabha Constituency to fill his seat. During the process of the election, observers noticed that the number of registered voters had grown dramatically. AASU demanded that the elections be postponed till the names of foreign nationals were deleted from the electoral rolls. The Assam Agitation developed from there. On 27 November 1979, AASU-AAGSP combine called

electoral history of Assam from the first election of 1952. For many years, the citizens of Assam were raising the demand for steps against the illegal foreign immigrants who had entered the state of Assam through the porous border, mostly from Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and occupied areas of the state, thus threatening the economic, political, social and cultural existence of the indigenous people of the state. The All Assam Students Union (AASU), under the leadership of ""Prafulla Kumar Mahanta"" (President) and late ""Bhrigu Kumar Phukan"" (General Secretary), and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP), reached out to the

"Indian National Conference"
Indian National Conference Indian National Conference is called as predecessor of Indian National Congress. Surendranath Banerjee and Anandamohan Bose were main organsers. Two sessions of it were held in 1883 and 1885, which had representative drawn from all major towns. The first Indian National Conference was held in Kolkata at Albert Hall from 28 to 30 December 1883. The second Indian National Conference was also held in Kolkata from 25 to 27 December 1885. Along with the Indian Association, the National Mohammadan Association and the British Indian Association were also conveners of this meeting. At its last day, the second

"History of Assam"
itself into the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee (with 5 seats in AICC) in 1920–21. Dyarchy (1921–1937): Under the Government of India Act 1919 the Assam Legislative Council membership was increased to 53, of which 33 were elected by special constituencies. The powers of the Council were increased too; but in effect, the official group, consisting of the Europeans, the nominated members etc. had the most influence. Assam Legislative Assembly (1937–1947): Under the Government of India Act 1935, the Council was expanded into an Assembly of 108 members, with even more powers. The period saw the sudden rise of Gopinath Bordoloi

"Indian National Association"
Prasanna Kumar Tagore in 1838. and the Adi Brahmo Sabha founded in 1866. In 1851 it took shape as the British Indian Association with Debendranath Tagore as its Honorary Secretary. In 1857 the Association supported the East India Company in the Sepoy Mutiny, calling for stern punishment for the rebels. In 1866 Pandit Navin Chandra Roy was appointed Secretary of the Association, a post which he held for 4 years, before he finally moved to Lahore in the course of his employment. Ramanath Tagore was the President from 1867 to 1877. After a stormy meeting in 1870 a resolution moved

"Anna Popplewell"
Anna Popplewell Anna Katherine Popplewell (born 16 December 1988) is an English film, television and theatre actress. She is known for her role as Susan Pevensie in """"The Chronicles of Narnia"" film series"" since 2005, as Chyler Silva in """" since 2012 and Lady Lola in ""Reign"" from 2013–2016. Popplewell, oldest of three children, is the daughter of the High Court judge Andrew Popplewell and Dr. Debra Lomas, a dermatologist who studied at Newnham College Cambridge. She was born in London. Her siblings are actress Lulu Popplewell, who starred as Daisy in ""Love Actually"", and Freddie Popplewell, who starred as

"Georgie Henley"
School. She graduated from Clare College, Cambridge with a Bachelor of Arts in English on 22 June 2016. She is a supporter of SOS Children's Villages, an international orphan charity providing homes and mothers for orphaned and abandoned children. Georgie Henley Georgina Helen Henley is an English actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Lucy Pevensie in ""The Chronicles of Narnia"" film series. Henley was born to Helen and Mike Henley in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, where she attended Moorfield School for Girls before attending Bradford Grammar School. She has two older sisters, Rachael and Laura. Rachael played the

Georgie Henley Georgina Helen Henley is an English actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Lucy Pevensie in ""The Chronicles of Narnia"" film series. Henley was born to Helen and Mike Henley in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, where she attended Moorfield School for Girls before attending Bradford Grammar School. She has two older sisters, Rachael and Laura. Rachael played the older version of Lucy Pevensie in """". Henley made her acting debut as Lucy Pevensie in 2005 film """", based on the C.S. Lewis novel ""The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"". The film grossed over $745 million worldwide.

in cinemas 16 May 2008. She also made a cameo appearance in the third ""Narnia"" film, """". In 2012 she played the character Chyler Silva in the live action 5-part mini series """". In 2013 Popplewell played Lola, a friend of Mary, Queen of Scots, in ""Reign"". Filming took place in Ireland and Canada. She played the role until 2016. Anna Popplewell Anna Katherine Popplewell (born 16 December 1988) is an English film, television and theatre actress. She is known for her role as Susan Pevensie in """"The Chronicles of Narnia"" film series"" since 2005, as Chyler Silva in """"

"Tilda Swinton"
and received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for the psychological thriller ""We Need to Talk About Kevin"" (2011). She is also known for her performance as the White Witch in the ""Chronicles of Narnia series"" (2005–10). Her other film appearances include ""Female Perversions"" (1996), ""The War Zone"" (1998), ""The Beach"" (2000), ""Thumbsucker"" (2005), ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" (2008), ""Burn After Reading"" (2008), ""Moonrise Kingdom"" (2012), ""Only Lovers Left Alive"" (2013), ""Snowpiercer"" (2013), ""The Grand Budapest Hotel"" (2014), ""Trainwreck"" (2015), ""A Bigger Splash"" (2015), ""Doctor Strange"" (2016), ""Okja"" (2017), and ""Suspiria""

"The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian is a 2008 American high fantasy film based on ""Prince Caspian"", the second published, fourth chronological novel in C. S. Lewis's epic fantasy series, ""The Chronicles of Narnia"". It is the second in ""The Chronicles of Narnia"" film series from Walden Media, following """" (2005). William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, Skandar Keynes, Georgie Henley, Liam Neeson, and Tilda Swinton reprise their roles from the first film, while new cast includes Ben Barnes, Sergio Castellitto, Peter Dinklage, Eddie Izzard, Warwick Davis, Ken Stott, and Vincent Grass. In the film, the

"Julia Ormond"
Julia Ormond Julia Karin Ormond (born 4 January 1965) is an English actress. She rose to prominence appearing in such films as ""The Baby of Mâcon"" (1993), ""Legends of the Fall"" (1994), ""First Knight"" (1995), ""Sabrina"" (1995), ""Smilla's Sense of Snow"" (1997) and ""The Barber of Siberia"" (1998). She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the HBO film ""Temple Grandin"" (2010). Ormond was born in Epsom, Surrey, the daughter of Josephine, a laboratory technician, and John Ormond, a computer software designer. She attended independent schools, first Guildford High

"Skandar Keynes"
Skandar Keynes Alexander Amin Casper Keynes (; born 5 September 1991), known as Skandar Keynes, is an English political adviser and former actor. Best known for starring as Edmund Pevensie in the ""Chronicles of Narnia"" film series since 2005, he appeared in all three instalments, "","" """", and most recently """", which was released on 10 December 2010. Keynes was born in Camden, London. His mother is Zelfa Hourani and his father is author Randal Keynes. He has an older sister, Soumaya Anne Keynes (born August 1989), who has appeared in various productions for BBC Radio 4 and now works

Alliance to Stop Slavery and End Trafficking (ASSET). ASSET was instrumental in passing the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act. Julia Ormond Julia Karin Ormond (born 4 January 1965) is an English actress. She rose to prominence appearing in such films as ""The Baby of Mâcon"" (1993), ""Legends of the Fall"" (1994), ""First Knight"" (1995), ""Sabrina"" (1995), ""Smilla's Sense of Snow"" (1997) and ""The Barber of Siberia"" (1998). She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the HBO film ""Temple Grandin"" (2010). Ormond was born in Epsom, Surrey, the

"The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"
to the countryside, who find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There they ally with the Lion Aslan (voiced by Liam Neeson) against the forces of Jadis, the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). The film was released on December 9, 2005, in both Europe and North America to positive reviews and was highly successful at the box office grossing more than $745 million worldwide, making it 2005's third most successful film. It won the 2005 Academy Award for Best Makeup and various other awards. An ""Extended Edition"" was released on December 12, 2006, and was only made

"Jessica Jones (season 2)"
shield being broken, as well as mention of the Raft prison. The season also mentions the Rand Corporation from ""Iron Fist"", and makes multiple references to Spider-Man. The second season of ""Jessica Jones"" was released on March 8, 2018, to coincide with International Women's Day, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. In December 2017, a teaser trailer for the season was released, along with announcing the season release date. A trailer was released on February 7, 2018. Ahead of the season releasing, Netflix revealed the episode titles and creative teams with pulp

also returning from the first season, as well as Wil Traval and David Tennant in guest roles. They are joined by J. R. Ramirez, Terry Chen, Leah Gibson, and Janet McTeer. The second season was ordered in January 2016, with filming beginning in April 2017, back-to-back with the miniseries ""Marvel's The Defenders"". Filming concluded in September 2017. The season was released on March 8, 2018. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, who once again praised Ritter's performance and the series' female focus, but felt the season suffered from pacing issues and a lack of a compelling villain after Tennant's

"Jessica Jones (TV series)"
Kitchen. All episodes of the first season premiered on November 20, 2015. They were released to critical acclaim, with critics noting Ritter's and Tennant's performances as well as the series' noir tone, approach to sexuality, and depiction of darker topics such as rape, assault and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In January 2016, Netflix renewed ""Jessica Jones"" for a second season; filming began in April 2017 and concluded in September 2017. The second season was released on March 8, 2018, and a third season was ordered on April 12, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. Following the tragic end

Rosenberg confirmed that all 13 episodes of the season would be directed by women. Oscar's paintings in the season were created by comic book artist David Mack, who has drawn covers for Jessica Jones comics. A soundtrack album for the season was released by Hollywood Records and Marvel Music digitally on March 16, 2018, featuring selections of the original score for the season composed by Sean Callery, as well as the original song ""I Want Your Cray Cray"". All music composed by Sean Callery. The season makes several references to the events of """", including Vido Arocho's toy Captain America's

comic covers for each episode created by women artists. The artists included, in respective order for each episode: Stephanie Hans, Jen Bartel, Elizabeth Torque, Kate Niemczyk, Colleen Doran, Erica Henderson, Audrey Mox, Joyce Chin, Jenny Frison, Amy Reeder, Emanuela Lupacchino, June Brigman, and Annie Wu. The season held its red carpet premiere on March 7, 2018 at the AMC Loews Lincoln Square. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 83% with an average rating of 7.02/10, based on 72 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, ""While ""Jessica Jones"" is a slower burn with less focus

one of those things that happens. We had talked about whether that was the best title for it, and that's how it happened."" Rosenberg added that the ""AKA"" would still be seen in the name of each episode. In January 2016, Netflix ordered a second season of 13 episodes. Raelle Tucker joined the series as an executive producer and writer for the second season, replacing Friedman, who departed the series to work on the pilot for the ABC series, ""Conviction"". A third season was ordered on April 12, 2018, a month after the second season was released. That August, Rosenberg

Kilgrave from season one. A third season of ""Jessica Jones"" was ordered on April 12, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos stated that ""Jessica Jones"" the series was ""eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure"" and Netflix would look at ""how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase"" in terms of determining if additional seasons would be appropriate. In July 2015, Sarandos said some of the Defender series would ""selectively have multiple seasons as they come out of the gate,"" with series showrunner Melissa Rosenberg saying she was hopeful ""Jessica

Arocho and Callum Keith Rennie as Karl Malus. Elden Henson and Rob Morgan reprise their roles as Foggy Nelson and Turk Barrett from previous Marvel Netflix series, respectively. Filming began the week of April 3, 2017 in New York City, once again using the working title ""Violet"". This followed the end of production on ""The Defenders"" in March, with Ritter having indicated in May 2016 that the season would film back-to-back with ""The Defenders"". Filming occurred at the Long Island Aquarium and Exhibition Center. Filming for the season wrapped on September 14, 2017. Approaching the second season, Rosenberg wanted to

the first season, who departed the series to work on the pilot for the ABC series, ""Conviction"". Rosenberg and the season's writers were halfway through the writing process by August 2016, with the scripts completed by the end of October 2016. Writing during the 2016 United States presidential election, Rosenberg noted she ""was just so "" and that she and the writing team tried to tap ""into the rage Hillary [Clinton] must have felt every day"" for the characters. With ""The Defenders"" releasing before the season, Rosenberg used the miniseries as an opportunity to help ""set up"" elements for the

Jones"" would get an additional season before ""Marvel's The Defenders"". Rosenberg later expanded on this, saying that Marvel Television and Netflix were working out the placement of a potential second season, though ""[i]t might not be possible from a logistical standpoint"" to have a second season of ""Jessica Jones"" debut before ""The Defenders""; Sarandos later confirmed this to be the case, stating that the season would air after ""The Defenders"" released in 2017. On January 17, 2016, Netflix ordered a second season of 13 episodes. Raelle Tucker joined the season as an executive producer and writer, replacing Liz Friedman from

when was united nations convention on the rights of the child created

"Convention on the Rights of the Child"
written views and concerns are available on the committee's website. The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States. Two optional protocols were adopted on 25 May 2000. The First Optional Protocol restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts, and the Second Optional Protocol

"Declaration of the Rights of the Child"
Declaration of the Rights of the Child The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, sometimes known as the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, is an international document promoting child rights, drafted by Eglantyne Jebb and adopted by the League of Nations in 1924, and adopted in an extended form by the United Nations in 1959. The text of the document, as published by the International Save the Children Union in Geneva on 23 February 1923, is as follows: This text was endorsed by the League of Nations General Assembly on 26 November 1924 as the World

Child Welfare Charter, and was the first human rights document approved by an inter-governmental institution. It was reaffirmed by the League in 1934. Heads of State and Government pledged to incorporate its principles in domestic legislation. In France, it was ordered to be displayed in every school. The original document, in the archives of the city of Geneva, carries the signatures of various international delegates, including Jebb, Janusz Korczak, and Gustave Ador, a former President of the Swiss Confederation. After considering a number of options, including that of drafting an entirely new declaration, the United Nations resolved in 1946 to

"Children's rights"
Jebb in 1923, endorsed by the League of Nations in 1924 and reaffirmed in 1934. A slightly expanded version was adopted by the United Nations in 1946, followed by a much expanded version adopted by the General Assembly in 1959. It later served as the basis for the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The United Nations adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1966. The ICCPR is a multilateral international covenant that has been ratified or acceded to by nearly all nations on Earth. Nations which have become state-parties to the Covenant are required

date has been adopted as the Universal Children's Day. This Declaration was followed in 1989 by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN General Assembly, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989; entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49. Declaration of the Rights of the Child The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, sometimes known as the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, is an international document promoting child rights, drafted by Eglantyne Jebb and adopted by the

adopt the document, in a much expanded version, as its own statement of children's rights. Many different governments were involved in the drafting process. A slightly expanded version, with seven points in place of five, was adopted in 1948. Then on 20 November 1959 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a Declaration of the Rights of the Child, based on the structure and contents of the 1924 original, with ten principles. An accompanying resolution, proposed by the delegation of Afghanistan, called on governments to recognise these rights, strive for their acceptance, and publicise the document as widely as possible. This

third, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure, which would allow children or their representatives to file individual complaints for violation of the rights of children, was adopted in December 2011 and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. The protocol currently has 51 signatures and 45 ratifications: it entered into force on 14 April 2014 following the tenth ratification three months beforehand. Convention on the Rights of the Child The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights

their armed forces who are under 18 years do not take part in hostilities. This protocol entered into force on 12 July 2002. As of , 167 states are party to the protocol and another 14 states have signed but not ratified it. The second, the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, requires parties to prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. It entered into force on 18 January 2002. As of , 173 states are party to the protocol and another 9 states have signed but not ratified it. A

"Save the Children"
the atrocities of World War II, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. However, many felt the rights of children needed to be addressed in further detail with a separate document. In November 1959, the UN General Assembly altered Jebb's initial criteria in order to produce the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. This consisted of ten non-binding principles for states to follow in order to work in the best interests of the child. However, this 1959 declaration was not legally binding and was only a statement of general principles and intent. In 1989,

""never imposes capital punishment on persons ... below the age of 18"". The government delegation later acknowledged that a judge could impose the death penalty whenever he decided that the convicted person had reached his or her majority, regardless of the person's actual age at the time of the crime or at the time of the scheduled execution. The United Kingdom ratified the Convention on 16 December 1991, with several declarations and reservations, and made its first report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in January 1995. Concerns raised by the Committee included the growth in child

swan lake the sleeping beauty and the nutcracker are three famous ballets by

"Swan Lake"
Swan Lake Swan Lake ( """"), Op. 20, is a ballet composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875–76. Despite its initial failure, it is now one of the most popular of all ballets. The scenario, initially in two acts, was fashioned from Russian and/or German folk tales and tells the story of Odette, a princess turned into a swan by an evil sorcerer's curse. The choreographer of the original production was Julius Reisinger (Václav Reisinger). The ballet was premiered by the Bolshoi Ballet on at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. Although it is presented in many different versions, most ballet

"Alexander Alexeyevich Gorsky"
Alexander Alexeyevich Gorsky Alexander Gorsky (August 6, 1871 – 1924), a Russian ballet choreographer and a contemporary of Marius Petipa, is known for restaging Petipa’s classical ballets such as ""Swan Lake"", ""Don Quixote"", and ""The Nutcracker"". Gorsky “sought greater naturalism, realism, and characterization” in ballet. He valued acting skills over ""bravura"" technique ( a showy display of skills such as many turns or high jumps.) His interpretations of ballets were often controversial and he often used artists outside the dance world to create sets and costumes. The Russian ballet choreographer Alexander Gorsky was born August 6, 1871 outside of St.

companies base their stagings both choreographically and musically on the 1895 revival of Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, first staged for the Imperial Ballet on 15 January 1895, at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg. For this revival, Tchaikovsky's score was revised by the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatre's chief conductor and composer Riccardo Drigo. There is no evidence to prove who wrote the original libretto, or where the idea for the plot came from. Russian and German folk tales have been proposed as possible sources, including ""The White Duck"" and ""The Stolen Veil"" by Johann Karl August Musäus, but both

Reisinger of the requirements for each dance. However, unlike the instructions for the scores of ""The Sleeping Beauty"" and ""The Nutcracker"", no written instruction is known to have survived. From around the time of the turn of the 19th century until the beginning of the 1890s, scores for ballets were almost always written by composers known as ""specialists,"" who were highly skilled at scoring the light, decorative, melodious, and rhythmically clear music that was at that time in vogue for ballet. Tchaikovsky studied the music of ""specialists"" such as the Italian Cesare Pugni and the Austrian Ludwig Minkus, before setting

"Swan Lake (1895)"
the Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre on 20 February/4 March 1877 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates) in Moscow, Russia. Although the ballet is presented in many different versions, most ballet companies today base their stagings both choreographically and musically on this revival by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, staged for the Imperial Ballet, first presented on 15 January/27 January 1895, at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia instead of the original version. In the 1880s Tchaikovsky was commissioned by Ivan Vsevolozhsky, director of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, to score what would become two of his greatest works: the operas ""The

"The Nutcracker"
40% of their annual ticket revenues from performances of ""The Nutcracker"". The ballet's score has been used in several film adaptations of Hoffmann's story. Tchaikovsky's score has become one of his most famous compositions, in particular the pieces featured in the suite. Among other things, the score is noted for its use of the celesta, an instrument that the composer had already employed in his much lesser known symphonic ballad ""The Voyevoda"". After the success of ""The Sleeping Beauty"" in 1890, Ivan Vsevolozhsky, the director of the Imperial Theatres, commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose a double-bill program featuring both an opera

"Swan Lake (Martins)"
This sorcerer transformed Odette from a Princess into a swan, making true love the only thing that can break her bonds. Swan Lake (Martins) Swan Lake is a two-act ballet made by New York City Ballet (NYCB) ballet master in chief Peter Martins (after Marius Petipa, Lev Ivanov, and George Balanchine) to Tschaikovsky's eponymous music (1875–76). The premiere took place 27 October 1996, with the Royal Danish Ballet at the Royal Theatre, Copenhagen; the NYCB premiere was 29 April 1999 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center. Peter Martins' wife, NYCB principal dancer Darci Kistler, chose to include the

Tchaikovsky most admired Adam's 1844 score for ""Giselle"", which used the ""Leitmotif"" technique: associating certain themes with certain characters or moods, a technique he would use in ""Swan Lake"", and later, ""The Sleeping Beauty"". Tchaikovsky drew on previous compositions for his ""Swan Lake"" score. According to two of Tchaikovsky's relatives – his nephew Yuri Lvovich Davydov and his niece Anna Meck-Davydova – the composer had earlier created a little ballet called ""The Lake of the Swans"" at their home in 1871. This ballet included the famous ""Leitmotif"", the ""Swan's Theme"" or ""Song of the Swans"". He also made use of

the ballet's villain changing from Odette's stepmother to the magician von Rothbart, and the ballet's finale: instead of the lovers simply drowning at the hand of Odette's stepmother as in the original 1877 scenario, Odette commits suicide by drowning herself, with Prince Siegfried choosing to die as well, rather than live without her, and soon the lovers' spirits are reunited in an ""apotheosis"". Aside from the revision of the libretto the ballet was changed from four acts to three—with Act II becoming Act I-Scene 2. All was ready by the beginning of 1895 and the ballet had its première on

on 21 February in Prague by the Ballet of the National Theatre in a version mounted by the Balletmaster August Berger. The ballet was given during two concerts which were conducted by Tchaikovsky. The composer noted in his diary that he experienced ""a moment of absolute happiness"" when the ballet was performed. Berger's production followed the 1877 libretto, though the names of Prince Siegfried and Benno were changed to Jaroslav and Zdeňek, with the rôle of Benno danced by a female dancer ""en travestie"". The rôle of Prince Siegfried was danced by Berger himself with the ballerina Giulietta Paltriniera-Bergrova as

what type of database is library literature and information science

"Bibliographic database"
Bibliographic database A bibliographic database is a database of bibliographic records, an organized digital collection of references to published literature, including journal and newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal publications, patents, books, etc. In contrast to library catalogue entries, a large proportion of the bibliographic records in bibliographic databases describe articles, conference papers, etc., rather than complete monographs, and they generally contain very rich subject descriptions in the form of keywords, subject classification terms, or abstracts. A bibliographic database may be general in scope or cover a specific academic discipline like computer science. A significant number of bibliographic

and sometimes by journal name or subject heading. The user interfaces were crude, the access was expensive, and searching was done by librarians on behalf of 'end users'. Bibliographic database A bibliographic database is a database of bibliographic records, an organized digital collection of references to published literature, including journal and newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal publications, patents, books, etc. In contrast to library catalogue entries, a large proportion of the bibliographic records in bibliographic databases describe articles, conference papers, etc., rather than complete monographs, and they generally contain very rich subject descriptions in the form of

"Full-text database"
BRS, Dialog, LexisNexis and Westlaw) and Internet-based full-text databases (based on search engines or XML). Full-text database A full-text database or a complete-text database is a database that contains the complete text of books, dissertations, journals, magazines, newspapers or other kinds of textual documents. They differ from bibliographic databases (which contain only bibliographical metadata, including abstracts in some cases) and non-bibliographic databases (such as directories and numeric databases). One of the earliest systems was IBM STAIRS, introduced in 1973. Full-text databases became common about 1990 when computer storage technology made them economic and technologically possible. There are two main classes:

databases are proprietary, available by licensing agreement from vendors, or directly from the indexing and abstracting services that create them. Many bibliographic databases have evolved into digital libraries, providing the full text of the indexed contents. Others converge with non-bibliographic scholarly databases to create more complete disciplinary search engine systems, such as Chemical Abstracts or Entrez. Prior to the mid-20th century, individuals searching for published literature had to rely on printed bibliographic indexes, generated manually from index cards. ""During the early 1960s computers were used to digitize text for the first time; the purpose was to reduce the cost and

Bibliography
books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography). These two distinct concepts and practices have separate rationales and serve differing purposes. Innovators and originators in the field include W. W. Greg, Fredson Bowers, Philip Gaskell, G. Thomas Tanselle. Bowers (1949) refers to enumerative bibliography as a procedure that identifies books in “specific collections or libraries,” in a specific discipline, by an author, printer, or period of production (3). He refers to descriptive bibliography as the systematic description of a book as a material or physical artifact. Analytical bibliography, the cornerstone of descriptive bibliography, investigates

an accounting for their material form and structure, as well as textual variations, technical and production processes that bring sociocultural context and effects into play. McKenzie's perspective contextualizes textual objects or artifacts with sociological and technical factors that have an effect on production, transmission and, ultimately, ideal copy (2002 14). Bibliography, generally, concerns the material conditions of books [as well as other texts] how they are designed, edited, printed, circulated, reprinted, collected. Bibliographic works differ in the amount of detail depending on the purpose and can generally be divided into two categories: enumerative bibliography (also called compilative, reference or systematic),

"Library and information science"
Åström (2006) applied this conception to the description of LIS. Meho & Spurgin (2005) found that in a list of 2,625 items published between 1982 and 2002 by 68 faculty members of 18 schools of library and information science, only 10 databases provided significant coverage of the LIS literature. Results also show that restricting the data sources to one, two, or even three databases leads to inaccurate rankings and erroneous conclusions. Because no database provides comprehensive coverage of the LIS literature, researchers must rely on a wide range of disciplinary and multidisciplinary databases for ranking and other research purposes. Even

"Library catalog"
Library catalog A library catalog or library catalogue is a register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries, such as a network of libraries at several locations. A bibliographic item can be any information entity (e.g., books, computer files, graphics, realia, cartographic materials, etc.) that is considered library material (e.g., a single novel in an anthology), or a group of library materials (e.g., a trilogy), or linked from the catalog (e.g., a webpage) as far as it is relevant to the catalog and to the users (patrons) of the library. The card catalog was a

an enumerative bibliography from other bibliographic forms such as descriptive bibliography, analytical bibliography or textual bibliography in that its function is to record and list, rather than describe a source in detail or with any reference to the source's physical nature, materiality or textual transmission. The enumerative list may be comprehensive or selective. One noted example would be Tanselle's bibliography that exhaustively enumerates topics and sources related to all forms of bibliography. A more common and particular instance of an enumerative bibliography relates to specific sources used or considered in preparing a scholarly paper or academic term paper. Citation styles

"Bibliographic record"
Bibliographic record A bibliographic record is an entry in a bibliographic index (or a library catalog) which represents and describes a specific resource. A bibliographic record contains the data elements necessary to help users identify and retrieve that resource, as well as additional supporting information, presented in a formalized bibliographic format. Additional information may support particular database functions such as search, or browse (e.g., by keywords), or may provide fuller presentation of the content item (e.g., the article's abstract). Bibliographic records are usually retrievable from bibliographic indexes (e.g., contemporary bibliographic databases) by author, title, index term, or keyword. Bibliographic records

"Capital punishment in the United States"
161 who were sentenced to death in the modern era were exonerated before their execution. As of April 1, 2018, 2,743 are still on death row. The first recorded death sentence in the British North American colonies was carried out in 1608 on Captain George Kendall, who was executed by firing squad at the Jamestown colony for spying for the Spanish government. The Bill of Rights adopted in 1789 included the Eighth Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. The Fifth Amendment was drafted with language implying a possible use of the death penalty, requiring a grand jury indictment for

"Capital punishment by the United States federal government"
were on the federal death row, most of them at Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana. The Crimes Act of 1790 defined some capital offenses: treason, murder, robbery, piracy, mutiny, hostility against the United States, counterfeiting, and aiding the escape of a capital prisoner. The first federal execution was that of Thomas Bird on June 25, 1790 due to his committing ""murder on the high seas"". The use of the death penalty in U.S. territories was handled by federal judges and the U.S. Marshal Service. Historically, members of the U.S. Marshals Service conducted all federal executions. Pre-""Furman"" executions by

of cases of lethal injection, the blood level of hypnotics in the prisoner was insufficient to ensure unconsciousness. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court ruled in 2008 (""Baze v. Rees"") and again in 2015 (""Glossip v. Gross"") that lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. In 1632, 24 years after the first recorded male execution in the colonies, Jane Champion became the first woman known to have been lawfully executed. She was sentenced to death by hanging after she was convicted of infanticide; around two-thirds of women executed in the 17th and early 18th centuries were convicted of child murder.

a moratorium in place, as the state had not executed anyone since Gary M. Heidnik in 1999. Capital punishment in the United States Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 30 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty. It is one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.

one of 4 countries to use this method, along with China, Thailand, and Vietnam. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down capital punishment statutes in ""Furman v. Georgia"", reducing all death sentences pending at the time to life imprisonment. Subsequently, a majority of states passed new death penalty statutes, and the court affirmed the legality of capital punishment in the 1976 case ""Gregg v. Georgia"". Since then, more than 7,800 defendants have been sentenced to death; of these, more than 1,400 have been executed. A total of

Capital punishment in the United States Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 30 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty. It is one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries. The Philippines has since abolished executions, and Guatemala has done so for civil offenses, leaving the USA

in January 2001. She was the first black woman to be executed in the US since 1954. According to Allen's lawyers, prosecutors capitalized on her low IQ, race and homosexuality in their representations of her as a murderer at trial. In 1642, the first ever juvenile, Thomas Graunger, was sentenced to death in Plymouth Colony, MA for bestiality. Ever since then, 361 other juveniles have been sentenced to the death penalty as well. Kent v. United States (1966), turned the tides for juvenile capital punishment sentencing when it limited the waiver discretion juvenile courts had. Before this case, juvenile courts

""capital crime"" and a due process of law for deprivation of ""life"" by the government. The Fourteenth Amendment adopted in 1868 also requires a due process of law for deprivation of life by any states. The ""Espy file"", compiled by M. Watt Espy and John Ortiz Smykla, lists 15,269 people executed in the United States and its predecessor colonies between 1608 and 1991. From 1930 to 2002, there were 4,661 executions in the U.S., about two-thirds of them in the first 20 years. Additionally, the United States Army executed 135 soldiers between 1916 and 1955 (the most recent). Three states

"Hanging in the United States"
Hanging in the United States Hanging has been practiced legally in the United States of America from the nation's birth, up to 1972 when the United States Supreme Court found capital punishment to be in violation of the eighth amendment to the United States Constitution. Four years later, the Supreme Court overturned its previous ruling, and in 1976, capital punishment was again legalized in the United States. Hanging has returned to the states of Washington and New Hampshire. In 1623 Daniel Frank was condemned to hang for theft in the Jamestown colony. This was the first hanging to take place

death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole. The same day, in ""Woodson v. North Carolina"" and ""Roberts v. Louisiana"", the court struck down 5-4 statutes providing a mandatory death sentence. Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the

"History of coffee"
his flock nibbled on the bright red berries of a certain bush, chewed on the fruit himself. His exhilaration prompted him to bring the berries to a monk in a nearby monastery. But the monk disapproved of their use and threw them into the fire, from which an enticing aroma billowed, causing other monks to come and investigate. The roasted beans were quickly raked from the embers, ground up, and dissolved in hot water, yielding the world's first cup of coffee. Since this story is not known to have appeared in writing before 1671, 800 years after it was supposed

supplies from the spoils obtained after defeating the Turks. The officer who received the coffee beans, Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, a Polish military officer of Ukrainian origin, opened the coffee house and helped popularize the custom of adding sugar and milk to the coffee. ""Melange"" is the typical Viennese coffee, which comes mixed with hot foamed milk and a glass of water. According to Leonhard Rauwolf's 1583 account, coffee became available in England no later than the 16th century, largely through the efforts of the Levant Company. The first coffeehouse in England was opened in St. Michael's Alley in Cornhill, London.

Coffee
cultivation and the way developed countries trade with developing nations, as well as the impact on the environment with regards to the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. Consequently, the markets for fair trade and organic coffee are expanding. The word ""coffee"" entered the English language in 1582 via the Dutch ""koffie"", borrowed from the Ottoman Turkish ""kahve"", borrowed in turn from the Arabic ""qahwah"" (). The Arabic word ""qahwah"" was traditionally held to refer to a type of wine whose etymology is given by Arab lexicographers as deriving from the verb ""qahiya"" (قَهِيَ), ""to lack hunger"", in

Coffee
first attested in 1952. The term ""coffee pot"" dates from 1705. According to legend, ancestors of today's Oromo people in a region of Kaffa in Ethiopia were believed to have been the first to recognize the energizing effect of the coffee plant. However, there is no direct evidence that has been found earlier than the 15th century indicating where in Africa coffee first grew or who among the native populations might have used it as a stimulant. The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian goatherd who discovered coffee when he noticed how excited his goats became after eating the beans

and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America, despite bans imposed during the 15th century by religious leaders in Mecca and Cairo, and later by the Catholic Church. The word ""coffee"" entered the English language in 1582 via the Dutch ""koffie"", borrowed from the Ottoman Turkish ""kahve"", in turn borrowed from the Arabic ""qahwah"" (). The Arabic word ""qahwah"" originally referred to a type of wine, whose etymology is given by Arab lexicographers as deriving from the verb ""qahā"" (, ""to lack hunger"") in

History of coffee The history of coffee dates back to the 15th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia, with several mythical accounts but no solid evidence. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the early 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen, spreading soon to Mecca and Cairo. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa,

Brewing
Brewing Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or by a variety of traditional methods such as communally by the indigenous peoples in Brazil when making cauim. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations including ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia brewed beer. Since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been

Coffeemaker
in about 1710, the Infusion brewing process was introduced. This involved submersing the ground coffee, usually enclosed in a linen bag, in hot water and letting it steep or ""infuse"" until the desired strength brew was achieved. Nevertheless, throughout the 19th and even the early 20th centuries, it was considered adequate to add ground coffee to hot water in a pot or pan, boil it until it smelled right, and pour the brew into a cup. There were lots of innovations from France in the late 18th century. With help from Jean-Baptiste de Belloy, the Archbishop of Paris, the idea

"History of beer"
liters (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in 2006. As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like drinks were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal. Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced about 3,500 BC in what is today Iran, and was one of the first-known biological engineering tasks where the biological process of fermentation is used. Also, archaeological findings show that Chinese villagers

"History of breakfast"
coffee were introduced to Great Britain in the mid-1600s, and in the 1700s coffee and chocolate were adopted as breakfast drinks by the fashionable. Tea eventually became more popular than chocolate as a breakfast drink. The first groups known to have produced maple syrup and maple sugar were indigenous peoples living in the northeastern part of North America. According to aboriginal oral traditions, as well as archaeological evidence, maple tree sap was being processed into syrup long before Europeans arrived in the region. While it has been a source of controversy where the lumberjack breakfast came from, the most cited

"James Stevenson (actor)"
James Stevenson (actor) James Stevenson (born March 25, 1981) is an American actor known for portraying Jared Casey on the NBC daytime drama ""Passions"". On March 14, 2007, Stevenson was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for ""Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series"" for his role on ""Passions"". He lost to Bryton McClure as Devon Hamilton. Stevenson has since left the series; his last airdate on ""Passions"" was July 23, 2007. Stevenson dated ""Days of Our Lives"" star Nadia Bjorlin, who appeared with him on the series ""Sex, Love & Secrets"". He grew up on a horse farm in Tolland,

Connecticut. James Stevenson (actor) James Stevenson (born March 25, 1981) is an American actor known for portraying Jared Casey on the NBC daytime drama ""Passions"". On March 14, 2007, Stevenson was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for ""Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series"" for his role on ""Passions"". He lost to Bryton McClure as Devon Hamilton. Stevenson has since left the series; his last airdate on ""Passions"" was July 23, 2007. Stevenson dated ""Days of Our Lives"" star Nadia Bjorlin, who appeared with him on the series ""Sex, Love & Secrets"". He grew up on a horse farm in

"Justin Barber"
Justin Barber Justin Barber is a fictional character on the American soap opera, ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". The show has focused especially on Justin's stressful and awkward relationship with his son, Marcus, and on his equally strained relationship with Marcus's mother, Donna Logan, whom he eventually marries. The character, who first appeared in 2009, is played by Aaron D. Spears. In July 2010, Spears was demoted to a recurring cast member, making appearances until April 2011, at such time he was re-upped to a regular. Starting with April 2012, he was once again demoted to recurring status, making sporadic

Rosie Barber Forrester. In 2018 Justin's niece, Emma, began an internship at Forrester Creations. Justin Barber Justin Barber is a fictional character on the American soap opera, ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". The show has focused especially on Justin's stressful and awkward relationship with his son, Marcus, and on his equally strained relationship with Marcus's mother, Donna Logan, whom he eventually marries. The character, who first appeared in 2009, is played by Aaron D. Spears. In July 2010, Spears was demoted to a recurring cast member, making appearances until April 2011, at such time he was re-upped to a regular.

"Ben Tari"
Ben Tari Ben Tari (born 4 July 1972) is an Australian actor most known for his work as Jared Levine on All Saints, an Australian hospital drama. He is a graduate of the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA).He joined all Saints from 1998–2003, (Season 1-6) and stayed for consecutive 235 episodes and guest starred in 2005 in episode 320, season 8. Ben has also starred in more than 180 episodes of Home and Away. Tari is now an English and drama teacher at Dulwich Hill High School of Visual Arts and Design. He also serves as the year

"Jared Casey"
Jared Casey Jared Casey is a fictional character from the NBC/DirecTV soap opera, ""Passions"", portrayed by James Stevenson from July 21, 2006 to July 23, 2007. Little is known about Jared's past. It is believed he spent some portion of his childhood in Mexico, near where Paloma Lopez-Fitzgerald grew up; he has mentioned living in various other locations around the world, including in Chicago, where he says he had an early job as a janitor, as well as doing business in Hawaii and living in France. Most notably, Jared's past includes a tragic love story; on one of their first

"Jared Spurgeon"
since boyhood, played together for the SCL Tigers of the National League A in Switzerland. On December 21, 2015, the Minnesota Wild announced they signed Spurgeon to a 4-year, $20.75 million contract extension. He played much of the season on the Wild's top defensive pairing with Ryan Suter. Spurgeon is married to Danielle and they have three children. Jared has an older brother, Tyler Spurgeon, who is also a professional hockey player. At a young age, Jared grew up watching his brother play hockey and he slowly began to idolize his brother. After seeing his brother enjoy his time on

"Ricky Paull Goldin"
in June 2017. Ricky Paull Goldin Richard Paull Goldin (born January 5, 1965) is an American actor, producer, director and television personality. He is known for his roles in daytime drama as Jake Martin in ABC's ""All My Children"". In May 2013, Goldin joined the cast of the CBS's ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Goldin also hosts the HGTV series ""Spontaneous Construction"", which premiered on the network on February 15, 2013. Goldin was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Paul Goldin, a London-born entertainer, behavioral psychologist and hypnotist who hosted in his own show in England, and Irish

"Scott Clifton"
Scott Clifton Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in ""General Hospital"" (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in ""One Life to Live"" (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" (2010–present). He has three Daytime Emmy Award wins. Clifton was born on October 31, 1984, the only child of Ron and Faye Snyder, in Los Angeles, United States. He is of Russian and Scottish descent. He was raised in the Greater Los Angeles Area of southern California, including the

"Aaron Ashmore"
West Wing"", and ""1-800-Missing"". Ashmore played the recurring role of Troy Vandegraff on the UPN television series ""Veronica Mars"", as well as the role of Agent Steve Jinks on the Syfy show ""Warehouse 13"". He was cast as Jimmy Olsen, first love interest of Chloe Sullivan, for the sixth season of ""Smallville"" on the WB television network and continued to play him into its eighth season. Two years after leaving the show, Ashmore returns to play his character's younger brother on the series finale. Coincidentally, his friend Sam Huntington played Olsen in ""Superman Returns"" and the two have both appeared

"Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
Knockin' on Heaven's Door ""Knockin' on Heaven's Door"" is a song by Bob Dylan, written for the soundtrack of the 1973 film ""Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid"". Released as a single, it reached No. 12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart. Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as ""an exercise in splendid simplicity"", the song, in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it, is one of Dylan's most popular post-1960s compositions. In 1990, the band Guns N' Roses released a cover version to chart success. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it

Door: Rock Obituaries."" The title is used as the name of Rohan Kishibe's Stand, ""Heaven's Door"", in the fourth part of the manga """"Jojo's Bizarre Adventure"""", ""Diamond is Unbreakable"". Covered by The Jenerators, the song was used during a tribute to the death of cast member Miguel Ferrer of at the end of the Season 8 Episode 16 ""New Tricks"", broadcast on March 5, 2017. Ferrer was a member of The Jenerators. Knockin' on Heaven's Door ""Knockin' on Heaven's Door"" is a song by Bob Dylan, written for the soundtrack of the 1973 film ""Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid"".

"Keep A-Knockin'"
Keep A-Knockin' ""Keep A-Knockin' (But You Can't Come In)"" is a popular song that has been recorded by a variety of musicians over the years. The lyrics concern a lover at the door who won't be admitted—in some versions because someone else is already there, but in most others because the knocking lover has behaved badly. Early versions are sometimes credited to Perry Bradford and J. Mayo Williams. Variations were recorded by James ""Boodle It"" Wiggins in 1928, Lil Johnson in 1935, Milton Brown in 1936 and Louis Jordan in 1939. A similar lyrical theme appears in ""Open the Door,

"Knock Knock (Monica song)"
Knock Knock (Monica song) ""Knock Knock"" is a song by American recording artist Monica, taken from her fourth studio album ""After the Storm"" (2003). It was written and produced by rapper-producer Missy Elliott and commissioned following the delay and subsequent reconstruction of Monica's 2002 album, ""All Eyez on Me"". One out of a handful of tracks which Elliott contributed, the song incorporates elements of 1970s-style soul, as well as hip hop, and is built around excerpts of the record ""It's a Terrible Thing to Waste Your Love"" as written by Lee Hatim and released by The Masqueraders in 1976. Rapper-producer

"I Hear You Knocking"
Dave Edmunds, whose version reached number one in the UK for six weeks in 1970 and was in the top 10 in several other countries. Several earlier blues and R&B songs use lyrics similar to ""I Hear You Knocking"". James ""Boodle It"" Wiggins recorded an upbeat piano blues in 1928 titled ""Keep A Knockin' An You Can't Get In"" which repeated the title in the lyrics. It was followed by songs that used similar phrases, including ""You Can't Come In"", by Bert M. Mays (1928); ""Keep On Knocking"", by Lil Johnson (1935); ""Keep a Knocking"", by Milton Brown & His

used as the B-side for the single release and was also included on their """" album, released in 1999. The music video for this version of the song was directed by Andy Morahan. Weekly charts Year-end charts In 1996 and with the consent of Dylan, Scottish musician Ted Christopher wrote a new verse for ""Knockin' on Heaven's Door"" in memory of the schoolchildren and teacher killed in the Dunblane school massacre. This has been, according to some sources, one of the few times Dylan has officially authorized anybody to add or change the lyrics to one of his songs. This

Brownies (1936); and ""Keep Knocking (But You Can't Come In)"", by Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1938). None of these early singles listed a songwriter or composer. However, when popular jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five recorded the song as ""Keep A-Knockin'"" in 1939, the single's credits listed ""Mays-Bradford"" (Bert Mays and Perry Bradford). in 1957, Little Richard recorded it with ""R. Penniman"", Richard's legal name, listed as the writer, although Bert Mays and J. Mayo Williams were later credited as songwriters. Beginning with his signing by the Los Angeles–based Imperial Records in 1950, Smiley Lewis

"Knock on Wood (song)"
Knock on Wood (song) ""Knock On Wood"" is a 1966 hit song written by Eddie Floyd and Steve Cropper and originally performed by Floyd. His recording peaked at number 28 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and spent one week at number 1 on the Soul Singles chart. The song was written in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee (now The National Civil Rights Museum). Steve Cropper has stated in interviews that there was a lightning storm the night that he and Eddie wrote the song, hence the lyrics 'It's like thunder and lightning, The way you love me is frightening'.

of the song. This recording was co-produced by Simon May. It reached the Top 10 twice in the UK, first in 1979 (peaking at number 6) and again in a remixed version in 1985 (peaking at number 7). Knock on Wood (song) ""Knock On Wood"" is a 1966 hit song written by Eddie Floyd and Steve Cropper and originally performed by Floyd. His recording peaked at number 28 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and spent one week at number 1 on the Soul Singles chart. The song was written in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee (now The National Civil

"The Knock at the Manor Gate"
The Knock at the Manor Gate ""The Knock at the Manor Gate"" (German: ""Der Schlag ans Hoftor"") is a short story by Franz Kafka. It was published posthumously in ""Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer"" (Berlin, 1931). The first English translation by Willa and Edwin Muir was published by Martin Secker in London in 1933. It appeared in ""The Great Wall of China. Stories and Reflections"" (New York City: Schocken Books, 1946). The short story illustrates many important themes in Kafka's works. The narrator details a ride with his sister on the way towards home. His sister playfully knocks on the

"Napoleon Dynamite"
whether or not a particular viewer will like the film based on their ratings of previously viewed films. Despite a very limited initial release, ""Napoleon Dynamite"" was a commercial success. It was filmed on an estimated budget of a mere $400,000, and less than a year after its release, it had grossed $44,940,956. It also spawned a slew of merchandise, from refrigerator magnets to T-shirts to Halloween costumes. In April 2010, Fox announced that an animated series was in development. It was also revealed that the entire original cast would return to reprise their roles. The series debuted on Sunday,

Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite is a 2004 American comedy film produced by Jeremy Coon, Chris Wyatt, Sean Covel and Jory Weitz, written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and directed by Jared Hess. The film stars Jon Heder in the role of the title character, for which he was paid $1,000. After the film's runaway success, Heder re-negotiated his compensation and received a cut of the profits. The film was Jared Hess' first full-length feature and is partially adapted from his earlier short film, ""Peluca"". ""Napoleon Dynamite"" was acquired at the Sundance Film Festival by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Paramount Pictures,

sided with Fox on 9 of the 11 issues. Napoleon Pictures was awarded $150,000 based on Fox accounting irregularities. ""Napoleon Dynamite"" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2004 and was theatrically released on June 11, 2004 in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures, Paramount Pictures and MTV Films. ""Napoleon Dynamite"" was released on VHS and DVD on December 21, 2004, by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in North America and by Paramount Home Entertainment in all other territories. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 71% of 170 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review;

Jamiroquai song, ""Little L."" We danced to Michael Jackson, something off of ""Off the Wall"". Just those three. And then we got the rights to Jamiroquai. And I think that was half our budget."" Upon the film's release, it was noted that the name ""Napoleon Dynamite"" had originally been used by musician Elvis Costello, most visibly on his 1986 album ""Blood & Chocolate"", although he had used the pseudonym on a single B-side as early as 1982. Filmmaker Jared Hess states that he was not aware of Costello's use of the name until two days before the end of shooting,

the sleeves and actually said, 'I like your sleeves…they’re real big,""' Hess said in an interview with ""Rolling Stone"". Hess shot the film on location in Preston, in Southeastern Idaho, located near the Utah border, in July of 2003. Operating on a tight budget of $400,000, Hess cast many of his friends from school, including Heder and Aaron Ruell, and he relied on the generosity of Preston locals who provided housing and food to crew members. Among the established actors in the cast was comedy veteran Diedrich Bader, who filmed his scenes as virile martial art instructor Rex in one

a movie. It was like, 'Are people going to get this? Is it working?'"" The film is set during the 2004–2005 school year, as shown on Napoleon's student ID card in the title sequence. However, the film contains several anachronisms indicating that it would be more appropriately set in the 1980s or 1990s. For example, Deb wears a side ponytail and Napoleon wears Moon Boots, both popular fashion trends of the 1980s. One scene is set at a school dance that plays only 1980s music such as Alphaville's ""Forever Young,"" whereas an earlier scene features students performing a sign language

January 15, 2012. Director Jared Hess, his co-screenwriter wife Jerusha, and Mike Scully are the producers of the show, in association with 20th Century Fox Television. On May 14, 2012, it was announced that Fox had canceled the series after 6 episodes. The complete series was released on DVD on November 4, 2014 by Olive Films. Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite is a 2004 American comedy film produced by Jeremy Coon, Chris Wyatt, Sean Covel and Jory Weitz, written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and directed by Jared Hess. The film stars Jon Heder in the role of the title character,

in association with MTV Films. It was filmed in and near Franklin County, Idaho in the summer of 2003. It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2004. The film's total worldwide gross revenue was $46,118,097. The film has since developed a cult following. Napoleon Dynamite is a socially awkward 16-year-old boy from Preston, Idaho, who lives with his grandmother, Carlinda Dynamite, and his older brother, Kipling Ronald ""Kip"" Dynamite. Kip, 32, is unemployed and boasts of spending hours on Internet chat rooms with his girlfriends and aspiring to be a cage fighter. Napoleon daydreams his way through school,

"Dynamite (1929 film)"
silent version was also released simultaneously), and casting the right actors (with adequate voices) proved a difficult process. Development began on the heels of the release of his previous film, ""The Godless Girl"", which had featured hastily added sound footage (now currently unavailable for viewing) and which had been a box office disappointment. Numerous actors were screen-tested by assistant Mitchell Leisen by December 18, 1928, and apart from Ricardo Cortez and Monte Blue, most of them were B-movie actors. Male actors tested but passed over included Buck Jones, Bob Custer, Jason Robards, Sr., Guinn ""Big Boy"" Williams, Dean Jagger and

Randolph Scott. Actresses tested but passed over included Carmelita Geraghty, Merna Kennedy, Leila Hyams, Dorothy Burgess and Sally Blane. His final selections were Charles Bickford and Kay Johnson, primarily known for their stage work. Leisen reportedly tried to interest DeMille in up-and-coming Carole Lombard for Johnson's role; allegedly, she can be glimpsed in the surviving versions of the film. Filming of ""Dynamite"" began on January 29, 1929, and lasted until April 30. Scenes for the silent version were shot beginning on May 28 and ending on June 5. Charles Bickford would later describe the script as ""'a mess of corn'

"An Officer and a Gentleman"
An Officer and a Gentleman An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere, Debra Winger, and Louis Gossett Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, making him the first African American to do so. It tells the story of Zack Mayo (Gere), a United States Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School. While Zack meets his first true girlfriend during his training, a young ""townie"" named Paula (Winger), he also comes into conflict with the hard-driving Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant

on the original record. ""Up Where We Belong"" was released as a single and became a global hit peaking at number one in the US, Canada, and Australia, and reaching the top 10 in many other countries. An Officer and a Gentleman An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere, Debra Winger, and Louis Gossett Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, making him the first African American to do so. It tells the story of Zack Mayo (Gere), a United States Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who

Sigourney Weaver, then to Anjelica Huston and later to Jennifer Jason Leigh, who dropped out to do the film ""Fast Times at Ridgemont High"" instead. Eventually, Debra Winger replaced Leigh for the role of Paula. Rebecca De Mornay, Meg Ryan, and Geena Davis auditioned for the role of Paula. In spite of the strong on-screen chemistry between Gere and Winger, the actors didn't get along during filming. Publicly, she called him a ""brick wall"" while he admitted there was ""tension"" between them. Thirty years later, Gere was complimentary towards Winger when he said that she was much more open to

in Pensacola, Florida, as a naval aviator hangout until it closed later in November 2003. For years, it was traditional for graduating Aviation Officer Candidate School classes to celebrate their commissioning at ""Trader's."" Originally, folk music singer and occasional actor John Denver was signed to play Zack Mayo. But a casting process eventually involved Jeff Bridges, Harry Hamlin, Christopher Reeve, John Travolta, and Richard Gere. Gere eventually beat all the other actors for the part. John Travolta had turned down the role, as he did with ""American Gigolo"" (another Richard Gere hit). The role of Paula was originally given to

"An Officer and a Gentleman (musical)"
An Officer and a Gentleman (musical) An Officer and a Gentleman, The Musical is a stage musical based on the original movie, written by Douglas Day Stewart. It had its world premiere May 18, 2012 at the Lyric Theatre in Sydney, Australia. The musical closed six weeks later on July 1. It was co-produced by John Frost and Sharleen Cooper Cohen. The book was written by Douglas Day Stewart and Sharleen Cooper Cohen and the score was written by Ken Hirsch and Robin Lerner. It was directed by Simon Phillips. It starred Ben Mingay as Zack Mayo and Amanda Harrison

the police station, food bank and the YMCA, the latter of which holds the pool. The filming location of Paula Pokrifiki's house was 1003 Tremont in Port Townsend. As of 2009, the house was shrouded by a large hedge, and the front porch had been remodeled. The neighboring homes and landscape look identical to their appearance in the film, including the 'crooked oak tree' across the street from the Pokrifiki home. This oak tree is visible in the scene near the end of the film in which Richard Gere returns to the home to request Paula's help in finding his

(Gossett Jr.) training his class. The film was written by Douglas Day Stewart and directed by Taylor Hackford. Its title is an old expression from the Royal Navy and later from the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice's charge of ""conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman"" (from 1860). The film was commercially released in the U.S. on August 13, 1982. It was well received by critics, with a number calling it the best film of 1982. It also was a financial success, grossing $130 million against a $6 million budget. Zachary ""Zack"" Mayo prepares to report to Aviation Officer

"Louis Gossett Jr."
Movies' primetime lineup. Allowed to choose four movies to air, he selected ""Blackboard Jungle,"" ""Lifeboat,"" ""Touch of Evil"" and ""The Night of the Hunter."" Louis Gossett Jr. Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (born May 27, 1936) is an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award winning role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film ""An Officer and a Gentleman"", and his role as Fiddler in the 1977 ABC television miniseries ""Roots"". Gossett has also starred in numerous other film productions including ""A Raisin in the Sun"", ""The Landlord"", ""Skin Game"", ""Travels with My Aunt"", ""The Laughing

the camera than he was, and he appreciated the fact that she presented him with an award at the Rome Film Festival. Taylor Hackford kept Louis Gossett Jr. in separate living quarters from other actors during production so Gossett could intimidate them more during his scenes as drill instructor. In addition, Gossett was advised by US Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant Buck Welscher. Richard Gere rides a 750cc T140E Triumph Bonneville. Two T140E Bonnevilles were supplied by Dewey's Cycle Shop in Seattle. One had Receipt no.16787 dated April 8, 1981, as sold to Paramount Pictures. In the United Kingdom, Paramount successfully

Park was used as the dormitory and its porch was used for the film's closing 'silver dollar' scene. The blimp hangar used for the famous fight scene between Louis Gossett Jr. and Richard Gere is located at Fort Worden State Park and is still intact, but has been converted into a 1200-seat performing arts center called the McCurdy Pavilion. The filming location for the exterior of 'TJ's Restaurant' is located at the Point Hudson marina in Port Townsend. The space is now occupied by a company that makes sails. The fictional ""TJ's"" is an homage to the Trader Jon's bar

"Call the Midwife"
Call the Midwife Call the Midwife is a BBC period drama series about a group of nurse midwives working in the East End of London in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It stars Jessica Raine, Miranda Hart, Helen George, Bryony Hannah, Laura Main, Jenny Agutter, Pam Ferris, Judy Parfitt, Cliff Parisi, Stephen McGann, Ben Caplan, Emerald Fennell, Victoria Yeates, Jack Ashton, Linda Bassett, Charlotte Ritchie, Kate Lamb, Jennifer Kirby, Annabelle Apsion and Leonie Elliott. The series is produced by Neal Street Productions, a production company founded and owned by the film director and producer Sam Mendes, ""Call the Midwife""

"Victoria Yeates"
Victoria Yeates Victoria Natalie Yeates (born April 19, 1983) is an English actress. She is best known for her role as Sister Winifred in the period drama series ""Call the Midwife"". She also appeared in the film """". Yeates was born and raised in Bournemouth, Dorset and practised ballet dancing as a child. In 2006, she earned a degree in acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). She began her career on the stage, earning critical praise for her roles in Noël Coward's ""Private Lives"", in the ""Rookery Nook"" and in Michael McClure's ""The Beard"". In 2017, she

"Jessica Raine"
Jessica Raine Jessica Raine (born Jessica Helen Lloyd; 20 May 1982) is an English actress. She is known for playing midwife Jenny Lee in the first three series of BBC One drama ""Call the Midwife"". Raine was born in Eardisley, Herefordshire, where she was raised on her father's farm. She is the younger of two daughters of farmer Allan Lloyd (descended from the Lloyd family of Baynham Hall), and his wife Sue, who trained as a dancer and then worked as a nurse. Educated in Kington, Herefordshire, she wanted to be an actress from the age of 13, as her

"Amy McAllister"
Amy McAllister Amy McAllister is an Irish actress most notable for her role as Mary in hit BBC drama ""Call the Midwife"". She recently appeared in the third series of ""Witless (TV series)"" on BBC Three. Amy can also be seen in the Stephen Frears film ""Philomena"", which stars Steve Coogan and Judi Dench. McAllister grew up in Dublin, Ireland. She trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where productions included ""Live Like Pigs"" directed by Christian Burgess and performed at the Royal Court Theatre in Sloane Square. McAllister has worked extensively in theatre since graduating from the

television,"" while Caitlin Moran claimed the series encapsulated ""how unbelievably terrifying, dreary and vile it was to be a working-class woman 60 years ago."" Call the Midwife Call the Midwife is a BBC period drama series about a group of nurse midwives working in the East End of London in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It stars Jessica Raine, Miranda Hart, Helen George, Bryony Hannah, Laura Main, Jenny Agutter, Pam Ferris, Judy Parfitt, Cliff Parisi, Stephen McGann, Ben Caplan, Emerald Fennell, Victoria Yeates, Jack Ashton, Linda Bassett, Charlotte Ritchie, Kate Lamb, Jennifer Kirby, Annabelle Apsion and Leonie Elliott. The

"Miranda Hart"
its star 3 Royal Television Society awards, 4 British Comedy Awards and 4 BAFTA nominations. In 2012, she began appearing in the BBC drama ""Call the Midwife"" as Camilla ""Chummy"" Fortescue-Cholmondeley-Browne. She made her Hollywood debut in Paul Feig's film ""Spy"" (2015) as Melissa McCarthy's sidekick Nancy B. Artingstall. Hart has also written four books: ""Is It Just Me?"" (2012), a semi-autobiographical book; ""The Best of Miranda"" (2014), a compilation of scripts from the TV series; ""Peggy and Me"" (2016), a description of her life since owning her titular dog; and ""Miranda Hart's Daily Dose of Such Fun!"" (2017), in

"Laura Main"
Laura Main Laura Main is a Scottish actress known for her role as Sister Bernadette (later Doctor Turner's Wife Shelagh Turner) in the BBC1 drama series ""Call the Midwife"". Laura Main was born in Aberdeen. Her father, Robert, was a fish merchant and her mother, Lorna, was a primary school teacher turned housewife. She has two older sisters, a niece, and two nephews. Laura Main went to school at the Hazlehead Academy and took dance lessons at the Danscentre in Aberdeen. She then studied art history at the University of Aberdeen, before starting drama school at the Webber Douglas Academy

"Kate Lamb"
for the seventh series. Kate Lamb Kate Lamb (born 18 January 1988) is a Welsh actress best known for playing Nurse Delia Busby in the BBC drama series ""Call the Midwife"" from 2015 to 2017. Lamb was born in Cardiff but grew up in Tenby, Pembrokeshire, a pupil at Greenhill School. Her first acting role was at the age of four, in a Tenby production of ""Toad of Toad Hall"". After GCSEs she attended the United World College in Swaziland before returning to the UK to study for a degree in English and Drama at Bristol University. She also trained

Kate Lamb Kate Lamb (born 18 January 1988) is a Welsh actress best known for playing Nurse Delia Busby in the BBC drama series ""Call the Midwife"" from 2015 to 2017. Lamb was born in Cardiff but grew up in Tenby, Pembrokeshire, a pupil at Greenhill School. Her first acting role was at the age of four, in a Tenby production of ""Toad of Toad Hall"". After GCSEs she attended the United World College in Swaziland before returning to the UK to study for a degree in English and Drama at Bristol University. She also trained at the London Academy

"Kelly Gough"
well as Irish language programs ""Anseo"" and ""Scúp"" for TG4. In February 2018 she played the role of Doreen Lunt, a new mother diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, in the BBC1 drama ""Call the midwife"". Kelly Gough Kelly Gough (born 23 April 1987) is a bilingual Irish actress, known for her comic roles and for portraying Poshoria in ""Macbecks"" and her dramatic role as Kate in popular Irish TV series ""Raw"". Born in Ennis, County Clare, Gough is an identical twin and the tenth of eleven siblings. She is the younger sister of the actress Denise Gough. She graduated from Trinity

"Natural fiber"
soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. Chitosan is easier to process that chitin, but it is less stable because it is more hydrophilic and has pH sensitivity. Due to its ease of processing, chitosan is used in biomedical applications. Collagen is a structural protein, often referred to as “the steel of biological materials”. There are multiple types of collagen: Type I (comprising skin, tendons and ligaments, vasculature and organs, as well as teeth and bone); Type II (a component in cartilage); Type III (often found in reticular fibers); and others. Collagen has a hierarchical structure, forming triple helices, fibrils, and fibers.

Microfibril
Microfibril A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. Its most frequently observed structural pattern is the 9+2 pattern in which two central protofibrils are surrounded by nine other pairs. Cellulose inside plants is one of the examples of non-protein compounds that are using this term with the same purpose. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall. As the cell absorbs water, its

Keratin is a structural protein located at the hard surfaces in many vertebrates. Keratin has two forms, α-keratin and β-keratin and are used by different classes of animals. The naming convention for proteins follows that for keratin, alpha keratin is helical and beta keratin is sheet like. Alpha keratin is found in mammalian hair, skin, nails, horn and quills, while beta keratin can be found in avian and reptilian species in scales, feathers, and beaks. The two different structures of keratin have dissimilar mechanical properties, as seen in their dissimilar applications. The relative alignment of the keratin fibrils has a

Fibril
removal of a macroscopic crimp, uncrimping, in the collagen fibrils, visible in light microscope. At larger strains, ""heel"" and ""linear"" region, there's no further structural change visible. Tropocollagen is the molecular component fiber, consisting of three left handed polypeptide chains (red, green, blue) coiled around each other, forming a right-handed triple helix. Muscles contract and stretch via the steerable sliding/grasping of the myosin interacting with actin fibers. Actin consists of two polypeptides in a helix and myosin has a small heart-shaped structure, cross-bridge. The bind and unbind processes of cross-bridge attaching on actin filament help relative movement of these collagens

Fiber
Cellulose fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, regenerated from natural cellulose. The cellulose comes from various sources: rayon from tree wood fiber, Modal from beech trees, bamboo fiber from bamboo, seacell from seaweed, etc. In the production of these fibers, the cellulose is reduced to a fairly pure form as a viscous mass and formed into fibers by extrusion through spinnerets. Therefore, the manufacturing process leaves few characteristics distinctive of the natural source material in the finished products. Some examples of this fiber type are: Historically, cellulose diacetate and -triacetate were classified under the term rayon, but are now

over clothing made of synthetic fibers by people living in hot and humid climates. Natural fibers are made from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Natural fibers can be classified according to their origin. Animal fibers generally comprise proteins such as collagen, keratin and fibroin; examples include silk, sinew, wool, catgut, angora, mohair and alpaca. Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world, with collagen being the first. It is a “linear polysaccharide of β-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose”. Chitin is highly crystalline and is usually composed of chains organized in a β sheet. Due to its high crystallinity and chemical structure,

"Cellulose fiber"
first commercial textile uses for acetate in fiber form were developed by the Celanese Company in 1924. Hermann Staudinger determined the polymer structure of cellulose in 1920. The compound was first chemically synthesized (without the use of any biologically derived enzymes) in 1992, by Kobayashi and Shoda. Cellulose is a polymer made of repeating glucose molecules attached end to end. A cellulose molecule may be from several hundred to over 10,000 glucose units long. Cellulose is similar in form to complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen. These polysaccharides are also made from multiple subunits of glucose. The difference between cellulose

"Elastic fiber"
disease, is associated with an altered elastic matrix. Hypertension and some congenital heart defects are associated with alterations in the great arteries, arteries, and arterioles with alterations in the elastic matrix. Elastic fiber Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as ""connective tissue proper"". The elastic fiber is formed from

Elastic fiber Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as ""connective tissue proper"". The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril (consisting of numerous proteins such as microfibrillar-associated glycoproteins, fibrillin, fibullin, and the elastin receptor) and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous

Collagen
Collagen Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids wound together to form triple-helices l of elongated fibrils. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments and skin. Depending upon the degree of mineralization, collagen tissues may be either rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). It is also abundant in

"New England Patriots"
become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 15 AFC East titles in 17 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten-year period (126, in 2003–2012), an undefeated 16-game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21-game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won nine straight division titles from 2009 to 2017). The team owns

dismissed as head coach after the 1999 season. The Patriots' current coach, Bill Belichick, was hired in 2000, and a new home field, Gillette Stadium, was opened in 2002. Under Belichick, the team won three Super Bowls in four years (2001, 2003, and 2004). The Patriots finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16–0 record, becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated in the regular season, and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games. After advancing to Super Bowl XLII, the team's fourth Super Bowl in seven years,

the Patriots were defeated by the Giants to end their bid for a 19–0 season. With the loss, the Patriots ended the year at 18–1, becoming only one of three teams to go 18–1 along with the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears. The Patriots' returned to the Super Bowl in 2012 but lost again to the Giants, 21–17. In 2015, they won Super Bowl XLIX, defeating the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24. The Patriots became the first team to reach nine Super Bowls in the 2016–17 playoffs and faced the Atlanta Falcons in Super

Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit to reinstate it a year later for the 2016 NFL season. Brady eventually agreed to serve the suspension in 2016, but led the Patriots to win Super Bowl LI in spite of it. The Patriots' flagship radio station is WBZ-FM 98.5 FM, owned by CBS Radio. The larger radio network is called the New England Patriots Radio Network, whose 37 affiliate stations span seven states. Gil Santos and Gino Cappelletti were the longtime announcing team until their retirement following the conclusion of the 2012 NFL season. Santos was replaced by Bob Socci. Former

load of black powder than a regular historical reenactor does, specifically 200 grains, in order to be heard throughout the stadium. ESPN writer Josh Pahigian named this one of the top ten celebrations in the league in 2007. Since 2002, the Patriots' home stadium has been Gillette Stadium, a $350 million facility privately financed by Kraft. It houses all administrative offices for the team and its owning entity, The Kraft Group, as well as the Kraft-owned Major League Soccer team, the New England Revolution. The field, which was originally natural grass, was replaced with a FieldTurf surface during the 2006

leagues. The team changed its name from the original Boston Patriots after relocating to Foxborough in 1971. The Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium from 1971 to 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season. The Patriots' rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL. The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl ten times in franchise history, the most of any team, eight of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since

Bowl LI, which ended up paving the way for their fifth Super Bowl victory, tying them with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for the second-most in NFL history, 1 behind the Pittsburgh Steelers with 6; the game was also the first Super Bowl to go into overtime. The Patriots became the first team to reach ten Super Bowls in the 2017–18 playoffs but lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Patriots original helmet logo was a simple tricorne hat, used only for the

thanks to a new NFL rule outlawing throwback alternate helmets. In 2016, the Patriots took part in the NFL Color Rush program, wearing monochrome navy uniforms on September 22 against the Houston Texans. They have worn them only once since 2016, donning the uniforms in a Thursday Night Football matchup against the Indianapolis Colts on October 4, 2018. In terms of number of games played, the Patriots have competed most against teams either currently or formerly from the AFC East division. This includes the current teams, the New York Jets, the Miami Dolphins, and the Buffalo Bills, as well as

situation and that the Patriots staff intentionally deflated the footballs. A later study by the American Enterprise Institute called the evidence and methodology of the Wells report ""deeply flawed"" and ""unreliable"". In the aftermath of the incident, the NFL suspended Brady without pay for the first four games of the 2015 season, fined the Patriots $1 million, and forced them to forfeit their 2016 first round draft pick and 2017 fourth round draft pick. Brady appealed his suspension, which was eventually vacated by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, only for the United States

the record for most Super Bowls reached (eight) and won (five) by a head coach–quarterback tandem, and most Super Bowl appearances overall (ten). Currently, the team is tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five, after the Steelers, who have six. On November 16, 1959, Boston business executive Billy Sullivan was awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL). The following winter, locals were allowed to submit ideas for the Boston football team's official name. The most popular choice – and the one that Sullivan selected – was

where do they put the tomb vampires in order to burn them during founders day

"Charnel house"
Charnel house A charnel house is a vault or building where human skeletal remains are stored. They are often built near churches for depositing bones that are unearthed while digging graves. The term can also be used more generally as a description of a place filled with death and destruction. In countries where ground suitable for burial was scarce, corpses would be interred for approximately five years following death, thereby allowing decomposition to occur. After this, the remains would be exhumed and moved to an ossuary or charnel house, thereby allowing the original burial place to be reused. In modern

"Vampire: The Masquerade"
an organized conspiracy primarily orchestrated by the Camarilla to convince the general public that vampires do not exist. The Camarilla believes the Masquerade is the cornerstone survival strategy for Kindred and fear that without it the kine would rise up and exterminate all the undead. Prohibitions against exposing the existence of Kindred existed prior to the 15th century in a set of ancient laws known as the Traditions. The First Tradition reads: """"Thou shall not reveal thy true nature to those not of the Blood. Doing such shall renounce thy claims of Blood."""" This stricture was not consistently nor as

"Ghost Manor"
touching them from the correct side. A tone is played for each successful search. One coffin in each stage contains a Cross, which is used to repel Dracula in the final stage of the game. If the character has a Lamp, the playfield will be illuminated the entire time the character is in either stage 3 or 4. If the character does not have a Lamp, the playfield will only be illuminated for brief periods when lightning strikes near Ghost Manor. Stage 5 (the Prison), is where the final battle takes placeplayers must guide their character underneath Dracula and press

"Count Dracula"
discovers that Dracula purchased multiple real estate properties 'over the counter' throughout the North, South, East and West sides of London under the alias 'Count De Ville'. Dracula's main plan was to move each of his 50 boxes of earth to his various properties in order to arrange multiple lairs throughout and around the perimeter of London. The party pries open each of the graves, places wafers of Sacramental bread within each of them, and seals them shut. This deprives the Count of his ability to seek safety in those boxes. Dracula gains entry into Seward's residence by coercing an

"Phantom Manor"
trestle, the mine elevator, and the second lift hill. The Manor's grounds are untended, overgrown with weeds and scattered with dead vegetation. Upon entering the grounds, guests can see a bat guard box and a plaque on the wall which reads ""Phantom Manor — Non Omnis Moriar"" (Latin for ""I shall not die completely""). A derelict gazebo stands on the lawn that has a tea set laid out. Originally, these used to move to mimic two people pouring and drinking tea, at night, the light in the gazebo flickers. The gazebo also contains a music box playing within (since 2001,

"The Mummy's Tomb"
in force, they confront Bey outside the hut. Kharis slips away with Isobel unbeknownst to the horde, and Bey attempts to shoot Banning, but is himself gunned down by the sheriff. The creature is observed heading toward the Banning estate, and the group begins pursuit, many bearing torches. Inside the home, Banning holds Kharis at bay with a torch while he rescues Isobel from the mummy's grasp, but inadvertently sets fire to some curtains. With the aid of the sheriff and coroner, John and Isobel escape via a trellis as Kharis pursues them out onto the upstairs balcony. The townspeople

"Dead Before Dawn"
to show off to Charlotte and clumsily drops it. Casper tries warning them of the danger, but they laugh at him, thinking him to be paranoid. Skeptical, they invent a curse of their own: anyone with whom they make eye contact with after 10pm (since midnight is cliche) will kill themselves and come back as a ""zemon"", a zombie possessed by the evil demonic spirit entrapped in the urn. The zemons spread their infection through hickeys rather than bites, and those infected kill themselves and become zemons. As an additional rule, if someone gives a zemon a French kiss, the

"Wayne Manor"
system that Bruce Wayne discovered as a boy and later used as his base of operations, the Batcave. The method used to access it from inside the mansion has varied across the different storylines in the comics, movies, and shows. In the comic books, it is typically accessible from a hidden door in Wayne Manor's study behind a non-functioning grandfather clock, which opens to a descending staircase when the hands on said clock are turned to 10:47, the time Thomas and Martha Wayne were killed. The Batcave is accessible from outside the mansion through a hidden entrance on the estate's

United States. Major examples are the Hopewell cultures and Mississippian cultures. These houses were used specifically for mortuary services and, although they required many more resources to build and maintain than a crypt, they were widely used. They offered privacy and shelter as well as enough workspace for mortuary proceedings. These proceedings included cremation (in the included crematorium) as well as defleshing of the body before the cremation. Once the houses had served their purpose, they were burned to the ground and covered by earth, creating a sort of burial mound. Anthropologist William F. Romain in ""Mysteries of the Hopewell""

"House of Shock"
the House Of Shock was inappropriate for public viewing. The House Of Shock still operates in a different location close to the old location and is considered by many to be one of the best haunted houses in the United States. The horror show starts off with a pyrotechnic stage show complete with actors. After the show, guests walk through a zombie infested graveyard and funeral parlor, followed by the morgue and the butcher house. After being stained with blood, guests move on to the Church of Satan, which is largely the center of controversy regarding House Of Shock. Once

"Monarchy of the Netherlands"
the Netherlands. On 28 January 2013, the Queen announced that she would be abdicating on 30 April 2013 in favour of her eldest son. The current monarch is King Willem-Alexander (born 1967), who has been on the Throne since 30 April 2013. He studied history at the University of Leiden and became actively involved in water management. His wife is Queen Máxima (née Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti), an economics major, whose father was a minister of agriculture in the dictatorial regime under General Videla in Argentina. Because of that their relationship was accompanied by fierce public debate and only officially sanctioned

"Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands"
Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beatrix and diplomat Claus van Amsberg. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession as queen on 30 April 1980, and succeeded her following her abdication on 30 April 2013. He went to public primary and secondary schools, served in the Royal Netherlands Navy, and studied history at Leiden University. He married Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti

Settlement, King Willem-Alexander temporarily forfeited his (distant) succession rights to the throne of the United Kingdom by marrying a Roman Catholic. This right has since been restored in 2015 under the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beatrix and diplomat Claus van Amsberg. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession as queen on 30

civil society), patron of Veterans' Day and held several other patronages and posts. On 28 January 2013, Beatrix announced her intention of abdicating. On the morning of 30 April, Beatrix signed the instrument of abdication at the ""Moseszaal"" (Moses Hall) at the Royal Palace of Amsterdam. Later that afternoon, Willem-Alexander was inaugurated as king in front of the joint assembly of the States General in a ceremony held at the Nieuwe Kerk. As king, Willem-Alexander has weekly meetings with the prime minister and speaks regularly with ministers and state secretaries. He also signs all new Acts of Parliament and royal

he became, and remains, Europe's second-youngest monarch. He is also the first male monarch of the Netherlands since the death of his great-great-grandfather William III in 1890. Willem-Alexander was one of four new monarchs to take the throne in 2013 along with Pope Francis, the Emir Tamim bin Hamad of Qatar, and King Philippe of Belgium. Willem-Alexander is an avid pilot and has said that if he had not been a royal, he would have liked to be an airline pilot so he could fly big planes such as the Boeing 747. During the reign of his mother, he regularly

"Beatrix of the Netherlands"
plans for the coming parliamentary year. As Queen, she was president of the Council of State. Her role was largely ceremonial and as a focus of national unity; she did not make legislative or executive decisions. Beatrix is a member of the Bilderberg Group, a secretive, invitation-only annual conference co-founded by her father which first met in Hotel de Bilderberg in Oosterbeek. On 28 June 1965, the engagement of Princess Beatrix to the German diplomat Claus von Amsberg was announced. Claus and Beatrix had met at the wedding-eve party of Princess Tatjana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse, in

after quiet diplomacy, resulting in Máxima's father agreeing not to be present on their wedding day (2 February 2002). Former minister Max van der Stoel and Prime Minister Wim Kok seem to have played a crucial role in this process. On 7 December 2003 Princess Máxima gave birth to a daughter: Princess Catharina-Amalia. On 26 June 2005 another daughter was born: Princess Alexia. On 10 April 2007 a third daughter was born, Princess Ariane. They are first, second and third in line to the Dutch throne. His mother, Princess Beatrix announced that she would be abdicating the Throne on 30

April 2013. On that day, Willem-Alexander became the new King and was sworn in and inaugurated in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, in a session of the States-General. The heir apparent to the Dutch throne is Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange. Most members of the Dutch royal family, in addition to other titles hold (or held) the princely title Prince of Orange-Nassau. The children of Prince Friso and Prince Constantijn are instead counts and countesses of Orange-Nassau. In addition to the titles King/Prince of the Netherlands and Prince of Orange-Nassau, daughters of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld hold another

in Utrecht, Netherlands. He is the first child of Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus, and the first grandchild of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard. He was the first male Dutch royal baby since the birth of Prince Alexander in 1851, and the first immediate male heir since Alexander's death in 1884. From birth, Willem-Alexander has held the titles Prince of the Netherlands (), Prince of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: ""Prins van Oranje-Nassau""), and Jonkheer of Amsberg (Dutch: ""Jonkheer van Amsberg""). He was baptised as a member of the Dutch Reformed Church on 2 September 1967 in Saint Jacob's Church in The Hague.

building such a resort in a poor country like Mozambique. After public and parliamentary controversy the royal couple announced that they decided to sell the property in Machangulo once their house was completed. In January 2012, it was confirmed that the villa had been sold. His style and title, as appearing in preambles, is: ""Willem-Alexander, by the Grace of God, King of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, etc. etc. etc."" The triple 'etc.' refers to the Dutch monarch's other titles. Willem-Alexander is the first Dutch king since Willem III, who died in 1890. Willem-Alexander had earlier indicated that when he

"Urinary bladder"
urogenital sinus, and it is initially continuous with the allantois. The upper and lower parts of the bladder develop separately and join together around the middle part of development. At this time the ureters move from the mesonephric ducts to the trigone. In males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the prostate, and separated from the rectum by the recto-vesical pouch. In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina; thus its maximum capacity is lower than in males. It is separated from the

Urinary bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination. In the human the bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, that sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and (10.14 and ) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. In humans, the bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated at the base of the pelvis. Urine

urinary bladder is poorly developed. It is largest in those fish which lack an air bladder, and is situated in front of the oviducts and behind the rectum. All mammals have a urinary bladder. This structure begins as an embryonic cloaca. In the vast majority, this eventually becomes differentiated into a dorsal part connected to the intestine and a ventral part which becomes associated with the urinogenital passage and urinary bladder. The only mammals in which this does not take place are the platypus and the spiny anteater both of which retain the cloaca into adulthood. The mammalian bladder is

enlarged. The bladder is situated below the peritoneal cavity near the pelvic floor and behind the pubic symphysis. In men, it lies in front of the rectum, separated by the recto-vesical pouch, and is supported by fibres of the levator ani and of the prostate gland. In women, it lies in front of the uterus, separated by the vesico-uterine pouch, and is supported by the elevator ani and the upper part of the vagina. The wall of the urinary bladder is normally 3–5 mm thick. When well distended, the wall is normally less than 3 mm. The inner walls have

from parasympathetic fibers, which come from the pelvic splanchnic nerves. Sensation from the bladder is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) via general visceral afferent fibers (GVA). GVA fibers on the superior surface follow the course of the sympathetic efferent nerves back to the CNS, while GVA fibers on the inferior portion of the bladder follow the course of the parasympathetic efferents. For the urine to exit the bladder, both the autonomically controlled internal sphincter and the voluntarily controlled external sphincter must be opened. Problems with these muscles can lead to incontinence. The human urinary bladder derives from the

collects in the bladder, fed from the two ureters that connect the bladder with the kidneys. Urine leaves the bladder via the urethra, a single muscular tube ending in an opening – the urinary meatus, where it exits the body. Anatomists divide the bladder into:. The apex (prev.""vertex"") is directed forward toward the upper part of the pubic symphysis, and from there the median umbilical ligament continues upward on the back of the anterior abdominal wall to the umbilicus. The peritoneum is carried by it from the apex on to the abdominal wall to form the middle umbilical fold. The

mediate bladder diseases such as overactive bladder. The bladder is supplied by the vesical arteries and drained by the vesical veins. The superior vesical artery supplies blood to the upper part of the bladder. The lower part of the bladder is supplied by the inferior vesical artery in males and by the vaginal artery in females, both of which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. In females, the uterine arteries provides additional blood supply. Venous drainage begins in a network of small vessels on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the bladder, which coalesce and pass backwards along the

a series of ridges, thick mucosal folds known as rugae that allow for the expansion of the bladder. The Latin phrase for ""urinary bladder"" is ""vesica urinaria"", and the term ""vesical"" or prefix ""vesico -"" appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for ""bladder"" - ""cystis"" - appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder). The outside of the bladder is protected by a serous membrane. The bladder wall itself is smooth muscle. The inner side of the bladder is lined with a mucosal membrane consisting of a surface glycocalyx

This makes the upper boundary of the trigone. The trigone is a smooth-muscle area that forms the floor of the bladder above the urethra. It is an area of smooth tissue for the easy flow of urine into and from this part of the bladder - in contrast to the irregular surface formed by the rugae. In men, the prostate gland lies outside the opening for the urethra. The middle lobe of the prostate causes an elevation in the mucous membrane behind the internal urethral orifice called the uvula of urinary bladder. The uvula can enlarge when the prostate becomes

an organ that regularly stores a hyperosmotic concentration of urine. It therefore is relatively impermeable and has multiple epithelial layers. The urinary bladder of the cetaceans (whales and dolphins) is proportionally smaller than that of land-dwelling mammals. In the whole class of Aves there is no urinary bladder per se. Although all birds have kidneys, the ureters open directly into a cloaca which serves as a reservoir for urine, fecal matter, and eggs. In crustaceans, the urinary bladder consists of two sets of lateral and central lobes. Urinary bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and

Borama
wettest month is 110 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 7 °C. As of 2005, Borama had a population of around 315,616 inhabitants. The Awdal region in which the city is situated is inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Gadabuursi subclan of the Dir especially well represented and considered the pre-dominant clan of the region. There is also a sizeable minority of the Issa subclan of the Dir who mainly inhabit the Zeila district. Currently, there are 52 primary and secondary schools in Borama. These schools can be divided into three main categories:

"Borča"
it comprises only one sub-neighborhood, Centar III. It had a population of 9,640 in 1991, 14,875 in 2002 and 7,298 in 2011. Local community of Borča Greda occupies the entire northern section of the settlement, extending on both sides of ""Zrenjaninski put"". The fastest growing sections of Borča, like Pretok or Mali Zbeg, are located in this local community, so it more than doubled its population between the 2002 and 2011 censuses: 9,327 in 1991, 8,087 in 2002 and 18,600 in 2011. There are only few parks in Borča, and they are small. One, called Mali park (Small Park, formerly

"Bor, Serbia"
Lindner, Gyula Trebitsch and the father of Ákos Kertész. Among the killed prisoners is Miklós Radnóti. In 1947, Bor received the town status by charta of political authorities. At the time its population was 11,000. In June 2018, Bor gained the status of a city, along with Prokuplje. Aside from the city proper area, the city includes the following settlements: According to the 1910, 1931 and 1971 censuses, the inhabitants of urban area of Bor numbered 2,613 in 1910, 4,749 in 1931 and 29,118 residents in 1971. According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bor numbered 48,615 residents,

Borama
Borama Borama (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia. During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the Adal Sultanate. It later formed a part of the British Somaliland protectorate in the first half of the 20th century. According to the UNDP in 2005 the city had a population of around 215,616, making it one of the largest cities inside Somaliland. It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in Somaliland

"Bora Bora"
pronounced ""Bola Bola"" or ""Bora Bora"". When explorer Jacob Roggeveen first landed on the island, he and his crew adopted the name ""Bora Bora"" which has stood ever since. The island was inhabited by Polynesian settlers around the 4th century The first European sighting was made by Jakob Roggeveen in 1722. James Cook sighted the island on 29 July 1769, using a Tahitian navigator, Tupaia. The London Missionary Society arrived in 1820 and founded a Protestant church in 1890. Bora Bora was an independent kingdom until 1888 when its last queen Teriimaevarua III was forced to abdicate by the French

Borama
Borama is situated in a mountainous and hilly area. It has green meadows and fields, and represents a key focal point for wildlife. The town's unusual fertility and greenery in the largely arid countryside has attracted many fauna, such as gazelles, birds and camels. The prevailing climate in Borama is known as a local steppe climate. The warmest month of the year is June with an average temperature of 24.1 °C. In January, the average temperature is 17.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year and the difference in precipitation between the driest month and the

Borawal
Borawal Borawal () is a town in Budhlada tehsil of Mansa district of Punjab, India. According to the census of 2011, Borawal has a population of 3950. Famous places of borawal are village pond ,three gurdwaras,C-pet camp.There are welfare clubs such as umeed social welfare club ,saheed udam singh welfare club. Borawal is considered to be one of the oldest towns in Punjab. According to historians, Borawal came into existence in early or mid-thirteenth century. Pt. Kartar Singh Dakha wrote 1945 in his verses that ""In the town of Borawal in Patiala Raaj, there lives the Braveheart Sekhon people from

Bor, Serbia Bor () is a city and the administrative center of the Bor District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 48,615 inhabitants. It has one of the largest European copper mines - RTB Bor. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there.. With 760 residental buildings it present the most urban area due to number of citizens in country, and one of top-five cities in Serbia by number of buildings.. The name is derived from the Serbian word ""Bor"" (Бор), meaning ""pine"".

"Borča"
May 1952 but in 1955 with municipalities of Ovča, Krnjača and Padinska Skela merged into one named Krnjača. In turn, this municipality was annexed to the Belgrade's municipality of Palilula in 1965. In 1727, 39 households were recorded in the settlement. In 1843 it had 675 inhabitants while in 1859 there were 124 households. In 1910, by the last census in Austria-Hungary in had a population of 1,535. Since the 1960s Borča began a massive development with rapid population growth having a population of 46,086 by the official census in 2011. Following the official data, Borča is the largest single

Sombor
Sombor Sombor (, ; ; / ""Zombor"") is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 47,623 (), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 85,903 inhabitants. In Serbian, the city is known as ""Sombor"" (Сомбор), in Hungarian and German as ""Zombor"", in Croatian and Bunjevac as ""Sombor"", in Rusyn as ""Zombor"" (Зомбор), and in Turkish as ""Sonbor"". The older Hungarian name for the city was ""Czoborszentmihály"". The name originates from the Czobor family, who were the owners of this area in

"Tropic of Cancer"
at the prime meridian and heading eastward, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the following countries and territories: Excluding cooler highland regions in China, the climate at the Tropic of Cancer is generally hot and dry except for easterly coastal areas where orographic rainfall can be very heavy, in some places reaching annually. Most regions on the Tropic of Cancer experience two distinct seasons: an extremely hot summer with temperatures often reaching and a warm winter with maxima around . Much land on or near the Tropic of Cancer is part of the Sahara Desert, while to the east the

Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, which is also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent. It is currently north of the Equator. Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun can be directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn. These tropics are two of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of Earth; the others being

(0.468″) of latitude, or 15 metres, per year (it was at exactly 23° 27′N in 1917 and will be at 23° 26'N in 2045). See axial tilt and circles of latitude for further information. North of the tropic are the subtropics and the North Temperate Zone. The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the Tropic of Capricorn, and the region between the two, centered on the Equator, is the tropics. There are approximately 13 hours, 35 minutes of daylight during the summer solstice. During the winter solstice, there are 10 hours, 41 minutes of daylight. Starting

"Vandemataram Marg"
Vandemataram Marg Vandemataram Marg (alternate spelling Vande Mataram Marg) is an arterial road in New Delhi, India. It runs through the central section of the Delhi Ridge and connects Karol Bagh to Dhaula Kuan. It was earlier called Upper Ridge Road, frequently shortened to Ridge Road, and is still often referred to by this name. For most areas of North Delhi, the shortest route to Delhi airport lies through the entire length of Vandemataram Marg. It stretches in a south-westerly direction from a roundabout at its northern (north-eastern) end, where it meets with Pusa Road, Arya Samaj Road and Faiz

"Tropic of Cancer (TV series)"
meeting turtles hatching in Sur. Episode 4 sees him travel across India from Gujarat through Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and West Bengal visiting places such as the Rann of Kutch, Ujain and Kolkata. Episode 5 sees him travel across Bangladesh by water to Dhaka and head on to the Indian border and cross over into Tripura. He discovers the rainforest being cut down before heading to Mizoram and on to Burma where he treks to a Chin village before having to turn back to India. The final episode sees him visit Laos and the Golden Triangle as well as Luang Prabang

climate is torrid monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September and very little rainfall for the rest of the year. The highest mountain on or adjacent to the Tropic of Cancer is Yushan in Taiwan; though it had glaciers descending as low as during the Last Glacial Maximum, none survive and at present no glaciers exist within of the Tropic of Cancer; the nearest currently surviving are the Minyong and Baishui in the Himalayas to the north and on Iztaccíhuatl to the south. According to the rules of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, for a flight to compete

and the town of Ghat where he heads out into the oases. He flies to Sabha where Muammar Gaddafi was born before continuing to Kufra where he sees a water project. Episode 3 sees him travel through Southern Egypt and see the Egyptian ruins of Abu Simbel. He continues to Aswan and Lake Nasser before meeting a bedouin community before finishing in a Red Sea beach resort. He crosses to Saudi Arabia and Jeddah before heading to glitzy Riyadh and on by train to Dubai where he meets migrant workers. He finishes in Oman and the mountains around Nizwa before

for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians, and end on the same airfield where it started. Length of the Tropic on 11 December 2015, at 23°26′14″N is . For an ordinary circumnavigation the rules are somewhat relaxed and the distance is set to a rounded value of at least . Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, which is also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This

the Arctic and Antarctic Circles and the Equator. The positions of these two circles of latitude (relative to the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit. When this line of latitude was named in the last centuries BC, the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (Latin for ""crab"") at the June solstice, the time each year that the Sun reaches its zenith at this latitude. Due to the precession of the equinoxes, this is no longer the case; today the Sun is in Taurus at the June solstice. The

Pattaya
uses modern, air-conditioned buses, and takes around hours to reach the airport. The trip from the airport (level 1 gate 8 at arrival hall) to the bus terminal in Pattaya, makes three stops at North, Central, and South Pattaya intersections before going to their last drop off point, the office on Thappraya road (near Jomtiem). It can take longer if many hotel stops are negotiated along Sukhumvit Road in Pattaya. The other bus service is the Bell Travel Service (Coach 36) which goes from the airport (Level 1 Between Gate 7 & 8) to the Pattaya Bell office at the

"Can't Help Falling in Love"
Can't Help Falling in Love ""Can't Help Falling in Love"" is a song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album ""Blue Hawaii"" (1961). It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss. (The melody is based on ""Plaisir d'amour"", a popular French love song composed in 1784 by Jean-Paul-Égide Martini). ""Can't Help Falling in Love"" was featured in Presley's 1961 film, ""Blue Hawaii"" and also in the film The Book Of Life (2014). During the following four decades, it has been recorded by numerous other artists, including Tom Smothers, Swedish pop group A-Teens, and the

"It's the Falling in Love"
It's the Falling in Love ""It's the Falling in Love"" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson with guest vocals by R&B singer–songwriter Patti Austin. It is the ninth track from his fifth studio album, ""Off the Wall"" (1979). It was written by Carole Bayer Sager and David Foster, with production by Quincy Jones. Dionne Warwick also recorded the song for her 1980 album ""No Night So Long"". The version of the song by Dee Dee Bridgewater is included on her 1979 album ""Bad for Me"". Bee Gees protégé singer Samantha Sang also released a version of this

singers, backed by new orchestral arrangements performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1993, British reggae band UB40 recorded the song as the first single from their 1993 album ""Promises and Lies"". The song was released in May 1993, in the majority of countries worldwide. It eventually climbed to No. 1 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 after debuting at No. 100, and remained there for seven weeks. It was also number one in the United Kingdom, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand. The song appears on the soundtrack of the movie ""Sliver"", the trailer for ""Fools Rush In"",

song in 1979, which is now available only in Australia on her album ""The Ultimate Collection."" Personnel as listed in the album's liner notes are: 2005: It's the Falling in Love was sampled on So Solid Crew member DJ Swiss's single ""Cry"", from the album ""Pain 'n' Muziq"". 2008: British DJ Louis La Roche's 2008 song ""Love"" from the EP ""The Peach"". It's the Falling in Love ""It's the Falling in Love"" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson with guest vocals by R&B singer–songwriter Patti Austin. It is the ninth track from his fifth studio album, ""Off

"Fallin' in Love (Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds song)"
Fallin' in Love (Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds song) ""Fallin' In Love"" is a song recorded and released by the trio of Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds. The song was written by band member Dan Hamilton. Released in the summer of 1975, the song became the group's second Top 10 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in the U.S. (following 1971's ""Don't Pull Your Love"" which peaked at #4), and it was their only song to reach the #1 position on this chart. It was also the only pop #1 hit for the Playboy Records label. ""Fallin' in Love""

filmed in Los Angeles, California. It had two different versions. The ""Disney Version"", as the fans named it, features scenes of the movie, and also new scenes of the A-Teens with beach costumes. The ""A-Teens Version"" of the video, features the A-Teens on the white background with different close-ups and choreography, and scenes with puppies and different costumes. Tracks marked + are not A-Teens tracks. European 2-track CD single European/Australian CD maxi Can't Help Falling in Love ""Can't Help Falling in Love"" is a song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album ""Blue Hawaii"" (1961). It was written

British reggae group UB40, whose 1993 version topped the U.S. and UK charts. Elvis Presley's version of the song topped the British charts in 1962. The single is certified Platinum by the RIAA, for US sales in excess of one million copies. In the United States, the song peaked at No. 2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 behind Joey Dee and the Starliters' ""Peppermint Twist"" and went to No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for six weeks. During Presley's late 1960s and 1970s live performances, the song was performed as the show's finale. Most notably, it was also

"Falling in Love (Taio Cruz song)"
Falling in Love (Taio Cruz song) ""Falling in Love"" is a song by English singer-songwriter Taio Cruz, released as the eighth overall single and second single from the second re-release of his second studio album, ""Rokstarr"". The single was released exclusively in America and Spain, and was available via digital download from 15 April 2011. The music video was uploaded to YouTube on 18 February 2011. The music video was released to YouTube on 18 February 2011. It features Cruz performing the single whilst sitting at a piano in the window of a first floor apartment. He precedes to perform

"Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It) ""Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"" is the English language name for a 1930 German song composed by Friedrich Hollaender as """"Ich bin von Kopf bis Fuß auf Liebe eingestellt"""" (literally: ""I am, from head to toe, ready for love""). The song was originally performed in the film ""Der Blaue Engel"" (English translation: ""The Blue Angel"") by Marlene Dietrich, who also recorded the most famous English version, which became her anthem. Dietrich is backed by the Friedrich Hollaender Orchestra. The English lyrics were written by Sammy Lerner, though they do not include

"Fallin' for You (Colbie Caillat song)"
Fallin' for You (Colbie Caillat song) ""Fallin for You"" is a song by American singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat. It was written by Caillat along with Rick Nowels, and produced by Nowels, John Shanks, and Caillat's father Ken Caillat, for her second studio album ""Breakthrough"" (2009). The song was released on June 26, 2009 as the lead single from the album, through Universal Republic. Musically, the song is a pop ballad, and the lyrics, according to Caillat, speak of people falling for a guy that they are friends with. The song was included on the international soundtrack of the Brazilian soap opera

Kurkure
Kurkure Kurkure is a brand of corn puffs, produced and developed by pepsico India, the Indian division of PepsiCo. Named after the Hindi word for ""crunchy"", the snack was developed entirely in India. It was launched in 1999 and has its automated plants at Channo (Punjab, India), Kolkata and Pune. PepsiCo is manufacturing Kurkure in Pakistan also. Kurkure is made from rice meal, edible vegetable oil (palm oil), corn meal, gram meal, spices, condiments,salt, sugar, tartaric , milk solids and E631. Also, it contains flavour (natural and nature identical flavouring substances) In India Kurkure is available in the following flavours:

Taradi
Taradi Taradi, or Himalayan yam, is a little-studied plant which appears above the ground as a low vine, but underground bears long, convoluted tuber growth stretching sometimes as deep as 2 metres. It is native to Palampur in northern India. It has received very little attention from botanists, and its species has not even been determined or named, although its morphology and life patterns show it to belong in the ""Dioscorea"" genus, so it has been referred to as ""Dioscorea spp."". The tubers are edible, and are eaten during traditional religious festivals. Taradi can be roasted or cooked, and used

"Picrorhiza kurroa"
properties and thus supports the liver and spleen. It is used in all forms of liver damage, cirrhosis and inflammation of the liver. It protects the liver against damage from the hepatitis C virus. Picrorhiza kurroa Picrorhiza kurroa is one of the major income generating non-timber forest products found in the Nepalese Himalayas. It is one of the oldest medicinal plants traded from the Karnali zone. Known as Kutki or कुटकी in Nepali, it is a perennial herb and is used as a substitute for Indian gentian (""Gentiana kurroo""). It is found in the Himalayan region from Kashmir to Sikkim

"Prunus mira"
their native range, for their fruit (which is often pickled), their seeds (as a substitute for almonds), and for their seed oil, which is used for cooking and hair oil. The rootstocks are used for almonds and for dwarfing peach trees, and are resistant to powdery mildew. Prunus mira Prunus mira, the smooth stone peach, smooth-pit peach or Tibetan peach, and locally called Behmi, Behimi or Tirul, is a species of ""Prunus"" native to the foothills of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau, at elevations typically between 2600 and 3000m, but ranging from 2000 to 4000m. ""Prunus mira"" grows to

"Taramira oil"
massage oil and to soothe the skin. The seed cake, a byproduct of oil production, is also of use as animal feed. Taramira oil Taramira oil or jamba oil, is a seed oil, pressed from the seeds of the arugula (""Eruca sativa""). Because the plant is highly drought resistant, the oil is popular in regions of poor rainfall, particularly in West Asia, Pakistan and Northern India. The oil is highly pungent and, upon extraction, acrid. The pungency differs from that of mustard oil, although taramira oil can be used to make a sort of mustard. In India, the oil is

Tarahara
Shree Janasahayog HSS / Rastriya Janasahayog College. Tarahara Tarahara (तरहरा) is a town in the Sunsari District of Nepal. It is located on the Koshi Highway in between Itahari and Dharan. It is famous in the eastern region primarily for Sekuwa (roasted meat). There is a government-owned agricultural research center. The name Tarahara comes from Sanskrit Terai + Hara(Green) = Tarahara. Now it is known as Itahari 20, Tarahara. Tarahara FM is situated here in Tarahara. Their one of the main Program is Quiz Mala (RJ Uttam Giri), every Friday 6 PM to 7 PM. Here you can get ""School

"Sterculia urens"
eaten. Sterculia urens Sterculia urens is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to India and has been introduced into Burma. A small to medium-sized tree with a pale-coloured trunk, it is commonly known as the भुत्या in Marathi (meaning ghost tree), kulu, Indian tragacanth, gum karaya, katira, sterculia gum or kateera gum. The specific name ""urens"" refers to the stinging hairs present on the flowers. ""Sterculia urens"" var. ""thorelii"" is an accepted name according to the Catalogue of Life and found in Vietnam, where it is known as ""bảy thưa Thorel"". Synonyms of ""S.u. thorelii""

Taramira oil Taramira oil or jamba oil, is a seed oil, pressed from the seeds of the arugula (""Eruca sativa""). Because the plant is highly drought resistant, the oil is popular in regions of poor rainfall, particularly in West Asia, Pakistan and Northern India. The oil is highly pungent and, upon extraction, acrid. The pungency differs from that of mustard oil, although taramira oil can be used to make a sort of mustard. In India, the oil is used for pickling, after aging to reduce the acridity, as a salad or cooking oil. The oil is also used as a

"Sapindus mukorossi"
addition, researchers have demonstrated the potential for the soapnut to be used as a natural surfactant for washing arsenic from soils that are rich in iron. Sapindus mukorossi Sapindus mukorossi is a species of tree in the Sapindaceae family. The fruit is commonly known as Indian Soapberry or washnut, and like other species in the genus ""Sapindus"", it is called soapberry. It is also a native of Western coastal Maharashtra – Konkan, and Goa in India. ""Sapindus mukorrossi"", known as the ritha or reetha tree in India and Nepal, is a deciduous tree that is grown in the lower foothills

Tarwara
Tarwara Tarwara is a village panchayat, and the most developed village located in the Siwan district of Bihar state, India, around from Patna, the state capital. The other surrounding state capitals are Ranchi (), Lucknow (), and Gangtok (). Situated on the bank of Gandak River one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India. It is also called Krishna Gandaki in Nepal. It originates between Tibet and Mount Everest at an elevation of 6,268 metres (20,564 ft) at the Nhubine Himal Glacier in the Mustang region of Nepal. The Gandak river

The second book titled ""The Dark Prophecy"" was released in May 2017. The third book titled ""The Burning Maze"" was released on May 1, 2018. The novels are set within the same fictional universe as the three previous book series, and is narrated alternately in first-person by the two protagonist-siblings Carter and Sadie Kane. The siblings are descended from the two pharaohs Narmer and Ramses the Great and are powerful magicians. They and their friends are forced to contend with who still interact with the real world. The series includes a trilogy consisting of ""The Red Pyramid"" (2010), ""The Throne

"Rick Riordan"
which became the first book in the Tres Navarre series. His big breakthrough was ""The Lightning Thief"" (2005), the first novel in the five-volume Percy Jackson series, which placed a group of adolescents in a Greco-Roman mythological setting. Since then, Riordan has written ""The Kane Chronicles"" trilogy and ""The Heroes of Olympus"" series. ""The Kane Chronicles"" (2010-2012) focused on Egyptian mythology; ""The Heroes of Olympus"" was the sequel to the Percy Jackson series. Riordan also helped Scholastic Press develop ""The 39 Clues"" series and its spinoffs, and penned its first book, ""The Maze of Bones"" (2008). His most recent publications

Thor Freudenthal and 20th Century Fox, under the title """", and was released on August 7, 2013. ""The Titan's Curse"" is the third installment in the series. It was released on May 11, 2007. On a mission to rescue half-bloods Bianca and Nico di Angelo; Percy, Annabeth, Thalia, and Grover are attacked by a Manticore and rescued by the goddess Artemis and her Hunters. However, Annabeth falls off a cliff while fighting the manticore and is said to be captured. Later, Artemis is captured by Luke's army while on the hunt for the Ophiotaurus, a cow-serpent monster that was foretold

Percy Jackson & the Olympians Percy Jackson & the Olympians, often shortened to Percy Jackson, is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure novels written by American author Rick Riordan, and the first book series in the Camp Half-Blood Chronicles. Five supplementary books, along with three graphic novels, have also been released. More than 45 million copies of the books have been sold in more than 35 countries. As of October 28, 2011, the series has been on ""The New York Times"" Best Seller list for children's book series for 245 weeks. The first book was adapted into a film titled """"

stole the bolt to allow Kronos, the defeated king of the Titans, a chance to rise again. The book was adapted into a film by Chris Columbus and 20th Century Fox, under the title """", and was released on February 12, 2010. ""The Sea of Monsters"" is the second installment in the series, released on April 1, 2006. Camp Half-Blood is under attack when Thalia's tree, which guards the borders of the camp, is poisoned and slowly begins to die. In order to save the tree and the camp, someone must recover the Golden Fleece, which is somewhere in the

the way Percy's sword works. In 2004, the book was sold to Miramax Books for enough money for Riordan to quit his job and focus on writing. After it was released on 28 June 2005, it sold over 1.2 million copies. The book was released in multiple versions, including hardcover, paperback and audio editions. It has been translated into multiple languages and published all over the world. ""The Lightning Thief"" is the first book in the series and was released on July 1, 2005. After a harrowing experience at his school trip, Percy Jackson returns home for the summer vacation,

"The Heroes of Olympus"
The Heroes of Olympus The Heroes of Olympus is a pentalogy of fantasy-adventure novels written by American author Rick Riordan. The novels detail a conflict between Greek and Roman demigods and Gaea, the earth goddess. The series is a sequel to ""Percy Jackson & the Olympians"", which dealt with Greek gods. Riordan introduces Roman mythology into his sequel series as well as several new characters. The first book of the series, ""The Lost Hero"", was published on October 12, 2010. The final entry in the series, ""The Blood of Olympus"", was published on October 7, 2014. ""The Heroes of Olympus""

"The Lightning Thief"
The Lightning Thief The Lightning Thief is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology, the first young adult novel written by Rick Riordan in the ""Percy Jackson & the Olympians"" series. The manuscript was sold in an auction to Miramax Books, an imprint of Hyperion Books for Children and thus Disney Publishing (succeeded by the Disney Hyperion imprint). The novel charts the adventures of modern-day twelve-year-old Percy Jackson as he discovers he is a demigod, the son of a mortal woman and the Greek god Poseidon. Percy and his friends Annabeth Chase and Grover Underwood go on a quest

the idea for the ""Percy Jackson"" series as bedtime stories about ancient Greek heroes for his son Haley. Haley had been diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia, inspiring Riordan to make the titular protagonist ADHD and dyslexic. Riordan published the first novel in the series, ""The Lightning Thief"", in 2005. Four sequels followed, with the last, ""The Last Olympian"" in 2009. Prior to ""Percy Jackson"", Riordan had written the ""Tres Navarres"" series, a series of mystery novels for adult readers. His Percy Jackson and the Olympians series features the titular twelve-year-old who discovers he is the modern-day son of the ancient

"The Titan's Curse"
lead his army through the Labyrinth straight in to the heart of camp. To get into the Labyrinth, Percy has to find the symbol of Daedalus, the Greek letter delta, (Δ) on a passageway, touch it, and then enter the Labyrinth. Using the Labyrinth, Percy tries to find Daedalus so Luke cannot get Ariadne's string, thereby foiling Luke's invasion. The Titan's Curse The Titan's Curse is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was released on May 1, 2007, and is the third novel in the ""Percy Jackson & the Olympians"" series and the

"Indiana Jones"
(in reference to the fact that fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films). During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in earnest on ""Raiders of the Lost Ark"". However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to ""Magnum, P.I."" (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role. One of CBS's concerns was that shooting for ""Magnum P.I."" conflicted with shooting for ""Raiders"", both of which were to begin about

the same time. However, Selleck was to say later in an interview that shooting for ""Magnum P.I."" was delayed and did not actually begin until shooting for ""Raiders"" had concluded. Subsequently, both Peter Coyote and Tim Matheson auditioned for the role. However, after Spielberg suggested Ford again, Lucas relented, and Ford was cast in the role less than three weeks before filming began. The industry magazine ""Archaeology"" named eight past and present archaeologists who they felt ""embodied [Jones'] spirit"" as recipients of the Indy Spirit Awards in 2008. That same year Ford himself was elected to the Board of Directors

"Harrison Ford"
2018, but Ford was not involved in the production. Ford's status as a leading actor was solidified when he starred as globe-trotting archeologist Indiana Jones in the film ""Raiders of the Lost Ark"" (1981), a collaboration between George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. Though Spielberg was interested in casting Ford from the beginning, Lucas was not, due to having already worked with the actor in ""American Graffiti"" and ""Star Wars"", but he eventually relented after Tom Selleck was unable to accept. Ford went on to star in the prequel ""Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom"" (1984) and the sequel ""Indiana

"Steven Spielberg"
later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery). Nevertheless, the re-release was a moderate success, while the 2001 DVD release of the film restored the original ending. Next, Spielberg teamed with ""Star Wars"" creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film, ""Raiders of the Lost Ark"", the first of the Indiana Jones films. The archaeologist and adventurer hero Indiana Jones was played by Harrison Ford (whom Lucas had previously cast in his ""Star Wars"" films as Han Solo). The film was considered an homage to the cliffhanger serials of the Golden

Award in 2009, the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy in 2010, and the Al Ueltschi Humanitarian Award in 2013. In 2013, ""Flying Magazine"" ranked him number 48 on their list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation. Harrison Ford Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American actor, writer and film producer. He gained worldwide fame for his starring roles as Han Solo in the ""Star Wars"" film series and as the title character of the ""Indiana Jones"" film series. Five of his movies are within the 30 top-grossing movies of all time at the US box office (when adjusted for

"Henry Jones, Sr."
device. Sean Connery was the obvious choice to play the role for him, as James Bond was an inspiration for Indiana. George Lucas and Harrison Ford were surprised, though. Ford explained Connery (born in 1930), was only twelve years older than he was. Connery enhanced the character, who was conceived as more bookish. He came up with the line ""She talks in her sleep"" while filming, which caused the crew to ruin the take as they found it so funny. To prepare for the role in ""The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles"", Lloyd Owen prepared by watching numerous Connery films and

the thriller ""Syriana"", later commenting that ""I didn't feel strongly enough about the truth of the material and I think I made a mistake."" The role eventually went to George Clooney, who won an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his work. Prior to that, he had passed on a role in another Stephen Gaghan-written role, Robert Wakefield in ""Traffic"". That role went to Michael Douglas. In 2008, Ford enjoyed success with the release of ""Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull"", another Lucas/Spielberg collaboration. The film received generally positive reviews and was the second highest-grossing film worldwide

(1997); Andrew Davis' ""The Fugitive ""(1993); Sydney Pollack's remake of ""Sabrina ""(1995); and Wolfgang Petersen's ""Air Force One"" (1997). Ford also played straight dramatic roles, including an adulterous husband in both ""Presumed Innocent"" (1990) and ""What Lies Beneath"" (2000), and a recovering amnesiac in Mike Nichols' ""Regarding Henry"" (1991). Many of Ford's major film roles came to him by default through unusual circumstances: he won the role of Han Solo while reading lines for other actors, was cast as Indiana Jones because Tom Selleck was not available, he also took over the role of Jack Ryan supposedly due to Alec

Costume designer Deborah Nadoolman Landis noted that the inspiration for the series as well as Indiana Jones' outfit was Charlton Heston's Harry Steele in ""Secret of the Incas"" (1954) and called ""Raiders of the Lost Ark"" ""almost a shot for shot"" remake of the Heston film, citing that Indiana Jones was ""a kinder, gentler Harry Steele"": ""We did watch this film together as a crew several times, and I always thought it strange that the filmmakers did not credit it later as the inspiration for the series."" Many people are said to be the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones

Some have also posited that C.L. Moore’s science fiction character Northwest Smith may have influenced Lucas and Spielberg in their naming choice. Lucas has said on various occasions that Sean Connery's portrayal of British secret agent James Bond was one of the primary inspirations for Jones, a reason Connery was chosen for the role of Indiana's father in ""Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade"". Spielberg earned the rank of Eagle Scout and Ford the Life Scout badge in their youth, which gave them the inspiration to portray Indiana Jones as a Life Scout at age 13 in ""The Last Crusade"".

what proposition made the insurance commissioner an elected position

"Health insurance mandate"
to resonate with conservative principles of individual responsibility, and conservative groups recognized that the healthcare market was unique. In 1993, President Bill Clinton proposed a health care reform bill which included a mandate for employers to provide health insurance to all employees through a regulated marketplace of health maintenance organizations and an individual mandate. However, the Clinton plan failed amid concerns that it was overly complex or unrealistic, and in the face of an unprecedented barrage of negative advertising funded by politically conservative groups and the health insurance industry. At the time, Republican Senators proposed a bill that would have

"New York State Insurance Department"
1871, invited the heads of insurance departments or agencies from other states to meet in New York to strive for more uniform regulation. Eighteen states met that year for the first session of what is now the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (""NAIC""). Mismanagement in the life insurance business, including exorbitant salaries and questionable investments, resulted in a 1905 investigation led by Charles Evans Hughes. The investigation, known as the ""Armstrong Investigation"", led to the passage of a law that set forth a series of reforms, including mandatory periodic examinations of all life insurers. During the Great Depression, the Insurance

"Health insurance in the United States"
declared that fringe benefits, such as sick leave and health insurance, did not count as wages for the purpose of wage controls, employers responded with significantly increased offers of fringe benefits, especially health care coverage, to attract workers. President Harry S. Truman proposed a system of public health insurance in his November 19, 1945, address. He envisioned a national system that would be open to all Americans, but would remain optional. Participants would pay monthly fees into the plan, which would cover the cost of any and all medical expenses that arose in a time of need. The government would

"Walsh Act"
commissioners, and are only responsible for their specific department(s). The Walsh Act was modeled on the commission system that was set up in Galveston, Texas in the wake of the devastating Hurricane of 1900. As part of its reconstruction efforts, the city reorganized itself to a government system in which each elected official had a specific area of responsibility, combining executive and legislative responsibilities. The Walsh Act was enacted in 1911, and specified that commissioners would be elected at large in nonpartisan elections, and would serve four-year, concurrent terms of office. The Walsh Act was the first charter law in

York State Legislature. In 1849, the Legislature passed a law requiring prospective insurance companies to file incorporation papers with the New York Secretary of State. The law also vested regulatory power over insurance companies with the State Comptroller, who was authorized to require the companies to submit annual financial statements and to deny a company the right to operate if capital securities and investments did not remain secure. In 1859, the New York State Legislature created the New York State Insurance Department, and assumed the functions of the Comptroller and Secretary of State relating to insurance. The Department began operations

ultimately stripped to secure the support of moderates. The bill passed the Senate in December 2009 with all Democrats voting in favor and the House in March 2010 with the support of most Democrats. Not a single Republican voted in favor of it either time. Historically, health insurance has been regulated by the states, consistent with the McCarran-Ferguson Act. Details for what health insurance could be sold were up to the states, with a variety of laws and regulations. Model acts and regulations promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) provide some degree of uniformity state to state.

in television ads. However, following the adoption of an individual mandate as a central component of President Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2009, Republicans began to oppose the mandate. In 2009, every Republican Senator (including Bennett, who had co-written the 2007 bill featuring a mandate) voted to describe the mandate as ""unconstitutional"". (Explaining his opposition, Bennett later said: ""I didn't focus on the particulars of the amendment as closely as I should have, and probably would have voted the other way if I had understood that the individual mandate was at its core. I just wanted to

"California Public Utilities Commission"
unbridled power of the Southern Pacific Railroad grew to the point that a three-member Railroad Commission was established, primarily to approve transportation prices. However, the Southern Pacific quickly dominated this commission to its advantage, and public outrage re-ignited. As experience with public regulation grew, other common utilities were brought under the oversight of the Railroad Commission. On March 3, 1879 the California Constitution was adopted by constitutional convention and was ratified by the electorate on May 7, 1879, and included provisions relating to Railroad Commissioners in article XII. On April 15, 1880 the Board of Railroad Commissioners was created. On

"Public health insurance option"
cooperatives to compete with existing private insurers. Paul Krugman also questioned the ability of cooperatives to compete. While politically difficult, some politicians and observers have argued for a single-payer system. A bill, the United States National Health Care Act, was first proposed by Representative John Conyers in 2003 and has been perennially proposed since, including during the debate on the public option and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. President Obama has come out against a single-payer reform at this time, stating in the joint session of Congress that ""it makes more sense to build on what works and

health care coverage, and they paid three times as much as younger adults, while having lower incomes. Consequently, interest persisted in creating public health insurance for those left out of the private marketplace. The 1960 Kerr-Mills Act provided matching funds to states assisting patients with their medical bills. In the early 1960s, Congress rejected a plan to subsidize private coverage for people with Social Security as unworkable, and an amendment to the Social Security Act creating a publicly run alternative was proposed. Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Medicare and Medicaid programs into law in 1965, creating publicly run

"I Can Only Imagine (film)"
I Can Only Imagine (film) I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, Trace Adkins and Brody Rose also star. ""I Can Only Imagine"" was released in the United States on March 16,

1 film in DVD sales and rentals for the week ending June 16, 2018. I Can Only Imagine (film) I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, Trace Adkins and Brody Rose also

and he reunites with Shannon, who was also in attendance. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving success on both Christian and mainstream radio. The film was announced in December 2016. Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017. Broadway actor J. Michael Finley, who sang all the songs in the movie, makes his film debut as Bart Millard. The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018. In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the

2018. It was a massive box office success, grossing $85 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, becoming the fourth highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers. At the 2018 Dove Awards, the film won ""Inspirational Film of the Year"". 10-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day his mother drops him off at a Christian camp where he meets Shannon. Upon his return from

"Amy (1981 film)"
Amy (1981 film) Amy is a 1981 American family drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions, distributed by Buena Vista Distribution, written by Noreen Stone and directed by Vincent McEveety, and starring Jenny Agutter. Amy Medford (Jenny Agutter) is a dutiful housewife of the early 20th century. But when her husband Elliot (Chris Robinson) objects to a wife with a career, Amy leaves her husband and comfortable lifestyle. She goes on to devote her life to teaching sight-and-hearing-impaired students at a tradition-bound special school. Amy teaches the impaired students how to speak, as most of the students have never heard

"Joey Lauren Adams"
the Overbrook neighborhood of North Little Rock and graduated from North Little Rock Northeast High School in 1986. She announced her intention to pursue acting after one year as an exchange student in Australia. She currently resides in Beverly Hills, California. Adams married Brian Vilim in 2014. Joey Lauren Adams Joey Lauren Adams (born January 9, 1968) is an American actress and director who has appeared in more than 40 films. She appeared in several Kevin Smith View Askewniverse films, including ""Chasing Amy"", for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical

"Susan Sullivan"
Susan Sullivan Susan Michaela Sullivan (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress. Sullivan is best known for her roles as Lenore Curtin Delaney on the daytime soap opera ""Another World"" (1971–76), as Dr. Elaina Marks in the television series pilot ""The Incredible Hulk"", as Lois Adams on the ABC sitcom ""It's a Living"" (1980–81), as Maggie Gioberti Channing on the primetime soap opera ""Falcon Crest"" (1981–89), as Kitty Montgomery on the ABC sitcom ""Dharma & Greg"" (1997–2002), and as Martha Rodgers on ""Castle"" (2009–2016). Sullivan was born in New York City, the daughter of Helen (née Rockett) and Brendan

"Amy and Isabelle"
the intent to make a film through Harpo Productions, under their ""Oprah Winfrey Presents"" banner. Filming took place in South Carolina and Elisabeth Shue and Hanna Hall were brought on to portray Isabelle and Amy Goodrow. The film aired on ABC on March 4, 2001. Critical reception for the film was mixed. Critical reception for the novel has been positive and the book received praise from ""Entertainment Weekly"" and ""Publishers Weekly"". Author Suzanne Berne reviewed the book for the ""New York Times"" and commented that although the book was not perfect, it was ""such an eloquent, captivating novel that its

"Janine Duvitski"
Janine Duvitski Janine Duvitski (born Christine Janine Drzewicki; 28 June 1952) is an English actress, known for her roles as Jane Edwards in ""Waiting for God"", Pippa Trench in ""One Foot in the Grave"" and Jacqueline Stewart in ""Benidorm"". Duvitski first came to national attention in the play ""Abigail's Party"", written and directed in 1977 by Mike Leigh. Duvitski was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. Her father was Polish. She trained at the East 15 Acting School in London. She has four children, Jack, Albert, Ruby, and Edith Bentall, with her actor husband Paul Bentall. Her youngest daughter Edith is the

"Elizabeth Berridge (actress)"
Elizabeth Berridge (actress) Elizabeth Berridge (born May 2, 1962) is an American film and theatre actress. She is known for playing Constanze Mozart in the Academy Award-winning 1984 film ""Amadeus"", for the role of Officer Eve Eggers on ""The John Larroquette Show"" (1993-1996), and for her performances in the theater. Berridge was born in New Rochelle, New York, the daughter of George Berridge, a lawyer, and Mary L. Berridge (née Robinson), a social worker. The family settled in Larchmont, New York, where she attended Chatsworth Elementary School. There she began to perform and sing. Due to her acting commitments, she

"Only in My Dreams"
Only in My Dreams ""Only in My Dreams"" is the debut single for American singer-songwriter-actress Debbie Gibson. Released December 16, 1986, as a maxi single (Atlantic DM 86744), and then in remixed form (Vocal/3:50, as described herein) February 1987, the song was written by Gibson in 1984, two years before she recorded it. Produced by Fred Zarr and engineered by Don Feinberg for BiZarr Music, Inc., mixed by ""Little"" Louie Vega and mastered by Herb ""Pump"" Powers, the dance-pop song reached No. 4 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart in the summer of 1987. Douglas Breitbart for Broadbeard

DM 2532 'Only in My Dreams 1998' (released February 1998). The basic rhythm is modified from the Dream House Version of the original song on Atlantic DM 86556, track 3. 'Only in My Dreams 1998' Only in My Dreams ""Only in My Dreams"" is the debut single for American singer-songwriter-actress Debbie Gibson. Released December 16, 1986, as a maxi single (Atlantic DM 86744), and then in remixed form (Vocal/3:50, as described herein) February 1987, the song was written by Gibson in 1984, two years before she recorded it. Produced by Fred Zarr and engineered by Don Feinberg for BiZarr Music,

"Only in Dreams (song)"
Only in Dreams (song) ""Only in Dreams"" is a song by the band Weezer. It is the 10th and final track on their 1994 self-titled debut album. At slightly over eight minutes, it is to date Weezer's longest song. It is most noteworthy for its three-minute crescendo of the two guitars, bass, and drums, in which the dynamics gradually increase and the timbre builds up layers until the climaxing guitar solo at the end. The song's lyrics tell the story of a young man who wants to be romantically involved with the girl of his dreams. But because he cannot

crashing down around her. ""Only in My Dreams"" ""Only in My Dreams"" Back-to-back with these two tracks on this maxi-single is Chic's ""Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)"" (8:30); this track was originally released in 1978 on Atlantic maxi single DK 4600. Gibson did several major modifications to this song after she left Atlantic Records. In 1997, apparently the entire song was re-recorded, first appearing as 'Only in My Dreams' (1997 Dance Edit/4:38), track 14 on Espiritu LP 9602 ""Deborah,"" Revision 1.1 for June 1997, and later in seven variations, including one with a retrofitted eight-measure rap, on Jellybean Recordings

"Only in My Mind"
""Only in My Mind"" was officially released as a single to radio in September 1985, her last single released during the year. The song peaked one position higher than her last single, reaching number 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart in late 1985, while also reaching number 6 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart. The song helped McEntire to become a member of country music's Grand Ole Opry program, where she has been a member since. Only in My Mind ""Only in My Mind"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire.

"Only a Dream"
Dream."" Featuring both Ray Davies and Dave Davies, Ray Davies lip-synced the song. American pop group E.Y.C. covered ""Only a Dream."" Only a Dream ""Only a Dream"" is a song released and performed by the British rock band The Kinks, written by the main songwriter of the band, Ray Davies. The song appeared on their 1993 album ""Phobia"", the band's final LP. Ray Davies said of the song in a 1993 interview, ""I think I kind of found my voice again on 'Only a Dream,' which I wrote on a plane to England after I decided that the album needed

Only a Dream ""Only a Dream"" is a song released and performed by the British rock band The Kinks, written by the main songwriter of the band, Ray Davies. The song appeared on their 1993 album ""Phobia"", the band's final LP. Ray Davies said of the song in a 1993 interview, ""I think I kind of found my voice again on 'Only a Dream,' which I wrote on a plane to England after I decided that the album needed to have a little more humanity. It's odd that an artist who's supposed to have been around still gets intimidated by

the original multi-track for DM 86744, became Track 3 on Gibson's debut album ""Out of the Blue"" (Atlantic LP 81780), and a further variation, ""Only in My Dreams (Dream House Mix/10:03)"", was Track 3 on Atlantic DM 86556 ""Foolish Beat"". Since the song's release, Gibson has re-recorded the song twice: in 1997 for her album ""Deborah"" and in 2010 for the Deluxe Edition release of the Japan-exclusive ""Ms. Vocalist"". The song was voted #95 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the 80s. The music video for this song was recorded as a dream sequence at a beach in Asbury Park,

"In Dreams (Roy Orbison song)"
In Dreams (Roy Orbison song) ""In Dreams"" is a song composed and sung by rock and roll performer Roy Orbison. An operatic ballad of lost love, it was released as a single on Monument Records in February 1963. It became the title track on the album ""In Dreams"", released in July of the same year. The song has a unique structure in seven musical movements in which Orbison sings through two octaves, beyond the range of most rock and roll singers. The song peaked on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 charts at number 7, and charted in the United Kingdom for

"Only When I Sleep"
Only When I Sleep ""Only When I Sleep"" is a single by Celtic folk rock band The Corrs from their album ""Talk on Corners"", released in October 1997. The song focuses on being in love with someone in your dreams, not anyone in reality. The track was also included on The Corrs' album """" in 2006. The single managed to peak at number ten in the Irish Singles Chart and #58 in the UK Singles Chart. The video for ""Only When I Sleep"" is of a more glamorous style than the previous videos. It was shot in the Alexandria Hotel

"Chair of the Federal Reserve"
Chair of the Federal Reserve The Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the head of the Federal Reserve, which is the central banking system of the United States. The position is known colloquially as ""Chair of the Fed"" or ""Fed Chair"". The chair is the ""active executive officer"" of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The chair is chosen by the President of the United States from among the members of the Board of Governors; and serves for four-year-terms after appointment. A chair may be appointed for several consecutive terms. William

In effect, the Federal Reserve Board members in Washington, D.C., were significantly less powerful than the presidents of the regional Federal Reserve Banks prior to 1935. In the 1935 Act, the district heads had their titles changed to ""President"" (e.g., ""President of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis""). As stipulated by the Banking Act of 1935, the President of the United States appoints the seven members of the Board of Governors; they must then be confirmed by the Senate and serve fourteen year terms. The nominees for chair and vice-chair may be chosen by the President from among the

System. A chair serves for a four-year term after appointment, but may be reappointed for several consecutive four-year terms. As of 2018, there have been a total of sixteen Fed Chairs. Chair of the Federal Reserve The Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the head of the Federal Reserve, which is the central banking system of the United States. The position is known colloquially as ""Chair of the Fed"" or ""Fed Chair"". The chair is the ""active executive officer"" of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The chair is chosen by

"Federal Reserve Board of Governors"
Federal Reserve Board of Governors The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board, is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the Federal Reserve Banks and with helping implement the monetary policy of the United States. Governors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered 14-year terms. By law, the appointments must yield a ""fair representation of the financial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests and geographical divisions of the country"". As stipulated in the Banking Act of

Martin was the longest serving chair, holding the position from 1951 to 1970. The current Chairman is Jerome Powell, who was sworn in on February 5, 2018. He was nominated to the position by President Donald Trump on November 2, 2017, and was later confirmed by the United States Senate. Section 203 of the Banking Act of 1935 changed the name of the ""Federal Reserve Board"" to the ""Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System."" The directors' salaries were significantly lower (at $12,000 when first appointed in 1914) and their terms of office were much shorter prior to 1935.

sitting Governors for four-year terms; these appointments are also subject to Senate confirmation. The Senate Committee responsible for vetting a Fed Reserve Chair nominee is the Senate Committee on Banking. By law, the chair reports twice a year to Congress on the Federal Reserve's monetary policy objectives. He or she also testifies before Congress on numerous other issues and meets periodically with the Treasury Secretary. The law applicable to the Chair and all other members of the Board provides (in part): The following is a list of past and present Chairs of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve

"Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
redeemable only at par, the nominal ""owners"" do not benefit from this surplus capital. In 2010, the Federal Reserve System contributed $79 billion to the U.S. Treasury. The seven-member Board of Governors is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the 12 District Reserve Banks and with helping implement national monetary policy. Governors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered, 14-year terms. By law, the appointments must yield a ""fair representation of the financial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests and geographical divisions of the

1935, the Chair and Vice Chair of the Board are two of seven members of the Board of Governors who are appointed by the President from among the sitting Governors. The terms of the seven members of the Board span multiple presidential and congressional terms. Once a member of the Board of Governors is appointed by the president, he or she functions mostly independently. The Board is required to make an annual report of operations to the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. It also supervises and regulates the operations of the Federal Reserve Banks, and the U.S. banking

executive officer of the Bank, appointed by the board of directors of the Bank, with the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, for a term of five years. The terms of all the presidents of the twelve District Banks run concurrently, ending on the last day of February every five years. The appointment of a President who takes office after a term has begun ends upon the completion of that term. A president of a Reserve Bank may be reappointed after serving a full term or an incomplete term. Reserve Bank presidents are subject to

qualified"", it is possible for a member to serve for significantly longer than a full term of 14 years. The law provides for the removal of a member of the Board by the President ""for cause"". The Chair and Vice Chair of the Board of Governors are appointed by the President from among the sitting Governors. They both serve a four-year term and they can be renominated as many times as the President chooses, until their terms on the Board of Governors expire. All seven board members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and five Federal Reserve Bank presidents

"The Next Iron Chef"
contest was judged by food writer Michael Ruhlman, ""Bon Appétit"" restaurant editor Andrew Knowlton, and restaurateur Donatella Arpaia. The judges are restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food author and long-time Iron Chef America judge Jeffrey Steingarten and sustainable food expert Anya Fernald. The judges are restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar and current Iron Chef Michael Symon, winner of the Season 1 competition. As the winner of the Secret Ingredient Challenge, Chef Estes was able to have a five-minute advantage to grab ingredients from the ""pantry"" and start cooking. As the winner of the previous challenge, Maneet Chauhan was

having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning of cooking. Note: In this episode, Iron Chef Jose Garces served as a guest judge, substituting for fellow Iron Chef Michael Symon. (This episode was originally intended to be a double elimination. However, because there was a three-way tie for the second chef to be eliminated, the remaining four chefs were allowed to continue to the next round.) Secret Ingredient: Thanksgiving Feast (heritage turkey, white pekin duck, venison, lobster) The judges for season four were current Iron Chef Michael Symon, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar, and Iron

Challenges six and seven took place in Munich, Germany and Paris, France respectively. The final challenge took place at the Food Network studios in New York City, on the Iron Chef America set. The winner of ""The Next Iron Chef"" was Cleveland restaurant chef Michael Symon. Season 2 premiered on October 4, 2009, and featured ten chefs battling to be the newest Iron Chef. The show was based in Los Angeles before traveling to Tokyo for two episodes, and again hosted by Alton Brown and ""The Chairman"" Mark Dacascos. Following a final battle in Kitchen Stadium, Chicago-born Ecuadorian-American chef Jose

"Top Chef (season 15)"
Top Chef (season 15) Top Chef: Colorado is the fifteenth season of the American reality television series ""Top Chef"". Initial details about the season and its cast were revealed on October 12, 2017. The show was filmed in various cities across Colorado, including Denver, Boulder, Telluride, and Aspen. The season premiered on December 7, 2017, and concluded on March 8, 2018. ""Last Chance Kitchen"" premiered on November 30, 2017. In the season finale, Joseph Flamm was declared the Top Chef, defeating Adrienne Cheatham. Fatima Ali was voted Fan Favorite. ""Top Chef: Colorado"" features a cast of 15 new contestants. In

Chef Judy Joo from ""Iron Chef UK"". Ingredient Order: Landmark Order: Ingredient Order: The judges for this season are: Iron Chef Geoffrey Zakarian, restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, and food writer Simon Majumdar. A Vietnamese version of ""The Next Iron Chef"" premiered on November 18, 2012 on VTV3 which also broadcasts ""Iron Chef Vietnam"". It premiered a week after ""Iron Chef Vietnam"" ended the first series. The Next Iron Chef The Next Iron Chef is a limited-run series on the Food Network that aired its fifth season in 2012. Each season is a stand-alone competition to select a chef to be designated

"Top Chef (season 2)"
viewer reaction to the Season 2 chefs' attitudes and overall behavior as the reason why no reunion episode was filmed. In the season finale, Ilan Hall was declared the Top Chef, defeating Marcel Vigneron. Sam Talbot was voted Fan Favorite. 15 chefs were selected to compete in ""Top Chef: Los Angeles"". Marcel Vigneron and Elia Aboumrad later returned to compete in """". Josie Smith-Malave and Sam Talbot also returned to compete once again in """" and """", respectively. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Top Chef (season 2) Top Chef: Los Angeles is the second season of the American reality television series ""Top Chef"". It

"Top Chef Masters (season 2)"
Susan Feniger, and Tony Mantuano are the first group of chefs competing for two spots in the Champions Round. Carmen Gonzalez, David Burke, Marcus Samuelsson, Monica Pope, and Thierry Rautureau are the second group of chefs competing for two spots in the Champions Round. Season 1 Veterans Graham Elliot Bowles, Jonathan Waxman, Ludo Lefevbre, Mark Peel, Rick Moonen, and Wylie Dufresne are the third group of chefs competing for two spots in the Champions Round. Debbie Gold, Jody Adams, Maria Hines, Rick Tramonto, and Susur Lee are the fourth and final group of chefs competing for two spots in the

able to assign the dishes to prepare to each chef. Mary Dumont, having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning. As the winner of the previous challenge, Marc Forgione was able to replace one of his caught fishes with someone else. He replaced one of his scorpion fishes with Celina Tio's caught snapper as a result. Duskie Estes, having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning. As the winner of the previous challenge, Celina Tio had a five-minute head start in the 30-minute hunt for ingredients on the fair grounds. Maneet Chauhan,

"Top Chef: Just Desserts (season 2)"
made clear that Quickfire winners this season may receive other rewards, including cash prizes. The Elimination Challenge is a more complex challenge that determines who goes home. One or more judges join the show each week to evaluate both the Quickfire and Elimination challenges. Each week's elimination is announced in a segment called ""Judges' Table."" Goldilocks and the Three Bears: Nelson, Orlando, Sally & Rebecca Hansel and Gretel: Melissa, Lina & Vanarin Jack and the Beanstalk: Craig, Katzie & Megan Little Red Riding Hood: Amanda, Carlos, Chris & Matthew Black Team: Orlando, Nelson, Craig Green Team: Carlos, Sally, Rebecca Blue

20 stars (five stars given by the tasters, and fifteen given by the three critics). A chef can thus win a maximum of 20 stars. The two chefs with the most stars at the end of the Elimination challenge are considered the winners and move on to the Champions Round. The eight total winners then meet up for the final weeks when one person will be eliminated in each episode until the finale where one winner is crowned ""Top Chef Master."" The winning chef receives $100,000 for his or her designated charity. Ana Sortun, Govind Armstrong, Jerry Traunfeld, Jimmy Bradley,

"Human body temperature"
body's core temperature rises to a higher temperature through the action of the part of the brain that controls the body temperature; with hyperthermia, the body temperature is raised without the influence of the heat control centers. In hypothermia, body temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism and bodily functions. In humans, this is usually due to excessive exposure to cold air or water, but it can be deliberately induced as a medical treatment. Symptoms usually appear when the body's core temperature drops by below normal temperature. Basal body temperature is the lowest temperature attained by the body during

of these averages as representing normal or ideal measurements, a wide range of temperatures has been found in healthy people. The body temperature of a healthy person varies during the day by about with lower temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures in the late afternoon and evening, as the body's needs and activities change. Other circumstances also affect the body's temperature. The core body temperature of an individual tends to have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian rhythms. The body

fever, so even a somewhat elevated temperature can indicate a serious underlying cause in geriatrics. Different methods used for measuring temperature produce different results. The temperature reading depends on which part of the body is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows: Generally, oral, rectal, gut, and core body temperatures, although slightly different, are well-correlated, with oral temperature being the lowest of the four. Oral temperatures are generally about lower than rectal temperatures. Oral temperatures are influenced by drinking, chewing, smoking, and breathing with the mouth open. Mouth breathing, cold drinks or food reduce oral

an electric blanket raises the body temperature at night. Sleep disturbances also affect temperatures. Normally, body temperature drops significantly at a person's normal bedtime and throughout the night. Short-term sleep deprivation produces a higher temperature at night than normal, but long-term sleep deprivation appears to reduce temperatures. Insomnia and poor sleep quality are associated with smaller and later drops in body temperature. Similarly, waking up unusually early, sleeping in, jet lag and changes to shift work schedules may affect body temperature. A temperature setpoint is the level at which the body attempts to maintain its temperature. When the setpoint is

"Basal body temperature"
Basal body temperature Basal body temperature (BBT or BTP) is the lowest body temperature attained during rest (usually during sleep). It is usually estimated by a temperature measurement immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken. This will lead to a somewhat higher value than the true BBT. In women, ovulation causes a sustained increase of at least in BBT. Monitoring BBTs is one way of estimating the day of ovulation. The tendency of a woman to have lower temperatures before ovulation, and higher temperatures afterwards, is known as a temperature pattern. Charting this pattern may be

temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold. Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following Circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assuming the person sleeps at night and stays awake during the day). Therefore, an oral temperature of would, strictly speaking, be a normal, healthy temperature in the afternoon but not in the early morning. An individual's body temperature typically changes by about between its highest and lowest points each day. Body temperature is sensitive to many hormones, so women

have a temperature rhythm that varies with the menstrual cycle, called a ""circamensal"" rhythm. A woman's basal body temperature rises sharply after ovulation, as estrogen production decreases and progesterone increases. Fertility awareness programs use this change to identify when a woman has ovulated in order to achieve or avoid pregnancy. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, both the lowest and the average temperatures are slightly higher than during other parts of the cycle. However, the amount that the temperature rises during each day is slightly lower than typical, so the highest temperature of the day is not very

There are various types of medical thermometers, as well as sites used for measurement, including: Temperature control (thermoregulation) is part of a homeostatic mechanism that keeps the organism at optimum operating temperature, as the temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions. In humans, the average internal temperature is , though it varies among individuals. However, no person always has exactly the same temperature at every moment of the day. Temperatures cycle regularly up and down through the day, as controlled by the person's circadian rhythm. The lowest temperature occurs about two hours before the person normally wakes up. Additionally, temperatures

Human body temperature Normal human body temperature, also known as normothermia or euthermia, is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as . Individual body temperature depends upon the age, exertion, infection, sex, and reproductive status of the subject, the time of day, the place in the body at which the measurement is made, and the subject's state of consciousness (waking, sleeping or sedated), activity level, and emotional state. It is typically maintained within this range by thermoregulation. Taking a person's temperature is an initial part of a full clinical examination.

certainly pregnant. Calculating the expected due date for a pregnancy based upon the self-reported last menstrual period is less accurate than calculating it based upon either BBT or ultrasound. Basal body temperature Basal body temperature (BBT or BTP) is the lowest body temperature attained during rest (usually during sleep). It is usually estimated by a temperature measurement immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken. This will lead to a somewhat higher value than the true BBT. In women, ovulation causes a sustained increase of at least in BBT. Monitoring BBTs is one way of estimating the

"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
are bailed out by a woman who was also at the bar. Compiled from liner notes. The Whiskey Ain't Workin' ""The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"" is a song recorded by American country music artists Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart. It was released in November 1991 as the third single from Tritt's album ""It's All About to Change"". It peaked at number 2 on the ""Billboard"" country music chart in the United States, and at number 4 on the country singles chart in Canada. The song was written by Stuart and Ronny Scaife. The music video is directed by Gerry Wenner. In

The Whiskey Ain't Workin' ""The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"" is a song recorded by American country music artists Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart. It was released in November 1991 as the third single from Tritt's album ""It's All About to Change"". It peaked at number 2 on the ""Billboard"" country music chart in the United States, and at number 4 on the country singles chart in Canada. The song was written by Stuart and Ronny Scaife. The music video is directed by Gerry Wenner. In it, Tritt and Stuart are at a bar and they wind up going to jail but

"It Ain't the Whiskey"
It Ain't the Whiskey ""It Ain't the Whiskey"" is a song co-written by Greg Barnhill, Jim Daddario, and Cole Deggs, and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan. It is the third and final single from his 2013 album ""Set You Free"". The song is a ballad with a ""gnawing guitar solo and steel"" that takes place at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. In it, the male narrator states that his life problems are not caused by substance abuse, but rather by a lost love. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country wrote that ""After two uplifting singles, Gary Allan has

"Ain't Worth the Whiskey"
Ain't Worth the Whiskey ""Ain't Worth the Whiskey"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Cole Swindell. It was released to country radio in November 2014 as the third single from his self-titled debut album. The song was written by Swindell, Josh Martin and Adam Sanders. It garnered mixed reviews from critics. ""Ain't Worth the Whiskey"" peaked at number one on the ""Billboard"" Country Airplay chart, giving Swindell his third number-one country hit overall, making him the first male country artist since Darius Rucker in 2009 to send their first three singles to number one. It

of him portraying a character ""who has lost love"". It Ain't the Whiskey ""It Ain't the Whiskey"" is a song co-written by Greg Barnhill, Jim Daddario, and Cole Deggs, and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan. It is the third and final single from his 2013 album ""Set You Free"". The song is a ballad with a ""gnawing guitar solo and steel"" that takes place at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. In it, the male narrator states that his life problems are not caused by substance abuse, but rather by a lost love. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country

2014. With increasing airplay, the song eventually debuted on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for chart dated January 17, 2015. It peaked at number one on the Country Airplay chart and on the Hot 100 at number 43 on the chart date of April 4, 2015. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA on March, 24, 2015, making it Swindell's third consecutive single to at least reach Gold status. As of June 2015, ""Ain't Worth the Whiskey"" has sold 688,000 copies in the United States. Ain't Worth the Whiskey ""Ain't Worth the Whiskey"" is a song co-written and recorded by

"I Can't Quit"
I Can't Quit ""I Can't Quit"" is a song by the CEDM group Capital Kings featuring Christian rapper Reconcile. It was released in the iTunes Store on July 29, 2016. It is the first song by the group featuring Dylan Housewright as the singer instead of Jon White. The song features pumping house beats and is 128 BPM. Both Cole and Reconcile rap in their respective verses. While Dylan Housewright does some singing, his verse is short. The music video was released on YouTube on July 27, 2016. It was directed by the Edwards Brothers for EVOLVE. EVOLVE released the

music video later on Vimeo, on December 2, 2016. Digital download I Can't Quit ""I Can't Quit"" is a song by the CEDM group Capital Kings featuring Christian rapper Reconcile. It was released in the iTunes Store on July 29, 2016. It is the first song by the group featuring Dylan Housewright as the singer instead of Jon White. The song features pumping house beats and is 128 BPM. Both Cole and Reconcile rap in their respective verses. While Dylan Housewright does some singing, his verse is short. The music video was released on YouTube on July 27, 2016. It

"Whiskey (Jana Kramer song)"
Whiskey (Jana Kramer song) ""Whiskey"" is the title of a song recorded by American actress and country music artist Jana Kramer. The song was initially released April 26, 2011 as a promotional single and was later released to country radio through Elektra Records Nashville on November 5, 2012 as the second single from her self-titled debut album. It was written by Catt Gravitt and Sam Mizell. ""Whiskey"" garnered positive reviews from critics praising the instrumentation and lyrical work for allowing a poignant performance from Kramer. ""Whiskey"" peaked at numbers 25 and 27 on both the ""Billboard"" Country Airplay and Hot

"The Glass Bottle"
The Glass Bottle The Glass Bottle was an American pop band fronted by Gary Criss, whose song about bitterness and heartbreak, ""I Ain't Got Time Anymore"", was recorded in 1970 and reached #36 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in September 1971. The band was co-produced by Dickie Goodman. Goodman had an advertising deal with a PR firm that was trying to save the glass industry from losing soda pop clients to plastic bottles, so Goodman and partner Bill Ramal formed a group, called them ""The Glass Bottle"" and produced their album. The group produced two hits, ""I Ain't Got

"Hebrew calendar"
Nevertheless, since the 1950s usage of the Hebrew calendar has steadily declined, in favor of the Gregorian calendar. At present, Israelis—except for the religiously observant—conduct their private and public life according to the Gregorian calendar, although the Hebrew calendar is still widely acknowledged, appearing in public venues such as banks (where it is legal for use on cheques and other documents, though only rarely do people make use of this option) and on the mastheads of newspapers. The Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is a two-day public holiday in Israel. However, since the 1980s an increasing number of secular Israelis

Hebrew calendar The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (, ) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, ""yahrzeits"" (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar. The present Hebrew calendar is the product of evolution, including a Babylonian

ritual liturgy a phrase like ""Yom Reviʻi bəShabbat"" means ""the fourth day in the week"". The period from 1 Adar (or Adar II, in leap years) to 29 Marcheshvan contains all of the festivals specified in the Bible – Purim (14 Adar), Pesach (15 Nisan), Shavuot (6 Sivan), Rosh Hashanah (1 Tishrei), Yom Kippur (10 Tishrei), Sukkot (15 Tishrei), and Shemini Atzeret (22 Tishrei). This period is fixed, during which no adjustments are made. There are additional rules in the Hebrew calendar to prevent certain holidays from falling on certain days of the week. (See Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, below.)

moon resulting from tidal friction because astronomy was not sufficiently developed in the 12th century (when Maimonides wrote his book) to detect this. 723–730. Hebrew calendar The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (, ) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, ""yahrzeits"" (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the

14 June. Because of the displacements, it actually begins on Saturday, 15 June. Odd months have 30 days and even months 29, so the starting dates are 2, 15 July; 3, 13 August; 4, 12 September; 5, 11 October; 6, 10 November; 7, 9 December, and 8, 8 January. The rules are based on the theory that Maimonides explains in his book ""Rabbinical Astronomy"" – no allowance is made for the secular (centennial) decrease of ½ second in the length of the mean tropical year and the increase of about four yards in the distance between the earth and the

whether each year is an ordinary or leap year by its position in the 19-year Metonic cycle. Years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 are leap years. Secondly, one must determine the number of days between the starting Tishrei ""molad"" (TM1) and the Tishrei ""molad"" of the next year (TM2). For calendar descriptions in general the day begins at 6 p.m., but for the purpose of determining Rosh Hashanah, a ""molad"" occurring on or after noon is treated as belonging to the next day (the first ""deḥiyyah""). All months are calculated as 29d, 12h, 44m, 3s long (MonLen).

about a day every 231 years. Although the molad of Tishrei is the only molad moment that is not ritually announced, it is actually the only one that is relevant to the Hebrew calendar, for it determines the provisional date of Rosh Hashanah, subject to the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules. The other monthly molad moments are announced for mystical reasons. With the moladot on average almost 100 minutes late, this means that the molad of Tishrei lands one day later than it ought to in (100 minutes) ÷ (1440 minutes per day) = 5 of 72 years or nearly 7%

fall on a Sunday. This leaves only four days on which Rosh Hashanah can fall: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, which are referred to as the ""four gates"". Each day is associated with a number (its order in the week, beginning with Sunday as day 1). Numbers in Hebrew have been traditionally denominated by Hebrew letters. Thus the ""keviyah"" uses the letters ה ,ג ,ב and ז (representing 2, 3, 5, and 7, for Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) to denote the starting day of the year. The postponement of the year is compensated for by adding a day to

divided into 12 equal portions, albeit a different amount of time than the ""hours"" of the daytime. The earliest and latest times for Jewish services, the latest time to eat chametz on the day before Passover and many other rules are based on ""Sha'oth Zemaniyoth"". For convenience, the modern day using ""Sha'oth Zemaniyoth"" is often discussed as if sunset were at 6:00 pm, sunrise at 6:00 am and each hour were equal to a fixed hour. For example, ""halachic"" noon may be after 1:00 pm in some areas during daylight saving time. Within the Mishnah, however, the numbering of the

"Jewish Talmudic Calendar"
the previous evening, at the time of sunset, when three mediums sized stars appear. Practically it begins from 6:00 p.m. (18:00) Jerusalem time (16:00 Universal Time). A day is divided into 24 hours, each with 1080 parts (halakim). Thus each minute is composed of 18 halakim; each halakim is 3.33 seconds. There are twelve months in a common year, and thirteen months in a leap year. The New Years Day (Rosh Hashana) is Tishri 1. The months are 30 days and 29 days in turns. A regular common year is 354 days; while a regular leap year is 384 days

"Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers"
of Government is Chief Secretary to the State Government. The current Chief Secretary is Thirumathi Girija Vaithiyanathan IAS According to Article 163 of the Indian Constitution, This means that the Ministers serve under the pleasure of the Governor and he/she may remove them, on the advice of the Chief Minister, whenever they want. According to Article 164 of the Indian Constitution, Like any Indian state, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the real head of the government and responsible for state administration. He is the leader of the parliamentary party in the legislature and heads the state cabinet. The current

Chief Minister is Edappadi K. Palanisamy. Like any state, Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the deputy head of the government and senior minister of cabinet after the Chief Minister and mostly the position was vacant. The current Deputy Chief Minister is Panneerselvam.O As per Indian Constitution, all portfolios of state government is vested in Chief Minister, who distribute various portfolio to individual ministers whom he nominates to the State Governor. The state governor appoints individual ministers for various portfolios and departments as per advice of Chief Minister and together form the State Cabinet. As the original portfolios are

Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers The Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers is the executive wing of Government of Tamil Nadu and headed by State Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palanisamy who is the real head of government and leader of the state cabinet. The current state council of ministers was sworn-in 23 May 2016, after Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016. The term of every executive wing is for 5 years. The council of ministers are assisted by department secretaries attached to each ministry who are from IAS Tamil Nadu cadre. The chief executive officer responsible for issuing orders on behalf

"Government of Tamil Nadu"
Government of Tamil Nadu The Government of Tamil Nadu is the governing authority for the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is seated at Fort St George, Chennai. The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature, like most other states in India. The Governor is the constitutional head of state while the Chief Minister heads the council of ministers. The Chief Justice of the Madras High Court is the ""head of the judiciary"". Presently Banwarilal Purohit is the governor and Edappadi K.Palanisamy is the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Vijaya Kamlesh

"Tamil Nadu"
located in the centre of Chennai city and Vandalur located in South Chennai. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Mukurthi National Park and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are the tiger reserves in the state. The Governor is the constitutional head of the state while the Chief Minister is the head of the government and the head of the council of ministers. The Chief Justice of the Madras High Court is the head of the judiciary. The present Governor, Chief Minister and the Chief Justice are Banwarilal Purohit (governor), Edappadi K. Palaniswami and Vijaya Kamlesh Tahilramani respectively. Administratively the state is divided into 32

"M. Karunanidhi"
M. Karunanidhi Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He was a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Before entering politics he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He has also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. He was popularly referred to as Kalaignar, meaning artist in Tamil. Karunanidhi died on 7

"Edappadi K. Palaniswami"
Edappadi K. Palaniswami Karuppa Gounder Palanisamy (born 12 May 1954) known as Edappadi K. Palaniswami is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, having assumed the office on 16 February 2017. Edappadi K. Palanisamy was born on 12 May 1954 in a village called Siluvampalayam near Salem district. His father's name is Mr.Karuppa Gounder and Mother name is Thavasi Ammal. Palaniswami is married and living with his family in Chennai. His wife name is P. Radha whose profession has also been declared as an agriculturalist in the election nomination paper. He has a son whose name

Jayalalithaa
from the University of Madras in 1991. Jayalalithaa Jayaram Jayalalithaa (born, 24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actor who served five terms as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for over fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 1989 she was the general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their ""Amma"" (mother), ""Puratchi Thalaivi"" (revolutionary leader) and ""Thanga Tharagai"" (golden maiden). Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a personality cult, and of demanding absolute loyalty

is Mithun. Palanniswami has won the assembly election to the state assembly four times, in 1989, 1991, 2011 and 2016 from the Edapadi constituency. In addition, he won the Lok Sabha seat from Tiruchengode constituency in 1998. Edappadi K. Palaniswami Karuppa Gounder Palanisamy (born 12 May 1954) known as Edappadi K. Palaniswami is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, having assumed the office on 16 February 2017. Edappadi K. Palanisamy was born on 12 May 1954 in a village called Siluvampalayam near Salem district. His father's name is Mr.Karuppa Gounder and Mother name is Thavasi

"Banwarilal Purohit"
Banwarilal Purohit Banwarilal Purohit (born 16 April 1939) is an Indian politician. He is the incumbent 20th Governor of Tamil Nadu. Having been appointed as the Governor of Tamil Nadu on 30 September 2017, he assumed office on October 6, 2017. He was appointed as Governor of Assam State by President of India on 17 August 2016. He was a Member of Parliament from the Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency) three times, twice as an Indian National Congress member, once as a BJP member. Later he joined Congress. After Indira Gandhi split Congress Party and formed Congress (Indira), Purohit was elected

"Political action committee"
Political action committee In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is an organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States. This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States. Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance). At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC

that had prohibited corporate and union political independent expenditures in political campaigns. ""Citizens United"" made it legal for corporations and unions to spend from their general treasuries to finance independent expenditures related to campaigns, but did not alter the prohibition on direct corporate or union contributions to federal campaigns. Organizations seeking to contribute directly to federal candidate campaigns must still rely on traditional PACs for that purpose. The first PAC was the CIO-PAC, formed in July 1943 under CIO president Philip Murray and headed by Sidney Hillman. Federal law formally allows for two types of PACs: connected and non-connected. Judicial

decisions added a third classification, independent-expenditure only committees, which are colloquially known as ""Super PACs"". Most of the 4,600 active, registered PACs are ""connected PACs"" established by businesses, labor unions, trade groups, or health organizations. These PACs receive and raise money from a ""restricted class"", generally consisting of managers and shareholders in the case of a corporation and members in the case of a union or other interest group. As of January 2009, there were 1,598 registered corporate PACs, 272 related to labor unions and 995 to trade organizations. Groups with an ideological mission, single-issue groups, and members of Congress

"Political party committee"
Political party committee In the United States, a political party committee is an organization, officially affiliated with a political party and registered with the Federal Elections Commission (FEC), which raises and spends money for political campaigning. Political party committees are distinct from political action committees, which are formally independent of political parties and subject to different rules. Though their own internal rules differ, the two major political parties (Democrats and Republicans) have essentially parallel sets of committees. (Third parties have varied organizational structures, although several do have national committees officially recognized by the FEC.) The Democratic National Committee, Reform Party

campaign for the election of party members to the state legislatures. These are federated under such national organizations as the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee (formed in 1994) and Republican Legislative Campaign Committee (formed in 2002). Political party committee In the United States, a political party committee is an organization, officially affiliated with a political party and registered with the Federal Elections Commission (FEC), which raises and spends money for political campaigning. Political party committees are distinct from political action committees, which are formally independent of political parties and subject to different rules. Though their own internal rules differ, the two

when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, and registers with the Federal Election Commission, according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain-Feingold Act). At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws. Federal multi-candidate PACs may contribute to candidates as follows: In its 2010 case ""Citizens United v. FEC"", the Supreme Court of the United States overturned sections of the Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain-Feingold Act)

have an easier time attracting contributions, Leadership PACs are a way dominant parties can capture seats from other parties. A leadership PAC sponsored by an elected official cannot use funds to support that official's own campaign. However, it may fund travel, administrative expenses, consultants, polling, and other non-campaign expenses. Between 2008 and 2009, leadership PACs raised and spent more than $47 million. Super PACs, officially known as ""independent-expenditure only committees"", may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending independently of the campaigns. Unlike traditional PACs, they can raise funds from individuals, corporations,

and other political leaders may form ""non-connected PACs"". These organizations may accept funds from any individual, connected PAC, or organization. As of January 2009, there were 1,594 non-connected PACs, the fastest-growing category. Elected officials and political parties cannot give more than the federal limit directly to candidates. However, they can set up a Leadership PAC that makes independent expenditures. Provided the expenditure is not coordinated with the other candidate, this type of spending is not limited. Under the FEC (Federal Election Commission) rules, leadership PACs are non-connected PACs, and can accept donations from individuals and other PACs. Since current officeholders

National Committee, Green National Committee, Libertarian National Committee, and Republican National Committee are the official central organizations for their respective parties. They have the greatest role in presidential election years when they are responsible for planning the nominating convention and also spend heavily in support of their party's nominee (some of this spending is directly coordinated with the nominee's campaign; the rest is in independent expenditures). The two major parties also have two national Hill committees, controlled by their caucus leadership in each house of Congress, which work specifically to elect members of their own party to Congress. The individual

finance experts have argued that this tactic is already illegal, since it would constitute a contribution in the name of another. The Center for Responsive Politics maintains a list of the largest PACs by election cycle on its website OpenSecrets.org. Their list can be filtered by receipts or different types of expenses, political party, and type of PAC. In the 2008 election, the top nine PACs spent a total of $25,794,807 (directly, and via their affiliates and subsidiaries) as follows: Political action committee In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is an organization that pools campaign

Instagram
it had 5 million users, which increased to 10 million in September. This growth continued to 30 million users in April 2012, 80 million in July 2012, 100 million in February 2013, 130 million in June 2013, 150 million in September 2013, 300 million in December 2014, 400 million in September 2015, 500 million in June 2016, 600 million in December 2016, 700 million in April 2017, and 800 million in September 2017. In October 2016, Instagram Stories reached 100 million active users, two months after launch. This increased to 150 million in January 2017, 200 million in April, surpassing

Instagram
payment credentials, as well as if they want to prepopulate some of the information like their street address, the phone number, and the website"". The Instagram Insights panel, which lets businesses see their top posts, reach, impressions and engagement surrounding their posts as well as user demographics, was rolled out first to the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, with the rest of the world ""by the end of the year"". In February 2016, Instagram announced that it had 200,000 advertisers on the platform. This increased to 500,000 active advertisers in September 2016, and one million in March 2017. Instagram

Instagram
the most active on Instagram with 23%. Following behind, college graduates consist of 18% and users with a high school diploma or less make up 15%. Among these Instagram users, 24% say they use the app several times a day. Ongoing research continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples' faces receive more 'likes' and comments and that using filters that increase warmth, exposure, and contrast also boosts engagement. Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and also are

Twitter
hours and 22 minutes in April 2014. This record was later broken by Caitlyn Jenner, who joined the site on June 1, 2015 and amassed a million followers in just 4 hours and 3 minutes. The most tweeted moment in the history of Twitter occurred on August 2, 2013; during a Japanese television airing of the Studio Ghibli film ""Castle in the Sky"", fans simultaneously tweeted the word —the incantation for a destruction spell used during its climax, after it was uttered in the film. There was a global peak of 143,199 tweets in one second, beating the previous record

Twitter
than 24 hours later, it had been retweeted over 2.8 million times. , it has been retweeted over 3.4 million times. The group selfie effort was parodied by Lego, and Matt Groening with ""The Simpsons"". It beat the previous record, 778,801, which was held by Barack Obama, following his victory in the 2012 presidential election. On May 9, 2017, Ellen's record was broken by Carter Wilkerson (@carterjwm) by collecting nearly 3.5 million retweets in a little over a month. According to ""Guinness World Records"", the fastest pace to a million followers was set by actor Robert Downey Jr. in 23

Facebook
July 2010 announcement, half of the site's membership used Facebook daily, for an average of 34 minutes, while 150 million users accessed the site by mobile. A company representative called the milestone a ""quiet revolution."" Mark Zuckerberg announced to the media at the start of October 2012 that Facebook had passed the monthly active users mark of one billion. The company's data also revealed 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads, and 140 billion friend connections. This continued to grow, reaching 1.19 billion monthly active users in October 2013, 1.44 billion users in April 2015, of which 1.25 billion

Instagram
7% of daily photo uploads, among the top four photo-sharing platforms, come from Instagram. Instagram has been proven to attract the younger generation with 90% of the 150 million users under the age of 35. From June 2012 to June 2013, Instagram approximately doubled their number of users. As regards income, 15% of US Internet users who make less than $30,000 per year use Instagram, while 14% of those making $30,000 to $50,000, and 12% of users who make more than $50,000 per year do so. With respect to the education demographic, respondents with some college education proved to be

Instagram
videos to a sequential feed, with each post accessible by others for 24 hours each. After its launch in 2010, Instagram rapidly gained popularity, with one million registered users in two months, 10 million in a year, and 800 million . In April 2012, Facebook acquired the service for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. , over 40 billion photos had been uploaded to the service. Although praised for its influence, Instagram has been the subject of criticism, most notably for policy and interface changes, allegations of censorship, and illegal or improper content uploaded by users. Instagram began development

Instagram
song, and over 1,200 different photographs were submitted. Instagram was listed among ""Time""s ""50 Best Android Applications for 2013"" list. Instagram's users are divided equally with 50% iPhone owners and 50% Android owners. While Instagram has a neutral gender-bias format, 68% of Instagram users are female while 32% are male. Instagram's geographical use is shown to favor urban areas as 17% of US adults who live in urban areas use Instagram while only 11% of adults in suburban and rural areas do so. While Instagram may appear to be one of the most widely used sites for photo sharing, only

Twitter
with about 29% of users checking Twitter multiple times a day. In 2012, the country with the most active users on Twitter was the United States. A 2016 Pew research poll found that Twitter is used by 24% of all online US adults. It was equally popular with men and women (24% and 25% of online Americans respectively), but more popular with younger (36% of 18-29 year olds) generations. For the fiscal year 2017, Twitter reported losses of US$108 million, with an annual revenue of $2.443 billion, a decrease of 3.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. Twitter's shares traded at

"Politics of El Salvador"
Politics of El Salvador Politics of El Salvador takes place in land a framework of A presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of El Salvador is both head of state and head of government, and of an Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Legislative Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated El Salvador as ""flawed democracy"" in 2016. El Salvador has a multi-party system. Two political parties, the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation

is not achieved by any candidate in the first round of a presidential election, then a run-off pool election is conducted 30 days later between the two candidates who obtained the most votes in the first round. The presidential period is five years. Consecutive re-election is not permitted, though previously elected presidents may run for a second, non-consecutive term. Salvadorans also elect a single-chamber, unicameral national legislature – the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador – of 84 members (deputies) elected by closed-list proportional representation for three-year terms, with the possibility of immediate re-election. Twenty of the 84 seats in the

"El Salvador"
the Legislative Assembly. The country also has an independent Judiciary and Supreme Court. El Salvador has a multi-party system. Two political parties, the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009. The FMLN Party is Leftist in ideology, and is split between the dominant Marxist-Leninist faction in the legislature, and the social liberal wing led by President Funes. Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions,

It is estimated that there are 500 species of birds, 1,000 species of butterflies, 400 species of orchids, 800 species of trees, and 800 species of marine fish in El Salvador. The 1983 Constitution is the highest legal authority in the country. El Salvador has a democratic and representative government, whose three bodies are: After the Civil War, the Chapultepec Peace Accords (1992) created the new National Civil Police, the Attorney for the Defense of Human Rights and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The Peace Accords re-imagined the ""Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional"" (FMLN) as a political party and

Front (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009. Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions, known as departamentos rojos, or red departments, are relatively Leftist. The departamentos azules, or blue departments in the east, western and highland regions are relatively conservative. El Salvador elects its head of state – the President of El Salvador – directly through a fixed-date general election whose winner is decided by absolute majority. If an absolute majority (50% + 1)

redefined the role of the army to be for the defense of the sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Accords also removed some security forces who were in command of the army, such as the National Guard, Treasury Police and special battalions that were formed to fight against the insurgency of the 1980s. The political framework of El Salvador is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multiform, multi-party system. The President, currently Salvador Sánchez Cerén, is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and

Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of a single national constituency. The remaining 64 are elected in 14 multi-member constituencies (corresponding to El Salvador's 14 departments). They range from 3-16 seats each according to department population size. The Judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, is composed of 15 judges, one of them being elected as President of the Judiciary. El Salvador is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies, the Organization of American States (OAS), the Central American Common Market (CACM), the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN), and the Central American Integration System (SICA). It

Salvadoran oligarchy, nominally both conservative and liberal, generally agreed on the promotion of coffee as the predominant cash crop, the development of infrastructure (railroads and port facilities) primarily in support of the coffee trade, the elimination of communal landholdings to facilitate further coffee production, the passage of anti-vagrancy laws to ensure that displaced campesinos and other rural residents provided sufficient labor for the coffee fincas (plantations), and the suppression of rural discontent. In 1912, the national guard was created as a rural police force. In 1898, Gen. Tomas Regalado gained power by force, deposing Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez and ruling as

"History of El Salvador"
feudal lords (in 1855, 1864, 1871, 1872, 1880, 1883, and 1886), several elements remained constant throughout. The wealthy landowners were granted super-majority power in the national legislature and economy (for example, the 1824 constitution provided for a unicameral legislature of 70 deputies, in which 42 seats were set aside for the landowners). The president, selected from the landed elite, was also granted significant power throughout. Each of El Salvador's 14 regional departments had a governor appointed by the president. The rapid changes in the constitution are mainly due to the attempts of various presidents to hold onto power. (For example,

"Government of El Salvador"
Government of El Salvador The government of El Salvador is a presidential representative democratic republic. The seat of the federal government is in San Salvador. El Salvador elects its head of state – the President of El Salvador – directly through a fixed-date general election whose winner is decided by absolute majority. If an absolute majority (50% + 1) is not achieved by any candidate in the first round of a presidential election, then a run-off election is conducted 30 days later between the two candidates who obtained the most votes in the first round. The presidential period is five

"Simple squamous epithelium"
Simple squamous epithelium A simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nuclei. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion. This tissue

is extremely thin, and forms a delicate lining. It offers very little protection. Simple squamous epithelium A simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nuclei. It is also called pavement epithelium due to

"Stratified squamous epithelium"
Stratified squamous epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural integrity. Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous, many cells within the layers may not be flattened; this is due to the convention of naming epithelia according to the cell type at the surface. In the deeper layers, the cells may be columnar or cuboidal. There are no intercellular spaces. This type of epithelium is well suited to areas

"Simple columnar epithelium"
Simple columnar epithelium A simple columnar epithelium is a columnar epithelium that is uni-layered. In humans, a simple columnar epithelium lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Simple columnar epithelia line the uterus. Simple columnar epithelium is further divided into two categories: ciliated and non-ciliated. Non-ciliated types are found in the digestive tract. Ciliated types are found within bronchioles of the respiratory tract and in the oviduct of the female reproductive tract. ""Ciliated columnar epithelium"" moves mucus and other substances via cilia and is found in the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian

"Simple cuboidal epithelium"
Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells. These cuboidal cells have large, spherical and central nuclei. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid. On these surfaces, the cells perform secretion and absorption. Simple cuboidal cells are also found in kidney tubules, glandular ducts, ovaries, and the thyroid gland. Simple cuboidal cells are found in single rows with their spherical nuclei in the center of the cells

Epithelium
therefore described as pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium. Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells with every cell in direct contact with the basement membrane that separates it from the underlying connective tissue. In general, it is found where absorption and filtration occur. The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates these processes. In general, simple epithelial tissues are classified by the shape of their cells. The four major classes of simple epithelium are: (1) simple squamous; (2) simple cuboidal; (3) simple

"Respiratory epithelium"
To prevent the destruction of the respiratory epithelium in these areas, it changes to stratified squamous epithelium, which is better suited to the constant sloughing and abrasion. The squamous layer of the oropharynx is continuous with the esophagus. Respiratory epithelium Respiratory epithelium is a type of ciliated epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. It is not present in the larynx and pharynx. It also functions as a barrier to potential pathogens and foreign particles, preventing infection and tissue injury by the action of mucociliary clearance. The respiratory epithelium lining

Epididymis
mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells. The major cell types in the epithelium are: The stereocilia of the epididymis are long cytoplasmic projections that have no motility and which aid in absorption. These numerous apical modifications are often referred to as ""stereocilia"", as under the light microscope they look like cilia or the stereocilia of the inner ear. However, as electron microscopy has revealed them to be structurally and functionally more similar to the long, absorptive microvilli

varying thickness, depending on the age of the epithelium and the damage it has experienced. Keratinized surfaces are protected from abrasion by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from dehydration by glycolipids produced in the stratum granulosum. Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include epidermis of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and the masticatory mucosa. Skin is also covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Stratified squamous epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other

in the body subject to constant abrasion, as the thickest layers can be sequentially sloughed off and replaced before the basement membrane is exposed. It forms the outermost layer of the skin and the inner lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina. Non-keratinized surfaces must be kept moist by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out. Examples of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include corneal epithelium, lining mucosa of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, ectocervix, vagina, foreskin, and the internal portion of the lips. Even non-keratinized surfaces, consisting as they do of keratinocytes, have a minor superficial keratinized layer of

"Ram Nath Kovind"
Ram Nath Kovind Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician currently serving as the 14th President of India, in office since 25 July 2017. Previously he had served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election. Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practiced in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court until 1993. Kovind was born on 1 October

"President of India"
of the constitution. This amount was increased to in 1998. On 11 September 2008, the Government of India increased the salary of the president to . This amount was further increased to in the 2018 Union budget of India. However, almost everything that the president does or wants to do is taken care of by an annual budget that the Government allots for his or her upkeep. Rashtrapati Bhavan, the president's official residence, is the largest presidential palace in the world. The Rashtrapati Nilayam at Bolarum, Hyderabad and Retreat Building at Chharabra, Shimla are the official Retreat Residences of the

reservation for religious and linguistic minorities in government jobs. Although more recently, the issue was raised in the media if whether or not he was misquoted and that he in fact said “Islam and Christianity are alien to the notion (of caste)” as opposed to what was reported as ""nation"". Ram Nath Kovind Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician currently serving as the 14th President of India, in office since 25 July 2017. Previously he had served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from

the Union government for the president's role. As clarified by the supreme court in the case ""Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs Union Of India & Anr"" on 24 January 2006; though the president cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during his term of office, he can be prosecuted after he/she steps down from the post for the guilty committed during the term of presidency as declared earlier by the courts. No president has resigned on impropriety to continue in office for declaring and nullifying his unconstitutional decisions by the courts till now. No criminal case at least on the grounds of

when vacancies occur in the offices of the president and of the vice-president simultaneously, owing to removal, death, resignation of the incumbent or otherwise. In such an eventuality, the chief justice—or in his absence, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court of India available—discharges the functions of the president until a newly elected President enters upon his office or a newly elected Vice-president begins to act as President under Article 65 of the constitution, whichever is the earlier. For example, in 1969, when President Zakir Husain died in Office, Vice-President V. V. Giri served as the acting President of

"Venkaiah Naidu"
Venkaiah Naidu Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (born 1 July 1947) is an Indian politician and the current Vice President of India, in office since 11 August 2017. Previously, he served as the Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Urban Development and Information and Broadcasting in the Modi Cabinet. A prominent leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, he also served as its national president from 2002 to 2004. Earlier, he was the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. He took the oath as Vice-President of India on 11 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu was born on

India
support of other parties. The incumbent Indian prime minister is Narendra Modi, a former chief minister of Gujarat. On 20 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind was elected India's 14th president and took the oath of office on 25 July 2017. India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which ""majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law"". Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the union, or central, government and the states. The government

chiefly ceremonial. The president may also send and receive diplomats, i.e. the officers from the Indian Foreign Service. The president is the first citizen of the country. The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the President's name. As mentioned in of the Indian constitution, the president is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations: The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by

"Pranab Mukherjee"
Pranab Mukherjee Pranab Kumar Mukherjee (born 11 December 1932) is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017. In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. Prior to his election as President, Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. Mukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament of India, on a Congress

"Foreign policy of the United States"
ratified by two-thirds of the Senate. The President is also Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces, and as such has broad authority over the armed forces. Both the Secretary of State and ambassadors are appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The United States Secretary of State acts similarly to a foreign minister and under Executive leadership is the primary conductor of state-to-state diplomacy. Congress is the only branch of government that has the authority to declare war. Furthermore, Congress writes the civilian and military budget, thus has vast power in military

United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: ""export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; measures to foster commercial interaction with foreign nations and to safeguard American business abroad; international commodity agreements; international education; and protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation."" U.S. foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate, praise and criticism, both domestically and abroad. Subject to the advice and consent role of the U.S. Senate, the President of the United States negotiates treaties with foreign nations, but treaties enter into force only if

"Powers of the President of the United States"
This power is most commonly used to delay federal sentences of execution. Pardons can be controversial when they appear to be politically motivated. President George W. Bush commuted the sentence of White House staffer Lewis ""Scooter"" Libby. Under the Constitution, the president is the federal official that is primarily responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations. The president appoints ambassadors, ministers, and consuls (subject to confirmation by the Senate) and receives foreign ambassadors and other public officials. With the Secretary of State, the president manages all official contacts with foreign governments. On occasion, the president may

"United States Department of State"
the Secretary of State, is the President's principal foreign policy advisor. The Department advances U.S. objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to U.S. citizens and to foreigners seeking to visit or immigrate to the United States. All foreign affairs activities—U.S. representation abroad, foreign assistance programs, countering international crime, foreign military training programs, the services the Department provides, and more—are paid for by the foreign affairs budget, which represents little more than 1% of the total federal budget. As stated by

"Vice President of the United States"
President George W. Bush's closest confidants. Al Gore was an important adviser to President Bill Clinton on matters of foreign policy and the environment. Under the American system of government the president is both head of state and head of government, and the ceremonial duties of the former position are often delegated to the vice president. The vice president will on occasion represent the president and the U.S. government at state funerals abroad, or at various events in the United States. This often is the most visible role of the vice president. The vice president may also meet with other

"Foreign minister"
Foreign minister A foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly ""for foreign affairs"") is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. In some nations, such as India, the Foreign Minister is referred to as the Minister for External Affairs; or, as in the case of Brazil, Minister of Foreign Affairs; or, still others, such as states created from the former Soviet Union, call the position the Minister of External Relations. In the United States, the equivalent to the foreign ministry is called the Department of State, and the equivalent position is known

"Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration"
of ExxonMobil. Tillerson did not have previous government or diplomatic experience, but due to ExxonMobil's international activities he had experience with and contacts in many other countries, particularly Russia. The State Department normally has two deputy secretaries of state and six undersecretaries; as of March 2017 no nominations had been submitted for any of those senior positions. In many cases Trump has given important foreign policy assignments to advisors within the White House, particularly chief political strategist Steve Bannon and senior advisor Jared Kushner. Trump has made important decisions, such as a proposed travel ban from certain countries and a

"United States Ambassador to the United Nations"
United States on the U.N. Security Council and during almost all plenary meetings of the General Assembly, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer of the United States (such as the U.S. Secretary of State or the President of the United States) is present. Like all United States ambassadors, he or she must be nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate. Many prominent U.S. politicians and diplomats have held the post, including Adlai Stevenson II, George H. W. Bush, Jeane Kirkpatrick, and Madeleine Albright. The Ambassador serves at the pleasure of the President,

personally participate in summit conferences where heads of state meet for direct consultation. For example, President Wilson led the American delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 after World War I; President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Allied leaders during World War II; and every president sits down with world leaders to discuss economic and political issues and to reach agreements. Through the Department of State and the Department of Defense, the president is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. The president decides whether to recognize new nations and new

"Director General of the Foreign Service"
to the Senior Foreign Service. Director General of the Foreign Service The Director General of the Foreign Service is the designated manager of the United States Foreign Service. The Director General is a current or former Foreign Service Officer, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. Since November 23, 1975, under a Departmental administrative action, the Director General has concurrently held the title of Director of the Bureau of Human Resources. As the head of the human resources bureau, the Director General holds a rank equivalent to an Assistant Secretary of State and

"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry"
Bowl in history, as snow plows were used to clear the Tulane Stadium field prior to the game. 1969: In what is often erroneously referred to as the first prime time regular season football game in history, #20 Ole Miss traveled to Legion Field in Birmingham to face #15 Alabama. A dazzling offensive shootout ensues, highlighted by the play of Ole Miss quarterback Archie Manning. Despite a 540-yard, 5 touchdown effort from Manning, Alabama emerged victorious 33–32 after a last minute touchdown pass by quarterback Scott Hunter. The game has been referred to as among the greatest in college football

Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry The Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Alabama Crimson Tide and Ole Miss Rebels. They are charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and both have competed in the SEC West since 1992. Alabama has dominated the series and leads 54–10–2. 1964 Sugar Bowl: In the only meeting in series history played outside of Alabama or Mississippi, #8 Alabama upset #7 Ole Miss 12–7 behind four field goals by kicker Tim Davis. This Sugar Bowl, played at the end of the 1963 season, is notable for being the coldest Sugar

"Arkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry"
the annual series between the two schools was played the next year in Jackson and then canceled until the two teams renewed the series in 1981. Ole Miss 17 – Arkansas 13 The January 1, 1963 Sugar Bowl in New Orleans was played between the two teams as an end to the 1962 regular season. It was both the Razorbacks' and Rebels' fourth bowl in four seasons, and was the second straight Sugar Bowl for Arkansas. After each team kicked field goals, Ole Miss scored the first touchdown, a 33-yard strike from Glynn Griffing to Louis Guy gave the Rebels

history. 1988: Ole Miss stunned #12 Alabama 22–12 in Tuscaloosa, the Rebels' first-ever road victory in the series. This game is known as ""The Brick Bowl"", due to a claim made by then-Alabama head coach Bill Curry that a brick was thrown through his office's window following the loss. 1989: Following Ole Miss' upset victory the year before, the Rebels hopped out to a 21–0 lead over #13 Alabama in Jackson, MS. The Crimson Tide then scored 62 unanswered points en route to a 62–27 victory. The 21-point comeback still stands as the largest in Alabama football history. 1998: This

Little Rock, Arkansas, on their way to a final record of 10–0–1 for the 1960 season and the second of their three claimed national championships. Sometimes called the Tommy Bell game by Arkansas fans, he called a timeout in an attempt to quiet Razorback fans. Rebel Allen Green did not hear the whistle and kicked the ball through the uprights. After the timeout, fans swear Bell signaled that the kick was good as soon as Green connected with the ball. Fans also swear that the kick was no good. Fighting broke out all around the stadium and because of this,

"Ole Miss riot of 1962"
Ole Miss riot of 1962 The Ole Miss riot of 1962, or Battle of Oxford, was fought between Southern segregationists and federal and state forces beginning the night of September 30, 1962. Segregationists were protesting the enrollment of James Meredith, a black US military veteran, at the University of Mississippi (known affectionately as Ole Miss) at Oxford, Mississippi. Two civilians, one a French journalist, were killed during the night, and over 300 people were injured, including one third of the US Marshals deployed. In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled in ""Brown v. Board of Education"" that segregation in

"1964 Sugar Bowl"
1964 Sugar Bowl The 1964 Sugar Bowl, part of the 1963 bowl game season, was the 30th annual contest and took place on January 1, 1964, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. The competing teams were the Ole Miss Rebels and the Alabama Crimson Tide, both representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), although the two teams did not play each other in the regular season. The matchup was the first between the flagship universities of these neighboring states in almost twenty years, and only the second in over thirty years. In a defensive struggle, Alabama defeated the Rebels without scoring

Arkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry The Arkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Arkansas Razorbacks football team of the University of Arkansas and the Ole Miss Rebels football team of the University of Mississippi. The teams first met in 1908, and have played each other every year since 1981. Arkansas leads the series, which includes two wins by Ole Miss in postseason bowl games, the 1963 and 1970 Sugar Bowls. The rivalry between Arkansas and Ole Miss developed partially due to geography. Besides being neighboring states in the southeastern United States, from the University of Arkansas'

"1968 Liberty Bowl"
1968 Liberty Bowl The 1968 Liberty Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Ole Miss Rebels from the University of Mississippi at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee on December 14, 1968. The game was the final contest of the 1968 college football season for both teams, and ended in a 34-17 victory for Mississippi. Two years after a previous trip to the Liberty Bowl, Virginia Tech was again asked to travel to Memphis to play in a post-season bowl game. This time, the opponent was Mississippi, which had amassed a

was the first overtime game in series history, with Alabama emerging victorious 20–17. It was the first overtime win in Alabama football history, as well as the first overtime loss in Ole Miss football history. 2006: In 2006, Alabama beat the Rebels in an overtime thriller. In overtime, Ole Miss made a 37-yard field goal, but Alabama scored a touchdown on a pass to Le'Ron McClain to win the game 26–23. 2007: Alabama beat Ole Miss in Oxford by scoring 10 unanswered points to win the game 27–24, amidst controversial rulings from the officials. It was Alabama's fifth consecutive victory

"Hey Arnold!"
the story. The film premiered on November 24, 2017 on Nickelodeon. ""Hey Arnold!"" stars nine-year-old Arnold (voiced by Toran Caudell; Phillip Van Dyke; Spencer Klein; Alex D. Linz and Mason Vale Cotton) and his neighborhood friends: Gerald (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith and Benjamin Flores Jr.), a street-smart character who generally serves as the leader of the group, and Helga (Francesca Marie Smith), a girl who bullies Arnold in order to hide the fact that she is in love with him. Bartlett drew inspiration from people he grew up with when creating the characters for the show. Arnold lives with

his eccentric but loving paternal grandparents, Phil (Dan Castellaneta) and Gertrude (Tress MacNeille), proprietors of the Sunset Arms boarding house, in the fictional city of Hillwood. In each episode, he often helps a schoolmate or boarding home tenant solve a personal problem, or encounters a predicament of his own. Many episodes involve urban legends usually told by Gerald, such as superheroes or headless horsemen. Other characters include students and faculty at P.S. 118, Arnold's school, and citizens of Hillwood. Certain episodes focus on the lives of supporting characters, such as the tenants of the boarding house that Arnold's grandparents own.

Hey Arnold! Hey Arnold! is an American animated television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996 to June 8, 2004. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city boarding house. Episodes center on his experiences navigating big city life while dealing with the problems he and his friends encounter. Bartlett's idea for the show is based on a minor character named Arnold whom he created while working on ""Pee-wee's Playhouse"". The executives enjoyed the character, and Bartlett completed the cast by drawing inspiration from people

and rundown buildings, all seen from a child's point of view"". Animator Craig Bartlett graduated from Anacortes High School and obtained a degree in communications from The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington. During high school and college, he studied painting and sculpture at the Museum Art School in Portland, and his first job after college was at Will Vinton Productions, a claymation studio. Originally, Bartlett intended to become a painter ""in the 19th-century sense"", but he became interested in animation during a trip to Italy. In 1987, while working on ""Pee-wee's Playhouse"", he created claymation cutaways about a character

most popular character on ""South Park"". Parker and Stone state that he is their favorite character, and the one with whom they most identify. ""South Park"" has received both praise and criticism for Cartman's politically incorrect behavior. Prominent publications and television channels have included Cartman on their lists as one of the most iconic television and cartoon characters of all time. Eric Cartman attends South Park Elementary as part of Mr. Garrison's class. During the show's first 58 episodes, Cartman and the other main characters are in the third grade, after which they move on to the fourth grade. He

"Tony O'Dell"
Tony O'Dell Tony O’Dell (born January 30, 1960) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his role as preppy Alan Pinkard on the ABC sitcom ""Head of the Class"" (1986–91), and as ""Ferdy"" in ""Chopping Mall"". O'Dell was born Anthony Dell'Aquila in Pasadena, California. He graduated from St. Francis High School. His first television appearance was a 1978 episode of the NBC television series ""CHiPs"", titled ""Trick or Treat."" His first co-starring role was in 1985 on the short lived CBS science fiction series ""Otherworld"", as Trace Sterling. He also played the role of the Cobra Kai member Jimmy,

in the film ""The Karate Kid"". O'Dell's next role was of high school student Alan Pinkard on the ABC sitcom ""Head of the Class"" (1986–91). Now an acting and dialog coach, O'Dell has appeared on such television programs as ""Suddenly Susan"", ""The George Lopez Show"", and ""K.C. Undercover"". Tony O'Dell Tony O’Dell (born January 30, 1960) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his role as preppy Alan Pinkard on the ABC sitcom ""Head of the Class"" (1986–91), and as ""Ferdy"" in ""Chopping Mall"". O'Dell was born Anthony Dell'Aquila in Pasadena, California. He graduated from St. Francis High School.

"Harry ""Scud"" East"
Harry ""Scud"" East Harry ""Scud"" East is a fictional character in the book ""Tom Brown's School Days"". He is perhaps the closest friend of Tom Brown. His nickname is Scud because he is so quick on his feet. In the book he is referred to as East. In the ITV adaption of ""Tom Brown's Schooldays"" starring Stephen Fry as Dr. Arnold and Alex Pettyfer as Tom Brown, Harry Michell portrays East. In the 1861 novel ""Tom Brown at Oxford"" – a direct sequel to ""Tom Brown's School Days"" – East has joined the Army and serves with the (fictional) 101st

"Ace Frehley"
in the Bedford Park section of the Bronx, Frehley graduated from Grace Lutheran School at age 13. However, he was thrown out of two high schools and dropped out of the third. Two of the high schools he attended were DeWitt Clinton High School on Mosholu Parkway and Theodore Roosevelt High School on Fordham Road. He got the nickname ""Ace"" in high school from friends who said he was ""a real ace"" for his ability to get dates. Also in his high school years, a guidance counselor encouraged him to get into graphic arts. His family did not have much

"Edgar S. Gorrell"
June 12, 1912, finishing 32nd in general merit among his 95 classmates. Small in stature, slight, and boyish-looking, he was nicknamed ""Nap"" (derivative of ""Napoleon"") by his classmates in recognition of his military bearing. Gorrell pushed himself in athletics, going out for the football, track and field, and wrestling teams before settling in as an upperclassman on the broadsword squad, which he also managed for three years. As a ""firstie"" he won the individual broadsword championship. One of the most formative events in Gorrell's life occurred near the end of his ""yearling"" year. At about ten o'clock on the morning

"Nil Darpan"
sensing its importance, mentioned Nil Durpan in conversation with the Lieutenant Governor, Grant.Grant expressed a wish to see a translation of it and print a few copies to be circulated privately amongst friends. After the discussion, Seton-Karr asked Long to arrange for a translation of the play in English. Michael Madhusudan Dutta translated it under the supervision of Long. Long as the editor cut out some coarse passages and wrote a short prefatory note for the play. When the translation was complete, Seton-Karr ordered printing of five hundred copies in lieu of Grant's wish of a few copies. Then Long

"David Rubin (author)"
""Toronto Review"", ""Prism"", ""Best American Short Stories"". David Rubin (author) David George Rubin (March 27, 1924 - February 2, 2008) was an American novelist and translator. He is most well known for his translations of the Indian novelist and essayist Munshi Premchand and the Indian poet and novelist Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'. Serving in World War II as a cryptographer, Rubin returned to America to begin a life in academia. He spent a large portion of his career at Sarah Lawrence College. Besides his translation work, he was an accomplished novelist himself. His first novel, ""The Greater Darkness"", published in 1963,

"Arshia Sattar"
Arshia Sattar Arshia Sattar (born 1960) is an Indian translator, facilitator, author, and director. Arshia Sattar obtained her PhD in South Asian Languages and Civilizations from the University of Chicago in 1990. Her doctoral advisor was Wendy Doniger, a renowned Indologist. Her abridged translations of the epic Sanskrit texts, ""Kathasaritsagara"" and Valmiki's ""Ramayana"" have both been published by Penguin Books. Her book reviews and articles appear regularly in ""The Times of India,"" ""The Illustrated Weekly of India"" and the ""Indian Review of Books."" She has also worked with documentary film and theatre. Most recently, she taught Indian Studies at the

as the writing medium. The characters in the drama are the villagers and the indigo planters who got the money and the law in their hand. The legacy of black humor in the play is well shared by contemporary dramatists like Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Girish Chandra Ghosh and Ardhendu Sekhar Mustafi. It was also important in development of the ""Chalit Bhasa"", or colloquial dialect, which is free of the Sanskrit influenced Sadhu bhasa. The proceedings of the trial of Reverend Mr. James Long first appeared in the second Edition (India) of the English version of the play, Nil Durpan (transcribed

sent the translated manuscripts to Clement Henry Manuel, the proprietor of the Calcutta Printing and Publishing Press to print five hundred copies and the cost came to around Rs.300. It was published in April or May 1861. Unknown to the Lieutenant Governor, Long began sending out the copies in official Government envelopes that had the heading: ""on her Majesty's Service"". The translation revealed the nature of the oppression against the indigo planters. It naturally offended the establishment of the play so much that a razing propaganda was started by the Anglo-Indian Press against the publisher and the translator. One of

David Rubin (author) David George Rubin (March 27, 1924 - February 2, 2008) was an American novelist and translator. He is most well known for his translations of the Indian novelist and essayist Munshi Premchand and the Indian poet and novelist Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'. Serving in World War II as a cryptographer, Rubin returned to America to begin a life in academia. He spent a large portion of his career at Sarah Lawrence College. Besides his translation work, he was an accomplished novelist himself. His first novel, ""The Greater Darkness"", published in 1963, won the British Authors’ Club award for

"Neelabh Ashk"
Neelabh Ashk Neelabh Ashk (16 August 1945 – 23 July 2016) was an Indian Hindi language poet, journalist, and translator. He published various poetry collections. He is best known for translating the works of notable authors like Arundhati Roy, Salman Rushdie, William Shakespeare, Bertolt Brecht, and Mikhail Lermontov. Neelabh was born in Mumbai on 16 August 1945. His father was Hindi writer Upendranath Ashk. He completed his master's degree from Allahabad University. In 1980, he started working with BBC London's foreign broadcasting department of Hindi as a producer for four years. His published 24 poems on his experiences in London

"Lakshmi Holmström"
Lakshmi Holmström Lakshmi Holmström MBE (1 June 1935 – 6 May 2016) was an Indian-British writer, literary critic, and translator of Tamil fiction into English. Her most prominent works were her translations of short stories and novels of the contemporary writers in Tamil, such as Mauni, Pudhumaipithan, Ashoka Mitran, Sundara Ramasami, C. S. Lakshmi, Bama, and Imayam. She obtained her undergraduate degree in English Literature from the University of Madras and her postgraduate degree from University of Oxford. Her postgraduate work was on the works of R. K. Narayan. She was the founder-trustee of SALIDAA (South Asian Diaspora Literature and

as Neel Darpan or Nil Darpan). It included all the relevant documents and comments of the Indian and British Newspapers. It was published in 1903 by Messers A. N. ANDINI and Co., Calcutta. Mr. Kumud Bihari Bose compiled it under the title: ""The Trial of the Rev. James Long and the Drama of Nil Durpan"" with ""Indigo Planters and all about them"" as a sub title. The play, Nil Durpan, dealt with the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the

"A. Dakshinamurthy"
A. Dakshinamurthy Professor A. Dakshinamurthy (born 10 April 1938 in Neduvakkottai, Mannargudi Taluk, Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu, India) is an eminent Tamil scholar, writer, and an English translator of classical, medieval and modern Tamil literature. He is a pioneer in the field of translation of Classical Tamil works. He is best known for his complete and faithful English translations of 19 ancient classical Tamil literature for the very first time in history between the period of 1999-2012. The Government of India honored him with the Presidential Award for lifetime achievement in Classical Tamil, 'The Tolkappiyar Award' for the year 2015.

"Miz & Mrs."
Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of ""Total Divas"", follows the lives of The Miz and Maryse in and out of the wrestling ring. The show is set to include six 30-minute episodes, which will follow the couple leading up to the birth of their first child. The Miz and Maryse also serve as executive producers of the show. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced that The Miz and Maryse would be getting their own spinoff show, set to premiere

in 2018 on the USA Network, titled ""Miz & Mrs."", that will be following the personal lives of the couple. On March 27, 2018, Maryse gave birth to their daughter, Monroe Sky Mizainin On May 22, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on July 24, 2018. On August 14, 2018, it was announced that USA Network had renewed the show for a 14-episode second season. Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of ""Total Divas"", follows the lives

"History of the Saints (TV series)"
full-length preview of the program was shown October 2, 2010, on KSL-TV, following the Saturday morning session of the 180th Semiannual General Conference. Season one began airing October 10, 2010 on KSL-TV. The first season begins with the death of Joseph Smith and the succession crisis, and then follows the story of the Mormon Pioneers as they traveled the Mormon Trail to the Rocky Mountains and what would become the Utah Territory. Other seasons are expected and will tell the story of the colonization of the Intermountain West and Church developments in Utah. History of the Saints (TV series) The

"History of The Simpsons"
into a film. The script was re-written over a hundred times, and this creativity continued after animation had begun in 2006. The film was a box office success, and received overwhelmingly positive reviews. ""The Simpsons"" eventually became the longest-running American sitcom, the longest-running American animated program, and in 2009 it surpassed ""Gunsmoke"" as the longest-running American primetime, scripted television series. Since its debut on December 17, 1989, the show has broadcast episodes and its 30th season started airing on September 30, 2018. When producer James L. Brooks was working on the television variety show ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" for the

"The Mo'Nique Show"
The Mo'Nique Show The Mo'Nique Show is an American talk show hosted by comedian actress Mo'Nique. Aired on BET, the series began October 5, 2009. The show's second and final season premiered on Monday, October 4, 2010. The show ran all-new episodes Monday through Thursday at 11PM ET, featuring celebrity guests and musical performances. The hour-long program also featured a ""resident deejay."" Although aired on BET, it was recorded at Turner Broadcasting in Atlanta, Georgia. After being cancelled, ""The Mo'Nique Show"" is now on repeat from its final season and airs at 3 a.m. On the debut episode, celebrity guests

"Saints & Strangers"
are plodding or repetitive. That said, the mini features nuanced work in a number of the Native Americans portrayals—often the best-developed characters on the screen."" ""Saints & Strangers"" received three Critics Choice Award Nominations as well as a WGA Award nomination for Best Television Original Long Form for which it won. Saints & Strangers Saints & Strangers is an American drama television two-part miniseries. It tells the story of the ""Mayflower"" voyage and chronicles the Pilgrims' first year in America and the first Thanksgiving in 1621. The program aired on the National Geographic Channel and premiered on November 22, 2015.

"The Wendy Williams Show"
The Wendy Williams Show The Wendy Williams Show (often shortened to Wendy) is an American syndicated infotainment talk show created and hosted by Wendy Williams. Produced by Wendy Williams Productions and distributed by Debmar-Mercury, the show has aired since July 14, 2008 in select major U.S. markets and July 13, 2009 nationwide. It is primarily aired on Fox, CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (along with several affiliates of other major networks). In January 2016, the talk show was renewed through the 201920 season. The show has been nominated for five Daytime Emmy Awards. The show regularly competes with ""The Ellen DeGeneres

"The Challenge (TV series)"
vs. Pros"") is a special recurring mini-series of ""The Challenge"". In each multi-week event, alumni from ""The Challenge"" compete against celebrities to win money for charity. In a six-episode event entitled """", ten ""Challenge"" greats competed against ten pros. The series premiered on May 16, 2017, and was hosted by NFL wide receiver Victor Cruz. """" is a special eight-week mini-series in which ten ""Challenge"" greats compete against ten celebrities. The series premiered on November 21, 2017, with Mike “The Miz” Mizanin as the host. Cast was spotted filming in Los Angeles on February 2, 2018. Mike “The Miz” Mizanin

"Rick and Bubba"
This location allows fans to witness the show from the sidewalk inside Vestavia Hills City Center, as well as from the ""Golden Ticket"" seats inside the studio. Its televised revival premiered November 1, 2012 on Heartland. It lasted until February 1, 2016. Since September 10, 2018 The Rick and Bubba show can be streamed both live and archived with a subsrciption to CRTV. Their first book, ""Rick & Bubba's Expert Guide to God, Country, Family & Anything Else We Can Think Of"" (), was published in March 2006, and quickly became a best-seller at Amazon.com and Books-A-Million as well as

Host. The Wendy Williams Show The Wendy Williams Show (often shortened to Wendy) is an American syndicated infotainment talk show created and hosted by Wendy Williams. Produced by Wendy Williams Productions and distributed by Debmar-Mercury, the show has aired since July 14, 2008 in select major U.S. markets and July 13, 2009 nationwide. It is primarily aired on Fox, CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (along with several affiliates of other major networks). In January 2016, the talk show was renewed through the 201920 season. The show has been nominated for five Daytime Emmy Awards. The show regularly competes with ""The Ellen

"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)"
the September 11 attacks. One of the main aspects of the series is the live feeds, in which viewers can view inside the house at any time. The live feeds have been a part of the series since its inception, initially being offered as a free service during the first season. From the second season onward, a subscription to the live feeds has been required, with the price ranging each year. The first season's feeds were available on the show's official site, hosted by AOL. From the second season to the fourteenth season, the feeds were available through RealNetworks either

as a subscription or as a free addition for Gold members. With the fifteenth season onward, the live feeds have aired on the official CBS website, again requiring a subscription from users. Though advertised as being available at any time, the feeds are shut off during the weekly nomination ceremony, Power of Veto ceremony, and the competitions and evictions for that week; this is to provide suspense for the series. Slanderous statements and singing of copyrighted music are also blocked for legal reasons. CBS aired the spin-off series ""Celebrity Big Brother"" from February 7–25, 2018. It was the first spin-off

service, CBS All Access; and ""Celebrity Big Brother,"" which aired on CBS in February 2018. CBS also renewed the series for a 19th and 20th season. The 19th season premiered on June 28, 2017 and the 20th season premiered on June 27, 2018. The series was bought by CBS in early 2000 for an estimated $20 million. The United States version of the series officially premiered on July 5, 2000 when the original ten housemates entered the house. Since its inception, the show has been hosted by television personality Julie Chen. It is produced by Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan

renewed. """", a second companion series, was debuted in 2007 and aired on Showtime Too nightly from 12 a.m. to 3 a.m. Eastern Time. The series continued this schedule until 2013, when it was moved to TVGN (now Pop). Former HouseGuest Jeff Schroeder began hosting the ""Big Brother: Live Chat"" online discussion show in 2012, where he interviewed the HouseGuests both before they enter the house and following their evictions. He also performed post-finale backyard interviews with the cast. On August 10, 2017, Schroeder announced that he was moving to Colorado and would no longer be able to do the

interviews. For ""Big Brother 20"", the """"Live Chat"""" was replaced by ""Off the Block with Ross and Marissa"". Hosted by former Celebrity HouseGuests Marissa Jaret Winokur and Ross Mathews, the show is set to air on Fridays on Facebook following the live eviction. There have been two spin-off editions of ""Big Brother"". In October 2016, CBS premiered a spin-off web series, """", as an original series for CBS All Access. Unlike the flagship, television version, it was broadcast exclusively online with a shorter, 10-week season. The second spin-off, ""Celebrity Big Brother"", aired its first season on CBS on February 7,

"Big Brother 20 (U.S.)"
adaptation of ""Big Brother"" has aired on CBS since its inception on July 5, 2000 with Julie Chen as host. Following two articles published by ""The New Yorker"" by Ronan Farrow in July and September 2018 where several women accused Chen's husband Les Moonves of harassment, intimidation, and sexual misconduct, effective September 9, 2018, Moonves departed CBS Corporation as President, Chairman and CEO with Joseph Ianniello appointed as President and Acting CEO. In response to the claims against him, Moonves released a statement denying the allegations. After the first article was published, Chen released a statement on Twitter in July

for Fly on the Wall Entertainment and Endemol Shine North America (formerly Endemol USA). The success of the series has spawned several spin-offs. The series airs once a year, during the summer, with the exception of the ninth season which aired in spring of 2008 and the ""Over the Top"" spinoff series broadcasting in fall 2016. Currently, 19 seasons of the show have aired, along with one digital season. The show has aired a total of 545 episodes since it premiered, with the September 5, 2013 airing marking the 500th episode. To date, there have been a total of 253

the character in George Orwell's novel ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"". The series launched on July 5, 2000 to a successful start, though ratings and critical reaction continued to grow increasingly negative. This led to the second season being a revamp of the show, featuring a more competition-based challenge. The series has since continued to be a hit for CBS, and is the second longest-running adaptation of the series to date, after the Spanish adaptation. The series currently has two spin-offs: "","" which was the first reality game show to air exclusively on a streaming platform airing in Fall 2016 on CBS's streaming

2018. ""Celebrity Big Brother"" was renewed for a second season, which will premiere on January 21, 2019. Though not an actual spin-off, the Canadian edition of the series is the first and currently only series to adopt the American format of ""Big Brother"". However, other franchises such as ""Big Brother Brasil"" soon adopted the Veto Competition, Have/Have-Nots, and Head of Household into their format while still incorporating the international public vote format. ""Big Brother"" is a game show in which a group of contestants, referred to as HouseGuests, live in a custom-built ""house"" (actually a set built on a CBS

"Big Brother 13 (U.S.)"
from 12 a.m. to 3 a.m. Eastern Time. The show served as a live feed into the house, and was edited only for slanderous statements and music copyrights. Much like the previous season, ""Big Brother 13"" is available for digital purchasing on iTunes and Amazon.com. ""Big Brother"" maintained an online platform with live subscription feeds from RealNetworks, a redesigned and relaunched website, online videos, full episodes, a fantasy game and segments on ""Inside Dish with Ross Mathews"". ""Big Brother"" also maintained two Twitter accounts; one featured updates from the production staff and one featured updates from the current Head of

"Statue of Freedom"
Statue of Freedom The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue ""is officially known as the ""Statue of Freedom"""". The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left. The ""Statue of Freedom"" is a colossal bronze

Service Medal also depicts the statue on the obverse (front face) of the medal. Statue of Freedom The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue ""is officially known as the ""Statue of Freedom"""". The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel

"United States Capitol"
""Challenger"" shuttle crew. Brumidi also worked within the Rotunda. He is responsible for the painting of ""The Apotheosis of Washington"" beneath the top of the dome, and also the famous ""Frieze of American History"". ""The Apotheosis of Washington"" was completed in 11 months and painted by Brumidi while suspended nearly in the air. It is said to be the first attempt by the United States to deify a founding father. Washington is depicted surrounded by 13 maidens in an inner ring with many Greek and Roman gods and goddesses below him in a second ring. The frieze is located around

"National Monument to the U.S. Constitution"
non-profit, in March 2010. The Foundation plans to find a permanent home for the monument during 2013. Constructed of polychrome and patinated cire perdu (lost wax) cast silicon bronze and polished marble and granite, the monument stands 8'4"" high and weighs just under 7 tons. The cast silicon bronze bald eagle symbolizes American's personal freedoms, independence, courage, pride and dignity. Below the eagle is a circular plinth between the eagle and the pedestal where replicas of the signatures of the United States Constitution are circumscribed. The octagonal pedestal is constructed of white marble and red and blue granite with white

"United States Capitol rotunda"
The fresco depicts George Washington sitting exalted amongst the heavens. It is suspended above the rotunda floor and covers an area of . The ""Frieze of American History"" is painted to appear as a carved stone bas-relief frieze but is actually a trompe-l'œil fresco cycle depicting 19 scenes from American history. The ""frieze"" occupies a band immediately below the 36 windows. Brumidi designed the frieze and prepared a sketch in 1859 but did not begin painting until 1878. Brumidi painted seven and a half scenes. While working on ""William Penn and the Indians"", Brumidi fell off the scaffolding and held

standing figure tall and weighing approximately 15,000 pounds (6,800 kg). Her crest peaks at 288 feet (88 m) above the east front plaza of the U.S. Capitol. She is a female, allegorical figure whose right hand holds the hilt of a sheathed sword, while a laurel wreath of victory and the Shield of the United States are clasped in her left hand. Her chiton is secured by a brooch inscribed ""U.S."" and is partially covered by a heavy, Native American–style fringed blanket thrown over her left shoulder. She faces east towards the main entrance of the building and the rising

However, under the stipulations of his last will, Washington was buried at Mount Vernon. The Crypt houses exhibits on the history of the Capitol. A compass star inlaid in the floor marks the point at which Washington, D.C. is divided into its four quadrants and is the basis for how addresses in Washington, D.C., are designated (NE, NW, SE, or SW). Within the Crypt is Gutzon Borglum's massive ""Abraham Lincoln Bust"". The sculptor had a fascination with large-scale art and themes of heroic nationalism, and carved the piece from a six-ton block of marble. Borglum carved the bust in 1908,

1908 interview article. Borglum's depiction of Lincoln was so accurate, that Robert Todd Lincoln, the president's son, praised the bust as ""the most extraordinarily good portrait of my father I have ever seen"". Supposedly, according to legend, the marble head remains unfinished (missing the left ear) to symbolize Lincoln's unfinished life. At one end of the room near the Old Supreme Court Chamber is a statue of John C. Calhoun. On the right leg of the statue, a mark from a bullet fired during the 1998 shooting incident is clearly visible. The bullet also left a mark on the cape,

"Washington Monument"
easily viewed while the stairs were accessible (until 1976), plus one memorial stone between stairs that is difficult to view. The pyramidion has eight observation windows, two per side, and eight red aircraft warning lights, two per side. Two aluminum lightning rods connected via the elevator support columns to ground water protect the monument. The monument's present foundation is thick, consisting of half of its original bluestone gneiss rubble encased in concrete. At the northeast corner of the foundation, below ground, is the marble cornerstone, including a zinc case filled with memorabilia. Fifty American flags fly 24 hours a day

the inside of the base of the dome and is a chronological, pictorial history of the United States from the landing of Christopher Columbus to the Wright Brothers's flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The frieze was started in 1878 and was not completed until 1953. The frieze was therefore painted by four different artists: Brumidi, Filippo Costaggini, Charles Ayer Whipple, and Allyn Cox. The final scenes depicted in the fresco had not yet occurred when Brumidi began his ""Frieze of the United States History"". Within the Rotunda there are eight large paintings about the development of the United States

"Free throw"
Barry, Ray Allen, José Calderón, Stephen Curry, Reggie Miller, Kevin Durant, and Dirk Nowitzki) can make roughly 90% of their attempts over a season, while notoriously poor shooters (e.g. Dwight Howard, DeAndre Jordan, Wilt Chamberlain, Andre Drummond, Andris Biedrins, Chris Dudley, Ben Wallace, Shaquille O'Neal, and Dennis Rodman) may struggle to make 50% of them. During a foul shot, a player's foot must be completely behind the foul line. If a player lines up with part of his or her foot on the line, a violation is called and the shot does not count. Foul shots are worth one point.

"George Yardley"
sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 75. George Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname ""Yardbird"" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The

"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
his team's points, compared to Bryant scoring 66 percent of the Lakers' 122 points. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was ""unthinkable ... It's pretty exhausting to think about it."" David Thompson broke Chamberlain's record for points in a quarter by scoring 32 in the first quarter of his 73-point game. Adrian Dantley tied the record of 28 free throws made in a regular season game on January 4, 1984, but through the 2010–11 season, all of Chamberlain's other records set that day still stand. Twenty years after the Warriors and Knicks combined for 316 points, the San Antonio Spurs defeated

Naulls wrote, ""Wilt had rung the bell of freedom loud and clear, shouting, 'Let my people be free to express themselves.' For we were and will be for all time those who withstood the humiliation of racial quotas even to the point of the NBA's facing extinction because of retarded expression and stagnating growth."" Source <br> Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey,

"Wilt Chamberlain"
He was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball and shooting free throws. Chamberlain is most remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA ""teams"" did not even average 100 points as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was ""unthinkable ... It's

Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball. Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made, a notable achievement, as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter. The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game (316). That season, Chamberlain averaged a

George Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname ""Yardbird"" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The nickname was later shortened to ""Bird"". After his three-year career at Stanford,

Pistons attempted 13 shots in the game, and won 19–18. NBA President Maurice Podoloff said, ""In our game, with the number of stars we have, we of necessity run up big scores."" In the , teams averaged just above 80 points per game. The NBA introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954, and league scoring and attendance increased. By the , teams were averaging 119 points each game. Chamberlain that season was one of 37 black players in the league, the NBA having started integration of blacks in 1950. With their emergence, the NBA game was stylistically being played faster

"AAU men's basketball records"
AAU men's basketball records This article lists all-time records achieved in the AAU tourney and the local leagues in a few statistical categories. The tournaments organized by the AAU started in 1897 and until the late 1940s included college teams, athletic clubs and company teams. Gale Bishop holds the record for most points scored having netted 62 in the second round of the 1945 tournament in Denver. Also, former NBA players such as the unforgettable LeRoy Ellis, Tim Hardaway and Artis Gilmore played in the veteran tournaments scoring pretty high and hold most of the records. ""Shorty"" Carpenter Martin Nash

"Minute (basketball)"
set in the 1961-62 season. Minute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA

"Impeachment of Andrew Johnson"
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach U.S. President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his ""high crimes and misdemeanors"", in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. The House's primary charge against Johnson was violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in March 1867, over the President's veto. Specifically, he had removed from office Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Secretary of War—whom the Act was largely designed to protect—and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major

later, the House adopted eleven articles of impeachment against the President. The articles charged Johnson with: On March 4, 1868, amid tremendous public attention and press coverage, the 11 Articles of Impeachment were presented to the Senate, which reconvened the following day as a court of impeachment, with Chief Justice Salmon Chase presiding, and proceeded to develop a set of rules for the trial and its officers. The extent of Chase's authority as presiding officer to render unilateral rulings was a frequent point of contention during the rules debate and trial. He initially maintained that deciding certain procedural questions on

found the president to be no longer interested in appeasement. On February 21, 1868, the president appointed Lorenzo Thomas, a brevet major general in the Army, as interim Secretary of War, ordered the removal of Stanton from office, and informed the Senate of his actions. Thomas personally delivered the president's dismissal notice to Stanton, who refused either to accept its legitimacy or to vacate the premises. Instead, Stanton informed Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax and President pro tempore of the Senate Benjamin Wade of his plight, then barricaded himself in his office and ordered Thomas arrested for violating the

The radicals, while suspicious of the new president and his policies, believed, based upon his record, that Andrew Johnson would defer, or at least acquiesce to their hardline proposals. Though a Democrat from Tennessee, Johnson had been a fierce critic of the Southern secession. Then after several states left the Union, including his own, he chose to stay in Washington (rather than resign his U.S. Senate seat), and later, when Union troops occupied Tennessee, Johnson was appointed military governor. While in that position he had exercised his powers with vigor, frequently stating that ""treason must be made odious and traitors

was called before attempting to convict him on additional articles. The delay did not change the outcome, however, as on May 26, it failed to convict the President on two articles, both by the same margin; after which the trial was adjourned. This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and

was put under the control of the U.S. military. Additionally, these states were required to enact new constitutions, ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, and guarantee voting rights for black males. Congress's control of the military Reconstruction policy was mitigated by Johnson's command of the military as president; however, Johnson had inherited, as Secretary of War, Lincoln's appointee Edwin M. Stanton, a staunch Radical Republican, who as long as he remained in office would comply with Congressional Reconstruction policies. To ensure that Stanton would not be replaced, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867 over Johnson's veto. The act required

William D. Kelley (on February 22, 1868) declared: On February 24, 1868 three days after Johnson's dismissal of Stanton, the House of Representatives voted 126 to 47 (with 17 members not voting) in favor of a resolution to impeach the President for high crimes and misdemeanors. Thaddeus Stevens addressed the House prior to the vote. ""This is not to be the temporary triumph of a political party,"" he said, ""but is to endure in its consequence until this whole continent shall be filled with a free and untrammeled people or shall be a nest of shrinking, cowardly slaves."" One week

Stevens, James F. Wilson, and Thomas Williams. The president's defense team was made up of Henry Stanbery, William M. Evarts, Benjamin R. Curtis, Thomas A. R. Nelson and William S. Groesbeck. On the advice of counsel, the president did not appear at the trial. The trial was conducted mostly in open session, and the Senate chamber galleries were filled to capacity throughout. Public interest was so great that the Senate issued admission passes for the first time in its history. For each day of the trial, 1,000 color coded tickets were printed, granting admittance for a single day. On the

"U.S. Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court"
addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office in the future. Impeachment proceedings may not inflict more than this; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law. In the history of the United States, the House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (Another resigned before the Senate could complete the trial). Only two Presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1999. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short

General Lorenzo Thomas. (Earlier, while the Congress was not in session, Johnson had suspended Stanton and appointed General Ulysses S. Grant as Secretary of War ""ad interim."") The House approved the articles of impeachment on March 2–3, 1868, and forwarded them to the Senate. The trial in the Senate began three days later, with Chief Justice of the United States Salmon P. Chase presiding. On May 16, the Senate failed to convict Johnson on one of the articles, with the 35–19 vote in favor of conviction falling short of the necessary two-thirds majority by a single vote. A ten-day recess

"Kerosene lamp"
creating a brighter and even more stable flame. The hot-blast design, also known as a ""tubular lantern"" due to the metal tubes used in its construction, was invented by John Irwin and patented on January 12, 1868. The hot-blast design collected hot air from above the globe and fed it through metal side tubes to the burner, to make the flame burn brighter. The cold-blast design is similar to the hot-blast, except that cold fresh air is drawn in from around the top of the globe and is then fed though the metal side tubes to the flame, making it

1860s, were of the dead-flame type, meaning that it had an open wick, but the airflow to the flame was strictly controlled in an upward motion by a combination of vents at the bottom of the burner and an open topped chimney. This had the effect of removing side-to-side drafts and thus significantly reducing or even eliminating the flickering that can occur with an exposed flame. Later lanterns, such as the hot-blast and cold-blast lanterns, took this airflow control even further by partially enclosing the wick in a ""deflector"" or ""burner cone"" and channeling the airflow through that restricted area,

A kerosene lantern, also known as a ""barn lantern"" or ""hurricane lantern"", is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They are made of soldered or crimped-together sheet-metal stampings, with tin-plated sheet steel being the most common material, followed by brass and copper. There are three types: dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast. Both hot-blast and cold-blast designs are called tubular lanterns and are safer than dead-flame lamps, as tipping over a tubular lantern cuts off the oxygen flow to the burner and will extinguish the flame within seconds. The earliest portable kerosene ""glass globe"" lanterns, of the 1850s and

types of kerosene lamp: flat-wick, central-draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. Kerosene lanterns meant for portable use have a flat wick and are made in dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast variants. Pressurized kerosene lamps have a gas generator and gas mantle; these are known as Petromax, Tilley lamps, or Coleman lamps, among other manufacturers. They produce more light per unit of fuel than wick-type lamps, but are more complex and expensive in construction and more complex to operate. A hand-pump pressurizes air, which forces liquid fuel from a reservoir into a gas generator. Vapor from the gas generator burns, heating

"Kerosene heater"
filled with 1-K kerosene. The wick draws kerosene from the tank via capillary action. Once lit, the wick heats the Kerosene until it turns into a gas (gasification) and this gas is then burnt which heats air via convection or nearby objects via radiation. The burner is designed to properly oxygenate and distribute the flames. The flame height is controlled by raising or lowering the exposed wick height inside the burner unit via an adjusting mechanism. The kerosene heater is extinguished by fully retracting the wick into a cavity below the burner, which will snuff out the flame. There has

tank, four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced draft. The glass chimney needs a ""throat"", or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete combustion of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light, which is brighter than an open flame would produce. The lamp burner has a flat wick, usually made of cotton. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the kerosene; the top part of the wick extends out

a mantle to incandescence and also providing heat to the gas generator. The first description of a simple lamp using crude mineral oil was provided by Persian alchemist al-Razi (Rhazes) in 9th century Baghdad, who referred to it as the ""naffatah"" in his ""Kitab al-Asrar"" (""Book of Secrets""). In 1846 Abraham Pineo Gesner invented a substitute for whale oil for lighting, distilled from coal. Later made from petroleum, kerosene became a popular lighting fuel. Modern and most popular versions of the kerosene lamp were later constructed by Polish inventor and pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz. Kerosene lamps are widely used for lighting

Kerosene
prevented its use for indoor illumination. In cities, much indoor illumination was provided by piped-in coal gas, but outside the cities, and for spot lighting within the cities, the lucrative market for fueling indoor lamps was supplied by whale oil, specifically that from sperm whales, which burned brighter and cleaner. Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner claimed that in 1846, he had given a public demonstration in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island of a new process he had discovered. He heated coal in a retort, and distilled from it a clear, thin fluid that he showed made an excellent lamp fuel. He coined

A lamp set too high will burn off its soot harmlessly if quickly turned down, but if not caught soon enough, the soot itself can ignite, and a ""runaway lamp"" condition can result. One popular model of mantle lamp uses only a wick and is unpressurized. Pressurized mantle lamps contain a gas generator and require preheating the generator before lighting. An air pump is used to deliver fuel under pressure to the gas generator. Large fixed pressurized kerosene mantle lamps were used in lighthouse beacons for navigation of ships, brighter and with lower fuel consumption than oil lamps used before.

is the mantle lamp. The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped mesh made of fabric placed over the burner. The mantle typically contains thorium or other rare-earth salts; on first use the cloth burns away, and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure, which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. Mantle lamps are considerably brighter than flat- or round-wick lamps, produce a whiter light and generate more heat. Mantle lamps typically use fuel faster than a flat-wick lamp, but slower than a center-draught round-wick, as they depend on a small

"The Sims 4"
towards its lack of content. Since its launch, it became the best selling PC game of 2014 and 2015. As of June 2018, ""The Sims 4"" has sold over 10 Million copies worldwide. To date EA has released six expansion packs. The most recent is , which was released on November 16, 2018. There have also been several ""game packs"" released, including ""Parenthood"" which allows the players to shape the characters' children and teenagers as they go through life, as well as free updates that include major changes such as the addition of a toddler life stage that was previously

both men and women. There are up to 18 hair colour options per hairstyle. Selections of premade designs of Sims are available to choose from, which range in body shape and ethnicity. Seven life stages are available including baby, toddler, child, teenager, young adult, adult and elder. The baby life stage is accessible only through the birth of a Sim and not available in Create A Sim. Toddlers were initially absent from the original game release, but were added in the January 2017 patch. Each Sim also has three traits and an aspiration containing its own hidden trait. Compared to

The Sims 4 The Sims 4 is the fourth major title in the life simulation video game series ""The Sims"". Developed by The Sims Studio and published by Electronic Arts, ""The Sims 4"" was originally announced on May 6, 2013, and was released in North America on September 2, 2014 for Microsoft Windows. A Mac compatible version of the game was made available for digital download on February 17, 2015. ""The Sims 4"" is the first PC game to top all-format charts in two years. The game has received mixed reviews since its release, with the majority of criticism directed

release date of the game, September 2, 2014, during a press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo on June 9, 2014. ""The Sims 4"" was released on September 2 for North America and September 4 for EU, Australia and Brazil. On June 28, 2014, a video was released showing the ""originality"" of each sim and their emotions. In January 2015, Maxis announced """", the first paid DLC for ""The Sims 4"". The DLC focuses on outdoor activities in the national park. Until mid-2017, there were no plans for a console release. However, versions of the game for the PlayStation 4

On February 2, they announced via the official The Sims Twitter feed that the Mac version of The Sims 4 would be released on February 17, 2015. Earlier in the development process, a fan-site interview with a producer had revealed Create-a-Style (CAS), a customization feature introduced in the previous ""Sims"" game, would not be added to ""The Sims 4"" in lieu of other features. The developers then announced through a series of tweets that the game would ship with a 'stripped-down' version of story-progression (a gameplay mechanic controlling neighborhood autonomy), and that basements, grocery stores, and school and work locations

the hatred for Electronic Arts that greatly intensified after the release of the latest ""SimCity"" game, resulted in such a backlash. Tan gave ""The Sims 4"" a 3.5/5, calling it ""woefully incomplete, despite being unexpectedly solid and entertaining in its current state"". The Sims 4 The Sims 4 is the fourth major title in the life simulation video game series ""The Sims"". Developed by The Sims Studio and published by Electronic Arts, ""The Sims 4"" was originally announced on May 6, 2013, and was released in North America on September 2, 2014 for Microsoft Windows. A Mac compatible version of

"The Sims"
Studio. ""The Sims 4"" takes place in an alternative setting from the previous installment of the game. Later in 2014, further details on features and gameplay were announced. A release date of September 2, 2014 was announced at E3 2014. As of November 2018, six expansion packs, six game packs, and fourteen stuff packs have been released for the fourth generation of the series. Updates have added content that was previously absent due to time restraints, such as basements, ghosts, pools, and toddlers. New careers have also been added. The game has sold over 10 million copies worldwide since its

sliders and the addition of emotion-based gameplay. Select players called Yibsims who mostly manage fan sites and YouTube videos were invited to Sims Camp to see the game before the public and press, consequently the game received minimal coverage outside fansites. Maxis stated the game would run better on lower-end PCs than ""The Sims 3"", which was plagued with performance issues on low-end and high-end PCs. It was suspected that ""The Sims 4"" was scheduled to be released in early 2014, but it was later revealed it would in fact be released September 2, 2014. On May 14, 2014, producer

for free in November, and this happened in the form of a game patch. Other features like basements have later been added in subsequent patches, and the missing ""toddler"" life stage was eventually added for free in a patch released on January 12, 2017. SteelSeries and Electronic Arts announced a series of themed peripherals to promote ""The Sims 4"", including a pair of headphones, a computer mouse that lights up in accordance with Sims' in-game emotional states, and a mousepad featuring a render of various Sim groups. A demo was released to the public displaying the new Create a Sim

"The Sims"
at official Facebook page. Several updates for the game have been released. Released for Android and iPhone smartphones, ""The Sims Mobile"" was announced on May 9, 2017 in a launch trailer, and was released on March 6, 2018. It features a combination of multiplayer and story mode elements to give the player an experience more like that of the PC versions. The success of ""The Sims"" resulted in Guinness World Records awarding the series five world records in the ""Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008"". These records include ""World's Biggest-Selling Simulation Series"" and ""Best Selling PC Game of All Time""

"The Curse of Oak Island"
Inc. approved $1,271,546 in film funding for the production of the 4th season. In October 2017, a fifth season was announced, which began airing on November 7, 2017. Season 6 began airing November 13, 2018. The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. ""The Curse of Oak Island"" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through

"Boardwalk Empire (season 5)"
Boardwalk Empire (season 5) The fifth and final season of the HBO television series ""Boardwalk Empire"" premiered on September 7, 2014, and concluded on October 26, 2014, consisting of 8 episodes. The series was created by Terence Winter and based on the book ""Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City"" by Nelson Johnson. Set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era, the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch ""Nucky"" Thompson (based loosely on the historical Enoch ""Nucky"" Johnson), a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition

"Haven (season 5)"
season five being the show's last was first hinted by Eric Balfour when he told TVLine that one of the producers was considering about shooting two different endings at the time production was still filming. The show's Canadian channel Showcase premiered the mid-season premiere episode ""New World Order"" at the 2015 Fan Expo Canada on September 7, 2015 a month prior to its public premiere. Haven (season 5) The fifth and final season of the American television series ""Haven"" premiered on September 11, 2014 on Syfy, and concluded on December 17, 2015. The 26-episode season was split into two parts,

for Best Drama Ensemble, Steve Buscemi was nominated for Best Drama Actor, and the series was nominated for Best Stunt Team. For the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, Tim Van Patten was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for ""Eldorado"". For the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, the series received nine nominations, and won for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series and Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period Program (One Hour or More). The season premiered on OSN First HD in the Middle East on September 8, 2014. Boardwalk Empire (season 5) The fifth and final season

(ET). The show stars Emily Rose, Lucas Bryant and Eric Balfour. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 28, 2014, Syfy ordered a 26-episode fifth season. This season was split up into two half-seasons due to an increase in the Canadian budget that brought to a total of $28 million instead of the usual $14 million for a single season. The first 13 episodes aired in late 2014 while the remaining 13 aired in late 2015. Production for both parts lasted from April 22, 2014 to December 2014. Originally set to join lead-in ""WWE Smackdown"" on Thursdays after both shows were moved from Friday

period of the 1920s and early 1930s. The fifth season takes place between April and October 1931, seven years after the previous season, during the Great Depression, with flashbacks to 1884 and 1897 detailing Nucky's childhood and young adulthood. The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on January 13, 2015. HBO renewed ""Boardwalk Empire"" for a fifth season on September 26, 2013, and announced on January 9, 2014, that it would be the final season. The New York budget for the show's final season was $87.2 million. Departing the main cast from the previous season

Haven (season 5) The fifth and final season of the American television series ""Haven"" premiered on September 11, 2014 on Syfy, and concluded on December 17, 2015. The 26-episode season was split into two parts, containing a total of thirteen episodes each. The first part began its broadcast on September 11, 2014 in its new date and time slot on Thursday at 8:00 pm (ET) for the first four episodes, before returning to its previous time slot of Friday at 7:00 pm (ET). The second part began broadcasting with the first two episodes on October 8, 2015 at 10:00 pm

"The Real Housewives of New Jersey (season 5)"
New Jersey"" was officially renewed for a fifth season on April 2, 2013. The season premiere ""Garden State of Emergency"" was aired on June 2, 2013, while the twentieth episode ""Salon, Farewell"" served as the season finale, and was aired on September 29, 2013. It was followed by a two-part reunion that aired on October 6, and October 13, 2013. A two-part episode ""The Real Housewives Tell All"" marked the conclusion of the season and was broadcast on October 14, and October 20, 2013. Rebecca Toth Diefenbach, Valerie Haselton, Lucilla D'Agostino, Jim Fraenkel, Omid Kahangi, Caroline Self, Tess Gamboa Meyers

"Arrested Development (season 5)"
2017, with 17 episodes planned for the fifth season. Filming wrapped in November 2017. Tambor had been subject of sexual misconduct allegations in November 2017 which led to him being taken off ""Transparent""; however, the allegations did not impact his inclusion within season 5, and the show's team has stood in support of Tambor since then. On May 7, 2018, it was announced that the fifth season would premiere on May 29, 2018, and the season's trailer was released. To promote the fifth season, two versions of the Bluth Real Estate Stair car, featuring the hashtag #AD5 and the website

"Louie (season 5)"
City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as ""extended vignettes"") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances. ""Louie"" was renewed by FX for a fifth season in July 2014 with a seven-episode order. When FX announced the season's premiere date in January 2015, it was announced the season would consist of eight episodes instead of thirteen or fourteen. It was later revealed by Louis C.K. during a panel to promote the show that the shortened season length was due to an unfortunate decision he

"Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)"
Willis' production company Cheyenne Enterprises, and premiered on March 12, 2004. It ran for 12 episodes, ending on June 14, 2004. Although ""Touching Evil"" garnered acclaim from television critics, the USA Network deemed it commercially unsuccessful and opted not to renew the series for a second season. Returning from a year-long psychological leave of absence after surviving an almost-fatal gunshot wound to the head, Detective David Creegan (Jeffrey Donovan) is assigned to the FBI's Organized and Serial Crime Unit – a rapid-response, elite crime investigation squad – where he and his new partner, Detective Susan Branca (Vera Farmiga), find themselves

"Touching Evil"
Touching Evil Touching Evil is a British television drama serial following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial Crime Unit, a rapid response police force that serves the entire county. It began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written

Touching Evil (U.S. TV series) Touching Evil is an American crime drama television series, based on the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott. It starred Jeffrey Donovan as Detective David Creegan and Vera Farmiga as Creegan's partner Detective Susan Branca. Brian Markinson, Kevin Durand and Zach Grenier co-starred. The premise of this adaptation was somewhat different to the UK series' storyline. Rather than acquiring the ability to sense criminals, Creegan's recovery from a gunshot wound to the head instead strips him of his impulse control and sense of shame. The series was produced by actor Bruce

by Abbott or Davies. The first episode aired on 29 April 1997. The last episode of the series aired on 6 June 1999, after 16 episodes and 3 seasons. The star of the series is Robson Green, playing a police officer D.I. Dave Creegan. ""Touching Evil III"" was co-produced by Green's own independent production company Coastal Productions. Green's co-star was Nicola Walker, playing Creegan's colleague D.I. Susan Taylor. Touching Evil Touching Evil is a British television drama serial following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial Crime Unit, a rapid response police force that serves the

"The Evil Touch"
The Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing new characters, although several guest stars appeared in more than one episode. The series was produced by American producer Mende Brown and partly funded by the Nine Network.

"Touch (TV series)"
worse things on TV than a fast-paced action drama."" ""Touch"" debuted to over 12 million viewers in the pilot episode, with the next episode pulling in more than 11.8 million. But ratings fell sharply after that, and the season one finale garnered just 4.6 million viewers. After the first two episodes of season two, all of the remaining 11 episodes fell short of 3 million viewers, leading to the series cancellation. Touch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring

each installment, always wishing viewers ""pleasant dreams"". Each episode featured a new setting and characters and a different cast. Several name actors appeared, acting in multiple episodes as different characters: Morrow and McGavin each directed one of the episodes they acted in. Australian actors in supporting roles included Jack Thompson, Elaine Lee, John Morris, June Thody, Tony Bonner, Neva Carr Glyn, Janet Kingsbury, Mirren Lee, Reg Evans. The series was initially screened in Australia by the Nine Network in a prime time slot. The series was also screened in first-run syndication and later re-ran on TV Land in the US

Touch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring and starred Kiefer Sutherland. During its first season the series aired regularly on Thursday nights beginning March 22, 2012. Thirteen episodes were ordered for the first season, with the two-episode season finale airing on Thursday, May 31, 2012. On May 9, 2012, Fox renewed the show for a second season. The second season was originally scheduled to begin Friday, October 26, 2012, but was pushed back to Friday, February 8, 2013.

and ITV in the UK, with later airings in the 1990s on Bravo. In Australia it was repeated in a late-night slot several times up until the mid-1980s. The Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing

"The Touch of Evil"
The Touch of Evil The Touch of Evil is a fix-up fantasy horror novel written by John Rackham. Its three episodic parts were originally written as short stories and published in the December 1960 and June and December 1961 issues of the British magazine ""Science Fantasy"". The book was first published in paperback by Brown, Watson in 1963 as no. R658 of its Digit Books series. Narrated by protagonist Chapman Jones (""Chappie""), the stories involve his pulp-style adventures with colleagues Dr. Ken Wilson and others in combating menaces of supernatural horror. Madame Tara, the old fortune teller living upstairs from

"Let's Eat 2"
Let's Eat 2 Let's Eat 2 () is a South Korean television series starring Yoon Doo-joon, Seo Hyun-jin and Kwon Yul. It aired on tvN from April 6, 2015 to June 2, 2015 for 18 episodes. This is the second season of 2013 ""Let's Eat"" series, with Yoon Doo-joon reprising his role as Goo Dae-young, who moves to Sejong City and befriends new neighbors and friends played by Seo Hyun-jin and Kwon Yul. The series is about Goo Dae-young (Yoon Doo-joon), an insurance salesman, moving to the small town Sejong from the big city Seoul. He meets a Baek Soo-ji

(Seo Hyun-jin), who is his next door neighbour. They befriend each other quickly and make a contract while Soo-ji chases the love of her life, Lee Sang-woo (Kwon Yul). Let's Eat 2 Let's Eat 2 () is a South Korean television series starring Yoon Doo-joon, Seo Hyun-jin and Kwon Yul. It aired on tvN from April 6, 2015 to June 2, 2015 for 18 episodes. This is the second season of 2013 ""Let's Eat"" series, with Yoon Doo-joon reprising his role as Goo Dae-young, who moves to Sejong City and befriends new neighbors and friends played by Seo Hyun-jin and

"Mr. House Husband"
two-part Chuseok special of Mr. House Husband (Season 2) was broadcast. On 31 October and 7 November 2018, the 2018 KBO League games were broadcast instead of Mr. House Husband episodes. Mr. House Husband Mr. House Husband () is a South Korean television entertainment program, where six men who do housekeeping and parenting are observed by their fellow cast members. For season 2, the format changed and the cast members' recordings were observed and narrated by two hosts. On 14 June 14 2017 there was a special broadcast of episodes 1–4 of ""Queen for Seven Days"" instead of an episode

Mr. House Husband Mr. House Husband () is a South Korean television entertainment program, where six men who do housekeeping and parenting are observed by their fellow cast members. For season 2, the format changed and the cast members' recordings were observed and narrated by two hosts. On 14 June 14 2017 there was a special broadcast of episodes 1–4 of ""Queen for Seven Days"" instead of an episode of ""Mr. House Husband"". On 20 September 2017 a special episode was broadcast. Special episodes were broadcast between 1 November 2017 and 27 January 2018 due to KBS' strike. From 14

"Youn's Kitchen"
Youn's Kitchen Youn's Kitchen () is a South Korean reality show which premiered on tvN. Season 1 was aired on Fridays at 21:50 (KST) starting March 24 and ended on May 19, 2017. Season 2 was aired on Fridays at 21:45 (KST) starting January 5 and ended on March 23, 2018. Youn Yuh-jung's main ingredient was bulgogi, which was available in three dishes: Bulgogi Rice, Bulgogi Noodles and a Bulgogi Burger. Prior to filming, Youn met with Lee Won-il and Hong Seok-cheon to ask for advice, and received expertise on how to operate Youn's Kitchen, including menu development and restaurant

spicy pork bibimbap was removed and Korean fried chicken was added. From the 4th episode, ribs were added. From the 6th episode, kimchi fried rice was added. Youn's Kitchen Youn's Kitchen () is a South Korean reality show which premiered on tvN. Season 1 was aired on Fridays at 21:50 (KST) starting March 24 and ended on May 19, 2017. Season 2 was aired on Fridays at 21:45 (KST) starting January 5 and ended on March 23, 2018. Youn Yuh-jung's main ingredient was bulgogi, which was available in three dishes: Bulgogi Rice, Bulgogi Noodles and a Bulgogi Burger. Prior to

"The K2"
by viewers for good performances. In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings. The drama streams internationally on DramaFever with English subtitles. Its broadcasting rights were sold to Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, China, Thailand and Israel. The K2 The K2 () is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Ji Chang-wook, Im Yoon-ah and Song Yoon-ah. It premiered on tvN every Friday and Saturday at 20:00 (KST) on September 23, 2016 until November 12, 2016 for 16 episodes. Kim Je-ha is a former mercenary

"Queen of Mystery 2"
last night instead of dealing with a psychopath or notorious serial killer, etc. Queen of Mystery 2 Queen of Mystery 2 () is a South Korean television series starring Choi Kang-hee and Kwon Sang-woo. It aired on KBS2 from February 28 to April 19, 2018 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 (KST) for 16 episodes. Housewife-turned-investigator Seol-ok and passionate detective Wan-seung collaborate to solve mysterious cases and cure the hearts of those who were wounded by crimes along the way. ""Queen of Mystery"" Season 2 is a drama that digs into the inside details of daily crimes realistically about a

"Two Yoo Project Sugar Man"
the lowest ratings and represent the highest ratings. Two Yoo Project Sugar Man Two Yoo Project – Sugar Man () is a 2015 South Korean television program starring various artists. The original 2-episode pilot aired at 22:50 (KST) on Wednesday (August 19 & 26, 2015) under the name ""Two Yoo Project Searching For Sugar Man"" (). The regular broadcast of Season 1, hosted by Yoo Jae-suk, You Hee-yeol, Kim Eana and Sandara Park, kicked off beginning October 20, 2015, every Tuesday at 22:50 (KST), ended on July 12, 2016. Season 2 airs starting January 14, 2018, every Sunday at 22:40

"2 Days & 1 Night"
April 2016. On September 29, 2016, Jung Joon-young left the show due to his scandal (regarding a ""sexual offence"" charged by his former girlfriend, of which he was later cleared of), but on January 7, 2017, a production member confirmed that Joon-young will return to the show, already having recorded an episode the previous day (which was broadcast on January 15). In 2018, the show received a Presidential Commendation from the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism for the show's effort of promoting tourism since 2007. On the episodes 486-488 which were aired March 5, 12, and 19,

if a piece of music is perceived to have changed key then we say the piece has

"Transition (music)"
Transition (music) A transition is a passage of music composed to link one section of music to another. Transitions often function as a moment of transformation and may, or may not in themselves, introduce new, musical material. Often in music, the transition is the middle section or formal function, while the main theme is the beginning, and the subordinate theme is the ending. It may traditionally be a part of the sonata form's exposition in which the composer modulates from the key of the first subject to the key of the second, though many Classical era works move straight from

first to second subject groups without any transition. For example, transition may be defined as different from a subordinate theme (rondo form) or a developmental core. In sonata form, a retransition (the transition to the recapitulation) is the last part of the development section which prepares for the return of the first subject group in the tonic, most often through a grand prolongation of the dominant seventh. Transition (music) A transition is a passage of music composed to link one section of music to another. Transitions often function as a moment of transformation and may, or may not in themselves,

"Altered chord"
Altered chord An altered chord is a chord in which one or more notes from the diatonic scale is replaced with a neighboring pitch from the chromatic scale. According to the broadest definition any chord with a nondiatonic chord tone is an altered chord, while the simplest use of altered chords is the use of borrowed chords, chords borrowed from the parallel key, and the most common is the use of secondary dominants. As Alfred Blatter explains,""An altered chord occurs when one of the standard, functional chords is given another quality by the modification of one or more components of

"Key (music)"
More elaborate pieces may establish the main key, then modulate to another key, or a series of keys, then back to the original key. In the Baroque it was common to repeat an entire phrase of music, called a ritornello, in each key once it was established. In Classical sonata form, the second key was typically marked with a contrasting theme. Another key may be treated as a temporary tonic, called tonicization. In common practice period compositions, and most of the Western popular music of the 20th century, pieces always begin and end in the same key, even if (as

triads, sevenths, or ninths, with the fifth chromatically raised or chromatically lowered, are altered chords,"" while triads with a single altered note are considered, ""changes of form <nowiki>[</nowiki>quality],"" rather than alteration. According to composer Percy Goetschius, ""Altered... chords contain one or more tones written with accidentals (, , or ) and therefore foreign to the scale in which they appear, but nevertheless, from their connections and their effect, obviously belonging to the principal key of their phrase."" Richard Franko Goldman argues that, once one accepts, ""the variability of the scale,"" the concept of altered chords becomes unnecessary: ""In reality, there

"Retrograde (music)"
In music and music theory, a non-retrogradable rhythm is a rhythmic palindrome, i.e., a pattern of note durations that is read or performed the same either forwards or backwards. The term is used most frequently in the context of the music of Olivier Messiaen. For example, such rhythms occur in the ""Liturgie de cristal"" and ""Danse de la fureur, pour les sept trompettes""—the first and sixth movements—of Messiaen's ""Quatuor pour la fin du temps"". Retrograde (music) A musical line which is the reverse of a previously or simultaneously stated line is said to be its retrograde or cancrizans (""walking backward"",

the ii-V-I turnaround, as well as movement by half-step or minor third. The five most common types of altered dominants are: V, V (both raised fifths), V, V (both lowered fifths), and V (lowered fifth and third). ""Borrowing"" of this type is seen in music from the Renaissance music era and the Baroque music era (1600–1750), such as with the use of the Picardy third, in which a piece in a minor key has a final or intermediate cadence in the tonic major chord. ""Borrowing"" is also common in 20th century popular music and rock music. For example, in music

"Progressive tonality"
Progressive tonality Progressive tonality is the music compositional practice whereby a piece of music does not finish in the key in which it began, but instead 'progresses' to an ending in a different key or tonality. To avoid misunderstanding, it should be stressed that in this connection 'different key' means a different tonic, rather than merely a change to a different mode (see: Picardy third and List of major/minor compositions): Gustav Mahler's Second Symphony (1888–94), for example, which moves from a C minor start to an E-flat major conclusion, exhibits 'progressive tonality'—whereas Ludwig van Beethoven's Fifth Symphony (1804–08), which begins

in some Romantic-era music) the key is deliberately left ambiguous at first. Some arrangements of popular songs, however, modulate sometime during the song (often in a repeat of the final chorus) and thus end in a different key. This is an example of modulation. In rock and popular music some pieces change back and forth, or modulate, between two keys. Examples of this include Fleetwood Mac's ""Dreams"" and The Rolling Stones' ""Under My Thumb"". ""This phenomenon occurs when a feature that allows multiple interpretations of key (usually a diatonic set as pitch source) is accompanied by other, more precise evidence

Retrograde (music) A musical line which is the reverse of a previously or simultaneously stated line is said to be its retrograde or cancrizans (""walking backward"", medieval Latin, from ""cancer"", crab). An exact retrograde includes both the pitches and rhythms in reverse. An even more exact retrograde reverses the physical contour of the notes themselves, though this is possible only in electronic music. Some composers choose to subject just the pitches of a musical line to retrograde, or just the rhythms. In twelve-tone music, reversal of the pitch classes alone—regardless of the melodic contour created by their registral placement—is regarded

"All-time Olympic Games medal table"
some of the entries in the preceding sections differently. For the 1900 Summer Olympics several countries are credited with appearances that are not considered official by the IOC. Only one of these cases concerns a medal. A gold medal that is officially added to France's total is given to Luxembourg. Similar cases of disputed nationality affect the 1904 Summer Olympics. France is credited with a silver medal and Norway with two gold medals. In the table above these medals are listed under the United States. Furthermore, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would

"Eric Heiden"
Eric Heiden Eric Arthur Heiden (born June 14, 1958) is an American physician and a former long track speed skater, road cyclist and track cyclist. He won an unprecedented five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. Heiden was the most successful athlete at those Olympic Games, single-handedly winning more gold medals than all nations except for the Soviet Union (10) and East Germany (9). He is the most successful Winter Olympian from a single edition of any Winter Olympics. He delivered the Athlete's Oath at those same 1980

outside of IOC sources. The Soviet Union is sometimes combined with the post-union team that competed in 1992. Few sources combine the Soviet Union and Russia as many republics which subsequently gained independence (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan) contributed to the medal tally of the USSR. The nationalities of many medalists at the 1904 Olympics are disputed as many competitors were recent immigrants to the United States who had not yet been granted US citizenship. All-time medal counts are compiled by various sources, often adding up related results for Russia, Germany,

gold medal was awarded to Hermann Schreiber of Switzerland for crossing the Alps in a glider in 1935, the first time that had been done. Some sources include these IOC awards of gold medals in the overall count. Germany has competed under five different designations, including as two separate teams at several Games. Sources vary in how they present the medals won by these teams. The table below shows sourced combinations of these teams, when applied to the updated medal totals from the main table. The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire and the Olympic Athletes from Russia are often combined

be listed as a historical NOC without medals. Other differences from the official table are based on disagreements about which events were Olympic. This affects several of the events in the 1900 and 1904 Olympics. In addition, some sources include the 1906 Intercalated Games when compiling their medal tables. From 1924 through 1936, the IOC on several occasions awarded gold medals for feats of alpinism and aeronautics that occurred in the preceding four-year Olympiad. In 1924, 1932 and 1936, gold medals were awarded to 25 mountaineers from six nations for expeditions in the Himalayas and the Matterhorn. In 1936, a

"Winning streak (sports)"
medal and two improvements of his own world records. 75 races — Emil Zátopek 65 consecutive competitions — Carl Lewis 5 consecutive World Championships 140 to 150 competitions — Iolanda Balaş Note: this streak included 2 Olympic gold medals and 14 improvements of the world record. 5 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games — United States 5 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games — United States 7 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games — United States 4 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games 4 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games — Finland 4 consecutive gold medals at Olympic games —

Serbia, Czech Republic etc. Sources All-time Olympic Games medal table The all-time medal table for all Olympic Games from 1896 to 2018, including Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, and a combined total of both, is tabulated below. These Olympic medal counts do not include the 1906 Intercalated Games which are no longer recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as official Games. The IOC itself does not publish all-time tables, and publishes unofficial tables only per single Games. This table was thus compiled by adding up single entries from the IOC database. The results are attributed to the IOC

"Winter Olympic Games"
only country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all-time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union. A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organised by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in Stockholm, Sweden in 1901 and were held again in 1903 and 1905 and then every fourth year thereafter until 1926. Balck was a charter member of the IOC and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to

"Matti Nykänen"
Matti Nykänen Matti Ensio Nykänen () (born 17 July 1963) is a Finnish former ski jumper who competed from 1981 to 1991. Widely considered to be the greatest male ski jumper of all time, he won five Winter Olympic medals (four gold), nine World Championship medals (five gold), and 22 Finnish Championship medals (13 gold). Most notably, he won three gold medals at the 1988 Winter Olympics, becoming, along with Yvonne van Gennip of the Netherlands, the most successful athlete at that event. Nykänen is the only ski jumper in history to have won all five of the sport's major

"1904 Summer Olympics medal table"
of a mixed team, so these medals are tabulated under different nations in the official counts. The United States won 239 medals, setting a record that still stands today. The Soviet Union came closest to beating the record with 195 medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics and currently is in second place. The Soviets, however, won a record 80 gold medals, surpassing 78 golds won by the Americans in 1904. However, the United States subsequently won 83 gold medals in the 1984 Summer Olympics, setting another all-time record. Gold medals were awarded to event winners for the first time at

"Let Me Love You Tonight"
the band at the time was Vince Gill, who would later become a successful country music singer in his own right. Noted saxophonist David Sanborn can also be heard on the track. Let Me Love You Tonight ""Let Me Love You Tonight"" is a 1980 song by the American pop and country rock band Pure Prairie League. Taken as the first single from their 1980 album, ""Firin' Up"", ""Let Me Love You Tonight"" became the band's first (and, to date, only) song to enter the top 10 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number 10 during

Let Me Love You Tonight ""Let Me Love You Tonight"" is a 1980 song by the American pop and country rock band Pure Prairie League. Taken as the first single from their 1980 album, ""Firin' Up"", ""Let Me Love You Tonight"" became the band's first (and, to date, only) song to enter the top 10 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number 10 during the summer of 1980, and remained in the Top 40 for 11 weeks. The song also spent three weeks at number one on the ""Billboard"" adult contemporary chart. The lead vocalist for

"Bunny Mack"
Bunny Mack Bunny Mack (born Cecil Bunting MacCormack 3 December 1945 – 11 July 2015) was a Sierra Leonean musician, singer, songwriter and performer. He was best known for his song ""Let Me Love You"". Mack was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone. He began playing the harmonica and penny-whistle at the age of six. He made his first public appearance when at the age of eight, and played with friends in the band called The Daverns Bunny Mack rose to fame and became popular in the global music scene after the release of his song ""Let Me Love You"", which

"Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song)"
Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song) ""Let Me Love You"" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, featuring American rapper Lil Wayne from her third studio album ""Dangerous Woman"" (2016). It was written by Thomas Brown, Victoria McCants, Steven Franks, Grande and Wayne, with production being done by Franks and Brown, the latter under the name TB Hits. The song was released as the second promotional single from the album on April 18, 2016. A slow-paced, sultry R&B track, ""Let Me Love You"" features delicate piano chords, electro-beats, smooth, deep bass, trap-lite, hip-hop beats, and interspersed vocals.

they felt like ""old school Lil Wayne."" On April 18, 2016, ""Let Me Love You"" was released as the album's second promotional single from the album. ""Let Me Love You"" was written by Thomas Brown, Victoria McCants, Steven Franks, Ariana Grande and Dwayne Carter. The song was produced by Brown and Franks. It features American rapper Lil Wayne and contains an interpolation of the song ""All the Time"", recorded by Jeremih, Wayne and Natasha Mosley, and produced by Fki. ""Let Me Love You"" is a ""a slow-paced sultry jam"", having a laid back R&B melody, delicate piano chords, electro-beats, smooth,

"Let Me Love You (Mario song)"
Let Me Love You (Mario song) ""Let Me Love You"" is a song by American singer Mario. It was released on November 16, 2004 from his second studio album, ""Turning Point"" (2004). It was written by Ne-Yo, and produced by Scott Storch. The remix of the song, also produced by Storch, contains rapped verses from Jadakiss and T.I.. The song was an instant hit, garnering Mario a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2006. In 2008, it was ranked at number 45 on ""Billboard""s All-Time Top 100 Hot 100 singles during the first 50 years of

Ne-Yo
Ne-Yo Shaffer Chimere Smith (born October 18, 1979), known professionally as Ne-Yo, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor and dancer who gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit ""Let Me Love You"" for singer Mario. The single's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam's label head and the signing of a recording contract. His debut solo single, ""Stay"", was released in 2005 to moderate success. Ne-Yo's debut studio album, ""In My Own Words"" (2006), was critically and commercially successful, reaching number one on the ""Billboard""

"Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)"
Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song) ""Let Me Love You"" is a song recorded by French electronic music producer DJ Snake, taken as the third single from his debut studio album, ""Encore"" (2016). It featured vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The artists co-wrote the song with Andrew Watt, Ali Tamposi, Brian Lee, and Louis Bell, while the song's production was handled by DJ Snake. The song was released on August 5, 2016, through Interscope Records. Its music video was released on YouTube on November 29, 2016. ""Let Me Love You"" is written in the key of C minor

"Let You Love Me"
Let You Love Me ""Let You Love Me"" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, released on 21 September 2018 as the fourth single from her second studio album, ""Phoenix"" (2018). A music video was released on the same day. The song reached the top ten in twelve countries, including the United Kingdom where it peaked at number four. It became Ora's 13th song to reach the UK top ten, thus breaking a record for most top ten songs by a British female solo artist. The accompanying music video for ""Let You Love Me"" was released on YouTube on

making it Mario's biggest hit to date in the UK. The single also holds the honor of being one of the highest-selling ringtones with 1.6 million downloads. The music video was directed by Little X. !scope=""col"" colspan=""3""| Ringtone Let Me Love You (Mario song) ""Let Me Love You"" is a song by American singer Mario. It was released on November 16, 2004 from his second studio album, ""Turning Point"" (2004). It was written by Ne-Yo, and produced by Scott Storch. The remix of the song, also produced by Storch, contains rapped verses from Jadakiss and T.I.. The song was an

"The Divergent Series"
have ever known in order to find a peaceful solution for their embroiled city. Once outside, old discoveries are quickly rendered meaningless with the revelation of shocking new truths. Tris must quickly decide who she can trust as a ruthless battle ignites beyond the walls of Chicago. In order to survive, Tris will be forced to make impossible choices about courage, allegiance, sacrifice and love. A fourth film was initially planned, with a March 2017 release, based on the latter half of the ""Allegiant"" book. The timing was changed to a June 2017 release, with Lee Toland Krieger then attached

"Divergent trilogy"
into the cast were Maggie Q as Tori, Zoe Kravitz as Christina, Ansel Elgort as Caleb, Miles Teller as Peter, Ashley Judd as Natalie Prior, Tony Goldwyn as Andrew Prior, and Jai Courtney as Eric. ""Divergent"" was released on March 21, 2014. """" began filming in Atlanta on May 27, 2014. ""Insurgent"" was released on March 20, 2015. The adaptation of ""Allegiant"" was split into two parts; the first part, ""Allegiant"", was released on March 18, 2016, while the second part, titled ""Ascendant"", was originally planned to be released in June 2017. The big screen release of ""Ascendant"" was shelved

"Divergent (film)"
to be released on March 18, 2016, and ""Part 2"" scheduled to be released on June 9, 2017. On December 5, 2014, it was announced that Robert Schwentke would return to direct ""Part 1"". On September 10, 2015, it was announced that the two films would be re-titled, with ""Part 1"" being renamed as """" and ""Part 2"" as """". On February 8, 2016, it was reported that Robert Schwentke, who directed both ""Insurgent"" and ""Allegiant"", would not return to direct for the final film. Lee Toland Krieger will replace Schwentke as the director of the film. The film is

"The Divergent Series: Allegiant"
sense of growing boredom with a franchise that's gone on too long."" Metacritic gives the film a score of 33 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""B"" on an A+ to F scale. A theatrical sequel, based on the latter half of the ""Allegiant"" book, was originally meant to wrap up the series and was originally planned for a March 24, 2017, release, later a June 9, 2017, release, with Lee Toland Krieger directing after Robert Schwentke backed out. In July 2016, after ""Allegiant""

"The Divergent Series: Insurgent"
writing that, ""many of the other characters here are, by definition, one-dimensional."" Sheri Linden of ""The Hollywood Reporter"" said, ""Even with breathless chases, strong design components and dazzling effects, the story's organizing principle — the faction system that divides society into five groups based on personality — grows less compelling as ""Insurgent"" proceeds."" On April 11, 2014, Summit Entertainment announced that a two-part film based on the final book in the ""Divergent"" trilogy, ""Allegiant"", would be made. The first part, ""The Divergent Series: Allegiant"", would be due for release on March 18, 2016, while the second part, ""The Divergent Series:

script they're acting out"". Scott Mendelson of ""Forbes"" magazine echoed these sentiments, arguing that despite Woodley's excellent performance, ""the generic story reduced a large portion of the mythology to irrelevancy"". Mendelson believed that the film would please the novel's fanbase. On May 7, 2013, Summit Entertainment revealed that a sequel based on ""Insurgent"" was in the works. Brian Duffield, writer of ""Jane Got a Gun"", was hired to write the script. The sequel was released on March 20, 2015. The third film, based on the novel ""Allegiant"", was initially announced as a single film scheduled for release on March 18,

write the script for the film. On December 16, 2013, it was announced that Neil Burger, director of ""Divergent"", would not return to direct ""Insurgent"" as he was still working on the first film. On February 13, 2014, it was announced that Robert Schwentke was offered the director position for the film and that Akiva Goldsman had been hired to re-write Duffield's script. Also in December 2013, Summit Entertainment announced that the film adaptation of ""Allegiant"", the third and final novel in the ""Divergent"" trilogy, would be released in March 2016, serving as the finale of the series, which at

as the movie's director. In July 2016, after the poor performance of the third film at the box office, the producers considered creating the fourth as a television film, which would add new characters to the story who could continue in a spinoff television series, moving beyond the books. In September 2016, Shailene Woodley stated on ""Today"" that the film versus television decision was not finalized, and that it was ""a limbo waiting game"". In the same interview Woodley spoke despairingly of the chances of her returning to the project in a television format, although noting she would be open

was announced that the roles of Tori, Christina, and Caleb had gone to Maggie Q, Zoë Kravitz, and Ansel Elgort, respectively. Ray Stevenson, Jai Courtney and Aaron Eckhart were announced to be in talks to join the cast on March 15, 2013, Stevenson and Courtney joined the cast as Marcus Eaton and Eric, respectively. That same day, Miles Teller was cast as Peter. The studio’s announcement included a bit of casting news: Mekhi Phifer will play Dauntless leader Max. Kate Winslet was announced to be in talks on January 24, 2013. Later it was confirmed that she would portray Jeanine

to returning to it as a theatrical film. In February 2017, with the producers having confirmed that it would be a television project, it was announced that Woodley had backed out of her starring role. In August 2017, Starz and Lionsgate Television announced that they were beginning to develop the TV series with director Lee Toland Krieger and ""The Legend of Tarzan"" writer Adam Cozad remaining attached from the original project. Though the first two films were commercially successful, the series as a whole has not been well received by critics. Each successive film release has been rated lower than

"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead"
in the fashion industry, but proves capable and lucky enough to succeed. Sue Ellen Crandell (Christina Applegate) is a 17-year-old high school graduate who, due to a lack of funds, cannot go to Europe for the summer with her friends. She is about to head to college in the fall. However, when her divorced mother goes on a vacation to Australia with her boyfriend, Sue Ellen looks forward to an entire summer of freedom with her siblings: slacker/stoner Kenny (Keith Coogan), 14-year-old ladies' man Zach (Christopher Pettiet), 13-year-old tomboy Melissa (Danielle Harris), and 11-year-old TV fanatic Walter (Robert Hy Gorman).

Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead is a 1991 American coming-of-age story comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Christina Applegate, Joanna Cassidy, Josh Charles, and David Duchovny. The plot focuses on seventeen-year-old Sue Ellen Crandell, whose mother leaves for a two-month summer vacation in Australia, putting all five siblings in the care of an evil tyrannical elderly babysitter. When the babysitter suddenly dies in her sleep, Sue Ellen assumes the role as head of the household to prevent her mother from returning home early. She fakes a resume to get a job

is currently in the works. As of December 2017, further details are unknown. Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead is a 1991 American coming-of-age story comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Christina Applegate, Joanna Cassidy, Josh Charles, and David Duchovny. The plot focuses on seventeen-year-old Sue Ellen Crandell, whose mother leaves for a two-month summer vacation in Australia, putting all five siblings in the care of an evil tyrannical elderly babysitter. When the babysitter suddenly dies in her sleep, Sue Ellen assumes the role as head of the household to prevent her

to Mrs. Sturak by their mother with their summer money is empty; she had it on her when they delivered her body to the funeral home. With no money to pay the family's bills, Sue Ellen finds work at a fast food restaurant called Clown Dog. Despite a budding relationship with her co-worker named Bryan, she quits because of the obnoxious manager. Sue Ellen then forges a résumé under the guise of a young fashion designer and applies at General Apparel West (GAW), hoping to secure a job as a receptionist. However, Rose Lindsey (Joanna Cassidy), a company executive, finds

"Don't Go to Sleep"
Cramer and Aaron Spelling. Don't go to sleep currently holds an audience score of 67% based on 365 reviews. Don't Go to Sleep Don't Go To Sleep is a 1982 American made-for-television horror film that was produced and directed by Richard Lang. The movie features Dennis Weaver, Valerie Harper, Ruth Gordon, Robert Webber, and youngsters Kristin Cumming, Robin Ignico and Oliver Robins. The film was released in December 10, 1982, received positive reviews and has since gained a cult following. Phillip and Laura are the parents of Kevin and Mary. The family just recently moved from Los Angeles (as seen

Much to Sue Ellen's dismay, her mother hires a live-in babysitter, Mrs. Sturak, a seemingly sweet, humble old woman who assures Mrs. Crandell that she can take care of all five children. As soon as Mrs. Crandell leaves, Mrs. Sturak shows her true colors as an evil tyrant, quickly drawing the ire of the children. However, she later dies of a heart attack. When her body is discovered by Sue Ellen, the children agree to stuff the babysitter in a trunk and drop her off at a local funeral home and keep her car. They discover that the envelope given

Don't Go to Sleep Don't Go To Sleep is a 1982 American made-for-television horror film that was produced and directed by Richard Lang. The movie features Dennis Weaver, Valerie Harper, Ruth Gordon, Robert Webber, and youngsters Kristin Cumming, Robin Ignico and Oliver Robins. The film was released in December 10, 1982, received positive reviews and has since gained a cult following. Phillip and Laura are the parents of Kevin and Mary. The family just recently moved from Los Angeles (as seen in the opening credits) to a house up north in the countryside, bringing along Grandma Bernice, whom nobody in

"Please Don't Eat the Daisies (film)"
insist it's too late for the Hooton Holler Players to get another show ready, so Larry reluctantly gives them permission to proceed, publishing his own review of the show before opening night. Not to be left out of things, Deborah Vaughn decides to strike up a close, personal friendship with Larry, flattering him seductively. Kate's mother Suzie Robinson (Spring Byington) urges her to get Larry back before it's too late. Kate and Larry make up and return to their country home in time for one of the boys to drop a water bomb on them from an upstairs window. According

"Please Don't Eat the Daisies (TV series)"
Please Don't Eat the Daisies (TV series) Please Don't Eat the Daisies is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 14, 1965 to September 2, 1967. The series was based upon the 1957 book by Jean Kerr and 1960 film starring Doris Day and David Niven. The series ran for 58 half-hour episodes and starred Patricia Crowley and Mark Miller. The show also features Dub Taylor, Clint Howard, and Bonnie Franklin for multiple appearances; Ellen Corby had a recurring role as Martha the housekeeper. Robert Vaughn and David McCallum appeared in the ""Say UNCLE"" episode as Napoleon Solo

film, but appeared in TV shows later. A television series starring Patricia Crowley and Mark Miller premiered five years later and ran for 58 episodes. Professor Lawrence Mackay (David Niven) and his wife, Kate (Doris Day), are struggling with four small boys in a tiny, two-bedroom apartment in New York City. Months before, they had announced their intention to move to a larger apartment, but have not been able to find one. Meanwhile, their lease has expired and the landlord has rented out their apartment to someone who insists they vacate immediately. They decide to look for a house in

the outer layer of the skin that contains no blood or nerve supply is the

Skin
stages of cell differentiation to eventually become anucleated. During that process, keratinocytes will become highly organized, forming cellular junctions (desmosomes) between each other and secreting keratin proteins and lipids which contribute to the formation of an extracellular matrix and provide mechanical strength to the skin. Keratinocytes from the stratum corneum are eventually shed from the surface (desquamation). The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion from blood capillaries extending to the upper layers of the dermis. The epidermis and dermis are separated by a thin sheet of fibers called the basement membrane,

Epidermis
Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss. The epidermis is composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that overlie a base layer (stratum basale) composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly. The rows of cells develop from stem cells in the basal layer. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in all layers

Skin
layers of the skin. It forms a protective barrier over the body's surface, responsible for keeping water in the body and preventing pathogens from entering, and is a stratified squamous epithelium, composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are the major cells, constituting 95% of the epidermis, while Merkel cells, melanocytes and Langerhans cells are also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following ""strata"" or layers (beginning with the outermost layer): Keratinocytes in the stratum basale proliferate through mitosis and the daughter cells move up the strata changing shape and composition as they undergo multiple

"Human skin"
underlying basal lamina. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following ""strata"" (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the

the epidermis are keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. The epidermis helps the skin to regulate body temperature. Epidermis is divided into several layers where cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers. They move up the strata changing shape and composition as they differentiate and become filled with keratin. They eventually reach the top layer called ""stratum corneum"" and are sloughed off, or desquamated. This process is called ""keratinization"" and takes place within weeks. The outermost layer of the epidermis consists of 25 to 30 layers of dead cells. Epidermis is divided into the following 5 sublayers

basale layer. The daughter cells (see cell division) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source. The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted. They eventually reach the corneum and slough off (desquamation). This process is called ""keratinization"". This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out, making skin a natural barrier to infection. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up

20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than 1,000 nerve endings. The average human skin cell is about 30 micrometers in diameter, but there are variants. A skin cell usually ranges from 25-40 micrometers (squared), depending on a variety of factors. Skin is composed of three primary layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. Epidermis, ""epi"" coming from the Greek meaning ""over"" or ""upon"", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an

Epidermis
body regions, their numbers remain the same in individual body regions in all human beings. In white and Asian skin the melanosomes are packed in ""aggregates"", but in black skin they are larger and distributed more evenly. The number of melanosomes in the keratinocytes increases with UV radiation exposure, while their distribution remain largely unaffected. Laboratory culture of keratinocytes to form a 3D structure (artificial skin) recapitulating most of the properties of the epidermis is routinely used as a tool for drug development and testing. Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that make up the skin,

the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat. It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the Stratum basale of the epidermis. The dermis is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to

Skin
through a basement membrane and is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to the epidermis, called the ""papillary region"", and a deep thicker area known as the ""reticular region"". The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue.This is named for its fingerlike projections called ""papillae"" that extend toward the epidermis. The papillae provide the dermis with a ""bumpy"" surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin. The reticular region lies deep in the papillary region and is usually much thicker. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue,

"First Battle of Bull Run"
and men; nevertheless, the Confederates, who had been planning to attack the Union left flank, found themselves at an initial disadvantage. Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad, and the course of the battle quickly changed. A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute, Thomas J. Jackson, stood its ground, which resulted in Jackson receiving his famous nickname, ""Stonewall"". The Confederates launched a strong counterattack, and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire, many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout. McDowell's men

army at Centreville by 17 July, but the troops, unaccustomed to marching, moved in starts and stops. Along the route soldiers often broke ranks to wander off to pick apples or blackberries or to get water, regardless of the orders of their officers to remain in ranks. The Confederate Army of the Potomac (21,883 effectives) under Beauregard was encamped near Manassas Junction, approximately 25 miles (40 km) from the United States capital. McDowell planned to attack this numerically inferior enemy army. Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson's 18,000 men engaged Johnston's force (the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives, augmented

smaller Union command was organized and stationed northwest of Washington, near Harper's Ferry. Commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson, 18,000 men of the Department of Pennsylvania protected against a Confederate incursion from the Shenandoah Valley. ""Abstract from the returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia, commanded by Brigadier-General McDowell, U. S. A., for July 16 and 17, 1861."" ""Abstract from return of the Department of Pennsylvania, commanded by Major-General Patterson, June 28, 1861."" ""Abstract front field return, First Corps (Army of the Potomac), July 21, 1861."" ""[Dated September 25, 1861.]"" ""Abstract from monthly report of Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's

at an unguarded ford and struck the right flank of the Confederate defenders. This surprise attack, coupled with pressure from Burnside and Maj. George Sykes, collapsed the Confederate line shortly after 11:30 a.m., sending them in a disorderly retreat to Henry House Hill. As they retreated from their Matthews Hill position, the remainder of Evans's, Bee's, and Bartow's commands received some cover from Capt. John D. Imboden and his battery of four 6-pounder guns, who held off the Union advance while the Confederates attempted to regroup on Henry House Hill. They were met by generals Johnston and Beauregard, who had

tide of battle. Although McDowell had brought 15 regiments into the fight on the hill, outnumbering the Confederates two to one, no more than two were ever engaged simultaneously. Jackson continued to press his attacks, telling soldiers of the 4th Virginia Infantry, ""Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards! Then fire and give them the bayonet! And when you charge, yell like furies!"" For the first time, Union troops heard the disturbing sound of the Rebel yell. At about 4 p.m., the last Union troops were pushed off Henry House Hill by a charge of two regiments from

just arrived from Johnston's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm, ""Portici"". Fortunately for the Confederates, McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately, choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts. James B. Ricketts (Battery I, 1st U.S. Artillery) and Charles Griffin (Battery D, 5th U.S.) from Dogan's Ridge. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon, accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton's Legion, and Col. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry. The Hampton Legion, some 600 men strong, managed to buy Jackson time

division to lead the march on 21 July thus delaying the flanking divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman; and the 2 1/2-hour delay after the Union victory on Matthews' Hill, which allowed the Confederates to bring up reinforcements and establish a defensive position on Henry Hill. On Henry Hill Beauregard had also limited his control to the regimental level, generally allowing the battle to continue on its own and only reacting to Union moves. Johnston's decision to transport his infantry to the battlefield by rail played a major role in the Confederate victory. Although the trains were slow and a lack

Col. Philip St. George Cocke's brigade. To the west, Chinn Ridge had been occupied by Col. Oliver Otis Howard's brigade from Heintzelman's division. Also at 4 p.m., two Confederate brigades-Col. Jubal Early's, which had moved from the Confederate right, and Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith's (commanded by Col. Arnold Elzey after Smith was wounded), which had just arrived from the Shenandoah Valley—crushed Howard's brigade. Beauregard ordered his entire line forward. At 5 p.m. everywhere McDowell's army was disintegrating. Thousands, in large and small groups or as individuals, began to leave the battlefield and head for Centreville. McDowell rode around the

blue uniforms, causing Griffin's commander, Maj. William F. Barry, to mistake them for Union troops and to order Griffin not to fire on them. Close range volleys from the 33rd Virginia and Stuart's cavalry attack against the flank of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Ellsworth's Fire Zouaves), which was supporting the battery, killed many of the gunners and scattered the infantry. Capitalizing on this success, Jackson ordered two regiments to charge Ricketts's guns and they were captured as well. As additional Federal infantry engaged, the guns changed hands several times. The capture of the Union guns turned the

When the Union army was driven back in a running disorder, the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages. Since their combined army had been left highly disorganized as well, Beauregard and Johnston did not fully press their advantage, despite urging from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, who had arrived on the battlefield to see the Union soldiers retreating. An attempt by Johnston to intercept the Union troops from his right flank, using the brigades of Brig. Gens. Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet, was a failure. The two commanders squabbled with each

"Coastline of Brazil"
Coastline of Brazil The coastline of Brazil measures 7,491 km, which makes it the 16th longest national coastline of the world. All the coast lies adjacent to geographical features can be found all through the coastal areas, like islands, reefs and bays. The beaches of Brazil (2095 in total) are famous in the world and receive a great number of tourists. A famous expression in Brazil is ""from Oiapoque to Chuí"", which means from the extreme south to the extreme north of the country. However, the actual northernmost point in Brazil is the Monte Caburaí in the far from the

of Santa Vitória do Palmar. A few kilometers to the north lies the Praia do Cassino, which is 245 km long (though other sources measure it as 212 km long). It is considered (especially by those within the country) to be the longest beach in the world, although other beaches around the globe are also put forward as the record holders. Nevertheless, it is indeed the longest in Brazil. Florianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina, is located at one of the largest coastal islands of Brazil, the Ilha de Santa Catarina, with an area of 424,4 km². The Serra do

"Coastline of the United Kingdom"
has a fractal dimension of 1.13, and that of South Africa is 1.02. As a result of this shape and the number of islands, the coastline of the UK is longer than that of similar sized countries. For example, the coastline of Italy is around 9,226 km in length, France 7,330 km and Spain 7,268 km. Greece, which has a large number of islands similar to the UK, has a coastline of around 15,147 km. This means the UK has a relatively high coast/area ratio. Nowhere in the UK is more than from the coast. It is estimated that around

outflow of the Amazon river is so strong that the ocean waters in the north and northeast faces of the island have almost no salt. Amapá's coastline is almost 600 km long, but there are only three beaches: Fazendinha, Boca do Inferno and Goiabal. The coastline of Brazil ends at Cape Orange, in the city of Oiapoque. Coastline of Brazil The coastline of Brazil measures 7,491 km, which makes it the 16th longest national coastline of the world. All the coast lies adjacent to geographical features can be found all through the coastal areas, like islands, reefs and bays. The

regarded as the first place in which Pedro Álvares Cabral, discoverer of Brazil, set foot. Salvador was the first capital of Brazil, and still boasts well-preserved buildings of the colonial and imperial periods of Brazil. From Sergipe to Ceará, the landscape changes little. The majority of the coastal areas have few or no mountains, whereas most of the islands are separated from the continent only by narrow channels. Temperatures are rather warm during most of the year, with moderate winds blowing frequently. Piauí has a coastline of only some 60 km, the shortest of the country. Four cities (Cajueiro da

coast state of Roraima, whereas the southernmost point is in Santa Vitória do Palmar, the city from which Chuí emancipated. Out of the 26 Brazilian states, 9 are landlocked, as well as the Distrito Federal. Most of the 17 coastal states have their capitals lying near the coast, exceptions being Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul), Curitiba (Paraná), São Paulo (São Paulo), Teresina (Piauí), Belém (Pará) and Macapá (Amapá). Porto Alegre, Belém, Teresina and Macapá lie all near large navigable rivers, though. The southernmost point of Brazil is located near the sea, at the border with Uruguay, within the municipality

"Borders of the oceans"
Bight and the Tasman Sea were moved northwards. The IHO readdressed the question of the Southern Ocean in a survey in 2000. Of its 68 member nations, 28 responded, and all responding members except Argentina agreed to redefine the ocean, reflecting the importance placed by oceanographers on ocean currents. The proposal for the name ""Southern Ocean"" won 18 votes, beating the alternative ""Antarctic Ocean"". Half of the votes supported a definition of the ocean's northern limit at 60°S (with no land interruptions at this latitude), with the other 14 votes cast for other definitions, mostly 50°S, but a few for

Coast
a lifestyle similar to that of plants. Mangroves, seagrasses and salt marsh are important coastal vegetation types in tropical and temperate environments respectively. Shortly before 1951, Lewis Fry Richardson, in researching the possible effect of border lengths on the probability of war, noticed that the Portuguese reported their measured border with Spain to be 987 km, but the Spanish reported it as 1214 km. This was the beginning of the coastline problem, which is a mathematical uncertainty inherent in the measurement of boundaries that are irregular. The prevailing method of estimating the length of a border (or coastline) was to

the country are not taken into account). The state of Rio de Janeiro's coastline is remarkable for the worldwide known beaches in the capital city, like Ipanema and Copacabana. Also, the state features the Campos Basin, the largest petroleum rich area in Brazil, measuring 100,000 km² and producing 1.49 million barrels of oil every day. The basin extends to the coastline of Espírito Santo. 1,200 km east of Vitória, in Espírito Santo, lie the islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz. Bahia has the longest coastline of the Brazilian states, and also the greatest number of coastal municipalities. Porto Seguro is

"Geography of Peru"
Geography of Peru Peru is a country on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean. It lies wholly in the Southern Hemisphere, its northernmost extreme reaching to 1.8 minutes of latitude or about south of the equator. Peru shares land borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile, with its longest land border shared with Brazil. Area: <br>Peru has a total land area of 1,279,999 km² and a total water area of 5,220 km². Maritime claims: <br>""continental shelf:"" <br>""territorial sea:"" Land use: <br>Only 3% of Peru's land is arable, with 0.5% being suitable for permanent crops.

"Battle of the Sexes (tennis)"
Battle of the Sexes (tennis) In tennis, ""Battle of the Sexes"" is a term that has been used to describe various exhibition matches played between a man and a woman (or, in one case, a doubles match between two men and two women). Most famously, the term is used for a nationally televised match in 1973, held at the Houston Astrodome, between 55-year-old Bobby Riggs and 29-year-old Billie Jean King, which King won in three sets. The match attracted massive attention and was viewed by an estimated 90 million people around the world. King's win is considered a milestone in

but I don't recall who it was."" Former NCAA champion Phil Neer played a two-set match against Helen Wills on January 28, 1933, in San Francisco. Neer had been ranked nationally as high as No. 20 and had occasionally played mixed doubles with Wills. Wills had won at Wimbledon the year prior. Though Neer was only 32, Wills won the match 6–3, 6–4. October 26, 1975 a ""Challenge of the Sexes"" event was held in Mission Viejo, CA televised on CBS. It involved male and female athletes from various sports, such as Laura Baugh and Jane Blalock vs. Hale Irwin

public acceptance of women's tennis. Two other matches commonly referred to as a ""battle of the sexes"" include a match held four months earlier in 1973 between Riggs and Margaret Court, over the best of three sets, and one in 1992 between Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova, over the best of three sets and hybrid rules favoring the female player, dubbed ""The Battle of Champions"". At least eight other exhibition matches have been played between notable male and female tennis players, starting in 1888, though only some of them were referred to at the time as a ""battle of the

4:1. According to Connors' book ""The Outsider"", he placed a million-dollar bet that he would lose no more than eight games. In 1888, the Wimbledon's men's champion, Ernest Renshaw, played a handicap match against the ladies' champion, Lottie Dod, where Dod was starting each game with a 30–0 advantage. The match was played in Exmouth, England, and ended with Renshaw's victory—2–6, 7–5, 7–5. On May 27, 1921 Bill Tilden and Suzanne Lenglen played a match at Saint Cloud, France. It was only a single set but Tilden prevailed 6–0. When later asked about the match, Lenglen said, ""Someone won 6–0,

the sexes"" match between McEnroe and Williams. McEnroe said he would face Williams but that Trump was not offering a big enough payout. McEnroe said that he believed he could defeat Williams in a tennis match. Battle of the Sexes (tennis) In tennis, ""Battle of the Sexes"" is a term that has been used to describe various exhibition matches played between a man and a woman (or, in one case, a doubles match between two men and two women). Most famously, the term is used for a nationally televised match in 1973, held at the Houston Astrodome, between 55-year-old Bobby

taunted all female tennis players, prompting King to accept a lucrative financial offer to play Riggs in a nationally televised match in prime time on ABC that the promoters dubbed the ""Battle of the Sexes."" The match, which had a winner-take-all prize of $100,000 ($ today), was held in Texas at the Houston Astrodome on Thursday, September 20, 1973. Then 29-year-old King had earned her fifth year-end ranking as World No. 1 female player the previous year, and would finish second to Court in 1973. King entered the court in the style of Cleopatra, on a feather-adorned litter carried by

match 'war.' Navratilova, on the other hand, called it a battle of egos. A pay-per-view telecast, the match was played on Friday night, September 25, under hybrid rules to make it more competitive; Connors was allowed only one serve per point, and Navratilova was allowed to hit into half of the doubles alleys. Each player received a $650,000 guarantee, with a further $500,000 for the winner. Connors won 7–5, 6–2, as Navratilova made eight double faults and 36 unforced errors. Connors, too, was nervous and there was a rumor that he had placed a bet on himself to win at

place during the 1998 Australian Open between Karsten Braasch and the Williams sisters. Venus and Serena Williams had claimed that they could beat any male player ranked outside the world's top 200, so Braasch, then ranked 203rd, challenged them both. Braasch was described by one journalist as ""a man whose training regime centered around a pack of cigarettes and more than a couple bottles of ice cold lager"". The matches took place on court number 12 in Melbourne Park, after Braasch had finished a round of golf and two shandies. He first took on Serena and after leading 5–0, beat

donned a dress for much of the match. He played predominantly trick shots and slices, but still ended up winning 4–6, 6–4, 7–6. In October 2013, Novak Djokovic and Li Na played a light-hearted exhibition mini set in Beijing, China to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the China Open. Djokovic clowned to the amusement of the crowd, and at one point swapped places with a ballboy. Li was given a 30–0 advantage at the start of each service game, and she went on to win 3–2. In 2013, Andy Murray responded to a Twitter user who asked whether he would

and Doug Sanders in golf, and Jerry West vs. Karen Logan in basketball. The tennis event pitted future Wimbledon champion Virginia Wade vs. Björn Borg, and Nastase vs. Evonne Goolagong. A single set was played where the men were limited to one serve and the women had the added area of the alleys for shot placement. Borg, Wade, and Goolagong entered the court in standard attire and demeanor, while Nastase entered wearing a dress. With Martina Navratilova also in the packed audience, Borg defeated Wade 6–3, but Goolagong defeated Nastase 7–5. On August 23, 1985, at age 67, Riggs returned

"Brown v. Board of Education"
Earl Warren, nominated to the Supreme Court by President Eisenhower, echoed Douglas's concerns in a 1954 speech to the American Bar Association, proclaiming that ""Our American system like all others is on trial both at home and abroad, ... the extent to which we maintain the spirit of our constitution with its Bill of Rights, will in the long run do more to make it both secure and the object of adulation than the number of hydrogen bombs we stockpile."" In 1951, a class action suit was filed against the Board of Education of the City of Topeka, Kansas in

Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision effectively overturned the ""Plessy v. Ferguson"" decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that ""separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."" As a result, ""de jure"" racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection

Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter were mostly responsible for the Supreme Court's decision, and stated that the NAACP's arguments did not present strong evidence. Elman has been criticized for offering a self-aggrandizing history of the case, omitting important facts, and denigrating the work of civil rights attorneys who had laid the groundwork for the decision over many decades. However, Frankfurter was also known for being one of court's most outspoken advocates of the judicial restraint philosophy of basing court rulings on existing law rather than personal or political considerations. Public officials in the United States today are nearly unanimous in lauding

to the benefit of the African-American community; Tom C. Clark wrote that ""we had led the states on to think segregation is OK and we should let them work it out."" Felix Frankfurter and Robert H. Jackson disapproved of segregation, but were also opposed to judicial activism and expressed concerns about the proposed decision's enforceability. Chief Justice Vinson had been a key stumbling block. After Vinson died in September 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as Chief Justice. Warren had supported the integration of Mexican-American students in California school systems following ""Mendez v. Westminster"". However, Eisenhower invited Earl

Warren to a White House dinner, where the president told him: ""These [southern whites] are not bad people. All they are concerned about is to see that their sweet little girls are not required to sit in school alongside some big overgrown Negroes."" Nevertheless, the Justice Department sided with the African American plaintiffs. In his reading of the unanimous decision, Justice Warren noted the adverse psychological effects that segregated schools had on African American children. ""Brown""'s cite of the Kenneth and Mamie Doll Study was criticized by Justice Clarence Thomas in a later concurring opinion for implying black inferiority. According

who spearheaded the 14th Amendment were in favor of desegregated southern schools. Evidence supporting this interpretation of the 14th amendment has come from archived Congressional records showing that proposals for federal legislation which would enforce school integration were debated in Congress a few years following the amendment's ratification. The case also has attracted some criticism from more liberal authors, including some who say that Chief Justice Warren's reliance on psychological criteria to find a harm against segregated blacks was unnecessary. For example, Drew S. Days has written: ""we have developed criteria for evaluating the constitutionality of racial classifications that do

Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. However, the decision's fourteen pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in ""Brown II"" () only ordered states to desegregate ""with all deliberate speed"". For much of the sixty years preceding the ""Brown"" case, race relations in the United States had been dominated by racial segregation. This policy had been endorsed

that the black students be admitted to the white high school due to the substantial harm of segregation and the differences that made the separate schools unequal. The NAACP's chief counsel, Thurgood Marshall—who was later appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1967—argued the case before the Supreme Court for the plaintiffs. Assistant attorney general Paul Wilson—later distinguished emeritus professor of law at the University of Kansas—conducted the state's ambivalent defense in his first appellate argument. In December 1952, the Justice Department filed a friend of the court brief in the case. The brief was unusual in its heavy emphasis

protest, began when 16-year-old Barbara Rose Johns organized and led a 450-student walkout of Moton High School. The ""Gebhart"" case was the only one where a trial court, affirmed by the Delaware Supreme Court, found that discrimination was unlawful; in all the other cases the plaintiffs had lost as the original courts had found discrimination to be lawful. The Kansas case was unique among the group in that there was no contention of gross inferiority of the segregated schools' physical plant, curriculum, or staff. The district court found substantial equality as to all such factors. The lower court, in its

Clark assisted by June Shagaloff. This aspect was vital because the question was not whether the schools were ""equal"", which under ""Plessy"" they nominally should have been, but whether the doctrine of ""separate"" was constitutional. The justices answered with a strong ""no"": [D]oes segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ""tangible"" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. ... ""Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored

"Optic nerve"
Optic nerve The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves and is technically part of the

(dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. Fiber tracts of the mammalian central nervous system (as opposed to the peripheral nervous system) are incapable of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells. Each human optic nerve contains between 770,000 and 1.7 million nerve fibers, which are axons

(which is the part within the orbit). 3. intracanicular part (which is the part within a bony canal known as the optic canal); and, 4. cranial part (the part within the cranial cavity, which ends at the optic chiasm). From the lateral geniculate body, fibers of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. In more specific terms, fibers carrying information from the contralateral superior visual field traverse Meyer's loop to terminate in the lingual gyrus below the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe, and fibers carrying information from the contralateral inferior visual

"Optic radiation"
examination. Optic radiation The optic radiation (also known as the geniculocalcarine tract, the geniculostriate pathway, and posterior thalamic radiation) are axons from the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the visual cortex (also called ""striate cortex"") along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. If a lesion only exists in one optic radiation, the consequence is called quadrantanopia,

of the retinal ganglion cells of one retina. In the fovea, which has high acuity, these ganglion cells connect to as few as 5 photoreceptor cells; in other areas of retina, they connect to many thousand photoreceptors. The optic nerve leaves the orbit (eye socket) via the optic canal, running postero-medially towards the optic chiasm, where there is a partial decussation (crossing) of fibres from the temporal visual fields (the nasal hemi-retina) of both eyes. The proportion of decussating fibers varies between species, and is correlated with the degree of binocular vision enjoyed by a species. Most of the axons

Optic radiation The optic radiation (also known as the geniculocalcarine tract, the geniculostriate pathway, and posterior thalamic radiation) are axons from the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the visual cortex (also called ""striate cortex"") along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. If a lesion only exists in one optic radiation, the consequence is called quadrantanopia, which

space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53% of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. Most of these fibres terminate in the lateral geniculate body. Based on this anatomy, the optic nerve may be divided in the four parts as indicated in the image at the top of this section (this view is from above as if you were looking into the orbit after the top of the skull had been removed): 1. the optic head (which is where it begins in the eyeball (globe) with fibers from the retina; 2. orbital part

Retina
two of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ganglion cell axons to the brain, and the blood vessels that supply the retina. The ganglion cells lie innermost in the eye while the photoreceptive cells lie beyond. Because of this counter-intuitive arrangement, light must first pass through and around the ganglion cells and through the thickness of the retina, (including its capillary vessels, not shown) before reaching the rods and cones. Light is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroid (both of which are opaque). The white blood cells in the capillaries in front

"Optic disc"
Optic disc The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina. The optic disc in a

"Retinal ganglion cell"
several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain. Retinal ganglion cells vary significantly in terms of their size, connections, and responses to visual stimulation but they all share the defining property of having a long axon that extends into the brain. These axons form the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract. A small percentage of retinal ganglion cells contribute little or nothing to vision, but are themselves photosensitive; their axons form the retinohypothalamic tract and contribute to circadian rhythms and pupillary light reflex, the resizing of the pupil. The six types of retinal neurons are bipolar cells,

"Word of Wisdom"
abiding by the recommendations and prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom was not considered mandatory: it explicitly declares itself to be ""not by commandment or constraint"". In February 1834, however, Joseph Smith proposed a resolution before the high council of the church that stated, ""No official member in this Church is worthy to hold an office after having the word of wisdom properly taught him; and he, the official member, neglecting to comply with and obey it."" This resolution was accepted unanimously by the council. In 1842, Smith's brother Hyrum, who was the Assistant President of the Church and its

Despite what was reported, the Church revelation spelling out health practices (Doctrine and Covenants 89) does not mention the use of caffeine. The Church’s health guidelines prohibits alcoholic drinks, smoking or chewing of tobacco, and ""hot drinks""—taught by Church leaders to refer specifically to tea and coffee. In the past, a number of church leaders have discouraged the use of such products. For example, in 1922, church president Heber J. Grant counseled the Latter-day Saints: I am not going to give any command, but I will ask it as a personal, individual favor to me, to let coca-cola alone. There

used sparingly"", and that ""it is pleasing unto [God] that they should not be used, only in times of winter, or of cold, or famine."" Unlike the injunctions against tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks, however, compliance with this injunction has never been made mandatory. Many LDS Church leaders have expressed their views on the subject of meat. In 1868, church president Brigham Young counseled, ""Flesh should be used sparingly, in famine and in cold."" In 1868, apostle George Q. Cannon said, ""We are told that flesh of any kind is not suitable to man in the summer time, and ought

Society general president Emmeline B. Wells drank coffee; and church president George Albert Smith drank brandy for medicinal purposes. In 1921, church president Heber J. Grant made adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom an absolute requirement for entering the temple. Today, adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom is required for baptism and for entry into temples of the LDS Church. BYU historian Thomas G. Alexander points out that while the original Word of Wisdom as a ""principle with promise"" was given by revelation, there is no evidence that any church leader has claimed a

Word of Wisdom The ""Word of Wisdom"" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book considered by many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God. It is also the name of a health code based on this scripture, practiced most strictly by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Mormon fundamentalists, and to a lesser extent, some other Latter Day Saint denominations. In the LDS Church, compliance with the Word of Wisdom is currently a prerequisite for baptism, service in full-time missionary work, attendance

was first published as a stand-alone broadsheet in December 1833. In 1835, it was included as section 89 in the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. The revelation contains four parts: The introduction and explanation as presented by Smith is: A Word of Wisdom, for the benefit of the council of high priests, assembled in Kirtland, and the church, and also the saints in Zion— To be sent greeting; not by commandment or constraint, but by revelation and the word of wisdom, showing forth the order and will of God in the temporal salvation of all saints in the

1948 LDS general conference address, apostle Joseph F. Merrill emphasized the importance of not eating meat as ""freely as many Americans are doing"". In 1950, apostle and plant scientist John A. Widtsoe wrote, in relation to meat consumption, ""they who wish to be well and gain the promised reward stated in the Word of Wisdom must obey all of the law, not just part of it as suits their whim or their appetite, or their notion of its meaning."" As recently as 2012, official church spokesperson Michael Otterson stated ""the church has also encouraged limiting meat consumption in favor of

adding additional unauthorized requirements, emphasizing it with excess zeal, or making it a ""gospel hobby"" is a sign of spiritual immaturity and sometimes apostasy. The prohibition of ""wine or strong drink"" is widely interpreted as a blanket prohibition of all alcoholic beverages, regardless of the level of alcoholic content of the drink. Generally, members of the church view the prohibition on ""hot drinks"" as covering coffee and tea, whether or not the drinks are hot. There is generally thought to be no prohibition against drinking boiling or hot water, herbal tea, hot chocolate, coffee substitutes such as Postum or malt

at church schools, and entry into the church's temples; however, violation of the code is not considered to be grounds for excommunication or other disciplinary action. The text discourages ""strong drink"" and wine (in some cases this includes sacramental wine which has been replaced with sacramental water in some sects), the non-medicinal use of tobacco, ""hot drinks"", and meat used more than ""sparingly"". The scripture also recommends the consumption of herbs, fruits, and grains, as well as grain-based ""mild drinks"". As practiced by the LDS Church, there is no firm restriction relating to meat consumption, but all alcoholic beverages are

forbidden, including beer. The LDS Church currently interprets ""hot drinks"" to mean coffee and tea. According to Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, the Word of Wisdom was received in 1833 as a revelation from God. After Smith's death, Brigham Young stated that the revelation was given in response to problems encountered while conducting meetings in the Smith family home: When they assembled together in this room after breakfast, the first they did was to light their pipes, and, while smoking, talk about the great things of the kingdom, and spit all over the room, and

"Origin of Superman"
in the rural United States, where it is found by a passing motorist. Jonathan and Martha Kent adopt Kal-El and name him Clark Kent. As Clark grows up on Earth, he and his adoptive parents discover that he has superhuman powers. The Kents teach Clark to use these powers responsibly to help others and fight crime. Clark keeps his powers secret in order to protect his family and friends, who might be endangered by his criminal enemies. In order to use his powers to help humanity, Clark creates the alter ego of Superman. A number of elements are added to

Origin of Superman The origin of Superman is the story that relates Superman's arrival on Earth and the beginnings of his career as a superhero. The story has been through many revisions through decades of publication in comic books and radio, television and film adaptations. The original story was written by Jerry Siegel and illustrated by Joe Shuster, and published as a part of the character's first appearance in ""Action Comics"" #1 (June 1938). As more stories were published, more details about the original story were established. These stories explored individual details, such as the planet Krypton, the source of

Superman
Superman Superman is a fictional superhero created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster. He first appeared in ""Action Comics"" #1, a comic book published on April 18, 1938. He appears regularly in American comic books published by DC Comics, and has been adapted to radio shows, newspaper strips, television shows, movies, and video games. Superman was born on the planet Krypton, and as a baby named Kal-El, was sent to Earth in a small spaceship by his scientist father Jor-El, moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, where he

written and published early in his career, where a Martian scientist sent his infant daughter into space to save her from their planet's destruction. Superman carries some similarities to Hugo Danner, the main character in the novel ""Gladiator"" by Philip Wylie. Danner's great strength comes from a serum injected into him by his father while still a fetus which gave him the proportional strength of an insect. The scientific explanation for the source of Superman's powers published in ""Action Comics"" #1 also compared Superman's great strength to an ant's ability to carry hundreds of times its own weight and a

of the Warsaw Pact."" In "","" Kal-El is found by Thomas and Martha Wayne, who decide to adopt the baby and name him Bruce. After Thomas and Martha are gunned down by a mugger, Bruce reacts by burning the mugger with his heat vision and discovers his superpowers. Years later, he decides to create a secret identity for himself as the Batman and starts to brutally strike back at the criminals in Gotham City. In "","" the Kents do not discover the spacecraft because their truck's tire was punctured by a nail. Kal-El is found and adopted by an Amish

Superman
was discovered and adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, a farming couple. They named him Clark. Clark displayed various superhuman abilities such as incredible strength and impervious skin, and his foster parents advised him to use his gifts for the benefit of humanity. Clark Kent resides in the fictional American city of Metropolis, where he works as a journalist for the ""Daily Planet"", a newspaper. To protect his privacy, he changes into a colorful costume and uses the alias ""Superman"" when fighting crime. Superman's love interest is his fellow journalist Lois Lane, and his classic archenemy is the genius inventor

save his family, if nobody else. But Jor-El was only able to save his son. For the tenth anniversary in 1948 of Superman's debut, ""Superman"" #53 retold the origin story, compiling and expanding upon previous versions, though the story does not acknowledge the adventures of Superboy. This story establishes the Kents as farmers and that ""Clark"" is a family name. Before Clark's adopted father dies, he tells Clark that he must use his powers to become a force for good. Clark's father calls Clark a ""Super-Man,"" inspiring Clark to use the name. Superman discovered his alien origins for the first

"Superman (Earth-One)"
details on the Earth-One Superman's origin and childhood/teenage years, see Superboy (Kal-El)."" The Earth-One Superman's origin story was retold in various stories; the most prominent retellings were in ""Superman"" (volume 1) #146 (July 1961), ""Limited Collectors' Edition"" #C-31 (November–December 1974), and ""Action Comics"" #500 (October 1979). As recounted in these retellings, Superman was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton. Upon learning of Krypton's imminent destruction, his father Jor-El and mother Lara sent Kal-El in an experimental rocket to Earth moments before the planet exploded. Landing outside of the town of Smallville, Kal-El was found and adopted by an elderly farm

"Superman: Birthright"
looks back on his childhood in Smallville when a young Lex arrived in town. Lex was a quiet genius, but his intelligence alienated him from everyone around him. Lex's parents were unloving and ruthlessly trained him to become the next Einstein. Clark muses that ""they were underestimating him"". Despite his contemptuous exterior, Lex warmed to Clark when he discovered they shared a common interest: astronomy. Unfortunately, Lex was so ""fundamentally disturbed"" that he started spending increasing amounts of time locked in his makeshift laboratory next to the Luthor mansion. During one of these periods of seclusion, Clark visited Lex, who

Superman's origin in the comics in Superman #61, published in 1949. Fleischer Studios presented the origin in the first of the Superman animated cartoons. Titled simply ""Superman,"" (also referred to as ""The Mad Scientist""), the animated short begins with a brief prologue that introduces Krypton as an advanced civilization that had brought forth a race of supermen, whose mental and physical powers were developed to the absolute peak of human perfection. When giant quakes threaten to destroy Krypton forever, one of the planet's leading scientists places his infant son in a rocket bound for Earth. A passing motorist finds the

"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)"
I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) ""I Can Only Imagine"" (sometimes shortened to ""Imagine"") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album ""The Worship Project"", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major-label debut album ""Almost There"" as

Dennis Quaid. The film was released on March 16, 2018. I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) ""I Can Only Imagine"" (sometimes shortened to ""Imagine"") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album ""The Worship Project"", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and

as a wake-up call for Barry E. Wilmore during STS-129. The original version of ""I Can Only Imagine"" was a track on MercyMe's 1999 independent release ""The Worship Project"". In August 2006, both an acoustic and live form (as well as the original 1999 version) were included in the 'Platinum edition' of ""Almost There"". MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their ""iTunes Originals"" album. In 2009, two further variants were included on their compilation album ""10""; a 'symphony version' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra, and a live version. ""I Can Only Imagine"" has also been covered by several

artists. In 2002 Amy Grant released a reworked version of the song (titled ""Imagine"" and paired with ""Sing the Wondrous Love of Jesus"") on her album, ""Legacy... Hymns and Faith"". In 2003, Jeff Carson and Kathryn Scott each issued variants of the song; Carson's version peaked at No. 50 on the Country Songs chart. In 2005 Wynonna Judd issued her form of the song; while in 2007 Emerson Drive provided theirs. The song was covered again in 2010 by Marie Osmond and in 2013 by gospel artist Tamela Mann. The song was performed live by Garwin Dobbins, a man struggling

is set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B–G. The song opens up with only a piano, and builds up to include guitar and drums. Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song. The song was produced by Pete Kipley, who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James, Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster. The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to

be standing before God. Regarding this theme, Millard explained to Fox News that ""I was always told that if he could choose, he would rather be in Heaven than here with me. As a Christian I believed that, but as an 18-year-old it was a little hard to swallow. So the questions in the song came from me asking God what was so great about Him that my dad would rather be there."" ""I Can Only Imagine"" was re-recorded for their major-label debut record ""Almost There"" and released as its lead single in 2001. The album was recorded in various

Imagine"" earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 200 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone. ""I Can Only Imagine"" was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe. Bart Millard, the band's vocalist, lost his father, Arthur Wesley Millard Jr., in 1991. Millard was 18

"I Can Only Imagine (David Guetta song)"
I Can Only Imagine (David Guetta song) ""I Can Only Imagine"" is a song performed by French DJ David Guetta, featuring vocals from American singer Chris Brown and rapper Lil Wayne, from Guetta's fifth studio album ""Nothing but the Beat"". It was released as the sixth single from the album on April 23, 2012. Prior to its official release, the song charted in the lower regions of the charts in Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Guetta, Brown and Wayne performed the song live for the first time at the 54th Grammy Awards on February

at the time. Millard began writing the words ""I can only imagine"" on items when he was thinking about his father. During the recording of the band's 1999 independent album ""The Worship Project"", MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album. Millard, alone on a bus in the middle of the night, finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven. Millard attests that ""['I Can Only Imagine'] is one of the only songs I have ever written where there wasn't any

"Lead–acid battery"
to 167 watt-hours per kilogram of reactants, but a lead–acid cell in practice gives only 30–40 watt-hours per kilogram of battery, due to the mass of the water and other constituent parts. In the fully charged state, the negative plate consists of lead, and the positive plate lead dioxide, with the electrolyte of concentrated sulfuric acid, which stores most of the chemical energy. Overcharging with high charging voltages generates oxygen and hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water, which is lost to the cell. The design of some types of lead-acid battery allow the electrolyte level to be inspected and topped

the battery's operating temperature range. In the absorbed glass mat design, or AGM for short, the separators between the plates are replaced by a glass fibre mat soaked in electrolyte. There is only enough electrolyte in the mat to keep it wet, and if the battery is punctured the electrolyte will not flow out of the mats. Principally the purpose of replacing liquid electrolyte in a flooded battery with a semi-saturated fiberglass mat is to substantially increase the gas transport through the separator; Hydrogen or Oxygen gas produced during overcharge or charge (if the charge current is excessive) is able

studs, formerly of glass or ceramic, and now of plastic. In AGM cells, the separator is the glass mat itself, and the rack of plates with separators are squeezed together before insertion into the cell; once in the cell, the glass mats expand slightly, effectively locking the plates in place. In multi-cell batteries, the cells are then connected to one another in series, either through connectors through the cell walls, or by a bridge over the cell walls. All intra-cell and inter-cell connections are of the same lead alloy as that used in the grids. This is necessary to prevent

popular in stationary applications such as telecommunications sites, due to their small footprint and installation flexibility. The electrical characteristics of VRLA batteries differ somewhat from wet-cell lead–acid batteries, requiring caution in charging and discharging. Lead–acid batteries lose the ability to accept a charge when discharged for too long due to ""sulfation"", the crystallization of lead sulfate. They generate electricity through a double sulfate chemical reaction. Lead and lead dioxide, the active materials on the battery's plates, react with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to form lead sulfate. The lead sulfate first forms in a finely divided, amorphous state, and easily

Lead–acid battery The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, its ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells have a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by automobile starter motors. As they are inexpensive compared to newer technologies, lead–acid batteries are widely used even when surge current is not important and other designs could

weight of an automotive-type lead–acid battery rated around 60 A·h 19.2 pounds of a 32 pound (8.7 kg of a 14.5 kg) battery is lead or internal parts made of lead; the balance is electrolyte, separators, and the case. Separators between the positive and negative plates prevent short-circuit through physical contact, mostly through dendrites (""treeing""), but also through shedding of the active material. Separators allow the flow of ions between the plates of an Electro-chemical cell to form a closed circuit. Wood, rubber, glass fiber mat, cellulose, and PVC or polyethylene plastic have been used to make separators. Wood was

no peer-reviewed publications verifying their claims. Sulfation prevention remains the best course of action, by periodically fully charging the lead-acid batteries. A typical lead–acid battery contains a mixture with varying concentrations of water and acid. Sulfuric acid has a higher density than water, which causes the acid formed at the plates during charging to flow downward and collect at the bottom of the battery. Eventually the mixture will again reach uniform composition by diffusion, but this is a very slow process. Repeated cycles of partial charging and discharging will increase stratification of the electrolyte, reducing the capacity and performance of

Surplus ammonia and water evaporate, leaving an ammonium sulfate residue. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is also commonly used for this purpose. With the broad range of possible electrical attributes, a part number nomenclature is used by many battery manufacturers to convey basic information such as voltage, ampere-hour capacity, and terminals. The format follows a pattern such as <mfr><voltage><capacity>. Some vendors append a suffix, indicating the terminal types, terminal locations, and battery dimensions. Batteries for passenger motor vehicles usually use BCI sizing nomenclature. Lead–acid battery The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest

up with any water that has been lost. Due to the freezing-point depression of the electrolyte, as the battery discharges and the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases, the electrolyte is more likely to freeze during winter weather when discharged. During discharge, produced at the negative plates moves into the electrolyte solution and then is consumed into the positive plates, while is consumed at both plates. The reverse occurs during charge. This motion can be by electrically driven proton flow or Grotthuss mechanism, or by diffusion through the medium, or by flow of a liquid electrolyte medium. Since the density is

the plates are mechanically grooved to increase their surface area. In 1880, Camille Alphonse Faure patented a method of coating a lead grid (which serves as the current conductor) with a paste of lead oxides, sulfuric acid and water, followed by curing phase in which the plates were exposed to gentle heat in a high humidity environment. The curing process caused the paste to change to a mixture of lead sulfates which adhered to the lead plate. Then, during the battery's initial charge (called ""formation"") the cured paste on the plates was converted into electrochemically active material (the ""active mass"").

"Liberal arts education"
influentially brought the seven liberal arts as bridesmaids to the ""Marriage of Mercury and Philology"", that they took on canonical form. The four 'scientific' – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy (or astrology) – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the ""quadrivium"". After the 9th century, the remaining three arts of the 'humanities' – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were grouped as the ""trivium"". It was in that two-fold form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university. During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the other parts of the

Liberal arts education Liberal arts education (from Latin ""free"" and ""art or principled practice"") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history. It has its origin in the attempt to discover first principles – 'those universal principles which are the condition of the possibility of the existence of anything and everything'. The liberal arts are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (, ""worthy of a free person"") to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for ancient Greece) included participating

"Magister degree"
Magister degree A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from , ""teacher"") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education. The magister degree arose in mediaeval universities in Europe and was originally equal to the doctorate; while the doctorate was originally conferred in theology, law and medicine, the magister degree was usually conferred in the liberal arts, broadly known as ""philosophy"" in continental Europe, which encompassed all other academic subjects. In some countries, the title has retained this original meaning until the modern age, while in other countries, magister has become the title of a lower

– the or ""education in a circle"" – of late Classical and Hellenistic Greece, the ""liberal arts"" or ""liberal pursuits"" (Latin ) were already so called in formal education during the Roman Empire. The first recorded use of the term ""liberal arts"" () occurs in by Marcus Tullius Cicero, but it is unclear if he created the term. Seneca the Younger discusses liberal arts in education from a critical Stoic point of view in ""Moral Epistles"". The exact classification of the liberal arts varied however in Roman times, and it was only after Martianus Capella in the 5th century AD

"Academic degree"
adopted by the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge, as well as the ancient Scottish universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. In the medieval European universities, candidates who had completed three or four years of study in the prescribed texts of the ""trivium"" (grammar, rhetoric and logic) and the ""quadrivium"" (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music), together known as the Liberal Arts and who had successfully passed examinations held by their master, would be admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, from the Latin , a term previously used of a squire (i.e., apprentice) to a knight. Further

as a license to teach (Latin: ""licentia docendi"") at a medieval university. Its roots can be traced to the early church when the term ""doctor"" referred to the Apostles, church fathers and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bible. The right to grant a ""licentia docendi"" was originally reserved to the church which required the applicant to pass a test, to take oath of allegiance and pay a fee. The Third Council of the Lateran of 1179 guaranteed the access – now largely free of charge – of all able applicants, who were, however, still tested for aptitude

Doctorate
""doctoratus"") appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach Latin (""licentia docendi"") at a university. Its roots can be traced to the early church in which the term ""doctor"" referred to the Apostles, church fathers, and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bible. The right to grant a ""licentia docendi"" (i.e. the doctorate) was originally reserved to the Catholic church, which required the applicant to pass a test, to take an oath of allegiance and pay a fee. The Third Council of the Lateran of 1179 guaranteed the access—at that time largely free of charge—of all able

in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts (the trivium), while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a part in education (as the quadrivium). ""Liberal arts"" today can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences; and ""liberal arts education"" can refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. Rooted in the basic curriculum

Laurea
Laurea In Italy, the Iaurea is the main post-secondary academic degree. The name originally referred literally to the laurel wreath, since ancient times a sign of honor and now often worn by Italian students right after their official graduation ceremony and sometimes during the graduation party. A graduate is known as a ""laureato"", literally ""crowned with laurel."" To earn a ""laurea"" (bachelor's degree) undergraduate students have to complete three years of university courses, and finally complete a thesis; postgraduate students may continue with an extra two-year course ("" laurea magistrale"" or master's degree). However, for some courses undergraduate studies last

""trivium"". In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, reversed that process. Re-christening the old trivium with a new and more ambitious name: , and also increasing its scope, they downplayed logic as opposed to the traditional Latin grammar and rhetoric, and added to them history, Greek, and moral philosophy (ethics), with a new emphasis on poetry as well. The educational curriculum of humanism spread throughout Europe during the sixteenth century and became the educational foundation for the schooling of European elites, the functionaries of political administration,

"Moana (soundtrack)"
the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. South African singer Lira and Filipino singer Janella Salvador recorded two English-language versions of ""How Far I'll Go"" that will play over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian and Malaysian language. Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jordan Fisher sing a duet on ""You're Welcome"", which plays over the end credits. The song as performed by Dwayne Johnson appears in the film. Johnson's version of

and percussion, woodwinds made from bamboo from the South Pacific, and traditional hide-covered Tyka drums. According to Miranda, ""Shiny"" was inspired by the Flight of the Conchords' tribute to David Bowie at the Aspen Comedy Festival in 2004, as well as listening to Bowie's songs on a loop shortly after the singer's death in January 2016. ""How Far I'll Go"" appears during the film performed by actress Auliʻi Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on

also developing and starring in the Broadway musical ""Hamilton"", which meant he was able to recruit ""Hamilton"" stars Phillipa Soo, Christopher Jackson, and Renée Elise Goldsberry as well as ""In The Heights"" star Marcy Harriell to help him record demos of his songs. The songs feature Foa'i's New Zealand-based vocal group Te Vaka, as well as a choir from Fiji. The soundtrack contains seven original songs, two reprises, and two end-credits versions of songs from the film. Mancina composed the score and produced both the score and the songs. In addition to guitars and strings, the score features Polynesian vocals

""You're Welcome"" peaked at number 83 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. The soundtrack also features Jemaine Clement, who voices the coconut crab Tamatoa. The album sold 509,000 copies in the United States by April 2017, making it the third soundtrack to surpass a half-million in sales that year after ""Suicide Squad"" and ""Trolls"". ""Moana"" sold 709,000 copies and earned 1,254,000 album-equivalents, finishing as the country's fifth best-selling album of the year and had its ninth largest overall album consumption. Pable Ruiz of Rotascopers said ""After the enormous success of ""Frozen"", with its Broadway-type

"Moana (2016 film)"
Glendale. Production wrapped on October 20, 2016. The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs were written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score was written by Mancina. The lyrics are in English, Samoan, and the Tokelauan language. The soundtrack peaked at number two on the ""Billboard"" 200. In many European countries, the name of the titular character, Moana, was changed to ""Vaiana"" due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title. In Italy, the film was released

Moana (2016 film) Moana (), also known as Vaiana or Oceania in some markets, is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 56th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams, the film introduces Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana and features the voices of Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, and Alan Tudyk. The film features songs written by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Opetaia Foa'i and orchestral score composed by Mark Mancina.

Along with ""Zootopia"", it marked the first time since 2002 that Walt Disney Animation Studios released two feature films in the same year. It received two Academy Award nominations at the 89th Academy Awards: one for Best Animated Feature and another for Best Original Song (""How Far I'll Go""). On the Polynesian island of Motunui, the inhabitants worship the goddess Te Fiti, who brought life to the ocean, using a pounamu stone as her heart and the source of her power. Maui, the shapeshifting demigod and master of sailing, steals the heart to give humanity the power of creation. However,

""Starboy"". ""How Far I'll Go"" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Academy Award for Best Original Song. For the soundtrack, Disney wanted to combine traditional South Pacific culture with pop and Broadway sensibilities, which led to the hiring of Broadway playwright, songwriter and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda, composer Mark Mancina and Tokelauan singer-songwriter Opetaia Foa'i. The first song they completed was ""We Know the Way"", which Foa'i began after his first meeting with Disney in December 2013. The trio worked together in New Zealand and in Los Angeles. At the same time, Miranda was

Moana (soundtrack) Moana: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2016 Disney animated film ""Moana"". The soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 19, 2016. It features songs written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Mark Mancina and Opetaia Foa'i, with lyrics in English, Samoan, Tokelauan, and Tuvalu. The two-disc deluxe edition includes the score, which was composed by Mancina, as well as demos, outtakes and instrumental karaoke tracks. The record also produced two singles. The album debuted on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart at number 16 and peaked at number 2, kept off the top spot by The Weeknd's

"Māui (Māori mythology)"
film ""Moana"", the demigod Maui is voiced by Dwayne Johnson. Abandoned by his human parents as a baby, he is given demigod status, shapeshifting powers, and a magic fish hook by the gods who take pity on him. He performs miracles to win back the love of humanity, each of which earns him an animated tattoo. He is fabled to have stolen the heart of Te Fiti, a powerful island goddess who creates life. The protagonist of the film, Moana, persuades him to help her return it. In his song ""You're Welcome,"" composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Maui mentions and takes

"Central processing unit"
to be called ""fixed-program computers"". Since the term ""CPU"" is generally defined as a device for software (computer program) execution, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored-program computer. The idea of a stored-program computer had been already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled ""First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC"". It was the outline of a

allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in electronic devices ranging from automobiles to cellphones, and sometimes even in toys. While von Neumann is most often credited with the design of the stored-program computer because of his design of EDVAC, and the design became known as the von Neumann architecture, others before him, such as Konrad Zuse, had suggested and implemented similar

originally built with SSI ICs but was eventually implemented with LSI components once these became practical. Lee Boysel published influential articles, including a 1967 ""manifesto"", which described how to build the equivalent of a 32-bit mainframe computer from a relatively small number of large-scale integration circuits (LSI). At the time, the only way to build LSI chips, which are chips with a hundred or more gates, was to build them using a MOS process (i.e., PMOS logic, NMOS logic, or CMOS logic). However, some companies continued to build processors out of bipolar chips because bipolar junction transistors were so much

types, with each IC containing roughly 1000 MOSFETs. In stark contrast with its SSI and MSI predecessors, the first LSI implementation of the PDP-11 contained a CPU composed of only four LSI integrated circuits. Since the introduction of the first commercially available microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1970, and the first widely used microprocessor, the Intel 8080 in 1974, this class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other central processing unit implementation methods. Mainframe and minicomputer manufacturers of the time launched proprietary IC development programs to upgrade their older computer architectures, and eventually produced instruction set compatible microprocessors that

ideas. The so-called Harvard architecture of the Harvard Mark I, which was completed before EDVAC, also used a stored-program design using punched paper tape rather than electronic memory. The key difference between the von Neumann and Harvard architectures is that the latter separates the storage and treatment of CPU instructions and data, while the former uses the same memory space for both. Most modern CPUs are primarily von Neumann in design, but CPUs with the Harvard architecture are seen as well, especially in embedded applications; for instance, the Atmel AVR microcontrollers are Harvard architecture processors. Relays and vacuum tubes (thermionic

4 MHz were very common at this time, limited largely by the speed of the switching devices they were built with. The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices. The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor. Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky, unreliable and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and relays. With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete (individual) components. In 1964, IBM introduced

"John Vincent Atanasoff"
John Vincent Atanasoff John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor, best known for being credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer. Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the ""Honeywell v. Sperry Rand"" lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. Atanasoff was born on October 4, 1903 in Hamilton, New York to an electrical engineer and a school teacher. Atanasoff's

1965, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) introduced another influential computer aimed at the scientific and research markets, the PDP-8. Transistor-based computers had several distinct advantages over their predecessors. Aside from facilitating increased reliability and lower power consumption, transistors also allowed CPUs to operate at much higher speeds because of the short switching time of a transistor in comparison to a tube or relay. The increased reliability and dramatically increased speed of the switching elements (which were almost exclusively transistors by this time), CPU clock rates in the tens of megahertz were easily obtained during this period. Additionally while discrete transistor and

because of physical factors like decreased gate parasitic capacitance. This has allowed synchronous microprocessors to have clock rates ranging from tens of megahertz to several gigahertz. Additionally, the ability to construct exceedingly small transistors on an IC has increased the complexity and number of transistors in a single CPU many fold. This widely observed trend is described by Moore's law, which had proven to be a fairly accurate predictor of the growth of CPU (and other IC) complexity until 2016. While the complexity, size, construction and general form of CPUs have changed enormously since 1950, the basic design and function

IC CPUs were in heavy usage, new high-performance designs like SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) vector processors began to appear. These early experimental designs later gave rise to the era of specialized supercomputers like those made by Cray Inc and Fujitsu Ltd. During this period, a method of manufacturing many interconnected transistors in a compact space was developed. The integrated circuit (IC) allowed a large number of transistors to be manufactured on a single semiconductor-based die, or ""chip"". At first, only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs. CPUs based on these ""building block""

"Kat Slater"
Kat Slater Kathleen ""Kat"" Moon (also Slater) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", played by Jessie Wallace. She was also played by Kate Peck in a flashback in 2001. Kat is the daughter of Viv Slater and Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), and arrived with her sisters Lynne Hobbs (Elaine Lordan) and Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth). Her daughter Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan) is initially believed to be her sister as well until Kat reveals she was raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick) as a child. She later marries Alfie Moon (Shane Richie). It is

needed to go back to its roots and bring back some traditional values. BBC's head of drama, Mal Young commented, ""We do not have enough solid families in the soap, there were a lot of fractured families and people who were alone."" The family were created as a replacement for the di Marco family, who were axed by Yorke. The family consisted of, grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), father Charlie (Derek Martin), his four children, Lynne (Elaine Lordan), Kat (Wallace), Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth), Zoe (Michelle Ryan), as well as Lynne's boyfriend Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). It later transpired that

or dies. Following the confirmation that ""Redwater"" would not return for a second series, it was announced in December 2017 that Kat would return to ""EastEnders"" in 2018 with her grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse) and Jean Slater (Gillian Wright). She returned on 22 March 2018. Since her return, Kat's storyline has seen her hide a secret from her family, a feud with her cousin Hayley Slater (Katie Jarvis) and Karen Taylor (Lorraine Stanley) and her secret being that she has been unfaithful to Alfie and her son had burned himself with water due to her lack of attention, leading

"Slater family (EastEnders)"
ends of the country, and in some cases beyond."" Slater family (EastEnders) The Slater family are a fictional family from the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", that have appeared since episode 1997, first broadcast in September 2000. The family are introduced as a central family unit consisting of father Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), Charlie's daughters, Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), and Lynne's partner Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). A fifth sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey), was introduced a year later. The family were the

"Jessie Wallace"
Jessie Wallace Jessie Wallace (born Karen Jane Wallace; 25 September 1971) is an English actress and model. She is known for her role of Kat Slater in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", for which she won the National Television Awards for Most Popular Newcomer (2001) and also won the British Soap Awards Best Newcomer (2001) and Most Popular Actress (2003), and the British Soap Award for Best Actress (2011). She was nominated for the 2011 BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Pat Phoenix in the BBC Four drama ""The Road to Coronation Street"" (2010). Wallace

regularly took ketamine. Wallace admitted, at one point, taking drugs, but denied taking them since the birth of her daughter. Jessie Wallace Jessie Wallace (born Karen Jane Wallace; 25 September 1971) is an English actress and model. She is known for her role of Kat Slater in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", for which she won the National Television Awards for Most Popular Newcomer (2001) and also won the British Soap Awards Best Newcomer (2001) and Most Popular Actress (2003), and the British Soap Award for Best Actress (2011). She was nominated for the 2011 BAFTA TV Award for Best

later revealed that Kat also gave birth to a son, Zoe's twin brother. She appeared in the show from September 2000 to November 2004, then returned in May 2005 following a period of maternity leave. She left on 25 December 2005, and returned on 17 September 2010, to leave again in January 2012 and return on 7 June 2012. Her return since 2010 has seen her ""son"" Tommy dying from SIDS, however it is revealed that her real son Tommy Moon had been swapped by Ronnie Branning (Samantha Womack), suffering a miscarriage, an affair with Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) which

Slater family (EastEnders) The Slater family are a fictional family from the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", that have appeared since episode 1997, first broadcast in September 2000. The family are introduced as a central family unit consisting of father Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), Charlie's daughters, Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), and Lynne's partner Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). A fifth sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey), was introduced a year later. The family were the eighth to be introduced in the soap's history, replacing

Jean pays off Mo's debt, and Kat starts a cleaning business to pay Jean back. Kat is furious when she finds her cousin Hayley Slater (Katie Jarvis) in Walford. She demands that Hayley leave, but Hayley threatens to reveal what has happened in Spain. It becomes clear to the Slaters that Kat is hiding something and it is revealed that Kat has had an affair and was not watching when one of the children burnt themselves, leading to Alfie kicking her out. In 2000, ""EastEnders"" executive producer John Yorke decided to introduce the ""classic"" Slater family. He felt the show

September 2000, along with her family: father Charlie (Derek Martin), sisters Lynne (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe (Michelle Ryan), and grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse). Kat embarks on a brief fling with Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), much to the annoyance of his girlfriend Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite). She finds work in The Queen Victoria public house as a barmaid, where she is an instant hit with the customers. Fiercely defensive of her sisters, Kat is the archrival of Little Mo's abusive husband Trevor Morgan (Alex Ferns), though has a fling with Lynne's boyfriend Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves).

"Safe Haven (film)"
bus ticket with her hair now cropped and bleached and stops in the small town of Southport, North Carolina. At the general store, she introduces herself as Katie Feldman. After getting a job as a waitress, and renting a small house on the edge of town, Katie befriends her neighbor, Jo. She meets Alex Wheatley, a widowed father of two young children, Josh, who has a strained relationship with him, and Lexie, who operates the local general store. Alex soon gives Katie a bicycle so she won't have to walk. It's not too long before Katie and Alex start a

decides to stay in Southport. She tells Alex that she fled to Southport to escape her abusive and alcoholic husband. They got in a fight, and she stabbed him in self-defense before she fled south. Meanwhile, Kevin is suspended for creating the wanted posters, whereupon it is revealed that he is Katie's (Erin's) abusive and alcoholic husband. Enraged, he breaks into Katie's former neighbor's home back in Boston and finds the phone number to the Southport restaurant where Katie works. Arriving just in time for the town's Fourth of July parade, a severely intoxicated Kevin sees Katie kissing Alex, which

relationship, and she becomes like a mother to Josh and Lexie. Meanwhile, Kevin Tierney, a Boston police detective, prepares wanted posters for a woman named ""Erin"" which describes that she is wanted for first-degree murder. Alex sees Erin's wanted poster in the police station and notices the picture bears a striking resemblance to Katie. He confronts Katie with the information, causing a huge fight. They break up, and Katie moves out of her house. As Katie is about to leave town, however, Alex intercepts her and says that he has fallen in love with her. Katie returns his love, and

"Safe Haven (novel)"
job had trained him to recognize signs of an abuse victim. Katie reveals her past to Alex, who wants to know why she did not go seek help from the police. She explains that Kevin is a police detective. She fled from his abuse because she knew he would kill her if he located her. Her created identity is based on a neighbor's dead daughter who resembled her. Kevin is furious with his wife for leaving and drank more to dull his pain. He learns of Erin's new identity and searches for her. Kevin arrives in Southport, while Katie is

lets his guard down, she pushes him into the water; however, a firework spark lands on the gasoline, igniting a fire that engulfs the store. Alex sees the burning store, quickly makes his way across the harbor by boat, and saves Lexie. Meanwhile, Katie tries to fight off Kevin; during the struggle, the gun goes off and kills Kevin, ridding her of him forever. In the aftermath of the fire, Alex recovers several letters which were written by his late wife Carly before she died. The letters were prepared ahead of time for memorable events such as Josh's eighteenth birthday

"The Kids Run Away"
minutes before alerting her parents of her departure). Bob and Linda are horrified when they discover their 9-year-old daughter is nowhere to be found, but Bob reasons that Louise will have no choice but to come home soon. With no options for housing available, Louise reluctantly takes a bus to Aunt Gayle's drab studio apartment, planning to hide out until further notice. Gayle calls Linda, alerting her to Louise's whereabouts. Bob and Linda know that Louise will never voluntarily agree to the filling, so ""creative parenting"" will be necessary to lure her back. To help with the plan, they send

enrages him. That night, Katie has a dream that she is standing on the docks watching the fireworks when Jo comes up and tells Katie that ""he"" is here. Katie wakes up in the convenience store next to a sleeping Lexie when Kevin suddenly appears and confronts her, demanding that she go back with him. She refuses and tells him to leave. Kevin pulls a gun and pours gasoline all over the store, with the intent to burn it down. When he hesitates, Katie buys time by faking sympathy for him and agreeing to return home with him. When he

"Katie Fitch"
into Katie's head, knocking her unconscious. Effy returns to the camp and has sex with Freddie, but the next morning when people question Katie's whereabouts she says nothing, ashamed and unsure of what to do. Eventually Effy calls an unknown person (presumably the police or an ambulance) and requests they come and get Katie. Katie's injuries (9 stitches in her head as well as various bruises) make her too embarrassed to leave the house, so Emily disguises herself as her sister and sits for her exam. Katie ignores Emily when her sister comes out to her, telling her ""you're not

Safe Haven (novel) Safe Haven is a Fantasy romantic novel by American novelist Nicholas Sparks. It was published in 2010. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 2242 libraries Erin flees her abusive alcoholic husband, Kevin, takes on a different identity and changes her name to Katie. She arrives in Southport, North Carolina. Finding work at a seafood restaurant, she becomes friends with her neighbor, Jo, and gets to know the town's general store owner, Alex. Katie is interested in Alex, who is a widower with two children. Alex and Katie's relationship becomes romantic, encouraged by Jo. Alex's former

caring for Alex's children. Kevin sets the house on fire, thinking it would kill both Katie and Alex. She fights Kevin, and the children escape. Alex, arriving home, finds his children and takes them to Katie's house where he thinks they will be safe. He returns to the fire and finds Kevin attempting to harm Katie. Desperate, Alex drives toward Kevin who is firing a gun at him. The vehicle hits Kevin, breaking his hand and disarming him. Katie retrieves Kevin's gun, and she and Alex are reunited. Kevin, however, is able to drive away. He goes to Katie's house.

Pencil
thereby pushing a new tip to the top. Invented by Harold Grossman for Empire Pencil Company in 1967 and subsequently improved upon by Arthur D. Little for Empire from 1969 through the early 1970s; the plastic pencil was commercialised by Empire as the ""EPCON"" Pencil. These pencils were co-extruded, extruding a plasticised graphite mix within a wood-composite core. Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. Although lead has not been used for writing since antiquity, lead poisoning from pencils was not uncommon. Until the middle of the 20th century the paint used

Pencil
a method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found in 1662 in Italy. However, the distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. The town of Keswick, near the original findings of block graphite, still manufactures pencils, the factory also being the location of the Cumberland Pencil Museum. The meaning of ""graphite writing implement"" apparently evolved late in the 16th century. Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, wood-encased carpentry pencil. Their version was a flat, oval, more

Graphite
in this fashion in 2005. The ability to leave marks on paper and other objects gave graphite its name, given in 1789 by German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. It stems from ""graphein"", meaning ""to write"" or ""draw"" in Ancient Greek. From the 16th century, all pencils were made with leads of English natural graphite, but modern pencil lead is most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name. Plumbago is another older

Pencil
palm-leaf manuscripts. As a technique for drawing, the closest predecesor to the pencil was Silverpoint until in 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. It remains the only large-scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called

Pencil
compact type of pencil. Their concept involved the hollowing out of a stick of juniper wood. Shortly thereafter, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the halves then glued together—essentially the same method in use to this day. The first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1662. It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur, and antimony. English and German pencils were not available to the French during the Napoleonic Wars; France, under naval blockade imposed by Great Britain, was unable to import the pure graphite

Graphite
the name ""graphite"" (""writing stone"") in 1789. He attempted to clear up the confusion between molybdena, plumbago and black lead after Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1778 proved that there are at least three different minerals. Scheele's analysis showed that the chemical compounds molybdenum sulfide (molybdenite), lead(II) sulfide (galena) and graphite were three different soft black minerals. Natural graphite is mostly used for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings and lubricants. The use of graphite as a refractory material began before 1900 with the graphite crucible used to hold molten metal; this is now a minor part of

Pencil
of the Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use. In 1802, the production of graphite leads from graphite and clay was patented by the Koh-I-Noor company in Vienna. In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. Henry Bessemer's first successful invention (1838) was a method of compressing graphite powder into solid graphite thus allowing the waste from sawing to be reused. American colonists imported pencils from Europe until after the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin advertised pencils for sale in his ""Pennsylvania Gazette"" in 1729, and George Washington used a three-inch pencil when he surveyed the Ohio Territory in

Pencil
later became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company. By the end of the 19th century, over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the US. The favoured timber for pencils was Red Cedar as it was aromatic and did not splinter when sharpened. In the early 20th century supplies of Red Cedar were dwindling so that pencil manufacturers were forced to recycle the wood from cedar fences and barns to maintain supply. One effect of this was that ""during World War II rotary pencil sharpeners were outlawed in Britain because they wasted so much scarce lead and

"Joseph Dixon (inventor)"
Park neighborhood of historic Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey in 1847. The Dixon Mills complex has subsequently become residences. During the 1860s, people typically wrote with quill pens and ink even though Dixon introduced graphite pencils in 1829. But the American Civil War created a demand for a dry, clean, portable writing instrument and led to the mass production of pencils. At the time of Dixon's death in 1869, the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the largest manufacturer of graphite products in the world. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world's largest dealer and consumer of graphite.

Pencil
1762. It is said that William Munroe, a cabinetmaker in Concord, Massachusetts, made the first American wood pencils in 1812. This was not the only pencil-making occurring in Concord. According to Henry Petroski, transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau discovered how to make a good pencil out of inferior graphite using clay as the binder; this invention was prompted by his father's pencil factory in Concord, which employed graphite found in New Hampshire in 1821 by Charles Dunbar. Munroe's method of making pencils was painstakingly slow, and in the neighbouring town of Acton, a pencil mill owner named Ebenezer Wood set

"Soviet–Japanese War"
Soviet–Japanese War The Soviet–Japanese War (; , ""soren tai nichi sansen"" ""Soviet Union entry into war against Japan"") was a military conflict within the Second World War beginning soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. The Soviets and Mongolians terminated Japanese control of Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia), northern Korea, Karafuto, and the Chishima Islands (Kuril Islands). The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped in the Japanese surrender and the termination of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision

"Japan during World War II"
attaché in Washington, D.C... Understanding the inherent dangers of war with the United States, Yamamoto warned his fellow countrymen: ""We can run wild for six months or maybe a year, but after that, I have utterly no confidence."" The Imperial Japanese Navy made its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii Territory, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine air forces sustained significant losses. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned Southeast

"Pacific War"
War itself began on 7/8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by the Axis allied Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the Allies, accompanied by the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria on

the Japanese army and navy under the direction of General Headquarters of the U.S. Far East Command. Soviet–Japanese War The Soviet–Japanese War (; , ""soren tai nichi sansen"" ""Soviet Union entry into war against Japan"") was a military conflict within the Second World War beginning soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. The Soviets and Mongolians terminated Japanese control of Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia), northern Korea, Karafuto, and the Chishima Islands (Kuril Islands). The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped in the Japanese surrender and the termination of World

war with Japan. At one minute past midnight Trans-Baikal time on August 9, 1945, the Soviets commenced their invasion simultaneously on three fronts to the east, west and north of Manchuria. The operation was subdivided into smaller operational and tactical parts: and subsequently Though the battle extended beyond the borders traditionally known as ""Manchuria"" – that is, the traditional lands of the Manchus – the coordinated and integrated invasions of Japan's northern territories has also been called ""the Battle of Manchuria"". Since 1983, the operation has sometimes been called ""Operation August Storm"", after American Army historian Lieutenant-Colonel David Glantz used

Japan during World War II The Empire of Japan entered World War II by launching a surprise offensive which opened with the attack on Pearl Harbor at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT) on December 7, 1941. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The strategic goals of the offensive were to cripple the U.S. Pacific fleet, capture oil fields in the Dutch East Indies, and expand the outer reaches of the Japanese Empire to create a

the United States, advanced steadily towards Japan. The Sixth United States Army, led by General MacArthur, landed on Leyte on October 20, 1944. In the subsequent months, during the Philippines Campaign (1944–45), the combined United States forces, together with the native guerrilla units, liberated the Philippines. By 1944, the Allies had seized or bypassed and neutralized many of Japan's strategic bases through amphibious landings and bombardment. This, coupled with the losses inflicted by Allied submarines on Japanese shipping routes began to strangle Japan's economy and undermine its ability to supply its army. By early 1945, the U.S. Marines had wrested

the Japanese surrender which if ignored would lead to their ""prompt and utter destruction"". The commencement of the invasion fell between the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima on August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9. Although Soviet leader Joseph Stalin had not been told much detail of the Western Allies' atomic bomb program by Allied governments, the date of the invasion was foreshadowed by the Yalta agreement, the date of the German surrender, and the fact that, on August 3, Marshal Vasilevsky reported to Stalin that, if necessary, he could attack on the morning of August 5. The timing was

"Russo-Japanese War"
Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (; ; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by China, was operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino–Japanese War

well planned and enabled the Soviet Union to enter the Pacific Theater on the side of the Allies, as previously agreed, before the war's end. The second largest Japanese island of Hokkaido, originally planned by the Soviets to be part of the territory taken, was held off due to apprehension of the United States' new position as an atomic power. At 11 pm Trans-Baikal time on August 8, 1945, Soviet foreign minister Molotov informed Japanese ambassador Satō that the Soviet Union had declared war on Japan, and that from August 9 the Soviet Government would consider itself to be at

"Kari Ann Peniche"
amid stinging criticism by Heidi Fleiss. Peniche wed investment builder Justin Williams in February 2011 in Los Angeles, California and they have two children together, a son named Preston and a daughter named Layla. Their marriage has been strained, reportedly due to Peniche's behavior, both past and present; her husband has made allegations of infidelity against her and of child abuse, saying a hair follicle test showed she'd exposed their then 10-month-old son to methamphetamine. Kari Ann Peniche Kari Ann Peniche Williams ( ; born March 20, 1984) is an actress and entertainer from Fairview, Oregon. She has held the

"Deborah Tranelli"
Livin'"" which won three BackStage Bistro awards. She has more recently been performing theatre in New York City. Tranelli attended Linton High School in Schenectady, New York and is a 1977 graduate of Northwestern University. Deborah Tranelli Deborah Marie Tranelli (born July 6, 1955) is an American actress and singer. Tranelli is best known for her recurring role in the soap opera ""Dallas"" as Phyllis, secretary to Bobby Ewing (played by Patrick Duffy). She appeared in the series from 1981 to its end in 1991. Her acting career has included roles on television series from ""Nero Wolfe ""Might as Well

"Cheryl Hines"
Cheryl Hines Cheryl Ruth Hines (born September 21, 1965) is an American actress who played the role of Larry David's wife, Cheryl, on HBO's ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"", for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards. She also starred as Dallas Royce on the ABC sitcom ""Suburgatory"". In 2009, she made her directorial debut with ""Serious Moonlight"". She is also a poker enthusiast with career winnings totaling $50,000. On August 2, 2014, Hines married Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a member of the Kennedy family. Hines was born in Miami Beach, Florida, a daughter of James and Rosemary Hines. Part of

"Nicole Mitchell Murphy"
Nicole Mitchell Murphy Nicole Mitchell Murphy (born Nicole Mitchell; January 5, 1968) is an American fashion model, television personality, designer, actress, and businesswoman. She is best known for her international modelling career, 12 year marriage to comedian/actor Eddie Murphy, and participation on reality television show ""Hollywood Exes"". She has also been credited as Nicole Mitchell, her maiden name, and Nicole Murphy (her ex-husband being Eddie Murphy). Mitchell was born in Sacramento, California to Ellen, a British homemaker, and Eddie T. ""Mitch"" Mitchell, an African American United States Air Force pilot. Her parents had separated when she was a child (though

"Yolanda Hadid"
Yolanda Hadid Yolanda Hadid (; née van den Herik; formerly Foster; born 11 January 1964) is a Dutch-American television personality and former model. She is best known as a star of the American reality-television show ""The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills"". She is mother to models Gigi, Bella, and Anwar Hadid. Yolanda van den Herik was born and raised in Papendrecht, Netherlands, to a family of Christian background. She has a brother named Leo. When she was seven years old, her father died in a car accident, leaving her mother to raise the two children. Dutch designer Frans Molenaar asked

"Gina Tognoni"
as Phyllis Summers in CBS's ""The Young and the Restless"", replacing Michelle Stafford. Tognoni made her debut on August 11, 2014. Tognoni was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She won Miss Rhode Island Teen USA in 1991 and Miss Rhode Island Teen All-American in 1993. Tognoni became engaged to Joseph Chiarello on November 21, 2007. She was introduced to him by her co-star Beth Ehlers. The two were married May 16, 2009. Gina Tognoni Gina Tognoni (born November 28, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her work with American daytime soap operas. Her most notable performances include Kelly

"Idalis DeLeón"
and as ""Concha"" on the USA Network's ""Burn Notice"". Idalis DeLeón Idalis M. DeLeón (born June 15, 1969) is an American actress, writer director television host, and now a top TV Host Coach/Media Trainer in Los Angeles. DeLeón is best known as a MTV VJ, hosting the music countdown show from June 1994 until September 1998. DeLeón is also known for her acting roles as Roni De Santos during the fifth season of the sitcom ""Living Single"" (1997–1998) and Charity in the 1998 comedy film ""Ride"". DeLeón, who is of Afro-Caribbean Puerto Rican ancestry, first began her career in the

Deborah Tranelli Deborah Marie Tranelli (born July 6, 1955) is an American actress and singer. Tranelli is best known for her recurring role in the soap opera ""Dallas"" as Phyllis, secretary to Bobby Ewing (played by Patrick Duffy). She appeared in the series from 1981 to its end in 1991. Her acting career has included roles on television series from ""Nero Wolfe ""Might as Well Be Dead"""" (1981) to ""Law & Order ""Seed"""" (1995). She starred in and performed the song ""Still Got a Love"" in the 1985 movie ""Naked Vengeance"", and released a 2004 jazz album ""A Lot of

was Michael Strahan, a retired American NFL player. In August 2014, Michael and Nicole called it quits, owing to busy schedules. Nicole Mitchell Murphy Nicole Mitchell Murphy (born Nicole Mitchell; January 5, 1968) is an American fashion model, television personality, designer, actress, and businesswoman. She is best known for her international modelling career, 12 year marriage to comedian/actor Eddie Murphy, and participation on reality television show ""Hollywood Exes"". She has also been credited as Nicole Mitchell, her maiden name, and Nicole Murphy (her ex-husband being Eddie Murphy). Mitchell was born in Sacramento, California to Ellen, a British homemaker, and Eddie

"LisaRaye McCoy"
arrested in Brazil and extradited back to the islands to stand trial. LisaRaye McCoy LisaRaye McCoy (born September 23, 1967), known as LisaRaye, is an American actress, model, businesswoman and fashion designer. McCoy is best known for portraying Diana ""Diamond"" Armstrong in the 1998 film ""The Players Club"", Neesee James on the UPN/The CW sitcom ""All of Us"" from 2003 until 2007 and Keisha Greene in the VH1 romantic comedy series ""Single Ladies"" which originally aired from 2011–2014. She is also the ex-wife of Michael Misick, the first-ever Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands. McCoy was born in Chicago,

who wrote the french declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen

"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. The Declaration was drafted by the Abbé Sieyès and the Marquis de Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson. Influenced by the doctrine of ""natural right"", the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by

"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen"
attention to a set of feminist concerns that collectively reflected and influenced the aims of many French Revolution activists. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted in 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly (""Assemblée nationale constituante""), during the French revolution . Prepared and proposed by the marquis de Lafayette, the declaration asserted that all men ""are born and remain free and equal in rights"" and that these rights were universal. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen became a key human rights document and a classic formulation of the rights

followed by her """" ("","" named after a famous work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau), proposing marriage based upon gender equality. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was published in 1791 and is modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789. Olympe de Gouges dedicated the text to Marie Antoinette, whom de Gouges described as ""the most detested"" of women. The Declaration is ironic in formulation. It states that ""This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights they

the document emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment. The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working at times with his close friend Thomas Jefferson. In August 1789, Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on the 26 of August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the French Revolution, as the first step toward writing a constitution for France. Inspired by the Enlightenment, the original

the solution, as well. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: ""Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne""), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 5 September in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sexual equality, but failed

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: ""Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne""), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 5 September in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sexual equality, but failed to create any lasting

the passive citizens to go to work. The act appears condescending to the passive citizen and it revisits the reasons why the French Revolution began in the first place. Women, in particular, were strong passive citizens who played a significant role in the Revolution. Olympe de Gouges penned her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 and drew attention to the need for gender equality. By supporting the ideals of the French Revolution and wishing to expand them to women, she represented herself as a revolutionary citizen. Madame Roland also established herself as an influential

the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide. The Declaration, together with Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Bill of Rights, inspired in large part the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The content of

the institution of slavery, she argued that “Men everywhere are equal… Kings who are just do not want slaves; they know that they have submissive subjects.” She came to the public's attention with the play ""l'Esclavage des Noirs"", which was staged at the famous Comédie-Française in 1785. Gouges wrote her famous ""Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen"" shortly after the French Constitution of 1791 was ratified by King Louis XVI, and dedicated it to his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette. The French Constitution marked the birth of the short-lived constitutional monarchy and implemented a status based citizenship.

common utility"". De Gouges also draws attention to the fact that under French law women were fully punishable, yet denied equal rights, declaring ""Women have the right to mount the scaffold, they must also have the right to mount the speaker's rostrum"". The declaration did not revoke the institution of slavery, as lobbied for by Jacques-Pierre Brissot's ""Les Amis des Noirs"" and defended by the group of colonial planters called the Club Massiac because they met at the Hôtel Massiac. Despite the lack of explicit mention of slavery in the Declaration, slave uprisings in Saint-Domingue in the Haitian Revolution were

"Sam Hanna (character)"
although the story of how they met has yet to be addressed. It is established during the first several episodes, from vague references in their casual conversations, that he and Callen have been working together for some time and are good friends. In the episode """" he was initially hostile to , the newly appointed LAPD liaison officer and called him ""Temp"" throughout the episode. In the season two finale, Hanna resigns from NCIS along with Callen and Kensi in order to follow Hetty's trail to Prague without Director Vance's authorization. It is revealed in the episode """" that Hanna

"Nameless (Grimm)"
Nameless (Grimm) ""Nameless"" is the 16th episode and of the supernatural drama television series ""Grimm"" of season 2 and the 38th overall, which premiered on March 29, 2013, on NBC. The episode was written by Akela Cooper, and was directed by Charles Haid. Opening quote: ""Then he seized his left foot with both hands in such a fury that he split in two."" In a party celebrating the launch of a new game, Black Forest II, Brody Crawford (Quinn Franzen) is killed by a Wesen with an acid and his body is cut in half. Nick (David Giuntoli), Hank (Russell

"The Walking Dead (season 9)"
not ruled out returning for future seasons based on her future commitments. In June 2018, it was reported that Jon Bernthal would reprise his role as Shane Walsh for one episode in the ninth season. In July 2018, it was reported that Lauren Ridloff, a deaf actress, would join the series in the ninth season playing Connie, a deaf survivor who communicates through sign language. Also in July 2018, during San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that Samantha Morton was cast in the series regular role of Alpha, the leader of the Whisperers, a villain from the comic book series.

"Bobby Singer"
presence. During ""Party On, Garth,"" Sam reveals that he tried to use a talking board to contact him if he is still around, but received no response. However, Garth registers high readings on an EMF detector around Bobby's old flask, and when Dean needed a sword to slay a shojo, it inexplicably slid across the ground to him, leading him to believe that Bobby had helped him. At the end of the episode, Bobby's spirit can be seen in the brother's motel room, and he is annoyed when Dean comes in, looks right at him, and does not see him,

"Who Are You Now? (The Walking Dead)"
which included a six-year time jump from the events of his apparent death. Among changes include Khary Payton (King Ezekiel) being promoted to the main cast as his name appears in the opening credits. This episode introduces Matt Lintz as the older Henry; Matt is the older brother of Macsen Lintz who had played Henry in previous seasons, and brother to Madison Lintz, who had played Carol's daughter Sophia on the first two seasons of the show. This is the first episode to fully introduce the Whisperers, which in the comics are a group of human survivors that wear the

"Sam Tyler"
save her from the fire-fight on the train. We see him back in the clinical, bureaucratic, modern world of policing. After alienating his cold, unsympathetic colleagues and confiding to his elderly mother, he commits suicide by joyfully taking a running jump off the police station roof. Tyler re-appears in the railway tunnel in 1973 and promptly kills Leslie Johns, saving the team's lives as he promised. After being thanked by the team and kissing Annie, Tyler receives a message on Gene's car radio from 2007 that he is ""slipping away"", implying that he has chosen to stay in 1973. This

"Bob Stookey"
her to keep looking. In the episode ""Us"", on their way to Terminus, they are spotted by Eugene, Rosita and Abraham who were waiting in a van on the other side of the train tunnel where Glenn and Tara would be emerging from, according to Eugene's calculation. The three of them join up with Eugene, Rosita and Abraham, helping to kill a herd of walkers that were quickly surrounding Glenn and Tara. Heading forward, they find Terminus where they are greeted by Mary, one of the residents who is cooking a barbecue. However, in the season finale ""A"" it is

"Jim Hawkins (character)"
in order to hide the loot on the mysterious ""Treasure Planet"". Twelve years later, Jim (now voiced by Joseph Gordon-Levitt) has grown into an aloof and alienated teenager, helping his mother Sarah run an inn and deriving amusement from ""solar surfing"" (a hybrid of skysurfing and windsurfing atop a board attached to a solar-powered rocket), a pastime that frequently gets him in trouble. One day, a spaceship crashes near the inn. The dying pilot, Billy Bones, gives Jim a sphere and tells him to ""beware the cyborg"". Shortly thereafter, a gang of pirates raid and burn the inn. Jim, his

Sam Hanna (character) Sam Hanna (portrayed by LL Cool J) is a fictional character in the show """". He is a former U.S. Navy SEAL and a Senior NCIS Special Agent. He first appeared in the ""NCIS"" season six episode ""Legend (Part I)"". The son of a Marine colonel, Hanna attended a military school and excelled in football, playing wide receiver. Like the actor, Hanna is a native of New York City. Outside his job, Hanna has a varied range of interests, including boxing, origami and collecting vinyl records and antique cars. He also tends to follow the latest health

"Samantha Who?"
""New Sam"" is Samantha's bemused doorman, Frank (Tim Russ). Produced by ABC Studios, Donald Todd Productions, and Brillstein-Grey Television, the series was officially greenlit and given a thirteen-episode order on May 11, 2007. The show was originally named ""Sam I Am"" until ABC renamed it ""Samantha Be Good"" due to conflicts with the estate of Dr. Seuss. ""TV Guide"" later reported that ABC had changed the title of the series once more to ""Samantha Who?"". Early television promotions for the series, playing off of the concept of its lead character's amnesia, appeared without stating any specific title. The lack of

"Honda Civic"
of 2006, a total of 16.5 million Civics had been sold worldwide, with 7.3 million of them in the United States. Although the North American and the home market model differ externally, they are mechanically identical. The hatchback is available as a three and five-door. Both Si and Type R trim levels continued although the Japanese and European Type R, while sharing the same engine size, are mechanically different. In the US, an improved, sportier version of the Civic Si 4-door tuned by tuner Mugen was offered, featuring cosmetic alterations and changes to the suspension, wheels, slight exterior differences, and

Honda Civic The is a line of cars manufactured by Honda. Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment. EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class. The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car. The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord. The first Civic

built exclusively at Honda's manufacturing plant in Swindon, England – previously the five-door Civic/Domani and the Civic Aerodeck (based on the Japanese Orthia) were built in this plant for sale in Europe along with the Japanese Civics. Accordingly, all instances of the current model (left or right hand drive, anywhere in the world) are British-made cars designed with Japanese engineering, except for the US-built two-door coupe and the sedan version built in Brazil for the Latin American market. In North America, the Civic hatchback was dropped for 2006. The 2006 model year standard Civics for North America are manufactured in

"Honda Civic (third generation)"
had two-tone paint scheme with silver lower body panels. The 13-inch alloy wheels were fitted with 175/70R13 Michelin MXL tires. The comparatively quicker inline-four engine propelled the CRX Si from 0–60 mph in under 9 seconds. The five-door wagon received unique bodywork and interior. ""Shuttle"" in most countries, it was called the wagon and ""Wagovan"" in the United States; the differences being the wagon having 50/50 split folding cloth fixed rear seats that reclined to four different positions, and the Wagovan having a vinyl single piece rear seat that slid forward to accommodate additional cargo as well as metal bars

"Honda Civic (seventh generation)"
bucket seats, 4 interior cup holders, center console, and folding rear seats. The EP3's uniquely rare body style in the U.S., having been designed for the Japanese and European markets, has significantly more distinct lighting than most North American designs. While the 2001–03 models have red rear turn signals and combined high/low beam headlights, the 2004 and 2005 models have dual separate high and low beam headlights, individual parking lights in the headlight housings, amber turn signals, amber side fender turn signals, four individual side markers at all corners, and the ability to shut off all lights while driving. The

"Honda Fit"
in total. The Fit went on sale in the United States and Canada in April 2006 for model year 2007, replacing the Civic hatchback for North America and becoming that market's chief entry-level subcompact. The Civic continues to grow in size and price and was reclassified as a compact (larger than a subcompact) in 2001. In keeping with Honda's safety initiative, the Fit was offered in North America with power windows, standard side airbags, side-curtain airbags, and ABS, in addition to the mandatory front airbags. Due to differing safety regulations, North American Fits have larger bumpers, and a longer front

motors are powered by a battery array which is charged by regenerative braking during deceleration, thus reducing exhaust emissions and extending fuel mileage to 46 mpg city / 51 mpg highway with the manual transmission according to EPA fuel mileage estimates. A sporting hatchback model called the Si was unveiled in August 2005 for the European market only. This model featured from launch a 1.4 L I-DSI and a 1.8 L i-VTEC rated at 83 PS (81 hp/61 kW) and 140 PS (138 hp/103 kW) respectively, with 177 and 207 km/h (110 and 129 mph) top speeds and 14.2 and

13.6 s 0–100 km/h sprint. The Sport Hatchback is also available with a 2.2 L I-CTDI diesel engine from the Accord, Edix/FR-V and CR-V, rated at 140 PS (138 hp/103 kW) and is capable of 205 km/h (127 mph) and accelerating from 0-60 mph in 8.4 seconds. Starting with this generation, cabin air filters (also known as pollen filters) were installed as standard equipment and are located behind the glove compartment internationally. Coupe: Trims available in North America for the coupe body style were the VP, DX (up to 2003), EX, HX, LX (EM2), LX Special Edition or EX Special

Stream. In Canada, the sixth and seventh generation Civics were mildly redesigned to create the Acura EL until the advent of the eight generation Civic, which was used to create the Acura CSX, which was designed in Canada. Honda Japan adopted the CSX styling for the Civic in its home country. The three-door hatchback body style has been somewhat unpopular in the United States, but has achieved wide acceptance in Canada, as well as popularity in Japan and European markets, helping cement Honda's reputation as a maker of sporty compact models. Starting in 2002, the Civic three-door hatchback has been

most popular car among millennial car shoppers, credited for its low price and small size. Honda Civic The is a line of cars manufactured by Honda. Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment. EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class. The Civic coupe is still considered a

"Naismith College Player of the Year"
Bill Walton of UCLA and Ralph Sampson of the University of Virginia have been the only men to win this award multiple times, with both winning three times. Eight women in all have won this award multiple times. Cheryl Miller of the University of Southern California and Breanna Stewart of the University of Connecticut are the only three-times winners, while seven others won it twice: Clarissa Davis of the University of Texas, Dawn Staley of the University of Virginia, Chamique Holdsclaw of the University of Tennessee, Diana Taurasi and Maya Moore of the University of Connecticut, Seimone Augustus of Louisiana

"Sporting News Men's College Basketball Player of the Year"
presentations. Of those six repeat winners, only Oscar Robertson of Cincinnati and Bill Walton of UCLA have been named the player of the year three times. Despite not claiming any winners since the 1976–77 season, UCLA still has the most all-time with seven. Duke has the second most with six, while their in-state rival North Carolina has the third most with five winners. Sporting News Men's College Basketball Player of the Year The ""Sporting News"" Men's College Basketball Player of the Year is an annual basketball award given to the best men's basketball player in NCAA Division I competition. The

"NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player"
NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player At the conclusion of the NCAA men's and women's Division I basketball championships (the ""Final Four"" tournaments), the Associated Press selects a Most Outstanding Player. The MOP need not be, but almost always is a member of the Championship team, especially since the third-place game was eliminated after 1981. The last man to win the award despite not being on the Championship team was Akeem Olajuwon in 1983. Dawn Staley was the only woman to do so, when she won the award in 1991. An asterisk (*) next to a player's name indicates they

"NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award"
U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest. Bob Pettit (1958, 1959) and Russell Westbrook (2015, 2016) are the only players to win consecutive awards. Pettit (1956), Bob Cousy (1957), Wilt Chamberlain (1960), Bill Russell (1963), Oscar Robertson (1964), Willis Reed (1970), Dave Cowens (1973), Michael Jordan (1988, 1996, 1998), Magic Johnson (1990), Shaquille O'Neal (2000), and Allen Iverson (2001) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times. 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game:

arrived at Wake Forest University, and Bogut lived in Australia until his arrival at the University of Utah. Duke has had the most male winners with seven, while the Connecticut has had the most female winners, with ten awards won by six individuals. The award has been won by a freshman twice: Kevin Durant playing for Texas in 2007, and in 2012 by Anthony Davis of Kentucky. Naismith College Player of the Year The Naismith College Player of the Year is an annual basketball award given by the Atlanta Tipoff Club to the top men's and women's collegiate basketball players.

United States. By February, the list of nominees is narrowed down to 30 players based on performance. In March, four out of the 30 players are selected as finalists and are placed in the final ballot. The final winners are selected in April by both the board of selectors and fan voting via text messaging. The winners receive the Naismith Trophy. Since its beginning in 1969, the trophy has been awarded to 42 male and 23 female players. Lew Alcindor of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Anne Donovan of Old Dominion University were the first winners, respectively.

Naismith College Player of the Year The Naismith College Player of the Year is an annual basketball award given by the Atlanta Tipoff Club to the top men's and women's collegiate basketball players. It is named in honor of the inventor of basketball (in 1891), Dr. James Naismith. First awarded exclusively to male players in 1969, the award was expanded to include female players in 1983. Annually before the college season begins in November, a ""watchlist"" consisting of 50 players is chosen by the Atlanta Tipoff Club board of selectors, comprising head coaches, administrators and media members from across the

"NBA Most Valuable Player Award"
won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered ""international players"" by the NBA. Stephen Curry in 2015–16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously. Shaquille O'Neal in 1999–2000 and LeBron James in 2012–13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection, both receiving 120 of 121 votes. Russell Westbrook, is the first to have played for a team

"Jerry West Award"
Jerry West Award The Jerry West Shooting Guard of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate shooting guard. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Julius Erving Award, Karl Malone Award and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after NBA Finals Champion and NBA Finals MVP player Jerry West. The inaugural winner was D'Angelo Russell.

a single period of precession of earth's axis is completed in about

"Axial precession"
Axial precession In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation in a cycle of approximately 25,772 years. This is similar to the precession of a spinning-top, with the axis tracing out a pair of cones joined at their apices. The term ""precession"" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude. Earth's precession was historically

Precession
Earth's axis to its orbit, and the eccentricity of its orbit over tens of thousands of years are all important parts of the astronomical theory of ice ages. ""(See Milankovitch cycles.)"" Axial precession is the movement of the rotational axis of an astronomical body, whereby the axis slowly traces out a cone. In the case of Earth, this type of precession is also known as the ""precession of the equinoxes"", ""lunisolar precession"", or ""precession of the equator"". Earth goes through one such complete precessional cycle in a period of approximately 26,000 years or 1° every 72 years, during which the

"Diurnal motion"
Diurnal motion Diurnal motion (, from ""dies"", lit. ""day"") is an astronomical term referring to the apparent motion of celestial objects (e.g. the Sun and stars) around Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles, over the course of one day. It is caused by Earth's rotation around its axis, so almost every star appears to follow a circular arc path called the diurnal circle. The time for one complete rotation is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds – one sidereal day. The first experimental demonstration of this motion was conducted by Léon Foucault. The relative direction of

Culmination
from the observer's latitude, are described as circumpolar. Culmination In observational astronomy, the culmination of a celestial object (the Sun, the Moon, a planet, a star, or a deep-sky object) or constellation is either of two moments when it reaches the observer's meridian on the celestial sphere, on which it appears to move along a circular path over the course of a day, due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from the surface of a terrestrial body, except its geographic poles, a celestial object passes through the meridian twice a day: once at its upper culmination, when it reaches its highest

oceans of the Earth will have vaporized before that time (about 2,100 million years from now). Axial precession In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation in a cycle of approximately 25,772 years. This is similar to the precession of a spinning-top, with the axis tracing out a pair of cones joined at their apices. The term ""precession"" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in

"Equation of time"
The zero points are reached at perihelion (at the beginning of January) and aphelion (beginning of July); the extreme values are in early April (negative) and early October (positive). However, even if the Earth's orbit were circular, the perceived motion of the Sun along our celestial equator would still not be uniform. This is a consequence of the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit, or equivalently, the tilt of the ecliptic (the path Sun appears to take in the celestial sphere) with respect to the celestial equator. The projection of this motion

"Rotation period"
between 1750 and 1892 was chosen in 1895 by Simon Newcomb as the independent unit of time in his Tables of the Sun. These tables were used to calculate the world's ephemerides between 1900 and 1983, so this second became known as the ephemeris second. The SI second was made equal to the ephemeris second in 1967. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its ""stellar day"" by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is seconds of mean solar time (UT1) Earth's rotation period relative to the precessing or moving mean vernal equinox, its ""sidereal

"Right ascension"
The Earth's axis rotates slowly westward about the poles of the ecliptic, completing one circuit in about 26,000 years. This movement, known as precession, causes the coordinates of stationary celestial objects to change continuously, if rather slowly. Therefore, equatorial coordinates (including right ascension) are inherently relative to the year of their observation, and astronomers specify them with reference to a particular year, known as an epoch. Coordinates from different epochs must be mathematically rotated to match each other, or to match a standard epoch. Right ascension for ""fixed stars"" near the ecliptic and equator increases by about 3.3 seconds per

Culmination In observational astronomy, the culmination of a celestial object (the Sun, the Moon, a planet, a star, or a deep-sky object) or constellation is either of two moments when it reaches the observer's meridian on the celestial sphere, on which it appears to move along a circular path over the course of a day, due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from the surface of a terrestrial body, except its geographic poles, a celestial object passes through the meridian twice a day: once at its upper culmination, when it reaches its highest point as viewed from a given location on

"Elongation (astronomy)"
Earth's angular velocity and ""ω"" the planet's angular velocity. Then where ""T"" and ""T"" are Earth's and the planet's years (i.e. periods of revolution around the Sun, called sidereal periods). For example, Venus's year (sidereal period) is 225 days, and Earth's is 365 days. Thus Venus's synodic period, which gives the time between two subsequent eastern (or western) greatest elongations, is 584 days. These values are approximate, because (as mentioned above) the planets do not have perfectly circular, coplanar orbits. When a planet is closer to the Sun it moves faster than when it is further away, so exact determination

"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain"
Garth Hill. Due to 20th century urbanisation of the area, it was filmed in the more rural Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant and Llansilin in Powys. The Welsh Male Voice Choir used to provide background music throughout the film was, in fact, the London-based Gwalia Male Choir. The film is set in 1917 (with World War I in the background), and revolves around two English cartographers, the pompous George Garrad (Ian McNeice) and his junior Reginald Anson (Hugh Grant). They arrive at the fictional Welsh village of Ffynnon Garw ( ""Rough Fountain"" or ""Rough Spring"" in Welsh) to measure its ""mountain"" – only to

"A View from a Hill (film)"
hanging, though he subsequently recovers. The next day Patten burns all of the sketches and boiled bones in a bonfire and throws the binoculars in after them. Squire Richards accompanies Fanshawe to the railway station and then leaves. As Fanshawe sits on a bench waiting for the train, he hears a loud rustling noise in the woods behind him, implying that the ghosts of Gallows Hill will always be with him. The film was entirely filmed on location in the Thames Valley in November 2005; The Manor House in Chertsey, originally named Barrow Hills, featured as the home of Squire

"An Englishman Abroad"
City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy. Additional filming was done at Glasgow's St. Andrew's Suspension Bridge (""luckily, in a snowstorm"" Bennett later wrote) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald, which represented Burgess' Moscow apartment. Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett. Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave, who asked for Browne's help. Redgrave documented the incident in his autobiography without mentioning Browne’s involvement with the incident. Browne addressed some press speculation that she had in fact plagiarized Redgrave's story in various interviews to

"Notting Hill (film)"
Notting Hill, who Michell believes were ""genuinely excited"" about the film. The location manager Sue Quinn, described finding locations and getting permission to film as ""a mammoth task"". Quinn and the rest of her team had to write to thousands of people in the area, promising to donate to each person's favourite charity, resulting in 200 charities receiving money. Stuart Craig, the production designer, was pleased to do a contemporary film, saying ""we're dealing with streets with thousands of people, market traders, shop owners and residents which makes it really complex"". Filming began on 17 April 1998 in West London

Richards. It was built in 1853 and was purchased by the Ministry of Supply in 1952 who used as an Officers Mess. In 2004 it was purchased by a consortium headed by Crest Nicholson PLC since when it has been used for several film and TV dramas. It and other locations in Turville were chosen because of their proximity to London. The production was filmed on a limited budget, and writer Peter Harness had to cut or reduce several planned scenes for budgetary reasons. A View from a Hill (film) A View from a Hill is a 2005 British television

"This Is England"
for the film's auditions. The film was dedicated to Turgoose's mother, Sharon, who died of cancer on 29 December 2005; while she never saw the film, she saw a short preview. The cast attended her funeral. The film is set in an unidentified town in the Midlands. Although much of the film was shot on location in Nottingham, a number of scenes portray the town's docks, which precludes this inland city being the setting for the action. Similarly, the dialects of the main characters are drawn from a wide geographical area. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 93% of critics

"A Field in England"
was part of a resurgence with films like ""The Artist"", ""Much Ado About Nothing"", ""Frances Ha"" and ""Nebraska"". Wheatley said he and cinematographer Laurie Rose made a spontaneous decision to film in black and white. Wheatley and Rose watched ""Culloden"" and other films by Peter Watkins, as well as arthouse films from the 1960s and 1970s, to explore the style. The pair experimented with camera tests before filming ""A Field in England"" and committed to the ""unfussy"" style. With a production budget of £300,000, filming began in late September 2012. It took place in the countryside outside Guildford in Surrey.

"Hampton Loade railway station"
75 years after being scrapped, it has been in the final stages of restoration back to its opulent Barry Railway condition for several years. The station has been used as the filming location for many films and TV programmes, including ""The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain"", ""Mad Dogs"" and a 1970s serial. Hampton Loade railway station Hampton Loade railway station is a station on the Severn Valley Railway heritage line, close to the hamlet of Hampton on the western bank of the River Severn; Hampton Loade itself is on the eastern bank, and may

"Syon House"
remain unexplained, such as the discovery of skeletons ""buried in ditches placed on their side"". Although the skeletons date from the Roman period, this burial practice was said by the senior archaeologist to be ""more suggestive of unknown prehistoric rites than Roman practice"". Syon Park is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Despite being on the usually noisy final approach for London Heathrow Airport, the historic house and garden are a popular filming location particularly for films and television programmes, including: Syon House Syon House , and its 200-acre (80 hectare) park, Syon Park, is in west London, historically within

Eyeries
Eyeries Eyeries (historically spelt ""Irees"" or ""Iries""; ) is a village and townland on the Beara Peninsula in County Cork, Ireland overlooking Coulagh Bay and the mouth of the Kenmare River in the south-west. It lies at the base of Maulin, which, at , is the highest peak in the Slieve Miskish mountain range that forms part of the backbone of the peninsula. Eyeries was the location for the shooting of the film ""The Purple Taxi"" (1977) starring Fred Astaire, Peter Ustinov, and Charlotte Rampling, and also the 1998 TV series ""Falling for a Dancer"", a dramatisation of life and

"Noli Me Tángere (novel)"
also attempted to investigate the nun's case, but by then the abbess prohibited visits to the convent. Nothing more was said again about María Clara. Rizal finished the novel in December 1886. At first, according to one of Rizal's biographers, Rizal feared the novel might not be printed, and that it would remain unread. He was struggling with financial constraints at the time and thought it would be hard to pursue printing the novel. Financial aid came from a friend named Máximo Viola; this helped him print the book at Berliner Buchdruckerei-Aktiengesellschaft in Berlin. Rizal was initially hesitant, but Viola

Noli Me Tángere (novel) Noli Me Tángere (Latin for ""Don't Touch Me"") is a novel written by José Rizal, one of the national heroes of the Philippines, during the colonization of the country by Spain to describe perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the ruling government. Originally written in Spanish, the book is more commonly published and read in the Philippines in either Tagalog or English. Together with its sequel, ""El Filibusterismo"", the reading of ""Noli"" is obligatory for high school students throughout the country. The two novels are widely considered as the national epic of the Philippines

to pressure from the Church against the book. The persecution can be discerned from Rizal's letter to Leitmeritz: Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao, then later arrested for ""inciting rebellion"" based largely on his writings. Rizal was executed by firing squad at the Luneta outside Manila's walls on December 30, 1896 at the age of thirty-five, at the park that now bears his name. Rizal depicted nationality by emphasizing the positive qualities of Filipinos: the devotion of a Filipina and her influence on a man's life, the deep sense of gratitude, and the solid common sense of the Filipinos

insisted and ended up lending Rizal ₱300 for 2,000 copies. The printing was finished earlier than the estimated five months. Viola arrived in Berlin in December 1886, and by March 21, 1887, Rizal had sent a copy of the novel to his friend, Blumentritt. The book was banned by Spanish authorities in the Philippines, although copies were smuggled into the country. The first Philippine edition (and the second published edition) was finally printed in 1899 in Manila by Chofre y Compania in Escolta. On August 21, 2007, a 480-page English-language version of ""Noli me tangere"" was released to major Australian

"José Rizal"
bierbrauerie, or beerhall, to speak German with my student friends."" He lived in a Karlstraße boarding house then moved to Ludwigsplatz. There, he met Reverend Karl Ullmer and stayed with them in Wilhelmsfeld, where he wrote the last few chapters of ""Noli Me Tángere"". Rizal was a polymath, skilled in both science and the arts. He painted, sketched, and made sculptures and woodcarving. He was a prolific poet, essayist, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, ""Noli Me Tángere"" and its sequel, ""El filibusterismo"". These social commentaries during the Spanish colonization of the country formed the nucleus

Staged in 2014 in Washington, DC, produced by Edwin Josue at Eisenhower Theater, Kennedy Center. Staged in 2016 in Richmond, Virginia, produced by Capitol Opera Richmond at Henrico Theatre. To be staged in June 2017 in Boston, produced by KGB Productions and staged by Opera Brittenica, venue TBA. Noli Me Tángere (novel) Noli Me Tángere (Latin for ""Don't Touch Me"") is a novel written by José Rizal, one of the national heroes of the Philippines, during the colonization of the country by Spain to describe perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the ruling government. Originally written in Spanish,

Makamisa
Makamisa Makamisa (English: After mass) is an unfinished novel written by Filipino patriot and writer José Rizal. The original manuscript was found by historian Ambeth Ocampo in 1987 while he was going through a 245-page collection of papers. This draft is written in pure, vernacular Lagueño Tagalog and has no written direct signature or date of inscription. The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic ancillary glyphs. Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, ""Noli me tangere"" and

His last words were those of Jesus Christ: """"consummatum est"""", – ""it is finished."" He was secretly buried in Pacò Cemetery in Manila with no identification on his grave. His sister Narcisa toured all possible gravesites and found freshly turned earth at the cemetery with guards posted at the gate. Assuming this could be the most likely spot, there never having any ground burials, she made a gift to the caretaker to mark the site ""RPJ"", Rizal's initials in reverse. His undated poem ""Mi último adiós"", believed to have been written a few days before his execution, was hidden in

help Rizal with the novel did not write anything. Initially, the novel was planned to cover and describe all phases of Filipino life, but almost everybody wanted to write about women. Rizal even saw his companions spend more time gambling and flirting with Spanish women. Because of this, he pulled out of the plan of co-writing with others and decided to draft the novel alone. Crisóstomo Ibarra, the mestizo son of recently deceased Don Rafael Ibarra, is returning to San Diego in Laguna after seven years of study in Europe. Capitan Tiago, a family friend, bids him to spend his

"Mi último adiós"
Mi último adiós Mi Último Adiós (English; “My Last Farewell”) is a poem written by Philippine national hero Dr. José Rizal on the eve of his execution by firing squad on 30 December 1896. The piece was one of the last notes he wrote before his death; another that he had written was found in his shoe but because the text was illegible, its contents today remain a mystery. Mi Ultimo A Dios ""On the afternoon of Dec. 29, 1896, a day before his execution, Dr. José Rizal was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa, Trinidád, Maria

"The Star-Spangled Banner"
Lee Roth both referenced parts of the anthem and played part of a hard rock rendition of the anthem on his song, ""Yankee Rose"" on his 1986 solo album, ""Eat 'Em and Smile"". Steven Tyler also caused some controversy in 2001 (at the Indianapolis 500, to which he later issued a public apology) and again in 2012 (at the AFC Championship Game) with a cappella renditions of the song with changed lyrics. In 2016, Aretha Franklin performed a rendition before the nationally-televised Minnesota Vikings-Detroit Lions Thanksgiving Day game lasting more than four minutes and featuring a host of improvizations. It

"Super Bowl LI"
a Super Bowl since Billy Joel at Super Bowl XLI. Immediately before Bryan sang the national anthem, Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones, who originated the roles of the Schuyler sisters in the Broadway musical ""Hamilton"", performed ""America the Beautiful"". After the national anthem, former President George H. W. Bush performed the coin toss alongside his wife, Barbara. The Patriots called heads, but the Falcons won the coin toss with tails. The Falcons chose to defer to the second half. On September 29, 2016, Lady Gaga, who had performed the national anthem the previous year at Super

aired a special episode of ""The Simpsons"" (""Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass"") and the series premiere of ""American Dad!"" (""Pilot""), except in Philadelphia and Boston, where local newscasts delayed the premieres by an hour. Before the game, performances came from the Black Eyed Peas, Earth Wind & Fire, Charlie Daniels, John Fogerty, and Gretchen Wilson. Shortly before kickoff, Alicia Keys sang ""America the Beautiful,"" paying tribute to Ray Charles, who died in June 2004. The combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy, and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy (including members

"Performances and adaptations of The Star-Spangled Banner"
Aguilera sang the national anthem at Super Bowl XLV in February 2011 between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Green Bay Packers, and changed the lyrics of the fourth line from ""o'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming"" to the alteration of the second line ""what so proudly we watched at the twilight's last gleaming"" while she sang the anthem at the Super Bowl. She later apologized, saying that ""I got so lost in the moment of the song that I lost my place."" At the December 5, 2010 NFL game between the Denver Broncos and the Kansas City

"Super Bowl XXVIII"
musician Charlie Daniels, and the Morehouse College Marching Band. The United States Trampoline Association (USTA) performed on 4 trampolines during ""Jump-Jump"" performed by Kris Kross. Later, singer Natalie Cole, accompanied by the Atlanta University Center Chorus, sang the national anthem. To honor the 25th anniversary of the New York Jets' upset win in Super Bowl III, that game's MVP, former Jets quarterback Joe Namath joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled ""Rockin' Country Sunday"" and featured country music stars Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, and Wynonna Judd. The show's finale included a special appearance by Naomi

"U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)"
the national anthem singer for the home games of the Ravens, resigned citing the ""tone/actions of a large number of NFL fans in the midst of our country's cultural crisis"". Former Chicago Bears coach Mike Ditka commented, ""If you don't respect our country, then you shouldn't be in this country playing football ... So I would say, adios."" He added that he was ""not condemning anybody or criticizing anybody"" in his remarks. According to Ditka, ""there has been no oppression in the last 100 years that I know of."" Stevie Wonder knelt during the 2017 Global Citizen Festival on September

"The Champion (song)"
The Champion (song) ""The Champion"" is a song recorded by American country music singer Carrie Underwood, featuring rapper Ludacris. The song was released on January 12, 2018, and was recorded to serve as an opening theme for NBC's television broadcast of Super Bowl LII. It was included as a bonus track on Underwood's sixth studio album ""Cry Pretty"". The song entered at number 47 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in the United States. The song's lyrics revolve around recovery from obstacles. The song was relevant to both Super Bowl LII and the 2018 Winter Olympics, which were both being broadcast

of the Pro Football Hall of Fame that had played college football at historically black colleges and universities. Of the 303 members of the Hall of Fame, 29 were from HBCUs. The Patriots took the field first as the designated away team to Ozzy Osbourne's ""Crazy Train"". The Falcons took the field second as the designated home team to Trick Daddy's ""Let's Go"". Both teams' season recaps were presented by Ving Rhames. Before the game, American country music singer and songwriter Luke Bryan sang the US national anthem. Bryan was the first male performer to sing the national anthem at

"Into the Woods (film)"
and fedora. As noted above, the majority of the songs were pre-recorded by the cast. Music producer Mike Higham, who had previously worked with Sondheim on ""Sweeney Todd"": ""The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"", recorded the film's score with the London Symphony Orchestra and London Philharmonic. Music supervisor and conductor Paul Gemignani instructed the actors on how to sing, including singing live to a camera on set, to prerecorded music in studio, and with a live studio orchestra. Jonathan Tunick orchestrated Sondheim's original music. The key to the song, ""Hello, Little Girl,"" was altered to better suit Johnny Depp's lower

"Into the Woods (soundtrack)"
Into the Woods (soundtrack) Into the Woods is the soundtrack album to the 2014 Walt Disney Pictures musical fantasy film of the same name. The album features music written and composed by Stephen Sondheim, and featuring vocals from the film's ensemble cast including Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Johnny Depp, Daniel Huttlestone, Lilla Crawford, MacKenzie Mauzy, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Tammy Blanchard, and Lucy Punch. Two editions of the soundtrack were released by Walt Disney Records on December 16, 2014: a single-disc traditional edition, and a two-disc digipak deluxe edition. Walt Disney Records subsequently released

"Into the Woods"
with the second act completely removed, as well as almost half the material from the first. The show is shortened from the original 2 and a half hours to fit in a 50-minute range, and the music transposed into keys that more easily fit young voices. A theatrical film adaptation of the musical was produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Rob Marshall, and starring Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. The film was released on December 25, 2014. It was

and orchestrate the music for the film at Angel Recording Studios in London, with the cast's vocals being recorded separately. Into the Woods (soundtrack) Into the Woods is the soundtrack album to the 2014 Walt Disney Pictures musical fantasy film of the same name. The album features music written and composed by Stephen Sondheim, and featuring vocals from the film's ensemble cast including Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Johnny Depp, Daniel Huttlestone, Lilla Crawford, MacKenzie Mauzy, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Tammy Blanchard, and Lucy Punch. Two editions of the soundtrack were released by Walt Disney

July 2013, before filming began, Marshall put the cast through six weeks of rehearsals on a soundstage and blocked their scenes. In August, the cast members visited Angel Recording Studios to separately record their respective parts in the presence of Sondheim himself. Over 90% of the vocal tracks in the final version of the film are from the recording studio sessions, while the rest were recorded on location or on the set. The advantage of blocking and rehearsing all scenes first was that the cast members could then precisely calibrate their voices in the recording studio to the planned appearance

Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of ""Little Red Riding Hood"", ""Cinderella"", ""Jack and the Beanstalk"", and ""Rapunzel"", the film is a fantasy genre

included the addition of the song ""Our Little World,"" a duet for the Witch and Rapunzel written for the first London production, the addition of a second wolf in the song ""Hello Little Girl"" who competes for Little Red's attention with the first Wolf, the portrayal of Jack's cow by a live performer (Chad Kimball) in an intricate costume and new lyrics were written for ""The Last Midnight,"" now sung by the Witch as a menacing lullaby to the Baker's baby. This production featured Scenic design by Douglas W. Schmidt, Costume design by Susan Hilferty, Lighting design by Brian MacDevitt,

Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel. A reading was held with a cast that included Robin Williams as the Baker, Goldie Hawn as the Baker's Wife, Cher as the Witch, Danny DeVito as the Giant, Steve Martin as the Wolf, and Roseanne Barr as Jack's Mother. By 1991, Columbia Pictures and Jim Henson Productions were also developing a film adaptation with Craig Zadan as producer and Rob Minkoff as director. In 1997, Columbia put the film into turnaround, with Minkoff still attached as director, and Billy Crystal, Meg Ryan, and Susan Sarandon reportedly in talks to star. After the report by

the most notable change was the addition of the song ""No One Is Alone"" in the middle of the run. ""Into The Woods"" opened on Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on November 5, 1987, and closed on September 3, 1989 after 765 performances. It starred Bernadette Peters, Joanna Gleason, Chip Zien, Kim Crosby, Ben Wright, Danielle Ferland, Chuck Wagner, Merle Louise, Tom Aldredge, and Robert Westenberg. The musical was directed by James Lapine, with musical staging by Lar Lubovitch, settings by Tony Straiges, lighting by Richard Nelson, costumes by Ann Hould-Ward (based on original concepts by Patricia Zipprodt and

second trailer was released on November 6, 2014. The film held its world premiere at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 8, 2014. It was released theatrically in the United States on December 25, 2014. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download in North America on March 24, 2015. The film debuted in second place on the home media charts behind """". The home media version includes Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine's original song """"She'll Be Back"""". ""Into the Woods"" grossed $128 million in North America, and $85.1 million in

which country has won maximum number of gold medal in asian game 2014

"2014 Asian Games"
flight tickets and accommodation to all the participants, while India did not make any changes to its offer. All 45 members voted, with voting held in secret ballot. Later that day, it was announced that Incheon won the rights. Though the vote results were not released, it was revealed that Incheon won by 32–13. It was widely felt that Delhi's lack of enthusiasm to host the event was the primary reason for its loss. Then Union Sports Minister of India, Mani Shankar Aiyar, spoke strongly against Delhi hosting the games and argued that it was better if the money allocated

"2014 Asian Games medal table"
2014 Asian Games medal table The 2014 Asian Games, officially known as the XVII Asiad, is the largest sporting event in Asia governed by Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). It was held at Incheon, South Korea between September 19 – October 4, 2014, with 439 events in 36 sports and disciplines set to feature in the Games. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On 30 September 2014, the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) announced that Malaysian Tai Cheau Xuen had been stripped of her gold medal in the women's nanquan event after she tested positive for sibutramine. As a result, Indonesian Juwita Niza Wasni was

"Asian Games"
of the host country.It was established in 2011, that the Games program would respect the eventual changes to the Olympic Games program along with this, eight extremely popular sports in Asia are in the program, plus up to 7 chosen by the local organization. Of the 46 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, 43 nations have won at least a single medal in the competition, leaving three nations: Bhutan, Maldives and Timor-Leste yet to win a single medal. 38 nations have won at least one gold medal (only Japan and India have done so at every

United States-born players Quincy Davis, Andray Blatche, and Aaron Haynes from the Chinese Taipei, Filipino, and South Korean teams. During the Games there were several controversies, mostly revolving around poor officiating. The vast majority of poor judging allegations occurred in boxing, highlighted by the controversial semifinal loss of Indian lightweight boxer Laishram Sarita Devi against eventual silver medalist Park Jina of South Korea. The judging of the match, Sarita Devi's refusal to accept the bronze medal, and her questionable behavior at the medal ceremony received widespread international attention and sparked numerous debates. The high volume of controversial boxing decisions led

awarded the gold, China's Wei Hong was awarded the silver and Indonesia's Ivana Ardelia Irmanto awarded the bronze. On 3 October 2014, Chinese athlete Zhang Wenxiu had been stripped of her gold medal in the women's hammer throw after she tested positive for the prohibited substance zeranol, However, on 6 May 2015 the Court of Arbitration for Sport reinstated her gold medal on her appeal after ruling that the zeranol came from contaminated food. On 27 May 2015, South Korean Park Tae-hwan had been stripped of his six medals after he tested positive for nebido before the games. Park participated

were deemed generally successful with its low hosting cost and with the rising standard of competition amongst the Asian nations. Two cities bid for the Games. Both New Delhi (India) and Incheon (South Korea) submitted their formal bid on 2 December 2006 in Doha, Qatar. The vote was held on 17 April 2007 at the Marriott Hotel in Kuwait City, Kuwait, during the OCA's general assembly. During the final presentation prior to voting, Incheon made a new offer, raising USD$20 million funds to support the countries that are yet to win a medal in the Games. It also offered free

"Cricket at the 2014 Asian Games"
event, Pakistan won the Gold medal by defeating Bangladesh by 4 runs in a rain-reduced match while Bangladesh won the Silver medal. Sri Lanka won the Bronze medal by defeating China in the play-off for third place. The two Test teams (Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) and two ODI teams (Afghanistan and Hong Kong) were seeded and went directly to the knock-out stage. The two Test teams (Pakistan and Sri Lanka), a ODI team Bangladesh, and Japan (who won the Bronze medal in the 2010 Asian Games) were seeded and went directly to the knock-out stage. <nowiki>*</nowiki> China replaced Thailand in

October 2014, although several events had commenced from 14 September 2014. Around 9,501 athletes participated in the event which featured 439 events in 36 sports. It was opened by the President of South Korea, Park Geun-hye at the Incheon Asiad Main Stadium. The final medal tally was led by China, followed by host South Korea and Japan, while Cambodia won its' first ever Asian Games gold medal. 14 World and 27 Asian records were broken during the Games. Japanese swimmer Kosuke Hagino was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games. Though there were several controversies, the Games

wrapped up the closing ceremony, featured CNBLUE, Big Bang and Sistar. China led the medal table for the ninth consecutive time. Cambodia won their first Asian Games gold medal in taekwondo. A total of 37 NOCs won at least one medal, and 28 NOCs won at least one gold medal. 8 NOCs failed to win any medal at the Games. The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, South Korea, is highlighted. All 45 members of the Olympic Council of Asia participated, this including North Korea, who initially threatened to boycott the Games after

approximately US$1.62 billion, with the Korean government and Incheon government covering 19% and 78.9% respectively. Of the total budget, some US$1.39 billion was used for the construction of venue and infrastructure, while approximately US$11 million covered the building and maintenance of training grounds. Around US$103 million was allocated for road and transportation projects. However, a report in April 2012 suggested the city was under pressure on its financial due to uprising debt. The IAGOC saved US$34 million after agreeing to reduce from 15,000 to 2,025 athletes to be provided free of charge for transportation and accommodation. The torch was revealed

were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007. States with observer status include Australia, China, the European Union, Iran, Japan, Mauritius, Myanmar, South Korea and the United States. On 2 August 2006, the foreign ministers of the SAARC countries agreed in principle to grant observer status to three applicants; the US and South Korea (both made requests in April 2006), as well as the European Union (requested in July 2006). On 4 March 2007, Iran requested observer status, followed shortly by Mauritius. Myanmar has expressed interest

"South Asia"
countries, started in 1985 with seven countriesBangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lankaand added Afghanistan as an eighth member in 2007. China and Myanmar have also applied for the status of full members of SAARC. This bloc of countries include two independent countries that were not part of the British Raj – Nepal, and Bhutan. Afghanistan was a British protectorate from 1878 until 1919, after the Afghans lost to the British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war. The World Factbook, based on geo-politics, people, and economy defines South Asia as comprising Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, British Indian Ocean Territory,

"Member states of the Arab League"
as well as Brazil and Venezuela, which have large and influential Arab communities. India is another observer to the Arab League, with a sizable number of people claiming Arab descent. Armenia was granted observer status in 2004. Only five Arabic-speaking countries remain outside of the League: Chad, Eritrea, Israel, Malta and South Sudan. Additionally, there are also two other Arabic-speaking states with limited recognition – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and Somaliland – but their disputed status, being claimed by League members Morocco and Somalia respectively, makes their membership unlikely for the foreseeable future. Chad's membership was endorsed by the Egyptian

"Climate Vulnerable Forum"
most affected by the catastrophes rooted from climate change. The members of the bloc are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Nepal, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Vietnam. During the 2nd V20 Ministerial Dialogue in April 2016 in Washington DC, the V20 recognized the 23 new members that joined the CVF in 2015 as incoming members in the V20 initiative. These countries are currently and diversely affected by various climate change problems such as super storms, storm surges, tsunamis, droughts, famine due to climate factors, food shortage as by-product of

"Member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency"
a member in 1957, withdrew its membership in 1970, and rejoined in 1977, Honduras joined in 1957, withdrew in 1967, and rejoined in 2003, while Cambodia joined in 1958, withdrew in 2003, and rejoined in 2009. In addition, the Republic of China (Taiwan), which is currently only recognized by , joined the IAEA on 10 September 1957. However, the United Nations General Assembly vote to transfer China's seat to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1971, after which China ceased to be a member of the IAEA until the PRC joined in 1984. An additional five states have been

"Commonwealth of Nations"
2002 on the grounds of alleged human rights violations and deliberate misgovernment, and Zimbabwe's government terminated its membership in 2003. The Gambia left the Commonwealth on 3 October 2013, and rejoined on 8 February 2018. The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth on 13 October 2016. The Maldivian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that ""the Commonwealth has not recognised [...] the progress and achievements that the Maldives accomplished in cultivating a culture of democracy in the country and in building and strengthening democratic institutions"". The Ministry also cited the Commonwealth's ""punitive actions against the Maldives since 2012"" after the allegedly forced

"South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation"
Program in 2001. Maldives and Sri Lanka were welcomed as new member countries in May 2014. Myanmar became the seventh member of SASEC in February 2017. The organization adopted the SASEC operational plan in November 2016 and launched its subregional strategic development road map in April 2017. In 2005, the SASEC countries agreed on priority sectors for investment and coordinated action: transport, trade facilitation, and energy. In 2016, the SASEC countries approved the SASEC Operational Plan 2016-2025, a 10-year strategic roadmap, which introduced economic corridor development (ECD) as a fourth sectoral area of focus. SASEC also supports regional initiatives in

"Member states of the Union of South American Nations"
created by Hugo Chávez to sideline existing international treaties and referring to it as an accomplice to what they referred to as the dictatorship in Venezuela. Member states of the Union of South American Nations There are currently twelve member states of the Union of South American Nations, though six member states suspended their participation in the organization in April 2018. Of these, two belong to CARICOM, four belong to the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), and four to Mercosur. Six member states suspended their participation in the organization in April 2018. On 28 August 2018, Colombian president Iván Duque

"Derek Jacobi"
Derek Jacobi Sir Derek George Jacobi (; born 22 October 1938) is an English actor and stage director. A ""forceful, commanding stage presence"", Jacobi has enjoyed a successful stage career, appearing in such stage productions as ""Hamlet"", ""Uncle Vanya"", and ""Oedipus the King"". He has twice been awarded a Laurence Olivier Award, first for his performance of the eponymous hero in ""Cyrano de Bergerac"" in 1983 and the second for his Malvolio in ""Twelfth Night"" in 2009. He also received a Tony Award for his performance in ""Much Ado About Nothing"" in 1984 and a Primetime Emmy Award in 1988

"Timon of Athens"
fraud in the City of London and the British media. The play was directed by Nicholas Hytner. The National Theatre production was broadcast live to cinemas worldwide on 1 November 2012 as part of the National Theatre Live programme. Rarely performed, Timon of Athens was produced for TV as part of the BBC Television Shakespeare series in 1981 with Jonathan Pryce as Timon, Norman Rodway as Apemantus, John Welsh as Flavius, and John Shrapnel as Alcibiades, with Diana Dors as Timandra, Tony Jay as the Merchant, Sebastian Shaw as the Old Athenian, and John Fortune and John Bird as Poet

Wells in 1851. It has played once on Broadway, in 1993, with Brian Bedford in the title role. This was a production of The Public Theater, which revived the play in February 2011 with Richard Thomas in the lead role, citing it as a play for the Great Recession. The Chicago Shakespeare Theater first staged the play in 1997. It was the company's first modern-dress production. In April 2012, C.S.T. again staged the play with the Scottish actor Ian McDiarmid playing Timon. The play was given a new ending by director, Barbara Gaines. In August 2011, the Hudson Shakespeare Company

be apoplectic with rage"". In March 2006, four months after civil partnerships were introduced in the United Kingdom, Jacobi registered his civil partnership with theatre director Richard Clifford, his partner of 30 years. They live in Primrose Hill, North London. He was a Grand Marshal of the 46th New York City Gay Pride March in 2015. Derek Jacobi Sir Derek George Jacobi (; born 22 October 1938) is an English actor and stage director. A ""forceful, commanding stage presence"", Jacobi has enjoyed a successful stage career, appearing in such stage productions as ""Hamlet"", ""Uncle Vanya"", and ""Oedipus the King"". He

"The 39 Steps (play)"
productions, with McKintosh designing, and Edwards transferred to these productions as Richard Hannay, the only actor from the UK cast to do so. The other actors in the premiere US productions were Jennifer Ferrin, Arnie Burton and Cliff Saunders. Edwards concluded his run on 6 July 2008 and Sam Robards took over the role of Richard Hannay. Jeffrey Kuhn and Francesca Faridany joined the cast on 28 October 2008. In December 2008 it was announced that Sean Mahon would take over the role of Richard Hannay. The show had its final Broadway performance on 10 January 2010 after 771 performances,

"Timothy Speyer"
Timothy Speyer Timothy Speyer (born 4 May 1968 in Bromley, South East London) is a British actor, most notable for his stage work. He trained at GSA (The Guildford School of Acting) and graduated in 1994 as winner of the Max Adrian Cup. He has since worked and toured, with appearances at virtually every regional touring theatre in the UK, as well as at The National Theatre, The RSC, Shakespeare’s Globe and in London's West End. He has worked with the theatre director Sir Peter Hall, appearing in Hall's 2007 production of Pygmalion at the Theatre Royal Bath and on

"Big Fish (musical)"
as Karl the Giant, Brenden Lovett as Amos Calloway/Doctor Bennet, Zoe Ioannou as the Girl in the Water, Zachary Webster as the Frustrated Fisherman, and Sam Wood and Brendan Godwin sharing the role of Young Will. The production was the 12 Chairs version, produced by RPG Productions and directed by Tyran Parke. The show received its London premiere in November 2017 at The Other Palace, starring Kelsey Grammer, Jamie Muscato and Matthew Seadon-Young. Sources: PlaybillVault; Internet Broadway database ""Big Fish"" was orchestrated by Larry Hochman, with additional orchestrations by Bruce Coughlin, for a fourteen-piece orchestra. The instrumentation calls for two

"Åsleik Engmark"
Åsleik Engmark Åsleik Engmark (27 December 1965 – 12 February 2017) was a Norwegian comedian, actor, singer, director and stage writer, best known for his work as one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget, and as Timon in the Norwegian version of ""The Lion King"". Engmark was one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget in 1987. The following year, at the age of 22, he made his solo debut at Det Norske Teatret (The Norwegian Theatre) in Oslo, in the Norwegian original cast of ""Les Misérables"", the third Cameron Mackintosh ""Les Mis"" production in

"Danny Rutigliano"
Danny Rutigliano Danny Rutigliano is an American actor. He appeared on Broadway in ""The Best Little Whorehouse Goes Public"" in 1994. He has appeared in ""The Lion King"" on Broadway, portraying the character Timon; he left the show in April 2010. A member of the original cast as the understudy, he also originated the role of Timon in the L.A. Production of ""The Lion King"", for which he received the Ovation Award for Best Featured Actor. He appeared in the Broadway revival of ""Born Yesterday"" in 2011. He starred in Cirque du Soleil's ""Banana Shpeel"" in New York City in

and Painter. This Elizabethan/Jacobean historical period drama production was directed by Jonathan Miller. ""I, Timon"" was released in 2016 premiered at the 2017 Hoboken International Film Festival (where it was nominated for ""Best Director"" and ""Best Cinematography""). Bramwell Noah appears in the title role (and is also responsible for the original adaptation of the play for the big screen). The Noah brothers cinematic treatment of this long neglected Shakespeare masterwork also features a soundtrack based on the musical score Hexachordum Apollinis by Johann Pachelbel. In 1678 Thomas Shadwell produced a popular adaptation, ""The History of Timon of Athens, the Man-Hater,""

"Democratic-Republican Party"
republicanism. They distrusted the Federalist tendency to centralize and loosely interpret the Constitution, believing these policies were signs of monarchism and anti-republican values. The party splintered in 1824, with the faction loyal to Andrew Jackson coalescing into the Jacksonian movement (which would soon acquire the name Democratic Party), the faction led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay forming the National Republican Party and some other groups going on to form the Anti-Masonic Party. The National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and other opponents of Andrew Jackson later formed themselves into the Whig Party. During the time that this party existed, it was

the opposition to corruption, elitism, aristocracy and monarchy. The word is used in the United States Constitution. A split appeared in the then Republican party during the 1824 elections (at the end of the Monroe administration). When the election was thrown to the House of Representatives, Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams to deny the presidency to Andrew Jackson, a longtime political rival. Jackson defeated Adams in 1828 and in the next election the first Democratic national convention took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 21–23, 1832. It nominated Andrew Jackson for a second term and he went on to

during the Era of Good Feelings after 1816. The party selected its presidential candidates in a caucus of members of Congress. They included Thomas Jefferson (nominated 1796; elected 1800–1801, 1804), James Madison (1808, 1812) and James Monroe (1816, 1820). By 1824, the caucus system had practically collapsed. After 1800, the party dominated Congress and most state governments outside New England. By 1824, the party was also split four ways and lacked a center as the First Party System collapsed. The emergence of the Second Party System in the 1820s and 30s realigned the old factions. One remnant followed Andrew Jackson

votes for Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The tie sent the election to the House and Federalists there blocked any choice. Hamilton, believing that Burr would be a poor choice for president, intervened and let Jefferson win, a move that would result in the collapse of the Federalist Party and Hamilton's death four years later at the hands of Burr himself in a pistol duel. Starting in 1800 in what Jefferson called the ""Revolution of 1800"", the party took control of the presidency and both houses of Congress, beginning a quarter century of control of those institutions. A faction called ""Old

almost half as fairly independent. Albert Gallatin recalled only two caucuses on legislative policy between 1795 and 1801, one over appropriations for Jay's Treaty and the other over the Quasi-War, but in neither case did the party decide to vote unanimously. The new party invented campaign and organizational techniques that were later adopted by the Federalists and became standard American practice. It was especially effective in building a network of newspapers in major cities to broadcast its statements and editorialize its policies. Fisher Ames, a leading Federalist, used the term ""Jacobin"" to link members of Jefferson's party to the radicals

central organization grew out of caucuses of Congressional leaders in Washington. However, the key battles to choose electors occurred in the states, not in the caucus. In many cases, legislatures still chose electors; and in others, the election of electors was heavily influenced by local parties that were heavily controlled by relatively small groups of officials. Without a significant Federalist opposition, the need for party unity was greatly diminished and the party's organization faded away. James Monroe ran under the party's banner in the 1820 election and built support by consensus. Monroe faced no serious rival and was nearly unanimously

Democratic-Republican Party The Democratic-Republican Party (formally the Republican Party) was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was Secretary of the Treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration. From 1801 to 1825, the new party controlled the presidency and Congress as well as most states during the First Party System. It began in 1791 as one faction in Congress and included many politicians who had been opposed to the new constitution. They called themselves Republicans after their ideology,

"History of the United States Republican Party"
reduce its influence. Among such ""Lily White"" leaders in the early 20th century, Arkansas' Wallace Townsend was the party's gubernatorial nominee in 1916 and 1920 and its veteran national GOP committeeman. Starting in the 1870s, Southern Republicans were divided into two factions: the lily-white faction, which was practically all-white; and the biracial black-and-tan faction. The factionalism flared up in 1928 and 1952. The final victory of its opponent the lily-white faction came in 1964. The party split into factions in the late 1870s. The Stalwarts, followers of Senator Roscoe Conkling, defended the spoils system. The Half-Breeds, who followed Senator James

"Democratic Party (United States)"
Party organized by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. The party favored republicanism; a weak federal government; states' rights; agrarian interests (especially Southern planters); strict adherence to the Constitution; and it opposed a national bank, close ties to Great Britain and business and banking interests. The Democratic-Republican Party came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812, the Federalists virtually disappeared and the only national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The era of one-party rule in the United States, known as the Era of Good Feelings,

divisive issue that further fractured the fault lines of the Democrats' coalition. After the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964, President Johnson committed a large contingency of combat troops to Vietnam, but the escalation failed to drive the Viet Cong from South Vietnam, resulting in an increasing quagmire, which by 1968 had become the subject of widespread anti-war protests in the United States and elsewhere. With increasing casualties and nightly news reports bringing home troubling images from Vietnam, the costly military engagement became increasingly unpopular, alienating many of the kinds of young voters that the Democrats had attracted the early

"Johnny Unitas"
passing records during his career. He was the first quarterback to throw for more than 40,000 yards, despite playing during an era when NFL teams played shorter seasons of 12 or 14 games (as opposed to today's 16-game seasons) and prior to modern passing-friendly rules implemented in 1978. His 32 touchdown passes in 1959 were a record at the time, making Unitas the first QB to hit the 30 touchdown mark in a season. His 47-game consecutive touchdown streak between 1956 and 1960 was a record considered by many to be unbreakable. The streak stood for 52 years before being

"Passer rating"
has the highest career rating of any non-QB with more than twenty attempts. Ben Roethlisberger holds the record for the most games with a perfect passer rating (4). As of 2012, 61 NFL quarterbacks have completed a game with a perfect passer rating of 158.3, and seven have done so multiple times. Phil Simms holds the record for the highest passer rating in a Super Bowl, at 150.92 in Super Bowl XXI. Passer rating Passer rating (also known as quarterback rating, QB rating, or passing efficiency in college football) is a measure of the performance of passers, primarily quarterbacks, in

"2,000-yard club"
the course of the season. 500 of these yards were recorded in two games against the Cleveland Browns, with Lewis rushing for a then-NFL record 295 yards in the first and recording 205 rushing yards in the second. Tennessee Titans running back Chris Johnson ran for 2,006 yards in 2009, averaging 5.6 yards per carry, and also recorded an NFL-record 2,509 yards from scrimmage. Minnesota Vikings back Adrian Peterson is the most recent player to have surpassed 2,000 yards rushing, having finished the 2012 season with 2,097 yards rushing, just 8 yards short of Dickerson's record. Peterson had torn two

he finished the season with 2,003 rushing yards, averaging six yards per carry and an NFL-record 143.1 rushing yards per game. Los Angeles Rams running back Eric Dickerson, who had broken the single-season rookie rushing record in 1983, recorded the second 2,000-yard season in 1984. Dickerson rushed for 2,105 yards, the current NFL rushing record, and averaged 131.6 rushing yards per game. Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders recorded the third 2,000-yard season in 1997, rushing for 2,053 yards. At the age of 29, Sanders was the oldest back to surpass 2,000 yards. Sanders had opened the season with only

53 yards through two games, but ran for 100 yards or more in each of the last 14 games of the season and averaged 6.1 yards per carry during the season. In 1998 Denver Broncos running back Terrell Davis became the fourth player to rush for over 2,000 yards, running for 2,008 yards. Davis also recorded 21 rushing touchdowns in his 2,000-yard season, the only 2,000 yard rusher to do so. Davis had reached the 1,000-yard mark only seven games into the season. Baltimore Ravens running back Jamal Lewis surpassed 2,000 yards in the 2003 season, recording 2,066 yards over

Johnny Unitas John Constantine Unitas (; May 7, 1933 – September 11, 2002), nicknamed ""Johnny U"" and ""The Golden Arm"", was an American football player in the National Football League (NFL). He spent the majority of his career playing for the Baltimore Colts. He was a record-setting quarterback, and the NFL's most valuable player in 1959, 1964, and 1967. For 52 years he held the record for most consecutive games with a touchdown pass (which he set between 1956 and 1960), until quarterback Drew Brees broke his long standing record on October 7, 2012. Unitas was the prototype of the

2,000-yard club The 2,000-yard club is a group of seven National Football League (NFL) running backs that have rushed for 2,000 or more yards in a regular season. These seven rushing seasons rank as the highest single-season rushing totals in NFL history, and reaching the 2,000-yard mark is considered a significant achievement for running backs. No running back has yet achieved this feat twice. The first 2,000-yard season was recorded in 1973 by Buffalo Bills running back O.J. Simpson. Simpson is the only player to have surpassed 2,000 yards in a 14-game season, as all others occurred in 16-game seasons;

passing yards (2,899), touchdown passes (32), and completions (193). Unitas then led the Colts to a repeat championship, beating the Giants again 31–16 in the title game. As the 1960s began, the Colts' fortunes (and win totals) declined. Injuries to key players such as Alan Ameche, Raymond Berry, and Lenny Moore were a contributing factor. Unitas' streak of 47 straight games with at least one touchdown pass ended against the Los Angeles Rams in week 11 of the 1960 season. In spite of this, Unitas topped the 3000 yard passing mark for the first time and led the league in

"Total quarterback rating"
is unlikely that CBS, Fox, NBC, and other competing media outlets would want to heavily promote something that is proprietary to ESPN). Further controversy erupted when the Total QBR system gave the Denver Broncos' Tim Tebow a higher rating than the Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers in their respective Week 5 contests in 2011. Noting that Rodgers completed 26 of 39 passes for 396 yards and two touchdowns in a win over the Atlanta Falcons, while Tebow completed four of 10 passes for 79 yards and a touchdown, and six rushes for 38 yards and a touchdown, in a loss

"Steve Bartkowski"
achieved consecutive 30-touchdown passing seasons (1980 and 1981) at least one time in their career. Bartkowski was selected to the Pro Bowl after both the 1980 and 1981 seasons and was selected 2nd Team All-NFC following the 1980 campaign. Bartkowski led the NFL in passing in 1983 with a passer rating of 97.6. Bartkowski set the record for consecutive games with at least three touchdown passes at home with five which he established over the 1980 and 1981 seasons. The record was held until the 2004 season when it was surpassed by Peyton Manning. Bartkowski still holds almost every Falcons

"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS"
the 1920s and 1930s and were the only organized methods selecting national champions until the Associated Press began polling sportswriters in 1936 to obtain rankings. Alan J. Gould, the creator of the AP Poll, named Minnesota, Princeton, and SMU co-champions in 1935, and polled writers the following year, which resulted in a national championship for Minnesota. The AP's main competition, United Press, created the first Coaches Poll in 1950. For that year and the next three, the AP and UP agreed on the national champion. The first ""split"" championship occurred in 1954, when the writers selected Ohio State and the

Fame. The first contemporaneous poll to include teams across the country and selection of a national champions can be traced to Caspar Whitney in 1901. The last retroactive selection was made by Clyde Berryman in 1989 (Notre Dame). The tie was removed from college football in 1995 and the last consensus champion with a tie in its record was Georgia Tech in 1990. The 1947 Michigan Wolverines are often credited with a national championship on the basis of a ""free poll"" conducted by an AP sportswriter after the 1948 Rose Bowl, though that poll was unofficial and it is not

"Undisputed national championship"
college football history occurred in 1921, when six separate schools were all declared national champions of the same season. From 1910 to 1942, not one single title was undisputed. the 1943, 1948, 1963, 1971, and 1972 seasons ended with a single undisputed champion, but the next one to follow that would be the 2013 championship won by Florida State. In all, in the century from 1910 to 2009, multiple schools were awarded the championship 95 times. Many college football historians combat the severe splitting of titles by only recognizing titles issued by the AP Poll or the Coaches' Poll, and

crown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won five or more national titles: Alabama, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, USC, Miami (FL), Nebraska, and Ohio State. The years listed in the table below indicate a national championship selection by the AP or

Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid off, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll. Michigan State was named national champion in the final United Press International poll of coaches, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll. At the end of the 1947 season, the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular

table. <br> <br> <br> <br> The national title count listed below is a culmination of all championship awarded since 1869, regardless of consensus or non-consensus status, as listed in the table above according to the selectors deemed to be major as listed in the official ""NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records"" (minus the Harris Interactive poll, 2005–2013, that is listed but does not conduct a final poll or award a championship). The totals can be said to be disputed. Individual schools may claim national championships not accounted for by the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records or may not claim national championship

UPI from 1991 to 1992, with ""USA Today"" from 1993 to 1996, and with the FWAA from 2014 forward. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in ""italics"". For many years, the national champion of various polls were selected prior to the bowl games. The national champion was selected before bowl games as follows: AP (1936–1964 and 1966–1967), Coaches Poll (1950–1973), FWAA (1954), and NFF (1959–1970). In all other latter-day polls, champions were selected after bowl games. During the BCS era, the winner of the BCS Championship Game was automatically awarded the national championship of the Coaches Poll and

bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA has never held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to take the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season. While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. And

the National Football Foundation. College football historian Parke H. Davis is the only selector considered by the NCAA to have primarily used research in his selections. Davis did all of his work in 1933, naming retroactive national champions for most of the years from 1869 to 1932 while naming Michigan and Princeton (his alma mater) co-champions at the end of the 1933 season. The Bowl Championship Series used a mathematical system that combined polls (Coaches and AP/Harris) and multiple computer rankings (including some individual selectors listed above) to determine a season ending matchup between its top two ranked teams in

"NCAA Division I Football Championship"
at Finley Stadium in Chattanooga, Tennessee, the home field of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. In the five previous years (1992–1996) it was at Marshall University Stadium (now Joan C. Edwards Stadium) in Huntington, West Virginia. Since 2010, the title game has been played in Frisco, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas, at Toyota Stadium (known as Pizza Hut Park until the day after the championship game of the 2011 season, and then as FC Dallas Stadium until September 2013), a multi-purpose stadium primarily used by FC Dallas of Major League Soccer. The original contract with Frisco began in

"Languages of India"
Languages of India Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839). Article 343 of the Indian constitution stated that the official language of the Union should become Hindi in Devanagari script instead of the extant English. But this was

their own official languages, depending on their linguistic demographics. The official languages chosen reflect the predominant as well as politically significant languages spoken in that state. Certain states having a linguistically defined territory may have only the predominant language in that state as its official language, examples being Karnataka and Gujarat, which have Kannada and Gujarati as their sole official language respectively. Telangana, with a sizeable Urdu-speaking Muslim population, has two languages, Telugu and Urdu, as its official languages. Some states buck the trend by using minority languages as official languages. Jammu and Kashmir uses Urdu, which is spoken by

group are Hindi (or more correctly, Hindustani, which includes Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Konkani, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Assamese (Asamiya), Maithili and Odia. Aside from the Indo-Aryan languages, other Indo-European languages are also spoken in India, the most prominent of which is English, as a ""lingua franca"". The second largest language family is the Dravidian language family, accounting for some 277 million speakers, or approximately 20.5% as per 2018 estimate The Dravidian languages are spoken mainly in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in parts of northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal and

million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most commonly spoken language in India today, serves as the ""lingua franca"" across much of North and Central India. However,

of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Dravidian languages, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. At least 50% of the words in Marathi are either taken or derived from Sanskrit. Many scholars claim that Sanskrit has derived many words from Marathi. Marathi has also shared directions, vocabulary and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages, and foreign languages such as Persian, Arabic, English and a little from Portuguese. Telugu is the most widely spoken Dravidian language in India and around the world. Telugu is an official language in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam, making it one of the few languages (along with Hindi, Bengali,

languages, which have been referred to as ""scheduled"" languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of ""classical language"" to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature. According to the Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms ""language"" and ""dialect"". The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a

written in Brahmi-derived scripts, such as Devanagari, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada,Meitei Mayek, Odia, Eastern Nagari - Assamese/Bengali, etc., though Urdu is written in a script derived from Arabic, and a few minor languages such as Santali use independent scripts. Various Indian languages have their own scripts. Hindi, Marathi, Maithili and Angika are languages written using the Devanagari script. Most major languages are written using a script specific to them, such as Assamese (Asamiya) with Asamiya, Bengali with Bengali, Punjabi with Gurmukhi, Meitei with Meitei Mayek, Odia with Odia script, Gujarati with Gujarati, etc. Urdu and sometimes Kashmiri, Saraiki and Sindhi are

"Demographics of India"
castes: 16.6% (2011 census); scheduled tribes: 8.6% (2011 census) See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million, and the second largest is Bengali with 238 million. 22 languages are recognised as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total. India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030. India's population growth has raised concerns that it would lead to widespread unemployment and political instability. Note

language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. The languages of India belong to several language families, the most important of which are : The largest of the language families represented in India, in terms of speakers, is the Indo-Aryan language family, a branch of the Indo-Iranian family, itself the easternmost, extant subfamily of the Indo-European language family. This language family predominates, accounting for some 1035 million speakers, or over 76.5 of the population, as per 2018 estimate. The most widely spoken languages of this

language Hindi. Separate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued, due to the fact the returns were intentionally recorded incorrectly in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur. The 1961 census recognised 1,652 mother tongues spoken by 438,936,918 people, counting all declarations made by any individual at the time when the census was conducted. However, the declaring individuals often mixed names of languages with those of dialects, subdialects and dialect clusters or even castes, professions, religions, localities, regions, countries and nationalities. The list therefore includes languages with barely a few individual speakers as well

"Spotted hyena"
is reputed to house members able to transform into hyenas. A similar myth occurs in Mansôa, Guinea-Bissau. These ""werehyenas"" are executed when discovered, but do not revert to their human form when killed. In Khoikhoi mythology, the spotted hyena is often the butt of the jackal's tricks. Gogo folklore links the spotted hyena to the origin of death; in one tale, the hyena prevents humanity from achieving immortality, thus ensuring it can continue to eat corpses. A similar tale is present among the Meru. In their narrative, the supreme god Murungu sent a mole to inform humanity that they would

Hyena
Hyena Hyenas or hyaenas (from Greek ὕαινα ""hýaina"") are any feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Hyaenidae . With only four extant species (in three genera), it is the fifth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems. Although phylogenetically they are closer to felines and viverrids, and belong to the feliform category, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canines in several elements of convergent evolution; both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their

Hyena
off evil and to ensure love and fertility. Hyena Hyenas or hyaenas (from Greek ὕαινα ""hýaina"") are any feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Hyaenidae . With only four extant species (in three genera), it is the fifth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems. Although phylogenetically they are closer to felines and viverrids, and belong to the feliform category, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canines in several elements of convergent evolution; both hyenas and canines are

research leading to the composition of his monograph ""The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behavior,"" Hans Kruuk kept a tame hyena he named Solomon. Kruuk found Solomon's company so congenial, he would have kept him, but Solomon had an insatiable taste for ""cheese in the bar of the tourist lounge and bacon off the Chief Park Warden's breakfast table"", and no door could hold him back, so Solomon was obliged to live out his days in the Edinburgh Zoo. Spotted hyena The spotted hyena (""Crocuta crocuta""), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently

Hyena
teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, the hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecating habits, mating and parental behaviour are consistent with the behaviour of other feliforms. Spotted hyenas may kill as many as 95% of the animals they eat, while striped hyenas are largely scavengers. Generally, hyenas are known to drive off larger predators, like lions, from their kills, despite having a reputation in popular culture for being cowardly. Hyenas are primarily nocturnal animals, but sometimes venture

Hyena
and its closest extinct relatives are not included in the genus ""Pachycrocuta"", but in the genus ""Hyaena"". The ""Protelinae"" (aardwolves) are not treated as a separate subfamily, but included in the ""Hyaeninae"". The following cladogram illustrates the phylogenetic relationships between extant and extinct hyaenids based on the morphological analysis by Werdelin & Solounias (1991). A more recent molecular analysis gives a slightly different phylogenetic relationship between the four extant hyaenidae species (Koepfli ""et al"", 2006). Hyenas have relatively short torsos and are fairly massive and wolf-like in build, but have lower hind quarters, high withers and their backs slope noticeably

to attack. Once selected, their prey is chased over a long distance, often several kilometres, at speeds of up to 60 km/h. The spotted hyena has a long history of interaction with humanity; depictions of the species exist from the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves. The species has a largely negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. In the former, the species is mostly regarded as ugly and cowardly, while in the latter, it is viewed as greedy, gluttonous, stupid, and foolish, yet powerful and potentially dangerous. The majority of

hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female. It is the only mammalian species to lack an external vaginal opening. The spotted hyena is the most social of the Carnivora in that it has the largest group sizes and most complex social behaviours. Its social organisation is unlike that of any other carnivore, bearing closer resemblance to that of

Hyena
The aardwolf is primarily an insectivore, specialised for feeding on termites of the genus ""Trinervitermes"" and ""Hodotermes"", which it consumes by licking them up with its long, broad tongue. An aardwolf can eat 300,000 ""Trinervitermes"" on a single outing. Spotted hyenas vary in their folkloric and mythological depictions, depending on the ethnic group from which the tales originate. It is often difficult to know whether spotted hyenas are the specific hyena species featured in such stories, particularly in West Africa, as both spotted and striped hyenas are often given the same names. In western African tales, spotted hyenas are sometimes

Hyena
closely resembles that of the male. Their dentition is similar to that of the canid, but is more specialised for consuming coarse food and crushing bones. The carnassials, especially the upper, are very powerful and are shifted far back to the point of exertion of peak pressure on the jaws. The other teeth, save for the underdeveloped upper molars, are powerful, with broad bases and cutting edges. The canines are short, but thick and robust. Labiolingually, their mandibles are much stronger at the canine teeth than in canids, reflecting the fact that hyenas crack bones with both their anterior dentition

"Dragon Boat Festival"
Dragon Boat Festival The Duanwu Festival, also often known as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional holiday originating in China, occurring near the summer solstice. It is also known as Zhongxiao Festival (), commemorating fealty and filial piety. The festival now occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the traditional Chinese calendar, which is the source of the festival's alternative name, the Double Fifth Festival. The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, so the date of the festival varies from year to year on the Gregorian calendar. In 2016, it occurred on 9 June; in 2017, on 30

hot summers, and as a common antidote against poison in ancient Asia. In some regions of China, parents braid silk threads of 5 colors and put them on the their children's wrists, on the day of Duanwu. People believe that this will help keep bad spirits and disease away. Other common activities include hanging up icons of Zhong Kui (a mythic guardian figure), hanging mugwort and calamus, taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags. Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this ""game"" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand

May; and in 2018, on 18 June. The usual English name for the holiday, ""Dragon Boat Festival"", directly translates into two alternative Chinese names for the holiday, (""Lóngchuánjié"") and (""Lóngzhōujié""). The official Chinese name of the festival is ""Duanwu Festival"" () on the mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore. This is pronounced variously in different Chinese languages. In Mandarin, it is romanized as ""Duānwǔjié"" on the mainland and Taiwan; in Cantonese, it is romanized as ""Tuen Ng Jit"" on Hong Kong and ""Tung Ng Jit"" on Macao. All of these names ( ""Opening the Seventh"") refer to its

was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau. The People's Republic of China government established in 1949, however, did not officially recognize Duanwu as a public holiday. Beginning in 2005, the government began to plan for the recognition of three traditional holidays, including Duanwu. Since 2008, Duanwu has been celebrated not only as a festival but also as a public holiday in the People's Republic of China. It is unofficially observed by the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia, including Singapore and Malaysia. Equivalent and related official festivals include

in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the Chinese dragon, traditionally represents masculine energy, whereas the moon, like the phoenix, traditionally represents feminine energy. The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon was thus associated with the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival The Duanwu Festival, also often known as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional holiday originating in China, occurring near the summer solstice. It is also known as

Dano. It is a significant traditional holiday in the Korean Culture. In North Korea it is an official holiday. In Indonesian, the festival is known as ""Peh Cun"", which is derived from Hokkien (). The story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister Qu Yuan (–278 BC) of the ancient state of Chu during the Warring States period of the Zhou Dynasty. A cadet member of the Chu royal house, Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of Qin, Qu

the Shun River. Cao E, in an act of filial piety, decided to find her father in the river, searching for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in Shangyu dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice for filial piety. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honour. Modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were superimposed onto a pre-existing holiday tradition. The promotion of these

original position as the first seventh-day (, ""Wǔrì"") in the fifth month (, ""Wǔyuè"") of the traditional Chinese calendar, which was also known as (""Wǔ""). People's Republic of China use ""Dragon Boat Festival"" as the official English translation of the holiday, while Hong Kong calls it the ""Tuen Ng Festival"" and Macao calls it ""Dragon Boat Festival (""Tun Ng"")"" in English and ""Festividade do Barco-Dragão"" (""Tung Ng"") in Portuguese. Among Malaysian, Singaporean, and Taiwanese Hokkien speakers, the festival is also known as the ""Fifth Month Festival,"" the ""Fifth Day Festival,"" and the ""Dumpling Festival."" In Korea, the holiday is called

the Japanese holiday of Children's Day (Japan). Three of the most widespread activities conducted during the Duanwu Festival are eating (and preparing) ""zongzi"", drinking realgar wine, and racing dragon boats. Dragon boat racing has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu. He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by king. Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself into the Miluo river.

flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions. Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste, dates and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including marinated pork belly, sausage and salted duck eggs. Th reason why the Chinese eat zongzi on this special day is because they are considered as a symbol of luck, as the pronunciation of zong is very similar to the pronunciation of zhong (中). This character has a positive connotation, used in words such as 中奖 (winning

"Saudi Arabia"
name of the country, which is a type of adjective known as a nisba, formed from the dynastic name of the Saudi royal family, the Al Saud (). Its inclusion expresses the view that the country is the personal possession of the royal family. ""Al Saud"" is an Arabic name formed by adding the word ""Al"", meaning ""family of"" or ""House of"", to the personal name of an ancestor. In the case of the Al Saud, this is the father of the dynasty's 18th-century founder, Muhammad bin Saud. There is evidence that human habitation in the Arabian Peninsula dates back

Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ""the predominant feature of Saudi culture"", with its

Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. Following the unification of the Hejaz and Nejd kingdoms, the new state was named ""al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah as-Suʻūdīyah"" (a transliteration of in Arabic) by royal decree on 23 September 1932 by its founder, Abdulaziz Al Saud (Ibn Saud). Although this is normally translated as ""the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"" in English, it literally means ""the Saudi Arab kingdom"", or ""the Arab Saudi Kingdom"". The word ""Saudi"" is derived from the element ""as-Suʻūdīyah"" in the Arabic

Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to modern day Pakistan in the East) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and the Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa and Europe. The area of modern-day

weakness of the Empire's central authority. The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. This alliance formed in the 18th century provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion and remains the basis of Saudi Arabian dynastic rule today. The first ""Saudi state"" established in 1744 in the area around Riyadh, rapidly expanded and briefly

Al-Ahsa from the Ottomans in 1913. In 1916, with the encouragement and support of Britain (which was fighting the Ottomans in World War I), the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali, led a pan-Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire to create a united Arab state. Although the Arab Revolt of 1916 to 1918 failed in its objective, the Allied victory in World War I resulted in the end of Ottoman suzerainty and control in Arabia. Ibn Saud avoided involvement in the Arab Revolt, and instead continued his struggle with the Al Rashid. Following the latter's final defeat, he took the

"Ibn Saud"
Ibn Saud Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Faisal ibn Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al Saud (, ; 15 January 1875 – 9 November 1953), usually known within the Arab world as Abdulaziz and in the West as Ibn Saud, was the first monarch and founder of Saudi Arabia, the ""third Saudi state"". He reconquered his family's ancestral home city of Riyadh in 1902, starting three decades of conquests that made him the ruler of nearly all of central Arabia. He consolidated his control over the Najd in 1922, then conquered the Hejaz in 1925. He extended his dominions into

title Sultan of Nejd in 1921. With the help of the Ikhwan, the Hejaz was conquered in 1924–25 and on 10 January 1926, Ibn Saud declared himself King of the Hejaz. A year later, he added the title of King of Nejd. For the next five years, he administered the two parts of his dual kingdom as separate units. After the conquest of the Hejaz, the Ikhwan leadership's objective switched to expansion of the Wahhabist realm into the British protectorates of Transjordan, Iraq and Kuwait, and began raiding those territories. This met with Ibn Saud's opposition, as he recognized the

""majesty"" in association with anything except God. Fahd continued to develop close relations with the United States and increased the purchase of American and British military equipment. The vast wealth generated by oil revenues was beginning to have an even greater impact on Saudi society. It led to rapid technological (but not cultural) modernisation, urbanization, mass public education and the creation of new media. This and the presence of increasingly large numbers of foreign workers greatly affected traditional Saudi norms and values. Although there was dramatic change in the social and economic life of the country, political power continued to

global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called ""the Land of the Two Holy Mosques"" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Petroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since

Pericardium
called pericardiocentesis. For cases of recurrent pericardial effusion, an operation to create a hole between the pericardial and pleural spaces can be performed, known as a pericardial fenestration. Pericardium The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection and provides the lubrication for the heart. It receives its name from Ancient Greek peri (περί; ""around"") and cardion (κάρδιον; ""heart"").

Pericardium The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection and provides the lubrication for the heart. It receives its name from Ancient Greek peri (περί; ""around"") and cardion (κάρδιον; ""heart""). The pericardium is a tough double layered fibroserous sac which covers the heart. The space between the two layers of serous pericardium (see below), the pericardial cavity, is

"Pericardial fluid"
Pericardial fluid Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. This serous layer has two membranes which enclose the pericardial cavity into which is secreted the pericardial fluid. The fluid is similar to the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain which also serves to cushion and allow some movement of the organ. The pericardial fluid reduces friction within the pericardium by lubricating the epicardial surface allowing the membranes to glide over each other with each heart

the guidance of an ultrasound. It can be used to relieve pressure from pericardial effusions or for diagnostic purposes, showing the cause of abnormalities such as: Cancer, Cardiac perforation, Cardiac trauma, Congestive heart failure, Pericarditis rupture of a ventricular aneurysm. This can also be used to treat pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. This serous layer has two membranes which enclose the pericardial cavity into which

filled with serous fluid which protects the heart from any kind of external jerk or shock. There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the outermost fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is the most superficial layer of the pericardium. It is made up of dense and loose connective tissue, which acts to protect the heart, anchoring it to the surrounding walls, and preventing it from overfilling with blood. It is continuous with the outer adventitial layer of the neighboring great blood vessels. The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the ""parietal pericardium"",

the parietal and visceral pericardial layers there is a potential space called the pericardial cavity, which contains a supply of lubricating serous fluid known as the pericardial fluid. When the visceral layer of serous pericardium comes into contact with heart (not the great vessels) it is known as the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper (the myocardium). The epicardium is largely made of connective tissue and functions as a protective layer. During ventricular contraction, the wave of depolarization moves from the endocardial to the epicardial surface. Inflammation of the pericardium is called pericarditis.

"Pericardial window"
Pericardial window A pericardial window is a cardiac surgical procedure to create a fistula – or ""window"" – from the pericardial space to the pleural cavity. The purpose of the window is to allow a pericardial effusion (usually malignant) to drain from the space surrounding the heart into the chest cavity – where the fluid is not as dangerous; an untreated pericardial effusion can lead to cardiac tamponade and death. The window is usually performed by a cardiac surgeon who makes an incision, commonly sub-xiphoid, and cuts a small hole in the pericardium which is the membrane that surrounds the

"Peritubular capillaries"
Peritubular capillaries In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. Peritubular capillaries surround the proximal and distal tubules, as well as the loop of Henle, where they are known as vasa recta. Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis. The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be

"Perivascular space"
gaps containing interstitial fluid that span between blood vessels and their host organ, such as the brain, which they penetrate and serve as extravascular channels through which solutes can pass. Like the blood vessels around which they form, perivascular spaces are found in both the brain subarachnoid space and the subpial space. Perivascular spaces surrounding arteries in the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia are separated from the subpial space by one or two layers of leptomeninges, respectively, as well as the pia mater. By virtue of the leptomeningeal cell layer, the perivascular spaces belonging to the subarachnoid space are

Perivascular space A perivascular space, also known as a Virchow–Robin space, is a fluid-filled space surrounding certain blood vessels in several organs, potentially having an immunological function, but more broadly a dispersive role for neural and blood-derived messengers. The brain pia mater is reflected from the surface of the brain onto the surface of blood vessels in the subarachnoid space. In the brain, ""perivascular cuffs"" are regions of leukocyte aggregation in the perivascular spaces, usually found in patients with viral encephalitis. Perivascular spaces vary in dimension according to the type of blood vessel. In the brain where most capillaries have

"How to Change the World"
be thought of as Ashoka’s “guinea pig,” for India was the organization’s first targeted country in the search for genuine social entrepreneurism. Her dream was to “transform education across India”. After teaching for twenty years, she could no longer put up with the Indian schools’ traditional ways of teaching. Author David Bornstein notes, “Nothing pained her more than to walk through a school hallway and hear students repeating in unison, ‘Here we go ‘round the mulberry bush.’ To her, this rote learning--a holdover from the colonial era--was the very sound of minds being deadened”. She knew she must do something.

"I'd Love to Change the World"
I'd Love to Change the World ""I'd Love to Change the World"" is a song by the British blues rock band Ten Years After. Written by Alvin Lee, it is the lead single from the band's 1971 album ""A Space in Time"". It is the band's only Top 40 hit, peaking at number 40 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and their most popular single. The song was written and sung by Alvin Lee. It discusses the confused state of the world, covering a wide variety of societal complaints, until it finally addresses the Vietnam War. The song features a folk-inspired

on serving the community's needs, running the organization out of an old shed and using her own retirement savings when the government and philanthropic organizations would not financially support her work. Khosa was raised by her grandmother in the township of Mamelodi, near Pretoria in the province of Gauteng in South Africa. From a young age she was interested in nursing, watching her grandmother, a midwife, deliver babies. After completing school, she began training as a nurse at a missionary hospital, where she learned to improvise treatment and teach family members to care for rural patients. In 1991, while working

her methods. When she met Drayton, she had finally made progress in persuading the teaching staff at her school and was working on spreading the ideas to a second school. However, she knew that the real obstacle would be extending the methods of experiential education to the entire public school system in Bombay--and beyond. Gloria de Souza saw a problem and wanted to fix it - more than that, she felt as though she must fix it. In conversation with Drayton, she said, “Something is deeply wrong in our society. And I think I can do something very important with

After attending a workshop on experiential and environmental education in 1971, she was inspired. With great excitement and vision, de Souza presented these revolutionary ideas to her colleagues, but to no avail; they continually turned her down. So, “she set aside her textbooks with their references to robins, bluebirds, and willow trees and took her students outside to learn about local birds and plants and explore questions such as: ‘Why do monsoons come and go?’” Though other teachers criticized her, her students responded enthusiastically.. She tried and failed many times over next five years to get the school to adopt

in a Pretoria AIDS testing center, she encountered the problem of hospitals sending home AIDS patients with neither medications nor instructions for home care. Realizing that lack of both correct information about AIDS and home care for AIDS patients was a serious problem in Mamelodi, Khosa enlisted the help of several retired nurses in making home visits to patients who could not afford to visit an AIDS center. Shortly after watching one of her patients die because he was locked in his house with no water, Khosa talked with a group of young prostitutes who wanted different jobs to avoid

"How to Change the World (film)"
How to Change the World (film) How to Change the World is a documentary film, from writer-director Jerry Rothwell (""Deep Water""), which chronicles the adventures of an eclectic group of young pioneers who set out to stop Richard Nixon's nuclear bomb tests in Amchitka, Alaska, and end up creating the worldwide green movement with the birth of Greenpeace. In 1971 a small group of activists set sail from Vancouver, Canada in an old fishing boat. Their mission was to stop Nixon's atomic test bomb in Amchitka, Alaska. Chronicling this untold story at the birth of the modern environmental movement and

"Change the World"
CHEMISTRY did their rendition of the song. As the B-side to the single, ""Change the World"" charted at number two on the ""Oricon"" Hot 100 singles chart and sold more than 140,000 copies while on chart. British musical theatre star and recording artist, Elaine Paige recorded the song as one of the brand new tracks on her 2004 greatest hits compilation Change the World ""Change the World"" is a song written by Tommy Sims, Gordon Kennedy, and Wayne Kirkpatrick whose best-known version was recorded by the British recording artist Eric Clapton for the soundtrack of the 1996 film, ""Phenomenon"". The

method, by stern discipline, by rigid attention to detail, by ceaseless labor, by the fixed determination of an indomitable will."" She knew she had the ability to make an extremely beneficial impact, and even though it reversed society's norm, she succeeded in fulfilling her dreams. Florence Nightingale will forever be remembered as a great social entrepreneur for her heroic work in the field of nursing. Nightingale's ""indomitable will"" may have been her most instrumental trait in accomplishing her radical ideas and plans. Beginning with strong resistance from her parents, and continuing to the point of defying army officers, her calling

barriers to social change in southern and central Europe, Latin America and Africa are weaker than in previous generations. Gloria de Souza’s inspiring story begins when, in 1981, she becomes the first fellow (social entrepreneur) elected to , an organization founded by Bill Drayton specializing in collecting information about and supporting local reformers across the world. Ashoka’s vision sought to answer the question, “Was it possible to create a system that would, with high reliability, spot major pattern-changing ideas and first-class entrepreneurs before either were born?” As an elementary school teacher in Bombay with big aspirations, Gloria de Souza could

"Batman (TV series)"
performance, the brilliance of which has required decades to be properly recognized, played as if series creator William Dozier and chief developer Lorenzo Semple Jr., had taken the establishment's fantasy of itself and dolled it up in tights and a cape ... The anarchic gangs of supervillains and henchmen that kept trying to capture or destroy Gotham City stood in for the forces of chaos that kept threatening to engulf so-called civilized America throughout the sixties, only made colorfully grotesque and knowingly silly."" In 1997, TV Guide ranked the episodes ""The Purr-fect Crime"" and ""Better Luck Next Time"" #86 on

its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes. In 2009, ""Better Luck Next Time"" was ranked #72. The series' stars, Adam West and Burt Ward, were typecast for decades afterwards, with West especially finding himself unable to escape the reputation of a hammy, camp actor. However, years after the series' impact faded, an episode of """" paid tribute to West with an episode titled ""Beware The Gray Ghost"". In this episode, West himself provided the voice of an aging star of a superhero television series Bruce Wayne had watched as a child and from which he later found inspiration. This gave

still serious—adventure show. However, Dozier, who had never before read comic books, concluded, after reading several Batman comics for research, that the only way to make the show work was to do it as a pop-art campy comedy. Originally, espionage novelist Eric Ambler was to have scripted a TV movie that would launch the television series, but he dropped out after learning of Dozier's campy comedy approach. Eventually, two sets of screen tests were filmed, one with Adam West and Burt Ward and the other with Lyle Waggoner and Peter Deyell, with West and Ward winning the roles. Lorenzo Semple

to explain to children that Batman could not fly. Ward exclaimed in one line, ""Holy broken vones!"" during this filming. In a 1974 PSA for the U.S. Department of Labor Wage & Hour Division narrated by William Dozier, Batman and Robin were tied to a post amid the threat of a ticking time bomb, but Batgirl (Yvonne Craig) refused to release them because she was paid less than Robin (Burt Ward), in violation of the Federal Equal Pay Law. Dick Gautier played Batman this time, because West was, at the time, trying to distance himself from the role. During the

"Batman: The Animated Series"
as the Mad Hatter, David Warner as Ra's al Ghul, Michael York as Count Vertigo, Kate Mulgrew as Red Claw, George Murdock as and George Dzundza as the Ventriloquist. One of the series' best-known inventions is the Joker's assistant, Harley Quinn, who became so popular that DC Comics later added her to mainstream Batman comic book continuity. The Penguin underwent change for the series; his appearance was remodeled after the version seen in ""Batman Returns"", which was in production simultaneously with the series' first season. New life was also given to lesser-known characters for the series such as the Clock

the air without a laugh track. The 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966 to March 14, 1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked ""Batman"" as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time. The series focused on the adventures of Batman and Robin. Although the lives of their alter-egos, millionaire Bruce Wayne and his ward Dick Grayson (Richard John Grayson) were frequently shown, it was usually only briefly, in the context of their being called

Batman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk. It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on

"Adam West"
Adam West William West Anderson (September 19, 1928 – June 9, 2017), known professionally as Adam West, was an American actor known primarily for his role as Batman in the 1960s ABC series of the same name and its 1966 theatrical feature film. West began acting in films in the 1950s. He played opposite Chuck Connors in ""Geronimo"" (1962) and The Three Stooges in ""The Outlaws Is Coming"" (1965). He also appeared in the science fiction film ""Robinson Crusoe on Mars"" (1964) and performed voice work on ""The Fairly OddParents"" (2003–2017), ""The Simpsons"" (1992, 2002), and ""Family Guy"" (2000–2018), playing

was the scrupulously formal dialogue, and the way that Batman earnestly believed he could avoid standing out while wearing a skintight blue-and-grey costume, that convinced West of the character's comic potential. With the death of Adam West on June 9, 2017, Burt Ward is now the only surviving main ""Batman"" cast member. In the early 1960s, Ed Graham Productions optioned the television rights to the comic strip ""Batman"" and planned a straightforward juvenile adventure show, much like ""Adventures of Superman"" and ""The Lone Ranger,"" to air on CBS on Saturday mornings. East Coast ABC executive Yale Udoff, a Batman fan

and Alfred. Also, Adam West is a playable character. The Batmobile from the show is also included as a drivable vehicle. The end credits sequence remakes the Batclimb window cameos. Batman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience).

"Rio Bravo (film)"
a gun Dude used to be. Chance's friend Pat Wheeler (Ward Bond) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town, with a young gunslinger, Colorado Ryan (Ricky Nelson), riding guard. Inside the jail, Stumpy (Walter Brennan), Chance's game-legged deputy, keeps watch over the jail and Joe, who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe's wealthy and powerful brother. Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated. A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers (Angie Dickinson) is in the saloon, playing poker. In the meantime, Dude and Chance patrol the town. Hotel

"Manny Montana"
Manny Montana Manny Montana is an American actor. He portrayed Johnny Tuturro in USA Network's series, ""Graceland"" and Rio in Netflix/NBC's series, ""Good Girls"". Montana was born and raised in Long Beach, California. After graduating from Jordan High School, Montana got a football scholarship to California State University Sacramento, but quit after an arm injury and dislocating his shoulder for the eighth time. He transferred to California State University, Long Beach to major in Journalism and Broadcasting. He worked as a DJ in school's student-radio station, which landed him an intern position at Power 100.3. He is of Mexican American

Old Tucson Studios outside Tucson, Arizona, in Technicolor. In 2014, ""Rio Bravo"" was deemed ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, sheriff's deputy Dude (Dean Martin), who has acquired the contemptuous nickname ""Borrachón"" (, Spanish for ""big drunk""), enters a saloon but cannot afford a drink. Joe Burdette (Claude Akins), brother of rancher Nathan Burdette, tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon. Presidio County, Texas, Sheriff John T. Chance (John Wayne) appears and kicks the spittoon away, looking at Dude with

"Esai Morales"
Esai Morales Esai Manuel Morales, Jr. (born October 1, 1962) is an American actor. He played Bob Morales in the 1987 biopic ""La Bamba"". He also appeared in the PBS drama ""American Family"" and in the Showtime series ""Resurrection Blvd."" He is best known for his roles as Lt. Tony Rodriguez on ""NYPD Blue,"" Joseph Adama in the science fiction television series ""Caprica,"" and Camino del Rio in the Netflix series ""Ozark"". Of Puerto Rican descent, Morales was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Esai Morales, Sr., a welder, and Iris Margarita (née Declet), a union activist involved with the

"Rio Grande (film)"
in his command. The action of the movie is set in the summer of 1879 (""fifteen years after the Shenandoah""). Tension is added when Yorke's son (whom he hasn't seen in fifteen years), Trooper Jefferson Yorke (Claude Jarman Jr.), is one of 18 recruits sent to the regiment. He had flunked out of West Point but immediately enlisted as a private in the Army. In a private ""father-son"" meeting in the commanding officer's tent, Trooper Yorke informs his father that he does not expect, nor want, any special treatment because he is his son. He asks that he be treated

"Ashley Hamilton"
Ashley Hamilton Ashley George Hamilton (born September 30, 1974) is an American actor, comedian and singer-songwriter. He made his acting debut in the 1993 film ""Beethoven's 2nd"". He has since starred in films such as ""Lost in Africa"" (1994), ""Off Key"" (2001), ""Lost Angeles"" (2012), ""Iron Man 3"" (2013), and ""Cats Dancing on Jupiter"" (2015). He portrayed the role of Cole Deschanel in the first season of the NBC television series ""Sunset Beach"" (1997). Hamilton was born in Los Angeles, the son of actors George Hamilton and Alana Stewart, and the now ex-stepson of musician Rod Stewart. At 19, Hamilton

disgust. Dude is shamed by his plight and takes out his anger on Chance, knocking him out with an ax handle. Joe begins punching Dude, then shoots and kills an unarmed bystander (Bing Russell ) who tries to intervene. Joe heads to his brother's saloon, where a bloody Chance comes to arrest him for the murder of the bystander. Another patron draws his gun on Chance, but Dude shoots the gun out of the man's hand. Joe is locked up in the local jail. Chance is willing to deputize Dude, provided he can stay sober. Both remember how good with

only gets hurt if somebody lies to him, which he found was common with his personality as well. In 2015, Montana appeared in Michael Mann's ""Blackhat"" as Lozano, a ""wanted criminal"". Montana admitted that he had auditioned for a lead role and did not receive it, but got offered a supporting role, which he took in a heartbeat. Manny Montana Manny Montana is an American actor. He portrayed Johnny Tuturro in USA Network's series, ""Graceland"" and Rio in Netflix/NBC's series, ""Good Girls"". Montana was born and raised in Long Beach, California. After graduating from Jordan High School, Montana got a

returns to her room when he awakens. Chance discovers what she did and advises that she should leave on the next stagecoach. Nathan Burdette (John Russell) arrives in town with his men, intent on seeing his brother Joe. Dude is standing guard and confiscating all guns. One of Burdette's men ignores him until Dude cuts one of his horse's reins with a single shot. Nathan agrees to turn in their guns until they leave. Carlos says Feathers will not get on the stagecoach. She tells the sheriff she does not want to leave, then gives him a kiss. He indicates

""Fort Apache"" and ""Rio Grande""). The film is based on a short story ""Mission With No Record"" by James Warner Bellah that appeared in ""The Saturday Evening Post"" on September 27, 1947, and the screenplay was written by James Kevin McGuinness. The supporting cast features Ben Johnson, Claude Jarman, Jr., Harry Carey, Jr., and Chill Wills. Lieutenant Colonel Kirby Yorke (John Wayne) is posted on the Texas frontier to defend settlers against attacks by marauding Apaches. Colonel Yorke is under considerable pressure due to the Apaches using Mexico as a sanctuary from pursuit, and by a serious shortage of troops

"Hydrogen bond"
ice is less than the density of water at the same temperature; thus, the solid phase of water floats on the liquid, unlike most other substances. Liquid water's high boiling point is due to the high number of hydrogen bonds each molecule can form, relative to its low molecular mass. Owing to the difficulty of breaking these bonds, water has a very high boiling point, melting point, and viscosity compared to otherwise similar liquids not conjoined by hydrogen bonds. Water is unique because its oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of

Hydrogen
called hydrogen bonding that is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Hydrogen also forms compounds with less electronegative elements, such as metals and metalloids, where it takes on a partial negative charge. These compounds are often known as hydrides. Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in the context of living organisms is known as biochemistry. By some definitions, ""organic""

"Hydrogen polyoxide"
Hydrogen polyoxide Hydrogen polyoxides (also known as oxidanes, oxohydrogens, or oxyhydrogens) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, are bonded exclusively by single bonds (i.e., they are saturated), and are acyclic (have molecular structures containing no cycles or loops). They can, therefore, be classed as hydrogen chalcogenides. The simplest possible hydrogen polyoxide (the parent molecule) is water, HO. The general structure of the class of molecules is some number of oxygen atoms single-bonded to each other in a chain. The oxygen atom at each end of this oxygen skeleton is attached to a hydrogen atom. Thus,

Hydrogen
odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most nonmetallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because most acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H. The hydrogen cation is written as

type of bonding is called ""bifurcated"" (split in two or ""two-forked""). It can exist, for instance, in complex natural or synthetic organic molecules. It has been suggested that a bifurcated hydrogen atom is an essential step in water reorientation. Acceptor-type hydrogen bonds (terminating on an oxygen's lone pairs) are more likely to form bifurcation (it is called overcoordinated oxygen, OCO) than are donor-type hydrogen bonds, beginning on the same oxygen's hydrogens. For example, hydrogen fluoride—which has three lone pairs on the F atom but only one H atom—can form only two bonds; (ammonia has the opposite problem: three hydrogen atoms

"Properties of water"
the visible spectrum. A single water molecule can participate in a maximum of four hydrogen bonds because it can accept two bonds using the lone pairs on oxygen and donate two hydrogen atoms. Other molecules like hydrogen fluoride, ammonia and methanol can also form hydrogen bonds. However, they do not show anomalous thermodynamic, kinetic or structural properties like those observed in water because none of them can form four hydrogen bonds: either they cannot donate or accept hydrogen atoms, or there are steric effects in bulky residues. In water, intermolecular tetrahedral structures form due to the four hydrogen bonds, thereby

Hydrogen
which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity more easily than heavier gases. However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water. Hydrogen gas is produced by some bacteria and algae and is a natural component of flatus, as is methane, itself a hydrogen source of increasing importance. A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen () is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere

their laboratory, Maurice Loyal Huggins, saying, ""Mr. Huggins of this laboratory in some work as yet unpublished, has used the idea of a hydrogen kernel held between two atoms as a theory in regard to certain organic compounds."" A ubiquitous example of a hydrogen bond is found between water molecules. In a discrete water molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Two molecules of water can form a hydrogen bond between them that is to say oxygen-hydrogen bonding; the simplest case, when only two molecules are present, is called the water dimer and is often used as

them somewhat stronger than a van der Waals interaction, and weaker than fully covalent or ionic bonds. This type of bond can occur in inorganic molecules such as water and in organic molecules like DNA and proteins. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is responsible for the high boiling point of water (100 °C) compared to the other group 16 hydrides that have much weaker hydrogen bonds. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is partly responsible for the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins and nucleic acids. It also plays an important role in the structure of polymers, both synthetic and natural. In 2011, an IUPAC

covalent bond remains unclear. Generally, the hydrogen bond is characterized by a proton acceptor that is a lone pair of electrons in nonmetallic atoms (most notably in the nitrogen, and chalcogen groups). In some cases, these proton acceptors may be pi-bonds or metal complexes. In the dihydrogen bond, however, a metal hydride serves as a proton acceptor, thus forming a hydrogen-hydrogen interaction. Neutron diffraction has shown that the molecular geometry of these complexes is similar to hydrogen bonds, in that the bond length is very adaptable to the metal complex/hydrogen donor system. The dynamics of hydrogen bond structures in water

"When We First Met"
film are Adam Saunders of Footprint Features, Mason Novick of MXN Entertainment, with Mary Viola and McG of Wonderland Sound and Vision. Principal photography on the film began in mid-July 2016 in New Orleans. The film received mixed to negative reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 39% based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 4.7/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". In contrast, Adam Devine received immense

When We First Met When We First Met is a 2018 American romantic comedy film directed by Ari Sandel, written by John Whittington and starring Adam DeVine, Alexandra Daddario, Shelley Hennig, Andrew Bachelor and Robbie Amell. It was released worldwide on Netflix on February 9, 2018. During Avery Martin's (Alexandra Daddario) engagement party, Noah Ashby (Adam DeVine) recalls his and Avery's first meeting during a Halloween party three years earlier and is sad to see her engaged to perfect Ethan (Robbie Amell) instead of him. Drunk and being driven home by Avery's photographer roommate Carrie Grey (Shelley Hennig), Noah admits

old photo booth for him years ago, and Noah realizes he initially met Carrie through Avery. He goes back and replays his meeting with Avery the original way. He wakes up to the original present, this time happy for Ethan and Avery during their engagement party. He and Carrie spend time together and decide to leave the party together. At the end there's a photo montage that follows Noah and Carrie's happy, goofy, and loving relationship. In May 2016, Ari Sandel was set to direct the film from a script by John Whittington and Adam DeVine, while producers on the

"Meet Me There"
issues, Ada brings her boyfriend Calvin back to her hometown in rural Oklahoma. Hoping that facing these nightmares will help her overcome them, what they find is a town with a dark, mysterious history, and discover that some memories might be better left forgotten. Shooting took place in Austin, Texas during the summer of 2013. The project originally began as a generic slasher project for writers Stroud and Talley, but soon evolved into something bigger, with Stroud saying, ""About halfway through it I realized that I could do something real with this and touch some feelings, thoughts and themes, so

"Where We're Meant to Be"
in a variety of ways. Some interactions are very direct while others may be small, seemingly inconsequential, moments that have just as large of an impact. The film explores these moments and more as we see into various lives during certain vital moments. The stories broadly consist of: ""Where We're Meant to Be"" was filmed on a budget of $25,000 over 23 days between May and July 2015. The film was shot on location in North Carolina with filming taking place in Raleigh, Durham, Apex, Roxboro, Cary and Fuquay-Varina. The score was written by Steven Grove and the soundtrack consists

he is secretly in love with Avery but, on the night they met, Avery only saw him as a good friend and met Ethan the next day. Carrie deposits him with Max (Andrew Bachelor), his successful vice president best friend, at the piano bar where Noah works. Noah drunkenly uses the photo booth where he and Avery shared a moment and falls asleep. He awakens in his bed and soon discovers he has traveled back in time to the day he met Avery. Noah tries to re-do their meeting, using his knowledge of her to his advantage, but Carrie, whom

"50 First Dates"
50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing. The film stars Adam Sandler as a veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac, along with Rob Schneider, Sean Astin, Lusia Strus, Blake Clark, and Dan Aykroyd. Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu, Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore. Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award for Best On-Screen Team. The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore's character, Goldfield's Syndrome, is similar to short-term memory loss and anterograde amnesia. The 2014

praise for his leading role as Noah. ""The Daily Caller""s David Hookstead wrote that DeVine “crushed it” and “once again proved that he’s a rare talent.”. ""Decider""s Lea Palmeri wrote: “Devine’s ability to be charming and endearing shouldn’t be underestimated here and you’ll be rooting for him before you know it,” whilst ""Age of the Nerd"" stated that he “carries the whole movie on his shoulders with perfection.” When We First Met When We First Met is a 2018 American romantic comedy film directed by Ari Sandel, written by John Whittington and starring Adam DeVine, Alexandra Daddario, Shelley Hennig, Andrew

"First Dates"
crew members on set during filming, which lasts 15 hours a day. Each diner is given £25 towards the cost of their meal. The spin-off show, ""First Dates Hotel"", follows the same format with contestants meeting for the first time in a hotel restaurant, but if the date goes well, the couples are offered the opportunity to check-in for the night. The first series was filmed at Le Vieux Castillon in Castillon-du-Gard offering idyllic settings with a variety of activities for the successful second daters, and added sommelier Xavier Chapelou to Fred Sirieix’s team. The second series was filmed at

"Strangers When We Meet (film)"
Strangers When We Meet (film) Strangers When We Meet is a 1960 drama film about two married neighbors who have an affair. The movie was adapted by Evan Hunter from his novel of the same name and directed by Richard Quine. The film stars Kirk Douglas, Kim Novak, Ernie Kovacs, Barbara Rush, and Walter Matthau. The picture was filmed in Los Angeles, with scenes shot in Beverly Hills, Brentwood, Santa Monica, and Malibu. Larry Coe is a Los Angeles architect who is married with two kids. He has a very bright wife, Eve. She is ambitious for him, but he

"Simon Commission"
Simon Commission The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission, was a group of seven British Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain's most important colonial dependency. One of its members was Clement Attlee, who became committed to Indian independence by 1934 and achieved that goal as Prime Minister in 1947 in the granting of independence to India and Pakistan. At the time of introducing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms in 1919, the British Government declared that a commission would be sent

from some members of the Muslim League and also both Hindus and members of the Central Sikh League. An All-India Committee for Cooperation with the Simon Commission was established by the Council of India and by selection of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin. The members of the committee were: C. Sankaran Nair (Chairman), Arthur Froom, Nawab Ali Khan, Shivdev Singh Uberoi, Zulfiqar Ali Khan, Hari Singh Gour, Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Kikabhai Premchand and M. C. Rajah. In Burma (Myanmar), which was included in the terms of reference of the Simon Commission, there was strong suspicion either that Burma's unpopular union with

"John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon"
Chamberlain wrote of him to the Viceroy of India Lord Irwin (12 August 1928): ""I am always trying to like him, and believing I shall succeed when something crops up to put me off"". Dutton describes his eventual report as a ""lucid exposition of the problems of the subcontinent in all their complexity"". However, he had been hampered by the Inquiry's terms of reference (no Indians were included on the committee) and his conclusions were overshadowed by the Irwin Declaration of October 1929, to which Simon was opposed, which promised India eventual dominion status. Simon was appointed GSCI 1930. Before

in May 1930. It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces. It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained, but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. In September 1928, ahead of the Commission's release, Motilal Nehru presented his Nehru Report to counter its charges that Indians could not find a constitutional consensus among themselves. This report advocated that India be given dominion status of complete internal self-government. Noting that educated Indians opposed the Commission and also that communal tensions had increased instead of decreased, the British government opted

India would continue, or that the constitution recommended for Burma by the Commission would be less generous than that chosen for India; these suspicions resulted in tension and violence in Burma leading to the rebellion of Saya San. The Simon Commission left England in January 1928. Almost immediately with its arrival in Bombay on 3 February 1928, its members were confronted by throngs of protesters, although there were also some supporters among the crowds who saw it as the next step on the road to self-governance. A strike began and many people turned out to greet the Commission with black

to India after ten years to examine the effects and operations of the constitutional reforms and to suggest more reforms for India. In November 1927, the British government appointed a commission to report on India's constitutional progress for introducing constitutional reforms, as promised. The Commission was strongly opposed by many in India and met with protests in every major Indian city it visited. Prominent Indian nationalist Lala Lajpat Rai led a protest in Lahore. He suffered a police beating during the protest, and died of his injuries two weeks later. The Government of India Act 1919 had introduced the system

of diarchy to govern the provinces of British India. The Indian public clamoured for revision of this form of government, and the Government of India Act 1919 itself stated that a commission would be appointed after ten years to investigate the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps for reform. In the late 1920s, the ruling Conservative government feared imminent electoral defeat at the hands of the Labour Party, and also feared the effects of the consequent transference of control of India to such an ""inexperienced"" body. Hence, it appointed seven MPs to constitute the promised commission to

"Conrad Corfield"
Conrad Corfield Sir Conrad Laurence Corfield KCIE, CSI, MC, (15 August 1893 – 3 October 1980), was a British civil servant and the private secretary to several viceroys of India, including Lord Mountbatten. He also was the author of the book ""The Princely India I knew, from Reading to Mountbatten."" Corfield was born on 15 August 1893, the son of the Rev. Egerton Corfield, a Church of England missionary and later rector of Finchampstead, Berkshire, in England. He was educated at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate, where he would later serve as a member of the governing body. On 8 October

first elections were held in the Provinces, resulting in Congress Governments being returned in almost all Provinces. Clement Attlee was deeply moved by his experience on the Commission, and endorsed the final report. However by 1933 he argued that British rule was alien to India and was unable to make the social and economic reforms necessary for India's progress. He became the British leader most sympathetic to Indian independence (as a dominion), preparing him for his role in deciding on Indian independence as British Prime Minister in 1947. Simon Commission The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon

"World tour of Ulysses S. Grant"
the touring party. While in Manchester Grant gave a memorable speech to workers who came to see him, impressed by Ulysses' moving oration on human rights. Arriving in London, Grant was guest of the Prince of Wales at Epsom Downs Racecourse, meeting with the Duke of Wellington. Sunday, Grant attended the ""devine service"" at Westminster Abbey. On June 18, Grant had breakfast with authors Matthew Arnold, Anthony Trollope, and Robert Browning. Controversy ensued when Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli believed that Grant was officially just a commoner. Grant's appointed minister to London and former Attorney General, Edwards Pierrepont, now under the

"Hurricane Charley"
Hurricane Charley Hurricane Charley was the first of four individual hurricanes to impact or strike Florida during 2004, along with Frances, Ivan and Jeanne, as well as one of the strongest hurricanes ever to strike the United States. It was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to 15, and at its peak intensity it attained winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in Southwest Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to

"Effects of Hurricane Charley in North Carolina"
Effects of Hurricane Charley in North Carolina The effects of Hurricane Charley in North Carolina were minor to moderate and included $25 million (2004 USD) in damage. Hurricane Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, 2004, and at peak intensity it attained 150 miles per hour (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, and moved northward, parallel to the U.S. East Coast before moving ashore on northeastern South Carolina. The storm caused flooding in seven counties within the state as a

and rounded the southwest portion of the subtropical ridge, becoming a major hurricane—a storm classified as a Category 3 hurricane or higher—just before making landfall on southern Cuba. Charley came ashore near Punta Cayamas with maximum sustained winds of and gusts of up to , at about 0430 UTC on August 13. It weakened while crossing the island, passing about west of downtown Havana before weakening to . After crossing Cuba near Menelao Mora, Hurricane Charley accelerated to the north-northeast, toward the southwest coast of Florida in response to the approach of an unseasonal mid-tropospheric trough. Charley passed over the

Costa, Florida as a Category 4 hurricane with a pressure of 941 mbar (hPa; 27.79 inHg) at approximately 1945 UTC on August 13. An hour later, the hurricane struck Punta Gorda as a storm and then passed up through Port Charlotte. However, the eye had shrunk before landfall, limiting the most powerful winds to an area within of the center. Charley weakened considerably due to its passage over land, but still retained sustained winds of about as it passed directly over Orlando between 0020 and 0140 UTC August 14; gusts of up to were recorded at Orlando International Airport. It

Ocean, with convection developing in curved bands. The wave continued to develop as it approached the Lesser Antilles, and became Tropical Depression Three on August 9 while 115 mi (185 km) south-southeast of Barbados, near the island of Grenada, however, the threat to Barbados was short-lived. Low upper-level wind shear and well-defined outflow contributed to further intensification, and the depression strengthened on August 10, despite being located in the eastern Caribbean Sea, which is an area not particularly suited to tropical cyclogenesis. At this time, the National Hurricane Center in Miami designated the name ""Charley."" A strong ridge of high

sugar cane, bean, and banana crops were affected in Cuban territory. In all, Charley was directly responsible for four deaths in Cuba, and was responsible for $923 million in property damage, primarily from agricultural losses. Hurricane Charley severely affected the state of Florida. There were nine direct fatalities, 20 indirect fatalities, and numerous injuries attributed to the storm. Property damage was estimated at $5.4 billion, and approximately $285 million in agricultural damage. However, due to Charley's speed (it crossed the Florida peninsula in approximately seven hours) and small size, rainfall along the eyewall was mostly limited to . While moving

"Effects of Hurricane Charley in South Carolina"
Effects of Hurricane Charley in South Carolina The effects of Hurricane Charley in South Carolina included $20 million (2004 USD) in damage and 135,000 power outages. Hurricane Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, 2004, and at its peak attained 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida twelve years before, in 1992. Before the storm, Governor Mark Sanford declared a state of emergency as

pressure to the system's north forced Charley to change track quickly to the west-northwest. It continued to strengthen and became a Category 1 hurricane on August 11, while south of Kingston, Jamaica. The storm was being steered around the periphery of the high pressure area, and as a result, Charley changed direction toward the northwest. The following day, the core passed southwest of Jamaica, affecting the island on August 11 and 12. The storm then passed northeast of Grand Cayman, reaching Category 2 status just after passing the island. The hurricane continued to strengthen as it turned to the northwest

passed through the central and eastern parts of the Orlando metropolitan area, still carrying winds gusting up to . The city of Winter Park, north of Orlando, also sustained considerable damage since its many old, large oak trees had not experienced high winds. Falling trees tore down power utilities and smashed cars, and their huge roots lifted underground water and sewer utilities. The storm slowed as it exited the state over Ormond Beach just north of Daytona Beach. The storm was ultimately absorbed by a front in the Atlantic Ocean shortly after sunrise on August 15, near southeastern Massachusetts. Charley

was initially expected to hit further north in Tampa, and caught many Floridians off-guard due to a sudden change in the storm's track as it approached the state. Along its path, Charley caused 10 deaths and $16.9 billion in damage to insured residential property, making it the second costliest hurricane in United States history at the time. Charley was a compact, fast-moving storm, which limited the scope and severity of the damage. Charley began as a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 4. It moved quickly westward and steadily organized over the open Atlantic

"North, Central American and Caribbean nations at the FIFA World Cup"
4–1 by Czechoslovakia. At the ranking remained the 12 place. The 1994 FIFA World Cup was held in nine cities across the United States. The United States was chosen as the host by FIFA on 4 July 1988. Average attendance was 69,000, a record which still stands today (no other FIFA World Cup has exceeded 53,000 average attendance). The total attendance of nearly 3.6 million for the final tournament remains the highest in World Cup history, despite the expansion of the competition from 24 to 32 teams (and from 52 to 64 matches) in the 1998 World Cup. A total

by Saudi Arabian Mohammed Al-Deayea in 2002 (though Carbajal played 14 matches in 5 tournaments, while al-Deayea was in 10 games across 3 Cups). The 1970 FIFA World Cup, the ninth staging of the World Cup, was held in Mexico, from 31 May to 21 June. The 1970 tournament was the first World Cup hosted in North America, and the first held outside South America and Europe. Mexico was chosen as the host nation by FIFA in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964, over opposition from Argentina. Along with Mexico, another CONCACAF spot was reserved to the winner of the

"United States men's national soccer team"
FIFA selected Mexico to host the tournament. In the last game of CONCACAF qualifying for the 1986 World Cup, the U.S. needed only a tie against Costa Rica to reach the final qualification group against Honduras and Canada. U.S. Soccer scheduled the game to be played in Torrance, California, an area with many Costa Rican expatriates, and marketed the game almost exclusively to the Costa Rican community. Costa Rica won the match 1–0, and kept the U.S. from reaching its fourth World Cup finals. In 1988, U.S. Soccer attempted to re-implement its national-team-as-club concept, offering contracts to players to train

qualifying, ending the streak of consecutive World Cups at seven. United States will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico, the automatic qualification on all three teams is likely as co-hosts. The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments, including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América. The U.S. has hosted fourteen editions of the Gold Cup, winning six, and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas, including the 2016 edition that they hosted. The team's head coach is Gregg Berhalter, since November 29, 2018. Earnie Stewart is the team's General Manager since August 1,

United States men's national soccer team The United States Men's National Soccer Team (USMNT) is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and competes in the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups, including the first in 1930, where they reached the semi-finals. The U.S. participated in the 1934 and 1950 World Cups, winning 1–0 against England in the latter. After 1950, the U.S. did not qualify for the World Cup until 1990. The U.S. hosted the 1994 World Cup, where they lost to Brazil in the round of

and 2013. The U.S. team won 1–0 in Italy on February 29, 2012, the team's first ever win over Italy. On June 2, 2013, the U.S. played a friendly against Germany at a sold out RFK Stadium in Washington D.C., with the U.S. winning 4–3. In July 2013, the U.S. hosted the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup where it went undefeated in the group stage and won with a 1–0 victory over Panama in the final, with Landon Donovan winning the tournament's golden ball award. A 4–3 victory over Bosnia and Herzegovina in an international friendly match in Sarajevo represented the

1994. Since 1995, Nike has been the uniform supplier. The teams of Mexico and the United States are widely considered as the two major powers of CONCACAF. Matches between the two nations often attract much media attention, public interest and comment in both countries. Although the first match was played in 1934, their rivalry was not considered major until the 1980s, when the teams began to frequently compete in CONCACAF cups. On August 15, 2012, the United States defeated Mexico at Estadio Azteca in the first victory for the U.S. against Mexico on Mexican soil in 75 years. Ever since

"History of the United States men's national soccer team"
the finals of the 2009 Confederations Cup. In 1885, the United States and Canada played at Newark, New Jersey, making it the first international match held outside of the United Kingdom; the Canadians won the match 1–0. The following year, a fixture at the same venue resulted in the U.S. winning after scoring the only goal of the game. Neither match was officially recognized. Thirty years later, on August 20, 1916, the United States played its first official international match under the auspices of U.S. Soccer against Sweden in Stockholm, which the U.S. won 3–2, with goals from Dick Spalding,

a hat trick in a World Cup. In the semifinals, the U.S. lost to Argentina 6–1. There was no third place game. However, using the overall tournament records in 1986, FIFA credited the U.S. with a third-place finish ahead of fellow semi-finalist Yugoslavia. This remains the U.S. team's best World Cup result, and is the highest finish of any team from outside of South America and Europe. The U.S. qualified for the 1934 World Cup by defeating Mexico 4–2 in Italy a few days before the finals started. In a straight knock-out format, the team first played host Italy and

States lost 2–1 to Mexico at Estadio Azteca. On October 10, the U.S. secured qualification to the 2010 World Cup with a 3–2 win over Honduras. Four days later, the U.S. finished in first place in the group with a 2–2 tie against Costa Rica. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the U.S. team was drawn in Group C against England, Slovenia and Algeria. After drawing against England (1–1) and Slovenia (2–2), the U.S. defeated Algeria 1–0 with a stoppage time goal from Landon Donovan, taking first place in a World Cup Finals group for the first time since 1930.

is parallax more pronounced with nearby stars or with distant stars

"Stellar parallax"
Stellar parallax Stellar parallax is the apparent shift of position of any nearby star (or other object) against the background of distant objects. Created by the different orbital positions of Earth, the extremely small observed shift is largest at time intervals of about six months, when Earth arrives at exactly opposite sides of the Sun in its orbit, giving a baseline distance of about two astronomical units between observations. The parallax itself is considered to be half of this maximum, about equivalent to the observational shift that would occur due to the different positions of Earth and the Sun, a

sophisticated computer technology of the 1960s allowed more efficient compilation of star catalogues. In the 1980s, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) replaced photographic plates and reduced optical uncertainties to one milliarcsecond. Stellar parallax remains the standard for calibrating other measurement methods (see Cosmic distance ladder). Accurate calculations of distance based on stellar parallax require a measurement of the distance from Earth to the Sun, now known to exquisite accuracy based on radar reflection off the surfaces of planets. The angles involved in these calculations are very small and thus difficult to measure. The nearest star to the Sun (and also the star

dispersion based on their distance. Other uses of the term parallax in astronomy, with different meanings are the photometric parallax method, spectroscopic parallax, and dynamical parallax. Stellar parallax Stellar parallax is the apparent shift of position of any nearby star (or other object) against the background of distant objects. Created by the different orbital positions of Earth, the extremely small observed shift is largest at time intervals of about six months, when Earth arrives at exactly opposite sides of the Sun in its orbit, giving a baseline distance of about two astronomical units between observations. The parallax itself is considered

Parallax
now based on radar reflection off the surfaces of planets. The angles involved in these calculations are very small and thus difficult to measure. The nearest star to the Sun (and thus the star with the largest parallax), Proxima Centauri, has a parallax of 0.7687 ± 0.0003 arcsec. This angle is approximately that subtended by an object 2 centimeters in diameter located 5.3 kilometers away. The fact that stellar parallax was so small that it was unobservable at the time was used as the main scientific argument against heliocentrism during the early modern age. It is clear from Euclid's geometry

with the largest parallax), Proxima Centauri, has a parallax of 0.7687 ± 0.0003 arcsec. This angle is approximately that subtended by an object 2 centimeters in diameter located 5.3 kilometers away. In 1989 the satellite Hipparcos was launched primarily for obtaining parallaxes and proper motions of nearby stars, increasing the number of stellar parallaxes measured to milliarcsecond accuracy a thousandfold. Even so, Hipparcos is only able to measure parallax angles for stars up to about 1,600 light-years away, a little more than one percent of the diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Hubble telescope WFC3 now has a precision

of 15th magnitude and brighter stars of 20 - 40 microarcseconds. Two related techniques can determine the mean distances of stars by modelling the motions of stars. Both are referred to as statistical parallaxes, or individual called secular parallaxes and classical statistical parallaxes. The motion of the Sun through space provides a longer baseline that will increase the accuracy of parallax measurements, known as secular parallax. For stars in the Milky Way disk, this corresponds to a mean baseline of 4 AU per year, whereas for halo stars the baseline is 40 AU per year. After several decades, the baseline

baseline of one astronomical unit (AU). Stellar parallax is so difficult to detect that its existence was the subject of much debate in astronomy for hundreds of years. It was first observed in 1806 by Giuseppe Calandrelli who reported parallax in α-Lyrae in his work """"Osservazione e riflessione sulla parallasse annua dall’alfa della Lira"""". Then in 1838 Friedrich Bessel made the first successful parallax measurement ever, for the star 61 Cygni, using a Fraunhofer heliometer at Königsberg Observatory. Once a star's parallax is known, its distance from Earth can be computed trigonometrically. But the more distant an object is, the

smaller its parallax. Even with 21st-century techniques in astrometry, the limits of accurate measurement make distances farther away than about 100 parsecs (or roughly 300 light years) too approximate to be useful when obtained by this technique. This limits the applicability of parallax as a measurement of distance to objects that are relatively close on a galactic scale. Other techniques, such as spectral red-shift, are required to measure the distance of more remote objects. Stellar parallax measures are given in the tiny units of arcseconds, or even in thousandths of arcseconds (milliarcseconds). The distance unit parsec is defined as the

position of a star at different times of the year as Earth moves through its orbit. Measurement of annual parallax was the first reliable way to determine the distances to the closest stars. The first successful measurements of stellar parallax were made by Friedrich Bessel in 1838 for the star 61 Cygni using a heliometer. Being very difficult to measure, only about 60 stellar parallaxes had been obtained by the end of the 19th century, mostly by use of the filar micrometer. Astrographs using astronomical photographic plates sped the process in the early 20th century. Automated plate-measuring machines and more

length of the leg of a right triangle adjacent to the angle of one arcsecond at one vertex, where the other leg is 1 AU long. Because stellar parallaxes and distances all involve such skinny right triangles, a convenient trigonometric approximation can be used to convert parallaxes (in arcseconds) to distance (in parsecs). The approximate distance is simply the reciprocal of the parallax: formula_1 For example, Proxima Centauri (the nearest star to Earth other than the Sun), whose parallax is 0.7687, is 1 / 0.7687 parsecs = distant. Stellar parallax is so small (as to be unobservable until the 19th

"United States at the Olympics"
Jim Thorpe was stripped of his medals when it was discovered that he had played semi-professional baseball before the Olympics. His medals were posthumously restored by the IOC in 1983 on compassionate grounds. The advent of the state-sponsored ""full-time amateur athlete"" of the Eastern Bloc countries eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but all of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time

In the semifinals, the United States upset top ranked Spain 2–0, to advance to the final. In the final, the United States lost 3–2 to Brazil. The U.S. men's soccer team have played in the Summer Olympics since 1924. From that tournament to 1980, only amateur and state-sponsored Eastern European players were allowed on Olympic teams. The Olympics became a full international tournament in 1984 after the IOC allowed full national teams from outside FIFA CONMEBOL & UEFA confederations. Ever since 1992 the men's Olympic event has been age-restricted, under 23 plus three overage players, and participation has been by

"1984 Summer Olympics boycott"
Summer Olympics because of ""United States interference in the Middle East, its support for the regime occupying Jerusalem, and the crimes being committed by the U.S.A. in Latin America, especially in El Salvador"". Iran and Albania were the only countries to not attend both the 1980 Moscow and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Libya also boycotted the Olympics after Libyan journalists were refused entry into the United States in July, along with the 1983 ban upon US exports to Libya and a renewal of bans upon travel to Libya by holders of US passports. Libya and Ethiopia were the only

basis. As a result, the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Pierre de Coubertin, to allowing participation of professional athletes. United States at the Olympics The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott. The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States. From 1896 to 2018 inclusive, U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any

United States at the Olympics The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott. The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States. From 1896 to 2018 inclusive, U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other nation, and another 305 at the Winter Olympic Games, the second most behind Norway. The United States has hosted the Games on eight

"United States at the 1948 Winter Olympics"
center of the issue was amateurism. One team was sponsored by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The USOC was responsible for determining American participation in the Games. The other team was sponsored by the Amateur Hockey Association (AHA) and the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG). The LIHG, under the guidance of founder Wilhelm ""Willie"" Bernfeld, was responsible for approving the participation of national hockey teams at the Olympics. The AAU refused to support the AHA's team because they believed that AHA players were ""openly paid salaries"" and at the time, the

"Basketball at the Summer Olympics"
indoors for the first time in 1948. The American team proved its dominance, winning the first seven Olympic tournaments until 1968, without losing a single game. While the Americans were barred from sending a team that contained players from the professional National Basketball Association, they instead sent in college players; teams from some other countries sent in their best players, as some of their players were classified as ""amateur"" by FIBA, by earning allowances instead of wages. The U.S. winning streak ended in 1972 under highly controversial circumstances, when the Soviet Union beat them in the gold-medal game. After the

"Olympic Games"
with the CAHA. In 1976, the IIHF agreed to allow ""open competition"" between all players in the World Championships. However, NHL players were still not allowed to play in the Olympics until 1988, because of the IOC's amateur-only policy. Greece, Australia, France, and United Kingdom are the only countries to be represented at every Olympic Games since their inception in 1896. While countries sometimes miss an Olympics due to a lack of qualified athletes, some choose to boycott a celebration of the Games for various reasons. The Olympic Council of Ireland boycotted the 1936 Berlin Games, because the IOC insisted

"United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics"
became a major power in the Olympics from 1904 to 2000, winning 47 of 90 gold medals, but left out of the medals for the second consecutive Olympics. On July 15, 2008, the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) named the rider/horse combinations for the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team. The horses were shipped to England on July 17, placed under quarantine on July 22, 2008, and shipped to Hong Kong for the Olympic Games on July 30, 2008. Before the start of the games, Heidi White-Carty and her horse Northern Spy withdrew from the U.S. eventing team because of a veterinary

Cold War opponents boycotted each other's Games. The United States and sixty-five other countries boycotted the Moscow Olympics in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This boycott reduced the number of nations participating to 80, the lowest number since 1956. The Soviet Union and 15 other nations countered by boycotting the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984, contending that they could not guarantee the safety of their athletes. Although a boycott led by the Soviet Union depleted the field in certain sports, 140 National Olympic Committees took part, which was a record at the time. The fact that Romania,

"Clock face"
Clock face A clock face, or dial, is the part of an analog clock (or watch) that displays the time through the use of a fixed-numbered dial or dials and moving hands. In its most basic form, recognized throughout the world, the periphery of the dial is numbered 1 through 12 indicating the hours in a 12-hour cycle, and a short ""hour hand"" makes two revolutions in a day. A long ""minute hand"" makes one revolution every hour. The face may also include a ""second hand"", which makes one revolution per minute. The term is less commonly used for the

face with the 12 at the top, indicating the hour, and on many models, sixty dots or lines evenly spaced in a ring around the outside of the dial, indicating minutes and seconds. The time is read by observing the placement of several ""hands"", which emanate from the centre of the dial: All the hands continuously rotate around the dial in a clockwise direction – in the direction of increasing numbers. The word clock derives from the Irish word for bell, ""Cluig"". Irish monks travelled down through Britain and into Europe evangelising the continent again after the fall of the

"28 (number)"
is a harmonic divisor number, a happy number, a triangular number, a hexagonal number, and a centered nonagonal number. It appears in the Padovan sequence, preceded by the terms 12, 16, 21 (it is the sum of the first two of these). It is also a Keith number, because it recurs in a Fibonacci-like sequence started from its base 10 digits: 2, 8, 10, 18, 28... Twenty-eight is the third positive integer with a prime factorization of the form 2""q"" where ""q"" is an odd prime. Twenty-eight is the ninth and last number in early Indian magic square of order

Tellurion
Tellurion A tellurion (also spelled ""tellurian"", ""tellurium"", and yet another name is ""loxocosm""), is a clock, typically of French or Swiss origin, surmounted by a mechanism that depicts how day, night, and the seasons are caused by the rotation and orientation of Earth on its axis and its orbit around the Sun. The clock normally also displays the age of the Moon and the four-year (perpetual) calendar. It is related to the orrery, which illustrates the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the solar system in a heliocentric model. The word tellurion derives from the Latin

combination, with the prior indicating the hour and the latter the minute. Longcase clocks (grandfather clocks) typically use Roman numerals for the hours. Clocks using only Arabic numerals first began to appear in the mid-18th century. The clock face is so familiar that the numbers are often omitted and replaced with applied indices (undifferentiated hour marks), particularly in the case of watches. Occasionally, markings of any sort are dispensed with, and the time is read by the angles of the hands. Most modern clocks have the numbers 1 through 12 printed at equally spaced intervals around the periphery of the

"St Mark's Clock"
the other to show Arabic numerals from 0 to 55 in steps of 5. These were illuminated from behind by gas lamps, so that the numbers could be seen from the square below. During the Magi procession, the wheels were lifted away from the doors to allow the statues to pass through, and the temperatore changed the numbers manually. De Lucia modified the escapement, replacing it with a pinwheel, and lengthened the pendulum to beat at 2 seconds. In 1886, the Arabic numerals installed by Ferracina were removed, and the original Roman numerals showing the Italian numbering were revealed again.

"24-hour clock"
separator symbol between hours, minutes and seconds is the colon, which is also the symbol used in ISO 8601. In the past, some European countries used the dot on the line as a separator, but most national standards on time notation have since then been changed to the international standard colon. In some contexts (including the U.S. military and some computer protocols), no separator is used and times are written as, for example, ""2359"". In the 24-hour time notation, the day begins at midnight, 00:00, and the last minute of the day begins at 23:59. Where convenient, the notation 24:00

"Striking clock"
Galvano Fiamma wrote: The astronomical clock designed by Richard of Wallingford in 1327 and built around 1354, also struck 24 hours. Some rare clocks use a form of striking known as ""Roman Striking"" invented by Joseph Knibb, in which a large bell or lower tone is sounded to represent ""five"", and a small bell or high tone is sounded to represent ""one"". For example, four o'clock would be sounded as a high tone followed by a low tone, whereas the hour of eleven o'clock would be sounded by two low tones followed by a high tone. The purpose is to

"Roman numerals"
numerals: ""14..1789"" and "".14.1789"" both refer unambiguously to 14 June 1789. Roman numerals are sometimes used to represent the in hours-of-operation signs displayed in windows or on doors of businesses, and also sometimes in railway and bus timetables. Monday, taken as the first day of the week, is represented by . Sunday is represented by . The hours of operation signs are tables composed of two columns where the left column is the day of the week in Roman numerals and the right column is a range of hours of operation from starting time to closing time. In the example

"Magic square"
Gaudí and designed by sculptor Josep Subirachs, features a 4×4 magic square: The magic constant of the square is 33, the age of Jesus at the time of the Passion. Structurally, it is very similar to the Melancholia magic square, but it has had the numbers in four of the cells reduced by 1. While having the same pattern of summation, this is not a normal magic square because two numbers (10 and 14) are duplicated and two (12 and 16) are absent, failing the rule that an n x n magic square must contain each of the positive integers

13-3 record, when they beat the Falcons and Vikings in the reverse order that they did in the 2004-05 playoffs. They exacted revenge on New England in Super Bowl LII, edging them 41–33. This is the last time that a team has won back-to-back Super Bowls, with the Patriots losing their second playoff game a year later and then, for the next eight years, every team either losing their first playoff game or missing them altogether. The streak was broken in 2014 when the Seahawks defeated the Panthers and ultimately advanced to the Super Bowl, only to lose to a

green, quarterback Randall Cunningham left after 11 seasons, and future fan favorite 13-year starter Brian Dawkins was drafted in the 2nd round. After slipping to 6–9–1, and then to 3–13, head coach Ray Rhodes was fired after four seasons. In 1999, the Eagles hired head coach Andy Reid and drafted quarterback Donovan McNabb. From 1999 until 2004, the team continually improved, going from 5–11 in 1999, returning to the playoffs in with an 11–5 record in 2000, being eliminated in the divisional round. Moreover, the Eagles played in four straight NFC Championship Games between 2001 and 2004. In 2001, the

Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of

"2004 Philadelphia Eagles season"
the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season. weather= 77 °F (Sunny) The highly anticipated Eagles' season began with a convincing rout of the division-rival New York Giants in a game that was not as close as the 31–17 score. New York scored the first points

Eagles stayed at 11–5, beating the Buccaneers and Bears to advance to the NFC championship, where they lost to the St. Louis Rams. In 2002, the Eagles drafted running back Brian Westbrook, got the 1st round bye with the 2nd seed in the NFC with a 12–4 record, but the Tampa Bay Buccaneers got their revenge in the Championship and eliminated the Eagles. In 2003, they won the NFC's first seed, but Westbrook went down in Week 17, culminating in a loss to the Carolina Panthers in their 3rd straight NFC Championship. In 2004, the Philadelphia Eagles had their best

the Patriots became the 8th team to make it to the Super Bowl for the 5th time. They joined the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers, Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins, and Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders. They would be joined by the Green Bay Packers in 2011 and the New York Giants in 2012. The Eagles were trying to win their first NFL title since 1960 and the first championship for the city of Philadelphia since Moses Malone's ""fo', fi', fo'"" during the 76ers run to the NBA Championship. With President George W. Bush being inaugurated for a second

the team wore midnight green jerseys and pants for the first of only two occasions in team history. The second occasion was in 2002, during the final regular season game at Veterans Stadium, a win over the division-rival Washington Redskins. A year later, in the first two games of the 2003 season (both home losses to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots), the Eagles wore white jerseys with white pants. Since 2003, the white jerseys along with white pants have been worn during preseason games. The 2003 season also saw the first (though only subtle) change to the

"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"
XXXIX. Notes The Eagles began their 2017 season on the road against the Washington Redskins and won 30-17. However, the team lost the following week to the Kansas City Chiefs in Doug Pederson's return to face his mentor and the team's former coach, Andy Reid. Then the Eagles went on a nine-game win streak which consisted of dominant home wins over the Arizona Cardinals, San Francisco 49ers, Denver Broncos and Chicago Bears. However, their win streak came to an end at the hands of the Seattle Seahawks in Week 13 by a score of 24-10 in Seattle. But the team

2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record from 2016, reaching a record of 13–3, and tying their 2004 season for the highest winning percentage in franchise history. Their win against the Los Angeles Rams allowed them to clinch the division title for the first time since 2013, but came with the loss of Carson Wentz to a torn ACL. A close win against the

in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots

won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl

"2018 Philadelphia Eagles season"
who had been injured late in the 2017 season, returned as a starter in Week 3. The Eagles struggled through the first 10 games of the season to a 4–6 record, with inconsistent play and multiple injuries to players such as safety Rodney McLeod and running back Jay Ajayi. With a 21–17 loss to the Panthers in Week 7, the Eagles failed to improve or match their record from the previous season. With a 48–7 loss to New Orleans in Week 11, the Eagles set a new record for the largest loss by a defending Super Bowl champion. The Eagles

missing his receivers; as a result, the Eagles defense and special teams had to carry the offensive line for a 19-10 win on a cold Christmas night to seal home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs. The Eagles went on to lose a meaningless Week 17 game to the Dallas Cowboys in a shutout score of 6-0 in Nate Sudfeld's debut as an Eagle, but they finished with a record of 13-3, tying their 2004 season for that record. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Eagles kicked off the 2017 season on the road against the Redskins. The Eagles

as the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter,

New York Giants in Week 15 helped the Eagles clinch a first-round bye for the first time in 13 years, and a Christmas Night home win over the Oakland Raiders allowed the Eagles to clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2004. The Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10 in the Divisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since 1980 to be an underdog

the Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record

the underdogs. The Eagles entered their first playoff game as the first No.1 seeded team since the 1970 Colts to be an underdog in the playoffs. The Eagles relied on their defense to stop the 6th seeded Atlanta Falcons on their drives to prevail a 15-10 win to advance to the NFC Championship Game. In that game, against the top-ranked Minnesota Vikings defense, Nick Foles and the Eagles offense dominated drive after drive and came for 4 touchdowns and the defense bothered the Vikings all night as the Eagles destroyed the Vikings 38-7 to advance to Super Bowl LII in

"Lionel Messi"
to pay for his medical treatment. After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. Despite being injury-prone during his early career, he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he repeated the following year. His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008–09 season, during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon

Messi joined Barcelona C in addition to the ""Juveniles"" A, playing his first game for the third team on 29 November. He helped save them from the relegation zone of the Tercera División, scoring five goals in ten games, including a hat-trick in eight minutes during a Copa del Rey match while man-marked by Sevilla's Sergio Ramos. His progress was reflected in his first professional contract, signed on 4 February 2004, which lasted until 2012 and contained an initial buyout clause of €30 million. A month later, on 6 March, he made his debut for Barcelona B in the Segunda

process. As a dual Argentine-Spanish national, Messi was eligible to play for the national team of both countries. Selectors for Spain's Under-17 squad began pursuing him in 2003 after Barcelona's director of football, Carles Rexach, alerted the Royal Spanish Football Federation to their young player. Messi declined the offer, having aspired to represent ""La Albiceleste"" since childhood. To further prevent Spain from taking him, the Argentine Football Association organised two under-20 friendlies in June 2004, against Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose of finalising his status as an Argentina player in FIFA. Five days after his 17th birthday, on 29

joined local club Grandoli, where he was coached by his father, though his earliest influence as a player came from his maternal grandmother, Celia, who accompanied him to training and matches. He was greatly affected by her death, shortly before his eleventh birthday; since then, as a devout Catholic, he has celebrated his goals by looking up and pointing to the sky in tribute of his grandmother. A lifelong supporter of Newell's Old Boys, Messi joined the Rosario club when he was six years old. During the six years he played for Newell's, he scored almost 500 goals as a

made his league debut during the next match on 16 October, against Espanyol, coming on in the 82nd minute. At 17 years, three months, and 22 days old, he was at the time the youngest player to represent Barcelona in an official competition. As a substitute player, he played 77 minutes in nine matches for the first team that season, including his debut in the UEFA Champions League against Shakhtar Donetsk. He scored his first senior goal on 1 May 2005, against Albacete, from an assist by Ronaldinho, becoming – at that time – the youngest-ever scorer for the club.

mother moved back to Rosario with his brothers and little sister, María Sol, while he stayed in Barcelona with his father. After a year at Barcelona's youth academy, La Masia, Messi was finally enrolled in the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) in February 2002. Now playing in all competitions, he befriended his teammates, among whom were Cesc Fàbregas and Gerard Piqué. After completing his growth hormone treatment aged 14, Messi became an integral part of the ""Baby Dream Team"", Barcelona's greatest-ever youth side. During his first full season (2002–03), he was top scorer with 36 goals in 30 games for

Barcelona, in their second season under Rijkaard, won the league for the first time in six years. On 24 June 2005, his 18th birthday, Messi signed his first contract as a senior team player. It made him a Barcelona player until 2010, two years less than his previous contract, but his buyout clause increased to €150 million. His breakthrough came two months later, on 24 August, during the Joan Gamper Trophy, Barcelona's pre-season competition. A starter for the first time, he gave a well-received performance against Fabio Capello's Juventus, receiving an ovation from the Camp Nou. While Capello requested to

October, his first official goal for Argentina in two-and-a-half years. Under Sabella, Messi's goalscoring rate drastically increased; where he had scored only 17 goals in 61 matches under his previous managers, he scored 25 times in 32 appearances during the following three years. He netted a total of 12 goals in 9 games for Argentina in 2012, equalling the record held by Gabriel Batistuta, Argentina's all-time top scorer, for the most goals scored in a calendar year for their country. His first hat-trick with the ""Albicelestes"" came in a friendly against Switzerland on 29 February 2012, followed by two more

member of ""The Machine of '87"", the near-unbeatable youth side named for the year of their birth, and regularly entertained crowds by performing ball tricks during half-time of the first team's home games. However, his future as a professional player was threatened when, at age 10, he was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. As his father's health insurance covered only two years of growth hormone treatment, which cost at least $1,000 per month, Newell's agreed to contribute, but later reneged on their promise. He was scouted by Buenos Aires club River Plate, whose playmaker, Pablo Aimar, he idolised, but

the all-time goalscoring records in both La Liga and the Champions League in November 2014, and led Barcelona to a historic second treble. An Argentine international, Messi is his country's all-time leading goalscorer. At youth level, he won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, finishing the tournament with both the Golden Ball and Golden Shoe, and an Olympic gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. His style of play as a diminutive, left-footed dribbler drew comparisons with compatriot Diego Maradona, who declared the teenager his successor. After making his senior debut in August 2005, Messi became the youngest Argentine to

"Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight"
winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout. Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight The men's heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 21 September to 30 September at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Félix Savón became the third boxer to win three consecutive Olympic gold medals, along with his countryman Teofilo Stevenson, and Hungary's Laszlo Papp. Shortly after the victory ceremony, he announced his retirement. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event

Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight The men's heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 21 September to 30 September at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Félix Savón became the third boxer to win three consecutive Olympic gold medals, along with his countryman Teofilo Stevenson, and Hungary's Laszlo Papp. Shortly after the victory ceremony, he announced his retirement. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 16 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various qualifying tournaments held in 1999 and 2000.

"Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Super heavyweight"
of competitors was reduced to 8, and concluded with the final on 1 October. Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals. All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches

by the end of the bout. Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Super heavyweight The men's super heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Being the heaviest class, super heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing over 91 kilograms (200.6 pounds). Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 16 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various qualifying tournaments held in 1999 and 2000. The competition began with a preliminary round

Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Super heavyweight The men's super heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Being the heaviest class, super heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing over 91 kilograms (200.6 pounds). Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 16 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various qualifying tournaments held in 1999 and 2000. The competition began with a preliminary round on 23 September, where the number

"Anatoly Khrapaty"
hit by an oncoming vehicle. Anatoly Khrapaty Anatoly Mikhaylovich Khrapaty (also Chrapaty, ; 20 October 1962 – 11 August 2008) was a heavyweight weightlifter who competed for the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan. Between 1984 and 1996 he won a gold and a silver Olympic medal, as well as five worlds and five European titles. He also set five world records: one in the snatch, three in the clean and jerk and one in the total. Khrapaty retired in 1998 to become a Kazakhstani national coach. He died at age 45, a few days before his flight to the 2008 Summer

"K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 Final"
K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 Final K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 Final was a kickboxing event promoted by the K-1 organization. It was the eighth K-1 Grand Prix final, involving eight of the world's top fighters, with all bouts fought under K-1 Rules (100 kg/156-220 lbs). The eight finalists were a mixture of invitees, some of whom had been at the previous year's final, or had qualified via preliminary tournaments (for more detail on this see bulleted list below). As well as tournament bouts there were also two 'Super Fights', one involving Japanese middleweight star Takayuki Kohiruimaki against Wilreid Montargne,

"Steven Küchler"
Steven Küchler Steven Küchler (born November 5, 1975 in Schmölln, Thuringia) is a boxer from Germany, who is nicknamed ""Mr. Hollywood"". He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. There he was stopped in the quarterfinals of the Men's Welterweight Division (– 67 kg) division by Romania's eventual bronze medalist Dorel Simion. Out of 261 amateur fights, he won 234. Küchler began his professional boxing career in 2002, representing the box promotion ""Universum"" and after 7 fights and several injuries, he decided to retire from boxing in 2004. In 2010, he made a comeback in

fought under K-1 MAX Rules (70 kg/152 lbs), the other involving UFC legend Frank Shamrock against Elvis Sinosic in a kickboxing match fought under K-1 Rules. In addition, there were also two 'freshman fights' involving local fighters. In total there were sixteen fighters at the event, representing nine countries. The tournament champion was Ernesto Hoost who defeated Ray Sefo in the final by third round unanimous decision. This would be Ernesto Hoost's third K-1 World Grand Prix victory, adding to the one he had won the previous year and another in '97. Ray Sefo would be making his first K-1

Anatoly Khrapaty Anatoly Mikhaylovich Khrapaty (also Chrapaty, ; 20 October 1962 – 11 August 2008) was a heavyweight weightlifter who competed for the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan. Between 1984 and 1996 he won a gold and a silver Olympic medal, as well as five worlds and five European titles. He also set five world records: one in the snatch, three in the clean and jerk and one in the total. Khrapaty retired in 1998 to become a Kazakhstani national coach. He died at age 45, a few days before his flight to the 2008 Summer Olympics, when his motorcycle was

Beorn
Beorn Beorn is a fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien, and part of his Middle-earth legendarium. He appears in ""The Hobbit"" as a ""skin-changer"", a man who could assume the form of a great black bear. The Man named Beorn lived in a wooden house on his pasture-lands between the Misty Mountains and Mirkwood, to the east of the Anduin. His household included an animal retinue (horses, dogs, sheep, and cows, among others); according to Gandalf, Beorn ""does not eat them; neither does he hunt or eat wild animals"".. He grew large areas of clover for his bees,

Sauron
appearance during any of his incarnations. According to ""The Silmarillion"", Sauron was initially able to change his appearance at will. In the beginning he assumed a beautiful form, but after switching his allegiance to Morgoth, he took a sinister shape. In the First Age, Gorlim was at one point brought into ""the dreadful presence of Sauron"", but the only concrete hint about his appearance is a reference to his daunting eyes. As part of a plan to destroy Huan, Sauron took the form of the greatest werewolf in Middle-earth's history. When the plan backfired, he assumed a serpent-like form, and

Beorn
for purposes not completely explained. Later in ""The Hobbit"", it is said that ""Beorn indeed became a great chief afterwards in those regions and ruled a wide land between the mountains and the wood; and it is said that for many generations the men of his line had the power of taking bear's shape and some were grim men and bad, but most were in heart like Beorn, if less in size and strength."" (""The Hobbit"" chapter 18 'The Return Journey'). It appears the ability to change shape into a bear was not exclusive to Beorn as an individual and

Beorn
game ""The Lord of the Rings Online"" in Update 15 (November 2014). The players can play as a male or a female Beorning and can transform into a bear after building up sufficient wrath whilst engaged in combat. Grimbeorn's Lodge in the Vales of Anduin has also been added to the game as a starter area for the Beorning class and Grimbeorn himself also makes a brief appearance. Beorn Beorn is a fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien, and part of his Middle-earth legendarium. He appears in ""The Hobbit"" as a ""skin-changer"", a man who could assume the

Erythnul
the revised ""Players Handbook"" for this edition (2003). His priesthood is detailed for this edition in ""Complete Divine"" (2004). Erythnul resembles a , brutal-looking man. He is rubicund of complexion, hirsute, and muscular, with knotted muscles and a blocky frame. His dull-green eyes are filled with the madness of war. He typically wears red fur and red-dyed leather, and carries a stone-headed morningstar. A hole in the head of the morningstar creates a whistling noise as Erythnul swings it; the keening howl of the morningstar has been known to send those who hear it fleeing until they collapse from exhaustion.

Treebeard
Tolkien Ensemble) compact disc, Treebeard is voiced by Christopher Lee. Treebeard Treebeard (Sindarin: ""Fangorn"") is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings. The eldest of the species of Ents, he is said to live in the ancient Forest of Fangorn and stands fourteen feet (4 m) in height. He is treelike in appearance – reminiscent of ""beech-trees or oaks"" – with leafy hair and a rigid structure. His home of Fangorn Forest lies close to Isengard, where Saruman the White resides. In ""The Two Towers"" he meets with Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, two Hobbits of

Treebeard
Treebeard Treebeard (Sindarin: ""Fangorn"") is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings. The eldest of the species of Ents, he is said to live in the ancient Forest of Fangorn and stands fourteen feet (4 m) in height. He is treelike in appearance – reminiscent of ""beech-trees or oaks"" – with leafy hair and a rigid structure. His home of Fangorn Forest lies close to Isengard, where Saruman the White resides. In ""The Two Towers"" he meets with Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, two Hobbits of the Shire known also as Merry and Pippin. Treebeard is

Jambavan
was created by Brahma, to assist Rama in his struggle against Ravana. Jambavana was present at the churning of the ocean, and is supposed to have circled Vamana seven times when he was acquiring the three worlds from Mahabali. Jambavan is also known as Jambavan in his previous life was the King of the Himalayas who had incarnated as a bear in order to serve Lord Rama. He received a boon from Lord Rama that he would have a long life, and have the strength of ten million lions. In the epic ""Ramayana"", Jambavantha helped Rama find His wife Sita

Morgoth
and subjects, but in his pride, also portrayed himself as Morgoth returned when it was more convenient for him to do so. The Ainu Melkor could initially take any shape, but his first recorded form was ""...as a mountain that wades in the sea and has its head above the clouds and is clad in ice and crowned with smoke and fire; and the light of the eyes of Melkor was like a flame that withers with heat and pierces with a deadly cold"". At the time he destroyed the Two Trees and stole the Silmarils, he took to himself

Fenrir
an episode in which he was worshipped by a werewolf cult that wished Fenris to bring on Ragnarok, so they could gain domination over humankind. The cult was wiped out by protagonist Dean Winchester after he discovered their plot. Fenrir In the ""Prose Edda"", additional information is given about Fenrir, including that, due to the gods' knowledge of prophecies foretelling great trouble from Fenrir and his rapid growth, the gods bound him, and as a result Fenrir bit off the right hand of the god Týr. Depictions of Fenrir have been identified on various objects, and scholarly theories have been

"Batman: The Enemy Within"
is either visited by Bruce or decides to become the hero's archenemy. However, if he was a criminal, he is shown playing with a doll version of Bruce, which he promises to see again. All episodes below were released for Windows, macOS, PlayStation, Xbox One, and mobile platforms on the dates given. The Nintendo Switch version was released as a single package on October 2, 2018. ""Batman: The Enemy Within"" was considered to be an improvement over its predecessor, earning praise for its story, choices, action sequences, and portrayal of the Batman mythos. However, the presence of technical issues, and

"Batman: Arkham Knight"
the Riddler which was released in November 2015; and ""A Flip of a Coin"", set after the events of the main game, in which Robin hunts down Two-Face, which was released in November 2015. The Harley Quinn and Red Hood story packs which were pre-order bonuses were also considered ""Arkham Episodes"". December 2015 saw the release of four ""Season of Infamy"" missions, which see Mad Hatter playing sinister mind-games with Batman, with members of the GCPD caught in the middle; Killer Croc escaping from his maximum security cell and wreaking havoc on a crashed airship; the League of Assassins returning

required a change in the team's design methodology, as the previous games' city designs were too narrow and confined to allow smooth travel for the vehicle. ""Arkham Knight"" was released worldwide on June 23, 2015 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. The console versions of ""Arkham Knight"" received favorable reviews from critics, particularly for its narrative, visuals, gameplay, combat, and world designs, with most criticism given to the overuse of the Batmobile and the portrayal of the Arkham Knight. The Windows version was subject to significant criticism for technical and performance issues that rendered it unplayable for some

tested, with a hope ""to issue the patch in the next few weeks."" The patch addresses frame rate hitches, optimization for graphics cards, the ability to change the max frames per second to 30, 60, and 90, additional granular settings for motion blur, film grain, and chromatic aberration, more texture options, and other settings, and a problem with the game running on mechanical hard drives versus solid state. Lesser priorities intended to be covered include the photo mode and downloadable content. The patch was released on September 4, 2015. Rocksteady and Warner Bros. announced that the game would be available

"Justice League Dark"
members of the team. The film was given the release window of Fall 2016. A sneak peek, with interviews by some of the creators, was provided as a special feature for the DVD and Blu-ray release of """". The film was digitally released on January 24, 2017 and it was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7, 2017. Rumors in November 2012 suggested that Guillermo del Toro was working on a Justice League Dark film titled ""Heaven Sent"". It would feature Deadman, the Spectre, Swamp Thing, John Constantine, Phantom Stranger, Zatanna, Zatara, Sargon the Sorcerer, and Etrigan the Demon.

"Batman: Under the Red Hood"
Batman: Under the Red Hood Batman: Under the Red Hood released on July 27, 2010 is an American animated superhero adventure direct-to-video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. The writer, Judd Winick, also wrote the """" run in the monthly ""Batman"" comic. The two-disc special edition and Blu-ray also includes an animated short . Ra's al Ghul realizes his mistake in allying with the Joker to use him as a distraction while Ra's destroyed Europe's financial districts. In Sarajevo, Bosnia, the

"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice"
January 2014, however, the studio announced that it was delayed from its original release date of July 17, 2015, and moved to May 6, 2016, in order to give the filmmakers ""time to realize fully their vision, given the complex visual nature of the story."" The release date was moved once again in August 2014 from May 6, 2016, to March 25, 2016, with a Warner Bros. insider saying the studio was ""not flinching"" in regards to the previous opening date being on the same day as Marvel Studios' """", but instead stating that March 2016 was a ""fantastic corridor""

"Batman: Arkham"
Troy Baker as Joker. It was released on August 12, 2014. The film is a sequel to ""Arkham Origins"" and takes place about two years before ""Arkham Asylum"". While the film features Batman (who is on a hot pursuit across Gotham to stop the Joker from detonating a dirty bomb which will destroy most of the city), the film primarily focuses on the Suicide Squad (consisting of Deadshot, Harley Quinn, Captain Boomerang, Killer Frost, Black Spider and King Shark), who are sent by Amanda Waller to break through Arkham Asylum and recover a classified file stolen by the Riddler. A

"Justice League Dark (film)"
Turturro, and Ray Chase. It is the first ""Justice League"" film and the second DC Universe animated film to be rated R by the MPAA for some disturbing violence. ""Justice League Dark"" features an original premise wherein a supernatural force is causing violent crimes across America, and Justice League member Batman consults occult detective John Constantine to form a team of paranormal metahumans. The film spawned a spin-off animated web series, """", released on The CW's online streaming platform CW Seed on March 24, 2018, with Ryan reprising his role. It was originally made to be a sequel to the

events of ""Arkham City"", was developed once again by Rocksteady, and was released on the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows on June 23, 2015. The game sees the return of the supervillain Scarecrow, who unites several of Gotham City's greatest villains, including Penguin, Two-Face and Harley Quinn, to destroy Batman. It is intended to be the final ""Arkham"" game by Rocksteady. Kevin Conroy reprised his role as Batman in the game. """", an iOS and Android game developed by NetherRealm Studios, creators of ""Mortal Kombat"", is set before the events of ""Arkham City"". Batman has to stop criminals who

"Ye Hai Mohabbatein"
The show completed 1,500 episodes on June 13, 2018. It has filmed at several foreign locations including Australia, Budapest and London. This is a romantic soap opera about two different people and how their lives are linked by their daughter at start and finally how they fall in love with each other madly. Tamil dentist Ishita lyer (Divyanka Tripathi) and Punjabi businessman Raman Kumar Bhalla (Karan Patel) live in Delhi with their parents. Ishita, who is infertile, forms a motherly bond with Raman's troubled little daughter, Ruhi (Ruhanika Dhawan). To prevent Raman's ill-intentioned ex-wife, Shagun (Anita Hassanandani), from taking custody

the house. Before he can correct his mistake, Ishita attempts suicide, leaving everyone to think she is dead, while she was actually saved by her childhood friend, Mani (Sumeet Sachdev). After living in Australia with Mani and his niece Aliya (Krishna Mukherjee) Ishita returns to India and meets Raman, who feels betrayed that she lived away from him for so many years. Romi marries Mihika. Ishita and Raman learn that Ruhi (Aditi Bhatia) is alive and is living as a pop star Ruhaan. She was kidnapped by Nidhi who poisoned her mind against Ishita. In order to win her back,

of the girl, Ishita and Raman get married and develop a deep bond. Ashok (Sangram Singh) Raman's former boss and Shagun's boyfriend, orchestrates a plot to defame Ishita's cousin, Mihika (Mihika Verma) and make her his wife. Cast aside, Shagun seeks refuge for herself and her son, Adi (Gautam Ahuja) at the Bhalla household, where she plots against Ishita to reclaim Raman. However, Ishita and Raman only grow closer and Shagun is thrown out of the house. She kidnaps Ruhi and Aditya and Ishita risks her life to save the children. The act causes Shagun to re-examine herself and turn

alive. Ruhi becomes friends with Pihu's friend, Riya (Drishti Hemdev) and develops feelings for Riya's father, Nikhil (Ribbhu Mehra). As Nikhil's true colours are revealed, Ishita and Raman struggle as Ruhi falls in love with the wrong person. Pihu pushes her cousin, Ananya (Kavya Ramnani) down a staircase in a fatal accident. Ananya dies. Raman's sister, Simmi (Shireen Mirza), the mother of Ananya, is outraged and demands justice. To protect Pihu, Ishita makes a false confession and is sentenced to life imprisonment, while a disbelieving Raman is left heartbroken. Unknown to Raman, Ashok later reopens the case, proving Ishita's innocence.

the TRP chart in week 31 of the year 2018 occupying the 18th place with 3889 million viewerships. Ye Hai Mohabbatein Ye Hai Mohabbatein ( ""This is Love"") is an Indian soap opera which first aired on StarPlus on December 3, 2013. It was created by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor and produced by their production company Balaji Telefilms. The show stars Divyanka Tripathi, Karan Patel and Anita Hassanandani. The story is partially based on Manju Kapur's novel, Custody. Set in Delhi, the show follows the love story of Tamil dentist Dr. Ishita Iyer and Punjabi CEO Raman Kumar Bhalla.

her life around. Raman's brother, Romi (Aly Goni) is told that his ex-girlfriend, Sarika (Sarika Dhillon) had his child and convinces her to marry him. Ashok is revealed to be a sex offender and his marriage with Mihika ends in divorce. Ishita is able to become pregnant with Raman's child, but suffers a miscarriage when Ashok tries to kill the entire family. The couple decide to try again with a reformed Shagun acting as their surrogate. However, there are difficulties in the household as Ashok has a spy among them, which turns out to be Sarika; the child she claimed

Shagun, lives with her boyfriend, Ashok Khanna, and her son Aditya (Adi). Shagun left Ruhi with Raman when she was still a baby. Due to circumstances, Raman and Ishita marry each other then fall in love with each other. The show has won more than 50 awards. In February 2018, it was announced that ""Ye Hai Mohabbatein"" will have a spin-off named ""Yeh Hai Chahatein"". The show took a seven-year leap in April 2016 followed by a one-year leap in November 2016 and then a two-year leap in November 2017. On December 9, 2016 the show completed its 1,000th episode.

is charged with the crime. Ishita proves his innocence and has Nidhi arrested. Adi goes for a business project to Khandpur village where he is forced to get married to village girl, named Roshni (Vidisha Srivastava), as the people of Khandpur blame Adi for the death of Chandan, Roshni's fiancé, (unknown to them, Ashok is actually responsible for Chandan's death). Adi and Roshni get married but soon they get divorced. Afterwards, Adi and Aliya get married. Mani is presumed dead in an accident and Raman is (wrongfully) charged again. His innocence is proven when it is revealed that Mani is

A broken Bhalla family visits Budapest, Hungary for a business trip, where they fall into a trap set by Simmi and Param (Anurag Sharma), Ananya's parents. Adi is struggling to save his marriage as Aliya develops a gambling addiction. Pihu has been put in a boarding school where Simmi torments her. Raman's depression is exploited with drug abuse, to the point where he has forgotten his family and allowed Param to take over his company. Ishita arrives, aided by Ashok, who has (genuinely) reformed after being diagnosed with terminal cancer. Back in Delhi, Ishita tries to help Raman regain his

Ye Hai Mohabbatein Ye Hai Mohabbatein ( ""This is Love"") is an Indian soap opera which first aired on StarPlus on December 3, 2013. It was created by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor and produced by their production company Balaji Telefilms. The show stars Divyanka Tripathi, Karan Patel and Anita Hassanandani. The story is partially based on Manju Kapur's novel, Custody. Set in Delhi, the show follows the love story of Tamil dentist Dr. Ishita Iyer and Punjabi CEO Raman Kumar Bhalla. Ishita is infertile and becomes emotionally attached to Raman's daughter,Ruhi, who lives with her divorced father. Raman's ex-wife,

"Microscope slide"
Microscope slide A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is mounted (secured) on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slide-mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported, and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders etc. Microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or cover glass, a smaller and thinner sheet of

glass that is placed over the specimen. Slides are held in place on the microscope's stage by slide clips, slide clamps or a cross-table which is used to achieve precise, remote movement of the slide upon the microscope's stage (such as in an automated / computer operated system, or where touching the slide with fingers is inappropriate either due to the risk of contamination or lack of precision) The origin of the concept was pieces of ivory or bone, containing specimens held between disks of transparent mica, that would ""slide"" into the gap between the stage and the objective. These

it is more akin to embedding in histology and should not be confused with the mounting described above. The term mounting in other fields has numerous other meanings. Microscope slide A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is mounted (secured) on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slide-mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported,

the specimen is placed in a drop of water or other liquid held between the slide and the cover slip by surface tension. This method is commonly used, for example, to view microscopic organisms that grow in pond water or other liquid media, especially when studying their movement and behavior. Care must be taken to exclude air bubbles that would interfere with the viewing and hamper the organisms' movements. An example of a temporary wet mount is a lactofuchsin mount, which provides both a sample mounting, as well as a fuchsine staining. For pathological and biological research, the specimen usually

""sliders"" were popular in Victorian England until the Royal Microscopical Society introduced the standardized glass microscope slide. A standard microscope slide measures about 75 mm by 25 mm (3″ by 1″) and is about 1 mm thick. A range of other sizes are available for various special purposes, such as 75 x 50 mm and for geological use, 46 x 27 mm for petrographic studies, and 48 x 28 mm for thin sections. Slides are usually made of common glass and their edges are often finely ground or polished. Microscope slides are usually made of optical quality glass, such as

The mounting of specimens on microscope slides is often critical for successful viewing. The problem has been given much attention in the last two centuries and is a well-developed area with many specialized and sometimes quite sophisticated techniques. Specimens are often held into place using the smaller glass cover slips. The main function of the cover slip is to keep solid specimens pressed flat, and liquid samples shaped into a flat layer of even thickness. This is necessary because high-resolution microscopes have a very narrow region within which they focus. The cover glass often has several other functions. It holds

the specimen in place (either by the weight of the cover slip or, in the case of a wet mount, by surface tension) and protects the specimen from dust and accidental contact. It protects the microscope's objective lens from contacting the specimen and vice versa; in oil immersion microscopy or water immersion microscopy the cover slip prevents contact between the immersion liquid and the specimen. The cover slip can be glued to the slide so as to seal off the specimen, retarding dehydration and oxidation of the specimen and also preventing contamination. A number of sealants are in use, including

"Optical microscope"
objective which supports the specimen being viewed. In the center of the stage is a hole through which light passes to illuminate the specimen. The stage usually has arms to hold slides (rectangular glass plates with typical dimensions of 25×75 mm, on which the specimen is mounted). At magnifications higher than 100× moving a slide by hand is not practical. A mechanical stage, typical of medium and higher priced microscopes, allows tiny movements of the slide via control knobs that reposition the sample/slide as desired. If a microscope did not originally have a mechanical stage it may be possible to

a fixed stage. The whole of the optical assembly is traditionally attached to a rigid arm, which in turn is attached to a robust U-shaped foot to provide the necessary rigidity. The arm angle may be adjustable to allow the viewing angle to be adjusted. The frame provides a mounting point for various microscope controls. Normally this will include controls for focusing, typically a large knurled wheel to adjust coarse focus, together with a smaller knurled wheel to control fine focus. Other features may be lamp controls and/or controls for adjusting the condenser. The stage is a platform below the

soda lime glass or borosilicate glass, but specialty plastics are also used. Fused quartz slides are often used when ultraviolet transparency is important, e.g. in fluorescence microscopy. While plain slides are the most common, there are several specialized types. A concavity slide or cavity slide has one or more shallow depressions (""wells""), designed to hold slightly thicker objects, and certain samples such as liquids and tissue cultures. Slides may have rounded corners for increased safety or robustness, or a cut-off corner for use with a slide clamp or cross-table, where the slide is secured by a spring-loaded curved arm contacting

"Glenn McGee"
1993 as the Center for Medical Ethics Education and Research by Balint. Three years later, after a legal case arising from the University's attempts to demote him as director and remove his endowed chair, he left the university. In 2009 he was appointed to the John B. Francis chair in bioethics at the Center for Practical Bioethics in Kansas City, succeeding John D. Lantos, inaugural holder of the chair. He is presently a professor of healthcare administration on the faculty of the Department of Health Administration and Policy in the University of New Haven School of Health Sciences in 2014,

"Timothy McGee"
Timothy McGee Timothy ""Tim"" Farragut McGee () is a fictional character from the CBS television series ""NCIS"". He is portrayed by Sean Murray. McGee specializes in cybersecurity and computer crime, and is a graduate of Johns Hopkins University and MIT. Murray appeared as a guest star in eight episodes of the first season of ""NCIS""; in season two he joined the main cast and was added to the opening credits. McGee was born in Bethesda, Maryland, on September 13, 1978, to an Irish American family. He spent his childhood in Alameda, California, as his father was a naval officer stationed

"Brian McGee (drummer)"
whose name changed to Simple Minds. He was present on the albums ""Life in a Day"", ""Real to Real Cacophony"", ""Empires and Dance"" and ""Sons and Fascination"". In September 1981, he left Simple Minds after having tired of constant touring and life with the band. After working in his parents' pub, he joined Endgames, replacing David Wilde who left to tour with another Glasgow based band, Altered Images. After two albums, the band dissolved in 1985. By that time, he, along with former Simple Minds bandmate Derek Forbes, joined Propaganda, remaining until 1995. In 2009, they both formed the band

"Tony McGee (tight end)"
bonus, and base salaries of $650,000 in 2002 and $750,000 in both 2003 and 2004. He was the Cowboys' starter at tight end for all 16 games during the 2002 NFL season, catching 23 passes (third on the team) for 294 yards (third on the team) and one touchdown. The next year, new head coach Bill Parcells signed free agent Dan Campbell and drafted future All-Pro Jason Witten, which forced his release on August 31, 2003. On September 1, 2003, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to replace an injured Rickey Dudley, but was

"Kris Myers"
Kris Myers Kris Myers (born April 5, 1977) is an American musician. He is currently the drummer for Chicago-based progressive rock band Umphrey's McGee. Receiving his first drum kit at the age of 8, Myers took an early interest in jazz, rock and punk music. During high school Myers co-started his first musical outfit, a ska/punk band called the Skalawags. Although the group received a decent amount of success, they denied an offer to tour Japan and instead chose to pursue college degrees. Myers attended Elmhurst College where he was a music major and the drummer in the Elmhurst College

"J. D. Williams"
videos between 2002 and 2005. Williams appeared in """", a show based on a book by ""The Wire"" creator David Simon, where he guest-starred as Casper in the episode ""The Why Chromosome"". He had a small guest starring role in ""The Sopranos"" episode ""46 Long"" as Special K, an incompetent stickup man and one of Brendan Filone's goons. He went on to play series regular, inmate Kenny Wangler, in the first four seasons of ""Oz"". He then appeared in HBOs ""The Wire"" as Bodie Broadus, a Barksdale Organization drug dealer who slowly rises through the ranks throughout the seasons. In

"Umphrey's McGee"
area at colleges and house parties, allowing listeners to tape and trade their music freely. In 1998, the band released their first live album, ""Songs for Older Women"". Guitarist Jake Cinninger was added to the band in September 2000. Cinninger deepened the Umphrey's sound, nd also contributed a large repertoire of original music, much of which comprised the bulk of the catalog from his previous band, Ali Baba's Tahini. The band also adopted several songs written by Karl Engelmann, Ali Baba's Tahini frontman. (He now fronts Asheville, North Carolina-based rock band Mother Vinegar). Shortly after Cinninger's arrival, the band released

"McGee Brothers"
1926, Sam and Macon appeared together on the WSM ""Barn Dance"" (which later became the Grand Ole Opry) and recorded several sides, including Sam's guitar solos, ""Buck Dancer's Choice"" and ""Knoxville Blues."" Shortly afterward, a recording scout suggested Macon form a larger band, and Sam, Kirk, guitarist Hubert Gregory, and bassist Golden Stewart joined with Macon as ""Uncle Dave Macon and the Fruit Jar Drinkers"" (Macon chose the name ""Fruit Jar Drinkers"", ignoring the fact that another band was already using a similar name). The band made several Opry appearances, and travelled to New York to record several tracks, including

"Sean Murray (actor)"
Sean Murray (actor) Sean Harland Murray (born November 15, 1977) is an American actor known for his role as Special Agent Timothy McGee on the American TV drama ""NCIS"". He also played Thackery Binx in Disney's Halloween film ""Hocus Pocus"" and Danny Walden in the military drama series ""JAG"". Murray's mother is Vivienne Bellisario, fourth wife of American television producer and screenwriter Donald P. Bellisario, making him Bellisario's stepson. He has one brother, Chad W. Murray ("""" producer), and seven stepsiblings, including ""Pretty Little Liars"" actress Troian Bellisario and ""JAG"" actor Michael Bellisario. Murray's TV credits include a starring role

"Tony McGee"
Tony McGee Anthony Eugene McGee (born January 18, 1949) is a former professional American football player who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League (NFL), including two Super Bowls with the Washington Redskins. After being dismissed from the University of Wyoming football team as part of the Black 14 in 1969, McGee continued his college football career at Bishop College and was selected in the third round of the 1971 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears. Born and raised in Battle Creek, Michigan, McGee played college football at the University of Wyoming in Laramie. In his junior season was

"Crowne Plaza"
Crowne Plaza Crowne Plaza is a multinational chain of full service, upscale hotels headquartered in the United Kingdom. It is catering to business travelers and to the meetings and conventions market. It forms part of the InterContinental Hotels Group family of brands, which include InterContinental Hotels & Resorts and Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, and operates in 52 countries with more than 400 hotels, usually located in city centers, resorts, coastal towns or near major airports. Originally branded as ""Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza"", the first United States Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel was opened in Rockville, Maryland, in 1983. Within

"Crown Center"
operated The Four Seasons and the Rainbow Room). In 2016, the restaurant announced plans to close and to become primarily a special event venue. The original concept for the shops was an international bazaar, part of which was a maze-like area known as West Village. Designed by architects François Dallegret and Joseph Baker, West Village proved unsuccessful and was replaced by a more conventional layout. In addition to the Westin, the Crown Center complex is home to the Sheraton Kansas City Hotel at Crown Center. Opened July 1, 1980, as the Hyatt Regency, the hotel was the site of the

"Plaza Hotel"
Mail in 2018. In the summer of 2018, The Plaza launched a national tour of the course. Plaza Hotel The Plaza Hotel is a landmark 20-story luxury hotel and condominium apartment building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. It opened in 1907 and is now owned by Katara Hospitality. With a height of and a length of , the hotel occupies the west side of Grand Army Plaza, from which it derives its name, and extends along Central Park South in Manhattan. Fifth Avenue extends along the east side of Grand Army Plaza.

"Crown Building (Manhattan)"
and split the proceeds in excess of the $89 million mortgage. Bernard Spitzer acquired the building in 1991 for $95 million. His son and former Governor of New York Eliot Spitzer took over the property after his father's death in 2014. The building was scheduled for auction in late 2014, with Jeff Sutton and General Growth Properties stepping in prior to the auction to purchase the building. The cost was $1.75 billion and included both the 400,000 square-foot tower and 35,000 square feet of retail space on the ground floor of the building. In 2015, the building was again acquired,

sold the Plaza to Western International Hotels in 1975 for $25 million (equivalent to $ in ). Western International changed its name to Westin Hotels in 1980. Westin sold The Plaza to Donald Trump for $390 million on March 27, 1988 (equivalent to $ in ). Trump commented on his purchase in a full-page open letter in ""The New York Times"": ""I haven't purchased a building, I have purchased a masterpiece – the ""Mona Lisa"". For the first time in my life, I have knowingly made a deal that was not economic – for I can never justify the price

Plaza Hotel The Plaza Hotel is a landmark 20-story luxury hotel and condominium apartment building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. It opened in 1907 and is now owned by Katara Hospitality. With a height of and a length of , the hotel occupies the west side of Grand Army Plaza, from which it derives its name, and extends along Central Park South in Manhattan. Fifth Avenue extends along the east side of Grand Army Plaza. The Plaza Hotel is recognized as a Historic Hotel of America by the National Trust for Historic

this time by Michael Shvo in partnership with Vladislav Doronin. General Growth Properties and Wharton properties acquired the retail part of the building. The $1.8 billion purchase was one of the largest in New York City real estate history. It is anticipated that the property will be converted and redeveloped into luxury residences. Milan-based luxury menswear brand Ermenegildo Zegna announced in March 2016 that it would lease 1,500 square feet of ground-floor space and 7,500 square feet on the second floor, at roughly $4,000 per square foot, totaling $150 million over the 10 years of the lease. Zegna plans to

conversions, had to comply with landmark regulations. El Ad temporarily closed the Plaza Hotel on April 30, 2005, for extensive renovations costing $450 million. Beginning May 2005, the Plaza Hotel's contents were available to the public via a liquidation sale. The hotel reopened on March 1, 2008, offering 282 hotel rooms and 152 private condominium units; it is managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Diamond retailer Lev Leviev put in the first bid for a Plaza apartment at $10 million. Most of the condominium units are usually empty, used as pieds-à-terre by their wealthy owners. In November 2008, the Plaza

Crown Center Crown Center is a commercial complex located near Downtown Kansas City, Missouri between Gillham Road and Main Street to the east and west, and between OK/E 22nd St and E 27th St to the north and south. The shopping center is anchored by Halls, a department store which is owned and operated by Hallmark Cards. The neighborhood contains numerous residences, retail establishments, entertainment venues, and restaurants (including the American Restaurant, the only Forbes Travel Guide four-star restaurant in Missouri). It is also home to Kansas City's two largest hotels, the global headquarters of Hallmark Cards, and the headquarters

"Crowne Plaza Detroit Downtown Riverfront"
as Fort Detroit. The hotel is named for the fort and for an earlier Hotel Pontchartrain, which was located on Cadillac Square at Woodward Avenue, before it was demolished in 1920. George H.W. Bush stayed at the hotel during the 1980 Republican National Convention. In 1985, the Crescent Hotel Group, a subsidiary of Lincoln Savings & Loan purchased the Hotel Pontchartrain for $19.5 million. Lincoln S&L Chairman Charles Keating soon thereafter arranged to buy the hotel outright from the company and set up the Hotel Pontchartrain LP, controlled by Keating, his family, and executive contacts. The sale was financed by

"EU Anti-Corruption Report"
EU Anti-Corruption Report The EU Anti-Corruption Report was the European Commission's short-lived anti-corruption reporting mechanism. The report was planned to be published on a bi-annual basis to monitor and assess the efforts of Member States of the European Union in tackling corruption. The Anti-Corruption Report was established in June 2011, but discontinued in February 2017, having only ever published one report in 2014. The non-binding report was activated in 2013 as a monitoring mechanism to identify “failures and vulnerabilities across the 27 EU Member States”. Specifically, its stated objectives were: (a) to periodically assess the situation in the Union regarding

"OECD Environmental Performance Reviews"
the second (2001–09) cycle. Some OECD non-members were reviewed, such as China and Russia. The third cycle of reviews was launched in 2009, with the reviews of Japan, Portugal and Norway. In 2010, reviews of Israel and the Slovak Republic were launched and were published in 2011. The Reviews of Germany and Slovenia were released in 2012, with Italy and Mexico in 2013. Environment Ministers of OECD member countries, at their meeting in January 1991, called on the OECD to start environmental performance reviews of member countries. This mandate was subsequently confirmed by the OECD Council meeting at Ministerial level

on the ground and reporting back to an expert group. The EU alsoaimzd to draw upon the work carried out by existing agencies such as the European Anti-Fraud Office and EUROPOL. In February 2017, the Report was discontinued. In an internal letter to the chair of the EU parliament's civil liberty committee, MEP Claude Moraes, Commission vice-president Frans Timmermans argued that the first and only Report published in 2014 had provided the basis for deepened work and consultations as part of the EU's anti-corruption framework. Subsequent reports were therefore not necessary. EU Anti-Corruption Report The EU Anti-Corruption Report was the

"European Union"
The """"EU as a global partner"""" and """"citizenship, freedom, security and justice"""" bring up the rear with approximately 6% and 1% respectively. The Court of Auditors is legally obliged to provide the Parliament and the Council with ""a statement of assurance as to the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions"". The Court also gives opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions. The Parliament uses this to decide whether to approve the Commission's handling of the budget. The European Court of Auditors has signed off the European Union accounts every year since

"European Court of Auditors"
been certified by the external auditor since 1994. In its annual report on the implementation of the 2009 EU Budget, the Court of Auditors found that the two biggest areas of the EU budget, agriculture and regional spending, have not been signed off on and remain ""materially affected by error"". Terry Wynn, an MEP who served on the Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control and reached the position of chairman, has also backed these calls, stating that it is impossible for the Commission to achieve these standards. In a report entitled ""EU Budget – Public Perception & Fact – how much

fraud"", where issues are based on errors in paperwork even though the underlying spending was legal. The auditing system itself has drawn criticism from this perception. The Commission in particular has stated that the bar is too high, and that only 0.09% of the budget is subject to fraud. The Commission has elsewhere stated that it is important to distinguish between fraud and other irregularities. The controversial dismissal in 2003 of Marta Andreasen for her criticism of procedures in 2002 has, for some, called into doubt the integrity of the institutions. It is frequently claimed that annual accounts have not

the management of the Court's staff and for the administration of the Court. In addition, the Secretary-General is responsible for the budget, translation, training and information technology. Since 1994 the Court has been required to provide a ""Declaration of Assurance"", essentially a certificate that an entire annual budget can be accounted for. This has proved to be a problem, as even relatively minor omissions require the Court to refuse a declaration of assurance for the entire budget, even if almost all of the budget is considered reliable. This has led to media reports of the EU accounts being ""riddled with

by the Environment Directorate at the OECD, with the contribution of reviewers from a number of examining countries. The Working Party on Environmental Performance discusses the reports at their twice-yearly meetings and approves the Assessment and Recommendations. The policy recommendations aim to provide further support to a country’s initiatives on issues such as: greening growth; implementing environmental policies; international co-operation; climate change; energy and environment integration; coastal zone management; nature and biodiversity; waste management. Since the inception of the Environmental Performance Reviews programme in 1992, most of the OECD member countries have been reviewed twice: during the first (1992-2000) and

"Accountability in the European Union"
all the Union's revenue has been received and all its expenditure incurred in a lawful and regular manner and that the EU budget has been managed soundly. The Court was established on 22 July 1975 by the Budgetary Treaty of 1975. The Court started operating as an external Community audit body in October 1977. At present, the meetings of the Council of Ministers (the relevant Minister from each member state) are mostly public, a webcast on the sessions can be seen on the website of the Council. What goes on behind the scenes will, of course, never be televised. Also,

"Audit Commission (United Kingdom)"
Audit Commission (United Kingdom) The Audit Commission was a statutory corporation in the United Kingdom. The Commission’s primary objective was to appoint auditors to a range of local public bodies in England, set the standards for auditors and oversee their work. The Commission closed on 31 March 2015, with its functions being transferred to the voluntary, not-for-profit or private sector. On 13 August 2010, it was leaked to the media, ahead of an official announcement, that the Commission was to be scrapped. In 2009-10 the Commission cost the central government £28m to run, with the remainder of its income coming

"The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky the 3rd"
games, which became ""The 3rd"". While the first two entries focused on the more upbeat adventures of Estelle and Joshua, ""The 3rd"" shifts its story-telling into a darker direction. ""The 3rd"" was released on a number of different platforms since it original Windows release. A PlayStation Portable port was released on July 24, 2008. A high definition PlayStation 3 port was released in June 2013. It was also released on PlayStation Plus on January 2014. It has received an HD ""Evolution"" remake for PlayStation Vita on July 14, 2016. An English localization by Xseed Games was released for Windows on

in 2017, localized by Xseed Games and released for Windows. The game plays similarly to its predecessors, a role-playing video game with turn-based battles, but this time enemies have affinities to the three higher elements of time, space and mirage. Other additions are the turn bonuses of ""rush"", allowing the player to take two actions at once, ""guard"", which nullifies any damage, ""vanish"", which makes a target disappear for a few turns, and ""death"", which gives the attack the effect of an instant death. Throughout the games' dungeons the player will find doors engraved with symbols of the moon, stars

May 3, 2017. Save data from ""Second Chapter"" from the PC, PSP and PS3 releases unlock bonus content when present on the console (or PC) playing ""The 3rd"". Additionally, ""The 3rd"" saved data is transferrable from the PSP to PS3 release, allowing the player to continue the game on PS3 where they had left off on the PSP copy. After ""First Chapter's"" successful launch on Steam and GOG.com, Xseed has shown renewed interest in localization of ""The 3rd"", contingent to the success of the ""Second Chapter"". In 2013, Xseed teamed up with a third party translating company, Carpe Fulgur, to

translate ""Second Chapter""; ""The 3rd""'s release largely hinged on its success. Ken Berry, Vice President of Xseed Games, stated that despite having the right to release ""The 3rd"", they would be willing to allow others to translate them as well due to them being such large undertakings. Xseed announced on April 7, 2017 that ""The 3rd"" would be released on May 3, 2017. In 2011, publisher Aeria Games announced they would release a mobile version of the series in North America, with additional social interactions features. However, no details have been released since the initial announcement. Xseed stated that they

"The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky SC"
the Vita in 2015. The game plays similarly to its predecessor; a role-playing video game with turn based battles. However, several new features were added. Most notably being the addition of chain crafts, attacks in which up to four members of the party may attack enemies in a simultaneous attack. The game's story is a direct sequel to the first chapter of """", with the story picking up directly after the first entry's ending. In 2010, Xseed Games confirmed that they acquired the English localization rights to all three games in the ""Trails in the Sky"" trilogy. However, the first

and the sun, which trigger, respectively, long story scenes, short story scenes, and mini-games. Those scenes usually tell the story of past events and may feature battles. Taking place six months following the ending of """", Kevin Graham finds himself on board a luxury airship located somewhere above Erebonia, doing a recovery mission for the Septian Church, of which he is a high-ranking member. After a successful completion, he returns to his ship and immediately receives another request, now to investigate an artifact recovered from the bottom of Valeria Lake in the Liberl Kingdom. There, he meets Ries Argent—an old

"The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky"
Games acquired the rights from Falcom, but did not release it until 2011 due to the game's large amount of text necessary to translate and localize. A high-definition port to the PlayStation 3 was released in Japan in 2012 as part of Sony's PSP Remaster line of games, while a remaster for the PlayStation Vita was released in 2015; both Japanese-only releases. In ""Trails in the Sky"", the player controls a cast of characters, embarking on a number of quests to progress the story. There are two different type of maps when navigating in the overworld of the game: field

Joshua, unable to bring himself to stay with Estelle, sedates her. As her consciousness fades, Joshua thanks her and confesses his own love for her, before parting ways. ""Trails in the Sky"" was initially released for Microsoft Windows on June 29, 2004 in Japan. The game was later ported to the Playstation Portable console and released in Japan on October 28, 2006. The Playstation Portable version of the game was released in North America on March 29, 2011 and in Europe on November 4, 2011. The PC version of the game was released worldwide on July 29, 2014 and included

The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky the 3rd The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky the 3rd is a role-playing video game developed by Nihon Falcom, serving as the final entry of a trilogy in the ""Trails in the Sky"" series of games. The game is also a part of Falcom's overarching ""The Legend of Heroes"" series, taking place in the same fictional universe as other ""Trails""-related titles. The game was first released in Japan on Microsoft Windows in 2007, and later for the PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Vita. The game saw an English release

friend—and they both get caught up in an incident that leads them into Phantasma, the Land of Shadows, a place that seems to follow its own otherworldly rules. Thus, they begin their investigation, which leads them to unearth their own past. """" was initially planned to be released as one singular game, however, the size and scope of the game grew so much that Falcom had to either pare down the game, or split it up. They chose the latter, and eventually split into two parts: ""First Chapter"" and ""Second Chapter"". Later they started development on an epilogue to those

"A Series of Unfortunate Events"
for children. Handler thought it was a terrible idea at first, but met with the publishers to discuss the book. They challenged him to write the book he wished he could have read when he was 10. He retooled a manuscript he had for a mock-Gothic book for adults, which became ""the story of children growing through all these terrible things"", a concept which the publishers liked, to Handler's surprise. The first book in the series was ""The Bad Beginning"", released September 30, 1999. When asked in a ""Moment Magazine"" interview about the Baudelaire children and Handler's own Jewish heritage

absurdist fiction, because of its strange characters, improbable storylines, and black comedy. The plots of the first seven books follow the same basic pattern: the Baudelaires go to a new guardian in a new location, where Count Olaf appears and attempts to steal their fortune. The books following pick up where the previous book ended. There are thirteen books in the series and each book has thirteen chapters. The last book in the series, ""The End"", contains two stories: ""The End"", which has 13 chapters, and a separate ""book"" that is titled ""Chapter Fourteen"". The location of each book's events

A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ""children's novels"", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the

76 Pick"", and ""The Grim Grotto"" is an Amazon.com Customers' Favorite. A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ""children's novels"", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help

writing, with the plot evolution throughout the later novels being cited as an exploration of the psychological process of transition from the idyllic innocence of childhood to the moral complexity of maturity. Likewise, the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence, as the nature of some of the Baudelaires' actions becomes increasingly harder to discern from those of their antagonist counterparts and more characters are revealed to be responsible for permanent wrongdoing, despite their identification with the self-proclaimed good side of the tale. Since the release of the first novel,

generally been positive, with reviewers saying that the series is enjoyable for children and adults alike, and that it brings fresh and adult themes to children's stories. The Times Online refer to the books as ""a literary phenomenon"", and discuss how the plight of the Baudelaire orphans helps children cope with loss—citing the rise in sales post September 11, 2001 as evidence. Although the series has often been compared to ""Harry Potter"" due to the young heroes and the sales of the two series, reviewer Bruce Butt feels that the series' tone is closer to Roald Dahl and Philip Ardagh.

to ""Beatrice,"" with whom he was obsessed, and who was also dead, like Snicket's Beatrice. The series includes thirteen novels as follows: There are books that accompany the series, such as ""The Beatrice Letters"", """", and ""The Puzzling Puzzles""; journals ""The Blank Book"" and ""The Notorious Notations""; and short materials such as ""The Dismal Dinner"" and ""13 Shocking Secrets You'll Wish You Never Knew About Lemony Snicket"". The books were at one point published at the rate of three or four books per year. The endpapers were ""designed in a suitably Victorian style"", with cloth binding on the spines matching

""The Bad Beginning"", in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including """", ""The Beatrice Letters"" and the noir prequel tetralogy ""All the Wrong Questions"", which chronicles Snicket's youth. The books seem to be set in an alternate, ""timeless"" world with stylistic

"Daniel Handler"
Daniel Handler Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"" and ""All the Wrong Questions"", published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a Nickelodeon film in 2004, and a Netflix series from 2017 onwards. Handler has also published adult novels and a stage play under his real name, and other children's books under the Snicket pseudonym. His first book ""The Basic Eight"" was rejected by many publishers for its dark subject matter. Handler has also played the accordion in

"Brett Helquist"
Brett Helquist Brett L. Helquist (born in 1966) is an American illustrator best known for his work in the children's books ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"". As such, his illustrations for that series have appeared in multiple media, including the books, the audio book covers, and the calendars. Helquist was born in Ganado, Arizona, and grew up in Orem, Utah with his six sisters. As kids, they didn't go to many art museums. He says his love of art came from all the comic books he read. Helquist served as a Mormon missionary in Hong Kong, then earned a bachelor's

"Next Sri Lankan parliamentary election"
a majority in Parliament to back his nomination. However, after the constitutionality of the dissolution was challenged before Sri Lanka's Supreme Court, the dissolution was suspended, and the snap election was put on hold while the court case was ongoing. On December 13, 2018, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution of the parliament unconstitutional, moving the election back to its original date. 196 MPs were elected from 22 multi-member electoral districts using the D'Hondt method with an open list, a proportional representation system. The remaining 29 seats were allocated to contesting parties and independent groups in proportion to their share

of the national vote. Next Sri Lankan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka are scheduled to be held before December 1, 2020. In November 2018, the date was briefly moved forward by more than a year to January 5, 2019 due to President Maithripala Sirisena dissolving parliament during a constitutional crisis and calling for a snap election. The Supreme Court later suspended the dissolution and ordered a halt to the snap election, effectively moving the election's date back to 2020. During the constitutional crisis, Sirisena dissolved parliament and ordered a snap election after his nominee for Prime Minister, Mahinda

Next Sri Lankan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka are scheduled to be held before December 1, 2020. In November 2018, the date was briefly moved forward by more than a year to January 5, 2019 due to President Maithripala Sirisena dissolving parliament during a constitutional crisis and calling for a snap election. The Supreme Court later suspended the dissolution and ordered a halt to the snap election, effectively moving the election's date back to 2020. During the constitutional crisis, Sirisena dissolved parliament and ordered a snap election after his nominee for Prime Minister, Mahinda Rajapaksa, failed to gain

"2018 Sri Lankan local elections"
40% of the votes and securing the most number of seats and local authorities. The United National Front led by Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Ranil Wickremesinghe came second with 29% of the votes whilst the United People's Freedom Alliance led by President Maithripala Sirisena came third with 12% of the votes. However, most local authorities were hung with no overall control. The last major round of local government elections was held in 2011 when elections were held in 322 of the then 335 local authorities. Elections to two other local authorities in Mullaitivu District were due but were repeatedly

"14th Parliament of Sri Lanka"
the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in May 2009. The UPFA won a large majority in parliament, obtaining 144 seats, an increase of 39 since the 13th parliamentary election. The main opposition United National Front (UNF) won 60 seats, a decline of 22. The minority Tamil party Tamil National Alliance (TNA) won 14 seats, a decline of 8, and the Democratic National Alliance (DNA), contesting for the first time, won 7 seats. The new parliament was sworn in on 22 April 2010. Chamal Rajapaksa, the brother of President Rajapaksa, was elected Speaker, Piyankara Jayaratne as the Deputy Speaker and Murugesu

Party contested alone in others, both being led by incumbent president Maithripala Sirisena. This marks the first time since 1991 that the SLFP contested under their own election symbol. The United National Front led by the United National Party's Ranil Wickramasinghe contested under their elephant election symbol, bringing together constituent parties including the Jathika Hela Urumaya led by Champika Ranawaka, the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress led by Rauff Hakeem, and the Tamil Progressive Alliance led by Palani Digambaran. Mahinda Rajapakse's Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna contested under their flower bud election symbol, gaining the majority of the seats on offer and

control over most of the island's local authorities. The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna also contested for this election. The elections resulted in parties winning an absolute majority of seats in only 141 of the 340 local authorities - Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) in 126 LA's, United National Front (UNF) in five, independents in two, National Congress in two, Tamil National Alliance (TNA) in two, United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) in two, Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC) in one and Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP) in one. The remaining 199 LA's were hung with no overall control. Of these, the SLPP was

"2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election"
The remaining eight seats were won by Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (6), Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (1) and Eelam People's Democratic Party (1). Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, leader of the UNFGG and UNP, was able to form a national government with the support of UPFA MPs loyal to President Maithripala Sirisena. The last parliamentary election was held in April 2010. The incumbent United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA), buoyed by the military defeat of the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, won a landslide victory, securing 144 seats in the legislature. In September 2010 the UPFA, with the support of some opposition

to the remaining 248 local authorities (17 MC, 23 UC, 208 DC) took place between 18 and 21 December 2017. 1,582 nominations (1,399 form registered political parties, 183 from independent groups) were received of which 1,553 were accepted (1,379 form registered political parties, 174 from independent groups) and 29 rejected (20 form registered political parties, 9 from independent groups). On 18 December 2017 the Election Commission announced that elections to all 341 local authorities would be held on 10 February 2018. Around 13,000 polling stations were used. The election is expected to cost around Rs. 4 billion and required 300,000

complete the seat calculation, the district returning officers first counts the total number of valid votes cast and divides that number by the total number of seats up for election in a given local authority. This number represents the average number of votes cast per seat (X). To identify the number of seats a political party or independent group gained (Y), the district returning officer then takes the total number of valid votes a party or group received in the local authority and divides that by the average number of votes per seat (X). Finally, to account for seats already

"Cobalt(II,III) oxide"
Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cobalt(II,III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CoO. It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a mixed valence compound, its formula is sometimes written as CoCoO and sometimes as CoO•CoO. CoO adopts the normal spinel structure, with Co ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co ions in the octahedral interstices of the cubic close-packed lattice of oxide anions. Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, converts to CoO upon heating at around 600-700 °C in air. Above 900 °C, CoO is stable. These reaction are described by the following equilibrium: Cobalt(II,III) oxide

"Chromium(II) acetate"
Chromium(II) acetate Chromium(II) acetate hydrate, also known as chromous acetate, is the coordination compound with the formula Cr(CHCO)(HO). This formula is commonly abbreviated Cr(OAc)(HO). This red-coloured compound features a quadruple bond. The preparation of chromous acetate once was a standard test of the synthetic skills of students due to its sensitivity to air and the dramatic colour changes that accompany its oxidation. It exists as the dihydrate and the anhydrous forms. Cr(OAc)(HO) is a reddish diamagnetic powder, although diamond-shaped tabular crystals can be grown. Consistent with the fact that it is nonionic, Cr(OAc)(HO) exhibits poor solubility in water and methanol.

CH3O
group is bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom in an alkoxide. CH3O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: The chemical name for CH3O is methoxide. It is a base formed from methanol by replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen with a metal. A strong base and a good nucleophile. Methoxide contains one atom of carbon, three atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Methoxides are mainly organic salts and alkoxide. The organic salts are produced by a reaction between an organic acid (organic compound having acidic properties) and an inorganic base (a base that is composed of an

"Chromium(III) acetate"
Chromium(III) acetate Chromium(III) acetate, commonly known as basic chromium acetate, describes a family of salts where the cation has the formula [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]. The trichromium cation is encountered with a variety of anions, such as chloride and nitrate. Data in the table above are for the chloride hexahydrate, [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]Cl(HO). Salts of basic chromium acetate has long attracted interest because of its distinctive structure, which features octahedral Cr(III) centers, a triply bridging oxo ligand, six acetate ligands, and three aquo ligands. The same structure is shared with basic iron acetate and basic manganese acetate. Little evidence exists for a simple chromium(III) acetate,

"Chromium(II) sulfate"
metal aquo complexes, presumably with six water ligands. The structures of the crystalline salts are similar to the corresponding hydrates of copper(II) sulfate: pentahydrate, trihydrate, monohydrate, and anhydrous derivatives of chromous sulfate are known. In all of these compounds, the Cr(II) centre adopts octahedral coordination geometry, being coordinated to six oxygen centers provided by a combination of water and sulfate ligands. Chromium(II) sulfate Chromium(II) sulfate refers to inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CrSO·n HO. Several closely related hydrated salts are known. The pentahydrate is a blue solid that dissolves readily in water. Solutions of chromium(II) are easily oxidized by

"Cobalt(II) nitrate"
Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt Nitrate is the Inorganic compound with the formula Co(NO3)xHO. It is cobalt(II) salt. The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO)·6HO, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO), several hydrates of cobalt(II) nitrate exist. These hydrates have the chemical formula Co(NO)·""n""HO, where ""n"" = 0, 2, 4, 6. Anhydrous cobalt(II) nitrate adopts a three-dimensional polymeric network structure, with each cobalt(II) atom approximately octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms, each from a different nitrate ion. Each nitrate ion coordinates to three cobalts. The

Hydroxide
Hydroxide Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid. The

organic compounds such as α-bromoketones and chlorohydrins. The reactions appear to proceed via 1e steps, and rearrangement products are sometimes observed. Because the compound is a good reducing agent, it will reduce the O found in air and can be used as an oxygen scrubber. Chromium(II) acetate Chromium(II) acetate hydrate, also known as chromous acetate, is the coordination compound with the formula Cr(CHCO)(HO). This formula is commonly abbreviated Cr(OAc)(HO). This red-coloured compound features a quadruple bond. The preparation of chromous acetate once was a standard test of the synthetic skills of students due to its sensitivity to air and the

"Cobalt(II) acetate"
transition metal dioxygen complex: Cobalt salts are poisonous. Cobalt(II) acetate Cobalt(II) acetate is the cobalt salt of acetate. It is commonly found as the tetrahydrate Co(CHCO)·4 HO, abbreviated Co(OAc)·4 HO. It is used as a catalyst. It may be formed by the reaction between cobalt oxide or hydroxide and acetic acid: The tetrahydrate has been shown by X-ray crystallography to adopt an octahedral structure, the central cobalt centre being coordinated by four water molecules and two acetate ligands. Cobalt acetate is a precursor to various oil drying agents, catalysts that allow paints and varnishes to harden. Cobalt(II) acetate reacts with

Hydroxide
As is common outside of the alkali metals, hydroxides of the elements in lower oxidation states are complicated. For example, phosphorous acid HPO predominantly has the structure OP(H)(OH), in equilibrium with a small amount of P(OH). The oxoacids of chlorine, bromine, and iodine have the formula OA(OH) where ""n"" is the oxidation number: +1, +3, +5, or +7, and A = Cl, Br, or I. The only oxoacid of fluorine is F(OH), hypofluorous acid. When these acids are neutralized the hydrogen atom is removed from the hydroxide group. The hydroxides of the transition metals and post-transition metals usually have the

"Ming dynasty"
effective means of control was the secret service stationed in what was called the Eastern Depot at the beginning of the dynasty, later the Western Depot. This secret service was overseen by the Directorate of Ceremonial, hence this state organ's often totalitarian affiliation. Eunuchs had ranks that were equivalent to civil service ranks, only theirs had four grades instead of nine. Descendants of the first Ming emperor were made princes and given (typically nominal) military commands, annual stipends, and large estates. The title used was ""king"" (, ""wáng"") but – unlike the princes in the Han and Jin dynasties –

of agencies and Grand Preceptor, a top-ranking, non-functional civil service post, under the Hongxi Emperor (ruled 1424–25). The Grand Secretariat drew its members from the Hanlin Academy and were considered part of the imperial authority, not the ministerial one (hence being at odds with both the emperor and ministers at times). The Secretariat operated as a coordinating agency, whereas the Six Ministries—Personnel, Revenue, Rites, War, Justice, and Public Works—were direct administrative organs of the state: The imperial household was staffed almost entirely by eunuchs and ladies with their own bureaus. Female servants were organized into the Bureau of Palace Attendance,

(""xian"" 縣), overseen by a magistrate. Besides the provinces, there were also two large areas that belonged to no province, but were metropolitan areas (""jing"" 亰) attached to Nanjing and Beijing. Departing from the main central administrative system generally known as the Three Departments and Six Ministries system, which was instituted by various dynasties since late Han (202 BCE – 220 CE), the Ming administration had only one Department, the Secretariat, that controlled the Six Ministries. Following the execution of the Chancellor Hu Weiyong in 1380, the Hongwu Emperor abolished the Secretariat, the Censorate, and the Chief Military Commission and

Bureau of Ceremonies, Bureau of Apparel, Bureau of Foodstuffs, Bureau of the Bedchamber, Bureau of Handicrafts, and Office of Staff Surveillance. Starting in the 1420s, eunuchs began taking over these ladies' positions until only the Bureau of Apparel with its four subsidiary offices remained. Hongwu had his eunuchs organized into the Directorate of Palace Attendants, but as eunuch power at court increased, so did their administrative offices, with eventual twelve directorates, four offices, and eight bureaus. The dynasty had a vast imperial household, staffed with thousands of eunuchs, who were headed by the Directorate of Palace Attendants. The eunuchs were

after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution, some advocated that a Han Chinese be installed as Emperor, either the descendant of Confucius, who was the Duke Yansheng, or the Ming dynasty Imperial family descendant, the Marquis of Extended Grace. Described as ""one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history"" by Edwin O. Reischauer, John K. Fairbank and Albert M. Craig, the Ming emperors took over the provincial administration system of the Yuan dynasty, and the thirteen Ming provinces are the precursors of the modern provinces. Throughout the Song dynasty, the

in matters of appointment and promotion of officials. The eunuchs developed their own bureaucracy that was organized parallel to but was not subject to the civil service bureaucracy. Although there were several dictatorial eunuchs throughout the Ming, such as Wang Zhen, Wang Zhi, and Liu Jin, excessive tyrannical eunuch power did not become evident until the 1590s when the Wanli Emperor increased their rights over the civil bureaucracy and granted them power to collect provincial taxes. The eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1627) dominated the court of the Tianqi Emperor (r. 1620–1627) and had his political rivals tortured to death, mostly the

divided into different directorates in charge of staff surveillance, ceremonial rites, food, utensils, documents, stables, seals, apparel, and so on. The offices were in charge of providing fuel, music, paper, and baths. The bureaus were in charge of weapons, silverwork, laundering, headgear, bronzework, textile manufacture, wineries, and gardens. At times, the most influential eunuch in the Directorate of Ceremonial acted as a ""de facto"" dictator over the state. Although the imperial household was staffed mostly by eunuchs and palace ladies, there was a civil service office called the Seal Office, which cooperated with eunuch agencies in maintaining imperial seals, tallies,

largest political division was the circuit (""lu"" 路). However, after the Jurchen invasion in 1127, the Song court established four semi-autonomous regional command systems based on territorial and military units, with a detached service secretariat that would become the provincial administrations of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Copied on the Yuan model, the Ming provincial bureaucracy contained three commissions: one civil, one military, and one for surveillance. Below the level of the province (""sheng"" 省) were prefectures (""fu"" 府) operating under a prefect (""zhifu"" 知府), followed by subprefectures (""zhou"" 州) under a subprefect. The lowest unit was the county

a firm rebel base in Chengdu, Sichuan, while Li's center of power was in Hubei with extended influence over Shaanxi and Henan. In 1640, masses of Chinese peasants who were starving, unable to pay their taxes, and no longer in fear of the frequently defeated Chinese army, began to form into huge bands of rebels. The Chinese military, caught between fruitless efforts to defeat the Manchu raiders from the north and huge peasant revolts in the provinces, essentially fell apart. Unpaid and unfed, the army was defeated by Li Zicheng – now self-styled as the Prince of Shun – and

empire. These lesser functionaries performed clerical and technical tasks for government agencies. Yet they should not be confused with lowly lictors, runners, and bearers; lesser functionaries were given periodic merit evaluations like officials and after nine years of service might be accepted into a low civil service rank. The one great advantage of the lesser functionaries over officials was that officials were periodically rotated and assigned to different regional posts and had to rely on the good service and cooperation of the local lesser functionaries. Eunuchs gained unprecedented power over state affairs during the Ming dynasty. One of the most

100,000-man Army, even augmented by the 112,000-strong National Guard, was outnumbered 20 to one by the German army; similarly in 1915, the armed forces of Great Britain and the British Empire, France, Russia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Belgium, Japan and Greece were all larger and more experienced than the United States military. They called for UMT or ""universal military service"" under which the 600,000 men who turned 18 every year would be required to spend six months in military training, and then be assigned to reserve units. The small regular army would primarily be a

unit Croix de Guerre for their actions at Château-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Séchault. On the battlefields of France in spring 1918, the war-weary Allied armies enthusiastically greeted the fresh American troops. They arrived at the rate of 10,000 a day, at a time when the Germans were unable to replace their losses. The Americans won a victory at Cantigny, then again in defensive stands at Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood. The Americans helped the British Empire, French and Portuguese forces defeat and turn back the powerful final German offensive (Spring Offensive of March to July, 1918), and most importantly, the Americans

made declarations of war against the other Central Powers, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire or the various co-belligerents allied with the Central Powers. Thus, the United States remained uninvolved in the military campaigns in central and eastern Europe, the Middle East, the Caucasus, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The home front saw a systematic mobilization of the entire population and the entire economy to produce the soldiers, food supplies, munitions, and money needed to win the war. Although the United States entered the war in 1917, there had been very little planning, or even recognition of the problems

and was replaced by a Russian Provisional Government. This helped overcome Wilson's reluctance to having the US fight alongside a country ruled by an absolutist monarch. Pleased by the Provisional Government's pro-war stance, the US accorded the new government diplomatic recognition on March 9, 1917. Although the United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, it did not initially declare war on the other Central Powers, a state of affairs that Woodrow Wilson described as an ""embarrassing obstacle"" in his State of the Union speech. Congress declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on December 7, 1917, but never

the war. The Boy Scouts of America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war. As late as 1917, the United States maintained only a small army, one which was in fact smaller than thirteen of the nations and empires already active in the war. After the passage of the Selective Service Act in 1917, it drafted 4 million men into military service. By the summer of 1918, about 2 million US soldiers had arrived in France, about half of whom eventually saw front-line service; by the Armistice of November

11 approximately 10,000 fresh soldiers were arriving in France daily. In 1917, Congress gave US citizenship to Puerto Ricans when they were drafted to participate in World War I, as part of the Jones Act. In the end, Germany miscalculated the United States' influence on the outcome of the conflict, believing it would be many more months before US troops would arrive and overestimating the effectiveness of U-boats in slowing the American buildup. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland and submarines to help guard

"United States campaigns in World War I"
this Friedensturm (peace offensive); its failure was a tremendous psychological blow to the whole nation. That part of the Western Front extending from the English Channel south through Ypres, and thence across the Lys River to the vicinity of Arras, was manned by an army group under King Albert of Belgium composed of Belgian, British, and French armies. In late August and early September the British Second and Fifth Armies, assisted by the American II Corps (27th and 30th Divisions), wiped out the Lys salient. When the Germans began retiring in the sector south of the Lys in October to

losses incurred. No large American units were in the immediate vicinity of this action, although the 1st Division at Cantigny was subjected to artillery fire and diversionary raids. In the four great offensives from 21 March to 13 June 1918 the Germans gained considerable ground, but failed to achieve a decisive advantage at any point on the front. Furthermore, success was bought at a price in manpower and material which they could ill afford. Their more than 600,000 casualties were irreplaceable, whereas the Allied loss of some 800,000 men was soon more than compensated for by new American units arriving

and another farther north at the site of the destroyed Hermelgem-Syngem bridge on 10 November. Casualties of the two divisions in these operations totaled about 2,600. From 19 August to 11 November about 108,000 Americans participated in the Ypres-Lys Campaign. Late in the war, Americans participated on a limited scale in campaigns in Italy. The 332d Regiment with attached hospital troops was sent from the A.E.F. to the Italian Front in July 1918 for the morale effect which it was hoped that the sight of Americans would have on the Italians. This force of about 1,200 men took part in

marked by near disaster for the Allies on all the European fronts. A French offensive in April, with which the British cooperated, was a failure, and was followed by widespread mutinies in the French armies. The British maintained strong pressure on their front throughout the year; but British attacks at Messines Ridge (7 June), at Passchendaele (31 July), and at Cambrai (20 November) failed in their main objective–the capture of German submarine bases–and took a severe toll of British fighting strength. Three American engineer regiments–the 11th, 12th, and 14th–were engaged in construction activity behind the British lines at Cambrai in

"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead"
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existential tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's ""Hamlet"", the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The main setting is Denmark. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly ""in the wings"" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from ""Hamlet"" who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events

poisoned, and drowned key characters. By the end of ""Hamlet"", Horatio is the only main figure left alive. A previous, satirical play of a similar nature named ""Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"" was written by W. S. Gilbert in 1874 and performed in 1891. The play concerns the misadventures and musings of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two minor characters from William Shakespeare's ""Hamlet"" who are childhood friends of the prince, focusing on their actions with the events of ""Hamlet"" as background. ""Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead"" is structured as the inverse of ""Hamlet""; the title characters are the leads, not supporting players, and

Player, Stephen Lang as Rosencrantz and John Rubinstein as Guildenstern. It ran for 40 performances from 29 April to 28 June 1987. Several times since 1995, the American Shakespeare Center has mounted repertories that included both ""Hamlet"" and ""Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"", with the same actors performing the same roles in each; in their 2001 and 2009 seasons the two plays were ""directed, designed, and rehearsed together to make the most out of the shared scenes and situations"". The play has been adapted by Stoppard twice for BBC Radio 3: A 1983 radio adaptation was broadcast on the BBC World Service

"Charles Wolfe"
memorial in the parish church of Ardtrea, and another intended for his tomb, which can both be read within Meredith's entry. Charles Wolfe is best remembered for his poem, ""The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna"", written in 1816 and much collected in 19th and 20th century anthologies. The poem first appeared anonymously in the ""Newry Telegraph"" of 19 April 1817, and was re-printed in many other periodicals. But it was forgotten until after his death when Lord Byron drew the attention of the public to it. Wolfe's only volume of verse, ""Poetical Remains"" appeared in 1825 with ""The

Daniel Radcliffe as Rosencrantz and Joshua McGuire as Guildenstern. The Royal National Theatre production of ""Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"" had a year-long Broadway run from 9 October 1967, through 19 October 1968, initially at the Alvin Theatre, then transferring to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on 8 January 1968. The production, which was Stoppard's first on Broadway, totalled eight previews and 420 performances. It was directed by Derek Goldby and designed by Desmond Heeley and starred Paul Hecht as the Player, Brian Murray as Rosencrantz and John Wood as Guildenstern. The play was nominated for eight Tony Awards, and won four: Best

occurring onstage without them in ""Hamlet"", of which they have no direct knowledge. Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett's ""Waiting for Godot"", for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character. Many plot features are similar as well: the characters pass time by playing Questions, impersonating other characters, and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time. The title is taken directly from the final scene of Shakespeare's ""Hamlet"". In earlier scenes, Prince Hamlet, having been exiled to England by the treacherous King of Denmark (his

"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"
Hamlet finds and rewrites the letter, instructing the executioner to kill Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instead. When their ship is attacked by pirates, Hamlet returns to Denmark, leaving Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to die; he comments in , Scene 2 that ""They are not near my conscience; their defeat / Does by their own insinuation grow"". Ambassadors returning later report that ""Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead."" As agents of the corruption infecting the court, the two contribute to setting up the confrontation between Hamlet and Claudius. Shakespeare expects the audience to appreciate the poetic justice of their deaths: while they are very

"Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)"
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film) Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead is a 1990 comedy-drama film written and directed by Tom Stoppard based on his play of the same name. Like the play, the film depicts two minor characters from William Shakespeare's play ""Hamlet"", Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who find themselves on the road to Elsinore Castle at the behest of the King of Denmark. They encounter a band of players before arriving to find that they are needed to try to discern what troubles the prince Hamlet. Meanwhile, they ponder the meaning of their existence. Filmed in Trogir, Yugoslavia (now

"Holy Sonnets"
to Anglicanism, and would take holy orders in 1615 despite profound reluctance and significant self-doubt about becoming a priest. Sonnet XVII (""Since she whom I loved hath paid her last debt"") is thought to have been written in 1617 following the death of his wife Anne More. In ""Holy Sonnets"", Donne addresses religious themes of mortality, divine judgment, divine love, and humble penance while reflecting deeply personal anxieties. The dating of the poems' composition has been tied to the dating of Donne's conversion to Anglicanism. His first biographer, Izaak Walton, claimed the poems dated from the time of Donne's ministry

cannot help but be carried along by events. After witnessing a performance of ""The Murder of Gonzago""—the story within a story in the play ""Hamlet""—they find themselves on a ship taking Prince Hamlet to England (with the troupe that staged the performance also on board as stowaways). They are intended to give the English king a letter instructing him to kill Hamlet. Instead, Hamlet discovers this and switches the letter for another. During the voyage, the ship is attacked by pirates. After the sea-fight, they find that Hamlet has disappeared and that their letter now instructs the English monarch to

"Chernobyl disaster"
operations at the plant. On 15 December 2000, then-President Leonid Kuchma personally turned off Reactor 3 in an official ceremony, shutting down the entire site. The Chernobyl reactor is now enclosed in a large concrete sarcophagus, which was built quickly to allow continuing operation of the other reactors at the plant. A New Safe Confinement was to have been built by the end of 2005; however, it has suffered ongoing delays and , when construction finally began, was expected to be completed in 2013. This was delayed again to 2016, the end of the 30-year lifespan of the sarcophagus. The

Chernobyl disaster The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident. It occurred on 25–26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the now-abandoned town of Pripyat, in northern Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, approximately north of Kiev. The event occurred during a late-night safety test which simulated a station blackout power-failure, in the course of which safety systems were intentionally turned off. A combination of inherent reactor design flaws and the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to

"Kyshtym disaster"
Kyshtym disaster The Kyshtym Disaster was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak, a plutonium production site in Russia for nuclear weapons and nuclear fuel reprocessing plant of the Soviet Union. It measured as a Level 6 disaster on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES), making it the third-most serious nuclear accident ever recorded, behind the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and the Chernobyl disaster (both Level 7 on the INES). The event occurred in Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a closed city built around the Mayak plant, and spread hot particles over more than , where at

"Tsar Bomba"
was so large ( long by in diameter) that the Tu-95V had to have its bomb bay doors and fuselage fuel tanks removed. The bomb was attached to an 800-kilogram parachute, which gave the release and observer planes time to fly about away from ground zero, giving them a 50 percent chance of survival. When detonation occurred, the Tu-95V dropped one kilometre in the air because of the shock wave but was able to recover and land safely. The Tsar Bomba detonated at 11:32 Moscow Time on 30 October 1961, over the Mityushikha Bay nuclear testing range (Sukhoy Nos Zone

"Nedelin catastrophe"
of the high boiling temperatures and hence storability of the fuel and oxidizer, despite being extremely corrosive and toxic. These risks were accounted for in the safety requirements of the launch procedures, but Nedelin's insistence on performing tests before November 7 (anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution) resulted in extreme schedule pressure, with numerous safety procedures being ignored in order to save time. A short circuit in the replaced main sequencer caused the second stage engines to fire while being tested before launch. This detonated the first stage fuel tanks directly below, destroying the missile in an enormous explosion. Before seeking

"Severomorsk Disaster"
Severomorsk Disaster The Severomorsk Disaster was a deadly series of munitions fires that resulted in the detonation and destruction of large amounts of munitions that lasted from May 13 to 17, 1984, within the Okolnaya naval munitions depot, near the Severomorsk Naval Base (headquarters of the revered Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy). The detonation occurred in the Northern Russian ""closed"" town of Severomorsk (), over 900 miles (1,448.4 kilometers) from the Russian capital Moscow. Munitions had reportedly detonated after a fire started on May 13, which thus caused a massive chain of explosions on May 17, and resulted in

other undamaged reactors at the power station, with No. 3 continuing to produce electricity up into 2000. The accident motivated safety upgrades on all remaining Soviet-designed reactors in the RBMK (Chernobyl No. 4) family, of which eleven continued to power electric grids . The disaster began during a systems test on 26 April 1986 at reactor 4 of the Chernobyl plant near Pripyat and in proximity to the administrative border with Belarus and the Dnieper River. There was a sudden and unexpected power surge. When operators attempted an emergency shutdown, a much larger spike in power output occurred. This second

movement, which culminated in the decision to end the use of nuclear power that was made by the 1998–2005 Schröder government. Explanatory notes Citations Sources The source documents relating to the emergency, published in unofficial sources: Chernobyl disaster The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident. It occurred on 25–26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the now-abandoned town of Pripyat, in northern Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, approximately north of Kiev. The event occurred during a late-night safety test

"Soviet atomic bomb project"
the National Economy or Project 7, the Soviet equivalent of the US ""Operation Plowshare"" to investigate peaceful uses of nuclear weapons. It was a subsurface detonation. It was fired on January 15, 1965. The site was a dry bed of the Chagan River at the edge of the Semipalatinsk Test Site, and was chosen such that the lip of the crater would dam the river during its high spring flow. The resultant crater had a diameter of 408 meters and was 100 meters deep. A major lake (10,000 m) soon formed behind the 20–35 m high upraised lip, known as

state operation"", xenon-135 is ""burned off"" as quickly as it is created from decaying iodine-135 by absorbing neutrons from the ongoing chain reaction to become highly stable xenon-136. When the reactor power was lowered, previously produced high quantities of iodine-135 decayed into the neutron-absorbing xenon-135 faster than the reduced neutron flux could burn it off. As the reactor power output dropped further, to approximately 500 MW, Toptunov mistakenly inserted the control rods too far—the exact circumstances leading to this are unknown because Akimov died in hospital on 10 May and Toptunov on 14 May. This combination of factors put the

"Matt Flinders"
UK and US. He worked at Club Med resorts in France, Switzerland and the Caribbean. Chris was later a computer programmer for a farm cooperative in Kansas City, Missouri. Matt Flinders Matt Flinders (born Sylvan Louis Bonett c. 1937, Alexandria, Egypt) is a former singer and TV presenter who rose to prominence in the late 1960s in Australia. He had top 5 hit singles with his cover versions of ""Picking Up Pebbles"" (1969) and ""Butterfly"" (1971). He hosted his own variety shows, ""The Matt Flinders Show"" (1972) and ""Matt Flinders and Friends"" (1973) on ABC-TV. Matt Flinders was born c.

Matt Flinders Matt Flinders (born Sylvan Louis Bonett c. 1937, Alexandria, Egypt) is a former singer and TV presenter who rose to prominence in the late 1960s in Australia. He had top 5 hit singles with his cover versions of ""Picking Up Pebbles"" (1969) and ""Butterfly"" (1971). He hosted his own variety shows, ""The Matt Flinders Show"" (1972) and ""Matt Flinders and Friends"" (1973) on ABC-TV. Matt Flinders was born c. 1937 as Sylvan Louis Bonett in Egypt of mixed (French, English, Italian) descent. With his parents and siblings he moved to the United Kingdom in 1950, then to Australia

"Charles Dibdin"
is placed next to one for Joseph Grimaldi. Charles Dibdin Charles Dibdin (before 4 March 1745 – 25 July 1814) was a British composer, musician, dramatist, novelist and actor. With over 600 songs to his name, for many of which he wrote both the lyrics and the music and performed them himself, he was in his time the most prolific English singer-songwriter. He is best known as the composer of ""Tom Bowling"", one of his many sea songs, which often features at the Last Night of the Proms. He also wrote about 30 dramatic pieces, including the operas ""The Waterman""

Charles Dibdin Charles Dibdin (before 4 March 1745 – 25 July 1814) was a British composer, musician, dramatist, novelist and actor. With over 600 songs to his name, for many of which he wrote both the lyrics and the music and performed them himself, he was in his time the most prolific English singer-songwriter. He is best known as the composer of ""Tom Bowling"", one of his many sea songs, which often features at the Last Night of the Proms. He also wrote about 30 dramatic pieces, including the operas ""The Waterman"" (1774) and ""The Quaker"" (1775), and several novels,

"Les Cooper"
Les Cooper Les Cooper (March 15, 1921 – August 3, 2013) was an American doo wop musician, best known for his hit rock instrumental ""Wiggle Wobble"". Cooper was born in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. He sang in several New York doo wop groups, including The Empires and The Whirlers, and was the manager of the group The Charts. In 1962, he signed to Everlast Records and released the single ""Dig Yourself"" b/w ""Wiggle Wobble"", billed with his band as Les Cooper & the Soul Rockers. Both sides were produced by Bobby Robinson. The B-side was an instrumental featuring the saxophone

"Tossin' and Turnin'"
""Billboard"" magazine ranked the song as the 27th biggest song of all time that charted on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the chart. It is one of only six songs from the 1960s to spend at least seven weeks in the number one position on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Tossin' and Turnin' ""Tossin' and Turnin'"" is a song written by Ritchie Adams and Malou Rene, and originally recorded by Bobby Lewis in the fall of 1960. The record was released in December 1960,and it reached number one on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on July 10,

Tossin' and Turnin' ""Tossin' and Turnin'"" is a song written by Ritchie Adams and Malou Rene, and originally recorded by Bobby Lewis in the fall of 1960. The record was released in December 1960,and it reached number one on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on July 10, 1961 and R&B chart and has since become a standard on oldies compilations. It was named the number-one single on the ""Billboard"" chart for 1961, after spending seven consecutive weeks at the top. It was featured on the soundtrack for the 1978 film ""Animal House"". On the original hit single version, the track

"Cyril Tawney"
Cyril Tawney Cyril Tawney (12 October 1930 – 21 April 2005) was an English singer-songwriter and a proponent of the traditional songs of the West of England, as well as traditional and modern maritime songs. Tawney was born in Gosport, Hampshire. Perhaps because of the family tradition of maritime service, Tawney joined the Royal Navy at the age of sixteen, serving for thirteen years, several of which were spent in submarines. During this period he developed his lifelong interest in English traditional music. While still in the Navy in 1957, he performed on an Alan Lomax radio show broadcast on

"The Tarriers"
The Tarriers The Tarriers were an American vocal group, specializing in folk music and folk-flavored popular music. Named after the folk song ""Drill, Ye Tarriers, Drill"", the group had two hit songs during 1956-57: ""Cindy, Oh Cindy"" (with Vince Martin) and ""The Banana Boat Song."" The two singles became US Top Ten hits and peaked at #26 and #15 respectively in the UK Singles Chart. The group formed from a collection of folk singers who performed regularly at Washington Square in New York City during the mid-1950s, including Erik Darling and Bob Carey. ""Eventually it became the Tarriers, with Bob,

"Agriculture in the United Kingdom"
production is no longer important in the UK, and nowadays, sheared fleeces are often treated as a waste product. Pig farming is concentrated in Yorkshire and East Anglia. About 4,600 farms produce pigs, and the UK is 90% self-sufficient in pork, but only about 40% self-sufficient in bacon and ham, which reflects a traditional British preference for these cuts. Nowadays many pig farms in the UK breed intensively-farmed hybrids of types like the Large White, British Landrace, Welsh or British Saddleback, and formerly-popular breeds like the Cumberland and Small White are extinct. Wild boar are sometimes farmed. They are currently

a problem because pig manure is mildly toxic, owing to the use of copper as a growth enhancer. The UK has about 73,000 goats, mostly as milk producers; this number is relatively small by EU standards. Venison production in the UK is mainly from red deer, with a few fallow deer as well, but there are only about 300 venison-producing farms. As noted above, there are about 26,500 farms with chickens. However, more than half the UK's eggs come from fewer than 400 flocks, mostly with more than 50,000 birds each. Other livestock and poultry farmed on a smaller scale

Agriculture in the United Kingdom Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 69% of the country's land area, employs 1.5% of its workforce (476,000 people) and contributes 0.62% of its gross value added (£9.9 billion). The UK produces less than 60% of the food it eats. Although agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations, it is concentrated in East Anglia (crops) and the South West (livestock). Of the 212,000 farm holdings, there is a wide variation in size from under 20 to over 100 hectares. Despite skilled farmers, high technology, fertile soil and subsidies, farm earnings are relatively low, mainly due

"British Landrace pig"
the village of Stockton-on-the-Forest in North Yorkshire. The breed's popularity may have contributed to a decline in rare breeds in the United Kingdom. The 1955 Howitt report by the Advisory Committee on the Development of Pig Production advised farmers to increase profitability by focusing on just three breeds of pigs — the British Landrace, the Large White and the Welsh. Many farmers acted on the report and as a result many rarer pig breeds have declined. In a 1999 book, Jules Pretty said that seven pig breeds had been lost in Britain in the 20th century, and that the industry

British Landrace pig The British Landrace is a British domestic breed of pig and one of the most popular in the United Kingdom. It is white with heavy drooping ears that cover most of the face and is bred for pork and bacon. The breed originated in the 1949 importation of 12 landrace pigs from Scandinavia — four boars and eight gilts (immature females). In 1950, the British Landrace Pig Society was formed and it opened a herd book for the first offspring born from the imported 12. They created the first pig testing scheme with a testing station at

in the west. Average herd size is 86 cows in England, 75 in Wales and 102 in Scotland. Most cows are milked twice a day, and an average dairy cow yields 6,300 litres a year. The most important dairy cattle breed is the ubiquitous British Friesian, which has largely replaced the Dairy Shorthorn in British dairy herds thanks both to its high milk yield and the relatively high quality of the beef it produces. The UK once produced roughly as much beef as it ate, but this changed in 1996 because of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The BSE crisis led

British countryside and wildlife. The total area of agricultural holdings is about 171,000 km (43 million acres), or 183,000 km including rough grazing land, of which about a third, 64,000 km (15.3 million acres) are arable and most of the rest is given over to grassland. During the growing season about half the arable area is devoted to cereal crops, and of the cereal crop area, more than 65% is wheat. There are about 31 million sheep, 10 million cattle, 9.6 million poultry and 4.5 million pigs. These are arranged on about 212,000 holdings, whose average cultivable area is around

around mid-September, and spring crops as soon as the soil is ready. Each year the country produces about 6.5 million tonnes of barley, of which 1.5 million are exported, 2 million used in brewing and distilling activities and the remainder fed to livestock. The country also produces 14 to 15 million tons of wheat each year, of which farmers kept 3.9 million tonnes as stock in February 2012. In 2008, 750,000 tonnes of oats were produced, in 2011-2012 613,000. During 1999-2003 production of barley ranged from 6,128,000 - 7,456,000, wheat from 11,580,000 to 16,704,000 and oats from 491,000 to 753,000.

consumes. In 2010, it exported £14 billion worth of food, feed and drink, and imported £32.5 billion. The vast majority of imports and exports are with other Western European countries. Farming is subsidised, with subsidies to farmers totalling £3.19 billion (after deduction of levies) paid in 2010. These subsidies are mostly channelled through the EU Common Agricultural Policy from member states' contributions. UK farmers receive the fifth largest agricultural subsidy in the EU, with 7% of the subsidy, after France (17%), Spain (13%), Germany (12%), and Italy (10%). There is downward pressure on the subsidies and on 19 November 2010,

animal welfare grounds. Indoor sows are housed in groups. Each sow produces an average of 24 piglets a year and will be pregnant or lactating for 340 days a year. This intensive production wears the sows out and about 40% of them need to be replaced each year. A major byproduct of pig production is slurry. One sow and her piglets can produce ten tonnes of slurry a year. Because regulations limit how much slurry can be loaded onto a given area of land, this means that each sow with her progeny will manure at least 0.8 hectares. This is

"Battle of Corinth (146 BC)"
Battle of Corinth (146 BC) The Battle of Corinth was a battle fought between the Roman Republic and the Greek city-state of Corinth and its allies in the Achaean League in 146 BC, which resulted in the complete and total destruction of Corinth. This battle marked the beginning of the period of Roman domination in Greek history. In 146 BC, the Romans finally defeated and destroyed their main rival in the Mediterranean, Carthage, and spent the following months in provoking the Greeks, aiming to a final battle that would also strengthen their hold in this area. Cassius Dio reported that

"Corinthian War"
Corinthian War The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states, Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, who were initially backed by Persia. The immediate cause of the war was a local conflict in northwest Greece in which both Thebes and Sparta intervened. The deeper cause was hostility towards Sparta provoked by that city's ""expansionism in Asia Minor, central and northern Greece and even the west"". The war was fought on two fronts, on land near Corinth (hence the name) and Thebes and at sea in

in 394 BC. The Spartans fought determinedly, particularly in the vicinity of Peisander's ship, but were eventually overwhelmed; large numbers of ships were sunk or captured, and the Spartan fleet was essentially wiped from the sea. Following this victory, Conon and Pharnabazus sailed along the coast of Ionia, expelling Spartan governors and garrisons from the cities, although they failed to reduce the Spartan bases at Abydos and Sestos under the command of Dercylidas. By this time, Agesilaus's army, after brushing off attacks from the Thessalians during its march through that country, had arrived in Boeotia, where it was met by

out from Sparta to challenge this force. The forces met at the dry bed of the Nemea River, in Corinthian territory, where the Spartans won a decisive victory. As often happened in hoplite battles, the right flank of each army was victorious, with the Spartans defeating the Athenians while the Thebans, Argives, and Corinthians defeated the various Peloponnesians opposite them; the Spartans then attacked and killed a number of Argives, Corinthians, and Thebans as these troops returned from pursuing the defeated Peloponnesians. The coalition army lost 2,800 men, while the Spartans and their allies lost only 1,100. The next major

its Asian provinces, consolidated its hold over the eastern Aegean and captured both Egypt and Cyprus by 380 BC. Sparta, meanwhile, in its newly formalized position atop the Greek political system, took advantage of the autonomy clause of the peace to break up any coalition that it perceived as a threat. Disloyal allies were sharply punished—Mantinea, for instance, was broken up into five component villages. With Agesilaus at the head of the state, advocating for an aggressive policy, the Spartans campaigned from the Peloponnese to the distant Chalcidic peninsula. Their dominance over mainland Greece would last another sixteen years before

action of the war took place at sea, where both the Persians and the Spartans had assembled large fleets during Agesilaus's campaign in Asia. By levying ships from the Aegean states under his control, Agesilaus had raised a force of 120 triremes, which he placed under the command of his brother-in-law Peisander, who had never held a command of this nature before. The Persians, meanwhile, had already assembled a joint Phoenician, Cilician, and Cypriot fleet, under the command of the experienced Athenian admiral Conon, which had seized Rhodes in 396 BC. These two fleets met off the point of Cnidus

both Locris and Phocis. In response, the Phocians invaded Locris, and ransacked Locrian territory. The Locrians appealed to Thebes for assistance, and the Thebans invaded Phocian territory; the Phocians, in turn, appealed to their ally, Sparta, and the Spartans, pleased to have a pretext to discipline the Thebans, ordered general mobilization. A Theban embassy was dispatched to Athens to request support; the Athenians voted to assist Thebes, and a perpetual alliance was concluded between Athens and the Boeotian confederacy. The Spartan plan called for two armies, one under Lysander and the other under Pausanias, to rendezvous at and attack the

Athenians sent Iphicrates to the region to confront Anaxibius. For a time, the two forces merely raided each other's territory, but eventually Iphicrates succeeded in guessing where Anaxibius would bring his troops on a return march from a campaign against Antandrus, and ambushed the Spartan force. When Anaxibius and his men, who were strung out in the line of march, had entered the rough, mountainous terrain in which Iphicrates and his men were waiting, the Athenians emerged and ambushed them, killing Anaxibius and many others. In 389 BC, the Athenians attacked the island of Aegina, off the coast of Attica.

this year by the victorious Roman army and all of her treasures and art plundered. The entire adult male population was put to the sword and the female population and children sold into slavery. The annihilation of Corinth, the same fate met by Carthage the same year, marked a severe departure from previous Roman policy in Greece. While there is archaeological evidence of some minimal habitation in the years afterwards, Julius Caesar refounded the city as Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis in 44 BC, shortly before his assassination. Battle of Corinth (146 BC) The Battle of Corinth was a battle fought

an army gathered from the various states of the anti-Spartan alliance. Agesilaus's force from Asia, composed largely of emancipated helots and mercenary veterans of the Ten Thousand, was augmented by half a Spartan regiment from Orchomenus, and another half a regiment that had been transported across the Gulf of Corinth. These armies met each other at Coronea, in Theban territory; as at Nemea, both right wings were victorious, with the Thebans breaking through while the rest of the allies were defeated. Seeing that the rest of their force had been defeated, the Thebans formed up to break back through to

"Never Forget You (Zara Larsson and MNEK song)"
Never Forget You (Zara Larsson and MNEK song) ""Never Forget You"" is a song by Swedish singer and songwriter Zara Larsson and British singer MNEK. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 22 July 2015 as a digital download, the second single from her second album, her international debut studio album, ""So Good"". The song reached the top 10 in several countries including the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, and became both Larsson and MNEK's first US entry on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at number 13 in May 2016 and becoming the best rank on the

"Never Forget You (Mariah Carey song)"
Never Forget You (Mariah Carey song) ""Never Forget You"" is a song performed by American singer Mariah Carey. It was co-written by Carey and Babyface. It was produced by Carey, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons for Carey's third studio album, ""Music Box"" (1993). It was released as the fourth single from ""Music Box"" in the first quarter of 1994, as a double A-side with a cover of Badfinger's ""Without You."" Lyrically, the song's protagonist describes her ex-lover and although they have since moved on, she will never forget them. No music video was commissioned for the album version or any of

"I'll Never Get Over You"
I'll Never Get Over You ""For the Expose song, see I'll Never Get Over You Getting Over Me."" ""I'll Never Get Over You"" is a song and single by British band, Johnny Kidd & the Pirates. Written by Gordon Mills it was first released in the UK in 1963. It reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1963 and was in the charts for 15 weeks. It was their sixth UK chart success and their second highest placed single in the chart. The song was influenced by the sound of Merseybeat with the intro recalling the outro of the

"I'll Remember"
I'll Remember ""I'll Remember"" is a song by American singer Madonna. It was released on March 15, 1994, by Warner Bros. Records as the soundtrack single of the film ""With Honors"". It was a radical change in image and style for Madonna, who had received some negative critical and commercial feedback over the prior two years due to the release of her book ""Sex"", the studio album ""Erotica"" and the film ""Body of Evidence"". Warner Bros. had Madonna sing the song after noting most of her previous soundtrack singles had achieved commercial success. It utilizes a synthesized keyboard arrangement to

Beatles Please Please Me. I'll Never Get Over You ""For the Expose song, see I'll Never Get Over You Getting Over Me."" ""I'll Never Get Over You"" is a song and single by British band, Johnny Kidd & the Pirates. Written by Gordon Mills it was first released in the UK in 1963. It reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1963 and was in the charts for 15 weeks. It was their sixth UK chart success and their second highest placed single in the chart. The song was influenced by the sound of Merseybeat with the intro recalling

"I'll Never Stop Loving You (1955 song)"
I'll Never Stop Loving You (1955 song) ""I'll Never Stop Loving You"" is a popular music song, with music written by Nicholas Brodzsky and lyrics by Sammy Cahn for the 1955 film ""Love Me or Leave Me"". The song was published in 1955. The recording by Doris Day was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40505. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on July 23, 1955. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #13; on the Best Seller chart, at #15; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #93 (a misleading figure, because

the symbolic forms of male supremacy. Feminist writer Martha Leslie Allen lauded the video, as well as Madonna, ""for breaking free of the conventional portrayal of women yet again, and displaying their duality."" Credits adapted from ""I'll Remember"" 7"" vinyl single liner notes. I'll Remember ""I'll Remember"" is a song by American singer Madonna. It was released on March 15, 1994, by Warner Bros. Records as the soundtrack single of the film ""With Honors"". It was a radical change in image and style for Madonna, who had received some negative critical and commercial feedback over the prior two years due

"I Will Remember You (Sarah McLachlan song)"
I Will Remember You (Sarah McLachlan song) ""I Will Remember You"" is a song written by Sarah McLachlan, Séamus Egan and Dave Merenda. The song first appeared on the soundtrack for the movie ""The Brothers McMullen"" in 1995 and 1996 where it peaked at #65 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart & #10 in Canada and was featured on her remix album ""Rarities, B-Sides and Other Stuff"". The original inspiration came from Seamus Egan's instrumental song, ""Weep Not for the Memories"", which appeared on his album ""A Week in January"" (1990). McLachlan and Merenda added lyrics and modified the melody

"I Won't Forget You"
I Won't Forget You ""I Won't Forget You"" is the fourth single from American glam metal band Poison, originally from the album ""Look What the Cat Dragged In"". Released as a single in 1987 on the Enigma label of Capitol Records, and peaked at number 13 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song, along with ""Talk Dirty to Me,"" ""Fallen Angel"" and ""Ride the Wind,"" was the subject of a lawsuit in 2011 by members of the defunct band Kid Rocker, who claimed that the songs were based on Kid Rocker songs played to Poison guitarist C.C. DeVille before he

"I'll Remember You"
I'll Remember You ""l'll Remember You"" is a song written by Kui Lee in 1964. Many artists including Elvis Presley (1966), Andy Williams, Tony Bennett, Herb Alpert, and Roger Williams covered it, and it was also performed by Tommy Sands in the 1968 ""Hawaii Five-O"" episode ""No Blue Skies"". Perhaps the most famous version was by his friend Don Ho, who was an aspiring singer at Honey's Nightclub, where Lee worked as a doorman and which was owned by Don Ho's mother. Frank Sinatra's daughter, Nancy Sinatra, visited 'Honey's' with friends. Hearing Don Ho perform and watching his ease with

"Jack Scanlon"
Jack Scanlon Jack Scanlon (born 6 August 1998) is an English actor who is best known for his role in the Holocaust film ""The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"" Scanlon was born in Canterbury, Kent and now lives in Deal with his parents and younger brother. He now attends Bath Spa University studying commercial music. He is a fan of Aldershot Town. He attended Sir Roger Manwood's School in nearby Sandwich, Kent. He auditioned for """"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"""" through his drama club and was eventually cast as Shmuel after director Mark Herman narrowed his choice down to

"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)"
extermination camp through the eyes of two 8-year-old boys; Bruno (Asa Butterfield), the son of the camp's Nazi commandant, and Shmuel (Jack Scanlon), a Jewish inmate. The film opens with the quote ""Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows"", by John Betjeman. A young boy named Bruno lives with his family in Berlin, in Nazi Germany during World War II. He learns that his father Ralf has been promoted, due to which their family, including Bruno's mother Elsa and sister Gretel, relocate to the ""countryside"" (occupied Poland). Bruno hates his

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film) The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a 2008 British American historical drama film set in World War II, based on John Boyne’s 2006 novel of the same name. Written and Directed by Mark Herman, produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films, and distributed by Miramax, the film stars Vera Farmiga, David Thewlis, Asa Butterfield, and Jack Scanlon. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom. The Holocaust drama relates the horror of a World War II Nazi

miniseries ""Runaway"", broadcast on BBC One, which was part of the CBBC season about homelessness. Jack Scanlon Jack Scanlon (born 6 August 1998) is an English actor who is best known for his role in the Holocaust film ""The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"" Scanlon was born in Canterbury, Kent and now lives in Deal with his parents and younger brother. He now attends Bath Spa University studying commercial music. He is a fan of Aldershot Town. He attended Sir Roger Manwood's School in nearby Sandwich, Kent. He auditioned for """"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"""" through his drama club

"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"
read it, he warns, may believe the camps ""weren't that bad"" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of ""the constant presence of death"". Holocaust scholar Henry Gonashk rebuts Blech's historical contention in his book ""Hollywood and the Holocaust"", writing that ""[T]he rabbi found implausible Shmuel's very existence in the camp"", but stating that ""Blech is factually incorrect. In fact, there were male (though apparently not female) children at Auschwitz. In 1944, for example, according to the Nazis' meticulous records, there were 619 male children at the camp, ranging in

to Commandant, and the family has to move to ""Out-With"" because of the orders of ""The Fury"" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word """"Führer""""). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on

socialising. Kotler is furious and yells at Shmuel for talking to Bruno. In the midst of his scolding, Kotler notices Shmuel chewing the food Bruno gave him. When Kotler asks Shmuel where he got the food, he says Bruno offered the cake, but Bruno, fearful of Kotler, denies this. Believing Bruno, Kotler tells Shmuel that they will have a ""little chat"" later. Distraught, Bruno goes to apologise to Shmuel, but finds him gone. Every day, Bruno returns to the same spot by the camp but does not see Shmuel. Eventually, Shmuel reappears behind the fence, sporting a black eye. Bruno

"Mark Herman"
Mark Herman Mark Herman (born 1954) is an English film director and screenwriter best known for writing and directing the 2008 film ""The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"". Herman was born in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was educated at Woodleigh School, North Yorkshire and thereafter at Sedbergh School and Bridlington Grammar School, Bridlington. Aged 27, he was late entering the film industry, studying Art at Hull Art College before taking up animation at Leeds Polytechnic, now Leeds Beckett University, from where he progressed to the National Film and Television School. There, he moved away from animation and

read other books on the topic — Jerry Spinelli's ""Milkweed"", say, or Anne Frank's diary — may be irritated by the book’s evasions and euphemisms. There is something awkward about the way Boyne manages to disguise, and then to disclose, the historical context"". Scott concludes that ""[T]o mold the Holocaust into an allegory, as Boyne does here with perfectly benign intent, is to step away from its reality"". Rabbi Benjamin Blech offered a historical criticism, contending that the premise of the book and subsequent film – that there could be a child of Shmuel's age in Auschwitz – was impossible,

more than five million copies around the world. In both 2007 and 2008, it was the best selling book of the year in Spain, and it has also reached number one on the ""New York Times"" bestseller list, as well as in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. The book was adapted in 2008 as a film of the same name. Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted

"Rip It Up (Little Richard song)"
Rip It Up (Little Richard song) ""Rip It Up"" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at number 17 on the pop chart. The Bill Haley and the Comets recording reached number 25 on the ""Billboard"" pop singles chart and number four in the UK. Bill Haley and the Comets also performed their version of

Back sessions in 1969, The Beatles recorded the song as part of a medley with ""Shake, Rattle and Roll"" and ""Blue Suede Shoes."" This recording was released in 1996 on the album ""Anthology 3"". It was recorded in 1975 by John Lennon on his album ""Rock 'n' Roll"", in a medley together with the song ""Ready Teddy."" Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen included the song on their ""Hot Licks, Cold Steel & Truckers Favorites"" album in 1972. In 1978, Billy ""Crash"" Craddock released his version on his album ""Turning Up and Turning On"". In 1987, Los Lobos included

"Rip It Up (Orange Juice song)"
sea, drawn by Edwyn Collins. Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) ""Rip It Up"" was a 1983 single by Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice. It was the second single to be released from their 1982 album of the same name. The song became the band's only UK top 40 success, reaching no. 8 in the chart. ""Rip It Up"" signalled a departure from the sound of the band's earlier singles, with Chic-influenced guitars and using a synthesiser to create a more disco-oriented sound. The song was sampled in 2009 by British soul singer Beverley Knight on her song ""In Your

Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) ""Rip It Up"" was a 1983 single by Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice. It was the second single to be released from their 1982 album of the same name. The song became the band's only UK top 40 success, reaching no. 8 in the chart. ""Rip It Up"" signalled a departure from the sound of the band's earlier singles, with Chic-influenced guitars and using a synthesiser to create a more disco-oriented sound. The song was sampled in 2009 by British soul singer Beverley Knight on her song ""In Your Shoes"" from the album ""100%"".

RipGroove
RipGroove ""RipGroove"" is the debut single by English speed garage duo Double 99. A huge underground UK club hit in 1997, the song was officially released as a single twice, first in May 1997 where it reached #31 on the UK Singles Chart, then again in October, peaking seventeen places higher at #14. The song appeared on their sole album, ""7th High"", released in 2001. The song contains samples of Armand Van Helden's Drum 'n' Bass Mix of CJ Bolland's ""Sugar Is Sweeter"", DJ Gunshot's ""Wheel 'n' Deal"", Barbara Tucker's ""I Get Lifted"" (The Underground Network Mix) and a vocal

"Orange Juice (band)"
Orange Juice (band) Orange Juice was a Scottish post-punk band founded in the Glasgow suburb of Bearsden as the Nu-Sonics in 1976. Edwyn Collins formed the Nu-Sonics (named after a cheap brand of guitar) with his school-mate Alan Duncan and was subsequently joined by James Kirk and Steven Daly, who left a band called The Machetes. The band became Orange Juice in 1979. They are best known for the hit ""Rip It Up"", which reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1983, the band's only UK Top 40 hit. The band released their first singles during 1980

"Rip It Up (Jet song)"
Rip It Up (Jet song) ""Rip It Up"" is a song from Australian rock band Jet's second album ""Shine On"". It was released 27 November 2006 as the second single from that album in Australia. Fellow band members and brothers, Chris Cester and Nic Cester, together with Cameron Muncey, co-wrote the track. At a concert at London's Brixton Academy Nic, the lead singer, announced ""Here's a song we've written about Paris Hilton – it's called 'Rip It Up'"", he referred to the United States socialite, Paris Hilton. Contactmusic.com's reporter claims that the track ""includes lyrics threatening to kill Hilton's pet

singer-songwriter Eiichi Ohtaki recorded a song called ""陽気に行こうぜ～恋にしびれて""—the Japanese title of ""Rip It Up"" and Elvis Presley’s ""All Shook Up"", respectively—which ‘merges’ the two songs into one. It is included in his posthumous album ""Debut Again"" in 2016. Rip It Up (Little Richard song) ""Rip It Up"" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at

In 2014, ""NME"" ranked it at number 216 in its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also included by ""Pitchfork"" at number 157 in a list of The Best 200 Songs of the 1980s. The song was recorded as part of the sessions for Orange Juice's second studio album and would go on to become the title track of said album. It marked a departure from their previous guitar-pop based material, instead utilising Chic style guitar-funk and a bubbling Roland TB-303 synthesiser bassline, becoming the first chart single to feature the instrument. The song also

"Rip Her to Shreds"
Rip Her to Shreds ""Rip Her to Shreds"" is a song by American new wave band Blondie, which features on the band's self-titled debut album. ""Rip Her To Shreds"" was Blondie's first UK single, released on Chrysalis Records in the UK in late 1977, though it did not chart. The single peaked at #81 in Australia in March 1978. The B-sides to this single were ""In the Flesh"" and ""X Offender"", both previously issued as A-side singles by Private Stock Records, and both moderately successful in certain territories. As a promotional gimmick the song was also released as a 12""

"Nitrogenous base"
sciences, nitrogenous bases are increasingly termed nucleobases because of their role in nucleic acids - their flat shape is particularly important when considering their roles as the building blocks of DNA and RNA. A set of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides, which in turn build up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these heterocyclic six-membered rings. The nitrogenous bases

Nitrogenous base A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine. They are non-polar and due to their aromaticity, planar. Both pyrimidines and purines resemble pyridine and are thus weak bases and relatively unreactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the biological

present in RNA, replacing thymine. Pyrimidines include thymine, cytosine, and uracil. They have a single ring structure. Purines include adenine and guanine. They have a double ring structure. Nitrogenous base A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine. They are

form hydrogen bonds between opposing DNA strands to form the rungs of the ""twisted ladder"" or double helix of DNA or a biological catalyst that is found in the nucleotides. Adenine is always paired with thymine, and guanine is always paired with cytosine. These are known as base pairs. Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine in DNA and two hydrogen bonds with uracil in RNA, while three hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine. There are a variety of other non-canonical base pairs that occur in nature due to the versatility of these molecular structures. Uracil is only

Nitrogenase
Nitrogenase Nitrogenases are enzymes () that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). These enzymes are responsible for the reduction of nitrogen (N) to ammonia (NH). Nitrogenases are the only family of enzymes known to catalyze this reaction, which is a key step in the process of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is required for all forms of life, with nitrogen being essential for the biosynthesis of molecules (nucleotides, amino acids) that create plants, animals and other organisms. The equilibrium formation of ammonia from molecular hydrogen and nitrogen has an overall negative enthalpy of reaction (formula_1), the activation

Nucleobase
Nucleobase Nucleobases, also known as ""nitrogenous bases"" or often simply ""bases"", are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. The ability of nucleobases to form base pairs and to stack one upon another leads directly to long-chain helical structures such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Five nucleobases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called ""primary"" or ""canonical"". They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and

Nitrogen
coordinate in five ways. The most common are nitro (bonded from the nitrogen) and nitrito (bonded from an oxygen). Nitro-nitrito isomerism is common, where the nitrito form is usually less stable. Nitric acid (HNO) is by far the most important and the most stable of the nitrogen oxoacids. It is one of the three most used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was first discovered by the alchemists in the 13th century. It is made by catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, which is oxidised to nitrogen dioxide, and then dissolved in water to

Fe protein enter the MoFe protein at the P-clusters, which then transfer the electrons to the FeMo cofactors. Each FeMo cofactor then acts as a site for nitrogen fixation, with N binding in the central cavity of the cofactor. Nitrogenase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing nitrogen fixation, which is the reduction of nitrogen (N) to ammonia (NH) and a process vital to sustaining life on Earth. There are three types of nitrogenase found in various nitrogen-fixing bacteria: molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase, vanadium (V) nitrogenase, and iron-only (Fe) nitrogenase. Molybdenum nitrogenase, which can be found in diazotrophs and legumes, is the

"Base (chemistry)"
are treated with high temperature heat. The number of ionizable hydroxide (OH-) ions present in one molecule of base is called the acidity of bases. On the basis of acidity bases can be classified into three types: monoacidic, diacidic and triacidic. When one molecule of a base via complete ionization produces one hydroxide ion, the base is said to be a monoacidic base. Examples of monoacidic bases are: Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, silver hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, etc. When one molecule of base via complete ionization produces two hydroxide ions, the base is said to be diacidic. Examples of diacidic bases

"Organic base"
Organic base An organic base is an organic compound which acts as a base. Organic bases are usually, but not always, proton acceptors. They usually contain nitrogen atoms, which can easily be protonated. Amines and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are organic bases. Examples include: While all organic bases are considered to be weak,(except for some like R-) many factors can affect the strength of the compounds. One such factor is the inductive effect. A simple explanation of the term would state that electropositive atoms (such as carbon groups) attached in close proximity to the potential proton acceptor have an ""electron-releasing"" effect,

"Alkaline earth metal"
Alkaline earth metal The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure. Structurally, they have in common an outer s- electron shell which is full; that is, this orbital contains its full complement of two electrons, which these elements readily lose to form cations with charge +2, and an oxidation state of +2. All the discovered alkaline earth metals occur

the next member of this series, calculations suggest that the next element of this series might actually be element 166. Alkaline earth metal The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure. Structurally, they have in common an outer s- electron shell which is full; that is, this orbital contains its full complement of two electrons, which these elements readily

"Alkali metal"
stereochemically active inert pair in thallium. The group 11 metals (or coinage metals), copper, silver, and gold, are typically categorised as transition metals given they can form ions with incomplete d-shells. Physically, they have the relatively low melting points and high electronegativity values associated with post-transition metals. ""The filled ""d"" subshell and free ""s"" electron of Cu, Ag, and Au contribute to their high electrical and thermal conductivity. Transition metals to the left of group 11 experience interactions between ""s"" electrons and the partially filled ""d"" subshell that lower electron mobility."" Chemically, the group 11 metals behave like main-group metals

the alkali metals comprise the group 1 elements, excluding hydrogen (H), which is nominally a group 1 element but not normally considered to be an alkali metal as it rarely exhibits behaviour comparable to that of the alkali metals. All the alkali metals react with water, with the heavier alkali metals reacting more vigorously than the lighter ones. All of the discovered alkali metals occur in nature as their compounds: in order of abundance, sodium is the most abundant, followed by potassium, lithium, rubidium, caesium, and finally francium, which is very rare due to its extremely high radioactivity; francium occurs

amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The alkali metals, due to their high reactivity, do not occur naturally in pure form in nature. They are lithophiles and therefore remain close to the Earth's surface because they combine readily with oxygen and so associate strongly with silica, forming relatively low-density minerals that do not sink down into the Earth's core. Potassium, rubidium and caesium are also incompatible elements due to their large ionic radii. Sodium and potassium are very abundant in earth, both being among the ten most common elements in Earth's crust; sodium makes

state characteristic of the alkali metals), together into a group. His table placed hydrogen with the halogens. After 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev proposed his periodic table placing lithium at the top of a group with sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and thallium. Two years later, Mendeleev revised his table, placing hydrogen in group 1 above lithium, and also moving thallium to the boron group. In this 1871 version, copper, silver, and gold were placed twice, once as part of group IB, and once as part of a ""group VIII"" encompassing today's groups 8 to 11. After the introduction of the 18-column table,

Alkali metal The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). This group lies in the s-block of the periodic table of elements as all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties. Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour. The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at

they are among a series of triads of elements in the same group that were noted by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1850 as having similar properties. Rubidium and caesium were the first elements to be discovered using the spectroscope, invented in 1859 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. The next year, they discovered caesium in the mineral water from Bad Dürkheim, Germany. Their discovery of rubidium came the following year in Heidelberg, Germany, finding it in the mineral lepidolite. The names of rubidium and caesium come from the most prominent lines in their emission spectra: a bright red line for

rubidium (from the Latin word ""rubidus"", meaning dark red or bright red), and a sky-blue line for caesium (derived from the Latin word ""caesius"", meaning sky-blue). Around 1865 John Newlands produced a series of papers where he listed the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and similar physical and chemical properties that recurred at intervals of eight; he likened such periodicity to the octaves of music, where notes an octave apart have similar musical functions. His version put all the alkali metals then known (lithium to caesium), as well as copper, silver, and thallium (which show the +1 oxidation

matter that formed the Sun, but the planets acquired different compositions during the formation and evolution of the solar system. In turn, the natural history of the Earth caused parts of this planet to have differing concentrations of the elements. The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 kg. It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%); with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to planetary differentiation, the core region is believed to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller

"Alabama State Capitol"
Alabama State Capitol The Alabama State Capitol, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Confederate Capitol, is the state capitol building for Alabama. It is located on Capitol Hill, originally Goat Hill, in Montgomery. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1960. Alabama has had five political capitals during its history. The first was the territorial capital in St. Stephens in 1817, followed by the state convention in Huntsville in 1819, then the first ""permanent"" capital in Cahaba in 1820. It was then moved to Tuscaloosa in 1826, until coming to rest in

Alabama
the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and otherwise discriminate against African Americans from

Alabama
it increased to more than 300,000 people by 1830. Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. From 1826 to 1846, Tuscaloosa served as Alabama's capital. On January 30, 1846, the Alabama legislature announced it had voted to move the capital city from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery. The first legislative session in the new capital met in December 1847. A new capitol building was erected under the direction of Stephen Decatur Button of Philadelphia. The first structure burned down in 1849, but was

State Supreme Court, the old Supreme Court Library, the rotunda, the old House of Representatives, and the old Senate Chamber. Its buildings and grounds are maintained by the Alabama Historical Commission. Alabama State Capitol The Alabama State Capitol, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Confederate Capitol, is the state capitol building for Alabama. It is located on Capitol Hill, originally Goat Hill, in Montgomery. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1960. Alabama has had five political capitals during its history. The first was the territorial capital in St. Stephens in 1817,

"Montgomery, Alabama"
Montgomery, Alabama Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County. Named for Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 2010 Census, Montgomery's population was 205,764. It is the second most populous city in Alabama, after Birmingham, and is the 118th most populous in the United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas. The city was incorporated in

in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household. Montgomery has one sister city: Montgomery, Alabama Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County. Named for Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 2010 Census, Montgomery's population was 205,764. It is the second most populous city in Alabama, after Birmingham, and is the 118th most populous in the United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536; it is the fourth

"Tuscaloosa, Alabama"
Commission was formed in 1986. The city currently has sister city relationships with cities in three countries: (B) denotes that the person was born there. Tuscaloosa, Alabama Tuscaloosa ( ) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama (in the southeastern United States). Located on the Black Warrior River at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line of the Piedmont, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with an estimated population of 100,287 in 2017. Incorporated as a town on December 13, 1819, it was named after Tuskaloosa, the chief of a band of Muskogean-speaking people.

Tuscaloosa, Alabama Tuscaloosa ( ) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama (in the southeastern United States). Located on the Black Warrior River at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line of the Piedmont, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with an estimated population of 100,287 in 2017. Incorporated as a town on December 13, 1819, it was named after Tuskaloosa, the chief of a band of Muskogean-speaking people. They battled and were defeated by forces of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mabila, thought to have been located

Montgomery in 1846. The current structure is the state's fourth purpose-built capitol building, with the first at Cahaba, the second at Tuscaloosa, and the last two in Montgomery. The first capitol building in Montgomery, located where the current building stands, burned after only two years. The current building was completed in 1851, although additional wings were added over the course of the following 140 years. The current capitol building temporarily served as the Confederate Capitol while Montgomery served as the first political capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861, before being moved to Richmond, Virginia. Meeting in the

"North Alabama"
North Alabama North Alabama is a region of the U.S. state of Alabama, generally considered to include 16 counties: Blount, Cherokee, Colbert, Cullman, DeKalb, Etowah, Franklin, Jackson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Morgan, and Winston, with a combined population of 1,000,985, or 20.94% of the state's population as of 2010 Census. The Greater Birmingham metro area overlaps the region and is the largest metropolitan area in the region. The anchor city of the region is Huntsville, but other cities of notable size include (in order of population): Decatur, Madison, Florence (along with its sister cities Muscle Shoals, Sheffield, and

"United States men's national ice hockey team"
defeated the heavily favored seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union on the way to a gold medal. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the ""Miracle"" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the ""Forgotten Miracle"". U.S. hockey experienced a spike

United States men's national ice hockey team The United States men's national ice hockey team is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with its U18 and U17 development program in Plymouth, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey, the governing body for organized ice hockey in the United States. The U.S. team is ranked 4th in the IIHF World Rankings. The current head coach is Jeff Blashill. The U.S. won gold medals at the 1960 and 1980 Olympics and more recently, silver medals at the 2002 and 2010 Olympics. The U.S. also won the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, defeating

"United States men's national field hockey team"
as a women’s game in the United States; field hockey has historically been used as a “Title IX” sport to offset the large number of men who play college football, and as such, colleges have typically only sponsored women's field hockey teams. The players on the national team play overseas in European and Australian leagues. In their first Olympics in 1932, team USA hosted India and Japan. With only 3 teams in the tournament, the U.S. lost both their games and finished 3rd for the Bronze medal. The team was again the host nation for the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic

"Miracle on Ice"
Miracle on Ice The ""Miracle on Ice"" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more in Lake Placid. The team consisted primarily of professional players with significant experience in international play. By contrast, the United States' team—led by head coach Herb Brooks—consisted exclusively of amateur players, and was

focused on heavily, as he takes his daughter Anastasia on the trip to reminisce. <nowiki>* Starting line up</nowiki> Miracle on Ice The ""Miracle on Ice"" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more in Lake Placid. The team consisted primarily of professional players with significant experience in international

"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games"
States won six. The 1998 Olympic tournament also included teams from Finland, Sweden, China and host Japan. Canada and the United States dominated the round-robin portion. In their head-to-head match, the United States overcame a 4–1 deficit to win 7–4. The two teams met in the final, which the United States won 3–1 to become the third American ice hockey team to win Olympic gold. Finland defeated China 4–1 to win the bronze medal. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the number of teams was increased to eight with Russia, Germany and Kazakhstan qualifying for the first time. The Canadian and

the 1976 tournament joining the boycott. The Winter Olympics returned to Lake Placid, New York in 1980. Twelve teams participated in the tournament, including Canada for the first time since 1968. The Soviet Union entered the tournament as favourites and were considered natural rivals with the American team due to the Cold War. The Americans, coached by Herb Brooks and consisting mainly of college students, tied Sweden and scored an upset win over Czechoslovakia in the preliminary round. They advanced to the medal round along with Sweden, Finland and the Soviet Union. The 22 February medal-round game between the Soviet

Canada in the finals. The team's most recent medal at the World Championships came with a bronze in 2018. They won the tournament in 1933 and 1960. Unlike other nations, the U.S. doesn't typically use its best NHL players in the World Championships. Instead, it provides the younger players with an opportunity to gain international experience. Overall, the team has collected eleven Olympic medals (two of them gold), eighteen World Championship medals (two of them gold), and it reached the semifinal round of the Canada Cup/World Cup five times, twice advancing to the finals and winning gold once. The U.S.

"United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics"
a host country has won at a Winter Olympics, with 10. However, Canada broke it during the 2010 Winter Olympics. The Olympics were held only months after September 11, 2001. During the opening ceremonies, Jacques Rogge, presiding over his first Olympics as IOC president, told the American athletes that the world was gathered in their country and that their country was overcoming the ""horrific tragedy"" of that day and stands united with them in promoting the IOC's ideals. ""Superior CC, Superior""<br> Skip: Tim Somerville <br> Third: Mike Schneeberger <br> Second: Myles Brundidge <br> Lead: John Gordon <br> Alternate: Donald Barcombe,

"Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics"
Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, U.S.A., was the 14th Olympic Championship. Twelve teams competed in the tournament, which was held from February 12 to 24. The United States won its second gold medal, including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the ""Miracle on Ice"". Games were held at the Olympic Arena and the Olympic Fieldhouse. The Olympics came at a difficult time for Soviet–U.S. relations, as they were deep in the Cold War. Only months before the games began,

"Marvel Television"
April 2017, Freeform announced a straight-to-series order for the half-hour live action series, ""Marvel's New Warriors"", with the first season, consisting of 10 episodes, set to air in 2018. In May 2017, Hulu ordered ""Runaways"" to series with 10 episodes, to premiere on November 21, 2017. In November 2016, Marvel Television and IMAX Corporation announced ""Inhumans"", to be produced in conjunction with ABC Studios, and to air on ABC. The series, which is co-financed by IMAX and saw the first two episodes and select subsequent action sequences filmed with IMAX digital cameras, had versions of the first two episodes be

and Jim Chory. It was also revealed that ""Hellfire Club"" was no longer in development. The following month, it was announced that ""Runaways"" had received a pilot order, along with additional scripts, from the streaming service Hulu, based on the team of the same name. The pilot is written by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, who also serve as executive producers and showrunners. By the end of the month, the division and ABC Studios were developing a half-hour comedy series based on the New Warriors featuring Squirrel Girl, with the series being offered to cable networks and streaming outlets. In

screened in IMAX beginning September 1, 2017, for two weeks, before premiering on ABC on September 29. In May 2017, Fox ordered the Matt Nix TV series, now titled ""The Gifted"", to series, and FXX placed a series order for an animated series based on Deadpool, which will be co-produced by Marvel Television, FX Productions and ABC Signature Studios. Donald Glover and his brother Stephen Glover would serve as showrunners, executive producers and writers for the series. In August 2017, senior vice president of original programming Karim Zreik indicated that Marvel Television was working with ABC on a """"Jessica Jones""-esque""

female-focused show. By November 2017, Disney was developing a Marvel series specifically for release on its new Disney+ streaming service, which it planned to launch before the end of 2019. By March 2018, the Deadpool series was no longer in development. In May 2018, ABC cancelled ""Inhumans"" after one season. By September, Allan Heinberg began developing a Marvel series for ABC about female superheroes. In October, Netflix cancelled both ""Iron Fist"" and ""Luke Cage"", each after two seasons, followed by the cancellation of ""Daredevil"" in November after three seasons. All series are part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe unless otherwise

as the lead character. In May 2016, ABC cancelled ""Agent Carter"" and passed on the pilot for ""Most Wanted"". In July 2016, Fox and Marvel announced a put pilot order for an untitled series developed by Matt Nix. The series, which will be produced by 20th Century Fox and Marvel, with 20th Century Fox handling physical production, focuses on two ordinary parents who discover their children possess mutant powers, forcing them to run from the government and join an underground network of mutants. Nix will serve as an executive producer along with Bryan Singer, Lauren Shuler Donner, Simon Kinberg, Loeb

Peggy Carter, with ""Deadline"" reporting it was one of several series in development at Marvel. By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. In November 2013, it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live-action series starting in 2015, based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Responding to the Netflix announcement, Disney CEO Bob Iger said that Daredevil, Luke Cage, Iron Fist

"Marvel Cinematic Universe"
audience is aware that, yeah, it's funny [too]."" In May 2016, after ABC had canceled ""Agent Carter"" and passed on ""Marvel's Most Wanted"", ABC Entertainment president Channing Dungey said that Marvel and ABC were working together, looking ""at series that would be beneficial to both brands"" moving forward. In November 2016, Marvel and IMAX Corporation announced ""Marvel's Inhumans"", based on the species of the same name, after a planned film based on the characters had been removed from Marvel Studios' slate. The first two episodes of the series were set to premiere in IMAX theaters in September 2017 for two

Most Wanted"", with a pilot order. Bell and Zbyszewski once again developed the series, while also serving as co-writers of the pilot, executive producers, and showrunners, with Loeb also attached as executive producer. The series would still focus on Morse and Hunter, with Palicki and Blood both attached, but is no longer intended to be a true spin-off of ""Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D."" as previously believed, instead ""being described as a new take focusing on the same duo and their continuing adventures."" At the end of August 2015, Marvel Entertainment's film subsidiary Marvel Studios was integrated into The Walt Disney Studios,

trying to close the gap between releases of Marvel seasons, but would always prioritize the quality of the series over higher numbers of releases per year. He also said that Netflix was open to exploring the MCU beyond the ""Defenders"" series, including potential crossovers with ABC's Marvel series. In July 2016, Marvel and Netflix committed to complete production on 135 episodes by the end of 2017, making the deal the largest television production commitment in New York State. Production for the different series had engaged 500 local vendors and small businesses for various stages of development, and had required over

pilot, FX had ordered several scripts and that it would not take place in the established ""X-Men"" film universe but in a parallel universe instead. Should the series be picked up, it would consist of 10 episodes and is expected to air in 2016. In April 2016, the ABC-owned network Freeform greenlit ""Cloak & Dagger"" with a straight-to-series order as Marvel's first work with ABC Signature. The series, which is set in the MCU, premiered in 2018. At the end of the month, Marvel and Netflix officially picked up the series, ""The Punisher"", with Bernthal attached to reprise his role

reference.com game summary. Source: Super Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super

Super Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super Bowl and the World

"Denver Broncos"
John Fox as the team's 14th head coach. Fox previously served as the Carolina Panthers' head coach from 2002 to 2010. Following a 1–4 start to the 2011 season, Tim Tebow replaced Kyle Orton as the Broncos' starting quarterback, and led the Broncos to an 8–8 record and the team's first playoff berth and division title since 2005. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wild Card round on a memorable 80-yard touchdown pass from Tebow to wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on the first play of overtime, setting a record for the fastest overtime in NFL history. However, the

the AFC's No. 1 seed in 2013. In the 2013 playoffs, the Broncos defeated the San Diego Chargers in the Divisional round and the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship. However, the Broncos were soundly defeated by the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII by a score of 43–8, the Broncos' first Super Bowl berth since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998. Prior to the start of the 2014 season, the Broncos announced that Pat Bowlen, the team's owner since 1984, relinquished control of the team due to his battle with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in team president

overcoming a severe migraine headache that caused him blurred vision. The Broncos repeated as Super Bowl champions the following season, defeating the Atlanta Falcons (led by Elway's longtime head coach Dan Reeves) in Super Bowl XXXIII, 34–19. Elway was named Super Bowl MVP, completing 18 of 29 passes for 336 yards, with an 80-yard touchdown to wide receiver Rod Smith and one interception. John Elway retired following the 1998 season, and Brian Griese started at quarterback for the next four seasons. After a 6–10 record in 1999, the Broncos recovered in 2000, earning a Wild Card playoff berth, but losing

blue jerseys. The team initially did not wear the white pants with the orange side stripes, until a November 1, 2015 game vs. the Green Bay Packers, in which the Broncos wore said design in order to match the uniform ensemble that was used during the team's Super Bowl XXXII win over the Packers. As the designated home team in Super Bowl 50, the Broncos — who have an 0–4 Super Bowl record when using their standard orange jerseys — chose to wear their white jerseys as the designated ""home"" team. In , the Broncos' unveiled a new ""Color Rush""

the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, 27–13, denying New England from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The Broncos' playoff run came to an end next week, after losing at home to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship game, 34–17. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. The Broncos' defense began the first five games of the 2006 season allowing only one touchdown—an NFL record, but struggled down the season stretch. Plummer led the team to a 7–2 record, only to struggle and be replaced by rookie quarterback

No. 1 in the NFL during the 2015 season. The Broncos finished with a 12–4 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed, despite Peyton Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in and backup quarterback Brock Osweiler starting the last six games of the regular season due to Manning suffering from a foot injury. Manning led the Broncos throughout the playoffs. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional Round, the New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship, and defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50—the Broncos' third

2006 game was the Broncos' first playoff win since Elway's retirement after the 1998 season. The game was also notable for Champ Bailey's 100-yard interception that resulted in a touchdown-saving tackle by Benjamin Watson at the 1-yard line. On October 11, 2009, the two teams met with former Patriots' offensive coordinator, Josh McDaniels as the Broncos' head coach. Both teams wore their AFL 50th anniversary jerseys. The game featured a 98-yard drive in the fourth quarter, with a game-tying touchdown pass from Kyle Orton to Brandon Marshall, followed by an overtime drive led by Orton that resulted in a 41-yard

Bowl championships ( (XXXII), (XXXIII), (50)). However, the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses (5) with the New England Patriots. They have eight players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame: John Elway, Floyd Little, Shannon Sharpe, Gary Zimmerman, Willie Brown, Tony Dorsett, Terrell Davis, and Brian Dawkins. The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14, 1959, when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League (AFL) charter franchise. The Broncos won the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13–10, on September 9, 1960. On August 5, 1967, they became the

"Second Bank of the United States"
of the United States, the Second Bank was chartered by President James Madison in 1816 and began operations at its main branch in Philadelphia on January 7, 1817, managing twenty-five branch offices nationwide by 1832. The efforts to renew the bank's charter put the institution at the center of the general election of 1832, in which the bank's president Nicholas Biddle and pro-bank National Republicans led by Henry Clay clashed with the ""hard-money"" Andrew Jackson administration and eastern banking interests in the Bank War. Failing to secure recharter, the Second Bank of the United States became a private corporation in

including a protective tariff, internal improvements and the revival of a Bank of the United States Southern and western support for the bank, led by Republican nationalists John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky was decisive in the successful chartering effort. The charter was signed into law by James Madison on April 10, 1816. Subsequent efforts by Calhoun and Clay to earmark the bank's $1.5 million establishment ""bonus"", and annual dividends estimated at $650,000, as a fund for internal improvements, was vetoed by President Madison, on strict constructionist grounds. Opposition to the bank's revival emanated from

Second Bank of the United States The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836. The bank's formal name, according to section 9 of its charter as passed by Congress, was ""The President, Directors, and Company, of the Bank of the United States."" A private corporation with public duties, the bank handled all fiscal transactions for the U.S. Government, and was accountable to Congress and the U.S. Treasury. Twenty percent of its capital was owned by

bank was in general disrepute among most Americans when Nicholas Biddle, the third and last president of the bank, was appointed by President James Monroe in 1823. Under Biddle's guidance, the BUS evolved into a powerful banking institution that produced a strong and sound system of national credit and currency. From 1823 to 1833, Biddle expanded credit steadily, but with restraint, in a manner that served the needs of the expanding American economy. Albert Gallatin, former Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, wrote in 1831 that the BUS was fulfilling its charter expectations. By the time

two interests. Old Republicans, represented by John Taylor of Caroline and John Randolph of Roanoke characterized the Second Bank of the United States as both constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism, state sovereignty and the institution of slavery, expressed by Taylor's statement that ""...if Congress could incorporate a bank, it might emancipate a slave"". Hostile to the regulatory effects of the central bank, private banks—proliferating with or without state charters—had scuttled rechartering of the first BUS in 1811. These interests played significant roles in undermining the institution during the administration of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (1829–1837). The

1836, and underwent liquidation in 1841. The political support for the revival of a national banking system was rooted in the early 19th century transformation of the country from simple Jeffersonian agrarianism towards one interdependent with industrialization and finance. In the aftermath of the War of 1812 the federal government suffered from the disarray of an unregulated currency and a lack of fiscal order; business interests sought security for their government bonds. A national alliance arose to legislate a central bank to address these needs. The political climate—dubbed the Era of Good Feelings—favored the development of national programs and institutions,

constitutional legitimacy. Both houses of Congress responded with committee investigations and reports affirming the historical precedents for the bank's constitutionality and its pivotal role in furnishing a uniform currency. Jackson rejected these findings, and privately characterized the bank as a corrupt institution, dangerous to American liberties. Biddle made repeated overtures to Jackson and his cabinet to secure a compromise on the bank's rechartering (its term due to expire in 1836) without success. Jackson and the anti-bank forces persisted in their condemnation of the BUS, provoking an early recharter campaign by pro-bank National Republicans under Henry Clay. Clay's political ultimatum to

barred from acting as officials in other banks. Two of the three BUS presidents, William Jones and Nicholas Biddle, were chosen from among these government directors. Headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the bank was authorized to establish branch offices where it deemed suitable and these were immune from state taxation. The primary regulatory task of the Second Bank of the United States, as chartered by Congress in 1816, was to restrain the uninhibited proliferation of paper money (bank notes) by state or private lenders, which was highly profitable to these institutions. In this capacity, the bank would preside over this democratization

financial crisis that was initially blamed on Jackson's executive action. By 1834, a general backlash against Biddle's tactics developed, ending the panic and all recharter efforts were abandoned. In February 1836, the bank became a private corporation under the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania law. A shortage of hard currency ensued, causing the Panic of 1837 and lasting approximately seven years. The Bank suspended payment in 1839 and was liquidated in 1841. The bank maintained the following branches. Listed is the year each branch opened. The Second Bank of the United States was America's central bank, comparable to the Bank of England

"Nicholas Biddle (banker)"
Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Attribution: Nicholas Biddle (banker) Nicholas Biddle (January 8, 1786 – February 27, 1844) was an American financier who served as the third and last president of the Second Bank of the United States (chartered 1816–1836). He also served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly. He is best known for his role in the Bank War. A member of the prominent Biddle family of Philadelphia, Nicholas Biddle worked for prominent officials such as John Armstrong Jr. and James Monroe in his youth. After returning to Philadelphia, he won election to the state legislature.

"Fluorine deficiency"
fluoride is incorporated into their developing enamel. This in turn causes their teeth to become less prone to decay. Therefore, a relationship can be formulated, in that the more fluoride entering the body, the overall decline in the rate of decay. Fluorine is the 13th most aboundant element in the Earth's crust. The ionic form of fluorine is called fluoride. Fluoride is most commonly found as inorganic or organic fluorides such as naturally occurring calcium fluoride or synthetic sodium fluoride. There are a number of sources of fluoride, these include: In Australia fluoride occurs naturally within water supplies, at a

"Tooth enamel"
Fluoride can be found in many locations naturally, such as the ocean and other water sources. The recommended dosage of fluoride in drinking water depends on air temperature. Fluoride catalyzes the diffusion of calcium and phosphate into the tooth surface, which in turn remineralizes the crystalline structures in a dental cavity. The remineralized tooth surfaces contain fluoridated hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, which resist acid attack much better than the original tooth did. Fluoride therapy is used to help prevent dental decay. Fluoride ion, as an antimicrobial, may activate bacteria fluoride-induced genes associated with fluoride riboswitches. The combination of fluoride ion and

while positive, is small. Disputes over the essentiality of fluorine date back to the 19th century, when fluorine was observed in teeth and bones. In 1973 a trial found reduced reproduction in mice fed fluorine-deficient diets, but a subsequent investigation determined that this was due to reduced iron absorption. Fluoride has proven to be an essential element with preventative and protective properties. Fluoride is capable of combating and working against tooth decay and increases resistance to the ""demineralisation of tooth enamel during attack by acidic bacterias"". While essential for all individuals, it is significant for children, as when ingested, the

fluoride poisoning has given rise to some controversy. Fluorine is not considered to be an essential nutrient, but the importance of fluorides for preventing tooth decay is well-recognized, although the effect is predominantly topical. Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be largely systemic and preeruptive, requiring ingestion. Fluoride is considered essential in the development and maintenance of teeth by the American Dental Hygienists' Association. Fluoride is also essential as it incorporates into the teeth to form and harden teeth enamels so that the teeth are more acid resistant as well as more resistant to cavity forming

"Dental fluorosis"
score is based on the most severe form of fluorosis found on two or more teeth. Proposed by Thylstrup and Fejerskov in 1978, the TF index represents a logical extension of Dean's index, incorporating modern understanding of the underlying pathology of fluorosis. It scores the spectrum of fluorotic changes in enamel from 0 to 9, allowing more precise definition of mild and severe cases. Dental fluorosis is caused by a higher than normal amount of fluoride ingestion whilst teeth are forming. Primary dentine fluorosis and enamel fluorosis can only happen during tooth formation, so fluoride exposure occurs in childhood. Enamel

fluorosis has a white opaque appearance which is due to the surface of the enamel being hypomineralised. The most superficial concern in dental fluorosis is aesthetic changes in the permanent dentition (the adult teeth). The period when these teeth are at highest risk of developing fluorosis is between when the child is born up to 6 years old, though there has been some research which proposes that the most crucial course is during the first 2 years of the child's life. From roughly 7 years old thereafter, most children's permanent teeth would have undergone complete development (except their wisdom teeth),

Toothpaste
States has 1,000 to 1,100 parts per million fluoride. In European countries, such as the UK or Greece, the fluoride content is often higher; a NaF content of 0.312% w/w (1,450 ppm fluoride) is common. All of these concentrations are likely to prevent tooth decay, according to a 2010 Cochrane review. Concentrations below 1,000 ppm are not likely to be preventive, and the preventive effect increases with concentration. Clinical trials support the use of high fluoride dentifrices, as it was found to reduce the amount of plaque accumulated, decrease the number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and possibly promote calcium

Fluorine
Population studies from the mid-20th century onwards show topical fluoride reduces dental caries. This was first attributed to the conversion of tooth enamel hydroxyapatite into the more durable fluorapatite, but studies on pre-fluoridated teeth refuted this hypothesis, and current theories involve fluoride aiding enamel growth in small caries. After studies of children in areas where fluoride was naturally present in drinking water, controlled public water supply fluoridation to fight tooth decay began in the 1940s and is now applied to water supplying 6 percent of the global population, including two-thirds of Americans. Reviews of the scholarly literature in 2000 and

"Sodium fluoride"
(NaHF). Heating the latter releases HF and gives NaF. In a 1986 report, the annual worldwide consumption of NaF was estimated to be several million tonnes. Fluoride salts are often added to municipal drinking water (as well as certain food products in some countries) for the purposes of maintaining dental health. The fluoride enhances the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel. Although sodium fluoride is used to fluoridate water and, indeed, is the standard by which other water-fluoridation compounds are gauged, hexafluorosilicic acid (HSiF) and its salt sodium hexafluorosilicate (NaSiF) are

Fluoride
dental fluorosis, the upper limit of fluoride is set at 10 mg/day regardless of weight. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Dietary Reference Intakes, which is the ""highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects"" specify 10 mg/day for most people, corresponding to 10 L of fluoridated water with no risk. For infants and young children the values are smaller, ranging from 0.7 mg/d for infants to 2.2 mg/d. Water and food sources of fluoride include community water fluoridation, seafood, tea, and gelatin. Soluble fluoride salts, of which sodium

"As You Like It"
in a serene pastoral setting, has been found, by many directors, to be especially effective staged outdoors in a park or similar site. There is no certain record of any performance before the Restoration. Evidence suggests that the premiere may have taken place at Richmond Palace on 20 Feb 1599, enacted by the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Another possible performance may have taken place at Wilton House in Wiltshire, the country seat of the Earls of Pembroke. William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke hosted James I and his Court at Wilton House from October to December 1603, while Jacobean London was

is based on the ""Seven Ages of Man"" element of the ""All the world's a stage"" speech and was premiered in April 2016. As You Like It As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 and first published in the First Folio in 1623. The play's first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. ""As You Like It"" follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncle's court, accompanied by her cousin Celia to find safety and, eventually,

As You Like It As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 and first published in the First Folio in 1623. The play's first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. ""As You Like It"" follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncle's court, accompanied by her cousin Celia to find safety and, eventually, love, in the Forest of Arden. In the forest, they encounter a variety of memorable characters, notably the melancholy traveller Jaques who speaks

suffering an epidemic of bubonic plague. The King's Men were paid £30 to come to Wilton House and perform for the King and Court on 2 December 1603. A Herbert family tradition holds that the play acted that night was ""As You Like It."" During the English Restoration, the King's Company was assigned the play by royal warrant in 1669. It is known to have been acted at Drury Lane in 1723, in an adapted form called ""Love in a Forest;"" Colley Cibber played Jaques. Another Drury Lane production seventeen years later returned to the Shakespearean text (1740). Notable recent

Ayres"", published in London in 1600 contains a musical setting for the song ""It was a lover and his lass"" from ""As You Like It"". This evidence implies that the play was in existence in some shape or other before 1600. It seems likely this play was written after 1598, since Francis Meres did not mention it in his ""Palladis Tamia"". Although twelve plays are listed in ""Palladis Tamia"", it was an incomplete inventory of Shakespeare's plays to that date (1598). The new Globe Theatre opened some time in the summer of 1599, and tradition has it that the new

""Young"". Donovan set ""Under the Greenwood Tree"" to music and recorded it for ""A Gift from a Flower to a Garden"" in 1968. Michael John Trotta composed a setting of ""Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind"" for choir in 2013. According to the history of radio station WCAL in the US state of Minnesota, ""As You Like It"" may have been the first play ever broadcast. It went over the air in 1922. On 1 March 2015, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a new production directed by Sally Avens with music composed by actor and singer Johnny Flynn of the folk rock

the First Folio among those which ""are not formerly entered to other men."" By means of evidences, external and internal, the date of composition of the play has been approximately fixed at a period between the end of 1598 and the middle of 1599. ""As You Like It"" was entered into the Register of the Stationers' Company on 4 August 1600 as a work which was ""to be stayed"", i.e., not published till the Stationers' Company were satisfied that the publisher in whose name the work was entered was the undisputed owner of the copyright. Thomas Morley's ""First Book of

productions of ""As You Like It"" include the 1936 Old Vic Theatre production starring Edith Evans and the 1961 Shakespeare Memorial Theatre production starring Vanessa Redgrave. The longest running Broadway production starred Katharine Hepburn as Rosalind, Cloris Leachman as Celia, William Prince as Orlando, and Ernest Thesiger as Jaques, and was directed by Michael Benthall. It ran for 145 performances in 1950. Another notable production was at the 2005 Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, which was set in the 1960s and featured Shakespeare's lyrics set to music written by Barenaked Ladies. In 2014, theatre critic Michael Billington said his favourite

piece has been a favourite of famous actors on stage and screen, notably Vanessa Redgrave, Juliet Stevenson, Maggie Smith, Rebecca Hall, Helen Mirren, and Patti LuPone in the role of Rosalind and Alan Rickman, Stephen Spinella, Kevin Kline, Stephen Dillane, and Ellen Burstyn in the role of Jaques. Main Characters: ""The Court of Duke Frederick:"" ""The Household of the deceased Sir Rowland de Boys:"" ""The Exiled Court of Duke Senior in the Forest of Arden:"" ""Country folk in the Forest of Arden:"" ""Other characters:"" The play is set in a duchy in France, but most of the action takes place

band Johnny Flynn and The Sussex Wit. The production included Pippa Nixon as Rosalind, Luke Norris as Orlando, Adrian Scarborough as Touchstone, William Houston as Jaques, Ellie Kendrick as Celia and Jude Akuwudike as Corin. ""As You Like It"" was Laurence Olivier's first Shakespeare film. Olivier, however, served only in an acting capacity (performing the role of Orlando), rather than producing or directing the film. Made in England and released in 1936, ""As You Like It"" also starred director Paul Czinner's wife Elizabeth Bergner, who played Rosalind with a thick German accent. Although it is much less ""Hollywoody"" than the

Chromebook
Chromebook A Chromebook is a laptop or tablet running the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system. The devices are primarily used to perform a variety of tasks using the Google Chrome browser, with most applications and data residing in the cloud rather than on the machine itself. All Chromebooks released since late 2017 can also run Android apps. Some Chromebooks can run Linux apps. The first Chromebooks for sale, by Acer Inc. and Samsung, began shipping on June 15, 2011. In addition to laptop models, a desktop version, called a Chromebox, was introduced in May 2012, and an ""all-in-one""

"Google Chrome"
2014, in beta channel on July 30, 2014, and in stable channel on August 26, 2014. 64-bit OS X builds became available as canary builds on November 7, 2013, in beta channel on October 9, 2014, and in stable channel on November 18, 2014. A beta version for Android 4.0 devices was launched on February 7, 2012, available for a limited number of countries from Google Play. Notable features: synchronization with desktop Chrome to provide the same bookmarks and view the same browser tabs, page pre-rendering, hardware acceleration. Many of the latest HTML5 features: almost all of the Web Platform's

10.7, and 10.8 ended in April 2016 with the release of Chrome 50. Support for OS X 10.9 ended in April 2018 with the release of Chrome 66. Google Chrome was met with acclaim upon release. In 2008, Matthew Moore of ""The Daily Telegraph"" summarized the verdict of early reviewers: ""Google Chrome is attractive, fast and has some impressive new features..."" Initially, Microsoft reportedly played down the threat from Chrome and predicted that most people would embrace Internet Explorer 8. Opera Software said that ""Chrome will strengthen the Web as the biggest application platform in the world"". But by February

incorporating a media player and a file manager. Google announced Chrome OS on July 7, 2009. Chrome is available on Apple's mobile iOS operating system as ""Google Chrome for iOS."" Released in the Apple App Store on June 26, 2012, it supports the iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch, and requires that the device has iOS 10.0 or greater installed. In accordance with Apple's requirements for browsers released through their App Store, this version of Chrome uses the ""iOS WebKit"" which is Apple's own mobile rendering engine and components, developed for their ""Safari"" browser therefore it is restricted from using Google's

"Chromium (web browser)"
4 March 2017, added support for the Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) file format. The remainder of the Chromium releases for 2017 were only bug and security fix updates, with no other significant changes. Chromium 66.0, first released on 20 January 2018, introduced audio muting for all autoplaying video content by default. Chromium 69.0, first released on 19 July 2018 and stable version on 04 September 2018, introduced new material theme as part of 10 years project anniversary. Chromium 71, was first released on 1 September 2018 and resulted in Chrome 71, released on 4 December 2018. This version incorporated

laptops running the Microsoft Windows operating system. That complaint dissipated later in reviews of machines from Acer and Samsung that were priced lower. In February 2013, Google announced and began shipping the Chromebook Pixel, a higher-spec machine with a high-end price tag. In January 2015, Acer announced the first big screen Chromebook, the Acer Chromebook 15 with an FHD 15.6-inch display. Besides laptops, other devices run Chrome OS, as well. A desktop version, called a Chromebox, was introduced in May 2012. The Chromebase, an ""all-in-one"" device, was introduced in January 2014 by LG Electronics. In March 2018, Acer and Google

at ""build"" 2311 with release 42.0.2311.4 on February 24, 4 days later. The first Stable release, 42.0.2311.90, was April 14, 2015, 53 days after the Branch Point. Chrome supports color management by using the system-provided ICC v2 and v4 support on macOS, and from version 22 supports ICC v2 profiles by default on other platforms. In Chrome, when not connected to the Internet and an error message displaying ""There is no Internet"" is shown, on the top, an ""8-bit"" ""Tyrannosaurus rex"" is shown, but when pressing the space bar on a keyboard, mouse-clicking on it or tapping it on touch

Google Chrome Google Chrome (commonly known simply as Chrome) is a freeware web browser developed by Google LLC. It was first released on September 2, 2008 for Microsoft Windows, and was later ported to Linux, macOS, iOS and Android. Google Chrome is also the main component of Chrome OS, where it serves as a platform for running web apps. Google releases the majority of Chrome's source code as the Chromium open-source project; however, Chrome itself is proprietary software. One component that is not open-source is the built-in Adobe Flash Player (that Chrome has disabled by default since September 2016). Chrome

Google, Samsung released the Chromebook Plus and Chromebook Pro in early 2017, the first Chromebooks to come with the Play Store pre-installed. A February 2017 review in ""The Verge"" reported that the Plus with its ARM processor handled Android apps ""much better"" than the Intel-based Pro, but said that ""Android apps on Chrome OS are still in beta"" and are ""very much [an] unfinished experience."" The number of Chrome OS systems supporting Android apps in either the stable or beta channel is increasing. In May 2018, Google announced it would make Linux desktop apps available on Chromebooks via a Virtual

developer control over touch input, new JavaScript features, an unprefixed Shadow DOM, some new apps and extension APIs, plus stability and performance enhancements. Chromium 36.0 was released on 31 March 2014, with the initial release version 36.0.1917.0. This development cycle resulted in the release of Chrome 36.0.1985.125 on 16 July 2014. The release included improvements to notifications, a new incognito and guest NTP design, a new crash recovery bubble, an application launcher for Linux, improvements to stability and performance and 26 security fixes. Chromium 37.0 was released on 11 May 2014, with the initial release version 37.0.1986.0. This development cycle

Delhi
cities have been discovered in Delhi. The first five cities were in the southern part of present-day Delhi. King Anang Pal of the Tomara dynasty founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736. Prithviraj Chauhan conquered Lal Kot in 1178 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The king Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in 1192 by Muhammad Ghori, a Muslim invader from Afghanistan, who made a concerted effort to conquer northern India. By 1200, native Hindu resistance had begun to crumble, the dominance of foreign Turkic Muslim dynasties in north India was to last for the next five centuries. The

Delhi
was probably inhabited before the second millennium BCE and there is evidence of continuous inhabitation since at least the 6th century BCE. The city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic ""Mahabharata"". According to the Mahabharata, this land was initially a huge mass of forests called 'Khandavaprastha' which was burnt down to build the city of Indraprastha. The earliest architectural relics date back to the Maurya period (c. 300 BCE); in 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (273–235 BCE) was discovered near Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight major

"History of Delhi"
and transplanted to Delhi during the 10th century. In 1398, Timur Lang invaded India on the pretext that the Muslim sultans of Delhi were too tolerant of their Hindu subjects. After defeating the armies of Nasiruddin Mahmud of Tughlaq dynasty, on 15 December 1398, Timur entered Delhi on 18 December 1398, and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, and over 100,000 war prisoners were killed as well. In 1526, following the First Battle of Panipat, Zahiruddin Babur, the former ruler of Fergana, defeated the last Afghan Lodi sultan and founded the Mughal dynasty which ruled from Delhi,

Agra and Lahore. In the mid-16th century there was an interruption in the Mughal rule of India as Sher Shah Suri defeated Babur's son Humayun and forced him to flee to Persia. Sher Shah Suri built the sixth city of Delhi, as well as the old fort known as Purana Qila, even though this city was settled since the ancient era. After Sher Shah Suri’s death in 1545, his son Islam Shah took the reins of north India from Delhi. Islam Shah ruled from Delhi till 1553 when Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, became the Prime Minister

History of Delhi The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest-serving capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is

Delhi
founded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra. The Mughal dynasty ruled Delhi for more than three centuries, with a sixteen-year hiatus during the reigns of Sher Shah Suri and Hemu from 1540 to 1556. In 1553, the Hindu king Hemu acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and Delhi. However, the Mughals re-established their rule after Akbar's army defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name ""Shahjahanabad"", which served as the capital of the Mughal

Pithora. The Chauhan king Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by Muhammad Ghori. From 1206, Delhi became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate under the Slave Dynasty. The first Sultan of Delhi, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a former slave who rose through the ranks to become a general, a governor and then Sultan of Delhi. Qutb-ud-din started the construction of the Qutub Minar, a recognisable symbol of Delhi, to commemorate his victory but died before its completion. In the Qutb complex he also constructed the Quwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam), which is the earliest extant mosque in India. He was said to

rest are not officially identified as Cities of Delhi because of some specific reasons. Significant prehistoric sites in Delhi include Anangpur (in the Badarpur region), as well as Harappan excavations near Narela and Nand Nagari. References to Delhi's history in ancient literature are based on myths and legends. According to the Hindu epic Mahabharata, a city called Indraprastha, “""City of the God Indra""”, was the capital of the Pandavas. There is a strong belief that Purana Qila was built over the site of ancient Indraprastha. Northern Black Polished Ware (c. 700-200 BCE) have been excavated at the site, and pieces

mid-17th century, the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) built the city that sometimes bears his name Shahjahanabad, the seventh city of Delhi that is more commonly known as the old city or old Delhi. This city contains a number of significant architectural features, including the Red Fort (""Lal Qila"") and the Jama Masjid. The old city served as the capital of the later Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards, when Shah Jahan transferred the capital back from Agra. Aurangzeb (1658–1707) crowned himself as emperor in Delhi in 1658 at the Shalimar garden ('Aizzabad-Bagh) with a second coronation in 1659. After 1680,

and Chief of Army of Adil Shah. Hem Chandra fought and won 22 battles in all against rebels and twice against Akbar's army in Agra and Delhi, without losing any. After defeating Akbar's army on 7 October 1556 at Tughlakabad fort area in Battle of Delhi (1556), Hemu acceded to Delhi throne and established Hindu Raj in North India for a brief period, and was bestowed with the title 'Vikramaditya', at his coronation in Purana Quila, Delhi. The third and greatest Mughal emperor, Akbar, moved the capital to Agra, resulting in a decline in the fortunes of Delhi. In the

"Tinker Air Force Base"
Air Force assets(governed by 10 USC 2667). Tinker Air Force Base is named in honor of Major General Clarence L. Tinker. An Osage from Pawhuska, Oklahoma, he received his wings in 1921. He was a graduate of Wentworth Military Academy who went on to become the first major general of Native American descent in U.S. Army history. In 1926 he was awarded the Soldier's Medal for returning to his blazing aircraft to rescue a fellow officer. On 7 June 1942, he led a flight of B-24 Liberators on a long-range strike against Japanese forces on Wake Island during World War

"Harvey Weir Cook"
submarine. While hunting for the submarine, Cook misjudged his altitude because of cloudy weather and struck the side of a mountain (Ouassio Hill) crashing to his death. He is buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Section O, Grave 440. In his honor, the Indianapolis Municipal Airport was renamed Weir Cook Municipal Airport and in 1944 a Liberty ship was named H. Weir Cook. In 1976, Weir Cook Municipal Airport was renamed Indianapolis International Airport, but due to the outcry by veterans' groups, the newly constructed terminal building of the airport was named after him on October

"Frederick Detrick"
Frederick Detrick Major Fredrick Louis Detrick, MD (April 21, 1889 in New Market, Maryland – June 3, 1931 in Baltimore, Maryland), was a U.S. Army physician, flight surgeon and pilot. He is the namesake of Fort Detrick, Maryland (formerly, Detrick Field and Camp Detrick). Detrick, who was a teaching surgeon on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, served in France during the First World War and was a member of the Maryland National Guard when he died of a heart attack in 1931. Although born in Frederick County, Maryland, where his family had lived for five generations,

"Irvin “Kip” Kipper"
Irvin “Kip” Kipper Irvin S. ""Kip"" Kipper, (November 13, 1916 – April 21, 2016) was an American Air Force bomber pilot, prisoner of war, and the founder and namesake of Kip's Toyland, the oldest toy store in Los Angeles, located in the Farmer's Market since 1945. Irvin Kipper was born in Fort Worth, Texas, on November 13, 1916, and his family moved to Los Angeles in 1920. In 1944, he enlisted in the US Army Air Corps, ultimately becoming an officer and pilot of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress during World War II. While flying in Europe, Kipper named his

Tinker Air Force Base Tinker Air Force Base is a major United States Air Force base, with tenant U.S. Navy and other Department of Defense missions, located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The base, originally known as the Midwest Air Depot, is named in honor of Oklahoma native Major General Clarence L. Tinker, the first Native American Major General. Tinker is the headquarters of the Air Force Materiel Command's (AFMC) Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center (OC-ALC), which is the worldwide manager for a wide range of aircraft, engines, missiles, software and avionics and accessories components. The commander of Air Force Sustainment

"Clarence L. Tinker"
Clarence L. Tinker Major General Clarence Leonard Tinker (21 November 1887 – 7 June 1942) (Osage) was a career United States Army officer, the highest ranking Native-American officer and the first to reach that rank. During World War II, he had been assigned as Commander of the Seventh Air Force in Hawaii to reorganize the air defenses. He flew to lead a force during the Battle of Midway in June 1942; his plane went out of control and was lost in the ocean. He was the first general to be killed in the war. Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma

"Carl Ben Eielson"
National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio. In 1997, Carl Ben Eielson was a recipient of the state of North Dakota's Roughrider Award. Carl Ben Eielson Carl Benjamin ""Ben"" Eielson (July 20, 1897 – November 9, 1929) was an American aviator, bush pilot and explorer. Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska is named in his honor. Carl Ben Eielson was born in Hatton, North Dakota to Norwegian immigrant parents. His interest in aviation went back to his childhood. Following America's entry into World War I, Eielson found his chance to become an aviator. Eielson learned to fly in the

"Arthur Bluethenthal"
he replied, 'Conceit it may be, but I've always taken serving France so seriously that I hardly ever want to talk about it.' Bluethenthal's remains were repatriated to the United States in 1921. He was buried in Oakdale Cemetery in Wilmington. His grave marker includes the squadron insignia of the Lafayette Escadrille which—unusual for a Jewish cemetery—bears a swastika on the headband. The airport in Wilmington, North Carolina, was named Bluethenthal Field on Memorial Day, May 30, 1928, in his honor. Bluethenthal was Jewish, and was a member of Wilmington's Temple of Israel, the first synagogue in North Carolina. Arthur

"Ernest Emery Harmon"
Ernest Emery Harmon Captain Ernest Emery Harmon, Army Air Corps (February 8, 1893, Fort Worth, Texas - August 27, 1933, Stamford, Connecticut) was an aviation pioneer. Lesser known than many of the major figures of early flight, his significant contributions during the golden age of aviation (aka the interwar years) resulted, by an act of Congress (June 23, 1948), in the naming of Ernest Harmon Air Force Base in his honor. Dedication ceremonies occurred on August 13, 1949, at the base in Stephenville, Newfoundland. Harmon earned his wings in May 1918 at Gerstner Field, Louisiana, where he went on to

"Harl Pease"
Harl Pease Harl Pease, Jr., (April 10, 1917 – October 8, 1942) was a United States Army Air Corps officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest award, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during World War II. He was the namesake for Pease Air Force Base, now Pease Air National Guard Base. Harl Pease, born and raised in Plymouth, New Hampshire, enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1939 after graduating from the University of New Hampshire the same year with a degree in business administration and becoming a brother of Theta Chi Fraternity. He was

Winnie-the-Pooh
the fact that her owner had come from Winnipeg, Canada. The book was published in October 1926 by the publisher of Milne's earlier children's work, Methuen, in England, E. P. Dutton in the United States, and McClelland & Stewart in Canada. In the Milne books, Pooh is naive and slow-witted, but he is also friendly, thoughtful, and steadfast. Although he and his friends agree that he ""has no Brain"", Pooh is occasionally acknowledged to have a clever idea, usually driven by common sense. These include riding in Christopher Robin's umbrella to rescue Piglet from a flood, discovering ""the North Pole""

close to Cotchford Farm. The wooden bridge is now a tourist attraction, and it has become traditional to play the game there using sticks gathered in nearby woodland. When the footbridge recently had to be replaced, the engineer designed a new structure based closely on the drawings of the bridge by Shepard in the books, which were somewhat different than the original structure. Christopher Robin's teddy bear, Edward, made his character début in A. A. Milne's poem, ""Teddy Bear"", in the edition of 13 February 1924 of ""Punch"", and the same poem was published in Milne's book of children's verse

Winnie-the-Pooh Winnie-the-Pooh, also called Pooh Bear, is a fictional anthropomorphic teddy bear created by English author A. A. Milne. The first collection of stories about the character was the book ""Winnie-the-Pooh"" (1926), and this was followed by ""The House at Pooh Corner"" (1928). Milne also included a poem about the bear in the children's verse book ""When We Were Very Young"" (1924) and many more in ""Now We Are Six"" (1927). All four volumes were illustrated by E. H. Shepard. The Pooh stories have been translated into many languages, including Alexander Lenard's Latin translation, ""Winnie ille Pu"", which was first

visits the other animals, often looking for a snack or an audience for his poetry as much as for companionship. His kind-heartedness means he goes out of his way to be friendly to Eeyore, visiting him and bringing him a birthday present and building him a house, despite receiving mostly disdain from Eeyore in return. An authorised sequel ""Return to the Hundred Acre Wood"" was published on 5 October 2009. The author, David Benedictus, has developed, but not changed, Milne's characterisations. The illustrations, by Mark Burgess, are in the style of Shepard. Another authorised sequel, ""The Best Bear in All

""When We Were Very Young"" (6 November 1924). Winnie-the-Pooh first appeared by name on 24 December 1925, in a Christmas story commissioned and published by the London newspaper ""The Evening News"". It was illustrated by J. H. Dowd. The first collection of Pooh stories appeared in the book ""Winnie-the-Pooh"". The ""Evening News"" Christmas story reappeared as the first chapter of the book. At the beginning, it explained that Pooh was in fact Christopher Robin's Edward Bear, who had been renamed by the boy. He was renamed after a black bear at London Zoo called Winnie who got her name from

London. In 1925 Milne, a Londoner, bought a country home a mile to the north of the forest at Cotchford Farm, near Hartfield. According to Christopher Milne, while his father continued to live in London ""...the four of us – he, his wife, his son and his son's nanny – would pile into a large blue, chauffeur-driven Fiat and travel down every Saturday morning and back again every Monday afternoon. And we would spend a whole glorious month there in the spring and two months in the summer."" From the front lawn the family had a view across a meadow

books, finishing the second little over three years after his arrival"". Many locations in the stories can be associated with real places in and around the forest. As Christopher Milne wrote in his autobiography: ""Pooh’s forest and Ashdown Forest are identical"". For example, the fictional ""Hundred Acre Wood"" was in reality Five Hundred Acre Wood; Galleon's Leap was inspired by the prominent hilltop of Gill's Lap, while a clump of trees just north of Gill's Lap became Christopher Robin's ""The Enchanted Place"" because no-one had ever been able to count whether there were sixty-three or sixty-four trees in the circle.

"The Book of Pooh"
is produced by Shadow Projects and Playhouse Disney. Walt Disney Pictures released the first of two films, a direct-to-video spin-off film based on the puppetry television series titled """" in 2001. In 2011, Relient K re-recorded the theme song for the show for Disney Junior - Live on Stage! The series appears to take place some time after the events of Milne's original stories since his son Christopher Robin Milne is clearly a sixth grader and 11 years old. The series departs from many of the established facts of Milne's books; for example, Tigger resides in the Hundred Acre Wood

published in 1958, and, in 1960, became the only Latin book ever to have been featured on ""The New York Times"" Best Seller list. Hyphens in the character's name were omitted by Disney when the company adapted the Pooh stories into a series of features that would eventually become one of its most successful franchises. In popular film adaptations, Pooh has been voiced by actors Sterling Holloway, Hal Smith, and Jim Cummings in English, and Yevgeny Leonov in Russian. A. A. Milne named the character Winnie-the-Pooh after a teddy bear owned by his son, Christopher Robin Milne, on whom the

"Winnie-the-Pooh (book)"
the character from The Royal Literary Fund, whom the estate of Milne had sold the rights to. The $350M purchase gave Disney full rights to the franchise until copyright expires in 2026. Winnie-the-Pooh (book) Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) is the first volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, written by A. A. Milne and illustrated by E. H. Shepard. It is followed by ""The House at Pooh Corner"". The book focuses on the adventures of a teddy bear called Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends Piglet, a small toy pig; Eeyore, a toy donkey; Owl, a live owl; and Rabbit, a live rabbit. The characters of

"Game of Thrones (season 8)"
Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series ""Game of Thrones"" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series and will also adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, ""The Winds of Winter"" and ""A

be the last time that we would be doing this"". In an interview with ""Entertainment Weekly"", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be ""six one-hour movies"" on television. He continued, ""The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental."" Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer

Dream of Spring"". The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. The season is scheduled to premiere in April 2019. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series ""Game of Thrones"" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series; it will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels

episodes, stating that after season six, they were ""down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap."" Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14-month time frame, as Weiss said, ""It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule."" HBO confirmed in July 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Benioff and Weiss later confirmed that the eighth season will consist

"Game of Thrones (season 7)"
The penultimate season focuses primarily on the convergence of the show's main plotlines in preparation for the final season. Daenerys Targaryen arrives in Westeros with her army and three dragons and wages war against the Lannisters. Jon Snow forges an alliance with Daenerys in an attempt to unite their forces against the White Walker army, the two falling in love in the process. Arya and Bran return to Winterfell and reunite with their sister Sansa. At the end of the season, the Army of the Dead breaches the Wall (with the help of a reanimated wight dragon) and finally enters

"The Walking Dead: The Final Season"
could revisit the franchise through other characters. On September 21, 2018, Telltale announced they were undergoing a ""majority studio closure"", laying off nearly all staff and leaving only 25 to complete the studio's remaining obligations. The state of ""The Final Season"" is unknown, though other planned studio projects were cancelled. The second episode was still released on September 25, 2018, but the fate of the remaining episodes is unknown. Telltale stated on September 24, 2018, that the studio has been approached by ""multiple potential partners"" that want to help bring these two episodes to completion in some manner. Until they

"The End (Grimm)"
season would be the last of the series and that the premiere date would be at January 6, 2017 an hour earlier than the given 9:00 p.m. timeslot with uninterrupted episodes and the finale set to be broadcast on March 31, 2017. The writers commented on the final season, ""The fact that we got this concept going and we were able to actually explore all these psychological motivations dealing with history, mythology and fairy tales and dealing with religion and belief and all those things that you can't do on a regular show, and just have it come full circle,

Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series ""Game of Thrones"" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.

to premiere in April 2019. Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season. On December 6, 2018, HBO released the first official teaser trailer for the eighth season. Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series ""Game of Thrones"" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found

on-demand viewing for one hour before being removed. Data from piracy monitoring firm MUSO indicates that season seven was pirated more than one billion times mostly by unauthorized streaming, with torrent and direct downloads accounting for about 15 percent of this piracy. On average, each episode is estimated to have been pirated 140 million times, making ""Game of Thrones"" the most-pirated television series in 2017. Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series ""Game of Thrones"" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons

"Riverdale (2017 TV series)"
Consuelos as Hermione and Hiram Lodge, and Skeet Ulrich as FP Jones. The series debuted on January 26, 2017 to positive reviews. A 22-episode second season premiered on October 11, 2017, and concluded on May 16, 2018. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 10, 2018. The series follows Archie Andrews' life in the small town of Riverdale and explores the darkness hidden behind its seemingly perfect image. Warner Bros. began development on an ""Archie"" feature film in 2013, after a pitch from writer Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and director Jason Moore

driver parked his 18-wheeler there, believing that it was open. Season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley. The aerial view of Riverdale is actually drawn from stock footage used in the series ""Pretty Little Liars"", ""Gilmore Girls"", and the landmark setting are the same utilized in both of the aforementioned series as well as in ""Hart of Dixie"". Filming for the second season started on June 22, 2017, and concluded on March 27, 2018. Filming for the third season started on July 6, 2018. Several reviewers had noted that the series' episode titles are often

did not go forward with the project. In 2015, the show's development was moved to The CW, which officially ordered a pilot on January 29, 2016. On March 7, 2017, The CW announced that the series had been renewed for a second season. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered October 10, 2018. Casting Archie was a difficult process, with Aguirre-Sacasa stating ""I think we literally saw every redheaded young guy in L.A. It certainly felt that way."" The production team found KJ Apa just three days before they had to present

screen tests to the network, which created tension in the last few days leading up to the studio presentation. In April 2017, it was announced Mark Consuelos had signed on for the second season to play Veronica Lodge's father, Hiram Lodge. The role was in second position to his existing role on ""Pitch"" but the cancellation of that series was announced on May 1, 2017. The next month, it was announced Charles Melton was cast to take over the role of Reggie from Ross Butler in season 2 due to his status as a series regular on ""13 Reasons Why"".

offered her a role as a cast member on ""The Real Housewives of New York City""; however, Hermione turned down the offer to keep things private for the Lodge family. In May 2018, it was announced that Charles Melton and Vanessa Morgan, who play Reggie Mantle and Toni Topaz, respectively, would both be promoted to series regulars in the third season. At New York Comic Con 2018, it was announced that both Gladys Jones and Jellybean ""J.B."" Jones, played by Gina Gershon and Trinity Likins respectively, would appear in the third season On November 7, 2018 it was announced that

It was also announced that Casey Cott, who played Kevin Keller, was promoted to a series regular. In July 2017, it was announced that ""True Blood"" star Brit Morgan had been cast in the recurring role of Penny Peabody, an attorney the Southside Serpents call in case of any run-ins with the law. In August 2017, it was announced Graham Phillips had been cast to play Nick St. Clair, Veronica's ex-boyfriend from New York. In March 2018, Andy Cohen appeared in the sixteenth episode of the second season as himself. In the series, he and Hermione are friends. He previously

WaterTower Music released the songs performed in the musical episode in a on April 19, 2018, with a vinyl edition released at Urban Outfitters stores on July 13. Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to ""Riverdale"", making the series available as an original series to its platform less than a day after its original U.S. broadcast. In July 2016, members of the cast and the executive producers attended San Diego Comic-Con to promote the upcoming series, where they premiered the first episode ""Chapter One: The River's Edge"". The first trailer for the series was released in early December 2016.

that the project had moved to Netflix under a new title. In January 2018, CW president Mark Pedowitz noted that, ""at the moment, there is no discussion about crossing over"" with ""Riverdale"". Aguirre-Sacasa added that no crossovers were planned initially so that each series could establish ""their own identities and own set of rules"". Filming for first season began on March 19, 2018, just as filming of the second season of ""Riverdale"" concluded, which allowed the same crew members to work on both series. In the first season of ""Chilling Adventures of Sabrina"", Moses Thiessen reprises his role as Ben

to release starting April 2017. In addition to the adaptation, Archie Comics are releasing a series of compilation graphic novels branded under the title ""Road to Riverdale"". This series features early issues from the ""New Riverdale"" reboot line, introducing the audience of the TV series to the regular ongoing comic series that inspired it. Archie Comics plans to re-print the volumes of ""Road to Riverdale"" in subsequent months as digest magazines. The first volume was released in March 2017. The first season of ""Riverdale"" received a generally positive response from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a fresh rating of

Kelly Ripa, the wife of Mark Consuelos who portrays Hiram Lodge, will appear in an upcoming role as Hiram's mistress. It was also announced that Michael Consuelos, Kelly and Mark's son, will make a guest appearance in a flashback episode as a younger Hiram. Filming of the pilot began on March 14, 2016, and ended on April 1 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Production on the remaining 12 episodes of season one began on September 7, 2016, in Vancouver. Sets include Pop Tate's Chock'lit Shoppe, a copy of the functioning diner used in the pilot that is so realistic a truck

"Arachidonic acid"
present in the phospholipids (especially phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositides) of membranes of the body's cells, and is abundant in the brain, muscles, and liver. Skeletal muscle is an especially active site of arachidonic acid retention, accounting for roughly 10-20% of the phospholipid fatty acid content typically. In addition to being involved in cellular signaling as a lipid second messenger involved in the regulation of signaling enzymes, such as PLC-γ, PLC-δ, and PKC-α, -β, and -γ isoforms, arachidonic acid is a key inflammatory intermediate and can also act as a vasodilator. (Note separate synthetic pathways, as described in section below.) Arachidonic

Arachidonic acid Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is structurally related to the saturated arachidic acid found in cupuaçu butter (""L. arachis"" – peanut). In chemical structure, arachidonic acid is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and four ""cis""-double bonds; the first double bond is located at the sixth carbon from the omega end. Some chemistry sources define 'arachidonic acid' to designate any of the eicosatetraenoic acids. However, almost all writings in biology, medicine, and nutrition limit the term to all ""cis""-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid

of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, therefore, is recommended for optimal health. Arachidonic acid is not carcinogenic, and studies show dietary level is not associated (positively or negatively) with risk of cancers. ARA remains integral to the inflammatory and cell growth process, however, which is disturbed in many types of disease including cancer. Therefore, the safety of arachidonic acid supplementation in patients suffering from cancer, inflammatory, or other diseased states is unknown, and supplementation is not recommended. Arachidonic acid Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is structurally related to the

"Acetic acid"
it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Unlike longer-chain carboxylic acids (the fatty acids), acetic acid does not occur in natural triglycerides. However, the artificial triglyceride triacetin (glycerine triacetate) is a common food additive and is found in cosmetics and topical medicines. Acetic acid is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, notably the genus ""Acetobacter"" and ""Clostridium acetobutylicum"". These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and other foods spoil. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where

from the fungus ""Mortierella alpina"". Arachidonic acid is freed from a phospholipid molecule by the enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA), which cleaves off the fatty acid, but can also be generated from DAG by diacylglycerol lipase. Arachidonic acid generated for signaling purposes appears to be derived by the action of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA, 85 kDa), whereas inflammatory arachidonic acid is generated by the action of a low-molecular-weight secretory PLA (sPLA, 14-18 kDa). Arachidonic acid is the precursor that is metabolized by various enzymes to a wide range of biologically and clinically important eicosanoids and metabolites of these eicosanoids:

acid is not one of the essential fatty acids. However, it does become essential if a deficiency in linoleic acid exists or if there is an inability to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid occurs. Some mammals lack the ability or have a very limited capacity to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid, making it an essential part of their diets. Since little or no arachidonic acid is found in common plants, such animals are obligate carnivores; the cat is a common example having inability to desaturate essential fatty acids. A commercial source of arachidonic acid has been derived, however,

Acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine Acetyl--carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of -carnitine. It is naturally produced by the body, although it is often taken as a dietary supplement. Acetylcarnitine is broken down in the blood by plasma esterases to carnitine which is used by the body to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for breakdown. Carnitine is both a nutrient and made by the body as needed; it serves as a substrate for important reactions in which it accepts and gives up an acyl group. Acetylcarnitine is the most abundant naturally occurring derivative and is formed in the reaction: where the

"Agaric acid"
Agaric acid Agaric acid, also known as agaricin or 2-hydroxynonadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, is an organic tricarboxylic acid (fatty acid) found in fungi, e.g. ""Laricifomes officinalis"". Its molecular formula is CHO. Agaric acid, as any other fatty acid, has an amphipathic character. It means that it has both polar (hydroxyl groups) and apolar (hydrocarbon chain) sections, and therefore, it is not completely water-soluble. It is a tribasic acid, and therefore, it can donate up to 3 hydrogen ions to other bases in an acid-base reaction. Another example of tribasic acids is phosphoric acid or citric acid. It is an odorless and tasteless

"Araroba powder"
Chrysarobin is a methyl trioxyanthracene and exists as a glucoside in the plant, but is gradually oxidized to chrysophanic acid (a dioxy-methyl anthraquinone) and glucose. This strikes a blood-red color in alkaline solutions, and may therefore cause much alarm if administered to a patient whose urine is alkaline. The British pharmacopoeia had an ointment containing one part of chrysarobin and 24 of benzoated lard. Both internally and externally the drug is a powerful irritant. The general practice amongst modern dermatologists is to use only chrysophanic acid, which may be applied externally and given by the mouth in doses of about

"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship records and statistics"
Waterford in the Munster semi-final of the 1952 championship. The 16 game unbeaten streak, which included 15 wins and one draw, ended with a 1-11 to 2-6 loss to Cork in the subsequent Munster final. Just five players have ever been sent off in an All-Ireland final: Tom Ryan of Tipperary and Lar Foley of Dublin in the 1961 final, Éamonn Scallan of Wexford in the 1996 final against Limerick (sent off in the 34th minute); Benny Dunne of Tipperary in the 2009 final and Cyril Donnellan of Galway in the 2012 final replay . This section represents in colour-coded

"All-Ireland Senior Football Championship records and statistics"
in 1979, Brian Mullins, Kieran Duff, Ray Hazley of Dublin and Tomás Tierney of Galway in 1983, Gerry McEntee of Meath in the 1988 replay, Tony Davis of Cork in 1993, Charlie Redmond of Dublin in 1995, Liam McHale of Mayo and Colm Coyle of Meath in the 1996 replay, Nigel Nestor of Meath in 2001, Diarmuid Marsden of Armagh in 2003, John Small of Dublin and Donal Vaughan of Mayo in 2017, and John Small of Dublin again in 2018. Six players have received black cards during All-Ireland finals: Johnny Buckley and Aidan O'Mahony, both of Kerry, in the

"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship"
games were also broadcast live on RTÉ. Kilkenny have won the All-Ireland Hurling Championship the most times - thirty-six titles as of 2016. Kilkenny have been runner-up more often than any other team (26 times). Two teams have won the Championship on four consecutive occasions Cork (1941–44) and Kilkenny (2006–09). Only three teams have won the Championship on three consecutive occasions - Cork (1892–94, 1941–44 (4 times), 1952–54 & 1976–78), Tipperary (1898–1900, 1949–51) and Kilkenny (1911–13, 2006–09 (4 times)). Kilkenny, Galway (1987–1988) and Wexford have all achieved the ""double"" by winning back-to-back titles over the years. Antrim hold the unfortunate

broke his own record when he captured 2 goals and 11 points in the All-Ireland final against Tipperary. What is more remarkable is the fact that he ended up on the losing side on that occasion. This record was broken by Nicky English in 1989 when he scored 2 goals and 12 points in a 70-minute All-Ireland final. Keher's tally of 6 goals and 45 points in the 1972 championship is also a record. Nicky Rackard of Wexford got the highest confirmed total in a major championship game. In Wexford's 12−17 to 2–3 defeat of Antrim in the 1954 All-Ireland

all-time record-holders are Kilkenny, who have won the championship on 36 occasions. Limerick are the current champions. The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was listed in second place by CNN in its ""10 sporting events you have to see live"", after the Olympic Games. After covering the 1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final between Kilkenny and Waterford for BBC Television, English commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme was moved to describe hurling as his second favourite sport in the world after his first love, soccer. Following the foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1884, new rules for Gaelic football and hurling were

2014 and 2015 finals, respectively; three players in the 2016 replay:Jonny Cooper of Dublin and Rob Hennelly and Lee Keegan both of Mayo and Ciaran Kilkenny of Dublin in the 2017 final. Galway holds the record of losing a final to a team containing the fewest players, they were beaten by a Dublin team which had been reduced to just 12 players in the All Ireland Final of 1983. Garry McMahon's goal after 35 seconds of the 1962 Final is the fastest in final history. This section represents in colour-coded tabular format the results of GAA county teams in the

he presented the GAA with £500 to commission a cup for the All-Ireland champions. The cup, which was constructed to look like a medieval Irish drinking vessel called a mather, was made by jeweller Edmund Johnson at his premises on Dublin’s Grafton Street. It replaced the Great Southern Cup as the All-Ireland trophy and was first presented to Bob McConkey of Limerick in 1923. Declan Carr of Tipperary were the last recipient of the original Liam MacCarthy Cup in 1991 before it was retired. It is now on display in the GAA Museum in Croke Park. JMK Gold & Silversmith's

record of appearing in two All-Ireland Finals (1943 and 1989) without ever winning the cup. The following is a list of the top county teams by number of wins The following counties have never won an All-Ireland in hurling: Eddie Keher of the Rower-Inistioge holds numerous championship scoring records. In 50 championship appearances between 1959 and 1977 he scored 35 goals and 334 points. Not only that but Keher also set and broke a number of individual records. In the 1963 All-Ireland final he scored 14 points, a verifiable record for a final up to that point. In 1971 Keher

produced an exact replica which was first awarded to Liam Fennelly of Kilkenny in 1992. In accordance with GAA rules, the Central Council awards up to twenty-six gold medals to the winners of the All-Ireland final. The medals are 9 carat gold and depict the design of the GAA. Trophies are awarded to the All-Ireland runners-up. A miniature replica of the Liam MacCarthy Cup is awarded to the captain of the winning team. Since 1995, the All-Ireland Championship has been sponsored. The sponsor has usually been able to determine the championship's sponsorship name. From the early 1920s, British Pathé recorded

are eliminated from the championship. The qualification procedures for the championship have changed several times throughout its history. Currently, qualification is limited to teams competing in the Leinster Championship, the Munster Championship and the two finalists in the Joe McDonagh Cup. Twelve teams currently participate in the All-Ireland Championship, with the most successful teams coming from the provinces of Leinster and Munster. Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary are considered ""the big three"" of hurling. They have won 93 championships between them. The title has been won by 13 different teams, 10 of whom have won the title more than once. The

Astrodome
Superdome in New Orleans, as well as the now-demolished Pontiac Silverdome near Detroit, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Kingdome in Seattle, and RCA Dome in Indianapolis. To test what effect the enclosed air-conditioned environment might have on the delivery of breaking balls, Satchel Paige, in full Astros uniform, threw the first pitches at the Astrodome on February 7, 1965. He later concluded that it was a ""pitcher's paradise"", as the lack of wind allowed for sensitive pitches to maneuver more easily. Hofheinz had an opulent apartment in the Dome, which was removed when the facility was remodeled in 1988.

Astrodome
On Opening Day, April 9, 1965, a sold-out crowd of 47,879 watched an exhibition game between the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird were in attendance, as well as Texas Governor John Connally and Houston Mayor Louie Welch. Governor Connally tossed out the first ball for the first game ever played indoors. Dick ""Turk"" Farrell of the Astros threw the first pitch. Mickey Mantle had both the first hit (a single) and the first home run in the Astrodome. The Astros beat the Yankees that night, 2-1. President Johnson stopped

major league franchise. Loel Passe worked alongside Gene Elston as a color commentator until he retired from broadcasting in 1976. Elston continued with the Astros until 1986. The Colt .45s began their existence playing at Colt Stadium, a temporary venue built just north of the construction site of the indoor stadium. The Colt .45s started their inaugural season on April 10, 1962, against the Chicago Cubs with Harry Craft as the Colt .45s' manager. Bob Aspromonte scored the first run for the Colt .45s on an Al Spangler triple in the first inning. They started the season with a three-game

Astrodome
The Astrodome was declared non-compliant with fire code by the Houston Fire Department in 2008 and parts of it were demolished in 2013 after several years of disuse. In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Major League Baseball expanded to Houston in 1960 when the National League agreed to add two teams. The Houston Colt .45s (renamed the Astros in 1965) were to begin play in 1962, along with their expansion brethren New York Mets. Roy Hofheinz, a former mayor of Houston, and his group were granted the franchise after they promised to build a

Astrodome
called the stadium ""massive"" and ""beautiful."" Although the president's visit overshadowed all others, dignitaries swarmed through the ""Eighth Wonder of the World"" during the three days of the exhibition series and for opening night against the Phillies on April 12. Chris Short of the Phillies shut out the Astros on four hits, with 12 strikeouts. The first artist to play the Astrodome was Judy Garland on December 17, 1965, where she was paid $43,000 for the one show. The Supremes were her opening act and tickets were priced $1.00 to $7.50. The dome seated 48,000, with another 12,000 seats added

Astrodome
threatened to leave the city unless a new ballpark was built. The retractable-roofed Enron Field (now known as Minute Maid Park) opened for the 2000 season in downtown Houston. One of the largest crowds in the Astrodome's history, more than 66,746 fans, came on Sunday, February 26, 1995, to see Tejano superstar Selena and her band Los Dinos perform for a sell-out crowd during the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. Selena y Los Dinos performed two consecutive times before at the Astrodome, breaking previous attendance records each time. This was Selena's last televised concert before she was fatally shot on

Astrodome
at the Astrodome that evening en route to his home in Johnson City and paid his respects to baseball and Astros president Roy Hofheinz, a campaign manager for Johnson in the 1940s, just as the second inning got underway. He and Lady Bird watched the opening night game from behind the glass in Judge Hofheinz' private box high in right field just to the right of the giant scoreboard. LBJ ate hors d'œuvres and chicken and ice cream while watching the game. ""Roy, I want to congratulate you; it shows so much imagination"", he was heard to say. Later, he

"Houston Buffaloes"
the team. Pickering was known for having hit the most singles in a single game in 1892, and originated the ""Texas Leaguer"" term. A pattern of continuously changing names persisted, and the 1895 Houston team named themselves the ""Magnolias"" after the nickname of the city. Following the season, a group of Houston businessmen consisting of President John Henry Kirby, Vice-President Si Packard, and Secretary/Treasurer Sam Taub, created the Houston Baseball Association, and took ownership of the team. With a history of financial instability in Houston's previous years, the Houston Baseball Association's purpose was to support and maintain the club. The

R.E. ""Bob"" Smith, a prominent oilman and real estate magnate in Houston who was brought in for his financial resources; and Judge Roy Hofheinz, a former Mayor of Houston and Harris County Judge who was recruited for his salesmanship and political style. They formed the Houston Sports Association as their vehicle for attaining a big league franchise for the city of Houston. Given MLB's refusal to consider expansion, Kirksey, Cullinan, Smith, and Hofheinz joined forces with would-be owners from other cities and announced the formation of a new league to compete with the established National and American Leagues. They called

"Forbes Field"
stadium was widely considered the best in the league. Pictures depict the flag at Forbes Field at half staff on opening day. This occurred to honor recently deceased presidents of the Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Doves. The first batter at Forbes Field was future Hall of Famer Johnny Evers, the Cubs second baseman and lead off batter. He was hit by a pitch and later in the inning scored the first run. The first hit by a Pirate was by catcher George Gibson, who eventually became a Pirate manager. Barney Dreyfuss ""hated cheap home runs and vowed he'd have

member of the Patriots received a payment of $68,000 for winning the game. The Eagles each received $36,500. When adjusted for inflation, the Patriots salary was actually less than the $15,000 paid to members of the Green Bay Packers for winning Super Bowl I in 1967. That amount of money in 1967 equated to approximately $85,000 in 2005. Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004

"Super Bowl XV"
Super Bowl XV Super Bowl XV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1980 season. The Raiders defeated the Eagles by the score of 27–10, becoming the first wild card playoff team to win a Super Bowl. The game was played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 25, 1981, five days after the Iran hostage crisis ended. The game was thus held under patriotic fervor, as the pregame ceremonies honored

"Super Bowl XXXI"
the AFC. The game was played on January 26, 1997 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. This Super Bowl featured two clubs that had recently returned to competitiveness. After 24 mostly dismal seasons since Vince Lombardi left, the Packers' fortunes turned after head coach Mike Holmgren and quarterback Brett Favre joined the team in 1992. After four losing seasons, the Patriots' rise began in 1993 when Bill Parcells was hired as head coach, and the team drafted quarterback Drew Bledsoe. Under their respective head coaches and quarterbacks, Green Bay posted an NFC-best 13–3 regular season record in 1996,

"Fairy Tail"
""Fairy Tail"" began airing on October 7, 2018. A-1 Pictures, CloverWorks, and Bridge have been confirmed to be producing and animating the final season, which is set to run for 51 episodes. Nine original video animations (OVAs) of ""Fairy Tail"" have been produced and released on DVD by A-1 Pictures and Satelight, each bundled with a limited edition ""tankōbon"" volume of the manga. The first OVA, is an adaptation of the manga omake of the same name, and was released with Volume 26 on April 15, 2011. The second, is also an adaptation of the omake of the same name,

"Fairy Tail 100 Years Quest"
Fairy Tail 100 Years Quest One year following the demise of Zeref and Acnologia, Natsu Dragneel and his team from the Fairy Tail wizard guild – Lucy Heartfilia, Happy, Gray Fullbuster, Erza Scarlet, Wendy Marvell, and Carla – embark on a ""century quest"", a guild mission that has never been accomplished in over one hundred years. During the team's absence, the guild recruits a mysterious new member who is obsessed with meeting Natsu. Following the conclusion of ""Fairy Tail"" on July 26, 2017, Hiro Mashima posted a tweet on April 5, 2018 announcing that sequel to the series was being

"Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry"
The film's campaign promotes the climax of the ""Fairy Tail"" manga series, which concluded its run on July 26, 2017. The film was released in Japan on May 6, 2017, with an international release in select theaters scheduled the same month. Madman Entertainment announced plans to distribute the film theatrically in Australia and New Zealand. Anime Limited distributed and released the film on 17 May 2017 in the United Kingdom, with further screenings scheduled for 19 May 2017. German distributor KAZÉ Anime brought the film on June 27 and July 16 2017 in cinemas in Germany and Austria. On July

by Shinji Takeuchi; the original series' voice actors also returned to the project along with director Shinji Ishihira and writer Masashi Sogo. The official website for the sequel was launched on January 7, 2014. The series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2014, and was being simulcast by Funimation Entertainment. The second series concluded its run on March 26, 2016. On March 22, 2016, Mashima announced via Twitter that another ""Fairy Tail"" series was being developed. On July 20, 2017, Mashima confirmed on Twitter that the final season of ""Fairy Tail"" would air in 2018. The final season of

an animated adaptation of ""Hajimari no Asa"" as a bonus extra. The film was aired on Animax Asia on March 23, 2013. Funimation has licensed North American distribution rights to the film. The English dub premiered at Nan Desu Kan on September 13, 2013, and was released on Blu-ray/DVD on December 10, 2013. A second anime film was announced on May 15, 2015. On December 31, 2016, the official title of film was revealed as """", which was released on May 6, 2017 in Japan. An action video game for the PlayStation Portable, titled was unveiled at the 2009 Tokyo

Fairy Tail The manga has been adapted into an anime series produced by A-1 Pictures, Dentsu Inc., Satelight, Bridge, and CloverWorks which began broadcasting in Japan on October 12, 2009. Additionally, A-1 Pictures has developed seven original video animations and two animated feature films. The series ended its initial run on March 30, 2013. A second series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016. A third series of the anime series began airing on October 7, 2018, and is slated to have 51 episodes. The series has also inspired numerous spin-off manga, including

Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry Set between ""Fairy Tail""s penultimate and final story arcs, the film focuses on the members of the titular wizard guild infiltrating the Kingdom of Stella to recover a stolen staff of cataclysmic power. Tetsuya Kakihara, Aya Hirano, Rie Kugimiya, Yuichi Nakamura, Sayaka Ōhara, Satomi Satō, and Yui Horie all reprise their roles from the television series, with Makoto Furukawa, Aoi Yūki, and Jiro Saito co-starring as new characters designed by Mashima and Yūko Yamada. The film was released in Japan on May 6, 2017. It received limited theatrical screenings worldwide, with Funimation releasing the film in

a sequel storyboarded by Mashima, titled ""Fairy Tail 100 Years Quest"", which launched on July 25, 2018. The manga series was originally licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga, which began releasing the individual volumes on March 25, 2008 and ended its licensing with the 12th volume release in September 2010. In December 2010, Kodansha USA took over North American release of the series. The Southeast Asian network Animax Asia aired an English-language version of the anime for seven seasons from 2010 to 2015. The manga was also licensed in the United Kingdom by

North American theaters in both Japanese and localized English-dubbed formats from August 14 through August 19, 2017. , the Kingdom of Stella's minister of state and a practitioner of black magic, infiltrates the Kingdom of Fiore and steals the Dragon Cry, a mystical staff discovered in the dragon graveyard beneath the capital city. Fiore's royal family enlists Natsu Dragneel and his team from the Fairy Tail guild to recover the staff, detailing that it is imbued with magical power capable of annihilating the kingdom. The wizards follow Zash to Stella, whose ruler, King , intends to use the staff for

14, 2017, Funimation announced limited theatrical screenings of the film in North America. The film was screened on August 14, 2017 in a subtitled-only format in the United States and Canada, and on August 16 and 19 in a dubbed format in the United States. Screenings for the dub were scheduled for August 17 in Canada. The film was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in Japan on November 17th, 2017. Sarah Nelkin of Anime Now gave the film a positive review, calling it ""a fun romp stuffed with all the elements ""Fairy Tail"" is known for that fans can enjoy,

"Seat belt legislation in Canada"
Seat belt legislation in Canada Seat belt legislation in Canada is left to the provinces. All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws, which allow a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if s/he observes a violation. Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on January 1, 1976. This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in Canada. This list includes only seatbelt laws, which often do not themselves apply to children; however, all provinces and territories have

separate child restraint laws. A subsequent offense may be higher. Seat belt legislation in Canada Seat belt legislation in Canada is left to the provinces. All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws, which allow a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if s/he observes a violation. Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on January 1, 1976. This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in Canada. This list includes only seatbelt laws, which often do not

"Seat belt legislation"
states of Victoria and South Australia in 1970 and 1971, respectively. By 1973, the use of fitted seat belts by vehicle occupants was made compulsory for the rest of Australia and some other countries during the 1970s and 1980s. The subsequent dramatic decline in road deaths is generally because of seat belt laws and subsequent road safety campaigns. Seat belts are not required for bus occupants, reversing drivers, and those driving some slow moving vehicles. The laws for these differ depending on the state or territory with jurisdiction. All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws. In 1976,

Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts. In the United Kingdom, seat belts must be worn at all times if they are fitted to a vehicle unless reversing. Passengers may be exempt from wearing a seat belt for different reasons. Since September 18, 2006, children travelling in the UK must also use an appropriate child seat in addition to the standard seat belt, unless they are 12 years old and/or have reached at least in height. In the UK, a requirement for anchorage points was introduced in 1965, followed by

"Impaired driving in Canada"
drinking and driving cases are more likely to go to trial than any other criminal offence, and are often fought on both technical issues and alleged police violations of section 8, section 9, and section 10(b) of the ""Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"". 2008 also saw the most recent amendments by Parliament to the law on drinking and driving. The ""Tackling Violent Crime Act"" came into force on July 2, 2008. The changes included adding new evidentiary restrictions on defendants trying to raise ""evidence to the contrary"" regarding the presumption of a person's blood alcohol concentration, created mandatory standard

"Electric bicycle laws"
insurance are all not required. A bike helmet must be worn. E-bikes in British Columbia must comply with all standards outlined in Motor Assisted Cycle Regulation, BC Reg 151/2002. Ontario is one of the last provinces in Canada to move toward legalizing power-assisted bicycles (PABs) for use on roads, even though they have been federally defined and legal in Canada since early 2001. In November 2005, ""Bill 169"" received royal assent allowing the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) to place any vehicle on road. On October 4, 2006, the Minister of Transportation for Ontario Donna Cansfield announced the Pilot

"Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005"
December 2001 and came into force on February 7, 2002. The Bill's original purpose had been to achieve a barrier-free Ontario for persons with disabilities—a right of full participation. The Act required all government ministries and municipal governments to prepare accessibility plans to identify, remove, and prevent barriers to participation throughout their operations. By 31 December 2002, all provincial websites were required to be accessible. Other institutions required to provide annual plans addressing accessibility issues included public transportation systems, hospitals, district school boards, universities, colleges of applied arts and technology, and other government agencies. Those who supported the idea of

to include ""care or control"" of a motor vehicle, not just driving. (See below.) In 1930, Parliament changed the offence to a hybrid offence, giving the Crown the option to proceed with the more serious indictable offence procedure. Difficulties arose regarding how to prove someone was in care or control of a motor vehicle, and what the test should be. In 1947, Parliament amended the ""Criminal Code"" again, adding a presumption of care or control when a person was found sitting in the driver's seat of a motor vehicle. This did not answer all of the problems regarding the test

"Rent control in Ontario"
assent on June 22, 2006 and was proclaimed into law on January 31, 2007. The Act repealed and replaced the ""Tenant Protection Act"", 1997 and created the Landlord and Tenant Board as a replacement for the Ontario Rental Housing Tribunal. Rent control in Ontario formerly only applied to units that were first built or occupied before November 1, 1991. If the rental unit was in an apartment building constructed (or converted from a non-residential use) after November 1, 1991, then the rent control provisions of the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 did not apply. On April 20, 2017, Premier of Ontario

"Driver's licence in Canada"
licence suspensions due to repeated traffic violations (Effects on Ontario insurance rates and eligibility are typically measured by the number of tickets received in recent years, rather than the associated points). Drivers from out of province must obtain an Ontario driver's licence if staying more than 90 days. New residents of Ontario may only apply after residing in the province for 60 days. Starting June 2009, Ontario began issuing Enhanced Drivers Licences (EDLs) as an option to residents upon request. These licence while almost visually identical to regular drivers licences contained 2 distinct differences. The first being a machine readable

"Response to the State of the Union address"
Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to offer a response to the address by Democratic President Lyndon Johnson. The opposition party's response has varied in format, ranging from

Union addresses, there have been five official responses to non–State of the Union speeches which were delivered soon after presidential inaugurations. Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to

a prerecorded 45-minute TV program in 1970 to a call-in show in 1972 where a panel of congressmen answered unrehearsed questions from callers. Since the late 1980s, it usually has been a televised speech given soon after the State of the Union address. Three people have given both a response and a State of the Union address: Democrat Bill Clinton and Republicans Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. First organized, televised response to a presidential State of the Union message<br>Denotes prerecorded program<br>Randomly selected Democratic voters participated in this televised discussion In addition to responses to official State of the

"State of the Union"
Congress sit together regardless of party, as well as the avoiding of standing; this was in response to the 2011 Tucson Shooting in which Representative Gabrielle Giffords was shot and wounded in an assassination attempt. This practice was also repeated during the 2012 address and every address after. Since 1966, the speech has been followed on television by a response or rebuttal by a member of the major political party opposing the President's party. The response is typically broadcast from a studio with no audience. In 1970, the Democratic Party put together a TV program with their speech to reply

none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a ""State of the Union"" message. In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at

to President Nixon, as well as a televised response to Nixon's written speech in 1973. The same was done by Democrats for President Reagan's speeches in 1982 and 1985. The response is not always produced in a studio; in 1997, the Republicans for the first time delivered the response in front of high school students. In 2004, the Democratic Party's response was also delivered in Spanish for the first time, by New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson. In 2011, Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann also gave a televised response for the Tea Party Express, a first for a political movement. Although much

then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5). George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1790, in New York City, then the provisional U.S. capital. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person, regarding it as too monarchical (similar to the Speech from the Throne). Instead, the address was written and then sent to Congress to

"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address"
Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address The response to the 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine on January 31, 2006, after United States President George W. Bush delivered his 2006 State of the Union address. The theme of Kaine's speech, """"A Better Way"","" advocates the Democratic Party's policies and states' rights. Kaine delivered the speech from Virginia's historic Executive Mansion in Richmond and the speech was televised nationwide. Kaine begins his speech by recalling his work as a Catholic missionary in Honduras where he learned the value of measuring one's

and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."" During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for the President's agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks. The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States: Although the language

"State of the Union (play)"
State of the Union (play) State of the Union is a play by American playwrights Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay about a fictional Republican presidential candidate. ""State of the Union"" opened at the National Theatre in Washington, DC on November 6, 1945. The ""New York Times"" reviewer noted that the play was ""clever and well-acted."" The play premiered on Broadway at the Hudson Theatre on November 14, 1945, and closed on September 13, 1947 after 765 performances. Directed by Bretaigne Windust, the cast starred Ralph Bellamy (Grant Matthews), Ruth Hussey (Mary Matthews), Margalo Gillmore (Kay Thorndyke), Myron McCormick (Spike MacManus),

"A Madea Family Funeral"
A Madea Family Funeral Tyler Perry's A Madea Family Funeral is an upcoming American comedy film written, directed and produced by Tyler Perry. It is the eleventh and (supposedly) final installment of the ""Madea"" film series, and stars Perry in several roles, including as the titular character, as well as Cassi Davis and Patrice Lovely. The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on March 1, 2019. A joyous family reunion becomes a hilarious nightmare as Madea and the crew travel to backwoods Georgia, where they find themselves unexpectedly planning a funeral that might unveil unsavory family

secrets. Filming took place at Tyler Perry Studios and Atlanta for one week in 2017. In this movie Tyler Perry plays a new character named Heathrow, Madea and Joe's brother. He was also a Vietnam war veteran. The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on March 1, 2019 by Lionsgate. It was originally scheduled to be released in the fall of 2018. Lionsgate released a trailer for the movie on October 31, 2018. A Madea Family Funeral Tyler Perry's A Madea Family Funeral is an upcoming American comedy film written, directed and produced by Tyler Perry.

"Madea's Family Reunion"
asks Vanessa to marry him. She says yes, and they're married at the church instead. At the reception, Victoria tells Vanessa that the two are a beautiful couple and they hug, signifying the first steps in a possible reconciliation. The soundtrack was released by Motown Records on February 21, 2006. ""Madea's Family Reunion"" was budgeted at $6 million and opened at #1 in its opening weekend (2/24-26) with $30,030,661 and eventually grossed $63,257,940 in North America with an additional $50,939 internationally, tying $63,308,879 worldwide after 9 weeks in theaters. Small independent filmmaker Tyler Perry has garnered one of the highest

"American Made (film)"
August 8, 2016, the film's release was pushed to September 29, 2017, and its title changed from ""Mena"" to ""American Made"". It was released in Europe on August 23, 2017, and in the United States on September 29, 2017, and also screened at the Deauville Film Festival on September 1, 2017. ""American Made"" grossed $51.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $83.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $134.9 million, against a production budget of $50 million. In North America, ""American Made"" was released alongside the openings of ""Flatliners"" and ""'Til Death Do Us Part"",

Frankie and being a better mother to her own children. Victoria then leaves and later lies to Lisa, telling her that Carlos has agreed to counseling. Lisa eventually returns to Carlos and resumes her wedding plans. At the family reunion, held at the home of ninety-six-year-old Aunt Ruby (Georgia Allen), Vanessa and Victoria get into another verbal confrontation, which eventually turns into a physical fight after Victoria insults Vanessa about her relationship with Frankie in front of the family. The fight is broken up when Myrtle, (Cicely Tyson) Madea's daughter-in-law, and Aunt May (Maya Angelou) gather the family members to

"Madea's Family Reunion (play)"
decides to marry her first love, A.J. Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named

"Memorial Day"
Memorial Day Memorial Day or Decoration Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces. The holiday, which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May, was held on May 28, 2018. The holiday was held on May 30 from 1868 to 1970. It marks the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end. Many people visit cemeteries and memorials, particularly to honor those who have died in military service. Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave

"A Madea Christmas (film)"
A Madea Christmas (film) Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas is a 2013 American Christmas comedy-drama film directed, written, produced by and starring Tyler Perry. This is the first Christmas themed film from the writer-director; and also an adaptation of his play of the same name, though it has a completely different plot. This is the seventeenth film by Perry, and the eighth in the ""Madea"" franchise. It was released in theaters on December 13, 2013. In Atlanta, Georgia, Mabel ""Madea"" Simmons (Tyler Perry) has been talked into getting a job at a local store by her great-niece Eileen Murphy (Anna

Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named Ronnie at the house. But Lisa's fiancé

"All American Made"
started in September 2017 and concluded in March 2018. ""All American Made"" received positive reviews from professional music critics, and it has been given a rating of 82 on Metacritic based on 13 reviews, indicating ""universal acclaim"". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that in a shift from the personal vignettes of her debut album, Price does not disguise her liberal politics in this album, and she also broadens her musical range ""drawing an expansive portrait of American roots music, one that touches on R&B, Tex-Mex, girl group pop, spacy indie rock, and even Glen Campbell's trippiest moments"", which are

"Capital punishment in Canada"
the death penalty in Canada occurred in 1963. On November 30, 1967, Bill C-168 was passed creating a five-year moratorium on the use of the death penalty, except for murders of police and corrections officers. On January 26, 1973, after the expiration of the five-year experiment, the Solicitor General of Canada continued the partial ban on capital punishment, which would eventually lead to the abolition of capital punishment. On July 14, 1976, Bill C-84 was passed by a narrow margin of 130:124 in a free vote, resulting in the ""de jure"" abolition of the death penalty, except for certain offences

under the National Defence Act. These were removed in 1998. On June 30, 1987, a bill to restore the death penalty was defeated by the House of Commons in a 148–127 vote, in which Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Minister of Justice Ray Hnatyshyn, and Minister of External Affairs Joe Clark opposed the bill, whereas Deputy Prime Minister Donald Mazankowski and a majority of Progressive Conservative MPs supported it. First-degree murder, which before abolition was the offence of capital murder, now carries a mandatory life sentence without eligibility for parole until the person has served 25 years of the sentence. The

Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail. The death penalty was ""de facto"" abolished in Canada in 1963, and Bill C-84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the ""de jure"" abolition of the death penalty, except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces (cowardice, desertion, unlawful surrender, and spying for the enemy) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act. In 1998, Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well. In 1749, Peter Cartcel, a sailor aboard a ship in the Halifax harbour, stabbed Abraham Goodsides to death and

punishment as the mandatory punishment for murder, which opened the door to the possibility of abolition. In 1961, legislation was introduced to reclassify murder into capital or non-capital offences. A capital murder involved a planned or deliberate murder, murder during violent crimes, or the murder of a police officer or prison guard. Only capital murder carried the death sentence. Following the success of Lester Pearson and the Liberal Party in the 1963 federal election, and through the successive governments of Pierre Trudeau, the federal cabinet commuted all death sentences as a matter of policy. Hence, the ""de facto"" abolition of

"Criminal sentencing in Canada"
23, 2009 and came into force on February 22, 2010. The new law came into effect on March 1, 2010, but the new law does not apply to accused persons taken into custody before that date. The new rules are as follows: Pre-trial custody can be used to reduce a minimum sentence. There is no specific sentencing option called ""time served"". If credit for pre-trial custody is equal to or greater than what the appropriate sentence would be, the trial judge will either suspend the sentence (discuss in more detail below), or sentence the person to one day (which will

Capital punishment in Canada Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and

both in Canada and around the world"". However, an overwhelming majority of Conservatives supported the change in policy. In a 2011 interview given to Canadian media, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper affirmed his private support for capital punishment by saying, ""I personally think there are times where capital punishment is appropriate."" Capital punishment in Canada Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been

last two people executed in Canada were Ronald Turpin, 29, and Arthur Lucas, 54, convicted for separate murders, at 12:02 am on December 11, 1962, at the Don Jail in Toronto. The last woman to be hanged in Canada was Marguerite Pitre on January 9, 1953, for her part in the Albert Guay affair. The last person sentenced to death was Mario Gauthier on May 14, 1976, for the murder of a prison guard in Quebec. He was reprieved as capital punishment was abolished for all common crimes on July 14 the same year. During the First World War, 25

"Overturned convictions in Canada"
dismissed a further appeal in 1998. Attempts were made to clear his name based on available DNA technology, but the tissue could not be located by Smith, who was given the evidence by the pathologist who did the autopsy, until 2005, 11 years after the trial, when the missing tissue samples turned up in Smith’s office. William Mullins-Johnson was released on bail in 2005, pending review of his case. On July 16, 2007, a report by three expert pathologists (written unbeknownst to the lawyers working on his behalf) determined there was no evidence that the girl was sexually assaulted, and

"Compulsory sterilization in Canada"
individual with an IQ between 51 and 70), effectively nullifying her human rights. She was administered powerful antipsychotic agents without any due cause, as she had not manifested any symptoms of psychosis during her incarceration at the PTS. Eventually she was given an impromptu IQ test, on which she scored a 64. Shortly thereafter, she was taken before the Eugenics Board, and sterilization was authorized pending her mother's consent (which was readily given). In 1995, in damages for her humiliation at being labeled a moron and her subsequent sterilization, Leilani was awarded C$750,000 and C$230,000 (together $ in dollars). Since

"Gotham (season 4)"
stars as Gordon, alongside Donal Logue, David Mazouz, Morena Baccarin, Sean Pertwee, Robin Lord Taylor, Erin Richards, Camren Bicondova, Cory Michael Smith, Jessica Lucas, Chris Chalk, Drew Powell, Crystal Reed and Alexander Siddig. The fourth season premiered on September 21, 2017, on Fox, while the second half premiered on March 1, 2018. The season concluded on May 17, 2018. The season received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who cited the character development, writing and action sequences as highlights of the season, with some calling it the best season yet. The premiere was watched by 3.21 million viewers with a

"Gotham (TV series)"
have masterfully honored the mythology of ""Gotham"" and brought it to life with depth, emotion and memorable high drama."" In May 2017, Fox renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 21, 2017. On May 13, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a fifth and final season originally consisting of 10 episodes then later increased to 12. The season began production in July that year, and is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. In January 2014, rumors arose that Donal Logue would portray Gordon in the series. Logue denied these rumors via Twitter. Logue was eventually

"Gotham (season 3)"
on September 19, 2016 and concluded on June 5, 2017 with a two-hour season finale. The season had two breaks between episodes, with a continuous run between them. The first 11 episodes aired from September 19 to November 28, 2016; three episodes aired from January 16 to January 30, 2017; and the final 8 episodes aired from April 24 to June 5, 2017. In July 2016, the cast and crew attended San Diego Comic-Con to discuss and promote the season and showing the debut trailer for the season. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 89% based on

1.0 in the 18–49 demo, which was a 17% decline from the previous season premiere but on par with last season's average. Despite remaining with consistent ratings throughout the first half of the season, the second half experienced new series lows in the spring and being in danger of cancellation. Despite the ratings drop, Fox renewed the show for a fifth and final season on May 13, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The show was officially renewed by Fox for a fourth season on May 10, 2017. Just like the second and third seasons, the fourth season also carried a new subtitle for

D'Agosto as Harvey Dent. New additions to the cast include Benedict Samuel as Jervis Tetch; and Maggie Geha as a grown Ivy Pepper, recasting the role portrayed by Clare Foley in previous seasons. The season was broadcast over 3 consecutive runs: the first 11 episodes aired from September to November 2016; the next 3 aired in January 2017; and the other 8 episodes aired from April to June 2017. Like the previous season, the season also holds two subtitles. The first 14 episodes are subtitled ""Mad City"" while the other 8 episodes are subtitled ""Heroes Rise"". The season premiered on

September 19, 2016 and concluded on June 5, 2017 with a two-hour finale on Fox. With the Indian Hill fugitives on the loose, Jim Gordon takes matters into his own hands as a bounty hunter. But will he find demented mastermind Hugo Strange and his deranged subject, Fish Mooney? Bullock and Barnes attempt to hold the front line on crime against burgeoning Super-Villains Oswald Cobblepot/Penguin, Edward Nygma/Riddler, the future Poison Ivy and Jervis Tetch, aka Mad Hatter. All the while, young Bruce Wayne discovers yet more secrets behind his parents' murder as he peels back the curtain on the infamous

on September 28. In the United Kingdom, it premiered on Channel 5 on October 13. The channel also screen the second season but after failing to screen the third season it was announced in August 2017 that the season would premiere exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray and be on Netflix from September 1. In Ireland, it premiered on RTÉ2 on January 26, 2015. In March 2018, it was announced that E4 had acquired the rights to air the fourth season on UK television. In September 2014, Warner Bros. sold the series' worldwide video on demand rights to Netflix. In early

third time they die [on ""Gotham""]"" Filming for the season began on June 20, 2017, at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York. In January 2018, it was announced that Ben McKenzie would direct an episode after making his directional debut the previous season. It was later revealed that he would be directing the 16th episode, titled ""One of My Three Soups"". Production on the season officially wrapped in late March 2018. The season was originally set to air on September 28, 2017, on Fox in the United States. However, on July 28, 2017, Fox decided to move up the premiere

to September 21, 2017 in order to give its companion newcomer series ""The Orville"" a continuous run. The fourth season is moving to a Thursday timeslot, alongside ""The Orville"", after airing its past seasons on Mondays. In July 2017, the cast and crew attended San Diego Comic-Con to discuss and promote the season, showing a five-minute sizzle reel from season 3 as well as the debut trailer for the season. The second episode ""The Fear Reaper"" was screened on September 23, 2017, when Cannon, McKenzie, Taylor, Bicondova, Mazouz, Pertwee and Lucas promoted the series at the inaugural Tribeca TV Festival.

Gotham (TV series) Gotham is an American crime drama television series developed by Bruno Heller, based on characters published by DC Comics and appearing in the Batman franchise, primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne. Heller and Danny Cannon, who directed the pilot, are executive producers. The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon, and premiered on Fox on September 22, 2014. In May 2018, Fox renewed the series for a fifth and final season of 12 episodes, which is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. Originally the series would have relied only on Gordon's early days

"Royal Rumble match"
John Cena in 2008 and Triple H in 2016. The most common number to win is number 27. The Royal Rumble match traditionally involves 30 wrestlers and usually lasts an hour. The Greatest Royal Rumble (the only one to have a 50-man field) was the longest, lasting one hour and 17 minutes of a five-hour pay-per-view event while the first televised Rumble match in 1988 involved only 20 men and lasted 33 minutes of the two-hour broadcast. The 1998 Royal Rumble nominally had the traditional 30-man field, but only 28 individual wrestlers competed as Mick Foley entered the Royal Rumble

"Royal Rumble (1992)"
were involved for the winner -- the stipulation in which the winner would face the WWF/WWE World Heavyweight Champion at WrestleMania first took place at the following year's event. It would be 24 years before the Royal Rumble was again for the (now) WWE World Heavyweight Championship, and the first match in which the champion -- Roman Reigns -- defended his title in the Rumble match. That match was won by Triple H. A new entrant came out approximately every 2 minutes. Ric Flair sets a new longevity record with a time of 1:00:02. This was the fifth consecutive year

match. The match begins with the two wrestlers who have drawn entry numbers one and two, with the remaining wrestlers entering the ring at regular timed intervals, either 90 seconds or two minutes, according to their entry number. This format is credited to Pat Patterson. To date, only four men who have been one of the starting wrestlers have won the Royal Rumble, namely Shawn Michaels in 1995, Vince McMahon in 1999, Chris Benoit in 2004 and Rey Mysterio in 2006 while only three men who have been the final entrant won the Royal Rumble, namely The Undertaker in 2007,

"WWE Greatest Royal Rumble"
the main event, Braun Strowman won the Greatest Royal Rumble match. On the undercard, Brock Lesnar retained the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns in a steel cage match, and the WWE Championship match between AJ Styles and Shinsuke Nakamura resulted in a double countout, The Undertaker defeated Rusev in a casket match, and John Cena defeated Triple H in the opening match. Since 1988, the Royal Rumble has been an annual event held by WWE and is typically shown on pay-per-view. The event is highlighted by the Royal Rumble match, a battle royal whose participants enter at timed intervals. The

"Royal Rumble (1989)"
soon as he entered the ring, he was eliminated by Hogan. Warlord set the record of the shortest time in the ring with spending only 2 seconds in the ring, a record that stood 20 years until Santino Marella was eliminated in 1 second at the 2009 Royal Rumble. Brown and Savage battled each other. Hogan dumped both men out. Savage berated Hogan, beginning the breakup of Mega Powers. The two tried to battle each other until Miss Elizabeth told them to calm down. The duo embraced before Savage left. One half of The Twin Towers, the Big Boss Man

"Royal Rumble (2012)"
by Kane, who revealed in the next several weeks of his desire to have Cena ""embrace the hate"" (his current on-screen character and T-shirt promoting otherwise) within caused by the anti-Cena crowd who continued to boo him. When Cena dismissed any intentions of doing so, Kane not only continued his attacks on Cena, but began to direct his attention to his close friend Zack Ryder, assaulting him as well, to the point of injuring him (kayfabe), ultimately leading to Ryder losing his United States Championship to Jack Swagger on the January 16, 2012 episode of ""Raw"", under orders from John

Kane in 1999, though Randy Savage's jump over the top rope in 1992 was not ruled as self-elimination), elimination by previously-eliminated participants (such as The Undertaker eliminating Maven in 2002, Kurt Angle eliminating Shawn Michaels in 2005, Kane eliminating CM Punk in 2014 and The Wyatt Family eliminating Brock Lesnar in 2016), or non-participants (such as Shane McMahon eliminating Shawn Michaels in 2006 and The Miz eliminating John Cena in 2011). Furthermore, an injured wrestler can return to the ring as long as the match is still ongoing (such as Stone Cold Steve Austin in 1999 or Roman Reigns in

in 2005, when Batista and John Cena eliminated each other at the same time (an actual accident), the match was restarted. Though various referees are charged with observing the match, some eliminations have gone unnoticed to allow the eliminated participants to sneak back into the ring to continue. Stone Cold Steve Austin was able to re-enter the ring in this way and win the 1997 match. Although the vast majority of eliminations are caused by active participants, eliminations caused by other means have been ruled legitimate, including self-eliminations (such as Andre the Giant after seeing a snake in 1989 or

return later in the match. Furthermore, a wrestler who only touches the floor with one foot is not eliminated from the match, a rule which greatly affected the 1995 match, allowing Shawn Michaels to re-enter the ring and win the match. Although he has not won a Royal Rumble match, Kofi Kingston has found various ways to keep at least one of his feet from touching the floor. In the 1994 match, the last two participants (Bret Hart and Lex Luger) were declared co-winners when officials were unable to determine whose feet touched the floor first. In a similar situation

"Royal Rumble (1998)"
who had reportedly been taken out backstage by Ken Shamrock. By #23, the Nation of Domination had four members (Rock, D'Lo Brown, Mark Henry and Kama Mustafa) in the ring although they seldom worked together. All fighting in the ring ceased when Austin's music played for #24 but, after a lengthy wait, Stone Cold appeared from behind and tossed out Marc Mero and 8-Ball. Savio Vega, who entered #26, was accompanied by the rest of Los Boricuas who went straight after Austin. Faarooq completed the Nation stable in the ring but went straight after teammate The Rock before Foley's third

"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones"
investigation leads him to the mysterious ocean planet of Kamino, where he discovers an army of clones being produced for the Republic, with bounty hunter Jango Fett serving as their genetic template. Obi-Wan deduces Jango to be the bounty hunter he is seeking, and after a fierce battle, places a homing beacon on their ship, the ""Slave I"". Obi-Wan then follows Jango and his clone son, Boba Fett, to the rocky planet Geonosis. Meanwhile, Anakin is troubled by visions of his mother, Shmi, in pain and decides to head to Tatooine with Padmé to save her. Watto reveals that he

Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in """", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After

on a motion to create an army to assist the Jedi against this threat. Narrowly avoiding an assassination attempt upon arrival, she is placed under the protection of Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi and his apprentice, Anakin Skywalker. The two Jedi thwart a second attempt on her life and subdue the assassin, Zam Wesell; she is killed by her client, a bounty hunter, before she can reveal his identity. The Jedi Council instructs Obi-Wan to find the bounty hunter, while Anakin is tasked to protect Padmé and escort her back to Naboo, where he expresses his romantic feelings for her. Obi-Wan's

""a critique of the increasing role played by economic and political appetite in contemporary First World international politics in general"". In this political drama, the Trade Federation, the former idealist Dooku and Palpatine ""[represent] the economic and political greed and ambition (...) of the political and business classes"", while the Jedi have become a force of aggression, and the cityscape of Coruscant has devolved into a dystopian environment that references 1982's ""Blade Runner"". War journalism, combat films, and footage of World War II combat influenced the documentary-style camera work of the Battle of Geonosis, even to the point that hand-held

sold Shmi to Cliegg Lars, who then freed and married her. Cliegg tells Anakin that she was abducted by Tusken Raiders weeks earlier and is likely dead. Determined to find her, Anakin ventures out and finds Shmi at the Tusken campsite, where she dies in his arms. Heartbroken and enraged, Anakin massacres the Tusken tribe. He later declares to Padmé that he will find a way to eliminate death. On Geonosis, Obi-Wan discovers a Separatist gathering led by Count Dooku, who Obi-Wan learns authorized Padmé's assassination and is developing a droid army with Trade Federation Viceroy Nute Gunray. Obi-Wan transmits

Australia in Sydney. Location shooting took place in the Tunisian desert, at the Plaza de España in Seville, London, China, Vancouver, San Diego, and Italy (Villa del Balbianello on Lake Como, and in the former royal Palace of Caserta). At his own personal request, Samuel L. Jackson's character Mace Windu received a lightsaber that emitted an amethyst glow, as opposed to traditional blue and green for ""good guys"" and red for ""bad guys"". Reshoots were performed in March 2001. During this time, a new action sequence was developed featuring the droid factory after Lucas had decided that the film lacked

his findings to the Jedi Council, and with knowledge of the droid army, Supreme Chancellor Palpatine is voted emergency powers to send the clone army into battle. Anakin and Padmé go to Geonosis to rescue Obi-Wan, but are captured by Jango Fett. Dooku sentences the trio to death, but they are saved by a battalion of clone troopers led by Yoda, Mace Windu, and other Jedi. Mace beheads Jango during the rescue. Obi-Wan and Anakin intercept Dooku, and the three engage in a lightsaber battle. Dooku injures Obi-Wan and severs Anakin's right arm, but Yoda arrives and defends them. Dooku

in ""Attack of the Clones"". In both films, an asteroid field is the backdrop of a major star battle in the middle of the film. Obi-Wan escapes Jango Fett by attaching his spacecraft to an asteroid in order to disappear from the enemy sensors; Han Solo uses a similar tactic by attaching the ""Millennium Falcon"" to a Star Destroyer in ""The Empire Strikes Back"". As a retcon, John Knoll confirms on the film's DVD commentary that Boba Fett, who would later catch Solo in the act in ""The Empire Strikes Back"", ""learned his lesson"" from the events of ""Attack of

Bonaparte, who rose to power in France from 1796 to 1799. Octavian was responsible for the deaths of hundreds of political opponents well before he was granted tribunician powers; Bonaparte was appointed First Consul for life (and later Emperor) by the French Consulate after a failed attempt on his life and the subsequent ""coup"" of 18 Brumaire in 1799. References to the American Civil War can also be discerned. English scholar Anne Lancashire describes ""Attack of the Clones"" as ""thoroughly political in its narrative"", to the point that interpersonal relations are made subordinate to the political drama that unfolds, and

"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)"
droid army on the planet . Awaiting reinforcements, the two Jedi greet a shuttle carrying the young Jedi Ahsoka Tano, who insists that she has been assigned by Jedi Master Yoda to serve as Anakin's Padawan. Anakin begrudgingly accepts Ahsoka's apprenticeship, and the two succeed in deactivating the Separatists' energy field while Obi-Wan stalls the droid army commander, allowing a Republic victory. Ahsoka earns Anakin's respect. Following the battle, Yoda arrives and informs the Jedi that crime lord Jabba the Hutt's son Rotta has been kidnapped. Anakin and Ahsoka are tasked with retrieving the Huttlet, while Obi-Wan is sent to

"Generals Order"
an enemy general within the same zone). The general with the higher military attack wins in this situation, in which case the general with the lower military attack is placed in the graveyard of that player. In the case of equal military attack, both generals die simultaneously. Characters do not have any hp and they die on impact, similar to Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG. Intelligence attack is usually only used in conjunction with a strategy card. It has no set mechanics instead refers to the strategy card that initiates a strategy attack. On top of the basic statistics, all generals have either

"Pacific General"
force, with the unit's experience carrying on to the next battle. He also must be aware of each unit's fuel and ammunition levels, and also the fog of war, the collective vision of all units under his control. Prestige is the currency of the game. Prestige is gained by destroying enemy units, and lost when a player buys or upgrades his units. Prestige is also available at the start of a new scenario, before any combat begins. Whereas the first ""Panzer General"" targeted DOS, ""Pacific General"" was made for Windows. ""Pacific General"" utilize interface and share an underlying file system

"Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War"
and morale points, which govern a squad's fighting effectiveness. Both are reduced by weaponry; morale recharges independently or due to unit abilities, while health is increased by natural regeneration, healer units, or repair. Each of the four races has access to a unique special unit whilst in control of a ‘relic’, they are superior to normal units. To obtain one of the special units the player must complete all pre-requisites (research, own specific buildings) and be in the final tier of research. These special units also require substantially more resources and time to create. Aside from their initial headquarters, races

"Center of gravity (military)"
Center of gravity (military) The center of gravity (CoG) is a concept developed by Carl Von Clausewitz, a Prussian military theorist, in his work ""On War"". The definition of a CoG is ""the source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act."" Thus, the center of gravity is usually seen as the ""source of strength"". The United States Army tends to look for a single center of gravity, normally in the principal capability that stands in the way of the accomplishment of its own mission. In short, the army considers a ""friendly"" CoG

as that element—a characteristic, capability, or locality—that enables one's own or allied forces to accomplish their objectives. Conversely, an opponent's CoG is that element that prevents friendly forces from accomplishing their objectives. For example, according to US Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual 3-24, the center of gravity in a counterinsurgency is the protection of the population that hosts it. Center of gravity (military) The center of gravity (CoG) is a concept developed by Carl Von Clausewitz, a Prussian military theorist, in his work ""On War"". The definition of a CoG is ""the source of power that provides moral or physical strength,

"Operational level of war"
may or may not be clear, cogent or settled. Compounding factors, such as the opponent's actions, create further ambiguity. The operational-level strategist possesses numerous tools to frame and guide their thinking, but chief among these are mission analysis and end state. Mission analysis answers the question ""What is to be accomplished?"" Through mission analysis, the operational-level planner fuses political aims and military objectives. In so doing, the planner determines what application of military force will create military power to achieve the political purpose. Subordinate processes here include defining objectives and centers of gravity, but excessive dependence on analytical mechanisms can

game simulates a fierce battle with a rival camp, with the aim of ultimately destroying their fortress, and successfully defending yours. The fortress is represented by the players' deck of cards, commonly referred to as the resource deck. Victory is gained when a player ensures that their own resource deck outlast their opponents'. This is achieved by removing all of the enemy's deck either to the discard pile or graveyard. This is similar to WWE TCG, which also use the deck as resources, victory conditions and survival. There are two common ways of achieving this; one is to attack the

"Economy of force"
attacks, defense, delays, deception or even retrograde operations is measured, in order to achieve mass at decisive points elsewhere on the battlefield. Carl von Clausewitz once said that ""Every unnecessary expenditure of time, every unnecessary detour, is a waste of power, and therefore contrary to the principles of strategy."" The Principles of War are a part of United States Army doctrine. The current doctrinal manual for army operations is FM 3–0 ""Operations"", which defines, and describes, economy of force as follows: ""Allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts. Economy of force is the reciprocal of mass. It requires accepting

"Health (gaming)"
Health (gaming) Health or vitality is an attribute assigned to entities such as characters or objects within role-playing games and video games, that indicates their continued ability to function. Health is usually measured in hit points or health points, shortened to HP which lowers by set amounts when the entity is attacked or injured. When the HP of a player character or non-player character reaches zero, that character is incapacitated and barred from taking further action. In some games, such as those with cooperative multiplayer and party based role playing games, it may be possible for an ally to revive

slightly increased to allow it to retreat. That said, the unit must still be ordered away from the combat for it to escape. The squad's morale will regenerate on its own while the squad is not in combat, and the squad will ""regroup"" and regain combat effectiveness once it reaches a certain threshold. Just as with hitpoints, different types of units have different amounts of morale. Commanders have the most morale, and basic infantry usually have the least. Attaching (when possible) a commander unit to basic squads significantly increases their morale. Some weapon types, such as flamethrowers, sniper rifles and

"Anton Zingarevich"
The couple married in late 2009 and had a child. Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire.

Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire. At the age of 16, Zingarevich began education at Bearwood

"Reading F.C."
2016–17 season. Cherwell Software took sponsorship of the back of the home shirt for the 2017–18 season while Euro Cake sponsored the back of the away shirt again for the third consecutive season. Reading Football Club ownership structure: 75% Owned by Renhe Sports Management Ltd, 100% owned by Xiu Li Dai and Yongge Dai. 25% Owned by Narin Niruttinanon Reading F.C. Directors: Xiu Li Dai, Yongge Dai, Narin Niruttinanon, Nigel Howe As of 1 July 2018, the following players are those in the senior squad who are under 18. <br> Reading hold the record for the number of successive league

"John Madejski"
John Madejski Sir John Robert Madejski, (; born Robert John Hurst; 28 April 1941) is an English businessman, with commercial interests spanning property, broadcast media, hotels, restaurants, publishing and football. He changed his name when his stepfather, a Polish airman during World War II, returned to Britain to marry his mother. Madejski is the founder of the magazine which became ""Auto Trader"" and chairman of Reading F.C., as well as Chancellor of the University of Reading and Deputy Lieutenant of Berkshire. He is a benefactor to many institutions, especially in academia, education and the arts. In the ""Sunday Times Rich

season. The club competed in the 2012–13 Premier League season, having gained promotion at the end of the 2011–12 season after winning the Championship, but were relegated after just one season back in the top flight. The club played at Elm Park for 102 years between 1896 and 1998. In 1998 the club moved to the new Madejski Stadium, which is named after the club's co-chairman Sir John Madejski. The club holds the record for the number of successive league wins at the start of a season, with a total of 13 wins at the start of the 1985–86 Third

"History of Reading F.C."
title with a game to spare after 2–2 draw with Crystal Palace when second-placed Southampton failed to beat Middlesbrough, losing 2–1. On 21 January 2012, it was announced that John Madejski planned to sell 51% of the club to ""Thames Sport Investments"" led by Russian-born Anton Zingarevich which was eventually completed on 29 May 2012. On 30 October 2012, Reading created an unwanted record in the last 16 of the League Cup. At home to Arsenal, they took a 4–0 lead after 37 minutes, but Arsenal drew level at 4–4 in stoppage time to take the match into extra time,

Wembley where they lost on penalties following 0–0 draw after extra time. On 21 March 2018, Stam left Reading with immediate effect. Two days later, on 23 March 2018, Paul Clement was appointed as Reading's new manager. Clement was sacked on 6 December 2018 after poor results left the club outside of the relegation zone only on goal difference. The first crest to appear on a Reading kit was in 1953, it featured just the letter ""R"". There was no crest seen again until 1981 when there was a crest featuring three elm trees and the rivers Thames and Kennet;

they lost 4–2 to Swansea City in the final at Wembley Stadium. Reading started the 2011–12 season by selling captain Matt Mills and player of the season Shane Long. Early results were not favourable and the club sat second-bottom of the table after six games. However, a streak of good form in the second half of the season, combined with the signings of Adam Le Fondre, Kaspars Gorkšs and Jason Roberts, ensured promotion to the Premier League on 17 April 2012 with 1–0 home win against Nottingham Forest. In their next match on 21 April 2012, Reading secured the Championship

F1 logo was on the back of the shirts as part of a sponsorship deal between former Russian owner Anton Zingarevich and Russian owned Marussia F1. This deal continued until the team entered administration in October 2014. The sponsorship deal ended despite the team surviving and racing in the 2015 Formula One season. During the 2015–16 season, Waitrose was on the back of the home shirt whilst Euro Cake was on the back of the away shirt, meanwhile Legend Alliance sponsored the shorts for the season. Waitrose and Euro Cake sponsored the home and away kits respectively again for the

"Simon Rufus Isaacs, 4th Marquess of Reading"
England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club and has frequently appeared at The Lawn Tennis Championships, Wimbledon. He is a personal friend of Charles, Prince of Wales. Simon Rufus Isaacs, 4th Marquess of Reading Simon Rufus Isaacs, 4th Marquess of Reading (born 18 May 1942) is an English aristocrat, banker and philanthropist. Simon Rufus Isaacs was born on 18 May 1942. His father was Michael Alfred Rufus Isaacs, 3rd Marquess of Reading (1916–1980) and his mother was Margot Irene (née Duke) (1919–2015). His paternal grandfather was Gerald Rufus Isaacs, 2nd Marquess of Reading (1889–1960). His paternal great-grandfather was Rufus Isaacs, 1st

"GNU Project"
GNU Project The GNU Project () is a free-software, mass-collaboration project, first announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman at MIT. Its aim is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices, by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on the following freedom rights: users are free to run the software, share it (copy, distribute), study it and modify it. GNU software guarantees these freedom-rights legally (via its license), and is therefore free software; the use of the word ""free"" always being taken to refer to freedom. In order

the GNU system in a single location (much like the GNOME project collects Desktop software). In 2001, the GNU Project received the USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award for ""the ubiquity, breadth, and quality of its freely available redistributable and modifiable software, which has enabled a generation of research and commercial development"". GNU Project The GNU Project () is a free-software, mass-collaboration project, first announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman at MIT. Its aim is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices, by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based

"Werner Koch"
Werner Koch Werner Koch (born July 11, 1961) is a German free software developer. He is best known as the principal author of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG). He was also Head of Office and German Vice-Chancellor of the Free Software Foundation Europe. He is the winner of Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 2015 for founding GnuPG. Journalists and security professionals rely on GnuPG, and Edward Snowden used it to evade monitoring whilst he leaked classified information from the U.S. National Security Agency. Koch lives in Erkrath, near Düsseldorf, Germany. He began writing GNU Privacy

GNU
was initiated by Richard Stallman while he worked at MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. It was called the GNU Project, and was publicly announced on September 27, 1983, on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft newsgroups by Stallman. Software development began on January 5, 1984, when Stallman quit his job at the Lab so that they could not claim ownership or interfere with distributing GNU components as free software. Richard Stallman chose the name by using various plays on words, including the song ""The Gnu"". The goal was to bring a wholly free software operating system into existence. Stallman wanted computer users to

GNU
be free to study the source code of the software they use, share software with other people, modify the behavior of software, and publish their own modified versions of the software. This philosophy was later published as the GNU Manifesto in March 1985. Richard Stallman's experience with the Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS), an early operating system written in assembly language that became obsolete due to discontinuation of PDP-10, the computer architecture for which ITS was written, led to a decision that a portable system was necessary. It was thus decided that the development would be started using C and Lisp

has published a number of writings, the majority of which were authored by Richard Stallman. The GNU project uses software that is free for users to copy, edit, and distribute. It is free in the sense that users can change the software to fit individual needs. The way programmers obtain the free software depends on where they get it. The software could be provided to the programmer from friends or over the Internet, or the company a programmer works for may purchase the software. Proceeds from associate members, purchases, and donations support the GNU project. Copyleft is what helps maintain

"Gene Kan"
Gene Kan Gene Kan (September 6, 1976 — June 29, 2002) was a British-born Chinese American peer-to-peer file-sharing programmer who was among the first programmers to produce an open-source version of the file-sharing application that implemented the Gnutella protocol. Kan worked together with Spencer Kimball on the program called ""gnubile"" licensed under the GNU General Public License. Kan graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1997 with a major in electrical engineering and computer science ,and was a member of the student club the eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF). In June 2000, he formed a distributed search engine known as

GNU
has been written by volunteers; some in their spare time, some paid by companies, educational institutions, and other non-profit organizations. In October 1985, Stallman set up the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In the late 1980s and 1990s, the FSF hired software developers to write the software needed for GNU. As GNU gained prominence, interested businesses began contributing to development or selling GNU software and technical support. The most prominent and successful of these was Cygnus Solutions, now part of Red Hat. The system's basic components include the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU C library (glibc), and GNU Core Utilities

on that of Unix, a proprietary operating system. Development was initiated in January 1984. In 1991, the Linux kernel appeared, developed outside the GNU project by Linus Torvalds, and in December 1992 it was made available under version 2 of the GNU General Public License. Combined with the operating system utilities already developed by the GNU project, it allowed for the first operating system that was free software, commonly and erroneously known as Linux. The project's current work includes software development, awareness building, political campaigning and sharing of the new material. Richard Stallman announced his intent to start coding the

"GNU Hurd"
by Professor Steve Ward and his group at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS). According to Thomas Bushnell, the initial Hurd architect, their early plan was to adapt the 4.4BSD-Lite kernel and, in hindsight, ""It is now perfectly obvious to me that this would have succeeded splendidly and the world would be a very different place today"". In 1987 Richard Stallman proposed using the Mach microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. Work on this was delayed for three years due to uncertainty over whether CMU would release the Mach code under a suitable license. With the release of the Linux

"Edmund Pevensie"
In the book Edmund is around 11 years old at the time of their return, but in the movie he is probably between 13 and 15 years of age. He has since become more caring and protective of Lucy, and is the first person to believe her when she sees Aslan, supporting her against the disbelief of Trumpkin and her other siblings. Edmund is shown in a more positive light in this book than in The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe. His demeanor is more cooperative and loyal, even under the guidance of Peter, who is unprepared for the

and says that Eustace was not worse than he was. In the book Edmund is around 12 or 13 at the time of their return, but in the movie he appears to be between 15–17 years of age. In the , Edmund is haunted by a green mist in the form of the White Witch and becomes jealous of Caspian's status as the current Narnian king (being overruled by him). He and Caspian become violent at one point, over the enchanted pool that turns everything submerged in it to gold, which Lucy quickly breaks up and reprimands them both for.

ones is not clear. Certainly in the illustrations of him in the final book he is drawn as having fair hair. Edmund was born in 1930 and (according to the film series) lived in Finchley, England, and he is 10 years old when he appears in ""The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"". By ""The Last Battle"" he is 19 years old. Though Lucy is specifically described as being ""golden haired"", she, Susan, and Peter are depicted in the illustrations with dark hair, while Edmund is usually blond. By contrast, in the most recent film adaptions Edmund is played by

with Peter's army in battle, where he plays a critical role in neutralizing the White Witch's most dangerous advantage, her wand, and is gravely wounded in the attempt. However, he is saved from death by the timely arrival of reinforcements led by Aslan, who leaps upon the Witch and kills her and by Lucy, who gives Edmund a dose of a magic cordial which can quickly heal any injury. The remnants of the enemy then either give themselves up or take to flight. Eventually, a completely reformed Edmund Pevensie is crowned by Aslan as King Edmund, co-ruler of Narnia with

and making everyone worry. The Narnians manage to escape, which leads Rabadash to convince his father the Tisroc that they should take Narnia by invading Archenland. Shasta brings warning of Rabadash's invasion to Narnia, and meets Edmund once again. Edmund gently reminds Shasta that he should not eavesdrop, but is clear that all is well before they march to Anvard to stop Rabadash. Edmund, Shasta, and Corin's father, King Lune of Archenland, lead the fight against the Calormene army and defeat them. Shasta is then recognized as Prince Cor, the long-lost heir of Archenland. Edmund's own redemption lends him perspective

sister Susan, and warleader for Narnia in the novel The Horse and His Boy. In the movie series, he provides comic relief, along with characters such as Reepicheep and the Beavers. Aslan proclaims him King Edmund the Just, but in the letter sent to Miraz in the novel Prince Caspian he styles himself ""Duke of Lantern Waste and Count of the Western March, Knight of the Noble Order of the Table"". In ""The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"", Edmund is one of the main characters, at the age of 10 years, and the character who develops the most over

his siblings to the White Witch while under her influence, but as the story goes on, he accepts the error of his ways. He is redeemed with the intervention of Aslan and joins the fight against the witch. Fulfilling an ancient prophecy, he becomes King Edmund the Just, King of Narnia, and with sisters Susan and Lucy, co-ruler under High King Peter. Edmund is described in one book in a scene in Tashbaan as being part of a group of men 'as fair-skinned as [Shasta], and most of them had fair hair', although whether Edmund is one of the fair-haired

conversation with Aslan, who afterward commands the Pevensies to consider the matter of their brother's misdeeds resolved. The next day, the Witch arrives and reiterates her claim to Edmund's life. She and Aslan work out an agreement that Aslan will die in Edmund's place (though the other Narnians do not know this); but unknown to her, the magical nature of this contract allows Aslan to be brought back to life. Susan and Lucy witnessed Aslan's sacrifice and resurrection. While Aslan and Edmund's sisters race to free the cursed prisoners in the Witch's castle, Edmund consolidates his reformation by aligning himself

runs into Edmund in Tashbaan the capital city of in Calormen, where he has accompanied Susan to discuss a marriage proposal from Prince Rabadash. Edmund becomes protective particularly of Lucy, and acts as a voice of reason to Peter, who is more apt to become carried away. On his return to Narnia in ""Prince Caspian"", he makes friendships with both Prince Caspian and Reepicheep, which develop further in the ""Voyage of the Dawn Treader"". Edmund is one of the most well developed characters in the books by virtue of his moral and spiritual journey from traitor to King, to serious

Queen Lucy, Queen Susan and High King Peter, and is knighted as Duke of Lantern Waste, Count of the Western March, and Knight of the Noble Order of the Table. After fifteen years in Narnia, he and his siblings return to England, where they all magically appear as children again. King Edmund, Queen Susan, Tumnus the Faun and a raven named Sallowpad are visitors in the country of Calormen, where Crown Prince Rabadash wants to force Susan to marry him. Mistaking Shasta for the missing prince Corin Thunderfist of Narnia's ally Archenland, Edmund scolds the young boy for running off

"Three-point field goal"
three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in 1945, with a 21-foot line, in a game between Columbia and Fordham, but it was not kept as a rule. There was another one-game experiment in 1958, this time with a 23-foot line, in a game between St. Francis (N.Y.) and Siena. In 1961, Boston University and Dartmouth played one game with an experimental rule that counted all field goals as three points. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius

in June 1979, the NBA adopted the three-point line for a one-year trial for the despite the view of many that it was a gimmick. Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979; the season opener at Boston Garden was more noted for the debut of Larry Bird (and two new Rick Barry of the Houston Rockets, in his final season, also made one in the same game, and Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets made one that Friday night The sport's international governing body, FIBA,

Used only in conference play for several years, it was adopted by the NCAA in April 1986 for the 1986–87 season at and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in March 1987. The NCAA adopted the three-pointer in women's basketball on an experimental basis for that season at the same distance, and made its use mandatory beginning In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's distance by a foot to , effective with the season, and the women's line was moved to match the men's in 2011–12. American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a line nationally

introduced the three-point line in 1984, and it made its Olympic debut in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a line for the 1980–81 season. Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980. Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and as far away as in the

in 1987, a year after the NCAA. The NCAA used the FIBA three-point line (see below) in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) For three seasons beginning in 1994–95, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from ( at the corners) to a uniform around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of ( at the corners, with a 3-inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973. In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased

"3x3 basketball"
has been a basketball format long played in streets and gyms across the world, albeit in a less formal way. Starting in the late 1980s, three-on-three began to become standardized throughout the United States, most notably through the Gus Macker and Hoop It Up tournament series, which held large events across the country that invited teams and players from all skill levels. Adidas launched its now-discontinued streetball competition in 1992. Since then, the number of 3×3 events and competitions has been steadily growing all around the world. FIBA took the decision to first test 3x3 at the 2007 Asian Indoor

of from the baskets, except along the sides. The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season. The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association (ABA), introduced in its inaugural 1967–68 ABA commissioner George Mikan stated the three-pointer ""would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."" During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the NBA; its ninth and final season concluded in the spring Three years later

"Rules of basketball"
Edwards is generally recognized as the player responsible for the 3 second rule. While the rule was originally adopted to reduce roughness in the area between big men, it is now considered to prevent tall offensive players from gaining an advantage by waiting close to the basket. When the NBA started to allow zone defense in 2001, a three-second rule for defensive players was also introduced. The shot clock was first introduced by the NBA in 1954, to increase the speed of play. Teams were then required to attempt a shot within 24 seconds of gaining possession, and the shot

"Three-Point Contest"
Three-Point Contest The Three-Point Contest (officially named the JBL Three-Point Contest and previously named the Three-Point Shootout) is a National Basketball Association (NBA) contest held on the Saturday before the annual All-Star Game as part of All-Star Weekend. From its introduction in 1986 to 2002, and again from 2017 onward, eight participants were selected to participate in each season's shootout. Between 2003 and 2016, the contest was open to just six competitors. Devin Booker of the Phoenix Suns is the most recent winner of the event which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. In this contest,

"Three seconds rule"
Terjesen and Klein. Something will have to be done or the game will become entirely too rough."" Three seconds rule The three seconds rule (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in the key, with often termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds while their team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. The three-second rule was introduced in 1936 and was expressed as such: no offensive player, with or without the

"Tricyclic antidepressant"
personality disorder (BPD), Neurological disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease as well as chronic pain, neuralgia or neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia, headache, or migraine, smoking cessation, tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), interstitial cystitis (IC), nocturnal enuresis (NE), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and/or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia. For many years the TCAs were the first choice for pharmacological treatment of clinical depression. Although they are still considered to be highly effective, they have been increasingly replaced by antidepressants with an improved safety and side effect profile, such as the

(NRIs). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs. The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and treatment-resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) also known as social anxiety disorder (SAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder (PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, certain personality disorders such as borderline

reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). Both serotonin and norepinephrine have been highly implicated in depression and anxiety, and it has been shown that facilitation of their activity has beneficial effects on these mental disorders. In addition to their reuptake inhibition, many TCAs also have high affinity as antagonists at the 5-HT (5-HT and 5-HT), 5-HT, 5-HT, α-adrenergic, and NMDA receptors, and as agonists at the sigma receptors (σ and σ), some of which may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, as well as their side effects. The TCAs also have varying but typically high affinity for antagonising the H and H histamine receptors,

are not considered addictive and are somewhat preferable to the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The side effects of the TCAs usually come to prominence before the therapeutic benefits against depression and/or anxiety do, and for this reason, they may potentially be somewhat dangerous, as volition can be increased, possibly giving the patient a greater desire to attempt or commit suicide. The TCAs were used in the past in the clinical treatment of ADHD, though they are not typically used anymore, having been replaced by more effective agents with fewer side effects such as atomoxetine (Strattera, Tomoxetin) and stimulants like methylphenidate

of chronic pain, notably neuralgia or neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. The precise mechanism of action in explanation of their analgesic efficacy is unclear, but it is thought that they indirectly modulate the opioid system in the brain downstream via serotonergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation, among other properties. They are also effective in migraine prophylaxis, though not in the instant relief of an acute migraine attack. They may also be effective to prevent chronic tension headaches. Many side effects may be related to the antimuscarinic properties of the TCAs. Such side effects are relatively common and may include dry mouth, dry nose,

mechanisms other than serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibition: Legend: Tricyclic antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds. Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

(Ritalin, Focalin, Concerta), and amphetamine (Adderall, Attentin, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). ADHD is thought to be caused by an insufficiency of dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Most of the TCAs inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine, though not dopamine, and as a result, they show some efficacy in remedying the disorder. Notably, the TCAs are more effective in treating the behavioral aspects of ADHD than the cognitive deficits, as they help limit hyperactivity and impulsivity, but have little to no benefits on attention. The TCAs show efficacy in the clinical treatment of a number of different types

blurry vision, lowered gastrointestinal motility or constipation, urinary retention, cognitive and/or memory impairment, and increased body temperature. Other side effects may include drowsiness, anxiety, emotional blunting (apathy/anhedonia), confusion, restlessness, dizziness, akathisia, hypersensitivity, changes in appetite and weight, sweating, sexual dysfunction, muscle twitches, weakness, nausea and vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia, and rarely, irregular heart rhythms. Twitching, hallucinations, delirium and coma are also some of the toxic effects caused by overdose. Rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown has been rarely reported with this class of drugs as well. Tolerance to these adverse effects of these drugs often develops if treatment is continued. Side effects may

or months to minimise symptoms. In tricyclics, discontinuation syndrome symptoms include anxiety, insomnia, headache, nausea, malaise, or motor disturbance. TCA overdose is a significant cause of fatal drug poisoning. The severe morbidity and mortality associated with these drugs is well documented due to their cardiovascular and neurological toxicity. Additionally, it is a serious problem in the pediatric population due to their inherent toxicity and the availability of these in the home when prescribed for bed-wetting and depression. In the event of a known or suspected overdose, medical assistance should be sought immediately. A number of treatments are effective in a

classification based on the ring system, TCAs can also be usefully grouped based on the number of substitutions of the side chain amine. These groups include the tertiary amines (imipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, amitriptyline, butriptyline, doxepin, dosulepin) and the secondary amines (desipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline). Lofepramine is technically a tertiary amine, but acts largely as a prodrug of desipramine, a secondary amine, and hence is more similar in profile to the secondary amines than to the tertiary amines. Amoxapine does not have the TCA side chain and hence is neither a tertiary nor secondary amine, although it is often grouped with the

"Canadian Pacific Railway"
the ""Crow Rate"" was permanently replaced by the Western Grain Transportation Act which allowed for the gradual increase of grain shipping prices. The Crowsnest Pass line opened on 18 June 1898, and followed a complicated route through the maze of valleys and passes in southern British Columbia, rejoining the original mainline at Hope after crossing the Cascade Mountains via Coquihalla Pass. The Southern Mainline, generally known as the Kettle Valley Railway in British Columbia, was built in response to the booming mining and smelting economy in southern British Columbia, and the tendency of the local geography to encourage and enable

railway linking the Pacific province to the Eastern provinces within 10 years of 20 July 1871. Macdonald saw it as essential to the creation of a unified Canadian nation that would stretch across the continent. Moreover, manufacturing interests in Quebec and Ontario wanted access to raw materials and markets in Western Canada. The first obstacle to its construction was political. The logical route went through the American Midwest and the city of Chicago, Illinois. In addition to this was the difficulty of building a railroad through the Canadian Rockies; an entirely Canadian route would require crossing of rugged terrain across

pressure on George Stephen for additional benefits. Stephen himself later did admit to spending $1 million between 1881 and 1886 to ensure government support. This money went to buying a £40,000 necklace for Lady MacDonald and numerous other ""bonifications"" to government members. On 7 November 1885, the last spike was driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia, making good on the original promise. Four days earlier, the last spike of the Lake Superior section was driven in just west of Jackfish, Ontario. While the railway was completed four years after the original 1881 deadline, it was completed more than five years ahead

departed from Montreal's Dalhousie Station, located at Berri Street and Notre Dame Street at 8 pm on 28 June 1886, and arrived at Port Moody at noon on 4 July 1886. This train consisted of two baggage cars, a mail car, one second-class coach, two immigrant sleepers, two first-class coaches, two sleeping cars and a diner (several dining cars were used throughout the journey, as they were removed from the train during the night, with another one added the next morning). By that time, however, the CPR had decided to move its western terminus from Port Moody to Granville, which

"Transcontinental railroad"
railroad with the driving of the Last Spike at Craigellachie, British Columbia, on November 7, 1885, is an important milestone in Canadian history. Between 1881 and 1885, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) completed a line that spanned from the port of Montreal to the Pacific coast, fulfilling a condition of British Columbia's 1871 entry into the Canadian Confederation. The City of Vancouver, incorporated in 1886, was designated the western terminus of the line. The CPR became the first transcontinental railway company in North America in 1889 after its International Railway of Maine opened, connecting CPR to the Atlantic coast. The

was renamed ""Vancouver"" later that year. The first official train destined for Vancouver arrived on 23 May 1887, although the line had already been in use for three months. The CPR quickly became profitable, and all loans from the Federal government were repaid years ahead of time. In 1888, a branch line was opened between Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie where the CPR connected with the American railway system and its own steamships. That same year, work was started on a line from London, Ontario, to the Canada–US border at Windsor, Ontario. That line opened on 12 June 1890. The

between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871. It was Canada's first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast. Primarily a freight railway, the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada, and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada. The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position it held as late as

maximum, high, making it one of the longest railway bridges in Canada. In 1916, the CPR replaced its line through Rogers Pass, which was prone to avalanches (the most serious of which killed 62 men in 1910) with the Connaught Tunnel, an eight-kilometre-long (5-mile) tunnel under Mount Macdonald that was, at the time of its opening, the longest railway tunnel in the Western Hemisphere. On 21 January 1910, a passenger train derailed on the CPR line at the Spanish River bridge at Nairn, Ontario (near Sudbury), killing at least 43. The CPR acquired several smaller railways via long-term leases in

Canadian Pacific Railway The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881. The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001. Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately of track all across Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and New York City in the United States. The railway was first built

ordered construction of segments of the railway as a public enterprise under the supervision of the Department of Public Works led by Sandford Fleming. Surveying was carried out during the first years of a number of alternative routes in this virgin territory followed by construction of a telegraph along the lines that had been agreed upon. The Thunder Bay section linking Lake Superior to Winnipeg was commenced in 1875. By 1880, around was nearly complete, mainly across the troublesome Canadian Shield terrain, with trains running on only of track. With Macdonald's return to power on 16 October 1878, a more

"Jeepers Creepers 3"
Jeepers Creepers 3 Jeepers Creepers 3 is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva and the third ""Jeepers Creepers"" film, taking place in between ""Jeepers Creepers"" and ""Jeepers Creepers 2."" Jonathan Breck reprises his role as the Creeper. Gina Philips returns in a cameo as Trish Jenner, her first return to the series since the original film. The film was shown in theaters on September 26, 2017 in what was originally announced as a one-night-only showing and was then shown again on October 4, 2017. A shuriken flies through the air and hits a wooden post

"Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)"
McCoy"" AKA ""Roach"" who is a car thief and regular in the Poho County jail. In the second film, he portrays ""Coach Dwayne Barnes"". On September 11, 2015, ""Jeepers Creepers 3"" was officially greenlit, with a planned 2017 release. Victor Salva returns as director, Jonathan Breck returns as The Creeper, and Gina Philips returns as Trish Jenner, her first screen role in five years. Production was halted in 2016 until it resumed in February 2017, and completed in April. The film opened for what was said would be only a one-night showing on September 26, 2017; it was then shown

of ""Jeepers Creepers 3."" I think that's all I'm allowed to say about it, but he wrote in such detail and he had a lot of flashbacks to what happened over the years that it made it very easy for me. I got to see what will eventually happen to the character and he put enough flashbacks in there that I got to see what happened to her over the last 15 years. Let's just say, there's more to come."" Jeepers Creepers 3 Jeepers Creepers 3 is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva and the

that his new script for ""Jeepers Creepers 3"" is set between the days of ""Jeepers Creepers"" and ""Jeepers Creepers 2"" in 2001, where the Creeper terrorizes a farming community. Philips was brought in to reprise her role as Trish in a cameo. Stan Shaw, who plays a sheriff in this film, confirmed to a fan on Twitter that the ""Cathedral"" storyline was scrapped as that material was more than 12 years old. In January 2017, it was confirmed the film was back in pre-production and that filming would begin in February 2017 in Louisiana, instead of Canada as had originally

as a man runs for his life. When the man reaches the road, the Creeper drops from the sky and flies off with him, while Kenny Brandon watches from his truck. When he gets out to investigate, he looks up in the air and sees a machete fall from the sky, followed by a severed hand. 23 years later, shortly after the events of the first film, the police discover the Creeper's truck filled with dead bodies. The truck has been rigged with several booby-traps, including spikes that emerge from the bed of the truck, and a spear that shoots

Jeepers Creepers (2001 film) Jeepers Creepers is a 2001 American-German horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. The film takes its name from the 1938 song ""Jeepers Creepers"", which is featured in the film. Francis Ford Coppola executive produced, and the film stars Gina Philips, Justin Long, Jonathan Breck, and Eileen Brennan. Philips and Long play two older siblings who become the targets of a demonic creature (Breck) in rural Florida. Trish Jenner (Philips) and her brother Darry (Long) are traveling home from college for spring break. As they drive through the Florida countryside, an old rusty truck (a

2006, the film was officially announced and was tentatively called ""Jeepers Creepers 3: The Creeper Walks Among Us."" MGM had originally planned to release the movie direct to DVD, but was unable to find proper financing. The movie's script was written by Salva with a new title, ""Jeepers Creepers 3: Cathedral"" and Philips set to return as Trish from the first film. For nine more years, the film faced many false starts and setbacks, with Salva saying ""the film has come close many times to going before the cameras and I hope someone sees the wisdom in shooting this."" On

"Creepshow 3"
Creepshow 3 Creepshow 3 is a 2006 American horror film, and a sequel to Stephen King and George A. Romero's horror anthology classics ""Creepshow"" (1982) and ""Creepshow 2"" (1987). It was directed and produced by Ana Clavell and James Dudelson. The film stars Roy Ambrason, Kris Allen, Magi Avila, A. J. Bowen, Elwood Carlisle, Ed Dyer and Bunny Gibson. Like its predecessors, the film is a collection of tales of light-hearted horror: ""Alice"", ""The Radio"", ""Call Girl"", ""The Professor's Wife"" and ""Haunted Dog"", although there is no EC Comics angle this time around. The film was panned by critics. Unlike

the first two ""Creepshow"" installments, in which the wraparound element linking the stories was a horror comic, ""Creepshow III"" takes an approach similar to Quentin Tarantino's ""Pulp Fiction"", in which characters from each story interact with each other during the film. There is also a hot dog stand as a common element in the movie. Brochures, ads and other things from the hot dog stand are peppered throughout. Alice (Stephanie Pettee) is a stuck-up, snotty teenager who comes home to find her father meddling with some kind of universal remote. Whenever he presses one of the buttons on the device,

one night on Wednesday, October 4."" Other participating theaters included Marcus Theaters and Galaxy Theaters. After the theatrical showings, the film had its television premiere on the Syfy network on October 28, 2017. The channel aired an encore showing on October 29. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 26, 2017. After the filming announcement, several photos began to appear on the internet from the post-production of ""Jeepers Creepers 3"", mainly for presenting actor Stan Shaw. Shortly after, a Behind-the-Scenes video of the film was released on social networks. The first teaser trailer ran 30 seconds and

"She's the Man"
28 reviews, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". She's the Man She's the Man is a 2006 American romantic comedy sports film directed by Andy Fickman and starring Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey and Emily Perkins. It is inspired by William Shakespeare's play ""Twelfth Night"". The film centers on teenager Viola Hastings who enters her brother's school in his place, pretending to be a boy, in order to play with the boys' soccer team after her team gets cut at her school. Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teen girl who plays for Cornwall’s soccer team until the team gets

She's the Man She's the Man is a 2006 American romantic comedy sports film directed by Andy Fickman and starring Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey and Emily Perkins. It is inspired by William Shakespeare's play ""Twelfth Night"". The film centers on teenager Viola Hastings who enters her brother's school in his place, pretending to be a boy, in order to play with the boys' soccer team after her team gets cut at her school. Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teen girl who plays for Cornwall’s soccer team until the team gets cut. Meanwhile, her twin brother, Sebastian (James

Kirk), is supposed to enroll in Illyria, an elite boarding school, but he secretly goes to London with his fledgling band instead. Viola agrees to cover for him and decides to pass herself off as Sebastian, in hopes of joining their boys' team and beating Cornwall to prove their coach and her cocky ex-boyfriend, Justin (Robert Hoffman), wrong. With the help of her stylist friend, Paul (Jonathan Sadowski), she is transformed into ""Sebastian"" and attends Illyria in his place. While moving in, she meets her roommate, Duke Orsino (Channing Tatum), an attractive soccer player and Illyria's team captain. During tryouts,

Viola fails to impress Coach Dinklage (Vinnie Jones) and is assigned to second string, much to her dismay. Her teammates, including Duke, initially dislike ""Sebastian"" due to his awkward and strange behavior. However, with help from Paul once again, they begin to accept him into their social circle. ""Sebastian"" then gets the popular and pretty Olivia (Laura Ramsey) as his lab partner, which frustrates Duke, as he has feelings for her. ""Sebastian"" agrees to put in a good word for Duke if he promises to train him to be a better soccer player. Coach Dinklage eventually notices ""Sebastian's"" effort and

"Maxine Bahns"
Maxine Bahns Maxine Lee Bahns (born February 28, 1971) is an American actress, triathlete, and model. She is best known for roles in the films ""The Brothers McMullen"" and ""She's the One"", appearing in both as the love interest of her then-boyfriend, Edward Burns, who directed both films. She also appeared, uncredited, as the murdered wife of the protagonist of the television show ""The Mentalist"". Bahns was born in Vermont, but the family later moved to Long Island. Her father is German-American and her mother was born in Hong Kong of mixed Chinese and Brazilian descent. She has one sister,

"Gillian Iliana Waters"
Gillian Iliana Waters Gillian Iliana White (née Waters) (born January 16, 1975) is an African-American actress, also of Blackfoot Native American and Irish descent. She attended Howard University as an honors student. She majored in Human Communication and Dramatic Arts. Gillian's first break into acting was as the titular character in LL Cool J's video ""Hey Lover"" featuring Boyz II Men. She then appeared as Dr. Dre's wife and tango partner in his music video ""Been There, Done That"". She has been featured in small parts of many well known films, (""Def Jam's How to Be a Player"", ""Jackie Brown"",

"Her (film)"
Her (film) Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written, directed, and produced by Spike Jonze. It marks Jonze's solo screenwriting debut. The film follows Theodore Twombly (Joaquin Phoenix), a man who develops a relationship with Samantha (Scarlett Johansson), an intelligent computer operating system personified through a female voice. The film also stars Amy Adams, Rooney Mara, and Olivia Wilde. Jonze conceived the idea in the early 2000s after reading an article about a website that allowed for instant messaging with an artificial intelligence program. After making ""I'm Here"" (2010), a short film sharing similar themes, Jonze returned

"She's the One (1996 film)"
Edward Burns"" ($70), a DVD set which included ""The Brothers McMullen"" (1995), ""She's the One"" and ""No Looking Back"" (1998)."" She's the One (1996 film) She's the One is a 1996 American romantic comedy film written and directed by New York actor and director Edward Burns. It stars Jennifer Aniston and Cameron Diaz. The film is one of Tom Petty's few movie soundtracks, and is named after the Bruce Springsteen song of the same name. Irish Catholic Mickey Fitzpatrick is a New York City taxi driver, unhappy over an act of infidelity committed by Heather, his ex-fiancée. His brother, Francis,

She's the One (1996 film) She's the One is a 1996 American romantic comedy film written and directed by New York actor and director Edward Burns. It stars Jennifer Aniston and Cameron Diaz. The film is one of Tom Petty's few movie soundtracks, and is named after the Bruce Springsteen song of the same name. Irish Catholic Mickey Fitzpatrick is a New York City taxi driver, unhappy over an act of infidelity committed by Heather, his ex-fiancée. His brother, Francis, is a Wall Street stock investor married to Renee, though she is frustrated by his lack of desire for sexual

"She (1965 film)"
She (1965 film) She is a 1965 British Metrocolor film made by Hammer Film Productions in CinemaScope, based on by H. Rider Haggard. It was directed by Robert Day and stars Ursula Andress, Peter Cushing, Bernard Cribbins, John Richardson, Rosenda Monteros and Christopher Lee. The film was an international success and led to a 1968 sequel, ""The Vengeance of She"", with Olinka Berova in the title role. After receiving honourable discharges from the British Army in Palestine in 1918, Professor Holly (Peter Cushing), young Leo Vincey (John Richardson) and their orderly Job (Bernard Cribbins) embark on an expedition into a

"Darlene Cates"
Darlene Cates Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film ""What's Eating Gilbert Grape"", in which she played the title character's housebound mother. Author and screenwriter Peter Hedges saw a tape of Cates on a 1992 episode of ""Sally"" entitled ""Too Heavy to Leave Their House"". On the show, she discussed her battle with obesity and how it had affected her life. In 1986, pelvic infections caused by her excess weight kept her bedridden for two years, during which she

"What's Eating Gilbert Grape"
his sisters Amy (Laura Harrington) and Ellen (Mary Kate Schellhardt) do the rest. The relationship between the brothers is of both care and protection, as Gilbert continually enforces the ""nobody touches Arnie"" policy. A new FoodLand supermarket has opened, threatening the small Lamson's Grocery where Gilbert works. In addition, Gilbert is having an affair with a married woman, Betty Carver (Mary Steenburgen). The family is looking forward to Arnie's 18th birthday. A young woman named Becky (Juliette Lewis) and her grandmother are stuck in town when the International Harvester Travelall pulling their trailer breaks down. Gilbert's unusual life circumstances threaten

for Arnie (Leonardo DiCaprio), his mentally challenged brother, as they wait for the many tourists' trailers to pass through town during an annual Airstreamer's Club gathering at a nearby recreational area. His father had hanged himself seven years earlier, and since then his mother, Bonnie (Darlene Cates), has spent most of her days on the couch watching TV and eating. With Bonnie unable to care for her children on her own due to her morbid obesity, Gilbert has taken responsibility for repairing the old house and looking after Arnie, who has a habit of climbing the town water tower, while

What's Eating Gilbert Grape What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette Lewis, Darlene Cates, and Leonardo DiCaprio. The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother (Cates) and his mentally impaired younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Midwestern town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, adapted from his 1991 novel of the same name. The film was well-received; DiCaprio received his first Academy Award nomination for his role. In the small town of Endora, Iowa, Gilbert Grape (Johnny Depp) is busy caring

it ""a performance of astonishing innocence and spontaneity"", bringing ""a touching credibility to a very difficult part"". The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics. What's Eating Gilbert Grape What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette Lewis, Darlene Cates, and Leonardo DiCaprio. The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother (Cates) and his mentally impaired younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Midwestern town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, adapted from his 1991

"Laura Harrington"
also appeared in television series including ""Quantum Leap"". She co-wrote the script for the film ""The Moon and the Sun"". Laura Harrington Laura Harrington (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress. Harrington is perhaps best known for her role as the main character's sister in the 1993 film ""What's Eating Gilbert Grape"". Her character was aged around 20 though the actress herself was 35 at the time. She has also had a prominent role in the 1986 film ""Maximum Overdrive"", written and directed by horror novelist Stephen King, in which she played the love interest to Emilio Estevez's character.

Laura Harrington Laura Harrington (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress. Harrington is perhaps best known for her role as the main character's sister in the 1993 film ""What's Eating Gilbert Grape"". Her character was aged around 20 though the actress herself was 35 at the time. She has also had a prominent role in the 1986 film ""Maximum Overdrive"", written and directed by horror novelist Stephen King, in which she played the love interest to Emilio Estevez's character. She had a supporting role in the 1997 film ""The Devil's Advocate"", alongside Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino. Harrington has

performance has a sharp, desperate intensity from beginning to end."" Roger Ebert of ""Chicago Sun-Times"" described it as ""… one of the most enchanting films of the year"" and said that DiCaprio deserved to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for which he was nominated. Todd McCarthy of ""Variety"" found the film a ""bemused view on life"" and remarked that ""Depp manages to command center screen with a greatly affable, appealing characterization."" ""The Washington Post""s Desson Howe thought the film was an earnest but highly predictable effort. ""Film Review"" praised Leonardo DiCaprio as the mentally handicapped brother, calling

"Alexis Goodlooking and the Case of the Missing Whisky"
Jack (Alec Baldwin) advises Kenneth (Jack McBrayer) to destroy a potential rival in his new job; and Jenna (Jane Krakowski) uses skills from an old role to solve the mystery of who took Pete's (Scott Adsit) whisky. Frank's mother Silvia (Patti LuPone) confronts Liz (Tina Fey) in the writers' room for allegedly having an affair with Frank (Judah Friedlander), before realizing that she approves of the match. After she leaves, Frank admits that he lied about their relationship to cover up his longtime affair with his old middle school teacher, Lynn Onkman (Susan Sarandon). When he excuses Liz from dinner

"Our Vines Have Tender Grapes"
G. Robinson), his wife Bruna (Agnes Moorehead) and their seven-year-old daughter Selma (Margaret O'Brien), who is often bedeviled by her playmate and five-year-old cousin Arnold (Jackie 'Butch' Jenkins). Martinius simply wants to work his land and be a loving husband and father to his family. The one great ambition in the life of Martinius is to build a new barn, but tragedy strikes. How the family copes with that is the core and the charm of the film. Selma lives a carefree, joyous life, which is only temporarily clouded by the sudden death of Ingeborg Jensen (Dorothy Morris), an emotionally

the fertile crescent is located between what two bodies of water

"Fertile Crescent"
civilization"". It is in this region where the first libraries appeared, some 5,000 years ago. The oldest known library was found in northern Syria, in the ruins of Ebla, a major commercial center that was destroyed around 1650 BCE. Both the Tigris and Euphrates start in the Taurus Mountains of what is modern-day Turkey. Farmers in southern Mesopotamia had to protect their fields from flooding each year, except northern Mesopotamia which had just enough rain to make some farming possible. To protect against flooding, they made levees. Since the Bronze Age, the region's natural fertility has been greatly extended by

Crescent includes Israel, Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan, as well as the surrounding portions of Turkey and Iran. Water sources include the Jordan River. The inner boundary is delimited by the dry climate of the Syrian Desert to the south. Around the outer boundary are the Anatolian highlands to the north, the Sahara Desert to the west and the Iranian Plateau to the east. As crucial as rivers and marshlands were to the rise of civilization in the Fertile Crescent, they were not the only factor. The area is geographically important as the ""bridge"" between Africa and Eurasia,

side toward the south, having the west end at the southeast corner of the Mediterranean, the center directly north of Arabia, and the east end at the north end of the Persian Gulf (see map, p. 100). It lies like an army facing south, with one wing stretching along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the other reaching out to the Persian Gulf, while the center has its back against the northern mountains. The end of the western wing is Palestine; Assyria makes up a large part of the center; while the end of the eastern wing is Babylonia.This

Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East where agriculture and early human civilizations such as Sumer flourished. Technological advances in the region include the development of writing, glass, the wheel, agriculture, and the use of irrigation. It has been called the ""cradle of civilization"". The Fertile Crescent lies in all of Iraq (Mesopotamia), and parts of Israel/Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan as well as the southeastern fringe of Turkey and the western fringes of Iran. Some authors include Cyprus. The Fertile Crescent is an old name which was mostly only used to refer

great semicircle, for lack of a name, may be called the Fertile Crescent. It may also be likened to the shores of a desert-bay, upon which the mountains behind look down—a bay not of water but of sandy waste, some across, forming a northern extension of the Arabian desert and sweeping as far north as the latitude of the northeast corner of the Mediterranean. This desert-bay is a limestone plateau of some height—too high indeed to be watered by the Tigris and Euphrates, which have cut cañons obliquely across it. Nevertheless, after the meager winter rains, wide tracts of the

and into the second, several language groups already existed in the region. These included: Links between Hurro-Urartian and Hattic and the indigenous languages of the Caucasus have frequently been suggested, but are not generally accepted. Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East where agriculture and early human civilizations such as Sumer flourished. Technological advances in the region include the development of writing, glass, the wheel, agriculture, and the use of irrigation. It has been called the ""cradle of civilization"". The Fertile Crescent lies in all of Iraq (Mesopotamia), and parts of Israel/Palestine, Syria, Lebanon,

irrigation works, upon which much of its agricultural production continues to depend. The last two millennia have seen repeated cycles of decline and recovery as past works have fallen into disrepair through the replacement of states, to be replaced under their successors. Another ongoing problem has been salination — gradual concentration of salt and other minerals in soils with a long history of irrigation. Prehistoric seedless figs were discovered at Gilgal I in the Jordan Valley, suggesting that fig trees were being planted some 11,400 years ago. Cereals were already grown in Syria as long as 9,000 years ago. Small

of high snow-covered mountains. The Fertile Crescent had many diverse climates, and major climatic changes encouraged the evolution of many ""r"" type annual plants, which produce more edible seeds than ""K"" type perennial plants. The region's dramatic variety in elevation gave rise to many species of edible plants for early experiments in cultivation. Most importantly, the Fertile Crescent was home to the eight Neolithic founder crops important in early agriculture (i.e., wild progenitors to emmer wheat, einkorn, barley, flax, chick pea, pea, lentil, bitter vetch), and four of the five most important species of domesticated animals—cows, goats, sheep, and pigs;

which has allowed it to retain a greater amount of biodiversity than either Europe or North Africa, where climate changes during the Ice Age led to repeated extinction events when ecosystems became squeezed against the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The Saharan pump theory posits that this Middle Eastern land-bridge was extremely important to the modern distribution of Old World flora and fauna, including the spread of humanity. The area has borne the brunt of the tectonic divergence between the African and Arabian plates and the converging Arabian and Eurasian plates, which has made the region a very diverse zone

The western zone around the Jordan and upper Euphrates rivers gave rise to the first known Neolithic farming settlements (referred to as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA), which date to around 9,000 BCE (and includes sites such as Göbekli Tepe and Jericho). This region, alongside Mesopotamia (which lies to the east of the Fertile Crescent, between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates), also saw the emergence of early complex societies during the succeeding Bronze Age. There is also early evidence from the region for writing and the formation of hierarchical statelevel societies. This has earned the region the nickname ""The cradle of

"Los Angeles Resistance Cell"
Visitors themselves, who made him into the Most Wanted Man on Earth. In the (unaired) series finale, Mike and the rest of his Resistance group narrowly escape the Los Angeles Mothership, although Julie is vaporized, and narrowly escape back to Earth, where they are reunited with Ham Tyler. Mike and the rest of the group are now hunting for an artifact called the ""Anyx"" to use against the Visitors amidst the devastation wrought by the Visitors during the temporary Armistice, which the Visitors took advantage of to crush the majority of the Resistance. It was thought that Mike was killed

"Cell (Dragon Ball)"
better fight, and upon doing so, he assumes his final form, which is much more human like and eloquent. In this form, Cell easily defeats Krillin, Vegeta, and Trunks, but spares all of them so that they can come to his own fighting tournament, the to find a worthy opponent to face him, intending to destroy Earth when he wins and wanting to enjoy the fear he causes in others. A week later, in the first round of the Cell Games, he quickly defeats Mr. Satan before moving onto Goku, who quits upon realizing Cell is stronger than him. Goku

but is prevented from doing so by Krillin, giving chase to the three and nearly killing Krillin before he notices Piccolo and Tien Shinhan on the way and escapes. In his posthumous appearances, he is shown causing trouble in Hell along with Frieza, King Cold and the Ginyu Force. He is defeated by Goku and Pikkon and sent to prison, and is later seen watching Goku's battle with Majin Buu on a crystal ball, openly wondering why Goku quit against him and then went on to fight Buu, whom he acknowledges to be a stronger opponent than himself. A few

"Battle Royale (film)"
reappears surrounded by JSDF soldiers, explaining to the class that they are chosen to participate in the annual Battle Royale as a result of the Act: they have three days to fight to the death until a victor emerges, while explosive collars will kill uncooperative students or those within daily ""danger zones"". Each student is provided rations, water, a map of the island, compass, and a random weapon. Kitano personally kills two of the students for disobedience, one of them being Shuya's best friend Yoshitoki Kuninobu. The first six hours see twelve deaths, four by suicide, and most caused by

is killed by the Visitors, Caleb and Elias both become active members of the Resistance to avenge his death. When Willie was captured for research into the Visitors biology, Caleb vouched for his survival and freedom as he considered him more trustworthy than most Visitors. During the discussion for the final attack on the Visitors with the Red Dust toxin, Caleb feared nuclear annihilation and voted against it, while Elias supported it. Caleb is proud of the man Elias has now become and accompanies Elias, Mike Donovan, Julie Parrish, Sancho Gomez, Harmony Moore, Willie and many others onto the Visitor

"Prison Break"
to obtain Scylla. Although the team initially believes it to be The Company's ""black book,"" it is later revealed to contain information on an advanced renewable power cell. Over the course of the first half of the season, the team obtains cards to access Scylla and breaks into Company headquarters to steal it, Sara is discovered to be alive, Bellick dies when he sacrifices himself, and Self is revealed to be a double agent intent on selling Scylla to the highest bidder. Reluctantly, Lincoln decides to join The Company to get it back, while Michael suffers from a hypothalamic hamartoma.

On the planet Jakku, Resistance pilot Poe Dameron receives a map to Luke's location from Lor San Tekka. Stormtroopers commanded by Kylo Ren destroy the village and capture Poe, while Kylo kills San Tekka. Poe's droid escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger, Rey, near a junkyard settlement. Kylo tortures Poe using the Force and learns of . Stormtrooper , unwilling to kill for the First Order, frees Poe, and they escape in a stolen TIE fighter; Poe names ""Finn"". As they turn back to Jakku to retrieve , they are shot down by a First Order Star Destroyer

Cell laments his lack of power before being confronted by Frieza, who offers him a deal where the two divulge information to each other. The player becomes connected to Cell after Goku is shot by Android 21, and fights Android 21 while controlling Cell's body. Cell escapes from Android 21 with another ""Solar Flare"", and the player returns to Goku from the strain on Cell's body Cell is also a playable character in the crossover fighting game ""Battle Stadium D.O.N."", as well as a support character in the Shonen Jump crossover ""Jump Ultimate Stars"". Norio Wakamoto is the Japanese voice

"Convictions (Babylon 5)"
Convictions (Babylon 5) Convictions is an episode from the third season of the science-fiction television series ""Babylon 5"". Groups of religious sects from the various races arrive at ""Babylon 5"" after Ambassador Kosh revealed his true form to all in saving Sheridan's life. Among these are Brother Theo and a group of humans (that request to actually live on the station) to Ivanova. Theo points out they are all intelligent people and experts in several fields and may be able to offer their services, if needed. An explosion kills two civilians, and after investigating, it's determined to be set off

the desperate, psychotic Mitsuko Souma and psychopathic volunteer Kazuo Kiriyama. Transfer student Shogo Kawada lets Shuya go, while basketball player Shinji Mimura plots to hack into the military's computer system to disrupt the program. Amid shifting loyalties and violent confrontations, Shuya promises to keep Noriko safe as Yoshitoki secretly loved her. He carries her to a clinic, where Kawada reveals that he won a previous Battle Royale at the cost of his girlfriend, Keiko Onuki, whose death he seeks to avenge. When Kiriyama attacks, Shuya entrusts Kawada to protect Noriko and runs as a distraction. Although saved by Hiroki Sugimura,

Asia, in addition to Afghanistan, which was a British protectorate until 1919, after the Afghans lost to the British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war. The mountain countries of Nepal and Bhutan, and the island countries of Sri Lanka and Maldives are generally included as well. Myanmar (formerly Burma) is often added, and by various deviating definitions based on often substantially different reasons, the British Indian Ocean Territory and the Tibet Autonomous Region are included as well. The common concept of South Asia is largely inherited from the administrative boundaries of the British Raj, with several exceptions. The Aden Colony, British

Indian Subcontinent occupies the major landmass of South Asia"", while the political science professor Tatu Vanhanen states, ""the seven countries of South Asia constitute geographically a compact region around the Indian Subcontinent"". According to Chris Brewster, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan constitute the Indian subcontinent; with Afghanistan and Maldives included it is more commonly referred to as South Asia. The geopolitical boundaries of Indian subcontinent, according to Dhavendra Kumar, include ""India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and other small islands of the Indian Ocean"". Maldives, the country consisting of a small archipelago southwest of the peninsula,

Asia
Malay Archipelago. The Maluku Islands in Indonesia are often considered to lie on the border of southeast Asia, with New Guinea, to the east of the islands, being wholly part of Oceania. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several vastly different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the colonial possessions of the various empires there (not all European). Lewis and Wigen assert, ""The narrowing of 'Southeast Asia' to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process.""

a high degree of variation as to which other countries are included in South Asia. Modern definitions of South Asia are consistent in including Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives as the constituent countries. Myanmar is included by some scholars in South Asia, but in Southeast Asia by others. Some do not include Afghanistan, others question whether Afghanistan should be considered a part of South Asia or the Middle East. The current territories of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, which were the core of the British Empire from 1857 to 1947, form the central region of South

"Southeast Asia"
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of Japan and China, east of India, west of Papua New Guinea, and north of Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere, although the majority of it is in the Northern

Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. South Asia covers about 5.2 million km (2 million mi), which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world's land surface area. The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. Overall, it accounts

considered part of Maritime Southeast Asia. Eastern Bangladesh and Northeast India have strong cultural ties with Southeast Asia and sometimes considered both South Asian and Southeast Asian. Sri Lanka has on some occasions been considered a part of Southeast Asia because of its cultural ties to mainland Southeast Asia. The rest of the island of New Guinea which is not part of Indonesia, namely, Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included, and so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, which were all part of the Spanish East Indies with strong cultural and linguistic ties to the region, specifically, the

Somaliland and Singapore, though administered at various times under the Raj, have not been proposed as any part of South Asia. Additionally Burma was administered as part of the Raj until 1937, but is now considered a part of Southeast Asia and is a member state of ASEAN. The 562 princely states that were protected by but not directly ruled by the Raj became administrative parts of South Asia upon joining Union of India or Dominion of Pakistan. Geopolitically, it had formed the whole territory of Greater India, The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), a contiguous block of

"Indian subcontinent"
Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geologically, the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago. Geographically, it is the peninsular region in south-central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east. Politically, the Indian subcontinent includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Sometimes, the geographical term

"Nuclear power plant"
1954, the world's first nuclear power station to generate electricity for a power grid started operations at the Soviet city of Obninsk. The world's first full scale power station, Calder Hall in England, opened on October 17, 1956. The world's first full scale power station solely devoted to electricity production (Calder Hall was also meant to produce plutonium), Shippingport power plant in the United States, connected to the grid on December 18, 1957. The key components common to current nuclear power plants are: The conversion to electrical energy takes place indirectly, as in conventional thermal power stations. The fission in

maintenance (O&M) and fuel costs are, along with hydropower stations, at the low end of the spectrum and make them suitable as base-load power suppliers. The cost of spent fuel management, however, is somewhat uncertain. Electricity was generated by a nuclear reactor for the first time ever on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the United States, which was the first nuclear power station to power a light bulb. The second, larger experiment occurred on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho in the United States. On June 27,

"Nuclear power"
record of the demonstration, of supplying some 2 megawatts(2 MW) of electricity, was presented to the United Nations, Where at the ""First Geneva Conference"", the world's largest gathering of scientists and engineers, met to explore the technology in that year. In 1957 EURATOM was launched alongside the European Economic Community (the latter is now the European Union). The same year also saw the launch of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The world's first ""commercial nuclear power station"", Calder Hall at Windscale, England, was opened in 1956 with an initial capacity of 50 MW (later 200 MW), it was the

first of a fleet of dual-purpose MAGNOX reactors, though officially code-named PIPPA(Pressurized Pile Producing Power and Plutonium) by the UKAEA to denote the plant's dual commercial and military role. The U.S. Army, nuclear power program, formally commenced in 1954. Under its management, the 2 megawatt SM-1, at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, was the first in the United States to supply electricity in an industrial capacity to the commercial grid (VEPCO), in April 1957. The first commercial nuclear station to become operational in the United States was the 60 MW Shippingport Reactor (Pennsylvania, in December 1957. The 3 MW SL-1 was a

environment resulting from damage to a reactor core). with the U.S. Navy fleet of nuclear-powered ships, standing at some 80 vessels as of 2018. On June 27, 1954, the USSR's Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, based on what would become the prototype of the RBMK reactor design, became the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid, producing around 5 megawatts of electric power. On July 17, 1955 the BORAX III reactor, the prototype to later Boiling Water Reactors, became the first to generate electricity for an entire community, the town of Arco, Idaho. A motion picture

war, Seaborg and others would file hundreds of initially classifed patents, most notably Eugene Wigner and Alvin Weinberg's Patent #2,736,696, on a conceptual light water reactor (LWR) that would later become the United States' primary reactor for naval propulsion and later take up the greatest share of the commercial fission-electric landscape. The United Kingdom, Canada, and the USSR proceeded to research and develop nuclear energy over the course of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Electricity was generated for the first time by a nuclear reactor on December 20, 1951, at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho, which initially

U.S. Army experimental nuclear power reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station in eastern Idaho, derived from the Borax Boiling water reactor(BWR) design, it first achieving operational criticality/connection to the grid in 1958. In 1961 During a manual removal of a control rod, it underwent a steam explosion and meltdown, which killed its three operators. The event was eventually rated at 4 on the seven-level INES scale. The 's liquid metal cooled reactor accident in 1968 resulted in 9 fatalities and 83 other injuries. The total global installed nuclear capacity initially rose relatively quickly, rising from less than 1 gigawatt

"Nuclear reactor"
lower than had previously been thought. The memorandum was a product of the MAUD Committee, which was working on the UK atomic bomb project, known as Tube Alloys, later to be subsumed within the Manhattan Project. Eventually, the first artificial nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, was constructed at the University of Chicago, by a team led by Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, in late 1942. By this time, the program had been pressured for a year by U.S. entry into the war. The Chicago Pile achieved criticality on 2 December 1942 at 3:25 PM. The reactor support structure was made of wood,

the cusp of World War II, for the development of a nuclear weapon. In the United States, where Fermi and Szilárd had both emigrated, the discovery of the nuclear chain reaction led to the creation of the first man-made reactor, known as Chicago Pile-1, which achieved criticality on December 2, 1942. This work became part of the Manhattan Project, a massive secret U.S. government military project to make enriched uranium and by building large production reactors to produce (""breed"") plutonium for use in the first nuclear weapons. The United States would test an atom bomb in July 1945 with the

"Nuclear power in the United Kingdom"
of the Bradwell nuclear power station. EDF Energy owns and manages the seven currently operating reactor sites, with a combined capacity approaching 9,000 megawatts. Six new plants are proposed to be built in the next few decades. All nuclear installations in the UK are overseen by the Office for Nuclear Regulation. The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) was established in 1954 as a statutory corporation to oversee and pioneer the development of nuclear energy within the United Kingdom. The first station to be connected to the grid, on 27 August 1956, was Calder Hall, although the production of weapons-grade

"Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang"
stating ""the film is an ingenious entertainment machine fuelled by a profound understanding of what children enjoy, whether it's cowpats, talking welly boots or piglets doing synchronised swimming. Thompson has written a properly funny script, which is performed superbly by Ifans, Maggie Smith, Bill Bailey, Ralph Fiennes and some estimable child actors."" Eros Vlahos was nominated for Best Leading Young Actor at the Young Artist Awards 2011 against Noah Ringer for ""The Last Airbender"", Zachary Gordon for ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" and Jaden Smith (winner) for ""The Karate Kid"". In the UK, the film opened at number one, with

Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Maggie Smith. The film was theatrically released on August 20, 2010 by Universal Pictures. The film received positive reviews from critics and it earned $93.2 million on a $35 million budget. It also received a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Performance in a Feature Film. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 19 June 2010. On a farm during World War II, while her husband is away at war, Isabel Green is driven to her wits end by her hectic life. Between trying to keep the family

Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels. It is a sequel to the 2005 film ""Nanny McPhee"". It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's ""Nurse Matilda"" books. Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes,

"Nanny McPhee"
Emma Thompson revealed on ""Friday Night with Jonathan Ross"" that two more films were planned. The second film, ""Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang"" (also called ""Nanny McPhee Returns""), was released in March 2010. It co-stars Rhys Ifans, Maggie Smith, Ralph Fiennes and Maggie Gyllenhaal. The character of Aggie Brown returns as the now elderly Mrs. Docherty. In it, Nanny McPhee takes charge of the children of a woman whose husband has gone to war. A third film was planned to be set in modern-day England but, despite taking $93 million at the box-office, the sequel under-performed to studio expectations

were cancelled for future films. Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels. It is a sequel to the 2005 film ""Nanny McPhee"". It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's ""Nurse Matilda"" books. Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also

Mrs. Biggles. He desperately attempts to make Isabel sell her half of the farm, using mean and spiteful schemes to leave her no choice. Isabel takes the children on a picnic during which an ARP Warden, Mr. Docherty, warns them about bombs and how he imagines a pilot might accidentally release his bomb. At the end of the picnic, Uncle Phil delivers a telegram saying Isabel's husband was killed in action. Isabel and everyone else believes the telegram, but Norman says that he can ""feel it in his bones"" that his father is not dead. He tells this to Cyril,

film, which is adapted from Christianna Brand's ""Nurse Matilda"" books. A sequel, ""Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang"" was released in 2010. The filming location is Penn House Estate, Penn Street, Buckinghamshire, England. In Victorian England in the 1860s, widowed undertaker Cedric Brown has seven unruly children. He is clumsy and loves his children, but since the death of his wife, has spent little time with them and cannot handle them. The children have had a series of nannies, whom they have systematically driven out by their bad behaviour. They also take great pleasure in terrorizing their cook, Mrs. Blatherwick.

"Lindsay Doran"
and didn't believe in it. A lot of people wanted to do it and Working Title came to us and were interested in working with Emma and with Kirk Jones who was attached as the director so they were willing to put up the money through Universal so we made the movie that way."" They released its sequel, ""Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang"", in 2010. Other films Doran oversaw included ""Tomorrow Never Dies"", ""The World Is Not Enough"", ""Ronin"", and ""The Thomas Crown Affair"". Lindsay Doran Lindsay Doran (c. 1949) is an American film producer and studio executive who

While he is gone, Cyril tells Norman that he and Celia have been sent away because their parents will be splitting up, and Norman asks where Cyril and Celia will live. When Cyril replies ""with Mum, I suppose, not that it makes much difference, she only ever really sees us when she wants to show us off"", Norman tells Cyril that he and Celia are welcome to live on the farm with the Greens. Lord Gray returns and tells Norman that his father is not dead, but is missing in action, and that there is no record of a telegram

on 14 December 2010. Critical response for the film was positive. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 76% based on 115 reviews, with the site's consensus stating: ""Emma Thompson's second labor of love with the Nanny McPhee character actually improves on the first, delivering charming family fare with an excellent cast."" ""News of the World"" gave it 4/5 stars, stating the film was ""smart, witty and beautifully crafted – exactly what you want from a family film"" and excited about the next film said ""Roll on Nanny McThree"". ""The Independent"" gave a very favourable review,

"The Taming of the Shrew in performance"
The Taming of the Shrew in performance ""The Taming of the Shrew"" in performance has had an uneven history. Popular in Shakespeare's day, the play fell out of favour during the seventeenth century, when it was replaced on the stage by John Lacy's ""Sauny the Scott"". The original Shakespearean text was not performed at all during the eighteenth century, with David Garrick's adaptation ""Catharine and Petruchio"" dominating the stage. After over two hundred years without a performance, the play returned to the British stage in 1844, the last Shakespeare play restored to the repertory. However, it was only in the

1890s that the dominance of ""Catharine and Petruchio"" began to wain, and productions of ""The Shrew"" become more regular. Moving into the twentieth century, the play's popularity increased considerably, and it became one of Shakespeare's most frequently staged plays, with productions taking place all over the world. This trend has continued into the twenty-first century, with the play as popular now as it was when first written. The earliest known performance of the play is recorded in Philip Henslowe's diary on 11 June 1594, performed by the Lord Admiral's Men and the Lord Chamberlain's Men at Newington Butts Theatre; ""begininge

at newing ton my Lord Admeralle men & my Lorde chamberlen men as ffolowethe [...] 11 of June 1594 Rd at the tamynge of A Shrowe."" This could have been either ""A Shrew"" or ""The Shrew"", but as the Lord Chamberlain's Men were sharing the theatre at the time, and as such Shakespeare himself would have been there, scholars tend to assume it was ""The Shrew"". The earliest definite performance of ""The Shrew"" was at court before Charles I and Henrietta Maria on 26 November 1633, where it was described as being ""likt"". Aside from the court performance, evidence of

Act 2, Scene 1, after she has tied Bianca's hands together. Critics praised this alteration, feeling it was a more explosive introduction to the character. The production was hugely successful and ran for 121 performances. It subsequently toured internationally, and was performed to critical acclaim at the Gaiety Theatre, London in March 1888 and the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in August. It was also chosen as the inaugural performance at Daly's Theatre in London on 12 March 1893. Most critics consider the success of Daly's production as critical in breaking the dominance of ""Catharine and Petruchio"" on both sides of the

""First Folio"" text throughout the play, he ""much abbreviated"" Katherina's final speech. In the United States, Shakespeare's ""The Shrew"" was first performed in 1887, directed by Augustin Daly at Daly's Theatre in New York, starring Ada Rehan and John Drew. Despite claims the production was pure Shakespeare, Daly made several alterations. For example, the Bianca subplot was heavily cut to allow more focus on the taming storyline. Daly also reorganised Act 4 so that Scene 2 (the arrival of the pedant in Padua) was followed by Scene 4 (the pedant confirms the dowry for Bianca), and Scene 1 (Petruchio and

the play's stage history during the seventeenth century is relatively sparse. The title page of the 1631 quarto states the play had been acted by the King's Men at both the Globe and Blackfriars. The King's Men only began performing at Blackfriars in 1610, suggesting the play was still popular enough to be performed at least sixteen years after its debut. However, there is no further information available. Apart from a possible production at Drury Lane in 1663 or 1664, the play's place on the stage was taken by John Lacy's adaptation, ""Sauny the Scot"" at some point during the

only began to dwindle in popularity when afterpieces became less fashionable in the mid-eighteenth century. Prior to that, however, it was a huge success on both sides of the Atlantic; it was first staged in North America in 1768 at the John Street Theatre, starring Margaret Cheer and Lewis Hallam. It was performed at John Philip Kemble's benefit in 1788, with a text he had prepared himself, which deviated slightly from Garrick's, starring Sarah Siddons and Kemble himself. Kemble continued to play the role for many years, including a run opposite his wife, Priscilla Kemble, in 1810. Previously, Kemble's brother,

seventeenth century. The original play seems not to have been performed at all during the eighteenth century, and instead a range of adaptations held the stage, most notably David Garrick's 1754 adaptation, ""Catharine and Petruchio"". Shakespeare's ""The Shrew"" was not performed again until 1844, the last of his plays restored to the repertory, 211 years since the last definite performance. That year, Benjamin Webster directed a production designed by J.R. Planché at the Haymarket Theatre. Starring Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett as Katherina and Webster himself as Petruchio, the production was staged in a minimalist Elizabethan manner, with only two simple locations;

The play ends with her thoroughly tamed. Lacy's work premiered at Drury Lane in 1667, starring Susanna Verbruggen and George Powell. Samuel Pepys saw it on 9 April and again on 1 November, enjoying it on both occasions. The play was popular enough that it was still being performed as late as 1732, when it was staged at Goodman's Fields Theatre, and it seems to have supplanted ""Shrew""s place on the English stage for the rest of the seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. In 1716, two rival adaptations, both named ""The Cobler of Preston"", opened in

London. One, by Christopher Bullock, opened at Lincoln's Inn Fields in January 1716, and the other, by Charles Johnson, opened at Drury Lane the following month. Both concentrated on the practical joke element of the Induction and omitted entirely the Petruchio/Katherina story. Bullock renamed the character Sir Toby Guzzle, and Johnson called him Kit Sly. Both plays were short farces, designed to fill one half of a play bill. Bullock's play proved more popular, being printed four times, and performed as late as 1759. The most successful adaptation was David Garrick's ""Catharine and Petruchio"", which was first performed at Drury

"Harry Potter in translation"
plus the original English. The number of authorized translations is not equal to the number of languages because there have been multiple authorized translations into the same language. Specifically, there have been two separate translations into each of: Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian and Turkish (6 languages). English is often included in the list of translations even though technically it should not be. Thus: 82 − 1 English − 6 double-translations = 75. It is also worthwhile to emphasize that not all seven books have been translated into these 75 languages. The 82 total does not include other linguistically

as can be determined (as of 2018), The Philosopher's Stone has been officially translated from the original English into 75 other languages, the most recent being Hawaiian, in August 2018, preceded by Scots, which was released on 23 November 2017. Both Bloomsbury's and J.K. Rowling's sites have recently stated that the books have been translated into 79 languages (their count would now likely be 82 with the subsequent 2018 release of Hawaiian, the 2017 release of Scots and a new Mongolian translation); however, it has been argued that number actually represents the number of authorized translations (of The Philosopher's Stone)

Harry Potter in translation The ""Harry Potter"" series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. Additionally, regional adaptations of the books have been made to accommodate regional dialects such as the American

asked Rowling about the gender of some of the characters—Zabini, Professor Sinistra, and ""R.A.B.""—while working on her translations. Harry Potter in translation The ""Harry Potter"" series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century

"Bible translations"
Bible translations The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. the full Bible has been translated into 670 languages, the New Testament has been translated into 1,521 languages and Bible portions or stories into 1,121 other languages. Thus at least some portion of the Bible has been translated into 3,312 languages. YouVersion (Bible.com) has the Bible in 1218 languages and in 1741 translations. The Latin Vulgate was dominant in Western Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into many more languages. English Bible translations also have

has been translated into two dialects of the same language in two countries (for example, separate Portuguese versions for Brazil and for Portugal). The original British English versions of the book were published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury. There is no complete official list of authorised translations currently available. Editions exist in the following languages (including the original): The impatience of the international Harry Potter fan community for translations of the books has led to the proliferation of unauthorised or pirate translations that are often hastily translated and posted on the internet chapter-by-chapter, or printed by small presses and

languages have not appeared. Some translations, such as those to the dead Latin and Ancient Greek languages, were done as academic exercises, to stimulate interest in the languages and to provide students of those languages with modern reading texts. The Ancient Greek version, according to the translator, is the longest text written in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD, and took about a year to complete. Note that in some countries, such as Spain and India, the book has been translated into several local languages (see section on publishers); sometimes the book

""Harry Potter"" include cultural references, riddles, anticipating future plot points, and Rowling's creative names for characters and other elements in the magical world which often involve wordplay and descriptive phonology. For an authorised translation, the publisher must first negotiate and sign a contract with the author's agents, The Blair Partnership. A list of authorised publishers can be read on J. K. Rowling’s website. The publishers select translators locally. Translators were not granted access to the books before their official release date in English; hence, translation could start only after the English editions had been published, creating a lag of several

"Harry Potter"
Welsh, Afrikaans, Albanian, Latvian, Vietnamese and Hawaiian. The first volume has been translated into Latin and even Ancient Greek, making it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. The second volume has also been translated into Latin. Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well-known authors before their work on ""Harry Potter"", such as Viktor Golyshev, who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book. The Turkish translation of books two to seven was undertaken by Sevin Okyay, a popular literary critic and

is available in 1,333 languages and many more have at least one book of the Bible available. A variety of linguistic, philological and ideological approaches to translation have been used. Inside the Bible-translation community, these are commonly categorized as: though modern linguists, such as Bible scholar Dr. Joel Hoffman, disagree with this classification. As Hebrew and Greek, the original languages of the Bible, like all languages, have some idioms and concepts not easily translated, there is in some cases an ongoing critical tension about whether it is better to give a word for word translation or to give a translation

"New York Giants"
is the only one of that group still existing, as well as the league's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States. The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl (XXI (1986), XXV (1990), XLII (2007), and XLVI (2011)), along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9). Throughout their history, the Giants have featured 28 Hall

State. On December 9, 2018, the Giants became the first team in NFL history to win 100 regular season games against an opponent. The Giants have won a total of eight League Championships: 1927, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1986, 1990, 2007 and 2011. The first four of those championships came in the pre-Super Bowl era. New York's eight championships put them third among all active and defunct NFL teams, trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13) and the Chicago Bears (9). Before the Super Bowl was instituted, the Giants won four officially recognized NFL championships. The Giants have won four Super

the Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20, to

down at the 1-yard line but his momentum carried him in, thus the ""reluctant touchdown."" As was the case in each of their four previous Super Bowl appearances, the Giants trailed at halftime. They are the only team in NFL history to have more than two second half, come-from-behind, Super Bowl victories (4). The Pittsburgh Steelers, who accomplished the feat in Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIV, are the only other team to do it more than once. The Giants began the 2012 season with a home loss to the Cowboys, but rebounded to finish October with a 6–2

Bowls, tied with Green Bay for the fifth most behind only Dallas, San Francisco and New England (all with 5), and Pittsburgh (6). The Giants have won five NFC Championship Games, including two in overtime in 2007 and 2011. With over 80 years of team history, the Giants have used numerous uniforms and logos, while maintaining a consistent identity. The Giants' logos include several incarnations of a giant quarterback preparing to throw a football, a lowercase ""ny"", and stylized versions of the team nickname. Giants' jerseys are traditionally blue or red (or white with blue or red accents), and their

During this period in their history, standout players included defensive end Michael Strahan, who set the NFL single season record in sacks in 2001, and running back Tiki Barber, who set a team record for rushing yards in a season in 2005. Barber retired at the end of the 2006 season. Going into 2007, the Giants had made the playoffs in back-to-back seasons. In 2007, the Giants became the third NFL franchise to win at least 600 games when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 31–10 on ""Monday Night Football"". For the 2007 season, the NFL scheduled the Giants' road game

would become the team's head coach. He replaced Tom Coughlin, who had resigned the previous week. The Giants turned it around in 2016, ending their five-year playoff drought. The Giants later lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13 in the Wild Card round. After having high expectations due to their 11–5 record in 2016, the Giants had an unexpected 0–5 start to the season, before pulling a massive upset versus the Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High for their first win of the season. However, during the Week 5 game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Odell Beckham Jr.

to a self-inflicted gunshot wound to wide receiver Plaxico Burress. However, the Giants still won the NFC East with a record of 12–4, and clinched the number one seed in the NFC after beating the Carolina Panthers for home field advantage and a first-round bye. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, the Giants lost 23–11 to the Philadelphia Eagles at home. In 2009, the Giants opened a new training complex, the Timex Performance Center, also located in the Meadowlands. After starting 5–0 in the 2009 season, New York lost to the likewise undefeated New Orleans Saints at the Superdome

record and on a four-game winning streak that included a 26–3 road victory against the eventual NFC champion San Francisco 49ers. Following the arrival of Hurricane Sandy in the Northeastern United States, the Giants lost back-to-back games against the Steelers and Bengals to fall to 6–4. Despite impressive blowout home victories over the Packers, Saints and Eagles, the Giants finished the season 9–7 and out of the playoffs. The Redskins won the division with a 10–6 record, only to lose to the Seahawks 24–14 in Wild Card Weekend. QB Eli Manning, DE Jason Pierre-Paul, WR Victor Cruz, and G Chris

for the NFC Championship Game, in which they defeated the Minnesota Vikings 41–0. They advanced to play the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Though the Giants went into halftime down only 10–0, the Ravens dominated the second half. Their defense harassed Kerry Collins all game long, resulting in Collins completing only 15 of 39 passes for 112 yards and 4 interceptions. The Ravens won the game 34–7. After a disappointing 7–9 record in 2001, the Giants finished the 2002 season with a record of 10–6, qualifying for the playoffs as a wild card. This set up a meeting with

"The Real (talk show)"
The Real (talk show) The Real is an American syndicated talk show. The series initially received a trial run on Fox owned markets in the summer of 2013. The series was developed as a talk show designed to appeal to younger female viewers who, like the co-hosts, were experiencing new events in their lives. It was green-lit for national syndication later that fall and officially premiered the following year. On January 3, 2018, Fox Television Stations picked up two more seasons of the series, effectively allowing Warner Bros. Television Distribution to continue to produce it into the 2019-20 television season.

fifth and sixth season, allowing it to air through 2020. The program switched to broadcasting live day-and-date in its fourth season (though still tape-delayed for stations carrying it in other timeslots), and the series now encores twice nightly nationwide on BET Her for markets where it is otherwise unseen; it had previously aired on BET on a week delay until 2017. SallyAnn Salsano and Rachel Miskowiec are recognized as the series' executive producers; it is produced by 495 Productions and Telepictures Productions, and is distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. The panel consisted of actress Tamera Mowry-Housley from the

In the summer of 2013, it was announced that the series was ordered for a test run on seven Fox-owned stations in New York, Los Angeles, Washington D.C., Philadelphia, Phoenix, Houston and Tampa. In October 2013, it was announced that ""The Real"" had been green-lit for a national syndicated launch and would premiere on September 15, 2014. In February 2015, Warner Bros. announced the series had been renewed for a second season. In October 2015, the series was renewed for a third and fourth seasons, allowing it to air through 2018. In January 2018, the series was renewed for a

and the co-hosts spoke to high schoolers about college. On April 30, 2018, ""The Real"" held a celebratory episode following their win at the 45th Daytime Emmy Awards one day before. The Real (talk show) The Real is an American syndicated talk show. The series initially received a trial run on Fox owned markets in the summer of 2013. The series was developed as a talk show designed to appeal to younger female viewers who, like the co-hosts, were experiencing new events in their lives. It was green-lit for national syndication later that fall and officially premiered the following year.

"Loni Love"
Loni Love Loni Love (born July 12, 1971) is an Emmy Award-winning, American comedian, television host, actress and author. While working as an electrical engineer in 2003, Love began to pursue a career in music engineering. She was the runner-up on ""Star Search"" 2003 and was named among the ""Top 10 Comics to Watch"" in both ""Variety"" and Comedy Central in 2009. She is currently one of the hosts of ""The Real"" talk show along with Jeannie Mai, Tamera Mowry, and Adrienne Bailon, which premiered on July 15, 2013. Love was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in the

1990s sitcom, ""Sister, Sister""; hostess and fashion expert Jeannie Mai; R&B singer and television personality, Tamar Braxton, best known for her hit reality series ""Braxton Family Values""; singer and actress Adrienne Houghton, known for being the lead singer in groups 3LW and The Cheetah Girls; and comedian and actress Loni Love, known for being the runner up on ""Star Search"" season 26 and a panelist on ""Chelsea Lately"". Tamar Braxton announced her departure from the series through a Warner Bros. press release on May 22, 2016, intending to concentrate on her music career. Later on her reality show, “The Braxton

"Real TV"
to a soundtrack to heighten the drama. Other clips have included TV show bloopers, human interest stories, and inventions. The show was hosted by John Daly (no relation to the golfer of the same name) from its beginning in 1996 through 2000, with Beau Weaver announcing until 1999. During Daly's run, the show took on a theme similar to that of a news show, even featuring various correspondents to present the stories along with him. Featured correspondents included Sibila Vargas, Michael Brownlee, John Johnston, Lisa G., and Ellen K. William B. Davis, best known as Cigarette Smoking Man from the

Family Values, she admitted she did not know she was getting let go from Season 3’s panel for The Real. In 2017 while on the View, she claimed to have been the creator of the show’s idea. ""The Real"" celebrated its 100th episode on February 24, 2015. On November 2, 2015, ""The Real"" held an exclusive interview with Rachel Dolezal lasting thirty minutes. In the interview, Dolezal admitted she was born white. In January 2016, the co-hosts traveled to Washington, D.C. to visit The White House and First Lady Michelle Obama. In addition to granting an interview, The First Lady

"Real World (TV series)"
pro-choice. Rachel Campos, a conservative Republican member of the cast, clashed with liberal roommates Mohammed Bilal and Judd Winick. housemates Simon Sherry-Wood and Leah Gillingwater argued over the Iraq War, and in a subsequent episode, Chris ""C.T."" Tamburello became confrontational and threatening toward Adam King, referencing the war himself. Nehemiah Clark, of the cast, expressed disapproval of President George W. Bush and the Iraq War, coming into conflict with Rachel Moyal, who served in Iraq as a combat medic for the U.S. Army. 's Dunbar Flinn angered Parisa Montazaran and Trisha Cummings with his comments about Jesus and the Bible.

to become a model, actor, and television host. His housemate, Kevin Powell, became a successful author, poet, journalist, and politician. Their housemate Heather B. Gardner went on to become a hip-hop music artist under the professional name Heather B. Lindsay Brien of the cast became a radio and CNN personality. Mike Mizanin has also found fame as a WWE wrestler wrestling under the name ""The Miz,"" a character he debuted during the ""Back to New York"" season. His successes have included the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. 2002 Chicago cast member Kyle Brandt’s acting career includes starring in the soap opera

to transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use

"Organ transplantation"
of transplantation was made in the early 1900s by the French surgeon Alexis Carrel, with Charles Guthrie, with the transplantation of arteries or veins. Their skillful anastomosis operations and the new suturing techniques laid the groundwork for later transplant surgery and won Carrel the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. From 1902, Carrel performed transplant experiments on dogs. Surgically successful in moving kidneys, hearts, and spleens, he was one of the first to identify the problem of rejection, which remained insurmountable for decades. The discovery of transplant immunity by the German surgeon Georg Schöne, various strategies of matching donor

"Brain transplant"
Brain transplant A brain transplant or whole-body transplant is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism. It is a procedure distinct from head transplantation, which involves transferring the entire head to a new body, as opposed to the brain only. Theoretically, a person with advanced organ failure could be given a new and functional body while keeping their own personality, memories, and consciousness through such a procedure. No human brain transplant has ever been conducted. Neurosurgeon Robert J. White has grafted the head of a monkey onto the headless body

"Heart transplantation"
Heart transplantation A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. , the most common procedure is to take a functioning heart, with or without transplanting one or both lungs at the same time, from a recently deceased organ donor (brain death is the standard) and implanting it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (orthotopic procedure) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in

Organ transplantation Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ. The donor and recipient may be at the same location, or organs may be transported from a donor site to another location. Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person's body are called autografts. Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allografts. Allografts can either be from a living or cadaveric source. Organs that have been successfully transplanted include

"Hand transplantation"
Hand transplantation Hand transplantation is a surgical procedure to transplant a hand from one human to another. The ""donor"" hand usually comes from a brain-dead donor and is transplanted to a recipient who has lost one or both hands/arms. Most hand transplants to date have been performed on below elbow amputees, although above elbow transplants are gaining popularity. Hand transplants were the first of a new category of transplants where multiple organs are transplanted as a single functional unit, now termed ""Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation"" or VCA. The operation is quite extensive and typically lasts from 8 to 12 hours. By

"Gene therapy"
Gene therapy In the medicine field, gene therapy (also called human gene transfer) is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease. The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990. Between 1989

first transplant in the modern sense – the implantation of organ tissue in order to replace an organ function – was a thyroid transplant in 1883. It was performed by the Swiss surgeon and later Nobel laureate Theodor Kocher. In the preceding decades Kocher had perfected the removal of excess thyroid tissue in cases of goiter to an extent that he was able to remove the whole organ without the person dying from the operation. Kocher carried out the total removal of the organ in some cases as a measure to prevent recurrent goiter. By 1883, the surgeon noticed that

"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin). It is most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of

"Vaginal transplantation"
Vaginal transplantation Vaginal transplantation is procedure whereby donated or laboratory-grown vagina tissue is used to create a 'neovagina'. It is most used in women who have vaginal aplasia (the congential absence of a vagina). Vaginal aplasia is a rare medical condition in which the vagina does not form properly before birth. Sufferers of the condition may have a partially formed vagina, or none at all. The condition is typically treated by reconstructive surgery. First a space is surgically created where the vagina would typically exist. Then tissue from another part of the body is harvested, molded into the shape of

"Corneal transplantation"
Corneal transplantation Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft). When the entire cornea is replaced it is known as penetrating keratoplasty and when only part of the cornea is replaced it is known as lamellar keratoplasty. Keratoplasty simply means surgery to the cornea. The graft is taken from a recently dead individual with no known diseases or other factors that may affect the chance of survival of the donated tissue or the health of the recipient. The cornea is the transparent front

"Golden State Warriors"
29, 2016; the previous record of 44 was held by the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls team led by Michael Jordan. On April 13, 2016, Golden State set the NBA record for most wins in a single season. The team finished the season with a record of 73–9. On May 10, 2016, Stephen Curry was named the NBA's Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second straight season. Curry is the 11th player to win back-to-back MVP honors and became the first player in NBA history to win the MVP award by unanimous vote, winning all 131 first-place votes. Stephen Curry, Draymond Green

Fitzgerald and Dan Finane finally managed to return the team to respectability by hiring former Cleveland Cavaliers head coach George Karl as head coach in 1986 after selecting St. John's small forward Chris Mullin in the 1985 NBA draft. After a subpar stretch in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the team had a brief resurgence under coach Karl, culminating in a 1987 Western Conference Semifinal match against Magic Johnson and the Los Angeles Lakers which is still shown on TV in the ""NBA's Greatest Games"" series. In the game, Warriors' All-Star point guard Sleepy Floyd's performance in the second

Bryant. The Warriors reached the NBA Finals for the second consecutive year, facing a rematch against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Warriors won three of the first four games of the 2016 NBA Finals, but the Cavaliers made a comeback to tie the series at three wins apiece. Draymond Green was suspended for Game Five of the series, and Curry was ejected from Game Six. In Game Seven, the Warriors lost the series on their home court, earning the unfortunate distinction of becoming the first team to lose the NBA Finals after having led three games to one. July 2016 featured

Warriors also achieved a milestone by completing their first ever 6–1 road trip in franchise history, including a 97–95 win over the defending champion Heat in Miami. On April 9, 2013, with a win over the Minnesota Timberwolves, the Warriors clinched the playoffs for the second time in 19 years and the first time since the 2006–07 ""We Believe"" Warriors. This time, the local battle cry was ""We Belong"". The team finished the season with a record of 47–35, earning the sixth seed in the Western Conference, and defeated the Denver Nuggets in the first round of the playoffs by

Golden State Warriors The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. Founded in 1946 in Philadelphia, the Warriors relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1962 and undertook the city's name, before changing its geographic moniker to Golden State in 1971. They play their home games at the Oracle Arena. The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA) championship in 1947, and won its second championship in 1956, led by Hall of

an NBA Finals sweep since 2007. Following the 2018 NBA Finals, writers for ""Sports Illustrated"", ""USA Today"", ""The Wall Street Journal"", and the ""New York Daily News"" described the Warriors as a dynasty. On August 30, 2018, David West announced his retirement from the NBA after 15 seasons. In April 2014, the Warriors began the purchase process for a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site in Mission Bay, San Francisco, to hold a new 18,000-seat arena which is expected to be ready beginning with the 2019–20 NBA season, with construction to begin in early 2016. The sale was finalized in October 2015.

Chicago Bulls. The streak eclipsed the previous record of 95 held by the Utah Jazz. The Warriors earned home-court advantage throughout the 2017 playoffs, thanks to a 2016–17 regular season record of . They were the first team in NBA playoff history to start the playoffs 12–0, defeating the Trail Blazers, the Jazz, and the Spurs in consecutive series. The 2017 Finals once again pitted the Warriors against the Cavaliers, becoming the first time in NBA history that two teams met in the Finals for three consecutive years. The Warriors won the championship after going 4–1 in the Finals, and

Ekpe Udoh, a power forward from Baylor, as the 6th pick of the 2010 NBA draft. They also introduced a modernized version of their ""The City"" logo depicting the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, and switched to a simplified color scheme of royal blue and gold. They also introduced new uniforms reminiscent of the 1969–71 ""The City"" uniforms. The Warriors made an offseason trade that sent Turiaf, Randolph and Kelenna Azubuike to the New York Knicks in return for star high-scoring power forward David Lee via a sign-and-trade. Lee agreed to a six-year, $80 million deal,

Persistent reports that Mark Jackson's job as head coach was in jeopardy led Warriors players to make a unanimous declaration of support for Jackson only minutes after the Warriors' first-round playoff loss to the Clippers. Nonetheless, on May 6, 2014, the team announced that Jackson had been let go. In his three-season tenure as head coach, Jackson compiled a 121-109 (.526) record, overseeing a major turnaround. When Jackson took the helm in 2011, the franchise had made the playoffs only one time over the prior 17 seasons, averaging 30.2 wins per season during that period. Jackson, 49, became just the

win streak. Their record-setting start ended when they were defeated by the Milwaukee Bucks on December 12, 2015. The Warriors broke a 131-year-old record of 20–0 set by the 1884 St. Louis Maroons baseball team, to claim the best start to a season in all of the major professional sports in America. Golden State also won 28 consecutive regular-season games dating back to the 2014–15 season, eclipsing the 2012–13 Miami Heat for the second longest winning streak in NBA history. The team set an NBA record with 54 consecutive regular-season home wins, which spanned from January 31, 2015 to March

"General Hux"
General Hux General Armitage Hux is a fictional character in the ""Star Wars"" franchise. First introduced in the 2015 film """", he is portrayed by Irish actor Domhnall Gleeson. He is a ruthless commander in a power struggle with Kylo Ren for the First Order leadership, and being exceeded only by Supreme Leader Snoke. The character first featured in ""The Force Awakens"" media and merchandising, and returned in the film's sequel, """". Hux was born on Arkanis and was rumored to have been sired from an affair between his father, Commandant Brendol Hux of the Arkanis Academy, and a kitchen

Order's ends."" General Hux General Armitage Hux is a fictional character in the ""Star Wars"" franchise. First introduced in the 2015 film """", he is portrayed by Irish actor Domhnall Gleeson. He is a ruthless commander in a power struggle with Kylo Ren for the First Order leadership, and being exceeded only by Supreme Leader Snoke. The character first featured in ""The Force Awakens"" media and merchandising, and returned in the film's sequel, """". Hux was born on Arkanis and was rumored to have been sired from an affair between his father, Commandant Brendol Hux of the Arkanis Academy, and

"Star Wars: The Last Jedi"
helped Finn and Rose escape grabs a broom with the Force and gazes into space. Joonas Suotamo appears as Chewbacca, taking over the role from Peter Mayhew after previously serving as his body double in ""The Force Awakens."" Mayhew, who was 73 years old and suffering from chronic knee and back pain, is credited as ""Chewbacca consultant."" Billie Lourd, Mike Quinn, and Timothy D. Rose reprise their roles as Lieutenant Connix, Nien Nunb, and Admiral Ackbar respectively. Due to the death of Erik Bauersfeld, Admiral Ackbar is now voiced by Tom Kane. Amanda Lawrence appears as Commander D'Acy, and Mark

"Silas Carson"
Silas Carson Silas Carson (born 1965) is an English actor, mostly known for playing Jedi Master Ki-Adi-Mundi and Viceroy Nute Gunray in all three of the Star Wars prequels and providing the voice of the Ood in ""Doctor Who"". In """", Carson also plays two other speaking parts, the Senator of the Trade Federation, Lott Dod (although his voice was replaced with that of actor Toby Longworth) and Antidar Williams, the co-pilot of the ship that Qui-Gon Jinn (Liam Neeson) and Obi-Wan Kenobi (Ewan McGregor) are on in the first scene. He also made a guest appearance on the BBC

"Bodhi Rook"
motivation – most notable, perhaps, with Bodhi, whose huge decision to betray the Empire, prior to the start of the film, doesn't feel fully fleshed out."" Bodhi Rook Bodhi Rook is a fictional character in the ""Star Wars"" franchise, portrayed by British actor Riz Ahmed in the 2016 film ""Rogue One"". Bodhi is a former Imperial cargo pilot who, under the influence of Galen Erso, defects to the Rebel Alliance in an attempt to steal the plans to the Death Star, a powerful weapon possessed by the Empire. Industrial Light & Magic chief creative officer John Knoll, credited for the

"Joel de la Fuente"
up in Evanston, Illinois, and graduated from the North Shore Country Day School in Winnetka, Illinois, in 1987. He received his BA degree in Theatre Arts in 1991 from Brown University, and his MFA degree in 1994 from NYU's graduate acting program at the Tisch School of the Arts. Joel de la Fuente Joel de la Fuente (born April 21, 1969) is an American actor. He first gained recognition for his role as 1st Lieutenant Paul Wang in """", and is best known for his roles as Dr. Johann Pryce in ""Hemlock Grove"", Kenpeitai Chief Inspector Takeshi Kido in ""The

"Husein Madhavji"
Madhavji stars on supernatural medical drama ""Saving Hope"" as Dr. Shahir Hamza. Husein Madhavji Husein ""Huse"" Madhavji (pronounced Ma-dav-gee; born July 19) is a Canadian actor and television personality. He is best known for his role as Dr. Shahir Hamza on the medical drama Saving Hope and as the former face of Star! Canada’s Entertainment Channel. Madhavji’s roles as an actor include playing Ruptal 1 on HBO Canada's ""Call Me Fitz"" and Lt. Col. Max Prakash in ""Combat Hospital"". Husein goes by the name ""Huse"". After graduating from the radio and television arts program at Ryerson University Madhavji moved to

minor role in Series one of BBC sit-com ""Outnumbered"" as a character named Ravi when Sue and Pete had a dinner party. He also starred in the third series of BBC3 comedy ""How Not to Live Your Life"", alongside Dan Clark and David Armand. He plays Samantha's university professor/love interest Brian. Carson was born to an English father and Indian mother. Silas Carson Silas Carson (born 1965) is an English actor, mostly known for playing Jedi Master Ki-Adi-Mundi and Viceroy Nute Gunray in all three of the Star Wars prequels and providing the voice of the Ood in ""Doctor Who"".

"40-yard dash"
4.18 run by Jackson within the same week added some support to the legitimacy of the times. Texas Tech's Jakeem Grant was hand-timed by a New Orleans Saints scout as running a 4.10 in 2016, potentially beating Jackson's record. Deion Sanders ran a 4.27-second 40-yard dash in 1989. In 2013, Carlin Isles recorded a time of 4.22 at a Detroit Lions facility during a workout. In 2017 Olympic sprinter Christian Coleman ran a time of 4.12 seconds on turf in response to claims that NFL players are as fast as Usain Bolt. This is a list of the official 40-yard

"Ivory Crockett"
Ivory Crockett Ivory Crockett (born August 24, 1948) is a retired American sprinter who, for a time, held the distinction of being ""the world's fastest man"" when he broke the world record for the 100-yard dash in 1974. Crockett was born in Hall, Tennessee, where his father was a sharecropper. His family moved to Missouri when Crockett was a young boy. Crockett was a track star from his time at high school in Webster Groves in St. Louis County, Missouri. In 1968 as a senior he ran the second fastest time that year by a high-school student. He was recruited

"440-yard dash"
440-yard dash The 440-yard dash, or quarter-mile race, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. In many countries, athletes compete in the 440 yard dash (402.336 m) – which corresponds to a quarter mile. Many athletic tracks are 440 yards per lap. In the 19th century it was thought of as a middle distance race. World-record holder Lon Meyers (1858–1899) was the first person to run the 440 in under 50 seconds. In 1947, Herb McKenley of Jamaica set a world record in the event with a time of 46.3 seconds, which he lowered the following year to

factored in. Furthermore, the use of hand-timing in the 40-yard dash can considerably alter a runner's time; the methods are not comparable to the rigorous electronic timing used in track and field. Jacoby Ford, who ran a 4.28 s in the 2010 NFL Combine, had a collegiate best of 6.51 s in the 60-meter dash (outside the top-40 of the all-time lists). This highlights the difficulties in comparing track running times to football 40-yard times due to the different timing methods. Auburn's Bo Jackson claims to have run a 40-yard dash with a time of 4.13 s. A time of

"400 metres"
distance is now obsolete. Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts of lactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400 metre athletes is open to debate. The current men's world record is held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa, with a time of 43.03 seconds; van Niekerk is also the reigning

Wariner and LaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women; Monika Zehrt, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olga Bryzgina and Sanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammate Antonio Pettigrew admitted to doping. 3 or more 400 metres victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships: 400 metres The 400 metres, or 400 metre dash, is a sprinting event in track and field competitions. It has been featured in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympics since

"Men's 400 metres world record progression"
Men's 400 metres world record progression The first world record in the 400 m for men (athletics) was recognized by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, in 1912. The IAAF ratified Charles Reidpath's 48.2 performance set at that year's Stockholm Olympics as a world record, but it also recognized the superior mark over 440 yards (402.34 metres) run by Maxie Long in 1900 as a world record. To June 21, 2009, the IAAF has ratified 23 world records in the event. The following tables show the world record progression in the men's

the best in the USA and the world in the 100 m sprint event in the period from 1969 to 1974, according to ""Track and Field News"". He was also voted to be ranked 10th in the USA and 4th in the world in the 200 m sprint in 1973. Ivory Crockett Ivory Crockett (born August 24, 1948) is a retired American sprinter who, for a time, held the distinction of being ""the world's fastest man"" when he broke the world record for the 100-yard dash in 1974. Crockett was born in Hall, Tennessee, where his father was a sharecropper.

a new world record of 46.0 seconds. Adolph Plummer took the record under 45 second with a 44.9 on May 25, 1963. In 1971, John Smith lowered the world record to 44.5 seconds, which remains the world record. The 440 yard race distance used imperial measurements, which have been replaced by metric-distance races. The 400 Metre Dash is the successor to the 440 yard dash. An athlete who competes in the 400 m may still be referred to as 'quarter-miler'. 440-yard dash The 440-yard dash, or quarter-mile race, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. In many countries,

"Florence Griffith Joyner"
Florence Griffith Joyner Florence Delorez Griffith–Joyner (born Florence Delorez Griffith; December 21, 1959 – September 21, 1998), also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and field athlete. She is considered the fastest woman of all time based on the fact that the world records she set in 1988 for both the 100 m and 200 m still stand. During the late 1980s she became a popular figure in international track and field because of her record-setting performances and flashy personal style. Griffith-Joyner was born and raised in California. She was athletic from a young age. She attended California State

"June 2011 Christchurch earthquake"
a complex zone at the northern end of the South Island. This zone of deformation is now known to be expanding south and east into the Canterbury region. Beneath the northern and eastern Canterbury Plains, a series of active SW-NE trending thrust faults have been recognised, linked by W-E trending strike-slip faults that at least in part reactivate Cretaceous age extensional faults. New Zealand has a long history of earthquakes. Since the European settlement, the largest on record was a magnitude 8.2 M major earthquake that occurred on 23 January 1855 near the Wairarapa plains of the North Island. Another

"2010 Canterbury earthquake"
2010 Canterbury earthquake The 2010 Canterbury earthquake (also known as the Darfield earthquake) struck the South Island of New Zealand with a moment magnitude of 7.1 at on , and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (""Extreme"") on the Mercalli intensity scale. Some damaging aftershocks followed the main event, the strongest of which was a magnitude 6.3 shock known as the Christchurch earthquake that occurred nearly six months later on 22 February 2011. Because this aftershock was centred very close to Christchurch, it was much more destructive and resulted in the deaths of 185 people. The main shock on

areas. Most of the damage was in the area surrounding the epicentre, including the city of Christchurch, New Zealand's second-largest urban area with a population of 386,000. Minor damage was reported as far away as Dunedin and Nelson, both around from the earthquake's epicentre. The September 2010 earthquake caused two Christchurch residents to be seriously injured, one by a falling chimney and a second by flying glass, and led to many with less serious injuries. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, but doctors could not determine whether the quake was the cause. 22 February 2011

with English Edwardian architecture. The building had a Category One Historic Places trust classification, but was deemed unsafe and was one of just two historic CBD buildings the City Council initially proposed for immediate demolition. That decision was reversed hours later when the building's owner proposed to dismantle the building over several weeks. Demolition began on 19 October 2010 and was continuing in late January. The 1911 Anglican church of St. John in Hororata, five kilometres south of Glentunnel, was extensively damaged when part of its tower collapsed. The port town of Lyttelton's most notable building, the 1876 Timeball station,

4 September caused widespread damage and several power outages, particularly in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city. Two residents were seriously injured, one by a collapsing chimney and a second by flying glass. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, although this could not be directly linked to the earthquake. Mass fatalities were avoided partly due to there being few houses of unreinforced construction, although this was also aided by the quake occurring during the early hours of the morning when most people were off the street. The earthquake's epicentre was west of

fifth-biggest insurance event in the world since 1953. In the first eighty years of European settlement in Christchurch (1850–1930), four earthquakes caused significant damage, the last of these centred at Motunau on the North Canterbury coast in 1922. Modelling conducted for the New Zealand Earthquake Commission (EQC) in 1991 found that earthquakes with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (significant property damage, loss of life possible) could recur on average in the Christchurch area every 55 years. The study also highlighted the dangers of soil liquefaction of the alluvial sediments underlying the city, and the likelihood of significant damage to water,

Christchurch, near the town of Darfield. The hypocentre was at a shallow depth of 10 km. A foreshock of roughly magnitude 5.8 hit five seconds before the main quake, and strong aftershocks were reported, up to magnitude 6.3. The initial quake lasted about 40 seconds, and was felt widely across the South Island, and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth. As the epicentre was on land away from the coast, no tsunami occurred. The National Crisis Management Centre in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington was activated, and Civil Defence declared a state of emergency

"History of Canterbury, New Zealand"
2010 (16:35 UTC, 3 September 2010). The earthquake occurred at a depth of , and there were no fatalities. The epicentre was located west of Christchurch; south-east of Darfield; south-southeast of Westport; south-west of Wellington; and north-northeast of Dunedin. Sewers were damaged, gas and water lines were broken, and power to up to 75% of the city was disrupted. Among the facilities impacted by lack of power was the Christchurch Hospital, which was forced to use emergency generators in the immediate aftermath of the quake. A local state of emergency was declared at 10:16 am on 4 September for the

"2011 Christchurch earthquake"
Richter, moment, and body-wave magnitudes 5.0 and above that occurred in the region between 22 February 2011 and 15 January 2012. Immediately following the earthquake, 80% of Christchurch was without power. Water and wastewater services were disrupted throughout the city, with authorities urging residents to conserve water and collect rainwater. Prime Minister John Key confirmed that, ""All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at parliament is in operation here in Wellington."" It was only the second time that New Zealand had declared a national civil defence emergency; the first occasion was the 1951 waterfront dispute.

"2014 Eketahuna earthquake"
2014 Eketahuna earthquake The 2014 Eketahuna earthquake struck at 3:52 pm on 20 January, centred 15 km east of Eketahuna on the south-east of New Zealand's North Island. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (""severe"") on the Mercalli intensity scale. Originally reported as magnitude 6.6 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake was later downgraded to a magnitude of 6.2. A total of 1112 aftershocks were recorded, ranging between magnitudes 2.0 and 4.9 on the Richter Scale. New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement

"Dillon Casey"
""4,722 Hours"" and ""Maveth"" as astronaut Will Daniels and HYDRA Inhuman Hive. Dillon Casey Dillon Francis Casey (born October 29, 1983) is an American-born Canadian actor and producer. He is best known for his role as Sean Pierce in The CW action-thriller television series ""Nikita"". Casey was born in Dallas, Texas and raised in Oakville, Ontario. His father, Richard, is an urologist, and his mother, Patrice, is an image consultant. After graduating from Oakville Trafalgar High School, Casey graduated from McGill University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 2005, and earned a Master of Economics degree from the University

"Jovan Adepo"
Jovan Adepo Jovan Adepo is an English-born American actor. He is best known for playing Michael Murphy in the HBO television series ""The Leftovers"" and for his role as Cory Maxson in the film adaptation of August Wilson's play, ""Fences"" (2016). Adepo was born in 1988 in Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire. His mother, from London, is of Nigerian descent. His father, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, is African-American. Raised in Waldorf, Maryland, he acted in school and church plays. He attended college at Bowie State University in Maryland, receiving his B.A. in political science and philosophy. In 2011, he moved to Los Angeles

Dillon Casey Dillon Francis Casey (born October 29, 1983) is an American-born Canadian actor and producer. He is best known for his role as Sean Pierce in The CW action-thriller television series ""Nikita"". Casey was born in Dallas, Texas and raised in Oakville, Ontario. His father, Richard, is an urologist, and his mother, Patrice, is an image consultant. After graduating from Oakville Trafalgar High School, Casey graduated from McGill University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 2005, and earned a Master of Economics degree from the University of Toronto. He moved to Toronto to return to his roots and

"Guy Burnet"
Guy Burnet Guy Burnet (born 8 August 1983) is an English film, television and theatre actor. In recent years Burnet also completed a number of roles in feature films and on the New York stage as well as small writing roles. He currently plays Casey Finney on ""Ray Donovan"" and ""Mike"" on ""The Affair"". Burnet was born in London, England, He is multilingual. He attended Holland Park School where his interest in drama first developed, taking an A level in the subject. Before becoming an actor, Burnet aspired to become a professional footballer. He attended Queens Park Rangers Soccer School.

"Mike Doyle (actor)"
Mike Doyle (actor) Michael Doyle (born September 16, 1972) is an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He may be best known for his role on """" as Ryan O'Halloran. Doyle attended the Juilliard School as a member of the Drama Division's ""Group 27"" (1994–1998). On the set of ""Oz"" Doyle met George Morfogen, whom he would cast in ""Shiner"", a short film written, produced and directed by Doyle that debuted at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. Doyle also wrote and produced the 2003 limited-release film ""Cutter"". Doyle also appeared as Jamie Pearse, a small-time crook, in the 1996 television

"Michael Stahl-David"
Kevin in the Off-Broadway play ""Picked"" at New York City's Vineyard Theatre from April 6 to May 15, 2011. Stahl-David also starred in the 2014 paranormal romance film ""In Your Eyes"" as one of the lead roles. Michael Stahl-David Michael Stahl-David (born October 28, 1982) is an American actor, known for his role as Sean Donnelly on the NBC drama series ""The Black Donnellys"" and his lead role as Robert Hawkins in the J. J. Abrams-produced film ""Cloverfield"". Stahl-David was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of physicians. He graduated from Columbia College Chicago. He is the older brother to

"Dylan Walsh"
Dylan Walsh Dylan Walsh (born Charles Hunter Walsh: November 17, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Sean McNamara in the FX television series ""Nip/Tuck"". Walsh was born Charles Hunter Walsh in Los Angeles, California. His maternal grandfather, Frank P. Haven, was a managing editor of the Los Angeles Times. His parents worked for the Foreign Service—they met in Ethiopia. As a result, Walsh lived in East Africa, India, Pakistan and Indonesia as a boy. His family returned to the United States when he was ten years old and settled in Virginia, where

"Richard Harmon"
2002 television series ""Jeremiah"". Richard is a fan of American football, especially the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. He also is a fan of the television show ""SpongeBob SquarePants"" and of Bob Dylan and The Rolling Stones. He is a supporter of LGBT rights and considers himself a pro-feminist. Richard Harmon Richard Scott Harmon (born August 18, 1991) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as John Murphy in CW's ""The 100"". Harmon is also known for his roles as Jasper Ames in ""The Killing"" and Julian Randol on ""Continuum"". Harmon received critical praise for his role

"Seamus Dever"
Arnold and Canadian singer-songwriter Feist. Dever and his wife are vegetarians. Both are also supporters of Best Friends Animal Society. Seamus Dever Seamus Patrick Dever (born July 27, 1976) is an American actor best known for his role as Detective Kevin Ryan in the ABC series ""Castle"". Dever was born in Flint, Michigan, and grew up in Bullhead City, Arizona. He graduated as valedictorian of Mohave High School, completed his undergraduate studies at Northern Arizona University, and holds MFAs in Acting from the Moscow Art Theatre and Carnegie-Mellon University. A lifetime member of the Actors Studio, Dever married Juliana Dever

December 15, 2010 Walsh announced he had filed for divorce. Walsh also has a daughter born in 2011, and a son born in 2013. Dylan Walsh Dylan Walsh (born Charles Hunter Walsh: November 17, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Sean McNamara in the FX television series ""Nip/Tuck"". Walsh was born Charles Hunter Walsh in Los Angeles, California. His maternal grandfather, Frank P. Haven, was a managing editor of the Los Angeles Times. His parents worked for the Foreign Service—they met in Ethiopia. As a result, Walsh lived in East Africa, India,

"A Place to Call Home (TV series)"
Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood (Olivia Bligh), Aldo Mignone (Gino Poletti), Sara Wiseman (Carolyn Bligh), Jenni Baird as (Regina Standish), Tim Draxl (Henry Fox), Dominic Allburn (Harry Polson), and Frankie J. Holden (Roy Briggs). It has been described as a ""compelling melodrama about love and loss set against the social change of the 1950s"". The show ended after six seasons in 2018. Development for ""A Place to Call Home"" began after Bevan Lee completed his ""domestic trilogy"" (""Always Greener"", ""Packed to the Rafters"" and ""Winners & Losers""). He took inspiration from film director Douglas Sirk's 1950s films such as ""Written on the Wind""

"A Place to Go"
A Place to Go A Place to Go is a 1963 British crime drama film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Bernard Lee, Rita Tushingham and Michael Sarne. Set in contemporary Bethnal Green in east London, it charted the dramatic changes that were then happening in the lives of the British working class, fitting into the kitchen sink school of film making which was extremely popular in Britain at the time. Ricky Flint (Michael Sarne) dreams of escaping working-class Bethnal Green, where he works in a cigarette factory and shares a crowded terraced house with his middle-aged parents Matt (Bernard

2012. Marta Dusseldorp (Sarah Adams), Brett Climo (George Bligh) and Frankie J. Holden (Roy Briggs) were announced a month later, with Dusseldorp leading the overall cast. Newcomers David Berry (James Bligh), Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood (Olivia Bligh), Abby Earl (Anna Bligh) and Aldo Mignone (Gino Poletti), made up the rest of the main cast. ""A Place to Call Home"" is set primarily in both the fictional estate ""Ash Park"" and the nearby fictional country town of ""Inverness"" in New South Wales. Inverness was also used as the country setting of ""Always Greener"". Camden and the Southern Highlands in New South Wales serves

"Tim Draxl"
Tim Draxl Tim Draxl (born October 8, 1981) is an Australian actor and singer, known for his role as Doctor Henry Fox in ""A Place to Call Home"". Draxl was born in Sydney and grew up in Jindabyne where his family was in the ski industry. He also spent winters in Austria. Draxl's film roles include ""Swimming Upstream"" (2003), ""In My Sleep"" (2010) and ""A Few Best Men"" (2011). He was nominated for a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actor in 2004 for the ABC miniseries ""The Shark Net"". Other television roles include in ""Supernova"", ""Tangle"", ""Serangoon Road"", ""Mrs Biggs"",

"Mr. Ricco"
a dog. His closest friend is George Cronyn (Eugene Roche), the detective in charge of the case. Cronyn is irate that Steele got away with killing a woman, Mary Justin, resulting in the deaths of two of his fellow officers. Cronyn and his men raid a hideout of Steele's organization, the Black Serpents. But while Steele manages to get away, a racist cop named Tanner kills the unarmed Calvin Mapes and plants a gun on him, then arrests his brother, Purvis Mapes (Philip Michael Thomas). Their sister, Irene Mapes (Denise Nicholas), who works in an art gallery, asks Ricco if

"Vincent Riotta"
Bill"" (1990, series 6 episode 52 ""Close to Home"") for Thames Television, ""New Tricks"" (2013, series 10 episode ""Rock the Boat"" parts one & two) for the BBC, ""JAG"" for NBC, ""Monk"" for USA Network, and ""Alias"" for ABC. Riotta's film credits include the independent mafia film ""Al Capone"", for which he won the Best Actor award at the 1995 Barcelona Film Festival for his portrayal of the title character. In 2002, he played the lead role of Rico Morales in the drama ""Bella Bettien"". He also holds many cameo appearances to his name in such high-profile films as ""Captain

Lee) and Lil, his pregnant sister Betsy (who soon gives birth), and her husband Jim. In order to get the money to leave, Ricky agrees to help local gangster Jack Ellerman rob the cigarette factory, and also gets Jim, a lorry driver hoping to buy an expensive transport licence, to join the plot. Ricky finds himself attracted to Catherine ""Cat"" Donovan (Rita Tushingham), who has been dating another member of Jack's gang, Charlie Batey. Although Cat agrees to date and even make love with Ricky, she is fiercely independent and refuses to take orders from him or stop seeing Charlie,

"Joe Pesci"
one of the best-remembered scenes in the film after the Vincent character contemptuously tells him to ""go home and get your [shoe] shine box."" Pesci received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role, which he accepted with one of the shortest speeches in Oscar history, saying simply, ""It's my privilege. Thank you"" before leaving the stage. Pesci also co-starred in the blockbuster ""Home Alone"" in 1990, playing Harry Lime, one of two bumbling burglars (along with good friend Daniel Stern) who attempt to burgle the house of the young character played by Macaulay Culkin. During filming of

"The Italian Job"
The Italian Job The Italian Job is a 1969 British comedy caper film, written by Troy Kennedy Martin, produced by Michael Deeley and directed by Peter Collinson. Subsequent television showings and releases on video have made it well known in the United Kingdom. Its soundtrack was composed by Quincy Jones, and includes ""On Days Like These"" sung by Matt Monro over the opening credits, and ""Getta Bloomin' Move On"" (usually referred to as ""The Self-Preservation Society"", after its chorus) during the climactic car chase. Lead actor Michael Caine is among its singers. In 1999, it was ranked #36 on the

"Massimo Ceccherini"
Massimo Ceccherini Massimo Ceccherini (born 23 May 1965) is an Italian actor, film director and comedian. The son of a plasterer, he seemed destined for the same profession, but his father was attracted to the world of entertainment. Ceccherini made his first television appearance in the program ""La Corrida"" and for years pursued a musical career with his friend Alessandro Paci. He became known to television viewers in the cabaret show ""Videomusic"", ""Aria Fresca"", conducted by a young Carlo Conti. In the meantime he got his first part in a film, ""Welcome to Home Gori"" directed by Alessandro Benvenuti, with

"Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
him stranded on an island before stealing his ship, the ""Black Pearl"", along with 882 pieces of cursed Aztec Gold. Lord Cutler Beckett of the East India Trading Company arrests Will and Elizabeth for aiding Captain Jack Sparrow in the previous film. Beckett offers clemency if Will agrees to search for Jack's compass in a bid to find the Dead Man's Chest—and inside, the heart of villainous Davy Jones—which would give Beckett control of the seas. However, Jack wants the Chest to escape from an unpaid debt with Jones, who made Jack captain of the ""Black Pearl"" for 13 years

from critics and grossed US$654 million worldwide. After the first film's success, Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works. The franchise's second film, subtitled """", was released three years later in 2006; the sequel proved successful, breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere. ""Dead Man's Chest"" ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $1.1 billion at the worldwide box office. The third film in the series, subtitled """", followed in 2007 earning $960 million, and Disney released a fourth film, subtitled """", in 2011 in conventional 2D, Digital

with ""Dead Man's Chest"" and ""On Stranger Tides"", since followed by other film franchises. ""The Curse of the Black Pearl"" was the third-highest-grossing 2003 film in North America (behind """" and ""Finding Nemo"") and fourth worldwide (behind ""The Return of the King"", ""Finding Nemo"" and ""The Matrix Reloaded""). ""Dead Man's Chest"" was the most successful film of 2006 worldwide, and ""At World's End"" led the worldwide grosses in 2007, though being only fourth in North America (behind ""Spider-Man 3"", ""Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"" and ""Shrek the Third""). ""On Stranger Tides"" was the third-highest-grossing film of 2011

Captain Armando Salazar, escape from the Devil's Triangle, with the goal of killing every pirate at sea, including him. To survive, Jack seeks out the legendary Trident of Poseidon, a powerful artifact whose owner can control the seas and break curses. Shortly before the release of """", it was reported that Disney was planning to shoot the fifth and the sixth films back-to-back, although it was later revealed that only the fifth film was in development. On March 4, 2017, director Joachim Rønning stated that ""Dead Men Tell No Tales"" was only the beginning of the final adventure, implying that

place exclusively in Australia, being the largest production to ever shoot in the country. Village Roadshow Studios and Port Douglas were officially confirmed as filming locations. Production began in Australia on February 17, 2015 and wrapped on July 9, 2015. The ""Pirates of the Caribbean"" film series was successful at the box office, with each film grossing over $650 million, and all but ""Dead Men Tell No Tales"" at some point ranking among the fifty highest-grossing films of all time. It also became the first ever series to have multiple films passing the billion dollar mark in box office revenues

the first film, and initially considered the Fountain of Youth as the plot device. They settled on introducing Davy Jones, the ""Flying Dutchman"" and the Kraken, a mythology mentioned twice in the first film. They introduced the historical East India Trading Company (also mentioned in the first film), which for them represented a counterpoint to the themes of personal freedom represented by pirates. Filming for the sequels began on February 28, 2005, with """" finishing on March 1, 2006, and """" on January 10, 2007. The second film was also the first Disney theatrical feature film with the computer-generated Walt

3-D and IMAX 3D. ""On Stranger Tides"" succeeded in also grossing more than $1 billion, becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this. The franchise has grossed over $4.5 billion worldwide; it is the twelfth-highest-grossing film series of all time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $1 billion worldwide. Blacksmith Will Turner teams up with eccentric pirate Captain Jack Sparrow to save Turner's love, Elizabeth Swann, from cursed pirates led by Jack's mutinous former first mate, Captain Barbossa. Jack wants revenge against Barbossa, who left

worldwide (behind ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" and """") and the fifth in North America. The first three sequels broke box office records upon release, of which the most notable are the opening-weekend record in North America (""Dead Man's Chest""), the Memorial-Day weekend record in North America (""At World's End"") and the opening-weekend record outside North America (""On Stranger Tides""). The series is noted for its high quality of acting talent, and is one of the aspects of the films that is always praised. The visual and practical effects are considered some of the best ever

in exchange for 100 years of service aboard Jones' ship, the ""Flying Dutchman"". Lord Beckett gains power over Davy Jones and, with the help of the ""Flying Dutchman"", he is now executing his plans to extinguish piracy forever. To stand against the East India Trading Co., Will, Elizabeth, Barbossa, and the crew of the ""Black Pearl"" set out to rescue Captain Jack Sparrow from Davy Jones' Locker. As one of the Nine Pirate Lords, Jack is needed in order to release an ancient goddess with the power to defeat Beckett's forces. Captain Jack Sparrow is on a quest to find

roles, and the cast saw the additions of Ian McShane as Blackbeard and Penélope Cruz as Angelica, Blackbeard's daughter and Jack Sparrow's love interest. A further addition was Richard Griffiths as King George II of Great Britain. After the costly production of two simultaneous films, Disney tried to scale down the fourth installment, giving a lower budget, which led to cheaper locations and fewer scenes with special effects. It was also filmed in 3D, with cameras similar to the ones used in ""Avatar"". Filming for """" began June 14, 2010 and ended on November 19, 2010. It was released in

Pearl
Hindu deities, the most famous being the Kaustubha that Lord Vishnu wears on his chest. According to Rebbenu Bachya, the word ""Yahalom"" in the verse Exodus 28:18 means ""pearl"" and was the stone on the Hoshen representing the tribe of Zebulun. This is generally disputed among scholars, particularly since the word in question in most manuscripts is actually ""Yasepheh"" – the word from which ""jasper"" derives; scholars think that refers to green jasper (the rarest and most prized form in early times) rather than red jasper (the most common form). ""Yahalom"" is usually translated by the Septuagint as an ""onyx"",

Pearl
translates it as ""emerald"", and the Vulgate translates it as ""jaspis"" – meaning jasper. There is a wide range of views among traditional sources about which tribe the stone refers to. In a Christian New Testament parable (""Matthew"" 13:45–46), Jesus compared the Kingdom of Heaven to a ""pearl of great price"". ""Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly (fine) pearls: Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it."" The twelve gates of the New Jerusalem are reportedly each made of a single

Pearl
but sometimes as ""beryl"" or as ""jasper""; onyx only started being mined after the Septuagint was written, so the Septuagint's term ""onyx"" probably does not mean onyx – onyx is originally an Assyrian word meaning ring, and so could refer to anything used for making rings. ""Yahalom"" is similar to a Hebrew word meaning hit hard, so some people think that it means diamond. The variation in possibilities of meaning for this sixth stone in the Hoshen is reflected in different translations of the Bible – the King James Version translates the sixth stone as ""diamond"", the New International Version

Pearl
pearl in ""Revelation"" 21:21, that is, the Pearly Gates. ""And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every gate was of one pearl: and the streets of the city were pure gold, as if transparent glass."" Holy things are compared to pearls in ""Matthew"" 7:6: ""Do not give dogs what is holy, and do not throw your pearls before pigs, lest they trample them underfoot and turn to attack you."" Pearls are also found in numerous references showing the wickedness and pride of a people, as in ""Revelation"" 18:16. ""And saying, Alas, alas, that great city, that was clothed in fine

"Seal of Solomon"
Seal of Solomon The Seal of Solomon (or Ring of Solomon; """") is the signet ring attributed to King Solomon in medieval Jewish tradition and in Islamic and Western occultism. It was often depicted in either a pentagram or hexagram shape; the latter also known as the Star of David in Jewish tradition. This ring variously gave Solomon the power to command demons, jinn (genie), or to speak with animals. Due to the proverbial wisdom of Solomon, his signet ring, or its supposed design, it came to be seen as an amulet or talisman, or a symbol or character in

Pearl
linen, in purple and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!"" The Qur'an often mentions that dwellers of paradise will be adorned with pearls: 22:23 God will admit those who believe and work righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow: they shall be adorned therein with bracelets of gold and pearls; and their garments there will be of silk. 35:33 Gardens of Eternity will they enter: therein will they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls; and their garments there will be of silk. 52:24 Round about them will serve, [devoted] to them, youths [handsome]

"Pearl (given name)"
Pearl (given name) Pearl is a primarily feminine given name derived from the English word ""pearl,"" a hard, roundish object produced within the soft tissue of a living, shelled mollusk. Pearls are commonly used in jewelry-making. The pearl is the birthstone for the month of June. Pearls have been associated with innocence and modesty. Because it comes from the sea, it also has associations with the moon and with water. Pearls are also traditionally considered appropriate jewelry for debutantes and brides. Pearl came into popular use along with other gemstone names during the late Victorian Era. It may also have

"Hymn of the Pearl"
Hymn of the Pearl The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal ""Acts of Thomas"". In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn antedates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac

Talisman
for the elements of fire and spirit, composed of the three virtues (love, truth, and wisdom). The triangle with its apex downward symbolized the element of water, and typified the material world, or the three enemies of the soul: the world, the flesh, and the Devil, and the cardinal sins, envy, hatred and malice. Therefore, the two triangles interlaced represent the victory of spirit over matter. The early cultures that contributed to Western civilization believed that the Seal of Solomon was an all-powerful talisman and amulet, especially when used with either a Cross of Tau, the Hebrew Yodh, or the

of a 3-dimensional figure. This was said in the Testament of Solomon to make demons confused and dizzy, unable to do Solomon any harm. Seal of Solomon The Seal of Solomon (or Ring of Solomon; """") is the signet ring attributed to King Solomon in medieval Jewish tradition and in Islamic and Western occultism. It was often depicted in either a pentagram or hexagram shape; the latter also known as the Star of David in Jewish tradition. This ring variously gave Solomon the power to command demons, jinn (genie), or to speak with animals. Due to the proverbial wisdom of

"Sacrifice (song)"
weeks. First release Second release Sacrifice (song) ""Sacrifice"" is a ballad performed by musician Elton John. The lyrics are by Bernie Taupin and the music by John. The song appears on the 1989 album ""Sleeping with the Past"". It was first released in October 1989, then in 1990, and was the second single from the album. It achieved success, particularly in France and the UK, where it became his first solo chart-topper, spending five weeks at the top. A country music cover of the song was performed by Don Henley and Vince Gill as part of the 2018 tribute album

"Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)"
version had a somewhat different selection of bonus tracks as well as altered artwork. All tracks written by Gary Numan. Sacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, ""Machine + Soul"" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic

Sacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, ""Machine + Soul"" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic book character of the same name, but the track listing was identical. On ""Sacrifice"", paraphernalia which Numan had previously, by

Sacrifice (song) ""Sacrifice"" is a ballad performed by musician Elton John. The lyrics are by Bernie Taupin and the music by John. The song appears on the 1989 album ""Sleeping with the Past"". It was first released in October 1989, then in 1990, and was the second single from the album. It achieved success, particularly in France and the UK, where it became his first solo chart-topper, spending five weeks at the top. A country music cover of the song was performed by Don Henley and Vince Gill as part of the 2018 tribute album """". ""Sacrifice"" is inspired both

"Sacrifice (Saxon album)"
Sacrifice (Saxon album) Sacrifice is the twentieth studio album by British heavy metal band Saxon. It was released on 1 March 2013 in Europe, 4 March in the United Kingdom and 26 March in the United States. In late January 2012, drummer Nigel Glockler revealed on Facebook that the band was getting ready to write a followup to the previous year's ""Call to Arms"". About a month later Glockler revealed, again via Facebook, that he and guitarist Doug Scarratt were convening in Glockler's home studio to write before a band meeting in March. On 30 March 2012, vocalist Biff Byford

"Sacrifices (Prefuse 73 album)"
Sacrifices (Prefuse 73 album) Sacrifices is a 2018 studio album by Guillermo Scott Heren as under his alias of Prefuse 73. It was released on May 25, 2018. Daniel Sylvester of ""Exclaim!"" found the sound of the album to be similar to Herren's earlier music, noting a return to ""sparse hip-hop beats that defined his celebrated 2001 debut, ""Vocal Studies + Uprock Narratives"". ""Sacrifices"" was released on May 25, 2018 through Lex Records digitally, and will received a physical release on June 15. Sylvester awarded the album a 7 out of 10 in ""Exclaim!"", noting that ""much of Sacrifices, including

55 in the UK and at number 18 in the US in March 1990. In mid-1990 English DJ Steve Wright began playing the song on BBC Radio 1, soon followed by many more radio DJs. The song was then re-released as a double A-side single, along with ""Healing Hands"", and reached number one in the UK in June 1990. Thus, it became John's first solo number-one single in the UK Singles Chart, remaining on the top spot for five weeks. With this re-release, Elton John also got his first number one in France and stayed on the chart for 26

"Sacrifice (Motörhead album)"
Sacrifice (Motörhead album) Sacrifice is the 12th studio album by the band Motörhead, released on 27 March 1995, on Steamhammer (a subsidiary of SPV GmbH) their first for the label. It was also the start of the distribution collaboration with CMC International in North America and certain territories. It is the second, and last, album to feature the four-man lineup of Lemmy, Phil ""Zööm"" Campbell, Würzel, and Mikkey Dee, as Würzel left the band after the recording of this album. Motörhead reunited with producer Howard Benson for Sacrifice. "".This is a very good album"", vocalist and bassist Lemmy wrote in

"Soul Sacrifice (song)"
Soul Sacrifice (song) ""Soul Sacrifice"" is an instrumental composed and recorded by the American rock group Santana. Identified as one of the highlights of the 1969 Woodstock festival and documentary film, ""Soul Sacrifice"" features extended guitar passages by Carlos Santana and a percussion section with a solo by drummer Michael Shrieve. It is included as the final track on their 1969 debut album, ""Santana"", and on several live and compilation albums. The studio and Woodstock versions as well as an alternate take are included on the 2004 25th anniversary of ""Santana"". ""Soul Sacrifice"" was one of Santana's earliest compositions. Carlos

"The Spiral Sacrifice"
The Spiral Sacrifice The Spiral Sacrifice is the 13th album by Sopor Æternus & the Ensemble of Shadows. The album was released on February 8, 2018 on four different formats: on compact disc format with 128-page hardcover book (limited to 1500 copies); on 3x12"" black vinyl with an additional booklet (limited to 500 copies); on two tape versions (Hot Pink and Pale Pink) wax-sealed, signed and hand-packaged by Anna Varney herself; and on a limited Supporter's Box edition including the compact disc version format, 3x12"" pink vinyl, an extra 7"" vinyl with two chamber music-like dark ambient mixes, a fold-out

"Cell theory"
many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory. It was an important step in the movement away from spontaneous generation. The three tenets to the cell theory are as described below: The first of these tenets is disputed, as non-cellular entities such as viruses are sometimes considered life-forms. The discovery of the

"Robert Remak"
Robert Remak Robert Remak (26 July 1815 – 29 August 1865) was a Jewish Polish-German embryologist, physiologist, and neurologist, born in Posen, Prussia, who discovered that the origin of cells was by the division of pre-existing cells. as well as several other key discoveries. According to historian Paul Weindling, Rudolf Virchow, one of the founders of modern cell theory, plagiarized the notion that all cells come from pre-existing cells from Remak. Remak had reached the conclusion after observing red blood cells from chicken embryos in various stages of division. He then confirmed that the phenomenon existed in the cell of

developing cell theory is usually given to two scientists: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory, he is not as credited for his attributions toward it. In 1839, Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells. He also suggested that cells were made by a crystallization process either within other cells or from the outside. However, this was not an original idea of Schleiden. He claimed this theory as his own, though Barthelemy Dumortier had stated it years before him. This crystallization process

was refuted in the 1850s by Robert Remak, Rudolf Virchow, and Albert Kolliker. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow added the third tenet to cell theory. In Latin, this tenet states ""Omnis cellula e cellula"". This translated to: 3. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells However, the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells had in fact already been proposed by Robert Remak; it has been suggested that Virchow plagiarized Remak and did not give him credit. Remak published observations in 1852 on cell division, claiming Schleiden and Schawnn were incorrect about generation schemes. He instead said that binary fission,

Cell theory In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later,

which was first introduced by Dumortier, was how reproduction of new animal cells were made. Once this tenet was added, the classical cell theory was complete. The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: The modern version of the cell theory includes the ideas that: The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. The first cell theory is credited to the work of Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in the 1830s. In this theory the internal contents of cells were called protoplasm and described as a jelly-like substance, sometimes called living jelly. At

"Theodor Schwann"
composed of cells and cell products"". He drew three further conclusions about cells, which formed his cell theory or cell doctrine. The first two were correct: By the 1860s, these tenets were the accepted basis of cell theory, used to describe the elementary anatomical composition of plants and animals. Schwann's theory and observations created a foundation for modern histology. Schwann claimed that ""there is one universal principle of development for the elementary parts of organisms, however different, and this principle is the formation of cells."" Schwann supported this claim by examining adult animal tissues and showing that all tissues could

Theodor Schwann Theodor Schwann (; 7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. Other contributions include the discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, the discovery and study of pepsin, the discovery of the organic nature of yeast, and the invention of the term metabolism. Theodor Schwann was born in Neuss on 7 December 1810 to Leonard Schwann and Elisabeth Rottels. Leonard Schwann was a goldsmith and later a printer. Theodor Schwann studied at the Dreikönigsgymnasium

others did not reject it and was not disproved until Leeuwenhoek later discovers generation is achieved otherwise. Anton van Leeuwenhoek is another scientist who saw these cells soon after Hooke did. He made use of a microscope containing improved lenses that could magnify objects almost 300-fold, or 270x. Under these microscopes, Leeuwenhoek found motile objects. In a letter to The Royal Society on October 9, 1676, he states that motility is a quality of life therefore these were living organisms. Over time, he wrote many more papers in which described many specific forms of microorganisms. Leeuwenhoek named these “animalcules,” which

"Alex B. Novikoff"
Alex B. Novikoff Alex Benjamin Novikoff (28 February 1913 – 9 January 1987) was an American biologist (born in Russian Empire)who is recognized for his pioneering works in the discoveries of cell organelles. His greatest achievements were in developing histochemical techniques for studying the structure and functions of cells and their organelles. He is also recognized as a public figure of the mid-20th century at the height of McCarthyism in America. He was accused of his participitation in Communist Party as disloyalty to the nation. He was dismissed in 1953 from the University of Vermont College of Medicine where he

"Guinness World Records"
of charge. There is an administration fee of $5 to propose a new record title. A number of spin-off books and television series have also been produced. ""Guinness World Records"" bestowed the record of ""Person with the most records"" on Ashrita Furman of Queens, NY in April 2009. At that time, he held 100 records. In 2005, Guinness designated 9 November as ""International Guinness World Records Day"" to encourage breaking of world records. In 2006, an estimated 100,000 people participated in over 10 countries. Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months, which was a 173% increase over the previous

Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2019 edition, it is now in

from obvious ones such as Olympic weightlifting to the longest egg tossing distances, or for longest time spent playing ""Grand Theft Auto IV"" or the number of hot dogs that can be consumed in three minutes. Besides records about competitions, it contains such facts such as the heaviest tumour, the most poisonous fungus, the longest-running soap opera and the most valuable life-insurance policy, among others. Many records also relate to the youngest people to have achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world (Maurizio Giuliano). Each edition contains a selection of the records from

World Records"" stopped its new ""dreadlock"" category after investigation of its first and only female title holder, Asha Mandela, determining it was impossible to judge this record accurately. ""Guinness World Records"" website publishes selected records and is not supposed to be used for the record verification purposes, as it explains: ""There are more than 40,000 current records in our database and we try our best to feature as many as possible online. We currently include over 15,000 records online which we update every week, so make sure to check the site regularly!"" The book printed annually contains only 4,000 records.

2008. In 2012, Warner Bros. announced the development of a live-action film version of ""Guinness World Records"" with Daniel Chun as scriptwriter. The film version will apparently use the heroic achievements of record holders as the basis for a narrative that should have global appeal. Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild

The only way to verify a record is to contact Guinness, and the average response time is twelve weeks. In 1976, a ""Guinness Book of World Records"" museum opened in the Empire State Building. Speed shooter Bob Munden then went on tour promoting ""The Guinness Book of World Records"" by performing his record fast draws with a standard weight single-action revolver from a western movie type holster. His fastest time for a draw was 0.02 seconds. Among exhibits were life-size statues of the world's tallest man (Robert Wadlow) and world's largest earth worm, an X-ray photo of a sword swallower,

its 64th year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in ""Guinness World Records"" becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the managing director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in

records and four interviews including one with Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day. The most recent edition is the ""Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition, 2019,"" which was released September 6, 2018. The ""Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums"" was published from 2003 to 2006, based on two earlier, separate HiT publications, ""British Hit Singles"" and ""British Hit Albums"", which began in 1977. It was effectively replaced (in singles part) by the ""Virgin Book of British Hit Singles"" from 2007 onward. A video game, """", was developed by TT Fusion and released for Nintendo DS, Wii and iOS in November

"World record"
World record A world record is usually the best global performance ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill or sport. The book ""Guinness World Records"" collates and publishes notable records of all types, from first and best to worst human achievements, to extremes in the natural world and beyond. In the United States the form World's Record was formerly more common. The term World Best was also briefly in use. The latter term is still used in athletics events, including track and field and road running to describe good and bad performances not recognized as an official world

repeated lightning strike victim Roy Sullivan's hat complete with lightning holes and a pair of gem-studded golf shoes on sale for $6500. The museum closed in 1995. In more recent years, the Guinness company has permitted the franchising of small museums with displays based on the book, all currently () located in towns popular with tourists: Tokyo, Copenhagen, San Antonio. There were once Guinness World Records museums and exhibitions at the London Trocadero, Bangalore, San Francisco, Myrtle Beach, Orlando, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Las Vegas, Nevada. The Orlando museum, which closed in 2002, was branded ""The Guinness Records Experience"";

"Anna Wintour"
her wardrobe choices for key moments of the campaign. Lauren Weisberger, a former Wintour assistant who left ""Vogue"" for ""Departures"" along with Richard Story, wrote ""The Devil Wears Prada"" after a writing workshop he suggested she take. It was eagerly anticipated for its supposed insider portrait of Wintour prior to its publication. Wintour told ""The New York Times"", ""I always enjoy a great piece of fiction. I haven't decided whether I am going to read it or not."" While it has been suggested that the setting and Miranda Priestly were based on ""Vogue"" and Wintour, Weisberger claims she drew not

"Lauren Weisberger"
Lauren Weisberger Lauren Weisberger (born March 28, 1977) is an American novelist and author of the 2003 bestseller ""The Devil Wears Prada"", a ""roman à clef"" of her experience as a put-upon assistant to ""Vogue"" editor-in-chief Anna Wintour. Weisberger was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to a school teacher mother and a department store president turned mortgage broker father. Her family is Jewish; Weisberger was raised in Conservative Judaism and later Reform Judaism. She spent her early youth in Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania, a small town outside Scranton. At 11, her parents divorced and she and her younger sister, Dana, moved to

Prada
shown in New York City at Prada's New York headquarters. The show was broadcast over screens in Times Square. Previous Prada models include Daria Werbowy, Gemma Ward, Vanessa Axente, Suvi Koponen, Ali Stephens, Vlada Roslyakova and Sasha Pivovarova, who went on to appear in Prada's ad campaigns for six consecutive seasons after opening the Prada fall 2005 runway show. Prada has also featured many actors as models in their menswear shows and campaigns, including Gary Oldman, Adrian Brody, Emile Hirsch and Norman Reedus. Prada's runway music is designed by Frédéric Sanchez. Prada has commissioned architects, most notably Rem Koolhaas and

"Daniel Lismore"
Daniel Lismore Daniel Lismore is a London-based artist and fashion designer whose work has received international recognition. His self-modelled outfits became well-known on London's club scene for their decorative excess, often involving Haute Couture, Maasai tribal jewellery and chain mail. He has been described as ""England's most outrageous dresser"" by Vogue, his fashion designs have been worn by Nicki Minaj, Mariah Carey and Rita Ora. Born 24 December 1984, he was brought up in the village of Fillongley, on the border of Coventry. He studied photography and fashion design before moving to London aged 17, where he became a model,

"Steven Alan"
Steven Alan Steven Alan (born Steven Alan Grossman) is an American fashion designer from New York City. Alan's designs and collections have gained critical attention from British Vogue, Teen Vogue, Nylon, ""New York"" magazine, the ""New York Times"", ""Los Angeles Times"", and others. The fashion-industry trade journal Women's Wear Daily reported ""Steven Alan has become a household name for hip consumers, including actresses Mary-Kate Olsen and Natalie Portman."" Opening his first New York City retail store and showroom in 1994 to curate and sell the works of other designers, by 1999 Alan launched his own line of ready-to-wear standards, including

"Kayne Gillaspie"
""Black and White"" challenge, in which designers had to make cocktail dresses using only the aforementioned colors. Gillaspie was not the only competitor to go home during that challenge; previously eliminated contestants Angela Keslar and Vincent Libretti were brought back for the challenge as a reward for previous wins, yet were sent home again. Kayne Gillaspie Johnathan Kayne Gillaspie (born March 14, 1979) is an American fashion designer, specializing in eveningwear gowns. His brand Johnathan Kayne is distributed to specialty retail stores internationally. Kayne gained attention as a contestant on the third season of the Bravo reality series ""Project Runway""

"Andre J."
He says he has been affirmed by strangers telling him that they were glad he was alive, and believe that he were put on the earth ""to be a bodhisattva, to just glow, emanate love, respect, peace, pizzazz"". Andre J. Andre J. (born 1979) is an American party promoter who is a presence in the New York City fashion scene. He is known for his distinctive, androgynous personal style and has been featured in photo spreads in French ""Vogue"" and ""V"" magazine. Born Andre Johnson in Newark, New Jersey, Andre J. was raised by a single mother in a housing

"Petra Collins"
Petra Collins Petra Collins (born December 21, 1992) is a Canadian artist, photographer, fashion model and director who rose to prominence in the early 2010s. Her photography is characterized by a feminine, dreamlike feel, informed in part by a female gaze approach. She is a resident photographer for ""Rookie"" magazine and a casting agent for Richard Kern. She has also directed a number of short films, including music videos for Carly Rae Jepsen, Lil Yachty, Selena Gomez, and Cardi B. In 2016, Collins was chosen as a face of Gucci. She has been labeled an ""it girl"" by photographer and

"Bruce Weber (photographer)"
Bruce Weber (photographer) Bruce Weber (born March 29, 1946) is an American fashion photographer and occasional filmmaker. He is most widely known for his ad campaigns for Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Pirelli, Abercrombie & Fitch, Revlon, and Gianni Versace, as well as his work for ""Vogue"", ""GQ"", ""Vanity Fair"", ""Elle"", ""Life"", ""Interview"", and ""Rolling Stone"" magazines. Weber was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. His fashion photography first appeared in the late 1970s in ""GQ"" magazine, where he had frequent cover photos. Nan Bush, his longtime companion and agent, was able to secure a contract with Federated Department Stores to shoot the

"Anthony Vaccarello"
garage. With high hemlines and sexy power dresses becoming the core of his subsequent collections, he gained a celebrity following, dressing Jennifer Lopez, Miley Cyrus, Gwyneth Paltrow and Alessandra Ambrosio. By September 2014, Vaccarello was creating a capsule collection for Versus Versace. He went on to create several collections for Versus until April 2016 when it was announced that he had been appointed creative director of Saint Laurent Paris. In July 2011, he won the prestigious ANDAM Fashion Award and a €200.000 endowment. Anthony Vaccarello Anthony Vaccarello (born 18 January 1982) is an Italian-Belgian fashion designer and currently creative director

"Cash flow statement"
No. 95 (FAS 95) mandated that firms provide cash flow statements. In 1992, the International Accounting Standards Board issued International Accounting Standard 7 (IAS 7), ""Cash Flow Statement"", which became effective in 1994, mandating that firms provide cash flow statements. US GAAP and IAS 7 rules for cash flow statements are similar, but some of the differences are: The cash flow statement is partitioned into three segments, namely: The money coming into the business is called cash inflow, and money going out from the business is called cash outflow. Operating activities include the production, sales and delivery of the company's

particularly its ability to pay bills. International Accounting Standard 7 (IAS 7), is the International Accounting Standard that deals with cash flow statements. People and groups interested in cash flow statements include: The cash flow statement was previously known as the flow of funds statement. The cash flow statement reflects a firm's liquidity. The statement of financial position is a snapshot of a firm's financial resources and obligations at a single point in time, and the income statement summarizes a firm's financial transactions over an interval of time. These two financial statements reflect the accrual basis accounting used by firms

rules, dividends received from a company's investing activities is reported as an ""operating activity,"" not an ""investing activity."" Sample cash flow statement using the direct method The indirect method uses net-income as a starting point, makes adjustments for all transactions for non-cash items, then adjusts from all cash-based transactions. An increase in an asset account is subtracted from net income, and an increase in a liability account is added back to net income. This method converts accrual-basis net income (or loss) into cash flow by using a series of additions and deductions. The following rules can be followed to calculate

Cash flow statement In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash flows, is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down to operating, investing and financing activities. Essentially, the cash flow statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and out of the business. The statement captures both the current operating results and the accompanying changes in the balance sheet. As an analytical tool, the statement of cash flows is useful in determining the short-term viability of a company,

"Time-weighted return"
is also contained in the same portfolio, so there is no external flow. A cash dividend on a stock in a portfolio, which is retained in the same portfolio as the stock, is a flow from the stock to the cash account within the portfolio. It is internal to the portfolio, but external to both the stock and the cash account when they are considered individually, in isolation from one another. The time-weighted method only captures the effect attributable to the size and timing of internal flows in aggregate, i.e. insofar as they result in the overall performance of the

Dividend
— the day on which the dividend cheque will actually be mailed to shareholders or credited to their bank account. The dividend frequency describes the number of dividend payments within a single business year. Most relevant dividend frequencies are yearly, semi-annually, quarterly and monthly. Some common dividend frequencies are quarterly in the US, semi-annually in Japan and Australia and annually in Germany. Some companies have dividend reinvestment plans, or DRIPs, not to be confused with scrips. DRIPs allow shareholders to use dividends to systematically buy small amounts of stock, usually with no commission and sometimes at a slight discount. In

financial statement because it eliminates allocations, which might be derived from different accounting methods, such as various timeframes for depreciating fixed assets. Cash basis financial statements were very common before accrual basis financial statements. The ""flow of funds"" statements of the past were cash flow statements. In 1863, the Dowlais Iron Company had recovered from a business slump, but had no cash to invest for a new blast furnace, despite having made a profit. To explain why there were no funds to invest, the manager made a new financial statement that was called a ""comparison balance sheet"", which showed that

procedure might be seen as, formula_1 For example, consider a company that has a net income of $100 this year, and its A/R increased by $25 since the beginning of the year. If the balances of all other current assets, long term assets and current liabilities did not change over the year, the cash flows could be determined by the rules above as $100 – $25 = Cash Flows from Operating Activities = $75. The logic is that, if the company made $100 that year (net income), and they are using the accrual accounting system (not cash based) then any

of XYZ: Cash flow statement In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash flows, is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down to operating, investing and financing activities. Essentially, the cash flow statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and out of the business. The statement captures both the current operating results and the accompanying changes in the balance sheet. As an analytical tool, the statement of cash flows is useful in determining the short-term viability of

"Cash conversion cycle"
in cash through its effect upon receivables, inventory, payables, and finally back to cash—thus, the term ""cash conversion cycle"", and the observation that these four accounts ""articulate"" with one another. Taking these four transactions in pairs, analysts draw attention to five important intervals, referred to as conversion cycles (or conversion periods): Knowledge of any three of these conversion cycles permits derivation of the fourth (leaving aside the ""operating cycle"", which is just the sum of the ""inventory conversion period"" and the ""receivables conversion period"".) Hence, In calculating each of these three constituent conversion cycles, the equation Time = Level/Rate is

"Flag of the United States"
to 13 so as to honor the original colonies. The act specified that new flag designs should become official on the first July 4 (Independence Day) following admission of one or more new states. The most recent change, from 49 stars to 50, occurred in 1960 when the present design was chosen, after Hawaii gained statehood in August 1959. Before that, the admission of Alaska in January 1959 prompted the debut of a short-lived 49-star flag. Prior to the adoption of the 48-star flag in 1912, there was no official arrangement of the stars in the canton, although the U.S.

"Flag of the President of the United States"
unified the coat of arms, flag, and seal to use the new design. The flag was first flown at the commissioning of the two days later. The only changes have been to add more stars for new states; President Eisenhower issued on May 26, 1959 (effective July 4) to add a star for Alaska, and later issued on February 5, 1960 (again effective the following July 4) to add a 50th star for Hawaii. The design has not changed since. It is illegal to reproduce or sell the flag of the President pursuant to Title 18 of the United States

13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner. The current design of the U.S. flag is its 27th; the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4, 1959. The 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21, 1959, and was adopted in July

which is now the American national anthem. The flag is currently on display in the exhibition, ""The Star-Spangled Banner: The Flag That Inspired the National Anthem"" at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History in a two-story display chamber that protects the flag while it is on view. On April 4, 1818, a plan was passed by Congress at the suggestion of U.S. Naval Captain Samuel C. Reid in which the flag was changed to have 20 stars, with a new star to be added when each new state was admitted, but the number of stripes would be reduced

changed by President Truman in 1945, a process which began with inquiries by President Roosevelt (who had been involved with the creation of the 1916 flag) shortly before his death. The new flag used the same basic design for the eagle, except (in response to some heraldic criticisms) changed the eagle to face towards its right (dexter, the direction of honor) and thus towards the olive branch, and the eagle was changed to be in full color. Instead of the four stars, a circular ring of 48 stars was added around the eagle. Truman issued on October 25, 1945, which

the grade with his teacher, it was agreed (somewhat jokingly) that if the flag was accepted by Congress, the grade would be reconsidered. Heft's flag design was chosen and adopted by presidential proclamation after Alaska and before Hawaii was admitted into the Union in 1959. According to Heft, his teacher did keep to their agreement and changed his grade to an A for the project. The 49- and 50-star flags were each flown for the first time at Fort McHenry on Independence Day, in 1959 and 1960 respectively. Traditionally, the flag may be decorated with golden fringe surrounding the perimeter

and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation."" Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U.S. flag flown during battle was on August 3, 1777, at Fort Schuyler (Fort Stanwix) during the Siege of Fort Stanwix. Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. Soldiers cut up their shirts to

on the General Casimir Pulaski issue of 1931, though in a . The first U.S. postage stamp to feature the flag as the sole subject was issued July 4, 1957, Scott catalog number 1094. Since that time the flag has frequently appeared on U.S. stamps. In 1907 Eben Appleton, New York stockbroker and grandson of Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead (the commander of Fort McHenry during the 1814 bombardment) loaned the Star Spangled Banner Flag to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 he converted the loan to a gift. Appleton donated the flag with the wish that it would always be

"Seal of the President of the United States"
new seal was first used on December 5, 1945. Alaska was admitted as the 49th state on January 3, 1959, which caused the 49th star to be added to the United States flag on the following July 4. On May 26, President Eisenhower issued , which added a 49th star to the outer ring on the presidential coat of arms (and therefore the seal and flag as well), also effective on July 4. The order was otherwise identical to Truman's order, which it replaced. Hawaii was admitted as the 50th state on August 21, 1959, and Eisenhower duly issued on

was omitted however, and instead an arc of thirteen stars was used, above the eagle and on either side of the wings. The eagle, arrows, and olive branch were all in white. The flag was first used by Arthur on a trip to Florida in 1883. It was used primarily aboard boats, such as on the presidential yacht USS ""Dolphin"" in 1893 for a naval fleet review during celebrations related to the 400th anniversary of Columbus. There were some exceptions though, such as during the centennial of Washington's inauguration in 1889, and by a hotel proprietor during a presidential trip

"Subay'"
sedentary population. Subaie's population is nearly 800.000-1.000.000 people all around central and north of the Arabian Peninsula, located in the Middle East. Subay' Subay' (, also spelled Sbay', Sbei', and Subei) are a Muslim tribe of central Saudi Arabia. The tribe is of North Arabian (Adnanite) stock, and traces its lineage to the large, ancient tribe of Banu 'Amir, also known as 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, who came to dominate Nejd in the medieval period. At the turn of the 20th century the tribe comprised both nomadic (""bedouin"") and sedentary sections. The original grazing lands of the tribe's bedouins had been

Siddi
to the authors, the genome-wide ancestry of the Makrani was essentially the same as that of the neighboring Indo-European speaking Balochi and Dravidian-speaking Brahui. Siddi The Siddi (), also known as Sidi, Siddhi, Sheedi or Habshi, is an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of the East African region. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants, slaves, and mercenaries. The Siddi community is currently estimated at around 50,000–60,000 individuals, with Karnataka, Gujarat and Hyderabad in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan as the main population centres. Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are

"Sansi people"
Sansi people Sansi is a nomadic tribe, originally located in the Rajasthan area of northwestern India, but expelled in the 13th century by Muslim invaders and now spread to states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab as well as scattered throughout India. They are often confused with other ethnic groups called Sansi, as Sansi is a widespread name in South Asia. Their language is Sansiboli, Sansi or Bhilki that is a highly endangered Indo-Aryan language of the Central group, total speakers ca. 60,000 (2002). Their traditional occupations vary, from trading to farming. During British rule in India they were placed under the

"Subay'"
Subay' Subay' (, also spelled Sbay', Sbei', and Subei) are a Muslim tribe of central Saudi Arabia. The tribe is of North Arabian (Adnanite) stock, and traces its lineage to the large, ancient tribe of Banu 'Amir, also known as 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, who came to dominate Nejd in the medieval period. At the turn of the 20th century the tribe comprised both nomadic (""bedouin"") and sedentary sections. The original grazing lands of the tribe's bedouins had been the region of Ranyah and Kurmah, on the border between Nejd and 'Asir. The tribe ended up roaming the areas of central

Siddi
Siddi The Siddi (), also known as Sidi, Siddhi, Sheedi or Habshi, is an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of the East African region. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants, slaves, and mercenaries. The Siddi community is currently estimated at around 50,000–60,000 individuals, with Karnataka, Gujarat and Hyderabad in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan as the main population centres. Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are Hindus and others belong to the Catholic Church. There are conflicting hypotheses on the origin of the name ""Siddi"". One theory is that the

"Safi (Pashtun tribe)"
in large number in Mohmand, Bajaur Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and in Zhob District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Currently Safi tribesmen are all around Afghanistan and in North-West Pakistan. The Safi are divided into 3 main clans. The three major clans are the 1-Gurbuz, 2-Mehsud or ""Masawad"" and 3-Wazir or Wadair also known s ""Qandahari"". The exact population number of this clan is not known; however, it is estimated to be around 2.5 million, both in Afghanistan and in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Safis have played an important role in the Afghan society, especially in Afghan Governments and also

Ghurghakht. Safi is a major branch of the greater Ghurghakht Pashtun tribe, originating in the Kohi Safi district of Parwan province. The Safi is divided into 3 main clans. The three major clans are the 1-Gurbuz ,2-Mehsud or ""Masawad"" and 3-wazir or Wadair also known s ""Qandahari"".. The exact population of this clan is not known; however, it is estimated to be around 3 million, both in Afghanistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Balochistan and in different cities of Punjab. The ancestry of the Safis reaches back to the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Gandhara, and

Lasi
Maswhani, Masuni, Mushani, Runjha, Samot, Shahok, Sheikh, Sithar and Zuar. Lasi The Lasi are a tribal group of Balochistan, Pakistan. They form 3.5% of the total population of the province (as of 1961), and are the predominant group in the lowlands of Lasbela District. They occupy a low social position and have traditionally been engaged as agricultural labourers on land owned by the Jhalawan Brahuis of the neighbouring mountains. They speak the Lasi dialect of Sindhi. Although social stratification is found in individual tribes, there is no social hierarchy or rigid tribal structure. The Lasi include the following tribes: Abra,

"Shirazis of the Comoros"
Shirazis of the Comoros The Shirazis of the Comoros are one of the largest ethnic group inhabiting the archipelago nation of Comoros near the east African coast. Their origins are linked to Shiraz and the southwestern coastal region of Persia (now Iran). The Shirazi people are notable for helping establish Sunni Islam in Comoros, and the wealth they accumulated from trading commodities and slaves. Msaidie et al. (2010) analyzed the uniparental DNA variation on three Bantu-speaking islands of the Comoros archipelago, collecting blood samples from 577 unrelated Comorian men and women (Grand Comore: 170 men, 67 women; Anjouan: 104 men,

Safi (Pashtun tribe) Sāfī ( ""Sāpai""; plur. ساپي ""Sāpī"") is a major branch of the greater Ghurghakhti Pashtun tribe. The Safi tribe comprises a majority in the Pech Valley of Kunar and are present in significant numbers in Parwan Province (Kohi Safi), Kapisa Province, Kabul Province, Laghman Province, Nuristan Province and the whole of Kunar Province.A reasonable majority of those who were living on the Durand Line migrated since 1900 into the different urban and rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, particularly Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, Nowshehra, Swabi. A large number also settled in Rawalpindi, Tarnol, Lahore, Multan. They are also present

"Structure of the Earth"
obducted onto the continental crust and preserved as ophiolite sequences. Many rocks now making up Earth's crust formed less than 100 million (1) years ago; however, the oldest known mineral grains are about 4.4 billion (4.4) years old, indicating that Earth has had a solid crust for at least 4.4 billion years. Earth's mantle extends to a depth of 2,890 km, making it the thickest layer of Earth. The mantle is divided into upper and lower mantle. The upper and lower mantle are separated by the transition zone. The lowest part of the mantle next to the core-mantle boundary is

discontinuity (a second order discontinuity). The uppermost mantle together with the crust constitutes the lithosphere. The crust-mantle boundary occurs as two physically different events. First, there is a discontinuity in the seismic velocity, which is most commonly known as the Mohorovičić discontinuity or Moho. The cause of the Moho is thought to be a change in rock composition from rocks containing plagioclase feldspar (above) to rocks that contain no feldspars (below). Second, in oceanic crust, there is a chemical discontinuity between ultramafic cumulates and tectonized harzburgites, which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that have been

increase in seismic velocity and are similar to light reflecting from a mirror. The Earth's crust ranges from in depth and is the outermost layer. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins (5–10 km) and are composed of dense (mafic) iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt. The thicker crust is continental crust, which is less dense and composed of (felsic) sodium potassium aluminium silicate rocks, like granite. The rocks of the crust fall into two major categories – sial and sima (Suess,1831–1914). It is estimated that sima starts about 11 km below the Conrad

Earth
oldest oceanic crust is located in the Western Pacific and is estimated to be old. By comparison, the oldest dated continental crust is . The seven major plates are the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian, and South American. Other notable plates include the Arabian Plate, the Caribbean Plate, the Nazca Plate off the west coast of South America and the Scotia Plate in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The Australian Plate fused with the Indian Plate between . The fastest-moving plates are the oceanic plates, with the Cocos Plate advancing at a rate of and the Pacific Plate moving

"Geological history of Earth"
plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the ""universal ocean"") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica). The Carboniferous extends from about 358.9 ± 0.4

the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The geologic component layers of Earth are at the following depths below the surface: The layering of Earth has been inferred indirectly using the time of travel of refracted and reflected seismic waves created by earthquakes. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in other layers. The changes in seismic velocity between different layers causes refraction owing to Snell's law, like light bending as it passes through a prism. Likewise, reflections are caused by a large

Earth
through plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges. The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans because the crust there is much thinner than that of the continents. Earth's mechanically rigid outer layer, the lithosphere, is divided into tectonic plates. These plates are rigid segments that move relative to each other at one of three boundaries types: At convergent boundaries, two plates come together; at divergent boundaries, two plates are pulled apart; and at transform boundaries, two plates slide past one another laterally. Along these

Earth
eruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape the Earth's surface over geological time. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite. Less common is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the crust. The third form of rock material found on

Earth
plate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation can occur. The tectonic plates ride on top of the asthenosphere, the solid but less-viscous part of the upper mantle that can flow and move along with the plates. As the tectonic plates migrate, oceanic crust is subducted under the leading edges of the plates at convergent boundaries. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes recycles the oceanic crust back into the mantle. Due to this recycling, most of the ocean floor is less than old. The

known as the D″ ( dee-double-prime) layer. The pressure at the bottom of the mantle is ≈140 GPa (1.4 Matm). The mantle is composed of silicate rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium relative to the overlying crust. Although solid, the high temperatures within the mantle cause the silicate material to be sufficiently ductile that it can flow on very long timescales. Convection of the mantle is expressed at the surface through the motions of tectonic plates. As there is intense and increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, the lower part of the mantle flows less

"Philippine passport"
for Metro Manila (DFA Consular Affairs office, ASEANA, Parañaque, Alabang Town Center, SM Megamall, and Robinsons Galleria), Pampanga (Marquee Mall, Angeles and DFA Pampanga regional office), DFA Lucena regional office, and Robinsons Lipa, and 15 to 20 days in other provinces. For Filipinos abroad it will take up to 120 days. Passports previously could be amended for 100 pesos (approx. $2.50) in the Philippines or $20 abroad, although machine-readable passports are no longer amendable. Lost or stolen passports may be replaced for 700 pesos (approx. $14) in the Philippines, $90 abroad. As of 2018, the DFA requires all applicants (new

data page. Physical signatures are once again required for biometric passports issued after August 15, 2016, with the signature field on page 3. Philippine citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 66 countries and territories, ranking the Philippine passport 72nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with a passport from Tunisia) according to the Henley Passport Index. The new biometric Philippine passport costs 950 pesos (approximately $18) in the Philippines or $60 abroad. Overtime processing for new passports costs an additional 250 pesos. Persons who take advantage of overtime processing get their passports within seven days for applications

"Visa policy of the Philippines"
by Australia, Canada, Japan, United States or a Schengen Area state may enter and stay without a visa for up to 7 days. Nationals of holding a valid tourist, business or resident visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States or a Schengen Area state may enter and stay without a visa for up to 14 days. They may enter from any port of entry. Holders of passports issued by any country except the following may obtain a visa (for a fee) valid for 59 days on arrival: Citizens of may apply for an entry permit through

or renewal) to secure an appointment online through their website. Philippine passport A Philippine passport is both a travel document and a primary national identity document issued to citizens of the Philippines as of the moment, since the national identity card system in the Philippines is not yet implemented as of the moment. It is issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Philippine diplomatic missions abroad, with certain exceptions. The Department of Foreign Affairs began issuing maroon machine-readable passports on September 17, 2007, and biometric passports on August 11, 2009. The green colored cover non-electronic passports are still valid

"Philippine identity card"
""7 million Filipinos, who are mostly beneficiaries of the government’s cash transfer program, including indigenous people (IP)s"", while all living overseas Filipinos should be issued an ID by 2023. Philippine identity card The Philippine Identification System ID (PhilSys ID) or the Philippine Identification Card (Filipino: ""Pambansang Pagkakakilanlan"") is the official national identity card for Filipino citizens worldwide and foreign permanent residents in the Philippines. The document is a significant part of the Philippine Identification System (PhilSys), the national identification system to be implemented by the Philippine government. The legislation which seeks to implement this system is the ""Philippine Identification System

itself is administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs, which maintains a list of countries eligible to participate in the program. In principle, nationals of countries which maintain diplomatic relations with the Philippines and whose nationals are not classified as restricted nationals by the DFA are allowed to enter the Philippines without a visa. Eligible nationals availing of visa-free entry must possess passports valid for at least six months beyond their contemplated period of stay. On July 1, 2013, the Bureau of Immigration began implementing an extended visa waiver for covered nationals from 21 to 30 days, which the Philippine

Philippine passport A Philippine passport is both a travel document and a primary national identity document issued to citizens of the Philippines as of the moment, since the national identity card system in the Philippines is not yet implemented as of the moment. It is issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Philippine diplomatic missions abroad, with certain exceptions. The Department of Foreign Affairs began issuing maroon machine-readable passports on September 17, 2007, and biometric passports on August 11, 2009. The green colored cover non-electronic passports are still valid until they expire. Philippine passports are printed at the APO

(""Given Name, Middle Name, Surname""), sex, blood type, birth date, birthplace, marital status (optional), and photograph of the bearer. It will also store the bearer's mobile number (optional), email address (optional), and biometrics data (full fingerprints set and iris scan) in the PhilSys Registry. Filipino citizens as well as resident aliens will be required to obtain a PhilSys ID. In a 5 October 2018 report, PSA head (Lisa Grace S. Bersales, National Statistician and Civil Registrar General of the PSA) reported that the necessary ""bid procurement for the national ID system"" should start around 3rd week of October 2018 and

"Visa requirements for Philippine citizens"
for Filipino citizens for entry to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones: Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries: <br> <br> The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages for the holder: Visa requirements for Philippine citizens Visa requirements for Philippine citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of the Philippines by the authorities of other territories. Philippine citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 66 countries and territories, ranking the Philippine passport

Visa policy of the Philippines The visa policy of the Philippines is governed by Commonwealth Act No. 613, also known as the Philippine Immigration Act, and by subsequent legislation amending it. The Act is jointly enforced by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and the Bureau of Immigration (BI). Generally, foreign nationals who wish to enter the Philippines require a visa unless: The Philippine visa waiver program is governed by Executive Order No. 408, signed on November 9, 1960 by President Carlos P. Garcia, and by subsequent executive issuances amending it. While visas are issued by the BI, the program

"Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None"
a bookcase in the library. The exterior of Shipwreck Island, including a beach, a forest, and an apiary, may also be explored. The player character is Patrick Narracott. Patrick is the only character not mentioned in Christie's original novel, although his brother — Fred Narracott — is the one who ferries the guests to the island in the original book. The other characters are the guests: Judge Lawrence John Wargrave; Vera Elizabeth Claythorne; Philip Lombard; General John Gordon MacArthur; Emily Caroline Brent; Dr. Edward George Armstrong; Anthony James Marston; William Henry Blore; the butler, Thomas Rogers; and his wife, Ethel

to Patrick that he is the one who damaged the boat, believing Patrick to be his brother Fred, who he thought was a thief. At dinner that night, the guests discover that none of them have met, or are familiar with, ""U.N. Owen"", the enigmatic host who invited most of them to the party. After dinner, a gramophone record accuses the ten non-player characters of getting away with murder. Moments later, Anthony Marston dies after drinking a poisoned cocktail. That night, Ethel Rogers dies of a drug overdose in her sleep. The deaths are initially thought to be suicides or

"And Then There Were None"
She finds a noose and chair arranged in her room, and a strong smell of the sea. With visions of her former lover Hugo urging her on, she adjusts the noose and kicks the chair out from under her. Two Scotland Yard officials are puzzled by the identity of U N Owen. Although they can partially reconstruct the deaths from Marston to Wargrave with the help of the victims' diaries and a coroner's careful report, they conclude that U N Owen was one of the victims, but are unable to determine which one; they also think that none of the

faked her own death earlier. There are four different endings depending on whether Vera and Phillip – one, both, or neither – are saved. If Phillip is saved, he will reveal that his name is actually Charles Morley, a friend of Lombard's who assumed his identity when the real Phillip Lombard committed suicide out of guilt for his past crime. If Vera is saved, she and Naracott return to Sticklehaven (with Morley, if he also survives), where Vera explains her innocence of the crime the gramophone accused her of. If either Vera or Morley (or both) are saved, their statements

played; the recording describes each visitor in turn, accuses each of having committed murder but escaping justice, and then asks if any of ""the accused"" wishes to offer a defence. All but Anthony Marston and Philip Lombard deny the charges, and Miss Brent refuses to discuss the matter. They discover that none of them actually knows the Owens, and Justice Wargrave concludes that the name ""U.N. Owen"" is shorthand for ""Unknown"". After the recording, Marston finishes his drink and immediately dies from cyanide poisoning. The remaining guests notice that one of the ten figurines is now broken, and the nursery

"And Then There Were None (1945 film)"
Rogers informs them that the boat will not return until Monday, and it is only Friday. Starloff admits to running down a couple while speeding. Then he takes a drink and dies from poison. The next morning, the guests learn that Mrs. Rogers has died in her sleep. Quinncannon reports that Rogers found one figurine broken after Starloff's demise. Now another is missing. With two deaths matching the Ten Little Indians nursery rhyme, they search the island for ""Mr. Owen"" without success. After General Mandrake is stabbed in the back, the judge arrives at the only explanation: Owen must be

self-defense revolver to the island. After the deaths of Thomas Rogers' by axe and Emily Brent from anaphylactic shock from a bee sting, Lombard announces that his revolver has been stolen, and a search for it is fruitless. Naracott discovers he has been poisoned with the fictional drug Solidamide, but he obtains a remedy: a bottle of the fictional ""Bellman's Universal Application"". During a blackout after dinner that night, Wargrave is killed by a shot to the head. In the morning, however, Wargrave's body is missing along with Armstrong, whose drowned body will later wash up on the shore. Wargrave's

last four victims (Armstrong, Blore, Lombard, or Claythorne) can be U N Owen at all; for example The chair on which Vera stood to hang herself had been set back upright, indicating that someone was still alive on the island after her suicide, presumably the killer. In a postscript, a fishing ship picks up a bottle inside its trawling nets; the bottle contains a written confession of the killings, which is then sent to Scotland Yard. It is not clear how long after the killings the bottle was discovered. In the confession, Justice Wargrave writes that he has long wished

a one-man submarine the player could operate as not being in the style of Christie's work. The survival of Vera and Lombard, and the change of the General's name from MacArthur to MacKenzie, were both used by Christie herself in a 1943 stage adaption of the novel. Patrick Narracott as the eleventh character was a major plot change, and was done to explore a semi-romance between him and Vera Claythorne, as well as the developers' desire to have players connect to a more human character, rather than a nameless one. The main concern designer Lee Sheldon had was the emphasis

Morley drops. Returning to the mansion, she finds a noose hanging in the parlor and discovers who Owen is: Quinncannon, very much alive. The judge tells her that all his life he had searched for perfect justice. After learning that he was terminally ill, he concocted this plan. He persuaded Armstrong to fake his (Quinncannon's) death, supposedly to help catch Owen, then murdered Armstrong. He tells Miss Claythorne that she can either hang herself or be sent to the gallows (as the only possible perpetrator). He drinks poisoned whiskey, and Morley suddenly appears behind him. Vera missed the shot intentionally.

"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"
scoring to the film. Recording for the score occurred in January 2017 at Abbey Road Studios. ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2: Awesome Mix Volume 2"", along with the film score album composed by Bates, were released on April 21, 2017. A cassette version of ""Awesome Mix Volume 2"" was released on June 23, 2017, while a deluxe edition vinyl LP featuring both ""Awesome Mix Volume 2"" and Bates' score was released on August 11, 2017. In June 2016, Marvel announced plans for an expanded merchandising program for the sequel, with Groot playing a central role. Gunn ensured the film's

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's ""Guardians of the Galaxy"" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt

moved up to May 5, 2017. In the following months, Michael Rooker said he would return as Yondu, and was looking forward to exploring new areas of the character. Chris Pratt, who played Peter Quill/Star-Lord in the first film, confirmed the sequel would be one of his next projects. Bradley Cooper expressed interest and excitement when asked if he would return as Rocket. Vin Diesel also confirmed he would return as Groot. In March 2015, Gunn revealed that filming would take place in Atlanta, Georgia with ""major crew changes"" from the first film, and that his brother, Sean Gunn, would

set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout that previous film. Russell was confirmed as Quill's father in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father. ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"" premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It grossed more than $863 million worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor. The film received praise for

""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"" made its world premiere in Tokyo on April 10, 2017, and its Hollywood premiere on April 19 at the Dolby Theatre. The film began its international release on April 25, in Australia, New Zealand, and Italy, alongside a total of 37 markets in its first weekend, with 176 IMAX screens in 35 of those markets. Its North American release on May 5 took place in 4,347 theaters, of which over 3,800 were in 3D, 388 in IMAX and IMAX 3D, 588 premium large-format, and 194 D-Box locations. The film's opening in China was in

Russell. In ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"", the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film, along with Gunn's return from the first film, with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015. Principal photography began in February 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments. Filming concluded in June 2016. Gunn chose to

to use the camera in September 2015, when only that single prototype existed, and spent three months working with Red to get the camera ready for filming. For the sequence where Rocket and Yondu escape from the Ravagers, a Phantom Camera was used to film scenes up to 2000 frames per minute, with the footage able to be moved from slow-motion to high-speed within a single shot. Each shot using the camera had to be carefully set up and choreographed. Additional scenes were also shot in IMAX and its aspect ratio. Braham filmed almost 85 percent of the film using

he wanted to use Sneepers, an alien race that first appeared in Marvel Comics in 1964, as background characters in the film, but was advised against it by Marvel's legal department because the name was too similar to snípur, the Icelandic word for clitoris. The Marvel legal department later cleared the use of Sneepers in the film, in part because of all the media coverage Gunn's initial post received. At the end of the month, Feige stated casting announcements would be made before the end of 2015, and by the end of October, Pom Klementieff was cast as Mantis. Also,

"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack)"
of the Galaxy Vol.2: Awesome Mix Volume 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)"" was released by Hollywood Records on April 21, 2017. It was released on cassette on June 23, 2017 and on vinyl LP on August 11, 2017. The vinyl version is a deluxe edition featuring Bates' original score from the film. Marvel and Doritos partnered for their Rock Out Loud campaign to create ""a custom-designed, limited-edition series of Doritos bags featuring a built-in cassette tape deck-inspired player that plays"" ""Awesome Mix Vol. 2"" and can be recharged. The custom bags were available to purchase on April 28, 2017 on

non-dairy white chocolate to be eaten onscreen. Pre-shooting began on February 11, 2016, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, under the working title ""Level Up"", with Henry Braham serving as cinematographer and Scott Chambliss as production designer. Gunn noted that many of the crew from the first film, such as cinematographer Ben Davis and production designer Charles Wood, signed on to work on ""Doctor Strange"", and due to a late change in production schedule for that film, were unable to work on ""Vol. 2"". Principal photography began on February 17, with Marvel confirming that Russell had joined the

"Edwardian era"
Liverpool (1900–01, 1905–06), Newcastle United (1904–05, 1906–07, 1908–09) and Manchester United (1907–08) winning their first league titles. Edwardian era The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long-term trends from the 1890s to the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. Her successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes

Societies (NUWSS) led by Millicent Fawcett. However front page publicity was seized by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). Founded in 1903, it was tightly controlled by the three Pankhursts, Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928), and her daughters Christabel Pankhurst (1880–1958) and Sylvia Pankhurst (1882–1960). It specialized in highly visible publicity campaigns such as large parades. This had the effect of energizing all dimensions of the suffrage movement. While there was a majority of support for suffrage in parliament, the ruling Liberal Party refused to allow a vote on the issue; the result of which was an escalation in the suffragette

Edwardian era The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long-term trends from the 1890s to the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. Her successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a ""leisurely time when women wore picture hats and did not vote,

"History of the United Kingdom"
a short interruption) until 1830. Forces of reform, often emanating from the Evangelical religious elements, opened decades of political reform that broadened the ballot, and opened the economy to free trade. The outstanding political leaders of the 19th century included Palmerston, Disraeli, Gladstone, and Salisbury. Culturally the Victorian era (Queen Victoria reigned 1837–1901) was a time of prosperity and dominant middle-class virtues when Britain dominated the world economy and maintained a generally peaceful century, 1815–1914. The First World War (1914–1918), in alliance with France, Russia and the United States, was a furious but ultimately successful total war with Germany. The

powers such as Germany, Russia, and the United States. The sudden arrival of world war in summer 1914 was largely unexpected; only the Royal Navy was prepared for war. There was a growing political awareness among the working class, leading to a rise in trade unions, the Labour movement and demands for better working conditions. The aristocracy remained in control of top government offices. The Conservatives – at the time called ""Unionists"" – were the dominant political party from the 1890s until 1906. The party had many strengths, appealing to voters supportive of imperialism, tariffs, the Church of England, a

Robert Falcon Scott's teams. The 1908 Summer Olympic Games were held in London. Popularity of sports tended to conform to class divisions, with tennis and yachting popular among the very wealthy and football favoured by the working class. Aston Villa maintained their position as the pre-eminent football team of the era, winning the FA Cup for the fourth time in 1904–05 and their sixth League title in 1909–10. The club colours of claret and sky blue were adopted by Burnley as a tribute to their success in 1910. Sunderland achieved their fourth league title in 1901–02. The era also saw

druggists sold contraceptives. Marwick says that class distinctions softened, national cohesion increased, and British society became more equal. As a leisure, literacy, wealth, ease of travel, and a broadened sense of community grew in Britain from the late 19th century onward, there was more time and interest in leisure activities of all sorts, on the part of all classes. The annual vacation became common. Tourists flocked to seaside resorts; Blackpool hosted 7 million visitors a year in the 1930s. Organized leisure was primarily a male activity, with middle-class women allowed in at the margins. There were class differences with upper-class

clubs, and working-class and middle-class pubs. Heavy drinking declined; there were more competitions that attracted heavy betting. Participation in sports and all sorts of leisure activities increased for the average Englishman, and his interest in spectator sports increased dramatically. By the 1920s the cinema and radio attracted all classes, ages and genders in very large numbers, with young women taking the lead. Working-class men wearing flat caps and eating fish and chips were boisterous football spectators. They sang along at the music hall, fancied their pigeons, gambled on horse racing, and took the family to Blackpool in summer. The cartoon

pride of place to such moral issues as sportsmanship and fair play. Football proved highly attractive to the urban working classes, which introduced the rowdy spectator to the sports world. New games became popular almost overnight, including golf, lawn tennis, cycling and hockey. Women were much more likely to enter these sports than the old established ones. The aristocracy and landed gentry, with their ironclad control over land rights, dominated hunting, shooting, fishing and horse racing. Cricket reflected the Imperial spirit throughout the Empire (except Canada). Test matches began by the 1870s; the most famous are those between Australia and

and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in ""The Oxford Companion to British History"" argues that Lloyd George: Queen Victoria died in 1901 and her son Edward VII became king, inaugurating the Edwardian Era, which was characterised by great and ostentatious displays of wealth in contrast to the sombre Victorian Era. With the advent of the 20th century, things such as motion pictures, automobiles, and aeroplanes were coming into

"Elfin Oak"
Elfin Oak The Elfin Oak is the stump of a 900-year-old oak tree in Kensington Gardens in London, carved and painted to look as though elves, gnomes and small animals are living in its bark. The hollow log, donated by Lady Fortescue, originally came from Richmond Park, and was moved to Kensington Gardens in 1928 as part of George Lansbury's scheme of public improvements in London. Over the next two years the illustrator Ivor Innes carved the figures of the ""Little People"" into it. These included Wookey the witch, with her three jars of health, wealth and happiness, Huckleberry the

"Paynes Poppets"
for their box. George Payne & Co. began production in the East End of London, before moving to Croydon Road, Croydon in the 1930s. In 1998 it was purchased by Northern Foods. In 2001 the closure of the Croydon factory was announced, as part of a deal by Northern Foods to take over the Fox's factory in Leicester from Nestlé and relocate Poppet production there. Paynes Poppets Paynes Poppets or Poppets are a confectionery manufactured by Fox's, first introduced in 1937 by Payne's fine confectionery in Croydon. The product comes in four flavours: Mint, Toffee, Raisin and Orange. The Orange

"Kew Gardens"
now the largest Victorian glasshouse in existence. Kew was the location of the successful effort in the 19th century to propagate rubber trees for cultivation outside South America. In February 1913, the Tea House was burned down by suffragettes Olive Wharry and Lilian Lenton during a series of arson attacks in London. Kew Gardens lost hundreds of trees in the Great Storm of 1987. From 1959 to 2007 Kew Gardens had the tallest flagpole in Britain. Made from a single Douglas-fir from Canada, it was given to mark both the centenary of the Canadian Province of British Columbia and the

"Bowater House"
in 1958. The buildings were constructed by Taylor Woodrow Construction, using a steel frame and concrete cast in situ, clad with polished granite, brick and glass, creating approximately of floor space. It was pre-let as the London headquarters of the Bowater Paper Corporation. Harold Samuel, founder and chairman of Land Securities, commissioned a sculpture from Jacob Epstein: his last sculpture ""Rush of Green"" (also known as ""The Bowater House Group"", ""The Return of Spring"", ""The Family"", or ""The Pan Group"") was completed shortly before his death in 1959 and installed in 1961 on a plinth separating the carriageways beneath the

Paynes Poppets Paynes Poppets or Poppets are a confectionery manufactured by Fox's, first introduced in 1937 by Payne's fine confectionery in Croydon. The product comes in four flavours: Mint, Toffee, Raisin and Orange. The Orange and Mint varieties are made of a fondant centre with a dark chocolate covering, while the Strawberry fondant and other varieties have a milk chocolate coating. During 2009, ten million Poppets were consumed each week. Poppets are best known for their iconic packaging in small, 40 gram, cardboard boxes. When other confectionery moved to plastic wrappers in the 1960s and 1970s, Poppets retained their traditional

"Poppy Factory"
Poppy Factory The Poppy Factory is a factory in Richmond, London, England, where remembrance poppies are made. It was founded in 1922 to offer employment opportunities to wounded soldiers returning from the First World War, creating remembrance products for the Royal Family and The Royal British Legion’s annual Poppy Appeal. It is operated by a company that is a registered charity which provides employment support to disabled veterans across England and Wales. The factory makes approximately 36 million poppies each year. The corresponding organisation in Scotland is Lady Haig's Poppy Factory in Edinburgh, which was established in 1926 and makes

"Peter Pan statue"
they will find a May-day gift by Mr J.M. Barrie, a figure of Peter Pan blowing his pipe on the stump of a tree, with fairies and mice and squirrels all around. It is the work of Sir George Frampton, and the bronze figure of the boy who would never grow up is delightfully conceived."" He donated the sculpture to the city of London, although some critics objected to him advertising his works by erecting a sculpture in a public park without permission. It became a Grade II* listed building in 1970. A plaque was unveiled by Princess Margaret in

"Red House Cone"
Red House Cone The Red House Cone is located in Wordsley in the West Midlands, adjacent to the Stourbridge Canal bridge on the A491 High Street. It is a high conical brick structure with a diameter of , used for the production of glass. It was used by the Stuart Crystal firm till 1936, when the company moved to a new facility at Vine Street. It is one of only four complete cones remaining in the United Kingdom. It is the best preserved of only four such structures in the UK and is currently used as a museum by Dudley

"Hatton Garden"
Hatton Garden Hatton Garden is a street and commercial area in the Holborn district of the London Borough of Camden. It takes its name from Sir Christopher Hatton, a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I, who established a mansion here and gained possession of the garden and orchard of Ely Place, the London seat of the Bishops of Ely. It remained in the Hatton family and was built up as a stylish residential development in the reign of King Charles II. St Etheldreda's Church in Ely Place, all that survives of the old Bishops' Palace, is one of only two remaining

"Paul Cummins"
for a PhD at the University of Derby, and lecturing in crafts. The university awarded him an Honorary Master of Arts in January 2015. He was awarded an honorary PhD by London Metropolitan University in July 2015. In 2015, Cummins also displayed at the Chelsea Flower Show. His installation ""Candy"" stood 8 metres tall and was made up of over 2,500 porcelain tulips in a variety of colours. Proceeds from this are reported to be going to a charity whose cause affects 1 in 3 people, but was never named. Paul Cummins Paul Cummins MBE (born 26 September 1977) is

"Phil Hartman"
were cancelled on the day of Hartman's death as well as that night's performance by The Groundlings. The season five premiere episode of ""NewsRadio"", ""Bill Moves On,"" finds Hartman's character, Bill McNeal, has died of a heart attack, while the other characters reminisce about his life. Lovitz joined the show in his place from the following episode. A special episode of ""Saturday Night Live"" commemorating Hartman's work on the show aired on June 13, 1998. Rather than substituting another voice actor, the writers of ""The Simpsons"" retired Hartman's characters, and the season ten episode ""Bart the Mother"" (his final appearance

"Danny Sorenson"
of personal turmoil, becoming inattentive and apathetically disrespectful while on the job, and spending his off-duty hours drinking and carousing. Exactly to what extent this was in fact part of an act was left unresolved, but it was written into the storyline that Sorenson had taken on an assignment that involved pretending to fall from grace with the NYPD and infiltrating organized crime factions within Manhattan. After being reported as missing, Sorenson's remains were discovered in a shallow grave at the beginning of season nine, with the character's death being attributed to the mob syndicate he had been attempting to

"Brad Bellick"
experience. In a later episode Bellick dies, while saving the mission to get Scylla. Lincoln and Bellick were trying to bridge a pipe across a main water conduit, but it was too heavy. Bellick heaved the pipe into position, refusing Lincoln's pleas to save himself. The pipe was hauled into place, sealing Bellick inside as the water pressure resumed. He subsequently drowned. In the following episode several main characters reminisce and mourn Bellick, including T-Bag, Sara, and Sucre. T-Bag, still masquerading as Cole Pfeiffer, actually delivers an indirect eulogy for Bellick, coining the phrase 'the captivity of negativity', citing the

"Beau Felton"
length of a network drama's TV season. Bolander chooses to retire when his suspension is up, while Felton drops out of sight. During Season 5, Giardello often complains about Felton's unknown whereabouts, and rumors began to spread that he had resigned in disgrace following his suspension. In the two-part season finale of (""Partners and Other Strangers"" and ""Strangers and Other Partners""), Felton is found dead in his house, a shotgun blast having destroyed most of his skull. The evidence first points to suicide, but M.E. Julianna Cox soon determines that he had been murdered with a pistol shot to the

"Kenny McCormick"
the season, Stan, Kyle, and Cartman fill the void left by Kenny by allowing the characters Butters Stotch and Tweek Tweak into their group, paving the way for those characters to receive more focus on the show. Nevertheless, Kenny returned from the year-long absence in the season six finale ""Red Sleigh Down"", has remained a main character since, and has been given larger roles in episodes. His character no longer dies in every episode, and has only been killed occasionally in the seasons following his return. The first explanation given for Kenny's deaths and reappearances was given in ""Cartman Joins

"Chuck Bass"
In order to gather material for a story, Dan tags along with Chuck for a night, ending with the two of them in jail after a fistfight. While in jail, Chuck tells Dan in confidence that Chuck's mother died while giving birth to him, and that his father blames him for her death, which explains their icy relationship. When Chuck later discovers that Dan was using him for a story, he feels betrayed and tells Dan that he was lying about all of it. Chuck's storyline throughout season 2 mainly deals with his inability to tell Blair that he loves

"Bill Bixby"
to the artist Judith Kliban, widow of B. Kliban, a cartoonist who had died of a pulmonary embolism. Bixby married Judith in late 1993, just six weeks before he collapsed on the set of ""Blossom"". In early 1993, after rumors began circulating about his health, Bixby went public with his illness, and made several appearances on shows such as ""Entertainment Tonight"", ""The Today Show"", and ""Good Morning America"", among others. On November 21, 1993, six days after his final assignment on ""Blossom"", Bixby died of complications from prostate cancer in Century City, Los Angeles. He was 59 years old. Bill

Eric Cartman's eponymous superhero alter ego. He unmasks himself at the end of the episode, but his identity is left intentionally ambiguous. He is not revealed to be Kenny until the Season 14 episode ""Mysterion Rises"", the character's third appearance as part of a story arc. Prior to season six, Kenny died in almost every episode. The nature of the deaths were often gruesome and portrayed in a comically absurd fashion, and usually followed by Stan and Kyle respectively yelling ""Oh my God! They killed Kenny!"" and ""You bastards!"" Shortly afterward, rats would commonly appear and begin picking at his

"New York, I Love You XOXO"
New York, I Love You XOXO ""New York, I Love You XOXO"" is the series finale of ""Gossip Girl"". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012. ""Gossip Girl"" follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton

"Lennie Briscoe"
out after the second episode of ""Trial By Jury""; coinciding with Orbach's death on December 28, 2004, from prostate cancer. The character's departure from the show was originally to be in the episode ""Baby Boom"" in which members of the DA's office attend a memorial service for him. This scene was in fact filmed and is available on the behind-the-scenes footage of the show's DVD set, but was not included in the aired episode. Briscoe's absence past the second episode is never acknowledged, and he is quickly replaced by Detective Chris Ravell (Scott Cohen). His former partners each mention his

"Saint Alphonsa"
Saint Alphonsa Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in Kerala. Her feast day is observed on July 28th. St Alphonsa was born as Anna Muttathupadathu in a Syro-Malabar Nasrani family to Cherian Ouseph and Mary Muttathupadathu in Kudamalloor, near Kottayam, on 19 August 1910. She was baptised on 27 August. ""Alphonsamma"", as she was

tomb has been designated as a pilgrimage site with numerous miracles being reported by pious devotees. Saint Alphonsa Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in Kerala. Her feast day is observed on July 28th. St Alphonsa was born as Anna Muttathupadathu in a Syro-Malabar Nasrani family to Cherian Ouseph and Mary Muttathupadathu in Kudamalloor,

"Euphrasia Eluvathingal"
decrees concerning the miracle attributed to Euphrasia's intercession. This confirmed the Pope's approval of Euphrasia's canonisation. At a special mass held at St Peter's Square at Vatican City on 23 November 2014, Pope Francis canonised Euphrasia as a saint. Mother Sancta, Mother General of Congregation of the Mother of Carmel (CMC), carried the relics of Euphrasia to the altar. Euphrasia Eluvathingal Marth Euphrasia Eluvathingal also called Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal baptised as Rosa Eluvathingal (17 October 1877 – 29 August 1952) was an Indian Carmelite nun of the Syro-Malabar Church which is an Eastern Catholic Church and a part of the

"Mother Teresa"
in 1962 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1969. She later received other Indian awards, including the Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award) in 1980. Teresa's official biography, by Navin Chawla, was published in 1992. In Kolkata, she is worshipped as a goddess by some Hindus. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of her birth, the government of India issued a special 5 coin (the amount of money Teresa had when she arrived in India) on 28 August 2010. President Pratibha Patil said, ""Clad in a white sari with a blue border, she and the sisters of Missionaries

Euphrasia Eluvathingal Marth Euphrasia Eluvathingal also called Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal baptised as Rosa Eluvathingal (17 October 1877 – 29 August 1952) was an Indian Carmelite nun of the Syro-Malabar Church which is an Eastern Catholic Church and a part of the Saint Thomas Christian community in Kerala. She was canonised as a Saint by Pope Francis on 23 November 2014 in Vatican City. The beheading of St.John the Baptist is celebrated on August 29.So the feast of St.Euphrasia is postponed to August 30. She was born Rosa Eluvathingal on 17 October 1877 in a Syro-Malabar Catholic Nasrani family in Kattoor,

"Sarada Devi"
Sarada Devi Sarada Devi ; ) (22 December 1853 – 21 July 1920), born Khemankari/ Thakurmani/ Saradamani Mukhopadhyay , was the wife and spiritual counterpart of Sri Ramakrishna, a nineteenth-century mystic of Bengal. Sarada Devi is also reverentially addressed as the Holy Mother (""Sri Sri Maa"" ) by the followers of the Sri Ramakrishna monastic order. Sri Sarada Devi or Sri Sri Maa is one of the notable woman saints and mystics of the nineteenth century. She paved the way for the future generation of women to take up monasticity as the means and end of life. In fact the

"Nirmala Deshpande"
of Ram Mohan Rai. This museum is like an honor and tribute and includes her belongings. Nirmala Deshpande Nirmala Deshpande (17 October 1929 – 1 May 2008) was a noted Indian social activist who had embraced Gandhian philosophy. She devoted her adult life to promotion of communal harmony and service to women, tribal people, and the dispossessed in India. She was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of India in 2006. and was awarded Sitara-e-Imtiaz posthumously by Pakistan in 2010 Deshpande was born to Vimala (विमला) and Purushottam Yashawant Deshpande (पुरुषोत्तम यशवंत देशपांडे) in Nagpur on 19 October

Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, known in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, ; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. In 1950 Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation which had over 4,500 sisters and was active in

the first Roman Catholic cathedral named in Teresa's honor, was consecrated in Kosovo. The Cathedral is also Kosovo's first Roman Catholic cathedral as well. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, known in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, ; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of

"Nirmala Joshi"
Nirmala Joshi Nirmala Joshi, M.C. (23 July 1934 – 23 June 2015), better known as Sister Nirmala, was a Catholic Religious Sister who succeeded Nobel laureate Mother Teresa as the head of her Missionaries of Charity and expanded the movement overseas. After taking over the charity following Mother Teresa’s death in 1997, Nirmala expanded the organisation’s reach to 134 countries by opening centres in nations such as Afghanistan, Israel and Thailand. Nirmala Joshi, née Kusum, was born on 23 July 1934 in a Brahmin family as the eldest of the ten children at Regmi Village, Syangja, Nepal . Her father

"United States Treaties and Other International Agreements"
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from ""slip"" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States Statutes at Large until 1948. It was created when Congress implemented Reorganization Plan 20 of 1950 in

"Treaty Clause"
Treaty Clause The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. The term ""treaty"" is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international

upheld by the Supreme Court in ""Field v. Clark"" (1892). Warren F. Kimball, Alliances, Coalitions, and Ententes - The American alliance system: an unamerican tradition Treaty Clause The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three

, adding . Case-Zablocki Act requirements were modified by , which also mandated publishing on the Internet. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from ""slip"" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States

law. U.S. law distinguishes what it calls ""treaties"" from ""congressional-executive agreements"" and ""executive agreements"". All three classes are considered treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal United States law. Distinctions among the three concern their method of ratification: by two-thirds of the Senate, by normal legislative process, or by the President alone, respectively. The Treaty Clause empowers the President to make or enter into treaties with the ""advice and consent"" of two-thirds of the Senate. In contrast, normal legislation becomes law after approval by simple majorities in both the Senate ""and"" the House of

Ratification
of international treaties is always accomplished by filing instruments of ratification as provided for in the treaty. In most democracies, the legislature authorizes the government to ratify treaties through standard legislative procedures by passing a bill. The President makes a treaty in exercise of his executive power, on the aid and the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, and no court of law in India may question its validity. However, no agreement or treaty entered into by the president is enforceable by the courts which is incompatible with Indian constitution/ national law, as India follows

submitted to the Senate for approval as outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Since the Franklin Roosevelt presidency, only 6% of international accords have been completed as Article II treaties. Most of these executive agreements consist of congressional-executive agreements. American law is that international accords become part of the body of U.S. federal law. Consequently, Congress can modify or repeal treaties by subsequent legislative action, even if this amounts to a violation of the treaty under international law. This was held, for instance, in the Head Money Cases. The most recent changes will be enforced by U.S. courts entirely

cannot. In general, arms control agreements are often ratified by the treaty mechanism. At the same time, trade agreements (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and United States accession to the World Trade Organization) are generally voted on as a CEA, and such agreements typically include an explicit right to withdraw after giving sufficient written notice to the other parties. If an international commercial accord contains binding ""treaty"" commitments, then a two-thirds vote of the Senate may be required. Between 1946 and 1999, the United States completed nearly 16,000 international agreements. Only 912 of those agreements were treaties,

call for one). Second, there are two procedures for ratifying the proposed amendment, which requires three-fourths of the states' (presently 38 of 50) approval: (a) consent of the state legislatures, or (b) consent of state ratifying conventions. The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment. State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code . The Archivist submits the proposed amendment to the states for their consideration by sending a letter of notification

the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies. In contract law, the need for ratification can arise in two ways: if the agent attempts to bind the principal despite lacking the authority to do so; and if the principal authorizes the agent to make an agreement, but reserves

"Tsunami warning system"
the existence of a tsunami. Other systems have been proposed to augment the warning procedures; for example, it has been suggested that the duration and frequency content of t-wave energy (which is earthquake energy trapped in the ocean SOFAR channel) is indicative of an earthquake's tsunami potential. The first rudimentary system to alert communities of an impending tsunami was attempted in Hawaii in the 1920s. More advanced systems were developed in the wake of the April 1, 1946 (caused by the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake) and May 23, 1960 (caused by the 1960 Valdivia earthquake) tsunamis which caused massive devastation

Earthquake
and prepare for consequences. Individuals can also take preparedness steps like securing water heaters and heavy items that could injure someone, locating shutoffs for utilities, and being educated about what to do when shaking starts. For areas near large bodies of water, earthquake preparedness encompasses the possibility of a tsunami caused by a large quake. From the lifetime of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE to the 14th century CE, earthquakes were usually attributed to ""air (vapors) in the cavities of the Earth."" Thales of Miletus, who lived from 625–547 (BCE) was the only documented person who

"First Warning"
market may use the system as well. First Warning was created in 1990 by Gary England, then the chief meteorologist of CBS affiliate KWTV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (a city which historically has had the highest number of tornado strikes of any U.S. city since tornado records began to be logged in 1890), and went into use in the spring of 1991. The system was conceived to provide visual alerts for severe and winter weather as well as other hydrologic and non-hydrologic weather advisories to television viewers in a timely and convenient manner. The original version of this forecast product

"Earthquake warning system"
central and southern Mexico including Mexico City and Oaxaca), limited regions of Romania (the Basarab bridge in Bucharest), and parts of the United States. The earliest automated earthquake pre-detection systems were installed in the 1990s; for instance, in California, the Calistoga fire station's system which automatically triggers a citywide siren to alert the entire area's residents of an earthquake. Some California fire departments use their warning systems to automatically open overhead doors of fire stations before the earthquake can disable them. While many of these efforts are governmental, several private companies also manufacture earthquake early warning systems to protect infrastructure

to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process. The instrumental scales used to describe the size of an earthquake began with the Richter magnitude scale in the 1930s. It is a relatively simple measurement of an event's amplitude, and its use has become minimal in the 21st century. Seismic waves travel through the Earth's interior and can be recorded by seismometers at great distances. The surface wave magnitude was developed in the 1950s as a means to measure remote earthquakes and to improve the accuracy for larger events. The moment magnitude scale measures the amplitude of

such as elevators, gas lines and fire stations. The Mexican Seismic Alert System began operations in 1991 and began publicly issuing alerts in 1993. Initially serving Mexico City with twelve sensors, the system now has 97 sensors and is designed to protect life and property in several central and southern Mexican states. Japan's Earthquake Early Warning system was put to practical use in 2006. The system that warns the general public was installed on October 1, 2007. It was modeled partly on the Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System (UrEDAS) of Japan Railways, which was designed to enable automatic braking

for measuring earthquake magnitudes was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1935. Subsequent scales (see seismic magnitude scales) have retained a key feature, where each unit represents a ten-fold difference in the amplitude of the ground shaking, and a 32-fold difference in energy. Subsequent scales are also adjusted to have approximately the same numeric value within the limits of the scale. Although the mass media commonly reports earthquake magnitudes as ""Richter magnitude"" or ""Richter scale"", standard practice by most seismological authorities is to express an earthquake's strength on the moment magnitude scale, which is based on the actual energy released

"International Early Warning Programme"
International Early Warning Programme The International Early Warning Program (IEWP), was first proposed at the Second International Early Warning Conference (EWCII) in 2003 in Bonn, Germany. It developed increasing importance in the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which claimed over 200,000 lives and injured over half a million people. In January 2005, the United Nations (UN) launched extensive plans to create a global warning system to lessen the impact of deadly natural disasters at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan. The UN programme would help improve prevention and resilience to all types of natural

on their smart phones. The app requires the phone to receive the alerts. In December 2014, the United States Congress approved a $5 million allocation as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 in order to expand funding for development of the system. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has investigated collaboration with the social networking site Twitter to allow for more rapid construction of ShakeMaps. , USGS began testing an earthquake early warning app. QuakeAlert was developed by Early Warning Labs in partnership USGS. In July 2015, the USGS awarded $4 million in funding to the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory,

"Earthquake location"
first refinement that allowed a more precise determination of the location, was the use of a time scale. Instead of merely noting, or recording, the absolute motions of a pendulum, the displacements were plotted on a moving graph, driven by a clock mechanism. This was the first seismogram, which allowed precise timing of the first ground motion, and an accurate plot of subsequent motions. From the first seismograms, as seen on the figure, it was noticed that the trace was divided into two major portions. The first seismic wave to arrive was the P-wave, followed closely by the S-wave. Knowing

"Conscription in the United States"
soldier still on active duty, retired in 2011. Chief Warrant Officer 5 Ralph E. Rigby, the last Vietnam War-era drafted soldier of Warrant Officer rank, retired from the army on November 10, 2014 after a 42-year career. On July 2, 1980, President Jimmy Carter issued Presidential Proclamation 4771 and re-instated the requirement that young men register with the Selective Service System. At that time it was required that all males, born on or after January 1, 1960, register with the Selective Service System. Those now in this category are male U.S. citizens and male immigrant non-citizens between the ages of

"Military service"
males up to the age of 26 are required to register with the Selective Service System, whose mission is ""to provide manpower to the armed forces in an emergency"" including a ""Health Care Personnel Delivery System"" and ""to run an Alternative Service Program for men classified as conscientious objectors during a draft."" No one has been prosecuted for violating the conscription law in the USA since 1986, but registration is required for certain benefits such as federal college aid, or in certain states, state college aid, or even driver's license. Women do not currently register for Selective Service in the

last men conscripted, who were born in 1952 and who reported for duty in June 1973. On February 2, 1972, a drawing was held to determine draft priority numbers for men born in 1953, but in early 1973 it was announced by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird that no further draft orders would be issued. In March 1973, 1974, and 1975, the Selective Service assigned draft priority numbers for all men born in 1954, 1955, and 1956, in case the draft was extended, but it never was. Command Sergeant Major Jeff Mellinger, believed to be the last drafted enlisted ranked

students. Those starting graduate studies in the fall of 1967 were given two semester deferments becoming eligible in June 1968. Those further along in their graduate study who entered prior to the summer of 1967 could continue to receive a deferment until they completed their studies. Peace Corps Volunteers were no longer given deferments and their induction was left to the discretion of their local boards. However most boards allowed Peace Corps Volunteers to complete their two years assignment before inducting them into the service. On December 1, 1969, a lottery was held to establish a draft priority for all

"United States Army Recruiting Command"
overall majorities in Congress in 1955, 1959, and 1963, its final extension in 1967 was also passed by a majority of Congress, but only after a year of hearings and public debate. The U.S. Army became an all-volunteer force again in 1973. During the years of the Vietnam War between From 1965 to 1973, there were 1,728,254 inductions through selective service. There was however a direct effect on public support for the draft that was high even after the Korean War to its low in early 1970s because Draftees, who constituted only 16 percent of the armed forces, but 88

In response, Selective Service published plans for the ""Health Care Personnel Delivery System"" (HCPDS) in 1989 and has had them ready ever since. The concept underwent a preliminary field exercise in Fiscal Year 1998, followed by a more extensive nationwide readiness exercise in Fiscal Year 1999. The HCPDS plans include women and men ages 20–54 in 57 different job categories. As of May 2003, the Defense Department has said the most likely form of draft is a special skills draft, probably of health care workers. In 1918, the Supreme Court ruled that the World War I draft did not violate

four digits were expected to have problems beginning in the year 2000. The Selective Service identified 27,218 records of men born in the 19th century made errantly applicable by the change of century and began sending out notices to them on June 30. On June 14, 2016, the Senate voted to require women to register for the draft, though language requiring this was dropped from later versions of the bill. The Selective Service (and the draft) in the United States is not limited to citizens. Howard Stringer, for example, was drafted six weeks after arriving from his native Britain in

created the system for the ""Doctor Draft"" aimed at inducting health professionals into military service. Unless otherwise exempted or deferred (see Berry Plan), these men could be called for up to 21 months of active duty and five years of reserve duty service. Congress further tweaked this act in 1950 although the post–World War II surplus of military manpower left little need for draft calls until Truman's declaration of national emergency in December 1950. Only 20,348 men were inducted in 1948 and only 9,781 in 1949. Between the Korean War's outbreak in June 1950 and the armistice agreement in 1953,

2004 found that 29% would resist if drafted. In November 2006, Representative Charles B. Rangel (D-NY) again called for the draft to be reinstated; Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi rejected the proposal. On December 19, 2006, President George W. Bush announced that he was considering sending more troops to Iraq. The next day, the Selective Service System's director for operations and chief information officer, Scott Campbell, announced plans for a ""readiness exercise"" to test the system's operations in 2006, for the first time since 1998. On December 21, 2006, Veterans Affairs Secretary Jim Nicholson, when asked by a reporter

"United States Military Academy"
withdrawal. President Obama also provided the commencement address in 2014. After the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy was lifted September 20, 2011, the academy began admitting and retaining openly gay cadets. By March 2012, cadets were forming a gay-straight alliance group called Spectrum. By March 2015, Spectrum had two faculty and 40 cadet members, a mixture of gay, straight, bi, and undecided. According to a Vanity Fair essay, the LGBT cadets were well accepted. After the ban on transgender service members was lifted in 2016, the Class of 2017 saw the first openly transgender graduate. However, she was denied a

"River Cottage Australia"
season one which was a co-production between ITV Studios Australia and Keo Films, the new seasons would solely be produced by Keo Films. The second season premiered on 1 May 2014. In April 2015, it was announced the third season, consisting of 8 episodes, would premiere on 26 May 2015. However, unlike previous seasons, the series would premiere on The LifeStyle Channel's sister network LifeStyle Food. On 5 November 2015, it was announced the series had been renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on 29 March 2016. It was confirmed in January 2017 that the program had been cancelled..

"James Davern"
popular drama series in Australian television history. The series ran from 1981 to 1993 with 1,058 episodes. Davern wrote episodes for ""Homicide"", ""Alpha Scorpio"", ""Rush"", ""Patrol Boat"", ""A Country Practice"", and ""Warming Up"". As producer or executive producer, he worked on shows such as ""Rush"", ""Alpha Scorpio"", ""Barnaby and Me"", ""No Room to Run"", ""Patrol Boat"", ""A Country Practice"", ""Queen of the Road"", ""Warming Up"", ""Hector's Bunyip"", ""Land of Hope"", ""Whipping Boy"", ""The Hostages"", ""Reprisal"", ""Without Warning"". Davern was inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame in 1991 in recognition for his service to and influence on Australian television. In

"The Durrells"
2016 and the most-watched show of the day (including +1). Following a seven-day catch-up period, the figure aggregated to just under 8.2 million people. Citing the show as its ""best rating new drama of the year and its highest rating new show since September 2014"", ITV recommissioned the show for a second series on 15 April 2016. Over the course of the first series, ratings averaged out at 6.9 million viewers. Internationally, the series was acquired in Australia by the Seven Network and premiered on 24 August 2016. In the United States, PBS began airing the show, retitled as ""The

"Shortland Street"
Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital, first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992. It is the country's longest-running drama and soap opera, being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 26 years, and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand. The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere. After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year's worth of episodes in

"Coronation Street"
Coronation Street Coronation Street (also known as Corrie) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960. The programme centres on Coronation Street in Weatherfield, a fictional town based on inner-city Salford. In the show's fictional history, the street was built in 1902 and named in honour of the coronation of King Edward VII. The show airs six times a week: Monday, Wednesday and Friday 7:30-8 pm and 8:30-9 pm. Since 2017, ten sequential classic episodes of the series from 1986 onwards have been broadcast weekly on ITV3. The programme was conceived

as their characters Chris Warner and Rachel McKenna and the show received a new producer. The show reached huge ratings in 2007 when a Serial Killer Storyline was introduced, with five characters meeting their demise. Episode 4000 saw the return of series original Dr. Hone Ropata for a six-week stint in 2008. Shortland Street aired its first ever 90 minute episode on 2 August 2010. The episode featured Chris discovering he had a son with series original Alison Raynor in 1996, and the conclusion to the three-year Kieran Mitchell storyline which saw the shows second highest ever ratings. Shortland Street

"Comedy Inc."
no longer censored), ran 25 1-hour episodes in total, following an extension of the series by the Nine Network, making it the longest running series of the show to date. On Thursday 19 October 2006, the show was nominated at the 2006 ""Australian Film Institute Awards"" in five categories, including Best Television Comedy Series, Best Direction in Television, and two nominations for Best Performance in a Television Comedy Series, one each for Paul McCarthy and Genevieve Morris. The fifth season was directed by Damian Davis, previously director of The Ronnie Johns Half Hour. The head writers were Kevin Brumpton and

"The Man from Snowy River (TV series)"
future notables Andrew Clarke, Guy Pearce, Josh Lucas, Victoria Tennant, Olivia Newton John, Tracy Nelson, Lee Horsley, Dean Stockwell, Chad Lowe, Jane Badler, Wendy Hughes, Hugh Jackman, and Frances O'Connor. Nominated for a Logie Award for ""Most Popular Drama"" (1996). When the series was distributed to some countries, the title was changed for various reasons. Season 1<br> 1 The Race (1994)<br> 2 Pascoe's Principles (23 SEP 1994)<br> 3 Kathleen's Choice (23 SEP 1994)<br> 4 Partnerships (25 SEP 1994)<br> 5 Where There's Smoke (2 OCT 1994)<br> 6 Tracks of Gold (9 OCT 1994)<br> 7 Plans of Poison (16 OCT 1994)<br> 8

"Number 96 (TV series)"
July 1977 the series was cancelled due to declining ratings at which point, with 1218 episodes, it held the record as Australia's longest running drama serial. Long-running characters Dorrie and Herb Evans, and Don Finlayson, were the only original characters that appeared in the series to the end. The first episode egan with an exterior shot of the building with moving vans being unloaded while Herb and Dorrie are having an argument off-screen. Each subsequent episode began with a exterior shot of the building while audio from the previous episode's final scene could be heard. The shot would zoom in

(September 1977 – July 1982); Carolyn Reynolds (1991–1993); and Sue Pritchard (1993–1996). From 2008 until Summer 2010 the soap was produced by Kim Crowther, who was replaced by Phil Collinson (producer of Doctor Who from 2005 to 2009). Collinson left the job in 2013, with Stuart Blackburn replacing him. Kate Oates was announced as Blackburn's successor in September 2015. Coronation Street Coronation Street (also known as Corrie) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960. The programme centres on Coronation Street in Weatherfield, a fictional town based on inner-city Salford. In

Ossification
distal femur and proximal tibia which occurs during 9th month of fetal development). The epiphyseal arteries and osteogenic cells invade the epiphysis, depositing osteoblasts and osteoclasts which erode the cartilage and build bone. This occurs at both ends of long bones but only one end of digits and ribs. Several hypotheses have been proposed for how bone evolved as a structural element in vertebrates. One hypothesis is that bone developed from tissues that evolved to store minerals. Specifically, calcium-based minerals were stored in cartilage and bone was an exaptation development from this calcified cartilage. However, other possibilities include bony tissue

Gametogenesis
and ovaries in females). Males and females of a species that reproduce sexually have different forms of gametogenesis: However, before turning into gametogonia, the embryonic development of gametes is the same in males and females. Gametogonia are usually seen as the initial stage of gametogenesis. However, gametogonia are themselves successors of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the dorsal endoderm of the yolk sac migrate along the hindgut to the gonadal ridge. They multiply by mitosis, and, once they have reached the gonadal ridge in the late embryonic stage, are referred to as gametogonia. Once the germ cells have developed into

small opening in the diaphysis. It invades the primary center of ossification, bringing osteogenic cells (osteoblasts on the outside, osteoclasts on the inside.) The canal of the nutrient foramen is directed away from more active end of bone when one end grows more than the other. When bone grows at same rate at both ends, the nutrient artery is perpendicular to the bone. Most other bones (e.g. vertebrae) also have primary ossification centers, and bone is laid down in a similar manner. Secondary centers The secondary centers generally appear at the epiphysis. Secondary ossification mostly occurs after birth (except for

"Endochondral ossification"
growth. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness due to the addition of more extracellular matrix on the peripheral cartilage surface, which is accompanied by new chondroblasts that develop from the perichondrium. The first site of ossification occurs in the primary center of ossification, which is in the middle of diaphysis (shaft). Then: About the time of birth in mammals, a secondary ossification center appears in each end (epiphysis) of long bones. Periosteal buds carry mesenchyme and blood vessels in and the process is similar to that occurring in a primary ossification center.

Spermatocyte
as secondary spermatocytes, a process which takes 24 days to complete. Each secondary spermatocyte will form two spermatids after Meiosis II. Although spermatocytes that divide mitotically and meiotically are sensitive to radiation and cancer, spermatogonial stem cells are not. Therefore, after termination of radiation therapy or chemotherapy, the spermatognia stems cells may re-initiate the formation of spermatogenesis. The formation of primary spermatocytes (a process known as spermatocytogenesis) begins in humans when a male is sexually matured at puberty, around the age of 10 through 14. Formation is initiated upon the pulsated surges of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which

"Human embryogenesis"
form the auricle of the ear. The eyes begin to develop from the third week to the tenth week. At the end of the fourth week limb development begins. Limb buds appear on the ventrolateral aspect of the body. They consist of an outer layer of ectoderm and an inner part consisting of mesenchyme which is derived from the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm. Ectodermal cells at the distal end of the buds form the apical ectodermal ridge, which creates an area of rapidly proliferating mesenchymal cells known as the progress zone. Cartilage (some of which ultimately becomes bone)

Spermatogenesis
in humans. In the following table, ploidy, copy number and chromosome/chromatid counts are for one cell, generally prior to DNA synthesis and division (in G1 if applicable). The primary spermatocyte is arrested after DNA synthesis and prior to division. Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of gametocytogenesis and results in the formation of spermatocytes possessing half the normal complement of genetic material. In spermatocytogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium, which resides in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules, divides mitotically, producing two diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes. Each primary spermatocyte then moves into the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules and

Megagametogenesis
Megagametogenesis Megagametogenesis is the development of a megaspore into an embryo sac, which is the gametophyte - though a highly reduced one - stage in the life cycle of vascular plants. In eudicot plants, the entire process happens inside the ovule of a plant. The details of the process vary by species, but the process described here is common. This process starts with a single diploid megasporocyte in the nucleus. This megasporocyte undergoes meiotic cell division to form four cells that are haploid. Three cells die and one that is most distant from the micropyle develops into the megaspore. This

"Eye development"
Eye development Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. Cells from both the mesodermal and the ectodermal tissues contribute to the formation of the eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest and mesoderm. Neuroepithelium forms the retina, ciliary body, iris, and optic nerves. Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the corneal endothelium and stroma, blood vessels, muscles, and vitreous. The eye begins to

Oogonium
Oogonium An oogonium (plural oogonia) is a small diploid cell which upon maturation forms a primordial follicle in a female fetus or the female (haploid or diploid) gametangium of certain thallophytes. Oogonia are formed in large numbers by mitosis early in fetal development from primordial germ cells. In humans they start to develop between weeks 4 and 8 and are present in the fetus between weeks 5 and 30. Normal oogonia in human ovaries are spherical or ovoid in shape and are found amongst neighboring somatic cells and oocytes at different phases of development. Oogonia can be distinguished from neighboring

"Biltmore Estate"
Edith intermittently occupied the house, living in an apartment carved out of the former Bachelors' Wing, until the marriage of her daughter to John Francis Amherst Cecil in April 1924. The Cecils went on to have two sons who were born in the same room as their mother. In an attempt to bolster the estate's financial situation during the Great Depression, Cornelia and her husband opened Biltmore to the public in March 1930 at the request of the City of Asheville, which hoped the attraction would revitalize the area with tourism. Biltmore closed during World War II and in 1942,

Biltmore Estate Biltmore Estate is a large (6950.4 acres or 10.86 square miles or 28.13 square kilometers) [also noted as 5,000 acres and 8,000 acres elsewhere on this page] private estate and tourist attraction in Asheville, North Carolina. Biltmore House, the main residence, is a Châteauesque-style mansion built by George Washington Vanderbilt II between 1889 and 1895 and is the largest privately owned house in the United States, at of floor space ( of living area). Still owned by George Vanderbilt's descendants, it remains one of the most prominent examples of the Gilded Age. In the 1880s, at the height

self-sustaining enterprise like his grandfather envisioned. He eventually inherited the estate upon the death of his mother, Cornelia, in 1976, while his brother, George, inherited the then more profitable dairy farm which was split off into Biltmore Farms. In 1995, while celebrating the 100th anniversary of the estate, Cecil turned over control of the company to his son, William A. V. Cecil, Jr. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963, and remains a major tourist attraction in Western North Carolina with 1.4 million visitors each year. After the death of William A. V. Cecil in October 2017

and a wicker wastebasket. George Vanderbilt opened his opulent estate on Christmas Eve 1895 to invited family and friends from across the country, who were encouraged to enjoy leisure and country pursuits. Notable guests to the estate over the years included author Edith Wharton, novelist Henry James, ambassadors Joseph Hodges Choate and Larz Anderson, and Presidents William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Barack Obama. George married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser in 1898 in Paris, France; their only child, Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt, was born at Biltmore in the Louis XV room in 1900, and grew up at

the divorce of the Cecils in 1934, Cornelia left the estate never to return; however, John Cecil maintained his residence in the Bachelors' Wing until his death in 1954. Their eldest son, George Henry Vanderbilt Cecil, occupied rooms in the wing until 1956. At that point Biltmore House ceased to be a family residence and has continued to be operated as a historic house museum. Younger son William A. V. Cecil, Sr. returned to the estate in the late 1950s and joined his brother to manage the estate when it was in financial trouble and make it a profitable and

"The Biltmore Company"
luxury Inn on Biltmore Estate opened. Antler Hill Village, with shops and a restaurant, opened in 2010 and is owned by the 209-room Village Hotel on Biltmore Estate. George Washington Vanderbilt II first opened the Vanderbilt Estate in 1895. This six-year project was a grand production, with grounds designed by landscaper Frederick Law Olmsted and the house designed by Richard Morris Hunt. The Biltmore Company is and always has been family owned and operated, with a goal of supporting and maintaining the estate and various industries affiliated with the estate. In 1889 George Vanderbilt and wife Edith Vanderbilt purchased a

"Bellingrath Gardens and Home"
of Alva Smith Vanderbilt Belmont. Ironwork was obtained from the demolished circa 1837 Southern Hotel, also in Mobile. The house design borrowed elements from many traditions and eras. Some of the most obvious are a formal Georgian staircase reminiscent of an English country house, French doors, and a Mediterranean courtyard. Walter and Bessie Morse Bellingrath opened their gardens to the public for the first time on April 7, 1932. The home opened to the general public as a museum in 1956, after the 1955 death of Mr. Bellingrath at the age of 86, and features all of its original furnishings

"Hampton National Historic Site"
first site to be so selected on the basis of its historical significance and ""outstanding merit as an architectural monument"". Hampton Mansion was opened to the public in May 1949 under the care of Preservation Maryland for the next thirty years (1949–79). Work also began in 1949 to restore four of the site's six 19th-century parterres. On October 15, 1966, Hampton was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In October 1979, it was acquired by the National Park Service (NPS), which has operated and managed the estate since. The NPS subsequently acquired additional acreage containing original Ridgely structures,

is George Vanderbilt's gilded bedroom with furniture designed by Hunt. His bedroom connects to his wife's Louis XV-style, oval-shaped bedroom in the north tower through a Jacobean carved oak paneled sitting room with an intricate ceiling. The suite of rooms includes the Damask Room; the Claude Room, named after one of Vanderbilt's favorite artists, Claude Lorrain; the Tyrolean Chimney Room; and the most grand, the Louis XV Room, so named due to its architectural scheme and furnishings that were very popular in the late nineteenth century. The suite was restored and opened to the public for the first time in

"Montpelier Mansion (Laurel, Maryland)"
Christine L. Willcox, the mansion's last private owner, donated the property to the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1961. It was shown to the public as part of the U.S. Bicentennial celebrations in 1976. The same year, a barn budgeted to become a public arts center was destroyed by arson. The Mansion was renovated in the 1980s with funds from a state grant. The historic home was opened as a public tourist attraction in 1985, reflecting its ownership by Nicholas Snowden in 1830. The mansion can be rented for conferences and weddings and the grounds serve as a

"Economy of New Zealand"
contributing factor is the growth of relatively less energy-intensive service industries. The electricity market is regulated by the Electricity Industry Participation Code administered by the Electricity Authority (EA). The electricity sector uses mainly renewable energy sources such as hydropower, geothermal power and increasingly wind energy. The 70% share of renewable energy sources makes New Zealand one of the most sustainable economies in terms of energy generation. New Zealand suffers from a geographical imbalance between electricity production and consumption. The most substantial electricity generation (both existing and as remaining potential) is located on the South Island and to a lesser degree

"Economic history of New Zealand"
Economic history of New Zealand The economic history of New Zealand dates to before European colonisation of the country. By the 20th century, it had become one of the most globalized economies in the world, relying heavily on international trade with developed countries including Australia, Canada, China, European Union, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. It is a mixed economy that functions on free-market principles and has a sizable manufacturing and service sector and an efficient agricultural sector. New Zealand has the 54th largest export economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product. In 2016, New Zealand

"Agriculture in New Zealand"
This is projected to rise to $4.65 billion by 2011. Australia accounts for just over 25% of export value, mostly paper products, followed by Japan, South Korea, China and the United States. Within the New Zealand economy, forestry accounts for approximately 4% of national GDP. On the global stage, the New Zealand forestry industry is a relatively small contributor in terms of production, accounting for 1% of global wood supply for industrial purposes. There are about 400 growers of stone fruit who utilise 3000 hectares of land, mostly in the Hawke's Bay and Otago regions. Three quarters of the fruit

Economy of New Zealand The economy of New Zealand is the 53rd-largest national economy in the world when measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and the 68th-largest in the world when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). New Zealand has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade – mainly with Australia, the European Union, the United States, China, South Korea, Japan and Canada. New Zealand's Closer Economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of Australia. New Zealand's diverse market economy has a sizable service sector, accounting for 63%

"New Zealand"
Economic Freedom. It is a high-income economy with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of US$36,254. The currency is the New Zealand dollar, informally known as the ""Kiwi dollar""; it also circulates in the Cook Islands (see Cook Islands dollar), Niue, Tokelau, and the Pitcairn Islands. Historically, extractive industries have contributed strongly to New Zealand's economy, focussing at different times on sealing, whaling, flax, gold, kauri gum, and native timber. The first shipment of refrigerated meat on the ""Dunedin"" in 1882 led to the establishment of meat and dairy exports to Britain, a trade which provided the basis

of all GDP activity . Large-scale manufacturing industries include aluminium production, food processing, metal fabrication, wood and paper products. Mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water, and waste services accounted for 16.5% of GDP . The primary sector continues to dominate New Zealand's exports, despite accounting for only 6.5% of GDP . The major capital market is the New Zealand Exchange, known as the NZX. , NZX had a total of 258 listed securities with a combined market capitalisation of NZD $94.1 billion. New Zealand's currency, the New Zealand dollar (informally known as the ""Kiwi dollar"") also circulates in five Pacific island

in the central North Island, while the main demand (which is continuing to grow) is in the northern North Island, particularly the Auckland Region. This requires electricity to be transmitted north through a power grid which is reaching its capacity more often. For many years New Zealand's economy was built on a narrow range of agricultural products, such as wool, meat and dairy. These products became New Zealand's staple and most valuable exports, underpinning the success of the economy, from the 1850s until the 1970s. For example, from 1920 to the late 1930s, the dairy export quota was usually around

the biggest individual market followed very closely by Papua New Guinea, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Goods exported to the islands include refined oil, construction materials, medicines, sheep meat, milk, butter, fruit and vegetables. New Zealand also assists Pacific Islands with defence and regional security, and with management of the environment and fisheries. Because of their small size, the Pacific Islands are some of the most vulnerable environments in the world and are on the receiving end of numerous cyclones every year. When disasters occur, they often have severe social and economic effects which last for years. Since 1992, New

in March 2013 dollars) which was less than half New Zealand's Gross Domestic Product at the time. By March 2013, total foreign debt stood at $251 billion, well over 100% of New Zealand's Gross Domestic Product. Industrial production growth rate: 5.9% (2004) / 1.5% (2007) Household income or consumption by percentage share: Agriculture – products: wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish Exports – commodities: dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery Imports – commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics Electricity: Electricity – production by source: Oil: Exchange rates:<br>

in farming, and started quarrying a variety of minerals including gold, which was discovered at Gabriel's Gully in Central Otago, leading to the Otago Gold Rush in 1861. Settlements flourished in areas where these quarries were established. In the 1880s, Dunedin became the richest city in the country largely on the back of investments from the gold rush. Sheep farming began in the Wairarapa but soon spread up and down the east coast from Southland to the East Cape once rudimentary roads and transport became available. Much of the land used for farming was taken or leased from Māori. Sheep

"Hydrogen peroxide"
proteins, membrane lipids and DNA by the peroxide ions. The class of biological enzymes called SOD (superoxide dismutase) is developed in nearly all living cells as an important antioxidant agent. They promote the disproportionation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which is then rapidly decomposed by the enzyme catalase to oxygen and water. Peroxisomes are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, -amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, etherphospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs. Upon oxidation, they

peroxide is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution. Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. Enzymes that use or decompose hydrogen peroxide are classified as peroxidases. The boiling point of has been extrapolated as being 150.2 °C, approximately 50 °C higher than water. In practice, hydrogen peroxide will undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition if heated to this temperature. It may be safely distilled at lower temperatures under reduced pressure. In aqueous solutions hydrogen peroxide differs from the pure material due to the effects of hydrogen bonding between water and hydrogen peroxide molecules.

oxygen within the body. This makes it similar to other oxygen-based therapies, such as ozone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Both the effectiveness and safety of hydrogen peroxide therapy is scientifically questionable. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the immune system but in a carefully controlled manner. Cells called phagocytes engulf pathogens and then use hydrogen peroxide to destroy them. The peroxide is toxic to both the cell and the pathogen and so is kept within a special compartment, called a phagosome. Free hydrogen peroxide will damage any tissue it encounters via oxidative stress; a process which also has been proposed

Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula . In its pure form, it is a pale blue, clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen–oxygen single bond). It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptic. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or ""high-test peroxide"", is a reactive oxygen species and has been used as a propellant in rocketry. Its chemistry is dominated by the nature of its unstable peroxide bond. Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and slowly decomposes in the presence of light. Because of its instability, hydrogen

Hydrogen
reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water. The natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms is called the hydrogen cycle. Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms. Some such organisms, including the alga ""Chlamydomonas reinhardtii"" and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast. Efforts have been undertaken to genetically modify cyanobacterial hydrogenases to efficiently synthesize H gas even in the presence

including emphysema, influenza, AIDS and cancer, although there is no evidence of effectiveness and in some cases it may even be fatal. The practice calls for the daily consumption of hydrogen peroxide, either orally or by injection and is, in general, based around two precepts. First, that hydrogen peroxide is naturally produced by the body to combat infection; and second, that human pathogens (including cancer: See Warburg hypothesis) are anaerobic and cannot survive in oxygen-rich environments. The ingestion or injection of hydrogen peroxide is therefore believed to kill disease by mimicking the immune response in addition to increasing levels of

2.2 million in 2006, most of which was at a concentration of 70% or less. In that year bulk 30% sold for around 0.54 USD/kg, equivalent to US$1.50/kg (US$0.68/lb) on a ""100% basis"". Hydrogen peroxide occurs in surface water, groundwater and in the atmosphere. It forms upon illumination or natural catalytic action by substances contained in water. Sea water contains 0.5 to 14 μg/L of hydrogen peroxide, freshwater 1 to 30 μg/L and air 0.1 to 1 parts per billion. Hydrogen peroxide is thermodynamically unstable and decomposes to form water and oxygen with a Δ""H"" of −98.2 kJ/mol and a

Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria; however, the presence of catalase or other peroxidases in these organisms can increase tolerance in the presence of lower concentrations. Higher concentrations of HO (10 to 30%) and longer contact times are required for sporicidal activity. Hydrogen peroxide is seen as an environmentally safe alternative to chlorine-based bleaches, as it degrades to form oxygen and water and it is generally recognized as safe as an antimicrobial agent by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Historically hydrogen peroxide was used for disinfecting wounds, partly because of its low cost and prompt availability compared to other antiseptics.

against pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide has roles as a signalling molecule in the regulation of a wide variety of biological processes. The compound is a major factor implicated in the free-radical theory of aging, based on how readily hydrogen peroxide can decompose into a hydroxyl radical and how superoxide radical byproducts of cellular metabolism can react with ambient water to form hydrogen peroxide. These hydroxyl radicals in turn readily react with and damage vital cellular components, especially those of the mitochondria. At least one study has also tried to link hydrogen peroxide production to cancer. These studies have frequently been quoted

at its enemies. The beetle produces and stores hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide, in two separate reservoirs in the rear tip of its abdomen. When threatened, the beetle contracts muscles that force the two reactants through valved tubes into a mixing chamber containing water and a mixture of catalytic enzymes. When combined, the reactants undergo a violent exothermic chemical reaction, raising the temperature to near the boiling point of water. The boiling, foul-smelling liquid partially becomes a gas (flash evaporation) and is expelled through an outlet valve with a loud popping sound. Hydrogen peroxide is a signaling molecule of plant defense

"Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You"
Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You ""Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You"" is a country song written by singer-songwriter Pebe Sebert and Hugh Moffatt. It was a number 14 U.S. country hit for Joe Sun in 1978, and a number 86 hit for Brian Collins the same year. It was later covered by Dolly Parton, who took it to the top of the U.S. country singles charts in August 1980.. Parton included her version on her 1980 ""Dolly, Dolly, Dolly"" album, and it was released as the album's second single after the success of ""Starting Over

Again"". In 2013, Sebert's daughter, Kesha, released an acoustic cover of the song as part of her extended play ""Deconstructed"". A new version featuring Parton is a track on Kesha's 2017 album ""Rainbow"". In the song, the narrator tells their lover not to feel threatened by past affairs for these ""old flames"" are in the past. Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You ""Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You"" is a country song written by singer-songwriter Pebe Sebert and Hugh Moffatt. It was a number 14 U.S. country hit for Joe Sun in 1978, and a number

"Pebe Sebert"
and Choir. She began playing coffeehouses in Chicago and Europe throughout her high-school years. In the 1970s Sebert wrote ""Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You"" with then-husband Hugh Moffatt for American Country singer Joe Sun for his album ""Old Flames"". Sun's version soon became a hit, peaking at #14 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart. Two years after Sun's version was released, entertainer Dolly Parton included a cover of the song on her 1980 album ""Dolly, Dolly, Dolly"". Parton's version became a huge hit, reaching #1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart. ""Old Flames Can't Hold

"Joe Sun"
Joe Sun James Joseph Paulsen (born September 25, 1943, Rochester, Minnesota) is an American country music singer, songwriter of Danish descent, known professionally as Joe Sun. Recording for the Ovation and Elektra Records labels, Sun charted fourteen singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. His highest was his 1978 debut single, the No. 14 ""Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You."" He spent his youth in college and then in the Air Force. He did various jobs, such as working as a DJ at Radio WMAD in Madison, Wisconsin and at a Key West, Florida rock station and he

"The Old Lamp-Lighter"
The Old Lamp-Lighter ""The Old Lamp-Lighter"" is a popular song. The music was written by Nat Simon, the lyrics by Charles Tobias. The song was published in 1946. The lyrics sentimentalize and memorialize the profession of lamplighters, who walked city streets at dusk turning on the gas-powered streetlamps and turned them off again at dawn. Several versions of the song made the best-seller charts in 1946-1947. The most popular recording, by Sammy Kaye (vocal by Billy Williams), was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-1963. It first reached the ""Billboard"" Best Seller chart on November 8, 1946, and

Högnason on bass. The album has become one of the classics of Icelandic contemporary pop music albums. The Old Lamp-Lighter ""The Old Lamp-Lighter"" is a popular song. The music was written by Nat Simon, the lyrics by Charles Tobias. The song was published in 1946. The lyrics sentimentalize and memorialize the profession of lamplighters, who walked city streets at dusk turning on the gas-powered streetlamps and turned them off again at dawn. Several versions of the song made the best-seller charts in 1946-1947. The most popular recording, by Sammy Kaye (vocal by Billy Williams), was released by RCA Victor Records

"The Flame (Cheap Trick song)"
The Flame (Cheap Trick song) ""The Flame"" is a power ballad written by British songwriters Bob Mitchell and Nick Graham. The song was first offered to English singer Elkie Brooks, who turned it down, and was then released by Cheap Trick, for whom it was a hit single in 1988. The song appeared on the band's ""Lap of Luxury"" album. ""The Flame"" reached number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in July 1988, becoming the band's only number one hit. It also reached number one in Australia and Canada. Considered as the band's comeback album following the commercial failure of

"Fire (Arthur Brown song)"
Fire (Arthur Brown song) ""Fire"" is a 1968 song written by Arthur Brown, Vincent Crane, Mike Finesilver and Peter Ker. Performed by The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, it was released as a single and on the band's debut album, also called ""The Crazy World of Arthur Brown"". The single reached No. 1 in the United Kingdom in August 1968 and in Canada. In October, it reached No. 2 in the United States ""Billboard"" charts and No. 19 in Australia. It also reached No. 3 in Germany, No. 4 in France, No. 6 in the Netherlands, No. 7 in Austria

"Charlie Murphy (singer-songwriter)"
Charlie Murphy (singer-songwriter) Charlie Murphy was an American singer-songwriter whose album ""Catch the Fire"" (1981), released on the Good Fairy Productions label, contained the original version of 'Burning Times', later covered by Christy Moore and Roy Bailey. The album also contained the LGBT rights anthem 'Gay Spirit'. The album is notable for addressing LGBT issues and pagan spirituality within its lyrics. The song ""Burning Times"" concerns the persecution of women accused of witchcraft in the Middle Ages and early modern periods. Its chorus mentions several pagan female deities: ""Isis, Astarte, Diana, Hecate, Demeter, Kali... Inanna"". It also mentions that nine

"A Fire I Can't Put Out"
A Fire I Can't Put Out ""A Fire I Can't Put Out"" is a song written by Darryl Staedtler, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in May 1983 as the fourth and final single from his album ""Strait from the Heart"". It was Strait's second Number One hit on the ""Billboard"" country charts. The narrator is a guy that can’t let the memory of a woman escape him. He can’t let go of the feeling that felt so good when he was with her. He knows he has to move on and find someone

"The Killing of a Sacred Deer"
and Element Pictures produced the project. In June 2016, Nicole Kidman was cast in the film, and in August 2016, Alicia Silverstone, Raffey Cassidy, Bill Camp, Barry Keoghan, and Sunny Suljic also joined. As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital. It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School. In May 2016, A24 acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. The same month, Haut et Court acquired French rights. It had its world premiere

a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play ""Iphigenia at Aulis"" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a

The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play ""Iphigenia at Aulis"" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a connection to his past. He introduces the boy to his family, who begin to fall mysteriously ill. ""The Killing of a Sacred Deer""

"Sacred Ground (film)"
Sacred Ground (film) Sacred Ground is a 1983 western adventure film directed by Charles B. Pierce and starring Tim McIntire, Jack Elam and L. Q. Jones. The film was shot in several outdoor locations in Oregon. Set in the year 1861, Matt Colter, a mountain man is traveling across the great divide with his young Indian bride, Little Doe. They cross paths with a Paiute party, a beautiful young woman Wannetta watches the mountain man and his pretty Indian bride. Ostracized by the white and Indian community, they are forced to leave and find a new home. They come across

to chairs, covers their heads, and pulls a woolen hat over his own face. He loads a rifle, spins in circles, and fires. The first two shots miss, but the third kills Bob. Some time later, the family visits the same diner where Steven met with Martin. Martin enters and stares at them; he and the family briefly lock eyes and the Murphys leave as Martin gazes after them. On May 11, 2016, it was announced that Colin Farrell had been cast in the film, with Yorgos Lanthimos directing from a screenplay he had written with Efthymis Filipou. Film4 Productions

"The Deer Hunter"
their Nazi wisdom,"" added Cimino, ""[they] didn't give me the credit because I would be producer, director and writer."" All four writers—Cimino, Washburn, Garfinkle, and Redeker—received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay for the film. ""The Deer Hunter"" began principal photography on June 20, 1977. This was the first feature film depicting the Vietnam War to be filmed on location in Thailand. All scenes were shot on location (no sound stages). ""There was discussion about shooting the film on a back lot, but the material demanded more realism,"" says Spikings. The cast and crew viewed large amounts of news

in the production, nearly halfway through principal photography, Cimino was already over budget, and producer Spikings could tell from the script that shooting the extended scene could sink the project. The bar was specially constructed in an empty storefront in Mingo Junction, Ohio for $25,000; it later became an actual saloon for local steel mill workers. U.S. Steel allowed filming inside its Cleveland mill, including placing the actors around the furnace floor, only after securing a $5 million insurance policy. Other filming took place in Pittsburgh. The first deer to be shot was depicted in a ""gruesome close-up"", although he

was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017, by A24, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017, by Curzon Artificial Eye. It has received positive reviews, and grossed over $6 million worldwide. Steven Murphy, a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, finishes an open heart surgery, and goes to a diner where he meets a teenage boy named Martin. Afterward, Steven returns home to his wife, Anna, and their children, Kim and Bob. He later

footage from the war to ensure authenticity. The film was shot over a period of six months. The Clairton scenes comprise footage shot in eight different towns in four states: West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Ohio. The initial budget of the film was $8.5 million. Meryl Streep accepted the role of the ""vague, stock girlfriend"", in order to remain for the duration of filming with John Cazale, who had been diagnosed with lung cancer. De Niro had spotted Streep in her stage production of ""The Cherry Orchard"" and had suggested that she play his girlfriend Linda. Before the beginning of

"Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson"
of the film was shot on location in Alberta, Canada, mostly on the Stoney Indian Reserve. Frank ""Sitting Wind"" Kaquitts, who played Sitting Bull, had been elected the first ever chief of Alberta's Nakoda (Stoney) First Nation, after three bands had amalgamated the year before. A preview showing in New York in May 1976 received a mixed reaction from the press. Following this, Altman recut the film slightly by removing a few of the Wild West show acts. Charles Champlin of the ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote that ""[Altman's] films are sometimes pretentious and sometimes exasperating, but they are not often

"Hannibal (film)"
on novels by Thomas Harris. Hannibal (film) Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1999 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film ""The Silence of the Lambs"" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. The film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history. When the novel was published in 1999, ""The Silence of the Lambs"" director Jonathan

Hannibal (film) Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1999 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film ""The Silence of the Lambs"" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. The film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history. When the novel was published in 1999, ""The Silence of the Lambs"" director Jonathan Demme, screenwriter Ted Tally, and

actress Jodie Foster all declined to be involved in its adaptation. Ridley Scott became attached as director after the success of ""Gladiator"" (2000), and eventually signed onto the project after reading the script pitched by Dino De Laurentiis, who produced ""Manhunter"" (1986), based on the 1981 Harris novel ""Red Dragon"". After the departure of Foster and screenwriter Tally, Julianne Moore took on Foster's role while David Mamet and Steven Zaillian wrote the screenplay. Set ten years after ""The Silence of the Lambs"", ""Hannibal"" follows Starling's attempts to apprehend Lecter before his surviving victim, Mason Verger, captures him. It is set

realized that Zaillian was ""exorcising the 600 pages of the book. He was distilling through discussion what he was gonna finally do ... Frankly I could have just made it."" It was unclear if Jodie Foster (Clarice Starling) and Anthony Hopkins (Hannibal Lecter) would reprise their respective roles for which they won Academy Awards in ""The Silence of the Lambs"" (best actress/actor). It became apparent that the producers and the studio could do without one of the original ""stars"" and would go on to find a replacement. The withdrawal of both Foster and Hopkins could possibly have been terminal for

"Thomas Harris"
said of Harris, ""All he is is a talent of the first rank."" Thomas Harris William Thomas Harris III (born September 22, 1940) is an American writer, best known for a series of suspense novels about his most famous character, Hannibal Lecter. All of his works have been made into films, the most notable being ""The Silence of the Lambs"", which became only the third film in Academy Award history to sweep the Oscars in major categories. Harris was born in Jackson, Tennessee, but moved as a child with his family to Rich, Mississippi. He was introverted and bookish in

"Alexander Siddig"
Alexander Siddig Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abderrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi ( ; born 21 November 1965) is a British-Sudanese actor. He is known by the stage names Siddig El Fadil through the mid-1990s and Alexander Siddig since. He is known for playing Dr. Julian Bashir in the television series """", Philip Burton in ""Primeval"", Carthaginian general Hannibal in ""Hannibal – Rome's Worst Nightmare"", King Minos in ""Atlantis"", and Prince Doran Martell in ""Game of Thrones"", and for his performances as Prince Nasir Al-Subaai in ""Syriana"" (2005), Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani in ""Kingdom of Heaven"" (2005),

"Hannibal Lecter"
was ""Manhunter"" (based on ""Red Dragon"") which features Brian Cox as Lecter, spelled ""Lecktor"". In 1991, Anthony Hopkins won an Academy Award for his portrayal of the character in ""The Silence of the Lambs"". He would reprise the role in ""Hannibal"" in 2001 and in a second adaptation of ""Red Dragon"" made in 2002 under the original title. The NBC television series ""Hannibal"" debuted in 2013, and focuses on the development of the relationship between Lecter and Will Graham, an FBI profiler. In the series, Lecter is portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen, who won a Saturn Award for his

"Anthony Heald"
of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Heald played Shylock in Shakespeare's ""The Merchant of Venice"". Anthony Heald Philip Anthony Mair Heald (born August 25, 1944) is an American actor known for portraying Hannibal Lecter's jail nemesis, Dr. Frederick Chilton, in ""The Silence of the Lambs"" and ""Red Dragon"", and for playing assistant principal Scott Guber in David E. Kelley's ""Boston Public"". Heald also had a recurring role as Judge Cooper on Kelley's ""The Practice"" and ""Boston Legal"". Heald was born in New Rochelle, New York, the son of an editor. He graduated from Michigan State University in 1971. Heald has worked

Thomas Harris William Thomas Harris III (born September 22, 1940) is an American writer, best known for a series of suspense novels about his most famous character, Hannibal Lecter. All of his works have been made into films, the most notable being ""The Silence of the Lambs"", which became only the third film in Academy Award history to sweep the Oscars in major categories. Harris was born in Jackson, Tennessee, but moved as a child with his family to Rich, Mississippi. He was introverted and bookish in grade school and then blossomed in high school. He attended Baylor University in

"Hannibal (TV series)"
Franklin Froideveaux and Tobias Budge were created because Fuller could not secure the rights to ""The Silence of the Lambs"" characters Benjamin Raspail and Jame Gumb. Fuller added they also tried to get the rights to Barney Matthews, an orderly at the Baltimore State Hospital, but were denied, thus a character based on Barney appeared in the second season, named Matthew Brown, but the character ended up being an antithesis to the original series' Barney. Dr. Bedelia Du Maurier is named after the character in ""Creepshow"" and author Daphne du Maurier. Regarding the series' influences, Fuller stated: ""When I sat

"Jessica Henwick"
Jessica Henwick Jessica Yu Li Henwick (玉李; born 30 August 1992) is an English actress who was the first actress of East Asian descent to play the lead role in a British television series, having starred in the children's show ""Spirit Warriors"" (2010). She is also known for her roles as Nymeria Sand in HBO series ""Game of Thrones"" (2015-17), X-wing pilot Jessika Pava in """" (2015) and the character Colleen Wing in ""Iron Fist"" (2017), ""The Defenders"" (2017) and the second season of ""Luke Cage"" (2018). Henwick was born and raised in Surrey, the daughter of a Singaporean Chinese

"Lena Headey"
out against animal abuse in an advertisement for animal welfare group PETA. Headey supports the LGBT rights organisation NOH8, and in April 2015 appeared on a T-shirt designed by them and sold through Represent.com to raise funds for the cause. Lena Headey Lena Kathren Headey ( ; born 3 October 1973) is a Bermuda-born English actress and voice actress from Yorkshire. She is best known for her portrayal of Cersei Lannister on HBO's ""Game of Thrones"" (2011–present), and for playing Sarah Connor on the television series """" (2008–09). For the former, she has received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and

"Oona Chaplin"
2017. Her character, named Varang, is described as ""a strong and vibrant central character who spans the entire saga of the sequels"". Oona Chaplin Oona Castilla Chaplin (born 4 June 1986) is a Spanish-British actress. Her roles include Talisa Maegyr in the HBO TV series ""Game of Thrones"", ""The Crimson Field"" and the series ""Taboo"". A member of the Chaplin family, she is the daughter of actress Geraldine Chaplin, the granddaughter of English filmmaker and actor Charlie Chaplin, and the great-granddaughter of American playwright Eugene O'Neill. She was named after her maternal grandmother Oona O'Neill, Charlie's wife. Oona Chaplin was

Lena Headey Lena Kathren Headey ( ; born 3 October 1973) is a Bermuda-born English actress and voice actress from Yorkshire. She is best known for her portrayal of Cersei Lannister on HBO's ""Game of Thrones"" (2011–present), and for playing Sarah Connor on the television series """" (2008–09). For the former, she has received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe nomination. In 2017, Headey became one of the highest paid actors on television, earning up to £2 million per episode of ""Game of Thrones"". Headey made her debut in the 1992 film ""Waterland"". She continued to work

"Nathalie Emmanuel"
Nathalie Emmanuel Nathalie Joanne Emmanuel (born 2 March 1989) is an English actress. Emmanuel began her acting career appearing in theatre in the late 1990s, accruing roles in various West End productions such as the musical ""The Lion King"". In 2006, she began her on-screen career by starring as Sasha Valentine in soap opera ""Hollyoaks"", after which she appeared in various British television series until her debut film appearance in ""Twenty8k"". Emmanuel gained international recognition for her role as Missandei in the HBO fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"", and achieved further fame with supporting roles in action films """" (2015),

"Emilia Clarke"
the Syfy film ""Triassic Attack"" (2010). Clarke rose to international prominence in 2011 for her breakthrough role as Daenerys Targaryen in the HBO fantasy television series ""Game of Thrones"" (2011–present). The role has garnered her critical acclaim and several accolades, including three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and six nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Clarke made her Broadway debut as Holly Golightly in a production of ""Breakfast at Tiffany's"" in 2013. Her film roles include Sarah Connor in the

Emilia Clarke Emilia Isabelle Euphemia Rose Clarke (born 23 October 1986) is an English actress. Born in London and brought up in Berkshire, Clarke studied at the Drama Centre London, where she appeared in a number of stage productions, and starred in a theatre production by the Company of Angels. After making her screen debut in a short film, her television debut came with a guest appearance in an episode of the British soap opera ""Doctors"" in 2009. The following year, she was named as one of the UK Stars of Tomorrow by ""Screen International"" magazine for her role in

"Gwendoline Christie"
Gwendoline Christie Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie (born 28 October 1978) is an English actress and model. She is best known for portraying the warrior Brienne of Tarth in the HBO fantasy-drama series ""Game of Thrones"" since 2012, and the First Order stormtrooper Captain Phasma in """" (2015) and """" (2017). Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie was born in Worthing, West Sussex, to a housewife mother and a father who worked in sales and marketing. She grew up in a hamlet near the South Downs. She trained as a gymnast as a child: after a spine injury, she took up acting. Around

"Charlotte Milchard"
based on the novel ""White Light"" by William Scheinman. It won Best Horror at the Philadelphia Independent Film Festival, but failed to achieve general release. Charlotte Milchard Charlotte Milchard (born 13 December 1977) is an English actress. Milchard was born in Barking, London, but spent the early years of her childhood living in Asia when her father's work as a scientist led the family to travelling the majority of the world. She graduated from the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in 2000. Milchard has received critical acclaim for her stage performances. She has also appeared in several films, most

"Catherine McCormack"
Catherine McCormack Catherine Jane McCormack (born 3 April 1972) is an English actress of stage and screen. Her film appearances include ""Braveheart"" (1995), ""The Land Girls"" (1998), ""Dangerous Beauty"" (1998), ""Dancing at Lughnasa"" (1998), ""Spy Game"" (2001), and ""28 Weeks Later"" (2007). Her theatre work includes National Theatre productions of ""All My Sons"" (2000) and ""Honour"" (2003). McCormack was born in Epsom, Surrey, England. She is of partial Irish ancestry as one of her grandfathers was Irish. Her mother died of lupus when McCormack was six years old and her steelworker father subsequently raised her and her brother Stephen. She

"Ice age"
current ice age began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, and the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist. In 1742, Pierre Martel (1706–1767), an engineer and geographer living in Geneva, visited the valley of Chamonix in the Alps of Savoy. Two years later he published an account of his journey. He reported that the inhabitants of that valley attributed the dispersal of erratic boulders to the glaciers, saying that they had once extended much farther. Later similar explanations were reported from other regions of the Alps. In 1815 the carpenter and chamois hunter

"Ice age"
climate and ecosystems, did not begin in the 18th century with the advent of the Industrial Era, but dates back to 8,000 years ago, due to intense farming activities of our early agrarian ancestors. It was at that time that atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations stopped following the periodic pattern of the Milankovitch cycles. In his overdue-glaciation hypothesis Ruddiman states that an incipient glacial would probably have begun several thousand years ago, but the arrival of that scheduled glacial was forestalled by the activities of early farmers. At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (December 17, 2008), scientists detailed evidence

"Ice age"
erratic boulders in the Alps, the nearby Jura Mountains, and the North German Plain as being due to huge glaciers. When he read his paper before the Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, most scientists remained sceptical. Finally, Venetz convinced his friend Jean de Charpentier. De Charpentier transformed Venetz's idea into a theory with a glaciation limited to the Alps. His thoughts resembled Wahlenberg's theory. In fact, both men shared the same volcanistic, or in de Charpentier's case rather plutonistic assumptions, about the Earth's history. In 1834, de Charpentier presented his paper before the Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. In the meantime, the German botanist

"Ice age"
period of the glaciers. In July 1837 Agassiz presented their synthesis before the annual meeting of the Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft at Neuchâtel. The audience was very critical and some opposed to the new theory because it contradicted the established opinions on climatic history. Most contemporary scientists thought that the Earth had been gradually cooling down since its birth as a molten globe. In order to overcome this rejection, Agassiz embarked on geological fieldwork. He published his book ""Study on Glaciers"" (""Études sur les glaciers"") in 1840. De Charpentier was put out by this, as he had also been preparing a

"Ice age"
in 1818, the Swedish botanist Göran Wahlenberg (1780–1851) published his theory of a glaciation of the Scandinavian peninsula. He regarded glaciation as a regional phenomenon. Only a few years later, the Danish-Norwegian geologist Jens Esmark (1762–1839) argued a sequence of worldwide ice ages. In a paper published in 1824, Esmark proposed changes in climate as the cause of those glaciations. He attempted to show that they originated from changes in Earth's orbit. During the following years, Esmark's ideas were discussed and taken over in parts by Swedish, Scottish and German scientists. At the University of Edinburgh Robert Jameson (1774–1854) seemed

"Little Ice Age"
severe winters. For example, according to Lamb, Samuel Champlain reported bearing ice along the shores of Lake Superior in June 1608. Both Europeans and indigenous peoples suffered excess mortality in Maine during the winter of 1607–1608, and extreme frost was reported in the Jamestown, Virginia, settlement at the same time. Native Americans formed leagues in response to food shortages. The journal of Pierre de Troyes, Chevalier de Troyes, who led an expedition to James Bay in 1686, recorded that the bay was still littered with so much floating ice that he could hide behind it in his canoe on 1

depth, greatly diminishing the possibility of further freezes. Freezing of the Golden Horn and the southern section of the Bosphorus took place in 1622. In 1658, a Swedish army marched across the Great Belt to Denmark to attack Copenhagen. The winter of 1794–1795 was particularly harsh: the French invasion army under Pichegru was able to march on the frozen rivers of the Netherlands, and the Dutch fleet was fixed in the ice in Den Helder harbour. Sea ice surrounding Iceland extended for miles in every direction, closing harbors to shipping. The population of Iceland fell by half, but that may

"Ice age"
1849–1850, the natives attributed fossil moraines to the former action of glaciers. Meanwhile, European scholars had begun to wonder what had caused the dispersal of erratic material. From the middle of the 18th century, some discussed ice as a means of transport. The Swedish mining expert Daniel Tilas (1712–1772) was, in 1742, the first person to suggest drifting sea ice in order to explain the presence of erratic boulders in the Scandinavian and Baltic regions. In 1795, the Scottish philosopher and gentleman naturalist, James Hutton (1726–1797), explained erratic boulders in the Alps by the action of glaciers. Two decades later,

"Ice age"
the summer months of 1836 at Devens, near Bex, in the Swiss Alps with his former university friend Louis Agassiz (1801–1873) and Jean de Charpentier. Schimper, de Charpentier and possibly Venetz convinced Agassiz that there had been a time of glaciation. During the winter of 1836/37, Agassiz and Schimper developed the theory of a sequence of glaciations. They mainly drew upon the preceding works of Venetz, de Charpentier and on their own fieldwork. Agassiz appears to have been already familiar with Bernhardi's paper at that time. At the beginning of 1837, Schimper coined the term ""ice age"" (""""Eiszeit"""") for the

"Ice Age (2002 film)"
in 1997 by producer Lori Forte. The film, originally envisioned as a traditionally animated movie with an action-oriented comedy-drama tone, was intended to be developed by Don Bluth and Gary Oldman's Fox Animation Studios. Around the same time, Blue Sky Studios, a small special FX studio in White Plains, New York, was bought out by Fox and reshaped into a full-fledged CG animation film studio. In light of this, Fox Animation head Chris Melendandri and executive producer Steve Bannerman approached Forte with the proposition of developing the film as a computer-animated movie, which Forte realized was ""basically a no-brainer,"" according

"Social justice"
reinterpreting historical figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas, in philosophical debates about differences among human beings, in efforts for gender, racial and social equality, for advocating justice for migrants, prisoners, the environment, and the physically and developmentally disabled. While the concept of social justice can be traced through the theology of Augustine of Hippo and the philosophy of Thomas Paine, the term ""social justice"" became used explicitly from the 1840s. A Jesuit priest named Luigi Taparelli is typically credited with coining the term, and it spread during the revolutions of 1848 with the work of Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. However, recent

research has proved that the use of the expression ""social justice"" is older (even before the 19th century). In the late industrial revolution, progressive American legal scholars began to use the term more, particularly Louis Brandeis and Roscoe Pound. From the early 20th century it was also embedded in international law and institutions; the preamble to establish the International Labour Organization recalled that ""universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice."" In the later 20th century, social justice was made central to the philosophy of the social contract, primarily by John Rawls in

and early 20th century, social justice became an important theme in American political and legal philosophy, particularly in the work of John Dewey, Roscoe Pound and Louis Brandeis. One of the prime concerns was the ""Lochner era"" decisions of the US Supreme Court to strike down legislation passed by state governments and the Federal government for social and economic improvement, such as the eight-hour day or the right to join a trade union. After the First World War, the founding document of the International Labour Organization took up the same terminology in its preamble, stating that ""peace can be established

Elizabeth Kahn argues that some of these responsibilities should apply globally. The United Nations’ 2006 document ""Social Justice in an Open World: The Role of the United Nations"", states that ""Social justice may be broadly understood as the fair and compassionate distribution of the fruits of economic growth..."" The term ""social justice"" was seen by the U.N. ""as a substitute for the protection of human rights [and] first appeared in United Nations texts during the second half of the 1960s. At the initiative of the Soviet Union, and with the support of developing countries, the term was used in the

or Confucius or Averroes, or even Rousseau or Kant—saw the need to consider justice or the redress of injustices from a social perspective. The concept first surfaced in Western thought and political language in the wake of the industrial revolution and the parallel development of the socialist doctrine. It emerged as an expression of protest against what was perceived as the capitalist exploitation of labour and as a focal point for the development of measures to improve the human condition. It was born as a revolutionary slogan embodying the ideals of progress and fraternity. Following the revolutions that shook Europe

"History of social work"
while labour was in short supply following the Black Death. The first complete code of poor relief was made in the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597 and some provision for the ""deserving poor"" was eventually made in the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. It created a system administered at parish level, paid for by levying local rates on rate payers. Relief for those too ill or old to work, the so-called 'impotent poor', was in the form of a payment or items of food ('the parish loaf') or clothing also known as outdoor relief. Some aged people

in ancient Western philosophy, were typically centered upon the community. After the Renaissance and Reformation, the modern concept of social justice, as developing human potential, began to emerge through the work of a series of authors. Baruch Spinoza in ""On the Improvement of the Understanding"" (1677) contended that the one true aim of life should be to acquire ""a human character much more stable than [one's] own"", and to achieve this ""pitch of perfection... The chief good is that he should arrive, together with other individuals if possible, at the possession of the aforesaid character."" During the enlightenment and responding

into an international and inter-denominational movement, it began as a movement within the Catholic Church in Latin America in the 1950s–1960s. It arose principally as a moral reaction to the poverty caused by social injustice in that region. It achieved prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. The term was coined by the Peruvian priest, Gustavo Gutiérrez, who wrote one of the movement's most famous books, ""A Theology of Liberation"" (1971). According to Sarah Kleeb, ""Marx would surely take issue,"" she writes, ""with the appropriation of his works in a religious context...there is no way to reconcile Marx's views of religion

and urged for a more scientific classification of paupers. His 1867 pamphlet, on ""Our Unemployed,"" was one of the earliest attempts to highlight the problem of systemic unemployment; he suggested a national system of labour registration. In 1871, Hill pioneered a system of labour exchanges in England, establishing 'The Employment Inquiry Office and Labour Registry,'. There, Hill advised applicants for assistance, and founded and edited ""Labour News"" to improve communication between masters and men seeking work. Octavia Hill is regarded by many as the founder of modern social work. She was a moving force behind the development of social housing,

to the French and American Revolutions, Thomas Paine similarly wrote in ""The Rights of Man"" (1792) society should give ""genius a fair and universal chance"" and so ""the construction of government ought to be such as to bring forward... all that extent of capacity which never fails to appear in revolutions."" Although there is no certainty about the first use of the term ""social justice"", early sources can be found in Europe in the 18th century. Some references to the use of the expression are in articles of journals aligned with the spirit of the Enlightenment, in which social justice

"Publishers Clearing House"
junk-mail for advertising through mass-mailings. Documents filed with the New York State Department in 1993 said that year the company mailed 220 million envelopes. Frequent buyers can receive 30-40 mailings a year. Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon

started hiring staff. When PCH moved its headquarters in 1969, its prior location was donated to the city and renamed the Harold E. Mertz community center. The company revenue had grown to US$50 million by 1981, and $100 million by 1988. In 1967 PCH started its first sweepstakes as a way to increase subscription sales, based on the sweepstakes held by ""Reader's Digest"". The first prizes ranged from 25 cents to $10 and entrants had a 1 in 10 chance of winning. After the sweepstakes increased response rates to mailings, prizes of $5,000 and eventually $250,000 were offered. PCH began

five percent of participants spend more than $300. Government officials from California said 5,000 local consumers paid more than $2,500 each in magazine purchases under the false belief that they were increasing their odds of winning the sweepstakes. Industry sources estimated PCH's response rates decreased by 7-12 percent and its sales volume by 22 to 30 percent in response to the bad publicity from the lawsuits. In 2000, PCH laid off a quarter of its 800-person work force. In 1994 PCH sent mailings telling recipients they were all ""finalists"", which led to a lawsuit involving the attorneys general of 14

on the prize. The Prize Patrol surprises sweepstakes winners at their homes, work or other locations with cash prizes and captures the event on video. Since their introduction in 1989, these reality TV-style videos of prize-winners surprised at their doorstep with checks for $1,000 to $10 million have been used in widely broadcast television commercials, and, more recently, in the company's online acquisition efforts, websites and social media communications. In 2013, a $5 million television campaign modified the traditional prize patrol commercial by digitally altering video from classic sitcoms like ""The Brady Bunch"" and ""Gilligan's Island"" to show the prize

gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values. According to the official rules, as of 2018, the odds of winning “$7000 a Week for Life” in Giveaway are 1 in 6.2 billion. The odds of winning a PCH sweepstakes vary depending on the number of entries and what prize or sweepstakes is involved. Smaller prizes have better odds that may vary from one in 223 to one in 80,000, depending

1991 and $137 million by 2000. In 1989 two members of its advertising team, Dave Sayer and Todd Sloane, started the Prize Patrol, a publicized event where winners are surprised with a check at their home. The idea was inspired by the 1950s television series ""The Millionaire"". In 1992 thousands of discarded sweepstakes entries from contestants who had not bought magazine subscriptions were found in the trash by city employees, reinforcing beliefs that the company favored those who made purchases in selecting a sweepstakes winner. PCH said this was done by a disgruntled employee at their mail processing vendor. A

Publishers Clearing House Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 by Harold Mertz to replace door-to-door magazine subscription sales by a single vendor offering multiple subscriptions by mail. It introduced its sweepstakes in 1967. In the early 1990s, the company was the subject of concerns and legal actions regarding whether consumers were misled about their odds of winning the sweepstakes and whether purchases increased their chances. By 2010, the company had reached settlements with all 50 states. The company acquired

said the digital properties were intended to attract younger consumers. By 2013, the internet had become PCH's primary channel of interaction with consumers. ""The New York Times"" described the digital transition as ""part of an overall effort to collect information on Web users, show them advertisements and use the registration information for PCH’s mailing lists."" PCH is a direct-marketing company that sells merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites. While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise. The company has been

"The National Lottery Draws"
there is no gameshows, when the draw was around 10.00pm. A new gameshow has been released every year, except 2010, 2012, and 2016. Gaby Roslin hosted the final live draw on 31 December 2016, with Alan Dedicoat joining her in vision to close the show. From 7 January 2017, with the move to the BBC iPlayer, the programme featured no presenter with Dedicoat continuing to announce the draws using pre-recorded commentary. On BBC One on Saturday nights straight after the ""BBC Weekend News"" (previously ""Match of the Day""), a segment known as Lottery update is broadcast showing the results of

advertising the sweepstakes on TV in 1974. It was the only major multi-magazine subscription business until 1977. Former client Time Inc. and several other publishers formed American Family Publishers (AFP) to compete with PCH after the company refused repeated requests by Time for a larger share of sales revenue from magazine subscriptions. AFP and PCH competed for exclusive rights to magazines and for the better promotion and prize ideas. When AFP increased their jackpot to $1 million, then to $10 million in 1985, PCH raised its prizes to match. $7 million in prizes were distributed by 1979, $40 million by

"The Elephant Man (film)"
podcasts and radio shows. The Elephant Man (film) The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick (whom the script calls John Merrick), a severely deformed man in late 19th century London. The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon, and Freddie Jones. It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks, the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy. The screenplay was adapted by Lynch, Christopher De Vore,

The Elephant Man (film) The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick (whom the script calls John Merrick), a severely deformed man in late 19th century London. The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon, and Freddie Jones. It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks, the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy. The screenplay was adapted by Lynch, Christopher De Vore, and Eric Bergren from

use of the title. ""The Elephant Man"" was met with critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 90% rating, based on 42 reviews, with an average score of 8.4/10. The site's consensus reads, ""David Lynch's relatively straight second feature finds an admirable synthesis of compassion and restraint in treating its subject, and features outstanding performances by John Hurt and Anthony Hopkins."" Vincent Canby wrote: ""Mr. Hurt is truly remarkable. It can't be easy to act under such a heavy mask ... the physical production is beautiful, especially Freddie Francis's black-and-white photography."" A small number of critics were less

me hate acting."" Because of the strain on the actor, he worked alternate days. Lynch originally wanted Jack Nance for the title character. ""But it just wasn't in the cards,"" Lynch says; the role went to John Hurt after Brooks, Lynch and Sanger saw his performance in ""The Naked Civil Servant"" as Quentin Crisp. Lynch bookended the film with surrealist sequences centered around Merrick's mother and her death. Lynch used Samuel Barber’s ""Adagio for Strings"" to underline the end of the film and Merrick's own death. The film's composer, John Morris, argued against using the music, stating that ""this piece

design the make-up himself too, but the design didn't work. The makeup, now supervised by Christopher Tucker, was directly designed from casts of Merrick’s body, which had been kept in the Royal London Hospital’s private museum. The makeup took seven to eight hours to apply each day and two hours to delicately remove. John Hurt would arrive on set at 5am and shoot his scenes from noon until 10pm. When Hurt was having his first experiences with the inconveniences of applying make-up and having to perform with it, he called his wife saying ""I think they finally managed to make

"The Elephant Man (1982 film)"
The Elephant Man (1982 film) The Elephant Man is a 1982 American biographical television film directed by Jack Hofsiss about the 19th-century English medical curiosity Joseph Merrick (known in this film as John Merrick). The script was adapted by Steve Lawson from the 1977 play of the same name by Bernard Pomerance. It was first broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on January 4, 1982. Playwright Pomerance's Broadway debut of ""The Elephant Man"" in 1977 was directed by Hofsiss, who became the youngest ever winner of a Tony Award for directing the play. In the film, Philip Anglim and

Kevin Conway reprised their roles from the play as John Merrick and Frederick Treves, respectively. The film received four Emmy Award nominations; Penny Fuller won the award for 'Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special'. At the 40th Golden Globe Awards, Philip Anglim was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. Jack Hofsiss was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award for 'Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Specials'. The Elephant Man (1982 film) The Elephant Man is a 1982 American biographical television film directed by Jack Hofsiss about the

time. Sanger and Cornfeld set up a screening of ""Eraserhead"" at a screening room at 20th Century Fox, and Brooks loved it and enthusiastically let Lynch direct the film. By his own request, Brooks was not credited as executive producer to ensure that audiences would not expect a comedy after seeing his name attached to the film. $4 million of the budget was raised from Fred Silverman of NBC. The remaining one million came from EMI Films. For his second feature and first studio film albeit independently financed, David Lynch provided the musical direction and sound design. Lynch tried to

"Fred Wood (actor)"
Fred Wood (actor) Fred Wood (born 26 October 1922, Rotherhithe, London), died January 2003, was an English actor. Wood was best known for roles in ""Star Wars"" (1977), ""Elephant Man"" (1980) and ""From Russia with Love"" (1963). Wood has appeared in a large number of American films, due to filming taking place partly or entirely in Britain. As a British-based actor and supporting artist, he worked extensively in British films since the late 1940s until 2001 and television since the 1950s. He appeared in a wide range of television shows including ""Dangerman"", ""Gideon's Way"", ""The Professionals"", ""The Baron"" and Gone

Hurt) and Best Production Design, and was nominated for four others: Direction, Screenplay, Cinematography and Editing. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: There have been many releases of the film on VHS, Betamax, CED, LaserDisc, and DVD. The version released as part of the David Lynch ""Lime Green Box"" includes several interviews with John Hurt and David Lynch and a Joseph Merrick documentary. This material is also available on the exclusive treatment on the European market as part of Optimum Releasing’s ""StudioCanal Collection"". The film has only been released on Blu-ray Disc in the UK;

"Anaheim Ducks"
the goaltending of John Gibson. On March 6, 2016, the Ducks set a franchise record with an 11-game winning streak which ended the following night. On March 24, 2016, the Ducks clinched a playoff spot in a 6–5 overtime loss to the Maple Leafs. However, in the first round of the playoffs, they fell in seven games to the Nashville Predators, which led to the firing of head coach Bruce Boudreau. On June 14, 2016, the Ducks announced they re-hired former head coach Randy Carlyle. On May 10, 2017, the Ducks ended their Game 7 losing streak when they defeated

of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006–07 season. The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times (and 11 times in the past 13 seasons) and won six Pacific Division titles (2006–07, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17), two Western Conference championships (2002–03 and 2006–07) and one Stanley Cup (2006–07). The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company. The franchise was awarded by the NHL in December 1992, along with the rights to a Miami team that would become the Florida Panthers. An entrance fee of $50 million was required, half of

Ducks had won a playoff series. In the Western Conference semi-finals, the Ducks faced their geographic rival and eventual Stanley Cup champion Los Angeles Kings for the first time ever in the playoffs. In a hotly contested series, the Ducks ultimately went down in seven games to their Southern Californian rivals, losing Game 7 by a score of 6–2 at the Honda Center. On June 27, 2014, the Ducks acquired center Ryan Kesler and a third-round pick in 2015 from the Vancouver Canucks. In the following season, they would win their third-straight Pacific Division title and finish as the top

seed in the West with 109 points. In the 2015 playoffs, they swept the Winnipeg Jets in the first round and beat the Calgary Flames in five games to set up a Western Conference final against the Chicago Blackhawks. After taking three games to two series lead on the strong play of goaltender Frederik Andersen, the Ducks lost the final two games of the series, including Game 7 on home ice. This marked the third-straight season the Ducks had lost a series in Game 7 at home after leading the series three games to two. On July 15, 2015, the

and number font were included. The third jerseys of the Ducks were created in 1995, 1997, 2003, 2010, 2015 and 2018. The 1995 jersey was jade green with purple and white stripes on the collar and on the end of the sleeves. The logo was of team mascot Wildwing wearing a Mighty Ducks jersey while breaking through a sheet of ice. The jersey was short-lived; as severe criticism encouraged management to retire the jersey at the end of the 1995–96 season. The 2003 third jersey was black with purple and gray stripes at the waist and on the sleeves. It

second Pacific Division title in franchise history. In the Western Conference quarter-finals, they ended up losing to the seventh-seeded Detroit Red Wings in seven games, despite holding a 3–2 series lead after Game 5. Entering the 2013–14 season, the 20th anniversary of the franchise, it was announced that Teemu Selanne would be playing in his final NHL season. In the off-season, star forward Bobby Ryan was traded to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for forwards Jakob Silfverberg, Stefan Noesen and Ottawa's first-round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, and the Ducks also signed defenseman Mark Fistric, center Mathieu Perreault

former Washington Capitals head coach Bruce Boudreau. The rest of the season was mostly forgettable, as the Ducks could not get out of the hole they dug themselves in the first half of the season, and ultimately failed to reach the playoffs in the 2011–12 season. The 2012–13 season was shortened to 48 games due to a labor lockout. When play resumed in January 2013 after a new collective bargaining agreement was signed, the Ducks opened the season by sweeping a two-game Canadian road trip with a decisive 7–3 victory against the Vancouver Canucks on January 19, followed by a

Angeles Kings as both teams arenas are accessible via Interstate 5 in California and the fact that both teams are within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Ducks also have a rivalry with the San Jose Sharks. Despite the arenas being six hours away from each other, the teams have developed a strong rivalry, primarily from the 2009 and 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Ducks won the series in 2009, but the Sharks came back in 2018. ""This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Ducks. For the full season-by-season history, see List of

Winnipeg Jets, and Paul Kariya's no. 9, retired on October 21, 2018, before a game against the Buffalo Sabres. The Ducks will retire the number of Scott Niedermayer on February 17, 2019. The NHL retired Wayne Gretzky's No. 99 for all its member teams at the 2000 NHL All-Star Game. Former Ducks who have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season. ""Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per

black and white stripes on the sleeves as well as black trim around the bottom and sleeves. The jersey has old fashion black lace on the neck and also has a unique ""OC"" logo on the left shoulder to represent Orange County where the Ducks are from. The Ducks announced for their 25th anniversary season of 2018–19 the adoption of a new third jersey that features the franchise's original colors of eggplant and jade. The team's colors were purple and jade until the change of ownership in 2006. At this point, they became orange, black and gold, with white in

"Gilmore Girls"
as valedictorian. Rory starts her college education at Yale, with Paris - now a friend - as her roommate. Both start working for the Yale Daily News. Rory is surprised when Dean quickly marries his new girlfriend. The pair grow closer again over the season, leading Rory to turn down Jess when he returns and declares his love. Lorelai spends the season renovating the Dragonfly Inn in preparation for its open, along with Sookie and their colleague Michel. She also begins a relationship with Richard's new business partner, Jason Stiles, which she keeps secret from her parents. Lane's mother learns

"Rory Gilmore"
Later that year, still upset, Jess returns and tells Rory that he loves her and then leaves again. After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that

"Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller"
from high school, Rory is elected valedictorian over Paris, and the girls hug before parting ways. They then become roommates at Yale University, supporting one another through a number of issues. During their first spring break, the pair share a kiss while bored in a club. This development garnered immediate interest from viewers and the media. Rory later feels that they cannot pursue a romantic relationship, however, because Paris is too ""high-maintenance"" for her. When Rory drops out of school, Paris grows upset and spends a great deal of time with Rory's mother, Lorelai, labeling Rory her best friend. They

her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm room with Paris. At Yale, Rory majors in English and pursues her interest in journalism; she wants to be a foreign correspondent and her role-model is Christiane Amanpour. She writes for the ""Yale Daily News"" and is its editor towards the end of her studies. While at Yale, Rory reconnects with Dean, who married Lindsay (a fellow school mate), straight after high school, but it is soon clear that he impulsively did it as a rebound from Rory. During the same period,

and decides to return to her, leaving Lorelai heartbroken. At the same time, Rory impulsively kisses Jess. Rory's attraction to Jess grows stronger, and she gets jealous when he teases her with a new girlfriend. Dean can't ignore what is going on, and eventually ends their relationship. Rory and Jess immediately become a couple. Meanwhile, she and Paris spend the year as Student Body Presidents at Chilton and both submit applications to Harvard University. Paris is devastated when she doesn't get in. Rory is accepted but decides to attend Yale University instead, much to Emily and Richard's delight. The Independence

"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"
acting"" and that they learned a lot about comedy from him. In mid-2010, Dylan launched a site for his art called Sprouse Arts, and in mid-2011, Cole launched a site for his photography called Cole Sprouse Photography. In 2010, the brothers were both accepted to New York University. They had initial plans to attend the university in the fall of 2010; however, they deferred for one year. Dylan initially planned on majoring in fine/studio arts and minoring in economics while Cole planned on majoring in film and television production and minoring in drama. Instead, they both enrolled in the Gallatin

as a maid. The two lived in the potting shed behind the inn where Jackson's cousin Rune lived in later seasons. Eventually, Lorelai was able to buy a nice house where Rory spent her adolescent years. Rory did not have much contact with her grandparents until she started to attend Chilton, which Lorelai preferred. Rory dreams of studying at Harvard University and gets accepted into the prestigious and fictional Chilton Academy, where she stays for her sophomore, junior, and senior years of high school. To pay tuition, Lorelai asks for the money from her estranged wealthy parents, Richard and Emily.

"Liv and Maddie"
Joey, a typical awkward teen who is one year younger than the twins, and Parker, a clever tween with a mischievous personality and the youngest child of the Rooney family. Their parents are Karen, the high school psychologist and later the high school's vice principal, and Pete, the coach of Maddie's high school basketball team who later accepts a position as the coach of a college team in Beloit, Wisconsin. The series revolves around Liv adjusting to normal family life after her successful career in Hollywood. Most events take place at the Rooney residence or at Ridgewood High School. At

eventually graduate together, and Rory declares that they will always be a part of each other's lives. In the spin-off miniseries """", which takes place nearly 10 years later, they are shown to still be close to one another. In an article for ""The Atlantic"", writer Shirley Li described Paris and Rory's friendship as ""something too rare in pop culture: a deep platonic female relationship that didn't come prepackaged, but instead developed in front of viewers' eyes."" Molly McGowan of ""Rogues Portal"" concurred, noting that the girls ""gradually develop a very supportive, if idiosyncratic, friendship"". Sabienna Bowman of ""Bustle"" felt

Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller are fictional characters from the dramatic television series ""Gilmore Girls"" and its spin-off series, """". Rory is portrayed by Alexis Bledel and Paris is played by Liza Weil. Introduced as academic rivals in high school, the two gradually grow closer as the series progresses. Paris and Rory have received recognition from multiple media outlets, including ""TV Guide"", ""Cosmopolitan"", and Fox News. Many writers have praised the development of their friendship, with others expressing interest in a romantic bond between the characters. While attending Chilton Preparatory High School, the mild-mannered Rory

"Eurovision Song Contest"
won twice for Ireland, with ""What's Another Year"" in 1980 and ""Hold Me Now"" in 1987). Several other winners were well-known artists who won the contest mid-career after they had already established themselves, including Katrina and the Waves, winners in 1997 with ""Love Shine a Light"", Lulu, winner in 1969 with ""Boom Bang-a-Bang"", and Sandie Shaw, winner in 1967 with ""Puppet on a String"". Women have dominated the contest since its inception, either performing solo or as a member of a group on 50 of the 67 winning entries . The 2017 winner was a solo male performance by Salvador

States, Canada, New Zealand, and China. Since 2000, it has been broadcast online via the Eurovision website. The contest has been described as having kitsch appeal. Ireland holds the record for most victories, with seven wins, including four times in five years in 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1996. Under the current voting system, in place since 2016, the highest-scoring winner is Salvador Sobral of Portugal who won the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine, with 758 points; under the previous system, the highest-scoring winner was Alexander Rybak of Norway with 387 points in 2009. As a war-torn Europe was rebuilding itself

implementation of the semi-finals system in 2004: Australia and Ukraine. , holds the record for the highest number of wins, having won the contest seven times. is second with six wins. , and the are joint third with five wins each. The and both hold four victories. and have both won thrice, six countries have won twice, 12 countries have won once, and 24 countries have participated but never won. The United Kingdom holds the record for the highest number of runner-up placings, coming in second on no less than 15 occasions . Germany, Russia, France, Spain and Ireland have

have to wait so long, winning with only their second entry in 2004. Also notably, although not the nation's first win, Conchita Wurst's win in 2014 broke a 48-year losing run for . The contest was won by in 2008. When won in 2017, they ended a 49-year run of entering without a win, beating 's previous record of 45 years. now holds this record, with 35 years without a win, achieving their highest score, Second, in 2018, and is the most successful country without a win, achieving two second places and two third places. In 2009, won the contest

countries. For example, San Marino holds the same voting power as Russia despite the vast geographic and population differences between them. To try to reduce the effect of voting blocs, national juries were re-introduced alongside televoting in the final in 2009: each contributing 50% of the vote. This hybrid system was expanded in 2010 to also be implemented in the semi-finals. However, since 1994 no country has won two years in a row, and semi-finals have also been won by different countries, until 2012 when Sweden won the second semi-final in 2011 and 2012. Although many of them used to

The decision elicited mixed reactions from both fans and participating broadcasters. Some fans have alleged that there is a risk of corruption and that the order can be manipulated to benefit certain countries, since the running order is considered to be of importance to the result. As of the 2018 contest, the only regularly contested positions in the running order that have never won the contest are numbers 2 and 16, with position number 21 winning for the first time in 2016. Position 17 has the most victories, with 7. Positions 25, 26 and 27 have not won either, but

total ever, with 417 points, becoming the first competitor to score 400 or more points, and would have set a new record of 20 maximum scores, beating Norway and Sweden, respectively. Since the introduction of the 50/50 voting system in 2009, the juries and the voters have disagreed on the winner on four occasions, in 2011, 2015, 2016, and 2018. 2011 winner Azerbaijan won only the televotes (jury votes were won by Italy) and 2015 winner Sweden won only the jury votes (televotes were won by Italy). In 2016, Ukraine did not win either the jury vote or the televote,

1974 for Sweden), Bucks Fizz (winner in 1981 for the United Kingdom), and Celine Dion (winner in 1988 for Switzerland), all of whom launched successful careers. Based on the Sanremo Music Festival held in Italy since 1951, Eurovision has been broadcast every year since its inauguration in 1956, making it the longest-running annual international television contest and one of the world's longest-running television programmes. It is also one of the most watched non-sporting events, with audience figures of between 100 million and 600 million internationally. It has been broadcast in several countries that do not compete, such as the United

with twelve of 43 participants singing in their country's native language (not including Estonia, whose representative opted to sing in Italian). The voting system used in the contest has changed over the years. The current system has been in place since 2016, and is a positional voting system. Each country awards two sets of 12, 10, 8–1 points to their 10 favourite songs: one from their professional jury of votes of five music professionals and the other from televoting. Historically, a country's votes were decided by an internal jury, but in 1997 five countries (Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden and the

four runner-up entries. Norway holds the record for finishing in last place in the final the most times: eleven. Israel is the only non European country to win with 4 wins. The early years of the contest saw many wins for ""traditional"" Eurovision countries: France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. However, the success of these countries has declined in recent decades; the Netherlands last won in 1975; France, in 1977; and Luxembourg, in 1983. Luxembourg last entered the contest in 1993. The first years of the 21st century produced numerous first-time winners, from both ""new"" and long-serving countries who had previously

"Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"
that a member of the society encounters, all the other members stand by them to extend every possible help. In an episode, the resolution of the problem that a character faces is usually followed by a moral message at the end by Taarak Mehta, which is meant for all the characters of the show as well as the viewers. The major part of the shooting is done in Mumbai. However, some parts of the show have also been shot in places such as Gujarat, New Delhi, Goa and in foreign locations such as London, Brussels, Paris and Hong Kong. To

"Taarak Mehta"
the stories in ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"". In 2008 SAB TV, a popular entertainment channel in India, started a sitcom ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"" that is based on his column, and soon it became the flagship show of the channel. Actor Shailesh Lodha portrays him in the show. Taarak Janubhai Mehta died at the age of 87 years on 1 March 2017 after prolonged illness. His family had donated his body for medical research. Taarak Mehta belonged to Nagar community. He lived in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where he moved in 2000, with his second wife, Indu, of over 30

"Shailesh Lodha"
the point of view of a jilted lover. Shailesh Lodha Shailesh Lodha is an Indian actor, comedian and writer. He is known for playing the role of Taarak Mehta (a real life Gujarati columnist) in India's longest running sitcom serial ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"", since July 2008. Born to a government employee, Shyam Singh Lodha, in a middle class family, Lodha is married to a management author, Swati Lodha, and has a daughter - Swaara Lodha. Since his father was transferred to different places, Lodha travelled a lot. His mother loved reading and had a good vocabulary in Hindi.

chart with 6961 tvt ratings. Polish Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Piotr Glinski visited the sets of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah in February 2016. Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (English: Taarak Mehta's Inverted Spectacles) is one of the India's longest running sitcoms. It is produced by Neela Tele Films Private Limited. The show went on air on July 28, 2008. It airs from Monday to Friday on SAB TV. Reruns of the show started on Sony Pal from November 2, 2015. The show is based on the column ""Duniya

Shailesh Lodha Shailesh Lodha is an Indian actor, comedian and writer. He is known for playing the role of Taarak Mehta (a real life Gujarati columnist) in India's longest running sitcom serial ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"", since July 2008. Born to a government employee, Shyam Singh Lodha, in a middle class family, Lodha is married to a management author, Swati Lodha, and has a daughter - Swaara Lodha. Since his father was transferred to different places, Lodha travelled a lot. His mother loved reading and had a good vocabulary in Hindi. At the age of nine, Lodha was nicknamed

"Neha Mehta"
young, sophisticated and modern woman. Anjali is a dietician and controls her husband Taarak Mehta’s diet as well. She also hosted a SAB TV show ""Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!"" as herself with Shailesh Lodha during 2012–2013. Neha Mehta Neha Mehta (born 9 June 1978) is an Indian television actress. She is best known for her role of Anjali Mehta in India's longest running sitcom TV serial ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"". Mehta was born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Mehta ancestrally belongs to Patan, Gujarat but was brought up in Vadodara and Ahmedabad. She comes from a family that has deep

Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (English: Taarak Mehta's Inverted Spectacles) is one of the India's longest running sitcoms. It is produced by Neela Tele Films Private Limited. The show went on air on July 28, 2008. It airs from Monday to Friday on SAB TV. Reruns of the show started on Sony Pal from November 2, 2015. The show is based on the column ""Duniya Ne Undha Chashma"" written by real-life columnist and journalist/playwright Taarak Mehta for Gujarati weekly magazine ""Chitralekha"". Gokuldham Society is a residential society in Powder Galli, Goregaon, Mumbai with four wings:

A Wing, B Wing, C Wing and D Wing. Although the society has 17 flats, the show revolves around the lives of eight families: There are also other recurring characters including Sundarlal (brother of Jethalal's wife Daya, from Ahmedabad, Gujarat) and his friends. Abdul, the shopkeeper of the provision store located outside the society entrance, reporter Rita Shrivastav from 'Kal Tak' a news channel, Inspector Chalu Pandey, Asit Kumarr Modi as himself, Jethalal's shop assistants - Natwarlal Prabhashankar Udhaiwala (Natu Kaka), his nephew Baagheshwar Dadu Udhaiwala (Baagha), who are often bent on doing the wrong job and Baagha's fiancee Bawri

first week of 2017, the show stood in fourth position with 6,004 TVT ratings. In the fourth week, the show entered the top five and stood in fifth position with 6,059 TVT ratings. In March 2017, the show remained within the top five shows urban rural metrics. In the 25th week of 2017, the show stood at the top spot with 6,092 TVT ratings. In the 26th week of 2017, the show stood at third spot with 6,049 TVT ratings. It is the longest running scripted show on Indian television.In the 1st week of 2018 the show topped the trp

"Farhan Akhtar"
Farhan Akhtar Farhan Akhtar (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, playback singer and television host. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters Javed Akhtar and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. He began his career in Bollywood by working as an assistant director in ""Lamhe"" (1991) and ""Himalay Putra"" (1997). Akhtar, after establishing a production company named Excel Entertainment along with Ritesh Sidhwani, made his directorial debut with ""Dil Chahta Hai"" (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth. The film also won a National award. Following it,

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway"
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released on November 7, 2017. When Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales after seeing an ad for it, the

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid"
Diary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" series. The book is about a boy named Greg Heffley and his struggles to fit in as he begins middle school. ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" first appeared on FunBrain in 2004, where it was read 20 million times. The abridged hardcover adaptation was released on April 1, 2007. The book was named a ""New York Times"" bestseller, among other awards

and praise. A film of the same name was released on March 19, 2010. The sequel to the film is """", followed by """" and """". As Greg Heffley is getting ready for his first day of middle school, he is teased by his teenage brother Rodrick, because his mom bought him his supplies for school. He has a little brother, a toddler named Manny, who is ""spoiled rotten"" because he gets everything he wants and also gets away with everything he does wrong. His father, named Frank Heffley, does not encourage Greg's way of life - playing video games

Years"". Kochman brought it before the Abrams publishing board, which convinced Kinney and Kochman that it would be better aimed toward children. In 2007, ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"", an abridged version of the original online book, was published. The main character, Greg, has trouble with family, friends, and his local middle school. He is very concerned about how popular he is at school, and he daydreams a lot about being rich and famous when he grows up. He tries to fit in at his school, but usually he does not succeed. Facing many challenges, Greg attempts to handle them

is the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017. A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released

13, 2009 was on the ""New York Times"" Best Sellers list for 65 weeks, peaking at number one. """", was released October 12, 2009 with 217 pages. The book was ranked at number one on the ""New York Times"" Best Sellers List for all 25 weeks of inclusion, making it the #1 best selling book of 2009. """" was released November 9, 2010 with 217 pages. The sixth, """", was released November 15, 2011. The seventh, """", was released on November 13, 2012. The eighth, """", was released on November 5, 2013, in the United States and on November 6

"Sammy Keyes"
Sammy Keyes Sammy Keyes is a series of mystery novels written by Wendelin Van Draanen for children aged 10–16. The series focuses on Sammy's adventures as an amateur sleuth. The books, which are narrated in the first-person perspective by Sammy, involve detective fiction as well as comedy. Sammy begins her adventures in the first book as a seventh-grader, and the series will end when she completes the eighth grade. Eighteen books are planned for the series. grades 6 10 ""Sammy Keyes and the Hotel Thief"" won the 1998 Edgar Award for Best Children's Mystery. The series has been nominated for

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)"
Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first, , , and installments have been adapted into films by 20th

"Freckles and His Friends"
Freckles and His Friends Freckles and his Friends was an American comic strip set in the peaceful small town of Shadyside where young Freckles McGoosey and his friends lived. Although the long-running strip, created by Merrill Blosser, is remembered for its continuing storyline involving a group of teenagers, it originally featured a child at the age of six or seven in gag-a-day situations. Illustrated by Blosser and later by Henry Formhals (1908-1981), ""Freckles and His Friends"" was ghostwritten by Fred Fox (1903-1981). A gagwriter for Groucho Marx and Judy Canova, Fox scripted for radio, television and films. Widely syndicated by

a chance to be cruel to Greg. He is known for sleeping excessively in the morning and for his rebellious attitude. Rodrick is part of a basement band (garage band in the movies) called ""Löded Diper"". Rodrick will do anything to embarrass Greg and will even cause problems for Manny to make everyone's life miserable. ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" is the first book in an ongoing franchise. The second, """", was released February 1, 2008, and was listed on the ""New York Times"" Best Sellers list for 117 weeks. """", the third book in the series, released on January

BBC
corporation, independent from direct government intervention, with its activities being overseen from April 2017 by the BBC Board and regulated by Ofcom. The Chairman is Sir David Clementi. The BBC operates under a Royal Charter. The current Charter came into effect on 1 January 2017 and runs until 31 December 2026. The 2017 charter abolished the BBC Trust and replaced it with external regulation by Ofcom, with governance by the BBC Board. Under the Royal Charter, the BBC must obtain a licence from the Home Secretary. This licence is accompanied by an agreement which sets the terms and conditions under

"Met Office"
Office located many of its observation and data collection points on RAF airfields, and this accounts for the large number of military airfields mentioned in weather reports even today. In 1936 the Met Office split with services to the Royal Navy being provided by its own forecasting services. It became an executive agency of the Ministry of Defence in April 1990, a quasi-governmental role, being required to act commercially. Following a machinery of government change, the Met Office became part of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on 18 July 2011, and subsequently part of the Department for Business,

"BBC Trust"
roles in the public interest, particularly the interest of licence fee payers. — BBC Royal Charter (2006) The BBC Trust closed on 2 April 2017 at the expiry of the 2007 Royal Charter, which had a 10-year lifespan. Labour had lost power in 2010, and other political parties had established a parliamentary majority by the time it came to the moment for a new Royal Charter to be written. Governance of the BBC was transferred to the new BBC Board in April 2017, with Ofcom assuming regulatory duties. The royal charter established that the trust should have twelve trustees, including

"National Security Council (United Kingdom)"
Turner's tweets, dated 13 April 2017, his first week as Deputy National Security Adviser was the week commencing Monday 10 April 2017. It was reported on 14 January 2018 that Paddy McGuinness was leaving the national security secretariat. His successor as deputy national security adviser for intelligence, security and resilience, Richard Moore, announced his appointment on 8 January via his personal Twitter account. Moore’s tenure as deputy NSA was relatively brief (circa three months), ending in early April when he returned to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as Political Director, a move he also announced via Twitter on 8 April.

the Charter expired after the end of 2016. Mr Hunt has instead expressed his support for changing the name of the Trust and installing a new non-executive chairman on the BBC's Executive Board. The subsequent Culture Secretary, Maria Miller had not made clear a position on whether the BBC Trust would exist under the next Charter, although it was widely expected that there would be some form of management and governance re-structure. On 1 March 2016, an independent review by Sir David Clementi was published, which recommended that the BBC Trust be disbanded. Citing previous controversies involving the BBC, such

Met Office The Met Office (officially the Meteorological Office) is the United Kingdom's national weather service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy led by CEO, Penelope Endersby who took on the role as Chief Executive in December 2018, the first woman to do so. The Met Office makes meteorological predictions across all timescales from weather forecasts to climate change. The Met Office was established in 1854 as a small department within the Board of Trade under Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy as a service to mariners. The loss of the passenger

"Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport"
Jeremy Hunt's full title was Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport, the Department's name remained unchanged. On 4 September 2012, Hunt was appointed Health Secretary in a cabinet reshuffle and replaced by Maria Miller. Maria Miller later resigned due to controversy over her expenses. Her replacement was announced later that day as Sajid Javid. After the 2015 general election, John Whittingdale was appointed as Secretary of State, tasked with initiating the BBC Charter review process. DCMS received full responsibility for the digital economy policy, formerly jointly held with BIS, and sponsorship of the Information Commissioner's Office from

proposal would give the BBC ""no hiding place"", and explained that ""no good governance system will ever guarantee good outcomes, but if you have a single board with a good governance system, you know who's responsible. One of the difficulties in those cases was it wasn't quite clear if the trust were dealing with it or whether the executive board were dealing with it. It fell to both of them and neither of them."" The proposal to scrap the trust was officially presented to Parliament as part of a charter review white paper on 12 May 2016. Governance of the

Ofcom
as we know it will cease to exist… Its remit will be restricted to its narrow technical and enforcement roles. It will no longer play a role in making policy. And the policy-making functions it has today will be transferred back fully to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Under Cameron's subsequent premiership of the 2010 UK coalition government, the Public Bodies Act 2011 did remove or modify several of Ofcom's duties, although it did not substantially reduce Ofcom's remit. On 1 October 2011, Ofcom took over responsibility for regulating the postal services industry from the Postal Services Commission

aircraft measurement for use by UK atmospheric research organisations on worldwide campaigns. The main equipment is a modified BAe 146 type 301 aircraft, registration G-LUXE, owned and operated by BAE Systems on behalf of Directflight Limited. Areas of application include: Met Office The Met Office (officially the Meteorological Office) is the United Kingdom's national weather service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy led by CEO, Penelope Endersby who took on the role as Chief Executive in December 2018, the first woman to do so. The Met Office makes meteorological

"Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)"
dress cloth for Mama and candy for his younger sisters. Billy picks up the pups at the depot and carries them home in a gunny sack. He has to stop overnight and encounters a cougar which snarls at him until he makes a fire to scare it off. The next day Billy passes a tree with the names Dan and Ann carved inside a heart on the trunk. He names the female puppy Little Ann and the male Old Dan. Once Billy gets the puppies home he sets out to train them to be the best dogs in the Ozarks,

"Where the Red Fern Grows"
continues on. He comes to a sycamore tree with the names Dan and Ann carved inside a heart in the bark and decides to name the puppies Old Dan and Little Ann. To train Old Dan and Little Ann, Billy traps a raccoon with the help of his grandfather and uses its pelt to teach them to hunt. During their training, their personalities become apparent: Old Dan is brave and strong, while Little Ann is very intelligent. Both are very loyal to each other and to Billy. On the first night of hunting season, Billy takes Old Dan and Little

as children. There is a statue of Billy and his dogs at the Idaho Falls Public Library. Where the Red Fern Grows Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1961 children's novel by Wilson Rawls about a boy who buys and trains two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs. When leaving work in Idaho's Snake River Valley, Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound. He takes the stray home to feed it. Once it has rested, Billy sets it free, knowing that it will return home. The experience reminds Billy of his childhood in the Ozark Mountains of

Where the Red Fern Grows Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1961 children's novel by Wilson Rawls about a boy who buys and trains two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs. When leaving work in Idaho's Snake River Valley, Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound. He takes the stray home to feed it. Once it has rested, Billy sets it free, knowing that it will return home. The experience reminds Billy of his childhood in the Ozark Mountains of Oklahoma. He wants a dog, and his parents offer to get him a collie from a neighbor.

But Billy doesn't want just any dog; he wants two coonhounds, but his parents cannot afford them. Billy finds a magazine ad for a Kentucky kennel which breeds Redbone Coonhounds and sells them for $25 each. He goes to work performing odd jobs and saves the $50 he needs with the help of his grandfather. Since it takes two years to do so, his grandfather writes to see if the kennel will honor the ad. They do and the price has dropped, so the two puppies only cost $40. Billy's dogs are delivered to the freight depot in Tahlequah. His

"Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)"
of this event, he has a flashback to when he was a ten-year-old boy living in the Ozark mountains. Growing up in the Ozarks with his parents and two younger sisters, Billy wants to own a pair of hunting dogs but his parents tell him that they can't afford them. He tries going to his grandfather when he learns that he's selling a Bluetick coonhound outside his store, but his rivals, the Pritchards, beat him to it. After they leave, Billy tells his grandfather that he believes that God doesn't want him to have any dogs. His grandfather replies that

he trips, falls on it and dies. Billy's grandfather enters him into a championship coon hunt, putting him against experienced hunters and the finest dogs in the country. Before it starts, he enters Little Ann into a conformation contest, where she wins the silver cup. On the fourth night of the hunt, Old Dan and Little Ann tree three raccoons, making it to the final round. The sixth night, they tree one before a blizzard hits. Billy, his father, grandfather, and the judge lose sight of the dogs. When they finally find them, Billy's grandfather sprains his ankle. They build

Pritchard boys talk their father into buying it just to spite Billy. Billy's grandpa tells him that if he wants dogs he has to earn them. He begins working multiple jobs and finally earns the fifty dollars two puppies will cost. By that time, the price has dropped by ten dollars each. Billy orders the dogs, but they arrive in Tahlequah, 30 miles away, because the mail stage won't carry live animals. Billy sneaks out of the house in the night and travels to Tahlequah. He uses his leftover ten dollars to buy presents for his family; overalls for Papa,

Loves Ann"" in it, and decides to name his dogs Old Dan and Little Ann. While the book and 1974 film version depict Billy Coleman to have long blond hair, the Billy Coleman in the 2003 film has short, dark brown hair. The novel depicted the coon hunting competition to last about six nights, whereas the two film versions place it at four nights. In the novel and 1974 film version, Billy Coleman, his dogs, and the two Pritchard boys Rainie and Rubin hunt for the legendary ghost coon at night, but in the 2003 film, they hunt for the

is badly wounded, and he dies late that night. Billy is heartbroken, and Little Ann loses the will to live, stops eating, and dies of grief a few days later on Old Dan's grave. Billy's father tries to tell him that it is all for the best, because with the money they received from winning the championship hunt, they can move to town. He goes to visit Old Dan and Little Ann's graves and finds a giant red fern between them. According to Native American legend, only an angel can plant one. He feels ready to move on. The novel

"History of Puerto Rico"
establishment of the Ortoiroid culture from the Orinoco region in South America. Some scholars suggest that their settlement dates back 4000 years. An archeological dig at the island of Vieques in 1990 found the remains of what is believed to be an Ortoiroid man (named Puerto Ferro man) which was dated to around 2000 BC. The Ortoiroid were displaced by the Saladoid, a culture from the same region that arrived on the island between 430 and 250 BC. Between the seventh and 11th centuries, the Arawak are thought to have settled the island. During this time the Taíno culture developed,

"Puerto Rico"
culture, and natural beauty has made it a top tourism destination. Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493. It was contested by French, Dutch, and British, but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries. The island's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population, the forced migration of African slaves, and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia. In the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and

and by approximately 1000 AD, it had become dominant. Taíno culture has been traced to the village of Saladero at the basin of the Orinoco River in Venezuela; the Taíno migrated to Puerto Rico by crossing the Lesser Antilles. At the time of Columbus' arrival, an estimated 30 to 60 thousand Taíno Amerindians, led by the ""cacique"" (chief) Agüeybaná, inhabited the island. They called it ""Borinquen"", ""the great land of the valiant and noble Lord"". The natives lived in small villages led by a cacique and subsisted on hunting, fishing and gathering of indigenous cassava root and fruit. When the

were white and 282,775 (48.5%) were persons of color, the latter including people of primarily African heritage, mulattos and mestizos. The majority of the population in Puerto Rico was illiterate (83.7%) and lived in poverty, and the agricultural industry—at the time, the main source of income—was hampered by lack of road infrastructure, adequate tools and equipment, and natural disasters, including hurricanes and droughts. The economy also suffered from increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish Crown. Furthermore, Spain had begun to exile or jail any person who called for liberal reforms. On September 23, 1868, hundreds of men and

they swear their loyalty to the Spanish Crown and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States remains The settlement of Puerto Rico began with the

conditions were poor at the time, with high rates of infant mortality and numerous endemic diseases. The beginning of the military government also marked the creation of new political groups. The ""Partido Republicano"" (Republican Party) and the American Federal Party were created, led by José Celso Barbosa and Luis Muñoz Rivera, respectively. Both groups supported annexation by the United States as a solution to the colonial situation. The island's Creole sugar planters, who had suffered from declining prices, hoped that U.S. rule would help them gain access to the North American market. Disaster struck in August 1899, when two hurricanes

10th centuries. Between the 7th and 11th centuries, the Taíno culture developed on the island. By approximately 1000 AD, it had become dominant. At the time of Columbus' arrival, an estimated 30,000 to 60,000 Taíno Amerindians, led by the ""cacique"" (chief) Agüeybaná, inhabited the island. They called it ""Boriken"", meaning ""the great land of the valiant and noble Lord"". The natives lived in small villages, each led by a cacique. They subsisted by hunting and fishing, done generally by men, as well as by the women's gathering and processing of indigenous cassava root and fruit. This lasted until Columbus arrived

American program included building up a modern economic infrastructure that included roads, ports, electric power systems, and telephones and telegraphs, as well as hospitals and programs to develop agriculture. Sugar mill owners between the period of 1898 and 1945 turned their sugar mills into monocultural plantations in response to the economy of the 20th century. The sugar mills and tobacco, cigar, and cigarette factories gained the United States' attention due to their fast productions and large amount of produce. Women and children were the primary workers within these industries. Puerto Rican trades went to the United States 95% of the

South American mainland. Some scholars suggest their settlement dates back about 4,000 years. An archeological dig in 1990 on the island of Vieques found the remains of a man, designated as the ""Puerto Ferro Man"", which was dated to around 2000 BC. The Ortoiroid were displaced by the Saladoid, a culture from the same region that arrived on the island between 430 and 250 BC. The Igneri tribe migrated to Puerto Rico between 120 and 400 AD from the region of the Orinoco river in northern South America. The Arcaico and Igneri co-existed on the island between the 4th and

at Guánica, located in the southern coast of the island, on July 25, 1898, with the first contingent of American troops. Opposition was met in the southern and central regions of the island but by the end of August the island was under United States control. On August 12, peace protocols were signed in Washington and Spanish Commissions met in San Juan on September 9 to discuss the details of the withdrawal of Spanish troops and the cession of the island to the United States. On October 1, an initial meeting was held in Paris to draft the Peace Treaty

"St. Petersburg, Florida"
St. Petersburg, Florida St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County). St. Petersburg is the second-largest city in the Tampa Bay Area, after Tampa. Together with Clearwater, these cities comprise the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, the second-largest in Florida with a population of around 2.8 million. St. Petersburg is located on the Pinellas peninsula between Tampa

58,577 (23.9%) African American, 7,779 (3.2%) Asian (0.8% Vietnamese, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Indian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Japanese, and 1.0% Other Asian), 723 (0.3%) Native American, 135 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 3,474 (1.4%) from other races, and 6,045 (2.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race numbered 16,214 (6.6%), with 5,272 (2.2%) Puerto Rican, 2,855 (1.2%) Mexican, 2,835 (1.2%) Cuban, and other Hispanic or Latino people making up 5,252 (2.1%) of the population. With the city having 129,401 households, 108,815 (84.1%) were occupied while 20,586 (15.9%) were not occupied. With 108,815 of the population in

Petersburg's major electricity system is provided by Duke Energy, the city's major gas system is provided by TECO Energy in the industrial and commercial parts of the city, and the city's water services are provided by the city of St. Petersburg. The city of St. Petersburg, Florida is currently a member in the Sister Cities International group that was created in 1956. St. Petersburg, Florida St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state

6, 1903. The city is often referred to by locals as St. Pete. Neighboring St. Pete Beach formally shortened its name in 1994 after a vote by its residents. St. Petersburg is governed by a mayor and city council. With an average of some 361 days of sunshine each year, and a Guinness World Record for logging the most consecutive days of sunshine (768 days), it is nicknamed ""The Sunshine City"". Due to its good weather and low cost of living, the city has long been a popular retirement destination, although in recent years the population has moved in a

20. During the summer of 2015, the highest temperature recorded in the city was 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius), occurring on both June 16 and July 20. St. Petersburg has not recorded any freezing temperatures in the five-year period dating back to November 2010, which is the oldest data available from the local National Weather Service office page. According to a 2010 census, the city contained 244,769 people, making St. Petersburg the largest city in Pinellas County, and 129,401 households. The population density was 3,964.4 per square mile (1530.7/km²). The racial makeup of St. Petersburg was 168,036 (68.7%) White,

then established in 1998 after the stadium's renovation and the new team played their first game on March 31, 1998, giving the Tampa Bay area their first professional baseball team. The city population continued to multiply during the 20th century, booming in the 1940s and 1950s and through the 1970s as the town became a popular retirement destination for Americans from midwestern cities, reaching 238,647 in the 1980 census. By that time, however, the population had leveled off, and has grown by only 10,000 since then. In the decade from 2000 to 2010, the population of the city dropped by

"Saint Petersburg"
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg () is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015). An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has a status of a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on . On 1 September 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd (), on 26 January 1924 to Leningrad (), and on 1

approximately 4000 residents, while in the same period the population of Florida increased by over two and a half million residents. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land, and of it (55.13%) is water. St. Petersburg is bordered by three bodies of water, the Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay, all of which form the Tampa Bay. Downtown St. Petersburg is the Central Business District, containing high rises for office use, most notably the tallest building in the city, One Progress Plaza. The ""Tampa

total population of Russia; up from 4,879,566 (3.4%) recorded in the 2010 Census, and up from 5,023,506 recorded in the 1989 Census. The 2010 Census recorded the ethnic composition as follows: Russian 80.1%, Ukrainian 1.3%, Belarusians 0.8%, Tatar 0.6%, Armenian 0.6%, Jewish 0.5%, Uzbek 0.4%, Tajik 0.3%, Azeri 0.3%, Georgian 0.2%, Moldovan 0.2%, Finns 0.1%, other – 1.3%. The ethnicity of the remaining 13.4% of the inhabitants was not specified. During the 20th century, the city experienced dramatic population changes. From 2.4 million residents in 1916 its population dropped to less than 740,000 by 1920 during the Russian Revolution of

households, 3,888 (1.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group-quarters and 2,719 (1.1%) were institutionalized. There were 108,815 households, out of which 23,304 (21.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 37,847 (34.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 16,425 (15.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,849 (4.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 9,453 (3.9%) unmarried partnerships. 39,397 households (36.2%) were made up of individuals and 28,267 (26.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19. Out of 108,815 occupied households, families

"History of media studies"
question of media ""effects"" on politics was left largely unaddressed until the late 1960s. Eventually Mass Communication scholars began to study political behavior again and the limited-effects model was called into question. As a response to the previous emphasis upon media effects, from the 1970s researchers became interested in how audiences make sense of media texts. The ""uses and gratifications"" model, associated with Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, reflected this growing interest in the 'active audience'. One such example of this type of research was conducted by Hodge and Tripp, and separately Palmer, about how school-children make sense of the

"Media ecology"
Media ecology Media ecology theory is the study of media, technology, and communication and how they affect human environments. The theoretical concepts were proposed by Marshall McLuhan in 1964, while the term ""media ecology"" was first formally introduced by Neil Postman in 1968. Ecology in this context refers to the environment in which the medium is used – what they are and how they affect society. Neil Postman states, ""if in biology a 'medium' is something in which a bacterial culture grows (as in a Petri dish), in media ecology, the medium is 'a technology within which a [human] culture

by media professionals and amateurs empower people and become the rising voice for the future of democracy in Spain. Media ecology Media ecology theory is the study of media, technology, and communication and how they affect human environments. The theoretical concepts were proposed by Marshall McLuhan in 1964, while the term ""media ecology"" was first formally introduced by Neil Postman in 1968. Ecology in this context refers to the environment in which the medium is used – what they are and how they affect society. Neil Postman states, ""if in biology a 'medium' is something in which a bacterial culture

History of media studies This article outlines the history of media studies. Though not yet named as such, media studies' roots are in the Chicago School and thinkers such as John Dewey, Charles Cooley and George Mead. These authors saw American society on the cusp of positive social change toward pure democracy. Mead argued that for an ideal society to exist, a form of communication must be developed to allow the unique individual to appreciate the attitudes, viewpoints and positions of others unlike himself, and allow him to be understood by others as well. Mead believed that this ""new media""

validated the other. History of media studies This article outlines the history of media studies. Though not yet named as such, media studies' roots are in the Chicago School and thinkers such as John Dewey, Charles Cooley and George Mead. These authors saw American society on the cusp of positive social change toward pure democracy. Mead argued that for an ideal society to exist, a form of communication must be developed to allow the unique individual to appreciate the attitudes, viewpoints and positions of others unlike himself, and allow him to be understood by others as well. Mead believed that

"Anthropology of media"
Anthropology of media Anthropology of media (also anthropology of mass media, media anthropology) is an area of study within social or cultural anthropology that emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The use of qualitative methods, particularly ethnography, distinguishes media anthropology from other disciplinary approaches to mass media. Within media studies, media ethnographies have been of increasing interest since the 1980s. However, as Stephen Putnam Hughes remarks in a recent review, these studies often do not engage in rigorous ethnographic fieldwork, ignoring or misapplying such landmark anthropological techniques

"Media studies"
criticism more broadly. The key date, according to Andrew Crisell, is 1959: When Joseph Trenaman left the BBC's Further Education Unit to become the first holder of the Granada Research Fellowship in Television at Leeds University. Soon after in 1966, the Centre for Mass Communication Research was founded at Leicester University, and degree programmes in media studies began to sprout at polytechnics and other universities during the 1970s and 1980s. James Halloran at Leicester University is credited with much influence in the development of media studies and communication studies, as the head of the university's Centre for Mass Communication Research,

"History of communication studies"
broader and more culturally-driven fashion. This perspective is the basis of a separate professional association, the Media Ecology Association. In 1972, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw published a groundbreaking article that offered an agenda-setting theory that paved a new conception of short-term effects of the media. This approach, organized around additional ideas such as framing, priming, and gatekeeping, has been highly influential, especially in the study of political communication and news coverage. The 1970s also saw the development of what became known as uses and gratifications theory, developed by scholars such as Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch.

The social impact of mass communication has been studied at The New School University in New York since its founding in 1919. The first college course to investigate the motion picture was offered here in 1926. Marshall McLuhan's colleague, John Culkin, brought his Center for Understanding Media to The New School in 1975 and The New School began offering the Master of Arts degree in Media Studies, one of the first graduate programs of its kind. Today, among other programs, MA in Media Studies is still being offered by School of Media Studies, The New School, which will celebrate 40th

identified. The first major branch of media theory has its roots in the humanities and cultural studies, such as film studies (""Filmwissenschaft""), theater studies (""Theaterwissenschaft"") and German language and literature studies (""Germanistik"") as well as Comparative Literature Studies (""Komparatistik""). This branch has broadened out substantially since the 1990s. And it is on this initial basis that a culturally-based media studies (often emphasised more recently through the disciplinary title ""Medienkulturwissenschaft"") in Germany has primarily developed and established itself. This plurality of perspectives make it difficult to single out one particular site where this branch of Medienwissenschaft originated. While the Frankfurt-based theatre

"Nicole Gale Anderson"
Nicole Gale Anderson Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series ""Beauty & the Beast"". She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Jonas"", and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series ""Make It or Break It"" and ""Ravenswood"". Anderson was born in Rochester, Indiana. Her father is an American who served as a Commander in the United States Navy, and her mother is of Filipino ethnicity. As a child,

"Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)"
Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series) Beauty & the Beast is an American television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name, developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin that premiered October 11, 2012, on The CW. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max Brown, Brian J. White, Amber Skye Noyes, and Michael Roark. Catherine Chandler witnessed her mother's murder and was almost killed herself until someone—or something—saved her. After nine years, now working as a

"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
Watson and Stevens, and wrote: ""It looks good, moves gracefully and leaves a clean and invigorating aftertaste. I almost didn't recognize the flavor: I think the name for it is joy."" Likewise, ""The Washington Post""s Ann Hornaday complimented Watson's performance, describing it as ""alert and solemn"" while noting her singing ability as ""serviceable enough to get the job done"". Richard Roeper of ""Chicago Sun-Times"" awarded the film three and a half stars, lauded the performances of Watson and Thompson which he drew a comparison to Paige O'Hara's and Angela Lansbury's performances in the 1991 animated version while appreciating the performances

Grande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released

"Kristin Kreuk"
Kristin Kreuk Kristin Laura Kreuk (; born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. Debuting on Canadian teen drama ""Edgemont"", she became most known for her roles as Lana Lang in the superhero television series ""Smallville"" (2001–2008), and as Catherine Chandler in The CW sci-fi series ""Beauty & the Beast"" (2012–2016). She has also starred in movies such as """" (2001), """" (2009), and ""Irvine Welsh's Ecstasy"" (2011). Kreuk was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Peter Kreuk and Deanna Che, two landscape architects. Her father is of Dutch descent, her mother is of Chinese descent, born in Indonesia, and

Stuart Gillard, Steven A. Adelson, Morris Claiborne, Mairzee Almas, Bradley Walsh, Fred Gerber, Kevin Fair, Mike Rohl, Gary Fleder, Paul Fox, P.J. Pesce, Paul A. Kaufman, Scott Peters, Jeff Renfroe, Michael Robison, Lee Rose, Rick Rosenthal, Bobby Roth, Norma Bailey, Grant Harvey, Allan Kroeker, Rich Newey, and Sudz Sutherland. Casting announcements began in February 2012, when Kristin Kreuk was first cast in the lead role of Catherine Chandler. Austin Basis was then cast in the role of J.T. Forbes, Vincent's best friend. Nina Lisandrello and Nicole Gale Anderson were then added to the cast, with Lisandrello landing the role of

Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian

we just couldn't get it to click and it was Alan Horn who championed the idea of owning the Disney of it all. We realized there was a competitive advantage in the songs. What is wrong with making adults feel like kids again?"" In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead. She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight ""Harry Potter"" films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens

in some regions and on iTunes. In Greece Alpha TV premiered in March 27, 2018 the series. A series of tie-in novels, written by Nancy Holder, have been published through Titan Books. Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series) Beauty & the Beast is an American television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name, developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin that premiered October 11, 2012, on The CW. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max

season of ""Beauty & the Beast"" as a regular cast member. Gale served as the first international spokesperson for Underwriters Laboratories Youth Safety Smart program and has participated in Disney's Friends for Change. Nicole Gale Anderson Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series ""Beauty & the Beast"". She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Jonas"", and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series ""Make It or Break It""

"EDF Energy"
EDF Energy EDF Energy is an integrated energy company in the United Kingdom, with operations spanning electricity generation and the sale of gas and electricity to homes and businesses throughout the United Kingdom. It employs 13,331 people and handles 5.7 million customer accounts. EDF Energy Customers (trading as EDF Energy) is wholly owned by the French state owned EDF (Électricité de France) and was formed in 2002, following the acquisition and mergers of SEEBOARD Plc (formerly the South Eastern Electricity Board), London Electricity Plc (formerly the London Electricity Board or LEB), SWEB Energy Plc (formerly the South Western Electricity Board)

"Pharmacy in the United Kingdom"
NHS. Under the new contract there will be a payment of £1.33 per prescribed item dispensed, but the flat rate establishment payment (around £25,000 per pharmacy) set up in 2005 will be reduced by 40% and is to be abolished. There will be a Pharmacy Access Scheme with monthly payments for the 1427 pharmacies more than a mile away from the next pharmacy. There will be additional quality incentives for: In October 2017 the first payments to community pharmacies under the new quality payments scheme were made by NHS England. 90% of community pharmacies, 11,094 applied. 10,985 passed the qualifying

practices in order to improve the management of medication for patients with long term conditions. About 420 million repeat prescriptions are generated in the UK each year — about 200 for each general practitioner each week. In the practice pharmacists can do more Medicine use reviews. By April 2017 there were plans for 1350 practices in England to have access to clinical pharmacists. It is intended to have 1,500 pharmacists in general practice by 2020. NHS England’s announced funding for 180 pharmacists and 60 technicians to work in care homes in March 2018. Retail pharmacies and pharmacists are regulated by

"Direct Marketing Association (United Kingdom)"
Direct Marketing Association (United Kingdom) The UK DMA is a trade organization which seeks to advance all forms of direct marketing. It is based in the United Kingdom, but its members include companies from other countries as well. The DMA promotes direct marketing, informs consumers of the safeguards that exist, and promotes the DMA as their protector, contact point and regulator. The DMA also tries to ensure that its members create consumer confidence. It gives advice how companies should use information by operating within the terms of the UK Data Protection Act. The UK DMA manages the industry's preference services:

Ebiquity
of the share price (£1.95) when it acquired Billetts in 2005. Ebiquity subsidiaries include FirmDecisions. Ebiquity Plc is a leading independent marketing and media consultancy. Their focus is on helping brands make better informed marketing investment decisions. With 20 offices globally, Ebiquity offer full coverage of the world’s largest advertising markets. Ebiquity’s 750+ consultants and experts work with marketing-leading local and global brands across four key areas; Ebiquity Media - Achieving greater transparency of media spend and performance Ebiquity Analytics - Building evidence-based marketing programmes rooted in data and analytics Ebiquity Tech - Deploying the right technology effectively to create

"Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom"
report claims, ""In many cases, the UK taxpayer effectively pays twice for medicines: first through investing in R&D, and then by paying high prices for the resulting medicine once ownership has been transferred to a private company."" Richard Sullivan of Kings College, London, said some drug companies price their drugs correctly but others ""vastly overprice"" their drugs. There are calls for government action to discourage overpricing. Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom The pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom directly employs around 73,000 people and in 2007 contributed £8.4 billion to the UK's GDP and invested a total of £3.9

e.g.: the Corporate Telephone Preference Service (CTPS) These services are designed to make consumers aware of the services that stop mail, email, telephone and fax marketing to them as individuals Direct Marketing Association (United Kingdom) The UK DMA is a trade organization which seeks to advance all forms of direct marketing. It is based in the United Kingdom, but its members include companies from other countries as well. The DMA promotes direct marketing, informs consumers of the safeguards that exist, and promotes the DMA as their protector, contact point and regulator. The DMA also tries to ensure that its members

Section 44 of the National Health Service Act 1977. Each committee has about 12 members. There are now about 80 in England. 89% of the UK population live within a 20-minute walk of their local pharmacy. A majority of the population visit a pharmacy at least once every 28 days. In 2014 more than 1.1 billion prescription items were dispensed in England. This was 34.5 million more than in the previous 12 months and 378.4 million more than in 2004. The total net ingredient cost of prescribed items was £8.9 billion. 89.9% of all items dispensed in England were free

2,000 MW coal fired power stations, Cottam and West Burton, both located near Retford in Nottinghamshire, giving EDF the highest coal fired generational capacity of any energy company in the United Kingdom. It also owns the 790 MW Sutton Bridge CCGT power station, and constructed a new 1,311 MW CCGT station at West Burton,which opened in 2011. EDF also owns and operates three wind farms, at Kirkheaton in Northumberland and the High Hedley Hope wind farm near Tow Law in County Durham, and the Teesside Offshore Wind near Redcar, Teesside. Following the acquisition of British Energy in 2009, the EDF

women and impetigo in children without a doctor's prescription. It also increases access for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to medication-related advice and patient-centred medicine review. Antibiotic use is the highest in the UK, with prescribing rates in October 2017 being 30% higher than in England. In rural areas GPs are permitted to dispense medication if there is not a pharmacy within a mile of the surgery. There are 1,290 dispensing practices across the UK serving 8.8 million patients in 2015. Many are members of the Dispensing Doctors' Association. NHS England is supporting initiatives to place pharmacists in GP

"Cellular respiration"
ATP. In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial cristae. It comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of inner membrane by oxidizing the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic gradient is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP. The electrons are finally transferred to exogenous oxygen and, with the addition of two protons, water is formed. The table below describes the reactions involved when one glucose molecule is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced

Chemiosmosis
is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP), making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as in most bacteria and archaea, an electron transport chain pumps H+ ions in the thylakoid spaces through thylakoid membranes. The energy from the electron movement through electron transport chains cross through ATP synthase which allows the proton to pass through them and use this free energy difference to photophosphorylate ADP making ATP. Peter D. Mitchell proposed the

third phosphate group is added to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH The negative ΔG indicates that the reaction can occur spontaneously. The potential of NADH and FADH is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the ""terminal electron acceptor"". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from

"ATP hydrolysis"
ATP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (P). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (P). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes,

"ATP synthase"
or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma. ATP synthase consists of two main subunits, F and F, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production. Because of its rotating subunit, ATP synthase is a molecular machine. The F fraction derives its name from the term ""Fraction 1"" and F (written as a subscript letter ""o"", not ""zero"") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived

However some anaerobic organisms, such as methanogens are able to continue with anaerobic respiration, yielding more ATP by using other inorganic molecules (not oxygen) as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain. They share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post-glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells. 1. Glycolysis: --- ""2 ATPs + Glucose → 2 Pyruvic Acid + 4 Hydrogen + 4 ATPs"" 2. Formation of Acetyl CoA: --- ""2 Pyruvic Acid + 2 CoA → 2

Acetyl CoA + 2 Carbon Dioxide + 2 Hydrogen"" 3. Krebs Cycle: --- ""2 Acetyl CoA + 3 O2 → 6 Hydrogen + 4 Carbon Dioxide + 2 ATPs"" 4. Electron Transport System: --- ""12 Hydrogen + 3 O2 → 6 Water + 32 ATPs"" Overall Reaction: --- ""Glucose + 6 O2 → 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + 36 ATPs"" Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce

Cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process, as weak so-called ""high-energy"" bonds are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. Cellular respiration is considered an exothermic redox reaction which releases heat. The overall reaction occurs in

"Carbohydrate catabolism"
molecules of ATP is therefore one of the most important biochemical pathways found in living organisms. Glycolysis, which means “sugar splitting,” is the initial process in the cellular respiration pathway. Glycolysis can be either an aerobic or anaerobic process. When oxygen is present, glycolysis continues along the aerobic respiration pathway. If oxygen is not present, then ATP production is restricted to anaerobic respiration. The location where glycolysis, aerobic or anaerobic, occurs is in the cytosol of the cell. In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is split into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. These carbon molecules are oxidized into NADH and

ΔG, one can see that the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP, as measured in humans, is almost twice as much as the energy produced in standard conditions. ATP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (P). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate

"When Calls the Heart"
(Daniel Lissing). He believes Thatcher's wealthy father has doomed the lawman's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate's daughter. The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 1, Season 2 after the coal mine was closed. Living in this 1910 coal town, Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own. Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton, whose husband, the foreman of the mine, and her only son—along with 45 other miners—have recently been killed in an explosion, which

as her niece, whose name is also Elizabeth Thatcher (played by Poppy Drayton in the movie), and Daniel Lissing plays a Mountie named Jack Thornton, with Lori Loughlin reprising her role as coal mine widow Abigail Stanton. On April 24, 2017, Krakow announced via the Hallmark Channel website that the show would return for a fifth season, which premiered with a two-hour Christmas special broadcast as part of Hallmark's ""Countdown to Christmas"" event and resumed in February 2018, ending in April. On March 21, 2018, Hallmark renewed the series for a sixth season. A spin off of the show named

""When Hope Calls"" was announced at Hallmark's Television Critics Association summer press tour on July 26, 2018. ""When Hope Calls"" is expected to debut in 2019 on Hallmark Movies Now streaming service. ""When Calls the Heart"" tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow), a young teacher accustomed to her high-society life. She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley, a small coal-mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb, Alberta. There, life is simple—but often fraught with challenges. Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley, except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton

"The Ponder Heart"
set in fictional rural Clay County, Mississippi, home to the Ponders, the richest family in the county. Daniel Ponder, a ""mildly retarded man"" according to literary scholars, is the heir to his father Sam Ponder's wealth. As Daniel generously gives away his possessions, including a gas station and heirloom watches, his father and his niece, Edna Earle Ponder, try to save their family fortune by having Daniel institutionalized to a psychiatric hospital. When Sam instead of Daniel is institutionalized by accident, the two try to have Daniel marry Teacake Magee, an eligible widow. The marriage only lasts two months. Daniel

"Where the Heart Is (2000 film)"
Upon her return to Sequoyah, Novalee discovers Lexie has been attacked by a new love interest who molested her two eldest children, nearly beating her to death as she attempted to protect them. Lexie's injuries hinder her nursing job, and she and her children have to move in with Novalee and Americus. Lexie breaks down, feeling guilty and angry, tearfully regretting her choice in men. Mary Elizabeth later passes away and when Forney does not appear at the funeral, Novalee finds him in a hotel and comforts him. They act on the feelings they have denied for so long and

"Jack Bristow"
of the series, Jack fathered Sydney with Irina Derevko, a long-term KGB spy who married Jack to get close to the CIA, specifically to steal the details of Project Christmas, which Jack was developing for the Agency. She took the name Laura Bristow and built a cover as an English literature professor. Once the FBI started to investigate against Irina, she faked her death in a staged car accident. Jack, suspected of being complicit in Irina's espionage, was detained and placed in solitary confinement. He named Arvin and Emily Sloane as Sydney's guardians. Jack and Arvin became friends after they

"Jack Shephard"
haunted by his relationship with his father, a neurosurgeon at St. Sebastian Hospital. Jack exposes his father's alcoholism, ending his career. In September 2004, Jack's mother, Margo, (Veronica Hamel) orders him to find Christian, who has exiled himself to Australia, and bring him back. Jack goes to Sydney and finds that his father has died. Once Jack identified his father's body, he made arrangements to bring him home. Jack boards Oceanic 815 bound for Los Angeles on September 22, 2004, with his father's casket in the cargo hold. On the island, Jack plays a key role in the survival of

"Jack Drake"
in the heart with one of his boomerangs. Following his father's death, Tim mourns painfully and becomes more dark and brooding. Dana, also grief-stricken, is taken to a clinic in Blüdhaven for psychological treatment. She has not been seen or heard from since the destruction of that city. Following the One Year Later event, Bruce Wayne adopts Tim. During the ""Blackest Night"" event, Jack and Janet Drake are among the deceased raised from their graves by black power rings and recruited to the Black Lantern Corps. Dick Grayson (now the new Batman) warns Tim (known as Red Robin) and tells

"Jack West Jr"
the priest Del Piero took the mother's first-born child, Lily's older twin brother Alexander, and left her mother for dead. Jack and Max Epper were able to perform a caesarian on the dead mother using Jack's Leatherman knife, and rescued Lily, though Jack lost his arm triggering a release lock behind a curtain of lava during their escape. Lily is described as being of Egyptian descent, and, like her twin brother, is an Oracle of Siwa. This grants her the ability from the age of 10 to read the Word of Thoth. She is also highly competent with other languages.

"Where the Heart Is (US TV series)"
Allison, who was aghast that Christine seemed to elicit sympathy from most of their family and friends. After giving birth to Hugh's illegitimate daughter Katina, Christine became the target of harassing phone calls and insidious notes, and everyone believed that Allison was her rival's stalker. It transpired that the real culprit was Christine's kindly, old neighbor Will Watts (Robert Symonds), a deranged psychopath who had murdered his adulterous wife decades before. Envisioning Christine as his dead wife, Will spirited her away to an isolated cabin, where Hugh managed to rescue her just as Will was ready to kill her. Christine

"Spanish Inquisition"
with the Dominican Friar Tomás de Torquemada acting as its president, even though Sixtus IV protested the activities of the inquisition in Aragon and its treatment of the ""conversos"". Torquemada eventually assumed the title of Inquisitor-General. Thomas F. Madden describes the world that formed medieval politics: ""The Inquisition was not born out of desire to crush diversity or oppress people; it was rather an attempt to stop unjust executions. Yes, you read that correctly. Heresy was a crime against the state. Roman law in the Code of Justinian made it a capital offense. Rulers, whose authority was believed to come

among Andalusian ""conversos"" during her stay in Seville between 1477 and 1478. A report, produced by Pedro González de Mendoza, Archbishop of Seville, and by the Segovian Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, corroborated this assertion. Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella requested a papal bull establishing an inquisition in Spain in 1478 in response to the ""conversos"" returning to the practice of Judaism. Pope Sixtus IV granted a bull permitting the monarchs to select and appoint two or three priests over forty years of age to act as inquisitors. In 1483, Ferdinand and Isabella established a state council to administer the inquisition

in their kingdoms. The first two inquisitors, Miguel de Morillo and Juan de San Martín, were not named, however, until two years later, on 27 September 1480 in Medina del Campo. The first ""auto-da-fé"" was held in Seville on 6 February 1481: six people were burned alive. From there, the Inquisition grew rapidly in the Kingdom of Castile. By 1492, tribunals existed in eight Castilian cities: Ávila, Córdoba, Jaén, Medina del Campo, Segovia, Sigüenza, Toledo, and Valladolid. Sixtus IV promulgated a new bull categorically prohibiting the Inquisition's extension to Aragón, affirming that: According to the book ""A History of the

two inquisitors, a ""calificador"" (qualifiers), an ""alguacil"" (bailiff), and a ""fiscal"" (prosecutor); new positions were added as the institution matured. The inquisitors were preferably jurists more than theologians; in 1608 Philip III even stipulated that all the inquisitors must have a background in law. The inquisitors did not typically remain in the position for a long time: for the Court of Valencia, for example, the average tenure in the position was about two years. Most of the inquisitors belonged to the secular clergy (priests who were not members of religious orders) and had a university education. The ""fiscal"" was in

Spanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (""Inquisición española""), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The ""Spanish Inquisition"" may be defined broadly, operating in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the

Francisco Lopez Villalobos (Ferdinand's court physician), writers Juan del Enzina, Juan de Mena, Diego de Valera and Alonso de Palencia, and bankers Luis de Santangel and Gabriel Sanchez (who financed the voyage of Christopher Columbus) were all ""conversos"". ""Conversos"" – not without opposition – managed to attain high positions in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, at times becoming severe detractors of Judaism. Some even received titles of nobility, and as a result, during the following century some works attempted to demonstrate that virtually all of the nobles of Spain were descended from Israelites. According to this hypothesis, the Inquisition was created to

the crown. The Inquisitor General was the only public office whose authority stretched to all the kingdoms of Spain (including the American viceroyalties), except for a brief period (1507–1518) during which there were two Inquisitors General, one in the kingdom of Castile, and the other in Aragon. The Inquisitor General presided over the Council of the Supreme and General Inquisition (generally abbreviated as ""Council of the Suprema""), created in 1483, which was made up of six members named directly by the crown (the number of members of the Suprema varied over the course of the Inquisition's history, but it was

"Portuguese Inquisition"
the Conversos, also known as New Christians, Conversos or Marranos, who were suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Many of these were originally Spanish Jews who had left Spain for Portugal, when Spain forced Jews to convert to Christianity or leave. The number of victims is estimated as around 40,000. As in Spain, the Inquisition was subject to the authority of the King. It was headed by a Grand Inquisitor, or General Inquisitor, named by the Pope but selected by the king, always from within the royal family. The Grand Inquisitor would later nominate other inquisitors. In Portugal, the first Grand

from God, had no patience for heretics"". The monarchs decided to introduce the Inquisition to Castile to discover and punish crypto-Jews, and requested the pope's assent. Ferdinand II of Aragon pressured Pope Sixtus IV to agree to an Inquisition controlled by the monarchy by threatening to withdraw military support at a time when the Turks were a threat to Rome. The pope issued a bull to stop the Inquisition but was pressured into withdrawing it. On 1 November 1478, Sixtus published the Papal bull, ""Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus"", through which he gave the monarchs exclusive authority to name the inquisitors

Jewish People"", In 1483, Jews were expelled from all of Andalusia. Though the pope wanted to crack down on abuses, Ferdinand pressured him to promulgate a new bull, threatening that he would otherwise separate the Inquisition from Church authority. Sixtus did so on 17 October 1483, naming Tomás de Torquemada Inquisidor General of Aragón, Valencia, and Catalonia. Torquemada quickly established procedures for the Inquisition. A new court would be announced with a thirty-day grace period for confessions and the gathering of accusations by neighbors. Evidence that was used to identify a crypto-Jew included the absence of chimney smoke on Saturdays

ISTJ
under stress. The shadow processes ""operate more on the boundaries of our awareness…We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive."" For the ISTJ these shadow functions are (in order): ISTJ ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions

ISTJ
ISTJ ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to

ESTJ
negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive."" For the ESTJ these shadow functions are (in order): ESTJ ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the

ESTJ
ESTJ ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to

ISTP
ISTP ISTP (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to

ESFJ
ESFJ ESFJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to

ENTJ
ENTJ ENTJ (Extraversion, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"", which proposed a psychological typology based on his theories of cognitive functions. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to ENTJs as Fieldmarshals, one of the four

ESFJ
personality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called ""shadow"" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ESFJ these shadow functions are (in order): ESFJ ESFJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of

"Personality and Preference Inventory"
Personality and Preference Inventory The Personality and Preference Inventory (PAPI) is a Personality test which is used to determine a person's personality traits in the workplace. The questionnaire was designed to reveal a person's behaviours and preferences that may affect their suitability for a various vocations or specific vacant positions. The test was originally designed by Max Kostick, Professor of Industrial Psychology at Boston State College, in the early 1960s. Since then, two versions of the test have been developed: the PAPI-I (iterative) for individuals and the PAPI-N (normative) for employers. Although the tests are widely used, there is some

ESTP
ESTP ESTP (Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book ""Psychological Types"". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to

"Lost Girl"
a second season on November 12, 2010 (two months after its premiere), with the episodes order afterwards increased to 22 episodes; a third season on December 9, 2011; a fourth season on February 28, 2013; and a fifth on February 27, 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase announced that the fifth season would be the last, with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes. The series' finale episode aired on October 25, 2015. In Australia, ""Lost Girl"" premiered on Sci Fi Australia on July 14, 2011. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it premiered on Syfy (UK) on

7, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series premiered on Syfy (UK) on September 1, 2011, and returned for Season 2 on January 12, 2012, followed by Season 3 on April 23, 2013, and Season 4 on January 16, 2014. Due to a drop in ratings, the series was moved from 10 p.m. to 9 p.m. effective February 5, 2014. The series premiered on Syfy in the United States on January 16, 2012, after Syfy purchased the rights to Seasons 1 and 2 from Prodigy Pictures on May 18, 2011. Syfy aired both seasons back-to-back, with Season 1

consulting producer for the series in its fourth season, moved into the position of showrunner and executive producer for Season 5. On April 9, 2014, Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced the start of production on 13 episodes, with filming taking place in and around Toronto, and Season 5 premiering in Fall 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase and Anna Silk announced that Season 5 would be the series' last. The original 13-episode season was extended to 16 episodes and divided into Part 1 and Part 2, consisting of eight episodes each. Part 1 of the fifth season premiered on December

2 on September 19, 2013; and Season 3 on December 5, 2013. In the United States (Region 1), Giant Ape Media (Funimation SC) released the uncut episodes ""not seen on Syfy"" on DVD and Blu-ray with Season 1 on October 23, 2012, followed by Season 2 on November 13, 2012. The DVD and Blu-ray of Season 3 was released by Giant Ape Media in Region 1 (Canada and U.S.) on November 19, 2013. The Season 4 DVD and Blu-ray for Region 1 (Canada and U.S.) was released by Giant Ape Media on June 24, 2014. In the United Kingdom and

2013. On November 22, 2013, Syfy announced the January 13, 2014, premiere of Season 4, with the show's Monday broadcast schedule changed from 10 p.m. to 8 p.m. Syfy announced on ""Twitter"" on January 23, 2014, that the series' broadcast was returning to 10 p.m. effective January 27, 2014 (episode ""Lovers. Apart.""). Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth season of ""Lost Girl"" on February 27, 2014. Vanessa Piazza, who joined Prodigy Pictures Inc. in 2009 as a producer, was elevated to the position of executive producer on the show. Michael Grassi, who became a writer and

Ireland (Region 2), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Season 1 on DVD on February 25, 2013; Season 2 on September 9, 2013; Season 3 on March 3, 2014; and Season 4 on May 19, 2014. As a promotional lead-in to the show's premiere, ""Lost Girl: The Interactive Motion Comic"", a series of six motion comics, was released on Showcase's official ""Lost Girl"" website. The first chapter streamed on August 20, 2010. Around the time of the release of Chapter 5, the individual chapters were all made available for downloading as well as viewing on the website. File formats included M4V,

Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced that filming had begun on thirteen episodes for Season 4, with an expected premiere in Fall 2013; followed with a start of production announcement by Syfy on June 4, 2013. Showcase announced its 2013 Fall schedule on July 11, 2013, with Season 4 premiering on November 10, 2013, and its Sunday night broadcast changing from a 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. time slot. As a lead-in to the premiere of Season 4, Showcase announced the streaming of a four-part original ""webisodes"" series on its ""Lost Girl"" website, with the first episode released on October 13,

"Lost Girl (season 5)"
a fifth and final season, with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last, with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2. In the United States, on March 3, 2015, Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17, 2015, at 10 p.m., with the show's broadcast day changed to Friday. The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21, with episode ""Clear Eyes, Fae

The original 13-episode season was extended to 16 episodes and divided into two parts consisting of eight episodes each. The fifth season premiered on December 7, 2014, with its second half scheduled for Fall 2015. On June 1, 2015, Showcase announced the final eight episodes would air beginning September 6. After Part 1 mid-season finale episode ""End of Faes"" aired on June 4 in the United States, Syfy announced in a preview of Part 2 that ""Lost Girl"" would return in 2016. Showcase released the first episode of Part 2, ""44 Minutes to Save the World"", online on August 21,

around the city until September 22, for a targeted Fall 2011 premiere. On May 18, 2011, Syfy (U.S.) announced that it had acquired 26 episodes (Season 1 and Season 2) of ""Lost Girl"" from Prodigy Pictures. Showcase announced in a July 7, 2011, press release that the Season 2 premiere would be on September 4, 2011, and that an additional nine episodes had been ordered to make the season a total of 22 episodes. The order for more episodes was made public two weeks before the first appearance of ""Lost Girl"" cast and producers at San Diego Comic-Con International. Naming

"300: Rise of an Empire"
the ""Newark Star-Ledger"" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying ""There is much grinding of teeth, and mauling of history, and anachronistic use of gunpowder, until we plug our ears and desperately pray to the gods of Olympus, or the brothers of Warner, that they might make an end."" Despite mixed reviews for the film as a whole, Eva Green's performance as the naval officer Artemisia received rave reviews, with some going so far as to say she was more interesting than the heroes, and saved the film. Ty Burr of ""The Boston Globe"", in

and producer of ""Rise of an Empire"". The cast includes Lena Headey, Peter Mensah, David Wenham, Andrew Tiernan, Andrew Pleavin, and Rodrigo Santoro reprising their roles from the first film, alongside Sullivan Stapleton, Eva Green, Hans Matheson, and Callan Mulvey. It was released in 3D and IMAX 3D on March 7, 2014. The film's score was composed by Junkie XL. The film was released to mixed reviews, with critics praising the action sequences, music, cinematography, visual effects and Green's performance but criticizing the story and overstylized gore. It grossed over $337 million worldwide from a $110 million budget. Queen Gorgo

than its predecessor: Mere mortals of Athens, Sparta, and every city from Mumbai to Minneapolis, behold the magnificent Eva Green, and tremble!"" Paul Cartledge, a professor of Greek culture at Cambridge University, noted that the film contains historical errors. For example, Darius was not killed as depicted as neither Xerxes nor Darius was present at the Battle of Marathon. Artemisia, historically a queen and not an abused, orphaned slave, actually argued against sailing into the straits and survived the Persian Wars. In addition, the Spartan navy contributed a mere sixteen warships to the Greek fleet of 400 warships in the

"300 (film)"
army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham). Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing ""300"" within the genre of historical fantasy. ""300"" was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007. The film received mixed reviews, including acclaim for its original visuals and style, but criticism for

regimen, and his beard. In June 2008, producers Mark Canton, Gianni Nunnari and Bernie Goldmann revealed that work had begun on a sequel to ""300"", ""300: Rise of an Empire"". Legendary Pictures had announced that Frank Miller started writing the follow-up graphic novel, and Zack Snyder was interested in directing the adaptation, but moved on to develop and direct the Superman reboot ""Man of Steel"". Noam Murro directed instead, while Zack Snyder produced. The film focused on the Athenian admiral, Themistocles, as portrayed by Australian actor Sullivan Stapleton. The sequel, """", was released on March 7, 2014. 300 (film) 300

"Olivia Grant (actress, born 1983)"
Olivia Grant (actress, born 1983) Olivia Grant (born 20 September 1983) is an English actress. Her first film role was in ""Stardust"" (2007), in which she was cast within weeks of graduating from Oxford University. She is perhaps best known for portraying Lady Adelaide Midwinter in BBC's ""Lark Rise to Candleford"", Grace Darling in BBC3's ""Personal Affairs"", Hermione Roddice in ""Women in Love"", Henrietta Armistead in ""Garrow's Law"", Ava Knox in the HBO/Cinemax co-production ""Strike Back"" and Madeleine Mathers in ""Indian Summers"" for PBS and Channel 4. Grant was born on 20 September 1983 in southwest London, to Irene Whilton,

"Rosalind Ayres"
Rosalind Ayres Rosalind Ayres (born 7 December 1946) is an English actress. Active since 1970, Ayres is well known for her role in the 1997 film ""Titanic"", in which she played Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon. Her real life husband Martin Jarvis played Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon in the film Ayres has appeared in numerous films and television series, including regular performances in ""Armchair Thriller"", ""Penmarric"", ""Play for Today"", ""The Bounder"", ""Father's Day"" and ""Trevor's World of Sport"". She has acted in and directed numerous audio plays for L.A. Theatre Works and Hollywood Theater of the Ear. Ayres appeared on the BBC One

film went straight to video on 21 April 2009 and earned mixed reviews. Critic Mark H. Harris for ""About.com"" stated that the film ""has a great look and boasts an impressive cast,"" referring to both Headey and co-star Thomas Dekker. Headey had a part in a short film called ""The Devil's Wedding"". She provided her voice for an episode of the Cartoon Network TV series ""The Super Hero Squad Show"" playing Black Widow and Mystique. Since its premiere in April 2011, Headey has portrayed queen regent Cersei Lannister on the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"", based on George R. R.

when did the the regulatory reform (fire safety) order 2005 first come into effect

"Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005"
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as ""The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541"") is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006. Guidance for Businesses and Organisation is available in the form of 16 Government Published documents, with general guidance, a 5-Step Checklist

and 12 documents pertaining specifically to a particular type of business premises. It does not normally apply to domestic premises. The guides available are Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as ""The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541"") is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on

"Regulatory Reform Act 2001"
Regulatory Reform Act 2001 The Regulatory Reform Act 2001 (c.6) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It replaced the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994. It removed some of the constraints on Deregulation Orders under the 1994 Act, by providing wider powers for government ministers to make a Regulatory Reform Order by statutory instrument. The Act was introduced to the House of Lords on 7 December 2000, and passed to the House of Commons on 19 March 2001. It passed its Report Stage and Third Reading on 4 April 2001. Under the 2001 Act, a government

been largely replaced Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006. The Act expands the range of ministerial order-making powers, allowing orders to be made in a wider range of circumstances, more quickly and efficiently, with less consultation and scrutiny. Regulatory Reform Act 2001 The Regulatory Reform Act 2001 (c.6) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It replaced the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994. It removed some of the constraints on Deregulation Orders under the 1994 Act, by providing wider powers for government ministers to make a Regulatory Reform Order by statutory instrument. The Act was introduced

"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom"
in that time could result in prosecution. The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/1877) were a result of European Communities Act 1972. They brought the UK legislation up to a standard that met the fire safety requirements of two health and safety European Directives, 89/391/EEC and 89/654/EEC, adopted in 1989. The amendments were laid before Parliament on 7 July 1999 and became law on 1 December 1999. Unfortunately, they did not revoke sections 5 to 9 of the Fire Precautions Act, which required fire certificates; consequently, the legislation now ran in parallel with the Workplace Regulations but secondary

came into full force on 1 October 2006 (in England and Wales). The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Regulations 1976, gave some updates to the FPA and cleared several points about self-employed workers, the numbers of hours worked (part-time workers) and how aggregation of these could be used to bring some ""grey"" premises into the scope of requiring a fire certificate. It also brought in exemptions from the requirement to have a fire certificate in certain small premises. Following several small fires in chemical plants and a major explosion and fire at the Nypro plant in Flixborough

"Licensing Act 2003"
district councils, who took over this power from the Justices of the Peace. These authorities are each required to establish a Licensing Committee. The powers of the Act came fully into force at midnight at the start of 24 November 2005. Key measures contained in the Act include: Each local authority must set up a Licensing Committee with between ten and fifteen members. It is envisaged that most member level decisions will be made by a sub-committee of three. The Committee can and should have a scheme of delegation for different types of decision; this means that many applications will

"National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme"
are still under review. The Low Regulatory Concern Chemicals (LRCC) Reforms were introduced by NICNAS in 2004 to: encourage the introduction of new and safer chemicals; present options for access to industrial chemicals already assessed; and to provide greater access to chemical safety information. A number of these proposals were implemented in 2004-05, and are the subject of ongoing evaluation to determine their effectiveness and their impact on stakeholders. In 2009, comments were made by industry on the slow pace of the completion of the reforms. While reform is considered vital to industry, NICNAS indicated that it is a timely

on 16 June 2010, upheld a Crown Court's fine of £400,000 (with additional legal costs of £150,000) against New look Retailers Ltd. Following a major fire in the New Look Oxford Street shop, whilst no one was hurt, the building was lost and Oxford Street was closed for two days. The equivalent legislation in Scotland to the Regulatory Reform Order is the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005. Its scope (in Scotland) covers what the RRO and the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 covers in England and Wales. Part 3 of the act deals specifically with fire safety. In October 2006,

"Policing and Crime Act 2009"
Policing and Crime Act 2009 The Policing and Crime Act 2009 (c 26) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act makes provision about police reform, prostitutes, sex offenders, sex establishments and certain other premises. It amends the law on aviation security, alcohol misuse, proceeds of crime, extradition and gang related violence. The legislation came about due to a number of recommendations in government reports seeking an increase in public accountability. This led to a green paper about policing in which ways in which policing could be improved were discussed, which in turn led to the

"United States Bill of Rights"
would it replace the existing government under the Articles of Confederation and would apply only to those states that ratified it. Following contentious battles in several states, the proposed Constitution reached that nine-state ratification plateau in June 1788. On September 13, 1788, the Articles of Confederation Congress certified that the new Constitution had been ratified by more than enough states for the new system to be implemented and directed the new government to meet in New York City on the first Wednesday in March the following year. On March 4, 1789, the new frame of government came into force with

25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution, each consisting of one one-sentence paragraph, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states. Although Madison's

to the preamble. On September 21, 1789, a House–Senate Conference Committee convened to resolve the numerous differences between the two Bill of Rights proposals. On September 24, 1789, the committee issued this report, which finalized 12 Constitutional Amendments for House and Senate to consider. This final version was approved by joint resolution of Congress on September 25, 1789, to be forwarded to the states on September 28. By the time the debates and legislative maneuvering that went into crafting the Bill of Rights amendments was done, many personal opinions had shifted. A number of Federalists came out in support, thus

"Bill of rights"
citizenship by arguing that Englishmen had historically enjoyed such rights. The Petition of Right 1628, the Declaration of Right, 1689 and the Bill of Rights 1689 established certain rights in statute. In America, the English Bill of Rights was one of the influences on the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, which in turn influenced the United States Declaration of Independence later that year. Inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen asserted the universality of rights. It was adopted in 1789 by France's National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the

are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification. On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the Constitution in the House of Representatives. Madison proposed inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September

have been a federal Constitution without Madison but certainly no Bill of Rights."" The twelve articles of amendment approved by congress were officially submitted to the Legislatures of the several States for consideration on September 28, 1789. The following states ratified some or all of the amendments: Having been approved by the requisite three-fourths of the several states, there being 14 States in the Union at the time (as Vermont had been admitted into the Union on March 4, 1791), the ratification of Articles Three through Twelve was completed and they became Amendments 1 through 10 of the Constitution. President

Washington informed Congress of this on January 18, 1792. As they had not yet been approved by 11 of the 14 states, the ratification of Article One (ratified by 10) and Article Two (ratified by 6) remained incomplete. The ratification plateau they needed to reach soon rose to 12 of 15 states when Kentucky joined the Union (June 1, 1792). On June 27, 1792, the Kentucky General Assembly ratified all 12 amendments, however this action did not come to light until 1996. Article One came within one state of the number needed to become adopted into the Constitution on two

One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Prior to the ratification and implementation of the United States Constitution, the thirteen sovereign states followed the Articles of Confederation, created by the Second Continental Congress and ratified in 1781. However, the national government that operated under the Articles of Confederation was too weak to adequately regulate the various conflicts that arose between the states. The Philadelphia Convention set out to correct weaknesses of the Articles that had been apparent even before the American Revolutionary War had been successfully concluded. The convention took place from

amendments at the Constitution's end so that the document would ""remain inviolate"", rather than adding them throughout, as Madison had proposed. The amendments, revised and condensed from twenty to seventeen, were approved and forwarded to the Senate on August 24, 1789. The Senate edited these amendments still further, making 26 changes of its own. Madison's proposal to apply parts of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government was eliminated, and the seventeen amendments were condensed to twelve, which were approved on September 9, 1789. The Senate also eliminated the last of Madison's proposed changes

May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was purportedly intended only to revise the Articles, the intention of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The convention convened in the Pennsylvania State House, and George Washington of Virginia was unanimously elected as president of the convention. The 55 delegates who drafted the Constitution are among the men known as the Founding Fathers of the new nation. Thomas Jefferson, who was Minister to France

"East India Company"
command fortresses and troops and form alliances, to make war and peace, and to exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction over the acquired areas. In 1689 a Mughal fleet commanded by Sidi Yaqub attacked Bombay. After a year of resistance the EIC surrendered in 1690, and the company sent envoys to Aurangzeb's camp to plead for a pardon. The company's envoys had to prostrate themselves before the emperor, pay a large indemnity, and promise better behaviour in the future. The emperor withdrew his troops, and the company subsequently re-established itself in Bombay and set up a new base in Calcutta.

to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj. Despite frequent government intervention, the company had recurring problems with its finances. It was dissolved in 1874 as a result of the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act passed one year earlier, as the Government of India Act

and had only indirect control until 1657 when permanent joint stock was established. During its first century of operation, the focus of the company was trade, not the building of an empire in India. Company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the French East India Company (""Compagnie française des Indes orientales"") during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The battles of Plassey and Buxar, in which the British defeated the Bengali powers, left the company in control

in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war during which Tipu Sultan was killed. The last vestiges of local administration were restricted to the northern regions of Delhi, Oudh, Rajputana, and Punjab, where the company's presence was ever increasing amidst infighting and offers of protection among the remaining princes. The hundred years from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 to the Indian Rebellion of 1857 were a period of consolidation for the company, during which it seized control of the entire Indian subcontinent and functioned more as an administrator and less as a trading concern. A cholera pandemic began in Bengal, then spread

expansion. Robert Clive led company forces against Siraj Ud Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, Bihar, and Midnapore district in Odisha to victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, resulting in the conquest of Bengal. This victory estranged the British and the Mughals, since Siraj Ud Daulah was a Mughal feudatory ally. That led to the Battle of Buxar. With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of

on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies. Before them the Portuguese Estado da Índia had traded there for much of the 16th century and the first of half a dozen Dutch Companies sailed to trade there from 1595. These Dutch companies amalgamated in March 1602 into the United East Indies Company (VOC), which introduced the first permanent joint stock from 1612 (meaning investment into shares did not need to be returned, but could be traded on a stock exchange). By contrast, wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the EIC's shares. Initially the government owned no shares

Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal), Bombay (Mumbai) and the surrounding areas, leading to a formal end of the Maratha empire and firm establishment of the British East India Company in India. Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore, offered much resistance to the British forces. Having sided with the French during the Revolutionary War, the rulers of Mysore continued their struggle against the company with the four Anglo-Mysore Wars. Mysore finally fell to the company forces in 1799,

on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure EIC ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle. In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties

had by then rendered it vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. The official government machinery of British India assumed the East India Company's governmental functions and absorbed its navy and its armies in 1858. Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, the captured Spanish and Portuguese ships with their cargoes enabled English voyagers to potentially travel the globe in search of riches. London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The aim was to deliver a decisive blow to the Spanish and Portuguese monopoly of Far Eastern Trade. Elizabeth granted

the Indian Ocean. The company achieved a major victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612, at Suvali in Surat. The company decided to explore the feasibility of gaining a territorial foothold in mainland India, with official sanction from both Britain and the Mughal Empire, and requested that the Crown launch a diplomatic mission. In 1612, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nur-ud-din Salim Jahangir (r. 1605–1627) to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and establish factories in Surat and other areas. In return,

"Vicente Fox"
Vicente Fox Vicente Fox Quesada, (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 55th President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006. A right-wing populist, Fox ran for and was elected President on the National Action Party (PAN) ticket, which was an opposition party at the time of his election as president. He is currently the Co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of center-right political parties. Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically significant election since it made him the first

"History of Mexico"
infrastructure, modernize the tax system and labor laws, integrate with the U.S. economy, and allow private investment in the energy sector, Vicente Fox Quesada, the candidate of the National Action Party (PAN), was elected the 69th president of Mexico on 2 July 2000, ending PRI's 71-year-long control of the office. Though Fox's victory was due in part to popular discontent with decades of unchallenged PRI hegemony, also, Fox's opponent, president Zedillo, conceded defeat on the night of the election—a first in Mexican history. A further sign of the quickening of Mexican democracy was the fact that PAN failed to win

a majority in both chambers of Congress—a situation that prevented Fox from implementing his reform pledges. Nonetheless, the transfer of power in 2000 was quick and peaceful. Fox was a very strong candidate, but an ineffective president who was weakened by PAN's minority status in Congress. Historian Philip Russell summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of Fox as president: President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (PAN) took office after one of the most hotly contested elections in recent Mexican history; Calderón won by such a small margin (.56% or 233,831 votes.) that the runner-up, Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the leftist Party of

"President of Mexico"
(who contested the official results). Former President Vicente Fox was elected with a plurality of 43% of the popular vote, Ernesto Zedillo won 48% of the vote, and his predecessor Carlos Salinas won with a majority of 50%. The most recent former president, Enrique Peña Nieto won 38% of the popular vote. The current President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, was elected in 2018 with a modern-era record of 53% share of the popular vote. The history of Mexico has not been a peaceful one. After the fall of dictator Porfirio Díaz in 1910 because of the Mexican Revolution, there was

extended it to six years for the first time in Mexico's history, and then again from 1917 to 1928 after a new constitution reversed the change made by Diaz in 1904. Finally, the presidential term was set at six years in 1928 and has remained unchanged since then. The president is elected by direct, popular, universal suffrage. Whoever wins a simple plurality of the national vote is elected; there is no runoff election. Former President Felipe Calderón won with 36.38% of the votes in the 2006 general election, finishing only 0.56 percent above his nearest rival, Andrés Manuel López Obrador

strict internal discipline and government presence in the country, and electoral fraud became common. After the country regained its peace, this pattern of fraud continued, with the opposition losing every election until the later part of the 20th century. The first presidential election broadly considered legitimate was the one held in 1994, when the PRI's Ernesto Zedillo took office, and in his term several reforms were enacted to ensure fairness and transparency in elections. Partly as a consequence of these reforms, the 1997 federal congressional election saw the first opposition Chamber of Deputies ever, and the 2000 elections saw Vicente

United States Bill Clinton. He took office as president on 1 December 2000, marking the first time since 1917 that an opposition candidate had taken power, putting an end to the priísta era. During his campaign for president, Vicente Fox became well known for his cowboy style and quirkiness. As a speaker, Fox usually attracted big crowds in the early years of his presidency. At , Fox easily stood out in most crowds, and is believed to be one of the tallest presidents in Mexico's history. After his inauguration, President Fox usually wore suits for formal occasions, but opted to

"Enrique Peña Nieto"
Enrique Peña Nieto Enrique Peña Nieto (; born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician who served as the 57th President of Mexico, from 2012 to 2018. He previously served in the State of Mexico as Secretary of Administration (2000–2002), Representative (2003–2004), and State Governor (2005–2011). Born in Atlacomulco and raised in Toluca, Peña Nieto attended Panamerican University graduating with a B.A. in legal studies. He began his political career after attaining a M.B.A. from ITESM, by joining the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1984. After serving as a public notary in Mexico

inauguration, then taken away for repairs. PAN members accused Veracruz's governor, Fidel Herrera Beltrán, of ""ordering the attack on the statue,"" and Fox called the governor intolerant. Others in the media argued that the installation of the statue was inappropriate, since former President Fox was facing allegations relating to an illicit enrichment scandal at the time. Vicente Fox Vicente Fox Quesada, (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 55th President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006. A right-wing populist, Fox ran for and was elected President on the

"Luis Echeverría"
on 10 July 2018. On 2 January 1945, Echeverría married to María Esther Zuno (8 December 1924 – 4 December 1999) and had eight children. Luis Echeverría Luis Echeverría Álvarez, (; born 17 January 1922) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 50th President of Mexico from 1970 to 1976. At , he is currently the oldest living former Mexican president. His presidency was characterized by his authoritarian manners, the 1971 Corpus Christi massacre against student protesters, the Dirty War against leftist sublevations in the country (while adopting a leftist-populist rhetoric himself),

"The Next Step (2013 TV series)"
would return for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2017. The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which premiered in Canada on September 29, 2018. The series premiere of ""The Next Step"" set ratings records for Family, with at least 574,000 viewers on its initial broadcast—which set a record for Family's highest-rated original series premiere. On January 8, 2014, BBC Worldwide licensed the series to several international broadcasters, including ABC Me in Australia, Hulu in the United States, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. In Canada, the show also airs on Vrak in

S1 and S1.5), and a four episode season finale. Special content was also going to be available, including ""The Next Step Interactive"". Filming began July 12, 2012 in Toronto, Ontario. On April 9, 2013, Family announced that it had renewed the series for a second season. On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on March 16, 2015. On April 16, 2015, it was announced that the series would return for a fourth season, which premiered on February 15, 2016. On March 21, 2016, Frank van Keeken announced on Instagram that ""The Next Step""

"Community (season 6)"
Community (season 6) The sixth and final season of the television comedy series ""Community"" premiered on Yahoo! Screen on March 17, 2015, with a two-episode premiere, and concluded on June 2, 2015. The season consists of 13 episodes released weekly via Yahoo! Screen on Tuesdays. Yahoo! announced in June 2014 that it had picked up the series for a sixth season after NBC had canceled the series in May 2014. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 9, 2014, NBC announced that it had canceled ""Community"". For several years prior to its cancelation, fans adopted the slogan ""six seasons and a movie"", a line

"Grimm (season 6)"
sixth season would consist of at least 13 episodes, unlike previous seasons. On July 27, 2016, Chris McKenna was cast as Lt. Grossante, a formidable and driven ""military-type"" cop. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grimm (season 6) The sixth and final season of the NBC American supernatural drama series ""Grimm"" was announced on April 18, 2016. It premiered on January 6 and concluded on March 31, 2017. The season consisted of 13 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, is produced by NBC, GK Productions, Hazy Mills Productions, and Universal Television. The main plot follows a descendant of the

"Once Upon a Time (season 6)"
direction as the reason for their departures. Gilmore expressed similar sentiments. Meanwhile, Goodwin and Dallas had informed the showrunners a year prior that they intended to leave the show at the end of the sixth season. Once Upon a Time (season 6) The sixth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama ""Once Upon a Time"" was ordered on March 3, 2016. It debuted on September 25, 2016, and concluded on May 14, 2017. In January 2017, it was stated that the sixth season would end the main storyline, and for a seventh season, the series would be softly rebooted with a

Grimm (season 6) The sixth and final season of the NBC American supernatural drama series ""Grimm"" was announced on April 18, 2016. It premiered on January 6 and concluded on March 31, 2017. The season consisted of 13 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, is produced by NBC, GK Productions, Hazy Mills Productions, and Universal Television. The main plot follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm. On December 31, 2016, it was revealed that the

"Homeland (season 6)"
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The season’s episodes’ opening includes excerpts from ""The Revolution Will Not Be Televised"". On December 9, 2015, the series was renewed for a sixth season. On August 11, 2016, at the 2016 Summer TCA Press Tour it was announced that filming of the season would begin in August 2016, in New York. Showrunners Alex Gansa and Howard Gordon along with Gideon Raff, Chip Johannessen, Michael Klick, Patrick Harbinson, Lesli Linka Glatter, Avi Nir, Ran Telem, and Claire Danes are executive producers. In September 2016, co-star Rupert Friend sustained an injury to his foot, forcing production to shoot around his

"Chicago Fire (season 6)"
Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead. Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of ""Chicago Fire"", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse

"Six (TV series)"
Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. ""Six"" premiered on January 18, 2017. ""Six"" was renewed for a second season of 10 episodes on February 23, 2017, which premiered on May 28, 2018, with the second new episode airing during its regular timeslot on May 30, 2018. On June 29, History announced they had cancelled the series after two seasons. The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who

"San Jose Sharks"
San Jose Sharks The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season, the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace, before they moved to their present home, the SAP Center at San Jose in 1993. The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank. The Sharks were founded in 1991 and were the first NHL franchise

team lost a best-of-seven series after winning their first three games). After the loss, general manager Doug Wilson described the Sharks' playoff failures ""like Charlie Brown trying to kick a football"". On August 20, 2014, head coach Todd McLellan announced the team would go into training camp for the 2014–15 season without a captain, and that all players (including former captains Joe Thornton and Patrick Marleau) would have the opportunity to compete for the captaincy. No captain was named during the season. The Sharks hosted the 2015 NHL Stadium Series against the Kings at Levi's Stadium in February 2015, losing

20-year tenure with the team. He left holding almost every offensive record in team history, such as power play goals, goals, short-handed goals and games played. In the 2017–18 season, the Sharks once again finished in third place in the Pacific Division. They swept the Anaheim Ducks in the first round of the 2018 playoffs, but lost to the expansion Vegas Golden Knights in six games in the second round. The Sharks' best-known tradition is their pre-game entrance scene. At the beginning of each Sharks home game, the lights go down and a 17-foot open shark mouth is lowered from

based in the San Francisco Bay Area since the California Golden Seals relocated to Cleveland in 1976. The Sharks have advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals once, losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2016. They have won the Presidents' Trophy once, as the team with the league's best regular season record in the 2008–09 season. They have also won six division titles as a member of the Pacific Division since 1993. The club is affiliated with the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League. The Oakland Coliseum Arena was home to the California Golden Seals of the NHL from

Louis Blues in six games to win the Western Conference championship. This marked the first time in franchise history that the Sharks advanced to play in the Stanley Cup Final. The Sharks ultimately lost the Stanley Cup Finals in the best-of-seven series against the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games. In the following season, the Sharks finished in third place in the Pacific Division, but were defeated by the Edmonton Oilers in six games in the first round of the 2017 playoffs. Following the season, long-time stalwart Patrick Marleau left the team to sign with the Toronto Maple Leafs, ending his

"SAP Center"
SAP Center The SAP Center at San Jose (originally known as the San Jose Arena) is an indoor arena located in San Jose, California. Its primary tenant is the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League, for which the arena has earned the nickname ""The Shark Tank"". It is also the home to the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League. Plans for a San Jose arena began in the mid-1980s, when a group of local citizens formed Fund Arena Now (FAN). The group contacted city officials and pursued potential sponsors and partners NHL and NBA. In the

(hence the triangle in the team's logo) because of its shark population. The team's first marketing head, Matt Levine, said of the new name, ""Sharks are relentless, determined, swift, agile, bright and fearless. We plan to build an organization that has all those qualities."" For their first two seasons, the Sharks played at the Cow Palace in Daly City, just outside San Francisco, a facility the NHL and the Seals had rejected in 1967. Pat Falloon was their first draft choice and led the team in points during their first season. The team was placed in the Campbell Conference's Smythe

2–1. Earlier in the season, the Sharks were in playoff contention, but they would ultimately lose games to key Western Conference opponents as the season went on. Despite posting a record of 40–33–9, the Sharks finished fifth in the Pacific Division and missed the playoffs for the first time in ten years. On April 20, 2015, the team announced that they had agreed to ""part ways"" with McLellan, Johnson and Woodcroft, as well as Video Coordinator Heimlich. On May 28, 2015, the team named Peter DeBoer as their new head coach. During the off-season, the Sharks let John Scott and

Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Art Ross Trophy Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Hart Memorial Trophy James Norris Memorial Trophy Maurice ""Rocket"" Richard Trophy NHL Foundation Player Award All-Star Game head coach One of the first group of broadcasters for the Sharks was Joe Starkey. San Jose Sharks The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season,

Scott Hannan leave as free agents. They traded goalie Antti Niemi to the Dallas Stars for a seventh-round draft pick in the 2015 Draft. Then, they acquired forward Joel Ward, goaltender Martin Jones, and defenseman Paul Martin. They also named forward Joe Pavelski the team's captain. Nearly one year after Peter DeBoer's arrival and a shaky start, the Sharks surged in the second half of the season to return to the playoffs, finishing with 98 points and third in the Pacific Division. They defeated the Los Angeles Kings in five games, the Nashville Predators in seven games and the St.

"Mount Wellington (Tasmania)"
Mount Wellington (Tasmania) Mount Wellington, officially kunanyi / Mount Wellington, incorporating its Palawa kani name (Aboriginal: ""Unghbanyahletta"" or ""Poorawetter""), is a mountain in the southeast coastal region of Tasmania, Australia. It is the summit of the Wellington Range and is within the Wellington Park reserve. Located at the foothills of the mountain is much of Tasmania's capital city, Hobart. The mountain rises to above sea level and is frequently covered by snow, sometimes even in summer, and the lower slopes are thickly forested, but crisscrossed by many walking tracks and a few fire trails. There is also a sealed narrow

Tasmania
Tasmania Tasmania (; abbreviated as TAS and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by the Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands. The state has a population of around 526,700 . Just over forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart. Tasmania's area is , of which the main island covers . It is promoted

Tasmania
is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. Tasman named the island Anthony van Diemen's Land after his sponsor Anthony van Diemen, the Governor of the Dutch East Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen's Land by the British. It was officially renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856. Tasmania was sometimes referred to as ""Dervon,"" as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter written by the notorious Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in 1879. The colloquial expression for the state is

Tasmania
in recent geological times but has many jagged peaks resulting from recent glaciation. Tasmania is the most mountainous state in Australia. The most mountainous region is the Central Highlands area, which covers most of the central western parts of the state. The Midlands located in the central east, is fairly flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although farming activity is scattered throughout the state. Tasmania's tallest mountain is Mount Ossa at . The mountain lies in the heart of the world-famous Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. Much of Tasmania is still densely forested, with the Southwest National Park

"Cathedral Mountain (Tasmania)"
Cathedral Mountain (Tasmania) Cathedral Mountain is a dominant mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in the central highlands in the state of Tasmania, Australia. Cathedral Mountain has an elevation of . The western side of this mountain has a spectacular and extensive cliff face which plunges some to the Mersey Valley floor. The mountain is at grid reference 261622 UTM Zone 55G and high resolution topographical information is available on Tasmap Cathedral (4236) 1:25000. Due west from Cathedral lies Mount Ossa, Tasmania's highest mountain, due north is Mount Pillinger, due east is Mount Ragoona and due south

"Mount Achilles (Tasmania)"
and mountain climbers. Mount Achilles (Tasmania) Mount Achilles is a mountain that is part of the Du Cane Range, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is the 46th highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Achilles consists of two main summits, the highest is known as 'Achilles Heel', and the other is referred to as 'Perrins Bluff'. It is located in the more northern part of the park, and almost due east of Zeehan It is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular

Mount Achilles (Tasmania) Mount Achilles is a mountain that is part of the Du Cane Range, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is the 46th highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Achilles consists of two main summits, the highest is known as 'Achilles Heel', and the other is referred to as 'Perrins Bluff'. It is located in the more northern part of the park, and almost due east of Zeehan It is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers

"Mount Bogong"
Mount Bogong Mount Bogong, , located in the Alpine National Park and part of the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, is the highest mountain in Victoria, Australia, at above sea level. The Big River separates the massif of the mountain from the Bogong High Plains to the south. From the nearby town of Mount Beauty to its summit, Mount Bogong rises more than , thus making it one of the highest peaks in Australia not only in terms of its elevation above sea level, but also in terms of actual base-to-summit prominence. Mount Bogong is a popular backcountry

"Mount Owen (Tasmania)"
Mount Owen (Tasmania) Mount Owen is a mountain directly east of the town of Queenstown on the West Coast Range in Western Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, like most of the mountains in the West Coast Range, it was named by the geologist Charles Gould after Richard Owen. The taller mountains were named after opponents or critics of Charles Darwin, the smaller after his supporters. The north western slopes are clearly seen from Gormanston and the Linda Valley 'Long Spur'. Historically, the tree line on Mount Owen was to a high level. However, timber on the

Tasmania
""Tassie"". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to ""Tas,"" mainly when used in business names and website addresses. TAS is also the Australia Post abbreviation for the state. The reconstructed Palawa kani language name for Tasmania is Lutriwita. The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 10,000 years ago. Much of the island is composed of Jurassic dolerite intrusions (the upwelling of magma) through other rock types, sometimes forming large columnar joints. Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with many distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this rock type.

"Marc Moss"
Jason Statham and James Franco. Marc Moss Marc Moss is an American screenwriter raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He received his BA from the University of Chicago and his MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts. Moss was credited with the feature films ""Along Came a Spider"" (2001), starring Morgan Freeman and Monica Potter, and ""Alex Cross"" (2012), starring Tyler Perry and Matthew Fox. He has also doctored numerous films including ""Kiss the Girls"" (1997), starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman; ""Runaway Jury"" (2003), featuring John Cusack and Academy Award winners Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman; ""Shooter"" (2007), starring Mark

"Along Came a Spider (film)"
D.C. detective, forensic psychologist and author Alex Cross (Morgan Freeman) loses control of a sting operation, resulting in the death of his partner, he opts to retire from the force. He finds himself drawn back to police work when Megan Rose (Mika Boorem), the daughter of a United States senator, is kidnapped from her exclusive private school by computer science teacher Gary Soneji (Michael Wincott). US Secret Service Special Agent Jezzie Flannigan (Monica Potter), held responsible for the breach in security, joins forces with Cross to find the missing girl. Soneji contacts Cross by phone and alerts him to the

Along Came a Spider (film) Along Came a Spider is a 2001 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the second installment of ""Alex Cross"" film series and a sequel to the 1997 film ""Kiss the Girls"", with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as detective Alex Cross. The screenplay by Marc Moss was adapted from the 1993 novel of the same title by James Patterson, but many of the key plot elements of the book were controversially eliminated. The movie received negative to mixed critical reviews, although it became a box office success. After Washington,

Marc Moss Marc Moss is an American screenwriter raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He received his BA from the University of Chicago and his MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts. Moss was credited with the feature films ""Along Came a Spider"" (2001), starring Morgan Freeman and Monica Potter, and ""Alex Cross"" (2012), starring Tyler Perry and Matthew Fox. He has also doctored numerous films including ""Kiss the Girls"" (1997), starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman; ""Runaway Jury"" (2003), featuring John Cusack and Academy Award winners Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman; ""Shooter"" (2007), starring Mark Wahlberg; and ""Homefront"" (2014), starring

Washington for ""Training Day"". There were no further sequels, but the character of Alex Cross was rebooted with a 2012 film adaptation of the novel ""Cross"" under the title ""Alex Cross"" starring Tyler Perry in the titular role. Along Came a Spider (film) Along Came a Spider is a 2001 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the second installment of ""Alex Cross"" film series and a sequel to the 1997 film ""Kiss the Girls"", with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as detective Alex Cross. The screenplay by Marc Moss was adapted from the 1993

"Alex Cross (film)"
Alex Cross (film) Alex Cross is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Tyler Perry as the title character and Matthew Fox as the villain Picasso. The adapted screenplay was written by Marc Moss and Kerry Williamson. It is based on the novel ""Cross"" by James Patterson and the third installment of the ""Alex Cross"" film series, which was considered as a reboot of the series. The title character was previously portrayed by Morgan Freeman in ""Kiss the Girls"" (1997) and ""Along Came a Spider"" (2001). Unlike the previous films, which were distributed by Paramount

fruition. After searching Flannigan's personal computer, he finds enough evidence to prove Flannigan and her fellow Secret Service agent Ben Devine (Billy Burke) used Soneji as a pawn in their own plot. He tracks them down to a secluded farmhouse where Flannigan has murdered Devine and is now intent on eliminating Megan Rose. Cross saves Megan and shoots Flannigan in the heart, killing her. Afterwards, Cross takes Megan back to her parents. One of the primary elements of the book screenwriter Marc Moss eliminated from his script was the fact that Soneji is actually a mild-mannered suburban husband and father

philosophy? This may have been Phil 101, but imagine the interest that must have been aroused in the audience with a product placement for university education. Says Cross in discussing what makes us choose our careers: 'You do what you are.' 'Not so,' replies Jezzie, every hair in place, not one gram of makeup disturbed, despite the excitement of the discussion... 'You are what you do.'"" Jerry Goldsmith won the BMI Film & TV Award for his original score, and Morgan Freeman was nominated for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture but lost to Denzel

book include: Dimitri (Michael ""Shrimpie"" Goldberg as referred to in the book) being kidnapped at the same time as Megan (Maggie); Megan's (Maggie's) mother was the more famous of her parents, being a popular actress; when the children are kidnapped they are sprayed with chloroform spray. Box office receipts totaled US$105,178,561, of which $74,078,174 was from the United States having earned US$16,712,407 in its opening weekend at 2,530 theaters. The film received mixed to negative reviews and has a ""rotten"" rating of 31% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 125 critic reviews. Elvis Mitchell of ""The New York Times"" called the

"Along Came a Spider (novel)"
feared criminal in America. A film adaptation of the same name was released on April 6, 2001, starring Morgan Freeman as Alex Cross, Monica Potter as Jezzie Flannagan, and Michael Wincott as Gary Soneji. The adaptation makes substantial changes to the plot, omitting much of Soneji's background and his split personality, as well as changing the identity of the kidnapped children's parents and many characters' eventual fate. Along Came a Spider (novel) Along Came a Spider is the first novel in James Patterson's series about forensic psychologist Alex Cross. First published in 1993, its success has led to eighteen sequels

"Around the Horn"
correctly predicting a Denver Broncos win the night before. The highest margin of points going into Showdown was set on June 13, 2011, with Jackie MacMullan scoring 60 points, a 61-point lead over Kevin Blackistone with -1. The highest margin of points after a round was set on June 28, 2013, with Woody Page having 11 points, a 497-point lead from Jackie MacMullan, who had -486 points going into Buy or Sell. Subsequently, on that June 28, 2013 episode, Jackie MacMullan was eliminated at the First Cut with a record low score of -474 points, due to starting with -500

beginning of the show due to a lost bet with Reali. The record for most points in the first round was set by Woody Paige at 41 points on October 30, 2009, that record was broken by Jackie MacMullan on May 12, 2010 with a score of 48, after she received a 25-point bonus for being named a recipient of the Basketball Hall of Fame's Curt Gowdy Media Award. On November 18, 2011, Woody Paige reclaimed the title for most first round points and on January 9, 2012, increase the title to 55 points, after receiving 30 pre-topic points for

given topic. Mutes are also given for ""banned"" buzzwords, such as ""optics"", ""narrative"", ""elite"", or ""problematic"". On October 31, 2018, Sarah Spain (dressed up as Freddie Mercury) set a new points record with 74 points. On January 9, 2012, Woody Paige set a scoring record with 71 points. Michael Smith had held the points record before the showdown with 64 on January 20, 2011. The record had been set by Jackie MacMullan in 2011. In the episode airing the day after Stephen Strasburg's debut, Woody Paige entered the showdown with 53 points despite having received a 25-point penalty at the

points from panelists at the discretion of the host depending on the strength or weakness of their arguments. The awarding and deduction of points has changed throughout the series. Originally, under host Max Kellerman, being muted cost a panelist five points. Later, Kellerman changed the scoring whereby ""good"" answers received two points, ""great"" answers received three, and a mute subtracted three points from a panelist's score. Shortly before Kellerman left the show, the mute was reduced to its current -1. After Tony Reali took over the show, the number of points awarded or deducted was randomized at his discretion. For

has hosted the program since 2004, replacing Max Kellerman, and also served as the statistician on ""Pardon the Interruption"" until the show's relocation to New York. ""Around the Horn"" premiered on November 4, 2002. From its premiere until January 30, 2004, the show was hosted by Max Kellerman, who at the time was largely known strictly as a contributor to ESPN's ""Friday Night Fights"". Kellerman departed from the network for Fox Sports and after the show tried out several replacements, current host Tony Reali was named the permanent host on February 2, 2004. As of August 2017, Woody Paige has

time, which then turned out to be the staunch opposite of what truly happened when the topic showed itself on the show again. For instance, in the August 30, 2010, episode, Woody Paige was awarded points after it was learned Stephen Strasburg would need Tommy John surgery, this coming after Paige was docked points in the July 29, 2010, episode when he suggested the Washington Nationals should shut Strasburg down in his first trip to the disabled list. There have been some topics, most during the Out of Bounds segment, which have not been scored due to their sensitive nature.

the conclusion of Super Bowl 50, Woody Paige was the only panelist to be awarded points for a correct pick (Denver had beaten Carolina) while the remaining panelists throughout the week had been penalized accordingly their corresponding first episode following the event. Reali also often introduces the 'Showdown,' the final segment of the show, with the phrase, ""Two men enter, one man ..."" usually ending with a pun based around a winner. For example, on January 8, 2009, Reali introduced the 'Showdown' by saying, ""Two men enter, one man wins a snuggie."" At the end of each episode, as the

points because of incorrectly predicting that Doc Rivers would not leave the Boston Celtics. Her losing effort was applauded by host Tony Reali and other panelists, including Tim Cowlishaw and Woody Paige. Reali also makes bets occasionally with the panelists on sporting events, with the panelist gaining or losing a lot of points based on the outcome. For example, in summer of 2007, Woody Paige made a bet with Reali that he could drink a gallon of water during the 30 minutes of the show. At the end, the tank was empty. On the next show, secret cameras revealed Paige

Such examples include Bob Ryan's suspension for his comments towards Jason Kidd's wife, the Duke lacrosse case, former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén calling Jay Mariotti a ""fag"", Ben Roethlisberger's motorcycle accident, Michael Vick's dog fighting and animal abuse, Rick Pitino's extortion scandal, Jay Mariotti's 2010 arrest, Aaron Hernandez first degree murder arrest in 2013, and other discussions of deaths. Other sensitive topics that do not award points are held at the beginning, such as the Penn State child sex abuse scandal, the Boston Marathon bombings in April 2013, and the death of Maine Black Bears football player Darius Minor.

an August 2011 show, Cowlishaw was docked points for not doing the impersonation during a topic regarding the Raiders' quarterback Terrelle Pryor. Cowlishaw has done other impersonations such as Sir Alex Ferguson. Kate Fagan's Face Times have often been regarding a story featured by her or her ESPNW colleagues. Certain panelists have certain jokes associated with them. Woody Paige has become famous for urging the others to ""Look at the schedule!"" Plaschke will often say ""It's over"" early in a playoff series. For a time, Bomani Jones had appeared with a WWE Championship belt and pinkie ring before losing the

what are the main sources of economic growth in the us currently

"Economy of the United States"
5% larger than the U.S. Real GDP per capita (measured in 2009 dollars) was $52,444 in 2017 and has been growing each year since 2010. It grew 3.0% per year on average in the 1960s, 2.1% in the 1970s, 2.4% in the 1980s, 2.2% in the 1990s, 0.7% in the 2000s, and 0.9% from 2010 to 2017. Reasons for slower growth since 2000 are debated by economists and may include aging demographics, slower population and growth in labor force, slower productivity growth, reduced corporate investment, greater income inequality reducing demand, lack of major innovations, and reduced labor power. The U.S.

an industry, originated in the United States, which it still dominates. According to the National Venture Capital Association 11% of private sector jobs come from venture capital backed companies and venture capital backed revenue accounts for 21% of U.S. GDP. Total U.S. investment in venture capital amounted to US$48.3 billion in 2014, for 4 356 deals. This represented 'an increase of 61% in dollars and a 4% increase in deals over the prior year,' reported the National Venture Capital Association. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development estimates that venture capital investment in the United States had fully recovered by

and Sweden). Business enterprises contributed 59.1 % of U.S. GERD in 2012, down from 69.0 % in 2000. Private non-profits and foreign entities each contribute a small fraction of total R&D, 3.3% and 3.8%, respectively. The USA has historically been a leader in business R&D and innovation. The economic recession of 2008–2009 has had a lasting impact, however. While the major performers of R&D largely maintained their commitments, the pain of the U.S. recession was felt mainly by small businesses and start-ups. Statistics released by the U.S. Census Bureau showed that, in 2008, the number of business 'deaths' began overtaking

the century before receding slightly during the economic recession then rising again as growth resumed. At its peak in 2009, GERD amounted to US$ 406 billion (2.82% of GDP). Despite the recession, it was still at 2.79% in 2012 and will slide only marginally to 2.73% in 2013, according to provisional data, and should remain at a similar level in 2014. The federal government is the primary funder of basic research, at 52.6% in 2012; state governments, universities and other non-profits funded 26%. Experimental development, on the other hand, is primarily funded by industry: 76.4% to the federal government's 22.1%

ranked 20th out of 220 countries in GDP per capita in 2017. Among the modern U.S. Presidents, Bill Clinton had the highest cumulative percent real GDP increase during his two terms, Reagan second and Obama third. The development of the nation's GDP according to World Bank: US real GDP grew by an average of 1.7% from 2000 to the first half of 2014, a rate around half the historical average up to 2000. Nominal GDP sector composition, 2015 (in millions of dollars) at 2005 constant prices Nominal GDP Sector Composition, 2016 (in millions of dollars) at current prices. There were

with an expansion of 53% (5.1% a year), from mid-1991 to late in 2000, at 43% (3.8% a year), and from late 1982 to mid-1990, at 37% (4% a year). In the 1970s and 1980s, it was popular in the U.S. to believe that Japan's economy would surpass that of the U.S., but this did not happen. Since the 1970s, several emerging countries have begun to close the economic gap with the United States. In most cases, this has been due to moving the manufacture of goods formerly made in the U.S. to countries where they could be made for

2014 to pre-recession levels. The National Venture Capital Association has reported that, in 2014, venture capital investment in the life sciences was at its highest level since 2008: in biotechnology, $6.0 billion was invested in 470 deals and, in life sciences overall, $8.6 billion in 789 deals (including biotechnology and medical devices). Two thirds (68%) of the investment in biotechnology went to first-time/early-stage development deals and the remainder to the expansion stage of development (14%), seed-stage companies (11%) and late-stage companies (7%). However, it was the software industry which invested in the greatest number of deals overall: 1,799, for an

since the historical peak in 1979. Employment in manufacturing was its lowest since July 1950. The number of steel workers fell from 500,000 in 1980 to 224,000 in 2000. The U.S. produces approximately 18% of the world's manufacturing output, a share that has declined as other nations developed competitive manufacturing industries. The job loss during this continual volume growth is the result of multiple factors including increased productivity, trade, and secular economic trends. In addition, growth in telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, aircraft, heavy machinery and other industries along with declines in low end, low skill industries such as clothing, toys, and other

economic indicators in 1980–2017. Inflation below 2 % is in green. U.S. nominal GDP was $19.5 trillion in 2017. Annualized, nominal GDP reached $20.1 trillion in Q1 2018, the first time it exceeded the $20 trillion level. About 70% of U.S. GDP is personal consumption, with business investment 18%, government 17% (federal, state and local but excluding transfer payments such as Social Security, which is in consumption) and net exports a negative 3% due to the U.S. trade deficit. Real gross domestic product, a measure of both production and income, grew by 2.3% in 2017, vs. 1.5% in 2016 and

these variables continued into post-recession record territory following those dates, with the U.S. recovery becoming the second longest on record in April 2018. Debt held by the public, a measure of national debt, has risen throughout the 21st century, rising from 31% in 2000 to 52% in 2009 and 77% of GDP in 2017, which was ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. Income inequality peaked in 2007 and fell during the Great Recession, yet still ranked 41st highest among 156 countries in 2017 (i.e., 74% of countries had a more equal income distribution). The following table shows the main

"Australia's Got Talent"
people auditioned in total. In addition, the two existing judges Red Symons and Tom Burlinson were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands. The production and filming was moved from Regent Theatre, Melbourne to Docklands Studios Melbourne, with a larger sound stage and set. The logo used for the first and seventh seasons of ""Australia's Got Talent"" is similar to the logo used by ""America's Got Talent"". The logo during the second to sixth seasons and season eight is similar to that used by ""Britain's Got Talent"". The original three judges were Danni Minogue, Red Symons and Tom Burlinson. For

new judges. On 4 February 2010, Sandilands confirmed on his 2Day FM breakfast radio show that he would be a judge. A press release from the Seven Network on 17 February, confirmed McFadden would also join the new judging panel. All judges returned for the fifth and sixth series of the programme. Due to the programme's move to Nine Network in 2013, Sandilands returned as a judge, whilst Minogue and McFadden were axed. Timomatic, Geri Halliwell and Dawn French were announced as the new judges. After it was announced that ""Australia's Got Talent"" would be returning to screens in 2016,

Australia's Got Talent Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality television talent show which premiered on 18 February 2007 on the Seven Network. The show is based on the ""Got Talent"" series format that originated in the United Kingdom with Simon Cowell. The original judges were Tom Burlinson, Red Symons and Dannii Minogue. Burlinson and Symons did not return for season four and were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands. Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell joined the panel in season seven as replacements for McFadden and Minogue. All four judges from season seven were replaced by Kelly Osbourne,

it was announced that there would be a complete new judging panel, with Sandilands, Timomatic, Halliwell and French being axed. It was later confirmed that Kelly Osbourne, Sophie Monk, Eddie Perfect and Ian Dickson would become the new judges. The first season of ""Australia's Got Talent"" premiered on Seven Network on 18 February 2007, becoming the second incarnation of the ""Got Talent"" franchise. The original judges were Dannii Minogue, Tom Burlinson and Red Symons. Singer Bonnie Anderson was crowned the winner of the first season on 28 April 2007, followed by Herb Patten finishing in second place. The second season

the second series, all judges returned, though Minogue was absent for numerous episodes as she was busy filming ""The X Factor"" in the United Kingdom. The judges later returned for series 3. In January 2010, it was made known that the judging panel would undergo a new line-up to accommodate Minogue's pregnancy. Judge Red Symons was strongly tipped to return to the Nine Network to be part of the revived ""Hey Hey It's Saturday"", while Tom Burlinson was rumoured to be dumped from the judging panel. Rumours then began to circulate that Kyle Sandilands and Brian McFadden would be the

in March 2013 and concluded in June 2013. The seventh season aired on the Nine Network in 2013. Kyle Sandilands returned to the judging panel, while Dannii Minogue and Brian McFadden were replaced by three new judges Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell. Julia Morris replaced Grant Denyer as the host. Mel B was originally due to join the judging panel, however an injunction sought by the Seven Network in the Supreme Court of New South Wales in March 2013 blocked her from appearing. The winner was ""Funk/Soul/Jazz/Reggae"" band, Uncle Jed, with band Greg Gould and The Chase becoming the

runner-up. On 8 July 2015, Nine announced that the show would be returning in 2016 for an eighth season. On Monday 4 January, it was announced that Season eight will be on Monday 1 February. It is the second season to air on Nine after it was axed in 2013. Auditions are open for September and October 2015. On 28 October 2015, it was announced that Halliwell, French, Timomatic and Sandilands have been replaced with a new panel of judges, they are Kelly Osbourne, Ian ""Dicko"" Dickson, Sophie Monk and Eddie Perfect. Morris will not return as host as she

"Australia's Got Talent (season 6)"
absence of McFadden. This was Minogue and McFadden's final series as judges, as they were replaced by Dawn French, Geri Halliwell and season 5 contestant Timomatic in season 7. There are various options for auditioning, such as attending the correct venue on the correct day with the questionnaire (which can be found on the website or completed on audition day), sending a DVD in with the act on it, or applying online. The following list contains all of the cities, venues and dates of the auditions. Todd McKenney was a guest judge at the Melbourne auditions in the place of

returned on 3 May 2011. All judges (Dannii Minogue, Kyle Sandilands and Brian McFadden) returned for the season, including host Grant Denyer. The producer auditions took place in 16 cities, throughout New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. The successful acts from the auditions were then invited to a second audition in front of the judges and a live audience. These auditions began in Gold Coast on 19 February 2011, followed by three days in Melbourne from 25 February 2011. They also took place in Sydney on 12–13 March 2011, and ended in

"The Voice (Australian TV series)"
2011, the ""Herald Sun"" reported that the Nine Network were planning to sign ""Australia's Got Talent"" judge Dannii Minogue as one of the coaches. Anthony Callea, Vanessa Amorosi and former Pussycat Dolls member Ashley Roberts all publicly expressed interest in coaching roles, however Keith Urban, Delta Goodrem, Seal and Joel Madden were ultimately confirmed as the four coaches for the first season. On signing the four coaches, Michael Healy, the Nine Network's Director of Television, said: ""To secure such world-class coaches has been a coup for this show and the network. The mix of talent and unique format will, we

"I Wanna Be Sedated"
I Wanna Be Sedated ""I Wanna Be Sedated"" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones. It is one of the band's best known songs. It was originally released on their fourth album, ""Road to Ruin"", in September 1978 and was the B-side of the UK single ""She's the One"" released on September 21,1978. The song was later released as a single in the Netherlands in 1979, then in the U.S. in 1980 by RSO Records from the ""Times Square"" soundtrack album. ""I Wanna Be Sedated"" was written by Joey Ramone. In an interview about the song,

Joey explains the chorus: The music video for the song, directed by Bill Fishman, was released in September 1988 (About ten years after the song was originally released) to promote the compilation album ""Ramones Mania"". The iconic video features the Ramones sitting at a table (left to right: Johnny, Joey, Marky and Dee Dee), nonchalantly reading and eating corn flakes. Meanwhile, the background room erupts into a meeting place for nuns, acrobats, ballerinas, monsters, cheerleaders, clowns, doctors, fetish nurses, and smoking schoolgirls. The film is intentionally sped up to show the excitement of the background, while the band's actions are

in regular motion. This was achieved by having the band members move very slowly, while the crowd moved normally, and then speeding up the film. One of the video's characters is a young Courtney Love. ""I Wanna Be Sedated"" was number 145 on the ""Rolling Stone""'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Marky Ramone is the drummer on this track. In 1999, National Public Radio included the song in the ""NPR 100"", in which NPR's music editors sought to compile the one hundred most important American musical works of the 20th century. I Wanna Be Sedated ""I Wanna Be Sedated""

"Electronically Tested"
Electronically Tested Electronically Tested is the second album by Mungo Jerry. The UK release was on Dawn Records, and it appeared with slightly different track listings in other countries, as many territories outside the UK had already added the group’s first hit ""In The Summertime"" to the running order on the eponymous first album. All songs were written by the group's front man Ray Dorset, apart from an extended version of the Willie Dixon blues standard ""I Just Wanna Make Love To You"". In some other countries, pressings included the Paul King song, ""Black Bubonic Plague"", and the album was

"Rubberneckin'"
singles chart and stayed there for one week. It also hit the top 10 in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, but only managed to hit number 94 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. 2003 CD single Rubberneckin' ""Rubberneckin'"" is a song performed by Elvis Presley, which was recorded at American Sound Studio. It was used in the film ""Change of Habit"" and subsequently issued as the B-side of ""Don't Cry Daddy"" (RCA single 47-9768) in conjunction with the movie premiere. It reached number six in the United States on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in 1969. In 2003, Paul Oakenfold

"Be Stiff"
Be Stiff ""Be Stiff"" is the third single by American new wave band Devo, released in 1978. The song was taken from the sessions for """" produced by Brian Eno. Guitarist Bob Lewis wrote the music and came up with the title concept; bassist Jerry Casale penned the verses. With its stop-start rhythms and angular arrangement, ""Be Stiff"" exemplified Devo's stance against soft rock complacency. It became an anthem for Stiff Records, and a minor success in the UK. It was covered multiple times, including on a Stiff-released EP of their own artists's interpretations. It was performed in 1980 and

"Institutionalized (song)"
Institutionalized (song) ""Institutionalized"" is a song by American crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies. It was released in 1983 as the only single from their debut album, ""Suicidal Tendencies"". ""Institutionalized"" is one of the band's most popular songs and has remained a live staple since it was first played in 1982. The song was re-recorded on the band's 1993 album ""Still Cyco After All These Years""; this version was nominated for the Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1994, but lost to Ozzy Osbourne's live version of ""I Don't Want to Change the World"". The original version of the song was

"Trisha Covington"
Trisha Covington Trisha Covington (born in Cleveland, Ohio) is an African-American R&B singer who scored a top 40 R&B hit in 1994 in the U.S. ""Why You Wanna Play Me Out?"" Covington was signed to Columbia Records from 1994-1998. Her follow-up single, ""Slow Down,"" produced by Marc Nelson and Kyle West, was released in 1995, and reached No. 79 in the US. That year also saw the release of her debut album, ""Call Me"". In 2008, she appeared on Randy Jackson's compilation album ""Randy Jackson's Music Club, Volume One"", on the song ""What Am I So Afraid Of"" with Keke

"Date Rape (song)"
""Stories, Tales, Lies & Exaggerations"". The song also appeared on Fishbone's 2006 album ""Still Stuck in Your Throat"". Date Rape (song) ""Date Rape"" is a song by the band Sublime originally recorded for their 1992 debut album, ""40 Oz. to Freedom"". It was first released as a single in 1991, but did not become a hit until four years later, when the Los Angeles radio station KROQ began adding it into their playlists and it quickly became one of their most requested songs. Bradley Nowell explained, ""I've never raped anyone at least as far as I can remember. We were

to talk to a ""mental patient"" to which Jerry replies, ""My cousin Douglas was in a place like this, one time. He came over to my house for dinner, there was no soda, and he went berserk screaming, 'Where's the Pepsi?! Where's the Pepsi?!'."" Institutionalized (song) ""Institutionalized"" is a song by American crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies. It was released in 1983 as the only single from their debut album, ""Suicidal Tendencies"". ""Institutionalized"" is one of the band's most popular songs and has remained a live staple since it was first played in 1982. The song was re-recorded on the

"Hoot (novel)"
Hoot (novel) Hoot is a 2002 young adult novel by Carl Hiaasen. The setting takes place in Florida, where new arrival Roy makes two oddball friends and a bad enemy, and joins an effort to stop construction of a pancake house which would destroy a colony of burrowing owls who live on the site. The book won a Newbery Honor award in 2003. The main character Roy Eberhardt moves from Montana to Florida and into the town of Coconut Cove, where a 7th grader, Dana Matherson, starts bullying him. On the bus to school, Roy sees a boy running barefoot

Hobomok
in the ""North American Review"" called the story ""unnatural"" and ""revolting to every feeling of delicacy"". However, before too long (and partly due to Child's intervention in Boston literary circles), many prominent Bostonians celebrated the novel. Child was later active as an abolitionist, feminist and supporter of Native Americans. Hobomok is a work of historical fiction set in colonial New England. The events of the novel take place between 1629-1632 and concern the settlement of Plymouth and Salem, Massachusetts, by British-born Puritans, who are seeking religious freedom in the New World. The novel’s protagonist is a teenage girl named Mary

"Hoot (film)"
the judge due to lying down on the job after getting hit in the head with a coconut), the land becomes donated and turned into an animal sanctuary and the owls continue to live there, Curly and Kimberly leave Mother Paula's Pancake House to raise dogs, and Roy continues to be friends with Beatrice and Mullet Fingers. The principal filming locations were in Fort Lauderdale and Lauderdale by the Sea, on Florida's Atlantic Coast, and the Gulf Coast hamlet of Boca Grande on Gasparilla Island. Most of ""Hoot"" was shot in Florida between July 6, 2005 and September 2, 2005.

owl habitat from destruction. The habitat is located on the intended construction site of a pancake house. The developer of the project intends to proceed regardless of the environmental damage it would cause. ""Hoot"" features live burrowing owls and music by Jimmy Buffett. Buffett is also listed as a co-producer, and he played the role of Mr. Ryan, the science teacher. Middle school student Roy A. Eberhardt (Logan Lerman) and his family (Neil Flynn and Kiersten Warren) have just moved to Coconut Cove, Florida from Montana. But Roy is mercilessly teased and bullied at his new school by Dana Matherson

Hobomok
Hobomok Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times. is a novel by the nineteenth century American author and human rights campaigner Lydia Maria Child. Her first novel, published in 1824 under the pseudonym ""An American,"" was inspired by John G. Palfrey's article in the ""North American Review"". It is set during the late 1620s and 1630s. Among other themes, it relates the marriage of a recently immigrated white American woman, Mary Conant, to the eponymous Native American and her attempt to raise their son in white society. The subject of miscegenation being taboo, the book initially fared poorly. An early review

"John Steinbeck"
""East of Eden"" (1952), and the novellas ""Of Mice and Men"" (1937) and ""The Red Pony"" (1937). The Pulitzer Prize-winning ""The Grapes of Wrath"" (1939) is considered Steinbeck's masterpiece and part of the American literary canon. In the first 75 years after it was published, it sold 14 million copies. Most of Steinbeck's work is set in central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. His works frequently explored the themes of fate and injustice, especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists. Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. He was

The themes in the novel are friendship, teamwork, growing up, corruption, parental love, kinship, environmentalism and integrity. The character goes through different adventures to get here. A film adaptation of the book was released in May 2006, starring Luke Wilson as Officer Delinko, Logan Lerman as Roy Eberhart, Brie Larson as Beatrice Leep, Tim Blake Nelson as Leroy Brannit, Neil Flynn as Mr. Eberhart, Robert Wagner as Mayor Grandy, Cody Linley as Napoleon Leep, and Clark Gregg as Chuck Muckle. Hiaasen and Wil Shriner, the director and script-writer, ""fought long and hard to stay truthful to the book."" Hoot (novel)

"Westward Ho! (novel)"
in which the Spanish inland colonial city of Caracas in South America was captured and plundered by English privateers led by Amyas Preston and George Somers. Although originally a political radical, Kingsley had by the 1850s become increasingly conservative and a strong supporter of British imperialism. The novel consistently emphasises the superiority of English mercantile values over those of the Spanish. Although originally written for adults, its mixture of patriotism, sentiment and romance deemed it suitable for children, and it became a firm favourite of children's literature. A prominent theme of the novel is the 16th-century fear of Catholic domination,

Some new scenes were shot in Los Angeles on January 21, 2006. For example, the scene where Mullet Fingers leaps out of a tree after dropping a bulldozer seat was actually shot in Los Angeles. ""Hoot"" was shot during hurricane season, and the set did not escape Hurricane Katrina, which struck Southern Florida on August 25, 2005. Brie Larson and Cody Linley were moved from their beach-front hotel (Marriott Harbor Beach) to another hotel because of the storm. New Line and Walden Media pushed the film's initial release date of April 14, 2006 back to May 5, 2006, as only

"Beach Music (novel)"
with a sharp wit"". Some other (potentially controversial) themes in the novel include: Setting holds as much importance in ""Beach Music"" as its themes, or even the main character, Jack McCall. Pat Conroy acknowledged in an interview that the perception that he is “the product of a single landscape is actually false”. As a military kid, Conroy moved often and lived in Rome, Italy for three years before finding his longest lasting home in Beaufort, South Carolina. Both of these locales hold great significance for Jack McCall in ""Beach Music"". He runs from the traditions and his past in the

"Grace and Frankie"
second, third, and fourth seasons, also consisting of 13 episodes each, have been released on May 6, 2016, March 24, 2017, and January 19, 2018, respectively. Despite mixed reviews upon its debut, the series was met with a more positive critical reception towards its later seasons and has received several nominations, including five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. On February 15, 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which is set to premiere on January 18,

to star in the lead roles. The series was written and created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris, who also serve as executive producers alongside Fonda, Tomlin, Paula Weinstein and Tate Taylor, and Skydance Productions' Dana Goldberg, David Ellison and Marcy Ross. On May 26, 2015, Netflix renewed the series for a second season which premiered on May 6, 2016. On December 10, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on March 24, 2017. On April 12, 2017, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 19, 2018. On February 15,

Grace and Frankie Grace and Frankie is an American comedy web television series created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris for Netflix. The series stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin in the title roles of Grace and Frankie, two unlikely friends who are brought together after their husbands announce that they are in love with each other and plan to get married. Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, and Baron Vaughn co-star in supporting roles. It premiered on Netflix on May 8, 2015, with all 13 episodes of the first season released simultaneously. The

and Frankie. Production on season one of ""Grace and Frankie"" began in Los Angeles, California, in early August 2014, and ended in late November. Production on season two of the series began in July 2015, and ended in November the same year. The first season of ""Grace and Frankie"" received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 50%, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"Grace and Frankie""'s stellar cast adds an undeniable appeal, although its sloppy dialogue and clichéd sitcom setup will still leave most viewers

2019. The series follows septuagenarians Grace, a retired cosmetics mogul, and Frankie, a hippie art teacher, whose husbands, Robert and Sol, are successful divorce lawyers in San Diego. Grace and Frankie's lives are turned upside down when Robert and Sol announce that they are in love with each other and are leaving their wives. Now, the women, who have never particularly liked each other, are forced to live together and learn to unite and cope with difficulties. In March 2014, Netflix finalized a deal for a 13-episode straight-to-series order for ""Grace and Frankie"", with Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin attached

"Quantico (season 3)"
executive producer. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Yasmine Al Massri and Pearl Thusi would leave the series, and in June 2017, it was reported that Ellis and Tovey would not return as part of a creative overhaul. However, in August 2017, it was confirmed that Tovey would in fact be returning as a series regular. In late July 2017, Marlee Matlin joined the show as a series regular in the third season. She will play the role of ex-FBI agent, Jocelyn Turner. On November 21, 2017, it

season started on October 10, 2017. In March 2018, it was confirmed by showrunner Michael Seitzman that the last few episodes of the third season would be shot on location in Ireland. Filming for the third season ended on April 21, 2018. The third season received mixed feedback from critics, who were divided over its direction in comparison to the first season. The series premiere was poorly received. Despite praising the episode's action and pacing and its introduction of Marlee Matlin's character, Dishya Sharma of the ""International Business Times"" wrote that ""it leaves you asking for more"". ""The Quint""'s Dipti

Quantico (season 3) The third and final season of American drama thriller series ""Quantico"" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 26, 2018, and concluded on August 3, 2018. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. The third and final season consisted of thirteen episodes, down from the twenty-two episode count of the two previous seasons. The season aired on Thursdays in the United States at 10:00 pm. The show was cancelled on May 11, 2018, by

"Andi Mack"
Channel. The second season premiered on Disney Channel on October 27, 2017. On February 19, 2018, Disney Channel announced that ""Andi Mack"" had been renewed for a third season, with the cast informed about the renewal live on ""Good Morning America"" by the creator that day. The third season premiered on October 8, 2018. On November 13, 2018, it was announced that the series would be featuring a two-episode arc—""Cookie Monster"" and ""The New Girls""—revolving around gun safety and peer pressure. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Stoney Westmoreland was fired by Disney Channel and would no longer

"Continuum (season 3)"
2013. Season 3 premiered on March 16, 2014 on Showcase in Canada and on April 4, 2014 on the Syfy channel in the United States. The season began airing on January 28, 2015 on Syfy in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The third season of ""Continuum"" received a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 5 reviews. Continuum (season 3) The third season of the Showcase television series ""Continuum"" premiered on March 16, 2014 and concluded on June 22, 2014. The series was created by Simon Barry, and centers on Kiera Cameron (Rachel Nichols) as she travels back in

"Flag of Uruguay"
of Arms of Bolivia. During Spanish rule: Independence from Spain: Flag of Cisplatina, under Brazilian occupation between 1821 and 1825: Uruguayan independence: During the Great Siege of Montevideo (1843-1851) Uruguay had two parallel governments, with two different flags: Flag of Uruguay The national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay alongside with the Flag of Artigas and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between

Joaquín Suárez. The horizontal stripes on the flag represent the nine original departments of Uruguay, based on the U.S. flag, where the stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The first flag designed in 1828 had 9 light blue stripes; this number was reduced to 4 in 1830 due to visibility problems from distance. The Sun of May represents the May Revolution of 1810; according to the historian Diego Abad de Santillán, the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god of the Inca religion. It also appears in the Flag of Argentina and the Coat

Flag of Uruguay The national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay alongside with the Flag of Artigas and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on December 16, 1828, and had 19 stripes until July 11, 1830, when a new law reduced the number of stripes to nine. The flag was designed by

"Coat of arms of Uruguay"
Coat of arms of Uruguay The coat of arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829. It consists of an oval, which is divided into four equal sections and crowned by a rising golden sun, the “""Sun of May""”, symbolizing the rising of the Uruguayan nation. The oval is surrounded by a laurel branch on the left and an olive one on the right, representing honor and peace, joined at the bottom by a blue ribbon. In the upper left quarter there is a scale, symbol of equality and justice, set on a blue background. The

upper right quarter contains the ""Cerro de Montevideo"" (Montevideo Hill) with its fortress on the summit, which represents strength, on a silver background. In the lower left, also on a silver background, there is a galloping horse, symbolizing liberty. The lower right quarter holds an ox, which is a symbol of abundance, on a blue background. Coat of arms of Uruguay The coat of arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829. It consists of an oval, which is divided into four equal sections and crowned by a rising golden sun, the “""Sun of May""”, symbolizing

"Flag of Argentina"
Spanish word (sky blue) is used to describe the colour of the blue stripes. The sun is called the Sun of May because it is a replica of an engraving on the first Argentine coin, approved in 1813, whose value was eight ""escudos"" (one Spanish dollar). It has 16 straight and 16 waved sunbeams. In 1978 the sun color was specified to be golden yellow (), to have an inner diameter of 10 cm, and an outer diameter of 25 cm (the diameter of the sun equals the height of the white stripe. The sun's face is of its height).

"Flag of Brazil"
Flag of Brazil The flag of Brazil (), known in Portuguese as A Auriverde (The Yellow-and-green One), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto """"Ordem e Progresso"""" (""Order and Progress""), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field. Brazil officially adopted this design for its national flag on November 19, 1889 — four days after the Proclamation of the Republic, to replace the flag of the Empire of Brazil. The concept was the work of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, with the collaboration of Miguel Lemos,

and black the Africans. Flag of Brazil The flag of Brazil (), known in Portuguese as A Auriverde (The Yellow-and-green One), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto """"Ordem e Progresso"""" (""Order and Progress""), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field. Brazil officially adopted this design for its national flag on November 19, 1889 — four days after the Proclamation of the Republic, to replace the flag of the Empire of Brazil. The concept was the work of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, with the

proportions are 9:14, and its official size is 0.9 by 1.4 meters. It features three stripes alternating sky blue, white and sky blue. Each stripe is 30 centimeters high. In the center stripe there is an emblem known as the Sun of May (), a golden sun. Historian Diego Abad de Santillán claimed that the Sun of May was a representation of the Inca sun god Inti. Flags with proportions of 1:2 and 2:3 are also in use. The colors are officially defined using the CIE 1976 standard: The following are given for computer, textile, print and plastic use: The

Brazilian states and the Federal District. The constellation of the Southern Cross is on the meridian (indicated by the number 6 in the diagram). To the south of it is Polaris Australis (Sigma Octantis, numbered 7), representing the Federal District. The motto appears on a band roughly coincident with the ecliptic. A single star lies above the band, representing the large northern state of Pará, which straddles the equator. The stars depicted on the flag and the states they represent are: The flag's colours are not accurately specified in any legal document. Approximate colours are listed below: The federal law

"American Revolutionary War"
effort with the committee known as ""Board of War and Ordnance"", succeeded by the Board of War in July 1777, a committee which eventually included members of the military. The command structure of the armed forces was a hodgepodge of Congressional appointees (and Congress sometimes made those appointments without Washington's input) with state-appointments filling the lower ranks. The results of his general staff were mixed, as some of his favorites never mastered the art of command, such as John Sullivan. Eventually, he found capable officers such as Nathanael Greene, Daniel Morgan, Henry Knox (chief of artillery), and Alexander Hamilton (chief

size that could be most effectively controlled (the very different perspective of mass conscript armies came later, during the French Revolutionary and then the Napoleonic Wars), the largest army that Frederick the Great ever led into battle was 65,000 men (at Prague in 1757), and at other times he commanded between 23,000 and 50,000 men, considering the latter the most effective number. General Washington assumed main five main roles during the war. First, he designed the overall strategy of the war, in cooperation with Congress. The goal was always independence. When France entered the war, he worked closely with the

"Continental Army"
George Washington as Commander-in-Chief, who accepted and served throughout the war without any compensation except for reimbursement of expenses. On July 18, 1775, the Congress requested all colonies form militia companies from ""all able bodied effective men, between sixteen and fifty years of age."" It was not uncommon for men younger than sixteen to enlist as most colonies had no requirement of parental consent for those under twenty-one (adulthood). Four major-generals (Artemas Ward, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Israel Putnam) and eight brigadier-generals (Seth Pomeroy, Richard Montgomery, David Wooster, William Heath, Joseph Spencer, John Thomas, John Sullivan, and Nathanael Greene)

"British Army during the American Revolutionary War"
direction of the British war effort ultimately fell to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville. Despite holding no formal position in the army, he appointed or relieved generals, took care of provisions and supplies, and directed much of the strategic planning. While some historians argue Sackville carried out his role effectively, even brilliantly, others have argued he made several miscalculations and struggled to hold genuine authority over his subordinates in the army. In 1776, there were 119 generals of various grades in the British Army. However, since generals never retired, perhaps a third of

of Concord, Bennington and Saratoga, and the siege of Boston. Both sides used partisan warfare but the Americans effectively suppressed Loyalist activity when British regulars were not in the area. Seeking to coordinate military efforts, the Continental Congress established a regular army on June 14, 1775, and appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief. The development of the Continental Army was always a work in progress, and Washington used both his regulars and state militia throughout the war. Three current branches of the United States Military trace their institutional roots to the American Revolutionary War; the United States Army comes from the

Continental Army The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the ex-British colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and volunteer troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war. Most of

"Continental Congress"
Congress. The Confederation Congress finally set up a suitable administrative structure for the Federal government. It put into operation a departmental system, with ministers of finance, of war, and of foreign affairs. Robert Morris was selected as the new Superintendent of Finance, and then Morris used some ingenuity and initiative—along with a loan from the French Government—to deal with his empty treasury and also runaway inflation, for a number of years, in the supply of paper money. As the ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin not only secured the ""bridge loan"" for the national budget, but he also persuaded France to

"Samuel Adams"
the two men. The Continental Congress worked under a secrecy rule, so Adams's precise role in congressional deliberations is not fully documented. He appears to have had a major influence, working behind the scenes as a sort of ""parliamentary whip"" and Thomas Jefferson credits Samuel Adams—the lesser-remembered Adams—with steering the Congress toward independence, saying, ""If there was any Palinurus to the Revolution, Samuel Adams was the man."" He served on numerous committees, often dealing with military matters. Among his more noted acts, Adams nominated George Washington to be commander in chief over the Continental Army. Adams was a cautious advocate

were appointed by the Second Continental Congress in the course of a few days. After Pomeroy did not accept, John Thomas was appointed in his place. As the Continental Congress increasingly adopted the responsibilities and posture of a legislature for a sovereign state, the role of the Continental Army became the subject of considerable debate. Some Americans had a general aversion to maintaining a standing army; but on the other hand the requirements of the war against the British required the discipline and organization of a modern military. As a result, the army went through several distinct phases, characterized by

"History of the United States (1776–1789)"
July 1777, a committee which eventually included members of the military. The command structure of the armed forces was a hodgepodge of Congressional appointees (and Congress sometimes made those appointments without Washington's input) with state-appointments filling the lower ranks. The results of his general staff were mixed, as some of his favorites never mastered the art of command, such as John Sullivan. Eventually, he found capable officers such as Nathanael Greene, Daniel Morgan, Henry Knox (chief of artillery), and Alexander Hamilton (chief of staff). The American officers never equaled their opponents in tactics and maneuver, and they lost most of

"History of Hong Kong"
By the early 19th century, the British Empire trade was heavily dependent upon the importation of tea from China. While the British exported to China luxury items like clocks and watches, there remained an overwhelming imbalance in trade. China developed a strong demand for silver, which was a difficult commodity for the British to come by in large quantities. The counterbalance of trade came with exports of opium to China, opium being legal in Britain and grown in significant quantities in the UK and later in far greater quantities in India. A Chinese commissioner Lin Zexu voiced to Queen Victoria

"British Hong Kong"
In the Treaty of Tientsin, the Chinese accepted British demands to open more ports, navigate the Yangtze River, legalise the opium trade and have diplomatic representation in Beijing. During the conflict, the British occupied the Kowloon Peninsula, where the flat land was valuable training and resting ground. The area in what is now south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island was ceded in the Convention of Peking. In 1898, the British sought to extend Hong Kong for defence. After negotiations began in April 1898, with the British Minister in Beijing, Sir Claude MacDonald, representing Britain, and diplomat Li Hongzhang leading

British Hong Kong British Hong Kong denotes the period during which Hong Kong was governed as a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom. Excluding the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Hong Kong was under British rule from 1841 to 1997. The colonial period began with the occupation of Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War. The island was ceded by Qing China in the aftermath of the war in 1842 and established as a Crown colony in 1843. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War

the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War. On 20 January, Elliot announced ""the conclusion of preliminary arrangements"", which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and its harbour to the British Crown. Elliot chose Hong Kong instead of Chusan because he believed a settlement further east would cause an ""indefinite protraction of hostilities"", whereas Hong Kong's harbour was a valuable base for the British trading community in Canton. British rule began with the occupation of the island on 26 January. Commodore Gordon Bremer, commander-in-chief of British forces in China, took formal possession of the island at Possession Point,

that the Chinese should be made to pay for the destruction of British property, either by the threat or use of force. An expeditionary force was placed under Elliot and his cousin, Rear-Admiral George Elliot, as joint plenipotentiaries in 1840. Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston stressed to the Chinese government that the British government did not question China's right to prohibit opium, but it objected to the way this was handled. He viewed the sudden strict enforcement as laying a trap for the foreign traders, and the confinement of the British with supplies cut off was tantamount to starving them into

submission or death. He instructed the Elliot cousins to occupy one of the Chusan islands, to present a letter from himself to a Chinese official for the Emperor, then to proceed to the Gulf of Bohai for a treaty, and if the Chinese resisted, blockade the key ports of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers. Palmerston demanded a territorial base in Chusan for trade so that British merchants ""may not be subject to the arbitrary caprice either of the Government of Peking, or its local Authorities at the Sea-Ports of the Empire"". In 1841, Elliot negotiated with Lin's successor, Qishan, in

centre for international trade. In the colony's first decade, the revenue from the opium trade was a key source of government funds. The importance of opium reduced over time, but the colonial government was dependent on its revenues until the Japanese occupation in 1941. Although the largest businesses in the early colony were operated by British, American, and other expatriates, Chinese workers provided the bulk of the manpower to build a new port city. By the late 1980s, many ethnic Chinese people had become major business figures in Hong Kong. Amongst these billionaires was Sir Ka-shing Li, who had become

where the Union Jack was raised under a ""feu de joie"" from the marines and a royal salute from the warships. Hong Kong was ceded in the Treaty of Nanking on 29 August 1842 and established as a Crown colony after ratification was exchanged on 26 June 1843. The treaty failed to satisfy British expectations of a major expansion of trade and profit, which led to increasing pressure for a revision of the terms. In October 1856, Chinese authorities in Canton detained the ""Arrow"", a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong to enjoy protection of the British flag. The Consul

"Hong Kong"
territory's first higher-education institute. Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. At the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared Hong Kong a neutral zone to safeguard its status as a free port. The colonial government prepared for a possible attack, evacuating all British women and children in 1940. The Imperial Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, the same morning as its attack on Pearl Harbor. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan for almost four years before Britain

1899. In 1941, during the Second World War, the British reached an agreement with the Chinese government under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek that if Japan attacked Hong Kong, the Chinese National Army would attack the Japanese from the rear to relieve pressure on the British garrison. On 8 December, the Battle of Hong Kong began when Japanese air bombers effectively destroyed British air power in one attack. Two days later, the Japanese breached the Gin Drinkers Line in the New Territories. The British commander, Major-General Christopher Maltby, concluded that the island could not be defended for long unless he withdrew his

"Mike Peterson"
Mike Peterson Porter Michael Peterson (born June 17, 1976) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the outside linebackers coach at the University of South Carolina. Peterson played college football at the University of Florida, where he was a member of a national championship team and earned All-American honors. He was a second-round pick in the 1999 NFL Draft and played professionally for thirteen seasons with the Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars and Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. Peterson was born in Gainesville, Florida in 1976. He attended Santa Fe High School in nearby Alachua,

"Todd Peterson"
Todd Peterson Joseph Todd Peterson (born February 4, 1970) is a retired American football placekicker. He was drafted by the New York Giants from the University of Georgia with the ninth pick of the seventh round (177th overall) in the 1993 NFL Draft. Peterson last played with the Atlanta Falcons in 2005. His contract with the Falcons expired on March 11, 2006 and he retired after that season. He and his wife, Susan, are co-owners of Cabell's Designs LLC, with Cabell Sweeney. Cabell's is a design and licensing group focusing on collegiately licensed products in the giftware industry. Peterson spent

"Doug Brown (gridiron football)"
Doug Brown (gridiron football) Douglas Gordon ""Doug"" Brown (born September 29, 1974) is a retired National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL) defensive tackle. He played college football at Simon Fraser University. Brown won the CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award in 2001. He played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 2001 until his retirement in 2011, competing in three Grey Cups: 2001, 2007, and 2011. He was a CFL All-Star eight times. Brown was drafted by the Calgary Stampeders 5th overall in the 1997 CFL draft. However, he did not play a game with them and signed with

"Julian Peterson"
Julian Peterson Julian Thomas Peterson (born July 28, 1978) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football for Michigan State University. Peterson also played for the Seattle Seahawks and the Detroit Lions. Peterson attended Crossland High School in Temple Hills, Maryland. He was the 1996 Chesapeake Classic MVP. Peterson attended Valley Forge Military Academy and College for two years before attending Michigan State. In two seasons at Valley Forge, he

career. Todd Peterson Joseph Todd Peterson (born February 4, 1970) is a retired American football placekicker. He was drafted by the New York Giants from the University of Georgia with the ninth pick of the seventh round (177th overall) in the 1993 NFL Draft. Peterson last played with the Atlanta Falcons in 2005. His contract with the Falcons expired on March 11, 2006 and he retired after that season. He and his wife, Susan, are co-owners of Cabell's Designs LLC, with Cabell Sweeney. Cabell's is a design and licensing group focusing on collegiately licensed products in the giftware industry. Peterson

"Cal Peterson"
Cal Peterson Calvin Elston Peterson (born October 6, 1952) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Kansas City Chiefs and Los Angeles Raiders. He played college football at UCLA. Peterson prepped at Los Angeles High School, before moving on to UCLA, where he played the ""loose"" defensive end position and was a three-year starter. Peterson was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (72nd overall) of the 1974 NFL Draft, with the intention of converting him to an outside linebacker. As a rookie, his speed allowed

Lions for defensive tackle Cory Redding and a 2009 fifth-round pick on March 14, 2009. On January 5, 2011, Peterson was given his release by the Lions. Key Peterson is married to wife Aimee and has two sons, Jayson and Jadden. Julian Peterson Julian Thomas Peterson (born July 28, 1978) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football for Michigan State University. Peterson also played for the Seattle Seahawks and

"Patrick Peterson"
Patrick Peterson Patrick De'mon Peterson Jr. (born July 11, 1990) is an American football cornerback for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Louisiana State University (LSU), where he won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in the country, the Jim Thorpe Award as the best defensive back, and was unanimously recognized as an All-American. He was selected fifth overall by the Cardinals in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft. Peterson has been invited to the Pro Bowl in each of his first eight seasons in the NFL.

"Doug Davis (American football)"
Doug Davis (American football) Douglas Sherone Davis (July 2, 1944 – February 10, 2011) was a professional American football tackle for seven seasons for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League. He was born July 2, 1944 in Elkton, Md. and was the son of Newton and Grace Reynolds Davis. He married to Roberta () and had a son Brian Davis. His siblings include (sisters) Christine Thomas, Bertha (Lowell) Kennedy,Nancy (James) Griffith, Brothers Larry (Phyllis) Davis, Kenneth Davis, Earnst (Brenda) Davis. Doug graduated from Centerburg High School in Central Ohio in 1962 and continued his education at the University

captain in 1998, he was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection and a first-team All-American, and was selected as the Gators' most valuable player by his teammates. Peterson was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a ""Gator Great"" in 2011. The Indianapolis Colts selected Peterson in the second round (thirty-sixth pick overall) of the 1999 NFL Draft, and he played for the Colts for four seasons from to . Peterson also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars for the six seasons from to when he and coach Jack del Rio had a verbal altercation during a

Creatine
phosphocreatine (PCr) to generate ATP. It follows that ATP, not PCr is directly consumed in muscle contraction. CK uses creatine to ""buffer"" the ATP/ADP ratio. Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and

Creatine
than non-vegetarians, as expected since vegetables are not a primary source of creatine. However, subjects happened to show the same levels after using supplements. Creatine, which is synthesized in the liver and kidneys, is transported through the blood and taken up by tissues with high energy demands, such as the brain and skeletal muscle, through an active transport system. The concentration of ATP in skeletal muscle is usually 2–5 mM, which would result in a muscle contraction of only a few seconds. During times of increased energy demands, the phosphagen (or ATP/PCr) system rapidly resynthesizes ATP from ADP with the

Creatinine
Creatinine Creatinine ( or ; from ) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of renal health because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Creatinine itself is produced via a biological system involving creatine, phosphocreatine (also known as creatine phosphate), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP, the body's immediate energy supply). Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine (guanidino acetate,

Creatine
Creatine Creatine ( or is an organic compound with the nominal formula (HN)(HN)CN(CH)CHCOH. This species exists in various modifications (tautomers) in solution. Creatine is found in vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, primarily in muscle and brain tissue. Recycling is achieved by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) back to ATP via donation of phosphate groups. Creatine also acts as a buffer. In 1912, Harvard University researchers Otto Folin and Willey Glover Denis found evidence that ingesting creatine can dramatically boost the creatine content of the muscle. In the late 1920s, after finding

Creatine
the evidence did not provide a reliable foundation for treatment decisions, due to risk of bias, small sample sizes, and the short duration of trials. Creatine Creatine ( or is an organic compound with the nominal formula (HN)(HN)CN(CH)CHCOH. This species exists in various modifications (tautomers) in solution. Creatine is found in vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, primarily in muscle and brain tissue. Recycling is achieved by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) back to ATP via donation of phosphate groups. Creatine also acts as a buffer. In 1912, Harvard University researchers Otto

synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-adenosyl methionine. It is then transported through blood to the other organs, muscle, and brain, where, through phosphorylation, it becomes the high-energy compound phosphocreatine. Creatine conversion to phosphocreatine is catalyzed by creatine kinase; spontaneous formation of creatinine occurs during the reaction. Creatinine is removed from the blood chiefly by the kidneys, primarily by glomerular filtration, but also by proximal tubular secretion. Little or no tubular reabsorption of creatinine occurs. If the filtration in the kidney is deficient, creatinine blood levels rise. Therefore, creatinine levels in blood and urine

Phosphocreatine
Creatine phosphate can be broken down into creatinine, which is then excreted in the urine. A 70-kg man contains around 120g of creatine, with 40% being the unphosphorylated form and 60% as creatine phosphate. Of that amount, 1–2% is broken down and excreted each day as creatinine. Phosphocreatine is used intravenously in hospitals in some parts of the world for cardiovascular problems under the name Neoton, and also used by some professional athletes, as it is not a controlled substance. Phosphocreatine can anaerobically donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during the first two to seven seconds following

Dahlem, Berlin, contributed to the understanding of the phosphocreatine's role in the cell. Phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell. In the kidneys, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of two amino acids — arginine and glycine — into guanidinoacetate (also called glycocyamine or GAA), which is then transported in the blood to the liver. A methyl group is added to GAA from the amino acid

Creatine
use of phosphocreatine (PCr) through a reversible reaction with the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). In skeletal muscle, PCr concentrations may reach 20–35 mM or more. Additionally, in most muscles, the ATP regeneration capacity of CK is very high and is therefore not a limiting factor. Although the cellular concentrations of ATP are small, changes are difficult to detect because ATP is continuously and efficiently replenished from the large pools of PCr and CK. Creatine has the ability to increase muscle stores of PCr, potentially increasing the muscle’s ability to resynthesize ATP from ADP to meet increased energy demands. Genetic deficiencies

"Jennifer Jareau"
homicide, who lured Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia onto a date, and then shot her, in an attempt to keep his crimes from being discovered). During season six, JJ is given a promotion to the Pentagon; however, she returns in season seven as a full-time profiler, having received the necessary training. In season 9 (""200""), she is then kidnapped, and it is revealed that her year as the DOD Liaison at the Pentagon was a cover story. It turns out she was on a task force in Afghanistan, in search for Bin Laden. The team saves her, and in season 10,

the attack on her convoy, and asks him to keep it between them. The season seven premiere reveals that JJ has returned to the Behavioral Analysis Unit, having received the training to become a full-time profiler, instead of the Media Liaison, a position which has been split between Hotch and Garcia. She is initially against summoning Prentiss ""back from the dead,"" but Hotch insists on telling the team the truth. Also, she learns Reid is emotionally hurt by her deception, as she knew he cried for ten weeks after losing Prentiss and she never said a word, and Reid revealed

she had pushed for fail and discovered one of the task force's informants dead. In February 2011, while overseas, she discovered that she was pregnant. However, in April 2011, following the events of ""Lauren"", during an attack on the task force, she was wounded and miscarried the baby. She didn't initially tell Will of the pregnancy, and it remained a secret between her and Cruz. In ""The Forever People"", when she starts showing signs of PTSD, Reid calls her on it, and he tries to help her and talk to her. She eventually admits she had a miscarriage due to

hid the offers from her superiors. However, she is finally forced to transfer by ""the brass"". JJ's departure reflects that Cook was let go at the beginning of season six, for financial reasons relating to the premiere of the spin-off """". JJ's time at the Pentagon was revealed in depth in season nine. Cook later returned for the departure of Paget Brewster (Agent Emily Prentiss). In the episode titled ""Lauren"", JJ receives a call and returns to help the BAU find Emily and capture Ian Doyle. The episode ends with Emily presumed dead after being stabbed with a broken chair

a serial killer presumed dead following Hurricane Katrina resurfaces. It is revealed the following season that he and JJ had been seeing each other for the past year but kept it a secret as she wanted to keep her personal life away from the prying eyes of her colleagues, which Will initially misunderstood as her being ashamed of their relationship. When she finally reveals their relationship by kissing him goodbye in her office with the blinds open, it is apparent that her colleagues already knew about them. In ""The Crossing"", JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child.

married to Detective William ""Will"" LaMontagne. They have two sons Henry and Michael. As of season 13 she and Matt Simmons are the only members of the BAU who are married with children. Prior to her courtship and marriage to Will, JJ displayed little interest in dating. She once went on a date with Spencer Reid to a Washington Redskins game, but little came of it romantically, although the two became very good friends. In the season 2 episode ""Jones"", JJ first meets William ""Will"" LaMontagne, Jr. a NOPD detective whom the team worked with while in New Orleans after

he considered taking Dilaudid again. In season nine, the events during her departure in 2010–11 returned when Mateo Cruz was promoted to Section Chief. In ""The Road Home"", while waiting to meet Cruz, she is suddenly kidnapped. In ""200"", it is revealed that she was kidnapped by a man named Tivon Askari, who was a traitor in the task force, in order to access files from her mission in the Middle East. She was held hostage alongside Cruz and was tortured into giving up the code. She discovered that Askari was not working alone when he mentioned her miscarriage, revealing

leg in the stomach. It is later revealed that Emily is alive and in Paris with JJ's help, providing her passports from three different countries and a bank account in each ""to keep her comfortable"". In the season six finale, JJ returns in order to tell David Rossi that she is ""coming back"". In ""200"", it was revealed that JJ's transfer was a backstop and that she was actually put on a task force in the Middle East with Mateo Cruz (who later became the section chief of the BAU following Strauss's death). During this time, she witnessed a mission

"Criminal Minds (season 11)"
Hewitt left the show because of her pregnancy, and her character Kate Callahan, handed in her resignation at the end of the season ten finale, due to her pregnancy and decision to devote the next year to her baby. It was announced that Aisha Tyler will replace Hewitt in a recurring role as Dr. Tara Lewis. A.J. Cook revealed herself to be pregnant, and it was later revealed in the tenth-season finale that her character Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau was also pregnant. She did not appear in the first six episodes (except the season premiere). Showrunner Erica Messer expressed her desire

to Jimmy's job as Ducky's assistant in the autopsy room) and ""Tibbs"" as in love with a Lt. Col. (mirroring Gibbs' brief relationship with Lt Col Hollis Mann). Unimpressed, Tony and Ziva subject McGee to relentless teasing and tormenting for the rest of the episode. Jimmy especially disliked his portrayal and refuses to give McGee a ride back to NCIS headquarters. In season 1, in ""Sub Rosa"", McGee went out on a lunch date with Abigail ""Abby"" Sciuto. In the Season 11 premiere, McGee began dating Delilah Fielding (Margo Harshman), a Department of Defense ""cryptologist in a dark office"" the

"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old. The book was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Bloomsbury. In 1998, it was published in the United States by Scholastic Corporation under the title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. It won most of the British book awards that were judged by children and other awards in the US. The book reached the top of the ""New York Times"" list of best-selling fiction in August 1999 and stayed near the top of that list for much of 1999 and 2000. It has

family throughout the series, and in his treatment of first Rubeus Hagrid and later Remus Lupin and Sirius Black as father-figures. The second book, ""Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"", was originally published in the UK on July 2, 1998 and later, in the US on June 2, 1999. ""Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban"" was then published a year later in the UK on July 8, 1999 and in the US on September 8, 1999. ""Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire"" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. ""Harry

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling. The first novel in the ""Harry Potter"" series and Rowling's debut novel, it follows Harry Potter, a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage on his eleventh birthday, when he receives a letter of acceptance to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry makes close friends and a few enemies during his first year at the school, and with the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed

plume"" J.K. Rowling just before publication. In June 1997, Bloomsbury published ""Philosopher's Stone"" with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, three hundred of which were distributed to libraries. Her original name, ""Joanne Rowling"", can be found in small print on the copyright page of this first British edition. (The 1998 first American edition would remove reference to ""Joanne"" completely.) The short initial print run was standard for first novels, and Cunningham hoped booksellers would read the book and recommend it to customers. Examples from this initial print run have sold for as much as US$33,460 in a 2007

"Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone"
Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone is the ninth of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Max McCoy, the author of this book, also wrote three of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Published on April 1, 1995, it is preceded by ""Indiana Jones and the White Witch"" and followed by ""Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs"". Indiana Jones hunts down an English alchemist, a Renaissance scholar and a stolen manuscript containing the great alchemical secrets of immortality and transmuting base metals to gold. The book was published only in paperback

also a map, leading readers into the desert and the most ancient and magnificent crypt in the world, where Indiana Jones will either witness an astounding miracle of alchemy, or become the tomb's next inhabitant. Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone is the ninth of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Max McCoy, the author of this book, also wrote three of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Published on April 1, 1995, it is preceded by ""Indiana Jones and the White Witch"" and followed by ""Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur

as Dumbledore and of foreign actors as characters of the same nationalities in later books. After extensive casting, filming began in September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and in London, with production ending in July 2001. ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" was released in London on 14 November 2001. Reviewers' comments were positive, as reflected by an 80% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and by a score of 64% at Metacritic, representing ""generally favourable reviews"". Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts, that were loosely based on the film and

In 2003, the novel was listed at number 22 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year and the Booksellers' Association / ""Bookseller"" Author of the Year. By March 1999 UK editions had sold just over 300,000 copies, and the story was still the UK's best-selling title in December 2001. A Braille edition was published in May 1998 by the Scottish Braille Press. Platform, from which the Hogwarts Express left London, was commemorated in

"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)"
The film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and United States on 16 November 2001. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $974.8 million at the box office worldwide. The highest-grossing film of 2001, it is the 37th highest-grossing of all-time (2nd at the time of its release) and the second most successful instalment of the ""Harry Potter"" series behind ""Deathly Hallows – Part 2"". The film was nominated for many awards, including Academy Awards for Best Original Score, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. It was followed by seven sequels, beginning with ""Harry Potter and

Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"" is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on June 21, 2003. ""Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"" was published on July 16, 2005 and sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release. The seventh and final novel, ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"", was published on July 21, 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and

"The Darling Buds of May (TV series)"
The Darling Buds of May (TV series) The Darling Buds of May is an English comedy drama television series, produced by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network, first broadcast between 7 April 1991 and 4 April 1993. It is an adaptation of the 1958 novel of the same name, and its sequels, by H. E. Bates. Set in rural 1950s Kent, it follows the life of the Larkin family. It starred David Jason as ""Pop"" Larkin alongside Pam Ferris as ""Ma"" Larkin, with Catherine Zeta-Jones playing their eldest daughter Mariette, who marries tax inspector Cedric ""Charlie"" Charlton, played by Philip

all twenty episodes, while Zeta-Jones and Franks appeared in eighteen, their only absences being in the third series' double episode ""Cast Not Your Pearls Before Swine"" (3.3 & 3.4). The actors playing the other Larkin children and grandchild were as below (listed in descending character age). All the children except those yet to be born appeared in the first episode. After appearing in the first six episodes, the actor playing Primrose was replaced, the second appearing from the seventh episode (the first Christmas special) onwards. The actors playing the roles of Oscar and John Blenheim first appear in episodes 1.5

Franks. A ratings success, it proved to be Zeta-Jones's breakout role. Featuring a total of 20 episodes, it was broadcast as three series of six double-episode story lines in the spring of 1991, 1992 and 1993, plus two single-episode Christmas specials aired in 1991 and 1992. The title is from the third line of Shakespeare's sonnet 18. The Larkin family lives on a farm in rural England, in the county of Kent. Sidney (""Pop"") and his common law wife Florence (""Ma"") have six children, eldest daughter Mariette, followed by their only son Montgomery, and other daughters Primrose, twins Zinnia and

on to Executive Produce the show, alongside Vernon Lawrence of Yorkshire Television. Bates had originally considered Bob Hoskins as ideal for the role of Pop, but Lawrence was of the view his increasing fame as a film actor would create problems. Jason was cast first, followed by Ferris and Franks. Finding an actor to fit with the novel's description of Mariette as a black-haired and olive-skinned beauty proved difficult, with over 300 rejected until Zeta-Jones was cast. With filming due to start, she had been spotted appearing in ""42nd Street"" at the Drury Lane Theatre. Each one-hour episode took two

1996. In May 2011 a stage production of the series was put on at Buss Farm. The Darling Buds of May (TV series) The Darling Buds of May is an English comedy drama television series, produced by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network, first broadcast between 7 April 1991 and 4 April 1993. It is an adaptation of the 1958 novel of the same name, and its sequels, by H. E. Bates. Set in rural 1950s Kent, it follows the life of the Larkin family. It starred David Jason as ""Pop"" Larkin alongside Pam Ferris as ""Ma"" Larkin, with Catherine

and 2.1, respectively. Although a male character, John Blenheim was played by Daisy-May Bates, granddaughter of the author of the books. Various other actors appeared in more than one storyline, i.e. in more than one double episode. Having been sold to MGM films in 1959, it wasn't until 1989 that Richard Bates, son of the author of the original books H. E. Bates, was able to purchase the rights to the novels. At the same time, Yorkshire Television were looking for a new project for David Jason, having starred for them in ""A Bit of a Do"". Richard Bates went

in series one reveals her middle name to be Jane. Mariette and Charlie continue the family penchant for elaborate naming by christening their son John Marlborough Churchill Blenheim. The first episode was transmitted on the ITV channel at 8pm on a Sunday night. When the series was first released on video, it sold £1m worth of copies in the first four days. DVD releases: Note: The 2008 and 2011 DVD sets from ITV Studios list that there are 11 episodes; this is due to the fact that all episodes in series 1–3 (not including the specials) contain two parts making

Petunia, and Victoria. Ma is a housewife while Pop supplements his farm income with various other not entirely legitimate enterprises. Tax collector Cedric (""Charlie"") visits to audit Pop, but falls in love with Mariette and quits his job to live the rural life. As Ma and Pop raise their other children, Charlie attempts to provide for his now wife Mariette. Ma and Pop soon have a seventh child, Oscar, followed around a year later by Charlie and Mariette's first baby, John Blenheim. Pop and Ma's relationship is depicted as loving and affectionate throughout, although Pop is flirtatious and subject to

Originally a short story, he expanded it into a novel, followed by a further four books, the titles of the first four of which were used as episode titles for the TV series: The first novel in the series was originally adapted to the screen in 1959 as ""The Mating Game"", starring Debbie Reynolds and Tony Randall as Mariette and Charley. The fifth novel, ""A Little of What You Fancy?"", was never adapted for television, but it was adapted into a six-part series by Eric Pringle for BBC Radio, with Jason and Ferris reprising their roles, first airing in February

series was the Larkin family's habit of giving their children unusual or themed first and middle names. Mariette was created by combining 'Marie' and 'Antoinette'. Montgomery was named after wartime officer Field Marshall Montgomery. Victoria was named for being born during the plum season (Victoria plum). While Monty and Victoria have no middle names, the other children have several: Primrose Violet Anemone Iris Magnolia Narcissa, twins Petunia June Florence Nightingale and Zinnia June Florence Nightingale, and Oscar Columbus Septimus Dupont, the last one being in tribute to the French hotellier Madamoiselle Dupont, who features in the series. Mariette's wedding ceremony

"Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics"
Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side

"Freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics"
Freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics Freestyle skiing has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the 1992 Winter Games in Albertville, France. Freestyle skiing was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics, with moguls, aerials, and ballet events. Moguls became an official medal sport at the 1992 games, while aerials and ballet were still demonstration events. At the 1994 games, aerials also became an official medal event and the ski ballet competition was dropped. For the 2010 Winter Olympics, ski cross was added to the program while for the 2014 Winter Olympics half-pipe and slopestyle were added.

"Half-pipe skiing"
Half-pipe skiing Half-pipe skiing is the sport of riding snow skis on a half-pipe. Competitors perform a series of tricks while going down the pipe. The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard, with . The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports, and helmets are required to be worn during competitions. Half-pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002, and made its Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. David Wise of the United States of America became the first Olympic champion

in this discipline with a total of 92.00 points. Half-pipe skiing was formally endorsed by the International Ski Federation in June 2010, and was approved by the International Olympic Committee in April 2011 to be an official sport 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It has been a part of the Winter Dew Tour, the World Skiing Invitational, and the inaugural 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. The current world record for the highest half-pipe ski jump was set in 2015, and is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard with 26 feet and 3 inches (8.00 metres). Superpipe skiing is an alternate

ski-resorts from injury-related lawsuits. Half-pipe skiing Half-pipe skiing is the sport of riding snow skis on a half-pipe. Competitors perform a series of tricks while going down the pipe. The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard, with . The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports, and helmets are required to be worn during competitions. Half-pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002, and made its Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. David Wise of the United States of America became

"Freestyle skiing"
sport in 1979 and brought in new regulations regarding certification of athletes and jump techniques in an effort to curb the dangerous elements of the competitions. The first FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was staged in 1980 and the first FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships took place in 1986 in Tignes, France. Freestyle skiing was a demonstration event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Mogul skiing was added as an official medal event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, and the aerials event was added for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. In 2011, the International Olympic Committee

form of half-pipe skiing that utilizes a superpipe (large halfpipe used in extreme sports), instead of a half-pipe. It has been a part of the Winter X Games since 2002. The 2012 Winter X Games champion was David Wise with a high score of 93.00. Half-pipe skiing is considered to be a dangerous sport compared to other forms of skiing. In January 2012, Sarah Burke died due to injuries suffered during a training accident. Helmets are required during competition, and there are airbags on the sides of pipes during practice runs. Colorado governor Bill Owens signed a law which protected

Biathlon
were first allowed in the Olympic biathlon. The competitions from 1958 to 1965 used high-power centerfire cartridges, such as the .30-06 Springfield and the 7.62×51mm NATO, before the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge was standardized in 1978. The ammunition was carried in a belt worn around the competitor's waist. The sole event was the men's 20 km individual, encompassing four separate ranges and firing distances of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m. The target distance was reduced to 150 m with the addition of the relay in 1966. The shooting range was further reduced to 50 m

1998; parallel giant slalom since 2002. ""Updated after 2018 Winter Olympics."" Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the

"Luge at the Winter Olympics"
Luge at the Winter Olympics Luge is a winter sport featured at the Winter Olympic Games where a competitor or two-person team rides a flat sled while lying supine (face up) and feet first. The sport is usually contested on a specially designed ice track that allows gravity to increase the sled's speed. The winner normally completes the route with the fastest overall time. It was first contested at the 1964 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events and a doubles event. Doubles is technically considered an open event since 1994, but only men have competed in it. German

"Prudential Center"
I-78, I-280, US 1/9, NJ 21, US 22, and the Garden State Parkway. Prudential Center Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the men's basketball program of Seton Hall University, known as the Seton Hall Pirates. The arena officially seats 16,514 patrons for hockey games and up to 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports

Prudential Center Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the men's basketball program of Seton Hall University, known as the Seton Hall Pirates. The arena officially seats 16,514 patrons for hockey games and up to 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena ""The Rock"" in reference to the Rock

The arena also hosts select home games for the Seton Hall Pirates women's basketball team, and the NJIT Highlanders men's basketball team. The arena was the former home of the New York Titans of the National Lacrosse League and the New Jersey Ironmen of the Xtreme Soccer League (XSL) until 2009. The Titans relocated to Orlando while the XSL folded in July 2009. The arena was originally intended to be the home of the New Jersey Nets, but YankeeNets sold the team to Bruce Ratner, who decided he would relocate the Nets to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. However, the

largest gospel music competition, has taken place at the arena since 2008. The Eagles' performance at the arena on their Long Road out of Eden Tour, is commemorated with murals on the arena's upper suite level. The Rolling Stones broadcast their last show of their 50th-anniversary tour live on pay-per-view from the arena on December 15, 2012. The Misfits, legendary punk rock band from Lodi, announced that they would reunite for one-time performance and play in the venue on May 19, 2018. In June 2011, it played host to the Newark audition stages in the first season of the Fox

college basketball's Legends Classic. The Nets moved into the arena on October 27, 2010, and defeated the Detroit Pistons 101–98. Rodney Stuckey made the first basket on the court in the arena while Brook Lopez made the first two free-throw baskets for the Nets. The arena hosted the East Regional semifinals and final of the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. On June 23, 2011, the arena hosted the 2011 NBA Draft, marking the second time the NBA Draft was held in New Jersey. They held the NBA Draft once again the following year on June 28, 2012. On

was amidst rumors that the franchise would move to Nashville. Despite playing championship-caliber hockey in the 2002–03 season culminating in a Stanley Cup that year, the Devils only averaged 14,858 fans per game at their home arena, Continental Airlines Arena at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford. A project to build a new 18,000 seat arena in Newark first received funding from Newark's city council in 2002, when the team was owned by Puck Holdings, a subsidiary of YankeeNets. In 2004, former Lehman Brothers executive Jeffrey Vanderbeek bought the team from Puck Holdings and became a strong proponent of

its conception), a city square originally proposed as the centerpiece of a commercial and residential complex near the arena, stagnated for a decade before construction began in October 2017. Located only two blocks from Newark Penn Station, the Prudential Center, like its other two major counterparts in the New York metropolitan area, Madison Square Garden and Barclays Center, is one of the most easily accessible arenas in the country. Public transportation access is provided via NJ Transit trains and buses, PATH trains, Newark Light Rail, and Amtrak. Major highways in the arena's vicinity include I-95 on the New Jersey Turnpike,

The New Jersey Ironmen played their inaugural home game at Prudential Center on December 1, 2007. A crowd of 13,429 was on hand to see soccer legend Pelé, who was the honorary captain, take the ceremonial first kick. The Ironmen won this game 8–6 over the Detroit Ignition. Boxing promoter Main Events has hosted a number of fight cards, most notably headlined by former world champions Zab Judah and Tomasz Adamek. Due to the large Polish population in the North Jersey area, Adamek has drawn upwards of 10,000 fans for his last few bouts, including almost 11,000 against Michael Grant

by Edison Place on the north, Lafayette Street on the south, Mulberry Street on the east, and Broad Street on the west. The site was the location of the never-completed Renaissance Mall and, previously, the tracks and train shed of the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Broad/Lafayette Street terminal whose building still stands nearby. The arena was designed by HOK Sport, with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Initial designs were released in early 2005 and referred to the arena as ""Newark Arena"". Groundbreaking began on October 3, 2005, and a workforce of 2,725 union workers was employed to

suspended due to the lighting problem; it was resumed two nights later, with about 3,000 of the original crowd of 15,129 in attendance. Tampa Bay won, 4–2, with Lightning center Steven Stamkos scoring two goals in the contest: one on Friday and one on Sunday. Prudential Center primarily serves as the home ice for the New Jersey Devils hockey franchise, who previously played at Continental Airlines Arena (now Meadowlands Arena) from 1982 to 2007, as well as the home court of the NCAA's Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball program, who also played at Continental Airlines Arena from 1985 to 2007.

"History of North America"
South America (with the exception of Brazil), and no other European power challenged those claims by planting colonies until over a century after Spain's first settlements. The first French settlements were Port Royal (1604) and Quebec City (1608) in what is now Nova Scotia and Quebec. The Fur Trade soon became the primary business on the continent and as a result transformed the indigenous North American ways of life. The first permanent English settlements were at Jamestown (1607) (along with its satellite, Bermuda in 1609) and Plymouth (1620), in what are today Virginia and Massachusetts respectively. Further to the south,

was limited in comparison to the extensive trade and conflict of civilizations across the Atlantic in Europe and Asia. Records of European travel to North America begin with the Norse in the tenth century CE. In 985, they founded a settlement on Greenland (an often-overlooked part of North America) that persisted until the early 1400s. They also explored the east coast of Canada, but their settlements there were much smaller and shorter-lived. With the Age of Exploration and the voyages of Christopher Columbus (starting 1492), Europeans began to arrive in the Americas in large numbers and to develop colonial ambitions

groups went extinct, and others changed quite quickly. The name and cultures that Europeans recorded for the natives were not necessarily the same as the ones they had used a few generations before, or the ones in use today. There was limited contact between North American people and the outside world before 1492. Several theoretical contacts have been proposed, but the earliest physical evidence comes from the Norse or Vikings. Erik the Red founded a colony on Greenland in 985 CE. Erik's son Leif Eriksson is believed to have reached the Island of Newfoundland circa 1000, naming the discovery Vinland.

movements, where the migrants maintain strong links with their or their ancestors' former country, gaining significant advantages over other inhabitants of the territory by such links. When colonization takes place under the protection of clearly colonial political structures, it may most handily be called settler colonialism. This often involves the settlers entirely dispossessing earlier inhabitants, or instituting legal and other structures which systematically disadvantage them. Initially, European activity consisted mostly of trade and exploration. Eventually Europeans began to establish settlements. The three principal colonial powers in North America were Spain, England, and France, although eventually other powers such as the

History of North America History of North America encompasses the past developments of people populating the continent of North America. While it was widely believed that continent first became a human habitat when people migrated across the Bering Sea 40,000 to 17,000 years ago, recent discoveries may have pushed those estimates back at least another 90,000 years. Regardless, migrants settled in many locations on the continent, from the Inuit of the far north to the Mayans and Aztecs of the south. These isolated communities each developed their own unique ways of life and cultures, and their interaction with one another

"European colonization of the Americas"
lasted until the mid 15th century, with court and parliament assemblies (""þing"") taking place at Brattahlíð and a bishop located at Garðar. The remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada, were discovered in 1960 and were dated to around the year 1000 (carbon dating estimate 990–1050 CE). L'Anse aux Meadows is the only site widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. It was named a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1978. It is also notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland, established by Leif Erikson around the same period

immigration from Mexico and Latin America, and drug trafficking concerns in these regions. The specifics of Paleo-Indians' migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion. For years, the traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 40,000 – 17,000 years ago, when sea levels were significantly lowered due to the Quaternary glaciation. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice

of Isabella I and Ferdinand II, Queen and King of newly united Spain. In 1492 Columbus reached land in the Bahamas. Almost 500 years after the Norse, John Cabot explored the east coast of what would become Canada in 1497. Giovanni da Verrazzano explored the East Coast of North America from Florida to presumably Newfoundland in 1524. Jacques Cartier made a series of voyages on behalf of the French crown in 1534 and explored the St. Lawrence River. In order to understand what constitutes as successful colonization, it is important to understand what colonization means. Colonization refers to large-scale population

"British colonization of the Americas"
British colonization of the Americas British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The English, and later the British, were among the most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire came to surpass the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might. Three types of colonies were established in the English overseas possessions in America of the 17th century and continued into the British Empire at the height of its power in the 17th

Netherlands and Sweden also received holdings on the continent. Settlement by the Spanish started the European colonization of the Americas. They gained control of most of the largest islands in the Caribbean and conquered the Aztec empire, gaining control of present-day Mexico and Central America. This was the beginning of the Spanish Empire in the New World. The first successful Spanish settlement in continental North America was Veracruz founded by Hernán Cortés in 1519, followed by many other settlements in colonial New Spain, including Spanish Florida, Central America, New Mexico, and later California. The Spanish claimed all of North and

during the first world war against which country germany did not fight

"History of Germany during World War I"
History of Germany during World War I During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that lost the war. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria-Hungary. German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts, although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war, except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded. A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of

1916–17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–19 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic. The German population responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations in other countries of Europe; notions of overt enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. The German government, dominated by the Junkers, thought of the war as a way to end Germany's disputes with rivals France,

""Black Day of the German army."" The Allied armies advanced steadily as German defenses faltered. Although German armies were still on enemy soil as the war ended, the generals, the civilian leadership—and indeed the soldiers and the people—knew all was hopeless. They started looking for scapegoats. The hunger and popular dissatisfaction with the war precipitated revolution throughout Germany. By 11 November Germany had virtually surrendered, the Kaiser and all the royal families had abdicated, and the Empire had been replaced by the Weimar Republic. The ""spirit of 1914"" was the overwhelming, enthusiastic support of all elements of the population for

Serbia, Greece, Italy, and Russia which made great gains for the Central Powers. Morale was at its greatest since 1914 at the end of 1917 and beginning of 1918 with the defeat of Russia following her rise into revolution, and the German people braced for what Ludendorff said would be the ""Peace Offensive"" in the west. In spring 1918, Germany realized that time was running out. It prepared for the decisive strike with new armies and new tactics, hoping to win the war on the Western front before millions of American soldiers appeared in battle. General Erich Ludendorff and Field

"German entry into World War I"
and Britain--who would eventually crush it unless Germany acted defensively with the preemptive strike. As the war started, Germany stood behind its ally Austria-Hungary in a confrontation with Serbia, but Serbia was under the protection of Russia, which was allied to France. Germany was the leader of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and later Bulgaria; arrayed against them were the Allies, consisting chiefly of Russia, France, Britain, and in 1915 Italy. There were several main causes of World War I, which broke out unexpectedly in June-August 1914, including the conflicts and hostility of the previous four

Russia and Britain. The beginning of war was presented in Germany as the chance for the nation to secure ""our place under the sun,"" as the Foreign Minister Bernhard von Bülow had put it, which was readily supported by prevalent nationalism among the public. The Kaiser and the German establishment hoped the war would unite the public behind the monarchy, and lessen the threat posed by the dramatic growth of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which had been the most vocal critic of the Kaiser in the Reichstag before the war. Despite its membership in the Second International, the

The SPD members of parliament voted 96-14 on 3 August to support the war. There remained an antiwar element especially in Berlin. They were expelled from the SPD in 1916 and formed the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. Newspaper editorials indicated that the nationalist right-wing was openly in favor of war, even a preventive one, while moderate editors would only support a defensive war. Both the conservative press and the liberal press increasingly used the rhetoric of German honour and popular sacrifice, and often depicted the horrors of Russian despotism in terms of Asiatic barbarism. Historian Fritz Fischer unleashed

war in 1914. In the Reichstag, the vote for credits was unanimous, with all the Socialists joining in. One professor testified to a ""great single feeling of moral elevation of soaring of religious sentiment, in short, the ascent of a whole people to the heights."" At the same time, there was a level of anxiety; most commentators predicted the short victorious war – but that hope was dashed in a matter of weeks, as the invasion of Belgium bogged down and the French Army held in front of Paris. The Western Front became a killing machine, as neither army moved

The new government led by the German Social Democrats called for and received an armistice on 11 November 1918; in practice it was a surrender, and the Allies kept up the food blockade to guarantee an upper hand. The war was over; the history books closed on the German Empire. It was succeeded by the democratic, yet flawed, Weimar Republic. Seven million soldiers and sailors were quickly demobilized, and they became a conservative voice that drowned out the radical left in cities such as Kiel and Berlin. The radicals formed the Spartakusbund and later the Communist Party of Germany. Germany

German entry into World War I Germany entered into World War I on August 1, 1914, when it declared war on Russia. In accordance with its war plan, it ignored Russia and moved first against France--declaring war on August 3 and sending its main armies through Belgium to attack Paris from the north. The invasion of Belgium caused Britain to declare war on Germany on August 4. The main parties were now at war. Soon Turkey joined on Germany's side. Italy was neutral in 1914 and in 1915 switched to the Allied side. Historians have vigorously debated Germany's role. One

"Super Bowl VIII"
Super Bowl VIII Super Bowl VIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1973 season. The Dolphins defeated the Vikings by the score of 24–7 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl, the first team to do so since the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowls I and II, and the first AFL/AFC team to do so. The game was played on January 13, 1974 at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. This was the

to Monday and play it at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. Because of on-going repairs to the roof of the Metrodome, the Vikings played their December 20 game versus the Chicago Bears at TCF Bank Stadium. Favre threw the final touchdown pass of his career (to Percy Harvin) in this game. The game was played 29 years to the day after the last outdoor game at old Met Stadium. On December 26, the NFL announced that the game versus the Philadelphia Eagles was being postponed to Tuesday, December 28, 2010 because of blizzard conditions. This marks the third consecutive venue

"1998 NFC Championship Game"
1998 NFC Championship Game The 1998 NFC Championship Game was a National Football League (NFL) game played on January 17, 1999, to determine the National Football Conference (NFC) champion for the 1998 NFL season. The visiting Atlanta Falcons defeated the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings 30–27 in sudden death overtime to win their first conference championship and advance to the franchise's first Super Bowl appearance. As a result of their loss, the Vikings were eliminated from the playoffs and became the first team in the history of the NFL to compile a regular season record of 15–1 and not win the

"Super Bowl IX"
Super Bowl IX Super Bowl IX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1974 season. The game was played on January 12, 1975, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, the last professional American football game played at that venue (the game was originally planned to be held at the Louisiana Superdome, but that stadium was not completed yet). The Steelers defeated the Vikings by the score of 16–6 to win their first

got off to a 10–0 start and easily won another division title. However, the Vikings lost to the Dallas Cowboys in the , 17–14, on a controversial touchdown pass from the Cowboys' quarterback Roger Staubach to wide receiver Drew Pearson that became known as the Hail Mary. The touchdown was controversial because many felt that Pearson pushed off on Vikings defensive back Nate Wright, committing pass interference. As the Metropolitan Stadium crowd was stunned to learn that no penalty was called, debris was thrown on the field for several minutes. A Corby's Whiskey bottle struck game official Armen Terzian, rendering

in franchise history, Super Bowl VIII, against the Miami Dolphins at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas; however, the Dolphins prevailed, 24–7. The Vikings won the Central Division again in 1974 with a 10–4 record. In the playoffs they built on their cold weather reputation, defeating both the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams in frozen Metropolitan Stadium. The Vikings played in their second straight Super Bowl, Super Bowl IX (3rd overall), losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 16–6, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans on January 12, 1975. Led by Tarkenton and running back Chuck Foreman, the 1975 Vikings

out of the University of Louisville. Bridgewater would later lose the starting job to Matt Cassel only to become the starter for the Vikings when Cassel was lost to a season-ending foot injury in week 3. Star running back Adrian Peterson only played in one regular season game due to his ongoing child abuse trial, with NFL commissioner Roger Goodell placing Peterson on the Commissioner's Exempt List indefinitely. On April 16, 2015, the league released a statement issuing Peterson's reinstatement to occur on April 17, 2015. The Vikings concluded their season with seven wins and nine losses, winning only one

in the rematch at Lambeau Field in the Wild Card round. The team was forced to play backup Joe Webb during the game after Ponder was sidelined due to an arm injury sustained from the previous week. Peterson was later named the league's MVP, after rushing for 2,097 yards, the second most rushing yards in a season in NFL history. In the 2013 season, the Vikings finished with five wins, ten losses, and one tie, with no road wins. Notable moments include acquired free agent Matt Cassel outplaying Christian Ponder at the quarterback position and the defense allowing a league-worst

32 wins, 59 losses, and 7 ties in their first seven seasons with only one winning season (8–5–1 in 1964). On March 7, 1967, quarterback Fran Tarkenton was traded to the New York Giants for a first-round and second-round draft choice in 1967, a first-round choice in 1968 and a second-round choice in 1969. With the picks, Minnesota selected Clinton Jones and Bob Grim in 1967, Ron Yary in 1968 and Ed White in 1969. On March 10, 1967 the Vikings hired new head coach Bud Grant to replace Van Brocklin, who had resigned on February 11, 1967. Grant came

"Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire"
Tlaxcalteca and Texcocans, a former partner in the Aztec Triple Alliance. Other city-states also joined, including and polities bordering Lake Texcoco, the inland lake system of the Valley of Mexico. Particularly important to the Spanish success was a multilingual (Nahuatl, a Maya dialect, and Spanish) indigenous slave woman, known to the Spanish conquistadors as Doña Marina, and generally as La Malinche. After eight months of battles and negotiations, which overcame the diplomatic resistance of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II to his visit, Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519, where he took up residence with fellow Spaniards and their

Aztecs, and most especially the Aztecs' indigenous enemies and rivals. They combined forces to defeat the Mexica of Tenochtitlan over a two-year period. For the Spanish, the expedition to Mexico was part of a project of Spanish colonization of the New World after twenty-five years of permanent Spanish settlement and further exploration in the Caribbean. The Spanish made landfall in Mexico in 1517. A Spanish settler in Cuba, Hernán Cortés, led an expedition (""entrada"") to Mexico, landing in February 1519, following an earlier expedition led by Juan de Grijalva to Yucatán in 1517. Two years later Cortés and his retinue

his combined forces on an arduous trek back over the Sierra Madre Oriental, returning to Mexico on St. John's Day June 1520, with 1300 soldiers and 96 horses, plus 2000 Tlaxcalan warriors. When Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan in late May, he found that Alvarado and his men had attacked and killed many of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, that happened during a religious festival organized by the Aztec. The Great Temple was central to the Aztec's cosmological views; the temple served as a burial ground for the offerings made to different gods, such as the

Cortés accelerated the organization and preparation of his expedition. Velázquez arrived at the dock in Santiago de Cuba in person, ""he and Cortés again embraced, with a great exchange of compliments"", before Cortes set sail for Trinidad, Cuba. Velázquez then sent orders for the fleet to be held and Cortés taken prisoner. Nevertheless, Cortés set sail, beginning his expedition with the legal status of a mutineer. Cortés's contingent consisted of 11 ships carrying about 630 men (including 30 crossbowmen and 12 arquebusiers, an early form of firearm), a doctor, several carpenters, at least eight women, a few hundred Arawaks from

the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. There were further Spanish explorations and settlements in the Caribbean and the Spanish Main, seeking wealth in the form of gold and access to indigenous labor to mine gold and other manual labor. Twenty-five years after the first Spanish settlement in the New World, expeditions of exploration were sent to the coast of Mexico. In 1517, Cuban governor Diego Velázquez commissioned a fleet of three ships under the command of Hernández de Córdoba to sail west and explore the Yucatán peninsula. Córdoba reached the coast of Yucatán. The Mayans at Cape Catoche invited the

so that they would have a constant supply of war captives to sacrifice to their gods. On 23 September 1519, Cortés arrived in Tlaxcala and was greeted with joy by the rulers, who saw the Spanish as an ally against the Aztecs. Due to a commercial blockade by the Aztecs, Tlaxcala was poor, lacking, among other things, salt and cotton cloths, so they could only offer Cortés and his men food and slaves. Cortés stayed twenty days in Tlaxcala, giving his men time to recover from their wounds from the battles. Cortés seems to have won the true friendship and

used by Mexicans to denote one who apes the language and customs of another country. It would not be until the late 20th century that a few feminist writers and academics would attempt to rehabilitate La Malinche as a woman who made the best of her situation and became, in many respects a powerful woman. Cortés landed his expedition force on the coast of the modern day state of Veracruz in April 1519. During this same period, soon after he arrived, Cortés was welcomed by representatives of the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II. Gifts were exchanged, and Cortés attempted to frighten

legal mechanism to free himself from Diego Columbus' authority in Cuba. In being named ""adelantado"" by a duly constituted cabildo, Cortés was able to free himself from Velásquez's authority and continue his expedition. To ensure the legality of this action, several members of his expedition, including Francisco Montejo and Alonso Hernandez Puertocarrero, returned to Spain to seek acceptance of the cabildo's declaration with King Charles. Cortés learned of an indigenous settlement called Cempoala and marched his forces there. On their arrival in Cempoala, they were greeted by 20 dignitaries and cheering townsfolk. Cortés quickly persuaded the Totonac chiefs to rebel

queen, Doña Juana of Castile, and her son, King Carlos I of Castile and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, all Spanish royalty, had then made an appearance. Sahagún reports that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés to Tenochtitlan on the Great Causeway, Xolac. ""The chiefs who accompanied Moctcuhzoma were: Cacama, king of Texcoco (altepetl); Tetlepanquetzaltin, king of Tlacopan, Itzcuauhtzin the Tlacochcalcatl, lord of Tlatelolco (altepetl); and Topantemoc, Motechzoma's treasurer in Tlatelolco."" Moctezuma and his chiefs were adorned with blazing gold on their shoulders with feathers and jewels. On the causeway where the two groups met, enormous numbers of people from Tenochtitlan watched the

to the city. Despite the stubborn Aztec resistance organized by their new emperor, Cuauhtémoc, the cousin of Moctezuma II, Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco fell on 13 August 1521, during which the Emperor was captured trying to escape the city in a canoe. The siege of the city and its defense had both been brutal. Largely because he wanted to present the city to his king and emperor, Cortés had made several attempts to end the siege through diplomacy, but all offers were rejected. During the battle, the defenders cut the beating hearts from seventy Spanish prisoners-of-war at the altar to Huitzilopochtli,

product-market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market

"Product/market fit"
Product/market fit Product/market fit, also known as product-market fit, is the degree to which a product satisfies a strong market demand. Product/market fit has been identified as a first step to building a successful venture in which the company meets early adopters, gathers feedback and gauges interest in its product(s). Marc Andreessen defined the term as follows: “Product/market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.” Many people interpret product/market fit as creating a so called ""minimum viable product"" that addresses and solves a problem or need that exists. Sean Ellis is often

high degree of product/market fit, or ""extreme"" product/market fit. Product/market fit Product/market fit, also known as product-market fit, is the degree to which a product satisfies a strong market demand. Product/market fit has been identified as a first step to building a successful venture in which the company meets early adopters, gathers feedback and gauges interest in its product(s). Marc Andreessen defined the term as follows: “Product/market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.” Many people interpret product/market fit as creating a so called ""minimum viable product"" that addresses and solves a

It is important to differentiate between product/market fit and problem/solution fit when measuring a company's customer base. More specifically, when gauging a customer's desire, companies need to be sure they are measuring desire for the product or service—not just for a solution. Misinterpreting customers' desire for a solution as desire for a company's product or service will end up being a false positive for product/market fit. Product/market fit is not binary. For a fledgling startup, a ""minimum"" degree of product/market fit will not be adequate in order to achieve market traction and success. Rather, what is actually required is a

"Complementary good"
a constant supply curve S of cars, the new increased quantity demanded will be at D2 with a new increased price P2. Other examples include automobiles and fuel, mobile phones and cellular service, printer and cartridge, among others. A perfect complement is a good that ""has"" to be consumed with another good. The indifference curve of a perfect complement will exhibit a right angle, as illustrated by the figure at the right. Such preferences are often represented by a Leontief utility function. Few goods in the real world will behave as perfect complements. One example is a left shoe and

Complementary good In economics, a complementary good or complement is a good with a negative cross elasticity of demand, in contrast to a substitute good. This means a good's demand is increased when the price of another good is decreased. Conversely, the demand for a good is decreased when the price of another good is increased. If goods A and B are complements, an increase in the price of A will result in a leftward movement along the demand curve of A and cause the demand curve for B to shift in; less of each good will be demanded. A

associated with popularizing the term. He placed product/market fit as a precondition for effectively scaling marketing for a company in his startup marketing pyramid. Steve Blank referred to the concept of product/market fit as a step in between customer validation (step #2 in his book ""The Four Steps to the Epiphany"") and customer creation (step #3). In Alexander Osterwalder's Business Model Canvas paradigm, product/market fit could be interpreted as a business model's value proposition, customer segment, relationship, and channel are fixed without requiring additional pivots. One metric for product/market fit is if at least 40% percent of surveyed customers indicate

"Non-price competition"
Non-price competition Non-price competition is a marketing strategy ""in which one firm tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of attributes like design and workmanship"" (McConnell-Brue, 2002, p. 43.7-43.8). The firm can also distinguish its product offering through quality of service, extensive distribution, customer focus, or any sustainable competitive advantage other than price. It can be contrasted with price competition, which is where a company tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of low price. Non-price competition typically involves promotional expenditures (such as advertising, selling staff, the locations

"Point of difference"
Point of difference Point of difference refers to the factors of products or services that establish differentiation. Differentiation is the way in which the goods or services of a company differ from its competitors. Indicators of the point of difference's success would be increased customer benefit and brand loyalty. However, an excessive degree of differentiation could cause the goods or services to lose their standard within a given industry, leading to a subsequent loss of consumers. Hence, a balance of differentiation and association is required, and a point of parity has to be adopted in order to allow a business

"Rivalry (economics)"
Rivalry (economics) In economics, a good is said to be rivalrous or rival if its consumption by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers, or if consumption by one party reduces the ability of another party to consume it. A good is considered non-rivalrous or non-rival if, for any level of production, the cost of providing it to a marginal (additional) individual is zero. A good can be placed along a continuum ranging from rivalrous to non-rivalrous. The same characteristic is sometimes referred to as jointness of supply or subtractable or non-subtractable. Most tangible goods, both durable and nondurable,

on consumers' perceptions of what foods are complements rather than their sensory properties. An example of this would be the demand for cars and petrol. The supply and demand of cars is represented by the figure at the right with the initial demand D1. Suppose that the initial price of cars is represented by P1 with a quantity demanded of Q1. If the price of petrol were to decrease by some amount, this would result in a higher quantity of cars demanded. This higher quantity demanded would cause the demand curve to shift rightward to a new position D2. Assuming

Grinch
is misanthropic and mean-tempered, with a heart that is ""two sizes too small"". He especially hates the Christmas season, making particular note of how disturbing the various noises of Christmastime are to him, including the singing of Christmas carols. Unable to stand the holiday any longer, he decides to destroy it once and for all. Aided by his pet dog, Max, he disguises himself as Santa Claus and breaks into the Whos' homes to steal everything they own and dump it off a nearby mountain. Although he pulls off the theft successfully, on Christmas morning, he is shocked to hear

"Bucky Barnes"
agent in an eponymous series that lasted 19 issues. The first 14 issues were written by Brubaker, with the last story arc written by Jason Latour. Since January 2014, Bucky has been part of the cast of James Robinson's ""All-New Invaders."" James Buchanan Barnes was born in Shelbyville, Indiana in 1925. Barnes grew up as an Army brat. He was orphaned when his father was killed in training at U.S. Army Camp Lehigh in Virginia just before the United States' entry into World War II. As a result, he is unofficially adopted by the camp as a mascot. Nicknamed ""Bucky"",

"Mike O'Malley"
Mike O'Malley Michael Edward O'Malley (born October 31, 1966) is an American actor and writer who has appeared in many films and television series. Born in Boston and raised in New Hampshire, O'Malley hosted the early 1990s children's game show ""Nickelodeon Guts"" before moving to Los Angeles later that decade to star in his own sitcom for NBC called ""The Mike O'Malley Show"". He is probably best known for his role as Jimmy Hughes on ""Yes, Dear"", the CBS series which aired from 2000 to 2006. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his role as Burt Hummel on

intervened in Rogers' transformation into Captain America, his face was destroyed, turning him into an undead being known as the White Skull. In ""Ruins"", which is set in a dystopian alternate future, Bucky is taken into custody alongside Victor Creed and others for several heinous crimes, including cannibalism. An alternate-universe Bucky appears in the 2011 miniseries ""Captain America Corps"". In a world where all the Marvel characters are small children depicted in ""A-Babies vs. X-Babies"", Bucky is Steve's teddy bear, named Bucky Bear. He is stolen by Scott Summers, igniting an enormous battle between the baby Avengers and the baby

"Chase Stein"
Chase Stein Victor Chase Stein (also known as Talkback), is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He was created by author Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona, and debuted in ""Runaways"" vol. 1 #1 with most of the other main characters. Like every member of the original Runaways, he is the son of evil villains with special abilities; in Chase's case, mad scientists. Chase is often regarded as the ""wild card"" in the series, due to his often changing role in the group, from being the getaway guy and technical guru

"Josh Brolin"
or since."" He admitted to stealing cars to pay for his drug use, which included heroin, a drug that he explained he did not like: ""I mean, I never got into it and I never died from it, which is a good thing. I've had 19 friends who died. Most of those guys I grew up with, they're all dead now."" Brolin started his career in TV films and guest roles on TV shows before getting a more notable role as Brand Walsh in the Richard Donner-directed film ""The Goonies"" (1985). He was considered for the role of Tom Hanson

X-Men. Bucky (as a teenager) will appear as a member of the Battleworld Runaways during ""Secret Wars"". Bucky Barnes James Buchanan ""Bucky"" Barnes is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Originally introduced as a sidekick to Captain America, the character was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby and first appeared in ""Captain America Comics"" #1 (cover-dated March 1941) (which was published by Marvel's predecessor) as the original and most well-known incarnation of ""Bucky"". The character is brought back from supposed death as the brainwashed assassin Winter Soldier (, translit. ""Zimniy Soldát""; Belarusian: Зімовы

"Joshua Rush"
Joshua Rush Joshua Rush (born ) is an American actor. Rush began his career as a child actor playing roles such as Turner in the 2012 film ""Parental Guidance"", and young versions of the characters Sylar and Chuck Bartowski on the television series ""Heroes"" and ""Chuck"", respectively. Since 2016 he has voiced Bunga on the Disney Junior television series ""The Lion Guard"", and since 2017 he has starred as Cyrus Goodman on the Disney Channel television series ""Andi Mack"". Rush was ten months old when he first appeared in a local television special, and then several ads and catalogs shortly

"Scott MacArthur"
has also appeared in films, such as ""The Diabolical"" (2015) and ""Answers to Nothing"" (2011), as well as numerous guest roles on television. MacArthur was born in Chicago to Bruce and Shelley MacArthur. He is an alumnus of The Second City in Chicago. Scott's older brother is stand-up comedian/actor/writer Hayes MacArthur. Scott MacArthur Scott Wadsworth MacArthur (born August 6, 1979) is an American actor and writer. He is best known for playing Jimmy Shepherd, a main character on the Fox comedy series ""The Mick"". MacArthur was initially hired as a writer for the series. The Jimmy character was played by

"Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius"
city of Retroville. Alongside his robotic dog, Goddard, he spends much of his time building complex gadgets with the hopes of further advancing science, but is hampered by the protectiveness of his parents, Hugh and Judy Neutron. One day, Jimmy is attempting to launch a communications satellite made out of a toaster into outer space after receiving a garbled radio signal from what he believes may be a message from extraterrestrial life. This irks Jimmy's mother, who scolds him for trying to communicate with strangers. After school, Jimmy and his friends, Carl and Sheen, spot a poster for an amusement

"The Orville"
Scott Grimes, who voices Steve Smith on ""American Dad!"" (another show created by MacFarlane), was cast as Gordon Malloy, Ed's best friend whom he has assigned to pilot the ""Orville"". On August 19, Peter Macon and J Lee were cast as series regulars. On October 31, Halston Sage and Penny Johnson Jerald joined the cast. On December 8, Mark Jackson was cast. On April 3, 2017, Chad L. Coleman was added as a series regular and Larry Joe Campbell was cast in a recurring role. At San Diego Comic-Con in July 2017, MacFarlane said that Charlize Theron would guest-star in

"Jonathan Slavin"
Jonathan Slavin Jonathan Slavin (born November 8, 1969) is an American actor and activist. Slavin was born in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Slavin may be best known for his portrayal of illustrator Byron Togler on the Fox network's sitcom ""Andy Richter Controls the Universe"", Ogo on the CGI animated show ""Robot and Monster"", and scientist Phil Myman on ABC's sitcom ""Better Off Ted"". He appeared on the main cast of ""Dr. Ken"" and as a recurring character on "" Speechless"". Slavin has also had guest roles on series such as ""Castle"", ""Grey's Anatomy"", ""My Name

an episode. The two had previously co-starred in ""A Million Ways to Die in the West"". ""The Orville"" episode 5, titled ""Pria"", is the one in which Theron guest-starred. On February 12, 2018, Jessica Szohr was cast as a regular for season two. On February 21, Chris Johnson was cast in a recurring role. On August 24, 2016, Jon Favreau signed on to direct the pilot. Production on the pilot episode began in late 2016, and the rest of the episodes began filming on March 27, 2017. Production wrapped on August 23, 2017. ""Star Trek"" veterans Jonathan Frakes and Robert

The Orville The Orville is an American science fiction comedy-drama series created by and starring Seth MacFarlane. The series premiered on Sunday, September 10, 2017. MacFarlane stars as Ed Mercer, an officer in the Planetary Union's line of exploratory space vessels whose career took a downturn following his divorce, and who is given the titular ship as his first command, only to discover that his ex-wife, Kelly Grayson (Adrianne Palicki), has been assigned to be his first officer. Inspired by several sources, including """" and ""The Twilight Zone"", the series tells the story of Mercer, Grayson, and the crew of

"Jacob Edwards (comedian)"
Jacob Edwards (comedian) Jacob Edwards (born 28 December 1977) is a British comedian, writer, comic actor and television host. He is a regular on BBC 3's ""Live at the Electric"", appearing as the stand-up character Roger Showbusiness. Edwards hosted 'CTRL Freaks' on ""London Live"", the hidden camera prank series, where he took control of contestants' lives through their social media feeds. He is slated to appear in the feature film ""Burke & Hare"", alongside Simon Pegg and Andy Serkis. He was born in Westminster, London. Edwards grew up in Brighton, Sussex. He showed an early interest in performance, appearing at

"Bob Einstein"
Life & Times of Tim"", playing the Elephant Trainer in ""Tim & the Elephant"" in the second season, and the bookie in ""Pray for the Jets"" in the third. Einstein was the first comedian to appear twice on Jerry Seinfeld's web series ""Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee."" Bob Einstein Stewart Robert ""Bob"" Einstein (born November 20, 1942) is an American actor, comedy writer and producer, who is best known for creating and performing the satirical stuntman character Super Dave Osborne. Einstein is also known for his roles as Marty Funkhouser in ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"" and Larry Middleman on ""Arrested Development"".

"Robin Williams"
was rejected by Chris Columbus due to the ""British-only edict"". Won: Robin Williams Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Born in Chicago, Williams began performing stand-up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the mid-1970s, and is credited with leading San Francisco's comedy renaissance. After rising to fame playing the alien Mork in the sitcom ""Mork & Mindy"", Williams established a career in both stand-up comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisation skills and the wide variety of memorable character voices he created. Williams has

"Josh Robert Thompson"
in Philadelphia. Thompson's original creations include televangelist the Rev. Apostle BG; Gay Cabaret singer, Robin Sooper; Gary the Ogre; and Snorky Lopez, a Mexican raccoon. Josh Robert Thompson Josh Robert Thompson (born March 11, 1975) is an American voice actor, actor, comedian, and impressionist. He is best known for his work on ""The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson"", providing the voice of robot skeleton Geoff Peterson along with numerous characters and impersonations, as well as his celebrity impersonations on ""Family Guy"" and ""The Howard Stern Show"". He appeared in a lead role in the 2014 romantic comedy ""Nowhere Girl"".

"The Gorburger Show"
the series was canceled after one season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Gorburger Show The Gorburger Show is an American comedy television series created by Ryan McNeely and Josh Martin. The series stars T.J. Miller as Gorburger, a giant blue monster who took over a Japanese television station. The series originally aired on Funny or Die for two seasons from 2012 to 2013. Guests included Jack Black, Flea, Andrew W.K., Wayne Coyne, Carson Daly, Tegan and Sara and Eagles of Death Metal. On January 13, 2017, Comedy Central picked up the series for an eight-episode first season. The series premiered on April 9,

"Crow T. Robot"
sitcom ""The Honeymooners"", where Joel referred to Crow as ""Art Crow"" (in reference to ""Honeymooners"" co-star Art Carney). After Best Brains received a letter from a child who had evidently missed the cultural reference and labeled a drawing of Crow as ""Art"" (episode 402, ""The Giant Gila Monster""), the show's writers turned the name into a recurring joke. Crow was voiced by Trace Beaulieu from the beginning of the series through the end of season seven, and Bill Corbett from the eighth season until the tenth season. Corbett's Crow was noticeably more cynical, irritable, and impatient when viewing the bad

the group that officially elects the president of the united states is called

"United States Electoral College"
that candidate to become the ""president-elect"". Additionally, delegations from at least two thirds of all the states must be present for voting to take place. The House continues balloting until it elects a president. The House of Representatives has chosen the president only twice: in 1801 under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3; and in 1825 under the Twelfth Amendment. In a contingent presidential election, the House of Representatives, voting by state, elects the president, choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes. In a contingent vice presidential election, the Senate elects the vice president, choosing

"United States presidential election"
Twenty-Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner. The Electoral College and its procedure are established in the U.S. Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4; and the Twelfth Amendment (which replaced Clause 3 after its ratification in 1804). Under Clause 2, each of the states casts as many electoral votes

"President-elect of the United States"
to the presidency by way of the president's death, resignation or removal (via impeachment) from office, that person does not hold the title of president-elect, as they would become president immediately. Conversely, a sitting vice president who is elected president ""does"" become president-elect. of the United States Constitution, along with the Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments directly address and govern the process for electing the nation's president. Presidential elections are further regulated by various federal and state laws. Under federal Law, the presidential electors, the members of the Electoral College, the body that directly elects the president, must be ""appointed, in

"United States presidential nominating convention"
and format of the convention. Broadly speaking, each U.S. state and territory party is apportioned a select number of voting representatives, individually known as ""delegates"" and collectively as the ""delegation."" Each party uses its own formula for determining the size of each delegation, factoring in such considerations as population, proportion of that state's Congressional representatives or state government officials who are members of the party, and the state's voting patterns in previous presidential elections. The selection of individual delegates and their alternates, too, is governed by the bylaws of each state party, or in some cases by state law. The

The United States of America is a federal coalition that consists of component states. Proponents of the current system argue the collective opinion of even a small state merits attention at the federal level greater than that given to a small, though numerically equivalent, portion of a very populous state. The system also allows each state the freedom, within constitutional bounds, to design its own laws on voting and enfranchisement without an undue incentive to maximize the number of votes cast. For many years early in the nation's history, up until the Jacksonian Era, many states appointed their electors by

(if any) comes out of the convention, the acceptance speech has always been televised by the networks, because it receives the highest ratings of the convention. In addition, the halls of the convention are packed at this time, with many party loyalists sneaking in. Afterwards, balloons are usually dropped and the delegates celebrate the nomination. In the early 19th century, members of Congress met within their party caucuses to select their party's nominee. Conflicts between the interests of the Eastern Congressional class and citizens in newer Western states led to the hotly contested 1824 election, in which factions of the

after Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton—who disfavored Burr's personal character more than Jefferson's policies—had made known his preference for Jefferson. Responding to the problems from those elections, the Congress proposed on December 9, 1803, and three-fourths of the states ratified by June 15, 1804, the Twelfth Amendment. Starting with the 1804 election, the amendment requires electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president, replacing the system outlined in Article II, Section 1, Clause 3. Alexander Hamilton described the Founding Fathers' view of how electors would be chosen: They assumed this would take place district by district. That plan was

each state, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in every fourth year"". Thus, all states appoint their electors on the same date, in November, once every four years. However, the manner of appointment of the electors is determined by the law of each State, subject to the restrictions stipulated by the Constitution. Currently, in every state, an election by the people is the method employed for the choice of the members of the Electoral College. The Constitution however, gives the states some latitude on the subject of choosing its slate of presidential electors. A state could,

reads the Certificate of Ascertainment. This document sets forth who was chosen to cast the electoral votes. The attendance of the electors is taken and any vacancies are noted in writing. The next step is the selection of a president or chairman of the meeting, sometimes also with a vice chairman. The electors sometimes choose a secretary, often not himself an elector, to take the minutes of the meeting. In many states, political officials give short speeches at this point in the proceedings. When the time for balloting arrives, the electors choose one or two people to act as tellers.

Party, the Constitution Party, and the Reform Party USA. The convention cycle begins with the ""Call to Convention"". Usually issued about 18 months in advance, the Call is an invitation from the national party to the state and territory parties to convene to select a presidential nominee. It also sets out the number of delegates to be awarded to each, as well as the rules for the nomination process. The conventions are usually scheduled for four days of business, with the exception of the 1972 Republican and 2012 Democratic conventions, which were three days each. (The 2008 and 2012 Republican

"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts"
have provided source material for both Indian and Pakistani film and television dramatists, who have adapted events of the war for the purposes of drama and to please target audiences in their nations. Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. Most of these wars and conflict have ended with defeat or disaster for Pakistan. The Kashmir issue has been the main cause of all

Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. Most of these wars and conflict have ended with defeat or disaster for Pakistan. The Kashmir issue has been the main cause of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The Partition of British India came

on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. This war was unique in the way that it did not involve the issue of Kashmir, but was rather precipitated by the crisis created by the political battle brewing

as the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, ""Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army"". Commonly known as the Kargil War, this conflict between the two countries was mostly limited. During early 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated across the Line of Control (LoC) and occupied Indian territory mostly in the Kargil district. India responded by launching a major military and diplomatic offensive to drive out the Pakistani infiltrators.

on all-out war, while others were limited in scope. The countries were expected to fight each other in 1955 after warlike posturing on both sides, but full-scale war did not break out. The nuclear conflict between both countries is of passive strategic nature with nuclear doctrine of Pakistan stating a first strike policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in 1971 war) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan, whereas India has a declared policy of no first use. These wars

in erstwhile East Pakistan between Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Leader of East Pakistan, and Yahya Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, leaders of West Pakistan. This would culminate in the declaration of Independence of Bangladesh from the state system of Pakistan. Following Operation Searchlight and the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities, about 10 million Bengalis in East Pakistan took refuge in neighbouring India. India intervened in the ongoing Bangladesh liberation movement. After a large scale pre-emptive strike by Pakistan, full-scale hostilities between the two countries commenced. Pakistan attacked at several places along India's western border with Pakistan, but the Indian Army successfully held their

Two months into the conflict, Indian troops had slowly retaken most of the ridges that were encroached by the infiltrators. according to official count, an estimated 75%–80% of the intruded area and nearly all high ground was back under Indian control. Fearing large-scale escalation in military conflict, the international community, led by the United States, increased diplomatic pressure on Pakistan to withdraw forces from remaining Indian territory. Faced with the possibility of international isolation, the already fragile Pakistani economy was weakened further. The morale of Pakistani forces after the withdrawal declined as many units of the Northern Light Infantry suffered

47 on 22 April 1948. The fronts solidified gradually along what came to be known as the Line of Control. A formal cease-fire was declared at 23:59 on the night of 1 January 1949. India gained control of about two-thirds of the state (Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh) whereas Pakistan gained roughly a third of The Pakistan controlled areas are collectively referred to as Pakistan administered Kashmir. This war started following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack

Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following partition, princely states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of the princely states, had a majority Muslim population and significant fraction of Hindu population, all ruled by the Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh. Tribal Islamic forces with support from the army of Pakistan attacked and occupied parts of the princely state forcing the Maharaja to sign the Instrument of Accession of the princely state to the Dominion of India to receive Indian military aid. The UN Security Council passed Resolution

were scattered unevenly in the whole country, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 was not possible along religious lines. Nearly one third of the Muslim population of British India remained in India. Inter-communal violence between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims resulted in between 500,000 and 1 million casualties. Princely-ruled territories, such as Kashmir and Hyderabad, were also involved in the Partition. Rulers of these territories had the choice of joining India or Pakistan. The war, also called the First Kashmir War, started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharaja of the princely state of

"The Young and the Restless"
The Young and the Restless The Young and the Restless (often abbreviated as Y&R) is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in a fictional Wisconsin town called Genoa City, which is unlike and unrelated to the real life village of the same name, Genoa City, Wisconsin. First broadcast on March 26, 1973, ""The Young and the Restless"" was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes, five times a week. The show expanded to one-hour episodes on February 4, 1980. In 2006, the series began airing encore episodes weeknights

from number one in the Nielsen ratings, since the lengthening of the show led to the departure of a number of cast members. ""The issue of performing in a one-hour show had not been part of their contracts,"" Bell said. This forced the show to recast multiple main characters and eventually phase out the original core families in favor of new ones. The show expanded to one hour on February 4, 1980. It airs at 11:00am on most stations in the Central, Mountain and Pacific time zones, usually as a lead-in to the local noon news for most CBS stations

Television, which has now been replaced by Sony Pictures Television. ""The Young and the Restless"" originally aired as a half-hour series on CBS and was the first soap opera to focus on the visual aspects of production, creating ""a look that broke with the visual conventions of the genre."" Similar to the radio serials that had preceded them, soap operas at the time primarily focused on dialogue, characters, and story, with details like sets as secondary concerns. ""The Young and the Restless"" stood out by using unique lighting techniques and camera angles, similar to Hollywood-style productions. The style of videotaping

Geneva. ""The Young and the Restless"" began airing on March 26, 1973, replacing the cancelled soap opera, ""Where the Heart Is"". Bell worked as head writer from the debut of the series until his retirement in 1998. He wrote from his home in Chicago while production took place in Los Angeles, California. Originally, Bell wanted to shoot the series in New York, however, CBS executives felt that Los Angeles would be more cost effective. John Conboy acted as the show's first executive producer, staying in the position until 1982. Bell and H. Wesley Kenney became co-executive producers that year until

the Restless"" on average is the most-watched daytime drama showing. When introduced during the 1972–73 season, the show was at the bottom of the ratings, but rose rapidly: ninth by 1974–75 and third by 1975–76. By 1988–89 it had dethroned long-time leader ""General Hospital"" as the top-rated soap, a position it has held ever since. During the week of December 2, 2013, the series celebrated their twenty-fifth year as the number one daytime drama. ""The Young and the Restless"" airs every weeknight on Pop, where it averaged 362,000 viewers from July to September 2013. The Young and the Restless The

were introduced. Despite these changes, one storyline that has endured through almost the show's entire run is the feud between Jill Abbott and Katherine Chancellor, the longest rivalry on any American soap opera. Since its debut, ""The Young and the Restless"" has won nine Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series. It is also currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. As of 2008, it had appeared at the top of the weekly Nielsen ratings in that category for more than 1,000 weeks since 1988. As of December 12, 2013, according to Nielsen ratings, ""The Young and the Restless""

"The Young and the Restless characters (2016)"
The Young and the Restless characters (2016) ""The Young and the Restless"" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 26, 1973, and airs on CBS. The following is a list of characters that first appeared on the soap opera in 2016, by order of first appearance. In the first half of the year, characters were introduced by executive producer Jill Farren Phelps until her replacement in the summer of 2016 by supervising producer Mal Young Young was first credited as executive producer on July 13, 2016. Co-executive producer and head writer Charles Pratt Jr. oversaw

was the leading daytime drama for an unprecedented 1,300 weeks, or 25 years. The serial is also a sister series to ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", as several actors have crossed over between shows. In June 2017, ""The Young and the Restless"" was renewed for three additional years. To compete with the youthful ABC soap operas, ""All My Children"", ""One Life to Live"", and ""General Hospital"", CBS executives wanted a new daytime serial that was youth oriented. William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell created ""The Young and the Restless"" in 1972 for the network under the working title, ""The

in those regions (though some stations in the Central Time Zone opt to air it at 11:30am). It airs at 12:30pm Eastern. Exteriors used in the late 1980s and early 1990s (and reused years later) included locations in and around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, including Allegheny General Hospital, One Oxford Centre, the Duquesne Club, Hampton Township and the prison. Phillip Chancellor died in the Richland, Pennsylvania area, where the police chief was not told and believed the accident really happened. On June 27, 2001, ""The Young and the Restless"" became the first daytime soap opera to be broadcast in high-definition. In September

"The Young and the Restless characters (2010)"
The Young and the Restless characters (2010) ""The Young and the Restless"" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 26, 1973, and airs on CBS. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2010, by order of appearance. All characters were introduced to the series by its head writer that year, Maria Arena Bell. Doppelgänger Sarah Smythe first appeared in April. June saw the arrival of Meggie McClaine, Spencer Walsh and twin characters, Charles and Matilda Ashby, born on-screen. Vance Abrams and Sofia Dupre debuted in July, followed by Blake Joseph's stint

"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)"
of ""Revenge of the Sith"". The Imperial Guard (or ""Red Guard"") were elite, red-helmeted and red-cloaked stormtroopers who serve as Emperor Palpatine's personal bodyguards. In addition to strict requirements of height, strength, intelligence, and loyalty, only the most capable soldiers in the Imperial Military qualified for duty in the ranks of the Royal Guard. On occasion if needed or ordered by Palpatine, they could take orders from his apprentice, Darth Vader. In the waning days of the Republic, Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine formed a personnel security detail of red-robed guards whom he favored over the Senate Guard. He additionally began

Palpatine
Palpatine Sheev Palpatine (also known by his Sith identity Darth Sidious and publicly as Senator Palpatine, then Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, and later Emperor Palpatine) is a fictional character and is the primary antagonist of ""Episodes I-VI"" in the ""Star Wars"" franchise, mainly portrayed by Ian McDiarmid. In the original trilogy, he is depicted as the extremely aged, pale-faced and cloaked Emperor of the Galactic Empire and the Sith master of Darth Vader. In the prequel trilogy, he is portrayed as a charismatic Senator in early old age from Naboo who uses machiavellian deception and political manipulation to rise to the

Palpatine
position of Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic before transforming the Republic into the Empire. Though outwardly appearing to be a well-intentioned public servant and supporter of democracy prior to being Emperor, Palpatine's true identity is actually Darth Sidious, the Dark Lord of the Sith—a cult of practitioners of the dark side of the Force previously thought to have been extinct for a millennium, and master of Darth Maul and Count Dooku. As his Sith identity, Palpatine incrementally increases the executive branch's power and masterminds the Clone Wars conflict. Manipulating both the Republic and the Separatist governments, Palpatine, as Chancellor,

Palpatine
Vader. Palpatine rules the galaxy for over two decades before his reign is brought to an end in the Battle of Endor when Vader turns on him and kills him in order to save his son, Luke Skywalker who was being electrocuted by Palpatine. Since the initial theatrical run of ""Return of the Jedi"", Palpatine has become a widely recognized popular culture symbol of evil, sinister deception, sadistic cruelty, dictatorship, tyranny, and the subversion of democracy. The Emperor is briefly mentioned in the original ""Star Wars"" (1977), the first film in the original trilogy. Grand Moff Tarkin explains to the

is right for the Jedi to reappear in the galaxy and overthrow the Empire. With the end of the Clone Wars, the purging of the Jedi Order and the formation of the First Galactic Empire, Palpatine rules with absolute power as Emperor. He retains the emergency powers that had been voted to him in ""Attack of the Clones"", allowing him to rule for decades under what amounts to martial law. Lord Darth Vader is the Emperor's second-in-command and his ruthless chief enforcer, greatly feared throughout the galaxy; a command from Vader is to be considered a command from Palpatine. In

Palpatine
during the Clone Wars as Chancellor of the Republic and Darth Sidious is portrayed in novels such as Matthew Stover's ""Shatterpoint"" (2003), Steven Barnes' ""The Cestus Deception"" (2004), Sean Stewart's """" (2004), and Luceno's ""Labyrinth of Evil"" (2005) and ""Darth Plagueis"" (2012). Following the theatrical release of ""Revenge of the Sith"", ""Star Wars"" literature focused on Palpatine's role after the creation of the Empire. John Ostrander's comic ""Star Wars Republic 78: Loyalties"" (2005) chronicles how, shortly after seizing power, Emperor Palpatine sends Darth Vader to assassinate Sagoro Autem, an Imperial captain who plans to defect from the Empire. In Luceno's

reorganization of the Republic into a state that can provide stability, and a safe and secure society, a Galactic Empire with himself as Emperor. The Senate that he has manipulated overwhelmingly applauds Palpatine's decision. Emperor Palpatine proceeds to purge the Jedi, who had been the upholders of peace and justice in the Republic, and replaces them by redeeming the Sith. Though Palpatine's Sith identity remains a secret to most, his apprentice Darth Vader is the Sith Lord who is publicly known to the galaxy as the ally of Palpatine who is serving the Empire to purge the galaxy of the

the Nazis, desires the creation of totalitarian order and utilizes excessive force and violence to achieve their ends. The name of the Empire's main soldiers, the Stormtroopers, is somewhat similar to the name given to Hitler's ""Sturmabteilung"" (SA, ""storm detachment"") paramilitary bodyguards. The visual appearance of Darth Vader in his all-black uniform combined with his devout obedience to the Emperor has allusion to the black-uniformed Nazi ""Schutzstaffel"" (SS). The uniforms of Imperial military officers also bear resemblance to uniforms used in Nazi Germany as well as nineteenth-century Germany's ""ulans"" (mounted lancers)—who wore a tunic, riding breeches, and boots like the

"Star Wars"
names in the films; ""e.g."" the planets Kessel (a term that refers to a group of encircled forces) and Hoth (Hermann Hoth was a German general who served on the snow-laden Eastern Front). Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Adolf Hitler's role as chancellor before appointing himself ""Führer"". Lucas has also drawn parallels to historical dictators such as Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Richard Nixon. The Great Jedi Purge mirrors the events of the Night of the Long Knives. The corruption of the Galactic Republic is modeled after the fall of the

indicated in various sources that the Galactic Empire was largely derived from America during the time of the Vietnam War, and more specifically Richard Nixon's time as President, with it dating back as early as 1973 when he first started working on the first film, with his friend Walter Murch also verifying this to be the case. Palpatine's rise to power, and transforming a democracy into a dictatorship has been related to those of Julius Caesar, Augustus, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Adolf Hitler. Palpatine's consolidation of power and declaring himself emperor is like the Roman political figure Octavian (later renamed Augustus),

who has won 2017 women's singles korean open series badminton championship

"2017 KPMG Women's PGA Championship"
Moriya Jutanugarn, Danielle Kang, Haeji Kang, Kim Kaufman, Megan Khang, Christina Kim, Katherine Kirk, Joanna Klatten, Nelly Korda, Olafia Kristinsdottir, Candie Kung, Min Seo Kwak, Bronte Law, Ilhee Lee, Lee Jeong-eun, Lee Mi-hyang, Min Lee, Amelia Lewis, Lin Xiyu, Pernilla Lindberg, Gaby López, Lee Lopez, Ally McDonald, Stephanie Meadow, Wichanee Meechai, Ai Miyazato, Giulia Molinaro, Becky Morgan, Belen Mozo, Therese O'Hara, Amy Olson, Ryann O'Toole, Lee-Anne Pace, Brooke Pancake, Annie Park, Jane Park, Sadena Parks, Emily Kristine Pedersen, Katherine Perry, Pornanong Phatlum, Beatriz Recari, Paula Reto, Demi Runas, Madelene Sagström, Sherman Santiwiwatthanaphong, Alena Sharp, Kelly Shon, Sarah Jane Smith, Jennifer

Shanshan Feng (4,6,12), Brooke Henderson (4,5,6,12), Cristie Kerr (4,6,10,12), Anna Nordqvist (4,5,6,10,12), Inbee Park (3,4,6,7,12), Suzann Pettersen (3,4,6,10,12), Yani Tseng 3. Professionals who have won an LPGA major championship in the previous five years and during the current year Choi Na-yeon (4,12), Chun In-gee (4,6,12), Ariya Jutanugarn (4,5,6,12), Kim Hyo-joo (4,12), Lydia Ko (4,5,6,12), Brittany Lang (4,6,10,12), Stacy Lewis (6,10,12), Brittany Lincicome (4,10,12), Mo Martin (12), Ryu So-yeon (4,5,6,12), Jiyai Shin (6), Lexi Thompson (4,6,10,12), Michelle Wie (10,12), Yoo Sun-young (12) 4. Professionals who have won an official LPGA tournament in the previous two calendar years and during the current

"Nozomi Okuhara"
and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. ""Women's singles"" ""Women's singles"" Women's Singles results against World Superseries finalists, World Championships semifinalists, and Olympic quarterfinalists, as well as all Olympic opponents. ""Last revised: 20 December 2018"" Nozomi Okuhara She became the 2017 world champion in Glasgow, Scotland after defeating India's P. V. Sindhu in the finals. In 2011, the then 16-year-old Nozomi Okuhara became the youngest women's singles champion ever at the All Japan Badminton Championships, which are the Japanese National Badminton Championships. She won a BWF World junior

"2017 Evian Championship"
(5), Kim Hyo-joo (2), In-Kyung Kim (4,5,6,7,8), Kim Sei-young (5,8), Lydia Ko (2,4), Jessica Korda, Lee Mi-hyang (5,6), Minjee Lee, Mirim Lee, Haru Nomura (5,8), Anna Nordqvist (5), Park Sung-hyun (4,5,8), Suzann Pettersen (2), Gerina Piller (8), Ryu So-yeon (4,5,8), Lexi Thompson (4,5), Amy Yang (5) 2. Past Evian Championship winners ""all already qualified"" 3. Active Evian Masters Champions (must have played in 10 LPGA Tour or LET events from 5 September 2016 to 5 September 2017) Paula Creamer, Laura Davies, Juli Inkster, Ai Miyazato, Karrie Webb 4. Winners of the other women's majors for the last five years Brittany

year Chella Choi (5,12), Carlota Ciganda (6,10,12), Charley Hull (6,10,12), In-Kyung Kim (6,12), Kim Sei-young (6,12), Jessica Korda (6,12), Minjee Lee (6,12), Mirim Lee (5,6,12), Caroline Masson (10,12), Haru Nomura (6,12), Jenny Shin (12), Kris Tamulis (12), Amy Yang (5,6,12) 5. Professionals who finished top-10 and ties at the previous year's Women's PGA Championship Su-Hyun Oh (12), Park Hee-young (12) 6. Professionals ranked No. 1-30 on the Women's World Golf Rankings as of June 5, 2017 M. J. Hur (12), Park Sung-hyun (12), Gerina Piller (10,12) 7. Gold Medal winner at the 2016 Rio Olympics 8. The top eight finishers

"Lee So-hee"
Lee So-hee Lee So-hee (Hangul: 이소희; ; born 14 June 1994) is a South Korean badminton player. In 2017, she won the women's doubles title at the All England Open tournament. She also helped the Korean national team to win the world team championships at the 2017 Sudirman Cup. ""Women's doubles"" ""Women's doubles"" ""Women's doubles"" ""Girls' doubles"" ""Girls' doubles"" The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000,

"2017 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship"
Icher (16,17), Moriya Jutanugarn (17), Kim Kaufman, Megan Khang, Christina Kim, In-Kyung Kim (13,16,17), Kim Sei-young (12,13,16,17), Jessica Korda (16,17), Candie Kung, Alison Lee (16), Lee Mi-hyang (17), Minjee Lee (13,16,17), Mirim Lee (12,13,16,17), Lin Xiyu, Pernilla Lindberg, Gaby López, Caroline Masson (13), Catriona Matthew, Ai Miyazato, Mika Miyazato, Azahara Muñoz, Haru Nomura (16,17), Su-Hyun Oh, Ryann O'Toole, Lee-Anne Pace, Park Hee-young, Pornanong Phatlum (16), Morgan Pressel, Beatriz Recari, Paula Reto, Lizette Salas, Alena Sharp, Jenny Shin (16,17), Kelly Shon, Sarah Jane Smith, Jennifer Song, Angela Stanford, Kris Tamulis, Mariajo Uribe, Karrie Webb, Jing Yan, Sakura Yokomine 12. Top 10

Song, Nontaya Srisawang, Marissa Steen, Jackie Stoelting, Thidapa Suwannapura, Kelly Tan, Pannarat Thanapolboonyaras, Ayako Uehara, Mariajo Uribe, Cheyenne Woods, Jing Yan, Angel Yin, Sakura Yokomine, Pavarisa Yoktuan 13. The remainder of the field will be filled by members who have committed to the event, ranked in the order of their position on the 2017 LPGA Priority List as of the commitment deadline ""Thursday, June 29, 2017"" ""Friday, June 30, 2017"" ""Friday, June 30, 2017"" ""Saturday, July 1, 2017"" ""Sunday, July 2, 2017"" ""Final round"" ""Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par"" 2017 KPMG Women's PGA Championship The 2017 KPMG Women's PGA

"2017 Korea Open"
doubles main draw: 2017 Korea Open The 2017 Korea Open (also known as the 2017 KEB Hana Bank-Incheon Airport Korea Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the tournament, and part of the 2017 WTA Tour. It took place in Seoul, South Korea between 18 and 24 September 2017. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following pair received a

China LPGA Tour. Supamas Sangchan, Zhang Weiwei 16. Top 50 point leaders from the current Rolex Rankings and anyone tying for 50th place as of May 17 Kim Min-sun (17), Lee Min-young (17), Lee Jeong-eun 17. Top 50 point leaders from the current Rolex Rankings and anyone tying for 50th place as of July 9 18. Special exemptions selected by the USGA Additional players qualified through sectional qualifying tournaments in May and June at sites in the United States, China, South Korea, England, and Japan. May 22 at The Country Club at DC Ranch, Scottsdale, Arizona May 22 at Hino

"Canadian Society of Forensic Science"
authority of the Companies Act. The CSFS has an Executive Committee consisting of elected Officials and a Board of Directors. In addition there are several standing and special committees, including Awards, Finance, Membership, Nominating, Publication, Accreditation, Alcohol Test, Constitution, Drugs and Driving, and Informatics/Education. The CSFS is further organized into sections representing diverse areas of forensic science, as follows: There are six types of membership in the society: Regular, Fellow, Emeritus, Provisional, Associate and Student. As of 2009, the society had 590 members of all types. The society publishes the peer-reviewed, quarterly ""Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science"".

"Common Final Examination"
the provincial/regional orders, the CFE is written over the course of three sequential days and is the culmination of years of study in financial accounting, management accounting, corporate finance, performance management, taxation and other business-related university courses. Writing the CFE requires successful completion of preliminary education requirements including CPA preparatory courses and CPA Canada's Professional Education Program (PEP). Upon passing the CFE and completing 30 months of approved practical experience, the candidate is designated a Chartered Professional Accountant and may use the CPA post-nominal letters. The Common Final Examination is typically offered once per year in September (Fall). Sometimes, it

"College of Family Physicians of Canada"
College of Family Physicians of Canada The College of Family Physicians of Canada' (CFPC; French: ""Le Collège des médecins de famille du Canada"", CFPC), which is based in Mississauga, Ontario, is a professional association and the legal certifying body for the practice of family medicine in Canada. This national organization of family physicians was founded in 1954, incorporated in 1968, and currently numbers over 32,000 members. Members of the CFPC belong to the national College as well as to their provincial chapters. The CFPC uses both English and French as official languages. The CFPC establishes the standards for the training,

"Standards Council of Canada"
Standards Council of Canada The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) is a federal Crown corporation with the mandate to promote voluntary standardization in Canada, where standardization is not expressly provided for by law. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the SCC has a governing council of as many as 13 members and a staff of approximately 90. The organization reports to Parliament through the Minister of Industry. SCC has the mandate to coordinate and oversee the efforts of Canada's national standardization network, which includes organizations and individuals involved in voluntary standards development, promotion, and implementation in Canada. More than 12,500 Canadian members

certification, and lifelong education of family physicians. It accredits postgraduate family medicine training in Canada's medical schools, conducts the certification examination in family medicine, and grants the certification (CCFP) and fellowship (FCFP) designations. The CFPC is a member of the World Organization of Family Doctors. The CFPC was founded in 1954 in Vancouver, British Columbia, as the ""College of General Practice of Canada"" out of a need to ensure family physicians were dedicated to continuing medical education. At inception, it had 400 members, and Victor L. Johnston was the first executive director and remained in office for ten years. The

"Medical Council of Canada"
be awarded Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada. LMCC is recognized by the 12 medical licensing authorities in Canada, and is one of the requirements for the issuance of a licence to practise medicine in Canada. Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada, commonly abbreviated as LMCC, is a physician that, according to the bylaws of MCC: MCC also maintains the Canadian Medical Register, a list of physicians who have completed or exempted from the LMCC requirement. This is the first step for medical graduates who wish to obtain licence to practise prior to applying to their own regulatory

"Canadian Institute of Management"
Canadian Institute of Management CIM Chartered Manager Canada is Canada's senior professional association, certification body and academic institute for managers and leaders. CIM Chartered Manager Canada was founded in 1942 as the Society of Industrial Methods Engineers and in 1946 became the Canadian Industrial Management Association. It became the Canadian Institute of Management in 1970. In 2016 it became CIM Chartered Managers Canada to reflect its role as Canada's certifying body for chartered management professionals. As a Federally Chartered not-for-profit organization, CIM Chartered Managers Canada operates through 14 chapters across Canada. CIM Chartered Managers Canada collaborates with the University of

"Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War"
admiral's destination. Believing that de Grasse would return a portion of his fleet to Europe, Rodney detached Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood and 15 ships of the line with orders to find de Grasse's destination in North America. Rodney, who was ill, sailed for Europe with the rest of his fleet in order to recover, refit his fleet, and to avoid the Atlantic hurricane season. British naval forces in North America and the West Indies were weaker than the combined fleets of France and Spain, and, after much indecision by British naval commanders, the French fleet gained control over Chesapeake Bay,

fleet (he was aware of the number of pilots de Grasse had requested, for example), he assumed that de Grasse would not leave the French convoy at Cap-Français, and that part of his fleet would escort it to France. So Rodney accordingly divided his fleet, sending Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood north with 15 ships of the line and orders to find de Grasse's destination in North America and report to New York. Rodney, who was ill, took the rest of the fleet back to Britain in order to recover, refit his fleet, and to avoid the Atlantic hurricane season. Hood

Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War The War of the American Independence saw a series of military manoeuvres and battles involving naval forces of the British Royal Navy and the Continental Navy from 1775, and of the French Navy from 1778 onwards. These culminated in the surrender of the British Army force of Lieutenant-General Earl Charles Cornwallis, an event that led directly to the beginning of serious peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war. From the start of the hostilities, the British North American station under Vice-Admiral Samuel Graves blockaded the major colonial ports and carried raids

serve, rising to full admiral and receiving an Irish peerage. Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War The War of the American Independence saw a series of military manoeuvres and battles involving naval forces of the British Royal Navy and the Continental Navy from 1775, and of the French Navy from 1778 onwards. These culminated in the surrender of the British Army force of Lieutenant-General Earl Charles Cornwallis, an event that led directly to the beginning of serious peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war. From the start of the hostilities, the British North American station under Vice-Admiral

on the island of New Providence and captured the town of Nassau in the Bahamas. After loading the fleet's ships, (enlarged to include two captured prize ships), with military stores, the fleet sailed north on 17 March, with one ship dispatched to Philadelphia, while the rest of the fleet sailed for the Block Island channel, with Governor Browne and other officials as prisoners. Outbreaks of a variety of diseases, including fevers and smallpox, resulting in significant reductions in crew effectiveness, marked the fleet's cruise. The return voyage was uneventful until the fleet reached the waters off Long Island. On 4

French ships sent to the Western Hemisphere spent most of the year in the West Indies, and only sailed to the Thirteen Colonies from July until November. In the first Franco-American campaign, a French fleet commanded by Vice-Admiral Comte Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing attempted landings in New York and Newport, but due to a combination of poor co-ordination and bad weather, d'Estaing and Vice-Admiral Lord Richard Howe naval forces did not engage during 1778. After the French fleet departed, the British turned their attention to the south. In 1779, the French fleet returned to assist American forces attempting to recapture

the Virginia and Carolina coastline, additional instructions may have been given to Hopkins in secret meetings of the Congress' Naval Committee. The instructions that Hopkins issued to his fleet's captains before it sailed from Cape Henlopen, Delaware on February 17, 1776, included instructions to rendezvous at Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas. The fleet that Hopkins launched consisted of: ""Alfred"", , , , ""Andrew Doria"", ""Cabot"", , and ""Columbus"". In addition to ships' crews, it carried 200 marines under the command of Samuel Nicholas. In early March, the fleet (reduced by one due to tangled rigging en route) landed marines

the conflict and there was no centralized area of ultimate strategic importance. Traditionally, the fall of a capital city often signalled the end of a conflict, yet the war continued unabated even after the fall of major settlements such as New York, Philadelphia (which was the Patriot capital), and Charleston. Britain's ability to project its power overseas lay chiefly in the power of the Royal Navy, allowing her to control major coastal settlements with relative ease and enforce a strong blockade of colonial ports. However, the overwhelming majority of the American population was agrarian, not urban. As a result, the

by Patriot militias who effectively suppressed Loyalists by winning victories in Fairfield County, Lincolnton, Huck's Defeat, Stanly County, and Lancaster County. Congress appointed Horatio Gates, victor at Saratoga, to lead the American effort in the south. He suffered a major defeat at Camden on August 16, 1780, setting the stage for Cornwallis to invade North Carolina. The British attempted to subjugate the countryside, and Patriot militia continued to fight against them, so Cornwallis dispatched troops to raise Loyalist forces to cover his left flank as he moved north. This wing of Cornwallis' army was virtually destroyed on October 7, irreversibly

British North American fleet in the Delaware River. Although British leaders had early intelligence that d'Estaing was likely headed for North America, political and military differences within the government and navy delayed the British response, allowing him to sail unopposed through the Straits of Gibraltar. It was not until early June that a fleet of 13 ships of the line under the command of Vice-Admiral John Byron left European waters in pursuit. D'Estaing's Atlantic crossing took three months, but Byron (who was called ""Foul-weather Jack"" due to his repeated bad luck with the weather) was also delayed by bad weather

their happiness. Brooke, however, did not give up and say they want Eric back into her life. When Brooke suffers a miscarriage, she pleads with both Eric and Donna to keep it a secret from Katie, who both agree to do so. But Taylor finds out Brooke's secrets and, at Brooke's birthday party, she blurts out that Brooke had an affair with Bill. Eric and Taylor hit a snag in their blissful relationship over his keeping Brooke's secrets. Thanks to the agreement between the Quinn Artisan Jewelers and Forrester Creations, Eric makes the acquaintance of Quinn Fuller with whom he

"Eric van der Woodsen"
she lost her virginity to Asher, which Eric knows is untrue. During a dinner with his family, Georgina outs him to get back at Serena. Eric's homosexuality upsets Lily, who blames herself for Eric getting institutionalized. Serena comforts him, and learns that Eric already came out to Chuck before her because he knew Chuck wouldn't judge him. He also explains that he had a relationship with someone while at the Ostroff Center, but now believed that it was over. At Asher and Jenny's party, Eric helps Blair dethrone Jenny by revealing that Asher was indeed gay, and that they were

is present during Thanksgiving dinner at the Humphrey's apartment when Lily and Rufus reveal they had a previous relationship years ago. Due to his mother's engagement to billionaire Bart Bass, he develops a close friendship with Chuck Bass, whom he soon sees as a brother. He tries to warn Jenny about her new boyfriend Asher Hornsby (Jesse Swenson) but she mistakes this for Eric being in love with her. In the same episode, Dan and Georgina Sparks see Asher making out with someone outside of school. The news becomes public on Gossip Girl, and Jenny denies the rumor by saying

"Eric Brady"
also in town for other motives. She has orders to retrieve a piece of artwork that Eric acquired when the two of them were in Africa, that contains smuggled diamonds. Eric's relationship with Serena is bothersome to Nicole and she tries and fails several times to break it up. Eric later breaks up with Serena after discovering that she slept with her boss, Xander Cook. Later, Eric and Nicole are locked in the basement of the news station by Xander. Facing death, Eric and Nicole share a tender moment, and they realize they still have feelings for each other. But

says he bought some pills, but realizes it was stupid and promises to stop. But while he keeps that promise, when Damien calls Eric after Ben warns him away from Serena's family, Eric agrees to hang out with him. Rufus reveals in the season 5 premiere ""Yes, Then Zero"" that Jenny and Eric have moved to London to attend Saint Martins. During the episode ""Memoirs of an Invisible Dan"", it's mentioned that in Dan's semi-autobiographical novel ""Inside"" Nate and Eric's literary counterparts were meshed together. Eric returns briefly for the series finale. ""TV Line's"" Michael Ausiello had reported that Connor

Nicole is engaged to Daniel Jonas, and when Eric and Nicole escape the basement, Nicole breaks things off with Eric, leaving him devastated. In August 2015, Eric finds Serena strangled to death in the park (she is the first victim of the Necktie Killer). Eric begins to drink. In January 2016, while driving drunk, he causes a car accident injuring himself, Brady and Jennifer Horton and killing his best friend Daniel Jonas. In April 2016, Eric is sentenced to five years in prison for vehicular manslaughter. Eric is released for good behavior and makes his way back to Salem, now

Bart's actions convince Lily to celebrate Thanksgiving with the Humphreys. After Bart's death, Eric comes back with Jonathan and tries to convince Chuck to go back to their penthouse. Chuck and Eric officially go from close friends to brothers after Lily adopts her late husband's son. During summer 2009, Eric is in his grandmother's house with Jenny, Dan, and Rufus while Lily is in Montecito taking care of his and Serena's grandmother, CeCe. He observes Jenny's speech to the rest of Constance that end the school hierarchy. During Jenny's gradual transformation as an Upper East Side Queen, he falls victim

Erik and Serena’s best friend Blair Waldorf dated briefly. Very close to his sister, Erik threw her a giant sweet sixteenth birthday bash and drove her up to Hanover on her first day of school there. Aside from his brief appearances, Erik remained a relatively quiet secondary character throughout the series, however he did have a bigger part in the ""Gossip Girl"" prequel, ""Gossip Girl: It Had to Be You"". In contrast to the novels, Eric's character is more complex in the show, showing a mature understanding of family and relationships but faces the same troubles as most teenagers have.

"Temple in Jerusalem"
of Egypt. Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when Jehoash, King of Judah, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it stripped again for Sennacherib, King of Assyria c. 700 BCE. The First Temple was totally destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, when they sacked the city. According to the Book of Ezra, construction of the Second Temple was authorized by Cyrus the Great and began in 538 BCE, after the fall of the Babylonian Empire the year before. It was completed 23 years

HaElohim"" ""House of God"", or simply ""Beiti"" ""my house"", ""Beitekhah"" ""your house"" etc. In rabbinical literature the temple is ""Beit HaMikdash"", ""The Sanctified House"", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name. The Hebrew Bible says that the First Temple was built by King Solomon. According to the Book of Deuteronomy, as the sole place of Israelite sacrifice (), the Temple replaced the Tabernacle constructed in the Sinai Desert under the auspices of Moses, as well as local sanctuaries, and altars in the hills. This temple was sacked a few decades later by Shoshenq I, Pharaoh

"Solomon's Temple"
Solomon's Temple According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple (: ""Beit HaMikdash"") in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE. The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Jewish historian Josephus says

Jerusalem
as the City of David, is the initial nucleus of historical Jerusalem. There, the Gihon Spring attracted shepherds who camped near the water between 6 and 7000 years ago, leaving behind ceramics and flint artifacts during the Chalcolithic, or Copper Age (c. 4500-3500 BCE). Permanent houses only appeared several centuries later, with a small village emerging around 3000-2800 BCE, during the Early Bronze Age I or II. The first settlement lay on what some call the Ophel ridge. The city's inhabitants at this time were Canaanites, who are believed by scholars to have evolved into the Israelites via the development

Temple
in Jerusalem is the site where the First Temple of Solomon and the Second Temple were built. At the center of the structure was the Holy of Holies where only the High Priest could enter. The Temple Mount is now the site of the Islamic edifice, the Dome of the Rock (c. 690). The Greek word ""synagogue"" came into use to describe Jewish (and Samaritan) places of worship during Hellenistic times and it, along with the Yiddish term ""shul"", and the original Hebrew term ""Beit Knesset"" (""House of meeting"") are the terms in most universal usage. Since the 18th Century,

authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy. The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh. According to the biblical sources, the temple was constructed under Solomon, during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah. The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects, workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem. He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. puts the date of the beginning of building the temple ""in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel"". The conventional dates

"History of Jerusalem"
location of a threshing floor he had purchased from Araunah; a portion of biblical scholars view this as an attempt by the narrative's author to give an Israelite foundation to a pre-existing sanctuary. Later, according to the biblical narrative, King Solomon built a more substantive temple, the Temple of Solomon, at a location which the Book of Chronicles equates with David's altar. The Temple became a major cultural centre in the region; eventually, particularly after religious reforms such as those of Hezekiah and of Josiah, the Jerusalem temple became the main place of worship, at the expense of other, formerly

of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE. Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace. The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years. During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh, the God of Israel, and housed the Ark of the Covenant. Rabbinic sources

Jerusalem
Israel broke with the United Monarchy to form their own nation, with its kings, prophets, priests, traditions relating to religion, capitals and temples in northern Israel. The southern tribes, together with the Aaronid priesthood, remained in Jerusalem, with the city becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. In 538 BCE, the Persian King Cyrus the Great invited the Jews of Babylon to return to Judah to rebuild the Temple. Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple. Sometime soon after 485

Jerusalem
of a distinct Yahweh-centric monotheistic belief system. The Execration Texts (c. 19th century BCE), which refer to a city called ""rwš3lmm"", variously transcribed as ""Rušalimum""/""Urušalimum""/""Rôsh-ramen"" and the Amarna letters (c. 14th century BCE) may be the earliest mention of the city. Nadav Na'aman argues its fortification as the centre of a kingdom dates to around the 18th century BCE. In the Late Bronze Age, Jerusalem was the capital of an Egyptian vassal city-state, a modest settlement governing a few outlying villages and pastoral areas, with a small Egyptian garrison and ruled by appointees such as king Abdi-Heba, At the time

"Youngstown, Ohio"
economically diversified, as did larger industrial cities such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Akron, or Cleveland. Hence, when economic changes forced the closure of plants throughout the 1970s, the city was left with few substantial economic alternatives. The September 19, 1977, announcement of the closure of a large portion of Youngstown Sheet and Tube, an event still referred to as ""Black Monday"", is widely regarded as the death knell of the old area steel industry in Youngstown. In the wake of the steel plant shutdowns, the community lost an estimated 40,000 manufacturing jobs, 400 satellite businesses, $414 million in personal income, and

"Steel crisis"
hours. In addition, the strong dollar policy of the U.S. Federal Reserve and the development of new management strategies such as just-in-time manufacturing that call for major workforce reductions also played important roles in hampering U.S. manufacturing competitiveness and reducing employment. The U.S. city of Youngstown, Ohio was among the hardest-hit areas of the steel crisis, with the announced closure of Youngstown Sheet and Tube on September 19, 1977, still known to locals as Black Monday; as of July 2013, Youngstown still has not recovered from the steel crisis. Other major steel producing cities, such as Chicago, Gary, East Chicago,

"Youngstown Sheet and Tube"
workers on September 19, 1977, a day remembered locally as ""Black Monday."" The Brier Hill Works and the company's plants in Indiana were sold to Jones and Laughlin Steel, later acquired by Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV), a conglomerate. The Brier Hill Works closed in 1979 as part of a continued wave of steel mill closings that devastated the Youngstown economy. The Brier Hill Works was eventually reopened in 1986 by Cargill Corporation, under the name North Star Steel. In 2002, Cargill sold the operations to recycling mini-mill Vallourec Group, a French conglomerate. The Indiana Harbor mill continues operating, owned by ArcelorMittal. In

"Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad"
War II, the Consolidated Coal Company, successor to the Pittsburgh Coal Company, decided to sell its railroad properties to the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The PRR agreed to purchase the Montour, and with it the Y&S, jointly with the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad (P&LE), a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad (NYC). The two companies gained control on December 31, 1946, and simultaneously conveyed the private railroad south of Negley to the Y&S. Passenger service ended in 1948 on the Y&S, the last of Ohio's interurbans, and the Columbiana-Leetonia segment was abandoned that year, its connection to the Y&OR

"Doraville Assembly"
at Detroit, Michigan. Doraville Assembly Doraville Assembly was a General Motors automobile factory in Doraville, Georgia, just northeast of Atlanta. The plant opened in 1947 and was under the management of GM's newly created Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac Assembly Division created in 1945. It was closed on 26 September 2008 as part of the company's cost-cutting measures. According to an article that appeared in the ""Atlanta Journal-Constitution"" on January 28, 2010, New Broad Street Doraville, LLC, a development company, has executed a purchase contract with General Motors to purchase the former plant, with plans to build a mixed-use, transit-oriented development. New Broad Street's

"Economy of Youngstown, Ohio"
proved to be a turning point in the demise of the local steel industry. The merger and subsequent takeover of Youngstown Sheet and Tube burdened the community's primary steel producer with hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt. Further, the deal placed control of the company outside of the Mahoning Valley. On September 19, 1977, it was announced a large portion of Youngstown Sheet and Tube would be closing. Although federal laws now require employers to give 60 days notice to its employees if they plan on doing mass layoffs, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act was still eleven

to the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad (O&P), a part of the Ohio Central Railroad System, on June 14, 1995. The Negley-Smiths Ferry line was abandoned in 1996, having gone at least two years without seeing a train, leaving only Youngstown-Darlington for the O&P to operate. The P&LE filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on March 22, 1996. When the O&P declined to purchase the leased trackage from the Y&S, the owner sold it to Railroad Ventures, Inc. (RVI) on November 8. RVI immediately, illegally, canceled the lease, forcing the O&P to issue an embargo, a process intended for a temporary cessation

""hot metal"" were made from Campbell to Brier Hill from 1937 until 1979. In 1916, Sheet and Tube workers at the East Youngstown plant rioted during a strike over working conditions, which resulted in most of the town's business district being burned to the ground. The strike was quelled by the arrival of National Guard troops. After the riots, East Youngstown was renamed Campbell in honor of the company's President. In 1937, Youngstown Sheet and Tube played a prominent role in the Little Steel Strike, along with Republic Steel, Inland Steel, Bethlehem Steel, and Weirton Steel. The so-called ""Little Steel""

Doraville Assembly Doraville Assembly was a General Motors automobile factory in Doraville, Georgia, just northeast of Atlanta. The plant opened in 1947 and was under the management of GM's newly created Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac Assembly Division created in 1945. It was closed on 26 September 2008 as part of the company's cost-cutting measures. According to an article that appeared in the ""Atlanta Journal-Constitution"" on January 28, 2010, New Broad Street Doraville, LLC, a development company, has executed a purchase contract with General Motors to purchase the former plant, with plans to build a mixed-use, transit-oriented development. New Broad Street's deal fell through

"Liberty Mills, Indiana"
After a lengthy legal battle with the Wabash Railroad, this railline was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1901, and eventually came into the Pennsylvania's Vandalia holdings. Then known as the Vandalia Railroad and Butler Branch Railroad, the railroad's use declined over the years until its abandonment from 1954 to 1977. Because of its location on a curvy tack of the Eel River, Liberty Mills has been home to numerous bridges, three standing today. At the location of the iron bridge today (on the north end of town on First Street) was home to the Covered Bridge. Three different covered

"New York Jets"
Since 1968, the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times, and in the AFC Championship Game four times, most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010. However, the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl, making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance, along with the New Orleans Saints and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Apart from the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions, who have never reached the Super Bowl (although both won NFL championships prior to 1966), the Jets' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises. The team's training facility, Atlantic

uniform in select games, again using their regular green helmets with the 1965–77 logo but with two parallel white stripes down the center. In 2007, the team introduced a new ""throwback"" uniform, evoking the original Titans of New York and combining elements of the 1960 and 1961–62 uniforms, with navy blue helmets and jerseys, old gold numerals and helmet stripes, gold and white shoulder stripes, and gold pants with blue and white stripes on each side. These uniforms appeared again in 2008, 2009 and 2011, with a white jersey variation also appearing in 2009 as part of the NFL's celebration

"History of the New York Jets"
only once and enduring a string of disastrous seasons, including a 1–15 record in 1996. The following year, the Jets hired two-time Super Bowl winning coach Bill Parcells. The new coach guided the team to its most successful season since the merger in 1998; the Jets finished 12–4 and reached the AFC Championship Game, in which they fell to the Denver Broncos. The team made five playoff appearances in the 2000s, their most of any decade. In 2009 and 2010, the Jets achieved back-to-back appearances in the AFC Championship Game, losing to the Indianapolis Colts and Pittsburgh Steelers. In 2010,

as an executive and player personnel director with the Oakland Raiders (1963–1974, 1979–1989), and later as General Manager of the Green Bay Packers (1991–2001). Favre only played one season as a member of the Jets in 2008, between most of his career with the Packers (1992–2007) and his last two NFL seasons with the Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010). The Jets established a Ring of Honor on July 20, 2010, to commemorate former players. Each season, players will be nominated by an internal committee and then inducted into the Ring. There is no specific amount of honorees to be selected each year.

by the Giants. The two teams met again on December 6, 2015, with the Jets coming from behind and winning 23–20 in overtime. The Jets' colors are hunter green and white. The team's current uniform and primary logo, in use since 1998, are modernized versions of the design used from 1965 to 1977. The helmet is white with two parallel green stripes down the center, and a green facemask. The primary logo, which appears on each side of the helmet and on the jersey front by the player's left shoulder, is a green oval with the word ""JETS"" in thick

"Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets"
home game against the Jacksonville Jaguars, the Jets again wore white facemasks with their standard white uniforms, this time with the striped white socks. The kelly-green uniforms with chromed accents returned for a Thursday night ""Color Rush"" game on November 2, 2017, at home against the Bills, who wore white. In 2018, the Jets wore white facemasks for a Monday night game in Detroit on September 10, then wore gray facemasks at home against the Indianapolis Colts on October 14 to mark the 50th Anniversary of the 1968 championship team that defeated the Colts (then hailing from Baltimore) in Super

coaching position with the Patriots. The franchise obtained a new owner in Woody Johnson in 2000. Additionally, through the 2000s the Jets visited the playoffs five times, a franchise record, under the direction of three different coaches. Rex Ryan was hired in January 2009. Ryan led the team to back-to-back AFC Championship appearances during his first two years but the team never made the playoffs again during his tenure. Harry Wismer, a businessman, had been interested in sports for much of his life when he was granted a charter franchise in the American Football League. A three-sport letterman, football, particularly,

sole control of the team. Hess had a passion for his team and took losses hard. In 1995, following a mediocre 6–10 season under Pete Carroll, despite generally shying away from football operations, Hess announced ""I'm 80 years old, I want results now"" during a conference in which Rich Kotite was introduced as the team's new coach. After two unsuccessful years with Kotite, Hess heavily involved himself in hiring Bill Parcells in hopes to see his team again reach the Super Bowl. He did not live to see his dream realized, dying on May 7, 1999. With the team for

appearance in 2010 but were re-introduced a year later for a home game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. Since then the NFL has adopted a ""one-helmet"" rule as part of its concussion protocol, which precludes teams from using ""throwback"" helmets requiring a different-colored helmet shell. On November 12, 2015, the Jets participated in the NFL's first ""Color Rush"" promotion on ""Thursday Night Football"", at home against the Buffalo Bills. The uniform used the same design template as the standard uniform but with kelly green in place of hunter green; green jerseys and pants with white numerals and stripes, and solid green

to socks, consists of only two colors (apart from the NFL shield and American flag decals). The Indianapolis Colts' blue-and-white uniforms have no third/trim color on their jerseys, pants or socks, but their helmets have gray facemasks. The Detroit Lions have an alternate/""throwback"" uniform that is blue and silver only. The Jets have announced that they will have new uniforms in 2019. The Jets began play in 1960 as the Titans of New York, whose uniforms were navy blue with old gold numerals, gold pants with two parallel blue stripes on each side, and navy blue helmets with a single

"It Ain't Me"
It Ain't Me ""It Ain't Me"" is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez. It was released by Interscope Records, Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo's first EP, ""Stargazing"". The song was written by Kygo, Gomez, Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. It was produced by Kygo, Watt, Ben Rice and Louis Bell. A dance-pop, electropop and tropical house song, ""It Ain't Me"" comprises an acoustic guitar line, and a build-drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes, bass, synthesizers, finger-snap claps and pan flute melodies. Gomez

and ""We Don't Talk Anymore"". A music video, directed by Philip R. Lopez, was released on 24 April 2017 on Kygo's official Vevo channel. The video revolves around a couple involved in a motorcycle accident. The boyfriend is rendered comatose. The video depicts the boyfriend's unconscious state, with the girlfriend dancing and singing by his bedside at the hospital. The song is featured in tenth episode of the television series ""The Bold Type"". Credits adapted from Qobuz. It Ain't Me ""It Ain't Me"" is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez. It was released by Interscope

sings the track in a husky tone, while in the chorus her vocals are reduced to recurring syllables. The lyrics are nostalgic and narrate a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often. In addition to reaching number one in Croatia, Lebanon, and Norway, the song attained a top five peak in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. It also reached the top 10 in Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The lyrics of ""It Ain't Me"" were

overall. ""It Ain't Me"" debuted at number nine on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 31,380 units, giving Kygo his second top 10 single (after ""Firestone"") in the UK and Gomez her third (after ""Naturally"" and ""Come & Get It""). It rose to number seven in its second week, selling 33,466 units. In Australia, ""It Ain't Me"" debuted at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart becoming both Kygo and Gomez's first top 10 debut and highest-charting single in the country, as well as Kygo's second top 10 entry after ""Firestone"" and Gomez's third following ""Good for You""

"It Ain't Me Babe"
It Ain't Me Babe ""It Ain't Me Babe"" is a song by Bob Dylan that originally appeared on his fourth album ""Another Side of Bob Dylan"", which was released in 1964 by Columbia Records. According to music critic Oliver Trager, this song, along with others on the album, marked a departure for Dylan as he began to explore the possibilities of language and deeper levels of the human experience. Within a year of its release, the song was picked up as a single by folk rock act the Turtles and country artist Johnny Cash (who sang it as a duet

tropical house song, ""It Ain't Me"" is composed in the key of C Major and is set in the time signature of ""alla breve"" at a tempo of 100 beats per minute. Gomez's vocal range spawns from the low note G to the high note E, while the music follows the chord progression of Am–C–F–C–F–C–G. Later in the song, the piano plays in a Chord Progression of: Am--C--G--F--Am--C--G. The song carries a calm tone and a drop common in tropical house music, but is complemented by an equal measure of electronic and pop rock elements. The track starts with a

on 18 February 2017. ""It Ain't Me"" was sent to contemporary hit radio in the US on 28 February 2017. ""It Ain't Me"" received positive reviews from music critics. Matt Medved of ""Billboard"" magazine regarded it as one of Gomez's most mature-sounding releases and appreciated Kygo's usage of her vocals, adding that the song showed both collaborators' ""best sides"". Similarly, Alexia Hernandez of ""Entertainment Weekly"" deemed it ""perhaps her most mature tune to date"". In ""The New York Times"", Jon Pareles described the track as a ""righteous kiss-off"", complimenting the subtle and varied production. Pedro Pincay of ""Vibe"" magazine said

"It Ain't Nothin'"
It Ain't Nothin' ""It Ain't Nothin'"" is a song written by Tony Haselden, and recorded by American country music artist Keith Whitley. It was posthumously released in October 1989 as the second single from the album ""I Wonder Do You Think of Me"". His fifth and last No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart, the song was his second posthumous chart-topper, reaching the top of the chart seven months after his death. The song spent one week at No. 1 and 17 weeks in the Hot Country Singles chart's top 40. A music video was released of the

song, and has aired on The Nashville Network, CMT and Great American Country. The music video shows pictures a la ""Knots Landing"" fashion and are a montage of Whitley throughout his life, from early childhood through shortly before his death. It Ain't Nothin' ""It Ain't Nothin'"" is a song written by Tony Haselden, and recorded by American country music artist Keith Whitley. It was posthumously released in October 1989 as the second single from the album ""I Wonder Do You Think of Me"". His fifth and last No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart, the song was his

"It's Me (song)"
It's Me (song) ""It's Me"" is a popular 1994 single by rock singer Alice Cooper from his 1994 concept album The Last Temptation. The song still had good chart success, reaching #34 in the United Kingdom. The song is the last time one of Cooper's songs charted until 2000's ""Gimme"". The song was written by Alice Cooper, Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw. Along with the other single from the album, Lost in America, it helped make The Last Temptation become his most recent, highest-charting album until 2008's Along Came a Spider. A music video was made for the song but

"Marley & Me"
Marley & Me Marley & Me: Life and Love with the World's Worst Dog is a ""New York Times"" bestselling autobiographical book by journalist John Grogan, published in 2005, about the thirteen years he and his family spent with their yellow Labrador Retriever, Marley. The dog is poorly behaved and destructive, and the book covers the issues this causes in the family as they learn to accept him in addition to their grief following Marley's death. It has subsequently been adapted by the author in three separate books, as well as separately into a comedy-drama film released in 2008. Told

"Marley & Me (film)"
Marley & Me (film) Marley & Me is a 2008 American comedy-drama film about the titular dog, Marley. It was directed by David Frankel and the screenplay by Scott Frank and Don Roos is based on the memoir of the same name by John Grogan. The film stars Owen Wilson and Jennifer Aniston as Marley's owners. ""Marley & Me"" was released in the United States and Canada on December 25, 2008, and set a record for the largest Christmas Day box office ever with $14.75 million in ticket sales. The film was followed by a 2011 direct-to-video prequel, """". Soon

the story. In the autobiography, the author states that the eulogy he wrote in his newspaper following the death of his dog received more responses than any other column he had written in his professional life up until that point. ""Marley & Me"" has been rewritten into three different books: In 2008, the novel was adapted into a family comedy-drama motion picture, also titled ""Marley & Me"". Released on December 25, 2008, the film stars Owen Wilson and Jennifer Aniston and is directed by David Frankel. A prequel followed in 2011, """". In a discussion on his website devoted to

after their wedding, John and Jenny Grogan (Owen Wilson and Jennifer Aniston) escape the brutal Michigan winters and relocate to a cottage in South Florida, where they are hired as reporters for competing newspapers. At ""The Palm Beach Post"", Jenny immediately receives prominent front-page assignments, while at the ""South Florida Sun-Sentinel"", John finds himself writing obituaries and two-paragraph articles about mundane news like a fire at the local garbage dump. When John senses Jenny is contemplating motherhood, his friend and co-worker Sebastian Tunney (Eric Dane) suggests the couple adopt a dog to see if they're ready to raise a family.

bury him beneath a tree in their front yard. Because the film covers 14 years in the life of the dog, 22 different yellow labradors played the part of Marley (as revealed in the special feature Finding Marley on the DVD). The film was shot on location in Florida's West Palm Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood, Miami, and Dolphin Stadium, in addition to Philadelphia and West Chester in Pennsylvania. The Irish honeymoon scenes were shot in and around Ballynahinch Castle, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The film's score was composed by Theodore Shapiro, who previously had worked with director Frankel on ""The

"John Grogan (journalist)"
John Grogan (journalist) John Joseph Grogan ( ; born March 20, 1957) is an American journalist and non-fiction writer. His memoir ""Marley & Me"" (2005) was a best selling book about his family's dog Marley. Grogan was born to a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent in Detroit, Michigan on March 20, 1957, the youngest of four siblings. His father, Richard, was an engineer for General Motors, while his mother, Ruth Marie, was a stay-at-home mom. Not long after he was born, the family moved to Harbor Hills, in Orchard Lake Village, Michigan. The neighbourhood served as the setting for

in first-person narrative, the book portrays Grogan and his family's life during the thirteen years that they lived with their dog Marley, and the relationships and lessons from this period. Marley, a yellow Labrador Retriever, is described as a high-strung, boisterous, and somewhat uncontrolled dog. He is strong, powerful, endlessly hungry, eager to be active, and often destructive of their property (but completely without malice). Marley routinely fails to ""get the idea"" of what humans expect of him; at one point, mental illness is suggested as a plausible explanation for his behavior. His acts and behaviors are forgiven, however, since

"Bob Marley"
started to teach Marley how to play guitar—thereby creating the bedrock that would later allow Marley to construct some of the biggest-selling reggae songs in the history of the genre. In February 1962, Marley recorded four songs, ""Judge Not"", ""One Cup of Coffee"", ""Do You Still Love Me?"" and ""Terror"", at Federal Studios for local music producer Leslie Kong. Three of the songs were released on Beverley's with ""One Cup of Coffee"" being released under the pseudonym Bobby Martell. In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith were called the Teenagers. They later

and Spanish. Bonus features on the two-disc set include ""Finding Marley"", ""Breaking the Golden Rule"", ""On Set with Marley: Dog of All Trades"", ""Animal Adoption"", ""When Not to Pee"", ""How Many Takes"", a gag reel, and the Purina Dog Chow Video Hall of Fame and ""Marley & Me"" video contest finalists. The DVD has sold a total of 3,514,154 copies generating $61.41 million in sales revenue. A prequel to the film, """", was released direct-to-video on June 1, 2011. Marley & Me (film) Marley & Me is a 2008 American comedy-drama film about the titular dog, Marley. It was directed

"Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)"
Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye) ""Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)"" is a song recorded by Gladys Knight & the Pips. Released on December 26, 1972 on Motown's Soul Records imprint as S 35098, it became one of their biggest hit singles to date, and was also the last single the group released prior to them leaving Motown for Buddah Records in February 1973. By 1972, Gladys Knight & The Pips had spent six and a half years with Motown Records, having signed with the label in

"Value-added tax in the United Kingdom"
to 5% on sanitary protection products (from 1 January 2001); children's car seats (from 1 April 2001); conversion and renovation of certain residential properties (from 12 May 2001); contraceptives (from 1 July 2006); and smoking cessation products (from 1 July 2007). In response to the late-2000s recession, Labour Chancellor Alistair Darling announced in November 2008 that the standard rate of VAT would be reduced from 17.5% to 15% with effect from 1 December 2008. In December 2009, Darling announced that the standard rate of VAT would return to 17.5% with effect from 1 January 2010. In the run up to

rate, 20% since 4 January 2011. Some goods and services are subject to VAT at a reduced rate of 5% (such as domestic fuel) or 0% (such as most food and children's clothing). Others are exempt from VAT or outside the system altogether. Under EU law, the standard rate of VAT in any EU state cannot be lower than 15%. Each state may have up to two reduced rates of at least 5% for a restricted list of goods and services. The European Council must approve any temporary reduction of VAT in the public interest. VAT is an indirect tax

April 1973. The Conservative Chancellor Lord Barber set a single VAT rate (10%) on most goods and services. In July 1974, Labour Chancellor Denis Healey reduced the standard rate of VAT from 10% to 8% but introduced a new higher rate of 12.5% for petrol and some luxury goods. In November 1974, Healey doubled the higher rate of VAT to 25%. Healey reduced the higher rate back to 12.5% in April 1976. Conservative Chancellor Geoffrey Howe increased the standard rate of VAT from 8% to 15% and abolished the higher rate in June 1979. The rate remained unchanged until 1991,

the 2010 general election there were reports that the Conservatives would raise VAT if they gained power. The party denied the reports. Following the election in May 2010, the Conservatives formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats. In the 2010 budget, described by PM David Cameron as an ""emergency budget"", Chancellor George Osborne announced that the standard rate of VAT would increase from 17.5% to 20% with effect from 4 January 2011. Before the 2015 general election Labour claimed that the Conservatives would raise VAT to 22.5% if they were re-elected and Osborne reputedly refused to deny the claim.

"Ad valorem tax"
increased to 12.5% on 1 July 1989 and 15% on 1 October 2010. A common VAT system is compulsory for the member states of the European Union. The EU VAT system is imposed by a series of European Union directives, the most important of which is the Sixth VAT Directive (Directive 77/388/EC). Nevertheless, some member states have negotiated variable rates (Madeira in Portugal) or VAT exemption for regions or territories. The regions below fall out of the scope of EU VAT: Under the EU system of VAT, where a person carrying on an economic activity supplies goods and services to

when Conservative Chancellor Norman Lamont increased it from 15% to 17.5%. The additional revenue was used to pay for a reduction in the hugely unpopular community charge. During the 1992 general election the Conservatives promised not to extend the scope of VAT but in March 1993, Lamont announced that domestic fuel and power, which had previously been zero-rated, would have VAT levied at 8% from April 1994 and the full 17.5% from April 1995. The planned introduction of VAT on domestic fuel and power went ahead in April 1994, but the increase from 8% to 17.5% in April 1995 was

"Value-added tax"
rate of VAT is 5%. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia VAT system was implemented in 1 January 2018 at 5% rate. VAT was introduced into the Indian taxation system from 1 April 2005. Of the then 28 Indian states, eight did not introduce VAT at first instance. There is uniform VAT rate of 5% and 14.5% all over India. The government of Tamil Nadu introduced an act by the name Tamil Nadu Value Added Tax Act 2006 which came into effect from the 1 January 2007. It was also known as the TN-VAT. Under the BJP government, a new national

"European Union value added tax"
directive is published in all EU official languages. The European Community Treaty (""EC Treaty"") authorises the Council and the Commission to make regulations and issue directives. The EU VAT system is regulated by a series of European Union directives, the most important of which is the Sixth VAT Directive. This directive has been updated and replaced by another directive since 1 January 2007. Important changes will occur when a subsequent Directive will address the issue on ""the place of supply of services"" and will be in force on 1 January 2010. Most member states already had a system of VAT

applied to the wholesale price, initially at a rate of 33%. This was doubled in April 1942 to 66%, and further increased in April 1943 to a rate of 100%, before reverting in April 1946 to 33% again. Unlike VAT, Purchase Tax was applied at the point of manufacture and distribution, not at the point of sale. The rate of Purchase Tax at the start of 1973, when it gave way to VAT, was 25%. On 1 January 1973 the UK joined the European Economic Community and as a consequence Purchase Tax was replaced by Value Added Tax on 1

the French introduced it in 1958. Maurice Lauré, Joint Director of the France Tax Authority, the Direction Générale des Impôts implemented the VAT on 10 April 1954, although German industrialist Dr. Wilhelm von Siemens proposed the concept in 1918. Initially directed at large businesses, it was extended over time to include all business sectors. In France, it is the most important source of state finance, accounting for nearly 50% of state revenues. A 2017 study found that the adoption of VAT is strongly linked to countries with corporatist institutions. The amount of VAT is decided by the state as percentage

"Seattle Slew"
Seattle Slew Seattle Slew (February 15, 1974 – May 7, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred race horse who won the Triple Crown in 1977 — the tenth of thirteen horses to accomplish the feat. He is one of two horses to have won the Triple Crown while having been undefeated in any previous race; the second was Justify, who won the Triple Crown in 2018 and who is descended from Seattle Slew. Honored as the 1977 Horse of the Year, he was also a champion at ages two, three, and four. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100

Eclipse Press released another book of the same title, written by Dan Mearns as part of the ""Thoroughbred Legends"" series. In 2015, the state of Kentucky starting issuing a license plate bearing Seattle Slew's image, based on a photograph by Tony Leonard. Proceeds benefit the Kentucky Equine Education Project Foundation (KEEP). Seattle Slew Seattle Slew (February 15, 1974 – May 7, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred race horse who won the Triple Crown in 1977 — the tenth of thirteen horses to accomplish the feat. He is one of two horses to have won the Triple Crown while having been

butazolidin missed the vein. While Seattle Slew slowly recovered, his owners contemplated retiring him to stud. Instead, they kept him in training for 1978 while syndicating him for a then-record $12 million. The Taylor and Hill families retained 50% of the shares while Brownwell Combs of Spendthrift Farm headed the syndication group. Seattle Slew eventually returned to training and was shipped north to Aqueduct, which held ""Seattle Slew day"" on April 29. A crowd of 25,931 cheered while Seattle Slew was led around the paddock and then taken on track for a six-furlong workout, completed handily in 1:10. On May

that Seattle Slew was the post-time favorite. Source: ""Daily Racing Form"" Seattle Slew stood at stud at Spendthrift Farm in Lexington for seven years, before moving to Three Chimneys Farm in Midway in 1985. He was the leading sire of 1984, when his son Swale (who died later that year) won the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes. He is part of a unique three generation sequence of Belmont Stakes Winners: Seattle Slew (who won the race in 1977) sired A.P. Indy (1992) who in turn sired Rags to Riches. Rags to Riches was just the third filly to win the

"Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)"
finished 4th in 1987. Sunday Silence finished 2nd in 1989. Real Quiet finished 2nd in 1998. Charismatic finished 3rd in 1999. War Emblem finished 8th in 2002. Funny Cide finished 3rd in 2003. Smarty Jones finished 2nd in 2004. Big Brown did not finish in 2008. I'll Have Another did not start (injury) 2012. California Chrome finished 4th in 2014. In the 1979-2015 period, horses who contested all three races, losing the Kentucky Derby but winning the Preakness and the Belmont were Risen Star in 1988, Hansel in 1991, Tabasco Cat in 1994, Point Given in 2001, and Afleet Alex

"Slew o' Gold"
age of 27. He is buried at Three Chimneys Farm. Slew o' Gold Slew o' Gold (April 19, 1980 – October 14, 2007) was an American thoroughbred racehorse who was voted the 1983 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Three-Year-Old Male Horse and the 1984 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Older Male Horse. Bred by Kentucky's renowned Claiborne Farm, he was owned and raced by Equusequity Stable, a partnership of Dr. Jim and Sally Hill and Mickey and Karen Taylor, who owned Oak Crest Farm in Marion County, Florida. Slew o' Gold was a half brother to the stakes winning Coastal. As a

was expected to make three or four starts in Florida, followed by a full campaign in New York's major stakes races. He was scheduled to make the first start of his four-year-old campaign on January 16, 1978 in the Tallahassee Handicap. However, he was scratched from the race on January 14 when he lost his appetite and was found to have a fever of 102. His condition then went quickly downhill, marked by weakness, dehydration and a sharp decrease in his white blood cell count. It was later revealed that his jugular vein had collapsed when a pre-race injection of

was defeated by another great-grandson of Seattle Slew, Tonalist, by Tapit. Tapit also sired the winners of the 2016 and 2017 Belmont Stakes, Creator and Tapwrit respectively. Seattle Slew was also a notable broodmare sire, leading the North American list in both 1995 and 1996. His daughters produced (among others) Cigar, the leading North American money-earner of his day. Seattle Slew underwent spinal fusion surgery at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital for a neurological condition in 2000, followed by a second surgery in 2002. Upon recovery from the second surgery, he was moved to Hill 'n' Dale Farm to recover:

Slew o' Gold Slew o' Gold (April 19, 1980 – October 14, 2007) was an American thoroughbred racehorse who was voted the 1983 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Three-Year-Old Male Horse and the 1984 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Older Male Horse. Bred by Kentucky's renowned Claiborne Farm, he was owned and raced by Equusequity Stable, a partnership of Dr. Jim and Sally Hill and Mickey and Karen Taylor, who owned Oak Crest Farm in Marion County, Florida. Slew o' Gold was a half brother to the stakes winning Coastal. As a 2-year-old, Slew o' Gold ran in only three races, winning

A.P. Indy's grandsons include Tapit. the leading North American sire in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Slew City Slew was also a good sire, whose sons include California champion Lava Man. In 2006, Lava Man became the first horse to win the Santa Anita Handicap, Hollywood Gold Cup and Pacific Classic Stakes in the same year. In 2014, Seattle Slew's great-great grandson, California Chrome, won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness. California Chrome was the second Kentucky Derby winner in a row who was a sire-line descendant of Seattle Slew, following Orb in 2013. California Chrome's bid for the Triple Crown

"Too Much Time on My Hands"
Too Much Time on My Hands ""Too Much Time on My Hands"" is the second single released from Styx's 1981 triple-platinum album ""Paradise Theatre"". It was written and sung by Tommy Shaw, who also plays the lead guitar solo during the break in the song. The inspiration for its lyrics came from Shaw's experiences in a bar in Niles, Michigan, U.S. It reached No. 9 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, No. 2 on the Top Rock Tracks chart, and No. 4 on the ""RPM"" Top Singles chart of Canada. The song enjoyed a small revival when ""The Tonight Show""

"Time on My Hands (song)"
Kathryn Grayson. ""Who Wrote That Song?"" by Dick Jacobs and Harriet Jacobs. Published ""Writers Digest Books"" Time on My Hands (song) ""Time on My Hands"" is a popular song with music by Vincent Youmans and lyrics by Harold Adamson and Mack Gordon, published in 1930. Introduced in the musical ""Smiles"" by Marilyn Miller and Paul Gregory, it is sometimes also co-credited to Reginald Connelly. The song was used in the Marilyn Miller biopic ""Look for the Silver Lining"" (1949) when it was performed by Gordon MacRae and June Haver at the Broadway rehearsal and during the opening night show. It

Time on My Hands (song) ""Time on My Hands"" is a popular song with music by Vincent Youmans and lyrics by Harold Adamson and Mack Gordon, published in 1930. Introduced in the musical ""Smiles"" by Marilyn Miller and Paul Gregory, it is sometimes also co-credited to Reginald Connelly. The song was used in the Marilyn Miller biopic ""Look for the Silver Lining"" (1949) when it was performed by Gordon MacRae and June Haver at the Broadway rehearsal and during the opening night show. It was also employed in the 1953 film ""So This Is Love"" when it was sung by

host Jimmy Fallon started talking about the music video after hearing the song on the radio in April 2016. This culminated with the episode on April 29, 2016 when Fallon showed a shot-by-shot reenactment of the video with him and guest Paul Rudd on the show. In this video Fallon plays the part of Dennis DeYoung and Rudd plays Tommy Shaw, with A.D. Miles as James Young, Seth Herzog as John Panozzo, and Gerard Bradford as Chuck Panozzo. Tommy Shaw has commented positively and said he was impressed with Fallon's vocals. Too Much Time on My Hands ""Too Much Time

"Too Many People"
Too Many People ""Too Many People"" is a song by Paul McCartney from he and his wife Linda McCartney's 1971 album ""Ram"" as well as the B-side of the ""Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey"" single. ""Too Many People"" was written as a dig at McCartney's former bandmate and songwriting partner John Lennon, as well as his wife Yoko Ono. The song also begins with the line ""piss off"", later revealed to be a direct attack on Lennon. McCartney sang falsetto during parts of the bridge. The guitar solo between the second bridge and third stanza is played by Hugh McCracken. The second

"Not Enough Time"
album. Australian singer, Deni Hines, featured as a backing vocalist on the song and also married guitarist, Kirk Pengilly, a year later in 1993. The song appears on the compilation album ""Barcelona Gold"", released to coincide with the 1992 Summer Olympics. A video has been released for the song on YouTube on 3 August 2011. The B-sides include a solo compositions from bassist Gary Beers; ""Firma Terror"" and another by Lead guitarist Kirk Pengilly entitled ""Light the Planet"" as well as ""Deepest Red"", an outtake from the ""X"" album. The song reached #28 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, the band's

"My Hands"
by Manny Marroquin at Larrabee Studios in Universal City, California; he was assisted in the process by Christian Plata and Erik Madrid. Stephem Simmonds contributed background vocals. Lasting for a duration of , ""My Hands"" is a song about ""life after the end of a relationship."" It is composed in the key of D major using common time and is 80 beats per minute. Andy Gill for ""The Independent"" listed it as one of the top four tracks to download from ""Echo"", along with ""Happy"", ""Lost Then Found"" and ""Brave"". A reviewer for CBBC's ""Newsround"" labelled the song, along with

last top 40 hit in the States until 2005's comeback single, ""Pretty Vegas"". Not Enough Time ""Not Enough Time"" is the third single from the 1992 album ""Welcome to Wherever You Are"", it was released simultaneously with ""Baby Don't Cry"" (Europe and Australia) but only in the US and Japan, by Australian rock band INXS. The song was written by Andrew Farriss and Michael Hutchence, the music in Sydney and the lyrics in Paris, France. The lyrics to the song were originally intended for another composition from Welcome To Wherever You Are, which became later became the album's opening song

Not Enough Time ""Not Enough Time"" is the third single from the 1992 album ""Welcome to Wherever You Are"", it was released simultaneously with ""Baby Don't Cry"" (Europe and Australia) but only in the US and Japan, by Australian rock band INXS. The song was written by Andrew Farriss and Michael Hutchence, the music in Sydney and the lyrics in Paris, France. The lyrics to the song were originally intended for another composition from Welcome To Wherever You Are, which became later became the album's opening song 'Questions'. The original version can be heard on the 2002 remaster of the

"Time to Waste"
Waste"" in a hangar to the accompaniment of lighting effects and background projection screens. Time to Waste ""Time to Waste"" is a song by the Chicago-based punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the first single from their 2005 album ""Crimson"". ""Time to Waste"" was released to radio on May 24, 2005. It peaked at #40 on ""Billboard""'s Modern Rock Tracks chart, #32 on the UK Singles Chart, and #97 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles. It was backed with the B-side songs ""We Can Never Break Up"" and ""Don't Say You Won't"" from the album's recording sessions. The song's

"Double (basketball)"
points-rebounds combination with 840, and John Stockton leads the points-assists combination with 714. A triple-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in three of the five categories in a game. The most common way to achieve a triple-double is through points, rebounds, and assists. Oscar Robertson leads the all-time NBA list with 181 career triple-doubles and is, with Russell Westbrook, one of only two players ever to average a triple-double for a season. Westbrook currently holds the record for most triple-doubles in a season with 42 and is the only person to average a triple-double for two consecutive

An earlier player, Jackie Spencer of Louisville, accomplished the feat against Cincinnati during the 1984–85 season, but the NCAA did not record assists and steals throughout Division I women's basketball at that time. The Metro Conference, then home to both schools, did officially record these statistics, but the NCAA did not start doing so until 1985–86 for assists and 1987–88 for steals. Quadruple-doubles have only been possible since the 1973–74 season, when the NBA started recording both blocked shots and steals. It is often speculated by observers that other all-time greats, namely Oscar Robertson (all time triple-doubles leader with 181),

The following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders: A quadruple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in four of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots—in a game. This feat is extremely rare: only four players have officially recorded a quadruple-double in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The first American male player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Nate Thurmond, who achieved this feat in 1974 while playing for the NBA's Chicago Bulls. The first American female player above the high school

Double (basketball) In basketball, a double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in one of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. Multiple players usually score double-digit points in any given basketball game; the double nomenclature is usually reserved for when a player has double-digit totals in more than one category. A double-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in two of the statistical five categories in a game. The most common double-double combination is points-rebounds, followed by points-assists. Since the season, Tim Duncan leads the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the

the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt. From the to the , the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 36 games. From the to the , the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 22 games. Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles. Since the season, 25 triple-doubles have been recorded by players coming off the bench; Detlef Schrempf recorded three with the Indiana Pacers.

A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points, rebounds, and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game. The origin of the term ""triple-double"" is unclear. Some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility, while

established in 1983, all of them have won NBA Defensive Player of the Year at least once. Robertson is the only player who was not a center to accomplish the feat, doing so with steals rather than blocks. Only seven other players (Clyde Drexler did it twice) have managed to finish with triple-doubles and a total of 9 in a fourth statistical category (statistical categories in which they fell short are in bold): Notes Notes A quintuple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in all five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and

referred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game. Another such double-double is called a triple-double-double (also referred to as 30–30). The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game. The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the season:

level to officially record a quadruple-double was Ann Meyers, who achieved this feat in 1978 while playing for the UCLA Bruins, when women's college sports were under the auspices of the AIAW. The first male player in NCAA Division I history to record a quadruple-double was Lester Hudson in 2007. The first Division I women's player to have officially recorded a quadruple-double since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981–82 was Veronica Pettry of Loyola–Chicago in 1989. Only three other women have done so since, and Shakyla Hill's quadruple-double for Grambling State in 2018 was the first since 1993.

Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell and Jerry West could conceivably have had quadruple-doubles. West's biography at NBA.com claims that he once recorded an unofficial quadruple-double with 44 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 blocks. A biography of Wilt Chamberlain claims that he also recorded an unofficial quadruple-double in Game 1 of the 1967 Eastern Division Finals against the Boston Celtics, when he had 24 points, 32 rebounds, 13 assists and 12 blocks. The four players listed below are the only players who have officially recorded a quadruple-double in an NBA game. Except for Thurmond, who retired before the award was

including Super Bowl LII. As a result of the deal, the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time, regardless of network (because of Verizon's previous exclusive rights deal, non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts, regardless of source). The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers. Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC's pre-game coverage. Mike Tirico, who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as

Major Instinct"" sermon on the virtues of serving others (February 4, 2018 was also the 50th anniversary of the sermon). The ad was considered an exploitation of King's words to sell a product, with media outlets noting that the sermon in the ad went on to specifically criticize advertisers (including automobile manufacturers) for being ""gentlemen of massive verbal persuasion"". NBC's lead-out program was an episode of ""This Is Us"", titled ""Super Bowl Sunday"", alongside a special episode of ""The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon"" from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast

in line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year. According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%. Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of

2017—featuring blue and purple hues and aurora motifs. NBC broadcast Super Bowl LII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. NBC's lead NFL team of play-by-play man Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth called the game. Sister cable network Universo carried a full Spanish language broadcast produced by Telemundo Deportes, with Edgar Lopez and Rene Giraldo. The Universo Spanish audio was also available on NBC through the SAP channel, where available. NBC employed 73 cameras within the stadium, and introduced ""volumetric-AR"" graphics featuring 3D body scanning of players, and a

"Motor neuron"
and along with the signals, determine whether a motor neuron will be more rostral or caudal in character. In the spinal column, Hox 4-11 sort motor neurons to one of the five motor columns. Upper motor neurons originate in the motor cortex located in the precentral gyrus. The cells that make up the primary motor cortex are Betz cells, which are a type of pyramidal cell. The axons of these cells descend from the cortex to form the corticospinal tract. Nerve tracts are bundles of axons as white matter, that carry action potentials to their effectors. In the spinal cord

"Alpha motor neuron"
neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates is a motor unit. A motor neuron pool contains the cell bodies of all the alpha motor neurons involved in contracting a single muscle. Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs) innervating the head and neck are found in the brainstem; the remaining α-MNs innervate the rest of the body and are found in the spinal cord. There are more α-MNs in the spinal cord than in the brainstem, as the number of α-MNs is directly proportional to the amount of fine motor control in that muscle. For example, the muscles of a single finger have

"Upper motor neuron"
the most important areas in the frontal lobe. The precentral gyrus is the most posterior gyrus of the frontal lobe and it lies anterior to the central sulcus. The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are also called upper motor neurons. The fibers of the upper motor neurons project out of the precentral gyrus ending in the brainstem, where they will decussate (intersect) within the lower medulla oblongata to form the lateral corticospinal tract on each side of the spinal cord. The fibers that do not decussate will pass through the medulla and continue on to form the anterior corticospinal

"Motor cortex"
cytoarchitectonics, or the study of the appearance of the cortex under a microscope. The primary motor cortex contains cells with giant cell bodies known as ""Betz cells"". These cells were mistakenly thought to be the main outputs from the cortex, sending fibers to the spinal cord. It has since been found that Betz cells account for about 2-3% of the projections from the cortex to the spinal cord, or about 10% of the projections from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord. The specific function of the Betz cells that distinguishes them from other output cells of the motor

Motor neuron A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. There are two types of motor neuron – upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons. The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the

all cranial nerve nuclei contain α-MNs; those that do are ""motor nuclei"", while others are ""sensory nuclei"". Motor nuclei are found throughout the brainstem—medulla, pons, and midbrain—and for developmental reasons are found near the midline of the brainstem. Generally, motor nuclei found higher in the brainstem (i.e., more rostral) innervate muscles that are higher on the face. For example, the oculomotor nucleus contains α-MNs that innervate muscles of the eye, and is found in the midbrain, the most rostral brainstem component. By contrast, the hypoglossal nucleus, which contains α-MNs that innervate the tongue, is found in the medulla, the most

more α-MNs per fiber, and more α-MNs in total, than the muscles of the quadriceps, which allows for finer control of the force a finger applies. In general, α-MNs on one side of the brainstem or spinal cord innervate muscles on that same side of body. An exception is the trochlear nucleus in the brainstem, which innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye on the opposite side of the face. In the brainstem, α-MNs and other neurons reside within clusters of cells called ""nuclei"", some of which contain the cell bodies of neurons belonging to the cranial nerves. Not

"Primary motor cortex"
shortly before reaching the lower motor neurons. Corticomotorneurons are neurons in the primary cortex which project directly to motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Axons of corticomotorneurons terminate on the spinal motor neurons of multiple muscles as well as on spinal interneurons. They are unique to primates and it has been suggested that their function is the adaptive control of the distal extremities (e.g. the hands) including the relatively independent control of individual fingers. Corticomotorneurons have so far only been found in the primary motor cortex and not in secondary motor areas. Branches of the middle

contraction/relaxation of a muscle), and an extensor plantar response known as the Babinski sign. Upper motor neuron Upper motor neurons (UMNs) are the main source of voluntary movement. They are found in the brain and carry motor information down the spinal cord to activate the lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract. They are a type of giant pyramidal cell called ""Betz cells"" and are found just below the surface of the cerebral cortex within layer V of the primary motor cortex. The cell bodies of ""Betz cell"" neurons are the largest in the brain, approaching

"Motor system"
Motor system The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system. The pyramidal motor system, also called the pyramidal tract or the corticospinal tract, start in the motor center of the cerebral cortex. There are upper and lower motor neurons in the corticospinal tract. The motor impulses originate in the giant pyramidal cells or Betz cells of the motor area; i.e., precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex. These are the upper motor neurons (UMN) of the corticospinal tract. The axons of these cells pass in the

Anawrahta
Anawrahta Anawrahta Minsaw (, ; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire. Considered the father of the Burmese nation, Anawrahta turned a small principality in the dry zone of Upper Burma into the first Burmese Empire that formed the basis of modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Historically verifiable Burmese history begins with his accession to the Pagan throne in 1044. Anawrahta unified the entire Irrawaddy valley for the first time in history, and placed peripheral regions such as the Shan States and Arakan (Rakhine) under Pagan's suzerainty. He successfully stopped the advance of Khmer Empire

Anawrahta
in Ceylon, the Buddhist school's original home. The success of Pagan dynasty made Theravada Buddhism's later growth in Lan Na (northern Thailand), Siam (central Thailand), Lan Xang (Laos), and Khmer Empire (Cambodia) in the 13th and 14th centuries possible. Anawrahta is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history. His life stories (legends) are a staple of Burmese folklore and retold in popular literature and theater. Anawrahta was born Min Saw (, ) to King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu and Queen Myauk Pyinthe on 11 May 1044. The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign.

Ayodhya
the Ramgar fort, and built 360 temples. Vikramditya was a title of multiple Gupta kings, and the king who moved the capital to Ayodhya is identified as Skandagupta. Bakker theorizes that the move to Ayodhya may have been prompted by a flooding of the river Ganges at Pataliputra, the need to check the Huna advance from the west, and Skandagupta's desire to compare himself with Rama (whose Ikshvaku dynasty is associated with the legendary Ayodhya). According to Paramaratha's ""Life of Vasubandhu"", Vikramaditya was a patron of scholars, and awarded 300,000 pieces of gold to Vasubandhu. The text states that Vasubandhu

Abhiyaza
Abhiyaza Abhiyaza ( ; d. 825 BCE) was the legendary founder of the Kingdom of Tagaung, and that of Burmese monarchy, according to the 19th century chronicle ""Hmannan Yazawin"". He reportedly belonged to the same Sakya clan of the Buddha. However, prior Burmese chronicles down to the 18th century trace the origin of the monarchy to another legendary figure Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess. Scholars view the Abhiyaza story as an attempt by the chroniclers of ""Hmannan"" to move away from then prevailing pre-Buddhist origin narrative of the monarchy. According to ""Hmannan"", the origins

"Ahom dynasty"
""Bamuni Konwar"" (1397–1407). This was the occasion when the first coins in the new king's name were minted. Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811) and Chandrakanta Singha's (1811–1818) coronations were not performed on the advice of Prime minister Purnananda Burhagohain, due to the financial constraints of State treasury caused by the internal disturbances during Moamoria rebellion. Kings who died in office were buried in vaults called Moidam, at Charaideo. Some of the earlier Moidams were looted by Mir Jumla in the 17th century, and are lost. Some later kings, especially with Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769), who were cremated had their ashes buried. On ascent,

Bhoja
The ""Chintamani-Sarnika"" (1055 CE) was composed by Bhoja's court poet Dasabala. An inscription of Bhoja's successor Jayasimha I is also dated 1055 CE. Thus, 1055 CE can be taken as the last year of Bhoja's reign. Based on these evidences, scholars such as Pratipal Bhatia assign Bhoja's reign to 1010–1055 CE. However, some scholars assign the beginning of Bhoja's reign variously between 1000 CE and 1010 CE, based on their interpretations of inscriptions and legendary texts. For example, Merutunga's ""Prabandha-Chintamani"" states that Bhoja ruled for 55 years, 7 months and 3 days Based on this, scholars such as D. C.

Ramapala
Ramapala Ramapala (reigned 1082–1124 AD) was the successor to the Pala king Shurapala II in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, and fifteenth ruler of the Pala line. Rampala is recognised as the last great ruler of the dynasty, managing to restore much of the past glory of the Pala lineage. He crushed the Varendra Rebellion and extended his empire farther to Kamarupa, Orissa and Northern India. He was succeeded by Kumarapala. According to Bengali legend he died by walking into the sea. Sandhyakar Nandi, the court poet of Ramapala wrote a Sanskrit two meaning base poem-like novel Ramacharitam.

Vijayapala
Vijayapala Vijayapala (IAST: Vijayapāla; reigned c. 1035-1050 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh). Vijayapala was born to the Chandela ruler Vidyadhara. No inscription from his reign is available. He is mentioned in several Chandela inscriptions, but most of these contain only vague eulogies. For example, the Mau stone inscription declares that he killed all wicked men and put an end to the Kali Yuga. By the end of Vidyadhara's reign, the Ghaznavid invasions had weakened the Chandela kingdom. Taking advantage of this,

"Maha Sammata"
Maha Sammata Maha Sammata (; ; also spelled Mahasammata; lit. ""the Great Elect"") was the first monarch of the world according to Buddhist tradition. The chronicles of Theravada Buddhist tradition such as ""Mahavamsa"" and ""Maha Yazawin"" state that he was the founder of the Sakya dynasty, to which the historical Buddha belonged. He was the first of the eleven world monarchs named Maha Sammata, each of whom founded the eleven dynasties that existed from the beginning to the day of the Buddha. The future king was born ""in the beginning of the world"" in Jambudvipa, the only habitable continent on

Bhoja
Bhoja Bhoja (reigned c. 1010–1055 CE) was an Indian king from the Paramara dynasty. His kingdom was centered around the Malwa region in central India, where his capital Dhara-nagara (modern Dhar) was located. Bhoja fought wars with nearly all his neighbours in attempts to extend his kingdom, with varying degrees of success. At its zenith, his kingdom extended from Chittor in the north to upper Konkan in the south, and from the Sabarmati River in the west to Vidisha in the east. Bhoja is best known as a patron of arts, literature, and sciences. The establishment of the Bhoj Shala,

"The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)"
he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album. Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but he became seriously ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw; none of his contributions (mostly involving the song ""Masquerade"") are credited in the show. Richard Stilgoe, the lyricist for ""Starlight Express,"" wrote most of the original lyrics for the production. Charles Hart, a young and then-relatively unknown lyricist, later rewrote many of the lyrics, along with original lyrics for ""Think of Me"". Some of Stilgoe's original contributions are still present in the final version, however. Inspired in

The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical) The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart. Richard Stilgoe and Lloyd Webber wrote the musical's book together. Stilgoe also provided additional lyrics. Based on the eponymous French novel by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Paris Opéra House. The musical opened in London's West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It won the 1986 Olivier Award

"The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)"
The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song) ""The Phantom of the Opera"" is a song from the stage musical of the same name. It was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics written by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe, and additional lyrics by Mike Batt. The song was originally recorded by Sarah Brightman and Steve Harley, which became a UK hit single in 1986, prior to the musical. In its theatrical debut, it was sung by Brightman and Michael Crawford in their roles as Christine Daaé and the Phantom. The song is performed in Act I after the

"Andrew Lloyd Webber"
Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals, notably ""The Music of the Night"" and ""All I Ask of You"" from ""The Phantom of the Opera"", ""I Don't Know How to Love

make the leap from film to stage. Later, in New York, Lloyd Webber found a second-hand copy of the original, long-out-of-print Leroux novel, which supplied the necessary inspiration to develop a musical: ""I was actually writing something else at the time, and I realised that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story, and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career. Then with the Phantom, it was there!"" Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his ""dark obsessive side"", but

Lindsey Stirling did an accompanied instrumental version of the song on her ""Phantom of the Opera"" single in 2012. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song) ""The Phantom of the Opera"" is a song from the stage musical of the same name. It was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics written by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe, and additional lyrics by Mike Batt. The song was originally recorded by Sarah Brightman and Steve Harley, which became a UK hit single in 1986, prior to the musical. In its theatrical debut, it was sung by Brightman and Michael

"The Music of the Night"
The Music of the Night ""The Music of the Night"" (also labeled as just ""Music of the Night"") is a major song, as a male solo, from the 1986 musical ""The Phantom of the Opera"". The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Charles Hart. It has appeared on multiple soundtracks of the musical, such as the original cast version in which English actor Michael Crawford sings the song. Initially made famous by Michael Crawford, the actor who originated the role of the Phantom both in the West End and on Broadway, the song has sold millions

Melbourne run ended on 12 December 2011 the production moved to the Capitol Theatre in Sydney where it played from January to April 2012. The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical) The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart. Richard Stilgoe and Lloyd Webber wrote the musical's book together. Stilgoe also provided additional lyrics. Based on the eponymous French novel by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath

Tosca
French, German, Spanish, Hungarian and Russian have been issued. An admired English language version was released in 1995 in which David Parry led the Philharmonia Orchestra and a largely British cast. Since the late 1990s numerous video recordings of the opera have been issued on DVD and Blu-ray disc (BD). These include recent productions and remastered versions of historic performances. The orchestral score of ""Tosca"" was published in late 1899 by Casa Ricordi. Despite some dissatisfaction expressed by Ricordi concerning the final act, the score remained relatively unchanged in the 1909 edition. An unamended edition was published by Dover Press

would be viable to bring the show to Broadway. It received positive reviews and was No.1 on DVD charts in the UK and Ireland, and did well in America. Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were hits

Help!
Help! Help! is the fifth studio album by English rock band the Beatles and the soundtrack from their film ""Help!"". It was released on 6 August 1965. Produced by George Martin, it was the fifth UK album release by the band, and contains fourteen songs in its original British form. Seven of these, including the singles ""Help!"" and ""Ticket to Ride"", appeared in the film and took up the first side of the vinyl album. The second side contained seven other releases including the most-covered song ever written, ""Yesterday"". The American release was a true soundtrack album, mixing the first

Help!
the soundtrack of the film ""Help!"" (tracks 1–7) were mixed into 5.1 surround sound for the film's 2007 DVD release. Help! Help! is the fifth studio album by English rock band the Beatles and the soundtrack from their film ""Help!"". It was released on 6 August 1965. Produced by George Martin, it was the fifth UK album release by the band, and contains fourteen songs in its original British form. Seven of these, including the singles ""Help!"" and ""Ticket to Ride"", appeared in the film and took up the first side of the vinyl album. The second side contained seven

"Help! (song)"
Help! (song) ""Help!"" is a song by the Beatles that served as the title song for both the 1965 film and its soundtrack album. It was released as a single in July 1965, and was number one for three weeks in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Credited to Lennon–McCartney, ""Help!"" was written by John Lennon with some assistance from Paul McCartney. During an interview with ""Playboy"" in 1980, Lennon recounted: ""The whole Beatles thing was just beyond comprehension. I was subconsciously crying out for help"". It was ranked at number 29 on ""Rolling Stone""'s 500 Greatest Songs

in December. The song reached number one in several other countries in 1965 according to charts listed in ""Billboard's"" ""Hits of the World"" feature at the time: Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, and Sweden. Help! (song) ""Help!"" is a song by the Beatles that served as the title song for both the 1965 film and its soundtrack album. It was released as a single in July 1965, and was number one for three weeks in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Credited to Lennon–McCartney, ""Help!"" was written by John Lennon with some assistance from Paul McCartney. During an

"Help! (George Martin album)"
Help! (George Martin album) Help! is a 1965 album by the George Martin Orchestra, the second of a series of albums by Martin featuring instrumental arrangements of Beatle songs. This release focused on songs from their album ""Help!"". Unlike his other albums, the UK issue is not on Martin's Parlophone label, but on EMI's sister Columbia Graphophone's Studio 2 Stereo series label. All songs by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, except where noted. At the end of Pink Floyd's 1973 album ""The Dark Side of the Moon"", on the track ""Eclipse"", a section of the orchestral version of ""Ticket to

"The Help Album"
The Help Album The Help Album is a 1995 charity album to raise funds for the War Child charity, which provided aid war-stricken areas, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. All the songs were recorded in a single day. The album features British and Irish artists including Oasis, Blur, Radiohead and Manic Street Preachers. It was followed by ""1 Love"" (2002), ""Hope"" (2003), """" (2005) and ""War Child Presents Heroes"" (2009). The album's recording was inspired by the concept behind John Lennon's ""Instant Karma!"" – records, like newspapers, should be released as soon as they are recorded. ""Help"" was recorded on

house in Weybridge. The Beatles recorded ""Help!"" in 12 takes on 13 April 1965 using four-track equipment. The first nine takes concentrated on the instrumental backing. The descending lead guitar riff that precedes each verse proved to be difficult, so by take 4 it was decided to postpone it for an overdub. To guide the later overdub by George Harrison, Lennon thumped the beat on his acoustic guitar body, which can be heard in the final stereo mix. Lead and backing vocals were recorded twice onto take 9, along with a tambourine. A reduction mix was applied to the two

"The Help (film)"
the 84th Academy Awards, Octavia Spencer won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in this film. The film also received three other Academy Award nominations: Academy Award for Best Picture, Academy Award for Best Actress for Viola Davis, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Jessica Chastain. The original song is ""The Living Proof"" by Mary J. Blige. The soundtrack was released on July 26, 2011, through Geffen Records. The film's score was composed and conducted by Thomas Newman; Varèse Sarabande released a score album on September 13, 2011. The Help (film) The Help is

Help!
to be included on a Beatles album since ""Don't Bother Me"" on 1963's ""With the Beatles"". The record contained two cover versions and a few tracks more closely related to the group's previous pop output, but still marked a decisive step forward. The record sleeve-note shows that Lennon and McCartney made more extensive and prominent use of keyboards, previously played unobtrusively by Martin. Four-track overdubbing technology encouraged this. Lennon, for his part, made much greater use of acoustic guitar, forsaking his famous Rickenbacker. The original LP's format of featuring songs from the soundtrack on side one and non-soundtrack songs on

four categories at the 1966 Grammy Awards but failed to win in any of them. The song appears on the ""Help!"" LP, the US ""Help!"" soundtrack, ""1962–1966"", the """" soundtrack, ""1"", ""Love"", and ""The Capitol Albums, Volume 2"". The mono version (with different vocals and no tambourine) was included on the Beatles' ""Rarities"" LP and in ""The Beatles in Mono"" collection. The American soundtrack album included a James Bond-type introduction to the song, followed by a caesura just before the opening lyric. No such introduction appeared on the British soundtrack album, nor was it included in the released single in

"George I of Great Britain"
George I of Great Britain George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698 until his death in 1727. George was born in Hanover and inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. A succession of European wars expanded his German domains during his lifetime, and in 1708 he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover. At the age of 54, after the

"George II of Great Britain"
George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; ; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death in 1760. George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany. His grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, became second in line to the British throne after about 50 Catholics higher in line were excluded by the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Acts of

the Hanoverian quarter differenced overall by a label of three points argent. The crest included the single arched coronet of his rank. As king, he used the royal arms as used by his father undifferenced. Caroline's ten pregnancies resulted in eight live births. One of their children died in infancy, and seven lived to adulthood. George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; ; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until

"George III of the United Kingdom"
he was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover. His life and with it his reign, which were longer than those of any of his predecessors, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of Britain's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars

George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (""Hanover"") in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two predecessors,

"George IV of the United Kingdom"
George IV of the United Kingdom George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness. George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash

77th birthday. The search for a suitable wife intensified. On 8 September 1761 in the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace, the King married Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whom he met on their wedding day. A fortnight later on 22 September both were crowned at Westminster Abbey. George remarkably never took a mistress (in contrast with his grandfather and his sons), and the couple enjoyed a genuinely happy marriage until his mental illness struck. They had 15 children—nine sons and six daughters. In 1762, George purchased Buckingham House (on the site now occupied by Buckingham Palace) for use as a family

escutcheon surmounted by a crown. George IV of the United Kingdom George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness. George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and

1776, but lost Boston, and the grand strategic plan of invading from Canada and cutting off New England failed with the surrender of the British Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga. George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the revolutionaries in America, despite the opinions of his own ministers. In the words of the Victorian author George Trevelyan, the King was determined ""never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their contumacy by the indefinite prolongation of a war which promised to be eternal."" The King wanted

North asked to transfer power to Lord Chatham, whom he thought more capable, but George refused to do so; he suggested instead that Chatham serve as a subordinate minister in Lord North's administration, but Chatham refused to co-operate. He died later in the same year. In early 1778, France (Britain's chief rival) signed a treaty of alliance with the United States and the conflict escalated. The United States and France were soon joined by Spain and the Dutch Republic, while Britain had no major allies of its own. Lord Gower and Lord Weymouth both resigned from the government. Lord North

"Left anterior descending artery"
Left anterior descending artery The left anterior descending artery (also LAD, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, or anterior descending branch) is a branch of the left coronary artery. Occlusion of this artery is often called the ""widow-maker infarction"" due to a high death risk. It passes at first behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward between that vessel and the left atrium to reach the anterior interventricular sulcus, along which it descends to the notch of cardiac apex. Although rare, multiple anomalous courses of the LAD have been described. These include the origin of the artery from

"Left coronary artery"
Left coronary artery The left coronary artery (abbreviated LCA) is an artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It is also known as the left main coronary artery (abbreviated LMCA) and the left main stem coronary artery (abbreviated LMS). It is one of the coronary arteries. It typically runs for 10 to 25 mm and then bifurcates into the anterior interventricular artery (also called the left anterior descending (LAD) and the Widow maker) and the left circumflex artery (LCx). Sometimes an additional artery

the right aortic sinus. In 78% of cases, it reaches the apex of the heart. The LAD gives off two types of branches: ""septals"" and ""diagonals"". The artery supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex, and interventricular septum. The LAD typically supplies 45-55% of the left ventricle (LV) and is therefore considered the most critical vessel in terms of myocardial blood supply. The ""widow maker"" is an alternate name for the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. The name ""widow maker"" may also apply to the left coronary artery or severe occlusions to that artery. This term is used because

left coronary artery and follows the coronary sulcus to the left. Eventually, it will fuse with the small branches of the right coronary artery. The larger anterior interventricular artery, also known as the left anterior descending artery (LAD), is the second major branch arising from the left coronary artery. It follows the anterior interventricular sulcus around the pulmonary trunk. Along the way it gives rise to numerous smaller branches that interconnect with the branches of the posterior interventricular artery, forming anastomoses. An anastomosis is an area where vessels unite to form interconnections that normally allow blood to circulate to a

"Posterior interventricular artery"
Posterior interventricular artery In the coronary circulation, the posterior interventricular artery (PIV, PIA, or PIVA), most often called the posterior descending artery (PDA), is an artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the anterior interventricular artery or also known as Left Anterior Descending artery. It supplies the posterior third of the interventricular septum. The remaining anterior two-thirds is supplied by the anterior interventricular artery which is a septal branch of the left anterior descending artery, which is a branch of left coronary artery. It is typically a branch of the

"Right coronary artery"
Right coronary artery In the coronary circulation, the right coronary artery (RCA) is an artery originating above the right cusp of the aortic valve, at the right aortic sinus in the heart. It travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart. It branches into the posterior descending artery and the right marginal artery. Although rare, several anomalous courses of the right coronary artery have been described including origin from the left aortic sinus. At the origin of the RCA is the conus artery. In addition to supplying blood to the right ventricle (RV), the RCA supplies

Aorta
descending aorta gives rise to the intercostal and subcostal arteries, as well as to the superior and inferior left bronchial arteries and variable branches to the esophagus, mediastinum, and pericardium. Its lowest pair of branches are the superior phrenic arteries, which supply the diaphragm, and the subcostal arteries for the twelfth rib. The abdominal aorta begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. It gives rise to lumbar and musculophrenic arteries, renal and middle suprarenal arteries, and visceral arteries (the celiac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery). It

"Left gastric vein"
Left gastric vein The left gastric vein (or coronary vein) is a vein carrying deoxygenated blood that derives from tributaries draining both surfaces of the stomach; it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum, to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins. It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa and drains into the portal vein. Thus, it acts as collaterals between the portal veins and the systemic venous system of the lower esophagus (azygous vein).

25% to 35% of the left ventricle (LV). In 85% of patients (Right Dominant), the RCA gives off the posterior descending artery (PDA). In the other 15% of cases (Left Dominant), the PDA is given off by the left circumflex artery. The PDA supplies the inferior wall, ventricular septum, and the posteromedial papillary muscle. The RCA also supplies the SA nodal artery in 60% of people. The other 40% of the time, the SA nodal artery is supplied by the left circumflex artery. Right coronary artery In the coronary circulation, the right coronary artery (RCA) is an artery originating above

"Left colic artery"
Left colic artery The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the psoas major muscle, and after a short, but variable, course divides into an ascending and a descending branch; the stem of the artery or its branches cross the left ureter and left internal spermatic vessels. The ascending branch crosses in front of the left kidney and ends, between the two layers of the transverse mesocolon, by anastomosing with the middle colic artery; the descending branch anastomoses with the highest sigmoid artery. From

"Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation"
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States' primary federal law enforcement agency, and is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The FBI Director is appointed for a single 10-year term by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The FBI is an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ), and thus the Director reports to the Attorney General of the United States. The Director briefed the President on any issues that arose from within the FBI until

"Director of the United States Secret Service"
Director of the United States Secret Service The Director of the United States Secret Service is the head of the United States Secret Service, and responsible for the day-to-day operations. The Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Service is mandated by Congress to carry out a unique dual mission: safeguarding the financial and critical infrastructure of the United States, and protecting the nation’s leaders. The Director is appointed serving at the approbation of the President of the United States, and is not subject to Senate confirmation.

the ""Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004"" was enacted following the September 11 attacks. Since then, the Director reports in an additional capacity to the Director of National Intelligence, as the FBI is also part of the United States Intelligence Community. The current Director is Christopher A. Wray, who assumed the role on August 2, 2017 after being confirmed by the United States Senate, taking over from Acting Director Andrew McCabe after the dismissal of former Director James Comey by President Donald Trump. The FBI Director is appointed by the President and, since 1972, subject to confirmation by

"Federal Bureau of Investigation"
is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with the Deputy Director, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI),

"Director of National Intelligence"
Director of National Intelligence The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government Cabinet-level official—subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President of the United States—required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to: The Director produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a top-secret document including intelligence from all the various agencies, given each morning to the President of the United States. The PDB is seen by the President and those approved by the President. On July 30, 2008, President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 13470, amending Executive Order 12333 to strengthen

"Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency"
detect fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement. The Inspector General is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Inspector General, whose activities are independent of those of any other component in the Agency, reports directly to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The OIG conducts inspections, investigations, and audits at Headquarters and in the field, and oversees the Agency-wide grievance-handling system. The OIG provides a semiannual report to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency which the Director is required by law to submit to the House and Senate Intelligence Committees of Congress within 30 days. In

or her tenure in either position. The DNI is appointed by the President and is subject to confirmation by the Senate, and serves at the pleasure of the President. The current DNI is Dan Coats, who was nominated for the office on January 5, 2017, by then-President-elect Donald Trump. The DNI and Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence both resigned with effect on January 20, Trump's Inauguration day. Pending Coats' confirmation, Mike Dempsey was acting DNI from January 20, and became a member of President Trump's Cabinet on February 8, the first time that the DNI was a Cabinet-level position.

analysis and collection, and leads the execution of core mission functions. These include: Mission enablers include policy, engagement, acquisition, resource, human capital, financial, and information offices. Oversight offices include the General Counsel, civil liberties, public affairs, Inspector General, Equal Employment Opportunity, and legislative affairs functions. The line of succession for the Director of National Intelligence is as follows: Articles Director of National Intelligence The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government Cabinet-level official—subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President of the United States—required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to:

was renamed FBI in 1935. The FBI became an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, with J. Edgar Hoover receiving the current title of ""Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation"". Since 1972, Senate confirmation of nominee has been required. The line of succession for the Director of the FBI is as follows: Since the office's inception, only two Directors have been dismissed: William S. Sessions by President Bill Clinton in 1993, and James Comey by President Donald Trump

"Director of the Central Intelligence Agency"
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is a statutory office () that functions as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which in turn is a part of the United States Intelligence Community. Since February 2017, the D/CIA has been a Cabinet-level position. The Director reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and is assisted by the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Director is a civilian or a general/flag officer of the armed forces nominated by the President, with the concurring or nonconcurring recommendation from the DNI, and

"Every Light in the House"
Every Light in the House ""Every Light in the House"" is a song written by Kent Robbins and recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins. It was released in August 1996 as the second single from his debut album ""Dreamin' Out Loud"". It was his first Top 5 single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, where it peaked at #3. The song is a mid-tempo ballad mostly accompanied by piano and fiddle in which the narrator was recently split from his wife. He literally turns every single light on in the house and

album ""Did I Shave My Back for This?"", country parodist Cledus T. Judd parodied the song as ""Every Light in the House Is Blown"". Trace Adkins is featured in the music video. Every Light in the House ""Every Light in the House"" is a song written by Kent Robbins and recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins. It was released in August 1996 as the second single from his debut album ""Dreamin' Out Loud"". It was his first Top 5 single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, where it peaked at #3. The

a slew of empty Busch cans can be seen next to the generator, ultimately this scene and lyric was scrubbed and the original was used. ""Every Light in the House"" debuted at number 72 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated August 24, 1996. It charted for 21 weeks on that chart, and peaked at number 3 on the country chart dated December 14, 1996, giving Adkins the first Top 5 single of his career. In addition, it peaked at number 78 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, also marking his first entry on that chart. On his 1998

"The House of Blue Lights (song)"
The House of Blue Lights (song) ""The House of Blue Lights"" is a popular song published in 1946, written by Don Raye and Freddie Slack. It was first recorded by Freddie Slack with singer Ella Mae Morse, and was covered the same year by The Andrews Sisters. Notably for the time, the song featured a ""hipster""-style spoken introduction by Raye and Morse: The version by Morse and Slack reached # 8 on the ""Billboard"" pop chart, and the version by The Andrews Sisters reached # 15. Little Richard made reference to the ""house of blue lights"" in his 1958 hit

""Good Golly, Miss Molly"". The song itself was later recorded by Chuck Miller, Earl Richards, Merrill Moore, Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis, Freddy Cannon, Canned Heat, Commander Cody & His Lost Planet Airmen, The Flamin' Groovies, Mitch Woods, Meat Puppets, George Thorogood and others. A cover by Asleep at the Wheel peaked at number 17 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in 1987. The House of Blue Lights (song) ""The House of Blue Lights"" is a popular song published in 1946, written by Don Raye and Freddie Slack. It was first recorded by Freddie Slack with singer Ella Mae

Adkins' voice for ""communicat[ing] pain so well"" despite the singer's stature, although he considered some of the similes forced (e.g. ""the backyard's bright as the crack of dawn""). The music video for this song is in black-and-white, and begins with Adkins sitting on the porch of a house with his dog after his woman left home. He then gets off the porch, and he and some workers get to work on a power generator. Scenes also feature him singing inside of the same house which also featured an alternative sub chorus ""Drinkin' Bush Light til the crack of dawn"" whilst

"Turn Off the Lights"
""bedroom ballads"" at the time among R&B audiences as well as adult contemporary audiences, the song involves the narrator who gently tells his mate to ""turn off the lights"" in order for both to enjoy the intimate pleasures. He then transitions his vocal inflection to a rougher singing style and utilizes this command sentence: ""TURN 'EM OFF!"" ""Turn Off the Lights"" was produced by Gamble and Huff. Turn Off the Lights ""Turn Off The Lights"" was a hit for R&B crooner Teddy Pendergrass, released as a single on June 23, 1979. Released from his hit album, ""Teddy,"" the song hit

"Leave a Light On (Tom Walker song)"
Leave a Light On (Tom Walker song) ""Leave a Light On"" is a song by British singer-songwriter Tom Walker. It was released to digital retailers on 13 October 2017. The song was co-written by Walker and Steve Mac. The song reached number one in France, and reached the top 10 in Austria, Wallonia, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, while reaching the top 40 in Australia, Flanders, Poland and the Netherlands. The song reached number 7 in the UK and number 34 on the Irish Singles Chart. An acoustic version of the track, arranged and produced by Cliff Masterson was featured in

keeps them on for her in case she wants to return to his side all the while paying absolutely no attention to the intense electrical hazard this will cause or the financial burden that will ensue. Deborah Evans Price, of ""Billboard"" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that Adkin's deep, powerful voice does justice to the yearning in this lyric about a man who has left the lights on waiting for his lover to return."" Rick Cohoon of Allmusic gave the song a favorable review, calling it a ""creative approach to the age-old 'goodbye, I miss you' song."" He commended

"Leave a Light On (Belinda Carlisle song)"
Leave a Light On (Belinda Carlisle song) ""Leave a Light On"" is a pop song written by Rick Nowels and Ellen Shipley, produced by Nowels for Belinda Carlisle's third solo album ""Runaway Horses"" (1989). The single narrowly missed the top ten in the US peaking at number 11. It fared much better elsewhere, reaching the top five in several countries, including Australia, Austria, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Released as the album's first single at the end of 1989 - as a CD single, 7"" single and a 12"" single - ""Leave a Light On"" became a top-ten hit in

Harp
Ireland for centuries. Its origin is unknown but from the evidence of the ancient oral and written literature, it has been present in one form or another since at least the 6th century or before. According to tradition, Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (died at the Battle of Clontarf, 1014) played the harp, as did many of the gentry in the country during the period of the Gaelic Lordship of Ireland (ended 1607 with the ""Flight of the Earls"" following the Elizabethan Wars). In traditional Gaelic society every clan and chief of any consequence would have a resident harp

"Irish heraldry"
harp Or, stringed argent"" – a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background. The harp, and specifically the ""cláirseach"" (or Gaelic harp), has long been Ireland's heraldic emblem. It appears on the coat of arms which were officially registered as the arms of the state of Ireland on 9 November 1945. The harp has been recognised as a symbol of Ireland since the 13th century. Irish heraldry Irish heraldry is the forms of heraldry, such as coats of arms, in Ireland. Since 1 April 1943 it is regulated in the Republic of Ireland by the Office of the

Harp
well as on the Lord Protector's Standard issued on the succession of Richard Cromwell in 1658. The harp is also traditionally used on the flag of Leinster. Since 1922, the government of Ireland has used a similar left-facing harp, based on the Trinity College Harp in the Library of Trinity College Dublin as its state symbol. It first appeared on the Great Seal of the Irish Free State, which in turn was replaced by the coat of arms, the Irish Presidential Standard and the Presidential Seal in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. The harp emblem is used on official state

"Irish traditional music"
these traditional airs today, among many others. The harp is among the chief symbols of Ireland. The Celtic harp, seen on Irish coinage and used in Guinness advertising, was played as long ago as the 10th century. In ancient times, the harpers were greatly respected and, along with poets and scribes, assigned a high place amongst the most significant retainers of the old Gaelic order of lords and chieftains. Perhaps the best known representative of this tradition of harping today is Turlough Ó Carolan, a blind 18th century harper who is often considered the unofficial national composer of Ireland. Thomas

"Coat of arms of Ireland"
they were integrated into the unified royal coat of arms of kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The harp was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Free State when it separated from the United Kingdom in 1922. They were registered as the arms of Ireland with the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945. The depiction of the harp has changed over time. In the 17th century, during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland, the pillar of the harp began to be depicted as a bare-breasted woman. When the arms were restored as the arms of the

Harp
player who would compose eulogies and elegies (later known as ""planxties"") in honour of the leader and chief men of the clan. The harp was adopted as a symbol of the Kingdom of Ireland on the coinage from 1542, and in the Royal Standard of King James VI and I in 1603 and continued to feature on all English and United Kingdom Royal Standards ever since, though the styles of the harps depicted differed in some respects. It was also used on the Commonwealth Jack of Oliver Cromwell, issued in 1649 and on the Protectorate Jack issued in 1658 as

"Celtic harp"
Celtic harp The Celtic harp is a triangular harp traditional to Wales, Brittany, Ireland and Scotland. It is known as ""telyn"" in Welsh, ""telenn"" in Breton, ""cláirseach"" in Irish and ""clàrsach"" in Scottish Gaelic. In Ireland and Scotland, it was a wire-strung instrument requiring great skill and long practice to play, and was associated with the Gaelic ruling class. It appears on Irish and British coins and coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and Canada. The early history of the triangular frame harp in Europe is contested. The first instrument associated with the harping tradition

Harp
seals and documents including the Irish passport and has appeared on Irish coinage from the Middle Ages to the current Irish imprints of euro coins. Guinness since 1759, Harp Lager since 1960, Irish Independent since 1961 originally in black but in green since 1972 and Ryanair since 1985. The South Asian Tamil harp ""yaal"" is the symbol of City of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, whose legendary root originates from a harp player. In the context of Christianity, heaven is sometimes symbolically depicted as populated by angels playing harps, giving the instrument associations of the sacred and heavenly. In the Bible, Genesis

Ireland
and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known as Gregorian chant. Outside religious establishments, musical genres in early Gaelic Ireland are referred to as a triad of weeping music (""goltraige""), laughing music (""geantraige"") and sleeping music (""suantraige""). Vocal and instrumental music (e.g. for the harp, pipes, and various string instruments) was transmitted orally, but the Irish harp, in particular, was of such significance that it became Ireland's national symbol. Classical music following European models first developed in urban areas, in establishments of Anglo-Irish rule such as Dublin Castle, St Patrick's Cathedral and Christ Church as well as

Harp
4:21 says that Jubal, the first musician and son of Lamech, invented the harp and flute. Many depictions of King David in Jewish art have him holding or playing a harp, such as a sculpture outside King David's tomb in Jerusalem. The harp is also used extensively as a corporate logo, by private companies and government organisations. The Irish beer Guinness uses a harp, facing right and less detailed than the version used on the state arms. Relatively new organisations also use the harp, but often modified to reflect a theme relevant to their organisation: Irish airline Ryanair uses a

"I Got a Feelin' in My Body"
I Got a Feelin' in My Body ""I Got a Feelin' in My Body"" is a song by Elvis Presley from his 1974 album ""Good Times"". In 1979, it was released posthumously on the reverse side of the single ""There's a Honky Tonk Angel (Who Will Take Me Back In)"". The single reached number 6 in the ""Billboard"" Country Singles Chart. The song was written by Dennis Linde. Presley recorded it on December 10 during the December 10–16, 1973 studio sessions for RCA at the Stax Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Its first release on record was on the album ""Good

"I Got the Feelin'"
cast performing a lip-synch routine led by a 16-year-old Malcolm-Jamal Warner. A version of the song is featured in the musical ""Fela!"". It was also featured in ""Dead Presidents and Undercover Brother."" ""with the James Brown Orchestra:"" I Got the Feelin' ""I Got the Feelin'"" is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1968, it reached #1 on the R&B chart and #6 on the pop chart. It also appeared on a 1968 album of the same name. The Jackson 5 auditioned for Motown founder Berry Gordy in 1968 with a filmed performance of ""I Got

Times in 1974. 7"" single I Got a Feelin' in My Body ""I Got a Feelin' in My Body"" is a song by Elvis Presley from his 1974 album ""Good Times"". In 1979, it was released posthumously on the reverse side of the single ""There's a Honky Tonk Angel (Who Will Take Me Back In)"". The single reached number 6 in the ""Billboard"" Country Singles Chart. The song was written by Dennis Linde. Presley recorded it on December 10 during the December 10–16, 1973 studio sessions for RCA at the Stax Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Its first release on record

"I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song)"
I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song) ""I Got a Feelin'"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2004. It also reached number 50 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Currington wrote this song with Casey Beathard and Carson Chamberlain. In his review of the album, Jeffrey B. Remz of ""Country Standard Time"" viewed the song favorably, saying that it showed Currington's

"Got the Feelin'"
Got the Feelin' ""Got the Feelin<nowiki>'</nowiki>"" is a song by English boy band Five. It was released 3 June 1998 as the third single from their debut studio album ""Five"" (1998). It was written by Five, Richard Stannard and Julian Gallagher and produced by Denniz Pop and Jake Schulze. ""Got the Feelin'"" reached a peak position of No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart becoming the band's third top ten single and their highest-charting single until the album's next single ""Everybody Get Up"" reached No. 2. ""Got the Feelin'"" debuted at No. 35 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, and

I Got the Feelin' ""I Got the Feelin'"" is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1968, it reached #1 on the R&B chart and #6 on the pop chart. It also appeared on a 1968 album of the same name. The Jackson 5 auditioned for Motown founder Berry Gordy in 1968 with a filmed performance of ""I Got the Feelin'"", with the ten-year-old Michael Jackson closely mimicking Brown's vocal style and dance moves. In 1986, the song was prominently featured in the third-season episode of ""The Cosby Show"" entitled ""Golden Anniversary"", with most of the

"Where Is the Feeling?"
Where Is the Feeling? ""Where Is the Feeling?"" is a song by Australian recording artist and songwriter Kylie Minogue, taken from her fifth studio album ""Kylie Minogue"" (1994). The song was written by Wilf Smarties and Jayn Hanna, while production was handled by Brothers in Rhythm. It was released on 10 July 1995 as the third and final single from her self-titled album ""Kylie Minogue"". Commercially, the song did fairly well, peaking at number 31 in Australia, and becoming a Top 20 hit in the United Kingdom. The song has only been performed on the KylieFever2002 Tour, where it was

traditional country sound by the prominence of fiddle (played by Stuart Duncan). The music video for ""I Got a Feelin'"" co-stars Gena Lee Nolin. ""I Got a Feelin'"" debuted at number 53 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of January 17, 2004. I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song) ""I Got a Feelin'"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S.

"Where Did the Feeling Go?"
Where Did the Feeling Go? ""Where Did the Feeling Go?"" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film ""Selena"" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the ""20 Years of Music"" version of

"Feeling This"
Feeling This ""Feeling This"" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for their eponymously titled fifth studio album (2003). The song was released as the lead single from ""Blink-182"" on October 2, 2003 through Geffen Records. It was written by guitarist Tom DeLonge, bassist Mark Hoppus, and drummer Travis Barker, and was produced and mixed by Jerry Finn. The song originated on the first day of producing the album. Its lyrics are purely sexual in nature; the band attempted to juxtapose lust and passion between verses and choruses, thematically connected with a wistful, regretful tone. The song's composition

"Luke Cage (season 2)"
The latter wrote an original song for the series, which he performs in the season finale. The season also includes music from Nina Simone and Mobb Deep. Following the death of Captain Ridenhour, high-ranking detective Brigid O'Reilly is mentioned as having recently moved to New Orleans, in reference to that character's role in the series ""Cloak & Dagger"". The second season of ""Luke Cage"" was released on June 22, 2018, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. An advanced screening of the season was hosted by Spotify, Netflix, and the Kennedy Center on

June 19, followed by an after-party featuring musical performances by KRS-One, Younge and Muhammad, and surprise guests. The season had its red carpet premiere in New York City on June 21, 2018. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 84% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.15/10 based on 54 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, """"Marvel's Luke Cage"" surpasses the successes of its debut season with a satisfyingly complex narrative and a solid ensemble cast led by Alfre Woodard's standout performance as the archvillainess Black Mariah."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 64

and Alfre Woodard. They are joined by Gabrielle Dennis and Mustafa Shakir, with Jessica Henwick, Finn Jones, and Stephen Rider reprising their roles from other Marvel/Netflix series; Rosario Dawson also returns in a guest role. The season was ordered in December 2016, and filmed in New York City from June to November 2017. Coker again emphasized music in the season: Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad returned to compose the original score, using blues and reggae to represent the conflict between the Stokes family and Shakir's Bushmaster; the season again features performances from various artists; and each episode is named

after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. It was widely praised as better than the first season, particularly for its narrative and cast—Woodard's performance especially—though there was again some criticism for its pacing. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was ""eligible to go

for journalists to keep a separate line from what they’re actually doing versus the imaginary stuff that they’re doing, especially in the era of fake news."" Cobb discussed the potential appearances with ""some of the people I respect in the field"" for their opinion, and after gaining their approval, agreed to appear. Principal photography began by June 10, 2017, under the series' working title ""Tiara"". Production wrapped that November. In July 2017, Colter said that the second season would have ""another feel to it"" in terms of the music, praising the season's musical guests and explaining that he and Coker

from Netflix was guaranteed. Actor Mike Colter also felt ""Heroes for Hire"" could be explored in future seasons, as well as further exploring Cage's lifestyle change regarding his relationship with Jessica Jones and introducing the couple's daughter. In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, of 13 episodes. Coker compared the season to A Tribe Called Quest's second album ""The Low End Theory"" saying, their first album ""People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm"" ""was great, but then ""Low End Theory"" was the record that everyone says ... when they think of A Tribe Called Quest

"How to Train Your Dragon 2"
June 9, 2017. In January 2015, in the wake of the closure of Pacific Data Images and massive lay-offs, the release date was pushed back to June 29, 2018, then brought forward to May 18, 2018. On December 5, 2016, the release date was pushed back again to March 1, 2019, then on September 27, 2018, moved forward to February 22, 2019. Dean DeBlois, the co-screenwriter/co-director of the first and writer-director of the second film, will return, along with producer Bonnie Arnold and all the main cast, while composer John Powell, who scored the first two films, will also be

in the ""key role"" of Rosalie Carbone. The next month, Antonique Smith joined the cast as Detective Nandi Tyler, a longtime rival of Misty Knight. Additionally, Elden Henson reprises his role as Foggy Nelson from previous Marvel/Netflix series. The season also features cameo appearances by ESPN personalities Michael Smith, Jemele Hill, and Stephen A. Smith, and New York Jets head coach Todd Bowles, doubling as the head coach of the fictional Harlem Jets. As Coker is a sports fan, he decided to include the ESPN personalities and was partially motivated to reach out to Michael Smith and Hill out of

"Daredevil (season 2)"
and showing how the latter two affect Murdock's life. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Paris on March 7, 2016, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on March 18. Critics praised the introduction of Castle and Natchios, as well as Bernthal's performance in particular, the season's action, and storylines. However, many missed the presence of Vondie Curtis-Hall's Ben Urich from season one, and D'Onofrio's Wilson Fisk during the first half of season two. The series was renewed for a third season in July 2016. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> When asked about the future of the series

"Luke Cage (TV series)"
300,000 Twitter and Instagram posts regarding it, and when the second season was released in June 2018, the posts had declined dramatically to under 50,000. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 94% approval rating with an average rating of 8.03/10 based on 68 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, ""An immersive, socially conscious narrative and a confident, charismatic lead performance make ""Marvel's Luke Cage"" a stellar sampling of the new Marvel/Netflix universe."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 79 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". The second season has

"New York Groove"
New York Groove ""New York Groove"" is a song written by English singer/songwriter Russ Ballard, which was a hit for two different artists: the band Hello in 1975, and Ace Frehley in 1978. The British glam rock band Hello first recorded the song in 1975, for their debut album, ""Keeps Us Off the Streets"". The song was a number nine hit in the UK, and subsequently reached number seven in Germany. Ace Frehley, best known as the lead guitarist of Kiss, recorded ""New York Groove"" for his first solo album, ""Ace Frehley"", released in 1978; the album was released concurrently

"New York (Ja Rule song)"
New York (Ja Rule song) ""New York"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Ja Rule, released October 27, 2004 as the second single from his sixth studio album ""R.U.L.E."" (2004). The track, produced by Cool & Dre, features fellow New York rappers Fat Joe and Jadakiss. The song's chorus is based on Boogie Down Productions' 1990 song, ""100 Guns"". The song peaked at number 27 on the US Hot 100 chart, number 14 on US R&B and Hip-Hop, and number 10 on Hot Rap Tracks. The music video was directed in New York City, and features cameo

"New York New York (Grandmaster Flash song)"
New York New York (Grandmaster Flash song) New York New York is a 1983 song by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five off their compilation albums Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five (1983) and Greatest Messages (1984). It made #17 on the R&B Singles chart, #49 on the New Zealand Singles Chart and #82 on the UK Singles Chart. It is frequently claimed that the song La Di Da Di by Slick Rick, released in 1985, is the first rap song to include the word ""bitch"". However ""New York New York"", released in 1983, also includes the phrase ""bitch"" and

"New York / N.Y."
New York / N.Y. ""New York / N.Y."" is a song by German artist Nina Hagen from her album ""Angstlos"". Co-written by Hagen, Karl Rucker and Steve Schiff, it was released as the record's lead single in 1983. The song was later included on Hagen's compilation albums ""14 Friendly Abductions"", ""Definitive Collection"", ""Prima Nina in Ekstasy"" and ""The Very Best of Nina Hagen"". In 2003, the song was featured in the American biographical comedy-drama film ""Party Monster"". Canadian electronic musician and performance artist Peaches references and sings a snippet of the song in the music video for her song ""Show

film ""Golden Exits"" (2017) begins with a character singing the song. Ace Frehley performed the song live at the beginning of the 2018 NHL Winter Classic between the Buffalo Sabres and New York Rangers at Citi Field in New York City. The song was played as the Sabres and Rangers took the ice. New York Groove ""New York Groove"" is a song written by English singer/songwriter Russ Ballard, which was a hit for two different artists: the band Hello in 1975, and Ace Frehley in 1978. The British glam rock band Hello first recorded the song in 1975, for their

"New York, New York (Ryan Adams song)"
New York, New York (Ryan Adams song) ""New York, New York"" is a song written and performed by American alt-country musician Ryan Adams. It appeared on his 2001 album ""Gold"". The song earned Adams a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Rock Vocal, and the single reached #53 in the UK charts in December 2001. In 2009, the song was included in ""The Guardian""s ""1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear"". The song's lyrics mention several lower Manhattan geographic references, including the intersection of Avenue A and 10th Street, Houston Street, and Avenue B. The music video features Adams performing in front

"The Boy from New York City"
The Boy from New York City ""The Boy from New York City"" is a song originally recorded by the American soul group The Ad Libs, released as their first single in 1964. Produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, the song peaked at No. 8 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on the chart week of February 27, 1965. Though the group continued to record many other singles, they would never repeat the chart success of ""The Boy from New York City"". The song was later covered by Darts and The Manhattan Transfer, both becoming chart hits in the UK

"New York City Boy"
New York City Boy ""New York City Boy"" is a song by British music group Pet Shop Boys. It was released in September 1999 as the second single from the forthcoming album ""Nightlife"". In the UK, the single peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart. In the US, the song hit number 1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart and number 53 on the Hot Singles Sales chart. The music video for the song features the legendary New York nightspot Studio 54. The second B-side, ""Casting a Shadow"", was written for BBC Radio 1 during the 11

"Theme from New York, New York"
helluva town / The Bronx is up and the Battery's down..."" Composers Kander and Ebb stated on the A&E ""Biography"" episode about Liza Minnelli, that they attribute the song's success to actor Robert De Niro, who rejected their original theme for the film because he thought it was ""too weak"". The song did not become a popular hit until it was picked up in concert by Frank Sinatra during his performances at Radio City Music Hall in October 1978. (It was not even nominated for the Academy Award for 'Best Song'). Subsequently, Sinatra recorded it in 1979 for his 1980

you're fired, you're no longer desired/So take off them silly chains, put back on your wire/I'm on fire"". 50 Cent later attacked Fat Joe and Jadakiss for being a part of the song in his 2005 song ""Piggy Bank"". There is a sequel to the song, ""New York Is Back"" on DJ Khaled's album, ""We the Best"" (2007). New York (Ja Rule song) ""New York"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Ja Rule, released October 27, 2004 as the second single from his sixth studio album ""R.U.L.E."" (2004). The track, produced by Cool & Dre, features fellow

where was the salvation army's christmas collection kettle first introduced

"Christmas Kettle"
Christmas Kettle The Christmas Kettle (also referred to as the Red Kettle due to its color) is The Salvation Army's most famous street campaign. It is most recognized during the Christmas season through its volunteers who stand outside of businesses and play or sing Christmas carols, or ring bells to inspire passersby to place donations of cash and checks inside the trademark red kettles. A tradition on the ""kettle"" started in 1891, in San Francisco, by Salvation Army officer Captain Joseph McFee. Captain McFee, resolving to provide a free Christmas dinner to the poor of San Francisco, remembered a sight

he saw in Liverpool, England. From his days as a sailor McFee remembered a large pot displayed on the Stage Landing, called ""Simpson's Pot."" The pot took in donations put in by passersby. Taking this idea, McFee asked for permission from San Francisco city authorities to place a crab pot and tripod at the Oakland ferry landing. The kettle - and McFee's call of ""Keep the Pot Boiling!"" - drew in passengers and donations. The idea spread, and is in use by many Salvation Army charities worldwide. Innovations from the crab pot have included self ringing kettles, booths that play

Lake, Illinois in 1982. Since this drop, many others have taken to dropping not only gold coins, but also other bullion and rare coins, gold medals, jewelry, and large checks. The anonymous donations have included: Christmas Kettle The Christmas Kettle (also referred to as the Red Kettle due to its color) is The Salvation Army's most famous street campaign. It is most recognized during the Christmas season through its volunteers who stand outside of businesses and play or sing Christmas carols, or ring bells to inspire passersby to place donations of cash and checks inside the trademark red kettles. A

"Kelly Kettle"
a number of companies around the world. The Thermette design was registered in 1929 in New Zealand by John Ashley Hart. It was standard issue to the New Zealand army serving in the North Africa during WW2 when it was known as the 'Benghasi Boiler'. In 1939 the New Zealand Army asked Hart to waive his patent so they could make their own Thermettes; he agreed and the device was issued as standard equipment to every small army unit. A modified version of the idea was created by the Eydon Kettle Company in the early 1970s and sold as the

"Tom Kettle"
for the organization's armoury. Whilst he was in Belgium for this purpose World War 1 broke out, and, finding this more interesting than militia arms procurement, he became an on the scene war correspondent for the ""Daily News"", reporting on the opening moves of the armies of the II Reich as they marched Westwards. Travelling throughout Flanders in August and September 1914, he became increasingly alarmed by the punitive measures that he witnessed being implemented against the Belgian civilian population by the Imperial German Army against even the lightest civil resistance to the passage of its troop columns moving through

Kettle
the 19th century. In 1893 the Crompton and Co. firm in the United Kingdom started featuring electric kettles in their catalogue. However, these first electric kettles were quite primitive as the heating element couldn't be immersed in the water. Instead, a separate compartment underneath the water storage area in the kettle was used to house the electric heating element. The design was inefficient even relative to the conventional stove-top kettles of the time. In 1922, the problem was finally solved by Leslie Large, an engineer working at Bulpitt & Sons of Birmingham who designed an element of wire wound around

"Polly Put the Kettle On"
Polly Put the Kettle On ""Polly Put the Kettle On"" is a popular English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7899. Common modern versions include: A song with the title: ""Molly Put the Kettle On or Jenny's Baubie"" was published by Joseph Dale in London in 1803. It was also printed, with ""Polly"" instead of ""Molly"" in Dublin about 1790–1810 and in New York around 1803–07. The nursery rhyme is mentioned in Charles Dickens' ""Barnaby Rudge"" (1841), which is the first record of the lyrics in their modern form. In middle-class families in the

"Kettle Foods"
2018. The company was founded by Cameron Healy in 1978 as the ""N.S. Khalsa Company""; it produced its first potato chips in 1982. In 1988, following a motorcycle trip taken by the company's founder and his son, Kettle Foods established a UK branch in a converted shoe factory in Norwich, England; the branch moved five years later to its current UK home, a newly built factory on the outskirts of Norwich, England in Norfolk, England. In 2003, the company installed the largest solar array in the Pacific Northwest with the goal of using more green energy at their Salem plant.

on active service, until, with his health somewhat improved, he received a commission into the 9th Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, amidst the 16th (Irish) Division, which in early 1916 he went to France with, becoming a friend of Emmet Dalton who was serving at the front in the same battalion. The conditions in the trenches of the Western Front broke his health again, and he returned to Dublin shortly after the failure of the abortive Fenian Revolution on sick leave, seeing the wreckage of the city's centre caused by the fighting that had occurred there. He was also

"The Singing Kettle"
Television which was followed by 'The Singing Kettle Show' in 2000. These two series also featured Jane, in addition to the original three members. In 2016, the series produced for Scottish Television began airing on STV Glasgow and STV Edinburgh as part of their 'Wean's World' children's programming strand. """"Spout, handle, lid of metal, What's inside the Singing Kettle?"""" was created by Fisher just before the BBC came to visit the group perform in Dunfermline in 1988, as they believed they needed something for the BBC. The rhyme has been used in every show for selected songs on the playlist,

"Horton Hears a Who! (film)"
floats past him in the air, and he hears a tiny yelp coming from it. Believing that an entire society of microscopic creatures are living on that speck, he gives chase to it before placing it on top of a clover. Horton finds out the speck harbors the city of Whoville and its inhabitants, the Whos, led by Mayor Ned McDodd, whose family includes his wife Sally, 96 daughters (whose names all begin with the letter H), and one teenage son named JoJo. Despite being the oldest and next in line for the mayoral position, JoJo doesn't want to be

Horton Hears a Who! (film) Horton Hears a Who! (also known as Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!) is a 2008 American computer animated adventure comedy film based on the book of the same name by Dr. Seuss, produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino in their directorial debuts, the film's screenplay was written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, and features the voices of Jim Carrey and Steve Carell as Horton the Elephant and the Mayor of Whoville, respectively, alongside Carol Burnett, Will Arnett, Seth Rogen, Isla Fisher,

"Horton Hears a Who!"
""Seussical"". ""Horton Hears a Who!"" was adapted into a half-hour animated TV special by MGM Animation/Visual Arts in 1970, directed by Chuck Jones (who also directed the television version of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!""), produced by Theodor Geisel, and with narration by Hans Conried, who also voiced Horton. In this direction, the Sour Kangaroo's name is Jane, while her son is named Junior. Horton's contact in Whoville was not the Mayor, but a scientist named Dr. Hoovie (also voiced by Hans Conried). Jane was voiced by June Foray. In Russia, Alexei Karayev directed ""I Can Hear You"" in 1992,

Whoville
""Horton Hears a Who!"". In this version, he is named Ned McDodd, and he lives with his wife, 96 daughters and 1 son named Jo-Jo. There are differences between Maywho and McDodd that are instantly noticeable: Maywho is a pompous, arrogant man who views himself as the only person worth listening to, whereas McDodd is ""devoted, and fair, and a little bit odd"". Dr. Seuss created two children's books introducing readers to the magical world of Whoville. His first story, ""Horton Hears a Who!"" was published in 1954. His second use of Whoville was in the story ""How the Grinch

and Amy Poehler. John Powell composed the film's music. The film was released on March 14, 2008, and grossed $297 million on a budget of $85 million. ""Horton Hears a Who!"" was the third Dr. Seuss feature film adaptation, the first adaptation to be fully animated, and the second Dr. Seuss film starring Jim Carrey after ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" (2000). A dust speck is dislodged from its obscure place and sent adrift through the Jungle of Nool. At the same time, Horton the Elephant, the jungle's eccentric nature teacher, takes a dip in the pool. The dust speck

"Horton Hears a Who! (TV special)"
with the Whos' shouting and loud instruments, the other animals still hear nothing. Dr. Hoovey searches through town and finds a small Who named JoJo, who is bouncing a yo-yo instead of making noise. He takes JoJo to the top of his tower, where JoJo utters a ""Yopp"", which breaks through the dust speck and allows the animals to finally hear the Whos and they release Horton and allow him to keep it. The special ends with Dr. Hoovey relaxing in his chair when he sees a small dust speck and hears a call for help coming from it, much

the speck in a pot of ""Beezle-Nut"" oil. To save Whoville, Horton implores the little people to make as much noise as they can, to prove their existence. So almost everyone in Whoville shouts, sings, and plays instruments, but still no one but Horton can hear them. So the Mayor searches Whoville until he finds a very small shirker named JoJo, who is playing with a yo-yo instead of making noise. The Mayor carries him to the top of Eiffelberg Tower, where Jojo lets out a loud ""Yopp!"", which finally makes the kangaroo and the monkeys hear the Whos. Now

his people to make noise by shouting ""We are here!"", as well as playing a variety of instruments, so the animals may hear them, assisted by JoJo's ""Symphonophone"", an invention which creates a huge musical contribution (which reveals that JoJo's ""true"" passion is music), but still fails to penetrate the surface of the speck. As Horton lies beaten and captured, the Kangaroo snatches the clover from him, and drops it in the pot. Meanwhile, JoJo grabs the horn used to project Horton's voice, runs up the highest tower, and screams ""YOPP!"", breaking through the sound barrier just seconds before the

a 19-minute paint-on-glass-animated film which is based on the Russian translation of Seuss's poetry but features a very different visual style. ""Horton Hears a Who!"" was adapted into a computer-animated feature-length film of the same name in 2008, using computer animation from Blue Sky Studios, the animation arm of 20th Century Fox. The cast included Jim Carrey and Steve Carell. It was released on March 14, 2008. In 1992, The book was made into a direct-to-video, narrated by Dustin Hoffman. And then, included the other story, Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose. The central character of the book also inspired a design

he sees a small dust speck floating by. He hears a call for help coming from the dust speck and, thinking someone is living on it, saves it from going over a waterfall. Setting it on top of a clover, he discovers it is home to a tiny town called Whoville, home to the microscopic Whos. One of the Whos, scientist Dr. H. Hoovey (replacing the Mayor), communicates with Horton through a device he built to see other worlds outside of the speck. The other Whos, however, only laugh at him, thinking nothing exists beyond their world. Horton promises to

"American patriotic music"
""Defence of Fort McHenry,"" after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812. Once again, owing to the origin of America from British nationals, the lyrics were later set to music common to British and American sailors, but eventually became world-famous as ""The Star-Spangled Banner,"" and was designated the United States' official national anthem in 1931. After centuries of struggling and fighting ""hostile"" Indians, diseases, and nature, Americans had breached the Appalachian mountain chain and pushed into the wide open areas of the far west. Thus, songs such as ""My Country, 'Tis of

Taps
Taps ""Taps"" is a bugle call played at dusk, during flag ceremonies, and at military funerals by the United States Armed Forces. The official military version is played by a single bugle or trumpet, although other versions of the tune may be played in other contexts (e.g., the U.S. Marine Corps Ceremonial Music site has recordings of two bugle and one band version). It is also performed often at Boy Scout, Girl Scout, and Girl Guide meetings and camps. The tune is also sometimes known as ""Butterfields Lullaby"", or by the first line of the lyric, ""Day Is Done"". The

two films titled ""So Proudly We Hail"" (1943 and 1990); a feature film (1977) and a short (2005) titled ""Twilight's Last Gleaming""; and four films titled ""Home of the Brave"" (1949, 1986, 2004, and 2006). A 1936 short titled ""The Song of a Nation"" from Warner Brothers shows a version of the origin of the song. When the U.S. national anthem was first recognized by law in 1931, there was no prescription as to behavior during its playing. On June 22, 1942, the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing, while others should simply

throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem, and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand (or hat) over their heart. After 9/11, the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the national anthem became nearly universal. Since 1998, federal law (viz., the United States Code ) states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present including those in uniform should stand at attention; Non-military service individuals

"Music of the United States"
were based mostly on English melodies, with new lyrics added to denounce British colonialism; others, however, used tunes from Ireland, Scotland or elsewhere, or did not utilize a familiar melody. The song ""Hail, Columbia"" was a major work that remained an unofficial national anthem until the adoption of ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". Much of this early American music still survives in Sacred Harp. Although relatively unknown outside of Shaker Communities, Simple Gifts was written in 1848 by Elder Joseph Brackett and the tune has since become internationally famous. During the Civil War, when soldiers from across the country commingled, the multifarious

is a tradition in the United States to play ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", the national anthem, before sporting events. According to the United States Code, those present should stand at attention with right hand over heart. It's noteworthy, this tradition only acquired widespread practice after the year 2001, while National Football League (NFL) players were not mandated to be on the field for the playing of the national anthem until 2009. In 2016 the NFL stated that ""players are encouraged but not required to stand during the playing of the National Anthem""; its game operations manual reads that players ""should stand""

amateur singers have been known to forget the words, which is one reason the song is sometimes pre-recorded and lip-synced. Other times the issue is avoided by having the performer(s) play the anthem instrumentally instead of singing it. The pre-recording of the anthem has become standard practice at some ballparks, such as Boston's Fenway Park, according to the SABR publication ""The Fenway Project"". ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" has been performed regularly at the beginning of NFL games since the end of WWII by order of NFL commissioner Elmer Layden, according to History.com . According to same article, the song has been

Reveille
U.S. Army posts and Air Force bases, ""Reveille"" is played by itself or followed by the bugle call ""To the Colors"" at which time the national flag is raised and all U.S. military personnel outdoors are required to come to attention and present a salute in uniform, either to the flag or in the direction of the music if the flag is not visible. While in formation, soldiers are brought to the position of parade rest while ""Reveille"" plays then called to attention and present arms as the national flag is raised. On board U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast

Reveille
Guard facilities, the flag is generally raised at 0800 (8 am) while ""The Star Spangled Banner"" or the bugle call ""To the Colors"" is played. On some U.S. military bases, ""Reveille"" is accompanied by a cannon shot. In Commonwealth Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday services, ""The Last Post"" begins the period of silent reflection, and ""Reveille"" ends it. The two tunes symbolize sunset and sunrise respectively, and therefore, death and resurrection. (""Reveille"" is often replaced by ""The Rouse"", a bugle call commonly mistaken for ""Reveille"", although these are actually two different tunes.) Winston Churchill had ""Last Post"" sounded at his

"U.S. national anthem protests"
U.S. national anthem protests Protests during the playing of the United States national anthem have had many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" was adopted as the official national anthem by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931. Before that time, protests also occurred when a number of songs were used as unofficial national anthems, including ""My Country, 'Tis of Thee"" and ""Hail, Columbia"". In 1892, three men, including a friend of Ida B. Wells, were lynched by a

this poster was created to increase support for the war effort.the poster links food rationing to

"Meatless Monday"
been disrupted by war. To encourage voluntary rationing, the USFA created the slogan “Food Will Win the War” and coined the terms ""Meatless Tuesday"" and ""Wheatless Wednesday” to remind Americans to reduce intake of those products. Herbert Hoover was the head of the Food Administration as well as the American Relief Association during Woodrow Wilson's presidency, and played a key role implementing the campaign, which was one of Hoover’s many attempts to encourage volunteerism and sacrifice among Americans during the war. The USFA provided a wide variety of materials in addition to advertising, including recipe books and menus found in

"Wartime Nutrition"
Wartime Nutrition Wartime Nutrition is a 1943 short film. One of the Allied propaganda films of World War II it urged civilians on the United States home front to eat healthier and follow the wartime ration guidelines. The film begins with a montage of scenes from American farms and tells the audience that America is now the breadbasket of democracy as well as the arsenal of democracy. It shows how the British have done after years of rationing and their food supply being attacked. It shows the reductions in particular foods and the need to find replacement, particularly in ""victory

"History of propaganda"
""Food Will Win the War"" (1942) attempts to make US citizens feel good by using US agriculture as a means of power. In 1943, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) introduced its ""Basic 7"" nutrition guide (a precursor to the food pyramid). In the same year, the United States Office of War Information released ""Food for Fighters"" about the importance of nutrition in wartime. Between the 1940s and 1970s the Green Revolution increased agriculture production around the world which led to further increases in farm size and a reduction in the number of farms. Advances in fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides,

"American propaganda during World War II"
to plant these gardens. During the war years, Americans planted 50 million victory gardens. These produced more vegetables than the total commercial production, and much of it was preserved, following the slogan: ""Eat what you can, and can what you can't."" The slogan ""grow your own, can your own"" also encouraged victory gardens to be planted. During the war, the sale of War Bonds was extensively promoted. Originally termed ""Defense Bonds"", they were called ""war bonds"" after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Much of the nation's artistic talent and best advertising techniques were used to encourage people to buy the

victory gardens, the Office of Price Administration, and rationing. Women were encouraged to help with conservation in their cooking, saving fat and grease for explosives, and rationing sugar, meat, butter, and coffee to leave more for the soldiers. Butcher shops and markets handed out bulletins that urged the conservation of waste fat, which could be brought back to the butcher. Due to these posters and other forms of propaganda the United States recycled of waste fats, of paper, and of tin. People were told to conserve materials used in clothing, which resulted in clothing becoming smaller and shorter. Fiction often

civilian morale, and its emblems helped remind people that the war was continuing. Women's magazines carried numerous tips for housewives on thrifty purchasing, dealing with rationing, and how to cope in a period of limited supplies. General Mills distributed a Betty Crocker ""cookbooklet"" with wartime recipes. A ""Victory Cookbook"" explained the principles of wartime cooking, starting with the need to share food with the fighting men. ""Ladies' Home Journal"" explained the principles behind sugar rationing, for example, sugarcane could be used to make explosives. The Office of Price Administration urged Americans in restaurants not to ask for extra butter or

of war. Such programs as Salvage for Victory redoubled after the outbreak. Many private individuals organized and publicized some of the most successful scrap drives of the war. President Roosevelt sent a letter to Boy Scout and Girl Scout groups, urging the children to support scrap drives. Cartoons ridiculed those who did not collect scrap. Conservation was the largest theme in poster propaganda, accounting for one of every seven posters during the war. Conserving materials, in the kitchen and around the home, was one of five major topics in posters with conservation themes. Other topics included purchasing war bonds, planting

"British propaganda during World War II"
1940 campaign with the catchphrase ""Be like Dad, keep Mum,"" the best-known image from this campaign is the 1942 poster ""Keep mum, she's not so dumb"" by the architect and artist Gerald Lacoste. It depicts a glamorous blonde woman reclining, and officers from each branch of the Armed Forces about her talking to each other. It is implied that the officers are talking military secrets, on the (wrongful) assumption that the woman is only a ""dumb blonde"" and so will not pass these secrets onto the enemy. The campaign was issued in 1942 to all ranks, with this particular image

production and discourage absenteeism. Economy and industry were strongly emphasized in United States propaganda posters because of the need for long term production during the war. Factory workers were encouraged to become not just workers, but “Production Soldiers” on the home front. These posters were used to persuade workers to take shorter breaks, work longer hours, and produce as many tools and weapons as possible to increase production for the military. Ship factories hung out banners to encourage ""ships for victory"". Increased production resulted in more workers moving to factory towns, straining available housing and other amenities. As a result,

"War savings stamps of the United States"
posters were produced to promote war savings stamps, often invoking a sense of patriotic duty to purchase them to support war efforts. President Woodrow Wilson called upon “every man, woman and child” to save for the war and designated June 28, 1918 as National War Savings Day. Governors, mayors, and other political leaders led by example by purchasing war savings stamps and encouraged their constituents to do the same. The Four Minute Men organization, authorized by President Wilson, also developed a series of speech outlines related to war savings stamps for its volunteers to deliver. Support for war savings stamps

Cadbury
for a new public hospital. Mondelez area vice-president Banfield confirmed that Cadbury had sold the former factory site to the Ministry of Health for an undisclosed amount. Cadbury Canada produces and imports several products that are sold under the Cadbury and Maynards labels, including the following: Cadbury Canada is now part of Mondelez Canada and products are featured on the Snackworks website. In 1948, Cadbury India began its operations in India by importing chocolates. On 19 July 1948, Cadbury was incorporated in India. It now has manufacturing facilities in Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Hyderabad, Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal

Cadbury
splitting into two companies beginning on 1 October 2012. The confectionery business of Kraft became Mondelez International, of which Cadbury is a subsidiary. In response to diminishing margins in early 2014, Mondelez hired Accenture to implement a US$3 billion cost-cutting program of the company's assets including Cadbury and Oreo. Beginning in 2015, Mondelez began closing Cadbury factories in several developed countries including Ireland, Canada, the United States, and New Zealand and shifting production to ""advantaged"" country locations like China, India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe. The closure of Cadbury factories in centers such as Dublin, Montreal, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Dunedin in

Cadbury
Pradesh) and sales offices in New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The corporate head office is in Mumbai. The head office is presently situated at Pedder Road, Mumbai, under the name of ""Cadbury House"". This monumental structure at Pedder Road has been a landmark for the citizens of Mumbai since its creation. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, Cadbury has worked with the Kerala Agricultural University to undertake cocoa research. Currently, Cadbury India operates in five categories – Chocolate confectionery, Beverages, Biscuits, Gum and Candy. Its products include Cadbury

Cadbury
New Zealand generated outcries from the local populations. The plan received approval from several market shareholders including the Australian and New Zealand banks Westpac and ASB Bank. Cadbury has its head office at Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in Uxbridge, London Borough of Hillingdon, England. The company occupies of leased space inside Building 3 of the business park, which it shares with Mondelez's UK division. After acquiring Cadbury, Kraft confirmed that the company would remain at Cadbury House. Cadbury relocated to Uxbridge from its previous head office at 25 Berkeley Square in Mayfair, City of Westminster in 2007

Cadbury
Cadbury Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010. It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It is known for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products. One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 ""The Daily Telegraph"" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports. Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who

Cadbury
plentiful supply of high-quality fresh milk. The first products from the factory were sold in 1922. The Claremont factory was modelled on Bournville, with its own village and sporting facilities. Cadbury operates three Australian factories; two in Melbourne, Victoria (Ringwood and Scoresby), and one in Hobart, Tasmania (Claremont). Cadbury also operates a milk-processing plant in Cooee, Tasmania. Claremont factory was once a popular tourist attraction and operated daily tours; however, the factory ceased running full tours mid-2008, citing health and safety reasons. Cadbury has been upgrading its manufacturing facility at Claremont, Tasmania, Australia, since 2001 On 27 February 2009, the

Cadbury
as a cost-saving measure. In 1992, the company leased the space for £55 per ; by 2002 this had reached £68.75 per square foot. Bournville employs almost 1,000 people. In 2014, Mondelez announced a £75 million investment in the site. Bournville is home to Mondelez's Global Centre of Excellence for Chocolate research and development, so every new chocolate product created by the company anywhere in the world starts life at the Birmingham plant. The confectionery business in the UK is called Cadbury (formerly Cadbury Trebor Bassett) and, as of August 2004, had eight factories and 3,000 staff in the UK.

Cadbury
Easter. It is included a number of times across promotional materials."" An ensuing controversy followed in Australia, where Cadbury was accused of removing the word 'Easter' from the packaging of its Easter eggs. Cadbury Australia rebutted that Easter was mentioned on ""the back of pack"", and that its eggs were obviously Easter eggs. General: Cadbury Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010. It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more

Cadbury
been a holder of a Royal Warrant from Elizabeth II since 1955. Cadbury merged with J. S. Fry & Sons in 1919, and Schweppes in 1969, known as Cadbury Schweppes until 2008, when the American beverage business was split as Dr Pepper Snapple Group; the rights ownership of the Schweppes brand had already differed between various countries since 2006. Cadbury was a constant constituent of the FTSE 100 on the London Stock Exchange from the index's 1984 inception until the company was bought by Kraft Foods in 2010. In 1824, John Cadbury, a Quaker, began selling tea, coffee and drinking

Cadbury
dispute following objections by Nestlé. In 2008, Todd Stitzer, Cadbury's CEO, was paid a £2,665,000 bonus. Combined with his annual salary of £985,000 and other payments of £448,000 this gives a total remuneration of over £4 million. In July 2007, Cadbury Schweppes announced that it would be outsourcing its transactional accounting and order capture functions to Shared Business Services (SBS) centres run by a company called Genpact (a businesses services provider) in India, China, and Romania. This was to affect all business units and be associated with US and UK functions being transferred to India by the end of 2007,

"Burger King"
investment firms led by TPG Capital for US$1.5 billion in 2002. The new owners rapidly moved to revitalize and reorganize the company, culminating with the company being taken public in 2006 with a highly successful initial public offering. The firms' strategy for turning the chain around included a new advertising agency and new ad campaigns, a revamped menu strategy, a series of programs designed to revamp individual stores, a new restaurant concept called the ""BK Whopper Bar"", and a new design format called ""20/20"". These changes successfully re-energized the company, leading to a score of profitable quarters. Yet, despite the

"History of McDonald's"
menu items were successfully launched, including entree salads, McGriddles breakfast sandwiches (which used pancakes in place of bread), and white-meat Chicken McNuggets. Some outlets began test-marketing fruits and vegetables as Happy Meal options. It was quickly determined that focus on customer experience was key in reversing the slippage. Then, a new global marketing campaign was adopted which was designed around the notion of the ""Rolling Energy"" phase. Launched on September 29, 2003, the campaign began featuring youthful images, hip music, and pop culture celebrities touting the tagline, ""I'm lovin' it"". Next, James R. Cantalupo was called back from retirement to

BK's early success in the field was overshadowed by a 1982 deal between McDonald's and the Walt Disney Company to promote Disney's animated films beginning in the mid-1980s and running through the early 1990s. In 1994, Disney switched from McDonald's to Burger King, signing a 10-movie promotional contract which would include such top 10 films as ""Aladdin"" (1992), ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991), ""The Lion King"" (1994), and ""Toy Story"" (1995). A partnership in association with the Pokémon franchise at the height of its popularity in 1999 was tremendously successful for the company, with many locations rapidly selling out of

"Happy Meal"
fantasy: whatever they thought might appeal to kids, at least 8 items per box. Inside the box would be a burger, small fries, packet of cookies and a surprise gift. A small drink would accompany these items. Bernstein named it The Happy Meal and it was successfully introduced with television and radio spots and in-store posters in the Kansas City market in October 1977. Other markets followed and the national roll-out happened in 1979. Bernstein received #1136758 (Serial #73148046) for his idea in 1977 which he assigned to his valued client, McDonald's Corporation, on June 10, 1980. In 1987 at

exceeded $3 billion. The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one-fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975. Kroc was a firm believer in giving ""something back into the community where you do business"". In 1974 McDonald's acted

burgers, French fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In 1957, the ""Whopper"" became the first major addition to the menu, and it has become Burger King's signature product since. Conversely, BK has introduced many products, which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, where BK has also tailored its menu for regional tastes. From 2002 to 2010, Burger King aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats.

"Burger King products"
early 2010, Burger King tested a new group of breakfast products under its new BK Brunch product line; a reintroduced English muffin sandwich, a sandwich featuring ciabatta bread, a pair of breakfast bowls, and a non-alcoholic mimosa. In September, a slightly modified variation of the menu was taken national during one of the largest menu expansions in the company's history. Chief Marketing Officer Mike Kappitt said breakfast produced 12 percent of the company's income, but that was only half of what McDonald's made. Part of the expansion was a major advertising campaign that encouraged people to change their minds about

neglect of the brand at the hands of then-parent Pillsbury and its successors, Grand Metropolitan and Diageo. When the company was sold to a group led by TPG Capital in 2004, the trend of targeting an expanded audience was renewed under a plan by its then-CEO Brad Blum. During Blum's tenure, the company added several products that featured higher-quality ingredients and other menu fare that again attempted to appeal to the adult palate and demographic. As in the past, not all of these products met corporate sales expectations, or in the case of several of its larger offerings, resulted in

The products were some of the first designed by a fast food restaurant chain that were intended to capture the adult market, members of which would be willing to spend more on a higher-quality product. The expanded Burger King menu was part of a plan by then-company president Donald N. Smith to reach the broadest possible demographic market to better compete with McDonald's, and to fend off then newcomer Wendy's, who had a growing market share. The plan was successful: the company's sales increased by 15 percent. Despite another menu expansion in 1985, the company's market gains diminished due to

"McDonald's Deluxe line"
the others on September 27, 1996. Except for the McLean Deluxe, all sandwiches were developed by McDonald's executive chef Andrew Selvaggio. McDonald's budgeted at $100–150 million (USD) for the introduction of the line and contracted the Minneapolis, Minnesota,-based ad firm of Fallon McElligott to oversee the roll out of the project. The original advertising for these products took the form of children criticizing the new adult oriented sandwiches and Ronald McDonald doing more adult themed things, such as going dancing or playing golf. The firm went so far as to commission the Columbus, Ohio-based Fahlgren ad firm to create a

"Supreme Court of the Philippines"
and the procedural rules to be observed in all courts. The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions. Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” This judicial power is exercised through the judiciary’s primary role of adjudication, which includes the “duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine

which heretofore was under the Department of Justice. After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo

mandamus may be availed of only if ""there is no appeal, or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law."" However, notwithstanding the grant of original jurisdiction, the Court has, through the years, assigned to lower courts such as the Court of Appeals the power to hear petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and habeas corpus. As a result, the Court has considerable discretion to refuse to hear these petitions filed directly before it on the ground that such should have been filed instead with the Court of Appeals or the appropriate lower court. Nonetheless,

as well as “those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations”. The Court ""en banc"" also decides cases originally heard by a division when a majority vote cannot be reached within the division. The Court also has the discretion to hear a case ""en banc"" even if no constitutional issue is involved, as it typically does if the decision would reverse precedent or presents novel or important questions. Far and away the most common mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an appeal from a decision rendered

lower courts, although there are notable exceptions to this rule. The Court also refuses to entertain cases originally filed before it that should have been filed first with the trial courts. The other mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an original petition filed directly with the Supreme Court, in cases that the Constitution establishes ""original jurisdiction"" with the Supreme Court. Under Section 5(1), Article VIII of the Constitution, they are ""cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus."" Resort to certiorari, prohibition and

"Supreme court"
fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court ""form part of the law of the land"", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate

whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.” The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review, a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted. Still, this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action, as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. As

hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office."" Since 1901, only Associate Justice Austria-Martinez had resigned for health reasons. In September, 2008, Austria-Martinez, citing health reasons, filed a letter to the Court through Chief Justice Reynato Puno, tendering her resignation effective April 30, 2009, or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19, 2010. This was followed by Justice Martin Villarama Jr., who resigned in January 2016 due to health reasons. The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the

or even the destroy erroneous data gathered. On January 22, 2008, the Supreme Court en banc approved the rules for the writ of Habeas Data (""to protect a person’s right to privacy and allow a person to control any information concerning them""), effective on February 2, the Philippines’ Constitution Day. Since the courts' creation, English had been used in court proceedings. But for the first time in Philippine judicial history, or on August 22, 2007, three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan will use Filipino, to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as

Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as ""Korte Suprema"") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has ""administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof"". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.

"Adventure Time"
The cast members recorded their lines in group recordings, and the series regularly employed guest actors for minor and recurring characters. Each episode runs for about eleven minutes; pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half-hour program slots. On September 29, 2016, it was announced that the series would conclude in 2018, after the airing of its tenth season. The series finale aired on September 3, 2018. ""Adventure Time"" has been a ratings success for Cartoon Network and some episodes have attracted over 3 million viewers; despite being aimed primarily at children, it has developed a following among teenagers

new episodes debuted every day. This change in airing style disrupted the viewing patterns of some fans, as Dave Trumbore of Collider explained: ""Back when [the show] was regularly airing in a more traditional schedule, it was a little easier to keep track of the completely insane episodes full of half-explained mythology and lots and lots of non-sequiturs. During the last few seasons, however, [when] the episodes started to arrive in more of a scattershot fashion scheduled around multi-part specials [it became easier to miss] the random airings of certain episodes."" The series concluded in 2018, after the airing of

"Adventure Time (season 10)"
Adventure Time (season 10) The tenth and final season of ""Adventure Time"", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on September 17, 2017 and ended on September 3, 2018. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. It follows the final adventures of Finn (a human boy) and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the series' other main characters: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King,

"Adventure Time (season 8)"
sixth and seventh seasons, the eighth season of ""Adventure Time"" featured several ""bomb"" weeks, or weeks when new episodes debuted everyday. The first of these began on January 23, 2017, with ""Two Swords""/""Do No Harm"" and concluded on January 27, 2017, with ""Jelly Beans Have Power"". The second week-long string of episodes occurred between January 30 and February 2, 2017, during which the whole of ""Islands"" aired. The season debuted on March 26, 2016, with the episode ""Broke His Crown"". It was watched by 1.13 million viewers and scored a 0.3 Nielsen rating in the 18 to 49-year-old demographic. Nielsen

"Regular Show (season 8)"
was announced on July 7, 2015 and aired from September 26, 2016 to January 16, 2017. The season was branded under the title ""Regular Show in Space"". The episode ""The Ice Tape"" features the final voice performance of David Ogden Stiers as he died on March 3, 2018 which was 15 months after the episode aired. The series was renewed for an eighth season on July 7, 2015, along with many other Cartoon Network shows. ""Regular Show"" is one of two Cartoon Network series ever to get an eighth season, the other being ""Adventure Time"". The release date was announced

Program. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> A DVD set including seasons eight, nine and ten was released on September 4, 2018. On January 15, 2019, the tenth season is scheduled for release on DVD and Blu-ray in Australia. Adventure Time (season 10) The tenth and final season of ""Adventure Time"", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on September 17, 2017 and ended on September 3, 2018. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. It follows the final adventures of Finn (a human boy) and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog

on July 31, 2014). A DVD set that includes season eight along with seasons nine and ten was released in the United States on September 4, 2018. On November 27, 2018, the season was released by itself on DVD and Blu-ray in Australia. Adventure Time (season 8) The eighth season of ""Adventure Time"", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on March 26, 2016, and concluded on February 2, 2017. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. It follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend

17, 2017 when ""Seventeen"", ""Ring of Fire"", ""Marcy and Hunson"" and ""The First Investigation"" aired. The third was March 18, 2018, when ""Blenanas"", ""Jake the Starchild"", ""Temple of Mars"", and ""Gumbaldia"" aired. The tenth season of ""Adventure Time"" had its television premiere on September 17, 2017, with ""The Wild Hunt"" episode bomb. It was watched by 0.77 million viewers and scored a 0.24 Nielsen rating in the 18-to- 49-year-old demographic. Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems which determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States, and the episodes were seen by 0.24 percent of all

17, 2016), ""President Bubblegum"" (September 27, 2016), ""Brain Robbers"" (March 28, 2017), ""The Ooorient Express"" (July 18, 2017), ""Princess & Princess"" (January 30, 2018), ""Thunder Road"" (June 19, 2018), and ""Marceline the Pirate Queen"" (February 26, 2019). On July 21, 2018, it was announced that after the conclusion of the television series, BOOM! Studios would begin serializing a comic book line entitled ""Season 11"". These comics would pick up after the series finale ""Come Along with Me"" and focus on ""all new stories in the aftermath of The Great Gum War."" However, series show runner Adam Muto later wrote on

and Cake"" (2013), ""Jake the Dad"" (2013), ""The Suitor"" (2014), ""Princess Day"" (2014), ""Adventure Time and Friends"" (2014), ""Finn the Human"" (2014), ""Frost & Fire"" (2015), ""The Enchiridion"" (2015), ""Stakes"" (2016), ""Card Wars"" (2016), and ""Islands"" (2017). Additionally, all of the seasons have been released or are scheduled for release on DVD, and the first six have been released on Blu-ray. On March 30, 2013, the first season of ""Adventure Time"" was made available on the Netflix Instant Watch service for online streaming; the second season was made available on March 30, 2014. Both seasons were removed from Netflix on

"NCIS: New Orleans"
is keen to leave her past behind as she moves to New Orleans; Sonja Percy (Shalita Grant), a former ATF special agent and LaSalle's partner; Tammy Gregorio (Vanessa Ferlito), an FBI prodigy recruited after a short stint investigating Pride; and Sebastian Lund (Rob Kerkovich), a criminalist turned forensics agent and the team’s newest member. They are assisted by Patton Plame (Daryl Mitchell), a computer specialist, and Dr. Loretta Wade (CCH Pounder), a forensic pathologist. On January 12, 2015, ""NCIS: New Orleans"" was renewed for a second season that premiered on September 22, 2015. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the

the series, though Daryl Mitchell and Shalita Grant joined the series as regulars during season 2. Both had recurred previously. In July 2016, Zoe McLellan, who plays Special Agent Meredith Brody, left the series ""for creative reasons"", and Vanessa Ferlito joined the cast as FBI Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, a series regular. On February 2, 2018, it was announced that Shalita Grant would leave the series in the 17th episode of season 4; she would ultimately depart in the 19th episode. On August 24, 2018, it was announced that Necar Zadegan would join the cast as Special Agent Hannah Khoury

"NCIS (TV series)"
stars Scott Bakula as Special Agent Dwayne Cassius Pride, Lucas Black as Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, Zoe McLellan as Special Agent Meredith ""Merri"" Brody, Rob Kerkovich as Sebastian Lund, and CCH Pounder as Dr. Loretta Wade. Daryl ""Chill"" Mitchell, Shalita Grant and Vanessa Ferlito joined the main cast later, portraying computer specialist Patton Plame, Special Agent Sonja Percy, and Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, respectively. On May 9, 2014, ""NCIS: New Orleans"" was picked up by CBS and was renewed for a second season on January 12, 2015. ""NCIS"" and ""NCIS: New Orleans"" have had two crossovers. ""NCIS"" has received many

series for a third season, which premiered on September 20, 2016. Show creator and executive producer Gary Glasberg, age 50, died unexpectedly on September 28, 2016. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2018. Scott Bakula was cast as the series lead on February 2014 with CCH Pounder, Zoe McLellan and Lucas Black joining soon thereafter. Rob Kerkovich joined the cast in July. He was the final original cast member to join

pilot of """". ""Legend"" introduces Chris O'Donnell as G. Callen, LL Cool J as Sam Hanna, Daniela Ruah as Kensi Blye, and Barrett Foa as Eric Beale. Rocky Carroll recurs on ""NCIS: Los Angeles"" as his ""NCIS"" character Director Leon Vance, while Pauley Perrette has appeared twice as Abby, and Michael Weatherly has appeared once as Anthony DiNozzo. ""NCIS"" guest stars reprising roles between series include David Dayan Fisher as CIA Officer Trent Kort, in the season-one finale of ""NCIS: Los Angeles""; Kelly Hu as Lee Wuan Kai in ""NCIS: Los Angeles"" and later in an episode of ""NCIS"". John

It has always been here. It forever will be."" NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series ""NCIS"". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the ""NCIS"" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season.

Orleans"" follows a fictional team of Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) agents stationed out of New Orleans, Louisiana and led by Special Agent Dwayne Cassius Pride (Scott Bakula). The team focuses on crimes that involve personnel in the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and their territory ranges from the Mississippi River to the Texas Panhandle. The agents under Pride's supervision include Christopher LaSalle (Lucas Black), a former Jefferson Parish sheriff's deputy recruited by Pride following Hurricane Katrina; Meredith Brody (Zoe McLellan), a transfer from the NCIS Great Lakes field office, who has worked as a Special Agent Afloat and

""NCIS"" spin-off series with the title """", with the backdoor pilot, ""Legend"", airing on April 28, 2009, and May 5, 2009. The backdoor pilot introduced Chris O'Donnell as Special Agent G. Callen, LL Cool J as Special Agent Sam Hanna, Louise Lombard as Special Agent Lara Macy, Peter Cambor as Operational Psychologist Nate Getz: and Daniela Ruah as Special Agent Kensi Blye. The crew for the series includes Michael B. Kaplan, Lev L. Spiro, Jerry London, Sheldon Epps, and Mark Saraceni. Following the show's official pick-up by CBS, it was confirmed that Louise Lombard had not been signed to continue

as Tony, Robyn Lively as Vivian Blackadder, Pauley Perrette as Abby, and David McCallum as Ducky. Patrick Labyorteaux appears on ""NCIS"" reprising his ""JAG"" role as Lt. Bud Roberts in the first-season episode ""Hung Out to Dry"", and in the fourteenth-season episode ""Rogue""; Alicia Coppola returned as Lt. Cmdr. Faith Coleman in ""UnSEALed"", ""Call of Silence"", and ""Hometown Hero"", while Adam Baldwin returned as Cmdr. Michael Rainer in ""A Weak Link"", and John M. Jackson appeared as retired Rear Admiral A. J. Chegwidden in the season-ten episode ""Damned If You Do"". The two-part ""NCIS"" episode ""Legend"" serves as the back-door

McGee (Sean Murray), Ziva David (Cote de Pablo), Eleanor Bishop (Emily Wickersham), Alexandra Quinn (Jennifer Esposito), and Nicholas Torres (Wilmer Valderrama). Over the course of the series, they are further assisted by allies both foreign and domestic, including Dr. Donald Mallard (David McCallum), Dr. Jimmy Palmer (Brian Dietzen), forensic specialists Abby Sciuto (Pauley Perrette) and Kasie Hines (Diona Reasonover), British intelligence officer Clayton Reeves (Duane Henry), operational psychologist and senior special agent Dr. Jacqueline Sloane (Maria Bello), and successive NCIS Directors Jennifer Shepard (Lauren Holly) and Leon Vance (Rocky Carroll). Prior to the launch of the first season, advertisements on

what word is used to describe knowledge about the universe and method of obtaining that knowledge

Knowledge
Knowledge Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as ""justified true belief"", though this definition is now thought by some analytic

Knowledge
philosophers to be problematic because of the Gettier problems, while others defend the platonic definition. However, several definitions of knowledge and theories to explain it exist. Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of ""acknowledgement"" in human beings. The definition of knowledge is a matter of ongoing debate among philosophers in the field of epistemology. The classical definition, described but not ultimately endorsed by Plato, specifies that a statement must meet three criteria in order to be considered knowledge: it must be justified, true, and believed.

Knowledge
of one's religious knowledge may vary from person to person, as will the degree to which it may occupy the person's mind (frequency), the intensity of the knowledge, and the centrality of the information (in that religious tradition, or to that individual). Knowledge Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the

Knowledge
certainty, maintaining skepticism means that a scientist will never be absolutely certain when they are correct and when they are not. It is thus an irony of proper scientific method that one must doubt even when correct, in the hopes that this practice will lead to greater convergence on the truth in general. In many expressions of Christianity, such as Catholicism and Anglicanism, knowledge is one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. The Old Testament's tree of the knowledge of good and evil contained the knowledge that separated Man from God: ""And the LORD God said, Behold, the

Knowledge
and most universal of all forms of recording and transmitting knowledge. It stands unchallenged as mankind's primary technology of knowledge transfer down through the ages and to all cultures and languages of the world. Situated knowledge is knowledge specific to a particular situation. It is a term coined by Donna Haraway as an extension of the feminist approaches of ""successor science"" suggested by Sandra Harding, one which ""offers a more adequate, richer, better account of a world, in order to live in it well and in critical, reflexive relation to our own as well as others' practices of domination and

Knowledge
accordingly. Intuition is the ability to acquire partial knowledge without inference or the use of reason. An individual may ""know"" about a situation and be unable to explain the process that led to their knowledge. The development of the scientific method has made a significant contribution to how knowledge of the physical world and its phenomena is acquired. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning and experimentation. The scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and

Knowledge
man is become as one of us, to know good and evil..."" () In Gnosticism, divine knowledge or gnosis is hoped to be attained. विद्या दान (Vidya Daan) i.e. knowledge sharing is a major part of Daan, a tenet of all Dharmic Religions. Hindu Scriptures present two kinds of knowledge, ""Paroksh Gyan"" and ""Prataksh Gyan"". ""Paroksh Gyan"" (also spelled ""Paroksha-Jnana"") is secondhand knowledge: knowledge obtained from books, hearsay, etc. ""Pratyaksh Gyan"" (also spelled ""Pratyaksha-Jnana"") is the knowledge borne of direct experience, i.e., knowledge that one discovers for oneself. Jnana yoga (""path of knowledge"") is one of three main types of

Nyaya
word, literally is ""means of knowledge"". It encompasses one or more reliable and valid means by which human beings gain accurate, true knowledge. The focus of Pramana is how correct knowledge can be acquired, how one knows, how one doesn't, and to what extent knowledge pertinent about someone or something can be acquired. The Naiyayikas (the Nyaya scholars) accepted four valid means (""pramaṇa"") of obtaining valid knowledge (""pramana"") - perception (""pratyakṣa""), inference (""anumāna""), comparison (""upamāna"") and word/testimony of reliable sources (""śabda""). The Nyaya scholars, along with those from other schools of Hinduism, also developed a theory of error, to methodically

Revelation
with a natural explanation. Revelation In religion and theology, revelation is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities. Some religions have religious texts which they view as divinely or supernaturally revealed or inspired. For instance, Orthodox Jews, Christians and Muslims believe that the ""Torah"" was received from Yahweh on biblical Mount Sinai. Most Christians believe that both the Old Testament and the New Testament were inspired by God. Muslims believe the Quran was revealed by God to Muhammad word by word through the angel Gabriel

"Knowledge of Christ"
Knowledge of Christ The knowledge of Christ refers to one of two possible, and at times related, topics in Christology: one addresses how Christians come to know Christ, the other focuses on the knowledge of Christ about the world. Discussions regarding the knowledge of Christ have had a central place in Christology for centuries. In the 20th century, the interplay between the two concepts was epitomized in the title of a book by Hans Urs von Balthasar: """"Does Jesus Know Us? Do We Know Him?"" Christian teachings on what it means to ""know Christ"" effectively gave rise to the field

"Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)"
the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. Five other versions are recorded in the Van Gogh estate papers: Two Arles versions left the artist's estate unrecorded: Sunflowers (Van Gogh series) Sunflowers (original title, in French: Tournesols) is the name of two series of still life paintings by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The first series, executed in Paris in 1887, depicts the flowers lying on the ground, while the second set, executed a year later in Arles, shows a bouquet of

Sunflowers (Van Gogh series) Sunflowers (original title, in French: Tournesols) is the name of two series of still life paintings by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The first series, executed in Paris in 1887, depicts the flowers lying on the ground, while the second set, executed a year later in Arles, shows a bouquet of sunflowers in a vase. In the artist's mind both sets were linked by the name of his friend Paul Gauguin, who acquired two of the Paris versions. About eight months later van Gogh hoped to welcome and to impress Gauguin again with ""Sunflowers"", now

the following year. One went to decorate his friend Paul Gauguin's bedroom. The paintings show sunflowers in all stages of life, from full bloom to withering. The paintings were considered innovative for their use of the yellow spectrum, partly because newly invented pigments made new colours possible. In a letter to Theo, Vincent wrote: ""It's a type of painting that changes its aspect a little, which grows in richness the more you look at it. Besides, you know that Gauguin likes them extraordinarily. He said to me about them, among other things: ‘that — ... that's... the flower’. You know

when Vincent had just finished the first repetitions of the ""Berceuse"" and the ""Sunflowers"" pendants, he told Theo: ""I picture to myself these same canvases between those of the sunflowers, which would thus form torches or candelabra beside them, the same size, and so the whole would be composed of seven or nine canvases."" A definite hint for the arrangement of the triptych is supplied by Van Gogh's sketch in a letter of July 1889. Later that year, Vincent selected both versions for his display at Les XX, 1890. Van Gogh began painting in late summer 1888 and continued into

In the Amsterdam version a strip of wood was added at the top—probably by van Gogh himself. The Tokyo version, however, was enlarged on all sides with strips of canvas, which were added at a later time—presumably by the first owner, Émile Schuffenecker. The series is perhaps van Gogh's best known and most widely reproduced. In the 2000s debate arose regarding the authenticity of one of the paintings, and it has been suggested that this version may have been the work of Émile Schuffenecker or of Paul Gauguin. Most experts, however, conclude that the work is genuine. In January 1889,

part of the painted ""Décoration for the Yellow House"" that he prepared for the guestroom of his home in Arles, where Gauguin was supposed to stay. After Gauguin's departure, van Gogh imagined the two major versions as wings of the ""Berceuse Triptych"", and finally he included them in his Les XX in Bruxelles exhibit. Little is known of Van Gogh's activities during the two years he lived with his brother, Theo, in Paris, 1886–1888. The fact that he had painted ""Sunflowers"" already is only revealed in the spring of 1889, when Gauguin claimed one of the Arles versions in exchange

that Jeannin has the peony, Quost has the hollyhock, but I have the sunflower, in a way."" On March 30, 1987, Japanese insurance magnate Yasuo Goto paid the equivalent of US $39,921,750 for van Gogh's ""Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers"" at auction at Christie's London, at the time a record-setting amount for a work of art. The price was over three times the previous record of about $12million paid for Andrea Mantegna's ""Adoration of the Magi"" in 1985. The record was broken a few months later with the purchase of another Van Gogh, ""Irises"", by Alan Bond for $53.9million

"Vincent van Gogh's display at Les XX, 1890"
new wheat on the furrows in winter. In between the seasons were embedded the heraldic flowers of Provence — sunflowers, dear to the artistic and literary circles of the Félibres, the néo-provencal movement around Frédéric Mistral. These seasonal links are set not only in subject matter, but — and from Van Gogh's point of view even more important — reinforced by the choice of colour. Each of the six paintings is dominated by one of the six primary colours (yellow, red, blue, and their complementaries orange, green, and violet). He uses yellow and orange in the two Sunflowers-versions, red in

"Vincent van Gogh"
his mirror. Van Gogh painted several landscapes with flowers, including roses, lilacs, irises, and sunflowers. Some reflect his interests in the language of colour, and also in Japanese ukiyo-e. There are two series of dying sunflowers. The first was painted in Paris in 1887 and shows flowers lying on the ground. The second set was completed a year later in Arles, and is of bouquets in a vase positioned in early morning light. Both are built from thickly layered paintwork, which, according to the London National Gallery, evoke the ""texture of the seed-heads"". In these series, Van Gogh was not

blue and yellow. I work on it all these mornings, from sunrise. Because the flowers wilt quickly and it's a matter of doing the whole thing in one go."" The sunflowers were painted to decorate the walls in anticipation of Gauguin's visit, and Van Gogh placed individual works around the ""Yellow House's guest room"" in Arles. Gauguin was deeply impressed and later acquired two of the Paris versions. After Gauguin's departure, Van Gogh imagined the two major versions of the sunflowers as wings of the ""Berceuse Triptych"", and included them in his ""Les XX"" in Brussels exhibit. Today the major

"Large denominations of United States currency"
The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar. Although they are still technically legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then. The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000

"United States $1 Coin Act of 1997"
United States $1 Coin Act of 1997 The United States $1 Coin Act of 1997 was legislation passed by the United States Congress providing for a redesigned gold colored coin with a distinctive new rim. A major purpose of the Act was to allow for the replacement of the Susan B. Anthony dollar. The stockpiles of that coin had been depleted to the point that minting new coins would soon be required. The Sacagawea dollar was introduced as a result of the Act. On October 21, 1997, Congress held hearings on the Act. The most contentious issue was whether or

depict either historical figures, allegorical figures symbolizing significant concepts (e.g., liberty, justice), or a combination of both. The reverse designs range from abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers to reproductions of historical art works. Series 1934 gold certificates ($100, $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000) were issued after the gold standard was repealed and gold was compulsorily confiscated by order of President Franklin Roosevelt on March 9, 1933 (see United States Executive Order 6102). Thus the series 1934 notes were used only for intragovernmental (i.e., Federal Reserve Bank) transactions and were not issued to the public. This series was discontinued in 1940.

type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) predates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives. Large denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and

"Banknotes of the United States dollar"
last printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill the largest denomination banknote in circulation. A $1 note was added in 1963 to replace the $1 Silver Certificate after that type of currency had been discontinued. Since United States Notes were discontinued in 1971, Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of currency circulating in the US. In 1976, a $2 note was added, 10 years after the $2 denomination of United States Note was officially discontinued. The denomination proved to be unpopular and is now treated as a curiosity, although it is still being printed. Starting

Large denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher) had been used in the United States since the late 18th century. The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina, authorized by legislation dated May 10, 1780. Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes

"Obsolete denominations of United States currency"
exception of the $100,000 bill, these bills ceased production in the 1940s, and were recalled in 1969. Of these, the $100,000 was printed only as a Series 1934 gold certificate and was only used for internal government transactions. The United States also issued fractional currency for a brief time in the 1860s and 1870s, in several denominations each less than a dollar. Additionally, various state banks printed and issued $3 bills before the currency was unified. Three-dollar bills may be seen at the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC, as issued by the Bank

"United States dollar"
Bank Note. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s. Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 were

"Presidential $1 Coin Program"
Donald Trump were ineligible to have a dollar coin issued in their honor. The series ended in 2016, after honoring Ronald Reagan, the last President who was eligible. Since the program has terminated, producing coins for those presidents not yet honored would require another Act of Congress. Dollar coins were issued bearing the likenesses of presidents, as follows: The United States has honored the spouses of each of the Presidents honored by the Presidential $1 Coin Act by issuing half-ounce $10 gold coins featuring their images, in the order they served as First Spouse, beginning in 2007. To date, all

Since 2010, another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent is being minted; this ""shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country"", and replaced the Lincoln Memorial reverse in use from 1959 to 2008. Presidential $1 Coin Program The Presidential $1 Coin Program (), was the release by the United States Mint of $1 coins with engravings of relief portraits of U.S. presidents on the obverse and the Statue of Liberty on the reverse. From 2007 to 2011, presidential $1 coins were minted for circulation in large numbers,

"Prince Edward Island"
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; ) is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name, and several much smaller islands. Prince Edward Island is one of the three Maritime Provinces and is the smallest province in both land area and population. It is part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq, and became a British colony in the 1700s and was federated into Canada as a province in 1873. Its capital is Charlottetown. According to the 2016 census, the province of Prince Edward Island has 142,907 residents. The backbone of the economy

Edward Island, comprising 1.3% of the province's population. Almost half of respondents identified their ethnicity as ""Canadian"". ""Source: Statistics Canada"" The Canada 2016 Census showed a population of 142,910. Of the 140,020 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue, the most commonly reported languages were as follows: In addition, there were 460 responses of both English and a ""non-official language""; 30 of both French and a ""non-official language""; 485 of both English and French; and 20 of English, French, and a ""non-official language"". (Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total

the 10 provincial governments and the Federal Government upon the centenary of the Charlottetown Conference, where it stands in Charlottetown as a national monument to the ""Fathers of Confederation"". The Centre is one of the 22 National Historic Sites of Canada located in Prince Edward Island. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the largest ethnic group consists of people of Scottish descent (39.2%), followed by English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%), German (5.2%), and Dutch (3.1%) descent. Prince Edward Island's population is largely white; there are few visible minorities. Chinese Canadians are the largest visible minority group of Prince

the Gulf of St. Lawrence, west of Cape Breton Island, north of the Nova Scotia peninsula, and east of New Brunswick. Its southern shore bounds the Northumberland Strait. The island has two urban areas. The largest surrounds Charlottetown Harbour, situated centrally on the island's southern shore, and consists of the capital city Charlottetown, and suburban towns Cornwall and Stratford and a developing urban fringe. A much smaller urban area surrounds Summerside Harbour, situated on the southern shore west of Charlottetown Harbour, and consists primarily of the city of Summerside. As with all natural harbours on the island, Charlottetown and Summerside

"Demographics of Prince Edward Island"
outmigration of 1,450 people to Alberta; and a net influx of 700 people from Newfoundland and Labrador, 530 from Ontario, 295 from Nova Scotia, 180 from New Brunswick, 150 from British Columbia, and 110 from Manitoba. During this period there was also a net outmigration of 165 francophones to Quebec, and a net influx of 145 anglophones from Quebec. (All net inter-provincial and official minority movements of more than 100 persons are given.) The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown comprises the entire Island and is the second oldest English diocese in Canada. The Archdiocese of Kingston is the oldest. Demographics

Canadian census showed a population of 135,851. Of the 133,570 singular responses to the question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were: There were also 30 single-language responses for Greek and Niger-Congo languages n.i.e.; 25 for Russian; 20 for Ukrainian; 15 for Finnish, Germanic languages n.i.e., Inuktitut, Maltese, Persian and Tagalog; and 10 for Czech, Estonian, Portuguese, Slovenian, Turkish and Vietnamese. In addition, there were also 105 responses of English and a non-official language; 25 of French and a non-official language; 495 of English and French; and 10 of English, French, and a non-official language. (Figures shown are

Quebec City. It consists of the main island and 231 minor islands. Altogether, the entire province has a land area of . The main island is in size, slightly larger than the U.S. state of Delaware. It is the 104th-largest island in the world and Canada's 23rd-largest island. In 1798, the British named the island colony for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820), the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. Prince Edward has been called ""Father of the Canadian Crown"". The following island landmarks are also named after the Duke of Kent:

single-language responses.) Traditionally the population has been evenly divided between Catholic and Protestant affiliations. The 2001 census indicated number of adherents for the Roman Catholic Church with 63,240 (47%) and various Protestant churches with 57,805 (43%). This included the United Church of Canada with 26,570 (20%); the Presbyterian Church with 7,885 (6%) and the Anglican Church of Canada with 6,525 (5%); those with no religion were among the lowest of the provinces with 8,705 (6.5%). If one considers that the founders of the United Church of Canada were largely Presbyterians in Prince Edward Island, the Island has one of the

site of significant archeological interest. Despite Prince Edward Island's small size and reputation as a largely rural province, it is the most densely populated province in Canada. The climate of the island is considered to be moderate and strongly influenced by the surrounding seas. As such, it is milder than inland locations owing to the warm waters from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The climate is characterized by changeable weather throughout the year; it has some of the most variable day-to-day weather in Canada, in which specific weather conditions seldom last for long. During July and August, the average daytime

greater. The province is a major producer of seed potatoes, exporting to more than twenty countries around the world. An estimated total of 70% of the land is cultivated and 25% of all potatoes grown in Canada originate from P.E.I. The processing of frozen fried potatoes, green vegetables, and berries is a leading business activity. As a legacy of the island's colonial history, the provincial government enforces extremely strict rules for non-resident land ownership, especially since the PEI ""Lands Protection Act"" of 1982. Residents and corporations are limited to maximum holdings of 400 and 1,200 hectares respectively. There are also

"Women in business"
spot as market share holder with its Document Technology business. As of 2016, women only account for only 20% of all S&P 500 directors despite making up 47% of the U.S. workforce and controlling about 75% of household spending and more than 50% of personal wealth in the U.S. There are around 2 women per board, with the average S&P 500 board consisting of 11 members. As of 2014, females make up only 14.6% percent of executive officers and 4.6% of fortune 500 CEOs. In 2015, women held 17.9% of the board seats on Fortune 1000 companies, showing the disproportionate

senior executives and board members while Japan had only 2% female representation in board members and 2.5% female representation in C-suite executives. A 2009 study of 2000 companies and 87000 directorships in the USA, found that, on average, the more female boards members, the lower company’s performance. Catalyst, a non-profit research organization, reported that having a higher percentage of women board directors was positively associated with companies’ scores on four of six CSP (Corporate Social Performance) dimensions: environment, community, customers, and supply chain. Catalyst also found that there is a positive correlation between companies’ board diversity and philanthropic giving. A

and the Washington Post became a public corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Ursula Burns was named CEO of Xerox in 2009. The then $17 billion industry leading company was run by Anne Mulcahy, who chose Burns as her successor. This transference of leadership was the first time a female CEO chose another female CEO to succeed her. There are currently only 5 African American CEO’s heading Fortune 500 companies and amongst them Burns is the only female. By accomplishing this she defeated the odds that many young women of color are facing today. “Many people told me

"Gender diversity"
number of Female CEO’s with the FTSE 100 also rose between 2014 and 2015 also increased. In Spring 2014 the report showed there were 4 female CEOs in the FTSE 100, this increase to 5 by Spring 2015. By 2017, the number of female CEOs among Fortune 500 companies numbered 32 (~6%). Female Chief Financial Officers Female CFO’s in the FTSE 100 saw the highest increase. In Spring 2014 there were 8 female CFO’s in the FTSE 100, this rose to 12 by Spring 2015. Although rather than 100 companies, this figure was out of 99 due to one company

"Women in positions of power"
of the 192 representatives, only 32 are women, which is only 16.67% female, barely over half of what they recommend for governing bodies. Additionally, of these 32 countries represented by women, only three, the United States, Singapore, and Luxembourg, are considered core countries, making women-represented core countries only an even smaller percentage. Most top and high-power positions in businesses and companies are held by men. Women currently hold 4.4 percent of Fortune 500 CEO roles and 4.4 percent of Fortune 1000 CEO roles. Research has shown “a consistent difference favoring men in accessibility to, and utility of, resources for power”.

gender representation on corporate boards of directors. While the number of women on Fortune 500 corporate boards continues to rise, the average rate of increase is only one-half of one percent per year. One in nine in the Fortune 500 list still doesn't have any women on their board. As of 2014, nearly 60% of 22,000 global firms had no female board members, a little over half had no female C-suite executives, and less than 5% had a female CEO. However, there is substantial variation amongst different countries: Norway, Latvia, Bulgaria, and Slovenia had at least 20% female representation in

"Network of Executive Women"
Network of Executive Women The Network of Executive Women (NEW) is a women's leadership organization serving the retail, consumer goods, financial services and technology industries. It represents more than 11,000 members from 850 companies, 100 corporate partners and 21 regions in the U.S. and Canada. NEW's mission is to advance all women and create a better workplace for everyone through research, advocacy, leadership development and organizational change. Sarah Alter — named president and CEO of NEW in June 2017 — has wide-ranging experience in the retail, financial services and technology markets. As vice president of Discover Financial Services, she led

"Gender representation on corporate boards of directors"
female directors. The 2014 Catalyst Census found that 26.2% of S&P 500 companies had 24% or more female directors. In Canada, 36.7% of S&P/TSX60 Companies has 25% or more female directors. 53 of the 100 largest companies in Latin America have at least one female director. In Africa, 67.1% of 307 listed companies across 12 African nations surveyed had at least 1 female director. 33.6% of the companies only have 1 female director. One approach taken by governments to achieve gender equality on corporate boards has been to enact legislation requiring a set quota of female representation on corporate boards.

Women in business The phrase women in business covers the history of women participating in leadership roles in commerce. Katharine Graham became the CEO of The Washington Post company in 1972, making her the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company. In her memoir, Graham outlines the personal struggles that she faced as a woman in such a high position at a publishing company. She constantly doubted herself and would often look for reassurance from male colleagues. Graham played an integral part in the success of the Washington Post. During her three decades of leadership, revenue grew nearly twentyfold

"Founder CEO"
Buffett, Martha Stewart, Bernard Madoff, Sergey Brin and Oprah Winfrey. According to some scholars such as Rudiger Fahlenbrach, firms led by founder CEOs outperform those led by non-founder CEOs, in both stock performance and market valuation. Between the time period of 1993 and 2002 an equally weighted portfolio, consisting of companies led by founder CEOs, would have earned an annual benchmark-adjusted return of 8.3%. In other words, an excess abnormal return of 4.4% annually. As of March 2016, 16 companies in the S&P 500 still have founder CEOs, who have been with the company for at least 5 years. In

Orinoco
Orinoco The Orinoco River () is one of the longest rivers in South America at . Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers , with 76.3 percent of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water. The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the llanos of Colombia. The environment in the Orinoco's basin is extremely diverse; it hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna. The mouth of the Orinoco River at the Atlantic

Orinoco
starts as an arm of the Orinoco, and finds its way to the Rio Negro, a tributary of the Amazon, thus forming a 'natural canal' between Orinoco and Amazon. The boto and the giant otter inhabit the Orinoco River system. The Orinoco crocodile is one of the rarest reptiles in the world. Its range in the wild is restricted to the middle and lower Orinoco River Basin. More than 1000 fish species have been recorded in the river basin and about 15% are endemic. Among the fish in the river are species found in brackish or salt water in the

"Orinoco Basin"
relief, climate, hydrography, vegetation, soils, and mineral resources. The Orinoco basin covers an area of almost 989000 km of which 643480 km or slightly more than 65% remain in Venezuelan territory, while the remaining 35% is in Colombian territory in the Colombian Llanos and The eastern slope of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, a stretch of the great mountain range of the Andes. This Colombian region is called Orinoquía. Of the part located in Venezuela, just over half extend from the Venezuelan Andes and the Cordillera de la Costa to the north-western bank of the Orinoco River (the left bank),

Orinoco
1950s, about 10,000 tons of ore-bearing soil was mined per day. The Orinoco River deposits also contain extensive tar sands in the Orinoco oil belt, which may be a source of future oil production. Encompassing the states of Anzoategui-Guarico and Monagas states, the Interior Range forms the northern boundary and the Guayana Shield the southern boundary. Maturin forms the eastern subbasin and Guarico forms the western subbasin. The El Furrial oil field was discovered in 1978, producing from late Oligocene shallow marine sandstones in an overthrusted foreland basin. Since 1988, the local government of Ciudad Guayana has conducted a swim

Orinoco
The river is navigable for most of its length, and dredging enables ocean ships to go as far as Ciudad Bolívar, at the confluence of the Caroní River, upstream. River steamers carry cargo as far as Puerto Ayacucho and the Atures Rapids. In 1926, a Venezuelan mining inspector found one of the richest iron ore deposits near the Orinoco delta, south of the city of San Felix on a mountain named ""El Florero"". Full-scale mining of the ore deposits began after World War II, by a conglomerate of Venezuelan firms and US steel companies. At the start in the early

Orinoco
Ocean was documented by Columbus on 1August 1498, during his third voyage. Its source at the Cerro Delgado–Chalbaud, in the Parima range, was not explored until 1951, 453 years later. The source, near the Venezuelan–Brazilian border, at above sea level (), was explored in 1951 by a joint Venezuelan–French team. The Orinoco Delta, and tributaries in the eastern llanos such as the Apure and Meta, were explored in the 16th century by German expeditions under Ambrosius Ehinger and his successors. In 1531 Diego de Ordaz, starting at the principal outlet in the delta, the Boca de Navios, sailed up the

Orinoco Basin The Orinoco Basin is the part of South America drained by the Orinoco river and its tributaries. The Orinoco watershed covers an area of about 990000 km, making it the third largest in South America, covering most of Venezuela and eastern part of Colombia. The Orinoco is one of the most important rivers in the world due to its length and flow (2140 km and more than 30000 m/s), the extent of its basin (1 million km) and especially its historical importance and economic and the meaning it has had for Venezuela, where most of its basin is

forming most of the Venezuelan plains and the delta Orinoco. The southern part of the basin contains most of the waters that come from the Venezuelan Guiana. The sources of the Orinoco River are located at Cerro Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, at 1047 meters above sea level, discovered in 1951 by the Franco-Venezuelan expedition that went back and explored the Upper Orinoco course to the Sierra Parima, headed By Venezuelan army officer Frank Risquez Iribarren. The first reference to this expedition was that of Alberto Contramaestre Torres in 1954. And there are other references to this expedition, for example, that of

Orinoco
river to the Meta. Antonio de Berrio sailed down the Casanare to the Meta, and then down the Orinoco River and back to Coro. In 1595, after capturing de Berrio to obtain information while conducting an expedition to find the fabled city of El Dorado, the Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh sailed down the river, reaching the savannah country. Alexander von Humboldt explored the basin in 1800, reporting on the pink river dolphins. He published extensively on the river's flora and fauna. The first bridge across the Orinoco River was the Angostura Bridge at Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, completed in 1967. In

km of surface and a production of about 10 million kW/hour, which defines it as one of the most valuable and productive rivers in the world: to date, the production of the Guri hydro-electric power station is only surpassed by the Itaipú hydro-electric power station, in the Paraná River. In the Cuao river basin (except for the long, or horseshoe-shaped lagoons formed by some abandoned meanders), the only lagoon in the basin: the lagoon of King Leopold, so named because it was discovered during an expedition sponsored by King Leopold III Of Belgium a little more than 50 years ago

"Sylvan Debating Club"
first meeting being held on January 6, 1868. The club, particularly in its early years, included a number of prominent members. This was partly driven by the Harmsworth family, who owned several leading newspapers. Ultimately three of Alfred Harmsworth's sons were raised to the peerage, all of whom became members of the club. Their associates and those of the other founders ensured that the club enjoyed the presence of illustrious members of British society well into the early decades of the twentieth century. Operating in such a milieu meant that the activities of the Sylvans were reflected in major British

"Enosinian Society"
Debate & Literary Society is directed by GWU Director of Debate Paul S. Hayes. The Enosinian Society was formed in 1822 during the first semester of the Columbian College. On March 6, 1822 students of the newly formed University gathering ""for the purpose of establishing a debating society."" A constitution was drafted and the society adopted the name of the ""Enosinian."" The original society met at Enosinian Hall, located on the fourth floor of the Columbian College's main building at College Hill, D.C. The society's first formal event was the celebration of Independence Day on July 4, 1822. In the

"Rota Club"
Rota Club The Rota Club refers to a debate society, composed of learned gentlemen, who debated republican ideology in London between November 1659 and February 1660. The Club was founded and dominated by James Harrington. It began during the English Interregnum (1649–1660) and lasted until the early months of the Restoration (1660). The Rota Club owes its creation to James Harrington. This aristocratic author had been using English Coffee houses since as early as 1656 to promote his works of republican political philosophy, such as ""The Commonwealth of Oceana"" (which was released in 1656), and was well received in these

"London Debating Societies"
lectures, which coincided with the debating societies, reflect the growing interest in public speaking during the eighteenth-century. Along with the growing emphasis on politeness and elocution, Donna Andrew suggests four main institutional precursors of the formal debating societies of later eighteenth-century London. First of these were convivial clubs of fifty or more men who met weekly in pubs to discuss politics and religion. An example of this type of club was the Robin Hood Society. The nineteenth century author John Timbs notes: The ""baker"" was Caleb Jeacocke, president for 19 years. By the 1730s, the Robin Hood Society was flourishing,

"Literary and Debating Society (NUI Galway)"
the college as the Queen's College Literary and Scientific Society in 1852, under the patronage of Thomas Moffett, Professor of History, English Literature and Mental Science. By 1860, under the auditorship of John Monroe, the society had achieved significant prestige among the educated classes of the city, who attended its meetings in large numbers, and its activities were reported in great detail by the local press. The 1860-1870 period was the most successful decade of the early society, with figures such as John Atkinson, Antony MacDonnell, T.P. O'Connor, Frank Hugh O'Donnell, Michael MacAuliffe, Michael Francis Ward, Robert MacSwinney, William Thomson

of the society are unclear, but it is thought that the organisation evolved from an informal discussion set up in the city of Galway in the early 1840s. The foundation by the Westminster government of a college of higher education at Galway, by means of the Colleges (Ireland) Act of 1845, seems to have inspired the members of this group to put it on a surer footing with the formal foundation of the Literary and Scientific Society in 1846. Meetings of the society were held in public from 1850, by which time the society had become dominated by students of

that the members who learned and trained in republican ideology there went into the world, taking these philosophies with them. Rota Club The Rota Club refers to a debate society, composed of learned gentlemen, who debated republican ideology in London between November 1659 and February 1660. The Club was founded and dominated by James Harrington. It began during the English Interregnum (1649–1660) and lasted until the early months of the Restoration (1660). The Rota Club owes its creation to James Harrington. This aristocratic author had been using English Coffee houses since as early as 1656 to promote his works of

newspaper reports at the time, particularly in coverage of the club's annual dinner, which was something of a set-piece event. In 1901, the Duke of Norfolk was the principal guest. In 1906, Charles Darling, a judge and future Privy Council member, was a guest. Lord Carson, a former cabinet member and leader of the opposition in the government of the United Kingdom, was the principal guest at the dinner in 1927. Over the years the Sylvans discussed topics such as the probity of the British press, the clarity of language used in British legal courts, the past and future of

end of the century. The French Revolution began in 1789 and Thale notes that, Understandably fearful of the ramifications of such an example just across the English Channel, the British government began to crack down on the debating societies. Without specific legislation to block the meetings, the government often intimidated or threatened the landlords of the venues where debates were held, who in turn closed the buildings to the public. 1792 saw the formation of the London Corresponding Society, a group of artisans, mechanics, and shopkeepers. The LCS met in pubs and taverns, discussed openly radical works such as Thomas

London, their existence indicates the tendency toward elocution, public debate, and politics that was certainly present in the British mindset. Regardless of when the debating societies formally began, they were firmly established in London society by the 1770s. At this time, many of the societies began to move out of the pubs and taverns in which they had initially met, and into larger and more sophisticated rooms and halls. Tea, coffee, and sometimes sweets and ice cream replaced the alcohol of the taverns, and the admission fee also increased. The new setting and atmosphere contributed to an overall more respectable

No-hitter
hit in three games in a span of 12 months or fewer. No-hit by Arizona's Edwin Jackson on June 25, 2010, the Rays were also the victims of two perfect games: the first by White Sox pitcher Mark Buehrle on July 23, 2009, the second by Oakland's Dallas Braden on May 9, 2010. On August 15, 2012, the Rays were once again on the losing end of a perfect game, this time at the helm of Félix Hernández and the Seattle Mariners. The vast majority of no-hit games are finished by the starting pitcher, but twelve MLB no-hitters have been

No-hitter
also the latest calendar date for a no-hit game thus far. On September 28, 1975, four Oakland A's pitchers (Vida Blue, Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, Rollie Fingers) combined for a season-ending no-hitter against the California Angels. Mike Witt of the California Angels threw a perfect game against the Texas Rangers on September 30, 1984. Henderson Álvarez of the Miami Marlins no-hit the Detroit Tigers on September 29, 2013, to close the regular season. Jordan Zimmermann of the Washington Nationals no-hit the Miami Marlins on the last day of the 2014 season, September 28. The latest regular-season no-hitter by calendar date

No-hitter
the Yankees team hitting streak ended in a rain-shortened official game on July 12, 1990, after . The St. Louis Cardinals have the second-longest team hitting streak in MLB history: May 12, 1919 to May 14, 1960, a period of . Among AL teams, the Kansas City Royals have the longest team hitting streak: May 15, 1973 to May 19, 2008, a period of . The longest current streak is held by the Oakland Athletics at (4103 games, including 44 postseason games) as of March 11, 2017. They were last held hitless on July 13, 1991, when four Baltimore Orioles

No-hitter
of games without a no-hitter anywhere in the Major Leagues is 6,364, between Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004, for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and Aníbal Sánchez's no-hitter on September 6, 2006, for the Florida Marlins. The previous record was a 4,015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30, 1984, to September 19, 1986. The pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels: the first on May 15, 1973, and the second on

No-hitter
25 recorded no-hitters in MLB history, most recently by Ervin Santana of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in a 3–1 win against the Cleveland Indians on July 27, 2011. On two occasions, a team has thrown a nine-inning no-hitter and still lost the game. On a further four occasions, a team has thrown a no-hitter for eight innings in a losing effort, but those four games are not officially recognized as no-hitters by Major League Baseball because the outing lasted fewer than nine innings. It is theoretically possible for opposing pitchers to throw no-hitters in the same game, although

No-hitter
been scoreless up to that point. Of all the teams that have thrown at least one no-hit game, however, the Cleveland Indians, as of end of the 2017 MLB season, have had the longest drought; the last such game thrown by the team was by Len Barker on May 15, 1981, which was also a perfect game. The New York Mets, who began play in 1962, went without a no-hitter until Johan Santana pitched one on the night of June 1, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals at home at Citi Field. The 8–0 victory closed out their era as

"Shutouts in baseball"
a winning home team will not bat (and the visiting team will not field) in the bottom of the ninth if they are winning, and the game will end with only 8½ innings played. In 1991, Major League Baseball changed the definition of a no-hitter to require that a pitcher throw at least nine full innings for the no-hitter to be official. With that change, there have been four no-hit performances ruled ineligible despite the pitcher pitching an eight-inning complete game in a losing effort: Silver King (June 21, 1890), Andy Hawkins (July 1, 1990), Matt Young (April 12, 1992),

No-hitter
nine perfect innings against the San Diego Padres before giving up a hit in the tenth and exiting the game, which the Expos then won, 1–0. On August 23, 2017, in a game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Pittsburgh Pirates, Dodgers pitcher Rich Hill pitched nine no-hit innings, only to lose his no-hit bid (and the game) on a walk-off homer by Josh Harrison in the 10th inning. This was another potential perfect game; the perfect game was broken up by a ninth-inning error, the first time this had happened in MLB history. Only one existing franchise in

No-hitter
in the modern era is October 3, achieved by Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals in 2015. The Houston Astros' Mike Scott no-hit the San Francisco Giants on September 25, 1986, a victory that also clinched the National League West title for the Astros; this is the only such occurrence in Major League history to date. In the first game of a doubleheader on September 28, 1951, Allie Reynolds of the New York Yankees pitched a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox which clinched a tie for the American League pennant (the pennant was clinched outright in the doubleheader's second

No-hitter
game). There have been two postseason no-hitters in MLB history, one by a pitcher from each league. For the AL, on October 8, 1956, Don Larsen of the New York Yankees threw a perfect game in Game 5 of that year's World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. The feat had nearly been accomplished nine years earlier by the Yankees' Bill Bevens, who came within one out of a no-hitter (though not a perfect game) against the Brooklyn Dodgers in Game 4 of the 1947 World Series, only to lose the game on a pinch-hit double by Cookie Lavagetto. There have

who was the french chef given credit for developing the classic kitchen​ brigade

"Brigade de cuisine"
Brigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine (, ""kitchen brigade"") is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as ""kitchen staff"" in English-speaking countries. The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935). This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen. This is an exhaustive list of the different members of the kitchen brigade. Only the largest of establishments would have an extensive staff of this size. As noted under some titles, certain positions are combined into other positions when such a large staff

"Alexis Soyer"
Alexis Soyer Alexis Benoît Soyer (4 February 18105 August 1858) was a French chef who became the most celebrated cook in Victorian England. He also tried to alleviate suffering of the Irish poor in the Great Irish Famine (1845–1849), and contributed a penny for the relief of the poor for every copy sold of his pamphlet ""The Poor Man's Regenerator"" (1847). He worked to improve the food provided to British soldiers in the Crimean War. A variant of the field stove he invented at that time, known as the ""Soyer stove"", remained in use with the British army until 1982.

"Marie-Antoine Carême"
Marie-Antoine Carême Marie Antoine (Antonin) Carême (; 8 June 178412 January 1833) was a French chef and an early practitioner and exponent of the elaborate style of cooking known as ""grande cuisine"", the ""high art"" of French cooking: a grandiose style of cookery favoured by both international royalty and by the newly rich of Paris. Carême is often considered one of the first internationally renowned celebrity chefs. Abandoned by his parents in Paris in 1794 at the height of the French Revolution, he worked as a kitchen boy at a cheap Parisian chophouse in exchange for room and board. In

"Alain Senderens"
Alain Senderens Alain Senderens (2 December 1939 – 25 June 2017) was a leading French chef and practitioner of ""Nouvelle Cuisine"". ""Le Figaro"" credited him as the inventor of food and wine pairings. Senderens was born in Hyères, Var, France and completed secondary school in Labatut-Rivière. Before moving to Paris, he apprenticed at the Ambassador Hotel in Lourdes. In Paris, Senderens worked at well-known restaurants La Tour d'Argent and Lucas Carton, which he would later own. He later became the sous-chef at a Hilton restaurant near Orly Airport. In 1968, Alain Senderens opened L'Archestrate in Paris, which he operated until

is unnecessary. Note: Despite the use of ""chef"" in English as the title for a cook, the word actually means ""chief"" or ""head"" in French. Similarly, ""cuisine"" means ""kitchen"", but also refers to food or cooking generally, or a type of food or cooking. Brigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine (, ""kitchen brigade"") is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as ""kitchen staff"" in English-speaking countries. The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935). This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the

"Jules Gouffé"
Jules Gouffé Jules Gouffé (1807 in Paris – 1877 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a renowned French chef and pâtissier. He was nicknamed ""l'apôtre de la cuisine décorative"" (). He had a deep impact on the evolution of French gastronomy by gathering an immense knowledge that he wrote down in his ""Le Livre de Cuisine"" and his ""Le Livre de Pâtisserie"". Revered by great names such as Bernard Loiseau and molecular gastronomy researchers, such as Hervé This, his legacy is still vibrant among cooks of today. His learning began under his father's supervision who owned a ""pâtisserie"" (pastry shop) on Neuve Saint-Merri

"Adolphe Dugléré"
as well as Carême (although not the title itself). It was composer Gioachino Rossini who dubbed Dugléré ""Le Mozart de la cuisine"" (The Mozart of the Kitchen). Legend has it that on one occasion Rossini was in the restaurant and asked that Dugléré prepare his ""filet"" at his table in a chafing dish. Dugléré made some excuse and Rossini is reported to have said, """"Eh bien, faites-le tourné de l'autre coté, tournez-moi le dos!"""" (""Alright, do it somewhere else. Turn your back on me!"") However, the OED gives a number of different claims for the origin of the term ""tournedos"".

"Antoine Beauvilliers"
which was published by Pilet in two octavo volumes with a great number of illustrative engravings in 1814. It became a classic of French gastronomic literature. A second edition, with a supplement, appeared in 1821. An English translation, ""The Art of French Cookery"", was published in London by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824. Antoine Beauvilliers Antoine B. Beauvilliers (1754 – 31 January 1817) was a pioneering restaurateur who opened the first prominent grand restaurant in Paris. Moreover, he wrote ""L'Art du Cuisinier"". Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin considers him the most important of the early restaurateurs, as ""he was

"Auguste Escoffier"
Auguste Escoffier Georges Auguste Escoffier (; 28 October 1846 – 12 February 1935) was a French chef, restaurateur and culinary writer who popularized and updated traditional French cooking methods. Much of Escoffier's technique was based on that of Marie-Antoine Carême, one of the codifiers of French ""haute cuisine"", but Escoffier's achievement was to simplify and modernize Carême's elaborate and ornate style. In particular, he codified the recipes for the five mother sauces. Referred to by the French press as ""roi des cuisiniers et cuisinier des rois"" (""king of chefs and chef of kings""—though this had also been previously said of

"Fernand Point"
Fernand Point Fernand Point (25 February 1897 – 4 March 1955) was a French chef and restaurateur and is considered to be the father of modern French cuisine. He founded the restaurant La Pyramide in Vienne near Lyon. He was born in Louhans, Saône-et-Loire, France. Both his parents were accomplished cordon bleu chefs and ran a buffet. He started cooking when he was ten and worked at some of the best restaurants of the time. He had received his training with Foyot in Paris, the Bristol Hotel, Paris, the Majestic in Cannes, and the Royal Hotel in Évian-les-Bains. In 1922,

"Cannes Film Festival"
Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Festival (; ), until 2002 called the International Film Festival (') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. It is one of the ""Big Three"" alongside the Venice Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+, Pierre Lescure,

took over as President of the Festival, while Thierry Fremaux became the General Delegate. The board of directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the Festival. The 2018 Cannes Film Festival took place between 8 and 19 May 2018. The jury president was Australian actress Cate Blanchett, and ""Shoplifters"", directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda, won the Palme d'Or. The Cannes Film Festival has its origins in 1932 when Jean Zay, the French Minister of National Education, on the proposal of historian Philippe Erlanger and with the support of the British and Americans, set up an international cinematographic festival. Its

Cannes
Cannes Cannes (; ; ) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The city is known for its association with the rich and famous, its luxury hotels and restaurants, and for several conferences. On 3 November 2011 it also played host to the G20 organisation of industrialised nations. By the 2nd century BC, the Ligurian Oxybii established a settlement here known as ""Aegitna"" (Αἴγιθνα in Ancient Greek). Historians are unsure what the name

"2018 Cannes Film Festival"
2018 Cannes Film Festival The 71st annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 19 May 2018. Australian actress Cate Blanchett acted as President of the Jury. The Japanese film ""Shoplifters"", directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda, won the Palme d'Or. Asghar Farhadi's psychological thriller ""Everybody Knows"", starring Javier Bardem, Penélope Cruz and Ricardo Darín, opened the festival and competed in the Main Competition section. It was the second Spanish-language film to open Cannes, following Pedro Almodóvar's ""Bad Education"", which screened on the opening night of the 2004 festival. The official festival poster features Jean-Paul Belmondo and Anna Karina from Jean-Luc

female film professionals, led by Jury president Cate Blanchett and veteran director Agnès Varda, took part to a demonstration on the red carpet, demanding more equality between men and women in the film industry, notably the end of the pay gap. In Competition Un Certain Regard Cinéfondation Golden Camera FIPRESCI Prizes Ecumenical Prize International Critics' Week Directors' Fortnight L'Œil d'or Queer Palm Palm Dog Prix François Chalais Cannes Soundtrack Award Trophée Chopard 2018 Cannes Film Festival The 71st annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 19 May 2018. Australian actress Cate Blanchett acted as President of the Jury.

"2017 Cannes Film Festival"
Ghost Story"", directed by Fabio Grassadonia and Antonio Piazza, was selected as the opening film for the International Critics' Week section, while ""Brigsby Bear"", directed by Dave McCary, was selected as its closing film. The feature film competition included, for the first time in the section's history, an animated film and a documentary film. Feature films - The winner of the Nespresso Grand Prize has been highlighted. Short films - The winner of the Discovery Award for Short Film has been highlighted. Special screenings The full selection for the Directors' Fortnight section was announced on 20 April 2017, at the

appointment of the President of the Jury is made following several annual management proposals made in the fall and submitted to the Festival's board of directors for validation. The jury meets annually at the historic Villa Domergue to select the winners. The most prestigious award given at Cannes is the Palme d'Or (""Golden Palm"") for the best film. The festival has become an important showcase for European films. Jill Forbes and Sarah Street argue in ""European Cinema: An Introduction"" (), that Cannes ""became...extremely important for critical and commercial interests and for European attempts to sell films on the basis of

festival was held as the ""Festival du film de Cannes"", where films from sixteen countries were presented. The festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. In 1949, the ""Palais des Festivals"" was expressly constructed for the occasion on the seafront promenade of La Croisette, although its inaugural roof, while still unfinished, blew off during a storm. In 1951, the festival was moved to spring to avoid a direct competition with the Venice Festival which was held in autumn. During the early 1950s, the festival attracted a lot of tourism and press attention, with showbiz

section: The following films were selected for the International Critics' Week section: The following films were selected to be screened in the Directors' Fortnight section: A ban on Netflix films in competition, which came about after the streaming giant refused to show them in French cinemas, has meant the issues of streaming and distribution have also been hot topics. The issue prompted Juror Ava DuVernay, who made ""13th"" for Netflix, to make a plea for ""flexibility of thought"". In March and April 2018, weeks before general delegate Thierry Frémaux was set to unveil the official selection, reports suggested streaming service

2017 Cannes Film Festival The 70th Cannes Film Festival took place from 17 to 28 May 2017, in Cannes, France. Spanish film director and screenwriter Pedro Almodóvar was the President of the Jury for the festival and Italian actress Monica Bellucci hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. ""Ismael's Ghosts"", directed by French director Arnaud Desplechin, was the opening film for the festival. The festival celebrated its 70th anniversary. In late March 2017, the official poster of the festival was revealed featuring Italian actress Claudia Cardinale. The actress responded, ""'I am honoured and proud to be flying the flag for the

"Jon Cryer"
Jon Cryer Jonathan Niven Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor and television director. Born into a show business family, Cryer made his motion picture debut as a teenaged photographer in the 1984 romantic comedy ""No Small Affair""; his breakout role came in 1986, playing ""Duckie"" Dale in the John Hughes-written film ""Pretty in Pink"". In 1998, he wrote and produced the independent film ""Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God... Be Back by Five"". Although Cryer gained fame with his early film roles, it took several years to find success on television; none of his

"Beautiful Boy (2018 film)"
father with Crowe directing. In 2015, ""Variety"" announced that Belgian director Felix Van Groeningen had taken over as director with a new script written by Australian writer Luke Davies. In January 2017, it was revealed that Steve Carell and Will Poulter were attached to star in the project, as the father and son, respectively. Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner and Brad Pitt were announced as the main producers. In February 2017, it was officially announced that Timothée Chalamet was cast in the film as Nic Sheff, opposite Carell who will play his father. Van Groeningen said that out of more than

America besides himself, they are, they are stoned and need to rethink their priorities, 'cause he's, you know, 'cause it's just ridiculous that's he's gotten as far as he has."" Jon Cryer Jonathan Niven Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor and television director. Born into a show business family, Cryer made his motion picture debut as a teenaged photographer in the 1984 romantic comedy ""No Small Affair""; his breakout role came in 1986, playing ""Duckie"" Dale in the John Hughes-written film ""Pretty in Pink"". In 1998, he wrote and produced the independent film ""Went to Coney Island

"Pretty in Pink"
site's consensus reads: ""Molly Ringwald gives an outstanding performance in this sweet, intelligent teen comedy that takes an ancient premise and injects it with insight and wit."" The main cast of ""Pretty in Pink"" was featured in the October 15, 2010 issue of ""Entertainment Weekly"", whose theme was cast reunions for landmark films and television shows. Like previous films by John Hughes, ""Pretty in Pink"" featured a soundtrack composed mostly of new wave music. While director Howard Deutch originally intended the film to primarily contain theme music, Hughes influenced Deutch's decision to use post-punk music throughout the film. The title

"A Study in Pink"
refilmed, this time directed by Paul McGuigan. The British Board of Film Classification has rated the pilot as a 12 certificate (not suitable for children under 12) for video and online exhibition, and it is included as an additional feature on the DVD released on 30 August 2010. John Watson (Martin Freeman), an Army doctor injured in Afghanistan, meets Sherlock Holmes (Benedict Cumberbatch) who is looking for a flatmate to share a flat at 221B Baker Street, owned by landlady Mrs. Hudson (Una Stubbs). The police, led by Detective Inspector Lestrade (Rupert Graves), have been baffled by a strange series

"Sitting Pretty (1948 film)"
each night at the home of their friends, fellow lawyer Bill Philby (John Russell) and his wife Edna (Louise Allbritton), just to squelch any possibility of scandal in their suburban community of Hummingbird Hill. Late that night, however, one of the boys becomes sick. Tacey rushes over. It turns out to be just a stomach ache, but nosy neighbor Clarence Appleton (Richard Haydn) notices the lights on and comes over to investigate. He starts spreading scandalous rumors linking Belvedere and Tacey romantically. The gossip eventually reaches Horatio J. Hammond (Ed Begley), Harry's boss. When Harry returns triumphant from his trip,

"Beautiful Boy (2010 film)"
their eighteen-year-old son Sam (Kyle Gallner), who is having trouble adjusting to college. One morning, it's reported on the news that there has been a shooting spree at Sam's school. They are then visited by the police who inform them that Sam is not only dead, but that he was the gunman. Kate refuses to believe that their son would do something so horrible, and spends the night tidying up Sam's room as if nothing has happened. As the news media descends upon the couple, Bill and Kate decide to stay with Kate's brother Eric (Alan Tudyk) and his wife

Trish (Moon Bloodgood). The next morning, Eric and Trish's son Dylan (Cody Wai-Ho Lee) turns on the television to see a video made by Sam about the impending massacre. Bill then decides to issue a public statement, saying that they are both deeply sorry over what has happened, and ask for their privacy as they endeavor to get their lives back on track. They have a small funeral with only family present. Trish soon becomes agitated at Kate's nit-picking, and her attempts to mother Dylan, but Eric says that she has to be sensitive to their situation since Sam was

not on the soundtrack. The Rave-Ups, who do appear in the film performing ""Positively Lost Me"" and ""Shut-Up"" from their ""Town and Country"" album, do not have any songs on the soundtrack album. Nik Kershaw's ""Wouldn't It Be Good"" appears as re-recorded by former Three Dog Night vocalist Danny Hutton's band, Danny Hutton Hitters. Also noteworthy is the inclusion of Echo & the Bunnymen's ""Bring On the Dancing Horses"", which, according to the liner notes of the CD release of the band's compilation album Songs to Learn & Sing, was recorded specifically for the film. The film also includes Otis

"Pretty Baby...."
Television Award nomination for Best Actress in 2009 for her performance in the episode. It is night time, and as Dot Branning (June Brown) makes herself a cup of cocoa at home, she records a message on a tape recorder for her husband Jim (John Bardon), who is in hospital recovering from a stroke. Dot tells Jim everyone is missing him, and that she has been dreading recording the message. She talks about her Christian faith and remembers her childhood, her first marriage to Charlie Cotton (Christopher Hancock) and her friendship with Ethel Skinner (Gretchen Franklin). She talks about when

"Unsaturated fat"
Unsaturated fat An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. Where double bonds are formed, hydrogen atoms are subtracted from the carbon chain. Thus, a saturated fat has no double bonds, has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons, and therefore is ""saturated"" with hydrogen atoms. In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain somewhat less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an

unsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Foods containing unsaturated fats include avocado, nuts, olive oils, and vegetable oils such as canola. Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats. Although unsaturated fats are conventionally regarded as 'healthier' than saturated fats, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation stated that the amount of unsaturated fat consumed should not exceed 30% of one's daily caloric intake. Most foods contain both unsaturated and saturated fats. Marketers advertise only one or the other, depending on which one makes up the majority. Thus, various

equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. Double bonds may be in either a ""cis"" or a ""trans"" isomer, depending on the geometry of the double bond. In the ""cis"" isomer, hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond; whereas in the ""trans"" isomer, they are on opposite sides of the double bond (see trans fat). Saturated fats are useful in processed foods

Fat
Fat Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with the other two: carbohydrate and protein. Fats molecules consist of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms, thus they are all hydrocarbon molecules. Examples include cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. The terms ""lipid"", ""oil"" and ""fat"" are often confused. ""Lipid"" is the general term, though a lipid is not necessarily a triglyceride. ""Oil"" normally refers to a lipid with short or unsaturated fatty acid chains that is liquid at room temperature, while ""fat"" (in the strict sense) may specifically refer to lipids that are solids at room temperature – however, ""fat"" (in

"Monounsaturated fat"
Monounsaturated fat In biochemistry and nutrition, monounsaturated fatty acids (abbreviated MUFAs, or more plainly monounsaturated fats) are fatty acids that have one double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remainder carbon atoms being single-bonded. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have more than one double bond. Fatty acids are long-chained molecules having an alkyl group at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other end. Fatty acid viscosity (thickness) and melting temperature increases with decreasing number of double bonds; therefore, monounsaturated fatty acids have a higher melting point than polyunsaturated fatty acids (more double

"Polyunsaturated fat"
Polyunsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fats are fats in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon–carbon double bonds. Polyunsaturated fat can be found mostly in nuts, seeds, fish, seed oils, and oysters. ""Unsaturated"" refers to the fact that the molecules contain less than the maximum amount of hydrogen (if there were no double bonds). These materials exist as ""cis"" or ""trans"" isomers depending on the geometry of the double bond. Saturated fats have hydrocarbon chains which can be most readily aligned. The hydrocarbon chains in trans fats align more readily than those in cis fats, but less well than

unsaturated fat vegetable oils, such as olive oils, also contain saturated fat. In chemical analysis, fatty acids are separated by gas chromatography of methyl esters; additionally, a separation of unsaturated isomers is possible by argentation thin-layer chromatography. Incidence of insulin resistance is lowered with diets higher in monounsaturated fats (especially oleic acid), while the opposite is true for diets high in polyunsaturated fats (especially large amounts of arachidonic acid) as well as saturated fats (such as arachidic acid). These ratios can be indexed in the phospholipids of human skeletal muscle and in other tissues as well. This relationship between dietary

fats and insulin resistance is presumed secondary to the relationship between insulin resistance and inflammation, which is partially modulated by dietary fat ratios (Omega-3/6/9) with both omega 3 and 9 thought to be anti-inflammatory, and omega 6 pro-inflammatory (as well as by numerous other dietary components, particularly polyphenols and exercise, with both of these anti-inflammatory). Although both pro- and anti-inflammatory types of fat are biologically necessary, fat dietary ratios in most US diets are skewed towards Omega 6, with subsequent disinhibition of inflammation and potentiation of insulin resistance. But this is contrary to the suggestion of more recent studies, in

avocados. Olive oil is about 75% monounsaturated fat. The high oleic variety sunflower oil contains as much as 85% monounsaturated fat. Canola oil and cashews are both about 58% monounsaturated fat. Tallow (beef fat) is about 50% monounsaturated fat. and lard is about 40% monounsaturated fat. Other sources include avocado oil, macadamia nut oil, grapeseed oil, groundnut oil (peanut oil), sesame oil, corn oil, popcorn, whole grain wheat, cereal, oatmeal, almond oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil, and tea-oil Camellia. Monounsaturated fat In biochemistry and nutrition, monounsaturated fatty acids (abbreviated MUFAs, or more plainly monounsaturated fats) are fatty acids that have

"Saturated and unsaturated compounds"
fatty acid residues turn more rapidly rancid than those with a high proportion of saturated fatty acid residues ,as for example coconut fat. In a long chain of carbons, such as a fatty acid, a double or triple bond will cause a kink in the chain. These kinks have macro-structural implications. Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature, rather than solid, as the kinks in the chain prevent the molecules from packing closely together to form a solid. These fats are called oils and are present in fish and plants. In other unsaturated hydrocarbons, the double bond between

"Supernatural (season 13)"
promoted to series regular for this season. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 100% approval rating for ""Supernatural""'s thirteenth season, with an average rating of 7.87/10 based on 6 reviews. Supernatural (season 13) The thirteenth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and concluded on May 17, 2018. The season consists of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. This season featured a backdoor pilot to a possible

Supernatural (season 13) The thirteenth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and concluded on May 17, 2018. The season consists of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. This season featured a backdoor pilot to a possible spin-off series called ""Wayward Sisters"", starring Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills, Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak, Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones, Clark Backo as Patience

"Supernatural (U.S. TV series)"
Kripke departed the series as showrunner. The series has continued on for several more seasons with new showrunners, including Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, Robert Singer and Andrew Dabb. With its eleventh season, ""Supernatural"" became the longest-running American live-action fantasy TV series. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourteenth season, which premiered on October 11, 2018, and will consist of 20 episodes. Before bringing ""Supernatural"" to television, creator Eric Kripke had been developing the series for nearly ten years, having been fascinated with urban legends since he was a child. He had originally envisioned ""Supernatural"" as

while Crowley sacrifices himself to kill Lucifer. Crowley and Castiel die trying to kill Lucifer while Mary and Lucifer are pulled into the rift created by the Nephilim's birth. Dean kneels down in despair after witnessing Castiel being killed while Sam is shocked when he arrives to see Jack the Nephilim grown into a teenager. The thirteenth season premiered on October 12, 2017, and concluded on May 17, 2018, consisting of 23 episodes. Dean and Sam are left reeling from the loss of so many allies and family members and their new responsibility to 'raise' Jack, with Sam willing to

"Supernatural (season 12)"
Supernatural (season 12) The twelfth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 13, 2016, on The CW and concluded on May 18, 2017. The season consisted of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm (ET) for the first 8 episodes before moving to 8:00 pm (ET) in January 2017. This is the first season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ""Supernatural"" was renewed for a twelfth season by The CW on March 11, 2016. The twelfth season is the final season to feature Mark A. Sheppard

"Supernatural (season 14)"
season would contain only 20 episodes, the series' shortest season since the third season which was only 16 episodes due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 89% approval rating for ""Supernatural""'s fourteenth season, with an average rating of 7.86/10 based on 9 reviews. Supernatural (season 14) The fourteenth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 11, 2018, on The CW. The season will consist of 20 episodes and airs on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the third season with

Supernatural (season 14) The fourteenth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 11, 2018, on The CW. The season will consist of 20 episodes and airs on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the third season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. The thirteenth episode of the season will mark the 300th episode of the series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Amyn Kaderali will direct the fourteenth episode of the season. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourteenth season. In June, it was revealed that the fourteenth

what he wants most for helping her. At the bunker, Castiel is banished by a woman who identifies herself as Lady Antonia Bevell of the London chapter of the Men of Letters. Antonia tells Sam the Men of Letters have sent her to bring Sam in for punishment for his actions and fires her gun, apparently at Sam as he tries to talk her down. Making his way through the woods, Dean finds his resurrected mother. The twelfth season premiered on October 13, 2016, and concluded on May 18, 2017, consisting of 23 episodes. Dean meets his mother for the

them through. As Lucifer takes Jack's power for himself, Dean is forced to make a deal to act as the vessel for the alternate Michael to stop him. Dean is able to stay in control long enough to kill Lucifer, but the season ends with Michael taking control of Dean's body and departing. The fourteenth season premiered on October 11, 2018, and will consist of 20 episodes. Throughout the series, Dean drives a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala which he refers to as ""Baby."" Having been passed down to him by his father (John), it is Dean's most prized possession, with

as Crowley as the actor announced in May 2017 he would not be returning for season 13. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes currently reports a 86% approval rating for ""Supernatural""'s twelfth season, with an average rating of 8/10 based on 7 reviews. Supernatural (season 12) The twelfth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 13, 2016, on The CW and concluded on May 18, 2017. The season consisted of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm (ET) for the first 8 episodes before moving to 8:00 pm (ET)

who won the award for best goalkeeper in football world cup 2006

"2006 FIFA World Cup"
goals were scored by 110 players, with four of them credited as own goals. FIFA's Technical Study Group (TSG) also granted a Man of the Match award to one player in each match. Italy's Andrea Pirlo won the most Man of the Match awards, with three in total. Miroslav Klose, Agustin Delgado, Arjen Robben, Zé Roberto, Alexander Frei, Michael Ballack, and Patrick Vieira each received two awards. The All-star team is a squad consisting of the 23 most impressive players at the 2006 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group. The team was chosen from a shortlist of

"2006 FIFA World Cup Final"
Euro 2000 final, was the only player not to score his penalty; his spot kick hit the crossbar, leaving Fabio Grosso – who scored Italy's first goal in the semi-final against Germany – to score the winning penalty. <section begin=Final /> <section end=Final /> <section begin=Lineups /> </includeonly><section end=Lineups /> Match rules: German President Horst Köhler, UEFA president Lennart Johansson, and the local organizing committee president Franz Beckenbauer were among those present on the pitch stage during the awards ceremony. President Köhler handed the trophy to Italian captain Fabio Cannavaro without FIFA president Sepp Blatter's presence. As Cannavaro raised the

"2006 Ballon d'Or"
Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Scotland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and Wales. Each picked a first (5pts), second (4pts), third (3pts), fourth (2pts) and fifth choice (1pt). Cannavaro was the fifth Italian player to win the award after Omar Sívori (1961), Gianni Rivera (1969), Paolo Rossi (1982) and Roberto Baggio (1993). Gianluigi Buffon (Italy) was the top ranked goalkeeper in the list, in second place; Ronaldinho (Brazil) was the top ranked midfielder, in fourth place, while Thierry Henry (France) was the top-ranked forward, in third place. The following

claim the Golden Boot, the lowest total to win the prize since 1962. No other player scored more than three goals. No player from the winning Italian squad scored more than two goals, though ten players had scored for the team, tying France's record in 1982 for the most goalscorers from any one team. For the first time ever in the FIFA World Cup, the first and last goals of the tournament were scored by defenders. Philipp Lahm, the German left wingback, scored the opener against Costa Rica after only 5 minutes of the opening match. In the final, Marco

"IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper"
IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper The IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper is a football award given annually since 1987 to the most outstanding goalkeeper of the year as voted by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS). The votes are cast by IFFHS's editorial staff as well as experts from different continents. The award is awarded every January. The winning goalkeeper is awarded a gold trophy at the ""World Football Gala"". Italy's Gianluigi Buffon and Spain's Iker Casillas have the most award victories, having won it five times, followed by Germany's Manuel Neuer, who has won the award four times;

the 21st century, between 2001 and 2011; the award was won by the Italy's Gianluigi Buffon running ahead of Iker Casillas and Petr Čech. In 2012, the IFFHS also voted on The World‘s Best Goalkeeper of the past 25 years, taking into consideration goalkeepers' performances between 1987 – the year of the award's inception – and 2012; the award was won by the Italy's Gianluigi Buffon running ahead of Iker Casillas and Edwin van der Sar. IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper The IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper is a football award given annually since 1987 to the most outstanding goalkeeper of the

President Sepp Blatter hinted that he may allow some rule changes for future tournaments so that earlier accumulated bookings will not force players to miss the final, should their teams make it that far. The tournament also saw English referee Graham Poll mistakenly hand out three yellow cards to Croatia's Josip Šimunić in their match against Australia. The high number of yellow and red cards shown also prompted discussion about the referees. FIFA Officials and President Sepp Blatter received criticism for allegedly making rules too rigid and taking discretion away from referees. ""All times are Central European Summer Time ().""

"2005 Ballon d'Or"
Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Wales and Yugoslavia. Each picked a first (5pts), second (4pts), third (3pts), fourth (2pts) and fifth choice (1pt). Ronaldinho was the third Brazilian to win the award after Rivaldo (1999) and Ronaldo. Petr Čech (Czech Republic) was the top ranked goalkeeper in the list, at 14th plac. Paolo Maldini (Italy) was the best ranked defender, at sixth, while Thierry Henry (France) was the top-ranked forward, at fourth place. The following 26 men were originally in contention for the 2005 Ballon

2006 Ballon d'Or The 2006 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to the Italy Defender Fabio Cannavaro on 27 November 2006. On 16 October 2006, was announced the shortlist of 50 male players compiled by a group of experts from ""France Football"". There were 52 voters, from Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova,

the crossbar in the 35th minute for Italy, later having a header disallowed for offside, while France were not granted a possible second penalty in the 53rd minute when Florent Malouda went down in the box after a cover tackle from Gianluca Zambrotta. France appeared to be the side with better chances to win because of the higher number of shots on goal. They were unable to capitalise, however, and the score remained at one goal each. At the end of the regulation 90 minutes, the score was still level at 1–1, and the match was forced into extra time.

"Upstream (petroleum industry)"
Upstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P"")"", midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface. Upstream Industry has traditionally experienced the highest number of Mergers, Acquisitions and Divestitures. M&A activity for upstream oil and gas deals in 2012 totaled $254 billion in 679 deals. A large chunk of this M&A, 33%

in 2012, was driven by the unconventional/shale boom especially in the US followed by the Russian Federation and Canada. The aggregate value of Upstream E&P assets available for sale (Deals in Play) reached a record-high of $135 billion in Q3-2013. The value of Deals in Play doubled from $46 billion in 2009 to $90 billion in 2010. With ongoing M&A activity the level remained almost the same reaching $85 billion in Dec-2012. However, the first half of 2013 saw approximately $48 billion of net new assets coming on the market. Remarkably, the total value of Deals in Play in Q3-2013

nearly tripled over 2009 at $46 billion, in less than four years. This categorization comes from value chain concepts, even before formal development Value Chain Management. A company that has upstream as well as downstream operations. Examples include ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell and ChevronTexaco. A company that has either upstream or downstream operations, but not both. Examples include Anadarko, Sunoco, Phillips 66, ConocoPhillips, and Murphy. A company that provides products and/or services to the oil and gas industry. Usually a combination of labor, equipment, and/or other support services. Examples include Baker Hughes, a GE Company, Halliburton, and Schlumberger. A

"Downstream (petroleum industry)"
Downstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category

64,000,000 metric tons of sulfur produced worldwide in 2005 was byproduct sulfur from refineries and natural-gas processing plants. ISO 20815 defines ""downstream"" in its definition section as:<br> 3.1.8 downstream<br> business process, most commonly in petroleum industry, associated with post-production activities. Downstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through

"Keystone Pipeline"
President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion. Three phases of the project are in operation: The first two phases have the capacity to deliver up to of oil into the Midwest refineries. Phase III has capacity to deliver up to to the Texas refineries. By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged in first-half 2015, with gross exports of through July 2015. The proposed Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for ""export limited"") Pipeline (Phase IV) would connect the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta, and Steele City, Nebraska by a shorter

"Petroleum reservoir"
many geopolitical conflicts. The term ""oilfield"" is also used as a shorthand to refer to the entire petroleum industry. However, it is more accurate to divide the oil industry into three sectors: upstream (crude production from wells and separation of water from oil), midstream (pipeline and tanker transport of crude) and downstream (refining and marketing of refined products). Natural gas originates by the same geological thermal cracking process that converts kerogen to petroleum. As a consequence, oil and natural gas are often found together. In common usage, deposits rich in oil are known as oil fields, and deposits rich in

water. Rising gas prices in the early 21st century encouraged drillers to revisit fields that previously were not considered economically viable. For example, in 2008 McMoran Exploration passed a drilling depth of over 32,000 feet (9754 m) (the deepest test well in the history of gas production) at the Blackbeard site in the Gulf of Mexico. Exxon Mobil's drill rig there had reached 30,000 feet by 2006 without finding gas, before it abandoned the site. Crude oil is found in all oil reservoirs formed in the Earth's crust from the remains of once-living things. Evidence indicates that millions of years

"Libra oil field"
a consortium of five companies. Petrobras owns 40%, Royal Dutch Shell and Total each hold 20%, and CNPC and CNOOC both own 10%. Petrobras also acts as the operator. The region the reservoir is located in is wide and long. The oil lies under of water and further under sand, rock and shifting salt layer. According to consultancy firm Gaffney, Cline & Associates the field's reserves are ""with the most probable estimate being "". Libra oil field Libra oil field is a large ultra-deepwater oil prospect located in the Santos Basin, about off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,

"Delta Field (Niger Delta)"
Delta Field (Niger Delta) The Delta Field is located offshore from Nigeria on Oil Mining Leases (OML) 49 and 95. This is located within the Niger Delta Basin and sits in 12 feet of water. In 1965, the Delta 1 well was completed and the Delta Field opened in 1968 for production. The Niger Delta is a wave-dominated delta located on the continental margin of the Gulf of Guinea that formed in the Paleogene. The delta is fed with sediment from the Niger River, which has the ninth largest drainage area in the world and the third largest in Africa

is a network connection device that can build tables that identify addresses on each network

"IP address"
was published. IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s. IP addresses are usually written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as in IPv4, and in IPv6. The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., , which is equivalent to the historically used subnet mask . The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and by five regional Internet registries (RIRs) responsible in their designated territories for assignment to end users and local Internet registries, such as

"Host Identity Protocol"
Host Identity Protocol The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is a host identification technology for use on Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The Internet has two main name spaces, IP addresses and the Domain Name System. HIP separates the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses. It introduces a Host Identity (HI) name space, based on a public key security infrastructure. The Host Identity Protocol provides secure methods for IP multihoming and mobile computing. In networks that implement the Host Identity Protocol, all occurrences of IP addresses in applications are eliminated and replaced with cryptographic host identifiers.

track ones are the unknown effects that the mechanisms may have on applications and on the Internet in the large. Host Identity Protocol The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is a host identification technology for use on Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The Internet has two main name spaces, IP addresses and the Domain Name System. HIP separates the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses. It introduces a Host Identity (HI) name space, based on a public key security infrastructure. The Host Identity Protocol provides secure methods for IP multihoming and mobile computing. In networks that

IP address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was developed in 1995, and standardized in . In , a final definition of the protocol

and users of Unix-like systems can use ifconfig, netstat, route, lanstat, fstat, or iproute2 utilities to accomplish the task. IP address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for

"Internet Cache Protocol"
Internet Cache Protocol The Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) is a UDP-based protocol used for coordinating web caches. Its purpose is to find out the most appropriate location to retrieve a requested object from in the situation where multiple caches are in use at a single site. The goal is to use the caches as efficiently as possible, and to minimize the number of remote requests to the originating server. Hierarchically, a queried cache can either be a parent or a sibling. Parents usually sit closer to the internet connection than the child. If a child cache cannot find an object,

"Network address"
Network address A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be unique identifiers across the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses or locally administered addresses that may not be unique. Special network addresses are allocated as broadcast or multicast addresses. These too are not unique. In some cases, network hosts may have more than one network address; for example, each network interface may be uniquely identified. Further, because protocols are frequently layered, more than one protocol's network address can occur in any particular network interface

"Address pool"
Address pool In the context of the Internet addressing structure, an address pool is a set of Internet Protocol addresses available at any level in the IP address allocation hierarchy. At the top level, the IP address pool is managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The total IPv4 address pool contains (2) addresses, while the size of the IPv6 address pool is 2 () addresses. In the context of application design, an address pool may be the availability of a set of addresses (IP address, MAC address) available to an application that is shared among its users, or

the query usually will be sent to the parent cache, which will fetch, cache, and pass on the request. Siblings are caches of equal hierarchical status, whose purpose is to distribute the load amongst the siblings. When a request comes into one cache in a cluster of siblings, ICP is used to query the siblings for the object being requested. If the sibling has the object, it will usually be transferred from there, instead of being queried from the original server. This is often called a ""near miss"" — the object was not found in the cache (a “miss”) but

"NetBIOS over TCP/IP"
is defined by the RFC 1001 and RFC 1002 standard documents. NetBIOS provides three distinct services: NBT implements all of those services. In NetBIOS, each participant must register on the network using a unique name of at most 15 characters. In legacy networks, when a new application wanted to register a name, it had to broadcast a message saying ""Is anyone currently using that name?"" and wait for an answer. If no answer came back, it was safe to assume that the name was not in use. However, the wait timeout was a few seconds, making the name registration a

"Mughal emperors"
came under the influence of rival court cliques. During the reign of Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, the culture and splendour of the luxurious Mughal court reached its zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue. Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal Dara Shikoh, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. However, a younger son, Aurangzeb, allied with the Islamic orthodoxy against his brother, who championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim religion and culture, and ascended to the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and

Ousted from his ancestral domains in Turkistan by Sheybani Khan, the 14-year old Prince Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526. The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. The instability of the empire became evident under his son, Humayun, who was driven out of India and into Persia by rebels. Humayun's

exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing West Asian cultural influence in the Mughal court. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun’s triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from a fatal accident shortly afterwards. Humayun's son, Akbar, succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions, and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari river. He created a new class of nobility

In the year 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne. During the reign of Muhammad Shah, the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands. Mughal warfare had always been based upon heavy artillery for sieges, heavy cavalry for offensive operations and light cavalry for skirmishing and raids. To control a region, the Mughals had always sought to occupy a strategic fortress in some region, which would serve as a nodal point from which the Mughal army would emerge to take on any enemy that challenged the empire. This system

Tamerlane’s marriage with a Genghisid princess. The Mughals also had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances, as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses. Only the first two Mughal emperors, Babur and Humayun, were fully Central Asian (Turkic people), whereas Akbar was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput. At their Empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Mughals controlled much of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Bengal in the east to Kabul and Sindh in the west, Kashmir in the

"Mughal Empire"
dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The ""classic period"" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the

had him executed. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and had him imprisoned. During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire gained political strength once more, but his religious conservatism and intolerance undermined the stability of Mughal society. Aurangzeb expanded the empire to include almost the whole of South Asia, but at his death in 1707, many parts of the empire were in open revolt. Aurangzeb's attempts to reconquer his family's ancestral lands in Central Asia were not successful while his successful conquest of the Deccan region proved to be a Pyrrhic victory that cost

was seen as less and less likely. Furthermore, the fact that at the conclusion of the conquest of the Deccan, Aurangzeb had very selectively rewarded some of the noble families with confiscated land in the Deccan had left those aristocrats who received no confiscated land as reward and for whom the conquest of the Deccan had cost dearly, feeling strongly disgruntled and unwilling to participate in further campaigns. Aurangzeb's son, Shah Alam, repealed the religious policies of his father, and attempted to reform the administration. However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds.

its zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue. Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal Dara Shikoh, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. However, a younger son, Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707), allied with the Islamic orthodoxy against his brother, who championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim culture, and ascended to the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and had him imprisoned. During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire

"Shah Jahan"
under house arrest in Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. On 31 July 1658, Aurangzeb crowned himself emperor under the title ""Alamgir"". The Mughal Empire reached the pinnacle of its glory during Shah Jahan's reign and he is widely considered to be one of the greatest Mughal emperors. Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram was born on 5 January 1592 in Lahore, in modern-day Pakistan, and was the third son of Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession). His mother was a Rajput princess from Marwar called Princess Jagat Gosaini (her official name in Mughal chronicles

"Quantum Leap"
was initially moved from Friday nights to Wednesdays. It was later moved twice away from Wednesdays to Fridays in late 1990, and to Tuesdays in late 1992. The series finale aired in its Wednesday slot in May 1993. The most frequent time-slot for the series is indicated by ""italics"": In the United Kingdom, the show began on BBC Two on February 13, 1990 , airing Tuesday evenings at 9:00PM. The final episode was scheduled to be aired on June 14, 1994, but altered schedules after the death of British dramatist Dennis Potter earlier that month delayed the airing until June

of his time travels. In one episode, Sam's actions ultimately lead to Al's death prior to the project, and Sam finds himself suddenly aided by a new hologram, ""Edward St. John V"" (played by Roddy McDowall), and must work to prevent Al's death. In another episode, when again the project's funding is threatened, Sam helps a young woman successfully pass the bar; this results in her becoming one of the members of Congress who oversees the project and aids in the restoration of its funding. In the episode involving Lee Harvey Oswald, while Sam and Al do not prevent the

the discovery of the Watergate scandal. Two notable episodes place Sam directly at the center of significant historical events, one being the leap into Oswald. In ""Goodbye Norma Jean"", Sam appears as Marilyn Monroe's bodyguard, who saves her life and convinces Marilyn to remain alive for her starring role in ""The Misfits"". Other episodes explore the past of the main characters, such as Sam saving his brother from being killed in the Vietnam War, and saving Al's marriage to Beth. In the final episode, ""Mirror Image"", Sam leaps through spacetime as himself (without replacing another person), arriving at the exact

"Quantum Apocalypse"
Along the way to Houston, Ben and Terry encounter a broken down vehicle. While trying to help, Ben is attacked, but Terry takes out the attacker, and they continue on their way. Ben suffers a heart attack, but they manage to reach the Space Center. They gain entry because Terry knows Dr. Rhodes's verbal password. Terry manages to convince Dr. Rhodes of his calculations, which was shown to be accurate. Ben dies from his heart attack. After launching the nuclear missiles via LGM-118 Peacekeeper at the strangelet, time is reversed to the starting of the film and Ben is shown

Quantum Leap Quantum Leap is an American science-fiction television series that originally aired on NBC for five seasons, from March 1989 through May 1993. Created by Donald P. Bellisario, it starred Scott Bakula as Dr. Sam Beckett, a physicist who leaps through spacetime during an experiment in time travel, by temporarily taking the place of other people to correct historical mistakes. Dean Stockwell co-stars as Admiral Al Calavicci, Sam's womanizing, cigar-smoking companion and best friend, who appears to him as a hologram. The series features a mix of humor, drama, romance, social commentary, and science fiction. The show was ranked

right what once went wrong"" and trigger the next leap. An episode typically ends as a cliffhanger, showing the first few moments of Sam's next leap (along with him again uttering ""Oh, boy!"" on discovering his situation), which is repeated in the following episode's cold open. Though initially Sam's leaping is believed by Al and the others on the Quantum Leap team to be random, the characters come to believe in later seasons that someone or something is controlling Sam's leaping, and this is a central focus of the show's finale episode, ""Mirror Image"". When Sam leaps, his body is

"Final episode of The Colbert Report"
Final episode of The Colbert Report The untitled final episode of American late-night comedy television series ""The Colbert Report"" is the 1,447th episode of the series overall and is part of the eleventh season. The final episode of ""The Colbert Report"" originally aired in the United States on December 18, 2014 on Comedy Central. In the episode Stephen becomes immortal after accidentally killing ""Grimmy"" during the opening of the segment of ""Cheating Death with Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A."". This leads to Stephen singing ""We'll Meet Again"" in its entirety along with a large crowd of several recognizable figures, before

"An Invisible Thread"
An Invisible Thread ""An Invisible Thread"" is the twenty-fifth and final episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series ""Heroes"" and fifty-ninth episode overall. The episode aired on April 27, 2009. It marked the end of the ""Fugitives"" volume, as well as its 2008-2009 season run. It ended with a brief introduction to the next volume, entitled ""Redemption"". Beginning from where the previous episode ended, Sylar is shown to be unaffected after Emile Danko attempted to incapacitate him by stabbing Sylar in the back of the head. Sylar explains that by using his shape-shifting abilities, he

networks. The series ran on NBC for five seasons, from March 1989 through May 1993. The theme for the series was written by Mike Post. It was later rearranged for the fifth season, except for the series finale episode, which featured the original theme music. Scores for the episodes were composed by Post and Velton Ray Bunch. A soundtrack album was first released in 1993, titled ""Music from the Television Series ""Quantum Leap"""", dedicated to John Anderson, who played Pat Knight in ""The Last Gunfighter"". It was released by GNP Crescendo on CD and cassette tape. The ""Quantum Leap"" series

21, 1994.. Repeat episodes continued on the channel at various times until December 28, 1999 . It has since aired several times on satellite and cable television, rerunning late at night on television channel Cozi TV. On June 16, 2016, Scott Bakula made a brief reprise of his role as Sam Beckett on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Stephen Colbert makes reference to an episode where Sam Beckett has leapt into the body of a 1950s New York cab driver, whose comment about investing in New York real estate is heard by a young Donald Trump. Using a handset

"1920 Indian general election"
1920 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1920 to elect members to the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Councils. They were the first elections in the country's modern history. The new Central Legislative Assembly which was the lower chamber of the Imperial Legislative Council was based in Delhi had 104 elected seats, of which 66 were contested and eight were reserved for Europeans elected through the Chambers of Commerce. For the upper chamber, the Council of State, 24 of the 34 seats were contested, whilst five were reserved for Muslims, three for Whites, one

"Elections in India"
who are usually an eclectic mix of eminent artists (including actors), scientists, jurists, sportsmen and women, executives, journalists and other citizens. From 1947 to 1964, the Indian National Congress was India's dominant political party. It was led by Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 1964), K Kamaraj (1903 1975) and then Lal Bahadur Shastri (1905 1966). In the 1970s, the Congress party splintered. Indira Gandhi then led the party to election victory. In 1977, the Congress party lost to an opposition coalition that represented voters opposed to India's state of emergency which had been imposed in 1975. Indira Gandhi regained power but was

a democratic country but malpractices during the elections have been continuing since the first government was formed. The Election Commission of India is an autonomous entity prescribed in the Constitution of India. It is the federal authority responsible for administering all the electoral processes of India and ensuring they are free and fair. Elections are conducted according to constitutional provisions and parliamentary legislation. These include the Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, and the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of the

Election
their votes and the ballot boxes (Usually a pot) were tied by rope and sealed. After the election the votes were taken out and counted. The Pala King Gopala (ruled c. 750s–770s CE) in early medieval Bengal was elected by a group of feudal chieftains. Such elections were quite common in contemporary societies of the region. In the Chola Empire, around 920 CE, in Uthiramerur (in present-day Tamil Nadu), palm leaves were used for selecting the village committee members. The leaves, with candidate names written on them, were put inside a mud pot. To select the committee members, a young

using over one million electronic voting machines. In the 2014 election, the National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power. The BJP secured a majority of 282 seats and Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister of India. As per the Center for media studies, Rs. 30,000 crore were spent during the 2014 Lok sabha elections in India. India's government is based on Federalism. Elected officials are appointed at federal, state and local levels. In India, there is universal suffrage. Results of elections are determined by first-past-the-post electoral system. Elections are conducted by the Election Commission

Election Commission a multi-member body. On 1 October 1993, a further two commissioners were appointed. Decisions are made by majority vote. Candidates are required to file their nomination papers with the Electoral Commission. Then, a list of candidates is published. No party is allowed to use government resources for campaigning. No party is allowed to bribe the candidates before elections. The government cannot start a project during the election period. Campaigning ends by 6:00 pm two days before the polling day. The polling is held between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm. The Collector of each district is in charge of

"Politics of India"
the fundamental rights of citizens, issuing writs for their enforcement in cases of violation. Governments are formed through elections held every five years (unless otherwise specified), by parties that secure a majority of members in their respective lower houses (Lok Sabha in the central government and Vidhan Sabha in states). India had its first general election in 1951, which was won by the Indian National Congress, a political party that went on to dominate subsequent elections until 1977, when a non-Congress government was formed for the first time in independent India. The 1990s saw the end of single-party domination and

of the votes wins the election). Elections for one-third of the seats of the upper house of the Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, are conducted every two years. The members of the upper house are elected indirectly by the state legislative assemblies based on proportional representation. Members of the state legislative councils (in states that have an upper house) are elected indirectly through local bodies. The 2014 general election involved an electorate of 863,500,000 people. It was conducted in nine stages. The expenditure for the 2014 election was approximately 3765 crore. The cost per voter was Rs 1375. Votes were cast

"1951–52 elections in India"
1951–52 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes. General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country. : On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States

result of petitioning from the Electoral Commission and the People's Union for Civil Liberties from 2009. In November 2013, NOTA was introduced in five state elections. India does not provide general absentee voting. On 24 November 2010, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2010 was gazetted to give voting rights to non-resident Indians but a physical presence at the voting booth is still required. Elections in India Elections in the Republic of India include elections for the Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, the Legislative Assemblies, and numerous other Councils and local bodies. According to the Constitution of India, elections

"Election Commissioner of India"
Election Commissioner of India Election Commissioners of India are members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures. The Election Commissioners are usually retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers. Until 1989, the commission was a single member body, but later two additional Election Commissioners were added. Thus, the Election Commission currently consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The decisions of the commission are taken by a majority vote.Sunil Arorais the current Chief Election Commissioner and the other two are Ashok Lavasa Originally in

Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992"". Election Commissioner of India Election Commissioners of India are members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures. The Election Commissioners are usually retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers. Until 1989, the commission was a single member body, but later two additional Election Commissioners were added. Thus, the Election Commission currently consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The decisions of the commission are taken by a majority vote.Sunil Arorais the current Chief

"Chief Election Commissioner of India"
machinery of the Indian political process, it gained significant public attention during the tenure of T.N. Seshan, from 1990 to 1996. Seshan is widely credited with undertaking a zealous effort to end corruption and manipulation in Indian elections. Though he made significant progress, several politicians attempted to derail these efforts. In particular, the expansion of the Election Commission to include the two Election Commissioners (in addition to the Chief Commissioner) was seen as a move to curtail the commissioner's ability to act aggressively. In June 2012, Lal Krishna Advani, a veteran Indian politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India

1950, the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. Two additional Commissioners were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, ending on 1 January 1990. ""The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989"" made the Commission a multi-member body. The concept of a 3-member Commission has been in operation since then, with the decisions being made by a majority vote.the official website was introduced on 28 February 1998 The Chief Election Commissioner cannot be removed from his post easily on account of any political reasons. This is necessary so as

"Election Commission of India"
then, with the decisions being made by a majority vote. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances as per with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the ""Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992"". The commission is served by its secretariat located in New Delhi. The Election Commissioners are assisted by Deputy Election Commissioners, who are generally IAS officers. They are further assisted by Directors General, Principal Secretaries, and Secretaries and Under Secretaries. At the state level,

election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Originally in 1950, the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. Two additional Commissioners were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, ending on 1 January 1990. ""The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989"" made the commission a multi-member body. The concept of a 3-member Commission has been in operation since

"Sunil Arora"
1 September 2017.. On 26 November 2018, it was announced that Arora was would become the Chief Election Commissioner in December 2018, succeeding Om Prakash Rawat. Sunil Arora Sunil Arora (born 13 April 1956) is the current and 23rd Chief Election Commissioner of India. He is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Rajasthan cadre. He also served as a secretary to the Government of India in two ministries. Arora's father is a retired accounts officer of the Indian Railways, whereas his mother served in DAV College, Hoshiarpur. Of his two brothers, one is also an IAS

rejected it. Subsequently, after Gopalswami's retirement the next month, Chawla became the chief election commissioner and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. One of the most important features of the democratic policy is elections at regular intervals. Holding periodic, free and fair elections are essentials of a democratic system and a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country. In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner. The commission issued the

Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. A Chief Election Commissioner has never been impeached in India. In 2009, just before the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami sent a recommendation to President Prathibha Patil to remove Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who was soon to take office as the chief election commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, citing his partisan behavior in favor of one political party. The President opined that such a recommendation is not binding on the president, and hence

soon to take office as the Chief Election Commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, citing his partisan behavior in favor of one political party. The President opined that such a recommendation is not binding on the President, and hence rejected it. Subsequently, after Gopalswami's retirement the next month, Chawla became the Chief Election Commissioner and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances at par with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the ""Chief

"Tim Hunt"
to love and the other lot loves to hate and then they just take up sides and hurled utterly vile abuse at everyone"". Tim Hunt Sir Richard Timothy Hunt, (born 19 February 1943) is a British biochemist and molecular physiologist. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Leland H. Hartwell for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells. In particular, Hunt discovered cyclin, a protein in fertilised sea urchin eggs which cyclically aggregates and is depleted during cell division cycles. Hunt was born on 19 February 1943 in

Mitosis
formation of new cells ""in their interior"" was a general law for cell multiplication in plants, a view later rejected in favour of Mohl model, due to contributions of Robert Remak and others. In animal cells, cell division with mitosis was discovered in frog, rabbit, and cat cornea cells in 1873 and described for the first time by the Polish histologist Wacław Mayzel in 1875. Bütschli, Schneider and Fol might have also claimed the discovery of the process presently known as ""mitosis"". In 1873, the German zoologist Otto Bütschli published data from observations on nematodes. A few years later, he

"Tim Hunt"
Tim Hunt Sir Richard Timothy Hunt, (born 19 February 1943) is a British biochemist and molecular physiologist. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Leland H. Hartwell for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells. In particular, Hunt discovered cyclin, a protein in fertilised sea urchin eggs which cyclically aggregates and is depleted during cell division cycles. Hunt was born on 19 February 1943 in Neston, Cheshire, to Richard William Hunt, a lecturer in palaeography in Liverpool, and Kit Rowland, daughter of a timber merchant. After the death

"Otto Heinrich Warburg"
transformation, and the metabolic changes Warburg thought of as causative are now considered to be a result of these mutations. However, a recent reevaluation of the data from nuclear/cytoplasm transfer experiments, where nuclei from cancer cells are placed in normal cytoplasm and where nuclei from normal cells are placed in cancer cytoplasm, more strongly supports Warburg’s original theory than the somatic mutation theory for the origin of malignant transformation and cancer. Otto Warburg edited and had much of his original work published in ""The Metabolism of Tumours"" (tr. 1931) and wrote ""New Methods of Cell Physiology"" (1962). An unabashed anglophile,

Brisket
Brisket Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue. According to the ""Random House Dictionary of the English Language"", Second Edition, the term

Brisket
in dark German beer and cooked with celery, carrots, onions, bay leaves, and a small bundle of thyme. Brisket Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to

Brisket
Brisket has a long history in the United States dating back to the indigenous Indians of southern Texas. Brisket is synonymous with Texas culture and has long been a standing staple for residents there. In traditional Jewish cooking, brisket is most often braised as a pot roast, especially as a holiday main course, usually served at Rosh Hashanah, Passover, and on the Sabbath. For reasons of economics and kashrut, it was historically one of the more popular cuts of beef among Ashkenazi Jews. Brisket is also the most popular cut for corned beef, which can be further spiced and smoked

Brisket
derives from the Middle English ""brusket"" which comes from the earlier Old Norse ""brjósk"", meaning cartilage. The cut overlies the sternum, ribs, and connecting costal cartilages. Brisket can be cooked many ways, including baking, boiling and roasting. Basting of the meat is often done during the cooking process. This normally tough cut of meat, due to the collagen fibers that make up the significant connective tissue in the cut, is tenderized when the collagen gelatinizes, resulting in more tender brisket. The fat cap, which is often left attached to the brisket, helps to keep the meat from drying during the

"Beef shank"
Beef shank The beef shank is the shank (or leg) portion of a steer or heifer. In Britain the corresponding cuts of beef are the shin (the foreshank), and the leg (the hindshank). Due to the constant use of this muscle by the animal it tends to be tough, dry, and sinewy, so is best when cooked for a long time in moist heat. It is an ideal cut to use for beef bourguignon. As it is very lean, it is widely used to prepare very low-fat ground beef. Due to its lack of sales, it is not often seen

Brisket
method, which is usually 8 hours for a three-pound brisket. In the United States, the whole boneless brisket, based on the Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications (IMPS), as promulgated by the USDA, has the meat-cutting classification IMPS 120. The North American Meat Processors Association publishes a photographic version of IMPS called the ""Meat Buyer's Guide"". The brisket muscles are sometimes separated for retail cutting: the lean ""first cut"" or ""flat cut"" is the deep pectoral, while the fattier ""second cut"", ""point"", ""fat end"", or ""triangular cut"" is the superficial pectoral. For food service use, they are IMPS 120A and 120B, respectively.

"Neatsfoot oil"
Neatsfoot oil Neatsfoot oil is a yellow oil rendered and purified from the shin bones and feet (but not the hooves) of cattle. ""Neat"" in the oil's name comes from an Old English word for cattle. Neatsfoot oil is used as a conditioning, softening and preservative agent for leather. In the 18th century, it was also used medicinally as a topical application for dry scaly skin conditions. ""Prime neatsfoot oil"" or ""neatsfoot oil compound"" are terms used for a blend of pure neatsfoot oil and non-animal oils, generally mineral or other petroleum-based oils. Fat from warm-blooded animals normally has a

"Burnt ends"
Burnt ends Burnt ends are flavorful pieces of meat cut from the ""point"" half of a smoked brisket. When brisket muscles are separated, the lean ""first cut"" or ""flat cut"" is the deep pectoral, while the fattier ""point"", also known as the ""second cut"", ""fat end"", or ""triangular cut"", is the superficial pectoral. A traditional part of Kansas City barbecue, burnt ends are considered a delicacy in barbecue cooking. Either the entire brisket is cooked whole, then the point end removed and cooked further, or the point and flat are separated prior to cooking. Due to the higher fat content

Brisket
one of a number of low-cost cuts normally cooked very slowly in a lidded casserole dish with gravy. The dish, known as a pot roast in the United States, but more commonly as braised or stewed beef in the UK, is often accompanied by root vegetables. Good results may also be achieved in a slow cooker. Cooked brisket, being boneless, carves well after refrigeration, and is a versatile, cheaper cut. In Italian cuisine, brisket is used to prepare ""bollito misto"", a typical Northern Italy recipe. In Pakistan it is used in ""nihari"", a national dish. In Germany, brisket is braised

Brisket
characteristics of certain woods. The smoke from these woods and from burnt dripping juices further enhances the flavor. The finished meat is a variety of barbecue. Smoked brisket done this way is popular in Texas barbecue. Once finished, pieces of brisket can be returned to the smoker to make burnt ends. Burnt ends are most popular in Kansas City-style barbecue, where they are traditionally served open-faced on white bread. The traditional New England boiled dinner features brisket as a main-course option. Brisket is also cooked in a slow cooker, as this also tenderizes the meat due to the slow cooking

"Domain name"
Domain name A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, a server computer hosting a web site, or the web site itself or any other service communicated

of registering a domain name and maintaining authority over the new name space created, registrars use several key pieces of information connected with a domain: A domain name consists of one or more labels, each of which is formed from the set of ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, -), but not starting or ending with a hyphen. The labels are case-insensitive; for example, 'label' is equivalent to 'Label' or 'LABEL'. In the textual representation of a domain name, the labels are separated by a full stop (period). Domain names are often seen in analogy to real estate

Internet resources or run web sites. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that is completely specified with all labels in the hierarchy of the DNS, having no parts omitted. Labels in the Domain Name System are case-insensitive, and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method, but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts. Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with a text-based label

via the Internet. In 2017, 330.6 million domain names had been registered. Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, info, net, edu, and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users who wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, create other publicly accessible

in the tree holds information associated with the domain name. The tree sub-divides into ""zones"" beginning at the DNS root zone. A domain name consists of one or more parts, technically called ""labels"", that are conventionally concatenated, and delimited by dots, such as ""example.com"". The top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, net and org are the highest level of domain names of the Internet. Top-level domains form the DNS root zone of the hierarchical Domain Name System. Every domain name ends with a top-level domain label. When the Domain Name System was devised in the 1980s, the domain name space

was divided into two main groups of domains. The country code top-level domains (ccTLD) were primarily based on the two-character territory codes of ISO-3166 country abbreviations. In addition, a group of seven generic top-level domains (gTLD) was implemented which represented a set of categories of names and multi-organizations. These were the domains gov, edu, com, mil, org, net, and int. During the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to create additional generic top-level domains. As of October 2009, 21 generic top-level domains and 250 two-letter country-code top-level domains existed. In addition, the ARPA domain serves technical purposes in the

that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called ""host names"". The term ""host name"" is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further subordinate domain name space. Host names appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as web sites (e.g., en.wikipedia.org). Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a

with overseeing the name and number systems of the Internet. In addition to ICANN, each top-level domain (TLD) is maintained and serviced technically by an administrative organization operating a registry. A registry is responsible for maintaining the database of names registered within the TLD it administers. The registry receives registration information from each domain name registrar authorized to assign names in the corresponding TLD and publishes the information using a special service, the WHOIS protocol. Registries and registrars usually charge an annual fee for the service of delegating a domain name to a user and providing a default set of

"Top-level domain"
the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone. IANA currently distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains: domain (.arpa) Originally, the top-level domain space was organized into three main groups: ""Countries"", ""Categories"", and ""Multiorganizations"". An additional ""temporary"" group consisted of only the initial DNS domain, arpa, and was intended for transitional purposes toward the stabilization of the domain name system. As of 2015, IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains: Countries are designated in the Domain Name System by their two-letter ISO country code; there are exceptions, however (e.g., .uk). This

(IDN ccTLD) is a top-level domain with a specially encoded domain name that is displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in its language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name (IDN) system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions. ICANN started to accept applications for IDN ccTLDs in November 2009, and installed the first set into the Domain Names System in May 2010. The first set was a group of Arabic

"April Ludgate"
in ""Ann and Chris"". Along with Andy, Tom and some other Pawnee youths, she comes up with the idea of holding a Unity concert celebrating the merger. In the season finale, April has Leslie named a founder of the revamped city of Pawnee and motivates her to convince the National Park Service to move the Midwest Branch to Pawnee, which allows Leslie and Ben to stay. In addition, it is revealed that April and Andy are still happily married in 2017, with April working for Leslie. It's 2017 and April laments, as time has passed and she has remained in

"April Kepner"
named Matthew (Justin Bruening) asks April out for coffee and they start seeing each other. Shortly afterwards she turns to Jackson for dating advice and it is hinted that Jackson is still in love with her when he shows signs of jealousy but Jackson overcomes his jealousy and they then re-establish their friendship. She confesses to Matthew that she is not a virgin anymore as she led him to believe and he breaks up with her because she lied to him. However, in the next episode, Matthew forgives April and they get back together. He asks her to marry him

Pawnee town hall. April finally breaks up with Derek after he makes fun of Andy and gives her a hard time about spending too much time with him. Toward the end of the season Andy and April's relationship begins to grow to the point that he begins to reciprocate her feelings but their age difference continues to be a wedge between them. They admit their mutual attraction to each other in the season finale, but she tells him she does not want to get involved with him due to what she perceives as his lasting feelings for Ann. She changes

is the best thing that ever happened to him and after all the support she has given him, helping him to become a children's entertainment phenomenon, she deserves his support in her search for happiness. In a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, April and Andy ask Leslie and Ben for advice regarding the prospect of having children, which Andy very much wants but April does not. They decide to try for it and their son Jack (short for Jack-o-Lantern) is born on Halloween 2023. By 2025 the couple is expecting their second child. The role of April Ludgate

"April O'Neil"
contrasting personalities often make them bicker. By the third season, the two seemed to have quite a serious romantic relationship. In the series finale, ""Wedding Bells and Bytes"", she and Casey finally got married. The young adult April continues to learn how to defend herself against Foot ninjas and other monstrosities by undergoing basic ninja training from the Turtles. She is quite skilled in some useful firearms, and can easily go through a laser grid with no problem at all. In the seventh and final season, she dons a yellow-and-black jumpsuit based on the TMNT film and carries a tantō

making the examiners feel uncomfortable. It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams. She receives phone calls from other hospital retracting their offers of fellowships and is laid off from Seattle Grace. Although Avery has true feelings for her, she pushes him away because she believes that he feels guilty for having sex with her. As a celebration of the conclusion of their residencies, the former chief of surgery Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) organizes his annual dinner for them. The eighth season ends with Kepner, Avery, Karev and

fictional bio for herself that reads as follows: While picking Spirit dogs in season six, Donna described her as follows: April starts as a 19-year-old intern at the parks department who is somewhat rebellious and is often annoyed by her fellow parks department workers. For the first two seasons, her boyfriend was Derek, who is openly bisexual and who simultaneously dates an openly gay college student named Ben, whom April dislikes. (Aubrey Plaza herself came up with the idea of her character's boyfriend being bisexual and her boyfriend himself dating another guy.) Although still dating her openly bisexual boyfriend, Derek,

through a flash mob and she says yes. In the season 9 finale, April thinks she lost Jackson when a bus blew up and tells him she loves him, but he only has a few injuries. She remains engaged to Matthew while Jackson dates Stephanie. At the wedding, Jackson realizes he still loves April and stands up professing his love. Jackson and April are seen driving off together at the start of the following episode and later it is revealed that they have secretly eloped. At first April and Jackson do not tell their friends about their marriage, but later

for having a job away in London, she is very upset while he is away and misses him. She develops a closer relationship with Donna, and they both try to stop Tom leaving the Parks Department by being unhelpful as he searches for a property for his restaurant. However, they later feel guilty, and help him find the perfect place. When Andy returns, she actively supports him on playing music for children, deciding to become his manager. While she makes out she is excited that Ann is leaving Pawnee, the pair share a nostalgic farewell at the Pawnee Commons site

party at which Ron and Ann go around fixing all of the problems in her and Andy's house. She becomes a member of Leslie's campaign as the ""youth outreach"". April takes over a large portion of Leslie's duties in the Parks and Rec department towards the end of the season to allow Leslie to concentrate on the election. April is shown to somewhat enjoy and excel in this position. In ""Bus Tour"", April becomes legally known as April Ludgate-Dwyer. April is working as Ben's assistant at Washington D.C. as he successfully runs a congressional re-election campaign. She actively supports Andy

"James Fleet"
James Fleet James Edward Fleet (born 11 March 1952) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"" and the dim-witted but kind Hugo Horton in the BBC sitcom television series ""The Vicar of Dibley"". Fleet was born in Bilston, Staffordshire, to a Scottish mother, Christine, and an English father, Jim. He lived in Bilston until he was ten, but when his father died, he moved to Aberdeenshire with his mother. He studied engineering at university in Aberdeen, where he

John Dashwood in 1995's ""Sense and Sensibility"" and that of Lytton Strachey in the 2003 film ""Al Sur de Granada"" (""South from Granada""). In 2014 he played John Constable in the Mike Leigh film ""Mr Turner"". He played Kevin’s dad in the 2000 cult film ""Kevin and Perry Go Large"". James Fleet James Edward Fleet (born 11 March 1952) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"" and the dim-witted but kind Hugo Horton in the BBC sitcom television

"Four Weddings and a Funeral"
had joined the cast of the series. On 5 December 2018, it was announced that Richard Curtis has written ""One Red Nose Day and a Wedding"", a 25th anniversary reunion short film, to be directed by the original film's director, Mike Newell. It will reunite the film's surviving cast, including Hugh Grant, Andie MacDowell, Kristin Scott Thomas, John Hannah, Rowan Atkinson, James Fleet, David Haig, Sophie Thompson, David Bower, Robin McCaffrey, Anna Chancellor, Rupert Vansittart, Simon Kunz, Sara Crowe and Timothy Walker. The 12-minute film will be set at a wedding, though exactly whose wedding has not been revealed, as

"Tom's Divorce"
in Pawnee Hall's fourth floor, a dark and unsettling place that includes probation offices and divorce filings. A reluctant and frightened Leslie navigates past reprobates and blood stains on the floor and spots Tom (Aziz Ansari) leaving the divorce office with his wife Wendy (Jama Williamson). Unaware that their relationship was a green card marriage to prevent Wendy from being deported back to Canada, Leslie later tries to comfort Tom, who insists he is fine. Nevertheless, Leslie persists in her efforts to cheer him up, in part by ordering a singing horse telegram to cheer him up. Ron, who knows

Bilston
life in Bilston. James Fleet (born 1954) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"", and the dim-witted Hugo Horton in the BBC situation comedy television series ""The Vicar of Dibley"". David Daker, born in Bilston in 1935, is a British actor. His best-known roles are in television. He played PC Owen Culshaw in Z-Cars, Jarvis in Porridge, Captain Nathan Spiker in Dick Turpin and Harry Crawford in Boon. Don Powell, drummer in the band Slade, was born in

"Anthony Way"
Watling. To mark his retirement as a treble soloist, Decca Records released ""The Best of Anthony Way"" in 1998. He starred as Tom Long in 1999's film version of ""Tom's Midnight Garden"", alongside Greta Scacchi, James Wilby, Joan Plowright and Nigel Le Vaillant, filmed in the summer of 1997 on the Isle of Man. The film won considerable critical acclaim on its release at the Giffoni Film Festival in Italy. Anthony Way Anthony Way (born 14 December 1982) is an English chorister and classical singer who shot to fame after appearing as a chorister in a BBC TV series. He

"Greg Mullavey"
Greg Mullavey Greg Mullavey (born Gregory Mulleavy, Jr., September 10, 1939, Buffalo, New York) is an American film and television actor, best known for his role as Tom Hartman on the television series ""Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman"" and Carly’s grandfather in ""iCarly"". He has appeared on and off Broadway, and continues to act on stage, having appeared in over a hundred theatre productions across North America. Mullavey changed the spelling of his surname from Mulleavy so as to distinguish himself from his father, who had the same name. He appeared on television series including ""Storefront Lawyers"", ""Blue Light"", ""The Rockford

been referred to in some media reports as ""The Fourth Floor"" in reference to the pre-credits sequence in which Leslie visits the horrifying and grotesque fourth floor of the Pawnee Hall, a scene that was praised by television reviews. According to Nielsen Media Research, ""Tom's Divorce"" was seen by 4.83 million viewers, an increase over the previous episode, ""Hunting Trip"". The episode received generally positive reviews, particularly for the development of Tom's character, although commentators voiced less praise for the subplot involving Ann, Mark and Andy. Ron (Nick Offerman) sends Leslie (Amy Poehler) to run an errand at the DMV

"Tom Neilson"
and children after the marriage dissolved as a result of Marj's illegitimate daughter. The storyline seemed an ""economical"" write out and helped develop the seemingly two-dimensional character of Marj. It featured Tom going to the dairy and not returning, with Marj discovering he had emptied the savings. Broadcaster Paul Holmes made a guest appearance on the show, featuring Tom's disappearance on his talk show. The storyline became hugely popular, with Keeling getting constantly hassled on the street by fans. Keeling's co star, Michael Galvin who portrayed Dr. Chris Warner enjoyed the storyline and liked how they left it mysteriously open.

"David Bower"
he developed tinnitus which affected the nature of his residual hearing. His deafness progressed and years later he became profoundly deaf. David Bower David Bower (born 1969) is a Welsh actor, best known for his role as David in the hit romantic comedy ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"". Born in Wrexham, North Wales, he is deaf and took his degree in the ""Theatre of the Deaf"". After university he joined what became the ""Signdance Collective"" working as sign dancer and choreographer. The collective was re-established in 2001 with Bower as Artistic Director and Isolte Avila as Dance Director. In 2012

"Don't Take Your Guns to Town"
Don't Take Your Guns to Town ""Don't Take Your Guns to Town"" is a 1958 single by Johnny Cash. The single was his fifth release to reach the number one position on the country chart, where it stayed for six weeks. ""Don't Take Your Guns to Town"" was also a crossover hit peaking at number thirty-two on the pop chart. The song is also included in the live album """". The song was covered by U2 on their 2001 single ""Elevation"". Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all

time. The song tells the story of a young cowboy who, ignoring the titular advice from his mother, gets into a gunfight at a saloon and is killed. During an early-1990s guest appearance on the children's program ""Sesame Street"", Cash performed a version of this song with new child-friendly lyrics titled ""Don't Take Your Ones to Town"". Don't Take Your Guns to Town ""Don't Take Your Guns to Town"" is a 1958 single by Johnny Cash. The single was his fifth release to reach the number one position on the country chart, where it stayed for six weeks. ""Don't Take

"Johnny Cash"
His single ""Don't Take Your Guns to Town"" became one of his biggest hits, and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. However, Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums from them, featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, a cover of ""Oh Lonesome Me"", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts. Early in his career, Cash was given the

"Get Your Gun"
Get Your Gun ""Get Your Gun"" is a song written by Lynsey de Paul and Terry Cox. It was released as a single by Zakatek (aka Lenny Zakatek) on Bell Records on 12 October 1973. The b-side was another de Paul and Cox penned song ""Gotta Runaway"". Both sides were produced by de Paul and the strings were arranged by Christopher Gunning and de Paul. It has been described as ""Freaky, bizarre and ultimately interesting and a definite one-off"". A German language version with the title ""Roter Mann"" with German lyrics written by Gunter Gabriel was released in 1974, also

on Bell Records and sung by Zakatek. This version was released on the German compilation album, ""1000 Nadelstiche - Amerikaner Und Briten Singen Deutsch"" (""1000 pin pricks - Americans and Brits sing in German"") on Bear Family Records in 2002. Get Your Gun ""Get Your Gun"" is a song written by Lynsey de Paul and Terry Cox. It was released as a single by Zakatek (aka Lenny Zakatek) on Bell Records on 12 October 1973. The b-side was another de Paul and Cox penned song ""Gotta Runaway"". Both sides were produced by de Paul and the strings were arranged by

"You Don't Mess Around with Jim"
1974. It was listed at #6 on the 1974 ""Cash Box"" yearend album charts. Two singles were originally released from the album in 1972: the title track (#8 pop) and ""Operator (That's Not the Way It Feels)"" (#17 pop). The album was issued on CD by the Rhino Flashbacks record label on September 30, 2008. The lyrics of the title track concern the fate of a 'pool-shooting son-of-a-gun' by the name of 'Big' Jim Walker when his 'mark,' Slim, from a south Alabama Honkytonk shows up to get a refund from being hustled or get revenge. The song is notable

"Don't Shoot"
Don't Shoot ""Don't Shoot"" is a single by American rapper The Game, features Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, Diddy, Fabolous, Wale, DJ Khaled, Swizz Beatz, Yo Gotti, Curren$y, Problem, King and recording group TGT performing the chorus. The Game's daughter also joins in at the end but is uncredited. The song is a tribute to Michael Brown. The song was released in the United States on August 27, 2014. A number of other songs came out soon after the furor over the shooting of Michael Brown and perceived similar incidents, such as ""Be Free"" by J. Cole and ""Black Rage"" by

Lauryn Hill. ""Don't Shoot"" mentions other black men killed under notorious circumstances, such as Emmett Till, Ezell Ford, Trayvon Martin, and Sean Bell. Don't Shoot ""Don't Shoot"" is a single by American rapper The Game, features Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, Diddy, Fabolous, Wale, DJ Khaled, Swizz Beatz, Yo Gotti, Curren$y, Problem, King and recording group TGT performing the chorus. The Game's daughter also joins in at the end but is uncredited. The song is a tribute to Michael Brown. The song was released in the United States on August 27, 2014. A number of other songs came out soon after

"Guns Don't Kill People Rappers Do"
Guns Don't Kill People Rappers Do ""Guns Don't Kill People, Rappers Do"" (commonly referred to as ""GDKPRD"") is a song by the British Rap act Goldie Lookin Chain from their Greatest Hits album. In August 2004, the song peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart. With the tagline ""The gun is the tool, the mind is the weapon"", in this track the band again satirised the American hip hop scene. The video for the song features the band doing a mock police line-up and being chased on customised mobility scooters. The video is shot mostly in the town

"Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town"
Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town ""Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town"" is a song written by Mel Tillis about a paralyzed veteran of a ""crazy Asian war"" (given the time of its release, widely assumed—but never explicitly stated—to be the Vietnam War) who either lies helplessly in bed or sits helplessly in his wheelchair as his wife ""paints [herself] up"" to go out for the evening without him; he believes she is going in search of a lover, and as he hears the door slam behind her, he pleads for her to reconsider. The song was made

"Huntington's disease"
in about 9% of cases. Death typically occurs fifteen to twenty years from when the disease was first detected. The first likely description of the disease was in 1841 by Charles Oscar Waters. The condition was described in further detail in 1872 by the physician George Huntington, after whom it is named. The genetic basis was discovered in 1993 by an international collaborative effort led by the Hereditary Disease Foundation. Research and support organizations began forming in the late 1960s to increase public awareness, to provide support for individuals and their families, and to promote research. Current research directions include

due to a local founder effect, a historical migration of carriers into an area of geographic isolation. Some of these carriers have been traced back hundreds of years using genealogical studies. Genetic haplotypes can also give clues for the geographic variations of prevalence. Iceland, on the contrary, has a rather low prevalence of 1 per 100,000, despite the fact that Icelanders as a people are descended of the early Germanic tribes of Scandinavia which also gave rise to the Swedes; all cases with the exception of one going back nearly two centuries having derived from the offspring of a couple

ethical concerns related to prenatal genetic testing or preimplantation genetic diagnosis to ensure a child is not born with a given disease. For example, prenatal testing raises the issue of selective abortion, a choice considered unacceptable by some. As it is a dominant disease, there are difficulties in situations in which a parent does not want to know his or her own diagnosis. This would require parts of the process to be kept secret from the parent. In 1968, after experiencing HD in his wife's family, Dr. Milton Wexler was inspired to start the Hereditary Disease Foundation (HDF), with the

to occur in localized regions. Independently of Gorman and Waters, both students of Dunglison at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Johan Christian Lund also produced an early description in 1860. He specifically noted that in Setesdalen, a secluded mountain valley in Norway, there was a high prevalence of dementia associated with a pattern of jerking movement disorders that ran in families. The first thorough description of the disease was by George Huntington in 1872. Examining the combined medical history of several generations of a family exhibiting similar symptoms, he realized their conditions must be linked; he presented his detailed and

living early in the 19th century. Finland, as well, has a low incidence of only 2.2 per 100,000 people. Until the discovery of a genetic test, statistics could only include clinical diagnosis based on physical symptoms and a family history of HD, excluding those who died of other causes before diagnosis. These cases can now be included in statistics; and, as the test becomes more widely available, estimates of the prevalence and incidence of the disorder are likely to increase. Although Huntington's has been recognized as a disorder since at least the Middle Ages, the cause has been unknown until

disease. The ""Huntingtin"" gene provides the genetic information for a protein that is also called ""huntingtin"". Expansion of CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) triplet repeats in the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein results in an abnormal protein, which gradually damages cells in the brain, through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Diagnosis is by genetic testing, which can be carried out at any time, regardless of whether or not symptoms are present. This fact raises several ethical debates: the age at which an individual is considered mature enough to choose testing; whether parents have the right to have their children tested; and

Huntington's disease Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells. The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental abilities. A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow. As the disease advances, uncoordinated, jerky body movements become more apparent. Physical abilities gradually worsen until coordinated movement becomes difficult and the person is unable to talk. Mental abilities generally decline into dementia. The specific symptoms vary somewhat between people. Symptoms usually begin between 30 and 50 years of age, but can start at any age.

across New York and published several articles regarding the genealogy of HD in New England. Jelliffe's research roused the interest of his college friend, Charles Davenport, who commissioned Elizabeth Muncey to produce the first field study on the East Coast of the United States of families with HD and to construct their pedigrees. Davenport used this information to document the variable age of onset and range of symptoms of HD; he claimed that most cases of HD in the USA could be traced back to a handful of individuals. This research was further embellished in 1932 by P. R. Vessie,

fairly recently. Huntington's was given different names throughout this history as understanding of the disease changed. Originally called simply 'chorea' for the jerky dancelike movements associated with the disease, HD has also been called ""hereditary chorea"" and ""chronic progressive chorea"". The first definite mention of HD was in a letter by Charles Oscar Waters, published in the first edition of Robley Dunglison's ""Practice of Medicine"" in 1842. Waters described ""a form of chorea, vulgarly called magrums"", including accurate descriptions of the chorea, its progression, and the strong heredity of the disease. In 1846 Charles Gorman observed how higher prevalence seemed

in origin. By the end of the 19th century, research and reports on HD had been published in many countries and the disease was recognized as a worldwide condition. During the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance at the turn of the 20th century, HD was used tentatively as an example of autosomal dominant inheritance. The English biologist William Bateson used the pedigrees of affected families to establish that HD had an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The strong inheritance pattern prompted several researchers, including Smith Ely Jelliffe, to attempt to trace and connect family members of previous studies. Jelliffe collected information from

"Michigan Wolverines men's basketball"
games, removing commemorative banners, and placing itself on a two-year probation. The following year, the NCAA accepted these punishments, doubled both the probation period and the post-season ineligibility, penalized the school one scholarship for four seasons, and ordered disassociation from the four guilty players until 2012. The disasociation formally ended on May 8, 2013. The additional year of post-season ineligibility was overturned on appeal. The punishment cost the 17–13 2002–03 team its post-season eligibility, cost past teams the 1997 National Invitation Tournament and the 1998 Big Ten Tournament championships as well as 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball

"Michigan Wolverines"
later forfeited due to NCAA violations. The team has appeared in the NCAA Final Four on eight occasions (1964, 1965, 1976, 1989, 1992*, 1993*, 2013, 2018) and won the National Championship in 1989 under Steve Fisher. The program later vacated its 1992 and 1993 Final Four appearances due to NCAA violations. Other notable players who played for Michigan include Roy Tarpley, Loy Vaught, Gary Grant, Terry Mills, Glen Rice, Jalen Rose, Rumeal Robinson, Rickey Green, Phil Hubbard, Jamal Crawford, Juwan Howard, Chris Webber, Jimmy King, Ray Jackson, Cazzie Russell, Daniel Horton, Campy Russell, and Mark Hughes. During the 1990s, the

stepped down. Michigan has won 35 conference championships, made 22 NCAA Tournament appearances and won those 2 national titles. For 13 seasons from 1990 to 2002, Michigan won a lone Big Ten title in 1997 and made just one NCAA appearance in 1999. In 2015, Coach Bakich led the program to its first NCAA tournament berth since 2008 after needing to win the Big Ten Tournament to qualify. The men's basketball team plays its games at Crisler Center. The Wolverines have won 14 Big Ten regular season titles, as well as the inaugural Big Ten Tournament in 1998, which it

"Michigan Wolverines football"
other seasons: 1879, 1880, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1898, 1910, 1922, 1930, 1973, 1992. The following is a list of Michigan's 42 conference championships as of 2017. † Co-champions Since 2011, Big Ten has moved to divisions to ultimately decide who would play for the conference championship. The divisions were known as Legends and Leaders from 2011 to 2013. In 2014, the divisions were realigned geographically into East and West. Michigan competes in the Big Ten East. Michigan has shared one division title. Twenty-six Heisman Trophy candidates have played at Michigan, Three have won the award: Michigan Most Valuable Player

to a pair of Big Ten Conference championships and the 1947 national title, has his name carried by the home of Michigan men's basketball team, Bo Schembechler won 13 Big Ten titles in his 21 seasons as head coach between 1969 and 1989, the first in 1969 when he beat his friend and mentor Woody Hayes, beginning of ""The Ten Year War"" era of the Michigan – Ohio State football rivalry, Lloyd Carr won five Big Ten titles in his 13 seasons at the helm and posted a winning percentage of .753. His winning percentage of .779 in conference play

championship team had to win six games. In 10* (9) National Invitation Tournament appearances, Michigan is 25*–7 (20–7) overall all-time and 3*–1 (2–1) in the championship game. 16*–0 (14–0) at Crisler Arena and 8*–2 (6–2) at Madison Square Garden. The 1997 tournament was forfeited due to NCAA sanctions. Michigan teams have spent a total of 22 weeks ranked number 1 with the last time occurring in 2013. Entering the 2013–14 season this ranked 13th and third in the Big Ten behind Indiana (54) and Ohio State (37). Two Michigan teams (December 14, 1964 87–85 over Wichita State at Detroit and

then go 10 years without making the NCAA tournament from 1999–2008. They would eventually end the drought in 2009 under current head coach John Beilein. In 2013, the program would reach its first Final Four in 20 years before falling to Louisville in the national championship, 82–76. The program reached another Final Four in 2018, its second under Beilein. Michigan traveled to St. Thomas for the Paradise Jam Tournament over Thanksgiving weekend in 2011. They took on Prairie View A&M in their first game on Thanksgiving Day, and won 59–53. In their second game, they faced Washington State and won

for the Arizona State Sun Devils men's basketball team. Steve Fisher assumed the coaching position immediately before the 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament from Frieder after having served and led the team to six straight victories and the championship. Fisher also signed the most famous recruiting class known as the Fab Five (Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King and Ray Jackson). He would take these players to the NCAA championship game as Freshmen and Sophomores. In their sophomore 1992–93 season they compiled a 31–5 overall (15–3, Big Ten) record, which has since been vacated. Fisher also

the Elite Eight of the NCAA tournament, where it lost to Kentucky, 75–72. During the 2016–17 season, Beilein became the winningest coach in school history, passing Johnny Orr with his 210th win, 75–55 over Illinois on March 9 in the opening round of the 2017 Big Ten Tournament. Michigan went on to win the tournament, its first since the vacated 1998 title, winning four games in four days as the #8 seed and capping it off with a 71–56 championship victory over Wisconsin. It was the first time that a #8 seed had won the Big Ten Tournament During the

2018 The Fab Five, the 1991 recruiting class of five freshman starters, were Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King, and Ray Jackson. They were notable for having gone to the championship game of the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament as freshmen and sophomores, for having started the trend of wearing baggy gym shorts, which was later popularized by Michael Jordan, and for wearing black athletic socks. Due to the Ed Martin scandal, the records from their 1992 Final Four appearance and the entire following season have been forfeited. Although Webber was the only member

"Deion Sanders"
Deion Sanders Deion Lin Sanders Sr. (; born August 9, 1967), nicknamed ""Primetime"", is an American athlete and sports analyst who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons. During his football career, he was a member of the Atlanta Falcons, the San Francisco 49ers, the Dallas Cowboys, the Washington Redskins, and the Baltimore Ravens. He also had a part-time career as a baseball outfielder for nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), where he played professionally for the New York Yankees, the Atlanta Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the San Francisco Giants. Sanders won two Super Bowl

titles and made one World Series appearance in 1992, making him the only individual to appear in both a Super Bowl and a World Series. Sanders attended Florida State University, where he was recognized as a two-time All-American in football, and also played baseball and ran track. He was drafted by the Falcons in the first round of the 1989 NFL Draft and played football primarily at cornerback, but also as a kick returner, punt returner, and occasionally wide receiver. During his career, he was named to nine Pro Bowls and made consecutive Super Bowl appearances in XXIX with the

and behind Rod Woodson (with 12) for all-time in the statistical category. In January 2006, after playing two seasons as a corner and safety for Baltimore in which the Ravens did not qualify for the postseason, Sanders once again retired from the NFL and became an analyst for the NFL Network. During his 14-year NFL career, Sanders was a perennial All-Pro and one of the strongest pass defenders ever to play the game. However, he was also known for being a relatively poor tackler and not much of a factor in run support. Sanders also occasionally lined up with his

of them. On June 2, 2000, he was released in a salary cap move. Soon after being released by the Cowboys, the Washington Redskins and Daniel Snyder signed Sanders to a hefty $56 million, 7-year contract. At the end of the 2000 season and an above-average statistical year, Sanders abruptly retired after only playing one year with the Redskins. In 2004, Sanders announced that he was going to end his retirement, after being lured back to football by Ravens cornerback Corey Fuller, linebacker Ray Lewis and best friend Joe Zorovich. A major reason for doing so was to play with

play in both a Super Bowl and a World Series. Sanders and Bo Jackson were the pre-eminent multi-sport athletes of their time, but prior to the 1990 season, they had never squared off against each other in a professional game. That changed in 1990, when Jackson and Sanders met five times on the diamond — the most memorable of which came on July 17, in what was billed as ""The Bo and Prime Time Show."" After Bo Jackson's three-homer night, Sanders said, ""He's (Bo's) one of the best athletes who ever put on a uniform."" In four games of the

Ray Lewis. He signed a 1-year deal with the Baltimore Ravens to be a nickelback. Sanders chose to wear the number 37, which matched his age at the time, to preemptively let people know that he was well aware of his relative senior status as an NFL player (additionally, the number 21, used by Sanders throughout his career, was already being worn by Ravens Pro Bowl cornerback Chris McAlister). Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 7 of 2004, Sanders scored his ninth career interception return touchdown, moving him into a tie for second place with Ken Houston and Aeneas Williams,

also a standout punt returner for Florida State, leading the nation in 1988 with his punt return average, and breaking the school's record for career punt return yards. Sanders made an interception with 5 seconds left to seal Florida State's 13-7 win over Auburn in the 1989 Sugar Bowl, during the 1988 postseason. Based on those accolades, his jersey at Florida State, #2, was retired in 1995. He finished his career with 126 punt returns for 1,429 yards. Bowden would later state that Sanders was his ""measuring stick for athletic ability"". While playing baseball under head coach Mike Martin at

an episode of ""Tiny House Nation"" that first aired on January 21, 2017. In addition to his sports career, Sanders also had a career in music as a rapper. He released his debut album, ""Prime Time"", through Hammer's Bust It Records label via Capitol Records, in 1994. Sanders moved on to other ventures after his retirement. In 2003, Sanders took interest in Devin Hester, a return specialist from Miami. Sanders mentored Hester, counseling and advising him during various points of his collegiate career. The Chicago Bears drafted Hester in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Since then, Hester

1992 World Series, Sanders batted .533 with 4 runs, 8 hits, 2 doubles, and 1 RBI while playing with a broken bone in his foot. Despite Sanders' performance, the Braves ultimately lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in six games. In Game 3, he narrowly avoided being a victim of what would have been only the second triple play in World Series history (following Bill Wambsganss's unassisted triple play in 1920). With Sanders on second base and Terry Pendleton on first, David Justice hit a deep fly ball to center field that Blue Jays center fielder Devon White unexpectedly caught

"Charlie Sanders"
knee replacement surgery. Sanders underwent chemotherapy, but died on July 2, 2015 in Royal Oak, Michigan from cancer. Charlie Sanders Charles Alvin Sanders (August 25, 1946 July 2, 2015) was an American football player who played tight end for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League from 1968 to 1977. Sanders was chosen for the NFL's 1970s All-Decade Team and voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007. Sanders was born in 1946 in Richlands, North Carolina. He attended James B. Dudley High School in Greensboro, North Carolina, where he played for the football, baseball, and basketball

"Jehovah's Witnesses"
were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Hebrew patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year earthly Kingdom. Because of disappointment over the changes and , tens of thousands of defections occurred during the first half of Rutherford's tenure, leading to the formation of several

heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in ""woe"" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of ""signs"". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word ""parousia""—usually translated as ""coming"" when referring to Christ—as ""presence"". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief

no God was formed, And after me there has been none.'"" (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 2013 Edition) —which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a ""theocratic"" (literally, ""God-ruled"") organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters. From 1932,

Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.5 million adherents involved in evangelism and an annual Memorial attendance of around 20 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Warwick, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all

it was taught that the ""little flock"" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 ""anointed"" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the ""great multitude,"" would live in a paradise restored on earth; from 1935, new converts to the movement were considered part of that class. By the mid-1930s, the timing of the beginning of Christ's presence (Greek: ""parousía""), his enthronement as king, and the start of the ""last days"" were each moved to

""theocratic organization"", reflecting their belief that it is God's ""visible organization"" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since January 2018 has comprised eight members, all of whom profess to be of the ""anointed"" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Warwick headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and ""spokesman"" for God's ""faithful and discreet slave class"" (approximately 10,000 self-professed ""anointed"" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the

in properties owned by the organization worldwide referred to as ""Bethel"" where they operate as a religious community and administrative unit. Their living expenses and those of other full-time volunteers are covered by the organization along with a basic monthly stipend. Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating ""judicial committees"" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches. New elders are appointed by a traveling overseer

"History of Jehovah's Witnesses"
the conclusion of the ""times of the Gentiles"", but by 1897 began to teach that Armageddon would instead begin in 1914. The earthly part of God's kingdom would be administered from Jerusalem in a re-established nation of Israel and under the control of the resurrected ancient Jewish prophets. All of mankind would over time be resurrected to earth in reverse order of death, Adam and Eve being the last, and be given the instruction and guidance necessary to prove themselves obedient to God in order to attain eternal life. Early in the resurrection, ""ancient worthies"" including Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called ""the Gentile Times,"" at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, ""Herald of the Morning"". In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine ""Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence"", stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in ""the last days,"" and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ

"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs"
Jesus began ruling in October 1914. Witnesses believe their doctrine is confirmed by world events since 1914, including wars, famine, earthquakes and increasing lawlessness, which they see as fulfillment of the ""sign"" of Christ's presence. They believe that their preaching is also part of that sign, citing Matthew 24:14. Witnesses teach that in 1918, Jesus resurrected those of the 144,000 (the ""anointed"") who had already died to heavenly life; since 1918, any ""anointed"" are individually resurrected to heavenly life at the time of their death to serve as kings alongside Christ in his heavenly government. The current world era, or

"Phoebe Halliwell"
Phoebe Halliwell Phoebe Halliwell is a fictional character from the American television series ""Charmed"", played by Alyssa Milano from October 7, 1998 until May 21, 2006. The character was originally played by Lori Rom in the unaired pilot episode. However, Rom quit the series, and a new pilot was filmed with Milano in the role of Phoebe. The character was created by Constance M. Burge and is based on Burge herself. Phoebe is introduced into ""Charmed"" as the youngest sister to Prue (Shannen Doherty) and Piper Halliwell (Holly Marie Combs). She is one of the original featured leads and, more

"Phoebe Forrester"
Phoebe has been described as an ""ill-fated beauty"". After being played by a range of child actors, Brynne McNabb began portraying Phoebe in January 2002, and departed in August 2003. Chandler Mella took over from January to March 2004, followed by Keaton Tyndall from April to December 2004. Addison Hoover played the role from April to September 2005. Phoebe has been aged multiple times; first in January 2002, when she was aged to 6. In 2004, she was aged to pre-teen, and by 2006 was nearly 20 years old. Mauzy relocated to Los Angeles to be on ""The Bold and

Phoebe Forrester Phoebe Forrester is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". The first actress to play the character on a contract basis was Addison Hoover, who joined the show in April 2005 and left just months later. From July 11, 2006 to 2008, Phoebe was played by MacKenzie Mauzy. The character was killed off in 2008. Phoebe Forrester and her twin sister, Steffy (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), were born in September 1999 to Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo). As a result of constant SORASing, Phoebe was seventeen by 2006.

"Lori Rom"
Lori Rom Lori Rom (born Loren Rom; August 16, 1975) is an American actress. Rom was born in Red Bank, New Jersey. She attended Carnegie Mellon University's drama conservatory, where she also worked through school. She was originally selected to play the role of Phoebe Halliwell in the television series ""Charmed""; however, she left the series after filming the pilot and Alyssa Milano took over the role of Phoebe. Tabloids stated that Shannen Doherty (Prue Halliwell in Charmed) and Lori were bitter enemies, but both deny the rumours. She has also guest starred on ""Party of Five"", """", ""Jack and

Bynes) recalls watching an episode of ""Charmed"" on The WB where Milano ""was about to cast a spell on her cute demon boyfriend."" In his review of the television series ""Witches of East End"" being too similar to ""Charmed"", Christian Cintron of Hollywood.com noted that Jenna Dewan-Tatum's ""ne'er-do-well, bed-hopping character"" Freya Beauchamp is a lot like Phoebe. Phoebe Halliwell Phoebe Halliwell is a fictional character from the American television series ""Charmed"", played by Alyssa Milano from October 7, 1998 until May 21, 2006. The character was originally played by Lori Rom in the unaired pilot episode. However, Rom quit the

the false identity of Julie Bennett (Monica Allgeier) and begins a relationship with an artist named Dex Lawson (Jason Lewis). While under the influence of a spell cast by the prodigy of the Charmed Ones, Billie Jenkins (Kaley Cuoco), Phoebe marries Dex under the alias of Julie. Unsure if she could ever have a lasting marriage with someone she is not completely honest with, Phoebe reveals the truth of her hidden identity to Dex. The pair eventually break up and agree to get an annulment. Phoebe later meets a cupid named Coop (Victor Webster), who was sent by The Elders

"Phoebe Cates"
was just the same thing, over and over. After a while, I did it solely for the money."" After ending her modeling career, Cates decided to begin acting. Although her father was an actor as well, he was not enthusiastic about his daughter's new acting career. Cates's acting debut was in ""Paradise"" (filmed March to May 1981). In the movie she performed several nude scenes while still a minor (age 17). The movie had a plot similar to ""The Blue Lagoon"". She also sang the film's main theme song and recorded an album of the same name. In a 1982

"Paige Matthews"
Paige Matthews Paige Matthews is a fictional character from the American television series ""Charmed"", played by Rose McGowan from October 4, 2001 until May 21, 2006. The character was created by executive producer Brad Kern as a replacement for lead character Prue Halliwell, following the departure of actress Shannen Doherty. Paige is introduced into season four as the fiercely independent younger half-sister of the show's remaining female leads, Piper (Holly Marie Combs) and Phoebe Halliwell (Alyssa Milano). Like her sisters, Paige is a witch, and more specifically, a Charmed One—one of the most powerful witches of all time. Paige is

"Shauna Sand"
Shauna Sand Shauna Sand (born September 2, 1971) is an American actress and ""Playboy"" magazine's Playmate of the Month for May 1996. Starting at age five, Sand studied ballet, jazz, and theatre. She began modeling at the age of nine. She took time off from modeling and went to Paris and earned a bachelor of arts degree in international business administration from the American University of Paris. Sand became ""Playboy"" Playmate of the Month for May 1996. Sand began her acting career with a guest appearance on the TV show ""Renegade"". She appeared in TV shows such as ""Charmed"", and

"Portland Mason"
Portland Mason Portland Mason (; 26 November 1948 – 19 May 2004) was an Anglo-American former child-actress. Mason was born November 26, 1948 and was the eldest child of actors James Mason and Pamela Mason. She enjoyed a luxurious upbringing in her parents' Hollywood mansion, being allowed to wear makeup, stiletto heels and owning her own Mink coat and diamonds by the age of nine. Her highly publicized life began with her father becoming violent towards a photographer at the little girl's christening. When she attended high-school, Mason was dropped off every morning by a Rolls-Royce and picked up every

"The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)"
The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ""The Mother"") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom ""How I Met Your Mother"". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from ""Lucky Penny"" to ""The Time Travelers"", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in ""Something New"" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device

at the unseen character of The Mother. Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted to cast a lesser known actress in the role to avoid audiences associating the Mother with the actresses' previous roles, similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had ""kept the show alive"" when it began. Bays and Thomas also did not want a large casting call. They chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on ""30 Rock"" and ""Once""; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of

season 8 having never watched ""How I Met Your Mother"" before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer. The Mother was born on September 19, 1984. The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her — a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love. In

she tells him she's not yet ready to date. Louis asks her to give him a call if she changes her mind, and they begin dating not long after. They live together for the next two years, but she knows deep down that she doesn't love him. The Mother meets all of Ted's best friends - Barney, Robin, Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), and Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) - before she meets him. The Mother is responsible for convincing Barney to pursue Robin, as revealed through a flashback in ""Platonish"". In ""The Locket"", Tracy meets Lily on a train journey. In

9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene. In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ""The Mother"") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom ""How I Met Your Mother"". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from ""Lucky Penny"" to ""The Time Travelers"", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in ""Something New"" and was

"How I Met Your Mother"
Barney and Quinn break up due to their inability to trust each other, and Robin breaks up with Nick realizing his immaturity. Robin and Barney kiss but decide not to get together, despite Barney's wishes. Barney then begins dating Robin's hated co-worker Patrice (Ellen D. Williams), a relationship later exposed as a ruse to make Robin realize her true feelings for him. In a culminating scene Barney proposes to Robin, who says yes. Marshall and Lily attempt to get used to being parents, which causes a brief estrangement from the gang as Baby Marvin takes up the majority of their

an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing-playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ""will they or won't they"" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. The show's frame story depicts Ted (voice of Bob Saget, uncredited) verbally retelling the story to his son

to the disgust of his self-appointed best friend Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), whom he met in the restroom at a bar four years earlier. Barney is a serial womanizer who concocts elaborate con games, usually involving costumes and fake identities, designed to bed women, only to lose interest in them immediately afterward. Ted begins his search for his perfect soul mate and meets an ambitious young reporter from Canada, Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders), with whom he quickly falls in love. Robin, however, does not want to rush into a relationship and the two decide to be friends. Future Ted

battle to save the Arcadian. At the end of the season, Lily reveals that she is pregnant. Barney finally admits to the gang that Bob Barker is not his real father, especially when his mother decides to sell the house he grew up in and his brother, James, meets his own father. Loretta offers the identity of Barney's father on a sheet of paper, but Barney tears this up after realizing her efforts as a single mother. At the funeral of Marshall's father, Barney tells Loretta that he wants to see his father at last. The man, Jerry Whittaker (John

Hewitt. They then cast Cobie Smulders for the role who, at the time, was fairly unknown. Bays and Thomas later said, ""Thank God we did for a million reasons... when Ted's seeing her for the first time, America's seeing her for the first time—the intriguingness of that propelled the show going forward and kept the show alive"". Although Ted is initially smitten by Robin in the pilot, it is quickly established at the end of the episode that she is not the mother, which Thomas said was done so they would not copy or rehash the ""will they or won't

"Crepuscular animal"
Crepuscular animal Crepuscular animals are those that are active primarily during twilight (that is, the periods of dawn and dusk). This is distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, where an animal is active during the hours of daylight or the hours of darkness, respectively. The term is not precise, however, as some crepuscular animals may also be active on a moonlit night or during an overcast day. The term matutinal is used for animals that are active only before sunrise, and vespertine for those active only after sunset. The time of day an animal is active depends on a number

Nocturnality
Nocturnality Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is ""nocturnal"", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Such traits can help animals such as the ""Helicoverpa zea"" moths avoid predators. Some animals, such as cats and ferrets, have eyes that can adapt to both low-level and bright day levels of illumination (see metaturnal). Others, such as bushbabies and (some) bats, can function only at night. Many nocturnal creatures including tarsiers and some owls have large

activity level at will, becoming nocturnal or diurnal in response to their environment or the routine of their owners. Cats normally demonstrate crepuscular behavior, bordering nocturnal, being most active in hunting and exploration at dusk and dawn. Nocturnality Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is ""nocturnal"", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Such traits can help animals such as the ""Helicoverpa zea"" moths avoid predators. Some animals, such as cats and ferrets, have

eyes in comparison with their body size to compensate for the lower light levels at night. More specifically, they have been found to have a larger cornea relative to their eye size than diurnal creatures to increase their : in the low-light conditions. Nocturnality helps wasps, such as ""Apoica flavissima"", avoid hunting in intense sunlight. Diurnal animals, including squirrels and songbirds, are active during the daytime. Crepuscular species, such as rabbits, skunks, tigers, and hyenas, are often erroneously referred to as nocturnal. Cathemeral species, such as fossas and lions, are active both in the day and at night. While most

birds include the common nighthawk, barn owl, owlet-nightjar, chimney swift, American woodcock, spotted crake, and white-breasted waterhen. Many moths, beetles, flies, and other insects are crepuscular and vespertine. Crepuscular animal Crepuscular animals are those that are active primarily during twilight (that is, the periods of dawn and dusk). This is distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, where an animal is active during the hours of daylight or the hours of darkness, respectively. The term is not precise, however, as some crepuscular animals may also be active on a moonlit night or during an overcast day. The term matutinal is used

"Vigilance (behavioural ecology)"
and meerkats (""Suricata suricatta""). Foraging in groups dilutes an individual's risk of predation, and allows them to reduce their own vigilance while the vigilance of the group is maintained. Alarm signals may be used to alert the group to the presence of predators. Groups of some species have at least one individual on sentry duty who looks out for predators on a perch while the rest of the group forages. Vigilance and feeding (both searching for and handling food) are generally mutually exclusive activities, leading to foragers facing a trade-off between energy intake and safety from predation. As time allocated

Vigilance (behavioural ecology) Vigilance, in the field of behavioural ecology, refers to an animal's examination of its surroundings in order to heighten awareness of predator presence. Vigilance is an important behaviour during foraging as animals must often venture away from the safety of shelter to find food. However being vigilant comes at the expense of time spent feeding so there is a trade-off between the two. The length of time animals devote to vigilance is dependent on many factors including predation risk and hunger. Vigilance is often observed in animals that forage in groups, such as yellow-eyed juncos (""Junco phaeonutus"")

quiet calls that function as a ‘watchman’s song’ to reassure the rest of the group that an individual is on guard. In response to a vocalising sentry, pied babblers (""Turdoides bicolor"") decrease their own vigilance, spread out further from the group and forage in more exposed patches resulting in a higher intake of biomass. Guarding may appear to be an altruistic behaviour as an individual on sentry duty is unable to feed, may be more exposed to predators, and may attract the predators attention when they make an alarm call. However meerkats on sentry duty are at no greater risk

attack. Vigilance (behavioural ecology) Vigilance, in the field of behavioural ecology, refers to an animal's examination of its surroundings in order to heighten awareness of predator presence. Vigilance is an important behaviour during foraging as animals must often venture away from the safety of shelter to find food. However being vigilant comes at the expense of time spent feeding so there is a trade-off between the two. The length of time animals devote to vigilance is dependent on many factors including predation risk and hunger. Vigilance is often observed in animals that forage in groups, such as yellow-eyed juncos (""Junco

Diurnality
Diurnality Diurnality is a form of plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The common adjective used for daytime activity is ""diurnal."" The timing of activity by an animal depends on a variety of environmental factors such as the temperature, the ability to gather food by sight, the risk of predation, and the time of year. Diurnality is a cycle of activity within a 24-hour period; cyclic activities called circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles not dependent on external cues or environmental factors. Animals active during twilight are crepuscular,

"Gotham by Gaslight"
the skill of a surgeon and used a knife that belonged to the medical group who worked with his father. Bruce escapes from prison with the help of Alfred and heads straight for the Ripper. Batman interrupts the Ripper as he is about to claim his next victim. Batman chases the Ripper throughout Gotham and the two eventually come to a stop at the grave of Thomas and Martha Wayne, where it is revealed that Jacob Packer is the Ripper. Packer had been trained in medicine and law with the money of Thomas Wayne, but he was driven insane by

Martha Wayne's rejection of his advances. Since then he had been killing women who resembled Martha to silence the laughter of Martha he heard in his head. Packer reveals that he hired an assassin to kill Bruce's parents. Gordon appears at this time with the police and Batman tells them to arrest Packer. Packer confesses that he is the Ripper and tries to kill Batman, but Gordon shoots Packer dead at the last minute. Batman disappears into the shadows, leaving Gordon to take in the body of Jack the Ripper. In 1892, three years later, Bruce has ""retired"" his alter-ego

Gotham by Gaslight Gotham by Gaslight is a DC Comics one-shot by Brian Augustyn and Mike Mignola, with inks by P. Craig Russell. The story revolves around a 19th century version of Bruce Wayne making his debut as Batman just as Jack the Ripper has arrived in Gotham City. Although it was not initially labeled as such, ""Gotham by Gaslight"" is considered to be the first Elseworlds story in which DC Comics characters from alternate timelines or realities are featured in stories outside of the DC Universe canon. While not originally labelled as such, subsequent printings of ""Gotham by Gaslight""

"Batman: Gotham by Gaslight"
with the orphans, who deliver him his suit and a steampunk motorcycle. Selina meets with Gordon at the Gotham City World's Fair and learns to her horror that he is the Ripper. While seeking Selina at Gordon's home, Batman learns this as well when he finds a secret room revealing Gordon's gruesome hobbies and past as an army surgeon during the American Civil War. Batman also meets Gordon's wife, Barbara-Eileen Gordon, with scars on the left side of her face that have driven her insane, praising her husband for “curing” her sins as a woman. Gordon injects Selina with a

seeing Batman is Bruce, she takes him to her home, where they spend the night. After the death of Marlene is discovered, Bruce is arrested, and Dent accuses him of being the Ripper. Sentenced to Blackgate Penitentiary following the trial, Bruce is met by Selina, who urges him to reveal he is Batman to clear his name and help save the girls from Jack. When he refuses, she decides to tell Gordon herself, revealing she has one of his batarangs. Bribing a guard to deliver a coded message to his manor, Bruce escapes after staging a prison fight and meets

meets Selina and the two bond at the Dionysus Club. Bruce realizes that not only were the two of them taken in by Sister Leslie, but that some of the murdered girls were orphans formerly under Leslie's care. Bruce realizes that the Ripper will target Leslie and rushes to save her, but is too late; the Ripper has already murdered her. At the crime scene, Bruce finds a bloody Dionysus Club pin, meaning the Ripper has to be one of Gotham's wealthy. At Sister Leslie's funeral, Bruce is met by Hugo Strange, claiming he knows the killer and wants to

Gordon informs Wayne about criminal gangs currently operating in Gotham. Gordon also shows Bruce the case of a man who poisoned his wife and tried to commit suicide with the poison, which left him alive with a permanent grin. Bruce takes up the mantle of Batman to fight criminals on the street. At the same time, a series of murders of women take place and some people begin to suspect that Batman is the murderer. It is soon discovered that Jack the Ripper has come to Gotham, as the murders in Gotham City seem to resemble the Ripper murders. After

a search of Wayne Manor, a bloody knife is found under Bruce's bed and Bruce is arrested. A trial is held in which Uncle Jake is Bruce's defense attorney. After the trial, Bruce is convicted of being the Ripper and sentenced to be hanged for his crimes. Bruce is imprisoned in Arkham Asylum. Once Bruce is in prison, Gordon gives him all the documentation on the crimes. Bruce toils day and night to try to figure out how he can get the Ripper. Just one day before the execution, Bruce learns the identity of the Ripper by discovering he had

continuing search. Their search would take them to worlds populated by characters from other Elseworlds stories, including those seen in the Batman & Dracula trilogy (Earth-43) and """" (Earth-30). Other Elseworlds that involve Jack the Ripper: Gotham by Gaslight Gotham by Gaslight is a DC Comics one-shot by Brian Augustyn and Mike Mignola, with inks by P. Craig Russell. The story revolves around a 19th century version of Bruce Wayne making his debut as Batman just as Jack the Ripper has arrived in Gotham City. Although it was not initially labeled as such, ""Gotham by Gaslight"" is considered to be

to surrender and abandon ship, but LeRoi refuses to believe him. Batman jumps overboard, but LeRoi is trapped as the airship crashes into the ocean and explodes. More than a hundred people are killed by LeRoi's fires, but further fatalities and destruction are prevented by the Gotham Police and firefighters. Batman confronts Councilman Franklin Claypool, who confesses to being LeRoi's accomplice and providing him with information for his attack. Claypool secretly owns a large portion of Gotham City's slum housing, which he expected to sell profitably through his proposed redevelopment program, but the program was pushed aside by Tolliver in

"Vascular cambium"
more detail, the vascular cambium is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stems and roots of certain vascular plants. It is a cylinder of unspecialized meristem cells that divide to form secondary vascular tissues. It is the source of both secondary xylem growth inwards towards the pith, and secondary phloem growth outwards to the bark. Unlike the xylem and phloem, it does not transport water, minerals or food through the plant. Vascular cambia are found in dicots and gymnosperms but not monocots, which usually lack secondary growth. A few leaf types also have a

"Vascular tissue"
Vascular tissue Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There are also two meristems associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant. The cells in vascular tissue are typically long and slender. Since the xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant, it

cambia thus join up to form a ring (in three dimensions, a tube) which separates the primary xylem and primary phloem, the ""cambium ring"". The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem on the inside of the ring, and secondary phloem on the outside, pushing the primary xylem and phloem apart. The vascular cambium usually consists of two types of cells: The vascular cambium is maintained by a network of interacting signal feedback loops. Currently, both hormones and short peptides have been identified as information carriers in these systems. While similar regulation occurs in other meristems of plants, the cambial meristem receives

Phloem
the vascular cambium. Phloem is produced in phases. ""Primary"" phloem is laid down by the apical meristem and develops from the procambium. ""Secondary"" phloem is laid down by the vascular cambium to the inside of the established layer(s) of phloem. In some eudicot families (Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Thymelaeaceae), phloem also develops on the inner side of the vascular cambium; in this case, a distinction between external phloem and internal phloem or intraxylary phloem is made. Internal phloem is mostly primary, and begins differentiation later than the external phloem and protoxylem, though it is not without exceptions. In

Xylem
connected together into long tubes that are called ""vessels"". Xylem also contains two other cell types: parenchyma and fibers. Xylem can be found: In transitional stages of plants with secondary growth, the first two categories are not mutually exclusive, although usually a vascular bundle will contain ""primary xylem"" only. The branching pattern exhibited by xylem follows Murray's law. Primary xylem is formed during primary growth from procambium. It includes protoxylem and metaxylem. Metaxylem develops after the protoxylem but before secondary xylem. Metaxylem has wider vessels and tracheids than protoxylem. Secondary xylem is formed during secondary growth from vascular cambium. Although

Xylem
secondary xylem is also found in members of the gymnosperm groups Gnetophyta and Ginkgophyta and to a lesser extent in members of the Cycadophyta, the two main groups in which secondary xylem can be found are: The xylem, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plants. It transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. It is also used to replace water lost during transpiration and photosynthesis. Xylem sap consists mainly of water and inorganic ions, although it

vascular cambium. In dicot and gymnosperm trees, the vascular cambium is the obvious line separating the bark and wood; they also have a cork cambium. For successful grafting, the vascular cambia of the rootstock and scion must be aligned so they can grow together. The cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is called the ""intrafascicular"" cambium (within vascular bundles). During secondary growth, cells of medullary rays, in a line (as seen in section; in three dimensions, it is a sheet) between neighbouring vascular bundles, become meristematic and form new ""interfascicular"" cambium (between vascular bundles). The intrafascicular and interfascicular

Xylem
Xylem Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the other. The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word ""xylem"" is derived from the Greek word (""xylon""), meaning ""wood""; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout the plant. The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. The most distinctive xylem cells are the long tracheary elements that transport water. Tracheids and vessel elements are distinguished by their shape; vessel elements are shorter, and are

Cyanobacteria
while others are parasitic, causing diseases in invertebrates or algae (e.g., the black band disease). Primary chloroplasts are cell organelles found in some eukaryotic lineages, where they are specialized in performing the photosynthesis. They are known to have evolved from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis, i.e. after the engulfment of a cell by another. In this case, a photosynthesizing cyanobacteria that was engulfed in some ancient eukaryotic cell. After some years of debate, it is now generally accepted that the three major groups of primary endosymbiotic eukaryotes (i.e. green plants, red algae and glaucophytes) form one large monophyletic group called Archaeplastida, which

"Vascular bundle"
sheath and the leaf surface. The Calvin cycle is confined to the chloroplasts of these bundle sheath cells in C plants. Vascular bundle A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues. The xylem typically lies adaxial with phloem positioned abaxial. In a stem or root this means that the xylem is closer to the centre of the stem or root while the

"Johnny Manziel"
Thursday, August 30, 2012, but the game was postponed until October 13 due to Hurricane Isaac hitting the Louisiana coast two days prior to game time. Consequently, Manziel's college football debut was played as a redshirt freshman against the Florida Gators before a home crowd at Kyle Field. Although Manziel began the season in relative obscurity, his play against Arkansas in which he broke Archie Manning's 43-year-old total offense record gained him some attention. Manziel produced 557 yards of total offense, breaking Manning's record of 540. Two games later, Manziel surpassed his own total offense record against No. 24 Louisiana

Johnny Manziel Johnathan Paul Manziel ( ; born December 6, 1992) is an American professional Canadian football quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He previously played two seasons with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) and was also a member of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the CFL. Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA

Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award. Manziel capitalized on his redshirt freshman season by leading Texas A&M to a 41–13 victory over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl. Manziel was drafted by the Browns as the 22nd overall pick of the 2014 NFL Draft. Despite some success, he struggled with

2014, Drake released a track entitled ""Draft Day"", which includes a shoutout to Manziel. On March 10, 2017, Manziel became engaged to Bre Tiesi; the two were married in a private ceremony in March 2018. In a February 2018 interview, Manziel recounted his personal problems, and has stated that he had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Johnny Manziel Johnathan Paul Manziel ( ; born December 6, 1992) is an American professional Canadian football quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He previously played two seasons with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) and

Mike Sherman in 2011 and played for new coach Kevin Sumlin from 2012 to 2013. Manziel was redshirted during the 2011 season and did not play in any games. He made the travel squad after enrolling with the college in January. Texas A&M faced uncertainty at the quarterback position when Ryan Tannehill left for the National Football League after the 2011 season. Manziel performed well during spring ball and fall practices and won the starting job over Jameill Showers and Matt Joeckel before the season began. His first game was supposed to be against Louisiana Tech in Shreveport, Louisiana on

in football, sportswriters, coaches, and parents said he ""achieved folk hero status"" and was compared to quarterbacks like Brett Favre, Michael Vick, and Drew Brees. At Tivy High School, Manziel played football for four years, beginning with the freshman team in his first year. By the end of his first season, he played with the varsity team as a receiver. He began his sophomore year primarily as a receiver, but started the fourth game at quarterback. He shared that position for the remainder of the season, finishing with 1,164 yards passing, 806 rushing and 408 receiving for a combined 28

was drafted in the 28th round (837th overall pick) by the San Diego Padres as a shortstop. In January 2014, Manziel announced that he would forgo his junior season and enter the 2014 NFL Draft. He was projected to be a first-round pick, and as of January 15, 2014, his draft stock was reported to be rising by a consensus of experts who had him pegged as a top-5 pick. Manziel elected to throw during Texas A&M's Pro Day on March 27, 2014, instead of during the NFL Combine. During his pro day, Manziel completed 64 of 66 passes to

the rumor was not true. Though Manziel originally committed to play for Oregon, he later changed his commitment to the Aggies, thanks to the influence of then-quarterbacks coach Tom Rossley. Manziel was named to the NUC All World Game (started by David Schuman and National Underclassmen Combine) in 2010 where he rushed for over 100 yards and threw for over 200. It was the first time Manziel dominated on a national stage. He played in the game as a teammate with Oregon QB Marcus Mariota. Manziel received an athletic scholarship to attend Texas A&M University, where he attended under coach

consistency and his tenure was overshadowed by off-field controversies. He was released by the Browns after the end of the 2015 season. Following further controversies during the 2016 offseason, Manziel was unable to be signed by another team before the start of the season and spent two years away from football before returning with the Tiger-Cats in 2018. He was later traded to the Alouettes during the season. TexAgs users tagged Manziel with the nickname ""Johnny Football"" during Manziel's sophomore high school football season in Texas. The nickname followed him to Texas A&M University. Manziel applied for and was granted

"Don Majkowski"
Don Majkowski Donald ""Majik Man"" Vincent Majkowski (born February 25, 1964) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers, Indianapolis Colts, and Detroit Lions. Following graduation from the Fork Union Military Academy in central Virginia, Majkowski played college football at the University of Virginia in nearby Charlottesville. He became the starting quarterback for the Cavaliers partway into the 1983 season, his first year there. The next year, Majkowski led the Cavaliers to the school's first ever bowl appearance and bowl win, in the Peach Bowl. During his college career, Majkowski wore jersey

"Mary, Did You Know?"
Mary, Did You Know? ""Mary, Did You Know?"" is a Christmas song with lyrics written by Mark Lowry and music written by Buddy Greene. It was originally recorded by Christian recording artist Michael English on his self-titled debut solo album in 1991 (English and Lowry were both members of the Gaither Vocal Band at the time). It reached No. 6 on CCM Magazine's AC Chart. Lowry would record the song several times himself, most notably with the Gaither Vocal Band on their 1998 Christmas album ""Still the Greatest Story Ever Told"". The song has since gone on to become a

criticize it for what they perceive as a lack of scriptural or theological depth. For example, Lutheran writer Holly Scheer, in addressing the rhetorical-question title of the song writes that those familiar with ""the biblical account of Christ’s conception and birth shouldn’t need to ask if Mary knew, because the Bible plainly tells us she did."" Mary, Did You Know? ""Mary, Did You Know?"" is a Christmas song with lyrics written by Mark Lowry and music written by Buddy Greene. It was originally recorded by Christian recording artist Michael English on his self-titled debut solo album in 1991 (English and

modern Christmas classic, being recorded by many artists over the years across multiple genres. ""Mary, Did You Know?"" is originally in the key of E minor, with a tempo of 53 beats per minute based around a chord progression of Em–D–Am–B7sus4–B7 and is in the meter. A duet version recorded by Wynonna Judd and Kenny Rogers on Rogers' holiday album ""The Gift"" peaked at No. 55 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1997. Chart positions ""Mary, Did You Know?"" is Clay Aiken's fifth single for his Christmas album ""Merry Christmas with Love"". Aiken performed the song

"A Mary Christmas"
A Mary Christmas A Mary Christmas is the eleventh studio album and first Christmas album by American R&B recording artist Mary J. Blige. Produced by David Foster, it was released on October 15, 2013 via Matriarch, Interscope and Foster's Verve Records, compromising soulful interpretations of classic holiday tunes such as ""Little Drummer Boy"", ""Do You Hear What I Hear?"" and ""Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"". Upon its release, the album received generally mixed reviews amongst critics. Commercially, it opened at number 23 on the US ""Billboard"" 200 and at number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums with 12,000 copies.

for the week ending December 6, 2014. Chart positions In 2015, Jordan Smith performed the song on ""The Voice""'s season nine finals. This version debuted and peaked at No. 24 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Holiday 100 chart on the week ending January 2, 2016. The song was also used as the basis for a stage musical, also titled ""Mary, Did You Know"" and written by Bruce Greer, that won the 1999 Dove Award for Musical of the Year. ""Mary, Did You Know?"" remains a popular piece of Christmas music, although some

"Mary's Prayer"
Mary's Prayer ""Mary's Prayer"" is a sophisti-pop song by the Scottish pop/rock group Danny Wilson. Included on the group's 1987 debut album ""Meet Danny Wilson"", ""Mary's Prayer"" would eventually become a Top Ten hit in the British Isles and also a Top 40 hit in the US. The song's composer, Gary Clark, said of ""Mary's Prayer"": ""I certainly don't think [it's] the best song on the album but it is probably the most accessible and therefore the best choice for a first single"". Clark had written ""Mary's Prayer"" while Danny Wilson was the house band at Dundee nightclub the Swamp

"Mary, Mary (song)"
Mary, Mary (song) ""Mary, Mary"" is a song written by Michael Nesmith. It was first recorded by The Butterfield Blues Band for their 1966 album, ""East-West"". The Monkees, featuring Nesmith, would later record the song themselves. The rap group, Run–D.M.C., revived the song in the late 1980s with a cover version that hit the R&B and pop charts in the United States. The Paul Butterfield Blues Band was the first group to record and release the song commercially, featured as a track on their 1966 album ""East-West"". In addition to Butterfield, musicians to play on the track include Mike Bloomfield

"Mary's Boy Child"
chart Svensktoppen for 10 weeks in 1979, where it peaked at No. 1. """"Ang Batang Hesus"""" by mayor_junneil (Filipino). The Sinhala translation is """"Kalakata Pera e Bethleheme"""" Sinhala: """"කලකට පෙර ඒ බෙත්ලෙහෙමේ"""". The words and music featured on a miniature sheet issued with the 1983 Christmas stamps of the Caribbean island of St Kitts, while the adjacent island of Nevis issued a complementary sheet featuring the ""Calypso Carol"". Mary's Boy Child ""Mary's Boy Child"" is a 1956 Christmas song, written by Jester Hairston. It is widely performed as a Christmas carol. The song had its genesis when Hairston was sharing

It marked Blige's 15th top ten title on the latter chart, tying her with Snoop Dogg for second-most top ten entries in the Nielsen SoundScan era. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on December 4, 2013, which indicates sales of over 500,000 copies. It was confirmed in June 2013 that Blige had been working on a Christmas album, in an interview with Charleston Scene. In that interview, Blige revealed featured artists to be on the record would be Jessie J, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony and Barbra Streisand, with whom she duets a ""jazzy version"" of ""When You Wish

"Mary (I'm in Love with You)"
Mary (I'm in Love with You) ""Mary (I'm in Love with You)"" is an American popular song of 1931, written by J. Fred Coots and Ozzie Nelson. Nelson and his orchestra recorded the song on November 25, 1931 (Brunswick E37427). The recording starts off straight and ""sweet"" but progresses into an early swing style. He sang: ""Mary, what are we waiting for?""<br> ""Each day I want you more and more""<br> ""You'll always be the one girl for me""<br> ""For Mary I'm in love with you""<br> Other recordings include The High Hatters with a vocal refrain by Frank Luther, recorded on

"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter"
I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter"" is a 1935 popular song with music by Fred E. Ahlert and lyrics by Joe Young. It has been recorded many times, and has become a standard of the Great American Songbook. It was popularized by Fats Waller, who recorded it in 1935 at the height of his fame. It is one of several songs from the Harlem Renaissance featured in the Broadway musical ""Ain't Misbehavin'"". American Public Media's business-news program, Marketplace, uses a portion of Fats Waller's version to

"Billy Williams (singer)"
Billy Williams (singer) Wilfred Williams (December 28, 1910 – October 17, 1972) was an African-American singer. He had a successful cover recording of Fats Waller's ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down And Write Myself A Letter"" in 1957. The record sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. His trademark hook for his songs was to shout ""Oh, Yeah"" at the end of lyrics. A Methodist minister's son, Williams was born in Waco, Texas. His early youth was spent in Texas, before the family moved to Ohio. Growing up, he sang in choirs at churches where his father

Gregory Isaacs, Barry Manilow, Dean Martin, Anne Murray, Willie Nelson, Linda Scott, Shakin' Stevens, Al Bowlly and Sarah Vaughan. Charlie Gracie (mostly known for his 1957 #1 hit ""Butterfly"" on Cameo Record label #105—45rpm) recorded ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter"" (Cadillac Record label #141—45 rpm). The flip side of the record was a song written by Gracie, ""Boogie Woogie Blues"". Gracie's version was released in 1953. Bill Haley & His Comets recorded a rock and roll version of the song in 1957. Fabian recorded his version of the song in 1960 on Chancellor Records. In

1973 Cleo Laine included the song as her opening song on the album ""I Am a Song"" and sang on stage during her subsequent tour. New Jersey entertainer Uncle Floyd (aka Floyd Vivino) has covered this song in his live performances as well as recording it. Madeleine Peyroux also covered this song on her debut album ""Dreamland"" (1996). Tony Danza released a version in 2002. In 2012 Paul McCartney covered it on his album of standards, ""Kisses on the Bottom"" and chose one of its lines as the title. I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter ""I'm

open its weekly letters-from-listeners segment. The song had a major revival in 1957 in a Coral recording (on April 3) by Billy Williams with orchestra directed by Dick Jacobs. It reached #3 on the ""Billboard"" magazine charts. A reported million-seller, it was awarded a Gold record. The song was recorded by Frank Sinatra for his 1954 album ""Swing Easy"", by Bing Crosby for his 1957 LP ""Bing with a Beat"" and again by Sinatra in 1962 for his collaborative album with Count Basie, """". Among other versions are recordings by The Boswell Sisters, Connee Boswell, Nat ""King"" Cole, Scatman Crothers,

"Big Joe Turner"
recording of a club appearance made during this tour is not thought of sufficient sound quality to justify commercial issue. He also toured Europe with Count Basie and his orchestra. He won the ""Esquire"" magazine award for male vocalist in 1945, the ""Melody Maker"" award for best ""new"" vocalist of 1956, and the British ""Jazz Journal"" award as top male singer of 1965. In 1977, Turner recorded ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter"" for Spivey Records, with Lloyd Glenn on piano. Turner's career endured from the barrooms of Kansas City in the 1920s (when at the

"Sit Down (song)"
Sit Down (song) ""Sit Down"" is a song by English band James, originally released in 1989 by Rough Trade Records. The song's lyrics were written in the autumn of 1988 as a homage to author Doris Lessing and singer Patti Smith, who had inspired Tim Booth. In its seven-and-a-half-minute original form, the song only reached number 77 on the UK Singles Chart (although it did make number eight in John Peel's Festive Fifty of that year). Due to this unimpressive performance, their record label's managing director, Geoff Travis, told the band they were not a viable commercial proposition beyond an

"Lew Brown"
Lew Brown Lew Brown (born Louis Brownstein, , December 10, 1893 – February 5, 1958) was a lyricist for popular songs in the United States. During World War I and the Roaring Twenties, he wrote lyrics for several of the top Tin Pan Alley composers, especially Albert Von Tilzer. Brown was one third of a successful songwriting and music publishing team with Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson from 1925 until 1931. Brown also wrote or co-wrote many Broadway shows and Hollywood films. Among his most-popular songs are ""Button Up Your Overcoat"", ""Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree"", ""Life Is Just

"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)"
""I Forgot to Remember to Forget"" and ""That's All Right"". I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You) ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)"" is a popular song written in 1953 by Joe Thomas and Howard Biggs. Since then, it became something of a minor pop standard, largely due to several well-received versions of the song. It is best known for appearing on Elvis Presley's first album, and for a performance of the song by The Beatles (that appears on their ""Live at the BBC"" album). The Beatles also performed the song at the Star-Club in

I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You) ""I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)"" is a popular song written in 1953 by Joe Thomas and Howard Biggs. Since then, it became something of a minor pop standard, largely due to several well-received versions of the song. It is best known for appearing on Elvis Presley's first album, and for a performance of the song by The Beatles (that appears on their ""Live at the BBC"" album). The Beatles also performed the song at the Star-Club in Hamburg on New Year's Eve, 31 December 1962, during their

"National Football League Draft"
National Football League Draft The National Football League Draft, also called the NFL Draft or the Player Selection Meeting, is an annual event which serves as the league's most common source of player recruitment. The basic design of the draft is that each team is given a position in the drafting order in reverse order relative to its record in the previous year, which means that the last place team is positioned first. From this position, the team can either select a player or trade their position to another team for other draft positions, a player or players, or any

supplemental draft. National Football League Draft The National Football League Draft, also called the NFL Draft or the Player Selection Meeting, is an annual event which serves as the league's most common source of player recruitment. The basic design of the draft is that each team is given a position in the drafting order in reverse order relative to its record in the previous year, which means that the last place team is positioned first. From this position, the team can either select a player or trade their position to another team for other draft positions, a player or players,

from both the NFL Network and Fox Sports. ESPN continues to produce its own coverage of the draft, with ESPN2 simulcasting Days 1 and 2, while ABC simulcasts Day 3. Players who have been out of high school for at least three years are eligible for the NFL draft. The rules do not state that a player must attend college, but virtually all of the players selected in the NFL draft have played college football, usually in the United States but occasionally from Canadian universities as well. A few players are occasionally selected from other football leagues like the Arena

under contract with either USFL or CFL teams. Draft order is determined by a weighted system that is divided into three groupings. First come the teams that had six or fewer wins last season, followed by non-playoff teams that had more than six wins, followed by the 12 playoff teams. In the supplemental draft, a team is not required to use any picks. Instead, if a team wants a player in the supplemental draft, they submit a ""bid"" to the Commissioner with the round they would pick that player. If no other team places a bid on that player at

on each team's win-loss record in the previous season and whether the team reached the playoffs. Teams that did not reach the playoffs the previous season are ranked in reverse order of their records (thus the team with the fewest wins is awarded the first selection). Ties between teams with identical records are determined by the following tiebreakers (in order): Teams that reached the playoffs the previous season are then slotted in the order in which they were eliminated as indicated in the table below. Within each tier, the slotting is determined as above (i.e. worst record picks first and

Combine, which in turn leads to better performances. College teams which produce a large quantity of NFL prospects generally generate huge interest from scouts and coaches at their Pro Days. Each NFL team is allowed to transport a maximum of 30 draft-eligible players for the purposes of physical examinations, interviews, and written tests. If a player attends a school or grew up in the same ""metropolitan area"" as the team that is inviting the player, that visit is not counted towards the 30-player limit. Tickets to the NFL draft are free and made available to fans on a first-come first-served

overall contract to televise games (""ESPN Sunday Night NFL"" from 1987 to 2005, and ""Monday Night Football"" from 2006 to the present). In 2010, the NFL moved to a three-day draft with the first day encompassing the first round beginning at 8:00 pm EDT, the second day encompassing the second and third rounds beginning at 7:00 pm EDT, and third day concluding the process with the final four rounds beginning at 11:00 am EDT Saturday. Starting with the 2018 NFL Draft, the first two evenings will air on broadcast television, with Fox and NFL Network carrying a simulcast featuring personnel

"2018 NFL Draft"
2018 NFL Draft The 2018 NFL Draft was the 83rd annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players for the 2018 NFL season. The draft was held on April 26–28 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, and was the first draft to take place in an NFL stadium and the first to be held in Texas, which won out in a fourteen city bid. In order to be eligible to enter the draft, players must be at least three years removed from high school. The deadline for underclassmen to declare for the draft was January

"CFL Draft"
CFL Draft The CFL Draft (also known as the CFL Canadian Draft, CFL College Draft or the Canadian College Draft) is an annual sports draft in which the teams of the Canadian Football League (CFL) select eligible Canadian/non-import players, typically from the ranks of U Sports football or NCAA college football. Member clubs make selections based on the reverse order of the previous year's standings, with the team with the worst record being awarded the first selection, the Grey Cup runner-up getting the second-to-last selection and the Grey Cup champion selecting last. The draft is held once every year, approximately

early March in Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. College football players perform physical and mental tests in front of NFL coaches, general managers, and scouts. With increasing interest in the NFL draft, the scouting combine has grown in scope and significance, allowing personnel directors to evaluate upcoming prospects in a standardized setting. Its origins have evolved from the National, BLESTO, and Quadra Scouting services in 1977 to the media frenzy it has become today. Athletes attend by invitation only. Implications of one's performance during the Combine can affect perception, draft status, salary, and ultimately his career. The draft has

"Got My Mind Set on You"
Got My Mind Set on You ""Got My Mind Set on You"" (also written as ""(Got My Mind) Set on You"") is a song written and composed by Rudy Clark and originally recorded by James Ray in 1962, under the title ""I've Got My Mind Set on You"". An edited version of the song was released later in the year as a single on the Dynamic Sound label. In 1987, George Harrison released a cover version of the song as a single, and released it on his album ""Cloud Nine,"" which he had recorded on his own Dark Horse Records

"Got to Get You Off My Mind"
Got to Get You Off My Mind ""Got to Get You Off My Mind"" is a 1965 soul single written and performed by Solomon Burke. The single was produced by Jerry Wexler, and was the most successful of Burke's long career, becoming his highest-charting single on both the R&B and pop singles charts. ""Got to Get You Off My Mind"" was number one on ""Billboard""'s R&B Singles chart for three weeks and made the Top 40 on the pop singles chart. Burke recorded the song, one of four, during a recording session on January 22, 1965. The song was written

significant airplay, and was nominated for three MTV VMAs. Harrison's version of the song was parodied by ""Weird Al"" Yankovic on his 1988 album ""Even Worse,"" as ""(This Song's Just) Six Words Long"" poking fun at the repetitive nature of the lyrics. Shakin' Stevens recorded the song for his 2006 album ""Now Listen"". Irish singer Lee Matthews covered it in his 2015 album ""It's a Great Day to Be Alive"". Got My Mind Set on You ""Got My Mind Set on You"" (also written as ""(Got My Mind) Set on You"") is a song written and composed by Rudy Clark

label. Of Harrison's three number-one singles in the US, it was both the only song not written or composed by Harrison himself and the only one without religious overtones. It also was not only the last US No. 1 hit by Harrison, but also from any of the ex-Beatles (as of 2018) in the US. When the song hit No. 1, it broke a three-way tie among Harrison, John Lennon, and Ringo Starr, all of whom had two No. 1 hit singles as solo artists (discounting Paul McCartney's work with Wings). It also happened to be the No. 1 single

"I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)"
I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl) ""I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)"" is a song recorded by the disco band Instant Funk in 1979. Released from their self-titled debut album, the song spent three non-consecutive weeks at number one on the R&B singles chart (interrupted by ""He's the Greatest Dancer"" by Sister Sledge). It also enjoyed success on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart, peaking at number twenty. The single also peaked at number one on the disco chart. It was recognizably sampled by De La Soul in their track

in the hotel... so all of these things came about very quickly and very drastically.” Burke completed the song on the train back to Chicago for Cooke's funeral. Got to Get You Off My Mind ""Got to Get You Off My Mind"" is a 1965 soul single written and performed by Solomon Burke. The single was produced by Jerry Wexler, and was the most successful of Burke's long career, becoming his highest-charting single on both the R&B and pop singles charts. ""Got to Get You Off My Mind"" was number one on ""Billboard""'s R&B Singles chart for three weeks and

was among them. I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl) ""I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)"" is a song recorded by the disco band Instant Funk in 1979. Released from their self-titled debut album, the song spent three non-consecutive weeks at number one on the R&B singles chart (interrupted by ""He's the Greatest Dancer"" by Sister Sledge). It also enjoyed success on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart, peaking at number twenty. The single also peaked at number one on the disco chart. It was recognizably sampled by De La Soul

NYC and work began on it by the producer Bunny Sigler and engineer Bob Blank. Among other things, Bunny brought in a woman to say 'say what?' throughout the record. Standing behind her, his directions (""scream"") were amplified and used as part of the production. Remixing was done manually (no computerization) and was attempted by Walter Gibbons, Ken Cayre (the owner of Salsoul Records) and finally by Larry Levan. Done in Blank Tapes's old studio A, on a console that was not automated, the remixes were done with spicing tape, playing a small section of the music and then resetting

"Got You on My Mind"
Got You on My Mind Got You on My Mind is a jazz album by William Galison and Madeleine Peyroux, recorded in 1999, and later compiled into an album by Galison alone in 2003. Seven of its eleven tracks are by the two collaborators, the remainder are by Galison alone. The album is made up of a wide variety of material, ranging from jazz standards like Jerome Kern and Dorothy Fields' ""The Way You Look Tonight"" to pop songs like John Lennon's ""Jealous Guy""; and containing two originals by Galison and one by Galison and Peyroux. The instrumentation is also

at number two. It was kept off the number 1 spot by T'Pau's ""China in Your Hand"". The song was included in the Harrison compilation albums ""Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989"" (1989) and """" (2009). A live version was recorded for his ""Live in Japan"" (1992) album. In 2010, AOL radio listeners chose ""Got My Mind Set on You"" as one of the ""10 Best George Harrison Songs"", appearing at number 4 on the list. Two music videos were released for the single, both directed by Gary Weis. The first stars Alexis Denisof trying for the heart of a girl

"Here Comes the Boom"
Here Comes the Boom Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams. The film co-stars Henry Winkler and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Happy Madison Productions. The film was released in the United States on October 12, 2012 by Columbia Pictures. The film's title is taken from the song ""Boom"" by Christian rock band P.O.D. Former Division I collegiate wrestler Scott Voss is a 42-year-old bored and disillusioned biology teacher at

box office success. ""Here Comes the Boom"" was chosen as one of ten best films for family audiences by the 21st Annual Movieguide Awards on February 15, 2013. DVD was released in Region 1 in the United States on February 5, 2013, and also Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2013, it was distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Here Comes the Boom Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by

"Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)"
Top later used similar lines (""how-how-how-how"") for their popular ""La Grange"". When ""Boom Boom"" was released as a single in May 1962, the song became a hit. It entered the Billboard R&B chart on June 16, 1962, where it spent eight weeks and reached number 16. The song also entered the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, where it reached number 60, making it one of only two Hooker singles to enter the pop chart. It was included on the 1962 Vee-Jay album ""Burnin' "" (SR 1043) as well as many Hooker compilations, including ""John Lee Hooker: The Ultimate Collection"". Thirty years later

disobey him"". Eric becomes the chef for her father's restaurant, which improves the business, so Malia's father is thankful to Scott. Once Malia sings Scott's theme song at the UFC fight, shown on TV, her father tearfully accepts that music is her true passion. In the closing scene, Niko and all of the students in Scott's citizenship class attend their American citizenship ceremony. Filming began on March 28, 2011, in and around the Boston, Massachusetts, area. Filming continued on through May 25, 2011, in Lowell and Quincy, Massachusetts, where it wrapped shortly thereafter, by early June 2011. On Rotten Tomatoes,

"Boom (P.O.D. song)"
Boom (P.O.D. song) ""Boom"" is a song by American rock band P.O.D. It was released in May 2002 as the third single from their second major label studio album ""Satellite"". While it did not chart as well as the album's previous singles, the song has appeared significantly in film and television. ""Boom (The Crystal Method remix)"" was included on the remix album ""Community Service"" and as a bonus track on the special edition re-release of ""Satellite"" available August 27, 2002. A limited edition, gatefold picture disc of the single was also available in the UK. Following the September 11, 2001

and other artists, including a 1965 North American hit by the Animals, and a version by Big Head Todd and the Monsters is used as the opening theme for the television series """". Prior to recording for Vee-Jay Records, John Lee Hooker was primarily a solo performer or accompanied by a second guitarist, such as early collaborators Eddie Burns or Eddie Kirkland. However, with Vee-Jay, he usually recorded with a small backing band, as heard on the singles ""Dimples"", ""I Love You Honey"", and ""No Shoes"". Detroit pianist Joe Hunter, who had previously worked with Hooker, was again enlisted for

"Vita Chambers"
Vita Chambers Vita Chambers (born June 10, 1993) is a Barbadian-Canadian singer and songwriter. She is best known for her hit single ""Like Boom"" in 2010. Chambers began her career by posting four of her original songs on her MySpace page at the age of 15. She was signed by Sylvia Rhone to Universal Motown when she turned 16. Chambers was the opening act, singing ""Heat Wave"", at the November 2009 Thanksgiving Day NFL half-time show featuring a Motown Review by the future of Motown. Chambers' first single, ""Young Money"", was released in March 2010. Her EP ""The Get Go""

"Here's Boomer"
Here's Boomer Here's Boomer is an American adventure/drama series produced by Paramount Television that premiered on the NBC network on March 14, 1980. A television movie called ""A Christmas for Boomer"" aired on December 6, 1979 and served as the pilot. A spin-off of the live-action series ""The Red Hand Gang"", the show follows the adventures of the titular stray dog, ""Boomer"" and ran for two seasons, ending its run in August 1982, with the final original episode, ""Flatfoots,"" airing on July 3 of that year. The series followed the adventures of Boomer, a stray dog that traveled around helping

"Johnny Got a Boom Boom"
Johnny Got a Boom Boom ""Johnny Got a Boom Boom"" is a song by Irish rockabilly musician Imelda May. Written solely by May, the song was released as her debut single, and lead single from her second studio album, ""Love Tattoo"", on 26 January 2009 on Ambassador Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Ireland. The song gained significant popularity in Ireland and the United Kingdom upon its release and launched May into mainstream success after her performance of the song on ""Later... with Jools Holland"" on 23 September 2008. The song is also featured on the 2010 comedy-action movie ""Wild

"In the Boom Boom Room"
had wanted an abortion and memories of sexual abuse by her father . The play was first written and performed, in two acts, at Villanova University in 1972. Rabe was teaching at Villanova and the play's director, Robert Hedley, was chair of the theatre department. Prior to staging the play at Lincoln Center the following year, Rabe added a scene and several speeches to the first act, expanding it considerably. As a result, the play was divided into three acts, to Rabe's dissatisfaction. The play opened on Broadway at the Vivian Beaumont Theater on November 8, 1973 and closed on

"I Think We're Alone Now"
I Think We're Alone Now ""I Think We're Alone Now"" is a song written and composed by Ritchie Cordell that was the title selection from a same-named album released by the American recording artists Tommy James and the Shondells. ""I Think We're Alone Now"" was a 1967 US hit for James and the Shondells, reaching number 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song has since been covered several times by other artists. The late 1987 recording by Tiffany reached number 1 on the charts of various countries including the US, UK, Canada, and New Zealand. Other cover versions

have also charted, including those by The Rubinoos (number 45 US, 1977) and Girls Aloud (number 4 UK, 2006). ""I Think We're Alone Now"" was a 1967 hit song for Tommy James and the Shondells, reaching number 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart during a 17-week stay. The recording was produced by Ritchie Cordell and Bo Gentry. Cordell wrote or co-wrote many songs for James, including the follow-up single ""Mirage"" and its B-side ""Run, Run, Baby, Run"", and 1968's ""Mony Mony"". Rock critic Lester Bangs called the single ""the bubblegum apotheosis"". Like many early Tommy James and the Shondells

"Tiffany Darwish"
she filmed an episode of the Biography Channel TV series ""Celebrity Close Calls"". On the episode first broadcast July 7, 2013, of the reality TV series ""Celebrity Wife Swap"", she traded places with actress/singer Nia Peeples. Tiffany Darwish Tiffany Renee Darwish (born October 2, 1971), simply known by her mononym Tiffany, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and former teen icon. She is most notable for her 1987 cover of ""I Think We're Alone Now,” a song originally recorded by Tommy James and the Shondells in 1967. Released as the second single from her eponymous album, ""Tiffany"", the song quickly

Tiffany Darwish Tiffany Renee Darwish (born October 2, 1971), simply known by her mononym Tiffany, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and former teen icon. She is most notable for her 1987 cover of ""I Think We're Alone Now,” a song originally recorded by Tommy James and the Shondells in 1967. Released as the second single from her eponymous album, ""Tiffany"", the song quickly became a teen anthem. Thanks to an original mall tour, ""The Beautiful You: Celebrating The Good Life Shopping Mall Tour '87"", Tiffany found commercial success; both the single and the album peaked at No. 1 on

releases, only band members Tommy James and Eddie Gray were featured on the record. (The rest of the band provided background vocals.) Studio musicians were used as the rest of the rhythm section to back up the Shondells. These musicians include Artie Butler playing Ondioline electric keyboard, Al Gorgoni on guitar, Joe Macho on bass, Paul Griffin on piano, and Bobby Gregg on drums. ""I Think We're Alone Now"" stands out as one of James's most successful recordings. It was featured in the horror film ""Mother's Day"" (1980) and the science-fiction thriller ""10 Cloverfield Lane"" (2016). The version that James

"I Think We're Alone Now (album)"
I Think We're Alone Now (album) I Think We're Alone Now is the third studio album by the pop rock band Tommy James and the Shondells released in 1967. The album had three singles that charted. The title track went to #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. ""Mirage"" reached #10 on the chart. ""I Like the Way"" reached #25 on the chart. The album landed on the ""Billboard"" 200, reaching #74. Original copies feature a black album cover with two pairs of yellow bare footsteps walking side-by-side, then facing each other near the top of the cover. This was deemed

"Alone (Heart song)"
Alone (Heart song) ""Alone"" is a song composed by Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly. It first appeared via Steinberg and Kelly's 1983 pet project, I-Ten, on ""Taking a Cold Look."" It was later recorded by Valerie Stevenson and John Stamos, in their roles as Lisa Copley and Gino Minelli, on the original soundtrack of the CBS sitcom ""Dreams"" in 1984. The American rock band Heart, recorded and released it in their 1987 album ""Bad Animals,"" this version was a number-one US and Canadian hit that year. In 2007, by then twenty years later, Celine Dion recorded it for her album

"Alone Again Or"
Alone Again Or ""Alone Again Or"" is a song originally recorded in 1967 by the rock group Love and written by band member Bryan MacLean. It appears on the album ""Forever Changes"", and was released as a single in the USA, UK, Australia, France and The Netherlands. Versions have subsequently been recorded by an eclectic variety of bands and singers including UFO (1977), the Damned (1986), Sarah Brightman (1990), The Boo Radleys (1991), the Oblivians (1993), Chris Pérez Band (1999), Calexico (2004), Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs (2006) and Les Fradkin (2007). Two demo versions by MacLean himself were released

or defy such prohibition. In 1978, the American singer Lene Lovich recorded a cover version of ""I Think We're Alone Now"". Her version was originally released with her hit song ""Lucky Number"" as a B-side. Lovich recorded the song after contacting the radio presenter Charlie Gillett, who helped her get signed by Dave Robinson of Stiff Records. Robinson liked the record and immediately proposed it to be released as a single. However, her song ""Lucky Number"" gained so much more attention that it was later re-released as a lead single, at which it peaked at number 3 on the UK

too controversial for the time and was changed to a yellow cover with a photo of the group. All songs written and composed by Ritchie Cordell except where noted. Album Singles I Think We're Alone Now (album) I Think We're Alone Now is the third studio album by the pop rock band Tommy James and the Shondells released in 1967. The album had three singles that charted. The title track went to #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. ""Mirage"" reached #10 on the chart. ""I Like the Way"" reached #25 on the chart. The album landed on the ""Billboard"" 200,

"Mars landing"
Seasonal dust storms, pressure changes, and movement of atmospheric gases between the polar caps were observed. A biology experiment produced possible evidence of life, but it was not corroborated by other on-board experiments. While searching for a suitable landing spot for ""Viking 2""s lander, the ""Viking 1"" orbiter photographed the landform that constitutes the so-called ""Face on Mars"" on July 25, 1976. The Viking program was a descendant of the cancelled Voyager program, whose name was later reused for a pair of outer solar system probes. NASA's ""Mars Pathfinder"" spacecraft, launched one month after Global Surveyor, landed on July 4,

"Mars Polar Lander"
in late summer, too little power would be supplied to the heater to avoid freezing, resulting in the battery also freezing and signaling the end of the operating life for the lander. ""Mars Polar Lander"" was launched on January 3, 1999, at 20:21:10 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, aboard a Delta II 7425 launch vehicle. The complete burn sequence lasted for 47.7 minutes after a Thiokol Star 48B solid-fuel third stage booster placed the spacecraft into an 11-month, Mars transfer trajectory at a

Mars Polar Lander The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999 to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. It formed part of the Mars Surveyor '98 mission. On December 3, 1999, however, after the descent phase was expected to be complete, the lander failed to reestablish communication with Earth. A post-mortem analysis determined the most likely cause of the mishap was premature termination of the engine firing prior to the lander touching the

faster than the landers could manage transmitting directly to Earth, which conserves valuable time on the receiving antennas. The first probe intended to be a Mars impact lander was the Soviet Mars 1962B unsuccessfully launched in 1962. In 1971 the Soviet Union successfully sent probes Mars 2 and Mars 3, as part of the Mars probe program M-71. The Mars 2 and 3 probes each carried a lander, both of which failed upon landing. They were the first human artifacts to touch down on Mars. Mars 2 lander impacted on Mars only, while Mars 3 was the first Martian soft

"Exploration of Mars"
with a roving probe on Mars on July 4, 1997. It consisted of a lander and a small wheeled robotic rover named Sojourner, which was the first rover to operate on the surface of Mars. In addition to scientific objectives, the Mars Pathfinder mission was also a ""proof-of-concept"" for various technologies, such as an airbag landing system and automated obstacle avoidance, both later exploited by the Mars Exploration Rovers. After the 1992 failure of NASA's Mars Observer orbiter, NASA retooled and launched Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Mars Global Surveyor launched on November 7, 1996, and entered orbit on September 12,

could be assured to be completely sterile. Having been designed for only three-month missions, both rovers lasted much longer than planned. ""Spirit"" lost contact with Earth in March 2010. ""Opportunity"", however, continued to carry out surveys of the planet, surpassing on its odometer by the time communication with it was lost in June 2018. These rovers have discovered many new things, including Heat Shield Rock, the first meteorite to be discovered on another planet. ""Phoenix"" launched on August 4, 2007, and touched down on the northern polar region of Mars on May 25, 2008. It is famous for having been

"Mars Exploration Rover"
scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-sol primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers have continued to function beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission, they have each received five mission extensions. The fifth mission extension

"Mars program"
lifted off on August 9, 1973, into an intermediate Earth orbit on a Proton-K/D booster and then launched into a Mars transfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander and bus was 3260 kg. It reached Mars on March 9, 1974. Due to a problem in the operation of one of the on-board systems (attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separated prematurely (4 hours before encounter) and missed the planet by 1300 km. The early separation was probably due to a computer error which resulted from degradation of the systems during the trip to Mars. The intended landing

landed on 24 January 2004 in Meridiani Planum (where there are large deposits of hematite, indicating the presence of past water) to carry out similar geological work. Despite a temporary loss of communication with the ""Spirit"" Rover (caused by a file system anomaly ) delaying exploration for several days, both rovers eventually began exploring their landing sites. The rover ""Opportunity"" landed in a particularly interesting spot, a crater with bedrock outcroppings. In fast succession, mission team members announced on 2 March that data returned from the rover showed that these rocks were once ""drenched in water"", and on 23 March

months (specifically 780 days, the planet's synodic period with respect to Earth). In addition, the lowest available transfer energy varies on a roughly 16-year cycle. For example, a minimum occurred in the 1969 and 1971 launch windows, rising to a peak in the late 1970s, and hitting another low in 1986 and 1988. Starting in 1960, the Soviets launched a series of probes to Mars including the first intended flybys and hard (impact) landing (Mars 1962B). The first successful fly-by of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. On November 14, 1971 Mariner 9 became the first

"Traveling Wilburys"
Over Again"" contained a greeting that read ""Merry Christmas from Nelson and Pee Wee Wilbury."" Traveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album ""Cloud Nine"", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, ""Handle with Care"", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to

Traveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album ""Cloud Nine"", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, ""Handle with Care"", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to record a full album, titled ""Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1"". Following Orbison's death in December 1988,

over a shared appreciation of the English comedy troupe Monty Python. Harrison, who had worked with the members of Monty Python on various productions by his company HandMade Films since the late 1970s, particularly appreciated Orbison's gift for impersonation and his ability to recite entire sketches by the troupe. The band came together in April 1988, when Harrison was in Los Angeles to oversee the filming of his HandMade production ""Checking Out"". At that time, Warner Bros. Records asked Harrison for a new song to serve as the B-side for the European release of his third single from ""Cloud Nine"",

"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1"
together again for nine days in May, recording the basic tracks and vocals at Dave Stewart’s home studio in Los Angeles. Overdubs and mixing were carried out in England at Harrison’s home studio, FPSHOT (short for Friar Park Studio, Henley-on-Thames). Masquerading as the Wilbury brothers, the participants would be known as Nelson (Harrison), Otis (Lynne), Lucky (Dylan), Lefty (Orbison), and Charlie T. Jr. (Petty) Wilbury, with drummer Jim Keltner credited as Buster Sidebury. Harrison was no stranger to the use of alternate identities, as he had adopted them with ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"" and with his plethora of

held in the house of Eurythmics member Dave Stewart, in Los Angeles. The five band members sat in a circle playing acoustic guitars in Stewart's kitchen; once each song's basic track had been written and recorded there (with accompaniment from a drum machine),<ref name=""Hurwitz/Mix""></ref> the group recorded their vocals in another room, usually after dinner each night. Petty recalled that, as a friend but also an avowed fan of Dylan's, Harrison felt the need to clear the air on the first day by saying to him: ""We know that you're Bob Dylan and everything, but we're going to just treat

group. The friendship continued in Los Angeles later that year. There, Harrison struck up a musical rapport with Petty based on their shared love of 1950s rock 'n' roll, and Lynne began collaborating with Petty on what became the latter's debut solo album, ""Full Moon Fever"", and writing songs with Orbison, Lynne's longtime musical hero, for Orbison's comeback album, ""Mystery Girl"". According to Petty, Harrison's dream for the Wilburys was to handpick the participants and create ""the perfect little band"", but the criteria for inclusion were governed most by ""who you could hang out with"". The five musicians also bonded

interests of maintaining the group identity. Over the months following the end of recording in the summer, contractual issues had been successfully negotiated between Warner's and the record companies representing Dylan, Petty, Lynne and Orbison. As was the case in 1971 when EMI prepared Harrison's multi-artist live album from the Concert for Bangladesh for release, Columbia, Dylan's label, presented the main stumbling block. In the album credits, the ""Wilburys"" joke was extended further, with the band members listed under various pseudonyms and pretending to be half-brothers – sons of a fictional Charles Truscott Wilbury, Sr. During promotion for the album,

people I could ever wish to work with. Every day was like, 'Wow!' ... it was fun from day one.""<ref name=""Heathcote/Express""></ref> Jim Keltner, the session drummer and percussionist, was not listed as a Wilbury on either album. However, he is seen in all of the group's music videos, and on the DVD released in 2007, he is given the nickname ""Buster Sidebury"". Overdubs to the bonus tracks ""Maxine"" and ""Like a Ship"" also credited as ""Ayrton Wilbury"", a pseudonym for Dhani Harrison. The name Ayrton was used in honour of F1 racer Ayrton Senna. Jim Horn played saxophone on both

""This Is Love"". During a meal with Lynne and Orbison, Harrison asked Lynne to help him record the track and invited Orbison to attend the session, which he then arranged to take place at Dylan's garage studio in Malibu since no professional studios were available at such short notice. Petty's involvement came about when Harrison went to retrieve his guitar from Petty's house and invited him to attend also. Working on a song that Harrison had recently started writing, the ensemble completed the track, which they titled ""Handle with Care"" after a label on a box in Dylan's garage. When

home the following day, Harrison, Lynne, Orbison and Petty worked on a song that Harrison had started writing for the occasion, ""Handle with Care"". At first, Dylan's role was that of a host, maintaining a barbecue to feed the musicians; at Harrison's invitation, Dylan then joined them in writing lyrics for the song. The ensemble taped the track on Dylan's Ampex recording equipment, with all five sharing the vocals. ""Handle with Care"" was considered too good to be used as a B-side, so Harrison decided to form a band and record another nine songs for an album. The group got

"2000 NBA Finals"
2000 NBA Finals The 2000 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1999–2000 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2. Lakers center Shaquille O'Neal was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the series, his first of three consecutive honors. The series was played under a best-of-seven format, with the Lakers holding home court advantage. Until 2008, this was the most recent NBA Finals where both number one seeds from both conferences faced off

"2000 NBA Playoffs"
2000 NBA Playoffs The 2000 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1999-2000 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2. Shaquille O'Neal was named NBA Finals MVP. The San Antonio Spurs were the champions going into the playoffs, but were eliminated by the Phoenix Suns in the first round, marking the first time since 1987 that a title-winning team did not repeat. They were also the first defending champion to be eliminated in the first round since the Philadelphia 76ers

later resurface as President of Basketball Operations in . The Pacers continued to make the playoffs every season until 2006, the year after Reggie Miller retired. 2000 NBA Finals The 2000 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1999–2000 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2. Lakers center Shaquille O'Neal was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the series, his first of three consecutive honors. The series was played under a best-of-seven format,

in the latter two, yielding them to the San Antonio Spurs and Sacramento Kings, respectively. In addition, the Lakers were able to beat both of those teams in the Conference Finals. They won the championship over the Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets, respectively. , the series remains the Pacers’ only NBA Finals appearance. The Pacers would rebuild in the subsequent season. Retiring center Rik Smits was replaced by future NBA All-Star Jermaine O'Neal, acquired from Portland in the deal for Dale Davis. Mark Jackson and Chris Mullin both left as free-agents. Larry Bird resigned as head coach; he would

16, and 19 en route to a 67–15 record, tying the 1992 Chicago Bulls and 1986 Boston Celtics as the fifth best record in NBA regular season history. Although many expected the Lakers to reach the Finals, the road would be a rocky one. In the first round, the Lakers won the first two games against the Sacramento Kings, only to drop the next two games in Sacramento. The Lakers then defeated Sacramento in Game 5, 113–86, to face the Phoenix Suns in the conference semifinals. The Lakers clobbered the Suns, winning the series 4–1 (with their only loss coming

in 1984. The Lakers' win was the first title for both O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, both considered future first-ballot Hall of Famers, and the first Lakers championship since the 1988. A. C. Green, the only player left from the Lakers' Showtime era, was in the Lakers starting lineup for this series as well. For the Pacers, it was their first Eastern Conference title after four previous appearances in the Eastern Conference Finals; however, after this season, the team was radically altered with key players Dale Davis, Derrick McKey and Mark Jackson moving to other teams and Rik Smits retiring. Game

in the final. Although the Lakers were one of the more talented teams in the NBA the previous year, they failed to win a single game against the San Antonio Spurs in the 1999 NBA playoffs. Twenty-four days after being swept by the eventual league champion, the Lakers signed Phil Jackson as head coach. Jackson, famous for coaching Michael Jordan and the six-time champion Chicago Bulls, would build his triangle offense around Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant. General Manager Jerry West surrounded O'Neal and Bryant with effective role players such as Glen Rice, Ron Harper (who had experience with Jackson's

"1999 NBA Finals"
seed. They would face the Miami Heat, the top seed, in the first round. Led by an injured Patrick Ewing and relying on contributions from Larry Johnson, Latrell Sprewell, and Allan Houston, as well as a newly acquired Marcus Camby, the Knicks were able to keep pace with the Heat and after Houston hit a shot with 0.8 seconds remaining in Game 5 of that series, the Knicks were victorious and became the second team in NBA history after the Denver Nuggets to win a playoff series as the #8 seed. The Nuggets were led by Dikembe Mutombo in that

losses coming in Games 3 and 4 in the first round against Sacramento, Game 4 in the series against Phoenix, and Games 5 and 6 versus Portland). As a result, the series returned to California. After the two teams traded blows in the first quarter, Mark Jackson concluded the period with a turn-around half-court shot at the buzzer to give the Pacers a 26–24 advantage. They would not relinquish their lead until the fourth quarter. In the first half, the Pacers would lead by as many as twelve points. However, the Lakers chipped away and entered intermission trailing 56–53. Indiana

triangle offense as part of the 1996–1998 Bulls), and A. C. Green (member of the last two Lakers championship teams). Along with these starters, the Lakers also possessed a strong bench. Robert Horry not only had championship experience with the Houston Rockets but also was a threat on the perimeter and a defensive star. Derek Fisher was a defensively minded point-guard with the ability to shoot well from long range. Rick Fox, acquired after being released by the Boston Celtics, was the Lakers' sixth man. With a healthy O'Neal, the Lakers dominated the regular season, with winning streaks of 11,

Ozarks
Summits can reach elevations of just over 2,560 feet (780 m) with valleys 500 to 1,550 feet (472 m) deep (150 m to 450 m). Turner Ward Knob is the highest named peak. Located in western Newton County, Arkansas, its elevation is 2,463 feet (751 m). Nearby, five unnamed peaks have elevations at or slightly above 2,560 feet (780 m). Drainage is primarily to the White River, with the exception of the Illinois River, although there also is considerable drainage from the south slopes of the Boston Mountains to the Arkansas River. Major streams of this type include Lee Creek,

Ozarks
soil, glades are home to collared lizards, tarantulas, scorpions, cacti and other species more typical of the desert southwest. The Boston Mountains contain the highest elevations of the Ozarks with peaks over and form some of the greatest relief of any formation between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains.The Ouachita Mountains to the south rise a few hundred feet higher, but are not geographically associated with the Ozarks. The Boston Mountains portion of the Ozarks extends north of the Arkansas River Valley and is approximately and are bordered by the Springfield and Salem Plateau to the north of the White River.

Ozarks
Ozarks The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. There are two mountain ranges within the Ozarks: the Boston Mountains of Arkansas and the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri. Buffalo Lookout, the highest point in the Ozarks, is located in the Boston Mountains. Geologically, the area

Ozarks
northeast Oklahoma, and northwest Arkansas and including Springfield, Joplin and Monett in Missouri, Tahlequah in Oklahoma and Fayetteville and Harrison in Arkansas; the White River Hills along the White River including Branson, Mountain Home to Batesville; the Salem Plateau or Central Plateau which includes a broad band across south central Missouri and north central Arkansas including the Lebanon, Salem and West Plains areas; the Courtois Hills of southeastern Missouri; the Osage-Gasconade Hills around the Lake of the Ozarks; the Saint Francois Mountains; and the Missouri River and Mississippi River border areas along the eastern and northeastern flanks. Karst features such

Ozarks
chert layers. These are eroded and form steep hills, valleys and bluffs. The Boston Mountains are a high and deeply dissected plateau. The rocks of the region are essentially little disturbed, flat-lying sedimentary layers of Paleozoic age. The highest ridges and peaks are capped by Pennsylvanian sandstone such as the basal Atoka and the ""Middle Bloyd"". The deeply eroded valleys are cut into Mississippian limestone and below that layer Ordovician dolomite. During the Pennsylvanian Period the Ozark Plateau was uplifted as a result of the Ouachita orogeny. During the late Paleozoic the deep ocean basin that existed in central and

Ozarks
range hundreds of millions of years old. The remaining hills are the exposed portion of an extensive terrane (the Spavinaw terrane in part) of granitic and rhyolitic rocks dating from 1485 to 1350 mya that stretches from Ohio to western Oklahoma. The core of the range existed as an island in the Paleozoic seas. Reef complexes occur in the sedimentary layers surrounding this ancient island. These flanking reefs were points of concentration for later ore-bearing fluids which formed the rich lead-zinc ores that have been and continue to be mined in the area. The igneous and volcanic rocks extend at

Ozarks
Frog Bayou, Mulberry River, Spadra Creek, Big Piney Creek, Little Piney Creek, Illinois Bayou, Point Remove Creek, and Cadron Creek. Many Ozark waterways have their headwaters in the uplands of the Boston formation, including the Buffalo, King’s, Mulberry, Little Red and White rivers. Topography is mostly gently rolling in the Springfield and Salem Plateaus, whereas the Saint Francois Mountains are more rugged. Although the Springfield formation's surface is primarily Mississippian limestone and chert, the Salem Plateau is older Ordovician dolostones, limestones, and sandstones. Both are rife with karst topography and form long, flat plains. The formations are separated by steep

Ozarks
God, Baptists including Southern Baptists, Church of Christ, Pentecostals, and other Protestant denominations present, as well as Catholics. Religious organizations headquartered in the Ozarks include the Assemblies of God and the Baptist Bible Fellowship International in Springfield. Ozarks The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.

Ozarks
from the Ouachita Mountains. Missouri Ozark rivers include the Gasconade, Big Piney and the Niangua River in the north central region. The Meramec River and its tributaries Huzzah Creek and Courtois Creek are found in the northeastern Ozarks. The Black and St. Francis Rivers mark the eastern crescent of the Ozarks. The James, Spring and North Fork Rivers are in south central Missouri. Forming the West central border of the Ozarks from Missouri through Kansas and into Oklahoma are Spring River and its tributary Center Creek. Grand Falls, Missouri's largest natural waterfall, a chert outcropping, includes bluffs and glades on

Ozarks
as springs, losing streams, sinkholes and caves are common in the limestones of the Springfield Plateau and abundant in the dolostone bedrock of the Salem Plateau and Boston Mountains. Missouri is known as ""The Cave State"" with over 6000 recorded caves; the majority of these caves are found in the Ozark counties. The Ozark Plateaus aquifer system affects groundwater movement in all areas except the igneous core of the St. Francois Mountains. Geographic features include limestone and dolomite glades, which are rocky, desert-like area on hilltops. Kept open by periodic fires that limit growth of grasses and forbs in shallow

"Goodbye, Krabby Patty?"
Goodbye, Krabby Patty? ""Goodbye, Krabby Patty?"", also known as Factory Fresh, is the 22nd episode of season 9 and the 200th overall episode of ""SpongeBob SquarePants"". The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 20, 2017. The series follows the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. In this episode, SpongeBob and Mr. Krabs seek business advice from an ad executive in Mr. Krabs' endeavor to launch a line of frozen Krabby Patties. Once Mr. Krabs gains success from this, he stops selling fresh Krabby Patties and

""Goodbye, Krabby Patty?"" was released on the ""SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete Ninth Season"" DVD, alongside all episodes of the ninth season. Goodbye, Krabby Patty? ""Goodbye, Krabby Patty?"", also known as Factory Fresh, is the 22nd episode of season 9 and the 200th overall episode of ""SpongeBob SquarePants"". The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 20, 2017. The series follows the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. In this episode, SpongeBob and Mr. Krabs seek business advice from an ad executive in Mr. Krabs' endeavor to

"SpongeBob SquarePants"
Nickelodeon wanted more episodes, so Hillenburg appointed Paul Tibbitt, who previously served on the show as a writer, director, and storyboard artist, to take over his role as showrunner and produce further seasons. Hillenburg considered Tibbitt one of his favorite members of the show's crew, and ""totally trusted him"". On December 13, 2014, it was announced that Hillenburg would return to the series in an unspecified position. On November 26, 2018, at the age of 57, Hillenburg died from complications due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which he had been diagnosed with in March 2017. Nickelodeon confirmed via Twitter that

"SpongeBob's Last Stand"
SpongeBob's Last Stand ""SpongeBob's Last Stand"" is the eighth episode of the seventh season and the 134th overall episode of the American animated television series ""SpongeBob SquarePants"". It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on April 22, 2010, in celebration of Earth Day. The series follows the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. In this episode, SpongeBob and Patrick protest the construction of a highway that would destroy Jellyfish Fields. The episode was written by Aaron Springer, Steven Banks, and Derek Iversen, and the animation was

out to be nothing at all. Mr. Krabs then makes a deal with SpongeBob that he can be their boss again, and charge actual money for the patties. SpongeBob happily agrees and everything returns to normal. This special of SpongeBob was written by Kyle McCulloch, storyboarded by Fred Osmond, and directed by Sherm Cohen and Dave Cunningham, with Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi serving as animation directors. Nickelodeon and Little Golden Books released a book based on the episode called ""Factory Fresh!"". The book is illustrated by Harry Moore and was released on January 3, 2017. On October 10, 2017,

"SpongeBob Comics"
a cover by artist Jacob Chabot that was influenced by the Marvel Comics annuals of the 1960s. Collaborators for the book included Drymon, Kochalka, Barta, Ramona Fradon, Chuck Dixon, Jerry Ordway, and Vincent Deporter. A second superhero-inspired annual was released in June 2014. The comic book series ended following Bongo Comics' closure in October 2018. Stephen Hillenburg passed away the next month on November 26, 2018. In a review of the premiere issue, Chad Nevett of Comic Book Resources wrote: """"SpongeBob Comics"" is effective at capturing the tone of the show and allowing the creators to present their own takes

"SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)"
producer Paul Tibbitt said, ""[Nickelodeon] wanted to do a show about extreme sports and the first thing that came to mind was Johnny Knoxville, because there are few humans living that are as extreme as him."" Knoxville accepted the role because he is a fan of the show. Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway returned, reprising their respective roles as Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy in ""Patrick-Man!"". The episode was Borgnine's last voice-over work for the series as, on July 8, 2012, he died at the age of 95. In ""License to Milkshake"", comedian and Spinal Tap band member Michael McKean

On March 16, 2010, prior to the episode's television airing, the episode was released on the DVD compilation of the same name in the United States and Canada, on July 18, 2011 in region 2, and on June 6, 2011 in region 4. The DVD features six other episodes including ""Pet or Pests"", ""Komputer Overload"", ""Gullible Pants"", ""Overbooked"", ""No Hat for Pat"", and ""Toy Store of Doom"". On December 6, 2011, ""SpongeBob's Last Stand"" was released on the ""SpongeBob SquarePants: Complete Seventh Season"" DVD, alongside all episodes of the seventh season. This was intended to be the series finale, the

"SpongeBob, You're Fired"
SpongeBob, You're Fired ""SpongeBob, You're Fired"" is a television special of the American animated television series ""SpongeBob SquarePants"". It serves as the 11th episode of the ninth season and the 189th overall episode. The animation directors were the supervising director, Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi, and was written by Marc Ceccarelli, Luke Brookshier, and Mr. Lawrence. Ceccarelli and Brookshier also served as storyboard directors. The episode originally aired in Greece on July 3, 2013. In the United States, it aired on Nickelodeon on November 11. In this episode of the series, which follows the adventures and endeavors of the title

"Last Last One Forever and Ever"
Last Last One Forever and Ever ""Last Last One Forever and Ever"" (also known as ""Live Action"") is the tenth and final episode in the sixth season of the American animated television series ""Aqua Teen Hunger Force"". The 88th episode of the series overall, it originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim on May 31, 2009. In the episode, Don Shake, a live-action version of Master Shake, attempts to write a successful novel in order to afford his rent in a live-action universe. This episode ends on an unofficial cliffhanger, which is continued in the season seven episode

"Grand slam (baseball)"
major league history – all taking place during the regular season, 15 of those coming with two outs. Of the 30 home runs, only Roberto Clemente's was hit inside the park, at spacious Forbes Field on July 25, 1956. Pirates manager/third base coach Bobby Bragan instructed him to stop at third, but Clemente ran through the stop sign to score the winning run. Del Crandall's September 11, 1955, Alan Trammell's June 21, 1988, and Chris Hoiles' May 17, 1996 grand slams occurred under the cliché situation: bases loaded, two outs, full count, bottom of the ninth inning, and down by

three runs. The most recent ultimate grand slam was hit by Chicago Cubs' infielder David Bote on August 12, 2018. This grand slam also occurred under the cliché situation described above (except that the count was only 2-2), with the additional rarity that Bote hit his slam with his team down 3-0, becoming only the second player in MLB history to hit a walk-off grand slam in that situation. Three players have hit two walk-off grand slams in a season, Cy Williams in 1926, Jim Presley in 1986, and Steve Pearce in 2017. Pearce's first was on July 27 (an

is believed to have been the first major league player to hit a grand slam, on September 10, 1881, for the Troy Trojans. Although Charlie Gould hit one for the Boston Red Stockings (now the Atlanta Braves) in the National Association (NA) on September 5, 1871, the NA is not recognized by MLB as a major league. Alex Rodriguez has 25 career grand slams, the most by any player in Major League Baseball history, passing Lou Gehrig's 23 on September 20, 2013. Don Mattingly set the one-season record with six grand slams in – remarkably, the only grand slams of

"Grand Slam Single"
around the bases, it would have been the first walk-off grand slam in MLB postseason history. That honor eventually went to Nelson Cruz, whose 11th inning bases-loaded home run won game 2 of the 2011 ALCS for the Texas Rangers over the Detroit Tigers. Grand Slam Single The Grand Slam Single is the hit that ended Game 5 of the 1999 National League Championship Series between the New York Mets and one of their rivals, Atlanta Braves. The game was played on October 17, 1999 at Shea Stadium. The game was tied 2–2, going into the top of the 15th

Granderson took pitchers Rich Harden, Fautino de los Santos, and Bruce Billings deep, with each grand slam being hit in a different inning. Coming back from a 7–1 deficit, the second grand slam gave the Yankees their first lead of the game; they went on to win 22–9. On July 13, 2014, Buster Posey and batterymate Madison Bumgarner of the San Francisco Giants hit grand slams against the Arizona Diamondbacks. It marked the first time in Major League Baseball history that batterymates hit grand slams in the same game. On June 3, 2017, a record-breaking seven grand slams were hit

a doubleheader, when he did so on May 20, 1999 for the New York Mets against the Milwaukee Brewers. In Japan's professional league, the feat of multiple grand slams in a single inning by a team has been accomplished three times; most recently on April 1, 2007 by José Fernández and Takeshi Yamasaki of the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. The Daiei Hawks accomplished the feat in . On August 25, 2011, the New York Yankees, hosting the Oakland A's, became the first team in MLB history to hit three grand slams in one game. Robinson Canó, Russell Martin and Curtis

to hit a grand slam when he did so on June 23, 2008, off New York Mets ace Johan Santana in an interleague game. The only major leaguer to hit two grand slams in one inning is Fernando Tatís of the St. Louis Cardinals, on April 23, 1999 at Dodger Stadium, with both grand slams coming off Los Angeles' Chan Ho Park in the third inning. Tatis was only the second National League player to hit two grand slams in one game, joining Cloninger. Park was only the second pitcher in major league history to give up two grand slams

Grand Slam Single The Grand Slam Single is the hit that ended Game 5 of the 1999 National League Championship Series between the New York Mets and one of their rivals, Atlanta Braves. The game was played on October 17, 1999 at Shea Stadium. The game was tied 2–2, going into the top of the 15th inning, until Mets pitcher Octavio Dotel gave up an RBI triple to Keith Lockhart, giving the Braves a 3–2 lead. In the bottom of the 15th inning, the Mets loaded the bases against Braves relief pitcher Kevin McGlinchy. Mets catcher Todd Pratt drew a

November 2010. Currently used by Niehaus' longtime partner Rick Rizzs. However, archives have surfaced showing Milwaukee Brewers longtime announcer Bob Uecker using the term ""Grand Salami"" back in 1982, when the offense-tending team were dubbed ""Harvey's Wallbangers"" (a reference to manager Harvey Kuenn, and a takeoff of the cocktail Harvey Wallbanger). Grand slam (baseball) In baseball, a grand slam is a home run hit with all three bases occupied by baserunners (""bases loaded""), thereby scoring four runs—the most possible in one play. According to ""The Dickson Baseball Dictionary"", the term originated in the card game of contract bridge, in which

in one inning; Bill Phillips of the Pittsburgh Pirates did it on August 16, 1890, one to Tom Burns and one to Malachi Kittridge, but Park was the first to give up both to the same batter. Tatis had never hit a grand slam before in his career. Bill Mueller is the only player to hit grand slams from both sides of the plate in the same game, when he hit 2 on July 29, 2003 for the Boston Red Sox vs. the Texas Rangers. Robin Ventura is the only player to hit a grand slam in both games of

"Naruto: Shippuden (season 11)"
May 17, 2014. The season contains four musical themes between two openings and endings. The first opening theme, by 7!! is used from episodes 222 to 230. The second opening theme, ""newsong"" by tacica is used from episodes 231 onwards. The first ending theme, by OKAMOTO'S is used from episodes 222 to 230. The second ending theme, ""Place to Try"" by TOTALFAT is used from episodes 231 to 242. The fifth feature film, """" was released on July 27, 2011. The broadcast versions of the episodes 223 to 227 include scenes from the film in the opening themes, while retaining

"Naruto: Shippuden (season 19)"
Naruto: Shippuden (season 19) The episodes from the nineteenth season of the anime series """" are based on Part II for Masashi Kishimoto's manga series. The anime only season focuses on the Chūnin Exams occurring after Part I. The episodes are directed by Hayato Date, and produced by Studio Pierrot and TV Tokyo. The nineteenth season aired from January to May 2015. The season's collection in DVD started on September 2, 2015 under the title of . The season contains four musical themes: two openings and endings. The first opening theme, by KANA-BOON, is used from episode 394 to 405.

"Naruto: Shippuden (season 20)"
The DVD collection was released on February 3, 2017 under the title of . The season contains nine musical themes, including three openings and six endings. The first opening theme, by Yamazaru, is used from episode 414 to 431. The second opening theme, by Sukima Switch, is used from episode 432 to 458. The third opening theme, by Asian Kung-Fu Generation, is used from episode 459 to 479. The first ending theme, by sana, is used from episode 414 to 417. The second ending theme, by FLOW, is used from episode 418 to 431. The third ending theme, by KANIKAPILA,

Kemurikusa
Tatsuki and animated by Yaoyorozu. The other two members of irodori, Yoshihisa Isa and Yūko Shiromizu, will serve as animation director and art director, respectively, while Yoshitada Fukuhara serves as the animation producer. The series will premiere in January 2019, and will be broadcast on BS Fuji and other channels, while streaming on Amazon Video. Tatsuki posted a short ""episode 0.5"" on his Twitter account on September 30, 2018, and an ""episode 0.6"" on October 31, 2018. The series will premiere in January 9, 2019 on Tokyo MX and other channels. Nano will perform the series' opening theme song. The

Hanebado!
As of November 22, 2018, so far 14 volumes were released. An anime television series adaptation aired from July 2 to October 1, 2018, on Tokyo MX and other channels. It ran for 13 episodes. The series is directed by Shinpei Ezaki and written by Taku Kishimoto, with animation by Liden Films. Satoshi Kimura provided the character designs, and Tatsuya Kato composed the music. The opening theme is by Yurika, and the ending theme is by Yuiko Ōhara. The production was affected by the 2018 Hokkaido earthquake: the photography studio is located in Sapporo and was without power following the

"Naruto: Shippuden (season 17)"
Naruto: Shippuden (season 17) The episodes for the seventeenth season of the anime series """" are based on Part II for Masashi Kishimoto's manga series. The season continues with the repentant Sasuke Uchiha joining with the allied shinobi forces to battle against Madara and Obito. The episodes are directed by Hayato Date, and produced by Studio Pierrot and TV Tokyo. The season aired from May to August 2014. The DVD collection was released on January 7, 2015 under the title of . The season contains three musical themes, including one opening and two endings. The opening theme, by DOES, is

"Senran Kagura"
streamed it as it aired and released it on home video in 2014. A second season of the anime series was announced in August 2017. The season, titled ""Senran Kagura Shinovi Master -Tokyo Yōma-hen-"", is directed by Tetsuya Yanagisawa and produced by TNK, with scripts written by Yukinori Kitajima and character designs handled by Junji Goto. The season premiered in October 12, 2018 on AT-X, Tokyo MX, and BS11. The opening theme, ""Scarlet Master"" is performed by Sayaka Sasaki, while the ending theme, ""Junsei Erotic"" is performed by Mia REGINA. Crunchyroll will stream the series with Funimation streaming the simuldub.

"Hinako Note"
Alive"", later it became independent of ""Comic Alive"" and changed to a formal magazine on August 27, 2015. ""Hinako Note"" is also available on Kadokawa Corporation's ""ComicWalker"" website. Four ""tankōbon"" volumes of the manga were released between August 27, 2015 and May 27, 2017. An anime television series adaptation by Passione was announced. The series is directed by Toru Kitahata, with Takeo Takahashi credited as chief director. The anime aired in Japan between April 7, 2017 and June 23, 2017 and was simulcast by Crunchyroll. The series ran for 12 episodes. The opening and ending themes respectively are and ,

Doreiku
2014. An anime television series adaptation of Ōishi's manga was announced on October 7, 2017. Ryōichi Kuraya directed and wrote the series, and animation was provided by Zero-G and TNK. Junji Goto provided character designs for the series as well as serving as chief animation director. The series premiered on April 13, 2018, and was broadcast on Tokyo MX and BS11. Netflix will stream the series in Japan. The opening theme is by Shōgo Sakamoto and the ending theme is ""BJ"" by Pile. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the series and is simulcasting it on Hidive. As of December 2017, the

"Naruto: Shippuden (season 21)"
Naruto: Shippuden (season 21) The episodes for the twenty-first and final season of the anime series """" are based on Part II of Masashi Kishimoto's manga series. While the first four episodes deal with the childhood of some main characters, the rest of the season covers the events of , , and . The episodes are directed by Hayato Date, and produced by Studio Pierrot and TV Tokyo. The season aired October 20, 2016 to March 23, 2017. The season contains three musical themes, including one opening and two endings. The first opening theme, by Anly, is used from episode

"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)"
mental disorders, dysfunctional families, suicide, poverty, homophobia, and drunk driving. The first season was filmed in Hammond, Louisiana. This locale was selected by executive producer Juanita Bartlett to represent the small southern town of Sparta, Mississippi. Actually, the producers had difficulty finding filming locations that were usable, because other, more modern structures were close enough to be picked up in the images. Eight episodes were filmed—the two-hour pilot movie and six regular one-hour episodes. The series premiered on March 6, 1988, with the season finale airing May 3, 1988. Many conflicts arose between Juanita Bartlett and series star Carroll O'Connor

of Hammond. She said, ""My high school was bigger than this town"". Season two premiered on December 4, 1988 due to a writers strike; the season introduced a new look and set of executive producers, with on-location shooting moved from Louisiana to Covington, Georgia. The season premiere was aired as a two-hour TV-movie, ""Don't Look Back""; the plot revolved around a copycat murder of one that Gillespie had investigated 20 years earlier. Also introduced were two new regular characters—Joanne St. John (played by Lois Nettleton), the chief's sometime girlfriend and owner of the local diner, ""The Magnolia Cafe""; and Officer

episode is excluded from Season 6: Random's Child and the following episodes are excluded from Season 7: Singin' The Blues, Every Man's Family, Maybelle Returns, Ches and the Grand Lady, Dangerous Engagement. The television series also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta, Mississippi. While there is a real Sparta, the version of Sparta shown on television is very different from the real town. For example, the TV Sparta is situated along Interstate 20, while the real town is nowhere near any interstate. During the first season, Hammond, Louisiana was the site of the show's production. In the second

season, the show was moved to Georgia, to an area east of Atlanta and it remained there for the rest of its run. The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington, Georgia. Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area, in the Georgia counties of Newton (where Covington is located), Rockdale, Walton, Morgan, and Jasper. Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand-in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson, and Atlanta itself was used in one episode, in which Bubba worked on a case there. In fact, during the series' run, many

"In the Heat of the Night (film)"
The film was followed by two sequels, ""They Call Me Mister Tibbs!"" in 1970, and ""The Organization"" in 1971. In 1988, it also became the basis of a television series adaptation of the same name. Although the film was set in the fictional Mississippi town of Sparta (with supposedly no connection to the real Sparta, Mississippi), most of the movie was filmed in Sparta, Illinois, where many of the film's landmarks can still be seen. The quote ""They call me ""Mister Tibbs!"" was listed as number 16 on the American Film Institute's ""100 Years...100 Movie Quotes"", a list of top

film quotes. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". In 1966, a wealthy industrialist named Phillip Colbert has moved from Chicago to Sparta, Mississippi to build a factory. One night, police officer Sam Wood discovers that Colbert has been murdered. Chief Gillespie leads the investigation. A doctor estimates that Colbert had been dead for a few hours. Wood finds a black man named Virgil Tibbs at the train station and arrests him. Gillespie quickly assumes that Tibbs is the culprit

"Heat of the Sun"
joint production between Carlton Productions and WGBH Boston. The series was shot on location in Zimbabwe, with Ted Childs (Carlton) and Rebecca Eaton (WGBH) acting as executive producers. Ann Tricklebank (Carlton) served as series producer. Russell Lewis penned the episodes ""Private Lives,"" and ""The Sport of Kings"", while fellow creator Timothy Prager penned the episode ""Hide in Plain Sight"". Adrian Shergold directed ""Private Lives"", Diarmuid Lawrence directed ""Hide in Plain Sight"", and Paul Seed directed ""The Sport of Kings"". In the United States, the series aired on the PBS as part of their ""Mystery!"" anthology strand. ""Hide in Plain Sight""

"Night Heat"
Hollywood-standard 35mm film, giving the series a grainy, documentary-style look. Much of the show was shot at the site of the former Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, which served as the series' police station; described as a ""grim and forbidding setting,"" the hospital fit in with the gritty look that the show's producer, Robert Lantos wanted. Filming a police drama aimed at both Canadian and American audiences in an unidentified city presented a unique set of challenges: The crew had to avoid capturing shots of landmarks and other objects that would give away that it was not an American city, such as

"Heat (1995 film)"
of Hanna and McCauley, respectively, and they both immediately agreed to act. Mann assigned Janice Polley, a former collaborator on ""The Last of the Mohicans"", as the film's location manager. Scouting locations lasted from August to December 1994. Mann requested locations which did not appear on film before, in which Polley was successful – fewer than 10 of the 85 filming locations were previously used. The most challenging shooting location proved to be Los Angeles International Airport, with the film crew almost missing out due to a threat to the airport by the Unabomber. To make the long shootout more

In the Heat of the Night (TV series) In the Heat of the Night is an American drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title. It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief William Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs, and was broadcast on NBC from March 6, 1988 until May 19, 1992, then on CBS from October 28, 1992 until May 16, 1995. Its executive producers were Fred Silverman, Juanita Bartlett and O'Connor. In the premiere episode, Philadelphia detective Virgil Tibbs has returned to his fictional home town of

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series)"
of 2–4 permanent judges, supplemented by occasional guest judges, with the panel sometimes ballooning up to twice or more its normal size for callback episodes or season finales. Executive producer an co-creator of the show Nigel Lythgoe is the only judge to have sat as a permanent member of the panel across all seasons, although ballroom specialist Mary Murphy has also sat as a permanent member of the panel in seven seasons. Other permanent judges have included film director and choreographer Adam Shankman, contemporary choreographer Mia Michaels, pop music and dance icon Paula Abdul, noted youth dancer Maddie Ziegler, music

and dance artist Jason Derulo, and successful show alumni and season 4 runner-up Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss. Many earlier seasons frequently featured guest judges in occasional episodes, though this practice has become increasingly rare. These guest judge positions have typically been filled by choreographers who work regularly on the show (who in rare cases may also be former contestants themselves) and by iconic names from the entertainment industry. Guest judges for the show have included: Debbie Allen, Christina Applegate, Robin Antin, Toni Basil, Cicely Bradley, Kristin Chenoweth, Misty Copeland, Alex Da Silva, Ellen DeGeneres, Tyce Diorio, Joey Dowling, Napoleon and Tabitha

D'umo, Carmen Electra, Brian Friedman, Jean-Marc Généreux, Jason Gilkison, Neil Patrick Harris, Hi-Hat, Katie Holmes, Dan Karaty, Lady Gaga, Carly Rae Jepsen, Lil' C, Rob Marshall, Mandy Moore, Megan Mullally, Kenny Ortega, Toni Redpath, Debbie Reynolds, Wade Robson, Doriana Sanchez, Shane Sparks, Sonya Tayeh, Olisa Thompson, Stacey Tookey, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, and Travis Wall. † From its inception in season 6 and through season 10, the dancer showcase episode represented a non-competitive round with no viewer voting or subsequent eliminations, followed the next week by the first competitive round. In season 11 it was the first episode of the season

American news personality Lauren Sánchez. Since the second season, it has been hosted by former British children's television personality and game show emcee Cat Deeley. The show features a format wherein dancers trained in a variety of dance genres enter open auditions held in a number of major U.S. cities to showcase their talents and move forward through successive additional rounds of auditions to test their ability to adapt to different styles. At the end of this process, a small number of dancers are chosen as finalists. These dancers move on to the competition's main phase, where they perform solo,

"So You Think You Can Dance (UK TV series)"
show. ""So You Think You Can Dance"" is hosted by British entertainer Cat Deeley, also the host of the U.S. version since season 2. In the initial televised audition phase of the show, contestants dance in front of the judges – Nigel Lythgoe, Louise Redknapp, Arlene Phillips and Sisco Gomez – in the hope of getting through to the ""choreography camp"" round. After a further selection process, the judges decide who they would like to perform during the live finals of the competition, during which the public vote for their favourite act following a weekly live performance by a celebrity

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 12)"
won the competition and made history by becoming the first tap dancer to win the title. Auditions were held in Dallas TX, Detroit MI, Los Angeles CA, Memphis TN and New York NY. Series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe returned as a member of the permanent judging panel, along with new permanent members Paula Abdul and Jason Derulo. The Team Captains, Travis Wall for Team Stage and tWitch for Team Street, were consulted on the selections for each team during the Vegas Call Backs. Mary Murphy, who was a permanent judge in seasons 3 through 6 and seasons 8

and New York, have featured in most seasons. During this stage, dancers perform a brief routine (typically a solo, but duet and group routines are allowed as well) before a panel of dance experts, usually headed by series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe. This panel then decides on-the-spot whether the dancer demonstrated enough ability and performance value to proceed further. If the dancer exhibited exceptional ability in their performance, judges award ""a ticket to Vegas"" (or in more recent seasons ""a ticket to the Academy""), moving them instantly one step forward in the competition. Alternatively, if judges are on

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 5)"
by Kelly Clarkson. The song for the eliminated male contestants was ""On Your Own"" by Green River Ordinance. ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Adam Shankman ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Lil' C ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Toni Basil ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Mia Michaels ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Tyce Diorio ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Debbie Allen ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Ellen DeGeneres, Mary Murphy, Mia Michaels ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Lil' C Solos: ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Adam Shankman Solos: ""Judges:"" only Debbie Allen and Mary Murphy ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Mia Michaels Judges:

show, during the absence of Lythgoe. Disc jockey and TV presenter, Cat Deeley, who also hosts the American original signed on to present the UK version in both series. The shows executive producers are former judge and creator Nigel Lythgoe and Claire Bridgham, and the producers of the show are Anna Meadows and Gareth Davies. The preliminary auditions for the first series of the show were held in major cities throughout the UK in October 2009. Participants for the show had to be aged between 18 and 35 and could be amateur dancers or professionals who are not currently engaged

many different subgenres of hip-hop (locking and popping, for example) and various ""street"" styles (such as ""breaking),"" they are typically all labelled under the umbrella term of ""hip-hop."" An exception is the now frequently featured ""lyrical hip-hop"", which is unique amongst all the styles on SYTYCD in that it is the only one that is held to have become a known distinct style at least in-part as a result of the show; the style is widely attributed to regular show choreographers Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo and the term itself to judge Adam Shankman. These two broad categories are occasionally supplemented

"British megalith architecture"
have endemic megalith types, but they also usually have unique examples (e.g. the chamber tomb of Glyn) as well as forms that they share with one or two neighbouring regions. Exemplary in this respect are the ""cruciform passage"" sites of the Maes Howe type on Orkney (in Ireland e.g. Knowth and Newgrange), whose distribution extends as far as the Scilly Isles and Devonshire in England. In addition to the great wealth of variety in Scotland, favoured by its geography, there are also sites on the Scottish islands with individual characteristics. Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology

Megalith
whereas Moses erected twelve pillars symbolizing the tribes of Israel. The tradition of venerating (standing) stones continued in Nabatean times and is reflected in, e.g., the Islamic rituals surrounding the Kaaba and nearby pillars. Related phenomena, such as cupholes, rock-cut tombs and circles also occur in the Middle East. The most common type of megalithic construction in Europe is the portal tomb – a chamber consisting of upright stones (orthostats) with one or more large flat capstones forming a roof. Many of these, though by no means all, contain human remains, but it is debatable whether use as burial sites

Megalith
was their primary function. The megalithic structures of Malta are believed to be the oldest in Europe, in particular Skorba Temples. Though generally known as ""dolmens"", the term most accepted by archaeologists is ""portal tomb"". However many local names exist, such as ""anta"" in Galicia and Portugal, ""stazzone"" in Sardinia, ""hunebed"" in the Netherlands, ""Hünengrab"" in Germany, ""dysse"" in Denmark, and ""cromlech"" in Wales. It is assumed that most portal tombs were originally covered by earthen mounds. The second-most-common tomb type is the passage grave. It normally consists of a square, circular, or cruciform chamber with a slabbed or corbelled

Megalith
Anglesey. There are also extensive grave sites with up to 60 megaliths at Louisenlund and Gryet on the Danish island of Bornholm. Despite its name, the Stone Tomb in Ukraine was not a tomb but rather a sanctuary. In association with the megalithic constructions across Europe, there are often large earthworks of various designs – ditches and banks (like the Dorset Cursus), broad terraces, circular enclosures known as henges, and frequently artificial mounds such as Silbury Hill in England and Monte d'Accoddi in Sardinia (the prehistoric step pyramid) . A lot of spirals are found through of Sardinia: the best

England. The north-south boundary between earthen sites and stone sites in England and Scotland is crossed at three points to the east by the seven different types of megalith site types (in the so-called mixed regions). The activities of megalithic cultures in the region dates back to prehistoric times. There are many parallels between the prehistoric architecture of Ireland and the now British regions of Cornwall (including the Isles of Scilly), the Isle of Man, Wales and Scotland; but there are somewhat greater differences between those and the sites in England and, particularly, the Channel Islands. Although almost all regions

Megalith
stone circles are also found in the rest of Europe. The circle at Lough Gur, near Limerick in Ireland has been dated to the Beaker period, approximately contemporaneous with Stonehenge. The stone circles are assumed to be of later date than the tombs, straddling the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages. Megalithic tombs are aboveground burial chambers, built of large stone slabs (megaliths) laid on edge and covered with earth or other, smaller stones. They are a type of chamber tomb, and the term is used to describe the structures built across Atlantic Europe, the Mediterranean, and neighbouring regions, mostly during

"Megalithic art"
rare in Central Europe. The gallery grave at Züschen in Germany is an intriguing exception, as it appears to mix motifs known from the west European megalithic tradition with others more familiar from alpine Rock art. As well as abstract or geometric art, some carvings are considered to represent tools, weapons, animals, human figures, deities or idols. The gallery graves of the Seine-Oise-Marne culture such as that at Courjeonnet have images of axes, breasts and necklaces carved on their walls. The meaning of some of these is disputed. For instance, some of the tombs in the valley of the Petit

Megalith
France, is very common throughout Europe, where some 50,000 examples have been noted. Some of these are thought to have an astronomical function as a marker or foresight. In some areas, long and complex alignments of such stones exist, the largest known example being located at Carnac in Brittany, France. In parts of Britain and Ireland a relatively common type of megalithic construction is the stone circle, of which examples include Stonehenge, Avebury, Ring of Brodgar and Beltany. These, too, display evidence of astronomical alignments, both solar and lunar. Stonehenge, for example, is famous for its solstice alignment. Examples of

British megalith architecture British megalith architecture is the study of those ancient cultures that built megalithic sites on the British Isles, including the research and documentation of these sites. The classification sometimes used of these cultures based on geological criteria is problematic. The neolithic sites of Britain are amongst the most varied in the prehistory of Europe. Although (geologically) different from ""megalithic"" sites, the earthen long barrows in East England are grouped with them from a cultural historical perspective. The Medway tombs and the Derbyshire chamber tombs (Five Wells) occupy a special position as examples of megalithic sites in East

"Megalithic entrance"
common the aim of sealing the structure that its re-opening was possible under difficult but manageable conditions by the tribal community. In general the following forms of entrance may be differentiated: Simple dolmens (upper image) Dolmens (except No. 4) Passage graves (lower image) Gallery graves and stone cists Variation 7 has its focus in the Swedish Bohuslän (Dolmen of Haga). The stones forming the entrance were so selected or fashioned that together they form a triangular entrance (top left). This special form, which effectively replaces the lintel, is also found in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon, e.g. at the dolmen of

"The Dark Side of the Moon"
with ""Eclipse"", which espouses the concepts of alterity and unity, while forcing the listener to recognise the common traits shared by humanity. The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, in two sessions, between May 1972 and January 1973. The band were assigned staff engineer Alan Parsons, who had worked as assistant tape operator on ""Atom Heart Mother"", and who had also gained experience as a recording engineer on the Beatles' ""Abbey Road"" and ""Let It Be"". The recording sessions made use of some of the most advanced studio techniques of the time; the studio was capable of 16-track mixes,

The album contains musique concrète on several tracks. Each side of the album is a continuous piece of music. The five tracks on each side reflect various stages of human life, beginning and ending with a heartbeat, exploring the nature of the human experience, and (according to Waters) ""empathy"". ""Speak to Me"" and ""Breathe"" together stress the mundane and futile elements of life that accompany the ever-present threat of madness, and the importance of living one's own life – ""Don't be afraid to care"". By shifting the scene to an airport, the synthesizer-driven instrumental ""On the Run"" evokes the stress

a prism spectrum, representing the band's lighting and the record's themes. ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" produced two singles: ""Money"" and ""Us and Them"". The album topped the ""Billboard"" chart for a week, and remained on the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. Following a change in how ""Billboard"" counts sales in 2009, it re-entered the chart and has since appeared for over 900 weeks. With estimated sales of over 45 million, it is Pink Floyd's bestselling album and one of the bestselling worldwide. It has been remastered and rereleased several times, and covered in its entirety

The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. It built on ideas explored in Pink Floyd's earlier recordings and performances, but without the extended instrumentals that characterised their earlier work. A concept album, its themes explore conflict, greed, time, and mental illness, the latter partly inspired by the deteriorating health of founding member Syd Barrett, who left in 1968. Developed during live performances, Pink Floyd premiered an early version of ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" several

"Lunar phase"
can vary from 0% (at new moon) to 100% (at full moon). The lunar terminator is the boundary between the illuminated and darkened hemispheres. Each of the four ""intermediate"" lunar phases (see below) is around 7.4 days, but this varies slightly due to the elliptical shape of the Moon's orbit. Aside from some craters near the lunar poles, such as Shoemaker, all parts of the Moon see around 14.77 days of daylight, followed by 14.77 days of ""night"". (The side of the Moon facing away from Earth is sometimes called the ""dark side of the Moon"", although that is a

""Money"" became the most commercially successful track, and has been covered by several acts. ""Us and Them"" addresses the isolation of the depressed with the symbolism of conflict and the use of simple dichotomies to describe personal relationships. ""Any Colour You Like"" concerns the lack of choice one has in a human society. ""Brain Damage"" looks at a mental illness resulting from the elevation of fame and success above the needs of the self; in particular, the line ""and if the band you're in starts playing different tunes"" reflects the mental breakdown of former bandmate Syd Barrett. The album ends

which offered a greater degree of flexibility than the eight- or four-track mixes they had previously used, although the band often used so many tracks that to make more space available second-generation copies were made. Beginning on 1 June, the first track to be recorded was ""Us and Them"", followed six days later by ""Money"". Waters had created effects loops from recordings of various money-related objects, including coins thrown into a food-mixing bowl taken from his wife's pottery studio, and these were later re-recorded to take advantage of the band's decision to record a quadraphonic mix of the album (Parsons

light band emanating from the prism on the album cover has six colours, missing indigo compared to the traditional division of the spectrum into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Inside the sleeve were two posters and two pyramid-themed stickers. One poster bore pictures of the band in concert, overlaid with scattered letters to form PINK FLOYD, and the other an infrared photograph of the Great Pyramids of Giza, created by Powell and Thorgerson. The band were so confident of the quality of Waters' lyrics that, for the first time, they printed them on the album's sleeve. As

and anxiety of modern travel, in particular Wright's fear of flying. ""Time"" examines the manner in which its passage can control one's life and offers a stark warning to those who remain focused on mundane aspects; it is followed by a retreat into solitude and withdrawal in ""Breathe (Reprise)"". The first side of the album ends with Wright and vocalist Clare Torry's soulful metaphor for death, ""The Great Gig in the Sky"". Opening with the sound of cash registers and loose change, the first track on side two, ""Money"", mocks greed and consumerism using tongue-in-cheek lyrics and cash-related sound effects.

"Pink Moon"
Drake on vocals, acoustic guitar and a brief piano riff overdubbed onto the title track. Released two years before Drake's death in November 1974, at the age of twenty-six, the lyrical content of ""Pink Moon"" has often been attributed to Drake's ongoing battle with depression. The songs are shorter than on his previous albums, with a total album running time of just over twenty-eight minutes. ""Pink Moon"", like Drake's previous studio albums, did not sell well during his lifetime, but has since garnered significant critical acclaim. Nick Drake's first two albums with Island Records, ""Five Leaves Left"" (1969) and ""Bryter

"History of India"
Classical period begins after the decline of the Maurya Empire, and the corresponding rise of the Shunga dynasty and Satavahana dynasty. The Gupta Empire (4th–6th century) is regarded as the ""Golden Age"" of Hinduism, although a host of kingdoms ruled over India in these centuries. Also, the Sangam literature flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE in southern India. During this period, India's economy is estimated to have been the largest in the world, having between one-third and one-quarter of the world's wealth, from 1 CE to 1000 CE. The Shungas originated from Magadha, and controlled

the world economy, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output. The economic and demographic upsurge was stimulated by Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production, a proto-industrializing economy that began moving towards industrial manufacturing, and a relatively high degree of urbanization for its time. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji. Historian Sir. J.N. Sarkar wrote ""All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now, but in reality all was lost.""

"Medieval India"
lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Mughal era, from the 16th century to the 18th century, is often referred to as the early modern period, but is sometimes also included in the 'late medieval' period. An alternative definition, often seen in those more recent authors who still use the term at all, brings the start of the medieval period forward, either to about 1000 CE, or to the 12th century. The end may be pushed back to the 18th century, making the period in effect that between

"Ancient history"
later 2nd millennium BC. ""Ancient India"" is usually taken to refer to the ""golden age"" of classical Indian culture, as reflected in Sanskrit literature, beginning around 500 BC with the sixteen monarchies and 'republics' known as the Mahajanapadas, stretched across the Indo-Gangetic plains from modern-day Afghanistan to Bangladesh. The largest of these nations were Magadha, Kosala, Kuru and Gandhara. Notably, the great epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata are rooted in this classical period.Amongst the sixteen Mahajanapadas, the kingdom of Magadha rose to prominence under a number of dynasties that peaked in power under the reign of Ashoka Maurya one of

systems for irrigation. The empire's patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music evolved into its current form. The Vijayanagara Empire created an epoch in South Indian history that transcended regionalism by promoting Hinduism as a unifying factor. The empire reached its peak during the rule of Sri Krishnadevaraya when Vijayanagara armies were consistently victorious. The empire annexed areas formerly under the Sultanates in the northern Deccan and the territories in the eastern Deccan, including Kalinga, while simultaneously maintaining control over all its subordinates in the south. Many important

subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BCE onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Tamil Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BCE and was exported to foreign countries. During the Classical period, various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or ""Golden Age of India"". During

a two-storied ""Dhavalagriha"" (White Mansion). Early medieval India began after the end of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE. This period also covers the ""Late Classical Age"" of Hinduism, which began after the end of the Gupta Empire, and the collapse of the Empire of Harsha in the 7th century CE; the beginning of Imperial Kannauj, leading to the Tripartite struggle; and ended in the 13th century with the rise of the Delhi Sultanate in Northern India and the end of the Later Cholas with the death of Rajendra Chola III in 1279 in Southern India; however some

less followed his father's policy. The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600. The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal era is considered to be ""India's last golden age"". It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, and surpassed China to be become the world's largest economic power, controlling 24.4% of

Empire
appeared the Maurya Empire—a geographically extensive and powerful empire, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321–185 BC. The empire was founded in 322 BC by Chandragupta Maurya, who rapidly expanded his power westward across central and western India, taking advantage of the disruptions of local powers following the withdrawal by Alexander the Great. By 320 BC, the Maurya Empire had fully occupied northwestern India as well as defeating and conquering the satraps left by Alexander. Under Emperor Asoka the Great, the Maurya Empire became the first Indian empire to conquer the whole Indian Peninsula — an achievement repeated only twice,

religion and literature. In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India. The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. Vast areas between the Narmada River in the north and Kaveri River in the south came under Chalukya control. During this period the other major ruling families of the Deccan, the Hoysalas, the Seuna

"Robinson (name)"
Anglicization of such Jewish surnames as Rabinowitz and Rubinstein. Robinson, the compound word, is a rare given name, while its derivative, Robin, has the distinction of being both a masculine and feminine given name. Robinson (name) Robinson is an English language patronymic surname, originating in England. It means ""son of Robin (a diminutive of Robert)"". There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson. Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom. According to the 1990 United States Census, Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported, accounting for 0.23% of the population.

Robinson (name) Robinson is an English language patronymic surname, originating in England. It means ""son of Robin (a diminutive of Robert)"". There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson. Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom. According to the 1990 United States Census, Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported, accounting for 0.23% of the population. In Ireland, Robinson is only really common in Ulster. The two names had been used interchangeably in some areas of the province around the beginning of the 20th century. It can also be an

Robinsonade
Robinsonade Robinsonade () is a literary genre that takes its name from the 1719 novel ""Robinson Crusoe"" by Daniel Defoe. The success of this novel spawned so many imitations that its name was used to define a genre, which is sometimes described simply as a ""desert island story"" or a ""castaway narrative"". The word ""robinsonade"" was coined by the German writer Johann Gottfried Schnabel in the Preface of his 1731 work ""Die Insel Felsenburg"" (""The Island Stronghold""). It is often viewed as a subgenre of survivalist fiction. ""Robinson Crusoe"" and ""robinsonades"" share plot elements with William Shakespeare's ""The Tempest"", but

"The Swiss Family Robinson"
The Swiss Family Robinson The Swiss Family Robinson (German: ""Der Schweizerische Robinson"") is a novel by Johann David Wyss, first published in 1812, about a Swiss family shipwrecked in the East Indies en route to Port Jackson, Australia. Written by Swiss pastor Johann David Wyss, edited by his son Johann Rudolf Wyss and illustrated by another son, Johann Emmanuel Wyss, the novel was intended to teach his four sons about family values, good husbandry, the uses of the natural world and self-reliance. Wyss' attitude toward education is in line with the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and many chapters involve Christian-oriented

sequels Film versions Television series Made for TV movies Comic book series Stage adaptations Computer adventure game Parody The Swiss Family Robinson The Swiss Family Robinson (German: ""Der Schweizerische Robinson"") is a novel by Johann David Wyss, first published in 1812, about a Swiss family shipwrecked in the East Indies en route to Port Jackson, Australia. Written by Swiss pastor Johann David Wyss, edited by his son Johann Rudolf Wyss and illustrated by another son, Johann Emmanuel Wyss, the novel was intended to teach his four sons about family values, good husbandry, the uses of the natural world and self-reliance.

"Friday (Robinson Crusoe)"
it and may have popularised it. Friday's relationship with Robinson Crusoe has been the subject of academic analysis. Friday (Robinson Crusoe) Friday is one of the main characters of Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel ""Robinson Crusoe"". Robinson Crusoe names the man Friday, with whom he cannot at first communicate, because they first meet on that day. The character is the source of the expression ""Man Friday"", used to describe a male personal assistant or servant, especially one who is particularly competent or loyal. Current usage also includes ""Girl Friday"". It is possible that a Misquito pirate by the name of Will

"Robinson Crusoe"
family name corrupted from the German name ""Kreutznaer"") set sail from Kingston upon Hull on a sea voyage in August 1651, against the wishes of his parents, who wanted him to pursue a career in law. After a tumultuous journey where his ship is wrecked in a storm, his lust for the sea remains so strong that he sets out to sea again. This journey, too, ends in disaster, as the ship is taken over by Salé pirates (the Salé Rovers) and Crusoe is enslaved by a Moor. Two years later, he escapes in a boat with a boy named

"Johann David Wyss"
Johann David Wyss Johann David Wyss (; May 28, 1743, Bern – January 11, 1818, Bern) was a Swiss author, best remembered for his book ""The Swiss Family Robinson"" (""Der schweizerische Robinson"") (1812). It is said that he was inspired by Daniel Defoe's ""Robinson Crusoe"", but wanted to write a story from which his own children would learn, as the father in the story taught important lessons to his children. ""The Swiss Family Robinson"" was first published in German in 1812 and translated into English two years later. It has since become one of the most popular books of all

"Daniel Defoe"
his memory in 1870. Defoe is known to have used at least 198 pen names. Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (; c. 1660 – 24 April 1731), born Daniel Foe, was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel ""Robinson Crusoe"", which is second only to the Bible in its number of translations. He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts and often was in trouble

Friday (Robinson Crusoe) Friday is one of the main characters of Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel ""Robinson Crusoe"". Robinson Crusoe names the man Friday, with whom he cannot at first communicate, because they first meet on that day. The character is the source of the expression ""Man Friday"", used to describe a male personal assistant or servant, especially one who is particularly competent or loyal. Current usage also includes ""Girl Friday"". It is possible that a Misquito pirate by the name of Will became the inspiration for the character ""Friday"". Robinson Crusoe spends twenty-eight years on an island off the coast

at the University of Pennsylvania. Franklin Field would seat over 60,000 for the Eagles, whereas Connie Mack had a capacity of 39,000. The stadium switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969. It was the first NFL stadium to use artificial turf. In 1960, the Eagles won their third NFL championship, under the leadership of future Pro Football Hall of Famers Norm Van Brocklin and Chuck Bednarik; the head coach was Buck Shaw. The 1960 Eagles, by a score of 17–13, became the only team to defeat Vince Lombardi and his Green Bay Packers in the playoffs. The Eagles had a

franchises. Drawing inspiration from the Blue Eagle insignia of the National Recovery Administration—the centerpiece of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal—Bell and Wray named the new franchise the Philadelphia Eagles. Neither the Eagles nor the NFL officially regard the two franchises as the same, citing the aforementioned period of dormancy. Furthermore, almost no Yellow Jackets players were on the Eagles' first roster. The Eagles, along with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the now-defunct Cincinnati Reds, joined the NFL as expansion teams. In 1937, the Eagles moved to Shibe Park (renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1954) and played their home games at

"History of the Philadelphia Eagles"
Hall of Famer, Greasy Neale. In 1931, Philadelphia's NFL franchise, the Frankford Yellow Jackets, who had won the NFL Championship in 1926, went bankrupt and ceased operations midway through the season. After more than a year searching for a suitable replacement, the NFL granted an expansion franchise to a syndicate headed by former University of Pennsylvania teammates Lud Wray and Bert Bell. In exchange for an entry fee of $2,500, the Bell-Wray group was awarded the assets of the failed Yellow Jackets organization. Drawing inspiration from the insignia of the centerpiece of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, specifically the

Eagles tied for first place with an 11-5 record and Wilbert Montgomery shattered club rushing records with a total of 1,512 yards, the Eagles were poised to join the NFL elite. In 1980, the team, led by coach Dick Vermeil, quarterback Ron Jaworski, running back Wilbert Montgomery, wide receiver Harold Carmichael, and linebacker Bill Bergey, dominated the NFC, facing its chief nemesis, the Dallas Cowboys, in the NFC Championship. The game was played in cold conditions in front of the Birds' faithful fans at Veterans Stadium. Led by an incredible rushing performance from Montgomery, whose long cutback TD run in

head coach Dick Vermeil and quarterback Ron Jaworski led the team to four consecutive playoff appearances. Vermeil's 1980 team won their first NFC East title. They were matched up against their hated rival the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Championship game, which they won 20–7. However, the Eagles lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV in 1981. The following year, the Eagles were eliminated in the wildcard round at home against the New York Giants. In the aftermath of the disappointing and strike-shortened season of 1982, head coach Dick Vermeil resigned, claiming that he was ""burned out"". Vermeil

National Recovery Act's ""blue eagle,"" Bell and Wray named the new franchise the Philadelphia Eagles, with Bell as president and general manager and Wray as head coach. Neither the Eagles nor the NFL officially regard the two franchises as the same, citing the aforementioned period of dormancy. The Eagles simply inherited the NFL rights to the Philadelphia area. Further, Wray and Bell assembled an almost entirely new team; only a single player from the 1931 Yellow Jackets ended up with the 1933 Eagles. The new team played its first game on October 15, 1933, against the New York Giants at

of operations in 1931. The Eagles beat Detroit, 56–21. The Eagles wear their white jerseys at home for preseason games and daytime games in the first half of the regular season from September to mid-October when the temperature is warmer. In night contests in the first half of the regular season, the Eagles do not need to wear white at home since the temperature is cooler. However, there have been exceptions, such as the home opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2003 and the Washington Redskins in 2007 that were played at night. In late October or beginning in

cities. Since NFL franchises are territorial rights distinct from individual corporate entities, the NFL does not consider this a franchise move and considers the current Philadelphia Eagles as a single unbroken entity from 1933. After assuming ownership, Thompson promptly hired Greasy Neale as the team's head coach. In its first years under Neale, the team continued to struggle. In 1943, when manpower shortages stemming from World War II made it impossible to fill the roster, the team temporarily merged with the Steelers to form a team popularly known as the ""Steagles."" The merger, never intended as a permanent arrangement, was

"Batting average (cricket)"
are usually subject to a minimum qualification of 20 innings played or completed, in order to exclude batsmen who have not played enough games for their skill to be reliably assessed. Under this qualification, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australia's Sir Donald Bradman, with 99.94. Given that a career batting average over 50 is exceptional, and that only five other players have averages over 60, this is an outstanding statistic. The fact that Bradman's average is so far above that of ""any"" other cricketer has led several statisticians to argue that, statistically at least, he was the greatest

"Bowling average"
were underprepared. For me, as a bowler, it was great."" Due to the varying restrictions placed on the records by different statisticians, the record for the lowest career bowling average can be different from publication to publication. In Test cricket, George Lohmann is listed as having the superior average by each of the ""Wisden Cricketers' Almanack"", ESPNcricinfo and CricketArchive. Though all three use different restrictions, Lohmann's average of 10.75 is considered the best. If no qualification criteria were applied at all, three players—Wilf Barber, A. N. Hornby and Bruce Murray—would tie for the best average, all having claimed just one

athlete in any sport. Disregarding this 20 innings qualification, the highest career test batting average is 112, by Andy Ganteaume, a Trinidadian Keeper-batsman, who was dismissed for 112 in his only test innings. Batting averages in One Day International (ODI) cricket tend to be lower than in Test cricket, because of the need to score runs more quickly and take riskier strokes and the lesser emphasis on building a large innings. It should also be remembered, especially in relation to the ODI histogram above, that there were no ODI competitions when Bradman played. If a batter has been dismissed in

wicket in Test matches, without conceding any runs, thus averaging zero. In One Day Internationals, the varying criteria set by ESPNcricinfo and CricketArchive result in different players being listed as holding the record. ESPNcricinfo has the stricter restriction, requiring 1,000 deliveries: by this measure, Joel Garner is the record-holder, having claimed his wickets at an average of 18.84. By CricketArchive's more relaxed requirement of 400 deliveries, John Snow leads the way, with an average of 16.57. The record is again split for the two websites for Twenty20 International cricket; in this situation ESPNcricinfo has the lower boundary, requiring just 30

strongly affected by the number of not outs. For example, Phil Tufnell, who was noted for his poor batting, has an apparently respectable ODI average of 15 (from 20 games), despite a highest score of only 5 not out, as he scored an overall total of 15 runs from 10 innings, but was out only once. A batter who has not been dismissed in any of the innings over which their average is being calculated does not have a batting average, as dividing by zero does not give a result. Highest career batting averages in Test matches as follows: Source:

"Batting average"
player's skill as a batter. Most players have career batting averages in the range of 20 to 40. Among players with a minimum of 20 innings played or completed, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australia's Sir Donald Bradman, with 99.94. In baseball, the batting average (BA) is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three decimal places and read without the decimal: A player with a batting average of .300 is ""batting three-hundred."" In modern times, a season batting average higher than .300 is considered to be excellent, and an

this, qualification caveats are generally applied to determine career records for bowling averages. After applying these criteria, George Lohmann holds the record for the lowest average in Test cricket, having claimed 112 wickets at an average of 10.75 runs per wicket. A cricketer's bowling average is calculated by dividing the numbers of runs they have conceded by the number of wickets they have taken. The number of runs conceded by a bowler is determined as the total number of runs that the opposing side have scored while the bowler was bowling, excluding any byes, leg byes, or penalty runs. The

balls to have been bowled. George O'Brien's average of 8.20 holds the record using those criteria, but the stricter 200 deliveries required by CricketArchive results in Andre Botha being listed as the superior, averaging 8.76. The variations continue in women's international cricket; ESPNcricinfo list Betty Wilson as having the best Test average with 11.80, while CricketArchive accept Mary Spear's average of 5.78. In women's One Day International cricket, Caroline Barrs tops the CricketArchive list with an average of 9.52, but by ESPNcricinfo's stricter guidelines, the record is instead held by Gill Smith's 12.53. Domestically, the records for first-class cricket are

dominated by players from the nineteenth century, who make up sixteen of the top twenty by ESPNcricinfo's criteria of 5,000 deliveries. William Lillywhite, who was active from 1825 to 1853 has the lowest average, claiming his 1,576 wickets at an average of just 1.54. The leading players from the twentieth century are Stephen Draai and Vincent Barnes with averages of just under twelve, both of whom claimed the majority of their wickets in the South African Howa Bowl tournament during the apartheid era. Bowling average Bowling average is one of a number of statistics used to compare bowlers in the

"Don Bradman"
other total. For comparison, the next highest totals of Test double hundreds are Kumar Sangakkara's 11 in 223 innings (4.9%), Brian Lara's 9 in 232 innings (3.9%), and Wally Hammond's 7 in 140 innings (5%); the next highest rate of scoring Test double centuries was achieved by Vinod Kambli, whose 21 innings included 2 double centuries (9.5%). ""Wisden"" hailed Bradman as, ""the greatest phenomenon in the history of cricket, indeed in the history of all ball games"". Statistician Charles Davis analysed the statistics for several prominent sportsmen by comparing the number of standard deviations that they stand above the mean

injuries plagued the team including their quarterback Carson Wentz who was still recovering from an ACL injury. Nick Foles would be the starting quarterback to begin the season and helped win the team their opening game against the Atlanta Falcons 18-12. History of the Philadelphia Eagles The history of the Philadelphia Eagles begins in 1933. In their history, the Eagles have appeared in the Super Bowl three times, losing in their first two appearances but winning the third, in 2018. They won three NFL Championships, the precursor to the Super Bowl, in four appearances. The beginning era of the Eagles

city. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in

to overcome numerous injuries, particularly to its defense, to reach the NFC Championship for the third year in a row, only to suffer a heartbreaking 14-3 loss against the Carolina Panthers. On January 23, 2005, the Eagles reached a fourth consecutive conference championship game (the first time this happened in the salary cap era of the NFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27-10, sending them to their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations. With two Super

"Tower of London"
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078

William. Most of the early Norman castles were built from timber, but by the end of the 11th century a few, including the Tower of London, had been renovated or replaced with stone. Work on the White Tower – which gives the whole castle its name – is usually considered to have begun in 1078, however the exact date is uncertain. William made Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, responsible for its construction, although it may not have been completed until after William's death in 1087. The White Tower is the earliest stone keep in England, and was the strongest point of

decided instead to ravage Southwark before continuing his journey around southern England. A series of Norman victories along the route cut the city's supply lines and in December 1066, isolated and intimidated, its leaders yielded London without a fight. Between 1066 and 1087, William established 36 castles, although references in the Domesday Book indicate that many more were founded by his subordinates. The new ruling elite undertook what has been described as ""the most extensive and concentrated programme of castle-building in the whole history of feudal Europe"". They were multi-purpose buildings, serving as fortifications (used as a base of operations

in a building in the outer ward near Salt Tower. Between 1348 and 1355, a second water-gate, Cradle Tower, was added east of St Thomas's Tower for the king's private use. Victorious at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, the invading Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, spent the rest of the year securing his holdings by fortifying key positions. He founded several castles along the way, but took a circuitous route toward London; only when he reached Canterbury did he turn towards England's largest city. As the fortified bridge into London was held by Saxon troops, he

the early castle. It also contained grand accommodation for the king. At the latest, it was probably finished by 1100 when Bishop Ranulf Flambard was imprisoned there. Flambard was loathed by the English for exacting harsh taxes. Although he is the first recorded prisoner held in the Tower, he was also the first person to escape from it, using a smuggled rope secreted in a butt of wine. He was held in luxury and permitted servants, but on 2 February 1101 he hosted a banquet for his captors. After plying them with drink, when no one was looking he lowered

himself from a secluded chamber, and out of the Tower. The escape came as such a surprise that one contemporary chronicler accused the bishop of witchcraft. The ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" records that in 1097 King William II ordered a wall to be built around the Tower of London; it was probably built from stone as a replacement for the timber palisade that arced around the north and west sides of the castle, between the Roman wall and the Thames. The Norman Conquest of London manifested itself not only with a new ruling class, but in the way the city was structured.

London removed many of the Constable's civic powers, and at times led to friction between the two. The castle probably retained its form as established by 1100 until the reign of Richard I (1189–1199). The castle was extended under William Longchamp, King Richard's Lord Chancellor and the man in charge of England while he was on crusade. The Pipe Rolls record £2,881 1s 10d spent at the Tower of London between 3 December 1189 and 11 November 1190, from an estimated £7,000 spent by Richard on castle building in England. According to the contemporary chronicler Roger of Howden, Longchamp dug

a moat around the castle and tried in vain to fill it from the Thames. Longchamp was also Constable of the Tower, and undertook its expansion while preparing for war with King Richard's younger brother, Prince John, who in Richard's absence arrived in England to try to seize power. As Longchamp's main fortress, he made the Tower as strong as possible. The new fortifications were first tested in October 1191, when the Tower was besieged for the first time in its history. Longchamp capitulated to John after just three days, deciding he had more to gain from surrender than prolonging

it as it stands today. Henry was disconnected from his barons, and a mutual lack of understanding led to unrest and resentment towards his rule. As a result, he was eager to ensure the Tower of London was a formidable fortification; at the same time Henry was an aesthete and wished to make the castle a comfortable place to live. From 1216 to 1227 nearly £10,000 was spent on the Tower of London; in this period, only the work at Windsor Castle cost more (£15,000). Most of the work was focused on the palatial buildings of the innermost ward. The

the event of an attack. The royal bow-maker, responsible for making longbows, crossbows, catapults, and other siege and hand weapons, had a workshop in the Bowyer Tower. A turret at the top of Lanthorn Tower was used as a beacon by traffic approaching the Tower at night. As a result of Henry's expansion, St Peter ad Vincula, a Norman chapel which had previously stood outside the Tower, was incorporated into the castle. Henry decorated the chapel by adding glazed windows, and stalls for himself and his queen. It was rebuilt by Edward I at a cost of over £300 and

Fulda
Fulda Fulda () (historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (""Kreis""). In 1990, the town hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival. In 744 Saint Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, founded the Benedictine monastery of Fulda as one of Boniface's outposts in the reorganization of the church in Germany. It later served as a base from which missionaries could accompany Charlemagne's armies in their political and military campaigns to fully conquer and convert pagan Saxony. The initial grant for the

Koblenz
Koblenz Koblenz (; ), spelled Coblenz before 1926, is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle. Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus around 8 B.C. Its name originates in the Latin """", meaning ""(at the) confluence"" of the two rivers. The actual confluence is today known as the ""German Corner"", a symbol of German reunification that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2000th anniversary in 1992. After Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, it is the third-largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate, with

Fulda
Not all of those soldiers were in Fulda proper, but scattered over observation posts and in the cities of Bad Kissingen and Bad Hersfeld. The strategic importance of this region (along the old West/East German border) led to a large United States– and Soviet military presence. Fulda station is a transport hub and interchange point between local and long distance traffic of the German railway network, and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station. It is on the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway; the North-South line (""Nord-Süd-Strecke""), comprising the Bebra-Fulda line north of Fulda, and the Kinzig Valley Railway

Fulda
the Congress of Vienna of 1814–15, most of the territory went to the Electorate of Hesse, which Prussia annexed in 1866. Fulda lends its name to the Fulda Gap, a traditional east-west invasion route used by Napoleon I and others. During the Cold War, it was presumed to be an invasion route for any conventional war between NATO and Soviet forces. Downs Barracks in Fulda was the headquarters of the American 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment, later replaced by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. The cavalry had as many as 3,000 soldiers from the end of World War II until 1993.

"Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda"
Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda The Diocese of Fulda (Latin ""Dioecesis Fuldensis"") is a Roman Catholic diocese in the north of the German state of Hessen. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Paderborn. The bishop's seat is in Fulda Cathedral. The history of the Diocese of Fulda goes back to the founding of a monastery by Saint Boniface in 744. Boniface named Saint Sturm the abbot of the monastery. On 4 November 751, Pope Zachary decreed that the monastery would not be under the control of any diocese but rather directly under the Pope. This special relationship

Fulda
to the Catholic faith or leave his territories. The foundation of the abbey Fulda and its territory originated with an Imperial grant, and the sovereign principality therefore was subject only to the German emperor. Fulda became a bishopric in 1752 and the prince-abbots were given the additional title of prince-bishop. The prince-abbots (and later prince-bishops) ruled Fulda and the surrounding region until the bishopric was forcibly dissolved by Napoleon I in 1802. The city went through a baroque building campaign in the 18th century, resulting in the current “Baroque City” status. This included a remodeling of Fulda Cathedral (1704–12) and

Fulda
small, 9th-century chapel remains standing within walking distance of the church, as do the foundations of a later women's abbey. Rabanus Maurus served as abbot at Fulda from 822 to 842. Prince-abbot Balthasar von Dernbach adopted a policy of counterreformation. In 1571 he called in the Jesuits to found a school and college. He insisted that the members of the chapter should return to a monastic form of life. Whereas his predecessors had tolerated Protestantism, resulting in most of the citizenry of Fulda and a large portion of the principality's countryside professing Lutheranism, Balthasar ordered his subjects either to return

Fulda
of the ""Stadtschloss ""(Fulda Castle-Palace, 1707–12) by Johann Dientzenhofer. The city parish church, St. Blasius, was built between 1771–85. In 1764 a porcelain factory was started in Fulda under Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra, but shortly after his death it was closed down in 1789 by his successor, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall. The city was given to Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau (the later King William I of the Netherlands) in 1803 (as part of the short-lived Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda), was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1806, and in 1809 to the Principality of Frankfurt. After

Fulda
and Fulda-Main Railway to the south; the Vogelsberg Railway, which connects to the hills of the Vogelsberg in the west; and the Fulda–Gersfeld Railway (Rhön Railway) to Gersfeld in the Rhön Mountains to the east. Fulda is on the Bundesautobahn 7 (BAB 7). Bundesautobahn 66 starts at the interchange with the BAB 7, heading south towards Frankfurt. Fulda is also on the Bundesstraße 27. Fulda is twinned with: Fulda Fulda () (historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (""Kreis""). In

"Fulda station"
Fulda station Fulda station is an important transport hub of the German railway network in the east Hessian city of Fulda. It is used by about 20,000 travellers each day. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station. It is a stop for Intercity-Express, Intercity services and regional services. The original station was opened as part of the Frankfurt–Bebra railway in 1866. This was destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt after the war. The station was adapted in the 1980s for the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway. Fulda is situated on the North-South line (""Nord-Süd-Strecke"") and the

The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) attempted to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations in the wake of a Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, an alliance which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1912) in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Yellow Hat sect. By the late 16th century, the Mongols proved to be successful armed protectors of the Yellow Hat Dalai Lama after their increasing presence in the Amdo region, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by Güshi Khan (1582–1655) in 1642, establishing the Khoshut Khanate. The Hongwu Emperor specified his grandson Zhu Yunwen as his successor,

of alliance, he decided to side with the Manchus. The Eight Banners under the Manchu Prince Dorgon (1612–50) and Wu Sangui approached Beijing after the army sent by Li was destroyed at Shanhaiguan; the Prince of Shun's army fled the capital on the fourth of June. On 6 June, the Manchus and Wu entered the capital and proclaimed the young Shunzhi Emperor ruler of China. After being forced out of Xi'an by the Qing, chased along the Han River to Wuchang, and finally along the northern border of Jiangxi province, Li Zicheng died there in the summer of 1645, thus

and he assumed the throne as the Jianwen Emperor (1398–1402) after Hongwu's death in 1398. The most powerful of Hongwu's sons, Zhu Di, then the militarily mighty disagreed with this, and soon a political showdown erupted between him and his nephew Jianwen. After Jianwen arrested many of Zhu Di's associates, Zhu Di plotted a rebellion that sparked a three-year civil war. Under the pretext of rescuing the young Jianwen from corrupting officials, Zhu Di personally led forces in the revolt; the palace in Nanjing was burned to the ground, along with Jianwen himself, his wife, mother, and courtiers. Zhu Di

the country and thus the right to establish a new dynasty. In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated his archrival and leader of the rebel Han faction, Chen Youliang, in the Battle of Lake Poyang, arguably the largest naval battle in history. Known for its ambitious use of fire ships, Zhu's force of 200,000 Ming sailors were able to defeat a Han rebel force over triple their size, claimed to be 650,000-strong. The victory destroyed the last opposing rebel faction, leaving Zhu Yuanzhang in uncontested control of the bountiful Yangtze River Valley and cementing his power in the south. After the dynastic

by Hui Muslim Ming armies to defeat Yuan-loyalist Mongol and Hui Muslim troops holding out in Yunnan province. The Hui troops under General Mu Ying, who was appointed Governor of Yunnan, were resettled in the region as part of a colonization effort. By the end of the 14th century, some 200,000 military colonists settled some 2,000,000 ""mu"" (350,000 acres) of land in what is now Yunnan and Guizhou. Roughly half a million more Chinese settlers came in later periods; these migrations caused a major shift in the ethnic make-up of the region, since formerly more than half of the population

Grievances"". By 1636, Nurhaci's son Huang Taiji renamed his dynasty from the ""Later Jin"" to the ""Great Qing"" at Mukden, which had fallen to Qing forces in 1621 and was made their capital in 1625. Huang Taiji also adopted the Chinese imperial title ""huangdi"", declared the Chongde (""Revering Virtue"") era, and changed the ethnic name of his people from ""Jurchen"" to ""Manchu"". In 1638 the Manchu defeated and conquered Ming China's traditional ally Joseon with an army of 100,000 troops in the Second Manchu invasion of Korea. Shortly after, the Koreans renounced their long-held loyalty to the Ming dynasty. A

deserted the capital without much of a fight. On 25 April 1644, Beijing fell to a rebel army led by Li Zicheng when the city gates were opened by rebel allies from within. During the turmoil, the last Ming emperor hanged himself on a tree in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City. Seizing opportunity, the Eight Banners crossed the Great Wall after the Ming border general Wu Sangui (1612–1678) opened the gates at Shanhai Pass. This occurred shortly after he learned about the fate of the capital and an army of Li Zicheng marching towards him; weighing his options

and natural disasters such as flooding and inability of the government to properly manage irrigation and flood-control projects caused widespread loss of life and normal civility. The central government, starved of resources, could do very little to mitigate the effects of these calamities. Making matters worse, a widespread epidemic spread across China from Zhejiang to Henan, killing an unknown but large number of people. The deadliest earthquake of all time, the Shaanxi earthquake of 1556, occurred during the Jiajing Emperor's reign, killing approximately 830,000 people. A Jurchen tribal leader named Nurhaci (r. 1616–26), starting with just a small tribe, rapidly

that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. The rise of new emperors and new factions diminished such extravagances; the capture of the

"The Bible in film"
in Genesis was the 1904 French film ""Joseph Vendu Par Ses Frères"" (""Joseph Sold by his Brothers""). Enrico Guazzoni's 1913 Italian epic ""Quo Vadis?"" is often considered the first successful feature-length motion picture and one of the first films with over two hours running time. Cecil B. DeMille specialized in extravagant epics throughout a career that spanned both the silent and sound eras. His 1923 silent version of ""The Ten Commandments"" (1923) included spectacular special effects for the parting of the Red Sea. De Mille followed ""The Ten Commandments"" in 1927 with ""King of Kings"", a lavish, reverential life of

"Arthur C. Clarke"
Kubrick and Clarke had difficulty collaborating on the book. Clarke completed a draft of the novel at the end of 1964 with the plan to publish in 1965 in advance of the film's release in 1966. After many delays the film was released in the spring of 1968, before the book was completed. The book was credited to Clarke alone. Clarke later complained that this had the effect of making the book into a novelisation, that Kubrick had manipulated circumstances to downplay Clarke's authorship. For these and other reasons, the details of the story differ slightly from the book to

"Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ"
The development of the cinema following the novel's publication brought film adaptations in 1907, 1925, 1959, 2003, and 2016, as well as a North American TV miniseries in 2010. In 1907, Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Ross directed a short film for the Kalem Company that was based on the book, but it did not have the Wallace heirs' or the book publisher's permissions. The author's son Henry Wallace, stage producers Klaw and Erlanger, and the book's publisher Harper and Brothers sued the film's producers for violating U.S. copyright laws. The landmark case ""Kalem Co. v. Harper Brothers"" (1911) [222

"The Book of Life (1998 film)"
The Book of Life (1998 film) The Book of Life is a 1998 film by Hal Hartley. In the film, Jesus returns to earth on the eve of the new millennium planning to bring about the apocalypse, but finds himself surprisingly enamored of humanity. It stars Martin Donovan as Jesus, and PJ Harvey as Mary Magdalene. Yo La Tengo appear as a Salvation Army band. The film was made for the 2000, Seen By... project, initiated by the French company Haut et Court to produce films depicting the approaching turn of the millennium seen from the perspectives of 10 different

"Literary adaptation"
Adventures in Wonderland"". The first feature-length film to be shot entirely in Hollywood was Cecil B. DeMille's first assignment, ""The Squaw Man"", in 1914, which was the first of three movie versions (all directed by DeMille) based on Edwin Milton Royle's play of the same name. Since the early days of the genre, major films have been largely adapted: The most celebrated of the early adaptations is Erich von Stroheim's ""Greed"", a 1924 adaptation of the 1899 novel ""McTeague"" by naturalist writer Frank Norris. The director intended to film every aspect of the novel in great detail, resulting in a

countries. The Book of Life (1998 film) The Book of Life is a 1998 film by Hal Hartley. In the film, Jesus returns to earth on the eve of the new millennium planning to bring about the apocalypse, but finds himself surprisingly enamored of humanity. It stars Martin Donovan as Jesus, and PJ Harvey as Mary Magdalene. Yo La Tengo appear as a Salvation Army band. The film was made for the 2000, Seen By... project, initiated by the French company Haut et Court to produce films depicting the approaching turn of the millennium seen from the perspectives of 10

"Book of Judith"
the 1914 production ""Judith of Bethulia"" by director D. W. Griffith. A full hour in length, it was one of the earliest feature films made in the United States. English writer Arnold Bennett in 1919 tried his hand at dramaturgy with ""Judith"", a faithful reproduction in three acts; it premiered in spring 1919 at Devonshire Park Theatre, Eastbourne. In 1981, the play ""Judith among the Lepers"" by the Israeli (Hebrew) playwright Moshe Shamir was performed in Israel. Shamir examines the question why the story of Judith was excluded from the Jewish (Hebrew) Bible and thus banned from Jewish history. In

"William March"
novel will be written in 1954 or has turned up in recent memory."" Although March lived long enough to see the critical praise bestowed upon the novel and hear of its commercial success, he died before the novel's full impact became apparent. It went on to sell more than a million copies, was nominated for the 1955 National Book Award, adapted into a successful and long-running Broadway play by Maxwell Anderson, and was adapted for film three times, in 1956 (directed by Mervyn LeRoy), in 1985 (directed by Paul Wendkos), and in 2018 (directed by and starring Rob Lowe). March

"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page"
attempts to turn the novel into a feature film. The book was published by Hamish Hamilton 1981, followed by Penguin and Knopf in America the following year. It had been the subject of numerous rejections during his lifetime, but attempts to get it published were continued after his death in 1976 by Edward Chaney, who had befriended the author in his old age. Christopher Sinclair Stevenson asked John Fowles to write an introduction which no doubt helped to draw attention to the publication. The novel was originally intended to form the first part of a trilogy, entitled ""Sarnia Cherie: The

"Act One (book)"
Theater, in previews on March 20, 2014, with the official opening on April 17, 2014. The play starred Santino Fontana, Tony Shalhoub, and Andrea Martin, and was directed by Lapine. Act One (book) Act One is an autobiographical book by playwright Moss Hart. The chronicles of Moss Hart's impoverished New York childhood and his long struggle to Broadway success. The book was adapted into the film ""Act One"" 1963. James Lapine wrote a stage version (""Act One""), commissioned by the Lincoln Center Theater and developed by the Vineyard Arts Project. A reading was held in July 2012. There was also

"Tim Hortons"
Beach, Florida and Pompano Beach, Florida in 1981, but they proved unsuccessful and were closed. In 1985, the chain returned to the US with a location on Niagara Falls Boulevard in the Buffalo suburb of Amherst, New York. Starting in the mid-1990s, however, the chain began expanding in the US by acquiring former locations from fast food chains. In 1996 and 1997, thirty-seven former Rax Restaurants locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia were bought by Wendy's International Inc.; 30 of these were converted to Tim Hortons, while the others became Wendy's franchise locations. Thirty-five closed Hardee's stores in the

a multimillion-dollar franchise. Charade left the organization in 1966 and briefly returned in 1970 and 1993 through 1996. On August 26, 2014, Burger King agreed to purchase Tim Hortons for US$11.4 billion; the chain became a subsidiary of the Oakville-based holding company Restaurant Brands International on December 15, 2014, which is majority-owned by Brazilian investment firm 3G Capital. The chain's first store opened on May 17, 1964, in Hamilton, Ontario, under the name ""Tim Horton Donuts""; the name was later abbreviated to ""Tim Horton's"" and then changed to ""Tim Hortons"" without the possessive apostrophe. The business was founded by Miles

location at the time was in Calcutta, Ohio, about 50 miles south of Youngstown. The chain entered the area in July 2012 with the opening of a location in Hermitage, Pennsylvania. As of 2012 the company had expanded across the US states of Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. The first expansion into Indiana was the opening of a location in Richmond, Indiana's east central side. On January 7, 2014, Tim Hortons opened a kiosk in the Gila River Arena (where the Arizona Coyotes of the NHL play) in Glendale, Arizona.

States. Tim Hortons has outlets located on at least seven Canadian Forces Bases. TDL Group announced in March 2006, in response to a request by Chief of the Defence Staff, General Rick Hillier, its commitment to open a franchised location at the Canadian Forces operations base in Kandahar, Afghanistan. The new Kandahar location opened on July 1, 2006, in a trailer on the military base. The 41 staff members of the Kandahar outlet have been drawn from the Canadian Forces Personnel Support Agency who received training on such matters as how to handle a potential nuclear or biological attack before

"History of the hamburger"
in 1957 by founder James McLamore and initially sold for 37 cents. Wendy's was founded by Dave Thomas and John T. Schuessler on November 15, 1969 in Columbus, Ohio. By the late 1970s, it had become the third largest hamburger company in the United States. Wendy's has consistently tried to differentiate itself from other hamburger restaurants by its claim that it makes its burgers using fresh, not frozen, beef. Wendy's sparked a controversy and entered into American pop culture in the 1980s with its ""Where's the beef?"" advertising slogan and an accompanying campaign stressing the primacy of the beef patty

"ShowBiz Pizza Place"
to evolve. However, prior to the grand opening of his first location, Brock decided he wanted to void the agreement with Pizza Time, and instead, form a partnership with CEI. The first ShowBiz Pizza Place opened in Kansas City, Missouri, on March 3, 1980. At the time, Brock was quite successful as one of the largest franchisers in the Holiday Inn hotel system. The Brock Hotel Corporation owned 80 percent of ShowBiz Pizza, while the other 20 percent was owned by CEI, the company responsible for the production of the chain's animatronics show, The Rock-afire Explosion. By September 1981, the

Tim Hortons reportedly had plans by 2013 plans to enter the large Indian market, which the company denied. Tim Hortons officially opened its first Southeast Asian store in Manila, Philippines on February 28, 2017. In July 2018, Tim Hortons announced it will open more than 1500 branches in China over the next decade. Initially, the US stores were the result of natural expansion in Canada–U.S. border areas (e.g., stores in Maine and the Buffalo, New York area where Horton played from 1972 to 1974 as a member of the Buffalo Sabres). The first United States locations were opened in Deerfield

Tim Hortons Tim Hortons Inc. (known internationally as Tim Hortons Cafe and Bake Shop) is a multinational fast food restaurant known for its coffee and donuts. It is also Canada's largest quick service restaurant chain; as of December 31, 2016, it had a total of 4,613 restaurants in nine countries. The company was founded in 1964 in Hamilton, Ontario, by Canadian hockey player Tim Horton (1930–1974) and Jim Charade (1934–2009), after an initial venture in hamburger restaurants. In 1967, Horton partnered with investor Ron Joyce, who assumed control over operations after Horton died in 1974. Joyce expanded the chain into

40 outlets in the St. Louis, Missouri area starting in 2015, first selling coffee and hot chocolate at Enterprise Center during St. Louis Blues games, followed by the opening of a full-service store in the suburb of Maplewood and an ""express"" location inside a Frontenac bank building. In 2016, Tim Hortons expand to Minnesota with a store inside Mall of America. Through franchise partnership with Dubai-based Apparel Group, Tim Hortons entered the United Arab Emirates in 2011 with store openings in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Fujairah, with the first location opening in September 2011. As of December 2013 it has

changing consumer tastes. The company introduced the McChicken in 1980; it proved to be a sales disappointment, and was replaced with Chicken McNuggets a year later (having originally been invented by Rene Arend in 1979). In 1985, ready-to-eat salads were introduced. Efficiency, combined with an expanded menu, continued to draw customers. McDonald's began to focus on urban centers and introduced new architectural styles. The first McDonald's Express locations opened in 1991. These are smaller-scale prototypes, usually constructed in prefabricated buildings or urban storefronts, that do not feature certain menu items such as milkshakes and Quarter Pounders. In 1992 Michael R.

Reaper
Made in Baltimore, Maryland, Hussey's design was a major improvement in reaping efficiency. The new reaper only required two horses working in a non-strenuous manner, a man to work the machine, and another person to drive. In addition, the Hussey Reaper left an even and clean surface after its use. The ""McCormick Reaper"" was designed by Robert McCormick in Walnut Grove, Virginia. However, Robert became frustrated when he was unable to perfect his new device. His son Cyrus asked for permission to try to complete his father's project. With permission granted, the McCormick Reaper was patented by his son Cyrus

"Robert McCormick (Virginia)"
is a soft red winter wheat (""Triticum aestivum L."") developed and released in May 2002 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Robert McCormick (Virginia) Robert McCormick Jr. (June 8, 1780 – July 4, 1846) was an American inventor, who invented numerous devices including a version of the reaper which his eldest son Cyrus McCormick patented in 1834. Although he lived his life in rural Virginia, he was patriarch of the McCormick family that became influential throughout the world, especially in large cities such as Chicago Washington, D.C. and New York City. McCormick was born June 8, 1780, on the family

"Cyrus McCormick"
Cyrus McCormick Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became prominent residents of Chicago. McCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. However, he was one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., as

of Steeles Tavern, Virginia in 1831. He claimed to have developed a final version of the reaper in 18 months. The young McCormick was granted a patent on the reaper on June 21, 1834, two years after having been granted a patent for a self-sharpening plow. However, none were sold, because the machine could not handle varying conditions. The McCormick family also worked together in a blacksmith/metal smelting business. The panic of 1837 almost caused the family to go into bankruptcy when a partner pulled out. In 1839 McCormick started doing more public demonstrations of the reaper, but local farmers

other living man."" The Wisconsin Historical Society holds Cyrus McCormick's papers. Cyrus McCormick Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became prominent residents of Chicago. McCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. However, he was one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than

Reaper
McCormick in 1834 as a horse-drawn farm implement to cut small grain crops. This McCormick reaper machine had several special elements: Cyrus McCormick claimed that his reaper was actually invented in 1831, giving him the true claim to the general design of the machine. Over the next few decades the Hussey and McCormick reapers would compete with each other in the marketplace, despite being quite similar. By the 1850's, the original patents of both Hussey and McCormick had expired and many other manufacturers put similar machines on the market. In 1861, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a

"Leander J. McCormick"
invented agricultural machines including the mechanical reaper, for which Leander's eldest brother Cyrus McCormick received the patent in 1834. Leander eventually developed multiple improvements to the reaper and received patents for two of them, with the remainder being patented by his brother Cyrus. At age 26, McCormick married Henrietta Maria Hamilton on her parents' homestead, Locust Hill, in Rockbridge County on October 22, 1845. The following year their father Robert McCormick, Jr. died. Leander had a third share of the reaper business, which amounted to 75 machines in 1846. In 1847 Leander helped Cyrus set up a factory in Cincinnati,

still thought the machine was unreliable. He did sell one in 1840, but none for 1841. Using the endorsement of his father's first customer for a machine built by McPhetrich, Cyrus continuously attempted to improve the design. He finally sold seven reapers in 1842, 29 in 1843, and 50 in 1844. They were all built manually in the family farm shop. He received a second patent for reaper improvements on January 31, 1845. As word spread about the reaper, McCormick noticed orders arriving from farther west, where farms tended to be larger and the land flatter. While he was in

well as the aid of Jo Anderson, a slave held by his family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products. Cyrus McCormick was born on February 15, 1809 in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. He was the eldest of eight children born to inventor Robert McCormick Jr. (1780–1846) and Mary Ann ""Polly"" Hall (1780–1853). As Cyrus' father saw the potential of the design for a mechanical reaper, he applied for a patent to claim it as his own invention. He worked for 28 years on a horse-drawn mechanical reaper

Reaper
did not experience mainstream success and acceptance until at least 20 years after it was patented by Cyrus McCormick. This was because the McCormick reaper lacked a quality unique to Obed Hussey's reaper. Hussey's reaper used a sawlike cutter bar that cut stalks far more effectively than McCormick's. Only once Cyrus McCormick was able to acquire the rights to Hussey's cutter-bar mechanism (around 1850) did a truly revolutionary machine emerge. Other factors in the gradual uptake of mechanized reaping included natural cultural conservatism among farmers (proven tradition versus new and unknown machinery); the poor state of many new farm fields,

"Scandal (season 7)"
Scandal (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series ""Scandal"" was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for ""Scandal"". The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda

"Scandal (season 6)"
Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series ""Scandal"" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode of this season. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its employees, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C. Season six had

nights at 9:00 pm until episode 15, where it aired in its original timeslot, Thursday 10:00 pm. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ""Scandal"" was renewed for a seventh season on February 10, 2017, along with the other ShondaLand dramas. The series continued to air on Thursdays in its 9 p.m. E.T. timeslot like the previous seasons, but unlike the previous season which aired in January, the seventh season premiered in the fall of 2017. ABC announced on June 26, 2017, that the seventh season would consist of 18 episodes. Long-time director Tom Verica shared on Twitter that he would only direct the series finale

"Scandal (TV series)"
the sixth season was reduced from 22 to 16 episodes. During ABC's annual upfront presentation in May, it was announced that ""Scandal"" will premiere during midseason, following a fall run of the new series ""Notorious"". Production began on July 13, 2016, with director and executive producer Tom Verica announcing that the crew was scouting for filming locations. The table read for the premiere was on July 26, 2016, with filming starting soon after. On February 10, 2017, ABC announced that the series had been renewed for a seventh season. On May 10, 2017, ABC announced that the seventh season would

previous season, as it was moved to the timeslot to make room for Shondaland Production Company's new TV series, ""How to Get Away with Murder"". Production began on May 21, 2015, when Rhimes announced on Twitter that the writers were in full swing mapping the fifth season. The series was renewed for a sixth season on March 3, 2016, by ABC. Production is scheduled to begin in July, confirmed by executive-producer Tom Verica. After Kerry Washington announced that she was pregnant again, ""TVLine"" reported that ABC is considering moving the show's premiere to midseason. In addition, the episode order for

character was killed off in the eleventh episode. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7.5/10 based on 10 reviews. The website's consensus reads, ""As shocking and thrilling as ever, ""Scandal"" eases into its sixth season with as much confidence as Olivia Pope herself."" Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series ""Scandal"" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode

ABC renewed ""Scandal"" for a sixth season, which premiered on January 26, 2017. The entire season is about the murder of President-elect Frankie Vargas. It is revealed that his wife, Luna, was behind his murder because she wanted power. The end of season six concludes with Mellie becoming the first female President of the United States. At the end of Fitz's term, he decided to reinstate a B613 and become Command, due to Rowan's manipulation of him. Olivia convinces him not to, because she thinks it will destroy him. Then she has Mellie reserve a percentage of the Pentagon's funds

in a blind emergency trust and uses that money to reinstate B613 herself. Olivia becomes Command at the end of the season and considers herself the most powerful person in the world. On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed ""Scandal"" for a seventh season; on May 10, 2017, it was announced that this season would be the show's last. On January 3, 2018, a crossover with ""How to Get Away with Murder"" was announced, which aired on March 1, 2018, with Viola Davis and Aja Naomi King guest starring. In early 2011, it was announced that Shonda Rhimes was developing a

"Scandal (season 5)"
Scandal (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series ""Scandal"" was ordered on May 7, 2015 by ABC, and began airing on September 24, 2015 in the United States on ABC. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its staff, as well as staff at the White House in Washington D.C. Season five has eleven series regulars, all returning from the previous season, out of which six are part of

"Watch Me (Scandal)"
Watch Me (Scandal) ""Watch Me"" is the first episode of the seventh season of the American political thriller television series ""Scandal"", and the 107th episode overall. Written by series creator and showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Jann Turner, it premiered on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on October 5, 2017. This episode was watched by 5.52 million viewers. Local news announce Luna Vargas' death, which was considered a heart attack; Cyrus Beene' (Jeff Perry) new position as Vice President; and President Mellie Grant's (Bellamy Young) first joint session at the Congress, during which she promised a bill to free

who wrote antigone and what are the dates of his birth and death

"Antigone (Sophocles play)"
Antigone (Sophocles play) Antigone ( ; ) is a tragedy by Sophocles written in or before 441 BC. Of the three Theban plays ""Antigone"" is the third in order of the events depicted in the plays, but it is the first that was written. The play expands on the Theban legend that predates it, and it picks up where Aeschylus' ""Seven Against Thebes"" ends. Prior to the beginning of the play, brothers Eteocles and Polyneices, leading opposite sides in Thebes' civil war, died fighting each other for the throne. Creon, the new ruler of Thebes and brother of the former

"Antigone (Euripides play)"
Antigone (Euripides play) Antigone ( ; ) is a play by the Attic dramatist Euripides, which is now lost except for a number of fragments. According to Aristophanes of Byzantium, the plot was similar to that of Sophocles' play ""Antigone"", with three differences. The date of the play is uncertain, but there is evidence that it was written late in Euripides' career, between 420 BCE and 406 BCE. Sophocles' ""Antigone"" (ca. 441 BCE) told the story of how Oedipus' daughter Antigone buried the body of her brother Polynices who had led an invasion of Thebes, defying the order of her

as Antigone and Patrick O'Kane as Kreon. Other TV adaptations of ""Antigone"" have starred Irene Worth (1949) and Dorothy Tutin (1959), both broadcast by the BBC. Antigone (Sophocles play) Antigone ( ; ) is a tragedy by Sophocles written in or before 441 BC. Of the three Theban plays ""Antigone"" is the third in order of the events depicted in the plays, but it is the first that was written. The play expands on the Theban legend that predates it, and it picks up where Aeschylus' ""Seven Against Thebes"" ends. Prior to the beginning of the play, brothers Eteocles and

Antigone
his mother, Jocasta. However, in other versions such as Sophocles' tragedies ""Oedipus at Colonus"" and ""Antigone"", it occurs in the years after the banishment and death of Oedipus and Antigone's struggles against Creon. Antigone is brought before Creon, and admits that she knew of Creon's law forbidding mourning for Polynices but chose to break it, claiming the superiority of divine over human law, and she defies Creon's cruelty with courage, passion and determination. Sophocles' ""Antigone"" ends in disaster. Creon orders Antigone buried alive in a tomb. Although Creon has a change of heart and tries to release Antigone, he finds

"Jean Anouilh"
Jean Anouilh Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (; 23 June 1910 – 3 October 1987) was a French dramatist whose career spanned five decades. Though his work ranged from high drama to absurdist farce, Anouilh is best known for his 1944 play ""Antigone"", an adaptation of Sophocles' classical drama, that was seen as an attack on Marshal Pétain's Vichy government. One of France's most prolific writers after World War II, much of Anouilh's work deals with themes of maintaining integrity in a world of moral compromise. Anouilh was born in Cérisole, a small village on the outskirts of Bordeaux, and

"Claudius Marius Victorius"
Claudius Marius Victorius Claudius Marius Victorius (or Victorinus or Victor) was a ""rhetor"" (i.e. a teacher and poet) of the fifth century CE from Marseille. He is known for a Latin poem on Genesis in hexameters and a letter to the abbot Salomon against the moral degradation of his age. Evidence for Claudius's life comes from Gennadius of Massilia. He was born in the second half of the fourth century and died during the reign of Theodosius the Younger and Valentinian III, around 446. Gennadius of Massilia assigns a poem on Genesis, the ""Aletheia"" (i.e. Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια, 'truth'), to

Antigonae
listener than required in the usual opera performance. While ""Antigone"" has never been very popular, it has set new standards for the orchestra, the singers and the committed listener. The opera begins in the early morning following a battle in Thebes between the armies of the two sons of Oedipus: Eteocles and Polynices. King Kreon (Creon), who ascended the throne of Thebes after both brothers are killed in battle, decrees that Polynices is not to be buried. Antigonae, his sister, defies the order, but is caught. Kreon decrees that she be buried alive in spite of the fact that she

"Tobias Smollett"
Tobias Smollett Tobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for his picaresque novels, such as ""The Adventures of Roderick Random"" (1748) and ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"" (1751), and ""The Expedition of Humphry Clinker"" (1771), which influenced later novelists including Charles Dickens. His novels were amended liberally by printers; a definitive edition of each of his works was edited by Dr O. M. Brack, Jr, to correct variants. Smollett was born at Dalquhurn, now part of Renton, in present-day West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. He was the fourth son

"Antigone (Mendelssohn)"
performance took place at the New Palace, Potsdam on 28 October 1841. A public performance followed a week later at the Berlin State Opera on 6 November 1841. The music was published that year by Kistner in Leipzig, with a dedication to his patron, King Frederick William IV of Prussia. Mendelssohn had been appointed as court composer to Frederick William IV, who had ascended the throne in June the previous year. The king had encountered Donner's translation of the play and passed it on to Tieck, the """" (stage reader) of the court. Mendelssohn composed the music quickly. Tieck first

Antigona
Antigona Antigona (""Antigone"") is an opera in three acts in Italian by the composer Tommaso Traetta. The libretto, by Marco Coltellini, is based on the tragedy ""Antigone"" by Sophocles. But there is also an opera ""Antigona"" by Josef Mysliveček. ""Antigona"" received its premiere at the Imperial Theatre, Saint Petersburg, Russia on 11 November 1772. The background to the opera is the myth of Oedipus. Oedipus has been expelled from Thebes, the city where he was king, after it was revealed he had killed his father and married his mother. He left four children: Eteocles, Polynices, Antigone and Ismene. Creon, Oedipus'

"Shepherd's pie"
Shepherd's pie Shepherd's pie or cottage pie is a meat pie with a crust or topping of mashed potato. The recipe has many variations, but the defining ingredients are minced red meat (commonly, ""cottage pie"" refers to beef and ""shepherd's pie"" to lamb), cooked in a gravy or sauce with onions and sometimes other vegetables, such as peas, celery or carrots, and topped with a layer of mashed potato before it is baked. The pie is sometimes also topped with grated cheese to create a layer of melted cheese on top. The term ""cottage pie"" was in use by 1791,

when the potato was being introduced as an edible crop affordable for the poor (cf. ""cottage"", meaning a modest dwelling for rural workers). The term ""shepherd's pie"" did not appear until 1854, and was used synonymously with cottage pie, regardless of whether the meat was beef or mutton. In the United Kingdom, the term ""shepherd's pie"" is now commonly used when the meat is lamb. In early cookery books, the dish was a means of using leftover roasted meat of any kind, and the pie dish was lined on the sides and bottom with mashed potato, as well as having

a mashed potato crust on top. Other potato-topped pies include: Shepherd's pie Shepherd's pie or cottage pie is a meat pie with a crust or topping of mashed potato. The recipe has many variations, but the defining ingredients are minced red meat (commonly, ""cottage pie"" refers to beef and ""shepherd's pie"" to lamb), cooked in a gravy or sauce with onions and sometimes other vegetables, such as peas, celery or carrots, and topped with a layer of mashed potato before it is baked. The pie is sometimes also topped with grated cheese to create a layer of melted cheese on

"Tweetie Pie"
attic and sawing a hole around Tweety's cage, but he ends up causing the entire inner ceiling to collapse (sans Tweety's cage, which is being held in place by a beam). The ""faux pas"" creates such a racket that Thomas is sure the owner will come downstairs and wallop him, and so, he takes her broom, breaks it in half, and tosses the pieces into the fire. This proves to be meaningless, as he finds himself being walloped on the head repeatedly with a shovel...by Tweety. Though the cartoon was re-released into the Blue Ribbon program in 1955, the cartoon's

"Lentil soup"
""You, who dare insult lentil soup, sweetest of delicacies."" Lentil soup is mentioned in the Bible: In Genesis 25:30-34, Esau is prepared to give up his birthright for a pot of fragrant red lentil soup (a ""mess of pottage"" in some versions) being cooked by his brother, Jacob. In Jewish tradition, lentil soup has been served at times of mourning; the roundness of the lentil represents a complete cycle of life. Lentil soup may include vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, celery, parsley, tomato, pumpkin, ripe plantain and onion. Common flavorings are garlic, bay leaf, cumin, olive oil, and vinegar. It

"Mince pie"
includes chopped neat's tongue, beef suet, blood raisins, currants, mace, cloves, nutmeg, brown sugar, apples, lemons, brandy and orange peel. During the English Civil War, along with the censure of other Catholic customs, they were banned: ""Nay, the poor rosemary and bays, and ""Christmas pie"", is made an abomination."" Puritans were opposed to the Christmas pie, on account of its connection with Catholicism. In his ""History of the Rebellion"", Marchamont Needham wrote ""All Plums the Prophets Sons defy, And Spice-broths are too hot; Treason's in a ""December""-Pye, And Death within the Pot."" Some considered them unfit to occupy the plate

"The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie"
Wellesley Dogger, who once saved Colonel de Luce's life during the war and now works as Buckshaw's gardener, suffering frequent bouts of memory loss and hallucinations due to posttraumatic stress disorder from his time as a prisoner of war. Mysterious events begin to occur when Mrs. Mullet, Buckshaw's housekeeper and cook, discovers a dead jack snipe on the porch with a Penny Black stamp pierced through its beak. Then, Flavia and Dogger overhear a heated argument between Colonel de Luce and a red-headed stranger who shortly turns up dead in the family cucumber patch. When Colonel de Luce is arrested

"Egg in the basket"
Egg in the basket Egg in the basket—also known by many other names—is an egg fried in a hole in a slice of bread. A waffle or bagel (with a large enough hole) can also be substituted for the slice of bread. Variant names for the dish include ""bullseye eggs"", ""eggs in a frame"", ""egg in a hole"", ""gashouse eggs"", ""gasthaus eggs"", ""hole in one"", ""one-eyed Jack"", ""one-eyed Pete"", ""pirate's eye"", ""popeye"", and ""spit in the ocean"". The name ""Gashouse Special"" is used in the 1975 book ""The Kids' Kitchen Takeover"" by Sarah Stein. The name ""toad in the hole""

Hutspot
Hutspot Hutspot (Dutch), hochepot (French), or hotchpotch (English), is a dish of boiled and mashed potatoes, carrots, and onions with a long history in traditional Dutch cuisine. According to legend, the recipe came from the cooked potato bits left behind by hastily departing Spanish soldiers during their Siege of Leiden in 1574 during the Eighty Years' War, when the liberators breached the dikes of the lower lying polders surrounding the city. This flooded all the fields around the city with about a foot of water. As there were few, if any, high points, the Spanish soldiers camping in the fields

Pretzel
pretzel. Within the Christian Church, pretzels were regarded as having religious significance for both ingredients and shape. The knot shape has been claimed to represent hands in prayer. Moreover, the three holes within the pretzel represent the three persons of the Holy Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Pretzels made with a simple recipe using only flour and water could be eaten during Lent when Christians were forbidden to eat eggs, lard, or dairy products such as milk and butter. As time passed, pretzels became associated with both Lent and Easter. Pretzels were hidden

"Ohio River"
course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois. Where the Ohio joins the Mississippi is the lowest elevation in the state of Illinois, at . The Ohio River, which flows westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States. At the confluence, the Ohio is considerably bigger than the Mississippi. Measured by long-term mean discharge in cubic feet per second and cubic meters per second,

beginning in the 1950s. The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From there, it flows northwest through Allegheny and Beaver counties, before making an abrupt turn to the south-southwest at the West Virginia–Ohio–Pennsylvania triple-state line (near East Liverpool, Ohio; Chester, West Virginia; and Ohioville, Pennsylvania). From there, it forms the border between West Virginia and Ohio, upstream of Wheeling, West Virginia. The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west-northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west-southwest course for most of its length. The

Ohio River The Ohio River, which flows westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States. At the confluence, the Ohio is considerably bigger than the Mississippi (by (long-term mean discharge, Ohio at Cairo: 281,500 cu ft/s (7,960 m/s); Mississippi at Thebes: 208,200 cu ft/s (5,897 m/s)) and, thus from a hydrological perspective, is the main stream of the whole river system. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee

Mississippi River Forecast Center. Ohio River The Ohio River, which flows westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States. At the confluence, the Ohio is considerably bigger than the Mississippi (by (long-term mean discharge, Ohio at Cairo: 281,500 cu ft/s (7,960 m/s); Mississippi at Thebes: 208,200 cu ft/s (5,897 m/s)) and, thus from a hydrological perspective, is the main stream of the whole river system. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states. Through its

Indiana, as well as in the Mississippi Valley and the Southeast. The Osage, Omaha, Ponca and Kaw lived in the Ohio Valley, but under pressure from the Iroquois to the northeast, migrated west of the Mississippi River in the 17th century to territory now defined as Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma. In 1669, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led a French expedition to the Ohio River, becoming the first Europeans to see it. After European-American settlement, the river served as a border between present-day Kentucky and Indian Territories. It was a primary transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion

the river was narrow, it was the way to freedom for thousands of slaves escaping to the North, many helped by free blacks and whites of the Underground Railroad resistance movement. The Ohio River is a climatic transition area, as its water runs along the periphery of the humid subtropical and humid continental climate areas. It is inhabited by fauna and flora of both climates. In winter, it regularly freezes over at Pittsburgh but rarely farther south toward Cincinnati and Louisville. At Paducah, Kentucky, in the south, near the Ohio's confluence with the Mississippi, it is ice-free year-round. The name

and West Virginia between Marietta, Ohio, and Huntington, West Virginia. As testimony to the major changes that occurred, such valleys are found on hilltops. The middle Ohio River formed in a manner similar to formation of the upper Ohio River. A north-flowing river was temporarily dammed by natural forces southwest of present-day Louisville, creating a large lake until the dam burst. A new route was carved to the Mississippi. Eventually the upper and middle sections combined to form what is essentially the modern Ohio River. The Ohio River is a naturally shallow river that was artificially deepened by a series

the Ohio River at Cairo: 281,500 cu ft/s (7,960 m/s); and the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois, which is upstream of the confluence: 208,200 cu ft/s (5,897 m/s). In both measures, the Ohio River water flow is higher than that of the Mississippi River. From a hydrographic perspective, the Ohio River is the main stream of the whole river system. Major tributaries of the river, indicated by the location of the mouths, include: The Ohio's drainage basin covers , encompassing the easternmost regions of the Mississippi Basin. The Ohio drains parts of 15 states in four regions. The Ohio River

"Maumee River"
Maumee River The Maumee River (pronounced ) (Shawnee: ""Hotaawathiipi""; Miami-Illinois: ""Taawaawa siipiiw"") is a river running from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie in the United States. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio’s breadbasket;

river loses depth very gradually until its confluence with the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois, where it has an approximate depth of . Water levels for the Ohio River from Smithland Lock and Dam upstream to Pittsburgh are predicted daily by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ohio River Forecast Center. The water depth predictions are relative to each local flood plain based upon predicted rainfall in the Ohio River basin in five reports as follows: The water levels for the Ohio River from Smithland Lock and Dam to Cairo, Illinois, are predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Lower

Beyond Jiumenkou, an offshoot known as the Liaodong Wall continues through Liaoning province and terminates at the Hushan Great Wall, in the city of Dandong near the North Korean border. In 2009, 180 km of previously unknown sections of the wall concealed by hills, trenches and rivers were discovered with the help of infrared range finders and GPS devices. In March and April 2015 nine sections with a total length of more than , believed to be part of the Great Wall, were discovered along the border of Ningxia autonomous region and Gansu province. Before the use of bricks, the

means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor. The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses. Collectively, they stretch from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, from present-day Sino-Russian border in the north to Qinghai in the south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of Mongolian steppe. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure . This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of

such. The 493 ""Book of Song"" quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to ""the long wall of 10,000 miles"", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise. The traditional Chinese mile (, ""lǐ"") was an often irregular distance that was intended to show the length of a standard village and varied with terrain but was usually standardized at distances around a third of an English mile (540 m). Since China's metrication in 1930, it has been exactly equivalent to , which would make the wall's name describe a distance of . However, this

"Expressways of China"
2005, Zhang Chunxian, China's Minister of Transport introduced the 7918 network, later renamed the 71118 network, composed of a grid of 7 radial expressways from Beijing, 9 north-south expressways (increased to 11), and 18 east-west expressways that would form the backbone of the national expressway system. By the end of 2017, the total length of China's expressway network reached 136,500 kilometers, the world's largest expressway system by length, having surpassed the overall length of the American Interstate Highway System in 2011. Many of the major expressways parallel routes of the older China National Highways. Prior to the 1980s, freight and

There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands, if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall. Later, the Han, the Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders. The Tang and Song dynasties did not

over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls. Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong. Qi Jiguang between 1567 and 1570 also repaired and reinforced the wall, faced sections of the ram-earth wall with bricks and constructed 1,200 watchtowers from Shanhaiguan Pass to Changping to warn of approaching Mongol raiders. During the 1440s–1460s, the Ming also built a so-called ""Liaodong Wall"". Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong province,

natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be . Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history. The collection of fortifications known as the Great Wall of China has historically had a number of different names in both Chinese and English. In Chinese histories, the term ""Long Wall(s)"" (長城, ""changcheng"") appears in Sima Qian's ""Records of the Grand Historian"", where it referred both to the separate great walls built between and north of the

"Social Security number"
A Social Security Number Card. Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in November 1935 as part of the New Deal Social Security program. Within three months, 25 million numbers were issued. On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated ""typing centers"" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and

and credit records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number. The U.S. Armed Forces has used the Social Security number as an identification number for Army and Air Force personnel since July 1, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October 1, 1974. Previously, the United States military used a much more complicated system of service numbers that varied by service. Beginning in June 2011, DOD began removing the Social Security number from military identification cards. It is replaced by a unique DOD identification number, formerly

known as the EDIPI. Social Security was originally a universal tax, but when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system. Because of this, not every American is part of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. However, a social security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes, and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Old Order Amish have fought

announced that the first Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about 14, since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction. Before this act, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie

"History of Social Security in the United States"
are thus often referred to as ""FICA taxes."" After years of debates about the inclusion of domestic labor, household employees working at least two days a week for the same person were added in 1950, along with nonprofit workers and the self-employed. Hotel workers, laundry workers, all agricultural workers, and state and local government employees were added in 1954. In 1956, the tax rate was raised to 4.0 percent (2.0 percent for the employer, 2.0 percent for the employee) and disability benefits were added. Also in 1956, women were allowed to retire at 62 with benefits reduced by 25 percent.

children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the application for a birth certificate. The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. It has since come to be used as an identifier for individuals within the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates do exist. As numbers are now assigned by the central issuing office of the SSA, it is unlikely that duplication will ever occur again. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) Post Offices. Employee, patient, student,

"National identification number"
MyKad. Prior to January 1, 2004, a separate social security (""SOCSO"") number (also the old IC number in format 'S#########', S denotes state of birth or country of origin (alphabet or number), # is a 9-digit serial number) was used for social security-related affairs. The first group of numbers (YYMMDD) are the date of birth. The second group of numbers (SS) represents the place of birth of the holder - the states (01-13), the federal territories (14-16) or the country of origin (60-85). The last group of numbers (###G) is a serial number in an unidentified pattern which is randomly

to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license. Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification. Since nearly everyone in the United States now has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed. Since then, Social Security numbers have become ""de facto"" national identification numbers. Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate

Widows of covered workers were allowed to retire at 62 without the reduction in benefits. In 1961, retirement at age 62 was extended to men, and the tax rate was increased to 6.0%. In 1962, the changing role of the female worker was acknowledged when benefits of covered women could be collected by dependent husbands, widowers, and children. These individuals, however, had to be able to prove their dependency. Medicare and Medicaid were added in 1965 by the Social Security Act of 1965, part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's ""Great Society"" program. In 1965, the age at which widows could

began. Five cents were withheld from his pay during that period, and he received a lump-sum payout of seventeen cents from Social Security. The first monthly payment was issued on January 31, 1940 to Ida May Fuller of Ludlow, Vermont. In 1937, 1938, and 1939, she paid a total of $24.75 into the Social Security System. Her first check was for $22.54. After her second check, Fuller already had received more than she contributed over the three-year period. She ultimately reached her 100th birthday, dying in 1975 and she collected a total of $22,888.92. The provisions of Social Security have

under the federal unemployment tax act which party pays unemployment taxes

"Federal Unemployment Tax Act"
through 2016, and their respective reduction amounts (in %): The following wages are exempt from Federal Unemployment Tax Act payments: Federal Unemployment Tax Act The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (or FUTA, ) is a United States federal law that imposes a federal employer tax used to help fund state workforce agencies. Employers report this tax by filing an annual Form 940 with the Internal Revenue Service. In some cases, the employer is required to pay the tax in installments during the tax year. FUTA covers a federal share of the costs of administering the unemployment insurance (UI) and job service

Federal Unemployment Tax Act The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (or FUTA, ) is a United States federal law that imposes a federal employer tax used to help fund state workforce agencies. Employers report this tax by filing an annual Form 940 with the Internal Revenue Service. In some cases, the employer is required to pay the tax in installments during the tax year. FUTA covers a federal share of the costs of administering the unemployment insurance (UI) and job service programs in every state. In addition, FUTA pays one-half of the cost of extended unemployment benefits (during periods of high

"Unemployment benefits"
to 73 weeks. The Supreme Court held that federal unemployment law is constitutional and does not violate the Tenth Amendment in ""Steward Machine Company v. Davis"", 301 U.S. 548 (1937). Unemployment insurance is a federal-state program financed through federal and state payroll taxes (federal and state UI taxes). In most states employers pay state and federal unemployment taxes if: To facilitate this program, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), which authorizes the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect an annual federal employer tax used to fund state workforce agencies. FUTA covers the costs of administering the

the taxation of unemployment compensation, but the legislation did not advance past committee. Most states with income tax consider unemployment compensation to be taxable. Prior to 1987, unemployment compensation amounts were excluded from federal gross income. For the US Federal tax year of 2009, as a result of the signing of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 signed by Barack Obama on 17 February 2009 the first $2,400 worth of unemployment income received during the 'tax year' of 2009 will be exempted from being considered as taxable income on the Federal level, when American taxpayers file their 2009

unemployment) and provides for a fund from which states may borrow, if necessary, to pay benefits. Until June 30, 2011, the Federal Unemployment Tax Act imposed a tax of 6.2%, which was composed of a permanent rate of 6.0% and a temporary rate of 0.2%, which was passed by Congress in 1976. The temporary rate was extended many times, but it expired on June 30, 2011. Consequently, for the years until 2010 and the first six months of 2011, the FUTA imposed a 6.2% tax (before credits) on the first $7,000 of gross earnings of each worker per year. Once

a ten-year period. These moves are estimated to save the state over $450 million. The argument for taxation of social welfare benefits is that they result in a realized gain for a taxpayer. The argument against taxation is that the benefits are generally less than the federal poverty level. Unemployment compensation has been taxable by the federal government since 1987. Code Section 85 deemed unemployment compensation included in gross income. Federal taxes are not withheld from unemployment compensation at the time of payment unless requested by the recipient using Form W-4V. In 2003, Rep. Philip English introduced legislation to repeal

"State unemployment tax act"
State unemployment tax act Taxes under State Unemployment Tax Act (or SUTA) are those designed to finance the cost of state unemployment insurance benefits in the United States, which make up all of unemployment insurance expenditures in normal times, and the majority of unemployment insurance expenditures during downturns, with the remainder paid in part by the federal government for ""emergency"" benefit extensions. The tax is unique in two primary aspects. First, the tax is experience rated which means that tax rates are firm-specific and the rate a firm faces updates each year to reflect the cost of the benefits that

"Unemployment in the United States"
taxes for a 24-month period employers who hire an employee who replaces another employee who is not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States and who performs similar duties overseas; (2) deny any tax deduction, deduction for loss, or tax credit for the cost of an American jobs offshoring transaction (defined as any transaction in which a taxpayer reduces or eliminates the operation of a trade or business in connection with the start-up or expansion of such trade or business outside the United States); and (3) eliminate the deferral of tax on income of a controlled foreign corporation

"Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax"
Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA ) is a United States federal payroll (or employment) contribution directed towards both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare—federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, people with disabilities, and children of deceased workers. The Insurance also provides funds to the health care system for institutions that provide healthcare for workers that do not have health insurance and cannot afford healthcare treatment. Social Security benefits include old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI); Medicare provides hospital insurance benefits for the elderly. The amount that one pays in payroll

$56 per employee ((.062-.054) x $7,000) versus the FUTA maximum of $42. Within the above constraints, the individual states and territories raise their own contributions and run their own programs. The federal government sets broad guidelines for coverage and eligibility, but states vary in how they determine benefits and eligibility. Federal rules are drawn by the United States Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. For most states, the maximum period for receiving benefits is 26 weeks. There is an extended benefit program (authorized through the Social Security Acts) that may be triggered by the state unemployment rate. Congress has

place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America. The country consists of a wealthy Capitol city, located in the Rocky Mountains, surrounded by twelve (originally thirteen) poorer districts ruled by the Capitol. The Capitol is lavishly rich and technologically advanced, but the districts are in varying states of poverty. The trilogy's narrator and protagonist Katniss Everdeen, lives in District 12, the poorest region of Panem, located in Appalachia, where people regularly die of starvation. As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol (called the ""Dark Days""), in which District 13

"Fictional world of The Hunger Games"
Fictional world of The Hunger Games ""The Hunger Games"" universe is a fictional world appearing in ""The Hunger Games"" trilogy written by Suzanne Collins. It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem, its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides, and the outlying districts, numbered 1 to 12, each with a different economy. In addition, there is the secretive District 13, where a rebel force is building strength. The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which two children from each district, selected through a process called ""reaping"", are forced to participate in a battle to the death. The

universe also contains fictional flora and fauna, such as the Mockingjay, a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device, and after whom the third book in the series is named. The series takes place in the fictional nation of Panem, which has replaced the 21st century North American nations at an unspecified future time after a series of ecological disasters and a great war. The name is the Latin word for ""bread"". Panem consists of a Capitol city located in the Rocky Mountains, surrounded by thirteen outlying Districts. The government is a totalitarian dictatorship similar to ancient Rome,

records at the box office. ""The Hunger Games"" (2012) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. """" (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November. """" (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including """" (2015), received a positive reception from critics, with praise aimed at its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's performance. ""The Hunger Games"" is the 20th highest-grossing film franchise of all time, having grossed over US$2.97 billion worldwide. Following the release of Suzanne Collins' novel ""The

By the time the film adaptation of ""The Hunger Games"" was released in 2012, the publisher had reported over 26 million ""Hunger Games"" trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books. ""The Hunger Games"" universe is a dystopia set in Panem, a country consisting of the wealthy Capitol and 12 districts in varying states of poverty. Every year, children from the districts are selected to participate in a compulsory televised battle royale death match called The Hunger Games. The novels were all well received. In August 2012, the series ranked second, exceeded only by the ""Harry Potter"" series in NPR's

is the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur, in which, as a punishment for past crimes, Minos forces Athens to sacrifice seven youths and seven maidens to the Minotaur, which kills them in a vast labyrinth. Collins says that even as a child, she was stunned by the idea since ""it was just so cruel"" to force Athens to sacrifice its own children. Collins also cites as a classical inspiration the Roman gladiator games. She feels three key elements create a good game: an all powerful and ruthless government, people forced to fight to the death, and the game's

films finished first at the North American box office during both their opening and second weekend. In North America, ""The Hunger Games"" film series is the second highest-grossing film series based on young adult books, after the Harry Potter series, earning over $1.4 billion. Worldwide, it is the third highest-grossing film series based on young-adult books after the film series of ""Harry Potter"" and ""The Twilight Saga"", respectively, having grossed over $2.9 billion. In North America, it is the eighth highest-grossing film franchise of all time. Worldwide, it is the 15th or 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time. All

opening weekend (Fandango sold 22% of the film's opening weekend tickets). Interpretations of the film's themes and messages have been widely discussed among critics and general commentators. In his review for ""The Washington Times"", Peter Suderman expressed that ""[m]aybe it's a liberal story about inequality and the class divide. Maybe it's a libertarian epic about the evils of authoritarian government. Maybe it's a feminist revision on the sci-fi action blockbuster. Maybe it's a bloody satire of reality television"", but concludes the film only proposes these theories and brings none of them to a reasonable conclusion. Reviewers and critics have differing

Games, as the Games were instituted as a punishment for the twelve remaining districts of Panem for their failed rebellion. Once there were thirteen districts, but District 13 was supposedly destroyed by the Capitol as a result of the rebellion. The Games are an annual cause for celebration in the Capitol; citizens gamble on the tributes and sponsor their favorites in the arena, providing water, food, weapons, and other necessary provisions. Past victors are often able to cultivate celebrity status in the Capitol. Despite the bloodthirsty nature of the Games, the people of the Capitol are shown to be vulnerable

Safehold
barely mentioned in the books so far; the main issue is the divergence of the official church from its original aims versus the outlying areas which deny the leadership of the corrupt vicars. Every book after the first has a name taken from a hymn. In the 24th century, the Terran Federation — Earth and its colonies — discovers the ruins of a nearby alien civilization, the victim of an enemy they name the Gbaba. The inevitable confrontation arrives 10 years later. The Federation Navy is well prepared for battle, but it is outnumbered and outgunned. A Terran fleet takes

When she learns that Alex left the children at her house, she is terrified, knowing that Kevin will hunt her down at her house, putting the children's lives in danger. As they reach Katie's house, Kevin attacks Alex with a crowbar. Kevin is going to shoot and kill Katie, but when he fires the gun, the bullet hits Kevin in the stomach and he dies in front of Katie. Alex had been given an unopened letter from his dead wife, Carly. After he and Katie recover from their injuries, they locate the safe in the ashes of the burnt home.

Safehold
to Corisande and does much to encourage ecumenism across the Empire of Charis. Merlin breaks up a vast conspiracy that includes Temple Loyalist prelates, Corisandian nobles and the Grand Duke of Zebediah. All are attainted for treason. In Zion, Clyntahn wins support for Holy War and begins a great purge of reformists from the Temple. Merlin adopts the guise of ""Ahbraim Zhevons"" of Silkiah to help Madam Ahnzhelyk Phonda get as many to safety as possible. Even so, more than 2,000 people are brutally tortured and murdered by the Inquisition. Clyntahn becomes the dominant member of the Group of Four.

Safehold
the war to the Temple, Charis plans to conquer every realm in its maritime region before invading the mainland. Cayleb assembles his forces and embarks for the first target, Corisande. In Ferayd, Kingdom of Delferahk, the Imperial Charisian Navy proves that the Inquisition murdered innocents. Charis hangs the priests responsible, an unprecedented action. Emperor Cayleb gets a warm welcome in Chisholm during a stop to rally forces and supplies. He continues on to Zebediah, a League of Corisande vassal state. There, he warily accepts the fealty of its governor, who is known for treachery. The elite Imperial Marines secure a

He gives Katie the unopened letter to read. She goes home to read it and is shocked when she sees Jo's house looking like no one had ever lived in it. Startled, she begins to think that Jo had been a complete figment of her imagination. Upon reading the letter, Katie realizes that it was written by Alex's late wife, Carly Jo, whom friends called ""Jo"". Katie realizes that her friend Jo was really Carly's spirit. In the letter, Carly Jo asked Katie to take care of Alex and the children. After Katie reads the letter, she sees lights in

"Jason Voorhees"
Jason exacts revenge on Alice for decapitating his mother in the original film. Jason (Steven Dash and Warrington Gillette), returns to Crystal Lake, living there as a hermit and guarding it from all intruders. Five years later a group of teenagers arrive to set up a new camp, only to be murdered one by one by Jason, who wears a sack over his head to hide his face. Ginny (Amy Steel), the lone survivor, finds a makeshift shack in the woods with a shrine built around the severed head of Mrs. Voorhees, and surrounded by corpses. Ginny fights back and

the 13th"" reboot, young Jason (Caleb Guss) witnesses his mother's (Nana Visitor) beheading as a child and follows in her footsteps, killing anyone who comes to Crystal Lake. The adult Jason (Derek Mears) kidnaps Whitney Miller (Amanda Righetti), a girl who looks like his mother, and holds her prisoner in his underground tunnels. Months later, Whitney's brother Clay (Jared Padalecki) comes to Crystal Lake and rescues her. Eventually, Whitney uses Jason's devotion to his mother against him, stabbing him with his own machete while he is distracted when she appears. When his body is dumped into the lake, Jason emerges

"Kane Hodder"
Kane Hodder Kane Warren Hodder (born April 8, 1954) is an American actor, stuntman, and author. Hodder is best known for his portrayal of Jason Voorhees (five times) in four films from the ""Friday the 13th"" film series: """", """", """", ""Jason X"" and the video game """". He is also known for his role as Victor Crowley in the ""Hatchet"" series. He also played Leatherface during the stunts of """" and Freddy Krueger's clawed glove hand in """". Hodder was born in Auburn, California in 1954. Early in his career, during an interview he offered to show the interviewer

slams a machete through Jason's shoulder. He is left incapacitated as Ginny is taken away in an ambulance. In ""Friday the 13th Part III"" (1982), Jason (Richard Brooker) escapes to a nearby lake resort, Higgins Haven, to rest from his wounds. At the same time, Chris Higgins (Dana Kimmell) returns to family property with some friends. An unmasked and reclusive Jason kills anyone who wanders into the barn where he is hiding. Taking a hockey mask from a victim to hide his face, he leaves the barn to kill the rest of the group. Chris fends off Jason by slamming

of time after ""Jason Lives"". Jason (Kane Hodder) is inadvertently freed from his chains by the telekinetic Tina Shepard (Lar Park Lincoln), who was attempting to resurrect her father. Jason begins killing those who occupy Crystal Lake, and after a battle with Tina, is dragged back to the bottom of the lake by an apparition of Tina's father. """" (1989) sees Jason return from the grave, brought back to life via an underwater electrical cable. He follows a group of students on their senior class trip to Manhattan, boarding the ""Lazarus"" to wreak havoc. Upon reaching Manhattan, Jason kills all

"Ari Lehman"
Feature."" Ari Lehman Ari Lehman (born May 2, 1965 in New York, New York) is an American performing artist, composer, and actor. He is known for having played the first Jason Voorhees as a child in the Paramount horror film ""Friday the 13th"". Lehman currently performs in a punk rock/heavy metal band, First Jason. A native New Yorker, Ari Lehman grew up in Westport, CT, where he trained in Classical Music and Jazz Piano. Lehman was presented with an All-State Award for Excellence in Jazz Piano and a scholarship to Berklee School of Music by jazz educator, Dr. Billy Taylor.

"Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday"
mask while digging in the dirt. Freddy Krueger's gloved hand bursts out of the dirt and pulls Jason's mask into the ground. John D. LeMay is one of only two actors from the TV series to appear in the film series; the other is John Shepherd, who played Tommy Jarvis in """". Producer Sean S. Cunningham originally conceived an action-horror film in which Jason Voorhees would battle Freddy Krueger of the ""A Nightmare on Elm Street"" series. Paramount Pictures, who had released the previous eight ""Friday the 13th"" films, negotiated with New Line Cinema over the rights to the series,

Jarvis (John Shepherd), who was committed to a mental hospital after the events of ""The Final Chapter"", and has grown up constantly afraid that Jason (Tom Morga) will return. Jason's body was supposedly cremated after Tommy killed him. Roy Burns (Dick Wieand) uses Jason's persona to become a copycat killer at the halfway home to which Tommy was moved. Jason appears in the film only through Tommy's dreams and hallucinations. In """" (1986), Tommy (Thom Mathews), who has run away from a mental institution, visits Jason's grave and learns that Jason's body was never actually cremated, but buried in a

"The Bourne Legacy (film)"
a remote cabin as punishment for missing training and going off the grid for four days. The cabin is operated by an exiled Outcome operative, Number Three (Oscar Isaac), who informs Aaron that he has broken the mission record by two days. As an Outcome operative, Aaron uses experimental pills known as ""chems"" (chemicals) which enhance the physical and mental abilities of their users. After the Treadstone and Blackbriar programs are exposed, retired Air Force colonel Eric Byer (Edward Norton) is tasked with containing the fallout. He discovers a potentially scandalous video on the Internet showing a meeting between Treadstone

Ari Lehman Ari Lehman (born May 2, 1965 in New York, New York) is an American performing artist, composer, and actor. He is known for having played the first Jason Voorhees as a child in the Paramount horror film ""Friday the 13th"". Lehman currently performs in a punk rock/heavy metal band, First Jason. A native New Yorker, Ari Lehman grew up in Westport, CT, where he trained in Classical Music and Jazz Piano. Lehman was presented with an All-State Award for Excellence in Jazz Piano and a scholarship to Berklee School of Music by jazz educator, Dr. Billy Taylor. Lehman

death rates, growth rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai (Bombay), and Kolkata (Calcutta). Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunisation. Other factors included rising incomes, better living conditions, improved nutrition, a safer and cleaner environment, and better official health policies and medical care. India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population lived in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8%

Demographics of India India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's population. According to , the population stood at . During 1975–2010 the population doubled to 1.2 billion. The Indian population reached the billion mark in 1998. India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2024, surpassing the population of China. It is expected to become the first political entity in history to be home to more than 1.5 billion people by 2030, and its population is set to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate

(09.02.2011) (Census) (Includes data for the Indian-administered part of Jammu and Kashmir): Population pyramid 2016 (estimates) From the Demographic Health Survey: The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. 1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA), 1,210 million (2011 census), 1,281,935,911 (July 2017 est.) 72.2%; male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 census) ""0–14 years:"" 27.34% (male 186,087,665/female 164,398,204) <br>""15-24 years:"" 17.9% (male 121,879,786/female 107,583,437) <br>""25-54 years:"" 41.08% (male 271,744,709/female 254,834,569) <br>""55-64 years:"" 7.45% (male 47,846,122/female 47,632,532) <br>""65+ years:"" 6.24% (male 37,837,801/female 42,091,086) (2017 est.) 27.9 years 1.17% (2017 est.) 74% (age 7 and above, in 2011) <br>81.4% (total

represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of Haplogroup M Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to seek insights into India's demographic and cultural diversity. These studies paint a complex and conflicting picture. Demographics of India India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's population. According to , the population stood at . During 1975–2010 the population doubled to 1.2 billion. The Indian population reached the billion mark in 1998. India is projected to be the world's most populous country by

lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. India's population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010. However, because Africa's population growth is nearly double that of India, it is expected to surpass both China and India by 2025. The table below summarises India's demographics (excluding the Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent. The data is ""unadjusted"" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); the 1981 census was not

India
are the highest forms of government recognition for athletic achievement; the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. Overview Etymology History Geography Biodiversity Politics Foreign relations and military Economy Demographics Culture Government General information India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on

that these projections make assumptions about future fertility and death rates which may not turn out to be correct in the event. Fertility rates also vary from region to region, with some higher than the national average and some lower. In millions (example: 361 = 361,000,000) Source: The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India, but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India). According to a 2009 study published by Reich ""et al""., the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent

is 1.13%, ranking 112th in the world in 2017. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4. India has more than two thousand , and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates (the

and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707). The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire years. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950 The population of India under the British Raj (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) according to censuses: Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and

"2011 Census of India"
in population census in India for first time in 2011. The overall sex ratio of the population is 943 females for every 1,000 males in 2011. The official count of the third gender in India is 490,000 The population of India as per 2011 census was . India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. Over half the population resided in the six most populous states

"Munmun Dutta"
letter to the Indian Education System criticizing education patterns of India. She has also been sponsoring education for her hair dresser's daughter and also her house maid’s kid(s). Munmun Dutta Munmun Dutta is an Indian film and television actress and model. She plays Babita Iyer in the long-running Hindi sitcom ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"". Dutta completed a Masters degree in English. While living in Pune, Dutta participated in fashion shows. She came to Mumbai and had her acting debut in Zee TV's 2004 serial ""Hum Sab Baraati"". Her first film role was in Kamal Haasan's ""Mumbai Xpress"". In 2006,

Neha Mehta Neha Mehta (born 9 June 1978) is an Indian television actress. She is best known for her role of Anjali Mehta in India's longest running sitcom TV serial ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"". Mehta was born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Mehta ancestrally belongs to Patan, Gujarat but was brought up in Vadodara and Ahmedabad. She comes from a family that has deep roots in Gujarati literature and she herself is a Gujarati speaker. Her father is a popular writer who inspired her to become an actress. She holds a degree in Masters in Performing arts (MPA), in Indian Classical

"Disha Vakani"
Disha Vakani Disha Vakani (born 17 August 1978) is an Indian film and television actress. She made her career as a stage actress in Gujarati plays like ""Kamal Patel v/s Dhamal Patel"" and ""Lali Lila"". She has appeared in supporting roles in films like ""Devdas"" (2002) and ""Jodha Akbar"" (2008). She is playing the lead role of Daya Jethalal Gada in SAB TV's sitcom ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"" since 2008. Disha Vakani was born in a Gujarati family in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. She graduated in the Dramatic arts from Gujarat College in Ahmedabad. She married a Mumbai-based chartered accountant named

"Taal (film)"
Kapoor, A. R. Rahman, Alka Yagnik and Anand Bakshi each won a Filmfare Award for their work in the film. Aishwarya Rai was nominated for Filmfare Best Actress Award and Star Screen Award Best Actress for her performance. When the wealthy and affluent family of Mr. Jagmohan Mehta (Amrish Puri) and his son Manav Mehta (Akshaye Khanna) arrive in Chamba, India for a long vacation, they meet the beautiful daughter, Mansi (Aishwarya Rai) of a poor spiritual singer named Tara Babu (Alok Nath). Jagmohan Mehta, as owner of the Mehta & Mehta Group of Companies is looking into investing in

"Tahader Katha"
back home, Shibnath is accompanied by one of his comrades, Bipin Gupta (played by Dipankar De)—now a successful businessman and an aspiring politician in independent India. Shibnath experiences the aftermath of Partition of India (India was partitioned in Republic of India and Pakistan in 1947, at the time of independence), with his own family becoming refugees, and his ancestral village now belonging to a separate nation of East Pakistan. With the help of Bipin Gupta, his family now resides in rural West Bengal. Once cutting a formidable figure as a virile and courageous freedom fighter crusading for a united and

Dance and Diploma in Vocal and drama. Mehta did Gujarati theatre for many years. She started her Indian television career in 2001 Zee TV channel serial called ""Dollar Bahu"". From 2002 to 2008 she played title role in STAR Plus TV serial ""Bhabhi"". It was India's fourth longest running TV serial. Since 28 July 2008, she is playing the role of Anjali Mehta in SAB TV's television series ""Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah"" which is currently her longest television run. Anjali Mehta is the wife of the narrator and main character in the show, Taarak Mehta. Her character is a

"Khatta Meetha (2010 film)"
(Tinu Anand) they kill him later fearing he would reveal the truth. Meanwhile, Sanjay's lustful eyes fall on Sachin's sister Anjali (Urvashi Sharma). Sachin warns him to keep away from Anjali by slapping him in his office. Meanwhile, a journalist named Azad Bhagat (Makrand Deshpande) wants justice as his family were killed in that accident. Anjali gets married to Sanjay, unbeknownst to Sachin. When he confronts his father Ramakant Tichkule (Kulbhushan Kharbanda) as to how the marriage is finalized to an evil man without his knowledge, he reprimands Sachin, saying he has no right to say he didn't know anything

"The Shape of Water"
Awards. ""The Shape of Water"" premiered on August 31, 2017 at the 74th Venice International Film Festival. It also screened at Telluride Film Festival, the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival and BFI London Film Festival, among others. The film was released in two theaters in New York City on December 1, 2017 and then expanded to several other cities the following week. It had its official wide release in the United States on December 22, 2017. On March 13, 2018, the film was released on Blu-ray, DVD and digital download. ""The Shape of Water"" grossed $63.9 million in the United

States and Canada, and $131.4 million in other countries, for a total of $195.2 million. After grossing $4.6 million over three weeks of limited release, the film began its wide release on December 22, 2017, alongside the openings of ""Downsizing"", ""Pitch Perfect 3"" and ""Father Figures"", and the wide expansion of ""Darkest Hour"", and grossed $3 million from 726 theaters over the weekend, and $4.4 million over the four-day Christmas frame. The following weekend, the film made $3.5 million. The weekend of January 27, 2018, following the announcement of the film's 13 Oscar nominations, the film was added to over

it premiered on August 31, 2017, and was awarded the Golden Lion for best film. It was also screened at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. It began a limited release in two theaters in New York City on December 1, 2017, before expanding wide on December 23, 2017, and grossed $195 million worldwide. ""The Shape of Water"" received critical acclaim for its acting, screenplay, direction, visuals, production design, and musical score, with many critics calling the film del Toro's best work since ""Pan's Labyrinth""; the American Film Institute selected it as one of the top 10 films of the

year. ""The Shape of Water"" received a number of awards and nominations, including thirteen nominations at the 90th Academy Awards, where it won for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Production Design, and Best Original Score. It was nominated for seven awards at the 75th Golden Globe Awards, winning for Best Director and Best Original Score, twelve at the 71st British Academy Film Awards, winning three awards, including Best Director and fourteen nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and won four awards. A novelization by del Toro and Daniel Kraus was published on March 6, 2018. Elisa Esposito (Sally Hawkins),

"The Shape of Water (novel)"
in a car accident – after previously having had one due to an epileptic seizure that required him to wear a neck brace (which we assume is the same one that Montalbano found at the outdoor brothel, and which we also assume was there because of being used by Rizzo and the Ingrid look-alike to make Luparello appear to be alive during the ""sex"" act at the outdoor brothel). The Shape of Water (novel) The Shape of Water (""La forma dell'acqua"") is a 1994 novel by Andrea Camilleri, translated into English in 2002 by Stephen Sartarelli. It is the first

about the notion that Strickland would have been the hero of the film if it had been made in the 1950s, something that fascinated the actor. Octavia Spencer, who played the role of Elisa's co-worker, friend and interpreter Zelda found it funny that the people Del Toro used to speak for the mute main character were people who represent very disenfranchised groups. Filming began on August 15, 2016, in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, and wrapped on November 6, 2016. In an interview with IndieWire about the film, del Toro said, ""This movie is a healing movie for me. ... For

The Shape of Water The Shape of Water is a 2017 American romantic dark fantasy drama film directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor. It stars Sally Hawkins, Michael Shannon, Richard Jenkins, Doug Jones, Michael Stuhlbarg, and Octavia Spencer. Set in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1962, the story follows a mute custodian at a high-security government laboratory who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature. Filming took place in Ontario, Canada, between August and November 2016. The film was screened in the main competition section of the 74th Venice International Film Festival, where

"Into the Water"
evocative language."" Into the Water Into the Water (2017) is a thriller novel by British author Paula Hawkins. It is Hawkins' second full-length thriller following the success of ""The Girl on the Train"". Although the novel performed well, becoming a ""Sunday Times"" best seller and featuring on The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2017, critical reception was generally not as positive as it had been for her debut thriller. Several critics were confused by the myriad of characters (the story is told from the viewpoint of 11 characters) and the similarity of their voices. In February 2017, before

Into the Water Into the Water (2017) is a thriller novel by British author Paula Hawkins. It is Hawkins' second full-length thriller following the success of ""The Girl on the Train"". Although the novel performed well, becoming a ""Sunday Times"" best seller and featuring on The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2017, critical reception was generally not as positive as it had been for her debut thriller. Several critics were confused by the myriad of characters (the story is told from the viewpoint of 11 characters) and the similarity of their voices. In February 2017, before the book

The Shape of Water (novel) The Shape of Water (""La forma dell'acqua"") is a 1994 novel by Andrea Camilleri, translated into English in 2002 by Stephen Sartarelli. It is the first novel in the internationally popular Inspector Montalbano series and the third of the RAI TV Montalbano films. Silvio Luparello, an engineer, developer, and aspiring politician from an aristocratic construction family, dies of a heart attack while having sex with his nephew and lover Giorgio at his beach house. The nephew panics, and, wanting to protect his uncle from the embarrassing circumstance of his death and not trusting himself to

who discovered that neural communication between cells occurs through chemicals

"Neural therapy"
The idea underlying the therapy is that ""interference fields"" (""Störfelder"") at certain sites of the body are responsible for a type of electric energy that causes illness. The fields can be disrupted by injection, allowing the body to heal. The practice originated in 1925 when Ferdinand Huneke, a German surgeon, used a newly launched pain drug that contained procaine (a local anaesthetic) on his sister who had severe intractable migraines. Instead of using it intramuscularly as recommended he injected it intravenously and the migraine attack stopped immediately. He and his brother Walter subsequently used Novocaine in a similar way to

"History of neuroscience"
proposing the theory of dualism to tackle the issue of the brain's relation to the mind. He suggested that the pineal gland was where the mind interacted with the body after recording the brain mechanisms responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid. Thomas Willis studied the brain, nerves, and behavior to develop neurologic treatments. He described in great detail the structure of the brainstem, the cerebellum, the ventricles, and the cerebral hemispheres. The role of electricity in nerves was first observed in dissected frogs by Luigi Galvani in the second half of the 18th century. In the 1820s, Jean Pierre Flourens pioneered

the experimental method of carrying out localized lesions of the brain in animals describing their effects on motricity, sensibility and behavior. Richard Caton presented his findings in 1875 about electrical phenomena of the cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys. Studies of the brain became more sophisticated after the invention of the microscope and the development of a staining procedure by Camillo Golgi during the late 1890s that used a silver chromate salt to reveal the intricate structures of single neurons. His technique was used by Santiago Ramón y Cajal and led to the formation of the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis

"Erwin Neher"
Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. Along with Bert Sakmann, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991 for ""their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"". Neher and Sakmann were the first to record the currents of single ion channels on a live cell (they were first recorded using the lipid bilayer method) through their development of the patch-clamp technique, a project Neher began as a postdoctoral research associate in the laboratory of Charles F. Stevens at Yale. He is now a director at

"Paul Greengard"
annual prize is awarded to an outstanding woman conducting biomedical research. Paul Greengard won first place in a potato-sack race at a Boy Scout Jamboree in New York. Paul Greengard Paul Greengard (born December 11, 1925) is an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He is currently Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's

"Neuroscience of sleep"
the deprivation of it. Sleep deprivation is common and sometimes even necessary in modern societies because of occupational and domestic reasons like round-the-clock service, security or media coverage, cross-time-zone projects etc. This makes understanding the effects of sleep deprivation very important. Many studies have been done from the early 1900s to document the effect of sleep deprivation. The study of REM deprivation began with William C. Dement more than fifty years ago. He conducted a sleep and dream research project on eight subjects, all male. For a span of up to 7 days, he deprived the participants of REM sleep

"Neural adaptation"
sensory stimulation appears to temporarily decrease the gain of thalamocortical synaptic transmission. Adaptation of cortical responses was stronger and recovered more slowly. In the late 1800s, Hermann Helmholtz, a German physician and physicist, extensively researched conscious sensations and different types of perception . He defined sensations as the ""raw elements"" of conscious experience that required no learning, and perceptions as the meaningful interpretations derived from the senses. He studied the physical properties of the eye and vision, as well as acoustic sensation. In one of his classic experiments regarding how space perception could be altered by experience, participants wore glasses

Paul Greengard Paul Greengard (born December 11, 1925) is an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He is currently Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, as well as the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. He is married to artist Ursula von Rydingsvard. Greengard was born in New York

that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron. Golgi and Ramón y Cajal shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for their extensive observations, descriptions and categorizations of neurons throughout the brain. The hypotheses of the neuron doctrine were supported by experiments following Galvani's pioneering work in the electrical excitability of muscles and neurons. In the late 19th century, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Johannes Peter Müller, and Hermann von Helmholtz showed neurons were electrically excitable and that their activity predictably affected the electrical state of adjacent neurons. In parallel with this research, work with brain-damaged patients

"Gilbert Ashwell"
Gilbert Ashwell Gilbert Ashwell (July 16, 1916 – June 27, 2014) was a biochemist at the National Institutes of Health in the United States. He is a member of the National Academy of Science for his work with Anatol Morell in isolating the first cell receptor. Ashwell was born in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1916. After high school, he went to college to further his education. He attended the University of Illinois, where he earned his B.A.in 1938 and M.S. in 1941. He then went to Columbia University in New York, which was closer to his hometown, to spend

"IRS penalties"
IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is primarily responsible for charging these penalties at the Federal level. The IRS can assert only those penalties specified imposed under Federal tax law. State and local rules vary widely, are administered by state and local authorities, and are not discussed herein. Penalties may be monetary or may involve forfeiture of property. Criminal penalties may include jail time, but are imposed only by a federal judge after a defendant is convicted. Most monetary penalties

are imposed in the form of an excise tax. Pension and benefit plans must pay a tax for a variety of failures. Charities and private foundations must pay an excise tax on prohibited transactions and other failures. Intentional filing of materially false tax returns is a criminal offence. A person convicted of committing tax fraud, or aiding and abetting another in committing tax fraud, may be subject to forfeiture of property and/or jail time. Conviction and sentencing is through the court system. Responsibility for prosecution falls to the U.S. Department of Justice, not the Internal Revenue Service. Penalties may be

and may be substantial. Some penalties are imposed as excise taxes on particular transactions. Certain other penalties apply for other types of failures. Certain acts may result in forfeiture of property of the taxpayer. There are over 150 kinds of civil penalties in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, ranging in severity which is reflected in the amount of the applicable fines. Taxpayers are required to have withholding of tax or make quarterly estimated tax payments before the end of the tax year. Because accurate estimation requires accurate prediction of the future, taxpayers sometimes underestimate the amount due. The penalty for

assessed against tax protesters who raise arguments that income tax laws are not valid, or who otherwise file frivolous returns or court petitions. Penalties also apply to people who promote tax shelters or who fail to maintain and disclose lists of reportable transactions their customers or clients for those transactions. These monetary penalties can be severe. Most penalties are subject to judicial review. However, the courts rarely modify assessment of the penalties and interest for underestimate or late payment. IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters.

penalty on the amount of tax owed. Special rules apply for each of these types of errors under which the penalty may be waived. Certain types of returns, called ""information returns,"" do not require payment of tax. These include forms filed by employers to report wages (Form W-2) and businesses to report certain payments (Form 1099 series instructions). The penalty for failures related to these forms is a dollar amount per form not timely filed, and the amount of penalty increases with the degree of lateness. The current maximum penalty for these forms is $50. Many of the forms must

indirectly, by foreign persons must file Form 5472 to report such ownership and all transactions with related parties. Failure to timely file carries a $10,000 penalty per required form. This penalty may be increased by $10,000 per month per form for continued failure to file. In addition, taxpayers who fail to report changes in foreign taxes used as credits against Federal income tax may be subject to penalties. U.S. citizen or resident taxpayers (including entities) who are beneficiaries of a foreign trust or make transfers of property to a foreign trust must report information about the transfer and the trust

are based on the amount of tax not properly paid. Penalties may increase with the period of nonpayment. Some penalties are fixed dollar amounts or fixed percentages of some measure required to be reported. Excise taxes used as penalties are imposed in the Code sections relating to particular kinds of transactions. Some penalties may be waived or abated where the taxpayer shows reasonable cause for the failure. Penalties apply for failures to file income tax returns or information returns, or for filing incorrect returns. Some penalties may be very minor. Penalties apply for certain types of errors on tax returns,

and every person who had custody and control of the funds and did not make the payment to the government. This applies to company employees and officers as individuals, as well as to companies themselves. There have been reported cases of the IRS seizing houses of those failing to pay over employee taxes. Taxpayers who are shareholders of controlled foreign corporations must file Form 5471 with respect to each such controlled foreign corporation. Penalties for failure to timely file are $10,000 to $50,000 per form, plus possible loss of foreign tax credits. U.S. corporations more than 25% owned, directly or

or corporation. Failure to timely report on Form 3520 or Form 3520-A may result in penalties of up to 35%. Similar transferors to foreign corporations failing to file Form 926 may face penalties of 10% of the value of the transfer, up to $100,000. Federal excise taxes are imposed on a variety of goods and services. Some of these taxes require purchase of tax stamps or other evidence of advance payment of tax. Some require collection of the tax by retailers. An assortment of penalties apply to manufacturers and retailers not complying with the particular rules. In addition, certain penalties

"Tax evasion in the United States"
specific information such as books, records, and papers. The IRS whistleblower award program was created to assist the IRS in obtaining necessary information. While these investigations can lead to criminal prosecution, the IRS itself has no power to prosecute crimes. The IRS can only impose monetary penalties and require payment of proper tax due. The IRS performs audits on suspicion of noncompliance but has also historically performed randomly selected audits to estimate total noncompliance; the former audits have much higher chance of noncompliance. Under the net worth and cash expenditure methods of proof, the IRS performs year-by-year-by-year comparisons of net

"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past"
Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Ghosts of Girlfriends Past is a 2009 American romantic comedy film whose plot is based on Charles Dickens' ""A Christmas Carol"". Mark Waters directed a script by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. Filming spanned February 19, 2008 to July 2008 in Rhode Island with stars Matthew McConaughey, Breckin Meyer, Jennifer Garner, Lacey Chabert and Michael Douglas. The film was released on May 1, 2009. ""Ghosts of Girlfriends Past"" features a wedding day and the day before, rather than the familiar Christmas and Christmas Eve from ""A Christmas Carol"". The three ghosts share similar appearances with the

Kevin Smith to direct, but both opted out of the movie. It was primarily filmed at Crane Castle in Ipswich, Ma The film was also the first pairing of Michael Douglas and Anne Archer since the 1987 hit thriller ""Fatal Attraction"", although they shared no scenes together. Jennifer Garner and Christa B. Allen again appear together for the first time since ""13 Going on 30"" in 2004, and they again play the older and younger versions of the same character. ""Ghosts of Girlfriends Past"" was cast by veteran Hollywood casting director Marci Liroff. As of January 2011, the film received

Ghostland
of funding and France providing 30.88%. The film was predominantly shot in Canada. In December 2016, actress Taylor Hickson was facially disfigured while shooting a scene for the film. She was rushed to the hospital and received 70 stitches but was permanently scarred. In March 2018, Hickson sued the film’s production company, Incident Productions, over lost work as a result of the incident. Hickson claimed in the lawsuit that, ""in the course of shooting the scene, the director Pascal Laugier, consistently told Hickson to pound harder on the glass with her fists"". While filming another take, the lawsuit states: Hickson,

original descriptions, and the film shares the traditional plot points from the book. Connor Mead (Matthew McConaughey) is a famous photographer and confirmed womanizer. He takes a break from his playboy lifestyle to attend his brother Paul's wedding, where he becomes reacquainted with Jenny Perotti (Jennifer Garner), Connor's childhood friend and the only girl who's ever captured his heart. After Connor delivers a drunken speech at the rehearsal dinner where he says that love isn't real, he's met in the bathroom by the ghost of his uncle Wayne (Michael Douglas), a roué who taught Connor everything he knows about seducing

"Ghost Ranch"
series shot at Ghost Ranch: Ghost Ranch was once part of the Chinle Formation, and the ""New Blood"" episode of ""Walking with Dinosaurs"" was set there, although the filming location was New Caledonia. Ghost Ranch Ghost Ranch is a retreat and education center located close to the village of Abiquiú in Rio Arriba County in north central New Mexico, United States. It was the home and studio of Georgia O'Keeffe, as well as the subject of many of her paintings. The conference center and lodgings at Ghost Ranch are run by the Presbyterian Church but open to the general public.

"Gibson Gardens"
dwellings for working and lower-middle-class families in London. The buildings are located near the corner of Northwold Road and Stoke Newington High Street (A10), close to Stoke Newington Common. They were renovated in 1975 but many period features survive, including the rare cobblestone street surfaces. Gibson Gardens was a location for shooting the video of the 2007 single ""Back to Black"" by Amy Winehouse and more recently for ""Legend"" starring Tom Hardy. The alleged Russian spy Anna Chapman and her husband lived in Gibson Gardens for a period around 2002. Stoke Newington railway station Gibson Gardens Gibson Gardens is a

"Oldway Mansion"
claim for more than £8 million in damages against Torbay Council, due to a dispute over the leases which it said had caused a delay in starting work on the redevelopment. Torbay Council rejected the claim and said that it would defend the allegations ""robustly"". On 15 August 2016, it was reported that the agreement between Torbay Council and Akkeron to develop the mansion had been terminated. Oldway Mansion has been used as a film location on several occasions. During the spring of 2004, it doubled as Buckingham Palace for the filming of """", starring Christian Slater and Neve Campbell.

"Freshwater West"
Deathly Hallows – Part 1"" and ""Part 2"". The beach scenes with Dobby the elf were filmed on the beach and ""Shell Cottage"" was constructed at the foot of the sand dunes. The cottage was removed after filming. Freshwater West was also used as a filming location in series four of BBC production, The Sarah Jane Adventures and the film ""The Thief of Bagdad"". Freshwater West Freshwater West (also known as ""Fresh West"") is a beach near Castlemartin, Pembrokeshire in West Wales. It lies along the B4319 road and is part of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. Freshwater West, noted

"The Ghost Monument"
episode took place within South Africa, marking the first time that ""Doctor Who"" conducted filming within the country. The choice of site by showrunner Chris Chibnall was aimed at providing the right environment towards his story for ""The Ghost Monument"", though this came with issues when filming began in January 2018. One major issue faced by the cast and crew, during the three week period that exterior scenes required to be filmed over, was a severe drought taking place during work, restricting cast members to having showers within two-minutes. The heat at the location also led to one member, Tosin

"Stillwater Cove Regional Park"
Stillwater Cove Regional Park Stillwater Cove Regional Park is a regional park north of Jenner, California, U.S.A. that is maintained by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department. It is located near the mouth of Stockhoff Creek. Access is by means of State Route 1. It was one of the filming locations for 20th Century Fox's 1947 fantasy film, ""The Ghost and Mrs. Muir"". The park features beach access, a historic schoolhouse, and views of the Pacific Ocean. It also offers campsites, picnic facilities, hiking, and day use parking. It has a launch area for small boats, and is popular with

Aphasia
aphasia being a disorder that contained comprehension difficulties. Despite claims of who reported on aphasia first, it was F.J. Gall that gave the first full description of aphasia after studying wounds to the brain, as well as his observation of speech difficulties resulting from vascular lesions. A recent book on the entire history of aphasia is available (Reference: Tesak, J. & Code, C. (2008) Milestones in the History of Aphasia: Theories and Protagonists.Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press.) ""Aphasia"" is from Greek ""a-"" (""without"") + ""phásis"" (""φάσις"", ""speech""). The word ""aphasia"" comes from the word ἀφασία ""aphasia"", in Ancient Greek, which

Aphasia
classification into a subtype, there can be enormous variability in the types of difficulties they experience. Instead of categorizing every individual into a specific subtype, cognitive neuropsychological approaches aim to identify the key language skills or ""modules"" that are not functioning properly in each individual. A person could potentially have difficulty with just one module, or with a number of modules. This type of approach requires a framework or theory as to what skills/modules are needed to perform different kinds of language tasks. For example, the model of Max Coltheart identifies a module that recognizes phonemes as they are spoken,

Apraxia
Apraxia Apraxia is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex) in which the individual has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, provided that the request or command is understood and the individual is willing to perform the task. The nature of the brain damage determines the severity, and the absence of sensory loss or paralysis helps to explain the level of difficulty. The term comes from the Greek ἀ- ""a-"" (""without"") and πρᾶξις ""praxis"" (""action""). There are several types of apraxia including: Apraxia is most often due

Aphasia
means ""speechlessness"", derived from ἄφατος ""aphatos"", ""speechless"" from ἀ- ""a-"", ""not, un"" and φημί ""phemi"", ""I speak"". Research is currently being done using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to witness the difference in how language is processed in normal brains vs aphasic brains. This will help researchers to understand exactly what the brain must go through in order to recover from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and how different areas of the brain respond after such an injury. Another intriguing approach being tested is that of drug therapy. Research is in progress that will hopefully uncover whether or not certain drugs

Aphasia
from herpesviral encephalitis. The herpes simplex virus affects the frontal and temporal lobes, subcortical structures, and the hippocampal tissue, which can trigger aphasia. In acute disorders, such as head injury or stroke, aphasia usually develops quickly. When caused by brain tumor, infection, or dementia, it develops more slowly. Substantial damage to tissue anywhere within the region shown in blue on the figure below can potentially result in aphasia. Aphasia can also sometimes be caused by damage to subcortical structures deep within the left hemisphere, including the thalamus, the internal and external capsules, and the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia.

Aphasia
reached as to the skills/modules where the most significant impairment lies, therapy can proceed to treat these skills. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative focal dementia that can be associated with progressive illnesses or dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia / Pick Complex Motor neuron disease, Progressive supranuclear palsy, and Alzheimer's disease, which is the gradual process of progressively losing the ability to think. Gradual loss of language function occurs in the context of relatively well-preserved memory, visual processing, and personality until the advanced stages. Symptoms usually begin with word-finding problems (naming) and progress to impaired grammar (syntax) and comprehension

Aphasia
of aphasia is from an Egyptian papyrus, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which details speech problems in a person with a traumatic brain injury to the temporal lobe. During the second half of the 19th century, aphasia was a major focus for scientists and philosophers who were working in the beginning stages of the field of psychology. In medical research, speechlessness was described as an incorrect prognosis, and there was no assumption that underlying language complications existed. Broca and his colleagues were some of the first to write about aphasia, but Wernicke was the first credited to have written extensively about

Aphagia
electrical stimulation (NMES) which utilizes low-level electrical currents to target muscle fibers from an external source (electrodes placed on the surface of the skin in strategic places to target muscles and nerves needed during the swallowing process). Aphagia Aphagia is the inability or refusal to swallow. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek prefix α, meaning ""not"" or ""without,"" and the suffix φαγία, derived from the verb φαγεῖν, meaning ""to eat."" It is related to dysphagia which is difficulty swallowing (Greek prefix δυσ, ""dys"", meaning difficult, or defective), and odynophagia, painful swallowing (from ὀδύνη, ""odyn(o)"", meaning ""pain""). Aphagia may

"Apraxia of speech"
defined by Hugo Karl Liepmann in 1908 as the ""inability to perform voluntary acts despite preserved muscle strength."" In 1969, Frederic L. Darley coined the term ""apraxia of speech"", replacing Liepmann's original term ""apraxia of the glosso-labio-pharyngeal structures."" Paul Broca had also identified this speech disorder in 1861, which he referred to as ""aphemia"": a disorder involving difficulty of articulation despite having intact language skills and muscular function. The disorder is currently referred to as ""apraxia of speech"", but was also formerly termed ""verbal dyspraxia"". The term apraxia comes from the Greek root ""praxis,"" meaning the performance of action or

Aphasia
Francis et al. (2003) reported improvements in sentence comprehension, and Kalinyak-Fliszar et al. (2011) reported improvements in auditory-visual short-term memory. Most acute cases of aphasia recover some or most skills by working with a speech-language pathologist. Recovery and improvement can continue for years after the stroke. After the onset of Aphasia, there is approximately a six-month period of spontaneous recovery; during this time, the brain is attempting to recover and repair the damaged neurons. Improvement varies widely, depending on the aphasia's cause, type, and severity. Recovery also depends on the person's age, health, motivation, handedness, and educational level. There is

ICQ
ICQ ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase ""I Seek You"". Ownership of ICQ passed from Mirabilis to AOL in 1998, and from AOL to Mail.Ru Group in 2010. The ICQ client application and service were initially released in November 1996 and the client was freely available to download. Users could register an account and would be assigned a number, like a phone number, for others to be able to contact them (users could also provide handles). ICQ was among

ICQ
with PalmPilot and the fledgling Microsoft Windows Compact Edition. At its peak around 2001, ICQ had more than 100 million accounts registered. At the time of the Mail.Ru acquisition in 2010, there were around 42 million daily users. Since 2013, ICQ has 11 million monthly users. ICQ provides all users additional services and content products: Also, users can choose and select their own avatars for their profile pages. In this way, they can protect their privacy. ICQ users are identified and distinguished from one another by UIN, or User Identification Numbers, distributed in sequential order. The UIN was invented by

ICQ
the first stand-alone instant messenger and the first online instant messenger service — while real-time chat was not in itself new to the internet (IRC being the most common platform at the time), the concept of a fully centralized service with individual user accounts focused on one-on-one conversations set the blueprint for later instant messaging services like AIM, and its influence is seen in modern social media applications. Whilst Internet Relay Chat programs, like Pirch and mIRC, dominated the market for many years, their popularity began to fall in the face of mobile computing which had begun to take hold

ICQ
network protocol used by ICQ is proprietary and using a third party client is a violation of ICQ Terms of Service, nevertheless a number of third-party clients have been created by using reverse-engineering and protocol descriptions. These clients include: AOL supported clients include: ICQ ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase ""I Seek You"". Ownership of ICQ passed from Mirabilis to AOL in 1998, and from AOL to Mail.Ru Group in 2010. The ICQ client application and service were initially

Email
(RFC 561). An email message sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic email sent today. Email had an important role in creating the Internet, and the conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. Historically, the term ""electronic mail"" was used generically for any electronic document transmission. For example, several writers in the early 1970s used the term to describe fax document transmission. As a result, it is difficult to find the first citation for the use of the term with the more specific meaning it has

ICQ
Technologies, headed by Alisher Usmanov, for $187.5 million. While ICQ was displaced by AOL Instant Messenger, Google Talk, and other competitors in the U.S. and many other countries over the 2000s, it remained the most popular instant messaging network in Russian-speaking countries, and an important part of online culture. Popular UINs demanded over 11,000 rubles in 2010. In September of that year, Digital Sky Technologies changed its name to Mail.Ru Group. Since the acquisition, Mail.ru has invested in turning ICQ from a desktop client to a mobile messaging system. As of 2013, around half of ICQ’s users were using its

"Instant messaging"
such as (""chortle"") (""snort"") (""guffaw"") or (""eye-roll"") are becoming more popular. Also there are certain standards that are being introduced into mainstream conversations including, '#' indicates the use of sarcasm in a statement and '*' which indicates a spelling mistake and/or grammatical error in the prior message, followed by a correction. Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers, email, and the World Wide Web, in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work, rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology

Hashtag
was used to denote ""immediate"" address mode in the assembly language of the PDP-11 when placed next to a symbol or a number. In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie used ""#"" in the C programming language for special keywords that had to be processed first by the C preprocessor. In the 1986 SGML standard, ISO 8879:1986 (q.v.), # is a reserved name indicator (rni) which precedes keyword syntactic literals, --e.g., the primitive content token #PCDATA, used for parsed character data. The International Telecommunication Union approved in November 1988 recommendation E.161 that put the hash sign on the right side

"Internet-related prefixes"
no longer common. In 1999, Michael Quinion attributed the forms ""email"", ""E-mail"" and ""Email"" to uncertainty on the parts of newer Internet users. In 2003, Ronald Smith prescribed that the ""e-"" should always be lowercase and hyphenated. In 2013, the Associated Press Stylebook removed the hyphen from ""e-mail"", following the general usage of the word. The term 'cybernetics' was used in Norbert Wiener's book ""Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine"" (MIT Press, 1948). Wiener used the term in reference to the control of complex systems in the animal world and in mechanical networks, in particular

a microphone and headphones or loudspeakers. Many applications allow file transfers, although they are usually limited in the permissible file-size. It is usually possible to save a text conversation for later reference. Instant messages are often logged in a local message history, making it similar to the persistent nature of emails. Though the term dates from the 1990s, instant messaging predates the Internet, first appearing on multi-user operating systems like Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) and Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (Multics) in the mid-1960s. Initially, some of these systems were used as notification systems for services like printing, but quickly

"Adventure Time (season 1)"
which marked a 110 percent increase from the previous year. Furthermore, it was watched by 837,000 kids aged 9–14, which saw a 239 percent increase. This also made it the most-watched episode of the first season. The season finale, ""Gut Grinder"", was watched by 1.77 million viewers. Originally, the first ten episodes were bundled into 30-minute airings. This means two of the eleven-minute segments were combined into one. Starting with the eleventh episode, ""Wizard"", the episodes dropped to only one, eleven-minute segment. The season has received largely positive reviews from critics. Television critic Robert Lloyd, in an article for the

DVDs that contained episodes from the season were released after the season finished airing. On July 10, 2012, the full season was released on Region 1 DVD; a Blu-ray edition was released on June 4, 2013. The season follows the adventures of Finn the Human, a human boy, and his best friend Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, wherein they interact with the other major characters, including: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, and BMO.

Adventure Time (season 1) The first season of ""Adventure Time"", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 5, 2010 and concluded on September 27, 2010. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The series is based on a short produced for Frederator's Nicktoons Network animation incubator series ""Random! Cartoons"". The season follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of

jumping into production without having had any serious development time."" ""The Helmet of Thorogon"", despite initially being assigned the production number 692-008 (which would eventually be taken by the episode ""Freak City""), never made it to the storyboard stage, although several pieces of background art for the episode were designed by Ghostshrimp. The storyboards for ""Brothers in Insomnia"" and ""The Glorriors"" and the outline for ""The Helmet of Thorogon"" were later released on Fred Seibert's official Scribd page. Furthermore, the episode ""What Have You Done"" was given the production number 27, despite only 26 episodes being ordered. This is because

full season set was released on DVD on July 10, 2012. By July 29, 2012, the DVD set had sold 151,535 copies. A Blu-ray edition was released on June 4, 2013. Adventure Time (season 1) The first season of ""Adventure Time"", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 5, 2010 and concluded on September 27, 2010. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The series is based on a short produced for Frederator's Nicktoons Network animation incubator series ""Random! Cartoons"". The season follows the adventures of Finn, a

guidance for the series' first two seasons. In addition to the 26 episodes created during the first season, several others were commissioned and storyboarded, but not produced. These include the episodes ""Brothers in Insomnia"" (written and storyboarded by Armen Mirzaian and Luther McLaurin, with revisions by Ako Castuera), ""The Glorriors"" (written and storyboarded by Joe Horne and Doug TenNapel), and ""The Helmet of Thorogon"" (outlined by Ward, Muto, McKeon, McHale, and Craig Lewis). ""Brothers in Insomnia"" had been pitched to the network, although it was later scrapped. ""The Glorriors"", according to Frederator Vice President Eric Homan, ""was a casualty of

Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, and BMO. After the original short became a viral hit on the internet, Cartoon Network picked it up for a full-length series that previewed on March 11, 2010, and officially premiered on April 5, 2010. The season was storyboarded and written by Adam Muto, Elizabeth Ito, Pendleton Ward, Sean Jimenez, Patrick McHale, Luther McLaurin, Armen Mirzaian, Kent Osborne, Pete Browngardt, Niki Yang, Armen Mirzaian, J. G. Quintel, Cole Sanchez, Tom Herpich, Bert Youn, and Ako Castuera

the original sixth episode was scrapped during production, and ""What Have You Done"" took its place, but was given a different code. Due to this, some sources like The Futon Critic, give it the production number 692-006, whereas Frederator gave it the number 692-027. All of the season's episodes began as simple two-to-three-page outlines that contained the necessary plot information. These outlines were then handed off to storyboard artists, who would then expand the rough outline into a full storyboard. The episodes' design and coloring were done in Burbank, California. Animation was handled overseas in South Korea, by Rough Draft

of the pilot; he wanted a potential series to be ""fully realized"", rather than be characterized by the ""pre-school vibe"" that permeated the original film. Ward's college friends Patrick McHale and Adam Muto helped him produce a rough storyboard that featured Finn and Princess Bubblegum going on a spaghetti-supper date. Cartoon Network was not happy with this story and asked for another. Ward then created a storyboard for the episode ""The Enchiridion!"", which was his attempt to emulate the style of the original Nicktoons short. Cartoon Network approved the first season in September 2008, and ""The Enchiridion!"" was the first

Common storylines revolve around: Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, rescuing princesses from the Ice King, and battling monsters in order to help others. Various other episodes deal with Finn attempting to understand his attraction towards Bubblegum. According to series creator Pendleton Ward, the show's style was influenced by his time attending the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) and his experiences working as a writer and storyboard artist on ""The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack"". In an interview with Animation World Network, Ward said he strives to combine the series' subversive humor with ""beautiful"" moments, using Hayao Miyazaki's film ""My

The Gates Commission issued its report in February 1970, describing how adequate military strength could be maintained without having conscription. The existing draft law was expiring at the end of June 1971, but the Department of Defense and Nixon administration decided the draft needed to continue for at least some time. In February 1971, the administration requested of Congress a two-year extension of the draft, to June 1973. Senatorial opponents of the war wanted to reduce this to a one-year extension, or eliminate the draft altogether, or tie the draft renewal to a timetable for troop withdrawal from Vietnam; Senator

draft operated from 1940 until 1946 when further inductions were suspended, and its legislative authorization expired without further extension by Congress in 1947. During this time, more than 10 million men had been inducted into military service. However, the Selective Service System remained intact. Scattered opposition was encountered especially in the northern cities where some African-Americans protested the system. The tiny Nation of Islam was at the forefront, with many Black Muslims jailed for refusing the draft, and their leader Elijah Muhammed was sentenced to federal prison for 5 years for inciting draft resistance. Organized draft resistance also developed in

was the first time any form of student deferment was used. During the Korean War a student carrying at least twelve semester hours was spared until the end of his current semester. The United States breathed easier with the Korean War Armistice on July 27, 1953; however, technology brought new promises and threats. U.S. air and nuclear power fueled the Eisenhower doctrine of ""massive retaliation"". This strategy demanded more machines and fewer foot soldiers, so the draft slipped to the back burner. However, the head of the SSS, Maj. Gen. Hershey, urged caution fearing the conflict looming in Vietnam. In

policy of using the draft as force to compel ""voluntary"" enlistment was unique in U.S. history. Previous drafts had not aimed at encouraging individuals to sign up in order to gain preferential placement or less dangerous postings. However, the incremental buildup of Vietnam without a clear threat to the country bolstered this. Some estimates suggest conscription encompassed almost one-third of all eligible men during the period of 1965–69. This group represented those without exemption or resources to avoid military service. During the active combat phase, the possibility of avoiding combat by selecting their service and military specialty led as many

mass of undirected youth in search of a cause. Syndicated cartoonist Al Capp portrayed them as S.W.I.N.E, (Students Wildly Indignant About Nearly Everything). The catalyst for protest reconnection was the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. Consequently, there was some opposition to the draft even before the major U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began. The large cohort of Baby Boomers who became eligible for military service during the Vietnam War was responsible for a steep increase in the number of exemptions and deferments, especially for college students. Besides being able to avoid the draft, college graduates who volunteered for military

in the 1950s to provide nearly 66% of the medical professionals who served in the Army in Korea. Once created, this manpower tool continued to be used through 1972. The meeting memo gave DOD's primary reason for opposing a draft as a matter of cost effectiveness and efficiency. Draftees with less than two years' retention were said to be a net drain on military resources providing insufficient benefit to offset overhead costs of using them. Mentions of the draft during the presidential campaign led to a resurgence of anti-draft and draft resistance organizing. One poll of young voters in October

means of reducing the chances of being killed. Vocations to the ministry and the rabbinate soared, because divinity students were exempt from the draft. Doctors and draft board members found themselves being pressured by relatives or family friends to exempt potential draftees. The marriage deferment ended suddenly on August 26, 1965. Around 3:10pm President Johnson signed an order allowing the draft of men who married after midnight that day, then around 5pm he announced the change for the first time. Some conscientious objectors objected to the war based on the theory of Just War. One of these, Stephen Spiro, was

"Pitch Perfect 3"
sing at an event. Arriving at the reunion, they learn that Emily simply invited them to see the new Bellas. They later gather at a bar in disappointment, but express how much they miss each other. Aubrey convinces them to join a USO tour, near her Army officer father. Emily fills in for Stacie, who is eight months pregnant. The Bellas land at a base in Spain, greeted by their liaisons, soldiers Chicago and Zeke. They also meet the other three bands, including the mean-spirited female quartet Evermoist. The others use musical instruments, helping them defeat the Bellas in a

Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to ""Pitch Perfect 2"" (2015), and the third installment in the ""Pitch Perfect"" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during an overseas USO tour. Principal

January 5, 2017, a table read occurred, with Ester Dean, Hana Mae Lee, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and Shelley Regner also being confirmed to reprise their roles, and singer Andy Allo joining as Charity, a rival in a group opposing the Bellas. While it was revealed by vocal director Deke Sharon that Alexis Knapp is returning, she wasn't spotted during the first month of filming, leading fans to show concerns that she might not be returning at all. However, on February 6, she posted a photo on Instagram, confirming her return, and was on set the following day, filming a

DJ Khaled, then brings the Bellas onstage to sing their final performance – ""Freedom! '90"". Gail and John, the public announcers when the Bellas' originally competed, have filmed a Bella documentary, only to be appalled when John realizes they didn't record the Bellas' final performance. The Bellas lives are improving: Amy uses her new bankroll for tributes to singers named Amy; Aubrey works as a birthing coach; Flo's juice cart becomes an international brand; Chloe gets into vet school; Cynthia-Rose stays at the base for flight school; Emily returns to Barden and to her songwriting; Lilly reveals that she was

"Pitch Perfect 2"
the final two, but end up losing to DSM in the final round when a nervous Emily flubs an attempt to sing ""Flashlight,"" her original song not from the right category (""90's Hip-Hop Jamz""). The next day at the warmups, the Bellas' chances of winning end in disaster when the performance sets Cynthia Rose Adams's hair on fire by pyrotechnics. Even before then, John and Gail question the Bellas' identity. In order to regain harmony and sync, Chloe takes them to a retreat led by former leader Aubrey Posen. Beca starts a heated debate with Chloe over herself being the

photography on the film began in January 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia and ended in April 2017. The film was released in the United States on December 22, 2017, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $185 million worldwide. It became the second-highest-grossing musical comedy film of all time, behind only its predecessor. Three years after their final competition, the Bellas have graduated from Barden College, but all hate their jobs. Beca, Fat Amy, Chloe, Aubrey, Lilly, Stacie, Cynthia Rose, Florencia, Jessica, and Ashley are thrilled when Emily, now a senior and leader of the current Barden Bellas, asks them to

an attempt to manipulate Amy. When Amy and Beca learn of the kidnapping, Beca distracts Fergus by leading the Bellas in a performance, allowing Amy to set a bomb. The Bellas escape the yacht, and Fergus survives the explosion, and is later arrested. After the Bellas are rescued by the military, Fat Amy reveals DJ Khaled's proposition to Beca to the others. They encourage her to take the chance, agreeing that it is time to move on with their lives. They know they will stay connected to each other as a family. At the USO's final performance, Beca opens for

in the next 12 months"". Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to ""Pitch Perfect 2"" (2015), and the third installment in the ""Pitch Perfect"" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during

is thrown into chaos when Aubrey accidentally ignites a fire. While the Bellas are wallowing in disgrace, Stacie calls with news that her daughter, Bella, has been born, reinvigorating the Bellas. Back on the tour, the Bellas perform to adoring crowds. Fergus and Amy are connecting, until he accidentally reveals that he is only trying to acquire a US$180 million offshore account created by Amy's mother. Meanwhile, DJ Khaled asks Beca to open for him, without the other Bellas. Beca politely declines the offer and leaves to her room. The Bellas are abducted and taken to a Fergus’ yacht, as

19, 2014 that Pentatonix would play the role of a rival group to the Barden Bellas. It was later confirmed that The Filharmonic from season 4 of ""The Sing Off"" would make a cameo appearance as a rival group from the Philippines. On August 24, 2014 it was announced that Penn Masala, the all-male Hindi a cappella group from director Elizabeth Banks's and producer Max Handelman's alma mater The University of Pennsylvania, would be featured as a team from Southeast Asia. On June 25, Birgitte Hjort Sørensen was confirmed added to the cast. On May 21, 2014, principal photography began

"The Walking Dead (season 8)"
The Walking Dead (season 8) The eighth season of ""The Walking Dead"", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017, and concluded on April 15, 2018, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for his fifth and final season. The eighth season received mixed reviews from critics. It was nominated for

have been used instead. The eighth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 21, 2018. The set includes three audio commentaries and three featurettes. The Walking Dead (season 8) The eighth season of ""The Walking Dead"", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017, and concluded on April 15, 2018, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse,

cast of the spin-off series ""Fear the Walking Dead"". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The first trailer for the season was released on July 21, 2017 at the San Diego Comic-Con. The second trailer was released on February 1, 2018 for the second part of the season. On March 15, 2018, it was announced that the season finale and the fourth season premiere of ""Fear the Walking Dead"" would be screened at AMC, Regal, and Cinemark theaters across the United States on April 15, the same day as the TV airing, for ""Survival Sunday: ""The Walking Dead"" & ""Fear the Walking Dead"""". The episodes

was renewed by AMC for a 16-episode eighth season on October 16, 2016. Production began on April 25, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. On July 12, 2017, production was shut down after stuntman John Bernecker was killed, after falling more than 20 feet onto a concrete floor. Production resumed on July 17. The season premiere, which also serves as the series' milestone 100th episode, was directed by executive producer Greg Nicotero. In November 2017, it was announced that Lennie James who portrays Morgan Jones, would be leaving ""The Walking Dead"" after the conclusion of this season, and he will join the

"The Walking Dead (TV series)"
Kingdom soldiers are killed, Alexandria falls to a Savior attack, and Carl is bitten by a walker. Before euthanizing himself, Carl convinces Rick to end the war and restart society anew. Negan attempts to wipe out Rick and his allies in a final battle, but Eugene disrupts his plan by sabotaging the Saviors' bullets. Negan is then wounded and captured by Rick. Against Maggie's wishes, Negan is spared and imprisoned, ending the war. In January 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode ninth season. The ninth season premiered on October 7, 2018. Series writer and executive producer Angela Kang

tyrant leader of the Saviors, initiating a war for the freedom of the communities. The eighth season features twenty series regulars overall. For this season, Katelyn Nacon, Khary Payton, Steven Ogg, and Pollyanna McIntosh were promoted to series regular status, after previously having recurring roles, while Seth Gilliam and Ross Marquand were added to the opening credits. This is the first season not to include Steven Yeun, Michael Cudlitz, Sonequa Martin-Green and Austin Nichols (since their first appearance on the show), who were all credited as either a series regular or main cast member in previous seasons. ""The Walking Dead""

multiple awards and won two, including Best Horror Television Series for the third consecutive year, at the 44th Saturn Awards. This season adapts material from issues #115–126 of the comic book series ""All Out War Part I & II"" and introduces notable comic book character Siddiq (Avi Nash). The season continues the story of Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and his group of survivors in their fight against Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) and the Saviors. Rick, along with Maggie (Lauren Cohan), leading The Hilltop, and King Ezekiel (Khary Payton), leader of The Kingdom, unite forces to start a rebellion against the

four episodes, with the first episode released on August 14, 2018 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch. However, due to the sudden near-closure of Telltale Games on September 21, 2018, the last two episodes will be overseen by Skybound Entertainment, Kirkman's production company. As with other games in ""The Walking Dead"" series, ""The Final Season"" is a graphic adventure game, where the player controls the protagonist Clementine as she struggles to survive in the wake of a zombie apocalypse. The player can move Clementine around the environment to examine items, initiate conversation trees with non-player characters,

The Walking Dead (season 9) The ninth season of ""The Walking Dead"", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC premiered on October 7, 2018, and will consist of 16 episodes, split into two parts, each consisting of eight episodes. The second part of the season is scheduled to premiere on February 10, 2019. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Angela Kang, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, Denise Huth, and Gale Anne

"Black Mass (film)"
Black Mass (film) Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, based on the 2001 book ""Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob"" by Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill. The film has an ensemble cast including Johnny Depp, Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch, Kevin Bacon, Jesse Plemons, Peter Sarsgaard, Rory Cochrane, Adam Scott, Julianne Nicholson, Dakota Johnson and Corey Stoll. The film follows the criminal career of infamous American mobster James ""Whitey"" Bulger (Depp). Principal photography of the

Back Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston. On June 20, news posted some photos from the set of the film, which features classic cars from the film set in South Boston. On June 23, Cumberbatch and Depp were spotted

Agent in charge of the Boston field office and John Connolly's boss. On July 1, David Harbour was added to the cast of the film to star as John Morris, a corrupt FBI agent along with Connolly. The roles of Connolly – who was Whitey Bulger's FBI handler – and his first wife Marianne, were filled by Joel Edgerton and Julianne Nicholson, respectively. Cooper chose Nicholson for the part after her performance as Sally in Sam Shepard's off-Broadway play ""Heartless"" (before Claire van der Boom succeeded her for the play's two-week extension). Edgerton developed his portrayal of Connolly by studying

on the FBI's role in the Bulger story. On July 25, Kevin Bacon was in Boston, filming some remaining scenes for the film. According to ""The Boston Globe"", filming for ""Black Mass"" wrapped up on Friday, August 1, 2014, in Boston. Sienna Miller was cast and filmed scenes as Catherine Greig, Bulger's companion while a fugitive, but her scenes ended up getting cut from the film due to ""narrative choices"". Erica McDermott was cast as Mary Bulger, wife of Billy Bulger, but the majority of her scenes were cut out. On June 30, 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for

Eugenia apartments in Santa Monica, California, where FBI agents arrested Bulger on June 22, 2011. Arrest scenes were filmed there on July 7 and 8, and Sienna Miller was spotted dressed as Catherine Greig. From July 8–10, scenes were filmed on Revere Beach, so that a portion of Revere Beach remained closed. Between July 11–12, Revere Beach Boulevard remained closed for shooting. Revere Beach was transformed into Miami Beach, Florida, as live palm trees had been planted in the sand and a pizza restaurant was transformed into a Cuban cafe on Revere Beach Boulevard across the street from Beach. Depp

in Cambridge. On May 27, filming was taking place in East Boston, where Johnny Depp and Jesse Plemons were seen together on the set. Next day on May 28, Joel Edgerton was seen during filming of a scene on Silver Street in South Boston. On June 4, Depp was spotted in Lynn during a recreation of the 1982 murders of Brian Halloran and Michael Donahue by Bulger. On June 6–7, Depp was seen filming scenes at Copley Square in Boston. On June 9, Depp's 51st birthday, he was filming scenes on location in Quincy, where actress Dakota Johnson was in

as Whitey Bulger and Miller as Catherine Greig were spotted on the ""Black Mass"" set on the Revere Beach on July 10, 2014. On July 15, Cumberbatch wrapped filming for his part in Boston. On July 21, Depp filmed some scenes at the former Anthony's Hawthorne restaurant, located at Oxford Street and Central Avenue in Lynn. Depp's wife Amber Heard visited Depp on the set of the film on July 21, the last day of filming for Depp's role. In July, director Cooper told ""The Boston Globe"" that filming had to take place for two more weeks in Boston, focusing

of Bulger) and Deborah Hussey, one of Bulger's victims, respectively, around April 2014. Plemons reportedly prepared for his role by hiring a dialect coach and studying video of the actual Kevin Weeks. Benedict Cumberbatch replaced Guy Pearce as William ""Billy"" Bulger on May 22, 2014. On June 10, it was announced that Jeremy Strong would co-star in the film. On June 14, James Russo joined the cast of the film to play Scott Garriola, one of the FBI agents who took down Bulger. On June 26, Kevin Bacon was added to the cast to play Charles McGuire, the FBI Special

back to February 2013, when he was attached to star in the film, while Barry Levinson was still slated to direct and principal photography was scheduled to begin in May 2013. Depp briefly exited the project shortly after its sale at the 66th annual Cannes Film Festival, because of a salary dispute with Cross Creek Pictures. He later rejoined at around the same time Scott Cooper was attached to replace Levinson as director, and his signing for the film was made official in February 2014. Jesse Plemons and Juno Temple joined the cast to play as Kevin Weeks (a cohort

film began on May 19, 2014 in Boston, and wrapped on August 1, 2014. It had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. worldwide on September 18, 2015. It received generally positive reviews and grossed $99 million. In 1975, James ""Whitey"" Bulger, leader of the Winter Hill Gang, controls most organized crime within South Boston, along with his right-hand man Stephen Flemmi, newcomer Kevin Weeks, and callous hitman Johnny Martorano. Bulger lives with his common-law wife Lindsey Cyr and their young son Douglas. Bulger's supremacy is challenged by the North End

"The Flash (season 4)"
from Earth-X. ""Arrow"" actor David Ramsey appears as John Diggle, as well as DeVoe's Diggle disguise earlier in the twenty-second episode. The season began airing on October 10, 2017, on The CW in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. The season concluded on May 22, 2018. Sky One acquired the rights to air the season in the UK & Ireland, airing it alongside the other Arrowverse shows. The season premiered October 17. In July 2017, cast from the series appeared at San Diego Comic-Con International to promote the season, where exclusive footage was shown. During the panel, a

Doviak gave the finale a B+, praising the light tone and character moments, while adding that ""None of this can make up for the long stretches of mediocrity this year, but at least it doesn’t leave me with a bad taste in my mouth."" General references The Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series ""The Flash"", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who

"The Flash (season 5)"
season also introduces Barry's ""Flash ring"" from the comics. The new suit adopts brighter colors than previous suits – which had maroon overtones – and, unlike prior incarnations, does not have a chin strap. Production for the season began on July 6, 2018, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is set to conclude on April 10, 2019. Kevin Smith will direct an episode of the season. Danielle Panabaker will make her directorial debut this season. Tom Cavanagh directed the eighth episode of the season, which served as the 100th episode of the series and led into the annual crossover. Due to

is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Todd Helbing serving as showrunner. The season was ordered in April 2018, and production began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, while Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Nicolet, and Jessica Parker Kennedy were promoted to series regulars from their recurring statuses in season four. They are joined by new cast member Chris Klein. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Danielle Panabaker will direct the eighteenth episode of the season. Rebecca Johnson and Kevin

"The Flash (2014 TV series)"
in the history of The CW, after ""The Vampire Diaries"" in 2009. It has been well received by critics and audiences, and won the People's Choice Award for ""Favorite New TV Drama"" in 2014. The series, together with ""Arrow"", has spun characters out to their own show, ""Legends of Tomorrow"", which premiered on January 21, 2016. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. In season one, after witnessing his mother's supernatural murder, Barry Allen is taken in by Detective Joe West and his family. Barry becomes a brilliant

Martin's back injury, the majority of his scenes were shot depicting Joe seated. In May 2018, ""Arrow"" star Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover ""Elseworlds"" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with ""Supergirl"" for that week and will air on Sunday, December 9. The main cast of the season as well as executive producer Todd Helbing attended San Diego Comic-Con

The Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series ""The Flash"", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of ""Arrow"". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with

on July 21, 2018 to promote the season. Starting on September 14, 2018, several billboards advertising Ralph Dibny as a private investigator were seen around Vancouver, the city where the show is filmed. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating for the fifth season with an average rating of 7.96/10, based on 132 reviews. The website's consensus reads, """"The Flash""s fifth season maintains the show's high standard for compelling visuals, chilling villains, and well-scripted moments of humor, but also turns a more focused gaze on the role of family dynamics amongst the increasingly complex characters."" Reviewing

The Flash (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series ""The Flash"", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Barry, a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities, as he deals with the consequences of his future daughter's time traveling. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of ""Arrow"". The season

"The Flash (season 2)"
Television, and DC Entertainment, with Andrew Kreisberg, Gabrielle Stanton, Aaron Helbing, and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2015, and filmed from that July to the following April in Vancouver. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, alongside principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from the first season, and are joined by Keiynan Lonsdale. This season also introduces characters from ""Legends of Tomorrow"", which was being developed as a spin-off. The first episode of the season premiered on October 6, 2015, with the season, consisting of

"Nicola Peltz"
Nicola Peltz Nicola Anne Peltz (born December 9, 1995) is an American actress. Her breakthrough role came when she played in the 2010 film ""The Last Airbender"". From 2013 to 2015, she co-starred as Bradley Martin in the A&E drama series ""Bates Motel"". In 2014, she starred as Tessa Yeager in the fourth ""Transformers"" film, """". Peltz was born in Westchester County, New York. Her mother, Claudia (née Heffner), is a former model, and her father, Nelson Peltz, is a billionaire businessman. She has four older brothers, two younger brothers, and an older sister; two of her brothers are actor

"Transformers: The Last Knight"
the state. On April 13, TheWrap reported that Isabela Moner was in talks to star as Izabella. The site also reported that Bay was eyeing Jean Dujardin, Stephen Merchant, and Jerrod Carmichael for supporting roles. On May 17, 2016, it was confirmed that Josh Duhamel would reprise his role in the film, and Jerrod Carmichael was cast. In June 2016, Anthony Hopkins, Mitch Pileggi, Santiago Cabrera, and Laura Haddock joined the cast, and Tyrese Gibson stated that he will return as Robert Epps. In August 2016, Liam Garrigan was confirmed to play King Arthur, a different version from his role

"Tania Gunadi"
Tania Gunadi Tania Gunadi (born 29 July 1983) is an Indonesian-American actress and voice actress best known for her films such as ""The Jetsons"" (2017), ""Scooby Doo"" (2016), ""Snow Bride"" (2015), ""Such Good People"" (2014), ""Zambezia"" (2013), ""Possession"" (2012), ""Bob Funk"" (2009), Hallmark Hall of Fame ""The Magic of Ordinary Days (2006)"" along with Disney Channel original films ""Pixel Perfect"" (2005), ""Go Figure"" (2004). She is also known for her TV series roles as Princess Adara on Nickelodeon Shimmer and Shine (2017-2018) Sashi Kobayashi on Disney """" (2014-2017), as Summer on Epix ""Graves"" (2016), as Harper on Disney ""Girl Meets

in the sci-fi film ""Our House"", directed by Anthony Scott Burns. Peltz was in a relationship with model Anwar Hadid from December 2016 until May 2018. Nicola Peltz Nicola Anne Peltz (born December 9, 1995) is an American actress. Her breakthrough role came when she played in the 2010 film ""The Last Airbender"". From 2013 to 2015, she co-starred as Bradley Martin in the A&E drama series ""Bates Motel"". In 2014, she starred as Tessa Yeager in the fourth ""Transformers"" film, """". Peltz was born in Westchester County, New York. Her mother, Claudia (née Heffner), is a former model, and

horns, offering a way to destroy him. Additionally, Mitch Pileggi, Tony Hale, and Gil Birmingham appear as a TRF group leader, a JPL engineer, and Chief Sherman, respectively. Former Navy SEAL Remi Adeleke also stars in the film as a TRF lieutenant working for Santos. Nicola Peltz has a vocal cameo as Tessa Yeager, Cade's daughter, who helped the Autobots during the events of ""Age of Extinction"", while Shia LaBeouf is seen as Sam Witwicky, who allied with the Autobots in events prior to ""Age of Extinction,"" in a photograph spotted in Burton's mansion. Tyrese Gibson was cast to return

Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science-fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. It is the fifth installment of the live-action ""Transformers"" film series and a sequel to 2014's """". Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay, and features Mark Wahlberg returning from ""Age of Extinction"", with Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower reprising their roles from the first three films, as well as Laura Haddock, Isabela Moner, Jerrod Carmichael, Santiago Cabrera, and Sir Anthony Hopkins all joining the cast. Bay stated this would be his final film

"Olivia d'Abo"
(2002). On stage, she appeared in the 2005 Broadway production of ""The Odd Couple"" with Matthew Broderick and Nathan Lane. In animation, D'Abo is the voices of Sonya Blade in """" (1996); Melanie Walker/Ten in ""Batman Beyond"" (1999–2000); Star Sapphire in ""Justice League"" (2001); and Morgaine le Fey in ""Justice League Unlimited"" (2004); Tak in ""Invader Zim"" (2001–2002); Jane Porter in ""The Legend of Tarzan""; Jedi Master Luminara Unduli in """" (2008); Carol Ferris in """" (2009); and Natalia Romanoff in ""Ultimate Avengers"" and """" (both 2006). In February 2013, D'Abo began filming for ""Project Fedora"" (working title), a video

as the same character on the television series ""Once Upon a Time"". On September 4, 2016, Stanley Tucci confirmed his return. On October 14, 2016, Bay announced that John Turturro would reprise his role as Seymour Simmons from the first three films, and that John Goodman would return to voice Hound. A month before the film's release, Bay revealed that the character Cogman would be voiced by ""Downton Abbey"" actor Jim Carter, at the request of co-writer Matt Holloway, who is a fan of the series. On June 9, 2017, Reno Wilson confirmed via Twitter that he would have a

"Evangeline Lilly"
Evangeline Lilly Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress who came to prominence for her starring role as Kate Austen in the ABC series ""Lost"" (2004–10), for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award and received a Golden Globe Award nomination. She is also known for her roles as Connie James in ""The Hurt Locker"" (2008), Bailey Tallet in ""Real Steel"" (2011), and Tauriel in ""The Hobbit"" film series (2012–14). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, she starred as the superhero Hope van Dyne / Wasp in the films ""Ant-Man"" (2015) and ""Ant-Man and the Wasp""

"Melia Kreiling"
Melia Kreiling Melia Kreiling (born ) is a Swiss-born American actress. She is known for her roles on television such as ""Tyrant"" and ""The Last Tycoon"". She also made a brief appearance in ""Guardians of the Galaxy"". Melia Kreiling was born in Geneva in the late 1980s as the daughter of an American father, Randall A. Kreiling, and a Greek mother, Katia Dimopoulou. She grew up in Athens where she attended an English school. Afterwards, she attended the National State School of Dance. After moving to Great Britain, she studied at the University of Winchester and the Northern School of

Hall of Fame, which ""honor[s] individuals who have made outstanding contributions to professional football""; Lewis has not been voted in, and Johnson and Peterson are not yet eligible. 2,000-yard club The 2,000-yard club is a group of seven National Football League (NFL) running backs that have rushed for 2,000 or more yards in a regular season. These seven rushing seasons rank as the highest single-season rushing totals in NFL history, and reaching the 2,000-yard mark is considered a significant achievement for running backs. No running back has yet achieved this feat twice. The first 2,000-yard season was recorded in 1973

"All-purpose yardage"
net yards as ""Rushing, receiving, interception returns, punt returns, kickoff returns, and fumble returns"". Neither of these totals makes clear how they record yards from blocked punts recovered, blocked field goals, and missed field goal returns. Brian Westbrook holds the NCAA all-division record for career all-purpose yards, while Christian McCaffrey holds the single-season record. Jerry Rice holds the NFL career combined net yards record with 23,546 yards, while Darren Sproles set a new single-season record in the 2011 season with 2,696 yards. Pinball Clemons holds the Canadian Football League (CFL) record for career all-purpose yardage with 25,396 yards which also

"Carry (gridiron football)"
The current leader in yards-per-carry in NFL history with at least 750 carries is quarterback Michael Vick. The statistical treatment of yardage lost on sacks differs between the NCAA and NFL. Under NCAA rules, sacks count as rushing yards for both the player and his team. In the NFL, sacks are not counted in the quarterback's passing or rushing yardage, but are counted as part of the team's passing yardage. Carry (gridiron football) In American football and Canadian football, a carry or rushing attempt is a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play. The term is typically used in

Carry (gridiron football) In American football and Canadian football, a carry or rushing attempt is a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play. The term is typically used in reference to ""yards per carry"", meaning yards per attempt rushing the ball. Although running backs are typically tasked with carrying the ball, any offensive player who performs a carry is known as a ball-carrier for that play, regardless of position. The yards gained on a carry are referred to as rushing yards. In the National Football League (NFL), Emmitt Smith holds the record for the most career carries, with 4,409.

"Yards from scrimmage"
important statistic for running backs that contribute significantly to the passing attack. Many teams have special lineups for passing plays in which running backs who are better receivers are substituted into the game. Some running backs are notable for the fact that they are both a primary rushing and primary passing weapon. Notable running backs known for yards from scrimmage include Roger Craig, the first National Football League (NFL) player to have 1,000 yards rushing and receiving in the same season, Walter Payton, the NFL career record holder among running backs (until broken by Emmitt Smith), and Chris Johnson, the

ligaments in his left knee the previous year, making him the only player to have surpassed 2,000 yards after having reconstructive knee surgery the prior season. Out of the seven players to have recorded a 2,000-yard rushing season, all but one (Dickerson) won the AP NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award the year that they rushed for 2,000 yards. Dickerson would go on to win the award though after the 1986 NFL season. Simpson, Sanders, Davis, and Peterson also won the AP Most Valuable Player (MVP) award. Simpson, Dickerson, Sanders and Davis are each members of the Pro Football

"Easter bread"
cylindrical, often baked in bundt-type pan. It frequently contains raisins, succade, or orangeat, and may be iced on top. It is much sweeter than ""Paska"". ""Babka"" usually is only made, like ""Paska"", to celebrate Easter Sunday and the rising of Christ. Romania and Moldova also have a traditional Easter bread called ""Pasca"" (The term ""Pasca"" is ""Easter"" in the Eastern Orthodox faith, similar to ""Pâques"" in French. It is derived from the Hebrew ""pesah"".). The Romanian ""Pasca"" bread is made with cheese (and may also include fruits, nuts, or chocolate for decoration). It is usually found alongside another traditional sweet

Easter bread In many European countries, there are various traditions surrounding the use of bread during the Easter holidays. Traditionally the practice of eating Easter bread or sweetened ""communion"" bread traces its origin back to Byzantium and the Orthodox Christian church. The recipe for sweetened or ""honey-leavened"" bread may date back as far as the Homeric Greek period based on anecdotal evidence from classical texts that mention this type of special food. It is also widely known that sweetened bread desserts similar to panettone were a Roman favorite. A ""cozonac"" is traditional Easter bread in Bulgaria, ""kulich"" is one of

"Zacuscă"
some months of maturing but must be used within days of opening. Although traditionally prepared at home, it is also commercially available. Some Bulgarian and Middle Eastern brands are available in the United States. In the Orthodox Christian majority countries, it is sometimes eaten during fasting seasons due to the absence of meat, eggs or dairy products. The word ""zacuscă"" is of Slavic origin which means simply ""appetizer"" or ""snack"" (see ""zakuska""). Zacuscă Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans. The main ingredients are roasted eggplant,

bread which Romanians make for Easter and Christmas called ""cozonac"". During the weeks before Easter, special Easter bread is sold (in German: ""Osterbrot"", ). This is made with yeast dough, raisins, and almond splinters. Usually, it is cut in slices and spread with butter. People enjoy it either for breakfast or for tea time (in German: ""Kaffee und Kuchen"", literally ″coffee and cake″). The Dutch Easter bread is the so-called 'stol', a fruit bread with raisins and usually filled with almond paste. It is the same type of bread also eaten as a Christmas bread. In Sardinia, Italy, bread is

"Paska (bread)"
called in Russian and Ukranian languages ""па́ска"" (""páska""/""Paskha""). The word is connected to ancient Greek word ""πάσκα"" (""páska"") and Georgian: ""პასკა"" (""Easter""), derived from the Orthodox believers in Byzantine Empire. The name is connected to the Jewish holiday of ""Pesach."" Paska is made with milk, butter, eggs, flour, and sugar, except in Romania, where the recipe most commonly includes sweet cream, cottage cheese, and/or sour cream along with eggs, sugar, raisins, and rum. An egg and water mixture is used as a glaze. The Christian faithful in many Eastern Christian countries eat this bread during Easter. Christian symbolism is associated

Koliva
small pies made of boiled wheat.The sense of the ritual food is of a latter period. While recipes may vary widely, the primary ingredient is wheat kernels which have been boiled until they are soft, they are drained very well and spread on a cloth to be just moist, and then sweetened with honey or sugar. Koliva also contains some or all of the following: wheat, sesame seeds, almonds, ground walnuts, cinnamon, sugar, pomegranate seeds, raisins, anise and parsley. Romanians decorate the koliva with crosses of cocoa, chocolate or candy. In terms of the Greek Pantheon, the wheat symbolized the

Drob
Drob Drob, fully named Drob de Miel ""(Lamb Drob)"" or Drob de Paste ""(Easter Drob)"" is a traditional Romanian dish, similar to a haggis, usually served at the Easter table. The main ingredients are lamb offals (liver, lungs, spleen, heart, kidney), green onions, herbs (dill, parsley, garlic, lovage), eggs (boiled or fresh), and bread soaked in water or milk. The boiled offals are chopped and mixed with all the other ingredients and seasoned with salt and pepper. The caul of the lamb is stretched over a loaf pan and filled with the mixture. Lamb drob is one of the most

"Romanian cuisine"
as well as other ancient civilizations. The lack of written sources in Eastern Europe makes it impossible to determine today the exact origin for most of them. One of the most common meals is the ""mămăligă"", the precursor of polenta, served on its own or as an accompaniment. Pork is the main meat used in Romanian cuisine, but also beef is consumed and a good lamb or fish dish is never to be refused. Before Christmas, on December 20 (Ignat's Day or ""Ignatul"" in Romanian), a pig is traditionally sacrificed by every rural family. A variety of foods for Christmas

"Sfințișori"
Sfințișori Sfințișori (""Little saints"") or mucenici moldovenești (""Moldavian martyrs""), are traditional pastries from Romania and Moldova made to commemorate on March 9 (or March 22, as per Julian calendar), the Christian feast of the 40 Martyrs of Sebaste, a traditional holiday in Romania and Moldova. In the historical region of Moldavia, Sfințișori were dough in large shapes of the figure 8, baked, then smeared with honey and walnuts. In the Muntenia and Dobruja regions of Romania, similar traditional pastries are named mucenici. The dough is smaller and boiled in water with sugar, cinnamon and crushed nuts, symbolizing the lake where

In Iran and the diaspora, Assyrians will eat a Paska cake on Easter, ""Ida Gura"". The tall cake is decorated with a cross on top to represent Calvary, the place of Jesus' crucifixion, and surrounded with colored eggs to symbolize the people who visited Jesus during his death and were at his cross. Pască is a traditional Romanian and Moldovan pastry. Pască is composed with eggs, sour cream, fresh cheese like urdă, raisins and sugar, and is especially made for Easter. The word ""Pască"" come from Latin, ""Pascha"", meaning ""Easter"". Paska (bread) Paska (Russian, Ukrainian: Пáска ""Easter"", Georgian: პასკა ""Easter"",

"Birth certificate"
the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory. The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British

tax purposes and for the determination of available military manpower. In England, births were initially registered with churches, who maintained registers of births. This practice continued into the 19th century. The compulsory registration of births with the United Kingdom government is a practice that originated at least as far back as 1853. The entire United States did not get a standardized system until 1902. Most countries have statutes and laws that regulate the registration of births. In all countries, it is the responsibility of the mother's physician, midwife, hospital administrator, or the parent(s) of the child to see that the

January 1, 1996. The birth certificate used currently is the fifth edition, which was adopted since January 1, 2014. Still, China, the world's most populous country, is among those with no globally comparable data, presenting challenges to researchers who wish to assess global and regional progress towards universal birth registration. In England and Wales, the description ""birth certificate"" is used to describe a certified copy of an entry in the birth register. Civil registration of births, marriages and deaths in England and Wales started on 1 July 1837. Registration was not compulsory until 1875, following the Registration of Births and

"California Birth Index"
privacy issues. California began statewide civil registration of births on July 1, 1905. Earlier birth records may exist in the county where the birth took place or at the church where a baptism took place. Critics of the index claim that the index's information aids in identity theft. Several public record websites have purchased copies of the index from the California Department of Health Services. In 2001, the ""San Jose Mercury News"" printed a story about the index, then accessible on genealogical website Rootsweb, causing numerous complaints and requests for removal from the index, and ultimately leading to the index

"Birth control in the United States"
1995 Fourth World Conference on Women addressed birth control and influenced human rights declarations which asserted women's rights to control their own bodies. In the early 1950s, philanthropist Katharine McCormick had provided funding for biologist Gregory Pincus to develop the birth control pill, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1960. The pill became very popular and had a major impact on society and culture. It contributed to a sharp increase in college attendance and graduation rates for women. New forms of intrauterine devices were introduced in the 1960s, increasing popularity of long acting reversible contraceptives.

Birth certificate A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term ""birth certificate"" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor. The documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Persia. The original purpose of vital statistics was for

societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Contraception was not restricted by law in the United States throughout most of the 19th century, but in the 1870s a social purity movement grew in strength, aimed at outlawing vice in general, and prostitution and obscenity in particular. Composed primarily of Protestant moral reformers and middle-class women, the Victorian-era campaign

year of your birth. Please note, some short (abstract) versions of birth certificates may not be acceptable for passport purposes. Beginning April 1, 2011, all birth certificates must also include the full name of the applicant's parent(s). The U.S. State Department has paid close attention to abstract certificates from both Texas and California. There have been reports of a high incidence of midwife registration fraud along the border region between Texas and Mexico, and the Texas abstract certificate form does not list the name or occupation of the attendant. The California Abstract of Birth did not include an embossed seal,

"Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret"
A Search for Visual Truth and Social Justice"" was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Award by the Independent Book Publishers Association in the category of Autobiographies/Memoirs in 2012. Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret (born February 20, 1929) is an American photographer, book publisher, and civil rights activist. On April 6, 1951, she became the first woman to photograph herself giving birth. She is a contributor of over 500,000 negatives from the 1940s to 2007 to the archives of the State Historical Society of Iowa and has been called Iowa's premier documentary photographer of the 20th century. In 1996 she was

performed by Clelia Mosher from 1892 to 1912. The survey was based on a small sample of upper-class women, and shows that most of the women used contraception (primarily douching, but also withdrawal, rhythm, condoms and pessaries) and that they viewed sex as a pleasurable act that could be undertaken without the goal of procreation. Although contraceptives were relatively common in middle-class and upper-class society, the topic was rarely discussed in public. The first book published in the United States which ventured to discuss contraception was ""Moral Physiology; or, A Brief and Plain Treatise on the Population Question"", published by

"Because I could not stop for Death"
Because I could not stop for Death ""Because I could not stop for Death"" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in ""Poems: Series 1"" in 1890. The persona of Dickinson's poem meets personified Death. Death is a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the speaker to her grave. According to Thomas H. Johnson's variorum edition of 1955 the number of this poem is 712. The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in ""Poems: Series 1"", a collection of Dickinson's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson.

poem has been set to music by Aaron Copland as the twelfth song of his song cycle ""Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson"". And again, by John Adams as the second movement of his choral symphony ""Harmonium"", and also set to music by Nicholas J. White as a single movement piece for chorus and chamber orchestra. Natalie Merchant and Susan McKeown have created a song of the same name while preserving Dickinson's exact poem in its lyrics. Because I could not stop for Death ""Because I could not stop for Death"" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously

The poem was published under the title ""The Chariot"". It is composed in six quatrains with the meter alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. Stanzas 1, 2, 4, and 6 employ end rhyme in their second and fourth lines, but some of these are only close rhyme or eye rhyme. In the third stanza, there is no end rhyme, but ""ring"" in line 2 rhymes with ""gazing"" and ""setting"" in lines 3 and 4 respectively. Internal rhyme is scattered throughout. Figures of speech include alliteration, anaphora, paradox, and personification. The poem personifies Death as a gentleman caller who takes

"The Death Ship"
The Death Ship The Death Ship (German title: ""Das Totenschiff"") is a novel by the pseudonymous author known as B. Traven. Originally published in German in 1926, and in English in 1934, it was Traven's first major success and is still the author's second best known work after ""The Treasure of the Sierra Madre"". Owing to its scathing criticism of bureaucratic authority, nationalism, and abusive labor practices, it is often described as an anarchist novel. Set just after World War I, ""The Death Ship"" describes the predicament of merchant seamen who lack documentation of citizenship and cannot find legal residence

"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee"
culture, but William Vickers opposed the idea and started ""The Utes Must Go!"" campaign in 1879. Vickers called on the US cavalry to prevent an uprising by the Utes. The Utes responded by killing all the white men at the White River Indian agency. In 1881, as a result of outrage over the White River Massacre, the Utes were removed to a marginal reservation in Utah. ""Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee"" was published less than three years following the establishment of AIM, the American Indian Movement, formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968. AIM moved to promote modern Native American

"Martin Allwood"
professor of sociology and literature at several American universities until he was diagnosed with cancer in 1967 and he returned to Sweden. His six-year battle to overcome the disease is described in ""I Carried Death in my Body"" (1976) – a serious criticism of the health care system's shortcomings – which was translated into 13 languages. Martin Allwood founded the Authors' Society of Göteborg (English: Gothenburg) and the Authors' Society of Sweden (1974). Allwood and his family left a legacy to his lifelong passion which was to cross-pollinate American and Swedish students with each other's language. He contributed to the

Brown's works maintained a focus on the American West, but ranged anywhere from western fiction to histories to even children's books. Many of Brown's books revolved around similar Native American topics, including his ""Showdown at Little Bighorn"" (1964) and ""The Fetterman Massacre"" (1974). ""Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee"" was first published in 1970 to generally strong reviews. Published at a time of increasing American Indian activism, the book has never gone out of print and has been translated into 17 languages. The title is taken from the final phrase of a twentieth-century poem titled ""American Names"" by Stephen Vincent

Tressler. A copy of the book was seen as part of the drug-induced wreckage of Raoul Duke's Flamingo hotel room in the film adaption of ""Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas"". The Death Ship The Death Ship (German title: ""Das Totenschiff"") is a novel by the pseudonymous author known as B. Traven. Originally published in German in 1926, and in English in 1934, it was Traven's first major success and is still the author's second best known work after ""The Treasure of the Sierra Madre"". Owing to its scathing criticism of bureaucratic authority, nationalism, and abusive labor practices, it is

"John Gunther"
John Gunther John Gunther (August 30, 1901 – May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and author. His success came primarily by a series of popular sociopolitical works, known as the ""Inside"" books (1936–1972), including the best-selling ""Inside U.S.A."" in 1947. However, he is now best known for his memoir ""Death Be Not Proud"", on the death of his beloved teenage son, Johnny Gunther, from a brain tumor. Gunther was born in 1901 in the Lakeview district of Chicago and grew up on the North Side of the city. He was the first child of a German-American family: his father

"The Death of Grass"
The Death of Grass The Death of Grass (published in the United States as No Blade of Grass) is a 1956 post-apocalyptic science fiction novel written by the English author Samuel Youd under the pen name John Christopher. It was the first of several of post-apocalyptic novels written by him, and the plot concerns a virus that kills off all forms of grass. The novel was written in a matter of weeks and liberated Samuel Youd from his day job. It was retitled ""No Blade of Grass"" for the US edition, as supposedly the US publisher thought the original title

Oppo
bid to sponsor the Indian national cricket team and has achieved the rights to display their logo on the team’s kits from 2017 to 2022. Between this period the Indian national cricket team will play 259 International matches consisting of 62 Tests, 152 ODIs, and 45 T20 Internationals. This number also includes the 2019 World Cup in England and 2020 T20 World Cup in Australia. The current base price for bilateral matches involving India has been set at Rs 4.1 crore (approx.) and for Asian Cricket Council (ACC) and International Cricket Council (ICC) matches, it is Rs 1.56 crore (approx.)

Oppo
- almost a four-fold increase from its earlier rate. In 2017, the company first saw protest over India's national flag insult row. It was followed by a mass resignation of the Punjab service unit. Korean boy band 2PM prepared a song known as ""Follow Your Soul"" in a promotional deal with Oppo for launching its brand in Thailand in 2010. In June 2015, the company signed an agreement with FC Barcelona to become an official partner of the Spanish football club. In 2016, PBA tied up with this company as its official smartphone partner starting from 2016 PBA Commissioner's Cup

"New Zealand national cricket team"
(World Cup World Cup 1992 and 1996, World Series 1993–97) Canterbury (1998–1999), Asics (who supplied all the 1999 Cricket World Cup participating teams) and WStar (2000–2009). Previous sponsors were DB Draught(1990–1994 in the front, 1995–1997 in the sleeve), Bank of New Zealand (1993–94 and 1997–99 in the front) Clear Communications, later TelstraClear (1997–2000 in the front, 2001–2005 in the sleeve), National Bank of New Zealand(2000–2014) and Dheeraj and East Coast (2009–2010), since 2014 ANZ is the current sponsor, due to National Bank's rebranding as ANZ. As of May 2017, Amul became the new sponsor. ""As of 29 March 2015"" ""As

"India national cricket team"
team team sponsor until 2022 is OPPO since 2017. Previously, the Indian team was sponsored by Star India from 2014 to 2017, Sahara India Pariwar from 2002 to 2013 and ITC Limited (with Wills and ITC Hotels barands) from 1993 to 2002. The current kit sponsor for the Indian team until 2020 is Nike, which in 2005 acquired the rights from BCCI. The deal with Nike has been extended twice for a period of five years each time; in 2011 and 2016 respectively. Paytm, since 2015 is currently the sponsor for all matches played by the team within India until

"Emirates (airline)"
Cricket Club. Emirates were also the major sponsor of the Kings XI Punjab (Season 2,3 and 4) and Deccan Chargers (Season 5) and Rajasthan Royals (Season 11) teams of Indian Premier League, the largest domestic cricket tournament in the world. Emirates Airlines was also a sponsor of FIFA and the FIFA World Cup, but stopped its sponsorship in early 2015, due to allegations of corruption and bribery within FIFA, as well as FIFA's questionable decision to award the 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar. Since the 2006–07 season, it has been the primary shirt sponsor of Arsenal, Hamburger SV and

"Mumbai Indians"
Aaron Finch along with Mitchell Mcclenaghan joined Mumbai Indians in the 2015 IPL Auction. Note: Record also includes matches played in Champions League T20 American multinational corporation – MasterCard was the official founding sponsor of the Mumbai Indians, while Adidas was their official apparel sponsor until 2014. Since then, the UAE's national carrier Etihad Airways signed a three-year contract and took over as one of the principle sponsors of Mumbai Indians. In 2015, Performax, the in-house brand of Reliance Trends, took over as the apparel sponsors. Associate sponsors and official partners include Bridgestone, Dheeraj and East Coast LLC, Kingfisher, Wrigley's

Adidas
England player Ian Bell, Pakistan opening batsman Salman Butt and Indian Player Ravindra Jadeja. In the Indian Premier League (IPL), Adidas sponsored the team Mumbai Indians from 2008 to 2014 and Delhi Daredevils from 2008 to 2013. They were the official sponsors of Pune Warriors India in 2011 and 2012, however the team was banned from IPL due to payment issues. In 2015 Season, Adidas sponsored Royal Challengers Bangalore. ""Adidas Golf"" manufactures golf clothing, footwear, and accessories. Men's and women's equipment includes footwear, shirts, shorts, pants, outerwear (wind suits), base layer and eyewear. From 2000 to 2012, Adidas has provided

Castrol
cricket team. It is calculated by taking into consideration the batting momentum, the bowling efficiency, the performance of the teams in the quick start overs and the extreme performance overs and many other factors. Castrol Cricket also ranks cricketers based on their overall performance. India centric initiatives being undertaken like Castrol World Cup ka Hero was created during the 2011 Cricket World Cup. In 2011, Castrol signed a four-year sponsorship deal for the Australian national rugby union team and as the naming rights sponsor of The Rugby Championship. ""It's More Than Just Oil. It's Liquid Engineering"" is the advertising slogan

"New Balance"
national cricket teams of South Africa. From 2017, New Balance signed a deal with the England & Wales Cricket Board, to become kit supplier to the England teams. New Balance also sponsor international cricketers Pat Cummins, Steve Smith, Adam Zampa, Matthew Wade, Joe Root, Grant Elliott, David Miller, Nic Maddinson, Gary Ballance, Aaron Finch, Jason Roy, Mitchell Santner, Wahab Riaz, Yasir Shah, Dale Steyn, and Colin Munro. Following the official launch in July 2011, New Balance is the primary sponsor of Boston's bike share system, the New Balance Hubway. New Balance began a partnership with American professional cycling team in

Qantas
ranked among the greatest commercials of all time. A long-running advertising campaign features renditions by children's choirs of Peter Allen's ""I Still Call Australia Home"", at various famous landmarks in Australia and foreign locations such as Venice. Qantas is the main sponsor of the Qantas Wallabies, the Australian national Rugby Union team. It also sponsors the Socceroos, Australia's national association football team. Qantas is the main sponsor for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix. On 26 December 2011, Qantas signed a four-year deal with Australian cricket's governing body Cricket Australia, to be the official carrier of the Australia national cricket

"Fender Musical Instruments Corporation"
solid-body Spanish-style electric guitar, the Telecaster (originally named the Broadcaster for two-pickup models and Esquire for single-pickup). Following its success, Fender created the first mass-produced electric bass, the Precision Bass (P-Bass). In 1954, Fender unveiled the Stratocaster (""Strat"") guitar. With the Telecaster and Precision Bass having been on the market for some time, Leo Fender was able to incorporate input from working musicians into the Stratocaster's design. The company began as Fender's Radio Service in late 1938 in Fullerton, California. As a qualified electronics technician, Fender had repaired radios, phonographs, home audio amplifiers, public address systems and musical instrument amplifiers,

March 2012, but this was withdrawn five months later. In addition to its Scottsdale headquarters, Fender has manufacturing facilities in Corona, California (US) and Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico). As of July 10, 2012, the majority shareholders of Fender were the private equity firm of Weston Presidio (43%), Japanese music distributors Yamano Music (14%) and Kanda Shokai (13%) and Servco Pacific (5%). In December 2012, TPG Growth (the middle market and growth equity investment platform of TPG Capital) and Servco Pacific took control of the company after acquiring the shares held by Weston Presidio. In 1950, Fender introduced the first mass-produced

Fender Musical Instruments Corporation Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer of stringed instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, electric basses, bass amplifiers and public address equipment, but is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Precision bass, and the Jazz bass. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas ""Leo"" Fender in 1946. Its headquarters are in Scottsdale, Arizona. FMIC is a privately held corporation, with Andy Mooney serving as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The company filed for an initial public offering in

the new company, bearing an early presentation of the cursive ""big F"" Fender logo. In the late 1940s, Fender began to experiment with more conventional guitar designs. Early Broadcasters were plagued with issues; while Fender boasted the strength of the instrument's one-piece maple neck, early adopters lamented its tendency to bow in humid weather. Fender's reluctant addition of a metal truss rod into the necks of his guitars allowed for the much needed ability to fine-tune the instrument to the musician's specific needs. With the design of the Telecaster finalized, mass production began in 1950. The Telecaster's bolted-on neck allowed

"Mesa Boogie"
by 800+ in December 2016, adding more parametric EQ, some weight (2,85 kg) and slightly bigger dimensions. Mesa Boogie Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is an American company in Petaluma, California that manufactures amplifiers for guitars and basses. It has been in operation since 1971. MESA was started by Randall Smith as a small repair shop which modified Fender Amplifiers, particularly the diminutive Fender Princeton. Smith's modifications gave the small amps much more input gain, making them much louder as well as creating a high-gain, distorted guitar tone. Prominent early customers included Carlos Santana, and Ron Wood and Keith

of which manufacture electric guitars and basses based on his later designs. In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926–2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). The sale did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona. In 1991, FMIC moved its corporate headquarters from its Corona location to Scottsdale, Arizona, where ""administration, marketing, advertising, sales and export operations"" take place, not only for the United States operations, but many

other countries also. Fender guitars built in Ensenada, Mexico, now fulfill the primary export role formerly held by Japanese-made Fenders. The Japanese Fenders are now manufactured specifically for the Japanese market, with only a small number marked for export. On February 11, 1994, the Ensenada plant burned down, and main production was temporarily moved to Corona. FMIC has purchased a number of instrument brands and firms, including the Guild Guitar Company, the Sunn Amplifier Company, and SWR Sound Corporation. In early 2003, FMIC reached an agreement with the Gretsch family and began manufacturing and distributing new Gretsch guitars. Fender also

Mesa Boogie Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is an American company in Petaluma, California that manufactures amplifiers for guitars and basses. It has been in operation since 1971. MESA was started by Randall Smith as a small repair shop which modified Fender Amplifiers, particularly the diminutive Fender Princeton. Smith's modifications gave the small amps much more input gain, making them much louder as well as creating a high-gain, distorted guitar tone. Prominent early customers included Carlos Santana, and Ron Wood and Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones. Exposure from these top players helped to establish Mesa/Boogie's position on the

"Fender Telecaster"
1949, when it was long understood that solid construction offered great advantages in electric instruments, but before any commercial solid-body Spanish guitars had caught on (the then-small Audiovox company apparently offered a modern, solid-body electric guitar as early as the mid-1930s), he built a better prototype. That hand-built prototype, an anonymous white guitar, had most of the features of what would become the Telecaster. It was designed in the spirit of the solid-body Hawaiian guitars manufactured by Rickenbacker — small, simple units made of Bakelite and aluminum with the parts bolted together — but with wooden construction. (Rickenbacker, then spelled

"Carvin Corporation"
Carvin Corporation Carvin Corporation was a family-owned San Diego, California, manufacturer of guitar amplifiers and audio equipment. The company was known for its early work using plastics in the 1940s, making electric guitars from Resinox. Founded by Lowel C Kiesel as the ""L.C. Kiesel Company,"" in 1946 in San Diego, California""."" The company's first self-manufactured items were guitar pickups, which were wound using an old sewing machine. Manufacturing then shifted to producing entire steel guitars. By 1947, operations briefly moved to Kiesel's home town of Gothenburg, Nebraska and back to Southern California in 1949, where Kiesel named the company ""Carvin"",

"2024 Summer Olympics"
Olympiads took place at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on 13 September 2017. Paris, Hamburg, Budapest, Rome, and Los Angeles were the five candidate cities. However, the process was hit by withdrawals, with political uncertainty and cost cited as deterring bidding cities. Hamburg withdrew its bid on 29 November 2015 after holding a referendum. Rome withdrew its bid on 21 September 2016 citing fiscal difficulties. On 22 February 2017, Budapest withdrew its bid after a petition against the bid collected more signatures than necessary for a referendum. Following these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland

the decision to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be the preferred host for the 2024 Games. On 31 July 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for the 2028 Games, opening Paris up to be confirmed as hosts for the 2024 Games. Both decisions were ratified at the 131st IOC Session on 13 September 2017. Paris was elected as the host city on September 13, 2017 at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru. The two French IOC members, Guy Drut and Tony Estanguet were ineligible to vote in this host

in France (including summer and winter Games). Bidding to host these Games began in 2015 with five candidate cities in contention, but Hamburg, Rome, and Budapest withdrew, leaving Paris and Los Angeles as the two candidates remaining. A proposal to elect the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on 11 July 2017 in Lausanne. On 31 July 2017, the IOC made a deal with Los Angeles to host the 2028 Summer Olympics, making Paris the host of the 2024 Summer Olympics. The formal announcement of the hosts for both

"2028 Summer Olympics"
(IOC) resolved in July 2017 to jointly award both the 2024 and 2028 Games. Thus on July 31, 2017, an agreement was reached wherein Los Angeles would bid for the 2028 Games with $1.8 billion of additional funding from the IOC, which then cleared the way for Paris to be confirmed as host of the 2024 Games. Both cities were formally announced as winners of their respective Games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on September 13, 2017. The bid was praised by the IOC for using a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities and relying on

of Russia's political and economic turmoil. Furthermore, at least four cities withdrew their bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics, citing the high costs or the lack of local support, resulting in only a two-city race between Almaty, Kazakhstan and Beijing, China. Thus in July 2016, ""The Guardian"" stated that the biggest threat to the future of the Olympics is that very few cities want to host them. Bidding for the 2024 Summer Olympics also became a two-city race between Paris and Los Angeles, so the IOC took the unusual step of simultaneously awarding both the 2024 Games to Paris and

declared the winner. On April 3, 2017 at the IOC convention in Denmark, Olympic officials met with bid committees from both Los Angeles and Paris to discuss the possibility of naming two winners in the competition to host the 2024 Summer Games. After these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes on June 9, 2017. The IOC formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal that was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on July 11, 2017 in Lausanne. The

IOC set up a process where the Los Angeles and Paris 2024 bid committees, and the IOC held meetings in July 2017 to decide which city would host in 2024 and who would host in 2028. Following the decision to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be the preferred host for the 2024 Games. On July 31, 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for the 2028 Games, allowing Paris to be confirmed as the host city for the 2024 Games. On August 11, 2017, the Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously

"2020 Summer Olympics"
baseball and softball (which were removed from the summer programme after 2008). Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities. The applicant cities of Baku (Azerbaijan) and Doha (Qatar) were not promoted to candidate status. A bid from Rome was withdrawn. The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Who later hosted to 2018 Summer Youth Games.) An exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and

"2022 Winter Olympics"
following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. These Games will also be the fourth Winter Olympics to be held in East Asia, after Sapporo (1972), Nagano (1998) and Pyeongchang (2018). Beijing will become the first city ever to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. There are plans to utilize many of the same indoor venues that were used in 2008, as well as using the Beijing National Stadium for the opening and closing ceremonies. The bidding calendar was announced by the IOC in October 2012, with the application deadline

"Summer Olympic Games"
and once each in Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italy (1960), Japan (1964), Mexico (1968), Canada (1976), Soviet Union (1980), South Korea (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008) and Brazil (2016). The IOC has selected Tokyo, Japan, to host the Summer Olympics for a second time in 2020. The 2024 Summer Olympics will be held in Paris, France, for a third time, exactly one hundred years after the city's last Summer Olympics in 1924. The IOC has also selected Los Angeles, California, to host its third Summer Games in 2028. To date, only five countries have participated in

"South Korean won"
South Korean won The won (; , ; symbol: ₩; code: KRW) or the Korean Won is the currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The won is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The old ""won"" was a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen. It is derived from the hanja (), meaning ""currency"" or ""coin."" The won was subdivided into 100 ""jeon"" (), itself a cognate

"Korean currency"
banks in the country exchange at rates closer to the black market rate. However, rampant inflation has been eroding the North Korean wŏn's value to such an extent that currently it is believed to be worth about the same as the South Korean wŏn (needs sourcing). In any case, the U.S. dollar and other currencies are still worth more in North Korean wŏn on the black market than officially. Following the end of the division of Korea, the won was introduced to replace the Korean yen. The won was subdivided in 100 jeon. The first banknotes were issued by the

"Etymology of the Korean currencies"
Etymology of the Korean currencies The won is the currency of both North and South Korea. ""Won"" is a cognate of the Chinese currency unit, the yuan, and the Japanese currency unit, the yen, meaning ""round object"". The won is subdivided into 100 jeon (전; 錢; McCune-Reischauer: ""chŏn""; Revised Romanization: ""jeon""). Yang is a former Korean currency. It is a cognate of the Chinese tael (pronounced ""liǎng"" in Chinese). The yang was subdivided into 100 fun (pronounced ""pun"" but spelt with an ""f"" on the coins). Fun (푼) is a cognate of the Chinese word fen (分 fēn), referring to

"Korean units of measurement"
maximum of ₩1,000,000 (about $800) for users of illegal units and ₩3,000,000 for sellers of measuring devices marked with unapproved units. South Korea's measurement standards are now maintained by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. Despite this strong official discouragement, some use continues in retail, manufacturing, and farming. Even among those who adopt metric units, cheeky use of awkward metric fractions equivalent to round amounts of the former units is common, especially with regard to the very common ""pyeong"" of floorspace. (Such treatment was avoided in the gold market by laws requiring pricing and denomination in even amounts

"Bank of Korea"
once. The Bank of Korea has the exclusive right to issue banknotes and coins in the Republic of Korea. Their dimensions, designs and denominations are determined by the Monetary Policy Committee with Government approval. The banknotes and coins thus issued have the status of legal tender within the country for all transactions, both public and private, without limitation. Currently, there are four different denominations of banknotes in circulation: ￦1,000, ￦5,000, ￦10,000 and ￦50,000<br> and coins in four : ￦10, ￦50, ￦100 and ￦500. The most important mission of the Bank of Korea is formulating and implementing monetary and credit policy.

Chaebol
the Korean word ""jaebeol"" (, from ""jae"" ""wealth or property"" + ""beol"" ""faction or clan"" – also written with the same Chinese characters 財閥 as Zaibatsu in Japan). The word entered English use in the 1980s. South Korea's economy was small and predominantly agricultural well into the mid-20th century. However, the policies of President Park Chung Hee spurred rapid industrialization by promoting large businesses, following his seizure of power in 1961. The First Five Year Economic Plan by the government set industrial policy toward new investment, and the chaebol were to be guaranteed loans from the banking sector. The chaebol

of the Chinese character 錢 (""qián"") which means ""money"" and also used as a unit of money in ancient times. The current won (1962 to present) is written in hangul only and does not officially have any hanja associated with it. Prior to 1910, the won was the currency. During the colonial era under the Japanese (1910-45), the won was replaced by the Korean yen which was at par with the Japanese Yen. After World War II ended in 1945, Korea was divided, resulting in two separate currencies, both called won, for the South and the North. Both the Southern

the present value derives from the units established by the Japanese. Despite being notionally illegal, the ""pyeong"" remains particularly common when discussing residential and commercial floorspace and tiles. A separate ""pyeong"" of 0.09m² was used for selling glass. The floorspace ""pyeong"" is still prevalent enough that it continues to be glossed in the government's promotional material for foreign investors. Farms and large estates were formerly generally measured in ""majigi"", which is notionally not based on multiples of the ""pyeong"" but on the amount of land suitable for the planting of one ""mall"" of rice or grain seed. In practice, it

between 10 and 1000 hwan were issued. Starting in 1959, 10 and 50 hwan coins were also issued to replace the lower denomination notes. Those were the first circulating coins in South Korea. Due to the short notice of the change in currency, the first series of the new notes was commissioned from the United States Government Printing Office. The notes were released in five denominations, all with an identical design. Some replacement notes with a more suited Korean theme were later issued, starting with the 100 hwan just a month later. The hwan suffered from inflation as well. At

Korean yen for 2 years until the Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established on December 6, 1947 and a new currency was issued. It was at the time pegged at par to the Soviet ruble. It was revalued at a rate of one hundred to one in February 1959 and new won were issued. In the following years the won faced some devaluation, caused by the subsequent devaluation and redenomination of the Soviet ruble. From 1978 to 2001, the North Korean government maintained an iconic rate of 2.16 won to the US dollar; since then

"Bangladesh–India border"
Bangladesh–India border The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states. Bangladesh and India share a -long international border, the fifth-longest land border in the world, including in Assam, in Tripura, in Mizoram, in Meghalaya, and in West Bengal. The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong are situated along the border. A number of pillars mark the border between the two states. Small demarcated portions of the border are fenced on both sides. The Land

flood lights for 277 kilometers in the West Bengal sector. Sometimes between 2001 and 2006 Bangladesh Border security troops (BDR) clashed with the Indian Border Security Force when the fence was built beyond the no man's land. Bangladesh–India border The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states. Bangladesh and India share a -long international border, the fifth-longest land border in the world, including in Assam, in Tripura, in Mizoram, in Meghalaya, and in West Bengal. The Bangladeshi divisions

Boundary Agreement to simplify the border was ratified by both India and Bangladesh on 7 May 2015. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan upon the partition of India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as chairman of the Border Commissions, was charged with equitably dividing of territory with 88 million people. The border is used as a route for smuggling livestock, food items, medicines and drugs from India to Bangladesh. Moreover, illegal immigrants from Bangladesh cross the border to India. Because of a large

border in the Indian state of West Bengal were a long-standing issue between the countries. The enclaves were reputedly part of a high-stakes card game or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur, and the result of the confused outcome of a treaty between the Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire. After the partition of India in 1947, Cooch Behar district merged with India and Rangpur went to then-East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh in 1971. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed a Land Boundary Agreement

"Radcliffe Line"
Radcliffe Line The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation line between the Indian and Pakistani portions of the Punjab and Bengal provinces of British India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions for the two provinces, received the responsibility to equitably divide of territory with 88 million people. The demarcation line was published on 17 August 1947 upon the Partition of India. Today its western side still serves as the Indo-Pakistani border and the eastern side serves as the India-Bangladesh border. On 15 July 1947, the Indian Independence

in 1974 to exchange all enclaves and simplify the international border. In 1974 Bangladesh approved the proposed Land Boundary Agreement, but India did not ratify it. In 2011 the two countries again agreed to exchange enclaves and adverse possessions. A revised version of the agreement was finally adopted by the two countries when the Parliament of India passed the 119th Amendment to the Indian Constitution on 7 May 2015. Inside the main part of Bangladesh, there were 111 Indian enclaves (17,160.63 acres), while inside the main part of India, there were 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (7,110.02 acres). In respect of adverse

"India–Bangladesh enclaves"
14,215 in Bangladeshi enclaves within India. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed the Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves and simplify their international border. A revised version of the agreement was adopted by the two countries on 7 May 2015, when the Parliament of India passed the 100th Amendment to the Indian Constitution. Under this agreement, which was ratified on 6 June 2015, India received 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (covering ) in the Indian mainland, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (covering ) in the Bangladeshi mainland. The counter-enclaves, together with Dahagram–Angarpota, will not be exchanged when

"Bhutan–India border"
Bhutan–India border The Bhutan-India Border’s the international boundary between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India. The border is 699 km long, and adjoins the Indian states of Assam (267 km), Arunachal Pradesh (217 km), West Bengal (183 km), and Sikkim (32 km). The Treaty of Peace between Britain and Bhutan demarcated the border in 1865, following the Bhutan War. The boundary was further detailed and refined in the 1973-1984 period through talks between Bhutan and India. Remaining disputes have been minor and concern part of the border with Arunachal Pradesh, and the region between Sarbhang and Geylegphug.

government increased the number of border posts. Bhutan–India border The Bhutan-India Border’s the international boundary between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India. The border is 699 km long, and adjoins the Indian states of Assam (267 km), Arunachal Pradesh (217 km), West Bengal (183 km), and Sikkim (32 km). The Treaty of Peace between Britain and Bhutan demarcated the border in 1865, following the Bhutan War. The boundary was further detailed and refined in the 1973-1984 period through talks between Bhutan and India. Remaining disputes have been minor and concern part of the border with Arunachal Pradesh,

"Geography of India"
border. After the exchange, India lost roughly 40 km² (10,000 acres) to Bangladesh. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India and the People's Republic of China. It traverses 4,057 km along the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. The border with Burma (Myanmar) extends up to along the southern borders of India's northeastern states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. Located amidst the Himalayan range, India's border with Bhutan runs . Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are the States, which share the border with Bhutan.

what tectonic setting is responsible for the folded mountains of pennsylvania and the high himalaya

"Geography of Pennsylvania"
abundant fossils, mineral deposits such as iron, as well as natural gas, coal and petroleum. These regions fostered 17th-19th century industries locally even into the 1930s days of mass production. To the south and east of the escarpment/plateau region, the folded mountains and alternating valleys are known as the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians. These extend from the South of the Appalachians to northern New England save where cut by water gaps. In Northeastern Pennsylvania from the east of Harrisburg on the Susquehanna River, these ridge and valley features contain the richest and most widespread deposits of high energy clean burning anthracite coal

"Geology of Pennsylvania"
that were deposited in a sea between an island-arc and the Iapetus eventually were squeezed and deformed along a subduction zone. The sediments deposited in that sea are now located in the Great Valley section. (See below) The sediments placed from the rifting of Rodinia became the roots of the ancestral Taconics and went through their first wave of metamorphism during the Taconic orogeny. Additional waves of metamorphism continued up until the Alleghanian orogeny. The lowlands are underlain primarily by more easily eroded rocks such as limestone, dolostone, and phyllite. These rocks are relatively younger in age than the surrounding

"Penns Valley"
the north, separated by Brush Mountain. The Appalachian Mountain chain was formed starting around 420 million years ago with the collision of the North American craton and the Iapetus Ocean and culminating with the collision of the modern-day eastern seaboard of the then Euramerican continent with Africa, then Gondwana, about 290 million years ago forming the supercontinent Pangea. Since the collision event the mountains have been eroding from the break-up of Pangea and through sedimentation formed the coastal plains to the east and limestone plateaus to the west. The footprints of the mountains formed the ridge and valley geological region

used tunnels cut through the ridges rather than scaling the mountain tops. Mount Nittany, Tuscarora Mountain, Jacks Mountain, Wills Mountain and Sideling Hill are five prominent mountains in this section. The section contains Cambrian- through Pennsylvanian-aged sediments all deposited into the Appalachian Basin. During the Appalachian orogany, these sediments became folded, faulted, and moved around. Only during the past few million years has the landscape we see today taken shape. The relatively softer or easily weathered rocks became valleys while the harder and erosion-resistant rocks became the mountain ridges. The development of this landscape continues to this day. Uplift of

Pennsylvania Canal System in the 1830s. To the northwest of the folded mountains is the Allegheny Plateau which lies above the cliff-like Allegheny Front escarpment, which continues into southwestern and south central New York, and is pierced in only a few places known as the gaps of the Allegheny. This Allegheny Plateau is so dissected by valleys formed by small streams and springs that it also seems mountainous, but with elevation differences between valley floors and hilltop peaks most often less than a few hundred feet. The plateau is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age, which bear

to grow in these plains. As the conditions became more favorable for the dense forests to survive for hundred of thousands of years, much of the dead plant material became preserved in oxygen-depleted environments. The accumulation of this material became preserved in the vast coal deposits. The rise and fall of the mountains, along with changes in sea level, occurred numerous times (often in conjunction). These cyclical stratagraphic events sequences are preserved in the rock record and are often called cyclothems. By the Late Permian, much of the continental plate collision had subsided; the mountain building however, still continued. All

"Allegheny Front"
High points on Back Allegheny Mountain and adjacent Shavers Mountain include Gaudineer Knob () and Bald Knob (); these two mountains form a part of the divide between the Monongahela River and New River portions of the Ohio River watershed. Most of the Allegheny Front is capped by a nearly horizontal, erosion-resistant stratum (rock layer) of white Pottsville conglomerate, sometimes where flat with younger Carboniferous strata on top. The silica-cemented gravel-containing Pottsville rock formed as part of a vast delta in the Pennsylvanian geologic period. The region was then uplifted and folded during the Alleghenian Orogeny about 320-250 million years

"Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians"
(the original mountains) to a low level with little relief, so that major rivers were flowing in unconsolidated sediments that were unaffected by the underlying rock structure. Then the region was uplifted slowly enough that the rivers were able to maintain their course, cutting through the ridges as they developed. Valleys may be synclinal valleys or anticlinal valleys. These mountains are at their highest development in central Pennsylvania, a phenomenon termed the ""Pennsylvania climax"". Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian

"Appalachian Mountains"
to wear them down. Streams carried rock debris downslope to be deposited in nearby lowlands. The Taconic Orogeny was just the first of a series of mountain building plate collisions that contributed to the formation of the Appalachians, culminating in the collision of North America and Africa (see Alleghanian orogeny). By the end of the Mesozoic Era, the Appalachian Mountains had been eroded to an almost flat plain. It was not until the region was uplifted during the Cenozoic Era that the distinctive topography of the present formed. Uplift rejuvenated the streams, which rapidly responded by cutting downward into the

in the world—the Coal Region—without which the industrial revolution in the United States would have been severely retarded and delayed. In 1859, near Titusville, Edwin L. Drake drilled the first oil well in the U.S. into these sediments. Similar rock layers also contain coal to the south and east of the oil and gas deposits. In the metamorphic (folded) belt, anthracite (hard coal) is mined near Wilkes-Barre and Hazelton. These fossil fuels have been an important resource to Pennsylvania. Timber and dairy farming are also sources of livelihood for midstate and western Pennsylvania. Along the shore of Lake Erie in

"Dragon Ball Super"
April 1, 2018. According to Amazon Japan, the final Blu-ray set indicated the series' end at episode 131. The series ended on March 25, 2018, with the conclusion of the ""Universe Survival Saga"". Fuji TV stated that no definite plans were made to either continue the series at a later date or discontinue it entirely. ""Dragon Ball Super"" received an English-language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India on January 21, 2017. This dub is produced by Los Angeles based Bang Zoom! Entertainment for the Asian market. A sneak preview of the English dub's first

released a week later. The first trailer was released at San Diego Comic-Con International 2018. The second trailer was released on October 4, 2018. The English version of the second trailer was released on October 5, 2018. The anime episodes are being released on Japanese Blu-ray and DVD sets that contain twelve episodes each. The first set was released on December 2, 2015. The second set was released on March 2, 2016. The third set was released on July 2, 2016. The fourth set was released on October 4, 2016. Bandai announced that a line of ""Dragon Ball Super"" toys

p.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of ""Dragon Ball Super"" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on Adult Swim. Toonami Africa started airing Dragon Ball Super in Fall 2017 at 15:00 CAT (Central African Time) with an edited Funimation English Dub. In Australia, ABC Me started airing Dragon Ball Super on November 3, 2018, with a new episode every Saturday at 2:45 pm. Norihito Sumitomo, the composer for ""Battle of Gods""

on April 4, 2016. Viz Media began posting free English translations of the manga chapters to their website on June 24, 2016. A print release of the first volume followed in spring 2017. The animated film, """", is the first film in the franchise to be produced under the ""Dragon Ball Super"" title. The film will be released on December 14, 2018. It will be a continuation to the series that will act as a new arc. A poster showcasing the film's new art style was released on March 12, 2018. A teaser depicting Goku facing off against Broly was

Yamadera and Masakazu Morita also return as Beerus and Whis, respectively. The first preview of the series aired on June 14, 2015, following episode 164 of ""Dragon Ball Z Kai"". The next day, the main promotional image for ""Dragon Ball Super"" was added to its official website and unveiled two new characters, who were later revealed to be named Champa and Vados, respectively. A thirty-second trailer including the new characters was uploaded to the series' official website on June 26, 2015. On January 19, 2018, it was revealed that ""Super""'s timeslot will be replaced with ""GeGeGe no Kitarō"" starting on

would be available in the United States in summer 2017. Bandai has also announced the updated ""Dragon Ball Super Card Game"" that starts with one starter deck, one special pack containing 4 booster packs and a promotional Vegeta card and a booster box with 24 packs. It was released on July 28, 2017. A line of six ""Dragon Ball Super"" Happy Meal toys were made available at Japanese McDonald's restaurants in May 2017. The average audience TV rating in Japan was 5.6% (Kanto region). The maximum audience rating was 8.4% (Episode 47) and the lowest rating was 3.5% (Episodes 109-110).

"Chōjin Sentai Jetman"
Chōjin Sentai Jetman Shout! Factory released ""Jetman"" in North America on September 25, 2018. This is the 10th ""Super Sentai"" to be released in North America and the first one that is non-Power Rangers adapted. This series takes place in 199X. On the Earth Ship, the command center of a defence agency called Sky Force, the guardians of peace on Earth, scientists have developed ""Birdonic Waves"", a newly developed technology which gives the subject superhuman abilities. Experiments called ""J-Project"" were successful. Aya Odagiri, the director of the project, chooses five elite Sky Force officials from Earth to use this technology.

"Dragon Ball Super: Broly"
a music trailer featuring the theme song ""Blizzard"" was released on November 24, 2018. The fifth and final trailer was released on 29 November 2018, with a dubbed version, also of the theme song, on 4 December 2018. Each trailer covered a different aspect of the film; the first introduced Broly and his fights against Vegeta, Goku and Frieza, the second their origin stories, the third more scenes from the fights, the fourth recapped previous scenes, and fifth which was the shortest introduced Gogeta's battle against Broly. The world premiere of ""Dragon Ball Super: Broly"" was held at the Nippon

"Kamen Rider Ghost"
and Necrom respectively. The V-Cinema was released on April 19, 2017. The theme song is ""NEW WORLD"" performed by Bentham. The film is written by Takuro Fukuda, and directed by Kazuya Kamihoriuchi. , written by Takuro Fukuda, is part of a series of spin-off novel adaptions of the Heisei Era Kamen Riders. The novel is split in three parts and focuses the origin of the Gamma World, the history and destiny of Daitenkū-ji, and the events after ""Ghost Re:Birth: Kamen Rider Specter"". The novel was released on November 17, 2017. , is the third installment of the """" series, was

"Dragon Ball Heroes"
March 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in ""Saikyō Jump"" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside ""Ultimate Charisma Mission!!"". In May 2018, ""V Jump"" announced a promotional anime for ""Super Dragon Ball Heroes"" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first

"Human hair color"
of both. More pheomelanin creates a more golden or strawberry blond color, and more eumelanin creates an ash or sandy blond color. Many children born with blond hair develop darker hair as they age, with the majority of natural blonds developing a hair color of a dark blond hue by the time they reach middle age. Pregnancy hormones hasten this process. Natural light blond hair is rare in adulthood, with claims of the world's population ranging from 2% naturally blond to 16% in the US. Blond hair is most commonly found in Northern and Western Europeans and their descendants but

is found in average brown hair. It is most commonly found in individuals of Northern and Western European descent. Red hair ranges from light strawberry blond shades to titian, copper, and completely red. It is caused by a variation in the ""Mc1r"" gene and is recessive. Red hair has the highest amounts of pheomelanin, around 67%, and usually low levels of eumelanin. At 1–2% of the population, it is the least common hair color in the world. It is most prominently found in the British Isles. Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads; 13 percent of the population has red

"Red hair"
scientific credibility in the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero. They concluded that red hair was associated with crimes of lust, and claimed that 48% of ""criminal women"" were redheads. Queen Elizabeth I of England was a redhead, and during the Elizabethan era in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is subject to fashion trends; celebrities such as Nicole Kidman, Alyson Hannigan, Marcia Cross, Christina Hendricks, Emma Stone and Geri Halliwell can boost sales of red hair dye. Sometimes, red hair darkens as people get older, becoming a more brownish color or

or women are often known as brunette. Chestnut hair is a hair color which is a reddish shade of brown hair. In contrast to auburn hair, the reddish shade of chestnut is darker. Chestnut hair is common among the native peoples of Northern, Central, Western, and Eastern Europe. Blond (or ""blonde"" for women) hair ranges from nearly white (platinum blond, tow-haired) to a dark golden blonde. Strawberry blond, a mixture of blond and red hair, is a much rarer type containing the most pheomelanin. Blond hair can have almost any proportion of pheomelanin and eumelanin, but has only small amounts

Blond
many children's blond hair turns light, medium, dark brown or black before or during their adult years. Because blond hair tends to turn brunette with age, natural blond hair is rare in adulthood; according to the sociologist Christie Davies, only around five percent of adults in Europe and North America are naturally blond. A study conducted in 2003 concluded that only four percent of American adults are naturally blond. Nonetheless, a significant majority of Caucasian women (perhaps as high as three in four) dye their hair blond, a significantly higher percentage than for any other hair color. Blond hair is

"Red hair"
dark pigment eumelanin, it is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye color, freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Cultural reactions to red hair have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads, who are often portrayed as possessing fiery tempers. The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510. Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles. Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples. In Ireland, the percentage

Blond
Blond Blond or fair hair is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish ""strawberry"" blond or golden-brownish (""sandy"") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin). Because hair color tends to darken with age, natural blond hair is generally very rare in adulthood. Naturally-occurring blond hair is primarily found in populations of northern European descent and is believed to have evolved to enable

"Red hair"
Red hair Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of northern or western European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein. Red hair varies in hue from a deep burgundy or bright copper (auburn) to burnt orange or red-orange to and strawberry blond. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the

"Red hair"
Asia. When henna is used on hair it dyes the hair to different shades of red. Emigration from Europe has multiplied the population of red haired humans in the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In the United States, it is estimated that 2–6% of the population has red hair. This would give the U.S. the largest population of redheads in the world, at 6 to 18 million, compared to approximately 420,000 in Ireland and 300,000 in Scotland. Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment by the poet Xenophanes describes the Thracians as blue-eyed and red-haired.

Blond
special purity. During the medieval period, Spanish ladies preferred to dye their hair black, yet by the time of the Renaissance in the 16th century the fashion (imported from Italy) was to dye their hair blond or red. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, blond hair, blue eyes, a tall stature, a long head, and an angled nose were deemed by scientific racists as hallmarks of the so-called ""master race"". In the nineteenth century, this race was usually referred to as the ""Germanic race"", but after the turn of the twentieth century, it came to be more commonly

"Great Pyramid of Giza"
an internal hillock, is roughly . Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day. Additionally, since it consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks, completing the building in 20 years would involve moving an average of more than 12 of the blocks into place each hour, day and night. The first precision measurements of the pyramid were made by Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880–82 and published as ""The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh"". Almost all reports are based on his measurements. Many of the casing-stones and inner

choice alone, with no regard to the overall size and proportions of the finished building. In 2013, rolls of papyrus called the Diary of Merer were discovered written by some of those who delivered limestone and other construction materials from Tora to Giza. The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries. The Tura limestone used for the casing was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the ""King's"" chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than away.

Traditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid. At completion, the Great Pyramid was surfaced by white ""casing stones""—slant-faced, but flat-topped, blocks of highly polished white limestone. These

"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques"
of a total of , or about 405 tons. It was made out of 186 stones weighing an average of 2.2 tons each. Twelve quarrymen carved 186 stones in 22 days, and the structure was erected using 44 men. They used iron hammers, chisels and levers (this is a modern shortcut, as the ancient Egyptians were limited to using copper and later bronze and wood). But Lehner and Hopkins did experiments with copper tools, noting that they were adequate for the job in hand, provided that additional manpower was available to constantly resharpen the ancient tools. They estimated they would

estimated that the total project required an average workforce of about 14,500 people and a peak workforce of roughly 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis methods, which suggest that the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. The original entrance to the Great Pyramid is on the north, vertically above ground level and east of the centre line of the pyramid. From this original entrance, there is a Descending Passage 0 high and wide, which goes down at an angle of 26° 31'23"" through the masonry

a level bed, which enabled the masons to set the stones exactly. Many alternative, often contradictory, theories have been proposed regarding the pyramid's construction techniques. Many disagree on whether the blocks were dragged, lifted, or even rolled into place. The Greeks believed that slave labour was used, but modern discoveries made at nearby workers' camps associated with construction at Giza suggest that it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers. Verner posited that the labour was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two ""gangs"" of 100,000 men, divided into five ""zaa"" or ""phyle"" of 20,000 men each,

four cardinal compass points (within four minutes of arc) based on true north, not magnetic north, and the finished base was squared to a mean corner error of only 12 seconds of arc. The completed design dimensions, as suggested by Petrie's survey and subsequent studies, are estimated to have originally been 280 Egyptian Royal cubits high by 440 cubits long at each of the four sides of its base. The ratio of the perimeter to height of 1760/280 Egyptian Royal cubits equates to 2π to an accuracy of better than 0.05 percent (corresponding to the well-known approximation of π as

concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at , the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and

project required an average workforce of 14,567 people and a peak workforce of 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis to suggest the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. Their study estimates the number of blocks used in construction was between 2 and 2.8 million (an average of 2.4 million), but settles on a reduced finished total of 2 million after subtracting the estimated volume of the hollow spaces of the chambers and galleries. Most sources agree on this number of blocks somewhere above 2.3 million.

which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers. One mystery of the pyramid's construction is its planning. John Romer suggests that they used the same method that had been used for earlier and later constructions, laying out parts of the plan on the ground at a 1-to-1 scale. He writes that ""such a working diagram would also serve to generate the architecture of the pyramid with precision unmatched by any other means"". He also argues for a 14-year time-span for its construction. A modern construction management study, in association with Mark Lehner and other Egyptologists,

"Indo-Pakistani War of 1971"
came from the surrender of East Pakistan was finally announced, the people could not come to terms with the magnitude of defeat; spontaneous demonstrations and massive protests erupted on the streets of major metropolitan cities in Pakistan. According to Pakistani historians, the trauma was extremely severe, and the cost of the war for Pakistan in monetary terms and in human resources was very high. Demoralized and finding unable to control the situation, the Yahya administration fell when President Yahya Khan turned over his presidency to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who was sworn in on 20 December 1971 as President with the

starting a massive buildup of the Indian Army on the western borders; the army waited until December, when the drier ground in the East would have made for easier operations and the Himalayan passes would have been closed by snow, preventing any Chinese intervention. On 23 November, President Yahya Khan declared a state of emergency in all of Pakistan and told his people to prepare for war. On the evening of 3 December, at about 5:40 pm, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) launched surprise pre-emptive strikes on eleven airfields in north-western India, including Agra, which was from the border. At

Balochistan province into its side of Balochistan, by any means necessary, before anybody else did it. The war stripped Pakistan of more than half of its population, and with nearly one-third of its army in captivity, clearly established India's military and political dominance of the subcontinent. India successfully led a diplomatic campaign to isolate Pakistan and skillfully manipulate Pakistan's supporting countries to limit the extent of support to Pakistan. In addition, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's state visit to United Kingdom and France further helped break ice with the United States, and blocked any pro-Pakistan resolution in the United Nations. There

new balance of power, and when India conducted a surprise nuclear test in 1974, the US notified India that it had no ""interest in actions designed to achieve new balance of power."" In spite of the magnitude of the victory, India was surprisingly restrained in its reaction. Mostly, Indian leaders seemed pleased by the relative ease with which they had accomplished their goals—the establishment of Bangladesh and the prospect of an early return to their homeland of the 10 million Bengali refugees who were the cause of the war. In announcing the Pakistani surrender, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared in

deployment of the military in East Pakistan on 25 March, when it initiated its military crackdown. President Yahya Khan called on the military - which was overwhelmingly led by West Pakistanis - to suppress dissent in the East, after accepting the resignation of Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the chief of staff of the East-Pakistani military. Mass arrests of dissidents began and, after several days of strikes and non-cooperation, the Pakistani military, led by Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, cracked down on Dhaka on the night of 25 March 1971. The government outlawed the Awami League, which forced many of its members and

the premiership of Pakistan to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The Awami League called for general strikes in the country. President Yahya Khan postponed the inauguration of the National Assembly, causing a shattering disillusionment to the Awami League and their supporters throughout East Pakistan. In reaction, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for general strikes that eventually shutdown the government, and dissidents in the East began targeting the ethnic Bihari community, which had supported West Pakistan. In early March 1971, approximately 300 Biharis were slaughtered in riots by Bengali mobs in Chittagong alone. The Government of Pakistan used the ""Bihari massacre"" to justify its

rebellion after taking refuge in different parts of India. The Bangladesh Force, namely the Mukti Bahini, consisting of Niyomito Bahini (Regular Force) and Oniyomito Bahini (Guerilla Force), was formed under the retired colonel Mohammad Ataul Gani Osmani. After the resignations of Admiral S.M. Ahsan and Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the media correspondents began airing reports of the Pakistani military's widespread genocide against their Bengali citizens, particularly aimed at the minority Bengali Hindu population, which led to approximately 10 million people seeking refuge in the neighbouring states of Eastern India. The Indian government opened the East Pakistan–India border to allow the

Bengali refugees to find safe shelter; the governments of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura established refugee camps along the border. The resulting flood of impoverished East Pakistani refugees strained India's already overburdened economy. The Indian government repeatedly appealed to the international community for assistance, but failed to elicit any response, despite the External Affairs minister Swaran Singh meeting foreign ministers of other countries. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 27 March 1971 expressed full support of her government for the independence struggle of the people of East Pakistan, and concluded that instead of taking in millions of refugees, it

Pakistan under Bhutto launched the clandestine development of nuclear weapons in a view of ""never to allow another foreign invasion of Pakistan."" This crash program reached parity in 1977 when the first weapon design was successfully achieved. As a result of the war, East Pakistan disintegrated and became an independent country, Bangladesh, as the world's fourth most populous Muslim state on 16 December 1971. Pakistan itself secured the release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Headquarter Prison and allowed him to return to Dacca. On 19 January 1972, Mujib was inaugurated as the first President of Bangladesh, later becoming the

March 2012, President of Bangladesh Zillur Rahman and the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina conferred Bangladesh Liberation War Honour and Friends of Liberation War Honour to 75 individuals, six organisations, Mitra Bahini and the people of India at a special ceremony at the Bangabandhu International Conference Centre, Dhaka. This included eight heads of states: former Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav, the third King of Bhutan Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, former Soviet Presidents Leonid IIyich Brezhnev and Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny, former Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin, former Yugoslav President Marshal Josip Broz Tito, former UK Prime Minister Sir Edward Richard George Heath

"Calf (leg)"
Calf (leg) The calf (Latin: sura) is the back portion of the lower leg in human anatomy. The muscles within the calf correspond to the posterior compartment of the leg. The two largest muscles within this compartment are known together as the calf muscle and attach to the heel via the Achilles tendon. Several other, smaller muscles attach to the knee, the ankle, and via long tendons to the toes. The calf is composed of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg: The gastrocnemius and soleus (composing the triceps surae muscle) and the tibialis posterior. The sural nerve

"Gastrocnemius muscle"
Gastrocnemius muscle The gastrocnemius muscle (plural ""gastrocnemii"") is a superficial two-headed muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg of humans. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, a two joint muscle. The muscle is named via Latin, from Greek ""γαστήρ"" (""gaster"") ""stomach"" and ""κνήμη"" (""knḗmē"") ""leg""; meaning ""stomach of leg"" (referring to the bulging shape of the calf). The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, while the medial head originates from

and 1425. Historically, the ""absence of calf"", meaning a lower leg without a prominent calf muscle, was regarded by some authors as a sign of inferiority: ""it is well known that monkeys have no calves, and still less do they exist among the lower orders of mammals"". Calf (leg) The calf (Latin: sura) is the back portion of the lower leg in human anatomy. The muscles within the calf correspond to the posterior compartment of the leg. The two largest muscles within this compartment are known together as the calf muscle and attach to the heel via the Achilles tendon.

"Gluteus maximus"
Gluteus maximus The gluteus maximus (also known collectively with the gluteus medius and minimus, as the gluteal muscles, and sometimes referred to informally as the ""glutes"") is the main extensor muscle of the hip. It is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles and makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips. Its thick fleshy mass, in a quadrilateral shape, forms the prominence of the buttocks. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power

"Quadriceps femoris muscle"
include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targeting solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise. In body building communities, this muscle is colloquially referred to as the ""leg triceps"". The proper Latin plural form of the adjective ""quadriceps"" would be ""quadricipites"". In modern English usage, ""quadriceps"" is used in both singular and plural. The singular form ""quadricep"", produced by back-formation, is frequently used. Quadriceps femoris muscle The quadriceps femoris (, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It

proprius, a large muscle that extends from the ischial tuberosity to a relatively more distant insertion on the femur. In adapting to bipedal gait, reorganization of the attachment of the muscle as well as the moment arm was required. Gluteus maximus The gluteus maximus (also known collectively with the gluteus medius and minimus, as the gluteal muscles, and sometimes referred to informally as the ""glutes"") is the main extensor muscle of the hip. It is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles and makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of each side of

of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. Other primates have much flatter hips and can not sustain standing erectly. The muscle is remarkably coarse in function and structure, being made up of muscle fascicles lying parallel with one another, and collected together into larger bundles separated by fibrous septa. It arises from the posterior gluteal line of the inner upper ilium, a pelvic bone, and roughly the portion of the bone including the crest of the ilium (the hip bone), immediately above and behind it; and from the posterior surface of the lower part of the sacrum, the base

the medial condyle of the femur. Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles Tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone. Further, it is considered a superficial muscle as it is located directly under skin, so its shape is clearly visible in a normal human being. Deep to the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle. Some anatomists consider both to be a single muscle, the triceps surae or ""three-headed [muscle] of the calf"", since they share a common

Quadriceps femoris muscle The quadriceps femoris (, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. The name derives . It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tuberosity of the tibia via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament. There

Caudofemoralis
Caudofemoralis The caudofemoralis (from the Latin ""cauda"", tail and ""femur"", thighbone) is a muscle found in the pelvic limb of mostly all animals possessing a tail. It is thus found in nearly all tetrapods. The caudofemoralis spans plesiomorphically between femur (thigh) and tail; in mammals it is reduced and found directly posterior/caudal to the gluteus maximus and directly anterior/cranial to the biceps femoris. The caudofemoralis originates from the transverse processes of the second, third and fourth caudal vertebrae. The caudodistal portion of the muscle in mammals lies deep to the proximocranial portion of the Biceps femoris; near the middle of

"Article Two of the United States Constitution"
Article Two of the United States Constitution Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws. Article Two vests the power of the executive branch in the office of the President of the United States, lays out the procedures for electing and removing the president, and establishes the president's powers and responsibilities. Section 1 of Article Two establishes the positions of the president and the vice president, and sets the term of both offices at four years. Section 1's Vesting Clause declares that the executive power of

Article One of the United States Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article One grants Congress various enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws ""necessary and proper"" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places various limits on the powers of Congress and the states. Article One's Vesting Clause grants all federal legislative power to Congress and establishes that

The former bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the Supreme Court. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. In addition to separation of powers and equally important to limited government, each independent and sovereign branch also provides checks and balances on the operation and power of the other two branches. The President's executive power is subject to two important limitations. First, the President lacks executive authority explicitly granted to Congress. Hence the President cannot declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal,

states plus the District of Columbia. Article One of the United States Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article One grants Congress various enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws ""necessary and proper"" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places various limits on the powers of Congress and the states. Article One's Vesting Clause grants all federal legislative

the federal government is vested in the president and, along with the Vesting Clauses of Article One and Article Three, establishes the separation of powers between the three branches of government. Section 1 also establishes the Electoral College, the body charged with electing the president and the vice president. Section 1 provides that each state chooses members of the Electoral College in a manner directed by each state's respective legislature, with the states granted electors equal to their combined representation in both houses of Congress. Section 1 lays out the procedures of the Electoral College and requires the House of

are, in proper cases, subject to its cognizance."" Thus, the courts cannot bar the passage of a law by Congress, though it may later strike down such a law as unconstitutional. A similar construction applies to the executive branch. The President commissions ""all the Officers of the United States."" These include officers in both military and foreign service. (Under Article I, Section 8, the States have authority for ""the Appointment of the Officers . . . of the [State] Militia . . .."") The presidential authority to commission officers had a large impact on the 1803 case ""Marbury v. Madison"",

that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are Constitutional."" Article Two describes the office, qualifications, and duties of the President of the United States and the Vice President. The President is head of the executive branch of the federal government, as well as the nation's head of state and head of government. Article two is modified by the 12th Amendment which tacitly acknowledges political parties, and the 25th Amendment relating to office succession. The president is to receive only one compensation from the federal government. The inaugural oath is specified to

bills of attainder and other practices. Section 10 places limits on the states, prohibiting them from entering into alliances with foreign powers, impairing contracts, taxing imports or exports above the minimum level necessary for inspection, keeping armies, or engaging in war without the consent of Congress. Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III. The former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three

branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. The separation of powers principle is particularly noteworthy in regard to the Congress. The Constitution declares that the Congress may exercise only those legislative powers ""herein granted"" within Article I (as later limited by the Tenth Amendment). It also, by implied extension, prohibits Congress from delegating its legislative authority to either of the other branches of government, a rule known as the nondelegation doctrine.

"Separation of powers under the United States Constitution"
President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office ""with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,"" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and ""take care that the laws be faithfully executed"" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress

"French Revolution"
the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries. Internally, popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly, culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror, from 1793 until 1794, established price controls on food and other items, abolished slavery in French colonies abroad, de-established the Catholic church (dechristianised society) and created a secular Republican calendar, religious leaders were expelled, and the borders of the new republic were secured

from its enemies. After the Thermidorian Reaction, an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795. They suspended elections, repudiated debts (creating financial instability in the process), persecuted the Catholic clergy, and made significant military conquests abroad. Dogged by charges of corruption, the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. Napoleon, who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns, established the Consulate and later the First Empire, setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars. The modern era has unfolded

"Napoleon III"
enemies of the Republic."" In June 1848, the June Days Uprising broke out in Paris, led by the far left, against the conservative majority in the National Assembly. Hundreds of barricades appeared in the working-class neighborhoods. General Cavaignac, the leader of the army, first withdrew his soldiers from Paris to allow the insurgents to deploy their barricades, and then returned with overwhelming force to crush the uprising; from 24 to 26 June, there were battles in the streets of the working class districts of Paris. An estimated five thousand insurgents were killed at the barricades; fifteen thousand were arrested, and

an armistice between Italy, which had allied itself with Prussia, and Austria, in exchange for which France would receive Venetia. But on 3 July, the Prussian army crushed the Austrian army at the Battle of Königgrätz, in Bohemia. The way to Vienna was open for the Prussians, and Austria asked for an armistice. The armistice was signed on 22 July; Prussia annexed the Kingdom of Hanover, the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel, the Duchy of Nassau and the Free City of Frankfurt, with a combined population of four million people. The Austrian defeat was followed by a new crisis in the health

inexhaustible British Treasury, formed a Second Coalition in 1799 (with Britain joined by Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria). The allies scored a series of victories that rolled back French successes, retaking Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands and ending the flow of payments from the conquered areas to France. The treasury was empty. Despite his publicity claiming many glorious victories, Napoleon's army was trapped in Egypt after the British sank the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon escaped by himself, returned to Paris and overthrew the Directory in November, 1799. Napoleon conquered most of Italy in the

capitulate! He is dead!...They are trying to hide it from me. Why didn't he kill himself! Doesn't he know he has dishonored himself?!"". Later, when hostile crowds formed near the palace, and the staff began to flee, the Empress slipped out with one of her entourage and sought sanctuary with her American dentist, who took her to Deauville. From there, on 7 September, she took the yacht of a British official to England. On 4 September, a group of republican deputies, led by Léon Gambetta, gathered at the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) in Paris and proclaimed the return of

penal colony in Cayenne. 9,530 followers were sent to French Algeria, 1,500 were expelled from France, and another 3,000 were given forced residence away from their homes. Soon afterwards, a commission of revision freed 3,500 of those sentenced. In 1859 the remaining 1800 prisoners and exiles were amnestied, with the exception of the republican leader Ledru-Rollin, who was released from prison but required to leave the country. Strict press censorship was enacted by a decree from 17 February 1852. No newspaper dealing with political or social questions could be published without the permission of the government, fines were increased, and

the Reign of Terror (1793–94). According to archival records, at least 16,594 people died under the guillotine or otherwise after accusations of counter-revolutionary activities. As many as 40,000 accused prisoners may have been summarily executed without trial or died awaiting trial. On 2 June 1793, Paris sections – encouraged by the ""enragés"" (""enraged ones"") Jacques Roux and Jacques Hébert – took over the Convention, calling for administrative and political purges, a low fixed price for bread, and a limitation of the electoral franchise to ""sans-culottes"" alone. With the backing of the National Guard, they managed to persuade the Convention to

"History of France"
Confederation of the Rhine switched sides, finally opposing Napoleon. Napoleon was largely defeated in the Battle of the Nations outside Leipzig in October 1813, his forces heavily outnumbered by the Allied coalition armies and was overwhelmed by much larger armies during the Six Days Campaign (February 1814), although, the Six Days Campaign is often considered a tactical masterpiece because the allies suffered much higher casualties. Napoleon abdicated on 6 April 1814, and was exiled to Elba. The conservative Congress of Vienna reversed the political changes that had occurred during the wars. Napoleon suddenly returned, seized control of France, raised an

of treachery and butchered him. The King, alarmed by the violence, backed down, at least for the time being. The Marquis de Lafayette took up command of the National Guard at Paris. Jean-Sylvain Bailly, president of the Assembly at the time of the Tennis Court Oath, became the city's mayor under a new governmental structure known as the ""commune"". The King visited Paris, where, on 17 July he accepted a tricolore cockade, to cries of ""Vive la Nation"" (""Long live the Nation"") and ""Vive le Roi"" (""Long live the King""). Necker was recalled to power, but his triumph was short-lived.

"Joseph Kearns"
he had turned 55. He was buried at the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. Joseph Kearns Joseph Sherrard Kearns (February 12, 1907 – February 17, 1962) was an American actor, who is best remembered for his role as George Wilson (""Mr. Wilson"") in the CBS television series ""Dennis the Menace"" from 1959 until his death in 1962, and for providing the voice of the Doorknob in the 1951 animated Disney film, ""Alice in Wonderland"". Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Kearns moved with his family to California when he was very young. His mother was Cordelia M.

Joseph Kearns Joseph Sherrard Kearns (February 12, 1907 – February 17, 1962) was an American actor, who is best remembered for his role as George Wilson (""Mr. Wilson"") in the CBS television series ""Dennis the Menace"" from 1959 until his death in 1962, and for providing the voice of the Doorknob in the 1951 animated Disney film, ""Alice in Wonderland"". Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Kearns moved with his family to California when he was very young. His mother was Cordelia M. Kearns (née Peterson; 1877–1962), a concert pianist, from whom Kearns derived his love of music. He and

"Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)"
Episodes"". Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series) Dennis the Menace is an American sitcom based on the Hank Ketcham comic strip of the same name and preceding ""The Ed Sullivan Show"" on Sunday evenings on CBS from October 1959 to July 1963. The series stars Jay North as Dennis Mitchell; Herbert Anderson as his father, Henry; Gloria Henry as his mother, Alice; Joseph Kearns as George Wilson; Gale Gordon as George's brother, John Wilson; Sylvia Field as George's wife, Martha Wilson; and Sara Seegar as John's wife, Eloise Wilson. Originally sponsored by Kellogg's cereals and Best Foods (Skippy peanut butter),

Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series) Dennis the Menace is an American sitcom based on the Hank Ketcham comic strip of the same name and preceding ""The Ed Sullivan Show"" on Sunday evenings on CBS from October 1959 to July 1963. The series stars Jay North as Dennis Mitchell; Herbert Anderson as his father, Henry; Gloria Henry as his mother, Alice; Joseph Kearns as George Wilson; Gale Gordon as George's brother, John Wilson; Sylvia Field as George's wife, Martha Wilson; and Sara Seegar as John's wife, Eloise Wilson. Originally sponsored by Kellogg's cereals and Best Foods (Skippy peanut butter), the

"Dennis the Menace (film)"
retaliate by sticking a thumbtack on the doorbell and preparing water and flour to dump on the prankster. However, George goes over there to prove that Dennis was responsible for the paint on his chicken, despite the wishes of his wife, Martha (Joan Plowright), only to ring the doorbell, stick his thumb, and get water and flour dumped on him, much to Martha's amusement. The next morning, Dennis goes over to the Wilsons' house to apologize for the events of the previous night, but finds himself playing with Mr. Wilson's dentures, losing the two front teeth down the drain, and

"Mason Gamble"
Mason Gamble Mason Wilson Gamble (born January 16, 1986) is an American former actor and marine biologist known for his portrayal of Dennis Mitchell in the 1993 film ""Dennis the Menace"", a role he got after beating out a reported 20,000 children who had auditioned, and as Jason Schwartzman's sidekick, Dirk Calloway, in Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson's critically acclaimed 1998 film ""Rushmore"". He also appeared in ""Anya's Bell"" with Della Reese, starring as a dyslexic boy. In 1999, Gamble portrayed Brady Lang in the thriller ""Arlington Road"". He had a featured role in the short-lived 2001 CBS drama ""Kate

Kearns followed a strict six-week Metrecal diet that may have contributed to his death. The following two episodes were filmed without the character of Mr. Wilson. Gale Gordon joined the cast for the last six episodes of the season as Mr. Wilson's brother John. Gordon bore a closer resemblance to the comic strip's Mr. Wilson than Kearns did. It was explained that John was staying as a guest while George was settling an estate back east. Sylvia Field, who played Martha Wilson, was let go at the end of the season. In the fourth and final season, John Wilson purchased

"Robert Stanton (actor)"
Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton (born March 8, 1963) is an American film, television and stage actor, director and playwright. He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film ""Dennis the Menace"" as Henry Mitchell, the title character's father. Stanton was born in San Antonio and raised in Annandale, Virginia, the son of federal workers Billie Loree (née Baker) and Lloyd Winter Stanton, Jr. Stanton trained at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program and began his acting career in Joseph Papp's production of the play ""Measure for Measure"", at the Delacorte Theater in

"Jay North"
that I was able to have such a positive impact on people's lives. I'm going to write my autobiography and then I'm just going to live a contented, happy life here in Lake Butler with the people I love, and kind of just vanish into the mists of time."" Jay North Jay Waverly North (born August 3, 1951) is an American actor. Beginning a career as a child actor at the age of six, he became a household name during the early 1960s for his role as the well-meaning but mischievous Dennis Mitchell on the CBS situation comedy ""Dennis the

called ""A Dennis the Menace Christmas"" was released in 2007 with different cast from both first and second films. Dennis Mitchell (Mason Gamble) is a 5-year-old boy who lives with his parents, Henry (Robert Stanton) and Alice (Lea Thompson) in Evanston, Illinois, and is the bane of next door neighbor, George Wilson (Walter Matthau). One morning, George (or ""Mr. Wilson"" as Dennis calls him) pretends to be asleep in order to avoid dealing with Dennis. Dennis enters his bedroom, only to find him asleep with by his prescription medication on his night stand, and thinks he is sick. To make

"Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act"
Surveillance Court (FISC) and enabled it to oversee requests for surveillance warrants by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies (primarily the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Security Agency) against suspected foreign intelligence agents inside the U.S. The court is located within the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse in Washington, D.C. The court is staffed by eleven judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve seven-year terms. Proceedings before the FISA court are ""ex parte"" and non-adversarial. The court hears evidence presented solely by the Department of Justice. There is no provision for a

"José A. Cabranes"
José A. Cabranes José Alberto Cabranes (born December 22, 1940) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and a member of the three-judge United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (""FISCR""), designated in May 2018 as Presiding Judge of the FISCR. Formerly a practicing lawyer, government official, and law teacher, he was the first Puerto Rican appointed to a federal judgeship in the continental United States (1979). Cabranes was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico into a family of educators; both his mother and father were school teachers. Both parents

"Rosemary M. Collyer"
She assumed senior status on May 18, 2016. In 2013, Collyer was appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to a seven-year term on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. The Court provides a measure of judicial oversight over surveillance activities under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, as amended. Judge Collyer's term on the FIS Court began on March 8, 2013 and will conclude on March 7, 2020. She replaced Judge John D. Bates, whose term ended on February 21, 2013. Judge Collyer presided over a number of habeas corpus petitions submitted on behalf of Guantanamo captives. In ""United

"Andrew S. Effron"
general counsel at the Department of Defense, and then served the Senate Armed Services Committee, before being appointed to federal court. Andrew S. Effron Andrew S. Effron (born September 18, 1948) is the former Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF). He took his judicial oath on August 1, 1996, and became chief judge in 2006. His term expired September 30, 2011. He continues to serve as a Senior Judge on the court. Effron was born in Stamford, Connecticut and grew up in Poughkeepsie, New York. He earned degrees from Harvard College and

"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review"
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR) is a U.S. federal court whose sole purpose is to review denials of applications for electronic surveillance warrants (called FISA warrants) by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (or FISC). The FISCR was established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (known as FISA for short) and consists of a panel of three judges. Like the FISC, the FISCR is not an adversarial court; rather, the only party to the court is the federal government, although other parties may submit

"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"
court. As of 2017, Chief Justice John Roberts has appointed all of the current judges, four of whom were nominated to their District Court judgeships by a Democratic President. Notes References United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC, also called the FISA Court) is a U.S. federal court established and authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Such requests are made most often by the National Security Agency (NSA) and

"United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces"
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (in case citations, C.A.A.F. or USCAAF) is an Article I court that exercises worldwide appellate jurisdiction over members of the United States Armed Forces on active duty and other persons subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The court reviews decisions from the intermediate appellate courts of the services: the Army

Andrew S. Effron Andrew S. Effron (born September 18, 1948) is the former Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF). He took his judicial oath on August 1, 1996, and became chief judge in 2006. His term expired September 30, 2011. He continues to serve as a Senior Judge on the court. Effron was born in Stamford, Connecticut and grew up in Poughkeepsie, New York. He earned degrees from Harvard College and then from Harvard Law School, and also graduated from The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School. He served as associate

"EFTA Court"
non-members so the EFTA Court was set up to perform this role instead of the ECJ. Since September 1995, the Court has consisted of three judges and six ad-hoc judges. They are nominated by the three members and appointed by their Governments collectively through common accord. According to Article 108(2) of the EEA Agreement of 2 May 1992, the EFTA States taking part in the EEA Agreement shall establish a court of justice. That obligation was complied with by the conclusion of the ""Surveillance and Court Agreement"" (SCA), cf. Art. 27. The EFTA Court was originally designed for the then

"Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals"
Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals The Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals (CGCCA) is the intermediate appellate court for criminal convictions in the U.S. Coast Guard. It is located in Washington, DC. The Court was established under Article 66, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), by the Judge Advocate General of the Coast Guard. The Court is normally composed of five appellate military judges, organized in panels of three for consideration of referred cases. All but the Chief Judge have other primary duties, so that their service on the Court constitutes a collateral duty. In general, the Court reviews

"Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory"
January 1, 2015 and ended March 5, 2015. Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory is an American reality television series that aired on MTV and debuted on February 8, 2009. The factory is a space for skateboarder Rob Dyrdek to manage two aspects of his life, business and pleasure. The 25,000-square-foot complex contains two distinct areas: A warehouse designed for skateboarding and an office complex. Dyrdek's cousin, Christopher ""Drama"" Pfaff serves as Dyrdek's assistant on the show. Christopher ""Big Black"" Boykin, originally from ""Rob & Big"", made his debut appearance to the Fantasy Factory beginning in the fourth

Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory is an American reality television series that aired on MTV and debuted on February 8, 2009. The factory is a space for skateboarder Rob Dyrdek to manage two aspects of his life, business and pleasure. The 25,000-square-foot complex contains two distinct areas: A warehouse designed for skateboarding and an office complex. Dyrdek's cousin, Christopher ""Drama"" Pfaff serves as Dyrdek's assistant on the show. Christopher ""Big Black"" Boykin, originally from ""Rob & Big"", made his debut appearance to the Fantasy Factory beginning in the fourth season. Rashawn ""Bam Bam"" Davis, who co-starred with

"Rob Dyrdek"
businesses. He also built a music studio for his cousin Pfaff inside the factory. During the course of the first season, he also opened his first SafeSpot SkateSpot. At the grand-opening, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa rode with Dyrdek on the world's largest skateboard. Fantasy Factory aired a total of seven seasons, with the season finale airing on March 13, 2014. The show mainly featured a cast of Dyrdek, Chris Pfaff, Boykin, Scott Pfaff, Chanel West Coast, and Sterling Brim. Episodes included seeing Dyrdek bitten by a shark, and being attacked by a trained tiger. Other stunts that Dyrdek filmed included performing

Rob, Big Black, and Drama in ""Rob & Big"", made his first appearance in the Fantasy Factory on the third episode of Season 5. Throughout the series, guest appearances included Ryan Sheckler, John Mayer, Danny Way, Steve Berra, Ludacris, and Johnny Knoxville and Chris Pontius from ""Jackass"". On September 17, 2013, it was announced that ""Fantasy Factory"" was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 16, 2014. The sixth season was originally announced to be the final season, but in June 2014, MTV announced that ""Fantasy Factory"" would return for a seventh season. The seventh season premiered on

"Fantasy Black Channel"
because of its eclecticism and spirit of invention. Late of the Pier did not record any further albums following the death of drummer Ross Dawson in 2015. Having officially formed a band under the name Late of the Pier in 2004, childhood friends Sam Eastgate, Andrew Faley, Sam Potter, and the late Ross Dawson initially developed the sound of their first album by listening to the alternative dance music of British ensemble The Prodigy and the grunge music of American band Nirvana. They soon branched out into listening to diverse genres from the last 40 years of music, including Motown

"Fantasy Farm"
successfully built and ran a series of mills (including a paper mill, a tin mill, a flour mill, a gristmill, and a sharpening mill), a brewery, a malthouse, a distillery, and the Don Valley Brick Works. The property of Fantasy Farm was originally known as the Skinner home, later acquired by the Taylors. However, in 1901, most of the Taylor holdings had been attained by Robert Davies, including the location of Fantasy Farm itself. The property was left somewhat neglected, and it was not until almost half a century later, in 1944, when Rand Freeland, a successful entrepreneur from Toronto

"Avalon Hollywood"
and final show here on August 6, 1996. It was recorded for billboard live for the album ""We're Outta Here!"". The building has hosted the American Music Awards. 1735 Vine was purchased by Hollywood Entertainment Partners in September 2002, and renamed ""Avalon"". Since 2004, the venue has been open to the public on Friday's ""Control"" and Saturday's ""Avaland"". ""Control"" is focused around dubstep, Trap and Electro, while ""Avaland"" brings in the bigger named DJs, mainly playing house music, trance and techno music. Giant Club helps coordinate, run, and promote these events. One of the owners, Jonathan Lyons used to own

"Fantasy Gardens"
later sale of the park led to charges of conflict of interest, which in turn led to his resignation in 1991 and the defeat of the Social Credit government. Vander Zalm sold the property in the early 1990s to Chinese-born Filipino-Taiwanese businessman Tan Yu for $16 million, whose AsiaWorld then sold it to local developer firm Townline in 2007 that redeveloped into retail property named ""The Gardens"". On 7 September 2010, Fantasy Gardens was torn down, but the Dutch Castle, now a community landmark, was saved. The castle is a replica of Coevorden Castle, possibly the ancestral home of Captain

"Virtual Magic Kingdom"
technical obstacle to this). Disney's stated intent was to protect the safety and privacy of its members, but this also prevented members from having a legitimate way of reaching each other outside the game. Members of some Disney internet discussion forums got around this by indicating in their in-game signature a discussion board through which they could be reached. On April 7, 2008, Disney announced that VMK would close on May 21, 2008, at 1:00 AM EST. Immediately after the press release, changes were made to prevent the creation of any new accounts. Online petitions were created to attempt to

"History of Dreamworld"
was removed in 2004. On 23 June 2006, the attraction had its soft opening which was attended by the attraction's designer Tom Lochtefeld as well as several surfers, snowboarders, wakeboarders and skateboarders. The following day, the FlowRider officially opened to the public. On 7 November 2006, the Eureka Mountain Mine Ride closed and has remained standing but not operating to this day. On 8 December 2006, WhiteWater World opened as a separate gated complex as Blue Lagoon's replacement. On 26 December 2006, Nightmares, a temporary scary experience, featuring two different sections: The Freezer and Angoscia. It operated through to 7

"Brenda's Got a Baby"
the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a 12-year-old girl getting pregnant by her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can. Parts of the video were included in """", a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of ""Ghetto Gospel"", in the music video of ""Changes"" and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, ""All Eyez on Me"", released on June 16, 2017. The video was directed by the

beginning of the song can be heard in The Game's song ""Street Riders"" 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called ""Mama's Just a Little Girl"". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album ""Better Dayz"". The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and ""Brenda"" and then the actual story starts. Ethel ""Edy"" Proctor portrays Brenda. The video begins with ""based on a true story,"" although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote

from the baby's father, the government, and society in general. Shakur wrote the song when he read a newspaper article about a 12-year-old girl who became pregnant from her cousin and threw the baby into a trash compactor. The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac. The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that she has had virtually no education, and calls this a ""damn shame"" because she has little hope of

Brenda's Got a Baby ""Brenda's Got a Baby"" is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur, and tenth track from his debut album, ""2Pacalypse Now"". The song, which features R&B singer Dave Hollister, is about a 12-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto and has a baby she can't support. The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families. Like many of Shakur's songs, ""Brenda's Got a Baby"" draws from the plight of the impoverished. Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general, Shakur criticises the low level of support

Hughes brothers. Brenda's Got a Baby ""Brenda's Got a Baby"" is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur, and tenth track from his debut album, ""2Pacalypse Now"". The song, which features R&B singer Dave Hollister, is about a 12-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto and has a baby she can't support. The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families. Like many of Shakur's songs, ""Brenda's Got a Baby"" draws from the plight of the impoverished. Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general, Shakur criticises the low level

"Baby (Brandy song)"
it and he was like “Man you’ve been sitting there holding that!”. Most of the background vocals and instruments were recorded in one of Crouch's bedrooms. Upon hearing the demo track, Norwood applauded the song for its ""flavor and soul"". During recording, she was reportedly inspired by idol Whitney Houston vocally, ""I wanted to be exactly like her musically!"". The accompanying music video was directed by Hype Williams and filmed in the middle of Times Square in New York City in December 1994. Choreography was handled by Fatima Robinson. The video portrays Norwood and her company dancing at ""The Great

"Kelly Rowland"
top-five single ""Can't Nobody"". Rowland transitioned into acting in 2002, playing the recurring role of Carly in the fourth season of UPN sitcom ""The Hughleys"". She continued her acting career the following year, with guest roles in UPN sitcom ""Eve"" as Cleo, and in NBC drama series ""American Dreams"" as Martha Reeves. In August 2003, Rowland made her big screen debut playing the supporting role of Kia Waterson alongside Robert Englund and Monica Keena in the slasher film, ""Freddy vs. Jason"", which grossed $114.5 million at the box office worldwide. In July 2005, Rowland starred opposite Duane Martin and Shemar

"Domonique Simone"
Domonique Simone Domonique Simone (born June 18, 1971 in Valdosta, Georgia) is an African-American adult actress. At the age of 17, Simone won a scholarship to the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising. At the age of 18, in 1989, she answered an ad for figure modeling and soon found herself shooting for pornographic magazines like ""Hustler"" and ""Players"". Simone is noted for being one of the top black starlets in the business, starring in more than 200 movies during the 1990s. She had large breast implants partway through her career. Her most recent film/video appearances were in ""My Baby

a future. Her family is very poor and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that her family wouldn't care if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance. Although she believes that her cousin (her baby's father) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth on the bathroom floor. She throws the baby into a trash bin

"Michelle Lombardo"
enjoys outdoor activities such as mountain biking, reading, snowboarding and swimming. Michelle Lombardo Michelle Helen Lombardo (born September 16, 1983) is an American model and actress. Lombardo gained fame with her appearances in the 2000s ""Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues."" She made her film debut in ""Dishdogz"" in 2005 and began acting on television in 2007 on ""Entourage"". She had a major role as Tyler Murphy in ""Girltrash!"" and appeared in the box-office hit ""Click"" (2006). She had small roles in the comedy action film ""Cat Run"" (2011) and drama film ""Redwood Highway"" (2013), and appeared in television series ""The Defenders"",

optical quality did not improve until the 1880s when he hired Otto Schott and eventually Ernst Abbe. Optical microscopes can focus on objects the size of a wavelength or larger, giving restrictions still to advancement in discoveries with objects smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. Later in the 1920s, the electron microscope was developed, making it possible to view objects that are smaller than optical wavelengths, once again, changing the possibilities in science. The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave

"Cell (biology)"
contain more than 10 trillion (10) cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under a microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells emerged on Earth at least

types), compared with 10–20 in plants, fungi, and protoctista. Cell theory In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells,

"Evolution of cells"
about the problem of cellular evolution."" (Carl Woese, 2002) Evolution of cells Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years ago. The origin of cells was the most important step in the evolutionary theory of life on Earth. The birth of the cell marked the passage from pre-biotic chemistry to partitioned units resembling modern cells. The final transition to living entities that fulfill all the definitions of modern cells depended on the ability to evolve effectively by natural selection. This transition has been called the Darwinian

is no longer accepted with modern cell theory. In 1839, Theodor Schwann states that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures. This was a major advancement in the field of biology since little was known about animal structure up to this point compared to plants. From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life Schleiden's theory of free cell formation through crystallization

"Disney's Art of Animation Resort"
Disney's Art of Animation Resort Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is located where construction on the unfinished half of Disney's Pop Century Resort was started but later abandoned after the September 11 attacks. The resort is the first to be built in the complex in over seven years and the fifth to be placed in the value-priced category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, the All-Star Music Resort, the All-Star Movies Resort, and Disney's Pop Century Resort. Family suites opened on May 31, 2012, and standard

rooms opened on September 15, 2012. Originally, the land the Art of Animation Resort occupies was planned to be part of Disney's Pop Century Resort as part of the ""Legendary Years"" section. Several buildings were constructed for these plans, some even to the point of adding decorative details. While one-half of Pop Century (the ""Classic Years"") opened in 2003, the other half was left abandoned following the tourism halt after the September 11 attacks on the United States. Disney started to prepare the land for the resort in January 2010, and construction began in the summer of that year. At

"The Magic of Disney Animation"
production area was dedicated and opened on April 22, 1998, the same day Disney's Animal Kingdom opened. Roy E. Disney noted it in his dedication speech. The Magic of Disney Animation The Magic of Disney Animation was a show and tour at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Florida. A Disney animator would show guests how the characters in Disney animated films were chosen and designed. The attraction closed permanently on July 12, 2015. In December 2015, the building began to be used to house the ""Star Wars"" Launch Bay. Originally, when the park first opened in 1989, the ""Feature Animation"" pavilion of

"Art of Disney Animation"
Art of Disney Animation Art of Disney Animation is an attraction at the Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, Disney's California Adventure in Disneyland Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In Walt Disney Studios Park, the attraction opened on March 16, 2002, along with the park, and is located in the Toon Studios Area (previously known as Animation Courtyard). Toon Studios is where the animated characters come alive - here guests learn about how Disney animated movies are created and can step into the imaginary worlds of animated features from Disney and Pixar. The Art

"Magic Kingdom"
Magic Kingdom Magic Kingdom is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division, the park opened on October 1, 1971, as the first of four theme parks at the resort. Initialized by Walt Disney and designed by WED Enterprises, its layout and attractions are based on Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, and is dedicated to fairy tales and Disney characters. The park is represented by Cinderella Castle, inspired by the fairy tale castle seen in the 1950

The Magic of Disney Animation The Magic of Disney Animation was a show and tour at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Florida. A Disney animator would show guests how the characters in Disney animated films were chosen and designed. The attraction closed permanently on July 12, 2015. In December 2015, the building began to be used to house the ""Star Wars"" Launch Bay. Originally, when the park first opened in 1989, the ""Feature Animation"" pavilion of ""The Magic of Disney Animation,"" designed originally by award-winning experience designer Bob Rogers and the design team BRC Imagination Arts, included four connected experiences which explored

"Walt Disney World"
the district was allowed to issue tax-exempt bonds for public projects within the district, despite the sole beneficiary being Walt Disney Productions. The district soon began construction of drainage canals, and Disney built the first roads and the Magic Kingdom. The Contemporary Resort Hotel and Polynesian Village were also completed in time for the park's opening on October 1, 1971. The Palm and Magnolia golf courses near Magic Kingdom had opened a few weeks before, while Fort Wilderness opened a month later. 24 days after the park opened, Roy O. Disney dedicated the property and declared that it would be

"Walt Disney Parks and Resorts"
January 2, 2001, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel on December 15, 2000, and Downtown Disney on January 12, 2001. Disneyland was rebranded Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the larger resort complex. The resort focuses on Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters and occupies . The Walt Disney World Resort opened October 1, 1971, in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, with the Magic Kingdom theme park and three resort hotels. It expanded with the opening of Epcot in 1982, Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon in 1989, Disney's Blizzard Beach in 1995, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998, Disney

"Disney Springs"
Disney Springs Disney Springs (previously known as Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village in 1975, Walt Disney World Village in 1977, Disney Village Marketplace in 1989, and Downtown Disney in 1997) is an outdoor shopping, dining, and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. The complex opened on March 22, 1975, and has been expanded and renamed at other times over the years, until 2013, when plans were announced for a three-year renovation and expansion of the complex, and on September 29, 2015, the name officially changed to Disney Springs. The complex includes four

"Disney California Adventure"
and shopping was the design focus. Construction of the park began on January 22, 1998. On Main Street, U.S.A., a DCA Preview Center opened in October 1998. The park's construction was accompanied by Downtown Disney and Disney's Grand Californian Hotel, in addition to renovations of the Disneyland Hotel and Disneyland Pacific Hotel. The park was expected to draw large crowds when it opened on February 8, 2001. There were four districts with 22 shows and attractions and 15 restaurants. On January 14, a ""Los Angeles Times"" article titled ""The most Jam-Packed Theme Park on Earth?"" stated, ""Senior Disney officials acknowledge

public ranges require that all firearms be unloaded prior to entering, or leaving, the range facility, irrespective of whether one holds a concealed carry license. The same is true for rental firearms leaving or returning to the rental counter, going to and from the shooting range. Whether indoors or outdoors, all shooters are required to wear safety glasses or goggles, although some ranges will allow impact-resistant corrective glasses as the only eye protection. Ear protection is mandatory either ear muffs or ear plugs, as long as one is within the defined boundaries of the range and the range is hot.

indoor ranges are now using lead-free and frangible ammunition to create a safer and healthier shooting experience for consumers. The maximum caliber size is sometimes posted on the door of the airlock on each particular range, or in the lobby or ready area if the facility only contains one range. Most indoor ranges restrict the use of certain magnum calibers, or the use of automatic weapons, primarily to prevent damage to the facilities. Other ranges do not have a caliber restriction, but instead limit projectiles to a certain muzzle velocity, often 2000 feet per second, or bullet construction. Nearly all

public ranges that do allow such shooting usually restrict the practice to designated persons, such as Law Enforcement, professional shooters, or others designated by range personnel. If one brings one's own firearms, ear and eye protection, it is often possible to buy a 50-round box of 9 mm ammunition and target, rent an indoor lane for an hour, and enjoy shooting for under $50 in the United States. Fees for outdoor ranges are often even less, often running $6.50 for 3 hours of range time. Along with a 500-round brick of .22 LR ammunition that often costs less than $60.00,

or private day care center, public or private child caring agency, or public or private child placing agency, sports arena or stadium, a tavern where the primary source of income is the sale of alcoholic liquor by the glass consumed on the premises, any property or facility owned or operated by a church, synagogue, mosque, temple, or other place of worship, unless the presiding official allows concealed weapons, an entertainment facility that the individual knows or should know has a seating capacity of 2,500 or more, a hospital, a dormitory or classroom of a community college, college, or university, and

"Gun law in the United States"
Gun law in the United States Gun laws in the United States are found in a number of state and federal statutes. These laws regulate the manufacture, trade, possession, transfer, record keeping, transport, and destruction of firearms, ammunition, and firearms accessories. They are enforced by state agencies and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). In addition to federal and state gun laws some local governments have their own laws that regulate firearms. The right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, mass shootings in the U.S.

"Shooting range"
and indoor ranges. While some ranges require that all firearms be unloaded and variously securely encased and/or trigger-locked prior to entering, or leaving, the range facility, irrespective of whether one holds a concealed carry license in jurisdictions where concealed carry is legal, many have no such regulations. Whether indoors or outdoors, all shooters are typically required to wear eye protection as well as hearing protection (ear muffs or ear plugs) at all times when within the defined boundaries of the range. employees and users are exposed to lead dust from bullets or cartridge primers, which can be inhaled or can

"Gun laws in Arizona"
states or for carrying firearms in certain regulated places. Requirements for issuance include taking a training class (provided by a licensed third party) or hunter education class, submitting a finger print card, and paying a $60 fee. Applicants must be at least 21 years of age. New permits are valid for five years. Renewing a permit requires an application and criminal background check. Arizona recognizes all valid out-of-state carry permits. The Arizona legislature has largely preempted political subdivisions (counties, cities) to choose what laws that they want. Political subdivisions may regulate the carrying of weapons by juveniles or by their

"Gun laws in the District of Columbia"
Gun laws in the District of Columbia Gun laws in the District of Columbia regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the U.S. federal district of District of Columbia. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> A License to Carry a Handgun is required to legally carry a concealed handgun in the District of Columbia. Licenses are issued to qualified applicants on a ""shall issue"" basis by the Metropolitan Police Department. Licenses are granted to residents and non-residents. Concealed carry licenses issued by other jurisdictions are not valid in D.C. A license to carry is required for possessing a loaded handgun

"Gun laws in Illinois"
Gun laws in Illinois Gun laws in Illinois regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Illinois in the United States. To legally possess firearms or ammunition, Illinois residents must have a Firearm Owners Identification (FOID) card, which is issued by the Illinois State Police to any qualified applicant. Non-residents who may legally possess firearms in their home state are exempt from this requirement. The state police issue licenses for the concealed carry of handguns to qualified applicants age 21 or older who pass a 16-hour training course. However, any law enforcement agency can

Hysteresis
but in sufficiently small magnets, it does not. In these single-domain magnets, the magnetization responds to a magnetic field by rotating. Single-domain magnets are used wherever a strong, stable magnetization is needed (for example, magnetic recording). Larger magnets are divided into regions called ""domains"". Across each domain, the magnetization does not vary; but between domains are relatively thin ""domain walls"" in which the direction of magnetization rotates from the direction of one domain to another. If the magnetic field changes, the walls move, changing the relative sizes of the domains. Because the domains are not magnetized in the same direction,

be observed when decreasing the angle of attack of a wing after stall, regarding the lift and drag coefficients. The angle of attack where the flow on top of the wing reattaches is generally lower than the angle of attack where the flow separates during the increase of the angle of attack. In the elastic hysteresis of rubber, the area in the centre of a hysteresis loop is the energy dissipated due to material internal friction. Elastic hysteresis was one of the first types of hysteresis to be examined. The effect can be demonstrated using a rubber band with weights

a function of Kelvin radius. An adsorption isotherm showing hysteresis is said to be of Type IV (for a wetting adsorbate) or Type V (for a non-wetting adsorbate), and hysteresis loops themselves are classified according to how symmetric the loop is. Adsorption hysteresis loops also have the unusual property that it is possible to scan within a hysteresis loop by reversing the direction of adsorption while on a point on the loop. The resulting scans are called ""crossing,"" ""converging,"" or ""returning,"" depending on the shape of the isotherm at this point. The relationship between matric water potential and water content

attached to it. If the top of a rubber band is hung on a hook and small weights are attached to the bottom of the band one at a time, it will get longer. As more weights are ""loaded"" onto it, the band will continue to extend because the force the weights are exerting on the band is increasing. When each weight is taken off, or ""unloaded"", the band will get shorter as the force is reduced. As the weights are taken off, each weight that produced a specific length as it was loaded onto the band now produces a

the magnetic moment per unit volume is smaller than it would be in a single-domain magnet; but domain walls involve rotation of only a small part of the magnetization, so it is much easier to change the magnetic moment. The magnetization can also change by addition or subtraction of domains (called ""nucleation"" and ""denucleation""). The most known empirical models in hysteresis are Preisach and Jiles-Atherton models. These models allow an accurate modeling of the hysteresis loop and are widely used in the industry. However, these models lose the connection with thermodynamics and the energy consistency is not ensured. Last models

"Magnetic hysteresis"
magnets, the magnetization responds to a magnetic field by rotating. Single-domain magnets are used wherever a strong, stable magnetization is needed (for example, magnetic recording). Larger magnets are divided into regions called ""domains"". Within each domain, the magnetization does not vary; but between domains are relatively thin ""domain walls"" in which the direction of magnetization rotates from the direction of one domain to another. If the magnetic field changes, the walls move, changing the relative sizes of the domains. Because the domains are not magnetized in the same direction, the magnetic moment per unit volume is smaller than it would

magnetization is not linear in such materials. If a magnet is demagnetized () and the relationship between and is plotted for increasing levels of field strength, follows the ""initial magnetization curve"". This curve increases rapidly at first and then approaches an asymptote called magnetic saturation. If the magnetic field is now reduced monotonically, follows a different curve. At zero field strength, the magnetization is offset from the origin by an amount called the remanence. If the relationship is plotted for all strengths of applied magnetic field the result is a hysteresis loop called the ""main loop"". The width of the

Hysteresivity
conforming to the structural damping law, the hysteresivity ""h"" is constant with or insensitive to changes in oscillatory frequency, and the loss modulus G” (= h G’) becomes a constant fraction of the elastic modulus. Hysteresivity Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an

more slowly; this is known as ""rate-dependent"" hysteresis. However, phenomena such as the magnetic hysteresis loops are mainly ""rate-independent"", which makes a durable memory possible. Systems with hysteresis are nonlinear, and can be mathematically challenging to model. Some models such as the Preisach model (originally applied to ferromagnetism) and the Bouc–Wen model attempt to capture general features of hysteresis; and there are also phenomenological models for particular phenomena such as the Jiles–Atherton model for ferromagnetism. The term ""hysteresis"" is derived from , an Ancient Greek word meaning ""deficiency"" or ""lagging behind"". It was coined around 1890 by Sir James Alfred

Hysteresivity Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an intensive property that is dimensionless. When a force deforms a material it generates elastic stresses and internal frictional stresses. Most often, frictional stress is described as being analogous to the stress that results from the

"Rachel Dratch"
surrounding the confirmation hearings of Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh. Both of Dratch’s parents were Reform Jews. Dratch attended Hebrew school and had a Bat Mitzvah. She is non-observant as an adult, and instead characterizes the faith she was born into as part of her cultural heritage. As she discusses in her book, ""Girl Walks Into a Bar ... "", Dratch met John Wahl, a Californian consultant in the natural foods industry, in a bar in 2009. Six months later, Dratch learned she was pregnant, and on August 24, 2010, gave birth to a boy, Eli Benjamin. In an October

"Rachel Green"
accidentally utters Rachel's name while exchanging their wedding vows. Ross ultimately divorces a jealous Emily, choosing his friendship with Rachel instead. At the end of season five, Ross and Rachel drunkenly get married while vacationing with their friends in Las Vegas. In season six, their annulment request is denied because of Rachel having leveled unfounded allegations against Ross, forcing the two to file for a divorce instead. In season seven, Ross and Rachel have sex, and Rachel gets pregnant. Rachel gives birth to a girl in season eight, naming the baby Emma Geller-Green; the name Emma is a gift from

"The One with the Embryos"
The One with the Embryos ""The One with the Embryos"" is the twelfth episode of ""Friends"" fourth season. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on January 15, 1998. In the episode, Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) agrees to be the surrogate mother for her brother Frank Jr. (Giovanni Ribisi) and his older wife Alice Knight (Debra Jo Rupp). Meanwhile, a display by Chandler (Matthew Perry) and Joey (Matt LeBlanc) of how well they know Monica (Courteney Cox) and Rachel (Jennifer Aniston) by guessing the items in their shopping bag leads to a large-scale bet on a quiz,

"Rachel Bradley"
Mike Bullen quipped at the time, ""We're looking at a number of ideas, including alien abduction"". Though heavily pregnant, Rachel's doctor advises her that it is safe to fly to Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) wedding in Series 4, Episode 8. On the day of the wedding ceremony, Rachel collapses outside the hotel, having gone into labour two months prematurely, and is rushed to hospital. She gives birth to a boy, whom she names Matthew Sydney Williams. At the beginning of Series 5, set three months after the birth, Rachel appears overprotective of Matthew; she

"The Last One (Friends)"
the fourth most watched overall television series finale in U.S. history as well as the most watched episode from any television series throughout the decade 2000s on U.S. television. In Canada, the finale aired simultaneously on May 6, 2004, on Global, and was viewed by 5.16 million viewers, becoming the highest viewed episode of the series, and also becoming the most viewed and highest-rated episode ever in Canada for a sitcom. The series finale closes several long-running storylines. Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) confesses his love for Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), and they decide to resume their relationship; and Monica Geller

"The One Where Rachel Smokes"
songs ""Never There"" by Cake and ""Jamming"" by Bob Marley can be heard playing at Rachel's birthday party. At Ben's audition, a copy of ""Variety"" magazine is seen being read by a child, whom Carol recognises. In its original airing, ""The One Where Rachel Smokes"" finished third in ratings for the week of April 5 – 11, 1999, with a Nielsen rating of 14.8, equivalent to approximately 14.4 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on NBC that week, after ""ER"" and ""Frasier"". The episode premiered in the United Kingdom on Sky1 on May 6, 1999 and attained

"Hallee Hirsh"
Hills apartment complex alongside other notable child stars such as Hilary Duff with her father, which she has referred to as ""an important part of her life"". She graduated magna cum laude from UCLA in 2011, majoring in anthropology and minoring in Chinese. Hirsh first portrayed Rachel Greene in the 2001-2002 season of ER in a storyline where a now teenage and rebellious Rachel leaves her mother in St. Louis to be with her father, Mark Greene, a role she played through the eighth season, when Mark dies and she returns home. Hirsh later reprised her role in 2004 in

"Rachel Berry"
quits the musical and rejoins the glee club when she realizes that she would rather be in a group in which she has friends. She has a brief relationship with another glee club member, Puck (Mark Salling), who is also Jewish, and is a football player who used to bully her, but she breaks up with him due to her continuing feelings for Finn. She later discovers and reveals to Finn that Quinn's pregnancy was not caused by him, but that Puck is the father; furious, Finn attacks Puck, breaks up with Quinn, and drops out of New Directions. He

"19 Kids and Counting"
Jill Duggar's courtship with Derick Dillard was announced on March 31, 2014. They were introduced by Jim Bob Duggar and became further acquainted via supervised Skype and text conversations while Dillard was serving as a missionary in Nepal. Jill Duggar and her father traveled to Nepal to meet Dillard in person and began a formal courtship in November 2013. The couple announced their engagement on April 9, 2014, and were married on June 21, 2014. The Dillards announced their first pregnancy on August 20, 2014. Their son, Israel David Dillard, was born on April 6, 2015. The Seewalds announced their

"Jordan Lloyd"
Los Angeles. A web show entitled ""Jeff and Jordan do America"", which documented their trip to Los Angeles, aired on CBS Interactive in July 2012. Lloyd became engaged to Schroeder in September 2014, after he proposed to her in the backyard of the ""Big Brother"" house while they were visiting the season 16 houseguests. Their intended wedding date was October 1, 2016. On April 6, 2016, the couple announced that they had quietly married in March 2016 and are expecting their first child, a boy, due in October 2016. On October 13, 2016, they welcomed their first son, Lawson Keith

"First Amendment to the United States Constitution"
First Amendment to the United States Constitution The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws which respect an establishment of religion, prohibit the free exercise of religion, or abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was originally proposed to assuage Anti-Federalist opposition to Constitutional ratification. Initially, the First Amendment applied

deprived or abridged of their right to speak, to write, or to publish their sentiments; and the freedom of the press, as one of the great bulwarks of liberty, shall be inviolable. The people shall not be restrained from peaceably assembling and consulting for their common good; nor from applying to the Legislature by petitions, or remonstrances, for redress of their grievances. This language was greatly condensed by Congress, and passed the House and Senate with almost no recorded debate, complicating future discussion of the Amendment's intent. The First Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was

of the First Amendment is that all persons have access to places where they can speak and listen, and then, after reflection, speak and listen once more."" The federal government and the states have long been permitted to limit obscenity or pornography. While the Supreme Court has generally refused to give obscenity any protection under the First Amendment, pornography is subject to little regulation. However, the definitions of obscenity and pornography have changed over time. In ""Rosen v. United States"" (1896), the Supreme Court adopted the same obscenity standard as had been articulated in a famous British case, ""Regina v.

their state conventions both ratify the Constitution and call for the addition of a bill of rights. The U.S. Constitution was eventually ratified by all thirteen states. In the 1st United States Congress, following the state legislatures' request, James Madison proposed twenty constitutional amendments, and his proposed draft of the First Amendment read as follows: The civil rights of none shall be abridged on account of religious belief or worship, nor shall any national religion be established, nor shall the full and equal rights of conscience be in any manner, or on any pretext, infringed. The people shall not be

property rights to exclude such individuals. However, the Court did maintain that shopping centers could impose ""reasonable restrictions on expressive activity"". Subsequently, New Jersey, Colorado, Massachusetts and Puerto Rico courts have adopted the doctrine; California's courts have repeatedly reaffirmed it. The free speech and free press clauses have been interpreted as providing the same protection to speakers as to writers, except for wireless broadcasting which has been given less constitutional protection. The Free Press Clause protects the right of individuals to express themselves through publication and dissemination of information, ideas and opinions without interference, constraint or prosecution by the government.

sense, but also, petitions on behalf of private interests seeking personal gain. The right not only protects demands for ""a redress of grievances"" but also demands for government action. The petition clause includes according to the Supreme Court the opportunity to institute non-frivolous lawsuits and mobilize popular support to change existing laws in a peaceful manner. In ""Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri"" (2011), the Supreme Court stated regarding the Free Speech Clause and the Petition Clause: The right of assembly was originally distinguished from the right to petition. In ""United States v. Cruikshank"" (1875), the Supreme Court held that the

only to laws enacted by the Congress, and many of its provisions were interpreted more narrowly than they are today. Beginning with ""Gitlow v. New York"" (1925), the Supreme Court applied the First Amendment to states—a process known as incorporation—through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In ""Everson v. Board of Education"" (1947), the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson's correspondence to call for ""a wall of separation between church and State"", though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute. Speech rights were expanded significantly in a series of 20th and 21st-century court decisions which protected various

v. United States"" (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint—pre-publication censorship—in almost all cases. The Petition Clause protects the right to petition all branches and agencies of government for action. In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause, the Court has also ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association. In 1776, the second year of the American Revolutionary War, the Virginia colonial legislature passed a Declaration of Rights that included the sentence ""The freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and can never be

that a claim for press privilege ""should be judged on its facts by the striking of a proper balance between freedom of the press and the obligation of all citizens to give relevant testimony with respect to criminal conduct. The balance of these vital constitutional and societal interests on a case-by-case basis accords with the tried and traditional way of adjudicating such questions."", has been frequently cited by lower courts since the decision. The Petition Clause protects the right ""to petition the government for a redress of grievances"". This includes the right to communicate with government officials, lobbying government officials

the executive) and to courts, the third branch of Government. Certainly the right to petition extends to all departments of the Government. The right of access to the courts is indeed but one aspect of the right of petition."" Today thus this right encompasses petitions to all three branches of the federal government—the Congress, the executive and the judiciary—and has been extended to the states through incorporation. According to the Supreme Court, ""redress of grievances"" is to be construed broadly: it includes not solely appeals by the public to the government for the redressing of a grievance in the traditional

"Territorial evolution of the United States"
Maine, Kentucky, Vermont, and West Virginia – have been created from land claimed by another state; all of the others were created from territories or directly from acquisitions. Four states – Louisiana, Missouri, Nevada, and Pennsylvania – have expanded significantly by acquiring additional federal territory after their initial admission to the Union. The last state of the contiguous United States, commonly called the ""lower 48,"" was admitted in 1912; the fiftieth and most recent state was admitted in 1959. The Banco Convention of 1905 between the United States and Mexico allowed, in the event of sudden changes in the course

"51st state"
congressional approval. American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands are also U.S. territories and could potentially become U.S. states someday. Before Alaska and Hawaii became states of the United States in 1959, the corresponding expression was ""the 49th state"". Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution authorizes Congress to admit new states into the United States (beyond the thirteen already in existence at the time the Constitution went into effect in 1788). Historically, most new states brought into being by Congress have been established from an organized incorporated territory, created

"U.S. state"
nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals. The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede (withdraw) from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court, in ""Texas v. White"", held that a

January 15, 2014, the United States House of Representatives approved $2.5 million in funding to hold a referendum. This referendum can be held at any time as there is no deadline by which the funds have to be used. The United States Senate then passed the bill which was signed into law on January 17, 2014, by Barack Obama, then President of the United States. The previous plebiscites provided voters with three options: statehood, free association, and independence. The Puerto Rican status referendum of 2017 originally offered only two options: Statehood and Independence/Free Association, however a ""current territorial status"" was

Regional Seminar in May 2016. ""We are hopeful that this might indicate a shift in [United States] policy to its Non-Self-Governing Territories such as Guam, where they will be more willing to engage in discussions about our future and offer true support to help push us towards true self-governances and self-determination."" The U.S. Virgin Islands explored the possibility of statehood in 1984, and American Samoa explored the possibility of statehood in 2005 and 2017. Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of ""The Federalist Papers"", James Madison considered the implications of the definition

(different from the current status) was held on November 6, 2012. Sixty one percent (61%) of voters chose the statehood option, while one third of the ballots were submitted blank. On December 11, 2012, the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico enacted a concurrent resolution requesting the President and the Congress of the United States to respond to the referendum of the people of Puerto Rico, held on November 6, 2012, to end its current form of territorial status and to begin the process to admit Puerto Rico as a State. Another status referendum was held on June 11, 2017, in

Mexico disappeared after this time. In 1848 a bill was debated in congress that would have annexed the Republic of Yucatán, but a vote failed to take place. Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras with the formerly British-ruled Bay Islands, Nicaragua, Panama which had the U.S.-ruled Canal Zone territory from 1903 to 1979, and

"Admission to the Union"
part of New York and was not admitted until New York consented); two large additions to Nevada, which became a state in 1864, were made in 1866 and 1867. However, there have been numerous minor adjustments to state boundaries over the years due to improved surveys, resolution of ambiguous or disputed boundary definitions, or minor mutually agreed boundary adjustments for administrative convenience or other purposes. One notable example is the case ""New Jersey v. New York"", in which New Jersey won roughly 90% of Ellis Island from New York in 1998. In addition to the original 13, six subsequent states

"State-recognized tribes in the United States"
represent Native American citizens in the state. At that time, it recognized seven tribes that did not have federal recognition. The commission members, representatives of the tribes, have created rules for tribal recognition, which were last updated in 2003, under which three more tribes have been recognized. In 2007, the state legislature formally recognized as American Indian tribes of Georgia the following: On January 9, 2012, for the first time the state recognized two American Indian tribes under a process developed by the General Assembly; these were both Piscataway groups, historically part of the large Algonquian languages family along the

tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast. ""Time"" columnist Mark Thompson suggested that Haiti had effectively become the 51st state after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, with the widespread destruction prompting a quick and extensive response from the United States, even so far as the stationing of the U.S. military in Haitian air and sea ports to facilitate foreign aid. The idea of admission to the United States was discussed among some netizens alongside proposals of becoming independent (within or outside the Commonwealth, as a republic or a Commonwealth realm), rejoining the Commonwealth, confederation with Canada as the eleventh

"God bless you"
God bless you God bless you (""variants include"" God bless or bless you) is a common English expression, used to wish a person blessings in various situations, especially as a response to a sneeze, and also, when parting or writing a valediction. The phrase has been used in the Hebrew Bible by Jews (cf. ), and by Christians, since the time of the early Church as a benediction, as well as a means of bidding a person Godspeed. Many clergy, when blessing their congregants individually or as a group, use the phrase ""God bless you"". ""National Geographic"" reports that during

Anglicism
Anglicism is unavoidable, it is often written in italics or in quotations. There are a number of different varieties of anglicisms which are largely differentiated on the way in which they entered the language. One type of anglicism is a calque, or a direct translation from English. For example, the valediction ""Sincèrement vôtre"" is regarded as an anglicism since it is a direct translation of the English ""Sincerely yours."" Other anglicisms include the wholesale adoption of the English term such as ""business"" or ""start-up"". Additionally, some English words in French may not have the same meaning as those words in

Salutation
be ""Maître"" (""Master""). The same salutation is used for famous writers, painters, and for members of the Académie française. For some specific professions (lawyers, physicians, for instance), two persons exercising the same such profession will always use ""Cher Confrère"" (feminine: ""Chère Consœur""). The address may vary when writing to dignitaries. For instance, one will use: German has two types of general salutations that are mutually distinguishable from one another - a formal and an informal form. The formal form distinguishes between the male or female gender of the recipient as a matter of courtesy. The male formal salutation begins with

address: If the recipient is a doctor, it is possible to use ""Docteur,"" or, more formally, ""Monsieur/Madame le Docteur,"" or, more casually, ""Cher Docteur"", as salutation. This is often done for doctors of medicine. For other doctors, it is not common, even if the use is increasing, following the Anglo-Saxon custom. Basically one has to be consistent with the address: a letter sent to ""Dr N. N."" will use a salutation formula including ""Docteur"", whereas a letter sent to ""M./Mme N. N."" will not. If the recipient is a lawyer, notary (or various other legal positions), the proper salutation will

the gods to make her statement come true. It was a blessing from the gods, connecting the sneeze to the ""God Bless You."" God bless you God bless you (""variants include"" God bless or bless you) is a common English expression, used to wish a person blessings in various situations, especially as a response to a sneeze, and also, when parting or writing a valediction. The phrase has been used in the Hebrew Bible by Jews (cf. ), and by Christians, since the time of the early Church as a benediction, as well as a means of bidding a person

Valediction
the occasion, different degrees of formality are adequate, ranging from highly formal (e.g. solemn occasions) to totally informal (e.g. a conversation among friends). Some formal valedictions can be used at different formality degrees, but almost never in informal situations. Valediction A valediction (derivation from Latin ""vale dicere"", ""to say farewell""), or complimentary close in American English, is an expression used to say farewell, especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message, or the act of saying parting words whether brief or extensive. Its greeting counterpart is called a salutation. The term is also used to refer

Benediction
Benediction A benediction (Latin: ""bene"", well + ""dicere"", to speak) is a short invocation for divine help, blessing and guidance, usually at the end of worship service. It can also refer to a specific Christian religious service including the exposition of the eucharistic host in the monstrance and the blessing of the people with it. From the earliest church, Christians adopted ceremonial benedictions into their liturgical worship, particularly at the end of a service. Such benedictions have been regularly practiced both in the Christian East and West. Among the benedictions of the Roman Catholic Church, include the Apostolic Benediction made

Euphemism
may be imported for use as a replacement for an offensive word. For example, the French word ""enceinte"" was sometimes used instead of the English word ""pregnant"". This practice of word substitution became so frequent that the expression """"pardon my French"""" was adopted in attempts to excuse the use of profanity. Euphemisms may be formed in a number of ways. Periphrasis, or circumlocution, is one of the most common: to ""speak around"" a given word, implying it without saying it. Over time, circumlocutions become recognized as established euphemisms for particular words or ideas. To alter the pronunciation or spelling of

"Paschal greeting"
a triple kiss of peace on the alternating cheeks after the greeting. Similar responses are also used in the liturgies of other Christian churches, but not so much as general greetings. Tiếng Việt - Chúa Ki-tô đã sống lại! Ngài đã sống lại thật! Basque – Cristo Berbiztua! Benetan Berbiztua! Japanese – ハリストス復活！実に復活！ (Harisutosu fukkatsu! Jitsu ni fukkatsu!). Korean – 그리스도 부활하셨네! 참으로 부활하셨네! (Geuriseudo Buhwalhasheotne! Chameuro Buhwalhasheotne!) Paschal greeting The Paschal Greeting, also known as the Easter Acclamation, is an Easter custom among Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Catholic, and Anglican Christians. It is also found among some Christians

A salutation using ""Chère/Cher"" and a title (""Madame/Monsieur/Docteur"") followed by a person's name (e.g. ""Cher Monsieur Dupuis"") used to be considered incorrect. However, maybe following English usage, such a construction is now rather common and deemed relatively formal. In case the author and the recipients are close friends or intimates, one may use the given name of the recipient immediately after ""Cher/Chère"". In case they are family, they may use their familial link preceded by ""Cher/Chère"". This is almost compulsory if the author is a younger member of the family (child to parent, nephew to aunt/uncle, grandchild to grandparent, godchild

"Minister of Finance (India)"
the Minister of State for Finance and the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of Finance. The first Finance Minister of independent India was R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, who also presented its first Budget. The incumbent Arun Jaitley, of the Bharatiya Janata Party, has held office since 26 May 2014. , Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest followed by P Chidambaram's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee's 8. Yashwant Sinha, Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets. As of February 2018, four Finance Ministers have gone on to

"Finance Secretary"
Finance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services and Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (formerly known as Department of Disinvestment). Each of the departments is headed by a secretary. Each of the five secretaries directly reports to the finance minister. The ""Finance Secretary""

by ""One rupee"" So, the Government of India has the power to mint/print 1 Rupee coin/note which are an asset and define the unit of currency. RBI notes get the value from the asset known as 'Rupee'. Finance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services

"Ministry of Finance (India)"
Affairs, Ministry of Finance, was an inter-ministerial body, responsible for processing of FDI proposals and making recommendations for Government approval. FIPB is now abolished as announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during 2017-2018 budget speech in Lok Sabha. Subhash Chandra Garg is the current secretary of this Department. The Department of Expenditure is the nodal Department for overseeing the public financial management system (PFMS) in the Central Government and matters connected with the finances. The principal activities of the Department include pre-sanction appraisal of major schemes/projects (both Plan and non-Plan expenditure), handling the bulk of the Central budgetary resources transferred

Ministry of Finance (India) The Ministry of Finance is an important ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Indian Treasury Department. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget. The Ministry of Finance is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Economic Service, Indian Cost Accounts Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. Arun jaitley is the Finance Minister of India. R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was the first Finance Minister of independent India. He presented the first

of Revenue Act, 1963. At present, the CBDT has six Members and the CBEC has five Members. The Members are also ""ex officio"" Secretaries to the Government of India. Members of CBDT are as follows: Dr. Hasmukh Adhia is the current secretary of this department. The Department of Financial Services covers Banks, Insurance and Financial Services provided by various government agencies and private corporations. It also covers pension reforms and Industrial Finance and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise. It started the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. PFRDA, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) is a statutory body which also

works under this department. Rajiv Kumar is the current secretary of this department. The Department of Disinvestment has been renamed as Department of Investment and Public Asset Management or 'DIPAM', a decision aimed at proper management of Centre's investments in equity including its disinvestment in central public sector undertakings. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had announced renaming of the Department of Disinvestment in his budget speech for 2016-17. Initially set up as an independent ministry (The Ministry of Disinvestment) in December 1999, the Department of Disinvestments came into existence in May 2004 when the ministry was turned into a department of

negotiations leading to the establishment of the World Trade Organization. Pranab Mukherjee's first stint as the Finance minister of India was during the Indira Gandhi government in 1982. He presented his first annual budget in 1982–83. Mukherjee's first term was noted for his work in improving the finances of the government and for successfully returning the last instalment of India's first IMF loan. Mukherjee signed the letter appointing Manmohan Singh as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1982. Mukherjee was accused of patronage practices in the Ambani–Wadia industrial feuds. Mukherjee was credited with being an early reformer

"Finance Commission"
by the Central Government. So far 14 Finance Commissions have been appointed which are as follows: Major Recommendations of 14th Finance Commission headed by Prof. Y V Reddy The Fifteenth Finance Commission was constituted by the Government of India, after the approval from the President of India, through a notification in the Gazette of India in November 2017. Nand Kishore Singh was appointed as the commission's chairman, with its full-time members being Shaktikanta Das and Anoop Singh and its part-time members being Ramesh Chand and Ashok Lahiri. The commission was set up to give recommendations for five years commencing on

"Anirudh Chaudhry"
several controversies. One of those revolved around spendings in maintaining his three offices, which was raised in 2014. The subject of BCCI's and Chaudhry's spending was raised again in 2017. A second controversy was around the implementation of recommendation by a panel headed by Rajendra Mal Lodha, a subject which was placed before the Supreme Court of India. In July 2017 Chaudhry was accused by the Committee of Administrators (CoA) that he ""lacks courage to implement Lodha reforms"". In September 2017 he was one of the three senior BCCI officials which were reprimanded by the Supreme Court for their ""obstinate

"Angel of the Morning"
in the second-season finale of the HBO series ""The Leftovers."" The song also features a parody version in ""Family Guy"" with Peter Griffin portraying himself as Deadpool. Angel of the Morning ""Angel of the Morning"" is a popular song, written and composed by Chip Taylor, that has been recorded numerous times by, or has been a hit single for, various artists including Evie Sands, Merrilee Rush, Juice Newton, Nina Simone, P. P. Arnold, Olivia Newton-John, The Pretenders/Chrissie Hynde, Dusty Springfield, Mary Mason, Melba Montgomery, Vagiant, Billie Davis, Bonnie Tyler, Rita Wilson, The New Seekers, Skeeter Davis, and Crystal Gayle. The

"Angel of Death (Thin Lizzy song)"
Angel of Death (Thin Lizzy song) ""Angel of Death"" is a song by rock band Thin Lizzy featured on their Renegade album, released as a single in the United States. The tune peaked at No. 38 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song was a collaboration between band leader Phil Lynott and Darren Wharton who had joined the band as a keyboard player in 1980. ""Angel of Death"" was premiered live in August 1981 when its lyrics were rather different from the later released versions. The opening number of Thin Lizzy's live set during the ""Renegade"" world tour of 1981/2

"Angel (Sarah McLachlan song)"
11 attacks. Musician Darryl McDaniels, otherwise known as D.M.C. of the hip-hop band Run-D.M.C., has said that the song saved his life. The song has a sparse arrangement — mostly McLachlan at the piano, with subtle upright bass played by Jim Creeggan of Barenaked Ladies. It was recorded in the key of D-flat major. For live performances, it is transposed up one half-step to D major, the key it was originally written in, and played without the bass. A remix of the track by Dusted appears on McLachlan's 2001 album ""Remixed"". A live version with Emmylou Harris appears on a

melody, but with different words, for the sung refrain. It reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending March 31, 2001. Swedish singer Jill Johnson released ""Angel of the Morning,"" with lyrics in English, in 2007 from her album of cover versions, ""Music Row."" This version peaked at No. 30 at the Swedish singles chart. A number of non-English versions of ""Angel of the Morning"" have been recorded including the following: Juice Newton's version is heard during Drew Barrymore's first scene in the film ""Charlie's Angels,"" in the film ""Charlie Wilson's War"" (in which it is also

sung by Emily Blunt), the opening titles of ""Deadpool,"" and the ending of ""The Meddler."" It is also featured in Season 1 of HBO's ""True Detective."" The Toyota Highlander ""Kid Cave"" commercial, aired from late 2010, features a young boy who is embarrassed by his parents's singing of the song while he is riding with them in a car. The song features in an episode of ABC's sitcom ""Modern Family"", ""Regrets Only"" (Series/Season 2, Ep 16), when Gloria, portrayed by Sofia Vergara, is singing along to it on a karaoke machine. A karaoke version of the song is also featured

Angel of the Morning ""Angel of the Morning"" is a popular song, written and composed by Chip Taylor, that has been recorded numerous times by, or has been a hit single for, various artists including Evie Sands, Merrilee Rush, Juice Newton, Nina Simone, P. P. Arnold, Olivia Newton-John, The Pretenders/Chrissie Hynde, Dusty Springfield, Mary Mason, Melba Montgomery, Vagiant, Billie Davis, Bonnie Tyler, Rita Wilson, The New Seekers, Skeeter Davis, and Crystal Gayle. The song was composed in 1966 by Chip Taylor:()""I wrote 'Angel of the Morning' after hearing the Rolling Stones' song 'Ruby Tuesday' on the car radio [while] driving

"Angel Clare"
start of the guitar solo. ""Down in the Willow Garden,"" the second track, was a country classic popularised by singer-songwriter Charlie Monroe, about a young man who kills his lover in the town's willow garden, and the events that follow, from his attempts to hide the body to his father's hypocritical advice and, finally, his own demise. Paul Simon sang harmony on the final verse and chorus with Garfunkel, along with Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead playing lead guitar (overdubbed later by Roy Halee in San Francisco). Garfunkel went on to say it was one of his favourite country

"Merrilee Rush"
Merrilee Rush Merrilee Rush (born Merrilee Gunst January 26, 1944) is an American singer, best known for her recording of the song ""Angel of the Morning"", a Top 10 hit which earned her a Grammy nomination for female vocalist of the year in 1968. Rush was born in Seattle, Washington. She grew up in Seattle's North End, and studied classical piano from a young age. In 1960, she auditioned and became the singer for the Amazing Aztecs, a Seattle-area rock & roll band led by saxophone player Neil Rush, whom she would later marry. The two went on to form

song were made in 1967 by Danny Michaels for Lee Hazlewood's LHI label and by UK vocalist Billie Davis. The song finally became a hit in 1968 through a recording by Merrilee Rush, made that January at American Sound Studios in Memphis, with Chips Moman and Tommy Cogbill producing. Rush had come to Memphis through the group she fronted, the Turnabouts, being the opening act for a Paul Revere and the Raiders tour. While in Memphis, the Raiders recorded the album ""Going to Memphis"" at American Sound Studios, an association which led to Rush's discovery by Tommy Cogbill, who had

the name of a character in Thomas Hardy's novel, ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"". ""Traveling Boy"" was the third single of the album and the opening track. Written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols, the song describes the story of a young man heading for the road, leaving a lover behind. The opening tack piano riff was made by Larry Knechtel, with J.J. Cale performing the guitar solo. Garfunkel took three takes on the vocal, with the first two failing because he couldn't keep his voice loud enough during the first middle eight. Sally Stevens performs the soprano note at the

"Left, Right & Center"
KCRW in Santa Monica, California by Laura Dine Million, although hosts typically contribute over ISDN telephone lines from wherever they happen to be. After covering the week's events and speaking to invited guests about other topics of interest, each host gets a short period of time to ""rant"" about whatever they like without fear of rebuttal. Effective with the broadcast of Friday, July 7, 2017, the show expanded from a half-hour to a full hour. Coincident with that expansion, the show's long-time theme music - ""Let's Call the Whole Thing Off"", sung by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong - was

"The Last Podcast on the Left"
The Last Podcast on the Left The Last Podcast on the Left is a weekly podcast featuring comedian and podcast host Ben Kissel, podcast producer and researcher Marcus Parks, and comedian and actor Henry Zebrowski (who joined in the third episode), all of whom are longtime friends. Released each Friday, the episodes are generally one hour in length, with the hosts exploring the horrors of the world both imagined and real. Previous episodes have explored the topics of serial killers, conspiracy theories, UFO sightings, ghosts, and readings of fan-submitted creepypastas. Kissel, Parks, and Zebrowski tour with live performances of the

Leftfoot
Watkiss, Keb Darge, Roots Manuva, Bonobo and Ninja Tune records. Leftfoot Leftfoot is a musical event. It started life in Birmingham's Medicine Bar and the Bulls Head Public House in the suburb of Moseley in the late 1990s. Primarily an acid jazz night, many other major music styles such as hip hop, funk and dub are included. The residents and organisers are DJ Dick (originally from the Rum Runner nightclub and Rockers Hi-Fi) and Adam Regan. Leftfoot has featured on BBC Radio 1 several times and at other events such as the Cheltenham International Jazz Festival. Acts that have performed

"SIRIUS Left"
SIRIUS Left did not join the XM lineup. Instead, both channels were added to the online streaming services, and were accessible to online subscribers of both services including the iPhone and BlackBerry apps. The two channels merged to become Sirius XM Left May 4, 2011. And that channel was renamed SiriusXM Progress on July 23, 2014. Thom Hartmann and Mark Thompson can still be heard on the channel, along with Stephanie Miller, Michelangelo Signorile and Ari Rabin Havt. Political analyst Andy Ostroy has criticized Sirius Left and liberal talk radio in general in ""The Huffington Post"". Ostroy disliked Sirius Left's

Leftfoot
Leftfoot Leftfoot is a musical event. It started life in Birmingham's Medicine Bar and the Bulls Head Public House in the suburb of Moseley in the late 1990s. Primarily an acid jazz night, many other major music styles such as hip hop, funk and dub are included. The residents and organisers are DJ Dick (originally from the Rum Runner nightclub and Rockers Hi-Fi) and Adam Regan. Leftfoot has featured on BBC Radio 1 several times and at other events such as the Cheltenham International Jazz Festival. Acts that have performed for Leftfoot include Gilles Peterson, Mr Scruff, DJ Patife, Cleveland

"Left of Center (Sirius)"
Left of Center (Sirius) Left of Center was a College rock/Indie rock radio station on Sirius Satellite Radio channel 26 and Dish Network channel 6026. It was replaced by Sirius XMU as part of the Sirius/XM merger of channels on November 12, 2008. Artists featured on the station included The Shins, Death Cab for Cutie, Arcade Fire, Bloc Party, The White Stripes and Sonic Youth. Its morning timeslot consisted of a music show hosted by Jake Fogelnest of ""SQUiRT TV"" and VH1's ""I Love The..."" series fame. Other prominent DJs with shows on the channel included Matt Pinfield and Liquid

"Left Foot Forward"
Left Foot Forward Left Foot Forward (LFF) is a left wing political blog in the UK, established in 2009. Its creator, Will Straw, the son of Alice Perkins and Jack Straw, edited the newspaper until December 2010. Straw was succeeded by Shamik Das, who was succeeded in February 2013 by James Bloodworth, then in February 2016 by Niamh Ní Mhaoileoin. In June 2017, Josiah Mortimer took over as Editor. The site is part of a cohort of British left-wing blogs which attracted interest from the media in 2010 and 2011. In 2014 the charity Oxfam cancelled an event at the

Todd. A program entitled ""Left of Sessions"" featured indie rock bands performing live in a concert setting. The station also featured ""Blog Radio,"" a rotating cast of six prominent alternative music bloggers who hosted their own radio show one day a week, Monday through Saturday. Left of Center (Sirius) Left of Center was a College rock/Indie rock radio station on Sirius Satellite Radio channel 26 and Dish Network channel 6026. It was replaced by Sirius XMU as part of the Sirius/XM merger of channels on November 12, 2008. Artists featured on the station included The Shins, Death Cab for Cutie,

"Rachel Maddow"
the show in 2004 to join the new Air America. There she hosted ""Unfiltered"" along with Chuck D (of the hip hop group Public Enemy) and Lizz Winstead (co-creator of ""The Daily Show"") until its cancellation in March 2005. Two weeks after the cancellation of ""Unfiltered"" in April 2005, Maddow's weekday two-hour radio program, ""The Rachel Maddow Show"", began airing; in March 2008 it gained an hour, broadcasting from 6 to 9 p.m. EST, with David Bender filling in the third hour for the call-in section, when Maddow was on TV assignment. In 2008, the show's length returned to two

"American Left"
of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist). It has been involved in a number of events, such as a 2013 protest against the Golden Dawn in Chicago, a 2014 meeting on the Ukraine and a protest against Donald Trump at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Its current organ, ""The Red Phoenix"", carries articles concerning contemporary political issues and theoretical and historical questions. The Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO) was founded in 1985 through the mergers of Maoist and Marxist–Leninist organizations active near the end of the New Communist Movement. The FRSO grew out of an initial merger of the Proletarian Unity League and

"200 metres at the Olympics"
of Australia, wore a badge for the Olympic Project for Human Rights in solidarity. In addition to the main 1900 Olympic men's 200 metres, a 220-yard dash handicap race was also held. The winner was J. McGann for the United States, who ran an estimated 22.8 seconds with a ten-yard start. Frank Lukeman of Canada was second, also with a ten-yard handicap, and American C. Turner was third with a two-yard handicap. This event is no longer considered part of the official Olympic history of the 200 metres or the athletics programme in general. Consequently, medals from this competition have

200 metres at the Olympics The 200 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the second edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 200 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 and the women's 200 m has been held continuously since its introduction at the 1948 Games. It is the most prestigious 200 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three or four qualifying rounds leading to a final race between eight athletes. The Olympic records for the distance are 19.30 seconds for men, set by Usain Bolt in 2008, and

"Leonidas of Rhodes"
Leonidas of Rhodes Leonidas of Rhodes (; born ) was one of the most famous ancient Olympic runners. For four consecutive Olympiads (164-152 BCE), he was champion of three foot races. He was hailed with the title ""Triastes"" (tripler). Leonidas is acclaimed by some to be the greatest sprinter of all time. Competing in the Olympic Games of the 154th Olympiad in , the last of the ""golden age"" of the ancient Games, Leonidas captured the crown in three separate foot races — the ""stadion"", the ""diaulos"", and the ""hoplitodromos"". He repeated this feat in the next three subsequent Olympics,

and 4×100 metres relay as well. The United States has had by far the most success in the event, having 23 gold medals and 57 medals in total. American men have completed a medal sweep on six occasions. Jamaica is the next most successful, with five gold among their seventeen medals, and became the second nation to sweep the men's medals in 2012. The 1968 medal podium ceremony for the men's 200 metres witnessed a prominent political protest in the form of a Black Power salute by the African-American medalists Tommie Smith and John Carlos. The third medalist, Peter Norman

not been assigned to nations on the all-time medal tables. 200 metres at the Olympics The 200 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the second edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 200 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 and the women's 200 m has been held continuously since its introduction at the 1948 Games. It is the most prestigious 200 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three or four qualifying rounds leading to a final race between eight athletes. The Olympic records for the distance are 19.30

that after Heracles completed his twelve labours, he built the Olympic Stadium as an honour to Zeus. Following its completion, he walked in a straight line for 200 steps and called this distance a ""stadion"" (, Latin: ""stadium"", ""stage""), which later became a unit of distance. The most widely accepted inception date for the Ancient Olympics is 776 BC; this is based on inscriptions, found at Olympia, listing the winners of a footrace held every four years starting in 776 BC. The Ancient Games featured running events, a pentathlon (consisting of a jumping event, discus and javelin throws, a foot

"Ancient Olympic Games"
events were performed primarily derives from the paintings of athletes found on many vases, particularly those of the Archaic and Classical periods. The only event recorded at the first thirteen games was the ""stade"", a straight-line sprint of just over 192 metres. The ""diaulos"" (lit. ""double pipe""), or two-stade race, is recorded as being introduced at the 14th Olympiad in 724 BC. It is thought that competitors ran in lanes marked out with lime or gypsum for the length of a stade then turned around separate posts (""kampteres""), before returning to the start line. Xenophanes wrote that ""Victory by speed

"Stadion (running race)"
to it having a set of double grooves ( apart) in which the runner placed his toes. The design of these grooves were intended to give the runner leverage for his start. The winner of the ""stadion"" in the first Olympic Games was Coroebus of Elis. The race gave its name to the unit of length, the Stadion. Stadion (running race) Stadion or stade () was an ancient running event, part of the Ancient Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was one of the five major Pentathlon events. It was the premier event of the ""gymnikos agon"" (γυμνικὸς

"Archie Hahn"
Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1984 and the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1991. Archie Hahn Charles Archibald Hahn (September 14, 1880 – January 21, 1955) was an American track athlete and one of the best sprinters in the early 20th century.He is the first athlete to win both 100m and 200m race at the same Olympic. Having won sprint events at the 1903 American and Canadian championships, Hahn—born in Dodgeville, Wisconsin, but running for the University of Michigan—was among the favorites at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, which was poorly attended by European athletes. In

of (mid-summer) 765 BC for the first year of the first Olympiad. Nevertheless, there is disagreement among scholars as to when the games began. The only competition held then was, according to the later Greek traveller Pausanias who wrote in AD175, the ""stadion"" race, a race over about , measured after the feet of Hercules. The word ""stadium"" is derived from this foot race. The Greek tradition of athletic nudity (gymnos) was introduced in 720 BC, either by the Spartans or by the Megarian Orsippus, and this was adopted early in the Olympics as well. Several groups fought over control

"Five-spice powder"
seasoned salt can be easily made by dry-roasting common salt with five-spice powder under low heat in a dry pan until the spice and salt are well mixed. Five-spice powder Five-spice powder is a spice mixture of five or more spices used predominantly in Chinese and Taiwanese cuisine and also used less commonly in other Asian and Arabic cuisines. Five-spice powder is used for cocktails as well. While there are many variants, a common mix is: Other recipes may contain anise seed, ginger root, nutmeg, turmeric, ""Amomum villosum"" pods (砂仁), ""Amomum cardamomum"" pods (白豆蔻), licorice, Mandarin orange peel or galangal.

Five-spice powder Five-spice powder is a spice mixture of five or more spices used predominantly in Chinese and Taiwanese cuisine and also used less commonly in other Asian and Arabic cuisines. Five-spice powder is used for cocktails as well. While there are many variants, a common mix is: Other recipes may contain anise seed, ginger root, nutmeg, turmeric, ""Amomum villosum"" pods (砂仁), ""Amomum cardamomum"" pods (白豆蔻), licorice, Mandarin orange peel or galangal. In Southern China, ""Cinnamomum loureiroi"" and Mandarin orange peel are commonly used as substitutes for ""Cinnamomum cassia"" and cloves respectively, producing a slightly different flavour profile for southern

five-spice powders. Five spice may be used with fatty meats such as pork, duck or goose. It is used as a spice rub for chicken, duck, pork and seafood, in red cooking recipes, or added to the breading for fried foods. Five spice is used in recipes for Cantonese roasted duck, as well as beef stew. It is used as a marinade for Vietnamese broiled chicken. The five-spice powder mixture has followed the Chinese diaspora and has been incorporated into other national cuisines throughout Asia. In Hawaii, some restaurants place a shaker of the spice on each patron's table. A

"Five Grains"
as in the Min Nan custom of creating a Taoist stove to cook ""Chui Zhao Fan"", a meal for the Kitchen God in which five dry seeds are placed into a slot in the chimney of the stove. Casual worshippers may simply use any five beans (e.g., of different colors) instead of any particular set of grains. Chinese cuisine is not known for any single recipe using all five grains, so there is no grain equivalent of five-spice powder or ""eight treasure rice"" (八寶飯, ""babaofan""). Many, perhaps most, Chinese cooking employs the grains in some fashion, though: rice, congee, noodles,

spring rolls, breads, tofu, wontons and other dumplings as dishes; sweet bean paste as fillings; glutinous rice as a wrapping, for example in zongzis; rice and soy milks and beverages; soy sauces and sesame oils; and fermentation starters for use in beers, rice wines, and native liquors like ""baijiu"". Some of the characteristics of the concept of ""wugu"" are granularity and diversity, as the images below may help to show: Five Grains The Five Grains or Cereals (Chinese: , , ""Wǔ Gǔ"") are a grouping (or set of groupings) of five farmed crops that were all important in ancient China.

"Po Chai Pills"
Po Chai Pills Po Chai Pills () is a traditional Chinese medicine product made from several herbs formed into tiny spherical pills about 4 mm in diameter resembling buckshot. It is used as a remedy for the relief of indigestion, heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea, and bloating. It can also be used as a hangover prevention remedy. Po Chai Pills were developed by Li Shiu Kei in Foshan, Guangdong, in 1896. Following the Chinese Civil War, the Li family fled to Hong Kong and reestablished their company, Li Chung Shing Tong. However, their mainland property was nationalized. As a result, there are

Jiuqu
Jiuqu Jiuqu (simplified Chinese: 酒曲; traditional Chinese: 酒麴; pinyin: Jiǔ qū) is a type of East Asian dried fermentation starter grown on a solid medium and used in the production of traditional Chinese alcoholic beverages. The Chinese character 麴 is romanised as ""qu"" in pinyin, ""chhu"" or ""chu"" in other transcription systems. The literal translation of ""jiuqu"" is ""liquor ferment"", although ""liquor mold"" or ""liquor starter"" are adequate descriptions. Jiuqu specifically refers to a type of ferment (qu 麴) used to manufacture alcoholic products (jiu 酒), such as huangjiu (cereal wines), baijiu (distilled spirits) and jiuniang (alcoholic rice porridge/pudding). There

"Sì miào wán"
or concentrated on the basis of laboratory tests done on each batch produced), the amount of the active chemicals received in one dose is unknown. Sì miào wán Sì miào wán () or the four marvels is a remedy used in Traditional Chinese medicine. It is available in powder and pill form. It contains, among other things, quercetin, berberine, and achyranthine. It contains the same ingredients as Sān miào wán (""Three marvel pills""), which are the bark of huáng bǎi (""yellow fir""), the root of cāng zhú (""[black] atractylodes""), and huái niú xī (the root of Achyranthes bidentata), plus the

northern Chinese dynasties during the historical period. There are various versions of which five crops (or even broad categories of crops) are meant by this list. The Five Grains traditionally date back to the ""Shennong Ben Cao Jing"", reputed to be a record of an oral tradition first delivered by Shennong himself. The Classic of Rites compiled by Confucius in the 6th and 5th centuries BC lists soybeans (豆), wheat (麦), broomcorn (黍), foxtail millet (稷), and hemp. Another version replaces hemp with rice (稻). The ""Hei'anzhuan"" cited above lists millet, rice, the adzuki bean, the soybean, barley, and wheat

Jiuqu
be known as; Koji in Japan, Nuruk in Korea, Murcha/Marcha in India and Nepal, Banh Men in Vietnam, Paeng in Laos, Loog Pang in Thailand, Mochi kouji in Myanmar, Mae Domba in Cambodia, Ragi in Indonesia and Malaysia and Bubod in the Philippines. The process of creating Qu for use in fermentation is believed to have originated in China some 3000–4000 years ago and has been introduced throughout the rest of Asia. Jiuqu is directly referenced in the Shangshu, one of the five ancient Confucian writings. In a chapter of the book from the Shang Dynasty (17th to 11th century

"Howard Caine"
Howard Caine Howard Caine (born Howard Cohen; January 2, 1926 – December 28, 1993) was an American character actor, probably best known as Gestapo Major, Wolfgang Hochstetter in the television series ""Hogan's Heroes"" (1965–71). He also played Lewis Morris of New York in the musical film ""1776"", and Everett Scovill, a thinly disguised portrait of Charles Manson's attorney Irving Kanarek, in the television movie, ""Helter Skelter"". Howard Caine was born on January 2, 1926, in Nashville, Tennessee, into a Jewish family. At the age of 13, Cohen moved with his family to New York City, where he began studying acting.

29 prominent banjo and fiddle contests in the southland for both Best Traditional Banjo and Traditional Singing. He was also a popular folk singer and appeared at a number of prominent folk clubs and folk festivals. Caine died of a heart attack on December 28, 1993, 5 days short of his 68th birthday. Howard Caine Howard Caine (born Howard Cohen; January 2, 1926 – December 28, 1993) was an American character actor, probably best known as Gestapo Major, Wolfgang Hochstetter in the television series ""Hogan's Heroes"" (1965–71). He also played Lewis Morris of New York in the musical film ""1776"",

"Leon Askin"
Leon Askin Leon Askin (; born Leon Aschkenasy, September 18, 1907 – June 3, 2005) was an Austrian actor best known for portraying the character ""General Burkhalter"" on the TV situation comedy ""Hogan's Heroes"". Askin was born into a Jewish family in Vienna, the son of Malvine (Susman) and Samuel Aschkenazy. According to his autobiography his first experience of showbusiness occurred when during World War I he recited a poem before Emperor Franz Joseph. Askin immigrated to the United States in 1940 and, served in World War II as a Staff Sergeant in the US Army Air Forces. After the

San Sebastian"" (1968), ""The Maltese Bippy"" (1969), ""Death Knocks Twice"" (1969), ""Hammersmith Is Out"" (1972), ""The World's Greatest Athlete"" (1973), ""Going Ape!"" (1981), and ""Frightmare"" (1983). In 1982 he had a brief appearance as a Moscow Anchorman in the film """". Askin died from natural causes in Vienna on June 3, 2005 at the age of 97 and is interred at Zentralfriedhof. Leon Askin Leon Askin (; born Leon Aschkenasy, September 18, 1907 – June 3, 2005) was an Austrian actor best known for portraying the character ""General Burkhalter"" on the TV situation comedy ""Hogan's Heroes"". Askin was born into

"Werner Klemperer"
Werner Klemperer Werner Klemperer (March 22, 1920 – December 6, 2000) was a German-American stage, film, and television actor and singer/musician. Born in Cologne, Rhine Province, Germany, Klemperer and his family fled Germany in 1935. After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he began his professional acting career on the Broadway stage in 1947. Klemperer appeared in several films and numerous guest starring roles during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1965, he won the role of Colonel Wilhelm Klink on the CBS television sitcom ""Hogan's Heroes"". The series aired for six seasons with Klemperer receiving a

"John Banner"
Europe, while visiting friends in Vienna, John Banner died on his 63rd birthday, following an abdominal hemorrhage. He was survived by his wife Christine. Notes John Banner John Banner (born Johann Banner, 28 January 1910 – 28 January 1973) was an Austrian-born American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Master Sergeant Schultz in the situation comedy ""Hogan's Heroes"" (1965–1971). Schultz, constantly encountering evidence that the inmates of his stalag were planning mayhem, frequently feigned ignorance with the catchphrase, ""I see nothing! I hear nothing! I know nothing!"" (or, more commonly as the series went

John Banner John Banner (born Johann Banner, 28 January 1910 – 28 January 1973) was an Austrian-born American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Master Sergeant Schultz in the situation comedy ""Hogan's Heroes"" (1965–1971). Schultz, constantly encountering evidence that the inmates of his stalag were planning mayhem, frequently feigned ignorance with the catchphrase, ""I see nothing! I hear nothing! I know nothing!"" (or, more commonly as the series went on, ""I know nothing, ""nothing!""""). Banner was born to Jewish parents in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He studied for a law degree at the University of Vienna,

"Jon Cedar"
also joined the theatre troupe, the ""Players Ring"", based in Hollywood, with his brother, George Cedar. Cedar had a recurring role as the timid Corporal Karl Langenscheidt on the television series, ""Hogan's Heroes"" from 1965 to 1971. (In 1967, in the episode ""Two Nazi for the Price of One"" his character was ""Mannheim"".) Cedar was a co-star, co-screenwriter and associate producer on the 1978 horror film ""The Manitou"", which starred Tony Curtis. His additional film credits included ""Little Cigars"" (1973), ""The Execution of Private Slovik"" (1974), ""Foxy Brown"" (1974), ""Day of the Animals"" (1977), ""Capricorn One"" (1978), ""The Concorde ...

"Robert Clary"
Robert Clary Robert Clary (born Robert Max Widerman; March 1, 1926) is a French-American actor, published author, artist and lecturer. He is known for his role in the television sitcom ""Hogan's Heroes"" as Corporal Louis LeBeau. Born in 1926 in Paris, France, Clary was the youngest of 14 children. At the age of twelve, he began a career singing professionally on French radio and also studied art at the Paris Drawing School. In 1942, because he was Jewish, he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Ottmuth, in Upper Silesia (now Poland). He was tattooed with the identification ""A5714""

appeared in the film ""Pension Schöller"", and the following year was prominently featured in Billy Wilder's film ""One, Two, Three"", co-starring with James Cagney. He gained wide recognition and popularity for his recurring role as the stern General Albert Burkhalter in the sitcom ""Hogan's Heroes"" appearing in 67 episodes (including the pilot) of the show’s run from 1965 to 1971. Burkhalter was the gruff and rotund German commanding officer of Colonel Klink, the bumbling commandant of a World War II prisoner-of-war camp, manipulated by the American Colonel Hogan so the prisoners would get away with their clandestine activities. Askin made

when was beowulf most likely composed when did it's events probably take place

Beowulf
Beowulf Beowulf (; ) is an Old English epic story consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It may be the oldest surviving long story in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the """"Beowulf"" author"". The story is set in Scandinavia. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar,

Beowulf
great pyre in Geatland while his people wail and mourn him, fearing that without him, the Geats are defenceless against attacks from surrounding tribes. Afterwards, a barrow, visible from the sea, is built in his memory (""Beowulf"" lines 2712–3182). ""Beowulf"" was written in England, but is set in Scandinavia; its dating has attracted considerable scholarly attention. The poem has been dated to between the 8th and the early 11th centuries, with some recent scholarship offering what has been called ""a cohesive and compelling case for Beowulf's early composition."" However, opinion differs as to whether the composition of the poem is

Beowulf
in close contact with their Germanic kinsmen in Northern Germany and southern Scandinavia. The poem may have been brought to England by people of Geatish origins. Many suggest that ""Beowulf"" was first composed in the 7th century at Rendlesham in East Anglia, that the Sutton Hoo ship-burial also shows close connections with Scandinavia, and that the East Anglian royal dynasty, the Wuffingas, may have been descendants of the Geatish Wulfings. Others have associated this poem with the court of King Alfred the Great or with the court of King Cnut the Great. The poem deals with legends, was composed for

Beowulf
It has no title in the original manuscript, but has become known by the name of the story's protagonist. In 1731, the manuscript was badly damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London that had a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton. The Nowell Codex is currently housed in the British Library. The events in the poem take place over most of the sixth century, after the Anglo-Saxons had started migrating to England and before the beginning of the seventh century, a time when the Anglo-Saxons were either newly arrived or were still

Beowulf
historical content..."" In historical terms, the poem's characters would have been Norse pagans (the historical events of the poem took place before the Christianisation of Scandinavia), yet the poem was recorded by Christian Anglo-Saxons who had mostly converted from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism around the 7th century – both Anglo-Saxon paganism and Norse paganism share a common origin as both are forms of Germanic paganism. ""Beowulf"" thus depicts a Germanic warrior society, in which the relationship between the lord of the region and those who served under him was of paramount importance. In terms of the relationship between characters in

Beowulf
relative Wiglaf, whose name means ""remnant of valour"", dares to join him. Beowulf finally slays the dragon, but is mortally wounded in the struggle. He is cremated and a burial mound by the sea is erected in his honour. ""Beowulf"" is considered an epic poem in that the main character is a hero who travels great distances to prove his strength at impossible odds against supernatural demons and beasts. The poem also begins ""in medias res"" or simply, ""in the middle of things,"" which is a characteristic of the epics of antiquity. Although the poem begins with Beowulf's arrival, Grendel's

Beowulf
nearly contemporary with its transcription, whether it was first written in the 8th century, or if a proto-version of the poem was perhaps composed at an even earlier time (possibly as one of the Bear's Son Tales) and orally transmitted for many years, then transcribed in its present form at a later date. Albert Lord felt strongly that the manuscript represents the transcription of a performance, though likely taken at more than one sitting. J. R. R. Tolkien believed that the poem retains too genuine a memory of Anglo-Saxon paganism to have been composed more than a few generations after

Beowulf
(3140–3170). ""Beowulf"" begins with the story of Hrothgar, who constructed the great hall Heorot for himself and his warriors. In it, he, his wife Wealhtheow, and his warriors spend their time singing and celebrating. Grendel, a troll-like monster said to be descended from the biblical Cain, is pained by the sounds of joy. Grendel attacks the hall and kills and devours many of Hrothgar's warriors while they sleep. Hrothgar and his people, helpless against Grendel, abandon Heorot. Beowulf, a young warrior from Geatland, hears of Hrothgar's troubles and with his king's permission leaves his homeland to assist Hrothgar. Beowulf and

Beowulf
the completion of the Christianisation of England around AD 700, and Tolkien's conviction that the poem dates to the 8th century has been defended by Tom Shippey, Leonard Neidorf, Rafael J. Pascual, and R.D. Fulk, among others. The claim to an early 11th-century date depends in part on scholars who argue that, rather than the transcription of a tale from the oral tradition by an earlier literate monk, ""Beowulf"" reflects an original interpretation of an earlier version of the story by the manuscript's two scribes. On the other hand, some scholars argue that linguistic, palaeographical, metrical, and onomastic considerations align

Beowulf
more than twelve hundred years ago, during the first half of the eighth century, and that the writer was a native of what was then called West Mercia, located in the Western Midlands of England. However, the late tenth-century manuscript ""which alone preserves the poem"" originated in the kingdom of the West Saxons – as it is more commonly known. Donaldson wrote that ""the poet who put the materials into their present form was a Christian and ... poem reflects a Christian tradition"". Stanley B. Greenfield has suggested that references to the human body throughout ""Beowulf"" emphasise the relative position

"Mikey and Nicky"
of Modern Art in New York City for the Directors Guild of America Fiftieth Anniversary Tribute on November 17, 1986. The film was also shown in Park City, Utah, at the United States Film Festival's ""Tribute to John Cassavetes"" on January 25, 1989. Mikey and Nicky Mikey and Nicky is a 1976 American film written and directed by Elaine May and starring Peter Falk and John Cassavetes. The supporting cast features Ned Beatty and noted acting teacher Sanford Meisner. When Nicky (John Cassavetes) calls Mikey (Peter Falk) yet again to bail him out of trouble—this time a contract on his

"Dan Grimaldi"
Dan Grimaldi Daniel ""Dan"" Grimaldi (born January 20, 1952) is an American actor and mathematics professor who is known for his roles as twins Philly and Patsy Parisi on the HBO TV series ""The Sopranos"". In addition to his role on ""The Sopranos"", he has also had some minor film credits, most notably as mother-fixated pyromaniac Donny Kohler in the 1980 slasher film ""Don't Go in the House"", and some guest TV appearances, including several episodes on ""Law & Order"" as well as appearing in 2011 as Tommy Barrone Sr. in ""Moonlighting"" the 9th episode of the 2nd season of

"Carly Hillman"
Carly Hillman Carly Hillman (born 11 June 1983) is a British actress from Hornchurch in Essex best known for playing Nicky di Marco in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"" from 1998 to 2000. Carly's character (Nicky) was best friends with Sonia Jackson (Natalie Cassidy) and Martin Fowler (James Alexandriou) in the soap. Her most notorious storyline involved her falling in love with her tutor Rod Morris, which then led to Nicky being sexually assaulted by him. Other family members included brothers Gianni (Marc Bannerman) and Beppe (Michael Greco), sister Teresa (Leila Birch) and mother Rosa (Louise Jameson). Despite all being

"P. J. Byrne"
P. J. Byrne Paul Jeffrey Byrne (born December 15, 1974) is an American film and television actor. Byrne is best known for his roles as Nicky ""Rugrat"" Koskoff in the Martin Scorsese film ""The Wolf of Wall Street"" (2013) and Bolin on Nickelodeon's animated series ""The Legend of Korra"" (2012–2014). A Garden State native, Byrne was born in Maplewood, New Jersey, to Emma N. (Ferraro) and Paul I. Byrne Jr., and was raised in Old Tappan, New Jersey, where he graduated from Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan in 1992. He is of Irish and Italian descent. A

"Edie Falco"
Edie Falco Edith Falco (; born July 5, 1963) is an American television, film, and stage actress, known for her roles as Diane Whittlesey in the HBO series ""Oz"" (1997–2000) and Carmela Soprano on the HBO series ""The Sopranos"" (1999–2007), for which she received six Emmy nominations, winning three for an Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series as well as winning two Golden Globes and five Screen Actors Guild Awards. Falco portrayed the eponymous role on the Showtime series ""Nurse Jackie"" (2009–15), earning six further Emmy nominations and winning once for an Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy. In

and was nominated for numerous awards. The next year he starred in the television series ""Intelligence"". He resides in Los Angeles with his wife, Jaime, who is the district director in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills for health care services and fund-raising for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Byrne and his wife have one daughter. P. J. Byrne Paul Jeffrey Byrne (born December 15, 1974) is an American film and television actor. Byrne is best known for his roles as Nicky ""Rugrat"" Koskoff in the Martin Scorsese film ""The Wolf of Wall Street"" (2013) and Bolin on Nickelodeon's animated series ""The

"Katy Stephens"
Performance for the same show. Stephens is a board member for Ego Performance Company, a charity working with performers of all ages and abilities in the heart of the city of Coventry. Katy Stephens Katy Stephens (born 1970 in Southampton, England) is an award-winning, British actress and former children's presenter. She has appeared in leading roles with Shakespeare's Globe and the Royal Shakespeare Company with whom she is an Associate Artist. She played Nicky in ""London's Burning"", and was a co-presenter on ""The Fun Song Factory"" in the 1990s. Stephens' extensive work for the Royal Shakespeare Company includes Rosalind in

"Tony Sirico"
Tony Sirico Genaro Anthony Sirico Jr. (born July 29, 1942) is an American actor, best known for his role as Paul ""Paulie Walnuts"" Gualtieri in ""The Sopranos"" and various roles in the films of Woody Allen. Sirico was born in New York City, New York on July 29, 1942. As a teenager, Sirico was part of a street gang which had feuds with communities of African-Americans and the Irish. He later recalled that he was shot on the steps of St Brendan's Catholic Church in Brooklyn, by a rival Irish thug. Before turning to acting, he was convicted of several

"Toni Kalem"
Toni Kalem Toni Kalem (born August 29, 1950) is an American actress, screenwriter and director. Kalem is best known for her portrayal of Angie Bonpensiero on the HBO series, ""The Sopranos"". Kalem grew up in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey. She appeared in such films as ""Double Jeopardy"", ""Private Benjamin"", ""Sister Act"", ""The Wanderers"", ""Eyes of the Beholder"", ""Silent Rage"" and ""The Boy Who Drank Too Much"". Her television credits include guest appearances on ""Starsky and Hutch"", ""MacGyver"", ""Another World"" and ""Police Woman"". During the sixth season of ""The Sopranos"", Kalem was elevated from guest star to series regular

"Nicky Mondellini"
American Petroleum engineer, Al Wilson. The couple have three children: Mario, Robert, and Stephanie. Nicky Mondellini Nicky Mondellini (born Nicoletta Edna Mondellini Hammond on July 6, 1966 in Milan, Italy) is an Italian-born Mexican actress and professional ballerina. Mondellini was born to a British mother, Joan Hammond, and an Italian father, Mario Mondellini. She moved to Mexico City with her family when her father was transferred by his employer. She has two sisters. From early childhood, she was introduced to the arts of acting and dancing by her mother, a professional choreographer. She began her acting career when she was

who had the most governmental power under the articles of confederation

"Articles of Confederation"
Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. This became the Constitutional Convention. It was quickly realized that changes would not work, and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced. On March 4, 1789, the government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution. The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive (the President), courts, and taxing powers. The political push to increase cooperation among the then-loyal colonies began with the Albany Congress in 1754 and Benjamin Franklin's proposed Albany Plan, an inter-colonial collaboration to help solve mutual local problems. The

government. Under the Articles, the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the national Congress, which was empowered to make war and peace, negotiate diplomatic and commercial agreements with foreign countries, and to resolve disputes between the states. The document also stipulates that its provisions ""shall be inviolably observed by every state"" and that ""the Union shall be perpetual"". Summary of the purpose and content of each of the 13 articles: Under the Articles, Congress had the authority to regulate and fund the Continental Army, but it lacked the power to compel the States to comply

Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government

to discuss ways to reduce interstate conflict. At what came to be known as the Annapolis Convention, the few state delegates in attendance endorsed a motion that called for all states to meet in Philadelphia in May 1787 to discuss ways to improve the Articles of Confederation in a ""Grand Convention."" Although the states' representatives to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia were only authorized to amend the Articles, the representatives held secret, closed-door sessions and wrote a new constitution. The new Constitution gave much more power to the central government, but characterization of the result is disputed. The general goal

would become effective after ratification by a mere nine states, without unanimity: The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The apparent tension between these two provisions was addressed at the time, and remains a topic of scholarly discussion. In 1788, James Madison remarked (in ""Federalist No. 40"") that the issue had become moot: ""As this objection...has been in a manner waived by those who have criticised the powers of the convention, I dismiss it without further observation."" Nevertheless, it is an interesting historical

Loyalists and allowing them to seek compensation. This incomplete British implementation of the Treaty of Paris would later be resolved by the implementation of Jay's Treaty in 1795, after the federal Constitution came into force. Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government's power was kept quite limited. The Confederation Congress could make decisions, but lacked enforcement powers. Implementation of most decisions, including modifications to the Articles, required unanimous approval of all thirteen state legislatures. Congress was denied any powers of taxation: it could only request money from the states. The states often failed to meet these requests in full,

direct control of Congress. There were 10 presidents of Congress under the Articles. The first, Samuel Huntington, had been serving as president of the Continental Congress since September 28, 1779. The peace treaty left the United States independent and at peace but with an unsettled governmental structure. The Articles envisioned a permanent confederation, but granted to the Congress—the only federal institution—little power to finance itself or to ensure that its resolutions were enforced. There was no president, no executive agencies, no judiciary and no tax base. The absence of a tax base meant that there was no way to pay

people together and tell them so; that is, to have a convention of the States to form a better Constitution."" Once the war had been won, the Continental Army was largely disbanded. A very small national force was maintained to man the frontier forts and to protect against Native American attacks. Meanwhile, each of the states had an army (or militia), and 11 of them had navies. The wartime promises of bounties and land grants to be paid for service were not being met. In 1783, George Washington defused the Newburgh conspiracy, but riots by unpaid Pennsylvania veterans forced Congress

issue of debate following the War. Some States paid off their war debts and others did not. Federal assumption of the states' war debts became a major issue in the deliberations of the Constitutional Convention. Nevertheless, the Confederation Congress did take two actions with long-lasting impact. The Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance created territorial government, set up protocols for the admission of new states and the division of land into useful units, and set aside land in each township for public use. This system represented a sharp break from imperial colonization, as in Europe, and it established the

of 13 to prepare a draft of a constitution for a union of the states. The committee met repeatedly, and chairman John Dickinson presented their results to the Congress on July 12, 1776. There were long debates on such issues as sovereignty, the exact powers to be given the confederate government, whether to have a judiciary, and voting procedures. The final draft of the Articles was prepared in the summer of 1777 and the Second Continental Congress approved them for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777, after a year of debate. Consensus was achieved by dividing sovereignty

XXXTentacion
and ""Hope"" also charted after his death, peaking at number 13 and 70. Onfroy announced the release date for his second studio album, ""?"", on March 12, 2018. He shared the 18 track track-list with features from Joey Bada$$, Travis Barker and PnB Rock. ""?"" was released on March 16, 2018. ""?"" debuted at number one on the ""Billboard"" 200, becoming Onfroy's first number one in the country, losing out with his debut album ""17"" due to Lil Uzi Vert's ""Luv Is Rage 2"". Shortly following the release of ""?"", Onfroy signed a new album deal with Empire Distribution for

"Insane Clown Posse"
The album features Violent J on the song """"Foggin' Up The Window"""" and DJ Clay on the bonus track (only available digitally) """"Awww Shit"""". The album was released on May 26, 2017 and charted on the Billboard 200 at #72, Independent at #1, R&B/Hip-Hop at #39, Top Album Sales at #18 and Artist 100 at #96. On September 16, 2017, an estimated 1500 Juggalos gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial to organize a concert and all day rally in protest of their gang classification, and ""class-based discrimination by law enforcement"". Insane Clown Posse's performance style is often described as

"Reckless (Nav album)"
Reckless (Nav album) Reckless (stylized as RECKLESS) is the debut studio album by Canadian rapper Nav. It was released on May 18, 2018 by XO Records and Republic Records. The album features guest appearances from Quavo, Lil Uzi Vert, Travis Scott, and Gunna. It features production from Nav himself, Wheezy, Ben Billions, Rex Kudo, Charlie Handsome, and Foreign Teck, among others. Nav commented on the album during an interview with Tim Westwood, detailing that he's more involved than ever in the production process, continuing with the expectation of some big features with ""no wack artists"". On April 27, 2018, the

"Victory Lap (Nipsey Hussle album)"
Victory Lap (Nipsey Hussle album) Victory Lap is the debut studio album by American rapper Nipsey Hussle. It was released on February 16, 2018 through All Money In No Money Out and Atlantic Records. It is Nipsey Hussle's first major commercial release after releasing a string of mixtapes for thirteen years. The album debuted at number 4 on the ""Billboard"" 200, selling 53,000 album-equivalent units. It received a nomination for Best Rap Album at the 61st Grammy Awards. ""Victory Lap"" received positive reviews from critics upon release. Ian McQuaid of ""The Guardian"" commented that Nipsey Hussle ""effortlessly claims his place

"On the Rvn"
On the Rvn On the Rvn (pronounced ""On the Run"") is the second extended play by American recording artist Young Thug. It was released on September 24, 2018 by 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records to streaming platforms. It features collaborations with 6lack, Jaden Smith, Elton John, T-Shyne, and Offset and follows a month after Thug's compilation album ""Slime Language"". ""On the Rvn"" was originally expected to be released on September 11, the same day that Young Thug turned himself into authorities for DeKalb County police in Georgia after a warrant was put out for his arrest for possession of and

J.I.D
""Sirens"" from ""Ta13oo"", and was announced he would go on tour with Mac Miller and Thundercat. However, the tour has since been cancelled due to the passing of Mac Miller. The first single for his second album was released on September 18, titled “151 Rum”. On October 3, 2018, J.I.D premiered the song ""Working Out"" on ""A COLORS SHOW"". On his birthday, his second album ""DiCaprio 2"" was announced for a release date of November 26, 2018, and revealed the tracklist soon after. The album's second official single, ""Off Deez"" featuring J. Cole, was released on November 6. Other collaborators

"Fearless Fred Fury"
Fearless Fred Fury Fearless Fred Fury is the upcoming fifteenth studio album by American hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse, and their fourth Joker Card in the second Deck of the Dark Carnival Saga. It was set to be released on October 26, 2018 via Psychopathic Records simultaneously with their upcoming eight-track extended play titled ""Flip The Rat"" but was delayed until February 15th, 2019, pre-orders will be available November 23rd 2018. It is their second album since 1999’s ""The Amazing Jeckel Brothers"" to have a black background on the album cover. During the April 13, 2017 ""Juggalo Show"" radio

"Rampage (2018 film)"
An exclusive track was also released by Kid Cudi titled ""The Rage"" which plays in the film's end credits. The soundtrack was released digitally on 13 April 2018 by WaterTower Music. ""Rampage"" was released on April 13, 2018, in 3D and IMAX, by Warner Bros. Pictures, after initially being set for release a week later, on April 20. The release date was moved up after """" had also shifted its release up by a week, to April 27, so as to provide ""Rampage"" with a two-week cushion. The film was coincidently released 3 weeks after ""Pacific Rim Uprising"", another American

"It Ain't Illegal Yet"
It Ain't Illegal Yet It Ain't Illegal Yet is the eighth solo studio album by American hip hop musician Del the Funky Homosapien. It was released by Funnyman Entertainment in 2010, for an unfixed rate with a minimum of $3. Special packages, including signed merchandise and chances to meet Del, were given to those who were willing to pay more for the album. The title of the album is a quote from George Clinton. In an interview with ""SF Station"", Del said: ""It's a quote from George Clinton. When he said it, he was referring to thinking. You can still

"Yo La Tengo"
Hedwig and the Angry Inch"" in support of the Harvey Milk High School. The band put together their first ""best of"" compilation entitled """" which was released in 2005. They composed scores for four more films, 2005's ""Junebug"" and ""Game 6"", and 2006's ""Shortbus"" and ""Old Joy"". Their scores for these four films were collected on the 2008 compilation ""They Shoot, We Score"". Their eleventh LP, ""I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass"", was released in 2006 to universal acclaim. Informed by their soundtrack work, the arrangements included more strings and horns than any of

"History of Greece"
restaurant sectors of American cities; some sent money back to their families, others returned with hundreds of dollars, enough to purchase a farm or a small business in the old village. The urban population tripled from 8% in 1853 to 24% in 1907. Athens grew from a village of 6000 people in 1834, when it became the capital, to 63,000 in 1879, 111,000 in 1896, and 167,000 in 1907. In Athens and other cities, men arriving from rural areas set up workshops and stores, creating a middle class. They joined with bankers, professional men, university students, and military officers, to

"History of Athens"
History of Athens Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for at least 5000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization. During the early Middle Ages, the city experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th centuries), benefiting from Italian trade. Following a period of sharp decline under the rule of

by the nobility. By the 7th century BC, social unrest had become widespread, and the Areopagus appointed Draco to draft a strict new code of law (hence the word 'draconian'). When this failed, they appointed Solon, with a mandate to create a new constitution (in 594 BC). The reforms that Solon initiated dealt with both political and economic issues. The economic power of the ""Eupatridae"" was reduced by forbidding the enslavement of Athenian citizens as a punishment for debt (Debt bondage), by breaking up large landed estates and freeing up trade and commerce, which allowed the emergence of a prosperous

Athens
Athens was one of the leading centres of trade and prosperity in the region. The leading position of Athens may well have resulted from its central location in the Greek world, its secure stronghold on the Acropolis and its access to the sea, which gave it a natural advantage over inland rivals such as Thebes and Sparta. By the 6th century BC, widespread social unrest led to the reforms of Solon. These would pave the way for the eventual introduction of democracy by Cleisthenes in 508 BC. Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large

Athens
emperor Hadrian, in the 2nd century CE, constructed a library, a gymnasium, an aqueduct which is still in use, several temples and sanctuaries, a bridge and financed the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. By the end of Late Antiquity, the city experienced decline followed by recovery in the second half of the Middle Byzantine Period, in the 9th to 10th centuries CE, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, benefiting from Italian trade. After the Fourth Crusade the Duchy of Athens was established. In 1458 it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and entered a long period of

Athens
Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2012, Athens was ranked the world's 39th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study. Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centres in southeastern Europe. It has a large financial sector, and

was liable to be removed before his annual term of office was out—particularly through the influence at Constantinople of the two Athenian-born Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Parthenius (1737–1766) and Ephram II (1766–1770). Taxation was also light, with only the ""kharaj"" tax payable to the Ottoman government, as well as the salt tax and a water-tax for the olive yards and gardens. This peaceful situation was interrupted in 1752–1753, when the execution of the previous Kizlar Agha resulted in the dispatch of a new ""voevoda"", Sari Muselimi. His abuse of power led to protests by both the Greeks and the Turks; Sari

70,000, whilst slaves were estimated at between 150,000 and 400,000. Hence, approximately a tenth of the population were adult male citizens, eligible to meet and vote in the Assembly and be elected to office. After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, the city's population began to decrease as Greeks migrated to the Hellenistic empires in the east. Athens has been inhabited from Neolithic times, possibly from the end of the 4th millennium BC, or nearly 5,000 years. By 1412 BC, the settlement had become an important center of the Mycenaean civilization and the Acropolis was

the popular party, led by Peisistratus, a cousin of Solon, seized power (in 541 BC). Peisistratus is usually called a tyrant, but the Greek word ""tyrannos"" does not mean a cruel and despotic ruler, merely one who took power by force. Peisistratus was in fact a very popular ruler, who made Athens wealthy, powerful, and a centre of culture, and instituted Athenian naval supremacy in the Aegean Sea and beyond. He preserved the Solonian Constitution, but made sure that he and his family held all the offices of state. He built the first aqueduct as an underground tunnel. Its sources

"National Service Act 1948"
as call-ups formally ended on 31 December 1960, and the last National Servicemen left the armed forces in May 1963. In 2015 Prince Harry made a call for bringing back the National Service. National Service Act 1948 The National Service Act 1948 was an Act of Parliament which extended the British conscription of the Second World War long after the war-time need for it had expired, in the form of ""National Service"". After a bill with the same purpose had been approved in 1947, expected to be implemented 1 January 1949, the Cold War and the Malayan Emergency caused a

were coal mining, shipbuilding, engineering-related trades and—to a limited extent—medicine). Young men working in the essential services were exempted from National Service for a period of eight years. If they stopped working in these industries before this period of eight years ended (that is, before turning 25), they could be called up for National Service. In October 1950, in response to the British involvement in the Korean War, the service period was extended to two years. To compensate the reserve period was reduced by six months. National Service ended gradually from 1960. In November 1960 the last men entered service,

"History of the National Health Service"
the NHS' workforce. The Thatcher Government encouraged (and eventually forced) health authorities to put most ancillary services out for competitive tender, effectively outsourcing the jobs of those workers. This led to a substantial reduction in numbers, with 1/3 of ancillary posts disappearing between 1980 and 1987. Those that remained were largely employed by private agencies and no longer subject to national agreements or trade union collective bargaining. For nurses, the introduction of Project 2000 meant that their profession now centred around degree courses run by universities rather than nurse training courses run by teaching hospitals. This effectively removed student nurses

"National Health Service (England)"
provider and many are free to vulnerable or low-income patients. The NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term healthcare, ophthalmology and dentistry. The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance: it is used by about 8% of the population, generally as an add-on to NHS services. The NHS is largely funded from general taxation with a small amount being contributed by National Insurance payments and from fees levied in accordance with recent changes

"National Health Service Act 1946"
there were powers to make charges for: The functions of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency were transferred to the Minister. Full text of the Act (HTML version) National Health Service Act 1946 The National Health Service Act 1946 (c 81) came into effect on 5 July 1948 and created the National Health Service in England and Wales. Though the title 'National Health Service' implies a single health service for the United Kingdom, in reality one NHS was created for England and Wales accountable to the Secretary of State for Health, with a separate NHS created for

legal rights and responsibilities of the NHS, its staff, and users of the service and makes additional non-binding pledges regarding many key aspects of its operations. The Health and Social Care Act 2012 came into effect in April 2013, giving GP-led groups responsibility for commissioning most local NHS services. Starting in April 2013 Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) are being replaced by General Practitioner (GP) -led organisations called Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). Under the new system, a new ""NHS Commissioning Board"", called NHS England, oversees the NHS from the Department of Health. The Act has also become associated with the perception

"National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973"
Act 1967 became law. The impetus for the establishment of a Health Ombudsman arose from growing dissatisfaction with the quality of service in the NHS through the 1960s. This was encapsulated by scandals about the care provided to the elderly and mentally ill at Ely Hospital in Cardiff, Farleigh Hospital in Bristol and Whittingham Hospital near Preston. Hospitals were free to determine their own complaints procedures for the investigation of complaints, subject only to guidance by the Ministry of Health. The Davies Report, published in 1973, criticised the complaints system then in place. The Government announced in 1972 that it

"History of the National Health Service (England)"
Medical Journal"" on 24 December 1949 of University of Cambridge consultant paediatrician Douglas Gairdner's landmark paper detailing the lack of medical benefit and the risks attached to non-therapeutic (routine) circumcision, the National Health Service took a decision that circumcision would not be performed unless there was a clear and present medical indication. Both the cost and the non-therapeutic, unnecessary, harmful nature of the surgical operation were taken into account. The NHS in England was reorganised in 1974 to bring together services provided by hospitals and services provided by local authorities under the umbrella of Regional Health Authorities, with a further

National Service Act 1948 The National Service Act 1948 was an Act of Parliament which extended the British conscription of the Second World War long after the war-time need for it had expired, in the form of ""National Service"". After a bill with the same purpose had been approved in 1947, expected to be implemented 1 January 1949, the Cold War and the Malayan Emergency caused a revised and extended version of the new legislation to be approved in December 1948, only days before the new arrangements came into force. The act had much in common with the National Service

National Health Service Act 1946 The National Health Service Act 1946 (c 81) came into effect on 5 July 1948 and created the National Health Service in England and Wales. Though the title 'National Health Service' implies a single health service for the United Kingdom, in reality one NHS was created for England and Wales accountable to the Secretary of State for Health, with a separate NHS created for Scotland accountable to the Secretary of State for Scotland by the passage of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947. Similar health services in Northern Ireland were created by the Northern

"We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions"
We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions is the fourteenth studio album by Bruce Springsteen. It peaked at number three on the ""Billboard"" 200 and won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album at the 49th Grammy Awards. This is Springsteen's first and so far only album of entirely non-Springsteen material and contains his interpretation of thirteen folk music songs made popular by activist folk musician Pete Seeger. As an activist and artist of folk music, Seeger did not write any of the songs on the album. His life's work focused on popularizing and

songs traditional or public domain with unknown songwriters, arranged by Bruce Springsteen, unless otherwise noted. A handful of outtakes went unreleased from the final cut of the album. Springsteen would later release some of these on the ""American Land"" version of the album while songs such as the instrumental ""Once Upon a Time in the West"" was released on the ""We All Love Ennio Morricone"" album, a cover of Pete Seeger's ""Hobo's Lullaby"" made its way onto the ""Give Us Your Poor"" charity album. A re-recorded version of Springsteen's ""The Ghost of Tom Joad"", which featured Pete Seeger, was released

"The Sessions Band"
Soozie Tyrell, and recorded a number of songs on November 2, 1997. These included ""We Shall Overcome"", which was released on the 1998 tribute album, """". The group was then disbanded for an extended period. In late 2004, while reviewing material for a possible follow-up to his ""Tracks"" box set, Springsteen stumbled upon these recordings and decided to release them as a stand-alone project. There was not enough material, however, so he reformed the band for what would become known as the Second Seeger Session on March 19, 2005. The third and, so far, final Seeger Session took place on

on the ""Sowing the Seeds"" charity album. A studio version of ""Bring 'Em Home"" was also released by Sony as an internet download. During these sessions Springsteen also first recorded ""Long Walk Home"". This version remains unreleased although it was performed during this tour and would eventually be re-recorded for his next album, 2007's ""Magic"". Two live versions of ""American Land"" were released however the studio recording from these sessions has yet to surface. Springsteen would re-record the song for his 2012 album, ""Wrecking Ball"". We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions is the fourteenth

Soozie Tyrell, the violinist in the E Street Band, Springsteen hooked up with a group of lesser-known musicians from New Jersey and New York City, and they recorded in an informal, large band setting in Springsteen's Colts Neck, New Jersey farm. In addition to Tyrell, previous Springsteen associates The Miami Horns as well as wife Patti Scialfa augmented the proceedings. This group would become The Sessions Band. The subsequent Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour expanded on the album's musical approach. The album, like its predecessor ""Devils and Dust"", has been released on DualDisc, in a CD/DVD double

promoting the ethic of local, historical musical influences and recognizing the cultural significance that folk music embodies. The record began in 1997, when Springsteen recorded ""We Shall Overcome"" for the ""Where Have All the Flowers Gone: the Songs of Pete Seeger"" tribute album, released the following year. Springsteen had not known much about Seeger given his rock and roll upbringing and orientation, and proceeded to investigate and listen to his music. While playing them in his house, his 10-year-old daughter said, ""Hey, that sounds like fun,"" which caused Springsteen to get interested in further exploring the material and genre. Via

"We Shall Overcome (Pete Seeger album)"
We Shall Overcome (Pete Seeger album) We Shall Overcome is a 1963 album by Pete Seeger. It was recorded live at his concert at Carnegie Hall, New York City, on June 8, 1963, and was released by Columbia Records. The concert would later be described by Ed Vulliamy of ""The Observer"" as ""a launch event for the entwining of the music and politics of the 1960s"". Reviewer Stewart Mason at Allmusic criticised some of the songs as ""trite"", but wrote that ""the second half of the concert, climaxing in the definitive version of ""Guantanamera,"" is protest folk at its finest.""

an expanded documentary and liner notes. Rather than a DualDisc release, the ""American Land Edition"" was released with separate CD and DVDs. Added sales were minimal. ""We Shall Overcome"" received widespread acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 25 reviews. In his review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised Springsteen's modern take on Seeger's repertoire of folk songs and said that it is the liveliest album of his career: ""It's a rambunctious, freewheeling, positively joyous record unlike any

January 21, 2006. On April 25, 2006, the album was released as """" (so titled as each of the album's thirteen songs had been previously recorded or performed by Pete Seeger). The subsequent Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour took this musical approach even further, with a travelling group partly composed of musicians from the sessions. On October 3, 2006, the album was reissued as ""We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions - American Land Edition"" with five additional tracks. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album at the 49th Grammy Awards held in February

and viewed the album as the worst case of his histrionic singing. Seeger himself was pleased by the result, saying ""It was a great honor. [Springsteen]'s an extraordinary person, as well as an extraordinary singer."" ""We Shall Overcome"" was voted the 19th best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual critics poll run by ""The Village Voice"". In 2007, it won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album at the 49th Grammy Awards. By January 2009, the album had sold 700,000 copies in the United States. the RIAA certified it with gold record status. All

what us president is the only president to become an eagle scout

"Boy Scouts of America"
Many famous Americans are Eagle Scouts: astronaut Neil Armstrong, film director Michael Moore, TV host Mike Rowe, Steven Spielberg, Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, and President Gerald Ford are just a small sample of Eagle Scouts. Starting in February 2019, girls will be eligible to earn ranks and merit badges including Eagle Scout, following the same requirements as the boys. There will even be extra time afforded to girls and boys 16 years or older joining Scouts BSA to complete all Eagle Scout requirements since the minimum time required is about 18 months. Additionally, this first class

"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)"
globally."" In 2018, Boy Scouts officially stated plans to expand entry to include all females, and change the name of the program from ""Boy Scouts of America"" to ""Scouts BSA."" Eleven Eagle Scouts have been awarded the Medal of Honor: Eugene B. Fluckey, Aquilla J. Dyess, Robert Edward Femoyer, Walter Joseph Marm, Jr., Mitchell Paige, Thomas R. Norris, Arlo L. Olson, Ben L. Salomon, Leo K. Thorsness, Jay Zeamer Jr. and Britt K. Slabinski. At least forty astronauts earned the rank as a youth, including Neil Armstrong and Charles Duke who walked on the moon. Businessmen who have earned the

in 1968. In 1982, 13-year-old Alexander Holsinger of Normal, Illinois was recognized as the one-millionth Eagle Scout, and Anthony Thomas of Lakeville, Minnesota was the two-millionth in 2009. About 2.25 million Scouts had earned Eagle Scout through January 2014. In 2012, 57,976 Eagle Scout awards were presented, about seven percent of the 2012 membership. Four Nobel Prize laureates are known to be Eagle Scouts: Dudley R. Herschbach, Peter Agre, Robert Coleman Richardson, and Frederick Reines. On October 11, 2017, the Boy Scouts announced that in 2019, a program for older girls will be available, enabling girls to earn the rank

President of Ohio State University, and Kim B. Clark, former Dean of the Harvard Business School, and former president of Brigham Young University–Idaho. Entertainers who earned the BSA's highest rank include documentary filmmaker and Academy Award-winner Michael Moore, Academy Award-winning director Steven Spielberg, Evan Roe, star of the CBS Television primetime hit drama ""Madam Secretary"" and Mike Rowe, host of the Discovery Channel's ""Dirty Jobs"". Athletes who have earned Eagle Scout include Basketball Hall of Famer (later U.S. Senator) Bill Bradley, NBA All-Star Mark Eaton, MLB All-Star Shane Victorino and pitcher Jon Moscot, and Notre Dame and San Diego Chargers

be used as a pejorative term for someone deemed to be overly idealistic. Prominent Americans in diverse walks of life, from filmmaker Steven Spielberg (who helped launch a merit badge in cinematography) to adventurer Steve Fossett to politicians, were BSA members as youths. Over two-thirds of all astronauts have had some type of involvement in Scouting, and eleven of the twelve men to walk on the Moon were Scouts, including Eagle Scouts Neil Armstrong and Charlie Duke. The pinewood derby—a wood car racing event for Cub Scouts—has been declared ""a celebrated rite of spring"" and was named part of ""America's

award include Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton, Marriott International CEO J. W. Marriott, Jr., and Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City and founder of Bloomberg L.P. Eagle Scouts who have held public office include 38th President of the United States Gerald R. Ford, 22nd U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, 13th and 21st U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, 69th U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Stephen Breyer and 84th U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In academia, Eagle Scouts are represented by Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction-winner E.O. Wilson, E. Gordon Gee, former

"Arthur Rose Eldred"
Arthur Rose Eldred Arthur Rose Eldred (August 16, 1895 – January 4, 1951) was an American agricultural and railroad industry executive, civic leader, and the first Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). As a 16-year-old candidate for the highest rank bestowed by the BSA, he was personally interviewed by a panel composed of the youth organization's founding luminaries, including Ernest Thompson Seton and Daniel Carter Beard. Eldred was awarded the coveted distinction of Eagle Scout on September 2, 1912, becoming the first of more than two million boys in the U.S. since then to earn Scouting's most

"President of the United States"
the All-Star Game, or the World Series, usually with much fanfare. The President of the United States has served as the honorary president of the Boy Scouts of America since the founding of the organization. Other presidential traditions are associated with American holidays. Rutherford B. Hayes began in 1878 the first White House egg rolling for local children. Beginning in 1947, during the Harry S. Truman administration, every Thanksgiving the president is presented with a live domestic turkey during the annual National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation held at the White House. Since 1989, when the custom of ""pardoning"" the turkey was

"History of the Boy Scouts of America"
second-class councils with volunteer commissioners could keep five cents. The first annual meeting was held in February 1911 at the White House. It was agreed that the President of the United States— then William Howard Taft —was to be the honorary president of the BSA. Every U.S. president since has been elected by the Executive Board as the honorary president of the BSA. Former President Theodore Roosevelt was selected as the Chief Scout Citizen and honorary vice-president. Gifford Pinchot was selected as Chief Woodsman. The new edition of the handbook– ""The Official Handbook for Boys"" was published. West was elevated

"Gathering of Eagles Program"
his name is referenced in the annual booklet that was published for each gathering. The Gathering of Eagles (GOE) is a year-long program that capstones the ACSC curriculum. Each year, people who have made a significant contribution to Airpower receive invitations to a week-long event to share their personal stories of courage, perseverance, and innovation to the ACSC class and local community. GOE has been an annual event since 1982 and has honored over 450 Eagles including Neil Armstrong, Jimmy Doolittle, Bea Haydu, John Glenn, Curtis LeMay, and Chuck Yeager. The first official Gathering of Eagles (then known as ""Great

Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Freud first used the term ""psychoanalysis"" (in French) in 1896. ""Die Traumdeutung"" (""The Interpretation of Dreams""), which Freud saw as his ""most significant work"", appeared in November 1899. Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav

an individual's capacity to feel warmth, empathy, trust, sense of security, identity stability, consistent emotional closeness, and stability in relationships with significant others. (It is not suggested that one should trust everyone, for example.) Concepts regarding internal representations (also sometimes termed, ""introspects"", ""self and object representations"", or ""internalization of self and other"") although often attributed to Melanie Klein, were actually first mentioned by Sigmund Freud in his early concepts of drive theory (""Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality"", 1905). Freud's 1917 paper ""Mourning and Melancholia"", for example, hypothesized that unresolved grief was caused by the survivor's internalized image of

"Psychoanalytic theory"
analysis of the human psyche'. But with the emergence of psychoanalysis as a distinct clinical practice, both terms came to describe that. Although both are still used, today, the normal adjective is psychoanalytic. Psychoanalysis is defined in the ""Oxford English Dictionary"" as A therapeutic method, originated by Sigmund Freud, for treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patient's mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind, using techniques such as dream interpretation and free association. Also: a system of psychological theory associated with this method. Through the scope of a

grant to study with Jean-Martin Charcot, a famed neurologist, at the Salpêtrière in Paris, where Freud followed the clinical presentations of Charcot, particularly in the areas of hysteria, paralyses and the anaesthesias. Charcot had introduced hypnotism as an experimental research tool and developed the photographic representation of clinical symptoms. Freud's first theory to explain hysterical symptoms was presented in ""Studies on Hysteria"" (1895), co-authored with his mentor the distinguished physician Josef Breuer, which was generally seen as the birth of psychoanalysis. The work was based on Breuer's treatment of Bertha Pappenheim, referred to in case studies by the pseudonym ""Anna

"Freud's psychoanalytic theories"
that external force and without it, the group would no longer exist. Groups are necessary, according to Freud in order to decrease the narcissism in all people, by creating libidinal ties with others by placing everyone at an equal level. The commonness among different people with different egos allows people to identify with one another. This relates to the idea of religion because Freud believed that people created religion in order to create these group ties that they unconsciously seek for. Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious

of the father in Freud's own analysis is itself indebted to the prominence given to the father in Western metaphysics and theology since Plato. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Freud first used the term ""psychoanalysis"" (in French) in 1896. ""Die Traumdeutung"" (""The Interpretation of Dreams""), which Freud saw as his ""most significant

Psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has undergone many refinements since his work. Psychoanalytic theory came to full prominence in the last third of the twentieth century as part of the flow of critical discourse regarding psychological treatments after the 1960s, long after Freud's death in 1939, and its validity is now widely disputed or rejected. Freud had ceased his analysis of the brain and his physiological studies

of the later theoreticians. Psychoanalytic ideas also play roles in some types of literary analysis such as Archetypal literary criticism. Topographic theory was named and first described by Sigmund Freud in ""The Interpretation of Dreams"" (1899). The theory hypothesizes that the mental apparatus can be divided into the systems Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious. These systems are not anatomical structures of the brain but, rather, mental processes. Although Freud retained this theory throughout his life he largely replaced it with the Structural theory. The Topographic theory remains as one of the meta-psychological points of view for describing how the mind functions

Psychotherapy
on very different conceptions of psychology, ethics (how to live) or technique. In practice therapy is often not of one pure type but draws from a number of perspectives and schools—known as an integrative or eclectic approach. The importance of the therapeutic relationship, also known as therapeutic alliance, between client and therapist is often regarded as crucial to psychotherapy. Common factors theory addresses this and other core aspects thought to be responsible for effective psychotherapy. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), a Viennese neurologist who studied with Charcot in 1885, is often considered the father of modern psychotherapy. His methods included analyzing dreams

repressed into an unconscious state, and that the energy of these unconscious wishes could be turned into anxiety or physical symptoms. Therefore, the early treatment techniques, including hypnotism and abreaction, were designed to make the unconscious conscious in order to relieve the pressure and the apparently resulting symptoms. This method would later on be left aside by Freud, giving free association a bigger role. In ""On Narcissism"" (1915) Freud turned his attention to the subject of narcissism. Still using an energic system, Freud characterized the difference between energy directed at the self versus energy directed at others, called cathexis. By

"Chicago P.D. (season 4)"
DVD release of season four is set to be released in Region 1 on September 12, 2017. Chicago P.D. (season 4) The fourth season of ""Chicago P.D."", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, premiered September 21, 2016 and concluded on May 17, 2017. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Li Jun Li joins the cast as Officer Julie Tay for a three episode guest spot. She is set to replace Brian Geraghty's character Officer Sean Roman as Officer Kim Burgess' (Marina Squerciati) partner, after he left

Chicago P.D. (season 4) The fourth season of ""Chicago P.D."", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, premiered September 21, 2016 and concluded on May 17, 2017. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Li Jun Li joins the cast as Officer Julie Tay for a three episode guest spot. She is set to replace Brian Geraghty's character Officer Sean Roman as Officer Kim Burgess' (Marina Squerciati) partner, after he left the series at the end of last season. On September 28, it was reported that Jon Seda

"Chicago Fire (TV series)"
more episode, giving it a total of 24 episodes for season one. The pilot episode had an early release at NBC.com, before the series' premiere on television. On November 9, 2015, NBC renewed the series for a fifth season. The season premiered on October 11, 2016. The building used in the show for the firehouse exteriors is a working Chicago Fire Department firehouse, and is the headquarters of Engine 18, located at 1360 South Blue Island Avenue at Maxwell Street, between 13th & Racine. Housed here is ALS Engine 18, 2–2–1 (Deputy District Chief – 1st District), 2–1–21 (1st District

as character Antonio Dawson would move from ""P.D."" to ""Justice"", where Antonio will become an investigator for the SA's office. It was further reported on October 5 that Seda's last episode of ""P.D."" will be episode 8. Nick Wechsler joins the cast as Kenny Rixton, a former protégé of Voight's, for a multi-episode arc. On February 7, 2017, it was revealed that Esai Morales will join the cast as Chief Lugo, a veteran of the Police Department who is trying to steer the CPD into a new style of policing. His first appearance will be in the three-way crossover with

season. The season premiered on September 26, 2018. The show explores the lives, both professional and personal, of the firefighters and paramedics of the Chicago Fire Department at the quarters of Engine Company 51; Truck Company 81; Rescue Squad Company 3; Battalion 25 and Ambulance 61. Following the death of veteran Firefighter Andrew Darden, loyalties fracture and divide as Captain, previously Lieutenant Matthew Casey, officer-in-charge of Truck Company 81, and Lieutenant Kelly Severide, officer-in-charge of Squad Company 3, both blame one another for the death of their long-time friend and colleague. Severide is consumed with even more guilt when he

""Chicago Fire"" and ""Chicago Justice"", before recurring throughout the remainder of the season. Set to recur as Hailey Upton, a robbery homicide Detective, Tracy Spiridakos joins the cast, with her first episode slated to air in early May. Squerciati took maternity leave from the show in March 2017, and Kim made her temporary departure in ""Last Minute Resistance"". A crossover starting on ""Chicago Fire"" and concluding on ""Chicago PD"" aired on January 3, 2017. A three-way crossover between ""Chicago Fire"", ""Chicago PD"" and the premiere of ""Chicago Justice"" aired on March 1, 2017, with heavy involvement from ""Chicago Med"". The

"Chicago (franchise)"
four shows. Dick Wolf has stated that most episodes in the franchise will end with a scene at Molly's, saying that ""it's a great note on the end of every show that connects all the shows"". In Fall 2018, NBC switched all three shows into consecutive time slots on Wednesday, beginning with ""Chicago Med"" at 8:00pm (ET). ""Chicago Fire"" follows the firefighters, paramedics, and rescue squad members of Chicago Fire Department Firehouse 51. ""Chicago P.D."" follows the uniformed patrol officers and detectives of the Chicago Police Department's 21st District. The ""Chicago Fire"" episode ""Let Her Go"" serves as the backdoor

Chicago Fire (TV series) Chicago Fire is an American action-drama television series created by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas with Dick Wolf as executive producer. It is the first installment of Dick Wolf's ""Chicago"" franchise. The series premiered on NBC on October 10, 2012. The show follows the firefighters and paramedics working at Firehouse 51 of the Chicago Fire Department, home of Truck Company 81, Engine Company 51, Battalion 25, Squad Company 3, and Ambulance 61, as they risk their lives to save and protect the citizens of Chicago. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a seventh

subscription. Season 4 is available on NBC.com and the NBC app with a cable subscription. All episodes are available from electronic sell-through platforms such as iTunes, Amazon Instant Video, and Vudu. In Canada, the series airs on Global with season seven airing on Fridays, two days later than the NBC air date. Chicago Fire (TV series) Chicago Fire is an American action-drama television series created by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas with Dick Wolf as executive producer. It is the first installment of Dick Wolf's ""Chicago"" franchise. The series premiered on NBC on October 10, 2012. The show follows the

premiered on January 8, 2014. The show follows an Intelligence Unit of the police and is filmed entirely in Chicago. The main cast includes Jason Beghe, Jon Seda, Sophia Bush, Jesse Lee Soffer, Patrick Flueger, Elias Koteas, Marina Squerciati, LaRoyce Hawkins and Archie Kao. In February 2015, NBC announced plans to make another spinoff, the medical drama ""Chicago Med"". A special backdoor pilot episode of the show aired during ""Chicago Fire's"" third season. On May 1, 2015, ""Chicago Med"" was officially ordered to a series, starring Oliver Platt, S. Epatha Merkerson, Nick Gehlfuss, Yaya DaCosta, Torrey DeVitto, Rachel DiPillo, Marlyne

"Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)"
season 7 reboot. Molly Ephraim and Flynn Morrison both opted not to return for the new season, with Fox announcing their roles (""Mandy"" and ""Boyd"", respectively) would be recast ahead of season 7. On August 6, 2018, it was announced that Molly McCook and Jet Jurgensmeyer would be taking over the roles of Mandy and Boyd, respectively. The article also stated that Kaitlyn Dever, who recently signed on to play a lead role in the 2019 Netflix miniseries ""Unbelievable"", will return as ""Eve"" in a recurring role only. For the seventh season, the show airs in the same Friday night

by Amanda Fuller in season 2. On June 19, 2012, it was also announced that twins Luke and Evan Kruntchev, who played the role of Boyd in season 1, would not be returning; they were replaced by Flynn Morrison in season 2. The character of Boyd was also age-advanced from two years old to five years old. Jordan Masterson plays Ryan, Boyd's father, in a recurring role beginning in season 2. The role was previously played by Nick Jonas, who guest-starred in one episode in season 1. The second season initially received a 13-episode order. ABC announced on November 12,

"Kaitlyn Dever"
Kaitlyn Dever Kaitlyn Dever (; born December 21, 1996) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Gwen Thompson in """", Loretta McCready in ""Justified"", Eve Baxter in ""Last Man Standing"" on ABC (2011–2017) and FOX (2018), and Jayden Cole in ""Short Term 12"". Dever was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to Kathy and Tim Dever. At the age of five, she began her interest in the performing arts with her parents sending her to an acting school. She also participated in gymnastics, ballet and skating, until she focused on acting. Her family then moved to Dallas, Texas,

Grace Moretz and Keira Knightley. The same year, she co-starred in the film ""Men, Women & Children"", directed by Jason Reitman. Dever will star as Dilly Picket in the upcoming drama-thriller film ""Them That Follow"". Kaitlyn Dever Kaitlyn Dever (; born December 21, 1996) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Gwen Thompson in """", Loretta McCready in ""Justified"", Eve Baxter in ""Last Man Standing"" on ABC (2011–2017) and FOX (2018), and Jayden Cole in ""Short Term 12"". Dever was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to Kathy and Tim Dever. At the age of five, she began

"Alexandra Krosney"
Alexandra Krosney Alexandra Benjamin Krosney (born January 28, 1988) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Kristin Baxter on the ABC sitcom ""Last Man Standing"" during the show's first season. Some of Krosney's other television roles include ""Bones"", ""Lost"", ""Cory in the House"", ""ER"", ""Nikita"", ""Numb3rs"", ""NCIS"" and the computer animated series """". Krosney also appeared in the television films such as the Disney Channel Original Movie ""Read It and Weep"", Nickelodeon original movies ""Shredderman Rules"" and ""The Last Day of Summer"". From 2011 to 2012, she co-starred in the ABC sitcom ""Last Man Standing""

starring Tim Allen. On June 11, 2012, it was announced that Krosney was let go from the sitcom for unspecified creative reasons. The role has been played by Amanda Fuller from season 2 onward. Alexandra Krosney Alexandra Benjamin Krosney (born January 28, 1988) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Kristin Baxter on the ABC sitcom ""Last Man Standing"" during the show's first season. Some of Krosney's other television roles include ""Bones"", ""Lost"", ""Cory in the House"", ""ER"", ""Nikita"", ""Numb3rs"", ""NCIS"" and the computer animated series """". Krosney also appeared in the television films such

"Last Man Standing (1996 film)"
Last Man Standing (1996 film) Last Man Standing is a 1996 American action thriller film written and directed by Walter Hill and starring Bruce Willis, Christopher Walken and Bruce Dern. It is a credited remake of Akira Kurosawa's ""Yojimbo"". In 1932 Prohibition-era Texas, aimless wanderer John Smith (Bruce Willis) drives his Ford Model A Coupe into the small bordertown of Jericho. As he arrives, a young woman named Felina (Karina Lombard) crosses the street, catching Smith's eye. Moments later, a group of Irish mobsters, led by Finn (Patrick Kilpatrick), surround Smith's car. They warn him against staring at ""Doyle's property""

Group, later hinted that the return of ""Last Man Standing"" was in part a response to the huge success of the ""Roseanne"" reboot on ABC earlier in 2018: ""Obviously, I think everyone took a good, hard look at the performance of ""Roseanne"". It did so well, and it certainly did remind us that we have a huge, iconic comedy star in our Fox family in Tim Allen."" On July 2, Fox announced that, in addition to Allen, series regulars Nancy Travis, Amanda Fuller, Hector Elizondo, Christoph Sanders, Jordan Masterson and Jonathan Adams had all signed on to appear in the

"Last Man Standing (season 7)"
Last Man Standing (season 7) The seventh season of the American television comedy series ""Last Man Standing"" premiered on Fox on September 28, 2018. The season is produced by 21 Laps-Adelstein Productions. ""Last Man Standing"" previously aired on ABC before being cancelled after six seasons in May 2017. However, Fox picked up the series for a seventh season a year later in May 2018. This season saw changes to the series' main cast. Molly Ephraim and Flynn Morrison, who play Mandy Baxter and Boyd Baxter respectively, exited the series. The roles were later recast with Molly McCook and Jet Jurgensmeyer

"Last Girl Standing"
News"" was negative in it assessment of the film, winding up in its review with ""it's a foregone conclusion that it can be labeled ""adequately skip-worthy""."" Last Girl Standing Last Girl Standing is a 2015 American psychological horror film written and directed by Benjamin R. Moody. It stars Akasha Villalobos, Danielle Evon Ploeger, and Brian Villalobos. Camryn survives an attack from a homicidal killer wearing a deer mask, later dubbed The Hunter, which claims the lives of her friends. Four years later, she is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, and trying to live a quiet life – working in a

"El Dorado (1966 film)"
young gambler, Charlene Holt, Ed Asner, Paul Fix, Arthur Hunnicutt, Michele Carey, and Christopher George. ""El Dorado"" was filmed on location in Tucson, Arizona and Kanab, Utah, and was shot in Technicolor. The paintings in the credits are by artist Olaf Wieghorst, who makes a brief appearance as Swede Larsen in the film. The musical score was composed by Nelson Riddle. Paramount Pictures delayed the release of the film in the United States to avoid competing against another Paramount film, ""Nevada Smith"" with Steve McQueen. The film was first released in Japan on December 17, 1966, and was finally released

"Margaret Hayes"
signed with Paramount Pictures. Hayes was often billed as Maggie Hayes in her film credits. She is perhaps best known for her role as Lois Judby Hammond in the 1955 film ""Blackboard Jungle"", which starred Glenn Ford. In 1956, she guest-starred as Dora Hand in three episodes of ""The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp"". She appeared in the episode ""The San Saba Incident"" (October 18, 1957) of ""Trackdown"", playing a female convict, named Abby Lindon. Hayes' films included ""The Glass Key"", ""Sullivan's Travels"" and ""Good Day for a Hanging"". In 1958, in the film ""Damn Citizen"", Hayes appeared opposite

"Rio Rita (1942 film)"
their cohorts. Doc (Bud Abbott) and Wishy (Lou Costello) are stowaways in Montera's car, who steal a basket of ""apples"" that turn out being miniature radios used by the spies. Rita Winslow (Kathryn Grayson), the hotel's owner and childhood sweetheart of Montera, hire Doc and Wishy as house detectives, who discover the Nazi codebook and give it to Montera. They are then kidnapped by the spies, and left in a room with a bomb set to explode, but manage to escape while Wishy plants the bomb in the pocket of one of the culprits. Meanwhile, the broadcast has already begun

"Buffalo Girls"
the settling of the West. In an effort to adapt and relive the Wild West, many of the characters, along with Calamity Jane, resort to performing in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show. They exploit and are exploited by their frontier lifestyle, before being defeated by it in the end. ""Buffalo Girls"" was later the basis for the 1995 CBS made-for-TV movie starring Anjelica Huston as Calamity Jane and Melanie Griffith as Dora DuFran. Wild Bill Hickock was played by Sam Elliott, Annie Oakley by Reba McEntire, and Buffalo Bill Cody by Peter Coyote. The film also included Gabriel Byrne,

"Cyd Charisse"
Arts and Humanities, the highest official U.S. honor available in the arts. Features: Short subjects: Television: Cyd Charisse Tula Ellice Charisse (née Finklea; March 8, 1922 – June 17, 2008), known professionally as Cyd Charisse, was an American dancer and actress. After recovering from polio as a child and studying ballet, Charisse entered films in the 1940s. Her roles usually focused on her abilities as a dancer, and she was paired with Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly; her films include ""Singin' in the Rain"" (1952), ""The Band Wagon"" (1953), ""Brigadoon"" with Gene Kelly and Van Johnson (1954) and ""Silk Stockings""

"Jessica Tandy"
Jessica Tandy Jessica Tandy (born Jessie Alice Tandy; 7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English stage and film actress best known for her Academy Award winning performance in the film ""Driving Miss Daisy"". Tandy appeared in over 100 stage productions and had more than 60 roles in film and TV. Born in London to Jessie Helen Horspool and commercial traveller Harry Tandy, she was only 18 when she made her professional debut on the London stage in 1927. During the 1930s, she appeared in a large number of plays in London's West End, playing roles such as

"Dorothy Dandridge"
Dorothy Dandridge Dorothy Jean Dandridge (November 9, 1922 – September 8, 1965) was an American film and theatre actress, singer, and dancer. She is perhaps one of the most famous African-American actresses to have a successful Hollywood career and the first nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1954 film ""Carmen Jones"". Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the Cotton Club and the Apollo Theater. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later The Dandridge Sisters, and appeared in a succession of films, usually in

El Dorado (1966 film) El Dorado is a 1966 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne and Robert Mitchum. Written by Leigh Brackett and loosely based on the novel ""The Stars in Their Courses"" by Harry Brown, the film is about a gunfighter who comes to the aid of an old friend—a drunken sheriff struggling to defend a rancher and his family against another rancher trying to steal their water. The gunfighter and drunken sheriff are helped by an aging Indian fighter and a young gambler. The supporting cast features James Caan as the

Cyd Charisse Tula Ellice Charisse (née Finklea; March 8, 1922 – June 17, 2008), known professionally as Cyd Charisse, was an American dancer and actress. After recovering from polio as a child and studying ballet, Charisse entered films in the 1940s. Her roles usually focused on her abilities as a dancer, and she was paired with Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly; her films include ""Singin' in the Rain"" (1952), ""The Band Wagon"" (1953), ""Brigadoon"" with Gene Kelly and Van Johnson (1954) and ""Silk Stockings"" (1957). She stopped dancing in films in the late 1950s, but continued acting in film and

"El Dorado, Kansas"
was filmed in part in El Dorado. It featured Burt Lancaster, Deborah Kerr, Gene Hackman, William Windom and Bonnie Bedelia. The City of El Dorado maintains an extensive parks and recreation system, including: 12 neighborhood parks, 12 playgrounds, 5 soccer fields, 4 baseball fields, 4 softball fields, 2 spray parks, 2 pools, 2 tennis courts, 2 outdoor basketball courts, a baseball stadium, an 18-hole golf course, an 18-hole disc golf course, and a 6.3 mile bike path. In addition, the community boasts a new athletic complex. The venue was completed in 2012 by the Educational Facilities Authority of Butler County,

"Isle of Dogs (film)"
the film, with plans for a 2018 release. A trailer was released on September 21, 2017. The film premiered as the opening film of the 68th Berlin International Film Festival on February 15, 2018, and had its North American premiere as the closing film of the SXSW Film Festival in Austin, Texas, on March 17, 2018. ""Isle of Dogs"" began a limited release in the U.S. on March 23, 2018. It was released nationwide in the United States on April 13, 2018. ""Isle of Dogs"" was released on digital on June 26, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on July

Isle of Dogs (film) A US–German co-production, ""Isle of Dogs"" was produced by Indian Paintbrush and Anderson's own production company, American Empirical Pictures, in association with Studio Babelsberg. The film opened the 68th Berlin International Film Festival, where Anderson was awarded the Silver Bear for Best Director. It was given a limited release in the United States on March 23, 2018, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, and went on wide release on April 13. It has grossed over $64 million worldwide, and received praise for its animation, story, and deadpan humor. A manga adaptation of the film by Minetarō Mochizuki was

17, 2018. In its first weekend of limited release, the film made $1.57 million from 27 theaters (an average of $58,148 per venue). It was the best per-theater average of 2018 until it was overtaken by ""Eighth Grade"" in July. Sixty percent of its audience was under the age of 30. In its second weekend the film made $2.8 million from 165 theaters (an increase of 74 percent), finishing 11th. The film entered the top 10 in its third weekend, making $4.6 million from 554 theaters. The film expanded to 1,939 theaters the following week and made $5 million, finishing

published in 2018, beginning with the May 24 issue of ""Weekly Morning"". It received Golden Globes nominations for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Score at the 76th Golden Globe Awards. In a dystopian near-future Japan, an influenza virus spreads throughout the canine population, with a risk of crossing to humans. The 6-term authoritarian mayor of Megasaki City, Kenji Kobayashi, signs a decree banishing all dogs to Trash Island, despite a scientist named Professor Watanabe insisting he is close to finding a cure for the dog flu. The first dog to be exiled is Spots, a white and black-speckled

films of Akira Kurosawa, as well as the stop-motion animated holiday specials made by Rankin/Bass Productions. Production began in October 2016 at the 3 Mills Studios in East London. The animation department included a number of people who had worked on ""Fantastic Mr. Fox"". 20,000 faces and animatable 1,105 puppets were crafted by ""12 sculptors working six days a week"" for the film. 2,000 more puppets were made for background characters. The detailed puppets of the main characters took an average of two to three months to create. On December 23, 2016, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired worldwide distribution rights to

"Rock Dog"
between June 11 and June 19, 2016. It was released in China on July 8, 2016. In the United States, the film was theatrically released on February 24, 2017, by Lionsgate through its Summit Premiere label. ""Rock Dog"" was released on Digital HD on May 9, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on May 23, 2017. ""Rock Dog"" grossed $9.4 million in the United States and $11.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $20.8 million, against a production budget of $60 million. In the United States, ""Rock Dog"" was released alongside ""Collide"" and ""Get Out"", and was

"Show Dogs"
million in the United States and Canada, and $20.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $38.8 million. In the United States and Canada, ""Show Dogs"" was released on May 18, 2018 alongside ""Deadpool 2"" and ""Book Club"", and was projected to gross $7–9 million from 3,145 theaters in its opening weekend. It ended up debuting to $6 million, finishing sixth at the box office. It dropped 49% in its second weekend to $3.1 million, finishing seventh. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 17% based on 60 reviews with an average

"Dog Days (2018 film)"
and Erica Oyama, with Mickey Liddell, Jennifer Monroe and Pete Shilaimon producing under their LD Entertainment banner. In September 2017, Finn Wolfhard, Vanessa Hudgens, Tone Bell, Adam Pally, Eva Longoria, and Jon Bass joined the cast of the film. In October 2017, Tig Notaro, Rob Corddry, Michael Cassidy, Jasmine Cephas Jones, Ron Cephas Jones, John Gemberling, Ryan Hansen, Thomas Lennon, Lauren Lapkus, Jessica Lowe, Toks Olagundoye, Jessica St. Clair and David Wain joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in October 2017, in Los Angeles, California. The film is scheduled to be released on August 8, 2018, by

"War Dogs (2016 film)"
or based on other events, such as screenwriter Stephen Chin's own experiences. The film stars Jonah Hill, Miles Teller, Ana de Armas, and Bradley Cooper, who also co-produced. Filming began on March 2, 2015 in Romania. The film premiered in New York City on August 3, 2016 and was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures on August 19, 2016. The title was chosen by imitating SPC Austin Smith, who first used the term after having heard Collin Stark utter the phrase in casual conversation. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $86 million. Hill received a Golden Globe

"The House (2017 film)"
film began on September 14, 2015, in Los Angeles. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is credited as executive producer. ""The House"" was released on June 30, 2017, by Warner Bros. The original date was June 2, 2017. ""The House"" grossed $25.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $8.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $34.2 million, against a production budget of $40 million. In North America, ""The House"" opened alongside ""Despicable Me 3"" and ""Baby Driver"", as well as the wide expansion of ""The Beguiled"", and was projected to gross $10–14 million from 3,134 theaters in

"Nancy Cartwright"
Nancy Cartwright Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series ""The Simpsons"". Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database. Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio. Cartwright moved to Hollywood in 1978 and trained alongside voice actor Daws Butler. Her first professional role was voicing Gloria in the animated series ""Richie Rich"", which she followed with a starring role in the television movie ""Marian Rose White"" (1982) and her first feature

"Yeardley Smith"
Yeardley Smith Martha Maria Yeardley Smith (;) is an American actress, writer and artist, best known for her long-running role as Lisa Simpson on the animated television series ""The Simpsons"". She was born in Paris on July 3, 1964 and moved with her family to Washington, D.C., in 1966. As a child, Smith was often teased because of her voice. She became a professional actress in 1982 after graduating from drama school and moved to New York City in 1984, where she appeared in the Broadway production of Tom Stoppard's ""The Real Thing"". She made her film debut in 1985's

"Hank Azaria"
""Determined to Succeed"". Hank Azaria Henry Albert Azaria ( ; born April 25, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and producer best known for his voice characterizations of a variety of characters in the animated television sitcom ""The Simpsons"" (1989–present), which include Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Chief Wiggum, the Comic Book Guy, Carl Carlson and others. After attending Tufts University, he joined the series with little voice acting experience, but became a regular in its second season, with many of his performances on the show being based on famous actors and characters. In addition to his work on

"The Simpsons Movie"
animation for around a quarter of the film under Silverman's supervision, with numerous other animators working on scenes. For inspiration for the crowd scenes in the film, the production staff referenced a poster featuring more than 320 ""Simpsons"" characters. Groening said they tried to include every single character in the film, with 98 having speaking parts, and most members of the crowds being previously established characters instead of generic people. The series' regular voice actors: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer, as well as semi-regular performers Tress MacNeille, Pamela Hayden, Marcia Wallace, Maggie

paint by copying other artists. The book ""Just Humor Me"" includes a story, ""The Race"", written by Smith. She has written a children's book, ""I, Lorelei"", which was published by HarperCollins in February 2009. In 2011, Smith launched a women's shoe line called Marchez Vous. Yeardley Smith Martha Maria Yeardley Smith (;) is an American actress, writer and artist, best known for her long-running role as Lisa Simpson on the animated television series ""The Simpsons"". She was born in Paris on July 3, 1964 and moved with her family to Washington, D.C., in 1966. As a child, Smith was often

"Maggie Roswell"
Maggie Roswell Maggie Roswell (born November 14, 1952) is an American actress from Los Angeles, California. She is well known for her voice work on the Fox network's animated television series ""The Simpsons"", in which she has played recurring characters such as Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and Luann Van Houten, as well as several minor characters. This work has earned her both an Emmy Award nomination and an Annie Award nomination. Maggie Roswell made her acting break-through in the 1980s with appearances in films such as ""Midnight Madness"" (1980), ""Lost in America"" (1985), and ""Pretty in Pink"" (1986),

"The Simpsons"
per episode. In addition to the main cast, Pamela Hayden, Tress MacNeille, Marcia Wallace, Maggie Roswell, and Russi Taylor voice supporting characters. From 1999 to 2002, Roswell's characters were voiced by Marcia Mitzman Gaven. Karl Wiedergott has also appeared in minor roles, but does not voice any recurring characters. Wiedergott left the show in 2010, and since then Chris Edgerly has appeared regularly to voice minor characters. Repeat ""special guest"" cast members include Albert Brooks, Phil Hartman, Jon Lovitz, Joe Mantegna, Maurice LaMarche, and Kelsey Grammer. Following Hartman's death in 1998, the characters he voiced (Troy McClure and Lionel Hutz)

Theatre on Sunday nights with The Sirens. Maggie Roswell Maggie Roswell (born November 14, 1952) is an American actress from Los Angeles, California. She is well known for her voice work on the Fox network's animated television series ""The Simpsons"", in which she has played recurring characters such as Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and Luann Van Houten, as well as several minor characters. This work has earned her both an Emmy Award nomination and an Annie Award nomination. Maggie Roswell made her acting break-through in the 1980s with appearances in films such as ""Midnight Madness"" (1980), ""Lost in

"Bart Simpson"
Bart Simpson Bartholomew JoJo ""Bart"" Simpson is a fictional character in the American animated television series ""The Simpsons"" and part of the Simpson family. He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and first appeared on television in ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" short ""Good Night"" on April 19, 1987. Cartoonist Matt Groening created and designed Bart while waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip, ""Life in Hell"", but instead decided to create a new set of characters. While the rest of the characters were named

"Rob Gardner (musician)"
by Nickey Alexander. Hollywood Rose reunited for a New Year's Eve concert in 1985, joined by Gardner and Tracii Guns. L.A. Guns would merge with Hollywood Rose, combining their names to become Guns N' Roses. The first lineup consisted of Gardner, Rose, Guns, Stradlin and Beich. Duff McKagan replaced Beich and booked shows taking place between Sacramento and Seattle, which was dubbed ""The Hell Tour"". During this time, Gardner quit the group and was replaced by Steven Adler. Rob Gardner (musician) Robert Gardner (born March 26, 1965) is an American musician best known as the drummer for the original lineups

"Axl Rose"
Rose then criticized Widodo for ""ignoring the international outcry"" after the executions took place. Rose's Twitter page has garnered mainstream attention for his criticism of various figures in the Trump administration, as well as other figures such as Apple CEO Tim Cook. Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to

"Axl Rose"
Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to Guns N' Roses, he has been the temporary lead singer of AC/DC to finish the tour after Brian Johnson had to stop due to health issues. Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets,

Rob Gardner (musician) Robert Gardner (born March 26, 1965) is an American musician best known as the drummer for the original lineups of L.A. Guns and Guns N' Roses, and was also the backup drummer for Hollywood Rose. Gardner was born in Manhattan, New York. His parents divorced when he was young and both had remarried. His father would move to Los Angeles, California in 1972, while his mother remained in New York. Gardner moved to live with his father and attended Fairfax High in 1979, where he met future L.A. Guns members Mike Jagosz and Tracy Ulrich. He also

"Matt Sorum"
virtual stages. On October 12, 2013 Matt married his longtime girlfriend Ace Harper in Palm Springs, California. In a 2014 interview, Sorum stated that he became a vegetarian. Matt Sorum Matthew William Sorum (born November 19, 1960) is an American drummer and percussionist. He is best known as both a former member of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he recorded three studio albums, and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver. Sorum is currently a member of the touring project, Kings of Chaos, and is a former member of both The Cult and Y Kant

"Dizzy Reed"
Gunn-Reed, born in 1988. In 2005, Reed took the unusual step of seeking admission to a college fraternity well after the traditional age of inductees, and on January 22, 2006 was admitted to the Cornell University chapter of Zeta Psi. Dizzy Reed Darren Arthur Reed (born June 18, 1963), better known by his stage name Dizzy Reed, is an American musician and occasional actor. He is best known as the keyboardist for the rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has played, toured, and recorded since 1990. Aside from lead singer Axl Rose, Reed is the longest-standing, and was

"Guns N' Roses"
Cooper throughout the second half of 1987. During the 1987 tour, drummer Steven Adler broke his hand in a fight, and was replaced for 8 shows by Cinderella drummer Fred Coury. Bassist Duff McKagan missed several shows in May 1988 to attend his wedding; Kid ""Haggis"" Chaos from The Cult filled in. Don Henley of the Eagles played drums for the band during the 1989 AMA show while Adler was in rehab. The band proceeded to tour the United States, Australia and Japan, while serving as opening acts on North America shows by Iron Maiden and Aerosmith. Tim Collins, Aerosmith's

broke his leg at a concert. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T-Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. At the performance at the first weekend of Coachella, AC/DC guitarist Angus Young joined the band on stage (Rose was set to join AC/DC as a touring vocalist). During the band's show of July 6, 2016, in Cincinnati, former drummer Steven Adler joined the band on drums for ""Out ta Get Me"" and ""My Michelle"". It was the first time since 1990 that Adler performed with the group. Adler was originally

"Brian Tichy"
Brian Tichy Brian Tichy (born August 18, 1968), is an American musician, songwriter and record producer, best known as having been the drummer for Whitesnake, Billy Idol, Foreigner, and Ozzy Osbourne. He was the drummer of Whitesnake from 2010 to 2013. Tichy began playing drums at age eight and started playing guitar at age 12. His earliest influences include Kiss with Peter Criss as his main influence, Led Zeppelin, Iron Maiden with Nicko McBrain, Aerosmith, AC/DC, and Van Halen. His surname means ""silent"" in Czech and Slovak. In 2015, he became a full-time member of and The Dead Daisies. Since

Not in This Lifetime... Tour. The tour's name is a reference to a 2012 interview in which Rose, when asked about when a potential reunion would happen, responded ""not in this lifetime"". A previously unannounced warmup gig at the Troubadour in Los Angeles took place on April 1, 2016. Melissa Reese, who has previously worked with former drummer Bryan Mantia on several projects, replaced Chris Pitman as the second keyboardist. During the show at the Troubadour, Rose fell off a monitor and broke his foot. Rose was given Dave Grohl's customized throne that Grohl had used to perform when he

"Evil eye"
many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan,Maldives, parts of North India, Palestine, Morocco, southern Spain, Italy, Malta, Romania, the Balkans, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists. Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and

"Evil eye"
it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble. The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or ""vaskania"" () is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the ""Megan Hieron Synekdemon"" () book of prayers. The cornicello, ""little horn"", also called the ""cornetto"" (""little horn"", plural ""cornetti""), is a long,

"Evil eye"
envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book ""The Evil Eye"" by folklorist Alan Dundes, the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands

"Evil eye"
Latin America, carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms. The wielder of the evil eye, the ""jettatore"", is described as having a striking facial appearance, high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes. He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices. Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori. Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye, and a

"Evil eye"
Evil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called ""evil eyes"". The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it. The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures, primarily in West Asia. The idea appears multiple times in Jewish rabbinic literature. It was a widely extended belief among

"Evil eye"
with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters. In most languages, the name translates literally into English as ""bad eye"", ""evil eye"", ""evil look"", or just ""the Eye"". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are: Evil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called ""evil

"Evil eye"
to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason. The evil eye, or ""al-’ayn"" , is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say """"TabarakAllah"""" () (""Blessings of God"") or """"Masha'Allah"""" () (""God has willed it"") to ward off the

Alexicacus
Alexicacus Alexicacus (Ancient Greek: ), the ""averter of evil"", was an epithet given by the Ancient Greeks to several deities, such as Zeus, and Apollo, who was worshiped under this name by the Athenians, because he was believed to have stopped the plague which raged at Athens in the time of the Peloponnesian War. It was also applied to Heracles. There is a statue of Apollo in the Museo delle Terme in Rome, a Roman copy of a Greek original, that is thought to be a copy of the statue of Apollo Alexicacus by Calamis that stood in the Ceramicus

"Evil eye"
say ""Masha'Allah"", that is, ""God has willed it"", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired. A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection. In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally. Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by

"Evil eye"
afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to ""I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye."" Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but

"Battle of Stirling Bridge"
Battle of Stirling Bridge The Battle of Stirling Bridge was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence. On 11 September 1297, the forces of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth. The Earl of Surrey had won a victory over the aristocracy of Scotland at the Battle of Dunbar. However, by August 1297 Moray and Wallace controlled almost all of Scotland north of the Forth, except for Dundee. Surrey marched north with an army from Wicker to

because Warenne had overslept. The Scots arrived first and camped on Abbey Craig, which dominated the soft flat ground north of the river. The English force of English, Welsh and Scots knights, bowmen and foot soldiers camped south of the river. Sir Richard Lundie, a Scots knight who joined the English after the Capitulation of Irvine, offered to outflank the enemy by leading a cavalry force over a ford two miles upstream, where sixty horsemen could cross at the same time. Hugh de Cressingham, King Edward's treasurer in Scotland, persuaded the Earl to reject this advice and order a direct

"Battle of Stirling (1648)"
were William Campbell of Glenfalloch, and Sir Colin Campbell of Ardkinglas, both killed in action. Dougal MacTavish who was a younger son of John MacTavish, 12th chief of Clan MacTavish, who in turn were a sept of the Clan Campbell, was also killed during the battle. The chief of Clan MacTavish having lost most of his arms in the battle (sword and musket), the Marquess of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, provided him with new weapons. Outside Stirling the Earl of Lanark had a force of 4,000 horse and 6,000 foot. Argyll's General David Leslie commanded 3,000 horse and 8,000

various areas of the town and his main force joined him to dine at the Earl of Mar's residence. Argyll had barely begun his meal when the Earl of Lanark's advance forces, commanded by Sir George Munro, 1st of Newmore, a Highlander, came into the Deer Park (now the King's Park). Argyll then mounted his horse and galloped over Stirling Bridge to seek safety. While making his escape he came under fire from Stirling Castle which had not yet surrendered to Argyll and was still flying the King's colours. Having learned that Argyll was in Stirling, Sir George Munro moved

of the Three Kingdoms. By this time, the Presbyterian Covenanter movement had defeated the Scottish Royalists, who favoured unconditional loyalty to King Charles I. The Independent party in the English Parliament and the English New Model Army posed a threat to the Solemn League and Covenant and the aspirations of the Scots and the English Presbyterians to secure a Presbyterian church north and south of the border. One faction of the Covenanters entered into an engagement with Charles I who agreed to sign the National Covenant in exchange for Scottish help to him and the English Presbyterians against the English

from the head to the heel, to make therewith a baldrick for his sword"". Wallace went on to lead a destructive raid into northern England which did little to advance the Scots objectives, however the raids frightened the English army and stalled their advance. By March 1298 he had emerged as Guardian of Scotland. His glory was brief, for King Edward was coming north from Flanders. The two men finally met on the field of Falkirk in the summer of 1298, where Wallace was defeated. The exploits of Wallace were passed on to posterity mainly in the form of tales

Earl of Lanark, younger brother of the Duke of Hamilton, had been left to defend Scotland against Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, a covenanter and a leading member of the Kirk party who was now in open rebellion against the Scottish parliament, over their Engagement with King Charles. The nucleus of the Marquis of Argyll's force amounted to about 300 men, who were joined by another 400 on the way to Stirling. He was also joined by a further 300 militiamen when he arrived in Stirling on the morning of September 12, 1648. His men were assigned to guard

Battle of Stirling (1648) The second Battle of Stirling was fought on the 12th September 1648 during the Scottish Civil War of the 17th century. The battle was fought between the Engagers who were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters under the command of George Munro, 1st of Newmore and who had made ""The Engagement"" with Charles I of England in December 1647, against the Kirk Party who were a radical Presbyterian faction of the Scottish Covenanters who were under the command of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll. The Battle of Stirling in 1648 was part of the War

forces. On 27 September 1648 the Treaty of Stirling was agreed and led to the end of Engager dominance of Scotland. Battle of Stirling (1648) The second Battle of Stirling was fought on the 12th September 1648 during the Scottish Civil War of the 17th century. The battle was fought between the Engagers who were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters under the command of George Munro, 1st of Newmore and who had made ""The Engagement"" with Charles I of England in December 1647, against the Kirk Party who were a radical Presbyterian faction of the Scottish Covenanters who were

foot also outside Stirling. It is interesting to speculate what sort of battle would have taken place the next day had it not been for Munro's initiative on the morning of the 12th September 1648. Munro urged Lanark to continue fighting after the battle and attack David Leslie's forces, but he was overruled and negotiations for peace began on the 15th September. Both sides agreed to disband their forces by the 29th September 1648. Shortly after this battle the armies of the Earl of Lanark and the Marquess of Argyll, which was commanded by David Leslie, made peace and joined

"Pride and Prejudice"
October 1796 and August 1797. On 1 November 1797 Austen's father sent a letter to London bookseller Thomas Cadell to ask if he had any interest in seeing the manuscript, but the offer was declined by return post. The militia were mobilised after the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, and there was initially a lack of barracks for all the militia regiments, requiring the militia to set up huge camps in the countryside, which the novel refers to several times. The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in

Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice is an 1813 romantic novel by Jane Austen. It charts the emotional development of protagonist Elizabeth Bennet, who learns the error of making hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between the superficial and the essential. The comedy of the writing lies in the depiction of manners, education, marriage, and money during the British Regency period. Mr. Bennet of the Longbourn estate has five daughters, but his property is entailed, meaning that none of the girls can inherit it. His wife has no fortune, so it is imperative that at least one of

Egerton published the first edition of ""Pride and Prejudice"" in three hardcover volumes on 27 January 1813. It was advertised in ""The Morning Chronicle"", priced at 18s. Favourable reviews saw this edition sold out, with a second edition published in November that year. A third edition was published in 1817. Foreign language translations first appeared in 1813 in French; subsequent translations were published in German, Danish, and Swedish. ""Pride and Prejudice"" was first published in the United States in August 1832 as ""Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice"". The novel was also included in Richard Bentley's Standard Novel series in

and then transitioning into empirical verifications, it reveals Free Indirect Discourse as a tool that emerged over time as practical means for addressing the physical distinctness of minds. Seen in this way, Free Indirect Discourse is a distinctly literary response to an environmental concern, providing a scientific justification that does not reduce literature to a mechanical extension of biology, but takes its value to be its own original form. Austen began writing the novel after staying at Goodnestone Park in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796. It was originally titled ""First Impressions"", and was written between

Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795. Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for ""First Impressions"" between 1811 and 1812. As nothing remains of the original manuscript, we are reduced to conjecture. From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that ""First Impressions"" was an epistolary novel. She later renamed the story ""Pride and Prejudice"" around about 1811/1812, which she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to Thomas Egerton for

"The Victim of Prejudice"
The Victim of Prejudice The Victim of Prejudice is a novel by the English novelist Mary Hays. Published in 1799, it is Hays' second novel. The novel, depicting the challenges that its protagonist, Mary, encounters throughout her life, underlines the difficulty that women experienced in gaining sufficient means of living and their dependency on men in late 18th century England. As such, the novel was part of a larger grouping of feminist writing that occurred around this time of British history, including the works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Jane Austen, Elizabeth Inchbald and Mary Robinson. The novel remains Hays' most feminist

1833. R W Chapman's scholarly edition of ""Pride and Prejudice"", first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based. The novel was originally published without Austen's name. It was instead written ""By the Author of ""Sense and Sensibility"""". This carried responsibility for Austen, unlike when ""Sense and Sensibility"" was released as being written ""By A Lady"". The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the first months following publication. Anne Isabella Milbanke, later to be the wife of Lord Byron, called it ""the fashionable novel"". Noted critic

"Margaret Holford"
Past"". She also wrote a three-volume novel, ""Warbeck of Wolfstein"", other poems, and a play that was never published or performed. The publication of Holford's novel ""First Impressions"" in 1800 compelled Jane Austen to change the title of her own novel to ""Pride and Prejudice"". Margaret Holford Margaret Holford (1778–1852) was an English poet and translator. Her most successful work was a historical verse romance, ""Wallace, or, The Fight of Falkirk"" (1809). Her mother, also Margaret Holford (1757–1834) was likewise an author, and their works have sometimes been confused in bibliographies. Holford was baptised on 1 June 1778 in Chester

promise to the boys' father; that he should keep them from any acquaintance that might negatively affect their future as men of fashion and wealth. The rest of the novel details the trials that Mary encounters upon the death of her benevolent guardian Mr. Raymond, and her subsequent reliance on the charity of those around her. The Victim of Prejudice The Victim of Prejudice is a novel by the English novelist Mary Hays. Published in 1799, it is Hays' second novel. The novel, depicting the challenges that its protagonist, Mary, encounters throughout her life, underlines the difficulty that women experienced

other of the protagonists; both Elizabeth and Darcy display pride and prejudice."" Although the phrase ""pride and prejudice"" had been used over the preceding two centuries by Joseph Hall, Jeremy Taylor, Joseph Addison and Samuel Johnson, Austen probably took her title from a passage in Fanny Burney's ""Cecilia"" (1782), a popular novel she is known to have admired: A major theme in much of Austen's work is the importance of environment and upbringing in developing young people's character and morality. Social standing and wealth are not necessarily advantages in her world, and a further theme common to Austen's work is

"Junie B. Jones"
Junie B. Jones Junie B. Jones is a children's book series written by Barbara Park and illustrated by Denise Brunkus. Published by Random House from 1992 to 2013, the stories begin with ""Junie B. Jones and the Stupid Smelly Bus"", in which Junie B. is a fictional ""almost six year old"" starting her first day of kindergarten. Aimed at beginning readers, the series centers on Junie B. Jones, a young girl who is just entering kindergarten in the first book in the series, ""Junie B. Jones and the Stupid Smelly Bus"" (1992). In the opening sentences of that book, she

Park where she stated that ""Junie B has been pretty successful already living in the readers' imaginations, so I am happy with that."" Junie B. Jones Junie B. Jones is a children's book series written by Barbara Park and illustrated by Denise Brunkus. Published by Random House from 1992 to 2013, the stories begin with ""Junie B. Jones and the Stupid Smelly Bus"", in which Junie B. is a fictional ""almost six year old"" starting her first day of kindergarten. Aimed at beginning readers, the series centers on Junie B. Jones, a young girl who is just entering kindergarten in

declares, “My name is Junie B. Jones. The B stands for Beatrice. Except I don’t like Beatrice. I just like B and that’s all.” Since the original book was published by Random House in 1992, twenty-eight other Junie B. Jones books have been published. Twenty-seven books belong to the Junie B. Jones Series and there is also a ""Junie B. Jones Journal"". The Junie B. Jones series has also been translated into Spanish and French. Juniper Beatrice ""Junie B."" Jones: The series' title character and main protagonist; a young girl with a friendly, bright, funny, and spirited personality. Junie B.

"Robert E. Howard"
1932, he and his friends took regular excursions across Texas and nearby states. His letters to Lovecraft also contain information about the history and geography he encountered on his journeys. Howard was also a practitioner and fan of boxing, as well as an avid weightlifter. Howard's first published poem was """", in an early 1923 issue of local newspaper ""The Baylor United Statement"". His first published story was ""Spear and Fang"", sold in late November 1924 and published in the July 1925 issue of the pulp magazine ""Weird Tales"". However, Howard's first real success was the Sailor Steve Costigan series

"Early life of Robert E. Howard"
it is of interest to Howard scholars for the personal information it contains. Howard's alter ego in this novel is Steve Costigan, a name he would use more than once in the future. The novel was finished in 1928 but not published until long after his death. ""Weird Tales"" paid on publication, meaning that Howard had no money of his own at this time. To remedy this, he took a job writing oil news for the local newspaper ""Cross Plains Review"" at $5 per column. It was not until July 1925 that Howard received payment for his first printed story.

"Edwin Evans Ewing"
writing poetry. His first published novel, ""The Hag of the Wallowish,"" originally appeared as a serial in ""The Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper"" beginning on October 10, 1849. Ewing based the characters in his novel off of his neighbors, and the ""Wallowish"" represented the Octoraro Creek. In 1868, the story was published by Irwin and Erastus Beadle under the title, ""The Witch of the Wallowish."" Ewing's second novel, called, ""The Bee Hunter,"" was published in 1866. After a trip to Texas in 1856, Ewing wrote about his travel experiences in a series of letters published in the ""Cecil Whig"" of Elkton, Maryland.

"Chiefs (novel)"
Chiefs (novel) Chiefs is the first novel in the ""Will Lee series"" by Stuart Woods. It was first published in 1981 by W. W. Norton & Company. The novel takes place in the fictional town of Delano, Georgia, over three generations, as three different police chiefs attempt to identify a serial killer operating in the area. It is Woods' first published novel. As the author explains in a note, it was inspired by the story of his grandfather's death while serving as a police chief. ""Chiefs"" was made available in e-book format on January 23, 2012. The First Chief: Will

"Bibliography of Barbara Park"
B., First Grader (at Last!)"", the 18th book in the series, was published in 2001. Park also wrote other books for young readers, including ""Skinnybones"", published in 1982, and ""The Graduation of Jake Moon"", published in 2002. Tie-in products include plush dolls, the ""First Ever Junie B-Shirt"" (). Bibliography of Barbara Park Barbara Park, an American author, wrote and published dozens of books for children. Her Junie B. Jones series encompasses 30 books and had collectively sold 55 million copies worldwide as of 2013, according to Park's publisher, Random House. The series started in 1992, with the publication of ""Junie

to accompany the release of ""Kingdom of Skulls"", Scholastic Books published juvenile novelizations of the four scripts written, successively in the order above, by Ryder Windham, Suzanne Weyn, Ryder Windham, and James Luceno. All these books have been reprinted, with ""Raiders of the Lost Ark"" being retitled ""Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark"". While these are the principal titles and authors, there are numerous other volumes derived from the four film properties. From February 1991 through February 1999, twelve original Indiana Jones-themed adult novels were licensed by Lucasfilm, Ltd. and written by three genre authors of the

"Harper Lee"
outside immediately and pick up the pages,"" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name ""Harper Lee"", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as ""Nellie"". Published July 11, 1960, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted ""Best Novel of the Century"" in a poll by the ""Library Journal"". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the

"Pi Day"
the ""month/day"" format). In 1988, the earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies. The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations. On March 12, 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a non-binding resolution (), recognizing March 14, 2009 as National Pi Day. For Pi Day 2010, Google presented a Google Doodle celebrating the holiday, with the word Google laid over images of circles and pi symbols;

"Pi Day"
and for the 30th anniversary in 2018, it was a Dominique Ansel pie with the circumference divided by its diameter. The entire month of March 2014 (3/14) was observed by some as ""Pi Month"". In the year 2015, March 14 was celebrated as ""Super Pi Day"". It had special significance, as the date is written as 3/14/15 in month/day/year format. At 9:26:53, the date and time together represented the first 10 digits of . Pi Day has been observed in many ways, including eating pie, throwing pies and discussing the significance of the number , due to a pun based

"Pi Day"
on the words ""pi"" and ""pie"" being homophones in English (), and the coincidental circular nature of a pie. Massachusetts Institute of Technology has often mailed its application decision letters to prospective students for delivery on Pi Day. Starting in 2012, MIT has announced it will post those decisions (privately) online on Pi Day at exactly 6:28 pm, which they have called ""Tau Time"", to honor the rival numbers pi and tau equally. In 2015, the regular decisions were put online at 9:26 AM, following that year's ""pi minute"". June 28 is ""Two Pi Day"", also known as ""Tau Day"".

"Pi Day"
Pi Day Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant (pi). Pi Day is observed on March 14 (3/14 in the ""month/day"" format) since 3, 1, and 4 are the first three significant digits of . In 2009, the United States House of Representatives supported the designation of Pi Day. Pi Approximation Day is observed on July 22 (22/7 in the ""day/month"" format), since the fraction is a common approximation of, which is accurate to two decimal places and dates from Archimedes. Two Pi Day, also known as Tau Day, is lightly observed on June 28 (6/28 in

Pi
included an error beginning at the 528th digit. The error was detected in 1946 and corrected in 1949. In Carl Sagan's novel ""Contact"" it is suggested that the creator of the universe buried a message deep within the digits of . The digits of have also been incorporated into the lyrics of the song ""Pi"" from the album ""Aerial"" by Kate Bush. In the United States, Pi Day falls on 14 March (written 3/14 in the US style), and is popular among students. and its digital representation are often used by self-described ""math geeks"" for inside jokes among mathematically and

"Larry Shaw (Pi)"
1:59 p.m. with visitors holding a sign with a digit of pi, a pi shrine, eating of pies (fruit and pizza), singing happy birthday to Albert Einstein, and more. Larry Shaw would lead the parade in his red cap with the digits of pi. Pi Day was recognized as a national holiday in 2009 and is internationally celebrated. Also, 2015 was a special year with it being written 3/14/15, calling it ""Pi Day of the Century"". Shaw felt the best thing about Pi Day was making math more accessible, fun for those who may have had problems in school. When

"Pi Day"
2, also known by the Greek letter tau (τ) is a common multiple in mathematical formulae. Some have argued that τ is the more fundamental constant, and that Tau Day should be celebrated instead. Celebrations of this date jokingly suggest eating ""twice the pie"". Princeton, New Jersey, hosts numerous events in a combined celebration of Pi Day and Albert Einstein's birthday, which is also March 14. Einstein lived in Princeton for more than twenty years while working at the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition to pie eating and recitation contests, there is an annual Einstein look-alike contest. Pi Day

Pi
technologically minded groups. Several college cheers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include ""3.14159"". Pi Day in 2015 was particularly significant because the date and time 3/14/15 9:26:53 reflected many more digits of pi. During the 2011 auction for Nortel's portfolio of valuable technology patents, Google made a series of unusually specific bids based on mathematical and scientific constants, including . In 1958 Albert Eagle proposed replacing by (tau), where , to simplify formulas. However, no other authors are known to use in this way. Some people use a different value, , arguing that , as the number of radians

Pi
an average ratio of between the actual length and the direct distance between source and mouth. Piphilology is the practice of memorizing large numbers of digits of , and world-records are kept by the ""Guinness World Records"". The record for memorizing digits of , certified by Guinness World Records, is 70,000 digits, recited in India by Rajveer Meena in 9 hours and 27 minutes on 21 March 2015. In 2006, Akira Haraguchi, a retired Japanese engineer, claimed to have recited 100,000 decimal places, but the claim was not verified by Guinness World Records. One common technique is to memorize a

"Becca Pizzi"
U.S. Marine finished faster than Pizzi. When Pizzi returned home, Belmont held a parade in her honor, and declared February 4 ""Becca Pizzi Day"". She received certificates of accomplishment from the Massachusetts House, Senate, and Governor. U. S. Representative Katherine Clark read a tribute to her into the Congressional Record. The ""Becca Pizzi Family Fun Run"", a 5K run, was named after her, and first run in Belmont on April 10, 2016, by 200 people. The ice cream parlor she manages named a flavor after her, ""Becca 7"", with seven ingredients. She was awarded a ""Globie"" New England sports award

"Official World Golf Ranking"
after winning the WGC Matchplay in March 2016. On February 19, 2017, Dustin Johnson became the 20th player to reach number one in the rankings following his victory at the Genesis Open. He would remain number one for over a year before being overtaken in May 2018 by Justin Thomas, who had won the PGA championship and four other events in 2017. Johnson regained top spot but was overtaken again in September 2018 by Justin Rose, who had finished second at the Open and again in two FedEx Cup playoff events. Rose became the 22nd player to reach number one,

forth between McIlroy and Spieth, due to the way each player's average points (which were almost identical) fluctuated (as their point weightings and events played divisors changed), until, on September 20, both were overtaken by Jason Day, the 2015 PGA Championship winner, who became the 19th world No. 1 with victory in the BMW Championship, his fifth of the season. A week later, Spieth regained the No. 1 spot from Day after winning the Tour Championship (and with it, the FedEx Cup), and concluded 2015 as world No. 1, but Day's continued good form took him back to number one

Tiger Woods holds the record for most weeks in the World Top 10, with 860. He is followed by Ernie Els (788 weeks) and Phil Mickelson (774 weeks). Woods had a record run of 736 consecutive weeks in the top-10 from April 13, 1997 to May 15, 2011 and then had a further run of 124 consecutive weeks in the top-10 from March 25, 2012 to August 3, 2014. The first official ranking list was published prior to the Masters in April 1986, with Bernhard Langer the first world No. 1 ranked player, ahead of Seve Ballesteros, who had topped

will be guaranteed at least one player and the host nation will be guaranteed one player. These are the top 10 ranked golfers and their average ranking points as of December 16, 2018, which is the end of week 50. Since the major revision of the rating method in September 2001, the highest points average as well as the largest lead in points average were set by Tiger Woods on September 16, 2007. After winning the BMW Championship and The Tour Championship in consecutive weeks, he had an average of 24.36 and a lead of 14.73 points over Phil Mickelson.

and the fourth Englishman. Johnson regained the number one position from Rose but was replaced by a new number one for a third time in 2018 on October 21, when Brooks Koepka added victory in the CJ Cup to his two 2018 major titles. A breakdown of the year-end top-100 by nationality. A breakdown of the year-end top-100 by eligibility for the major team competitions: Ryder Cup (USA vs. Europe) and Presidents Cup (USA vs. non-European international team). <nowiki>*Two men tied for 100th place.</nowiki><br> <nowiki>Note: The Presidents Cup was founded in 1994.</nowiki> The table shows the World Rankings of the

period (but never on average points per event); in 1997 Els was top of a similar ""total points"" list. Those were the last occasions on which a player led on ""total"" points but not average points until 2016, when Dustin Johnson similarly had more points in total than the world number one Jason Day. Woods then finished 1998 narrowly ahead of Mark O'Meara even though the latter won two major titles that year while Woods won just once on the PGA Tour. In March 1999, David Duval became world No. 1 after winning The Players Championship, his sixth victory in

money lists on both sides of the Atlantic. However, by the end of March 2013, a resurgent Tiger Woods had returned to the top of the rankings, after adding three PGA Tour wins in 2013 to his three victories from 2012 while McIlroy struggled with his form following equipment changes. Woods then suffered a back injury that sidelined him for the early part of 2014, and in his absence, Adam Scott, winner of the 2013 Masters, became the 17th world No. 1 on May 18, despite not winning an event in 2014 to that date; he would win the following

purely unofficial and not used for any wider purpose (such as inviting players to major tournaments). The first ranking list was published prior to the 1986 Masters Tournament. The top six ranked golfers were: Bernhard Langer, Seve Ballesteros, Sandy Lyle, Tom Watson, Mark O'Meara and Greg Norman. Thus the top three were all European, but there were 31 Americans in the top 50 (compared with 17 at the end of 2010). The method of calculation of the rankings has changed considerably over the years. Initially, the rankings were calculated over a three-year period, with the current year's points multiplied by

"Official Men's Squash World Ranking"
list of players who have achieved the world number one position since February 1975 (active players in green): ""Last update: August, 2018"" Note: Official Men's Squash World Ranking The Official Men's Squash World Ranking is the official world ranking for men's squash. The ranking is to rate the performance level of male professional squash player. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in men's squash tournaments. The rankings are produced monthly. The current world number one is Mohamed El Shorbagy of Egypt. Players competing in PSA tournaments earn ranking points according to how far they

week to secure his No. 1 position and avoid following Tom Lehman as a one-week No. 1. He held the No. 1 position until August 3, when McIlroy regained the top spot by following his Open Championship victory with another at the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational. Following his second-place finish at the 2015 PGA Championship (that followed earlier wins at the Masters and the U.S. Open), Jordan Spieth became the 18th world No. 1 on August 16, 2015, describing it as ""as good a consolation prize as I've ever had"". Over the following three weeks, the No. 1 spot passed back and

"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)"
Alice in Wonderland (2010 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Helena Bonham Carter, Crispin Glover, Matt Lucas and Mia Wasikowska, and features the voices of Alan Rickman, Stephen Fry, Michael Sheen, and Timothy Spall. Loosely inspired by Lewis Carroll's fantasy novels, ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" and ""Through the Looking-Glass"", the film tells the story of a nineteen-year-old Alice Kingsleigh, who is told that she can restore the White Queen to her throne, with the help of

"Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)"
Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film) Alice Through the Looking Glass is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed by James Bobin, written by Linda Woolverton and produced by Tim Burton, Joe Roth, Suzanne Todd, and Jennifer Todd. It is based on the characters created by Lewis Carroll and is the sequel to the 2010 film ""Alice in Wonderland"". The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Mia Wasikowska, Matt Lucas, Rhys Ifans, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen and features the voices of Stephen Fry, Michael Sheen, Timothy Spall, and Alan Rickman. In the film, Alice comes across

"March Hare"
2010 Disney film ""Alice in Wonderland"", voiced by Paul Whitehouse. His full name is Thackery Earwicket; this, however, is not mentioned in the film. In the movie, the March Hare behaves as if constantly nerve-wracked and completely delirious. He is a cook in the film, and the way he eccentrically throws dishes and pots suggests he is an amalgam of both the March Hare and the cook from Lewis Carroll's original book. The March Hare has a strong Scottish accent in this movie, while his friend the Mad Hatter (played by Johnny Depp) switches into a Scottish accent as well

"Gary Sinise"
for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. After Trump insulted John McCain during his campaign, questioning McCain's bravery because he was captured as a prisoner of war, Sinise rebuked Trump. Gary Sinise Gary Alan Sinise (; born March 17, 1955) is an American actor, director and musician. Among other awards, he has won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and has been nominated for an Academy Award. Sinise is known for several memorable roles. These include George Milton in ""Of Mice and Men"", Lieutenant Dan Taylor in ""Forrest Gump"" (for which

"Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)"
The Hatter has been featured in nearly every adaptation of ""Alice in Wonderland"" to date; he is usually the male lead. The character has been portrayed in film by Edward Everett Horton, Sir Robert Helpmann, Martin Short, Peter Cook, Anthony Newley, Ed Wynn, Andrew-Lee Potts, and Johnny Depp. In music videos, the Hatter has been portrayed by Tom Petty, Dero Goi, and Steven Tyler. He has also been portrayed on stage by Nikki Snelson and Katherine Shindle, and on television by John Robert Hoffman, Pip Donaghy and Sebastian Stan. In ballet adaptations, Steven McRae also portrayed him as a mad

announced via ""Variety"" in December 2012. Bobin was first approached about the project while doing post-production work on ""Muppets Most Wanted"". Of being asked, Bobin has said that ""I just couldn't pass it up"", as he has a passion for the works of Lewis Carroll as well as history in general. In July 2013, it was announced that Johnny Depp would return as the Hatter, with Mia Wasikowska's return confirmed the following November. In January 2014 Sacha Baron Cohen joined the cast to play Time. In May 2014, Rhys Ifans joined the cast to play Zanik Hightopp, the Mad Hatter's

"Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?"
""Your Show of Shows"") to the White Rabbit. Harvey Korman brought his take on effete eccentricity to the Mad Hatter. Perhaps most transparently, Zsa Zsa Gabor played a glamorous Queen of Hearts replete with Hungarian accent and a penchant for calling people ""darling"". And perhaps most famously, Sammy Davis, Jr. assayed the Cheshire Cat as a groovy, rockin', swingin' feline beatnik. There were some celebrity cameos too: Fred Flintstone (voiced by Alan Reed speaking, Henry Corden singing) and Barney Rubble (voiced by Mel Blanc) literally play themselves as the Caterpillar, which is re-interpreted as two veteran vaudevillians in a caterpillar

"Cheshire Cat"
drives Alice to try and find a way home even more. In the 1999 television adaptation of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. She acts as an ally and friend to Alice. The Cheshire Cat appears in Walt Disney's 2010 ""Alice in Wonderland"", directed by Tim Burton. British actor Stephen Fry voices the character. In the movie, Cheshire (as he is often called; or sometimes ""Chess"") binds the wound Alice suffered earlier by the Bandersnatch and guides her to Tarrant Hightopp, the Mad Hatter and Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare. He is blamed by the Hatter

On November 22, 2013, it was announced that the sequel will be released on May 27, 2016 and that Bobin would direct the film. Rhys Ifans and Sacha Baron Cohen are featured in the film. On January 21, 2014, the film was again retitled to ""Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass"". The title was later reworked once again to ""Alice Through the Looking Glass"". Alice in Wonderland (2010 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Helena

and choreography will be done by Rob Ashford. The musical is aiming to make its world-premiere in London. On December 7, 2012, ""Variety"" announced the development of a sequel to ""Alice in Wonderland"". Linda Woolverton returned to write a screenplay. On May 31, 2013, James Bobin began talks to direct the sequel under the working title ""Alice in Wonderland: Into the Looking Glass."" Johnny Depp returned as The Hatter, Mia Wasikowska reprised the role of Alice, and Helena Bonham Carter returned as the Red Queen. Several other cast members from the 2010 film also reprised their roles in the sequel.

ATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used ""energy currency"" of cells for all organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P). The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: The formation of ATP from ADP and P is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H) concentration across the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes

the enzyme because of the high concentration of mitochondria in cardiac muscle. The following is a list of humans genes that encode components of ATP synthases: ATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used ""energy currency"" of cells for all organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P). The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: The formation of ATP from ADP and P is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward,

is integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place. The overall structure and the catalytic mechanism of the chloroplast ATP synthase are almost the same as those of the bacterial enzyme. However, in chloroplasts, the proton motive force is generated not by respiratory electron transport chain but by primary photosynthetic proteins. The ATP synthase isolated from bovine (""Bos taurus"") heart mitochondria is, in terms of biochemistry and structure, the best-characterized ATP synthase. Beef heart is used as a source for

chain as a source of energy. The overall process of creating energy in this fashion is termed oxidative phosphorylation. The same process takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the F-part projects into mitochondrial matrix. The consumption of ATP by ATP-synthase pumps proton cations into the matrix. The evolution of ATP synthase is thought to have been modular whereby two functionally independent subunits became associated and gained new functionality. This association appears to have occurred early in evolutionary history, because essentially the same structure and activity of ATP synthase enzymes are

"As You Were (Liam Gallagher album)"
As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) As You Were is the debut solo studio album by English singer and songwriter Liam Gallagher. It was released on 6 October 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. A critical and commercial success, the album debuted at number one in the UK, outselling the rest of the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart combined and achieving gold certification in its first week. It has since been certified platinum in the UK. It also achieved the highest single-week vinyl sales in 20 years, with 16,000. In part for his work on the album, producer Greg

Kurstin also won the 2018 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. The album was announced in June 2017 with the release of the single ""Wall of Glass"". Gallagher also revealed that he would launch his first solo tour of the United States and Canada to support the album's release. Once he completed the lyrics, Liam told NME that he cried his eyes out and thought 'I'm back'. The album's title comes from the sign-off Gallagher typically uses for his Twitter posts. Gallagher worked with producers Greg Kurstin, Andrew Wyatt and Dan Grech-Marguerat on the album, with Kurstin producing

Klaus Voormann, the artist behind the Beatles' ""Revolver"""". The track listing was revealed by Gallagher with the release of the album's second single ""Chinatown"". Notes Credits adapted from liner notes. Musicians Production Design As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) As You Were is the debut solo studio album by English singer and songwriter Liam Gallagher. It was released on 6 October 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. A critical and commercial success, the album debuted at number one in the UK, outselling the rest of the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart combined and achieving gold certification in its first

"As You Are (album)"
his solo career because he, ""wanted to be in a position where he could do whatever I wanted to do with the music."" In an interview, Lancaster told the story of why he decided to cover The Beatles' ""Hey Jude"". The cover was another song dedicated to Lancaster's wife, Dee Lancaster. Before the two had gotten married, Dee had dated several musicians, and every year for her birthday, someone would play the song for her. So, Jason decided to ""one-up"" her previous boyfriends by doing a professional cover. The album's title comes from a phrase that Lancaster and his wife

"As You Were (Show of Hands album)"
David Kidman of ""NetRhythms"" to be a ""landmark tour even by the lads' own exacting standards."" The duo recorded the album with the helm of their sporadic producer Dolan on their 2004 winter tour, with Dolan credited as the album's producer. Intended as a ""permanent memento"" of the tour, The album contains twenty-two tracks and was the duo's first collaboration with their long time unofficial ""third member"" Miranda Sykes, who plays double bass and sings. Jenna, who Knightley had recorded the album ""Western Approaches"" with earlier in the year, features on vocals and keyboard on ""Smile She Said"" and ""Crooked

in particular, his wife, Dee Lancaster - to celebrate the anniversary of Lancaster's marriage. Later, on January 2, 2014, a demo version of the song ""Change"" was made available on YouTube, and it was tentatively announced that this would be the first song on ""As You Are"". (This was later confirmed, when the official track listing was released.) The video was accompanied by a message from Lancaster thanking his fans and supporters. However, neither song was officially released as a single. The first and only single from the album, ""Come Back"", was officially released on May 13, 2014, in a

on album two"". ""As You Were"" sold 103,000 units in its first week in the United Kingdom. It is the ninth-fastest selling debut of the decade within the nation. In 2018, the album was certified Platinum with sales of over 300,000 units in the UK. In the United States, it opened at number 30 on the ""Billboard"" 200 with 15,000 album-equivalent units, including 14,000 traditional sales. The album was released in numerous formats, from digital versions to vinyl, CD, and a ""special box set"" that includes a colorized vinyl record, an ""exclusive seven-inch, hardback book and an art print by

band's producer and engineer of the era Mick Dolan, the entire tour was recorded onto MiniDisc, with the duo subsequently ploughing through each concert recording the following day to identify the best performances and then collating and working through the ""A list again"" to find the best tracks to create the live album. The album was released in 2005 on the duo's own record label Hands on Music. Although it was originally only sold at the duo's live performances and on their online shop, the critical success it became lead the duo to re-release it conventionally. The album was released

honest endeavor of who I am as a person and a solo musician."" Perks included a private solo performance, handwritten lyrics, and an exclusive mixtape containing the song ""If"". The campaign ended on February 14, 2014, having gone on for almost three months and having raised $36,320 of its $40,000 goal. The album was produced by Zack Odom and Kenneth Mount. Lancaster previously worked with Odom and Mount on ""A Lesson in Romantics"" (2007) (with Mayday Parade), and ""Do Overs and Second Chances"" (2010) (with Go Radio). Lancaster spoke positively about working with the team, saying, ""Being able to take

said to each other, to signify that they love each other ""as they are"". Lancaster has said that this phrase applies to his songwriting process for this album, because for the first time, he didn't feel limited by any genre - he could just write songs as they were. The album cover was created and designed by Bethany Grace White. A demo version of the song ""Just in Time"" was made available on YouTube on November 11, 2013, before ""As You Are"" was officially announced. The demo was accompanied by a video featuring pictures of Lancaster with his family -

Four Weddings and a Funeral Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. It was the first of several films by screenwriter Richard Curtis to feature Hugh Grant, and follows the adventures of Charles (Grant) and his circle of friends through a number of social occasions as they each encounter romance. Andie MacDowell stars as Charles' love interest Carrie, with Kristin Scott Thomas, James Fleet, Simon Callow, John Hannah, Charlotte Coleman, David Bower, Corin Redgrave and Rowan Atkinson in supporting roles. It was made in six weeks and cost under £3 million,

"John Hannah (actor)"
stories from their relationship, such as the visit to London's 'Sri Siam' restaurant where he proposed to her in writing on the tablecloth. They live in Richmond, London with their two children. Soon after his role as the epileptic police officer Franky Drinkall in ""Out Of The Blue"", he showed his support for the Epilepsy Association of Scotland. He was, for a long time, a spokesman for Oxfam's Cut Conflict Campaign. John Hannah (actor) John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Richard Curtis's ""Four Weddings and a Funeral""

David Bower David Bower (born 1969) is a Welsh actor, best known for his role as David in the hit romantic comedy ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"". Born in Wrexham, North Wales, he is deaf and took his degree in the ""Theatre of the Deaf"". After university he joined what became the ""Signdance Collective"" working as sign dancer and choreographer. The collective was re-established in 2001 with Bower as Artistic Director and Isolte Avila as Dance Director. In 2012 the collective is devising a new production ""Desire"", featuring the songs of the band Dead Days Beyond Help, which will premier

John Hannah (actor) John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Richard Curtis's ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"" (1994), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His other film appearances include ""Sliding Doors"" (1998) and ""The Mummy"" trilogy (1999–2008). His television roles include: Dr Iain McCallum in ""McCallum"" (1995–1998); D.I. John Rebus in ""Rebus"" (2000–2001); Jack Roper in ""New Street Law"" (2006–2007); Jake Osbourne in ""Cold Blood"" (2007–2008), Quintus Lentulus Batiatus in ""Spartacus"" (2010–2011), Jack Cloth in ""A Touch of

"Death at a Funeral (2007 film)"
to cover all the expenses. As guests begin to arrive, Daniel struggles to complete a eulogy, even though everyone expects Robert will be the one to deliver it. Daniel's cousin Martha (Daisy Donovan) and her fiancé Simon (Alan Tudyk) are desperate to make a good impression on Martha's father Victor (Peter Egan). Their hopes for doing so are dashed when Martha, hoping to calm Simon's nerves, gives him what she believes is Valium but is actually a hallucinogenic designer drug manufactured by her brother Troy (Kris Marshall), a pharmacy student. An American man named Peter (Peter Dinklage), who has dwarfism,

"Ian Hallard"
and ""Hallowe'en Party"" (2010). Ian Hallard Ian Christopher Hallard (born 9 November 1974) is an English actor. Hallard was born in Birmingham, England on 9 November 1974. Following his education at Solihull School and an undergraduate degree at the University of Sheffield, he trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts on the Post Graduate Acting course, won a singing scholarship, and graduated in 1998. He lives with his husband, actor and screenwriter Mark Gatiss. The couple live in Islington in London. Hallard has been acting professionally since 1999, when he appeared in a production of ""Seven Brides for Seven

"Richard Curtis"
country house in Walberswick, Suffolk with script editor and broadcaster Emma Freud. He previously dated Anne Jenkin, now Baroness Jenkin of Kennington, before her marriage to Sir Bernard Jenkin, MP. Richard Curtis Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis, (born 8 November 1956), is a British screenwriter, producer, and film director, who was born in New Zealand to Australian parents. One of Britain's most successful comedy screenwriters, he is known primarily for his romantic comedy films, among them ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"" (1994), ""Notting Hill"" (1999), ""Bridget Jones's Diary"" (2001), ""Love Actually"" (2003), and ""About Time"" (2013). He is also known for

"Downton Abbey"
both ITV and PBS, and subsequently became the most successful British costume drama series since the 1981 television serial of ""Brideshead Revisited"". On 26 March 2015, Carnival Films and ITV announced that the sixth series would be the last. It aired on ITV between 20 September 2015 and 8 November 2015. The final episode, serving as the annual Christmas special, was broadcast on 25 December 2015. A film adaptation was confirmed on 13 July 2018. The first series, comprising seven episodes, explores the lives of the fictional Crawley family, the hereditary Earls of Grantham, and their domestic servants. The storyline

the departure of actor Dan Stevens, the death of Matthew Crawley, in the 2012 Christmas special, drew criticism. Lord Fellowes defended the decision stating that they 'didn't really have an option' once Stevens decided to leave. Stevens later said that he had no say in the manner of his character's departure but that he was 'sorry' his character had died on Christmas Day. The fourth series premiered in the UK on 22 September 2013 with an average audience of 9.5 million viewers—the highest ever for one of the drama's debut episodes. It premiered in the US on 5 January 2014,

and Tom begin a friendship, though Robert (Lord Grantham) despises her due to her openly vocal anti-aristocracy views. In the final Christmas special, Sampson, a card sharp, steals a letter from the Prince of Wales to his mistress, Rose's friend Freda Ward, which, if made public, would create a scandal; the entire Crawley family connives to retrieve it, though it is Bates who extracts the letter from Sampson's overcoat, and it is returned to Mrs Ward. In series five, covering the year 1924, a Russian exile, Prince Kuragin, wishes to renew his past affections for the Dowager Countess. Violet instead

Downton has been saved through Matthew and Tom's efforts to modernise. Mary gives birth to the new heir, but Matthew dies in a car crash while driving home from the hospital. In series four, covering 1922 to 1923, Cora's maid Miss O'Brien, desiring adventure and travel, leaves to serve Lady Flintshire in India. Cora hires Edna Braithwaite, who had previously been fired for her interest in Tom. Eventually the situation blows up, and Edna is replaced by Miss Baxter. Lady Mary deeply mourns Matthew's death. Matthew's newly-found will states Mary is to be his sole heir and thus gives her

Downton Abbey Downton Abbey is a British historical period drama television series set in the early 20th century, created by Julian Fellowes. The series first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2010, and in the United States on PBS, which supported production of the series as part of its ""Masterpiece Classic"" anthology, on 9 January 2011. The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton Abbey between 1912 and 1926, depicts the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their domestic servants in the post-Edwardian era—with the great events in history having an effect

on their lives and on the British social hierarchy. Events depicted throughout the series include news of the sinking of the ""Titanic"" in the first series; the outbreak of the First World War, the Spanish influenza pandemic, and the Marconi scandal in the second series; the Irish War of Independence leading to the formation of the Irish Free State in the third series; the Teapot Dome scandal in the fourth series; and the British general election of 1923, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Beer Hall Putsch in the fifth series. The sixth and final series introduces the rise of

"Grange Hill"
the BBC announced ""Grange Hill"" was to be axed after exactly 30 years. The announcement was made by CBBC controller Anne Gilchrist just two days before the show's official 30th birthday. ""Grange Hill"" ended on Monday 15 September 2008 with a further return appearance by Todd Carty, in which Tucker persuaded his nephew Togger Johnson not to give up on school like he did. Other than that there would be no spectacular conclusion; characters simply walked out of the school gates after their end-of-term prom, an almost mirror-image of how pupils walked into the school gates in the very first

Focus Features and Universal Pictures International. The film is scheduled for a UK release on 13 September 2019, with the US following one week later on 20 September 2019. Downton Abbey Downton Abbey is a British historical period drama television series set in the early 20th century, created by Julian Fellowes. The series first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2010, and in the United States on PBS, which supported production of the series as part of its ""Masterpiece Classic"" anthology, on 9 January 2011. The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton

16 September 2012 with an average of 9 million viewers (or a 36% audience share). For the first time in the UK, episode three received an average of more than 10 million viewers (or a 38.2% audience share). Premiering in the US in January 2013, the third series had an average audience of 11.5 million viewers and the finale on 17 February 2013, drew 12.3 million viewers making it the night's highest rating show. Overall, during its seven-week run, the series had an audience of 24 million viewers making it PBS's highest-rated drama of all time. While rumoured, due to

"Rove (TV series)"
in 2010. The rumour of the show ending later revealed to be true as during the finale on 15 November 2009, McManus confirmed that the show would be ending with the 2009 finale. He said: ""It's purely my decision. It's not one I've made lightly or flippantly. The timing was right to stop, stand back and see what happens next."" The final show finished at 11:11pm AEDT with a montage of clips from the 2009 season and a performance by Powderfinger. Rove's last words was a variation of his signature sign off: ""I'm Rove McManus, say bye to your mum

"Hot rod"
the Environment in its vehicle emissions regulations, refers to a hot rod as any motorized vehicle that has a replacement engine differing from the factory original. The predecessors to the hotrod were the modified cars used in the Prohibition era by bootleggers to evade revenue agents and other law enforcement. Hot rods first appeared in the late 1930s in southern California, where people raced modified cars on dry lake beds northeast of Los Angeles, under the rules of the Southern California Timing Association (SCTA), among other groups. This gained popularity after World War II, particularly in California, because many returning

"Hot rod"
soldiers had received technical training. The first hot rods were old cars (most often Fords, typically Model Ts, 1928–31 Model As, or 1932-34 Model Bs), modified to reduce weight. Engine swaps often involved fitting the Ford flathead V8 engine (known as the ""flatty"") into a different car, for example the common practice in the 1940s of installing the ""60 horse"" version into a Jeep chassis. Typical modifications were removal of convertible tops, hoods, bumpers, windshields, and/or fenders; channeling the body; and modifying the engine by tuning and/or replacing with a more powerful type. Wheels and tires were changed for improved

"Hot rod"
catering to hot rodders were started, such as the magazine ""Hot Rod"", founded in 1948. As automobiles offered by the major automakers began increasing performance, the lure of hot rods began to wane. With the advent of the muscle car, it was now possible to purchase a high-performance car straight from the showroom. However the 1973 Oil Crisis caused car manufacturers to focus on fuel efficiency over performance, which led to a resurgence of interest in hot rodding. As the focus shifted away from racing, the modified cars became known as ""street rods"". The National Street Rod Association (NSRA) was

"Rat rod"
of the term was in relation to ""Rat Bikes,"" motorcycles that were assembled from spare parts, to be enjoyed and ridden, and not necessarily for the display of the builder's skills. It is believed that the term is likely to have originally been used in a derogatory or pejorative sense, as this remains the case among sections of the hot rod community; however, the term has also been adopted in a positive light by other parts of the sub-culture. The origin of the movement itself is a little easier to pin down. In 1987, after many decades of building hot

"Hot rod"
traction and handling. Hot rods built before 1945 commonly used '35 Ford wire-spoke wheels. After World War II, many small military airports throughout the country were either abandoned or rarely used, allowing hot rodders across the country to race on marked courses. Originally, drag racing had tracks as long as or more, and included up to four lanes of racing simultaneously. As some hot rodders also raced on the street, a need arose for an organization to promote safety, and to provide venues for safe racing. The National Hot Rod Association was founded in 1951, to take drag racing off

"Hot pursuit"
the right of a police officer in hot pursuit to make an arrest on private property, which it described as ""well settled at common law"", extended to summary offences as well as indictable offenses. The international law principle of hot pursuit is analogous to the common law principle, but was probably conceived independently. It began to coalesce into a general custom of international relations during the early years of the 20th century, although the general principle had been advanced before in national legislation such as the British Hovering Acts. The participating states at the League of Nations Codification Conference of

"Hot dog"
coined by the newspaper cartoonist Thomas Aloysius ""Tad"" Dorgan around 1900 in a cartoon recording the sale of hot dogs during a New York Giants baseball game at the Polo Grounds. However, Dorgan's earliest usage of ""hot dog"" was not in reference to a baseball game at the Polo Grounds, but to a bicycle race at Madison Square Garden, in ""The New York Evening Journal"" December 12, 1906, by which time the term ""hot dog"" in reference to sausage was already in use. In addition, no copy of the apocryphal cartoon has ever been found. Common hot dog ingredients include:

Speedo
their symbol. Due to their success in the swimwear industry, the word ""Speedo"" has become synonymous with racing bathing suits. Company founder Alexander MacRae emigrated from Loch Kishorn in the western Highlands of Scotland to Sydney, Australia in 1910. Originally working as a milkman, he founded ""MacRae and Company Hosiery"" four years later, manufacturing underwear under the brand name ""Fortitude"" (taken from his family crest). The Australian Army's need for socks during the First World War provided MacRae with enough business to expand and in 1927 his first line of swimwear, called a ""racer-back costume"" was introduced. The following year,

"Hot rod"
formed and began hosting events. By the 1970s, the small-block Chevy V8 was the most common choice of engine for hot rods. Another popular engine choice is the Ford Windsor engine. During the 1980s, many car manufacturers were reducing the displacements of their engines, thus making it harder for hot rod builders to obtain large displacement engines. Instead, engine builders had to modify the smaller engines (such as using non-standard crankshafts and pistons) to obtain larger displacement. While current production V8s tended to be the most frequent candidates, this also applied to others. In the mid-1980s, as stock engine sizes

"Hot rod"
car, which means modifying it for greater performance. One theory is that ""rod"" means roadster, a lightweight 2-door car which was often used as the basis for early hot rods. Another theory is that ""rod"" refers to camshaft, a part of the engine which was often upgraded in order to increase power output. In the early days, a car modified for increased performance was called a ""gow job"". This term morphed into the hot rod in the early to middle 1950s. The term ""hot rod"" has had various uses in relation to performance cars. For example, the Ontario Ministry of

"Book of Revelation"
to whom he addresses his letter. His precise identity remains unknown, and modern scholarship commonly refers to him as John of Patmos (Rev. 1:9 – ""I was put on the Island of Patmos""). Early Church tradition dates the book to end of the emperor Domitian (reigned AD 81–96), and most modern scholars agree, although the author may have written a first version after Nero's Great Fire in Rome (AD 64) under Vespasian (AD 69–79) and updated it under Domitian. The beast with seven heads and the number 666 seem to allude directly to the emperor Nero (reigned AD 54–68), but

this does not require that Revelation was written in the 60s, as there was a widespread belief in later decades that Nero would return. Revelation is an apocalyptic prophecy with an epistolary introduction addressed to seven churches in the Roman province of Asia. ""Apocalypse"" means the revealing of divine mysteries; John is to write down what is revealed (what he sees in his vision) and send it to the seven churches. The entire book constitutes the letter—the letters to the seven individual churches are introductions to the rest of the book, which is addressed to all seven. While the dominant

the Baptist and the communities of Qumran as well as antique Jewish texts. In several verses one can identify the ancient texts and that attributed to John, the latter having just added in the original text the words ""Jesus Christ"" (Rev 1: 1), ""testimony of Jesus Christ"" (Rev. 1: 2) or even ""Jesus"" (Rev 1: 9), and similar words in dozens of other verses. Conventional understanding until recent times was that the Book of Revelation was written to comfort beleaguered Christians as they underwent persecution at the hands of a megalomaniacal Roman emperor, but much of this has now been

is counted as both accepted (Kirsopp. Lake translation: ""Recognized"") and disputed, which has caused some confusion over what exactly Eusebius meant by doing so. The disputation can perhaps be attributed to Origen. Origen seems to have accepted it in his writings. Cyril of Jerusalem (348 AD) does not name it among the canonical books (Catechesis IV.33–36). Athanasius (367 AD) in his ""Letter 39"", Augustine of Hippo (c. 397 AD) in his book ""On Christian Doctrine"" (Book II, Chapter 8), Tyrannius Rufinus (c. 400 AD) in his ""Commentary on the Apostles' Creed"", Pope Innocent I (405 AD) in a letter to

shift—""that we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about by every wind of doctrine"" (Eph 2:20 and 4:11–14, see also Matt 16:17–18). To maintain this foundation, new apostles were chosen and ordained to replace those lost to death or transgression, as when Matthias was called by revelation to replace Judas (Acts 1:15–26). However, as intensifying persecution led to the imprisonment and martyrdom of the apostles, it eventually became impossible to continue the apostolic succession. Once the foundation of apostles and prophets was lost, the integrity of Christian doctrine as established by Christ and the apostles

Book of Revelation The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation, the Revelation of Jesus Christ (from its opening words) or the Apocalypse (and often misquoted as Revelations), is the final book of the New Testament, and therefore also the final book of the Christian Bible. It occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. Its title is derived from the first word of the text, written in Koine Greek: ""apokalypsis"", meaning ""unveiling"" or ""revelation"" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by the incipit, their first words,

by the Council of Carthage (397), the Council of Carthage (419), the Council of Florence (1442 AD) and the Council of Trent (1546 AD) classified it as a canonical book. The Apostolic Canons, approved by the Eastern Orthodox Council in Trullo in 692, but rejected by Pope Sergius I, omit it. Doubts resurfaced during the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther called it ""neither apostolic nor prophetic"" in the 1522 preface to his translation of the New Testament (he revised his position with a much more favorable assessment in 1530), and it was the only New Testament book on which John Calvin

similar effect. In the Book of Deuteronomy, Yahweh is said to have been revealed upon giving the Ten Commandments to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. In Christianity, the Book of Acts describes the Day of Pentecost wherein a large group of the followers of Jesus experienced mass revelation. The Lakota people believe Ptesáŋwiŋ spoke directly to the people in the establishment of Lakota religious traditions. Some versions of an Aztec legend tell of Huitzilopochtli speaking directly to the Aztec people upon their arrival at Anåhuac. Historically, some emperors, cult leaders, and other figures have also been deified and treated as

the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, as prophets, seers, and revelators. They believe that God has followed a pattern of continued revelation to prophets throughout the history of mankind (KJV Luke 1:70)--both to establish doctrine and maintain its integrity, as well as to guide the church under changing world conditions. When this pattern of revelation was broken, it was because the receivers of revelation had been rejected and often killed (Matt 23:31–37, Luke 11:47–51). In the meridian of time, Paul described prophets and apostles in terms of a foundation, with Christ as the cornerstone, which was built to prevent doctrinal

as is also the case of the Hebrew Five Books of Moses (Torah)). The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic document in the New Testament canon (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the Gospels and the Epistles). The author names himself in the text as ""John"", but his precise identity remains a point of academic debate. Second-century Christian writers such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Melito the bishop of Sardis, and Clement of Alexandria and the author of the Muratorian fragment identify John the Apostle as the ""John"" of Revelation. Modern scholarship generally takes a different

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"
half a season, however, before departing for unspecified reasons. Paula Patton joined the cast as ADA Mikka Von. She replaced Stephanie March. However, Patton dropped out after one episode to film """", and was replaced by Melissa Sagemiller in the recurring role of ADA Gillian Hardwicke. Before the end of season twelve, Mariska Hargitay asked for a lighter workload. As a way of writing her out of certain episodes, a plan to have her character promoted to a supervisory role was discussed. At the end of season twelve, Christopher Meloni departed the cast, unable to come to terms with his

in season 13's episode """". In response to these departures, two new main actors were hired, and several changes were made to the recurring cast. In June 2011, it was announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would join the cast as new series regulars. Weeks later, it was announced that Stephanie March and Diane Neal would be reprising their roles as ADA Alexandra Cabot and ADA Casey Novak, respectively. The launch of season 13 was marked with a retooling of the show that Warren Leight referred to as ""SVU 2.0"". Changes that accompanied this included Tamara Tunie's being bumped

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)"
a lesbian activist who becomes a rape victim. Lee Tergesen and Mischa Barton guest-starred in the episode ""Savior"". Barton played a hooker named Gladys, while Tergesen played a ""deranged religious zealot suspected of murder"". This reunited Tergesen with his former ""Oz"" co-star Christopher Meloni, who played his lover on the show, for the first time since the show ended in 2003. Lena Olin, Richard Burgi and Russell Jones appeared in ""Confidential"". Olin played Ingrid Block, the high-powered attorney of Richard Morgan (Burgi), a billionaire investment banker and Jones played Morgan's head of security. Despite Sam Waterston's being listed in a

a broken health care system."" Bill O'Reilly took offense and stated on his show that he was outraged by Dick Wolf's using his name in such a ""defamatory manner"" and called it ""outrageous"". He went on to say that ""Dick Wolf is a coward for putting it out there."" Sarah Paulson played Ann Gillette, a woman with powerful ties to crime, in the episode ""Shadow"". Naveen Andrews played the undercover cop investigating her. Paulson stated in an interview that ""it's not easy to sort of draw on reality per se, when you're trying to get into the mind of a

recurring role for episodes 1–3 and then was promoted to the main cast in episode 5, with Kelli Giddish, Danny Pino, Ice-T and Raúl Esparza no longer appearing in every episode. On May 20, 2015, it was revealed that Danny Pino would be leaving the cast after the season 16 finale ""Surrendering Noah"". In August 2017, it was announced that Philip Winchester would recur in season 19 as ADA Peter Stone, his character from ""Chicago P.D."" and ""Chicago Justice"", who is the son of Benjamin Stone, the ADA on the original ""Law & Order"" show. It was later also announced

Paxton (Christine Lahti) and Jo Marlowe (Sharon Stone) until the conclusion of season eleven. Gillian Hardwicke served as the SVU ADA during season twelve. In season thirteen, both Cabot and Novak returned as ADAs. From the beginning of season fourteen, ADA Rafael Barba had been SVU's prosecutor, until leaving halfway through season nineteen. ""Chicago Justice""'s Peter Stone became SVU's ADA after ""Chicago Justice"" was canceled after only one season. In season 13, other big changes happened when Stabler left in the season twelve finale. Detectives Nick Amaro and Amanda Rollins joined the team filling the void left by Stabler. Amaro

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 3)"
analyst ; at auditions the character was called ""Burt Trevor,"" but this name was given to a different technician. Finally, Judith Light joined the recurring cast in ""Guilt"" as Alex Cabot's strict boss, Bureau Chief ADA Elizabeth Donnelly. Light was already a fan of the program, saying ""You can see when you watch a show like this, the level of professionalism going into it."" The show ""Wrath"" has been repeatedly mentioned by Mariska Hargitay as one of her favorites. For the episode, Justin Kirk portrayed the wrongfully imprisoned man Eric Plummer. Upon being freed, he kills four people to exact

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20)"
(Kelli Giddish). Rollins mentions him cheating on her with a prostitute in the previous season. Days later it was reported that Dylan Walsh would play John Conway, an abusive father who rapes his own son, in the season premiere. Walsh previously guest starred in the eighth season of the series. Mark Tallman portrays Gavin Riley, the new chief of detectives, in a recurring role. Carl Weathers reprised his role as his ""Chicago Justice"" character, State's Attorney Mark Jefferies, in the episode ""Zero Tolerance"". On August 16, 2018, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that ""Homeland"" actress Sandrine Holt would be cast in

that Brooke Shields was enlisted to assume a major recurring role starting in Season 19 of the long-running dramatic series. On February 7, 2018, Raúl Esparza left the series after six seasons. His role was taken over by Winchester. By season twelve, both Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni had become among the highest-paid lead actors on a drama, with each earning nearly $400,000 per episode, a salary that ""TV Guide"" said was exceeded only by ""House""'s Hugh Laurie. During season sixteen, Hargitay was reported to be earning $450,000 per episode, or $10,350,000 per season, In season seventeen, her salary increased

The show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship ""Law & Order"" and ""Gunsmoke"" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for ""Law & Order: Special Victims

"Song of Songs"
Song of Songs The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: ""Šîr HaŠîrîm"", Greek: ""Âisma Āismátōn""), is one of the ""megillot"" (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim (or ""Writings""), and a book of the Old Testament. The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or Yahweh the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual

love to death and sheol: love is as relentless and jealous as these two, and cannot be quenched by any force. She summons her lover, using the language used before: he should come ""like a gazelle or a young stag upon the mountain of spices"". The Song offers no clue to its author or to the date, place, or circumstances of its composition. The superscription states that it is ""Solomon's"", but even if this is meant to identify the author, it cannot be read as strictly as a similar modern statement. The most reliable evidence for its date is its

"Song of Moses"
(Exultavit Cor Meum) are counted as canticles in church use. Song of Moses The Song of Moses is the name sometimes given to the poem which appears in Deuteronomy of the Hebrew Bible, which according to the Bible was delivered just prior to Moses' death on Mount Nebo. Sometimes the Song is referred to as Deuteronomy 32, despite the fact that strictly speaking Deuteronomy chapter 32 contains nine verses (44-52) which are not part of the Song. Most scholars hold that it was composed between the tenth and eighth centuries BCE, although dates as early as the twelfth century or

Song of Moses The Song of Moses is the name sometimes given to the poem which appears in Deuteronomy of the Hebrew Bible, which according to the Bible was delivered just prior to Moses' death on Mount Nebo. Sometimes the Song is referred to as Deuteronomy 32, despite the fact that strictly speaking Deuteronomy chapter 32 contains nine verses (44-52) which are not part of the Song. Most scholars hold that it was composed between the tenth and eighth centuries BCE, although dates as early as the twelfth century or as late as the fifth have been proposed. According to

"Song of the Sea"
Song of the Sea The Song of the Sea (, Shirat HaYam, also known as Az Yashir Moshe and Song of Moses, or Mi Chamocha) is a poem that appears in the Book of Exodus of the Hebrew Bible, at . It is followed in verses 20 and 21 by a much shorter song sung by Miriam and the other women. The Song of the Sea was reputedly sung by the Israelites after their crossing the Red Sea in safety, and celebrates the destruction of the Egyptian army during the crossing, and looks forward to the future conquest of Canaan.

"Psalms of Solomon"
wicked world, and alternately to the Pharisees in opposition to the Sadducees who generally supported the Maccabees. Psalms of Solomon One of the apocryphal books, the Psalms of Solomon is a group of eighteen psalms (religious songs or poems) written in the first and/or second centuries BC that are not part of any current scriptural canon (they are, however, found in copies of the Peshitta and the Septuagint). The 17th of the 18 psalms is similar to Psalm 72 which has traditionally been attributed to Solomon, and hence may be the reason that the Psalms of Solomon have their name.

a committed relationship. In modern times the poem has attracted the attention of feminist biblical critics, with Phyllis Trible's foundational ""Depatriarchalizing in Biblical Interpretation"" treating it as an exemplary text and the Feminist Companion to the Bible series edited by Athalya Brenner and Carole Fontaine devoting to it two volumes (1993, 2000). Excerpts from the book have inspired composers to vocal and instrumental compositions, including: Song of Songs The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: ""Šîr HaŠîrîm"", Greek: ""Âisma Āismátōn""), is one of the ""megillot"" (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as

love, giving ""the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy"". The two are in harmony, each desiring the other and rejoicing in sexual intimacy; the women of Jerusalem form a chorus to the lovers, functioning as an audience whose participation in the lovers' erotic encounters facilitates the participation of the reader. In modern Judaism the Song is read on the Sabbath during the Passover, which marks the beginning of the grain harvest as well as commemorating the Exodus from Egypt. Jewish tradition reads it as an allegory of the relationship between God

Davidiad
""nor of the fields of Thessaly, stained red with Roman blood in civil strife"" (alluding to Lucan's ""Pharsalia"") (""ego dicere Troiae/excidium Thebasue paro nec sparsa cruore/Thessala Romano bellis civilibus arua""). At line 11, Marulić explicitly invokes God, asking him to ""aid his song"" (""mihi ... cantanda ministres""). By contrasting his ""Davidiad"" with other famed Latin epics, the author is attempting to stress the ""divine authority"" of the Old Testament at the expense of the great pagan works of the past. Book I then shifts into narrative and details the events leading up to David's anointing: the prophet Samuel decries Saul,

Prince of Egypt"". The text consists of a few selected lines and paraphrases from the Hebrew text inserted in the bridge of the song ""When You Believe"". Song of the Sea The Song of the Sea (, Shirat HaYam, also known as Az Yashir Moshe and Song of Moses, or Mi Chamocha) is a poem that appears in the Book of Exodus of the Hebrew Bible, at . It is followed in verses 20 and 21 by a much shorter song sung by Miriam and the other women. The Song of the Sea was reputedly sung by the Israelites after

"1977 Mississippi CV-240 crash"
1977 Mississippi CV-240 crash On October 20, 1977, a Convair CV-240 passenger aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed in a wooded area near Gillsburg, Mississippi. Chartered by the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from L&J Company of Addison, Texas, it was near the end of its flight from Greenville, South Carolina, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Lead vocalist/founding member Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist/vocalist Steve Gaines, backing vocalist Cassie Gaines (Steve's older sister), assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary, and co-pilot William Gray all died as a result of the crash; 20 others survived. On October 20, 1977, three days

"Blackwater 61 crash"
Blackwater 61 crash Blackwater 61 was the callsign of a CASA 212, registration N960BW, operated by Presidential Airways Inc, the aviation subsidiary of the private security contractor Blackwater USA, that crashed in the mountains of remote central Afghanistan on November 27th, 2004. The turboprop airplane was carrying three military passengers and three members of the flight crew when it crashed. According to the NTSB investigative report of the accident, the Blackwater pilots were ""behaving unprofessionally"" and were ""deliberately flying the nonstandard route low through the valley for fun."" The accident contributed to the debate over the use of private military

"1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash"
1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash The 1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash was a U.S. military nuclear accident in which a Cold War bomber's vertical stabilizer broke off in winter storm turbulence. The two nuclear bombs being ferried were found """"relatively intact in the middle of the wreckage"""", and after Fort Meade's 28th Ordnance Detachment secured them, the bombs were removed two days later to the Cumberland Municipal Airport. The B-52D was returning to Georgia from Massachusetts after an earlier Chrome Dome airborne alert to Europe. Near Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, on a path east of Salisbury, Pennsylvania; and after altitude changes to

"1973 DeKalb–Peachtree Airport Learjet crash"
1973 DeKalb–Peachtree Airport Learjet crash On February 26, 1973, a private Learjet 24 crashed shortly after take-off from DeKalb–Peachtree Airport in Chamblee, Georgia, United States. The aircraft, registration N454RN, owned by a private corporation, struck birds shortly after lifting off. Air traffic control advised the flight crew of smoke trailing from their left engine; the crew said they would not be able to return to the airport. The aircraft impacted the roof of an apartment building and came to rest in a ravine. All five passengers and two crew members aboard the aircraft were killed; a person in the apartment

"Flight 93 National Memorial"
and crew members made cellular telephone calls aboard the flight and learned about the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. As a result, the passengers and crew members decided to mount an assault against the hijackers and wrest control of the aircraft. The plane crashed in a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, about 150 miles (240 km) northwest of Washington, D.C., killing all 39 civilians, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officer, and four terrorists aboard. The memorial is located in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania. The entrance to the memorial

"1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash"
1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash On Friday, 24 June 1994, a United States Air Force (USAF) Boeing B-52 Stratofortress crashed at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington, United States, after its pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Arthur ""Bud"" Holland, maneuvered the bomber beyond its operational limits and lost control. The B-52 stalled, fell to the ground and exploded, killing Holland and the three other field-grade officers on board the aircraft. The crash was captured on video and was shown repeatedly on news broadcasts throughout the world. The subsequent investigation concluded that the crash was attributable primarily to three factors: Holland's personality

"2017 United States Marine Corps KC-130 crash"
The plane had apparently crashed north of Jackson, Mississippi, killing all sixteen occupants. Brigadier General Bradley James said immediately after the accident, ""Indications are something went wrong at cruise altitude."" The aircraft was also reported to have been carrying weapons and ammunition. Debris was spread in a radius from the crash site and firefighters attending the crash site used of foam to extinguish the post-crash fire. Witnesses reported seeing the aircraft on fire with a smoking engine and descending in a ""flat spin"". According to the accident report published by the USMC, the accident was caused by improper repairs conducted

"1965 USAF KC-135 Wichita crash"
1965 USAF KC-135 Wichita crash On 16 January 1965, a U.S. Air Force Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker crashed in the central United States, in a neighborhood in Wichita, Kansas, near McConnell Air Force Base. This resulted in the deaths of all seven crew members on board the aircraft and an additional twenty-three people on the ground. This accident is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Kansas. It is also the second-deadliest aircraft accident in the United States involving victims on the ground, after the Green Ramp disaster in 1994 which killed 24 people on the ground. At 9:28 a.m. CST

"American Airlines Flight 1 (1936)"
American Airlines Flight 1 (1936) American Airlines Flight 1 was a Douglas DC-2 airliner on a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Memphis to Little Rock. On Tuesday, January 14, 1936, the flight crashed into a swamp near Goodwin, Arkansas, disintegrating on impact and killing all 17 people on board. ""With great difficulty the bodies of the victims were brought out of the marsh where their bodies were found scattered among fragments of the shattered plane."" At the time, it was the worst civil plane crash on U.S. soil. As of 2016, it remains the deadliest crash in Arkansas state history.

U.S. military suspended Blackwater operations in Afghanistan for one month but nonetheless renewed their contract for $92 million. Blackwater aircraft were refitted with flight trackers and a new policy required all flights to have at least one experienced crew member in the cockpit. Blackwater 61 crash Blackwater 61 was the callsign of a CASA 212, registration N960BW, operated by Presidential Airways Inc, the aviation subsidiary of the private security contractor Blackwater USA, that crashed in the mountains of remote central Afghanistan on November 27th, 2004. The turboprop airplane was carrying three military passengers and three members of the flight crew

"FIFA World Cup top goalscorers"
the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal at the World Cup during West Germany's win at the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014.

Only two other players have surpassed 10 goals at the World Cup: Pelé with 12 between 1958 and 1970 for Brazil, and Jürgen Klinsmann with 11 between 1990 and 1998 for Germany. Of all the players who have played at the World Cup, only six have scored, on average, at least two goals per game played: Kocsis, Fontaine, Stábile, Russia's Oleg Salenko, Switzerland's Josef Hügi, and Poland's Ernst Wilimowski — the latter scored four in his single World Cup game in 1938. The top 97 goalscorers have represented 28 nations, with 14 players scoring for Brazil, and another 14 for

Germany or West Germany. In total, 64 footballers came from UEFA (Europe), 29 from CONMEBOL (South America), and only four from elsewhere: Cameroon, Ghana, Australia, and the United States. Fontaine holds the record for the most goals scored at a single tournament, with 13 goals in 1958. The players that came closest to this record were Kocsis in 1954, Müller in 1970 and Portugal's Eusébio in 1966, with 11, 10 and 9, respectively. The lowest scoring tournament's top scorer was in 1962, when six players tied at only four goals each. Across the 21 editions of the World Cup, 30

footballers have been credited with the most tournament goals, and no one has achieved this feat twice. Nine of them scored at least seven goals in a tournament, while Brazil's Jairzinho became the only footballer to score at least seven goals without being the top goalscorer of that tournament in 1970. These 30 top goalscorers played for 19 nations, the most (five) for Brazil. Another five came from other South American countries, with the remaining 20 coming from Europe. Excluding the 2010 edition, all the top tournament scorers won the Golden Boot. FIFA World Cup top goalscorers More than 2,000

FIFA World Cup top goalscorers More than 2,000 goals have been scored at the 21 editions of the FIFA World Cup final tournaments, not counting penalties scored during shoot-outs. Since the first goal scored by French player Lucien Laurent at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, more than 1,250 footballers have scored goals at the World Cup, of which just 97 have scored at least five. The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 22 players have scored more at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout

"FIFA World Cup"
(2002–2014) is the all-time top scorer at the finals, with 16 goals. He broke Ronaldo of Brazil's record of 15 goals (1998–2006) during the 2014 semi-final match against Brazil. West Germany's Gerd Müller (1970–1974) is third, with 14 goals. The fourth placed goalscorer, France's Just Fontaine, holds the record for the most goals scored in a single World Cup; all his 13 goals were scored in the 1958 tournament. In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals. This made Brazil's Pelé the only player to

"Gary Lineker"
the reason given being Gary not wanting more children. In 2013, Lineker participated in the genealogical programme ""Who Do You Think You Are?"" during which he discovered an ancestor who was a poacher, and another who was a legal clerk. In November 2017, Lineker was named in the Paradise Papers in connection with a tax avoidance scheme relating to property owned in Barbados and a company set-up in the British Virgin Islands. Gary Lineker Gary Winston Lineker (; born 30 November 1960) is an English former professional footballer and current sports broadcaster. He holds England's record for goals in FIFA

"Pelé"
Olympic Committee elected him the Athlete of the Century. According to the IFFHS, Pelé is the most successful league goal-scorer in the world, scoring 1281 goals in 1363 games, which included unofficial friendlies and tour games. In 1999, ""Time"" magazine named Pelé one of the . During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the highest-paid athlete in the world. Pelé's ""electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals"" made him a star around the world. To take full advantage of his popularity, his teams toured internationally. During his career, he became known as ""The Black Pearl"" (""A Pérola Negra""),

"Pelé statistics"
Edition of Scoreboard; and Sextant Publishing House. Pelé statistics Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento) is a retired professional football player. Pelé's goalscoring record is often reported by FIFA as being 1281 goals in 1363 games. This figure includes goals scored by Pelé in friendly club matches, like international tours Pelé completed with Santos and the New York Cosmos, and a few games Pelé played in for the Brazilian armed forces teams during his national service in Brazil. He was listed in the ""Guinness World Records"" for most career goals scored in football his goalscoring record. The tables below record every

"Progression of England association football goalscoring record"
Progression of England association football goalscoring record This is a progressive list of association footballers who have held or co-held the record for international goals for the England national football team, beginning with William Kenyon-Slaney who scored the first ever international goal. He scored twice in the second international game played, the first game having finished 0–0. For the early decades, records of players appearances and goals were often considered unreliable. RSSSF and IFFHS have spent much effort trying to produce definitive lists of full international matches, and corresponding data on players' international caps and goals. Using this data, the

"Tombstone (film)"
Tombstone (film) Tombstone is a 1993 American Western film directed by George P. Cosmatos, written by Kevin Jarre (who was also the original director, but was replaced early in production), and starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer, with Sam Elliott, Bill Paxton, Powers Boothe, Michael Biehn, and Dana Delany in supporting roles, as well as narration by Robert Mitchum. The film is based on events in Tombstone, Arizona, including the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the Earp Vendetta Ride, during the 1880s. It depicts a number of Western outlaws and lawmen, such as Wyatt Earp, William Brocius, Johnny Ringo,

newspaper account, the DVD-ROM feature ""Faro at the Oriental: Game of Chance"", and a collectible ""Tombstone"" map. The widescreen high-definition Blu-ray Disc edition of the theatrical cut was released on April 27, 2010, featuring the making of ""Tombstone"", director's original storyboards, trailers, and TV spots. A supplemental viewing option for the film in the media format of video-on-demand is available, as well. Tombstone (film) Tombstone is a 1993 American Western film directed by George P. Cosmatos, written by Kevin Jarre (who was also the original director, but was replaced early in production), and starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer, with

was fired by producer Andrew Vajna and replaced with George P. Cosmatos. Michael Biehn, a close friend of Jarre, considered quitting. By the time of Cosmatos' arrival, though, all actors stayed on board. The new director brought a demanding, hard-nosed sensibility to the set, which led to conflicts with some of the crew members (most famously with cinematographer William Fraker). Meanwhile, Kurt Russell worked quickly with producer James Jacks to pare down Jarre's sprawling script, deleting subplots and emphasizing the relationship between Wyatt and Doc. Director Cosmatos was highly focused on accurate historical detail, including the costumes, props, customs, and

scenery, to give them authenticity. All the mustaches in the movie were real. Val Kilmer practiced for a long time on his quick-draw speed, and gave his character a Southern Aristocrat accent. Two locations were used to make the town of Tombstone look bigger. The scene in which Wyatt throws an abusive card dealer (Billy Bob Thornton) out of a saloon was to show that Wyatt was a man who used psychology to intimidate. Thornton's lines in the scene were ad-libbed, as he was only told to ""be a bully"". The center of the film to Cosmatos was the loyalty

and friendship between Wyatt and Doc. The scene where Morgan Earp (Paxton) talks about God and death was originally much longer. Actor Stephen Lang told the director he was drunk for most of filming, as Cosmatos recalled with a laugh. Cosmatos said, ""The emotion is the most important thing in a movie. If you care about your people, you have a movie."" The gunfight at the O.K. Corral was over in seconds, he said, and he choreographed the scene exactly as it happened. Cosmatos liked that, in the script, the gunfight at the O.K. Corral was not the end of

the film was a ""tough-talking but soft-hearted tale"" which was ""entertaining in a sprawling, old-fashioned manner."" Regarding screenwriter Jarre's dialogue, he noted, ""Despite the lack of emotional center and narrative focus, his script contains enough subplots and colorful characters to enliven the film and ultimately make it a fun, if not totally engaging, experience."" He also singled out Val Kilmer as the standout performance. The film, however, was not without its detractors. James Berardinelli writing for ReelViews offered an almost entirely negative review, recalling how he thought, ""Not only is the last hour anticlimactic, but it's dull. Too many scenes

"Wyatt Earp: Return to Tombstone"
Wyatt Earp: Return to Tombstone Wyatt Earp: Return to Tombstone is a 1994 American made-for-television western film starring Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp, featuring new footage mixed with colorized sequences from O'Brian's 1955–1961 television series ""The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp"". The supporting cast for the new footage includes Bruce Boxleitner, Paul Brinegar, Harry Carey, Jr., Bo Hopkins, and Don Meredith. The colorized flashback archival footage from the original television series features Douglas Fowley as Doc Holliday and Lloyd Corrigan as Ned Buntline. The movie was directed by Paul Landres and Frank McDonald. Hugh O'Brian ... Wyatt Earp<br> Bruce

and Doc Holliday. ""Tombstone"" was released by Hollywood Pictures in theatrical wide release in the United States on December 25, 1993, grossing $56.5 million in domestic ticket sales. The film was a financial success, and for the Western genre, it ranks number 16 in the list of highest-grossing films since 1979. Critical reception was generally positive. In 1879, members of the outlaw gang known as the Cowboys, led by ""Curly Bill"" Brocius, ride into a Mexican town and interrupt a local police officer's wedding. They then proceed to massacre the assembled policemen in retribution for killing two of their fellow

"Dead in Tombstone"
Dead in Tombstone Dead in Tombstone is a 2013 American direct-to-video action-horror western film produced by Universal 1440 Entertainment. It was directed by Roel Reiné and written by Shane Kuhn and Brendan Cowles. The film stars Danny Trejo as Guerrero, a gang leader who gets double-crossed by his fellow gang members. Striking a pact with the Devil after entering Hell, he resurfaces to the earthly world to avenge his own death by killing the men who murdered him. The film was released in home media on October 22, 2013 and was followed by a sequel, ""Dead Again in Tombstone"" (2017).

by ""True West Magazine"". The film was also called ""One of the year's 10 best!"" by KCOP-TV in Los Angeles, California. Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert of ""Siskel & Ebert"" originally thought they would have to miss reviewing the film, as they could not get a screening, but as Ebert explained, ""... a strange thing started to happen. People started telling me they really liked Val Kilmer's performance in ""Tombstone"", and I heard this every where I went. When you hear this once or twice, it's interesting, when you hear it a couple of dozen times, it's a trend. And

tools made from high-speed tool steel are generally used for what type of machining operations

Machinist
the cutters a machinist uses are most commonly high speed steel, tungsten carbide, ceramics, Borazon, and diamond. Machinists usually work to very small tolerances, usually within 0.010"" or 0.25 mm (more commonly expressed as ±0.010"" (Plus or minus ten-thousandths of an inch) or ±0.13 mm), and sometimes at tolerances as low as 0.0001"" (plus or minus one tenth of a thousandth of an inch – or 0.0025 mm) for specialty operations. A machinist deals with all facets of shaping, cutting and some aspects of forming metal, although forming is typically a separate trade. The operations most commonly performed by machinists

Machining
electro-chemical erosion, laser cutting, or water jet cutting to shape metal workpieces. As a commercial venture, machining is generally performed in a machine shop, which consists of one or more workrooms containing major machine tools. Although a machine shop can be a stand-alone operation, many businesses maintain internal machine shops which support specialized needs of the business. Machining requires attention to many details for a workpiece to meet the specifications set out in the engineering drawings or blueprints. Beside the obvious problems related to correct dimensions, there is the problem of achieving the correct finish or surface smoothness on the

Machining
Machine Age, ""machining"" referred to (what we today might call) the ""traditional"" machining processes, such as turning, boring, drilling, milling, broaching, sawing, shaping, planing, reaming, and tapping. In these ""traditional"" or ""conventional"" machining processes, machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, drill presses, or others, are used with a sharp cutting tool to remove material to achieve a desired geometry. Since the advent of new technologies in the post–World War II era, such as electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, electron beam machining, photochemical machining, and ultrasonic machining, the retronym ""conventional machining"" can be used to differentiate those classic technologies from

Machining
but it can also be used on materials such as wood, plastic, ceramic, and composites. A person who specializes in machining is called a machinist. A room, building, or company where machining is done is called a machine shop. Much of modern-day machining is carried out by computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers are used to control the movement and operation of the mills, lathes, and other cutting machines. The precise meaning of the term ""machining"" has evolved over the past one and a half centuries as technology has advanced. In the 18th century, the word ""machinist"" simply meant

"Tool steel"
strength, shock resistance, and toughness requirements. The more severe the service condition (higher temperature, abrasiveness, corrosiveness, loading), the higher the alloy content and consequent amount of carbides required for the tool steel. Tool steels are used for cutting, pressing, extruding, and coining of metals and other materials. Their use, such as the production of injection molds, is essential, due to their resistance to abrasion, which is an important criterion for a mold that will be used to produce hundreds of thousands of moldings of a product or part. The AISI-SAE grades of tool steel is the most common scale used

Machining
achieved in most machining operation by means of a primary motion, called ""cutting speed"" and a secondary motion called ""feed"". The shape of the tool and its penetration into the work surface, combined with these motions, produce the desired shape of the resulting work surface. There are many kinds of machining operations, each of which is capable of generating a certain part geometry and surface texture. In turning, a cutting tool with a single cutting edge is used to remove material from a rotating workpiece to generate a cylindrical shape. The primary motion is provided by rotating the workpiece, and

"Machine tool"
power (via cranks, treadles, treadmills, or treadwheels) were used in the past, as was water power (via water wheel); however, following the development of high-pressure steam engines in the mid 19th century, factories increasingly used steam power. Factories also used hydraulic and pneumatic power. Many small workshops continued to use water, human and animal power until electrification after 1900. Today most machine tools are powered by electricity; however, hydraulic and pneumatic power are sometimes used, but this is uncommon. Machine tools can be operated manually, or under automatic control. Early machines used flywheels to stabilize their motion and had complex

"Speeds and feeds"
is still a correlation between power available and feeds and speeds employed. In practice, lack of rigidity is usually the limiting constraint. The phrases ""speeds and feeds"" or ""feeds and speeds"" have sometimes been used metaphorically to refer to the execution details of a plan, which only skilled technicians (as opposed to designers or managers) would know. Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such

"Cutting tool (machining)"
which the tool is run. Linear cutting tools include tool bits (single-point cutting tools) and broaches. Rotary cutting tools include drill bits, countersinks and counterbores, taps and dies, milling cutters, reamers, and cold saw blades. Other cutting tools, such as bandsaw blades, hacksaw blades, and fly cutters, combine aspects of linear and rotary motion Cutting tools are often designed with inserts or replaceable tips (tipped tools). In these, the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material, either brazed, welded or clamped on to the tool body. Common materials for tips include cemented carbide, polycrystalline diamond, and cubic boron

Machining
material on the piece for a subsequent finishing operation. Finishing cuts are used to complete the part and achieve the final dimension, tolerances, and surface finish. In production machining jobs, one or more roughing cuts are usually performed on the work, followed by one or two finishing cuts. Roughing operations are done at high feeds and depths – feeds of 0.4–1.25 mm/rev (0.015–0.050 in/rev) and depths of 2.5–20 mm (0.100–0.750 in) are typical, but actual values depend on the workpiece materials. Finishing operations are carried out at low feeds and depths – feeds of 0.0125–0.04 mm/rev (0.0005–0.0015 in/rev) and depths

"This Is Us (TV series)"
period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served as settings. Recently, the show has flashed back to follow the lives of newer characters, such as Randall's foster child, Deja. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin

This Is Us (TV series) This Is Us is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dan Fogelman that premiered on NBC on September 20, 2016. The series follows the lives and families of two parents, and their three children, in several different time frames. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Lonnie Chavis, Eris Baker, and Faithe Herman. ""This Is Us"" is filmed in Los Angeles. The

relocates from Los Angeles to New York City. ""This is Us"" originally began as an 80 page movie script that Dan Fogelman was developing while working for ABC Studios in the spring of Spring 2015. The story line, which Fogelman admitted to not having a definite direction, revolved around the lives of eight adults who, as it would be revealed, were octuplets. After moving to an eight-figure deal with 20th Television, Fogelman made the decision to develop a TV series from the characters of his original script, cutting a few characters and shortening the script to 45 pages before bringing

9:00pm, the first season's first two episodes and eleventh episode aired on a Tuesday at 10:00pm, while the second season's fourteenth episode, ""Super Bowl Sunday"", aired on a Sunday at 10:15pm. This Is Us (TV series) This Is Us is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dan Fogelman that premiered on NBC on September 20, 2016. The series follows the lives and families of two parents, and their three children, in several different time frames. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas

Drama Series. On September 27, 2016, NBC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. In January 2017, NBC renewed the series for two additional seasons of 18 episodes each. The second season premiered on September 26, 2017. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018. The series follows the lives of siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the ""Big Three""), and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It takes place in the present and uses flashbacks to show the family during various moments in the past. Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of

"This Is Family"
This Is Family This Is Family is an American reality television series that airs on Amazon Video. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the prominent Lebanese American Nossiff-Azarian family through their day-to-day life in Boston. The series is executive produced by cast members Joseph Azarian, Naseem Nossiff, David Azarian, and Sandra Richa, as well as Annmarie Richa and Patrick Henegan as co-executive producers. The series was greenlit on April 27, 2018, and premiered on September 28, 2018 on Amazon Video. The series was met with generally positive reviews from critics. The show maintains approximately a 3.5

a triplet pregnancy, born six weeks premature on Jack's 36th birthday in 1980; their brother is stillborn. Believing they were meant to have three children, Jack and Rebecca, who are white, decide to adopt Randall, an African American child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandoned him at a fire station. Jack dies when his children are 17. Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016–2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time

star rating on Amazon Video. This Is Family This Is Family is an American reality television series that airs on Amazon Video. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the prominent Lebanese American Nossiff-Azarian family through their day-to-day life in Boston. The series is executive produced by cast members Joseph Azarian, Naseem Nossiff, David Azarian, and Sandra Richa, as well as Annmarie Richa and Patrick Henegan as co-executive producers. The series was greenlit on April 27, 2018, and premiered on September 28, 2018 on Amazon Video. The series was met with generally positive reviews from critics. The

"An American Family"
An American Family An American Family is an American television documentary filmed from May 30 through December 31, 1971, and first aired in the United States on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) from January 11, 1973, to March 29, 1973. After being edited down from about 300 hours of raw footage, the series ran one season of 12 episodes on Thursday nights at 9:00 p.m. The groundbreaking documentary is considered the first ""reality"" series on American television. It was originally intended as a chronicle of the daily life of the Louds, an upper middle class family in Santa Barbara, California

show, serves as a consultant. In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.72/10 based on 63 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, ""This Is Us"" will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since ""Parenthood"" went off the air."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned

"Pennsylvania House of Representatives"
Pennsylvania House of Representatives The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. There are 203 members, elected for two-year terms from single member districts. Following the 2016 elections, the house consisted of 121 Republicans and 82 Democrats. Republican Mike Turzai was first elected Speaker of the House on January 6, 2015. In 2012, a State Representative district had an average population of 60,498 residents. It is the largest full-time state legislature in the country. (The New Hampshire House of Representatives is larger but only serves

"Pennsylvania's congressional districts"
Pennsylvania's congressional districts After the 2000 Census, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was divided into 19 Congressional Districts, decreasing from 21 due to reapportionment. After the 2010 Census, the number of districts decreased again to 18. On January 22, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the Congressional Districts were an unlawful partisan gerrymander in violation of the Pennsylvania Constitution. The General Assembly and governor failed to reach an agreement for a revised district map. Therefore, on February 19, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court released a new congressional map. That map is estimated to have a partisan balance of 10 Republican-leaning

"United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania"
United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania These are tables of congressional delegations from Pennsylvania to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. List of members of the Pennsylvanian United States House delegation, their terms in office, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has 16 members, with 10 Republicans and 8 Democrats. For the first two Congresses, Pennsylvania had eight seats. In the First Congress, Representatives were selected At-large on a general ticket. Districts were used in the Second Congress. Pennsylvania had thirteen seats. For the third Congress representatives were

and 8 Democratic-leaning seats. The court-mandated map is set to go into effect before the primary elections on May 15, 2018. Republican lawmakers in the state asked for a stay from the United States Supreme Court and brought suit in federal court, seeking an injunction against using the court-drawn map in the upcoming congressional elections. Both attempts failed on March 19, 2018, following rulings by the Supreme Court and a Pennsylvania federal district court. The congressional delegation from Pennsylvania consists of 18 members. In the current delegation, 10 representatives are Republicans and 8 are Democrats. The list below identifies the

selected at-large on a general ticket. After that, districts were created. There were eighteen seats, apportioned among eleven districts. Districts 1–3 each had three seats elected on a general ticket. District 4 had two such seats. Districts 5–11 each had one seat. There were 15 districts. The 1st district had four seats elected on a general ticket. The 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th and 10th each had two seats elected on a general ticket. The rest of the districts each had one seat. Following the 1830 census, Pennsylvania was apportioned 28 seats. The commonwealth divided them into 25 districts and two

process resulted in a map that disproportionately favored Republican candidates. In the 2012 Congressional elections, Democratic candidates won 50.5% of the total votes cast. However, only five of the state's 18 Federal Representatives (27.78%) were Democrats. On June 14, 2017, the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania filed a lawsuit, alleging that the district boundaries constituted an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander. The case was eventually appealed to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. On January 22, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the Congressional Districts were unlawfully gerrymandered in violation of the Pennsylvania Constitution. The court ordered the General Assembly and the

districts, the and the , had two and three seats respectively. Following the 1880 Census, the delegation grew by one seat. Until 1889, that seat was elected at-large statewide. After 1889, the state was redistricted into 28 districts. Following the 1890 Census, the delegation grew by two seats. Those two additional seats were elected at-large across the entire commonwealth. Following the 1900 Census, the delegation grew by two seats. Following the 1910 Census, the delegation grew by four seats to its largest size to date. The four new seats were elected at-large statewide. Starting in 1923, however, four new districts

"Pennsylvania State Capitol"
House of Representatives, has 203 members, elected for a term of 2 years, and presided over by the Speaker of the House. The House Chamber, or Hall of the House, is the largest of the three chambers at wide and long. It is located on the south side of the rotunda. The House Chamber was designed with an Italian Renaissance theme. William B. Van Ingen created the fourteen circular, stained-glass windows in the House Chamber, and Abbey painted its five murals. The largest of the murals is situated behind the Speaker's rostrum. Named the ""Apotheosis of Pennsylvania"", it depicts 28

"Pennsylvania General Assembly"
Pennsylvania General Assembly The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg. In colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791. The General Assembly has 253 members, consisting of a Senate with 50 members and a House of Representatives with 203 members, making it the second-largest state legislature in the nation (behind New Hampshire) and the largest full-time

"Fortnite Battle Royale"
Fortnite Battle Royale Fortnite Battle Royale is a free-to-play battle royale video game developed and published by Epic Games. It was released as an early access game for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in September 2017, and for iOS, Nintendo Switch, and Android in 2018. It is a spin-off from Epic's """", a cooperative survival game with construction elements. As a battle royale game, ""Fortnite Battle Royale"" features up to a hundred players, either alone, in duos, or in squads of up to four players, attempting to be the last player or group alive by killing other

Fortnite
Gamer"", and for ""Best Spectator Game"" by IGN. Fortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include """", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, ""Fortnite Battle Royale"", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and ""Fortnite: Creative"", where players are given complete

Fortnite
first two game modes were released in 2017 as early access titles and ""Creative"" was released on December 6, 2018. ""Save the World"" is available only for Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, while ""Battle Royale"" has been released for those platforms in addition for Nintendo Switch, iOS and Android devices. While the first two games have been successful for Epic Games, ""Fortnite Battle Royale"" became a resounding success, drawing in more than 125 million players in less than a year, and earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month, and since has been a cultural phenomenon. Currently, ""Fortnite""

Fortnite
Fortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include """", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, ""Fortnite Battle Royale"", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and ""Fortnite: Creative"", where players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas. The

of ""Fortnite""s development, ""PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds"" was released in March 2017 on personal computers in early access, and quickly became a popular and successful game, becoming the defining example of the battle royale genre. According to Mustard, the Epic team ""loved Battle Royale games like [Battlegrounds]"", and explored how they could make a similar mode within ""Fortnite""s engine. They kept this mode in a separate development team from the main player versus environment modes for experimentation and as to not throw off the balance in the main game. The Battle Royale mode development was led by Eric Williamson with Zack Estep

about 40% of the company in exchange for their support for the games as a service approach as well as ready access to the Chinese video game market. ""Fortnite"" was confirmed to have a planned 2018 release in June 2017, with a paid early access period starting a month later; the game is planned otherwise as a free-to-play title supported by microtransactions. With release in early access, the game featured its primary gameplay mode, ""Save the World"", where players in teams up to four would work cooperatively to survive and complete objectives on randomly generated maps. During the latter part

Fortnite
""Fortnite Battle Royale"", the player-versus-environment mode was distinguished as ""Save the World"". Near the same time that Epic released ""Fortnite"" into early access, ""PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds"" had become a worldwide phenomenon, having sold over 5 million copies three months from its March 2017 release, and drawing strong interest in the battle royale genre. Epic recognized that with the ""Fortnite"" base game, they could also do a battle royale mode, and rapidly developed their own version atop ""Fortnite"" in about two months. By September 2017, Epic was ready to release this as a second mode from ""Save the World"" in the paid-for

well; the first example of such was a countdown leading to a giant rocket's launch in June 2018 which, in the aftermath, left cracks in the skies that have grown since that event. The game initially launched without any seasonable schedule, but starting with the release of Season 2 in December 2017, Epic has provided new content, which includes new cosmetics, new gameplay elements, and changes to the game's map, on a roughly 10-week basis. This also introduced the use of the battle pass for players to obtain some of this new content by completing challenges and gaining experience. ""Fortnite""

verified were not true. Epic launched its second competition play series, the Fall Skirmish, on September 21, 2018, with up to in prizes for winners. ""Fortnite Battle Royale"" has become its own phenomenon, compared by analysts to the success in drawing in players that are not average video game players as both ""World of Warcraft"" and ""Minecraft"" had done previously. ""Fortnite Battle Royale"" obtained over 10 million players two weeks after its release. By March 2018, it was estimated to have more than 45 million players. Three months later, in June 2018, Epic announced they had achieved over 125 million

through the Switch console. In March 2018, Epic announced it was making ""Fortnite Battle Royale"" for Android and iOS mobile devices. The iOS version was released first, and was expected to be followed by the Android version by mid-2018. The beta version for iOS devices launched on March 15, 2018, and opened to all players on April 2, 2018. Epic Games stated that it was not possible to release the Android version with the iOS version simultaneously, and declined to provide a concrete release date for it, because the developers wanted to spend a few months making sure that the

"Distribution transformer"
Distribution transformer A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882. If mounted on a utility pole, they are called pole-mount transformers. If the distribution lines are located at ground level or underground, distribution transformers are mounted on concrete pads and locked in steel cases, thus known as a

"Current transformer"
differential output. The Rogowski coil uses this effect and requires an external integrator in order to provide a voltage output that is proportional to the measured current. Ultimately, depending on client requirements, there are two main standards to which current transformers are designed. IEC 61869-1 (in the past IEC 60044-1) & IEEE C57.13 (ANSI), although the Canadian and Australian standards are also recognised. Current transformers are used for protection, measurement and control in high-voltage electrical substations and the electrical grid. Current transformers may be installed inside switchgear or in apparatus bushings, but very often free-standing outdoor current transformers are used.

Transformer
for increasing or decreasing the alternating voltages in electric power applications. Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of alternating current electrical energy. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect the power grid. An ideal transformer is a theoretical linear transformer that is lossless and perfectly coupled. Perfect coupling implies infinitely high core magnetic permeability and winding

"Low-voltage network"
both short-circuit and overload protection, while low-voltage circuit breakers may be used in special circumstances. Spot networks are used when increased reliability of supply is required for important customers. The low-voltage network is supplied from two or more distribution transformers at a single site, each fed from a different MV feeder (which may originate from the same or different substations). The transformers are connected together with a bus or a cable on secondary side, termed ""paralleling bus"" or ""collector bus"". The paralleling bus typically does not have connecting cables (""reaches"") to other network units, in which case such networks are

"Transformer types"
often include magnetic shielding to protect against extraneous magnetically coupled signals. Audio transformers were originally designed to connect different telephone systems to one another while keeping their respective power supplies isolated, and are still commonly used to interconnect professional audio systems or system components, to eliminate buzz and hum. Such transformers typically have a 1:1 ratio between the primary and the secondary. These can also be used for splitting signals, balancing unbalanced signals, or feeding a balanced signal to unbalanced equipment. Transformers are also used in DI boxes to convert high-impedance instrument signals (e.g., bass guitar) to low impedance signals

connections, up to , while in European design they can reach up to . North American distribution transformers must be therefore placed much closer to consumers, and are smaller (25–50 kVA), while European ones can cover larger areas and thus have higher ratings (300–1000 kVA); only the remote rural areas in European design are served by single-phase transformers. As the low-voltage distribute the electric power to the widest class of end users, another main design concern is safety of consumers who use the electric appliances and their protection against electric shocks. An earthing system, in combination with protective devices such

the input of amplifiers. Audio transformers allowed telephone circuits to carry on a two-way conversation over a single pair of wires. A balun transformer converts a signal that is referenced to ground to a signal that has balanced voltages to ground, such as between external cables and internal circuits. Transformers made to medical grade standards isolate the users from the direct current. These are found commonly used in conjunction with hospital beds, dentist chairs, and other medical lab equipment. Electromagnetic induction, the principle of the operation of the transformer, was discovered independently by Michael Faraday in 1831, Joseph Henry in

used to step-down the high overhead line voltages (e.g. 15 kV) were much larger and heavier for the same power rating than those required for the higher frequencies. Operation of a transformer at its designed voltage but at a higher frequency than intended will lead to reduced magnetizing current. At a lower frequency, the magnetizing current will increase. Operation of a large transformer at other than its design frequency may require assessment of voltages, losses, and cooling to establish if safe operation is practical. For example, transformers may need to be equipped with 'volts per hertz' over-excitation, ANSI function 24,

"High-voltage direct current"
also be reduced by increasing the conductor size, larger conductors are heavier and more expensive. High voltage cannot readily be used for lighting or motors, so transmission-level voltages must be reduced for end-use equipment. Transformers are used to change the voltage levels in alternating current (AC) transmission circuits. Because transformers made voltage changes practical, and AC generators were more efficient than those using DC, AC became dominant after the introduction of practical systems of distribution in Europe in 1891 and the conclusion in 1892 of the War of Currents, a competition being fought on many fronts in the US between

significantly varies depending on configuration. They are sited on pole tops, cellars or designated small plots. From these transformers, ""low-voltage"" or ""secondary"" network branches off to the customer connections at customer premises, equipped with electricity meters. Most of differences in the layout and design of low-voltage networks are dictated by the mains voltage rating. In Europe and most of the world 220–240 V is the dominant choice, while in North America 120 V is the standard. ANSI standard C84.1 recommends a +5%, −2.5% tolerance for the voltage range at a service point. North American LV networks feature much shorter secondary

Heredity
gene; different genes have different sequences of bases. Within cells, the long strands of DNA form condensed structures called chromosomes. Organisms inherit genetic material from their parents in the form of homologous chromosomes, containing a unique combination of DNA sequences that code for genes. The specific location of a DNA sequence within a chromosome is known as a locus. If the DNA sequence at a particular locus varies between individuals, the different forms of this sequence are called alleles. DNA sequences can change through mutations, producing new alleles. If a mutation occurs within a gene, the new allele may affect

"Stratum basale"
Stratum basale The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals. The ""stratum basale"" is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells. The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells can act like stem cells with ability to divide and produced new cells , whereas others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and

Heredity
Heritable traits are known to be passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a long polymer that incorporates four types of bases, which are interchangeable. The sequence of bases along a particular DNA molecule specifies the genetic information: this is comparable to a sequence of letters spelling out a passage of text. Before a cell divides through mitosis, the DNA is copied, so that each of the resulting two cells will inherit the DNA sequence. A portion of a DNA molecule that specifies a single functional unit is called a

"Basal body"
Basal body A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum). It is formed from a centriole and several additional protein structures, and is, essentially, a modified centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules. Centrioles, from which basal bodies are derived, act as anchoring sites for proteins that in turn anchor microtubules, and are known as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). These microtubules provide structure and facilitate movement of vesicles

Vacuole
and that can occupy as much as 80% of the volume for certain cell types and conditions. Strands of cytoplasm often run through the vacuole. A vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast (word origin: Gk tón(os) + -o-, meaning “stretching”, “tension”, “tone” + comb. form repr. Gk plastós formed, molded) and filled with cell sap. Also called the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast is the cytoplasmic membrane surrounding a vacuole, separating the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm. As a membrane, it is mainly involved in regulating the movements of ions around the cell, and isolating materials that

Centriole
important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm. The position of the centriole determines the position of the nucleus and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell. Sperm centrioles are important for 2 functions: (1) to form the sperm flagellum and sperm movement and (2) for the development of the embryo after fertilization. In organisms with flagella and cilia, the position of these organelles is determined by the mother centriole, which becomes the basal body. An inability of cells to use centrioles to make functional cilia and flagella has been linked

hyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease). The ""stratum basale"" is primarily made up of basal keratinocyte stem cells, which can be considered the stem cells of the epidermis. They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the ""stratum basale"" are melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), Langerhans cells (immune cells), and Merkel cells (touch receptors). Stratum basale The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals. The ""stratum basale"" is a single

Invagination
Invagination In developmental biology, invagination is a mechanism that takes place during gastrulation. This mechanism or cell movement happens mostly in the vegetal pole. Invagination consists of the folding of an area of the exterior sheet of cells towards the inside of the blastula. In each organism, the complexity will be different depending on the number of cells. Invagination can be referenced as one of the steps of the establishment of the body plan. The term, originally used in embryology, has been adopted in other disciplines as well. There is more than one type of movement for invagination. Two common

Histiocyte
Histiocyte A histiocyte is an animal cell that is part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or lymphoreticular system). The mononuclear phagocytic system is part of the organism's immune system. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage or a dendritic cell (histio, diminutive of histo, meaning ""tissue"", and cyte, meaning ""cell""). Histiocytes are derived from the bone marrow by multiplication from a stem cell. The derived cells migrate from the bone marrow to the blood as monocytes. They circulate through the body and enter various organs, where they undergo differentiation into histiocytes, which are part of

Blastula
this point, either by proteins such as SMAUG in ""Drosophila"" or by microRNA. These two processes shift the control of the embryo from the maternal mRNA to the nuclei. A blastula is a sphere of cells surrounding a blastocoele. The blastocoele is a fluid filled cavity which contains amino acids, proteins, growth factors, sugars, ions and other components which are necessary for cellular differentiation. The blastocoele also allows blastomeres to move during the process of gastrulation. In ""Xenopus"" embryos, the blastula is composed of three different regions. The animal cap forms the roof of the blastocoele and goes on primarily

"The Dark Tower (series)"
series, """", began publication on March 5, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all five issues was released on October 15, 2008. The third arc, """", began publication on September 10, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues was released on April 21, 2009. Following the completion of the third arc a one-shot issue titled """" was released April 8, 2009. The story focuses on the history of the villainous wizard Marten Broadcloak. The fourth arc, """", began publication on May 13, 2009. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues, as well as the Sorcerer One-Shot was released on February

"The Dark Tower (comics)"
The Dark Tower (comics) The Dark Tower, first published in 2007, is a series of comic books (originally published by Marvel Comics and later republished by Gallery 13) based on Stephen King's ""The Dark Tower"" series of novels. Overall, it is plotted by Robin Furth and scripted by Peter David. Stephen King serves as Creative and Executive Director of the project. The first chapter run of the series, originally entitled simply ""The Dark Tower"", launched February 7, 2007, and consisted of thirty issues that made up five volumes illustrated primarily by Jae Lee and Richard Isanove. The first volume, ""The

"The Forbidden Tower"
The Forbidden Tower The Forbidden Tower is a science fantasy novel by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley, part of her Darkover series. Originally published by DAW Books (No. 256) in 1977, it is the sequel to ""The Spell Sword"" and is followed by ""The Bloody Sun"". The major characters also appear in ""Thendara House"" and ""City of Sorcery"". This book is set approximately forty years after the events in the book ""Rediscovery"". The Hilary Castamir stories in the collection ""Marion Zimmer Bradley's Darkover ""precede the events in ""The Forbidden Tower ""by about ten years. On the road to Armida, Damon

"The Darkling"
The Darkling The Darkling is a Fantasy novel by author David Kesterton. It was published by Arkham House in 1982 in an edition of 3,126 copies. It was the author's first book. The author complained of editorial interference with his prose which led to poor reviews, and with the aid of Anne McCaffrey and the Science Fiction Writers of America had Arkham House lawyers relinquish rights to the author. Arkham House retained the right to sell out the remaining copies of their edition. In 2011, the author finally published a limited edition (105 copies) under the imprint of Necrominster Press

society, the place of one's family in decision making, and whether a woman may act as an agent independent of these forces. In the books that follow, particularly ""The Bloody Sun"", Bradley acknowledges that the reaction of a traditional society to unwanted progress is often a retreat to more traditionalism and violence. The Forbidden Tower The Forbidden Tower is a science fantasy novel by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley, part of her Darkover series. Originally published by DAW Books (No. 256) in 1977, it is the sequel to ""The Spell Sword"" and is followed by ""The Bloody Sun"". The major

"The Dark Is Rising Sequence"
Arthurian legends, Celtic mythology, Norse mythology and English Folklore. Both magical and ordinary children are prominent throughout the series. It was inaugurated in 1965 with the U.K. publication of ""Over Sea, Under Stone"" by Jonathan Cape. The sequels were published 1973 to 1977, almost simultaneously in the U.K. and the U.S. Volume four, ""The Grey King"" (1975), won both the Newbery Medal, recognizing the year's ""most distinguished contribution to American literature for children"", and the inaugural Welsh Tir na n-Og Award for English-language books with Welsh background. The concluding ""Silver on the Tree"" (1977) also won the annual Tir na

"The Darkangel Trilogy"
The Darkangel Trilogy The Darkangel Trilogy is a series of high fantasy novels by American author Meredith Ann Pierce published between 1982 and 1990. It is set in the distant future, when the moon has long since been terraformed into a lush paradise complete with its own animals, plants, and races. ""Darkangel"", the first volume of the trilogy, was published in 1982. The book received favorable critical reception, winning the International Reading Association's annual ""Children's Book Award"" for first novel, listed on the American Library Association's ""Best Books for Young Adults"" roster, and was eventually chosen for the ""New York

"Tower of Shadows"
the comic became a mix of reprints and occasional sword and sorcery/SF series. ""At the Stroke of Midnight"", writer-artist Jim Steranko's lead story in the premiere issue (Sept. 1969), won a 1969 Alley Award for Best Feature Story. Its creation had led to a rift between the celebrated Steranko and editor Lee that caused Steranko to stop freelancing for Marvel, the publisher that had showcased his highly influential work. Lee had rejected Steranko's cover, and the two clashed over panel design, dialog, and the story title, initially ""The Lurking Fear at Shadow House"". According to Steranko at a 2006 panel

It is adapted from a section of King's previous novel ""The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands"". It was illustrated by Ned Dameron. Several ""Dark Tower"" series arcs were published by Marvel Comics. A prequel, """" is plotted by Robin Furth, scripted by Peter David, and illustrated by Jae Lee and Richard Isanove, and is set around the time of the flashbacks in ""The Gunslinger"" and ""Wizard and Glass"". The first issue of this first arc was released on February 7, 2007. A hardcover volume containing all seven issues was released on November 7, 2007. The second arc in the

which restored his preferred prose and added six illustrations to his 'corrected, authorized first edition'. . This Necrominster Press edition is an associational oddity for Arkham House collectors. Set in the distant future, a young tribesman, Maradek searches for his father, Afurad. In the course of this search, he helps to foil the forces that threaten the world's destruction. The Darkling The Darkling is a Fantasy novel by author David Kesterton. It was published by Arkham House in 1982 in an edition of 3,126 copies. It was the author's first book. The author complained of editorial interference with his prose

"White coat ceremony"
White coat ceremony The White Coat Ceremony (WCC) is a relatively new ritual in some medical (MD, DO), dental, optometry, audiology, chiropractic, dietetic, occupational therapy, physical therapy, podiatric, pharmacy, physician assistant, pathologists' assistant, nursing, naturopathic and veterinary schools that marks the student's transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences. At some schools, where students begin meeting patients early in their education, the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins. It is an example of a matriculation. WCCs typically involve a formal ""coating"" of students. Over 100 medical schools in the United States now have

no longer limited to medical students; starting in 1995, US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs, with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year. In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs. The Gold-sponsored version of the WCC, or a similar rite of passage, is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited schools of medicine in the United States, and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries. In December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was

ceremony marks a change in tradition, introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study. This was intended to provide students with well-defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical profession prior to their first day of class. Since its conception at Columbia, the WCC has spread rapidly to schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, osteopathic medicine, optometry, and nursing worldwide. Since starting in the US, several medical schools in countries outside of the United States (such as Iran, Israel, Canada, UK, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Poland) have also started holding WCCs. The ceremony is

"Student cap"
of the cap's crown. This is due to the Icelandic tradition dictating that after an entire year as a graduate and after finishing a year of university education the student should remove the white cover-piece, signifying his or hers academic status as a university ""stúdent"". This practice has its roots in the traditions concerning the black caps of the Danish students. During the year the cap is white, the student is known as ""nýstúdent"" or new-student. The first Icelandic students to wear these caps were graduates of ""Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík"" or ""Reykjavík College"". In modern times different versions have been

Halle via channels of the German Medical Students' Association (bvmd). On April 12, 2010, The University of Queensland's(Australia) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students. On April 29, 2011, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn was the first medical school in Poland, that has introduced the White Coat Ceremony. In September 2011, Jagiellonian University in Kraków became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class. "" On February 28, 2011, the Faculty of Medicine at the Università del Piemonte

"White coat"
White coat A white coat or laboratory coat (often abbreviated to lab coat) is a knee-length overcoat/smock worn by professionals in the medical field or by those involved in laboratory work. The coat protects their street clothes and also serves as a simple uniform. The garment is made from white or light-colored cotton, linen, or cotton polyester blend, allowing it to be washed at high temperature and making it easy to see if it is clean. Similar coats are a symbol of learning in Argentina and Uruguay, where they are worn by both students and teachers in state schools. In

"Academic dress in the United States"
system) with a split salmon cut; doctors wear the same shape but with ""panels"" attached to the sides. Candidates may have the hood ceremoniously placed upon them, as is done at some British universities, or a college or school may 'self-hood' ""en masse"" at the appropriate time during the ceremony. Additionally, the Code allows for the wearing of the hood into the commencement ceremony as part of the academic procession, but only if neither of the two procedures above are being employed. The Code also states: ""It is quite appropriate for the bachelor's gown to be worn without a hood.""

entrance into medical school and, more recently, into a number of related health-related schools and professions. It originated at University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989 and involves a formal ""robing"" or ""cloaking"" in white lab coats. Studies have shown that doctor's coats worn in hospitals can harbor contagions including MRSA. In 2007, the UK National Health Service started banning long-sleeved coats. In 2009, the American Medical Association investigated banning coats with long sleeves to protect patients, but did not institute a ban. A study published in 2011 investigating the effectiveness of the NHS ban showed no statistical

a WCC, and many students now consider it a rite of passage in the journey toward a healthcare career. Some schools also use this as a graduation from the entire program. For example, Moreno Valley College has a White Coat Ceremony for the Physician Assistant students at the end of their final term, where the short coats are discarded and long coats are given as a symbol of being equal clinicians to others who have earned the long coats. According to some, WCCs have taken on a quasi-religious significance, that symbolizes a ""conversion"" of a lay person into a member

of the healthcare profession and is similar to a priest's ordination to the priesthood, although it is notable that the white coat is a recent adoption by the medical profession. However, in many medical schools around the world students begin wearing their white coats during first year anatomy class, so there is no official white coat ceremony. In the nineteenth century respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the quackery and mysticism of nineteenth century medicine. To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine, physicians sought to represent themselves as scientists and

Ouija
Businessman Elijah Bond had the idea to patent a planchette sold with a board on which the alphabet was printed, much like the previously existing talking boards. The patentees filed on May 28, 1890 for patent protection and thus are credited with the invention of the Ouija board. Issue date on the patent was February 10, 1891. They received . Bond was an attorney and was an inventor of other objects in addition to this device. An employee of Elijah Bond, William Fuld, took over the talking board production. In 1901, Fuld started production of his own boards under the

Ouija
to refer to any talking board. According to Hasbro, players take turns asking questions and then ""wait to see what the planchette spells out"" for them. It is recommended for players over the age of 8. Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1, 1890, the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists claimed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija

"Ouija Board, Ouija Board"
Ouija Board, Ouija Board ""Ouija Board, Ouija Board"" was a single released by Morrissey in November 1989. The single was poorly received by the music press and the public: its highest chart position was No. 18, making it the first Morrissey single not to reach the British top 10. It appeared along with its B-side ""Yes, I Am Blind"" on the compilation album ""Bona Drag"". A shorter edit, omitting a verse, appeared on the 2010 reissue of ""Bona Drag"". The song is about the protagonist using a Ouija board to contact a dead friend, who tells him to ""push off"".

Ouija
works of automatic planchette writing. According to one author, similar methods of mediumistic spirit writing have been practiced in ancient India, Greece, Rome, and medieval Europe. As a part of the spiritualist movement, mediums began to employ various means for communication with the dead. Following the American Civil War in the United States, mediums did significant business in presumably allowing survivors to contact lost relatives. The ouija itself was created and named in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1890, but the use of talking boards was so common by 1886 that news reported the phenomenon taking over the spiritualists' camps in Ohio.

"Plateau (game)"
Plateau (game) Plateau is a two-player abstract strategy board game invented by Jim Albea. The game was developed over a two-year period culminating in its present form on May 12, 1986. The original name for the game was Pinnacle, but it was discovered that an older board/card game had that name, so around 1989 the name was changed to Plateau. From the 1980s through the 1990s Plateau was played at Science Fiction conventions mostly in the Southeastern United States. From the 1990s to the present, the game is played live at an online game site and via email. In 1997

Ouija
unconscious movements of those controlling the pointer, a psychophysiological phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect. One of the first mentions of the automatic writing method used in the ouija board is found in China around 1100 AD, in historical documents of the Song Dynasty. The method was known as ""fuji"" ""planchette writing"". The use of planchette writing as an ostensible means of necromancy and communion with the spirit-world continued, and, albeit under special rituals and supervisions, was a central practice of the Quanzhen School, until it was forbidden by the Qing Dynasty. Several entire scriptures of the Daozang are supposedly

Qwak!
Atari in 1973 in order to reach more distributors, which was merged with Atari in December 1974. The game was announced and shown at the Music Operators of America (MOA) Music & Amusement Machines Exposition on November 1–3, 1974, for release that month. It was then advertised in the December 7 issue of ""Cash Box"". ""Qwak!"" was released in a standard upright arcade cabinet with a black and white raster television monitor inset, with the rifle holster and start button below as the only controls. The reeds and tree branch overlay is screen printed in color onto a clear panel

"Test Match (board game)"
Test Match (board game) Test Match is a cricket-themed board game first published in 1955 by John Waddington Limited in the United Kingdom and John Sands Pty. Ltd. in Australia. Russell Jackson notes that ""you pulled on a couple of cardboard tabs to randomly generate a type of delivery before your batting opponent did the same on the other end of the board, but if you were a genuinely competitive player, the reliance on luck over skill would eventually start to grate."" A three-dimensional version was released by Crown and Andrews in the 1977. This involved rolling a ball-bearing down

Ouija
name ""Ouija"". Charles Kennard (founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher) claimed he learned the name ""Ouija"" from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning ""good luck."" When Fuld took over production of the boards, he popularized the more widely accepted etymology: that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for ""yes"". The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board, as Fuld reinvented its history, claiming that he himself had invented it. The strange talk about the boards

retrospective review, Ned Raggett of ""Allmusic"" described the lead track itself as ""a weird semi-anthem that almost works"" but praised its b-side ""Yes, I Am Blind"", calling it ""a restrained but sharp performance, while the tearjerker-into-glam music is quite lovely."" British 7"" and 12"": ""ART, ANY ROAD""/none The song was performed live by Morrissey on the 1999/2000 ""¡Oye Esteban!"" tour. The song's distinctive introduction and end sequence had been used to bookend performances of ""November Spawned a Monster"" during the 1992 tour. Ouija Board, Ouija Board ""Ouija Board, Ouija Board"" was a single released by Morrissey in November 1989. The

"Monroe Doctrine"
beginnings as an isolationist country, the seeds for the Monroe Doctrine were already being laid even during George Washington's presidency. According to S.E. Morison, ""as early as 1783, then, the United States adopted the policy of isolation and announced its intention to keep out of Europe. The supplementary principle of the Monroe Doctrine, that Europe must keep out of America, was still over the horizon"". While not specifically the Monroe Doctrine, Alexander Hamilton desired to control the sphere of influence in the western hemisphere, particularly in North America but was extended to the Latin American colonies by the Monroe Doctrine.

"Latin American wars of independence"
independent sovereign nations. As a result of the successful revolutions which established so many new independent nations, United States President James Monroe and the Secretary of State John Quincy Adams drafted the Monroe Doctrine . It stated that the United States would not tolerate any European interference in the Western Hemisphere. This measure ostensibly was taken in order to safeguard the newfound liberties of these new countries, but it was also taken as a precautionary measure against the intrusion of European states. Since the United States was a newly founded nation, it lacked the capacity to prevent other European powers

"Ostend Manifesto"
the dispatch, which caused it irreparable damage. The dispatch was published as demanded by the House of Representatives. Dubbed the ""Ostend Manifesto"", it was immediately denounced in both the Northern states and Europe. The Pierce administration suffered a significant setback, and the manifesto became a rallying cry for anti-slavery Northerners. The question of Cuba's annexation was effectively set aside until the late 19th century, when support grew for Cuban independence from Spain. Located off the coast of Florida, Cuba had been discussed as a subject for annexation in several presidential administrations. Presidents John Quincy Adams and Thomas Jefferson expressed great

"Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War"
shipping for French contraband. Empress Catherine II of Russia began the first League with her declaration of Russian armed neutrality on 11 March (28 February, Old Style), 1780, during the War of American Independence. She endorsed the right of neutral countries to trade by sea with nationals of belligerent countries without hindrance, except in weapons and military supplies. Russia would not recognize blockades of whole coasts, but only of individual ports, and only if a belligerent's warship were actually present or nearby. The Russian navy dispatched three squadrons to the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and North Sea to enforce this decree. Denmark

"France–Americas relations"
designed by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton to avoid war with Britain and encourage commerce. The Jeffersonians vehemently opposed the treaty, but Washington's support proved decisive, and the U.S. and Britain were on friendly terms for a decade. However the foreign policy dispute polarized parties at home, leading to the First Party System. The Jay Treaty convinced Paris that the United States was no longer a friend. By 1797 the French were openly seizing American ships, leading to an undeclared war known as the Quasi-War of 1798–99. President John Adams tried diplomacy; it failed. In 1798, the French demanded American diplomats

"United States non-interventionism"
United States non-interventionism Non-interventionism is the diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations in order to avoid being drawn into wars not related to direct territorial self-defense, has had a long history among government and popular opinion in the United States. At times, the degree and nature of this policy was better known as isolationism, such as the period between the world wars. Robert Walpole, Britain's first Whig Prime Minister, proclaimed in 1723: ""My politics are to keep free from all engagements as long as we possibly can."" He emphasized economic advantage and rejected the

brainchild of American Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand. This pact that was said to have outlawed war and showed the United States commitment to international peace had its semantic flaws. For example, it did not hold the United States to the conditions of any existing treaties, it still allowed European nations the right to self-defense, and it stated that if one nation broke the Pact, it would be up to the other signatories to enforce it. The Kellogg–Briand Pact was more of a sign of good intentions on the part of the US, rather

idea of intervening in European affairs to maintain a balance of power. Walpole's position was known to Americans. However, during the American Revolution, the Second Continental Congress debated about forming an alliance with France. It rejected non-interventionism when it was apparent that the American Revolutionary War could be won in no other manner than a military alliance with France, which Benjamin Franklin successfully negotiated in 1778. After Britain and France went to war in 1792, George Washington declared neutrality, with unanimous support of his cabinet, after deciding that the treaty with France of 1778 did not apply. Washington's Farewell Address

"Russia and the American Revolution"
Russian Empire, but this time, the English hoped for naval support. Catherine II once again ignored the British requests. Perhaps Catherine the Great's greatest diplomatic contribution came from the creation and proclamation of the First League of Armed Neutrality in 1780. This declaration of armed neutrality had several stipulations, but three crucial ones: first, ""that neutral ships may freely visit the ports of belligerent Powers;"" second, ""that the goods of belligerent Powers on neutral ships are permitted to pass without hindrance, with the exception of war contraband;"" and, third, ""under the definition of a blockaded port falls only a port

portion of Mexico that year included significant discussion of Cuba. Even John C. Calhoun, described as a reluctant expansionist who strongly disagreed with intervention on the basis of the Monroe Doctrine, concurred that ""it is indispensable to the safety of the United States that this island should not be in certain hands"". likely referring to Britain. In light of a Cuban uprising, President James K. Polk refused solicitations from filibuster backer John L. O'Sullivan and stated his belief that any acquisition of the island must be an ""amicable purchase."" Under orders from Polk, Secretary of State James Buchanan prepared an

"Hacksaw Ridge"
being Australian, including Rachel Griffiths (Doss' mother), Teresa Palmer (Doss' wife), Sam Worthington (unit leader), Hugo Weaving (as Doss' father), Richard Roxburgh (as a colonel) and Luke Bracey (as Smitty, one of Doss' most antagonistic unit members). Rounding out the cast was American actor Vince Vaughn. According to producer Bill Mechanic, Australian state and federal subsidies made financing the film possible. On February 9, 2015, IM Global closed a deal to finance the film, and also sold the film into the international markets. On the same day, Lionsgate acquired the North American distribution rights to the film. Chinese distribution rights

Pegler, Richard Pyros, Ben Mingay, Firass Dirani, Nico Cortez, Michael Sheasby, Goran Kleut, Jacob Warner, Harry Greenwood, Damien Thomlinson, Ben O'Toole, Benedict Hardie, Robert Morgan, Ori Pfeffer, Milo Gibson, and Nathaniel Buzolic, Hugo Weaving, and Ryan Corr – was announced between November 2014 and October 2015. The younger Doss was played by Darcy Bryce. Garfield plays Desmond Doss, a US Army medic awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for saving lives during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II. Garfield had high regards for Doss, and venerated him for his act of bravery, hailing him

""Braveheart"" (1995). Nearly a decade later, Gibson finally agreed to direct, a decision announced in November 2014. The same month, Andrew Garfield was confirmed to play the role of Desmond Doss. With a budget of $40 million, the team still faced many challenges. ""Hacksaw Ridge"" became an international co-production, with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia. When Australian tax incentives were taken off the table, the film had to qualify as Australian to receive government subsidies. Despite being American-born, Gibson's early years in Australia helped the film qualify, along with most of the cast

Hacksaw Ridge Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary ""The Conscientious Objector"". The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam

Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing. It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor, and 12 AACTA Awards nominations, winning the majority, including Best Film, Best Direction, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor for Garfield, and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving. In rural 1920s Virginia, the young Desmond Doss nearly kills his little brother Hal while roughhousing. This event and his Seventh-day Adventist upbringing reinforce Desmond's belief in the commandment ""Thou shalt not kill"". Years later, Doss takes an injured man to the hospital and meets a nurse, Dorothy Schutte. The two strike a romance

"Matt Barr"
Matt Barr Matthew Jerome Barr (born February 14, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Johnse Hatfield in ""Hatfields & McCoys"" with Kevin Costner, Mike Fleming in ""Commander in Chief"", Ian Banks in ""One Tree Hill"", Christopher Sullivan in the mystery-horror limited series ""Harper's Island"", and Dan Patch in The CW's series ""Hellcats"". Matthew Jerome Barr was born on February 14, 1984, in Allen, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. He is the son of Mike Barr, a former football coach at Purdue University and Southern Methodist University, who is now in the real estate business,

that the filmmakers took great care in maintaining the integrity of the story, since Doss was very religious. However, the filmmakers did change some details, notably the backstory about his father, the incident with the gun Doss took out of his alcoholic father's hands, and the circumstances of his first marriage. The character of Smitty, portrayed by Luke Bracey, is an amalgamation of various soldiers who tormented Doss and was created for narrative reasons. Other changes to the story occur near the end of the movie when Doss is placed on a stretcher. In real life, Doss had another wounded

"Albert Hall (actor)"
Albert Hall (actor) Albert W. Hall (born November 10, 1937) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Chief Phillips in the 1979 war film ""Apocalypse Now"" and Judge Seymore Walsh in ""Ally McBeal"" and ""The Practice"". He is also widely recognized for his role as Brother Baines in the 1992 Spike Lee film ""Malcolm X"", where he acted opposite film star Denzel Washington, who appeared in the title role of slain African-American Muslim, former Nation of Islam minister, and human rights activist Malcolm X. Hall was born and raised in Brighton, Alabama. He graduated from the Columbia

in the 1998 television film ""The Tiger Woods Story"" and Elijah Muhammad in Michael Mann's 2001 biopic ""Ali"". Hall recently played the recurring role of Bruce in the series ""Men of a Certain Age"". Albert Hall (actor) Albert W. Hall (born November 10, 1937) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Chief Phillips in the 1979 war film ""Apocalypse Now"" and Judge Seymore Walsh in ""Ally McBeal"" and ""The Practice"". He is also widely recognized for his role as Brother Baines in the 1992 Spike Lee film ""Malcolm X"", where he acted opposite film star Denzel Washington,

who fell in love with Roseanna McCoy. Barr was drawn to this part due to the romance and tragedy surrounding the famous feud. In 2014, Barr appeared in a recurring role on ""Sleepy Hollow"" as Nick Hawley in season 2. Matt Barr Matthew Jerome Barr (born February 14, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Johnse Hatfield in ""Hatfields & McCoys"" with Kevin Costner, Mike Fleming in ""Commander in Chief"", Ian Banks in ""One Tree Hill"", Christopher Sullivan in the mystery-horror limited series ""Harper's Island"", and Dan Patch in The CW's series ""Hellcats"". Matthew Jerome

"Super Bowl XXXVIII"
Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season. The Patriots defeated the Panthers by a score of 32–29. The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004. At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers. The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record. They also

"Carolina Panthers"
championship in 2003, 2008, 2013, 2014, and 2015. They are the first and only team to win the NFC South back to back and have won the NFC South more times than any other team in the division. They have finished as runners-up in their division six times, finishing second-place in the NFC West in 1997 and 1999 and finishing second-place in the NFC South in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2012. They have qualified for the playoffs 8 times, most recently in 2017. Kicker John Kasay is the team's career points leader. Kasay scored 1,482 points during his 16 seasons

record and winning the NFC West division, as well as securing a first-round bye. The Panthers beat the defending Super Bowl champions Dallas Cowboys in the divisional round before losing the NFC Championship Game to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the Green Bay Packers. The team managed only a finish in 1997 and slipped to in 1998, leading to Capers' dismissal as head coach. The Panthers hired former San Francisco 49ers head coach George Seifert to replace Capers, and he led the team to an record in 1999. The team finished in 2000 and fell to in 2001, winning their

NFC Championship Game. They did not have another winning season until 2003, when they won the NFC Championship Game and reached Super Bowl XXXVIII, losing 32–29 to the New England Patriots. After recording playoff appearances in 2005 and 2008, the team failed to record another playoff appearance until 2013, the first of three consecutive NFC South titles. After losing in the divisional round to the San Francisco 49ers in 2013 and the Seattle Seahawks in 2014, the Panthers returned to the Super Bowl in 2015, but lost to the Denver Broncos. The Panthers have reached the playoffs seven times, advancing

game to New Orleans, finishing the 2004 season at . Had they won the game, the Panthers would have made the playoffs. The team improved to in 2005, finishing second in the division behind Tampa Bay and clinching a playoff berth as a wild-card. In the first round of the playoffs, the Panthers went on the road to face the New York Giants, beating them 23–0 for the NFL's first playoff shutout against a home team since 1980. The following week, they beat Chicago 29–21 on the road, but lost key players Julius Peppers, a defensive end, and DeShaun Foster,

after the season ended, and the team did not retain him or his staff. The team hired Ron Rivera to replace Fox as head coach and drafted Auburn's Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Cam Newton with the first overall pick in the 2011 NFL Draft. The Panthers opened the 2011 season , but finished with a record, and Newton was awarded the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year award after setting the NFL record for most rushing touchdowns from a quarterback (14) in a single season and becoming the first rookie NFL quarterback to throw for over 4,000 yards in a single

the best regular-season record in NFC history. The Panthers also secured their third consecutive NFC South championship, as well as their first overall top-seeded playoff berth. In the 2015–16 playoffs, the Panthers defeated the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Divisional playoffs, 31–24, after shutting them out in the first half, 31–0, and the Arizona Cardinals, 49–15, in the NFC Championship Game to advance to Super Bowl 50, their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2003 season. The Panthers lost a defensive struggle to the AFC champion Denver Broncos, 24–10. In the 2016 season, the Panthers regressed on their 15–1 record

a running back, who were both injured during the game. The Panthers were then defeated 34–14 by the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Championship Game, ending their season. Although the Panthers went into the 2006 season as favorites to win the NFC South, they finished with a disappointing record. The team finished the 2007 season with a record after losing quarterback Jake Delhomme early in the season due to an elbow injury. In 2008, the Panthers rebounded with a regular season record, winning the NFC South and securing a first-round bye. They were eliminated in the divisional round of the

record. Ron Rivera, the team's current head coach, has held the position since 2011 and has led the team to three playoff appearances including Super Bowl 50 which the Panthers also lost. Counting playoff games, he has a career record of 67–51–1 (.567). Statistically, Rivera has the highest winning percentage of any Panthers head coach. Since they began playing football in 1995, the Panthers have been to four NFC Championship Games; they lost two (1996 and 2005) and won two (2003 and 2015). The Panthers have won six division championships: the NFC West championship in 1996 and the NFC South

games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina during its first season. The team hosts its annual training camp at Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The head coach is Ron Rivera. The Panthers were announced as the league's 29th franchise in 1993, and began play in 1995 under original owner and founder Jerry Richardson. The Panthers played well in their first two years, finishing in 1995 (an all-time best for an NFL expansion team's first season) and 12–4 the following year, winning the NFC West before ultimately losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers in the

"Mark Shuttleworth"
Mark Shuttleworth Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African entrepreneur who is the founder and CEO of Canonical Ltd., the company behind the development of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. In 2002, he became the first South African to travel to space as a space tourist. He lives on the Isle of Man and holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom. Born in Welkom in South Africa's Orange Free State to a surgeon and a nursery-school teacher, Shuttleworth attended school at Western Province Preparatory School (where he eventually became Head Boy in 1986),

the lower courts, ruling that the dominant purpose of exit charge was to regulate conduct rather than to raise revenue. Mark Shuttleworth Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African entrepreneur who is the founder and CEO of Canonical Ltd., the company behind the development of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. In 2002, he became the first South African to travel to space as a space tourist. He lives on the Isle of Man and holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom. Born in Welkom in South Africa's Orange Free State to a surgeon

Ubuntu
Ubuntu Ubuntu (; stylized as ubuntu) is a free and open-source operating system and Linux distribution based on Debian. Ubuntu is offered in three official editions: Ubuntu Desktop for personal computers, Ubuntu Server for servers and the cloud, and Ubuntu Core for Internet of things devices and robots. New releases of Ubuntu occur every six months, while long-term support (LTS) releases occur every two years. The latest release is 18.10 (Cosmic Cuttlefish), while the most recent long-term support release, 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver), is supported for ten years. Ubuntu is produced by Canonical and the developer community, under a meritocratic

Ubuntu
Canonical, considering the various improvements introduced to the feature in the meantime to render it conformable with the Data Protection Directive. According to European rules, this ruling is automatically effective in the entirety of the European Union. However, the ruling also made clear that at the time of introduction the feature was not legal, among other things, since it was missing a privacy policy statement. In an effort to reach out to users who are less technical, and to foster a sense of community around the distribution, Local Communities, better known as ""LoCos"", have been established throughout the world. Originally,

Kubuntu
integrated in the standard KWin installation, and enabled by default. The birth date of Kubuntu was 10 December 2004 at the Ubuntu Mataro Conference in Mataró, Spain. Canonical employee Andreas Mueller, from Gnoppix, had the idea to make a Ubuntu KDE deviate and got the allowance from Mark Shuttleworth to start the first Ubuntu deviate, called Kubuntu. On the same evening Chris Halls from the Openoffice project and Jonathan Riddell from KDE started volunteering to the newborn Project. Mark Shuttleworth, in an interview shortly after Ubuntu (which now uses the Unity desktop environment, previously having used GNOME) was started, stated:

"Ubuntu Forums"
Ubuntu Forums The Ubuntu Forums is the official forum for the Ubuntu operating system. As of December 2013, The Ubuntu Forums has 1,880,658 registered members and more than 2,000,670 threads. The Ubuntu Forums currently runs on the forum software vBulletin. On July 20, 2013 the site was compromised, with attacker(s) both defacing the site and gaining access to ""all user email addresses and hashed passwords"" The site was compromised once again on July 15, 2016. ""Usernames, email addresses and IPs for 2 million users"" were compromised but 'no active passwords' were accessed. The Ubuntu Forums were created by Ryan Troy

"Ubuntu philosophy"
centre. Ubuntu was the theme of the 76th General Convention of the American Episcopal Church. The logo includes the text ""I in You and You in Me"". In October 2004 Mark Shuttleworth, a South African entrepreneur and owner of UK based company Canonical Ltd., founded the Ubuntu Foundation that is the company behind the creation of a computer operating system based on Debian Linux. He named the Linux distribution Ubuntu. In film, the English translation of the proverb lent its hand to forming the title of pop singer Madonna's documentary, ""I Am Because We Are"" about Malawian orphans. A character

Ubuntu
governance model. Canonical provides free guaranteed security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date and until the release reaches its predesignated end-of-life (EOL) date. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to Ubuntu. Ubuntu is named after the Southern African philosophy of """" (literally, 'human-ness'), which Canonical suggests can be loosely translated as ""humanity to others"" or ""I am what I am because of who we all are"". Ubuntu is the most popular operating system for the cloud, and is the reference operating system for OpenStack. Ubuntu is built on Debian's architecture

of ""ubuntu"" in the TRC process. Another is that there are several differing and historically developing interpretations of ""ubuntu"", some of which have evident political implications and reflect non-factual and creative uses of history. The term ""ubuntu"" appears in South African sources from as early as the mid-19th century. Reported translations covered the semantic field of ""human nature, humanness, humanity; virtue, goodness, kindness"". Grammatically, the word combines the root ""-ntʊ̀"" ""person, human being"" with the class 14 ""ubu-"" prefix forming abstract nouns, so that the term is exactly parallel in formation to the abstract noun ""humanity"". The concept was popularised

"United Nations University"
United Nations University The (UNU), established in 1973, is the academic and research arm of the United Nations. It is headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, with diplomatic status as a UN institution. Since 2010, UNU has been authorized by the United Nations General Assembly to grant degrees. It also provides a bridge between the UN and the international academic, policy-making and private sector communities. The university is headed by a rector, who holds the rank of Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations. To date, there have been six Rectors at UNU. The current Rector, since March 2013, is Dr. David M.

"Chest pain"
dispatchers to recommend it in people with no recent serious bleeding. Supplemental oxygen was used in the past for most people with chest pain but is not needed unless the oxygen saturations are less than 94% or there are signs of respiratory distress. Entonox is frequently used by EMS personnel in the prehospital environment. However, there is little evidence about its effectiveness. Hospital care of chest pain begins with initial survey of a person's vital signs, airway and breathing, and level of consciousness. This may also include attachment of ECG leads, cardiac monitors, intravenous lines and other medical devices depending

"Thrombosis prevention"
quantifying the risk for developing blood clots and a plan of care developed from the assessment. The person's risk for developing blood clots is entered into their record, ‘following’ them through their treatment regime. If the hospital stay exceeded three days, the person was reassessed for risk. Clinicians were then able to apply protocols for prevention based upon best clinical practices. Immobility is a significant risk factor in the development of thrombosis. Immediate post-surgical interventions,(out of bed orders (OOB), are typically ordered by the physician to prevent thrombosis. These orders are typically delegated to a nurse, but may include the

mellitus, smoking, and obesity Cumulative score: If acute coronary syndrome (""heart attack"") is suspected, many people are admitted briefly for observation, sequential ECGs, and measurement of cardiac enzymes in the blood over time. On occasion, further tests on follow up may determine the cause. On the basis of the above, a number of tests may be ordered: Management of chest pain varies with the underlying cause of the pain and the stage of care. Chest pain is a common symptom encountered by emergency medical services. Aspirin increases survival in people with acute coronary syndrome and it is reasonable for EMS

on initial evaluation. After evaluation of a person's history, risk factors, physical examination, laboratory testing and imaging, management begins depending on suspected diagnoses. Depending upon the diagnosis, a person may be placed in the intensive care unit, admitted to the hospital, or be treated outpatient. For persons with suspected cardiac chest pain or acute coronary syndrome, or other emergent diagnoses such as pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, or aortic dissection, admission to the hospital is most often recommended for further treatment. For people with non-cardiac chest pain, cognitive behavioral therapy might be helpful on an outpatient basis. A 2015 Cochrane review found

"Obstetrical forceps"
the after-coming head in breech delivery. The cervix must be fully dilated and retracted and the membranes ruptured. The urinary bladder should be empty, perhaps with the use of a catheter. High forceps are never indicated in the modern era. Mid forceps can occasionally be indicated but require operator skill and caution. The station of the head must be at the level of the ischial spines. The woman is placed on her back, usually with the aid of stirrups or assistants to support her legs. A regional anaesthetic (usually either a spinal, epidural or pudendal block is used to help

prognostic and diagnostic value. Other physical exam findings suggestive of cardiac chest pain may include hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, and new heart murmurs. Chest pain that is reproducible during the physical exam with contact of the chest wall is more indicative of non-cardiac chest pain, but still cannot completely rule out acute coronary syndrome. For this reason, in general, additional tests are required to establish the diagnosis. In the emergency department the typical approach to chest pain involves ruling out the most dangerous causes: heart attack, pulmonary embolism, thoracic aortic dissection, esophageal rupture, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade. By elimination or

"Abdominal thrusts"
be able to make much sound at all. A universal sign of choking has been designated as a silent indication from a person who is unable to breathe, and consists of placing both hands on one's own throat while trying to attract the attention of others who might assist. Both the American Red Cross and UK National Health Service (NHS) advise that as a first resort, a rescuer should encourage the patient to cough out the obstruction. As a second resort, the rescuer should give them five slaps on the back. Abdominal thrusts are recommended only if these methods fail.

"Emergency ultrasound"
showing hyperdynamic left heart with a flat, collapsible IVC indicates low blood volume. If the person also has a fever, the clinician may determine sepsis, or severe infection is causing the problem. If that same hypotensive person has back pain instead of a fever, the clinician may see an abdominal aortic aneurysm that is leaking or ruptured. Conversely, weak heart activity and a very full, non-collapsible IVC would indicate a cardiac cause for low blood pressure. For those presenting with acute shortness of breath, ultrasound assessment of the lung, heart, and IVC can evaluate for potentially life-threatening diseases, including pneumothorax,

persons, it has also been used by paramedics in combat zones, and for non-traumatic problems such as ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Similarly, emergency ultrasound can also evaluate the lungs for hemothorax (bleeding in the chest), and pneumothorax (a puncture resulting in air trapped in the chest and lung collapse). People presenting with hypotension of unknown cause, ultrasound has been utilized to determine the cause of shock. Evaluation of the heart and inferior vena cava (IVC) can help the clinician at the bedside choose important treatments and monitor the response to the interventions. A person who has hypotension and a bedside ultrasound

"Management of scoliosis"
body. To prevent overdoses, there is a limit on the number of times a patient can push the button. If a patient pushes the button too much at once, the PCA will reject the request. For the patient's bladder control, a catheter will be inserted so that a patient can urinate without having to move. A catheter is inserted because the patient will not have much free movement to be able to get up and walk to the bathroom. The most common type of catheter used after major surgeries is an indwelling Foley catheter. The indwelling Foley catheter is most

"2014 Winter Olympics medal table"
2014 Winter Olympics medal table The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines. Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the leading position in the medal table on 24 November 2017, when Russia was stripped of two gold medals in bobsleigh. However,

achieve six Winter Olympic medals over six consecutive games, all achieved at the men's singles event. Speed skater Ireen Wüst from the Netherlands achieved five medals (two gold and three silver), more than any other athlete. Korean-born Russian short track speed skater Viktor Ahn, Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen, and Belarusian biathlete Darya Domracheva tied for the most gold medals, with three each. The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals

2018 Games. 3 Russian athletes are still waiting for their hearing which will be conducted after the 2018 Games. General Specific 2014 Winter Olympics medal table The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines. Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the

which also puts the other eight team medalists at risk of losing their golds. In November 2017 the proceeding against Sotnikova was dropped. Six cross-country skiers were suspended from competition on the basis of the McLaren Report: Evgeniy Belov, Alexander Legkov, Alexey Petukhov, Maxim Vylegzhanin, Yulia Ivanova and Evgenia Shapovalova. Legkov won a gold and silver medals, and Vylegzhanin won three silver medals. The IOC disqualified all six from Sochi, imposed lifetime bans and, in the process, stripped Legkov and Vylegzhanin of the medals they had won in four events (three individual medals and one team medal). On 1 February

at the end of January 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport cleared 28 Russian athletes and 9 out of 13 medals (including 3 gold) were reinstated, allowing Russia to return to the top position. The Netherlands achieved four podium sweeps in the speed skating, dominating the men's 500 metres, men's 5,000 metres, men's 10,000 metres, and women's 1,500 metres, surpassing the previous record of two podium sweeps. Slovenia won its first Winter Olympics gold medal ever, in alpine skiing. This was also the first Winter Olympic gold medal tie. Luger Armin Zöggeler of Italy became the first athlete to

well. Three other athletes who didn't win medals (Alexander Kasjanov, Ilvir Huzin, Aleksei Pushkarev) were banned on November 29, 2017. Biathlete Olga Zaitseva who won silver in a relay was disqualified on 1 December 2017. Two other athletes, Anastasia Dotsenko and Yuliya Chekalyova, were also banned, bringing the total to 31 (six Russian ice hockey players were sanctioned shortly after). Speed skaters Ivan Skobrev and Artyom Kuznetsov, lugers Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova, bobsledders Liudmila Udobkina and Maxim Belugin were disqualified on 22 December 2017, bringing the total to 43. Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova were also stripped of their silver

their medals on 27 November 2017. The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation suspended four Russian skeleton sliders. They were Alexander Tretyakov, Elena Nikitina, Maria Orlova and Olga Potylitsina. Tretyakov won a gold medal, and Nikitina won a bronze. On 22 November 2017, the IOC stripped these medals and imposed lifetime Olympic bans on all four. Seven Russian female ice hockey players were to have hearings before the Oswald Commission on 22 November 2017. The identities of the seven players have not been revealed. Two of the seven are accused of submitting samples showing readings that were physically impossible to be

2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld five out of six appeals (except for Ivanova whose appeal was overturned), and their results were restored. Nikita Kryukov, Alexander Bessmertnykh and Natalya Matveyeva were disqualified on 22 December 2017. These decisions were also overturned by the CAS on 1 February 2018. The IOC intends to appeal these decisions. The International Biathlon Union suspended two Russian biathletes who were in the Sochi games: Olga Vilukhina and Yana Romanova. Vilukhina won silver in sprint, and both women were on a relay team that won the silver medal. They were disqualified and stripped of

"2014 Winter Olympics"
record and a history of consistent drug testing would be allowed to participate as ""Olympic Athletes from Russia"" (OAR). The IOC's Oswald Commission disqualified and banned 43 Russian athletes, and stripped thirteen medals they earned in Sochi. On 1 February 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence for 28 athletes, and overturned their IOC sanctions. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC said in a statement that ""the result

held by a woman. The Russian women's ice hockey team finished sixth at Sochi 2014. On December 12, 2017 six of them were disqualified. Tatiana Burina and Anna Shukina were also disqualified ten days later. On 24 November 2017, the IOC disqualified and imposed lifetime Olympic bans on bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov who won two gold medals and speed skater Olga Fatkulina who won a silver medal. All their results were disqualified, resulting in Russia losing its first place in the medal standings. On 27 November 2017, Russian bobsledders Aleksei Negodaylo, Dmitry Trunenkov, and skeleton racer Sergei Chudinov were sanctioned as

"Urinary system"
milliliters (mL) of urine are normally produced every day in a healthy human. This amount varies according to fluid intake and kidney function. The urinary system refers to the structures that produce and transport urine to the point of excretion. In the human urinary system there are two kidneys that are located between the dorsal body wall and parietal peritoneum on both the left and right sides. The formation of urine begins within the functional unit of the kidney, the nephrons. Urine then flows through the nephrons, through a system of converging tubules called collecting ducts. These collecting ducts then

join together to form the minor calyces, followed by the major calyces that ultimately join the renal pelvis. From here, urine continues its flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter, transporting urine into the urinary bladder. The anatomy of the human urinary system differs between males and females at the level of the urinary bladder. In males, the urethra begins at the internal urethral orifice in the trigone of the bladder, continues through the external urethral orifice, and then becomes the prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and penile urethra. Urine exits through the external urethral meatus. The female urethra is much

Ureter
different ducts fulfill the same role in amphibians and fish. Ureter In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and around in diameter. Histologically, the ureter is lined by the urothelium, a type of transitional epithelium, and has an additional smooth muscle layer in the more distal one-third to assist with peristalsis. In humans, the ureters arise from the pelvis of each kidney, and descend on top of the psoas major muscle to reach the brim of the

Ureter
Ureter In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and around in diameter. Histologically, the ureter is lined by the urothelium, a type of transitional epithelium, and has an additional smooth muscle layer in the more distal one-third to assist with peristalsis. In humans, the ureters arise from the pelvis of each kidney, and descend on top of the psoas major muscle to reach the brim of the pelvis. Here, they cross in front of the common iliac

Kudzu
in leaf litter associated with kudzu infestation results in changes to decomposition processes and a 28% reduction in stocks of soil carbon, with potential implications for processes involved in climate change. Kudzu was introduced from Japan into the United States at the Japanese pavilion in the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. In the 1930s and 1940s, the vine was rebranded as a way for farmers to stop soil erosion. Workers were paid $8 per acre to sow topsoil with the invasive vine. The cultivation covered over one million acres of kudzu. It is now common along roadsides and other disturbed

"Kudzu in the United States"
to the 30th parallel north (the island of Kuchinoshima) and many of the lowlands and the islands. In Korea, kudzu grows in areas where the temperature can drop to . The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition. The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches, and in the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a high-protein content cattle fodder and as

Kudzu
areas throughout most of the southeastern United States as far north as rural areas of Pulaski County, Illinois. Estimates of its rate of spreading differ wildly; it has been described as spreading at the rate of annually, although in 2015 the United States Forest Service estimated the rate to be only 2,500 acres per year. Kudzu was discovered July 2009 in a patch wide and across, on a south-facing slope on the shore of Lake Erie near Leamington, Ontario, about southeast of Windsor. Leamington is located in the second warmest growing region of Canada after south coastal British Columbia. Ecologist

a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government-aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government-funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare. By 1946, it was estimated that of kudzu had been planted. When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms, kudzu plantings were left unattended. The climate and environment of the Southeastern United

kudzu as it became a ""structural parasite"" of the South, enveloping entire structures when untreated and often referred to as ""the vine that ate the South"". The word ""kudzu"" comes from the Japanese word for the plant, 葛, or ""kuzu"". Kudzu is believed to have originated in Japan, where the ecosystem (primarily the tendency of kudzu to experience above-ground die back over winter) kept the vine from becoming a nuisance, and it is thought to have been introduced to China and likely Korea. In Japan, kudzu thrives in mountainous regions, ranging from the 44th parallel north (the island of Hokkaido)

States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked. In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970. By 1997, the vine was placed on the ""Federal Noxious Weed List"". Today, kudzu is estimated to cover of land in the southeastern United States, mostly in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Mississippi. It has been recorded in Nova Scotia, Canada, in Columbus, Ohio, and in all five boroughs of New York City. In the United States, kudzu has been used as livestock

to make hay that sick animals will eat. The starch is used in Japanese cuisine, and is widely consumed as such in that country. Kudzu is also used as a food crop in Java, Sumatra, and Malaya, and can be found in Puerto Rico and South America. Other uses may include: paper products, food products, insect repellents (the smoke from burning leaves), honey, and methane production. Kudzu also has potential as a source for biofuel. Kudzu was intentionally introduced to North America by the Soil Erosion Service and Civilian Conservation Corp in 1876 for the purpose of controlling soil erosion

Kudzu in the United States Kudzu is an invasive plant species in the United States. It has been spreading in the southern U.S. at the rate of 150,000 acres (61,000 ha) annually, ""easily outpacing the use of herbicide spraying and mowing, as well increasing the costs of these controls by $6 million annually"". This claim, however, was disputed in 2015 with the United States Forest Service estimating an increase of only 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) per year. Its introduction has produced devastating environmental consequences. This has earned it the nickname, ""The vine that ate the South"". Kudzu is a perennial

Gaur
trophies. ""Bos gaurus"" is listed in CITES Appendix I, and is legally protected in all range states. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources have been put into place in order to help reinforce the Gaur population. On 8 January 2001, the first cloned gaur was born at Trans Ova Genetics in Sioux Center, Iowa. The calf was carried and brought successfully to term by a surrogate mother, a domestic cow (""Bos taurus""). While healthy at birth, the calf died within 48 hours of a common dysentery, most likely unrelated to cloning. In his first description of 1804, Aylmer Bourke Lambert applied

"Munchkin cat"
the short-legged trait has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and that the cats did not appear to have any spinal problems associated with those found in short-legged dog breeds such as the Corgi and Dachshund. The Munchkin cat was first introduced to the general public in 1991 via a national network televised cat show held by The International Cat Association (TICA) in Madison Square Garden. Critics predicted that the breed would develop back, hip and leg problems similar to those that plague some Dachshunds. Amidst much controversy, the Munchkin was proposed as a new breed by foundation breeders Laurie

name the cell which is attached to the lateral side of sieve tube

Lamellipodium
of fish and frogs, which are involved in the quick repair of wounds. The lamellipodia of these keratinocytes allow them to move at speeds of 10–20 μm / min over epithelial surfaces. When separated from the main part of a cell, a lamellipodium can still crawl about freely on its own. Lamellipodia are a characteristic feature at the front, leading edge, of motile cells. They are believed to be the actual motor which pulls the cell forward during the process of cell migration. The tip of the lamellipodium is the site where exocytosis occurs in migrating mammalian cells as part

Nephridium
In freshwater crustacea, the saccate metanephridia are especially large because they are involved in osmoregulation. They have to remove large amounts of water from the tissues, as the crustacean's tissues are hypertonic to the surrounding water. A protonephridium (""proto"" = ""first"") is a network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Rotifera and Chordata (lancelets). The ends are called ""flame cells"" (if ciliated) or ""solenocytes"" (if flagellated); they function in osmoregulation and ionoregulation, respectively. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more cilia and their

"Mediastinum testis"
Mediastinum testis The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the top to near the bottom of each testis. It is wider above than below. Numerous imperfect septa are given off from its front and sides, which radiate toward the surface of the testes and are attached to the tunica albuginea. These divide the interior of the testes into a number of incomplete spaces called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete

"Tube feet"
Tube feet Tube feet are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, whether the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers. They are part of the water vascular system. Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration. The tube feet in a starfish are arranged in grooves along the arms. They operate through hydraulic pressure. They are used to pass food to the oral mouth at the center, and can attach to surfaces. A starfish that is overturned simply turns one arm over and attaches it to a

Stomochord
Stomochord The stomochord is a flexible, hollow tube found in hemichordates. Stomochords arise in embryonic development as an outpocketing from the roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx. In adults, they extend dorsally from the pharynx into the proboscis, and serve to communicate with the oral cavity. Their walls are composed primarily of epithelial cells, but ciliated and glandular cells are also present. Stomochords were initially considered a variant of a primitive notochord, a defining feature of chordates. However, they are now recognized to not share histological composition to that of the notochord found in chordates, lacking the

Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) (from the Greek word ""ψευδοποδός"", ""ψευδός"" ""false"" + ""ποδός"" ""foot"") is a temporary cytoplasm-filled projection of an eukaryotic cell membrane or a unicellular protist. Pseudopods may be used for motility, or for ingesting nutrients or other particulate matter. Cells that make pseudopods are generally referred to as amoeboids. Pseudopods extend and contract by the reversible assembly of actin subunits into many microfilaments. Filaments near the cell's end interact with myosin which causes contraction. The pseudopod extends itself until the actin reassembles itself into a network. It is supposed that actin polymerization

"Fimbriae of uterine tube"
Fimbriae of uterine tube In the female reproductive system, the fimbria (plural, fimbriae) is a fringe of tissue around the ostium of the Fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary. An ovary is not directly connected to its adjacent Fallopian tube. When ovulation is about to occur, the sex hormones activate the fimbriae, causing it to swell with blood and hit the ovary in a gentle, sweeping motion. An oocyte is released from the ovary into the peritoneal cavity and the cilia of the fimbriae sweep the ovum into the Fallopian tube. Of all fimbriae, one fimbria is long

"Sieve tube element"
tubes. The major difference between sieve cells and sieve tube members is the lack of sieve plates in sieve cells. They have a very narrow diameter and tend to be longer in length than sieve tube elements as they are generally associated with albuminous cells. Similar to how Sieve Tube members are associated with companion cells, sieve cells are flanked with albuminous cells in order to aid in transporting organic material. Albuminous cells have long, unspecialized areas with ends that overlap with those of other sieve cells and contain nutrients and store food in order to nourish tissues. They enable

"Tubuli seminiferi recti"
Tubuli seminiferi recti The tubuli seminiferi recti (also known as the tubuli recti, tubulus rectus, or straight seminiferous tubules) are structures in the testicle connecting the convoluted region of the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis, although the tubuli recti have a different appearance distinguishing them from these two structures. They enter the fibrous tissue of the mediastinum, and pass upward and backward, forming, in their ascent, a close network of anastomosing tubes which are merely channels in the fibrous stroma, lined by flattened epithelium, and having no proper walls; this constitutes the rete testis. Only Sertoli cells line the

Suspensor
Suspensor Suspensors are anatomical structures found in certain fungi and plants. In fungi, suspensors are filamentous structural formations having the function of holding a zygospore between two strains of hyphae. In plants, suspensors are found in zygotes in angiosperms, connecting the endosperm to an embryo. Usually in dicots the suspensor cells divide transversally a few times to form a filamentous suspensor of 6-10 cells. The suspensor helps in pushing the embryo into the endosperm. The first cell of the suspensor towards the micropylar end becomes swollen and functions as a haustorium. The haustorium has wall ingrowths similar to those of

"Lunar Flag Assembly"
Lunar Flag Assembly The Lunar Flag Assembly (LFA) was a kit containing a flag of the United States designed to be planted by astronauts on the Moon during the Apollo program. Six such flag assemblies were planted on the Moon. The nylon flags were hung on telescoping staffs and horizontal bars constructed of one-inch anodized aluminum tubes. The flags were carried on the outside of the Apollo Lunar Module, most of them on the descent ladder inside a thermally insulated tubular case to protect them from exhaust gas temperatures calculated to reach . The assembly was designed and supervised by

16, and Apollo 17 missions were still standing as of 2012. Some experts theorize that the colors of some flags may have turned white due to sunlight and space radiation, or that the fabric might have disintegrated entirely. Lunar Flag Assembly The Lunar Flag Assembly (LFA) was a kit containing a flag of the United States designed to be planted by astronauts on the Moon during the Apollo program. Six such flag assemblies were planted on the Moon. The nylon flags were hung on telescoping staffs and horizontal bars constructed of one-inch anodized aluminum tubes. The flags were carried on

as not to cut into the lunar payload, and weighed . The crew of Apollo 12, Charles P. ""Pete"" Conrad and Alan Bean, had trouble with the latch mechanism which was supposed to keep the supporting pole horizontal, so the flag they deployed drooped at an angle. In response to this, the assembly was improved to include a double-latch locking mechanism for subsequent missions. The flags deployed on the last three landing flights were carried in the Modular Equipment Stowage Assembly (MESA, an equipment drawer which opened from the side of the Lunar Module) rather than on the ladder. This

eliminated the need for the thermal protection shroud. The flag which had hung in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) in the Mission Control Center through all the prior Apollo landings was flown to the Moon for the final mission, Apollo 17. This flag measured 20% wider and higher than the others, therefore it required a long horizontal pole. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt carried a second, identical flag to the Moon and back, and presented it to flight controller Gene Kranz after the flight, to replace the one left on the Moon. Buzz Aldrin reported that the Apollo 11

was made clear the United States had no intention of making a territorial claim to the Moon, no serious controversy materialized. In fact, the United States Congress passed a bill in November 1969, which was signed into law by President Nixon, stating: About three months prior to the July 1969 Apollo 11 mission, Robert Gilruth, Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) and a member of the Committee on Symbolic Activities, still needed to select someone to design the flag assembly. He asked Jack Kinzler, head of technical services at MSC and also known as ""Mr. Fix It"" for the

"Starry Plough (flag)"
Starry Plough (flag) The Starry Plough banner () is a flag which was originally used by the Irish Citizen Army, a socialist Irish republican movement, and subsequently adopted by other Irish political organizations. The original Starry Plough was designed by George William Russell for the Irish Citizen Army and showed silver stars on a green background. The flag depicts an asterism (an identified part) of the constellation Ursa Major, called ""The Plough"" (or ""Starry Plough"") in Ireland and Britain, the ""Big Dipper"" in North America, and various other names worldwide. Two of the Plough's seven stars point to Polaris, the

flag, placed about from the centerline of the ""Eagle"" landing craft, was blown over by the blast of the rocket exhaust during takeoff. Because of this, care was taken by subsequent crews to place the flags at greater distances from the Lunar Module. The landing on Apollo 13 was aborted due to a major spacecraft malfunction encountered before reaching the Moon. The flag carried on that flight was destroyed with the Lunar Module ""Aquarius"" when it reentered the Earth's atmosphere. A review of photographs taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) indicates that flags placed during the Apollo 12, Apollo

altered only by sewing the top hem, its packaging, tolerance of environmental conditions, and means of deployment presented minor engineering challenges. The horizontal and vertical poles were each made of one-inch aluminum tubes in two telescoping parts, anodized with a gold color. Due to the limits of the astronauts' spacesuits, the total height of the flagpole was limited to their minimum and maximum reach. The flag cost $5.50 and the tubing cost $75. The flag assembly was stored immediately behind the left side of the LM ladder. Due to the exhaust from the descent engine, the temperatures were calculated to

Jack Kinzler, head of technical services at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas. Six of the flags were ordered from a government supply catalog and measured ; the last one planted on the Moon was the slightly larger, -wide flag which had hung in the Mission Operations Control Room in the Manned Spacecraft Center for most of the Apollo program. In January 1969, President Richard M. Nixon set an international tone for the Apollo program in his inaugural address: This inspired an idea, discussed within NASA, of having the astronauts plant a United Nations flag on the first landing.

The wing of the eagle partially overlays the Moon, suggesting man's established presence there. The gaze of Apollo and the direction of the eagle's motion embody man's intention to explore further destinations in space. The patch includes, along with the colors of the U.S. flag (red, white, and blue), the color gold, representative of a ""golden age"" of spaceflight that was to begin with Apollo 17. The image of Apollo in the mission insignia is a rendering of the ""Apollo Belvedere"" sculpture. The insignia was designed by Robert McCall, with input from the crew. Like Apollo 15 and Apollo 16,

"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (UK)"
Day 1 and was the first celebrity to be evicted on Day 5. Les Dennis (born Leslie Dennis Heseltine; 12 October 1953) is a British comedian, television presenter, and actor, best known for presenting ""Family Fortunes"" from 1987 to 2002. He was fifth to enter the house on Day 1. Dennis was commonly remembered in the series for his depression, which was caused following his split from then-wife Amanda Holden. He later described his time in the house as ""not one of his wisest moves"". However, he continued to be on programme and was declared the runner-up. Mark Owen (born

"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)"
in the United Kingdom and immediately became a ratings success. Following the success of the first series, it was confirmed that a celebrity edition of the show was in the works. ""Celebrity Big Brother"" aired in March 2001 as a one-time special on Channel 4 in association with the BBC's ""Comic Relief"" charity telethon. Due to the tie-in with Comic Relief, the first series was partly broadcast on BBC One in the week leading up to the telethon. It lasted for eight days, and was ultimately won by comedian Jack Dee. With the first series proving to be a success,

"Celebrity Big Brother 12 (UK)"
an English singer, rapper, dancer, record producer and DJ. He has sold over 20 million records as a member and lead singer of boy band Five. He also released his debut studio album, ""Abstract Theory"" in 2003, which earned him a further three top ten hits. Abz entered the house on Day 1. Whilst in the house, he spoke in the Diary Room of his difficulty in social situations, and revealed that he has Aspergers syndrome. On Day 23, Abz left in second place, losing to Charlotte Crosby. Bruce Jones (born Ian Roy Jones) is an English actor who is

"Big Brother (UK TV series)"
that the series would be broadcast by Channel 4 and E4. Casting for the series began shortly afterwards. Davina McCall was later revealed to be the presenter for the series. The first series premiered on 18 July 2000, and ended when housemate Craig Phillips was crowned the winner after 64 days in the House. The series proved to be a hit early in its run, leading to a second series. ""Big Brother 2"" premiered on 25 May 2001, and continued to have the success of the previous series. The series concluded on 27 July 2001, when Brian Dowling was crowned

an English reality television personality, who rose to fame as a cast member in the MTV reality series, ""Geordie Shore"" from series 1 onwards. She is also known for her on-again off-again relationship with co-star Gaz Beadle. She entered the House on Day 1. On Day 23, Crosby was crowned the winner of the series, beating Abz Love. Courtney Alexis Stodden, (born 29 August 1994), is an American tabloid personality. She made headlines with her marriage to ""Green Mile"" actor Doug Hutchison in 2011, when he was 51 and she was just 16. She entered the house on Day 1

"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (UK)"
Celebrity Big Brother 1 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 1, also referred to as Celebrity Big Brother 2001, was the first series of the British reality television show ""Celebrity Big Brother"". The show is based on an originally Dutch TV series of the same name created by producer John de Mol in 1997. In honour of ""Comic Relief"", six celebrities entered the Big Brother house. The series premiered on 9 March 2001, and lasted for a total of eight days. It concluded on 16 March 2001 when comedian Jack Dee was crowned the winner. The series revolved around a group of

"Big Brother 1 (UK)"
from the show's psychiatrist. Big Brother 1 (UK) Big Brother 2000, also retrospectively known as Big Brother 1, was the first series of the British reality television series ""Big Brother"". The show followed eleven contestants, known as housemates, who were isolated from the outside world for an extended period of time in a custom built House. Each week, one or more of the housemates were evicted by a public vote. The last remaining housemate, Craig Phillips, was declared the winner, winning a cash prize of £70,000. The series lasted 64 days and was presented by Davina McCall. It launched on

Big Brother 1 (UK) Big Brother 2000, also retrospectively known as Big Brother 1, was the first series of the British reality television series ""Big Brother"". The show followed eleven contestants, known as housemates, who were isolated from the outside world for an extended period of time in a custom built House. Each week, one or more of the housemates were evicted by a public vote. The last remaining housemate, Craig Phillips, was declared the winner, winning a cash prize of £70,000. The series lasted 64 days and was presented by Davina McCall. It launched on Channel 4 on 18

27 January 1972) is an English singer-songwriter, known for being a member of pop group Take That. After the band split up in 1996, Owen became the first ex-member to release solo material. His debut studio album ""Green Man"" charted at number 33, which included the singles ""Child"", ""Clementine"" and ""I Am What I Am"". On Day 1, Mark was sixth to enter the house. He was later announced as the winner of the series, earning 77% of the public vote and beating Les. He broke down in tears when he left the house, overwhelmed by the fans' support. Melinda

and was won by Chantelle Houghton, who ironically enough was the only housemate to not be a celebrity. The fifth series launched on 3 January 2007. This series saw Jade Goody, who had rose to fame after appearing on ""Big Brother 3"", enter the house as a housemate. The fifth series became the most controversial series to date, when accusations of racism towards housemate Shilpa Shetty arose against Goody and other housemates. Shetty ultimately went on to win the series, while Goody was evicted after spending two weeks in the house. Following the controversy surrounding the fifth series, ""Celebrity Big

"The Strangers (2008 film)"
a $9 million budget, filming for ""The Strangers"" began on October 10, 2006, and finished in early 2007. It was shot on location roughly 10 miles outside of Florence, South Carolina, and the house interior was constructed by a set crew. Though the film takes place in 2005, the house itself was deliberately constructed with an architecture reminiscent of 1970s ranch houses and dressed in furnishings applicable to the era. Bertino based the house on the types of homes common where he had grown up in rural Texas. The property was located on the outskirts of Timmonsville, South Carolina. Despite

"The Strangers: Prey at Night"
In June 2017, it was announced Martin Henderson had also joined the cast, along with other cast members. Filming began in June 2017 in Covington, Kentucky and lower Cincinnati which concluded on July 10, 2017. Bailee Madison's boyfriend Alex Lange has visited the set of the movie while the events of filming. There was once an event called ""The Strangers: Prey at Night Experience"", in which people visited. Bailee Madison did almost all of her stunts and had some minor injuries including, a broken toe along with some bruises while filming. On set, the cast explained how horrifying the set

him for dinner and asked if he could read a script called ""Prey At Night"". He liked the script and wondered if he wanted to get involved in a sequel despite having released the first film years before but finally accepted and decided to add his personal touch. In February 2017, it was announced that Johannes Roberts would be the sequel's new director, and that filming would commence during the summer of the same year. In May 2017, Christina Hendricks, Bailee Madison, and Lewis Pullman were reported as the film's stars, and production began in Los Angeles on May 30.

$9 million, the film was shot on location in rural South Carolina in the fall of 2006. Originally slated for a theatrical release in November 2007, it was postponed before a theatrical release on May 30, 2008. It grossed $82 million at the box office worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising its atmosphere and tension, and others criticizing its script and characters. Contemporary film scholars have interpreted it as a criticism of the perceived safety of pastoral life, as well as an exploration of stranger-on-stranger violence. A sequel, titled """", was released on March 9, 2018.

"Strangers Within"
was later confirmed by 2050 Films, with the announcement of a vigorous Kickstarter campaign which saw the production raise £5000 through months of extensive promotion and marketing, before work on the film had even begun. After auditions held in Brighton, the lead cast were decided and confirmed, with McNab and Chittenden joining later on. Principal photography began in late August, 2014 in both Henfield and around the East Sussex area. It was shot using Canon C300 cameras provided by Ravensbourne University in London, of which members of the crew attend. A sneak peek teaser was released on Christmas Day, 2014

The Strangers: Prey at Night The Strangers: Prey at Night is a 2018 American slasher film directed by Johannes Roberts and starring Christina Hendricks, Martin Henderson, Bailee Madison and Lewis Pullman. A sequel to the 2008 film ""The Strangers"", it is written by Bryan Bertino (who wrote and directed the first film) and Ben Ketai. The film follows a family's vacation to a secluded mobile home park, where they are attacked by three masked psychopaths. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018, and grossed $30 million worldwide. It received mixed reviews, with some critics considering

"Night Trap"
to pass Hasbro's non-reproducible violence requirements. ""Night Trap"" was developed over six months and was part movie shoot and part programming. The film was shot on 35 mm film in Culver City, CA across 16 days in 1987, with editing taking another few months. The film was directed by James Riley. The director of photography was Don Burgess, who later went on to shoot the award-winning ""Forrest Gump"" (1994). Originally the set was going to be darker, but it was made brighter for fear the footage would pixelate in-game. The script was unusual because it was built around the multi-linear

Bedevil
Moffatt’s work reflects the way that she perceives the multicultural make-up of Australian society, and she explains that “it is completely natural for me to represent that mixing of races”. ""beDevil"" is very much about ""her"" stories, weaving together “a personal mythology”, and presenting images that are “so personal that a lot of the time they embarrass me”. Tracey Moffatt approached Tony Buckley to produce as she was impressed by the films he had made, especially ""The Night, the Prowler"" (1978). ""Bedevil"" was filmed on location in Charleville and Bribie Island, Queensland. ""Bedevil"" grossed at the box office in Australia.

"Secret of the Cave"
by Jon Voight. It was also nominated as one of five films to receive ""Grand Prize for Best Dramatic Feature Award"" at the film festival. The film has received the Dove Foundation ""Family-Approved"" seal. The film's website is a 2006 W3 Server Award winner. According to one of the film's producers, ""Secret of the Cave"" took three and a half years to produce. The film's website lists the shooting locations as Achill Island, County Mayo, Ireland. The island on which the film was shot has a broadband connection faster than most other rural parts of Ireland. About 11 miles of

"Tourist Trap (film)"
to Schmoeller, each of the actors in the film aside from Connors auditioned for their parts. Jocelyn Jones was cast as the female lead, Molly, after Schmoeller had seen some of her previous performances, while Tanya Roberts was given the role of Becky. Jon Van Ness and Robin Sherwood were given the roles of Jerry and Eileen, respectively. ""Tourist Trap"" was filmed in 24 days in Los Angeles County, California, with additional interiors shot at Rampart Sound Studios in Los Angeles. Principal photography began on March 27, 1978. A portion of the interior scenes were shot at an abandoned house

"Dominican Republic"
Emilio Prud'Homme, consistently uses the poetic term ""Quisqueyans"" (). The word ""Quisqueya"" derives from a native tongue of the Taino Indians and means ""Mother of the lands"" (). It is often used in songs as another name for the country. The name of the country is often shortened to ""the D.R."" () The Arawakan-speaking Taíno moved into Hispaniola from the north east region of what is now known as South America, displacing earlier inhabitants, c. AD 650. They engaged in farming and fishing and hunting and gathering. The fierce Caribs drove the Taíno to the northeastern Caribbean during much of

of the island, who were subjected to slavery, and to the education of the inhabitants of the island. For most of its history, up until independence, the country was known as —the name of its present capital and patron saint, Saint Dominic—and continued to be commonly known as such in English until the early 20th century. The residents were called ""Dominicans"" (), which is the adjective form of ""Domingo"", and the revolutionaries named their newly independent country ""Dominican Republic"" (). In the national anthem of the Dominican Republic (), the term ""Dominicans"" does not appear. The author of its lyrics,

in Santo Domingo were married to Taino women, and some present-day Dominicans have Taíno ancestry. Remnants of the Taino culture include their cave paintings, as well as pottery designs which are still used in the small artisan village of Higüerito, Moca. Christopher Columbus arrived on the island in December 5, 1492, during the first of his four voyages to the Americas. He claimed the land for Spain and named it ""La Española"" due to its diverse climate and terrain which reminded him of the Spanish landscape. Traveling further east Columbus came across the Yaque del Norte River in the Cibao

"History of the Dominican Republic"
History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (""the Spanish Island""), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo

controversial tax reforms so as to deal with the government's troublesome fiscal situation encountered by the new administration. History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (""the Spanish Island""),

region, which he named Rio de Oro after discovering gold deposits nearby. On Columbus's return during his second voyage he established the settlement of La Isabela in what is now Puerto Plata on Jan. 1494, while he sent Alonso de Ojeda to search for gold in the region. In 1496 Bartholomew Columbus, Christopher's brother, built the city of Santo Domingo, Western Europe's first permanent settlement in the ""New World."" The colony thus became the springboard for the further Spanish conquest of the Americas and for decades the headquarters of Spanish colonial power in the hemisphere. Soon after the largest discovery

the city of Santo Domingo; these were used by Hérard to suppress the uprising. On February 27, 1844, the surviving members of ""La Trinitaria"" declared the independence from Haiti. They were backed by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle rancher from El Seibo, who became general of the army of the nascent republic. The Dominican Republic's first Constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844, and was modeled after the United States Constitution. The decades that followed were filled with tyranny, factionalism, economic difficulties, rapid changes of government, and exile for political opponents. Archrivals Santana and Buenaventura Báez held power most of

consisted of five chiefdoms: Marién, Maguá, Maguana, Jaragua, and Higüey. These were ruled respectively by ""caciques"" Guacanagarix, Guarionex, Caonabo, Bohechío, and Cayacoa. Christopher Columbus reached the island of Hispañola on his first voyage, in December 1492. On Columbus' second voyage in 1493 the colony of La Isabela was built on the northeast shore. Isabela nearly failed because of hunger and disease. In 1496 Santo Domingo was built and became the new capital. Here the New World's first cathedral was erected, and for a few decades Santo Domingo was also the administrative heart of the expanding empire. Before they embarked on

landed on the island on December 5, 1492, which the native Taíno people had inhabited since the 7th century. The colony of Santo Domingo became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, the oldest continuously inhabited city, and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. After more than three hundred years of Spanish rule the Dominican people declared independence in November 1821. The leader of the independence movement José Núñez de Cáceres, intended the Dominican nation to unite with the country of Gran Colombia, but no longer under Spain's custody the

to forestall the threat of another invasion. His seamen under the French adventurer, Fagalde, raided the Haitian coasts, plundered seaside villages, as far as Cape Dame Marie, and butchered crews of captured enemy ships. In 1855, Haiti invaded again, but its forces were repulsed at the bloodiest clashes in the history of the Dominican–Haitian wars, the Battle of Santomé in December 1855 and the Battle of Sabana Larga in January 1856. The Dominican Republic's first constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844. The state was commonly known as Santo Domingo in English until the early 20th century. It featured a

Garr, Hoyt Axton, Mickey Rooney, and the Arabian horse Cass Ole. The film features music by Carmine Coppola, the father of Hollywood producer Francis Ford Coppola, who was the executive producer of the film. In 1946 Alec Ramsey is aboard the steamer Drake off the coast of North Africa, where he sees a wild black stallion being forced into a makeshift stable compartment and heavily restrained by ropes leading to his halter. Captivated by the horse, Alec later sneaks to the horse to feed him some sugar cubes, but he is caught by the horse's supposed owner, who tells him

"The Horse's Mouth (film)"
A. W. Alabaster (Arthur Macrae), secretary to Sir William (Robert Coote) and Lady Beeder (Veronica Turleigh), who are interested in acquiring early Jimson works. One of the early works is in the possession of Jimson's ex-wife, Sara Monday (Renée Houston). Jimson and Coker try to secure an agreement with Sara Monday to obtain that early painting, but are unsuccessful. When Jimson visits the Beeders, he sees a blank wall in their residence and is immediately inspired to paint ""The Raising of Lazarus"". He learns that the Beeders are leaving for six weeks, and takes advantage of their absence to execute

to Alec, he decides to leave him in Morocco, where he feels he is more at home. The filming locations for ""The Black Stallion Returns"" took place in Djanet, Algeria, Abiquiu, New Mexico, Italy, Morocco, Santa Clarita & Los Angeles, California and New York City. The role of the Black Stallion was played by Cass Ole (who starred in the first film) and El Mokhtar, who was used in the racing scenes of the film, but he passed away from colic during the making of the movie. ""The Black Stallion Returns"" debuted at #5 at the box office, grossing $2,923,297

"The Young Black Stallion"
from her father, she finds herself alone in the desert. Before too long, a mysterious black colt comes to her rescue. The two quickly form a special bond, and the horse returns Neera to her grandfather. Once Neera is back home, the stallion disappears. Neera greets her grandfather Ben Ishak (Richard Romanus) and her cousin Aden (Patrick Elyas) eagerly, but is disappointed and upset when she find out that her grandfather's horse breeding days are over. Ben Ishak informs Neera that because of the shootings in the desert, his fields are ruined, and he can no longer afford to keep

"The Derby Stallion"
(Rob Pinkston) older sister Jill (Crystal Hunt) and Patrick is knocked out by the pitch. Patrick's father asks him about his fall, and Patrick confronts him about pushing him into baseball. Patrick visits Houston after the game, and Houston tells him more stories, about Julie's death when she told Houston she was going to marry him. Patrick feels sorry and asks Houston to train him to steeplechase. Houston agrees, but Patrick's parents are appalled when he asked them for permission. His mother thinks it is too dangerous, and his father is concerned about Patrick taking riding lessons from a drunk

"Ruffian (film)"
Ruffian (film) Ruffian is an American television film that tells the story of the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame Champion Thoroughbred filly Ruffian who went undefeated until her death after breaking down in a nationally televised match race at Belmont Park on July 6, 1975 against the Kentucky Derby winner, Foolish Pleasure. Made by ESPN Original Entertainment, the film is directed by Yves Simoneau and stars Sam Shepard as Ruffian's trainer, Frank Whiteley. The producers used four different geldings in the role of Ruffian. Locations for the 2007 film included Louisiana Downs in Shreveport, Louisiana and Belmont Park in Elmont,

"Black Beauty (1946 film)"
Black Beauty (1946 film) Black Beauty is a 1946 American drama film directed by Max Nosseck and based on Anna Sewell's novel of the same name. The story picks up in 1880s England, when Duchess, the mare of a widower, a country squire, called Wendon (Charles Evans) is about to foal. He has forbidden his adolescent daughter Anne (Mona Freeman) to watch, but the girl sneaks into the stables and watches anyway. Anne gets the colt on her birthday and because of its colour she names it Black Beauty. Anne grows very affectionate towards the horse as they grow up

Score at the Golden Globe Awards. He later won the award in this category for his score of ""Apocalypse Now."" Caleb Deschanel was nominated for Best Cinematography by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. The film received two awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for Best Cinematography (Caleb Deschanel) and Best Music (Carmine Coppola). The film also won the 1979 National Society of Film Critics award for Best Cinematography. In 2002, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically

not set to play which finished the previous season in the same rank in their division (e.g. the team which finished first in its division the previous season would play each other team in its conference that also finished first in its respective division). The preset division pairings for 2017 will be as follows. Highlights of the 2017 schedule included: The entire schedule was released on April 20, 2017. The following games were moved or canceled because of severe weather, by way of flexible scheduling, or for other reasons: The 2017 playoffs began on the weekend of January 6–7, 2018

paying hush money to cover up questionable conduct, including racial slurs and sexually suggestive requests of employees, hastening Richardson's decision. The Panthers' lease on Bank of America Stadium expires after the 2018 season, which would allow any incoming owner to relocate the team out of the Carolinas to another market of their choice without penalty if they so desired. The following people associated with the NFL (or AFL) died in 2017. The following rule changes were approved for the 2017 NFL season at the owners' meeting on March 28, 2017: The following rule changes were approved for the 2017 NFL

"2018 NFL season"
Entravision for Spanish language, expired after the 2017 season. Westwood One's parent company Cumulus Media filed for bankruptcy in November 2017 and began terminating national broadcast contracts and sports agreements in January 2018, putting any contract extensions on hold. The company emerged from bankruptcy on June 4, 2018. With the release of the 2018 schedule, NFL.com listed ESPN Deportes Radio (which had shared NFL rights with Entravision in 2017 and had carried Super Bowl LII) as the league's national Spanish-language broadcaster. The national English-language broadcaster was still identified as Westwood One, which Westwood One has also confirmed; no press release

2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,

League Kickoff game in prime time on September 7 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season concluded with a full slate of 16 games on Sunday, December 31, all of which were the intra–division matchups, as it has been since . Under the NFL's current scheduling formula, each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice. In addition a team plays against all four teams in one other division from each conference. The final two games on a team's schedule are against the two teams in the team's own conference in the divisions the team was

streamed by Yahoo and other Verizon-owned platforms, including AOL, go90, and Complex. NFL Network remains a partner with Twitter for online content, including its new streaming news program ""NFL Blitz Live"". The NFL also reached a deal with Facebook in September 2017 to offer video highlights following games, and streaming programs on the service's new Watch platform. This was the final season of the NFL's exclusive mobile streaming contract with Verizon Wireless; the league intended to no longer have a single exclusive partner going forward, citing changes to viewing habits. On December 11, 2017, the NFL announced that it had

where the Patriots won 24–21 to win their third title. For the second consecutive year, a team relocated to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, as the former San Diego Chargers announced their intent to do so in January 2017. The 2017 NFL League year began on March 9 at 4:00 p.m. ET. On March 7, clubs were allowed to contact and enter into contract negotiations with the agents of players who became unrestricted free agents upon the expiration of their contracts two days later. On March 9, clubs exercised options for 2017 on players who have option clauses in their

with the Wild Card playoff round. The four winners of these playoff games visited the top two seeded teams in each conference in the Divisional round games played on the weekend of January 13–14, 2018. The winners of those games advanced the Conference championship games was held on January 21, 2018. The two Conference champions advanced to Super Bowl LII was held on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis. The 2018 Pro Bowl was held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando on January 28, 2018. During a September 22, 2017 speech, the President of the United States,

on its telecasts from 21 to 16, four in each quarter, with each break extended by one additional 30-second commercial. One particular scenario the league sought to eliminate is the ""double-up,"" in which a network cuts to a commercial after a scoring play, then airs the kickoff, and again goes to commercial before play from scrimmage resumes. Under the proposal, the league will allow networks to cut to commercial during instant replay reviews, which it had not been allowed to do before. Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the changes are being made in an attempt to consolidate downtime between the

"Michael Jordan"
for second place with three apiece. The 1998 Finals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history. Game 6 also holds the highest television rating of any game in NBA history. With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending departures of Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman looming, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards. Jordan's responsibilities

NBA game, in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in making another comeback, this time with his new team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend Mario Lemieux the previous winter, Jordan spent much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players in Chicago. In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington's coach for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as foreshadowing another Jordan return. On September 25, 2001, Jordan announced his return to the NBA to play for the Washington Wizards,

11, 2003, even though Jordan never played for the team. At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jordan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Allen Iverson, but refused both. In the end, he accepted the spot of Vince Carter, who decided to give it up under great public pressure. Jordan played in his final NBA game on April 16, 2003, in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of

won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a ""three-peat"". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season, and started a new career in Minor League Baseball, he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in January 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member

his teammates, his opponents, the officials, and the crowd of 21,257 fans. Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams. He won a gold medal as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics. The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, Steve Alford, and Wayman Tisdale. Jordan led the team in scoring, averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament. In the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was a member of the star-studded squad that included Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and David Robinson and was dubbed the ""Dream Team"". Jordan

shell of the championship team of just two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in mid-March. The team received help, however, when Jordan decided to return to the Bulls. In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing Major League Baseball strike, as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player. On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: ""I'm back."" The next day, Jordan took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana

which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rpg. He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All-American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third

indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the September 11 attacks. In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals (1.42 spg). However, torn cartilage in his right knee ended Jordan's season after only 60 games, the fewest he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 season. Jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the season, averaging 24.3 points, 5.4 assists, and 6.0 rebounds, and shooting 41.9%

Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith at the University of North Carolina. As a freshman, he was a member of the Tar Heels' national championship team in 1982. Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick. He quickly emerged as a league star and entertained crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in Slam Dunk Contests, earned him the nicknames Air Jordan and His Airness. He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he

He reported to spring training in Sarasota, Florida, and was assigned to the team's minor league system on March 31, 1994. Jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his late father, who had always envisioned his son as a Major League Baseball player. The White Sox were another team owned by Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf, who continued to honor Jordan's basketball contract during the years he played baseball. In 1994, Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a Double-A minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, batting .202 with three home runs, 51 runs batted

"Geothermal energy in the United States"
the area in 20 years. A second similar plant is to open in 2013. The Basin and Range geologic province in Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, Arizona and western Utah is now an area of rapid geothermal development. Several small power plants were built during the late 1980s during times of high power prices. Rising energy costs have spurred new development. Plants in Nevada at Steamboat Springs, Brady/Desert Peak, Dixie Valley, Soda Lake, Stillwater and Beowawe now produce about 235 MW. Installed geothermal capacity in megawatts (MW) by state as of February 2013: With 3,591 MW of installed geothermal capacity,

(87%), or coal (85%), and much higher than those of intermittent sources such as onshore wind (34%) or solar photovoltaic (25%). While the carrier medium for geothermal electricity (water) must be properly managed, the source of geothermal energy, the Earth's heat, will be available, for most intents and purposes, indefinitely. In 2008 the USDOE funded research in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) to learn more about the fracture systems in geothermal reservoirs and better predict the results of reservoir stimulation. The DOE Geothermal Technologies Program (part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) provided funding to establish the National

dumped into rivers and streams and is now piped to the geothermal field where it replenishes the steam produced for power generation. Another major geothermal area is located in south central California, on the southeast side of the Salton Sea, near the cities of Niland and Calipatria, California. In 2001, there were 15 geothermal plants producing electricity in the area. CalEnergy owns about half of them and the rest are owned by various companies. Combined the plants have a capacity of about 570 MW. Hudson Ranch I geothermal plant, a 50 MW plant opened in May 2012, the first in

According to archaeological evidence, geothermal resources have been in use on the current territory of the United States for more than 10,000 years. The Paleo-Indians first used geothermal hot springs for warmth, cleansing, and minerals. The first commercial geothermal power plant producing power to the U.S. utility grid opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, producing eleven megawatts of net power. The Geysers system continues to operate successfully today, and the complex has grown into the largest geothermal development in the world, with an output of 750 MW. The largest dry steam field in the world is the Geysers,

"Geothermal energy"
a significant underutilized resource. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (GEA) installed geothermal capacity in the United States grew by 5%, or 147.05 MW, since the last annual survey in March 2012. This increase came from seven geothermal projects that began production in 2012. GEA also revised its 2011 estimate of installed capacity upward by 128 MW, bringing current installed U.S. geothermal capacity to 3,386 MW. Geothermal power is considered to be renewable because any projected heat extraction is small compared to the Earth's heat content. The Earth has an internal heat content of 10 joules (3·10 TW·hr), approximately 100

the United States remains the world leader with 25% of the online capacity total. The future outlook for expanded production from conventional and enhanced geothermal systems is positive as new technologies promise increased growth in locations previously not considered. As of August 2008, 103 new projects are under way in 13 U.S. states. When developed, these projects could potentially supply up to 3,979 MW of power, meeting the needs of about 4 million homes. At this rate of development, geothermal production in the United States could exceed 15,000 MW by 2025. The most significant catalyst behind new industry activity is

"Geothermal power"
Geothermal power Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries, while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. As of 2015, worldwide geothermal power capacity amounts to 12.8 gigawatts (GW), of which 28 percent or 3,548 megawatts are installed in the United States. International markets grew at an average annual rate of 5 percent over the three years to 2015, and global geothermal power capacity is expected to reach 14.5–17.6 GW by 2020.

Hot Springs, Alaska, came on-line, producing electricity from a record low fluid temperature of . The International Geothermal Association (IGA) has reported that 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power in 24 countries is online, which was expected to generate 67,246 GWh of electricity in 2010. This represents a 20% increase in online capacity since 2005. IGA projects growth to 18,500 MW by 2015, due to the projects presently under consideration, often in areas previously assumed to have little exploitable resources. In 2010, the United States led the world in geothermal electricity production with 3,086 MW of installed capacity from 77

"Energy in the United States"
gas and heating oil. The state with the lowest per capita energy use is New York, at 205 million Btu/yr, and the highest is Wyoming, at slightly over 1 billion Btu/yr. Other regional differences stem from energy efficiency measures taken at the local and state levels. California has some of the strictest environmental laws and building codes in the country, leading its per-household energy consumption to be lower than all other states except Hawaii. The land-use decisions of cities and towns also explain some of the regional differences in energy use. Townhouses are more energy efficient than single-family homes because

owned by Calpine, with a total generating capacity of 725 MW. Geothermal power Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries, while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. As of 2015, worldwide geothermal power capacity amounts to 12.8 gigawatts (GW), of which 28 percent or 3,548 megawatts are installed in the United States. International markets grew at an average annual rate of 5 percent over the three years to 2015, and global

"Jack McCoy"
it resulted in him being declared a ""Living Landmark"" by the New York Landmarks Conservancy, along with fellow longtime series cast member Jerry Orbach (who portrayed the popular police detective Lennie Briscoe for 12 years). Jack McCoy brings 24 years of experience with him as he is appointed Executive Assistant District Attorney by Adam Schiff (Steven Hill) in the season five premiere episode ""Second Opinion"". He quickly establishes himself as a more unconventional, ruthless litigator than his predecessor, Ben Stone (Michael Moriarty). He often bends—and sometimes breaks—trial rules to get convictions, finds tenuous rationales for charging defendants with crimes when

Jack McCoy John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama ""Law & Order"". He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on the show (16 seasons), after Lt. Anita Van Buren (17 seasons; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson). He appeared in 368 episodes of ""Law & Order"", four episodes of """", two episodes of """", two episodes of """", and the made-for-TV movie """". Waterston's performance as McCoy on the New York-based series was so popular that

He has subsequently developed a reputation with both colleagues and rival attorneys, once being referred to as ""the top of the legal food chain"" by a rival attorney during a trial. Following the 17th season (2006–2007), Jack McCoy was appointed interim district attorney, taking over from Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson). McCoy's appearance on """" on the November 13, 2007, episode ""Blinded"", marked his first appearance in the ""Law & Order"" universe as district attorney. The replacement for his former position is Michael Cutter (Linus Roache), a prosecutor with a penchant for recklessness not unlike McCoy's own in his younger days.

"Sam Waterston"
Sam Waterston Samuel Atkinson Waterston (born November 15, 1940) is an American actor, producer, and director. Among other roles, he is noted for his portrayal of Sydney Schanberg in ""The Killing Fields"" (1984), for which he received an Academy Award nomination, and his starring role as Jack McCoy on the long-running NBC television series ""Law & Order"" (1994–2010), which brought him Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards. He has been nominated for multiple Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, BAFTA and Emmy awards, having starred in over eighty film and television productions during his fifty-year career. He has also starred

""some of the best episodes of the immortal series' 19th season."" Tucker elaborates how the character, riding ""herd over a couple of stubborn young bucks — assistant DAs Mike Cutter (Linus Roache) and Connie Rubirosa (Alana de la Garza) — McCoy argues, bellows orders, and croaks with outrage when his charges disobey his legal advice."" Jack McCoy John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama ""Law & Order"". He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on

Danny Sorenson Danny Sorenson is a fictional detective on the popular TV series, ""NYPD Blue"", appearing from season six (1998) through season eight (2001). The character was played by actor Ricky Schroder. Sorenson, a US Army Desert Storm veteran of approximately twenty-seven years of age, was introduced in episode six of the sixth season as the 15th squad's replacement for the deceased Bobby Simone. He was partnered with Detective Andy Sipowicz. In childhood Sorenson immigrated to the United States from Norway along with his younger sisters following the death of his father; They were raised by their aunt in Albany,

infiltrate just before the September 11 attacks. Danny Sorenson Danny Sorenson is a fictional detective on the popular TV series, ""NYPD Blue"", appearing from season six (1998) through season eight (2001). The character was played by actor Ricky Schroder. Sorenson, a US Army Desert Storm veteran of approximately twenty-seven years of age, was introduced in episode six of the sixth season as the 15th squad's replacement for the deceased Bobby Simone. He was partnered with Detective Andy Sipowicz. In childhood Sorenson immigrated to the United States from Norway along with his younger sisters following the death of his father; They

murder case where the motive was racism against illegal immigrants of Hispanic descent. In the episode ""Skate or Die"", the place where his final campaign fundraiser would be held is discovered by the organizers to be owned by a man who served a 20-year prison sentence for racketeering. Eventually, the final campaign fundraiser is held at a Chinese seafood restaurant with a kosher section. McCoy was hand-picked for the interim DA position by Governor Donald Shalvoy (Tom Everett Scott), and the two initially have a friendly, productive working relationship. By the end of the 18th season, however, McCoy discovers that

he prosecutes a boy with bipolar disorder for murdering his sister. The boy's grandfather (Robert Vaughn), a wealthy CEO (and good friend of Schiff's) who also proved to suffer from the disorder, had attempted to get his grandson to plead guilty and go to jail rather than plead insanity and be committed to a mental institution, fearing that a public revelation of the boy's illness would provide enough evidence to reveal his own illness and affect his reputation. McCoy leads the effort to prevent an unjust punishment for the boy. Similarly, in season seven's ""Deadbeat"", he declines to prosecute a

"Michael Cudlitz"
Blank"". He also played a 30-second role as a bartender in the movie ""Forces of Nature"" in 1999. His breakout role came in 2001 with his portrayal of Sgt. Denver ""Bull"" Randleman in the World War II miniseries, ""Band of Brothers."" Cudlitz starred on the critically acclaimed, five-season television drama ""Southland"" as patrol officer John Cooper, a 20-year veteran and training officer. It was picked up by TNT, who aired the remaining episodes of its first season, bringing it back for a total of five seasons. The character struggled with chronic back pain, addiction to pain medication, and ethical issues

"USS Maine (ACR-1)"
known for her loss in Havana Harbor on the evening of 15 February 1898. Sent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain, she exploded suddenly, without warning, and sank quickly, killing nearly three quarters of her crew. The cause and responsibility for her sinking remained unclear after a board of inquiry investigated. Nevertheless, popular opinion in the U.S., fanned by inflammatory articles printed in the ""yellow press"" by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, blamed Spain. The phrase, ""Remember the ""Maine!"" To hell with Spain!"", became a rallying cry for action, which came with the Spanish–American War

"City of Washington (ship)"
the Spanish cruiser ""Alfonso XII"" resulted in the rescue of approximately 100 crew members from ""Maine"". Captain Frank Stevens and other crew members of ""City of Washington"" provided eyewitness testimony on the ""Maine"" disaster in Naval Court of Inquiry hearings which ended on March 21, 1898. The Court of Inquiry concluded that ""Maine"" was destroyed by the explosion of a submarine mine. While the Court did not place responsibility for the explosion, media and popular opinion overwhelmingly attributed it to Spain's forces in Cuba. Shortly thereafter, Congress declared a state of War with Spain, effective April 20, 1898. In April

15 February, an explosion on board ""Maine"" occurred in the Havana Harbor (coordinates: 23°08′07″N 82°20′38″W). Later investigations revealed that more than of powder charges for the vessel's six- and ten-inch guns had detonated, obliterating the forward third of the ship. The remaining wreckage rapidly settled to the bottom of the harbor. Most of ""Maine""s crew were sleeping or resting in the enlisted quarters, in the forward part of the ship, when the explosion occurred. In total, 260 men lost their lives as a result of the explosion or shortly thereafter, and six more died later from injuries. Captain Sigsbee and

most of the officers survived, because their quarters were in the aft portion of the ship. Altogether there were 89 survivors, 18 of whom were officers. On 21 March, the U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry, in Key West, declared that a naval mine caused the explosion. The ""New York Journal"" and ""New York World"", owned respectively by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, gave ""Maine"" intense press coverage, but employed tactics that would later be labeled ""yellow journalism."" Both papers exaggerated and distorted any information they could obtain, sometimes even fabricating news when none that fit their agenda was available.

"1866 Great fire of Portland, Maine"
1866 Great fire of Portland, Maine The great fire of Portland, Maine sometimes known as the 1866 Great fire of Portland in Maine occurred on July 4, 1866—the first Independence Day after the end of the American Civil War. Five years before the Great Chicago Fire, this was the greatest fire yet seen in an American city. It started in a boat house on Commercial Street, likely caused by a firecracker or a cigar ash. The fire spread to a lumber yard and on to a sugar house, then spread across the city, eventually burning out on Munjoy Hill in

training manoeuvres and fleet exercises. ""Maine"" spent her active career with the North Atlantic Squadron, operating from Norfolk, Virginia along the East Coast of the United States and the Caribbean. On 10 April 1897, Captain Charles Dwight Sigsbee relieved Captain Crowninshield as commander of ""Maine"". The ship's crew consisted of 355: 26 officers, 290 sailors, and 39 marines. Of these, there were 261 fatalities: Of the 94 survivors, 16 were uninjured. In January 1898, ""Maine"" was sent from Key West, Florida, to Havana, Cuba, to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban War of Independence. Three weeks later, at 21:40, on

"Battle of Hampden"
eastern Maine would remain a part of the United States. Lingering local feelings of vulnerability, however, would help fuel the post-war movement for statehood for Maine. The withdrawal of the British after the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent represented the end of two centuries of violent contest over Maine by rival nations (initially the French and British, and then the British and Americans). On August 26, 1814, a British squadron from the Royal Navy base at Halifax moved to capture the Down East coastal town of Machias. The force consisted of five warships: HMS ""Dragon"" (74), HMS ""Endymion"" (40),

"SS Quinault Victory"
6 seconds apart in what became known as the Port Chicago disaster. The detonation of 4,600 tons of munitions being loaded onto the ""Quinault Victory"" and ""E.A. Bryan"", registered at a magnitude of 3.4 on the seismograph at the University of California, Berkeley, some 20 miles away. The force of the explosions lifted the ""Quinault Victory"" out of the water; she landed 500 feet away upside-down, facing the opposite direction. The ""E.A. Bryan"" was vaporized, as there were no identifiable remains of her following the explosions. 320 sailors and dockworkers were killed and 390 were injured, making it the worst

later that year. While the sinking of ""Maine"" was not a direct cause for action, it served as a catalyst, accelerating the approach to a diplomatic impasse between the U.S. and Spain. The cause of ""Maine""s sinking remains a subject of speculation. In 1898, an investigation of the explosion was carried out by a naval board appointed under the McKinley Administration. The consensus of the board was that ""Maine"" was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine. However, the validity of this investigation has been challenged. George W. Melville, a chief engineer in the Navy, proposed that a more

"Penobscot Expedition"
seized it a month earlier and renamed it New Ireland. It was the largest American naval expedition of the war. The fighting took place both on land and at sea in and around the mouth of the Penobscot and Bagaduce Rivers at what is today Castine, Maine over a period of three weeks in July and August of 1779. One of its greatest victories of the war for the British, the Expedition was also the United States' worst naval defeat until Pearl Harbor 162 years later in 1941. On June 17 of that year, British Army forces under the command

"The Windmills of Your Mind"
1999 remake of ""The Thomas Crown Affair"". In the original 1968 film ""The Thomas Crown Affair"", the song is heard – sung by Noel Harrison – during opening credits; and, during the film, in a scene in which the character Thomas Crown flies a glider at the glider airport in Salem, New Hampshire: having edited the rough cut for this scene utilizing the Beatles track ""Strawberry Fields Forever"" producer/director Norman Jewison commissioned an original song be written for the glider scene which would reference the ambivalent feelings of Thomas Crown as he engages in a favorite pastime while experiencing the

renderings of famous French-language songs. ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" has also been rendered as: The Windmills of Your Mind ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title """", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film ""The Thomas Crown Affair"" (1968), and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the same year. In 2004, ""Windmills of Your Mind"" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs

The Windmills of Your Mind ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title """", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film ""The Thomas Crown Affair"" (1968), and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the same year. In 2004, ""Windmills of Your Mind"" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top songs in American cinema. A cover by Sting was used in the

title. That line is kind of interesting.' So we restructured the song so that the line appeared again at the end. It came out of the body of the song. I think we were thinking, you know when you try to fall asleep at night and you can't turn your brain off and thoughts and memories tumble."" Noel Harrison recorded the song after Andy Williams passed on it: according to Harrison: ""It was recorded live on a huge sound stage at Paramount, with the accompanying film clips running on a giant screen and Michel blowing kisses to the orchestra."" Harrison

feat matched by Springfield's third subsequent single ""Brand New Me"" which therefore ties with ""The Windmills"" as having afforded Springfield her best-ever solo showing on a ""Billboard"" chart. ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" was recorded by José Feliciano for his 1969 album ""10 to 23"", and Feliciano performed the song on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969; the song's original singer Noel Harrison would later opine of Feliciano's performance: ""A wonderful musician and compelling singer, he made much too free with the beautiful melody in my humble opinion. But that's jazz."" It was Feliciano's version of ""The

and also on variety shows hosted by Rolf Harris and Scott Walker—when the song won the Academy Award on 14 April 1969, an endorsement which facilitated the Top Ten entry of Harrison's single on the UK chart dated 22 April 1969 with its chart peak of #8 effected two weeks later. ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" was performed on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969 by José Feliciano; Noel Harrison would recall: ""I was invited to sing it at the Academy Awards... but I was making a movie in England at the time, and the producer (who

tension of preparing to commit a major robbery. Alan Bergman: ""Michel [Legrand] played us [ie. Alan and Marilyn Bergman] seven or eight melodies. We listened to all of them and decided to wait until the next day to choose one. We three decided on the same one, a long baroque melody... The lyric we wrote was stream-of-consciousness. We felt that the song had to be a mind trip of some kind"" – ""The [eventual] title was [originally] a line at the end of a section... When we finished we said: ""What do we call this? It's got to have a

took issue with the couplet ""Like a tunnel that you follow to a tunnel of its own / Down a hollow to a cavern where the sun has never shone"", singing the word ""shone"" British-style with a short vowel sound making the rhyme with ""own"" imperfect. Marilyn Bergman: ""We said 'No, it's shone [long vowel sound].' And he said 'No, it's our language!' And we said: 'Yes, but it's our song.' So reluctantly, he sang shone [long vowel sound] and our rhyme was intact."" However, Harrison evidently had the last laugh; in the finally released version he sings ""shone"" with

a short vowel. Harrison's version had a US single in the US in July 1968 soon after the premiere of the film and similarly was released in the British Isles at the time of the film's 7 February 1969 premiere in the UK and Ireland. As a result, it was a current UK release when ""The Windmills of Your Mind"" received an Academy Award nomination on 24 February 1969: Harrison's single debuted at #36 in the UK Top 50 dated 4 March 1969 and had risen to #15—abetted by performances by Harrison on the 27 March 1969 broadcast of ""TOTP""

to the Top 40 being ranked at #40 on the Hot 100 dated 24 May 1969 only to stall over the subsequent three weeks peaking at #31 on the Hot 100 dated 14 June 1969 with only one additional week of Hot 100 tenure, being ranked at #45 on the 21 June 1969 chart. On the ""Cash Box"" chart, the song rose as high as #22. Local hit parades indicate that Springfield's ""Windmills"" had Top Ten impact in only select larger markets: Boston, Southern California, and Miami. The track did reach #3 on the Easy Listening chart in ""Billboard"" a

what color pages in the emergency response guidebook (erg) list compounds by name

"Emergency Response Guidebook"
identification of dangerous goods is confirmed, protective actions and area securement are initiated, and assistance of qualified personnel is requested."") of an incident . It is divided into six color-coded sections (white [uncolored], yellow, blue, orange, green, and a second white [uncolored]). The ERG includes 62 ""Guides"" (found in the Orange Section) that identify the primary hazards associated with the applicable general category of hazardous material and general guidance on how to respond to incidents involving that general category of hazardous material. The primary purpose of ERG is to direct the emergency responders to the most appropriate of these guides,

of its name and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section). Items highlighted in green in this section will also have evacuation distances included in the Green Section. The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes ""health"" and ""fire or explosion"" potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, ""the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with

water""; ""highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin""; etc. Next this section includes information for responders on appropriate protective clothing and possible evacuation information for either spill or fire is given. It also includes information on fighting fires (example, do not apply water to sodium), warnings for spills or leaks, and special directions for first aid (example, not to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the materials are toxic). In the event of an unknown material, Guide #111 should be followed until more information becomes available. The fifth section, with green page borders, suggests initial evacuation or

based on the incident. The ERG also provides guidance regarding recommended evacuation distances, if applicable, in the Green Section. The first section, with white page (uncolored) borders, provides the following: The second section, with yellow page borders, references the material in order of its assigned 4-digit ID number/UN/NA number (which is often placarded with the other hazardous materials placards) and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section). Items highlighted in green in this section will have evacuation distances included in the Green Section. The third section, with blue page borders, references the material in alphabetical order

shelter in place distances (protective action distances) for spills of materials that are Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH). These distances vary based on the size of the spill (small or large) and whether the incident occurs during the day or at night. Only materials that were highlighted in green in the Yellow and Blue Sections are included in the Green Section. This section also includes information regarding toxic gases that are produced when certain materials are spilled in water (as identified previously in this section). Finally, this section includes some very specific evacuation details for six common materials. The sixth section, with white

"Ingredients of cosmetics"
put an end to this practice. In many countries colors in cosmetics are listed as numbers from the Colour Index International. The scheme covers colors used in food, personal care products, cosmetics, household products and fabric dyeing. For example, tartrazine is not normally listed as such in lipstick ingredients, but as C.I. 19140. Erythrosine will be listed as C.I. 45430, and so on. In US and Canada colors are listed as FD & C colors. Tartrazine (E102) is FD & C Yellow 5 and erythrosine (E127) is FD & C Red 3. Strong red colors for eye products have been

"PH indicator"
PH indicator A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually. Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (HO) or hydrogen ions (H) in the Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator causes the color of the solution to change depending on the pH. Indicators can also show change in other physical properties; for example, olfactory indicators show change in their odor. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7.0 at 25°C (standard laboratory conditions). Solutions with a

"WHO Drug Dictionary"
same active moiety. For single-ingredient records, Seq1=01 identifies a specific active moiety. If Seq1 is higher than 01 it refers to variations of that active moiety. For multi-ingredient records, Seq1=01 identifies a combination of active moieties. If Seq1 is higher than 01 it refers to variations of one or more of the active moieties in the combination. Finally, Seq2 uniquely identifies the name of the record in WHODrug. The Drug Code for the substance Ibuprofen is 001092 01 001. The Drug Code for the trade name Advil infants pain & fever relief is 001092 01 A3D. WHODrug records are classified

"Fire extinguisher"
five categories. In the UK the use of Halon gas is now prohibited except under certain situations such as on aircraft and in the military and police. Fire extinguishing performance per fire class is displayed using numbers and letters such as 13A, 55B. EN3 does not recognise a separate electrical class - however there is an additional feature requiring special testing (35 kV dielectric test per EN 3-7:2004). A powder or CO extinguisher will bear an electrical pictogramme as standard signifying that it can be used on live electrical fires (given the symbol E in the table). If a water-based

"Volatile organic compound"
Winning the Blue Sky Defence War released by the State Council in July 2018 creates an action plan to reduce 2015 VOC emissions 10% by 2020. The Central Pollution Control Board of India released the The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1981, amended in 1987, to address concerns about air pollution in India. While the document does not differentiate between VOCs and other air pollutants, the CPCB monitors ""oxides of nitrogen (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO), fine particulate matter (PM10) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)."" VOCs (or specific subsets of the VOCs) are legally defined in the various

"Stanley Cup"
as Savard had been the player that many fans had urged the Canadiens to draft back in 1980. The second was involving Joe Sakic and Ray Bourque when the Colorado Avalanche won the Cup in 2001, as the seventh and deciding game of the finals was the last of Bourque's 22-year NHL career, having never been on a cup-winning team until that time (until being traded to the Avalanche on March 6, 2000, Bourque had played only for the Boston Bruins). When Sakic received the trophy, he did not hoist it, but instead immediately handed it to Bourque; Sakic then

the Montreal Canadiens having won by far the most Cup championships of any team, the list of the players who have been engraved on the Cup the most often is dominated by Montreal players. Henri Richard of the Canadiens, with his name engraved eleven times, played on more Stanley Cup champions than any other player. He is followed by Jean Beliveau and Yvan Cournoyer of the Canadiens with ten championships, Claude Provost of the Canadiens with nine, and three players tied with eight: Red Kelly (four with the Red Wings, four with the Leafs, the most for any player who

"Stanley Cup Finals"
and Western Conferences. Western champions have won 19 times, while the Eastern champions have won 17 times. The Stanley Cup was first awarded to the Montreal Hockey Club in 1893 when the team won the 1893 AHAC season. The team then had to defend its champion-title both through league championships and challenge games organised by the Stanley Cup trustees. Until 1912, these challenges could take place before or during a league season. After 1912, the trustees ordered that challenges only take place after all league games were completed. The last challenge, in 1914, was the inauguration of the first ""World

"Stanley Cup playoffs"
players feel that the Stanley Cup is the true championship trophy and thus it should be the only trophy that they should be hoisting. There have been six recent exceptions to this – Scott Stevens of the Devils in 2000 and 2003; Sidney Crosby of the Penguins in 2009, 2016, and 2017; and Alexander Ovechkin of the Capitals in 2018. In five of these occurrences, their teams went on to win the Stanley Cup. In recent years, the captain of the winning team poses (usually looking solemn) with the conference trophy, and sometimes, the entire team poses as well. There

which was planned to be a best-of-three series, although the series allowed ties. The series ended after four games, when the Senators defeated the Bruins in the fourth game. The NHL has changed its playoff format several times since 1927, and thus the final round has not always pitted conference or division playoff champions against each other. In the playoff format used from 1929 to 1938, the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the first place teams played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The

the league's two conference playoff champions. 1. The NHL includes the Toronto Hockey Club (Toronto Arenas) 1918 win and the 1922 Toronto St. Patricks win in the Toronto Maple Leafs total. 2. The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season. 3. The Montreal Canadiens totals include the 1919 Final that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic. Stanley Cup Finals The Stanley Cup Finals in ice hockey (also known as the Stanley Cup Final among various media, ) is the National Hockey League (NHL)'s championship series to determine the winner

The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, having won it in 1993, while the Detroit Red Wings have won the Cup 11 times, the most of any United States-based NHL team, most recently in 2008. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11, 1888, he and his family became highly enthusiastic about ice hockey. Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreal's 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the

Grail, or facetiously (chiefly by sportswriters) as Lord Stanley's Mug. The Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 101 times by 18 active NHL teams and five defunct teams. It was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. During the challenge cup era from 1893 to 1914, the Cup was held by nine different teams.

regular season champion's primary success was only outscoring others, they may be out of luck facing goaltenders that can shut them out. And although rare, another aspect is that the NHL leads the other leagues in game seven comebacks. Only four instances has an NHL team been able to come back from being down 0–3 to win a seven-game series: the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs, the 1975 New York Islanders, the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers, and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings. There has been only one such ""reverse sweep"" comeback in the MLB postseason (the 2004 Boston Red Sox) and none

"NHL Conference Finals"
feel that the Stanley Cup is the true championship trophy, and only it should be hoisted. However, in 1994, Stephane Matteau, then of the New York Rangers, admitted that he tapped the Wales Trophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the

"Alpha Centauri"
points to the constellation Crux—the Southern Cross. The Pointers easily distinguish the true Southern Cross from the fainter asterism known as the False Cross. South of about 29° S latitude, Alpha Centauri is circumpolar and never sets below the horizon. North of about 29° N latitude, Alpha Centauri never rises. Alpha Centauri lies close to the southern horizon when viewed from the 29° N latitude to the equator (close to Hermosillo, Chihuahua City in Mexico, Galveston, Texas, Ocala, Florida and Lanzarote, the Canary Islands of Spain), but only for a short time around its culmination. The star culminates each year

Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System at from the Sun. It is a triple star system, consisting of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri B (officially Toliman), and Alpha Centauri C (officially Proxima Centauri). Alpha Centauri A and B are Sun-like stars (Class G and K), and together they form the binary star Alpha Centauri AB. To the naked eye, the two main components appear as a single star with an apparent magnitude of −0.27, forming the brightest point of light

and direction to those of Alpha Centauri AB, suggesting that Proxima Centauri is part of the Alpha Centauri system and slightly closer to Earth than Alpha Centauri AB. Lying away, Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to the Sun. All current derived distances for the three stars are from the parallaxes obtained from the Hipparcos star catalogue (HIP) and the Hubble Space Telescope. All components of Alpha Centauri display significant proper motion against the background sky. Over centuries, this causes their apparent positions to slowly change. Proper motion was unknown to ancient astronomers. Most assumed that the stars are immortal

naked eye, Alpha Centauri AB appears to be a single star, the brightest in the southern constellation of Centaurus. Their apparent angular separation varies over about 80 years between 2 and 22 arcsec (the naked eye has a resolution of 60 arcsec), but through much of the orbit, both are easily resolved in binoculars or small telescopes. At −0.27 apparent magnitude (combined for A and B magnitudes), Alpha Centauri is fainter only than Sirius and Canopus. It forms the outer star of ""The Pointers"" or ""The Southern Pointers"", so called because the line through Beta Centauri (Hadar/Agena), some 4.5° west,

"Beta Centauri"
Centauri, through Beta Centauri leads to within a few degrees of Gacrux, the star at the north end of the cross. Using Gacrux, a navigator can draw a line with Acrux at the south end to effectively determine south. ""β Centauri"" (Latinised to ""Beta Centauri"") is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional names ""Hadar"" and ""Agena"". ""Hadar"" comes from the Arabic حضار (the root's meaning is ""to be present"" or ""on the ground"" or ""settled, civilized area""), while the name ""Agena"" may ultimately be derived from the Latin ""genua"", meaning ""knees"". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized

"Proxima Centauri"
Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri (), or Alpha Centauri C, is a red dwarf, a small low-mass star, about from the Sun in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the Sun. With a quiescent apparent magnitude of 11.13, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. Proxima Centauri forms a third component of the Alpha Centauri system, currently with a separation of about and an orbital period of 550,000 years. At present Proxima is 2.18° to the southwest of Alpha Centauri. Because of Proxima Centauri's proximity

in the southern constellation of Centaurus and the third-brightest in the night sky, outshone only by Sirius and Canopus. Alpha Centauri A has 1.1 times the mass and 1.519 times the luminosity of the Sun, while Alpha Centauri B is smaller and cooler, at 0.907 times the Sun's mass and 0.445 times its luminosity. The pair orbit about a common centre with an orbital period of 79.91 years. Their elliptical orbit is moderately eccentric, greater than that of Mercury, so that the distance between A and B varies from nearly that between Pluto and the Sun (35.6 astronomical units), to

or dense interplanetary dust. The total mass was estimated to be between to the mass of the Moon, or 10–100 times the mass of the Solar System's zodiacal cloud. If such a disc existed around both stars, disc would likely be stable to 2.8 AU, and would likely be stable to 2.5 AU. This would put A's disc entirely within the frost line, and a small part of B's outer disc just outside. The sky from Alpha Centauri AB would appear much as it does from the Earth, except that Centaurus would be missing its brightest star. The Sun would

separated by 6.74 arcsec through the PA of 245.7°, reducing to 6.04 arcsec through 251.8° in 2011. The closest recent approach was in February 2016, at 4.0 arcsec through 300°. The observed maximum separation of these stars is about 22 arcsec, while the minimum distance is 1.7 arcsec. The widest separation occurred during February 1976 and the next will be in January 2056. The ""true orbit"", closest approach or periastron was in August 1955, and next in May 2035. Furthest orbital separation at apastron last occurred in May 1995 and the next will be in 2075. The apparent distance between

"Omega Centauri"
a dark, rural area. It is the brightest, largest and, at 4 million solar masses, the most massive known globular cluster associated with the Milky Way. Of all the globular clusters in the Local Group of galaxies, only Mayall II in the Andromeda Galaxy is brighter and more massive. Orbiting through the Milky Way, Omega Centauri contains several million Population II stars and is about 12 billion years old. The stars in the core of Omega Centauri are so crowded that they are estimated to average only 0.1 light years away from each other. The internal dynamics have been analyzed

Honda Fit The , also marketed as the , is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation. Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013. Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles. Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October

sporty all round bodykit, 16 inch wheels, red interior stitching and sports pedals. The U.S. model debuted at the 2014 North American International Auto Show and went on sale in June as a 2015 model year vehicle. The third generation model replaces the previous SOHC engine with an all-new 1.5-liter DOHC i-VTEC engine featuring direct injection and an intake cam using continuously variable cam phasing with a variable lift dual cam lobe profile. Transmission options include a 6-speed manual or continuously variable transmission (CVT) with available paddle shifters adopted from the Civic. Fuel mileage ratings for automatic models are 33/41/36

steering column. The Fit uses Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is also used by the Fit Aria/City (a sedan version of the Fit), the Airwave (a station wagon version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike. The Fit's central fuel tank location under the front rather than rear seats — combined with a compact, semi-independent, H-shaped torsion beam rear suspension — allows for a lower load platform and increased cargo volume. Noted for its ""class leading utilization of interior space and maximum flexibility for people or cargo,"" the Fit offered approximately twice the storage space behind

big hit. At its introduction in 2001, it won the Car of the Year Japan Award. By December 2001, it had outsold the Toyota Corolla, and ranked first in sales for nine out of twelve months in 2002. It subsequently was introduced in Europe (early 2002), Australia (late 2002), South America (early 2003), South Africa and South-East Asia (2003), China (Sep 2004), and Mexico (late 2005). The Fit's fuel tank under the front seat and compact rear suspension have enabled the rear seats to fold especially low, creating a flexible and regularised cargo volume that is large for its class.

where the spare tyre well is used as part of a 'Tall' mode cargo area behind the rear seats. A flexible flap allows three configurations of rear storage: Regular, Tall and Upper/Lower mode. The first generation Fit was produced at six locations, in Suzuka, Japan; Sumaré, Brazil; Guangzhou, China; Ayutthaya, Thailand; Karawang, Indonesia; and Laguna, Philippines. Models produced in Japan were for Honda's home market, Europe, some Asian markets, Australia (till the end of 2005), Canada and the United States. Models for the Malaysian, Singaporean and Vietnamese markets are produced in Thailand. The Brazilian factory supplied Mexico, all of Latin

its introduction. Japan accounts for the largest percentage of sales, with 962,000 units sold in the home market. Europe is next with 417,000 units. The U.S. accounts for 77,000 cars since introduction in 2006. Honda expected to sell 33,000 vehicles in the U.S. for the 2007 model year, but exceeded these expectations and sold 40,000. Honda plans to put 70,000 Fits on the U.S. roads for the 2008 model year. In the first half of 2008, Honda and other manufacturers were surprised by the rapid shift towards smaller cars in the United States. Sales of Fit during the first five

A production model for the United States and Canada debuted on January 8, 2006 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The car was released in Canada on 3 April 2006, and in the U.S. on 20 April 2006 as a 2007 model year car. In the North American markets, the first generation Fit was replaced after only two model years by a new 2009 model, which was released for Japan in November 2007 as a 2008 model. Subsequent iterations would maintain the same platforms worldwide. The first generation Fit was sold in 6 variations whilst its City/Fit

improve U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test ratings. The engine is a i-VTEC 4-cylinder with 117 horsepower at 6600 rpm mated to a five-speed manual transmission or a five-speed automatic transmission. The second generation Honda Fit went on sale in North America around August 26, 2008, for the 2009 model year. It was considered the most expensive within the subcompact class when equipped as such, but was also described as modestly priced. It was reported in September 2009 that Honda is considering producing the Fit in North America in response to the increasing strength of the Japanese

option at the end of the lease. The Honda Fit was one of the cars listed as eligible for the SCCA World Challenge's touring car B-spec class for the 2012 season onward. Fit engines are also used in another SCCA class, the F1600 Championship Series. Honda Fit The , also marketed as the , is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation. Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013. Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the

"90th Academy Awards"
""Dunkirk"" won three awards; ""Blade Runner 2049"", ""Coco"", ""Darkest Hour"" and ""Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"" won two awards each. Frances McDormand and Sam Rockwell won Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor awards for ""Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"" while Gary Oldman won Best Actor for ""Darkest Hour"". Allison Janney won Best Supporting Actress honor for ""I, Tonya"". With a U.S. viewership of 26.5 million, it was the least-watched show in the Academy's history. The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly

"91st Academy Awards"
91st Academy Awards The 91st Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), will honor the best films of 2018 and will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The ceremony will be held on February 24, 2019. During the ceremony, AMPAS will present Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony will be televised in the United States by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), produced by Donna Gigliotti and Glenn Weiss, with Weiss also serving as director. Due to the mixed receptions and declining ratings for

90th Academy Awards The 90th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2017 and took place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The ceremony was held on March 4, 2018, rather than its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd and directed by Glenn Weiss.

Academy's website there is a gallery focusing on several other artists who were not included in the segment. Official website News resources Analysis Other resources 90th Academy Awards The 90th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2017 and took place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The ceremony was held on March 4, 2018, rather than its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The

the last two ceremonies, producers Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd declined to helm the Oscar production. They were replaced by Donna Gigliotti and Glenn Weiss as producers. On December 4, 2018, it was announced that Kevin Hart would host the ceremony. Hart expressed that it was truly an honor and a thrill to be asked to host the Academy Awards, commenting, ""For years I have been asked if I would ever host the Oscars and my answer was always the same... I said that it would be the opportunity of a lifetime for me as a comedian and that

"89th Academy Awards"
Actress for Emma Stone and Best Director for Damien Chazelle. ""Hacksaw Ridge"" and ""Manchester by the Sea"" won two awards each with Casey Affleck winning Best Actor for the latter. Viola Davis won the Best Supporting Actress honor for ""Fences"". The telecast garnered 33 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 89th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2017, via global live stream from the Academy. ""La La Land"" received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's ""All About Eve"" and 1997's ""Titanic"" also achieved this distinction); ""Arrival"" and ""Moonlight"" came in second with eight

"76th Golden Globe Awards"
76th Golden Globe Awards The 76th Golden Globe Awards will honor the best in film and American television of 2018, as chosen by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Produced by Dick Clark Productions and the HFPA, the 76th Golden Globe Awards is scheduled to take place on January 6, 2019 at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. The ceremony will air live on NBC in the United States. Sandra Oh and Andy Samberg will host the ceremony. The nominees were announced on December 6, 2018 by Terry Crews, Danai Gurira,

of the nominations announcement on January 24, 2017, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $483.8 million, with an average of $53.8 million per film. When the nominations were announced, ""Arrival"" was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $95.7 million in domestic box office receipts. ""La La Land"" was the second-highest-grossing film with $90.5 million, followed by ""Hidden Figures"" ($85 million), ""Hacksaw Ridge"" ($65.5 million), ""Fences"" ($48.8 million), ""Manchester by the Sea"" ($39 million), ""Hell or High Water"" ($27 million), ""Lion"" ($16.5 million) and ""Moonlight"" ($15.8 million). ""Moonlight""

""Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"" ($32.2 million), ""The Shape of Water"" ($30.4 million), ""Call Me by Your Name"" ($9.1 million), and ""Phantom Thread"" ($6.3 million). From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. ""The Post"" ($34.6 million) and ""The Shape of Water"" ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by ""Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"" ($19.8 million), ""Darkest Hour"" ($14.5 million), ""Phantom Thread"" ($13.8 million),

Swarovski crystals. At the time of the nominations announcement on January 23, 2018, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $568.2 million, with an average of $63.1 million per film (although ""Dunkirk"" and ""Get Out"" were the only films with a gross above $46 million). When the nominations were announced, ""Dunkirk"" was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $188 million in domestic box office receipts. ""Get Out"" was the second-highest-grossing film with $175.6 million, followed by ""The Post"" ($45.7 million), ""Darkest Hour"" ($41 million), ""Lady Bird"" ($39.1 million),

"Lucius Caesar"
Lucius Caesar Lucius Caesar (Latin: ""Lucius Julius Caesar""; 17 BC – 20 August AD 2) was the grandson of Augustus. The son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Augustus' only daughter, Lucius was adopted by his grandfather along with his older brother, Gaius Caesar. As the emperor's adopted sons and joint-heirs to the Roman Empire, Lucius and Gaius had promising political and military careers. However, Lucius died of a sudden illness on 20 August AD 2, in Massilia, Gaul, while traveling to meet the Roman army in Hispania. His brother Gaius also died at a relatively young age

Romulus
the founding of Rome; the Rape of the Sabine Women; the war with the Sabines; Titus Tatius; the establishment of Roman institutions; and the death or apotheosis of Romulus, and succession of Numa Pompilius. Romulus and Remus, his twin brother, were the sons of Rhea Silvia, herself the daughter of Numitor, the former king of Alba Longa. Through them, the twins are descended from the Trojan hero Aeneas and Latinus, the mythical founder of the kingdom of Latium. Before the twins' birth, Numitor had been usurped by his brother, Amulius. After seizing the throne, Amulius murdered Numitor's son, and condemned

heir of Augustus in AD 4. Lucius Caesar Lucius Caesar (Latin: ""Lucius Julius Caesar""; 17 BC – 20 August AD 2) was the grandson of Augustus. The son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Augustus' only daughter, Lucius was adopted by his grandfather along with his older brother, Gaius Caesar. As the emperor's adopted sons and joint-heirs to the Roman Empire, Lucius and Gaius had promising political and military careers. However, Lucius died of a sudden illness on 20 August AD 2, in Massilia, Gaul, while traveling to meet the Roman army in Hispania. His brother Gaius also

"Lucius Junius Brutus"
Roman army. Valerius led the infantry, and Brutus led the cavalry. Arruns, the king's son, led the Etruscan cavalry. The cavalry first joined battle and Arruns, having spied from afar the lictors, and thereby recognising the presence of a consul, soon saw that Brutus was in command of the cavalry. The two men, who were cousins, charged each other, and speared each other to death. The infantry also soon joined the battle, the result being in doubt for some time. The right wing of each army was victorious, the army of Tarquinii forcing back the Romans, and the Veientes being

Lucius Junius Brutus Lucius Junius Brutus () was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first consuls in 509 BC. This followed his successful overthrow of the Roman monarchy. He was claimed as an ancestor of the Roman gens Junia, including Decimus Junius Brutus and Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins. Prior to the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome had been ruled by kings. Brutus led the revolt that overthrew the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, after the rape of the noblewoman (and kinswoman of Brutus) Lucretia at the hands of

"Marcus Annius Verus"
Marcus Annius Verus Marcus Annius Verus ( 50 – 138 AD) was the grandfather and adoptive father of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and father-in-law of Emperor Antoninus Pius. He was prefect of Rome and was enrolled as a patrician when Vespasian and Titus were censors. Verus was three times consul, the first time as a suffect in 97, then as ordinary consul in both 121 and 126. This is apparently the cause for a ""very strange inscription, found on a large marble tablet excavated in the sixteenth century at St. Peter's in Rome"" which alludes to this achievement while

"Lucius Aelius"
supplement the literary sources. All citations to the ""Historia Augusta"" are to individual biographies, and are marked with a """"HA"""". Citations to the works of Fronto are cross-referenced to C.R. Haines' Loeb edition. Lucius Aelius Lucius Aelius Caesar (January 13, 101 – January 1, 138) was the father of Emperor Lucius Verus. In 136, he was adopted by Hadrian and named heir to the throne. He died before Hadrian and thus never became emperor. After Lucius' death, he was replaced by Antoninus Pius, who succeeded Hadrian the same year. Aelius was born with the name Lucius Ceionius Commodus, and became

in the Tarquinian conspiracy. Amongst the conspirators were two brothers of Brutus' wife Vitellia, and Brutus' two sons, Titus Junius Brutus and Tiberius Junius Brutus. The conspiracy was discovered and the consuls determined to punish the conspirators with death. Brutus gained respect for his stoicism in watching the execution of his own sons, even though he showed emotion during the punishment. His colleague Collatinus was removed from office for his lack of harshness on the conspirators. Tarquin again sought to retake the throne soon after at the Battle of Silva Arsia, leading the forces of Tarquinii and Veii against the

routed. However the Etruscan forces eventually fled the field, the Romans claiming the victory. The surviving consul, Valerius, after celebrating a triumph for the victory, held a funeral for Brutus with much magnificence. The Roman noblewomen mourned him for one year, for his vengeance of Lucretia's violation. Lucius Junius Brutus is quite prominent in English literature, and he was quite popular among British and American Whigs. A reference to L. J. Brutus is in the following lines from Shakespeare's play ""The Tragedie of Julius Cæsar"", (Cassius to Marcus Brutus, Act 1, Scene 2). One of the main charges of the

"Gaius Julius Caesar"
was born in 100 BC, the youngest child of Gaius Julius Caesar (proconsul) and Aurelia Cotta. Together with Pompeius and Marcus Licinius Crassus, he was part of the first Triumvirate. A brilliant general who inspired his men, Caesar conquered Gaul, won the Civil War, and instituted various civil and social reforms at Rome. Named dictator in perpetuity, Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March, 44 BC. The years after his death saw the demise of the Roman Republic, and the establishment of the Roman emperors. Born ""Gaius Octavius"", the grandnephew of the dictator was

Superboy-Prime
powerless, Kal-El knocks Superboy-Prime out before collapsing himself, but members of the Green Lantern Corps manage to save Kal-El. Superboy-Prime is then taken into the custody of the Guardians of the Universe, who place him in a quantum containment field, surrounded by a red Sun-Eater and guarded by fifty Green Lanterns. While inside his cell, he carves the Superman symbol into his chest. A year later, Superboy-Prime sits naked in his cell and is watched over by a special cadre of Green Lanterns, including Guy Gardner, when the Guardians of the Universe discuss whether they should question him. When the

"Green Lantern: Mosaic"
Ali Apsa, the lone remaining Guardian left behind after his brothers left our dimension, has been driven insane by loneliness. For companionship, Apsa has been uprooting cities from all the worlds he has visited and transporting them to the planet Oa, creating a patchwork known as the Mosaic World. John Stewart, captured by Apsa, summons Jordan through their power rings and, together with Guy Gardner and the newly returned Guardians, defeat Apsa. Believing that Apsa's experiment should be allowed to progress to its conclusion, the Guardians elected to maintain his strange mosaic of communities rather than return the inhabitants to

"Sinestro Corps"
the Guardians of the Universe to Qward in the antimatter universe. When he returned, he wielded a power ring which used yellow energy. After various encounters with Earth's Green Lantern, Hal Jordan, he was imprisoned within the Central Power Battery. There he was able to use his ring, which uses fear, as opposed to willpower, as a power source, to awaken Parallax from hibernation. From there, Parallax and Sinestro were able to influence the fall of Hal Jordan and instigate the fall of the Green Lantern Corps, leaving one last Green Lantern: Kyle Rayner. After the Green Lantern Corps was

"The Trial of Superman"
The Trial of Superman Weakened after a titanic battle with the Parasite II (Rudolph ""Rudy"" Jones (in a more monstrous form)), Superman inexplicably finds himself shackled in chains and under arrest by a group of intergalactic law enforcement officers under the command of the Tribunal, an intergalactic court dedicated to justice in all its many forms. Taken to another galaxy, Superman briefly escapes and regains the energy stolen from him by the Parasite; however, he is recaptured and has his superpowers negated by a device called a Geneti-Lock. He is then put on trial by the Tribunal, personified by three

Sayd
Sayd Sayd is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe. She is now an exiled member of the Guardians of the Universe. Where most of the Guardians are void of emotion and rigid in their compliance to standard policy, Sayd's sensibilities are more in line with those of Ganthet, a Guardian known for his non-traditional mindset. The two are exiled (in part) for their love for one another. In ""Green Lantern"" #150 Kyle Rayner (as Ion) relights the Central Power Battery on Oa and restores the dead Guardians to life. However they were restored as children in a mix

Salaak
along with all other Green Lanterns, were left powerless. Salaak ends up captured, along with multiple other Green Lanterns and one Darkstar. They are scheduled to be sold into slavery but former Green Lantern Guy Gardner, with powers underived from a Power Ring, rescues the entire group. Salaak attends Hal's memorial service on Earth. The Corps, reformed again, has Salaak as the senior administrator and the Keeper of the Book of Oa. The Book tells of the adventures of multiple Green Lanterns throughout the history of the universe. Salaak reinforces the squadron of Lanterns sent to save Mogo from Ranx

Sinestro
to be executed on his homeworld of Korugar. During the transport, a group of Sinestro Corps members attempt to free him. Atrocitus and his Red Lanterns intervene by attacking both Corps and kidnapping Sinestro. In the midst of the battle, a Blue Lantern named Saint Walker tells Hal Jordan that Sinestro's survival is crucial in order to stop the Blackest Night. After being taken to Ysmault, he is nailed to a cross to await his execution at the hands of Atrocitus, who wishes to make Sinestro suffer greatly by taking his revenge on everything he has ever cared about. His

"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
and Rocket to destroy Ronan's warhammer. Quill grabs the freed Stone, and with Gamora, Drax, and Rocket sharing its burden, they use it to destroy Ronan. In the aftermath, Quill tricks Yondu into taking a container supposedly containing the Stone, and gives the real Stone to the Nova Corps. As the Ravagers leave Xandar, Yondu remarks that it turned out well that they did not deliver Quill to his father per their contract. Quill's group, now known as the Guardians of the Galaxy, have their criminal records expunged, and Quill learns that he is only half-human, his father being part

"Guy Gardner (comics)"
Duty. Guy, along with fellow Green Lanterns Hal Jordan and John Stewart, are captured by Parallax during battle and brought to Qward. Guy and Stewart are then held prisoner by Lyssa Drak, who forces them to relive tragedies in their lives. Hal manages to defeat Lyssa and free Guy and John from their nightmare. In the skirmish following their escape, Parallax nearly breaks Gardner's neck. Upon returning to their universe, they defend Earth from the entire Sinestro Corps. After helping to free Kyle from Parallax's possession, Parallax is split into four pieces by former Guardians Ganthet and Sayd, and placed

Sinestro
Finding him guilty, they condemned him to death and executed him, but Sinestro managed to cheat death itself by sending his essence into the Central Power Battery and shutting it down. While in the Battery, he also made a startling discovery about the ancient weakness to yellow within the Green Lanterns' light. Hal Jordan entered the Battery in a desperate attempt to restore the powers of his fellow Lanterns and ultimately defeated Sinestro, whose spirit was condemned to remain trapped inside the Central Battery, powerless, for eternity. Yet Sinestro had earned an even greater personal victory as the so-called ""yellow

Sofia
a horseriding club (St George club). Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that “the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.” Population growth over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,238,438 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,325,429.The first census carried out in February 1878 by the Russian Army recorded a population

Sofia
is pronounced by Bulgarians with a stress on the 'i'. Sofia City Province has an area of 1344 km. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. The valley has an average altitude of . Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not have any large rivers or bridges, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. Three mountain passes lead to the city,

Sofia
Sofia Sofia ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city is at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western part of the country. Being in the centre of the Balkan peninsula, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea. Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of Sofia begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi, raided by Huns in 343-347 AD

Sofia
Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University. Sofia is twinned with: In addition Sofia has co-operation agreements with: Serdica Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Serdica. Sofia Sofia ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city is at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in

Sofia
million residents within 5723 km², which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, , , , Svoge, , , , Kostenets) and Pernik Province (, ), representing 5.16% of the country territory. The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. Unlike most European metropolitan areas, it is not to be defined as a substantially functional metropolitan area, but is of the type with ""limited variety of functions"". The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.68 million and is made up

Sofia
the surrounding rural suburbs and are called Shopi. Shopi speak one of the transitional South Slavic dialects, along with Torlakian, sharing features with both eastern (Bulgarian and Macedonian) and western (Serbo-Croatian) branches, although they are given non-Slavic origin through the ancient Thracian Serdi, the founders of the city. Sofia is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, the National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. The city's GDP (PPS) per capita stood at €29,600 ($33,760) in 2015, one of the lowest for a capital region in the EU, but

Sofia
people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. Plovdiv remained the most populous Bulgarian town until 1892 when Sofia took the lead. The city is the hot spot of internal migration, the capital population is increasing and is around 17% of the national, thus a small number of people with local roots remain today, they dominate

Sofia
14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. These include

Sofia
has an extensive green belt. Some of the neighbourhoods constructed after 2000 are densely built up and lack green spaces. There are four principal parks – Borisova gradina in the city centre and the ""Southern"", ""Western"" and ""Northern"" parks. Several smaller parks, among which the Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans) includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of , with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. Vitosha Mountain is a popular hiking destination due to

Sofia
which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. A number of low rivers cross the city, including the Vladayska and the Perlovska. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs. Artificial and dam lakes were built in the twentieth century. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (""Strong""). The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake

"Marriage Act 1961 (Australia)"
Part II (s.10-21) deals with the marriageable age and the marriage of minors. In the original 1961 Act, marriageable age was set at 16 for females and 18 for males. The marriageable age was equalised in 1991 by the ""Sex Discrimination Amendment Act 1991"", which raised the marriageable age of females to 18. The marriage of a person aged 16 or 17 to another aged over 18 is permitted in ""unusual and exceptional circumstances"", which requires the consent of the younger person's parents and authorisation by a court. Prior to the 1991 changes, the ""unusual and exceptional circumstances"" procedures applied

"Marriage in Australia"
2015 was 12.1 years. The median age at divorce was 45.3 years for men and 42.7 years for women. Same-sex marriage became legal in Australia in December 2017, after the Federal Parliament passed the ""Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017"". The ""Marriage Act 1961"" (Australia's first federal marriage legislation) did not include a definition of marriage; it left that definition to the common law. The ""Marriage Amendment Act 2004"" defined, for the first time by statute, marriage as ""the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others, voluntarily entered into for life."" This

the following day and went into effect on 9 December 2017. Marriage in Australia As was the case for other Western countries, marriage in Australia for most of the 20th century was done early and near-universally, particularly in the period after World War II to the early 1970s. Marriage at a young age was most often associated with pregnancy prior to marriage. Marriage was once seen as necessary for couples who cohabited. While some couples did cohabit before marriage, it was relatively uncommon up until the 1950s in much of the Western world. If both partners are under the age

"Marriageable age"
marry a 7 year old girl. Marriageable age Marriageable age (or marriage age) is the minimum age at which a person is allowed by law to marry, either as a right or subject to parental, judicial or other forms of approval. Age and other prerequisites to marriage vary between jurisdictions, but in the vast majority of jurisdictions, the marriage age ""as a right"" is set at the age of majority. Nevertheless, most jurisdictions allow marriage at a younger age with parental or judicial approval, and some also allow younger people to marry if the female is pregnant. Until recently, the

Marriageable age Marriageable age (or marriage age) is the minimum age at which a person is allowed by law to marry, either as a right or subject to parental, judicial or other forms of approval. Age and other prerequisites to marriage vary between jurisdictions, but in the vast majority of jurisdictions, the marriage age ""as a right"" is set at the age of majority. Nevertheless, most jurisdictions allow marriage at a younger age with parental or judicial approval, and some also allow younger people to marry if the female is pregnant. Until recently, the marriageable age for women was lower

all those marrying were already living together. Since 1999, civil celebrants have overseen the majority of marriages. In 2017, 78% of marriages were solemnised by a civil celebrant. Since its inception, the Commonwealth Public Service had placed a bar on employment of married women, meaning that married women could only be employed as temporary staff. Any female employee was required to resign upon marrying. This bar restricted women's opportunities for promotion. It was lifted in 1966 after a long campaign. In 1971, more than three quarters of women surveyed placed being a mother before their career. By 1991 this figure

"Age of marriage in the United States"
the state set a minimum age of 17 in 2018. Age of marriage in the United States The minimum age for marriage in the United States is set by each state. Unlike most Western countries, 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. Individuals aged 18 have the free ability to marry in the United States states, except in Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, no state, except Delaware and New Jersey, forbid minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. In

the marriage of persons under 18 but over 16 may be authorised by a court. The official registration of marriage is the responsibility of each state and territory. A Notice of Intended Marriage is required to be lodged with the chosen celebrant. According to a 2008 Relationships Australia survey love, companionship and signifying a lifelong commitment were the top reasons for marriage. In colonial New South Wales marriage was often an arrangement of convenience. For female convicts, marriage was a way of escaping incarceration. Land leases were denied to those who were unmarried. Until 1961, each Australian state and territory

majority is 19 in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut, and marriage under 19 in these provinces requires parental or court consent (see Marriage in Canada). In many jurisdictions, by marriage minors become legally emancipated. The marriageable age ""as a right"" is 18 in all European countries, with the exception of Andorra and Scotland where it is 16 (for both sexes). Existing ""exceptions"" to this general rule (usually requiring special judicial or parental consent) are discussed below. In both the European Union and the Council of Europe the marriageable age falls within

Age of marriage in the United States The minimum age for marriage in the United States is set by each state. Unlike most Western countries, 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. Individuals aged 18 have the free ability to marry in the United States states, except in Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, no state, except Delaware and New Jersey, forbid minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. In half of the states, children under 16 can be married

what percentage of the us population lives below the poverty line

"Poverty in the United States"
family of 4 with no children under 18 years of age is $22,541, while the figure for a family of 4 with 2 children under 18 is $22,162. For comparison, the 2011 HHS poverty guideline for a family of 4 is $22,350. Another way of looking at poverty is in ""relative"" terms. ""Relative poverty"" can be defined as ""having significantly less income and wealth than other members of society."" Therefore, the relative poverty rate is a measure of income inequality. When the standard of living among those in more financially advantageous positions rises while that of those considered poor stagnates,

education that high income communities do which results in a cycle of poverty. In the United States more than 40.6 million people live in poverty (Census.gov, 2016 ), cause mainly by wage inequality (Adams, 2004 ), inflation and poor education (Western & Pettit, 2010 . The vast majority living in poverty is uneducated people that end up increasing more unemployment(Census.gov, 2016 ) and crime (Western & Pettit, 2010 ). Therefore, in order to reduce poverty, higher education needs to become a priority as higher educated people have a better chance in succeeding in life (Hoynes, Page, & Stevens, 2006 ).

alone: 19.1% lived in poverty. This number varied by race and ethnicity as follows: 18% of white persons (which includes white Hispanics) 28.9% of black persons (which includes black Hispanics) and 27% of Hispanic persons (of any race) living in poverty. The US Census declared that in 2014 14.8% of the general population lived in poverty: 10.1% of all white non-Hispanic persons 12.0% of all Asian persons 23.6% of all Hispanic persons (of any race) 26.2% of all African American persons 28.3% of Native Americans / Alaska Natives As of 2010 about half of those living in poverty are non-Hispanic

population living in poverty. In 2009 the number of people who were in poverty was approaching 1960s levels that led to the national War on Poverty. In 2011 extreme poverty in the United States, meaning households living on less than $2 per day before government benefits, was double 1996 levels at 1.5 million households, including 2.8 million children. In 2012 the percentage of seniors living in poverty was 14% while 18% of children were. The addition of Social Security benefits contributed more to reduce poverty than any other factor. Recent census data shows that half the population qualifies as poor

rural and inner city parts of the country as compared to suburban areas. Estimates of the number of Americans living in poverty are nuanced. One organization estimated that in 2015, 13.5% of Americans (43.1 million) lived in poverty. Yet other scholars underscore the number of Americans living in ""near-poverty,"" putting the number at around 100 million, or nearly a third of the U.S. population. Starting in the 1930s, relative poverty rates have consistently exceeded those of other wealthy nations. The lowest poverty rates are found in New Hampshire, Vermont, Minnesota and Nebraska, which have between 8.7% and 9.1% of their

Among married couple families: 5.8% lived in poverty. This number varied by race and ethnicity as follows: 5.4% of all white persons (which includes white Hispanics), 10.7% of all black persons (which includes black Hispanics), and 14.9% of all Hispanic persons (of any race) living in poverty. Among single parent (male or female) families: 26.6% lived in poverty. This number varied by race and ethnicity as follows: 22.5% of all white persons (which includes white Hispanics), 44.0% of all black persons (which includes black Hispanics), and 33.4% of all Hispanic persons (of any race) living in poverty. Among individuals living

report on the study in ""The Guardian"" stated: Some 12 million Americans live with diseases associated with extreme poverty. According to Philip Alston, the United Nations special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, 19 million people live in deep poverty (a total family income that is below one-half of the poverty threshold) in the United States as of 2017. The Urban Institute reported in August 2018 that nearly half of Americans, or 4 in 10, are struggling to afford basic needs, such as housing, utilities, groceries and health care. Some critics assert that the official U.S. poverty definition is

is 48 years old for men and 52 years old for women. With either set of figures, that's the shortest life expectancy for any community in the Western Hemisphere outside Haiti, according to The Wall Street Journal."" The US Census declared that in 2010 15.1% of the general population lived in poverty: 22% of all people under age 18 13.7% of all people 19–21 and 9% of all people ages 65 and older The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) uses a different measure for poverty and declared in 2008 that child poverty in the US is 20% and

inconsistent with how it is defined by its own citizens and the rest of the world, because the U.S. government considers many citizens statistically impoverished despite their ability to sufficiently meet their basic needs. According to a heavily criticised 2011 paper by The Heritage Foundation research fellow Robert Rector, of the 43.6 million Americans deemed by the U.S. Census Bureau to be below the poverty level in 2009, the majority had adequate shelter, food, clothing and medical care. In addition, the paper stated that those assessed as below the poverty line in 2011 have a much higher quality of living

goods, for the most prevalent household types both standardization methods show very similar results. In addition to family status, race/ethnicity and age also correlate with high poverty rates in the United States. Although data regarding race and poverty are more extensively published and cross tabulated, the family status correlation is by far the strongest. According to the US Census, in 2007 5.8% of all people in married families lived in poverty, as did 26.6% of all persons in single parent households and 19.1% of all persons living alone. More than 75% of all poor households are headed by women (2012).

"DNA database"
Interpol reported there were 31 national DNA databases and six more planned. The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) DNA working group made 33 recommendations in 2014 for DNA database management and guidelines for auditing DNA databases. Other countries have adopted privately developed DNA databases, such as Qatar, which has adopted Bode dbSEARCH. Typically, a tiny subset of the individual's genome is sampled from 13 or 16 regions that have high individuation. The first national DNA database in the United Kingdom was established in April 1995, called National DNA Database (NDNAD). By 2006, it contained 2.7 million DNA profiles

(about 5.2% of the UK population), as well as other information from individuals and crime scenes. This had increased to 5.7 million profiles by 2015. The information is stored in the form of a digital code, which is based on the nomenclature of each STR. In the UK, police have wide-ranging powers to take DNA samples and retain them if the subject is convicted of a recordable offence. As the large amount of DNA profiles which have been stored in NDNAD, ""cold hits"" may happen during the DNA matching, which means finding an unexpected match between an individual's DNA profile

and thus finding some new drugs or effective treatments in controlling these diseases. It is often collaborated with the National Health Service. A national DNA database is a DNA database maintained by the government for storing DNA profiles of its population. Each DNA profile based on PCR and uses STR (Short Tandem Repeats) analysis. They are generally used for forensic purposes which includes searching and matching of DNA profiles of potential criminal suspects. In 2009 Interpol reported there were 54 police national DNA databases in the world at the time and 26 more countries planned to start one. In Europe

DNA
the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction. Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences. They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector. The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture. Forensic scientists can use DNA in blood, semen, skin, saliva or hair found at a

"Touch DNA"
Touch DNA Touch DNA is a forensic method for analysing DNA left at the scene of a crime. It is called ""touch DNA"" because it only requires very small samples, for example from the skin cells left on an object after it has been touched or casually handled. Touch DNA analysis only requires seven or eight cells from the outermost layer of human skin. The technique has been criticized for high rates of false positives due to contamination—for example, fingerprint brushes used by crime scene investigators can transfer trace amounts of skin cells from one surface to another, leading to

innocent. Touch DNA Touch DNA is a forensic method for analysing DNA left at the scene of a crime. It is called ""touch DNA"" because it only requires very small samples, for example from the skin cells left on an object after it has been touched or casually handled. Touch DNA analysis only requires seven or eight cells from the outermost layer of human skin. The technique has been criticized for high rates of false positives due to contamination—for example, fingerprint brushes used by crime scene investigators can transfer trace amounts of skin cells from one surface to another, leading

DNA database A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases. When a match is made from a national DNA database to link a crime scene to a person whose DNA profile is stored on a database, that link is often referred to as a ""cold hit"". A cold hit is of particular value in linking a specific person to a crime scene, but is of

the country. One of the projects in this initiative was a DNA database that would collect the genomes of all 3 million citizens of the country over a 10-year period. It was intended to use the data base for finding genetic causes of diseases and creating personalised medical treatments. Germany set up its DNA database for the German Federal Police (BKA) in 1998. In late 2010, the database contained DNA profiles of over 700,000 individuals and in September 2016 it contained 1,162,304 entries. On 23 May 2011 in the ""Stop the DNA Collection Frenzy!"" campaign various civil rights and data

"Ancient DNA"
in ice, such as the Ötzi the Iceman (Handt ""et al."" 1994), or through rapid desiccation, such as high-altitude mummies from the Andes (c.f. Pääbo 1986; Montiel ""et al."" 2001), as well as various sources of artificially preserved tissue (such as the chemically treated mummies of ancient Egypt). However, mummified remains are a limited resource. The majority of human aDNA studies have focused on extracting DNA from two sources that are much more common in the archaeological record – bone and teeth. Several other sources have also yielded DNA, including paleofaeces (Poinar ""et al."" 2001) and hair (Baker ""et al.""

DNA
tracing the spaces, or grooves, between the strands. These voids are adjacent to the base pairs and may provide a binding site. As the strands are not symmetrically located with respect to each other, the grooves are unequally sized. One groove, the major groove, is 22 Å wide and the other, the minor groove, is 12 Å wide. The width of the major groove means that the edges of the bases are more accessible in the major groove than in the minor groove. As a result, proteins such as transcription factors that can bind to specific sequences in double-stranded DNA

"Last Train from Gun Hill"
Last Train from Gun Hill Last Train from Gun Hill is a 1959 Western in VistaVision and Technicolor by action director John Sturges. It stars Kirk Douglas, Anthony Quinn, Carolyn Jones, and Earl Holliman. Douglas and Holliman had previously appeared together in Sturges' ""Gunfight at the O.K. Corral"" (1957), which used much of the same crew. Two old friends, Matt Morgan (Kirk Douglas) and Craig Belden (Anthony Quinn), now find themselves on opposite sides of the law. Belden, a rich cattle baron, is the de facto ruler of the town of Gun Hill. Morgan is a U.S. Marshal living in

another town with his Native American/Indian wife (played by Ziva Rodann) and young son, Petey. Two young drunken cowboys rape and murder Morgan's wife while she is returning with their son from a visit to her father. The boy escapes on one of the killers' horses, bearing a distinctive, fancy saddle. Morgan sets off to find the killer. His one clue is the saddle, which he recognizes as belonging to Belden. Assuming it was stolen from his old friend, Morgan travels to the town of Gun Hill to pick up the trail, but once there he quickly realizes that Belden's

"Geoff Stults"
to his character from the television show, ""The Finder"" with current girlfriend Alana Davis, an interior designer for Kelly Wearstler Co. Geoff Stults Geoffrey Manton ""Geoff"" Stults (born December 15, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his regular roles on ""7th Heaven"", ""October Road"" and ""Happy Town"". He most recently starred as Major Walter Sherman in ""The Finder"" and as Sgt. Pete Hill in ""Enlisted"". He played the recurring role of Mitch in seasons 1-3 of the Netflix series ""Grace and Frankie"". His film roles include ""The Break-Up"", ""Unforgettable"", ""Only the Brave"", and ""12 Strong"". Stults was

son Rick (Earl Holliman) is the killer. Belden refuses to turn over his son, forcing Morgan to go against the entire town. He vows to capture Rick and get him on that night's last train from Gun Hill. Morgan takes Rick prisoner, holding him at the hotel. Belden sends men to rescue his son, but Morgan manages to hold them off. In the meantime, Belden's former lover (Carolyn Jones) decides to help Morgan. She sneaks a shotgun to his hotel room. The second rapist, Lee, sets fire to the hotel to flush out Morgan. Morgan presses the shotgun to Rick's

"Last Stand at Saber River"
rancher Duane Kidston (David Carradine). During the night, horses headed by her men accidentally stampede through the Cables' camp, leading Paul and Martha to scold the men. Lorraine agrees that her men were foolish to run the horses at night, and scolds them. Through this interaction, the cowhands and Lorraine learn that the man in front of them is, in fact, Paul Cable. They had been told that he was dead, and since then, her father has assumed control of Cable's ranch. Lorraine's father, Duane Kidston, is a former Union Army soldier, as is his brother Vern (Keith Carradine). They

"Red Hill (film)"
Red Hill (film) Red Hill is a 2010 Australian neo-western/thriller film written and directed by Patrick Hughes. The film stars Ryan Kwanten, Steve Bisley and Tom E. Lewis. Shane Cooper (Ryan Kwanten), a young police officer, relocates to the small town of Red Hill with his pregnant wife Alice (Claire van der Boom). On his first day on the job, he is shown hostility from Old Bill (Steve Bisley), the head of the police force, for being unable to find his gun and getting shot on duty when he couldn't bring himself to fire his weapon on an armed boy.

"Gunsmoke: To the Last Man"
Gunsmoke: To the Last Man Gunsmoke: To the Last Man is a 1992 American made-for-television western film starring James Arness as retired Marshal Matt Dillon and featuring Pat Hingle. Hapless rustlers make the fatal mistake of stealing Matt Dillon's cattle and Dillon blunders into the gory Pleasant Valley War during the process of hunting them down and killing two of them. The film, set in the 1880s, was directed by Jerry Jameson and based upon the long-running American television series ""Gunsmoke"" (1955 to 1975). The supporting cast features Matt Mulhern as Will McCall, Joseph Bottoms as villainous Tommy Graham, and

"The Hill (film)"
authorities. One new NCO guard who has also just arrived employs excessive punishments, which include forcing the five newcomers to repeatedly climb a man-made hill in the centre of the camp. When one dies, a power struggle erupts between brutal Staff Sergeant Williams (Ian Hendry), humane Staff Sergeant Harris (Ian Bannen), Regimental Sergeant Major Wilson (Harry Andrews) and the camp's Medical Officer (Michael Redgrave) as they struggle to run the camp in conflicting styles. Roberts (Sean Connery) is a former Squadron Sergeant Major from the Royal Tank Regiment, convicted of assaulting his commanding officer - which he explains to his

Geoff Stults Geoffrey Manton ""Geoff"" Stults (born December 15, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his regular roles on ""7th Heaven"", ""October Road"" and ""Happy Town"". He most recently starred as Major Walter Sherman in ""The Finder"" and as Sgt. Pete Hill in ""Enlisted"". He played the recurring role of Mitch in seasons 1-3 of the Netflix series ""Grace and Frankie"". His film roles include ""The Break-Up"", ""Unforgettable"", ""Only the Brave"", and ""12 Strong"". Stults was born in Detroit, Michigan and raised in Green Mountain Falls, Colorado. His brother is actor George Stults. He graduated from Manitou

chin on the way to the train depot, threatening to pull the trigger if anyone attempts to stop him. Lee tries to kill Morgan but shoots Rick instead. Morgan then kills Lee with the shotgun. As the train prepares to leave, a devastated Belden confronts Morgan in a final showdown and is gunned down. The movie was filmed in and around Old Tucson Studios outside of Tucson, Arizona, Sonoita, Arizona, as well as at Paramount Studios and their back lot in Los Angeles, California. Last Train from Gun Hill Last Train from Gun Hill is a 1959 Western in VistaVision

"2017 US Open – Women's Singles"
2017 US Open – Women's Singles Angelique Kerber was the defending champion, but was defeated in the first round by Naomi Osaka. Kerber became the second US Open defending champion to lose in the first round after Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2005. Sloane Stephens won her first Grand Slam title, defeating Madison Keys in the final, 6–3, 6–0. It was the first all-American women's final at the US Open since 2002, and the second time in three years that the final featured two first-time Grand Slam singles finalists from the same country. Stephens became the second unseeded woman in the Open

(12,13,16,17) 8. Winners of the Evian Championship for the last four years (2013–2016) Kim Hyo-joo (16,17), Suzann Pettersen (16,17) 9. Winner of the 2016 Olympic Gold Medal 10. Ten lowest scorers and anyone tying for 10th place from the 2016 U.S. Women's Open Jodi Ewart Shadoff (16,17), Anna Nordqvist (13,16,17), Park Sung-hyun (14-KLPGA,16,17), Gerina Piller (16,17), Amy Yang (12,13,16,17) 11. Top 75 money leaders from the 2016 final official LPGA money list Marina Alex, Katie Burnett, Chella Choi (17), Carlota Ciganda (13,16,17), Jacqui Concolino, Austin Ernst (16,17), Shanshan Feng (13,16,17), Sandra Gal, Charley Hull (13,16,17), M. J. Hur (16,17), Karine

Cheonan, South Korea Jun 12 at Muskegon Country Club, Muskegon, Michigan Jun 12 at Governors Course, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jun 12 at OGA Golf Club, Woodburn, Oregon The following players were added to the field before the start of the tournament when spots reserved for exemptions in various categories were not used and to replace players who withdrew from the tournament. Sara Banke, Valdis Thora Jonsdottir, Nelly Korda, Bronte Law, Madelene Sagström, Maddie Szeryk, Alison Walshe, Ayaka Watanabe, Angel Yin Trump National Golf Club, Old Course ""Thursday and Friday, July 13–14, 2017"" Following over two hours of weather delays,

first player in history to reach the semifinals of the US Open 10 years apart and then do so another 10 years apart (1997, 2007, and 2017). 2017 US Open – Women's Singles Angelique Kerber was the defending champion, but was defeated in the first round by Naomi Osaka. Kerber became the second US Open defending champion to lose in the first round after Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2005. Sloane Stephens won her first Grand Slam title, defeating Madison Keys in the final, 6–3, 6–0. It was the first all-American women's final at the US Open since 2002, and the second

listed only once, in the first category in which they became exempt, with additional categories in parentheses () next to their names. Golfers qualifying in Category 14 who qualified in other categories are denoted with the tour by which they qualified. 1. Winners of the U.S. Women's Open for the last ten years (2007–2016) Choi Na-yeon, Chun In-gee (8,12,13,14-KLPGA,16,17), Paula Creamer, Ji Eun-hee (10,16), Cristie Kerr (10,12,13,16,17), Brittany Lang (10,16,17), Inbee Park (5,6,7,9,12,13,16,17), Ryu So-yeon (7,12,13,16,17), Michelle Wie (17) 2. Winner and runner-up from the 2016 U.S. Women's Amateur (must be an amateur) Virginia Elena Carta (a), Seong Eun-jeong (a)

money leaders from the 2017 official LPGA money list, through the close of entries on May 17 13. Winners of LPGA co-sponsored events, whose victories are considered official, from the conclusion of the 2016 U.S. Women's Open to the initiation of the 2017 U.S. Women's Open Katherine Kirk 14. Top five money leaders from the 2016 Japan LPGA Tour, Korea LPGA Tour and Ladies European Tour Beth Allen, Aditi Ashok, Bae Seon-woo (16), Isabelle Boineau, Georgia Hall, Jang Su-yeon, Kim Ha-neul (16,17), Ko Jin-young (16,17), Lee Seung-hyun, Florentyna Parker, Ai Suzuki (16,17) 15. Top three money leaders from the 2016

play was suspended due to darkess on Thursday at approximately 8:33 pm EDT; 39 players were on the course and completed their rounds on Friday morning. ""Friday, July 14, 2017"" ""Saturday, July 15, 2017"" ""Sunday, July 16, 2017"" ""Final round"" ""Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par"" 2017 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship The 2017 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship was the 72nd U.S. Women's Open, held at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, west of New York City. The U.S. Women's Open is the oldest of the five current major championships and was the third of the 2017

the first time since the 2009 French Open, was awarded a wildcard into the main draw and advanced to the fourth round, where she lost to Anastasija Sevastova. Garbiñe Muguruza became the new WTA No. 1 player at the end of the tournament despite losing in the fourth round, after Karolína Plíšková (who held the top ranking at the start of the tournament) failed to defend her finalist points from 2016. Eight of the top nine seeds (with the exception of Kerber) were in contention for the no. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Venus Williams became the

"Casablanca (film)"
traced the path to Morocco shown in the film's opening scene. Notes Bibliography Streaming audio Casablanca (film) Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play ""Everybody Comes to Rick's"". The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during contemporary World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech Resistance leader, escape from

Casablanca (film) Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play ""Everybody Comes to Rick's"". The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during contemporary World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech Resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Nazis. Warner Bros. story

"Ingrid Bergman"
Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and a Tony Award. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in ""Casablanca"" (1942) and Alicia Huberman in ""Notorious"" (1946). Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother and started her career as an actress in Swedish and German films in the 1930s. Her introduction to American audiences came with her

for Best Supporting Actress), and Daniel Day-Lewis (all three for Best Actor). Katharine Hepburn still holds the record, with four (all for Best Actress). Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and a Tony Award. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in ""Casablanca"" (1942) and Alicia Huberman in ""Notorious"" (1946). Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German

"Joy Page"
Joy Page Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in ""Casablanca"" (1942). Born Joy Cerrette Paige, she was the daughter of Mexican-American silent film star Don Alvarado (born José Paige) and Ann Boyar (1908–1990), the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants. Her parents divorced when she was eight. In 1936, her mother married Jack L. Warner, then head of Warner Bros. studios. Warner, however, did not encourage his stepdaughter's interest in acting. Page, who initially thought the script to ""Casablanca"" was ""old fashioned"" and

"Joy Page"
year before, in her final film role, she played Prairie Flower, a Sioux Indian and mother of White Bull, played by Sal Mineo, in ""Tonka"". Page and Orr divorced in 1970. Their son, Gregory Orr, is a writer and producer. Page died on April 18, 2008, of complications arising from a stroke and pneumonia. Joy Page Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in ""Casablanca"" (1942). Born Joy Cerrette Paige, she was the daughter of Mexican-American silent film star Don Alvarado (born José

top-billed actors are: The second-billed actors are: Also credited are: Notable uncredited actors are: Much of the emotional impact of the film has been attributed to the large proportion of European exiles and refugees who were extras or played minor roles (in addition to leading actors Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt and Peter Lorre): such as Louis V. Arco, Trude Berliner, Ilka Grünig, , Richard Ryen, Ludwig Stössel, Hans Twardowski, and Wolfgang Zilzer. A witness to the filming of the ""duel of the anthems"" sequence said he saw many of the actors crying and ""realized that they were all real refugees"".

"Casablanca (1955 TV series)"
we have $30,000 worth of furnishings here. Then we have an exterior set on the back lot of a Midwestern town"". The three top-billed roles in the 1942 film are played by Humphrey Bogart as Rick Blaine, Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund and Paul Henreid as Victor Laszlo. In the series, the last name of Rick, portrayed by Charles McGraw, is Jason, while Ilsa and Victor do not appear as characters. The debut episode, ""Who Holds Tomorrow?"", showcases single-installment guest star Anita Ekberg playing a version of Ilsa, named Trina, but the storyline's reminiscence of Rick and Trina's past relationship

"Road to Morocco"
the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: In an NPR interview, Middle East expert Dr. Jack Shaheen of Southern Illinois University cites ""Road to Morocco"" as ""one of the most stereotypical films ever to come out of Hollywood."" The films themselves were spoofing the popular adventure movies of the time, however. Notes Road to Morocco Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona

him when he tries to intervene. When policemen arrive, Renault pauses, then orders them to ""round up the usual suspects."" He suggests to Rick that they join the Free French in Brazzaville. As they walk away into the fog, Rick says, ""Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship"". The play's cast consisted of 16 speaking parts and several extras; the film script enlarged it to 22 speaking parts and hundreds of extras. The cast is notably international: only three of the credited actors were born in the United States (Bogart, Dooley Wilson, and Joy Page). The

which government had more power under the articles of confederation

a consensus. The weakness of the Articles in establishing an effective unifying government was underscored by the threat of internal conflict both within and between the states, especially after Shays' Rebellion threatened to topple the state government of Massachusetts. Historian Ralph Ketcham comments on the opinions of Patrick Henry, George Mason, and other Anti-Federalists who were not so eager to give up the local autonomy won by the revolution: Historians have given many reasons for the perceived need to replace the articles in 1787. Jillson and Wilson (1994) point to the financial weakness as well as the norms, rules and

"1960 Democratic National Convention"
housed command-posts for the campaigns of the various candidates seeking the nomination, temporary studio spaces for the television networks, and workspaces for select print journalists. The major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were Kennedy, Governor Pat Brown of California, Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, and Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as ""favorite son"" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined to campaign in

"1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries"
1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries The 1960 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1960 Democratic National Convention held from July 11 to July 15, 1960, in Los Angeles, California. Recalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the

received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson II, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, announced their candidacies. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations; Kennedy accepted. Most observers felt that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was not able to expand his delegate support beyond the South. Stevenson was popular among many liberal delegates, especially in California, but his two landslide defeats in 1952 and 1956 led party leaders to search for a ""fresh face"" who had a

"1960 United States presidential election"
difficult to determine because of the unusual situation in that state. The first minor issue is that, instead of having the voters choose from slates of electors, the Alabama ballot had voters choose the electors individually. Traditionally, in such a situation, a given candidate is assigned the popular vote of the elector who received the most votes. For instance, candidates pledged to Nixon received anywhere from 230,951 votes (for George Witcher) to 237,981 votes (for Cecil Durham); Nixon is therefore assigned 237,981 popular votes from Alabama. The more important issue is that the statewide Democratic primary had chosen eleven candidates

for the Electoral College, five of whom were pledged to vote for Kennedy, and six of whom were free to vote for anyone they chose. All of these candidates won in the general election, and all six unpledged electors voted against Kennedy. The actual number of popular votes received by Kennedy is therefore difficult to allocate. Traditionally, Kennedy is assigned either 318,303 votes (the votes won by the most popular Kennedy elector) or 324,050 votes (the votes won by the most popular Democratic elector); the results table below is based on Kennedy winning 318,303 votes in Alabama. The actual number

Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who did not participate in primaries, had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates. Johnson did not join any primary, but was a write-in. The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination. Morse, Smathers and Fisher were considered to be ""favorite-son"" candidates, without any realistic chance of winning the nomination: Total number of vote in primaries: candidates: ""Favorite Sons:"" Presidential tally: Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening. 1960 Democratic

Convention was held in Los Angeles, California. In the week before the convention opened, Kennedy received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, officially announced their candidacies (they had both privately been working for the nomination for some time). However, neither Johnson nor Stevenson was a match for the talented and highly efficient Kennedy campaign team led by Robert F. Kennedy. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations, to which Kennedy accepted. Most

Arnall did not support the unpledged electoral votes. Arnall called Vandiver's stand, ""utterly disgraceful."" In total, fourteen unpledged Democratic electors won election from the voters. Because electors pledged to Kennedy had won a clear majority of the Electoral College, the unpledged electors could not influence the results. Nonetheless, they refused to vote for Kennedy. Instead they voted for Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, a segregationist Democrat, even though Byrd was not an announced candidate and did not seek their votes. In addition, Byrd received one electoral vote from a faithless Oklahoma elector, for a total of 15 electoral votes. The

1960 Democratic National Convention The 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11–July 15, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for President and Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for Vice President. In the general election, the Kennedy–Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000 nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II. Due to its size, the Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for the Democratic National Committee. It also

to avoid making the offer, and conclude JFK had no choice. This portion of the videotape of Lincoln's interview was included in The History Channel's documentary series ""The Men Who Killed Kennedy"", in concluding Episode 9, ""The Guilty Men"", produced and aired in 2003. Kennedy announced Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon of July 14. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening. The ""Chicago Tribune"" reported that there were shouts of protest from the galleries against the motion to suspend the rules to nominate Johnson, and again when he was acclaimed. Johnson is recorded as receiving 100%

when did the astros change from the national league to the american league

"History of the American League"
renamed the ""Texas Rangers"" after the 1971 season. Beginning in 1977, the Toronto Blue Jays and the Seattle Mariners began league play. Before the 1998 season, the Milwaukee Brewers shifted to the National League while an expansion team, the Tampa Bay Devil Rays began play, eventually shortening their name to simply the ""Tampa Bay Rays"" before the 2008 season. Prior to the 2013 season, the Houston Astros shifted play from the National League to the American League. In the years before the Designated hitter rule was implemented, the American League was heavily outscored by the National League. In 1973, a

the way that baseball was watched in Houston and around the league. On December 1, 1964, the team announced the name change from Colt .45s to ""Astros."" With Judge Roy Hofheinz now the sole owner of the franchise and the new venue complete, the renamed ""Astros"" moved into their new domed stadium, the ""Astro""dome, in 1965. The name honored Houston's position as the center of the nation's space program; NASA's new Manned Spacecraft Center had recently opened southeast of the city. The Astrodome, coined the ""Eighth Wonder of the World"", did little to improve the home team's results on the

"American League"
with the best second-place team advancing to the playoffs as a wild-card team, in addition to the three divisional champions. In 1998, the newly franchised Tampa Bay Devil Rays joined the league, and the Arizona Diamondbacks joined the National League: i.e., each league each added a fifteenth team. An odd number of teams per league meant that at least one team in each league would have to be idle on any given day, or alternatively that odd team out would have had to play an interleague game against its counterpart in the other league. The initial plan was to have

move to the American League for the 2013 season. The uniform is navy and orange, going back to the original 1960s team colors, as well as debuting a new version of the classic navy hat with a white ""H"" over an orange star. On November 6, 2012, the Astros hired former Cleveland Indians director of baseball operations David Stearns as the team's new assistant general manager. The Astros would also go on to hire former St. Louis Cardinals front office executive Jeff Luhnow as their general manager. The Houston Astros played their first game as an American League team on

"National League"
The NL remained an eight-team league for over 60 years. (For the eight teams, see Expansion (1887–1899) above, and ""Classic Eight"" below.) In 1962—facing competition from the proposed Continental League and confronted by the American League's unilateral expansion in 1961—the NL expanded by adding the New York Mets and the Houston Colt .45s. The ""Colts"" were renamed the Houston Astros three years later. In 1969, the league added the San Diego Padres and the Montreal Expos (now the Washington Nationals), becoming a 12-team league for the first time since 1899. In 1969, as a result of its expansion to 12

"Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)"
Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song) ""Would I Lie to You?"" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, ""Would I Lie to You?"" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany, Austria and Zimbabwe. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while

"Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song)"
Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song) ""Would I Lie to You?"" is a 1985 song written and recorded by the British pop duo Eurythmics. Released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album ""Be Yourself Tonight"", the song was the first by the duo to feature their change in musical direction from a predominantly synthpop style to rock and rhythm and blues. The song, and its accompanying album, featured a full backing band and relied less on electronic programming. Lyrically, the song features Lennox confronting a cheating lover as she leaves him for good. This was conveyed

"I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)"
I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth) ""I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)"" is a song composed and written by Diane Warren, and recorded by Meat Loaf and Patti Russo. The song was released in 1995 as the first single from the album ""Welcome to the Neighbourhood"". The single release reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom and No. 13 in the United States. The music video for ""I'd Lie for You"" was directed by Howard Greenhalgh and photographed by Daniel Pearl. The storyline appears to start out as a continuation of the ""I'd Do Anything for

song by members of the cast. <nowiki>*</nowiki> this version although labelled as ""LP Version"" is an alternate mix of the song released on the album ""Be Yourself Tonight"" Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song) ""Would I Lie to You?"" is a 1985 song written and recorded by the British pop duo Eurythmics. Released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album ""Be Yourself Tonight"", the song was the first by the duo to feature their change in musical direction from a predominantly synthpop style to rock and rhythm and blues. The song, and its accompanying album, featured

"Charles & Eddie"
cancer; he succumbed to the disease on April 6, 2001, at the age of 37. Charles & Eddie Charles & Eddie were an American soul music duo composed of Charles Pettigrew and Eddie Chacon. They are primarily known for their single ""Would I Lie to You?"", taken from their 1992 debut album, ""Duophonic"". The song won Ivor Novello Awards in 1993 in the Best Contemporary Song, Best Selling Song and International Hit of the Year categories. Pettigrew and Chacon were rumored to have met on the New York City Subway in 1990. They released their debut album, ""Duophonic"", on Capitol

in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The single became a Top 20 hit in the US, peaking at number 13 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and it enjoyed award-winning sales, earning a platinum record in the UK, a gold record in both Germany and Austria and silver record award in France. The songwriters, Leeson and Vale, received the 1992 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. ""Billboard"" wrote about the song: ""Male duo is quickly picking up pop radio adds with this delightful twirl into retro-R&B territory. Rich lead vocals are supported by Motown-styled harmonies,

Cassette single US Promo Maxi CD single European CD single #1 European CD single #2 The Doris Dragović's song ""Šakom o stol"" sounds like the Meat Loaf's song ""I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth). I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth) ""I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)"" is a song composed and written by Diane Warren, and recorded by Meat Loaf and Patti Russo. The song was released in 1995 as the first single from the album ""Welcome to the Neighbourhood"". The single release reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom and No. 13 in

Charles & Eddie Charles & Eddie were an American soul music duo composed of Charles Pettigrew and Eddie Chacon. They are primarily known for their single ""Would I Lie to You?"", taken from their 1992 debut album, ""Duophonic"". The song won Ivor Novello Awards in 1993 in the Best Contemporary Song, Best Selling Song and International Hit of the Year categories. Pettigrew and Chacon were rumored to have met on the New York City Subway in 1990. They released their debut album, ""Duophonic"", on Capitol Records in 1992. It includes the singles ""Would I Lie to You?"", ""N.Y.C."" and ""House

"John Gibbons (DJ)"
John Gibbons (DJ) John Gibbons is an Irish DJ, record producer, and remixer based in London. He is best known for his singles, ""Would I Lie to You"", which remixes the original song by Charles & Eddie and the follow-up, ""P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)"", which remixes the original song by Michael Jackson. Having produced and toured internationally since 2005, John Gibbons first charted in 2008 with his track ""Beautiful Filth"", a collaboration with fellow Irishman Scimon Tist, which crossed over from underground clubs to peak at No. 22 on the Irish Singles Chart and reached No.1 on the Irish Dance

rumbling Hammond organ fills, and an insinuating, live drum beat."" Irish DJ and producer John Gibbons released a cover of the song titled ""Would I Lie to You"". Gibbons co-produced the song with Colin Hanley, while Wez Clarke mixed the track with mastering from Nick Bennett. It was released for digital download on August 12, 2016. French DJs David Guetta and Cedric Gervais, and American singer Chris Willis released a cover of the song titled ""Would I Lie to You"". It was released to digital download through Jack Back Records, Parlophone, and Warner Music Group on September 30, 2016. Would

as General Manager and Jerry Williams as coach. With the merger of the NFL and AFL in 1970, the Eagles were placed in the NFC East Division with their archrivals the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys. Their heated rivalry with the Giants is the oldest of the NFC East rivalries, dating all the way back to 1933 and is often named as one of the best rivalries in the NFL. In , Dick Vermeil was hired from UCLA to coach the Eagles, who had only one winning season from 1962 to 1975. Starting in 1978,

Conference. As a result, the Eagles and Steelers no longer played each other every year; instead, they are scheduled to meet once every four years in the regular season, the most recent meeting being in 2016 at Lincoln Financial Field, with the Eagles winning 34–3. The Steelers have lost nine straight games on the road against the Eagles dating back to 1966, which was also the start of the Super Bowl era. The Eagles lead the all-time series 47–28–3. For several decades, the Eagles' colors were kelly green, silver, and white. In 1954, the Eagles, along with the Baltimore Colts,

before any major uniform changes and alterations can be made, it would most likely be quite some time before any uniform changes are officially made. In Week 6 of 2014 against the New York Giants, the team introduced black pants to complement their black jerseys, giving them a blackout uniform set, the Eagles won the game 27–0. The victory was their first shutout in 18 years. The blackout uniform was most recently worn in a Week 16 victory, 19-10, against the Raiders in 2017. The Eagles are 6–3 in their blackout uniforms: winning three times against the Giants and once

was practically abandoned, as uniform pants moved to either white or midnight green. The traditional helmet wings were changed to a primarily white color, with silver and black accents. The team's logo combination (the eagle and club name lettering) also changed in 1996, with the eagle itself limited to a white (bald eagle) head, drawn in a less realistic, more cartoon-based style, and the lettering changing from calligraphic to block letters. Since the 1996 alterations, the team has made only minor alterations, mostly relating to jersey/pant combinations worn during specific games. For example, in 1997, against the San Francisco 49ers,

pants, with their white jerseys, in the regular season. For the 2014 season the Eagles have officially adopted the ""Elite 51″ style uniform from Nike. Recently the team has discussed bringing back the ""Kelly Green"" uniforms similar to the uniforms worn in the 1960 NFL Championship season and which were last worn in the 2010 season opener vs. Green Bay. Traditionally kelly green, silver and white had been the official team color until 1996 season when it switched to the current ""Midnight Green"" uniforms. But due to the NFL rules and restrictions having a team go through a waiting period

"Thad Luckinbill"
company called Black Label Media. The production company has worked with A-listers such as Reese Witherspoon, Emily Blunt, and Jake Gyllenhaal, producing films including ""Sicario"" starring Blunt, Josh Brolin, and Benicio Del Toro, ""The Good Lie"" starring Witherspoon, and ""Demolition"" starring Gyllenhaal, Naomi Watts, and Chris Cooper. Thad Luckinbill Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"", from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017. Thad Luckinbill has an identical twin brother,

Thad Luckinbill Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"", from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017. Thad Luckinbill has an identical twin brother, Trent, who is 12 minutes younger. Trent Luckinbill is a lawyer who lives in Los Angeles. In the final episode of the television series """", ""To the Boy in the Blue Knit Cap"", Trent briefly appeared as the identical twin murder victim/corpse lying beside the murder victim/corpse

"Bobby Fite"
divorced. In 2002, Fite began working as a home developer for American Home Remodeling L.C. As of 2011, Fite works as a sales consultant for the Pulte/Centex Corporation and is married to second wife Kristen Tucker-Pittman. The two reside in the Dallas-Fort Worth area and live in a custom home he helped to design. Bobby Fite Robert Nelson Fite (born October 22, 1968) is an American former film and television actor. Beginning his professional career as a child actor and model at the age of six, Fite is perhaps best known for his recurring role as J.T. Martin on the

"Brandon Call"
Brandon Call Brandon Spencer Call (born November 17, 1976) is an American former television and film actor as a child and adolescent. He played J.T. Lambert for seven seasons on the TV series ""Step by Step"". Brandon Spencer Lee Call was born on November 17, 1976, in Torrance, California. His parents are Richard and Elyse, and his three siblings are Dee Anne, Tandi, and Dustin. He is currently divorced, and has a daughter who was born in 1998. Call began his career as a child actor in 1984 appearing in guest roles on ""Simon & Simon"" and ""Hotel"". His film

"Mehcad Brooks"
Mehcad Brooks Mehcad Jason McKinley Brooks (born October 25, 1980) is an American actor and former fashion model. He is known for his roles as Matthew Applewhite in the second season of ABC's series ""Desperate Housewives"" (2005–2006), Jerome in ""The Game"", his leading role as Terrance ""TK"" King in the USA series ""Necessary Roughness"" from 2011 until 2013, and as James Olsen on ""Supergirl"". Brooks was born and raised in Austin, Texas, where he attended L.C. Anderson High School. Brooks is the son of ""Austin American-Statesman"" editorial writer Alberta Phillips and former pro football player Billy Brooks; his stepfather is

made a full recovery. Brandon Call Brandon Spencer Call (born November 17, 1976) is an American former television and film actor as a child and adolescent. He played J.T. Lambert for seven seasons on the TV series ""Step by Step"". Brandon Spencer Lee Call was born on November 17, 1976, in Torrance, California. His parents are Richard and Elyse, and his three siblings are Dee Anne, Tandi, and Dustin. He is currently divorced, and has a daughter who was born in 1998. Call began his career as a child actor in 1984 appearing in guest roles on ""Simon & Simon""

"Ryan Ashton"
Carolina School of the Arts School of Filmmaking where he received a BFA in Directing for Film. Ryan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York

Ryan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York Times and The Huffington Post. He grew up in Scituate, Massachusetts before attending The University of North

"Eric Christian Olsen"
the HGTV series ""House Hunters"" buying a vacation home near Jackson Hole. Olsen works with the charity Hats Off for Cancer as an Honorary Board Member and Spokesperson, featured on their Public Service Announcement video. Eric Christian Olsen Eric Christian Olsen (born May 31, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayals of Detective Marty Deeks on the CBS television series """", and of Austin in the film ""Not Another Teen Movie"". Olsen was born in Eugene, Oregon, the son of Jeanne (née Donstad), a non-denominational chaplain, and Paul V. Olsen, a professor of English, and head

""Madden"" series. His older brother, Billy Brooks IV, was a regular on the now defunct Spill.com. He was in a relationship with ""Creature"" co-star Serinda Swan until their break-up in 2011. Mehcad Brooks Mehcad Jason McKinley Brooks (born October 25, 1980) is an American actor and former fashion model. He is known for his roles as Matthew Applewhite in the second season of ABC's series ""Desperate Housewives"" (2005–2006), Jerome in ""The Game"", his leading role as Terrance ""TK"" King in the USA series ""Necessary Roughness"" from 2011 until 2013, and as James Olsen on ""Supergirl"". Brooks was born and raised

"2011 NBA Finals"
2011 NBA Finals The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010–11 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in which the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. The series was held from May 31 to June 12, 2011. German player Dirk Nowitzki was named the Finals MVP, becoming the second European to win the award after Tony Parker (2007) and the first German player to do so. The series was a rematch of the 2006 NBA Finals, which the Heat had

the Heat would win four straight games to capture their second NBA championship. 2011 NBA Finals The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010–11 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in which the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. The series was held from May 31 to June 12, 2011. German player Dirk Nowitzki was named the Finals MVP, becoming the second European to win the award after Tony Parker (2007) and the first German player to do so. The

"Dallas Mavericks"
Finals. Despite much anticipation of a renewed meeting in the 2007 Western Conference finals, the Mavericks lost to the Golden State Warriors in one of the greatest upsets in NBA history. The Spurs won the NBA finals after beating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–0. The eighth seed Warriors, who made the playoffs on the last game of the NBA season, defeated the 67-win, first-seed Mavericks in six games. Meanwhile, the Spurs would ultimately go on to win the 2007 NBA Championship, establishing themselves as a true NBA dynasty. The season also gave longtime former Maverick Michael Finley his first championship. Many

San Antonio Spurs. Five out of the seven games were decided in the last minute, including a Game 7 that had to go into overtime, with the Mavs prevailing under the guidance of Dirk Nowitzki and an incredibly deep bench. The Mavericks were able to advance to the Conference Finals against former teammate Steve Nash and the Phoenix Suns. The Mavs' defense and depth enabled them to take the series, as they defeated the Phoenix Suns in game 6 of the Western Conference Finals on June 3, 2006 in the US Airways Center in Phoenix, and the Mavs advanced to

Mavericks then won the next three games, including a 15-point comeback in game 4, to take the series in five games. The Mavericks claimed their second Western Conference Championship in franchise history, and met the team that defeated them in the 2006 NBA Finals, the Miami Heat. The Mavs entered the 2011 NBA Finals as underdogs, due to Miami's ""Big Three"" coming together during the course of the 2010–11 NBA Playoffs. After dropping game one in Miami by a score of 92–84, the Mavs needed more than just Nowitzki to score, with Nowitzki even calling out teammate Jason Terry earlier

Conference Finals and eventually became the back-to-back champions after winning the NBA Finals. In 2011, the Mavericks met the two-time defending champions Lakers in the semifinals and rejected their three-peat by sweeping them in four games and eventually won the NBA Finals. In Game 2 of the 2011 NBA Playoffs, Ron Artest was ejected for hitting J. J. Barea and suspended for Game 3. In Game 4, Lamar Odom was ejected for pushing Dirk Nowitzki and then Andrew Bynum was ejected for elbowing J. J. Barea. Both players received flagrant foul 2. After the 2011 NBA lockout, Lamar Odom was

their first NBA Finals in franchise history. In the NBA Finals, the Mavericks faced the Miami Heat, held home-court advantage and scored two convincing wins. After game 2, Dallas city officials had already planned the victory parade. However, in Game 3, the Mavs blew a late double-digit lead, courtesy of Heat guard Dwyane Wade. He carried the Heat to the win, with Nowitzki missing a potentially game-tying free throw in the last seconds. After getting blown out in Game 4, the Mavericks suffered another loss in Game 5 when Wade scored the game-tying basket in the last possession of regular

round of the 2015 NBA Playoffs, with the Rockets as the 2nd seed and Mavericks the 7th seed, and the Rockets got the best of them 4-1. The rivalry between the Lakers and Mavericks began in the 1980s during the Lakers' Showtime era. In the 1984 NBA Playoffs, the Lakers won over the Mavericks in the Western Conference Semifinals with the series 4-1. In 1986, they met again in the semifinals and the Lakers won the series 4-2. In the 1988 NBA Playoffs, the Lakers, who were the defending champions, defeated the Mavericks in a seven-game series in the Western

Mavs forced 22 turnovers in Game 2 to rout the Spurs 113–92, splitting the first two games before the series went to Dallas. In Game 3, Manu Ginóbili hit a shot that put the Spurs up 108–106 with 1.7 seconds left, but a buzzer-beater by Vince Carter gave the Mavs the victory, putting them up 2–1 in the series. The Spurs took Game 4 in Dallas 93–89 despite a late Dallas comeback after the Spurs at one point had a 20-point lead and later won Game 5 at home, 109–103, giving them a 3–2 series lead. The Mavs avoided elimination

defeat the Phoenix Suns in a 105–98 win on April 6. This win in Phoenix was especially significant because the Mavs had been nearly unable to defeat a contending team on the road the entire season. Continuing their playoff push, Dirk hit a crucial three-pointer with 0.9 seconds left, defeating the Utah Jazz 97–94 on April 10. This victory guaranteed them a playoff spot and their 8th consecutive 50-win season. The Mavericks ended the season with a record of 51–31. In the first round of the playoffs, the Mavericks were eliminated once again, by the New Orleans Hornets 4–1 on

"Bridge of Lions"
Bridge of Lions The Bridge of Lions is a double-leaf bascule bridge that spans the Intracoastal Waterway in St. Augustine, Florida, United States. A part of State Road A1A, it connects downtown St. Augustine to Anastasia Island across Matanzas Bay. A pair of copies of the marble Medici lions guard the bridge, begun in 1925 and completed in 1927. They were removed in February 2005 and returned in March 2011. ""Roads & Bridges"" magazine named the Bridge of Lions as fourth in the nation's top 10 bridges for 2010. Projects were evaluated based on size, community impact and challenges resolved.

"Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge"
Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge The Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge (also known as the South Capitol Street Bridge) is a swing bridge that carries South Capitol Street over the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1950 and named after abolitionist Frederick Douglass. In 2007, the bridge was used by 77,000 daily commuters. The bridge connects at its southern terminus with Interstate 295 and the Suitland Parkway and thus provides access to downtown from those routes as well as from South Capitol Street and roads connecting to it. As a result, the bridge carries commuter traffic from Prince George's

"Brickell Avenue Bridge"
Avenue when it opens. According to the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), the bridge opened 4,990 times in 2010. The statue is a 53-foot bronze monument commissioned by the Florida Department of Transportation and created by Cuban Master Sculptor Manuel Carbonell in 1995. The ""Pillar of History"" consist of a 36-foot high carved bas-relief column that graphically narrates the lives of the Tequesta Indians, Miami's first inhabitants, and features 158 figures. At the top stands a 17-foot bronze sculpture, ""Tequesta Family"" portraying a Tequesta Indian warrior aiming an arrow to the sky, looking for space in eternity, with his wife

to begin work on the bridge in 2018, to help commemorated the bicentennial of Fredrick Douglass' birth. Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge The Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge (also known as the South Capitol Street Bridge) is a swing bridge that carries South Capitol Street over the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1950 and named after abolitionist Frederick Douglass. In 2007, the bridge was used by 77,000 daily commuters. The bridge connects at its southern terminus with Interstate 295 and the Suitland Parkway and thus provides access to downtown from those routes as well as from South Capitol

"Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse"
of traffic plus one turn lane. The main span was rolled into place and set on support columns on March 10, five days before the collapse. The canal span, access ramps, and faux cable-stay tower had not yet been built. Pedestrian use was to begin when the whole project was complete. The school was on spring break at the time of collapse. The section of the bridge that collapsed weighed and fell onto several vehicles on the roadway below. Construction of the bridge began in March 2016 and was scheduled to be completed in December 2018. The bridge's main span

"Collins Bridge"
Collins Bridge The Collins Bridge was a bridge that crossed Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach, Florida. At the time it was completed, it was the longest wooden bridge in the world. It was built by farmer and developer John S. Collins (1837–1928) with financial assistance from automotive parts and racing pioneer Carl G. Fisher. Fisher, an auto parts magnate, loaned Collins $50,000 in 1911 ($ million, adjusted for current inflation) to complete the bridge when Collins' money ran out. Collins, then 75 years old, traded Fisher of land on Miami Beach for the loan. The wooden toll bridge

and child by his side, while the son covers his face in expectation of their extinction. top. Carbonell also created four bas reliefs, measuring 4-feet by 8-feet, which were installed in niches on the bridge's supporting piers. Each relief honors Miami's early founders and pioneers - William and Mary Brickell, Henry Flagler, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, and Julia Tuttle. Brickell Avenue Bridge The Brickell Avenue Bridge is a bascule bridge in Downtown Miami, Florida, that carries U.S. Route 1 (US 1; Brickell Avenue) over the Miami River. The original Brickell Avenue Bridge was built in 1929, and replaced in 1995. The

"John Ringling Causeway"
by private donors. John Ringling Causeway John Ringling Causeway (also known as Ringling Bridge or Gil Waters Bridge) is a bridge that extends past the Sarasota Bay, from Sarasota to St. Armand's Key and Lido Key. The bridge, built in 2003, is a segmental box girder bridge named after John Ringling, one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus and resident of the Sarasota area. The current bridge is the third bridge that has existed at its location. The first bridge was built in 1925 by John Ringling, who owned large tracts of land on both Lido and Longboat

"Miguel Rosales"
Boston by removing an elevated highway and by opening access to the harbor. In 1997, he started his own independent architecture and engineering professional practice, Rosales + Partners, in Boston. Soon after the formation of his firm, he was involved in the design of three award-winning bridge projects: Liberty Bridge at Falls Park on the Reedy in Greenville, South Carolina, completed in 2004, Puente Centenario, over the Panama Canal, Panama, completed in 2004 and Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington DC, completed in 2008. These bridges have received multiple awards and widespread recognition. Recently completed projects

was assembled adjacent to the highway using accelerated bridge construction (ABC), a technique promoted at the university. It was lifted into place on the morning of March 10, five days before the collapse, during a weekend closure of the highway. The new pedestrian bridge was designed to connect the campus to student housing in a dramatic sculptural way, and also to showcase the school's leadership in the ABC method of rapid bridge construction. The bridge was a post-tensioned concrete structure. Concrete structures are generally 10 times heavier than equivalent steel designs. The bridge was made using a new formulation for

"1998 Masters Tournament"
best players to never win a major. Later in July, he won the Open Championship and earned PGA Tour Player of the Year honors for 1998. Matt Kuchar, a 19-year-old sophomore at Georgia Tech, was the low amateur at even-par 288 and tied for 21st place. The reigning U.S. Amateur champion, he carded a four-under 68 in the third round. Tommy Aaron, Seve Ballesteros, Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Fred Couples (9,12), Ben Crenshaw, Nick Faldo, Raymond Floyd, Doug Ford, Bernhard Langer (9), Sandy Lyle, Larry Mize, Jack Nicklaus, José María Olazábal (9,10), Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, Craig Stadler,

into the back nine holes in the final round. It was his last serious run for a major championship, twelve years after his sixth Masters victory in 1986. Three-time champion Gary Player, age 62, became the oldest ever to make a cut at the Masters. In his first Masters, David Toms shot a 29 (−7) on the back nine on Sunday, en route to a 64 (−8). He had six consecutive birdies on holes 12–17. O'Meara's win came in his 15th attempt at Augusta, setting a record for appearances before a victory. He had previously been considered one of the

Browne, Stewart Cink (12,13), Jim Furyk (11,13), Jay Haas, Scott Hoch (11,12,13), Bradley Hughes, Jeff Maggert (11,13), Scott McCarron (12,13), Colin Montgomerie, David Ogrin, Bob Tway Phil Blackmar (12) Michael Bradley, Billy Ray Brown, David Duval (13), David Frost, Bill Glasson (13), Tim Herron, Gabriel Hjertstedt, Billy Mayfair, Phil Mickelson (13), Frank Nobilo (13), Scott Simpson, David Toms John Cook, Brad Faxon, Andrew Magee, Mark O'Meara Darren Clarke, Ignacio Garrido, Retief Goosen, Shigeki Maruyama, Masashi Ozaki ""Thursday, April 9, 1998""<br> ""Friday, April 10, 1998"" First round suspended by darkness; start was delayed by 90 minutes to get course playable after

Tom Watson (9), Tiger Woods (9,12,13), Ian Woosnam, Fuzzy Zoeller Ernie Els (9,10,12,13), Lee Janzen (11,13), Steve Jones (12,13), Corey Pavin John Daly, Tom Lehman (9,10,13), Justin Leonard (9,11,12,13), Greg Norman (12,13), Nick Price (4,9,12,13) Paul Azinger, Mark Brooks, Steve Elkington (9,13), Davis Love III (9,10,11,12,13) Joel Kribel (a), Matt Kuchar (a) Craig Watson (a) Tim Clark (a) Ken Bakst (a) Stuart Appleby (13), Mark Calcavecchia (12,13), Fred Funk, John Huston (12), Per-Ulrik Johansson, Tom Kite (11), Jesper Parnevik (12,13), Costantino Rocca, Vijay Singh (12,13), Jeff Sluman, Paul Stankowski (13), Tommy Tolles (10,13), Lee Westwood, Willie Wood Billy Andrade, Olin

"Mark O'Meara"
with the Greater Milwaukee Open in 1984. He won the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am five times, but he passed his 41st birthday in January 1998 without having won a major championship as a professional. In a late finale to his PGA Tour winning career, O'Meara won two majors in 1998, The Masters and the British Open. O'Meara's victory in The Masters came at his 15th attempt. O'Meara attributed this resurgence partly to the inspiration of working with Tiger Woods, the new superstar of the game at the time, with whom O'Meara had become good friends. In the same year,

"1998 World Snooker Championship"
was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Shown below are the results for each round. The numbers in parentheses beside some of the players are their seeding ranks (each championship has 16 seeds and 16 qualifiers). There were 59 century breaks in the championship, a new record which would last until 2002. John Higgins' 14 centuries in the tournament was a new record, beating the 12 made by Stephen Hendry in 1995. The qualifying matches were held between 2 January and March 1998 at the Newport Centre in Newport, Wales.

"Greg Rusedski"
Greg Rusedski Gregory Rusedski (born 6 September 1973) is a Canadian-born former British tennis player who represented Canada until 1995. He was the British No. 1 in 1997, 1999 and 2006, and reached the ATP ranking of world No. 4 for periods from 6 October 1997 to 12 October 1997 and from 25 May 1998 to 21 June 1998. In 1997, he was the US Open finalist, which led to him receiving the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award and the ITV Sports Champion of the Year Award. Also, he scored 30 wins and 13 losses with the Great

"David Toms"
David Toms David Wayne Toms (born January 4, 1967) is an American professional golfer, who currently plays on the PGA Champions Tour. From 1992 to 2017, Toms was a member of the PGA Tour, where he won 13 events, including one major, the 2001 PGA Championship. He was in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 175 weeks between 2001 and 2006, and ranked as high as fifth in 2002 and 2003. Toms was born in Monroe in northeastern Louisiana. He is the son of Thomas Edward ""Buster"" Toms of Minden in northwestern Louisiana. Toms won the

"1998 PGA Championship"
previous two were match play events, held in Spokane in 1944 and Portland in 1946. Sahalee was scheduled to host again in 2010, but the PGA of America reversed its decision in early 2005 and moved it to Whistling Straits in Wisconsin. South and North nines ""Thursday, August 13, 1998"" ""Friday, August 14, 1998"" ""Saturday, August 15, 1998"" ""Sunday, August 16, 1998"" As 54-hole co-leaders at 203 (−7), Vijay Singh and Steve Stricker were in the final pairing at noon PDT, four shots ahead of the field. Stricker stayed within a stroke until the par-3 17th, where both tee shots

"1997 Masters Tournament"
Mickelson (11,12,13), Frank Nobilo (10,11), Mark O'Meara (10,12,13), Loren Roberts (12,13), Bob Tway, Duffy Waldorf (13) David Berganio, Jr., Stewart Cink, John Cook (12,13), Dan Forsman, Jim Furyk (13), Ken Green, Colin Montgomerie, John Morse, Vijay Singh (11,13), Sam Torrance Per-Ulrik Johansson, Justin Leonard (12,13), Jesper Parnevik, Kenny Perry (13), Tommy Tolles (13) Stuart Appleby, Guy Boros, Michael Bradley (13), Brad Faxon (13), Ed Fiori, Fred Funk (13), Dudley Hart, David Ogrin, Clarence Rose, Jeff Sluman (13), Paul Stankowski, Steve Stricker (13), D. A. Weibring, Willie Wood, Tiger Woods (13) Robert Allenby, Yoshinori Kaneko, Mark McNulty, Masashi Ozaki, Costantino Rocca,

Coca-Cola
2014, Coca-Cola said it is working to remove a controversial ingredient, brominated vegetable oil, from all of its drinks. The exact formula of Coca-Cola's natural flavorings (but not its other ingredients, which are listed on the side of the bottle or can) is a trade secret. The original copy of the formula was held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta for 86 years. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. On December 8, 2011, the original secret formula was moved from the vault at SunTrust Banks to a new

"The Coca-Cola Company"
who hold exclusive territories. The company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments. The company's stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P 500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Muhtar Kent serves as chairman of the company with James Quincey as president and chief executive officer. In 1886, pharmacist John Pemberton from Columbus, Georgia invented the original Coca-Cola drink and sold it as a medicinal beverage. Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, is credited naming the products and creating its logo. Robinson chose the name Coca-Cola because

Indian cola brand Thums Up in 1993, and Barq's in 1995. In 2001, it acquired the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies, and bars for $181 million. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins and Castanea Partners for an estimated $250 million. The company's 2009 bid to buy a Chinese juice maker ended when China rejected its $2.4 billion bid for the Huiyuan Juice Group, on the grounds the resulting company would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal. In 2011, it acquired the remaining stake in Honest

investment fees. The following are key management as of May 2017 (excluding VP positions and regional leaders): The following are all directors as of November 2016: In general, The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries only produce syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a local Coca-Cola franchise. Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and

Coca-Cola
the Coke name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, along with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime, and coffee. Based on Interbrand's ""best global brand"" study of 2015, Coca-Cola was the world's third most valuable brand, after Apple and Google. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day. Coca-Cola ranked No. 87 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Confederate Colonel

The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world

""Coca-Cola"" visitor centers in Israel, Belgium and Turkey. The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is

and restaurants only serving Coca-Cola over Pepsi. At sponsored sporting events, they again eliminate competition by attaining sole sale rights as well as VIP sales opportunities to important clients, for example, baseball fields. The company also markets via mobile marketing in text messages, e.g. viral marketing campaigns (Stringer, 2015). They set the industry benchmark as the brand so universally recognized that audience building is unnecessary. Their fan engagement spans 86 million globally across social media channels. They deliver a consistently unified message whether it be through new products, online interaction, and social, cultural, or sporting events (Stringer, 2015). In the

Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts (a source of caffeine). The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. The Coca-Cola Company

Coca-Cola
CO₂, water, and syrup to make beverages. It supplied 1.65 liters each of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke. Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts (a source of caffeine). The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a

host of the late show who was once a correspondent for the daily show

"Craig Kilborn"
Craig Kilborn Craig Kilborn (born August 24, 1962) is an American comedian, sports and political commentator, actor, and television host. He was the first host of ""The Daily Show"", a former anchor on ESPN's ""SportsCenter"", and Tom Snyder's successor on CBS' ""The Late Late Show"". On June 28, 2010, he launched ""The Kilborn File"" after a six-year absence from television. ""The Kilborn File"" aired on some Fox stations during a six-week trial run. In comedy, he is known for his deadpan delivery. The son of Shirley, a school teacher, and Hiram Kilborn, an insurance executive, Craig Kilborn was born in

"The Daily Show"
appeared as a ""Daily Show"" correspondent in a total of 16 episodes, from June 2010 to September 2011. Wyatt Cenac had a tumultuous tenure on the show, revealing in a July 2015 interview on ""WTF with Marc Maron"", that his departure stemmed in part from a heated argument he had with Jon Stewart in June 2011 over a bit about Republican Presidential candidate Herman Cain. However, Cenac did return for Stewart's final episode to bid him farewell and the two exchanged an intentionally awkward conversation. Television ratings from 2008 show that the program generally drew 1.45 to 1.6 million viewers

popular acclaim. Colbert would host the program until he was chosen to replace David Letterman as host of CBS's ""Late Show"" in 2015. Ed Helms, a former correspondent from 2002 to 2006, also starred on NBC's ""The Office"" and was a main character in the 2009 hit ""The Hangover"". After filling in as host during Stewart's two-month absence in the summer of 2013, John Oliver went on to host his own show on HBO, ""Last Week Tonight with John Oliver"". In 2016, former correspondent Samantha Bee launched her own late-night talk show ""Full Frontal with Samantha Bee"". Bee's husband Jason

its run and is notable for boosting the careers of several of these. Scott Dikkers, editor-in-chief of ""The Onion"", describes it as a key launching pad for comedic talent, saying that ""I don't know if there's a better show you could put on your resume right now."" Steve Carell, who was a correspondent between 1999 and 2005 before moving on to a movie career and starring television role in ""The Office"", credits Stewart and ""The Daily Show"" with his success. In 2005, the show's longest-serving correspondent, Stephen Colbert, became the host of the spin-off ""The Colbert Report"", earning critical and

standing in front of a screen as opposed to sitting at the desk. Trevor also increased the usage of more millennial-based references, impersonations and characterizations for his comedy on the show, due to his younger demographic and his ability to speak in multiple accents and eight languages. The debut of ""The Daily Show with Trevor Noah"" brought along three new correspondents: Roy Wood Jr., Desi Lydic and Ronny Chieng. Additional correspondents were added in 2017. Michael Kosta became the Senior Constitutional Correspondent and Senior American Correspondent in July 11, 2017. Dulcé Sloan became the Senior Fashion Correspondent in September 7,

"Stephen Colbert"
Stephen Colbert Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( ; born May 13, 1964) is an American comedian, writer, producer, actor, and television host. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program ""The Colbert Report"" from 2005 to 2014 and the CBS talk program ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"" beginning in September 2015. Colbert originally studied to be a dramatic actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre while attending Northwestern University, where he met Second City director Del Close. Colbert first performed professionally as an understudy for Steve Carell at Second City Chicago, where his troupe mates included Paul

"Jim Hartz"
Jim Hartz James Leroy Hartz (born February 3, 1940) is a former American television personality, columnist and reporter during the mid- and late-1970s. At age 24, Hartz was the youngest correspondent NBC had ever hired. He became best known to a national audience for a two-year position as the co-host of the ""Today Show,"" along with Barbara Walters. Hartz replaced the deceased Frank McGee, who also hailed from Oklahoma, and at whose funeral Hartz had delivered the eulogy. Hartz was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and graduated from Tulsa Central High School in 1958. He then attended the University of Tulsa

to between .1 and .2, the ratings are lower than before Jon Stewart took over the show from Craig Kilborn. On December 8, 2015, former host Jon Stewart returned to ""The Daily Show"" for the first time in an extended-length show to return attention to extending the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act, otherwise referred to as 9/11 First Responders Bill, which Stewart explained had been blocked by Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell for political reasons. On October 20, 2016, Noah was unable to host a scheduled taping of ""The Daily Show"" due to illness, so correspondent Jordan Klepper

""Daily Show"" segment. They pitched the concept to Comedy Central chief Doug Herzog, who agreed to run the show for eight weeks without first creating a pilot. ""The Colbert Report"" premiered on October 17, 2005 and aired following ""The Daily Show"" for nine years. Initial ratings satisfied Comedy Central and less than three weeks after its debut the show was renewed for a year. ""The Colbert Report"" was produced by Jon Stewart's production company, Busboy Productions. In 2014 it was announced that Colbert would leave Comedy Central to host ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"" on CBS in 2015, following

a member of the Writers Guild of America, Stewart was barred from writing any material for the show himself which he or his writers would ordinarily write. As a result, Stewart and the correspondents largely ad-libbed the show around planned topics. In an effort to fill time while keeping to the strike-related restrictions, the show aired or re-aired some previously recorded segments, and Stewart engaged in a briefly recurring mock feud with fellow late-night hosts Stephen Colbert and Conan O'Brien. The strike officially ended on February 12, 2008, with the show's writers returning to work the following day, at which

"Fort Myers, Florida"
Fort Myers, Florida Fort Myers or Ft. Myers, is the county seat and commercial center of Lee County, Florida, United States. It has grown rapidly in recent years. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 62,298 and in 2017 was estimated at 79,943. Fort Myers is a gateway to the Southwest Florida region and a major tourist destination within Florida. The winter estates of Thomas Edison (""Seminole Lodge"") and Henry Ford (""The Mangoes"") are major attractions. The city is named after Colonel Abraham Myers. Spain originally had colonial influence in Florida, succeeded by Great Britain and, lastly, the

"Fort Myers Beach, Florida"
Fort Myers Beach, Florida Fort Myers Beach is a town located on Estero Island in Lee County, Florida, United States. The population was 6,277 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was officially incorporated on December 31, 1995. Fort Myers Beach is located at (26.438676, -81.925620). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (53.41%) is water. The town is situated on the barrier island of Estero Island. Fort Myers Beach has a tropical climate and has the

due to disease, hostilities, and political and economic upheaval. In the mid to late 1700s, Cuban fishermen then began to settle a small fishing village known as a Ranchero. This effectively displaced the remaining Calusa. In 1845, Florida became the 27th state. The Homestead Act of 1862 initiated American settlements on Estero Island. In 1862, Robert Gilbert received a homestead grant at the end of Connecticut Street, the highest point on Fort Myers Beach. In 1911, William Case developed the first subdivision and cottage rental industry. By 1914, all the property on the island was homesteaded with little industry beyond

to develop to the present day. The island has a mix of year-round and seasonal residents, as well as a vibrant tourism industry. On December 31, 1995, legislation was passed to incorporate the town of Fort Myers Beach. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,277 people in 3,444 households residing in the town. The population density was 2,262.8 people per square mile (848.2/km²). There were 9,402 housing units at an average density of 3,248.3 per square mile (1,273.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander,

"Fort Pierce, Florida"
Fort Pierce, Florida Fort Pierce is a city in and the county seat of St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Treasure Coast region of Atlantic Coast Florida. It is also known as the Sunrise City, sister to San Francisco, California, the Sunset City. The population was 41,590 at the 2010 census. As of 2012, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 42,645. It was named after the ""Fort Pierce"" Army post which was built nearby in 1838 during the Second Seminole War. The military post had been named for Benjamin Kendrick Pierce,

architectural styles. In the 21st century, it is known for its community activities and strong neighborhood ties. In 1947, Mina Edison deeded Seminole Lodge to the City of Fort Myers, in memory of her late husband and for the enjoyment of the public. By 1988, the adjacent Henry Ford winter estate was purchased by the city and opened for public tours in 1990. The combined properties today are known as the Edison and Ford Winter Estates. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (21.25%) is water. Fort

"Jupiter, Florida"
Jupiter, Florida Jupiter is the northernmost town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to a 2017 Census Bureau estimate, the town had a population of 64,976. It is 88 miles north of Miami, and the northernmost community in the Miami metropolitan area, home to 6,012,331 people in a 2015 Census Bureau estimate. Jupiter was rated as the 12th Best Beach Town in America by ""WalletHub"" in 2018, and as the 9th Happiest Seaside Town in America by ""Coastal Living"" in 2012. The area where the town now sits was originally named for the Hobe Indian tribe which lived

the plant Goldenrod (Solidago leavenworthii). The rubber project was transferred to the United States Department of Agriculture five years later. In 1916, automobile magnate Henry Ford purchased the home next door to Edison's from Robert Smith of New York. Ford named his estate ""the Mangoes"". Ford's craftsman-style ""bungalow"" was built in 1911 by Smith. Ford, Harvey Firestone and Edison, were the three top leaders in American industry. They were part of an exclusive group titled ""the Millionaires' Club"". The three men have been memorialized in statues in downtown Fort Myers' Centennial Park. In 1924, with the beginning of construction of

Florida. Jupiter, Florida Jupiter is the northernmost town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to a 2017 Census Bureau estimate, the town had a population of 64,976. It is 88 miles north of Miami, and the northernmost community in the Miami metropolitan area, home to 6,012,331 people in a 2015 Census Bureau estimate. Jupiter was rated as the 12th Best Beach Town in America by ""WalletHub"" in 2018, and as the 9th Happiest Seaside Town in America by ""Coastal Living"" in 2012. The area where the town now sits was originally named for the Hobe Indian tribe which

"Fort Lauderdale, Florida"
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Fort Lauderdale () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. The city has an estimated population of 180,072 as of the 2017 census. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017. The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale, encompassing all of Broward County, hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. In

"Battle of the Sexes (2017 film)"
Battle of the Sexes (2017 film) Battle of the Sexes is a 2017 biographical sports film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris and written by Simon Beaufoy. The plot is loosely based on the between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs. The film stars Emma Stone and Steve Carell as King and Riggs, with Andrea Riseborough, Elisabeth Shue, Austin Stowell, Bill Pullman, Natalie Morales, and Sarah Silverman in supporting roles. The film had its premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures on September 22,

April: Eric Christian Olsen as Lornie Kuhle, Jessica McNamee as tennis player Margaret Court, Alan Cumming as designer Ted Tinling, and Natalie Morales as player Rosie Casals. Principal photography on the film began in Los Angeles on April 13, 2016, with a budget of more than $25 million. For the tennis match scenes, tennis players Kaitlyn Christian (who portrays “Original 9” member Kerry Melville Reid) and Vince Spadea were the body doubles of Stone and Carell, respectively. ""Battle of the Sexes"" had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2017. It also screened at the Toronto

Actor in a Comedy; Carell also received a nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role. In 1970, Billie Jean King and Gladys Heldman confront Jack Kramer, who has organized a tennis tournament where the top prize for women is one-eighth of the men's prize, despite equal ticket sales. King and Heldman threaten to start their own tour but Kramer won't alter the terms, citing the inferiority of women's tennis. When Billie Jean, Julie Heldman, Valerie Ziegenfuss, Judy Dalton, Kristy Pigeon, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kerry Melville Reid, Nancy Richey, and Rosie Casals sign on as the “Original

slow start, King wins the match and Riggs reunites with his wife. The project and its two leads were announced in April 2015. Brie Larson was, for a brief period, set to replace Stone due to scheduling conflicts, but these were cleared up. On March 3, 2016, Andrea Riseborough was cast to play Marilyn Barnett, King's hairdresser and lover. Later that month, three more were cast in the film, Elisabeth Shue as Riggs' wife; Austin Stowell as Larry King, Billie Jean's husband; and Sarah Silverman as Gladys Heldman, the founder of ""World Tennis"" magazine. Four actors joined the cast in

2017. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Stone and Carell and the direction, with some calling it the best performance of Stone's career. Despite the positive reviews, the film was a box office disappointment, grossing $18.4 million against a $25 million budget. At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, Stone and Carell received nominations for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy respectively. At the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards, both received Critics Choice Awards nominations in the categories Best Actress in a Comedy and Best

"Jack Nicholson"
male actors to win three Academy Awards. Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s; the other is Michael Caine. He has won six Golden Globe Awards, and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, at 57, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award. He has had a number of high-profile relationships, most notably with Anjelica Huston and Rebecca Broussard, and was married to Sandra Knight from 1962 until their divorce

International Film Festival on September 10, 2017, and at the BFI London Film Festival on October 7, 2017. The film began a limited release in the United States on September 22, 2017, before going wide the following week. ""Battle of the Sexes"" grossed $12.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $5.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $18.4 million. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $515,450 from 21 theaters, an average of $24,545 per theater. The film expanded the following Friday, where it was released alongside the openings of ""Flatliners"", ""'Til Death Do Us

"James Tupper"
his tough-but-tender wife Karen, a U.S. Air Force pilot, and their three nearly-grown children. In addition to his acting role on the series, Tupper served as co-producer. The freshman season's 13-episode run ended December 20, 2016; the series was not renewed. Tupper split from his wife in November 2006 and moved in with actress Anne Heche in August 2007, after they met on the set of ""Men in Trees"". Their son, Atlas Heche Tupper, was born on March 7, 2009. James Tupper James Tupper (born August 4, 1965) is a Canadian actor known for his roles as Jack Slattery on

"Two Jacks"
Two Jacks Two Jacks is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Bernard Rose and starring Sienna Miller and Danny Huston. It is an adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's short story ""Two Hussars"" and is Rose's fifth Tolstoy adaptation, which include ""Anna Karenina"" (1997), ""Ivans XTC"" (2002), ""The Kreutzer Sonata"" (2008) and ""Boxing Day"" (2012). The film premiered in competition at the Montreal World Film Festival (August 23 to September 3, 2012). In 1992, Jack (Danny Huston), a legendary filmmaker, returns to Hollywood after a long absence looking to secure finance for his new film project. His return to Tinseltown is heralded

of the Sexes"", directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, is about the King/Riggs match, and stars Emma Stone and Steve Carell as King and Riggs, respectively. Nineteen years later, a third ""Battle of the Sexes"" match, entitled ""Battle of Champions"", was played in 1992. Outdoors at Caesars Palace in Paradise, Nevada, it matched 40 year-old Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova, age 35. Navratilova had previously turned down invitations to take on John McEnroe and Ilie Năstase, as she considered them undignified. The promoters initially tried to match Connors with the then top-ranked female player, Monica Seles. Connors called the

"Star Wars (film)"
concept, which he shelved for the time being. After spending the next two years completing ""American Graffiti"", Lucas turned his attention to his space opera. He drew inspiration from politics of the era, later saying, “It was really about the Vietnam War, and that was the period where Nixon was trying to run for a [second] term, which got me to thinking historically about how do democracies get turned into dictatorships?” Lucas began writing in January 1973, ""eight hours a day, five days a week"", by taking small notes, inventing odd names and assigning them possible characterizations. Lucas would discard

a learning resource. For example, a project in Western Australia honed elementary school students storytelling skills by role-playing action scenes from the movies and later creating props and audio/visual scenery to enhance their performance. Others have used the films to encourage second-level students to integrate technology in the science classroom by making prototype lightsabers. Similarly, psychiatrists in New Zealand and the US have advocated their use in the university classroom to explain different types of psychopathology. Informational notes Citations Star Wars Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, created by George Lucas and centered around a film series

All future projects and creative developments across all types of media would be overseen and coordinated by the story group, announced as a division of Lucasfilm created to maintain continuity and a cohesive vision on the storytelling of the franchise. Multiple comics series from Marvel and novels published by Del Rey were produced after the announcement. ""Star Wars"" in print predates the release of the first film, with the December 1976 novelization of ""Star Wars"", subtitled """""""". Credited to Lucas, it was ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster. The first ""Expanded Universe"" story appeared in Marvel Comics' ""Star Wars"" #7 in

"Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace"
of ""Star Wars"" was adapted from Lucas' 15-page outline that was written in 1976, which he designed to help him keep track of the characters' backstories and events that occurred before the original trilogy. Anakin was first written as a twelve-year-old, but Lucas reduced his age to nine because he felt the lower age would better fit the plot point of Anakin being affected by his mother's separation from him. Eventually, Anakin's younger age led Lucas to rewrite his participation in the movie's major scenes. The film's working title was ""The Beginning""; Lucas later revealed that its true title was

many of these by the time the final script was written, but he included several names and places in the final script or its sequels. He used these initial names and ideas to compile a two-page synopsis titled ""Journal of the Whills"", which told the tale of the training of apprentice CJ Thorpe as a ""Jedi-Bendu"" space commando by the legendary Mace Windy. Frustrated that his story was too difficult to understand, Lucas then began writing a 13-page treatment called ""The Star Wars"" on April 17, 1973, which had thematic parallels with Akira Kurosawa's 1958 film ""The Hidden Fortress"". After

Lucas was talented. Lucas later stated that Ladd ""invested in me, he did not invest in the movie."" The deal gave Lucas $150,000 to write and direct the film. Since commencing his writing process in January 1973, Lucas had done ""various rewrites in the evenings after the day's work."" He would write four different screenplays for ""Star Wars"", ""searching for just the right ingredients, characters and storyline. It's always been what you might call a good idea in search of a story."" By May 1974, he had expanded the film treatment into a rough draft screenplay, adding elements such as

"Star Wars Trilogy"
to distinguish them from films set within the same universe. In 1971, Lucas wanted to film an adaptation of the ""Flash Gordon"" serial, but couldn't obtain the rights. He began developing his own story inspired by the work of Edgar Rice Burroughs. Immediately after directing ""American Graffiti"" (1973), Lucas wrote a two-page synopsis for his space opera, titled ""Journal of the Whills"". After United Artists, Universal Studios and Disney rejected the film, 20th Century Fox decided to invest in it. Lucas felt his original story was too difficult to understand, so on April 17, 1973, he began writing a 13-page

"Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker"
setting up the backstory for future films. The book was written by Foster and based upon Lucas's screenplay for the first ""Star Wars"" film. On how he got the job, Foster said: ""My agent got a call from Lucas's lawyer of the time, Tom Pollock (now one of the most powerful men in Hollywood). Someone had read a book of mine, ""Icerigger"", knew that I had already done novelizations, and thought I might be the writer to do the novelization of Lucas' new film. I already knew his work through ""THX 1138"" and ""American Graffiti"". I accepted the offer to

Prequel
Anthony Boucher in ""The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction"", used to describe James Blish's 1956 story ""They Shall Have Stars,"" which expanded on the story introduced in his earlier 1955 work, ""Earthman Come Home"". The term came into general usage in the 1970s and 1980s. """" (1979) may have introduced the term ""prequel"" into the mainstream. The term has since been popularized by the ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy (1999-2005). Rather than being a concept distinct from that of a ""sequel"", a ""prequel"" still adheres to the general principle of serialization, defined only by its internal chronology and publication order.

meet with George, and did so at Industrial Light and Magic, then in a small warehouse in Van Nuys, California (part of greater Los Angeles, and conveniently near my family home). We hit it off well, I got the assignment (for two books), and that's how it happened."" Foster not only adapted the film's events, but also fleshed out the backstory of time, place, physics, planets, races, languages, history, and technology. When asked whether it was difficult for him to see Lucas get all the credit for the novelization, Foster said: ""Not at all. It was George's story idea. I

Bed
for this reason the bedsteads were for the most part mere frameworks to be covered up; but about the beginning of the 16th century bedsteads were made lighter and more decorative, since the lords remained in the same place for longer periods. In the 17th century, which has been called ""the century of magnificent beds"", the style ""a la duchesse"", with tester and curtains only at the head, replaced the more enclosed beds in France, though they lasted much longer in England. Louis XIV had an enormous number of sumptuous beds, as many as 413 being described in the inventories

"Air mattress"
UK on 19 Apr 1944 and in the USA on 25 Sep 1947 by P. B. Cow and Co Ltd. An inflatable air mattress for recreational use was advertised as one of the Li-Lo brand of products at the British Industries Fair in London 1949. Although it bears some resemblance to an air mattress, it is typically not built as strongly and may not reliably stay inflated all night long, making it impractical for use as a bed. Permanent use adjustable-firmness ""airbeds"" became popular particularly after market leader Select Comfort began a major marketing campaign around 2001. The original airbed

Bed
Versailles women received their friends in their beds, both before and after childbirth, during periods of mourning, and even directly after marriage—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the ""Ancien Régime"". The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to Charles the Bold. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds. Iron beds

Bed
ancient Germans lay on the floor on beds of leaves covered with skins, or in a kind of shallow chest filled with leaves and moss. In the early Middle Ages they laid carpets on the floor or on a bench against the wall, placed upon them mattresses stuffed with feathers, wool, or hair, and used skins as a covering. Curtains were hung from the ceiling or from an iron arm projecting from the wall. They appear to have generally lain naked in bed, wrapping themselves in large linen sheets which were stretched over the cushions. In the 12th century, luxury

Bed
increased and bedsteads were made of wood much decorated with inlaid, carved, and painted ornamentation. They also used folding beds, which served as couches by day and had cushions covered with silk laid upon leather. At night a linen sheet was spread and pillows placed, while silk-covered skins served as coverlets. The Carolingian manuscripts show metal bedsteads much higher at the head than at the feet, and this shape continued in use until the 13th century in France, many cushions being added to raise the body to a sloping position. In 12th-century manuscripts, the bedsteads appear much richer, with inlays,

"Hospital bed"
health care facilities and settings, such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities, outpatient clinics, and in home health care. While the term ""hospital bed"" can refer to the actual bed, the term ""bed"" is also used to describe the amount of space in a health care facility, as the capacity for the number of patients at the facility is measured in available ""beds."" Beds with adjustable side rails first appeared in Britain some time between 1815 and 1825. In 1874 the mattress company Andrew Wuest and Son, Cincinnati, Ohio, registered a patent for a type of mattress frame with a

Bed
x 190 cm), the sizes for other bed types tend to vary. Mainland European sizes differ, not merely because of the use of the metric system. In the mid-1950s, the United States bedding industry introduced a new size: the king size. A king-sized bed differs from the other sizes in implementation, as it is not common to have a king-sized box spring; rather, two smaller box-springs are used under a king-sized mattress. It is a common misconception that in a US ""standard"" or ""Eastern king"", the box springs are identical in size to a ""twin extra-long""; however, ""twin extra-long"" mattresses

Bed
carving, and painting, and with embroidered coverlets and mattresses in harmony. Curtains were hung above the bed and a small hanging lamp is often shown. In the 14th century the woodwork became of less importance, generally being entirely covered by hangings of rich materials. Silk, velvet, and even cloth of gold were frequently used. Inventories from the beginning of the 14th century give details of these hangings lined with fur and richly embroidered. It was then that the Four poster bed (also known as a ""tester bed"") made its first appearance, the bed being slung from the ceiling or fastened

Bed
appear in the 18th century; the advertisements declare them as free from the insects which sometimes infested wooden bedsteads. Elsewhere, there was also the closed bed with sliding or folding shutters, and in England—where beds were commonly quite simple in form—the four poster was the usual citizen's bed until the middle of the 19th century. Bed sizes vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology. While the ""double"" size appears to be standard among English speaking countries, based on the imperial measurement of 4 ft 6 in by 6 ft 3 in (137 cm

Bedding
century the bed spring was invented, also called the box spring. In the 20th century United States, consumers bought the inner spring mattress, followed in the 1960s by the water bed (originating on the West Coast), and adoption of Japanese-style futons, air mattresses, and foam rubber mattresses and pillows. Bedding sizes are made with consideration of the dimensions of the bed and mattress for which it is to be used. Bed sizes vary around the world, with countries having their own standards and terminology. Mattress sizes can be categorized by their country of sale: In Spain, standard mattress widths are

"Golden Nugget Atlantic City"
Golden Nugget Atlantic City Golden Nugget Atlantic City is a hotel, casino, and marina located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Opened in 1985 as Trump's Castle, it was renamed Trump Marina in 1997. Landry's, Inc. purchased the casino from Trump Entertainment Resorts in February 2011, and the sale was approved in late May. Landry's took control of the property on May 23, 2011. The resort sits on a property and contains a casino; 728 guest rooms; seven restaurants; a nightclub; a 462-seat theater; a recreation deck with a health spa, outdoor heated pool, hot tubs, cabanas, tennis and basketball courts,

WVRL in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Golden Nugget Atlantic City Golden Nugget Atlantic City is a hotel, casino, and marina located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Opened in 1985 as Trump's Castle, it was renamed Trump Marina in 1997. Landry's, Inc. purchased the casino from Trump Entertainment Resorts in February 2011, and the sale was approved in late May. Landry's took control of the property on May 23, 2011. The resort sits on a property and contains a casino; 728 guest rooms; seven restaurants; a nightclub; a 462-seat theater; a recreation deck with a health spa, outdoor heated pool, hot

"Harrah's Atlantic City"
Harrah's Atlantic City Harrah's Resort Atlantic City is a hotel and casino, located in the marina district of Atlantic City, New Jersey, owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The casino is one of three in the marina district of the city, along with the Borgata and the Golden Nugget. Harrah's was the first to be located in the district and remained the only resort there until Trump's Castle (later Trump Marina, now the Golden Nugget) was opened in 1985. It was the fifth casino to open after the legalization of gambling. Harrah's Atlantic City was conceived, and initial construction started,

"Atlantic Club Casino Hotel"
Atlantic Club Casino Hotel The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel, formerly known as Golden Nugget, Bally's Grand, The Grand, Atlantic City Hilton and ACH, is a closed casino and hotel located at the southern end of the boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey, owned and operated by Colony Capital. It was the city's first and only ""locals casino"". The Atlantic Club permanently closed on January 13, 2014, at 12:01 AM. largely as a result of dwindling casino visitors to Atlantic City due to increased competition in neighboring states. A third of Atlantic City's boardwalk casinos closed the same year, the others

"Caesars Atlantic City"
Caesars Atlantic City Caesars Atlantic City is a luxury hotel, casino, and spa resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Like Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, it has an ancient Roman and ancient Greek theme. Atlantic City's second casino, it opened in 1979 as the Caesars Boardwalk Regency. The . casino has over 3,400 slot machines, and is one of the largest in Atlantic City. The resort has experienced much expansion and renovation in the past decade, including a new hotel tower, a new parking garage, and a new shopping center, Playground Pier. Caesars purchased the 11-year-old Howard Johnson's Regency Motor

"Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City"
Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City (former Trump Taj Mahal) is a casino and hotel on the Boardwalk, owned by Hard Rock International, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. The casino, originally known as the ""Trump Taj Mahal,"" was inaugurated by its then-owner Donald Trump in 1990, and was built at a total cost of nearly $1 billion USD. Originally Restaurants at the Taj Mahal included Hard Rock Cafe, Sultan's Feast, Dynasty, Il Mulino New York, Moon at Dynasty, and Robert's Steakhouse. It was also the home of Scores, the

company's two other casinos. Landry's purchased the property for $38 million, taking control on May 23, 2011, and renamed it the Golden Nugget Atlantic City. Landry's then spent $150 million on renovations that were completed in spring 2012, opening new restaurants and clubs and a new outdoor pool and modernizing the resort; the marina was also renovated. On December 16, 2013, the Golden Nugget launched a real-money online casino site. Despite its late entrance into the market relative to competitors, by 2017 the online site had grown substantially, becoming the first New Jersey online casino to offer 400 games and

"Bally's Atlantic City"
Bally's Atlantic City Bally's Atlantic City is a hotel and casino on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey that is owned by Vici Properties and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel stood on the site before the casino was built. It is famous for its address of ""Park Place and the Boardwalk"", two locations popularized by the board game Monopoly. Bally's is one of the largest hotels on the boardwalk with nearly 1,169 rooms. Its Dennis Tower opened in 1921. In 1997, The Wild Wild West Casino was opened as an expansion of Bally's. In 1977, Reese Palley

"Resorts Casino Hotel"
Resorts Casino Hotel Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27-story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme. The Resorts site was originally occupied by two three-story wooden Quaker rooming houses, The Chalfonte House and The Haddon House. The Chalfonte House was built in 1868 by Elisha and Elizabeth

Air Supply and Aretha Franklin. On Memorial Day weekend in 2013 Haven nightclub opened. The casino was built by Hilton Hotels, but when the building was nearly complete, that company was denied a gambling license by the State of New Jersey due to alleged ties to organized crime and sold the complex to Donald Trump. It opened in 1985 as Trump's Castle. In 1988, the casino became one of the settings for the game show version of ""Yahtzee"", and in 1990 it was the setting for the game show ""Trump Card"". Revenues at Trump Castle took a sharp decline in

"Friday Night Lights (TV series)"
particularly for the pilot, which was closely related to the film. He cast Connie Britton as the wife of head coach Eric Taylor, and Brad Leland as Buddy Garrity, a major businessman and football booster, in roles similar to those they played in the film. Filming for the show's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin, Texas. Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as ""a deal breaker"" in order to agree to participate weekly in the project. The show features homages to its Texas heritage. In the pilot, Berg featured former Texas Longhorns

the series. University of Southern California football announcers Peter Arbogast and Paul McDonald provided off-screen commentary during the football game sequences. The facilities, colors and bobcat logos of Texas State University in San Marcos were used as the setting and creative inspiration for the fictional Texas Methodist University. The show features the fictional Herrmann Field, named for George Herrmann, the head coach of the Pflugerville Panthers. Some scenes were filmed outside Texas. On June 20, 2010, scenes were filmed at Temple University, which was to portray the fictional Braemore College. An episode from Julie's senior year in high school was

yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas. ""Friday Night Lights"" is unusual for using actual locations rather than stage sets and sound stage. These factors together with reliance on filming hundreds of locals as extras, gives the series an authentic feel and look. The producers used a documentary-style

Odessa c. 1988. Once filming on the movie was completed, Berg began to explore adapting the story for television. Berg later said he had regretted having to jettison many of the interpersonal topics from the book because of the time constraints of a feature film. Creating a TV series, particularly one based on fictional characters, allowed him to address many of those elements in-depth. He decided to set the series in a fictional town of Dillon, Texas, with some characteristics of Odessa. The football team was given the Panthers name. Berg deliberately carried elements from the film to the series,

filmed in the Boston area, at Boston College, Boston University, and Tufts University. Some scenes at fictional Oklahoma Tech University were filmed at Gregory Gym at The University of Texas at Austin. Initially targeted at the youth market, the show emphasized the football element. NBC teamed with social networking site Bebo to create a site that allowed students to upload video and photos, as well as create blogs about their local football teams. Students who participated were eligible for one of 10 $5,000 scholarships. NBC had negotiated with Bebo for network and series promotion on Bebo’s network of youth-oriented sites

""no rehearsal, no blocking, just three cameras and we shoot."" Working in this fashion profoundly influenced everyone involved with the show. Series star Kyle Chandler said: ""When I look back at my life, I'm going to say, 'Wow, [executive producer] Peter Berg really changed my life.'"" Executive producer and head writer Jason Katims echoed this sentiment, saying: ""When I first came on [the ""FNL""] set, I thought, it’s interesting – this is what I imagined filmmaking would be, before I saw what filmmaking was."" All five seasons of ""Friday Night Lights"" were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show

it was confirmed by Berg that a film would not be moving forward. Friday Night Lights (TV series) Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. It was developed by Peter Berg and executive produced by Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims, based on by H. G. Bissinger, adapted as the 2004 film of the same name. The series' primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas. Team coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace,

Friday Night Lights (TV series) Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. It was developed by Peter Berg and executive produced by Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims, based on by H. G. Bissinger, adapted as the 2004 film of the same name. The series' primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas. Team coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace, are featured. The show uses this small-town backdrop to address many issues facing

football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional ""Panther Radio"" compare Panthers' coach Eric Taylor to Brown. The pilot referred to much of the surrounding area in its scenes. Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex. The Dillon Panther football team and coaches' uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers. Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf. Berg's observation of local high school students while preparing to film the movie inspired his development of some of the

a sometimes confrontational community and his personal ambitions. His family – wife Tami Taylor (Connie Britton), a guidance counselor turned principal at Dillon High, and teenage daughter Julie Taylor (Aimee Teegarden) – are also central to the show. Coach Taylor and Tami are the only two characters to appear in every episode. Outside of the Taylor family, the show explores the lives of the Dillon high school football players. In the pilot, Coach Taylor's protege and star quarterback Jason Street (Scott Porter), suffers a spinal injury that ends his football career. He faces life as a quadriplegic. At first, Street

Batman
mimicking the success of other DC characters that had dabbled in the genre. New characters such as Batwoman, Ace the Bat-Hound, and Bat-Mite were introduced. Batman's adventures often involved odd transformations or bizarre space aliens. In 1960, Batman debuted as a member of the Justice League of America in ""The Brave and the Bold"" #28 (Feb. 1960), and went on to appear in several Justice League comic series starting later that same year. By 1964, sales of Batman titles had fallen drastically. Bob Kane noted that, as a result, DC was ""planning to kill Batman off altogether"". In response to

Batman
Kane with Bill Finger"". The first Batman story, ""The Case of the Chemical Syndicate"", was published in ""Detective Comics"" #27 (May 1939). Finger said, ""Batman was originally written in the style of the pulps"", and this influence was evident with Batman showing little remorse over killing or maiming criminals. Batman proved a hit character, and he received his own solo title in 1940 while continuing to star in ""Detective Comics"". By that time, Detective Comics was the top-selling and most influential publisher in the industry; Batman and the company's other major hero, Superman, were the cornerstones of the company's success.

Batman
predecessors in pulp fiction, comic strips, newspaper headlines, and autobiographical details referring to Kane himself. As an aristocratic hero with a double identity, Batman had predecessors in the Scarlet Pimpernel (created by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 1903) and Zorro (created by Johnston McCulley, 1919). Like them, Batman performed his heroic deeds in secret, averted suspicion by playing aloof in public, and marked his work with a signature symbol. Kane noted the influence of the films ""The Mark of Zorro"" (1920) and ""The Bat Whispers"" (1930) in the creation of the character's iconography. Finger, drawing inspiration from pulp heroes like Doc Savage,

Batman
as a respectable citizen and paternal figure that inhabited a ""bright and colorful"" environment. Batman was one of the few superhero characters to be continuously published as interest in the genre waned during the 1950s. In the story ""The Mightiest Team in the World"" in ""Superman"" #76 (June 1952), Batman teams up with Superman for the first time and the pair discover each other's secret identity. Following the success of this story, ""World's Finest Comics"" was revamped so it featured stories starring both heroes together, instead of the separate Batman and Superman features that had been running before. The team-up

Superman/Batman
Superman/Batman Superman/Batman is a monthly comic book series published by DC Comics that features the publisher's two most popular characters: Superman and Batman. ""Superman/Batman"" premiered in August 2003, an update of the previous series, ""World's Finest Comics"", in which Superman and Batman regularly joined forces. ""Superman/Batman"" explores the camaraderie, antagonism, and friendship between its title characters. Jeph Loeb, the series' first writer, introduced a dual-narrator technique to present the characters' often opposing viewpoints and estimations of each other, which subsequent series writers have maintained. Before the 1985 limited series ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"", the two iconic characters were depicted as

"Justice League"
Justice League The Justice League is a team of fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The Justice League was conceived by writer Gardner Fox, and they first appeared together, as Justice League of America (JLA) in ""The Brave and the Bold"" #28 (March 1960). The Justice League is an assemblage of superheroes who join together as a team. The seven original members were Aquaman, Batman, The Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, Superman and Wonder Woman. The team roster has rotated throughout the years, consisting of various superheroes from the DC Universe, such as The Atom,

"First appearance"
a much lower 5.5 (""fine minus"") sold for $956,000 in 2016. Shortly after the record-breaking million-dollar sale of ""Action Comics"" #1 in 2010, a copy of ""Detective Comics"" #27 featuring the first appearance of Batman was sold for $1,075,000 in a Heritage auction. Several factors determine the value of a first appearance. Note: All values are according to ComicsPriceGuide.com and are for editions certified by the Certified Collectibles Group (see below): While seemingly a simple concept, determining the first appearance may be complex. The following are instances in which a character's first appearance may be difficult to determine: Note: All

"Detective Comics"
introduced Man-Bat with writer Frank Robbins in ""Detective Comics"" #400 (June 1970). O'Neil and artist Bob Brown crafted Batman's first encounter with the League of Assassins in ""Detective Comics"" #405 (Nov. 1970) and created Talia al Ghul in issue #411 (May 1971). After publishing on a monthly schedule throughout its run, ""Detective Comics"" became a bi-monthly book from issues #435 (June–July 1973) to #445 (Feb.-March 1975). Issues #438 (Dec. 1973-Jan. 1974) to #445 (Feb.–March 1975) of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format. O'Neil and artist Dick Giordano created the Batman supporting character Leslie Thompkins in the

Batman
Batman Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and first appeared in ""Detective Comics"" #27, in 1939. Originally named the ""Bat-Man"", the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the World's Greatest Detective. Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American playboy, philanthropist, and owner of Wayne Enterprises. After witnessing the murder of his parents Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath

"The Book of Eli"
alongside Washington. Principal photography began in February 2009 and took place in New Mexico. Alcon Entertainment financed the film and co-produced with Silver Pictures. Jeff Imada choreographed the complex fight scenes, which feature the Filipino martial art of Kali. Washington trained for months with Dan Inosanto and Imada for his role. The film was released in North America on January 15, 2010 in 3,111 theaters. It took in $11,672,970—$3,752 per theater, its opening day. By the end of its opening four-day holiday weekend it grossed $38,437,553—$12,355 per theater. It ranked number two, behind ""Avatar"". On its second weekend, it placed

The Book of Eli The Book of Eli is a 2010 American post-apocalyptic neo-Western action film directed by The Hughes Brothers, written by Gary Whitta, and starring Denzel Washington, Gary Oldman, Mila Kunis, Ray Stevenson, and Jennifer Beals. The story revolves around Eli, a nomad in a post-apocalyptic world, who is told by a voice to deliver his copy of a mysterious book to a safe location on the West Coast of the United States. The history of the post-war world is explained along the way, as is the importance of Eli's task. Filming began in February 2009 and took

of the Bible, and Lombardi places one on a bookshelf between the Torah and Tanakh on one side and the Quran on the other. Solara, though offered sanctuary, chooses to return home, taking with her Eli's machete and other possessions. In May 2007, Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. signed the Hughes brothers to direct ""The Book of Eli"", based on a script by Gary Whitta. (The brothers had last directed the 2001 film ""From Hell"".) Subsequently, Anthony Peckham rewrote the script, and in September 2008 Denzel Washington won the lead role. The following October, Gary Oldman was cast to star

place in New Mexico. The film was released in theaters in January 2010. Alcon Entertainment financed and co-produced the film with Silver Pictures, while it was distributed by Warner Bros. in the United States; international sales were handled by Summit Entertainment. Thirty years after a nuclear apocalypse, Eli (Denzel Washington) travels on foot toward the west coast of the former United States. Along the way he demonstrates uncanny survival and fighting skills, hunting wildlife and swiftly defeating a group of desert bandits who try to ambush him. Searching for water, he arrives in a ramshackle town rebuilt and overseen by

"The Bible: In the Beginning..."
the time, Nero could not speak English, and Huston gave him recordings of Shakespeare with which to study. The scenes involving the Garden of Eden were shot at a ""small zoological garden"" in Rome instead of a ""beautiful place of trees, glades and wildflowers"" which had been demolished shortly before the shooting began. Ulla Bergryd, who was cast as Eve, later recalled, ""Paradise was, in fact, an old botanical garden on the outskirts of Rome."" There were five reproductions of Noah's Ark built for the film. The largest reproduction, which stood on the backlot of the De Laurentiis Film Center,

"The Book of Mormon Movie"
it was revealed on the DVD commentary that the first cut of the film was two hours and forty minutes. Noah Danby was cast as Nephi because of his strong resemblance to the art of Arnold Friberg. He had never read the Book of Mormon prior to his casting. Danby is a devout Lutheran, and while at first he didn't feel comfortable in making the film due to religious differences, he has said in an interview for ""The Hollywood Reporter"" that he took the role to gain experience as an actor. The desert scenes were filmed in Utah in the

Eilat
one of the prime diving locations in the world. About 250,000 dives are performed annually in Eilat's coastline, and diving represents 10% of the tourism income of this area. In addition, given the proximity of many of these reefs to the shore, non-divers can encounter the Red Sea's reefs with relative ease. Water conditions for SCUBA divers are good all year round, with water temperatures around , with little or no currents and clear waters with an average of visibility. Eilat has been utilized by film and television productions - domestic and foreign - for location shooting since the 1960s,

"The Secret Scripture (film)"
by Johnny Ferguson. In March 2014, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, and Jeremy Irons, were cast in the film. In July 2014, it was revealed that Rooney Mara had been cast in the film, replacing Chastain with Jim Sheridan replacing O'Sullivan as director. In August 2014, it was revealed that Theo James, Eric Bana, Jack Reynor were in talks to co-star in the film. In August 2015, it was revealed that Brian Byrne had composed the score for the film. Filming was originally slated to begin in May and September 2014. Principal photography (including at Inistioge, County Kilkenny) began on 13 January

"Testament (1983 film)"
In closing, an old family film of a surprise birthday party for Tom plays, showing him as he blows out the candles on his cake. ""Testament"" was shot entirely on location in the town of Sierra Madre, California, a suburb community of Los Angeles located in the San Gabriel Valley. ""Testament"" received positive reviews from the few critics who got the opportunity to see it. ""Testament"" currently maintains an 86% ""fresh"" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 7 reviews. Critic Roger Ebert, of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"", gave the film a rare four stars out of four, and was highly enthusiastic

was 200 feet long, 64 feet wide, and 50 feet high; it was used for the long shot of Noah loading the animals. The interior reproduction, which was one of the ""largest interior sets ever designed and constructed,"" was 150 feet long and 58 feet high and had ""three decks, divided into a hundred pens"" and a ramp that ran ""clear around the ark from top to bottom."" The third reproduction was a ""skeleton"" ark, built for the scenes depicting Noah and his sons constructing the Ark. The fourth reproduction was ""placed at the foot of a dam"" for the

"Eobard Thawne"
in front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so. In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he's responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of Nora Allen (Barry's mother). Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Iris before they even met. As Barry chases after Thawne, Wally joins in the time barrier. They reach him and in doing so,

"The Flash: Rebirth"
she disintegrates in the same fashion as Savitar as Barry touches her. Barry's costume begins to transform into that of the Black Flash. At the Justice Society's headquarters, Jesse Chambers is contemplating a statue of her parents, Johnny Quick and Liberty Belle. Her husband Rick Tyler confronts her, an explosion occurs in front of them, and an image of Johnny Quick materializes, begs Barry Allen not to hurt Jesse, then vanishes. In Fallville, the Justice League, the Justice Society, and other heroes have built a containment chamber for Barry, whose personal energy field has become tainted with a black aura

"Flash (Barry Allen)"
they believe Batman was invincible. However, Barry convinces him that no one is invincible; the Marvel Family and Batman agree to join him. The heroes arrive at New Themyscira to stop the Atlantean/Amazon war, and appear to be winning until Enchantress reveals herself as the Amazon spy and uses her magic to separate the Marvel Family and restore them to their mortal forms. Penthesilea kills Billy Batson just as Professor Zoom reveals himself to Barry. Professor Zoom reveals to him that the ""Flashpoint"" timeline was actually created by Barry himself, after he traveled back in time to stop Zoom from

killing his mother, but the timeline diverted into the near-apocalyptic world they find themselves in. He continues to taunt Barry with this knowledge, but is suddenly stabbed in the back by Batman wielding an Amazonian sword. Before Barry returns the timeline to normal, Batman thanks him for all he's done and gives him a letter addressed to his son. After this, Barry bids a farewell to his mother, knowing he must travel back in time to stop his younger self from altering time. Through the fusions of the time stream, Barry seemingly hears a voice explaining that the three timelines

"Bart Allen"
Jesse Chambers causes Wally's daughter Iris to manifest a connection to the Speed Force. Much to Bart's surprise, Iris decides to don Bart's old costume and become the new Impulse. With Bart and Conner Kent's return, both of their statues are removed from the Titans Tower's memorial. However, Nekron, the ""black personification"" of Death, seeks to reclaim their lives during the ""Blackest Night"" crossover. Bart, along with Wally, races across the globe to warn every hero of the Black Lantern Corps' invasion. Bart later arrives at Coast City with Wally and scatters members of the Justice League and Teen Titans

Flash in the animated series ""Young Justice"". As depicted in a Legion of Super-Heroes story, Barry Allen's children—the Tornado Twins—were arrested in A.D. 2995 by the government of Earth, which had fallen under the covert control of the Dominators. Following a one-day trial on trumped-up charges of treason, the Twins were executed. According to a ""Daily Planet"" news report, Don Allen is survived by his wife Carmen Johnson (whose real name is Meloni Thawne, a descendant of Eobard Thawne), his mother Iris West Allen, and his two-year-old son: Barry Allen II, or Bart. This timeline was wiped out by the

by killing Barry's wife, Iris, before they met. Barry chases after Zoom, and is joined by Wally, who tells Barry to push as hard as he can to break the time barrier. They reach Thawne, becoming the lightning bolt that turns Barry into the Flash as they are able to stop Zoom from killing Iris. As the two Flashes push Zoom back through time to the present, they see that the Justice League, the Justice Society, and the Outsiders have built a device specifically for Thawne. Barry tosses him in and activates the device, severing his connection to the negative

"Iris West"
just enough to kill her. Years later, Barry killed Zoom while trying to prevent him from murdering his new fiancée, Fiona Webb. Iris did not stay dead for long. As Iris' biological parents, the Russells (with the help of a future Flash, John Fox), sent the then-infant Iris to the past, where she was adopted by Ira West, her ""death"" caused a paradox that was resolved after the Russells placed her consciousness into a new body. Barry is reunited with Iris in her time. However, the couple knows if Barry returns to the past, he will die in the ""Crisis

(sets within the post-"""" continuity), it is revealed that Barry voted to allow Zatanna to edit Doctor Light's mind with four of the members of the Justice League six months after Iris's death, essentially lobotomizing him. When Batman discovers what the League was doing, they have his memories edited as well despite the opposition from Green Arrow. Both Doctor Light and Batman would eventually recover from their respective mindwipe, leading Doctor Light to swear vengeance to all heroes and Batman's distrust towards his allies. Following the trial, Allen retires and joins Iris in the 30th century. After only a few

"Flashpoint (comics)"
magic to restore the Marvel Family to their mortal forms. Penthesilea (who was secretly one of the conspirators of the Atlanteans-Amazons war, along with Orm) kills Billy Batson, causing a massive explosion that cripples the opposing forces. In the wake of the devastation, Thawne appears in front of Flash. The Reverse-Flash reveals that Flash himself created the Flashpoint timeline by traveling back in time to stop him from killing Barry's mother. Barry pulled the entire Speed Force into himself to stop Thawne, transforming the timeline by shattering the history of his allies. Thawne resets Barry's internal vibrations, enabling him to

"Spanish Steps"
novel, ""Tender Is the Night"". The Steps are featured in Anthony Burgess's 1977 novel, ""Abba Abba"". Spanish Steps The Spanish Steps () are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church at the top. The monumental stairway of 174 steps (the slightly elevated drainage system is often mistaken for the first step) was built with French diplomat Étienne Gueffier’s bequeathed funds of 20,000 ""scudi"", in 1723–1725, linking the Bourbon Spanish Embassy, and the Trinità dei Monti church

Spanish Steps The Spanish Steps () are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church at the top. The monumental stairway of 174 steps (the slightly elevated drainage system is often mistaken for the first step) was built with French diplomat Étienne Gueffier’s bequeathed funds of 20,000 ""scudi"", in 1723–1725, linking the Bourbon Spanish Embassy, and the Trinità dei Monti church that was under the patronage of the Bourbon kings of France, both located above — to

of the English Romantic generation. On the same right side stands the 15th-century former cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mari's palace, now Ferrari di Valbona, a building altered in 1936 to designs by Marcello Piacentini, the main city planner during Fascism, with modern terraces perfectly in harmony with the surrounding baroque context. At the top, the stairway ramp up the ""Pincio"" which is the Pincian Hill. From the top of the steps the Villa Medici can be reached. During Christmas time a 19th-century criba manger is displayed on the first landing of the staircase. During Springtime, just before the anniversary of

view of the wooded slope in 1683, before the ""Scalinata"" was built, is conserved in the Galleria Nazionale, Rome. The Roman-educated Cardinal Mazarin took a personal interest in the project that had been stipulated in Gueffier's will and entrusted it to his agent in Rome, whose plan included an equestrian monument of Louis XIV, an ambitious intrusion that created a furore in papal Rome. Mazarin died in 1661, the pope in 1667, and Gueffier's will was successfully contested by a nephew who claimed half; so the project lay dormant until Pope Clement XI Albani renewed interest in it. The Bourbon

fleur-de-lys and Innocent XIII's eagle and crown are carefully balanced in the sculptural details. The solution is a gigantic inflation of some conventions of terraced garden stairs. The Spanish Steps, which Joseph de Lalande and Charles de Brosses noted were already in poor condition, have been restored several times, most recently in 1995. A new renovation commenced on October 8, 2015 and the steps reopened on September 21, 2016. In the Piazza di Spagna at the base is the Early Baroque fountain called ""Fontana della Barcaccia"" (""Fountain of the longboat""), built in 1627–29 and often credited to Pietro Bernini, father

of a more famous son, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who is recently said to have collaborated on the decoration. The elder Bernini had been the pope's architect for the Acqua Vergine, since 1623. According to a legend, Pope Urban VIII had the fountain installed after he had been impressed by a boat brought here by a flood of the Tiber. In the piazza, at the corner on the right as one begins to climb the steps, is the house where English poet John Keats lived and died in 1821; it is now a museum dedicated to his memory, full of memorabilia

the Holy See in Palazzo Monaldeschi located below. The stairway was designed by architects Francesco de Sanctis and Alessandro Specchi. Following a competition in 1717 the steps were designed by the little-known Francesco de Sanctis, though Alessandro Specchi was long thought to have produced the winning entry. Generations of heated discussion over how the steep slope to the church on a shoulder of the Pincio should be urbanised preceded the final execution. Archival drawings from the 1580s show that Pope Gregory XIII was interested in constructing a stair to the recently completed façade of the French church. Gaspar van Wittel's

the foundation of Rome, April 21, part of the steps are covered by pots of azaleas, up until early May. In modern times the Spanish Steps have included a small cut-flower market. The steps are not a place for eating lunch, being forbidden by Roman urban regulations, but they are usually crowded with people. The 1953 film ""Roman Holiday"", starring Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck, made the Spanish Steps famous to an American audience. The apartment that was the setting for ""The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone"" (1961) is halfway up on the right. Bernardo Bertolucci's ""Besieged"" (1998) is also

"Scala dei Turchi"
Scala dei Turchi The Scala dei Turchi (Italian: ""Stair of the Turks"") is a rocky cliff on the coast of Realmonte, near Porto Empedocle, southern Sicily, Italy. It has become a tourist attraction, partly due to its mention in Andrea Camilleri's series of detective stories about Commissario Montalbano. The ""Scala"" is formed by marl, a sedimentary rock with a characteristic white color. It lies between two sandy beaches, and is accessed through a limestone rock formation in the shape of a staircase, hence the name. The latter part of the name derives from the frequent raids carried on by Moors.

"Francesco de Sanctis (architect)"
Francesco de Sanctis (architect) Francesco De Sanctis (1679, Rome – 1731) was a late Baroque Italian architect, most notable for his design of the Spanish Steps in Rome in collaboration with Alessandro Specchi. These were built between 1723 and 1726 to celebrate the peace treaty between France and Spain, linking the top of the hill (under French influence, with the church of Trinità dei Monti and French monastic institutions) to the Spanish embassy to the Holy See at the bottom of the hill. The design left out some of the richer elements of De Sanctis's original design, such as grand

who is mostly responsible for writing the declaration of independence

"United States Declaration of Independence"
the reign of an unjust king. The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath (1320) and the Dutch Act of Abjuration (1581) have also been offered as models for Jefferson's Declaration, but these models are now accepted by few scholars. Jefferson wrote that a number of authors exerted a general influence on the words of the Declaration. English political theorist John Locke is usually cited as one of the primary influences, a man whom Jefferson called one of ""the three greatest men that have ever lived"". In 1922, historian Carl L. Becker wrote, ""Most Americans had absorbed Locke's works as a kind of

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Lee Resolution for independence was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. The Committee of Five had drafted the Declaration to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the

their rival Federalists by promoting both the importance of the Declaration and Jefferson as its author. Federalists responded by casting doubt on Jefferson's authorship or originality, and by emphasizing that independence was declared by the whole Congress, with Jefferson as just one member of the drafting committee. Federalists insisted that Congress's act of declaring independence, in which Federalist John Adams had played a major role, was more important than the document announcing it. But this view faded away, like the Federalist Party itself, and, before long, the act of declaring independence became synonymous with the document. A less partisan appreciation

"Roger Sherman"
Archibald Cox served as a U.S. Solicitor General and special prosecutor during President Richard Nixon's Watergate scandal; he was the great-grandson of William M. Evarts. Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack

independence until after Congress had made its decision. Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a ""Committee of Five"" to draft a declaration, consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years

Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack of formal education. After a period in the Connecticut House of Representatives, he served as a Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766

According to Ritz, about thirty-four delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and the others signed on or after August 2. Historians who reject a July 4 signing maintain that most delegates signed on August 2, and that those eventual signers who were not present added their names later. Two future U.S. presidents were among the signatories: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term ""John Hancock"" emerged in the United States as

"George Clymer"
George Clymer George Clymer (March 16, 1739 – January 23, 1813) was an American politician and Founding Father of the United States. He was one of the first Patriots to advocate complete independence from Britain. As a Pennsylvania representative, Clymer was, along with five others, a signatory of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He attended the Continental Congress, and served in political office until the end of his life. Clymer was born in Philadelphia on 16 March 1739. Orphaned when only a year old, he was apprenticed to his maternal aunt and uncle, Hannah and William

Historian Garry Wills argued that Jefferson was influenced by the Scottish Enlightenment, particularly Francis Hutcheson, rather than Locke, an interpretation that has been strongly criticized. Legal historian John Phillip Reid has written that the emphasis on the political philosophy of the Declaration has been misplaced. The Declaration is not a philosophical tract about natural rights, argues Reid, but is instead a legal document—an indictment against King George for violating the constitutional rights of the colonists. Historian David Armitage has argued that the Declaration was strongly influenced by de Vattel's ""The Law of Nations"", the dominant international law treatise of the

"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"
""John Hancock"" emerged in the United States as an informal synonym for ""signature"". Future presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) the oldest. Some delegates were away on business when the Declaration was debated, including William Hooper and Samuel Chase, but they were back in Congress to sign on August 2. Other delegates were present when the Declaration was debated but added their names after August 2, including Lewis Morris, Oliver Wolcott, Thomas McKean, and possibly Elbridge Gerry. Richard Henry Lee and George Wythe

"Woody Woodpecker (2017 film)"
a live-action/CG hybrid film based on ""Woody Woodpecker"" in Canada. Filming began in June 2016, and ended later in July of that year. In December 2016, a teaser trailer for the film was leaked by Universal Pictures Brasil with the Brazilian Portuguese dub. A trailer for the original English version premiered in the US on December 13, 2017. The film collected only seven reviews on English-language review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reporting a 14% approval rating and provided no critical consensus. Common Sense Media rated the film 1 out of 5 stars, stating ""Inanely cruel villains, an unoriginal story, ham-handed performances,

"Woody Woodpecker"
Spain (they were originally brought to the park by Universal Studios, and remain there today despite Universal no longer having a financial stake in the park). According to Walter Lantz's press agent, the idea for Woody came during the producer's honeymoon with his wife, Gracie, in Lake Sherwood, California. A noisy acorn woodpecker outside their cabin kept the couple awake at night, and when a heavy rain started, they learned that the bird had bored holes in their cabin's roof. As both Walter and Gracie told Dallas attorney Rod Phelps during a visit, Walter wanted to shoot the bird, but

woodpecker lives. While the movie was filmed in English, it was aimed at the South American market where the Woody Woodpecker character remains extremely popular to this day. The movie received mostly negative reviews from critics. In the Pine Grove forest in Washington state, Woody Woodpecker toys with two taxidermist poachers, brothers Nate and Ottis Grimes, and eventually causes them to tranquilize each other. Woody then pecks his name into a tree. In Seattle, Lance Walters, a real estate lawyer, gets fired after a video of him claiming wildlife conservation is unprofitable goes viral. He tells his girlfriend Vanessa that

Woody Woodpecker (2017 film) Woody Woodpecker is a 2017 American live-action/computer-animated comedy film produced by Mike Elliott and directed by Alex Zamm, based on the classic short films the cartoon character of the same name created by Walter Lantz and Ben Hardaway. The film stars the voice of Eric Bauza as Woody Woodpecker, and also stars Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters, a divorced attorney with a son and a new girlfriend who wants to build a dream home in a forest in the mountains of Washington, only to find out he is cutting down a tree in which the eponymous

"Woody Allen"
Avilés, Barcelona, and Oviedo, Spain, where shooting started on July 9, 2007. The movie featured Scarlett Johansson, Javier Bardem, Rebecca Hall and Penélope Cruz. ""Vicky Cristina Barcelona"" won Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the Golden Globe awards. Penélope Cruz received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. ""In the United States things have changed a lot, and it's hard to make good small films now,"" Allen said in a 2004 interview. ""The avaricious studios couldn't care less about good films—if they get a good film they're twice as happy but money-making films are their goal. They only

February 6, 2018 and on Blu-ray on September 4, 2018. In the United Kingdom, the movie was distributed through British home video distributor Dazzler Media, under license from Universal. Woody Woodpecker (2017 film) Woody Woodpecker is a 2017 American live-action/computer-animated comedy film produced by Mike Elliott and directed by Alex Zamm, based on the classic short films the cartoon character of the same name created by Walter Lantz and Ben Hardaway. The film stars the voice of Eric Bauza as Woody Woodpecker, and also stars Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters, a divorced attorney with a son and a new girlfriend

stories. On July 13, 2016, Cartoon Brew reported that Universal 1440 Entertainment was filming a live-action/CGI hybrid film based on ""Woody Woodpecker"" in Canada. The film is being directed by Alex Zamm and stars Timothy Omundson of ""Galavant"" and ""Psych"" fame and Brazilian actress Thaila Ayala. Filming began in June 2016, and ended later in July of that year. The film was released theatrically in Brazil on October 5, 2017 and was scheduled for release on April 1, 2018 worldwide. The film had a straight-to-video release in the United States on February 6, 2018. On November 22, 2018, ""Deadline Hollywood""

Sweet Home"" into the new birdhouse, only to accidentally make it topple onto the tent. After the credits, the Woody Woodpecker cartoon ""Niagara Fools"" is shown. In the early 2010s, Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment planned a ""Woody Woodpecker"" feature film. John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky (""King of the Hill"") were in talks to develop a story, but in July 2013, Illumination canceled the project. In October 2013, Bill Kopp announced that Universal Pictures had hired him to direct an animated feature film with three interwoven stories. On July 13, 2016, Cartoon Brew reported that Universal 1440 Entertainment was filming

and reliance on farts and burps are the low lights of this awkward effort to bring back a less-than-engaging cartoon bird."" The film was first released in theaters in Brazil (under the name of Pica-Pau: O Filme) on October 5, 2017. As of March 11, 2018, ""Woody Woodpecker"" has grossed $15.3 million. It debuted at $1.5 million, finishing second at the Brazilian box office behind ""Blade Runner 2049"". The movie increased by +45.4% in its second weekend, moving to first place with $2.1 million. It was released in the United States and Canada on DVD, Digital HD, and Netflix on

laugh he used to do at school and he just added the pecking sounds to the laugh. That practice continued with other voice artists. Woody Woodpecker is a film series, short films and cartoons created by the designer and animator Walter Lantz (1899–1994). In the early 2010s, Universal Studios and Illumination Entertainment planned a ""Woody Woodpecker"" feature film. John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky (""King of the Hill"") were in talks to develop a story, but the project was canceled. In October 2013, Bill Kopp announced that Universal Pictures had hired him to direct an animated feature film with three interwoven

Asia
located in the Pacific Rim, known as the Asian tigers, which have now all received developed country status, having the highest GDP per capita in Asia. It is forecasted that India will overtake Japan in terms of nominal GDP by 2020. By 2027, according to Goldman Sachs, China will have the largest economy in the world. Several trade blocs exist, with the most developed being the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Asia is the largest continent in the world by a considerable margin, and it is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, forests, fish, water, rice, copper and silver.

Asia
services, to stimulating diversification of rural household incomes and providing incentives to farmers to adopt natural resource conservation measures to enhance forest cover, replenish groundwater and use renewable energy. Asia has the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world, and is the fastest growing economic region. , the largest economies in Asia are China, Japan, India, Russia, South Korea, Indonesia and Turkey based on GDP in both nominal and PPP. Based on Global Office Locations 2011, Asia dominated the office locations with 4 of the top 5 being in Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and

Asia
of 20 are dominated by Asia and Pacific Region Cities and also for the first time a city of a country from Asia (Bangkok) set in the top-ranked with 15.98 international visitors. East Asia had by far the strongest overall Human Development Index (HDI) improvement of any region in the world, nearly doubling average HDI attainment over the past 40 years, according to the report's analysis of health, education and income data. China, the second highest achiever in the world in terms of HDI improvement since 1970, is the only country on the ""Top 10 Movers"" list due to income

Asia
articles: Special topics: Lists: Asia Asia () is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and

"Economy of Asia"
Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Lahore (Pakistan), Metro Manila (Philippines), Cebu (Philippines) and Bangkok (Thailand). Economy of Asia The economy of Asia comprises more than 4.5 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 49 different nation states. Six further states lie partly in Asia, but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically. Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. China, Japan, India, South Korea and Indonesia are currently the top five economies in Asia. Moreover, Asia is the site

that the interchangeability of the Euro, USD, and GBP are heavily influenced by Asian central banks. Some economists in the western countries see this as a bad thing, prompting their respective governments to take action. According to the World Bank, China surpassed the United States and the European Union to become the world's largest economy by early 2015, followed by India. Both countries are expected to rank in the same positions between 2020 and 2040. Moreover, based on Hurun Report, for the first time in 2012 Asia surpassed North America in amount of billionaires. More than 40 percent or 608

Asia
world's largest economy during 0 BCE and 1000 BCE. China was the largest and most advanced economy on earth for much of recorded history, until the British Empire (excluding India) overtook it in the mid-19th century. For several decades in the late twentieth century Japan was the largest economy in Asia and second-largest of any single nation in the world, after surpassing the Soviet Union (measured in net material product) in 1986 and Germany in 1968. (NB: A number of supernational economies are larger, such as the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or APEC). This

Economy of Asia The economy of Asia comprises more than 4.5 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 49 different nation states. Six further states lie partly in Asia, but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically. Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. China, Japan, India, South Korea and Indonesia are currently the top five economies in Asia. Moreover, Asia is the site of some of the world's longest modern economic booms, starting from the Japanese economic miracle

Asia
ended in 2010 when China overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Japan's GDP was almost as large (current exchange rate method) as that of the rest of Asia combined. In 1995, Japan's economy nearly equaled that of the US as the largest economy in the world for a day, after the Japanese currency reached a record high of 79 yen/US$. Economic growth in Asia since World War II to the 1990s had been concentrated in Japan as well as the four regions of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore

Asia
India, Indonesia, Iraq, Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Asia has three main financial centers: Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore. Call centers and business process outsourcing (BPOs) are becoming major employers in India and the Philippines due to the availability of a large pool of highly skilled, English-speaking workers. The increased use of outsourcing has assisted the rise of India and the China as financial centers. Due to its large and extremely competitive information technology industry, India has become a major hub for outsourcing. In 2010, Asia had 3.3 million millionaires (people with net worth over US$1 million excluding their

"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)"
that the Pulaski character was not working. Season three saw further appearances for several recurring characters from the franchise, including John de Lancie as Q in ""Déjà Q"", Majel Barrett as Lwaxana Troi in ""Ménage à Troi"", who had both appeared in multiple episodes of previous seasons. It also featured an appearance by Mark Lenard as Sarek. Lenard had previously appeared in this role in the """" episode ""Journey to Babel"" as well as the film franchise. Denise Crosby, whose character Tasha Yar was killed in the episode ""Skin of Evil"", returned in ""Yesterday's Enterprise"" due to changes to the

"Star Trek: Enterprise (season 3)"
from an Alien super-weapon threat. On the third episode, the name of the series was changed from Enterprise to Star Trek: Enterprise. The third season embraces a heavily serialized format initially dedicated to the search for a Xindi superweapon. It focuses on the ""Enterprise"" NX-01's mission to prevent a second, more powerful Xindi attack from destroying Earth. It also explores and develops the early encounters between Humans, Vulcans and Andorians. Additionally, main characters such as Captain Archer, Commander Tucker and Sub-Commander T'Pol receive considerable development. In the following table, episodes are listed by the order in which they aired. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"
""USS Grissom"". Discovering an unexpected life form on the surface, Marcus and Saavik transport to the planet and find that the Genesis Device has resurrected Spock in the form of a child, although his mind is not present. When challenged by Saavik, Marcus admits that he used unstable ""protomatter"" in the development of the Genesis Device, causing Spock to age rapidly along with the planet, which will destroy itself in a matter of hours. Meanwhile, Commander Kruge (Christopher Lloyd), the captain of a Klingon Bird of Prey, intercepts information about Genesis. Believing the device to be potentially an ultimate weapon,

the end of season two, ""The Next Generation"" had risen to become the third most viewed series in its timeslot. ""Evolution"" opened the third season with Nielsen ratings 10.8 according to Nielsen Media Research. These were among the second lowest ratings of the season, with only the 23rd episode, ""Menage a Troi"", scoring lower with 9.1. Although other episodes received higher Nielsen ratings, they were ranked lower in comparison to other series in the same timeslot. ""The Bonding"" was ranked 6th, while ""The Vengeance Factor"" was ranked 5th. Following the latter, the series rose back to 3rd with only occasional

"Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"
Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation) ""Ensign Ro"" is the 103rd episode of the American science fiction television series """". The third episode of the . The crew is unsettled by the arrival of Ensign Ro, a disgraced Starfleet officer of Bajoran origin. Although Ro was previously court-martialed for disobeying orders on an away mission, resulting in the deaths of eight crew members, Starfleet admiral Kennelly has pardoned and assigned her to the ""Enterprise"". Her ostensible mission is to persuade Bajoran rebels to stop attacking and raiding Federation colonies. But Captain Picard soon learns that the rebels, displaced from

Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3) The third season of the American science fiction television series """" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 25, 1989 and concluded on June 18, 1990 after airing 26 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship ""Enterprise""-D. Season three featured the return of Gates McFadden as Dr. Beverly Crusher after she was replaced by Diana Muldaur for the . The season also saw the debut of several actors who would reappear in the same roles and others throughout

"Interface (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"
Interface (Star Trek: The Next Generation) ""Interface"" is the 155th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series """", the third episode of the . In this episode, Geordi La Forge uses an experimental interface to his VISOR to try to reach his missing mother, a Starfleet captain. At the beginning of the episode, Chief Engineer Geordi La Forge, Commander Data, and Chief Medical Officer Dr. Crusher are testing an interface which allows La Forge to use the VISOR-compatible circuitry in his brain, along with a virtual reality suit to control a probe by remote control. This way La

"The Next Phase"
The Next Phase ""The Next Phase"" is the 124th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series """", the 24th episode of the . In this episode, the ""Enterprise"" responds to a distress call from a Romulan science ship. Lieutenant Commander Geordi La Forge and Ensign Ro Laren are lost in a transporter accident when returning to the ""Enterprise"" with a faulty generator from the Romulan ship. As the Federation starship ""Enterprise"" responds to a distress call from a Romulan ship which has suffered an on-board explosion, Ensign Ro and Lieutenant Commander La Forge are seemingly lost in a

"The Survivors (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"
The Survivors (Star Trek: The Next Generation) ""The Survivors"" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series """", the 51st episode overall, first broadcast on October 9, 1989. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship ""Enterprise"". In this episode, the ""Enterprise"" reaches a Federation colony where all but two of the 11,000 inhabitants have been killed by a mysterious attacker. The two survivors, Kevin and Rishon Uxbridge, an elderly couple (played by John Anderson and Anne Haney), refuse assistance and do not want to be

character in the series, and go on to appear in several episodes of """" and the film """" (1996). Schultz had previously been known for his role as H. M. Murdock in the television series ""The A-Team"". Susan Gibney appeared as Dr. Leah Brahms in ""Booby Trap"", and would later return in that role in ""Galaxy's Child"". Gibney was also considered for the role of the Captain Janeway in ""Voyager"" and played Captain Erika Benteen in the ""Deep Space Nine"" episode """". An actor who later gained a recurring role in ""Deep Space Nine"" following an appearance the third season

what was the alliance between great britian russia and france known as

"Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731)"
Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731) The Anglo-French Alliance is the name for the alliance between Great Britain and France between 1716 and 1731. It formed part of the stately quadrille in which the Great Powers of Europe repeatedly switched partners to try to build a superior alliance. Following the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht, British and French interests converged as they wished to stop the expansion of Spanish and Russian power. Although British Whig politicians had attacked the Treaty of Utrecht under the slogan ""No Peace Without Spain"", given it seemingly placed Spain under

were on opposite sides during the War of the Austrian Succession and their colonial rivalry in North America continued. Some have suggested that between 1688 and 1815 Britain and France were 'natural enemies' and the period has become known as the Second Hundred Years' War, but the 17 years spent as allies has been used to challenge the theory that the two states were implacable enemies. Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731) The Anglo-French Alliance is the name for the alliance between Great Britain and France between 1716 and 1731. It formed part of the stately quadrille in which the Great Powers of

"Auld Alliance"
Auld Alliance The Auld Alliance (Scots for ""Old Alliance""; ; ) was an alliance made in 1295 between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. The alliance was formed for the purpose of controlling England's numerous invasions. The Scots word ""auld"", meaning ""old"", has become a partly affectionate term for the long-lasting alliance between the two countries. It remained until the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. The alliance played a significant role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 to 1560. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs

"Triple Alliance (1717)"
Triple Alliance (1717) The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. The three states were concerned about Spain becoming a superpower in Europe. As a result of this, militarisation took place, causing great havoc to civilians. This enraged Spain and other states, leading to brinkmanship. It became the Quadruple Alliance the next year with the accession of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI. After the deaths of Louis XIV and Queen Anne, relations between France and Great Britain improved. George I and

"Anglo-Austrian Alliance"
Austria, as the Austrians were seen as the only country with land forces that could match the French on the Continent. They received a boost when the greatest opponent of Austria, Lord Townshend was forced to resign from office in 1730. That cleared the way for a full rapprochement between London and Vienna and gave the Duke of Newcastle more control over British foreign policy. He was strongly convinced that an alliance with Austria was essential. In 1727, the Austrians had agreed to suspend the Ostend Company, whose overseas trading had been a constant source of tension with the British.

French control, they soon developed close relations with Paris having returned to power following the Hanoverian succession. France faced an uncertain succession, as their King Louis XV was currently young and childless. Britain was wary of alienating the much-larger France. The two states co-operated during the War of the Quadruple Alliance to stop a Spanish attempt to conquer parts of Italy. Shortly afterwards they managed to check the Russian advance across the Baltic. The birth of a Dauphin in 1729 began to dissolve the French interest in the alliance, as their future was increasingly secure. In Britain a group of

"Anglo-Portuguese Alliance"
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (or Aliança Luso-Britânica, ""Luso-British Alliance"", also known in Portugal as Aliança Inglesa, ""English Alliance""), ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386, between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal, may be the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force – with the earliest treaty dating back to the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 - although this claim is disputed by some historians who believe the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France, first signed in 1295, may still be in effect. Historically, the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of England, and

Austrophiles suggested that Austria would make a better potential partner for Britain. The actions of the French Chief Minister Cardinal Fleury were increasingly hostile towards Britain. The French failure to support the British during the Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729) convinced many that they were no longer a reliable ally but were instead returning to the traditional position of a rival. The end of the alliance was never formally declared, but by early 1731, it was widely considered to be over. In 1731, Britain, sensing the direction Cardinal Fleury was taking France, concluded an alliance with Austria. By 1742, Britain and France

Anglo-Austrian Alliance The Anglo-Austrian Alliance connected the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Habsburg Monarchy during the first half of the 18th century. It was largely the work of the British statesman Duke of Newcastle, who considered an alliance with Austria crucial to prevent the further expansion of French power. It lasted from 1731 to 1756 and formed part of the stately quadrille by which the Great Powers of Europe continually shifted their alliances to try to maintain the balance of power in Europe. Its collapse during the Diplomatic Revolution ultimately led to the Seven Years' War. In 1725 Austria

treaty was invoked several times: Today, as both countries are members of the NATO, their relations are largely coordinated through those institutions, rather than by the bilateral treaty. Anglo-Portuguese Alliance The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (or Aliança Luso-Britânica, ""Luso-British Alliance"", also known in Portugal as Aliança Inglesa, ""English Alliance""), ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386, between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal, may be the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force – with the earliest treaty dating back to the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 - although this claim is disputed by some historians who

"1972 National Society of Film Critics Awards"
– ""The Emigrants"" (9 points) 2. Marlon Brando – ""The Godfather"" (21 points) <br> 3. Peter O'Toole – ""The Ruling Class"" (13 points) <br> 4. Alec McCowen – ""Travels with My Aunt"" (9 points) 2. Harriet Andersson – ""Cries and Whispers"" (23 points) <br> 3. Bulle Ogier – ""La Salamandre"" and ""L'amour fou"" (20 points) <br> 4. Janet Suzman – ""A Day in the Death of Joe Egg"" (16 points) <br> 5. Liza Minnelli – ""Cabaret"" (9 points) 3. Robert Duvall – ""The Godfather"" (14 points) <br> 4. Barry Foster – ""Frenzy"" (13 points) 2. Ida Lupino – ""Junior Bonner""

(11 points) <br> 2. Susan Tyrrell – ""Fat City"" (11 points) <br> 4. Cybill Shepherd – ""The Heartbreak Kid"" (10 points) <br> 5. Harriet Andersson – ""Cries and Whispers"" (9 points) 2. Luis Buñuel and Jean-Claude Carrière – ""The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie"" (20 points) <br> 3. John Berger and Alain Tanner – ""La Salamandre"" (11 points) <br> 4. Jan Troell and Bengt Forslund – ""The Emigrants"" (9 points) <br> 4. Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo – ""The Godfather"" (9 points) 2. Vilmos Zsigmond – ""Images"" (25 points) <br> 3. Gordon Willis – ""The Godfather"" (22 points) <br>

"46th Academy Awards"
The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. 46th Academy Awards The 46th Academy Awards were presented on Tuesday, April 2, 1974, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. The ceremonies were presided over by Burt Reynolds, Diana Ross, John Huston, and David Niven. ""The Sting"" won 7 awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for George Roy Hill. ""The Exorcist"" and ""The Way We Were"" were the only other films to win multiple awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger (). The 46th Academy

"45th Academy Awards"
45th Academy Awards The 45th Academy Awards were presented Tuesday, March 27, 1973, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, honoring the best films of 1972. The ceremonies were presided over by Carol Burnett, Michael Caine, Charlton Heston, and Rock Hudson. The ceremony was marked by Marlon Brando's boycott of the Oscars and his sending of Sacheen Littlefeather to explain why he would not show up to collect his Best Actor award for ""The Godfather"", and by Charlie Chaplin's only competitive Oscar win for Best Original Dramatic Score for his 20-year-old film ""Limelight"", which was eligible because it

Haskell of ""The Village Voice"", Pauline Kael of ""The New Yorker"", Michael Korda of ""Glamour"", Arthur Knight of ""Saturday Review"", Thomas Meehan of ""Saturday Review"", William S. Pechter of ""Commentary"", Andrew Sarris of ""The Village Voice"", Richard Schickel of ""Life"", Bruce Williamson of ""Playboy"", and Paul D. Zimmerman of ""Newsweek"". 2. ""The Godfather"" (28 points) <br> 3. ""Cries and Whispers"" (25 points) <br> 4. ""The Emigrants"" (13 points) <br> 5. ""The Sorrow and the Pity"" (9 points) 2. Francis Ford Coppola – ""The Godfather"" (25 points) <br> 3. Ingmar Bergman – ""Cries and Whispers"" (24 points) <br> 4. Jan Troell

the music must be heard on the sound track to be eligible."" The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. ! Name !! Role 45th Academy Awards The 45th Academy Awards were presented Tuesday, March 27, 1973, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, honoring the best films of 1972. The ceremonies were presided over by Carol Burnett, Michael Caine, Charlton Heston, and Rock Hudson. The ceremony was marked by Marlon Brando's boycott of the Oscars and his sending of Sacheen Littlefeather to explain why he would not show up to collect

46th Academy Awards The 46th Academy Awards were presented on Tuesday, April 2, 1974, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. The ceremonies were presided over by Burt Reynolds, Diana Ross, John Huston, and David Niven. ""The Sting"" won 7 awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for George Roy Hill. ""The Exorcist"" and ""The Way We Were"" were the only other films to win multiple awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger (). The 46th Academy Awards ceremony is perhaps best remembered as the ceremony in which a streaker named

"1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards"
1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 11th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 4 January 1977, honored the best filmmaking of 1976. 1. All the President's Men<br> 2. ""Taxi Driver""<br> 3. ""The Memory of Justice"" 1. Martin Scorsese – ""Taxi Driver""<br> 2. Alan J. Pakula – ""All the President's Men""<br> 3. Éric Rohmer – ""The Marquise of O"" (""Die Marquise von O..."") 1. Robert De Niro – ""Taxi Driver""<br> 2. Gérard Depardieu – ""The Last Woman"" (""La dernière femme"")<br> 2. William Holden – ""Network"" 1. Sissy Spacek – ""Carrie""<br> 2. Faye Dunaway – ""Network""<br> 3. Liv

"1977 National Society of Film Critics Awards"
1977 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 12th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 19 December 1977, honored the best filmmaking of 1977. 1. Annie Hall<br> 2. ""That Obscure Object of Desire"" (""Cet obscur objet du désir"")<br> 3. ""Close Encounters of the Third Kind"" 1. Luis Buñuel – ""That Obscure Object of Desire (Cet obscur objet du désir"")<br> 2. Steven Spielberg – ""Close Encounters of the Third Kind""<br> 3. Woody Allen – ""Annie Hall"" 1. Art Carney – ""The Late Show""<br> 2. John Gielgud – ""Providence""<br> 3. Fernando Rey – ""That Obscure Object of Desire"" (""Cet obscur

"1970 National Society of Film Critics Awards"
""Newsweek"", Andrew Sarris of ""The Village Voice"", Richard Schickel of ""Life"", Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. of ""Vogue"", John Simon of ""The New Leader"", Bruce Williamson of ""Playboy"", and Paul D. Zimmerman of ""Newsweek"". ""M*A*S*H"" (27 points) 2. ""The Passion of Anna"" (25 points) <br> 3. ""The Wild Child"" (18 points) <br> 4. ""My Night at Maud's"" (16 points)<br> 5. ""Five Easy Pieces"" (10 points) Ingmar Bergman – ""The Passion of Anna"" (24 points) 2. François Truffaut – ""The Wild Child"" (20 points) <br> 3. Robert Altman – ""M*A*S*H"" (19 points) <br> 4. Luis Buñuel – ""Tristana"" (10 points) <br> 5.

how many times have the winter olympics been in the usa since 1924

well as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,

in the Nordic countries and Russia. In the latter it's considered a national sport. It was demonstrated at the Oslo Games. Ice stock sport, a German variant of curling, was demonstrated in 1936 in Germany and 1964 in Austria. The ski ballet event, later known as ski-acro, was demonstrated in 1988 and 1992. Skijöring, skiing behind dogs, was a demonstration sport in St. Moritz in 1928. A sled-dog race was held at Lake Placid in 1932. Speed skiing was demonstrated in Albertville at the 1992 Winter Olympics. Winter pentathlon, a variant of the modern pentathlon, was included as a demonstration

with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority. The original five Winter Olympics sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the IOC to place

event at the 1948 Games in Switzerland. It included cross-country skiing, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horse riding. The table below uses official data provided by the IOC. Bibliography Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded

Olympics, France, would host a separate ""International Winter Sports Week"" under the patronage of the IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this ""week"" (actually 11 days) of events. The Games proved to be a success when more than 250 athletes from 16 nations competed in 16 events. Athletes from Finland and Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations combined. Germany remained banned until 1925, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics). In 1925 the IOC decided to create a

competition at the age of 15. She became the youngest Olympic champion in history, a distinction she held for 70 years. The next Winter Olympics held in Lake Placid, New York, was the first to be hosted outside of Europe. Seventeen nations and 252 athletes participated. This was less than in 1928, as the journey to Lake Placid, United States, was long and expensive for most competitors, who had little money in the midst of the Great Depression. The athletes competed in fourteen events in four sports. Virtually no snow fell for two months before the Games, and there was

from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896, to 306 events with 11,238 competitors (6,179 men, 5,059 women) from 206 nations in 2016. The Summer Olympics has been hosted on five continents by a total of nineteen countries. The United States has hosted the Games four times (in 1904, 1932, 1984 and 1996); this is more times than any other nation. The Games have been held three times in the United Kingdom (in 1908, 1948 and 2012); twice each in Greece (1896, 2004), France (1900, 1924), Germany (1936, 1972) and Australia (1956, 2000);

Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,

"1924 Winter Olympics"
Summer Olympics would continue until 1992, after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began. Although Figure Skating had been an Olympic event in both London and Antwerp, and Ice Hockey had been an event in Antwerp, the winter sports had always been limited by the season. In 1921, at the convention of the IOC in Lausanne, there was a call for equality for winter sports, and after much discussion it was decided to organize an ""international week of winter sport"" in 1924 in Chamonix. The first gold medal awarded

"Data Protection Act 1998"
charge a fee if it thinks the request is ‘manifestly unfounded or excessive’. If so, it may ask for a reasonable fee for administrative costs associated with the request""."" Compliance with the Act is regulated and enforced by an independent authority, the Information Commissioner's Office, which maintains guidance relating to the Act. In January 2017 the Information Commissioner's Office invited public comments on the EU’s Article 29 Working Party's proposed changes to data protection law and the anticipated introduction of extensions to the interpretation of the Act, the Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation. Data Protection Act 1998 The

Data Protection Act 1998 The Data Protection Act 1998 (c 29) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. It enacted the EU Data Protection Directive 1995's provisions on the protection, processing and movement of data. Under the DPA 1998, individuals had legal rights to control information about themselves. Most of the Act did not apply to domestic use, for example keeping a personal address book. Anyone holding personal data for other purposes was legally obliged to comply with this Act, subject to some exemptions. The

telephone number or email address. The Act applies only to data which is held, or intended to be held, on computers ('equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose'), or held in a 'relevant filing system'. In some cases paper records may be classified as a 'relevant filing system', such as an address book or a salesperson's diary used to support commercial activities. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 modified the act for public bodies and authorities, and the ""Durant"" case modified the interpretation of the act by providing case law and precedent. A person who has

Act defined eight data protection principles to ensure that information was processed lawfully. It was superseded by the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) on 23 May 2018. The DPA 2018 supplements the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect on 25 May 2018. The GDPR regulates the collection, storage, and use of personal data significantly more strictly. The 1998 Act replaced the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987, and implemented the EU Data Protection Directive 1995. The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 altered the consent requirement for

"Data Protection Act, 2012"
controller has a duty to prevent the loss of, damage to, or unauthorized destruction of personal data, as well as the unlawful access to or unauthorized processing of personal data. The data controller must therefore adopt appropriate, reasonable, technical, and organizational means to take necessary steps to ensure the security of personal data in its possession or control. (Section 28(1)) The data controller is also required to take reasonable measures to identify and forestall any reasonably foreseeable risks, and ensure that any safeguards put in place are effectively implemented and updated continually. (Section 28(2)) The data controller must also observe

"General Data Protection Regulation"
and the liability of the data controller to implement effective measures and be able to demonstrate the compliance of processing activities even if the processing is carried out by a data processor on behalf of the controller (Recital 74). When data is collected, data subjects must be clearly informed about the extent of data collection, the legal basis for processing of personal data, how long data is retained, if data is being transferred to a third-party and/or outside the EU, and disclosure of any automated decision-making that is made on a solely algorithmic basis. Data subjects must be provided with

"National Data Guardian for Health and Care in England"
citizens’ care and to achieve better outcomes from health and care services"" As a non-regulatory body, the National Data Guardian does not issue or enforce sanctions; it works with existing regulators such as the Information Commissioner’s Office and the Care Quality Commission where this is required. A Private Members' Bill to place the National Data Guardian role on a statutory footing was introduced to the Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] in 2017. The Health and Social Care (National Data Guardian) Bill 2017-19 is sponsored by Member of Parliament Peter Bone. A consultation on the roles and functions of the National

place. (Chapter V). It is currently (August 2018) the UK Government's view that a 'legally-binding data protection agreement' between the EU and the UK would be more appropriate than an 'adequacy finding'. Such an agreement would include the UK Information Commissioner taking part in the 'one stop shop' mechanism and having a seat on the European Data Protection Board. General Data Protection Regulation The General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (""GDPR"") is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all individuals within the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). It also addresses the

an institution founded upon the religious or philosophical principles with respect to persons associated with that institution and is necessary to achieve the aims of the institution (Section 38(1)). Under the Act, a data subject has the right to have his personal data corrected (section 33), to access his personal data (section 35); to prevent the processing of personal data that causes or is likely to cause unwarranted damage or distress to him (section 39); to prevent processing of personal data for purposes of direct marketing (section 40); to require a data controller not to take a decision that would

"Data Protection Act 2018"
to the UK GDPR provisions. The Act has seven parts. These are outlined in Section 1: The Act introduces new offences that include knowingly or recklessly obtaining or disclosing personal data without the consent of the data controller, procuring such disclosure, or retaining the data obtained without consent. Selling, or offering to sell, personal data knowingly or recklessly obtained or disclosed would also be an offence. Essentially, the Act implements the EU Law Enforcement Directive, it implements those parts of the GDPR which 'are to be determined by Member State law' and it creates a framework similar to the GDPR

"Smoking ban"
or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose"". The earliest citywide European smoking bans were enacted shortly thereafter. Such bans were enacted in Bavaria, Kursachsen, and certain parts of Austria in the late 17th century. Smoking was banned in Berlin in 1723, in Königsberg in 1742, and in Stettin in 1744. These bans were repealed in the revolutions of 1848. The first building in the world to ban smoking was the Old Government Building in Wellington, New Zealand in 1876. This was over concerns

about the threat of fire, as it is the second largest wooden building in the world. In Canada, three provinces banned underage smoking: New Brunswick (1890), Ontario (1892), and Nova Scotia (1892). A similar federal ban was passed in 1908, as a compromise on total prohibition for all ages nationwide. By 1890, 26 American states banned sales to minors. Further restrictions were imposed over the next decade. Sale restrictions, including prohibition, were upheld by the Supreme Court in 1900. The first modern attempt at restricting smoking was imposed by the German government in every university, post office, military hospital, and

restaurants, in 1985, though it allowed smoking in areas that were separately ventilated. On 3 April 1987, the City of Beverly Hills, California, initiated an ordinance to restrict smoking in most restaurants, in retail stores and at public meetings. It exempted restaurants in hotels – City Council members reasoned that hotel restaurants catered to large numbers of visitors from abroad, where smoking is more acceptable than in the United States. In 1990, the city of San Luis Obispo, California, became the first city in the world to restrict indoor smoking in bars as well as restaurants. However, the ban did

"History of smoking"
as increased life expectancy during the 1920s made adverse health effects more noticeable. In 1929, Fritz Lickint of Dresden, Germany, published formal statistical evidence of a lung cancer–tobacco link, which subsequently led a strong anti-smoking movement in Nazi Germany. The subject remained largely taboo until 1954 with the British Doctors Study, and in 1964 United States Surgeon General's report. Tobacco became stigmatized, which led to the largest civil settlement in United States history, the Tobacco Master Settlement (MSA). Smoking has been practiced in one form or another since ancient times. Tobacco and various hallucinogenic drugs were smoked all over the

From 15 November 2013 on, smoking at working places, near and within the educational, cultural, sporting and healthcare organizations, in houses’ hallways, at railway stations and airports is to be punished with a fine from 500 to 1,500 roubles ($15 – 45.5). The management of organizations where the ban is violated will face tougher fines. From 1 June 2014 the list will be complemented with restaurants and bars, dormitories, hotels, long-haul trains, and the boarding platforms of suburban railway stations. No-smoking regulations came into effect in Scotland on 26 March 2006, in Wales on 2 April 2007, in Northern Ireland

"Smoking ban in England"
Smoking ban in England A smoking ban in England, making it illegal to smoke in all enclosed work places in England, came into force on 1 July 2007 as a consequence of the Health Act 2006. Similar bans had already been introduced by the rest of the United Kingdom: in Scotland on 26 March 2006, Wales on 2 April 2007 and Northern Ireland on 30 April 2007. Before the ban many businesses voluntarily introduced bans on smoking mainly as a result of public feedback. The pub chain Wetherspoons was the first major chain to introduce a complete ban on indoor

exposure to secondhand smoke."" One of the world's earliest smoking bans was a 1575 Roman Catholic Church regulation which forbade the use of tobacco in any church in Mexico. In 1604, King James I of England published an anti-smoking treatise, A Counterblaste to Tobacco, that had the effect of raising taxes on tobacco. The Ottoman Sultan Murad IV prohibited smoking in his empire in 1633 and had smokers executed. Pope Urban VII also prohibited smoking in the Church in 1590 followed by Urban VIII in 1624. Pope Urban VII threatened to excommunicate anyone who ""took tobacco in the porchway of

ban on smoking in all workplaces. In Norway, similar legislation was put into force on 1 June the same year. The Scottish ban on smoking in public areas was introduced on 26 March 2006 by the then Minister for Health and Community Care, Andy Kerr. Smoking was banned in all public places in the whole of the United Kingdom in 2007, when England became the final region to have the legislation come into effect (the age limit for buying tobacco was also raised from 16 to 18 on 1 October 2007). On 12 July 1999, a Division Bench of the

Nazi Party office, under the auspices of Karl Astel's Institute for Tobacco Hazards Research, created in 1941 under orders from Adolf Hitler. Major anti-tobacco campaigns were widely broadcast by the Nazis until the demise of the regime in 1945. In the latter part of the 20th century, as research on the risks of second-hand tobacco smoke became public, the tobacco industry launched ""courtesy awareness"" campaigns. Fearing reduced sales, the industry created a media and legislative programme that focused upon ""accommodation"". Tolerance and courtesy were encouraged as a way to ease heightened tensions between smokers and those around them, while avoiding

health from tobacco smoke and the consequences of smoking that introduced a ban on smoking in all closed public areas in compliance with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control took effect on 1 June 2013. At first smoking ban abusers were not fined - the mechanism was still under consideration. The law prohibits smoking at schools and universities, cultural and sporting organizations, beaches, stadiums, on playgrounds and in hospitals, in sanatoriums and at health resorts, inside the offices of public organizations and at filling stations. Smoking is banned aboard aircraft, on the subway and all kinds of public transport.

"Rooster Cogburn (film)"
Indians with liquor and gambling, who then killed an elderly missionary preacher who protested, Rev. George Goodnight (Jon Lormer) and a number of the local Indians. The Reverend's spinster daughter, Miss Eula Goodnight (Katharine Hepburn), wants to join Marshal Cogburn to track the criminals down, becoming his unwilling partner along with her student Wolf, the son of one of the deceased Indians, who aspires to be one of the first Indian lawmen and United States Marshal. Meanwhile, in a scuffle between two bandit men, one of them is wounded by a stab wound. The heavily loaded wagon's wheels also hit

Deschutes County west of Bend (for the mountain scenes), on the Deschutes River for the whitewater rapids, and on the Rogue River in the counties of Josephine and Curry, west of Grants Pass (for the river scenes). Smith Rock State Park, northeast of Redmond, was a setting as well; the Rockhard/Smith Rock Climbing Guides building at the park entrance was originally built as a set for the movie, where it was portrayed as ""Kate's Saloon."" John Wayne and Katharine Hepburn were both born in May 1907 (Hepburn the elder by two weeks), and their careers paralleled each other, yet this

"All the Best Cowboys Have Daddy Issues"
Pace (Dominic Monaghan) and Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) are missing. Jack and John Locke (Terry O'Quinn) run through the jungle to find three distinct footprints, indicating that Ethan took Charlie and Claire. Locke decides to go back to gather a hunting party, but Jack continues alone. Locke returns with Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder) and finds Jack. After they find a knuckle bandage left by Charlie as a clue, the party find two separate trails. Locke takes Boone in one direction, while Jack and Kate take the other. It soon turns out that Jack and

"Rooster Cogburn (character)"
killed after the first of the Rooster Cogburn film, as then it would have been 70 shot and 66 killed). He killed 23 in four years and 60 by eight, all of whom he claimed to have killed in self-defense, in the line of duty, or fleeing justice. In the 1969 film, Cogburn helped a headstrong 14-year-old girl, named Mattie Ross (Kim Darby), along with Texas Ranger LaBoeuf (Glen Campbell), to track down Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey), the man who drunkenly killed her father. In the sequel, he teamed up with elderly spinster Eula Goodnight (Katharine Hepburn) and an Indian

Rooster Cogburn (film) Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. ""Rooster"" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn character created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel ""True Grit"", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers

"Kathleen Nolan"
best known television role was as a co-star on the popular sitcom ""The Real McCoys"", playing Kate, the wife of Luke McCoy (Richard Crenna). On February 23, 1961, she was thrown from a horse and injured during the filming of an episode. She then missed four months of work and was ""in and out of the hospital many times"" before returning to the series to perform in the episode broadcast on June 15, 1961. Nolan left ""The Real McCoys"" prior to its final season (1962-1963). At the time, the series also switched networks from ABC to CBS. The time slot

"The Ranch (TV series)"
review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, """"The Ranch"" is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation"" and ""The goodness sneaks up on you."" ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote: ""[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."" The Ranch (TV series) The Ranch is an American sitcom web television series starring Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Debra Winger, Elisha Cuthbert, and Sam Elliott that debuted in

"Janeane Garofalo"
Janeane Garofalo Janeane Garofalo (; born September 28, 1964) is an American actress, stand-up comedian, and writer. Garofalo began her career as a stand-up comedian and became a cast member on ""The Ben Stiller Show"", ""The Larry Sanders Show"", and ""Saturday Night Live"", then appeared in more than 50 movies, with leading or major roles in ""The Truth About Cats and Dogs"", ""Wet Hot American Summer"", ""The Matchmaker"", ""Reality Bites"", ""Steal This Movie!"", ""Clay Pigeons"", ""Sweethearts"", ""Mystery Men"", and ""The Independent"", among numerous others. She has been a series regular on television programs such as """", ""24"", and ""Girlfriends' Guide

"June Carter Cash"
and Webb Pierce. While June Carter Cash may be best known for singing and songwriting, she was also an author, dancer, actress, comedian, philanthropist, and humanitarian. Director Elia Kazan saw her perform at the Grand Ole Opry in 1955 and encouraged her to study acting. She studied with Lee Strasberg and Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York. Her acting roles included Mrs. ""Momma"" Dewey in Robert Duvall's 1998 movie ""The Apostle"", Sister Ruth, wife to Johnny Cash's character Kid Cole, on ""Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"" (1993–97), and Clarise on ""Gunsmoke"" in 1957. June

boy named Wolf (Richard Romancito) while on the trail of the desperado, Hawk (Richard Jordan), who had stolen a shipment of nitroglycerin from the U.S. Army and killed family members of both Goodnight and Wolf. Cogburn lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas in the back of a Chinese dry-goods store, along with the proprietor, his friend and gambling buddy Chen Lee, and an orange tabby cat named after Confederate General Sterling Price for his entire life as a marshal. In the 2010 film, while Cogburn demonstrated a ruthless attitude towards the criminals and fugitives he pursued, he was generally very fair

"Walter Egan"
identified himself as a singer and songwriter. Host Chuck Woolery asked Egan to sing a bit from one of his songs, and he sang the main hook from ""Magnet and Steel"". Walter Egan Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single ""Magnet and Steel"" from his second album release, ""Not Shy"", produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on the Easy Listening chart. Overseas, it peaked at #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, Kent Music Report. Egan

Walter Egan Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single ""Magnet and Steel"" from his second album release, ""Not Shy"", produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on the Easy Listening chart. Overseas, it peaked at #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, Kent Music Report. Egan was born in Queens, New York, United States. In 1970, as a sculpture major, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. as one of

Steelo
Steelo ""Steelo"" is the hit debut song by American R&B group 702 recorded for the group's debut album ""No Doubt"" (1996). The song, which features hip hop artist Missy Elliott, was released as the first single for the album on August 27, 1996. The song peaked at #32 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. By February 1997 it was certified gold in sales by the RIAA, after sales exceeding 500,000 copies in the United States. The song contains a sample of The Police's ""Voices Inside My Head."" An alternate version of this song serves as the intro music for the

Steelo
90's Nickelodeon TV show ""Cousin Skeeter"". The song peaked at thirty-two on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and reached the twelfth spot on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop singles chart. The single was certified gold in February 1997. The official music video for the song was directed by Brian Luvar. Information taken from Discogs. Steelo ""Steelo"" is the hit debut song by American R&B group 702 recorded for the group's debut album ""No Doubt"" (1996). The song, which features hip hop artist Missy Elliott, was released as the first single for the album on August 27, 1996. The song peaked at #32

"Magnetic (Earth, Wind & Fire song)"
Magnetic (Earth, Wind & Fire song) ""Magnetic"" is a single by R&B/funk band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in 1983 by Columbia Records. The single reached No. 10 on the ""Billboard"" R&B Singles chart and No. 36 on the Dance Club Play chart. Magnetic was written by Martin Page and produced by Maurice White for Kalimba Productions. A music video was also released in 1983 to accompany the single. As well the music video has been acclaimed by the webzine io9. Cashbox described Magnetic as an ""elemental aggregation"" which ""bursts with a fresh energetic verve"" with ""a hot electric guitar"".

"Magnets (song)"
Magnets (song) ""Magnets"" is a song by British electronic duo Disclosure featuring vocals from New Zealand singer Lorde. It was written by Howard Lawrence, Guy Lawrence, Lorde and produced by James Napier and Disclosure. The single was released on 23 September 2015, by PMR Records and Island Records, as the fourth single from their studio album ""Caracal"" (2015). Critics noted that the song had a different sound from the duo's debut album ""Settle"" (2013) and was compared to Lorde's work on ""Tennis Court"" (2013). ""Magnets"" is an atmospheric electropop song with influences of techno-pop along with electronic beats, clattering percussion

"Strong as Steel (song)"
(1990). Strong as Steel (song) ""Strong as Steel"" is the name of a 1987 hit single by British pop group Five Star, the second release from their third album, ""Between The Lines"". The single peaked at #16 in the UK. The song was written by songwriter Diane Warren, who has also written hit songs for Cher, Gloria Estefan, Tina Turner, Celine Dion, Tina Arena and Michael Bolton. 7"" single and 7"" posterbag 12"" single PT41566 and cassette single 12"" single PT41566(R) Australian singer Tina Arena released her version of the song as a single from her first album ""Strong as

at the 2016 Coachella festival. Credits adapted from the liner notes of ""Caracal"" and ""Tidal"". Recording and management Personnel Magnets (song) ""Magnets"" is a song by British electronic duo Disclosure featuring vocals from New Zealand singer Lorde. It was written by Howard Lawrence, Guy Lawrence, Lorde and produced by James Napier and Disclosure. The single was released on 23 September 2015, by PMR Records and Island Records, as the fourth single from their studio album ""Caracal"" (2015). Critics noted that the song had a different sound from the duo's debut album ""Settle"" (2013) and was compared to Lorde's work on

Strong as Steel (song) ""Strong as Steel"" is the name of a 1987 hit single by British pop group Five Star, the second release from their third album, ""Between The Lines"". The single peaked at #16 in the UK. The song was written by songwriter Diane Warren, who has also written hit songs for Cher, Gloria Estefan, Tina Turner, Celine Dion, Tina Arena and Michael Bolton. 7"" single and 7"" posterbag 12"" single PT41566 and cassette single 12"" single PT41566(R) Australian singer Tina Arena released her version of the song as a single from her first album ""Strong as Steel""

The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. ""The Curse of Oak Island"" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through their efforts to find the speculated treasure or historical artifacts believed to be on Oak Island. The series discusses the history of the island, recent discoveries, theories, and prior attempts to investigate the site. Areas

of interest include the ""Money Pit"", Borehole 10-x, Smith's Cove, ""Nolan's Cross"", the ""Hatch"", the ""Watchtower"" and the ""Swamp"". The Lagina brothers became fascinated with the island after reading the January 1965 issue of ""Reader's Digest"" magazine that features an article on the Restall family's work to investigate the so-called ""Money Pit"". Marty and his brother Rick obtained a controlling interest in Oak Island Tours, which reportedly owns most of the island. The brothers were later approached by Prometheus Entertainment to do a reality show. Rick and Marty have engaged the assistance of father-and-son Dan and Dave Blankenship, permanent residents

"Oak Island"
known as the Money Pit, a formation of boulders called Nolan's Cross, the beach at Smith's Cove, and a triangle-shaped swamp. The Money Pit area has been repeatedly excavated; critics argue that there is no treasure and that the Money Pit is a natural phenomenon. More than fifty books have been published recounting the island's history and exploring competing theories. Several works of fiction have been based upon the Money Pit, including ""The Money Pit Mystery"", ""Riptide"", ""The Hand of Robin Squires"", and ""Betrayed: The Legend of Oak Island"". In January 2014, the History Channel aired ""The Curse of Oak

"Oak Island (North Carolina)"
hurricanes (Bertha, Fran, Bonnie, and Floyd) made landfall and had significant effects on the area. More recently, in October 2016, the eye of Hurricane Matthew passed almost directly over the town inflicting extensive damage to the dune system, and in September 2108, Hurricane Florence caused severe flooding and wind damage in addition to washing away most of the beach sand added earlier in the year. Primarily a family beach type locale, the island also provides many other types of recreational activity. The Oak Island Golf Club course and its related practice facilities are open to the public and an outdoor

"Shutter Island (film)"
Lehane who sold it to Phoenix Pictures. Phoenix hired Laeta Kalogridis and together they developed the film for a year. Director Martin Scorsese and actor Leonardo DiCaprio were both attracted to the project. Production began on March 6, 2008. Lehane's inspiration for the hospital and island setting was Long Island in Boston Harbor, which he had visited during the Blizzard of 1978 as a child with his uncle and family. ""Shutter Island"" was mainly filmed in Massachusetts, with Taunton being the location for the World War II flashback scenes. Old industrial buildings in Taunton's Whittenton Mills Complex replicated the Dachau

island. While Native Americans most likely used the island for fishing, the first permanent settlement took place in the 1830s on the island's east end at Fort Caswell. Now utilized as a Christian retreat and conference center, during the Civil War the fort defended Confederate positions on the North Carolina coast and subsequently served as an army training ground in World War I and a patrol/ communications base in World War II. In 2013, along with the Fort Caswell Rifle Range constructed during WWI in Caswell Beach, it was designated as a National Historic District. In the early 1800s, in

Island"", a documentary series about a group of modern treasure hunters led and funded by two brothers, Rick and Marty Lagina, who purchased the majority of Oak Island in 2006. Oak Island Oak Island is a privately owned island in Lunenburg County on the south shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. The tree-covered island is one of about 360 small islands in Mahone Bay and rises to a maximum of above sea level. The island is located from shore and connected to the mainland by a causeway and gate. The island is best known for various theories about possible buried treasure

"Oak Island, North Carolina"
the early 19th century; Fort Caswell was built on its eastern end in 1838. The remainder of the island was developed beginning in the late 1930s, attracting people from nearby Southport. Fox hunting was popular in the northern area near the Intracoastal Waterway. The island was nearly wiped out by Hurricane Hazel in 1954; only five buildings were left standing on Long Beach in the hurricane's wake. The island quickly recovered, and the towns of Long Beach and Yaupon Beach were incorporated in 1955. Other hurricanes, such as Diana in 1984, Bertha and Fran in 1996 and Floyd in 1999,

"Oak Island Light"
to the National Register of Historic Places. A major exterior rehabilitation of the structure was completed in 2016 by the International Chimney Corporation (the same company that moved the Cape Hatteras Light). Costing slightly less than $100,000, it was notable for the fact that it was funded entirely by contributions. Built in 1957-58 by Brinkley, W.F. & Son Construction Co. located in Granite Quarry NC at a cost of $110,000, it was one off the last lighthouses constructed in the US. It rests on 24 pilings driven 67' deep to bedrock which are 10"" round, filled with concrete and capped

"Illinois Attorney General"
fulfill the duties of the office was Daniel Pope Cook who only served eleven days, and was later elected to the United States Congress. Cook County was named in his honor. The current holder of the office is Lisa Madigan. Illinois Attorney General The Illinois Attorney General is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States. Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by election through universal suffrage. Based in Chicago and Springfield, Illinois, the Attorney General is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies including the Governor of

"Chief Justice of the United States"
Chief Justice of the United States The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and as such the highest-ranking officer of the federal judiciary. The Constitution grants plenary power to the President of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a chief justice, who serves until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die. The Chief Justice has significant influence in the selection of cases for review, presides when oral arguments are held, and leads the discussion of cases among

made a total of 22 official nominations to the position. The salary of the chief justice is set by Congress; the current (2018) annual salary is $267,000, which is slightly higher than that of associate justices, which is $255,300. The practice of appointing an individual to serve as chief justice is grounded in tradition; while the Constitution mandates that there be a chief justice, it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom. There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and

Illinois Attorney General The Illinois Attorney General is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States. Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by election through universal suffrage. Based in Chicago and Springfield, Illinois, the Attorney General is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies including the Governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, and conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state. The office of the Illinois Attorney General was established on December 3, 1818 based on guidelines adopted by a state constitutional convention. The first person to

Court commission contained the modified title was Melville Fuller in 1888. The associate justices' title was not altered in 1866, and remains as originally created. The chief justice, like all federal judges, is nominated by the President and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they ""shall hold their Offices during good Behavior"". This language means that the appointments are effectively for life, and that, once in office, justices' tenure ends only when they die, retire, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Since 1789, 15 presidents have

"Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States"
Constitution requires the President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation, requires Justices to be appointed. This was for the division of power between the President and Senate by the founders, who wrote: he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court... Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering

"Supreme Court of Illinois"
Supreme Court of Illinois The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the state of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: Three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected for a term of ten years and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term. The court has limited original jurisdiction and

"Judiciary of Illinois"
a term of ten years, with the remaining judges having been appointed by the Supreme Court. Members of the Supreme Court also have the authority to elevate trial judges to the appellate court on a temporary basis. There are two kinds of judges in the circuit court: circuit judges and associate judges. Circuit judges are elected for six years, may be retained by voters for additional six-year terms, and can hear any kind of case. Circuit judges are elected on a circuit-wide basis or from the county where they reside. In the Circuit Court of Cook County, which contains Chicago

and deliberate. Accordingly, the Illinois Supreme Courthouse includes temporary apartments for the justices' use while in Springfield. Supreme Court of Illinois The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the state of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: Three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected for a term of ten years and the chief justice is elected

Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States The appointment and confirmation of Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States involves several steps set forth by the United States Constitution, which have been further refined and developed by decades of tradition. Candidates are nominated by the President of the United States and must face a series of hearings in which both the nominee and other witnesses make statements and answer questions before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which can vote to send the nomination to the full United States Senate. Confirmation by the Senate allows the

"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)"
Good for the young at heart, irritating for everyone else."" It is the highest rated of the series. On Metacritic it has a score of 51 based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". The film opened in North America on March 30, 1990, coming in at #1 at the box office over the weekend, with more than $25 million. The film turned out to be a huge success at the box office, eventually making over $135 million in North America, and over $66 million outside North America, for a worldwide total of over $200 million, making

"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"
""Daredevil"" and ""New Mutants"", Dave Sim’s ""Cerebus"", and Frank Miller’s ""Ronin"". The ""TMNT"" comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984. The Turtles started their rise to mainstream success when a licensing agent, Mark Freedman, sought out Eastman and Laird to propose wider merchandising opportunities for the franchise. In 1986, Dark Horse Miniatures produced a set of 15-mm (approximately 0.6 inch) lead figurines. In January 1987, Eastman and Laird visited the offices of Playmates Toys, a small California toy company that wanted to expand into the action-figure market. Development was undertaken by

linens, towels, cameras, and toy shaving kits. While the animated TV series, which lasted for 10 seasons until 1996, was more light-hearted, the comic-book series continued in a much darker and grittier tone. In 1990, a live-action feature film was released, with the Turtles and Splinter being portrayed by actors in partially animatronic suits created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The film became one of the most successful independent films and spawned two sequels, as well as inspiring a three-dimensional animated film set in the same continuity, which was released in 2007 under the title ""TMNT"". After the end of

Platinum Dunes, Nickelodeon Movies, and Paramount Pictures, directed by Jonathan Liebesman, and produced by Michael Bay, was released on August 8, 2014. Eastman and Laird's ""Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"" premiered in May 1984, at a comic book convention held at a local Sheraton Hotel in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It was published by Mirage Studios in an oversized magazine-style format using black and white artwork on cheap newsprint, limited to a print run of only 3,250 copies. Through a clever media kit that included a press release in The Comics Journal #89 and a full-page ad placed in ""Comic Buyer's Guide

"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)"
a distinctive body figure resembling their personalities and physicality. According to effects supervisor Pablo Helman, “Donatello is more like a basketball player, Raph is more like a football player and Mikey is a very short Messi and plays soccer.” The film's score was composed by Brian Tyler. The soundtrack was released by Atlantic Records on August 5, 2014. The release date was moved around several times until it was set for August 8, 2014. The film premiered on July 29, 2014, in Mexico City. Premiere events also occurred in Los Angeles and New York City. On September 12, 2014, the

to keep the water out. In order to make the sewer authentic, a tide-mark was given, and it was covered with brick, plaster and stucco paint to give the walls a realistic look. The turtles were created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop in London. Jim Henson said that the creatures were the most advanced that he had ever worked with. The creatures were first made out of fiberglass, and then remolded out of clay. They were produced as molds to cast the whole body in foam rubber latex. The work at the Shop was completed within 18 weeks. Many major

license given the franchise's recent moves closer to its roots. The franchise generated merchandise sales of in 1988 and in 1989. By 1994, it was the most merchandisable franchise, having generated a total revenue of in merchandise sales up until then. During the run of the 1987 TV series, Playmates Toys produced hundreds of TMNT action figures, along with vehicles, playsets, and accessories, becoming one of the top collectibles for children. Staff artists at Northampton, Massachusetts-based Mirage Studios provided conceptual designs for many of the figures, vehicles, and playsets and creator credit can be found in the legal text printed

highest point in popularity, it was published in over 250 newspapers. When little-known Playmates Toys was approached about producing a TMNTs action figure line, they were cautious of the risk and requested that a television deal be acquired first. On December 28, 1987, the TMNT's first cartoon series began, starting as a five-part miniseries and becoming a regular Saturday-morning syndicated series on October 1, 1988, with 13 more episodes. The series was produced by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson Film Productions, Inc. (later Fred Wolf Films). Mirage Studios does not own the rights to this cartoon series. The show places a much stronger emphasis

of the production took place in North Carolina, with a couple of location shoots in New York City during the summer of 1989 to capture famous landmark areas, such as Times Square, the Empire State Building, and the Hudson River. Filming in North Carolina took place at the North Carolina Film Studios, where New York rooftop sets were created. Production designer Roy Forge Smith and his art director, Gary Wissner, went to New York City four months prior to filming and took still photographs of rooftops and other various locations. While in NYC, Smith and Wissner were allowed to explore

it the ninth highest-grossing film of 1990 worldwide. The film was also nominated for awards by The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. In 1990, the film was released to VHS and reached No. 4 in the home video market. The film was released to DVD in Region 1 on September 3, 2002; it includes only minor special features, such as a trailer and interactive menus. The film was also released in the MiniDVD format. On August 11, 2009, the film was included in a special 25th anniversary box set (25th anniversary of the original comic book, not

"The Path (TV series)"
with influences from kibbutz living, collective farming, and production designer Russell Barnes's experiences being raised on an island with limited resources. The two-story Lane home was built on a sound-stage. Almost all of the Peru scenes were shot in the area, including a New York state park used for a mountaintop scene with subtropical plants concealing uncleared snow. The City Center is ""played"" by the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex. The New Brunswick scenes in ""Mercy"" were filmed in Greenport, Long Island. Jean-Paul's palatial home and estate in ""The Gardens of Giverny"" were ""played"" by the

from 1R to 10R, with many decisions made by the senior membership or Upper Rungs (U.R.). Meyerists practice meditation and use biofeedback devices and drugs—including ayahuasca and cannabis—to aid in reaching deeper levels of consciousness, and put considerable stock in visions and intuition which are believed to be The Light trying to communicate with them. A ""Vanity Fair"" analysis of the show's first episode described Meyerism as ""inspired by a grab bag of religious practices and cult beliefs"". The show's creator, Jessica Goldberg, specifically refutes comparisons to Scientology. The Meyerist compound was shot on location at Nyack, New York, redressed

premiered on January 25, 2017. On April 12, 2017, Hulu renewed the series for a 13-episode third season, which premiered on January 17, 2018. On April 23, 2018, Jessica Goldberg announced via Twitter that ""The Path"" will not be renewed for a fourth season. Eddie Lane lives in Upstate New York with his wife Sarah and their two children, Hawk and Summer. They are all members of the Meyerist Movement, which combines aspects of New Age philosophy, shamanism, Scientology, Christian mysticism and Utopianism with a few elements from the Shakers, Sufism, Tibetan Buddhism and Freemasonry ritual. Eddie returns from Peru,

"The Road"
stars Viggo Mortensen as the man and Kodi Smit-McPhee as the boy. Production took place in Louisiana, Oregon, and several locations in Pennsylvania. The film, like the novel, received generally positive reviews from critics. The Road The Road is a 2006 novel by American writer Cormac McCarthy. It is a post-apocalyptic novel detailing the journey of a father and his young son over a period of several months, across a landscape blasted by an unspecified cataclysm that has destroyed most of civilization and, in the intervening years, almost all life on Earth. The novel was awarded the 2007 Pulitzer Prize

The Path (TV series) The Path is an American drama web television series created by Jessica Goldberg and starring Aaron Paul, Michelle Monaghan, and Hugh Dancy. The show portrays members of a fictional religion known as Meyerism. The series was ordered by Hulu in March 2015 with a straight 10-episode order. The series was originally titled ""The Way"", but was changed to ""The Path"" in September 2015 due to its similarity to real-life ministry and alleged cult, The Way International. The show debuted on March 30, 2016. On May 4, 2016, Hulu renewed the series for a second season, which

abruptly told that his contract would not be renewed. Speaking about it with ""The Hollywood Reporter"", he called the decision ""not a healthy way to do business"". The Path (TV series) The Path is an American drama web television series created by Jessica Goldberg and starring Aaron Paul, Michelle Monaghan, and Hugh Dancy. The show portrays members of a fictional religion known as Meyerism. The series was ordered by Hulu in March 2015 with a straight 10-episode order. The series was originally titled ""The Way"", but was changed to ""The Path"" in September 2015 due to its similarity to real-life

Pilchuck High School. Episode 2 referred to the shooting in order to develop Sean's backstory. The insult, they say, was that the show's writers changed the real events by giving the shooting a racial motive (the character stated that the shooting was due to ""the color of their skin""). Tulalip Native American student Jaylen Fryberg's murder-suicide was personally motivated, and did not involve African Americans. , Hulu and the writers of the show had made no response to this. In April 2017, following the announcement that Hulu had picked up the show for a third season, actor Rockmond Dunbar was

"The Road"
way it is a love story for his son, but McCarthy felt embarrassed to admit it on television. In 2006, McCarthy was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in fiction and the Believer Book Award and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction. On April 16, 2007, the novel was awarded the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In 2012, it was shortlisted for the Best of the James Tait Black. A film adaptation of the novel, directed by John Hillcoat and written by Joe Penhall, opened in theatres on November 25, 2009. The film

where he had undergone a spiritual retreat designed to advance him further up Meyerism's spiritual ladder. Unbeknownst to his family, while in Peru, Eddie experienced a revelation which causes him to question his faith in Meyerism. Meanwhile, Cal Roberts, a friend of Sarah's and one of Meyerism's top leaders, is looking to expand their influence and deal with the imminent death of their founder, Doctor Stephen Meyer. Meyerism is a fictional movement in the series founded by Dr. Stephen Meyer. In the show's mythology, on October 28, 1974, Meyer literally climbed a ladder of burning light atop Huayna Picchu to

whose selfish actions will result in an apocalypse; but those who ascend The Ladder of Enlightenment will live forever in The Garden. The Movement claims 6000 members with facilities located in San Diego, California, and Parksdale, New York, with a retreat center located in Cusco, Peru. Most practice Meyerism in everyday lives, while others have taken vows of service and dedicate themselves to counseling, recruitment and outreach programs. However, founder Stephen Meyer warned against media attention, that the movement should remain small and publicity should be kept to a minimum. Spiritual progress is evaluated on an ascending series of rungs

"Corn Belt"
land, deep fertile soils, and a high organic soil concentration. As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota, accounting for more than half of the corn growth in the United States. On account of new agricultural technology developments between 1860 and 1970, the Corn Belt went from producing mixed crops and livestock into becoming an area focused strictly on wheat-cash planting. After 1970, increased crop and meat production required an export outlet, but global recession and a strong dollar reduced exports and created serious problems even for the best farm managers. In 1956, former

Vice President Henry A. Wallace, a pioneer of hybrid seed, declared that the Corn Belt has developed the ""most productive agricultural civilization the world has ever seen"". Most corn grown today is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop. By 1950, 99% of corn has been grown from hybrids. In 1997, the USEPA published its report on United States' ecoregions, in part based on ""land use"". Its ""Level III"" region classification contains three contiguous ""Corn Belt"" regions, Western (47), Central (54), and Eastern (55),

Corn Belt The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. More generally, the concept of the ""Corn Belt"" connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture. There is lack of consensus regarding the constituents of the Corn Belt, although it often includes: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri. It also sometimes includes: South Dakota, North Dakota, all of Ohio, Wisconsin, all of Michigan, and Kentucky. The region is characterized by level

stretching from Indiana to eastern Nebraska. Corn Belt The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. More generally, the concept of the ""Corn Belt"" connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture. There is lack of consensus regarding the constituents of the Corn Belt, although it often includes: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri. It also sometimes includes: South Dakota, North Dakota, all of Ohio, Wisconsin, all of Michigan, and Kentucky.

"Corn production in the United States"
was undertaken by Meriwether Lewis in 1804, the immigrant settlers had already spread its growth in many parts of the country due to its suitability in varying climatic and soil conditions. Once the suitability of land in the central part of the country, the Midwestern United States, was scientifically established by Lewis and Clark, settlers moved to the area in large numbers, and started reaping large corn crops. Over the centuries, the crop varieties underwent changes to get better yields, while farming methods were improved. As a result, the fertile belt soon came to be known as ""the Corn Belt"".

Maize
the rest of the world because of its ability to grow in diverse climates. It was cultivated in Spain just a few decades after Columbus's voyages and then spread to Italy, West Africa and elsewhere. The word ""maize"" derives from the Spanish form of the indigenous Taíno word for the plant, ""mahiz"". It is known by other names around the world. The word ""corn"" outside North America, Australia, and New Zealand refers to any cereal crop, its meaning understood to vary geographically to refer to the local staple. In the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, ""corn"" primarily means

Corn production in the United States The production of corn (""Zea mays mays"", also known as ""maize"") plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The US is the largest corn producer in the world, with of land reserved for corn production. Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois. Approximately 13% of its annual yield is exported.<ref name=""2014/2015Statistic"">http://www.grains.org/buyingselling/corn</ref> Corn spread across North America a few thousand years ago. The original corn plant known as teosinte is still grown in Mexico. Newer varieties are much larger, due to plant breeding efforts of Native

"Corn fritter"
the oil can be heated to high temperatures. European settlers learned recipes and processes for corn dishes from Native Americans, and soon devised their own cornmeal-based variations of European breads made from grains available on that continent. The corn fritter probably was invented in the Southern United States, whose traditional cuisine contains a lot of deep fried foods, none more famous perhaps than Southern fried chicken. On the other side of the world, maize seeds from the Americas were introduced into Southeast Asia in the late 16th century through Spanish and Portuguese traders. The plant thrived in the tropical climate

"Corn nut"
Corn nut Corn nuts, also known as toasted corn, corn bits or quicos, are a snack food made of roasted or deep-fried corn kernels. In parts of South America, including Peru and Colombia, it is referred to as cancha. Corn nuts are prepared by soaking whole corn kernels in water for three days, then deep-frying them in oil until they are hard and brittle. The kernels are soaked because they shrink during the harvesting and cleaning process, and rehydration returns them to their original size. Albert Holloway of Oakland, California introduced corn nuts to the United States in 1936. He

"Peruvian corn"
Peruvian corn Choclo, also referred to as Peruvian corn or Cuzco corn (after the capital city of the Inca empire), is a large-kernel variety of field corn from the Andes. It is consumed in parts of Central America and South America, especially in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. As field corn, it is not generally regarded in industrialized societies as desirable for human food without commercial pre-processing. When compared to sweet corn, the kernels are larger and chewier and have a starchy, hefty texture, rather than a sweet taste. The taste and appearance are somewhat similar to hominy. Choclo is

"Corporate tax"
one should also take into account the taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. For example, the overall U.S. tax on corporate profits of 35% is less than or similar to that of European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, which have lower corporate tax rates but higher taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. Corporate tax rates across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are shown in the table. Rates within the OECD vary from a low of 8.5% in Switzerland to a high of 34.43% in France, since the United States had recently decreased

"Corporate haven"
while using OECD-whitelisted and , which don't file public accounts, to still enable the corporate to avoid taxes, not just in the corporate haven, but in all operating countries that have tax treaties with the haven. While the ""headline"" corporate tax rate in corporate havens is always above zero (e.g. Netherlands at 25%, U.K. at 19%, Singapore at 17%, and Ireland at 12.5%), the ""effective"" tax rate (ETR) of international corporations, net of the BEPS tools, is closer to zero. Estimates of lost annual taxes to corporate havens range from $100 to $250 billion. To increase respectability, and access to

"The World's Billionaires"
mogul Carlos Slim slipped down from last year's second position to fourth. Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and Michael Bloomberg of Bloomberg L.P., appear for the first time on the Forbes top 10 billionaires list, coming at fifth, sixth and eighth position, respectively. Zuckerberg became the youngest top 10 billionaire this year at the age of 31. Larry Ellison, Charles Koch and David Koch also slipped down from their last year's positions, with Ellison dropping to seventh from fifth and the Kochs falling to ninth position from sixth, respectively. In the 29th annual ""Forbes"" list of global

of 565. China had 319 (not including Hong Kong or Macau), Germany had 114, and India had the fourth most with 101; India had reached over 100 billionaires for its first time. For the third year in a row, Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by Forbes's 2016 list of the world's billionaires. This is the 17th time that the founder of Microsoft has claimed the top spot. Amancio Ortega rose from last year's position of number four to second. Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway came in third for the second consecutive time, while Mexican telecommunication

the top. Gates remained in second, while Amancio Ortega moved up to third. Ortega's gain of $19.5 billion was the largest of anyone on the list. Warren Buffett failed to make the top three for the first time since 2000, placing fourth. Diesel founder Renzo Rosso was among the top newcomers, debuting with an estimate net worth of $3 billion. A global rise in asset prices, led ""Forbes"" editor Randall Lane to declare ""It [was] a very good year to be a billionaire"". However, it was not a good year to be Eike Batista who fell from seventh to 100th,

list after a gap of five years. Guatemala had a billionaire, Mario Lopez Estrada, for the first time in its history. Gates added $9 billion to his fortune since 2013 and topped the ""Forbes"" 2014 billionaire list. He has topped the list 15 of the previous 20 years, but his previous number one ranking was in 2009. Mexican telecommunication mogul Carlos Slim came in second place after being number one the previous four years. Zara founder Amancio Ortega placed third for the second consecutive year. American investor Warren Buffett was in the top five for the 20th consecutive year, placing

corporations, i.e. those organized within the country, on their worldwide income, and nonresident, foreign corporations only on their income from sources within the country. Hong Kong taxes resident and nonresident corporations only on income from sources within the country. Corporate tax rates generally are the same for differing types of income, yet the US graduated its tax rate system where corporations with lower levels of income pay a lower rate of tax, with rates varying from 15% on the first $50,000 of income to 35% on incomes over $10,000,000, with phase-outs. The Canadian system imposes tax at different rates for

"World taxation system"
all trusts would raise at least US$ 600 billion per year (that's 1% of total world market capitalization, which in 2012 is about US$ 60 trillion). About half of that amount, about 300 billion per year, corresponds to the total developmental budget goal of 0.7% GNP of industrialised countries (see Millennium Development Goals), which would enable poorer countries cross the threshold of economic competitivity in 15–20 years (cf. Jeffrey Sachs: The End of Poverty). Some 300 billion per year would also be necessary to limit global warming to +2 degrees Celsius and finance recovery from more frequent climate disasters. Expensive

"Corporate accountability for human rights violations"
on Business and Human Rights. With the potential exception for redress under the Alien Tort Statute corporations are only legally accountable for human rights violations under the municipal law of the Nation in which the violation is alleged to have occurred or the company is based. Multinational corporations emerged in the 1990s as one of the most significant challenges to the dominance of states in the social and economic international order. In 2013 37 of the top 100 economies in the world were corporations, with Wal-Mart Stores annual revenue exceeding the GDP of all but the top 27 states in

"Tax policy and economic inequality in the United States"
Americans, via the Gini Coefficient, as 15.9:1. The ratio of average income for the top 20% to the bottom 20% in the same year and using the same index was 8.4:1. According to these UN statistics, the United States has the third highest disparity between the average income of the top 10% and 20% to the bottom 10% and bottom 20% of the population, respectively, of the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Only Chile and Mexico have larger average income disparities between the top 10% and bottom 10% of the population with 26:1 and 23:1, respectively. Consequently,

"Oklahoma Territory"
a marshal. President Benjamin Harrison appointed George Washington Steele, a Republican from Indiana, as the first territorial governor. The Organic Act called for the establishment of a bicameral Territorial Legislative Assembly composed of a Territorial Council, the upper house of the assembly, and Territorial House of Representatives, the lower house of the assembly. The assembly could only create laws consistent with the Constitution of the United States and the Organic Act, but did not require the consent of Congress to take effect. They had the same force of law, as did a law passed by a regular state government. Laws

"George Washington Steele"
George Washington Steele George Washington Steele (December 13, 1839July 12, 1922) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician who twice served as a Congressman for Indiana, from 1881 to 1889 and again from 1895 to 1903. Steele was also the first Governor of Oklahoma Territory and was instrumental in developing the state's public education system and its two largest universities. Steele was born to Asbury and Marie Louise Steele in Fayette County, Indiana, on December 13, 1839. He received an education from Indiana's public school system and then earned a law degree from Ohio Wesleyan University. Following the completion of

"Governor of Oklahoma"
in turn had to be ratified by territorial lawmakers. The governor had the power to appoint justices to the territorial high court. The governor was responsible to the U.S. president on addressing issues in the territory and served as the representative as the federal government of the United States. He was also the Commander in Chief of the territorial militia. George Washington Steele served as the first governor of Oklahoma Territory. He vetoed the territorial legislature's attempts to move the state capital from Guthrie to Oklahoma City or Kingfisher. He was instrumental in the establishment of two universities that would

"Thompson Benton Ferguson"
Thompson Benton Ferguson Thompson Benton Ferguson (March 17, 1857February 14, 1921) was the sixth Governor of Oklahoma Territory. Ferguson was born on March 17, 1857, near Des Moines, Iowa. The following year, he moved to Emporia, Kansas, with his parents. His mother died in 1860, and his father enlisted in the Union Army at the beginning of the Civil War. He was raised by his older sister, was educated in public schools and by teaching, he was able to finance his course through the Kansas State Normal School at Emporia.[1] An earnest Bible student, he was ordained as a Methodist

"Charles N. Haskell"
Charles N. Haskell Charles Nathaniel Haskell (March 13, 1860 – July 5, 1933) was an American lawyer, oilman, and politician who was the first governor of Oklahoma. As a delegate to Oklahoma's constitutional convention in 1906, he played a crucial role in drafting the Oklahoma Constitution and gaining Oklahoma's admission into the United States as the 46th state in 1907. A prominent businessman in Muskogee, he helped the city grow in importance. He represented the city as a delegate in both the Oklahoma convention and an earlier convention that was a failed attempt to create a U.S. state of Sequoyah.

"William Miller Jenkins"
William Miller Jenkins William Miller Jenkins (April 25, 1856 - October 19, 1941) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He was appointed by President William McKinley in 1901 as the 5th Governor of Oklahoma Territory. However, he had only served for six months when President Theodore Roosevelt removed him from office, after receiving complaints of political malfeasance. Although Jenkins was exonerated by subsequent investigations, his removal could not be undone, forcing his early retirement. The son of Henry J. and Lydia (Miller) Jenkins, William Miller Jenkins was born at Alliance, Stark County, Ohio, on April 25, 1858. He attended

"Roy J. Turner"
Roy J. Turner Roy Joseph Turner (November 6, 1894 – June 11, 1973) was an American businessman and governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Born in 1894, in Oklahoma Territory, he served in World War I, became a prominent businessman and eventually became the 13th governor of Oklahoma. As governor, Turner helped establish the state turnpike system and college board of regents and oversaw the end of segregation in Oklahoma's higher education system. He is buried in Oklahoma City. Turner was born on November 6, 1894, near Kendrick in Lincoln County, Oklahoma Territory. Upon completion of his high school

"Charles Holland Mason"
Charles Holland Mason Charles Holland Mason (August 9, 1822 – June 11, 1894) was a 19th-century American politician and lawyer. Mason served as United States Commissioner for the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) from 1890 until his death. Mason was born in Walpole, New Hampshire to Joseph and Harriet (Ormsby) Mason. Mason received a thorough classical education to fit him for practicing law. Mason attended the Hancock Literary and Scientific Institute. At age twenty-one, he emigrated West, locating first at Louisville, Kentucky where he was employed as tutor in a private family, studying law between school hours with Hamilton Smith. A

"Cassius McDonald Barnes"
of the Masonic fraternity. Cassius McDonald Barnes Cassius McDonald Barnes (August 25, 1845 – February 18, 1925) was a soldier in the Union Army in the American Civil War and a lawyer and Republican politician who served as the 4th Governor of Oklahoma Territory. The son of Henry Hogan and Semantha Barnes, Cassius McDonald Barnes was born in Livingston County in western New York. When he was a young boy the family moved to Michigan. He attended both public schools and the Wesleyan Church Seminary in Albion, Michigan. In 1861, at the age of sixteen, Barnes joined the Union army

become the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University. After only seventeen months in office, Steele resigned effective October 18, 1891. In his place, President Benjamin Harrison appointed Abraham Jefferson Seay to the governorship. Robert Martin, Secretary of Oklahoma Territory, served as acting governor from October 18, 1891, until February 1892, when Seay took the oath of office. Frank Frantz served as the final governor of Oklahoma Territory. He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor in the first state gubernatorial election. After the Oklahoma Constitution was written and accepted in 1907, the Oklahoma and Indian territories joined to form the

"K.C. Undercover"
It was ordered to series by Disney Channel in May 2014, with the series now under the title ""K.C. Undercover"". The series was released on Watch Disney Channel on January 1, 2015, and was followed by the television premiere on January 18, 2015. The first season consisted of 27 episodes. On May 15, 2015, Disney Channel renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on March 6, 2016. On August 1, 2016, ""People"" revealed that the series had been renewed for a third season. The third season premiered on Disney Channel on July 7, 2017 and ended on February

on the English feed of Disney XD in the Middle East and Africa on October 12, 2015. In India, the series premiered on October 30, 2017 on Disney International HD. K.C. Undercover K.C. Undercover is an American comedy television series created by Corinne Marshall that aired on Disney Channel from January 18, 2015 to February 2, 2018. The series stars Zendaya as a teenager named K.C. who becomes a spy. Starring alongside her are Veronica Dunne, Kamil McFadden, Trinitee Stokes, Tammy Townsend, and Kadeem Hardison. Set in Washington, D.C., the series follows K.C. Cooper, a high school math genius who

"Undercover (2016 TV series)"
Undercover (2016 TV series) Undercover is a six-part BBC television drama series co-produced with BBC America which was first broadcast beginning 3 April 2016. The series premiered in the United States as a six-hour miniseries on 16 and 17 November 2016 on BBC America; it began its run on the CBC in Canada in August (it has aired Mondays at 9pm/9:30 NT, premiering 22 August 2016.) and on Canal + in France since January 2017. ""Undercover"" follows the lives and family of Maya Cobbina, a British lawyer conducting a long-term legal fight to prove the innocence of US death row

2, 2018. In Canada, the series premiered on Family Channel on January 23, 2015, and moved to Disney Channel on September 1, 2015. During the launch week of Disney Channel, the episode ""Runaway Robot"" aired on September 1, 2015, a week before the U.S. The series premiered on Disney Channel in Australia and New Zealand on March 5, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on March 27, 2015, on Disney Channel. On Disney Channel in Southeast Asia, it premiered in Singapore on March 13, 2015, and in the Philippines on April 10, 2015. The show debuted

"True Detective (season 3)"
the University of Arkansas, found the area evocative and powerful, and revealed that it was important for him to shoot the season in Arkansas, as this was the place he had in mind when he was writing the episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> True Detective (season 3) The third season of ""True Detective"", an American anthology crime drama television series created by Nic Pizzolatto, was confirmed by HBO on August 31, 2017, and is scheduled to premiere on January 13, 2019. The story takes place in the Ozarks over three separate time periods, as partner detectives investigate a macabre crime involving two missing

True Detective (season 3) The third season of ""True Detective"", an American anthology crime drama television series created by Nic Pizzolatto, was confirmed by HBO on August 31, 2017, and is scheduled to premiere on January 13, 2019. The story takes place in the Ozarks over three separate time periods, as partner detectives investigate a macabre crime involving two missing children. Mahershala Ali will play the lead role of detective Wayne Hays, while Stephen Dorff will play his partner detective Roland West. The season marks Pizzolatto's directorial debut, with the series creator dividing up directing assignments with Jeremy Saulnier and

K.C. Undercover K.C. Undercover is an American comedy television series created by Corinne Marshall that aired on Disney Channel from January 18, 2015 to February 2, 2018. The series stars Zendaya as a teenager named K.C. who becomes a spy. Starring alongside her are Veronica Dunne, Kamil McFadden, Trinitee Stokes, Tammy Townsend, and Kadeem Hardison. Set in Washington, D.C., the series follows K.C. Cooper, a high school math genius who gets recruited by her parents, Craig and Kira Cooper, after she discovers that they are secretly undercover spies working for an agency called The Organization. Her brother, Ernie, tries to

start to finish, we know that local businesses and vendors will enjoy a boon from the production."" The season wrapped filming in Fayetteville in August 2018. Talking about their experience, executive producer Scott Stephens said, ""Everything we've needed has been right at our fingertips, from period architecture to abandoned buildings that still evoke the 80s,"" while lead actor Mahershala Ali added that ""[the landscape] is such a character in the story. It would have been such a shame if we had shot it any other place."" Pizzolatto, who spent four years of his life in Fayetteville as a student at

Speedometer
Speedometer A speedometer or a speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the 1900s, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards. Speedometers for other vehicles have specific names and use other means of sensing speed. For a boat, this is a pit log. For an aircraft, this is an airspeed indicator. Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer, which was usually fitted to locomotives. The electric speedometer was invented by the Croatian

they existed. Speedometer A speedometer or a speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the 1900s, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards. Speedometers for other vehicles have specific names and use other means of sensing speed. For a boat, this is a pit log. For an aircraft, this is an airspeed indicator. Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer, which was usually fitted to locomotives. The electric speedometer was invented by

mph. On March 25, 1982 the NHTSA revoked the rule because no ""significant safety benefits"" could come from maintaining the standard. GPS devices are positional speedometers, based on how far the receiver has moved since the last measurement. Its speed calculations are not subject to the same sources of error as the vehicle's speedometer (wheel size, transmission/drive ratios). Instead, the GPS's positional accuracy, and therefore the accuracy of its calculated speed, is dependent on the satellite signal quality at the time. Speed calculations will be more accurate at higher speeds, when the ratio of positional error to positional change is

the zero position. Many modern speedometers are electronic. In designs derived from earlier eddy-current models, a rotation sensor mounted in the transmission delivers a series of electronic pulses whose frequency corresponds to the (average) rotational speed of the driveshaft, and therefore the vehicle's speed, assuming the wheels have full traction. The sensor is typically a set of one or more magnets mounted on the output shaft or (in transaxles) differential crownwheel, or a toothed metal disk positioned between a magnet and a magnetic field sensor. As the part in question turns, the magnets or teeth pass beneath the sensor, each

at higher road speeds where the information is of more importance. The low pulse frequency also has little impact on measurement accuracy, as these digital devices can be programmed by wheel size, or additionally by wheel or tire circumference in order to make distance measurements more accurate and precise than a typical motor vehicle gauge. However these devices carry some minor disadvantage in requiring power from batteries that must be replaced every so often in the receiver (AND sensor, for wireless models), and, in wired models, the signal being carried by a thin cable that is much less robust than

rim brakes, but on the opposite edge of the fork) or the sidewall of the tyre itself. The former type are quite reliable and low maintenance but need a gauge and hub gearing properly matched to the rim and tyre size, whereas the latter require little or no calibration for a moderately accurate readout (with standard tyres, the ""distance"" covered in each wheel rotation by a friction wheel set against the rim should scale fairly linearly with wheel size, almost as if it were rolling along the ground itself) but are unsuitable for off-road use, and must be kept properly

"Metrication in the United States"
1,852 meters.) Railroads use the standard gauge of 4 feet inches, as does most of Europe (where it is expressed instead as 1,435 mm). U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 101, which governs vehicle controls and displays, permits speedometers to display miles per hour (MPH) or both MPH and km/h. In practice, most U.S.-market vehicles have mile odometers and dual-labeled speedometers with miles-per-hour as the primary calibration. Some 2000s era Buicks have a single speed gauge with a button on the instrument panel to switch the scale between MPH and km/h. Other vehicles have digital speedometers which can be set

higher than the actual speed. At an actual speed of 100 km/h (60 mph), the speedometer will indicate 100 x 1.0628 = 106.28 km/h (60 * 1.0628 = 63.77 mph), approximately. In the case of wear, a new ""185/70R14"" tyre of 620 mm (24.4 inch) diameter will have ≈8 mm tread depth, at legal limit this reduces to 1.6 mm, the difference being 12.8 mm in diameter or 0.5 inches which is 2% in 620 mm (24.4 inches). In many countries the legislated error in speedometer readings is ultimately governed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulation

"Miles per hour"
Miles per hour Miles per hour (abbreviated mph, MPH or mi/h) is an imperial and United States customary unit of speed expressing the number of statute miles covered in one hour. It is used in the United States, United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations, particularly in the Caribbean region. Speed limits and road traffic speeds are given in miles per hour in the following jurisdictions (elsewhere kilometers per hour are used): Road traffic speeds in other countries are indicated in kilometres per hour, while occasionally both systems are used. For example, in Ireland, a judge considered a speeding case by

Tachometer
Tachometer A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common. The word comes from Greek ""ταχος"" (""tachos"" ""speed"") and ""metron"" (""measure""). Essentially the words tachometer and speedometer have identical meaning: a device that measures speed. It is by arbitrary convention that in the automotive world one is used for engine and the other for vehicle speed. In formal engineering nomenclature, more precise terms

Whale
lungs can hold about 5,000 litres of air. Spout shapes differ among species, which facilitates identification. The heart of a whale weighs about 180–200 kg. It is 640 times bigger than a human heart. The heart of the blue whale is the largest of any animal, and the walls of the arteries in the heart have been described as being ""as thick as an iPhone 6 Plus is long"". All whales have a thick layer of blubber. In species that live near the poles, the blubber can be as thick as 11 inches. This blubber can help with buoyancy (which

"Fin whale"
common. Females reach sexual maturity between 6 and 12 years of age at lengths of in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Southern Hemisphere. Calves remain with their mothers for about one year. Full physical maturity is attained between 25 and 30 years. Fin whales have a maximum life span of at least 94 years of age, although specimens have been found aged at an estimated 135–140 years. The fin whale is one of the fastest cetaceans and can sustain speeds between and and bursts up to have been recorded, earning the fin whale the nickname ""the greyhound of the

"Pilot whale"
and broader rostum with a premaxilla that covers more of the maxilla. By contrast, the long-finned pilot whale's skull has a more elongated rostum and a more exposed maxilla. The size and weight depend on the species, as long-finned pilot whales are generally larger than short-finned pilot whales. Their lifespans are about 45 years in males and 60 years in females for both species. Both species exhibit sexual dimorphism. Adult long-finned pilot whales reach a body length of approximately 6.5 m, with males being 1 m longer than females. Their body mass reaches up to 1,300 kg in females and

sea"". Fin whales are more gregarious than other rorquals, and often live in groups of 6–10, although feeding groups may reach up to 100 animals. Like other whales, males make long, loud, low-frequency sounds. The vocalizations of blue and fin whales are the lowest-frequency sounds made by any animal. Most sounds are frequency-modulated (FM) down-swept infrasonic pulses from 16 to 40 hertz frequency (the range of sounds that most humans can hear falls between 20 hertz and 20 kilohertz). Each sound lasts one to two seconds, and various sound combinations occur in patterned sequences lasting 7 to 15 minutes each.

"Beluga whale"
wild have been recorded as diving to a depth of more than 700 m, with the greatest recorded depth being 872 m. A dive normally lasts 3 to 5 min, but can last up to 18 min. In the shallower water of the estuaries, a diving session may last around two minutes; the sequence consists of five or six rapid, shallow dives followed by a deeper dive lasting up to one minute. The average number of dives per day varies between 31 and 51. All cetaceans, including belugas, have physiological adaptations designed to conserve oxygen while they are under water.

262 and 473 baleen plates on each side of the mouth. Each plate is made of keratin that frays out into fine hairs on the ends inside the mouth near the tongue. Each plate can measure up to in length and in width. The whale routinely dives to depths of more than where it executes an average of four ""lunges"", to accumulate krill. Each gulp provides the whale with approximately of food. One whale can consume up to of food a day, leading scientists to conclude that the whale spends about three hours a day feeding to meet its energy

"Sei whale"
the blue whale (up to 180 tonnes, 200 tons) and the fin whale (up to 70 tonnes, 77 tons) and the humpback whale (up to 40 tonnes, 44.5 tons). In the North Pacific, adult males average and adult females , weighing 15 and 18.5 tonnes (16.5 and 20.5 tons), while in the North Atlantic adult males average and adult females , weighing 15.5 and 17 tonnes (17 and 18.5 tons) In the Southern Hemisphere, they average 14.5 (47.5 ft) and , respectively, weighing 17 and 18.5 tonnes (18.5 and 20.5 tons). ( In the Northern Hemisphere, males reach up to

"Beaked whale"
often seen surfacing synchronously, but asynchronous surfacing has also been observed. In March 2014, a study by Cascadia Research revealed that beaked whales were recorded to dive at least 2992 m in depth and lasting as long as 137.5 minutes, both mammalian records (Cuvier's). Deep-diving mammals face a number of challenges related to extended breath-holding and hydrostatic pressure. Cetaceans and pinnipeds that prolong apnea must optimize the size and use of their oxygen stores, and they must deal with the accumulation of lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism. Beaked whales have several anatomical adaptations to deep diving: large spleens, livers,

Shark
30 years. The spiny dogfish has one of the longest lifespans at more than 100 years. Whale sharks (""Rhincodon typus"") may also live over 100 years. Earlier estimates suggested the Greenland shark (""Somniosus microcephalus"") could reach about 200 years, but a recent study found that a specimen was 392 ± 120 years old (i.e., at least 272 years old), making it the longest-lived vertebrate known. Unlike most bony fish, sharks are K-selected reproducers, meaning that they produce a small number of well-developed young as opposed to a large number of poorly developed young. Fecundity in sharks ranges from 2 to

"Pygmy blue whale"
the whaling industry. According to observations made since the subspecies was first described in 1966, the pygmy blue whale differs from the ""true"" blue whales in a number of physical characteristics. It has: Pygmy blue whales reach sexual maturity at 10 years of age and a length of 19.2 meters (63 feet), weighing on average 52.5 tonnes (58 tons). As adults, males average 21.1 meters (69 feet) and females 21.9 meters (72 feet), with most probably between 20.7 and 22.5 meters (68 and 74 feet). The calculated average weight is 75.5 tonnes (83.5 tons) for males and 90 tonnes (99

"Zookeeper (film)"
the Bear (Jon Favreau) suggests that they teach Griffin their animal mating techniques, but Joe the Lion (Sylvester Stallone) protests, reminding them that it's against the animal code to talk to humans. Donald the Monkey (Adam Sandler) says that Stephanie will be at the zoo tomorrow, and all the animals have to do is make Griffin look like a hero in front of her. The next day, Donald unlocks the door to the lion enclosure and lets Joe out, who confronts Stephanie and Dave's fiancée Robin (Steffiana de la Cruz). Kate (Rosario Dawson), the zoo's vet, manages to get them

Zookeeper (film) Zookeeper is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, starring Kevin James, Rosario Dawson, Leslie Bibb, Joe Rogan and featuring the voices of Nick Nolte, Sylvester Stallone, Adam Sandler, Don Rickles, Judd Apatow, Cher, Jon Favreau, and Faizon Love. It revolves around an unlucky zookeeper who turns to the animals at his zoo to help him find love. It was the first MGM movie to be co-produced with Happy Madison, yet distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film was released on July 8, 2011. This was the last full-length film Don Rickles starred in before his death

and besides, I'm getting a teensy bit exhausted by cute little animated animals. The creatures in this zoo all have the excellent taste to be in 2D."" Zookeeper (film) Zookeeper is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, starring Kevin James, Rosario Dawson, Leslie Bibb, Joe Rogan and featuring the voices of Nick Nolte, Sylvester Stallone, Adam Sandler, Don Rickles, Judd Apatow, Cher, Jon Favreau, and Faizon Love. It revolves around an unlucky zookeeper who turns to the animals at his zoo to help him find love. It was the first MGM movie to be co-produced with Happy

"The Zookeeper (2001 film)"
capital city, a former Interior Ministry official and Communist party member named Ludovic (Sam Neill) works at a zoo. He receives a letter from his estranged daughter Anna in Paris who wants to reconcile with her father. With the city under siege, Ludovic volunteers to help the Indian veterinary (Om Puri) to look after the animals until they can safely evacuate them. Due to scarce supplies, they are forced to put the animals on rations. Elsewhere, the orphaned Zioig is picked up by a truck carrying United Nations peacekeepers. During the journey, he jumps out of the truck while the

that Kate is heading to the airport. Griffin heads out to stop her, though he does make a stop first to beat up Shane. Then, with Bernie's help, Griffin manages to catch up with Kate on the bridge and confesses his love for her. Six months later, Griffin and Kate are back working at the zoo and Bernie is now living in a new enclosure where he gets a great view of the city. When Bernie asks what a ""Benihana"" is, Griffin asks Bernie if he still has his Izod. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009, aiming for

orphaned wolf cub. ""The Zookeeper"" was filmed at several locations in the Czech Republic including Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Doksany, the town of Milovice in the Nymburk District, and Prague. The ""Variety"" reviewer Robert Koehler praised Ralph Ziman and Matthew Bishop's for exploring Sam Neill's character Ludovic. Koehler also praised Neill's portrayal of Ludvoic, whom he described as a ""man who has emotionally shut down but can’t stop the world from marching back in."" Despite commending Piotr Kukla's lensing and Ziman's juxtaposition of explosions in the zoo scenes, Koehler criticized Nikolaj Egelund's score as a poor imitation of Lisa Gerrard's

a release in October 2010, which was then released on July 8, 2011. Filming ended on October 30, 2009. Tweet, the giraffe who rose to fame as a star in the classic Toys ""R"" Us commercials (by being cast as Geoffrey, the company's official mascot) and who appeared alongside Jim Carrey in the film """", died after filming ""Zookeeper"" at the Franklin Park Zoo. The 18-year-old giraffe collapsed during feeding and in the care of his trainer. Tai the elephant was featured in a video, reportedly filmed in 2005 and released in 2011 by Animal Defenders International (ADI), which showed

away from Joe, but Griffin fails to jump into the lion enclosure, ruining the animals' plan. When he climbs out of the enclosure, Joe yells at Griffin, causing Griffin to believe he has gone mad. The next night, all the animals break their code of silence and tell Griffin that they will teach him what to do to win Stephanie. Griffin learns their different mating rituals, but ends up humiliating himself in front of the other zookeepers and the guests. Griffin then has a talk with Bernie (Nick Nolte), a forlorn gorilla who was moved into a deep enclosure after

in 2017. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009. The film received negative reviews from critics and it earned $169.8 million on a $80 million budget. A zookeeper named Griffin Keyes (Kevin James) sets up a plan to propose to the love of his life Stephanie (Leslie Bibb), but she rejects him and claims that his career as a zookeeper is what is keeping her away, therefore breaking Griffin's heart. Five years later, Griffin is shown to be the lead zookeeper at the Franklin Park Zoo who cares deeply for the zoo animals. That night, Griffin holds a party

Mr. Plinkett reviews) did an episode of the show ""Half in the Bag"" reviewing the film's first trailer. The hosts sarcastically praised the trailer as if they thought it was a fake, well crafted parody of a tired subset of the comedy genre, at one point noting ""All they were missing was a wise cracking sidekick for Kevin James, played by a rapper."" Roger Ebert of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"" published a three-out-of-four star review, stating, ""Look, a great movie this is not. A pleasant summer entertainment it is. I think it can play for all ages in a family audience...

which level of weight bearing often comes with a set number of pounds

"Curb weight"
Curb weight Curb weight (American English) or kerb weight (British English) is the total mass of a vehicle with standard equipment and hardpoints, all necessary operating consumables such as motor oil, transmission oil, coolant, air conditioning refrigerant, and sometimes a full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers, cargo, or weaponry. This definition may differ from definitions used by governmental regulatory agencies or other organizations. For example, many European Union manufacturers include the weight of a driver to follow European Directive 95/48/EC. Organizations may also define curb weight with fixed levels of fuel and other variables to equalize

"Weight for Age"
Weight for Age Weight for Age (WFA) is a term in Thoroughbred horse racing which is one of the conditions for a race. It means that a horse will carry a set weight in accordance with the Weight for Age Scale. This weight varies depending on the horse’s age, its sex, the race distance and the month of the year. Weight for age races are usually Group 1 races, races of the highest quality. It is a form of handicapping for horse racing, but within the horse racing industry is not referred to as handicap which is reserved for more

any additional equipment. Curb weight Curb weight (American English) or kerb weight (British English) is the total mass of a vehicle with standard equipment and hardpoints, all necessary operating consumables such as motor oil, transmission oil, coolant, air conditioning refrigerant, and sometimes a full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers, cargo, or weaponry. This definition may differ from definitions used by governmental regulatory agencies or other organizations. For example, many European Union manufacturers include the weight of a driver to follow European Directive 95/48/EC. Organizations may also define curb weight with fixed levels of fuel and other

"Weight class (boxing)"
another if he is considered superior with due regard for their difference in weight. Theoretical comparisons of the merits of boxers in different weight classes are a popular topic for boxing fans, with a similar speculative appeal to comparing sports figures from different eras; in both cases, the competitors could never face each other in reality. In the early nineteenth century, there were no standard weight classes. In 1823, the ""Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue"" said the limit for a ""light weight"" was 12 stone (168 lb) while ""Sportsman's Slang"" the same year gave 11 stone (154 lb) as the

"Weight plate"
much as 50). Tom Lincir, founder of the Ivanko Barbell Company, has encountered 45-lb plates weighing as little as 38 pounds, or as much as 59 pounds. Plates can be weighed, and the equipment marked (using a paint pen or other permanent marker) with the true weight. Calibrated plates are available from high-end manufacturers; many advertise these plates as being accurate to within of marked weight, which is the tolerance mandated by the International Weightlifting Federation for plates used in competition. Olympic plates may come in the form of bumper plates, which are made of resilient rubber. These are used

Age Advice U.S. Scale of Weights from about.com Weight for Age Weight for Age (WFA) is a term in Thoroughbred horse racing which is one of the conditions for a race. It means that a horse will carry a set weight in accordance with the Weight for Age Scale. This weight varies depending on the horse’s age, its sex, the race distance and the month of the year. Weight for age races are usually Group 1 races, races of the highest quality. It is a form of handicapping for horse racing, but within the horse racing industry is not referred

Weight plate A weight plate is a flat, heavy object, usually made of cast iron, that is used in combination with barbells or dumbbells to produce a bar with a desired total weight for the purpose of physical exercise. Two general categories exist: ""standard"" plates, which have a center hole of approximately one inch (25 mm), and ""Olympic"" plates, meant to fit on the two-inch (50 mm) sleeves of Olympic barbells. Standard plates are usually paired with adjustable dumbbells and Olympic plates with full-size barbells, although standard barbells and Olympic dumbbells exist. Weight plates may incorporate holes for ease of

"Working load limit"
Working load limit Safe Working Load (SWL) sometimes stated as the Normal Working Load (NWL) is the maximum safe force that a piece of lifting equipment, lifting device or accessory can exert to lift, suspend, or lower, a given mass without fear of breaking. Usually marked on the equipment by the manufacturer. It is a calculation of the Minimum Breaking Strength (MBS) aka Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) divided by its risk factor, usually ten to one (10:1 or 1/10) for lifting equipment although depending on the application, other fractions may be used such as 1/4, 1/5 and 1/6. Other synonyms

"Pound (mass)"
Pound (mass) The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol is lb (for most pound definitions), # (chiefly in the U.S.), and ℔ or ″̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman ""libra"" (hence the abbreviation ""lb""). The English word

"Shoe size"
In the ""standard"" or ""FIA"" (Footwear Industries of America) scale, women's sizes are men's sizes plus 1 (so a men's 10.5 is a women's 11.5). There is also the ""common"" scale, where women's sizes are equal to men's sizes plus 1.5. Children's sizes are equal to men's sizes plus . Children’s sizes do not differ by gender even though adults’ do. Children's shoe stores in the United States use a sizing scheme which ends at 13, after which the adult range starts at 1. Alternatively, a scale running from K4 to K13 and then 1 to 7 is in use.

"Gabe Aul"
Gabe Aul Gabriel J. ""Gabe"" Aul, (born August 5, 1972) is the current Corporate Vice President (CVP) of Windows & Devices Group (WDG), Engineering Systems Team at Microsoft. He was appointed as VP on 31 July 2015, following the launch of Windows 10 on 29 July 2015. He led the Windows Insider Program until June 1, 2016, where he was succeeded by Dona Sarkar. The 6th grade was the defining time in Aul's life. 3 things happened. Aul stumbled upon a magazine called Byte which was a popular computer magazine, with an issue about digital art. Aul had always been

"Satya Nadella"
Satya Nadella Satya Narayana Nadella (; born 19 August 1967) is an American business executive from India. He is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Microsoft, succeeding Steve Ballmer in 2014. Before becoming CEO, he was Executive Vice President of Microsoft's cloud and enterprise group, responsible for building and running the company's computing platforms, developer tools and cloud computing services. Nadella was born in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. His father, Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandher, was a civil servant who worked for the Indian Administrative Service of the Government of India. His mother, as Nadella proudly states in his book, ""Hit Refresh: The

"Marissa Mayer"
Marissa Mayer Marissa Ann Mayer (; born May 30, 1975) is an American information technology executive, formerly serving as the president and chief executive officer of Yahoo!, a position she had held starting July 2012. It was announced in January 2017 that she would step down from the company's board upon the sale of Yahoo!'s operating business to Verizon Communications for $4.8 billion. She would not join the newly combined company, now called Oath, and announced her resignation on June 13, 2017. She is a graduate of Stanford University and was a long-time executive, usability leader, and key spokeswoman for

"Jeff Weiner"
Jeff Weiner Jeffrey ""Jeff"" Weiner (born February 21, 1970 in New York City, New York) is an American businessman. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of LinkedIn, a business-related social networking website. He started with LinkedIn on December 15, 2008, as Interim President. Weiner played an instrumental role in LinkedIn's acquisition by Microsoft for $26 billion in June 2016. Weiner graduated from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania in 1992 with a Bachelor of Science in Economics. Weiner served in various leadership roles at Yahoo for over seven years beginning in 2001, most recently as the Executive

"Aneesh Chopra"
the 2016 Congress of Future Science and Technology Leaders. Aneesh Chopra Aneesh Paul Chopra (born July 13, 1972) is an American executive who served as the first Chief Technology Officer of the United States. He was appointed in 2009 by President Barack Obama and was at the White House through 2012. Chopra previously served as Virginia’s Secretary of Technology under Governor Tim Kaine. Chopra was a candidate in 2013 for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is the author of ""Innovative State: How New Technologies Can Transform Government (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014)"" and co-founder and Executive Vice-President

"Vivek Kundra"
Vivek Kundra Vivek Kundra (born October 9, 1974) is an American administrator who served as the first chief information officer of the United States from March, 2009 to August, 2011 under President Barack Obama. He is currently the Chief Operating Officer at Sprinklr and a visiting Fellow at Harvard University. He previously served in D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty's cabinet as the District's Chief Technology Officer and in Virginia Governor Tim Kaine's cabinet as Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Technology. Kundra was born in New Delhi, India, on October 9, 1974. He moved to Tanzania with his family at the age

"Stephanie Hannon"
traditional gender roles was recently the subject of a speech by Clinton to a Silicon Valley audience, stating her intent to ""crack every last glass ceiling"". Stephanie Hannon Stephanie Hannon (born October 31, 1974) was the chief technology officer (CTO) of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. She was the first woman to hold the title of CTO on a major presidential campaign. Prior to working for the Clinton campaign, Hannon was Google's director of product management for civic innovation and social impact. Her focus was on building tools to help communities respond to natural disasters as well as producing and

Aneesh Chopra Aneesh Paul Chopra (born July 13, 1972) is an American executive who served as the first Chief Technology Officer of the United States. He was appointed in 2009 by President Barack Obama and was at the White House through 2012. Chopra previously served as Virginia’s Secretary of Technology under Governor Tim Kaine. Chopra was a candidate in 2013 for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is the author of ""Innovative State: How New Technologies Can Transform Government (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014)"" and co-founder and Executive Vice-President of NavHealth. He currently serves as a Senior Advisor

"Curt Kolcun"
Curt Kolcun Curt Kolcun (born June 26, 1961) was the Microsoft vice president for U.S. Public Sector since July 2008 until September 2017. He was responsible for all of Microsoft’s business in federal government, state and local government, and education markets, including students, K-12 and higher education. A veteran of Microsoft since 1989, Kolcun has been the Vice President Microsoft’s Federal government business since 2003, and has been responsible for sales, contracting, pre-sales technical support, consulting services and product marketing. Under his leadership, the federal team has grown its business 49 percent since 2003. The team has also implemented key

"Vishal Sikka"
exporter, named Sikka as its Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director. Sikka took over from then-CEO S.D. Shibulal, one of Infosys' founders, on 1 August. He was inducted as a whole-time director of the Board and CEO & MD (Designate) of Infosys on 14 June. His annual compensation was set at $13 million and stock options worth $9million. Vishal Sikka resigned from Infosys as MD and CEO on 18 August 2017. He was replaced by Pravin Rao on 24 August 2017. In 2008, Sikka joined the executive board of the CTO Forum, an influential industry non-profit community. The same year,

"Latin Mass"
with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular. Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages, including the Canon. Neither the Second Vatican Council nor the subsequent revision of the Roman Missal abolished Latin as the liturgical language of the Roman Rite: the official text of the Roman Missal, on which translations into vernacular languages are to be based, continues to be in Latin, and Latin can still be used in the celebration. The term ""Latin Mass""

is sometimes applied to such celebrations, which in some places are part of the normal Sunday schedule. Historically speaking, ""Latin Mass"" can be applied also to the various forms of Pre-Tridentine Mass from about the year 190 of Pope Victor, when the Church in Rome changed from Greek to Latin. Latin liturgical rites other than the Roman Rite have used Latin, and in some cases continue to do so. These include the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite. Some priests and communities continue to use non-Roman-Rite liturgies that have been generally abandoned, such as the Carmelite Rite and the Dominican

"Latin liturgical rites"
Mass according to rites of their own, dating from more than 200 years before the papal bull ""Quo primum"". These rites were based on local usages and combined elements of the Roman and Gallican Rites. Following the Second Vatican Council, they have mostly been abandoned, except for the Carthusian Rite (see above). Religious orders of more recent origin have never had special rites. The following previously existing rites of Mass, distinct from the Roman Rite, continue to be used on a limited basis by the permission of ecclesiastical superiors: The Catholic Encyclopedia applied the word ""rite"" also to the practices

"Roman Missal"
Prayer) of the Mass. In 1965 and 1967 some changes were officially introduced into the Mass of the Roman Rite in the wake of ""Sacrosanctum Concilium"", but no new edition of the Roman Missal had been produced to incorporate them. They were reflected in the provisional vernacular translations produced in various countries when the language of the people began to be used in addition to Latin. References sometimes met in an English-language context to ""the 1965 Missal"" concern these temporary vernacular productions, not the Roman Missal itself. Even countries that had the same language used different translations and varied in

"Tridentine Mass"
of the Tridentine Missal, replacing both Pius X's ""Additions and Changes in the Rubrics of the Missal"" and the earlier ""General Rubrics of the Missal"". Changes made to the liturgy in 1965 and 1967 in the wake of decisions of the Second Vatican Council were not incorporated in the Roman Missal, but were reflected in the provisional vernacular translations produced when the language of the people began to be used in addition to Latin. This explains the references sometimes seen to ""the 1965 Missal"". The General Roman Calendar was revised partially in 1955 and 1960 and completely in 1969 in

Breviaries and Missals that could not be shown to have an antiquity of at least two centuries (see Tridentine Mass and Roman Missal). Many local rites that remained legitimate even after this decree were abandoned voluntarily, especially in the 19th century. In the second half of the 20th century, most of the religious orders that had a distinct liturgical rite chose to adopt in its place the Roman Rite as revised in accordance with the decrees of the Second Vatican Council (see Mass of Paul VI). A few such liturgical rites persist today for the celebration of Mass, since 1965-1970

"Mass in the Catholic Church"
which uses the liturgy of the Missal issued by Pope John XXIII in 1962, and the Ordinary Form, which uses the Missal revised by Pope Paul VI in 1969. The term ""Mass"" is derived from the concluding words of the Roman Rite Mass in Latin: """"Ite, missa est"""" (""Go; it is the dismissal""). The Late Latin word ""missa"" substantively corresponds to the classical Latin word ""missio"". In antiquity, ""missa"" simply meant ""dismissal"". In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a deeper meaning. The word ""dismissal"" has come to imply a mission. The Roman Rite Mass is the predominant form

Latin liturgical rites Latin liturgical rites, or ""Western liturgical rites"", are Latin tradition Catholic liturgical rites employed by the Latin Church, the largest particular church ""sui iuris"" of the Catholic Church, that originated in Europe where the Latin language once dominated. Its language is now known as Ecclesiastical Latin. The most used rite is the Roman Rite. The Latin rites were for many centuries no less numerous than the liturgical rites of the Eastern autonomous particular Churches. Their number is now much reduced. In the aftermath of the Council of Trent, in 1568 and 1570 Pope Pius V suppressed the

an official liturgical book supersedes the previous one. Thus, the 1970 Roman Missal, which superseded the 1962 edition, was superseded by the edition of 1975. The 2002 edition in turn supersedes the 1975 edition both in Latin and, as official translations into each language appear, also in the vernacular languages. Under the terms of ""Summorum Pontificum"" by Pope Benedict XVI, the Mass of Paul VI is known as the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite. The Tridentine Mass, as in the 1962 Roman Missal, is still authorized for use as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite under the conditions

(1962–65) based on new historical perspectives and biblical studies, and has become the most common form used. This version was introduced to succeed the Tridentine Mass, celebrated in Latin and dating to the liturgical reforms of the Council of Trent (1545–46). The Tridentine Mass, as revised in 1962, is still permitted for use as an Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite. Other historical and minor contemporary Latin Rite Masses have been used in different regions of the world, as well the Eastern Christian forms known as the Divine Liturgy. The ""Catechism of the Catholic Church"" (CCC or ""Catechism"") produced in

"Biological pacemaker"
Biological pacemaker Generally speaking, a biological pacemaker is one or more types of cellular components that, when ""implanted or injected into certain regions of the heart,"" produce specific electrical stimuli that mimic that of the body's natural pacemaker cells. It's indicated for issues such as heart block, slow heart rate, and asynchronous heart ventricle contractions. The biological pacemaker is intended as an alternative to the artificial cardiac pacemaker that's been in human use since the late 1950s. Despite their success, several limitations and problems with artificial pacemakers have emerged during the past decades such as electrode fracture or damage to

"Artificial cardiac pacemaker"
Artificial cardiac pacemaker A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural pacemaker of the heart) is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or because there is a block in the heart's electrical conductive system. Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow a cardiologist to select the optimum pacing modes for individual patients. Some

pacemaker function has been to attempt to mimic nature by utilizing various inputs to produce a rate-responsive pacemaker using parameters such as the QT interval, pO – pCO (dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide levels) in the arterial-venous system, physical activity as determined by an accelerometer, body temperature, ATP levels, adrenaline, etc. Instead of producing a static, predetermined heart rate, or intermittent control, such a pacemaker, a 'Dynamic Pacemaker', could compensate for both actual respiratory loading and potentially anticipated respiratory loading. The first dynamic pacemaker was invented by Anthony Rickards of the National Heart Hospital, London, UK, in 1982. Dynamic pacemaking

"Cardiac pacemaker"
sinus rhythm. Sometimes an ectopic pacemaker sets the pace, if the SA node is damaged or if the electrical conduction system of the heart has problems. Cardiac arrhythmias can cause heart block, in which the contractions lose any useful rhythm. In humans, and occasionally in animals, a mechanical device called an artificial pacemaker (or simply ""pacemaker"") may be used after damage to the body's intrinsic conduction system to produce these impulses synthetically. One percent of the cardiomyocytes in the myocardium possess the ability to generate electrical impulses (or action potentials) spontaneously. <br>A specialized portion of the heart, called the sinoatrial

in adult humans is about 70 beats per minute. Because the sinoatrial node is responsible for the rest of the heart's electrical activity, it is sometimes called the ""primary pacemaker"". If the SA node does not function properly and is unable to control the heart rate, a group of cells further down the heart will become the ectopic pacemaker of the heart. These cells form the Atrioventricular node (or AV node), which is an area between the left atrium and the right ventricle within the atrial septum, will take over the pacemaker responsibility. The cells of the AV node normally

Cardiac pacemaker The contraction of cardiac muscle (heart muscle) in all animals is initiated by electrical impulses known as action potentials. The rate at which these impulses fire controls the rate of cardiac contraction, that is, the heart rate. The cells that create these rhythmic impulses, setting the pace for blood pumping, are called pacemaker cells, and they directly control the heart rate. They make up the cardiac pacemaker, that is, the natural pacemaker of the heart. In most humans, the concentration of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node is the natural pacemaker, and the resultant rhythm is a

that by injection of the ""Adenylate Cyclase"" gene into the heart muscle a biological cardiac pacemaker can be created. More recently a gene called TBX18 has been non-invasively applied to speed up heart rates caused by heart block (2014), and light-sensitive genes that react to blue light have been injected in order ""to activate the heart simultaneously from a number of sites"" (2015). Biological pacemaker Generally speaking, a biological pacemaker is one or more types of cellular components that, when ""implanted or injected into certain regions of the heart,"" produce specific electrical stimuli that mimic that of the body's natural

"Pace (speed)"
Pace (speed) Pace, also called rhythm or tempo, is the rate of activity or movement, such as in running or the flow of events in an entertainment piece. All time arts – music, dance, drama, film – are enormously concerned with pacing – with rhythm or tempo. As the film director translates events in a script into actions that make up scenes and sequences, that is, as the director shapes the actors' performances and stages the other actions in front of the camera, one of his paramount concerns is pacing, making the action swell, subside, and swell again. The director

, widely acceptable standards for safe pacemaker and ICD reuse have not been developed, and there continue to be legal and regulatory barriers to widespread adoption of medical device reuse. Artificial cardiac pacemaker A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural pacemaker of the heart) is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or

"Pacemaker potential"
involving the Na–Ca exchanger. The rhythmic activity of some neurons like the pre-Bötzinger complex is modulated by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and such modulatory connectivity gives to the neurons the necessary plasticity to generating distinctive, state-dependent rhythmic patterns that depend on pacemarker potentials. In reality, the heart has several pacemakers known as autonomic foci, each which fires at its own intrinsic rate: The potentials will normally travel in order SA node → atrial foci → junctional foci → ventricular foci Pacemaker potentials are fired not only by SA node, but also by the other foci. However, the other firing frequencies are

"Peppa Pig"
including Brazil. Each episode is approximately five minutes long. The show revolves around Peppa, an anthropomorphic female pig, and her family and friends. Each of her friends is a different species of animal. Peppa's friends are the same age as she is, and Peppa's younger brother George's friends are the same age as him. Episodes tend to feature everyday activities such as attending playgroup, going swimming, visiting their grandparents, cousins, going to the playground or riding their bikes. The characters wear clothes, live in houses, and drive cars, but still display some characteristics of the animals on which they are

such as sadness, happiness, irritation, bewilderment and confusion. Although the main characters - mostly mammals - are anthropomorphic, other animal characters are not, for example, Tiddles the tortoise, Polly Parrot, and the ducks. In addition, the narrator of the series John Sparkes reinforces the action and humour, saying things like ""Oh, dear"" when something unfortunate happens (such as George starts crying) or ""Look out!"" when a character is doing something unsafe (such as Peppa riding her bicycle without looking where she's going). The first series of 52 five-minute episodes started on Channel 5 on 31 May 2004, and had its

"Morwenna Banks"
Morwenna Banks Tamsin Morwenna Banks (born 20 September 1961) is a British comedy actress, writer and producer known for her roles as Mummy Pig, Madame Gazelle and Dr Hamster in the children's series ""Peppa Pig"". Banks attended Truro High School for Girls and Robinson College, Cambridge and was a member of the Cambridge Footlights from 1981 to 1983. She also acted with the Marlowe Society, notably in a brief but dominant comic cameo as the Widow in Ben Jonson's ""The Alchemist"", alongside Tilda Swinton. One of Banks’ early major television roles was as part of the team on the comedy

"Squealer (Animal Farm)"
Squealer (Animal Farm) Squealer is a fictional character, a pig, in George Orwell's ""Animal Farm"". He serves as second-in-command to Napoleon, the pigs' leader, and is the farm's minister of propaganda. He is described in the book to be an effective and very convincing orator. In the book, he is described as merely a fat pig, but in the 1954 film, he is a pink pig, whereas in the 1999 film, he is a Tamworth pig who wears a monocle. Throughout the novel Squealer is highly skilled at making speeches to the animals. He is also one of the leaders

"Porky's Pet"
out, Porky shoves Lulu under his seat, but Lulu insists on poking her head out. She then squeezes out and swallows passengers' personal belongings, ao. an accordion. Just then, the conductor comes asking the passengers for tickets. Porky sees him, shoves the noisy accordion down Lulu's throat to her stomach, stuffs her inside a guitar case and trims her sticking out tail feathers. When the conductor comes up to Porky, Lulu blows her cover by squawking, pushing her legs out, and taking the conductor on a wild ride to the other side of the coach. Angered, the conductor throws Lulu

"Poopdeck Pappy"
mislaid can of spinach to rescue his only child. In the mêlée that ensues, the filmstrip is broken and the animator must safety pin it back together to finish the cartoon. Popeye is the spitting image of Poopdeck Pappy, though Pappy has a white beard. He is far less principled than his son, stealing from Popeye's bank account and trying to sell water for $5,000 in Death Valley. (To which, Popeye, while pouring water to the parched traveler, tells Poopdeck, ""I yam disgustipated wit' ya!"") There is no love lost between him and Olive Oyl, whom he calls a ""lath-legged

"Peter Potamus"
the sponsor of the television series. A similarly subtle sponsor reference appeared in the ""Magilla Gorilla"" theme song lyrics: ""He's really ideal""). The main segment featured Peter Potamus (voiced by Daws Butler impersonating Joe E. Brown; Butler used an identical voice for Lippy the Lion) and his diminutive sidekick So-So the monkey (voiced by Don Messick). Peter is big, purple, and friendly, dressed in a safari jacket and hat. Episodes generally consisted of Peter and So-So exploring the world in his hot air balloon, which was capable of time travel at the spin of a dial. When faced with a

"Harley Bird"
Harley Bird Harley Bird (born Harley Riley, 13 December 2001) is an English actress and voice-over artist. She is currently known as the third and current voice of Peppa Pig. Bird was born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester as Harley Riley. Bird lives in Tring, Hertfordshire with her parents, Gill and Craig Riley. Bird is the second eldest of four children and has two sisters, Taylor and Olivia and a brother called Rosco. She used to attend Tring Park School for the Performing Arts on their Tring Park Associates programme, before enrolling into the main school and she currently attends Pipers

Porky's Pet Porky's Pet is a 1936 Looney Tune cartoon released on July 11, 1936. It was directed by Jack King, animated by Cal Dalton and Sandy Walker, and its music was directed by Norman Spencer. Its main star is Porky Pig. A mailman heads to Porky Pig's house and delivers a telegram to Porky. When Porky reads the telegram, he sees it is an offer from a big shot producer in Broadway, New York City, who wants Porky and his pet ostrich, Lulu, in his show, offering $75 a day. Porky wants the job, so he tells Lulu the

"Pepé Le Pew"
Pepé Le Pew Pepé Le Pew is a character from the Warner Bros. ""Looney Tunes"" and ""Merrie Melodies"" series of cartoons, first introduced in 1945. Depicted as a French striped skunk, Pepé is constantly in search of love and appreciation. However, his offensive skunk odor and his aggressive pursuit of romance typically cause other characters to run from him. Pepé Le Pew storylines typically involve Pepé in pursuit of a female black cat, whom Pepé mistakes for a skunk (""la belle femme skunk fatale""). The cat, who was retroactively named Penelope Pussycat, often has a white stripe painted down her

"Half-Life 2: Episode Two"
October 18. The Steam version was released worldwide on October 10, 2007. As with its predecessors, the game is played in the first person as series protagonist Gordon Freeman against transhuman troops, known as the Combine, and other hostile alien creatures. Levels are linear but add a more open environment, consisting of puzzles and first-person shooter game-play. Sequences involving vehicles are interspersed throughout the game, breaking up moments of combat. One of the focal points of ""Episode Two"" was meant to be increased use of vehicles in open areas. However, the game retains its original linear style until the final

Half-Life 2: Episode Two Half-Life 2: Episode Two (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE TWO) is a first-person shooter video game, the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 ""Half-Life 2"". It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with """", the first game in the series, and released in 2007 via Valve's Steam content distribution platform. The episode was released both separately and as a part of a bundled package, ""The Orange Box"". ""Episode Two"" gameplay consists of expansive environments, travel and reduced linear play, continuing Valve's policy of orienting each episode around a particular theme or set

of technologies. Following the closing events of ""Episode One"", it sees Gordon Freeman and the series' other major characters moving away from City 17 to the surrounding countryside. The retail version was released on October 10, 2007, in North America and Russia for Windows and Microsoft's Xbox 360 after repeated delays. The version for the PlayStation 3 was to be released ""around two or three weeks later"", as it was produced separately at the Electronic Arts UK studio, according to Valve marketing director Doug Lombardi. This version was further delayed. For the rest of the world, the release date was

body. ""Episode Two"" was developed simultaneously with ""Episode One"" by a development team led by David Speyrer. This schedule of simultaneous development aided them in streamlining the story between the two games to create an immersive story. The technology used was the same for both games, allowing the development teams to quickly fix any technical problems that might arise from either game; this happened often because of the multi-platform release. An announcement was made on July 13, 2006 stating that ""Episode Two"" would be released on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in addition to the PC, where previous iterations of

the series separated. It was originally rumored that ""Episode Two"" would be delayed until 2008. On June 14, 2007, however, Valve confirmed the release date for ""Episode Two"" to be October 9, 2007 for all announced platforms. Valve handled the development of the game for the PC and Xbox 360, while Electronic Arts British office in Chertsey worked on the PlayStation 3 version of the game. It was announced on September 7, 2007 that the PlayStation 3 version of the game would be delayed because the development studio behind the game was in the United Kingdom, away from Valve's development

"Half-Life 2"
Half-Life 2 Half-Life 2 (stylized as HλLF-LIFE) is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. It is the sequel to 1998's ""Half-Life"" and was released in November 2004 following a five-year $40 million development. During development, a substantial part of the project was leaked and distributed on the Internet. The game was developed alongside Valve's Steam software and the Source engine. Taking place some years after the events of ""Half-Life"", protagonist Gordon Freeman is awakened by the enigmatic G-Man to find the world has been taken over by the alien Combine. Joined by allies including resistance

trilogy, the game lacks the driving force of the previous episode."" GameSpy criticized the game, saying it is ""a little more inconsistent than its predecessors,"" and that the opening segments of the game were ""arguably the weakest"" parts. Half-Life 2: Episode Two Half-Life 2: Episode Two (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE TWO) is a first-person shooter video game, the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 ""Half-Life 2"". It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with """", the first game in the series, and released in 2007 via Valve's Steam content distribution platform. The episode was released

and ""Sandtraps"". It serves primarily as a showcase for high-dynamic-range rendering (HDR) technology. The first expansion sequel, """", takes place immediately after the events of ""Half-Life 2"", with the player taking on the role of Gordon Freeman once again and with Alyx Vance playing a more prominent role. """" continues directly from the ending of ""Episode One"", with Alyx and Gordon making their way to White Forest Missile base, a hideout of the resistance. A third episode is set to be released in the future, completing an intended trilogy. In a June 2006 interview with Eurogamer, Gabe Newell revealed that

"Half-Life 2: Episode One"
Half-Life 2: Episode One Half-Life 2: Episode One (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE ONE) is a first-person shooter video game, the first in an intended series of episodes that would serve as the sequels to ""Half-Life 2"" (2004). It was developed by Valve Corporation and released on June 1, 2006. Originally called ""Half-Life 2: Aftermath"", the game was renamed ""Episode One"" after Valve became confident in using an episodic structure for the game. ""Episode One"" uses the same game engine, Source, as ""Half-Life 2"". The game debuted new lighting and animation technologies, as well as AI sidekick enhancements. The game's events

fighter Alyx Vance, Gordon searches for a way to free humanity using a variety of weapons, including the object-manipulating Gravity Gun. ""Half-Life 2"" received critical acclaim. It was praised for its advanced physics, animation, sound, AI, graphics, and narrative. The game won 39 ""Game of the Year"" awards and the title of ""Game of the Decade"" at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest games of all time. Over 6.5 million copies of ""Half-Life 2"" were sold at retail by December 2008 (not including Steam sales). By February 2011, ""Half-Life 2""

"Ferris Bueller's Day Off"
Ferris Bueller's Day Off Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson. The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck. Ferris regularly ""breaks the fourth wall"" to explain techniques and inner thoughts. Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week. Filming began in September 1985 and finished in November. Featuring many landmarks, including the then Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, the film was Hughes' love

"Mia Sara"
Mia Sara Mia Sarapochiello (born June 19, 1967) better known as Mia Sara, is a retired American actress. She is best known for her role as Sloane Peterson in the 1986 comedy film ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"", and other films such as ""Legend"" (1985) and ""Timecop"" (1994). Sara was born Mia Sarapochiello in Brooklyn Heights, New York, of Italian-American descent. She is the daughter of Diana, a stylist and photographer, and Jerome Sarapochiello, a photographer and artist. She attended St. Ann's School, in Brooklyn, New York. Sara's breakthrough role was Princess Lili in Ridley Scott's 1985 fairy-tale film ""Legend"". Playing

Peterson. The series served as a prequel to the film. In the pilot episode, the audience sees Schlatter cutting up a cardboard cutout of Matthew Broderick, saying that he hated Broderick's performance as him. It was produced by Maysh, Ltd. Productions in association with Paramount Television. In part because of competition of the similar series on the Fox Television Network, ""Parker Lewis Can't Lose"", the series was canceled after the first thirteen episodes aired. Both Schlatter and Aniston later had success on other TV shows, Schlatter on """" and Aniston on ""Friends"". Ferris Bueller's Day Off Ferris Bueller's Day Off

fell out of his chair when I told him I was only 18."" Molly Ringwald had also wanted to play Sloane, but according to Ringwald, ""John wouldn't let me do it: he said that the part wasn't big enough for me."" Ruck had previously auditioned for the Bender role in ""The Breakfast Club"" which went to Judd Nelson, but Hughes remembered Ruck and cast him as the 17-year-old Cameron Frye. According to Hughes, the character of Cameron was largely based on a friend of his in high school. ""He was sort of a lost person. His family neglected him, so

in Pink"" to celebrate their 30th anniversary. In suburban Chicago, Illinois, near the end of the school year, high school senior Ferris Bueller fakes being sick to stay home. Throughout the film, Ferris frequently breaks the fourth wall to talk about his friends and give the audience advice on how to skip school. His parents believe him, though his sister Jeanie is not convinced. Dean of Students Edward R. Rooney suspects Ferris is being truant again and commits to catching him. Ferris convinces his friend Cameron Frye, who is legitimately absent due to illness, to help lure Ferris' girlfriend Sloane

Matthew."" Alan Ruck later told the ""AV Club"" that Anthony Michael Hall, who had previously worked with Hughes on three films, was originally offered the part but turned it down. Other actors who were considered for the role included Jim Carrey, John Cusack, Tom Cruise and Michael J. Fox. Sara surprised Hughes when she auditioned for the role of Sloane Peterson. ""It was funny. He didn't know how old I was and said he wanted an older girl to play the 17-year-old. He said it would take someone older to give her the kind of dignity she needed. He almost

"Ben Stein"
Ben Stein Benjamin Jeremy Stein (born November 25, 1944) is an American writer, lawyer, actor, and commentator on political and economic issues. A graduate of Columbia University, Stein began his career in law, graduating as valedictorian from Yale Law School. He attained early success as a speechwriter for U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Later, he entered the entertainment field and became an actor, comedian, and Emmy Award-winning game show host. He is most well-known on screen as the economics teacher in ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"" (1986) and as Dr. Arthur Neuman in ""The Mask"" (1994) and ""Son of

as saying he deserved the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor of 1986: ""His performance is what elevates the film, allows it to assume the power of a modern parable."" ""The New York Times"" reviewer Nina Darnton criticized Mia Sara's portrayal of Sloane for lacking ""the specific detail that characterized the adolescent characters in Hughes's other films"", asserting she ""created a basically stable but forgettable character."" Conversely, Darnton praised Ruck and Grey's performances: ""The two people who grow in the movie—Cameron, played with humor and sensitivity by Alan Ruck, and Ferris's sister Jeanie, played with appropriate self-pity by Jennifer Grey—are

"Alan Ruck"
revival of ""Absurd Person Singular"". Mireille gave birth to their daughter Vesper in 2010. On February 12, 2014, the couple announced their second child was on the way and their son Larkin was born in July 2014. Alan Ruck Alan Douglas Ruck (born July 1, 1956) is an American actor. He played Cameron Frye, Ferris Bueller's hypochondriac best friend in John Hughes' ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"" (1986), and Stuart Bondek, the lecherous, power-hungry member of the mayor's staff in the ABC sitcom ""Spin City"". His other notable films include ""Bad Boys"" (1983), ""Three Fugitives"" (1989), ""Young Guns II"" (1990), ""Speed""

to Cubs games."" Siskel did enjoy the chemistry between Jennifer Grey and Charlie Sheen. Ebert thought Siskel was too eager to find flaws in the film's view of Chicago. It has an aggregate score of 79% (based on 63 critics' reviews) on Rotten Tomatoes, and an average rating of 7.7/10. Broderick was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1986 for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film opened in 1,330 theaters in the United States and had a total weekend gross of $6,275,647, opening at #2. ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off""s total gross in the United States

"Super Bowl XXXVI"
used different active and former players (and a player's widow) reading the Declaration for each version. Former U.S. presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton appeared in another videotaped segment and recited some of the speeches by Abraham Lincoln. Because Ronald Reagan had Alzheimer's disease, his wife Nancy appeared on the segment in place of him. Singers Mary J. Blige and Marc Anthony, along with the Boston Pops Orchestra, performed ""America the Beautiful"". Paul McCartney then sang his post-9/11 song ""Freedom"". Afterwards, singer Mariah Carey, accompanied by the Boston Pops Orchestra, performed the national anthem.

of ""This Is Us"" as guests. In a surprise move, Netflix used its advertising time to announce it had acquired the rights to ""The Cloverfield Paradox"", the third film in the ""Cloverfield"" series, and would make it available immediately after the game, potentially undercutting viewership of the lucrative post-game slot on NBC. Pink performed ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", while Leslie Odom Jr. sang ""America the Beautiful"". Pink spit out a throat lozenge shortly before singing the anthem, later verified after many commentators thought she had spit out a piece of gum. She reported being ill with flu symptoms during her performance.

"Super Bowl XXVII"
title as this episode. The pre show featured The Rockettes dance company in a tribute to Hollywood music and cinema in the United States. Also featured were former Eagles singer Glenn Frey and Fleetwood Mac. Country music singer Garth Brooks sang the national anthem. He was accompanied by actress Marlee Matlin, who signed the anthem for the deaf fans. Brooks very nearly did not perform the anthem—he left the stadium less than an hour before he was slated to sing, because of a dispute with NBC, regarding a video he asked them to air for the song ""We Shall Be

"Super Bowl XXV"
a video. It reached number 20 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 – making her the only act to turn the national anthem into a pop hit of that magnitude. Houston's rendition was critically acclaimed and largely regarded as one of the best renditions of the U.S. national anthem in history. The track was included on the album """". Following 9/11, the single was re-released by Arista Records, peaking at number 6 on the Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled ""A Small World

of the year from Adbowl M&M's ""Chocolate on our Pillow or Hotel Check In"" and EA Sports' Madden NFL 2002 which aired during the game three days after Madden NFL 2002 start selling in Japan by Electronic Arts Square. Before the game, an ensemble of singers featured Barry Manilow, Yolanda Adams, James Ingram, Wynonna Judd, and Patti LaBelle performing Manilow's song ""Let Freedom Ring."" In a video segment, past and present NFL players read excerpts from the Declaration of Independence, which has become a part of all subsequent Super Bowls carried by Fox Sports. Super Bowls XXXIX, XLII, and XLV

"Marlana VanHoose"
Marlana VanHoose Marlana Danieal VanHoose (born June 25, 1995) is an American contemporary Christian singer. She achieved fame by singing the National Anthem at major professional sporting events. VanHoose was born in Columbus, Ohio on June 25, 1995 and was the first of two children born to David VanHoose, a correctional officer in the federal prison system and Teresa (née Blair) VanHoose, a school teacher. VanHoose was born with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) which hindered the development of her optic nerve rendering her blind at birth and a diagnosis that she would not live past one year of age. After her first

"The Star Spangled Banner (Whitney Houston recording)"
was that it wasn't easy to sing to. I disagreed wholeheartedly."" Four days before the game, NFL officials ordered Best to phone Houston's father, John, and ask if she would record another version. The answer was no. Best said that ""I held that phone so far away from my ear."" Yet, when Houston stepped onto the field, Minor was filled with anxiety: ""I thought, 'What if everybody boos?'"" Two weeks later, the single was a big hit on the ""Billboard"" charts. On January 27, 1991–10 days into the Persian Gulf War—Whitney Houston took the field at Tampa Stadium and performed

what is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestine

"Lymph sacs"
from the lymphatics of the upper limbs, upper trunk, head, and neck. The lymph nodes eventually develop at the place of the jugular lymphatic sacs. From the left jugular lymphatic sac, the cervical part of the thoracic duct forms. From the right jugular lymphatic sac, the right lymphatic duct and the jugular and the subclavicular lymphatic trunks form. One week later, during the 6th week of fetal development, four more lymph sacs form. These are the retroperitoneal lymph sac, the cysterna chyli, and paired posterior lymph sacs. The posterior lymph sacs are associated with the junctions of the external and

"Lymphatic vessel"
the circular path through the body's system continues, the fluid is then transported to progressively larger lymphatic vessels culminating in the right lymphatic duct (for lymph from the right upper body) and the thoracic duct (for the rest of the body); both ducts ""drain"" into the circulatory system at the right and left subclavian veins. The system collaborates with white blood cells in lymph nodes to protect the body from being infected by cancer cells, fungi, viruses or bacteria. This is known as a secondary circulatory system. The lymph capillaries drain the lymph to larger ""contractile"" lymphatics, which have valves

Tonsil
and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Other viewpoints treat them (and the spleen and thymus) as large lymphatic organs contradistinguished from the smaller tissue loci of GALT and MALT. Tonsil Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract. The set of lymphatic tissue known as Waldeyer's tonsillar ring includes the adenoid tonsil, two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsil. When used unqualified, the term most commonly refers specifically to the palatine tonsils, which are masses of lymphatic material situated at either side of the back of the human throat. The palatine tonsils and the

(caliber) of the lumen. The outermost layer is the adventitia that consists of fibrous tissue. The general structure described here is seen only in larger lymphatics; smaller lymphatics have fewer layers. The smallest vessels (""lymphatic"" or ""lymph capillaries"") lack both the muscular layer and the outer adventitia. As they proceed forward and in their course are joined by other capillaries, they grow larger and first take on an adventitia, and then smooth muscles. The lymphatic conducting system broadly consists of two types of channels—the ""initial lymphatics"", the ""prelymphatics"" or ""lymph capillaries"" that specialize in collection of the lymph from the

Lymphatic vessel The lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled vessels (tubes) structured like blood vessels, that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscle, and adventitia that bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue. Lymph vessels are devoted to the propulsion of the lymph from the lymph capillaries, which are mainly concerned with absorption of interstitial fluid from the tissues. Lymph capillaries are slightly larger than their counterpart capillaries of the vascular system.

"Thoracic duct"
Thoracic duct In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the ""left lymphatic duct"", ""alimentary duct"", ""chyliferous duct"", and ""Van Hoorne's canal"". The other duct is the right lymphatic duct. It carries chyle, a liquid containing both lymph and emulsified fats, rather than pure lymph. Thus when it ruptures, the resulting flood of liquid into the pleural cavity is known as chylothorax. In adults, the thoracic duct is typically 38–45 cm in length and has an average diameter of about 5 mm. The vessel usually

internal iliac veins. These four new lymph sacs function in the collection of lymph from the trunk and lower extremities of the body. The cysterna chyli drains into a pair of thoracic lymphatic ducts initially. These ducts drain into the venous junctions of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. However, these ducts eventually become one thoracic duct that is derived from the caudal portion of the right duct, the cranial portion of the left duct, and median anastomosis. There are many transcription factors that regulate the development of the lymphatic system, particularly the lymph sacs, but in all of the

Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called afferent lymph vessels, and those that carry it from a lymph node are called efferent lymph vessels, from where the lymph may travel to another lymph node, may be returned to a vein, or may travel to a larger lymph duct. Lymph ducts drain the lymph into one of the subclavian veins and thus return it to general circulation. Generally, lymph flows away from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually to either the right lymphatic duct or the largest lymph vessel in the body, the thoracic duct. These

ISF, and the larger ""lymph vessels"" that propel the lymph forward. Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not closed and has no central pump. Lymph movement occurs despite low pressure due to peristalsis (propulsion of the lymph due to alternate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle), valves, and compression during contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle and arterial pulsation. The lymphatic circulation begins with blind ending (closed at one end) highly permeable superficial lymph capillaries, formed by endothelial cells with button-like junctions between them that allow fluid to pass through them when the interstitial pressure is sufficiently high. These

"Large intestine"
five sections: the cecum plus the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum. Sections of the colon are: The parts of the colon are either intraperitoneal or behind it in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal organs in general do not have a complete covering of peritoneum, so they are fixed in location. Intraperitoneal organs are completely surrounded by peritoneum and are therefore mobile. Of the colon, the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal, while the cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal. This is important as it affects which organs can

"Thriller (song)"
Jackson"" (2005) and ""Michael Jackson's This Is It"" (2009) and was remixed for the ""Immortal"" album in 2011. The song has a voice-over from actor Vincent Price. In the song, sound effects such as a creaking door, thunder, feet walking on wooden planks, winds and howling dogs can be heard, and the lyrics contain frightening themes and elements. ""Thriller"" received positive reviews from critics and became Jackson's seventh top-ten single on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Chart from the album, while reaching the top of the charts in France and Belgium and the top ten in many other countries. ""Thriller"" was

"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)"
by Indiana Jones. The jacket was intended to make Jackson appear ""virile"". She chose red to contrast with the night setting and dark palette, dressing him in ""hip"", casual clothes that would be comfortable to dance in, using the same color for his jacket and jeans to make him appear taller. ""Michael Jackson's Thriller"" was the first time Jackson had interacted with a woman in a video, which Landis described as a ""breakthrough"". Jennifer Beals turned down an offer to play the girlfriend. Ola Ray, a former Playboy Playmate, was cast as, according to Landis, she was ""crazy for Michael""

and had a ""great smile"". Landis encouraged Jackson and Ray to improvise during their scenes, and urged Jackson to satisfy his female fans by acting ""sexy"" and showing ""virility"". According to Ray, the attraction between them was real and they became intimate on set. Jackson's transformation makeup was designed by artist Rick Baker, who had worked on ""American Werewolf"". Elmer Bernstein composed incidental music for the video. The director of photography was Robert Paynter, who had worked with Landis on ""Trading Places."" ""Thriller"" was filmed at the Palace Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles, the zombie dance sequence at the junction

Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video) Michael Jackson's Thriller is a music video for the Michael Jackson song ""Thriller"". It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It was released on December 2, 1983, by Columbia Pictures. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater. Jackson becomes a zombie and performs a dance routine with a horde of the undead. The video references numerous horror films. Jackson contacted Landis after seeing his film ""An American Werewolf in London."" The pair conceived a short

"Robert Forster"
a previous relationship. Robert Forster Robert Wallace Forster, Jr. (born July 13, 1941) is an American actor, known for his roles as John Cassellis in Haskell Wexler's ""Medium Cool"" (1969), Lebanese terrorist Abdul Rafai in ""The Delta Force"" (1986), and Max Cherry in Quentin Tarantino's ""Jackie Brown"" (1997), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Forster's varied filmography further includes titles such as ""Reflections in a Golden Eye"" (1967), ""The Black Hole"" (1979), ""Alligator"" (1980), ""Me, Myself & Irene"" (2000), ""Mulholland Drive"" (2001), ""The Descendants"" (2011), ""Olympus Has Fallen"" (2013), and its sequel ""London

Robert Forster Robert Wallace Forster, Jr. (born July 13, 1941) is an American actor, known for his roles as John Cassellis in Haskell Wexler's ""Medium Cool"" (1969), Lebanese terrorist Abdul Rafai in ""The Delta Force"" (1986), and Max Cherry in Quentin Tarantino's ""Jackie Brown"" (1997), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Forster's varied filmography further includes titles such as ""Reflections in a Golden Eye"" (1967), ""The Black Hole"" (1979), ""Alligator"" (1980), ""Me, Myself & Irene"" (2000), ""Mulholland Drive"" (2001), ""The Descendants"" (2011), ""Olympus Has Fallen"" (2013), and its sequel ""London Has Fallen"" (2016).

"Tae Brooks"
Tae Brooks Taelyn Bryce Brooks (born October 6, 1997) better known by his stage name Tae Brooks, is an American recording artist, singer, songwriter and actor. Named by Billboard Magazine as #7 and #19 on the Next Big Sound chart, he is known as the voice of Michael Jackson in the animated TV series ""Black Dynamite"". Brooks was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and now resides in Los Angeles. Tae Brooks was born into a musical family of producers and songwriters and started singing at the age of 10 as a background vocalist on projects in the family garage studio. At

at #149. Tae Brooks is the son of Tricia and Billay Brooks. He is the nephew of Multi Grammy nominated songwriter/producer Chuck Brooks. Tae Brooks Taelyn Bryce Brooks (born October 6, 1997) better known by his stage name Tae Brooks, is an American recording artist, singer, songwriter and actor. Named by Billboard Magazine as #7 and #19 on the Next Big Sound chart, he is known as the voice of Michael Jackson in the animated TV series ""Black Dynamite"". Brooks was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and now resides in Los Angeles. Tae Brooks was born into a musical family of

adapted by director John Landis into a highly successful music video, known independently as ""Michael Jackson's Thriller"". At fourteen minutes, the video is substantially longer than the song and ties together a narrative featuring Jackson and actress Ola Ray in a setting heavily inspired by horror films of the 1950s. In the video's most iconic scene, Jackson leads other actors costumed as zombies in a choreographed dance routine. Though it garnered some criticism for its occult theme and violent imagery, the video was immediately popular and received high critical acclaim, being nominated for six MTV Video Music Awards in 1984

of Union Pacific Avenue and South Calzona Street in East Los Angeles, and the final house scene in the Angeleno Heights neighborhood at 1345 Carroll Avenue. All principal photography was done in mid-October 1983. Entertainment figures including Marlon Brando, Fred Astaire, Rock Hudson and Jackie Kennedy Onassis visited the set. Jackson's parents Joseph and Katherine Jackson also visited. According to Landis, Joseph refused to leave when Michael asked him to have him removed, and had to be escorted off the set by police, which Jackson denies. Two weeks before the premiere, Jackson called his assistant John Branca and ordered him

"Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives"
House. The position of parliamentarian was previously known as the ""Clerk at the Speaker's table,"" in which capacity the noted parliamentarian Asher Hinds served as an adviser to the powerful Speakers ""Czar"" Reed and ""Uncle Joe"" Cannon, who used precedent and procedure to facilitate their assertive management of House business (both were excoriated by opponents as ""czarlike"" or ""tyrannical""). A Parliamentarian has been appointed by the Speaker in every Congress since 1927. In the 95th Congress the House formally established an Office of the Parliamentarian to be managed by a nonpartisan Parliamentarian appointed by the Speaker (). The compilation and

Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives The Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives manages, supervises, and administers its Office of the Parliamentarian, which is responsible for advising presiding officers, Members, and staff on procedural questions under the U.S. Constitution, rule, and precedent, as well as for preparing, compiling, and publishing the precedents of the House. The Parliamentarian is appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. Consultation with the Office is confidential (if requested). The Parliamentarian,

who are sent to trial before the Senate, and in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for President, the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office, with one vote given to each state for that purpose. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. The Speaker and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members.

is rather deliberately and of set policy scattered amongst many small chiefs. It is divided up, as it were, into forty-seven seigniories, in each of which a Standing Committee is the court-baron and its chairman lord-proprietor. These petty barons, some of them not a little powerful, but none of them within the reach of the full powers of rule, may at will exercise almost despotic sway within their own shires, and may sometimes threaten to convulse even the realm itself. From 1910 to 1975 committee and subcommittee chairmanship was determined purely by seniority; congressmembers sometimes had to wait 30 years

"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives"
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, ""de facto"" leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated

order that a quorum is not present unless a question is being voted on. The presiding officer does not accept a point of order of no quorum during general debate, or when a question is not before the House. During debates, a member may speak only if called upon by the presiding officer. The presiding officer decides which members to recognize, and can therefore control the course of debate. All speeches must be addressed to the presiding officer, using the words ""Mr. Speaker"" or ""Madam Speaker"". Only the presiding officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be

Speaker. As the office has developed historically, however, it has taken on a clearly partisan cast, very different from the speakership of most Westminster-style legislatures, such as the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which is meant to be scrupulously non-partisan. The Speaker in the United States, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives, outranking the Majority Leader. However, despite having the right to vote, the Speaker usually does not participate in debate. The Speaker is responsible for ensuring that the House passes legislation supported by the majority party. In pursuing this

Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. The House is also served by several officials who are not members. The House's chief such officer is the Clerk, who maintains public records, prepares documents, and oversees junior officials, including pages, until the discontinuation of the House pages in 2011. The Clerk also presides over the House at the beginning of each new Congress pending the election of a Speaker. Another officer is the Chief Administrative Officer, responsible for the day-to-day administrative support to the House of Representatives. This includes everything from

referred to in the third person. In most cases, members do not refer to each other only by name, but also by state, using forms such as ""the gentleman from Virginia"", ""the distinguished gentlewoman from California"", or ""my distinguished friend from Alabama"". There are 448 permanent seats on the House Floor and four tables, two on each side. These tables are occupied by members of the committee that have brought a bill to the floor for consideration and by the respective party leadership. Members address the House from microphones at any table or ""the well,"" the area immediately in front

not affect members' and staffers' eligibility for other health benefits related to federal employment, so current members and staff are eligible to participate in FSAFEDS (which has three options within the program), the Federal Employees Dental and Vision Insurance Program, and the Federal Long Term Care Insurance Program. There is an Office of the Attending Physician at the U.S. Capitol, which current members may seek health care from for an annual fee. The attending physician provides routine exams, consultations, and certain diagnostics, and may write prescriptions (although it does not dispense them). The office does not provide vision or dental

"Back to God"
are scattered with shots of different people feeling loss and hurt of faith, ultimately united by their collective experience in church, where they start to heal. Back to God ""Back to God"" is a song performed by American singer, Reba McEntire. It was released as the second single from her 2017 album, """", on January 20, 2017. A duet version with Lauren Daigle was released on April 2, 2017. The song became McEntire first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, and Daigle's second. The track held the No. 1 position for one week. ""Back to God"" was originally released on January

Back to God ""Back to God"" is a song performed by American singer, Reba McEntire. It was released as the second single from her 2017 album, """", on January 20, 2017. A duet version with Lauren Daigle was released on April 2, 2017. The song became McEntire first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, and Daigle's second. The track held the No. 1 position for one week. ""Back to God"" was originally released on January 20, 2017 as the second single from her twenty-ninth studio album """"Sing It Now: Songs of Faith & Hope""."" The song was written by Dallas Davidson

"Back to the Country"
– Billboard (North America) Singles – Billboard (North America) Back to the Country Back to the Country is the twenty-fourth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on February 3, 1975, by MCA Records. The album's only single, ""The Pill"", a controversial song about birth control, brought Lynn much notoriety in the media and was banned on a number of radio stations, although the single was reportedly Lynn's best selling of the decade. The album peaked at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Top Country Albums chart. The only single released from the album, ""The Pill"",

Back to the Country Back to the Country is the twenty-fourth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on February 3, 1975, by MCA Records. The album's only single, ""The Pill"", a controversial song about birth control, brought Lynn much notoriety in the media and was banned on a number of radio stations, although the single was reportedly Lynn's best selling of the decade. The album peaked at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Top Country Albums chart. The only single released from the album, ""The Pill"", peaked at No. 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country

and Randy Houser. Doug Sisemore, Reba McEntire and Jay DeMarcus provided production for the track. McEntire performed the song alongside Lauren Daigle at the 2017 American Country Music Awards. The performance was met with great praise, prompting them to release an official duet version of the song on April 2, 2017. The song was originally written by Randy Houser, who recorded the song for his 2008 album, ""Anything Goes"". McEntire found it, and said the song had a special place in her heart. “When Randy didn’t release it as a single, I thought, hmm, maybe someday I get to do

Songs chart, despite being banned by a number of radio stations. Recording sessions for the album began on August 29, 1974, at Bradley's Barn in Mount Juliet, TN. Three additional sessions followed on December 17, December 18, and December 19, 1974. Three songs on the album were from recording sessions for previous albums. ""The Pill"" and ""The Hands of Yesterday"" were recorded during the December 12, 1972 session for 1973's ""Entertainer of the Year"". ""Paper Roses"" was recorded on March 4, 1974, during a session for 1974's ""They Don't Make 'Em Like My Daddy"". Adapted from album liner notes. Album

that,” she said. “I had to make it different because his [version] was so good … So we got it on there, but it’s a great song! Everybody was saying, ‘Oh my gosh, we need this, we need this song right now.’ Well, we’ve always needed this song.” The track is about getting closer to God, when you seem to have drifted away. The music video for the single ""Back to God"" was released on January 24, 2017. In the ""Back to God"" video, filmed by director Mason Dixon in the Nashville area, scenes of McEntire alone in a sanctuary

"Back to Black"
Back to Black Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse. It was released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. The album spawned five singles: ""Rehab"", ""You Know I'm No Good"", ""Back to Black"", ""Tears Dry on Their Own"" and ""Love Is a Losing Game"". ""Back to Black"" was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Winehouse's songwriting and emotive singing style as well as Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson's production. At the 50th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony, ""Back to Black"" won Best Pop Vocal Album and was also nominated for

"Back (album)"
Back (album) Back is the name of a studio album by country music singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1983. This album was Anderson's first in three years. She had since been in brief retirement to start a family with her second (and now ex-husband), Harold ""Spook Stream"", and raise her other children. Thus, Anderson left her old record company (Columbia) in 1980. In 1983, Anderson decided to record again and release a comeback album, as the title ""Back"" implied. The album brought Anderson back into the country market, along with a few more hits under her belt. Three singles were

"Sing It Now: Songs of Faith & Hope"
newer material. McEntire wrote a song on the album ""I Got the Lord on My Side"" with the help of her mother Jackie McEntire. The album has also been released on LP. To promote the album, McEntire performed a one-night-only show at the Ryman Auditorium on February 15, 2017. The music video for the single ""Back to God"" was released on January 24, 2017. While McEntire is most known for her work in country music, she has stated that she has wanted to do a gospel album since the mid-1980s. She recorded the album in the wake of her divorce

"The Lord of the Rings (film series)"
won for a single film, with """" receiving eleven Oscars. The majority of critics have also praised the series, with Kenneth Turan of the ""Los Angeles Times"" writing that ""the trilogy will not soon, if ever, find its equal"". Some were critical of the films' pacing and length: ""It's a collection of spectacular set pieces without any sense of momentum driving them into one another"" according to ""Philadelphia Weekly"". On Rotten Tomatoes, the films received approval ratings of 91%, 95%, and 93% respectively. Metacritic, based on its ratings for each film (92, 87, and 94 respectively), features the series within

started mixing for ""The Return of the King"". The first film has around 540 effect shots, the second 799, and the third 1,488 (2,730 in total). The total increases to 3,420 with the extended editions. 260 visual effect artists began work on the series, and the number doubled by ""The Two Towers"". The crew, led by Jim Rygiel and Randy Cook, worked long hours, often overnight, to produce special effects within a short space of time. Jackson's active imagination was a driving force. For example, several major shots of Helm's Deep were produced within the last six weeks of post-production

compiled by ""Empire"", with Viggo Mortensen's portrayal of Aragorn ranking No. 15, Ian McKellen's portrayal of Gandalf ranking No. 30, Ian Holm's portrayal of Bilbo Baggins (shared with Martin Freeman for his portrayal of the same character in ""The Hobbit"" films) ranking No. 61, Andy Serkis' portrayal of Gollum ranking No. 66, Sean Astin's portrayal of Samwise Gamgee ranking No. 77, and Orlando Bloom's portrayal of Legolas ranking No. 94. The three films together were nominated for a total of 30 Academy Awards, of which they won 17, a record for any movie trilogy (the three nominations for """" and

Best Picture (after ""The Godfather Part II"") and the first fantasy film to receive this honor, though this has been widely perceived as an award by proxy for the entire series (the first two films were also nominated for Best Picture). No actors in any of the three films won Oscars, and Ian McKellen was the only actor in the trilogy to receive a nomination, for his work in ""The Fellowship of the Ring"". As well as Academy Awards, each film in the series won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the MTV Movie Award for Best Movie, and

The Lord of the Rings (film series) The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel ""The Lord of the Rings"" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled """" (2001), """" (2002) and """" (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema. The trilogy was one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken. It had a budget of $281 to $330 million depending on

reasons); he wanted to make a film trilogy. Now Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to write three new scripts. The expansion to three films allowed much more creative freedom, although Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to restructure their script accordingly. The three films do not correspond exactly to the trilogy's three volumes, but rather represent a three-part adaptation. Jackson takes a more chronological approach to the story than did Tolkien. Frodo's quest is the main focus, and Aragorn is the main sub-plot, and many sequences (such as Tom Bombadil) that do not contribute directly to those two plots were left

the source. All three films were shot over eight years simultaneously and entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand. One in every 160 New Zealanders was part of the production. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material. Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) as he and the Fellowship embark on

2014, brand new Blu-ray steelbook editions of the five-disc Extended Editions were released. The first, ""The Fellowship of the Ring"", was released on 24 March 2014. The discs are identical to those found in the previous five-disc Blu-ray set. Unadjusted for inflation, ""The Lord of the Rings"" film series is the highest-grossing film trilogy worldwide of all time, higher even than other film franchises such as the original ""Star Wars"" trilogy and ""The Godfather"" trilogy. The film series grossed a total of $2.91 billion and also tied a record with ""Ben-Hur"" and ""Titanic"" for the total number of Academy Awards

November 2002, containing 30 minutes more footage, an Alan Lee painting of the Fellowship entering Moria, and the Moria Gate on the back of the sleeve; an Argonath-styled bookend was included with the Collector's Edition. ""The Two Towers"", released on 18 November 2003, contained 44 minutes extra footage and a Lee painting of Gandalf the White's entrance; the Collector's Edition contained a Sméagol statue, with a crueller-looking statue of his Gollum persona available by order for a limited time. ""The Return of the King"" was released on 14 December 2004, having 51 minutes more footage, a Lee painting of the

a different editor for each film. John Gilbert worked on the first film, Mike Horton and Jabez Olssen on the second and longtime Jackson collaborator Jamie Selkirk and Annie Collins on the third. Daily rushes would often last up to four hours, with scenes being done throughout 1999–2002 for the rough (4½ hours) assemblies of the films. In total, 1828 km (six million feet) of film was edited down to the 11 hours and 23 minutes (683 minutes) of Extended running time. This was the final area of shaping of the films, when Jackson realised that sometimes the best scripting

Pytheas
Arctic pole"", as some translations say. The numerous population of natives, he says, live in thatched cottages, store their grain in subterranean caches and bake bread from it. They are ""of simple manners"" (""ēthesin haplous"") and are content with plain fare. They are ruled by many kings and princes who live in peace with each other. Their troops fight from chariots, as did the Greeks in the Trojan War. Opposite Europe in Diodorus is the promontory (""akrōtērion"") of ""Kantion"" (Kent), 100 stadia, about , from the land, but the text is ambiguous: ""the land"" could be either Britain or the

"Achaeans (Homer)"
Achaeans (Homer) The Achaeans (; ""Akhaioí,"" ""the Achaeans"" or ""of Achaea"") constitute one of the collective names for the Greeks in Homer's ""Iliad"" (used 598 times) and ""Odyssey"". The other common names are Danaans (; ""Danaoi""; used 138 times in the ""Iliad"") and Argives (; ; used 182 times in the ""Iliad"") while Panhellenes ( ""Panhellenes,"" ""All of the Greeks"") and Hellenes (; ""Hellenes"") both appear only once; all of the aforementioned terms were used synonymously to denote a common Greek civilizational identity. In the historical period, the Achaeans were the inhabitants of the region of Achaea, a region in

Aeaea
writers with Mount Circeo on Cape Circeo (Cape Circaeum) on the western coast of Italy—about 100 kilometers south of Rome—which may have looked like an island due to the marshes and sea surrounding its base but which is a small peninsula. It was already a peninsula according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus. However, it may have been still an island in the days of Homer, with a long ""lido"" or sandy peninsula that gradually became attached to the mainland, in a common geological process. Archeologists have identified one cave or grotto on the cape as ""Grotta della Maga Circe"", the cave

Phrygia
to have associated himself with Silenus and other satyrs and with Dionysus, who granted him a ""golden touch"". In one version of his story, Midas travels from Thrace accompanied by a band of his people to Asia Minor to wash away the taint of his unwelcome ""golden touch"" in the river Pactolus. Leaving the gold in the river's sands, Midas found himself in Phrygia, where he was adopted by the childless king Gordias and taken under the protection of Cybele. Acting as the visible representative of Cybele, and under her authority, it would seem, a Phrygian king could designate his

Aethiopia
was applied to such dark-skinned populations as came within the range of observation of the ancient geographers i.e. primarily in what was then Nubia, and with the expansion of geographical knowledge, successively extended to certain other areas below the Sahara. Homer (c. 8th century BC) is the first to mention ""Aethiopians"" (Αἰθίοπες, Αἰθιοπῆες); he mentions that they are to be found at the east and west extremities of the world, divided by the sea into ""eastern"" (at the sunrise) and ""western"" (at the sunset). In Rhapsody A of the Iliad, Thetis visits Olympus to meet Zeus, but the meeting is

Aethiopia
a capital at Meroë, adding that the only deities worshipped there were Zeus (Amun) and Dionysus (Osiris). He relates that in the reign of Pharaoh Psamtik I (c. 650 BCE), many Egyptian soldiers deserted their country and settled amidst the Aethiopians. Herodotus tells us that king Cambyses II (c. 570 BC) of the Achaemenid Empire sent spies to the Aethiopians ""who dwelt in that part of Libya (Africa) which borders upon the southern sea."" They found a strong and healthy people. Although Cambyses then campaigned toward their country, by not preparing enough provisions for the long march, his army completely

Cyclops
sons of the sea god, the man-slaying Cyclopes, live in their desolate caves"". Another source for the story of Polyphemus is ""Idyll XI. The Cyclops"" by Theocritus (circa 270 BC), in which the cyclopes' home is, following Euripides, near Mount Etna in Sicily. Since Euripides and Theocritus, the Sicilian location has become attached to the cyclops story. It is estimated that Homer's ""Odyssey"" was composed sometime in the 50-year period from 725 to 675 BC, and it is thought that it shows the influence of earlier oral poetic traditions of different peoples. In the ""Odyssey"" the episodes that are placed

"Epirot Islands"
Epirot Islands Epirote Islands are considered those northern Ionian islands that are in proximity to the Epirus mainland. These include: According to legend, the Epirote Islands were ruled by the descendants of Neoptolemus (or Pyrrhus), who came there, defeating the native Molossoi, after the events of the Trojan War. The island of Ithaki was also the legendary home of Odysseus, though he was exiled by Neoptolemus after the slaughter of Penelope's suitors in the Odyssey. At the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE most of the islands, notably Kerkyra, took the side of Athens but Lefkada took the

Phocaea
Phocaea Phocaea, or Phokaia (Ancient Greek: Φώκαια, ""Phókaia""; modern-day Foça in Turkey) was an ancient Ionian Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia. Greek colonists from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia (modern day Marseille, in France) in 600 BC, Emporion (modern day Empúries, in Catalonia, Spain) in 575 BC and Elea (modern day Velia, in Campania, Italy) in 540 BC. Phocaea was the northernmost of the Ionian cities, on the boundary with Aeolis. It was located near the mouth of the river Hermus (now Gediz), and situated on the coast of the peninsula separating the Gulf of Cyme

Phthia
Phthia In Greek mythology Phthia (; or Φθίη ""Phthía, Phthíē"") was a city in ancient Thessaly which was later incorporated into Achaea Phthiotis. Phthia is the home of the Myrmidones, the contingent led by Achilles in the Trojan War. It was founded by Aiakos, grandfather of Achilles, it was the home of his father Peleus, his sea-nymph mother Thetis, and his son Neoptolemus, who reigned as king after the Trojan War. Phthia is referenced in Plato's ""Crito"", where Socrates, in jail and awaiting his execution, relates a dream he has had (""43d–44b""): ""I thought that a beautiful and comely woman

Minute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA in one season with 3,882,

"John Havlicek"
about this in his memoir ""Calling the Shots"", called Havlicek's reaction one of the greatest plays he ever saw in his 32 years as a professional official. Havlicek is the Celtics' all-time leader in points and games played, scoring 26,395 points (20.8 points per game, 13th all-time in points scored in the NBA), and playing in 1,270 games (17th all-time). He became the first player to score 1,000 points in 16 consecutive seasons, with his best season coming during the 1970–71 NBA season when he averaged 28.9 points per game. Havlicek shares the NBA Finals single-game record for most points

because ""someday that guy is going to score 100"". Rival center Bill Russell predicted, ""[Chamberlain] has the size, strength, and stamina to score one hundred some night."" In a high school game in 1955, Chamberlain had scored 90 points in a 123–21 victory. ""The Philadelphia Inquirer"" wrote, ""Chamberlain might have hit 100 if he had played the entire 32 minutes."" Before Chamberlain, the most dominant big man in the NBA was George Mikan. In November 1950, the Fort Wayne Pistons held the ball for minutes at a time without shooting to limit the impact of the Minneapolis Lakers' Mikan. The

"French colonization of Texas"
French colonization of Texas The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas. It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle. He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead to the west, off the coast of Texas. The colony survived until 1688. The present-day town of Inez is near the fort's site. The colony faced numerous difficulties during its brief existence, including Native American raids, epidemics,

National Underwater and Marine Agency searched for ""L'Aimable"" from 1997 until 1999. Although they found a promising location, the ship was buried under more than of sand and could not be reached. French colonization of Texas The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas. It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle. He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead to the west, off the

the mouth of the Mississippi River, and overcorrection for the currents, the expedition failed to find the Mississippi. Instead, they landed at Matagorda Bay in early 1685, west of the Mississippi. On February 20, the colonists set foot on land for the first time in three months since leaving Saint-Domingue. They set up a temporary camp near the site of the present-day Matagorda Island Lighthouse. The chronicler of the expedition, Henri Joutel, described his first view of Texas: ""The country did not seem very favorable to me. It was flat and sandy but did nevertheless produce grass. There were several

survived the final attack were the Talon children, who had been adopted by the Karankawa. According to the children, the settlement had been attacked around Christmas of 1688, and all the remaining settlers had been killed. Only 15 or 16 people survived the colony. Six returned to France, while nine others were captured by the Spanish, including the four children who had been spared by the Karankawa. The children were initially brought to the viceroy of New Spain, the Conde de Galve, who treated them as servants. Two of the boys, Pierre and Jean-Baptiste, later returned to France. Of the

States in return for the United States' relinquishing its claim on Texas. The official boundary of Texas was set at the Sabine River (the current boundary between Texas and Louisiana), and following the Red and Arkansas rivers to the 42nd parallel (California's current northern border). In 1908, historian Herbert Eugene Bolton identified an area along Garcitas Creek, near Matagorda Bay, as the location of Fort St. Louis. Other historians, before and after Bolton, argued that the fort was located on Lavaca River in Jackson County. Five decades later, the University of Texas at Austin funded a partial excavation of Bolton's

drunk. Many of the sailors did not know how to sail, and they grounded the boat on Matagorda Peninsula. The survivors took a canoe to the fort, leaving the ship behind. The destruction of their last ship left the settlers stranded on the Texas coast, with no hope of gaining assistance from the French colonies in the Caribbean Sea. By early January 1687, fewer than 45 of the original 180 people remained in the colony, which was beset by internal strife. La Salle believed that their only hope of survival lay in trekking overland to request assistance from New France,

Indians' allegiance to the crown, leading them to the true faith, and maintaining intertribal peace"". La Salle originally planned to sail to New France, journey overland to the south and Illinois Country, and then travel down the Mississippi River to its mouth. To spite Spain, Louis XIV insisted that La Salle sail through the Gulf of Mexico, which Spain considered its exclusive property. Although La Salle had requested only one ship, on July 24, 1684, he left La Rochelle, France with four: the 36-gun man of war ""Le Joly"", the 300-ton storeship ""L'Aimable"", the barque ""La Belle"", and the ketch

their surroundings. At the end of October 1685, La Salle decided to undertake a longer expedition and reloaded the ""Belle"" with many of the remaining supplies. He took 50 men, plus the ""Belle's"" crew of 27 sailors, leaving behind 34 men, women, and children. Most of the men traveled with La Salle in canoes, while the ""Belle"" followed further off the coast. After three days of travel, they learned of hostile Native Americans in the area. Twenty of the Frenchmen attacked the Native American village, where they found Spanish artifacts. Several of the men died on this expedition from eating

the area between the Rio Grande and the Mississippi. Four Spanish expeditions the following year failed to find La Salle, but helped Spain to better understand the geography of the Gulf Coast region. In 1688, the Spanish sent three more expeditions, two by sea and one by land. The land expedition, led by Alonso De León, discovered Jean Gery, who had deserted the French colony and was living in Southern Texas with the Coahuiltecans. Using Gery as a translator and guide, De León finally found the French fort in late April 1689. The fort and the five crude houses surrounding

a message from La Salle requesting additional supplies, French authorities, having made peace with Spain, never responded. The remaining colonists suffered from dysentery and venereal diseases, and people died daily. Those who were fit helped build crude dwellings and a temporary fort on Matagorda Island. On March 24, La Salle took 52 men in five canoes to find a less exposed settlement site. They found Garcitas Creek that had fresh water and fish, with good soil along its banks. They named it Rivière aux Boeufs for the nearby buffalo herds. The fort was constructed on a bluff overlooking the creek,

be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended. For many years, the speech was referred to as ""the President's Annual Message to Congress"". The actual term ""State of the Union"" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its

generally accepted name since 1947. Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February. The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term. In years when a new president is inaugurated, the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message, but

of this ""State of the Union Clause"" of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3, and as late as February 12. While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover, has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written

report. Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a ""State of the Union"". What began as a communication between president and Congress has become in effect a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and

"1791 State of the Union Address"
1791 State of the Union Address The state of union is an address, in the United States, given by the president to a joint session of Congress, the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. The United States constitution requires the president “from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union.” Today the state of the union address is given as a speech, though this is not a requirement of the constitution. George Washington chose to address the congress in a speech annually, on October 25, 1791 he gave his third speech.

State of the Union The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation, and also allows the President to propose a legislative agenda (for which the cooperation of Congress is needed) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically ""give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,

"1828 State of the Union Address"
1828 State of the Union Address The 1828 State of the Union Address was written by John Quincy Adams, on Tuesday, December 2, 1828. It was read to both houses of the 20th United States Congress by a clerk on that day. He said, ""If the enjoyment in profusion of the bounties of Providence forms a suitable subject of mutual gratulation and grateful acknowledgment, we are admonished at this return of the season when the representatives of the nation are assembled to deliberate upon their concerns to offer up the tribute of fervent and grateful hearts for the never failing

"Clemson Tigers football"
to the Alabama Crimson Tide in the championship game on January 11, 2016. Clemson was selected to the third College Football Playoff as the second seed and defeated the third seed Ohio State on December 31, 2016 in the 2016 PlayStation Fiesta Bowl. The Tigers defeated the Alabama Crimson Tide in the national championship game on January 9, 2017. Since its beginnings in 1896, Clemson has completed six undefeated seasons. This includes three perfect seasons in which the Tigers were undefeated and untied. Clemson won the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1900 and 1902 (tied 1903 and 1906) along with

Clemson Tigers football The Clemson Tigers, known traditionally as the ""Clemson University Tigers"", represent Clemson University in the sport of American football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Formed in 1896, the program has over 700 wins and has achieved two consensus Division I Football National Championships in the modern era and were College Football Playoff National Championship Finalists in 2015 and 2016, winning the championship game over the Alabama Crimson Tide for the 2016 season. Clemson has had 6

"Clemson Tigers"
head coach, having replaced Jack Leggett after the conclusion of the 2015 season. <nowiki>*</nowiki> - recognized ACC championships. ACC tournament has decided conference champion since 1973 (except for 1979 due to academic conflicts) § - the ACC does not recognize Division Championships in baseball. Divisions serve the purpose of simplifying conference scheduling during the regular season. Winning percentages in regular season conference play are then used to determine seedings for the Conference Tournament. The men's soccer team was Clemson's second sports program to win a national championship, winning the NCAA Tournament in 1984 and again in 1987. In their 26

school. The Tigers' most recent ACC championships came back-to-back-to-back-to-back in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 the latter with a 12–0 regular season and a 42-10 win over the Pittsburg Panthers. Among its seven undefeated regular seasons, Clemson was crowned poll-era National Champions and finished with its third perfect season with a win over Nebraska in the 48th Orange Bowl, and was the National Championship Finalist Runner-up with a 14–1 record in 2015. The next year Clemson won the National Title over #1 Alabama in college football's first National Championship rematch in 2016. The Tigers have 41 bowl appearances, 18 of

undefeated seasons including 3 perfect seasons, 23 conference championships, 6 divisional titles since 2005, and has produced over 100 All-Americans, 17 Academic All-Americans, and over 200 NFL players. Clemson has had seven members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Banks McFadden, Terry Kinard, Jeff Davis, and former coaches John Heisman, Jess Neely, Frank Howard, and Danny Ford. With 24 total conference titles, Clemson is one of the founding members of the ACC, and holds 17 ACC titles, the most of any member, and holds the most combined conference football titles of any Atlantic Coast Conference

"Clemson Tigers men's basketball"
Clemson Tigers men's basketball The Clemson Tigers men's basketball team is a college basketball program that represents Clemson University and competes in the NCAA Division I. Clemson is a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Clemson sponsored its first men's basketball team in the 1911–12 season, winning its first conference championship in 1939, and in the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1990. The Tigers have reached the NCAA Tournament 12 times in the modern era (1980, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2018) since the tournament expansion in 1980, advancing to the NCAA Sweet 16 four

This is a list of Clemson's ten most recent bowl games. In 1951, the College Football Hall of Fame opened in South Bend, Indiana. Clemson has had 3 players and 4 former coaches inducted into the Hall of Fame. + Steve Fuller's number 4 was retired in 1979. However, it was brought out of retirement in 2014 to be worn by quarterback Deshaun Watson. + C. J. Spiller's number 28 was retired in 2010. However, it was brought out of retirement in 2016 to be worn by running back Tavien Feaster The NCAA recognizes All-Americans selected by the Associated Press

the Southern Conference title in 1940 and 1948. Their 17 ACC titles (16 outright, 1 tied) is the most ACC football championships. North Carolina State and Clemson were then declared co-champions. In 2005, the Atlantic Coast Conference divided into two divisions of six teams each and began holding an ACC Championship Game at the conclusion of the regular football season to determine the ACC Football Champions. Clemson won its first outright ACC Atlantic Division championship in 2009 and again in 2011. In 2012, Clemson tied for a share of the Atlantic Division Championship and was named co-champion of the division.

his career. Clemson won the ACC championship and secured its second trip to the CFP National Championship with a 31–0 shutout of semi-finalist #3 Ohio State in the 2016 Fiesta Bowl. The Tigers competed in the College Football Playoff National Championship game in Tampa, Florida on January 9, 2017, beating the previously undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide 35–31 on a game-winning touchdown with one second remaining, and winning the 2016 National Championship. The Clemson-South Carolina rivalry which dates back to 1896 is the largest annual sporting event in terms of ticket sales in the state of South Carolina. From 1896 to

the line. Alabama won the contest by a score of 24–6. Clemson finished their undefeated 1981 season with a 22–15 victory over the #4 Nebraska Cornhuskers in the 1982 Orange Bowl, and were named the national champions by all major selectors. † Other consensus selectors included Berryman, Billingsley, DeVold, FACT, FB News, Football Research, FW, Helms, Litkenhous, Matthews, National Championship Foundation, NFF, New York Times, Poling, Sagarin, and Sporting News Clemson was selected as the one seed in the second College Football Playoff and defeated the fourth seed Oklahoma on December 31, 2015 in the 2015 Orange Bowl. They lost

"Human skeleton"
of the spine are supported by many ligaments. The erector spinae muscles are also supporting and are useful for balance. The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) is formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle or pelvis, and the lower limbs. Their functions are to make locomotion possible and to protect the major organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction. The skeleton serves six major functions: support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals and endocrine regulation. The skeleton provides the framework which supports the body and maintains its shape. The pelvis, associated ligaments and muscles provide

and the bones of the upper and lower limbs. The human skeleton performs six major functions; support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation. The human skeleton is not as sexually dimorphic as that of many other primate species, but subtle differences between sexes in the morphology of the skull, dentition, long bones, and pelvis exist. In general, female skeletal elements tend to be smaller and less robust than corresponding male elements within a given population. The human female pelvis is also different from that of males in order to facilitate childbirth. Unlike most primates,

a floor for the pelvic structures. Without the rib cages, costal cartilages, and intercostal muscles, the lungs would collapse. The joints between bones allow movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others, e.g. the ball and socket joint allows a greater range of movement than the pivot joint at the neck. Movement is powered by skeletal muscles, which are attached to the skeleton at various sites on bones. Muscles, bones, and joints provide the principal mechanics for movement, all coordinated by the nervous system. It is believed that the reduction of human bone density in prehistoric times reduced

Skeleton
as in the pinnipeds (seals). In the whale, the cervical vertebrae are typically fused, an adaptation trading flexibility for stability during swimming. The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. It serves as a scaffold which supports organs, anchors muscles, and protects organs such as the brain, lungs, heart and spinal cord. Although the teeth do not consist of tissue commonly found in bones, the teeth are usually considered as members of the skeletal system. The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the upper leg, and

the agility and dexterity of human movement. Shifting from hunting to agriculture has caused human bone density to reduce significantly. The skeleton helps to protect our many vital internal organs from being damaged. The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow. In children, haematopoiesis occurs primarily in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum. The bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron

Skeleton
This structure formed is porous and therefore firm and at the same time light. It coalesces into small calcareous ossicles (bony plates), which can grow in all directions and thus can replace the loss of a body part. Connected by joints, the individual skeletal parts can be moved by the muscles. In most vertebrates, the main skeletal component is referred to as bone. These bones compose a unique skeletal system for each type of animal. Another important component is cartilage which in mammals is found mainly in the joint areas. In other animals, such as the cartilaginous fishes, which include

Human skeleton The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 21. The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle

Skeleton
the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear. In an adult, the skeleton comprises around 14% of the total body weight, and half of this weight is water. Fused bones include those of the pelvis and the cranium. Not all bones are interconnected directly: There are three bones in each middle ear called the ossicles that articulate only with each other. The hyoid bone, which is located in the neck and serves as the point of attachment for the tongue, does not articulate with any other bones in the body, being supported by muscles and ligaments. There are

Skeleton
Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones have a variety of shapes with a complex internal and external structure they are also lightweight, yet strong and hard. One of the types of tissue that makes up bone tissue is mineralized tissue and this gives it rigidity and a honeycomb-like three-dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include marrow, endosteum and

Skeleton
periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the adult human body and 270 in an infant. During embryogenesis the precursor to bone development is cartilage. Much of this substance is then replaced by bone during the second and third trimester, after the flesh such as muscle has formed around it; forming the skeleton. Cartilage is a stiff and inflexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the

"The Hateful Eight"
to be an ensemble where nobody is more important than anybody else."" On September 26, 2014, the state of Colorado had signed to fund the film's production with $5 million, and the complete film would be shot in Southwest Colorado. A 900-acre ranch was leased to the production for the filming. There was a meeting on October 16, and the county's planning commission issued a permit for the construction of a temporary set. Principal photography began on December 8, 2014, in Colorado on the Schmid Ranch near Telluride. The film's special make-up effects were created by Greg Nicotero, known for

"Killing Season (film)"
on January 16, 2012, in the Appalachian Mountains of north Georgia. Major filming was scheduled for Tallulah Gorge State Park and Black Rock Mountain State Park. The locations in Rabun County were chosen by director Mark Steven Johnson to create the effect and mood he had previously seen in the film ""Deliverance"". Other minor filming locations included Sofia, Bulgaria, Sweetwater Creek State Park, and the Pine Mountain Gold Museum in Stockmar Park, Villa Rica. International sales for ""Killing Season"", offered by the American Film Market, commenced on November 2, 2011, in Santa Monica. American cellist/singer/songwriter Ben Sollee contributed solo cello

"Super 8 (2011 film)"
Riley Griffiths sent Abrams a tape of himself in order to land the part of Charles. Filming took place in Weirton, West Virginia, from September to October 2010. To promote the film, Valve Corporation created a short video game segment and released it alongside the Windows and Mac versions of ""Portal 2"". Abrams' original plan was to film all of the sequences for the film-within-a-film, ""The Case"", in Super-8 using Pro8mm stock and cameras. However, this approach proved unsuccessful, as visual effects house Industrial Light and Magic found it impossible to integrate CGI into the footage due to the format's

"Resident Evil: Apocalypse"
the character was rewritten to suit Epps's personality. Evanescence guitarist Ben Moody was given a cameo as a zombie Ginovaef kills. The film was shot in Ontario, Canada; Toronto and its surrounding suburbs stood in for Raccoon City. Cinematography was performed by Christian Sebaldt and Derek Rogers, and filming took place at 47 locations. Very few sets were made for the film. Several city blocks were closed down and the Prince Edward Viaduct bridge was closed for three days so scenes could be filmed on it. Scenes were shot outside Toronto City Hall for two weeks. Jovovich and Matthew Taylor

"Bloodletting (The Walking Dead)"
daughter and Maggie's half-sister, Beth. Principal photography commenced in Newnan, Georgia at Newnan High School in July 2011, after approval was received from the city council and the Coweta County School System. Site preparation initiated on July 1, and filming began at the gymnasium of the school over a period of four days from July 7–8 and again from July 11–12. The location was temporarily renovated to mirror an abandoned Federal Emergency Management Agency camp. Michael Riley, the production manager for the episode, contacted the Newnan Police Department to collaborate with producers. Because of the large size of the filming

spent several hours a day for six weeks practicing martial arts together for the fight scene between Alice and Nemesis. The fight was originally scripted to appear in a train station and focus heavily on interaction with props, though was eventually shot in an open space outside Toronto City Hall after Witt decided to give the fight less screen time. Actors portraying zombies spent four days training with choreographers at a zombie ""boot camp"" to make sure they all had consistent behavior and movements. Anderson and other crew members considered making the zombies move faster but decided that it would

"Eighth Grade (film)"
said Burnham cast him because he ""liked my look"". The film was shot in Suffern, New York in summer 2017, over 27 days, with shooting at Suffern Middle School in July. For the mall scenes, exterior shots were taken at Palisades Center in West Nyack, New York, while interior scenes were shot at the nearby The Galleria at White Plains. Burnham did not cover up the natural look of Fisher's skin. Fisher said she wore some make-up, but her acne was still visible. Her habit of ending conversations with ""Gucci!"" was imitated by Burnham and others on set and incorporated

"Edge of Darkness (2010 film)"
William Monahan (fresh from winning an Academy Award for King's ""The Departed"") to re-write the screenplay. Michael Wearing and BBC Films also co-produced the film. Filming began on 18 August 2008 in Boston, Massachusetts. A scene where Craven scatters his daughter's ashes at a beach was filmed at Rockport on 25 and 26 September. They shot some scenes in Merrimac, Massachusetts from 15 September 2008 to 18 September 2008. Additional scenes were shot in Malden, Massachusetts in the old Malden hospital. Some of the final scenes were shot at a home in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. Additionally, Gibson and his crew set

"Punishment Park"
the trial of the Chicago Seven, the Kent State shootings, police brutality, and political polarisation. ""Punishment Park"" was shot in 16mm with a skeleton crew of eight people and only one Eclair camera. The set was extremely minimal, using only a tent enclosed within a larger tent for the interior scenes. The rest was shot on location at the El Mirage Dry Lake in California. It took only two and a half weeks to shoot. The ""newsreel"" quality of the film was enhanced by desaturating the color and removing the traditional hard edge of the image through the use of

"Living Single"
Queen Latifah, Erika Alexander and Mel Jackson were unavailable to participate. In January 2017, Queen Latifah reported that a revival of ""Living Single"" is in the works with the original cast and that she plans to serve as producer. In July 2018, Erika Alexander posted a video online of her hinting at a reboot. In 1995 and 1996, Living Single was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Comedy Series (Bryan Hays). Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 22, 1993

Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 22, 1993 to January 1, 1998. The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone. Throughout its run, ""Living Single"" became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era, ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons. The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser's company, Sister Lee, in association with Warner Bros. Television. In contrast to the popularity of NBC's ""Must

Henton, Fields, Carson and Alexander reunited to share fond memories with the fans. Queen Latifah and Mel Jackson were unavailable to participate. The special featured clips and revealing secrets of the cast from the show's five-year run. From August 24-26, 2018, TV One aired a weekend marathon of ""Living Single"" to highlight the 25th anniversary of the show. Coles, Henton, Fields, and Carson reunited once again to share memories with the fans, to share their thoughts on the characters they portrayed, and provided a tribute to Rita Owens (Queen Latifah's real-life and TV mother), who had passed in early 2018.

found him in childhood friend Scooter (Cress Williams) with whom she left the brownstone for the final time in the series finale. Warner Home Video released the complete first season of ""Living Single"" on DVD in Region 1 on February 14, 2006. The entire series is also available for digital download on Amazon.com and the iTunes Store. Warner Archive subsequently released season 2-5 on DVD in Region 1. These are Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) releases, available from Warner's online store and Amazon.com. Half & Half: Erika Alexander and T.C. Carson reprised their roles of Maxine Shaw and Kyle Barker on the UPN

costume assistant for the soap opera ""Palo Alto"". When the show was canceled, she became a wedding planner and left the apartment to move in with her fiancé, Dexter Knight (Don Franklin). Maxine ""Max"" Shaw (Erika Alexander), a sharp-tongued attorney and Khadijah's best friend from their college days at Howard University, frequently stopped by to share her unique insights, keep them entertained by sharing her day, to make sure that the girls' refrigerator isn't overstocked, and to start trouble with Kyle, looking for any chance to make his life worse. Kyle Barker (T.C. Carson) lived in the second apartment with

"Living for Love"
Living for Love ""Living for Love"" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her thirteenth studio album, ""Rebel Heart"" (2015). It was written and produced by Madonna, Diplo and Ariel Rechtshaid, with additional writing from MoZella and Toby Gad. Originally intended for a Valentine's Day 2015 release, the song was rush-released as the lead single from the album on December 20, 2014, by Interscope Records, after demos recorded for the album leaked on to the internet. An EDM and house track on which Madonna experimented with different musical genres, ""Living for Love"" contains instrumentation from percussion and piano

becomes a passenger on a flight and argues with a sassy stewardess in hopes of upgrading to first class. On another episode, ""The Worst Noel"", Synclaire also becomes a passenger. The episode served as a bridge for ""The Crew"" and its lead-in show, ""Living Single"". ""Living Single"" started reruns in syndication on September 22, 1997. Reruns of the series currently run daily on TV One, Logo TV, Oxygen and Bounce TV. As of January 11, 2018, all episodes began streaming on Hulu. An hour-long retrospective special, ""Living Single: The Reunion Show"", aired on TV One on September 22, 2008. Coles,

new character Roni DeSantos (Idalis DeLeon), a New York-area D.J., to move in. It was eventually revealed that DeSantos had a fling with Ira Lee ""Tripp"" Williams III, (Mel Jackson), the new roommate of Khadijah and Régine who moved in when Synclaire's room became available. Tripp was a songwriter. Synclaire joined a comedy improv troupe where she gained the attention of Tony Jonas, a Warner Bros. television exec who cast her as a nun for a new comedy series he was developing. Along with trying to make ""Flavor"" a success, Khadijah also spent time looking for Mr. Right. She eventually

"Living to Love You"
""Living to Love You"" was the thirty-ninth best-selling single of 2004 and the thirty-fifth best-selling single of 2005. Living to Love You ""Living to Love You"" is a song by German singer–songwriter Sarah Connor from her fourth studio album, ""Naughty but Nice"" (2005). Written and produced by Sarah Connor, Rob Tyger and Kay Denar, it was released as the album's lead single on 8 November 2004. The song samples Céline Dion's 1997 hit single ""My Heart Will Go On"". The single reached number one in Germany and Switzerland, becoming Connor's third consecutive chart-topper on the German Singles Chart and fourth

"Michael Franti"
recorded on his laptop. In 2012, he joined the 11th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to assist independent musicians' careers. In 2013, Michael Franti released his album titled as ""All People"", which features his latest single ""I'm Alive (Life Sounds Like)"". It was released July 30, 2013. His new single ""I'm Alive (Life Sounds Like)"" was featured on ""The Sims 4"" and ""Rayman Legends"" game trailers. In March 2018, Michael Franti announced a new album, Stay Human 2, would be released in June 2018 and also stands as the soundtrack to his new documentary. In July Michael Franti, via

"Jamie Dornan"
2012, and married in 2013. They have two daughters. Jamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series ""Once Upon a Time"" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series ""The Fall"" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's ""Marie Antoinette""

Jamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series ""Once Upon a Time"" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series ""The Fall"" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's ""Marie Antoinette"" (2006), Christian Grey in the ""Fifty Shades"" franchise (2015–2018),

"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)"
casting of Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket, and Aasif Mandvi as Uncle Monty. In September 2016, it was revealed that Dylan Kingwell and Avi Lake were cast as the Quagmire siblings, Duncan and Isadora, respectively. In November 2016, Handler revealed Catherine O'Hara, Don Johnson, and Alfre Woodard had been cast as Dr. Georgina Orwell, Sir, and Aunt Josephine, respectively; O'Hara had previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation of ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"". It was also revealed that Presley Smith would play Sunny Baudelaire, whose quasi-nonsensical lines are voiced by Tara Strong, and Rhys Darby would play

"David Anders"
its equity owner Christina Milian. David Anders David Anders Holt (born March 11, 1981), known professionally as David Anders, is an American television and stage actor. He is best known for his roles as Julian Sark on ""Alias"", as Adam Monroe on ""Heroes"", as John Gilbert in the TV series ""The Vampire Diaries"", as Victor Frankenstein / Dr. Whale on ABC's ""Once Upon a Time"", and as Blaine ""DeBeers"" McDonough on ""iZombie"". Although Anders is American, a few of his roles have required him to use a British Home counties accent. Anders was born in Grants Pass, Oregon, to Dr.

"Sinqua Walls"
on the second season of the ABC fantasy series ""Once Upon a Time"", as Sir Lancelot. He returned to the show during the fifth season as a guest star. He played the role of Shawn in the TV series ""Power"". On August 1, 2017, Walls was cast in Clint Eastwood's biopic """", about the thwarted 2015 Thalys train attack. The film premiered on February 9, 2018. Sinqua Walls Sinqua Walls (born April 6, 1985) is an American actor and former college basketball player for Cal Poly Pomona and the University of San Francisco. Originally from Louisiana, Sinqua moved to Los

"Ivo Caprino"
environments that had already been built. The result was ""The Pinchcliffe Grand Prix"", which stars Theodore Rimspoke (No. Reodor Felgen) and his two assistants, Sonny Duckworth (No. Solan Gundersen), a cheerful and optimistic bird, and Lambert (No. Ludvig), a nervous, pessimistic and melancholic hedgehog. Theodore works as a bicycle repairman, though he spends most of his time inventing weird Rube Goldberg-like contraptions. One day, the trio discover that one of Theodore's former assistants, Rudolph Gore-Slimey (), has stolen his design for a race car engine, and has become a world champion Formula One driver. Sonny secures funding from an Arab

"Nathan Parsons"
Nathan Parsons Nathan Dean Parsons (born 16 June 1988) is an Australian-born American actor, known for his work in daytime television on the ABC daytime soap opera ""General Hospital"" as the character of Ethan Lovett.<ref name=""SID 06/01/09""></ref> He also had roles on primetime television shows as vampire James Kent on the seventh and final season of the HBO drama series ""True Blood"", and the role of exiled werewolf Jackson Kenner on The CW drama series ""The Originals"". Recently, he has been on ""Once Upon a Time"" as Hansel/Jack/Nick Branson. Nathan Parsons was born in Adelaide, South Australia but raised in

David Anders David Anders Holt (born March 11, 1981), known professionally as David Anders, is an American television and stage actor. He is best known for his roles as Julian Sark on ""Alias"", as Adam Monroe on ""Heroes"", as John Gilbert in the TV series ""The Vampire Diaries"", as Victor Frankenstein / Dr. Whale on ABC's ""Once Upon a Time"", and as Blaine ""DeBeers"" McDonough on ""iZombie"". Although Anders is American, a few of his roles have required him to use a British Home counties accent. Anders was born in Grants Pass, Oregon, to Dr. Tony and Jeri Holt. Anders

"Tony Amendola"
Tony Amendola Tony Amendola (born August 24, 1951) is an American actor who is best known for playing the Jaffa master Bra'tac in ""Stargate SG-1"". Amendola is also known for his recurring role as revolutionary leader Edouard Kagame of Liber8 in the television show ""Continuum"". Since 2011, he has recurred on ABC's ""Once Upon a Time"" as Pinocchio's creator/father, Geppetto. Amendola's major movie roles include ""Blow"", ""The Mask of Zorro"" and its sequel, ""The Legend of Zorro"" (as separate characters). His television guest appearances include ""Stargate SG-1"", """", ""Seinfeld"", ""The Practice"", """", ""Charmed"", ""The X Files"", ""Angel"", ""Alias"", """", """",

"Rowan Atkinson"
Rowan Atkinson Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (born 6 January 1955) is an English actor, comedian and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms ""Blackadder"" and ""Mr. Bean"". Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC's sketch comedy show ""Not the Nine O'Clock News"" (1979–1982), receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance, and via his participation in The Secret Policeman's Ball from 1979. His other work includes the 1983 James Bond film ""Never Say Never Again"", playing a bumbling vicar in ""Four Weddings and a Funeral"" (1994), voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in ""The Lion King"" (1994), and featuring

480 points, coming within four points of matching the franchise's worst set in 1984. This was also the last season played at the Metrodome as a new stadium deal was reached. Leslie Frazier was fired after the regular season ended. The team hired former Cincinnati Bengals defensive coordinator Mike Zimmer to replace Leslie Frazier as head coach on January 16, 2014. Former Cleveland Browns offensive coordinator Norv Turner replaced Bill Musgrave, and George Edwards replaced Alan Williams as defensive coordinator. In the 2014 NFL Draft, the Vikings selected Anthony Barr, a linebacker out of UCLA, and Teddy Bridgewater, a quarterback

1990. During the season, the Vikings had many distractions, including trading for Randy Moss and then waiving him only a month later, Brett Favre's NFL investigation for allegedly sending inappropriate text messages to Jets' employee Jenn Sterger while he was with the team in 2008, the Metrodome's collapse and resulting venue changes, and finally head coach Brad Childress' firing on November 22 following a 31–3 loss at the hands of the rival Green Bay Packers. After serving as the interim head coach for the final six games of the season (finishing with a 3–3 record), defensive coordinator Leslie Frazier was

"Serena Reeder"
as Morgan Freeman's daughter in ""The Bucket List"", a 2007 comedy-drama starring Jack Nicholson and directed by Rob Reiner. The Tea Party, her directorial debut, was selected for competition, in the short film section of the 2013 Santa Barbara International Film Festival. Serena Reeder Serena Olanthe Reeder (born April 8, 1983) is an American theater, film, and television actor and screenwriter. Reeder was born in Washington, DC. She is best known for her roles in the films The Bucket List, Get Rich or Die Tryin', The Architect, The Brooklyn Heist, and Weapons. Reeder was born and raised in Washington, DC.

"Moneyball (film)"
Moneyball (film) Moneyball is a 2011 American sports film directed by Bennett Miller and written by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin. The film is based on Michael Lewis's 2003 nonfiction book of the same name, an account of the Oakland Athletics baseball team's 2002 season and their general manager Billy Beane's attempts to assemble a competitive team. In the film, Beane (Brad Pitt) and assistant GM Peter Brand (Jonah Hill), faced with the franchise's limited budget for players, build a team of undervalued talent by taking a sophisticated sabermetric approach to scouting and analyzing players. Columbia Pictures bought the rights

"Kerris Dorsey"
Kerris Dorsey Kerris Lilla Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series ""Brothers & Sisters"", Casey Beane, Billy Beane's (played by Brad Pitt) daughter, in the 2011 film ""Moneyball"", and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film ""Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day"". Dorsey plays Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series ""Ray Donovan"". In ""Moneyball"" she performs a cover of Lenka's song ""The Show"", which is included on the soundtrack to the film. In

"Lisa Darr"
""Weeds"" (on Showtime) as Ann Carilli. She also made a guest appearance in ""Nip/Tuck"". Her film work includes the Oscar-award-winning ""Gods and Monsters"" (1998), in which she appeared as Dana Boone (the wife of Brendan Fraser's character), ""Pomegranate"" (2005), as Julia (the mother of Leah Pipes's character) in the soccer film ""Her Best Move"" (2006), ""National Lampoon's Bag Boy"" (2007), and ""This Is 40"" (2012). Lisa Darr Lisa Darr (born April 21, 1963) is an American actress. Darr was born Lisa Darr Grabemann in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of Mollie, an actress, and Karl Grabemann, a lawyer. She attended Stanford

Moneyball
Hoffman plays A's manager Art Howe. Academy Award-winning screenwriter Steve Zaillian was hired to write the script, and Steven Soderbergh was slated to direct, replacing David Frankel. But in June 2009, because of conflicts over a revised script by Soderbergh, Sony put the movie on hold just days before it was scheduled to begin shooting. Soderbergh was eventually let go. Bennett Miller took over directing duties, and Aaron Sorkin rewrote the script. Shooting began in July 2010 at Blair Field, the Sports Stadium for Wilson High School (Long Beach, California), Sony Studios in Culver City, Dodger Stadium, and the Oakland-Alameda

"Money (2016 film)"
packaging, and production of the film in cooperation with Rosete's company Kamel Films based in Madrid, Spain. On June 9, 2015 Variety announced that Jamie Bamber, Kellan Lutz, Jesse Williams and Jess Weixler had joined the cast. Sig de Miguel and Steven Vincent are credited as Casting Directors. Lutz famously played Emmett Cullen in ""The Twilight Saga"" before starring in ""The Legend of Hercules"" and Limning Smiley in ""The Expendables 3"". Bamber starred in ""Battlestar Galactica"" and ""NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service."" Weixler won a Sundance Fest Special Jury prize for her lead performance in ""Teeth"". Williams is best known

""Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day"". Kerris Dorsey Kerris Lilla Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series ""Brothers & Sisters"", Casey Beane, Billy Beane's (played by Brad Pitt) daughter, in the 2011 film ""Moneyball"", and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film ""Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day"". Dorsey plays Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series ""Ray Donovan"". In ""Moneyball"" she performs a cover of Lenka's song ""The Show"",

Peter Brand. Filming began in July 2010. Filming locations included Fenway Park, the Oakland-Alameda Coliseum, Dodger Stadium and Blair Field, while studio shooting took place at Sony's Culver City studios. During principal photography scenes featuring Kathryn Morris as Beane's second wife were shot; none made it to the final cut. While mostly accurate, the film alters history at points. ""Moneyball"" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2011 and was released theatrically on September 23, 2011, by Columbia Pictures. The film was also released on DVD and Blu-ray on January 10, 2012 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

sabermetrics, selecting players based on their on-base percentage (OBP). Brand and Beane hire undervalued players such as unorthodox submarine pitcher Chad Bradford, aging outfielder David Justice, and an injured catcher, Scott Hatteberg. Oakland scouts are hostile toward the strategy, and Beane fires one, Grady Fuson, after he accuses him of destroying the team. Beane also faces opposition from Art Howe (Philip Seymour Hoffman), the Athletics' manager. With tensions already high between them due to a contract dispute, Howe disregards Beane's and Brand's strategy and plays a lineup he prefers. Early in the season, the Athletics fare poorly, leading critics to

to Lewis's book in 2004. ""Moneyball"" premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on September 23, 2011 to box office success and critical acclaim. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actor for Hill. Oakland Athletics general manager Billy Beane is upset by his team's loss to the New York Yankees in the 2001 American League Division Series. With the impending departure of star players Johnny Damon, Jason Giambi, and Jason Isringhausen to free agency, Beane needs to assemble a competitive team

"Beyond the Sea (film)"
Beyond the Sea (film) Beyond the Sea is a 2004 American musical drama film based on the life of singer/actor Bobby Darin. Starring in the lead role and using his own singing voice for the musical numbers, Kevin Spacey co-wrote, directed, and co-produced the film, which takes its title from Darin's hit version of the song of the same name. ""Beyond the Sea"" depicts Darin's rise to success in both the music and film industry during the 1950s and 1960s, as well as his marriage to Sandra Dee, portrayed by Kate Bosworth. As early as 1986, Barry Levinson intended to

"Beyond the Sea (song)"
films, TV shows, and video games, including: Kevin Spacey sang the song in the movie ""Beyond the Sea"", a biopic about Bobby Darin, in a ""fantasy"" sequence leading up to his marriage to Sandra Dee. Robbie Williams sang a version in the closing credits of ""Finding Nemo"". ""Beyond the Sea"" is the third episode of ""Generator Rex"", the tile character meets a pretty E.V.O. girl called Circe and the two soon forge a connection. This song is used in the trailer for the 2018 film ""The Meg"". Beyond the Sea (song) ""Beyond the Sea"" is a 1945 contemporary pop romantic

show, complete with a gospel choir, at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, and against all odds it is a huge success. But his triumph is short-lived. Suffering from blood poisoning following surgery to repair his mechanical heart valve, Darin is rushed to the hospital, where he dies at the age of thirty-seven. Following his death, he meets the younger counterpart of himself once again, and the two duet with ""As Long As I'm Singing."" Cathy Moriarty-Gentile and Vanessa Redgrave were originally cast in ""Beyond the Sea"", but both actresses dropped out for unspecified reasons. Beginning in 1986, Barry Levinson

Bobby Darin's version released in late 1959 is the best known by many, reaching No. 6 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, No. 15 on the US R&B Chart, and No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart. in early 1960. Before Bobby Darin's, two recordings reached the Top 40 of the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Benny Goodman's version charted in 1948, and was featured in the Cary Grant/Betsy Drake romantic comedy ""Every Girl Should Be Married"". Roger Williams' recording reached No. 37 in 1955. Deana Martin recorded ""Beyond the Sea"" in 2013. The song was released on her album, ""Destination Moon"", in

were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, but lost to the producers of ""Ray"". On June 7, 2005, the film was released on DVD in widescreen anamorphic format for Region 1 markets. It features two Dolby Digital English audio tracks (one in 2.0 Stereo and the other in 5.1 Surround Sound), director's commentary by Spacey, and a making-of featurette. Beyond the Sea (film) Beyond the Sea is a 2004 American musical drama film based on the life of singer/actor Bobby Darin. Starring in the lead role

Rings"" film trilogy. The soundtrack album features 18 tracks performed by Kevin Spacey. To promote ""Beyond the Sea"", Spacey and Phil Ramone devised a 12-city United States concert tour titled ""An Evening Celebrating the Music of Bobby Darin"", which consisted of Spacey performing with a 19-piece band. ""It's me singing Bobby and talking about Bobby and talking a little bit about the movie,"" Spacey explained in June 2004. Spacey dressed in costumes from the movie for the tour, which started in San Francisco and traveled through Los Angeles, New York City, Boston, Chicago, Miami and Atlantic City before ending in

direct a film based on the life of Darin, and he began pre-production on the project in early 1997. When he eventually vacated the director's position, Spacey, along with Darin's son Dodd, acquired the film rights. ""Beyond the Sea"" was released in December 2004 to mixed reviews from critics and bombed at the box office. Dodd Darin, Sandra Dee and former Darin manager Steve Blauner responded with enthusiastic feedback to Spacey's work on the film. Despite a number of negative reviews, some critics praised Spacey's performance, largely due to his decision to use his own singing voice. He received a

Fowler, died of brain cancer just before production started. ""I made the movie for all mothers, but especially for my mother. She introduced me to Bobby Darin. When she got very ill in 2002, I stopped everything and took care of her. We constantly played Bobby Darin records, and I'd let her listen to the tracks I was recording. I'm glad she passed knowing this was the movie I was going to make."" After his award-winning performances in ""The Usual Suspects"" and ""American Beauty"", Spacey ""chose to move away from dark, sarcastic characters, and instead play damaged but good-hearted men""

intended to produce and direct a biopic based on the life of Bobby Darin with funding from his own production company, Baltimore Pictures. With writer Lewis Colick, Levinson pitched the idea to Warner Bros. Pictures, who agreed to co-finance ""The Bobby Darin Story"" and cover distribution duties. Producer Arthur Friedman, a fan of Darin's work, began to laboriously negotiate for crucial music licensing rights with Darin's ex-wife, Sandra Dee; his son, Dodd; and former manager Steve Blauner. Colick wrote the first draft in 1987 before Warner Bros. and Levinson commissioned rewrites from Paul Attanasio and Paul Schrader. Their scripts, which

"From the Sea to the Land Beyond"
was ""unstressful to watch"" and called it ""a beautiful and poetic experience"". ""From the Sea to the Land Beyond"" was produced by Mark Atkin for Crossover and Heather Croall for Doc/Fest. The soundtrack was released as a studio album titled ""From the Sea to the Land Beyond"" under Rough Trade Records on 2 December 2013. British Sea Power were commissioned to write and perform the soundtrack because of their love of nature and wildlife. The soundtrack was composed at Lympne Castle in Kent and recorded at Brighton Electric studios. As the film begins, plaintive keyboard chords are joined by trumpet,

"A Good Day to Die Hard"
were cut from the Extended release. Sebastian Koch played the film's primary antagonist, Yuri Komarov, while Yuliya Snigir and Cole Hauser featured as secondary characters Irina and Collins. The cast was completed by actors Amaury Nolasco as a friend of McClane, Pasha D. Lychnikoff as a taxi driver, and Megalyn Echikunwoke, Anne Vyalitsyna, and Ivan Kamaras in smaller roles. Production began in Hungary in April 2012, with the capital Budapest standing in for Moscow. A military shooting range near Hajmáskér was used for shooting live ammunition, while vehicular stunts were shot at the Hungaroring, a Formula One racing circuit in

be ""A Good Day to Die Hard""—with no further mention of any involvement from the ""24"" series—with a release date of February 14, 2013. Bruce Willis returned as John McClane, and has expressed a desire to shoot ""A Good Day to Die Hard"" and a sixth installment in the series before retiring the character. When casting the role of Jack McClane, the studios considered several actors, including Liam Hemsworth and James Badge Dale, before ultimately settling on Australian actor Jai Courtney. Mary Elizabeth Winstead also appeared in the film, reprising her role as McClane's daughter Lucy. However all her scenes

attack. Father and son survive by leaping off the building into a large pool of water, as the helicopter crashes and explodes, killing Irina. In the end, the McClanes return home and reunite with Lucy on the tarmac. Additional cast members include CIA operatives: Cole Hauser as Mike Collins and Aldis Hodge as Lt. Foxy. Amaury Nolasco appears as Murphy, an NYPD detective and McClane Jr.'s friend. Pasha D. Lychnikoff has a brief role as a Russian cab driver. Roman Luknár makes an appearance as Anton, a business associate of Chagarin. Ganxsta Zolee makes a brief cameo as a MRAP

A Good Day to Die Hard A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the ""Die Hard"" film series. The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods, and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane. The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son, Jack, an undercover CIA agent, out of prison. He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot. Alongside Willis, the film also stars Jai Courtney, Cole Hauser, Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch. Talks of a fifth

"No More Good Days"
Detroit of a man in black, walking through the stadium while everyone around him is unconscious. The episode opens with a car crash. Mark Benford (Joseph Fiennes) climbs out of his wrecked car and looks around him: there is devastation everywhere, people lie injured and/or dead in the road, cars and trucks are piled up and things are on fire. Mark calls out for his partner, Demetri Noh (John Cho). In a flashback sequence, each of the leads goes about their daily lives. Olivia Benford (Sonya Walger) scrubs up at the hospital before surgery; Bryce Varley (Zachary Knighton) prepares to

driver. Production was formally announced in 2010, with """" and ""The A-Team"" writer Skip Woods confirmed as the film's screenwriter. Noam Murro was originally attached to direct the film but left production to direct the ""300"" prequel, """". John Moore was subsequently drafted in to replace him. The film was originally titled """"Die Hard 24/7"""". The media speculated that the film would be a crossover between the ""Die Hard"" and ""24"" series, with Kiefer Sutherland to reprise his role as Jack Bauer alongside John McClane. This was never confirmed by the studio, and the film's title was later revealed to

Mogyoród. In July 2012, a fire broke out on the set while shooting an aerial stunt, though no one was injured and shooting resumed after a short delay. In creating the film's visual style, Moore wanted the camera work to be almost entirely handheld, using three 4 Perforation 35mm Arri cameras equipped with long lenses to capture tight close-ups, for Moore explained, ""McClane is in a strange world, with little or no initial control over his environment. He's unable to anticipate things as he normally might. He's caught off guard, and we want the camera to mimic that surprise and

FBI Special Agents Mark Benford and Demetri Noh, neither of whom appears in the book. The main character in the book is Lloyd Simcoe, the scientist who created the flash-forward. On May 8, 2009 it was announced that ""FlashForward"" was to comprise part of ABC's fall 2009 season. Prior to this, the network had aired several five second advertisements featuring plot elements and characters. Courtney B. Vance and Jack Davenport became the first officially announced cast members of ""FlashForward"". On June 10, 2009, it was announced that ""Lost"" star Dominic Monaghan had been cast in the series although his role

Anthony, Jon Kull, Dana Niu, Rossana Galante, Andrew Kinny. The orchestra was conducted by Pete Anthony. The score was programmed by Buck Sanders, with additional music composed by Marcus Trumpp and Brandon Roberts. On January 31, 2013, 20th Century Fox held a special tribute to the 25th anniversary of the ""Die Hard"" series by unveiling a mural of a scene from ""Die Hard"" (1988) on Sound Stage 8 of the Fox Lot. Afterward, the premiere screening of ""A Good Day to Die Hard"" was shown. Two additional premieres were held in Europe leading up to the film's commercial release: one

"Die Hard (film series)"
divorced, and estranged from his daughter Lucy (Mary Elizabeth Winstead). Cyber-terrorists hack into computers at the FBI, who had sent McClane to bring in computer hacker Matthew ""Matt"" Farrell (Justin Long) for questioning. Assassins hired by terrorist mastermind Thomas Gabriel (Timothy Olyphant) attempt to kill McClane and Farrell. Farrell tells McClane that the terrorists are actually in the middle of a ""fire sale"" — a crippling cyber-warfare attack on the national infrastructure: power, public utilities, traffic, and other computer-controlled systems. Although the terrorists capture Lucy and Farrell, McClane foils the criminals and saves the hostages. It was released June 27,

"Game seven"
league's champion for the season. In the MLB Postseason, game seven can occur in the League Championship Series and the World Series (the divisional series are best of five). In the World Series, there have been 39 decisive game sevens (of the four World Series that were contested on a best-of-nine basis, none went to a game nine, though all four included a non-decisive game seven). World Series that were decided on a game seven: All extra inning game sevens involve three franchises each with two appearances, the New York/San Francisco Giants (losing both), the Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins (winning both)

"World Series"
of them had gone the full seven games. Since then, the 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2017 World Series have gone the full seven games. This rule was subject to debate, with various writers feeling that home-field advantage should be decided based on the regular season records of the participants, not on an exhibition game played several months earlier. Some writers especially questioned the integrity of this rule after the 2014 All-Star Game, when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Adam Wainwright suggested that he intentionally gave Derek Jeter some easy pitches to hit in the New York Yankees' shortstop's final All-Star appearance

"2008 World Series"
has caused numerous delays and postponements in Series history (notable postponements beforehand coming in 1911, 1962, 1975, 1986, 1996 and 2006), but never any suspended games before 2008. Although not officially a suspended game, the most notorious postponement of a World Series was the 1989 World Series in which the start of Game 3 was delayed ten days, the longest in World Series history, due to the Loma Prieta earthquake striking the San Francisco Bay Area. Several Nevada sports betting agencies treated the suspended game as a completed game and a win for the Phillies on Monday, October 27. Under

"2011 World Series"
same game. The Rangers failed to score in the top of the 11th, bringing David Freese to lead off the bottom of the inning. Freese hit Mark Lowe's 3–2 pitch into the grass of the center field batter's eye for a game-winning home run, forcing the World Series to a Game 7 for the first time since . Of the last 13 instances in which a Major League team won a Game 6 at home to force a Game 7 in the postseason, all but two went on to win Game 7. The exceptions were the New York Mets in

2011 World Series The 2011 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2011 season. The 107th edition of World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Texas Rangers and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Cardinals defeated the Rangers in seven games to win their 11th World Series championship and their first since 2006. The Series was noted for its back-and-forth Game 6, in which the Cardinals erased a two-run deficit in the bottom of the ninth inning, then did it again in the 10th. In both

"2017 World Series"
the seventh inning and Jansen pitched two scoreless innings for the save. Pederson tied a World Series record with his fifth consecutive game with an extra base hit. Andre Ethier, who appeared in the game as a pinch hitter, set a new Dodgers franchise record with his 50th career postseason game. This was the first World Series Game 7 to be played at Dodger Stadium (and the first postseason Game 7 of any postseason series at the stadium since the 1988 NLCS, and the Dodgers' first World Series Game 7 since 1965 against the Minnesota Twins). It was also the

"2011 National League Championship Series"
2011 National League Championship Series The 2011 National League Championship Series (abbreviated NLCS) was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the winners of the 2011 National League Division Series, the St. Louis Cardinals and Milwaukee Brewers, against each other for the National League championship and the right to be the league's representative in the 2011 World Series. The series was the 42nd in league history. The series began on October 9 to accommodate the World Series, which was scheduled to begin on October 19. TBS televised all games in the United States with Game 1 starting at 4:05pm EDT. Games 1, 2

Nevada house rules, the final score of a baseball game is determined by reverting to the last completed full inning, and the Phillies led 2–1 at the end of the fifth inning. Game 5 side bets on Philadelphia were paid off while bets on totals and run-line bets were refunded. During the following offseason, Selig's interpretation of the rules became codified, as the 30 Major League Baseball club owners approved a rule change stipulating that all ""postseason games and games added to the regular season to determine qualifiers for the postseason"" become suspended games if they are called before nine

"2011 Major League Baseball season"
home field advantage in the World Series. Accordingly, the 2011 World Series began on October 19, and ended on October 28, with the St. Louis Cardinals winning in seven games over the Texas Rangers. Only two teams were unable to complete the entire 162-game regular season schedule, as the make-up game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Washington Nationals at Nationals Park on September 8 was cancelled due to rain and not made up, owing to scheduling constraints and the game being inconsequential to the playoffs. Green backgrounds indicate teams that made the postseason. Numbers in parentheses indicate seedings

the only players to have been a part of two comebacks from being down 0–3, having played for both the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings. Additionally, the following nine teams were able to force a seventh game in a series after being down 0–3, subsequently losing it: The Islanders are the only team to have forced two game sevens after falling behind 0–3 in a series in the same postseason. Game seven A game seven is the final game of a best of seven series. This game can occur in the postseasons for Major League Baseball

"Awesome God"
style, even hardcore punk and heavy metal bands, such as, Unashamed and Pantokrator. The song may be used as a hymn and can be sung using only the chorus, alone or in medley. Awesome God ""Awesome God"" is a contemporary worship song written by Rich Mullins and first recorded on his 1988 album, ""Winds of Heaven, Stuff of Earth"". It was the first single from the album and rose to the number one spot on Christian radio and subsequently became a popular congregational song. Its title is inspired by a biblical expression (Nehemiah 1:5, Nehemiah 9:32, Psalm 47, Daniel 9:4,

Awesome God ""Awesome God"" is a contemporary worship song written by Rich Mullins and first recorded on his 1988 album, ""Winds of Heaven, Stuff of Earth"". It was the first single from the album and rose to the number one spot on Christian radio and subsequently became a popular congregational song. Its title is inspired by a biblical expression (Nehemiah 1:5, Nehemiah 9:32, Psalm 47, Daniel 9:4, etc.), variously translated as ""Awesome God"", (JPS, in the old-fashioned meaning ""awe-inspiring""), ""great"" (KJV), among other alternatives. Due to the popularity of the song it became Mullins' signature song. Mullins did not consider

"How Great Is Our God"
album. How Great Is Our God ""How Great Is Our God"" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves and Ed Cash. It was originally featured on Tomlin's album ""Arriving"", that reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Christian Songs chart. It is also featured live on Tomlin's ""Live from Austin Music Hall"" album. As of November 2014, it also is the fifth most popular worship song today, according to CCLI's top 25 worship songs chart. It also reached No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's ""20 the Countdown Magazine's"" Top 20 Worship Songs Chart. The song won ""Song of

How Great Is Our God ""How Great Is Our God"" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves and Ed Cash. It was originally featured on Tomlin's album ""Arriving"", that reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Christian Songs chart. It is also featured live on Tomlin's ""Live from Austin Music Hall"" album. As of November 2014, it also is the fifth most popular worship song today, according to CCLI's top 25 worship songs chart. It also reached No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's ""20 the Countdown Magazine's"" Top 20 Worship Songs Chart. The song won ""Song of the

Year"" and ""Worship Song of the Year"" at the 2006 GMA Dove Awards, and ""Worship Song of the Year"" again at the 2008 GMA Dove Awards. In 2009, gospel/jazz keyboardist Ben Tankard, presented his instrumental rendition of the song from Tankard's No. 1 charting album, ""Mercy, Mercy, Mercy"". At Passion 2012, Tomlin performed a new edition of this song called ""How Great is Our God: World Edition"". This new version included the original lyrics sung in several different languages: Hindi, Indonesian, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, Zulu, Afrikaans and Mandarin. It is the first track of his ""Chris Tomlin: The Essential Collection""

"Rich Mullins"
Rich Mullins Richard Wayne Mullins (October 21, 1955 – September 19, 1997) was an American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter best known for his worship songs ""Awesome God"" and ""Step by Step"". Some of his albums were also considered among Christian music's best, including ""Winds of Heaven, Stuff of Earth"" (1988), ""The World As Best As I Remember It, Volume One"" (1991) and ""A Liturgy, a Legacy, & a Ragamuffin Band"" (1993). His songs have been performed by numerous artists, including Caedmon's Call, Five Iron Frenzy, Amy Grant, Carolyn Arends, Jars of Clay, Michael W. Smith, John Tesh, Chris

"Our God (song)"
Our God (song) ""Our God"" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves, Jonas Myrin, and Matt Redman. The track was originally included on """", a live record from Passion 10, the 2010 gathering of the Passion Conferences. It was released as a single and spent 10 weeks as No. 1 on Billboard Christian charts. The song is also the opening track on Tomlin's album ""And If Our God Is For Us..."" (2010) by CCM. In 2011, Chris Tomlin recorded a remake with the famous Christian rapper, Lecrae. One of Tomlin's co-writers Matt Redman recorded a version of the

Top 25 Songs. Our God (song) ""Our God"" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves, Jonas Myrin, and Matt Redman. The track was originally included on """", a live record from Passion 10, the 2010 gathering of the Passion Conferences. It was released as a single and spent 10 weeks as No. 1 on Billboard Christian charts. The song is also the opening track on Tomlin's album ""And If Our God Is For Us..."" (2010) by CCM. In 2011, Chris Tomlin recorded a remake with the famous Christian rapper, Lecrae. One of Tomlin's co-writers Matt Redman recorded a

"God with Us (song)"
God with Us (song) ""God With Us"" is a song written and performed by Christian rock band MercyMe. The song is lyrically a worship song, inspired by a question used by lead singer Bart Millard's pastor. Released as the lead single from MercyMe's 2007 album ""All That Is Within Me"", ""God With Us"" peaked at No. 1 on both the Hot Christian Songs and Hot Christian AC charts, and was ranked at No. 3 and No. 4 on the 2008 year-end charts, respectively. The song also ranked at No. 12 on the decade-end Hot Christian AC chart, and No. 19

"How Great Thou Art"
Behold the Wonder"", in 1973. The hymn has also been translated into the Welsh language as ""Mor Fawr Wyt Ti"". Among notable renditions of ""How Great Thou Art"" are recordings by the Blackwood Brothers Quartet, Dixie Carter, Tammy Wynette (1969 -album ""Inspiration""), Charlie Daniels, Tennessee Ernie Ford (backed by the Jordanaires), Burl Ives, Alan Jackson, Dolly Parton, Martina McBride, Elvis Presley, Cliff Richard, Roy Rogers, George Beverly Shea, Carrie Underwood and Connie Smith, whose ""inspiring four-minute rendition ... originally appeared on the otherwise secular album ""Back in Baby's Arms"" in 1969"". Mahalia Jackson performed “How Great Thou Art” in Hamburg

"Ulisses (orca)"
gave birth to Ulisses's second calf, Amaya, at 12:34 pm. Ulisses (orca) Ulisses (sometimes spelled Ulises or Ulysses) is a male orca who currently lives at SeaWorld San Diego in California. He was captured on November 7, 1980 at Reydarfjördur, Iceland, when he was approximately 3 years old. He lived at several parks including the Sædyrasafnid Aquarium in Iceland (November/December 1980), and the Rioleón Safari (December 1980 to June 1983), and Barcelona Zoo (June 1983 to January 1994) in Catalonia, before being transported to SeaWorld in 1994. Ulisses does waterworks with his trainers. He gets along with his fellow orcas

Koala
a marsupial in the 1840s. He identified similarities between it and its fossil relatives ""Diprotodon"" and ""Nototherium"", which had been discovered just a few years before. Similarly, Gerard Krefft, curator of the Australian Museum in Sydney, noted evolutionary mechanisms at work when comparing the koala to its ancestral relatives in his 1871 ""The Mammals of Australia"". The first living koala in Britain arrived in 1881, purchased by the Zoological Society of London. As related by prosecutor to the society, William Alexander Forbes, the animal suffered an accidental demise when the heavy lid of a washstand fell on it and it

"Captive killer whales"
in the early 1970s, but have become increasingly rare as the marine parks have learned how to maintain theme park populations through captive breeding and artificial insemination. The first capture in the North Eastern Pacific occurred in November 1961. A collecting crew from Marineland of the Pacific in Los Angeles, took the orca to a tank at the aquarium, where she repeatedly crashed into the walls. She was named Wanda and died the following day. The next killer whale captured, Moby Doll, had been harpooned and shot in 1964 and survived for three months when brought back for display to

Ulisses (orca) Ulisses (sometimes spelled Ulises or Ulysses) is a male orca who currently lives at SeaWorld San Diego in California. He was captured on November 7, 1980 at Reydarfjördur, Iceland, when he was approximately 3 years old. He lived at several parks including the Sædyrasafnid Aquarium in Iceland (November/December 1980), and the Rioleón Safari (December 1980 to June 1983), and Barcelona Zoo (June 1983 to January 1994) in Catalonia, before being transported to SeaWorld in 1994. Ulisses does waterworks with his trainers. He gets along with his fellow orcas but will try to rake an older female Corky (II).

Orangutan
orangutans. The largest known primate, ""Gigantopithecus"", was also a member of Ponginae and lived in China, India and Vietnam from 5 mya to 100,000 years ago. Within apes (superfamily Hominoidea), the gibbons diverged during the early Miocene (between 19.7 and 24.1 mya, according to molecular evidence) and the orangutans split from the African great ape lineage between 15.7 and 19.3 mya. The orangutan was first described scientifically in 1760 in the ""Systema Naturae"" of Linnaeus as ""Simia satyrus"". The populations on the two islands were classified as separate species when ""P. abelii"" was described by Lesson in 1827. Later ""P.

"Namu (orca)"
Namu (orca) Namu (died July 9, 1966) was the third orca ever captured. He was the first healthy orca to be displayed in an aquarium exhibit and was the first to perform with a human together in the water. He was the subject of much media attention, including a 'starring' role in a movie, that changed some people's attitudes toward orcas. In June 1965, William Lechkobit found a 22-foot (6.7m) male orca in his floating salmon net that had drifted close to shore near Namu, British Columbia. The orca was sold for $8,000 to Edward ""Ted"" Griffin, owner of the

"Captive elephants"
estimate there are 15,000 to 20,000 elephants in captivity worldwide. For comparison, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates the total population of Asian elephants in the wild to be 40,000 to 50,000, and that of African elephants in the wild to be 400,000 to 600,000. Tame elephants have been recorded since the Indus Valley civilization around 2,000 BCE. With ""mahouts"", they have been used as working animals in forestry, as war elephants (by commanders such as Hannibal), for cultural and ceremonial use (such as temple elephants), as a method of execution, for public displays such as circus

"Great auk"
parents cared for their young after they fledged, and adults would be seen swimming with their young perched on their backs. Great auks matured sexually when they were four to seven years old. The great auk was a food source for Neanderthals more than 100,000 years ago, as evidenced by well-cleaned bones found by their campfires. Images believed to depict the great auk also were carved into the walls of the El Pendo Cave in Camargo, Spain and Paglicci, Italy more than 35,000 years ago, and cave paintings 20,000 years old have been found in France's Grotte Cosquer. Native Americans

"Katina (orca)"
Katina (orca) Katina (c. 1975) is a female Orca (killer whale) who lives in SeaWorld Orlando in Florida. She was captured off Iceland at approximately three years of age on October 26, 1978. She is the most successful breeding female Orca in captivity. Upon her capture, Katina was purchased by Marineland in Niagara Falls, Canada, where she was first named Kandu 6. She was shipped to the facility soon after. However, she did not spend much time there. Sometime between April and June 1979, Katina was bought by SeaWorld. She was sent to their park in San Diego. In 1982,

Orangutan
of hunters being seduced by female orangutans. Europeans became aware of the existence of the orangutan possibly as early as the 17th century. European explorers in Borneo hunted them extensively during the 19th century. The first accurate description of orangutans was given by Dutch anatomist Petrus Camper, who observed the animals and dissected some specimens. Little was known about their behaviour until the field studies of Birutė Galdikas, who became a leading authority on the apes. When she arrived in Borneo, Galdikas settled into a primitive bark and thatch hut, at a site she dubbed Camp Leakey, near the edge

"2018 Pro Bowl"
the Pro Bowl was won by the AFC. Under a three-year deal that began in 2017, the Pro Bowl will once again be hosted by Camping World Stadium in Orlando. The Pro Bowl Skills Challenge was held on January 25 at the Walt Disney World Resort and its ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex. The game format was the same as for 2017, highlighted by: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: Players must have accepted their invitations as alternates to be listed; those who declined are not

"2017 Pro Bowl"
2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 29, 2017. The game was the first in a three-year deal to host the Pro Bowl in Orlando, which also included cross-promotional events (such as a newly-established skills competition) held at the Walt Disney World Resort (which is owned by the primary parent company of the game's broadcaster, ESPN). After three years of using a draft format, the

2018 Pro Bowl The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2008, the game started during afternoon hours instead of primetime hours for U.S. Mainland viewers with a 3:00 PM ET start. It marked the second year the game was played in Orlando. It was televised nationally by ESPN and simulcasted on ABC. The roster was announced on December 19 on NFL Network. The AFC team won the game 24–23, the second straight year

"Pro Bowl"
star power of Pro Bowls, international popularity and viewership will increase. A report released May 19, 2016, indicated that the 2017 Pro Bowl would instead be hosted at a newly renovated Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida; Orlando beat out Brazil (which apparently did not make the final round of voting), Honolulu, Super Bowl host site Houston, and a bid from Sydney, Australia for the hosting rights. On June 1, 2016, the league announced that it was restoring the old conference format. Currently, players are voted into the Pro Bowl by the coaches, the players themselves, and the fans. Each

considered Pro Bowlers. The 2018 Pro Bowl was televised nationally by ABC, ESPN, and ESPN Deportes. The simulcast marked the game's return to broadcast television, as well as its return to ABC for the first time since 2003. To accommodate the return to broadcast television, the game moved from primetime to an afternoon start time to avoid interfering with ABC's Primetime Lineup. 2018 Pro Bowl The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2008,

players Jerome Bettis, Tony Gonzalez, Ray Lewis, and Charles Woodson. The game format was nearly the same for 2017 as it had been in 2016, with some exceptions: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: The game was televised nationally by ESPN and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando,

2017 Pro Bowl returned to the previous conference-based format, played between all-star teams representing the American Football Conference and National Football Conference. The AFC all-stars were coached by Andy Reid, and the NFC all-stars were coached by Jason Garrett. At least five locations were in contention to host the 2017 Pro Bowl, with four submitting formal bids. On June 1, 2016, the NFL announced that it had awarded the next three Pro Bowl games to Orlando. Commissioner Roger Goodell announced that the 2017 Pro Bowl would be a ""week-long celebration for football and our fans""; a number of family-oriented side

"Pro Bowl"
to make the game more relevant. For years, the game has suffered from lack of interest due to perceived low quality. The 2017 Pro Bowl marked a return to the AFC–NFC format. The first ""Pro All-Star Game"", featuring the all-stars of the 1938 season (as well as three players from the Los Angeles Bulldogs and Hollywood Bears, who were not members of the league), was played on January 15, 1939 at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. The NFL All-Star Game was played again in Los Angeles in 1940 and then in New York and Philadelphia in 1941 and 1942 respectively.

"2019 Pro Bowl"
to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: This will be the last year of a three-year deal that began in 2017 that the Pro Bowl will be held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game will be televised nationally by ESPN, and simulcasted by ABC and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2019 Pro Bowl The Pro Bowl will be the National Football League's all-star game for the 2018 NFL season which will be played on January 27, 2019 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It will be televised nationally by

2019 Pro Bowl The Pro Bowl will be the National Football League's all-star game for the 2018 NFL season which will be played on January 27, 2019 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It will be televised nationally by ESPN and also simulcast on ABC. The 2019 Pro Bowl game will feature the same format as the previous five Pro Bowls. For the sixth straight year, the Pro Bowl will differ from standard NFL game rules and format in that there will be no kickoffs and every quarter will have a 2 minute warning. The following players were selected

"A White Sport Coat"
A White Sport Coat ""A White Sport Coat"" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded on January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label, over a month later, on March 4. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in-house conductor/arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff oversee the recording after his earlier hit, ""Singing the Blues"", had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell's cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956. Robbins recalled writing the song

1957. A version by Johnny Desmond received some play also, peaking at No. 62 on the U.S. pop charts. In UK the song was a notable hit for the English Rock'n'Roll singer Terry Dene, and also for The King Brothers. The Terry Dene version reached #18 in the UK Charts, while The King Brothers' recording peaked at #6, both in early summer 1957. Jimmy Buffett's 1973 album ""A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean"" spoofs the title of the song. A White Sport Coat ""A White Sport Coat"" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music

"Sport coat"
often made with metal buttons reflecting their origins in the British Navy and the sport of boating, though this is not necessarily a defining feature. Blazers also often have patch pockets, unlike other kinds of coats. A sports coat can be casual wear if worn with jeans. The jacket is mentioned in the title of the 1957 rock and roll hit single ""A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)"" by Marty Robbins; the title was later adapted by Jimmy Buffett for his 1973 album ""A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean"". Sport coat A sport coat, also called

in approximately twenty minutes while being transported in a standard automobile. He is said to have had the inspiration for the song while driving from a motel to a venue in Ohio where he was due to perform that evening. During the course of the journey, he passed a local high school, where its students were dressed ready for their prom. The song reached No. 1 on the U.S. country chart becoming Marty Robbins' third No. 1 record, the song reached No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" pop chart in the U.S. and No. 1 in the Australian music charts in

"Red Rubber Ball"
written by Simon and by John Lennon and Paul McCartney were simultaneously at #1 and #2 on the chart. Red Rubber Ball ""Red Rubber Ball"" is a pop song written by Paul Simon and Bruce Woodley of The Seekers and recorded by The Cyrkle, whose version reached #2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and in New Zealand. In Canada, the song reached number one. ""Red Rubber Ball"" is sung from the perspective of a man who has recently exited an unfulfilling relationship in which his significant other never gave him much attention or affection. He now looks forward to

Red Rubber Ball ""Red Rubber Ball"" is a pop song written by Paul Simon and Bruce Woodley of The Seekers and recorded by The Cyrkle, whose version reached #2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and in New Zealand. In Canada, the song reached number one. ""Red Rubber Ball"" is sung from the perspective of a man who has recently exited an unfulfilling relationship in which his significant other never gave him much attention or affection. He now looks forward to the future with a positive attitude. According to Cyrkle guitarist Tom Dawes, Simon offered it to The Cyrkle when

Rubberneckin' ""Rubberneckin'"" is a song performed by Elvis Presley, which was recorded at American Sound Studio. It was used in the film ""Change of Habit"" and subsequently issued as the B-side of ""Don't Cry Daddy"" (RCA single 47-9768) in conjunction with the movie premiere. It reached number six in the United States on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in 1969. In 2003, Paul Oakenfold remixed “Rubberneckin'”, and it was released as a single and on the album """". The remixed song was used in a commercial by Toyota to introduce their Solara model. It peaked at number three on the Australian

"Graziella de Michele"
Graziella de Michele Graziella de Michele (born 28 December 1956) is a French singer-songwriter of Italian descent. She is famous for her 1987 single ""Le Pull-over blanc"" (""The White Sweater""), which was a top-three hit on the SNEP singles chart and achieved Silver status. In the early 1980s, De Michele followed her musical idols, Ramones and Talking Heads, around Europe before ending up stranded in London. She returned to France and worked as a nurse until she achieved success with ""Le Pull-over blanc."" The song was first covered by Arno Hintjens in 1990, then by Alexandre Balduzzi and Nolwenn Leroy

"Jeans On"
Jeans On ""Jeans On"" is a song by British musician David Dundas from his 1977 self-titled debut album. Released as a single the previous year, it was first featured as a television advertising jingle for Brutus Jeans. The popularity of the commercial eventually led to the recording of ""Jeans On"" as a full-length song, with some lyrical changes. The single eventually became Dundas's biggest hit, peaking at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart and number 17 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Dundas also recorded a French language version of the song, titled ""Blue Jeans"". The opening piano riff

"Touchdown (Bob James album)"
Touchdown (Bob James album) Touchdown is the sixth album by Bob James. It was a commercial breakout album for him that contained the song ""Angela"", the popular theme song to the 1970s television sitcom ""Taxi"". The song was named after a guest character in the third episode of the first season (""Blind Date""), but after hearing the song, the producers made this the show's main theme, replacing their previous choice, which became this album's title track. The song ""Angela"" is heard at the beginning of each episode as the opening credits are seen. The song plays while a yellow New

"History of the FA Cup"
Sunderland in 1992, Millwall in 2004 and Cardiff City in 2008 – have since reached the final, though all four lost. In 1984, Johnny Hore's Plymouth Argyle side narrowly missed out on being the first Third Division side to reach the final. In a tense semi-final at Villa Park, Watford came out on top, 1–0 victors. Starting in the first round proper, Argyle had beaten Southend United (in a replay), Barking, Newport County (in a replay), Darlington, West Bromwich Albion and Derby County (in a replay). In 1989, Sutton United beat Coventry City 2–1 at Gander Green Lane. Sutton United

"EFL Cup"
period in 1985 as a result of the Heysel disaster, where Liverpool fans had taken part in a riot at the European Cup final, resulting in the death of 39 spectators. That year's winners of the League Cup were Norwich City, who would otherwise have played in a European competition for the first time in the 1985–86 season. Oxford United, Arsenal, Luton Town and Nottingham Forest also missed out on the chance to compete in the UEFA Cup as League Cup holders over the next four years. Even when the ban was lifted in 1990, League Cup winners did not

the feat 6 years earlier, were disbanded in 1883. Portsmouth hold the record for holding the FA Cup the longest, but only by virtue of the suspension of the competition for World War II. In 2013, Chelsea set a record of 29 FA Cup matches without defeat (excluding penalty shoot-outs). Their loss to Manchester City in the 2013 semi-finals was their first since a quarter-final loss to Barnsley in 2008. Arsenal are currently the holders of the most FA Cup trophies (13). In 1969 Leicester City lost their fourth FA Cup Final, 1–0 to Manchester City. No other team has

"FA Cup"
of the Football League in 1888, the final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division, and there have only been eight winners who were not in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) – Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-League

"EFL Cup"
standing was improved and in the 1968–69 season only Manchester United declined to participate. Everton chose not to compete in 1970–71 so that they could concentrate their efforts on the European Cup. Entry was made compulsory for all Football League teams the following year. Liverpool have won the cup on the most occasions with eight victories, including winning their four League Cups in successive years in the early 1980s. They completed two trebles of trophy wins, in 1983–84 and 2000–01, winning the League Cup in both of these years. English clubs lost their place in European competitions for an indefinite

League game for his club, since the League's inception. The 2003 Final was the first in which a goalkeeper was substituted. Paul Jones replaced the injured Southampton goalkeeper Antti Niemi. In the 2012 final, John Terry became the first player to captain the same team to four FA Cup victories. As of the 7th October 2018, Kettering Town hold the record for most goals in FA Cup history having scored 889 goals between 1888 and 2018, with Ollie Burgess scoring the 800th goal against St Albans City on 11th October 2005 whilst scoring a hat-trick. Tottenham Hotspur moved into second

"FA Cup"
winners of the FA Cup since the League's creation. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902, then in the Southern League) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers. Sunderland's win in 1973 was considered a major upset, having beaten Leeds United who finished third in the top flight that season., as was West Ham's victory over Arsenal in 1980 as the Gunners were in their third successive FA

to beat Everton 3–2 in the final. The Hillsborough inquest states fans were unlawfully killed due to the lack of police support. On 17 March 2012, a Fifth Round tie between Tottenham Hotspur and Bolton Wanderers was abandoned after 41 minutes with the score at 1–1, when Bolton midfielder Fabrice Muamba suffered a cardiac arrest on the pitch. Muamba later retired from the sport following medical advice, after his heart stopped beating for 78 minutes and remained in intensive care for two weeks. Tottenham won the rearranged fixture 3–1. In 1894, Notts County became the first club outside the top

in the 1973 FA Cup Final, Sunderland were the first Cup winners from outside the top flight since West Bromwich Albion in 1931. The feat was repeated twice over the next seven seasons (by Southampton in 1976 and West Ham United in 1980) but has not been accomplished since. In 1980, West Ham United became the last side to date to win the competition from outside the top division in football. They were a Second Division outfit when they beat holders Arsenal 1–0 thanks to a goal by Trevor Brooking. Four second level clubs – Queens Park Rangers in 1982,

"FA Cup"
faded and they did not join the League till 1920 and the formation of the Third Division.) The most recent examples of a non-league team (Levels 5 to 10) beating a Level 1 opponent are National League side Lincoln City's away victory over Premier League side Burnley in the 2016–17 FA Cup and Conference Premier side Luton Town's away victory over Level 1 Premier League's Norwich City in the 2012–13 Fourth Round Proper. Prior to that game, the last time a non-league side defeated a Level 1 club was in 1989 when Sutton United claimed a 2–1 victory at home

"One (Crystal Kay song)"
One (Crystal Kay song) ""One"" is Crystal Kay's 24th single, it was released on July 16, 2008. On March 3, 2008, it was revealed that Kay was chosen to sing the theme song to the eleventh Pokémon film """". Kay also played the voice of Lucky, Nurse Joy's Chansey, in the film. The film's producers had apparently been considering the singer since 2001, when she sang ""Lost Child"" with Shinichi Osawa and Hiroshi Fujiwara for the soundtrack of the drama ""Satorare"". ""Giratina to Sora no Hanataba: Sheimi"" was released in Japan on July 19, three days after the release of

the single. Regular edition Pokémon edition One (Crystal Kay song) ""One"" is Crystal Kay's 24th single, it was released on July 16, 2008. On March 3, 2008, it was revealed that Kay was chosen to sing the theme song to the eleventh Pokémon film """". Kay also played the voice of Lucky, Nurse Joy's Chansey, in the film. The film's producers had apparently been considering the singer since 2001, when she sang ""Lost Child"" with Shinichi Osawa and Hiroshi Fujiwara for the soundtrack of the drama ""Satorare"". ""Giratina to Sora no Hanataba: Sheimi"" was released in Japan on July 19,

"Pokémon Theme"
Pokémon Theme The ""Pokémon Theme"" (also known as ""Gotta Catch 'Em All"") is a song written by John Siegler and John Loeffler and performed by Jason Paige. It was the theme song for the first season of the English adaptation of the ""Pokémon"" anime. Since its release, the song has been virtually synonymous with the ""Pokémon"" franchise because the line ""Gotta Catch 'Em All"" has become its official slogan. Siegler and Loeffler wrote the lyrics to the song while Siegler (best known at the time as the bassist for Todd Rundgren's Utopia from 1973 to 1976) produced the track, also

"The Power of One (song)"
The Power of One (song) ""The Power of One"" is a 2000 song composed by Mervyn Warren and Mark Chait. It was performed by Donna Summer and is the theme song for the movie ""."" ""Pokémon: The Movie 2000,"" subtitled ""The Power of One,"" was released in late 1999 and was the second feature-length film based on the Japanese Pokémon video game series. It was also heard in the trailers for all 3 of the Kids WB released films. The song was released on July 11, 2000 as the first single from ""Pokémon 2000"" soundtrack album. It was produced by

"Jason Paige"
sister theme to the original. Jason Paige Jason Paige (born January 6, 1969) is an American singer, writer, record producer, stage, film, and television actor. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the ""Pokémon"" television series. He is an alumnus of Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School and the Experimental Theatre Wing at New York University. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the ""Pokémon"" anime. He also sings ""Viridian City"" and sings as a background vocalist for the ""Pokémon 2.B.A. Master"" soundtrack. In an

"Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You!"
In Australia, the film was also confirmed to be released by Event Cinemas across November 11 and 12, 2017. Some fans also requested that voice actress Veronica Taylor should reprise her role as the English voice of Ash Ketchum for the film, but it was later confirmed that the current set of voice actors would stay on. The title of the film is also a reference to the first episode of the anime, ""Pokémon, I Choose You!"". Regular series composer Shinji Miyazaki wrote the film's score for its original release. The film's opening song is titled by Rica Matsumoto while

Jason Paige Jason Paige (born January 6, 1969) is an American singer, writer, record producer, stage, film, and television actor. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the ""Pokémon"" television series. He is an alumnus of Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School and the Experimental Theatre Wing at New York University. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the ""Pokémon"" anime. He also sings ""Viridian City"" and sings as a background vocalist for the ""Pokémon 2.B.A. Master"" soundtrack. In an interview with the ""New York

"GeTai Challenge 2018"
of hundreds of auditionees with an age range of between 12 to 63, 20 singers were selected and put through to the shows. The new theme song, ""大家兴旺发"", was first unveiled to the public during the Lunar New Year Special on February 15, 2018 (Hao Hao and Wina Xie were absent), and their music video was uploaded on YouTube on April 6, 2018. The video was composed by resident judge Jim Lim, lyrics by last season runner-up Marcus Chin, and featured all of the season 1 finalists, except for Wina Xie. The three judges who were resident judges from the

"Erin Bowman"
approached Bowman. She agreed to sing the opening theme song """"Battle Cry (Stand Up!)"""" along with ""Black and White"" for , and ""I Believe In You"" for """". These Pokémon episodes are aired regularly on national TV through the Cartoon Network. Erin Bowman launched her solo career on November 1, 2011 by releasing her debut single ""Problem"" to top 40 radio in the United States. The first radio station to play “Problem” on a full-time basis was Sirius XM channel 3, 20 on 20, where it became a top 5 requested song in less than 4 weeks. In early 2012

"Super Sonico"
by Super Sonico (Ayano Yamamoto). The opening theme for episode one is ""Beat Goes On"" by Ayano Yamamoto, whilst a different ending theme, each performed by First Astronomical Velocity (Yamamoto, Mai Goto, and Mami Ozaki), is featured in each episode. Gravure books featuring Sonico were released by Enterbrain on July 7, 2011. An internet radio show, , began broadcasting on March 24, 2011. A Sonico-themed non-game networking software application for iOS has also been released. Sonico was used to promote the International Exhibition Center station of the Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit Rinkai Line. She is also being used to

Euhemerism
Euhemerism Euhemerism () is an approach to the interpretation of mythology in which mythological accounts are presumed to have originated from real historical events or personages. Euhemerism supposes that historical accounts become myths as they are exaggerated in the retelling, accumulating elaborations and alterations that reflect cultural mores. It was named for the Greek mythographer Euhemerus, who lived in the late 4th century BC. In the more recent literature of myth, such as ""Bulfinch's Mythology"", euhemerism is termed the ""historical theory"" of mythology. Euhemerus was not the first to attempt to rationalize mythology in historical terms, as euhemeristic views are

by most scholars. Euhemerism Euhemerism () is an approach to the interpretation of mythology in which mythological accounts are presumed to have originated from real historical events or personages. Euhemerism supposes that historical accounts become myths as they are exaggerated in the retelling, accumulating elaborations and alterations that reflect cultural mores. It was named for the Greek mythographer Euhemerus, who lived in the late 4th century BC. In the more recent literature of myth, such as ""Bulfinch's Mythology"", euhemerism is termed the ""historical theory"" of mythology. Euhemerus was not the first to attempt to rationalize mythology in historical terms, as

be interpreted as natural or historical events subsequently given supernatural characteristics through retelling. Subsequently Euhemerus was considered to be an atheist by his opponents, most notably Callimachus. Euhemerus' views were rooted in the deification of men, usually kings, into gods through apotheosis. In numerous cultures, kings were exalted or venerated into the status of divine beings and worshipped after their death, or sometimes even while they ruled. Dion, the tyrant ruler of Syracuse, was deified while he was alive and modern scholars consider his apotheosis to have influenced Euhemerus' views on the origin of all gods. Euhemerus was also living

"Orphism (religion)"
Orphism (religion) Orphism (more rarely Orphicism; ) is the name given to a set of religious beliefs and practices originating in the ancient Greek and Hellenistic world, as well as from the Thracians, associated with literature ascribed to the mythical poet Orpheus, who descended into the Greek underworld and returned. Orphics also revered Persephone (who annually descended into the Underworld for a season and then returned) and Dionysus or Bacchus (who also descended into the Underworld and returned). Orpheus was said to have invented the Mysteries of Dionysus. Poetry containing distinctly Orphic beliefs has been traced back to the 6th

during the contemporaneous deification of the Seleucids and ""pharaoization"" of the Ptolemies in a fusion of Hellenic and Egyptian traditions. Euhemerus argued that Zeus was a mortal king who died on Crete, and that his tomb could still be found there with the inscription bearing his name. This claim however did not originate with Euhemerus, as the general sentiment of Crete during the time of Epimenides of Knossos (c. 600 BC) was that Zeus was buried somewhere in Crete. For this reason, the Cretans were often considered atheists, and Epimenides called them all liars (see Epimenides paradox). Callimachus, an opponent

Apotheosis
Apotheosis Apotheosis (from Greek ἀποθέωσις from ἀποθεοῦν, ""apotheoun"" ""to deify""; in Latin ""deificatio"" ""making divine""; also called divinization and deification) is the glorification of a subject to divine level. The term has meanings in theology, where it refers to a belief, and in art, where it refers to a genre. In theology, ""apotheosis"" refers to the idea that an individual has been raised to godlike stature. In art, the term refers to the treatment of any subject (a figure, group, locale, motif, convention or melody) in a particularly grand or exalted manner. Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known

Alatrism
Alatrism Alatrism or alatry (Greek: from the privative ἀ- + λατρεία (""latreia"") = worship) is the recognition of the existence of one or more gods, but with a deliberate lack of worship of any deity. Typically, it includes the belief that religious rituals have no supernatural significance, and that gods ignore all prayers and worship. Alatrism is not the same as Deism, which holds that one or more gods may exist, but do not intervene. Deism does not exclude worship, and alatrism does not exclude the possibility that gods intervene; alatrists usually believe that any divine intervention occurs only for

of Euhemerus' views on mythology, argued that Zeus' Cretan tomb was fabricated, and that he was eternal: A later Latin scholium on the ""Hymns"" of Callimachus attempted to account for the tomb of Zeus. According to the scholium, the original tomb inscription read: ""The tomb of Minos, the son of Jupiter"" but over time the words ""Minos, the son"" wore away leaving only ""the tomb of Jupiter"". This had misled the Cretans into thinking that Zeus had died and was buried there. Influenced by Euhemerus, Porphyry in the 3rd century AD claimed that Pythagoras had discovered the tomb of Zeus

Hierophany
Hierophany A hierophany is a manifestation of the sacred. The word is a formation of the Greek adjective ""hieros"" (; sacred/holy) and the verb ""phainein"" (φαίνειν; to reveal / to bring to light). When the sacred is revealed in some form or other to an entity, it brings with it great pleasure and suffering, as one who has become familiar with the Godhead would ascribe. This information can be then used by the recipient to assist others on their own path. The word ""hierophany"" recurs frequently in the works of the religious historian Mircea Eliade, which he preferred to the

of the family of Saturn and Uranus. The principal sources of these views are the handed-down accounts of Lactantius and Diodorus; or second, in the widest sense, as a rationalist movement which sought to explain the mundane origins of all the Hellenistic gods and heroes as mortals.” Other modern theorists labeled Euhemerism as a “subject of classical paganism that was fostered in the minds of the people of the Middle Ages through the realization that while in most respects the ancient Greeks and Roman had been superior to themselves, they had been in error regarding their religious beliefs. An examination

"Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan"
west, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West. Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that ""teachers should be the best minds in the country"". Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born

"World Teachers' Day"
World Teachers' Day World Teachers' Day, also known as International Teachers Day, is held annually on October 5. Established in 1994, it commemorates the signing of the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which is a standard-setting instrument that addresses the status and situations of teachers around the world. This recommendation outlines standards relating to education personnel policy, recruitment, and initial training as well as the continuing education of teachers, their employment, and working conditions. World Teachers' Day aims to focus on ""appreciating, assessing and improving the educators of the world"" and to provide an opportunity to consider

sometimes-neglected area of teaching personnel at Higher Education institutions into the conversation about the status of teachers. For 2018, the UNESCO adopted the theme: ""The right to education means the right to a qualified teacher.” It commemorates the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and serves as a reminder that the right to education cannot be realized without trained and qualified teachers. The UNESCO cites that everyone can help by celebrating the profession, by generating awareness about teacher issues and by ensuring that teacher respect is part of the natural order of things. Schools and students,

for instance, prepare an occasion for teachers during this day. More than 100 countries commemorate World Teachers' Day and each holds its own celebrations such as the case of India, which has been commemorating Teachers' Day every 5th of September. World Teachers' Day World Teachers' Day, also known as International Teachers Day, is held annually on October 5. Established in 1994, it commemorates the signing of the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which is a standard-setting instrument that addresses the status and situations of teachers around the world. This recommendation outlines standards relating to education personnel policy,

"National Education Day (India)"
National Education Day (India) National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year. The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced on 11th September 2008, ""The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of India by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India. November 11 every year, from 2008 onwards, will be celebrated as the

"Shashibhushan Raychaudhury"
Shashibhushan Raychaudhury Shashibhushan Raychaudhuri () (8 January 1863 – 1922), also known as Shashida, was a patriotic educationist connected with the radical revolutionary activities that had their origins in Bengal. He was the pioneer in what came to be known as the night-school movement, for building up a self-reliant society. Shashida was born on 8 January 1863 at the village Tegharia near Barrackpore in present West Bengal. He was the youngest son of Saudamini Devi and Anandachandra, who owned some land and belonged to an old respectable family. As a student at Sodepur high school, Shashida opened a traditional primary

"School Day of Non-violence and Peace"
School Day of Non-violence and Peace The School Day of Non-violence and Peace (or DENIP, acronym from Catalan-Balearic: ""Dia Escolar de la No-violència i la Pau""), is an observance founded by the Spanish poet ""Llorenç Vidal Vidal"" in Majorca in 1964 as a starting point and support for a pacifying and non-violent education of a permanent character. Different as the first proposed by the UNESCO ""Armistice Day"" in 1948, the ""School Day of Non-violence and Peace"" (DENIP) is observed on January 30 or thereabouts every year, on the anniversary of the death of Mahatma Gandhi, in schools all over the

evaluating the country's current performance in the field.It is also seen as an opportunity to improve the current situation of education in India . National Education Day (India) National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year. The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced on 11th September 2008, ""The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of

issues related to teachers and teaching. To celebrate World Teachers' Day, the UNESCO and Education International (EI) mounts a campaign each year to help give the world better understanding of teachers and the role they play in the development of students and society. They partner with the private sector such as media organizations to achieve this purpose. The campaign focus on different themes for every year. For instance, ""Empowering Teachers” is the theme for 2017. This was the year World Teachers' Day commemorated the 20th anniversary of the 1997 UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel, bringing the

"Abul Kalam Azad"
system with free primary education and modern institutions of higher education. He is also credited with the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology and the foundation of the University Grants Commission, an important institution to supervise and advance higher education throughout the country. National Education Day (India) an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year in India. He also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity

"Justin's House"
Justin's House Justin's House is a children's television show produced by the BBC for CBeebies. It stars host Justin Fletcher, his green Little Monster, and his humanoid general-purpose housekeeping robot Robert. Four series have Justin's House have been aired. Series 1 contained 23 episodes and was broadcast in Autumn 2011. Series 2 contained 25 episodes and aired in two halves. Episodes 1 - 12 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays at 11:00am and 5:00pm from 25 August - 30 September 2012. Episodes 13 - 23 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays from 5 January - 9 February 2013. Episodes 24

"Brent Morin"
performing a half-hour special. Morin dated actress Angie Simms for two years, confirming their relationship in 2016, and breakup in 2017. Brent Morin Brent Morin (born August 31, 1986) is a Los Angeles-based American comedian, stand-up comic, actor and writer. He was a panelist in the sixth season of ""Chelsea Lately"" and played Justin Kearney on the NBC sitcom ""Undateable"" and the agent Hobbs on the sci-fi web-series ""Crunch Time"", on Rooster Teeth. In 2015, Morin released his stand-up comedy show, ""I'm Brent Morin"", exclusively on Netflix. Morin was born in South Windsor, Connecticut, to two inner city high school

"Tim Jo"
Tim Jo Tim Jo (born April 20, 1984) is an American television and film actor, he is most famous for playing ""Reggie Jackson"" on ABC comedy, ""The Neighbors"". Jo made his debut in ""The 2 Bobs"" in 2009, a few weeks later, he was cast in ""Bandslam"". He joined a band after the release of the movie along with other actors, Ryan Donowho and Sarah Roemer called ""Animals of Kin"",<ref name=""http:// Upcoming-Movies.com""></ref> In 2010, he was cast in 2 episodes of ""Greek"". He was later cast in a lead role in TBS, ""Glory Daze"" playing Alex Chang. In 2011, he

Brent Morin Brent Morin (born August 31, 1986) is a Los Angeles-based American comedian, stand-up comic, actor and writer. He was a panelist in the sixth season of ""Chelsea Lately"" and played Justin Kearney on the NBC sitcom ""Undateable"" and the agent Hobbs on the sci-fi web-series ""Crunch Time"", on Rooster Teeth. In 2015, Morin released his stand-up comedy show, ""I'm Brent Morin"", exclusively on Netflix. Morin was born in South Windsor, Connecticut, to two inner city high school English teacher parents. Morin has an older brother, who was a concert pianist, and a younger brother, who became a professional

"Jay Arcilla"
Jay Arcilla Ruel Julian Peter Arcilla simply known as Jay Arcilla (born May 21, 1996 in San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines) is a YouTube sensation, actor, model and dancer. He is best known for his viral Dubsmash video ""Twerk It Like Miley"" by ""Brandon Beal"", and bagged his role as Reggie in the Primetime series broadcast by GMA Network, Little Nanay. Arcilla was born and raised in San Pablo, Laguna. In 2015, he joined ""Eat Bulaga!""'s segment, ""That's My Bae: ""Twerk It"" Dance Contest"". The same year, he also joined the comeback ""StarStruck"" with its 6th season. He is the nephew

"Brandon Flynn"
Brandon Flynn Brandon Flynn (born October 11, 1993) is an American actor, best-known for his role as Justin Foley in the Netflix series ""13 Reasons Why"", as well as appearing as himself in the short film ""Home Movies"", and Mike the Intern in ""BrainDead"". Brandon Flynn was born in Miami, Florida, where he attended high school at New World School of the Arts. He graduated from the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University in New Jersey in 2016, with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. Flynn's first role was when he was ten, playing Mr. Smee in

entrance, usually through one of the doors in the house. Justin's entrance usually ends of creating some mess, for instance in Series 3 Episode 17 he opens the door into Robert, which causes Robert to throw custard pies everywhere. Justin and Robert then sing the Justin's House song. The show always ends with Justin, Robert, and any special guests that featured in that episode singing a song. Justin's House Justin's House is a children's television show produced by the BBC for CBeebies. It stars host Justin Fletcher, his green Little Monster, and his humanoid general-purpose housekeeping robot Robert. Four series

"Tim Jo"
appeared on an episode of ""Castle"". In December 2011, he was cast in a Dan Fogelman pilot, ""The Neighbors"". His character name in the pilot was Joe Montana but it was changed to Reggie Jackson before filming. Tim Jo Tim Jo (born April 20, 1984) is an American television and film actor, he is most famous for playing ""Reggie Jackson"" on ABC comedy, ""The Neighbors"". Jo made his debut in ""The 2 Bobs"" in 2009, a few weeks later, he was cast in ""Bandslam"". He joined a band after the release of the movie along with other actors, Ryan Donowho

"Justin Fletcher"
CBeebies began broadcasting ""Justin's House"" starring Fletcher with Steven Kynman as ""Robert the Robot"" and Jane Deane as ""Dee Livery"". The show is based in Justin's fictional house, and recorded live in front of a studio audience. Episode ratings from BARB. Starting in 1998 Justin presented the ""Fun Song Factory"" for the GMTV series for a year as his first full-time presenting role. He later returned to the show in 2004, as the voice of Ozzy. He owns a production company, Scrumptious House, which has released a DVD called ""Let's Sing Nursery Rhymes with Justin Fletcher"". In the CITV channel

"Dan Milano"
Neil Moritz and run by Steve Levitan. Milano exec-produced, wrote and performed on the series as characters ""Greg the Bunny"" and ""Warren the Ape,"" alongside co-stars Sarah Silverman, Seth Green and Eugene Levy. The relationship with Seth Green led to Milano's involvement as a writer and voice actor on ""Robot Chicken"", ""Titan Maximum"" and """". Meanwhile, Milano and then-writing partner sold a spec feature to Laura Ziskin and Sony Pictures, called ""Me & My Monster."" Developed with effects wizard Stan Winston, the movie was in development with such directors as Neil Jordan, McG, and Jon Favreau (the latter having also

where was the hindenburg scheduled to fly and how many passengers were on it

"Hindenburg disaster"
Hindenburg disaster The ""Hindenburg"" disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 ""Hindenburg"" caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. On board were 97 people (36 passengers and 61 crewmen); there were 36 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen, 1 worker on the ground). The disaster was the subject of spectacular newsreel coverage, photographs, and Herbert Morrison's recorded radio eyewitness reports from the landing field, which were broadcast the next day. A variety of hypotheses have been

to shuttle the passengers from Lakehurst to Newark for connections to airplane flights. Except for strong headwinds that slowed its progress, the Atlantic crossing of the ""Hindenburg"" was otherwise unremarkable until the airship attempted an early-evening landing at Lakehurst three days later on May 6. Although carrying only half its full capacity of passengers (36 of 70) and crewmen (61, including 21 crewman trainees) for the accident flight, the ""Hindenburg"" was fully booked for its return flight. Many of the passengers with tickets to Germany were planning to attend the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London

"LZ 129 Hindenburg"
lower rudder was increased from 8 to 14 degrees. ""Hindenburg"" made 17 round trips across the Atlantic in 1936—its first and only full year of service—with ten trips to the United States and seven to Brazil. The flights were considered demonstrative rather than routine in schedule. The first passenger trip across the North Atlantic left Frankfurt on 6 May with 56 crew and 50 passengers, arriving in Lakehurst on 9 May. As the elevation at Rhein-Main's airfield lies at above sea level, the airship could lift more at takeoff there than it could from Friedrichshafen which was situated at .

put forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The event shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the abrupt end of the airship era. After opening its 1937 season by completing a single round-trip passage to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in late March, the ""Hindenburg"" departed from Frankfurt, Germany, on the evening of May 3, on the first of 10 round trips between Europe and the United States that were scheduled for its second year of commercial service. American Airlines had contracted with the operators of the ""Hindenburg""

the following week. The airship was hours behind schedule when it passed over Boston on the morning of May 6, and its landing at Lakehurst was expected to be further delayed because of afternoon thunderstorms. Advised of the poor weather conditions at Lakehurst, Captain Max Pruss charted a course over Manhattan Island, causing a public spectacle as people rushed out into the street to catch sight of the airship. After passing over the field at 4:00 p.m., Captain Pruss took passengers on a tour over the seasides of New Jersey while waiting for the weather to clear. After finally being

flights to both North and South America originated at the airport at Frankfurt am Main. Although designed and built for commercial transatlantic passenger, air freight, and mail service, at the behest of the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (""Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda"" or ""Propagandaministerium""), ""Hindenburg"" was first pressed into use by the Air Ministry (its DLZ co-operator) as a vehicle for the delivery of Nazi propaganda. On March 7, 1936, ground forces of the German Reich had entered and occupied the Rhineland, a region bordering the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France, which had been designated in the

"The Hindenburg (film)"
clues turn out to be red herrings, such as acrobat Joe Spah (Robert Clary) sketching the ship's interior as an idea for a Vaudeville show and mysterious names which later turned out to be the name of race horses on board the ""Queen Mary"" (where Douglas' competitor is travelling). Across the Atlantic, the flight slowed down by thunderstorms as well as a rip in the fabric of the upper port tail fin. Hiding from Ritter, the rigger Karl Boerth (William Atherton) tripped on a cable, causing the rip. The next day, the riggers Boerth and Ludwig Knorr (Ted Gehring) are

the packed stadium while trailing the Olympic flag on a long weighted line suspended from its gondola. On September 14, the ship flew over the annual Nuremberg Rally. On October 8, 1936, ""Hindenburg"" made a 10.5 hour flight (the ""Millionaires Flight"") over New England carrying 72 wealthy and influential passengers. Winthrop W. Aldrich. Nelson Rockefeller, German and American officials and naval officers, as well as key figures in the aviation industry such as Juan Trippe of Pan American Airways. The ship arrived at Boston by noon and returned to Lakehurst at 5:22 pm before making its final transatlantic flight of

over a three-week period from the Zeppelin dockyards where the airship had been built, ""Hindenburg"" was ready for its formal public debut with a 4,100-mile (6,598 km) propaganda flight around Germany (""Die Deutschlandfahrt"") made jointly with the ""Graf Zeppelin"" from March 26 to 29. This was to be followed by its first commercial passenger flight, a four-day transatlantic voyage to Rio de Janeiro that departed from the Friedrichshafen Airport in nearby Löwenthal on March 31. After again departing from Löwenthal on 6 May on its first of ten round trips to North America made in 1936, all ""Hindenburg""s subsequent transatlantic

airship disaster, it was not the worst. Just over twice as many (73 of 76 on board) had perished when the helium-filled U.S. Navy scout airship crashed at sea off the New Jersey coast four years earlier on April 4, 1933. Some of the survivors were saved by luck. Werner Franz, the 14-year-old cabin boy, was initially dazed by the realization that the ship was on fire. As he stood near the officer's mess where he had been putting away dishes moments before, a water tank holding ballast above him burst open, and he was suddenly soaked. This snapped him

"Supreme Court of India"
of India provided for a supreme court with a chief justice and 7 judges. In the early years, a full bench of the supreme court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the court increased and cases began to accumulate, parliament increased the number of judges(including CJI) from the original 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986 and 31 in 2008 (current strength). As the number of the judges has increased, they sit in smaller benches of two or three (referred to as a division

court as on 1 November 2017 is 55,259 which includes 32,160 admission matters (miscellaneous) and 23,099 regular hearing matters. In May, 2014, former Chief Justice of India, Justice R.M. Lodha, proposed to make Indian judiciary work throughout the year (instead of the present system of having long vacations, specially in the higher courts) in order to reduce pendency of cases in Indian courts; however, as per this proposal there is not going to be any increase in the number of working days or working hours of any of the judges and it only meant that different judges would be going

by the renowned artist Chintamoni Kar. The sculpture is just behind the statue of Mahatma Gandhi. The design of the Court's seal is reproduced from the wheel that appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion capital of Asoka with 24 spokes. The inscription in Sanskrit, यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः (IAST: , means ""whence law (dharma), thence victory"". It is also referred as the wheel of righteousness, encompassing truth, goodness and equity. The registry of the supreme court is headed by the Secretary-General who is assisted by 8 registrars, several additional and deputy registrars, etc., with 1770 employees in all (221

bench)—coming together in larger benches of five or more (referred to as a constitution bench) when required to settle fundamental questions of law. A bench may refer a case before it to a larger bench, should the need arise. A citizen of India not exceeding 65 years age as per of the constitution who has been is eligible to be recommended for appointment, a judge of the supreme court. In practice, judges of the supreme court have been selected so far, mostly from amongst judges of the high courts. Barely seven justices—S. M. Sikri, S. Chandra Roy, Kuldip Singh, Santosh

"Judiciary of India"
had its inaugural sitting on 26 January 1950, the day India's constitution came into force, and since then has delivered more than 24,000 reported judgements. The Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice and 30 other Judges. The proceedings of the Supreme Court are conducted in English only. The Supreme Court Rules of 1966 are framed under Article 145 of the Constitution to regulate the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court. The same is amended and presently governed by the Supreme Court Rules of 2013. There are 24 High Courts at the State level. of the Constitution of India mandates

this number. In formative years, the supreme court met from 10 to 12 in the morning and then 2 to 4 in the afternoon for 28 days in a month. The building is shaped to symbolize scales of justice with its centre-beam being the Central Wing of the building comprising the chief justice’s court, the largest of the courtrooms, with two court halls on either side. The Right Wing of the structure has the bar – room, the offices of the Attorney General of India and other law officers and the library of the court. The Left Wing has the

of cases was unfair. On 20 April 2018, seven opposition parties submitted a petition seeking impeachment of Dipak Misra to the Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, with signatures from seventy-one parliamentarians. On 23 April 2018, the petition was rejected by Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, primarily on the basis that the complaints were about administration and not misbehaviour, and that thus impeachment would seriously interfere with the constitutionally protected independence of the judiciary. The Supreme court works from 10 am to 4:30 pm, but is closed during winter and summer for 2 weeks each. Some critics feel that this delays pending cases.

Hegde, R. F. Nariman, U. U. Lalit, L. Nageswara Rao and Indu Malhotra—have been appointed to the supreme court directly from the bar (i.e. who were practising advocates). The supreme court saw its first woman judge when Justice M. Fathima Beevi was sworn into office in 1989. The seventh and the most recent woman judge in the court is Justice Indu Malhotra. In 1968, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the first Muslim Chief Justice of India. In 2000, Justice K. G. Balakrishnan became the first judge from the ""dalit"" community. In 2007 he also became the first ""dalit"" Chief Justice of

law at the earliest by rectifying any misuse of the constitution by the parliament and the executive without colluding with them and to remove perceptions of people that rule of law is side lined and a section of its citizens are subjected to discrimination. On 12 January 2018, four senior judges of the supreme court; Jasti Chelameswar, Ranjan Gogoi, Madan Lokur and Kurian Joseph addressed a press conference criticizing Chief Justice Dipak Misra's style of administration and the manner in which he allocated cases among judges of the supreme court. However, people close to Misra refuted the allegations that allocation

that the state/judiciary shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life. B. R. Ambedkar clarified as given below in the Constituent Assembly debates on high lighting its inevitable implementation. As per the constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges Cases – (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the supreme court by the president on the recommendation of the ""collegium"" — a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of

"Menstrual cup"
Menstrual cup A menstrual cup is a feminine hygiene product that is inserted into the vagina during menstruation. Its purpose is to prevent menstrual fluid (blood from uterine lining) from leaking onto clothes. Menstrual cups are usually made of flexible medical grade silicone and shaped like a bell with a stem. The stem is used for insertion and removal. The bell-shaped cup seals against the vaginal wall just below the cervix. Every 4–12 hours (depending on the amount of flow), the cup is removed, emptied, rinsed, and reinserted. After each period, the cup should be boiled for at least 5

The top rim of the disc rests behind the pubic bone. If correctly inserted, it should not be felt and should not leak. After about 12 hours of use (depending on flow volume), a disposable cup should be removed and disposed of. This is done by inserting a finger into the vagina, feeling for the top of the rim, hooking the finger beneath the rim and pulling straight out. Sitting down is recommended, to keep the disc parallel to the floor while removing. Removing a disc cleanly takes practice, and may be done while seated on the toilet to avoid

medical-grade polymer blend. It is placed at the base of the cervix in the vaginal fornix, and covers the cervix, like a diaphragm. Because of its placement, it can be worn during sexual intercourse, but it is not a contraceptive nor does it protect against sexually transmitted infections. Disposable cups are designed to fit most women, but may not be suitable for teenagers as the diameter of the rim may be uncomfortable. The disposable cup is pinched in half and inserted into the vaginal canal. Once inserted, a finger is used to push it back and down toward the cervix.

Simply pulling on the stem is not recommended to remove the cup, as that can create suction. The base of the cup is pinched to release the seal, and the cup is removed. After emptying, a menstrual cup should be rinsed or wiped and reinserted. It can be washed with a mild soap, and sterilized in boiling water for a few minutes at the end of the cycle. Alternatively, sterilizing solutions (usually developed for baby bottles and breast pump equipment) may be used to soak the cup. Specific cleaning instructions vary by brand. A 2011 randomized controlled trial in Canada

around the cervix. If correctly inserted, the cup shouldn't leak or cause any discomfort. In comparison with a tampon, the menstrual cup should be placed lower in the vaginal canal. The stem should be completely inside the vagina. There are various folding techniques for insertion; common folds include the c-fold, as well as the punch-down fold. If lubrication is necessary for insertion, it should be water-based, as silicone lubricant can be damaging to the silicone. After 4–12 hours of use (depending on the amount of flow), the cup is removed by reaching up to its stem to find the base.

cup brands sell a smaller and a larger size. Menstrual cups are sold colorless and translucent, but several brands also offer colored cups, such as pink or purple. The use of menstrual cups is considered a safe option relative to other forms of menstrual hygiene. The menstrual cup is first folded or pinched and then inserted into the vagina. It will normally unfold automatically and create a light seal against the vaginal walls. In some cases, the user may need to twist the cup or flex the vaginal muscles to ensure the cup is fully open. The cup should sit

"Silky cup"
Silky cup A Silky Cup is a type of feminine hygiene product which is made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), shaped like a bell and is flexible. It is worn inside the vagina during menstruation to catch menstrual fluid (blood). About every 4–12 hours (depending on the amount of flow), the menstruating woman removes the Silky cup from her vagina, empties the collected menstrual blood into a toilet or sink, washes the cup under running water and inserts it again. At the end of the monthly period, the cup can be sterilized, usually by boiling in water. Unlike tampons and pads,

often be removed or at least lightened by soaking the cup in diluted hydrogen peroxide and/or leaving it out in the sun for a few hours. Most cups produced do not have any other additives to them, except for the colored cups. The coloring used is reported to be safe and approved by the FDA for medical use and food coloring. A disposable cup (also called menstrual disc) is usually disc-shaped, like a diaphragm, with a flexible outer ring and a soft, collapsible center. It is designed to be disposed of after use. These tend to be made of a

capable of growing on menstrual cups. However, there have only been two confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated with the use of the menstrual cups. The first case was a woman who had a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and chronic menorrhagia. In the second case, the menstrual cup had been left in for 7 days. Menstrual cups are generally bell-shaped, with a few exceptions. Most brands use medical grade silicone as the material for the menstrual cup, although latex and thermoplastic elastomer are also options. Menstrual cups made from silicone are generally designed to last for 1–5 years.

"Menstruation (mammal)"
Menstruation (mammal) Menstruation in mammals is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium). It occurs on a regular basis in sexually reproductive-age females of certain mammal species. Although there is some disagreement in definitions between sources, menstruation is generally considered to be limited to primates. Overt menstruation (where there is bleeding from the uterus through the vagina) is found primarily in humans and close relatives such as chimpanzees. It is common in simians (Old World monkeys, and apes), but completely lacking in strepsirrhine primates and possibly weakly present in tarsiers. Beyond primates, it is known only in bats and the

who created the pieta and also painted the ceiling of the sistine chapel

"Sistine Chapel ceiling"
Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many other important services. The ceiling's various painted elements form part of a larger scheme of decoration within the Chapel, which includes the large fresco ""The Last Judgment"" on

"San Marco Altarpiece"
San Marco Altarpiece The San Marco Altarpiece (also known as ""Madonna and Saints"") is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico, housed in the San Marco Museum of Florence, Italy. It was commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici the Elder, and was completed sometime between 1438 and 1443. In addition to the main panel depicting the enthroned Virgin and Child surrounded by Angels and Saints, there were 9 predella panels accompanying it, narrating the legend of the patron saints, Saints Cosmas and Damian. Only the main panel actually remains to be seen in the Convent of San Marco,

"The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)"
The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci) The Last Supper ( or ""L'Ultima Cena"" ) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. It is one of the western world's most recognizable paintings. The work is presumed to have been started around 1495–96 and was commissioned as part of a plan of renovations to the church and its convent buildings by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. The painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles,

"Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling"
Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most renowned artworks of the High Renaissance. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which ""The Creation of Adam"" is the best known, the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, both clothed and nude, which allowed Michelangelo to fully demonstrate his skill in creating a huge variety of poses for the human figure, and have provided an enormously influential pattern

the positions of hands and loaves of bread can be interpreted as notes on a musical staff and, if read from right to left, as was characteristic of Leonardo's writing, form a musical composition. The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci) The Last Supper ( or ""L'Ultima Cena"" ) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. It is one of the western world's most recognizable paintings. The work is presumed to have been started around 1495–96 and was commissioned as part

"Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece"
Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece The Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Luca Signorelli, housed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in the Cathedral of Perugia, Italy. It was painted for the church in 1484, commissioned by bishop Jacopo Vagnucci, a native of Cortona, Signorelli's birthplace. The scene portrayed is a Holy Conversation, with a high throne where the Virgin and Child sit, placed over a Classical-style pedestal and crowned by a small engraved arch featuring a festoon with vegetables. Mary is reading a Bible, while Jesus holds a white lily, symbolizing her virginity and purity. Over a gilded

on the Flight into Egypt. The ""Ignudi"" which surround the narrative scenes may show the perfection of Humanity, or may represent angels. They were often imitated by other artists. The shields represent violent episodes in the history of Israel. Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most renowned artworks of the High Renaissance. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which ""The Creation of Adam"" is the best known, the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations.

"Sistine Chapel"
1512, under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the chapel's ceiling, a project which changed the course of Western art and is regarded as one of the major artistic accomplishments of human civilization. In a different climate after the Sack of Rome, he returned and between 1535 and 1541, painted ""The Last Judgment"" for Popes Clement VII and Paul III. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel ever since they were revealed five hundred years ago. While known as the location of Papal conclaves, the primary function of the Sistine Chapel is

the sanctuary wall, also by Michelangelo, wall paintings by several leading painters of the late 15th century including Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino, and a set of large tapestries by Raphael, the whole illustrating much of the doctrine of the Catholic Church. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which ""The Creation of Adam"" is the best known, having an iconic standing equaled only by Leonardo da Vincis ""Mona Lisa"", the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, both

"Brancacci Chapel"
Brancacci Chapel The Brancacci Chapel (in Italian, ""Cappella dei Brancacci"") is a chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, central Italy. It is sometimes called the ""Sistine Chapel of the early Renaissance"" for its painting cycle, among the most famous and influential of the period. Construction of the chapel was commissioned by Felice Brancacci and begun in 1386. Public access is currently gained via the neighbouring convent, designed by Brunelleschi. The church and the chapel are treated as separate places to visit and as such have different opening times and it is quite difficult to see

"Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
to start a revolution, was extended in the film. A new song sung by Perchik was recorded (""Any Day Now""), but was omitted from the final print; however, it was included in the 2004 reissue of the soundtrack. When the film was re-released to theaters in 1979, 32 minutes were cut, including the songs ""Far from the Home I Love"" and ""Anatevka"". In the film, Tevye and Lazar Wolf discuss Wolf's proposed marriage to Tzeitel in Wolf's home, while in the stage version, the two meet in a tavern. The film shows Wolf's home as filled with golden artifacts. Prior

"Fiddler on the Roof"
Golde. ""Love,"" he says, ""it's the new style."" Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, ""Do You Love Me?"" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia (""The Rumor/I Just Heard""), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be,

Fiddler on the Roof Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in 1905. It is based on ""Tevye and his Daughters"" (or ""Tevye the Dairyman"") and other tales by Sholem Aleichem. The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry

none. The 2007 West End revival was nominated for Olivier Awards for best revival, and Goodman was nominated as best actor. Fiddler on the Roof Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in 1905. It is based on ""Tevye and his Daughters"" (or ""Tevye the Dairyman"") and other tales by Sholem Aleichem. The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach

that when Perchik is released, they will join the others in the United States. Chava and her husband Fyedka come to Tevye's house and tell the family that they are leaving for Kraków, Poland, being unable to stay in a place that would force innocent people out. Tevye shows signs of forgiving Chava by murmuring under his breath ""And God be with you,"" silently urging Tzeitel to repeat his words to Chava. Golde calls out to Chava and Fyedka, telling them where they will be living in New York with a relative. The Constable silently watches as the mass evacuation

Best Musical, score, book, direction and choreography. It spawned five Broadway revivals and a highly successful 1971 film adaptation and has enjoyed enduring international popularity. It has also been a popular choice for school and community productions. ""Fiddler on the Roof"" is based on ""Tevye (or ""Tevye the Dairyman"") and his Daughters"", a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It is also influenced by ""Life Is with People"", by Mark

both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love – each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of his faith – and with the edict of the Tsar who evicts the Jews from the town of Anatevka. Throughout the film, Tevye talks to God and directly to the audience, breaking the fourth wall. In these monologues, Tevye ponders tradition, the difficulties of being poor, the Jewish community's constant fear of harassment from their non-Jewish neighbors, and important family decisions. The film was released to critical acclaim and won

morning, Fyedka and Chava elope and are married in a Russian Orthodox church. Golde learns of the marriage when she meets up with the priest. When a grief-stricken Golde tells Tevye about the marriage, he tells her that Chava is dead to the family and that they shall forget her altogether. Chava asks Tevye to accept her marriage. In a soliloquy, Tevye concludes that he cannot accept Chava marrying a non-Jew. He accuses her of abandoning the Jewish faith and disowns her. One winter day, the Jews of Anatevka are notified that they have three days to leave the village

character of Yente is reduced, and Perchik's song to Hodel ""Now I Have Everything"" is cut and replaced by a scene in Kiev. The ""Chagall color palette"" of the original Broadway production was exchanged for a grittier, more realistic depiction of the village of Anatevka. Theatre writer John Kenrick writes that the original Broadway cast album released by RCA Victor in 1964, ""shimmers – an essential recording in any show lover's collection"", praising the cast. The remastered CD includes two recordings not on the original album, the bottle dance from the wedding scene and ""Rumor"" performed by Beatrice Arthur. Kenrick

three Academy Awards, including Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score for arranger-conductor John Williams. It was nominated for several more, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Topol as Tevye, and Best Supporting Actor for Frey, who played Motel Kamzoil the Tailor. Topol and Frey had performed in stage productions of the musical; Topol as Tevye in the London production and Frey in a minor part as Mendel, the rabbi's son, on Broadway. The film's plot largely follows that of the musical from which it is adapted. In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village

"The High Chaparral"
energies on ""The High Chaparral"". After the show's cancellation in 1971 after only four years, Dortort chose not to return to ""Bonanza"" and retired. All the exterior filming was done at the famous Old Tucson Studios near Tucson, Arizona (site of frequent movie-making for several decades) and in the nearby Saguaro National Park, although in a few later episodes, some filming was done in California and (in season three) in the Coronado National Forest south of Tucson. The interiors were generally filmed at the NBC television studios in Burbank. The series has appeared on CBN, Family Channel, Hallmark Channel, INSP,

"High Chaparral Theme Park"
on the NBC (National Broadcasting Company) television network, for four seasons, 1967-1971, starring Leif Erickson, Linda Cristal, Henry Darrow and Cameron Mitchell. It focused on the adventures and drama about the large but struggling cattle ranch ""The High Chaparral"" on the high desert scrublands of southern Arizona Territory near the Mexican border and conflicts with the Apache Indians and their famous chief Cochise and the local United States Cavalry / U.S. Army troops. It's the stories of newly arrived owner ""Big John"" Cannon (former Union Army captain in the recent American Civil War, 1861-1865), his brother Buck, who fought for

The High Chaparral The High Chaparral is an American Western-themed television series starring Leif Erickson and Cameron Mitchell, which aired on NBC from 1967 to 1971. The series, made by Xanadu Productions in association with NBC Productions, was created by David Dortort, who had previously created ""Bonanza"" for the network. The theme song was also written and conducted by ""Bonanza"" scorer David Rose, who also scored the two-hour pilot. The show revolves around ""Big John"" Cannon (Erickson), a rancher living in the dry desert of southern Arizona Territory, near the Mexican border in Apache Indian country in the 1870s. He

Dub Taylor, Denver Pyle, Paul Winfield, and Morgan Woodward. The two-hour opening episode establishes the background to the action, bringing ""Big John"" Cannon and his family and brother Buck to the frontier high desert scrubland in the southern Arizona Territory near the border with Mexico, where they buy a run-down ""hacienda"" and establish a cattle ranch on it. The Apaches, under the leadership of Cochise, are hostile; John's wife Anna-Lee is killed in an early attack, and to survive, the Cannons are compelled to enter into an alliance with a rich and powerful neighboring rancher, Don Sebastian Montoya, who owns

box with season one (28 episodes) on May 2, 2012. Season two released on January 28, 2013. Season three released on September 3, 2013, and the final season released January 26, 2014. ""The High Chaparral"" is also released in Sweden with each season in two boxes. In Australia, they have also released ""The High Chaparral"" in four boxes. The High Chaparral The High Chaparral is an American Western-themed television series starring Leif Erickson and Cameron Mitchell, which aired on NBC from 1967 to 1971. The series, made by Xanadu Productions in association with NBC Productions, was created by David Dortort,

to Victoria also brings her brother Manolito (Henry Darrow) to live with the American ""gringo"" family on the extensive ranch. Among the many frequent guest stars were Rico Alaniz, Richard Bradford, Scott Brady, Rory Calhoun. Anthony Caruso, Chief Dan George, Roberto Contreras, Dennis Cross, Jim Davis, John Dehner, Bruce Dern, Charles Durning, Paul Fix, Steve Forrest, Ron Foster, Frank Gorshin, Ron Hagerthy, Ron Hayes, Myron Healey, Barbara Hershey, Don Keefer, Dan Kemp, Robert Loggia, Jack Lord, Tyler McVey, Ricardo Montalban, Joanna Moore, Nehemiah Persoff, Stuart Randall, Gilbert Roland, Ned Romero, Kurt Russell, Frank Silvera, Barry Sullivan, William Sylvester, William Tannen,

U.S. Army in the Indian Wars on the western frontier in North America during the 19th century. When many people started to get curious about the place, he realized its commercial/tourist and historical purposes and possibilities. Similar to Walt Disney's construction of various Disneylands and Disney Worlds with ""Frontierlands"" portions built into the entertainment parks in several foreign countries decades later. ""Big"" Bengt Erlandsson died in March 2016. The park was opened in 1966, the year before the debut of """"The High Chaparral"" "" an extended hour-long western television series in the new color broadcasting that ran on American TV

the opposing southern Confederacy, John's son ""Blue Boy"" and new beautiful dark-haired sophisticated Latino/Mexican wife Victoria, thirty years his junior, daughter from a neighboring Mexican cattle baron across the border that he has forged an alliance against his opposition. It was produced by David Dortort, who also created the earlier hit American TV series also on NBC. """"Bonanza"""" (1959-1973) about the Cartwright family - a father and three sons by successive wives on a huge ranch named ""The Ponderosa"" near Lake Tahoe on the California-Nevada border at the edge of the Sierra Nevada mountains chain by the rich silver strike

California. The name comes from the Spanish word for scrub oak, chaparro, which is seldom found further east in Arizona as native flora. Some colloquial use of the term in Arizona describes the low-growing sage, mesquite, and palo verde, which are native to the area, especially in the higher desert, but the high Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona plant community is more properly called a ""xeric"" shrublands biome. ""The High Chaparral"" was producer Dortort's new brainchild, and he left the day-to-day running of his earlier success ""Bonanza"" (1959-1973) in the spring of 1967 so he could focus all of his

"Cerro Pelon Ranch"
Cerro Pelon Ranch Cerro Pelon Ranch (originally called the Cook Ranch, and later the Cook Movie Ranch) is a large ranch estate in Santa Fe County, New Mexico. About thirty Hollywood productions have been filmed there, including ""Silverado"", ""Lonesome Dove"", ""Wild Wild West"", """", and ""Thor"". The film set originally constructed on the property for ""Silverado"" has been expanded and revised for each succeeding production. Contrasting the old-fashioned appearance of these sets, the property is also noted for ultramodern houses and facilities built there after its purchase in 2001 by fashion designer Tom Ford. These include a horse facility designed

"Urban area"
overall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)"". The largest urban area in the United States is the New York metropolitan area. The population of New York City, the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million people, its metropolitan statistical area has a population that is over 20 million, and its combined statistical area population is over 23 million. The next six largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Houston. About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of

"Northeast megalopolis"
well as many smaller urban centers such as Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia to the South and Portland, Maine to the North. On a map, the megalopolis appears almost as a straight line. As of 2010, the region contained over 50 million people, about 17% of the U.S. population on less than 2% of the nation's land area, with a population density of approximately 1,000 people per square mile (390 people/km), compared to the U.S. average of 80.5 per square mile (31 people/km). America 2050 projections expect the area to grow to 58.1 million people by 2025. French geographer Jean Gottmann

Northeast megalopolis The Northeast megalopolis (also Boston–Washington corridor or Bos-Wash corridor), the second most populous megalopolis in the United States with over 50 million residents, is the most heavily urbanized agglomeration of the United States. Located primarily on the Atlantic Ocean in the Northeastern United States, with its lower terminus in the upper Southeast, it runs primarily northeast to southwest from the northern suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts, to the southern suburbs of Washington, D.C., in Northern Virginia. It includes the major cities of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., along with their metropolitan areas and suburbs, as

and Boston. By 1850, New York and Philadelphia alone had over 300,000 residents, while Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn (at that time a separate city from New York), Cincinnati, and New Orleans had over 100,000: five were within one 400-mile strip, while the last two were each four hundred miles away from the next closest metropolis. The immense concentration of people in one relatively densely packed area gave that region considerable sway through population density over the rest of the nation, which was solidified in 1800 when Washington, D.C., only 38 miles southwest of Baltimore, was made the capital. According to Gottmann,

Metropolis
United States, an incorporated area or group of areas having a population more than 50,000 is required to have a metropolitan planning organization in order to facilitate major infrastructure projects and to ensure financial solvency. Thus, a population of 50,000 or greater has been used as a de facto standard to define a ""metropolis"" in the United States. A similar definition is used by the United States Census Bureau. The bureau defines a metropolitan statistical area as ""at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants."" The ten largest metropolitan cities in the USA are New York City, Los

"United States"
the total size of the United States is measured. The ""Encyclopædia Britannica"", for instance, lists the size of the United States as , as they do not count the country's coastal or territorial waters. ""The World Factbook"", which includes those waters, gives . The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The

"Center of population"
moved a few kilometres to the south, due to a decreasing population in northern Sweden and immigration to the south. The center of population in the Russian Federation is calculated by A. K. Gogolev to be at , south of Izhevsk. Heping District, Taichung. The mean center of the United States population (using the centroid definition) has been calculated for each U.S. Census since 1790. Over the last two centuries, it has progressed westward and, since 1930, southwesterly, reflecting population drift. For example, in 2010, the mean center was located near Plato, Missouri, in the south-central part of the state,

"Cities and metropolitan areas of the United States"
the core as measured by commuting ties. The Core Based Statistical Areas currently defined by the OMB include the 374 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), which have an urban core population of at least 50,000, and the 581 Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs), which have an urban core population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000. Most recently on December 1, 2009, the United States Office of Management and Budget also defined 125 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) for the United States and 3 CSAs for Puerto Rico. The OMB defines a Combined Statistical Area as two or more adjacent Core Based

"New York metropolitan area"
New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass, at . The metropolitan area includes New York City (the most populous city in the United States), Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities. The New York metropolitan area

in Miami and Key West, Florida, respectively, and terminate in Maine at the Canada–United States border, as well as the Northeast Corridor railway line, the busiest passenger rail line in the country. It is home to over 50 million people, and Metropolitan Statistical Areas are contiguous from Washington to Boston. The region is not uniformly populated between the terminal cities, and there are regions nominally within the corridor yet located away from the main transit lines that have been bypassed by urbanization, such as Connecticut's Quiet Corner. The region accounts for 20% of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product. It is

who was the mexican commander who surrendered to the texans at the capturing of san antonio

"Siege of Fort Texas"
responded with ""My interpreter is not skilled in your language but if I understand you correctly...I must respectfully decline to surrender."" As soon as it became clear Taylor was leaving Fort Polk, Arista moved his army from his camp at Tanques del Ramiereno to block Taylor's path leading to the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Though the confrontation at Fort Texas lasted six days, with periods of heavy cannon fire, casualties were remarkably low. Only two U.S. soldiers died in the bombardment. Major Brown was struck in the leg by a cannonball on May 6 and

"James Bowie"
attacked. Most of the noncombatants in the fort, including Bowie's relatives, survived. Santa Anna ordered the alcalde of San Antonio, Francisco Antonio Ruiz, to confirm the identities of Bowie, Travis, and Crockett. After first ordering that Bowie be buried, as he was too brave a man to be burned like a dog, Santa Anna later had Bowie's body placed with those of the other Texians on the funeral pyre. When Bowie's mother was informed of his death, she calmly stated, ""I'll wager no wounds were found in his back."" Various eyewitnesses to the battle gave conflicting accounts of Bowie's death.

"Battle of the Alamo"
journeyed to Gonzales to take command of the 400 volunteers who were still waiting for Fannin to lead them to the Alamo. Within hours of Houston's arrival on March 11, Andres Barcenas and Anselmo Bergaras arrived with news that the Alamo had fallen and all Texians were slain. Hoping to halt a panic, Houston arrested the men as enemy spies. They were released hours later when Susannah Dickinson and Joe reached Gonzales and confirmed the report. Realizing that the Mexican army would soon advance towards the Texian settlements, Houston advised all civilians in the area to evacuate and ordered his

"Battle of Monterrey"
Battle of Monterrey In the Battle of Monterrey (September 21–24, 1846) during the Mexican–American War, General Pedro de Ampudia and the Mexican Army of the North was defeated by the Army of Occupation, a force of United States Regulars, Volunteers and Texas Rangers under the command of General Zachary Taylor. The hard-fought urban combat led to heavy casualties on both sides. The battle ended with both sides negotiating a two-month armistice and the Mexican forces being allowed to make an orderly evacuation in return for the surrender of the city. Following the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, Taylor crossed

"Antonio López de Santa Anna"
Alamo was his only option. The letter stressed that Commander William Travis was to blame for the degree of violence at the Alamo. Santa Anna believed that Travis was overly rude and disrespectful towards him, and had that not happened, he would have allowed Sam Houston to establish a dominant presence there. In his letter, he stated that the disrespect of Travis led to the demise of all of his followers, which he claimed only took a couple hours. However, the defeat at the Alamo bought time for General Sam Houston and his Texas forces. During the siege of the

Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States), killing the Texian defenders. Santa Anna's cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April

treaty was made between Santa Anna and Texas. It committed Santa Anna to ceasing attacks on the Texan people, bringing to an end all military conflict between the two. Santa Anna also agreed that his troops would leave Texas. Both armies were also prohibited from contact with each other. Lastly, the treaty demanded that all Texan prisoners under Santa Anna be released. The treaty was a major turning point in Santa Anna's career, as it meant the end of Mexican reign in Texas. López de Santa Anna rode double into Sam Houston's camp on the horse of Joel Walter Robison,

"Siege of the Alamo"
and wounded eight others; no other Mexican officer, however, reported fatalities from that day. Bowie believed that Travis had acted hastily and sent Green B. Jameson to meet with Santa Anna. Jameson carried a letter addressed to ""The Commander of the invading forces below Bejar"" and signed ""Commander of the volunteers of Bejar"". Angry that Bowie presented himself as Santa Anna's equal, the Mexican general refused to meet with Jameson, but allowed Colonel Juan Almonte and Jose Bartres to parley. Almonte later said that Jameson asked for an honorable surrender, but Bartres replied ""I reply to you, according to the

Mexican troops. Santa Anna was captured the following day, and reportedly told Houston: ""That man may consider himself born to no common destiny who has conquered the Napoleon of the West. And now it remains for him to be generous to the vanquished."" Houston replied, ""You should have remembered that at the Alamo"". Santa Anna's life was spared, and he was forced to order his troops out of Texas, ending Mexican control of the province and bestowing some legitimacy on the new republic. Following the battle, Santa Anna was alternately viewed as a national hero or a pariah. Mexican perceptions

The Texian bodies were stacked and burned. The only exception was the body of Gregorio Esparza. His brother Francisco, an officer in Santa Anna's army, received permission to give Gregorio a proper burial. The ashes were left where they fell until February 1837, when Juan Seguín returned to Béxar to examine the remains. A simple coffin inscribed with the names Travis, Crockett, and Bowie was filled with ashes from the funeral pyres. According to a March 28, 1837, article in the ""Telegraph and Texas Register"", Seguín buried the coffin under a peach tree grove. The spot was not marked and

"Age of Discovery"
legendary Christian lands to the south like the long-lost Christian kingdom of Prester John and to probe whether it was possible to reach the Indies by sea, the source of the lucrative spice trade. He invested in sponsoring voyages down the coast of Mauritania, gathering a group of merchants, shipowners and stakeholders interested in new sea lanes. Soon the Atlantic islands of Madeira (1419) and the Azores (1427) were reached. In particular, they were discovered by voyages launched by the command of Prince Henry the Navigator. The expedition leader himself, who established settlements on the island of Madeira, was João

"Portuguese Empire"
in history, a description also given to the Spanish Empire. The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the Age of Discovery, and the power and influence of the Kingdom of Portugal would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the Reconquista, Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418–19, using recent developments in navigation, cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice-trade. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498 Vasco

Gonçalves Zarco. At the time, Europeans did not know what lay beyond Cape Non (Cape Chaunar) on the African coast, and whether it was possible to return once it was crossed. Nautical myths warned of oceanic monsters or an edge of the world, but Prince Henry's navigation challenged such beliefs: starting in 1421, systematic sailing overcame it, reaching the difficult Cape Bojador that in 1434 one of Prince Henry's captains, Gil Eanes, finally passed. A major advance was the introduction of the caravel in the mid-15th century, a small ship able to sail windward more than any other in Europe

exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations coming into contact, but also led to the propagation of diseases that decimated populations not previously in contact with Eurasia and Africa and to the enslavement, exploitation, military conquest and economic dominance by Europe and its colonies over native populations. It also allowed for the expansion of Christianity throughout the world: with the spread of missionary activity, it eventually became the world's largest religion. The Portuguese began systematically exploring the Atlantic coast of Africa from 1418, under the sponsorship of Prince Henry. Under the

Outbreaks of bubonic plague led to severe depopulation in the second half of the 14th century: only the sea offered alternatives, with most population settling in fishing and trading coastal areas. Between 1325 and 1357 Afonso IV of Portugal encouraged maritime commerce and ordered the first explorations. The Canary Islands, already known to the Genoese, were claimed as officially discovered under patronage of the Portuguese but in 1344 Castile disputed them, expanding their rivalry into the sea. To ensure their monopoly on trade, Europeans (beginning with the Portuguese) attempted to install a mediterranean system of trade which used military might

(see below). It ended when de Solís and some of his crew disappeared when exploring a River Plate river in a boat, but what it found re-ignited Spanish interest, and colonization began in 1531. In April 1500, the second Portuguese India Armada, headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral, with a crew of expert captains, including Bartolomeu Dias and Nicolau Coelho, encountered the Brazilian coast as it swung westward in the Atlantic while performing a large ""volta do mar"" to avoid becalming in the Gulf of Guinea. On 21 April 1500 a mountain was seen and was named ""Monte Pascoal"", and on

in the 1460s. In 1460 Pedro de Sintra reached Sierra Leone. Prince Henry died in November that year after which, given the meagre revenues, exploration was granted to Lisbon merchant Fernão Gomes in 1469, who in exchange for the monopoly of trade in the Gulf of Guinea had to explore each year for five years. With his sponsorship, explorers João de Santarém, Pedro Escobar, Lopo Gonçalves, Fernão do Pó, and Pedro de Sintra made it even beyond those goals. They reached the Southern Hemisphere and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including São Tomé and Príncipe and Elmina on

"History of Portugal"
discovery of the route to India. At the end of the 15th century, Portugal expelled some local Sephardic Jews, along with those refugees who had come from Castile and Aragon after 1492. In addition, many Jews were forcibly converted to Catholicism and remained as ""conversos"". Many Jews remained secretly Jewish, in danger of persecution by the Portuguese Inquisition. In 1506, 3,000 New Christians were massacred in Lisbon. In the spring of 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral set sail from Cape Verde with 13 ships and crews and nobles such as Nicolau Coelho; the explorer Bartolomeu Dias and his brother Diogo; Duarte

struggled to determine it for centuries. Using the caravel, systematic exploration continued ever more southerly, advancing on average one degree a year. Senegal and Cape Verde Peninsula were reached in 1445 and in 1446, Álvaro Fernandes pushed on almost as far as present-day Sierra Leone. In 1453 the fall of Constantinople to the hands of the Ottomans was a blow to Christendom and the established business relations linking with the east. In 1455 Pope Nicholas V issued the bull ""Romanus Pontifex"" reinforcing the previous ""Dum Diversas"" (1452), granting all lands and seas discovered beyond Cape Bojador to King Afonso V

direction of Henry the Navigator, the Portuguese developed a new, much lighter ship, the caravel, which could sail further and faster, and, above all, was highly manoeuvrable and could sail much nearer the wind, or ""into the wind"". In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias reached the Indian Ocean by this route. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon funded Christopher Columbus's plan to sail west to reach the Indies by crossing the Atlantic. He landed on a continent uncharted by Europeans and seen as a new world, the Americas. To prevent conflict between Portugal and Castile (the crown under which

"Running of the bulls"
only stand behind the second fence, whereas the space between the two fences is reserved for security and medical personnel and also to participants who need cover during the event. The encierro begins with runners singing a benediction. It is sung three times, each time being sung both in Spanish and Basque. The benediction is a prayer given at a statue of Saint Fermin, patron of the festival and the city, to ask the saint's protection and can be translated into English as ""We ask Saint Fermin, as our Patron, to guide us through the encierro and give us his

was gored by a bull soon after its publication. (See Further Reading section below.) Although the most famous running of the bulls is that of San Fermín, they are held in towns and villages across Spain, Portugal, and in some cities in southern France during the summer. Examples are the bull run of San Sebastián de los Reyes, near Madrid, at the end of August which is the most popular of Spain after Pamplona, the bull run of Cuéllar, considered as the oldest of Spain since there are documents of its existence dating back to 1215, the Highland Capeias of

cattle) are typically used in such events. The most famous bull-run – what a capitalized ""the Running of the Bulls"" most often refers to in English – is the held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honour of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain and Portugal, in some cities in Mexico, and in the Occitan (Camargue) region of southern France. Bull-running was formerly also practiced in rural England, most

RTVE, the public Spanish national television channel, for over 30 years. It is the highest profile event of the San Fermín festival, which is held every year from 6–14 July. The first bull running is on 7 July, followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival, beginning every day at 8 am. Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old, run in the same direction as the bulls, not incite the bulls, and not be under the influence of alcohol. In Pamplona, a set of

the Bull , in which hundreds of red- and white-clad beachgoers are chased down the shore by a single ""bull"" (two people in a pantomime horse-style costume). In Rangiora, New Zealand, an annual Running of the Sheep is held, in which 1000–2000 sheep are released down the main street of the small farming town. The Running of the Bulls UK is a pub crawl event that takes place on London's Hampstead Heath and uses fast human runners in place of bulls. In 2014, Pamplona inaugurated a series of running events in June, the San Fermín Marathon, of a full marathon

(normally in August). Compared to encierros, animals are not directed to any bullring. These festivities are normally organized by the youngsters of the village, as a way for showing their courage and ability with the bull. Some sources consider this tradition a masculine initiation rite to adulthood. Numerous bull-running events happen in France in the region around Sommières, in accordance with the Camargues tradition, in which no bulls are intentionally injured or killed. For instance, in Calvisson, the annual event takes place around 20 July over a period of five days. There are four events: the , in which at

the Raia in Sabugal, Portugal, with horses leading the herd crossing old border passes out of Spain and using the medieval 'Forcåo', or the bull run of Navalcarnero held at night. Other ""encierros"" have also caused fatalities. ""Bous al carrer"", ""correbou"" or ""correbous"" (meaning in Catalan, 'bulls in the street', 'street-bulls') is a typical festivity in many villages in the Valencian region, Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia, and Fornalutx, Mallorca. Another similar tradition is ""soltes de vaques"", where cows are used instead of bulls. Even though they can take place all along the year, they are most usual during local festivals

of the herd has entered the bullring and its corral respectively, marking the end of the event. The average duration between the first rocket and the end of the encierro is two minutes, 30 seconds. The encierro is usually composed of the six bulls to be fought in the afternoon, six steers that run in herd with the bulls, and three more steers that follow the herd to encourage any reluctant bulls to continue along the route. The function of the steers, who run the route daily, is to guide the bulls to the bullring. The average speed of the

run in the town every 13 November, for ever after. As of 2013 the bull run had been revived as a ceremonial, festival-style community event. A variation is the nightly ""fire bull"" where balls of flammable material are placed on the horns. Currently the bull is often replaced by a runner carrying a frame on which fireworks are placed and dodgers, usually children, run to avoid the sparks. In 2008, Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard and Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais performed a version of a 'bull running' event in Pamplona, Spain, with the Formula One cars chasing

(42.195 km), half-marathon (21.097 km), or 10 km road race that concludes with the final 900m of each race using the route, runners crossing the finish line inside the bullring. Many opponents argue that bulls are mentally injured by the harassment and voicing of both participants and spectators, and some of animals may also die because of the stress, especially if they are roped or bring flares in their horns (bou embolat version). Despite all this, the festivities seem to have wide popular support in their villages Many animal rights activists oppose the event. PETA activists created the Running of

"How Long (Ace song)"
Long"": How Long (Ace song) ""How Long"" is a 1974 song by the British group Ace from their album ""Five-A-Side"". It reached No. 3 in the US and Canadian charts, and No. 20 in the UK Singles Chart. Although widely interpreted as being about adultery, the song was in fact composed by lead singer Paul Carrack upon discovering that bassist Terry Comer had been secretly working with the Sutherland Brothers and Quiver. Comer returned to Ace in time to play on the song. The guitar solo is by Alan ""Bam"" King. The following artists have also recorded cover versions of

"How Long Has This Been Going On (Van Morrison album)"
How Long Has This Been Going On (Van Morrison album) How Long Has This Been Going On is the twenty-fourth studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison, ""with Georgie Fame and Friends"", released in December 1995 (see 1995 in music) in the UK. It charted at #1 on Top Jazz Albums. The album was recorded live (but without an audience) at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, London, England, on 3 May 1995, and features a number of jazz standards and a be-bop influenced rendition of Morrison's classic ""Moondance"". According to Van Morrison, ""the album took four or five hours to

How Long (Ace song) ""How Long"" is a 1974 song by the British group Ace from their album ""Five-A-Side"". It reached No. 3 in the US and Canadian charts, and No. 20 in the UK Singles Chart. Although widely interpreted as being about adultery, the song was in fact composed by lead singer Paul Carrack upon discovering that bassist Terry Comer had been secretly working with the Sutherland Brothers and Quiver. Comer returned to Ace in time to play on the song. The guitar solo is by Alan ""Bam"" King. The following artists have also recorded cover versions of ""How

"How Long (Charlie Puth song)"
Puth teased the song in September 2017 on social media. He tweeted two photos in a row, which were captioned ""how"" and ""long"" respectively. In October 2017, he posted photos and video clips with the captions, ""has"", ""this"", ""been"" and ""going"". On October 4, 2017, he posted a video of the voice note recording behind the song with the caption ""on"", eventually spelling out ""how long has this been going on"" altogether, as one of the lines in the song's lyrics. The song is composed in the key of C♯ minor with a tempo of 108-112 beats per minute. Chris

How Long (Charlie Puth song) ""How Long"" is a song recorded and produced by American singer Charlie Puth. He co-wrote the song with Jacob Kasher and DJ Frank E. It was released on October 5, 2017, by Atlantic Records as the second single from Puth's second studio album, ""Voicenotes"" (2018). Commercially, it has reached the top 10 in Belgium, Israel, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Philippines, Scotland, and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland. The song peaked at number 21 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100.

"On and On (Stephen Bishop song)"
On and On (Stephen Bishop song) ""On and On"" is a song by American singer/songwriter Stephen Bishop. The song became a major hit, peaking at number 11 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100. It was his greatest hit, and spent 28 weeks on the chart. In Canada, the song peaked at number 6. On the U.S. Easy Listening chart, ""On and On"" peaked at number two. It reached number three on the corresponding Canadian chart. Despite failing to crack the Top Ten, it was the 30th ranked single by the ""Billboard"" magazine year-end chart for 1977 as a result of

"Something's Going On"
archives until 1996. Frida also asked Per Gessle, later of Roxette, to set Dorothy Parker's bittersweet poem ""Threnody"" to music. A re-interpretation of the ""Face Value"" track ""You Know What I Mean"" – a song especially close to her heart, both musically and lyrically – was also included. The song ""Here We'll Stay"" had previously been recorded and performed by singer Sonia Jones for the UK pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 1980. On the album, it was recorded as a duet with Phil Collins, although he wasn't credited. When it was decided to release the song as a single

"This Should Go On Forever"
This Should Go On Forever ""This Should Go On Forever"" is a popular song of the south Louisiana rock and roll genre known as swamp pop. King Karl (real name Bernard Jolivette), a black Creole swamp pop musician, composed the song around 1958. (Producer J. D. ""Jay"" Miller is listed as a co-writer even though he did not actually help to compose the tune.) Karl intended to record the song for the Excello label of Nashville, for which he, his band mate Guitar Gable (Gabriel Perrodin), and their band the Musical Kings had recorded other swamp pop compositions. Excello did

"On and On and On"
On and On and On ""On and On and On"" is a pop song recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA in 1980 for their seventh studio album, ""Super Trouper"". It was released as a single in a limited number of countries. The track, which had working titles ""Esses vad det svänger när man spelar jazz"" (roughly translated as ""God Almighty How it Swings When You're Playing Jazz"") and ""'Til the Night is Gone"", was released as a single in a few countries, namely Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, Japan and the United States. The B-side in Australia and Japan was ""The

"On and On (Jack Johnson album)"
On and On (Jack Johnson album) On and On is the second studio album by Jack Johnson, who provided the vocals and guitars. It was released in 2003 on Universal Records. Adam Topol played drums and percussion while Merlo Podlewski played bass guitar. The album was recorded at The Mango Tree studios in Hawaii. A different version of the track ""Rodeo Clowns"" was originally published as a collaboration with G. Love & Special Sauce on the latter's 1999 album ""Philadelphonic"". Johnson sang the chorus of his song ""Gone"" on the Black Eyed Peas' song ""Gone Going (Featuring Jack Johnson)"", which

"Hurricane Irma"
UTC that day as it entered southern Georgia, while acquiring some extratropical characteristics. At 06:00 UTC on September 12, Irma degenerated to a remnant low just as it entered Alabama, as most of the deep convection had diminished. The remnants persisted for another day or so before dissipating over Missouri on September 13. Given that Irma's forecast track was along much of the Caribbean island chain, hurricane warnings were issued for the northern Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, and parts of Hispaniola on September 5. On September 4, Puerto Rico declared a state of emergency. By September 6, the U.S. Federal

surface temperatures and low wind shear, strengthening was anticipated, with the only hindrance being slightly cooler waters and drier air. The nascent storm began developing upper-level poleward outflow, as an anticyclone became established over the system, with banding features becoming increasingly evident in satellite images. Early on August 31, shortly after the development of a central dense overcast (CDO) and an eye feature, Irma underwent rapid intensification, becoming a Category 2 hurricane at 18:00 UTC and then a Category 3 hurricane, becoming a major hurricane – around 00:00 UTC on September 1. In a 48-hour period, the hurricane's intensity had

in Cuba. Although land interaction weakened Irma to a Category 2 storm, the system re-intensified to Category 4 status as it crossed the warm waters of the Straits of Florida, before making landfall on Cudjoe Key with winds at 130 mph, (215 km/h) on September 10. Irma weakened to Category 3 status, prior to another landfall in Florida on Marco Island later that day. The system degraded into a remnant low over Alabama and ultimately dissipated on September 13 over Missouri. The storm caused catastrophic damage in Barbuda, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Anguilla, and the Virgin Islands as a Category

the next several days, due to a series of eyewall replacement cycles. On September 4, Irma resumed intensifying, becoming a Category 5 hurricane by early on the next day, and acquiring annular characteristics. On September 6, Irma peaked with 180 mph (285 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of , making it the second most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, behind only Hurricane Maria, and the strongest worldwide in 2017, in terms of wind speed. Another eyewall replacement cycle caused Irma to weaken back to a Category 4 hurricane, but the storm re-attained Category 5 status before making landfall

at 57.7°W, it became the easternmost Atlantic hurricane of this strength on record, surpassing Hurricane David of 1979. By 00:15 UTC on September 6, Irma reached peak intensity with () winds and a minimum pressure of . This ties it with Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and Hurricane Rita of 2005 as the fifth-strongest Atlantic hurricane by wind speed. Only four other Atlantic hurricanes have been recorded with wind speeds higher than Irma: Hurricane Allen of 1980, which had maximum sustained winds of 190 mph (305 km/h), and the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, Hurricane Gilbert of 1988, and Hurricane Wilma of

storm's pressure bottomed out at – this was the lowest in the Atlantic since Dean in 2007. While maintaining its intensity, Irma made successive landfalls on September 6, at 11:15 UTC on Sint Maarten, and at 16:30 UTC on Virgin Gorda, in the British Virgin Islands, all while it was at peak intensity. As the hurricane moved away from the Virgin Islands late on September 6, observations from reconnaissance flights as well as Doppler radar in San Juan, Puerto Rico, indicated an elliptical eye and double eyewalls. Late on September 6, the cyclone passed about north of Puerto Rico. Moving

had moved inland, it began to accelerate to the north-northwest, while rapid weakening began to occur due to the increasing wind shear, land interaction, and dry air, with the storm falling below Category 3 intensity hours after landfall. Passing east of Tampa as a weakening Category 1 hurricane around 06:00 UTC on September 11, Irma continued to weaken as most of the deep convection became more spread out towards the northern semi-circle of the circulation – though it retained a large wind field, with most of Florida experiencing gale-force winds. The system finally weakened to a tropical storm around 12:00

reached their maximum extent, with a hurricane warning covering the entire east coast of the state, the west coast from Indian Pass southward, and the Florida Keys; a hurricane watch was in place from the Florida–Georgia state line to Edisto Beach, South Carolina; and there were two tropical storm warnings, one in Florida from Indian Pass to the Okaloosa–Walton county line and the other from the Florida–Georgia state line to the South Santee River in South Carolina. Watches and warnings were gradually discontinued as Irma moved inland and weakened, with all of them canceled by early on September 12. On

the northern coast of Cuba, gradual weakening ensued due to land interaction, with the eye becoming cloud-filled and the intensity falling to a high-end Category 2 storm later on September 9. After slowing down late on September 9, the hurricane turned northwestward towards Florida around the southwestern edge of the subtropical high to its northeast and a low-pressure system that was located over the continental United States. Moving over the warm waters of the Straits of Florida, Irma quickly restrengthened to a Category 4 hurricane at 06:00 UTC on September 10, as deep convection improved and the eye becoming better

particularly in the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year, and the first Category 4 hurricane to strike the state since Charley in 2004. Irma developed from a tropical wave near Cape Verde on August 30. Favorable conditions allowed Irma to rapidly intensify into a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson wind scale by late on August 31. However, the storm's intensity fluctuated between Categories 2 and 3 for

"David Akers"
David Akers David Roy Akers (; born December 9, 1974) is a former American football placekicker. He played college football at Louisville, and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 1997. Akers also played for the Carolina Panthers, Washington Redskins, Berlin Thunder, Philadelphia Eagles, San Francisco 49ers, and Detroit Lions. He was selected for the Pro Bowl six times in his career and was at one point tied for the longest field goal in NFL history when he kicked a 63-yard field goal with the San Francisco 49ers. His retirement on October 23, 2017 made

record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013. The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air. Elam kicked his 63-yard field goal at Mile High Stadium, while the 63-yarder by Janikowski and

July 29, 2011. He kicked a 59-yard field goal just before halftime in a preseason game against the New Orleans Saints on August 12, 2011. On September 18, 2011, he kicked a 55-yard field goal against the Dallas Cowboys, setting a record for the longest field goal made at Candlestick Park. Akers broke the 49ers' record for most points scored in a season in a 20–3 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers in a Monday Night Football matchup on December 19, 2011. The record was formerly held by the 49ers' Hall of Fame wide receiver, Jerry Rice. In that same game

a miss during the postseason, previously held by one-time Eagle Gary Anderson. Akers eventually ran his streak to a record 19 consecutive postseason field goal conversions; it was snapped the very next week against the Arizona Cardinals. Akers had a total of thirty-five postseason field goal conversions during his career. Akers was selected to the 2010 Pro Bowl, his fourth. He was also named to the NFL All-Decade Team for the 2000s. After the 2010 season, he was selected to his fifth career Pro Bowl. Akers was signed by the San Francisco 49ers to a $9 million, three-year contract on

"Van Tiffin"
Van Tiffin Van Leigh Tiffin (born September 6, 1965) is a former American football placekicker. Van Leigh Tiffin was born in Tupelo, Mississippi. He lived in Red Bay, Alabama, and attended Red Bay High School, attracting notice for his football ability. Tiffin attended the University of Alabama where he was the Alabama Crimson Tide's primary placekicker from 1983-1986. He holds the school record for longest converted field goal, with a successful 57-yard attempt against Texas A&M in 1985. He held the school record for converting 135 extra point attempts until his son, Leigh Tiffin, broke it in 2009 by one;

to make two extra points and then kick the game-winning 28-yard field goal before collapsing in pain as his teammates mobbed him. He missed the next four games and finished the season 16 for 22. In 2006, Akers was injury-free, but made only 18 of 23 attempts (78.3%), his second worst season statistically. On December 16, 2007, in a 10–6 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Akers set the Philadelphia Eagles franchise record for most points and on Thanksgiving in 2008, Akers passed 1,000 career points during a 48–20 win over the Arizona Cardinals. On December 7, 2008, Akers kicked a

him the last Eagle from the Super Bowl XXXIX team to retire from the NFL. Akers attended Tates Creek High School in Lexington, Kentucky. Akers attended college at the University of Louisville and played for the Louisville Cardinals football team. During his four-year college career, Akers kicked a school-record 36 field goals (with a long of 51 yards against Texas A&M University), and ranks second on Louisville's all-time scoring list, with 219 points. Between 1997 and 1998, as an undrafted free agent, Akers spent time trying to make the team with the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers. Akers was signed

51-yard field goal at Giants Stadium, his longest of the season. In the same game he had two field goals blocked, one of which was returned for a touchdown. At the end of the 2008 regular season, Akers again set the team single-season scoring record with an NFC-best 144 points. He connected on 33 of 40 field goals (82.5 pct), his best percentage since 2004. On January 11, 2009, Akers kicked three field goals in three attempts during a divisional playoff win over the New York Giants. The second of these set an NFL record for consecutive field goals without

against the Seahawks, Akers broke the all-time record for field goals in a season, surpassing Neil Rackers' 40 in 2005. On January 1, 2012, Akers broke the NFL record for most points by a kicker in a single season against the St. Louis Rams; he finished with 166 points. In this game, he also extended his NFL record for most field goals made in a single season, finishing with 44, and threw for a touchdown on a fake field goal. Akers made his sixth Pro Bowl at the end of the season. On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL

"Russell Erxleben"
Russell Erxleben Russell Erxleben (born January 13, 1957) is a former American football player and currency investor. He shares the record for the longest field goal, 67 yards, in NCAA history (if not college football history), originally set in 1977 while playing for the University of Texas. Erxleben was a three-time All-America punter (1976, 1977, and 1978). He was drafted in the first round of the NFL Draft, an extremely rare occurrence for a kicker. After an NFL career lasting six years, he became a currency investor. Convicted of securities fraud in 1999, he was released from federal prison in

"The Conjuring 2"
titled ""The Nun"", focusing on the ""Demon Nun"" character Valak, was in development with Johnson writing the script. Safran and Wan are producing. Corin Hardy was hired to direct the film, with a screenplay by Wan and Gary Dauberman. It was released on September 7, 2018, with Demián Bichir and Taissa Farmiga cast in the lead roles. Bonnie Aarons will reprise her role in the film, and Charlotte Hope, Jonas Bloquet, and Ingrid Bisu are set to co-star. Filming began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania. On May 31, 2017, Peter Safran said there was a possibility of a Crooked

"The Nun (2018 film)"
auditions for this role and she had some kind of presence outside of her own body that is evident, and she's phenomenal."" Bonnie Aarons was then set to reprise her role as the ""Demon Nun"" character Valak from ""The Conjuring 2"". Charlotte Hope, Jonas Bloquet, and Ingrid Bisu were subsequently announced to star, rounding out the main cast. Principal photography for the film began on May 3, 2017, at Castel Film Studios in Bucharest, Romania, with Maxime Alexandre serving as cinematographer. Film director Corin Hardy had a Roman Catholic priest bless the set prior to filming. Scenes were filmed in

"Scary Movie 2"
The consensus at Rotten Tomatoes calls it ""a sloppy, rushed-out product"". A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party she emerges in her pajamas, insults her mother and the guests, then proceeds to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned.

reported that Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson had signed on to reprise their roles from ""The Conjuring"". This was confirmed in February 2014. On October 21, 2014, it was announced that James Wan would return to direct the sequel, and production would begin in the summer of 2015. In early July 2015, lead actors Farmiga and Wilson visited Lorraine Warren at the New England Paranormal Research Center in Connecticut in preparation for their roles. On July 28, 2015, Wan officially began pre-production for the film. In August 2015, the film was granted $5.6 million in tax credits from the California

Film Commission for bringing the production to the state. On September 13, 2015, Don Burgess was confirmed as the film's director of photography. In September 2015, Frances O'Connor, Simon McBurney, newcomer Lauren Esposito, and Madison Wolfe joined the cast. Franka Potente, Simon Delaney, Maria Doyle Kennedy, and newcomers Patrick McAuley and Benjamin Haigh were also reported to have been cast in late September 2015. In November 2015, it was announced that Abhi Sinha had joined the cast of the film. On December 1, 2015, it was confirmed that Sterling Jerins would reprise her role as the Warrens' daughter Judy. Principal

cover: ""I do know where potentially, if ""The Nun"" works out, where ""The Nun 2"" could lead to and how that ties back to Lorraine's story that we've set up with the first two ""Conjuring""s and make it all come full circle."" The Nun (2018 film) The Nun is a 2018 American gothic supernatural horror film directed by Corin Hardy and written by Gary Dauberman, from a story by Dauberman and James Wan. A spin-off of 2016's ""The Conjuring 2"", and the fifth installment in The Conjuring Universe, the film stars Demián Bichir, Taissa Farmiga and Jonas Bloquet. The plot

"Bonnie Aarons"
Bonnie Aarons Bonnie Aarons (born June 3, 1979 in Los Angeles) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles as the bum in ""Mulholland Drive"" (2001), Baroness Joy von Troken in ""The Princess Diaries"" (2001) and its sequel, """" (2004), and the demon nun known as Valak in ""The Conjuring 2"" (2016) and its subsequent spinoff, ""The Nun"" (2018). She will appear in the 2018 movie ""Adi Shankar's Gods and Secrets"". Aarons attended acting school in New York City, but was frequently told that she would not have an acting career, due to her look

The Conjuring 2 The Conjuring 2 (also known as The Conjuring 2: The Enfield Case) is a 2016 American supernatural horror film, directed by James Wan. The screenplay is by Chad Hayes, Carey W. Hayes, Wan, and David Leslie Johnson. It is the sequel to 2013's ""The Conjuring"", the second installment in ""The Conjuring"" series, and the third installment in The Conjuring Universe franchise. Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga reprise their roles as paranormal investigators and authors Ed and Lorraine Warren from the first film. The film follows the Warrens as they travel to Britain to assist the Hodgson family,

The Nun (2018 film) The Nun is a 2018 American gothic supernatural horror film directed by Corin Hardy and written by Gary Dauberman, from a story by Dauberman and James Wan. A spin-off of 2016's ""The Conjuring 2"", and the fifth installment in The Conjuring Universe, the film stars Demián Bichir, Taissa Farmiga and Jonas Bloquet. The plot follows a Roman Catholic priest and a nun in her novitiate as they uncover an unholy secret in 1952 Romania. Principal photography began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania, and during filming, the set was blessed by a Roman Catholic clergyman. ""The

rhymes ""This Old Man"" and ""There Was a Crooked Man"" are also featured. Composer Mark Isham's family themes from the first film, ""Photograph"" and ""Happy Family"", were also used in ""The Conjuring 2"". In December 2015, ""Entertainment Weekly"" released the first image from the film, introducing the character portrayed by Madison Wolfe. On January 6, 2016, James Wan posted a teaser clip to his social media accounts revealing that the first official trailer would debut the following day. Also on January 6, Yahoo! Movies exclusively released two stills from the film, featuring Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson. On March 26,

"Attack on Titan"
of the first season was aired from January 9, 2016 on NHK's BS Premium channel. The compilation films were also broadcast in January 2017 on MBS. A second season of the anime series was announced on the opening day of the first theatrical film, which was originally set to be released in 2016. It was then confirmed in the January 2017 issue of the ""Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine"" that the second season would premiere in April 2017. Masashi Koizuka directed the second season, with Araki acting as chief director. It has also been licensed by Funimation. It ran for 12 episodes.

Funimation, Crunchyroll, and the former's VRV channel at 10:30 AM EST. That same day, it was also announced that the second season of ""Attack on Titan"" would premiere on Toonami on April 29. It was subsequently announced on April 3 that the second season would premiere one week earlier, on April 22 instead. Following the broadcast of the second season's last episode, a third season was announced. It was premiered on NHK General TV in July 2018; however, it will not be broadcast on MBS and other UHF channels. A three part OVA of """" was released in 2017 and

2018 with the limited editions of volumes 24, 25, and 26. A third compilation film was announced alongside the release date of the anime series' third season at the """"Shingeki no Kyojin"" Reading & Live Event Orchestra ""Attack Oto Taikan 2"""" event, titled . The film recapped the events of the anime series' second season and was released on January 13, 2018. A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018. Funimation announced that they would air the worldwide premiere of the first episode at Anime Expo on July 8, 2018. They also announced that the first

series, released on December 9, 2014 and April 9, 2015, respectively. The anime previously aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block. In Australia, the anime aired on SBS 2 on Tuesdays, in Japanese with English subtitles, with the first episode having aired on September 30. The anime was compiled into two animated theatrical films with new voice acting from the same cast. The first film covers the first 13 episodes and was released on November 22, 2014, while the second film adapts the remaining episodes and adds new opening and ending footage. It was released on June 27, 2015. A rebroadcast

episode would air in theaters in the US and Canada alongside ""Attack on Titan: Roar of Awakening"" on July 10, 2018. The series premiered in Japan on July 23, 2018. In the first season, for the first thirteen episodes, the opening theme is by Linked Horizon, and the ending theme is by Yōko Hikasa. For episodes 14–25, the opening theme is by Linked Horizon, and the ending theme is ""great escape"" by Cinema Staff. Both ""Guren no Yumiya"" and ""Jiyū no Tsubasa"" were released as part of the single ""Jiyū e no Shingeki"" on July 10, 2013. The series' soundtrack

North American home video in 2014. The first season was acquired for distribution in the UK by Manga Entertainment, with subsequent seasons handled by Sony Pictures UK. Madman Entertainment acquired the show for distribution in Australia and New Zealand. The final episode was also aired in Japanese theaters. The anime had some production issues with needing more animators with Wit Studios' character designer, Kyoji Asano tweeting and looking for active animators to work on the anime. An OVA version of the ""Ilse's Notebook"" special chapter from ""tankōbon"" volume 5 was originally scheduled to be released on August 9, 2013, bundled

"Attack on Titan (film)"
were dropped due to the film's setting having been changed from Germany to Japan. The film was announced on October 2011, with a planned release date in 2013 and in December of the same year it was announced that it would be a live action film and that Tetsuya Nakashima would direct. On December 2012 it was announced that Nakashima had left as director because of creative differences. On December 2013, Shinji Higuchi was revealed as the new director and Yuusuke Watanabe as the screenwriter. Principal photography was expected to start in 2014 and the film was now expected to

"Attack on Titan 2"
Attack on Titan 2 , known in PAL regions as A.O.T. 2, is an action hack and slash video game based on Hajime Isayama's manga series of the same name released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows.sans The game covers the plot of first two seasons of ""Attack on Titan"" anime, allowing the player to create an original player character and interact with the characters of the manga. The game features cell-shaded graphics and features the player defeating the titans in large, open areas. Key new features over the first title include a

and Blu-ray release in the United States, which included English dubs of both films, Part 1 was released on October 4, 2016 and Part 2 released on December 6, 2016. A teaser trailer was released in March 2015 and a trailer was released in April. Another trailer was released in June, which revealed that the film will be given an IMAX release in Japan and internationally. ""Part I"" was number-one on its opening weekend, with . It was the seventh highest-grossing Japanese made film at the Japanese box office in 2015, with (). and the 17th highest-grossing film at the

as director. According to film distributor Toho, Nakashima had considerable creative differences on the scriptwriting and other matters. In December 2013, Shinji Higuchi was revealed to be directing, and would also be responsible with the special effects. Writer Yūsuke Watanabe and critic/subculture expert Tomohiro Machiyama were announced to be scripting the movie with series creator Isayama. In July 2014, it was revealed that two films will be released in the summer of 2015. It was also revealed that some major characters would be cut from the line up, most noticeably Levi Ackerman and Erwin Smith. A teaser trailer for the

"Cone cell"
Cone cell Cone cells, or cones, are one of 3 types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye). They are responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea centralis, a 0.3 mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones which quickly reduce in number towards the periphery of the retina. There are about six to seven million cones in a human eye and are most concentrated towards the macula. The

white or have white spots. A white glow in the eye is often seen in photographs taken with a flash, instead of the typical ""red eye"" from the flash, and the pupil may appear white or distorted. Other symptoms can include crossed eyes, double vision, eyes that do not align, eye pain and redness, poor vision or differing iris colors in each eye. If the cancer has spread, bone pain and other symptoms may occur. Cone cell Cone cells, or cones, are one of 3 types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye). They

commonly cited figure of six million cone cells in the human eye was found by Osterberg in 1935. Oyster's textbook (1999) cites work by Curcio et al. (1990) indicating an average close to 4.5 million cone cells and 90 million rod cells in the human retina. Cones are less sensitive to light than the rod cells in the retina (which support vision at low light levels), but allow the perception of color. They are also able to perceive finer detail and more rapid changes in images, because their response times to stimuli are faster than those of rods. Cones are

Foveola
Foveola The foveola is located within a region called the macula, a yellowish, cone photo receptor filled portion of the human retina. The foveola is approximately 0.35 mm in diameter and lies in the center of the fovea and contains only cone cells, and a cone-shaped zone of Müller cells. In this region the cone receptors are found to be longer, slimmer and more densely packed than anywhere else in the retina, thus allowing that region to have the potential to have the highest visual acuity in the eye. The centre of the foveola is sometimes referred to as the

"Fovea centralis"
Fovea centralis The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina. The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities where visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. The fovea is surrounded by the ""parafovea"" belt, and the ""perifovea"" outer region. The parafovea is the intermediate belt, where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells, as well as the highest

and outer segments are connected by a cilium. The inner segment contains organelles and the cell's nucleus, while the outer segment, which is pointed toward the back of the eye, contains the light-absorbing materials. Unlike rods, the outer segments of cones have invaginations of their cell membranes that create stacks of membranous disks. Photopigments exist as transmembrane proteins within these disks, which provide more surface area for light to affect the pigments. In cones, these disks are attached to the outer membrane, whereas they are pinched off and exist separately in rods. Neither rods nor cones divide, but their membranous

report the ability to see into the ultraviolet range. At moderate to bright light levels where the cones function, the eye is more sensitive to yellowish-green light than other colors because this stimulates the two most common (M and L) of the three kinds of cones almost equally. At lower light levels, where only the rod cells function, the sensitivity is greatest at a blueish-green wavelength. Cones also tend to possess a significantly elevated visual acuity because each cone cell has a lone connection to the optic nerve, therefore, the cones have an easier time telling that two stimuli are

only in simian primates. The retinal fovea takes slightly different forms in different types of animals. For example, in primates, cone photoreceptors line the base of the foveal pit, the cells that elsewhere in the retina form more superficial layers having been displaced away from the foveal region during late fetal and early postnatal life. Other foveae may show only a reduced thickness in the inner cell layers, rather than an almost complete absence. Many species of birds have a double fovea. Fovea centralis The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye.

L cones are stimulated slightly more than the M cones, and the color red is perceived when the L cones are stimulated significantly more than the M cones. Similarly, blue and violet hues are perceived when the S receptor is stimulated more. Cones are most sensitive to light at wavelengths around 420 nm. However, the lens and cornea of the human eye are increasingly absorptive to shorter wavelengths, and this sets the short wavelength limit of human-visible light to approximately 380 nm, which is therefore called 'ultraviolet' light. People with aphakia, a condition where the eye lacks a lens, sometimes

Retina
entire retina contains about 7 million cones and 75 to 150 million rods. The optic disc, a part of the retina sometimes called ""the blind spot"" because it lacks photoreceptors, is located at the optic papilla, where the optic-nerve fibres leave the eye. It appears as an oval white area of 3 mm². Temporal (in the direction of the temples) to this disc is the macula, at whose centre is the fovea, a pit that is responsible for our sharp central vision but is actually less sensitive to light because of its lack of rods. Human and non-human primates possess

"Lion's mane jellyfish"
one. Two distinct taxa, however, occur together in at least the eastern North Atlantic, with the blue jellyfish (""Cyanea lamarckii"" Péron & Lesueur, 1810) differing in color (blue, not red) and smaller size (10–20 cm diameter, rarely 35 cm). Populations in the western Pacific around Japan are sometimes distinguished as ""Cyanea nozakii"", or as a subspecies, ""C. c. nozakii"". In 2015, Russian researchers announced a possible sister species, ""Cyanea tzetlinii"" found in the White Sea, but this has not yet been recognized by other authoritative databases such as WoRMS or ITIS. Lion's mane jellyfish (""Cyanea capillata"") are named for their

Lion's mane jellyfish The lion's mane jellyfish, also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea, and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift into the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia

lion's mane jellyfish. This was later corrected – in 1864, a bootlace worm (""Lineus longissimus"") was found washed up on a Scottish shore that was long. (""That"" claim has its critics: because bootlace worms can easily stretch to several times their natural length, it is possible the worm did not actually grow to be that length.) Lion's mane jellyfish The lion's mane jellyfish, also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common

and New Zealand. The largest recorded specimen, found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870, had a bell with a diameter of and tentacles long. Lion's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42°N latitude for some time in the larger bays of the east coast of the United States. The lion's mane jellyfish uses its stinging tentacles to capture, pull in, and eat prey such as fish, sea creatures, and smaller jellyfish. The taxonomy of the ""Cyanea"" species is not fully agreed upon; some zoologists have suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as

shore. Like other jellyfish, lion's manes are capable of both sexual reproduction in the medusa stage and asexual reproduction in the polyp stage. Lion's mane jellyfish have four different stages in their year-long lifespan: a larval stage, a polyp stage, an ephyrae stage, and the medusa stage. The female jellyfish carries its fertilized eggs in its tentacle, where the eggs grow into larva. When the larva are old enough, the female deposits them on a hard surface, where the larva soon grow into polyps. The polyps begin to reproduce asexually, creating stacks of small creatures called ephyrae. The individual ephyrae

blue whale – has earned it the status of one of the longest known animals in the world. As coldwater species, these jellyfish cannot cope with warmer waters. The jellyfish are pelagic for most of their lives but tend to settle in shallow, sheltered bays towards the end of their one-year lifespan. In the open ocean, lion's mane jellyfish act as floating oases for certain species, such as shrimp, medusafish, butterfish, harvestfish, and juvenile prowfish, providing both a reliable source of food and protection from predators . Predators of the lion's mane jellyfish include seabirds, larger fish such as ocean

sunfish, other jellyfish species, and sea turtles. The leatherback sea turtle feeds almost exclusively on them in large quantities during the summer season around Eastern Canada. The jellyfish themselves feed mostly on zooplankton, small fish, ctenophores, and moon jellies. Lion's mane jellyfish remain mostly very near the surface, at no more than 20 m depth. Their slow pulsations drive them forwards weakly, so they depend on ocean currents to travel great distances. The jellyfish are most often spotted during the late summer and autumn, when they have grown to a large size and the currents begin to sweep them to

The player(s) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award. No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league's lockout. , the most recent recipient is Los Angeles Lakers forward LeBron James. Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thomas, Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Allen Iverson, and Russell Westbrook have all won the award

"Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award"
choosing between two cars. , NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared

by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back-to-back years in the 86-year history of the MLB All-Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both

twice. James' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years, 1 month. Kyrie Irving, winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP, is the second-youngest at 21 years, 10 months. They are notable as being the two youngest to win the award, both as Cleveland Cavaliers. Four of the games had joint winners—Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959, John Stockton and Malone in 1993, O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000, and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009. O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP

awards as well as the first player to win the award with multiple teams. The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight. Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States. Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens, but are considered ""international"" players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington, D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two, and Duncan played

"NBA All-Star Game"
Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, OutKast, Alicia Keys, Shakira, Rihanna, Nicki Minaj, Kendrick Lamar, Christina Aguilera, Pharrell Williams, Migos, and John Legend. This is a list of each All-Star Game, the venue at which it was played, and the Game MVP. Parenthesized numbers indicate multiple times that venue, city, or player has occurred as of that instance (e.g. ""Michael Jordan (2)"" in 1996 indicates that was his second All-Star MVP award). , the Eastern Conference leads with a record of 38 wins and 29 losses. Note: Stadium names are named based on the name at the day of the All-Star Game. The

Macauley (1951), Cousy (1957), Pettit (1958, 1962), Chamberlain (1960), Adrian Smith (1966), Rick Barry (1967), Jerry West (1972), Tom Chambers (1987), Jordan (1988), Karl Malone (1993), John Stockton (1993), O'Neal (2004, 2009), Bryant (2011) and Davis (2017); Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games (18) without winning the All-Star Game MVP, while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game. NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given

2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All-Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All-Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J. D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman. Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award which is presented to the most outstanding player in each year's MLB All-Star Game. Awarded each season since 1962

pyrotechnics. Special uniforms are designed for the game each year, usually red for the Western Conference and blue for the Eastern Conference, but the 1997–2002 games allowed players the opportunity to wear their respective team uniforms, and until 2009 and from 2015 to the present, the host conference wore light uniforms. Originally players from the same team who share a number have the option to either keep or change numbers (e.g. Patrick Ewing trading his familiar #33 for #3 because of Larry Bird wearing the same number), but since 1997 players from the same team can keep their customary uniform

"TekWar (TV series)"
TekWar (TV series) TekWar is a North American television series, based on the ""TekWar"" novels ghost-written by Ron Goulart from outlines by William Shatner and developed for television by Stephen Roloff. The series follows Jake Cardigan, a former police officer turned private investigator working for Cosmos, a private security firm owned and operated by Walter Bascom. The series was broadcast in Canada on CTV and in the United States on USA Network and the Sci Fi Channel. The series, which was a co-production between Atlantis Films and Universal Television premiered on January 17, 1994 and ended on February 9, 1996.

"Monk (TV series)"
Monk (TV series) Monk is an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the title character, Adrian Monk. It originally ran from 2002 to 2009 and is primarily a police procedural series, but also exhibits comic and dramatic tones in its exploration of the main characters' personal lives. The series was produced by Mandeville Films and Touchstone Television in association with Universal Television. The series debuted on July 12, 2002, on USA Network. It continued for eight seasons, with the final season concluding on December 4, 2009. The series held the record

early, Jake agrees to meet him. At the meeting Jake agrees to work for Bascom as a private investigator going after Tek Lords, in return for Bascom's help in clearing his name. ""Tekwar"" began as a series of four television films which originally aired from January 17, 1994 to May 9, 1994. These are often referred to as the show's ""first season"" by fans and in episode guides despite not technically being a proper season. The series proper, or the ""second season"" if counting the movies as a season, consists of 18 hour-long episodes which originally aired between December 22,

"Follow the Leader (Korn album)"
the Leader"" also received a gold certification in the Netherlands. The album's first charting single, ""Got the Life"", released on July 24, 1998, peaked at number fifteen on the Mainstream Rock Songs chart, and received a gold certification in Australia. The album's next charting single, ""Freak on a Leash"", released in February 1999, peaked at number six on the Alternative Songs chart, as well as number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100, and like ""Got the Life"", received a gold certification in Australia. ""Freak on a Leash"" was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards, and won for the

Follow the Leader (Korn album) Follow the Leader is the third studio album by the American nu metal band Korn. The album was released on August 18, 1998, through Immortal/Epic. This was their first album not produced by Ross Robinson. Instead, it was produced by Steve Thompson and Toby Wright. The album peaked at number one on four charts, including the ""Billboard"" 200 with 268,000 units sold in its first week of release, ""Follow the Leader"" is considered by members of Korn to be the band's most commercially–successful album, being certified five-times Platinum by the RIAA. Its singles ""Got the

"A Man Called Hawk"
A Man Called Hawk A Man Called Hawk is an American action drama series that ran on ABC from January 1989 until May 13, 1989. The series is a spin-off of the crime drama series """", and features the character Hawk, who first appeared in the 1976 novel ""Promised Land"", the fourth in the series of Spenser novels by mystery writer Robert B. Parker. Avery Brooks reprised the role of Hawk in four subsequent TV movies: ""Spenser: Ceremony"" (1993), ""Spenser: Pale Kings and Princes"" (1994), ""Spenser: The Judas Goat"" (1994), and ""Spenser: A Savage Place"" (1995). Each is considered a

TekWar
TekWar TekWar is a series of science fiction novels created by Canadian actor William Shatner and ghost-written by American writer Ron Goulart, published by Putnam. The novels gave rise to a comic book series, video game, and later television movies and a series, both of the latter featuring Shatner. The 22nd century universe is centered on ""tek""—an illegal, addictive, mind-altering digital drug in the form of a microchip. The drug has the effect of simulated reality (as shown in the films and series), and taps into ""the matrix"" hyperspace. The protagonist, Jake Cardigan, is a former police officer who is

"TekWar (novel)"
TekWar (novel) TekWar is a science fiction novel written by William Shatner and (uncredited) science fiction author Ron Goulart. It was first published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in October 1989. ""TekWar"" is the first of nine novels, which spawned a comic book and television series, a video game, and a TV movie. ""TekWar"" is set in the 22nd century and follows Jake Cardigan, a former police officer who is framed for dealing ""tek"", an illegal, mind-altering, digital drug. Sentenced to fifteen years' cryo-imprisonment, he is released after serving only four. Jake goes to work for Walt Bascom, the man

"Star Trek: Chains of Betrayal"
2009. The United States premiere occurred at the 2009 Wrath of Khan science-fiction convention and film festival in Panama City Beach, Florida. The film premiered in Edmonton, Alberta at Leva Cafe on December 22, 2010. Additional screenings were held in Atlanta, Georgia in 2013 as part of the TrexTrax film festival and in Courtenay, British Columbia for Johnsonfest. The film is non-profit in nature and was meant as a tribute. After the sudden disappearance of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Commander William Riker must take command of the ""Enterprise-D"", and guide his crew through a treacherous web of lies and betrayal. Due

Q-Squared
was originally created by A. A. Milne and is perhaps best known through the films, television series, and merchandise produced by Disney. In the universe of Track A, the bartender in Ten-Forward is named Caryn Johnson, replacing the usual character Guinan. In real life, Caryn Johnson is the birth name of Whoopi Goldberg, who played Guinan on ""Star Trek: The Next Generation"". Q-Squared Q-Squared (full title "" – Q-Squared"") is a non-canon ""Star Trek"" novel by Peter David. It spent two weeks on the New York Times bestseller list in 1994. ""Q-Squared"" was released in July 1994 as one in

"Battle of Badr"
Battle of Badr The Battle of Badr (), fought on Tuesday, 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH in the Islamic calendar) in the Hejaz region of western Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia), was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca. The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory attributable to divine intervention, or by secular sources to the strategic genius of Muhammad. It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Quran. All knowledge of

the battle at Badr comes from traditional Islamic accounts, both hadiths and biographies of Muhammad, recorded in written form some time after the battle. There is little evidence outside of these of the battle. There are no descriptions of the battle prior to the 9th century. Prior to the battle, the Muslims and the Meccans had fought several smaller skirmishes in late 623 and early 624. Badr, however, was the first large-scale engagement between the two forces. Advancing to a strong defensive position, Muhammad's well-disciplined force broke the Meccan lines, killing several important Quraishi leaders including the Muslims' chief antagonist

eight men to Nakhlah, on the outskirts of Mecca, led by Abdullah bin Jahsh to obtain intelligence on the Quraysh. However, Abdullah bin Jash and his party disguised as Pilgrims with shaved heads, upon being discovered by a Meccan caravan, decided to attack and kill as many of the caravan as possible, resulting in killing one of its men, Amr bin Al-Hadrami, the seizing of its goods and taking two as prisoners. The situation was all the more serious since the killing occurred in the month of Rajab, a truce month sacred to the Meccans in which fighting was prohibited

22 Meccans, while the rest of the Muslims combined killed 27 Meccans. Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 CE into the Quraish tribe. After Muhammad's revelation from Gabriel in 610 until his proclamation of monotheism to the Quraysh, Islam was practiced primarily in secret. The Quraiysh, who traditionally accepted religious practices other than their own, became increasingly more intolerant of the Muslims during the thirteen years of personal attacks against their (the Meccans) religions and gods. In fear for their religion and economic viability, which heavily relied on annual pilgrimages, the Meccans began to mock and disrupt Muhammad's followers.

Abu Jahl. For the early Muslims the battle was the first sign that they might eventually defeat their enemies among the Meccans. Mecca at that time was one of the richest and most powerful cities in Arabia, fielding an army three times larger than that of the Muslims. The Muslim victory also signaled to the other tribes that a new power had arisen in Arabia and strengthened Muhammad's position as leader of the often fractious community in Medina. The battle also established the position of Ali ibn Abi Talib as the best fighter among the Muslims, as he alone killed

Kargil War. Iranian offensive operations against Iraq in the late 1980s were also named after Badr. During the 2011 Libyan civil war, the rebel leadership stated that they selected the date of the assault on Tripoli to be the 20th of Ramadan, marking the anniversary of the Battle of Badr. The Battle of Badr was featured in the 1976 film ""The Message"", the 2004 animated movie """", and the 2012 TV series ""Omar"". Battle of Badr The Battle of Badr (), fought on Tuesday, 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH in the Islamic calendar) in the Hejaz region

him seeing ""the camels of [Medina] laden with certain death""). This further demoralized the Quraish, as Arab battles were traditionally low-casualty affairs, and set off another round of bickering among the Quraishi leadership. However, according to Arab traditions Amr ibn Hishām quashed the remaining dissent by appealing to the Quraishi's sense of honor and demanding that they fulfill their blood vengeance. The battle began with champions from both armies emerging to engage in combat. Three of the Medinan Ansar emerged from the Muslim ranks, only to be shouted back by the Meccans, who were nervous about starting any unnecessary feuds

and only wanted to fight the Quraishi Muslims, keeping the dispute within clan. So Hamza approached forward and called on Ubayda and Ali to join him. The Muslims dispatched the Meccan champions in a three-on-three melee. The first fight was between Ali and Walid ibn Utba; Ali killed his opponent. After the fight between Ali and Walid, Hamza fought Utba ibn Rabi'ah, and Ubayda fought Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah. Hamza killed Utba; however, Ubayda was mortally wounded by Shaybah. Ali (and, according to some sources, Hamza as well) killed Shaybah. Ali and Hamza then carried Ubayda back into the Muslim lines,

Secondly, to dispatch small groups to obtain intelligence on the Quraish and their allies and also provide, thereby, an opportunity for those Muslims still living in Mecca to leave with them. Thirdly, to intercept the trade caravans of the Meccans that passed close to Medina and to obstruct their trade route. In September 623, Muhammad himself led a force of 200 in an unsuccessful raid against a large caravan. Shortly thereafter, the Meccans launched their own raid against Medina led by Kurz bin Jabir and fled with livestock belonging to the Muslims. In January 624, Muhammad dispatched a group of

hearing the names of all the Quraishi nobles accompanying the army, Muhammad exclaimed ""Mecca hath thrown unto you the best morsels of her liver."" The next day Muhammad ordered a forced march to Badr and arrived before the Meccans. The Badr wells were located on the gentle slope of the eastern side of a valley called ""Yalyal"". The western side of the valley was hemmed in by a large hill called 'Aqanqal. When the Muslim army arrived from the east, Muhammad initially chose to form his army at the first well he encountered. Hubab ibn al-Mundhir, however, asked him if

"Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd"
Shirley). At the tavern, the notorious Captain Kidd (Charles Laughton) is dining with Captain Anne Bonney (Hillary Brooke), a female pirate. She accuses Kidd of raiding ships in her territory and is asking for restitution. Kidd informs Bonney that he has hidden the amassed treasure on Skull Island, and that only he has the map to its exact location. He agrees to take her, with her ship in tow, to the island so that she can receive her share. During the discussion, Oliver happens to be waiting on them, and inadvertently switches the map for the love note that he

"Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff"
left it in his room. He is left in the hole, but is eventually rescued by the two police officers. Back at the hotel, everyone has gathered together and Sgt. Stone returns with some muddy shoes that belong to Melton (Alan Mowbray), the hotel manager, which proves that he was the one in the caverns with Freddie. His motive for the murder was that he, Relia and Millford, Strickland's secretary, were blackmailing the owner, Mr. Crandell. What the blackmail was for is never explained. When Strickland found out he came to investigate, so Melton killed him. Millford then sent down

"Abbott and Costello Go to Mars"
which are actually costumed celebrants, and conclude that they have successfully landed on Mars. Meanwhile, two escaped convicts, Harry the Horse (Jack Kruschen) and Mugsy (Horace McMahon), enter the rocketship, put on the available spacesuits, and head to New Orleans to rob a bank. Lester and Orville, also clad in spacesuits, are wrongly accused of the crime and rush back to the rocketship, where Mugsy and Harry force them to launch into outer space. After landing on Venus, the four men are quickly captured by female guards and brought to Queen Allura (Mari Blanchard), who informs him that Venus is

"Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops"
man, Joe Gorman (Fred Clark), who immediately leaves town with his girlfriend, Leota Van Cleef (Lynn Bari). The couple heads to Hollywood where he poses as a European director, Sergei Toumanoff, who plans to make a film starring Leota. Meanwhile, Harry and Willie pursue Gorman across the country in hopes of getting their money back after learning that the deed they purchased is worthless. They hop off a freight train near Los Angeles and stumble onto the set of the western film that Toumanoff happens to be directing. He is furious with the interruption, but the head of the movie

"Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion"
the consequences. The two men follow Abdullah to Algeria in hopes of bringing him back. Meanwhile, Abdullah's cousin, Sheik Hamud El Khalid (Douglass Dumbrille) and a crooked Foreign Legionnaire, Sgt. Axmann (Walter Slezak), have been raiding a railroad construction site in order to extort ""protection"" money from the railroad company. When Bud and Lou arrive they are mistaken for company spies, and the Sheik and Axmann attempt to murder them. As each attempt fails, the assassins' hatred for Bud and Lou intensifies, especially when Lou outbids the Sheik for six slave girls, one of whom, Nicole (Patricia Medina), is actually

and the secretary Gregory Millford are found in Freddie's closet, and he and Casey try to move them and hide them. The former clients gather for a meeting and decide that they must conceal their pasts and that Freddie must take the blame for the three murders. They trick Freddie into signing a confession, and then want him dead. Angela tries to seduce him, but the police stop her when they fear she's poisoned the champagne, then the Swami attempts to hypnotize him into committing suicide but his stupidity saves him. Freddie and the two police officers, in an attempt

"Abbott and Costello in Hollywood"
quickly switch careers and become Parker's agents, and head to the studio's chief, Mr. Kavanaugh (Donald MacBride), to find a role for Parker. Unfortunately, when they meet up with Kavanaugh it's because they just crashed their car into his at the studio gate. Kavanaugh bans them from the lot, but they manage to sneak back in with a group of extras. Once inside they find themselves at the wardrobe department and Buzz gets dressed as a cop and Abercrombie as a tramp. They use their newfound disguises to roam the lot. Later, Buzz and Abercrombie try to help Parker get

"Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man"
arguing that the serum is still unstable, recalling that the formula's discoverer, John Griffin, was driven insane by the formula and did not become visible again until after he was killed. However, as the police arrive Tommy injects himself with it and successfully becomes invisible. Detective Roberts (William Frawley) questions Dr. Gray and Helen while Bud and Lou search for Tommy. Helen and Tommy convince Bud and Lou to help them seek the real killer, after Tommy explains that the motive for the murder occurred after he refused to ""throw"" a fight, knocking his opponent, Rocky Hanlon (John Day), out

first and middle names. The special effects, which depicted invisibility and other optical illusions, were created by Stanley Horsley, son of cinema pioneer David Horsley. He also did the special effects for ""The Invisible Man Returns"", ""The Invisible Woman"" and ""Invisible Agent"". As a reference to the first ""Invisible Man"" film, a photo of the serum's inventor, Dr. John Griffin which is actually a picture of Claude Rains, who played the role in Universal's first ""Invisible Man"" film in 1933. When asked by a reporter whom he has fought in the past, Lou answers, ""Chuck Lamont, Bud Grant."" The film's

visibly annoyed Toumanoff to direct them in a film. (Snavely is aware that Toumanoff is actually Gorman, and has arranged for everyone that has been swindled to get their money back if Toumanoff agrees, which he does). Gorman and Leota then go about robbing the studio safe of $75,000, but are discovered by Harry and Willie, who give chase. The studio's Keystone Kops are asked by Harry and Willie, who believe they are real policemen, to assist in the chase. The Kops decide to play along, believing that they are on the same work team. The chase progresses onto the

Bender, who worked on the show's sixth season, said that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes. Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said ""It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule."" HBO confirmed on July 18, 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Later it was confirmed that the season would debut on July 16. The seventh

Drama Series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 7. They are listed by the region in which they first appear. Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as showrunners for the seventh season. The directors for the seventh season are Jeremy Podeswa (episodes 1 and 7), Mark Mylod (episodes 2 and 3), Matt Shakman (episodes 4 and 5) and Alan Taylor (episode 6). This marks Taylor's return to the series after an absence since the second season. Shakman is a first-time ""Game of Thrones"" director, with the rest each

"Game of Thrones"
content. In April 2016, the showrunners' plan was to shoot 13 more episodes after the sixth season: seven episodes in the seventh season and six episodes in the eighth. Later that month, the series was renewed for a seventh season with a seven-episode order. Eight seasons were ordered and filmed, adapting the novels at a rate of about 48 seconds per page for the first three seasons. The first two seasons adapted one novel each. For the later seasons, its creators see ""Game of Thrones"" as an adaptation of ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" as a whole rather than

season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes. The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes – around 16 minutes longer than an average ""Game of Thrones"" episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively. The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth-season finale, ""The Winds of Winter"", which ran for 69 minutes. Ramin Djawadi returned as the composer of the show for the seventh season. On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score

"History of Blake's 7"
It is likely that this report influenced the decision to kill Gan. Terry Nation was commissioned to write five episodes for Series Two: episode one, which would resolve the cliffhanger from Series One; episode 6, in which Blake would assault Storm Mountain; episode 10, which would be a stand-alone adventure and episodes 12 and 13, a two-part finale in which Blake would reach Star One and would uncover a plot by aliens to invade the galaxy, forcing Blake to ally himself with the Federation to defeat the aliens. In interviews given by Terry Nation, he suggested that the Daleks, a

of 77 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". On Rotten Tomatoes, the seventh season has a 94% approval rating from 46 critics with an average rating of 8.31 out of 10, and a 92% average episode score, with the site's consensus reading, ""After a year-long wait, ""Game of Thrones"" roars back with powerful storytelling and a focused interest in its central characters—particularly the female ones."" The series premiere surpassed 30 million viewers across all of the network's domestic platforms weeks after its release. The show's numbers continued to climb in other countries as well. In

The Dark Hedges in Stranocum, which was previously used as the Kingsroad in the second season. Some scenes were filmed in Iceland. Filming also occurred in Dubrovnik, Croatia, which is used for location of King's Landing. The scene where Arya was reunited with Nymeria was filmed in Alberta, Canada. ""Deadline"" reported on June 21, 2016, that the five main cast members, Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, and Kit Harington had been in contract negotiations for the final two seasons. It was reported that the cast members have increased their salary to $500,000 per episode for the seventh

fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in ""The Spoils of War."" On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of ""Game of Thrones"", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with ""Variety"", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were ""down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap."" Director Jack

"Gulf of Mexico"
avoid environmental problems. Although initial reports indicated that relatively little oil had leaked, by April 24, it was claimed by BP that approximately of oil per day were issuing from the wellhead, about below the surface on the ocean floor. On April 29, the U.S. government revealed that approximately per day, five times the original estimate, were pouring into the Gulf from the wellhead. The resulting oil slick quickly expanded to cover hundreds of square miles of ocean surface, posing a serious threat to marine life and adjacent coastal wetlands, and to the livelihoods of Gulf Coast shrimpers and fishermen.

shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one-sixth of the United States' total production. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southeast limit of the Gulf of Mexico as follows: A line leaving Cape Catoche Light () with the Light on Cape San Antonio in Cuba, through this island to the meridian of 83°W and to the Northward along this meridian

"GuLF Study"
gallons, or 643 million litres) spilled from a depth of 5,000 ft (1,500 m) into the Gulf of Mexico, 48 miles off the coast of Louisiana. According to the GuLF Study, the duration of the spill, the area affected, the proximity to local communities, and the number of people involved in the clean-up, were all greater than in any other spill that has been studied. Around 180 miles of shoreline were ""heavily to moderately oiled,"" according to a US government report. Additional safety concerns were raised by the use of roughly nine million litres of oil dispersants, Corexit 9527 and

Coast Guard Rear Adm. Sally Brice O'Hare stated that the U.S. government will be ""employing booms, skimmers, chemical dispersants and controlled burns"" to combat the oil spill. By May 1, 2010, the oil spill cleanup efforts were underway, but hampered by rough seas and the ""tea like"" consistency of the oil. Cleanup operations were resumed after conditions became favorable. On May 27, 2010, The USGS had revised the estimate of the leak from to 12,000– an increase from earlier estimates. On July 15, 2010, BP announced that the leak stopped for the first time in 88 days. In July 2015

BP reached an $18.7bn settlement with the US government, the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, as well as 400 local authorities. To date BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54bn. According to the National Response Center, the oil industry has thousands of minor accidents in the Gulf of Mexico every year. On May 12, 2016, a release of oil from subsea infrastructure on Shell's ""Brutus"" oil rig released 2,100 barrels of oil. This leak created a visible 2 mile by 13 mile oil slick in the sea about 97 miles

"Water resources in Mexico"
only 18% of water resources in Mexico are withdrawn for consumptive use. However, there is water stress in several regions of the country. The highest pressure on water resources is encountered around Mexico City (120% of resources), in Baja California (86% of resources) and in Sonora in the Northeast (79% of resources). CNA has defined 653 ""aquifers"" out of which 104 were categorized as overexploited in 2005. Total groundwater use was 27.5 BCM/year, while recharge is estimated at 77BCM/year. Out of the country's 13 administrative hydrological regions, in 4 regions abstraction exceeds recharge: Baja California, Northeast, North-Center and the Valley

"United States customary units"
kerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55 gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic

"Cubic mile of oil"
is about and one cubic mile is about : The world consumes approximately 3 CMO annually from all sources. The table A CMO/yr is about 5.084 TW continuous, making current world energy use around 15 TW. Proved oil reserves are those that can be extracted with reasonable certainty under existing conditions using existing technology. Global proved oil reserves are estimated at approximately . This corresponds to roughly 43 cubic miles, or 43 CMO. At the current rate of use, this would last about 40 years. Technological advances, new discoveries, and political changes will likely lead to additional proved oil reserves

An October 2007 study of the Atlantic croaker found a disproportioned sex ratio of 61% males to 39% females in hypoxic Gulf sites. This was compared with a 52% to 48% male-female ratio found in reference sites, showing an impairment of reproductive output for fish populations inhabiting hypoxic coastal zones. Microplastics within semi-enclosed seas like the Gulf have been reported in high concentrations and the Gulf's first such study estimated concentrations that rival the highest globally reported. There are 27,000 abandoned oil and gas wells beneath the Gulf. These have generally not been checked for potential environmental problems. In June

"Oil reserves in the United States"
four sites on the Gulf of Mexico, with a total capacity of of crude oil. The maximum total withdrawal capability from the United States Strategic Petroleum Reserve is per day. This is roughly 32% of US oil imports, or 75% of imports from OPEC. Services under the U.S. Department of the Interior estimate the total volume of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil in the United States to be roughly . Over 1 million exploratory and developmental crude oil wells have already been drilled in the US since 1949. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimates undiscovered technically recoverable crude oil onshore

"Etihad Towers"
the tallest building on Abu Dhabi island and the second tallest in Abu Dhabi after Sky Tower on Al Reem Island. Tower 2 has an observation deck in the 75th floor which is accessible from the hotel via a lower level linking podium. The towers were used as a filming location for the 2015 film ""Furious 7"". In the film, Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) steal a Lykan HyperSport and drive it through three of the towers. Etihad Towers Etihad Towers is a complex of buildings with five towers in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of

"Furious 7"
after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives and opens fire, led by Mr. Nobody. Nobody says that he will assist Dom in stopping Shaw if he helps him obtain God's Eye, a computer program that uses digital devices to track down a person, and save its creator, a hacker named Ramsey, from a mercenary named Mose Jakande. Dom, Brian, Letty, Roman Pearce, and Tej Parker then airdrop their cars over the Caucasus Mountains in Azerbaijan, ambush Jakande's convoy, and rescue Ramsey. The

team then heads to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters, the team tracks down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian, Nobody and his team attempt to capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his men and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye. At his own request, the injured Nobody is left behind to be evacuated by helicopter while Brian and Dom continue without him. To reduce their disadvantage, the crew returns to

"Asphalt 7: Heat"
to the player is the Koenigsegg Agera R (Tier 7) Due to Electronic Arts' ownership of the Porsche license, there are no Porsche vehicles, although there are tuned variants by Ruf. ""Asphalt 7"" features almost all of the locations from ""Asphalt 6: Adrenaline"", as well as adding new tracks, forming a total of 15 tracks. The locations are New York, Hawaii, Havana, Los Angeles, Nassau, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo, Moscow, New Orleans, Reykjavík, London, Alps, Shanghai and Miami. Upon its release, ""Asphalt 7"" received generally favorable reviews. The iOS version holds an aggregate score of 83 out of 100

"Redline (2009 film)"
detonator transmitter hidden in the palm of his hand, which the mob boss doesn't notice, causing JP's TransAM20000 to explode thereby making the 'Crab Sonoshee Sea' hovercraft, piloted by female racer Sonoshee ""Cherry Boy Hunter"" McLaren, the final winner. While recuperating from the explosion in a planet Dorothy hospital, Frisbee tells JP he's off the hook with his bondsman. JP initially turns down the money but a crowd of reporters storms the hospital room where JP learns that he has been voted by popular demand for the Redline following the dropout of two qualifiers due to the revelation of the

to tell Brian. However, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo, explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Dom's team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Han's body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, a friend of Han's who gives him personal items found at Han's crash site. Back at Han's funeral in Los Angeles, Dom notices a car observing them, and

"Redline (2007 film)"
Enzo Ferrari on Natasha. Natasha (driving a Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren) takes on Jason (driving a Lamborghini Diablo). As they approach the finish line, Natasha is several car lengths ahead of Jason, but he quickly zips past her by engaging the onboard nitrous system. Unfortunately, because of the excessive speed, the Diablo loses downforce, flies off the ground and flips in mid-air before crashing upside down at the finish line. Attempting to avoid the falling Diablo, Natasha crashes on a barrier and is knocked unconscious. Before Carlo can reach Jason to rescue him, the Diablo bursts into flames, killing his brother

"007 Racing"
of his most famous vehicles from the then-current 19 official films. Cars include the Aston Martin DB5 made famous in its initial appearance in ""Goldfinger"", the Lotus Esprit from ""The Spy Who Loved Me"" and ""For Your Eyes Only"", and the BMW Z8 that briefly appeared in ""The World is not Enough"" as well as seven other automobiles. Each car is equipped with all the usual gadgetry and weapons issued by Q, the Quartermaster of a special branch of MI6 referred to as Q-Branch. In ""007 Racing"", a high ranking European diplomat and businessman plans to hijack a shipment of

instantly. Michael's henchmen, dressed as paramedics, place Natasha in an ambulance and speed off. Natasha wakes up in Michael's mansion, realizing that she is now his property. Meanwhile, Carlo meets up with an old military friend and picks up some ammunition and gear before riding a Ducati 999 with the intent to kill Michael. After breaking into Michael's mansion, Carlo and Natasha bump into each other and leave the complex. This prompts Michael to have his henchmen kidnap her mother and convince her to drive for him at the next race at Red Rock Canyon in Nevada. Meanwhile, after receiving

Redline (2007 film) Redline is a 2007 American racing action-thriller film starring an ensemble cast. The film's plot is centered on a street racing circle funded by a group of multimillionaires who wager millions of dollars over their high-powered supercars. It was written and produced by Daniel Sadek, who also used his own automobile collection in the film. The film title was borrowed from the original working title of the 2001 movie, ""The Fast and the Furious"". A critical and financial failure at the box office, the film is most notable for being funded by subprime loans issued by Sadek's

Ahmadiyya
tradition and formed the first Muslim missionary organization to arrive in Britain and other Western countries. Currently, the Community is led by its Caliph, Mirza Masroor Ahmad, and is estimated to number between 10 and 20 million worldwide. The population is almost entirely contained in the single, highly organized and united movement. However, in the early history of the Community, a number of Ahmadis broke away over the nature of Ahmad's prophetic status and succession and formed the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, which today represents a small fraction of all Ahmadis. Some Ahmadiyya-specific beliefs have been

Ummah
Ummah It is a synonym for ' (, 'the Islamic community'), and it is commonly used to mean the collective community of Islamic peoples. In the Quran the ummah typically refers to a single group that shares common religious beliefs, specifically those that are the objects of a divine plan of salvation. In the context of pan-Islamism and politics, the word ' can be used to mean the concept of a ""Commonwealth of the Believers"" ( """"). The word ""Ummah"" (pl. ""umam"") means Nation in Arabic. For example the Arabic term for the United Nations in Arabic is ""الأمم المتحدة

"Members of the Covenant"
""bat qyāmâ"" (ܒܪܬ ܩܝܡܐ), or ""daughter of the covenant"". While that became the prevailing concept of how ascetics lived in the Western Roman Empire, in Persia things developed with a slightly altered perspective. With only a few exceptions, Syrian monks learned to live among the people, both Christian and non-Christian, living the strict ascetic lifestyle while still maintaining full cohesion in the world about them. The eastern ascetics saw their spiritually disciplined life as a journey of steps, adopting the notion that all were equal in God’s eyes, each finding oneself on a stairway of godliness that led ultimately towards

Spirituality
al-Islam""; also ""arkan ad-din"", ""pillars of religion"") are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory for all believers. The Quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are (1) the creed (""shahadah""), (2) daily prayers (""salat""), (3) almsgiving (""zakah""), (4) fasting during Ramadan and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (""hajj"") at least once in a lifetime. The Shia and Sunni sects both agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts. The best known form of Islamic mystic spirituality is the Sufi tradition (famous through Rumi and Hafiz) in

Sahabah
Sahabah The term ( meaning ""the companions"", from the verb meaning ""accompany"", ""keep company with"", ""associate with"") refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This form is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine sahabi ('), feminine sahabia ('). Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators (""isnads""), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the

Ibadah
Ibadah Ibadah (, ""‘ibādah"", also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude. In Islam, ""ibadah"" is usually translated as ""worship"", and ""ibadat""—the plural form of ""ibadah""—refers to Islamic jurisprudence (""fiqh"") of Muslim religious rituals. In Arabic ""ibadah"" is connected with related words such as ""Ubudiyyah"" (""slavery""), and has connotations of obedience, submission, and humility. The word linguistically means ""obedience with submission"". In Islam, ""ibadah"" is usually translated as ""worship"" and means obedience, submission, and devotion to God. Other sources (noted Islamist author Abul A'la Maududi and others) give a broader definition of ""ibadah"", including keeping speech free

Ahmadiyya
however, most independent sources variously estimate the population to be at least 10 to 20 million worldwide, thereby representing around 1% of the world's Muslim population. In 2001, the ""World Christian Encyclopedia"", estimated that the Ahmadiyya movement was the fastest growing sect within Islam. It is estimated that the country with the largest Ahmadiyya population is Pakistan, with an estimated 4 million Ahmadi Muslims. The population is almost entirely contained in the single, organized and united movement, headed by the Caliph. The other is the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, which represents less than 0.2% of the total Ahmadiyya population. Ahmadiyya are

Mohammedan
Islam based on the hadith and examples from the life of the prophet. It has adapted institutions such as the Boy Scouts to Islamic ends as the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia. Mohammedan Mohammedan (also spelled ""Muhammadan"", ""Mahommedan"", ""Mahomedan"" or ""Mahometan"") is a term for a follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is used as both a noun and an adjective, meaning belonging or relating to, either Muhammad or the religion, doctrines, institutions and practices that he established. The word was formerly common in usage, but the terms Muslim and Islamic are more common today. Though sometimes used stylistically by some

Ahmadiyya
and maintaining correspondence with communities of believers and individuals, expounding principles of the Islamic faith. the community has been established in 209 countries and territories of the world with concentrations in South Asia, West Africa, East Africa, and Indonesia. The community is a minority Muslim sect in almost every country of the world. In some countries like Pakistan, it is practically illegal to be an Ahmadi Muslim. Together, these factors make it difficult to estimate the Ahmadiyya population for both the community itself as well as independent organizations. For this reason, the community gives a figure of ""tens of millions"";

Ahmadiyya
the conclusion of the proceedings, the recommendations are sent to the caliph for approval which he may accept, reject or partially accept. The principal headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is the city, town or place where the caliph resides. As such, since the forced exile of the fourth caliph from Pakistan in 1984, the official headquarters of the Community has been based in London, England. Although the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina are acknowledged to be more sacred, Qadian is considered to be the spiritual headquarters of the Community. It is believed, and prophesied, that in the

"History of Canada (1982–92)"
History of Canada (1982–92) The history of Canada (1982–1992) refers to the period immediately following the early 1980s, and prior to the 1993 resignation of Brian Mulroney the 18th Prime Minister of Canada. In 1982, the Canada Act was passed by the British parliament and granted Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth II on March 29. The corresponding Constitution Act was passed by the Canadian parliament and granted Royal Assent by the Queen on April 17, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada, and marking one of Trudeau's last major acts before his resignation in 1984. Previously, the constitution has existed only

"History of Canada"
out the text of the proposed Canada Act, which also included the text of the Constitution Act, 1982. The British Parliament duly passed the Canada Act 1982, the Queen granting Royal Assent on March 29, 1982, 115 years to the day since Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the Constitution Act, 1867. On April 17, 1982, the Queen signed the Proclamation on the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa bringing the Constitution Act, 1982 into force, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada. Previously, the main portions of the constitution had existed only as an act passed of the British parliament,

"Canada under British rule"
Canada, which remained under the purview of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada's final vestige of legislative dependence on the United Kingdom was terminated in 1982 with the enactment of the Canada Act, subsequently providing Canada with full legal legislative sovereignty independent of the United Kingdom. In North America, the Seven Years' War had seen Great Britain conquer all of the French colony of Canada. The war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. As part of the treaty, France formally renounced its claims to all its North American lands to Britain

"Canada Act 1982"
in Canada. Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. Canada Act 1982 The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an act of the Parliament

"History of Canada (1992–present)"
large campaigns from both the """"'oui"""" and """"non"""" sides, the referendum was defeated by the narrowest of margins: a victory for those opposed to secession, with 50.58% of the vote. In April 1982, a majority of Northwest Territories residents voted in favour of a division of the area, and the federal government gave a conditional agreement seven months later. After a long series of land claim negotiations between the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada and the federal government (begun earlier in 1976), an agreement was reached in September 1992. In June 1993, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act and the Nunavut

as an act of British parliament, and the documents remained there. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, with the Queen's role as monarch of Canada separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. At the same time, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms was added in place of the previous Bill of Rights. Some of the negotiations between provincial and federal leaders, specifically those concerning the so-called Notwithstanding Clause, had failed to include Quebec Premier René Lévesque. Resentment over this ""stab in the back"" led to attempts

"Decolonization of the Americas"
later upon compensation. Canada's transition from colonial rule to independence occurred gradually over many decades and was achieved mostly through political means, as opposed to the violent revolutions that marked the end of colonialism in other North and South American countries. Attempts at revolting against the British, such as the Rebellion of 1837, were brief and quickly put down. Canada was declared a dominion within the British Empire in 1867. Originally, the Canadian Confederation included just a few of what are now Canada's eastern provinces; other British colonies in modern-day Canada, such as British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland,

"Canadian Confederation"
the House of Lords, and then also quickly approved by the British House of Commons. (The Conservative Lord Derby was prime minister of the United Kingdom at the time.) The Act received royal assent on March 29, 1867, and set July 1, 1867, as the date for union. Confederation was accomplished when the Queen gave royal assent to the British North America Act (BNA Act) on March 29, 1867, followed by a royal proclamation stating: ""We do ordain, declare, and command that on and after the First day of July, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty-seven, the Provinces of Canada,

"History of monarchy in Canada"
in what became known as the Great Upheaval. Following the Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Seven Years' War in 1763, a Royal Proclamation was issued by George III, laying out his policy regarding the newly acquired colonies in North America. This was regarded by American colonists as one of the Intolerable Acts that together eventually led to the outbreak of the American Revolution. This conflict led some 46,000 people loyal to the Crown—dubbed United Empire Loyalists—to flee north from the United States; the King-in-Council granted each family of land. At the same time, thousands of Iroquois and other Aboriginals

"Canada Day"
Quebec upon Confederation). Canada became a ""kingdom in its own right"" within the British Empire named the ""Dominion of Canada"". Although still a British colony, Canada gained an increased level of political control and governance over its own affairs, the British parliament and Cabinet maintaining political control over certain areas, such as foreign affairs, national defence, and constitutional changes. Canada gradually gained increasing independence over the years, notably with the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, until finally becoming completely independent with the passing of the 1982 Constitution Act which served to fully patriate the Canadian constitution. Under

"Coat of arms of South Africa"
ideas received, along with input from the Cabinet. The Government Communication and Information System then approached Design South Africa to brief ten of the top designers. Three designers were chosen to present their concepts to the Cabinet. Iaan Bekker's design was chosen. The new arms were introduced on Freedom Day, 27 April 2000. The change reflected the government's aim to highlight the democratic change in South Africa and a new sense of patriotism. The coat of arms is a series of elements organised in distinct symmetric egg-like or oval shapes placed on top of one another. The completed structure of

Coat of arms of South Africa The present coat of arms of South Africa was introduced on Freedom Day 27 April 2000. It replaced the earlier national arms, which had been in use since 1910. The motto ' is written in the Khoisan language of the ǀXam people and translates literally to ""diverse people unite"". The previous motto, in Latin, was ', translated as ""From unity, strength"". The design process was initiated when, in 1999, the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology requested ideas for the new coat-of-arms from the public. A brief was then prepared based on the

Hahn/Cock
winner of the commission, It was unveiled on 25 July 2013 by Mayor of London Boris Johnson. He pointed out the irony that the cockerel, an unofficial national emblem of France, was standing in a square commemorating a famous British victory over the French. Fritsch has said that she was unaware of the connection until it was explained to her. According to Fritsch, she chose the cockerel to represent strength and regeneration, ""but it's a nice humorous side-effect to have something French in a place that celebrates victory over Napoleon. He has come back as a cockerel!"" Johnson said in

"Coat of arms of New Zealand"
that the female supporter looked too much like a ""Soviet heroine"". Following the election of the First National Government in 1949, the new Attorney-General, Jack Marshall (later Prime Minister) took up responsibility for the committee. Marshall requested the woman to be re-drawn based on the likeness of Grace Kelly, a favourite actress of his. The Compartment, which is what the Supporters stand on, is not always part of the Blazon but in this case it is two New Zealand Ferns in their natural colour. The coat of arms depicts a shield with four quadrants divided by a central ""pale"": None

"Coat of arms of Ivory Coast"
Coat of arms of Ivory Coast The coat of arms of Ivory Coast in its current form was adopted in 1964. The focal point of the emblem is the head of an elephant. The elephant is symbolically important to the nation, since it is the largest animal found in Ivory Coast as well as being the source of ivory for which the nation is named. The rising sun is a traditional symbol of a new beginning. Below the elephant head is a banner containing the name of the nation. The decree n° 64-237 of , modifying the decree n° 60-78

"Coat of arms of the Isle of Man"
but appears to stem from the Scottish takeover of the island in 1265. The heraldic supporters are birds associated with the island, whilst the motto first appears on record in the 17th century. The present coat of arms was granted by Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann, on 12 July 1996. The escutcheon is blazoned: ""Gules, a triskele argent garnished and spurred or"". The crest is blazoned: ""An imperial crown proper"". The supporters are blazoned: dexter: ""A peregrine falcon proper"" and sinister: ""A raven proper"". The Latin motto is: ""Quocunque Jeceris Stabit"" (""""whithersoever you throw it, it will stand"", or

"Coat of arms of Uganda"
the bottom is symbolic of dancing, and the summoning of people to meetings and ceremony. The above explanation, about the symbolism of the drum, is a distortion that came about after the bloody 1966 national crisis when the Prime Minister of the day, Milton Obote, made a violent military attack on the king of the Kingdom of Buganda in central Uganda, Edward Mutesa II, who was the ceremonial president of the state at the time. The following year, 1967, the nation's constitution was abrogated and replaced with a new one which abolished the country's ancient monarchies—the kingdoms of Buganda, Bunyoro,

"Coat of arms of Romania"
design adopted by the two chambers of the Romanian Parliament in their joint session on September 10, 1992. In April 2016, deputies of the Judiciary Committee endorsed a bill voted previously by the Senate that returns the crown on the head of the eagle and mandates the public authorities to replace the existing emblems and seals to those provided by law until 31 December 2018 (to mark the centenary of the Union of Transylvania with Romania on 1 December 1918). The bill was adopted by the Chamber of Deputies on 8 June 2016 and promulgated by President Klaus Iohannis on

the then motto of the country, ""Onward"". Early renditions of the coat of arms often featured stylised scrolling, replaced in 1956 by fern leaves. One month prior to New Zealand's adoption of the Statute of Westminster (which formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament) on 25 September 1947, a special committee was formed by then Prime Minister Peter Fraser. Responsible for the ""redrawing and standardisation of the Coat of Arms"", the committee consisted of Alistair McIntosh, Joseph Heenan, Dr Colin Aickman, Frank Corner, Foss Shanahan and Professor John Cawte Beaglehole. One of the committee's concerns was

"Coat of arms of Australia"
to represent British and Irish settlers. These arms were used by the government and appeared on the sixpence coin from 1910 until 1963, and the threepence, shilling and florin from 1910 to 1936. The 1908 arms were redesigned in 1911, and officially granted by George V on 19 September 1912. The redesign spurred much debate in Parliament. The Member for Wentworth, Willie Kelly, said: ""The emu and kangaroo are so built that they hardly fit into the heraldic atmosphere, and I think we make ourselves ridiculous when we endeavour to carry on the traditions of the Old World with some

"13 Reasons Why"
and Netflix ordering the show straight to series in October 2015, with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer. The first season was released on Netflix on March 31, 2017. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who praised its subject matter and acting, particularly the performances of Minnette and Langford. For her performance, Langford received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Drama Series. However, its graphic depiction of issues such as suicide and rape, along with other mature content prompted concerns from mental health professionals. In response, Netflix added a warning card and from

March 2018, a video that plays at the start of each season warning viewers about its themes. In May 2017, Netflix renewed ""13 Reasons Why"" for a second season; filming began the next month and concluded that December. The second season was released on May 18, 2018, and received negative reviews from critics and mixed reviews from audiences. A third season was ordered in June 2018 and is set to be released in 2019. Critical and audience reaction to the series has been divided, with the program generating controversy between audiences and industry reviewers. In season one, seventeen year old

"Thirteen Reasons Why"
the original release of the book, that became the basis of the dramatic television series ""13 Reasons Why"" released through Netflix on March 31, 2017. The screenplay contains several deviations from the book, including, but not limited to, name changes, plot elements, and character personalities. ""Thirteen Reasons Why"" was first published in hardcover on October 18, 2007, by RazorBill, a young adult imprint of Penguin Books. The audiobook on CD was released at the same time by Listening Library, a division of Penguin Books, featuring the voices of Debra Wiseman as Hannah and Joel Johnstone as Clay. The novel was

Sugar, Steve Golin, Mandy Teefey, and Kristel Laiblin serving as executive producers. Filming for the show took place in the Northern Californian towns of Vallejo, Benicia, San Rafael, Crockett and Sebastopol during the summer of 2016. The 13-episode first season and the special were released on Netflix on March 31, 2017. Therapy dogs were present on set for the actors because of the intense and emotional content of the series. On May 7, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season. Filming for the second season began on June 12, 2017, but was briefly

halted in October in response to the then-ongoing Northern California wildfires happening around the areas where the series was being filmed. Production on the second season wrapped in December 2017. The second season was released on May 18, 2018. On June 6, 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a third season, which is set to be released in 2019. The marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the first season was the second-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered, garnering 48% of the viewers that the second season of ""Daredevil"" received, which was the most viewed season

especially compromises the integrity of young girls such as Hannah. Throughout season two, Clay appears to be communicating with the ghost of Hannah as a plot narrative device. Universal Studios purchased film rights to the novel on February 8, 2011, with Selena Gomez cast to play Hannah Baker. On October 29, 2015, it was announced that Netflix would be making a television adaptation of the book with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer. Tom McCarthy was hired to direct the first two episodes. The series is produced by Anonymous Content and Paramount Television with Gomez, McCarthy, Joy Gorman, Michael

13 Reasons Why 13 Reasons Why (stylized onscreen as TH1RTEEN R3ASONS WHY) is an American teen drama web television series developed for Netflix by Brian Yorkey, based on the 2007 novel ""Thirteen Reasons Why"" by Jay Asher. The series revolves around seventeen-year-old high school student, Clay Jensen, and his deceased friend Hannah Baker, who has killed herself after having to face a culture of gossip and sexual assault at her high school and a lack of support from her friends and her school. A box of cassette tapes recorded by Hannah in the lead up to her suicide detail thirteen

the first season of the series, Netflix also released ""13 Reasons Why: Beyond the Reasons"", an aftershow documentary television film. The 29-minute documentary featured cast and crew of the series, and mental health professionals discussing their experiences working on the show and dealing with difficult issues, including bullying, depression and sexual assault. A second ""Beyond the Reasons"" special was released with the second season of the series. 13 Reasons Why 13 Reasons Why (stylized onscreen as TH1RTEEN R3ASONS WHY) is an American teen drama web television series developed for Netflix by Brian Yorkey, based on the 2007 novel ""Thirteen Reasons

published in trade paperback format by Penguin Young Readers Group, a division of Penguin Random House on June 14, 2011. ""Thirteen Reasons Why"" had remained in hardcover long past the usual one-year release-to-paperback schedule due to its continued grassroots popularity and sales fueled by author participation. On December 27, 2016, the Tenth Anniversary Edition of ""Thirteen Reasons Why"" was published in hardcover, also by Penguin Young Readers Group. In this edition, the author's original, unpublished ending for the book is included, as well as a new introduction and an essay from the author, pages from the notebook that the author

to her. Since its release, the novel has received both praise and criticism. Despite the mixed critical reviews, however, the novel became a bestseller after its release and holding a spot at number 16 on ""USA Today""s list of Top 100 Books of 2017 after the release of the Netflix adaptation earlier that year. While the show's popularity increased interest in the novel, its notoriety among suicide prevention groups drew criticism of the novel's premise. After the show's release, school psychologists criticized the novel's premise for failing to address mental illness and making Hannah's death seem like the result of

"Vulnerability management"
Vulnerability management Vulnerability management is the ""cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, prioritizing, remediating, and mitigating"" software vulnerabilities. Vulnerability management is integral to computer security and network security, and must not be confused with Vulnerability assessment. Vulnerabilities can be discovered with a vulnerability scanner, which analyzes a computer system in search of known vulnerabilities, such as open ports, insecure software configurations, and susceptibility to malware infections. They may also be identified by consulting public sources, such as NVD, or subscribing to a commercial vulnerability alerting service such as Symantec's DeepSight Vulnerability Datafeed or Accenture's Vulnerability Intelligence Service. Unknown vulnerabilities, such as

"Computer security incident management"
to review status reports and to authorize specific remedies. The team should utilize a pre-allocated physical and virtual meeting place. The investigation seeks to determine the circumstances of the incident. Every incident will warrant or require an investigation. However, investigation resources like forensic tools, dirty networks, quarantine networks and consultation with law enforcement may be useful for the effective and rapid resolution of an emergency incident. Incident Response Steps Detection- An incident can be detected by a sensor, a network analyst or a user reporting something unusual with his/her PC. Containment- In the event of malicious network traffic or a

"Information security audit"
security include OmniGuard, Guardian, and LANGuard. Omniguard is a firewall, as is Guardian which also provides virus protection. LANGuard provides network auditing, intrusion detection, and network management. For log management, solutions from vendors such as SenSage and others are the choice for government agencies and highly regulated industries. Vulnerabilities are often not related to a technical weakness in an organization's IT systems, but rather related to individual behavior within the organization. A simple example of this is users leaving their computers unlocked or being vulnerable to phishing attacks. As a result, a thorough InfoSec audit will frequently include a penetration

"Data loss prevention software"
system detects intrusion attempts by outsiders. Inside attacks can be averted through antivirus scans that detect Trojan horses that send confidential information, and by the use of thin clients that operate in a client-server architecture with no personal or sensitive data stored on a client device. Advanced security measures employ machine learning and temporal reasoning algorithms for detecting abnormal access to data (e.g., databases or information retrieval systems) or abnormal email exchange, honeypots for detecting authorized personnel with malicious intentions and activity-based verification (e.g., recognition of keystroke dynamics) and user activity monitoring for detecting abnormal data access. Designated systems detect

"Information security"
triad that he called the six atomic elements of information. The elements are confidentiality, possession, integrity, authenticity, availability, and utility. The merits of the Parkerian Hexad are a subject of debate amongst security professionals. In 2011, The Open Group published the information security management standard O-ISM3. This standard proposed an operational definition of the key concepts of security, with elements called ""security objectives"", related to access control (9), availability (3), data quality (1), compliance and technical (4). In 2009, DoD Software Protection Initiative released the Three Tenets of Cybersecurity which are System Susceptibility, Access to the Flaw, and Capability to

"Computer security"
more impactful event such as a data breach or system failure. The intended outcome of a computer security incident response plan is to limit damage and reduce recovery time and costs. Responding to compromises quickly can mitigate exploited vulnerabilities, restore services and processes and minimize impact and losses. Incident response planning allows an organization to establish a series of best practices to stop an intrusion before it causes damage. Typical incident response plans contain a set of written instructions that outline the organization’s response to a cyberattack. Without a documented plan in place, an organization may not successfully detect an

""detection"" systems. Yet it is basic evidence gathering by using packet capture appliances that puts criminals behind bars. Vulnerability management is the cycle of identifying, and remediating or mitigating vulnerabilities, especially in software and firmware. Vulnerability management is integral to computer security and network security. Vulnerabilities can be discovered with a vulnerability scanner, which analyzes a computer system in search of known vulnerabilities, such as open ports, insecure software configuration, and susceptibility to malware. Beyond vulnerability scanning, many organisations contract outside security auditors to run regular penetration tests against their systems to identify vulnerabilities. In some sectors this is a

of the major challenges of the contemporary world. A vulnerability is a weakness in design, implementation, operation or internal control. Most of the vulnerabilities that have been discovered are documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. An ""exploitable"" vulnerability is one for which at least one working attack or ""exploit"" exists. Vulnerabilities are often hunted or exploited with the aid of automated tools or manually using customized scripts. To secure a computer system, it is important to understand the attacks that can be made against it, and these threats can typically be classified into one of these categories

by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victims account to be locked, or they may overload the capabilities of a machine or network and block all users at once. While a network attack from a single IP address can be blocked by adding a new firewall rule, many forms of Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points – and defending is much more difficult. Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet, but a range of other techniques are possible including

of system integrity, air traffic control outages, loss of aircraft, and even loss of life. Desktop computers and laptops are commonly targeted to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smartphones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as quantified self devices like activity trackers have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information. Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone networks on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be

"Santa Clarita Diet"
Santa Clarita Diet Santa Clarita Diet is an American horror-comedy web television series created by Victor Fresco for the streaming service Netflix, starring Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphant. Fresco serves as the showrunner, and is an executive producer alongside Drew Barrymore, Timothy Olyphant, Aaron Kaplan, Tracy Katsky, Chris Miller, Ember Truesdell and Ruben Fleischer. The single-camera series premiered on February 3, 2017. The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, has received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the cast and premise, but criticizing the number of graphic scenes. On March 29, 2017, it was announced that Netflix renewed the series

"Skyler Gisondo"
Skyler Gisondo Skyler Gisondo (born July 22, 1996) is an American actor. He currently stars in the Netflix series ""Santa Clarita Diet"". Gisondo was born in Palm Beach County, Florida. His parents, Stacey and Ron, are ocean engineers. His last name comes from his paternal grandfather, who was Italian. His other three grandparents were Jewish. After he began working frequently, he was homeschooled for several years. He attended Milken Community High School in Los Angeles, graduating in 2014. In 2015, he began attending the University of Southern California's film school first full-time and then part-time before taking time off to

7.08/10 on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus states: """"Santa Clarita Diet"" rides the momentum of its freshman season with non-stop comedic gore and a big heart that bleeds — profusely — for its lovable characters."" Santa Clarita Diet Santa Clarita Diet is an American horror-comedy web television series created by Victor Fresco for the streaming service Netflix, starring Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphant. Fresco serves as the showrunner, and is an executive producer alongside Drew Barrymore, Timothy Olyphant, Aaron Kaplan, Tracy Katsky, Chris Miller, Ember Truesdell and Ruben Fleischer. The single-camera series premiered on February 3, 2017. The first

for a second season, which premiered on March 23, 2018. On May 8, 2018, the series was renewed for a 10-episode third season set to premiere in 2019. Joel and Sheila Hammond are everyday suburban real estate agents in Santa Clarita, California. The couple face a series of obstacles when Sheila has a physical transformation into a zombie and starts craving human flesh. With Joel and the family trying to help Sheila through the trying time, they have to deal with neighbors, cultural norms and getting to the bottom of a potentially mythological mystery. Fresco came up with the premise

is Jewish. While filming ""Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb"" and spending his senior year at the Vancouver high school, Gisondo asked Ben Stiller and Robin Williams to help him film a ""promposal"" formally asking his girlfriend to senior prom. They filmed a three-minute comedy routine with Crystal the Monkey. Skyler Gisondo Skyler Gisondo (born July 22, 1996) is an American actor. He currently stars in the Netflix series ""Santa Clarita Diet"". Gisondo was born in Palm Beach County, Florida. His parents, Stacey and Ron, are ocean engineers. His last name comes from his paternal grandfather, who was

"Tortilla Soup"
outside the family circle. Leticia (played by Elizabeth Peña), the oldest and most conservative of the three, is a repressed high school chemistry teacher who abandoned Catholicism to become a born-again Christian. Middle daughter Carmen (Jacqueline Obradors) shares her father's passion for food but has stifled her dream of owning a restaurant in favor of pursuing a more stable career as a business analyst. Maribel (Tamara Mello), the youngest, is hip and slightly rebellious. Frequently present in the Naranjo home are newly divorced family friend Yolanda (Constance Marie), her young daughter April, and her visiting mother Hortensia (Raquel Welch), who

"Eiza González"
In November 2013, she was announced as a cast member for producer Robert Rodriguez's television series, """". González plays Santanico Pandemonium, a role portrayed by Salma Hayek in the original film. The role is González's first English-speaking part, and she is also featured prominently on the print advertisements for the series. The show is produced by Rodriguez for his cable network El Rey. González relocated to Austin, Texas to film the program's first season. Following its U.S. debut, the show began available for streaming internationally on Netflix in the UK, Canada, and Latin America. On March 26, 2014, the series

On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 75% based on 64 reviews, with an average rating of 7.18/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"Santa Clarita Diet"" serves up an excellent cast, frequent laughs, and an engaging premise – but the level of gore might not be to everyone's taste."" Metacritic reports that the first season received ""generally favorable reviews"" with a score of 67 out of 100, based on 30 critics. The second season received generally positive reviews as well. The season has an approval rating of 83% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of

"Timothy Olyphant"
Series in 2011. Olyphant had guest appearances in numerous television sitcoms including ""The Office"" (2010), ""The Mindy Project"" (2013) and ""The Grinder"" (2015–2016), for which he won a Critics' Choice Award. He currently stars in the Netflix series ""Santa Clarita Diet"" (2017–present). Olyphant was born in Honolulu, Hawaii but moved to Modesto, California at the age of two. His parents are J.V. Bevan Olyphant, who worked as vice president of production at Gallo Winery, and Katherine (née Gideon). He has an older brother, Andrew, and a younger brother, Matthew. His parents divorced when Olyphant was a teenager; both remarried. His

"Boris Kodjoe"
Boris Kodjoe Boris Frederic Cecil Tay-Natey Ofuatey-Kodjoe (; born March 8, 1973), better known as Boris Kodjoe, is an Austrian-born actor of German and Ghanaian descent known for his roles as Kelby in the 2002 film ""Brown Sugar"", the sports-courier agent Damon Carter on the Showtime drama series ""Soul Food"" and was a recurring character on FOX's ""The Last Man on Earth"". He currently co-stars on BET's ""Real Husbands of Hollywood"" and the ""Grey's Anatomy"" spin-off, ""Station 19"". Kodjoe was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of Ursula, a German psychologist of partially Jewish descent, and Eric Kodjoe, a Ghanaian

"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum"
recording studio environment on the Second Floor. Architect: Tuck-Hinton Architects, PLC Exhibit Designer: Ralph Appelbaum Associates Inc. Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world's largest repository of country music artifacts.

Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world's largest repository of country music artifacts. Early in the 1960s, as the Country Music Association's campaign to publicize country music was accelerating, CMA

"Texas Country Music Hall of Fame"
museum contains information panels that cover each inductee's career and accomplishments through text, photographs, and various artifacts. In the center of the exhibit area, a replica of a 1930s theater marquee reminds visitors of the role of country music in film. A juke box nearby allows visitors to select the country songs that they wish to hear played while touring the museum. The marquee serves as the entrance to the Tex Ritter Museum. A native of Panola County, Ritter was one of the first singers inducted into the hall of fame when it was established in 1998. There is also

professional can receive, is extended to performers, songwriters, broadcasters, musicians, and executives in recognition of their contributions to the development of country music. The Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association (CMA); the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962. The most recent inductees (class of 2018) are Johnny Gimble, Dottie West and Ricky Skaggs. Over the Hall of Fame's history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one

Texas Country Music Hall of Fame The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, formerly the Tex Ritter Museum, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to country music and were born in the state of Texas. This includes singers, songwriters, disc jockeys, and others. A museum, a large multi-purpose room, and a gift shop comprise the major areas of interest within the facility. The multi-purpose room can be configured to serve as a lecture hall or a dining room. It is covered with impressive photographs from local and regional history. The

a replica of the distinctive diamond-shaped WSM radio tower, which was originally built in 1932 just south of Nashville and is still in operation. The Rotunda itself is replete with symbolic architectural elements. For example, the exterior of this cylindrical structure can be viewed variously as a drum kit, a rural water tower, or grain silo. The four disc tiers of the Rotunda's roof evoke the evolution of recording technology—the 78, the vinyl LP, the 45, and the CD. Stone bars on the Rotunda's outside wall symbolize the notes of the Carter Family's classic song ""Will the Circle Be Unbroken,""

offer visitors a hands-on immersion into today's country music with artifacts from today's country stars and a series of technology-enhanced activities. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, and multi-purpose event rental spaces. Other historic properties of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum include the letterpress operation Hatch Show Print (located inside the museum) and Historic RCA Studio B (located on Music Row), Nashville's oldest surviving recording studio, where recordings by Elvis Presley, Dolly Parton, Waylon Jennings, and many others were made. The Country Music Hall of Fame

a museum exhibit on Ritter's son, John Ritter. Mickey Gilley, a native of Ferriday, Louisiana, and Moe Bandy, originally from Meridian, Mississippi, not born in Texas though they have subsequently had a long associated with the state, Gilley with Houston and Bandy with San Antonio. On August 12, 2017, Kenny Rogers, a Houston native who became one of the most successful performers in country music history in a career spanning nearly sixty years, was inducted into The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame. Plans are underway to double the size of the hall of fame in the area immediately to

the head of Music Row, the bronze plaques comprised a special exhibit. Today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum's enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum's archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum's collection and includes more than 2.5 million artifacts. When viewed from the air, the building forms a massive bass clef. The point on the sweeping arch of the building suggests the tailfin of a 1959 Cadillac sedan. The building's front windows resemble piano keys. The tower on top of the Rotunda that extends down the Hall of Fame is

leaders determined that a new organization was needed to operate a country music museum and to carry out research and education activities beyond CMA's scope as a trade organization. Toward this end, the nonprofit Country Music Foundation (CMF) was chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964 to collect, preserve, and publicize information and artifacts relating to the history of country music. Through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1, 1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a

Army
differentiate it from an air force called the Air Army, notably France. In such countries, the word ""army"" on its own retains its connotation of a land force in common usage. The current largest army in the world, by number of active troops, is the People's Liberation Army Ground Force of China with 1,600,000 active troops and 510,000 reserve personnel followed by the Indian Army with 1,129,000 active troops and 960,000 reserve personnel. By convention, irregular military is understood in contrast to regular armies which grew slowly from personal bodyguards or elite militia. Regular in this case refers to standardized

Army
doctrines, uniforms, organizations, etc. Regular military can also refer to full-time status (standing army), versus reserve or part-time personnel. Other distinctions may separate statutory forces (established under laws such as the National Defence Act), from de facto ""non-statutory"" forces such as some guerrilla and revolutionary armies. Armies may also be expeditionary (designed for overseas or international deployment) or fencible (designed for – or restricted to – homeland defence) India has had the earliest armies in the world. The first known recorded battles, the War of the 10 Kings, happened when a Hindu Aryan emperor Sudas defeated an alliance of ten

"India as an emerging superpower"
procedures, and the number is increasing at the rate of about 15 percent a year. The Indian Armed Forces, India's main defence organisation, consists of two main branches: the core Military of India and the Indian Paramilitary Forces. The Military of India maintains the second largest active duty force in the world after China, while the Indian Paramilitary Forces, over a million strong, is the second largest paramilitary force in the world. Combined, the total armed forces of India are 2,414,700 strong, the world's third largest defence force. The Army of India, as the Indian army was called under British

"Indian Army"
system, but is operationally and geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field formation being a division. It is an all-volunteer force and comprises more than 80% of the country's active defence personnel. It is the 2nd largest standing army in the world, with 1,237,117 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops. The army has embarked on an infantry modernisation program known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System (F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery and aviation branches. A Military Department was created within the Government of the East India Company at Kolkata

"Military budget"
on Military Spending (GDAMS), which aims to gather people and create a global movement that persuades governments to reallocate their military spending to essential human needs such as food, education, health care, social services and environmental concerns. Among the countries maintaining some of the world's largest military budgets, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are frequently recognized to be great powers. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, in 2014, total world military expenditure amounted to 1.8 trillion US$. The ""Saturday Review"" magazine in February 1898 outlined the levels of military expenditure as

"Volunteer military"
Volunteer military A volunteer military or all-volunteer military is one which derives its manpower from volunteers rather than conscription or mandatory service. A country may offer attractive pay and benefits through military recruitment to attract potential recruits. Many countries with volunteer militaries reserve the right to renew conscription in the event of an emergency. The Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer army. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, in 2010 the army had a strength of 1,129,900 active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel In recent decades, the trend among numerous countries has been to move from

"Standing army"
King whilst under his personal command, Parliament reduced the cadre to 7000 in 1697. Scotland and Ireland had theoretically separate military establishments, but they were ""de facto"" merged with the English force. The Bill of Rights 1689 officially reserved authority over a standing army to Parliament, not the King. In his influential work ""The Wealth of Nations"" (1776), economist Adam Smith comments that standing armies are a sign of modernizing society as modern warfare requires the increased skill and discipline of regularly trained standing armies. In the British Thirteen Colonies in America, there was a strong distrust of a standing

Army
on technological firepower and better-trained fighting forces, the sheer unlikelihood of a conventional military assault on most developed nations, as well as memories of the contentiousness of the Vietnam War experience, make mass conscription unlikely in the foreseeable future. Russia, as well as many other nations, retains mainly a conscript army. There is also a very rare ""citizen army"" as used in Switzerland (see Military of Switzerland). Western armies are usually subdivided as follows: A field army is composed of a headquarters, army troops, a variable number of corps, typically between three and four, and a variable number of divisions,

"Indian Armed Forces"
Intelligence Agency indicates that India is projected to have the fourth most capable concentration of power by 2015. According to a report published by the US Congress, India is the developing world's leading arms purchaser. It is investing to build a dedicated and secure optical fibre cable (OFC) network for exclusive use of the Army, Navy and Air Force. This will be one of the world's largest closed user group (CUG) networks. During 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had a reported strength of 1.4 million active personnel and 2.1 million reserve personnel. In addition, there were approximately 1.3 million paramilitary

Military
performed to assess military capability of potential future aggressors, and provide combat modelling that helps to understand factors on which comparison of forces can be made. This helps to quantify and qualify such statements as: ""China and India maintain the largest armed forces in the World"" or that ""the U.S. Military is considered to be the world's strongest"". Although some groups engaged in combat, such as militants or resistance movements, refer to themselves using military terminology, notably 'Army' or 'Front', none have had the structure of a national military to justify the reference, and usually have had to rely on

Croquet
and is the game most recreational players in those countries call simply ""croquet"". In this version of croquet there are nine wickets, two stakes, and up to six balls. The course is arranged in a double-diamond pattern, with one stake at each end of the course. Players start at one stake, navigate one side of the double diamond, hit the turning stake, then navigate the opposite side of the double diamond and hit the starting stake to end. If playing individually (""Cutthroat""), the first player to stake out is the winner. In partnership play, all members of a team must

Croquet
other three balls may be roqueted once in a turn before a hoop is run, after which they become available to be roqueted again. The winner of the game is the team who completes the set circuit of six hoops (and then back again the other way), with both balls, and then strikes the centre peg (making a total of 13 points per ball = 26). Good players may make ""breaks"" of several hoops in a single turn. The best players may take a ball round a full circuit in one turn. ""Advanced play"" (a variant of association play for

Croquet
Croquet Croquet is a sport that involves hitting plastic or wooden balls with a mallet through hoops (often called ""wickets"" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court. The oldest document to bear the word ""croquet"" with a description of the modern game is the set of rules registered by Isaac Spratt in November 1856 with the Stationers' Company in London. This record is now in the Public Record Office. In 1868, the first croquet all-comers meet was held at Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire and in the same year the All England Croquet Club was formed at Wimbledon, London. Regardless

Croquet
In golf croquet, a hoop is won by the first ball to go through each hoop. Unlike association croquet, there are no additional turns for hitting other balls. Each player takes a stroke in turn, each trying to hit a ball through the same hoop. The sequence of play is blue, red, black, yellow. Blue and black balls play against red and yellow. When a hoop is won, the sequence of play continues as before. The winner of the game is the player/team who wins the most hoops. Golf croquet is the fastest-growing version of the game, owing largely to

Croquet
non-poison ball that roquets a poison ball has the normal options. A poison ball that hits a stake or passes through any wicket (possibly by the action of a non-poison player) is eliminated. The last person remaining is the winner. This version of the game was invented by John Riches of Adelaide, Australia with help from Tom Armstrong in the 1980s. The game can be played by up to six people and is very easy to learn. For this reason it is often used as a stepping stone to association croquet. Ricochet has similar rules to association and garden croquet,

Piquet
upper classes in Britain between the 17th and early 20th centuries. Piquet is played with a 32-card deck, normally referred to as a ""piquet deck"". The deck comprises the 7s through to 10s, the face cards, and the aces in each suit, and can be created by removing all 2–6 values from a 52-card poker deck. Each game consists of a ""partie"" of six deals (""partie"" meaning match in French). The player scoring the most points wins (see the scoring section for further details). The player who cuts the higher card has to deal, and the dealer has the choice

Croquet
on croquet, was an event at the 1904 Summer Olympics. As with similar words with a French derivation, the final 't' is silent. British pronunciation puts the accent on the first syllable, American on the second: versus . Association croquet is the name of an advanced game of croquet, played at international level. It involves four balls teamed in pairs, with both balls going through every hoop for one pair to win. The game's distinguishing feature is the ""croquet"" shot: when certain balls hit other balls, extra shots are allowed. The six hoops are arranged three at each end of

Croquet
to be viciously competitive. This may derive from the fact that (unlike in golf) players will often attempt to move their opponents' balls to unfavourable positions. However, purely negative play is rarely a winning strategy: successful players (in all versions other than golf croquet) will use all four balls to set up a break for themselves, rather than simply making the game as difficult as possible for their opponents. At championship-standard association croquet, players can often make all 26 points (13 for each ball) in two turns. Croquet was an event at the 1900 Summer Olympics. Roque, an American variation

Piquet
three or four of a kind, ten or greater (7s, 8s, and 9s don't count, and aces are highest). Sets of three are called ""trios"" or ""brelans"" and are worth 3 points, and sets of four, ""quatorzes"" (""cat-orz""), are worth 14 points. The declarations take place in the same manner as ""point"" and ""sequence"", with elder stating his best set (for example, ""Three kings""), to which younger replies ""Good"" or ""Not good"". The player with the best set may declare any additional sets that he has if desired. A variation is sometimes played in which 20 points are received if

"Crud (game)"
the table. All six pockets are in play. This form of the game is played with great success by the Princeton University Band. The game has also spread throughout the University under the name ""Balls"" and may be played with two opponents (singles), three opponents in free-for-all (triples) or with two teams of two (doubles). If the game is played in doubles, the teams are diagonal players, who usually remain stationary. Games play up to 11 points (win by 2) assessed to an entire team instead of lives assessed to individual players. In singles or doubles, a team scores a

who was the captain of the mayflower which brought the pilgrims to plymouth

Mayflower
Mayflower The Mayflower was an English ship that transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England, to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. The ship has become a cultural icon in the history of the United States. The Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact prior to leaving the ship and establishing Plymouth Colony, a document which established a rudimentary form of democracy with each member contributing to the welfare of the community. There was a second ship

Squanto
Squanto Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years?) – late November 1622 O.S.), more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto (), was a member of the Patuxet tribe best known for being an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the ""Mayflower"" Pilgrims who made their settlement at the site of Squanto's former summer village. The Patuxet tribe lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, where in 1614 Squanto was kidnapped by English explorer Thomas Hunt. Hunt brought Squanto to Spain, where he was sold into slavery. Squanto escaped, eventually returning to North America in

"Edward Winslow"
Edward Winslow Edward Winslow (18 October 15958 May 1655) was a Separatist who traveled on the ""Mayflower"" in 1620. He was one of several senior leaders on the ship and also later at Plymouth Colony. Both Edward Winslow and his brother, Gilbert Winslow signed the Mayflower Compact. In Plymouth he served in a number of governmental positions such as assistant governor, three times was governor and also was the colony's agent in London. In early 1621 he had been one of several key leaders on whom Governor Bradford depended after the death of John Carver. He was the author of

Mayflower
to build a replica of the ship at Harwich, England. Mayflower The Mayflower was an English ship that transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England, to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. The ship has become a cultural icon in the history of the United States. The Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact prior to leaving the ship and establishing Plymouth Colony, a document which established a rudimentary form of democracy with each member contributing to

"Plymouth Colony"
Captain Reynolds for ""Speedwell"" and Captain Christopher Jones for ""Mayflower"". Other passengers joined the group in Southampton, including William Brewster, who had been in hiding for the better part of a year, and a group of people known to the Leiden congregation as ""The Strangers."" This group was largely made up of people recruited by the Merchant Adventurers to provide practical assistance to the colony and additional hands to work for the colony's ventures. The term was also used for many of the indentured servants. Among the Strangers were Myles Standish, who was the colony's military leader; Christopher Martin, who

celebrated by the 53 surviving Pilgrims, along with Massasoit and 90 of his men. Three contemporaneous accounts of the event survive: ""Of Plymouth Plantation"" by William Bradford; ""Mourt's Relation"" probably written by Edward Winslow; and ""New England's Memorial"" by Plymouth Colony Secretary (and Bradford's nephew) Capt. Nathaniel Morton. The celebration lasted three days and featured a feast that included numerous types of waterfowl, wild turkeys and fish procured by the colonists, and five deer brought by the Native Americans. After the departure of Massasoit and his men, Squanto remained in Plymouth to teach the Pilgrims how to survive in New

of John Billington, the Pilgrims learned of troubles that Massasoit was experiencing. Massasoit, Squanto, and several other Wampanoags had been captured by Corbitant, sachem of the Narragansett tribe. A party of ten men under the leadership of Myles Standish set out to find and execute Corbitant. While hunting for Corbitant, they learned that Squanto had escaped and Massasoit was back in power. Several Native Americans had been injured by Standish and his men and were offered medical attention in Plymouth. They had failed to capture Corbitant, but the show of force by Standish had garnered respect for the Pilgrims and,

"Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)"
Pilgrims signing for the 102 passengers (73 males and 29 females). Included in the company were 19 male servants and three female servants, along with some sailors and craftsmen hired for short-term service to the colony. At this time, John Carver was chosen as the colony's first governor. It was Carver who had chartered the ""Mayflower"" and his is the first signature on the Mayflower Compact, being the most respected and affluent member of the group. The Mayflower Compact was the seed of American democracy and has been called the world's first written constitution. Thorough exploration of the area was

delayed for more than two weeks because the shallop or pinnace (a smaller sailing vessel) which they brought had been partially dismantled to fit aboard the ""Mayflower"" and was further damaged in transit. Small parties, however, waded to the beach to fetch firewood and attend to long-deferred personal hygiene. Exploratory parties were undertaken while awaiting the shallop, led by Myles Standish (an English soldier whom the colonists had met while in Leiden) and Christopher Jones. They encountered an old European-built house and iron kettle, left behind by some ship's crew, and a few recently cultivated fields, showing corn stubble. They

"John Howland"
John Howland John Howland (1592/3February 23, 1672/3) was a passenger on the ""Mayflower"". He was an indentured servant and, in later years, the executive assistant and personal secretary to Governor John Carver and accompanied the Separatists and other passengers when they left England to settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts. He signed the Mayflower Compact and helped found Plymouth Colony. During his service to Governor Carver, Howland assisted in notable early business of the colony, such as the making of a treaty with the Native American Sachem Massasoit of the Wampanoag."" John Carver, the first governor of the Plymouth Colony, died in

"Stranger Things"
season of nine episodes, to be released in 2017. The Duffer Brothers revealed that the series had been renewed for a second season before the first premiered. Regarding the decision to wait more than a month after the first season premiered to announce the renewal, Matt Duffer said, ""it actually ended up working because it had built up to this fever pitch. I guess that's what [Netflix] were intending to do all the time."" The Duffer Brothers wrote the second season to make the combined first and second season feel like a complete work, but setting elements in place to

12. The first season consisted of eight one-hour-long episodes which were released worldwide on Netflix on July 15, 2016, in Ultra HD 4K. The second season, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017 in HDR. A teaser for the second season, which also announced the release date, aired during Super Bowl LI. The third season will once again consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. Regarding the lengthy hiatus between the second and third seasons, Netflix programming executive Cindy Holland noted ""[the Duffer Brothers and Shawn Levy] understand the stakes are high.

season, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix ordered a third season, which began production in April 2018 and will consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. The Duffer Brothers have said that ""Stranger Things"" is likely to end after its fourth or fifth season. The series has received 31 Emmy Award nominations, including for Outstanding Drama Series, four Golden Globe Award nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016. ""Stranger Things"" is set in the

and Dixon, consists of 34 songs and was released by Lakeshore Records in the United States and Invada Records internationally. The soundtrack was released on physical formats, such as compact disc, vinyl, and cassette as well. On the soundtrack's composition, Stein and Dixon together said that the score for the season introduces ""new styles of composition, while still revisiting old themes when appropriate ... We've created new elements that are necessary to support the story, but still want to remain true to the sound of Season 1."" The first track from the soundtrack, ""Walkin' in Hawkins"", was released on October

Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements portrayed with childlike sensibilities. They established its time frame in the 1980s and created a homage to the pop culture of that decade. Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg, John Carpenter, and Stephen King, among others, including several films, anime and video games. The first season of eight episodes premiered on Netflix on July 15, 2016. It received critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, soundtrack, directing, writing, and homages to 1980s genre films. The second

in and around the Atlanta, Georgia area. The brothers, who grew up in North Carolina, found many places that reminded them of their own childhoods in that area, and felt the area would work well with the narrative shift to the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta, Georgia, with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes. Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National

cinematic story"" with that many episodes. Eight episodes allowed them to give time to characterization in addition to narrative development; if they had less time available, they would have had to remain committed to telling a horror film as soon as the monster was introduced and abandon the characterization. Within the eight episodes, the brothers aimed to make the first season ""feel like a big movie"" with all the major plot lines completed so that ""the audience feels satisfied"", but left enough unresolved to indicate ""there's a bigger mythology, and there's a lot of dangling threads at the end"", something

and subsequent scripts incorporated aspects from these actors. The brothers said Modine provided significant input on the character of Dr. Brenner, whom they had not really fleshed out before as they considered him the hardest character to write for given his limited appearances within the narrative. In October 2016, it was announced that Schnapp and Keery had been promoted to the main cast for the second season, after each recurring in the first season, and that Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery would join the main cast as Max and Billy, respectively. Ryder, Harbour, Wolfhard, Brown, Matarazzo, McLaughlin, Dyer and Heaton

also return for the season. Sean Astin as Bob Newby and Paul Reiser as Sam Owens are also part of the main cast in the season. Sean Astin's character, Bob, was originally meant to be a smaller role, but Astin performed his role so well the Duffer Brothers ended up having Bob be a major character, as well as giving him a heroic death. For Owens, the Duffer Brothers had referred to the character in their pitch to Netflix for the season as ""Paul Reiser"", and specifically alluded to Reiser's character Burke in ""Aliens"", with Ross referencing James Cameron's casting

new roles include Cary Elwes as the ""handsome, slick, and sleazy"" Mayor Kline, and Jake Busey as Bruce, a reporter for the local newspaper, described as having ""questionable morals and a sick sense of humor"". For the third season, it was reported that the several of the cast members would be receiving pay raises. Ryder and Harbour were receiving an increase to $350,000 an episode from $150,000 and $80,000 respectively; Wolfhard, Matarazzo, McLaughlin, and Schnapp were receiving a pay increase to $200,000 an episodes and possibly around $250,000, a significant increase from the reported $20,000 they made in season one

what is the number of basic units in the international system of units

"International System of Units"
International System of Units The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French "") is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement built on seven base units, which are the ampere, kelvin, second, metre, kilogram, candela, mole, and a set of twenty prefixes to the unit names and unit symbols that may be used when specifying multiples and fractions of the units. The system also specifies names for 22 derived units, such as lumen and watt, for other common physical quantities.

"SI base unit"
SI base unit The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The SI base units and their physical quantities are the meter for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin for temperature, the candela for luminous intensity, and the mole for amount of substance. The SI base units form a set of mutually independent dimensions as required by dimensional analysis commonly employed in science and technology. The names and symbols of SI base

rules as they are now known was laid down. These rules were subsequently extended and now cover unit symbols and names, prefix symbols and names, how quantity symbols should be written and used and how the values of quantities should be expressed. In 1960, the 11th CGPM synthesised the results of the 12-year study into a set of 16 resolutions. The system was named the ""International System of Units"", abbreviated SI from the French name, . International System of Units The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French "") is the modern form of the metric system, and

referenced to the values of the fundamental constants, namely the Planck constant (""h""), the electron charge (""e""), the Boltzmann constant (""k""), and the Avogadro constant (""N""). This approach was approved in 2018, only after measurements of these constants were achieved with sufficient accuracy. SI base unit The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The SI base units and their physical quantities are the meter for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin

"International System of Quantities"
International System of Quantities The International System of Quantities (ISQ) is a system based on seven base quantities: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity. Other quantities such as area, pressure, and electrical resistance are derived from these base quantities by clear, non-contradictory equations. The ISQ defines the quantities that are measured with the SI units and also includes many other quantities in modern science and technology. The ISQ is defined in the international standard ISO/IEC 80000, and was finalised in 2009 with the publication of ISO 80000-1. The 14 parts of ISO/IEC 80000

"Base unit (measurement)"
In the International System of Units, there are seven base units: kilogram, metre, candela, second, ampere, kelvin, and mole. There are other relationships between physical quantities that can be expressed by means of fundamental constants, and to some extent it is an arbitrary decision whether to retain the fundamental constant as a quantity with dimensions or simply to define it as unity or a fixed dimensionless number, and reduce the number of explicit fundamental constants by one. For instance, time and distance are related to each other by the speed of light, ""c"", which is a fundamental constant. It is

and the lack of coordination between the various disciplines that used them. The General Conference on Weights and Measures (French: "" – CGPM), which was established by the Metre Convention of 1875, brought together many international organisations to establish the definitions and standards of a new system and standardise the rules for writing and presenting measurements. The system was published in 1960 as a result of an initiative that began in 1948. It is based on the metre–kilogram–second system of units (MKS) rather than any variant of the CGS. Since then, the SI has been adopted by all countries except

and American spellings for certain SI units differ – British English, as well as Australian, Canadian and New Zealand English, uses the spelling ""deca-"", ""metre"", and ""litre"" whereas American English uses the spelling ""deka-"", ""meter"", and ""liter"", respectively. Although the writing of unit names is language-specific, the writing of unit symbols and the values of quantities is consistent across all languages and therefore the SI Brochure has specific rules in respect of writing them. The guideline produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) clarifies language-specific areas in respect of American English that were left open by the

Metre Convention was extended to include all physical units, including the ampere and others thereby enabling the CGPM to address inconsistencies in the way that the metric system had been used. A set of 30 prototypes of the metre and 40 prototypes of the kilogram, in each case made of a 90% platinum-10% iridium alloy, were manufactured by British metallurgy specialty firm and accepted by the CGPM in 1889. One of each was selected at random to become the International prototype metre and International prototype kilogram that replaced the ""mètre des Archives"" and ""kilogramme des Archives"" respectively. Each member state

The base units are derived from invariant constants of nature, such as the speed of light in vacuum and the triple point of water, which can be observed and measured with great accuracy, and one physical artefact. The artefact is the international prototype kilogram, certified in 1889, and consisting of a cylinder of platinum-iridium, which nominally has the same mass as one litre of water at the freezing point. Its stability has been a matter of significant concern, culminating in a revision of the definition of the base units entirely in terms of constants of nature, scheduled to be put

"Richard Yates (politician, born 1815)"
Richard Yates (politician, born 1815) Richard Yates (January 18, 1815 – November 27, 1873) was the Governor of Illinois during the American Civil War and has been considered one of the most effective war governors. He also represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives, 1851–1855 and as a U.S. Senator, 1865–1871. Yates was born in Warsaw, Kentucky. His family was of English descent and moved to Illinois in 1831. He studied at Miami University and Georgetown College and graduated from Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1835. He then studied law at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. He

"Ninian Edwards"
Ninian Edwards Ninian Edwards (March 17, 1775July 20, 1833) was a founding political figure of the state of Illinois. He served as the only governor of the Illinois Territory from 1809 to 1818, as one of the first two United States Senators from Illinois from 1818 to 1824, and as the third Governor of Illinois from 1826 to 1830. In a time and place where personal coalitions were more influential than parties, Edwards led one of the two main factions in frontier Illinois politics. Born in Maryland, Edwards began his political career in Kentucky, where he served as a legislator

"James Shields (politician, born 1806)"
James Shields (politician, born 1806) James Shields (May 10, 1806June 1, 1879) was an Irish American Democratic politician and United States Army officer, who is the only person in U.S. history to serve as a Senator for three different states. Shields represented Illinois from 1849 to 1855, in the 31st, 32nd, and 33rd Congresses, Minnesota from 1858 to 1859, in the 35th Congress, and Missouri in 1879, in the 45th Congress. Born and initially educated in Ireland, Shields emigrated to the America in 1826. He was briefly a sailor, and spent time in Quebec, before settling in Kaskaskia, Illinois, where

"John Black (U.S. senator)"
John Black (U.S. senator) John Black (August 11, 1800 – August 29, 1854) was a politician from the U.S. state of Mississippi, most notably serving in the United States Senate as a Whig from 1832 to 1838. Black was born in Massachusetts, and became a teacher. He then moved to Louisiana, where he practiced law. After moving to Mississippi, he was elected a judge in 1826, eventually being elected to the Mississippi Supreme Court. In 1832, Governor Charles Lynch appointed him as a Jacksonian, the forerunner of the modern Democratic Party, to fill the vacancy left by Powhatan Ellis. He

"Thomas Hart Benton (politician)"
Thomas Hart Benton (politician) Thomas Hart Benton (March 14, 1782April 10, 1858), nicknamed ""Old Bullion"", was a United States Senator from Missouri. A member of the Democratic Party, he was an architect and champion of westward expansion by the United States, a cause that became known as Manifest Destiny. Benton served in the Senate from 1821 to 1851, becoming the first member of that body to serve five terms. Benton was born in Harts Mill, North Carolina. After graduating from the University of North Carolina, he established a law practice and plantation near Nashville, Tennessee. He served as an aide

"George Wallace Jones"
George Wallace Jones George Wallace Jones (April 12, 1804 – July 22, 1896), a frontiersman, entrepreneur, attorney, and judge, was among the first two United States Senators to represent the state of Iowa after it was admitted to the Union in 1846. A Democrat who was elected before the birth of the Republican Party, Jones served over ten years in the Senate, from December 7, 1848 to March 3, 1859. During the American Civil War, he was arrested by Federal authorities and briefly jailed on suspicion of having pro-Confederate sympathies. Jones was born in Vincennes, Indiana. He was the son

"Abraham Lincoln"
his second run for office, Lincoln served four successive terms in the Illinois House of Representatives as a Whig representative from Sangamon County. He supported the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which he remained involved with later as a Canal Commissioner. In the 1835–36 legislative session, he voted to expand suffrage to white males, whether landowners or not. He was known for his ""free soil"" stance of opposing both slavery and abolitionism. He first articulated this in 1837, saying, ""[The] Institution of slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, but the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends

"Thomas Ford (politician)"
Thomas Ford (politician) Thomas Ford (December 5, 1800 – November 3, 1850) was a lawyer, judge, author and the eighth Governor of Illinois. The first Illinois governor to be raised in the state, and known for his integrity, he served from 1842 to 1846 and became known for restoring the state's solvency and reducing geographic sectionalism, as well as for leading the legislature despite his small and slight stature and lack of prior political experience. A lifelong Democrat, Ford is also remembered for anti-Mormon sentiments and vacillation which led to the death of Joseph Smith, and subsequent Illinois Mormon War

"Augustus Octavius Bacon"
Augustus Octavius Bacon Augustus Octavius Bacon (October 20, 1839February 14, 1914) was a U.S. politician. He served as a Democratic Party U.S. Senator from Georgia, and rose to the position of president pro tempore of the United States Senate. Controversy arose during the American Civil Rights Movement over a provision in his will that created a racially segregated park in his hometown of Macon, which led to two U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Augustus Octavius Bacon was born in Bryan County, Georgia. He graduated in 1859 from the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia, and from the University of Georgia

The convention platform asserted that Congress had the right to regulate slavery in the territories and called for the immediate admission of Kansas as a free state. Lincoln gave the final speech of the convention, in which he endorsed the party platform and called for the preservation of the Union. At the June 1856 Republican National Convention, Lincoln received significant support on the vice presidential ballot, though the party nominated a ticket of John C. Frémont and William Dayton. Lincoln strongly supported the Republican ticket, campaigning for the party throughout Illinois. The Democrats nominated former Ambassador James Buchanan, who had

Texas
spread out amongst the state. Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any other state by 95 (Georgia). In contrast to the cities, unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty. The office of the Texas Attorney General stated, in 2011, that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias. Hidalgo County, as of 2011, has the largest number of colonias. Texas has the largest number of people of all states, living in colonias. The most common accent or dialect spoken by natives throughout Texas is sometimes

Texas
than a million: , , , and . The Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas number about 6.3 million and 5.7 million residents, respectively. Three interstate highways—I-35 to the west (Dallas–Fort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Urban Triangle region. The region of contains most of the state's largest cities and metropolitan areas as well as 17 million people, nearly 75 percent of Texas's total population. Houston and Dallas have been recognized as beta world cities. These cities are

"Demographics of Texas"
Demographics of Texas Texas is the second most populous U.S. state, with an estimated 2017 population of 28.449 million. In recent decades, it has experienced strong population growth. Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas, along with many towns and rural areas. Much of the population is in the major cities of Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin, and El Paso. The 2010 US Census recorded Texas as having a population of 25.1 million—an increase of 4.3 million since the year 2000, involving an increase in population in all three subcategories of population growth: natural increase (births minus

Texas
largest city in the United States, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is larger than Houston. As of the 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, the population of the state was 27,469,114; non-Hispanic whites 11,505,371 (41.9%); Black Americans 3,171,043 (11.5%); other races 1,793,580 (6.5%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 10,999,120 (40.0%). According to the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of Texas was the following: In addition, 37.6 percent of the population are Hispanic or Latino (of any race) As of 2011, 69.8% of the population of Texas younger than age 1 were minorities (meaning they had at least

but not all Texans share this view of Christian religious doctrine. Austin, the state capital, is perceived as a more secular and liberal community. Other religious groups in Texas include Jewish Texans. Most of the state's estimated 128,000 Jews live in or around Dallas and Houston. Six Texas cities have populations greater than 500,000, including the two global cities of Dallas and Houston. Texas has 25 metropolitan areas, with four having populations over 1 million and two over 6 million. Texas also has 3 of the 10 cities in the U.S. with populations greater than 1 million, and is tied

Texas
population growth by 20.6 percent, but Hispanics growth by 65 percent, whereas non-Hispanic whites only grew by 4.2 percent. Texas has the fifth highest rate of teenage births in the nation and a plurality of these are to Hispanics. The state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. These three rank among the 10 most populous cities of the United States. As of 2010, six Texas cities had populations greater than 600,000 people. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 20 largest U.S. cities. Texas has four metropolitan areas with populations greater

Texas
East and South Texas. Texas has 254 counties— the most nationwide. Each county runs on Commissioners' Court system consisting of four elected commissioners (one from each of four precincts in the county, roughly divided according to population) and a county judge elected at large from the entire county. County government runs similar to a ""weak"" mayor-council system; the county judge has no veto authority, but votes along with the other commissioners. Although Texas permits cities and counties to enter ""interlocal agreements"" to share services, the state does not allow consolidated city-county governments, nor does it have metropolitan governments. Counties are

Texas
States since the 1980 Grand Prix at Watkins Glen International—, as well as Grand Prix motorcycle racing, FIA World Endurance Championship and United SportsCar Championship races. State government U.S. Government Texas Texas (, ; or ""Tejas"" ) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the South Central region of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest,

Texas
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA has encouraged the formation of controversial maquiladoras on the Texas–Mexico border. The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of Texas was 27,469,114 on July 1, 2015, a 9.24 percent increase since the 2010 United States Census. As of 2004, the state had 3.5 million foreign-born residents (15.6 percent of the state population), of which an estimated 1.2 million are illegal immigrants. Texas from 2000 to 2006 had the fastest growing illegal immigration rate in the nation. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 6.0 percent of the population. This was the fifth highest

Texas
Texas Texas (, ; or ""Tejas"" ) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the South Central region of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast. Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second-most

"Conquest of the Planet of the Apes"
references to the racial conflicts in North America during the early 1970s, and Thompson further highlighted by shooting some scenes in a manner similar to a news broadcast. The primary location was Century City, Los Angeles, that had previously been part of the 20th Century Fox backlot and translated well the bleak future with monochromatic buildings in a sterile ultramodern style. Also used as a shooting location was the University of California, Irvine, in Orange County. In addition, TV producer Irwin Allen contributed props and clothes to the film: he let the makers of 'Conquest' borrow his Seaview jumpsuits from

"Planet of the Apes (1968 film)"
J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced—and therefore less expensive to depict—than that of the original novel. Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final ""closed"" cost was $5.8 million. The film was released on February 8, 1968, in the United States and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million. The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and

who designed prosthetic make up in the film, held training sessions at 20th Century-Fox studios, where he mentored other make-up artists of the film. Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding

beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore. Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible, so cast, crew, film equipment, and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter. The home movies of Roddy McDowall (on YouTube) show makeup, the Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the

"Planet of the Apes (2001 film)"
pump in extra water. The film was mostly shot at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, while other filming locations included lava plains in Hawaii and Trona Pinnacles at Ridgecrest. To preserve secrecy, the shooting script did not include the ending. Stan Winston was the original makeup designer but left because of creative differences. Fox considered using computer-generated imagery to create the apes, but Burton insisted on using prosthetic makeup designed by Rick Baker. Baker was previously involved with Adam Rifkin's unproduced remake. Burton commented, ""I have a relationship with both of them [Winston and Baker], so that decision

Paul Giamatti's character ""was supposed to turn into a good guy. There was supposed to be this touching personal growth thing at the end,"" Giamatti reflected. ""But Tim [Burton] and I both thought that was kind of lame so we decided to just leave him as a jerk into the end."" Burton wanted to begin filming in October 2000, but it was pushed back to November 6, 2000 and ended in April 2001. Filming for ""Planet of the Apes"" began at Lake Powell, where parts of the original film were shot. Due to a local drought, production crews had to

"Beneath the Planet of the Apes"
release, the producers were considering ideas for another sequel. Production began in February 1969. The sequel, now titled ""Beneath the Planet of the Apes"", had its budget reduced from $5 million to $2.5 million because Fox had suffered recently from several underperforming big-budget films, like ""Star!"", ""Hello, Dolly!"" and ""Tora! Tora! Tora!"" Nonetheless, the studio expected the film to return Fox to profitability. Heston's parts were filmed in just eight days. The sets of the mutants' council chamber and the temple of the bomb were redresses of the Grand Central – 42nd Street station and hotel lobby sets from the

"War for the Planet of the Apes"
Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting. In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film. It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice, while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes. Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title ""Hidden Fortress"". Filming was expected to take place

"Linda Harrison (actress)"
of her. Most pleasant, most charming, very cooperative, very hard-working. She was always there half an hour before her call and she always stayed on for a half hour just in case. Interested in everything that went on, and was a total joy. I couldn't ask for a more cooperative actor."" ""Planet of the Apes"" commenced filming on May 21, 1967 and ended August 10, 1967. The first scenes were shot on locations near Page, Arizona. Horseshoe Bend on the Colorado River stood in for the Forbidden Zone, through which Taylor, Zira, Cornelius, and Harrison's Nova fled after escaping from

there until early March 2016. Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February. In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions. As with ""Rise"" and ""Dawn"", the visual effects for ""War"" were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI. At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, ""One of the

"Find Out Who Your Friends Are"
week. ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"" also replaced Emerson Drive's ""Moments"" at Number One, marking the first time since 1950 that two artists on independently distributed labels reached Number One back-to-back on the singles chart. In addition, Lawrence became the first artist to reach Number One with the first release from a self-owned record label. Lawrence's album ""For the Love"" features two versions of the song: one version sung by Lawrence himself, and a remixed version featuring guest vocals from country music artists Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney, both of whom are friends of Lawrence's. Only the solo version

"Tracy Lawrence"
and Now"" a bad listen."" In 2006, Lawrence started his own record label, Rocky Comfort Records, in partnership with his brother Laney. The first act signed to the label besides Lawrence himself was Chad Brock. Lawrence's first single for the label was ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"", which was released in August 2006 from the studio album ""For the Love"". The song initially lingered below the Top 40 of the Hot Country Songs charts, but following the album's release, it gained in radio interest due to the album containing as a bonus track an alternate version with Tim McGraw

and Kenny Chesney on guest vocals. Thanks to the success of the alternate version, ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"" became a number 1 single on that chart in 2007. The song reached that position in its 41st week on the chart, setting a new record at the time for the slowest ascent to the top of the country charts, and the second-slowest on any ""Billboard"" chart. The re-recorded version received Musical Event of the Year honors at the 2007 Country Music Association (CMA) Awards, Lawrence's first award from that association. Following this song were ""Til I Was a Daddy

""For the Love"", radio stations began to play an alternate version of the song which featured guest vocals from Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney, thus helping to boost the song to Number One on both the ""Billboard"" and ""Mediabase"" country singles charts. Upon reaching Number One in June 2007, ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"" set a new record for the slowest-climbing Number One single in the history of the ""Billboard"" country music chart, as well as the second-slowest climbing on any ""Billboard"" singles chart. In addition, it became Lawrence's first ""Billboard"" Number One since 1996's ""Time Marches On"", ten

Find Out Who Your Friends Are ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Ed Hill, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was the lead-off single for his album ""For the Love"", which was released in early 2007 on Rocky Comfort Records, a label which Lawrence owns. The song was originally released to radio stations on August 21, 2006, ahead of its album release on January 30, 2007. The single did not enter the Top 40 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart until January 2007. After the release of

in the video. The video is directed by Flick Wiltshire. Find Out Who Your Friends Are ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Ed Hill, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was the lead-off single for his album ""For the Love"", which was released in early 2007 on Rocky Comfort Records, a label which Lawrence owns. The song was originally released to radio stations on August 21, 2006, ahead of its album release on January 30, 2007. The single did not enter the Top 40 on the ""Billboard"" Hot

was released to radio as a single; however, upon the release of Lawrence's album, several radio stations began playing the version with McGraw and Chesney's vocals instead. (Both versions were counted as one song when the singles charts were tabulated.) The week before the single reached Number One, Sony BMG (the parent company of BNA Records, the label to which Chesney was signed at the time) e-mailed a cease-and-desist order to several radio stations that were monitored by ""Billboard"", demanding that these stations cease playing the version featuring McGraw and Chesney's vocals. According to the letter, which was written by

"Kenny Chesney"
Lookin' (with Clint Black, Alan Jackson, Toby Keith, and George Strait), and a second song ""License To Chill"". Both songs are on Buffett's 2004 album ""License To Chill"". Chesney, along with Tim McGraw, contributed to a version of Tracy Lawrence's single ""Find Out Who Your Friends Are"", which can be found on his album ""For the Love"". The official single version, only featuring Lawrence's vocals, was released in August 2006 but did not reach the Top 40 on the country charts until January 2007, when 'the album was released. After the album's release, the version with him, Chesney, and McGraw

"Jessica Folcker"
Jessica Folcker Jessica Folcker (born 9 July 1975) is a Swedish singer, better known by her mononym Jessica. Her debut album ""Jessica"" in 1998 used her mononym, whereas follow up album ""Dino"" credited Jessica Folker. Her following albums ""På svenska"" in 2005 and ""Skin Close"" in 2007 have used her full name Jessica Folcker. She is best known for her two international hits ""Tell Me What You Like"" and ""How Will I Know (Who You Are)"" both in 1998 and for ""(Crack It) Something Going On"" that featured her vocals and was a big hit for Bomfunk MC's in 2002.

singles as well. Another cut from the album, ""Paris, Tennessee"", was also recorded by co-writer Dennis Robbins on his 1992 album ""Man with a Plan"", and by Kenny Chesney on his 1995 album ""All I Need to Know"". Musicians on the album included Bruce Bouton, Mark Casstevens, and Milton Sledge of Garth Brooks' studio band The G-Men, along with session musicians Brent Rowan and Glenn Worf. James Stroud produced the album, and played drums on the track ""Between Us"". ""Sticks and Stones"" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million copies. The

"180th meridian"
180th meridian The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the Prime Meridian, with which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. It is common to both east longitude and west longitude. It mostly passes through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, but passes across land in Russia, Fiji and Antarctica. This meridian is used as the basis for the International Date Line, but the latter deviates from it to maintain date consistency within the territories of Russia, USA, Kiribati, Fiji and New Zealand. Starting at

"Prime meridian"
Prime meridian A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. A prime meridian is ultimately arbitrary, unlike an equator, which is determined by the axis of rotation—and various conventions have been used

Longitude
the location of a place on Earth east or west of the Prime Meridian. Each degree of longitude is sub-divided into 60 minutes, each of which is divided into 60 seconds. A longitude is thus specified in sexagesimal notation as 23° 27′ 30″ E. For higher precision, the seconds are specified with a decimal fraction. An alternative representation uses degrees and minutes, where parts of a minute are expressed in decimal notation with a fraction, thus: 23° 27.5′ E. Degrees may also be expressed as a decimal fraction: 23.45833° E. For calculations, the angular measure may be converted to radians,

planetographic systems have been defined: Prime meridian A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. A prime meridian is ultimately arbitrary, unlike an equator, which is determined by the axis of rotation—and

Longitude
and −180° westward. Specifically, it is the angle between a plane through the Prime Meridian and a plane through both poles and the location in question. (This forms a right-handed coordinate system with the -axis (right hand thumb) pointing from the Earth's center toward the North Pole and the -axis (right hand index finger) extending from the Earth's center through the Equator at the Prime Meridian.) A location's north–south position along a meridian is given by its latitude, which is approximately the angle between the local vertical and the equatorial plane. If the Earth were perfectly spherical and radially homogeneous,

Equator
is derived from medieval Latin word ""aequator"", in the phrase ""circulus aequator diei et noctis,"" meaning ‘circle equalizing day and night’, from the Latin word ""aequare"" meaning ‘make equal’. The latitude of the Earth's equator is, by definition, 0° (zero degrees) of arc. The Equator is one of the five notable circles of latitude on Earth; the other four are both polar circles (the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle) and both tropical circles (the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). The Equator is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle — that is,

Longitude
those points (unless on the equator, where these are equal); the difference is less than . A geographical mile is defined to be the length of one minute of arc along the equator (one equatorial minute of longitude), therefore a degree of longitude along the equator is exactly 60 geographical miles or 111.3 kilometers, as there are 60 minutes in a degree. The length of 1 minute of longitude along the equator is 1 geographical mile or , while the length of 1 second of it is 0.016 geographical mile or . Planetary co-ordinate systems are defined relative to their

ideal International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). A current convention on the Earth uses the opposite of the IRM as the basis for the International Date Line. On Earth, starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through: As on the Earth, prime meridians must be arbitrarily defined. Often a landmark such as a crater is used; other times a prime meridian is defined by reference to another celestial object, or by magnetic fields. The prime meridians of the following

"Meridian (geography)"
side of the earth from Greenwich, the antimeridian, forms the other half of a circle with the one through Greenwich, and is at 180° longitude near the International Date Line (with land mass and island deviations for boundary reasons). The meridians from West of Greenwich (0°) to the antimeridian (180°) define the Western Hemisphere and the meridians from East of Greenwich (0°) to the antimeridian (180°) define the Eastern Hemisphere. Most maps show the lines of longitude. The position of the prime meridian has changed a few times throughout history, mainly due to the transit observatory being built next door

Longitude
Longitude Longitude (, ), is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ). Meridians (lines running from pole to pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of 0° longitude. The longitude of other places is measured as the angle east or west from the Prime Meridian, ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward

who was the 19th c. artist who was both painter and graphic designer

"Winslow Homer"
Winslow Homer Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator. He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific oeuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1836, Homer was

"John Frederick Kensett"
in the collection. The first complete biography and factual study of Kensett's work was written by Ellen H. Johnson, published in 1957. John Frederick Kensett John Frederick Kensett (March 22, 1816 – December 14, 1872) was an American artist and engraver. A member of the second generation of the Hudson River School of artists, Kensett's signature works are landscape paintings of New England and New York State, whose clear light and serene surfaces celebrate transcendental qualities of nature, and are associated with Luminism. Kensett's early work owed much to the influence of Thomas Cole, but was from the outset distinguished

John Frederick Kensett John Frederick Kensett (March 22, 1816 – December 14, 1872) was an American artist and engraver. A member of the second generation of the Hudson River School of artists, Kensett's signature works are landscape paintings of New England and New York State, whose clear light and serene surfaces celebrate transcendental qualities of nature, and are associated with Luminism. Kensett's early work owed much to the influence of Thomas Cole, but was from the outset distinguished by a preference for cooler colors and an interest in less dramatic topography, favoring restraint in both palette and composition. The work

"John William Hill"
Hood Museum of Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. John William Hill John William Hill or often J.W. Hill (January 13, 1812 – September 24, 1879) was a British born American artist working in watercolor, gouache, lithography, and engraving. Hill's work focused primarily upon natural subjects including landscapes, still lifes, and ornithological and zoological subjects. In the 1850s, influenced by John Ruskin and Hill's association with American followers of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, his attention turned from technical illustration toward still life and landscape. Hill was the son of British aquatint engraver John Hill. He emigrated with his parents from

"Francisco Goya"
Francisco Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and throughout his long career was a commentator and chronicler of his era. Immensely successful in his lifetime, Goya is often referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. He was also one of the great contemporary portraitists. He was born to a modest family in 1746 in the village of Fuendetodos

"Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot"
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (; July 16, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (Camille Corot for short) was born in Paris on July 16, 1796, in a house at 125 Rue du Bac, now demolished. His family were bourgeois people—his father was a wigmaker and his mother a milliner—and unlike the experience of some of his artistic colleagues, throughout his life

"J. M. W. Turner"
J. M. W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known as J. M. W. Turner and contemporarily as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colourisations, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14,

1882 in the village of Cullercoats, Tyne and Wear, his paintings depicting shores and coastal landscapes changed. Many of the paintings from the English coast have as subjects working men and women from the area. Winslow Homer Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator. He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized

"Peter Paul Rubens"
Peter Paul Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout

"John Trumbull"
that the Founding Fathers look as if standing patiently in a line, saying that ""the reality is messier and richer."" John Trumbull John Trumbull (; June 6, 1756November 10, 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings. He has been called The Painter of the Revolution. Trumbull's ""Declaration of Independence"" (1817), one of his four paintings which hang in the United States Capitol Rotunda, was used on the reverse of the commemorative bicentennial two-dollar bill. Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1756, to Jonathan Trumbull and his

"Nobel Prize in Literature"
Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature () is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ""in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"" (original Swedish: ""den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning""). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone,

of prizes for those who confer the ""greatest benefit on mankind"" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish ""kronor"" (US$198 million, €176 million in 2016), to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes. Due to the level of scepticism surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that the Storting (Norwegian Parliament) approved it.

"Nobel Prize"
A group including 42 Swedish writers, artists, and literary critics protested against this decision, having expected Leo Tolstoy to be awarded. Some, including Burton Feldman, have criticised this prize because they consider Prudhomme a mediocre poet. Feldman's explanation is that most of the Academy members preferred Victorian literature and thus selected a Victorian poet. The first Physiology or Medicine Prize went to the German physiologist and microbiologist Emil von Behring. During the 1890s, von Behring developed an antitoxin to treat diphtheria, which until then was causing thousands of deaths each year. The first Nobel Peace Prize went to the Swiss

was decreased—beginning with a nominal value of in 1901 (worth 8,123,951 in 2011 SEK) the nominal value has been as low as (2,370,660 in 2011 SEK) in 1945—but it has been uphill or stable since then, peaking at an SEK-2011 value of 11,659,016 in 2001. The laureate is also invited to give a lecture during ""Nobel Week"" in Stockholm; the highlight is the prize-giving ceremony and banquet on 10 December. It is the richest literary prize in the world by a large margin. The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902, are

The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes. The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June. The Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should be awarded. In 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created statutes were

Mark Twain were rejected in favor of authors little read today. During World War I and its immediate aftermath, the committee adopted a policy of neutrality, favouring writers from non-combatant countries. August Strindberg was repeatedly bypassed by the committee, but holds the singular distinction of being awarded an Anti-Nobel Prize, conferred by popular acclaim and national subscription and presented to him in 1912 by future prime minister Hjalmar Branting. James Joyce wrote the books that rank 1st and 3rd on the Modern Library 100 Best Novels – ""Ulysses"" and ""Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"" – but Joyce

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize (, ; Swedish definite form, singular: ""Nobelpriset""; ) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances. The will of the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel established the five Nobel prizes in 1895. The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901. In 1968, Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, established the ""Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel"", which, although not being a Nobel Prize, has become informally known as

of the gesture. He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1904, to be shared with the Provençal writer Frédéric Mistral, in recognition of their contributions to literature in non-official languages. Political pressure from Spain's central government having made this prize impossible, it was eventually awarded to Mistral and to the Spanish language playwright José Echegaray. The choice of Selma Lagerlöf (Sweden 1858–1940) as Nobel Laureate in 1909 (for the 'lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterizes her writings') followed fierce debate because of her writing style and subject matter, which broke literary decorums of the time.

Norwegian Nobel Committee to award the Peace Prize, the members of whom were appointed shortly after the will was approved in April 1897. Soon thereafter, the other prize-awarding organizations were designated. These were Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June. The Nobel Foundation reached an agreement on guidelines for how the prizes should be awarded; and, in 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created statutes were promulgated by King Oscar II. In 1905, the personal union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved. According to his will and

Scandinavian lecture tour suggesting that Hammarskjöld was, like Auden, homosexual. In 1962, John Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. The selection was heavily criticized, and described as ""one of the Academy's biggest mistakes"" in one Swedish newspaper. ""The New York Times"" asked why the Nobel committee gave the award to an author whose ""limited talent is, in his best books, watered down by tenth-rate philosophising"", adding, ""we think it interesting that the laurel was not awarded to a writer ... whose significance, influence and sheer body of work had already made a more profound impression on the literature of

"Godzilla (2014 film)"
film in the fall of 2012. It was reported that Henry Cavill, Scoot McNairy, and Caleb Landry Jones comprised the shortlist for lead of the film. On January 10, it was first reported that Legendary Pictures was interested in Aaron Taylor-Johnson for the lead role. It was reported that Bryan Cranston and Elizabeth Olsen were also in talks to co-star. Olsen confirmed her involvement at the 2013 BAFTA awards. Juliette Binoche and David Strathairn were then signed on to join Taylor-Johnson, Cranston and Olsen in the film. In January 2013, Mary Parent joined the project as a producer for Disruption

"Jeff Doucette"
the lifetime achievement award of the International Student Film Festival Hollywood (ISFFH) He also played the main antagonist in the Bollywood film ""Hisss"", and played the role of the panicky bladder in the Disney World attraction Cranium Command. Jeff Doucette Jeff Doucette (born November 25, 1947) is an American television and film actor. Doucette has appeared in over 92 films and television series which include ""Splash"", ""All The Way"", ""The Dentist 2"", ""Desperate Housewives"", ""Weird Science"", and ""Newhart"". He has been used as a voice actor in a number of animated movies. Doucette grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the

"Choh Hao Li"
Choh Hao Li Choh Hao Li (sometimes ""Cho Hao Li"") (; April 21, 1913 – November 28, 1987) was a Chinese-born U.S. biochemist who discovered, in 1966, that human pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin) consists of a chain of 256 amino acids. In 1970 he succeeded in synthesizing this hormone, the largest protein molecule synthesized up to that time. Li was born in Guangzhou and educated at the Nanjing University. In 1935 he immigrated to the US, where he took up postgraduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley and later joined the staff. He became professor in 1950. In 1955

"Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah"
who commanded the Japanese soldiers on Lagos Island, confirms that the dinosaur did indeed exist. Meanwhile, a UFO lands on Mount Fuji. When the Japanese army investigates, they are greeted by Wilson (Chuck Wilson), Grenchiko (Richard Berger), Emmy Kano (Anna Nakagawa) and an android, M-11 (Robert Scott Field). The visitors, known as the ""Futurians"", explain that they are humans from the year 2204, where Godzilla has completely destroyed Japan. The Futurians plan to travel back in time to 1944 and remove the dinosaur from Lagos Island before the island is irradiated in 1954, thus preventing the mutation of the creature

"Droid (film)"
dresses in Nazi regalia. The Droid were created as servants, and Taylor has one, Rochester (played by Kevin James, in a very close approximation of Daniel's speech patterns). Taylor, who was once the best Eliminator but more than anything wants to get back with his ex-wife, Nicola, is blackmailed into attempting to steal a digital decoder to shut down Azteca's forces. Much of Taylor's time, however, is spent at a club watching various sexual couplings featuring adult film stars such as Herschel Savage, Bunny Bleu (as Tammy Dorsey, who masturbates with a trombone), Candie Evans, Tom Byron, Keisha, and Kristara

"Igor (film)"
however, who serves the somewhat tedious-minded Doctor Glickenstein (John Cleese), is a talented inventor who aspires to be an Evil Scientist himself. Among his inventions are his friends Scamper (Steve Buscemi), a re-animated, immortal and suicidal rabbit and Brain (Sean Hayes), an unintelligent robot with a human brain transplanted into a life support jar. When the malfunctioning invention explodes and decimates Glickenstein, Igor seizes his chance. With Brain and Scamper's help he assembles a huge and monstrous being from human remains (Molly Shannon). It first seems his experiment failed but seconds later, the creature disappears. He soon finds her sitting

"Zilla (TriStar Godzilla)"
played by an actor in a rubber-latex full-body suit. Based on the instructions Emmerich gave him, Tatopoulos reimagined it as a lean, digitigrade bipedal iguana that stood with its back and tail parallel to the ground, rendered via computer animation. The monster's distinctive facial features include a prominent lantern jaw, inspired by the fictional tiger Shere Khan from Disney's animated adaptation of ""The Jungle Book"". TriStar's Godzilla color scheme was designed to reflect and blend in with the urban environment. At one point, it was planned to use motion capture to create the movements of the computer-generated monster, but it

in charge of the project to study it. Believing it is just a wild beast, Strickland treats it brutally, repeatedly shocking it with his electric cattle prod. Curious about the creature, Elisa discovers it is a male humanoid amphibian (Doug Jones). She begins visiting him in secret and the two form a close bond as she teaches him sign language. Seeking to exploit the Amphibian Man for an American advantage in the space race, General Frank Hoyt (Nick Searcy) is eventually persuaded by Strickland to vivisect it. One scientist, Robert Hoffstetler (Michael Stuhlbarg) - who is really a Soviet spy

"Timon and Pumbaa"
was portrayed by Tom Alan Robbins in the original cast of the Broadway musical. In the upcoming live-action remake, the characters will be portrayed by Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen respectively. Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella first came to audition for the roles of the hyenas, but when the producers saw how well they worked together they decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa. Lyricist Tim Rice however was pulling for Rik Mayall (for Timon) and Adrian Edmondson (for Pumbaa) to play the roles, as he got the idea for the lyrics to ""Hakuna Matata"" by watching their show

"Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)"
role"" in the MonsterVerse. In July 2017, Elizabeth Ludlow was added to the cast. In April 2018, Jason Liles, Alan Maxson, and Richard Dorton were cast to provide the performance capture for the heads of King Ghidorah, with Dorton performing the left head, Liles performing the middle head, and Maxson performing the right head. Other actors will perform the body. Liles also provided the performance capture for Rodan. Principal photography began on June 19, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia under the working title ""Fathom"". Dougherty confirmed that the film would feature practical effects and creature designs by Tom Woodruff, Jr. A

"Harry Potter (film series)"
the Wizarding and Muggle worlds. The rights for the first four novels in the series were sold to Warner Bros. for £1,000,000 by J.K. Rowling. After the release of the fourth book in July 2000, the first film, ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", was released on 16 November 2001. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $90 million in the United States alone, which set a record opening worldwide. The succeeding three motion picture adaptations followed suit in financial success, while garnering positive reviews from fans and critics. The fifth film, ""Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"",

Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the ""Harry Potter"" novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" (2001) and culminating with ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" (2011). A spin-off prequel series that will consist of five films started with ""Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them"" (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert

Gilliam, Jonathan Demme, and Alan Parker were considered, Chris Columbus was appointed on 28 March 2000 as the director for ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" (titled """"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone"""" in the United States), with Warner Bros. citing his work on other family films such as ""Home Alone"" and ""Mrs. Doubtfire"" and proven experience with directing children as influences for their decision. After extensive casting, filming began in October 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and in London itself, with production ending in July 2001. ""Philosopher's Stone"" was released on 14 November 2001. Just three days after the

for ""Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire"", released on 18 November 2005. Newell became the first British director of the series, with television director David Yates following suit after he was chosen to helm ""Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"". Production began in January 2006 and the film was released the following year in July 2007. After executives were ""really delighted"" with his work on the film, Yates was selected to direct ""Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"", which was released on 15 July 2009. In March 2008, Warner Bros. President and COO Alan F. Horn announced

Years of Film Scores. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1997 novel of the same name. The film is the first instalment in the long-running ""Harry Potter"" film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he

Mike Newell in collecting the Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema on behalf of all the films in the series. Actors Rupert Grint and Emma Watson, who play main characters Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, were also in attendance. A new series consisting of five films, beginning with ""Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them"", will take place before the main series. The first film was released on 18 November 2016 and the next two are due to be released in 2018 and 2020. Rowling wrote the screenplay for the first instalment, marking her first foray into

produce the film. Rowling received a large amount of creative control for the film, an arrangement that Columbus did not mind. Warner Bros. had initially planned to release the first film over the 4 July 2001 weekend, making for such a short production window that several of the originally proposed directors had withdrawn themselves from contention. Eventually, due to time constraints, the date was put back to 16 November 2001. In 2000, after a seven-month search, lead actor Daniel Radcliffe was discovered by producer David Heyman and writer Steve Kloves seated just behind them in a theatre. In Heyman's own

film's release, production for ""Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"", also directed by Columbus, began. Filming was completed in summer 2002, with the film being released on 15 November 2002. Daniel Radcliffe portrayed Harry Potter, doing so for all succeeding films in the franchise. Columbus declined to direct ""Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban"", only acting as producer. Mexican director Alfonso Cuarón took over the job, and after shooting in 2003, the film was released on 4 June 2004. Due to the fourth film beginning its production before the third's release, Mike Newell was chosen as the director

the above-mentioned interview with Heyman, added that the casting of the three major roles ""is especially impressive in hindsight. The trio's selection was arguably one of the best show-business decisions over the past decade... they have shown admirable grace and steadiness in the face of teen superstardom."" Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming ""Harry Potter"", and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner

"Milky Way"
star. Although the disk contains dust that obscures the view in some wavelengths, the halo component does not. Active star formation takes place in the disk (especially in the spiral arms, which represent areas of high density), but does not take place in the halo, as there is little gas cool enough to collapse into stars. Open clusters are also located primarily in the disk. Discoveries in the early 21st century have added dimension to the knowledge of the Milky Way's structure. With the discovery that the disk of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) extends much further than previously thought, the

"Star formation"
form clouds, or ""diffuse nebulae"", where star formation takes place. In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within roughly a billion years, which hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through mergers with other galaxies. In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. Observations indicate that the coldest clouds tend to form low-mass stars, observed first in the infrared inside the clouds, then in visible light at their surface when the clouds dissipate, while

was spinning relatively quickly. Due to conservation of angular momentum, this led the gaseous interstellar medium to collapse from a roughly spheroidal shape to a disk. Therefore, later generations of stars formed in this spiral disk. Most younger stars, including the Sun, are observed to be in the disk. Since the first stars began to form, the Milky Way has grown through both galaxy mergers (particularly early in the Milky Way's growth) and accretion of gas directly from the Galactic halo. The Milky Way is currently accreting material from several small galaxies, including two of its largest satellite galaxies, the

must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, stellar remnants, and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10 to 10 particles per cm and is typically composed of roughly 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium has been chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime. Higher density regions of the interstellar medium

through some other means. The dust within the cloud becomes heated to temperatures of , and these particles radiate at wavelengths in the far infrared where the cloud is transparent. Thus the dust mediates the further collapse of the cloud. During the collapse, the density of the cloud increases towards the center and thus the middle region becomes optically opaque first. This occurs when the density is about . A core region, called the First Hydrostatic Core, forms where the collapse is essentially halted. It continues to increase in temperature as determined by the virial theorem. The gas falling toward

giant molecular clouds, which are generally warmer, produce stars of all masses. These giant molecular clouds have typical densities of 100 particles per cm, diameters of , masses of up to 6 million solar masses (), and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds and in the Milky Way there are an estimated 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than . The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula, away. However, lower mass star formation is occurring about

of gas and dust. The stars in the innermost 10,000 light-years form a bulge and one or more bars that radiate from the bulge. The galactic center is an intense radio source known as Sagittarius A*, likely a supermassive black hole of 4.100 (± 0.034) million solar masses. Stars and gases at a wide range of distances from the Galactic Center orbit at approximately 220 kilometers per second. The constant rotation speed contradicts the laws of Keplerian dynamics and suggests that much of the mass of the Milky Way is invisible to our telescopes, neither emitting nor absorbing electromagnetic radiation.

Galaxy lie in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the ""green valley"", a region populated by galaxies in transition from the ""blue cloud"" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the ""red sequence"" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar medium. In simulated galaxies with similar properties, star formation will typically have been extinguished within about five billion years from now, even accounting for the expected, short-term increase in the rate of star formation due to the collision between both the Milky

called the bulge. It has been proposed that the Milky Way lacks a bulge formed due to a collision and merger between previous galaxies, and that instead it only has a ""pseudobulge"" formed by its central bar. However, confusion in the literature between the (peanut shell)-shaped structure created by instabilities in the bar, versus a possible bulge with an expected half-light radius of 0.5 kpc, abound. The Galactic Center is marked by an intense radio source named Sagittarius A* (pronounced Sagittarius A-star). The motion of material around the center indicates that Sagittarius A* harbors a massive, compact object. This concentration

their original abundance, a technique called nucleocosmochronology. These yield values of about for CS 31082-001 and for BD +17° 3248. Once a white dwarf is formed, it begins to undergo radiative cooling and the surface temperature steadily drops. By measuring the temperatures of the coolest of these white dwarfs and comparing them to their expected initial temperature, an age estimate can be made. With this technique, the age of the globular cluster M4 was estimated as . Age estimates of the oldest of these clusters gives a best fit estimate of 12.6 billion years, and a 95% confidence upper limit

"The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)"
""a large sign advertising the name of Mr. Belfort's real motivational speaking company"", and a positive depiction of Belfort uttering ""variants of the same falsehoods he trained others to use against his victims"". The film was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director for Scorsese, Best Adapted Screenplay for Winter, Best Actor for DiCaprio, and Best Supporting Actor for Hill. It was also nominated for four BAFTAs, including Best Director, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay, and two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. DiCaprio won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor

for Scorsese's direction, the comedic performance of DiCaprio and the fast-paced and consistent humor. The film was nominated for several awards including five nominations at the 86th Academy Awards ceremony: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor nominations for DiCaprio and Hill, respectively. The film did not win in any category, although DiCaprio did win Best Actor – Musical or Comedy at the 71st Golden Globe Awards, where the film was also nominated for Best Picture – Musical or Comedy. It was also recognized by numerous other awards ceremonies, as

a penny stock trader. In 2007, Leonardo DiCaprio/Warner Bros. won a bidding war against Brad Pitt/Paramount Pictures for the rights to Jordan Belfort's memoir ""The Wolf of Wall Street"", and Martin Scorsese was considered to direct the film. During pre-production, Scorsese worked on the film's script before working on ""Shutter Island"". He describes having ""wasted five months of [his] life"" without getting a green light on production dates by the Warner Bros. studio. Jordan Belfort made $1 million on the movie rights. In 2010, Warner Bros. had offered Ridley Scott to direct the film, with Leonardo DiCaprio playing the male

The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film) The Wolf of Wall Street is a 2013 American biographical black comedy crime film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Terence Winter, based on the memoir of the same name by Jordan Belfort. It recounts Belfort's perspective on his career as a stockbroker in New York City and how his firm Stratton Oakmont engaged in rampant corruption and fraud on Wall Street that ultimately led to his downfall. Leonardo DiCaprio (who was also a producer) stars as Belfort, with Jonah Hill as his business partner and friend Donnie Azoff, Margot Robbie as

"Wall Street (1987 film)"
Lawrence Wildman, meanwhile, was modeled on the prominent British financier and corporate raider Sir James Goldsmith. Originally, the studio wanted Warren Beatty to play Gekko, but he was not interested; Stone, meanwhile, wanted Richard Gere, but Gere passed on the role. The film was well received among major film critics. Douglas won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and the film has come to be seen as the archetypal portrayal of 1980s success, with Douglas' character declaring that ""greed is good."" It has also proven influential in inspiring people to work on Wall Street, with Sheen, Douglas, and Stone commenting

Robert Opel ran across the stage naked while flashing a peace sign with his hand. In response, host David Niven jokingly quipped, ""The only laugh that man will ever get in his life is by stripping off and showing his shortcomings."" In 2001, this incident was voted as the most memorable Oscar moment in history, coming in first over Marlon Brando's 1972 boycott of the 45th Academy Awards, in which he nominated Sacheen Littlefeather to explain why he would not be coming to collect his Oscar for ""The Godfather"". These films had multiple nominations: The following films received multiple awards.

"Stratton Oakmont"
securities industry, with a history of ""obvious disregard for all rules of fair practice."" In 1999, Belfort and Porush were indicted for securities fraud and money laundering. They pleaded guilty and admitted that for seven years they operated a scheme in which they manipulated the stock of at least 34 companies. As part of their plea deal, they received less prison time, and cooperated with prosecutors in their investigations of other brokerage houses. The 2013 film ""The Wolf of Wall Street"" is a drama based on the memoirs of Jordan Belfort, directed by Martin Scorsese. Leonardo DiCaprio stars as Belfort

"27th Academy Awards"
27th Academy Awards The 27th Academy Awards honored the best films released in 1954. The Best Picture winner, ""On the Waterfront"", was produced by Sam Spiegel and directed by Elia Kazan. It had twelve nominations and eight wins, matching two other films, ""Gone with the Wind"" (1939) and ""From Here to Eternity"" (1953), though those each had thirteen nominations. ""On the Waterfront"" was the third film to receive five acting nominations, and the first to receive three in the Best Supporting Actor category. A ""rematch"" occurred in the category of Best Actor between Marlon Brando and Humphrey Bogart following Bogart's

"81st Academy Awards"
a purported list of winners was posted online. The list, which bore a purported signature from Academy president Sid Ganis, stated that Mickey Rourke won for Best Actor, Kate Winslet won for Best Actress, Amy Adams won for Best Supporting Actress, Heath Ledger won for Best Supporting Actor, and ""Slumdog Millionaire"" won for Best Picture. AMPAS spokeswoman Leslie Unger later revealed that the list was ""a complete fraud"", and that PricewaterhouseCoopers had just begun to count the ballots. The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Television critic Robert Bianco of

review for ""The Globe and Mail"", Jay Scott praised the performances of the two leads: ""But Douglas's portrayal of Gordon Gekko is an oily triumph and as the kid Gekko thinks he has found in Fox ('Poor, smart and hungry; no feelings'), Charlie Sheen evolves persuasively from gung-ho capitalist child to wily adolescent corporate raider to morally appalled adult"". Rita Kempley in the ""Washington Post"" wrote that the film ""is at its weakest when it preaches visually or verbally. Stone doesn't trust the time-honored story line, supplementing the obvious moral with plenty of soapboxery"". Michael Douglas won the Academy Award

"National Assembly of Pakistan"
to any matter under its consideration and may hear expert evidence and hold public hearing. The composition of the National Assembly is specified in Article 51 of the Constitution of Pakistan. There are a total of 342 seats in the National Assembly. Of these, 272 are filled by direct elections. In addition, the Pakistani Constitution reserves 10 seats for religious minorities and 60 seats for women, to be filled by proportional representation among parties with more than 5% of the vote. As of 2006, there are 72 women members in the Assembly. Members of the National Assembly are elected by

Pakistan's ideology or worked against the integrity of the country, after its establishment in 1947. The National Assembly has a total of 342 members, including 60 seats reserved for women and 10 for minorities, as per Article 51 . The seats in the National Assembly are allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and the Federal Capital on the basis of population, as officially published in the last preceding census. The present allocation of seats is as under: The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one person, one

National Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan () is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 137 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members

Assembly consists of 342 members. The Constitution does not empower the President to dissolve the National Assembly. The Senate is not subject to dissolution. Only the Parliament can amend the Constitution, by two-thirds majority vote separately in each House. The Constitution of Pakistan lists a number of requirements for members of the National Assembly in Article 62. The constitution also details a number of disqualifications in Article 63, which include mental instability, insolvency, criminal conviction and accepting dual-citizenship or relinquishing their Pakistani nationality, among others. Furthermore, an individual would stand disqualified if he or she is found to have opposed

Accounts Committee has a special role to review the report of the Auditor General. Senate, the upper house of the Parliament, has equal representation from the federating units balancing the provincial inequality in the National Assembly, where the number of members is based on population of the provinces. The Senate's role is to promote national cohesion and harmony, and work as a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate numbers a total of 104 members who serve six-year terms which are alternated so that half the senators are up for re-election by the electoral college every three years. The National

"Parliament of Pakistan"
organ and a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate consists of 104 members, of whom 14 members are elected by each Provincial Assembly, 8 members are elected from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs) by the Members of National Assembly from these areas, 2 members, 1 woman and 1 Technocrat is elected from the Federal Capital by the Members of National Assembly, 4 women and 4 Technocrats are elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly. And 1 Non - Muslim Member is selected from each Province. The breakup of seats allocated to each Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs),

the Member dies or resigns. The tenure of the National Assembly also comes to an end if dissolved on the advice of the Prime Minister or by the president in his discretion under the Constitution. The Parliament meets at the Parliament House building in Islamabad, where debating chambers for both houses are present. Until 1960, the Parliament House was located in Karachi. Qaumi Assembly (English: National Assembly of Pakistan) is the lower house of the parliament. The National Assembly has 342 seats, 272 of which are directly elected, 60 are reserved for women and a further 10 for religious minorities.

seven seats were added to the general seats and ten to the reserved seats for women in the National Assembly. Ten seats were exclusively reserved for minorities to be filled through separate electorate system. Thus the total strength of the lower house reached to 237 members. Similarly the size of the Senate was also increased from 63 to 87 members. Under the 1973 Constitution the National Assembly is elected for five years term, unless sooner dissolved. The seats in National Assembly, unlike the Senate, are allocated to each province and other units of the federation, on the basis of population.

well as Chairman Senate are not available). The current Speaker and Deputy Speaker are Asad Qaiser (PTI) and Qasim Suri (PTI), respectively. The life of National Assembly is divided into sessions. It had to meet for 130 days before the First Amendment passed on 8 May 1974 in the constitution of 1973. According to this Amendment, maximum duration between successive sessions was reduced to 90 days from 130 days, and there must be at least three sessions in a year. A session of the National Assembly is summoned by the President of Pakistan under Article 54(1) of the Constitution. In

who were directly responsible to him. The electoral system was made indirect, and the `Basic Democrats', for both wings were declared Electoral College for the purpose of electing the assemblies and the president. Basic democrats were 80,000 in number (40,000 from each East and West Pakistan). The total membership of the National Assembly was 156, one half of whom were to be elected from East Pakistan and other half from West Pakistan, also three seats were reserved for women from each province. The term of this Assembly was three years. The norm was established that if the president was from

"Bob's your uncle"
Bob's your uncle ...And Bob's your uncle means ""and there it is"" or ""and there you have it."" It is commonly used in United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries. Typically, someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression ""et voilà!"" ""Bob's your uncle"" is an exclamation that is used when ""everything is all right"" and the simple means of obtaining the successful result is explained. For example: ""left over right; right over left, and Bob's your uncle – a reef knot."" Sometimes the

The following are some examples: The phrase is used by characters in numerous works of arts, entertainment and media. The following are examples: Bob's your uncle ...And Bob's your uncle means ""and there it is"" or ""and there you have it."" It is commonly used in United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries. Typically, someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression ""et voilà!"" ""Bob's your uncle"" is an exclamation that is used when ""everything is all right"" and the simple means of obtaining

"Bob (given name)"
include people associated with the various football codes, which include gridiron football, association football (soccer), rugby league, rugby union, Gaelic football, and Australian rules football. Bob (given name) Bob is a male given name or a hypocorism, usually of Robert. It is most common in English speaking countries such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. It most likely originated from the hypocorism Rob, short for Robert. Rhyming names were popular in the Middle Ages, so ""Richard"" became ""Rick"", ""Hick"", or ""Dick"", ""William"" became ""Will"", ""Gill"", or ""Bill"", and ""Robert"" became ""Rob"", ""Hob"", ""Dob"",

phrase is followed with ""and Nellie's your aunt"" or ""and Fanny's your aunt."" It is sometimes elaborately phrased ""Robert is your mother's brother"" or similar for comic effect. The origins are uncertain, but a common theory is that the expression arose after Conservative Prime Minister Robert ""Bob"" Cecil appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1887, an act which was apparently both surprising and unpopular. Whatever other qualifications Balfour might have had, ""Bob's your uncle"" was seen as the conclusive one. Numerous works of arts, entertainment and media use the phrase as a title or name.

"Say Uncle"
as a proverbial example of a safeword. There are several theories on the phrase's origin. One theory is that it derives from a phrase uttered by youngsters in the Roman empire who got into trouble, ""patrue mi patruissime"" (“uncle, my best of uncles”). It may also be based on a joke from 19th-century England about a bullied parrot being coaxed to address his owner's uncle. ""Uncle"" may derive from the Irish ""anacol,"" meaning mercy or quarter, but there is no strong evidence to support this conjecture. There is a common analog in the Arabian Peninsula, the expression """" (gol aami),

Bob (given name) Bob is a male given name or a hypocorism, usually of Robert. It is most common in English speaking countries such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. It most likely originated from the hypocorism Rob, short for Robert. Rhyming names were popular in the Middle Ages, so ""Richard"" became ""Rick"", ""Hick"", or ""Dick"", ""William"" became ""Will"", ""Gill"", or ""Bill"", and ""Robert"" became ""Rob"", ""Hob"", ""Dob"", ""Nob"", or ""Bob"". In 1960 nearly 3,000 babies in the United States were given the name Bob compared to fewer than 50 in 2000. Below

"Bum steer"
Bum steer To give a bum steer is a predominantly Australian, New Zealand and North American idiom that means to provide information, intentionally or unintentionally, that is incorrect, was unhelpful, or caused one to be led astray. The phrase is not generally regarded as pejorative. The idiom, as used in Australia and New Zealand, reached the United States in the 1920s probably after exposure to Australian troops on the Western Front during World War I, and is recorded in the UK since 1944. Its origin is possibly from 19th century American maritime humour and the difficulty of trying to steer

"D'oh!"
D'oh! ""D'oh!"" () is a catchphrase used by the fictional character Homer Simpson, from the longest running American scripted primetime television series, ""The Simpsons,"" an animated sitcom (1989–present). It is typically used when Homer injures himself, realizes that he has done something stupid, or when something bad has happened or is about to happen to him. All his prominent blood relations—son Bart, daughters Lisa and Maggie, his father, his mother and half-brother—have also been heard to use it themselves in similar circumstances. On a few occasions Homer's wife Marge and even non-related characters such as Mr. Burns and Sideshow Bob

Uncle
The American national personification Uncle Sam serves as an allegorical fatherly figure to many Americans. Various children's TV hosts have used ""uncle"" as their nickname, including Walt Disney (""Uncle Walt""), Bob Davidse (""Nonkel Bob"", literally ""Uncle Bob""), Edwin Rutten (who hosted a children's show named ""De Show van Ome Willem"" (""The Show of Uncle Willem""). The Dutch poet Ome Ko also used ""uncle"" as part of his pseudonym. Rich, wise or otherwise eccentric uncles are also popular in works of fiction. Vernon Dursley a.k.a ""Uncle Vernon"" The uncle in-law of the protagonist of ""Harry Potter"" by ""J. K. Rowling"" Uncle

Howdy
a question mark. Punctuating ""Howdy"" commonly follows these rules: (i) If ""Howdy"" is used as a complete sentence, it's followed by an exclamation mark. (ii) If ""Howdy"" is the first word in a sentence, it's followed by a comma. In the rural Southwestern United States, ""Howdy"" is a colloquial contraction of the formal greeting of ""How do you do?"", and as such is considered a formal and acceptable greeting for residents of that region of the world. ""Howdy"" is also the official greeting of Texas A&M University, though the two are not always automatically associated. The word became recently popular

"Incudomalleolar joint"
Incudomalleolar joint Incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies. When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the

ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint. Incudostapedial joint Incudomalleolar joint Incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of

"Incudostapedial joint"
the moment is very limited and is usually only of springy character. All of the ossicles move as a unit. The incudostapedial joint lies between the long leg (long crus or crus longum incudis) and the head of the stapes (caput stapedis). When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the malleus and then to the incus via the incudomalleolar joint. The long leg (long crus or crus longum incudis) moves with the rest of the incus and a small knob, the lenticular process, articulates with the head of the

Incudostapedial joint Incudostapedial joint or articulatio incudostapedia is a small synovial joint between the incus (anvil) and the stapes (stirrup). Synovial joints are of different types depending upon the anatomy of the joint and the movement it allows. Thus, accordingly the incudostapedial joint is a ball and socket type of synovial joint. Incudmoalleolar joint is glinding type of synovial joint. The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. The ossicular systems helps in matching the impedance the sound waves suffer, hence maintaining the intensity. Contrary to other synovial joints

"Sternoclavicular joint"
Sternoclavicular joint The sternoclavicular joint or sternoclavicular articulation is the joint between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle bone. It is structurally classed as a synovial saddle joint and functionally classed as a diarthrosis and multiaxial joint. It is composed of two portions separated by an articular disc of fibrocartilage. The bone areas entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the sternum, (the clavicular notch), and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much

"Intercarpal joints"
Intercarpal joints The intercarpal joints (joints of the carpal bones of the wrist) can be subdivided into three sets of joints (also called ""articulations""): Those of the proximal row of carpal bones, those of the distal row of carpal bones, and those of the two rows with each other. The bones in each carpal row interlock with each other and each row can therefore be considered a single joint. In the proximal row a limited degree of mobility is possible, but the bones of the distal row are connected to each other and to the metacarpal bones by strong ligaments

stapes. The stapes then transfers the vibration to oval window. The lenticular process of the incus participates in joint formation. It is this lenticular process of the bone which is the first to sustain assault and incur damage whenever any ear pathology develops ( acute suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, etc). Incudomalleolar joint Incudostapedial joint Incudostapedial joint or articulatio incudostapedia is a small synovial joint between the incus (anvil) and the stapes (stirrup). Synovial joints are of different types depending upon the anatomy of the joint and the movement it allows. Thus, accordingly the incudostapedial joint is a ball and socket

"Shoulder joint"
Shoulder joint The shoulder joint (or glenohumeral joint from Greek ""glene"", eyeball, + -""oid"", 'form of', + Latin ""humerus"", shoulder) is structurally classified as a synovial ball and socket joint and functionally as a diarthrosis and multiaxial joint. It involves articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). Due to the very loose joint capsule that gives a limited interface of the humerus and scapula, it is the most mobile joint of the human body. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and the

"Acromioclavicular joint"
Acromioclavicular joint The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. It is the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. It is a plane synovial joint. The joint is stabilized by three ligaments: Superior Acromioclavicular Ligament This ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion. It is composed of parallel fibers, which interlace

impingement. Acromioclavicular joint The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. It is the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. It is a plane synovial joint. The joint is stabilized by three ligaments: Superior Acromioclavicular Ligament This ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion. It is composed of parallel fibers, which

"Via Dolorosa"
Via Dolorosa The Via Dolorosa (Latin for ""Way of Grief,"" ""Way of Sorrow,"" ""Way of Suffering"" or simply ""Painful Way""; Hebrew: ויה דולורוזה; ) is a processional route in the Old City of Jerusalem, believed to be the path that Jesus walked on the way to his crucifixion. The winding route from the Antonia Fortress west to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre—a distance of about 600 metres (2,000 feet)—is a celebrated place of Christian pilgrimage. The current route has been established since the 18th century, replacing various earlier versions. It is today marked by nine Stations of the Cross;

"Heroes Tunnel"
Heroes Tunnel Heroes Tunnel (formerly West Rock Tunnel) is a , twin-tube tunnel carrying Route 15 (Wilbur Cross Parkway) through West Rock Ridge in New Haven, Connecticut. Opened in 1949, it was said to be the only vehicular tunnel ""to pass beneath a land feature"" in Connecticut and all of New England. However, this statement is not accurate as there are other vehicular tunnels in New England. Originally named for the mountain through which it passes, the tunnel was renamed Heroes Tunnel in 2003 to honor ""heroes of all kinds"" in the post-September 11 era. A sign is posted on

"Salah al-Din Road"
Salah al-Din Road Salah al-Din Road (also known as the Salah ad-Deen Highway) is the main highway of the Gaza Strip and extends over 45 kilometers, spanning the entire length of the territory from the Rafah Crossing in the south to the Erez Crossing in the north. The road is named after the 12th-century Muslim general Salah al-Din. The Salah al-Din Road is one of the oldest roads in the world. The armies of Ancient Egypt, Alexander the Great, the first Crusaders and Napoleon Bonaparte all traveled on it in their attempts to conquer the Levant. During at least the

"Ontario Highway 401"
the Highway of Heroes, as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner's office in Toronto. On September 27, 2013, the Highway of Heroes designation was extended west to Keele Street in Toronto, to coincide with the move of the coroner's office to the new Forensic Services and Coroner's Complex at the Humber River Hospital. In 2011, construction began on a westward extension called the ""Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway"". This new route follows but does not replace, the former Highway 3 between the former end of the freeway and

"Caminito del Rey"
of the chase Paul Lucas is run down by a train in a tunnel that is also part of the Park complex. Some of the final scenes of the 1965 film ""Von Ryan's Express"" were shot at the confluence of the gateway and the railway. In the film, they stand for the Italian-Swiss border. An extended sequence in the 2012 Spanish thriller The End was filmed on the Caminito. Caminito del Rey El Caminito del Rey (The King's Little Path) is a walkway, pinned along the steep walls of a narrow gorge in ""El Chorro"", near Ardales in the province

"Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail"
raided and/or burned by the British, battles and engagements, museums, and forts. It was authorized by the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008. Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail is a National Historic Trail that commemorates the Chesapeake Campaign of the War of 1812. The 290-mile (467 km) trail was named after ""The Star-Spangled Banner,"" the national anthem of the United States. Consisting of water and overland routes, the trail extends from Tangier Island, Virginia, through southern Maryland, the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay, and Baltimore, Maryland. The trail also contains sites on Maryland's

"U.S. Route 301"
the site where John Wilkes Booth was killed in 1865. Booth had met Confederate soldiers at Port Royal, Virginia, also on US 301, foremost among them Captain William S. Jett, who was later captured at Bowling Green, Virginia. It crosses the James River in Richmond on the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge, and the Appomattox River between Colonial Heights and Petersburg on the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Bridge. It also crosses the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia on the Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge. Concurrent with U.S. Route 50 from Bowie to Queenstown, with unsigned Interstate 595 from

"The Road of Kings"
Conan during his buccaneering days. After being sentenced to death for a duel in the turbulent kingdom of Zingara, he escapes and joins a group of rebels who plan to overthrow their tyrannical king. When the divided leadership foolishly turns to a wizard for aid, their cause becomes complicated by sorcery rooted in the lost kingdom of Acheron, and the result is not freedom but despotism. Conan helps in overthrowing the new regime. However, when he's given an opportunity to take the throne for himself, Conan uncharacteristically turns down the offer. Reviewer Don D'Ammassa calls the book ""[q]uite good."" Roy

"National Heroes Park"
not until 2001 that a plan was formally announced. The initial plan called for four phases of construction and a total project cost of $25 million, but delays in work have increased the estimated final cost has to $259 million. The plan calls for the division of the park into four zones: an amphitheatre for formal and cultural activities, a nature area with shade trees, an outdoor activity and recreation area with tracks and playgrounds, and a combined administrative and sports complex. As of 2009, only the first phase of construction has been completed, with most work to this point

"Churchill–Roosevelt Highway"
Churchill–Roosevelt Highway The Churchill–Roosevelt Highway is the major east–west highway on Trinidad island in Trinidad and Tobago. It runs for from Barataria in the west (where it joins the Beetham Highway) to Wallerfield in the east (south of Arima) where it ends in the former US Army base on Fort Read. It crosses the north–south Uriah Butler Highway (UBH) at Valsayn. Constructed during World War II to connect the US Army base with Port of Spain, the highway was named for the two wartime leaders, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Construction began in December 1941 and was completed in

"Plagues of Egypt"
Plagues of Egypt The Plagues of Egypt (), also called the ten plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people. The plagues served to contrast the power of the God of Israel with the Egyptian gods, invalidating them. Some commentators

chorus with fast scurrying runs in the violins. Plagues of Egypt The Plagues of Egypt (), also called the ten plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people. The plagues served to contrast the power of the God of Israel

exclusive covenant with the Israelites on the basis of this miraculous deliverance. The Ten Commandments encapsulate the terms of this covenant. Joshua, the successor to Moses, reminds the people of their deliverance through the plagues. According to 1 Samuel, the Philistines also knew of the plagues and feared their author. Later, the psalmist sang of these events. The Torah also relates God's instructions to Moses that the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt must be celebrated yearly on the holiday of Passover (""Pesaḥ"" פסח); the rituals observed on Passover recall the events surrounding the exodus from Egypt. The month of

"Ten Martyrs"
set aflame. See also Midrash Eleh Ezkerah. The rabbis mentioned lived over a period of several hundred years and their stories are presented as a plot by Romans and others to weaken Jews by destroying Jewish leadership. In the story, the Roman emperor Hadrian decides to martyr 10 rabbis as 'punishment' for the 10 brothers listed in the Torah who sold their brother Joseph to Ancient Egypt (Genesis 37). He justifies this by saying that the penalty for this was death. (According to Jewish law, one who kidnaps his fellow Jew and sells him into slavery is punished with death.

"Nine diseases"
Nine diseases In Finnish mythology, the Nine diseases are the sons of Loviatar, the blind daughter of Tuoni. She is impregnated by wind (some versions of the story tell that Iku-Turso fathered them). According to the version told in the Kalevala they are ""Pistos"" (consumption), ""Ähky"" (colic), ""Luuvalo"" (gout), ""Riisi"" (rickets), ""Paise"" (ulcer), ""Rupi"" (scab), ""Syöjä"" (cancer), and ""Rutto"" (plague). The ninth, a witch and the worst of all, remains unnamed. He, the personification of envy, is banished by his mother to become the scourge of mankind. Other rune versions mention nine diseases by name the witch being the tenth

were false and powerless. If God triumphed over the gods of Egypt, a world power at that time, then the people of God would be strengthened in their faith, although they were a small people, and would not be tempted to follow the deities that God proved false. Exodus 9:15–16 (JPS Tanakh) portrays Yahweh explaining why he did not accomplish the freedom of the Israelites immediately: ""I could have stretched forth My hand and stricken you [Pharaoh] and your people with pestilence, and you would have been effaced from the earth. Nevertheless I have spared you for this purpose: in

and, after the return from the captivity, by Ezra. By the time of the Second Temple it was firmly established in Israel. The plagues as they appear in the 1984 New International Version of the Book of Exodus are: The Hebrew noun כִּנִּים (""kinim"") could be translated as lice, gnats, or fleas. The fourth plague of Egypt was of creatures capable of harming people and livestock. The Torah emphasizes that the ""‘arob"" (עָרוֹב, meaning ""mixture"" or ""swarm"") only came against the Egyptians, and that it did not affect the Land of Goshen (where the Israelites lived). Pharaoh asked Moses to

Nisan has become important to the Jews. The Torah additionally cites God's sparing of the Israelite firstborn as a rationale for the commandment of the redemption of the firstborn. This event is also commemorated by the Fast of the Firstborn on the day preceding Passover but which is traditionally not observed because a siyum celebration is held which obviates the need for a fast. It seems that the celebration of Passover waned from time to time, since other biblical books provide references to revival of the holiday. For example, it was reinstated by Joshua at Gilgal, by Josiah, by Hezekiah

all the Israelites to mark lamb's blood above their doors on every door in which case the will pass over them and not ""suffer the destroyer to come into your houses and smite you"" (chapter 12, v. 23). After this, Pharaoh, furious, saddened, and afraid that he would be killed next, ordered the Israelites to leave, taking whatever they wanted, and asking Moses to bless him in the name of the Lord. The Israelites did not hesitate, believing that soon Pharaoh would once again change his mind, which he did; and at the end of that night Moses led them

the sixth: ""Thou shalt not kill,"" for the murderer slays the image of God. The second: ""Thou shalt have no strange gods before me,"" corresponds to the seventh: ""Thou shalt not commit adultery,"" for conjugal faithlessness is as grave a sin as idolatry, which is faithlessness to God. The third commandment: ""Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain,"" corresponds to the eighth: ""Thou shalt not steal,"" for stealing result in false oath in God's name. The fourth: ""Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy,"" corresponds to the ninth: ""Thou shalt not bear false witness against

"Anne-Marie Johnson"
Anne-Marie Johnson Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on ""What's Happening Now!!"", Aileen Lewis on ""Double Trouble"", Althea Tibbs on ""In the Heat of the Night"", and as a cast member on ""In Living Color"" during its final season. Anne-Marie Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is African-American and her mother is Multiracial-American. She graduated from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) with a degree in Acting and Theater. Her first television appearance

she lost to eventual winner Ken Howard. Johnson has been married to Martin Grey since 1996. Anne-Marie Johnson Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on ""What's Happening Now!!"", Aileen Lewis on ""Double Trouble"", Althea Tibbs on ""In the Heat of the Night"", and as a cast member on ""In Living Color"" during its final season. Anne-Marie Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is African-American and her mother is Multiracial-American. She graduated from University

"Virgil Tibbs"
Virgil Tibbs Virgil Tibbs is one of the two fictional main characters in John Ball's 1965 novel ""In the Heat of the Night"". He is also the protagonist in six sequels to that novel. On screen, Tibbs is the protagonist in the Oscar-winning 1967 film ""In the Heat of the Night"" and in its sequels, ""They Call Me Mister Tibbs!"" (1970) and ""The Organization"" (1971). He is also portrayed in the 1988-1995 television series. In the novels, Tibbs works for the police force of Pasadena, California. In the films, portrayed by Academy Award winner Sidney Poitier, he first works in

"Alexander Scourby"
Alexander Scourby Alexander Scourby (; November 13, 1913 – February 22, 1985) was an American film, television, and voice actor known for his deep and resonant voice. He is best known for his film role as the ruthless mob boss Mike Lagana in Fritz Lang's ""The Big Heat"" (1953), and is also particularly well-remembered in the English-speaking world for his landmark recordings of the entire King James Version audio Bible, which have been released in numerous editions. He later recorded the entire Revised Standard Version of the Bible. Scourby recorded 422 audiobooks for the blind which he considered his most

"Dan Biggers"
Dan Biggers Daniel Upshaw ""Dan"" Biggers (January 18, 1931 – December 5, 2011) was an American college official and actor best known for his role as Frank ""Doc"" Robb on the television series ""In the Heat of the Night"". Biggers was born in Newton County, Georgia in 1931. He was an English instructor at Toccoa High School in the late 1950s. In 1963 he became headmaster of Thornwood (Darlington Lower School) in Rome, Georgia. Beginning in 1971, he was Dean of Students at Berry College. Before that, he was on the staff of the Dean of Men at the University

"George Tyne"
George Tyne Martin Yarus, better known by the stage name George Tyne (February 6, 1917 – March 7, 2008) was an American stage and film actor and television director. He was blacklisted in the 1950s, and was indicted for contempt of Congress but subsequently acquitted. Tyne, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, began his acting career under the name Buddy Yarus. He used that name when appearing in the 1945 war film ""Objective Burma!"", and in the Laurel and Hardy film ""The Dancing Masters"" (1943). As ""George Tyne"" he appeared in ""A Walk in the Sun"", ""Sands of Iwo Jima"" and ""Thieves

"The Big Heat"
was slated to play either Tierney or Detective Burke, but his agent wanted a larger part. Eventually, Reason wasn't cast and Peter Whitney and Robert Burton were cast respectively in the roles of Tierney and Burke. In the scene where Stone and Bannion first meet each other, ""Put the Blame on Mame"" is played by the musical group at the bar. This song was used in the 1946 noir classic ""Gilda"", which starred Ford and Rita Hayworth and was also produced by Columbia. The Academy Film Archive preserved ""The Big Heat"" in 1997. ""The New York Times"" and ""Variety"" both

"Dabbs Greer"
is the lead."" Greer, a resident of Pasadena, California, from 1943, died in 2007 at Pasadena's Huntington Hospital after a battle with renal failure and heart disease. His body was transported back to his native state of Missouri, where it was buried in Peace Valley Cemetery in the town of Anderson. Dabbs Greer Robert William ""Dabbs"" Greer (April 2, 1917 – April 28, 2007) was an American actor who performed many diverse supporting roles in film and television for over 50 years. With hundreds of guest appearances on episodes of numerous television series, Greer may be best remembered as a

"Rod Steiger"
Rod Steiger Rodney Stephen Steiger (April 14, 1925July 9, 2002) was an American actor, noted for his portrayal of offbeat, often volatile and crazed characters. Cited as ""one of Hollywood's most charismatic and dynamic stars"", he is closely associated with the art of method acting, embodying the characters he played, which at times led to clashes with directors and co-stars. He starred as Marlon Brando's mobster brother Charley in ""On the Waterfront"" (1954), the title character Sol Nazerman in ""The Pawnbroker"" (1964), and as police chief Bill Gillespie opposite Sidney Poitier in the film ""In the Heat of the Night""

"Patrick O'Neal (actor)"
Patrick O'Neal (actor) Patrick Wisdom O'Neal (September 26, 1927 – September 9, 1994) was an American television, stage and film actor and New York restaurateur. O'Neal was born in Ocala, Florida to Martha and Coke Wisdom O'Neal. He attended the Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville, Georgia and Ocala High School. Upon graduation, he enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesville where he majored in drama. During college, O'Neal joined the Florida Players, a theatre troupe. He was also a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity and was the editor of the university yearbook. After earning a bachelor's degree,

"Carrie Underwood"
pull four number-one's from one album. In 2010, with the singles of her third album, ""Play On"", she achieved ten career number-one singles on the Hot Country Songs, an achievement for which she was named by the ""Guinness Book of World Records"" as the female country artist with the most number-one hits on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart (since accurate sales records were introduced in the US in 1991), tied with Reba McEntire. With such a feat, she became the only female artist in country music history to have eleven consecutive top two singles; at that time, she had

the longest streak of top ten singles by a country artist from the start of a career. The Recording Industry Association of America recognizes Underwood as the Top Country Artist of all time and the fifth highest-certified female artist on its Top Artists (Digital Songs) raking, with 30 million certified units. Underwood is also the highest certified Country album artist to debut in the 21st century. Since May 2011, Underwood is the Biggest ""American Idol"" Earner, with, at the time of the press release, over $66 million in tour revenues, besides her records sales. She is the fourth biggest album

"Kelly Clarkson"
Suck Without You"", holds the record for the biggest jump to number one on the Hot 100 chart. Her fifth studio album, ""Stronger"" (2011), made Clarkson the first artist to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album twice. It spawned her third Hot 100 number-one single ""Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"". She became the first American female artist to achieve the best-selling holiday album of the year with ""Wrapped in Red"" (2013). Following the release of her third number-one album ""Piece by Piece"" (2015), Clarkson concluded her contract with RCA Records and signed with Atlantic Records in 2016.

and earned her a Grammy Award. Her fifth album, ""Storyteller"" (2015), made her the only country artist to have all first five studio albums reach either numbers one or two on the ""Billboard"" 200. With her sixth album, ""Cry Pretty"" (2018), she became the only woman in history to hit the top of the ""Billboard"" 200 chart with four country albums, and had the biggest week for any album by a woman in 2018. One of the most successful artists in any musical genre, Underwood has sold more than 65 million records worldwide. Recognized by ""Billboard"" as Country Music's reigning

of country artist Reba McEntire, of whom Clarkson is a close friend. Clarkson later issued an apology to Davis, citing him as ""a key advisor"" in her success. ""My December"" debuted at number two on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart and was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album went on to sell over 2.5 million copies worldwide. It featured only one major hit single, ""Never Again"", which debuted and peaked at number eight on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100—her highest debut on the chart ever. On July 7, 2007, Clarkson performed on the American leg of Live Earth concert. Clarkson partnered

"Kelly Willis"
to tour to support the release on February 13, 2013 in New York City. The couple followed up the success of their first album together 14 months later with the release of ""Our Year Together"". In 2018, Willis released ""Back Being Blue"", her first solo album in more than a decade. The album was produced by her husband. Willis married high school boyfriend Mas Palermo in 1989, but they divorced in 1991. In 1992, Willis met Austin singer-songwriter Bruce Robison. After several years of dating, Willis and Robison married in 1996. After a decade focused on her music career, Willis

music across many genres. In 2013, she received Artist Achievement Award at the 38th Annual New York Honors Gala held by the T.J. Martell Foundation. In 2014, she was honored by the Country Radio Broadcasters' Board of Directors with the CRB Artist Humanitarian Award at the 2014 Country Radio Seminar. Regarded as one of the most successful artists in any musical genre, , Underwood has sold more than 65 million records worldwide. In the US, she has sold 16.3 million albums making her the best-selling album artist in history of the ""American Idol"" franchise, with ""Billboard"" calling her the ultimate

No. 8 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, achieving the slowest climb ever to the top 10 of the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, breaking the record that was previously held by Creed from July 2000. In February 2008, when it was certified double Platinum, ""Before He Cheats"" became the first country song to ever be certified multi-platinum. It has now been certified five times Platinum, selling more than four million copies, and is the fourth best-selling country digital song of all time. On April 11, 2007, Underwood continued her streak of top Country singles with the release of ""Wasted"", which peaked at

it was the best-selling female country album of 2005, 2006, and 2007. ""Some Hearts"" has since become the fastest-selling debut country album in the history of the SoundScan era, the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the best-selling Country album of the last 14 years, and the best-selling album by an ""American Idol"" alumni in the US. The album is certified eight times platinum by the RIAA, the highest album certification of any country artist to emerge since 2000. The album's second single, ""Jesus, Take the Wheel"" was released to radio in October and later peaked at

"The Forester Sisters"
score eight more Top Ten hits — all consecutively — through 1991, when their run came to a close with the humorous number eight hit ""Men,"" which is actively used for the ""Feminist Update"" on ""The Rush Limbaugh Show"". After a five-year hiatus, they returned with 1996's Christian-themed album, ""More Than I Am"", but shortly after its release parted ways with Warner Bros. In 2002, they once again came together to record a new Christmas album released independently via their Web site. The album was co-produced by Kim Forester. Today the foursome concentrate more on raising family. Kathy and June

"Roar (song)"
song is also featured in the films ""Horrible Bosses 2"" and ""Baywatch."" It has become the new entrance music for Amanda Nunes. The song was featured in the August 5th 2014 episode of British soap opera EastEnders during an uplifting scene that saw Mick Carter (Danny Dyer) overcome his fear of swimming, while being cheered on by his wife Linda (Kellie Bright). It is prominently featured in the pilot episode of the American television sitcom Imaginary Mary starring Jenna Elfman and broadcast on the ABC television network. Rick Springfield has been performing the song on tour since 2014. It is

Roar (song) ""Roar"" is a song by American singer Katy Perry for her fourth studio album, ""Prism"" (2013). It was released as the lead single from the record on August 10, 2013. Perry co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its producers Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut. It is a pop song containing elements of arena rock and lyrics centering on standing up for oneself and self-empowerment. Some critics praised the track's production while others felt that its lyrics contained ""clichés"". To promote the song, Perry performed under the Brooklyn Bridge at the end of the 2013 MTV Video

also Brisbane Roar's theme song (go Roar). The song is featured as downloadable content on the dance rhythm game, ""Just Dance 2014"". It's also free. The song was featured on the reality television show RuPaul's Drag Race's seventh season, when contestants Kennedy Davenport and Katya had to lip-sync to ""Roar"" in order to avoid elimination. Davenport survived the lip-sync battle, and Katya was controversially eliminated. Credits adapted from ""Prism"" album liner notes. !scope=""row""| France (SNEP) Roar (song) ""Roar"" is a song by American singer Katy Perry for her fourth studio album, ""Prism"" (2013). It was released as the lead single

after undergoing therapy, saying she was ""sick of keeping all these feelings inside and not speaking up for myself"". Musically, ""Roar"" is a pop song that features elements of arena rock. Throughout the song, Perry ""flexes diva-like vocals"", singing the lyric ""Hey!"" several times in a way resemblant of The Lumineers. The song's instrumentation is composed of ""pounding"" pianos and ""booming"" bass drums. According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Co., Inc. on Musicnotes.com, ""Roar"" is composed in the key of B major and set in a time signature at a moderate tempo of 90 beats per minute.

Music Awards, on ""The X Factor Australia"", at the Sydney Opera House in late October 2013, and on the German TV show ""Schlag den Raab"". Grady Hall and Mark Kudsi directed the song's music video, which features Perry trying to adapt to the jungle where she survived a plane crash, and taming a tiger. It garnered generally mixed reviews from music critics. ""Roar"" was nominated for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was a commercial success, topping charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovenia,

even told the ""Wall Street Journal"" that Steeler fans sitting near him were laughing at the Bengals fans throughout the game; the Steelers themselves have used the Styx song ""Renegade"" frequently at Heinz Field since 2001. Four days after the game, the team publicly apologized, announcing that while the song would not be nixed from Paul Brown Stadium's playlist completely, the team would use a hard rock or classic rock song for player introductions moving forward. ""Roar"" was also used as the theme song of world number 1 tennis player Serena Williams during the 2014 US Open Championships. Williams, dressed

for ""Roar"" is the 10th most viewed YouTube video of all time, and has received over 2.6 billion views as of August 2018. On September 16, 2013, the song was unexpectedly used during player introductions by the Cincinnati Bengals in their home opener against the rival Pittsburgh Steelers on ""Monday Night Football"", to tie in the song's jungle theme with the team's nickname. Throughout the game, the song was also played sporadically during game breaks. Although the Bengals won the game 20-10, the song drew much criticism by Bengals fans and even some of the team's players. One Bengals fan

single of the year. Filming of the music video for ""Roar"" began on August 7, 2013 and ended on August 9, 2013. The video was released on September 5, 2013, directed by Grady Hall and Mark Kudsi, and filmed at the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden. A 21-second teaser of the video had previously been uploaded on August 25, 2013. Nokia posted a two-minute behind the scenes video on September 4, 2013. On November 14, 2013, an extended 17-minute behind-the-scenes video was uploaded to Vevo. At the beginning of the video, Perry and her boyfriend (played by actor

previous events have just been a dream, but walks out of the plane still in the jungle, stretching her arms and yawning with the animals sitting around her. Upon its release, the music video received mixed reviews from critics. Idolator contributors Robbie Daw, Sam Lansky, and Carl Willott gave it mostly lackluster reviews. Daw considered that the release of such a ""safe"" video was a disappointment for Perry and expressed eagerness to her next single; while Lansky likened its ""edg[iness]"" to that of a ""woman's antiperspirant commercial""; and the latter divided the video in what he considered to be of

on the UK Singles Chart on September 8, 2013, selling 179,500 copies in its first week and ending the prolonged number-one run of Ellie Goulding's ""Burn"". The song became Perry's fourth UK number-one single. The single spent two weeks atop the chart before being succeeded by ""Talk Dirty"" by Jason Derulo ft. 2 Chainz. The song also debuted atop the adjacent UK chart of Scotland and the Irish Singles Chart. ""Roar"" was the 6th best-selling song of 2013 in the United Kingdom where it became her second single after ""Firework"" to sell over a million copies in January 2015, thus

Helicopter
Helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward, and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft cannot perform. The English word ""helicopter"" is adapted from the French word , coined by Gustave Ponton d'Amécourt in 1861, which originates from the Greek ""helix"" () ""helix, spiral, whirl, convolution"" and ""pteron"" () ""wing"". English language nicknames for

"Boeing CH-47 Chinook"
Boeing CH-47 Chinook The Boeing CH-47 Chinook is an American twin-engined, tandem rotor, heavy-lift helicopter developed by American rotorcraft company Vertol and manufactured by Boeing Vertol (later known as Boeing Rotorcraft Systems). The CH-47 is among the heaviest lifting Western helicopters. Its name, Chinook, is from the Native American Chinook people of modern-day Washington state. The Chinook was originally designed by Vertol, which had begun work in 1957 on a new tandem-rotor helicopter, designated as the Vertol Model 107 or V-107. Around the same time, the United States Department of the Army announced its intention to replace the piston engine-powered

Wright brothers to pursue the dream of flight. In 1861, the word ""helicopter"" was coined by Gustave de Ponton d'Amécourt, a French inventor who demonstrated a small steam-powered model. While celebrated as an innovative use of a new metal, aluminum, the model never lifted off the ground. D'Amecourt's linguistic contribution would survive to eventually describe the vertical flight he had envisioned. Steam power was popular with other inventors as well. In 1878 the Italian Enrico Forlanini's unmanned vehicle, also powered by a steam engine, rose to a height of , where it hovered for some 20 seconds after a vertical

of the HLH was scrapped in late 2005 at Fort Rucker, Alabama. Boeing CH-47 Chinook The Boeing CH-47 Chinook is an American twin-engined, tandem rotor, heavy-lift helicopter developed by American rotorcraft company Vertol and manufactured by Boeing Vertol (later known as Boeing Rotorcraft Systems). The CH-47 is among the heaviest lifting Western helicopters. Its name, Chinook, is from the Native American Chinook people of modern-day Washington state. The Chinook was originally designed by Vertol, which had begun work in 1957 on a new tandem-rotor helicopter, designated as the Vertol Model 107 or V-107. Around the same time, the United States

"Stanley Hiller"
Stanley Hiller Stanley Hiller Jr. (November 15, 1924 – April 20, 2006), was a pioneering developer of the helicopter. Stanley Hiller was born November 15, 1924 in San Francisco, California, to Stanley Hiller, Sr. and Opal Perkins. The family moved to Berkeley, California, in the 1930s. At the age of 15, he designed the world's first successful coaxial helicopter, and produced a working model. At 17, he presented his design for the XH-44 ""Hiller-Copter"" to the U.S. Army in Washington D.C., winning not only their approval, but also a draft deferment during World War II. Immediately thereafter, he established the

to drive the rotor head. Young invented the stabilizer bar and patented it shortly after. A mutual friend introduced Young to Lawrence Dale, who once seeing his work asked him to join the Bell Aircraft company. When Young arrived at Bell in 1941, he signed his patent over and began work on the helicopter. His budget was US$250,000 to build 2 working helicopters. In just 6 months they completed the first Bell Model 1, which spawned the Bell Model 30, later succeeded by the Bell 47. Early rotor winged flight suffered failures primarily associated with the unbalanced rolling movement generated

"Ivan L. Slavich Jr."
Ivan L. Slavich Jr. Ivan L. Slavich Jr. (September 9, 1927October 20, 2012) was a United States Army colonel who helped pioneer the use of the HU-1A ""Huey"" helicopter as a tactical close-in support assault ship, and commanded the first armed combat helicopter unit in American military history. He served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War; his military service also included an early enlistment in the U.S. Marine Corps. Slavich served from 1951 to 1975 as a U.S. Army officer. He served from 1945 to 1947 as an enlisted U.S. Marine. Slavich was born on

"Aerial crane"
Aerial crane An aerial crane or flying crane is a helicopter used to lift heavy or awkward loads. As aerial cranes, helicopters carry loads connected to long cables or slings in order to place heavy equipment when other methods are not available or economically feasible, or when the job must be accomplished in remote or inaccessible areas, such as the tops of tall buildings or the top of a hill or mountain, far from the nearest road. Helicopters were first used as aerial cranes in the 1950s, but it was not until the 1960s that their popularity in construction and

scientific knowledge increased and became more accepted, people continued to pursue the idea of vertical flight. In July 1754, Russian Mikhail Lomonosov had developed a small coaxial modeled after the Chinese top but powered by a wound-up spring device and demonstrated it to the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was powered by a spring, and was suggested as a method to lift meteorological instruments. In 1783, Christian de Launoy, and his mechanic, Bienvenu, used a coaxial version of the Chinese top in a model consisting of contrarotating turkey flight feathers as rotor blades, and in 1784, demonstrated it to the

when attempting take-off, due to dissymmetry of lift between the advancing and retreating blades. This major difficulty was resolved by Juan de la Cierva's introduction of the flapping hinge. In 1923, de la Cierva's first successful autogyro was flown in Spain by Lt. Gomez Spencer. In 1925 he brought his C.6 to Britain and demonstrated it to the Air Ministry at Farnborough, Hampshire. This machine had a four blade rotor with flapping hinges but relied upon conventional airplane controls for pitch, roll and yaw. It was based upon an Avro 504K fuselage, initial rotation of the rotor was achieved by

"Nicholas James (actor)"
Nicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally variously credited as Nick James or Nicholas J. Muscarella) is an American actor. James is known for his recurring role (beginning in 2016) as Officer Justin Lewis in the Tyler Perry-created OWN series ""The Haves and the Have Nots"" (Season 3 – Season 5, in 63 episodes as of July 2018) as well as for appearances in ""Prom Night"" (2008) and """" (2014). His earliest credited film appearance was in """" in 2006. Additionally, James has appeared in television commercials for Grupo Modelo and Walmart. Outside of acting, James

"Gavin Houston"
career as a child actor appearing in commercials, and in an episode of ""The Cosby Show"". He had a recurring role on the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"", also guest-starred on ""Wizards of Waverly Place"" and ""Without a Trace"". Gavin Houston Gavin Alexander Houston (born December 10, 1977) is an American actor. As of 2013, Houston began starring as a series regular in the role of Jeffrey Harrington on the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime television soap opera, ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". He is also known for role as Remy Boudreau on the CBS daytime soap opera ""Guiding Light""

"Aaron O'Connell"
Aaron O'Connell Aaron John O'Connell (born April 8, 1986) is an American model and actor. O'Connell is best known for his portrayal of Wyatt Cryer in the prime time television drama ""The Haves and the Have Nots"" which airs on the Oprah Winfrey Network. O'Connell is the only son of Mark O'Connell, a former player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Kathryn Deeble O'Connell. He has three sisters, Amy, Abby and Anna. He graduated from Cathedral High School in 2004 where he played football, basketball and baseball. As a child, his maternal grandfather Wayne taught him how to play the piano.

"Darien Sills-Evans"
Darien Sills-Evans Darien Sean Evans, better known by his stage name, Darien Sills-Evans, (October 11, 1974) is an American actor, writer, comedian, and director. Early in his career, Evans was best known for his television career including playing ""Darien"" on 17 episodes of the CBS sitcom ""Cosby"" from 1998 until 2000, and as “Dr. Fields” on the NBC drama ""Third Watch"" in 22 episodes from 2002 until 2005. Other guest appearances include ""Law & Order"", ""New York Undercover"", """", ""The Black Donnellys"", and ""Person of Interest"". More recently, he played ""Darnell Nichols"" on 8 episodes of ""Treme"" between 2011 and

Gavin Houston Gavin Alexander Houston (born December 10, 1977) is an American actor. As of 2013, Houston began starring as a series regular in the role of Jeffrey Harrington on the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime television soap opera, ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". He is also known for role as Remy Boudreau on the CBS daytime soap opera ""Guiding Light"" (2002-2006). Houston is the son of Lloyd and Colette Houston. He has an older sister named Tonza. Houston also has a daughter. After graduating from the University of Florida, Houston studied at the Manhattan Theatre Club. He began his

"John Schneider (screen actor)"
John Schneider (screen actor) John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and country music singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Beauregard ""Bo"" Duke in the American television action/comedy series ""The Dukes of Hazzard"", (opposite Tom Wopat, Catherine Bach and James Best), Jonathan Kent in the 2001–11 TV series ""Smallville"" (an adaptation of ""Superman""), and James ""Jim"" Cryer on the television series ""The Haves and the Have Nots"", created by Tyler Perry. Alongside his acting career, Schneider has been a singer since the early 1980s, releasing nine studio albums and a greatest hits package,

"Peter Parros"
Peter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long portrayal of Dr. Ben Harris on the CBS soap ""As the World Turns."" Peter Parros was born in Brooklyn, New York, but grew up in Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. He became interested in acting and the film industry after holding a

include the extreme sports skydiving and surfing as well as standup paddleboarding, snorkelling, hiking, animals and exotic teas. Since 2016, James has been in a relationship with his ""Haves and the Have Nots"" co-star Tika Sumpter. He is reported to be two years her junior, making him 36 in 2018. James's paternity was kept secret by Sumpter amid press speculation while she was pregnant with their child. Their daughter, Ella-Loren, was born October 8, 2016. ""(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)"" ""(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)"" Nicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally

police drama ""Adam-12"", as Officer Gus Grant. In 1990–91, he played the recurring role of firefighter Eddie Cooper on the CBS comedy ""The Family Man"". Parros has made guest appearances on such TV shows as ""Charles in Charge"", """" and ""New York Undercover"". Peter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long

"Terrell Tilford"
(recurring), ""24"", and ""Cosby"". His film credits include Jackson, ""The DL Chronicles"" in the episode ""Robert""; ""Jacob's Trouble""; ""Serenity""; ""Intersection""; ""A Year and A Day""; and ""A.I. Assault"" for the Sci-Fi Channel. In 2010, Tilford was nominated for a 41st NAACP Image Award as ""Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series"" for his role as Dr. Greg Evans on ABC's ""One Life to Live"". Tilford is married to actress Victoria Platt, and father to daughter Marley, born on August 24, 2014. He is also a noted Art collector and artist himself. Terrell Tilford Terrell Tilford (born July 22, 1969) is

Dril
his first book, ""Dril Official ""Mr. Ten Years"" Anniversary Collection"", in August 2018. The book compiles the account's best tweets from its first ten years, as selected by the author, along with new original illustrations. dril's second book is due for release in early 2019. Over time, dril has grown from a relatively obscure Twitter account with a small cult following to a widely followed, well-known account on the site. In October 2012, dril had only 23,000 followers. By December 2014, that number had grown to 166,000, and then 567,000 by May 2017. On January 10, 2018, dril hit one

"Director of the United States Mint"
Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation of Edmund C. Moy in 2011. Richard A. Peterson succeeded Mr. Moy and was the longest-serving acting director/deputy director in the mint's history.

Mr. Peterson served between January 2011 and March 2017. In July 2015 Matthew Rhett Jeppson was nominated by President Barack Obama to become the mint's 39th director and was given the temporary title of principal deputy director. However, the nomination was never confirmed by the Senate. Mr. Jeppson stepped down as principal deputy director in January 2017, being replaced by Acting Principal Deputy Director David Motl. The office of director has existed since the creation of the Mint by the Coinage Act of 1792. Initially appointed serving at the pleasure of the President of the United States, the Coinage Act

"David J. Ryder"
November 1993 via a recess appointment. In 2017, Ryder was again nominated as Director of the United States Mint by President Donald Trump and confirmed by a voice vote on March 21, 2018. David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984

of 1873 specified a five-year term for directors. The director operates with general directions provided by the United States Secretary of the Treasury. Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation

"Edmund C. Moy"
Edmund C. Moy Edmund C. Moy (born September 12, 1957) is an American businessman and former government official. From 2006 to 2011 he served as the 38th Director of the United States Mint. Born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1957, Moy was raised in Waukesha, Wisconsin, where he worked in his parents' downtown restaurant while growing up. He is a 1975 graduate of Waukesha North High School and a 1979 graduate of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he graduated with a triple major in economics, international relations and political science. At UW–Madison, Moy joined Tau Kappa Epsilon International Fraternity.

David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition 1983–84, and then commissioner general 1984–85. From 1985 to 1986, he worked in the Office of the Vice President of the United States as Director of Advance. He was director

"Philip N. Diehl"
Philip N. Diehl Philip Noel Diehl (born June 11, 1951) is the 35th Director of the United States Mint. He is currently president of U.S. Money Reserve, a published analyst of gold markets, chairman of the board of the Standish Foundation for Children, and a member of the boards of the Industry Council for Tangible Assets, the Coalition for Equitable Regulation and Taxation, and the Gold and Silver Political Action Committee. Diehl was born in Dallas, Texas to Will A Diehl, a decorated World War II pilot who flew The Hump, and the former Wandah Marguerite Findley. He is married

Mint, Moy became Vice President Corporate Infrastructure for L&L Energy, Inc. As of 2014, he is chief strategist for Fortress Gold Group. Moy also writes occasional articles for Moneynews.com. <br> Edmund C. Moy Edmund C. Moy (born September 12, 1957) is an American businessman and former government official. From 2006 to 2011 he served as the 38th Director of the United States Mint. Born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1957, Moy was raised in Waukesha, Wisconsin, where he worked in his parents' downtown restaurant while growing up. He is a 1975 graduate of Waukesha North High School and a

"Chief Engraver of the United States Mint"
Public Law 104-208, was abolished by Congress. On February 3, 2009, Mint Director Edmund C. Moy, appointed John Mercanti to the position of Chief Engraver, with duties and prerogatives determined by the Mints Office of Public Affairs. The appointment was not a restoration of the original congressionally approved office, but a temporary promotion, renewable annually for one officeholder for no more than five years. Since Mercanti's retirement in 2010 and as of 2017, no other person has been so promoted. Chief Engraver of the United States Mint The Chief Engraver of the United States Mint is the highest staff member

"John Mercanti"
John Mercanti John M. Mercanti (born April 27, 1943) is an American sculptor and engraver. He was the twelfth Chief Engraver of the United States Mint until his retirement in late 2010. Mercanti was born in Philadelphia. There, he attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the Philadelphia College of Art and the Fleisher Art Memorial School. He also served in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard for six years. In 1974, Mercanti joined the United States Mint as a sculptor-engraver after working as an illustrator. On May 19, 2006, he was appointed Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (also known

"2016–17 FA Cup"
same night and therefore the lowest-ranked team to play in this round. A total of 16 clubs played in the fifth round, all winners of the fourth round. The draw was held on 30 January 2017, and the matches were played across the weekend of 18–20 February 2017. The round included the two teams from Level 5 that were still in the competition: Lincoln City and Sutton United, whose fourth round victories ensured the first ever fifth round with two non-league sides remaining. Lincoln City were in this round for the first time in 115 years and Sutton United for

the first time in their history. A total of eight clubs played in the quarter-finals, all winners of the fifth round. The draw was held on 19 February 2017 at Ewood Park, home of Blackburn Rovers F.C., immediately following the Blackburn Rovers v Manchester United match. Matches were played between 11 and 13 March 2017. In a break from tradition, the FA officially renamed the stage the 'Quarter-finals', the name that had long been used colloquially to describe what was previously called the Sixth Round Proper. Changes to previous rules meant that tied matches would have gone to extra-time and

"2017–18 FA Cup"
GMT and was broadcast live on BBC Two and BT Sport. This round included four teams from Level 4 – Yeovil Town, Notts County, Coventry City, and Newport County – who were the lowest-ranked teams still in the competition. The draw for the Fifth Round Proper took place on 29 January 2018 at 19:20 GMT and was broadcast live on BBC One. This round included one team from Level 4 still in the competition, Coventry City, who were the lowest-ranked team in this round. The draw for the quarter-finals took place on 17 February 2018 at 20:00 GMT and was

"2017–18 EFL Cup"
round. All 92 clubs in the top four divisions of English football participate. In the first round, all the clubs in EFL League Two and EFL League One will enter alongside 22 of the 24 EFL Championship teams except for Hull City and Middlesbrough who received byes to the next round as the highest finishing teams relegated from the 2016–17 Premier League. In the second round, all Premier League clubs not involved in European competition enter. Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur all received byes to the third round owing to their participation in the

potentially a penalty shootout at this stage rather than to a replay, and that a fourth substitute would have been permitted in extra time. The round included Lincoln City from Level 5, who became the first non-league club to reach the quarter-finals since 1914. The four winners of the quarter-finals progressed to the semi-finals. The semi-final draw took place at Stamford Bridge on 13 March following the quarter-final tie between Chelsea and Manchester United. The semi-finals were played at Wembley Stadium on 22 and 23 April 2017. The following is the bracket which the FA Cup resembled. Numbers in parentheses

"2017–18 FA Cup qualifying rounds"
competition. The results were as follows: Fourth Qualifying Round fixtures were played on Saturday 14 October 2017 and Sunday 15 October 2017 and all replays were completed by Tuesday 17 October 2017. The draw took place on 2 October 2017. A total of 64 teams took part in this stage of the competition: the 40 winners from the Third Qualifying Round and the 24 members of the National League who entered at this stage, representing Level 5 of English football. The round included Shildon from Level 9 of the football pyramid, the lowest-ranked team still in the competition. Winners from

Fourth Qualifying Round progressed to the First Round Proper, where League teams tiered at Levels 3 and 4 entered the competition. The calendar for the 2017–18 FA Cup qualifying rounds, as announced by The Football Association. Extra Preliminary Round fixtures were played on Friday 4, Saturday 5 and Sunday 6 August 2017; replays were to take place no later than Thursday 10 August 2017 but ultimately concluded Wednesday 16 August 2017. The draw was held on 7 July 2017. A total of 370 teams, from Level 9 and Level 10 of English football, entered at this stage of the competition.

"2018 FA Cup Final"
Cup against Championship club Norwich City on 7 January at Carrow Road, which ended with a 0–0 draw. The replay was held 11 days later and was a 1–1 draw with goals from Michy Batshuayi in the 55th minute and Jamal Lewis in the 90th minute, going to extra time and then a penalty shootout that Chelsea won 5–3. In the fourth round, they met Premier League opposition Newcastle United at Stamford Bridge, and won 3–0 with two goals from Batshuayi and a one from Marcos Alonso. In the fifth round, Chelsea faced another Championship team, Hull City, and won

the conclusion of the quarter-final match between Leicester City and Chelsea. The draw was conducted by Gianfranco Zola and Petr Čech. The semi-finals were played on Saturday 21 April and Sunday 22 April 2018 at Wembley Stadium. The following is the bracket which the FA Cup resembled. Numbers in parentheses next to the match score represent the results of a replay, except for the quarter-finals stage onwards. Numbers in parentheses next to the replay score represents the results of a penalty shoot-out except for the quarter-finals stage onwards. The following matches were broadcast live on UK television: 2017–18 FA Cup

The fourth round draw was made as follows: A total of eight clubs played in the fifth round, all winners from the fourth round. The fifth round draw was held on 26 October 2017. A total of four clubs played in the semi-finals, all winners of the fifth round. There was no seeding in this round and the draw was held on 20 December. The semi-finals were played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scored the most goals on aggregate over the two legs advanced to the final. If the aggregate score

when were the beatles inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

"The Beatles"
Roll Hall of Fame, their first year of eligibility. Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony with Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, and his two sons, Julian and Sean. McCartney declined to attend, citing unresolved ""business differences"" that would make him ""feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with them at a fake reunion"". The following year, EMI/Capitol settled a decade-long lawsuit filed by the band over royalties, clearing the way to commercially package previously unreleased material. ""Live at the BBC"", the first official release of unissued Beatles performances in seventeen years, appeared in 1994. That same year McCartney, Harrison and

sold more singles in the UK than any other act. In 2008, the group topped ""Billboard"" magazine's list of the all-time most successful artists; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty. They have received seven Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. They were also collectively included in ""Time"" magazine's compilation of . In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing

bus, and they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennon's Quarry Bank friends had left the group, and he began his studies at the Liverpool College of Art. The three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe, who had just sold one of his paintings and was persuaded to purchase a bass guitar, joined in January 1960, and it was he who suggested changing the band's name to ""Beatals"", as a tribute to Buddy Holly

1966 The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history, integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the group later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. Led

"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"
inducted on January 23, 1986, included Elvis Presley, James Brown, Little Richard, Fats Domino, Ray Charles, Chuck Berry, Sam Cooke, the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, and Jerry Lee Lewis. Robert Johnson, Jimmie Rodgers, and Jimmy Yancey were inducted as Early Influences, John Hammond received the Lifetime Achievement Award and Alan Freed and Sam Phillips were inducted as Non-Performers. A nominating committee composed of rock and roll historians selects names for the ""Performers"" category (singers, vocal groups, bands, and instrumentalists of all kinds), which are then voted on by roughly five hundred experts across the world. Those selected to vote include

"Brian Epstein"
MBE in 1965, even though Harrison had once said that the MBE stood for ""Mister Brian Epstein"". The four letters that were mailed to the Beatles informing them of the Queen's acceptance of Harold Wilson’s, the Prime Minister, MBE recommendation sat in sacks for three weeks, thought to be fan mail. When they were finally opened, it was discovered that the acknowledgement deadline was the next day. Epstein was upset that he wasn't honoured as well. The Beatles were among the earliest entrants into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but Epstein had not been included in the Hall's

"Birth of the Beatles"
excited after hearing Ringo's drumming abilities and listen to ""I Saw Her Standing There"". After their success, Cynthia announces to John that she was pregnant and the two decide to get married. The Beatles release their first single, ""Love Me Do"" and in 1963 release their first No. 1 Hit Single, ""Please Please Me"". They become the most famous group in Britain. In 1964, they are heading to America for the first time after already encountering massive success across Europe. The film ends when the group arrives in America and performs on the Ed Sullivan Show to a mass of

The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history, integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the group later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. Led by

million viewers on ""Our World"", the first live global television link. Released a week later, during the Summer of Love, the song was adopted as a flower power anthem. Two months later, the group suffered a loss that threw their career into turmoil. Having been introduced to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi only the previous night in London, on 25 August they travelled to Bangor for his Transcendental Meditation retreat. Two days later, their manager's assistant, Peter Brown, phoned to inform them that Epstein, only thirty-two years old, had died. The coroner ruled the death an accidental carbitol overdose, although it was

music and enduring fame of the Beatles was commercially exploited in various other ways, again often outside their creative control. In April 1974, the musical ""John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert"", written by Willy Russell and featuring singer Barbara Dickson, opened in London. It included, with permission from Northern Songs, eleven Lennon-McCartney compositions and one by Harrison, ""Here Comes the Sun"". Displeased with the production's use of his song, Harrison withdrew his permission to use it. Later that year, the off-Broadway musical ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band on the Road"" opened. ""All This and World War II"" (1976)

Diastema
Diastema A diastema (plural diastemata) is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. Diastemata are primarily caused by imbalance in the relationship between the jaw and the size of teeth. If the labial frenulum (lip tissue) pulls, it can also push the teeth apart and cause a diastema between the center of the two front teeth. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the

"Dental arch"
Dental arch The dental arches are the two arches (crescent arrangements) of teeth, one on each jaw, that together constitute the dentition. In humans and many other species, the superior (maxillary or upper) dental arch is slightly larger than the inferior (mandibular or lower) arch, so that in the normal condition the teeth in the maxilla (upper jaw) slightly overlap those of the mandible (lower jaw) both in front and at the sides. The way that the jaws, and thus the dental arches, approach each other when the mouth closes, which is called the occlusion, determines the occlusal relationship of

Malocclusion
Malocclusion A malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. The term was coined by Edward Angle, the ""father of modern orthodontics"", as a derivative of ""occlusion"". This refers to the manner in which opposing teeth meet (""mal-"" + ""occlusion"" = ""incorrect occlusion""). Malocclusion is a common finding, although it is not usually serious enough to require treatment. Those who have more severe malocclusions, which present as a part of craniofacial anomalies, may require orthodontic and sometimes surgical treatment (orthognathic surgery) to correct the

"Occlusion (dentistry)"
Occlusion (dentistry) Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth. More technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest. Malocclusion is the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a ""bad bite"". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems. Malocclusion occurs as a result of disturbances in normal occlusal development. Static occlusion refers to contact between teeth when the jaw is closed and stationary, while dynamic occlusion refers to occlusal contacts made when the jaw is

"Mandibular central incisor"
Mandibular central incisor The mandibular central incisor is the tooth located on the jaw, adjacent to the midline of the face. It is mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors. As with all incisors, its function includes shearing or cutting food during mastication, commonly known as chewing. There are no cusps on the tooth. Instead, the surface area of the tooth used in eating is called an incisal ridge or incisal edge. Though the two are similar, there are some minor differences between the deciduous (baby) mandibular central incisor and that of the permanent mandibular

"Maxillary canine"
Maxillary canine In human dentistry, the maxillary canine is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary lateral incisors of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary first premolars. Both the maxillary and mandibular canines are called the ""cornerstone"" of the mouth because they are all located three teeth away from the midline, and separate the premolars from the incisors. The location of the canines reflect their dual function as they complement both the premolars and incisors during mastication, commonly known as chewing. Nonetheless, the most common action

the left one is known as ""31"". The central incisors have fossa on their lingual surfaces. Their mesial and distal proximal contacts are located in the incisal third. The facial and lingual heights of contour are in the cervical third, as is the case with all incisors and canines. Mandibular central incisor The mandibular central incisor is the tooth located on the jaw, adjacent to the midline of the face. It is mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors. As with all incisors, its function includes shearing or cutting food during mastication, commonly known as

opposing teeth, and it is subject to malocclusion (such as crossbite) if facial or dental development was imperfect. Because the upper central incisors are wider than the lower ones, the other teeth in the upper arch are arrayed somewhat distally, and the two sets do not quite correspond to each other when the mouth is closed: thus the upper canine tooth rests partly on the lower canine and partly on the lower first premolar, and the cusps of the upper molar teeth lie behind the corresponding cusps of the lower molar teeth. The two series, however, end at nearly the

moving. Dynamic occlusion is also termed as articulation. During chewing, there is no tooth contact between the teeth on the chewing side of the mouth. Centric occlusion is a relationship between upper and lower teeth when they come together, teeth do not need to be in centric relation in order to be in centric occlusion, i.e. the condyle may be anywhere within the glenoid fossa when the teeth are in centric occlusion. Centric occlusion is the first tooth contact and may or may not coincide with maximum intercuspation. It is also referred to as a person's habitual bite, bite of

"Maxillary central incisor"
Maxillary central incisor The maxillary central incisor is a human tooth in the front upper jaw, or maxilla, and is usually the most visible of all teeth in the mouth. It is located mesial (closer to the midline of the face) to the maxillary lateral incisor. As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication (chewing). There is typically a single cusp on each tooth, called an incisal ridge or incisal edge. Formation of these teeth begins at 14 weeks in utero for the deciduous (baby) set and 3–4 months of age for the permanent

"Salary cap"
million for each violation, cancellation of contracts and/or loss of draft picks. Violating the salary floor regulations does not result in any fines or competitive penalties; instead, deficiencies are placed into a pool and distributed among all players who were on the regular roster of the offending team during a four-year floor cycle, prorated according to time on the roster in said period. The cap was first introduced for the 1994 season and was initially $34.6 million. Both the cap and the floor are adjusted annually based on the league's revenues, and they have increased each year. In , the

"NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement"
activities. In 1968 the National Football League Players Association was first recognized in writing by National Football League team owners. This occurred after the player members of the NFLPA voted to go on strike, intending to pressure owners to increase minimum salaries, pensions and other benefits for all players. In response, NFL team owners locked out the players who were on strike. After eleven days of work stoppage, the first collective bargaining agreement (CBA) was reached between the NFL and the NFLPA. The agreement set a minimum salary of $9,000 per year for rookie players and $10,000 per year for

"Reserve clause"
and the owners. The reserve clause was struck down in 1975 when arbitrator Peter Seitz ruled that since pitchers Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally had played for one season without a contract, they could become free agents. This decision essentially dismantled the reserve clause and opened the door to widespread free agency within North American professional baseball. Other sports soon followed suit. On June 18, 1921, the NFL ratified its first constitution. The reserve clause ratified in the constitution was similar to that of baseball's at the time. The reserve clause stipulated that a team had the first opportunity to

blowouts. Attendances and profits consistently fell after the league's second season, for the Browns as well as their rivals, and the league folded at the end of 1949. The need for parity is more pronounced in leagues that use the franchise system rather than the promotion and relegation system, which is used in European football. The structure of a promotion and relegation system means weaker teams struggle against the threat of relegation, adding importance and excitement to the matches of weaker teams. International club competitions such as the UEFA Champions League also means that the top clubs always have something

began to unravel in the 1970s due largely to the activism of players' unions, and the threat of anti-trust legal actions. St. Louis Cardinal star Curt Flood started the ball rolling when he refused a trade to the Philadelphia Phillies. He had been a player for 12 years and felt he should have a voice in where he played baseball. Even though he lost his case in the Supreme Court he was the first baseball player to try to end the reserve clause. Although anti-trust actions were not a threat to baseball, which has long been exempt from anti-trust laws,

benefits by implementing a new severance pay benefit, increasing minimum salaries for players in all years of service, and adding new medical rights for players. The agreement also included a revamped season schedule for 1982, which had a nine-game regular season and a new playoff format which allowed 16 of the league's 28 teams to qualify for the playoffs. Additionally, the agreement included a guarantee from the owners that players would collectively receive at least $1.6 billion in salaries and benefits over the five-year term of the new agreement. After playing the first two games of the season in 1987,

by the labor exemption to the antitrust laws. But in July 1988 Doty refused to grant an injunction which would have freed the players from the restrictions, ruling that the federal Norris-LaGuardia Act prevented courts from issuing injunctions in labor disputes. He urged both sides of the conflict to return to the bargaining table while in preparation for an anti-trust trial. In 1989, team owners unilaterally implemented a limited free agency system called ""Plan B"". This allowed teams to continue to impose first refusal and compensation restrictions on their top 37 players. The new system also allowed players at the

"Bonus rule"
by them in 1955. Bonus rule The bonus rule was a rule instituted by Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1947 that prevented teams from assigning certain players to farm teams. The rule stipulated that when a major league team signed a player to a contract in excess of $4,000 ($ today), the team was required to keep that player on their 25-man active roster for two full seasons. Any team that failed to comply with the rule lost the rights to that player's contract, and the player was then exposed to the waiver wire. Once a player did remain with

that sport's reserve clause was struck down by a United States arbitrator as a violation of labor laws. By the 1990s most players with several years' professional experience became free agents upon the expiry of their contracts and were free to negotiate a new contract with their previous team or with any other team. This situation, called Restricted Free Agency, led to ""bidding wars"" for the best players—a situation which inherently gave an advantage in landing such players to more affluent teams in larger media markets. The new Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) formulated in 2011 had an initial salary cap

paid sums that were well above the wages earned by common workers. To keep player salary demands in check, team owners promulgated a standardized contract for the players, in which the major variable was salary. The players unsuccessfully tried to fight the growing ""reserve system"" by forming a union, the Brotherhood, and founding their own Players' League in 1890, but the PL lasted just one season. For the next 80 years, the ""reserve system"" ruled the game. In this era, all player contracts were for one year. There were no long-term contracts as there are today, because the reserve clause

"Chicago Cubs"
Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116–36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (""The Hitless Wonders"") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and

"2016 World Series"
2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home-field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All-Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home-field advantage determined by the All-Star Game results; since , home-field advantage

NLCS win since the series was created in 1969. The win earned the Cubs their first World Series appearance since 1945 and a chance for their first World Series win since 1908. Coming back from a three-games-to-one deficit, the Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the 2016 World Series, They were the first team to come back from a three-games-to-one deficit since the Kansas City Royals in 1985. On November 4, the city of Chicago held a victory parade and rally for the Cubs that began at Wrigley Field, headed down Lake Shore Drive, and ended in

"History of the Chicago Cubs"
the minor-league system became the primary focus of the season, a philosophy which the new management said would carry over at least through the 2013 season. After losing records in 2013 and 2014, the Cubs secured a playoff berth in 2015 with the third-best record in MLB. They defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League Wild Card Game and the St. Louis Cardinals in the National League Division Series en route to the 2015 National League Championship Series, where they were eliminated by the New York Mets. The club entered the 2016 season looking to advance deep into the

improved in many areas during 2014, including rebound years by Anthony Rizzo and Starlin Castro, ending the season with a winning record at home for the first time since 2009, and compiling a 33–34 record after the All-Star Break. However, following unexpected availability of Joe Maddon, the Cubs relieved Rentería of his managerial duties on October 31, 2014. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall selection. Hall of Famer Ernie Banks died of a heart attack on January 23, 2015, shortly before his 84th birthday. The 2015 uniform carried a commemorative #14 patch on both

flag, Ernie Banks' number 14, was raised on the left field pole, and they have alternated since then. 14, 10 and 31 (Jenkins) fly on the left field pole; and 26, 23 and 31 (Maddux) fly on the right field pole. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Robinson's number was retired by all MLB clubs. Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012, the Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with the Peoria Chiefs (1985–1995 and 2004–2012). Ryne Sandberg managed the Chiefs from 2006 to 2010. In the period between those associations with the Chiefs the

elected to the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012. Despite trading for pitcher Matt Garza and signing free-agent slugger Carlos Peña, the Cubs finished the 2011 season 20 games under .500 with a record of 71–91. Weeks after the season came to an end, the club was rejuvenated in the form of a new philosophy, as new owner Tom Ricketts signed Theo Epstein away from the Boston Red Sox, naming him club President and giving him a five-year contract worth over $18 million, and subsequently discharged manager Mike Quade. Epstein, a proponent of sabremetrics and one of the

an epic 2016 World Series, the Cubs ended their 108-year World Series Championship drought by defeating the Cleveland Indians in a thrilling seven game series (4-3). Al Spalding, who also owned Spalding sporting goods, played for the team for two seasons under club founder William Hulbert. After Hulbert's death Spalding owned the club for twenty one years, after which the Cubs were purchased by Albert Lasker and Charles Weeghman. That pair were followed by the Wrigley family, owners of Wrigley's chewing gum. In 1981, after 6 decades under the Wrigley family, the Cubs were purchased by Tribune Company for $20.5

"2016 Chicago Cubs season"
title since the 2008 season, winning by 17½ games. The team also reached the 100-win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910. The Cubs defeated the San Francisco Giants in the National League Division Series and returned to the National League Championship Series for the second year in a row, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games. The Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the 2016 World Series, their first appearance since the 1945 World Series and first win since the

a 108-year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason nine times through the 2017 season. The Cubs are known as ""the North Siders"", a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago, and in contrast to the White Sox, whose home field (Guaranteed Rate Field) is located on the South Side. The Cubs have multiple rivalries. There is a

"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire"
1914. The Ottoman Empire was active in the Balkans theatre and Middle Eastern theatre – the latter had five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the Mesopotamian Campaign, the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign, and the Gallipoli Campaign. There were also several minor campaigns: the North African Campaign, the Arab Campaign and the South Arabia Campaign. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 31 October 1918, ending the Ottoman participation in World War I. Just

before the end of World War I, Sultan Mehmet V died and Mehmed VI became the new Sultan. The Occupation of Constantinople took place in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros, ending the Ottoman participation in World War I. The occupation had two stages: the initial occupation took place from 13 November 1918 to 16 March 1920; from 16 March 1920 – Treaty of Sèvres. 1918 saw the first time Constantinople had changed hands since the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine capital in 1453. An Allied military administration was set up early in December 1918. Hagia Sophia was converted back

and its territory losses were finalized in 1913 in the treaties of London and Bucharest. Albania became independent, and the Empire lost almost all of its European territory (Kosovo, Sanjak of Novi Pazar, Macedonia and western Thrace) to the four allies. These treaties resulted in the loss of 83 percent of their European territory and almost 70 percent of their European population. In the two-year period between September 1911 and September 1913 ethnic cleansing sent hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees, or ""muhacir"", streaming into the Empire, adding yet another economic burden and straining the social fabric. During the wars,

"Partition of the Ottoman Empire"
Partition of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World War I, notably the Sykes-Picot Agreement. As world war loomed, the Ottoman Empire sought protection but was rejected by Britain, France, and Russia, and finally formed the Ottoman–German Alliance. The huge conglomeration

of the modern Turkish republic. Partition of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World War I, notably the Sykes-Picot Agreement. As world war loomed, the Ottoman Empire sought protection but was rejected by Britain, France, and Russia, and finally formed the

"Occupation of Constantinople"
initial phase in accordance with the Armistice gave way in 1920 to a more formal arrangement under the Treaty of Sèvres. Ultimately, the Treaty of Lausanne, signed on 24 July 1923, led to the end of the occupation. The last troops of the Allies departed from the city on 4 October 1923, and the first troops of the Ankara government, commanded by Şükrü Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the ""Liberation Day"" of Istanbul (Turkish: ""İstanbul'un Kurtuluşu"") and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. 1918 saw

was based on the arrangements nominally made in the Treaty of Berlin (1878) and the Treaty of San Stefano. According to this arrangement the inspectors general, whose powers and duties constituted the key to the question, were to be named for a period of ten years, and their engagement was not to be revocable during that period. The History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman's attack on Russia's Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914. The attack prompted Russia and its allies, Britain and France, to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in November

"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I"
to protect Egypt in the Sinai-Palestine-Syria Campaign. These campaigns strained Allied resources and relieved Germany. The repulse of British forces in Palestine in the spring of 1917 was followed by the loss of Jerusalem in December of the same year. The Ottoman authorities deport the entire civilian population of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, The Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation, pursuant to the order from Ahmed Jamal Pasha on 6 April 1917. The Muslim evacuees allowed to return before long, At the same period the Balfour Declaration was being negotiated (published on 2 November 1917) in which the British Government declares

On 1 November 1922 the Turkish provisional government formally declared the Ottoman Sultanate and, with it, the Ottoman Empire to be abolished. Mehmed VI departed Constantinople and into exile on 17 November 1922. The Allies and Turks met in Lausanne, Switzerland to discuss a replacement for the unratified Treaty of Sèvres. The resulting Treaty of Lausanne secured international recognition for the new Turkish state and its borders. The Treaty was signed on 24 July 1923 and ratified in Turkey on 23 August 1923. The Republic of Turkey was formally declared on 29 October 1923. The following year on 23 April

"Fall of Constantinople"
Fall of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople (; ) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army on 29 May 1453. The attackers were commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and took control of the imperial capital, ending a 53-day siege that began on 6 April 1453. After conquering the city, Sultan Mehmed transferred the capital of his Empire from Edirne to Constantinople and established his court there. The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked

"Pool (cue sports)"
core. Modern cue sticks are generally long for pool while cues prior to 1980 were designed for straight pool and had an average length of . By comparison, carom billiards cues are generally shorter with larger tips, and snooker cues longer with smaller tips. In the United States, the most commonly played game is eight-ball. The goal of eight-ball, which is played with a full rack of fifteen balls and the cue ball, is to claim a suit (commonly stripes or solids in the US, and reds or yellows in the UK), pocket all of them, then legally pocket the

"Cue sports"
pool balls are 57 mm ( in), are used in many pool games found throughout the world, come in sets of two of object balls, seven and seven , an and a ; the balls are racked differently for different games (some of which do not use the entire ball set). Blackball (English-style eight-ball) sets are similar, but have unmarked of (or ) and balls instead of solids and stripes, and at 56 mm ( in) are smaller than the American-style; they are used principally in Britain, Ireland, and some Commonwealth countries, though not exclusively, since they are unsuited for

"Cue stick"
Cue stick A cue stick (or simply cue, more specifically billiards cue, pool cue, or snooker cue), is an item of sporting equipment essential to the games of pool, snooker and carom billiards. It is used to strike a ball, usually the . Cues are tapered sticks, typically about 57–59 inches (about 1.5 m) long and usually between 16 and 21 ounces (450–600 g), with professionals gravitating toward a 19-ounce (540 g) average. Cues for carom tend toward the shorter range, though cue length is primarily a factor of player height and arm length. Most cues are made of wood,

"Five-pin billiards"
(9 degrees F) above room temperature, which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner, and generally makes the table play ""faster"". In informal play, an unheated table is often used. Like most other carom games, five-pins requires three standard carom billiard balls of equal diameter: a red , a for the first player or team, and another cue ball for the second player or team. Ball sets vary by manufacturer, but typically are white for first and yellow for second (they may be plain or spotted), or plain

playing nine-ball. Snooker balls are smaller than American-style pool balls with a diameter of 52.5 mm ( in), and come in sets of 22 (15 reds, 6 """", and a cue ball). English billiard balls are the same size as snooker balls and come in sets of three balls (two cue balls and a red, an object ball). Other games, such as bumper pool, have custom ball sets. Billiard balls have been made from many different materials since the start of the game, including clay, bakelite, celluloid, crystallite, ivory, plastic, steel and wood. The dominant material from 1627 until the

do so in the fewest shots wins. The game can be played by two or more players. Dispenses with some fouls common to both nine- and eight-ball. One-pocket is a strategic game for two players. Each player is assigned one of the corner pockets on the table. This is the only pocket into which he can legally pocket balls. The first player to pocket the majority of the balls (8) in his pocket wins the game. The game requires far more defensive strategy than offensive strategy, much unlike eight-ball, nine-ball, or straight pool. Most times, accomplished players choose to position

where it originated, was originally called the ""winning and losing carambole game"", folding in the names of three predecessor games, ""the winning game"", ""the losing game"" and ""the carambole game"" (an early form of straight rail), that combined to form it. The game features both (caroms) and the pocketing of balls as objects of play. English billiards requires two and a red . The object of the game is to score either a fixed number of points, or score the most points within a set time frame, determined at the start of the game. Points are awarded for: Snooker is

"Billiard ball"
similar to the solids, the 8 ball is not considered a solid because it is the only ball that is black. Some games such as nine-ball do not distinguish between stripes and solids, but rather use the numbering on the balls to determine which must be pocketed. In other games such as three-ball and straight pool neither type of marking is of any consequence. In eight-ball, straight pool, and related games, all sixteen balls are employed. In the games of seven-ball, nine-ball, ten-ball and related, only object balls 1 through 7, 9 and 10, respectively (plus the cue ball) are

numbered, and the is usually red. In kaisa, five balls are used: the yellow (called the ""kaisa"" in Finnish), two red object balls, and the two white cue balls (usually differentiated by one cue ball having a dot or other marking on it and each of which serves as an object ball for the opponent). Carom billiards balls are larger than pool balls, having a diameter of 61.5 mm ( in), and come as a set of two cue balls (one colored or marked) and an object ball (or two object balls in the case of the game four-ball). American-style

"Rules of snooker"
Rules of snooker Snooker is a cue sport that is played on a baize-covered table with pockets in each of the four corners and in the middle of each of the long side cushions. It is played using a cue and snooker balls: one white , 15 worth one point each (sometimes played with fewer red balls, commonly 6 or 10), and six balls of different : yellow (2 points), green (3), brown (4), blue (5), pink (6), black (7). A player (or team) wins a (individual game) of snooker by scoring more points than the opponent(s), using the cue

"Workweek and weekend"
and Queries"" in 1879. In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand and receive a five-day workweek. The rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

Thursday–Friday to Friday–Saturday, or to Saturday–Sunday. Historically, the Christian Sabbath was just one day each week, but the preceding day (the Jewish Sabbath) came to be taken as a holiday as well in the twentieth century. This shift has been accompanied by a reduction in the total number of hours worked per week, following changes in employer expectations. The present-day concept of the ""weekend"" first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of the nineteenth century. The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first to successfully demand a five-day work week in 1929. Some

"Eight-hour day"
Eight-hour day The eight-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement, also known as the short-time movement, was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. It had its origins in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. The use of child labour was common. The working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, and the work week was typically six days a week. Robert Owen had raised the demand for a ten-hour day in 1810, and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark.

throughout history, paying no attention whatsoever to the phases of the moon and having a fixed day of rest, was most likely first practiced in Judaism, dated to the 6th century BC at the latest. In Ancient Rome, every eight days there was a nundinae. It was a market day, during which children were exempted from school and plebs ceased from work in the field and came to the city to sell the produce of their labor or to practice religious rites. The French Revolutionary Calendar had ten-day weeks (called ""décades"") and allowed ""décadi"", one out of the ten days,

eight-hour working day was Uruguay. The eight-hour day was introduced on November 17, 1915, in the government of José Batlle y Ordóñez. The first international treaty to mention it was the Treaty of Versailles in the annex of its thirteen part establishing the International Labour Office, now the International Labour Organization. The eight-hour day was the first topic discussed by the International Labour Organization which resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919 ratified by 52 countries as of 2016. Although there were initial successes in achieving an eight-hour day in New Zealand and by the Australian labour movement

in Philadelphia organised the first general strike in North America, led by Irish coal heavers. Their banners read, ""From 6 to 6, ten hours work and two hours for meals."" Labour movement publications called for an ""eight-hour day"" as early as 1836. Boston ship carpenters, although not unionised, achieved an eight-hour day in 1842. In 1864, the eight-hour day quickly became a central demand of the Chicago labour movement. The Illinois legislature passed a law in early 1867 granting an eight-hour day but had so many loopholes that it was largely ineffective. A citywide strike that began on 1 May

"Quarter days"
Quarter days In British and Irish tradition, the quarter days were the four dates in each year on which servants were hired, school terms started, and rents were due. They fell on four religious festivals roughly three months apart and close to the two solstices and two equinoxes. The significance of quarter days is now limited, although leasehold payments and rents for land and premises in England are often still due on the old English quarter days. The quarter days have been observed at least since the Middle Ages, and they ensured that debts and unresolved lawsuits were not allowed

five-day working week nationally beginning on 1 January 1948. The achievement of the eight-hour day has been described by historian Rowan Cahill as ""one of the great successes of the Australian working class during the nineteenth century, demonstrating to Australian workers that it was possible to successfully organise, mobilise, agitate, and exercise significant control over working conditions and quality of life. The Australian trade union movement grew out of eight-hour campaigning and the movement that developed to promote the principle."" The intertwined numbers 888 soon adorned the pediment of many union buildings around Australia. The Eight Hour March, which began

Week
one of the five days as their day off, even if their spouse or friends might be assigned a different day off. Peak usage of the five-day work week occurred on at 72% of industrial workers. From summer 1931 until , each Gregorian month was subdivided into five six-day work weeks, more-or-less, beginning with the first day of each month. The sixth day of each six-day work week was a uniform day of rest. On 74.2% of industrial workers were on non-continuous schedules, mostly six-day work weeks, while 25.8% were still on continuous schedules, mostly five-day work weeks. The Gregorian

"History of labour law"
was 102, and two years later became io hours in the 24. Notice of the hours must be affixed, and meal-times or pauses with absolute cessation of work of at least one hour must be specified. By the act of 1892 one day in the week, not necessarily Sunday, had to be given for entire absence from work, in addition to eight recognized annual holidays, but this was modified by a law of 1906 which generally requires Sunday rest, but allows substitution of another day in certain industries and certain circumstances. Night labour - work between 9 P.M. and 5

"April Fools' Day"
31. However, for some in Poland ""prima aprilis"" ends at noon of April 1st, and ""prima aprilis"" jokes after that hour are considered inappropriate and not classy. Danes, Finns, Icelanders, Norwegians and Swedes celebrate April Fools' Day (""aprilsnar"" in Danish; ""aprillipäivä"" in Finnish). Most news media outlets will publish exactly one false story on April 1; for newspapers this will typically be a first-page article but not the top headline. In Italy, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, and French-speaking areas of Switzerland and Canada, April 1 tradition is often known as ""April fish"" (""poissons d'avril"" in French, ""aprilvis"" in Dutch or

April Fools' Day April Fools' Day (sometimes called All Fools' Day) is an annual (primarly) Western celebration commemorated on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. The jokes and their victims are called April fools. People playing April Fool jokes often expose their prank by shouting ""April fool(s)"" at the unfortunate victim(s). Some newspapers, magazines and other published media report fake stories, which are usually explained the next day or below the news section in smaller letters. Although popular since the 19th century, the day is not a public holiday in any country. Aside from April Fools' Day,

as the episode was about Tax Day in the United States on April 15 – the last day to submit the previous year's tax information. April Fools' Day April Fools' Day (sometimes called All Fools' Day) is an annual (primarly) Western celebration commemorated on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. The jokes and their victims are called April fools. People playing April Fool jokes often expose their prank by shouting ""April fool(s)"" at the unfortunate victim(s). Some newspapers, magazines and other published media report fake stories, which are usually explained the next day or below the news

is popcorn. In Mexico, the phrase is ""¡Inocente para siempre!"" which means ""Innocent forever!"". In Argentina, the prankster says ""¡Que la inocencia te valga!"", which roughly translates as a piece of advice on not to be as gullible as the victim of the prank. In Spain, it is common to say just ""¡Inocente!"" (which in Spanish can mean ""Innocent!"", but also ""Gullible!""). In Colombia, the term used is ""Pásala por Inocentes"", which roughly means: ""Let it go; today it's Innocent's Day."" In Belgium, this day is also known as the ""Day of the innocent children"" or ""Day of the stupid

France, specifically, ended on April 1, and those who celebrated New Year's Eve on January 1 made fun of those who celebrated on other dates by the invention of April Fools' Day. The use of January 1 as New Year's Day became common in France only by the mid-16th century, and the date was not adopted officially until 1564, thanks to the Edict of Roussillon. In 1539, Flemish poet Eduard de Dene wrote of a nobleman who sent his servants on foolish errands on April 1. In the Netherlands, the origin of April Fools' Day is often attributed to the

the custom of setting aside a day for the playing of harmless pranks upon one's neighbour has historically been relatively common in the world. A disputed association between April 1 and foolishness is in Geoffrey Chaucer's ""The Canterbury Tales"" (1392). In the ""Nun's Priest's Tale"", a vain cock Chauntecleer is tricked by a fox on ""Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two"". Readers apparently understood this line to mean ""32 March"", i.e. April 1. However, it is not clear that Chaucer was referencing April 1. Modern scholars believe that there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts and that

midday. A person playing a joke after midday is the ""April fool"" themselves. In Scotland, April Fools' Day was traditionally called 'Huntigowk Day', although this name has fallen into disuse. The name is a corruption of 'Hunt the Gowk', ""gowk"" being Scots for a cuckoo or a foolish person; alternative terms in Gaelic would be ""Là na Gocaireachd"", 'gowking day', or ""Là Ruith na Cuthaige"", 'the day of running the cuckoo'. The traditional prank is to ask someone to deliver a sealed message that supposedly requests help of some sort. In fact, the message reads ""Dinna laugh, dinna smile. Hunt

April Fools' Day is not an intrinsic part of India's culture. In Lebanon, an April Fool joke is revealed by shouting """"كذبة ابريل !"""" (which means ""Aprils fool!"") at the recipient, who becomes the ""April fool"". In many Spanish-speaking countries (and the Philippines), ""Dia de los Santos Inocentes"" (Holy Innocents Day) is a festivity which is very similar to the April Fools' Day, but it is celebrated in late December (27, 28 or 29 depending on the location, or January 10th for East Syrians). As well as people playing pranks on one another on April Fools' Day, elaborate practical jokes

Chaucer actually wrote, ""Syn March was gon"". If so, the passage would have originally meant 32 days after March, i.e. 2 May, the anniversary of the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia, which took place in 1381. In 1508, French poet Eloy d'Amerval referred to a ""poisson d’avril"" (April fool, literally ""Fish of April""), possibly the first reference to the celebration in France. Some writers suggest that April Fools' originated because in the Middle Ages, New Year's Day was celebrated on March 25 in most European towns, through a holiday that in some areas of

December 28, the equivalent day in Spain, Hispanic America and the Philippines, is also the Christian day of celebration of the ""Day of the Holy Innocents"". The Christian celebration is a holiday in its own right, a religious one, but the tradition of pranks is not, though the latter is observed yearly. After somebody plays a joke or a prank on somebody else, the joker usually cries out, in some regions of Hispanic America: ""Inocente palomita que te dejaste engañar"" (""You innocent little dove that let yourself be fooled""), not to be confused with the second translation of palomita, which

"Demographics of Pakistan"
Demographics of Pakistan Pakistan's latest estimated population is 207,774,520 (excluding the autonomous regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan). This makes Pakistan the world's fifth-most-populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. Including Azad Kashmir, the population would be 211.819 million. Gilgit Baltistan region has an additional estimated population of 1.8 million. During 1950–2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998-2017, the average population growth rate stood at

smaller number practice Ismailism. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Bahá'ís and Zoroastrians (Parsis). The religious breakdown of the Pakistani population is as follows: Demographics of Pakistan Pakistan's latest estimated population is 207,774,520 (excluding the autonomous regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan). This makes Pakistan the world's fifth-most-populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. Including Azad Kashmir, the population would be 211.819 million. Gilgit Baltistan region has an additional estimated population of 1.8 million. During 1950–2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over

"Economy of Pakistan"
Economy of Pakistan The economy of Pakistan is the 23th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product. Pakistan has a population of over 207 million (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $1,641 in 2018, which ranks 147th in the world and giving it s PPP GDP per capita of 5,709 in 2018, which ranks 130th in the world for 2018. However, Pakistan's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy, which is not taken into consideration when calculating

as it best reflects the time when data was taken for Pakistan. Pakistan National Human Development Report gave Pakistan an HDI score of 0.541 whereas the Human Development Report 2006 gave it a score of 0.539. Sources: definition: aged 10 and over and can read and write as of 2008–09 Pakistan's diversity is more visible along cultural differences and less along linguistic, religious or genetic lines. Almost all Pakistanis belong to the Indo-Iranian linguistic group of the Indo-European branch. Pakistan's rough estimates vary, but the consensus is that the Punjabis are the largest ethnic group. Pashtuns (Pakhtuns) make up the

Pakistan
the lowest in South Asia. According to Provisional results of 2017 Census in Pakistan, the total population in Pakistan was 207.8 million, representing a 57% increase in 19 years. which is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. Pakistan's census provisional results exclude data from Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir, which is likely to be included in the final report. Noted as the sixth most populated country in the world, its growth rate in 2016 was reported to be 1.45%, which is the highest of the SAARC nations, though this growth rate has been decreasing in recent years. The population is

Pakistan
Pakistan Pakistan (), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. The territory that now

Pakistan
Games; the 1984, 1993, 1996 and 2003 World Squash Championships; the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup; and the 1990 Hockey World Cup. Pakistan Pakistan (), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is

"Census in Pakistan"
of 2015, the population of Pakistan is estimated at 191.71 million. As of 2016, the population of religious minorities in Pakistan have increased to 3 million. On August 25, 2017, the official results declared Pakistan's population to be 207.74 million. According to 1951 census, Dominion of Pakistan(both east and West Pakistan) had a population of 75 million population, in which West Pakistan had a population of 33.7 million and East Pakistan( modern Bangladesh) had a population of 42 million. In 1951, Hindus constituted 12.9% of the Pakistani population (this includes East Pakistan, modern day Bangladesh),which made Dominion of Pakistan second

second largest group and Sindhi are the third-largest ethnic group. Saraikis (a transitional group between Punjabis and Sindhis) make up 10.53% of the total population. The remaining large groups include the Muhajirs and the Baloch people, which make up 7.57% and 3.57% of the total population, respectively. Hindkowans and the Brahui, and the various peoples of the Gilgit–Baltistan, constitute roughly 4.66% of the total population. The Pakhtun and Baloch represent two of the major populations that are linguistically Iranian, while the majority Punjabis, Hindkowans, Sindhis and Saraikis are the major linguistically Indo-Aryan groups. Descendents of Black Africans that were brought

Kashmiri, Marwari, Memoni, Khowar, and Dari Persian. Non-Indo-European languages include Brahui and Burushaski, a language isolate. There are some languages that are spoken by less than a thousand people, such as Aer. Most of Pakistan's languages are Indo-European languages and within the smaller Indo-Iranian sub-branch. Around 80% of Pakistan's population speak one or more of the various Indo-Aryan languages. Usually concentrated in the heavily populated areas east of the Indus river, the Indo-Aryan languages and their cultures form the predominant cultural group in the country. They derive their roots from the Sanskrit language of Aryan invadors and are later heavily

Coffee
are especially appreciated by worms and acid-loving plants such as blueberries. Some commercial coffee shops run initiatives to make better use of these grounds, including Starbucks' ""Grounds for your Garden"" project, and community sponsored initiatives such as ""Ground to Ground"". Climate change may significantly impact coffee yields within a few decades. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens concluded that global warming threatens the genetic diversity of Arabica plants found in Ethiopia and surrounding countries. In 2016, world production of green coffee beans was 9.2 million tonnes, led by Brazil with 33% of the total (table). Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia were other major

Coffee
ingestion on average is about a third of that of tap water in North America and Europe. Worldwide, 6.7 million metric tons of coffee were produced annually in 1998–2000, and the forecast is a rise to seven million metric tons annually by 2010. Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third-largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil. In

"Coffee production in India"
Coffee production in India Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with Karnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala with 21% and Tamil Nadu (5% of overall production with 8,200 tonnes). Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are about 250,000 coffee growers in the country; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, Indian coffee made up just 4.5% of the global production. Almost 80% of Indian coffee is exported; 70% is bound for Germany, Russia,

Coffee
final competition each year. The competition includes the following events: Barista Championship, Brewers Cup, Latte Art and Cup Tasters. A World Brewer's Cup Championship takes place in Melbourne, Australia, every year that houses contestants from around the world to crown the World's Coffee King. Organizations: Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain ""Coffea"" species. The genus ""Coffea"" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries,

Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France. Italy accounts for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal. Coffee is grown in three regions of India with Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu forming the traditional coffee growing region, followed by the new areas developed in the non-traditional areas of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa in the eastern coast of the country and with a third region comprising the states of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh of Northeastern India, popularly known as “Seven Sister States of India"". Indian coffee,

"Coffee production in Brazil"
(171,000 hectares); Rondônia (95,000 hectares); and Paraná (49,000 hectares). Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years, currently producing about a third of all coffee. In 2011 Brazil was the world leader in production of green coffee, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia and Colombia. The country is unrivaled in total production of green coffee, arabica coffee and instant coffee. In 2011, total production was 2.7 million tonnes, more than twice the amount of Vietnam, the second largest producer.</small> Some 3.5 million people are involved in the industry, mostly in rural areas. There are about 220,000

due to the economic liberalisation in India. The Coffee Board's traditional duties include the promotion, sale and consumption of coffee in India and abroad; conducting coffee research; financial assistance to establish small coffee growers; safeguarding working conditions for labourers, and managing the surplus pool of unsold coffee. Coffee production in India Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with Karnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala with 21% and Tamil Nadu (5% of overall production with 8,200 tonnes). Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than

Coffee
back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, the drink had reached Persia, Turkey, and North Africa. From there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world. As of 2016, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing one-third of the world total. Coffee is a major export commodity, being the top legal agricultural export for numerous countries. It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. Green, unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Some controversy has been associated with coffee

Coffee
Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain ""Coffea"" species. The genus ""Coffea"" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are ""C. arabica"" and ""C. robusta"". Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as ""beans"") are roasted to varying

the major coffee producer in the world. Large-scale production in Vietnam began following normalization of trade relations with the US in 1995. Nearly all of the coffee grown there is Robusta. Despite the origins of coffee cultivation in Ethiopia, that country produced only a small amount for export until the Twentieth Century, and much of that not from the south of the country but from the environs of Harar in the northeast. The Kingdom of Kaffa, home of the plant, was estimated to produce between 50,000 and 60,000 kilograms of coffee beans in the 1880s. Commercial production effectively began in

"What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)"
also expected to executive produce alongside Scott Rudin, Paul Simms, Garrett Basch, and Eli Bush. On May 3, 2018, it was announced that FX had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes, which is expected to premiere in the spring of 2019. Alongside the pilot order announcement, it was confirmed that Kayvan Novak, Matt Berry, Natasia Demetriou, and Harvey Guillen would star in the pilot. On February 7, 2018, it was announced that Doug Jones, Beanie Feldstein, Jake McDorman, Mark Proksch, and Hayden Szeto had been cast in the pilot in roles that

"Ben Fransham"
Ben Fransham Ben Fransham is a New Zealand film, television and theatre actor, known for his role in the film ""What We Do in the Shadows"". Fransham graduated from the New Zealand School of Dance with a third year scholarship diploma in 1991, and then won entry to The London Contemporary Dance School, but did not attend. In 1992 Fransham began freelance work, performing in Paul Jenden's South Island tour of Dance South and in '93, and toured New Zealand with Footnote Dance Company. He made his first dramatic role debut as ""Rudy"" in Jacqueline Coats's stage production of ""Bent""

""What We Do in the Shadows"", and also appeared in three episodes of ""Ash vs Evil Dead"". Films include: Television shows: Ben Fransham Ben Fransham is a New Zealand film, television and theatre actor, known for his role in the film ""What We Do in the Shadows"". Fransham graduated from the New Zealand School of Dance with a third year scholarship diploma in 1991, and then won entry to The London Contemporary Dance School, but did not attend. In 1992 Fransham began freelance work, performing in Paul Jenden's South Island tour of Dance South and in '93, and toured New

"What We Do in the Shadows"
2012, and was Waititi's first feature since ""Boy"". Stu Rutherford, an IT technician and high school friend of Waititi's in real life, was initially told he would only have a bit part in the film so he would act more natural when filming. He did not realise his role was so important until the film's premiere. Waititi revealed that there was so much footage filmed, that three cuts were made; one focused primarily on jokes, one focused on story, and the final cut, a mix of the two. According to Waititi and Clement their favourite vampire films were ""The Lost

'open' to production of a second season, but has yet to secure funding from New Zealand On Air, the New Zealand broadcasting funding agency An American version of the film is being planned, to be developed as a television series. A pilot has been ordered by FX. The pilot will feature Kayvan Novak, Matt Berry, Natasia Demetriou, and Harvey Guillen; and executive produced by Scott Rudin, Paul Simms, Garrett Basch, and Eli Bush. On 3 May 2018, FX picked up the pilot to series with an order of 10 episodes set to premiere in 2019. What We Do in the

commenting that some of the film's broader moments fell flat but compared it favorably to similar mockumentaries such as ""Best in Show"". The film was warmly received by UK newspapers, with ""The Guardian""s film critic Peter Bradshaw describing it as ""the best comedy of the year"", while ""The Telegraph""s Tim Robey found it ""desperately funny"". ""Film International"", in a positive review, commended the film for noting, with a double of Count Orlok locked in the vampires' basement, that the true vampire film tradition is repressed by the current craze. ""Variety"" was more critical, writing that ""Some genre fans who prefer

a vampire and ensuring they can be together forever. Scenes during the credits reveal that Vladislav has gotten back together with Pauline and Jackie has made her husband her new familiar. A post-credits scene shows Deacon attempting to hypnotize the audience to forget the events of the film. The film is based on a 2005 short film—""What We Do In The Shadows: Interviews With Some Vampires""—written and directed by Waititi and Clement, and starring Jonny Brugh, Cori Gonzalez-Macuer and Stu Rutherford in their roles of Deacon, Nick and Stu respectively. The feature film adaptation was shot in Wellington in September

had the potential to recur should the production receive a series order. On April 11, 2018, it was reported that Hayden Szeto had been cast in the pilot. On October 7, 2018, the series held a panel at the annual New York Comic Con moderated by ""Rolling Stone""s Alan Sepinwall and featuring co-creators Taika Waititi and Jemaine Clement, along with fellow executive producer Paul Simms. Before the panel began, the first episode of the series was screened for the audience. What We Do in the Shadows (TV series) What We Do in the Shadows is an upcoming American comedy television

"Watch the Shadows Dance"
a fluorescent dye on their faces. When Spane sees the dye on a student's face, she interrogates them about the game, which they call ""kuma"". In addition to playing kuma at night, the students all hang out at a local bar. One of their fellow students, Guy Duncan (Craig Pearce), is a drugdealer who lurks on the periphery of their classes with Beck and at the bar. Robby Mason (Tom Jennings) is Beck's prize pupil, and the two are training intensively for a televised kickboxing tournament. During the course of his training, Robby grows closer to his classmate Amy Raphael

What We Do in the Shadows (TV series) What We Do in the Shadows is an upcoming American comedy television series based on the 2014 film of the same name that is set to premiere in 2019 on FX. ""What We Do in the Shadows"" is set in New York City and follows ""three vampires who have been roommates for hundreds and hundreds of years."" On January 22, 2018, it was announced that FX had given the production a pilot order. The series is set to be written by Jemaine Clement and directed by Taika Waititi both of whom are

"A Madea Christmas (musical play)"
A Madea Christmas (musical play) A Madea Christmas is a 2011 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Perry as Madea and Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam. The members of the Mansell family—who can be identified without fear of stereotyping as mean mother Lilian (Chandra Currelley-Young), pompous father John (Maurice Lauchner), restless daughter China (Támar Davis), and virginal son Japan (Zuri Craig)—prepare for the holiday feast with the help of their saintly maid Margaret (Cheryl Pepsii Riley) and their mouthy chef Hattie (Patrice Lovely). Eager to impress China's super-rich beau/presumed fiancé Bobby (Shannon Williams),

Maria Horsford). Madea gets fed up with the customers and starts speaking rudely, causing herself to get fired on her first day. She then asks for her paycheck, but her boss tells her they will mail it. Infuriated, Madea steals a dress and some money from the cash register, then leaves. Meanwhile, Eileen's daughter, Lacey Williams (Tika Sumpter), who is working as a teacher at a small school in Alabama and married to a white man named Connor (Eric Lively), has many problems on her hands: the school does not have enough money to fund its annual Christmas Jubilee. This

is only connected to the stageplay via name-only. Otherwise, it has a completely different storyline and different characters. A Madea Christmas (musical play) A Madea Christmas is a 2011 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Perry as Madea and Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam. The members of the Mansell family—who can be identified without fear of stereotyping as mean mother Lilian (Chandra Currelley-Young), pompous father John (Maurice Lauchner), restless daughter China (Támar Davis), and virginal son Japan (Zuri Craig)—prepare for the holiday feast with the help of their saintly maid Margaret (Cheryl Pepsii

"An Evergreen Christmas"
talented musician, wrote the music, participated in the filmmaking, and clearly wants to add acting to her résumé; it’s an adequate effort. Overall it's an OK but uninspired film for older kids and teens that's unlikely to inspire multiple viewings."" An Evergreen Christmas An Evergreen Christmas is a 2014 American holiday independent film written by Jeremy Culver and Morgen Culver and directed by Jeremy Culver as Culver’s first narrative feature. The film stars Charleene Closshey, Robert Loggia, Naomi Judd, Tyler Ritter, Booboo Stewart, Greer Grammer and Jake Sandvig and is set in the fictional town of Balsam Falls, Tennessee. Principal

to her class, but is interrupted by Oliver, who gives her a kiss. While she tries to tell Oliver that she is married and is not interested in getting back together with him, her and the principal discover that Madea has tied the girl that stole her purse to the cross decoration in the classroom. Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know

"Office Christmas Party"
On February 19, 2016, it was announced that Speck and Gordon would also direct the film, which would star Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, T. J. Miller, and Kate McKinnon. The producers were set as Scott Stuber, along with Entertainment 360's Guymon Casady and Daniel Rappaport. On March 8, 2016, Randall Park joined the film, and Olivia Munn was cast on March 17. On April 4, 2016, Abbey Lee Kershaw joined the cast. Karan Soni, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, and Jamie Chung were added on April 5, 2016, and on April 6, 2016, Rob Corddry, Andrew Leeds, and Oliver Cooper were cast

"A Christmas Story Live!"
positively received, as were the technical aspects of the special (such as scene and wardrobe changes). The ""Los Angeles Times"" praised the performers: ""...Matthew Broderick, who found his own, gentler way through Shepherd’s pointy prose...Maya Rudolph was affecting as Ralphie’s mother, Chris Diamantopoulos gruff if less than epic as his father, the Old Man...Andy Walken was a good visual match for the movie’s Peter Billingsley...The whole company of kids, in fact, was energetic and on their marks... Schwartz’s mother, previously an offended voice on the other end of a phone call, was here gloriously embodied by Ana Gasteyer, who brought

It featured Smokey Robinson, Mariah Carey, Brian McKnight, James Brown, KEM, Boyz II Men, Kelly Rowland, Jeremih, Stevie Wonder, Jackson 5, Pearl Bailey, Ashanti, Mprynt & Kevin Ross. ""A Madea Christmas"" was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 20% rating, based on 35 reviews, with the consensus: ""It boasts a few laughs, but overall, Tyler Perry's ""A Madea Christmas"" ranks among Perry's least entertaining or substantive works."" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". ""A Madea Christmas"" was released on Blu-ray and DVD

Lilian forces Margaret to work on Christmas instead of celebrating with her family. So China secretly invites the whole disreputable brood: Madea (Tyler Perry), Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis), and grown children Lucy (Alexis Jones), George (Jeffery Lewis), and Eric (Tony Grant). China was once in love with Eric; his reappearance lets her rethink her relationship with Bobby. Jackson Mississippi January 4 Brooklyn New York December 5 New Orleans Louisiana This play was released to stores (and online) on November 22, 2011. The film ""Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas"" was released in theaters on December 13, 2013. However, the film version

"Flight (Grey's Anatomy)"
(Patrick Dempsey), and Dr. Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) desperately fight to stay alive. Meredith is relatively unscathed, while the rest have serious injuries: the pilot, Jerry (James LeGros), has a major spine injury, and Yang dislocates her arm. Robbins' femur is broken and sticking through the skin, Sloan has serious internal injuries; though initially adrenaline keeps him on his feet. Shepherd is sucked out the side of the plane and awakens alone in the wood; his mangled hand having been pushed through the door of the plane. However, none are in as bad shape as Lexie, who is crushed under

Pickens, Jr.) plans his annual dinner for the departing residents, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) fires Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), and Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) gets engaged. The episode marked Leigh's final appearance in the series and Raver's last until late in the fourteenth season. Exterior filming of the accident took place at Big Bear Lake, California. Jason George reprised his role as a guest star, whereas James LeGros made his first appearance. The episode opened to mixed reviews from television critics, with some criticizing the death of Lexie, but praising Leigh's performance, in addition to Ellen Pompeo

Flight (Grey's Anatomy) ""Flight"" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, six doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James

(Dr. Meredith Grey)'s and Eric Dane (Dr. Mark Sloan)'s. ""Flight"" earned Rhimes an NAACP Image Award nomination and it was also nominated under several categories of ""Entertainment Weekly"" finale awards. Upon its initial airing, the episode was viewed in the United States by 11.44 million people, garnered a 4.1/11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, ranking fourth for the night in terms of viewership, and registering as Thursday's highest-rated drama. After their plane crashes in the woods, Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Dr. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Dr. Derek Shepherd

"Comair Flight 5191"
at Rupp Arena in Lexington. The ""Lexington Herald-Leader"" published a list of the victims with short biographies. The Flight 5191 Memorial Commission was established shortly after the crash to create an appropriate memorial for the victims, first responders, and community that supported them. The Commission chose the University of Kentucky Arboretum as its memorial site. James Polehinke, the first officer, suffered serious injuries, including multiple broken bones, a collapsed lung, and severe bleeding. Lexington-Fayette and airport police officers pulled Polehinke out of the wreckage. Polehinke underwent surgery for his injuries, including an amputation of his left leg. Doctors later determined

Meanwhile, back at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, no one is aware of what has happened to the other doctors. Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) prepares the annual dinner for the departing residents, which Dr. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers), Dr. Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), and Dr. April Kepner (Sarah Drew) are dreading. Avery makes the choice to take a job offer at Tulane Medical Center, and he and Kepner share a moment. Dr. Ben Warren (Jason George) and Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) decide to get married, even though Warren is going to start his surgical internship in Los

"American Airlines Flight 11"
Jeffrey Collman, Sara Low, Karen Martin, Kathleen Nicosia, Betty Ong, Jean Roger, Dianne Snyder, and Amy Sweeney. All 92 people on board were killed, including David Angell (the creator and executive producer of the television sitcom ""Frasier""), his wife Lynn Angell, and actress Berry Berenson, the widow of Anthony Perkins. ""Family Guy"" creator Seth MacFarlane had been scheduled to be on the flight but arrived at the airport late. Actor Mark Wahlberg was also scheduled to be on the flight but canceled his ticket at the last minute. Actress Leighanne Littrell, wife of Backstreet Boys singer Brian Littrell, had also

Angeles. After realizing Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver) was offered a chief position at United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) and is refusing to leave Seattle out of loyalty, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), the chief of surgery, fires her to free her from the hospital where her husband died. As the episode ends, Hunt picks up his messages to discover the surgical team never made it to Boise. The residents, finally excited to celebrate at Webber's dinner, are left waiting for their stranded friends. The remaining crash survivors are left struggling to stay awake as their last match goes

poll that judged all the television season finales of the year, Lexie's death was voted the ""Top Tissue Moment"", while Robbins' injured leg and Shepherd's mangled hand were voted the ""Most Disturbing Image"". The ending of the episode was also considered as the ""Best Ending to an Otherwise So-So Season"". Lexie's death was also nominated under the ""Best (Presumed) Death"" category, while the plane crash's aftermath was nominated as the ""Best Non-romantic Cliffhanger"", and the episode in entirety was nominated for the special award for ""Biggest Regret That I Didn't See It, I Just Heard or Read About It"". ""Entertainment

"Nancy Lynn"
down and on fire. Rescue crews, along with Lynn's son Pete who had been narrating her flight, rushed to the scene and were able to cut Lynn from the badly damaged and burned aircraft. Lynn was flown to a local hospital with burns covering 90% of her body. She was pronounced dead later that same night. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)'s investigation showed that the propeller had been shattered on impact, but no evidence of mechanical engine failure existed. Witnesses and video footage of the accident indicated Lynn was flying at a constant engine power throughout the maneuver and

"Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi"
Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi is an Indian television series, which premiered on 11 May 2015 on Zee TV. Neil Bhatt, Kabir K, Sreejita De and Chandini bhagwanani are in lead roles. The show is set in Agra. ""Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi"" is a tale of a family of five brothers and three sisters. The show began with the working title ""Pethawala"" before being named ""Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi"". The show ended due to low ratings. From 17 July 2016, it was rerun on Zee Anmol as ""Choti Bahu

to learn that Sanjana forgives her. The story ends with whole family dancing. Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi is an Indian television series, which premiered on 11 May 2015 on Zee TV. Neil Bhatt, Kabir K, Sreejita De and Chandini bhagwanani are in lead roles. The show is set in Agra. ""Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi"" is a tale of a family of five brothers and three sisters. The show began with the working title ""Pethawala"" before being named ""Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi"". The show ended due to low ratings.

"Tum Se Achcha Kaun Hai"
Bhabhi, and nephew and goes to Bombay. Upon arrival he meets Naina's friend, Monto (Raghuvir Yadav), who takes him to several places to try his luck. No one bothers to listen to him, let alone hear him sing. He lives with Naina, her sisters, Anu and Tuktuk, and their college professor mom (Rati Agnihotri), who empathize with him. Then Naina hits upon an idea to have an open song-and-dance show in a public park. The show goes well, and a wealthy young woman, Bobby Gujral (Kim Sharma), notices Arjun and invites him to sing for a firm run by her

"Ankhon Mein Tum Ho"
Ankhon Mein Tum Ho Ankhon Mein Tum Ho is a 1997 film directed by Ashim Samanta and produced by Shakti Samanta. The film stars Sharad Kapoor, Suman Ranganathan and Rohit Roy in lead roles. The film revolves around the frustrated love story of Prem Kapoor (Rohit Roy) and Pooja (Suman Ranganathan), because she is destined to kill her beau according to the stars. The film is today best remembered as Ashok Kumar's last movie. The film was dubbed in Bengali as ""Achena Atithi"". This story is about Prem, Puja, Pratap and Ranjit. Prem loves Puja very much and wants to

"Hamare Tumhare"
Hamare Tumhare Hamare Tumhare is a 1979 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Umesh Mehra. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Raakhee, Amjad Khan, Prem Krishen, David, Mehmood, Asrani, Anil Kapoor (In his film debut), Lucky Ali, and Amrish Puri. The film's music is by R. D. Burman. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment. Widower Jairaj Verma lives with his four sons in a small apartment. Three of his sons are in their teens, while his youngest son is around 12 years. On the other hand, there is Maya

- Parivar ki Jeevan Rekha"". The show there ended on 11 November 2016. The story revolves around the Pethewala family. Bhushan (Neil Bhatt), the second son of the family is in love with Shreya (Sreejita De). Before he can tell his family, they pretend to have fixed his marriage elsewhere but the girl turns out to be Shreya. The lovers are happily married. Ajay is the youngest son of the Pethewala family. His best friend Ajju is in love with Sanjana. Ajju gets a job in USA and he and Sanjana decide to marry in the court given Sanjana's father's

"Shahrukh Bola ""Khoobsurat Hai Tu"""
Shahrukh Bola ""Khoobsurat Hai Tu"" Shahrukh Bola ""Khoobsurat Hai Tu"" (English:"" Shahrukh said ""You are Beautiful"""") is a 2010 Hindi film directed by Makrand Deshpande and produced by Amarjeet Singh Bhasin under the Music Factory banner. It stars Preetika Chawla and Afzaal Khan in the lead roles, with Kay Kay Menon and Nagesh Bhonsle in supporting roles and Shahrukh Khan in a cameo as himself. It was released on 19 November 2010. The Indian film ""Wrath Kapoor"" has a catchphrase titled ""Dewaani Hai Tu"" Laali (Preetika Chawla) is one of the biggest fans of Shah Rukh Khan in the city.

family, but will their children and the community accept them as husband and wife? Hamare Tumhare Hamare Tumhare is a 1979 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Umesh Mehra. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Raakhee, Amjad Khan, Prem Krishen, David, Mehmood, Asrani, Anil Kapoor (In his film debut), Lucky Ali, and Amrish Puri. The film's music is by R. D. Burman. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment. Widower Jairaj Verma lives with his four sons in a small apartment. Three of his sons are in their teens, while

"Hum Tum Dushman Dushman"
released in India on 6 February 2015. The music directors of the film are Ally Ghany, Sahil Rayyan, and Babajani. The lyrics were composed by Iqbal Durrani. Hum Tum Dushman Dushman Hum Tum Dushman Dushman is an Indian war drama film written and directed by Iqbal Durrani.The movie features Mashaal Durrani, Sohini Paul, and Mukesh Rishi in the lead roles. The film was released on 6 February 2015. An Indian soldier gets stuck in no man's land along with his Pakistani counterpart. They disregard their differences as they join forces to save the life of a Kashmiri boy who steps

Tum Se Achcha Kaun Hai Tum Se Achcha Kaun Hai is a 2002 Bollywood musical romantic drama film directed by Deepak Anand starring Rati Agnihotri, Nakul Kapoor and Aarti Chhabria. It premiered on 26 April 2002 in Mumbai. Working as a guide and bus driver in Jaisalmer, Arjun (Nakul Kapoor) had always dreamt of being a famous singer. When he meets beautiful tourist Naina Dixit (Aarti Chhabria), he impresses her with his singing. She encourages him to come to Bombay to try his luck there and leaves her address with him. Shortly thereafter, Arjun bids farewell to his brother, his

"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis"
There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis ""There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis"" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop, but this was only available to DJs and did not get a full release. Norwegian singer Elisabeth Andreasson covered the song on her 1981 country album ""Angel

of the Morning"", with lyrics in Swedish by Hasse Olsson as ""Killen ner' på Konsum svär att han är Elvis"" (""The guy down Konsum"" swears he's Elvis). There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis ""There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis"" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop,

"Working Class Man"
Working Class Man ""Working Class Man"" is a song performed and made famous by Australian singer Jimmy Barnes. It was written by Journey keyboardist Jonathan Cain. ""Working Class Man"" is generally considered Barnes' signature song as a solo artist. The song first appeared on the 1985 album ""For the Working Class Man"" and was the first single released from the album. The single spent 14 weeks in the Australian charts, entering at #21 and peaking at #5. It also spent seven weeks in the New Zealand charts, peaking at #34. It was later played over the credits of the 1986

"Shop Around"
how to find a woman worthy of being a girlfriend or wife (""My mama told me/'you better shop around'""). The original version of the song had a strong blues influence, and was released in the local area of Detroit, Michigan, before Gordy decided that the song needed to be re-recorded to achieve wider commercial appeal. At 3 a.m. one morning, the Miracles (Robinson, Claudette Rogers, Bobby Rogers, Ronnie White, and Pete Moore) recorded a new, poppier version of the song that became a major national hit. The original record label credits Bill ""Smokey"" Robinson as the writer, with Berry Gordy

"Sid Kuller"
Sid Kuller Sid Kuller (27 October 1910 New York City, New York – 16 September 1993 in Sherman Oaks, California) was an American comedy writer, producer and lyricist/composer, who concentrated on special musical material, gags and sketches for leading comics. He collaborated with Ray Golden and Hal Fimberg on the screenplay of the Marx Brothers' vehicle ""The Big Store"", for which he also supplied the lyrics to the musical climax, ""The Tenement Symphony"". Earlier in their careers, Kuller and Golden wrote comedy songs and special material for the Ritz Brothers. Although he wrote prodigiously and with facility throughout his life,

"Dirty Work (Steely Dan song)"
Dirty Work (Steely Dan song) ""Dirty Work"" is a song written by Donald Fagen and Walter Becker that was first released on Steely Dan's debut album ""Can't Buy a Thrill"" in 1972. It has since also recorded by other artists, including The Pointer Sisters, Iain Matthews, and Melissa Manchester. The song' lyrics describe an affair between a man and a married woman, sung by the man. ""Steely Dan FAQ"" author Anthony Robustelli describes ""Dirty Work"" as a ""song of self-loathing"", while ""The Guardian"" describes the narrative as soap operatic. The singer recognizes that the woman is using him, but is

"Joe's Garage (song)"
The single version of the song lacks many of the special effects that the album version contains. The single version of ""Joe's Garage"" was put onto Zappa's best-of ""Strictly Commercial"". The song introduces the main character Joe and another band member, Larry Fanoga. It explains that Joe, Larry, and their friends were in a band together in Joe's garage and would play the same simple, repetitive three-chord song. This was a mocking commentary on many garage and punk bands of the era. They started to play this one song in a go go bar and eventually their repetitive music became

"Piss Factory"
Piss Factory ""Piss Factory"" is a protopunk song written by Patti Smith and Richard Sohl, and released as a B-side on Smith's debut single ""Hey Joe"" in 1974. It was included on the Vertigo Records compilation album ""New Wave"" in 1977, Sire Records 1992 compilation album ""Just Say Yesterday"", and later reissued on the rarities compilation ""Land (1975–2002)"". In 1989, Dave Marsh placed the song on the list of ""The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made"". The song originated as a poem written by Smith about the time she spent working in a baby buggy factory, expressing her assurance that she

reached number 16 in the US Country charts. Barnes said of this version, ""She was managed by a guy who used to manage Split Enz, a Kiwi guy, who took the song to her. She did a great version, but it's got a real twang."" Working Class Man ""Working Class Man"" is a song performed and made famous by Australian singer Jimmy Barnes. It was written by Journey keyboardist Jonathan Cain. ""Working Class Man"" is generally considered Barnes' signature song as a solo artist. The song first appeared on the 1985 album ""For the Working Class Man"" and was the

"Casey Jones—the Union Scab"
Casey Jones—the Union Scab ""Casey Jones—the Union Scab"" is a song, written by labor figure Joe Hill in San Pedro, California, shortly after the first day of a nationwide walkout of 40,000 railway employees in the Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911. It is a parody of the song ""The Ballad of Casey Jones"" and is sung to its tune. The Industrial Workers of the World (commonly known as the Wobblies) are an industrial union. Many of the railway workers were organized into the railway brotherhoods, which were craft unions. The song was published in the ""Little Red Songbook"" in

"Prime Minister of Canada"
was limited by the constitution to five years and, though the governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the writs of election prior to the date mandated by the ""Canada Elections Act""; the King–Byng Affair was the only time since Confederation that the governor general deemed it necessary to refuse his prime minister's request for a general vote. As of 2007, with an amendment to the ""Elections Act"", Section 56.1(2) was changed to limit the term of a majority government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday

the legislature, he or she will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in parliament. In a poll conducted by Ipsos-Reid following the first prorogation of the 40th parliament on December 4, 2008, it was found that 51% of the sample group thought the prime minister was directly elected by Canadians. The Canadian prime minister serves at Her Majesty's pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term. Once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies. The lifespan of parliament

"Term of office"
Among territories of the United States: Members of Council of the District of Columbia serve a four-year term. As a former British territory following the Westminster System, there are many similarities with the United Kingdom, although with some variations based on local customs, the federal system of government and the absentee monarch. Being a Commonwealth realm, Canada shares a monarch with the United Kingdom and 14 other countries, who serves as head of state of all 16 realms until their death or abdication. The Governor General is appointed by the monarch as his/her personal representative on the advice of the

"Premiership of Stephen Harper"
Party was able to win a majority with only 38.5% of the popular vote in 1997 and the Conservatives have previously come very close to a majority with 37.7% of the popular vote (12 seats short) in 2008 and with 35.9% of the vote (6 seats short) in 1979. Harper led the government through the longest lasting federal minority government in Canadian history, which ended when he achieved a majority victory in 2011. From December 2006 to August 2008, the Conservatives and Liberals exchanged leads in opinion polls. From September through the election in October 2008, the Conservative led in

"Government of Canada"
Should no party hold a majority in the commons, the leader of one party—either the one with the most seats or one supported by other parties—will be called by the governor general to form a minority government. Once sworn in by the viceroy, the prime minister holds office until he or she resigns or is removed by the governor general, after either a motion of no confidence or his party's defeat in a general election. The monarch and governor general typically follow the near-binding advice of their ministers. It is important to note, however, that the Royal Prerogative belongs to

dissolved or be elected in by-elections between general elections. The legislatures of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut operate using a consensus model, but are similar otherwise. The premiers and their cabinets are selected in the same way as in the House of Commons, and like at the federal level, the term of a provincial government can be ended by defeat in a general election or the loss of the legislature's confidence. All provincial legislatures except that of Nova Scotia have fixed-term election legislation in place, as does the legislature of the Northwest Territories. Premiers may also advise Lieutenant Governors to

"Governor General of Canada"
read, and then receives the Great Seal of Canada (which is passed to the registrar general for protection), as well as the chains of both the Chancellor of the Order of Canada and of the Order of Military Merit. The governor general will then give a speech, outlining whichever cause or causes he or she will champion during his or her time as viceroy. The incumbent will generally serve for at least five years, though this is only a developed convention, and the governor general still technically acts at Majesty's pleasure (or the ""Royal Pleasure""). The prime minister may therefore

revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."" Two official residences are provided to the prime minister—24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake, a country retreat in Gatineau Park—as well an office in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council (formerly known as Langevin Block), across from Parliament Hill. For transportation, the prime minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft—a CC-150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the prime minister

Modernization Act permits non-profit performances of copyrighted songs like ""Imagine"", it is still not legal to upload recordings of such performances to the Internet. While Her Majesty's Governments of various political stripes have traditionally used the term ""Government of Canada"" to describe the government in its communications materials, the Harper government broke that tradition for two extended periods. From taking office in February 2006 until October 2007, the government was branded ""Canada's New Government"" and from late-2010 to mid-2011 it was branded the ""Harper Government"". The former was the subject of ridicule by other parties and some media commentators, while

"Fixed election dates in Canada"
legislature, are also not affected by fixed election dates. The Constitution Act, 1867, fixes the maximum life of a federal parliament at five years following the return of the writs of election. Section Five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides that there must be sittings of parliament and of each legislative assembly at least once in every twelve-month period. By constitutional convention, an election must be called by the governor general following the mandatory dissolution of parliament. The 39th Canadian Parliament passed Bill C-16, An Act to Amend the Canada Elections Act, which received Royal Assent on

"Six degrees of separation"
Six degrees of separation Six degrees of separation is the idea that all living things and everything else in the world are six or fewer steps away from each other so that a chain of ""a friend of a friend"" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps. It was originally set out by Frigyes Karinthy in 1929 and popularized in an eponymous 1990 play written by John Guare. It is sometimes generalized to the average social distance being logarithmic in the size of the population. Theories on optimal design of cities, city

of six degrees recently has become influential throughout popular culture. Further advances in communication technology – and particularly the Internet – have drawn great attention to social networks and human interconnectedness. As a result, many popular media sources have addressed the term. The following provide a brief outline of the ways such ideas have shaped popular culture. American playwright John Guare wrote a play in 1990 and later released a film in 1993 that popularized it. It is Guare's most widely known work. The play ruminates upon the idea that any two individuals are connected by at most five others.

"Six Degrees of Separation (film)"
Six Degrees of Separation (film) Six Degrees of Separation is a 1993 American comedy-drama film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by Fred Schepisi, adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-nominated John Guare play of the same name. The plot of the film was inspired by the real-life story of David Hampton, a con man and robber who convinced a number of people in the 1980s that he was the son of actor Sidney Poitier. The writer John Guare was a friend of Inger McCabe Elliott and her husband Osborn Elliott. In October 1983, Hampton came to the Elliotts' New York apartment and

they allowed him to spend the night. The next morning, Inger found Hampton in bed with another man and later called the police. The Elliotts told Guare about the story and it inspired him to write the play years later. Fifth Avenue socialite Ouisa Kittredge (Stockard Channing) and her art dealer husband Flan (Donald Sutherland) are parents of ""two at Harvard and a girl at Groton"". However, the narrow world inhabited by the Kittredges and their public status as people interested in the arts make them easy prey for Paul (Will Smith). Paul, a skillful con-artist, mysteriously appears at their

"Six Degrees"
Six Degrees Six Degrees (or 6˚) is an American dramatic television series about six residents of New York City and their respective relationships and connections with one another, based on the idea of six degrees of separation. It premiered on September 21, 2006, after ""Grey's Anatomy"" on ABC. The show was created by Raven Metzner and Stuart Zicherman. J. J. Abrams, Bryan Burk and Thom Sherman serve as executive producers through their Bad Robot Productions banner. The pilot episode was directed by Rodrigo García. It is filmed on location in Manhattan and at Silvercup Studios in Long Island City, Queens,

his awareness of the ""six degrees"" to Marconi. Although this idea had been circulating in various forms for decades, it is Guare's piece that is most responsible for popularizing the phrase ""six degrees of separation."" Following Guare's lead, many future television and film sources would later incorporate the notion into their stories. J. J. Abrams, the executive producer of television series ""Six Degrees"" and ""Lost"", played the role of Doug in the film adaptation of this play. Many of the play's themes are apparent in his television shows (see below). The game ""Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon"" was invented as

also actress Stockard Channing's most successful film since 1978's ""Grease"". Six Degrees of Separation (film) Six Degrees of Separation is a 1993 American comedy-drama film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by Fred Schepisi, adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-nominated John Guare play of the same name. The plot of the film was inspired by the real-life story of David Hampton, a con man and robber who convinced a number of people in the 1980s that he was the son of actor Sidney Poitier. The writer John Guare was a friend of Inger McCabe Elliott and her husband Osborn Elliott. In October

"Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon"
(), with text by Alan Bates, Pierce Brosnan, and Bacon. Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon is a parlor game based on the ""six degrees of separation"" concept, which posits that any two people on Earth are six or fewer acquaintance links apart. Movie buffs challenge each other to find the shortest path between an arbitrary actor and prolific actor Kevin Bacon. It rests on the assumption that anyone involved in the Hollywood film industry can be linked through their film roles to Bacon within six steps. In 2007, Bacon started a charitable organization called SixDegrees.org.

the media indicated the final episodes of the series would be broadcast beginning Friday, August 10, 2007; however, ABC decided instead to air repeats of another show. Six Degrees Six Degrees (or 6˚) is an American dramatic television series about six residents of New York City and their respective relationships and connections with one another, based on the idea of six degrees of separation. It premiered on September 21, 2006, after ""Grey's Anatomy"" on ABC. The show was created by Raven Metzner and Stuart Zicherman. J. J. Abrams, Bryan Burk and Thom Sherman serve as executive producers through their Bad

traffic flows, neighborhoods, and demographics were in vogue after World War I. These conjectures were expanded in 1929 by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy, who published a volume of short stories titled ""Everything is Different."" One of these pieces was titled ""Chains,"" or ""Chain-Links."" The story investigated in abstract, conceptual, and fictional terms many of the problems that would captivate future generations of mathematicians, sociologists, and physicists within the field of network theory. Due to technological advances in communications and travel, friendship networks could grow larger and span greater distances. In particular, Karinthy believed that the modern world was 'shrinking' due

"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"
Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair ""Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"" is a parlor song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864). It was published by Firth, Pond & Co. of New York in 1854. Foster wrote the song with his estranged wife Jane McDowell in mind. The lyrics allude to a permanent separation. ""Jeanie"" was a notorious beneficiary of the ASCAP boycott of 1941, a dispute caused by ASCAP increasing its licensing fees. During this period, radio broadcasters played only public domain music or songs licensed by ASCAP rival BMI. According to a 1941 article in ""Time"" magazine, ""So often had

A few lines of the song's first stanza are sung loudly, a cappella, in the ""Band of Brothers"" episode ""Bastogne"" by soldiers Joseph Liebgott, James Alley and an unnamed soldier in a foxhole, shortly before being shelled by Nazi artillery. In the John Cassavetes motion picture ""Faces"", an important scene occurs which revolves around the singing of this song. The full title is used as the nickname for character Jeanie in ""Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip"", most notably several times in the episode ""The Cold Open"". One of the Pink Panther animated cartoons is entitled ""Genie with the Light

BMI's Jeannie [sic] With the Light Brown Hair been played that she was widely reported to have turned grey."" Bing Crosby recorded the song on March 22, 1940, for Decca Records with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra. Violinist Jascha Heifetz transcribed the song for the violin and it became a signature piece for him for years. The transcription has been performed by many subsequent violinists. The opening line notably got used as the basis for the title of the TV series ""I Dream of Jeannie"". In the 1956 Bugs Bunny short ""Broomstick Bunny"", a play on the title is

"I Dream of Jeanie (film)"
I Dream of Jeanie (film) I Dream of Jeanie is a 1952 American historical musical film based on the songs and life of Stephen Foster who wrote the song ""Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"" from which the title is taken. The film was directed by Allan Dwan for Republic Pictures and was shot in Trucolor. The film is also known as I Dream of Jeanie (with the Light Brown Hair). In 1849 the song ""Oh, Susannah"" is a nationwide hit—but bookkeeper Stephen Foster has given his work to several music houses without charge and without credit. His refined true

with its proper, correct lyrics until they know them by heart as punishment. In an animated alphabet segment from ""Sesame Street"" featuring a boy with a big egg on his knee and a girl jumping rope. they comment on the egg while reciting bits of the alphabet in rhyme; after they reach the end with Z, the egg bursts and hatches a tap dancing lizard who does a singing soft shoe version of the song. In the movie Beyond Tomorrow (1940), the character Jimmy Houston (Richard Carlson) sang the entire song during a Christmas dinner with a band accompaniment. Jeanie

"Bernice Bobs Her Hair"
Bernice Bobs Her Hair ""Bernice Bobs Her Hair"" is a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald, written in 1920 and first published in the ""Saturday Evening Post"" in May of that year. It appeared shortly thereafter in the collection ""Flappers and Philosophers"". The story was based on letters Fitzgerald sent to his younger sister, Annabel, advising her on how to be more attractive to young men. The original text was much longer, but Fitzgerald cut nearly 3000 words and changed the ending to make the story more attractive to publishers. The story concerns Bernice, a wealthy girl from Eau Claire,

love Inez McDowell, a classically trained singer, despises popular music, especially Stephen's songs. Foster's world changes when Edwin P. Christy sets him straight on the music business and launches his career as an author of the songs the Christy Minstrels use in their shows. I Dream of Jeanie (film) I Dream of Jeanie is a 1952 American historical musical film based on the songs and life of Stephen Foster who wrote the song ""Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"" from which the title is taken. The film was directed by Allan Dwan for Republic Pictures and was shot in Trucolor.

"Jane McDowell Foster Wiley"
Jane McDowell Foster Wiley Jane Denny McDowell Foster Wiley was born December 10, 1829. She died at the age of seventy-three in a fire on January 17, 1903 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is best known for being the wife of Stephen Foster and being the inspiration for Foster's song Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair. Her archives are located in the University of Pittsburgh. Jane's father, Andrew Nathan McDowell, was a well-known physician in Pittsburgh. He encouraged the first black medical student from Western Pennsylvania to apply to and attend Harvard Medical School. Dr. McDowell wrote a letter of recommendation

"The Hair of Harold Roux"
The Hair of Harold Roux The Hair of Harold Roux was a 1974 novel by Thomas Williams. The novel, unusually, shared the National Book Award for Fiction with Robert Stone's ""Dog Soldiers"". ""The Hair of Harold Roux"" explores the craft of storytelling and its intersections—and at times collisions—with everyday life and mortality. The narrative spine of the novel bridges a long weekend in the life of Aaron Benham, a clinically depressed literature professor at a New Hampshire college who has taken a leave of absence to write a novel, also called ""The Hair of Harold Roux."" Williams punctuates the primary

"Gooney Bird Greene"
Gooney Bird Greene Gooney Bird Greene (2002) is the first of a series of children's novels by Lois Lowry concerning the storytelling abilities of a second-grade girl. It was illustrated by Middy Thomas. Gooney Bird Greene has just transferred to Mrs. Pidgeon's second grade class in Watertower. She is unusually self-confident, likes to be the center of attention, has an eccentric flair for style, and an exciting, almost magical past. When Mrs. Pidgeon suggests storytelling lessons, instead of well-worn Christopher Columbus, the class demands Gooney Bird as the main character of the story. So begins Gooney Bird's series of autobiographical

"Les Misérables (musical)"
part of ""In My Life"". The album has sold 887,000 copies in the US. The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Roger Allam as Javert, Patti LuPone as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Susan Jane Tanner as Mme. Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Ian Tucker as Gavroche, Michael Ball as Marius, David Burt as Enjolras, and Rebecca Caine as Cosette. The Original Broadway Cast recording was produced in 1987. It included several changes to the songs that are still evident in today's performances. As with its predecessor, it is incomplete, and leaves out songs or parts that are more important

a 14-member band, a reduction of about 8 musicians from the original production's 22 musician orchestration. The original 2006 Broadway revival cast included Alexander Gemignani as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Daphne Rubin-Vega as Fantine, Celia Keenan-Bolger as Éponine, Aaron Lazar as Enjolras, Adam Jacobs as Marius, Ali Ewoldt as Cosette, Gary Beach as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Brian D’Addario and Jacob Levine and Skye Rainforth and Austyn Myers as Gavroche, and Tess Adams and Kylie Liya Goldstein and Carly Rose Sonenclar as Young Cosette/Young Éponine. The ensemble consisted of Becca Ayers, Daniel Bogart (Combeferre/Bambatosis), Justin Bohon

(e.g., those vital to plot such as ""Fantine's Arrest"" and ""The Runaway Cart"" were kept, while unnecessary or complex songs, such as ""At the Barricade"", were left out). The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Philip Quast as Javert, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, Michael Ball as Marius, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Judy Kuhn as Cosette and Anthony Crivello as Grantaire. A five-track album featuring members of the UK national tour was released in 1992 and includes ""I Dreamed

September 1985. The set was designed by John Napier, costumes by Andreane Neofitou and lighting by David Hersey. Musical supervision and orchestrations were by John Cameron, who had been involved with the show since Boublil and Schönberg hired him to orchestrate the original French concept album. Musical staging was by Kate Flatt with musical direction by Martin Koch. The original London cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Roger Allam as Javert, Ken Caswell as the Bishop of Digne, Patti LuPone as Fantine, Zoë Hart, Justine McIntyre, Jayne O'Mahony and Joanne Woodcock as Young Cosette, Danielle Akers, Gillian Brander and

Mark Uhre as Enjolras. The roles of young Cosette and young Éponine were shared by Ella Ballentine, Saara Chaudry and Madison Oldroyd. Gavroche was shared by David Gregory Black and Aiden GlennRead. The show returned to Broadway in March 2014 at the Imperial Theatre with previews beginning 1 March 2014 and had an official opening on 23 March 2014. The creative team includes the direction of Laurence Connor and James Powell, the set design by Matt Kinley, costumes by Andreane Neofitou and Christine Rowlands, lighting by Paule Constable, sound by Mick Potter and projections by Fifty-Nine Productions. Cameron Mackintosh once

narratively than musically (e.g., ""Fantine's Arrest"", ""The Runaway Cart"", ""The Final Battle""). The album has sold 1,596,000 copies in the US. The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Terrence Mann as Javert, Randy Graff as Fantine, Leo Burmester as Thénardier, Jennifer Butt as Madame Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Braden Danner as Gavroche, David Bryant as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, and Donna Vivino as Young Cosette. Recorded in 1988 and released in 1989, the Complete Symphonic Recording features the entire score. (The Czech Revival Recording is the only other album, in any language, to feature

until 19 December 2010. This tour originally starred Lawrence Clayton as Valjean, Andrew Varela as Javert, Betsy Morgan as Fantine, Jenny Latimer as Cosette, Justin Scott Brown as Marius, Chasten Harmon as Éponine, Michael Kostroff as Thénardier, Shawna Hamic as Madame Thénardier, Jeremy Hays as Enjolras, Josh Caggiano and Ethan Paul Khusidman as Gavroche, Maya Jade Frank and Juliana Simone alternating as Young Cosette and Young Éponine. J. Mark McVey's daughter, Kylie McVey was the understudy for Young Cosette and Young Éponine. Clayton left the tour in April 2011. Ron Sharpe later took over as Valjean until June 2011. J.

Myers and Anthony Skillman alternating as Gavroche. A new national tour began on September 21, 2017 at the Providence Performing Arts Centre (PPAC). It stars Nick Cartell as Valjean. It uses much of the staging and technical work of the 2014 Broadway revival.<ref name=""US 2017/18 Tour Dates""></ref> The first tour of the UK and Ireland opened at the Palace Theatre, Manchester 14 April 1992 with Jeff Leyton (Jean Valjean), Philip Quast (Javert, later replaced by Michael McCarthy) Ria Jones (Fantine), Meredith Braun (Éponine), Mike Sterling (Marius, later replaced by Richard Burman), Tony Timberlake (Thénardier), Louise Plowright (Mdme Thénardier), Sarah Ryan

Mark McVey was then Valjean (McVey previously played the role on Broadway), but McVey and his daughter left the tour on 1 April 2012. Peter Lockyer replaces him as Valjean. Betsy Morgan left the tour on 2 December 2012. She was replaced by Genevieve Leclerc. The tour ran until 11 August 2013, closing at the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas. The tour's final cast included Peter Lockyer as Valjean, Andrew Varela as Javert, Genevieve Leclerc as Fantine, Lauren Wiley as Cosette, Devin Ilaw as Marius, Briana Carlson-Goodman as Éponine, Timothy Gulan as Thénardier, Shawna Hamic as

Juliette Caton as Young Éponine, Susan Jane Tanner as Madame Thénardier, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Rebecca Caine as Cosette, Michael Ball as Marius, David Burt as Enjolras, with Ian Tucker, Oliver Spencer and Liza Hayden sharing the role of Gavroche. On 4 December 1985, the show transferred to the Palace Theatre, London and moved again on 3 April 2004, to the smaller Queen's Theatre, with some revisions of staging and where, , it is still playing. It celebrated its ten-thousandth performance on 5 January 2010. In October 2015, the West End production celebrated its 30th anniversary.

"NBA Championship ring"
NBA Championship ring The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each) NBA Championship rings have been handed out since the first NBA Finals in 1947. In the modern era, the rings are handed to the defending champions during the team's first home game each

season. NBA Championship rings are silver or gold and include the following features: In three NBA Finals, John Havlicek chose two wrist watches and a liqueur tray set as commemorative items. NBA Championship ring The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each) NBA Championship

"50 Greatest Players in NBA History"
teams on the list—Wilt Chamberlain with the 1966–67 Sixers and 1971–72 Lakers; James Edwards, Dennis Rodman, and John Salley with the 1988–89 Pistons and 1995–96 Bulls; and Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen with the Bulls in both 1991–92 and 1995–96. Three other individuals both played for and coached honored teams, all of whom completed this ""double"" with a single franchise—K. C. Jones with the Celtics as a player in 1964–65 and coach in 1985–86, Billy Cunningham with the Sixers as a player in 1966–67 and coach in 1982–83, and Pat Riley with the Lakers as a player in 1971–72 and

at forty; Shaquille O'Neal, who was recovering from a knee injury; and Jerry West, who was scheduled to have surgery for an ear infection and could not fly. At the time of the announcement, eleven players were active; all have subsequently retired. O'Neal was the last to be active in the NBA, retiring at the end of the . The list was made through unranked voting completed by fifty selected panelists. Sixteen of the panelists were former players voting in their roles as players, thirteen were members of the print and broadcast news media, and twenty-one were team representatives: contemporary

voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first-place vote is worth 10 points; each second-place vote is worth seven; each third-place vote is worth five, fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. , the current holder of the award is James Harden of the Houston Rockets. Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won

the selected players have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Lenny Wilkens was the only member of the players list to have been selected as a member of the coaches list. At the time of the list, only Pete Maravich was deceased. Since then, Wilt Chamberlain, Dave DeBusschere, Paul Arizin, Hal Greer, George Mikan, Bill Sharman, Moses Malone, Dolph Schayes and Nate Thurmond have all died. ""Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the , the last in which any player on the 50 Greatest list was active."" Alongside the selection of the 50 greatest

and former general managers, head coaches, and executives. Of the last group, thirteen were former NBA players. Players were prohibited from voting for themselves. Only three voting veterans (Bill Bradley, Johnny Kerr, and Bob Lanier) were not selected to the team. Eleven players (Charles Barkley, Clyde Drexler, Patrick Ewing, Michael Jordan, Karl Malone, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, Robert Parish, Scottie Pippen, David Robinson and John Stockton) were active in the , during which the team was announced. All have since retired. O'Neal was the last to be active in the NBA, retiring at the end of the . All of

"Los Angeles Lakers all-time roster"
Finals six times, but lost every series to the Boston Celtics, beginning their long and storied rivalry. In 1972, with future Hall of Famers Wilt Chamberlain, Gail Goodrich, and Jerry West, the Lakers compiled a 33-game winning streak, the longest streak in U.S. professional team sports, and won their sixth title under coach Bill Sharman. The Lakers' popularity soared in the 1980s when they won five additional championships during a nine-year span with the help of Hall of Famers Magic Johnson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, James Worthy and coach Pat Riley, the franchise's all-time leader in both regular season and playoff games

"National Basketball Association"
Gregg Popovich combined to make 13 Finals in 16 seasons, with 10 titles. Tim Duncan and David Robinson won the 1999 championship with the Spurs, and Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant started the 2000s with three consecutive championships for the Lakers. The Spurs reclaimed the title in 2003 against the Nets. In 2004, the Lakers returned to the Finals, only to lose in five games to the Detroit Pistons. After the Spurs took home the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy in 2005, the 2006 Finals featured two franchises making their inaugural Finals appearances. The Miami Heat, led by their star shooting

players, was the selection of the Top 10 Coaches in NBA History. The list was compiled based upon unranked selection undertaken exclusively by members of the print and broadcast media who regularly cover the NBA. All 10 coaches named were alive at the time of the list's announcement, and four of them—Phil Jackson, Don Nelson, Pat Riley, and Lenny Wilkens—were then active. Five have since died: Red Holzman in 1998, Red Auerbach in 2006, Chuck Daly in 2009, Jack Ramsay in 2014, and John Kundla in 2017. Jackson was the last of the ten to coach in the NBA; he

"The Skye Boat Song"
of Drinking & Rebellion"". Bear McCreary adapted the song as the opening titles of the 2014 TV series ""Outlander"", sung by Raya Yarbrough, changing the text of Robert Louis Stevenson's poem ""Sing Me a Song of a Lad That Is Gone"" (1892) to fit the story. Patrick Troughton as the second Doctor on the British science-fiction television series ""Doctor Who"" played the song repeatedly on his recorder in Episode 6, Scene 10 of ""The Web of Fear"" (broadcast 9 March 1968). It can also be heard playing background instrumental in several episodes of the American serial killer television series ""Dexter"".

is used as the theme music for the TV Series ""Outlander"" sung by Raya Yarbrough and arranged by Bear McCreary. Notably, the word """"lad"""" used in the version by Robert Louis Stevenson is replaced by """"lass"""" to reflect the story. The Skye Boat Song ""The Skye Boat Song"" is a modern Scottish song which has entered into the folk canon in recent times. It can be played as a waltz, recalling the escape of Prince Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) from Uist to the Isle of Skye after his defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. The text

Shadows"". Singer Tori Amos covered the song as part of a song trilogy entitled ""Etienne Trilogy"" on her debut album ""Y Kant Tori Read"" (1988). Scottish singer, Barbara Dickson, recorded this song in 2006. James Galway and The Chieftains recorded an instrumental version (which was used as background music for a Johnnie Walker commercial) in February 1990 at Studios 301, Sydney, Australia, released on the album ""Over the Sea to Skye - The Celtic Connection"". There is also a version on The Corries ""In Concert / Scottish Love Songs"" album (Track 19). Stellan Skarsgård's character plays this song on the

though it is in most miscellanies like ""The Fireside Book of Folk Songs."" It is often sung as a lullaby, in a slow rocking 6/8 time. It was extremely popular in its day, and from its first recording by Tom Bryce on April 29, 1899, became a standard among Scottish folk and dance musicians. It was even more widely known from the 1960s onwards and has remained popular in mainstream music genres. It was performed to great acclaim and recorded by artist and social activist Paul Robeson in 1959 and 1960. Tom Jones recorded a version, which was arranged by

"Archie Fisher"
Archie Fisher Archie Macdonald Fisher MBE (born 23 October 1939) is a Scottish folk singer and songwriter. He has released several solo albums since his first, eponymous album in 1968. Fisher composed the song, ""The Final Trawl,"" which he recorded on the album, ""Windward Away"". Several other groups and singers, including The Clancy Brothers, have also recorded it. Starting in the mid-1970s, he produced four folk albums with Makem and Clancy. He also performed with them and other groups as a backup singer and guitarist. He hosted his own radio show on BBC Radio Scotland for almost three decades. Archie

Lee Lawson and Harold Boulton, on his debut album ""Along Came Jones"" in 1965. The same album, released in the U.S. as ""It's Not Unusual"" (and carrying only 12 of the original 16 tracks), did not give attribution for the arrangement but did characterize the song as ""Trad.—2:57."" Fans of Rangers FC in Glasgow used to sing a version of the song in praise of Danish player Kai Johansen (played 1965–70). Among later renditions which became well known were Peter Nelson and The Castaways from New Zealand, who released a version in 1966, as did West Australian artist Glen Ingram.

Both versions were in the Australian hit parade in 1966. Esther & Abi Ofarim recorded the song in 1966 under the title ""Bonnie Boat"". Calum Kennedy included a version on ""Songs of Scotland and Ireland"" (Beltona 1971). Rod Stewart recorded two versions of the song with The Atlantic Crossing Drum & Pipe Band during the sessions for ""Atlantic Crossing"", between 1974 and 1975. They were given an official release on the deluxe re-release of the album in 2009. This song can be heard at the beginning of ""Who Stole the Bagpipes,"" the second episode in season one of the early

the motifs of Jacobitism although it was composed nearly a century and a half after the episode it describes. It is often supposed that it describes Charles's flight from the mainland, but this is unhistorical. The only time Charles was in Skye was when he left Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides to avoid the increasingly thorough Government searches. The lyrics were written by Sir Harold Boulton, 2nd Baronet, to an air collected in the 1870s by Anne Campbelle MacLeod (1855–1921), who became Lady Wilson by marriage to Sir James Wilson, KSCI (1853–1926), in 1888. The song was first published in

2009 ""Come All ye Fisher Lasses"" from ""The Fisher family"" was included in Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set ""Three Score and Ten"" as track two on the fourth CD. Archie Fisher Archie Macdonald Fisher MBE (born 23 October 1939) is a Scottish folk singer and songwriter. He has released several solo albums since his first, eponymous album in 1968. Fisher composed the song, ""The Final Trawl,"" which he recorded on the album, ""Windward Away"". Several other groups and singers, including The Clancy Brothers, have also recorded it. Starting in the mid-1970s, he produced four folk albums with Makem

cello in the 1992 film ""Wind"". Canadian Punk band, The Real McKenzies covered this song on their 1995 debut album ""The Real McKenzies"". Sir Michael Tippett originally included ""Over the Sea to Skye"" in his arrangements of ""Four Songs from the British Isles"" for unaccompanied four-part chorus in 1957, in response to a commission from North West German Radio, Bremen, for a festival of European folk song. But the amateur choir for which they were intended found the songs too difficult, and the first performance took place only in July 1958, given by the London Bach Group, conducted by John

"Color motion picture film"
short live-action film was ""La Cucaracha"" (1934), and the first feature was ""Becky Sharp"" (1935). Gasparcolor, a single-strip 3-color system, was developed in 1933 by the Hungarian chemist Dr. Bela Gaspar. The real push for color films and the nearly immediate changeover from black-and-white production to nearly all color film were pushed forward by the prevalence of television in the early 1950s. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number rose to over 50 percent. The rise in color films was also aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near monopoly on the

"History of film technology"
first short live-action film was ""La Cucaracha"" (1934), and the first all-color feature in ""New Technicolor"" was ""Becky Sharp"" (1935). The proliferation of television in the early 1950s contributed to a heavy mid-century push for color within the film industry. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number had risen to over 50 percent. The color boom was aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near-monopoly on the medium. The last stand of black-and-white films made by or released through the major Hollywood studios came in the mid-1960s, after which the use of

and green light, but not red. Recording all three spectral regions required making film stock panchromatic to some degree. Since orthochromatic film stock hindered color photography in its beginnings, the first films with color in them used aniline dyes to create artificial color. Hand-colored films appeared in 1895 with Thomas Edison's hand-painted ""Annabelle's Dance"" for his Kinetoscope viewers. Many early filmmakers from the first ten years of film also used this method to some degree. George Méliès offered hand-painted prints of his own films at an additional cost over the black-and-white versions, including the visual-effects pioneering ""A Trip to the

Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color. The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902. A simplified additive system was successfully commercialised in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters. Around 1920, the

Moon"" (1902). The film had various parts of the film painted frame-by-frame by twenty-one women in Montreuil in a production-line method. The first commercially successful stencil color process was introduced in 1905 by Pathé Frères. ""Pathé Color"", renamed Pathéchrome in 1929, became one of the most accurate and reliable stencil coloring systems. It incorporated an original print of a film with sections cut by pantograph in the appropriate areas for up to six colors by a coloring machine with dye-soaked, velvet rollers. After a stencil had been made for the whole film, it was placed into contact with the print

to be colored and run at high speed (60 feet per minute) through the coloring (staining) machine. The process was repeated for each set of stencils corresponding to a different color. By 1910, Pathé had over 400 women employed as stencilers in their Vincennes factory. Pathéchrome continued production through the 1930s. A more common technique emerged in the early 1910s known as film tinting, a process in which either the emulsion or the film base is dyed, giving the image a uniform monochromatic color. This process was popular during the silent era, with specific colors employed for certain narrative effects

and used in special effects sequences for films such as ""The Phantom of the Opera"" (1925). Eastman Kodak introduced its own system of pre-tinted black-and-white film stocks called Sonochrome in 1929. The Sonochrome line featured films tinted in seventeen different colors including Peachblow, Inferno, Candle Flame, Sunshine, Purple Haze, Firelight, Azure, Nocturne, Verdante, Aquagreen, Caprice, Fleur de Lis, Rose Doree, and the neutral-density Argent, which kept the screen from becoming excessively bright when switching to a black-and-white scene. Tinting and toning continued to be used well into the sound era. In the 1930s and 1940s, some western films were processed

nitrate film copied to black-and-white 35 mm film, which was then scanned into a digital video format by telecine. Finally, digital image processing was used to align and combine each group of three frames into one color image. The result is that the whole world can now view brief motion pictures from 1902 in full color. Practical color in the motion picture business began with Kinemacolor, first demonstrated in 1906. This was a two-color system created in England by George Albert Smith, and promoted by film pioneer Charles Urban's The Charles Urban Trading Company in 1908. It was used for

in a sepia-toning solution to evoke the feeling of old photographs of the day. Tinting was used as late as 1951 for Sam Newfield's sci-fi film ""Lost Continent"" for the green lost-world sequences. Alfred Hitchcock used a form of hand-coloring for the orange-red gun-blast at the audience in ""Spellbound"" (1945). Kodak's Sonochrome and similar pre-tinted stocks were still in production until the 1970s and were used commonly for custom theatrical trailers and snipes. In the last half of the 20th century, Norman McLaren, who was one of the pioneers in animated movies, made several animated films in which he directly

"History of photography"
soon appeared and film-based versions were eventually made. All were expensive and until the 1930s none was ""fast"" enough for hand-held snapshot-taking, so they mostly served a niche market of affluent advanced amateurs. A new era in color photography began with the introduction of Kodachrome film, available for 16 mm home movies in 1935 and 35 mm slides in 1936. It captured the red, green, and blue color components in three layers of emulsion. A complex processing operation produced complementary cyan, magenta, and yellow dye images in those layers, resulting in a subtractive color image. Maxwell's method of taking three

"Say You'll Haunt Me"
on July 27, 2010. The video begins with a car (1972 Plymouth Barracuda) pulling into a creepy alleyway with Corey Taylor being pulled out of the trunk by his bandmates. He is then lead upstairs to be strapped into a chair and interrogated by a woman (Joanna Moskawa) who seems to have an aggression towards him. As this is happening, ghostly images of the band perform in front of each member, the video also features these images solo inside an abandoned warehouse including Taylor. Taylor is then blindfolded and then a weird screen is brought out. Corey then walks into

"Sam Quartin"
Sam Quartin Sam Quartin is a musician, producer and actress best known for role as June Glass, starring alongside Marilyn Manson in the American movie Let Me Make You a Martyr""(2017), also for ""By the Rivers of Babylon)"" and ""Aimy in a Cage"". Quartin was raised in New York City, New York, U.S. but now lives in Los Angeles. Quartin made her debut screen appearance in the short film ""I am alive"" in 2011 and went on to appear in three further short films “Adam” in 2012, “Hairbrained” and “We Kid” in 2013. She appeared as Virginia's Doppelganger in ""The

"Make Her Say"
revealed plans to tour together; however, the tour was later canceled. In addition to the Lady Gaga sample, the song also makes references to T.I.'s ""Whatever You Like"" , Asher Roth's ""I Love College"", and Jamie Foxx's ""Blame It"". The music video for ""Make Her Say"" was directed by Nez Khammal and released on July 20, 2009. The video carries a minimal aesthetic, with scenes taking place in empty, wide-open spaces. Although Kid Cudi, Kanye West, and Common all appear in the video, they never attended a film shoot together. The music video utilizes a split screen effect to create

was part of a contest that the band held to see the concept of the video, which had a code which read ""I am you"" which explains the fact Corey was replaced with the woman. The video uses the album version, not the short radio edit. In the week of October 2, 2010, ""Say You'll Haunt Me"" reached No. 1 on both the U.S. ""Billboard"" Rock Songs chart and the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In doing so, it became Stone Sour's first single to reach No. 1 on the Rock Songs chart and their second, after ""Through Glass"", to reach

"Say You'll Be There"
the Spice Girls as fantastic characters. Chisholm played ""Katrina Highkick"", Halliwell's alter-ego was ""Trixie Firecracker"", Emma Bunton took on the role of ""Kung Fu Candy"", Adams played ""Midnight Miss Suki"", and ""Blazin' Bad Zula"" was Brown's alter-ego. The shots of male bondage are unexplained, and function as symbols of male disempowerment, just as the rest of the clip serves to assert the power and fighting abilities of the women. At the end the group captures a confused icecream man who appears in his pick-up truck. He is carried off on the roof of the car as a trophy. Another man

“It was one of those songs, that I didn’t really feel until it was finished,” he said. “I enjoyed the lyrics, but I wasn’t sure about the music. I’d come in and I’d sing it, and I put my heart into it, because the lyrics are about my wife and how I feel about my wife, and then I left. And I came back and they [the rest of the band] had just made it incredible. Now I can’t get it out of my head.” The band has shot a music video, directed by Paul R. Brown. The video premiered

"Gin Cooley"
the Honorable Mentioned category at the 11th Annual Socal Film Festival in Huntington Beach, California. In 2016, Gin founded a child advocacy group ""Gin Cooley's Fine Art Revival"" which consists of a celebration and collaboration of visual arts through fine and expressive art mediums to raise funds, awareness and provide information to victims of child abuse, children in high risk situations and various children's charities. Gin Cooley Jennifer ""Gin"" Cooley is a professional model and singer/songwriter. She is represented by Click Models of Atlanta. Cooley has appeared in several popular music videos, including cameos for Casey James’ “Let's Don't Call

"Marissa Mishelle"
Marissa Mishelle Marissa Mishelle (born Marissa Leigh Dubowy on October 9, 1989 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She has appeared on MTV's My Super Sweet 16 and My Super Sweet 16 Presents Exiled. She was the lead singer for the band Defy Tomorrow but left to become a solo artist. She has performed on the 2008 Vans Warped Tour and Edge Fest. Marissa is currently a member of the band Minus Ned based in LA. Marissa Mishelle's episode appeared as the season opener for the show's 3rd season. The theme for her party was ""Pretty

"Megan Duffy (actress)"
Minds"", and ""Gilmore Girls"". Megan has also appeared in music videos for Regina Spektor, Travis, RobertRandolph and the Family Band and My Chemical Romance, as well as over 50 national commercials. She plays Lucie in the feature film ""Maniac"". Megan's credits as a producer include the independent film ""Your Name Here"" starring Bill Pullman and music videos including Smashing Pumpkins's G.L.O.W. directed by Justin Coloma, Taryn Manning's band Boomkat, Torche, The Higher, Pelican (band), and The Blood Arm. Megan Duffy (actress) Megan Duffy (born August 22, 1979 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American actress and producer based in Los Angeles,

"Don't Say You Love Me (M2M song)"
theatre in Montclair, California. In the video, Raven sings the song while she is in a car with a boy, while Larsen sings and plays the guitar in front of another car. This footage is mixed with M2M singing together at the drive-in, people dancing, the projectionist struggling with his malfunctioning equipment, and the concession stand worker who has an overflowing popcorn maker. When the popcorn stand explodes, M2M continue to perform surrounded by people as popcorn rains down. Air cannons were used to fire 200 garbage bin-sized bags of popcorn into the air to create the raining popcorn effect.

"2012 Summer Olympics"
2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated. Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city on 6

Russian athletes. The two previous times the Games were held in London: 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated. Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of

by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy some southwest of London, which hosted the sailing events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK. Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in Eton Manor was pulled down. The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011. In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed. The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest. The redevelopment of the area

the table winning 46 gold medals and winning 103 medals overall. China finished second with 38 gold medals and 88 medals overall. Hosts Great Britain came in third place winning 29 gold medals and 65 medals overall in their best performance since London hosted its first Summer Olympic Games back in 1908 pushing Russia into fourth place who won 20 gold medals although they won 69 medals (4 more than Great Britain) overall. Host nation (Great Britain) The host broadcaster was Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), an agency of the IOC. The OBS used its own cameras, and crews subcontracted from

its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations. On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, ""I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say

July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid, and Paris. London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times, having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948. Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability. The main focus was a new Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford, East London. The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid. The Games received widespread acclaim for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and

public enthusiasm praised particularly highly. The opening ceremony, directed by Danny Boyle, received widespread acclaim throughout the world, particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites. During the Games, Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games. Women's boxing was included for the first time, thus the Games became the first at which every

first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed. Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold. Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country. In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of the Tickets For Troops scheme, as well as to survivors and families of those who died during 7 July 2005 London bombings.

of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the introduction of a new ""Javelin"" high-speed rail service. According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day. During the Games, Stratford International station was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games), westbound trains did not stop at Hackney Wick railway station, and Pudding Mill Lane DLR station closed entirely during the Games. TfL also built a £25 million cable

Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations. The Olympic marathon course, which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London. North Greenwich Arena 2 was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, Wembley Arena being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead. Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships or as a specially created event held

"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season"
Steelers won the AFC North for the second time in three years and made the playoffs for the third straight year. The team also improved upon their 10–6 record from 2015. Le'Veon Bell made his career first playoff appearance with the Steelers in the 2016–17 playoffs. The Steelers went on to defeat the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card round and the Kansas City Chiefs in the Divisional round before losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots 36–17 in the AFC Championship Game. This was the Steelers' first appearance in the AFC Championship Game since the 2010

"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season"
December 2, 2007. It was also the Steelers' fifth consecutive regular season win over the Packers, as well as their fifth consecutive win over the Packers in Pittsburgh. The Steelers' 462 yards of offense represented their most since December 6, 2015 against the Indianapolis Colts. After winning in a close game at home, the Steelers traveled to Cincinnati for Game 2 against the Bengals. The Bengals scored first in the first quarter when Randy Bullock kicked a 35-yard field goal to make it 3–0. They would then make it 10–0 when Andy Dalton found A.J. Green on an 8-yard pass.

quarter, this would be the final score of the game. With the win, the Steelers finished their season at 13–3, marking their most wins since 2004, and tied for the third-most wins in team history. The team also won its 10th straight game over a divisional opponent. They also swept the division for the first time since 2008 and became the first AFC North team to sweep the division since the Ravens in 2011. The Steelers faced the Jaguars in the Divisional Round. The Jags jumped out to leads of 7–0 and 14–0 when Leonard Fournette ran for touchdowns from

over Minnesota in series history. The Steelers traveled to Chicago to take on the Bears. In the first quarter, the Bears scored first when Jordan Howard ran for a 3-yard touchdown to take a 7–0 lead for the only score of the quarter. In the second quarter, the Steelers managed to tie it up at 7–7 when Ben Roethlisberger found Antonio Brown on a 7-yard pass. The Bears moved ahead by double digits later on when Mike Glennon found Adam Shaheen on a 2-yard pass to make it 14–7. This would be followed up by Connor Barth's 24-yard field goal

2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 85th season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League. It was the 18th season under leadership of general manager Kevin Colbert and the eleventh under head coach Mike Tomlin. It was also the Steelers' first season since the death of Dan Rooney. The Steelers clinched the AFC North division title for the second consecutive season with a 39–38 win over the Baltimore Ravens in Week 14, and secured a first-round playoff bye for the first time since 2010 following a 34–6

Browns retook the lead when Cody Parkey nailed a 34-yard field goal to make it 24–21. The Steelers would eventually score the game-winning touchdown when Jones found Cobi Hamilton on a 26-yard pass to make the final score 27–24. With the win, the Steelers finished their season 11–5. The team also won seven games in a row for the first time since 2004 and finished the season 6-2 at home. The Steelers had wrapped the regular season up with the #3 seed and played against the sixth-seeded Dolphins at home. The Steelers would draw first blood with Ben Roethlisberger finding

NFL Season. This was also the final season under the ownership of Dan Rooney, as he died on April 13, 2017. Notes All undrafted free agents were signed after the 2016 NFL draft concluded on April 30 unless otherwise noted. The Steelers' preseason opponents and schedule was announced on April 7. Dates and times were announced on April 14. The Steelers' regular season schedule was announced on April 14. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Steelers opened their 2016 season on the road against the Redskins. In the first quarter, the Redskins got on the board jumping out

win over the Houston Texans in Week 16. In the Divisional Round however, the Steelers suffered a loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars by a score of 45–42 after falling behind 28–14 at halftime. After their loss, the Steelers were criticized for looking past the Jaguars and anticipating a rematch with the New England Patriots. With a record of 13–3, the Steelers posted their best mark since 2004. Notes The Steelers' regular season schedule was announced on April 20. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Steelers started their season on the road against the Browns. They scored first in

team also managed to win their 9th straight game over a divisional opponent. They would win 8 in a row during a single season for the first time since 2004. Pittsburgh notched their first 3-game win streak over the Ravens since defeating them three times during the 2008 season (including the playoffs). The teams' 77 combined points marked the most in series history. The team also swept the Ravens for the first time since 2008. With the division clinched, the team would win consecutive titles for the first time since the 2007 and 2008 seasons. The Steelers' second consecutive 11+

pulled away as Boswell kicked a 22-yard field goal making it 17–3. In the fourth quarter, the Browns drew closer as backup QB Josh McCown threw a 14-yard touchdown pass to Gary Barnidge (with a failed PAT) to make the score 17–9. However, later on, the Steelers sealed the game when Javon Hargrave recovered a fumble in the end zone to make the final score 24–9. With their four-game losing streak coming to a stop, the Steelers improved to 5–5. Also, they move back into a tie on top of the AFC North due to the Ravens' loss to the

"Rainy Days and Mondays"
RIAA. The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album ""Carpenters"", popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is ""Saturday"", written and sung by Richard Carpenter. Rainy Days and Mondays ""Rainy Days and Mondays"" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carole King kept it from number

Rainy Days and Mondays ""Rainy Days and Mondays"" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carole King kept it from number 1. ""Rainy Days and Mondays"" was the duo's fourth number 1 song on the Adult Contemporary singles chart. However, the song failed to chart in the United Kingdom until it went to number 63 in a reissue there in 1993. ""Rainy Days and Mondays"" was certified Gold by the

"Yellow Days"
Dee and Jonah Jones. Yellow Days ""La mentira (Se te olvida)"", known in English as ""Yellow Days"", is a bolero written by Álvaro Carrillo around 1965. Alan Bernstein wrote the song's lyrics in English. It has become a Latin and jazz standard, having been featured as the theme song of films and ""telenovelas"", as well as being covered by artists such as Frank Sinatra, who sang it to an arrangement by Billy May. It appeared on the ""Francis A. & Edward K."" (Sinatra and Duke Ellington) album on Reprise. It has also been covered by Jerry Vale, the Sandpipers, Anita

Yellow Days ""La mentira (Se te olvida)"", known in English as ""Yellow Days"", is a bolero written by Álvaro Carrillo around 1965. Alan Bernstein wrote the song's lyrics in English. It has become a Latin and jazz standard, having been featured as the theme song of films and ""telenovelas"", as well as being covered by artists such as Frank Sinatra, who sang it to an arrangement by Billy May. It appeared on the ""Francis A. & Edward K."" (Sinatra and Duke Ellington) album on Reprise. It has also been covered by Jerry Vale, the Sandpipers, Anita Bryant, Johnny Mann, Lenny

Monday
businesses owned by Latter-Day Saints close early on Mondays so they and their customers are able to spend more time with their families. A number of popular songs in Western culture feature Monday, often as a day of depression, anxiety, avolition, hysteria, or melancholy (mostly because of its association with the first day of the work week). For example, ""Monday, Monday"" (1966) from the Mamas & the Papas, ""Rainy Days and Mondays"" (1971) from the Carpenters, ""I Don't Like Mondays"" (1979) from the Boomtown Rats, and ""Manic Monday"" (1986) from the Bangles (written by Prince). There is a band named

"Seven Lonely Days"
Seven Lonely Days ""Seven Lonely Days"" is a song written by Earl Shuman, Alden Shuman, and Marshall Brown. It was originally recorded by American singer Georgia Gibbs with orchestra conducted by Glenn Osser and the Yale Bros. choir in December 1952 and released in February 1953, peaking at number 5 in the US chart. The song was later performed by Bonnie Lou, The Crows with Viola Watkins, The Pinetoppers And The Marlin Sisters, Gisele MacKenzie, Ivo Robić, Kitty Wells, The Teddy Bears, Patsy Cline, The Migil 5, Wanda Jackson, Dave Dudley, Dan Folger, Jean Shepard, Owen Gray, Lynn Anderson, Sheila

"Monday, Monday"
Monday, Monday ""Monday, Monday"" is a 1966 song written by John Phillips and recorded by the Mamas & the Papas using background instruments played by members of The Wrecking Crew for their 1966 album ""If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears"". It was the group's only #1 hit on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Phillips said that he wrote the song quickly, in about 20 minutes. The song includes a false ending, when there is a pause before the coda of the song, and goes up a half note for the bridges and refrains of the song. On March

"Days (The Kinks song)"
Days (The Kinks song) ""Days"" is a song by the Kinks, written by lead singer Ray Davies, released as a single in 1968. It also appeared on an early version of the album ""The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society"" (released only in continental Europe and New Zealand). It now appears as a bonus track of the remastered CD. On the original Pye 7N 17573 label, the name of the song is ""Day's"" due to a grammatical error. The song was an important single for Davies and the Kinks, coming in a year of declining commercial fortunes for the

"Happy Days and Lonely Nights"
Happy Days and Lonely Nights ""Happy Days and Lonely Nights"" is a torch song written by Billy Rose and Fred Fisher, which Ruth Etting introduced in 1928. The song was successfully revived in the 1950s in the US by the Fontane Sisters and in the UK most successfully by Ruby Murray. Ruth Etting made her recording of the song in New York City on 24 May 1928 for release on Columbia Records. This version was ranked as high as #9 on the hit parade. 1928 also saw a version of ""Happy Days and Lonely Nights"" credited to the Knickerbockers actually

"Time of the Season"
Time of the Season ""Time of the Season"" is a song by the British rock band the Zombies, featured on their 1968 album ""Odessey and Oracle"". It was written by keyboard player Rod Argent and recorded at Abbey Road Studios in August 1967. Several other songs from ""Odessey and Oracle"" were released as singles prior to ""Time of the Season"". Columbia Records supported the album and its singles at the urging of new A&R representative Al Kooper. One of the singles issued on Columbia's Date label was the non-commercial-sounding ""Butcher's Tale"", which Columbia thought might catch on as an anti-war

"Sampaguita (singer)"
Sampaguita (singer) Tessy Alfonso, better known by her stage name Sampaguita, is a Pinoy rock singer from the Philippines, active during the 1970s and 1980s. Sampaguita had released several albums and songs that went successful and now considered classics. She is also dubbed as the queen of Filipino rock music. Sampaguita started out as a model under then-First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos' ""Bagong Anyo"". She was discovered by her then-husband Nilo Santos. Her stage name was coined by the percussionist Nick Boogie, after the species of jasmine locally known as ""sampaguita"", which is also the national flower. Her first performance was

"Ademilde Fonseca"
Ademilde Fonseca Ademilde Fonseca (nicknamed Queen of Chorinho; born on March 4, 1921 in São Gonçalo do Amarante; died on March 27, 2012 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian Choro singer, a genre of music that fuses popular European music and the music of African slaves. Ademilde Fonseca was popularly known as the ""Queen of Chorinho"". She was born born on March 4, 1921 in Pirituba area of São Gonçalo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast Region of Brazil. She died of a heart attack on March 27, 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. at the

"Sylvia La Torre"
in Manila. She started performing in theater during World War II. In 1948, she joined the Manila Grand Opera House. Her first song release was ""Si Petite Mon Amour"" under the Bataan Records label in 1950. She later moved to Villar Records. She was known as ""The Queen of Kundiman"" in the 1950s and 1960s. She began to make films in 1941 (""Ang maestra""), moving to Sampaguita Pictures, the studio her father worked at as a director. She now lives in Los Angeles. Sylvia La Torre Sylvia La Torre (born June 4, 1933 in Manila, Philippines), known as ""The Queen

"Susan Fuentes"
again and get to know them better following years of estrangement. Fuentes died on September 7, 2013, after prolong confinement at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute. It was revealed that she had been in battle with colon cancer. The JRG Halad Foundation hosted a tribute for Fuentes and the late Cebuano Maestro Mil Villareal, who also died in the same month, on September 30. Susan Fuentes Susan Fuentes (1 November 1954 – 7 September 2013) was a Filipino singer known as the ""Queen of Visayan Songs"". She recorded and popularized Visayan classics such as ""Matud Nila"" (""They Say"" in

"Milly Quezada"
Milly Quezada Milagros Quezada Borbón, known simply as Milly Quezada, (born May 21, 1955) is a multiple Latin Grammy-winning Dominican Merengue music singer. She is a singer in Latin America; especially in those Latin American countries bordered by the Caribbean Sea, and in the eastern seaboard region of the United States. She is also known as Merengue Queen. She has won four Latin Grammy Awards. Milly Quezada was born in Santo Domingo, the daughter of two Cibao natives and sister of four musician brothers. Growing up in such a musical family, Quezada became interested in music as a toddler—she would

"Lourdes Van-Dúnem"
Lourdes Van-Dúnem Maria de Lourdes Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem (April 29, 1935 — January 4, 2006) was an Angolan singer. Usually called Lourdes Van-Dúnem, she was born in Luanda, and rose to stardom in the 1960s with the group Ngola Ritmos. She recorded her first album, ""Monami"", with this group. She toured several times in Portugal, Algeria, and Brazil, in addition to performances in Angola. After her first album, most of her career was spent with the group Jovens do Prenda. She received several awards and honors, the notable of which being ""the Most Powerful of the Angolan music."" during

given Quezada that symbolic award: Milly Quezada Milagros Quezada Borbón, known simply as Milly Quezada, (born May 21, 1955) is a multiple Latin Grammy-winning Dominican Merengue music singer. She is a singer in Latin America; especially in those Latin American countries bordered by the Caribbean Sea, and in the eastern seaboard region of the United States. She is also known as Merengue Queen. She has won four Latin Grammy Awards. Milly Quezada was born in Santo Domingo, the daughter of two Cibao natives and sister of four musician brothers. Growing up in such a musical family, Quezada became interested in

Susan Fuentes Susan Fuentes (1 November 1954 – 7 September 2013) was a Filipino singer known as the ""Queen of Visayan Songs"". She recorded and popularized Visayan classics such as ""Matud Nila"" (""They Say"" in English; ""Sabi Nila"" in Filipino), ""Gimingaw Ako"" (I Feel Lonesome), ""Usahay"" (""Sometimes"" in English; ""Minsan"" in Filipino), ""Rosas Pandan"" and ""Miss Kita Kung Christmas"". Fuentes was born as ""Susan Toyogon"" in 1954. At age five, Fuentes was already joining amateur singing contests in Butuan City. While still in high school at Agusan National High School, she was featured in the defunct Bisaya magazine for her

She died of typhoid on 4 January 2006 and was survived by her daughter. The President of Angola, José Eduardo dos Santos, attended her funeral. Lourdes Van-Dúnem Maria de Lourdes Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem (April 29, 1935 — January 4, 2006) was an Angolan singer. Usually called Lourdes Van-Dúnem, she was born in Luanda, and rose to stardom in the 1960s with the group Ngola Ritmos. She recorded her first album, ""Monami"", with this group. She toured several times in Portugal, Algeria, and Brazil, in addition to performances in Angola. After her first album, most of her career was spent

Miguel Romero). Kowboy Santos, is also a musician, and is the frontman of the band Generation. Alfonso currently resides in Parañaque City with Romero and their daughter, Jacinta. ""Sampaguita"" (1978) ""Vol. 2"" (1980) ""Beatwave"" (1984) ""Sa Ngayon"" (1992) Sampaguita (singer) Tessy Alfonso, better known by her stage name Sampaguita, is a Pinoy rock singer from the Philippines, active during the 1970s and 1980s. Sampaguita had released several albums and songs that went successful and now considered classics. She is also dubbed as the queen of Filipino rock music. Sampaguita started out as a model under then-First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos' ""Bagong

"Outlaw (2007 film)"
smiles menacingly, and pulls the trigger. The film was largely shot on location in Gloucestershire; with Lydney Harbour Industrial Estate, Gloucester Quays and Cheltenham's Thistle Hotel all featuring in the film. ""Outlaw"" entered the UK box office at No. 5 in its first week, but then dropped before closing at many cinemas. The DVD was released on 9 July 2007. Outlaw opened to highly negative reviews from critics upon its release; the ""Daily Mirror"" slammed the film, calling it 'simplistic' and 'muddled' and giving it 2/5 and 1/5 in their Friday and Sunday issues respectively. The ""Guardian"" described it as

"The Outlaw Josey Wales"
also a previous Academy Award nominee, was cast by Eastwood against Kaufman's wishes as the granddaughter of the old settler woman, Laura Lee. This marked the beginning of a close relationship between Eastwood and Locke that would last six films and the beginning of a romance that would last into the late 1980s. Ferris Webster was hired as the film's editor and Jerry Fielding as composer. Principal photography began on October 6, 1975 in Lake Powell. A rift between Eastwood and Kaufman developed during the filming. Kaufman insisted on filming with a meticulous attention to detail, which caused disagreements with

Eastwood, not to mention the attraction the two shared towards Locke and apparent jealousy on Kaufman's part in regard to their emerging relationship. One evening, Kaufman insisted on finding a beer can as a prop to be used in a scene, but while he was absent, Eastwood ordered Surtees to quickly shoot the scene as light was fading and then drove away, leaving before Kaufman had returned. Soon after, filming moved to Kanab, Utah. On October 24, 1975, Kaufman was fired at Eastwood's command by producer Bob Daley. The sacking caused an outrage amongst the Directors Guild of America and

"The Secret of Roan Inish"
the film was shot in Donegal, Ireland, with some scenes being filmed at the Isle of Mull in Argyll, Scotland. It holds a 95% ""Certified Fresh"" and average rating of 7.8/10 on review site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 44 reviews. Scott Rosenberg of SFGate describes it as being ""a lot like the island it's named after: It seems to occupy a time of its own, cut off from the speed and overload of contemporary life and drifting to its own ancient rhythms."" Critic Stephen Holden, film critic for ""The New York Times"", liked the film's direction. He wrote, """"The Secret

"Outlaw King"
was crowned King Edward II, only to be killed by his own lords. Three hundred years later, Robert's descendant unified the crowns of England and Scotland. Principal photography began on 28 August 2017 on location in both Scotland and England. Filming took place in various locations including Linlithgow Palace & Loch, and St Michael's Parish Church, Borthwick Castle, Doune Castle, Craigmillar Castle, Dunfermline Abbey, Glasgow Cathedral, Muiravonside Country Park, Mugdock Country Park, Aviemore, Isle of Skye (Talisker Bay, Coral Beaches and Loch Dunvegan), Glen Coe, Loch Lomond, Gargunnock, University of Glasgow, Blackness Castle, Seacliff Beach and Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth (the

able to finish making the film efficiently. Upon release in August 1976, ""The Outlaw Josey Wales"" was widely acclaimed by critics, many of whom saw Eastwood's role as an iconic one, relating it with much of America's ancestral past and the destiny of the nation after the American Civil War. The film was pre-screened at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts and Humanities in Idaho in a six-day conference entitled ""Western Movies: Myths and Images"". Academics such as Bruce Jackson, critics such as Jay Cocks and Arthur Knight and directors such as King Vidor, Henry King, William Wyler and

of government was insane"". He also felt that that element of the script needed to be severely toned down, but, he later said, ""Clint didn't, and it was his film"". Kaufman was later fired by Eastwood, who took over the film's direction himself. Cinematographer Bruce Surtees, James Fargo, and Fritz Manes scouted for locations and eventually found sites in Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, and Oroville, California even before they saw the final script. Kaufman cast Chief Dan George, who had been nominated for an Academy Award for Supporting Actor in ""Little Big Man"", as the old Cherokee Lone Watie. Sondra Locke,

The Outlaw Josey Wales The Outlaw Josey Wales is a 1976 American revisionist Western DeLuxe Color and Panavision film set during and after the American Civil War. It was directed by and starred Clint Eastwood (as the eponymous Josey Wales), with Chief Dan George, Sondra Locke, Sam Bottoms, and Geraldine Keams. The film tells the story of Josey Wales, a Missouri farmer whose family is murdered by Union militants during the Civil War. Driven to revenge, Wales joins a Confederate guerrilla band and fights in the Civil War. After the war, all the fighters in Wales' group except for Wales

statement on mankind, if that's what it takes. The Outlaw Josey Wales The Outlaw Josey Wales is a 1976 American revisionist Western DeLuxe Color and Panavision film set during and after the American Civil War. It was directed by and starred Clint Eastwood (as the eponymous Josey Wales), with Chief Dan George, Sondra Locke, Sam Bottoms, and Geraldine Keams. The film tells the story of Josey Wales, a Missouri farmer whose family is murdered by Union militants during the Civil War. Driven to revenge, Wales joins a Confederate guerrilla band and fights in the Civil War. After the war, all

"The Outlaw (play)"
to continue his studies and gaining him confidence and reputation as a writer. The story is set in Iceland, inside a rough shewn log building with wooden benches along two walls, a wood throne on the third wall, two windows and a single door on the fourth wall. Gunlöd, the daughter of Viking leader Thorfinn, stands quietly at an open window, and gazes out over the ocean. Valgerd, her mother, speaks about their shared grief over father Thorfinn's hard and unloving manner. In addition to the family's move from Sweden to Iceland, Gunlöd laments at having been forced to part

seasons. Nine players and three coaches and administrators on the team have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh still remains the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice and four Super Bowls in a six-year period. The Steelers' dynasty was interrupted only by the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI win and the Cowboys winning their second Super Bowl of the decade. In the 1980s and 1990s, the tables turned for the AFC, as the NFC dominated the Super Bowls of the new decade and most of those in the 1990s. The NFC won 16 of

"Pittsburgh Steelers"
(16) and hosted more conference championship games (11) than any other NFL team. The Steelers have won 8 AFC championships, tied with the Denver Broncos, but behind the New England Patriots' record 10 AFC championships. The Steelers share the record for second most Super Bowl appearances with the Broncos, and Dallas Cowboys (8). The Steelers lost their most recent championship appearance, Super Bowl XLV, on February 6, 2011. The Steelers, whose history traces to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s, joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8, 1933, owned by Art Rooney

"Super Bowl XLVI"
the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s) and the second and third to appear in Super Bowls in four consecutive decades (joining the Pittsburgh Steelers). The Giants became the first team in Super Bowl history to win Super Bowls in four different decades (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011). The Patriots became the first team in Super Bowl history to lose Super Bowls in four different decades (1985, 1996, 2007, 2011). Dan Shaughnessy said in a piece in ""The Boston Globe"" about Boston on the loss to the Giants under the headline, ""History Repeats"": ""Instead of celebrating a grand slam–championships in every major

team), earned the most All-Pro nominations, and have accumulated the most Super Bowl wins (6) since the modern game started in 1970. Since the merger, the team's playoff record is 33–19 (.635), which is second best in terms of playoff winning percentage behind the Green Bay Packers' playoff record of 28–16 (.636), through January 23, 2011. The franchise, along with the Rooney family have for generations been strong advocates for equality of opportunity for both minorities and women. Among these achievements of the Steelers was the first to hire an African-American Assistant Coach (September 29, 1957 with Lowell Perry), the

their dark-colored uniform in more recent years are the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV and the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, with teams in white winning 12 of the last 14 Super Bowls. The 49ers, as part of the league's 75th Anniversary celebration, used their 1955 throwback uniform in Super Bowl XXIX, which for that year was their regular home jersey. No team has yet worn a third jersey or Color Rush uniform for the Super Bowl. Fifteen different regions have hosted Super Bowls. A total of 26

"Super Bowl XXX"
most of any franchise; the Steelers tied this record in 2010 when that team advanced to Super Bowl XLV. The Patriots became the third team to reach the mark in 2014 when that team went on to win Super Bowl XLIX, and the Denver Broncos the fourth team in 2015 in Super Bowl 50. After taking over the Cowboys in 1989, team owner/general manager Jerry Jones and head coach Jimmy Johnson rebuilt the team into a Super Bowl contender with young talent. Both had different ideas on the future personnel plans for the Cowboys, and both wanted equal credit for

"History of Unix"
Group, was ""unanimously [found]"" to be the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights. The SCO Group, through bankruptcy trustee Edward Cahn, decided to continue the lawsuit against IBM for causing a decline in SCO revenues. On March 1, 2016, SCO's lawsuit against IBM was dismissed with prejudice. In 2005, Sun Microsystems released the bulk of its Solaris system code (based on UNIX System V Release 4) into an open source project called OpenSolaris. New Sun OS technologies, notably the ZFS file system, were first released as open source code via the OpenSolaris project. Soon afterwards, OpenSolaris spawned several non-Sun

accompanied by according to legend a note signed, ""Love, Ken”. In 1973, AT&T released Version 5 Unix and licensed it to educational institutions, and licensed 1975's Version 6 to companies for the first time. While commercial users were rare because of the cost, the latter was the most widely used version into the early 1980s. Anyone could purchase a license, but the terms were very restrictive; licensees only received the source code, on an as is basis. The licenses also included the machine-dependent parts of the kernel, written in PDP-11 assembly language. Copies of the ""Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th

FreeBSD
FreeBSD FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). FreeBSD is a direct descendant of BSD, which was historically called ""BSD Unix"" or ""Berkeley Unix"" (in violation of the UNIX trademark). The first version of FreeBSD was released in 1993, and as of 2005 FreeBSD was the most widely used open-source BSD operating system, accounting for more than three-quarters of all installed BSD systems. FreeBSD has similarities with Linux, with two major differences in scope and licensing: FreeBSD maintains a complete system, i.e. the project delivers a kernel, device

own development, rebranding their product Digital UNIX in early 1995. POSIX became the unifying standard for Unix systems (and some other operating systems). Meanwhile, the BSD world saw its own developments. The group at Berkeley moved its operating system toward POSIX compliance and released a stripped down version of its networking code, supposedly without any code that was the property of AT&T. In 1991, a group of BSD developers (Donn Seeley, Mike Karels, Bill Jolitz, and Trent Hein) left the University of California to found Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi), which sold a fully functional commercial version of BSD Unix

Unix-like
a trademark, but lost his case, and lost again on appeal, with the court upholding the trademark and its ownership. ""Unix-like"" systems started to appear in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many proprietary versions, such as Idris (1978), UNOS (1982), Coherent (1983), and UniFlex (1985), aimed to provide businesses with the functionality available to academic users of UNIX. When AT&T allowed relatively inexpensive commercial binary sub-licensing of UNIX in 1979, a variety of proprietary systems were developed based on it, including AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, SunOS, Tru64, Ultrix, and Xenix. These largely displaced the proprietary clones. Growing incompatibility among these

"Berkeley Software Distribution"
Berkeley Software Distribution The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix-based operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995. Today, ""BSD"" is often used non-specifically to refer to several of its descendants, including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFly BSD. BSD was initially called Berkeley Unix because it shared the same source code with AT&T Research Unix. In the 1980s, BSD was widely adopted by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix variants such as DEC Ultrix and Sun Microsystems SunOS, due to its permissive licensing,

Unix
Unix Unix (; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX), and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). In the early 1990s, AT&T sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold

distributions. In 2010, after Oracle acquired Sun, OpenSolaris was officially discontinued, but the development of derivatives continued. Since the early 2000s, Linux is the leading Unix-like operating system, with other variants of Unix (apart from macOS) having only a negligible market share (see Usage share of operating systems). History of Unix The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe. Multics introduced many innovations, but had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the

Unix
language, but in 1973, Version 4 Unix was rewritten in C. Version 4 Unix, however, still had many PDP-11 dependent codes, and is not suitable for porting. The first port to other platform was made five years later (1978) for Interdata 8/32. Bell Labs produced several versions of Unix that are collectively referred to as ""Research Unix"". In 1975, the first source license for ""UNIX"" was sold to Donald B. Gillies at the University of Illinois Department of Computer Science. UIUC graduate student Greg Chesson, who had worked on the UNIX kernel at Bell Labs, was instrumental in negotiating the

Unix
terms of the license. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large-scale adoption of Unix (BSD and System V) by commercial startups, including Sequent, HP-UX, Solaris, AIX, and Xenix. In the late 1980s, AT&T Unix System Laboratories and Sun Microsystems developed System V Release 4 (SVR4), which was subsequently adopted by many commercial Unix vendors. In the 1990s, Unix and Unix-like systems grew in popularity as BSD and Linux distributions were developed through collaboration by a worldwide network of programmers. In 2000, Apple released Darwin, also a Unix system, which became

"John Obi Mikel"
Clattenburg during a 3–2 defeat to Manchester United. On 5 December 2012, Mikel signed a contract extension with Chelsea, keeping him at the club until 2017. On 21 September 2013, Mikel scored his first-ever Premier League goal in a 2–0 win against Fulham. He scored his second goal of the season in Chelsea's third round tie with Derby County on 5 January 2014, heading in the opening goal in an eventual 2–0 victory. He made his 200th Premier League appearance for Chelsea on 3 February, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 away victory at Manchester City. On

July, Mikel signed a new five-year contract with Chelsea. On 13 February 2010, Mikel provided a long ball for Didier Drogba to latch onto and fire past goalkeeper David Marshall as Chelsea beat Cardiff City 4–1 in the FA Cup Round of 16. Mikel provided another assist for a Drogba goal in a 5–0 win over FA Cup finalists and relegated side Portsmouth on 24 March, as Chelsea cut United's lead at the top of the table to one point. Mikel played the full ninety minutes in Chelsea's 7–1 smashing of Aston Villa three days later as Chelsea kept pace

have strong reservations about his lifestyle outside of Stamford Bridge, and the club were reportedly considering offloading the player. Mikel was dropped for over a month, during which his father Michael voiced his concerns over his son's behaviour. After improved punctuality and showings at training sessions, Mikel earned a recall for Chelsea's Champions League group stage away game against Werder Bremen on 23 November 2006. He scored his first goal for Chelsea in their 6–1 FA Cup victory over Macclesfield Town on 6 January 2007. He also scored against Nottingham Forest in the following round of the competition. During Chelsea's

Mikel appeared in 16 of the club's last 20 games and started in 14 of them, and began to play some of his best football for the club. Mikel played the full 90 minutes in Chelsea's 2–1 victory over Liverpool in the 2012 FA Cup Final on 5 May 2012, picking up a yellow card in the 36th minute. The 2011–12 Premier League campaign saw Mikel appear in 22 league fixtures, starting 15 of them, as well as playing in eight fixtures leading up to the team's appearance in the 2012 Champions League Final against Bayern Munich. In the final

court of law."" This claim was subsequently resolved out of court. On 12 September 2006, Mikel made his first start for Chelsea in the UEFA Champions League against Bulgarian club Levski Sofia and took a powerful shot which the goalkeeper failed to save and Didier Drogba pounced on the rebound. Mikel received many positive comments for his performance in the match. However, since being sent off in a match against Reading on 14 October 2006, Mikel was fined on three separate occasions by Chelsea for turning up late to training. At the time, Chelsea manager José Mourinho was believed to

"Mikel Arteta"
role at Arsenal, particularly after the sale of Alex Song to Barcelona in 2012. With 100 fouls committed against him in the 2006–07 season, he was the most fouled player in the Premier League. He was an extremely potent creative force thanks mainly to his pinpoint crossing ability and propensity for the killer pass, with his total of 12 league assists in the 2006–07 season being third to Cesc Fàbregas and Cristiano Ronaldo. Arteta's wife is the former Miss Spain Lorena Bernal. with whom he has three sons, Gabriel, Daniel and Oliver. He is close friends with Xabi Alonso. The

"Michael Klukowski"
three-year deal. He made his debut for the club in a 1–1 home draw against Kayserispor on 27 August 2010. Michael scored his first goal in Turkey on 4 December 2010 in a 1–1 home draw against Sivasspor, he scored the opening goal in the 11th minute at the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium until Erman Kılıç tied it up with a goal in the 56th. In early April 2011 it was announced that Klukowski was leaving his Turkish club Ankaragucu over unpaid wages, the club was in the news earlier that year when former England international Darius Vassell was kicked

"Michael Duberry"
Bournemouth. Duberry made a total of 115 appearances for Chelsea and scored 3 goals, including one in a 2–1 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford in November 1996. His two other Chelsea goals came in their 1995–96 FA Cup campaign, with goals against Grimsby Town and Wimbledon. He won the League Cup, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the European Super Cup with Chelsea, all in 1998, but faced stiff competition for a place in the side from the likes of Marcel Desailly and Frank Leboeuf. Duberry picked up an Achilles tendon injury in January 1997 meaning he missed

"Marc Richards"
form by the season's mid-way point. He managed to equal his previous season best tally of twelve goals by January 2010. Despite this he told the press that he did not take a fresh contract in May for granted, though Adams insisted that he would offer Richards a new contract. On 13 March, Richards scored his first professional hat-trick in six years, during a 5–0 win over Chesterfield at Saltergate; he scored with a lob, a long range strike with his left foot, and a header. He finished the campaign with a tally of 22 goals – more than double

in the second half of the season. Mikel featured in 28 Premier League campaigns for Chelsea as the London side finished in second place, nine points behind champions Manchester United. Following the disappointment of not winning a title, Chelsea manager Carlo Ancelotti was sacked by the club. Before the start of their league campaign, Mikel's father was abducted in his native Nigeria on 10 August; despite this, Mikel started in the club's opening fixture against Stoke City at Britannia Stadium. Mikel came close to claiming his first Premier League goal for Chelsea in an inspired game as the sides played

"Kelly Blatz"
Kelly Blatz Kelly Steven Blatz (born June 16, 1987) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing the lead role in ""Aaron Stone"". Blatz made his acting debut in Simon Says (2006), then appeared in ""The 7,"" (2006), then in the 2008 remake of ""Prom Night"" with Brittany Snow and Idris Elba. The same year he went on to play the psychopathic son of a preacher in Phedon Papamichael's intense thriller ""From Within"" with Thomas Dekker and Jared Harris, which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. In 2009, Blatz played the lead in the independent feature

"Warren Kole"
Warren Kole Warren David Blosjo, Jr. (born September 23, 1977) known professionally as Warren Kole, is an American actor known for his role as LAPD Detective Wes Mitchell on the USA Network original series ""Common Law"". He also played Roderick on the FOX original series ""The Following"" in its first season, and starred as FBI Agent Robert Stahl in the NBC crime drama ""Shades of Blue"". Kole was born in San Antonio, Texas, and he spent much of his early life in the Washington, D.C. area. He studied acting at Boston University in Massachusetts where he began his career performing

"Ryan Kelley"
neither audience nor Kelley himself knows what sort of creature Parrish is but later found out that he is a Hellhound in the summer finale of season five. Ryan Kelley Ryan Jonathan Kelley (born August 31, 1986) is an American actor who is known for his roles in ""Mean Creek"", ""Prayers for Bobby"", and as Ben Tennyson in """". His most recent role is as Deputy Jordan Parrish on ""Teen Wolf Kelley was born and raised in a western suburb of Chicago, Glen Ellyn, Illinois. He is the fifth eldest of 15 siblings (9 brothers and 6 sisters), and was

"Brady Corbet"
Brady Corbet Brady James Monson Corbet (; born August 17, 1988) is an American actor and filmmaker. Corbet is known for playing Mason Freeland in the film ""Thirteen"", Brian Lackey in the film ""Mysterious Skin"", Alan Tracy in the 2004 film ""Thunderbirds"", and Peter in the 2007 film ""Funny Games"". He has made guest appearances on many television shows. He made his feature film directorial debut with ""The Childhood of a Leader"" and won Best Debut film and Best Director award at 72nd Venice International Film Festival. Corbet played Derek Huxley, the son of Jack Bauer's (Kiefer Sutherland) new girlfriend,

"Dee Jay Daniels"
21, 2012. Dee Jay Daniels Dee Jay Daniels (born Dorjan Lyndell Daniels; October 17, 1988) is an American television actor. Daniels is best known for his role as Michael Hughley on the D. L. Hughley sitcom, ""The Hughleys"", playing the son of Hughley's character. He also appeared in several shows including ""In the House"", ""Coach"", ""The Wayans Bros."", ""Grace Under Fire"" and ""Cold Case"". He also had a supporting role as Ethan in the 2005 Disney film, ""Sky High"". Daniels was arrested for murder in Stockton, California in 2011 in the alleged stabbing death of J.J Lewis. He was acquitted

Dee Jay Daniels Dee Jay Daniels (born Dorjan Lyndell Daniels; October 17, 1988) is an American television actor. Daniels is best known for his role as Michael Hughley on the D. L. Hughley sitcom, ""The Hughleys"", playing the son of Hughley's character. He also appeared in several shows including ""In the House"", ""Coach"", ""The Wayans Bros."", ""Grace Under Fire"" and ""Cold Case"". He also had a supporting role as Ethan in the 2005 Disney film, ""Sky High"". Daniels was arrested for murder in Stockton, California in 2011 in the alleged stabbing death of J.J Lewis. He was acquitted on December

"Zachary Booth"
Zachary Booth Zachary Booth (born 1983) is an American actor. He appeared in several productions with the Peterborough Players in Peterborough, NH, before starring in The N's ""What Goes On"" as openly gay teen Ethan and on FX's ""Damages"", as Michael Hewes, the son of lawyer Patty Hewes (Glenn Close). Booth is a 2004 BFA graduate of the University of Michigan. Booth had supporting roles in the films ""Assassination of a High School President"" alongside Mischa Barton, and ""The Marc Pease Experience"" with Ben Stiller. In 2009 he had a role in the Ang Lee film ""Taking Woodstock"" as a

when was the last time university of michigan won a national championship

"University of Michigan"
2015 season) and first among FBS schools in winning percentage (.731). The team won the first Rose Bowl game in 1902. U-M had 40 consecutive winning seasons from 1968 to 2007, including consecutive bowl game appearances from 1975 to 2007. The Wolverines have won a record 42 Big Ten championships. The program has 11 national championships, most recently in 1997, and has produced three Heisman Trophy winners: Tom Harmon, Desmond Howard and Charles Woodson. Michigan Stadium is the largest college football stadium in the nation and one of the largest football-only stadiums in the world, with an official capacity of

Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year All-Americans National Coach of the Year Big Ten Coach of the Year The University of Michigan has an all-time 59–27* (52–23) record overall and 1–6* (1–4) championship game record in the NCAA Tournaments in 28* (24) appearances. Glen Rice holds the NCAA single-tournament scoring record with 184 points in 1989. The 1992 Final Four and all 1993, 1996, & 1998 games have been forfeited due to NCAA sanctions. The NCAA began seeding the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with the 1979 edition. The 64-team field started in 1985, which guaranteed that a

compiled a 31–20 record, including an 18–14 record in Big Ten play. On December 30, 2014, the University announced the hiring of Jim Harbaugh as the team's 20th head coach. Harbaugh, who was starting quarterback in the mid 1980s under Bo Schembechler, had most recently served as head coach of the San Francisco 49ers. In his first season, Harbaugh led Michigan to a 10–3 record, including a 41–7 win over the Florida Gators in the 2016 Citrus Bowl. The squad achieved an identical 10–3 record during the 2016 season, which ended with a 33–32 loss to Florida State in the

"White Wedding (song)"
White Wedding (song) ""White Wedding"" is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album ""Billy Idol"" in 1982. It is often considered one of his most recognizable songs, although other Idol songs charted higher. In the US, it peaked at No. 110 on the ""Billboard"" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart on 27 November 1982, then reached No. 36 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on 2 July 1983 after it was re-issued. In the UK it reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart upon its re-release there in 1985 and 1988, when it was re-issued to promote

""Ritual""; the song's chorus contains the line, ""it's a nice night for a black wedding,"" an obvious homage to Idol's 1982 hit ""White Wedding."" Due to claimed scheduling difficulties, Rob Halford of Judas Priest was featured on the track instead. Notes: White Wedding (song) ""White Wedding"" is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album ""Billy Idol"" in 1982. It is often considered one of his most recognizable songs, although other Idol songs charted higher. In the US, it peaked at No. 110 on the ""Billboard"" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart on 27 November 1982, then reached

"White Christmas (song)"
1975, as a secret, pre-arranged signal precipitating the U.S. evacuation from Saigon. Irving Berlin's opening verse is often dropped in recordings. It is included on ""A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records"", sung by Darlene Love; on Barbra Streisand's ""A Christmas Album""; on the Carpenters' ""Christmas Portrait"", sung by Karen Carpenter; on Neil Diamond's ""The Christmas Album;"" on Bette Midler's ""Cool Yule""; on Libera's ""Christmas Album""; and on Crash Test Dummies' ""Jingle All the Way"". ""White Christmas"" is the most-recorded Christmas song; there have been more than 500 recorded versions of the song, in several different languages. The following

The Christmas Album"", charted at No. 13 on the Italian Singles Chart based on digital downloads of the track. White Christmas (song) ""White Christmas"" is a 1942 Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. The version sung by Bing Crosby is the world's best-selling single with estimated sales in excess of 50 million copies worldwide. Other versions of the song, along with Crosby's, have sold over 50 million copies. Accounts vary as to when and where Berlin wrote the song. One story is that he wrote it in 1940, in warm La Quinta, California, while staying at the

White Christmas (song) ""White Christmas"" is a 1942 Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. The version sung by Bing Crosby is the world's best-selling single with estimated sales in excess of 50 million copies worldwide. Other versions of the song, along with Crosby's, have sold over 50 million copies. Accounts vary as to when and where Berlin wrote the song. One story is that he wrote it in 1940, in warm La Quinta, California, while staying at the La Quinta Hotel, a frequent Hollywood retreat also favored by writer-director-producer Frank Capra, although the Arizona Biltmore also claims

"White Bird (song)"
White Bird (song) ""White Bird"" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). ""White Bird"" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and no transportation during a dreary Seattle winter. The song evolved from the depression of the band's

prominent stylistic feature of the song's original arrangement are multiple violin parts overdubbed by LaFlamme. It was first released on the band's 1969 eponymous debut album ""It's a Beautiful Day"" by Columbia Records. The song quickly became the band's signature tune and a staple of FM Album-oriented rock radio. The album rose to Number 47 on the Billboard 200 album chart. Following the popularity of the album track a single version was edited and remixed for radio play, with a running time of 3:02, and released on October 4, 1969. It rose to as high as Number 3 the week

shared the lead vocal with David LaFlamme, died at age 40, in a 1989 automobile accident. White Bird (song) ""White Bird"" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). ""White Bird"" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and

"Brenda Epperson"
Epperson joined the Board of Directors at Idle Tuesdays Recording Studio, a non-profit record label founded by Emily Hibard and based in Los Angeles. Brenda Epperson Brenda Epperson (born September 9, 1965) is an American actress and singer. Epperson is best known for being the second actress to portray the character of Ashley Abbott on the CBS daytime drama ""The Young and the Restless"". Her father, Don Epperson, was both a country singer and a co-star of ""Big Jake"" with John Wayne. After his sudden death in 1973, Brenda's mother was left to raise two daughters. When Eileen Davidson decided

"Ashley Abbott"
Ashley Abbott Ashley Abbott is a fictional character from ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", two American soap operas on the CBS network. She has been most notably portrayed by Eileen Davidson, who originated the role in June 1982 before departing in 1988. Brenda Epperson portrayed Ashley from 1988 to 1995, before Shari Shattuck portrayed the role for the next three years, until Davidson's return in 1999. Davidson was nominated in 2003 for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. The character is the daughter of Dina Mergeron and Brent Davis,

Brenda Epperson Brenda Epperson (born September 9, 1965) is an American actress and singer. Epperson is best known for being the second actress to portray the character of Ashley Abbott on the CBS daytime drama ""The Young and the Restless"". Her father, Don Epperson, was both a country singer and a co-star of ""Big Jake"" with John Wayne. After his sudden death in 1973, Brenda's mother was left to raise two daughters. When Eileen Davidson decided to quit ""The Young and the Restless"" in 1988, Epperson was chosen to replace Davidson because they looked so similar to one another. At

Upon Davidson's firing in 2012, Giddens wrote: ""I am sincerely hoping the brass at ""Y&R"" can't possibly be this stupid, but if they are, Gary Tomlin better blow up Davidson's phone STAT about a ""Days of Our Lives"" return!"" Ashley Abbott Ashley Abbott is a fictional character from ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", two American soap operas on the CBS network. She has been most notably portrayed by Eileen Davidson, who originated the role in June 1982 before departing in 1988. Brenda Epperson portrayed Ashley from 1988 to 1995, before Shari Shattuck portrayed the

5, 1988 before leaving the role on December 21, 1995. Shari Shattuck then assumed the role from March 12, 1996 to February 22, 1999, with Davidson returning on March 19, 1999. Davidson took maternity leave in the summer of 2003. In 2006, news broke that Davidson was to exit the soap opera, and she last aired on January 11, 2007. She then carried the role of Ashley over to the show's sister soap, ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". She last aired on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" on July 4, 2008, before returning to ""The Young and the Restless"" on

Lives"" as Kristen DiMera, a character she had portrayed there over 14 years prior. Davidson made a brief return to ""The Young and the Restless"" in March 2013 for the soap's 40th anniversary. After subsequent guest appearances, Davidson returned to ""The Young and the Restless"" on September 3, 2014, as a series regular. In June 2018, Davidson quit the role, and would exit once again. Eileen Davidson originated the role of Ashley Abbott in June 1982, until her first exit on December 2, 1988. The role was immediately recast with Brenda Epperson, who portrayed Ashley for seven years from December

"Melissa McIntyre"
Melissa McIntyre Melissa Adaleigh McIntyre (born May 31, 1986) is a Canadian former actress. She is best known for her role as Ashley Kerwin on the long-running teen television series """". McIntyre was a participant in many community theatre plays as a child, including ""The Wizard of Oz"" and ""The Secret Garden"". In 1998, she was cast in another television show, ""Real Kids, Real Adventures"". McIntyre was also a radio actress, as she played the lead character in ""Disco Does Not Suck."" She took some time off during 1999 to participate mainly in theatre, but in 2000 McIntyre, then thirteen

"Eileen Davidson"
Eileen Davidson Eileen Marie Davidson (born June 15, 1959) is an American actress, reality star, author and former model, best known for her performances in television soap operas. Davidson is best known for her roles in soap operas as Kristen DiMera on NBC's ""Days of Our Lives"", and Ashley Abbott on CBS's ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". In 2014, for her role in ""Days of Our Lives"", Davidson was awarded a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, the second actress to win a Daytime Emmy Award in the category

"Ashley Jones"
one sister named Jordan. At the age of five, she filmed her first commercial. At the age of nine, Jones starred in several theatre productions in the Actors Theatre of Houston including ""The Women"", ""Ah, Wilderness!"", and Neil Simon's ""Brighton Beach Memoirs"". At the age of 12, she was in ""The Chalk Garden"" by Enid Bagnold. Jones rose to fame on the long-running CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"", playing Megan Dennison from 1997 to 2000, and again in 2001. She received two Daytime Emmy Award nominations for her role on ""The Young and the Restless"". She played

"Emilie Ullerup"
and half of the sacrum of her pelvis was removed. After about five months, she recovered enough to return to work. Emilie Ullerup Emilie Ullerup (born 27 October 1984) is a Danish actress. She is best known for playing Ashley Magnus on the television series ""Sanctuary"". Ullerup was born in Copenhagen, Denmark as a child of a diplomatic family, daughter of . After graduation from high school in Copenhagen in 2003, she moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and attended the Vancouver Film School, graduating in 2005. Ullerup's first role was that of Julia Brynn on the remake television series

"G. Callen"
G. Callen G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show """" portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during ""NCIS"" sixth season episode ""Legend (Part 1)"". Before working at NCIS, Callen previously worked for the CIA, DEA and FBI. Several episodes across the seasons reference his stint with the Agency and in seasons one and two, it is revealed that whilst with the CIA, Callen worked alongside recurring ""NCIS"" character, Trent Kort (David Dayan

"Dr. G: Medical Examiner"
Dr. G: Medical Examiner Dr. G: Medical Examiner is a reality television series shown on Investigation Discovery and Investigation Discovery and Investigation Discovery. Dr. G, or Dr. Jan Garavaglia, was (at the time the show was produced) the Chief Medical Examiner with Florida's District Nine Medical Examiner's office in Orlando, Florida. This series features Dr. G working on unexplained deaths in Orange and Osceola counties in Florida, as well as similar deaths from her previous employment as an Associate Medical Examiner in Bexar County, Texas. The show features dramatic re-enactments of the events leading up to the person's death as

the same day the book was released. Dr. G: Medical Examiner Dr. G: Medical Examiner is a reality television series shown on Investigation Discovery and Investigation Discovery and Investigation Discovery. Dr. G, or Dr. Jan Garavaglia, was (at the time the show was produced) the Chief Medical Examiner with Florida's District Nine Medical Examiner's office in Orlando, Florida. This series features Dr. G working on unexplained deaths in Orange and Osceola counties in Florida, as well as similar deaths from her previous employment as an Associate Medical Examiner in Bexar County, Texas. The show features dramatic re-enactments of the events

"NCIS: Los Angeles"
cast as Shay Mosley for the ninth season after Miguel Ferrer's death. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a tenth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. ""NCIS: Los Angeles"" follows Special Agent G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), a ""legend"" assigned to the Office of Special Projects (OSP), a fictitious branch of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (the real-life NCIS has no offices in Los Angeles). Callen leads an elite team of undercover operatives as they battle enemies both foreign and domestic under the watchful eye of Operational Manager Henrietta ""Hetty"" Lange (Linda Hunt). The team is composed

"G-Man (slang)"
G-Man (slang) G-Man (short for ""Government Man"") is an American slang term for special agents of the United States Government. It is specifically used as a term for a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent. ""G-Man"" is also a term used for members of G Division, essentially a British anti-rebel police unit operating out of Dublin Castle prior to Irish Independence in 1922. Colonel Ned Broy uses the term in his official testimony for the Irish Army's Bureau of Military History in their archive of the Easter Rising (1916) and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921). According to the ""Merriam-Webster

awards and nominations since it premiered on September 23, 2003, including the ALMA Awards, ASCAP Awards, BMI Film & TV Awards, Emmy Awards, and People's Choice Awards. NCIS (TV series) NCIS is an American action police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series ""JAG"" (season eight episodes 20 and 21: ""Ice Queen"" and ""Meltdown""). The show, a spin-off from ""JAG"", premiered on September 23, 2003, on

"Daniela Ruah"
Ruah and Olsen had a second child, daughter Sierra Esther Ruah Olsen, on September 4, 2016. Daniela Ruah Daniela Sofia Korn Ruah (born December 2, 1983) is a Portuguese-American actress best known for playing NCIS Special Agent Kensi Blye in the CBS police procedural series """". Ruah was born in Boston, U.S., to Jewish parents from Portugal, where her mother is an otologist and her father is an ENT surgeon. When Ruah was 5, the family moved back to Portugal, where she attended St Julian's School and, at 16, began acting in telenovelas. She won a Portuguese-television dance competition. Ruah

"CB military symbol"
L is HL). Furthermore, one strain of the biological agent Tularemia has the symbol SR (lethal Schu strain), while another strain has JT (incapacitant 452 strain). Military symbols for agents change from time to time for administrative reasons as well. To preserve secrecy, tularemia's symbol UL1 and UL2 was changed to TT and ZZ at one time, and then later to SR. During the Second World War cyanogen chloride's symbol was changed from CK to CC, but when it became apparent that CC marked munitions might be mistaken for CG (phosgene), the symbol was changed back. The following designations are,

"Rocky Carroll"
Rocky Carroll Roscoe ""Rocky"" Carroll (born July 8, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Joey Emerson on the FOX comedy-drama ""Roc"" (1991–94) as Dr. Keith Wilkes on the CBS medical drama ""Chicago Hope"", and as NCIS Director Leon Vance on the CBS drama ""NCIS"" and its spinoffs """" and """". He also played a supporting role in the 1995 thriller film ""Crimson Tide"". Carroll was born Roscoe Carroll in Cincinnati, Ohio, on July 8, 1963. His acting career is rooted in the theater. In 1981, Carroll graduated from the famed School for Creative

Season 12 episode, ""We Build, We Fight"". Carroll married architect Gabrielle Bullock in 1996; They have one daughter, Elissa. Rocky Carroll Roscoe ""Rocky"" Carroll (born July 8, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Joey Emerson on the FOX comedy-drama ""Roc"" (1991–94) as Dr. Keith Wilkes on the CBS medical drama ""Chicago Hope"", and as NCIS Director Leon Vance on the CBS drama ""NCIS"" and its spinoffs """" and """". He also played a supporting role in the 1995 thriller film ""Crimson Tide"". Carroll was born Roscoe Carroll in Cincinnati, Ohio, on July 8,

"History of human rights"
6th century BC under Cyrus the Great. After his conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, the king issued the Cyrus cylinder, discovered in 1879 and seen by some today as the first human rights document. The cylinder has been linked by some commentators to the decrees of Cyrus recorded in the Books of Chronicles, Nehemiah, and Ezra, which state that Cyrus allowed (at least some of) the Jews to return to their homeland from their Babylonian Captivity. In opposition to the above viewpoint, the interpretation of the Cylinder as a ""charter of human rights"" has been dismissed by other historians

a mandate to promote and safeguard certain of the rights later included in the UDHR: The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a result of efforts by Henry Dunant, the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The conventions safeguard the human rights of individuals involved in conflict, and follow on from the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions, the international community's first attempt to define laws of war. Despite first being framed before World War II, the conventions were revised as a result of World War II and readopted by the international community in

"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
now grown into a global movement, including hundreds of groups, clubs and chapters around the world. Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have

Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other

into his divine revelations. The Constitution of Medina, also known as the ""Charter of Medina"", was drafted by Muhammad in 622. It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib (later known as Medina), including Muslims, Jews, and pagans. The document was drawn up with the explicit concern of bringing to an end the bitter intertribal fighting between the clans of the Aws (Aus) and Khazraj within Medina. To this effect it instituted a number of rights and responsibilities for the Muslim, Jewish and pagan communities of Medina bringing them within the

to free his native India from British rule. Movements by long-oppressed racial and religious minorities succeeded in many parts of the world, among them the civil rights movement, and more recent diverse identity politics movements, on behalf of women and minorities in the United States. The foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code and the first of the Geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of international humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two World Wars. The League of Nations was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles

practice of the West or even France at the time. The declaration emerged in the late 18th century out of war and revolution. It encountered opposition as democracy and individual rights were frequently regarded as synonymous with anarchy and subversion. The declaration embodies ideals and aspirations towards which France pledged to struggle in the future. The Declaration is introduced by a preamble describing the fundamental characteristics of the rights which are qualified as being ""natural, unalienable and sacred"" and consisting of ""simple and incontestable principles"" on which citizens could base their demands. In the second article, ""the natural and imprescriptible

Sohrai
Sohrai Sohrai is a festival of the Indian states of Jharkhand , Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal. It is a cattle festival and coincides with Diwali festival. People fast throughout the day and bathe cattle. In the evening, sacrifices are offered to the cattle deity. In Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand an indigenous art form is practised by the women. Ritualistic art is done on mud walls to welcome the harvest and to celebrate the cattle. The women clean their houses and decorate their walls with murals of Sohrai arts. This art form has continued since 10,000-4,000 BC. It was

"Punjabi festivals"
at the shrine of Shah Hussain in Baghbanpura, on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the Shalimar Gardens. Rath Yatra Nabha, Ratha Jatra or Chariot Festival is a Hindu festival associated with the god Jagannath held at Mandir Thakur Shri Saty Narayan Ji in the Nabha City, state of Punjab, India. This annual festival is celebrated in the month of August or September. The festival is connected to Jagannath's visit to Nabha city. A fair is held at Anandpur Sahib (Punjab, India) during the lunar month of Chet to celebrate the Sikh festival of Hola Mohalla. The fair is

Sanjhi
Sanjhi Sanjhi is a festival to the namesake goddess, mainly by women and girls in parts of Delhi, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. Sanjhi is the name of a mother goddess, after whom images are made of mud and molded into various shapes such as cosmic bodies or the face of the goddess, and they get different colors. The local potters make images of various body parts like her arms, legs, face decked with ornaments and weapons. These additions make the image look beautiful and gracious. The additions to the image this way depend upon the economic means of the family.

"Charak Puja"
Charak Puja Charak Puja (also known as Cadak, and ""Nil Puja"") is a Hindu folk festival in honour of the god Shiva. It's held in southern Bangladesh and West Bengal on the last day (Songkranti) of the month of ""Chaitra"" (Choitro in the Bengali calendar), at midnight. People believe that by satisfying Shiva, the festival will bring prosperity by eliminating the sorrow and sufferings of the previous year. The preparation usually starts a month in advance. The arrangement team of the festival go from village to village to procure the necessary components like paddy, oil, sugar, salt, honey, money and

Charbhuja
worship of lord Charbhuja and get blessings from all over the India. Jhaljhoolni Gyaras (Ekadashi) is the eleventh day of the bright fortnight of the Bhadrapad month (August/September). This day is specially celebrated in the Charbhuja. Pilgrims come by walking and other means for this day to the village and they get together and take the Lord to the lake nearby for the religious bath with a grand procession. After that they also perform special pooja of the lord. This great procession have many people and used to be welcomed with perfume and flowers. The festivals of colours, Holi is

"Gajan (festival)"
Gajan (festival) Gajan is a Hindu festival celebrated mostly in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is associated with such deities as Shiva, Neel and Dharmathakur. Gajan spans around a week, starting at the last week of Choitro continuing till the end of the Bengali year. It ends with Charak Puja. Participants of this festival is known as sannyasi or Bhokta. Persons of any gender can be a participant. The complete history of the festival is not known. The central theme of this festival is deriving satisfaction through non-sexual pain, devotion and sacrifice. The word ""gajan"" in Bengali comes

"Tihar (festival)"
Laxmi. Crows and ravens are worshiped by offerings of sweets and dishes placed on the roofs of houses. The cawing of crows and ravens symbolizes sadness and grief in Hinduism, so devotees offer crows and ravens food to avert grief and death in their homes. Tihar represents the divine attachment between humans and other animals. The second day is called Dog Tihar. It is called the ""Khicha Puja"" by the Newars. People offer garlands, tika and delicious food to dogs and acknowledge the cherished relationship between humans and dogs. Dogs occupy a special place in Hindu mythology every home or

in ceremonial pole from auspicious tree is venerated in some village jatras in honour of local deities in Maharashtra & Andhra Pradesh state of India. Bagad is a similar concept to Charak Puja, Gajan (festival) or Indian parallel of Mexican Danza de los Voladores. Charak Puja Charak Puja (also known as Cadak, and ""Nil Puja"") is a Hindu folk festival in honour of the god Shiva. It's held in southern Bangladesh and West Bengal on the last day (Songkranti) of the month of ""Chaitra"" (Choitro in the Bengali calendar), at midnight. People believe that by satisfying Shiva, the festival will

Jivitputrika
northeastern Bihar, and eastern Nepal, a variety of food and a special festival delicacy ""Jhor Bhaat"" (curry and white rice), ""Noni ka saag"" and Madua ki Roti are prepared. In the Bhojpuri region of western Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal, Paaran is done with Noni ka saag (summer purslane), Maruwa ki roti, and a vegetable stew of zucchini. The festival is celebrated mainly in the Bhojpuri and Maithili speaking regions of Nepal and Bihar, Jharkhand and Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India. It is believed that once, an eagle and a female fox lived in a Himalayan jungle near Narmada

Delhi: Chronicle Books, 2008; and 2) Ferrari, F.M. ""Guilty Males and Proud Females. Negotiating Genders in a Bengali Festival"". Calcutta and London: Seagull, 2010. Fairs are often associated with the celebration of gajan. Gajan (festival) Gajan is a Hindu festival celebrated mostly in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is associated with such deities as Shiva, Neel and Dharmathakur. Gajan spans around a week, starting at the last week of Choitro continuing till the end of the Bengali year. It ends with Charak Puja. Participants of this festival is known as sannyasi or Bhokta. Persons of any gender can

"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)"
Wallflower"" one of the best films of the year. The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film) The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky, based on Chbosky’s 1999 novel of the same name. Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend, and these epistles chronicle his trials, tribulations, and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school. The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends. The film's ensemble cast

The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film) The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky, based on Chbosky’s 1999 novel of the same name. Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend, and these epistles chronicle his trials, tribulations, and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school. The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends. The film's ensemble cast also features Emma Watson, Ezra Miller, Mae Whitman, Kate

suffering from clinical depression from childhood setbacks has recently been discharged from a mental health care institution. Charlie is uneasy about beginning his freshman year of high school; he is shy and finds difficulty in making friends, but he connects with his English teacher, Mr. Anderson (Paul Rudd). Charlie meets two seniors, Sam (Emma Watson) and her stepbrother Patrick (Ezra Miller), at a football game and they invite him to a party. Charlie unknowingly eats a cannabis brownie, gets high and discloses to Sam that the year before, his best friend committed suicide. He also walks in on Patrick and

"The Perks of Being a Wallflower"
15-year-old protagonist, begins writing letters about his own life to an unknown recipient. In these letters he discusses his first year at high school and his struggles with two traumatic experiences: the suicide of his only middle-school friend, Michael Dobson, and the death of his favorite aunt, Helen. His English teacher, who encourages Charlie to call him Bill, notices Charlie's passion for reading and writing, and acts as a mentor by assigning him extracurricular books and reports. Although he is a wallflower, Charlie is befriended by two seniors: Patrick and Sam. Patrick is secretly dating Brad, a closeted football player,

Brad (Johnny Simmons), a popular athlete, kissing. Patrick tells Charlie that Brad doesn't want anyone to know he's gay, so Charlie agrees to keep it a secret. Sam realizes that Charlie has no other friends, so she and Patrick make a special effort to bring Charlie into their group. On their way home the three hear an unknown song on the radio, Sam instructs Patrick to drive through a tunnel so she can stand up in the back of the pickup while the music blasts. Sam needs to improve her SAT scores to be have a better chance of being

The Perks of Being a Wallflower The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie’s unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family. Chbosky took five years to develop and publish ""The

Walsh, Dylan McDermott, Nina Dobrev, Johnny Simmons, Erin Wilhelmi, Melanie Lynskey, Paul Rudd and Joan Cusack. John Hughes originally read the novel and attempted to write a screenplay after he got the rights from Chbosky; however, he never finished writing the screenplay. Mr. Mudd Productions wanted Chbosky to adapt his own novel; after he finished writing the screenplay, production was approved. Filming began in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 2011 and lasted approximately fifty days. This is one of the three films from John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith's Mr. Mudd Productions that feature struggling teenagers; the other two are

""Ghost World"" and ""Juno"". The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, followed by the United States' theatrical release on September 21, 2012, by Summit Entertainment. It received positive critical response and commercial success, earning $33.4 million to a budget of $13 million. It received several accolades, including the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature, two Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations, including Best Adapted Screenplay for Chbosky, and the 2013 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release. Set in 1992, a young high school student, Charlie (Logan Lerman), who has been

Perks of Being a Wallflower"" , creating the characters and other aspects of the story from his own memories. The novel addresses themes permeating adolescence, including introversion, sexuality, drug use, and mental health, while also making several references to other literary works, films, and pop culture in general. Because of the mentioned themes, it was banned in some American schools for its content. In 2012, Chbosky himself adapted and directed a film version starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller. The film boosted the novel's sales, and the book reached ""The New York Times"" Best Seller list. Charlie, the

The producersJohn Malkovich, Lianne Halfon, and Russell Smithhired Chbosky to write a screenplay adaptation (instead of Hughes) and to direct the film. Chbosky found value in half of Hughes' screenplay, so he negotiated for the rights from Hughes' heirs and added his own touches. In January 2011, Summit acquired distribution rights. The following month, Summit sought a buyer for the project at the European Film Market held simultaneously with the Berlin International Film Festival. In May 2010, actors Logan Lerman and Emma Watson were reported as in talks for the project and confirmed the following year. In April 2011, Mae

which central american nations border the pacific ocean and the caribbean sea

"Central America"
Central America Central America (, , ""Centroamérica"" ) is located on the southern tip of North America, or is sometimes defined as a subcontinent of the Americas , bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America has been estimated to be 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate). Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from

Pacific Ocean lies to the southwest, the Caribbean Sea lies to the northeast, and the Gulf of Mexico lies to the north. Some physiographists define the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as the northern geographic border of Central America, while others use the northwestern borders of Belize and Guatemala. From there, the Central American land mass extends southeastward to the Atrato River, where it connects to the Pacific Lowlands in northwestern South America. Of the many mountain ranges within Central America, the longest are the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, the Cordillera Isabelia and the Cordillera de Talamanca. At , Volcán Tajumulco is

Granadine Confederation, and finally within the United States of Colombia. The United States of Colombia was replaced by the Republic of Colombia in 1886. As part of the Republic of Colombia, Panama State was abolished and it became the Isthmus Department. Despite the many political reorganizations, Colombia was still deeply plagued by conflict, which eventually led to the secession of Panama on 3 November 1903. Only after that time did some begin to regard Panama as a North or Central American entity. By the 1930s the United Fruit Company owned 3.5 million acres of land in Central America and the

and Mexico combined, fragmentation of rainforests and the fact that 80% of the vegetation in Central America has already been converted to agriculture. Efforts to protect fauna and flora in the region are made by creating ecoregions and nature reserves. 36% of Belize's land territory falls under some form of official protected status, giving Belize one of the most extensive systems of terrestrial protected areas in the Americas. In addition, 13% of Belize's marine territory are also protected. A large coral reef extends from Mexico to Honduras: the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. The Belize Barrier Reef is part of this.

from the Strait of Magellan to the Gulf of Fonseca. This entity was dissolved in 1543, and most of the territory within Central America then fell under the jurisdiction of the ""Audiencia Real de Guatemala"". This area included the current territories of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Mexican state of Chiapas, but excluded the lands that would become Belize and Panama. The president of the Audiencia, which had its seat in Antigua Guatemala, was the governor of the entire area. In 1609 the area became a captaincy general and the governor was also granted the title

1821, most of the territory within Central America—except for the lands that would become Belize and Panama—was governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala. After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821, some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire, but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1823 to 1838. The seven states finally became independent autonomous states: beginning with Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala (1838); followed by El Salvador (1841); then Panama (1903); and finally Belize

of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Los Altos, Mosquito Coast, and Nicaragua. The lowlands of southwest Chiapas, including Soconusco, initially belonged to the Republic until 1824, when Mexico annexed most of Chiapas and began its claims to Soconusco. The Republic lasted from 1823 to 1838, when it disintegrated as a result of civil wars. The territory that now makes up Belize was heavily contested in a dispute that continued for decades after Guatemala achieved independence (see History of Belize (1506–1862). Spain, and later Guatemala, considered this land a Guatemalan department. In 1862, Britain formally declared it a British colony

Inter-American Highway is the Central American section of the Pan-American Highway, and spans between Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, and Panama City, Panama. Because of the break in the highway known as the Darién Gap, it is not possible to cross between Central America and South America in an automobile. Central America Central America (, , ""Centroamérica"" ) is located on the southern tip of North America, or is sometimes defined as a subcontinent of the Americas , bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and

"Northern Triangle of Central America"
Northern Triangle of Central America The Northern Triangle of Central America refers to the three Central American countries of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, especially in regard to their economic integration. They have signed trade agreements with Colombia, the United States, and Mexico. The agreement with Mexico began in 2001, later involved the Mesoamerica Project, and expanded to Costa Rica and Nicaragua in 2011. Within these countries there has been strong resistance, not so much to integration among themselves, but as it relates to negotiation policy outside the region, especially from groups like Guatemalan tenant farmers of the Petén region,

states. In 1991, the integration agenda was further advanced by the creation of the Central American Integration System (""Sistema para la Integración Centroamericana"", or SICA). SICA provides a clear legal basis to avoid disputes between the member states. SICA membership includes the 7 nations of Central America plus the Dominican Republic, a state that is traditionally considered part of the Caribbean. On 6 December 2008 SICA announced an agreement to pursue a common currency and common passport for the member nations. No timeline for implementation was discussed. Central America already has several supranational institutions such as the Central American Parliament,

who sings will you still love me when i'm not young and beautiful

"Will You Still Love Me? (song)"
Will You Still Love Me? (song) ""Will You Still Love Me?"" is a song written by David Foster, Tom Keane and Richard Baskin for the group Chicago and recorded for their album ""Chicago 18"" (1986). The second single released from that album, it reached number three on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in early 1987, prevented from further chart movement by ""Keep Your Hands to Yourself"" by The Georgia Satellites and ""Livin' on a Prayer"" by Bon Jovi, and also number two on the Adult Contemporary chart, kept from the top spot by ""Ballerina Girl"" by Lionel Richie. The

"Will You Love Me Tomorrow"
Will You Love Me Tomorrow ""Will You Love Me Tomorrow"", also known as ""Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow"", is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. It was originally recorded in 1960 by the Shirelles, who took their single to number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song is also notable for being the first song by a black all-girl group to reach number one in the United States. It has since been recorded by many artists over the years, including a 1971 version by co-writer Carole King. In 1960, the American girl group the

song was Chicago's first top ten hit following the departure of Peter Cetera, and it featured new singer and bassist Jason Scheff on lead vocals. One of the song's co-writers, Tom Keane had previously fronted the early 1980s band Keane, for which Jason Scheff played bass. In 2003, jazz group Urban Knights, led by pianist Ramsey Lewis, covered the song with vocals by Michelle Williams (Destiny's Child). Will You Still Love Me? (song) ""Will You Still Love Me?"" is a song written by David Foster, Tom Keane and Richard Baskin for the group Chicago and recorded for their album ""Chicago

is featured as frequently in the musical. Will You Love Me Tomorrow ""Will You Love Me Tomorrow"", also known as ""Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow"", is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. It was originally recorded in 1960 by the Shirelles, who took their single to number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song is also notable for being the first song by a black all-girl group to reach number one in the United States. It has since been recorded by many artists over the years, including a 1971 version by co-writer Carole King.

the same melody as the original but initially neglected to credit King and Goffin. Following a threat of litigation, later pressings of the record included proper credit. Eventually, it was withdrawn and replaced with a different song. The Satintones' versions are included in the box set ""The Complete Motown Singles, Volume 1: 1959–1961"". In 1971 Carole King, the co-writer of the song, recorded a version of ""Will You Love Me Tomorrow"" for her landmark studio album ""Tapestry"", with Joni Mitchell and James Taylor on background vocals. King's version of the song was taken at a considerably slower tempo and with

Shirelles released the first version of the song as Scepter single 1211, with ""Boys"" on the B-side. The single's first pressing was labelled simply ""Tomorrow"", then lengthened later. When first presented with the song, lead singer Shirley Owens (later known as Shirley Alston-Reeves) did not want to record it, because she thought it was ""too country."" She relented after a string arrangement was added. However, Owens recalled on Jim Parsons' syndicated oldies radio program, ""Shake Rattle Showtime"", that some radio stations had banned the record because they had felt the lyrics were too sexually charged. The song is in AABA

a more contemplative, melancholy feel than in the Shirelles original recording. It gained considerable album-oriented rock airplay due to the large-scale commercial success of the album. The song became a feature of King's live shows. Taylor recreated his part during their joint arena-based Troubadour Reunion Tour of 2010. In the 2013 Broadway """", the song is featured in part four times: once during its writing, once during King recording a demo of it, then with the Shirelles performing it, and then King singing and playing it later during an especially bad time in her marriage with Goffin. No other song

the Brill Building lyricists, recorded an answer song entitled ""Not just Tomorrow, But Always"". It has been claimed by some historians that Dache was a pseudonym for Epic recording artist Tony Orlando, whose recording of the original song had not been released as Don Kirshner thought the lyric was convincing only as sung by a woman. However, an ad for United Artists Records which appeared in ""Billboard"" during 1961 featured a photo of the singer which indicated that Dache was not Tony Orlando. The Satintones, an early Motown group, also recorded an answer song called ""Tomorrow and Always,"" which used

form. This version of the song, with session musicians Paul Griffin on piano and Gary Chester on drums, as of 2009 was ranked as the 162nd greatest song of all time, as well as the best song of 1960, by Acclaimed Music. It was ranked at #126 among ""Rolling Stone"" 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. ""Billboard"" named the song #3 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The song later appeared on the soundtracks of Michael Apted's ""Stardust"" and Emile Ardolino's ""Dirty Dancing."" Bertell Dache, a black demo singer for

"I'll Still Love You"
I'll Still Love You ""I'll Still Love You"" is a song written by English musician George Harrison and first released in 1976 by his former Beatles bandmate Ringo Starr. Produced by Arif Mardin, the track appeared on Starr's debut album for Atlantic Records and Polydor, ""Ringo's Rotogravure"". The composition had a long recording history before then, having been written in 1970 as ""Whenever"", after which it was copyrighted with the title ""When Every Song Is Sung"". Harrison originally intended the song for Welsh singer Shirley Bassey, who had a hit in the summer of 1970 with a cover version of

Bone
as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Within any single bone, the tissue is woven into two main patterns, known cortical and cancellous bone, and each with different appearance and characteristics. The hard outer layer of bones is composed of cortical bone also called compact bone being much denser than cancellous bone. It forms the hard exterior (cortex) of bones. The cortical bone gives bone its smooth, white, and solid appearance, and accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult human skeleton. It facilitates bone's main functions: to support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store

Bone
vessels and cartilage. In the human body at birth, there are over 270 bones, but many of these fuse together during development, leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones. The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear. The Greek word for bone is ὀστέον (""osteon""), hence the many terms that use it as a prefix – such as osteopathy. Bone is not uniformly solid, but consists of a flexible matrix (about 30%) and bound minerals (about 70%) which

Osteocyte
Osteocyte An osteocyte, a star-shaped type of bone cell, is the most commonly found cell in mature bone tissue, and can live as long as the organism itself. The adult human body has about 42 billion osteocytes. Osteocytes have an average half life of 25 years, they do not divide, and they are derived from osteoprogenitors, some of which differentiate into active osteoblasts. Osteoblasts/osteocytes develop in mesenchyme. In mature bone, osteocytes and their processes reside inside spaces called lacunae (Latin for a ""pit"") and canaliculi, respectively. When osteoblasts become trapped in the matrix that they secrete, they become osteocytes. Osteocytes

Bone
Bone A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions. Bone tissue (osseous tissue) is a hard tissue, a type of dense connective tissue. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. Bone tissue is

Osteon
Osteon The osteon or haversian system (named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2 mm in diameter. They are present in many bones of most mammals and some bird, reptile, and amphibian species. Each osteon consists of concentric layers, or ""lamellae"", of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the haversian canal. The haversian canal contains the bone's blood supplies. The boundary of an osteon is the cement line. Each haversian canal is surrounded by varying number (5-20) of concentrically

Bone
bone marrow where hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. The trabeculae are aligned towards the mechanical load distribution that a bone experiences within long bones such as the femur. As far as short bones are concerned, trabecular alignment has been studied in the vertebral pedicle. Thin formations of osteoblasts covered in endosteum create an irregular network of spaces, known as trabeculae. Within these spaces are bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. Trabecular marrow is composed

"Bone marrow"
Bone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately . Human marrow

"Phalanx bone"
Phalanx bone The phalanges (singular: ""phalanx"" ) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the thumbs and big toes have two phalanges while the other digits have three phalanges. The phalanges are classed as long bones. The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot. There are 56 phalanges in the human body, with fourteen on each hand and foot. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which possess only two. The middle

"Human musculoskeletal system"
for the body, and stores minerals. The number of bones in the human skeletal system is a controversial topic. Humans are born with over 300 bones; however, many bones fuse together between birth and maturity. As a result, an average adult skeleton consists of 206 bones. The number of bones varies according to the method used to derive the count. While some consider certain structures to be a single bone with multiple parts, others may see it as a single part with multiple bones. There are five general classifications of bones. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular

"United States license plate designs and serial formats"
Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Carolina use a 3-letter, 3-number format in the format ABC-123, 123-ABC (sometimes both at the same time), or some variant thereof with mixed numbers and letters. Florida and New Jersey both use four letters and two numbers: Florida uses an ABC-D12 format, while New Jersey uses an A12-BCD format. Florida also uses an optional two-letter, four-number format for its no-cost ""In God We Trust"" plates. License plate numbers are usually assigned in ascending order, beginning with a starting point such as AAA-001.

"Vehicle registration plates of the United States"
the issuing jurisdiction. The term ""license plate"" is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas ""tag"" is informally used. The official three letter ISO international code attributed to the United States is USA. Plate designs often contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction. Registration number formats, typically alphanumeric, are designed to provide enough unique numbers for all motor vehicles a jurisdiction expects to register. For example, the small states of Delaware and Rhode Island are able to use formats of 123456, while California uses the seven-character format 1ABC234, and several other populous states use seven-character ABC-1234

"Vehicle registration plates of Alabama"
Vehicle registration plates of Alabama The U.S. state of Alabama has issued license plates for motor vehicles since 1911. Some Alabama municipalities issued their own license plates for horse-drawn vehicles as well as automobiles prior to 1911. The earliest known plate is a bronze plate, ""No. 1"", issued by the city of Bessemer on a two-horse wagon in 1901, while the earliest known plate for an automobile is a 1906 dash plate issued by the city of Birmingham, originally assigned to a 1904 6-cylinder Ford. Between 1909 and 1911, Birmingham and Mobile issued annual plates made of porcelain-coated steel, while

and Australia is ""XZ"" rather than ""AUS"". United States license plate designs and serial formats In the United States, the appearance of license plates is frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction, which are the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the 5 inhabited U.S. territories, and Native American tribes, each of which independently registers motor vehicles. Regular-issue license plates for passenger vehicles typically have 5-7 characters, with specialty or vanity plates having up to 8 characters in some states. This article describes the designs and serial formats for regular-issue plates. Formats for

replacement plates, followed in 1966 by code 80 for supplemental plates in counties that had run out of standard plates. The system remains in use today on passenger plates and some non-passenger types. Vehicle registration plates of Alabama The U.S. state of Alabama has issued license plates for motor vehicles since 1911. Some Alabama municipalities issued their own license plates for horse-drawn vehicles as well as automobiles prior to 1911. The earliest known plate is a bronze plate, ""No. 1"", issued by the city of Bessemer on a two-horse wagon in 1901, while the earliest known plate for an automobile

display only one. In Nevada, all motor vehicles, with the exception of motorcycles and trailers, are issued two license plates. According to state law, most standard passenger vehicles issued two plates are required to display them on both the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle. Display of the front license plate, however, is optional for vehicles that either were not designed to have a front plate, or the manufacturer did not provide a plate bracket or other means for front display of a license plate. As a result, the law to display both the front and rear plates is

in Maui County, and one beginning with any other letter (and not containing H, K, L, M, or Z) is registered in the City and County of Honolulu. In Idaho, the first one to three characters are used to designate the county of residence/registration. For example, all vehicles registered in Ada county start with 1A, vehicles in Twin Falls County start with 2T and vehicles in Valley county start with V (as there is only one county that starts with the letter V). In the US territory of Guam, the license plates use the first two letters that are coded

United States license plate designs and serial formats In the United States, the appearance of license plates is frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction, which are the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the 5 inhabited U.S. territories, and Native American tribes, each of which independently registers motor vehicles. Regular-issue license plates for passenger vehicles typically have 5-7 characters, with specialty or vanity plates having up to 8 characters in some states. This article describes the designs and serial formats for regular-issue plates. Formats for license plate numbers may be consistent within

"Vehicle registration plates of Arizona"
Vehicle registration plates of Arizona The U.S. state of Arizona first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1912. Registrants provided their own license plates for display until 1914, when the state began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the Motor Vehicle Division of the Arizona Department of Transportation (MVD). Plates were issued to all vehicle types until 1929, when commercial vehicles were issued their own class of plate. County codes were used from 1922 through 1958, while the current ""Grand Canyon State"" slogan first appeared in 1940, appearing on all subsequent issues except for 1945.

"IPhone SE"
IPhone SE The iPhone SE (""Special Edition"") is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is part of the ninth generation of the iPhone alongside the . It was announced on March 21, 2016 at the Town Hall auditorium in the Apple Campus by Apple executive Greg Joswiak, with pre-orders beginning on March 24 and official release on March 31, 2016. It was re-released almost a year later on March 24, 2017 with larger storage capacities. The iPhone SE shares the same physical design and dimensions as the iPhone 5S, but has upgraded internal hardware, including

of 2016, helping it beat analysts expectations and was strategic for Apple in price-sensitive markets such as India and China where Apple struggles to match its success from Western markets."" IPhone SE The iPhone SE (""Special Edition"") is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is part of the ninth generation of the iPhone alongside the . It was announced on March 21, 2016 at the Town Hall auditorium in the Apple Campus by Apple executive Greg Joswiak, with pre-orders beginning on March 24 and official release on March 31, 2016. It was re-released almost a

"Macintosh SE"
Macintosh SE The Macintosh SE is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from March 1987 to October, 1990. It marked a significant improvement on the Macintosh Plus design and was introduced by Apple at the same time as the Macintosh II. The SE retains the same Compact Macintosh form factor as the original Macintosh computer introduced three years earlier, but with slight differences in color and styling. An enhanced model, the SE/30 was introduced in January, 1989; sales of the original SE continued, with an update following in August of that year to include a

KB in the original Mac to 256 KB, which allowed the development team to include an Easter Egg hidden in the ROMs. By jumping to address 0x41D89A or reading from the ROM chips it is possible to display the four images of the engineering team. Introduced March 2, 1987: Introduced August 1, 1989: Macintosh SE The Macintosh SE is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from March 1987 to October, 1990. It marked a significant improvement on the Macintosh Plus design and was introduced by Apple at the same time as the Macintosh II. The

SuperDrive. The Macintosh SE was replaced with the Macintosh Classic, a very similar model which retained the same central processing unit and form factor, but at a lower price point. The Macintosh SE was introduced at the AppleWorld conference in Los Angeles on March 2, 1987. The ""SE"" is an acronym for ""System Expansion"". Its notable new features, compared to its similar predecessor, the Macintosh Plus, were: The SE and Macintosh II were the first Apple computers since the Apple I to be sold without a keyboard. Instead the customer was offered the choice of the new ADB Apple Keyboard

and supports near field communication for Apple Pay. It was released with 16 GB or of internal storage. It features a rear-facing camera with the ability to record 4K video at 30 frames per second. Unlike the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, the SE does not include 3D Touch, nor the updated faster second-generation Touch ID sensor from the 6S and 6S Plus, or its barometer. On March 21, 2017 Apple announced that it would double the storage for these models at the same launch prices. The upgraded models were released on March 24, 2017 with 32 GB or 128

or the Apple Extended Keyboard. Apple produced ten SEs with transparent cases as prototypes for promotional shots and employees. They are extremely rare and command a premium price for collectors. The Macintosh SE shipped with System 4.0 and Finder 5.4; this version is specific to this computer. (The Macintosh II, which was announced at the same time but shipped a month later, includes System 4.1 and Finder 5.5.) The README file included with the installation disks for the SE and II is the first place Apple ever used the term ""Macintosh System Software"", and after 1998 these two versions were

GB of internal storage. The iPhone SE shipped with , supporting iPhone 6 and 6S-exclusive features such as Apple Pay, Live Photos, Retina Flash and always-on Siri voice activation. The SE is compatible with iOS 12. ""CNET"" was positive, considering the iPhone SE to be a ""great choice at the small end, with no compromises"". CNET also lauded Apple for accomplishing the task of adapting the 6S's hardware to three different form factors; the smaller 4.0-inch SE, 4.7-inch 6S, and 5.5-inch 6S Plus. ""The Verge"" considered the iPhone SE to be ""a much-improved, well-designed, small phone with great battery life""

the newer Apple A9 system-on-chip, greater battery capacity, and a 12-megapixel rear camera that can record 4K video. Along with the iPhone 6S and the iPhone X, the iPhone SE was discontinued by Apple on September 12, 2018. No affordable successor to the iPhone SE was announced, and ""Business Insider"" wrote that ""Apple made a big mistake by removing its smallest and most affordable iPhone from its lineup"", suggesting that the company was disregarding a significant number of customers who had been worried over the loss of the smaller design. In relation with the discontinuation of the iPhone SE, ""Quartz""

"Macintosh SE/30"
Macintosh SE/30 The Macintosh SE/30 is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from January 1989 to October 1991. It is the fastest of the original black-and-white compact Macintosh series. The SE/30 has a black-and-white monitor and a single PDS slot (rather than the NuBus slots of the IIx, with which the SE/30 shares a common architecture) which supported third-party accelerators, network cards, or a display adapter. Although officially only able to support 32 MB, the SE/30 could expand up to 128 MB of RAM (a significant amount of RAM at the time), and included a

"Ratatouille (film)"
Ratatouille (film) Ratatouille ( , ) is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the eighth film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird, who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005. The title refers to a French dish, ""ratatouille"", which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character. The film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as Remy, an anthropomorphic rat who is interested in cooking; Lou Romano as Linguini, a

attraction would be built at the France Pavilion in Epcot's World Showcase by 2021. Ratatouille (film) Ratatouille ( , ) is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the eighth film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird, who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005. The title refers to a French dish, ""ratatouille"", which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character. The film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as

young garbage boy who befriends Remy; Ian Holm as Skinner, the head chef of Auguste Gusteau's restaurant; Janeane Garofalo as Colette, a rôtisseur at Gusteau's restaurant; Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego, a restaurant critic; Brian Dennehy as Django, Remy's father and leader of his clan; Peter Sohn as Emile, Remy's older brother; and Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau, a recently deceased chef. The plot follows a rat named Remy, who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant's garbage boy. Development of ""Ratatouille"" began in 2000 when Pinkava wrote

tots, a mite nostalgic and as male-dominated as a modern kitchen it may be, but these are mere quibbles about this delightful addition to the Pixar pantheon."" Andrea Gronvall of the ""Chicago Reader"" gave the film a positive review, saying ""Brad Bird's second collaboration with Pixar is more ambitious and meditative than his Oscar-winning ""The Incredibles""."" Owen Gleiberman of ""Entertainment Weekly"" gave the film a B, saying """"Ratatouille"" has the Pixar technical magic without, somehow, the full Pixar flavor. It's Brad Bird's genial dessert, not so much incredible as merely sweetly edible."" Peter Travers of ""Rolling Stone"" gave the film

film grossed $620.7 million at the box office and received critical acclaim. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, and was later voted one of the 100 greatest motion pictures of the 21st century by a 2016 poll of international critics conducted by BBC. Remy is an idealistic and ambitious young rat with highly developed senses of taste and smell who dreams of becoming a chef like his idol, the recently deceased Auguste Gusteau. When his family are forced to flee their home he becomes separated from them and eventually finds himself at a skylight overlooking the

the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying ""Writer and director Brad Bird keeps ""Ratatouille"" moving without resorting to the cute animal jokes or pop-culture wisecracking that ruined so many other recent animated films."" Tom Long of ""The Detroit News"" gave the film an A, saying """"Ratatouille"" has the technical genius, emotional core and storytelling audacity to lift it into the ranks of [the best] Pixar films, the crème de la crème of modern animation."" Liam Lacey of ""The Globe and Mail"" gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying ""No sketchy backgrounds here—""Ratatouille""s scenes feels like deep-focus camera

Ratatouille, created and run by Remy, Linguini, and Colette. The rats settle into their new home in the bistro's roof. Jan Pinkava came up with the concept in 2000, creating the original design, sets and characters and core storyline, but he was never formally named the director of the film. Lacking confidence in Pinkava's story development, Pixar management replaced him with Bird in 2005. Bird was attracted to the film because of the outlandishness of the concept and the conflict that drove it: that rats feared kitchens, yet a rat wanted to work in one. Bird was also delighted that

"Jesse Corti"
Jesse Corti Jesse Corti (born July 3, 1955) is a Venezuelan-American actor and voice actor. He is best known for voicing Le Fou in ""Beauty and the Beast"" and playing Courfeyrac in the original Broadway show ""Les Misérables"". He also voiced the Spanish Dignitary in ""Frozen"" and Mr. Manchas in ""Zootopia"". He has appeared in numerous feature films, and in several popular TV series such as ""24"", ""Heroes"", ""Desperate Housewives"", ""The West Wing"", ""Judging Amy"", ""Law & Order"" and many more. In 1990, he received a Clio Award for his Drug Free America commercial. He is originally from Venezuela, but

picture to date from Pixar Animation Studios, but it is also among the most enchanting and touching."" Jack Mathews of the ""New York Daily News"" gave the film four out of four stars, saying ""The Pixar magic continues with Brad Bird's ""Ratatouille"", a gorgeous, wonderfully inventive computer-animated comedy."" Stephen Whitty of the ""Newark Star-Ledger"" gave the film three out of four stars, saying ""Fresh family fun. Although there are those slightly noxious images of rodents scampering around a kitchen, the movie doesn't stoop to kid-pandering jokes based on back talk and bodily gases."" David Ansen of ""Newsweek"" gave the film

the film could be made a highly physical comedy, with the character of Linguini providing endless fun for the animators. Bird rewrote the story, with a change in emphasis. He killed off Gusteau, gave larger roles to Skinner and Colette, and also changed the appearance of the rats to be less anthropomorphic. Because ""Ratatouille"" is intended to be a romantic, lush vision of Paris, giving it an identity distinct from previous Pixar films, director Brad Bird, producer Brad Lewis and some of the crew spent a week in the city to properly understand its environment, taking a motorcycle tour and

how many times have real madrid won the champions league in a row

"Real Madrid C.F."
season was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues. Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row (five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90). With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga. The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen times and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer in the UEFA

Champions League, with 120 (121 including qualifiers) goals in total, 105 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number of consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League) with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70. Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning streak in all competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth worldwide. The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the Champions League, with ten. In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the Brazilian club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd

"Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions"
Real Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record thirteen times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 25 trophies, is

since 2003. On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency. Pérez continued with the ""Galácticos"" policy pursued in his first term, buying Kaká from Milan for a record-breaking (in pound sterling) sum of £56 million, and then breaking the record again by purchasing Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for £80 million. José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010. In April 2011, a strange occurrence happened when, for the first time ever, four ""Clásicos"" were to be played in a span of just 18 days. The first fixture was for the Liga campaign on 17 April (which

in terms of trophies won in the history of Real Madrid. Real Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Super Cup 2–1 against Manchester United. Five days later, Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the first leg of the 2017 Supercopa de España, before winning the second leg 2–0, ending a 24 consecutive scoring record of Barcelona in ""El Clásico"" matches, and with a 5–1 aggregate score. Real Madrid also won their third successive UEFA Champions League in 2018, becoming the first club to win three straight UEFA Champions League titles since the tournament's inception, as well as the

most successful clubs in the UEFA Champions League/European Cup competition, Real winning thirteen times and Bayern winning five times. Although they have never met in a final, Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 26 matches (12 wins for Madrid, 11 wins for Bayern, with 3 draws), Real's biggest loss at home in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000, 2–4. Real Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the """"Bestia negra"""" (""Black Beast""). During the 2010s, the two teams met

victory in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup. On 10 December 2016, Madrid won their 35th-straight match without a loss, which set a new club record. On 18 December 2016, Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup. With a 3–3 draw at Sevilla on 12 January 2017, Madrid's unbeaten run extended to 40, breaking Barcelona's Spanish record of 39 matches unbeaten in all competitions from the previous season. Their unbeaten streak ended after a 1–2 away loss against Sevilla in La Liga three days later. In May that year, Madrid won

lost 0–1 to Chelsea. Their first trophy came in 2002 after defeating Feyenoord with 3–1. In 1960, UEFA and their South-American equivalent, the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), created the Intercontinental Cup as a way of determining the best team in the world, by pitting the winners of the European Champions' Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores against each other. In 2000, FIFA launched their international club competition called the FIFA Club World Championship, featuring teams from all of its member associations. In the second edition — renamed the FIFA Club World Cup — in 2005, FIFA took over

at the club), he is also Real's most capped international player while with 127 caps (47 while at the club). Cristiano Ronaldo is Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, with 450 goals. Five other players have also scored over 200 goals for Real: Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–64), Santillana (1971–88), Ferenc Puskás (1958–66), Hugo Sánchez (1985–92) and the previous goalscoring record-holder Raúl (1994–2010). Cristiano Ronaldo also holds the record for the most league goals scored in one season (48 in 2014–15), alongside being Real's top goalscorer of all time in La Liga history with 311 goals. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58

matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl in 2005, which now is held by Cristiano Ronaldo with 105 goals. The fastest goal in the history of the club (12 seconds) was scored by the Brazilian Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a league match against Atlético Madrid. Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for a football cup competition, the Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of the Santiago Bernabéu is 81,044. The club's average attendance in 2007–08

"I Drive Your Truck"
has sold 870,000 copies in the US as of April 2014. I Drive Your Truck ""I Drive Your Truck"" is a song written by Jessi Alexander, Connie Harrington, and Jimmy Yeary and recorded by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released in December 2012 as the third single from his album ""Hard 2 Love"". The song is about the narrator driving a truck owned by his brother, who died in action in the United States Army. Co-writer Connie Harrington was inspired to write it after hearing an interview on ""Here and Now"" with a father, Paul Monti, whose

I Drive Your Truck ""I Drive Your Truck"" is a song written by Jessi Alexander, Connie Harrington, and Jimmy Yeary and recorded by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released in December 2012 as the third single from his album ""Hard 2 Love"". The song is about the narrator driving a truck owned by his brother, who died in action in the United States Army. Co-writer Connie Harrington was inspired to write it after hearing an interview on ""Here and Now"" with a father, Paul Monti, whose son, Medal of Honor recipient Jared, was killed in Afghanistan while

as well as Song of the Year at the 49th annual Academy of Country Music Awards. The video features Brice's brother, Lewis. The song gained sufficient airplay to debut on the Country Airplay for chart dated February 23, 2013, and eventually reaching No. 1 on this chart on April 20, 2013, making it his third consecutive No. 1. It also debuted on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 at No. 91 in February 2013 and peaked at No. 47 on April 13, 2013. It reached No. 6 on the Hot Country Songs and No. 11 on the Country Digital Songs. The song

"Big Ol' Truck"
The music video was directed by Marc Ball. It shows Toby performing with his band at an outside party, and him trying to get the girl in the truck. ""Big Ol' Truck"" debuted at number 75 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of July 15, 1995. Big Ol' Truck ""Big Ol' Truck"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in July 1995 as the fourth and final single from his 1994 album ""Boomtown"". The song peaked at number 15 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles

"I'm a Truck"
I'm a Truck ""I'm a Truck"" is a song made famous by country music singer Red Simpson. Originally released in 1971, the song — sometimes known as ""Hello, I'm a Truck"" — became Simpson's biggest hit single, reaching No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in January 1972, and spending 17 weeks on this chart. Producer Gene Breeden had been looking for artists for his label, Portland Limited, when he received a song called ""I'm a Truck"" from songwriter Robert Stanton. Breeden and Simpson met in Vancouver, Washington, in 1971, where Simpson agreed to record the song. That

muse about his life: The trucker flirts with waitresses but never tips them; he winds up parked next to a smelly cattle truck (instead of a pink Mack with ""pretty mudflaps"" and chromed stacks); the trucker beats on the tires with an iron (the truck wishes aloud he'd have ""a flat on the inside dual"" to teach the driver a lesson); and the trucker will probably ""take out that tape cartridge of Buck Owens and play him again"" (instead of the artist that the truck apparently really enjoys, Merle Haggard). I'm a Truck ""I'm a Truck"" is a song made

"Chevy Van (song)"
Chevy Van (song) ""Chevy Van"" is a 1973 song, written and sung by Sammy Johns with instrumental backing provided by Los Angeles-based session musicians from the Wrecking Crew. The song was a hit single in the United States and Canada in 1975, reaching #5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, and becoming a million seller. It was played primarily on AM Top 40 stations in the 1970s; later re-recordings were done in a country vein. It details how an unnamed male driver picks up an unnamed female, who then proceeds to eventually seduce him into a one-night stand in the

"Truckin'"
Truckin' ""Truckin'"" is a song by the Grateful Dead, which first appeared on their 1970 album ""American Beauty"". It was recognized by the United States Library of Congress in 1997 as a national treasure. Written by band members Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, and lyricist Robert Hunter, ""Truckin'"" molds classic Grateful Dead rhythms and instrumentation. The lyrics refer to a drug raid of the band's hotel lodgings in New Orleans during a concert tour earlier in 1970: The song's climactic refrain, ""What a long, strange trip it's been"", has achieved widespread cultural use in the years since the song's

Big Ol' Truck ""Big Ol' Truck"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in July 1995 as the fourth and final single from his 1994 album ""Boomtown"". The song peaked at number 15 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (Hot Country Songs) chart, making it the first single of his career to miss the Top 10. The song was a Top 10 in Canada, having reached number 10 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart. The narrator is in love with a girl who drives a ""big ol' truck.""

"Jared C. Monti"
where Monti trained, is named in his honor. The former Pine Plains Fitness Center on Fort Drum has been renamed the Monti Fitness Facility in honor of SFC Jared C. Monti. In May 2013, Connie Harrington, songwriter of Lee Brice's number one country hit ""I Drive Your Truck,"" revealed that she wrote the song after listening to Monti's father, Paul, on the public radio program ""Here & Now"". It was Paul Monti's answer to ""Here & Now"" when asked what he did to reconnect with his son's memory. Jared C. Monti Jared Christopher Monti (20 September 1975 – 21 June

Toddler
Toddler A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ""to toddle"", which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age. Toddler development can be broken down into a number of interrelated areas. There is reasonable consensus about what these areas may include: Although it is useful to chart defined periods of development, it is also necessary to recognize that development exists on a continuum, with considerable individual differences between children. There is a wide range of what may

Toddler
previously experienced. The toddler developmental timeline shows what an average toddler can do at what age from 12 months onward. Times vary greatly from child to child. It is common for some toddlers to master certain skills such as walking well before other skills, like talking. Even close siblings can vary greatly in the time taken to achieve each key milestone. Toddler A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ""to toddle"", which means to walk unsteadily, like a child

Preadolescence
are generally considered to reach preadolescence. There is no exact agreement as to when preadolescence starts and ends, and research by Gesell et al. suggests that ""chronological time...is by no means identical with developmental time"" – the duration of the ""inner"" stages of growth' – or with physiological time. While known as ""preadolescent"" in psychology, the terms ""preteen"", ""preteenager"" or ""tween ""are common in everyday use. A preteen or preteenager is a person 12 and under. Generally, the term is restricted to those close to reaching age 12, especially age 11. ""Tween"" is an American neologism and marketing term for

"Emerging adulthood and early adulthood"
12 to 18. This is because people in this age group in the United States typically live at home with their parents, are undergoing pubertal changes, attend middle schools and high schools and are involved in a ""school-based peer culture"". All of these characteristics are no longer normative after the age of 18, and it is, therefore, considered inappropriate to call young adults ""adolescence"" or ""late adolescence"". Furthermore, in the United States, the age of 18 is the age at which people are able to legally vote and citizens are granted full rights upon turning 21 years of age. According

Toddler
be considered 'normal' development. However, according to experts, there are specific milestones that should be achieved by certain ages and stages in life in order to properly grow and develop. At one year of age, the typical toddler will be able to display the following skills: <poem>""If I want it, it's mine. If I give it to you and change my mind later, it's mine. If I can take it away from you, it's mine. If I had it a little while ago, it's mine. If it's mine it will never belong to anyone else, no matter what. If we

Preadolescence Preadolescence, also known as pre-teen or tween, is a stage of human development following early childhood and preceding adolescence. It commonly ends with the beginning of puberty, but may also be defined as ending with the start of the teenage years. For example, dictionary definitions generally designate it as 10–13 years. Preadolescence can bring its own challenges and anxieties. Being prepubescent is not the same thing as being preadolescent. Instead, ""prepubescent"" (and sometimes ""child"") is a term for boys and girls who have not developed secondary sex characteristics, while ""preadolescent"" is generally defined as those ranging from age 10

Toddler
as nine months old depending on the child and environment. Toddlers tend to have temper tantrums because they have such strong emotions but do not know how to express themselves the way that older children and adults do. They also throw tantrums to let others know that they are free and can do what they want. The toddler is discovering that they are a separate being from their parent and are testing their boundaries in learning the way the world around them works. Although the toddler is in their exploratory phase, it is also important to understand that the methods

Toddler
used by the parents for communicating with the toddler can either set off a tantrum or calm the situation. Research has shown that parents with histories of maltreatment, violence exposure, and related psychopathology may have particular difficulty in responding sensitively and in a developmentally appropriate manner to their toddlers' tantrums and thus may benefit from parent-child mental health consultation. This time between the ages of two and five when they are reaching for independence repeats itself during adolescence. Self-awareness is another milestone that helps parents understand how a toddler is reacting. Around 18 months of age, a child will begin

emerging adults who have attended college or university have been exposed to and have considered different worldviews, and eventually commit to a worldview that is distinct from the worldview with which they were raised by the end of their college or university career. When Americans between the ages of 18 and 25 are asked whether they believe they have reached adulthood, most do not answer with a ""no"" or a ""yes"", but answer with ""In some respects yes, in some respects no"". It is clear from this ambiguity that most emerging adults in the United States feel they have completed

to 13 years. Preadolescence may also be defined as the period from 9 to 14 years. The point at which a child becomes an adolescent is defined by the onset of puberty or the beginning of the teenage stage. Adolescence is also viewed as ending with the teenage stage. However, in some individuals (particularly females), puberty begins in the preadolescence years. Studies indicate that the onset of puberty has been one year earlier with each generation since the 1950s. One can also distinguish middle childhood and preadolescence – middle childhood from approximately 5–8 years, as opposed to the time children

McChicken
McChicken The McChicken is a chicken sandwich sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. The sandwich consists of a toasted wheat bun, a breaded chicken patty, shredded lettuce, and mayonnaise. The sandwich, originally introduced in 1980, proved to be a sales disappointment and was later replaced with the highly successful Chicken McNuggets. But following the success of McNuggets, the McChicken was reintroduced in 1988. But again, McDonald's removed the McChicken from its menus in the United States on September 26, 1996, and it was replaced with the Crispy Chicken Deluxe, which was part of McDonald's ill-fated Deluxe line

McChicken
the latter is served on an artisan roll, instead of the sesame seed bun of its Canadian counterpart). McDonald's restaurants in Spain serve a variant with barbecue sauce rather than mayonnaise McChicken The McChicken is a chicken sandwich sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. The sandwich consists of a toasted wheat bun, a breaded chicken patty, shredded lettuce, and mayonnaise. The sandwich, originally introduced in 1980, proved to be a sales disappointment and was later replaced with the highly successful Chicken McNuggets. But following the success of McNuggets, the McChicken was reintroduced in 1988. But again, McDonald's

McChicken
""McTeriChicken"" variant, a McChicken with teriyaki (""teri"") sauce. ""Teri"" is heavily used in Hawaii and has been added to various McDonald's sandwiches, such as the ""McTeri Burger"". In other US states, there is also another variant of the McChicken Sandwich called the ""Cheddar Onion McChicken"", which is a McChicken with caramelized onions and a slice of white cheddar cheese, both on a toasted bun. In most countries outside of the US (such as India), the McChicken comes on a sesame-seed bun and is not spicy. In Canada, the UK, Ireland, Australia (where it originally appeared as a promotional menu item

"Chicken McNuggets"
Chicken McNuggets Chicken McNuggets are a type of chicken product sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. Chicken McNuggets were conceived by Keystone Foods in the late 1970s eventually leading to their introduction in select markets in 1981. The nuggets were made available worldwide by 1983 after the fixing of a supply issue. The formula was changed in 2016 to remove artificial preservatives and improve the nutrition. They consist of small pieces of processed boneless chicken meat that have been battered and deep fried. The Chicken McNugget is a small piece of processed chicken meat that is fried

McChicken
specific McDonald's franchises, the McChicken is adapted to appeal to the local population's tastes. When the McChicken was reintroduced to McDonald's menu in mid-to-late 1997 as a smaller sandwich, it was initially marketed as the Cajun (Style) McChicken. The name was changed back to just McChicken around 2001, alongside the change to a milder, softer chicken patty. In the south and southwestern parts of the US, the Hot 'n Spicy variant is sold. It originated as a nationwide menu item in January 2006, but by June of that year, McDonald's confirmed it had been discontinued due to slow sales. In

McChicken
but, due to its popularity, became a full-time menu item) and New Zealand, the McChicken also comes on a sesame-seed bun but with lettuce and a seasoned mayonnaise sauce called ""McChicken Sauce"". In the UK, the ""Junior Chicken"" is sold as the ""Mayo Chicken"". In Canada, the low-priced chicken option is called the ""Junior Chicken"", which generally costs C$1.99 (as an offering on McDonald's Canada's ""Value Picks"" menu), but the sandwich is only lightly spiced. It is referred to as the cousin of the Canadian McChicken, which in turn is more akin to the US' Premium Crispy Chicken sandwich (though

wheat flour, salt, leavening (baking soda, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, calcium lactate), spices, wheat starch, dextrose, corn starch. Prepared in vegetable oil (canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil) with citric acid as a preservative. McDonald's ingredients can vary outside of the US. In August 2016 McDonald's announced that Chicken McNuggets no longer contained artificial preservatives. Chicken McNuggets are sold in various portion sizes depending on the country of purchase. In the United States, they come in packs of 4, 6, 10, 20 and 50 (in selected stores). In some markets, including the United

McMuffin
McMuffin McMuffin is a family of breakfast sandwiches sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. The Egg McMuffin is the signature sandwich, which was invented in 1972 by Herb Peterson to resemble eggs Benedict, a traditional American breakfast dish with English muffins, ham, eggs and hollandaise sauce. In the US and Canada the standard McMuffin consists of a slice of Canadian bacon, a griddle-fried egg, and a slice of American cheese on a toasted and buttered English muffin. The round shape of the egg is made by cooking it in a white plastic ring surrounded by an outer

McGriddles
McGriddles McGriddles are a type of breakfast sandwich sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. Introduced in 2003, it is available in the following markets: United States, Turkey, Canada, Poland, Japan, Guatemala, Mexico, the Philippines, Singapore, and New Zealand (for a limited time). The standard McGriddles sandwich consists of fried bacon, a scrambled egg flap, and American cheese served on a small pancake made with maple flavoring. Both the top and bottom pancakes are embossed with the McDonald's logo. When McDonald's launched its all-day breakfast menu in October 2015, McGriddles were initially excluded from the menu, but the

McChicken
of sandwiches. But once again, the McChicken was brought back gradually towards the later months of 1997, due to overwhelming letters and petitions. Additionally, in the United States, the sandwich is somewhat smaller than it was previously, as it is now on the ""Dollar Menu & More"" (previously just the Dollar Menu), which offers various food products starting at US$1.00. The meat of the McChicken sandwich used to be 50% white meat and 50% dark meat. Viewed in April 2015, McDonald's website states that the McChicken contains a blend of dark and white meat chicken. In certain regions and at

"In Time"
""one of the 99%"" and calls the character ""a Rolex Robin Hood"". ""In Time"" grossed $12 million on its opening weekend, debuting at number three behind ""Puss in Boots"", and ""Paranormal Activity 3"". The film declined later on during its 14 weekend box office run. The film eventually grossed over $37.5 million in the US and $136.4 million internationally for a worldwide total of $173.9 million. In Time In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written, directed, and produced by Andrew Niccol. Justin Timberlake, Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy star as people in a society

"Time Lapse (film)"
Time Lapse (film) Time Lapse is a 2014 American indie sci-fi thriller directed by Bradley D. King and starring Danielle Panabaker, Matt O'Leary, and George Finn. King's directorial debut, it centers upon a group of friends who discover a machine that can take pictures of things 24 hours into the future, causing increasingly complex causal loops. It premiered on April 18, 2014 at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival. Finn (Matt O'Leary) is a painter with a creative block, who lives together with his girlfriend Callie (Danielle Panabaker) and his best friend Jasper (George Finn) in an apartment complex where

"In Time"
""I'm.mortal"" were used. On July 12, 2010, it was reported that Amanda Seyfried had been offered a lead role. On July 27, 2010, it was confirmed that Justin Timberlake had been offered a lead role. On August 9, 2010, Cillian Murphy was confirmed to have joined the cast. The first photos from the set were revealed on October 28, 2010. 20th Century Fox and New Regency distributed the film, and Marc Abraham and Eric Newman's Strike Entertainment produced it. In an interview with Kristopher Tapley of ""In Contention"", Roger Deakins stated that he would be shooting the film in digital,

"All in Time (film)"
All in Time (film) All in Time is a 2015 romantic comedy film released domestically through Distribber and internationally through TomCat Films. The film marks the feature writing, producing and directorial collaboration of Marina Donahue, along with her producing/writing/directing partner Chris Fetchko. Aside from the film title referring to the passage of time, it is also twist in the film. Stars include Lynn Cohen, Vanessa Ray and Jean-Luc Bilodeau. The film tells the story of a young couple named Charlie and Rachel, an intern (Clark) and their elderly neighbor, Mrs. Joshman. Music is treated like a character in this film.

Elements of time travel are explored, as well as philosophical platitudes such as 'following your dream' and taking 'detours' in your life to see where they lead you. The film is a mix of drama, comedy, music and sci-fi. Chris Fetchko was the manager for the rock group The Badlees and wrote a story based on his experience with Marina Donahue of Corner Bar Pictures. The collaboration led to the indie film winning numerous film festivals and premiering in New York with host Peter Travers of the New York Film Critics Series and ""Rolling Stone"". All In Time was the

"Same Damn Time"
among the ten-song extension of their ""Top 100 songs of the year"" list. The official music video, directed by Dr. Teeth, was released on April 6, 2012. It features cameo appearances from DJ Drama, Waka Flocka Flame and Trae tha Truth. The video premiered on BET's show ""106 & Park"". The video was shot in Future's hometown Atlanta and was inspired by the hood. In an interview with MTV, Future claimed it was ""more like a movie"". Atlantic Records A&R DJ Drama, commented during the video shoot that ""It's crazy in the streets, it's crazy in the club, Future seems

"A Moment in Time (film)"
A Moment in Time (film) A Moment in Time is a 2013 Filipino romantic drama film directed by Emmanuel Quindo Palo and starring Coco Martin and Julia Montes. The film was shot in Amsterdam and other cities such as Paris. The film was produced by Dreamscape Cinema and Star Cinema and released February 13, 2013. This marks Coco Martin and Julia Montes' first film together after their TV series ""Walang Hanggan"". Patrick (Coco Martin) is a part-time waiter and self-employed artist. He meets Jillian (Julia Montes) on a subway and the two fall in love. Patrick later discovers Jillian's past

"About Time (2013 film)"
About Time (2013 film) About Time is a 2013 British romantic comedy-drama film about a young man with the special ability to time travel who tries to change his past in order to improve his future. The film was written and directed by Richard Curtis, and stars Domhnall Gleeson, Rachel McAdams and Bill Nighy. It was released in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2013. The film received mixed critical response and was a moderate box office success grossing $87.1 million against a $12 million budget. Tim Lake (Domhnall Gleeson) is a young man from Cornwall. He grows up in

"Tom vs Time"
2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to ""Tom vs Time"", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's ""Religion of Sports"" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele Bündchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his

"My First Time (film series)"
lives."" The film series debuted in May, 2015. Each film runs approximately 6 minutes. The filmmakers have teased future films on Twitter and Instagram. Some of the writers interviewed, but whose film has not yet been released include George Saunders, Mary Karr, Victor LaValle, and Dana Spiotta. My First Time (film series) My First Time is an ongoing short web series, featuring authors discussing their first published book. It is produced by ""The Paris Review"" and hosted on their website. It is made by filmmakers Tom Bean and Luke Poling, as well as Casey Brooks and Ryan Scafuro. Bean and

a concave mirror can form a real image which is a copy of an object that forms

"Mirror image"
Mirror image A mirror image (in a plane mirror) is a reflected duplication of an object that appears almost identical, but is reversed in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. As an optical effect it results from reflection off of substances such as a mirror or water. It is also a concept in geometry and can be used as a conceptualization process for 3-D structures. In geometry, the mirror image of an object or two-dimensional figure is the virtual image formed by reflection in a plane mirror; it is of the same size as the original object, yet different,

in a mirror ""does"" result in a change in chirality, more specifically from a right-handed to a left-handed coordinate system (or vice versa). As a consequence, if one looks in a mirror and lets two axes (up-down and front-back) coincide with those in the mirror, then this gives a reversal of the third axis (left-right). If a person stands side-on to a mirror, left and right will be reversed ""directly"" by the mirror, because the person's left-right axis is then normal to the mirror plane. However, it's important to understand that there are ""always"" only two enantiomorphs, the object and

images are investigated in the subject called geometrical optics. In chemistry, two versions (isomers) of a molecule, one a ""mirror image"" of the other, are called enantiomers if they are not ""superposable"" (the correct technical term, though the term ""superimposable"" is also used) on each other. That is an example of chirality (chemistry). In general, an object and its mirror image are called enantiomorphs. If a point of an object has coordinates (""x"", ""y"", ""z"") then the image of this point (as reflected by a mirror in the ""y"", ""z"" plane) has coordinates (-""x"", ""y"", ""z""). Thus reflection is a

unless the object or figure has reflection symmetry (also known as a P-symmetry). Two-dimensional mirror images can be seen in the reflections of mirrors or other reflecting surfaces, or on a printed surface seen inside-out. If we look at an object that is effectively two-dimensional (such as writing) and then turn it towards a mirror, the object turns through an angle of 180º and we see a left-right reversal in the mirror. In this example, it is the change in orientation rather than the mirror itself that causes the observed reversal. Another example is when we stand with our backs

to the mirror and face an object that's in front of the mirror. Then we compare the object with its reflection by turning ourselves 180º, towards the mirror. Again we perceive a left-right reversal due to a change in orientation. So, in these examples the mirror does not actually cause the observed reversals. The concept of reflection can be extended to three-dimensional objects, including the inside parts, even if they are not transparent. The term then relates to structural as well as visual aspects. A three-dimensional object is reversed in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. In physics, mirror

Mirror
Mirror A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular reflection. This is different from other light-reflecting objects that do not preserve much of the original wave signal other than color and diffuse reflected light, such as flat-white paint. The most familiar type of mirror is the plane mirror, which has a flat surface. Curved mirrors are also used, to produce magnified or diminished images or focus light or simply

reversal of the coordinate axis perpendicular (normal) to the mirror's surface. Although a plane mirror reverses an object only in the direction normal to the mirror surface, there is usually a ""perception"" of a left-right reversal. Hence, the reversal is called ""lateral inversion"". The perception of a left-right reversal is probably because the left and right of an object are defined by its perceived top and front, but there is still some debate about the explanation amongst psychologists.The psychology of the perceived left-right reversal is discussed in ""Much ado about mirrors"" by Professor Michael Corballis (see ""external links"", below). Reflection

"Real image"
(such as the images on the right), real rays of light are always represented by full, solid lines; perceived or extrapolated rays of light are represented by dashed lines. A real image occurs where rays converge, whereas a virtual image occurs where rays only ""appear"" to converge. Real images can be produced by concave mirrors and converging lenses, only if the object is placed further away from the mirror/lens than the focal point and this real image is inverted. As the object approaches the focal point the image approaches infinity, and when the object passes the focal point the image

"Curved mirror"
Curved mirror A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either ""convex"" (bulging outwards) or ""concave"" (bulging inwards). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. A convex mirror,

who had the best strike rate among batsmen who scored over 200 runs in the world cup

"Brian Lara"
Brian Lara Brian Charles Lara, (born 2 May 1969) is a Trinidadian former international cricketer, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. He topped the Test batting rankings on several occasions and holds several cricketing records, including the record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket, with 501 not out for Warwickshire against Durham at Edgbaston in 1994, which is the only quintuple hundred in first-class cricket history. Lara also holds the record for the highest individual score in a Test innings after scoring 400 not out against England at Antigua in 2004. He is

"1,000 first-class runs before the end of May"
reached 1,000 runs before the end of May in 1938, Bill Edrich, mainly thanks to a sporting declaration by Australia at 5.09pm on the third and final day of the match against Middlesex at Lord's on 28–30 May, when Edrich needed another 10 runs. The feat has become rare since the Second World War, with only Glenn Turner and Graeme Hick reaching 1,000 runs before the end of May since 1938. In part, this is due to the reduced schedule of first-class cricket since the introduction of domestic one-day cricket competitions in the 1970s, and a reduction in the number

of first-class matches played by English county teams and touring international teams. The start of the English cricket season has crept earlier in April in recent years, and Nick Compton came close to achieving 1,000 runs before the end of May 2012, needing 59 runs on 31 May against Worcestershire. Rain intervened with Compton having only scored nine, but he scored a century after resuming his innings the following day to pass 1,000 runs on 1 June. Other near misses include John Langridge who reached 1,000 runs on 1 June 1949, and Brian Lara, who reached 1,000 runs on 2

"Century (cricket)"
of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Accordingly, reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century; if the batsman then goes on to score a century, the half-century is succeeded in statistics by the century. Chris Gayle holds the record of fastest hundred in the history of cricket when he smashed 100 in just 30 balls and scored 175* runs off 66 balls overall in 20 overs in IPL against Pune Warriors

Test cricket was between W. G. Grace and A. P. Lucas, batting for England, in the first innings of the only Test match between England and Australia on the Australians 1880 tour of England, played at the Kennington Oval (6–8 September 1880). The current holder of the record for most centuries in Test cricket is Sachin Tendulkar of India, who has scored 51 centuries. The first One Day International (ODI) century was scored by Denis Amiss who amassed 103 runs against Australia at Old Trafford in 1972. (the second official ODI on record). Sachin Tendulkar currently holds the record for

"Double (cricket)"
16 times. George Hirst achieved the feat on 14 occasions, including a unique ""double double"" in 1906 of 2385 runs and 208 wickets. Jim Parks senior managed the unique double of 3000 runs and 100 wickets in 1937. Maurice Tate, who scored 1193 runs and took 116 wickets during the MCC tour of India and Ceylon in 1926-27, is the only cricketer to achieve the feat outside England. The ""wicketkeeper's double"", of one thousand runs and one hundred dismissals in a season, is very rare, having only been achieved by Les Ames, on three occasions, and by John Murray. Double

"Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar"
Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar This page presents some of the notable achievements of Sachin Tendulkar, a former Indian cricketer, universally regarded as one of the best batsmen of all time. Debates on Tendulkar's precise rank amongst his predecessors are unlikely to conclude soon. He was the sport's first batsman to score a double century (200 runs not out) in a single One Day International match, and is so far the only player to have scored 100 centuries in internationals. He played first-class cricket for 26 years and one day, whilst his international career spanned exactly 24 years from 15 November

"Geoffrey Boycott"
offered contracts by other counties, including Derbyshire and Glamorgan, but he never took these offers up, nor played professional cricket again. At the time of his retirement he had scored more first-class runs than any other player. Over Boycott's 18-year career he scored 8,114 runs in 108 Test matches for England. He was the first England cricketer to pass 8,000 Test runs and, as of 2015, is sixth on England's all-time run scoring list (behind Alastair Cook, Graham Gooch, Alec Stewart, David Gower and Kevin Pietersen). His average of 47.72 runs over 193 innings is the highest completed career average

"First Battle of Ypres"
German attacks in the opposite direction on 20 October. The ""race"" ended on the Belgian coast around 17 October, when the last open area from Dixmude to the North Sea, was occupied by Belgian troops withdrawing from Antwerp after the Siege of Antwerp (28 September – 10 October). The outflanking attempts resulted in indecisive encounter battles through Artois and Flanders, at the Battle of La Bassée the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Armentières North-east France and the south-west Belgium are known as Flanders. West of a line between Arras and Calais in the north-west are chalk downlands, covered

First Battle of Ypres The First Battle of Ypres ( , was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium, during October and November 1914. The battle was part of the First Battle of Flanders, in which German, French and Belgian armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) fought from Arras in France to Nieuport on the Belgian coast, from 10 October to mid-November. The battles at Ypres began at the end of the Race to the Sea, reciprocal attempts by the German and Franco-British armies to advance past the

After the retreat of the French Fifth Army and the BEF, local operations took place from August–October. General Fournier was ordered on 25 August to defend the fortress at Maubeuge, which was surrounded two days later by the German VII Reserve Corps. Maubeuge was defended by fourteen forts, a garrison of territorials and British and Belgian stragglers. The fortress blocked the main Cologne–Paris rail line, leaving only the line from Trier to Liège, Brussels, Valenciennes and Cambrai open to the Germans, which was needed to carry supplies southward to the armies on the Aisne and transport troops of the 6th

obtain a decisive victory and by November both sides were exhausted. The armies were short of ammunition, suffering from low morale and some infantry units refused orders. The autumn battles in Flanders had become static, attrition operations, unlike the battles of manoeuvre in the summer. French, British and Belgian troops in improvised field defences, repulsed German attacks for four weeks. From 21 to 23 October, German reservists had made mass attacks at Langemarck, with losses of up to to little effect. Warfare between mass armies, equipped with the weapons of the Industrial Revolution and its later developments, proved to be

had lost by September, having been killed by the end of the year. The weather became much colder, with rain from and a little snow on 15 November. Night frosts followed and on 20 November, the ground was covered by snow. Frostbite cases appeared and the physical strain increased, among troops occupying trenches half-full of freezing water, falling asleep standing up and being sniped at and bombed from opposing trenches away. On 12 November, a German attack surprised the French IX Corps and the British 8th Division arrived at the front on 13 November and more attacks were made on

the battle the gunners fired on targets of opportunity, since German positions were so well camouflaged. As the fighting moved north into Belgian Flanders, the artillery found that Shrapnel shells had little effect on buildings and called for high explosive ammunition. During a general attack on 18 October, the German defenders achieved a defensive success, due to the disorganised nature of the British attacks, which only succeeded where close artillery support was available. The unexpected strength of the German 4th Army opposite, compounded British failings, although the partly trained, poorly led and badly equipped German reserve corps suffered high casualties.

armies in the Battle of the Frontiers After the defeat of the French Fifth Army at the Battle of Charleroi (21 August) and the BEF in the Battle of Mons (23 August), both armies made a rapid retreat to avoid envelopment. A counter-offensive by the French and the BEF at the First Battle of Guise failed to end the German advance and the Franco-British retreat continued beyond the Marne. From the First Battle of the Marne ended the retreat and forced the German armies to retire towards the Aisne river, where the First Battle of the Aisne was fought from

Army northwards from Lorraine to Flanders. On 7 September, the garrison surrendered, after super-heavy artillery from the Siege of Namur demolished the forts. The Germans took and captured Small detachments of the Belgian, French and British armies conducted operations in Belgium and northern France, against German cavalry and Jäger. On 27 August, a squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) flew to Ostend, for reconnaissance sorties between Bruges, Ghent and Ypres. Royal Marines landed at Dunkirk on the night of and on 28 September, a battalion occupied Lille. The rest of the brigade occupied Cassel on 30 September and

out in late November. Brigadier-General James Edmonds, the British official historian, wrote in the History of the Great War, that the II Corps battle at La Bassée could be taken as separate but that the battles from Armentières to Messines and Ypres, were better understood as one battle in two parts, an offensive by III Corps and the Cavalry Corps from 12 to 18 October against which the Germans retired and an offensive by the German 6th Army and 4th Army from 19 October to 2 November, which from 30 October, took place mainly north of the Lys, when the

day sluice gates on the coast at Nieuport were opened, which flooded the area between the Yser and the railway embankment, running north from Dixmude. On 30 October, German troops crossed the embankment at Ramscapelle but as the waters rose, were forced back the following evening. The floods reduced the fighting to local operations, which diminished until the end of the battle on 30 November. The Battle of Langemarck took place from after an advance by the German 4th and 6th armies which began on 19 October, as the left flank of the BEF began advancing towards Menin and Roulers.

"Why Does It Hurt So Bad"
Why Does It Hurt So Bad ""Why Does It Hurt So Bad"" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for the 1995 film ""Waiting to Exhale"". It was released on July 7, 1996, by Arista Records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack. The song was written and produced solely by Babyface. Musically, it is an R&B ballad, and the lyrics chronicle a lovelorn lament. The song garnered positive reviews from critics, who commended Houston's vocal effort. It charted in the United States on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at number twenty-six. It also reached

"Sometimes It Hurts"
video ends as the band members walk off into the sunset. Sometimes It Hurts ""Sometimes It Hurts"" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the 1998 album ""Darkest Days"". The song's music video begins with vocalist Chris Hall waking up in a field following an accident. Hall walks over to a river, where he finds a red-heeled shoe. Hall is lifted by a crane, before he is dropped into a flower garden. Hall is next dragged to an old house where he finds an old dress. The other

Sometimes It Hurts ""Sometimes It Hurts"" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the 1998 album ""Darkest Days"". The song's music video begins with vocalist Chris Hall waking up in a field following an accident. Hall walks over to a river, where he finds a red-heeled shoe. Hall is lifted by a crane, before he is dropped into a flower garden. Hall is next dragged to an old house where he finds an old dress. The other band members join him before the house is torn down. The

You and Me"", ""It Hurts Like Hell"", originally performed by Aretha Franklin, and ""I Will Always Love You"". This performance was taped in Sopot, Poland, on August 22, 1999 and broadcast on Polish television channel, TVP1. Retrieved from CD liner notes Why Does It Hurt So Bad ""Why Does It Hurt So Bad"" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for the 1995 film ""Waiting to Exhale"". It was released on July 7, 1996, by Arista Records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack. The song was written and produced solely by Babyface. Musically, it

"Tell Me Where It Hurts (Garbage song)"
Tell Me Where It Hurts (Garbage song) ""Tell Me Where It Hurts"" is the 2007 lead single from alternative rock band Garbage's career-spanning greatest hits album ""Absolute Garbage"", and was released as a physical single by A&E Records in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and as a digital single or airplay-only release in other worldwide territories. ""Tell Me Where It Hurts"" was written by Garbage members Duke Erikson, Shirley Manson, Steve Marker and Butch Vig in Los Angeles in March 2007 after an eighteen-month hiatus from working as a group, as they needed to write some new songs for inclusion

"Bodies (Drowning Pool song)"
Guitar Down Promo CD Promo CD #2 Burying The Trend - Mme Krappabelle a frappe Bart Simpson web soundtrack Bodies (Drowning Pool song) ""Bodies"" (often called ""Let the Bodies Hit the Floor"") is a song by the American rock band Drowning Pool and also is the lead single from their debut album ""Sinner"". Released in May 2001, ""Bodies"" is Drowning Pool's signature song and has been featured in various films, TV programs, and advertisements since its release. It was also the theme song for the 2001 WWF SummerSlam pay-per-view event, as well as that of the ECW brand in 2006

to Chris Willman of ""Entertainment Weekly"", the emotions of the movie merged with the real-life circumstances of Houston's troubled marriage to Bobby Brown. ""Now, I'm ready to sing not only the joys of things, but the pains of things, also,"" Houston explained. ""Why Does It Hurt So Bad"" is an R&B ballad. The song was written and produced by Kenneth Brian Edmonds, popularly known as ""Babyface"". According to the sheet music book for ""The Greatest Hits"" at Sheetmusicplus.com, the song is written in the key of B major, and moves at a tempo of 69 beats per minute. It is

"Everybody Hurts"
Everybody Hurts ""Everybody Hurts"" is a song by American rock band R.E.M., originally released on the band's 1992 album ""Automatic for the People"" and was also released as a single in 1993. It peaked at number twenty nine on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Iceland. Much of the song was written by drummer Bill Berry, although as R.E.M. shares songwriting credits among its members, it is unknown how much he actually wrote. Berry's drums are largely absent from the song—a Univox drum machine

Bodies (Drowning Pool song) ""Bodies"" (often called ""Let the Bodies Hit the Floor"") is a song by the American rock band Drowning Pool and also is the lead single from their debut album ""Sinner"". Released in May 2001, ""Bodies"" is Drowning Pool's signature song and has been featured in various films, TV programs, and advertisements since its release. It was also the theme song for the 2001 WWF SummerSlam pay-per-view event, as well as that of the ECW brand in 2006 to early 2008. During 2001, the song got popular, but the song was taken off radio stations after the

"I Don't Know Why (I Just Do)"
1932, and Charles Trenet in 1946. I Don't Know Why (I Just Do) ""I Don't Know Why (I Just Do)"" is a 1931 popular song. The music was written by Fred E. Ahlert, the lyrics by Roy Turk. The song was published in 1931. It had three periods of great popularity: in 1931, right after its publication; in 1946; and in 1961 into 1962. In 1931, the biggest-selling version was either by Russ Columbo or by Wayne King; both versions and recordings by Benny Krueger's orchestra (with a vocal by Smith Ballew) and by Kate Smith all had significant popularity.

who were farmers who kept a small portion of their crops & gave the rest to the landowners

Sharecropping
farmer kept the produce of gardens. The sharecropper purchased seed, tools, and fertilizer, as well as food and clothing, on credit from a local merchant, or sometimes from a plantation store. At harvest time, the cropper would harvest the whole crop and sell it to the merchant who had extended credit. Purchases and the landowner's share were deducted and the cropper kept the difference—or added to his debt. Though the arrangement protected sharecroppers from the negative effects of a bad crop, many sharecroppers (both black and white) remained quite poor. Arrangements typically left a third of the crop to the

Zerat
Zerat Zerat refers to a land ownership system in early colonial India. The zerat system was particularly common in Bengal and Bihar. It refers to the private land of the landlord, which would often be cultivated by peasants. Zerat was mainly responsible for a change in traditional forms of agricultural organization in some parts of India, replacing the ryot system. It produced a strain on the peasant economy, despite peasants being free to grow their own crops. In indigo cultivation practiced by planters in Bihar and Bengal, the ""rayat"" and ""zerat"" were common practices which represented two labour hiring processes.

"Farm (revenue leasing)"
tax rights were not transferable or divisible, unlike feudal fiefdoms. Tax farming was an important step in the history of economic development by providing a method for collecting taxes across a large area without the need for a tax-collecting bureaucracy, or during periods when such a bureaucracy is unworkable or impossible to maintain. Systems of tax farming similar to the Roman model were used in Ptolemaic Egypt, various medieval Western European countries, the Ottoman and Mughal empires, and in Qing Dynasty China. As states become stronger, buoyed up by revenues brought in by tax farming, the practice was discontinued in

Ghana and Zimbabwe. Sharecropping became widespread in the South as a response to economic upheaval caused by the end of slavery during and after Reconstruction. Sharecropping was a way for very poor farmers, both white and black, to earn a living from land owned by someone else. The landowner provided land, housing, tools and seed, and perhaps a mule, and a local merchant provided food and supplies on credit. At harvest time, the sharecropper received a share of the crop (from one-third to one-half, with the landowner taking the rest). The cropper used his share to pay off his debt

Metayage
Metayage The Metayage system (, , ) is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named , whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. Métayage was available under Roman law, although it was not in widespread use. It proved useful after the emancipation of Roman slaves as the newly freed peasants had no land or cash (the same phenomenon happened in Brazil and the USA when slavery was banned). In what is now northern Italy and southeastern

Ryot
Ryot Ryot (alternatives: raiyat, rait or ravat) was a general economic term used throughout India for peasant cultivators but with variations in different provinces. While zamindars were landlords, raiyats were tenants and cultivators, and served as hired labour. A raiyat was defined as someone who has acquired a right to hold land for the purpose of cultivating it, whether alone or by members of his family, hired servants, or partners. It also referred to succession rights. Ryot originates from the Hindi word ""ra`īyat"" and the Arabic word ""ra`īyah"", translated as ""flock"" or ""peasants"", in turn originating from the word ""ra`ā"",

Ptolemies, Seljuks, Mamluks, Ottomans, the French State prior to Louis XVI (see ferme générale), and Russia prior to 1862. In many cases, such as the Abbasid practice of Iqta, these rights were granted by an authority, in this example the caliph, for services rendered or promised. In the Byzantine ""pronoia"" system, similar rights were often purchased from the crown. Though such arrangements in some respects seem similar to the feudal system, there are significant disparities, including continuance of state power and, at least in the case of ""pronoia"", theoretical time limits on the grant. In many cases, including those mentioned,

Peasant
times and endured until the nineteenth century in many areas. Under this system, peasants lived on a manor presided over by a lord or a bishop of the church. Peasants paid rent or labor services to the lord in exchange for their right to cultivate the land. Fallowed land, pastures, forests, and wasteland were held in common. The open field system required cooperation among the peasants of the manor. It was gradually replaced by individual ownership and management of land. The relative position of peasants in Western Europe improved greatly after the Black Death had reduced the population of medieval

"Family farm"
of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: ""primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a

"Equal-field system"
that required long-term development, such as farms for mulberry trees (for silkworms). The system was intended to foster the development of land and to ensure that no agricultural land lay neglected. This prevented aristocrats from developing large power bases by monopolizing the fields, and allowed the common people to partake of the land and ensure their livelihood. From these, the government was able to develop a tax base and to slow the accumulation of land by vast, untaxable estates. This was also used by the Tang dynasties to break the dynastic cycle. The dynastic cycle was the idea that all

"Curling at the Winter Olympics"
but was approved for the 2018 Winter Olympics at an IOC Executive Board meeting in June 2015. Since the 1998 Olympics, Canada has generally dominated the sport with their men's teams winning gold in 2006, 2010, and 2014, and silver in 1998 and 2002. The women's team won gold in 1998 and 2014, a silver in 2010, and a bronze in 2002 and 2006. Their mixed doubles team won gold in 2018. The related ice stock sport (""Eisstockschießen"" in German) was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964. These events are not considered additional demonstrations of curling. The final placement

"World Curling Championships"
odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States and Norway have all won at least one championship. The World Curling Championships began in 1959 as the Scotch Cup. The first three Cups were contested between men's teams from Scotland and Canada. The United States joined the Scotch Cup in 1961, and Sweden also joined the next year. Canada won the first six world titles, of which the legendary rink skipped by Ernie Richardson earned four. The

United States was the first country to break Canada's streak, winning their first world title in 1965. By 1967, Norway, Switzerland, France, and Germany were added to the Scotch Cup, and Scotland won their first title, while Canada finished without a medal for the first time. The tournament was renamed the Air Canada Silver Broom the year after that, and Canada strung together five consecutive world titles starting in that year. In 1973, the competing field was expanded to ten teams, and Italy and Denmark were introduced to the world stage. Sweden, Switzerland, and Norway won their first titles in

Curling
Winter Olympics. Eight points – all the rocks thrown by one team counting – is the highest score possible in an end, and is known as an ""eight-ender"" or ""snowman"". Scoring an eight-ender against a relatively competent team is very difficult; in curling, it is considered the equivalent of pitching a perfect game in baseball. Probably the best-known snowman came at the 2006 Players' Championships. Future (2007) World Champion Kelly Scott scored eight points in one of her games against 1998 World bronze medalist Cathy King. Competition teams are normally named after the skip, for example, Team Martin after skip

Curling
Week) would be considered official Olympic events and no longer be considered demonstration events. Thus, the first Olympic medals in curling, which at the time was played outdoors, were awarded for the 1924 Winter Games, with the gold medal won by Great Britain, two silver medals by Sweden, and the bronze by France. A demonstration tournament was also held during the 1932 Winter Olympic Games between four teams from Canada and four teams from the United States, with Canada winning 12 games to 4. Since the 1998 Olympics, Canada has dominated the sport with their men's teams winning gold in

Curling
the Canadian team from Regina, Saskatchewan, skipped by Ernie Richardson. (The ""skip"" is the team member who calls the shots; see below.) Curling was one of the first sports that was popular with women and girls. Curling has been a medal sport in the Winter Olympic Games since the 1998 Winter Olympics. It currently includes men's, women's and mixed doubles tournaments (the mixed tournament was held for the first time in 2018). In February 2002, the International Olympic Committee retroactively decided that the curling competition from the 1924 Winter Olympics (originally called ""Semaine des Sports d'Hiver"", or International Winter Sports

"Canada at the Winter Olympics"
in the Albertville and Lillehammer games. Canada has won four gold medals in bobsleigh. The first, a surprising victory by Vic Emery's four-man team in Innsbruck (1964). The second was won by Pierre Lueders and Dave MacEachern in the two-man event in Nagano (1998) - a race that produced a rare tie in which both the Canadian pair and an Italian pair were awarded gold (a German pair won bronze). The Canadian men's duo of Justin Kripps and Alex Kovacz would repeat the feat in 2018, tying for gold with a German sled. In the first back to back wins

"Ice Hockey World Championships"
for a certain period of time. Canada was the tournament's first dominant team, winning the tournament 12 times between 1930 and 1952. The United States, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Great Britain and Switzerland were also competitive during this period. The Soviet Union first participated in 1954 and soon became rivals with Canada. From 1963 until the nation's breakup in 1991, the Soviet Union was the dominant team, winning 20 championships. During that period, only three other nations won medals: Canada, Czechoslovakia and Sweden. Russia first participated in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia began competing in 1993. In the 2000s, the

Curling Association that Canada would host one of the tournaments annually each year, all of which are title sponsored by Ford of Canada. Canada began a streak of top two finishes in the men's tournament, and China won their first world title in the women's tournament in 2009. In 2008, a world championship for mixed doubles curling was created. Switzerland won the first world mixed doubles title, and proceeded to win four of the first five titles. Russia and Hungary won their first world curling titles in the mixed doubles championship, and New Zealand, France, Austria, and the Czech Republic

and on 1 February 2018 the results were restored. The IOC is challenging this decision. Alex Gough won Canada's first ever Olympic medal (Bronze) in Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Canada has won at least one medal in figure skating in 14 of the 17 post-war Winter Olympic games (since 1948). Canada's gold medalists are Barbara Ann Scott (1948) and the pairs of Barbara Wagner and Robert Paul (1960); Jamie Salé and David Pelletier (2002); and Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (2010 and 2018). Canada also won gold in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics

heart of Democratic economic policy. The welfare state supports a progressive tax system, higher minimum wages, social security, universal health care, public education and public housing. They also support infrastructure development and government-sponsored employment programs in an effort to achieve economic development and job creation while stimulating private sector job creation. Additionally, since the 1990s the party has at times supported centrist economic reforms, which cut the size of government and reduced market regulations. The party has continuously rejected ""laissez-faire"" economics as well as market socialism, instead favoring Keynesian economics within a capitalist market-based system. Democrats support a more progressive

Democratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. The Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive (""Bull Moose"") Party, beginning a switch of political platforms

rights, multiculturalism and religious secularism. A longstanding social policy is upholding civil rights, which affect ethnic and racial minorities and includes voting rights, equal opportunity and racial equality. The party championed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which for the first time outlawed segregation. Democrats made civil rights and anti-racism a core party philosophy. Carmines and Stimson say that ""the Democratic Party appropriated racial liberalism and assumed federal responsibility for ending racial discrimination"". Ideological social elements in the party include cultural liberalism, civil libertarianism and feminism. Other Democratic social policies are internationalism, open immigration, electoral reform and women's reproductive rights.

democrats. Since the 1890s, the party has favored liberal positions (the term ""liberal"" in this sense describes modern liberalism, rather than classical liberalism or economic liberalism). In recent exit polls, the Democratic Party has had broad appeal across all socio-ethno-economic demographics. Historically, the party has represented farmers, laborers, labor unions and religious and ethnic minorities as it has opposed unregulated business and finance and favored progressive income taxes. In foreign policy, internationalism (including interventionism) was a dominant theme from 1913 to the mid-1960s. In the 1930s, the party began advocating welfare spending programs targeted at the poor. The party had

of social programs, support for labor unions, affordable college tuitions, moves toward universal health care and equal opportunity, consumer protection and environmental protection form the core of the party's economic policy. The party has united with smaller liberal regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business and Southern conservative-populist anti-business wings. The New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelt's New

"Party of the Democratic Revolution"
an education -from beginning education to university- that is secular, public, free, scientific, and of quality, as well as an education that strengthens national identity. The PRD, since its founding, believes that the state should have jurisdiction and should intervene in the fundamental and prioritized areas of the productive sector, as are nutrition, production of clean energy, telecommunications, the process of technology, infrastructure, communication mediums, financial systems, and technology trade for the national and regional development, restraining ownership and dominion of hydrocarbons and radio-electric spectrum for the nation and the recovery of basic goods that guarantee sovereignty. The PRD defends

"History of the United States Democratic Party"
the most populous states at the time) and the American frontier. Democrats opposed elites and aristocrats, the Bank of the United States and the whiggish modernizing programs that would build up industry at the expense of the yeoman or independent small farmer. Historian Frank Towers has specified an important ideological divide: Democrats stood for the 'sovereignty of the people' as expressed in popular demonstrations, constitutional conventions, and majority rule as a general principle of governing, whereas Whigs advocated the rule of law, written and unchanging constitutions, and protections for minority interests against majority tyranny. From 1828 to 1848, banking and

between the Democratic and Republican Party over the coming decades, and leading to Woodrow Wilson being elected as the first fiscally progressive Democrat. Since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of centrists and progressives, with a small minority of conservative Democrats. The party's philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy. These interventions, such as the introduction

"National Democratic Party (United States)"
because they opposed McKinley's imperialistic foreign policy. The platform was adopted at the Convention of the National Democratic Party at Indianapolis, Indiana on September 3, 1896: This convention was assembled to uphold the principles upon which depends the honor and welfare of the American people in order that Democrats throughout the Union may unite their patriotic efforts to avert disaster from their country and ruin from their party. The Democratic party is pledged to equal justice and exact justice in all men of every creed and condition; to the largest freedom of individual consistent with good government; to the preservation

"Democratic-Republican Societies"
up of farmers, artisans, mechanics, and common laborers were led by richer merchants, local politicians, militia captains, naval officers, doctors, lawyers, and printers. Their persistence of egalitarian and republican thought revolutionized ideas about liberty through the Jacksonian era and beyond. The members often included dissenting teachers and theologians striving to create a more progressive, humanitarian, and enlightened society. Their ideas were also influenced by classical and modern republicanism, particularly the works of Aristotle and Machiavelli, and by the 'Common Sense' philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment. This philosophy led the societies to oppose many of the Federalist Party policies. The societies

"You Can't Always Get What You Want"
You Can't Always Get What You Want ""You Can't Always Get What You Want"" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album ""Let It Bleed"". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by ""Rolling Stone"" magazine in its 2004 list of the ""500 Greatest Songs of All Time"". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: ""You Can't Always Get What You Want"" was the first song recorded for the album. It exists in two versions, a 5:00 single mix and a 7:28 album mix. ""You Can't Always

of the song as a play-out at rallies to be ""odd,"" given that it is a ""sort of doomy ballad about drugs in Chelsea."" The Rolling Stones Additional personnel You Can't Always Get What You Want ""You Can't Always Get What You Want"" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album ""Let It Bleed"". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by ""Rolling Stone"" magazine in its 2004 list of the ""500 Greatest Songs of All Time"". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: ""You Can't Always

Get What You Want"" was recorded on 16 and 17 November 1968 at Olympic Sound Studios in London. It features the London Bach Choir opening the song (the choir opening is only on the album version), highlighting throughout, and bringing it to its conclusion. Jimmy Miller, the Stones' producer at the time, plays drums on this song instead of Charlie Watts. Al Kooper plays piano and organ, as well as the French horn intro, while Rocky Dijon plays congas and maracas. In his review of the song, Richie Unterberger of AllMusic said: ""If you buy John Lennon's observation that the

"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
members. The song was written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio. Arrangement was done by Artie Schroeck and Gaudio. The original recording was made at A&R Recording Studios at 799 7th Avenue, with Bob Crewe producing and Phil Ramone engineering. The song has been covered by some 200 artists over the years, in many countries, under both versions of the title. A few notable examples of cover versions that appeared on the charts: Can't Take My Eyes Off You ""Can't Take My Eyes Off You"" is a 1967 single credited to Frankie Valli. The song was among his biggest hits,

"Can't Get Enuff"
Can't Get Enuff ""Can't Get Enuff"" is a single by American rock band Winger, from their album ""In the Heart of the Young"". Written by frontman Kip Winger and guitarist Reb Beach, ""Can't Get Enuff"" was the first single from the band's second album, debuting on the U.S. charts in July 1990. The song's music video received heavy rotation at MTV and the up-tempo rocker was Winger's most successful track at rock radio, where it peaked at #6 on the ""Billboard"" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was also a moderate pop hit, narrowly missing the Top 40 to peak

"Can't Nobody"
Can't Nobody ""Can't Nobody"" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland. Penned and produced by Rich Harrison for Rowland's solo debut album ""Simply Deep"" (2002), it incorporates elements of Trouble Funk's 1982 song ""Let's Get Small"", written by band members Robert ""Syke Dyke"" Reed and Tony Fisher. The song was released as the album's third single in February 2003 and although it widely failed to match the success of its predecessors ""Stole"" and ""Dilemma"", ""Can't Nobody"" reached the top-five in the United Kingdom, as well as the top-twenty in Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands and Ireland. ""Can't Nobody""

"Can't Get Enough (Bad Company song)"
Can't Get Enough (Bad Company song) ""Can't Get Enough"" is a song by the English supergroup Bad Company. Appearing on the band's 1974 self-titled debut album, it is their biggest hit and is considered their most popular song. As a single, this song reached #5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart and #1 on ""Cashbox"" magazine's Top 100 Singles chart. The song is also frequently played on classic rock radio stations. The song is credited to guitarist Mick Ralphs, who tuned his guitar in the open-C tuning C-C-G-C-E-C. Ralphs stated that ""It never really sounds right in standard tuning.

The album and single version of ""Can't Get Enuff"" can also be heard on the band's greatest hits album, ""The Very Best of Winger"" (Atlantic/Rhino 2001). In 2007, two more versions of the song were released; the original demo version recorded by the band can be heard on the Cleopatra Records album ""Demo Anthology"", and a live version appears on the Frontiers Records release ""Winger Live"". Can't Get Enuff ""Can't Get Enuff"" is a single by American rock band Winger, from their album ""In the Heart of the Young"". Written by frontman Kip Winger and guitarist Reb Beach, ""Can't Get

"I Can't Take It"
picked the song as one of twenty stand-out tracks from the band's career. He wrote: ""This is pure, unfiltered power pop for the masses, with Todd Rundgren's bright 'n' shiny production, giving it a radio-friendly sheen. One of the great, semi-lost Cheap Trick numbers, and one they still perform live."" I Can't Take It ""I Can't Take It"" is a song by the American rock band Cheap Trick, released in 1983 as the second single from their seventh studio album ""Next Position Please"". The song was written by Robin Zander (his only solo credit on a Cheap Trick song) and

"Bert Bolle Barometer"
well-considered choice of durable materials like oak and borosilicate glass certainly play an important role in its continued longevity. Other attempts to copy the instrument have floundered due to the use of inferior material, a lack of constant supervision, pollution of the pipe system and other factors reducing durability. Bert Bolle Barometer The Bert Bolle Barometer is a large water barometer. At over 12.5 metres tall, it is recognized as the largest barometer in the world by The International Guinness Book of Records. The instrument was created in 1985 in the Netherlands; in 2007 it was reinstalled in the new

Bert Bolle Barometer The Bert Bolle Barometer is a large water barometer. At over 12.5 metres tall, it is recognized as the largest barometer in the world by The International Guinness Book of Records. The instrument was created in 1985 in the Netherlands; in 2007 it was reinstalled in the new Visitor Centre of Denmark, Western Australia and was removed from there in 2011. The Dutch writer and barometer specialist Bert Bolle (born 1947) designed and built the water barometer in 1985 as the focal point of the Barometer Museum, which he ran with his wife Ethne in the 18th-century

"World's tallest thermometer"
World's tallest thermometer The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. The sign weighs and is held together by of concrete. It stands tall and is capable of displaying a maximum temperature of , both of which are a reference to the temperature record. It was built in 1991 by the Young Electric Sign Company of Salt Lake City, Utah for Willis Herron, a local Baker businessman who spent $700,000 to build

after summer 2017. The world's tallest thermometer is located at 72157 Baker Boulevard in Baker, California. It is visible from three different angles along Interstate 15 in Southern California's Mojave Desert. A gift shop at the base of the thermometer stands near a commemorative plaque that describes the history of the site. World's tallest thermometer The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. The sign weighs and is held together by of

Thermometer
the principles of the thermometer were known to Greek philosophers of two thousand years ago. The modern thermometer gradually evolved from the thermoscope with the addition of a scale in the early 17th century and standardisation through the 17th and 18th centuries. While an individual thermometer is able to measure degrees of hotness, the readings on two thermometers cannot be compared unless they conform to an agreed scale. Today there is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. Internationally agreed temperature scales are designed to approximate this closely, based on fixed points and interpolating thermometers. The most recent official temperature scale is

"Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope"
and secure operation of the telescope remotely from anywhere in the world, and its structure is designed to operate in winds of speed up to 30 km/h and retain its structural integrity in the parking position in winds of speed up to 150 km/h. Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is the world's largest telescope at the highest altitude being established at Hanle, Ladakh, India. It is being built by Electronics Corporation of India, Hyderabad, for the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. It was assembled at the campus of Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle. Operational since

"Medical thermometer"
(1836–1925) designed a medical thermometer that was much more portable, measuring only six inches long and taking only five minutes to record a patient's temperature. In 1868, German physician, pioneer psychiatrist, and medical professor Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich published his studies that consisted of over one million readings from twenty-five thousand patients' temperatures, taken in the underarm. With his findings, he was able to conclude a healthy human's temperature fell within the range of 36.3 to 37.5 °C (97.34 to 99.5 °F). Dr. Theodor H. Benzinger (13 April 1905 - 26 Oct 1999) invented the ear thermometer in 1964. Born

Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is the world's largest telescope at the highest altitude being established at Hanle, Ladakh, India. It is being built by Electronics Corporation of India, Hyderabad, for the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. It was assembled at the campus of Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle. Operational since 2016, it is remotely operated and runs on solar power. The telescope is the second-largest gamma ray telescope in the world and will help the scientific community enhance its understanding in the fields of astrophysics, fundamental physics, and particle acceleration mechanisms. The largest telescope

"Atomic clock"
by the (INRiM), NIST's counterpart in Turin, Italy. As of February 2016 the IT-CsF2 caesium fountain clock started reporting a ""u"" of in the BIPM reports of evaluation of primary frequency standards. Most research focuses on the often conflicting goals of making the clocks smaller, cheaper, more portable, more energy efficient, more accurate, more stable and more reliable. The Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space is an example of clock research. A list of frequencies recommended for secondary representations of the second is maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) since 2006 and is available online. The list

thermal radiation is proportional, by a universal constant, to the frequency of the maximum of its frequency spectrum; this frequency is always positive, but can have values that tend to zero. Another way of identifying hotter as opposed to colder conditions is supplied by Planck's principle, that when a process of isochoric adiabatic work is the sole means of change of internal energy of a closed system, the final state of the system is never colder than the initial state; except for phase changes with latent heat, it is hotter than the initial state. There are several principles on which

puppeteering for the body and the physical orientation"", where actor Dan Stevens was ""in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film"". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately in order to ""communicate the subtleties of the human face"" and ""[capture the] thought that occurs to him"" which gets ""through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast."" The castle servants who are transformed into household objects were created with CGI animation. Before the release of the film, Bill Condon refilmed one certain sequence in the ""Days of the Sun"" number,

were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as ""perfect"". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered

same year, Stephen Chbosky (who had previously directed Watson in ""The Perks of Being a Wallflower"") was hired to re-write the script. Before Condon was hired to direct the film, Disney approached him with a proposal to remake the film in a more radical way as Universal Studios had remade ""Snow White and the Huntsman"" (2012). Condon later explained that ""after ""Frozen"" opened, the studio saw that there was this big international audience for an old-school-musical approach. But initially, they said, 'We're interested in a musical to a degree, but only half full of songs.' My interest was taking that

effects, costume designs and the sets, while commending the inclusion of Gad's character of LeFou as the first LGBT character in Disney. Owen Gleiberman of ""Variety"", in his positive review of the film, wrote: ""It's a lovingly crafted movie, and in many ways a good one, but before that it's an enraptured piece of old-is-new nostalgia."" Gleiberman compared Steven's character of the Beast to a royal version of the titular character in ""The Elephant Man"" and the 1946 version of the Beast in Jean Cocteau's original adaptation. A. O. Scott of ""The New York Times"" praised the performances of both

also praised the film for its emotional and psychological tone as well Steven's motion capture performance. Tim Robey of ""The Daily Telegraph"" gave the film four stars out of five and wrote that ""It dazzles on this chocolate box of a picture that feels almost greedy yet to make this film work, down to a sugar-rush finale to grasp the nettle and make an out-an-out, bells-and-whistles musical"" while he praised the performances of Watson, McKellen, Thompson, McGregor, Evans and Gad. Mark Hughes of ""Forbes"" also similarly praised the film which he wrote that ""it could revive the story in a

satisfied."" In her A- review, Nancy Churnin of ""The Dallas Morning News"" praised the film's emotional and thematic depth, remarking: ""There's an emotional authenticity in director Bill Condon's live-action Beauty and the Beast film that helps you rediscover Disney's beloved 1991 animated film and 1994 stage show in fresh, stirring ways."" James Berardinelli of ReelViews described the 2017 version as ""enthralling"". Brian Truitt of ""USA Today"" commended the performances of Evans, Gad, McGregor and Thompson alongside Condon's affinity with musicals, the production design, visual effects featured in some of the song numbers including new songs made by the composers Alan

he praised Kline's performance as the ""best, sweetest thing in the movie; he brings a sense of calm, droll authority"". Peter Bradshaw of ""The Guardian"" praised Watson's performance and wrote that the film was ""lit in that fascinatingly artificial honey-glow light, and it runs smoothly on rails—the kind of rails that bring in and out the stage sets for the lucrative Broadway touring version."" In the same newspaper, Wendy Ide criticized the film as ""ornate to the point of desperation"" in its attempt to emulate the animated film. Chris Nashawaty of ""Entertainment Weekly"" gave the film a B-, writing that

"Second Continental Congress"
Jefferson, who arrived several weeks later. Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph, but he declined. Hancock was elected president on May 24. Delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies were present when the Second Continental Congress convened. Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second. On May 13, 1775, Lyman Hall was admitted as a delegate from the Parish of St. John's in the Colony of Georgia, not as a delegate from the colony itself. On July 4, 1775, revolutionary Georgians held a Provincial Congress to decide

by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties such as the Olive Branch Petition. The Second Continental Congress came together on May 11, 1775, effectively reconvening the First Continental Congress. Many of the 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second, and the delegates appointed the same president (Peyton Randolph) and secretary (Charles Thomson). Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts. Within two weeks, Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas

consolidated support in their home governments. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee offered a resolution before the Congress declaring the colonies independent. He also urged Congress to resolve ""to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign Alliances"" and to prepare a plan of confederation for the newly independent states. Lee argued that independence was the only way to ensure a foreign alliance, since no European monarchs would deal with America if they remained Britain's colonies. American leaders had rejected the divine right of kings in the New World, but recognized the necessity of proving their credibility in the

government that was not inclined toward independence should form one that was. On May 15, they adopted a more radical preamble to this resolution, drafted by John Adams, which advised throwing off oaths of allegiance and suppressing the authority of the Crown in any colonial government that still derived its authority from the Crown. That same day, the Virginia Convention instructed its delegation in Philadelphia to propose a resolution that called for a declaration of independence, the formation of foreign alliances, and a confederation of the states. The resolution of independence was delayed for several weeks, as advocates of independence

"First Continental Congress"
they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances. The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Their appeal to the Crown had no effect, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War. The delegates also urged each colony to set up and train its own militia. The Congress met from September 5 to October 26, 1774. Peyton Randolph presided over the proceedings; Henry Middleton took

"North Carolina Provincial Congress"
with 69 delegates from 30 of the then-36 counties, approved the calling of a Continental Congress and elected William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, and Richard Caswell as the colony's delegates thereto. The congress also approved a trade boycott to protest British actions against New England. The second congress also met at New Bern, from April 3 to 7, 1775. John Harvey once again served as moderator. The congress met at the same place and almost the same time as the colonial assembly, and had almost exactly the same membership. This infuriated the royal governor Josiah Martin, who dissolved the colonial legislature

by the American congress. The First Continental Congress met briefly in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from September 5 to October 26, 1774. It consisted of fifty-six delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States of America. The delegates, who included George Washington (then a colonel of the Virginia Colony's volunteers), Patrick Henry, and John Adams, were elected by their respective colonial assemblies. Other notable delegates included Samuel Adams from Massachusetts Bay Colony, and Joseph Galloway and John Dickinson from the Province of Pennsylvania. Peyton Randolph of Virginia was its president. Benjamin Franklin had

that the Continental Congress would have to convene once again. The Second Continental Congress convened on May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia's State House, passing the resolution for independence the following year on July 2, 1776, and publicly asserting the decision two days later with the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the declaration, and John Adams was a leader in the debates in favor of its adoption. John Hancock of Massachusetts was the president during those debates. To govern during the American Revolutionary War, the Second Continental Congress continued, meeting at various locations, until it became the Congress

over as President of the Congress from October 22 to 26. Charles Thomson, leader of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, was selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress. The delegates who attended were not of one mind concerning why they were there. Conservatives such as Joseph Galloway, John Dickinson, John Jay, and Edward Rutledge believed their task to be forging policies to pressure Parliament to rescind its unreasonable acts. Their ultimate goal was to develop a reasonable solution to the difficulties and bring about reconciliation between the Colonies and Great Britain. Others such as Patrick Henry, Roger Sherman, Samuel

and the Patapsco River to shell the town. Congress was again forced to flee Philadelphia at the end of September 1777, as British troops occupied the city; they moved to York, Pennsylvania and continued their work. Congress passed the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777, after more than a year of debate, and sent them to the states for ratification. Jefferson's proposal for a Senate to represent the states and a House to represent the people was rejected, but a similar proposal was adopted later in the United States Constitution. One issue of debate was large states wanting a

"Impractical Jokers"
Impractical Jokers Impractical Jokers is an American hidden camera reality series that premiered on TruTV on December 15, 2011, and is produced by NorthSouth Productions. It follows Joseph ""Joe"" Gatto, James ""Murr"" Murray, Brian ""Q"" Quinn, and Salvatore ""Sal"" Vulcano, the four members of the comedy troupe The Tenderloins, as they coerce one another into doing public pranks while being filmed by hidden cameras. The show differs from other prank television programs, focusing on witty humor, as compared to slapstick, crude comedy. On March 7, 2018, TruTV announced that the show would be renewed for an eighth season that will

have 26 episodes and is expected to air in February 2019. TruTV also confirmed an ""Impractical Jokers"" feature-length movie is planned, which began filming in April 2018 and is expected to premiere sometime in 2019. Joseph ""Joe"" Gatto, James ""Murr"" Murray, Brian ""Q"" Quinn, and Salvatore ""Sal"" Vulcano, four high school friends who attended Monsignor Farrell High School, from Staten Island, New York, formed the live improv and sketch comedy troupe The Tenderloins in 1999. After a long and successful history, including winning the $100,000 grand prize in NBC's ""It’s Your Show"" competition, the group went into television. In 2008,

store. The criteria of each challenge are the same for each of the Jokers competing in the round. If the Joker cannot complete their task, they get a thumbs-down. At the end of the episode, the Joker or Jokers with the most thumbs down is punished, and the punishments are usually more embarrassing, humiliating, disgusting, painful or scary than any of the challenges. Punishments cannot be refused, or the Joker will be kicked off the show. As of the 2017-18 television season, the series is syndicated to American broadcast stations by Trifecta Entertainment & Media, with a clearance rate of

"The Tenderloins"
The Tenderloins The Tenderloins is an American comedy troupe currently composed of Joseph ""Joe"" Gatto, James ""Murr"" Murray, Brian ""Q"" Quinn, and Salvatore ""Sal"" Vulcano. The group stars in the popular television series ""Impractical Jokers"", which premiered on December 15, 2011. The program currently airs on truTV in the U.S. and on Comedy Central in the UK, Ireland, and India. The comedians met in religion class during freshman year at Monsignor Farrell High School on Staten Island in 1990. They became interested in drama and improv and joined an improv club because ""it was the only way to meet girls"",

"Impractical Jokers Movie"
Impractical Jokers Movie Impractical Jokers Movie is an upcoming American reality comedy film directed by Chris Henchy and stars the ""Impractical Jokers""' Brian ""Q"" Quinn, James ""Murr"" Murray, Salvatore ""Sal"" Vulcano and Joseph ""Joe"" Gatto, also known as The Tenderloins. The ""Impractical Jokers Movie"" ""will tell the story of a humiliating high school mishap from 1992 that sends the Impractical Jokers on the road competing in hidden-camera challenges for the chance to turn back the clock and redeem three of the four."" The film will be produced by Joseph Gatto, James Murray, Salvatore Vulcano, Brian Quinn, Chris Henchy and Funny

"The Impractical Joker"
The Impractical Joker The Impractical Joker is a 1937 Fleischer Studios animated short film starring Betty Boop. Pinto Colvig (the voice of Goofy) provides the voice for Irving. Betty Boop is baking a cake, when Irving the practical joker comes for a visit. Betty becomes the victim of such pranks as shaking a false hand and getting squirted in the face. Betty calls on Grampy for help, and he quickly rigs his apartment to counteract Irving's pranks and send him on his way. Irving gets the last laugh, when Grampy lights the candle on the cake. Irving replaced the candle

"Impractical Jokers UK"
Impractical Jokers UK Impractical Jokers UK is the British version of the American hidden camera-practical joke reality television series, ""Impractical Jokers"". Throughout the show they challenge their friends to do and to say embarrassing things to an unsuspecting public. The first two series of the show aired on BBC Three in 2012 and 2014, featuring Paul McCaffrey, Joel Dommett, Marek Larwood, and Roisin Conaty. In April 2015, Channel 5 and Comedy Central announced a new series starring Lee Griffiths, Matt Ralph, Paul Biggin, and David Moon, replacing the previous four comedians. Matt Edmondson is the narrator. Before every challenge, the

"The Jokers"
David want to do something ""big"". They decide to do a crime as a ""grand gesture"". The brothers take Inge, David's new inamorata, on a tour of London, including the Tower of London. At a dinner party they learn that you cannot be charged with theft unless you intend to permanently deprive the owner of their property. David proposes stealing the crown jewels and sending letters out beforehand, showing they aren’t intending to permanently deprive. Michael is somewhat jealous of David, as David is considered the ‘good’ son and him the ‘bad’ son. They write and deliver the letters. They

At the time they pitched the idea to TruTV, Murray was VP of Development for NorthSouth Productions, the company that has produced the series since its inception. Before every challenge, the Jokers explain where they are, what the challenge is, and what will happen if they fail. Often (but not always) the cast member(s) performing the prank wears an earpiece, while the others have a mic in a covert location. Cameras are hidden near the area to capture the action. The challenge location is usually a public area in or around New York City such as a city park, or

"Biogenesis baseball scandal"
the longest suspension of all the players linked to Biogenesis, was punished for ""his use and possession of numerous forms of prohibited performance-enhancing substances, including testosterone and human growth hormone, over the course of multiple years"" and ""for his attempts to cover up those violations and obstruct a league investigation"", according to MLB. The 13 player suspensions are the most to be imposed simultaneously in the history of organized baseball, the previous record being Kenesaw Mountain Landis' banning of eight players for life for throwing the 1919 World Series. Melky Cabrera, Bartolo Colón, and Yasmani Grandal each had previously been

Maharashtra
who are elected for five-year terms. The Maharashtra Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) is a permanent body of 78 members with a third of members replaced every two years. The government of Maharashtra is headed by the Chief Minister, who is chosen by the party or coalition holding the majority in the Legislative Assembly. The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, drives the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the Governor, who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice

of the Union government. presently Devendra Fadnavis is the Chief Minister and C. Vidyasagar Rao is the Governor. The politics of the state since its formation in 1960 have been dominated by the Indian National Congress party. Maharashtra became a bastion of the Congress party producing stalwarts such as Yashwantrao Chavan, Vasantdada Patil, Vasantrao Naik and Shankarrao Chavan. Sharad Pawar has been a towering personality in the state and National politics for over thirty years. During his career, he has split the Congress twice with significant consequences for the state politics. The Congress party enjoyed a near unchallenged dominance of

"Prithviraj Chavan"
Prithviraj Chavan Prithviraj Chavan (born 17 March 1946) is an Indian politician who was the 17th Chief Minister of Maharashtra, a state in Western India. Chavan is a graduate of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and University of California in mechanical engineering. He spent time working in the field of aircraft instrumentation and designing audio recorders for anti-submarine warfare in the US before returning to India and becoming an entrepreneur in 1974. Referred to in the media as a technocrat with a clean, non-controversial image, a low-profile leader. Chavan served as the Minister of State in the

named Jai. Ankita married on 29 November 2013 in Delhi. Prithviraj Chavan Prithviraj Chavan (born 17 March 1946) is an Indian politician who was the 17th Chief Minister of Maharashtra, a state in Western India. Chavan is a graduate of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and University of California in mechanical engineering. He spent time working in the field of aircraft instrumentation and designing audio recorders for anti-submarine warfare in the US before returning to India and becoming an entrepreneur in 1974. Referred to in the media as a technocrat with a clean, non-controversial image, a low-profile

"Sudhir Mungantiwar"
helped establish the Gondwana University, for Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts. Sudhir Mungantiwar Sudhir Mungantiwar (born 30 July 1962) is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, India. He currently serves as the Cabinet Minister of Finance & Planning and Forests departments in the Government of Maharashtra, in office since October 2014. Previously, he was the Maharashtra State President for Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2010 to 2013 and the Minister of Tourism and Consumer Protection in the Government of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999.In 2014, he was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly to serve for a fifth consecutive

Sudhir Mungantiwar Sudhir Mungantiwar (born 30 July 1962) is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, India. He currently serves as the Cabinet Minister of Finance & Planning and Forests departments in the Government of Maharashtra, in office since October 2014. Previously, he was the Maharashtra State President for Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2010 to 2013 and the Minister of Tourism and Consumer Protection in the Government of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999.In 2014, he was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly to serve for a fifth consecutive term.He also holds additional charge as the Guardian Minister of

"Devendra Fadnavis"
Devendra Fadnavis Devendra Gangadharrao Fadnavis (born 22 July 1970) is an Indian politician and 18th, incumbent Chief Minister of Maharashtra holding the office from 31 October 2014. A member of Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, at the age of 44, he became the second youngest Chief Minister of Maharashtra after Sharad Pawar. Fadnavis represents the Nagpur South West constituency in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. Fadnavis was born on 22 July 1970 in Nagpur. His father, Gangadhar Fadnavis, served as a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council from Nagpur. His mother, Sarita Fadnavis, who is a descendant of the

"B. G. Kher"
sincerity and a preference for the ""Anglo"" way of administration. B. G. Kher Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957) was the first chief minister (then called Premier) of Bombay State which consisted of present-day Maharashtra and Gujarat States of India. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as ""Sajjan"", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions. Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888

"Politics of Maharashtra"
Maharashtra is headed by the Chief Minister, who is chosen by the party or alliance with a majority of members in the Legislative Assembly. The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, drives the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the Governor, who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice of the Union government. Maharashtra also elects members to both chambers of the Indian Parliament. Representatives to India's lower chamber, the Lok Sabha, are elected by adult universal suffrage

B. G. Kher Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957) was the first chief minister (then called Premier) of Bombay State which consisted of present-day Maharashtra and Gujarat States of India. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as ""Sajjan"", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions. Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888 at Ratnagiri in a middle class Karhade Brahmin family. He

"Aaron Lewis"
Aaron Lewis Aaron Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and founding member of the alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released seven studio albums. He has also enjoyed a successful solo career in country music with his debut EP ""Town Line"", which was released on March 1, 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release, ""The Road"", was released by Blaster Records on November 13, 2012. Lewis released his second studio album ""Sinner"" on September 16, 2016. In 2006, Lewis was ranked

Staind
Kiss, Van Halen, Led Zeppelin, Whitesnake, the Beatles, Alice in Chains, Black Sabbath, Pearl Jam, Nirvana, Stone Temple Pilots, Helmet, James Taylor, Korn, and Crosby, Stills & Nash as influences. Touring musicians Timeline Studio albums Staind Staind ( ) is an American rock band formed in 1995. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Aaron Lewis, lead guitarist Mike Mushok, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny April, and drummer Jon Wysocki. The lineup has been stable outside of Wysocki's departure in 2011, who was replaced by Sal Giancarelli. The band has recorded seven studio albums: ""Tormented"" (1996), ""Dysfunction""

Staind
Staind Staind ( ) is an American rock band formed in 1995. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Aaron Lewis, lead guitarist Mike Mushok, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny April, and drummer Jon Wysocki. The lineup has been stable outside of Wysocki's departure in 2011, who was replaced by Sal Giancarelli. The band has recorded seven studio albums: ""Tormented"" (1996), ""Dysfunction"" (1999), ""Break the Cycle"" (2001), ""14 Shades of Grey"" (2003), ""Chapter V"" (2005), ""The Illusion of Progress"" (2008), and ""Staind"" (2011). The band's activity became more sporadic after their self-titled release, with Lewis pursuing a

"Carl Barât"
University of Winchester for his contribution to the arts. Carl Barât Carl Ashley Raphael Barât (; born 6 June 1978) is a British musician, best known for being the co-frontman with Pete Doherty of the garage rock band The Libertines. He was the frontman and lead guitarist of Dirty Pretty Things, and in 2010 debuted a solo album. In 2014 he announced the creation of his new band, The Jackals. Carl Barât was born in Basingstoke, England on 6 June 1978, and spent most of his childhood in Whitchurch, Hampshire. In a September 2004 interview with ""Blender Magazine"", Barât mentioned

Carl Barât Carl Ashley Raphael Barât (; born 6 June 1978) is a British musician, best known for being the co-frontman with Pete Doherty of the garage rock band The Libertines. He was the frontman and lead guitarist of Dirty Pretty Things, and in 2010 debuted a solo album. In 2014 he announced the creation of his new band, The Jackals. Carl Barât was born in Basingstoke, England on 6 June 1978, and spent most of his childhood in Whitchurch, Hampshire. In a September 2004 interview with ""Blender Magazine"", Barât mentioned having a French, Russian and Polish ethnic background. As

"Dan Stuart"
Dan Stuart Daniel Gordon ""Dan"" Stuart (born March 5, 1961, Los Angeles) is an American musician best known as the lead singer of the rock band Green on Red (other members included Chuck Prophet, Chris Cacavas and Jack Waterson), and for his teaming with Steve Wynn as Danny & Dusty. Raised in Tucson, Arizona, Dan Stuart founded punk band The Serfers in 1979. The next year the band moved to LA, changed the name to Green On Red, and became associated with the paisley underground (along with Rain Parade and The Dream Syndicate). After releasing two EPs, the band recorded

that the Nation, Major League Baseball and the many fans of our national pastime can forgive me."" The incident was particularly embarrassing for Lewis, as three years earlier he publicly criticized singer Christina Aguilera for doing the same thing. Lewis is married to Vanessa Lewis and has three daughters, Zoe Jane, Nyla Rae and Indie Shay. Lewis also has two sisters, Evyette and Rachel, as well as a brother, Jesse. Regarding the commercial success of Staind's albums in the early 2000s, Lewis reflected ""A lot of other people made a shit load of money but we're the same as any

"Mike Mushok"
Mike Mushok Michael ""Mike"" Mushok (born April 10, 1969) is an American musician who is the lead guitarist for Saint Asonia. He is best known as the lead guitarist for the alternative metal band Staind. Mushok has also previously been a member of the band Newsted. Mike Mushok was born in Ludlow, Massachusetts on April 10, 1969. In 1995, Mushok joined Staind with Aaron Lewis, Johnny April, and Jon Wysocki in Springfield, Massachusetts. That same year, they self-released their debut album Tormented. Soon after that, the band received a concert slot through Aaron Lewis' cousin Justin Cantor with Limp Bizkit.

Staind
impressed that he signed them to Flip Records by February 1998. On April 13, 1999, Staind released its major label debut ""Dysfunction"" on Flip Records. The album, which was co-produced by Fred Durst and Terry Date (who also produced acts like Soundgarden, Deftones, and Pantera), received comparisons to alternative metal giants Tool and Korn. In particular, Aaron Lewis was lauded for his vocals, which were likened to those of Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder. The album achieved slow success, reaching the No. 1 spot on Billboard's Heatseeker Charts almost six months after its debut. In the same week, the album jumped

"Mr Dibs"
In recent years, Dibs's role has shifted to more of a frontman role at live shows, owing to Dave Brock's preference against taking centre stage, with him sharing lead vocals with Brock, as well as cello, bass, synthesizer and baritone bass. Since 2011 when Niall Hone took over on bass guitar, Dibs has become the constant live frontman. Since his induction to the band he has appeared on five studio albums, 2010's ""Blood of the Earth"", 2012's ""Onward"", 2016's ""The Machine Stops"", 2017's ""Into The Woods"" and 2018’s Road to Utopia as well as three live albums, 2007's ""Knights of

"Viking Age"
other countries was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland. Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas. In England, the beginning of the Viking Age is dated to 8 June 793, when Vikings destroyed the abbey on Lindisfarne, a

Viking raid is 789, when according to the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"", a group of men from Norway sailed to the Isle of Portland in Dorset (it was wrongly recorded as 787). They were mistaken for merchants by a royal official. When asked to come to the king's manor to pay a trading tax on their goods, they murdered the official. The beginning of the Viking Age in the British Isles is often set at 793. It was recorded in the ""Anglo–Saxon Chronicle"" that the Northmen raided the important island monastery of Lindisfarne (the generally accepted date is actually 8 June, not

attempted in 966, without success. In about 986, the Norwegian Vikings Bjarni Herjólfsson, Leif Ericson and Þórfinnr Karlsefni from Greenland reached North America, over 500 years before Christopher Columbus, and they attempted to settle the land they called Vinland. They created a small settlement on the northern peninsula of present-day Newfoundland, near L'Anse aux Meadows. Conflict with indigenous peoples and lack of support from Greenland brought the Vinland colony to an end within a few years. The archaeological remains are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The long-term linguistic effect of the Viking settlements in England was threefold: over a

Vikings
textile productions in Scandinavia, reaching as far back as the early Iron Ages. Artisans and craftsmen in the larger towns were supplied with antlers from organised hunting with large-scale reindeer traps in the far north. They were used as raw material for making everyday utensils like combs. In England the Viking Age began dramatically on 8 June 793 when Norsemen destroyed the abbey on the island of Lindisfarne. The devastation of Northumbria's Holy Island shocked and alerted the royal courts of Europe to the Viking presence. ""Never before has such an atrocity been seen,"" declared the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin of

"Norse activity in the British Isles"
787, when three ships from Hordaland (in modern Norway) landed in the Isle of Portland on the southern coast of Wessex. They were approached by the royal reeve from Dorchester, whose job it was to identify all foreign merchants entering the kingdom, and they proceeded to kill him. It is likely that other raids (the records for which have since been lost) occurred soon after, for in 792 King Offa of Mercia began to make arrangements for the defence of Kent from raids perpetrated by ""pagan peoples"". The next recorded attack against the Anglo-Saxons came the following year, in 793,

each other, unlike the situation in lowland Denmark. By 800, some 30 small kingdoms existed in Norway. The sea was the easiest way of communication between the Norwegian kingdoms and the outside world. In the eighth century, Scandinavians began to build ships of war and send them on raiding expeditions which started the Viking Age. The North Sea rovers were traders, colonisers, explorers, and plunderers. Many theories are posited for the cause of the Viking invasions; the will to explore likely played a major role. At the time, England, Wales, and Ireland were vulnerable to attack, being divided into many

Vikings
Scandinavian peoples generally known in English as Vikings. It is used in distinction from Anglo-Saxon. Similar terms exist for other areas, such as Hiberno-Norse for Ireland and Scotland. The period from the earliest recorded raids in the 790s until the Norman conquest of England in 1066 is commonly known as the Viking Age of Scandinavian history. Vikings used the Norwegian Sea and Baltic Sea for sea routes to the south. The Normans were descended from Vikings who were given feudal overlordship of areas in northern France—the Duchy of Normandy—in the 10th century. In that respect, descendants of the Vikings continued

from the Norse between the 13th and the 15th centuries; the Western Isles and the Isle of Man remained under Scandinavian authority until 1266. Orkney and Shetland belonged to the king of Norway as late as 1469. According to the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicles"", Viking raiders struck England in 793 and raided Lindisfarne, the monastery that held Saint Cuthbert's relics. The raiders killed the monks and captured the valuables. The raid marks the beginning of the ""Viking Age of Invasion"", made possible by the Viking longship. Great but sporadic violence occurred from the last decade of the eighth century on England's northern

gold, bronze and spices. These trade links also extended westward into Ireland and the British Isles. In the last decade of the 8th century, Norse raiders sacked a series of Christian monasteries located in what is now the United Kingdom, beginning in 793, with a raid on the coastal monastery of Lindisfarne on the east coast of England. The following year they sacked the nearby Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey, and in 795 they attacked again, raiding Iona Abbey on Scotland's west coast. During the Early Medieval period, Ireland and Britain were culturally, linguistically and religiously divided into various peoples. The languages of

"History of the North Sea"
attack on Lindisfarne in 793 is generally considered the beginning of the Viking Age. For the next 250 years the Scandinavian raiders of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark dominated the North Sea, raiding monasteries, homes, and towns along the coast and along the rivers that ran inland. According to the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" they began to settle in Britain in 851. They continued to settle in the British Isles and the continent until around 1050. Alfred the Great, who is counted as the first English king, was the first to mount significant opposition to the Vikings. Eventually he relegated them to the

"Nathan West (General Hospital)"
disdain for his career choice because she thinks it is ""below them."" Nathan partners up with Silas and his girlfriend Sam Morgan (Kelly Monaco) to set a trap for Ava believing she is guilty. However, the sting operation doesn't go as planned when Madeline is revealed to be the culprit—and Nathan is forced to arrest her. Madeline's arrest sets the stage for several more revelations starting with Nathan being revealed to be the biological son of Madeline's estranged sister, Liesl Obrecht (Kathleen Gati) and therefore the half-brother of Obrecht's daughter Britt Westbourne (Kelly Thiebaud). Nathan is ""dumbfounded"" by the shift

in town investigating his estranged brother-in-law Silas Clay (Michael Easton) in the attempted murder of his comatose sister Nina. However, Silas's former mistress Ava Jerome (Maura West) is also at the top of the suspect list. In 2014, legendary actress Donna Mills, known for her portrayal of Abby Cunningham on the prime time soap, ""Knots Landing"" was cast in the role of Madeline Reeves—Nathan's mother. It is revealed that Madeline raised Nathan to believe Silas was guilty and he is working on her behalf to lock Silas up for Nina's condition. Despite acting to avenge his sister, Nathan tolerates Madeline's

his father is ever revealed"" and proposed yet another potential candidate as Nathan's father. Based on Obrecht going to such extreme lengths to keep Nathan from questioning his paternity, Smith speculated that Nathan's father could actually be the never before seen Valentin Cassadine—a character that was slated to be introduced in 2009, but the story was terminated before it hit airwaves. Even the notoriously evil Helena Cassadine (Constance Towers) who had wreaked havoc on Port Charles for years was visibly terrified of Valentin when the character was first mentioned in 2009 as he was supposed to be more much more

"Ryan Paevey"
and outdoor gear. He has a motorcycle that he named ""Lilith."" In July 2015, Paevey was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with a shattered wrist. Ryan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and

them a chance, Paevey said ""nothing really surprises him anymore"" when it comes to his family. Nathan's expectations are not too high because ""he already knows that everybody in his family is a mess."" In 2014, Paevey said ""Nathan is intrinsically distrustful of the concept of his family."" Despite the recent revelations about Nathan's other familial connections, in May 2014 Paevey himself wondered if Nathan's paternity would be addressed. With the reveal that Obrecht is his mother, ""On-Air On-Soaps"" immediately speculated that Cesar Faison (Anders Hove) who had recently been revealed as his sister Britt's father could be Nathan's father

"Amy Grabow"
Amy Grabow Amy Grabow (born December 18, 1979) is an American actress. Amy Grabow grew up in Huntington Beach, California. She decided, while still in high school, to pursue an acting career. She studied at the Academy for the Performing Arts in Huntington Beach and currently attends acting classes. Her television credits include: ""Charmed"", ""Mad TV"", ""Monk"" and """". She was also a series regular in ""Cloud Nine"" and ""Space Orphans"", and has appeared in several television commercials. She played Dr. Rachel Adair on the soap opera ""General Hospital"" from February 2005 until her final appearance on August 5, 2005

"Mother's Day (2010 film)"
a maternity ward and, with help from an accomplice, steals a newborn baby, Terry (J. Larose), one of the guards catches them in the act but ends up being stabbed to death. Beth Sohapi (Jaime King) is having a birthday party for her husband, Daniel Sohapi (Frank Grillo) with the help of their friends, married couple Treshawn (Lyriq Bent) and Gina Jackson (Kandyse McClure); Dave Lowe (Tony Nappo) and his fiancee, Annette Langston (Briana Evigan); George Barnum (Shawn Ashmore) and his girlfriend, Melissa McGuire (Jessie Rusu); and Daniel's co worker, and friend, Julie Ross (Lisa Marcos). The news reports a

"Kim Raver"
married to director and writer Manuel Boyer since 2000. They have two sons, Luke West (b. 2002) and Leo Kipling (b. October 9, 2007). Kim Raver Kimberly Jayne ""Kim"" Raver (born March 15, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for television roles as Kim Zambrano on ""Third Watch"", Audrey Raines on ""24"" and Teddy Altman on ABC's medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". Raver was born and raised in New York City by her mother, Tina Raver, and her stepfather, Chris Meltesen. She has a sister, Cybele Raver, as well as three half sisters, Nadja Raver, Grace Raver, Aimée

"Nathan Hastings"
Dru's estranged sister, Dr. Olivia Barber (Tonya Lee Williams). Dru's attempts to seduce Nathan away from Olivia prove to be unsuccessful, and she later turns her attention to her future husband, Neil Winters (Kristoff St. John). Nathan and Olivia are married in 1991, and they have a son, Nathan Hastings, Jr. (nicknamed ""Nate"") in 1992. The birth poses a great risk to Olivia's health when she develops ovarian cancer. Following the birth, she has a hysterectomy. Nathan and Olivia experience serious marital problems when Olivia becomes infatuated with Neil. Later, Olivia's parents Walter and Lillie Belle Barber separate, and Lillie

"Odette Annable"
Odette Annable Odette Juliette Annable (""née"" Yustman; born May 10, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for various roles in film and television, including her starring role as Dr. Jessica Adams in the Fox medical drama series ""House"", Beth McIntyre in the monster film ""Cloverfield"", Aubrey Diaz in the ABC drama series ""October Road"", and Samantha Arias/Reign in ""Supergirl"". Annable was born in Los Angeles, California to a Colombian father and Cuban mother. She graduated from Woodcrest Christian High School in Riverside, California. Annable played a Spanish-speaking student in ""Kindergarten Cop"" at age 5. Later she appeared in

"States Rights Gist"
resigned from the militia and became a full–time advisor to the governor. In October 1860, the governor sent his cousin to six other governors of Southern states to seek support for secession due to the likely election of Abraham Lincoln as the next President of the United States. In January, 1861, after South Carolina had seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860, the new governor of South Carolina, Francis Pickens, appointed Gist as state adjutant and inspector general. While in this role Gist acquired weapons and mobilized military manpower throughout the state. Also in this capacity, he briefly oversaw

"States' rights"
economy that viewed foreign trade as competition. Trade barriers, especially protective tariffs, were viewed as harmful to the Southern economy, which depended on exports. In 1828, the Congress passed protective tariffs to benefit trade in the northern states, but that were detrimental to the South. Southerners vocally expressed their tariff opposition in documents such as the ""South Carolina Exposition and Protest"" in 1828, written in response to the ""Tariff of Abominations"". ""Exposition and Protest"" was the work of South Carolina senator and former vice president John C. Calhoun, formerly an advocate of protective tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense.

to the First Battle of Manassas. Bee was killed during the battle soon after giving Stonewall Jackson his famous nickname. General Beauregard assigned Gist to lead the 4th Alabama Regiment after Bee and the regiment's Colonel Jones were killed in the battle. Gist himself was slightly wounded. After the Battle of First Manassas, Gist returned to Columbia to prepare state forces to defend Port Royal in the fall of 1861 and for entry into the Confederate Army in winter 1862. On March 20, 1862, through the influence of Confederate Senator James Chesnut of South Carolina, Gist was appointed a brigadier

"Union (American Civil War)"
candidates emphasized these fears. The candidates added that rapid modernization was putting too much political power in the hands of Eastern financiers and industrialists. They warned that the abolition of slavery would bring a flood of freed blacks into the labor market of the North. Republicans responded with claims of defeatism. They indicted Copperheads for criminal conspiracies to free Confederate prisoners of war, and played on the spirit of nationalism and the growing hatred of the slaveowners, as the guilty party in the war. Historians have overwhelmingly praised the ""political genius"" of Abraham Lincoln's performance as President. His first priority

events. In May 1863, Gist and Brig. Gen. W.H.T. Walker led two brigades of South Carolina troops to reinforce Confederate forces under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in Mississippi that were trying to relieve Confederate forces under attack at Vicksburg by the Union Army under the command of then Major General Ulysses S. Grant. After arriving in Mississippi, Walker was promoted to major general and Gist's brigade was placed in Walker's division. They participated in the Vicksburg Campaign and the Battle of Jackson, Mississippi. Johnston's efforts in the Vicksburg Campaign were unsuccessful and the fortress city fell to the Union Army

"American Civil War"
rights"" was an ideology formulated and applied as a means of advancing slave state interests through federal authority. As historian Thomas L. Krannawitter points out, the ""Southern demand for federal slave protection represented a demand for an unprecedented expansion of federal power."" These four doctrines comprised the dominant ideologies presented to the American public on the matters of slavery, the territories and the U.S. Constitution before the 1860 presidential election. The South argued that each state had the right to secede—leave the Union—at any time, that the Constitution was a ""compact"" or agreement among the states. Northerners (including President Buchanan)

"Issues of the American Civil War"
""The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States."" The South's chosen leader, Jefferson Davis, defined equality in terms of the equal rights of states, and opposed the declaration that all men are created equal. The Constitution does include states' rights elements in that each state has the same number of Senators, and certain rights are reserved to the states or to the people. Southerners such as Davis interpreted these rights as

as he focused on war issues but he worked smoothly with powerful Congressional leaders such as Thaddeus Stevens (on taxation and spending), Charles Sumner (on foreign affairs), Lyman Trumbull (on legal issues), Justin Smith Morrill (on land grants and tariffs) and William Pitt Fessenden (on finances). Military and reconstruction issues were another matter. Lincoln, as the leader of the moderate and conservative factions of the Republican Party, often crossed swords with the Radical Republicans, led by Stevens and Sumner. Author, Bruce Tap, shows that Congress challenged Lincoln's role as commander-in-chief through the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.

were either Southern or pro-South. The North's growing population would mean the election of pro-North presidents, and the addition of free-soil states would end Southern parity with the North in the Senate. As the historian Allan Nevins described the Southern politician John C. Calhoun's theory of states' rights, ""Governments, observed Calhoun, were formed to protect minorities, for majorities could take care of themselves"". Jefferson Davis stated that a ""disparaging discrimination"" and a fight for ""liberty"" against ""the tyranny of an unbridled majority"" gave the Confederate states a right to secede. In 1860, Congressman Laurence M. Keitt of South Carolina said,

"Civil rights movement (1896–1954)"
to support education. Reconstruction ended following the Compromise of 1877 between Northern and Southern white elites. In exchange for deciding the contentious Presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, supported by Northern states, over his opponent, Samuel J. Tilden, the compromise called for the withdrawal of Northern troops from the South. This followed violence and fraud in southern elections from 1868 to 1876, which had reduced black voter turnout and enabled Southern white Democrats to regain power in state legislatures across the South. The compromise and withdrawal of Federal troops meant that white Democrats had more freedom to impose

"Marin Ireland"
Marin Ireland Marin Yvonne Ireland (born August 30, 1979) is an American stage, film, and television actress. In 2009, she won the Theatre World Award and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for ""reasons to be pretty"". Since 2017 she stars on the Amazon Studios original series ""Sneaky Pete"". Ireland was born and raised in Camarillo, California. She studied at the Idyllwild Arts Foundation in Idyllwild-Pine Cove, California as a child, and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from The Hartt School, the performing-arts conservatory at the University of Hartford in West

"Sneaky Pete"
Sneaky Pete Sneaky Pete is an American crime drama series created by David Shore and Bryan Cranston. The series follows Marius Josipović (Giovanni Ribisi), a released convict who adopts the identity of his cell mate, Pete Murphy, in order to avoid his past life. The series also stars Marin Ireland, Shane McRae, Libe Barer, Michael Drayer, Peter Gerety, and Margo Martindale. The pilot debuted on August 7, 2015, and was followed by a full series order that September. Shore left the project in early 2016 and was replaced by Graham Yost, who served as executive producer and showrunner for the

"Giovanni Ribisi"
. His twin sister, Marissa, is also a Scientologist. She is married to musician Beck, another Scientologist. Giovanni Ribisi Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (; born December 17, 1974) is an American film and television actor known for his roles in the TV series ""Sneaky Pete"", and the films ""Avatar"", ""A Million Ways to Die in the West"" and ""Ted"". He also had recurring roles in ""My Name Is Earl"" and ""Friends"". His father, Albert Anthony Ribisi, is an Italian-American musician who had been the keyboard player in People!, and his mother, Gay (née Landrum), is a manager of actors and writers.

received acclaim from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 100% 'Certified Fresh' rating based on 22 critic reviews, with the critical consensus ""Suspenseful, smart, and terrifically cast, Sneaky Pete is part dramedy, part crime caper, and all in all entertaining."" Metacritic gave the first season a 78 out of 100 score based on 21 critic reviews, indicating 'generally favorable reviews'. Sneaky Pete Sneaky Pete is an American crime drama series created by David Shore and Bryan Cranston. The series follows Marius Josipović (Giovanni Ribisi), a released convict who adopts the identity of his cell mate, Pete Murphy, in

"Jacob Pitts"
and is currently starring as Lance Lord in the crime drama series ""Sneaky Pete"". Pitts grew up in Weston, Connecticut, the son of Arlene and Joseph Rives Pitts. He described himself as a hyperactive child. In high school, he was involved in the theater production company, and took part in productions while he was in school, including a performance as the Mysterious Man in ""Into The Woods"". Pitts began his career when he made his TV debut in 1999, and he appeared in an episode of Comedy Central's sitcom ""Strangers with Candy"". He then went on to the New York

"Sneaky Pete Kleinow"
he took up the pedal steel guitar in high school. Following graduation, he was employed for over a decade as a maintenance worker at the Michigan Department of Transportation. In 1963, he relocated to Los Angeles, where he began a career as a visual effects artist and stop motion animator in the film and television industry. After uncredited work on ""The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm"" (1962), ""The Outer Limits"" (1963–1965), and ""7 Faces of Dr. Lao"" (1964), Kleinow became closely associated with the long-running children's series ""Gumby"" and ""Davey and Goliath"" while moonlighting in the city's country-oriented nightclubs

Giovanni Ribisi Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (; born December 17, 1974) is an American film and television actor known for his roles in the TV series ""Sneaky Pete"", and the films ""Avatar"", ""A Million Ways to Die in the West"" and ""Ted"". He also had recurring roles in ""My Name Is Earl"" and ""Friends"". His father, Albert Anthony Ribisi, is an Italian-American musician who had been the keyboard player in People!, and his mother, Gay (née Landrum), is a manager of actors and writers. He is the twin brother of actress Marissa Ribisi and the brother of voice actress Gina Ribisi.

"Bill Oberst Jr."
Bill Oberst Jr. William Oberst Jr. (born November 21, 1965) is an American stage, film and television actor of German descent. Known for his work in horror and cult films, his career includes projects in film, television and one-man-show theater performances. He first received recognition for his portrayals of icon and humorist Lewis Grizzard as performed in theatrical tours across the Southern United States. His role as the creepy 'Facebook Stalker' in the online interactive video film ""Take This Lollipop"", which uses the Facebook Connect application to bring viewers themselves into the film through use of their own pictures and

"Pete Holmes"
Romano as his biggest influences that got him into comedy. Holmes married Valerie Chaney, whom he refers to as “Sweet Lady Val”, in late 2017. Their daughter was born in September 2018. Pete Holmes Peter Benedict Holmes (born March 30, 1979) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and podcaster. Holmes was born in Lexington, Massachusetts. He attended Lexington High School and Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts. In college, he majored in English and Communications, and he participated in an improvisational comedy troupe, The Sweaty-Toothed Madmen. Holmes got married at 22, the same age at which he began performing stand-up

Pete Holmes Peter Benedict Holmes (born March 30, 1979) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and podcaster. Holmes was born in Lexington, Massachusetts. He attended Lexington High School and Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts. In college, he majored in English and Communications, and he participated in an improvisational comedy troupe, The Sweaty-Toothed Madmen. Holmes got married at 22, the same age at which he began performing stand-up comedy, and he divorced at 28, after his then wife had an affair. Finding little success, he lived in Sleepy Hollow, New York and Chicago before moving to Los Angeles. Holmes has

"Bobby's Girl (song)"
Bobby's Girl (song) ""Bobby's Girl"" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane. It was first released in 1962 in America. It has a spoken introduction and a backing refrain of """"You're not a kid anymore"""" and was popular with the American teenage audience. It entered the charts in October and made the Top 10 within a month reaching 3 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 by December, where it stayed for four weeks only to be kept from the top of the charts by The Four Seasons' ""Big

45 in West Germany. Bobby's Girl (song) ""Bobby's Girl"" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane. It was first released in 1962 in America. It has a spoken introduction and a backing refrain of """"You're not a kid anymore"""" and was popular with the American teenage audience. It entered the charts in October and made the Top 10 within a month reaching 3 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 by December, where it stayed for four weeks only to be kept from the top of the charts by

"Marcie Blane"
Marcie Blane Marcia Blank better known as Marcie Blane, is an American pop singer. Blane was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a favor to a friend, Marcie recorded a demo for Seville Records. The song was ""Bobby's Girl"". Released in the fall of 1962, ""Bobby's Girl"" made #2 on the ""Cash Box"" chart and #3 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and was later recorded for the German market in their language. It sold over one million copies by 1963, and was awarded a gold disc. In the United Kingdom the song was covered by Susan Maughan who had the

"Susan Maughan"
Susan Maughan Susan Maughan (born Marian Maughan, 1 July 1938,) is an English singer who released successful singles in the 1960s. Her most famous and successful song, ""Bobby's Girl"" (a cover of the Marcie Blane single), reached number three in the UK Singles Chart at Christmas time in 1962. It also reached number six in the Norwegian chart in that year. Maughan was born in Consett, County Durham. The sleeve notes on her 1963 album, written by John Franz, stated that ""Susan's family moved to Birmingham (in 1953) when Susan was 15. She started work there as a shorthand typist,

hit. ""What Does A Girl Do?"", the follow-up single, rose to #82 on the Hot 100 list in early 1963, and was Blane's only other appearance on any Billboard chart. ""Bobby's Girl: The Complete Seville Recordings"" (2004, President Records) Marcie Blane Marcia Blank better known as Marcie Blane, is an American pop singer. Blane was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a favor to a friend, Marcie recorded a demo for Seville Records. The song was ""Bobby's Girl"". Released in the fall of 1962, ""Bobby's Girl"" made #2 on the ""Cash Box"" chart and #3 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100,

"Bobby's Girl (album)"
Bobby's Girl (album) Bobby's Girl is an album by Aileen Quinn. It was released on cassette and LP in November 1982 by Columbia Records (ARC-38378). Aileen Quinn is best known for her portrayal of the title character in the movie musical ""Annie"". The titular song of the album is a cover of the Marcie Blane song, ""Bobby's Girl"", also covered with success in the United Kingdom by Susan Maughan. Backing tracks for Aileen's album were recorded at Lion Share Studios in Hollywood in August 1982. Aileen overdubbed her vocals in famed MediaSound Studios in New York City in September 1982.

"Bobby Jean"
by Portastatic on their 2003 ""Autumn Was a Lark"" album. Bobby Jean ""Bobby Jean"" is a song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1984 album ""Born in the U.S.A."" Although not released as a single, it reached number 36 on the ""Billboard"" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. ""Bobby Jean"" was one of the last songs from the album to be recorded, and was considered a musical breakthrough for Springsteen during the recording, with its more accented rhythm and near dance groove. The title character's name is somewhat gender ambiguous, allowing for various interpretations. Nonetheless, ""Bobby Jean"" is often considered

Bobby Jean ""Bobby Jean"" is a song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1984 album ""Born in the U.S.A."" Although not released as a single, it reached number 36 on the ""Billboard"" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. ""Bobby Jean"" was one of the last songs from the album to be recorded, and was considered a musical breakthrough for Springsteen during the recording, with its more accented rhythm and near dance groove. The title character's name is somewhat gender ambiguous, allowing for various interpretations. Nonetheless, ""Bobby Jean"" is often considered to have been written about his long-time friendship with Steve

"April March"
April March April March (born Elinor Blake on April 20, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter who sings in English and French. She is widely known for the song ""Chick Habit"", which was featured in the films ""But I'm a Cheerleader"" and Quentin Tarantino's ""Death Proof"". She is also a cartoon animator, including a stint as a principal animator for the ""Ren and Stimpy"" show. She went to Parsons The New School for Design and California Institute Of The Arts for Character Animation. In junior high, Blake participated in an exchange program in France. She graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover,

to help Watson with her singing lessons. According to ""The Hollywood Reporter"", Emma Watson was reportedly paid $3 million upfront, together with an agreement that her final take-home pay could rise as high as $15 million if the film generated gross box office income similar to ""Maleficent""'s $759 million worldwide gross. Principal photography on the film began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, on May 18, 2015. Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21. Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production. The Beast was portrayed with a ""more traditional motion capture

McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. ""Beauty and the Beast"" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the

"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"
Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. ""Beauty and the Beast"" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film

"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)"
into the water then resurfaces, transforming back into the Prince and the Tadums back into dogs. The story is being told by Belle to her two young children. They are living in the same countryside house, surrounded by rose bushes, with Belle's father, who is now a flower merchant. Belle goes outside to greet her husband, the Prince, and the two kiss and embrace. Principal photography took place in Germany, at the Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam-Babelsberg, from November 2012 to February 2013, on a production budget of €35 million. The film earned a total of internationally. In Japan, the film

on July 7, 2016. On November 2, 2016, ""Entertainment Weekly"" debuted the first official image on the cover of their magazine, along with nine new photos. One week later, Emma Watson and Disney debuted a new poster. On November 14, 2016, the first theatrical trailer was released, again on ""Good Morning America"". This reached 127.6 million views in its first 24 hours, setting a new record for the most views in one day, beating ""Fifty Shades Darker""; this record has since been broken by ""The Fate of the Furious"". A TV spot with Watson singing was shown during the 74th

"The Beautician and the Beast"
attached as the screenwriter. Kwapis recruited dialect coach Francie Brown to construct the fictional language Slovetzian, which has influences from Czech, Russian, and Hungarian. The film was shot in the Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, California, and Sychrov Castle in the Czech Republic. Peter Lyons Collister handled the cinematography, while Jon Poll did the editing. ""The Beautician and the Beast"" was completed on a budget of $16 million; the film's final cut ran for a total of 107 minutes. American composer Cliff Eidelman handled the soundtrack for ""The Beautician and the Beast"", which was recorded at the CTS Studios in

New York and Los Angeles for a one-week engagement starting December 1, 2017. The move was an awards push as awards season heats up. Disney spent around $140 million to market the film worldwide. Following an announcement on May 22, 2016, Disney premiered the first official teaser trailer on ""Good Morning America"" the next day. In its first 24 hours, the teaser trailer reached 91.8 million views, which was the largest number ever seen for a trailer in that amount of time. This record has since been broken by """", ""It"" and """". The first official teaser poster was released

in 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of ""Beauty and the Beast"" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in

Beast"" was split between New York City, NY and Toronto from the second season. On May 8, 2014, ""Beauty & the Beast"" was renewed for a third season. Filming on season three commenced on August 29, 2014, and ended on February 12, 2015. On February 13, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season, before the third season began airing. On October 13, 2015, it was announced that the upcoming fourth season would be its last. Filming of the fourth and final season began on May 29, 2015 and ended on November 17, 2015. The final season premiered

"The White Princess (TV series)"
Cathedral, and Wells. Jamie Payne, who directed three episodes of ""The White Queen"", directed episodes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8. Frost is showrunner and executive producer. Lachlan MacKinnon is serving as producer, with Gregory as executive producer. Playground's Colin Callender and Scott Huff are serving as executive producers with Company Pictures' Michele Buck. In early January 2017, the producers released a video clip from the series as a teaser trailer. In February 2017, Starz announced that ""The White Princess"" would premiere on 16 April 2017. In the UK the series began its satellite and terrestrial broadcasts on the Drama

The White Princess (TV series) The White Princess is a 2017 British-American historical fiction television series for Starz, based on Philippa Gregory's 2013 novel of the same name and, to a lesser extent, its sequel ""The King's Curse"". It is a sequel to ""The White Queen"", a 2013 BBC-produced miniseries adapting three of Gregory's previous novels. In the eight episode series, the marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York effectively ends the Wars of the Roses by uniting the houses of Lancaster and York. However, their mutual enmity and distrust—as well as the political plots of their mothers—threaten to

"The White Princess"
Production on the eight episode limited series began in June 2016. Richard III has been killed in the Battle of Bosworth, and his devastated niece and lover Elizabeth of York must marry Richard's conqueror Henry Tudor, the new king of England, to finally end the longrunning Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York. As queen, Elizabeth can assure the safety of her mother, the Queen Dowager Elizabeth, and the rest of her family. However, she believes that Henry—who openly despises her for her former alliance with his fallen enemy—may be responsible for the presumed murder of

"The White Queen (TV series)"
the project was underway in August 2015. On 7 February 2016, Gregory announced on Facebook that the sequel was officially confirmed to be in production, with the scripts being written. Production on the eight episode limited series began in June 2016. It aired weekly on Starz from 6 April to 4 June 2017. On 15 March 2018, Starz announced that it would create a continuation of ""The White Queen"" and ""The White Princess"" to be titled ""The Spanish Princess"", which would be based on Gregory's novels ""The Constant Princess"" and ""The King's Curse"" and center on Catherine of Aragon. The

to develop a sequel miniseries called ""The White Princess"", based on Gregory's novel. Starz CEO Chris Albrecht announced in January 2014 that the network was working with ""White Queen"" screenwriter Emma Frost on the project. Starz would produce the ""White Princess"" miniseries without involvement from the BBC. Gregory confirmed that the project was underway in August 2015. On 7 February 2016, Gregory announced on Facebook that the sequel was officially confirmed to be in production, with the scripts being written. The series was confirmed to be eight episodes in May 2016. Jodie Comer was cast in the title role of

channel on 18 November 2017. On 15 March 2018, Starz announced that it will create a continuation of ""The White Queen"" and ""The White Princess"" to be titled ""The Spanish Princess"", which will be based on Gregory's novels ""The Constant Princess"" and ""The King's Curse"" and center on Catherine of Aragon. The White Princess (TV series) The White Princess is a 2017 British-American historical fiction television series for Starz, based on Philippa Gregory's 2013 novel of the same name and, to a lesser extent, its sequel ""The King's Curse"". It is a sequel to ""The White Queen"", a 2013 BBC-produced

The White Queen (TV series) The White Queen is a British television drama series in ten parts, based on Philippa Gregory's historical novel series ""The Cousins' War"" (""The White Queen"", ""The Red Queen"", and ""The Kingmaker's Daughter""). The first episode was premiered on BBC One on 16 June 2013 in the United Kingdom. It was first broadcast in the United States on Starz on 9 August 2013. The series is set against the backdrop of the Wars of the Roses and presents the story of the women involved in the long conflict for the throne of England. It starts in

tear both the marriage and the kingdom apart. The 10-part 2013 television series ""The White Queen"" adapted Gregory's previous novels ""The White Queen"" (2009), ""The Red Queen"" (2010) and ""The Kingmaker's Daughter"" (2012). The series was broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom and on Starz in the United States, and features Freya Mavor as a young Elizabeth of York. Despite initial plans for a second series, on 20 August 2013 the BBC announced they were not commissioning one, possibly due to the lukewarm reception the series received. However, in October 2013, ""The Telegraph"" reported that Starz was planning

August 2015. On 7 February 2016, Gregory announced on Facebook that the sequel was officially confirmed to be in production, with the scripts being written. On 15 March 2018, Starz announced that it would create a continuation of ""The White Queen"" and ""The White Princess"" to be titled ""The Spanish Princess"", which would be based on Gregory's novels ""The Constant Princess"" and ""The King's Curse"" and center on Catherine of Aragon. ""The White Queen"" was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards and a People's Choice Award. The large majority of the cast is British, but since

Elizabeth of York in April 2016, with Michelle Fairley added as Margaret Beaufort in May. In June 2016, Starz announced the casting of Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth, Jacob Collins-Levy as Henry VII, Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, Rebecca Benson as Margaret Plantagenet, and Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. The remaining cast includes Caroline Goodall as Duchess Cecily, Kenneth Cranham as Bishop Morton, Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor. and Rhys Connah as Teddy Plantagenet. Production on ""The White Princess"" began in June 2016, with locations including Bradford on Avon, Bristol, Berkeley Castle, Gloucester Cathedral, Lacock, Salisbury

"Middle cranial fossa"
wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures. It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland. A middle fossa craniotomy is one means to surgically remove acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannoma) growing within the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward

"Posterior cranial fossa"
enters the junction of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Also an inferior petrosal sinus enters the sigmoid sinus near the jugular foramen. The posterior cranial fossa is formed in the endocranium, and holds the most basal parts of the brain. An underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa can cause Arnold-Chiari Malformation. These can be either acquired or congenital disorders. Posterior cranial fossa The posterior cranial fossa is part of the cranial cavity, located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli. It contains the brainstem and cerebellum. This is the most inferior of the fossae. It houses the cerebellum, medulla and pons. Anteriorly

Posterior cranial fossa The posterior cranial fossa is part of the cranial cavity, located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli. It contains the brainstem and cerebellum. This is the most inferior of the fossae. It houses the cerebellum, medulla and pons. Anteriorly it extends to the apex of the petrous temporal. Posteriorly it is enclosed by the occipital bone. Laterally portions of the squamous temporal and mastoid part of the temporal bone form its walls. The most conspicuous, large opening in the floor of the fossa. It transmits the medulla, the ascending portions of the spinal accessory nerve (XI),

like the italic letter ""f"". It begins behind at the foramen lacerum, and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, where it is sometimes converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process; posteriorly, it is bounded laterally by the lingula. This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth, and support the temporal lobes of the brain. They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions

"Anterior cranial fossa"
upper margin of the optic foramen. The anterior cranial fossa contains the following parts of the brain: There are several openings connecting the anterior cranial fossa with other parts of the skull, and these are the following: The paired anterior ethmoidal foramen connects the anterior cranial fossa with each orbit and transmits the anterior ethmoidal artery, nerve and vein. The cribriform foramina are the openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, which connect the anterior cranial fossa with the nasal cavity and transmit the olfactory nerves. Anterior cranial fossa The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the

aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The nerve of the pterygoid canal and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery pierce the layer of fibrocartilage. On the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone are seen the eminence caused by the projection of the superior semicircular canal; in front of and a little lateral to this a depression corresponding to the roof of the tympanic cavity; the groove leading to the hiatus of the facial

the sphenoid; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It transmits to the orbital cavity the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal, and the abducent nerves, some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery; and from the orbital cavity a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater, and the ophthalmic veins. Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve. Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum

Anterior cranial fossa The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain. It is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae. It is traversed by the frontoethmoidal, sphenoethmoidal, and sphenofrontal

Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellæ; laterally by the temporal squamæ, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater

canal, for the transmission of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery; beneath it, the smaller groove, for the passage of the lesser superficial petrosal nerve; and, near the apex of the bone, the depression for the semilunar ganglion and the orifice of the carotid canal. Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior

Earth-2 in the season, in addition to several other versions of Wells in smaller roles: Herr Wells of Earth-12, Wells 2.0 of Earth-22, H. Lothario Wells of Earth-47, Wells the Grey of Earth-13, Sonny Wells of Earth-24 and H.P. Wells of Earth-25. Also returning from earlier in the series is Jessica Camacho as Gypsy. It was revealed that Tom Felton, who joined the cast as Julian Albert in the third season, would not be a series regular in the fourth season, and that there were no plans for him to appear. Julian's absence will be addressed ""pretty quickly — there's

in the season premiere. In July 2017, Neil Sandilands was announced to be cast as Clifford DeVoe, a metahuman genius who embarks on a seasonlong battle with the Flash in order to fix all that he deems wrong with humanity; while Kim Engelbrecht was announced as The Mechanic, DeVoe's right hand and a highly intelligent engineer who designs devices for him; and Danny Trejo as Breacher, a bounty hunter from Earth-19 and the father of Gypsy. Also in June, the series was looking to cast a role that ""should put the visual effects department to the test"", with the role

from all shows he worked on. In addition, Berlanti would take additional responsibilities working with Helbing to co-showrun the season. In March 2017, Kreisberg confirmed that the main villain for the fourth season would not be a speedster, like the previous three seasons. Executive producers Aaron and Todd Helbing also mentioned that there would be less time travel in the season, with Aaron saying, ""We like playing with the timelines and the different time periods and future and past. For now, I think we're going to focus on the present."" In June 2017, Clifford DeVoe / Thinker was reported to

major growth for Iris this season, and noted that ""the season premiere is all about Iris and Cisco, not Barry"". In July 2017, Sterling Gates, DC Comics comic book writer, joined as a member of the fourth season's writing staff. At the Television Critics Association press tour in August 2017, Pedowitz stated that the fourth season of ""The Flash"" is ""going to try to find the lightness... of the Barry Allen of the first two seasons,"" and said that the show was likely ""done with Speedster villains"". Later in the month, Kreisberg confirmed the return of Harry Wells from Earth-2,

Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017, and filming began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, and are joined by Neil Sandilands. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fourth season on January 8, 2017, earlier than usual for the series. Executive producer Andrew Kreisberg said on this, ""The great thing about our dear friends at The CW and Mark Pedowitz picking the shows up as early as

charge, and so they wind up going... to work through it."" He added, ""The two of them with the therapist is some of the funniest stuff we have ever done on this show, but it also leads to a deepening of their relationship."" Main cast members Grant Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin return from previous seasons as Barry Allen / The Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow / Killer Frost, Cisco Ramon / Vibe, Wally West / Kid Flash, Harrison Wells, and Joe West, respectively. Cavanagh primarily portrayed Harry Wells from

make Cisco create a weapon for her, as he did for Golden Glider, Captain Cold, and Heatwave. When he does not cooperate, she shoots him. Cisco survives being shot, realizing that the orange soda he spilt on his shirt was the missing catalyst to his bulletproof formula. Cisco tries to bring Peek-a-Boo back to the pipeline, but she locks him in the cell instead. Cisco is then seen being woken up due to a call from Barry. He believes he dreamt the whole experience, until he finds the bullet that shot him on the ground. On November 14, 2017, a

Dakar
Dakar Dakar (; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million. The area around Dakar was settled in the 15th century. The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France took over the island in 1677. Following

Dakar
Dakar-Plateau (34,626 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée, is the historical heart of the city, and most ministries and public administrations are located there. The densest and most populous ""commune d'arrondissement"" is Médina (136,697 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée. The ""commune d'arrondissement"" of Yoff (55,995 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Almadies, is the largest one, while the smallest one is the ""commune d'arrondissement"" of Île de Gorée (1,034 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée. Dakar is one of the 14 ""régions of Senegal"". The Dakar ""région"" encompasses the city of Dakar and all its suburbs along the Cape Verde

Dakar
hot as that of African cities inland, such as Niamey and N'Djamena, where temperatures hover above for much of the year. Dakar is cooled year-round by sea breezes. The city of Dakar is a commune (also sometimes known as ""commune de ville""), one of the some 125 communes of Senegal. The commune of Dakar was created by the French colonial administration on June 17, 1887 by detaching it from the commune of Gorée. The commune of Gorée, created in 1872, was itself one of the oldest Western-style municipalities in Africa (along with the municipalities of Algeria and South Africa). The

Dakar
the abolition of the slave trade and French annexation of the mainland area in the 19th century, Dakar grew into a major regional port and a major city of the French colonial empire. In 1902, Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa. From 1959 to 1960, Dakar was the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation. In 1960, it became the capital of the independent Republic of Senegal. Dakar is home to multiple national and regional banks as well as numerous international organizations. From 1978 to 2007, it was also the traditional finishing point of the Dakar Rally.

"Dakar Region"
Dakar Region Dakar Region is the smallest and most populated Région of Senegal, encompassing the capital city of the country, Dakar, and all its suburbs along the Cap–Vert Peninsula, Africa's most westerly point. The Dakar region is divided into four départements (administrative structures without political power, unlike the French départements). The départements had the following areas and populations at the Census of 2013: Dakar Department is also a commune (city). This is a situation comparable to Paris which is both a department and a ""commune"". The department/commune of Dakar is further divided into: Guédiawaye Department is also a commune (city).

Dakar
Peninsula. Its territory is thus roughly the same as the territory of the metropolitan area of Dakar. Since the administrative reforms of 1996, the ""régions"" of Senegal, which until then were merely local administrative structures of the central state, have been turned into full-fledged political units, with democratically elected regional councils, and regional presidents. They were given extensive powers, and manage economic development, transportation, or environmental protection issues at the regional level, thus coordinating the actions of the communes below them. The city of Dakar is a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, and contains several landmarks. One

Dakar
is the most populous arrondissement of Dakar), and Plateau/Gorée (downtown Dakar). These arrondissements are quite different from the arrondissements of Paris, being merely local administrative structures of the central state, like the Senegalese ""departments"", and are thus more comparable to French departmental arrondissements. In 1996 a massive reform of the administrative and political divisions of Senegal was voted by the Parliament of Senegal. The commune of Dakar, whose population approached 1 million inhabitants, was deemed too large and too populated to be properly managed by a central municipality, and thus on August 30, 1996 Dakar was divided into 19 ""communes

Dakar
Dakar will host the 2022 Summer Youth Olympics, making it the first African city to host the Olympics. The Cap-Vert peninsula was settled no later than the 15th century, by the Lebou people, an aquacultural ethnic group related to the neighboring Wolof and Serer. The original villages: Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann, still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today. In 1444, the Portuguese reached the Bay of Dakar, initially as slave-raiders. Peaceful contact was finally opened in 1456 by Diogo Gomes, and the bay was subsequently referred to as the """"Angra de Bezeguiche"""" (after the name of the

Dakar
the unified West African CFA currency), and to numerous international organizations, NGOs and international research centers. Dakar has a large Lebanese community (concentrated in the import-export sector) that dates to the 1920s, a community of Moroccan business people, as well as Mauritanian, Cape Verdean, and Guinean communities. The city is home to as many as 20,000 French expatriates. France still maintains an air force base at Yoff and the French fleet is serviced in Dakar's port. Beginning 1978 and until 2007, Dakar was frequently the ending point of the Dakar Rally. The Dakarois climate is generally warm. Dakar has a

Dakar
of Gorée (then known as the island of Bezeguiche or Palma), which by 1536 they began to use as a base for slave exportation. The mainland of Cap-Vert, however, was under control of the Jolof Empire, as part of the western province of Cayor which seceded from Jolof in its own right in 1549. A new Lebou village, called Ndakaaru, was established directly across from Gorée in the 17th century to service the European trading factory with food and drinking water. Gorée was captured by the United Netherlands in 1588, which gave it its present name (spelled ""Goeree"", after Goeree-Overflakkee

Pyramid
in 2575–2150 BC. Ancient Egyptian pyramids were in most cases placed west of the river Nile because the divine pharaoh's soul was meant to join with the sun during its descent before continuing with the sun in its eternal round. As of 2008, some 135 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in the world. It was the tallest building in the world until Lincoln Cathedral was finished in 1311 AD. The base is over in area. While pyramids are associated with Egypt, the nation of

chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision. Based on measurements taken on the north-eastern casing stones, the mean opening of the joints is only wide. The pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, unsurpassed until the spire of Lincoln Cathedral was completed c. 1300. The accuracy of the pyramid's workmanship is such that the four sides of the base have an average error of only 58 millimetres in length. The base is horizontal and flat to within ±. The sides of the square base are closely aligned to the

"History of the world's tallest buildings"
to be tall, but its true height is not known. For thousands of years, the Great Pyramid in Egypt was the tallest ""structure"" in the world, but the Great Pyramid is not considered a building since it is not habitable. The earliest structures now known to be the tallest in the world were the Egyptian pyramids, with the Great Pyramid of Giza, at an original height of , being the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1300. From then until the completion of the Washington Monument (capped in 1884)

Pyramid
of limestone (with large red granite blocks used in some interior chambers), contains over 2,000,000 blocks ranging in weight from to and is built on a square base with sides measuring about 230 m (755 ft), covering 13 acres. Its four sides face the four cardinal points precisely and it has an angle of 52 degrees. The original height of the pyramid was 146.5 m (488 ft), but today it is only 137 m (455 ft) high as 9 m (33 ft) has gone missing due to theft of the fine quality white Tura limestone covering, or casing stones, for

"Pyramid of Djedkare Isesi"
giving the pyramid an original peak height of . These proportions were used by the rulers Teti I, Pepi I, Merenre I, and Pepi II for their pyramid complexes. The top three steps of the pyramid no longer exist, and ruined pyramid now reaches a height of about . The pyramid was originally encased with fine white limestone. Most of the casing has since been plundered, though some of it has remained intact and has been well preserved. Entry into the substructure was gained from the north side of the pyramid; unusually, however, the entrance is under the pavement of

Pyramid
Ahmose I who founded the 18th Dynasty and the New Kingdom. The building of pyramids began in the Third Dynasty with the reign of King Djoser. Early kings such as Snefru built several pyramids, with subsequent kings adding to the number of pyramids until the end of the Middle Kingdom. The last king to build royal pyramids was Ahmose, with later kings hiding their tombs in the hills, such as those in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor's West Bank. In Medinat Habu, or Deir el-Medina, smaller pyramids were built by individuals. Smaller pyramids were also built by the

Pyramid
construction in Cairo. It remains the tallest pyramid. The Mesopotamians built the earliest pyramidal structures, called ""ziggurats"". In ancient times, these were brightly painted in gold/bronze. Since they were constructed of sun-dried mud-brick, little remains of them. Ziggurats were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex which included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period during the fourth millennium BC. The earliest ziggurats began near the end of the Early Dynastic Period. The latest Mesopotamian ziggurats date from

"Egyptian pyramids"
described it as having seven steps – although today only the three uppermost of these remain, giving the structure its odd, tower-like appearance. The hill on which the pyramid is situated is not a natural landscape feature – it is the small mountain of debris created when the lower courses and outer casing of the pyramid gave way. Amenemhat III was the last powerful ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty, and the pyramid he built at Hawara, near the Faiyum, is believed to post-date the so-called ""Black Pyramid"" built by the same ruler at Dahshur. It is the Hawara pyramid that

which is the site of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

"Light-dependent reactions"
Light-dependent reactions In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH. The four photosystems absorb light energy through pigments—primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for

place only in the presence of light. This led later to the discovery of photosystems I and II. Light-dependent reactions In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the

the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll ""a"" molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor

is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used. Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop

"Light-independent reactions"
the stroma caused by its phosphorylation. Light-independent reactions The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. These reactions are closely coupled to the thylakoid electron transport chain as reducing power provided by NADPH produced in the photosystem I is actively needed. The process of photorespiration, also known as C2 cycle, is also coupled to

integral and peripheral membrane protein complexes of the photosynthetic system. Plants absorb light primarily using the pigment chlorophyll. The green part of the light spectrum is not absorbed but is reflected which is the reason that most plants have a green color. Besides chlorophyll, plants also use pigments such as carotenes and xanthophylls. Algae also use chlorophyll, but various other pigments are present, such as phycocyanin, carotenes, and xanthophylls in green algae, phycoerythrin in red algae (rhodophytes) and fucoxanthin in brown algae and diatoms resulting in a wide variety of colors. These pigments are embedded in plants and algae in

Light-independent reactions The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. These reactions are closely coupled to the thylakoid electron transport chain as reducing power provided by NADPH produced in the photosystem I is actively needed. The process of photorespiration, also known as C2 cycle, is also coupled to the dark reactions, as it results

excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms. The reaction center is in the thylakoid membrane. It transfers light energy to a dimer of chlorophyll pigment molecules near the periplasmic (or thylakoid lumen) side of the membrane. This dimer is called a special pair because of its fundamental role in photosynthesis. This special pair is slightly different in PSI and PSII reaction center. In PSII, it absorbs photons with a wavelength

Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting

"Photosynthetic reaction centre"
the central magnesium ion is replaced by two protons. This alteration causes both an absorbance maximum shift and a lowered redox-potential. The process starts when light is absorbed by two BChl molecules (a dimer) that lie near the periplasmic side of the membrane. This pair of chlorophyll molecules, often called the ""special pair"", absorbs photons between 870 nm and 960 nm, depending on the species and, thus, is called P870 (for the species rhodobacter sphaeroides) or P960 (for rhodopseudomonas viridis), with ""P"" standing for ""pigment""). Once P absorbs a photon, it ejects an electron, which is transferred through another molecule

"Silver Linings Playbook"
drawn to the story because of the family relationships and the connection he felt to his own son, who has bipolar disorder and OCD. The film was shot on a 33-day schedule. A darker, more extreme version of the dance sequence was filmed and scenes with De Niro's character were shot in multiple versions, with the character harsher or warmer, as Russell worked with editor Jay Cassidy to set the balance they wanted. The locations are Upper Darby, Ridley Park, and Lansdowne communities just outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although not mentioned by name in the film, Ridley Park is credited at

Moore describes Cooper as having ""some real natural dancing ability"". Lawrence said of the climactic ballroom dance, ""None of that was improvised, absolutely not. I'm a terrible dancer, so I would never have been able to do any of that. When it finally came together, that scene really was just as fun as it feels."" The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, where it won the People's Choice Award. It received a limited release in the United States on November 16, 2012, opening wider later that week. It also opened at the 2012

"The Silver Linings Playbook"
Tucker as Danny. The film debuted at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was awarded the TIFF People's Choice Award. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards including the Big Five with Lawrence winning the award for Best Actress. The screenplay made several changes to the plot, including changing Pat's ethnicity to the Italian-American Pat Solitano, whose family lives in the suburb of Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. A character named Randy, who was not in the novel, was added. Most of the supporting characters, such as Danny, play much more significant roles than they do in the novel, and

Winterthorne
2015 Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign partially funded season 1 of ""Winterthorne"". The series is executive produced by Caruso and his wife Barbara ""Barbi"" Caruso, with Steve Silverman of Suchagooddog LLC, Jim Cannella and Martha Madison as co-executive producers. The series began a three-week production schedule in late March 2015 in the Los Angeles area. Some of ""Winterthorne"" was shot on location in Idyllwild (near Palm Springs, California). A trailer for ""Winterthorne"" was released May 2015, with an extended version following in July 2015. The series had a red carpet premiere at the Renberg Theater in Los Angeles on August 16, 2015.

Tiffany Maxwell, portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence, who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her. The two become closer as they train and Pat, his father, and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems. ""Silver Linings Playbook"" premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, and was released in the United States on November 16, 2012. The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades. It received eight Academy Award nominations, including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted

Kiltegan
Kiltegan Kiltegan () is a village in west County Wicklow, Ireland, on the R747 regional road close to the border with County Carlow. The 19th century mansion Humewood House lies just outside the village. It was built in 1870 for William Hume-Dick, father-in-law of Richard Penruddocke Long, by William White. It remained in the Hume family until the death of Mimi Weygand (née Hume), in 1992. The house has been used as a location for films such as ""The Actors"" starring Michael Caine, ""Ella Enchanted"" with Joanna Lumley, ""Laws of Attraction"" starring Pierce Brosnan and Julianne Moore, and for ABC's

""Lincoln"". Expanding to 367 locations in its second week, the film moved to ninth place with $4.4 million. By December 30, it was showing at 745 theaters and had earned $27.3 million. On January 18, 2013, it earned $12.7 million when it expanded to 2,523 theaters, which boosted its total to $56.7 million. In its second weekend of playing in over 2500 theaters, its sales only declined by 12.2%. Gitesh Pandya stated it was well on its way to reaching the $100 million mark and could go much higher if it remained durable over the weeks. Ray Subers forecast the

times its budget. After eight months of treatment in a mental health facility for bipolar disorder, Patrizio ""Pat"" Solitano, Jr. (Bradley Cooper) is released into the care of his father Patrizio, Sr. (Robert De Niro) and mother Dolores (Jacki Weaver) at his childhood home in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. His main focus is to reconcile with his ex-wife, Nikki (Brea Bee). She has moved away and obtained a restraining order against him after Pat had found her in the shower with another man and nearly beat him to death. During his time in the clinic Pat befriends Danny McDaniels (Chris Tucker),

"Bohemian Rhapsody (film)"
replacement. On 15 December 2017, the film had resumed filming in and around London after replacing Singer with Fletcher. Fletcher estimated two-thirds of the principal photography had been completed when he joined the production, saying, ""I came into the last few weeks of principal photography and editing and the bits and pieces like that... I was looking at two complete [acts] in a good film, and [I had to] not let it down."" On 16 January 2018, Brian May uploaded a photo on his Instagram account on the set of the film and said: Today, under the auspices of our

"Golden Oak Ranch"
the opening scene of the 2011 romantic comedy ""No Strings Attached"" was also filmed here. Golden Oak Ranch Golden Oak Ranch is an 890-acre (360 ha) movie ranch owned by the Disney Studio Services division of Walt Disney Studios subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company that serves as a filming location and backlot. The ranch is off of Placerita Canyon Road in Newhall, California, less than an hour north of Los Angeles; its entrance is about 2 miles (3.2 km) from Placerita Canyon Road's intersection with California State Route 14. The ranch is on land that was part of the

"Duluth model"
Duluth model The Duluth Model or Domestic Abuse Intervention Project is a program developed to reduce domestic violence against women. It is named after Duluth, Minnesota, the city where it was developed. The program was largely founded by Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar. , the Duluth Model is the most common batterer intervention program used in the United States. Critics argue that the method can be ineffective as it was developed without minority communities in mind and can fail to address root psychological or emotional causes of abuse, in addition to completely neglecting male victims and female perpetrators of abuse.

used to measure batterers' attitudes toward domestic violence and their likelihood to engage in future abuse were of questionable validity."" A 2003 longitudinal, four-year evaluation by E W Gondolf, covering four cities, shows clear deescalation of reassault and other abuse, with 80% of men reaching sustained non-violence. A 2005 study led by Larry Bennett, a professor of social work at the University of Illinois at Chicago and an expert on batterer intervention programs, found that of the 30 batterer intervention programs in Cook County, Illinois, 15 percent of batterers who completed the programs were rearrested for domestic violence, compared with

exclusively for battered women. Duluth model The Duluth Model or Domestic Abuse Intervention Project is a program developed to reduce domestic violence against women. It is named after Duluth, Minnesota, the city where it was developed. The program was largely founded by Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar. , the Duluth Model is the most common batterer intervention program used in the United States. Critics argue that the method can be ineffective as it was developed without minority communities in mind and can fail to address root psychological or emotional causes of abuse, in addition to completely neglecting male victims and

and control. This is illustrated by the ""Power and Control Wheel,"" a graphic typically displayed as a poster in participating locations. According to the Duluth Model, ""women and children are vulnerable to violence because of their unequal social, economic, and political status in society."" Treatment of abusive men is focused on re-education, as ""we do not see men’s violence against women as stemming from individual pathology, but rather from a socially reinforced sense of entitlement."" The program's philosophy is intended to help batterers work to change their attitudes and personal behavior so they would learn to be nonviolent in any

The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project was the first multi-disciplinary program designed to address the issue of domestic violence. This experimental program, conducted in Duluth in 1981, coordinated the actions of a variety of agencies dealing with domestic conflict. The Duluth model curriculum was developed by a ""small group of activists in the battered women’s movement"" with 5 battered women and 4 men as subjects. The program has become a model for programs in other jurisdictions seeking to deal more effectively with domestic violence. The feminist theory underlying the Duluth Model is that men use violence within relationships to exercise power

socialized in a patriarchy that condones male violence, and that women are victims who are violent only in self-defense. Some critics argue that ""programs based on the Duluth Model may ignore research linking domestic violence to substance abuse and psychological problems, such as attachment disorders, traced to childhood abuse or neglect, or the absence of a history of adequate socialization and training."" Others criticize the Duluth model as being overly confrontational rather than therapeutic, focusing solely on changing the abuser's actions and attitudes rather than dealing with underlying emotional and psychological issues. Donald Dutton, a psychology professor at the University

relationship. A U.S. study published in 2002 sponsored by the federal government found that batterers who complete programs based on the Duluth model are less likely to repeat acts of domestic violence than those who do not complete any batterers' intervention program. A 2003 study conducted by the U.S. National Institute of Justice found the Duluth Model to have ""little or no effect."" However, this study had considerable shortfalls. The National Institute of Justice said in its introduction, ""...response rates were low, many people dropped out of the program, and victims could not be found for subsequent interviews. The tests

37 percent of those who dropped out of the programs. However, Bennett said the studies are largely meaningless because they lacked a proper control group. He added that participants who complete domestic violence programs are likely to be more motivated than others to improve behavior and would be less inclined to offend again. A 2011 review of the effectiveness of batterers intervention programs (BIP) (primarily Duluth Model) found that ""there is no solid empirical evidence for either the effectiveness or relative superiority of any of the current group interventions,"" and that ""the more rigorous the methodology of evaluation studies, the

violence in heterosexual relationships, as well. Its proponents counter that the Duluth model is effective and makes best use of scarce resources. However, Ellen Pence herself has written, The Duluth Model is featured in the documentary """" with commentary from its authors as well as its main critics, such as Dutton. Erin Pizzey the founder of Chiswick Women's Aid, the first ever refuge in the world for victims of domestic violence notes in an interview in The Red Pill that men and women are equally capable of domestic violence, though over time domestic abuse shelters have shifted to be almost

of British Columbia who has studied abusive personalities, states: ""The Duluth Model was developed by people who didn't understand anything about therapy,"" and also points out that ""lesbian battering is more frequent than heterosexual battering."" Philip W. Cook points out that in the case of homosexual domestic violence, the patriarchy is absent: there is no male dominance of women in same-sex relationships, and in fact, female on female abuse is reported more than twice as frequently as male on male abuse. Furthermore, some critics point out that the model ignores the reality that women are sometimes the perpetrators of domestic

"International Baccalaureate"
organisation (NGO) at United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and has collaborative relationships with the Council of Europe and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). The IB governance is composed of an IB Board of Governors and six committees (access and advancement, audit, education, finance, human resources and governance). The Board of Governors appoints the Director General, sets the strategic direction of the organisation, adopts a mission statement, makes policy, oversees the IB's financial management, and ensures autonomy and integrity of the IB Diploma Programme examinations and other student assessment. The structure of its different committees are

"IB Diploma Programme"
and the curriculum model developed at UWC Atlantic College, Peterson initiated the pattern of combining ""general education with specialization"", which melded with the curricula of the United States and Canada, and became the ""curriculum framework"" proposed at the UNESCO conference in Geneva in 1967. Late in 1967, ISES was restructured and renamed the IB Council of Foundation, and John Goormaghtigh became the first president in January 1968. In 1967, the group, which by then also included Ralph Tyler, identified eight schools to be used for the experimentation of the curriculum. In 1968, the IB headquarters were officially established in Geneva

sit three A-levels, with universities working to carefully construct appropriate equivalent offer conditions. In 1945 the ""Conference of Internationally-minded Schools"" asked the International School of Geneva (Ecolint) to create an international schools programme. When he became director of Ecolint's English division, Desmond Cole-Baker began to develop the idea, and in 1962, his colleague Robert Leach organised a conference in Geneva, at which the term ""International Baccalaureate"" was first mentioned. An American social studies teacher, Leach organized the conference—with a $2500 grant from UNESCO—which was attended by observers from European schools and UNESCO. Writing about the genesis of the International Baccalaureate

IB Diploma Programme The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16 to 18 year olds. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into higher education and is recognized by many universities worldwide. It was developed in the early to mid-1960s in Geneva, Switzerland, by a group of international educators. After a six-year pilot programme that ended in 1975, a bilingual diploma was established. Administered by the International Baccalaureate (IB), the IBDP is taught in schools in over 140 countries, in one of three languages: English, French, or Spanish. In order to

for the development and maintenance of the IBDP. Alec Peterson became IBO's first director general, and in 1968, twelve schools in twelve countries participated in the IBDP, including UWC Atlantic College and UNIS of New York. The aim was to ""provide an internationally acceptable university admissions qualification suitable for the growing mobile population of young people whose parents were part of the world of diplomacy, international and multi-national organizations."" The first six years of the IB Diploma Programme, with a limited number of students, are referred to as the ""experimental period"". Each school was to be inspected by ISES or

in ""Schools Across Frontiers"", Alec Peterson credits Leach as ""the original promoter of the International Baccalaureate."" At the end of the conference, Unesco funded the International School Association with an additional $10,000, which was inadequate to do more than produce a few papers, or bring teachers together for meetings. By 1964, international educators such as Alec Peterson (director of the Department of Education at Oxford University), Harlan Hanson (director of the College Board Advanced Placement Program), Desmond Cole (director of United Nations International School in New York) and Desmond Cole-Baker (head of the International School of Geneva) founded the International

based on respect, representation and collaboration. The Board of Governors can comprise between 15 and 25 members. Members are elected by the Board on the recommendation of the governance committee, and from nominations presented from the Heads Council, Regional Councils and the Board. To encourage diversity of gender, culture and geography, there are only three ex officio positions: Director General (non-voting), the chair of the Examining Board and the chair of the Heads Council. Advisory bodies include the Heads Council and Regional Councils Some schools in the United States have eliminated the IBDP due to budgetary reasons and low student

IBO and had to be approved by their government. The experimental period ended in 1975, and in that year, the International Baccalaureate North America (IBNA) was established as a separate entity, allowing the funding for implementation of the IBDP to remain in the country rather than being sent to Geneva. The first official guide to the programme containing its syllabus and official assessment information was published in 1970 and included the theory of knowledge course. The extended essay was introduced in 1978, but creativity, action, service (CAS), although mentioned in guides beforehand, was not specifically identified in the guide until

Schools Examination Syndicate (ISES). Cole and Hanson brought experience with college entrance examinations in the United States, and Hanson, in particular, brought his experience from a long relationship with the College Board. According to Peterson, ""the breakthrough in the history of the IB"" came in 1965 with a grant from the Twentieth Century Fund, which commissioned Martin Mayer, author of ""The Schools"", to produce a report on the feasibility of establishing a common curriculum and examination for international schools that would be acceptable for entry to universities worldwide. This led to conferences involving Ecolint, United World College of the Atlantic

participate, students must attend an IB school. IBDP students complete assessments in six subjects, one from each subject group, and three core requirements. Students are evaluated using both internal and external assessments, and courses finish with an externally assessed series of examinations, usually consisting of two or three timed written tests. Internal assessment varies by subject: there may be oral presentations, practical work, or written work. In most cases, these are initially graded by the classroom teacher, whose grades are then verified or modified, as necessary, by an appointed external moderator. Generally, the IBDP has been well received. It has

"Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones song)"
the Rhythm"" was released in Autumn 1985 to a great commercial success. The single became one of Jones' greatest commercial successes and is considered to be one of her signature tunes. It became one of the biggest chart successes for the singer in the UK (number 12, next to ""Pull Up to the Bumper""). The track proved exceptionally popular in Belgium, New Zealand, Italy and German speaking countries, where it made it to the top 10. The original version of the single, and its remixes, also topped the American dance chart in February 1986, despite not entering the mainstream ""Billboard""

"Slave to the Rhythm (album)"
Slave to the Rhythm (album) Slave to the Rhythm is the seventh studio album by Grace Jones, released on 28 October 1985 by Island Records. Subtitled ""a biography"" in the liner notes, ""Slave to the Rhythm"" is a concept album, produced by ZTT Records founder and producer Trevor Horn, that went on to become one of Jones' most commercially successful albums and spawned her biggest hit, ""Slave to the Rhythm"". After finishing sessions at Compass Point for her ""Living My Life"" album in late 1982, Jones took a break from recording music and focused on an acting career. Within two

Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones song) ""Slave to the Rhythm"" is a 1985 hit song performed by Grace Jones. ""Slave to the Rhythm"" was the first single from Grace Jones' album of the same name, which was released in 1985. The song and the album were written by Bruce Woolley, Simon Darlow, Stephen Lipson and Trevor Horn and produced by Horn. This was Grace's first album in three years, and it contained eight variations of the same song (the single's B-side is another variation, yet to be released on CD). ""Slave to the Rhythm"" was originally intended for Frankie

"Slave to the Grind"
Slave to the Grind Slave to the Grind is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on June 11, 1991 by Atlantic Records. The album displayed harsher sound than its predecessor and lyrics that avoided hard rock cliches. ""Slave to the Grind"" is the first heavy metal album to chart at number one on the ""Billboard"" 200 in the Nielsen SoundScan era, selling 134,000 copies in its opening week. The album was certified 2× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1998 for shipping two million copies in the United States. It

sales in 1991. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. Slave to the Grind Slave to the Grind is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on June 11, 1991 by Atlantic Records. The album displayed harsher sound than its predecessor and lyrics that avoided hard rock cliches. ""Slave to the Grind"" is the first heavy metal album to chart at number one on the ""Billboard"" 200 in the Nielsen SoundScan era, selling 134,000 copies in its opening week. The album was certified 2× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in

"Slave to the Rhythm (Michael Jackson song)"
song debuted at number 45 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, giving Jackson a posthumous 50th entry on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was written and recorded in 1990, with L.A. Reid and Babyface during sessions for the ""Dangerous"" album, but didn't make the final cut. In 2010, a version of the song remixed by Tricky Stewart was leaked. This remix remains unreleased officially, but a snippet was played on the Ellen DeGeneres Show in the weeks before the release of ""Xscape"". In 2013, another version of the song leaked (featuring Jackson's vocals in a duet with Canadian artist Justin

"Slave to the Grind (song)"
Slave to the Grind (song) ""Slave to the Grind"" is a song by Skid Row. It was the second single and the title track from their second album, ""Slave to the Grind"". The song was released in 1991 and written by bandmates Sebastian Bach, Rachel Bolan and Dave ""The Snake"" Sabo. It reached #43 on the UK Singles Chart. The video also got heavy rotation on MTV but was not as successful as previous singles and did not chart in the US. On March 22, 2011, Halestorm released an EP called """" containing a cover of ""Slave to the Grind"".

"Slave to the Music (James Morrison song)"
Slave to the Music (James Morrison song) ""Slave to the Music"" is a song by British singer-songwriter James Morrison, released as the third single from his third studio album, ""The Awakening"". The single was due for release on February 20, 2012 in the United Kingdom, however, the song received an advanced release on August 5, 2011 in the Netherlands. The music video was uploaded to Morrison's official YouTube account on August 19, 2011, and included on the bonus DVD contained within the Tesco deluxe edition of ""The Awakening"". In an interview for Digital Spy, James described the track: ""Slave to

Grace Jones"". ""Ladies and Gentlemen"" would be released as a single, under the title of ""Slave to the Rhythm"". According to the album's sleeve notes, extensive use of the New England Digital Synclavier was made in its recording. ""Slave to the Rhythm"" is one of the most successful of all Grace Jones' albums in terms of commercial performance. It performed best in German-speaking countries and the Netherlands, where it secured top 10 placings. It also reached number 12 on the UK Albums Chart in November 1985. The album remains the second highest-charting album of Jones' on the US ""Billboard"" 200

of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Of the 1.21 billion Indians, 833 million (68.84%) live in rural areas while 377 million stay in urban areas. 453.6 million people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population. India is the homeland of major belief systems such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have survived the influence of major religions for centuries. Ever since its inception, the Census of India has been collecting and publishing information about the religious affiliations as expressed

According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.64%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census was 'Our Census, Our future'. Spread across 29 states and 7 union territories, the census covered 640 districts, 5,924 sub-districts, 7,935 towns and more than 600,000 villages. A total of 2.7 million officials visited households in 7,935 towns and 600,000 villages, classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation. The cost of the exercise was approximately – this

"Economic Survey of India 2011"
growth in the agricultural sector in the initial 4 years of the 11th year plan (2007–12) was around 2.87%. In the year 2009-10 the production of the food grains hiked to 232.1 billion tons from 218.1 billion tons. This year i.e. 2010-11 the agricultural sector is expected to have a growth of 5.7% as the monsoon is expected to be comparatively good. The rise in food inflation and the growing need of agricultural product in the country has initiated to the need of a second green revolution. The industrial growth rate is 8.6% of the GDP at market price where

"Income in India"
Income in India India's per capita income (nominal) was $1670 per year in 2016, ranked at 112th out of 164 countries by the World Bank, while its per capita income on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis was US$5,350, and ranked 106th. Other estimates for per capita Gross National Income and Gross Domestic Product vary by source. For example, India's average GDP per capita on PPP basis in 2009, according to The Economist, was US$5,138, with significant variation among its states and union territories. Goa had the highest per capita PPP GDP at US$14903, while Bihar the lowest with per capita

Economic Survey of India 2011 The Economic Survey of India 2010-11 tells that the Indian economy in the year 2010-11 has showed a healthy growth and a stable fiscal consolidation. The ""global financial crisis of 2007-09"" had initially caused a ""sluggish"" growth. But a remarkable emergence in the Indian Economy has been observed even after the slowdown, happened due to the crisis. The estimated growth of 8.6% has been witnessed (as per CSO report, 7 February 2011). The growth has been strong in the agricultural sector and in the manufacturing sector. Inflation on the other hand seems to be high

"Gandhinagar district"
2011 census Gandhinagar district has a population of 1,387,478, roughly equal to the nation of Swaziland or the US state of Hawaii. The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.15%. Gandhinagar has a sex ratio of 920 females for every 1000 males. It had a literacy rate of 76.5% in 2001 which rose by an impressive 10 percentage points in 10 years to literacy rate of 85.78% in 2011. A blend of heritage, history and culture, Gandhinagar is one of the most harmonious city that one can ever visit. A

"Surajpur district"
Surajpur district Surajpur is a district of the State of Chhattisgarh in central India, with its administrative headquarters at Surajpur. National Highway 43 passes through Surajpur district. Surajpur was declared a district on 15 August 2011 by the state Chief Minister Dr. Raman Singh along with eight other new districts. Surajpur is the first district to receive National Satyan Maitra Literacy Award. The district is known for its market (economical and quality product) and other major tourist places of Chhattisgarh with Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary. India census, Surajpur district had a population of 660,280. Males constitute 53% of the population

but it has come down distinctly from the initial position i.e. the start of the fiscal year. There were a few challenges faced during the survey – ""economic governance"", ""efficiency of subsidies"" and ""infrastructure"". There are policies which are made in order to tackle such problems. There has been a growth of 9.7% of the GDP (at market price) in the investments and savings and the private consumption as witnessed by the survey. The rise in the savings rate and the rate of investment was up to 33.7% and 36.5% respectively in the year 2009-10. According to the survey the

"First Nations"
First Nations In Canada, the First Nations () are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle. Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit. The Métis, another distinct ethnicity, developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a ""designated group"", along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities. First Nations are

people, most of which are spoken only in Canada. Many are in decline. Those with the most speakers include Anishinaabe and Cree (together totalling up to 150,000 speakers); Inuktitut with about 29,000 speakers in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (Northern Quebec), and Nunatsiavut (Northern Labrador); and Mi'kmaq, with around 8,500 speakers, mostly in Eastern Canada. Many Aboriginal peoples have lost their native languages and often all but surviving elders speak English or French as their first language. Two of Canada's territories give official status to native languages. In Nunavut, Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun are official languages alongside English and French, and

Place"" near Montreal. While the other Anicinàpe peoples continued their journey up the St. Lawrence River, the Algonquins settled along the ""Kitcisìpi"" (Ottawa River), an important highway for commerce, cultural exchange, and transportation from time immemorial. A distinct Algonquin identity, though, was not realized until after the dividing of the Anicinàpek at the ""Third Stopping Place"", estimated at about 2,000 years ago near present-day Detroit. According to their tradition, and from recordings in ""wiigwaasabak"" (birch bark scrolls), Ojibwe (an Algonquian-speaking people) came from the eastern areas of North America, or Turtle Island, and from along the east coast. They traded

Saulteaux, Menominee, Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, and other First Nations in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries and Europeans, mainly French. According to Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Métis were historically the children of French fur traders and Nehiyaw women or, from unions of English or Scottish traders and Northern Dene women (Anglo-Métis). The Métis spoke or still speak either Métis French or a mixed language called Michif. ""Michif"", ""Mechif"" or ""Métchif"" is a phonetic spelling of the Métis pronunciation of ""Métif"", a variant of ""Métis"". The Métis predominantly speak English, with French a strong second language, as well as

"Indigenous peoples in Canada"
in winter for tools, and particularly worked iron, which they adapted to native needs. Notable among the Inuit are Abraham Ulrikab and family who became a zoo exhibit in Hamburg, Germany, and Tanya Tagaq, a traditional throat singer. Abe Okpik was instrumental in helping Inuit obtain surnames rather than disc numbers and Kiviaq (David Ward) won the legal right to use his single-word Inuktituk name. The Métis are people descended from marriages between Europeans (mainly French) and Cree, Ojibway, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Menominee, Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, and other First Nations. Their history dates to the mid-17th century. When Europeans first arrived to

years in prison. After the Red River Rebellion of 1869–1870, Métis moved from Manitoba to the District of Saskatchewan, where they founded a settlement at Batoche on the South Saskatchewan River. In Manitoba settlers from Ontario began to arrive. They pushed for land to be allotted in the square concession system of English Canada, rather than the seigneurial system of strips reaching back from a river which the Métis were familiar with in their French-Canadian culture. The buffalo were being hunted to extinction by the Hudson's Bay Company and other hunters, as for generations the Métis had depended on them

or ""We're Kwantlens"", in recognition of the distinctive First Nations. First Nations peoples had settled and established trade routes across what is now Canada by 1,000 BC to 500 BC. Communities developed, each with its own culture, customs, and character. In the northwest were the Athapaskan-speaking peoples, Slavey, Tłı̨chǫ, Tutchone-speaking peoples, and Tlingit. Along the Pacific coast were the Haida, Salish, Kwakiutl, Nuu-chah-nulth, Nisga'a and Gitxsan. In the plains were the Blackfoot, Kainai, Sarcee and Northern Peigan. In the northern woodlands were the Cree and Chipewyan. Around the Great Lakes were the Anishinaabe, Algonquin, Iroquois and Wyandot. Along the Atlantic

across the country. Indian reserves, established in Canadian law by treaties such as Treaty 7, are the very limited contemporary lands of First Nations recognized by the non-indigenous governments. A few reserves exist within cities, such as the Opawikoscikan Reserve in Prince Albert, Wendake in Quebec City or Stony Plain 135 in the Edmonton Capital Region. There are more reserves in Canada than there are First Nations, as First Nations were ceded multiple reserves by treaty. First Nations can be grouped into cultural areas based on their ancestors' primary lifeway, or occupation, at the time of European contact. These culture

artifacts. These early inhabitants were highly mobile hunter-gatherers, consisting of about 20 to 50 members of an extended family. The Na-Dene people occupied much of the land area of northwest and central North America starting around 8,000 BCE. They were the earliest ancestors of the Athabaskan-speaking peoples, including the Navajo and Apache. They had villages with large multi-family dwellings, used seasonally during the summer, from which they hunted, fished and gathered food supplies for the winter. The Wendat peoples settled into Southern Ontario along the Eramosa River around 8,000–7,000 BCE (10,000–9,000 years ago). They were concentrated between Lake Simcoe and

engaging in wars against the Gros Ventres alongside them, and later fighting the Blackfeet. A Plains people, they went no further north than the North Saskatchewan River and purchased a great deal of European trade goods through Cree middlemen from the Hudson's Bay Company. The life style of this group was semi-nomadic, and they would follow the herds of bison during the warmer months. They traded with European traders, and worked with the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes. In the earliest oral history, the Algonquins were from the Atlantic coast. Together with other Anicinàpek, they arrived at the ""First Stopping

"Politics of Puerto Rico"
the Governor with the approval of the Senate to serve until they reach age 70. Due to the status of Puerto Rico as a territory of the United States, its residents cannot vote in the U.S. presidential elections. Politics in Puerto Rico revolve around a multi-party political system. The politics of Puerto Rico are dominated by three political parties: the Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP), the Partido Popular Democratico (PPD), and the Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (PIP). Since the 1898 invasion of Puerto Rico by the Americans during the Spanish–American War, politics in Puerto Rico have been significantly shaped by its status

the Legislature. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico, the Tribunal de Apelaciones (English: Court of Appeals), and Tribunal de Primera Instancia (English: Courts of First Instance). There is also a Federal Court to hear cases of a federal nature or with federal jurisdiction. Puerto Rico's governor, who is the head of government, and the members of the legislature are elected every four years by popular vote. Puerto Rico's legislature is a bi-cameral body consisting of a Senate and a Camara de Representantes. The members of the judicial branch are appointed by

"Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority"
mutual aid agreements with utilities such as Con Edison. Six weeks after Hurricane Maria, 30% of customers had been restored. After two months, almost half had been restored. On January 6, 2018, representatives of FEMA, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and their armed security details entered a Palo Seco warehouse owned by PREPA to obtain and distribute a massive store of spare parts were needed to restore grid power. PREPA has been accused of hoarding the materials and hence delaying the restoration of power. The equipment has since been distributed. In January 2018, it had been predicted that

latitude over its internal affairs than the U.S. territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa. Puerto Rico has approximately the same degree of authority over its internal affairs as an American state. However, it does not have the sovereignty that a state of the Union has, given that Puerto Rico is a possession of the United States and it is, thus, not protected by the US Constitution as states are. The United States federal government controls interstate trade, foreign commerce, customs, aviation and navigation, immigration, currency, all military and naval matters, radio and television communications, mining and

suffered several outages that have left the entire island of Puerto Rico without power. One of these islandwide outages occurred on September 20, 2016 due to a fire at one of PREPA's plants—Central Aguirre. All of Puerto Rico was without power for three days. At the first days of September 2017, the eye of Hurricane Irma passed north of the island. The strong winds left 1 million residents without power. Power had been restored to 980,000 people by September 20, when Hurricane Maria struck, leaving nearly the entire island without power. Two weeks later, power had been restored to about

original plan of four days per month; the latter had been expected to achieve $218 million in savings. Governor Rossello rejected this plan as unjustified and unnecessary. Pension reforms were also discussed including a proposal for a 10% reduction in benefits to begin addressing the $50 billion in unfunded pension liabilities. Puerto Rico has an operating budget of about U.S.$9.8 billion with expenses at about $10.4 billion, creating a structural deficit of $775 million (about 7.9% of the budget). The practice of approving budgets with a structural deficit has been done for consecutive years starting in 2000. Throughout those years,

"Economy of Puerto Rico"
bonds in all 50 states and territories. First being California, second New York. In early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government which was saddled with outstanding debt of $70 billion or $12,000 per capita at a time with a 45 percent poverty rate and 14.2% unemployment that is more than twice the mainland U.S. average. The Commonwealth had been defaulting on many debts, including bonds, since 2015. Newly elected governor Ricardo Rosselló discussed the situation in an interview with the international Financial Times in mid January and indicated that he would seek an amicable

the U.S. state of Puerto Rico. Under his administration, Section 936 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Tax Code () was implemented as an economic incentive. This allowed American companies to profit in the island without paying taxes. His administration was shadowed by the Cerro Maravilla (Maravilla Hill) affair, where two independence activists were killed by police agents. This created a Watergate-like scandal that was later investigated by the Senate. In 1980, Romero Barcelo was reelected Governor by a controversial 0.2% margin, but lost control of the Senate and, a year later, the House of Representatives to the PDP. Independence radical

most products coming from East Asia, mainly from China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. At a global scale, Puerto Rico's dependency on oil for transportation and electricity generation, as well as its dependency on food imports and raw materials, makes Puerto Rico volatile and highly reactive to changes in the world economy and climate. Puerto Rico's agricultural sector represents less than 1% of GNP. In early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government which was saddled with outstanding bond debt that had climbed to $70 billion at a time with a 45 percent poverty rate and

month after the July 23, 1967 local plebiscite and the year before the PNP won the 1968 elections. The party saw the ideology of annexation as a U.S. state as a civil rights issue. The creation of the New Progressive Party polarized the political arena to a great degree as radical independence groups were formed in the 1970s and the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), a Marxist and Cuba-friendly party, was created. Two of the radical groups were labeled as terrorist groups by the U.S. Government, Los Macheteros and the Armed Forces of National Liberation (FALN). These groups were viewed

"Constituent Assembly of India"
Hamid, Abdul Halim Ghuznavi United Provinces: Ajit Prasad Jain, Algu Rai Shastri, Balkrishna Sharma, Banshi Dhar Misra, Bhagwan Din, Damodar Swarup Seth, Dayal Das Bhagat, Dharam Prakash, A. Dharam Dass, R. V. Dhulekar, Feroz Gandhi, Gopal Narain, Krishna Chandra Sharma, Govind Ballabh Pant, Govind Malviya, Har Govind Pant, Harihar Nath Shastri, Hriday Nath Kunzru, Jaspat Roy Kapoor, Jagannath Baksh Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru, Jogendra Singh, Jugal Kishore, Jwala Prasad Srivastava, B. V. Keskar, Kamala Chaudhry, Kamalapati Tripathi, J. B. Kripalani, Mahavir Tyagi, Khurshed Lal, Masurya Din, Mohan Lal Saksena, Padampat Singhania, Phool Singh, Paragi Lal, Purnima Banerjee, Purushottam Das Tandon, Hira

the Assembly approved the draft constitution on 26 November 1949. On 26 January 1950 the constitution took effect (commemorated as Republic Day), and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India (continuing until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952). Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman (temporary) of Constituent Assembly. Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University. Also chairing the assembly's Minorities Committee, Mookerjee was appointed governor of West Bengal after India became a republic. Jurist

Brijlal Nandlal Biyani, Thakur Cheedilal, Seth Govind Das, Hari Singh Gour, Hari Vishnu Kamath, Hemchandra Jagobaji Khandekar, Ghanshyam Singh Gupta, Lakshman Shrawan Bhatkar, Panjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh, Ravi Shankar Shukla, R. K. Sidhva, Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari, Frank Anthony, Kazi Syed Karimuddin, Ganpatrao Dani Assam: Nibaran Chandra Laskar, Dharanidhar Basu-Matari, Gopinath Bardoloi, J. J. M. Nichols-Roy, Kuladhar Chaliha, Rohini Kumar Chaudhury, Muhammad Saadulla, Abdur Rouf Orissa: Biswanath Das, Krishna Chandra Gajapati Narayana Dev, Harekrushna Mahatab, Laxminarayan Sahu Lokanath Mishra, Nandkishore Das, Rajkrishna Bose, Santanu Kumar Das, Yudhishir Mishra Delhi: Deshbhandhu Gupta Ajmer-Merwara: Mukut Bihari Lal Bhargava Coorg: C. M. Poonacha Mysore: K.C.

D'Souza, Kanayalal Nanabhai Desai, Keshavrao Marutirao Jedhe, Khandubhai Kasanji Desai, Bal Gangadhar Kher, M.R. Masani, K.M. Munshi, Narahar Vishnu Gadgil, S. Nijalingappa, S. K. Patil, Ramchandra Manohar Nalavade, R. R. Diwakar, Shankarrao Deo, G. V. Mavalankar, Vallabhbhai Patel, Abdul Kadar Mohammad Shaikh, A. A. Khan West Bengal: Monomohan Das, Arun Chandra Guha, Lakshmi Kanta Maitra, Mihir Lal Chattopadhyay, Satis Chandra Samanta, Suresh Chandra Majumdar, Upendranath Barman, Prabhudayal Himatsingka, Basanta Kumar Das, Renuka Ray, H. C. Mukherjee, Surendra Mohan Ghose, Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Ari Bahadur Gurung, R. E. Platel, K. C. Neogy, Raghib Ahsan, Somnath Lahiri, Jasimuddin Ahmad, Naziruddin Ahmad, Abdul

Ahmad, Mahmud Hussain, Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar, A. M. Malik, Birat Chandra Mandal, Jogendra Nath Mandal, Mohammed Ali, Khwaja Nazimuddin, M.A.B.L. Nur Ahmed, Nurul Amin, Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, Sri Dhananjoy M.A. B.L. Roy, Maudi Bhakesh Chanda, B.L. Serajul Islam, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Osmani, Shahabudin Khwaja, H.S. Suhrawardy, Harendra Kumar Sur, Tamizuddin Khan, Kawivi Kerwar Datta, Ghulam Mohammed West Punjab: Mian Mumtaz Mohammad Khan Daultana, Ganga Saran, Zafarullah Khan, Iftikhar Hussain Khan, Mian Muhammad Iftikharuddin, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sheikh Karamat Ali, Nazir Ahmad Khan, Sardar Abdur Rab Nistar, Feroz Khan Noon, Omar Hayat Malik, Shah Nawaz Begum Jahan Ara, Sardar Shaukat Hyat

Vallabha Tripathi, Ram Chandra Gupta, Shibban Lal Saxena, Satish Chandra, John Matthai, Sucheta Kripalani, Sunder Lall, Venkatesh Narayan Tiwari, Mohanlal Gautam, Vishwambhar Dayal Tripathi, Vishnu Sharan Dublish, Begum Aizaz Rasul, Hyder Hussain, Hasrat Mohani, Abul Kalam Azad, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Rafi Ahmad Kidwai, Mohd. Hifzur Rahman, Z H Lari East Punjab: Bakshi Tek Chand, Jairamdas Daulatram, Thakurdas Bhargava, Bikramlal Sondhi, Yashwant Rai, Ranbir Singh Hooda, Lala Achint Ram, Nand Lal, Baldev Singh, Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir, Sardar Hukam Singh, Sardar Bhopinder Singh Mann, Sardar Rattan Singh Lohgarh Chaudhry Suraj Mal Bihar: Amiyo Kumar Ghosh, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala,

Shambu Nath Shukla, Ram Sahai Tiwari, Mannulalji Dwidedi Cooch Behar: Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari Tripura and Manipur: Girja Shankar Guha Bhopal: Lal Singh Kutch: Bhawani Arjun Khimji Himachal Pradesh: Yashwant Singh Parmar East Bengal: Abdullah al Mahmood, Maulana Mohd Abdullah el Baqui, Abdul Hamid, Abdul Kasem Khan, Mohammad Akram Khan, A. Hamid, Azizuddin Ahmad, Muhammad Habibullah Bahar, Prem Hari Barma, Raj Kumar Chakraverty, Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya, Abdul Matin Chaudhary, Murtaza Raza Choudhry, Hamidul Haq Chowdhury, Akhay Kumar Das, Dhirendra Nath Datta, Bhupendra Kumar Datta, Ebrahim Khan, Fazlul Huq, Fazlur Rahman, Ghayasuddin Pathan, Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Liaquat Ali Khan, Mafizuddin

Bhagwat Prasad, Boniface Lakra, Brajeshwar Prasad, Chandika Ram, K. T. Shah, Devendra Nath Samanta, Dip Narain Sinha, Guptanath Singh, Jadubans Sahay, Jagat Narain Lal, Jagjivan Ram, Jaipal Singh Munda, Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga, Kamaleshwari Prasad Yadav, Mahesh Prasad Sinha, Krishna Ballabh Sahay, Raghunandan Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Rameshwar Prasad Sinha, Ramnarayan Singh, Sachchidananda Sinha, Sarangdhar Sinha, Satyanarayan Sinha, Binodanand Jha, P. K. Sen, Sri Krishna Sinha, Sri Narayan Mahtha, Syamanandan Mishra, Hussain Imam, Syed Jafar Imam, Latifur Rahman, Mohammad Tahir, Tajamul Hussain, Choudhry Abid Hussain. Hargovind Mishra Central Provinces and Berar: Ambica Charan Shukla, Raghu Vira, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, B.A. Mandloi,

T. Prakasam, S. H. Prater, Raja Swetachalapati Ramakrishna Renga Roa of Bobbili, R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar, Ramnath Goenka, O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiar, N. G. Ranga, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Sheik Galib Sahib, K. Santhanam, B. Shiva Rao, Kallur Subba Rao, U. Srinivasa Mallya, P. Subbarayan, C. Subramaniam, V Subramaniam, M. C. Veerabahu Pillai, P. M. Velayudapani, A. K. Menon, T. J. M. Wilson, Mohamed Ismail Sahib, K. T. M. Ahmed Ibrahim, Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur, B. Pocker Sahib Bahadur, pattam Tanupillai Bombay: Balchandra Maheshwar Gupte, Hansa Mehta, Hari Vinayak Pataskar, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Joseph Alban

Bhadur, Manikya Lal Varma, Gokul Lal Asava, Ramchandra Upadhyaya, Balwant Sinha Mehta, Dalel Singh, Jainarain Vyas Patiala and East Punjab States Union: Ranjit Singh, Sochet Singh, Bhagwant Roy Bombay States: Vinayakrao Balshankar Vaidya, B. N. Munavalli, Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt, Jivraj Narayan Mehta, Gopaldas A. Desai, Paranlal Thakurlal Munshi, B. H. Khardekar, Ratnappa Bharamappa Kumbhar B.N Datar Orissa States: Lal Mohan Pati, N. Madhava Rau, Raj Kunwar, Sarangadhar Das, Yudhishthir Mishra Central Provinces States: R. L. Malaviya, Kishorimohan Tripathi, Ramprasad Potai United Provinces States: B. H. Zaidi, Krishna Singh Madras States: V. Ramaiah, Ramakrishna Ranga Rao Vindhya Pradesh: Avdesh Pratap Singh,

"Content (media)"
the added features included in the medium in which that information was delivered. The medium, however, provides little to no value to the end-user without the information and experiences that make up the content. Communication theory philosopher Marshall McLuhan famously coined the phrase, ""The medium is the message."" In the case of content, the channel through which information is delivered, the ""medium"", affects how the end user perceives content, the ""message"". The author, producer, or publisher of an original source of information or experiences may or may not be directly responsible for the entire value that they attain as content

"Information structure"
Information structure In linguistics, information structure, also called information packaging, describes the way in which information is formally packaged within a sentence. This generally includes only those aspects of information that “respond to the temporary state of the addressee’s mind”, and excludes other aspects of linguistic information such as references to background (encyclopedic/common) knowledge, choice of style, politeness, and so forth. For example, the difference between an active clause (e.g., ""the police want him"") and a corresponding passive (e.g., ""he is wanted by police"") is a syntactic difference, but one motivated by information structuring considerations. Other structures motivated by information

Content (media) In publishing, art, and communication, content is the information and experiences that are directed towards an end-user or audience. Content is ""something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts"". Content can be delivered via many different media including the Internet, cinema, television, smartphones, audio CDs, books, e-books, magazines, and live events, such as speeches, conferences, and stage performances. Content itself is what the user derives value from. Thus, ""content"" can refer to the information provided through the medium, the way in which the information was presented, as well as

structure include preposing (e.g., ""that one I don't like"") and inversion (e.g., """"the end"", said the man""). The basic notions of information structure are focus, givenness, and topic, as well as their complementary notions of background, newness, and comment respectively. Focus “indicates the presence of alternatives that are relevant for the interpretation of linguistic expressions”, givenness indicates that “the denotation of an expression is present” in the immediate context of the utterance, and topic is “the entity that a speaker identifies, about which then information, the comment, is given”. Additional notions in information structure may include contrast and exhaustivity, but

words and information in a discourse that are already known (or given) by virtue of being common knowledge, or by having been discussed previously in the same discourse (""anaphorically recoverable""). Certain theories (such as Roger Schwarzschild's GIVENness Constraint) require all non-focus-marked constituents to be given. Words/information that are not given, or are ""textually and situationally non-derivable"" are by definition ""new"". Information structure In linguistics, information structure, also called information packaging, describes the way in which information is formally packaged within a sentence. This generally includes only those aspects of information that “respond to the temporary state of the addressee’s mind”,

"Content clause"
Content clause In grammar, a content clause is a subordinate clause that provides content implied or commented upon by its main clause. The term was coined by Otto Jespersen. They are also known as ""noun clauses"". There are two main kinds of content clauses: declarative content clauses (or ""that""-clauses), which correspond to declarative sentences, and interrogative content clauses, which correspond to interrogative sentences. Declarative content clauses can have a number of different grammatical roles. They often serve as direct objects of verbs of reporting, cognition, perception, and so on. In this use, the conjunction ""that"" may head the clause, but

"Content creation"
Content creation Content creation is the contribution of information to any media and most especially to digital media for an end-user/audience in specific contexts. Content is ""something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts"" for self-expression, distribution, marketing and/or publication. Typical forms of content creation include maintaining and updating web sites, blogging, photography, videography, online commentary, the maintenance of social media accounts, and editing and distribution of digital media. A Pew survey described content creation as the creation of ""the material people contribute to the online world."" News organizations, especially the

of content. Thus, one finds out that institutions, that used to focus on publishing printed materials, are now publishing both databases and software to combine content from various sources for a wider variety of audiences. While marketing and media interests have broadly adopted the term ""content"", some writers complain about the term's inherent ambiguity. Others assert that the term devalues the work of authors or sets up a false analogy of information as material objects which biases any discussion using the word, and still others argue that it overemphasizes the work of authors. Content (media) In publishing, art, and communication,

Communication
As previously mentioned, language can be characterized as symbolic. Charles Ogden and I.A Richards developed The Triangle of Meaning model to explain the symbol (the relationship between a word), the referent (the thing it describes), and the meaning (the thought associated with the word and the thing). The properties of language are governed by rules. Language follows phonological rules (sounds that appear in a language), syntactic rules (arrangement of words and punctuation in a sentence), semantic rules (the agreed upon meaning of words), and pragmatic rules (meaning derived upon context). The meanings that are attached to words can be literal,

"Content analysis"
categorization and classification of speech, written text, interviews, images, or other forms of communication. In its beginnings, using the first newspapers at the end of the 19th century, analysis was done manually by measuring the number of lines and amount of space given a subject. With the rise of common computing facilities like PCs, computer-based methods of analysis are growing in popularity. Answers to open ended questions, newspaper articles, political party manifestos, medical records or systematic observations in experiments can all be subject to systematic analysis of textual data. By having contents of communication available in form of machine readable

"Aidan (name)"
2000, bestowed on over 62,000 boys, while ""Aiden"" ranking 66th, has been used on over 51,000 boys. Other variants are a bit less popular, such as ""Hayden"" 88th, ""Ayden"" 189th, ""Aden"" 333rd, ""Aydan"" 808th, and ""Aydin"" 960th, according to the United States Social Security Database. ""Aidan/Aiden"" was the most popular boys' name in Canada in 2007. Its popularity is also reflected in the occurrence of similar-sounding names such as Braden, Caden, Hayden, and Jayden. ""Aidan"" (or any reasonable variant) as a girl's name does not appear in the top one thousand names for girls from the same database, although it

Syllabification
a dictionary or using a word processor. Schools usually do not provide much more advice on the topic than to consult a dictionary. In addition, there are differences between British and US syllabification and even between dictionaries of the same English variety. In Finnish, Italian, Portuguese and other nearly phonemically spelled languages, writers can in principle correctly syllabify any existing or newly created word using only general rules. In Finland, children are first taught to hyphenate every word until they produce the correct syllabification reliably, after which the hyphens can be omitted. Syllabification Syllabification () or syllabication () is the

"Nominative use"
the terms of a license agreement between the parties, and they may be prudent (and courteous) as a way of preventing misunderstandings or allegations of passing off. The nominative use doctrine was first enunciated in 1992 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in ""New Kids on the Block v. News America Publishing, Inc."". In ""New Kids on the Block"", the court had examined a ""New Kids on the Block survey"" performed by the defendant, and found that there was no way to ask people their opinion of the band without using its name. For instance, one

Snowclone
Snowclone A snowclone is a cliché and phrasal template that can be used and recognized in multiple variants. The term was coined as a neologism in 2004, derived from journalistic clichés that referred to the number of Eskimo words for snow. The linguistic phenomenon of ""a multi-use, customizable, instantly recognizable, time-worn, quoted or misquoted phrase or sentence that can be used in an entirely open array of different variants"" was originally described by linguist Geoffrey K. Pullum in 2003. Pullum later described snowclones as ""some-assembly-required adaptable cliché frames for lazy journalists."" In an October 2003 post on ""Language Log"", a

"Signifyin'"
critics, however, support Gates and the term Signifyin(g), noting its ""subversive"" nature and ability to bring about change to a system. Signifyin' Signifyin' (sometimes written ""signifyin(g)"") (vernacular), is a wordplay. It is a practice in African-American culture involving a verbal strategy of indirection that exploits the gap between the denotative and figurative meanings of words. A simple example would be insulting someone to show affection. Other names for signifyin' include: ""Dropping lugs, joaning, sounding, capping, snapping, dissing, busting, bagging, janking, ranking, toasting, woofing, putting on, or cracking."" Signifyin' directs attention to the connotative, context-bound significance of words, which is accessible

Hypocorism
uncommon for an adult to be referred to by the diminutive, especially by family, friends and close acquaintances: A short form that differs significantly from the name: Also, initials of complex names are often used as the hypocorism, e.g.: ""Brandon William"" → ""B W"" → ""B Dub"" Esperanto forms nicknames by suffixing ""-njo"" (for females) and ""-ĉjo"" (for males) to the first letter(s) of the basic name or word. (This is the only situation in Esperanto in which a word stem is shortened or otherwise changed in word-building.) ""Informal French"" has a number of diminutive nicknames, although not as systematically

Spanking
use an object. There are many effective alternatives to spanking and other forms of corporal punishment. For example, such techniques include time-ins (increasing attention, praise, and special time to promote desired behaviors), time outs (taking a break from escalating misbehavior), positive reinforcement (rewarding desirable behavior (e.g., with a star, sticker, or treat)), non-physical negative reinforcement (an unpleasant consequence follows misbehavior (e.g., replying with a sharp ""no"" expressing disapproval for a specific action or taking away a privilege)), passive inattention (ignoring low-level misbehaviors and prioritizing attention for more significant forms of misbehavior appropriate for a child's developmental level), and avoidance (avoid

"Naming law"
his proposed law hinting that Muslim names would be forbidden after his anti hijab and anti beard laws. The UK has no law restricting permitted names, but names which contain obscenities, numerals, misleading titles, or are impossible to pronounce are likely to be rejected by the Registering Officer. Restrictions vary by state, and most are imposed for the sake of practicality. For example, several states limit the number of characters in a name, due to limitations in the software used for official record keeping. For similar reasons, some states ban the use of numerals or pictograms. A few states ban

Numeronym
Numeronym A numeronym is a number-based word. Most commonly, a numeronym is a word where a number is used to form an abbreviation (albeit not an acronym or an initialism). Pronouncing the letters and numbers may sound similar to the full word: ""K9"" for ""canine"" (phonetically: ""kay"" + ""nine""). Alternatively, the letters between the first and last are replaced with a number representing the number of letters omitted, such as ""i18n"" for ""internationalization"". Sometimes the last letter is also counted and omitted. These word shortenings are sometimes called ""alphanumeric acronyms"", ""alphanumeric abbreviations"", or ""numerical contractions"". According to Tex Texin, the

"Unisex name"
States. Prior to Jayden, Logan was the most popular unisex name for boys and prior to Madison, Alexis was the most popular unisex name for girls. Many popular nicknames are unisex. Some nicknames, such as Alex and Pat, have become popular as given names in their own right. The following list of unisex nicknames are most commonly seen in English-speaking countries such as Canada, the United States, Australia, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Finnish law bans giving ""female child a male name and male child a female name"" among other restrictions. Some ambiguous names do exist, which have been

active absorption of water from the soil by the root is mainly affected by

Soil
movement of water in soil is the means by which plants acquire it and their nutrients. Most soil water is taken up by plants as passive absorption caused by the pulling force of water evaporating (transpiring) from the long column of water (xylem sap flow) that leads from the plant's roots to its leaves, according to the cohesion-tension theory. The upward movement of water and solutes (hydraulic lift) is regulated in the roots by the endodermis and in the plant foliage by stomatal conductance, and can be interrupted in root and shoot xylem vessels by cavitation, also called ""xylem embolism"".

"Absorption of water"
it is called active absorption. According to Renner, active absorption takes place in low transpiring and well-watered plants, and 4% of total water absorption is carried out in this process. The active absorption is carried out by two theories; active osmotic water absorption and Active non-osmotic water absorption. In this process energy is required. This theory was given by Pari (1910) and Priestley (1921). According to this theory, the root cells behave as an ideal osmotic pressure system through which water moves up from the soil solution to the root xylem along an increasing gradient of D.P.D. (suction pressure, which

of metabolic energy released from respiration of root cells. There is no direct evidence, but some scientists suggest involvement of energy from respiration. In conclusion, it is said that, the evidences supporting active absorption of water are themselves poor. This mechanism is carried out without utilisation of metabolic energy. Here, only the roots act as an organ of absorption or passage. Hence, sometimes it is called water absorption 'through roots', rather 'by' roots. It occurs in rapidly transpiring plants during the daytime, because of the opening of stomata and the atmospheric conditions. The force for absorption of water is created

Absorption of water The absorption of water by plants is essential for various metabolic activities. Terrestrial plants get their water supply from soil which serves as the source of water and [minerals]. The way in which water from soil enters roots, particularly to the root xylem, is called ""mechanism of water absorption"". Both active and passive absorption have been proposed for mechanism of water absorption.This process is known as Conduction Active absorption refers to the absorption of water by roots with the help of ATP, generated by the root respiration: as the root cells actively take part in the process,

is the real force for water absorption). If solute concentration is high and water potential is low in the root cells, water can enter from soil to root cells through endosmosis. Mineral nutrients are absorbed actively by the root cells due to utilisation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As a result, the concentration of ions (osmotica) in the xylem vessels is more in comparison to the soil water. A concentration gradient is established between the root and the soil water. Hence, the solute potential of xylem water is more in comparison to that of soil and correspondingly water potential is low

"Soil respiration"
for a spike in resources for many other bacteria. This rapid increase in available labile substrates causes short-term enhanced soil respiration. Root respiration will increase with increasing soil moisture, especially in dry ecosystems; however, individual species root respiration response to soil moisture will vary widely from species to species depending on life history traits. Upper levels of soil moisture will depress root respiration with the exception of wetland plants, which have developed specific mechanisms for root aeration. Soil moisture levels regulate root respiration, which is essential for nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen directly affects soil respiration in several ways. Nitrogen must be

is due to the lack of oxygen due to greater oxygen consumption by the root as compared to the bulk soil, soil at a greater distance from the root. Another important organism in the rhizosphere are root-infecting fungi or mycorrhizae. These fungi increase the surface area of the plant root and allow the root to encounter and acquire a greater amount of soil nutrients necessary for plant growth. In return for this benefit, the plant will transfer sugars to the fungi. The fungi will respire these sugars for energy thereby increasing soil respiration. Fungi, along with bacteria and soil animals,

"Osmotic dehydration"
Osmotic dehydration Osmotic dehydration is an operation used for the partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hyper-tonic (osmotic) solution. Water removal anuska is based on the natural and non-destructive phenomenon of osmosis across cell membranes. The driving force for the diffusion of water from the tissue into the solution is provided by the higher osmotic pressure of the hyper-tonic solution. The diffusion of water is accompanied by the simultaneous counter diffusion of solutes from the osmotic solution into the tissue. Since the cell membrane responsible for osmotic transport is not perfectly selective, solutes present in

soil. In this zone there is a close interaction between the plant and microorganisms. Roots continuously release substances, or exudates, into the soil. These exudates include sugars, amino acids, vitamins, long chain carbohydrates, enzymes and lysates which are released when roots cells break. The amount of carbon lost as exudates varies considerably between plant species. It has been demonstrated that up to 20% of carbon acquired by photosynthesis is released into the soil as root exudates. These exudates are decomposed primarily by bacteria. These bacteria will respire the carbon compounds through the TCA cycle; however, fermentation is also present. This

"Root rot"
Root rot Root rot is a condition found in both indoor and outdoor plants, although more common in indoor plants with poor drainage. As the name states, the roots of the plant rot. Usually, this is a result of overwatering. In houseplants, it is a very common problem, and is slightly less common in outdoor plants. In both indoor and outdoor plants, it is usually lethal and there is no effective treatment. The excess water makes it very difficult for the roots to get the air that they need, causing them to decay. To avoid root rot, it is best

"Ford F-Series"
the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, buyers of pickup trucks had increasingly purchased the vehicles for the purposes of personal use over work use. To further increase its growing market share, Ford sought to develop vehicles for both types of buyers. In its ultimate decision, the company decided to make the F-150 as a contemporary vehicle for personal use, while the F-250 and F-350 would be designed more conservatively for work-based customers. Introduced in early 1996 as a 1997 model, the F-150 was a completely new vehicle in comparison from its predecessor. Similar to the original Ford Taurus of 1986, the

after losing time due to mechanical failure during the 11th stage, which led to his disqualification for failing to reach the race camp by the designated deadline. The Ford F-150 has won numerous awards; in 2009 alone, it received: Quantities of Ford F-Series trucks sold Sales in 2018 are on track to set new records, with first-half sales at 4.2% more than the first half of the record-setting year 2004. For most of its production, the F-Series was sold in a medium-duty conventional truck configuration alongside the traditional pickup trucks. Beginning in 1948 with the 1½ ton F-5 (later F-500),

the Super Duty trucks use a different platform architecture, powertrain, and design language, primarily as they are intended for heavy-duty work use. Designed in a joint venture with Navistar International, the medium-duty F-650/F-750 Super Duty were introduced in 2000. For the 2004 model year, the F-150 was redesigned on an all-new platform. Externally, the eleventh-generation model was different from its predecessor, with sharper-edged styling; a major change was the adoption of the stepped driver's window from the Super Duty trucks. Regardless of cab type, all F-150s were given four doors, with the rear doors on the regular cab providing access

larger grille and head lamps. Previously available only as a chassis-cab model, the F-450 now was available as a pickup directly from Ford. From 2004 to 2006 offered a different bed style as well. The twelfth generation F-150 was introduced for the 2009 model year as an update of the Ford full-size truck platform. Similar to its predecessor, these trucks are distinguished by their Super Duty-style grilles and head lamps; standard cab models again have two-doors instead of four. The FlareSide bed was continued until 2010, dropped along with the manual gearbox; outside of Mexico, the Lincoln Mark LT was

than Coca-Cola and Nike. In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components. As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks. The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation. Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all

"Cessna 150"
the 150 or 152. All models from 1966 onwards have larger doors and increased baggage space. With the 1967 Model 150G the doors were bowed outwards on each side to provide more cabin elbow room. A total of 22,138 Cessna 150s were built in the United States, including 21,404 Commuters and 734 Aerobats. Reims Aviation completed 1,764 F-150s, of which 1,428 were Commuters and 336 were Aerobats. A Reims affiliate in Argentina also assembled 47 F-150s, including 38 Commuters and 9 Aerobats. Of all the Cessna 150-152 models, the 1966 model year was the most plentiful with 3,067 1966 Cessna

"Ford Model F"
had green bodies. Ford Model F The Ford Model F is an automobile produced by Ford. It was a development of the Model A and Model C, but was larger, more modern, and more luxurious. Production started in 1905 and ended in 1906 after about 1,000 were made. It was built at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant. It was a four-seater phaeton with running boards and a side-entrance tonneau standard. It was priced from to ; by contrast, the Colt Runabout was $1,500, the FAL was $1,750, the Cole 30 $1,500, the Enger 40 $2,000, and the Lozier Light Six

"Ford F-Series (first generation)"
Ford F-Series (first generation) The first-generation Ford F-Series is a series of pickup trucks and commercial vehicles produced by Ford. Introduced in late 1947, the F-Series was the first post-war truck design from Ford. The first generation of the F-Series would remain in production until 1952. F-Series trucks were assembled at sixteen different Ford factories. Serial numbers indicate the truck model, engine, year, assembly plant, and unit number. The most common model was the F-1 with a 6 ½-foot bed followed by the F-2 and F-3 Express models with an bed. The first F-Series truck (known as the Ford Bonus-Built)

landing gear, which is easier to learn to use than the tailwheel landing gear of the Cessna 140, and replacing the rounded wingtips and horizontal and vertical stabilizers with more modern, squared-off profiles. In addition, the narrow, hinged wing flaps of the 140 were replaced by larger, far more effective Fowler flaps. The Cessna 150 prototype first flew on September 12, 1957, with production commencing in September 1958 at Cessna's Wichita, Kansas plant. 1,764 aircraft were also produced by Reims Aviation under license in France. These French manufactured 150s were designated Reims F-150, the ""F"" indicating they were built in

Ford Model F The Ford Model F is an automobile produced by Ford. It was a development of the Model A and Model C, but was larger, more modern, and more luxurious. Production started in 1905 and ended in 1906 after about 1,000 were made. It was built at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant. It was a four-seater phaeton with running boards and a side-entrance tonneau standard. It was priced from to ; by contrast, the Colt Runabout was $1,500, the FAL was $1,750, the Cole 30 $1,500, the Enger 40 $2,000, and the Lozier Light Six Metropolitan $3,250. All

2018, Ryan announced he would not seek re-election in the 2018 mid-terms, and will also relinquish the office of Speaker when his term ends in 2019. The House of Representatives elects the Speaker of the House on the first day of every new Congress and in the event of the death, resignation or removal from the Chair of an incumbent Speaker. The Clerk of the House of Representatives requests nominations: there are normally two, one from each major party (each party having previously met to decide on its nominee). The Clerk then calls the roll of the Representatives, each Representative

"2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election"
been elected from House membership. The 435 members of the House of Representatives elect a Speaker by majority rule at the beginning of each session of the United States Congress, who serves until the end of the Congress. Typically, the election is a formality, as the majority party's members vote as a bloc for their party's previously-chosen Speaker-nominee (such as the speaker, majority leader, or minority leader from the previous term). Open elections are uncommon but have occurred. The last Speaker election to require multiple ballots occurred in 1923. The Democratic caucus vote was held on November 28, 2018. The

the House votes by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and members respond either ""yea"" or ""aye"" (in favor of the motion) or ""nay"" or ""no"" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote. A member may however challenge the presiding officer's assessment and ""request the yeas and nays"" or ""request a recorded vote"". The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one-fifth of the members present. In practice, however, members of congress second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy. Some votes are always recorded, such

government takes the Speaker's place in the line of succession seriously enough that, for example, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Speakers used military jets to fly back and forth to their districts and for other travel until Speaker Boehner discontinued the practice in 2011. The Speaker of the House is one of the officers to whom declarations of presidential inability or ability to resume the Presidency must be addressed under the Twenty-fifth Amendment. To be elected as Speaker, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, excluding those who abstain. The most

indicating the surname of the candidate the Representative is supporting. Representatives are not restricted to voting for one of the nominated candidates and may vote for any person, even for someone who is not a member of the House at all, and a few individuals have cast protest votes for non-members since 1997. They may also abstain by voting ""present"". Although no rule exists, based on tradition and practice from the earliest days of the nation, to be elected speaker a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, i.e. excluding those who abstain. If no

Congress assembled to count electoral votes and to certify the results of a presidential election. The Speaker is also responsible for overseeing the officers of the House: the Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. The Speaker can dismiss any of these officers. The Speaker appoints the House Historian and the General Counsel and, jointly with the Majority and Minority Leaders, appoints the House Inspector General. The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession, immediately after the Vice President, under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. The Speaker is followed in the line of succession

consider it. As a member of the House, the Speaker is entitled to participate in debate and to vote. Ordinarily, the Speaker votes only when the Speaker's vote would be decisive or on matters of great importance, such as constitutional amendments or major legislation. Because joint sessions and joint meetings of Congress are held in the House chamber, the Speaker presides over joint sessions to hear addresses by the President, and joint meetings to hear addresses from foreign leaders or other invited guests. However, the Twelfth Amendment and require that the President of the Senate preside over joint sessions of

the President if no presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the House to choose from the three candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. The Constitution provides that ""the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote."" It is rare for no presidential candidate to receive a majority of electoral votes. In the history of the United States, the House has only had to choose a President twice. In 1800, which was before the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, it elected Thomas Jefferson over

"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives"
the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably, Tom DeLay was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House

did not run for re-election to the House. The Democratic caucus assuming control of the House in January will have a preponderance of voting influence in selecting the next Speaker. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has

"The O.C. (season 3)"
main cast member Alan Dale did not return due to his character, Caleb, dying at the end of the second season, while Tate Donovan, as Jimmy Cooper, returned only in a recurring role, and then only for the first three episodes of the season. Logan Marshall-Green returned for the season premiere, portraying Trey Atwood, comatosed as a result of the shooting in the second-season finale. Additionally Navi Rawat, Samaire Armstrong, Daphne Ashbrook and Nikki Griffin all made brief returns to guest star as Theresa Diaz, Anna Stern, Dawn Atwood, and Jess Sathers, respectively. Willa Holland took over from Shailene Woodley

"Dee Bliss"
reprised her role in September 2016 and Dee made a brief return from 9 January 2017, in a series of dream sequences experienced by her former husband Toadfish Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney). West, however, continued to appear on the show as Andrea Somers, a woman who impersonates Dee in an attempt to receive money from the Bliss family estate. West was enrolled in university studying law, when she decided to try acting and found an agent. She secured the role of Dee three days later. West said ""It happened pretty quickly. I got the agent, then I went to the audition

"Spooks (series 3)"
and guest appearances. Megan Dodds returns as CIA liaison Christine Dale in the first episode. Tim McInnerny recurs as JIC chairman Oliver Mace. McInnerny was better known as a comedic actor, particularly for his role in ""Blackadder"", but the producers felt that quality made Mace a more menacing character. Richard Harrington plays Will North, Zoe's boyfriend turned fiancé. Ian McDiarmid guest stars as Fred Roberts. The producers noted that McDiarmid played Roberts with the right amount of vulnerability, strength and stubbornness. Indian actor Anupam Kher appears as Harakat in ""Who Guards the Guards?"". Oyelowo stated that Kher had an ""instant

""smile more,"" despite the fact that Harry is a serious man. Nicola Walker returns as Ruth Evershed. First appearing in the second series, Walker felt more like the ""new girl,"" but felt more experienced upon her return to the third. Shauna Macdonald also returns as Sam Buxton. The five-month filming gap between series two and three left Macdonald ""a bit de-Spookified"" as she was more focused on her film career. Hugh Simon and Rory MacGregor return as Malcolm Wynn-Jones and Colin Wells, respectively. When the producers knew Macfadyen would leave, the producers decided to introduce new cast members, one of

"Psych (season 3)"
to permanent Chief of the SBPD. Sage Brocklebank continued in his role as Officer Buzz McNab in six episodes. Liam James portrayed young Shawn, while Carlos McCullers II continued to play young Gus. Cybill Shepherd joined the cast as Madeleine Spencer for three episodes. Rachael Leigh Cook also joined the show, as Abigail Lytar. Phylicia Rashad reprised her role as Winnie Guster, while the role of Bill Guster was turned over to Keith David. Ally Sheedy made her first appearance as the deranged serial killer Mr. Yang. Jimmi Simpson also made his debut on the show, as Mary Lightly. Other

"3 Deewarein"
the sidewalk while they were in the middle of a heated argument. Ishaan (Naseeruddin Shah), a happy-go-lucky man, is also arrested for murder that he commits while in the act of robbery. The prison's custodian is Mohan (Gulshan Grover), who attempts several methods to reform the prison's inmates. A documentary filmmaker, Chandrika (Juhi Chawla) comes to the jail to set a film about these three men. In the process, she finds redemption to her troubled marriage. During the film's premiere at the Kolkata Film Festival, writer-director Nagesh Kukunoor explained his thoughts behind the film's story: I was intrigued by the

"Agent J"
Agent J Agent J (born James Darrell Edwards III, and also called Jay, or just J) is a fictional MIB agent in the film ""Men in Black"", its sequels ""Men in Black II"" and ""Men in Black 3"", and """". Jay is portrayed by Will Smith in the three films and voiced by Keith Diamond in the animated series. Not much is known of the life of James Darrell Edwards III prior to being recruited into Men in Black. His appearance as a small child in 1969 in ""Men in Black 3"" would place his year of birth in 1965.

in portraying Marissa's younger sister Kaitlin, who returns to the show after being away at boarding school last year. Cast member Michael Nouri continued as Summer's dad, Dr. Neil Roberts, who became a larger part of the series. Other actors to leave the series were Nicholas Gonzalez (D.J.), Michael Cassidy (Zach), Shannon Lucio (Lindsay), Olivia Wilde (Alex), Billy Campbell (Carter), Kim Delaney (Rebecca), Johnny Messner (Lance), Kathleen York (Renee), and Marguerite Moreau (Reed). The season introduced a number of new students to the show. Additions to the cast included Autumn Reeser, Cam Gigandet, Ryan Donowho and Johnny Lewis, as new

social chair Taylor Townsend, rival surfers Kevin Volchok and Johnny Harper, and Johnny's best friend Chili. Jeri Ryan and Jeff Hephner also joined the cast to portray new adult characters Charlotte Morgan, a mysterious woman Kirsten befriends in rehab, and Matt Ramsey, an overzealous business partner working at the Newport Group. New guest stars in recurring roles included Paula Trickey as Taylor's mother, Veronica Townsend; Erin Foster as a Newport Union student called Heather; Kayla Ewell and Nikki Reed as Johnny's girlfriend, Casey, and cousin Sadie; Eric Mabius as new Dean of Discipline, Jack Hess; Shaun Duke as Henry Griffin,

"The Expendables 3"
condition that he would have more than a minor role. Jackie Chan later dropped out of the project due to scheduling conflicts. In March 2013, Sylvester Stallone confirmed he was writing a script for the sequel and that he intended for the film to be more humorous with moments of drama. Sylvester Stallone also said that Steven Seagal would not be in the film and that he wanted to cast more young actors in their mid-20s. In April 2013, Sylvester Stallone announced that Patrick Hughes would direct the sequel. In May 2013, Jackie Chan, Wesley Snipes, Nicolas Cage and Milla

"Chris Hemsworth"
Chris Hemsworth Christopher Hemsworth (born 11 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He rose to prominence playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series ""Home and Away"" (2004–07). Hemsworth has also appeared in the science fiction action film ""Star Trek"" (2009), the thriller adventure ""A Perfect Getaway"" (2009), the horror comedy ""The Cabin in the Woods"" (2012), the dark-fantasy action film ""Snow White and the Huntsman"" (2012), the war film ""Red Dawn"" (2012), and the biographical sports drama film ""Rush"" (2013). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe he portrays the role of Thor, beginning in ""Thor"" (2011), and also appearing in

"The Avengers (2012 film)"
Marvel: Jon Favreau was brought in as an executive producer for the film, and the company signed a long-term lease with Raleigh Studios to produce three other big-budget films—""Iron Man 2"", ""Thor"" (2011), and """" (2011)—at their Manhattan Beach, California complex. Lou Ferrigno, who voiced Hulk in ""The Incredible Hulk"", stated that he would be involved in the film. In February 2009, Samuel L. Jackson signed a nine-picture deal with Marvel Entertainment to play Nick Fury in ""Iron Man 2"" and other films. In September 2009, Edward Norton, who played Bruce Banner in ""The Incredible Hulk"" stated that he was

"Thor (film)"
Thor (film) Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Kenneth Branagh, written by the writing team of Ashley Edward Miller and Zack Stentz along with Don Payne, and stars Chris Hemsworth as the title character, alongside Natalie Portman, Tom Hiddleston, Stellan Skarsgård, Colm Feore, Ray Stevenson, Idris Elba, Kat Dennings, Rene Russo, and Anthony Hopkins. The film sees Thor banished to Earth from Asgard, stripped

was released on November 3, 2017, directed by Taika Waititi. Eric Pearson and Craig Kyle & Christopher Yost wrote the screenplay, with Kevin Feige again producing. Hemsworth, Hiddleston, Hopkins, Elba, Asano, Zachary Levi, and Stevenson reprised their roles as Thor, Loki, Odin, Heimdall, Hogun, Fandral, and Volstagg, respectively, while Mark Ruffalo and Benedict Cumberbatch appeared as Bruce Banner / Hulk and Stephen Strange respectively, reprising their roles from previous MCU films. Cate Blanchett, Tessa Thompson, Jeff Goldblum and Karl Urban joined the cast as Hela, Valkyrie, Grandmaster, and Skurge, respectively. Thor (film) Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based

the ""Iron Man"" films. Adriana Barraza plays diner owner Isabella Alvarez and Maximiliano Hernández plays S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Jasper Sitwell. Joseph Gatt, Joshua Cox, and Douglas Tait portray Frost Giants. Stan Lee and J. Michael Straczynski have cameo appearances as pick-up truck drivers, Walter Simonson has a cameo appearance as one of the guests at a large Asgardian banquet, and Samuel L. Jackson and Jeremy Renner have uncredited cameos as Nick Fury and Clint Barton, respectively. Sam Raimi originally envisioned the idea for ""Thor"" after making ""Darkman"" (1990); he met Stan Lee and pitched the concept to 20th Century Fox, but

Tom Hiddleston, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Stellan Skarsgård, and Samuel L. Jackson. In the film, Nick Fury, director of the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D., recruits Tony Stark, Captain America, the Hulk, and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth. The film's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005. After the success of the film ""Iron Man"" in May 2008, Marvel announced that ""The Avengers"" would be released in July 2011. With the signing of Johansson in March 2009, the film was pushed back for a 2012 release.

"Thor (Marvel Comics)"
a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers, appearing in each volume of that series. The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series, movies, video games, clothing, toys and trading cards. The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie ""The Incredible Hulk Returns"". Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor Odinson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films ""Thor"", ""The Avengers"", """", """", ""Doctor Strange"", """", """" and will reprise his role in """" in 2019. Additionally, archival footage of Hemsworth as Thor was used in the episodes ""Pilot""

The Avengers (2012 film) Marvel's The Avengers (classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland), or simply The Avengers, is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, and Jeremy Renner as the titular Avengers team, alongside

male actors who are ""pushing – or being pushed"" onto the Hollywood ""A-List"". Sony Pictures announced in 2011 that Hemsworth would star in the thriller ""Shadow Runner"", which did not subsequently go into production . Perhaps most famously known for his role as the Marvel Comics superhero Thor in the 2011 Marvel Studios film ""Thor"". He and castmate Tom Hiddleston, who ultimately played Loki, had each auditioned for the role, for which Hemsworth said he put on 20 pounds of muscle. Hemsworth reprised the role in the 2012 film ""The Avengers"" as one of the six superheroes sent to defend

"Rick D. Wasserman"
Rick D. Wasserman Rick Darrin Wasserman (born October 17, 1973) is an American voice, stage and television actor. He was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He graduated from Temple University with a BA in Theatre in 1995 and later from the University of Missouri with a MFA in Acting in 1998. His best known voice over roles include Thor and other characters on """", Clayface in """", Nicholai Ginovaef in """" and The Hulk in ""Planet Hulk"". Wasserman has had a prolific career on stage since the late 1990s. In 2000, he played Irving Berlin in The Wilma Theater's production of

"Baby Boom (U.S. TV series)"
Baby Boom (U.S. TV series) Baby Boom is an American sitcom series starring Kate Jackson. The series is based on the 1987 film ""Baby Boom"". The pilot premiered September 10, 1988 on NBC, and the series began on November 2, 1988. Sam Wanamaker and the baby twins Kristina & Michelle Kennedy reprised their roles from the movie, but otherwise, the characters picked up from the original film were cast with new actors. J.C. Wiatt was played by Kate Jackson, Helga Von Haupt by Joy Behar and Charlotte Elkman by Susie Essman. At the insistence of series creators Nancy Meyers and

"Hera Agathon"
be Athena, Boomer smuggles Hera onto a Raptor inside a provisions container (Athena had planned to leave on an extended mission) and jumps away. In the final episode, it is revealed that Hera is apparently the Mitochondrial Eve and lived 150,000 years before the present day. Her remains (described as being those of a ""young woman"") are recovered by the Smithsonian Institution in modern-day Tanzania. Hera Agathon Isis or Hera Agathon is a fictional character from the reimagined ""Battlestar Galactica"" series. ""Isis"" or ""Hera"" is the first, and only, known Cylon-Human hybrid child to be born and she first appears

"Kara Thrace"
claims is their daughter, created with the ovary removed when she was in the egg farm. Initially she refuses to believe it and wants nothing to do with the girl, but when Kacey is badly injured in a fall down a staircase, she calls on Leoben for help and seems to grow more attached to both of them. During the uprising on New Caprica, however, Starbuck once again kills Leoben and escapes with Kacey. In the episode ""Exodus"" Part II, it is revealed Kacey is not Starbuck's child; the Cylons had abducted her. Kacey and her real mother are reunited

"Kes (Star Trek)"
while studying to become his medical assistant. While helping the Doctor develop a better bedside manner and overall set of social skills, Kes pushes for the crew to treat him as a human instead of just a hologram. The Vidiians harvest Neelix's lung in """", leading to Kes donating one of her own to save his life. During ""Elogium"", emanations from space-dwelling lifeforms cause Kes to prematurely enter the elogium, the Ocampa female reproductive state. This condition can only occur once during a Ocampa life cycle. Kes and Neelix disagree over the idea of having children. Neelix eventually agrees to

"Downloaded (Battlestar Galactica)"
""Boomer"" Valerii, a sleeper agent who was a member of the crew of ""Galactica"". The concept of a Cylon-centric episode was proposed long before the episode aired, in an episode which would have seen the Cylons discuss their equivalent of the ""Final Solution"". ""Downloaded"" instead focuses on showing the personality of the Cylon race, in particular, Caprica-Six and Boomer. The episode was universally well-received despite its unconventional format. The episode primarily takes place on Cylon-occupied Caprica. After the Fall of the Twelve Colonies, the copy of Number Six (Tricia Helfer) that was responsible for disabling the Colonial defense system (affectionately

"Baby Boom (film)"
Baby Boom (film) Baby Boom is a 1987 romantic comedy film directed by Charles Shyer, written by Nancy Meyers and Shyer, and produced by Meyers and Bruce A. Block for United Artists. It stars Diane Keaton as a yuppie who discovers that a long-lost cousin has died, leaving her a six-month-old baby girl as inheritance. The film received generally favorable reviews and was a modest box-office success during its original run, eventually grossing $26 million. The film launched a subsequent television show, running from 1988 to 1989, and was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. J. C. Wiatt (Diane Keaton)

"Da Boom"
Goldman and Garrett Donovan and directed by Bob Jaques. The episode featured guest performances by Patrick Duffy, Victoria Principal, Jack Perkins, Will Sasso, and Joey Slotnick along with several recurring voice actors for the series. This is the first episode that aired to feature Mila Kunis as the voice of Meg Griffin. The episode was rated TV-14-V for intense violence when it airs on Adult Swim, but on other channels, the episode is rated TV-14 DLSV for intensely suggestive dialogue (D), strong coarse language (L), intense sexual situations (S), and intense violence (V). On December 31, 1999, Quahog prepares for

"Data (Star Trek)"
text. In ""Genesis"", the morphogenetic virus ""Barclay's protomorphosis disease"" temporarily mutates Spot into an iguana-like reptile. Spot's kittens are not affected, leading to the discovery of the mechanism and a cure for the virus. Spot is notoriously unfriendly to most people other than Data. Commander William Riker once received serious scratches while trying to feed Spot (""""). Geordi La Forge borrowed her to experience taking care of a cat, but she knocked over a vase and teapot and damaged his furniture (""""). When Data asked Worf to take care of Spot, Worf proved to be allergic to her and sneezed

"Cylon (reimagining)"
steals launch codes for the civilian ships trapped on New Caprica. She is discovered by D'Anna, who informs her that Hera is still alive, citing strange dreams and a prophecy by a human mystic as proof. Athena, believing this to be a ruse, kneecaps D'Anna. During the exodus from New Caprica, Hera's caregiver is killed and D'Anna finds the baby. Boomer later tells Athena that Hera lives. Athena has Helo kill her (Athena), allowing her to download into a new body within the Cylon fleet. With the help of Caprica Six, she rescues Hera and returns to ""Galactica"". Eight is

"Tamara Johansen"
first appearance in the pilot episode, ""Air"", first broadcast in the United States and Canada in 2009. It was later revealed Johansen is pregnant with Colonel Young's child after the two had an affair before being stranded on the ship. Johansen comes from a modest background and dreamed of being a doctor, but couldn't afford medical school. Instead, she joined the Air Force. However, after receiving a scholarship, she elected to leave the Stargate program to attend medical school, much to the dismay of IOA representative Camile Wray. After Doctor Simms dies during the attack on the Icarus Base, she

"Lincoln Park"
Lincoln Park Lincoln Park is a park situated along Lake Michigan on North Side in Chicago, Illinois. Named after US President Abraham Lincoln, it is the city's largest public park and stretches for seven miles (11 km) from Grand Avenue (500 N) on the south to near Ardmore Avenue (5800 N) on the north, just north of the Lake Shore Drive terminus at Hollywood Avenue. Several museums and a zoo are located between North Avenue (1600 N) and Diversey Parkway (2800 N) in the eponymous neighborhood. Further to the north, the park is characterized by parkland, beaches, recreational areas, nature

during the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests. In 2004 the Lincoln Park Lagooners were inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame. Lincoln Park Lincoln Park is a park situated along Lake Michigan on North Side in Chicago, Illinois. Named after US President Abraham Lincoln, it is the city's largest public park and stretches for seven miles (11 km) from Grand Avenue (500 N) on the south to near Ardmore Avenue (5800 N) on the north, just north of the Lake Shore Drive terminus at Hollywood Avenue. Several museums and a zoo are located between North Avenue (1600

"Griffith Park"
Griffith Park Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The park covers of land, making it one of the largest urban parks in North America. It is the second-largest city park in California, after Mission Trails Preserve in San Diego, and the 11th largest municipally owned park in the United States. It has also been referred to as the Central Park of Los Angeles but is much larger, more untamed, and rugged than its New York City counterpart. After successfully investing in

"City Park (New Orleans)"
City Park (New Orleans) City Park, a public park in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the 87th largest and 20th-most-visited urban public park in the United States. City Park is approximately 50% larger than Central Park in New York City, the municipal park recognized by Americans nationwide as the archetypal urban greenspace. Although it is an urban park whose land is owned by the City of New Orleans, it is administered by the City Park Improvement Association, an arm of state government, not by the New Orleans Parks and Parkways Department. City Park is unusual in that it is a largely

"Golden Gate Park"
Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park. Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape but 20 percent larger than Central Park in New York, to which it is often compared. It is over three miles () long east to west, and about half a mile () north to south. With 13 million visitors annually, Golden Gate is the fifth

"Central Park"
Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City. It is located between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side, roughly bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park West (Eighth Avenue) on the west, Central Park South (59th Street) on the south, and Central Park North (110th Street) on the north. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013, and one of the most filmed locations in the world. In terms of area, Central Park is the fifth-largest park in New York City,

of water, all artificial. The largest lake is the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir, so named since 1994. It was constructed between 1858 and 1862. Covering an area of between 86th and 96th Streets, the reservoir reaches a depth of more than in places and contains about of water. The Reservoir is best known to New Yorkers for the jogging track around it. The Ramble and Lake south of the Great Lawn covers nearly . Built on a former swamp, it was designed by Olmsted and Vaux to accommodate boats in the summer and ice skaters in winter. The Lake was

at Hellman Hollow. Since the park's conception, over 5,000 concerts have been held in the park. Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park. Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape but 20 percent larger than Central Park in New York, to which it is often compared. It is over three miles () long east to west, and about half

in a public-private partnership. The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park's $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park. Central Park, which has been a National Historic Landmark since 1962, was designed by landscape architect and writer Frederick Law Olmsted and the English architect Calvert Vaux in 1858 after winning a design competition. They also designed Brooklyn's Prospect Park. Central Park is the fifth-largest park in New York City, behind Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Van Cortlandt Park, the Staten Island Greenbelt, and Pelham Bay Park. Central Park is

"Loring Park"
Loring Park Loring Park, on the southwest corner of downtown Minneapolis, is the largest park in the Central Community of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It also lends its name to the surrounding neighborhood. Loring Park hosts several annual events including the Twin Cities Pride Festival and the Loring Park Artists' Festival. The park contains a small lake (Loring Lake, formerly known as Johnson's Lake) and paths for walking and biking. Originally named Central Park, it was renamed in honor of Charles M. Loring, known as the ""Father of Minneapolis Parks."" The park is the site of various cultural, social and political events.

"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
For Whom the Bell Tolls For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia. The novel is regarded as one of Hemingway's best works, along with ""The Sun Also Rises"", ""A Farewell to Arms"", and ""The Old Man and the Sea"". Ernest Hemingway wrote ""For Whom the Bell Tolls"" in Havana,

"Song of the Bell"
Song of the Bell The ""Song of the Bell"" (German: ""Das Lied von der Glocke"", also translated as ""The Lay of the Bell"") is a poem that the German poet Friedrich Schiller published in 1798. It is one of the most famous poems of German literature and with 430 lines also one of the longest. In it, Schiller combines a knowledgeable technical description of a bell founding with points of view and comments on human life, its possibilities and risks. As a small boy Schiller came in contact with the trade of bell founding because Georg Friderich Neubert, the son

"Jonathan Battishill"
Jonathan Battishill Jonathan Battishill (May 1738 – 10 December 1801) was an English composer, keyboard player, and concert tenor. He began his career as a composer writing theatre music but later devoted himself to working as an organist and composer for the Church of England. He is considered one of the outstanding 18th century English composers of church music and is best remembered today for his seven-part anthem ""Call to Remembrance"", which has long survived in the repertoires of cathedral choirs. Battishill was born in London. Beginning at the age of nine, he sang as a chorister at St. Paul's

nearly fatal illness) published in 1624 as ""Devotions upon Emergent Occasions"", specifically . Hemingway quotes part of the meditation (using Donne's original spelling) in the book's epigraph, which in turn refers to the practice of funeral tolling: The point made by the choice of this title and epigraph is that the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, a major topic of debate in Western intellectual and political circles, is not of importance only to Spaniards; it matters to everyone. Furthermore, the title and epigraph can be interpreted as a reference to the themes of death within the novel, particularly between the

Sorbian, Romanian, etc., not counting all the translations into various German dialects. Song of the Bell The ""Song of the Bell"" (German: ""Das Lied von der Glocke"", also translated as ""The Lay of the Bell"") is a poem that the German poet Friedrich Schiller published in 1798. It is one of the most famous poems of German literature and with 430 lines also one of the longest. In it, Schiller combines a knowledgeable technical description of a bell founding with points of view and comments on human life, its possibilities and risks. As a small boy Schiller came in contact

"The Bells (poem)"
The Bells (poem) ""The Bells"" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the diacopic use of the word ""bells."" The poem has four parts to it; each part becomes darker and darker as the poem progresses from ""the jingling and the tinkling"" of the bells in part 1 to the ""moaning and the groaning"" of the bells in part 4. This poem can be interpreted in many different ways, the most basic of which is simply a reflection of the sounds that

"Ring Out, Wild Bells"
Ring Out, Wild Bells ""Ring Out, Wild Bells"" is a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Published in 1850, the year he was appointed Poet Laureate, it forms part of ""In Memoriam"", Tennyson's elegy to Arthur Henry Hallam, his sister's fiancé who died at the age of twenty-two. According to a story widely held in Waltham Abbey, and repeated on many websites (see two examples below), the 'wild bells' in question were the bells of the Abbey Church. According to the local story, Tennyson was staying at High Beach in the vicinity and heard the bells being rung on New Year's

"Carl Michael Bellman"
Carl Michael Bellman Carl Michael Bellman (; 4 February 1740 – 11 February 1795) was a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet and entertainer. He is a central figure in the Swedish song tradition and remains a powerful influence in Swedish music, as well as in Scandinavian literature, to this day. He has been compared to Shakespeare, Beethoven, Mozart, and Hogarth, but his gift, using elegantly rococo classical references in comic contrast to sordid drinking and prostitution—at once regretted and celebrated in song—is unique. Bellman is best known for two collections of poems set to music, ""Fredman's songs"" (""Fredmans sånger"") and

"Thomas Osbert Mordaunt"
Mortality"". ""One Crowded Hour"", Tim Bowden's biography about the Australian combat cameraman Neil Davis, takes its title from a phrase used in ""The Call"". Thomas Osbert Mordaunt Thomas Osbert Mordaunt (1730–1809) was a British officer and poet, known for ""The Call"". Mordaunt was the son of Charles Mordaunt, also a soldier. His grandfather, Brigadier-General Lewis Mordaunt, was the younger brother of Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, sometime First Lord of the Treasury. Mordaunt is best remembered for his oft-quoted poem ""The Call"", written during the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763: For many years, the poem was incorrectly attributed to

"Poems by Edgar Allan Poe"
death, ""The Bells"" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem known for its repetition. ""The Beloved Physician"" was written around April 1847 for Mary-Louise Shew, a nurse who also inspired Poe's more famous poem, ""The Bells"". The poem was originally ten stanzas long, although a version with nine stanzas was supposedly prepared by Poe for publication . It was never printed during his lifetime, and it now appears to be lost. Shew was able to recall about a tenth of a poem in a letter to editor John W. Ingham in 1875; these fragments were published in 1909, and appear to be

City
fifth of the population said to live in shantytowns (favelas, poblaciones callampas, etc.). Batam, Indonesia, Mogadishu, Somalia, Xiamen, China and Niamey, Niger, are considered among the world's fastest-growing cities, with annual growth rates of 5–8%. In general, the more developed countries of the ""Global North"" remain more urbanized than the less developed countries of the ""Global South""—but the difference continues to shrink because urbanization is happening faster in the latter group. Asia is home to by far the greatest absolute number of city-dwellers: over two billion and counting. The UN predicts an additional 2.5 billion citydwellers (and 300 million fewer

City
17% in 1801 to 72% in 1891. In 1900, 15% of the world population lived in cities. The cultural appeal of cities also plays a role in attracting residents. Urbanization rapidly spread across the Europe and the Americas and since the 1950s has taken hold in Asia and Africa as well. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, reported in 2014 that for the first time more than half of the world population lives in cities. Latin America is the most urban continent, with four fifths of its population living in cities, including one

Megacity
two or more metropolitan areas that converge. The terms conurbation, metropolis, and metroplex are also applied to the latter. The term ""metacity"" has been used to describe metropolitan conurbations containing over 20 million people. As of 2017, there are 47 megacities in existence. Most of these urban agglomerations are in China and other countries of Asia. The largest are the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Shanghai, and Jakarta, each having over 30 million inhabitants. China alone has 15 megacities, and India has six. Other countries with megacities include the United States, Brazil and Pakistan, each with two. This is the list

"Number of urban areas by country"
(including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the European Union and Switzerland (e.g. Lille–Kortrijk in both France and Belgium, Aachen–Vaals in both Germany and Netherlands, Saarbrücken–Forbach in both Germany and France, Geneva–Annemasse in both Switzerland and France, and Basel–Lörrach–Saint-Louis in Switzerland, Germany and France). Thus, Detroit–Windsor in both the United States and Canada, and San Diego–Tijuana in both the United States and Mexico are not treated as single urban areas. Moreover, Shenzhen–Hong Kong is treated as separate urban areas, principally because labor movement between the two is limited, with the

"Demographics of the world"
seven billion, In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in urban areas. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in urban areas by the end of the year. Problems for humans living in cities include various forms of pollution and crime, especially in inner city and suburban slums. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. The World has hundreds of major cities spread across 6 continents. Most are in coastal regions. , the World had 62 metropolitan

Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Philadelphia, Washington, Miami, Atlanta, and Boston, with New York City being the largest. The smallest is Carson City, Nevada. The capital city, Kabul, has grown to become the country's sole metropolis, and is the only city with more than one million people. In the People's Republic of Bangladesh, there are eleven metropolitan areas: Dhaka North, Dhaka South, Gazipur, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet, Barisal, and Rangpur. Lands are highly priced and residents are considered to have a better urban lifestyle. Special police departments are allotted for the metropolitan cities, and there are city corporations for which mayors

2014 law allowed any group of communes to cooperate in a larger administrative division called a ""métropole"". One métropole, Lyon, also has status as a department. France's national statistics institute, Insee, designates 12 of the country's urban areas as ""metropolitan areas"". Paris, Lyon and Marseille are the biggest, the other nine being Toulouse, Lille, Bordeaux, Nice, Nantes, Strasbourg, Rennes, Grenoble and Montpellier. The largest German city by administrative borders is Berlin, while Rhine-Ruhr is the largest metropolitan area (with more than 10 million people). The importance of a city is measured with three groups of indicators, also called metropolitan functions:

Megacity
of the world's largest cities and metropolitan areas by population as of 2016. The term ""megacity"" entered common use in the late 19th or early 20th centuries; one of the earliest documented uses of the term was by the University of Texas in 1904. Initially the United Nations used the term to describe cities of 8 million or more inhabitants, but now uses the threshold of 10 million. In 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, a figure that rose to 47% by the end of the twentieth century. In 1950, there were 83 cities with populations

City
countrydwellers) worldwide by 2050, with 90% of urban population expansion occurring in Asia and Africa. Megacities, cities with population in the multi-millions, have proliferated into the dozens, arising especially in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Economic globalization fuels the growth of these cities, as new torrents of foreign capital arrange for rapid industrialization, as well as relocation of major businesses from Europe and North America, attracting immigrants from near and far. A deep gulf divides rich and poor in these cities, with usually contain a super-wealthy elite living in gated communities and large masses of people living in substandard housing

Megacity
of up to one million people. From around 1825 to 1918 London was the largest city in the world, with the population growing rapidly; it was the first city to reach a population of over 5 million in 1900. In 1950, New York City was the only urban area with a population of over 10 million. Geographers had identified 25 such areas as of October 2005, as compared with 19 megacities in 2004 and only nine in 1985. This increase has happened as the world's population moves towards the high (75–85%) urbanization levels of North America and Western Europe. Since

"Mona Lisa"
portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before 1513. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797. The subject's expression, which is frequently described as enigmatic, the monumentality of the composition,

"Mona Lisa (Prado's version)"
made in the 1666 inventory in the Galleria del Mediodia of the Alcazar in Madrid as ""Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince"" (""Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand""). However, it is still unknown when the portrait entered the Spanish Royal Collection, though it could have been already in Spain in the early years of the 17th century. Since the Prado's founding in 1819, the replica has been part of its permanent collection, habitually displayed in the museum. Previous to its restoration, the painting was catalogued as an anonymous copy from the first quarter of the 16th century. However, it usually

hung in the Prado alongside masterpieces of Italian artists such as Raphael or Andrea del Sarto; a lithography of the painting also exists, which is unusual for an anonymous copy. Although there were elements that clearly distinguished the replica from the Louvre's version, the most striking point was the fact that until the restoration of the Prado's version, no landscape background was visible. That landscape was fully recovered through the restoration carried out by the Prado between 2010 and 2012, for a request to include the Prado's work in a temporary exhibition in the Louvre called ""Leonardo's last masterpiece: The

Lisa""s landscapes to some views in the Montefeltro region in the Italian provinces of Pesaro and Urbino, and Rimini. The ""Mona Lisa"" has survived for more than 500 years, and an international commission convened in 1952 noted that ""the picture is in a remarkable state of preservation."" This is partly due to a variety of conservation treatments the painting has undergone. A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde revealed that earlier restorers had ""acted with a great deal of restraint."" Nevertheless, applications of varnish made to the painting had darkened even by the end of the 16th century,

traditionally spelled ""Mona"" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as ""Monna Lisa"" ("""" being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects) but this is rare in English. Vasari's account of the ""Mona Lisa"" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named ""la Gioconda"", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. That

down to the hairline of the figure. In the mid-18th century to early 19th century, two butterfly-shaped walnut braces were inserted into the back of the panel to a depth of about one third the thickness of the panel. This intervention was skilfully executed, and successfully stabilized the crack. Sometime between 1888 and 1905, or perhaps during the picture's theft, the upper brace fell out. A later restorer glued and lined the resulting socket and crack with cloth. The picture is kept under strict, climate-controlled conditions in its bulletproof glass case. The humidity is maintained at 50% ±10%, and the

del Giocondo circa 1503, had flanking columns, have been left unfinished and have been in Salaì’s possession in 1525. The second, commissioned by Giuliano de' Medici circa 1513, without the flanking columns, would have been sold by Salaì to Francis I in 1518 and be the one in the Louvre today. The painting was kept at the Palace of Fontainebleau, where it remained until Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles. After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon in the Tuileries Palace. During the

Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero. Dated October 1503, the note was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci. This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo. In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated ""Leonardo da Vinci was

Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal. During World War II, ""Mona Lisa"" was again removed from the Louvre and taken safely, first to Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban. In December 2015, it was reported that French scientist Pascal Cotte had found a hidden portrait underneath the surface of the painting using reflective light technology. The portrait is an underlying image of a model looking off to the side. Having been given access to the painting by Louvre in 2004,

and Alessandro Vezzosi, are of the opinion that the painting is characteristic of Leonardo’s style in the final years of his life, post-1513. Other academics argue that, given the historical documentation, Leonardo would have painted the work from 1513. According to Leonardo's contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, ""after he had lingered over it four years, [he] left it unfinished"". Leonardo, later in his life, is said to have regretted ""never having completed a single work"". Circa 1504, Raphael executed a pen and ink sketch, today in the Louvre museum, in which the subject is flanked by large columns. Experts universally agree it

Biochemistry
Using various modifiers, the activity of the enzyme can be regulated, enabling control of the biochemistry of the cell as a whole. The structure of proteins is traditionally described in a hierarchy of four levels. The primary structure of a protein consists of its linear sequence of amino acids; for instance, ""alanine-glycine-tryptophan-serine-glutamate-asparagine-glycine-lysine-…"". Secondary structure is concerned with local morphology (morphology being the study of structure). Some combinations of amino acids will tend to curl up in a coil called an α-helix or into a sheet called a β-sheet; some α-helixes can be seen in the hemoglobin schematic above. Tertiary structure

"Protein structure"
classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament. A protein generally undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes. There are four distinct levels of protein structure. The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by peptide bonds that are made

Protein
of 50,000 to 1 million. By contrast, eukaryotic cells are larger and thus contain much more protein. For instance, yeast cells have been estimated to contain about 50 million proteins and human cells on the order of 1 to 3 billion. The concentration of individual protein copies ranges from a few molecules per cell up to 20 million. Not all genes coding proteins are expressed in most cells and their number depends on, for example, cell type and external stimuli. For instance, of the 20,000 or so proteins encoded by the human genome, only 6,000 are detected in lymphoblastoid cells.

Protein
amino acid corresponding to the codon it recognizes. The enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetase ""charges"" the tRNA molecules with the correct amino acids. The growing polypeptide is often termed the ""nascent chain"". Proteins are always biosynthesized from N-terminus to C-terminus. The size of a synthesized protein can be measured by the number of amino acids it contains and by its total molecular mass, which is normally reported in units of ""daltons"" (synonymous with atomic mass units), or the derivative unit kilodalton (kDa). The average size of a protein increases from Archaea to Bacteria to Eukaryote (283, 311, 438 residues and 31,

Protein
Moreover, the number of proteins the genome encodes correlates well with the organism complexity. Eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea and viruses have on average 15145, 3200, 2358 and 42 proteins respectively coded in their genomes. Proteins are assembled from amino acids using information encoded in genes. Each protein has its own unique amino acid sequence that is specified by the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein. The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codons and each three-nucleotide combination designates an amino acid, for example AUG (adenine-uracil-guanine) is the code for methionine. Because DNA contains four nucleotides, the

"Protein domain"
the course of evolution. There are currently about 110,000 experimentally determined protein 3D structures deposited within the Protein Data Bank (PDB). However, this set contains many identical or very similar structures. All proteins should be classified to structural families to understand their evolutionary relationships. Structural comparisons are best achieved at the domain level. For this reason many algorithms have been developed to automatically assign domains in proteins with known 3D structure; see 'Domain definition from structural co-ordinates'. The CATH domain database classifies domains into approximately 800 fold families; ten of these folds are highly populated and are referred to as

2-fold axis in a dimer. Multimers made up of identical subunits are referred to with a prefix of ""homo-"" (e.g. a homotetramer) and those made up of different subunits are referred to with a prefix of ""hetero-"", for example, a heterotetramer, such as the two alpha and two beta chains of hemoglobin. Proteins are frequently described as consisting of several structural units. These units include domains, motifs, and folds. Despite the fact that there are about 100,000 different proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems, there are many fewer different domains, structural motifs and folds. A structural domain is an element of

"Protein primary structure"
Protein primary structure Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences. Amino acids are polymerised via peptide bonds to form a long backbone, with the different amino acid side chains protruding along it. In biological systems, proteins are produced during translation by

to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids. By physical size, proteins are

Protein
protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in

"Tertiary education fees in Australia"
undertake postgraduate research studies. Many of the universities that were established under this scheme are members of Innovative Research Universities Australia. In 1967, the Government created a category of non-university tertiary institution (called College of Advanced Education (CAE)) that would be funded by the Commonwealth. These CAEs were easier to access and cheaper to attend than the traditional university, while delivering many university-equivalent bachelor's degrees. During the early 1970s, there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle class Australians. The Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees on 1 January 1974. By

eligible post-graduate course. In 2012, the FEE-HELP lifelong limit was $89,706, and $112,134 for students studying dentistry, medicine or veterinary science. Prior to 2012, when a student had used up SLE, he or she could enrol on a full-fee basis. Full-fee courses are relatively expensive because the student must pay the total cost or if eligible, defer the fee on FEE-HELP, resulting in a significantly larger debt than a HECS-HELP debt for the student contribution portion of a Commonwealth supported course. From 1 January 2012, SLE was abolished and students could continue to study for more than 7 years full-time

or equivalent part-time in Commonwealth supported courses. FEE-HELP courses are available at a post-graduate level (and occasionally for some undergraduate full-fee places); however, they are not available at every institution or in every course. The only remaining option is a full-fee place paid upfront. The discount for voluntary repayments of a pre-2005 HECS debt was reduced from 15% to 10% from 1 January 2005. On 1 January 2012, the voluntary repayment discount was reduced to 5%, and was removed completely from 1 January 2017. Changes to funding of universities and the HECS were made as part of the 2017 Australian

"Voluntary student unionism"
a year, or in a lump sum upon enrolment. This fee was typically collected by the university, which usually took a portion in collection fees and passed the rest to campus student organisation(s). These organisations then distributed the money according to their own rules. On 9 December 2005, the ""Higher Education Support Amendment (Abolition of Compulsory Up-front Student Union Fees) Bill"" 2005 was passed in the Senate, and received the Royal Assent on 19 December 2005. Since 1 July 2006, Australian universities have faced fines of A$100 per student for compelling payment for any non-academic good or service. Many student

"Tertiary education in Australia"
By the mid-1980s, it became the consensus of both major parties that the concept of 'free' tertiary education in Australia was untenable due to the increasing participation rate. Ironically, a subsequent Labor Government (the Bob Hawke/Paul Keating Government) was responsible for gradually re-introducing fees for university study. In a relatively innovative move, the method by which fees were re-introduced proved to be a system accepted by both Federal political parties and consequently is still in place today. The system is known as the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) and enables students to defer payment of fees until after they commence

the mid-1980s, however, there was consensus between both major parties that the concept of 'free' tertiary education in Australia was untenable due to the increasing participation rate. In 1989, the Hawke Labor Government began gradually re-introducing fees for university study. It set up the Higher Education Contributions Scheme (HECS), which was first proposed by Professor Murray Wells and subsequently developed by economist and lecturer at the Australian National University, Bruce Chapman and championed by Education Minister John Dawkins (see Dawkins Revolution). Under the original HECS, a $1,800 fee was charged to all university students, and the Commonwealth paid the balance.

early 1970s, there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle-class people. In 1973, the Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees. This increased the university participation rate. In 1974 the Commonwealth assumed full responsibility for funding higher education (universities and CAEs) and established the Commonwealth Tertiary Education Commission (CTEC) which had an advisory role and responsibility for allocating government funding among universities. However, in 1975, in the context of federal political crisis and economic recession, triennial funding of universities was suspended. Demand remained with growth directed to CAEs and State-controlled TAFE colleges.

A student could defer payment of this HECS amount (in which case it was called a HECS debt) and repay the debt through the tax system, when the student's income exceeds a threshold level. As part of the reforms, Colleges of Advanced Education entered the University sector by various means. The HECS system was accepted by both federal political parties and has survived until today, though with a number of changes. In 1996, the new Howard Coalition Government, while otherwise retaining the HECS system, created a three-tier HECS fee structure. Fees were charged on the basis of the perceived value

"Australian National University Students' Association"
Kenyon Student Space now occupy a temporary space in Melville Hall. In 2011, ANUSA was incorporated under the ""Associations Incorporation Act 1991"" (ACT). The ANU Student Newspaper, ""Woroni,"" was previously published by ANUSA, however, the successful 2009 Stand Up! ticket ran on a platform to deliver an independent student newspaper, similar to student publications at North American universities. As a result, ANU Student Media was formed in 2010 as an independent association, and became incorporated in 2012. 2012 saw the introduction of the Student Services and Amenities Fee by the Gillard Government, leading to a doubling of the ANUSA budget.

federal budget. University funding is to be a reduced by 2.5%, and university fees are to go up by $2,000 to $3,600 for a four-year course, an increase of 1.8% in 2018, and 7.5% by 2022. From 1 July 2018, the income level at which HECS debt repayments start will be reduced, from $55,000 to $42,000. In 1996, the Howard government permitted universities to create full-fee places on which they could charge full up-front fees to students who missed out on a HECS place (with the notable exception of medical degrees). In 2005, the Howard government permitted universities to increase

"Panic! at the Disco"
sudden success, aided by a contortionist, a ribbon dancer and all the rest of it."" MTV News favorably likened its theme and wardrobe to ""Janet Jackson's audience-dividing, hypersexual The Velvet Rope Tour."" The group, fresh off the major success of ""A Fever You Can't Sweat Out"", took a break after non-stop touring, and the group members began formulating ideas for their next album together during the winter of 2006. After a short period of development regarding the ideas of the album, on March 6, 2007 the band arrived at a cabin in the rural mountains of Mount Charleston, Nevada and

"Crying at the Discoteque"
Crying at the Discoteque ""Crying at the Discoteque"" is a song performed by Swedish band Alcazar, from their debut studio album ""Casino"" (2000). It samples Sheila and B. Devotion's 1979 hit ""Spacer"". Alexander Bard produced this song and can be heard in the middle of this song (he is also featured in the music video). In 2001 the song became Alcazar's first international hit single, reaching the top 10 in Flemish Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Switzerland. By the end of 2002, ""Crying at the Discoteque"" sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide. A music video was produced to promote the

halves: the first half is mostly electronic dance punk, while the second half features Vaudevillian piano, strings, and accordion. The band grew tired of writing only with drum machines and keyboards and, inspired by film scores (specifically the works of Danny Elfman and Jon Brion) decided to write a completely different half. ""By the end of that, we were completely exhausted,"" said Ross of the studio sessions. After its completion, ""we had two weeks to come home and learn how to be a band,"" Ross said. The group played its first live show during the summer of 2005 at local

played a surprise show in Cleveland, Ohio with new touring bassist, Nicole Row. On March 21, 2018, the band released two new songs ""Say Amen (Saturday Night)"" and ""(Fuck A) Silver Lining."" At the same time, the band also announced the Pray for the Wicked Tour and a new album called ""Pray for the Wicked"". On June 7, 2018, the band performed at the fountains at the Bellagio prior to game 5 of the Stanley Cup Finals. The performance is said to have had sentimental value to the band as they took to the stage in their hometown. The band

Panic! at the Disco Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 by childhood friends Brendon Urie, Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith and Brent Wilson. Since 2015, vocalist Urie has been the only official member of the band, with drummer Dan Pawlovich, bassist Nicole Row, and guitarist Mike Naran accompanying him on tour. Panic! at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released its debut studio album, ""A Fever You Can't Sweat Out"" (2005). Popularized by the second single, ""I Write

"Panic! at the Disco discography"
Panic! at the Disco discography Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band that originated in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their 2005 debut album, ""A Fever You Can't Sweat Out"", reached number 13 on the US ""Billboard"" 200, and has sold more than 2.2 million copies since its September 2005 release, spearheaded by the quadruple platinum top 10 hit single, ""I Write Sins Not Tragedies"". The band's second album, ""Pretty. Odd."", was released on March 21, 2008, entering the US chart at, and peaking at, number 2. Their third effort, ""Vices & Virtues"", was released on March 18, 2011, and

No. 40, the band's second highest ever after ""I Write Sins Not Tragedies."" The band performed at the KROQ Weenie Roast on May 16, 2015. On September 1, 2015, another song from the fifth studio album, ""Death of a Bachelor"", premiered on an Apple Music broadcast hosted by Pete Wentz. The second single, ""Victorious"" was released at the end of the month. On October 22, 2015, through the band's official Facebook page, Urie announced the new album as ""Death of a Bachelor"" with a scheduled release date of January 15, 2016. It is the first album written and composed by

began the writing process for the new album. After recording the new tracks and performing them live over the summer, the band returned to its native Las Vegas as well as the group's old rehearsal studio, where the band members wrote their debut record. The band grew uninterested in the songs previously written and by August scrapped the entire new album (which Ross later revealed was ""three-quarters"" done) and started over. ""We wanted to approach these songs in the most basic form,"" Ross said. ""We wrote them all on one acoustic guitar and with someone singing. I think that we

peaked at number 7 in the US. Their fourth album, 2013's ""Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!"", entered the US chart at, and peaked at, number 2, and contained the gold certified lead single ""Miss Jackson"". The band's fifth studio album, ""Death of a Bachelor"", was released in January 2016 and became their first number-one album in the US. Their sixth and most recent album, ""Pray for the Wicked"", was released on June 22, 2018. Panic! at the Disco discography Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band that originated in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their 2005 debut

"Party at the NSA"
Party at the NSA ""Party at the NSA"" is a protest song and charity single originally recorded by electropop music group Yacht released in August 15, 2013. It was written, recorded, and produced by Jona Bechtolt and Claire L. Evans. Inspired by the 2013 global surveillance disclosures, proceeds from the single benefit the international non-profit digital rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation. Stand-up comedian and podcast host Marc Maron contributed a guitar solo to the song. ""Party at the NSA"" was released in August 15, 2013 as a direct download link on partyatthensa.com with a pay what you want option and

"Inside Outside (novel)"
Humans have taken control of Hell, and they have replaced the traditional inscription (as imagined by Dante), ""Abandon all hope..."" (written in Italian) with a new one: ""Do not abandon hope"" (written in Hebrew). Cull goes to his workplace, and hears that the mysterious ""X"", an analogue of Jesus Christ, has been killed by an unruly mob. Along with Phyllis and Fyodor, based on Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Jack investigates his death. Travelling into a sewer, they find out that ""Hell"" is in fact a massive spacecraft, controlled by hyper-moral, ultra-powerful alien beings with the means of capturing many if not most

"The World Inside"
of the Urbmon society (a ""flippo"") is ""erased"" by being thrown into a shaft that terminates in the building's power generator. This gives one of the book's characters the idea that humanity has been selectively bred for life within the Urbmons. The World Inside The World Inside is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, published in 1971. The novel originally appeared as a series of shorter works in 1970 and 1971, all but one published in ""Galaxy"", including the Hugo nominated novella ""The World Outside"". ""The World Inside"" was nominated for a Hugo Award in 1972, although

Inside Outside (novel) Inside / Outside is a science fiction novel by American writer Philip José Farmer. Originally released in 1964, the novel explores the question of what happens before souls inhabit human bodies, and how they are created. Jack Cull (a pun on the word ""jackal"") finds himself in a bizarre location called ""Hell"". A huge sphere with a sun in the center, Hell's population consists of deceased humans and demons; the humans have the same mind and body as when they died, there is no disease or famine, and deaths are reversed within hours. Earthquakes are frequent occurrences.

The World Inside The World Inside is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, published in 1971. The novel originally appeared as a series of shorter works in 1970 and 1971, all but one published in ""Galaxy"", including the Hugo nominated novella ""The World Outside"". ""The World Inside"" was nominated for a Hugo Award in 1972, although Silverberg declined the nomination. On March 2, 2010, Orb Books published this title as a trade paperback edition. The novel is set on Earth in the year 2381, when the population of the planet has reached 75 billion people. Population growth

"Inside, Outside (Wouk novel)"
his mother's half sister, and a tribe of more distant uncles, aunts and cousins (the 'Mishpokha', Yiddish for 'family'). After college, Goodkind works for Harry Goldhandler, a gagwriter for radio comedies (very loosely based on David Freedman), and has a romance with showgirl Bobbie Webb. The tales of his present day in 1973 are centered on his wife, his daughter, their friends, and Peter Quat, a college friend who also worked for Goldhandler, and who had become a famous novelist for his sexually explicit characters and unflattering depictions of American Jewish life. Quat's books seem similar to the work of

"Inside Mr. Enderby"
Inside Mr. Enderby Inside Mr Enderby is the first volume of the Enderby series, a quartet of comic novels by the British author Anthony Burgess. The book was first published in 1963 in London by William Heinemann under the pseudonym Joseph Kell. The series began with the publication in 1963 of ""Inside Mr. Enderby"", continued in 1968 with ""Enderby Outside"" and 1974 with ""The Clockwork Testament, or Enderby's End"", and concluded after a ten-year break in 1984 with ""Enderby's Dark Lady, or No End to Enderby"". The story opens on a note of pure fantasy, showing school children from the

"Inside Out & Back Again"
Inside Out & Back Again Inside Out & Back Again is a verse novel by Thanhha Lai. The book was awarded the 2011 National Book Award for Young People's Literature and one of the two Newbery Honors. The novel was based on her first year in the United States, as a ten-year-old girl who spoke no English in 1975. Inside Out and Back Again is a story about a young girl named Kim Hà and her family, consisting of her Mother and three brothers, being forced to move to the United States because the Vietnam War had reached their home,

sharing extends to wives and husbands, a sentiment likely springing from the free love movement of the mid-to-late Twentieth century. Although great effort is spent to maintain a stable society, the Urban Monad lifestyle causes mental illness in a small percentage of people, and this fate befalls two of the book's main characters. ""Social engineers"" reprogram those who are approaching an unacceptable level of behavior. Given the extremes of life in the Urban Monads, law enforcement and the concept of justice employ a zero tolerance policy. There are usually no trials, and punishment is swift; anyone who threatens the stability

"Letters from the Inside"
Letters from the Inside Letters From the Inside is a young adult novel written by Australian author John Marsden. It was first published in 1991. The story is told in the form of letters exchanged between fifteen-year-old girls, Mandy and Tracey. They begin writing after Tracey places an ad in fictional magazine ""GDY"". The two girls share information about their lives from school, to family, to relationships. Mandy reveals that her brother is abusive and violent, information which Tracey tries to ignore. It appears to Mandy that Tracey's life is perfect, as she has a wonderful boyfriend, rich and caring

"The Cat Inside"
The Cat Inside The Cat Inside is an autobiographical novella written by William S. Burroughs and illustrated by Brion Gysin. The book was first published by Grenfell Press in 1986 in an edition of only 133 copies; it was later reissued by Viking Press in 1992 in a mass market hardcover edition. In the book Burroughs, a noted lover of cats, reminisces about the many cats in his life. Gysin, a frequent collaborator with Burroughs dating back to the early 1960s, died in 1986, making this possibly the last work he did with Burroughs. Gysin is also referenced by name

Rennes
after Toulouse and before Montpellier, Bordeaux and Nantes. The inhabitants of Rennes are called ""Rennais"" in French. Rennes is classified as a city of art and history. The historic centre is located on the former plan of the ramparts. There is a difference between the northern city centre and the southern city centre due to the 1720 fire, which destroyed most of the timber framed houses in the northern part of the city. The rebuilding was done in stone, on a grid plan. The southern part, the poorest at this time, was not rebuilt. Due to the presence of the

"Rennes Cathedral"
Rennes Cathedral Rennes Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Rennes, France. It has been a monument historique since 1906. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Peter, is the seat of the Archbishop of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, previously Bishop of Rennes. The site has been used for a cathedral more or less from the beginnings of the see in the 6th century. The earliest building was completely replaced by a Gothic cathedral in the 12th century, of which in 1490 the tower and the entire west front collapsed. The existing façade with its neoclassical granite

towers in four stages was constructed over the next two centuries or so, with long gaps between the different stages: the lowest level was built between 1541 and 1543, the second from 1640 to 1654 (by Tugal Caris), and the fourth (by Pierre Corbineau) from 1654 to 1678. Yet another architect, François Hoguet, completed the towers, between 1679 and 1704, at their present height of 48 metres and added the device of Louis XVI between them. The nave and choir however had not been restored. During vespers on 11 February 1754 a great stone fell from the roof of the

Rennes
""parlement de Bretagne"", many ""hôtels particuliers"" were built in the northern part, the richest in the 18th century. Most of the monuments historiques can be found there. Colourful traditional half-timbered houses are situated primarily along the roads of Saint-Sauveur, Saint-Georges, de Saint-Malo, Saint-Guillaume, des Dames, du Chapitre, Vasselot, Saint-Michel, de la Psallette and around the plazas of Champ-Jacquet, des Lices, Saint-Anne and Rallier-du-Baty. The ""Parlement de Bretagne"" (Administrative and judicial centre of Brittany, ) is the most famous 17th century building in Rennes. It was rebuilt after a terrible fire in 1994 that may have been caused by a flare

the first Bishop of Rennes, buried here in the 6th century. The present buildings were constructed in the 17th century, and were badly damaged during World War II. Rennes Cathedral Rennes Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Rennes, France. It has been a monument historique since 1906. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Peter, is the seat of the Archbishop of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, previously Bishop of Rennes. The site has been used for a cathedral more or less from the beginnings of the see in the 6th century. The earliest building was completely

Chartres
cathedral is at the top of the hill, and its two spires are visible from miles away across the flat surrounding lands. To the southeast stretches the fertile plain of Beauce, the ""granary of France"", of which the town is the commercial centre. Chartres is best known for its cathedral, the ""Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres"", which is considered one of the finest and best preserved Gothic cathedrals in France and in Europe. Its historical and cultural importance has been recognized by its inclusion on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. It was built on the site of the former

Rennes
botanical garden on 10 hectares of land, built between 1860 and 1867. 17th century promenade ""la Motte à Madame"", and a monumental stairway overlooking the Rue de Paris entrance to the Thabor. The south city centre is a mix of old buildings and 19th and 20th centuries constructions. The Fine Arts Museum is situated on Quai Émile Zola, by the Vilaine River. Les Champs Libres is a building on Esplanade Charles de Gaulle, and was designed by the architect Christian de Portzamparc. It houses the Brittany Museum (Musée de Bretagne), the regional library Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole with six floors,

Chartres
Chartres Chartres () is a commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in France. It is located southwest of Paris. Chartres is famous world-wide for its cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Chartres was in Gaul one of the principal towns of the Carnutes, a Celtic tribe. In the Gallo-Roman period, it was called ""Autricum"", name derived from the river ""Autura"" (Eure), and afterwards ""civitas Carnutum"",

Rennes
There are two halls of the printer, Oberthür, built by Marthenot between 1870 and 1895 on Rue de Paris in the eastern part of the city. Oberthür Park is the second biggest garden in the city. The 17th century manor of Haute-Chalais, a granite château, is situated to the south of the city in Blosne Quarter (Bréquigny). Parc du Thabor contains a compact but significant botanical garden, the Jardin botanique du Thabor. The University of Rennes 1, with a campus in the city's eastern section, also contains a botanical garden and collections (the Jardin botanique de l'Université de Rennes). Local

"Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes"
Artworks in this section include drawings by Filippo Lippi, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Donatello, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo, Giovanni Bellini, Albrecht Dürer, Corregio, Pontormo, Giulio Romano, Parmigianino, Nicolo dell'Abbate, Federico Barocci, Rubens, Pietro da Cortona, Simon Vouet, Pierre Puget, Rembrandt, Salvator Rosa, Antoine Watteau, Sebastiano Ricci, Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Édouard Vuillard and Pablo Picasso. Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes The Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes ( ""Musée des beaux-arts de Rennes"") is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Rennes, the capital of Brittany. Its collections range from ancient Egypt antiquities to the Modern

"Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."
Things That Make You Go Hmmm... ""Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."" is a song by American dance group C+C Music Factory. It was released in June 1991 as the third single from the album ""Gonna Make You Sweat"". The single features Freedom Williams and he is also seen in the song's music video. The song was inspired by a running gag on ""The Arsenio Hall Show"", where Arsenio, while allegedly on a long drive, pondered certain thoughts and referred to them as ""things that make you go hmmm..."" The C+C song was a success in the US, reaching number

under the title ""Things That Make You Go Mmm"". The single reached number three in the UK and number four in Scotland. Things That Make You Go Hmmm... ""Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."" is a song by American dance group C+C Music Factory. It was released in June 1991 as the third single from the album ""Gonna Make You Sweat"". The single features Freedom Williams and he is also seen in the song's music video. The song was inspired by a running gag on ""The Arsenio Hall Show"", where Arsenio, while allegedly on a long drive, pondered certain thoughts

"Zelma Davis"
Zelma Davis Zelma Davis (born August 2, 1970) is a Liberian-born singer-songwriter. She is primarily known for her number-one Dance hits ""Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."" and ""Just a Touch of Love"" with C+C Music Factory. She has earned four American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, two MTV Video Music Awards, and a Grammy Award nomination with the group. Upon C+C Music Factory's emergence onto the scene in late 1990, Davis was marketed as the principal vocalist of the ensemble—despite there having been several other female vocalists, in addition to her, who had provided the vocals to various

four on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 31 on the ""Billboard"" Hot R&B Singles chart. It also reached number four on the UK Singles Chart. The song contains samples from the songs ""I'm Shook"" by James Brown, ""My Thang"" by James Brown, and ""Apache"" by the Incredible Bongo Band. The song was certified gold by the RIAA on August 13, 1991 for sales of over 500,000 copies. ""Music & Media"" wrote about the song: ""The secret behind the success of these dance/pop providers is the good hook in their songs. This time it's the saxophone part, which is repeated

DJ Heavygrinder called ""Chains of Love"". In 2010, she released three singles: ""Free Love"", ""Touch the Sky"", and ""Summer of Love"". In January 2015, she released a single with Dank called ""1994 (Rhythm Is Right)"". In 2017, Davis appeared in the TV series ""Dr. Ken"". Zelma Davis Zelma Davis (born August 2, 1970) is a Liberian-born singer-songwriter. She is primarily known for her number-one Dance hits ""Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."" and ""Just a Touch of Love"" with C+C Music Factory. She has earned four American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, two MTV Video Music Awards, and a

Wham!
Wham! Wham! were an English pop duo consisting of George Michael and Andrew Ridgeley, formed in London in 1981. Influenced by funk and soul music and presenting themselves as disaffected youth, Wham's 1983 debut album ""Fantastic"" addressed the United Kingdom's unemployment problem for young people and teen angst over adulthood. Their second studio album ""Make It Big"" in 1984 was a worldwide pop smash hit, charting number one in both the UK and the United States. The singles from the album — ""Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go"", ""Everything She Wants"" and ""Careless Whisper"" — all topped the Billboard Hot

"Go (Moby song)"
Go (Moby song) ""Go"" is a song by American electronica musician Moby, released in March 1991 by record label Instinct as the first single from his self-titled debut album. The single was a success in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. ""Go"", in its original form, was first released as the B-side to Moby's debut single ""Mobility"" in November 1990. Moby later composed an alternate mix of the song, built around string samples from Angelo Badalamenti's ""Laura Palmer's Theme"" from the television series ""Twin Peaks"", which was released as a single in

"Music Go Music"
Music Go Music Music Go Music are an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California, United States, signed to the independent record label, Secretly Canadian. The band members use the pseudonyms Torg, Gala Bell, and Kamar Maza, who are David Metcalf, Meredith Metcalf, and Adam Siegel, respectively, of the indie-rock band Bodies of Water. Their sound has been compared to ABBA and ELO. The band first appeared in 2008 with a series of 12-inch vinyl releases, each featuring three songs. The songs on the EPs were later collected into their debut full-length album ""Expressions"". On September 24, 2013, the

"Dream Frequency"
Dream Frequency Dream Frequency are an English techno band, formed in Preston, Lancashire. One of the projects of the late 1980s, founded Ian Bland, with American singer Debbie Sharp they performed initially at local events in the English rave clubs such as Shelley's. In early 1992, the project gained their first hit single with ""Feel So Real"", which peaked at #23 in the UK Singles Chart. Shortly thereafter, ""Take Me"" reached #39 in the UK chart; the latter was released as a promo in the United States but failed to Chart there. In 1994, their further efforts ""Good Times"" /

"The Comas"
The Comas The Comas formed in Chapel Hill, NC, in March 1998 as a joke country band, a sort of counterweight to the hyped No Depression movement. Before long, however, both the ""joke"" and the ""country"" parts of the concept were eliminated, thus allowing the band to develop into a quirky alternative rock outfit. The Comas' respectable 1999 debut, Wave to Make Friends, was composed of sleepy (but not lethargic) indie pop and off-kilter boy-and-girl vocal harmonies, courtesy of co-founders Andrew Herod and Nicole Gehweiler. The band's instrumental canvas proved to be larger and more eclectic than that of the

"Girl Meets World"
his role of Stuart Minkus. On March 18, 2014, it was announced that Rider Strong would reprise his role of Shawn Hunter. On December 3, 2014, it was announced that Will Friedle would reprise his role of Eric Matthews, beginning with the second season, along with William Daniels reprising his role as George Feeny in a larger role. On February 3, 2015, it was announced that Trina McGee would reprise her role as Angela Moore and Blake Clark would reprise his role of Chet Hunter. On April 7, 2015, it was announced that Anthony Tyler Quinn would reprise his role

"William Daniels"
for a production of ""The Magnificent Yankee"" for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. William Daniels William David Daniels (born March 31, 1927) is an American actor, known for his roles as Dr. Mark Craig in the NBC drama ""St. Elsewhere"", for which he won two Emmy Awards, and as Mr. Feeny in the ABC sitcom ""Boy Meets World"". He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1999 to 2001. He is also associated with his performances as the father of Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) in ""The Graduate"" (1967), as Howard in ""Two for the Road"", as John Adams in

as Jonathan Turner. On June 5, 2015, it was announced that Matthew Lawrence would reprise his role as Jack Hunter. On April 1, 2016, it was announced that Reginald VelJohnson would guest star in an episode as a police officer, a nod to VelJohnson's previous role in a different ""TGIF"" sitcom, officer Carl Winslow of ""Family Matters"". On July 28, 2016, it was announced that Lily Nicksay and Lindsay Ridgeway, both of whom portrayed Morgan Matthews, would appear in the season three finale. On January 4, 2017, the series' writers stated on their group Twitter account that they were informed

William Daniels William David Daniels (born March 31, 1927) is an American actor, known for his roles as Dr. Mark Craig in the NBC drama ""St. Elsewhere"", for which he won two Emmy Awards, and as Mr. Feeny in the ABC sitcom ""Boy Meets World"". He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1999 to 2001. He is also associated with his performances as the father of Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) in ""The Graduate"" (1967), as Howard in ""Two for the Road"", as John Adams in the 1972 musical film ""1776"", as Carter Nash in ""Captain Nice"", and as

"Boy Meets Girl (2015 TV series)"
that year, the Trans Comedy Award, offering comedy writers up to £5000 for scripts with positive portrayals of transgender characters. The BBC received 320 script entries, with the winners being ""Boy Meets Girl"" (then titled ""Love"") by Elliott Kerrigan and ""Nobody's Perfect"" by Tom Glover. ""Boy Meets Girl"" was created by Elliott Kerrigan, and written by Kerrigan, Simon Carlyle, and Andrew Mettam. It stars Rebecca Root as Judy, Harry Hepple as Leo, Denise Welch as Pam (Leo's mother). Also appearing are Janine Duvitski, Nigel Betts, Lizzie Roper, and Jonny Dixon. It is directed by Paul Walker. The producer is Margot

"Boy Meets Girl (2009 TV series)"
knowledge of useless information onto loyal friend Pete (Marshall Lancaster). He is a world away from the successful and vivacious Veronica (Rachael Stirling), whose job as a glamorous fashion journalist provides her with a well-stocked bank account and an even better-stocked social calendar. Worshipped by her devoted boyfriend, Jay (Paterson Joseph), Veronica seems to have it all. When a freak accident traps the mismatched strangers in each other's bodies, the results are not pretty. As Danny and Veronica struggle with their new identities they begin to discover new truths about themselves. But besides learning to walk in high heels or

"Boy Meets World"
Boy Meets World Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom created and produced by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly. The show aired on the ABC network from September 24, 1993 to May 5, 2000, lasting seven seasons. The show chronicles the everyday events and life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage). It also stars Cory's teacher George Feeny (William Daniels), best friend Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong), brother Eric (Will Friedle), and love interest Topanga (Danielle Fishel). The show also features Cory's father Alan (William Russ), mother Amy (Betsy Randle), and sister Morgan (Lily Nicksay), while introducing the characters Angela Moore

"In a World..."
In a World... In a World... is a 2013 American comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Lake Bell. The film stars Bell as Carol Solomon, a vocal coach intent on doing voice-over work for film trailers. The film co-stars Demetri Martin, Fred Melamed, Rob Corddry, Michaela Watkins, Ken Marino, Nick Offerman, and Tig Notaro. The film grossed nearly $3 million against a production budget of less than $1 million, and received positive reviews from critics. Sam Sotto is a Hollywood actor who is known as ""king of voice-overs"" for his extensive narration and voice-over work. He has recently published

(Trina McGee-Davis), Rachel McGuire (Maitland Ward), Jonathan Turner (Anthony Tyler Quinn), Eli Williams (Alex Désert), and Jack Hunter (Matthew Lawrence) during its later seasons. The first season begins with Cory Matthews (Ben Savage) and his best friend Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong), two average sixth-graders. They do not care about schoolwork, despite the efforts of their longtime teacher George Feeny (William Daniels). Initially, their main interest is sports, though later Shawn and then Cory begin to express an interest in girls. This season focuses specifically on Cory's relationships with the other characters in the show. He begins to understand his parents

"Uriah Shelton"
Uriah Shelton Uriah Shelton (born March 10, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his television roles, such as playing Jeff Cargill on ""The Glades"", Josh on the web series ""Blue"", and Joshua Matthews on ""Girl Meets World"". Shelton was also the lead in the 2010 film ""Lifted"". Shelton was born in Dallas, Texas. When he was one month old, his family moved him to Magnolia Springs, Alabama, a small river community about 40 miles south of Mobile. Growing up, Shelton pursued interests in martial arts, piano, and soccer. At the age of 7, he took

"A Christmas Story"
reviews. A Christmas Story A Christmas Story is a 1983 American Christmas comedy film directed by Bob Clark and based on Jean Shepherd's semi-fictional anecdotes in his 1966 book """", with some elements from his 1971 book ""Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories"". It stars Melinda Dillon, Darren McGavin, and Peter Billingsley. A seasonal classic in North America, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. Since 1997, a marathon of the film titled ""24 Hours of ""A Christmas Story"""" has aired annually on TNT or TBS, comprising twelve consecutive airings

walked in, and he had us from the beginning,"" Clark later recalled of Peter Billingsley who was already a successful actor in commercials and from co-hosting the TV series ""Real People"". Clark initially wanted him for the role of Ralphie, but decided he was ""too obvious"" a choice and auditioned many other young actors before realizing that Billingsley was the right choice after all. Ian Petrella was cast immediately before filming began. Tedde Moore had previously appeared in Clark's film ""Murder by Decree"" and was the only onscreen character from ""A Christmas Story"" who was played by the same actor

A Christmas Story A Christmas Story is a 1983 American Christmas comedy film directed by Bob Clark and based on Jean Shepherd's semi-fictional anecdotes in his 1966 book """", with some elements from his 1971 book ""Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories"". It stars Melinda Dillon, Darren McGavin, and Peter Billingsley. A seasonal classic in North America, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. Since 1997, a marathon of the film titled ""24 Hours of ""A Christmas Story"""" has aired annually on TNT or TBS, comprising twelve consecutive airings of

basis of the screenplay is a series of monologues written and performed by Jean Shepherd on radio. Shepherd wrote the adaptation with Bob Clark and Leigh Brown. Several subplots are incorporated into the body of the film, based on other separate short stories by Shepherd. Shepherd provides the film's narration from the perspective of an adult Ralphie, a narrative style later used in the dramedy television series ""The Wonder Years"". Shepherd, Brown, and Clark have cameo appearances in the film: Shepherd plays the man who directs Ralphie and Randy to the back of the Santa line at the department store;

Brown – Shepherd's wife in real life – plays the woman in the Santa line with Shepherd; Clark plays Swede, the neighbor the Old Man talks to outside during the Leg Lamp scene. In the DVD commentary, director Bob Clark mentions that Jack Nicholson was considered for the role of the Old Man; Clark expresses gratitude that he ended up with Darren McGavin instead, who later appeared in several other Clark films. He cast Melinda Dillon on the basis of her similar role in ""Close Encounters of the Third Kind"". Some 8,000 actors auditioned for the role of Ralphie; ""He

"Peter Billingsley"
Peter Billingsley Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen, is an American actor, director, and producer, best known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie ""A Christmas Story"" and as ""Messy Marvin"" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials. Peter was born in New York City. His father, Alwin Michaelsen, is a financial consultant and his mother, Gail, was once Alwin's secretary. Gail is the grand-niece of Stork Club owner Sherman Billingsley, and cousin of Glenn Billingsley who was

"Bob Clark"
six years in prison under the terms of a plea agreement. Bob Clark Benjamin ""Bob"" Clark (August 5, 1939 – April 4, 2007) was an American actor, director, screenwriter and producer best known for directing and writing the script with Jean Shepherd to the 1983 Christmas film ""A Christmas Story"". Although he worked primarily in the United States, from 1973 to 1983 he worked in Canada and was responsible for some of the most successful films in Canadian film history such as ""Black Christmas"" (1974), ""Murder by Decree"" (1979), ""Tribute"" (1980), and ""Porky's"" (1982). Clark was born in New Orleans

"Jean Shepherd"
Jean Shepherd Jean Parker Shepherd, Jr. (July 26, 1921 – October 16, 1999) was an American storyteller, radio and TV personality, writer and actor. He was often referred to by the nickname Shep. With a career that spanned decades, Shepherd is known to modern audiences for the film ""A Christmas Story"" (1983), which he narrated and co-scripted, based on his own semi-autobiographical stories. Born in 1921 on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, Shepherd briefly lived in East Chicago, Indiana, and was raised in Hammond, Indiana, where he graduated from Hammond High School in 1939. The movie ""A Christmas Story""

in the sequel, ""My Summer Story"". Jeff Gillen was an old friend of Clark's who had been in one of his earliest films. The schoolyard bully, Scut Farkus, was played by Zack Ward, now an actor, writer and director, who had actually been bullied himself while in elementary school. In 2017, he said he was surprised at the impact his role had had over the years. ""I saw that I was ranked — as Christmas villains go — higher than the Grinch. That's amazing."" The screenplay for ""A Christmas Story"" is based on material from author Jean Shepherd's collection of

film, according to Clark, came from unpublished anecdotes that Shepherd told live audiences ""on the college circuit."" The film is set in Hohman, Indiana, a fictionalized version of Shepherd's hometown of Hammond, named for Hohman Avenue, which runs through downtown Hammond. Local references in the film include Warren G. Harding Elementary School and Cleveland Street (where Shepherd spent his childhood). Other local references include mention of a person ""swallowing a yo-yo"" in nearby Griffith, the Old Man being one of the fiercest ""furnace fighters in northern Indiana"" and that his obscenities were ""hanging in space over Lake Michigan,"" a mention

"Adam Brown (actor)"
Jackson was quoted as saying, ""Adam is a wonderfully expressive actor and has a unique screen presence. I look forward to seeing him bring Ori to life."" Brown is openly gay and lives in London. Adam Brown (actor) Adam Brown (born 29 May 1980) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the dwarf Ori in Peter Jackson's ""Hobbit"" trilogy and Cremble in """". He studied at the John O'Gaunt Community Technology College in his birthplace, Hungerford, Berkshire. Following his time at John O'Gaunt, he trained in Performing Arts at Middlesex University, London, where he met

Adam Brown (actor) Adam Brown (born 29 May 1980) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the dwarf Ori in Peter Jackson's ""Hobbit"" trilogy and Cremble in """". He studied at the John O'Gaunt Community Technology College in his birthplace, Hungerford, Berkshire. Following his time at John O'Gaunt, he trained in Performing Arts at Middlesex University, London, where he met Clare Plested and helped co-found the British comedy theatre troupe Plested and Brown. He wrote and performed in all seven of their shows: ""Carol Smillie Trashed my Room"", ""The Reconditioned Wife Show"", ""Flamingo Flamingo Flamingo"",

"Ken Stott"
him, Ian Rankin's most well known character Inspector John Rebus, is in fact a Hibernian supporter. 0 win, 3 nominations 2 win, 2 nominations 1 win, 4 nominations 0 wins 1 nomination Ken Stott Kenneth Campbell Stott (born 19 October 1954) is a Scottish stage, television and film actor who won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1995 in the play ""Broken Glass"" at Royal National Theatre. He is more recently known for his role as the dwarf Balin in ""The Hobbit"" film trilogy (2012–2014), and as Ian Garrett in the 2014 BBC TV

"John Callen"
performed in and/or directed more than 100 stage plays including performances as Macbeth, Shylock, Polonius and Claudius, and has won best actor and best supporting actor for his theatre work. He has appeared in a number of TV adverts and voiced more than 120 documentaries and thousands of adverts. John Callen John Callen (born November 4, 1946) is an English-born New Zealand character actor, voiceover artist and director. He is best known for portraying Óin, brother of Glóin in the 2012-2014 ""The Hobbit"" film trilogy. Thirteen full-size actors played dwarves in The Hobbit (film series). John Callen's character, Óin is

"Lee Pace"
Lee Pace Lee Grinner Pace (born March 25, 1979) is an American actor. Pace has been featured in film, stage and television. He starred as Thranduil the Elvenking in ""The Hobbit"" trilogy, and as the protagonist Joe MacMillan for four seasons in AMC's television drama ""Halt and Catch Fire"". He also played Roy Walker/the Masked Bandit in the 2006 film ""The Fall"". He has appeared in film series, including """" as Garrett. He also starred as Ned in the ABC series ""Pushing Daisies"" for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead

"Dean O'Gorman"
the advice of a New Zealand Vietnam veteran. Preferring to dress and set up shoots himself, the models for this gallery included other cast members from """" and ""The Almighty Johnsons"". O'Gorman's photographs were displayed at the 2015 Berlin B3 Biennial. Dean O'Gorman Dean Lance O'Gorman (born 1 December 1976) is an actor, artist, and photographer from New Zealand. He played the dwarf Fíli in the ""Hobbit"" trilogy and the Norse God Bragi/Anders Johnson in the fantasy series ""The Almighty Johnsons"". O'Gorman was born in Auckland, New Zealand, to parents Lance, a landscape painter, and Christine O'Gorman. He has a

"Iain Glen"
Theatre, Coventry, and former artistic director of the Dundee Repertory Theatre. He was married to Susannah Harker from 1993 to 2004; they have one son. His current partner is actress Charlotte Emmerson, and they have two daughters. Iain Glen Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actor. Glen is known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the ""Resident Evil"" film series and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series ""Game of Thrones"". Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in ""Mountains of the Moon"", Sir Richard Carlisle

Dean O'Gorman Dean Lance O'Gorman (born 1 December 1976) is an actor, artist, and photographer from New Zealand. He played the dwarf Fíli in the ""Hobbit"" trilogy and the Norse God Bragi/Anders Johnson in the fantasy series ""The Almighty Johnsons"". O'Gorman was born in Auckland, New Zealand, to parents Lance, a landscape painter, and Christine O'Gorman. He has a younger brother, Brett, who is also an actor as well as a comedian. He has Irish and English ancestry; his maternal grandfather was an English paratrooper in WWII. O'Gorman earned a black belt in karate by the age of ten, and

"Lee Pace"
him in ""The Hobbit"" movies. McKellen's ""outing"" was described in the press as a blunder and an accident on his part as Pace had not come out by then. Pace made no comments about his romantic life until February 2018. He later came out as gay in an interview with ""The New York Times"". Lee Pace Lee Grinner Pace (born March 25, 1979) is an American actor. Pace has been featured in film, stage and television. He starred as Thranduil the Elvenking in ""The Hobbit"" trilogy, and as the protagonist Joe MacMillan for four seasons in AMC's television drama ""Halt

John Callen John Callen (born November 4, 1946) is an English-born New Zealand character actor, voiceover artist and director. He is best known for portraying Óin, brother of Glóin in the 2012-2014 ""The Hobbit"" film trilogy. Thirteen full-size actors played dwarves in The Hobbit (film series). John Callen's character, Óin is the doctor of the group. Óin's a distant relative of Thorin and uncle to Gimli from ""The Lord of the Rings"". He has performed in movies, including ""The Rainbow Warrior (film) (as Prime Minister) David Lange),"" and TV shows, including ""The Tribe"", and lent his voice to ""Power Rangers

"Contract bridge"
the suit the partnership has shown strength in, and because they have agreed that when they hold two ""touching honors"" (or ""adjacent honors"") they will play the higher one first. West plays the card face down, to give their partner and the declarer (but not dummy) a chance to ask any last questions about the bidding or to object if they believe West is not the correct hand to lead. After that, North's cards are laid on the table and North becomes ""dummy"", as both the North and South hands will be controlled by the declarer. West turns the lead

Truco
say this when playing in teams, is to surrender on behalf of the team. It is usual that when playing in teams, while telling the ""puntos de envido"", the partner of the player that had said the highest ""envido"" can remain silent unless someone of the other team says a higher ""envido"". Then, that player that remained silent will have to say either his score for the ""envidos"" (if his/her is higher) or ""Son buenas"" to recognize the defeat. After finishing the truco, the winner of envido has to show his cards to the rest of the players by placing

Valedictorian
Valedictorian Valedictorian is an academic title of success used in the United States, Canada, Central America, and the Philippines for the student who delivers the closing or farewell statement at a graduation ceremony (called a valediction). The chosen valedictorian is often the student with the highest ranking (highest Grade Point Average, or GPA for short) among their graduating class. The term is an Anglicised derivation of the Latin ""vale dicere"" (""to say farewell""), historically rooted in the valedictorian's traditional role as the final speaker at the graduation ceremony before the students receive their diplomas. The valedictory address generally is considered

"Signal (bridge)"
contract, the auction, the opening lead or prior play, the cards visible in dummy, the cards visible in one's hand, who has led to the current trick and whether following suit or discarding. Accordingly, partnerships generally have an order of precedence for the interpretation of signals such as that indicated in the adjacent table. In the vast majority of cases, the third-hand follow-suit signal is an attitude signal, but when the attitude signal does not apply, it is a count signal. Usually, it is relatively easy to recognize a signal correctly when the declarer leads – either a count signal

(a union of the ABL and the USBA), and it remains the sanctioning body for bridge tournaments in North America. In 1958, the World Bridge Federation (WBF) was founded to promote bridge worldwide, coordinate periodic revision to the Laws (each ten years, next in 2017) and conduct world championships. In tournaments, ""bidding boxes"" are frequently used, as noted above. These avoid the possibility of players at other tables hearing any spoken bids. The bidding cards are laid out in sequence as the auction progresses. Although it is not a formal rule, many clubs adopt a protocol that the bidding cards

"Honor point count"
Honor point count In contract bridge, the honor point count is a system for hand evaluation. A balanced hand contains no voids or singletons, at most one doubleton and not more than five cards in any suit. Hand patterns fitting these criteria are 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2 and represent 47.6% of all possible deals. Hands with a 5-4-2-2 pattern are considered semi-balanced and if included in the criteria for balanced hands would raise the probability of being dealt one of the four hand patterns to 58.2%. A common practice is to assign values to the four higher honors, called High

has been played, all four players slot their cards back into the board, ready to be played by the next table. The dealer opens the auction and can make the first call, and the auction proceeds clockwise. When it is their turn to call, a player may pass—but can enter into the bidding later—or bid a contract, specifying the level of their contract and either the trump suit or no trump (the denomination), provided that it is higher than the last bid by any player, including their partner. All bids promise to take a number of tricks in excess of

"Kennedy Center Honors"
by the Honorees, the luncheon is held on Saturday at the Kennedy Center, with a welcoming speech by the Chairman of the Board of Trustees. At that evening's reception and dinner at the State Department, presided over by the Secretary of State, the Honorees are introduced and the Honors medallions are presented by the Chairman of the Board. The wide rainbow-colored ribbon then hung around the necks of the recipients, and prominently noticeable when the events are televised, symbolizes ""a spectrum of many skills within the performing arts"" according to creator Ivan Chermayeff. On Sunday, there is an early-evening White

many books have been written detailing bidding conventions. Well-known conventions include Stayman (to ask the opening 1NT bidder to show any four-card major suit), Jacoby transfers (a request by (usually) the weak hand for the partner to bid a particular suit first, and therefore to become the declarer), and the Blackwood convention (to ask for information on the number of aces and kings held, used in slam bidding situations). The term ""preempt"" refers to a high-level tactical bid by a weak hand, relying upon a very long suit rather than high cards for tricks. Preemptive bids serve a double purpose

partner might have difficulty ""reading"" it as low. When you are signaling high, play the highest card you can afford. Having easily readable cards to signal with is part of the luck of the deal. Suppose declarer is drawing trumps and you are out on the third round. Your discard should be an attitude signal for partner. If you play a high diamond, for example, you ask partner to lead diamonds if she should gain the lead. Normally, you would have an honor or honors in diamonds in this case. If you play a low diamond, you ask partner to

"Old Trafford"
Old Trafford Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,994, it is the largest club football stadium (and second largest football stadium overall after Wembley Stadium) in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop. Nicknamed ""The Theatre of Dreams"" by Bobby Charlton, Old Trafford has been United's home ground since 1910, although from 1941 to 1949 the club shared Maine Road with local rivals Manchester City as a result of Second

"Trafford Training Centre"
at the complex, including a medical centre and sports science department, bringing the total construction cost of the training complex to over £60 million. At the end of the 1990s, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson felt that the club's training ground, The Cliff (which had been in use since 1938), was inadequate as the Premier League entered the 21st century. Ferguson was also unhappy about the lack of privacy at The Cliff, with journalists present on a daily basis, opposition team scouts able to watch training sessions, and supporters asking for autographs and photographs with players. The club's board

"Hotel Football"
Hotel Football Hotel Football is an upscale football-themed hotel overlooking Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United F.C.. Owned by former players Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes, Nicky Butt, Phil Neville and Gary Neville as well as the GG Hospitality Management Company; the hotel was built at a cost of £24m and features 133 rooms, a restaurant called Cafe Football and a five-a-side football pitch on the roof. Opened in 2015, the hotel is the first in a planned chain of football-themed hotels to be located near football grounds around the world. Gary Neville initially purchased a plot of land underneath

"Trafford Park"
It was comprehensively rebuilt after the war and re-opened in 1949, until which time Manchester United played their home games at Maine Road, the stadium of Manchester City in Moss Side. At the outbreak of war in 1939 there were an estimated 50,000 workers employed in the park. By the end of the war in 1945 that number had risen to 75,000, probably the peak size of the park's workforce; Metropolitan-Vickers alone employed 26,000. In the 1960s employment in the park began to decline as companies closed their premises in favour of newer, more efficient plants elsewhere. Ellesmere Port and

of the Sir Bobby Charlton Stand, which only has one tier due to construction restrictions. The lower tier of each stand is split into Lower and Upper sections, the Lower sections having been converted from terracing in the early 1990s. The Sir Alex Ferguson Stand, formerly known as the United Road stand and the North Stand, runs over the top of United Road. The stand is three tiers tall, and can hold about 26,000 spectators, the most of the four stands. It can also accommodate a few fans in executive boxes and hospitality suites. It opened in its current state

fixtures – due to UEFA regulations – and for just 15 minutes. Since 2005, the campus has been regularly swept for audio and video recording bugs by security personnel. There are no road signs or markings indicating the existence of the complex. There are a number of entrances into the complex, all guarded by security barriers and manned by security staff, and are . There is also a helipad at the training ground, used for player medicals and transfers, and by the club's owners, the Glazer Family. In April 2013, Manchester United announced an eight-year naming rights agreement with Aon

Trafford Training Centre Trafford Training Centre (currently known as the Aon Training Complex for sponsorship reasons and usually referred to by the synecdoche of Carrington) is the training ground and academy headquarters of English football club Manchester United F.C. It is near the village of Carrington, Greater Manchester, England, and replaced The Cliff as the club's training ground in 2000. Construction on the complex began in 1999, the main building was opened and the first team moved in in 2000, followed in 2002 by the Academy facility, home to the club's renowned youth system. In 2013, major additions were completed

"St James' Park"
St James' Park St James' Park is a football stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is the home of Premier League club Newcastle United F.C. With a seating capacity of 52,388, it is the seventh largest football stadium in England. St James' Park has been the home ground of Newcastle United since 1892 and has been used for football since 1880. Throughout its history, the desire for expansion has caused conflict with local residents and the local council. This has led to proposals to move at least twice in the late 1960s, and a controversial 1995 proposed move to

in 1996, having previously been a single-tiered stand. As the ground's main stand, it houses many of the ground's more popular facilities, including the Red Café (a Manchester United theme restaurant/bar) and the Manchester United museum and trophy room. Originally opened in 1986 as the first of its kind in the world, the Manchester United museum was in the south-east corner of the ground until it moved to the redeveloped North Stand in 1998. The museum was opened by Pelé on 11 April 1998, since when numbers of visitors have jumped from 192,000 in 1998 to more than 300,000 visitors

one timber-built platform immediately adjacent to the stadium and this opened on 21 August 1935. It was initially named United Football Ground, but was renamed Old Trafford Football Ground in early 1936. It was served on match days only by a shuttle service of steam trains from Manchester Central railway station. It is currently known as Manchester United Football Ground. Construction was carried out by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester and development was completed in late 1909. The stadium hosted its inaugural game on 19 February 1910, with United playing host to Liverpool. However, the home side were unable

"If Loving You Is Wrong"
season aired on March 24, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season with 22 more episodes. The second season premiered on September 22, 2015. The second half premiered on March 15, 2016. OWN renewed the series for a third season. The third season of the series premiered on September 13, 2016. The second half of season 3 premiered on March 21, 2017. On August 29, 2017, OWN announced the show's return for the fourth season, which premiered on September 19, 2017. The second half of season 4 premiered on January 10, 2018 and ended

with the season finale on March 7, 2018. On November 28, 2018, OWN announced that the series would return with the fifth season set to premiere in January 2019. If Loving You Is Wrong If Loving You Is Wrong is an American prime time television soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The series premiered on September 9, 2014. It focuses on the lives and relationships of a group of five husbands and wives who live on the same street (Castillo Lane) in the fictional community of Maxine. The show stars Amanda Clayton, Edwina Findley, Heather

very complex lives."" ""If Loving You Is Wrong"" is loosely based on Perry's 2014 film ""The Single Moms Club"". Actress Zulay Henao reprised her movie role of Esperanza, although her character and storyline was rebooted for the TV series. It was officially ordered straight-to-series on January 9, 2014. It premiered on September 9, 2014, on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), and the first half of the first season finale aired on November 4, 2014. The series premiere was the highest-rated in OWN history, setting a new record over ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". The second half of the first

"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4)"
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4) The fourth and final season of ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"" premiered on The CW on October 12, 2018 and will consist of 18 episodes. The season stars Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Bunch, a distraught young woman, dealing with the consequences of pleading guilty to attempted murder at the end of the previous season. Vincent Rodriguez III, Donna Lynne Champlin, Pete Gardner, Vella Lovell, Gabrielle Ruiz, Scott Michael Foster, and Skylar Astin co-star. Every song listed is performed by Rebecca, except where indicated. This season, at the end of the theme song, the woman who is ""mistaken"" for Rebecca

"Returning the Favor"
25, 2018, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that Facebook had renewed the series for a third season. On November 23, 2018, it was reported that season three would premiere on on November 27, 2018. In November 2017, ""Returning the Favor"" was one of five shows cited by Got Your 6, an entertainment industry-affiliated veterans organization with a Got Your 6 certification. In recognizing the series, the organization specifically cited the pilot episode, featuring a former Army engineer running a therapeutic motorcycle building program for other veterans, and episode six, which featured a quadruple

If Loving You Is Wrong If Loving You Is Wrong is an American prime time television soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The series premiered on September 9, 2014. It focuses on the lives and relationships of a group of five husbands and wives who live on the same street (Castillo Lane) in the fictional community of Maxine. The show stars Amanda Clayton, Edwina Findley, Heather Hemmens, Zulay Henao, and April Parker Jones as the five female leads Alex, Kelly, Marcie, Esperanza and Natalie on ""their quest to find love in the midst of managing

"Time Crisis with Ezra Koenig"
guests included Rashida Jones, Jamie Foxx, Mark Ronson, Jonah Hill and Azealia Banks. Season 2 aired in 2016. Notable guests included Jerrod Carmichael, Jonah Hill, Jennifer Saenz and Ariel Rechtshaid. Season 3 aired in 2017. Notable guests included Jerrod Carmichael, Cazzie David, Tim Heidecker, Zachary Fox and Seinfeld theme composer, Jonathan Wolff. Season 4 began on January 14, 2018. Notable guest stars so far include Carson Mell, Rashida Jones, T-Pain, Chris Baio, Alanis Morissette, Dave Longstreth, Cazzie David, Jason Mantzoukas and Hannah Fidell. Time Crisis with Ezra Koenig Time Crisis with Ezra Koenig is a fortnightly radio show created and

"Unforgettable (season 4)"
involving tampering with Carrie's memory. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Unforgettable (season 4) The fourth and final season of the American television drama series ""Unforgettable"" premiered on November 27, 2015 on A&E and aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm and 10:00 PM. After being cancelled twice by CBS, ""Unforgettable"" was picked up by A&E for a fourth season. The season premiered on November 27, 2015, with two back-to-back episodes. The final four episodes all aired on January 22, 2016. In February 2016, A&E opted not to order a fifth season. The final episode of season four ended on a cliffhanger with Al being shot

"You're the Worst"
and its effect on modern relationships. In September 2016, FX renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 6, 2017. In November 2017, FX renewed the series for a fifth and final season to premiere on January 9, 2019. Jimmy and Gretchen meet at the wedding of Vernon and Becca Barbara. Jimmy, whom Becca turned down when he proposed two years earlier, is convinced Becca only invited him to rub her marriage to Vernon in his face. He nevertheless showed up, determined to ruin Becca's day as payback. Gretchen came as the guest of Becca's sister, Lindsay,

"Revenge (season 4)"
Revenge (season 4) The fourth and final season of the ABC American television drama series ""Revenge"" premiered on September 28, 2014. The show continues to air Sundays at 10:00 pm (ET). This season sees several cast changes as both Barry Sloane and Henry Czerny's characters, Aiden Mathis and Conrad Grayson, were killed off in the Season 3 finale. This is the first season not to feature Czerny's character. James Tupper and Karine Vanasse who play David Clarke and Margaux LeMarchal respectively, have been upgraded to series regulars. The series stars Madeleine Stowe and Emily VanCamp. Brian Hallisay was cast as

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 16)"
learn Paso doble, Jacoby Jones did not learn Samba, Kellie Pickler did not learn Salsa, and Zendaya did not learn Rumba. Each of the four finalists also did not dance one of the two new dance styles introduced this season. Raisman and Zendaya did not dance Jazz while Pickler and Jones did not dance Contemporary (although Pickler danced a Contemporary freestyle in the finals and Raisman did an Afro-Jazz routine picked from Twitter). Pickler and her partner Derek Hough won the competition, marking his fourth of six wins and increasing his lead on the show as the professional dancer who

not included): ""Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli."" At the results show of this week, it was announced that Dorothy Hamill would be withdrawing from the show by doctors orders due to an injury she had suffered from during training prior to this week. Either Lisa or Victor would have been eliminated this week, but they were ""saved"" from elimination due to Hamill's withdrawal from the competition. Jacoby & Karina and Zendaya & Val each received two

bonus points in the Prom King and Queen voting, bringing both couples' total scores to 26 each. Couples performed one unlearned dance celebrating the most memorable year of their lives. Each celebrity included a brief solo during their routines. Kyle Jacobs, Kellie Pickler's husband, performed his own song, which he wrote for Kellie. During the results show, Karina Smirnoff and Valentin Chmerkovskiy were revealed to have received the most Twitter votes (hashtag #ProName) on Monday night's performance show. Each couple had to select two other professionals that had either been eliminated, featured in previous seasons, or participated in the troupe.

season 16 include Chelsie Hightower, Louis van Amstel, Anna Trebunskaya, and Maksim Chmerkovskiy (he eventually returned for season 18 and won). Lindsay Arnold, a contestant from season nine of ""So You Think You Can Dance"" was introduced as a new professional along with Troupe member Sharna Burgess. Gleb Savchenko, who recently participated as a professional on season twelve of the Australian version, was also announced as a new professional. Witney Carson, also a contestant from season nine of ""So You Think You Can Dance"", and Julian Tocker joined Oksana Dmytrenko, Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, and Sasha Farber as the fifth

They then performed simultaneously with those professional dancers. Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Anna Trebunskaya, Chelsie Hightower, Tony Dovolani and Tristan MacManus were among the pros returning as well as Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, Sasha Farber and Witney Carson from the troupe. Each couple performed to a song by Stevie Wonder. Hunter Hayes performed a duet with Wonder for an opening performance. Each couple also performed a team dance picked by the highest scoring couples Zendaya and Val (Team Paso doble) and Kellie and Derek (Team Samba). Each couple danced to a Latin hit. After having danced, the top scoring couple was saved

has won the most mirror ball trophies. The cast of eleven and their professional partners was announced on February 26, 2013 on ""Good Morning America"", with Jacoby Jones' participation confirmed two days earlier on February 24 during a network promo for the series airing during the 85th Oscars as a tease for the ""GMA"" announcement. This season saw its youngest contestant to date—16-year-old Zendaya (previously being Shawn Johnson from season 8 at 17). Although in Season 20, the record was taken from Zendaya by Willow Shields who competed when she was 14. The following professionals who did not return for

and sixth members of the Dance Troupe. Two weeks following the cast announcement, Sean Lowe as revealed on ""GMA"" as the 12th contestant this season partnering with Peta Murgatroyd. After only two dances, Dorothy Hamill withdrew from the competition due to a potential severe back injury. She is the third celebrity to withdraw due to injury, after Misty May-Treanor in season seven and Tom DeLay in season nine. Sara Evans in season three also quit, but that time it was due to her impending divorce. This also marks the second consecutive season where Tristan MacManus and his partner have gone

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 17)"
no results show, those scores will be added to the public votes from the previous week, and the couple with the lowest combined score from judges and viewer votes will be eliminated from the competition toward the end of that week’s episode. On November 26, Amber Riley and her partner Derek Hough were crowned the champions, making Riley the first African-American woman to win. Corbin Bleu and Karina Smirnoff became the runners-up, and Jack Osbourne and Cheryl Burke received third place. Hough received his fifth of six mirrorball trophies, a series record for a professional dancer. The cast of twelve

"Strictly Come Dancing (series 16)"
called ""couple's choice"", giving a total of 18 dance styles in the competition. The winners were Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton. Runners-up Ashley Roberts and Faye Tozer matched Caroline Flack's record in 2014 of scoring perfect 40s for all three dances in the final. Roberts also set a record of achieving the most 40s during a series, with five. On 30 May 2018, the list of professionals returning for the sixteenth series was revealed. Professionals from the last series who did not return included Series 1 winner Brendan Cole and Chloe Hewitt. Graziano Di Prima, Johannes Radebe and Luba Mushtuk

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 15)"
Six of the returning finalists, however, had already won the title in prior seasons (Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, Emmitt Smith, Apolo Anton Ohno, Helio Castroneves, and Shawn Johnson). Season eight saw the most returning contestants, with 3 out of the 13 contestants coming from that season (Gilles Marini, Shawn Johnson, and Melissa Rycroft). In addition, it was the only season to date to offer fractional (0.5) scores. Five contestants reunited with their original partners, while the other eight danced with new ones. Season eight finalist Melissa Rycroft defeated season eight champion Shawn Johnson and season one champion Kelly Monaco to

"Airtel Payments Bank"
their LPG subsidies in their Airtel Payment Bank accounts. However, on July 12, 2018, Airtel Payments Bank received requisite approvals from the Reserved Bank of India and Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to resume on-boarding new customers using of Aadhaar based e-KYC. The bank's capital at its establishment was 3,000 crore ($441 million). Airtel Payments Bank reported deposits of Rs 68.33 crore at the end of the financial year ended 31 March 2017, which was its first year of operation. Airtel Payments Bank Airtel Payments Bank is a public limited company with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. The

payments and transfers, customers are not required to furnish their bank details to enable transactions. AirTel Money is a digital wallet by AirTel Payment Bank that allows users to make payments using ""My Airtel app"" or USSD. Airtel Payments Bank and Bharti Axa Life Insurance have started to provide government's insurance plan Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana in August 2018. The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) suspended Bharti Airtel and Airtel Payment Bank's licence for eKYC of Aadhar on 16 December 2017, following complaints from customers that their accounts were being opened without their consent. Some even received

Airtel Payments Bank Airtel Payments Bank is a public limited company with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. The company is a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel. It is the first company in India to receive a payments bank license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and it became the first live payments bank in the country. On April 11, 2016 the Reserve Bank of India issued the license under Section 22 (1) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949 to Airtel Payments Bank. Airtel Payments Bank is a joint venture between Bharti Airtel Ltd. and Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.. Kotak Mahindra

Bank holds 19.9% stake in the Airtel Payments Bank. In 2015, eleven companies received In-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India to set up payments bank under the guidelines for Licensing of Payments Bank. Airtel was one of them, and it launched Airtel Payments Bank in September 2016. Airtel's first payments bank went live with its pilot project in Rajasthan in November 2016. In September 2017, Airtel Payments Bank launched UPI enabled digital payments to facilitate secure digital payments for its customers. Customers need to link their bank accounts on BHIM before they can make UPI payments. For UPI-based

"Airtel India"
TD-LTE (2300 MHz spectrum band) and FD-LTE (1800) enabling better spectrum utilization and efficiency. The network achieved data speeds of up to 135 Mbit/s. Airtel has started a new mCommerce platform called Airtel Money in collaboration with Infosys and SmartTrust (now Giesecke & Devrient). The platform was launched on 5 April 2012, at Infosys' headquarters in Bangalore. Uing Airtel Money, users can transfer money, pay bills and perform other financial transactions directly on the mobile phone. It has an all-India presence. Certain charges are levied per Airtel Money transaction. The iPhone 3G was rolled out in India in 2008 by

Airtel. However, high prices and contract bonds discouraged consumers and it was not as successful as the iPhone is in other markets of the world. Airtel introduced the iPhone 4 on 27 May 2011 and the iPhone 5 on 2 November 2012. The Airtel wireless subscriber base according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) as of 31 May 2018 Airtel is the market leader in India with about 344.55 million wireless subscribers in India or about 30.46% market share at the end of 31 MAY 2018. In 2016 version of The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory,

"Universal Air Travel Plan"
Universal Air Travel Plan Universal Air Travel Plan, Inc. (UATP) is the airline owned payment network accepted by thousands of merchants for air, rail, hotel and travel agency payments. UATP is owned by 32 airline shareholders, issued by 26 major airlines and accepted by merchants around the world. Established in 1936 as Air Travel Card, UATP was the first charge card issued. AirPlus, established in 1986 and now owned by Lufthansa, is a major issuer of UATP cards. UATP also connects airlines to alternative forms of payment brands such as Acculynk, Cash-Ticket, PayPal, Ceridian Stored Value Solutions and Ukash. UATP

"Axiata Group"
over 300 million subscriber across Asia and a group revenue of MYR19.9 billion (USD4.52 billion) in 2015. It was also reported that the company provided employment to 25,000 people in ten countries. Axiata’s mobile subsidiaries and associates operate under the brand name ‘Celcom’ in Malaysia, ‘XL’ in Indonesia, ‘Dialog’ in Sri Lanka, ‘Robi’ in Bangladesh, ‘Smart’ in Cambodia, ‘Idea’ in India, 'Ncell' in Nepal (acquisition from TeliaSonera completed on 12 April 2016), and ‘M1’ in Singapore. On 4 January 2018, ""Bloomberg"" reported that Axiata is planning a domestic IPO of its tower subsidiary Edotco. The IPO is expected to raise

"Bharti Airtel"
and fixed line telephone services. Until 18 September 2004, Bharti provided fixed line telephony and broadband services under the Touchtel brand. Bharti now provides all telecom services including fixed line services under the common brand airtel. As of September 2012, Airtel provides Telemedia services to 3.3 million customers in 87 cities. As on 30 November 2012, Airtel had 1.39 million broadband subscribers. Airtel Broadband provides broadband and IPTV services. Airtel provides both capped as well as unlimited download plans. However, Airtel's unlimited plans are subject to free usage policy (FUP), which reduces speed after the customer crosses a certain data

"Dialog Axiata"
Dialog Axiata Dialog Axiata PLC (Sinhalese: ඩයලොග් ආසියාටා පීඑල්සී ""Dayalog Asiyata Pielsi""; Tamil:டயலொக் ஆசியாடா பிஎல்சி) (formerly known as MTN Networks and Dialog Telekom), is one of Sri Lanka's largest telecommunications service provider with the country's largest mobile network operator of 13.4 million subscribers and commands a 44% of the Sri Lankan mobile market. Dialog is a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad which owns 83.32% controlling stake of the company while the rest is held by the public. Dialog was Listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in 2005 June As of February 2017 Dialog Axiata holds billion () in market capitalization

Crucifix
religious services. They believe use of the crucifix is in keeping with the statement by Saint Paul in Scripture, ""we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God"". In the West altar crosses and processional crosses began to be crucifixes in the 11th century, which became general around the 14th century, as they became cheaper. The Roman Rite requires that ""either on the altar or near it, there is to be a cross, with the figure

Crucifix
spear wound in his ribs traditionally indicating that he is dead. In either case his face very often shows his suffering. In Orthodoxy he has normally been shown as dead since around the end of the period of Byzantine Iconoclasm. Eastern crucifixes have Jesus' two feet nailed side by side, rather than crossed one above the other, as Western crucifixes have shown them since around the 13th century. The crown of thorns is also generally absent in Eastern crucifixes, since the emphasis is not on Christ's suffering, but on his triumph over sin and death. The ""S""-shaped position of Jesus'

"Crucifixion in the arts"
churches in the Middle Ages, and small wall-mounted crucifixes were increasingly popular in Catholic homes from the Counter-Reformation, if not before. As a broad generalization, the earliest depictions, before about 900, tended to show all three crosses (those of Jesus, the Good Thief and the Bad Thief), but later medieval depictions mostly showed just Jesus and his cross. From the Renaissance either type might be shown. The number of other figures shown depended on the size and medium of the work, but there was a similar trend for early depictions to show a number of figures, giving way in the

Crucifix
then all clergy, followed by the homes of the laity, spreading down from the top of society as these became cheap enough for the average person to afford. Most towns had a large crucifix erected as a monument, or some other shrine at the crossroads of the town. By the 19th century displaying a crucifix somewhere in the general reception areas of a house became typical of Catholic homes. Richer Catholics could afford a room set aside for a chapel. Roman Catholic (both Eastern and Western), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran Christians generally use the crucifix in public

subject for artistic portrayal. The purported discovery of the True Cross by Constantine's mother, Helena, and the development of Golgotha as a site for pilgrimage, together with the dispersal of fragments of the relic across the Christian world, led to a change of attitude. It was probably in Palestine that the image developed, and many of the earliest depictions are on the Monza ampullae, small metal flasks for holy oil, that were pilgrim's souvenirs from the Holy Land, as well as 5th-century ivory reliefs from Italy. Prior to the Middle Ages, early Christians preferred to focus on the ""triumphant"" Christ,

"Crucifixion of Jesus"
the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are ""stauros"" () and ""xylon"" (). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross. The Latin word ""crux"" was also applied to objects other than a cross. However, early

"Altar crucifix"
now affordable by all churches, however, it was not until the Roman Missal of Pius V in 1570 that there is any mention of an obligation to have the crucifix on the altar. Early Christians were not accustomed to publicly expose the cross or crucifix due to fear of subjecting it to the insults of pagans or scandalizing the weak. To avoid this, they often used symbols like the anchor or trident. The crucifix placed upon the altar is intended to serve as a reminder to the people in attendance and the celebrant of the believed nature of the Eucharist

extra figures of Mary Magdalene, disciples, especially The Three Marys behind the Virgin Mary, soldiers often including an officer on a horse, and angels in the sky. The moment when Longinus the centurion pierces Christ with his spear (the ""Holy Lance"") is often shown, and the blood and water spurting from Christ's side is often caught in a chalice held by an angel. In larger images the other two crosses might return, but most often not. In some works donor portraits were included in the scene. Such depictions begin in the late 12th century, and become common where space allows

in the late 11th century, and became more common from the 12th century, though they may have been expensive at first. By the start of the 13th century, treatises by Pope Innocent III expect there to be a cross between two candles on the altar during the mass. This period was also the era when candlesticks, also probably carried in procession at the start of a service, started appearing upon altars instead of nearby, and as such marked a rather large evolution in the adornment of altars. Around the 14th century, altar crosses were almost universally replaced by crucifixes, probably

Crucifixion
with ropes to hang from the elevated ""patibulum"" while it was fastened to the ""stipes"". Next the feet or ankles would be nailed to the upright stake. The 'nails' were tapered iron spikes approximately long, with a square shaft across. The ""titulus"" would also be fastened to the cross to notify onlookers of the person's name and crime as they hung on the cross, further maximizing the public impact. There may have been considerable variation in the position in which prisoners were nailed to their crosses and how their bodies were supported while they died. Seneca the Younger recounts: ""I

"History of mobile phones"
for voice and data communications. In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to allow mobile users to place and receive telephone calls from automobiles, leading to the inauguration of mobile service on June 17th 1946 in St. Louis, Missouri. Shortly after, AT&T offered ""Mobile Telephone Service"". A wide range of mostly incompatible mobile telephone services offered limited coverage area and only a few available channels in urban areas. The introduction of cellular technology, which allowed re-use of frequencies many times in small adjacent areas covered by relatively low powered transmitters, made widespread adoption of

ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. Posthumously, ARP is sometimes viewed as a ""zero generation"" (0G) cellular network, being slightly above previous proprietary and limited coverage networks. Prior to 1973, mobile telephony was limited to phones installed in cars and other vehicles. Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs, his rival. The prototype handheld phone used by Dr. Cooper weighed and measured .

the prevalence of its use, with smartphones becoming common globally and a growing proportion of Internet access now done via mobile broadband. Before the devices existed that are now referred to as mobile phones or cell phones, there were some precursors. In 1908, a Professor Albert Jahnke and the Oakland Transcontinental Aerial Telephone and Power Company claimed to have developed a wireless telephone. They were accused of fraud and the charge was then dropped, but they do not seem to have proceeded with production. Beginning in 1918, the German railroad system tested wireless telephony on military trains between Berlin and

to allow for low latency, low bit rate communications such as VoIP. The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on 1 October 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the US. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). European

"Mobile phone"
support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, video games, and digital photography. Mobile phones offering only those capabilities are known as feature phones; mobile phones which offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs). In 1979, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) launched the world's first cellular network in Japan. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first

Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive ""generations"", starting with the early zeroth-generation (0G) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive. The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using

vulnerable to eavesdropping via a scanner; it was susceptible to cell phone ""cloning"" and it used a Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) scheme and required significant amounts of wireless spectrum to support. On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100M to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands. Many

"Martin Cooper (inventor)"
[[Category:American inventors]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Chicago]] [[Category:Illinois Institute of Technology alumni]] [[Category:American naval personnel of the Korean War]] [[Category:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]] [[Category:Mensans]] [[Category:IEEE Centennial Medal laureates]] [[Category:Jewish inventors]] Martin Cooper (inventor) Martin ""Marty"" Cooper (born December 26, 1928) is an American engineer. He is a pioneer in the wireless communications industry, especially in radio spectrum management, with eleven patents in the field. While at Motorola in the 1970s, Cooper invented the first handheld cellular mobile phone (distinct from the car phone) in 1973 and led the

connected calls automatically. In December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles. At this stage, the technology to implement these ideas did not exist, nor had the frequencies been allocated. Two decades would pass before Richard H. Frenkiel, Joel S. Engel and Philip T. Porter of Bell Labs expanded the early proposals into a much more detailed system plan. It was Porter who first proposed that the cell towers use the now-familiar directional antennas to reduce interference and increase channel reuse (see picture at right) Porter also invented

station, connected to one telephone wire line, could serve up to 15 customers. The advances in mobile telephony can be traced in successive ""generations"" from the early ""0G"" services like MTS and its successor Improved Mobile Telephone Service, to first-generation (1G) analog cellular network, second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks, third-generation (3G) broadband data services to the state-of-the-art, fourth-generation (4G) native-IP networks. In 1949, AT&T commercialized Mobile Telephone Service. From its start in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1946, AT&T introduced Mobile Telephone Service to one hundred towns and highway corridors by 1948. Mobile Telephone Service was a rarity with only 5,000

"1985 Mexico City earthquake"
1986 with a magnitude of 7.0. They were located off the coast along the Middle America Trench, more than away, but the city suffered major damage due to its large magnitude and the ancient lake bed that Mexico City sits on. The event caused between three and four billion USD in damage as 412 buildings collapsed and another 3,124 were seriously damaged in the city. Much of Mexico's volcanic and seismic activity stems from the movement of the North American plate against the Cocos and Pacific plates and it is one of the most active trenches in the world. Each

"Interplate earthquake"
Interplate earthquake An interplate earthquake is an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates. Earthquakes of this type account for more than 90 percent of the total seismic energy released around the world. If one plate is trying to move past the other, they will be locked until sufficient stress builds up to cause the plates to slip relative to each other. The slipping process creates an earthquake with relative displacement on either side of the fault, resulting in seismic waves which travel through the Earth and along the Earth's surface. Relative plate motion can be lateral

"New Madrid Seismic Zone"
New Madrid Seismic Zone The New Madrid Seismic Zone (), sometimes called the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes (earthquakes within a tectonic plate) in the southern and midwestern United States, stretching to the southwest from New Madrid, Missouri. The New Madrid fault system was responsible for the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes and has the potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Since 1812, frequent smaller earthquakes have been recorded in the area. Earthquakes that occur in the New Madrid Seismic Zone potentially threaten parts of eight American states:

"Laguna Salada Fault"
Laguna Salada Fault The Laguna Salada Fault is a geological fault between the United States and Mexico. About long, it straddles the Imperial County-California–Baja California border. According to some seismologists the 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake ranks among the largest earthquakes in California and Baja California in historic times. It occurred on 23 February 1892, and was centered near Laguna Salada in Baja California. The Laguna Salada Fault is thought to be the origin of the 2010 Baja California earthquake. Prior to this, the fault had not produced a major earthquake for over 100 years, since 1892. The Laguna Salada Fault

In July 2014, the USGS increased the risk assessment for the New Madrid area. New Madrid Seismic Zone The New Madrid Seismic Zone (), sometimes called the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes (earthquakes within a tectonic plate) in the southern and midwestern United States, stretching to the southwest from New Madrid, Missouri. The New Madrid fault system was responsible for the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes and has the potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Since 1812, frequent smaller earthquakes have been recorded in the area. Earthquakes that

"2003 Colima earthquake"
the Colima-Guadalajara Highway and the port of Manzanillo. Power and telephone outages occurred in Mexico City. A local tsunami of about 1 m (peak-to-trough) was recorded at Manzanillo. A seiche was observed on Lake Pontchartrain in the US state of Louisiana, and sediment was stirred up in several Louisiana wells. This shallow earthquake occurred in a seismically active zone near the coast of central Mexico. The earthquake occurred near the juncture of three tectonic plates: the North American Plate to the northeast, the Rivera Plate to the northwest, and the Cocos Plate to the south. Both the Rivera Plate and

"1887 Sonora earthquake"
and landslides and caused ground fissures. Moderate to severe damage occurred in northeastern Sonora, northwestern Chihuahua, southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona and the westernmost part of Texas. The earthquake was associated with a surface rupture consisting of three segments with a combined length of 101.8 km, the longest normal fault rupture recorded for an earthquake in historic times. The three faults that ruptured were the Pitáycachi, Teras, and Otates faults from north to south. The magnitude of the event has been estimated as 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale from an analysis of an isoseismal map drawn up for this

"Chortis Block"
Chortis Block The Chortis Block is a -wide continental fragment in Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and the off-shore Nicaragua Rise) located in the northwest corner of the oceanic Caribbean Plate. The northern margin of the Chortis Block is the Motagua-Polochic fault of the North American-Caribbean strike-slip boundary. The Cocos/Farallon Plate subducts beneath its western margin resulting in the Middle America Trench and the Central America Volcanic Arc. Miocene-Holocene-aged rifts in the northern and western Chortis Block is the result of slow internal deformation. The southern and eastern extent is roughly the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border and the offshore

"1787 New Spain earthquake"
height has been estimated as 18.5 m, based on records of inundation and current elevations. The earthquake caused damage to buildings in Mexico City and many buildings in Oaxaca City were destroyed. Three churches in Teuchitlan were destroyed. The rupture behaviour of the subduction interface in the area of the 1787 earthquake involves occasional very large earthquakes, such as that in 1787, with smaller (M7) earthquakes rupturing just part of the plate boundary during the intervening period. Similar behaviour has been observed along the Colombia-Ecuador subduction zone, with three M7 earthquakes since the M8.8 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake rupturing just part

"Convergent boundary"
the convergent boundary of the Indian plate and Burma microplate and killed over 200,000 people. The 2011 tsunami off the coast of Japan, which caused 16,000 deaths and did $360 billion USD in damage, was caused by a magnitude 9 earthquake along the convergent boundary of the Eurasian plate and Pacific Plate. Convergent boundary Convergent boundaries are areas on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone. These collisions happen

"Earth's rotation"
the Moon being tidally locked with the Earth. This gradual rotational deceleration is empirically documented with estimates of day lengths obtained from observations of tidal rhythmites and stromatolites; a compilation of these measurements found the length of day to increase steadily from about 21 hours at 600Myr ago to the current 24 hour value. By counting the microscopic lamina that form at higher tides, tidal frequencies (and thus day lengths) can be estimated, much like counting tree rings, though these estimates can be increasingly unreliable at older ages. The current rate of tidal deceleration is anomalously high, implying the Earth's

in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth's orbit. Both vary over thousands of years, so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies. Generally, it is longer than the mean solar day during two periods of the year and shorter during another two. The true solar day tends to be longer near perihelion when the Sun apparently moves along the ecliptic through a greater angle than usual, taking about longer to do so. Conversely, it is about shorter near aphelion. It is about longer near a solstice when the projection of the Sun's apparent motion along the ecliptic

the precessing mean vernal equinox, named ""sidereal day"", is seconds of mean solar time (UT1) , mean solar days). Thus, the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about . Both the stellar day and the sidereal day are shorter than the mean solar day by about . The mean solar day in SI seconds is available from the IERS for the periods and . Recently (1999–2010) the average annual length of the mean solar day in excess of 86,400 SI seconds has varied between and , which must be added to both the stellar and sidereal days

Rotation period In astronomy, the rotation period of a celestial object is the time that it takes to complete one revolution around its axis of rotation relative to the background stars. It differs from the planet's solar day, which includes an extra fractional rotation needed to accommodate the portion of the planet's orbital period during one day. For solid objects, such as rocky planets and asteroids, the rotation period is a single value. For gaseous/fluid bodies, such as stars and gas giants, the period of rotation varies from the equator to the poles due to a phenomenon called differential rotation.

once every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds with respect to the stars (see below). Earth's rotation is slowing slightly with time; thus, a day was shorter in the past. This is due to the tidal effects the Moon has on Earth's rotation. Atomic clocks show that a modern day is longer by about 1.7 milliseconds than a century ago, slowly increasing the rate at which UTC is adjusted by leap seconds. Analysis of historical astronomical records shows a slowing trend of about 2.3 milliseconds per century since the 8th century BCE. Among the ancient Greeks, several of the

rotational velocity must have decreased more slowly in the past. Empirical data tentatively shows a sharp increase in rotational deceleration about 600Myr ago. Some models suggest that the Earth maintained a constant day length of 21 hours throughout much of the Precambrian. This day length corresponds to the semidiurnal resonant period of the thermally-driven atmospheric tide; at this day length, the decelerative lunar torque could have been canceled by an accelerative torque from the atmospheric tide, resulting in no net torque and a constant rotational period. This stabilizing effect could have been broken by a sudden change in global temperature.

given in mean solar time above to obtain their lengths in SI seconds (see Fluctuations in the length of day). The angular speed of Earth's rotation in inertial space is radians per SI second (mean solar second). Multiplying by (180°/π radians) × (86,400 seconds/mean solar day) yields 360.9856°/mean solar day, indicating that Earth rotates more than 360° relative to the fixed stars in one solar day. Earth's movement along its nearly circular orbit while it is rotating once around its axis requires that Earth rotate slightly more than once relative to the fixed stars before the mean Sun can pass

onto the celestial equator causes the Sun to move through a greater angle than usual. Conversely, near an equinox the projection onto the equator is shorter by about . Currently, the perihelion and solstice effects combine to lengthen the true solar day near by solar seconds, but the solstice effect is partially cancelled by the aphelion effect near when it is only longer. The effects of the equinoxes shorten it near and by and , respectively. The average of the true solar day during the course of an entire year is the ""mean solar day"", which contains solar seconds. Currently,

hence the rate of rotation can vary (because the product of the moment of inertia and the rate of rotation is equal to the angular momentum, which is fixed). Hyperion, a satellite of Saturn, exhibits this behaviour, and its rotation period is described as chaotic. Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun (its mean solar day) consists of 86,400 seconds of mean solar time, by definition. Each of these seconds is slightly longer than an SI second because Earth's solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century, due to tidal deceleration. The mean solar second

Recent computational simulations support this hypothesis and suggest the Marinoan or Sturtian glaciations broke this stable configuration about 600Myr ago, citing the resemblance of simulated results and existing paleorotational data. Additionally, some large-scale events, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, have caused the length of a day to shorten by 3 microseconds by affecting the Earth's moment of inertia. Post-glacial rebound, ongoing since the last Ice age, is also changing the distribution of the Earth's mass thus affecting the moment of inertia of the Earth and, by the conservation of angular momentum, the Earth's rotation period. The primary monitoring

on which river did the exploration of the louisiana purchase begin

"Louisiana Purchase"
to explore and map the new territory. All three started from the Mississippi River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) traveled up the Missouri River; the Red River Expedition (1806) explored the Red River basin; the Pike Expedition (1806) also started up the Missouri, but turned south to explore the Arkansas River watershed. The maps and journals of the explorers helped to define the boundaries during the negotiations leading to the Adams–Onís Treaty, which set the western boundary as follows: north up the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to its intersection with the 32nd parallel, due north to

"History of Louisiana"
groups are known to have inhabited the state's territory when the Europeans began colonization: Many current place names in the state, including Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (as Avoyelles), are transliterations of those used in various Native American languages. The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Panfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. In 1542, Hernando de Soto's expedition skirted to the north and west of the state (encountering Caddo and Tunica groups) and then followed the Mississippi River down to the Gulf

permanent settlement, Fort Maurepas (at what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near Biloxi), was founded in 1699 by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, a French military officer from Canada. The French colony of Louisiana originally claimed all the land on both sides of the Mississippi River and north to French territory in Canada around the Great Lakes. A royal ordinance of 1722—following the transfer of the Illinois Country's governance from Canada to Louisiana—may have featured the broadest definition of the region: all land claimed by France south of the Great Lakes between the Rocky Mountains and the Alleghenies A generation later,

trade conflicts between Canada and Louisiana led to a more defined boundary between the French colonies; in 1745, Louisiana governor general Vaudreuil set the northern and eastern bounds of his domain as the Wabash valley up to the mouth of the Vermilion River (near present-day Danville, Illinois); from there, northwest to ""le Rocher"" on the Illinois River, and from there west to the mouth of the Rock River (at present day Rock Island, Illinois). Thus, Vincennes and Peoria were the limit of Louisiana'a reach; the outposts at Ouiatenon (on the upper Wabash near present-day Lafayette, Indiana), Chicago, Fort Miamis (near

Louisiana
Parish and Gahagan Mounds Site in Red River Parish. Many current place names in Louisiana, including Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (as Avoyelles), are transliterations of those used in various Native American languages. The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Pánfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. In 1542, Hernando de Soto's expedition skirted to the north and west of the state (encountering Caddo and Tunica groups) and then followed the Mississippi River down to the Gulf of Mexico in 1543. Spanish interest

Louisiana
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville brought the first two African slaves to Louisiana in 1708, transporting them from a French colony in the West Indies. In 1709, French financier Antoine Crozat obtained a monopoly of commerce in La Louisiane, which extended from the Gulf of Mexico to what is now Illinois. ""That concession allowed him to bring in a cargo of blacks from Africa every year,"" the British historian Hugh Thomas wrote. Physical conditions, including disease, were so harsh there was high mortality among both the colonists and the slaves, resulting in continuing demand and importation of slaves. Starting

Louisiana
Wabash near present-day Lafayette, Indiana), Chicago, Fort Miamis (near present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana), and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, operated as dependencies of Canada. The settlement of Natchitoches (along the Red River in present-day northwest Louisiana) was established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis, making it the oldest permanent European settlement in the modern state of Louisiana. The French settlement had two purposes: to establish trade with the Spanish in Texas via the Old San Antonio Road, and to deter Spanish advances into Louisiana. The settlement soon became a flourishing river port and crossroads, giving rise to vast cotton

century, when French expeditions, which had imperial, religious and commercial aims, established a foothold on the Mississippi River and Gulf Coast. With its first settlements, France lay claim to a vast region of North America and set out to establish a commercial empire and French nation stretching from the Gulf of Mexico through Canada. It was also establishing settlements in Canada, from the Maritimes westward along the St. Lawrence River and into the region surrounding the Great Lakes. The French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle named the region Louisiana in 1682 to honor France's King Louis XIV. The first

Louisiana
now Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near Biloxi), was founded in 1699 by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, a French military officer from Canada. By then the French had also built a small fort at the mouth of the Mississippi at a settlement they named La Balise (or La Balize), ""seamark"" in French. By 1721 they built a wooden lighthouse-type structure here to guide ships on the river. A royal ordinance of 1722—following the Crown's transfer of the Illinois Country's governance from Canada to Louisiana—may have featured the broadest definition of Louisiana: all land claimed by France south of the Great Lakes between

"Louisiana (New France)"
French exploration of the area began with the 1673 expedition of Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, which charted the upper Mississippi. As noted above, Upper Louisiana was primarily settled by colonists from French Canada. There was further substantial intermarriage and integration with the local Illinois peoples. French settlers were attracted by the availability of arable farmland as well as by the forests, abundant with animals suitable for hunting and trapping. Between 1699 and 1760, six major settlements were established in Upper Louisiana: Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Fort de Chartres, Saint Philippe, and Prairie du Rocher, all on the east side of the

"Tsunamis affecting the British Isles"
no earthquakes were recorded at the time. However the British Geological Survey concluded that it was unlikely to have been caused by a submarine landslide and was probably a meteotsunami. A widespread flood was reported in the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" to have occurred in western Britain, from the coast of Cumbria to Kent, on 28 September 1014. William of Malmesbury stated that ""A tidal wave... grew to an astonishing size such as the memory of man cannot parallel, so as to submerge villages many miles inland and overwhelm and drown their inhabitants."" The event was also mentioned in Welsh bardic chronicles.

and Denmark on 5 June 1858. A witness stated that at 09:15, the sea in Pegwell Bay, North Kent, ""suddenly receded about 200 yards and returned to its former position within the space of about 20 minutes"". ""The Times"" reported severe thunderstorms and flooding in the west of England on the same day. Due to the weather conditions, it may have been a meteotsunami. In the 1990s, geologists realised that the Cumbre Vieja volcano in La Palma, in the Canary Islands off North Africa, could pose a tsunami risk to Britain and Ireland, as it is seemingly unstable. They concluded

rapidly, then ebbed equally rapidly. The sea rose in Penzance and at Newlyn; the same effect was reported at St Ives and Hayle. Although there is no record of the overall death toll, the 19th-century French writer Arnold Boscowitz claimed that ""great loss of life and property occurred upon the coasts of Cornwall"". The tsunami also reached Galway in Ireland, at a height of two metres, and caused some serious damage to the ""Spanish Arch"" section of the city wall. On 20 July 1929 a wave reported as being between 3.5 and 6 metres high struck the south coast including

On 28 September 1014 ◦Accounts suggest that a flood affected Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Cumbria, and Mount’s Bay in Cornwall, where the Bay was ""inundated by a ‘mickle seaflood’ when many towns and people were drowned"". On 6 April 1580 a 5.8 magnitude earthquake occurred with its epicentre on the sea bed close to Calais. Giant waves were reported at the time and hundreds of people were killed when ships were sunk by the waves and the low-lying coastal land around Calais was inundated by the sea. In Dover, part of the chalk cliff collapsed, taking with it part of Dover

"Storm surge"
this century was caused by the Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which killed more than 6,000 people in the central Philippines in 2013 and resulted in economic losses estimated at $14 billion (USD). The Galveston Hurricane of 1900, a Category 4 hurricane that struck Galveston, Texas, drove a devastating surge ashore; between 6,000 and 12,000 lives were lost, making it the deadliest natural disaster ever to strike the United States. The highest storm tide noted in historical accounts was produced by the 1899 Cyclone Mahina, estimated at almost 44 ft (13 metres) at Bathurst Bay, Australia, but research published in 2000 concluded

it appears to have been sufficiently powerful to have caused an undersea landslide that was capable of generating a tsunami, as happened in Papua New Guinea in 1998, killing around 2500 people. The Bristol Channel floods, on the morning of 30 January 1607, are suggested to be a tsunami caused by an earthquake, a landslide from the Irish coast or a freak combination of high tides and a storm surge. There is historical evidence suggesting a tsunami, including eyewitness accounts describing a wave as ""mighty hilles of water"" – with sparks – and a wave that travelled so fast that

Tsunami
Bay, Alaska, caused the highest wave ever recorded, which had a height of 524 metres (over 1700 feet). The wave did not travel far, as it struck land almost immediately. Two people fishing in the bay were killed, but another boat managed to ride the wave. Another landslide-tsunami event occurred in 1963 when a massive landslide from Monte Toc entered the Vajont Dam in Italy. The resulting wave surged over the 262 m (860 ft) high dam by 250 metres (820 ft) and destroyed several towns. Around 2,000 people died. Scientists named these waves megatsunamis. Some geologists claim that large

Tsunami
boundaries include Storegga about 8,000 years ago, Grand Banks 1929, Papua New Guinea 1998 (Tappin, 2001). The Grand Banks and Papua New Guinea tsunamis came from earthquakes which destabilised sediments, causing them to flow into the ocean and generate a tsunami. They dissipated before travelling transoceanic distances. The cause of the Storegga sediment failure is unknown. Possibilities include an overloading of the sediments, an earthquake or a release of gas hydrates (methane etc.). The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (""M"" 9.5), 1964 Alaska earthquake (""M"" 9.2), 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake (""M"" 9.2), and 2011 Tōhoku earthquake (""M""9.0) are recent examples of powerful

"Wind wave"
case of the Draupner wave, its height was 2.2 times the significant wave height. Such waves are distinct from tides, caused by the Moon and Sun's gravitational pull, tsunamis that are caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides, and waves generated by underwater explosions or the fall of meteorites—all having far longer wavelengths than wind waves. Yet, the largest ever recorded wind waves are common — not rogue — waves in extreme sea states. For example: high waves have been recorded on the RRS Discovery in a sea with significant wave height, so the highest wave is only 1.6 times the

catastrophic impact on the local human population. The coast of Cornwall was hit by a three-metre high tsunami on 1 November 1755, at around 14:00. The waves were caused by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The tsunami took almost four hours to reach the UK. The tsunami was also observed along the south coast of England and on the River Thames in London. Contemporary reports say that there were three of these tsunami waves, and that the sea receded very quickly, then rose up. At St Michael's Mount, the sea rose suddenly and then retired; ten minutes later, it rose very

mysterious G-Man. The portal attracted the attention of the Combine, a technologically superior multidimensional empire which conquered Earth in seven hours. The Combine have implemented a brutal police state by biologically assimilating humans and other species, and preventing humans from breeding via a ""suppression field"". The G-Man inserts Gordon into a train arriving at City 17, site of the Combine Citadel, where Dr. Wallace Breen, the former Black Mesa administrator who negotiated Earth's surrender, governs as the Combine's puppet ruler. After eluding Combine forces, Gordon joins resistance members including Barney Calhoun, a former Black Mesa security guard working undercover as

In the final battle, a rear-mounted storage rack for Magnusson Devices is added and the radar is adjusted to track enemies and Magnusson Device dispensers. A homing unit is also installed so the player can quickly locate the car in the chaos of the final battle via a readout in the Hazardous Environment suit. The Combine, a multidimensional empire which has enslaved Earth, has used the destruction of their Citadel to open a massive portal. This will allow them to summon reinforcements and destroy the Resistance. In the mountains outside City 17, Resistance fighters Gordon Freeman and Alyx Vance climb

which can manipulate large objects. Black Mesa East comes under Combine attack, and Eli and Mossman are taken to Nova Prospekt, a Combine prison. Separated from Alyx, Gordon detours through the zombie-infested town of Ravenholm, assisted by its last survivor, Father Grigori. Escaping the town, Gordon discovers a resistance outpost, and uses a customized dune buggy to travel a crumbling coastal road to Nova Prospekt, encountering Combine patrols and helping the resistance fend off raids. Gordon lays siege to Nova Prospekt by using pheromone pods to command the hordes of alien antlions that infest the coast. He reunites with Alyx

from the wreckage of the train they used to escape the city. At an old transmission station, they establish communication with resistance scientists Dr. Kleiner and Eli Vance at the White Forest base. They learn that the Resistance may be able to close the portal using a copy of a Combine transmission Alyx is carrying. At an abandoned mine, Alyx is critically wounded by a Combine Hunter. A vortigaunt leads them to an underground Resistance shelter. Gordon recovers larval extract from a nearby antlion colony, necessary for the vortigaunts to heal Alyx. While the vortigaunts heal her, the mysterious G-Man

"Locations of Half-Life"
Adrian Shephard is forced to travel to Xen to escape an otherwise enclosed area, while in the latter, Barney Calhoun goes to Xen to align some equipment to allow Black Mesa to be evacuated using the teleporters. After the death of the Nihilanth in ""Half-Life"", the fracture is destabilized further, causing large amounts of Xen's wildlife to be teleported to locations across Earth. City 17 is a dystopian metropolitan area in Eastern Europe that forms the primary setting for ""Half-Life 2"" and its first expansion, """". The city features a variety of architectural styles, mostly Eastern European architecture dating from

a Combine police officer; Dr. Eli Vance, former Black Mesa scientist and leader of the resistance; Alyx Vance, Eli's daughter; and Dr. Kleiner, an eccentric Black Mesa scientist. After a failed attempt to teleport to the resistance base, Black Mesa East, from Kleiner's makeshift laboratory, Gordon progresses on foot through the city's canal system. He obtains an airboat and battles his way to Black Mesa East, several miles from the city. Gordon is reintroduced to Eli and meets another resistance scientist, Dr. Judith Mossman. Alyx introduces Gordon to her pet robot D0g and gives him a ""gravity gun"", an instrument

created by Magnusson. The scientists launch the rocket and close the portal, trapping Combine forces on Earth. Alyx and Gordon prepare to leave for the ""Borealis"" and Eli warns Gordon about the ship's ""cargo"". The three head to a hangar, intending to board a helicopter, but a pair of advisors burst into the hangar and restrain them. As Eli tries to free them from the advisors' clutches, he is killed by one of the advisors, but as the second advisor prepares to kill Alyx, D0g bursts in through the roof and chases both advisors away. Alyx, sobbing, clutches her father's

take place immediately after those in ""Half-Life 2"", in and around war-torn City 17. ""Episode One"" follows scientist Gordon Freeman and his companion Alyx Vance in humanity's continuing struggle against the alien civilization known as the Combine. When the story begins, Gordon wakes up outside the enemy's base of operations, the Citadel, after being left unconscious from the concluding events of ""Half-Life 2"". During the course of the game, Gordon travels with Alyx as they attempt to evacuate the city. As the game comes to an end, Gordon and Alyx are caught in a major accident, and their fates are

the occupation from his base of operations in the Citadel, a monolithic building at the heart of City 17. Fighting alongside Gordon is an underground resistance led by former colleague Dr. Eli Vance, as well other allies including Dr. Vance's daughter Alyx Vance and the enigmatic Vortigaunts, an alien species. ""Half-Life 2"" ends with a climactic battle atop the Citadel that inflicts critical damage to its dark fusion reactor. When it seems as if Alyx and Gordon are to be engulfed by the explosion, the G-Man appears once more. After giving a cryptic speech, he extracts Gordon from danger and

"My Summer Story"
My Summer Story My Summer Story, originally released in theaters as It Runs in the Family, is a 1994 film that follows the further adventures of the Parker family from ""A Christmas Story"". Like the previous film, it is based on semi-autobiographical stories by Jean Shepherd, primarily from his book ""In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash"". The opening of the film makes direct reference to the events of ""A Christmas Story"", and the ending narration strongly parallels it. However, because the cast of the original film had aged to the point where they no longer fit their roles,

networks were running 24 hour marathons in 2017, as well. A sequel involving Ralphie and his family, titled ""My Summer Story"" (originally released as ""It Runs in the Family""), was made in 1994. With the exceptions of Tedde Moore as Ralphie's teacher (Miss Shields) and Jean Shepherd as the narrator (the voice of the adult Ralphie), it features an entirely different cast. A series of television films involving the Parker family, also from Shepherd stories, were made by PBS, including ""Ollie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss"" (1988), ""The Star-Crossed Romance of Josephine Cosnowski"" (1985), ""The Great American Fourth of July and

the film grossed under $71,000. Prior to the making of the theatrical film, PBS co-produced a series of TV movies based on the Parker family for ""American Playhouse"" including ""Ollie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss"", ""The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters"", and ""The Phantom of the Open Hearth"". My Summer Story My Summer Story, originally released in theaters as It Runs in the Family, is a 1994 film that follows the further adventures of the Parker family from ""A Christmas Story"". Like the previous film, it is based on semi-autobiographical stories by Jean Shepherd, primarily from his book

the film on both Christmas Eve and Christmas Day each year. The film was released on November 18, 1983. It earned two Canadian Genie Awards in 1984 and in 2012 was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". The film is presented in a series of vignettes, with narration provided by the adult Ralphie Parker reminiscing on one particular Christmas when he was nine years old. Ralphie wanted only one thing for that Christmas: a Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-shot Range Model air rifle. Ralphie's desire is

The film would go on to win two categories in the 5th Genie Awards, for Director Bob Clark and Best Original Screenplay for the work of Leigh Brown, Bob Clark and Jean Shepherd. By Christmas 1983 the film was no longer playing at most venues, but remained in about a hundred theaters until January 1984. Gross earnings were just over $19.2 million. In the years since, due to television airings and home video release, ""A Christmas Story"" has become widely popular and is now an annual Christmas special. The film was produced and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The rights to the

side of the stock due to Peter Billingsley being left-handed. Director Bob Clark stated in the film's DVD commentary that both he and author Shepherd wished for the film to be seen as ""amorphously late-'30s, early-'40s"". A specific year is never mentioned in the film; however, numerous sources including ""The New York Times"" and CBS News have dated the film variously at 1940 to the early 1940s. Initially overlooked as a sleeper film, ""A Christmas Story"" was released a week before Thanksgiving 1983 to moderate success, earning about $2 million in its first weekend. Vincent Canby's mostly negative ""The New

"It Runs in the Family (2003 film)"
It Runs in the Family (2003 film) It Runs in the Family is a 2003 comedy-drama movie directed by Fred Schepisi and starring three generations of the Douglas family: Kirk Douglas, his son Michael Douglas, and Michael's son Cameron Douglas, who play three generations of a family. Diana Douglas ( Dill), real-life mother to Michael Douglas and ex-wife of Kirk, plays Kirk's character's wife. The film was a co-production with MGM and Buena Vista International. The story involves the highly successful New York City Gromberg family. Each member has their own set of problems. The father-son relationship difficulties is highlighted.

"Like a Hurricane (Neil Young song)"
Like a Hurricane (Neil Young song) ""Like a Hurricane"" is a song written by Neil Young in 1975 and first released on the album ""American Stars 'n Bars"" in 1977. Young wrote the song in July 1975 with the help of his friend and La Honda neighbor Taylor Phelps in the back of his DeSoto Suburban, during a time when Young was unable to sing because of an operation on his vocal cords. Driven by Young's trademark fierce guitars, the song became a landmark of the 'electric side' of his concerts. The song's guitar riff is one of the most

famous in rock history. The song has been played on nearly every tour Young has done since its release. It has also appeared on the compilations ""Decade"" and ""Greatest Hits"" and on the live albums ""Live Rust"", ""Weld"" and ""Unplugged"" (this last rendition is played almost entirely on a pump organ). An edited version of ""Like a Hurricane"" was released as a single on August 8, 1977, with ""Hold Back the Tears"" as B-side. Recorded for music release: Like a Hurricane (Neil Young song) ""Like a Hurricane"" is a song written by Neil Young in 1975 and first released on

"Rock You Like a Hurricane"
Rock You Like a Hurricane ""Rock You Like a Hurricane"" is a song by German rock band Scorpions. The song was released as the lead single from their ninth studio album, ""Love at First Sting"" (1984). It was written by Klaus Meine, Herman Rarebell, Rudolf Schenker and arranged/produced by Dieter Dierks. The lyrics of ""Rock You Like a Hurricane"" also reference the title of the album on which it originally appeared – ""Love at First Sting"". ""Rock You Like a Hurricane"" reached number 25 in the USA ""Billboard"" Hot 100, greatly contributing to the album's success, and MTV put the

"Hurricane (Leon Everette song)"
Hurricane (Leon Everette song) ""Hurricane"" is a song co-written by Thom Schuyler, Keith Stegall and Stewart Harris. Levon Helm recorded it for his 1980 album ""American Son"". It was later recorded by American singer Leon Everette. It was released in July 1981 as the lead single from Everette's RCA Records album ""Hurricane"". It is Everette's highest-charting single, peaking at No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in September 1981. The song is about an old man who lives in the famed New Orleans French Quarter. The man is unfazed when told that a hurricane was about to hit

titled ""Hurricane 2001"" when played on the follow-up ""Acoustica"". A third re-recording by the band features on their album ""Comeblack"", released in 2011. The 2011 ""Comeblack"" re-recording was featured in 2014 in a commercial for Fiber One cookies and the 2015 horror comedy film ""Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse"". The song has been used in numerous shows and films, including ""The Good Guys"", ""Aqua Teen Hunger Force"", ""The Simpsons"","" Hope & Faith"", ""Trailer Park Boys"", ""Jawbreaker"", ""Knocked Up"", ""Little Nicky"", ""The Cleveland Show"", ""Role Models,"" and ""Scorpion"". It is also frequently used in television commercials and other promos, including

"Heart Like a Hurricane"
as a single that year. ""Losing Your Love"" was originally recorded by Vince Gill (who co-wrote it) on his 1987 album ""The Way Back Home"". Heart Like a Hurricane Heart Like a Hurricane is the second studio album by the American country music singer Larry Stewart and second release after his 1991 departue from the band Restless Heart. Three singles were released from this album: ""Heart Like a Hurricane"", ""Losing Your Love"" and ""Rockin' the Rock"". Although none of the three fell entered the Top 40 on the ""Billboard"" US country charts, ""Losing Your Love"" was a #21 on the

"Hurricane (Luke Combs song)"
Hurricane (Luke Combs song) ""Hurricane"" is the debut single of American country music singer Luke Combs. The song was released through Columbia Records in 2016 after initially charting in 2015. It is included on his debut album ""This One's for You"". The song is about comparing an ex-girlfriend to a natural disaster. ""Hurricane"" reached number one on the ""Billboard"" Country Airplay chart. Its second week atop that position gave Combs two distinctions: the first artist to have a multi-week number one debut single chart since Florida Georgia Line's ""Cruise"" in 2012 and the first male solo artist to accomplish that

a ""poor man's Johnny Lee"" and said the song was ""almost an interesting ballad"". Hurricane (Leon Everette song) ""Hurricane"" is a song co-written by Thom Schuyler, Keith Stegall and Stewart Harris. Levon Helm recorded it for his 1980 album ""American Son"". It was later recorded by American singer Leon Everette. It was released in July 1981 as the lead single from Everette's RCA Records album ""Hurricane"". It is Everette's highest-charting single, peaking at No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in September 1981. The song is about an old man who lives in the famed New Orleans French

Heart Like a Hurricane Heart Like a Hurricane is the second studio album by the American country music singer Larry Stewart and second release after his 1991 departue from the band Restless Heart. Three singles were released from this album: ""Heart Like a Hurricane"", ""Losing Your Love"" and ""Rockin' the Rock"". Although none of the three fell entered the Top 40 on the ""Billboard"" US country charts, ""Losing Your Love"" was a #21 on the ""RPM"" country charts in Canada. Ty Herndon recorded ""She Wants to Be Wanted Again"" on his 1996 album ""Living in a Moment"" and released it

"Hurricane (Bridgit Mendler song)"
Hurricane (Bridgit Mendler song) ""Hurricane"" is a song by American recording artist Bridgit Mendler, from her debut studio album, ""Hello My Name Is..."" (2012). The song was released as a promotional single to the iTunes Store as ""Single of the Week"" on October 22, 2012, and was later announced to be the second single from the album. On February 12, 2013, the song was released to Top 40 radio. The song received positive reviews from music critics, praising the song's reggae influence, and Mendler's vocals and rapping skills, which have been compared to Cher Lloyd, Lily Allen, and Karmin. It

"Jenna Boyd"
Jenna Boyd Jenna Michelle Boyd (born March 4, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the feature films ""The Missing"" and ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants"" and the Netflix Original series ""Atypical"". Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in ""The Missing"", alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews

"Tibby Rollins"
Tibby Rollins Tabitha Anastasia ""Tibby"" Tomko-Rollins is a fictional character in the 2001 novel ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants"" and the 2005 film based upon it. She is a member of the titular club, along with her friends Lena Kaligaris, Bridget Vreeland and Carmen Lowell. She was portrayed by Amber Tamblyn in the film. Tibby's parents are described as former hippies. She was born when they were 19, and she apparently spent much of her early life swept up in their various adventures; her father was, at turns, a writer for a socialist newspaper, a public defender, and an

Hardaway, the ""practice girlfriend"" of the autistic main character, Sam Gardner, in the Netflix Original Series ""Atypical"". Jenna Boyd Jenna Michelle Boyd (born March 4, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the feature films ""The Missing"" and ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants"" and the Netflix Original series ""Atypical"". Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast

"Debby Ryan"
brand and revealed that she has been looking into designers and interviewing brands she might like to work with. Debby Ryan Deborah Ann Ryan (born May 13, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Ryan started acting in professional theatres at the age of seven, and was later discovered in a nationwide search by Disney Channel. From 2008 to 2011, she starred as Bailey Pickett on ""The Suite Life on Deck"" and appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movie ""16 Wishes"" (2010), which was the most watched cable program the day of its premiere. Ryan also appeared in the independent

"Jan Smithers"
Jan Smithers Karin Jan Smithers (born July 3, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Bailey Quarters on the CBS sitcom ""WKRP in Cincinnati"" (1978–1982). Smithers grew up with her parents and three sisters in Woodland Hills, California, and attended what is now William Howard Taft Charter High School there. She first reached the public eye as a teenager when she was featured on the March 21, 1966, cover of ""Newsweek"", seated on a motorcycle. Smithers's first marriage was to Kipp Whitman from 1971 to 1972. From 1986 to 1995, she was married to actor James

"Pollyanna McIntosh"
Pollyanna McIntosh Pollyanna McIntosh (born 15 March 1979) is a Scottish American actor, writer, and director known for her roles in the films ""Exam"" (2009), ""The Woman"" (2011), ""Filth"" (2013), ""Let Us Prey"" (2014); the first season of Joe R. Lansdale's ""Hap and Leonard"" (2016), and a recurring and starring role in the seventh, eighth and ninth seasons of ""The Walking Dead"", respectively (2017–2018). Pollyanna McIntosh debuted as an actress aged 16, appearing in London's independent film and theatre as both an actress and director. In 2004 she moved to Los Angeles and directed the stage production ""The Woolgatherer"" with

"Brigitte Bako"
Brigitte Bako Brigitte Bako (born c. 1967) is a Canadian actress known for her role on ""Red Shoe Diaries"". She also wrote, produced and starred in the adult comedy ""G-Spot"". Bako was raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to Jewish parents. Her mother is a Holocaust survivor. She trained with the Les Grands Ballets Canadiens and acted with the Canadian National Shakespeare Company. She has starred in Hollywood productions, numerous Canadian-made movies, and films made in Canada by American producers. Bako's first major break was in Martin Scorsese's ""New York Stories"". She co-starred with David Duchovny and Billy Wirth in ""Red

Debby Ryan Deborah Ann Ryan (born May 13, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Ryan started acting in professional theatres at the age of seven, and was later discovered in a nationwide search by Disney Channel. From 2008 to 2011, she starred as Bailey Pickett on ""The Suite Life on Deck"" and appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movie ""16 Wishes"" (2010), which was the most watched cable program the day of its premiere. Ryan also appeared in the independent theatrical film ""What If..."" (2010). From 2011 to 2015, Ryan starred as the titular character on the Disney Channel

"Emily Tennant"
Emily Tennant Emily Tennant (born August 9, 1990) is a Canadian film and television actress. Tennant was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. In 2000, she played her first role in the romantic comedy film, ""Personally Yours"". After that, she could be seen in some minor roles in TV series and films. In 2004, she played a recurring role in the comedy horror series ""Kingdom Hospital"". In 2005, Tennant had a minor role of ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants"". She starred in the 2009 thriller, ""Zombie Punch"". She won a Leo Award in the category ""Best Performance by a Female

Brolin and was stepmother to his two children from a previous marriage; together they have one daughter, Molly. After living in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, she now lives in Ojai, California. In June 2014, Smithers attended a reunion of ""WKRP"" cast members hosted by the Paley Center for Media. Jan Smithers Karin Jan Smithers (born July 3, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Bailey Quarters on the CBS sitcom ""WKRP in Cincinnati"" (1978–1982). Smithers grew up with her parents and three sisters in Woodland Hills, California, and attended what is now William Howard Taft Charter

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)"
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18) The eighteenth season of """" debuted on Wednesday, September 21, 2016, on NBC and finished on Wednesday, May 24, 2017, with a two-hour season finale. Rick Eid, who previously worked on ""Law & Order"" and """", became the executive producer and showrunner, following Warren Leight's departure from the series at the conclusion of the seventeenth season. Eid himself departed the series at the end of the eighteenth season and was replaced by Michael S. Chernuchin. ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" was renewed for an eighteenth season on February 1, 2016, by

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20) The twentieth season of """" premiered on Thursday, September 27, 2018, at 9PM ET with a two-part premiere episode. The following Thursday, the series started airing new episodes at 10PM ET. This landmark season of ""SVU"" tied it with both the original ""Law & Order"" series and ""Gunsmoke"" as longest-running scripted non-animated U.S. primetime TV series. ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" was renewed for a twentieth season on May 9, 2018. Production started on July 16, 2018. On July 12, 2018, Executive Producer Julie Martin posted a photo of a script

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)"
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of """" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had previously worked on ""Law & Order"", """", and ""Chicago Justice"" took over from Rick Eid as showrunner. This is also the first season since in 2010–2011 where another ""Law & Order"" series—""Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders""—aired alongside ""SVU"" on NBC. ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" was renewed for a 19th season on May 12, 2017. Chernuchin took over from Eid as showrunner

an episode titled ""Info Wars"", inspired by the Charlottesville riots and the website InfoWars. Rhea's character was inspired by InfoWars reporter Millie Weaver. On March 5, 2018, it was revealed that Stephanie March would reprise her role as ADA Alexandra Cabot in an episode titled ""Sunk Cost Fallacy"" that aired on April 18, 2018. It marked March's first appearance on the show since . <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of """" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had

399th episode. The 400th episode that was aired was the eleventh episode of the season, ""Great Expectations,"" which aired on NBC on February 15, 2017, (after being moved from its initial air date of November 9, 2016, and a second air date of January 4, 2017). At the end of production of the season, during upfronts ""SVU"" was renewed for a nineteenth season. Following the renewal announcement, it was revealed that show runner/executive producer Rick Eid had departed the show. He took over ""Chicago P.D."" as showrunner/EP starting with its fifth season, replacing ""C.P.D."" co-creator/EP Matt Olmstead. Michael Chernuchin, former

<onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> ""Unstoppable"", written by Julie Martin and Rick Eid, inspired by the sexual misconduct allegations against then-presidential candidate Donald Trump and starring Gary Cole, was originally scheduled to air on October 26, 2016, but it was pulled from the schedule and has since been shelved. At the 2017 Television Critics Association winter press tour, Dick Wolf expressed his belief that the episode may air that spring. NBC currently has no plans to air the episode, therefore shelving it indefinitely. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18) The eighteenth season of """" debuted on Wednesday, September 21, 2016, on

after Eid left SVU to be showrunner for the fifth season of ""Chicago P.D."" Production on the season started on July 20, 2017. On January 9, 2018, NBC ordered an extra two episodes for Season 19, as confirmed in a tweet by Robert Brooks Cohen, rounding the episode count to 24. Chernuchin told ""The Hollywood Reporter"" that this season of ""SVU"" would involve more ripped-from-the-headlines plots focusing on current events such as the Charlottesville riots. ""Conflict. It's just the state of the world today with everybody,"" he said. ""Everybody's political now and everything is political now, and we want to

Waterston's fourth guest appearance on ""SVU"". In the episode ""Pathological"", Tamara Tunie (M.E. Melinda Warner), Carolyn McCormick (Dr. Elizabeth Olivet), and Jenna Stern (Judge Elana Barth) returned as their respective characters. The episode aired on January 10, 2018. McCormick also guest starred in the season finale. On December 14, 2017, Martin Donovan and Yasmine Al Massri were confirmed to guest star in an episode titled ""Flight Risk"" based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. The episode was about sexual assault in the airline industry and aired on January 17, 2018. On January 31, 2018, Rhea Seehorn guest starred in

a recurring role this season, as Dr. Lisa Abernathy, a clinical psychologist that consults on cases for the district attorney's office. Holt previously guest starred in the seventeenth season. On September 27, 2018, ""Entertainment Weekly"" reported that Sebastian Roché would guest star as Arlo Beck, the charismatic leader of a female empowerment group, in the episode ""Accredo"", which aired October 18, 2018. Roché previously made two guest appearances on the flagship series, ""Law & Order"". Sasha Alexander guest starred as Anna Mill, a woman who murdered her husband and two children in the November 1st episode ""Caretaker."" <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law

"Jack Mormon"
Jack Mormon The term Jack Mormon is a slang term originating in nineteenth-century America. It was originally used to describe a person who was not a baptized member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints but who was friendly to church members and Mormonism, sympathized with them, and/or took an active interest in their belief system. Sometime in the early- to mid-twentieth century, however, the term began to refer to an individual deemed by adherents of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to be an inactive or lapsed member of the LDS Church

as a Jack Mormon to the Brigham Young character. The term is used in its modern meaning by Wallace Stegner in his 1979 novel ""Recapitulation"", set in Salt Lake City. Jerry Joseph and the Jackmormons is a rock band from Portland, Oregon in the United States. Jack Mormon Coffee Company is a Salt Lake-based coffee roaster, located in the Historic Avenues district. American actor Jason Cloud premiered a self-produced play titled ""Jack Mormon"" in December 2017 in Vienna, Austria. Jack Mormon The term Jack Mormon is a slang term originating in nineteenth-century America. It was originally used to describe a

meaning. Preston Nibley, a mid-20th century LDS author who had a large impact on Mormon culture and folklore, mentioned the term in its modern context during the late 1940s and used it extensively in the 1950s. Today ""Jack Mormon"" is less commonly used, but using the term is not offensive when said in a self-joking or humorous sense. The term ""Jack Mormon"" was used by author Edward Abbey in his novel ""The Monkey Wrench Gang"" to describe a character, Seldom Seen Smith, who was a Mormon and had many wives, but was not active in the LDS Church nor its

who, despite his personal religious viewpoint, maintained good relations with and positive feelings toward the church. On April 18, 1845, the term ""Jack Mormon"" appeared in ""The Ottawa Free Trader"" to refer to J. B. Backenstos, the sheriff of Hancock County, who was ""friendly to the Mormons, though not one himself."" This early published use of the term marks perhaps the earliest appearance of ""Jack Mormon"" in print, though it was followed soon by other instances in papers such as the ""New-York Daily Tribune"" and the ""Richmond Palladium"". Thomas C. Sharp, editor of the ""Warsaw Signal"", also coined the term

belief system: ""Born by chance into membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons), Smith was on lifetime sabbatical from his religion. He was a jack Mormon. A jack Mormon is to a decent Mormon what a jackrabbit is to a cottontail."" In the play ""Angels in America"" by Tony Kushner, the character Harper Pitt identifies herself as a Jack Mormon, and postulates an alternate explanation for the origin of the term: ""Like jack rabbit...I ran."" In Episode 6 of Season 5 of the AMC television series ""Hell On Wheels"", the character known as Eva identifies herself

Democrats in Jackson County, Missouri. Their belief is that the term originated in Missouri, during the Kirtland period of Latter Day Saint history, circa 1834. When Church members were expelled from Jackson County by a mob, many fled to Clay County, where local citizens, mostly Democrats, were sympathetic and friendly toward the Mormons. These citizens were pejoratively labeled ""Jack"" Mormons by the antagonistic citizens of Jackson County. During the early 1980s, it was also used as a description of members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS Church) who broke from the church, in part,

modern LDS youth today use the term to describe a baptized member who chooses not to follow the ethical, moral and cultural guidelines common to Mormons. These guidelines include refraining from profanity and pre-marital sex. Other common cultural limitations include following the Word of Wisdom by consuming a healthy diet, seeking exercise, and avoiding the use of drugs, tobacco, alcohol, and coffee and tea. Often such individuals are noticeable for public consumption of tobacco or alcohol. It is unclear how or why the meaning of the term changed to its current usage, which is almost the reverse of its original

in Manassa, Colorado, on June 24, 1895. During the 1920s the greatest American sports hero of the day was undoubtedly Babe Ruth; his closest rival was Dempsey, a tough heavyweight boxer from the mining West. Around 1880 an LDS Church missionary converted his parents and they moved to the Mormon village of Manassa, Colorado. While his father parted ways with the church, his mother remained a devoted member. Jack would write, ""I'm proud to be a Mormon. And ashamed to be the Jack Mormon that I am."" The term is now used to describe a baptized member of the LDS

"Mormon (word)"
embraced by the faith. Because the term became identified with polygamy in the mid-to-late-19th century, some Latter Day Saint denominations who never practiced polygamy have renounced the term. The term ""Mormon"" is taken from the title of the Book of Mormon, a sacred text adherents believe to have been translated from golden plates which had their location revealed by an angel to Joseph Smith and published in 1830. According to the text of the Book of Mormon, the word Mormon stems from the Land of Mormon, where the prophet Alma preached the gospel and baptized converts. Mormon—who was named after

"Jack (given name)"
the highest concentration of Jacks in the United Kingdom appeared in Scotland. The name Jack is unusual in the English language for its frequent use as a noun or verb for many common objects and actions, and in many compound words and phrases. Examples include implements, such as a car jack, knucklebones (the game jacks), or the jack in bowls. The word is also used in other words and phrases such as: apple jack, hijack, jack of clubs (playing card), jack straw (scarecrow), jack tar (sailor), jack-in-the-box, jack-of-all-trades, jack o'lantern, jackdaw, jackhammer, jackknife, jackpot, lumberjack, union jack, etc. The history

"Great Victoria Desert"
gongylocarpa"", ""Eucalyptus youngiana"" and mulga ""(Acacia aneura)"" shrubs scattered over areas of resilient spinifex grasses particularly ""Triodia basedowii"". Wildlife adapted to these harsh conditions includes few large birds or mammals. However, the desert does sustain many types of lizard including the vulnerable great desert skink (""Egernia kintorei""), the Central Ranges taipan (discovered in 2007), and a number of small marsupials including the endangered sandhill dunnart ""(Sminthopsis psammophila)"" and the crest-tailed mulgara ""(Dasycercus cristicauda)"". One way to survive here is to burrow into the sands, as a number of the desert's animals, including the southern marsupial mole ""(Notoryctes typhlops)"", and the

the northwest, the Gibson Desert and the Central Ranges xeric shrublands to the north, the Tirari and Sturt Stony deserts to the east, while the Nullarbor Plain to the south separates it from the Southern Ocean. Average annual rainfall is low and irregular, ranging from per year. Thunderstorms are relatively common in the Great Victoria Desert, with an average of 15–20 thunderstorms per annum. Summer daytime temperatures range from while in winter, this falls to . The majority of people living in the region are Indigenous Australians from different groups including the Kogara, the Mirning and the Pitjantjatjara. It is

In 1891, David Lindsey's expedition traveled across this area from north to south. Frank Hann was looking for gold in this area between 1903 and 1908. Len Beadell explored the area in the 1960s. The Great Victoria desert is a World Wildlife Fund ecoregion and an Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) region of the same name. As this area has had very limited use for agriculture, habitats remain largely undisturbed while parts of the desert are protected areas including Mamungari Conservation Park (formerly known as Unnamed Conservation Park) in South Australia, a large area of pristine arid zone wilderness

water-holding frog do. Birds include the chestnut-breasted whiteface (""Aphelocephala pectoralis"") found on the eastern edge of the desert and the malleefowl of Mamungari Conservation Park. Predators of the desert include the dingo (as the desert is north of the Dingo Fence) and two large monitor lizards, the perentie ""(Varanus giganteus)"" and the sand goanna ""(Varanus gouldii)"". Great Victoria Desert The Great Victoria Desert, an interim Australian bioregion, is a sparsely populated desert area in Western Australia and South Australia. The Great Victoria is the largest desert in Australia and consists of many small sandhills, grassland plains, areas with a closely

the part of Australia with the most populous and most healthy indigenous population. Aboriginal populations have been increasing in this region. Young Indigenous adults from the Great Victoria Desert region work in the Wilurarra Creative programs to maintain and develop their culture. Despite its isolated location the Great Victoria is bisected by very rough tracks including the Connie Sue Highway and the Anne Beadell Highway. Human activity has included some mining and nuclear weapons testing. In 1875, British explorer Ernest Giles became the first European to cross the desert. He named the desert after the then-reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.

Great Victoria Desert The Great Victoria Desert, an interim Australian bioregion, is a sparsely populated desert area in Western Australia and South Australia. The Great Victoria is the largest desert in Australia and consists of many small sandhills, grassland plains, areas with a closely packed surface of pebbles (called desert pavement or gibber plains) and salt lakes. It is over wide (from west to east) and covers an area of from the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia to the Gawler Ranges in South Australia. The Western Australia Mallee shrub ecoregion lies to the west, the Little Sandy Desert to

which possesses cultural significance and is one of the fourteen World Biosphere Reserves in Australia. Habitat is also preserved in the large Aboriginal local government area of Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara in South Australia and in the Great Victoria Desert Nature Reserve of Western Australia. The nuclear weapons trials carried out by the United Kingdom at Maralinga and Emu Field in the 1950s and early 1960s have left areas contaminated with plutonium-239 and other radioactive material. Only the hardiest of plants can survive in much of this environment. Between the sand ridges there are areas of wooded steppe consisting of ""Eucalyptus

"Lake Victoria"
Murchison. In contrast, the Owen Falls (now flooded by a dam) between Victoria and Kyoga were essentially a series of rapids that did not effectively block fish movements between the two lakes. The Victoria haplochromines are distinctly sexually dimorphic (males relatively brightly colored; females dull), and their ecology is extremely diverse, falling into at least 16 groups, including detritivores, zooplanktivores, insectivores, prawn-eaters, molluscivores and piscivores. As a result of predation by the introduced Nile perch, eutrophication and other changes to the ecosystem, it is estimated that at least 200 species (about 40 percent) of Lake Victoria haplochromines have become extinct.

any other lake in the world, except Lake Malawi. These are the result of a rapid adaptive radiation in the last circa 15,000 years. Their extraordinary diversity and speed of evolution have been the subjects for many scientists studying the forces that drive the richness of life everywhere. The Victoria haplochromines are part of an older group of more than 700 closely related species, also including those of several smaller lakes in the region, notably Kyoga, Edward—George, Albert, and Kivu. Most of these lakes are relatively shallow (like Victoria) and part of the present-day upper Nile basin. The exception is

"Mammals of Australia"
minute to capture termites. Australia is also home to the world's largest and most diverse selection of marsupials: mammals with a pouch in which they rear their young. The marsupial carnivores — order Dasyuromorphia — are represented by two surviving families: the Dasyuridae with 51 members, and the Myrmecobiidae with the numbat as its sole surviving member. The thylacine, or Tasmanian tiger, was the largest Dasyuromorphia and the last living specimen of the family Thylacinidae; however, the last known specimen died in captivity in 1936. The world's largest surviving carnivorous marsupial is the Tasmanian devil; it is the size of

"Climate of Antarctica"
Climate of Antarctica The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on Earth. Antarctica's lowest air temperature record was set on 21 July 1983, with at Vostok Station. Satellite measurements have identified even lower ground temperatures, down to at the cloud-free East Antarctic Plateau on 10 August 2010. Antarctica is also extremely dry (technically a desert), averaging of precipitation per year. On most parts of the continent the snow rarely melts and is eventually compressed to become the glacier ice that makes up the ice sheet. Weather fronts rarely penetrate far into the continent, because of the katabatic winds. Most of

is one of the fastest-warming places on Earth. In 2015, the temperature showed changes but in a stable manner and the only months that have drastic change in that year are August and September. It also did show that the temperature was very stable throughout the year. Notes Sources Climate of Antarctica The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on Earth. Antarctica's lowest air temperature record was set on 21 July 1983, with at Vostok Station. Satellite measurements have identified even lower ground temperatures, down to at the cloud-free East Antarctic Plateau on 10 August 2010. Antarctica is also extremely

"Polar climate"
North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, and it is also part of the reason that Antarctica is so much colder than the Arctic. In summer, the presence of the nearby water keeps coastal areas from warming as much as they might otherwise, just as it does in temperate regions with maritime climates. The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on Earth. Antarctica has the lowest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded: at Vostok Station. It is also extremely dry (technically a desert), averaging of precipitation per year. Due to the occurring climate change, ice is melting

"Pole of Cold"
Pole of Cold The Poles of Cold are the places in the southern and northern hemispheres where the lowest air temperatures have been recorded. In the southern hemisphere, the Pole of Cold is currently located in Antarctica, at the Russian (formerly Soviet) Antarctic station Vostok at . On July 21, 1983, this station recorded a temperature of . This is the lowest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded on Earth. Vostok station is located at the elevation of above sea level, far removed from the moderating influence of oceans (more than from the nearest sea coast), and high latitude that results

Antarctica has an ice cap climate (Köppen ""EF"") with very cold, generally extremely dry weather. The lowest reliably measured temperature of a continuously occupied station on Earth of was on 21 July 1983 at Vostok Station. For comparison, this is colder than subliming dry ice (at sea level pressure). The altitude of the location is . The lowest recorded temperature of any location on Earth's surface at was revised with new data in 2018 in nearly 100 locations, ranging from to . This unnamed part of the Antarctic plateau, between Dome A and Dome F, was measured on August 10,

Delyankir, also in the Sakha Republic, has a lower average temperature throughout all winter months than either Oymyakon or Verkhoyansk, as well as a lower yearly average. Its record low temperature of is slightly higher than the record lows set at Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk, however. Pole of Cold The Poles of Cold are the places in the southern and northern hemispheres where the lowest air temperatures have been recorded. In the southern hemisphere, the Pole of Cold is currently located in Antarctica, at the Russian (formerly Soviet) Antarctic station Vostok at . On July 21, 1983, this station recorded a

temperature of at Signy Research Station on 30 January 1982 is the record for the Antarctic region encompassing all land and ice south of 60° S. The mean annual temperature of the interior is . The coast is warmer; on the coast Antarctic average temperatures are around (in the warmest parts of Antarctica) and in the elevated inland they average about in Vostok. Monthly means at McMurdo Station range from in August to in January. At the South Pole, the highest temperature ever recorded was on 25 December 2011. Along the Antarctic Peninsula, temperatures as high as have been recorded,

in almost three months of civil polar night every year (early May to end of July), all combine to produce an environment where temperatures rarely rise above during summer and frequently fall below in winter. By comparison, the South Pole, due to its lower elevation, is, on average, warmer than Vostok, and the lowest temperature ever recorded at the South Pole is . It is generally thought that Vostok is not the coldest place in Antarctica, and there are locations (notably, Dome A) that are modestly colder on average. The now inactive Plateau Station, located on the central Antarctic plateau,

though the summer temperature is below most of the time. Severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean. East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation. The Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate. Higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing. The total precipitation on Antarctica, averaged over the entire continent, is about per year (Vaughan et al., J Climate, 1999). The actual rates vary widely, from high values over the Peninsula (15 to 25 inches a year) to very low values (as little as in

Oymyakon
is known as one of the places considered the Northern Pole of Cold, the others being the rural locality of Delyankir, also located in the Oymyakonsky district of the Sakha Republic, and the town of Verkhoyansk, located 629 km (391 miles) away by air. The ground is permanently frozen (continuous permafrost). There is a monument built around the town square commemorating a reading in the 1920s of −71.2. This was shown on the Australian programme ""60 Minutes"" in a 2012 documentary. On February 6, 1933, a temperature of was recorded at Oymyakon's weather station. This was the coldest officially recorded

authorities involved in formulating accounting standard in india

"Indian Accounting Standards"
Indian Accounting Standards Indian Accounting Standard (abbreviated as Ind-AS) is the Accounting standard adopted by companies in India and issued under the supervison of Accounting Standards Board (ASB) which was constituted as a body in the year 1977. ASB is a committee under Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) which consists of representatives from government department, academicians, other professional bodies viz. ICAI, representatives from ASSOCHAM, CII, FICCI, etc. The Ind AS are named and numbered in the same way as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (NACAS) recommend these standards to the Ministry

Accounting
India the Apex Accounting body constituted by parliament of India is ""Institute of Chartered Accountants of India"" (ICAI) was known for its rigorous training and study methodology for granting the Qualification. The ACCA is the largest global accountancy body with over 320,000 members and the organisation provides an ‘IFRS stream’ and a ‘UK stream’. Students must pass a total of 14 exams, which are arranged across three papers. Accounting research is research in the effects of economic events on the process of accounting, the effects of reported information on economic events, and the roles of accounting in organizations and society..

"Institute of Chartered Accountants of India"
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is the national professional accounting body of India. It was established on 1 July 1949 as a statutory body under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 enacted by the Parliament (acting as the provisional Parliament of India) to regulate the profession of Chartered Accountancy in India. ICAI is the second largest professional Accounting & Finance body in the world. ICAI is the only licensing cum regulating body of the financial audit and accountancy profession in India. It recommends the accounting standards to be followed by companies in

"Audit in India"
Parliament of India with the objective of regulating accountancy profession in India. ICAI is the second largest professional accounting body in the world in terms of membership second only to AICPA. It prescribes the qualifications for a Chartered Accountant, conducts the requisite examinations and grants license in the form of Certificate of Practice. Apart from this primary function, it also helps various government agencies like RBI, SEBI, MCA, CAG, IRDA, etc. in policy formulation. ICAI actively engages itself in aiding and advising economic policy formulation. For example, ICAI has submitted its suggestions on the proposed Direct Taxes Code Bill, 2010.

of Corporate Affairs (MCA). MCA has to spell out the accounting standards applicable for companies in India. As on date MCA has notified 41 Ind AS. This shall be applied to the companies of financial year 2015-16 voluntarily and from 2016-17 on a mandatory basis. Based on the international consensus, the regulators will separately notify the date of implementation of Ind-AS for the banks, insurance companies etc. Standards for the computation of Tax has been notified as ICDS in February 2015. India followed accounting standards from Indian Generally Acceptable Accounting Principle (IGAAP) prior to adoption of the Ind-AS. Companies shall

jurisdiction of XBRL International Inc. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India was established under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 passed by the Parliament of India with the objective of regulating accountancy profession in India. ICAI is the third largest professional accounting body in the world in terms of membership only to the ACCA and AICPA. It prescribes the qualifications for a Chartered Accountant, conducts the requisite examinations and grants license in the form of Certificate of Practice. Apart from this primary function, it also helps various government agencies like RBI, SEBI, MCA, CAG, IRDA, etc. in policy formulation. ICAI

"Institute of Cost Accountants of India"
widening their knowledge base and in improving their skills to be at the cutting edge of technology by providing training and expertise in critical areas. The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICAI), recognizing the need for structured approach to the measurement of cost in manufacture or service sector and to provide guidance to the user organizations, government bodies, regulators, research agencies and academic institutions to achieve uniformity and consistency in classification, measurement and assignment of cost to product and services, has constituted Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) in the year 2001 with the objective of formulating the Cost Accounting

India to National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (NACAS). and sets the accounting standards to be followed by other types of organisations. ICAI is solely responsible for setting the Standards on Auditing (SAs) to be followed in the audit of financial statements in India. It also issues other technical standards like Standards on Internal Audit (SIA), Corporate Affairs Standards (CAS) etc. to be followed by practicing Chartered Accountants. It works closely with the Government of India, Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India in formulating and enforcing such standards. Members of the Institute are known

Institute of Cost Accountants of India The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICMAI), previously known as The Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India (ICWAI), is a premier statutory professional accountancy body in India with the objects of promoting, regulating and developing the profession of Cost & Management Accountancy. It is the only licensing cum regulating body of Cost & Management Accountancy profession in India. It recommends the Cost Accounting Standards to be followed by companies in India to which statutory maintenance of cost records applicable. ICMAI is solely responsible for setting the auditing and assurance standards for

standards by the members will lead to disciplinary action against them. The technical standards issued by ICAI includes, Accounting Standards, Engagement and Quality Control Standards, Standards on Internal Audit, Corporate Affairs Standard, Accounting Standards for Local Bodies, etc. , the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has issued 32 Accounting Standards. These are numbered AS-1 to AS-7 and AS-9 to AS-32 (AS-8 is no longer in force since it was merged with AS-26). Compliance with accounting standards issued by ICAI has become a statutory requirement with the notification of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 by the Government of India. Before

was not mandatory and many industries chose not to convert, and unlike other countries, there is no government or major social desire to implement further metrication. The microstates of Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau, have not metricated due to their close relationship as associated states to the United States. Although customary units are used more often than metric units in the U.S., the SI system is used extensively in some fields such as science, medicine, the military, automobile production and repair, and international affairs. Post 1994 federal law also mandates most packaged consumer goods be labeled in

Metrication in the United States Metrication (or metrification) is the process of introducing the International System of Units, also known as SI units or the metric system, to replace a jurisdiction's traditional measuring units. Although all U.S. customary units have been redefined in terms of SI units, as of 2018 the United States is one of only seven countries, including Myanmar (Burma), Liberia, Palau, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Samoa that have not officially adopted the metric system as the primary means of weights and measures. The United States has official legislation for metrication; however, conversion

Metrication
time, the metric system has influenced the United States through international trade and standardisation. The use of the metric system was made legal as a system of measurement in 1866 and the United States was a founding member of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in 1875. The system was officially adopted by the federal government in 1975 for use in the military and government agencies, and as preferred system for trade and commerce. It has remained voluntary for federal and state road signage to use metric units, despite attempts in the 1990s to make it a requirement. A

standard kilogram. Before reaching the United States, Dombey's ship was blown off course by a storm and captured by pirates, and he died in captivity on Montserrat. In 1832, the customary system of units was formalized. In the early 19th century, the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the government's surveying and map-making agency, used a meter standard (""Committee Meter"", French: ""Mètre des Archives"") brought from Switzerland. Shortly after the American Civil War, the 39th United States Congress protected the use of the metric system in commerce with the Metric Act of 1866 and supplied each state with a set of

their procurement, grants, and other business-related activities by the end of 1992. While not mandating metric use in the private sector, the federal government has sought to serve as a catalyst in the metric conversion of the country's trade, industry, and commerce. Exceptions were made for the highway and construction industries. The Department of Transportation planned to require metric units by 2000, but this plan was canceled by the 1998 highway bill TEA21. The U.S. military has generally high use of the metric system, partly because of the need to work with other nations' militaries. Some members of Congress attempted

of the USMB increased doubts that metrication would really be implemented. Public and private sector metrication slowed even while competitiveness between nations and demands of global marketplaces increased. The American National Metric Council (ANMC) was established in 1973 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as a non-profit, tax-exempt organization for planning and coordinating metric activity in all sectors of the U.S. economy. The ANMC became a separately incorporated organization in 1976. The ANMC was intended to facilitate U.S. metrication by maintaining a voluntary and orderly process that minimizes costs and maximizes benefits, and to provide information, forums, individual assistance,

States"". Voluntary conversion was initiated, and the United States Metric Board (USMB) was established for planning, coordination, and public education. The public education component led to public awareness of the metric system, but the public response included resistance, apathy, and sometimes ridicule. In 1981 the USMB reported to Congress that it lacked the clear Congressional mandate necessary to bring about national conversion. Because of this ineffectiveness and an effort of the Reagan administration—particularly from Lyn Nofziger's efforts as a White House advisor to the Reagan administration, to reduce federal spending—the USMB was disbanded in the autumn of 1982. The ending

and the kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and, in practice, for many years before. These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959. Americans primarily use customary units in commercial activities, as well as for personal and social use. In science, medicine, many sectors of industry, and some of government and military, metric units are used. The International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For newer units of measure where there is no traditional

caused it to descend instead to about , burning up in the Martian atmosphere. The effort toward national metrication is based on the premise that the U.S. industrial and commercial productivity, mathematics and science education, and the competitiveness of its products and services in world markets would be enhanced by adopting the metric system. Gerard Iannelli, director of the U.S. Metric Program, gave the opinion that Americans have so far not done so because of the effort it takes to ""translate"" from customary to metric units when both measurements are not shown. He also cited what he perceived to be

"President of Zambia"
President of Zambia The President of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the Presidency, the office has been held by five others: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, and current President Edgar Lungu. In addition, Acting President Guy Scott served in an interim capacity after the death of President Michael Sata. Since 31 August 1991 the President is also the head of government, as the position of Prime Minister was abolished in the last

months of Kaunda's presidential term. The President is elected for a term of five years. Since 1991, the officeholder has been restricted to two consecutive terms. There are two living former Zambian Presidents and one living former acting president: President of Zambia The President of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the Presidency, the office has been held by five others: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, and current President Edgar Lungu. In addition,

Zambia
is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living. After Mwanawasa's death, Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008. Holding office for only three years, Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata. Sata died on 28 October 2014, the second Zambian president to die in office. Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015, in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President. In 2010, the World Bank named Zambia one of

"Rupiah Banda"
immunity removed. This was due to accusations of abuse of authority, corruption and the misappropriation of oil revenue. Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born 13 February 1937) is a Zambian politician who was President of Zambia from 2008 to 2011. During the Presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, Banda held important diplomatic posts and was active in politics as a member of the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Years later, he was appointed as Vice-President by President Levy Mwanawasa in October 2006, following the latter's re-election. He took over Mwanawasa's presidential responsibilities after Mwanawasa suffered a stroke in June 2008, and following

Zambia
foreign investment in mining and to higher world copper prices. All this led to Zambia being courted enthusiastically by aid donors, and saw a surge in investor confidence in the country. Politics in Zambia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Zambia is both head of state and head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. The government exercises executive power, while legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Zambia became a republic immediately upon attaining independence in October 1964. From 2011 to 2014, Zambia's president had been Michael

Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born 13 February 1937) is a Zambian politician who was President of Zambia from 2008 to 2011. During the Presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, Banda held important diplomatic posts and was active in politics as a member of the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Years later, he was appointed as Vice-President by President Levy Mwanawasa in October 2006, following the latter's re-election. He took over Mwanawasa's presidential responsibilities after Mwanawasa suffered a stroke in June 2008, and following Mwanawasa's death in August 2008, he became acting President. As the candidate of the governing Movement for Multiparty

Zambia
Sata, until Sata died on 28 October 2014. After Sata's death, Vice President Guy Scott, a Zambian of Scottish descent, became acting President of Zambia. On 24 January 2015 it was announced that Edgar Chagwa Lungu had won the election to become the 6th President in a tightly contested race. He won 48.33% of the vote, a lead of 1.66% over his closest rival, Hakainde Hichilema, with 46.67%. 9 other candidates all got less than 1% each. After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such

"Cyril Ramaphosa"
Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation. Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and the fifth and current President of South Africa. He became President following the resignation of Jacob Zuma. Previously an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader, and businessman, Ramaphosa served as the Deputy President of South Africa from 2014 to 2018. He was elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in December 2017. He is also the former Chairman of the National Planning Commission, which is responsible for strategic planning for the future of the country, with the

Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and the fifth and current President of South Africa. He became President following the resignation of Jacob Zuma. Previously an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader, and businessman, Ramaphosa served as the Deputy President of South Africa from 2014 to 2018. He was elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in December 2017. He is also the former Chairman of the National Planning Commission, which is responsible for strategic planning for the future of the country, with the goal of rallying

"Levy Mwanawasa"
Mwanawasa travelled to Arkansas in the United States to give a speech at Harding University in Searcy and received an honorary doctorate from the college. While in Arkansas, he addressed students and press at the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service about social, economic, and political development in Zambia and the region with specific attention paid to HIV/AIDS in Africa and President Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Levy Mwanawasa Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was the third Republican President of Zambia. He ruled the country from January 2002 until his death in August 2008. Mwanawasa

"In Another World With My Smartphone"
illustrations by Eiji Usatsuka. It was licensed for digital distribution in the English language by J-Novel Club. J-Novel Club announced at Anime Expo on July 5, 2018 that the series would be the first it would publish in print outside its deal with Seven Seas Entertainment. The novels will be published in partnership with Ingram Publisher Services. A manga adaptation by Soto began serialization in the January 2017 issue of Comp Ace (published November 2016), with the first two compiled tankōbon volumes released consecutively in June and July 2017 and the third volume in February 2018. An anime television series

adaptation directed by Takeyuki Yanase, written by Natsuko Takahashi, and animated by Production Reed was announced and aired from July 11 to September 26, 2017. AŌP performed the opening theme song ""Another World"" while Maaya Uchida, Yui Fukuo, Chinatsu Akatsuki, Marika Kouno, Nanami Yamashita, and Sumire Uesaka performed different versions of the ending theme song . Crunchyroll streamed the anime. Crunchyroll has licensed the series, and Funimation will release it on home video as part of the two companies' partnership. Funimation is releasing the series for home video in the British Isles, and in Australia and New Zealand, through their

him. Taking full advantage of his second chance at life, Touya befriends many different people mainly females and high-ranking people in the new world. He begins to travel from country to country, solving political disputes, minor quests, and nonchalantly enjoying himself with his newfound allies. The series began publication as a web novel, being serialized on the Shōsetsuka ni Narō website since April 8, 2013. The series was later published as a light novel series by Hobby Japan's “HJ Novels” label beginning on May 22, 2015; twelve volumes have been published as of March 22, 2018. The light novel features

distributors at Sony Pictures UK and Universal Sony respectively. The series has seen considerable popularity on the Shōsetsuka ni Narō website, having been viewed over 100,000,000 times in total. In Another World With My Smartphone 15-year-old Touya Mochizuki is accidentally killed by God. As an apology, God allows him to be resurrected, but since he cannot send him back to his old world, he instead reincarnates him into a fantasy world along with a single special request. Touya uses his request in order to bring his smartphone into the new world with him, which God modifies so that the phone

"Hakumei and Mikochi"
(Mikochi) and Aoi Yūki (Konju). Ending theme lyrics are unique to each episode referring to the episode's plot. Hakumei and Mikochi Sentai Filmworks have licensed the anime and streams it on Hidive. In a forest inhabited by tiny humanlike creatures and talking animals, the story focuses on the daily lives and adventures of two of those tiny women living together in a house in a tree. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Lerche aired in Japan from January 12 to March 30, 2018. It is directed by Masaomi Andō and with series composition by Reiko Yoshida. The opening theme

Meganebu!
episode series premiered on Tokyo MX on October 6, 2013 and was later aired on BS11, SUN-TV, KBS and Fakui TV. The anime was picked up by Crunchyroll for streaming with English subtitles. The anime has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks in North America for digital and home video release in 2014. The opening theme is ""World's End"" by MUCC and the ending theme is ""Colorful World"" by Tomohisa Sakou. Meganebu! The plot focuses on Akira Souma, a glasses fanatic at the rural Himaraya Third Technical School. Akira's great love for glasses causes him to form the ""Glasses Club"" at

"Ushio and Tora"
and Studio VOLN. It was directed by Satoshi Nishimura and written by Toshiki Inoue and Kazuhiro Fujita, featuring character designs by Tomoko Mori and music by Eishi Segawa. The anime was split into two parts: the first part (episodes 1–26) aired between July 3, 2015 and December 25, 2015, and the second part (episodes 27–39) aired between April 1, 2016 and June 24, 2016. It has been licensed for a UK release by Manga Entertainment. For episodes 1 through 26, the opening theme is by Kinniku Shōjo Tai while the ending themes are by Sonar Pocket and by Wakadanna. For

"New Life+: Young Again in Another World"
Touko Machida, Koujirou Nakamura, and Chabo Higurashi, with animation by Seven Arcs Pictures. Makoto Takahoko would have provided the series' character designs. However, on June 6, 2018, it was announced that the production and broadcast of the anime had been cancelled due to the controversy surrounding the author and his novels. Following the announcement of the anime adaptation, the series and its author began to face accusations of racism. A number of commentators on Twitter claimed that the series depicts the protagonist as having taken part in the Second Sino-Japanese War, where he killed 3,000 people with a Katana, later

Hakumei and Mikochi Sentai Filmworks have licensed the anime and streams it on Hidive. In a forest inhabited by tiny humanlike creatures and talking animals, the story focuses on the daily lives and adventures of two of those tiny women living together in a house in a tree. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Lerche aired in Japan from January 12 to March 30, 2018. It is directed by Masaomi Andō and with series composition by Reiko Yoshida. The opening theme is ""urar"" by Chima, and the ending theme is ""Harvest Moon Night"" performed by voice actresses Shino Shimoji

WorldEnd
""Scarborough Fair"" and ""Always in My Heart"" by Tamaru Yamada were played in episodes 1 and 12, as well as ""I Call You"" by Tamaru Yamada in episode 9. The anime aired on April 11, 2017 on Tokyo MX, with further broadcasts on TV Aichi, Sun TV, TVQ Kyushu Broadcasting, BS11, and AT-X then finished on June 27, 2017. The series ran for 12 episodes. The series is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll, and Funimation released it on home video with an English dub. WorldEnd WorldEnd, short for , also known as ""SukaSuka"", is a Japanese light novel series

"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council"
elected. Any one of the five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables them to prevent the adoption of any ""substantive"" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support. At the UN's founding in 1945, the five permanent members of the Security Council were the French Republic, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There have been two seat changes since then, although not reflected in of the United Nations Charter as it has not been accordingly amended: Additionally, France reformed its provisional government into the French Fourth Republic

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are

"United Nations Security Council resolution"
members. The five permanent members are the People's Republic of China (which replaced the Republic of China in 1971), France, Russia (which replaced the defunct Soviet Union in 1991), the United Kingdom, and the United States. The term ""resolution"" does not appear in the text of the United Nations Charter. It contains numerous formulations, such as ""decision"" or ""recommendation"", which imply the adoption of resolutions which do not specify the method to be used. The UN Charter is a multilateral treaty. It is the constitutional document that distributes powers and functions among the various UN organs. It authorizes the Security

"United Nations Security Council"
to block the re-election of Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1996. Along with the five permanent members, the Security Council has temporary members that hold their seats on a rotating basis by geographic region. Non-permanent members may be involved in global security briefings. In its first two decades, the Security Council had six non-permanent members, the first of which were Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Poland. In 1965, the number of non-permanent members was expanded to ten. These ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms starting on 1 January, with five replaced each year. To

"United Nations"
to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions. The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of five permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term date)—Bolivia (term ends 2018), Côte d'Ivoire (2019), Equatorial Guinea (2019), Ethiopia (2018), Kazakhstan (2018), Kuwait (2019), Netherlands (2018), Peru (2019),

military and peacekeeping missions in Kuwait, Namibia, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II—the Soviet Union (now represented by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, France, the Republic of China (now represented by the People's Republic of China), and the United States—serve as the body's five permanent members. These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-General. The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent

Security Council's five permanent members, below, have the power to veto any substantive resolution; this allows a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, but not to prevent or end debate. At the UN's founding in 1945, the five permanent members of the Security Council were the Republic of China, the French Republic, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There have been two major seat changes since then. China's seat was originally held by Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government, the Republic of China. However, the Nationalists were forced to retreat to the island of Taiwan in

in 1946 and later into the French Fifth Republic in 1958, both under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle. France maintained its seat as there was no change in its international status or recognition, although many of its overseas possessions eventually became independent. The five permanent members of the Security Council were the victorious powers in World War II and have maintained the world's most powerful military forces ever since. They annually top the list of countries with the highest military expenditures; in 2011, they spent over US$1 trillion combined on defence, accounting for over 60% of global military expenditures

Traditionally, one of the seats assigned to either the Asia-Pacific Group or the African Group is filled by a nation from the Arab world. Currently, elections for terms beginning in even-numbered years select two African members, and one each within Eastern Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Terms beginning in odd-numbered years consist of two Western European and Other members, and one each from Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The 2017–18 term was the first time in over five decades that two members agreed to split a term, with Italy and the Netherlands agreeing that

"Gilbert Baker (artist)"
Gilbert Baker (artist) Gilbert Baker (June 2, 1951 – March 31, 2017) was an American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (1978). Baker's flag became widely associated with LGBT rights causes, a symbol of gay pride that has become ubiquitous in the decades since its debut. California state senator Scott Wiener said Baker ""helped define the modern LGBT movement"". In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art ranked the rainbow flag as an internationally recognized symbol as important as the recycling symbol. Baker was born on June 2, 1951, in Chanute, Kansas. He grew up in Parsons,

"Paul Ahyi"
Paul Ahyi Paul Ahyi (January 15, 1930 – January 4, 2010) was a Togolese artist, sculptor, architect, painter, interior designer and author. Ahyi is credited with designing of the flag of Togo. Ahyi was known for his massive outdoor artworks, reliefs and sculptures, including his contributions to the Independence Monument in Lomé, which commemorates the country's independence from France. Other outdoor sculptures and statues by Ahyi can be found on buildings and in parks throughout Togo, as well as the Vatican, Senegal, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and South Korea. He also created his pieces using a wide array of mediums

"Bernard J. Cigrand"
Bernard J. Cigrand Bernard John Cigrand (October 1, 1866 – May 16, 1932), a dentist, has a strong claim to being considered the father of Flag Day in the United States. Born in Waubeka, Wisconsin, Cigrand practiced dentistry in Chicago, Batavia, and Aurora, and was the third dean of Columbian Dental College, now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, serving in that post from 1903 to 1906. Working as a grade school teacher in Waubeka, Wisconsin, in 1885, Cigrand held the first recognized formal observance of Flag Day at Stony Hill School in Waubeka. The school has

"Earth Day"
chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes, according to whom Earth Day is now ""the largest secular holiday in the world, celebrated by more than a billion people every year."" Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation ""We have met the enemy and he is us"" to promote the 1970 Earth Day. Environmental groups have sought to make Earth Day into a day of action to change human behavior and provoke policy changes. In the winter of 1969–1970, a group of students met at Columbia University to hear Denis

"Donal McLaughlin"
Donal McLaughlin Donal McLaughlin (July 26, 1907 – September 27, 2009) was an American architect who played a major role in the design of the Flag of the United Nations. McLaughlin was born on July 26, 1907, in Manhattan and was raised in the Bronx. His choice to pursue architecture mirrored that of his grandfather, James W. McLaughlin, who designed the Cincinnati Art Museum. McLaughlin attended Yale University, where his thesis addressed the issues of circular design. He graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1933 from the Yale School of Architecture. He earned an architecture diploma from the

"Paul Calle"
Paul Calle Paul Calle (pronounced KAL-ee; March 3, 1928 – December 30, 2010) was an American artist who was best known for the designs he created for postage stamps, including 40 that were released by the United States Postal Service, and others for stamps issued by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Sweden and the United Nations. The sole artist hired by NASA to cover the Apollo 11 astronauts up close, Calle designed the 10-cent stamp that commemorated the first manned moon landing; it depicted an astronaut stepping onto the moon from the lunar module, with the Earth

"Flag of Earth"
Flag of Earth Some individuals and organizations have promoted designs for a flag representing the planet Earth, though none have been officially recognized as such by any governmental body. The most widely recognized flags associated with Earth are the flag of the United Nations and the Earth Day flag. Listed below are some of the unofficial contenders for a Flag of Earth: A flag designed by John McConnell in 1969 for the first Earth Day is a dark blue field charged with ""The Blue Marble"", a famous NASA photo of the Earth as seen from outer space. The first edition

"Gerald Holtom"
his first wife: Peter, Julia, Anna (now Anna Scott, an artist) and Benjamin; and two with his second wife: Darius and Rebecca (also an artist). Gerald Holtom Gerald Herbert Holtom (20 January 1914 – 18 September 1985) was a British artist and designer. He designed the ND logo,which was adopted, non-exclusively, by the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), and became an international peace symbol. Educated at Gresham's School, Holt, Holtom was a graduate of the Royal College of Art. He had been a conscientious objector in World War II. In 1958 he was working for the Ministry of Education.

"Flag of Bhutan"
of the 20th-century Kingdom of Bhutan, and was introduced in 1949 during the signing of the Indo-Bhutan Treaty. While the document does not provide an illustration of the original design, black-and-white photographs taken at this historic event provide images of the first Bhutanese flag at the ceremony. The design of the flag is credited to Mayeum Choying Wongmo Dorji in 1947. Lharip Taw Taw, one of the few painters available to the royal court at the time, is said to have embroidered the flag. Druk was colored green in accordance with traditional and religious references to ""yu druk ngonm"" (),

exhibition on the history of the flag at the GLBT History Museum which it sponsors in San Francisco's Castro District. In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City acquired examples of the rainbow flag for its design collection, where curators ranked it as an internationally recognized symbol similar in importance to the Creative Commons logo and the recycling symbol. Gilbert Baker (artist) Gilbert Baker (June 2, 1951 – March 31, 2017) was an American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (1978). Baker's flag became widely associated with LGBT rights causes, a symbol of

when was the last time villanova won the ncaa basketball championship

"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball"
First Union Center, and the Wachovia Center before it adopted the Wells Fargo Center name. Jay Wright was named Villanova's head coach in 2001. As Rollie Massimino’s assistant from 1987 through 1992, he was well-acquainted with Villanova. Prior to his hiring by Villanova, Wright was head coach at Hofstra. Villanova earned a post-season tournament berth in each of Wright's initial ten seasons as Villanova head coach before missing in 2011–12. The Wildcats played in the NIT in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and in 11 NCAA Tournaments in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. During

and Kansas in 2018), which is sixth most all-time. The Villanova Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 37 times, the eighth highest total in NCAA history. They have won the Big East regular season championship eight times, most recently winning four straight from 2014 to 2017. They won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Villanova entered the 2016–2017 season with an all-time winning percentage of (.648), placing the Wildcats tied for 13th among all NCAA Division I basketball programs. Through 2018, Villanova has 1,753 wins, which is 23rd among Division I men's basketball teams. Villanova

a team for the game. Their 2016 NCAA Championship, is referred to as ""The Perfect Ending"" and is the only NCAA Men's Championship game to be won on a buzzer beater, as Kris Jenkins drained a shot as time expired. They made the Final Four in 1939, 1971, 1985, 2009, 2016 and 2018; their six Final Four appearances are 13th most all-time. As of 2018, they have an NCAA Tournament record of 64–36 (). Villanova has defeated six No. 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament (Michigan and Georgetown in 1985, Pittsburgh in 2009, and Kansas and North Carolina in 2016,

Villanova Wildcats men's basketball Villanova University's men's basketball team represents Villanova University and competes in the Big East Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball. Their first season was the 1920–21 season. Named the ""Wildcats"", Villanova is also a member of the Philadelphia Big Five, a rivalry of Philadelphia college basketball teams. The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA championship as an 8 seed still stands as the lowest seed ever to win the title. The game is referred to as ""The Perfect Game"" as they shot a record 78.6% as

(), and were the national champions in 1985, 2016, and 2018. Villanova has won as the underdog (based on Tournament seeding) 16 times, more than any other program. Villanova is one of only two programs (the other being Ohio State) that has played in the NCAA Tournament in every decade since the 1930s. ""The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition."" The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 17 times. Their combined record is 24–17. They were NIT Champions in 1994. The Wildcats appeared in the only National Campus Basketball Tournament. Their record is 0–1.

joining the newly formed Eastern Eight Conference in 1975. In 1980, the 'Cats moved into the new Big East Conference, along with Georgetown, St. John's, and Syracuse. The 1980s were the golden age of the Big East, highlighted by the 1985 NCAA Tournament, when Villanova, Georgetown, and St. John's reached the Final Four. Massimino's teams had tremendous success in the NCAA Tournament, usually in an underdog role. Coach Massimino led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament eleven times, winning in 1985. His teams reached the Elite Eight five times in an eleven-year span: 1978, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1988. Coach

grown larger after the success of the 2005–06 season. It is now held in the Pavilion and is open to the public and students. Following an inter-team scrimmage, notable music artists perform. Villanova Wildcats men's basketball Villanova University's men's basketball team represents Villanova University and competes in the Big East Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball. Their first season was the 1920–21 season. Named the ""Wildcats"", Villanova is also a member of the Philadelphia Big Five, a rivalry of Philadelphia college basketball teams. The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA

"Villanova Wildcats"
2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by

"Villanova Wildcats football"
championship in 2009. The Wildcats football team played their first game in November 1894 coached by Mike Murphy. They continued to play as an independent team for 87 seasons, On April 14, 1981, the program was officially disbanded due to weak attendance and monetary reasons cited by the university Board of Trustees. Athletic Director Ted Aceto had stated they had sold only 750 season tickets for the 1980 season with 95 scholarship players; the Wildcats' 1980 season record was 6–5. Under heavy pressure from alumni and students, the program was reinstated by the Board of Trustees in April 1984 and

has won the Philadelphia Big Five 26 times which is the second most of any team, including five straight from 2014 to 2018. The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 17 times, winning in 1994. Villanova began its varsity basketball program in 1920. Michael Saxe coached for six seasons, from 1920 to 1926, compiling a 64–30 record (.681). John Cashman coached three seasons, from 1926 to 1929, compiling a 21–26 record (.447). George ""Doc"" Jacobs coached seven seasons, from 1929 to 1936, and had a 62–56 record (.525). The team played its first game in 1920 in Alumni

"Environmental issues in Venezuela"
Environmental issues in Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the top 10 of the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environmental degradation. It has the third-highest deforestation rate in South America, at 2.1 percent. The Guri Dam, one of the world's largest, flooded a massive forested area and is now being filled with silt deposited by runoff from deforested areas. Environmental issues include sewage pollution into Valencia Lake, oil and urban pollution of Maracaibo Lake, deforestation, soil degradation, and urban and industrial

to the Pao-Cachinche dam. It installed a pumping plant in Los Guayos to do this. Environmental issues in Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the top 10 of the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environmental degradation. It has the third-highest deforestation rate in South America, at 2.1 percent. The Guri Dam, one of the world's largest, flooded a massive forested area and is now being filled with silt deposited by runoff from deforested areas. Environmental issues include sewage pollution into Valencia

"Climate of Venezuela"
Humboldt have their glaciers preserved, while the other peaks are exposed to nival zone conditions. According to the Köppen climate classification, Venezuela's climate types are: It's the most prevalent and characteristic climate of the country. Maintaining temperatures above and rainfall in most of the year: It can be found throughout the country, dominating Los Llanos and north of the Guayana Region, as well as some parts of the country. It's dry between December and March with an annual rainfall between 600 and 1,500 mm. It is located in the Guayana Region, Orinoco Delta, west of Zulia, Andean and Coastal range

Pico Humboldt are in danger of disappearing. Climate of Venezuela The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors. While the coastal cities of Maracaibo, Barcelona, Porlamar and Maiquetia can get

Climate of Venezuela The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors. While the coastal cities of Maracaibo, Barcelona, Porlamar and Maiquetia can get extremely hot, cities located at valleys such

are Barquisimeto, Maracay, Valencia, Guarenas-Guatire, San Juan de Los Morros, Charallave, Valera, Barinitas, San Antonio del Táchira, Quibor and others. This climate features temperatures between to and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to pluvial (more than 3300 mm) conditions. It can be found in the country's mountainous areas between 650 and 1,350-1,600 m This climate zone is present in cities like Mérida, San Cristóbal, Caracas, Sanare, Villa de Cura, Ejido, Trujillo, Escuque, Rubio, Tovar, Boconó, Duaca, Bejuma, Los Teques, Nirgua, Santa Elena de Uairen, among others. Mild or Temperate climate can be found in the

"Economy of Venezuela"
with company executives on technical issues related to production. In November 2010, workers spent a week protesting outside factories in Valera and Valencia following the expropriation of the American bottle-maker Owens-Illinois. Labor disputes have continued to increase since the financial crisis in 2008. According to the World Economic Forum, Venezuela is ranked as 134th of the 148 countries for economic competitiveness. Many in the private sector attribute these findings to the inflexible labor market. In recent years, a barrage of pro-worker decrees have been passed. The most significant could be the 2012 labor laws known as the LOTTT. These laws

foothills, Paria Peninsula and Barlovento region; with rainfall between 1,600 and 2,500 mm per year and a drought of just 45 days. It's located south of Venezuela, Orinoco Delta, El Tamá area in west of Venezuela, and south of Maracaibo Lake. Rainfall exceeds 2,500 mm, not tending dry season. This type of climate the evaporation exceeds precipitation. In Venezuela is typical of desert and arid coastal areas and with annual temperatures above 18 °C. The cold semiarid type can be found at elevated portions of the Andes. It can be found in Guajira Peninsula, Paraguana Peninsula, Araya Peninsula and most

"Climate change in the Caribbean"
threshold. The Bahamas and Trinidad and Tobago are expected to be the most affected because at least 80% of the total land is below the sea level. Coastal loses range between US$940 million to $1.2 billion in the 22 largest coastal cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Main sources of income, such as tourism, will also be affected because many of the main touristic attractions such as beaches and hotels are near the coast. In 2004, a study reported that 12 million tourists had visited the Caribbean. An increase in air and sea surface temperature is predicted to promote

"Crisis in Venezuela"
and violently repressing opposition. Political corruption, chronic shortages of food and medicine, closure of companies, unemployment, deterioration of productivity, authoritarianism, human rights violations, gross economic mismanagement and high dependence on oil have also contributed to the worsening crisis. The contraction of national and per capita GDPs in Venezuela between 2013 and 2017 was more severe than that of the United States during the Great Depression, or of Russia, Cuba, and Albania following the collapse of the Soviet Union. In recent years, the annual inflation rate for consumer prices rose hundreds and thousands of percentage points while the economy contracted by

"Maurya Empire"
25 years. As a young prince, Ashoka ( BCE) was a brilliant commander who crushed revolts in Ujjain and Takshashila. As monarch he was ambitious and aggressive, re-asserting the Empire's superiority in southern and western India. But it was his conquest of Kalinga (262–261 BCE) which proved to be the pivotal event of his life. Ashoka used Kalinga to project power over a large region by building a fortification there and securing it as a possession. Although Ashoka's army succeeded in overwhelming Kalinga forces of royal soldiers and civilian units, an estimated 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the

dated 1051 CE. This indicates that Vijayapala's reign ended sometime before this year. Devavarman's successor Kirttivarman was also a son of Vijayapala. Vijayapala Vijayapala (IAST: Vijayapāla; reigned c. 1035-1050 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh). Vijayapala was born to the Chandela ruler Vidyadhara. No inscription from his reign is available. He is mentioned in several Chandela inscriptions, but most of these contain only vague eulogies. For example, the Mau stone inscription declares that he killed all wicked men and put an end

and southeast Iran) and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now Afghanistan. The Empire was expanded into India's central with boundary into southern regions by the emperors Chandragupta and Bindusara, but it excluded Kalinga (modern Odisha), until it was conquered by Ashoka. It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule ended, and it dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha. Under Chandragupta Maurya and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture, and economic activities all thrived and expanded across India thanks to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance,

legitimately installed as the new King of Magadha. Rakshasa became Chandragupta's chief advisor, and Chanakya assumed the position of an elder statesman. In 305 BCE, Chandragupta led a series of campaigns to retake the satrapies left behind by Alexander the Great when he returned westwards, while Seleucus I Nicator fought to defend these territories. The two rulers concluded a peace treaty in 303 BCE, including a marital alliance. Chandragupta snatched the satrapies of Paropamisade (Kamboja and Gandhara), Arachosia (Kandhahar) and Gedrosia (Balochistan), and Seleucus I Nicator received 500 war elephants that were to have a decisive role in his victory

or its variations. Historian Upinder Singh estimates that Bindusara ascended the throne around 297 BCE. Bindusara, just 22 years old, inherited a large empire that consisted of what is now, Northern, Central and Eastern parts of India along with parts of Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Bindusara extended this empire to the southern part of India, as far as what is now known as Karnataka. He brought sixteen states under the Mauryan Empire and thus conquered almost all of the Indian peninsula (he is said to have conquered the 'land between the two seas' – the peninsular region between the Bay of

alliance with the Himalayan king Parvataka, often identified with Porus, although this identification is not accepted by all historians. This Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite and powerful army made up of Yavanas (Greeks), Kambojas, Shakas (Scythians), Kiratas (Himalayans), Parasikas (Persians) and Bahlikas (Bactrians) who took Pataliputra (also called Kusumapura, ""The City of Flowers""): Preparing to invade Pataliputra, Maurya came up with a strategy. A battle was announced and the Magadhan army was drawn from the city to a distant battlefield to engage with Maurya's forces. Maurya's general and spies meanwhile bribed the corrupt general of Nanda. He also managed

Lakshmadeva
by Mahmud of Ghazni, who belonged to the Turkic Ghaznavid dynasty. This is not correct, as Mahmud died in 1030 CE. Some other historians believe that Lakshma might have defeated a Turkic Muslim governor of Punjab who invaded Ujjain, but this is not corroborated by any other evidence. The ""Nagpur Prashasti"" also credits Lakshma with several other victories, including subjugation of the Cholas and the Pandyas. These are poetic exaggerations that do not have any historical basis. Lakshma was succeeded by his younger brother Naravarman. Lakshmadeva Lakshmadeva (IAST: Lakṣma-deva, reigned c. 1086-1094 CE) was an Indian king from the Paramara

"Chandragupta Maurya"
Seleucid ambassador to the Maurya, Megasthenes. In the fictional work of doubtful historicity ""Mudrarakshasa"", Chandragupta was said to have first acquired Punjab, and then combined forces with a local king named Parvatka under the advice of Chanakya, and advanced upon the Nanda Empire. Chandragupta laid siege to Kusumapura (or Pataliputra, now Patna), the capital of Magadha, with the help of mercenaries from areas already conquered and by deploying guerrilla warfare methods. P. K. Bhattacharyya states that the empire was built by a gradual conquest of provinces after the initial consolidation of Magadha. After Alexander's death in 323 BCE, Chandragupta and

"Shunga Empire"
have controlled the city of Ujjain. Meanwhile, Kabul and much of the Punjab passed into the hands of the Indo-Greeks and the Deccan Plateau to the Satavahana dynasty. Pushyamitra died after ruling for 36 years (187–151 BCE). He was succeeded by son Agnimitra. This prince is the hero of a famous drama by one of India's greatest playwrights, Kālidāsa. Agnimitra was viceroy of Vidisha when the story takes place. The power of the Shungas gradually weakened. It is said that there were ten Shunga emperors. The Shungas were succeeded by the Kanva dynasty around 73 BCE. Following the Mauryans, the

"World number 1 ranked male tennis players"
format) at Roland Garros (where Cochet defeated Bruce Barnes, Tilden beat Plaa and Cochet and Barnes overcame Plaa and the US won the doubles). Before 1973, there were no computer-based rankings based on the points players obtained for achieving a certain level of performance in particular tournaments, but only journalists or officials (on their personal behalf) or promoters or players themselves who listed their own annual rankings. In some years, however, only a small number of journalists or players released rankings at the end of the tennis year. For these years, rankings done by tennis historians or sports statisticians well

by official organizations such as the United States Lawn Tennis Association were based on judgments made by men and women and not on mathematical formulas assigning points for wins or losses. In 1938, for instance, when Don Budge won the amateur Grand Slam, it was easy to conclude that Budge was not only the U.S. No. 1 but also the world No. 1 amateur player. It was far more difficult, however, to decide who was the best overall player, amateur or professional, for that year because both Ellsworth Vines and Fred Perry, now professionals, were still at the top of

"Angelique Kerber"
second highest-paid female athlete in the world in the annual Forbes list of 2017. Kerber has received the following awards: Angelique Kerber Angelique Kerber (; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player and former world No. 1, and a three time Grand Slam champion. Having made her professional debut in 2003, Kerber rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92 ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking

Angelique Kerber Angelique Kerber (; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player and former world No. 1, and a three time Grand Slam champion. Having made her professional debut in 2003, Kerber rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92 ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking for the first time and the first new number-one player since Victoria Azarenka in 2012. A left-hander, known for her

"Serena Williams"
Serena Williams Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first time on July 8, 2002. On her sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf. In total, she has been No. 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks third in the ""Open Era"" among female players behind Graf and Martina Navratilova. Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles

"Simona Halep"
Simona Halep Simona Halep (; born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She is the current world No. 1 on the WTA Tour, a ranking she first achieved in October 2017, and has won 18 WTA singles titles and one WTA doubles title. Halep first broke into the world's top 50 at the end of 2012, reached the top 20 in August 2013, and finally the top 10 in January 2014. She won her first six WTA titles in the same calendar year in 2013 (a feat that was last achieved by Steffi Graf in 1986 when

Tennis
player ever with the argument that ""Head-to-head, on a neutral surface (i.e. hard courts), everyone at their best, I can't help feeling that she crushes the other legends."". In a reaction to this article Yahoo sports blog Busted Racket published a list of the top-10 women's tennis players of all time placing Martina Navratilova in first spot. This top-10 list was similar to the one published in June 2008 by the Bleacher Report who also ranked Martina Navratilova as the top female player of all time. Steffi Graf is considered by some to be the greatest female player. Billie Jean

seven consecutive years as the world No. 1. But, given the spotty and often contradictory record-keeping of the professional results since 1926, it is frequently difficult to make a clear, objective judgment as to who was the best player in any number of years. There were numerous ""teaching"" professionals, that is, players who gave lessons for money at private clubs and public parks. Because they accepted money in return for their services, they were not allowed to participate in amateur tournaments. They did, however, create a number of relatively small professional tournaments for players like themselves, primarily in Europe. Some

"Sania Mirza"
crore on two separate occasions. In July 2016, Mirza published an autobiography titled ""Ace Against Odds"" chronicling her journey to the top. In addition to her journey, the book also lists some of her memorable encounters on and off the court. And the people and relationships that have contributed to her growth as a person and a sportsperson. Sania Mirza Sania Mirza (; born 15 November 1986) is an Indian professional tennis player. A former world No. 1 in the doubles discipline, she has won six Grand Slam titles in her career. From 2003 until her retirement from singles in

process of writing a TV show storyline, which will be converted into script form by her agency. She stated that the show will represent subject matter from a mix of popular American television shows such as ""Desperate Housewives"", and ""Family Guy"". Williams released her first solo autobiography entitled ""On the Line"", following the 2009 US Open. Serena Williams Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first

"Habsburg Monarchy"
domains were split up in 1521 between this ""junior"" Austrian branch and the ""senior"" Spanish branch. The monarchy had no official name. Instead, various names included: The Habsburg family originated with the Habsburg Castle in modern Switzerland, and after 1279 came to rule in Austria (""the Habsburg Hereditary Lands""). The Habsburg family grew to European prominence with the marriage and adoption treaty by Emperor Maximilian I at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, and the subsequent death of adopted Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in 1526. Following the death of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in the

Habsburg Monarchy The Habsburg Monarchy () - also ""Habsburg Empire"", ""Austrian Monarchy"" or ""Danube Monarchy"" - is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the between 1526 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918. The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, united only in the person of the monarch. The dynastic capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague. From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire,

"Habsburg Castle"
Habsburg Castle Habsburg Castle () is a medieval fortress located in Habsburg, Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau, near the Aar River. At the time of its construction, the location was part of the Duchy of Swabia. Habsburg Castle is the originating seat of the House of Habsburg, which became one of the leading imperial and royal dynasties in Europe. It is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. Around 1020–1030, Count Radbot, of the nearby county of Klettgau in the Duchy of Swabia, had the castle erected 35 km southwest of Klettgau, on the Aar, the largest

17th century, not all of the provinces were even necessarily ruled by the same person—junior members of the family often ruled portions of the Hereditary Lands as private apanages. Serious attempts at centralization began under Maria Theresa and especially her son Joseph II in the mid to late 18th century, but many of these were abandoned following large scale resistance to Joseph's more radical reform attempts, although a more cautious policy of centralization continued during the revolutionary period and the Metternichian period that followed. Another attempt at centralization began in 1849 following the suppression of the various revolutions of 1848.

"House of Habsburg"
the castle's name, located in what is now the Swiss canton of Aargau, are uncertain. There is disagreement on whether the name is derived from the High German ""Habichtsburg"" (hawk castle), or from the Middle High German word ""hab/hap"" meaning ""ford"", as there is a river with a ford nearby. The first documented use of the name by the dynasty itself has been traced to the year 1108. The Habsburg Castle was the family seat in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. The Habsburgs expanded their influence through arranged marriages and by gaining political privileges, especially countship rights in Zürichgau,

(also known as Phillip the Fair) married Joanna of Castile, also known as Joan the Mad, heiress of Castile, Aragon, and most of Spain. Phillip and Joan had six children, the eldest of whom became emperor Charles V and inherited the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon (including their colonies in the New World) as Charles I, Southern Italy, Austria, and the Low Countries. The foundations for the later empire of Austria-Hungary were laid in 1515 by the means of a double wedding between Louis, only son of Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, and Maximilian's granddaughter Mary; and between

Carinthia and Carniola in 1335 and the Count of Tirol in 1363. Their original scattered possessions in the southern Alsace, south-western Germany and Vorarlberg were collectively known as Further Austria. The senior Habsburg dynast generally ruled Lower Austria from Vienna as archduke (""paramount duke"") of the Duchy of Austria. The Styrian lands had already been ruled in personal union by the Babenberg dukes of Austria since 1192 and were finally seized with the Austrian lands by the Habsburg king Rudolph I of Germany upon his victory in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. In 1335 Rudolph's grandson Duke Albert II

Aargau and Thurgau. In the 13th century, the house aimed its marriage policy at families in Upper Alsace and Swabia. They were also able to gain high positions in the church hierarchy for their members. Territorially, they often profited from the extinction of other noble families such as the House of Kyburg. By the second half of the 13th century, count Rudolph IV (1218–1291) had become one of the most influential territorial lords in the area between the Vosges Mountains and Lake Constance. Due to these impressive preconditions, on 1 October 1273, Rudolph was chosen as the King of the

Battle of Mohács against the Turks, his brother-in-law Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was elected the next King of Bohemia and Hungary. Names of the territory that (with some exceptions) finally became Austria-Hungary: The Hungarian parts of the Empire were called ""Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen"" or ""Lands of Holy (St.) Stephen's Crown"" (""Länder der Heiligen Stephans Krone""). The Bohemian (Czech) Lands were called ""Lands of the St. Wenceslaus' Crown"" (""Länder der Wenzels-Krone""). Names of some smaller territories: Within the early modern Habsburg Monarchy, each province was governed according to its own particular customs. Until the mid

"Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor"
of Austria, Bohemia and Royal Hungary, Ferdinand adopted a policy of centralisation and, in common with other monarchs of the time, the construction of an absolute monarchy. In 1527, soon after ascending the throne, he published a constitution for his hereditary domains ("""") and established Austrian-style institutions in Pressburg for Hungary, in Prague for Bohemia, and in Breslau for Silesia. Opposition from the nobles in those realms forced him to concede the independence of these institutions from supervision by the Austrian government in Vienna in 1559. After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary the traditional Hungarian coronation city, Székesfehérvár came under

"High-speed rail in India"
three minutes, and that other maneuverings are largely responsible for the drastic drop. The reduction of time is largely due to shifting the train's departure point from New Delhi railway station to Hazrat Nizamuddin and doing away with the scheduled stop at Mathura reportedly saving 14 minutes. Limiting the locomotive to 10 coaches (Bhopal Shatabdi has 14) leads to a decrease of another two minutes. Thus track improvements and superior infrastructure lead to a decrease of only five minutes, three minutes owing to route relay and interlocking at Agra, and one minute each due to the approval to run a

Shatabdi Express, completes the journey in 7 hours. The Diamond Quadrilateral high speed network connecting the four major cities of Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai was a key plank in the BJP's election manifesto. PM Modi mentioned in his address to the joint session of Parliament on 9 June 2014 that the new Government was committing to launch the project. As of November 2016, the Indian Railways has asked Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES) to prepare a detailed project report within the next six months. The railways aims to implement the first stretch of the project in less

High-speed rail in India India does not have any railways that can be classified as high-speed rail (HSR) by international standards, i.e. railways with operational speeds exceeding . The current fastest train in India is the Gatimaan Express with a top speed of , which only runs between Delhi and Jhansi. Prior to the 2014 general election, the two major national parties (Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress(INC)) pledged to introduce high-speed rail. The INC pledged to connect all of India's million-plus cities by high-speed rail, whereas BJP, which won the election, promised to build the Diamond Quadrilateral project,

"Indian Railways"
via Jodhpur, Udaipur and Chittaurgarh, Ranthambore National Park and Jaipur, Khajuraho, Varanasi and Sarnath, and Agra. ""Maharajas' Express"", a luxury train operated by the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), runs on five routes to about 12 destinations across north-West and central India (centered around Rajasthan) from October to April. The ""Deccan Odyssey"" covers tourist destinations in Maharashtra and Goa. Its seven-night, eight-day tour begins in Mumbai and stops at Jaigad Fort, Ganapatipule and Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Tarkarli and Sawantwadi, Goa, Kolhapur and Pune (Day 5), Aurangabad and Ellora Caves, and Ajanta Caves and Nashik. The ""Golden Chariot"" runs on

"Longest train services of Indian Railways"
Longest train services of Indian Railways The list of longest train services of Indian Railways contains ""regular"" passenger rail services that are currently scheduled and running directly between two cities of India which are more than 2000 km apart. The special trains, coach changes, shunting or station transfers are not listed here. Indian Railways (IR) is one of the world's largest railway networks comprising of track over a route of and 7,112 stations. In 2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers annually or more than 23 million passengers a day (roughly half of whom were suburban passengers) and 1058.81 million tons

of freight in the year. IR runs 12,617 passenger trains and 7,421 freight trains daily. Since Indian Railways operates many trains per day, it is difficult to include train services with less than 2000 km length into a table. Here the operators of train services with more than 2000 km are listed in sequence. In the first section the operating ""Zone"" and in second section the operating ""Division"" is tabulated separately. Most of the long distance trains are operated by Southern Railway (SR) (41 nos) followed by Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) (18 nos). But the longest running train, Vivek express

from 43 km/h to 70 km/h. Several existing railway tracks were upgraded to run the trains at 250 km/h. In February 2014, Henri Poupart-Lafarge of Alstom, manufacturer of trains used on TGV in France, stated that India is at least 5–10 years away from high-speed trains. He suggested the country should first upgrade the infrastructure to handle trains travelling . In July 2014, a trial run of a ""semi-high speed train"" with 10 coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of between New Delhi and Agra. The train, named Gatimaan Express, had its first commercial run at 5 April 2016.

hour (5,000 in each direction). The route was found to be feasible and can be made operational by 2026 as per the Detailed Project Report (DPR) submitted to Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) by Virgin Hyperloop one in January 2018. DPR provided three feasible terminal end-points options in Mumbai, namely Dadar, Santacruz and the Mumbai International Airport. Currently, 3,00,000 people commute daily between these two cities daily in 1,10,000 vehicles (including 80,000 cars and 6,000 buses). The Andra Pradesh state government is currently studying the feasibility of the project and if introduced, the 40 km distance between the two

by 2022. The foundation stone ceremony was held on 14 September 2017 when Japanese Prime minister Shinzō Abe and Indian Prime minister Narendra Modi flagged off the construction work in Ahmedabad. The JR East/Hitachi E5 series Shinkansen trains will be used in this corridor. It has a maximum speed of 350 km/h, and a maximum operational speed of 320 km/h and an average speed of 260 km/h. One of the first proposals to introduce high-speed trains in India was mooted in the mid-1980s by then Railway Minister Madhavrao Scindia. A high-speed rail line between Delhi and Kanpur via Agra was

"Rajdhani Express"
of the New Delhi-Ranchi Rajdhani Express derailed at the New Delhi station. According to a railway spokesperson, no one was injured in the incident. Rajdhani Express The Rajdhani Express is a series of express passenger train services in India operated by Indian Railways connecting the national capital New Delhi with the capital and/or largest cities of various states. Rajdhani means ""The Capital"" in many Indian languages. The Rajdhanis are among the fastest trains in India along with Tejas Express, Gatimaan Express, Shatabdi Express and Duronto Express and get the highest priority on the Indian railway network. The first Rajdhani Express

"2018 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting"
Kennedy, Rodrigo López, Mike MacDougal, Guillermo Mota, Will Ohman, Vicente Padilla, Carl Pavano, Scott Podsednik, Juan Rivera, J. C. Romero, Brian Schneider, Ben Sheets, Jeff Suppan, Kip Wells, Dan Wheeler and Jack Wilson. On July 23, 2016, the Hall of Fame announced changes to the Era Committee system. The system's timeframes were restructured to place a greater emphasis on the modern game, and to reduce the frequency at which individuals from the pre-1970 game (including Negro Leagues figures) will have their careers reviewed. Separate 16-member subcommittees continue to vote on individuals from different eras of baseball, with candidates still being

"2017 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting"
""The New York Times"" and ""The Philadelphia Inquirer"" before joining ESPN. Various changes in July 2016 were also made to the annual Ford C. Frick Award elections, presented annually to a preeminent baseball broadcaster since 1978. According to the Hall, the new criteria for selection are ""Commitment to excellence, quality of broadcasting abilities, reverence within the game, popularity with fans, and recognition by peers."" Additionally, a ballot of eight candidates will now be set, down from 10 in years past. The three ballot slots previously determined by fan voting on Facebook will now be filled by a committee of historians.

2017 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2017 proceeded according to rules most recently amended in 2016. As in the past, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from a ballot of recently retired players, with results announced on January 18, 2017. The BBWAA elected Jeff Bagwell, Tim Raines, and Iván Rodríguez to the Hall of Fame. The three voting panels that replaced the more broadly defined Veterans Committee following a July 2010 rules change were replaced by a new set of four panels in July 2016. The

and Chris Woodward. 442 ballots were cast, 2 more than in 2016. Jeff Bagwell, Tim Raines and Iván Rodríguez were elected. Raines and Lee Smith were on the ballot for their final time; Smith dropped off the ballot, while Raines was the fifth player to be elected in his final ballot, after Red Ruffing, Joe Medwick, Ralph Kiner, and Jim Rice. Rodríguez was elected in his first year of eligibility. Voting results from 2017: On July 23, 2016, the Hall of Fame announced changes to the Era Committee system. The system's timeframes were restructured to place a greater emphasis on

active for more than 10 years can regain voting status by covering MLB in the year preceding the election. As a result of the new rule, the vote total in 2016 decreased by 109 from the previous year, to 440. The ballot included two categories of players: 422 ballots were cast, 20 fewer than in 2017. Voting results from 2018: Players who were eligible for the first time in 2018 but were not on the ballot included Rod Barajas, Miguel Batista, Geoff Blum, Miguel Cairo, Aaron Cook, Francisco Cordero, Juan Cruz, Brian Fuentes, Bill Hall, Willie Harris, Nick Johnson, Adam

2018 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2018 proceeded according to rules most recently amended in 2016. As in the past, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from a ballot of recently retired players. The results were announced on January 24, 2018, with the BBWAA electing Chipper Jones, Vladimir Guerrero, Jim Thome and Trevor Hoffman to the Hall of Fame. Jones and Thome were elected in their first year of eligibility. The three voting panels that replaced the more broadly defined Veterans Committee following a 2010 rules

newly created Today's Game Committee convened early in December 2016 to select from a ballot of retired players and non-playing personnel who made their greatest contributions to the sport after 1987. John Schuerholz and Bud Selig were elected by this committee. On July 26, 2014, the Hall announced changes to the rules for election for recently retired players, reducing the number of years a player will be eligible to be on the ballot from fifteen years to ten. One candidate presently on the BBWAA ballot (Lee Smith) in years 10-15 was grandfathered into this system and retained his previous 15

A new election cycle has been established, rotating annually between ""Current Major League Markets"" (team-specific announcers) with the 2017 Frick Award; ""National Voices"" (broadcasters whose contributions were realized on a national level) with the 2018 Frick Award; and ""Broadcasting Beginnings"" (early team voices and pioneers of baseball broadcasting) with the 2019 Frick Award. This cycle will repeat every three years. The Hall announced the ballot for the 2017 award on November 7, 2016, with voting to take place at the 2016 winter meetings on December 7. On December 7, it was announced that Bill King was the winner of the

change were replaced by a new set of four panels in 2016. The Modern Baseball Era Committee convened on December 10, 2017 to select from a ballot of retired players and non-playing personnel who made their greatest contributions to the sport between 1970 and 1987, with Jack Morris and Alan Trammell elected by this body. The formal induction ceremony was held at the Hall's facilities in Cooperstown, New York on July 29, 2018. The BBWAA election rules remained identical to those that were in effect for the most recent elections. The BBWAA voted at the 2016 winter meetings to make

"Cars 3"
became [his] main resource to ﬁnd and understand the emotion"" in the film's storyline. Scott Morse, the film's story supervisor, said that he wanted to highlight the film's emotional core and the character's relationships, wanting the film to feel like a sports film while also focusing on McQueen realizing ""what their relationship meant to Doc."" On January 5, 2017, it was announced that Armie Hammer and Cristela Alonzo would voice Jackson Storm and Cruz Ramirez, respectively. Two months later, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea DeLaria joined the cast. The production utilized a new rendering system, RIS, which made scenes

"Cars 3"
Cars 3 Cars 3 is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Brian Fee in his directorial debut, written by Kiel Murray, Bob Peterson and Mike Rich, and executive-produced by John Lasseter, who directed the previous ""Cars"" films, the film is the third installment of the ""Cars"" franchise and a sequel to ""Cars 2"" (2011). The returning voices of Owen Wilson, Bonnie Hunt and Larry the Cable Guy are joined by Cristela Alonzo, Chris Cooper, Armie Hammer, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea DeLaria, in addition to

"Carlos Becerra (actor)"
Carlos Becerra (actor) Carlos Becerra (born July 12, 1991), is an American actor, producer and entrepreneur. Becerra debuted as the host of Discovery Channel TV series ""Carspotting"". Carlos is the host of ""Carspotting"" and runs two businesses– Imports & Classics and Cascadia Customs. He is also the founder of Cascadia Car Club, a roadside assistance club. In an interview with the Bellingham Herald, Becerra said, ""I’ve been a car guy my whole life … Whatcom County is full of old cars. You drive around the backroads and you see a lot of cars by barns or sitting in fields."" As

"Cristela Alonzo"
Watch in 2014"" by ""Cosmopolitan"". Alonzo voiced Cruz Ramirez in the Disney-Pixar film ""Cars 3"" (2017). In 2018 Alonzo did voice work for the podcast series Bubble created by the Maximum Fun network of podcasts. In 2013, with TV producer Becky Clements, Alonzo created her own semi-autobiographical comedy pilot ""Cristela"" for ABC. She wrote the pilot with her writing partner, Kevin Hench. It was not greenlit as a part of the 2013–2014 television season. In an unusual move, they decided to plan to shoot a pilot presentation with the penalty money (a 30% fee they got when the network initially

"Cars 3"
soundtrack features ""Run That Race"", an original song written and performed by Dan Auerbach, who stated the song is ""about never giving up and always trying your best"". Auerbach said that the filmmakers showed him the story and some dialogue, from which he pieced together a story for the song. The soundtrack also features ""Ride"", an original song performed by ZZ Ward featuring Gary Clark Jr., which was released as a single on April 14, 2017. The film's score was composed by Pixar's frequent collaborator, Randy Newman, who previously composed the first film's score. Tom MacDougall, Disney's executive vice-president of

"Sally Carrera"
will be attending the race at where McQueen crashes. TBA TBA TBA TBA Sally Carrera Sally Carrera is a fictional character In the Pixar computer animated film ""Cars"". She is Radiator Springs's town attorney and protagonist Lightning McQueen's love interest. She is voiced by Bonnie Hunt. In the film, Sally owns the Cozy Cone Motel, a newly refurbished tourist court similar in design to the Wigwam Motels but with each individual motel room constructed as an oversized traffic cone. She has cones all around her shop, inside and out; even the lamps, planters and alarm clocks follow the theme. Neon

"Owen Wilson"
Owen Wilson Owen Cunningham Wilson (born November 18, 1968) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and comedian. He has had a long association with filmmaker Wes Anderson, with whom he shared writing and acting credits for ""Bottle Rocket"" (1996) and ""The Royal Tenenbaums"" (2001), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. His older brother Andrew and younger brother Luke are also actors. He is known for his roles in Frat Pack comedies as well as voicing Lightning McQueen in the ""Cars"" franchise. Wilson was born in Dallas, Texas, the middle of

a teenager, according to the outlet, Carlos worked in berry fields and sold from his own stand. After graduating high school, he started buying cars and shipping them out of state. Carlos Becerra (actor) Carlos Becerra (born July 12, 1991), is an American actor, producer and entrepreneur. Becerra debuted as the host of Discovery Channel TV series ""Carspotting"". Carlos is the host of ""Carspotting"" and runs two businesses– Imports & Classics and Cascadia Customs. He is also the founder of Cascadia Car Club, a roadside assistance club. In an interview with the Bellingham Herald, Becerra said, ""I’ve been a car

"Bob Costas"
a frequent supporter of the school and has been in numerous radio commercials for them. He is also an honorary board member of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. In 1994, Costas appeared as the play-by-play announcer for the World Series (working alongside Tim McCarver) in the movie ""The Scout"". In 1998, he appeared as himself along with his rival/counterpart Al Michaels (who now works for NBC) from ABC in the movie ""BASEketball"". Costas voiced the animated character Bob Cutlass, a race announcer, in the movies ""Cars"" (2006) and ""Cars 3"" (2017). He also appeared as himself in the 2001 movie

"Cars 2"
with race car drivers better known in the specific countries in his dialogue scenes (however, he still appears as a competitor). In Brazil, Gorvette is replaced by Carla Veloso in his dialogue scenes (Carla appears in all other versions of the film, but with no lines); Carla is voiced by Brazilian singer Claudia Leitte. Sportspeople still appear, with Lewis Hamilton becoming Formula One champion Emerson Fittipaldi, while Brent Mustangburger and David Hobbscap were done by sports announcers José Trajano and Luciano do Valle. ""Cars"" is the second Pixar film, after ""Toy Story"", to have a sequel as well as becoming

"Hootie & the Blowfish"
Hootie & the Blowfish Hootie & the Blowfish is an American rock band that was formed in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1986 by Darius Rucker, Mark Bryan, Dean Felber and Jim Sonefeld. As of July 2010, the band had charted sixteen singles on various ""Billboard"" singles charts and recorded five studio albums. Their debut album, ""Cracked Rear View"" (1994), is the 19th-best-selling album of all time in the United States, and was certified platinum 21 times. They have sold over 21 million copies of their albums in the United States. The group was also popular in Canada, having three number-one

Academy to recognize achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. Hootie & the Blowfish Hootie & the Blowfish is an American rock band that was formed in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1986 by Darius Rucker, Mark Bryan, Dean Felber and Jim Sonefeld. As of July 2010, the band had charted sixteen singles on various ""Billboard"" singles charts and recorded five studio albums. Their debut album, ""Cracked Rear View"" (1994), is the 19th-best-selling album of all time in

the group to pursue music ministry, but he has made scattered guest appearances with the band (he played cello on their ""MTV Unplugged"" performance in 1996, and played drums at Gruene Hall in Gruene, Texas, on June 27, 2008). The band independently released two cassette demo EPs in 1991 and 1992. In 1993, they pressed 50,000 copies of a self-released EP, ""Kootchypop"". They were signed to Atlantic Records in August 1993, after being discovered by Atlantic A&R representative Tim Sommer, a former music journalist and member of the art rock band Hugo Largo. Sommer recalled that other record labels were

"Puss 'n' Boats"
Puss 'n' Boats ""Not to be confused with Puss Gets the Boot and Puss 'n' Toots, 1940 and 1942 Hanna-Barbera shorts"". Puss 'n' Boats is a 1966 Tom and Jerry cartoon directed by Abe Levitow and produced by Chuck Jones. It is the first Tom and Jerry cartoon (both regarding Tom and Jerry cartoons produced by Chuck Jones, and Tom and Jerry cartoons produced altogether) with Carl Brandt as the music composer. The title Puss 'n' Boats is a play-on-words of the phrase ""Puss in Boots"". The Cartoon is reminiscent of the 1952 shorts Cruise Cat, produced by Hanna-Barbera. A

"The Whoopee Boys"
The Whoopee Boys The Whoopee Boys is a 1986 comedy film starring Michael O'Keefe and Paul Rodriguez. The movie was made by the writers and the producers of the 1984 hit film ""Revenge of the Nerds"". Two dim-witted New York street peddlers, Jake Bateman and Barney Bonar, have grown tired of the frozen cold. They head to a car place where drivers are hired to transport vehicles. When they are denied driving a Cadillac to Palm Beach, Florida, Jake flirts with the car place owner and threatens to eat her goldfish until she agrees. Upon arriving in Palm Beach, the

takes his place as a ""guard"" of the ship. He blows a whistle, salutes the captain, and do the dance jig to the audience. Puss 'n' Boats ""Not to be confused with Puss Gets the Boot and Puss 'n' Toots, 1940 and 1942 Hanna-Barbera shorts"". Puss 'n' Boats is a 1966 Tom and Jerry cartoon directed by Abe Levitow and produced by Chuck Jones. It is the first Tom and Jerry cartoon (both regarding Tom and Jerry cartoons produced by Chuck Jones, and Tom and Jerry cartoons produced altogether) with Carl Brandt as the music composer. The title Puss 'n'

"Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom"
Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom is an educational ""Adventures in Music"" animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions, and originally released to theaters by Buena Vista Distribution on November 10, 1953. A sequel to the first ""Adventures in Music"" cartoon, the 3-D short ""Melody"", Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom is a stylized presentation of the evolution of the four orchestra sections over the ages with: the brass (""toot""), the woodwind (""whistle""), the strings (""plunk""), and the percussion (""boom""). The first Disney cartoon to be filmed and released in widescreen CinemaScope, ""Toot, Whistle, Plunk and

"Green Weenie"
Green Weenie The Green Weenie was a sports gimmick co-created by Bob Prince (1916–1985), the legendary broadcaster for the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team, and Pirate trainer Danny Whelan. It was most popular during the 1966 baseball season in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. The ""Green Weenie"" was manufactured by Tri-State Plastics, a Pittsburgh plastic thermoforming company between 1967-1974 and during the 1989 season. The Green Weenie was a green plastic rattle in the shape of a hot dog, which when waved at opposing players, purportedly put a jinx on them. Conversely, when waved at Pirate players it allegedly bestowed good

two women coming out of the church. The finale sees Judge Sternhill finding Colonel Phelps and they both give off the secret sign that they were both members of the ""secret society"" that Jake and Barney had become the newest members of. The Whoopee Boys The Whoopee Boys is a 1986 comedy film starring Michael O'Keefe and Paul Rodriguez. The movie was made by the writers and the producers of the 1984 hit film ""Revenge of the Nerds"". Two dim-witted New York street peddlers, Jake Bateman and Barney Bonar, have grown tired of the frozen cold. They head to a

"Tweety's S.O.S."
crash, the captain says Tweety's catch phrase ""I tawt I taw a puddy tat!"", and then when Sylvester comes crashing down on the captain, Tweety and Granny reply ""You did, you did see a pussy cat."" with Granny in a captain's suit and Tweety with a sailor's cap. Tweety's S.O.S. Tweety's S.O.S. is a Merrie Melodies cartoon featuring Sylvester and Tweety. It was directed by Friz Freleng. It was released on September 22, 1951. The story opens with Sylvester rummaging through trash cans for food. When he does not find anything worth satisfying, he is very sad and goes to

who were the the continent of the americas named after logically

"Naming of the Americas"
been named for him rather than for Amerigo Vespucci. It is not widely accepted. Naming the continent after a European colonizer is seen by some civil society groups as problematic. In 1977, the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (Consejo Mundial de Pueblos Indígenas) proposed using the term Abya Yala instead of ""America"" when referring to the continent. There are also names in other indigenous languages such as Ixachilan and Runa Pacha. Some scholars have picked up the term with a reference to the illegitimacy of colonialism. Naming of the Americas The naming of the Americas, or America occurred shortly after

Emeric of Hungary), from the Germanic forenames Amalric and Emmerich (however, the Old High German name ""Haimirich"" may also be a source), from Proto-Germanic ""*amal"" (“vigor, bravery”) or ""*heim"" (""home"") + ""*rik"" (“ruler”). Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first postulated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the Europeans. Vespucci was apparently unaware of the use of his name to refer to the new landmass, as Waldseemüller's maps

Naming of the Americas The naming of the Americas, or America occurred shortly after Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas in 1492. It is generally accepted that the name derives from Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer, who explored the new continents in the following years. However, some have suggested other explanations, including being named after a mountain range in Nicaragua, or after Richard Amerike of Bristol. In modern English, North and South America are generally considered separate continents, and taken together are called ""the Americas"" in the plural, parallel to similar situations such as the Carolinas. When conceived as a

separate from Asia. An accompanying book, ""Cosmographiae Introductio"", anonymous but apparently written by Waldseemüller's collaborator Matthias Ringmann, states, ""I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part [that is, the South American mainland], after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerigen, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women"". ""Americus Vesputius"" was the Latinized version of the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci's name, the forename being an old Italianization (compare modern Italian Enrico) of Medieval Latin ""Emericus"" (see Saint

explorers, but also is freed from the charge of violating the long-established and virtually inviolable ancient European tradition of using only the first name of royal individuals as opposed to the last name of commoners (such as Vespucci) in bestowing names to lands. A Bristol antiquarian Alfred Hudd suggested in 1908 that the name was derived from the surname ""Amerike"" or ""ap Meryk"" and was used on early British maps that have since been lost. Richard ap Meryk, anglicised to Richard Amerike (or Ameryk) ( 1445–1503) was a wealthy English merchant, royal customs officer and sheriff of Bristol. According to

in Bristol in 1497. Hudd reasoned that the scholars of the 1507 ""Cosmographiae Introductio"", unfamiliar with Richard Ameryk, assumed that the name America, which he claimed had been in use for ten years, was based on Amerigo Vespucci and, therefore, mistakenly transferred the honour from Ameryk to Vespucci. While Hudd's speculation has found support from some authors, there is no strong evidence to substantiate his theory that Cabot named America after Richard Ameryk. Moreover, because Amerike's coat of arms was similar to the flag later adopted by the independent United States, a legend grew that the North American continent had

"Antonio de Alcedo"
Antonio de Alcedo Antonio de Alcedo (1735–1812) was a Spanish soldier and scholar. Born in a settlement near to Quito (Ecuador), Alcedo was a military officer in the Spanish Army, and a notable historian and geographer. He is best known for his pioneering, five-volume work in American geography and history, ""The geographical and historical dictionary of America and the West Indies"" (""Diccionario geográfico-histórico de las Indias Occidentales""), published in Madrid between 1786-1789. At the time of his birth, Alcedo's father, Dionisio de Alcedo Herrera (1690-1777), was president of the Real Audiencia de Quito (1728 to 1737). He left Quito by

to Cabot, the more senior was Richard Ameryk (High Sheriff of Bristol in 1503). Hudd postulated that Cabot named the land that he had discovered after Ameryk, from whom he received the pension conferred by the king. He stated that Cabot had a reputation for being free with gifts to his friends, such that his expression of gratitude to the official would not be unexpected. Further, Hudd used a quote from a late 15th-century manuscript (a calendar of Bristol events), the original of which had been lost in an 1860 Bristol fire, that indicated the name America was already known

accept the name ""America"" for two centuries, saying that Columbus should get credit, and Waldseemüller's later maps, after Ringmann's death, did not include it; however, usage was established when Gerardus Mercator applied the name to the entire New World in his 1538 world map. Acceptance may have been aided by the ""natural poetic counterpart"" that the name ""America"" made with ""Asia, Africa,"" and ""Europa"". In 1875, Jules Marcou suggested that the name America derives from indigenous American languages where ""Amerrique"" originally named a prominent mountain range in present-day Nicaragua. In this view, Native speakers shared this indigenous word with Columbus

as etymologist Joy Rea has suggested, it could also be read as an explanation, in which he indicates that he has heard the New World was called America, and the only explanation lay in Vespucci's name. Among the reasons proponents give in adopting this theory include the recognition of “the simple fact that place names usually originate informally in the spoken word and first circulate that way, not in the printed word.” In addition, Waldseemüller not only is exonerated from the charge of having arrogated to himself the privilege of naming lands, which privilege was reserved to monarchs and actual

"Adrian Nicholas"
Adrian Nicholas Adrian Nicholas (4 March 1962 – 17 September 2005) was a British skydiver who completed more than 8,000 jumps in 30 countries. He is best known for his successful test in July 2000 of Leonardo da Vinci's (1452–1519) parachute design, proving it to be in retrospect the world's first working parachute. A modified pyramidal design was later also successfully tested by his Swiss colleague Olivier Vietti-Teppa. On 12 March 1999, Nicholas stepped out of an aeroplane at 35,850 ft. He flew for 4 minutes, 55 seconds and covered a distance of 10 miles, establishing new world records for

"Felix Baumgartner"
Felix Baumgartner Felix Baumgartner (; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper. He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated , reaching an estimated top speed of , or Mach 1.25. He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent. He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall distance without drogue, and vertical speed without drogue. Though he still holds the two

Since 2014, he has been in a relationship with Romanian television presenter Mihaela Rădulescu. Felix Baumgartner Felix Baumgartner (; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper. He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated , reaching an estimated top speed of , or Mach 1.25. He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent. He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall

"Luke Aikins"
Luke Aikins Luke Aikins (born November 21, 1973) is an American professional skydiver, BASE jumper, pilot, and aerial photographer. He is the first person to intentionally dive from mid-tropospheric altitude and land safely without a parachute or a wingsuit and the second skydiver to intentionally and safely land without using a parachute. Aikins has coached United States Navy SEALs and NASCAR's Brian Vickers, and has advised the military on skydiving techniques. He is also a safety and training advisor for the United States Parachute Association. He is also an aerial photographer and his photos have been published in major magazines

same or another aircraft without making use of parachute. Luke Aikins Luke Aikins (born November 21, 1973) is an American professional skydiver, BASE jumper, pilot, and aerial photographer. He is the first person to intentionally dive from mid-tropospheric altitude and land safely without a parachute or a wingsuit and the second skydiver to intentionally and safely land without using a parachute. Aikins has coached United States Navy SEALs and NASCAR's Brian Vickers, and has advised the military on skydiving techniques. He is also a safety and training advisor for the United States Parachute Association. He is also an aerial photographer

"Owen J. Quinn"
Owen J. Quinn Owen J. Quinn (born 1941 in the Bronx, New York) is an American man who was the first person to successfully parachute off one of the World Trade Center towers. He did this on July 22, 1975. In an interview with C. J. Sullivan of the ""New York Press"", Quinn claims that his first memories were of ""how it all got bad very quick"". His mother grew sick and was hospitalized for a long stretch of time and finances for the family were low so his father had to place him and his sister in an orphanage

"Alan Eustace"
stratosphere, breaking Felix Baumgartner's 2012 world record. The launch-point for his jump was from an abandoned runway in Roswell, New Mexico, where he began his gas balloon-powered ascent early that morning. He reached a reported maximum altitude of , but the final number submitted to the World Air Sports Federation was . The balloon used for the feat was manufactured by the Balloon Facility of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India. Eustace in his pressure suit hung tethered under the balloon, without the kind of capsule used by Felix Baumgartner. Eustace started his fall by using an explosive

"Dan Goodwin"
Dan Goodwin Daniel ""Dan"" Goodwin (Kennebunkport, November 7, 1955) is an American climber best known for performing gymnastic-like flag maneuvers and one arm fly offs while free soloing difficult rock climbs on national TV and for scaling towering skyscrapers, including the Sears Tower, the John Hancock Center, the World Trade Center, the CN Tower, and (for the program ""Stan Lee's Superhumans"") the Telefónica Building in Santiago, Chile. On November 21, 1980, Dan Goodwin witnessed the MGM Grand fire in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, including the inability of the Clark County Fire Department and the supporting fire departments to rescue

"Nick Piantanida"
Nick Piantanida Nicholas John ""Nick"" Piantanida (August 15, 1932 – August 29, 1966) was an American amateur parachute jumper who reached 123,500 feet (37,642 meters, 23.39 miles) with his ""Strato Jump II"" balloon on February 2, 1966, flying a manned balloon higher than anyone before, a record that stood until Felix Baumgartner's flight on October 14, 2012. Piantanida was born August 15, 1932, and grew up in Union City, New Jersey. He had a younger brother, Vern. When Piantanida was 10 years old, he experimented with homemade parachutes, harnessing a stray neighborhood cat to one in a test drop off

device to separate from the helium balloon. His descent to Earth lasted 4 minutes 27 seconds and stretched nearly with peak speeds exceeding , setting new world records for the highest free-fall jump and total free-fall distance . However, because Eustace's jump involved a drogue parachute, while Baumgartner's did not, their vertical speed and free-fall distance records remain in different categories. Unlike Baumgartner, Eustace, a twin-engine-jet pilot, was not widely known as a daredevil prior to his jump. Alan Eustace Robert Alan Eustace is an American computer scientist who served as Senior Vice President of Knowledge at Google. Since October

"True Grit (2010 film)"
True Grit (2010 film) True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executively produced by Steven Spielberg. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously filmed in 1969 starring John Wayne and Glen Campbell. This version stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. ""Rooster"" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper. Feisty 14 year-old farm girl Mattie Ross (Steinfeld) hires Cogburn, a boozy, trigger-happy lawman (Bridges) after an outlaw

"True Grit (1969 film)"
Hal B. Wallis to replace Hathaway with Roman Polanski, who had directed Farrow in ""Rosemary's Baby"", but Wallis refused. Farrow quit the film, which was then offered to Sondra Locke and Tuesday Weld, both of whom turned it down. John Wayne met Karen Carpenter at a talent show he was hosting and recommended her for the part, though the producers decided against it because she had no acting experience. Wayne had also lobbied for his daughter Aissa to win the part. After also considering Sally Field, the role went to Kim Darby. Elvis Presley was the original choice for LaBoeuf

"True Grit (novel)"
John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. ""Rooster"" Cogburn, along with Robert Duvall and Strother Martin. Six years later, in 1975, Wayne reprised his Academy Award-winning role as the tough hard drinking one-eyed lawman in the sequel film ""Rooster Cogburn"" with co-star Katharine Hepburn, Richard Jordan, Anthony Zerbe, Strother Martin and John McIntire. In 2010, Joel and Ethan Coen wrote and directed another film adaption of the same name, which starred Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross, Matt Damon as LaBoeuf and Jeff Bridges as Rooster Cogburn. In November 2010, The Overlook Press published a movie tie-in edition of the second

True Grit (1969 film) True Grit is a 1969 American western film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in the film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel ""Rooster Cogburn"". Historians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Glen Campbell,

based on 263 reviews, with an average score of 8.4/10 and with its consensus stating: ""Girded by strong performances from Jeff Bridges, Matt Damon, and newcomer Hailee Steinfeld, and lifted by some of the Coens' most finely tuned, unaffected work, ""True Grit"" is a worthy companion to the Charles Portis book."" Metacritic gave the film an average score of 80/100 based on 41 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Total Film gave the film a five-star review (denoting 'outstanding'): ""This isn't so much a remake as a masterly re-creation. Not only does it have the drop on the

We don't want to take anyone else's."" The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2011. True Grit (2010 film) True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executively produced by Steven Spielberg. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously filmed in 1969 starring John Wayne and Glen Campbell. This version stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. ""Rooster"" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry

book was adapted as a screenplay by Marguerite Roberts for the Western film ""True Grit"" directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Kim Darby as Mattie Ross, Robert Duvall as ""Lucky"" Ned Pepper, Glen Campbell as LaBoeuf, Jeff Corey as Tom Chaney, and John Wayne as Rooster Cogburn (a role that won John Wayne Best Actor at the Academy Awards). A film sequel, ""Rooster Cogburn"", was produced from an original screenplay in 1975, with John Wayne reprising his role, and Katharine Hepburn as an elderly spinster, Eula Goodnight, who teams with him. The sequel was not well received, and the plot

was nominated for ten Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Bridges), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Steinfeld), Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing. However, it won none. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 7, 2011. Mattie Ross's father was murdered by Tom Chaney when she was 14 years old. While collecting her father's body in Fort Smith, Arkansas, Mattie asks the local sheriff about the search for Chaney. He tells her that Chaney has fled with ""Lucky""

was considered a needless reworking of the plot of ""True Grit"" combined with elements of ""The African Queen"". A made-for-television sequel aired in 1978 entitled """" and starring Warren Oates and Lisa Pelikan. The TV-movie featured more adventures of Rooster Cogburn and Mattie Ross. In 2010, Joel and Ethan Coen released another film adaptation of the novel, also entitled ""True Grit"", with thirteen-year-old actress Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross, veteran actor Jeff Bridges playing Rooster Cogburn, Matt Damon as LaBoeuf, Barry Pepper as Lucky Ned, and Josh Brolin as Tom Chaney. Their version, focusing on Mattie's point of view, follows

really is. I mean that's what you see on the screen. He's simple and direct, and I love that in his work."" Surrounded by an angry director, a nervous actress, and the inexperienced Glen Campbell, Wayne took the reins between his teeth the same way Rooster Cogburn does in the climax of the film. ""He was there on the set before anyone else and knew every line perfectly"", said Kim Darby. Both Wayne and Hathaway had difficulties with Robert Duvall, with the director having constant shouting matches with his supporting actor and Duvall and Wayne nearly coming to blows. The

"Degrassi: Next Class (season 3)"
Degrassi: Next Class (season 3) The third season of """" premiered on January 9, 2017 on Family Channel under the teen block F2N in Canada and began streaming internationally on January 6, 2017 on Netflix. This season follows a group of high school juniors and seniors from Degrassi Community School, a fictional school in Toronto, Ontario, and depicts some of the typical issues and challenges common to a teenager's life. This season will pick up a couple of months after the season two finale and begin a new school year. It will tell the stories of a new generation navigating

"Succession (TV series)"
tunnel. On February 25, 2018, filming took place at Eastnor Castle near Ledbury in Herefordshire, England. On January 18, 2018, HBO released the first teaser trailer for the series. On March 27, 2018, a second teaser trailer was released. On April 26, 2018, the first full trailer was released. On April 27, 2018, the series held its official world premiere during the Series Mania Festival in Lille, France in which the pilot episode was screened. On May 22, 2018, the series held its official US premiere at the Time Warner Center in New York City. The series has been met

in May 2016 and finished in August of the same year. The season is expected to premiere on January 6, 2017 on Netflix internationally and on January 9, 2017 on Family Channel's 'F2N' teen block. On F2N, it will run for two weeks and use the telenovela format. The season premiered at midnight on January 6, 2017, on the Family Channel App. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Degrassi: Next Class (season 3) The third season of """" premiered on January 9, 2017 on Family Channel under the teen block F2N in Canada and began streaming internationally on January 6, 2017 on Netflix. This season

"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)"
portrayed himself in a guest appearance. Jes Macallan, Adam Tsekhman and Hiro Kanagawa recurred as the Time Bureau agents Ava Sharpe, Gary Green and Wilbur Bennett, respectively. Filming for the season began in July 2017, and ended in February 2018. ""Here I Go Again"" was written as the season's bottle episode, and focused mainly on Ashe's character Zari. Sellers called her experience playing an 80-year-old version of Amaya Jiwe ""horrible"" because of the practical elements that were involved in creating the character's look, particularly the makeup. She recalled, ""I was sent to a full head cast [...] I was covered

"This Is Us (season 3)"
Production on the season officially began on July 10, 2018, in Los Angeles. General references This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series ""This Is Us"" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast

the first season of the series began in October 2017 in New York City at locations including Lexington Avenue and East 75th Street. During the week of November 20, 2017, production took place in the Financial District of Manhattan. In December 2017, the series was reportedly in production on the sixth episode. From mid-January 2018 to the end of the month, the production moved from New York to New Mexico. Filming reportedly took place around the Santa Fe area of the state. On February 22, 2018, filming took place in New Jersey which required the closing of the Atlantic City-Brigantine

after each episode. It is hosted by five members: Asha Bromfield, Lovell Adams-Gray, Luke Watters, Kelly McNamee, and Samantha ""Sam"" Munro. The aftershow talks about ""The Next Step"" and breaks down some parts to help the viewer understand it better. It may also give the viewer different perspectives on the characters. The whole aftershow can be viewed on the ""Family Channel's"" website. In Seasons 2 and 3, the aftershow was overhauled. The new aftershow was about characters (e.g. Becoming Michelle) and in Season 3, Cast Cams were created. It was more of a behind-the-scenes aftershow rather than, as with Season

"I Don't Like Mondays"
I Don't Like Mondays ""I Don't Like Mondays"" is a song by Irish band The Boomtown Rats about the 1979 Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego. The song was a number one single in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks during the summer of 1979, and ranks as the sixth biggest hit of the UK in 1979. Written by Bob Geldof, it was the band's second single to reach number one on the UK charts. The full length version appeared on the group's third album, ""The Fine Art of Surfacing"". It includes a reprise of the first verse,

8 concert in London, on 2 July 2005. ""I Don't Like Mondays"" was subsequently covered by Tori Amos on her 2001 album ""Strange Little Girls"" and later by G4 on their 2006 album ""Act Three"". I Don't Like Mondays ""I Don't Like Mondays"" is a song by Irish band The Boomtown Rats about the 1979 Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego. The song was a number one single in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks during the summer of 1979, and ranks as the sixth biggest hit of the UK in 1979. Written by Bob Geldof, it was

on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song was played regularly by album-oriented rock format radio stations in the United States throughout the 1980s, although radio stations in San Diego refrained from playing the track for some years in respect to local sensitivities about the shooting. The strings were arranged by Fiachra Trench. Apart from Geldof, pianist Johnnie Fingers and drummer Simon Crowe are the only members of the group who appear on the recording. In the UK the song reached Number One on the singles chart in July 1979, and won the Best Pop Song and Outstanding British Lyric

which was edited for the single release. According to Geldof, he wrote the song after reading a telex report at Georgia State University's campus radio station, WRAS, on the shooting spree of 16-year-old Brenda Ann Spencer, who fired at children in a school playground at Grover Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego, California, on 29 January 1979, killing two adults and injuring eight children and one police officer. Spencer showed no remorse for her crime; her full explanation for her actions was ""I don't like Mondays. This livens up the day"". Geldof had been contacted by Steve Jobs to play

categories at the Ivor Novello Awards. On 9 September 1981, Geldof was joined on stage by fellow Boomtown Rat, Johnnie Fingers, to perform the song for The Secret Policeman's Ball sponsored by Amnesty International. A recording of that performance appears on the 1982 album, The Secret Policeman's Other Ball. The Boomtown Rats performed the song for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in 1985. This was the band's final major appearance. On singing the line, ""And the lesson today is how to die"", Geldof paused for 20 seconds while the crowd applauded on the significance to those starving in Africa that

"Happy Mondays"
(1988), ""Madchester Rave On"" (1989), and ""Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches"" (1990), with the latter going platinum in the UK. They disbanded in 1993, and have reformed several times in subsequent decades. The band were signed to Factory Records after passing a demo tape to Phil Saxe, a trader at Manchester Arndale who was on friendly terms with Mike Pickering, a DJ at the Haçienda nightclub. Saxe became the band's manager. Their first release was the ""Forty Five EP"", often called the ""Delightful EP"" after its first track. It was released on Factory Records in September 1985. Their first album,

journalists interviewing her said, 'Tell me why?' It was such a senseless act. It was the perfect senseless act and this was the perfect senseless reason for doing it. So perhaps I wrote the perfect senseless song to illustrate it. It wasn't an attempt to exploit tragedy. Geldof had originally intended the song as a B-side, but changed his mind after the song was successful with audiences on the Rats' US tour. Spencer's family tried unsuccessfully to prevent the single from being released in the United States. Despite being a major hit in the United Kingdom, it only reached #73

"Phil Wainman"
on to work in property and real estate management. Phil Wainman Philip Neil Wainman (born 7 June 1946, West London, England) is an English record producer and songwriter, primarily active in the 1970s. He is noted for his work with Sweet, XTC, Dollar, Mud, and the Bay City Rollers. His greatest chart success, however, was the production of ""I Don't Like Mondays"" by The Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof and arranged by Fiachra Trench. In 1964 Wainman was working the European cabaret circuit with a band called The High Grades. He returned to the UK and joined The Paramounts

""Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out)"", was released in 1987 and was produced by John Cale. This was followed by two further albums: ""Bummed"", in 1988, produced by Martin Hannett, and ""Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches"", in 1990, produced by Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osborne. The latter, recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, went platinum in the UK, selling more than 350,000 copies. Singles ""Step On"" and ""Kinky Afro"" from this album both reached number 5 in the UK singles chart. By the late 1980s, the Happy Mondays were an important

"I Don't Like"
I Don't Like ""I Don't Like"" is the debut single by Chief Keef featuring Lil Reese and produced by Young Chop on the Beat. It was released on March 11, 2012. It peaked at #73 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, #20 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and #15 on the Rap Songs chart. The song was produced by Young Chop. The video for ""I Don't Like"" went viral with over 28 million views on YouTube, before being taken down. The song features Chief Keef listing off things he does not like. The song was later remixed by Kanye West,

weekend is less than 100, not statistically higher than any other time of the year, and that the notion of mass increases in human trafficking around the Super Bowl was a politician's myth. The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a

Super Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. Some of the host requirements include: The NFL owners meet to make a selection on the site, usually three to five years prior to the event. In 2007, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that a Super Bowl might be played in London, perhaps at Wembley Stadium. The game has never been played in a region that lacks an NFL franchise; seven Super Bowls have been played in

"AFC Championship Game"
AFC Championship Game The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the American Football Conference (AFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with the merged league realigning into two conferences. Since 1984,

"Bowl game"
The new system uses a four-team single-elimination tournament, with its participants selected and seeded by a committee; the semi-final games are rotated between pairs of the six member bowls yearly (Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl, then Orange Bowl and Cotton Bowl Classic, and then the Fiesta Bowl and Peach Bowl). The winners from the two semi-final bowls advance to the College Football Playoff National Championship, which is played at a neutral site determined using bids. Members of the ""New Year's Six"" that are not hosting semi-final games revert to their traditional tie-ins. Like its predecessors, and in contrast to the

Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after

One Bowl"" for some time after the financial services company Capital One bought the naming rights). Prior to 1992 most bowls had strict agreements with certain conferences. For example, the Rose Bowl traditionally invited the champions of the Pac-10 and the Big Ten conferences. The Sugar Bowl invited the SEC champion and the Orange Bowl hosted the Big 8 conference champion. These conference tie-ins led to situations where the top-ranked teams in the country could not play each other in a bowl game. The national championship was decided after the bowls, solely by voters for various media polls, who tried

kind. The practice by the U.S. major leagues of using the ""World Champion"" moniker originates from the World Series of professional baseball, and it was later used during the first three Super Bowls when they were referred to as AFL-NFL World Championship Games. The phrase is still engraved on the Super Bowl rings. Super Bowl The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL). The game is the culmination of a regular season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. Normally, Roman numerals are used to identify each game, rather than

Halas Trophy, which is awarded to the NFC Champion, were redesigned by Tiffany & Co. at the request of the NFL, in an attempt to make both awards more significant. The trophies are now a new, silver design with the outline of a hollow football positioned on a small base to more closely resemble the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which is awarded to the winner of the Super Bowl. Notes: AFC Championship Game The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States.

"Bowl Championship Series"
to the College Football Championship Game. The game is hosted by a different city each year, with locations selected by bids, akin to the Super Bowl or the Final Four. AT&T Stadium hosted the first title game in 2015. The system is contracted to be in place through at least the 2025–2026 season per a contract with ESPN, which owns the rights to broadcast all games. Unlike the BCS, the system does not use polls or computer rankings to select participants. A 13-member committee chooses and seeds the teams for the two playoff games and four other top-tier bowl games,

Pontiac, Michigan and Super Bowl XL at Ford Field in Detroit, two in Minneapolis—Super Bowl XXVI at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome and Super Bowl LII at the U.S. Bank Stadium, one in Indianapolis at Lucas Oil Stadium for Super Bowl XLVI, and one in the New York area—Super Bowl XLVIII at MetLife Stadium. Only MetLife Stadium did not have a roof (be it fixed or retractable) but it was still picked as the host stadium for Super Bowl XLVIII in an apparent waiver of the warm-climate rule. There have been a few instances where the league has rescinded the

"Berlin Wall"
authorities allowed people to leave, provided that they did so by train through East Germany. This was followed by mass demonstrations within East Germany itself. Protest demonstrations spread throughout East Germany in September 1989. Initially, protesters were mostly people wanting to leave to the West, chanting (""We want out!""). Then protestors began to chant (""We are staying here!""). This was the start of what East Germans generally call the ""Peaceful Revolution"" of late 1989. The protest demonstrations grew considerably by early November. The movement neared its height on 4 November, when half a million people gathered to demand political change,

youngsters. Another border crossing to the south may have been opened earlier. An account by Heinz Schäfer indicates that he also acted independently and ordered the opening of the gate at Waltersdorf-Rudow a couple of hours earlier. This may explain reports of East Berliners appearing in West Berlin earlier than the opening of the Bornholmer Straße border crossing. The fall of the Berlin Wall () began the evening of 9 November 1989 and continued over the following days and weeks, with people nicknamed (wall woodpeckers) using various tools to chip off souvenirs, demolishing lengthy parts in the process, and creating

136 to more than 200 in and around Berlin. In 1989 a series of revolutions in nearby Eastern Bloc countries—Poland and Hungary in particular—caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Wall. After several weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the Wall, joined by West Germans on the other side in a celebratory atmosphere. Over the next few weeks, euphoric people and souvenir hunters chipped away parts

"Berlin Crisis of 1961"
and workers had begun to tear up streets running alongside the barrier to make them impassable to most vehicles, and to install barbed wire entanglements and fences along the around the three western sectors and the which actually divided West and East Berlin. Approximately 32,000 combat and engineer troops were employed for the building of the Wall, after which the Border Police became responsible for manning and improving it. To discourage Western interference and perhaps control potential riots, the Soviet Army was present. On 30 August 1961, in response to moves by the Soviet Union to cut off access to

The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was declared on 7 October 1949. By a secret treaty, the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs accorded the East German state administrative authority, but not autonomy. The Soviets permeated East German administrative, military and secret police structures and had full control. East Germany differed from West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), which developed into a Western capitalist country with a social market economy ( in German) and a democratic parliamentary government. Continual economic growth starting in the 1950s fuelled a 20-year ""economic miracle"" (). As West Germany's economy grew, and its standard of living

steadily improved, many East Germans wanted to move to West Germany. After the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe at the end of World War II, the majority of those living in the newly acquired areas of the Eastern Bloc aspired to independence and wanted the Soviets to leave. Taking advantage of the zonal border between occupied zones in Germany, the number of GDR citizens moving to West Germany totaled 187,000 in 1950; 165,000 in 1951; 182,000 in 1952; and 331,000 in 1953. One reason for the sharp 1953 increase was fear of potential further Sovietization, given the increasingly paranoid actions

and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again,"" entreated Mayor Wowereit. ""It has been shown once again: Freedom is invincible at the end. No wall can permanently withstand the desire for freedom"", proclaimed President Wulff."" Notes Bibliography Further reading Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off (by

this intercept ""might be the first step in a plan to close the border"", which turned out to be correct. On Saturday 12 August 1961, the leaders of East Germany attended a garden party at a government guesthouse in Döllnsee, in a wooded area to the north of East Berlin, and Walter Ulbricht signed the order to close the border and erect a Wall. At midnight, the army, police, and units of the East German army began to close the border and by morning on Sunday 13 August 1961 the border to West Berlin had been shut. East German troops

but under the registration D-EWOH. If an escapee was wounded in a crossing attempt and lay on the death strip, no matter how close they were to the Western wall, Westerners could not intervene for fear of triggering engaging fire from the 'Grepos', the East Berlin border guards. The guards often let fugitives bleed to death in the middle of this ground, as in the most notorious failed attempt, that of Peter Fechter (aged 18). He was shot and bled to death, in full view of the Western media, on 17 August 1962. Fechter's death created negative publicity worldwide that

travel more freely than Westerners. On 13 June 1990, the East German military officially began dismantling the Wall, beginning in Bernauer Straße and around the Mitte district. From there, demolition continued through Prenzlauer Berg/Gesundbrunnen, Helligensee and throughout the city of Berlin until that December 1990. According to estimates by the border troops, a total of around 1.7 million tonnes of building rubble was produced by the demolition. Unofficially, the demolition of the Bornholmer Straße began because of construction work on the railway. This involved a total of 300 GDR border guards and - after 3 October 1990 - 600 Pioneers

"Matt Busby"
Matt Busby Sir Alexander Matthew Busby, CBE, KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994) was a Scottish football player and manager, who managed Manchester United between 1945 and 1969 and again for the second half of the 1970–71 season. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time. His managerial records and longevity at the helm of Manchester United are surpassed only by Sir Alex Ferguson. Before going into management, Busby was a player for two of Manchester United's greatest rivals, Manchester City and Liverpool. During his time at City, Busby played in two FA

team entering in a local cup competition. Does not include matches Jimmy Murphy served as acting Manager following the Munich Air Disaster. Matt Busby Sir Alexander Matthew Busby, CBE, KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994) was a Scottish football player and manager, who managed Manchester United between 1945 and 1969 and again for the second half of the 1970–71 season. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time. His managerial records and longevity at the helm of Manchester United are surpassed only by Sir Alex Ferguson. Before going into management, Busby was a

"History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)"
History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) The period from 1986, when Alex Ferguson was appointed as Manchester United manager, to 2013, when he announced his retirement from football, was the most successful in the club's history. Ferguson joined the club from Aberdeen on the same day that Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and guided the club to a 12th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw)

ran away with a record 20th league title, sealing it with a home win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013. The key factor in United's success was top scorer Robin van Persie, a £25 million close-season signing from Arsenal. The Dutch forward was instrumental throughout the season and he fittingly scored all of United's goals as they won their title-clinching game 3–0. In May 2013, just before the end of the Premier League season, Ferguson announced his retirement as manager of Manchester United after 27 years, with David Moyes of Everton being announced as his successor the next day.

"José Mourinho"
José Mourinho José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix, (born 26 January 1963), known as José Mourinho (), is a Portuguese professional football coach and former football player. His most recent managerial position was as the manager of Manchester United. Following an uneventful career as a player across Portugal's football pyramid, Mourinho studied sports science at the Technical University of Lisbon, and attended coaching courses in Britain. In Lisbon, he worked as a physical education teacher and had spells working as a youth team coach, a scout, and an assistant manager. In the early 1990s, he initially worked as an interpreter

"Alex Ferguson"
Alex Ferguson Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is regarded to be one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic and Rangers. While playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the end of his playing career he also worked as a coach, then started his managerial career with East Stirlingshire and St Mirren. Ferguson then enjoyed

"History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–86)"
day Edwards intended to sack him, and the 58-year-old Mercer (who was to retire from football within two years) turned the offer down anyway. United's form briefly improved after this, allowing O'Farrell a stay of execution, but a 5–0 thumping by relegation rivals Crystal Palace just before Christmas proved too much, and led to the manager's dismissal on 19 December. In a way it was the end of an era, with Bill Foulkes having retired, Bobby Charlton's testimonial having been held the previous day and George Best once again announcing his retirement on the same day. Charlton, now 35, would

they were on a strong run in the League Cup and after beating Sheffield United in the FA Cup third round on 9 January 1994, United now had their sights set on a unique domestic treble. The club then endured sadness later that month with the death of Sir Matt Busby. In March 1994, United dropped points against Arsenal and bottom-of-the-table Swindon Town, in which Cantona was sent off in both games and subsequently received a five-match suspension. They then lost the League Cup final to Aston Villa and in April were beaten by Blackburn Rovers and Wimbledon, which meant

would now appear more relevant that it had been 16 years since United had last been relegated. By November 1989, newspaper reports suggested that Ferguson was on the verge of being sacked, although the United board denied that the manager's job was at risk; despite naturally disappointed with the lack of success in the league, they understood the reasons – namely the lengthy absence of key players including Bryan Robson and Neil Webb through injury. but victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved his career. However, the club finished 13th, their

summer, Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, their first successful defence of a knockout cup competition. Alex Ferguson joined Manchester United from Aberdeen on 6 November 1986, the same day that previous manager Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and immediately set about rebuilding the club's youth system. In Ferguson's first game in charge, the team lost 2–0 to Oxford United; his first victory came on 22 November 1986, a 1–0 defeat of Queens Park Rangers at Old Trafford. Over

"Tiberinus Silvius"
""cognomen"" Silvius, after the son of Ascanius, who was said to have been born in the woods. The only tradition specifically attached to Tiberinus is that he was drowned while crossing the river then known as the ""Albula"", but which was ever after known to the Latins as the Tiber. This ancient river formed the boundary of Latium and Etruria, and the city of Rome was later founded on a group of seven hills overlooking its banks. After his death, Tiberinus was revered as the god of the river (see Tiberinus (god)). In the earliest days of Rome, the cult

Rome
the pontifex maximus and later the seat of the Vatican and the pope. Before the arrival of the Christians in Rome, the Religio Romana (literally, the ""Roman Religion"") was the major religion of the city in classical antiquity. The first gods held sacred by the Romans were Jupiter, the most high, and Mars, god of war, and father of Rome's twin founders, Romulus and Remus, according to tradition. Other gods and goddesses such as Vesta and Minerva were honoured. Rome was also the base of several mystery cults, such as Mithraism. Later, after St Peter and St Paul were martyred

Tiber
were thrown as infants. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC on the banks of the Tiber about from the sea at Ostia. The island Isola Tiberina in the centre of Rome, between Trastevere and the ancient center, was the site of an important ancient ford and was later bridged. Legend says Rome's founders, the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, were abandoned on its waters, where they were rescued by the she-wolf, Lupa. The river marked the boundary between the lands of the Etruscans to the west, the Sabines to the east and the Latins

Tiber
to the south. Benito Mussolini, born in Romagna, adjusted the boundary between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna, so that the springs of the Tiber would lie in Romagna. The Tiber was critically important to Roman trade and commerce, as ships could reach as far as upriver; there is evidence that it was used to ship grain from the Val Teverina as long ago as the 5th century BC. It was later used to ship stone, timber and foodstuffs to Rome. During the Punic Wars of the 3rd century BC, the harbour at Ostia became a key naval base. It later became Rome's

Rome
twins who were suckled by a she-wolf. They decided to build a city, but after an argument, Romulus killed his brother and the city took his name. According to the Roman annalists, this happened on 21 April 753 BC. This legend had to be reconciled with a dual tradition, set earlier in time, that had the Trojan refugee Aeneas escape to Italy and found the line of Romans through his son Iulus, the namesake of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This was accomplished by the Roman poet Virgil in the first century BC. After the legendary foundation by Romulus, Rome was ruled

"Ancient Rome"
was about who was going to rule or give his name to the city. Romulus became the source of the city's name. In order to attract people to the city, Rome became a sanctuary for the indigent, exiled, and unwanted. This caused a problem, in that Rome came to have a large male population but was bereft of women. Romulus visited neighboring towns and tribes and attempted to secure marriage rights, but as Rome was so full of undesirables he was refused. Legend says that the Latins invited the Sabines to a festival and stole their unmarried maidens, leading to

Tiber
""Aquae Tibilitanae"". Yet another etymology is from *dubri-, water, considered by Alessio as Sicel, whence the form Θύβρις later Tiberis. This root *dubri- is widespread in Western Europe e.g. Dover, Portus Dubris. According to the legend, Jupiter made him a god and guardian spirit of the river (also called Volturnus, ""rolling water""). This gave rise to the standard Roman depiction of the river as a powerfully built reclining god, also named Tiberinus, with streams of water flowing from his hair and beard. The Tiber was also believed to be the river into which Romulus and Remus (the former founded Rome)

Tiber
had been Anglican, the reverse of which is referred to as ""swimming the Thames"" or ""crossing the Thames"". In ancient Rome, executed criminals were thrown into the Tiber. People executed at the Gemonian stairs were thrown in the Tiber during the later part of the reign of the emperor Tiberius. This practice continued over the centuries. For example, the corpse of Pope Formosus was thrown into the Tiber after the infamous Cadaver Synod held in 897. In addition to the numerous modern bridges over the Tiber in Rome, there remain a few ancient bridges (now mostly pedestrian-only) that have survived

Tiber
Tiber The Tiber (; ; ) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino. It drains a basin estimated at . The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome, founded on its eastern banks. The river rises at Mount Fumaiolo in central Italy and flows in a generally southerly direction past Perugia and Rome to meet the sea at Ostia. Popularly called """" (""the blond""),

Rome
and, for many historians, the beginning of the Middle Ages. The decline of the city's population was caused by the loss of grain shipments from North Africa, from 440 on, and the unwillingness of the senatorial class to maintain donations to support a population that was too large for the resources available. Even so, strenuous efforts were made to maintain the monumental centre, the palatine, and the largest baths, which continued to function until the Gothic siege of 537. The large baths of Constantine on the Quirinale were even repaired in 443; and the extent of the damage exaggerated and

"Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. This was the territory's eighth appearance in the Winter Olympics. For the third consecutive Olympics, Bermuda was represented by one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy, who finished his only event in 104th place. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games, and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one, the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in

Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. For the third straight Winter Olympics, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy was Bermuda's only representative. The delegation also consisted of Murphy's coach, Pepa Miloucheva, his waxer Jeff Shaw, the chef de mission Lawrence Murphy, and Sean Field-Lament, who represented the Bermuda Olympic Association's executive board. Tucker Murphy was chosen as the flag bearer for both the parade of nations during the opening ceremony and for the closing ceremony. Bermuda qualified one male athlete, Tucker Murphy. Murphy, who was

36 years old at the time, was making his third straight appearance at the Winter Olympics. He finished the men's 15 km freestyle in a time of 43 minutes and 5 seconds, which was good for 104th place; he was more than nine minutes behind the gold medallist, Dario Cologna of Switzerland. Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. This was the territory's eighth appearance in the Winter Olympics. For the third consecutive Olympics, Bermuda was represented by one athlete, cross-country skier

"Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics"
Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7–23 February 2014. This was Bermuda's seventh appearance at a Winter Olympic Games, and cross-country skier Tucker Murphy's second consecutive Games as the only athlete. In the 15 kilometre race, he finished in 84th place. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, and debuted in the Winter Olympic Games at the 1992 Albertville Games. They have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one; they were one of 54 nations who boycotted

"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics"
Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster size with London 2012. Two of them returned for their third Olympic

based on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of May 15, 2016. Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster

"Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics"
Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. from 12–28 February 2010. The territory sent one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy. This was the country's first appearance in a skiing discipline. Murphy finished 88th in the 15 kilometre freestyle event, the only one he was entered into. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games; and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts, excluding the boycotted 1980 Summer

Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Cross-country skier Tucker Murphy was the only athlete representing Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics, and the first time Bermuda had a representative in the skiing disciplines. Murphy was only the third Winter Olympian ever sent from Bermuda. Murphy was chosen as the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. Tucker Murphy was born on 21 October 1981, making him 28 years old at the time of the Vancouver Olympics. He

the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The Bermudian delegation consisted of one cross-country skier, Tucker Murphy. This was Murphy's second consecutive Olympics as Bermuda's only representative. Despite the terrorist threats on the Sochi Olympics, there were no plans to withdraw unless Murphy felt unsafe, and the delegation ultimately competed as scheduled. The delegation marched in the opening ceremony with their traditional Bermuda shorts. Murphy was selected as the flag bearer for the opening ceremony, while a ceremony volunteer

"Blueberry Hill (song)"
on the R&B Best Sellers chart. The version by Fats Domino was also ranked number 82 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Blueberry Hill (song) ""Blueberry Hill"" is a popular song published in 1940 best remembered for its 1950s rock n' roll version by Fats Domino. The music was written by Vincent Rose, the lyrics by Larry Stock and Al Lewis. It was recorded six times in 1940. Victor Records released the recording by the Sammy Kaye Orchestra with vocals by Tommy Ryan on May 31, 1940. Gene Krupa's version was issued on

by: The Glenn Miller Orchestra on Bluebird Records (10768), Kay Kyser, Russ Morgan, Gene Autry (also in the 1941 film ""The Singing Hill"", Connee Boswell, and Jimmy Dorsey. The largest 1940 hit was by The Glenn Miller Orchestra, where it reached number one. Louis Armstrong's 1949 recording charted in the Billboard Top 40, reaching number 29. It was an international hit in 1956 for Fats Domino and has become a rock and roll standard. It reached number two for three weeks on the Billboard Top 40 charts, becoming his biggest pop hit, and spent eight non-consecutive weeks at number one

Blueberry Hill (song) ""Blueberry Hill"" is a popular song published in 1940 best remembered for its 1950s rock n' roll version by Fats Domino. The music was written by Vincent Rose, the lyrics by Larry Stock and Al Lewis. It was recorded six times in 1940. Victor Records released the recording by the Sammy Kaye Orchestra with vocals by Tommy Ryan on May 31, 1940. Gene Krupa's version was issued on OKeh Records on June 3 and singer Mary Small recorded a vocal version on the same label with Nat Brandwynne's orchestra, released June 20, 1940. Other 1940 recordings were

"Spancil Hill"
the late singer/songwriter Robbie McMahon, who died in 2012 at the age of eighty-six, is widely regarded as the definitive version of ""Spancil Hill"". The best known version of the song is that sung by the Dubliners and Christy Moore, which is highly abbreviated and makes a number of changes to the lyrics – for example renaming the protagonist ""Johnny"" instead of ""Mike"", and describing his love as daughter of a farmer instead of the local ranger. The below version is the one sung by Robert McMahon which is considered to be closest to Michael Considine's original poem. ""Spancil Hill""

"Gamble Rogers"
of Fame and the NSA Lifetime Achievement Award (2001). Gamble Rogers James Gamble Rogers IV (January 31, 1937 – October 10, 1991) was a folk artist musician and storyteller known for the recurring theme in his songs and stories about characters and places in a fictional Florida county. He died a heroic death and was honored by his native state. He was a 1998 inductee into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame. Born in Winter Park, Florida, Rogers was the namesake of two prominent architects in the family – his father James Gamble Rogers II and great-uncle James Gamble Rogers.

"Lily the Pink (song)"
drinking) song on which ""Lily the Pink"" was based is generally known as ""Lydia Pinkham"" or ""The Ballad of Lydia Pinkham"". It has the Roud number 8368. The song was inspired by Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, a well-known herbal-alcoholic patent medicine for women. Supposed to relieve menstrual and menopausal pains, the compound was mass-marketed in the United States from 1876 onwards. The song was certainly in existence by the time of the First World War. F. W. Harvey records it being sung in officers' prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, and ascribes it to Canadian prisoners. According to Harvey, the words

"Blackberry winter"
It became a back-door million-seller as the B-side of Mitch Miller's recording of The Yellow Rose of Texas, a #1 hit in the U.S. in 1955. It is also the name of a well-reviewed (if not major) classical/symphonic work by composer Conni Ellisor, and a well-reviewed ballet based on this composition. It is also the name of a song by Alec Wilder and Loonis McGlohon. ""Blackberry Winter"" is also the name of a 2006 film directed by Brent Stewart about a cannibal clown in the Antebellum South. Blackberry winter Blackberry winter is a colloquial expression used in south and midwest

Huckleberry
that one is just the right person for a given job. The range of slang meanings of huckleberry in the 19th century was broad, also referring to significant persons or nice persons. In his biography, Johnny Mercer states that he wrote the line ""my huckleberry friend,"" for the lyrics of the song ""Moon River,"" referencing one of his childhood friends who used to pick huckleberries with him by a river. Huckleberry Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in the family Ericaceae, in two closely related genera: ""Vaccinium"" and ""Gaylussacia"". The huckleberry is the state fruit

"The Green Hills of Earth"
Clementine""; ""Semper Paratus""; ""The Marine Corps Hymn""; ""The Yellow Rose of Texas""; ""I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing""; ""Ghost Riders in the Sky""; ""Acres of Clams"", and the theme song from the TV show ""Gilligan's Island"". The story features several other partial songs and a number of titles attributed to Rhysling. These are: Several are described as sexually explicit songs excluded from the official edition of Rhysling's works. Four collections of Rhysling's works are mentioned. They are: Both the song ""The Green Hills of Earth"" and the character of Rhysling are mentioned in the novel ""Time Enough for

"Sourwood Mountain"
Sourwood Mountain ""Sourwood Mountain"" is a traditional American folk song. Like many folk songs, there are numerous lyrical versions extant; however, there are certain commonalities. The song's theme is a lament over the narrator's true love, from whom he is separated. The title comes from the opening line, which is invariably ""Chicken's (a) crowing on Sourwood Mountain"". Each verse of the song consists of a rhyming couplet interspersed with a nonsense refrain, for example: ""Sourwood Mountain"" is most closely associated with the music of Appalachia; however, there are versions native to New England as well. The Grateful Dead uses part

"Cinque Terre"
Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre (; , meaning ""Five Lands"") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea. Part

and maintenance of the terrace walls posed a long-term threat to the site, which was for this reason included in the 2000 and 2002 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. The organization secured grants from American Express to support a study of the conservation of Cinque Terre. Following the study, a site management plan was created. Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre (; , meaning ""Five Lands"") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises

"Italian Riviera"
west, through what is now French territory as far as Marseille.) The Riviera's centre is Genoa, which divides it into two main sections: the Riviera di Ponente (“the coast of the setting sun”), extending westwards from Genoa to the French border; and the Riviera di Levante (“the coast of the rising sun”) between Genoa and Capo Corvo. It is famous for its particularly mild climate and relaxed way of life which, together with the charm of its old fishing ports and the beauty of its landscape, has made it a popular destination for travellers and tourists since the time of

"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre"
Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre National Park is a protected area inducted as Italy's first national park in 1999. Located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy, it is the smallest national park in Italy at 4,300 acres, but also the densest with 5,000 permanent inhabitants among the five towns. In addition to the territory of the towns of Cinque Terre (Riomaggiore, Manarola, Corniglia, Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare), the Cinque Terre National Park encompasses parts of the communes of Levanto (Punta Mesco) and La Spezia (Campiglia Sunsets). Cinque Terre was included as a UNESCO

trains from La Spezia to Genoa and the rest of the region's network connect the villages of Cinque Terre. Intercity trains also connect them to Milan, Rome, Turin and Tuscany. The Cinque Terre tracks run most of the distance in tunnels between Riomaggiore and Monterosso. The Cinque Terre trains connect the La Spezia train station to all five towns. Unlimited day passes are available for tourists, and the trip from one village to another is five minutes or less. A passenger ferry runs between the five villages, except Corniglia. The ferry enters Cinque Terre from Genoa's Old Harbour and La

of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside. The Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination. The villages of Cinque Terre were severely affected by torrential rains which caused floods and mudslides on October 25, 2011. Nine people were confirmed killed by the floods, and damage to the villages, particularly Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare, was extensive. The first historical documents on Cinque Terre date back to the 11th century. Monterosso and Vernazza sprang up first, while the other villages grew

Italian Riviera The Italian Riviera, or Ligurian Riviera (; ) is the narrow coastal strip which lies between the Ligurian Sea and the mountain chain formed by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines. Longitudinally it extends from the border with France and the French Riviera (or ""Côte d'Azur"") near Ventimiglia (a former customs post) to Capo Corvo (also known as Punta Bianca) which marks the eastern end of the Gulf of La Spezia and is close to the border with Tuscany. The Italian Riviera thus includes nearly all of the coastline of Liguria. (Historically the ""Riviera"" extended further to the

for Eugenio Montale but for many others as: In 2013 Cinque Terre was one of the shooting locations of the movie The Wolf of Wall Street by Martin Scorsese. Given its location on the Mediterranean, seafood is plentiful in the local cuisine. Anchovies of Monterosso are a local specialty designated with a Protected Designation of Origin status from the European Union. The mountainsides of the Cinque Terre are heavily terraced and are used to cultivate grapes and olives. This area, and the region of Liguria, as a whole, is known for pesto, a sauce made from basil leaves, garlic, salt,

Forlini-Capellini, Walter de Batté, Buranco, Arrigoni. In addition to wines, other popular local drinks include grappa, a brandy made with the pomace left from winemaking, . In 1998, the Italian Ministry for the Environment set up the Protected natural marine area Cinque Terre to protect the natural environment and to promote socio-economic development compatible with the natural landscape of the area. Today, millions of visitors visit it every year. In 1999 the Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre was created to conserve the ecological balance, protect the landscape, and safeguard the anthropological values of the location. Nevertheless, dwindling interest in cultivation

farming and vineyards while at sea maintaining a strong fishing culture. The beauty of Cinque Terre lies not in a pristine environment void of man, but rather the interplay of the two. Known for its natural environment and coastal hiking trails, Cinque Terre is a tourist destination that draws people from all over the world, the numbers rising to 3.5- 5 million in the month of August alone. While there is great concern for the environmental effects of such numbers of visitors, tourism is essential, having long replaced farming and fishing as the area's chief economy. Recognizing the value of

"The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams"
appeared more than once. The Baltimore Orioles took 6 places on the list, the most of any team, followed by the Ft. Worth Panthers and Toronto Maple Leafs (5), Newark Bears and San Francisco Seals (4); Kansas City Blues, Los Angeles Angels, and St. Paul Saints (3); and Charlotte Hornets, Columbus Senators/Red Birds, Houston Buffaloes, Indianapolis Indians, Memphis Chicks, and Milwaukee Brewers (2). Thirty leagues are represented on the list. The league with the most entrants is the International League with 17. The other top leagues are the American Association (13); Pacific Coast League (10); Eastern League and Texas League

"3,000 hit club"
could bat from either side of the plate. Ten of these players have played for only one major league team. Six players—Hank Aaron, Willie Mays, Eddie Murray, Rafael Palmeiro, Albert Pujols and Alex Rodriguez—are also members of the 500 home run club. At .367, Cobb holds the highest career batting average among club members, while Cal Ripken Jr. holds the lowest at .276. Rodriguez, Derek Jeter, and Wade Boggs are the only players to hit a home run for their 3,000th hit and Paul Molitor and Ichiro Suzuki are the only players to hit a triple for their 3,000th; all

Baseball
Bonds established the current record of 73 home runs in a single season. There had long been suspicions that the dramatic increase in power hitting was fueled in large part by the abuse of illegal steroids (as well as by the dilution of pitching talent due to expansion), but the issue only began attracting significant media attention in 2002 and there was no penalty for the use of performance-enhancing drugs before 2004. In 2007, Bonds became MLB's all-time home run leader, surpassing Hank Aaron, as total major league and minor league attendance both reached all-time highs. Widely known as America's

"Major League Baseball"
it was enough for a starter to pitch 6–7 innings and turn the game over to the team's closer, a position which grew in importance over these decades. As stolen bases increased, home run totals dropped. After Willie Mays hit 52 home runs in 1965, only one player (George Foster) reached that mark until the 1990s. Routinely in the late 1990s and early 2000s, baseball players hit 40 or 50 home runs in a season, a feat that was considered rare even in the 1980s. It has since become apparent that at least some of this power surge was a

"On-base plus slugging"
exact) approximation to say that a player with an OPS+ of 150 produces 50% more ""runs"", in a given set of plate appearances, as a player with an OPS+ of 100 (though see clarification above, under ""History""). Through the end of the 2017 season, the career top twenty leaders in OPS+ (minimum 3,000 plate appearances) were: 1. Babe Ruth, 206 <br> 2. Ted Williams, 190 <br> 3. Barry Bonds, 182 <br> 4. Lou Gehrig, 179 <br> 5. Rogers Hornsby, 175 <br> 6. Mike Trout, 174 <br> 7. Mickey Mantle, 172 <br> 8. Dan Brouthers, 171 <br> 9. Joe Jackson, 170

"300 win club"
300 win club In Major League Baseball, the 300 win club is the group of pitchers who have won 300 or more games. Twenty-four pitchers have reached this milestone. The New York Gothams/Giants/San Francisco Giants are the only franchise to see three players reach the milestone while on their roster: those players are Mickey Welch, Christy Mathewson, and Randy Johnson. Early in the history of professional baseball, many of the rules favored the pitcher over the batter; the distance pitchers threw to home plate was shorter than today, and pitchers were able to use foreign substances to alter the direction

"3,000 strikeout club"
of the 3,000 strikeout club, fourteen have been elected to the Hall. The two who have appeared on a Hall of Fame ballot but have not yet been elected, Roger Clemens and Curt Schilling, both made their first appearances on the ballot for the elections. Each received only about half of the total votes needed for induction, with Schilling earning slightly more votes than Clemens. Clemens' future election is seen as uncertain because of his alleged links to use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). The current and near-future eligibility of many players linked to PED use, combined with voting restrictions in

"500 home run club"
the highest batting average among the club members while Harmon Killebrew (.256) holds the lowest. Of these 27 players, 14 were right-handed batters, 11 were left-handed, and 2 were switch hitters. The San Francisco Giants and Boston Red Sox are the only franchises to see four players reach the milestone while on their roster: for the Giants, Mel Ott while the team was in New York, Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and most recently Bonds, and, for the Red Sox, Jimmie Foxx, Williams, and more recently Manny Ramirez and David Ortiz. Six 500 home run club members—Aaron, Mays, Eddie Murray, Rafael

(8); California League, Western Association, and Western League (4). Thirty-one teams competed at the Double-A classification level, the most of any class, followed by Class A (24); Class C (12); Class B (11); Triple-A (10); Class D (7); Class A1 and independent (2); and Class A-Advanced (1). Twenty-seven teams competed in the 1920s, the most of any decade, followed by the 1940s (16); 1930s (13); 1900s and 1950s (10); 1910s and 1980s (6); 1970s (5); 1990s (4); and 1960s (3). The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams In 2001, during the centennial celebration of the National Association of

"Batting average (baseball)"
.500, and the experiment was abandoned the following season. The Major League Baseball batting averages championships (often referred to as ""the batting title"") is awarded annually to the player in each league who has the highest batting average. Ty Cobb holds the MLB (and American League) record for most batting titles, officially winning 11 in his pro career. The National League record of 8 batting titles is shared by Honus Wagner and Tony Gwynn. Most of Cobb's career and all of Wagner's career took place in what is known as the Dead-Ball Era, which was characterized by higher batting averages

"Win Zaw Oo"
to surgically remove the tumour which caused his drastic height of . He had to travel to Singapore due to the inferior healthcare system in Burma. The media became largely interested in him after learning of his predicament. Win Zaw Oo Win Zaw Oo (born 1977) is the tallest person in Burma, reaching in height. He is also known as Big Zaw. Win Zaw Oo's growth has resulted from an uncommon medical condition known as acromegaly. Win Zaw Oo was born and raised in a rural village in Magway, central Burma. His family comprises working-class peasants. In his teens, his

"Demographics of China"
for the first time, according to statistics released by China's National Bureau of Statistics in January 2013, the number of people theoretically able to enter the Chinese labor force (individuals aged 15 to 59), shrank slightly to 937.27 million people, a decrease of 3.45 million from 2011. This trend, resulting from China's demographic transition, is anticipated to continue for at least the next 20 years, to 2030. The CIA World Fact Book estimates the 2012 actual active labor force to amount to 798.5 million. As of 2012, the average Chinese man was 167.1 centimeters tall (5 ft 5.8 in) in

"Donnie Yen"
Film Award winners such as ""Ip Man"", ""Ip Man 2"", and ""Bodyguards and Assassins"". In his prime, Donnie stood at 5 feet 8 inches and weighed 165 pounds. Donnie Yen is known to be a very well-built and muscular actor. Within the Hong Kong cinematic industry, Yen is renowned for his physical fitness, strength, and speed achieved through his use of a strict and disciplined fitness regimen to build up strength and fitness. However, despite his muscular build, Yen has gained tremendous attention for his dedication to his roles and for the lengths to which he goes to achieve the

Win Zaw Oo Win Zaw Oo (born 1977) is the tallest person in Burma, reaching in height. He is also known as Big Zaw. Win Zaw Oo's growth has resulted from an uncommon medical condition known as acromegaly. Win Zaw Oo was born and raised in a rural village in Magway, central Burma. His family comprises working-class peasants. In his teens, his towering height became noticed following a growth spurt. He soon found it difficult to move about given his size and height and his stamina and mobility took a toll. In August 2013, Win Zaw Oo announced his decision

"Lin Yü-chih"
ft 2.58 in) tall. He is the founder of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Association. Others have also claimed the 'Shortest Man' title. He Pingping, from China, measured 73 cm (2 ft 4.74 in) high and in 2007 was crowned as the world's shortest man who could walk. In 2006, Guinness World Records disallowed an application from a then fourteen-year-old Nepalese boy, Khagendra Thapa Magar, who has since turned 18 and taken the title of 'World's Shortest Man'. Lin Yü-chih Lin Yü-chih (林煜智; pinyin: Lín Yùzhì; b. ca. 1972) is the former shortest man in the world according to Guinness World Records.

"Human height"
Human height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system. A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height. Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases. Studies show that there is a correlation between small stature and a

longer life expectancy. Individuals of small stature are also more likely to have lower blood pressure and are less likely to acquire cancer. The University of Hawaii has found that the “longevity gene” FOXO3 that reduces the effects of aging is more commonly found in individuals of a small body size.<ref> Human height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial

Lin Yü-chih Lin Yü-chih (林煜智; pinyin: Lín Yùzhì; b. ca. 1972) is the former shortest man in the world according to Guinness World Records. He resides in Taipei, Taiwan, where he works as an author and social activist. His name has sometimes been misspelled as Lin Yih-chih. In May 2008 he appeared in the British Channel 4 documentary called ""The World's Smallest Man and Me"" hosted by Mark Dolan. Lin suffers from osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic bone disorder that hinders normal growth of bone and bodily height. According to the Guinness Book of World Records he is 67.5 cm (2

"Bao Xishun"
Bao Xishun Xishun Bao (also known as Xi Shun; born 2 November 1951) is a herdsman from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China, recognized by ""Guinness World Records"" as one of the world's tallest living men. He was formerly certified as the tallest living man by the Guinness World Records. However, on September 17, 2009, Sultan Kösen overtook Bao Xishun as the tallest living man. Xishun Bao claims to have been of normal height until he was sixteen years old. He served in the People's Liberation Army for three years. He later returned to Inner Mongolia to live with his mother and

"Shih Tzu"
This is purely a choice made by the owners. A Shih Tzu should stand no more than 26.7 cm (10½ in.) at the withers and with an ideal weight of 4.5 to 7.3 kg (10 to 16 lbs). Drop ears are covered with long fur, and the heavily furred tail is carried curled over the back. The coat may be of any color, though white and with blazes of grey are frequently seen. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall, and bigger dogs ideally should carry themselves ""with distinctly arrogant carriage"". A very noticeable feature is the underbite, which

"U.S. Route 1"
U.S. Route 1 U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. It runs , from Key West, Florida north to Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canada–US border, making it the longest north–south road in the United States. US 1 is generally paralleled by I-95, though the former is significantly farther west (inland) between Jacksonville, Florida, and Petersburg, Virginia. The highway connects most of the major cities of the East Coast—including Miami, Jacksonville, Richmond, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston and Portland, passing from the Southeastern United

"U.S. Route 1 in New York"
U.S. Route 1 in New York U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Key West, Florida, to the Canada–United States border at Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of New York, US 1 extends from the George Washington Bridge in Manhattan to the Connecticut state line at Port Chester. It closely parallels Interstate 95 (I-95) for much of its course, and does not serve as a major trunk route within the state. It does not overlap with any other roads besides I-95 and (briefly) US 9, and few other state

number, is not an auxiliary route, but rather considered a primary U.S. Route in its own right as major highway west of the former US 99 on the west coast of the United States. U.S. Route 1 U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. It runs , from Key West, Florida north to Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canada–US border, making it the longest north–south road in the United States. US 1 is generally paralleled by I-95, though the former is significantly farther west (inland) between Jacksonville,

some of the most populated areas of the east coast. Through Virginia, US 1 is paralleled by Interstates: the remainder of Interstate 85 to Petersburg, Interstate 95 through Richmond and Fredericksburg to Alexandria, and Interstate 395 into Arlington. Within Virginia, US 1 is called Jefferson Davis Highway by state law, although most of the Fairfax County portion, except Lorton, is better known as the Richmond Highway. US 1 crosses the Potomac River with I-395 on the 14th Street Bridges, and splits to follow mainly 14th Street and Rhode Island Avenue through the District of Columbia. US 1 is at the

"U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania"
U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway, extending from the Florida Keys in the south to the Canadian border in the north. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, US 1 runs for from the Maryland state line near Oxford to the New Jersey state line near Trenton, through the southeastern portion of the state. The route runs southwest to northeast, and serves as a major arterial road for many of the suburbs in the Delaware Valley area. South of Philadelphia, the road mostly follows the alignment of the old Baltimore Pike.

New Brunswick (Canada) side of the bridge to Route 120, a secondary east–west route from Edmundston, New Brunswick west to Quebec Route 289 toward Saint-Alexandre, Quebec. The direct predecessor to US 1 was the Atlantic Highway, an auto trail established in 1911 as the Quebec-Miami International Highway. In 1915 it was renamed the Atlantic Highway, and the northern terminus was changed to Calais, Maine. Due to the overlapping of auto trail designations, portions of the route had other names that remain in common use, such as the Boston Post Road between Boston and New York, the Lincoln Highway between New

"U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey"
U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route, of it runs through New Jersey. It enters the state from Pennsylvania on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in the state capital of Trenton, running through the city on the Trenton Freeway. From here, US 1 continues northeast as a surface divided highway through suburban areas

at College Park campus in College Park, Maryland. The route bypasses downtown Baltimore on North Avenue and exits the city to the northeast on Belair Road, gradually leaving the I-95 corridor, which passes through Wilmington, Delaware, for a straighter path towards Philadelphia. Around and beyond Bel Air, US 1 is a two-lane road, crossing the Susquehanna River over the top of the Conowingo Dam before entering Pennsylvania. (Routed further north, U.S. 1 bypasses the state of Delaware, unlike I-95.) The two-lane US 1 becomes a four-lane expressway, officially known as the John H. Ware III Memorial Highway, just after crossing

"U.S. Route 1 in Virginia"
U.S. Route 1 in Virginia U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 1 runs north–south through South Hill, Petersburg, Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Alexandria on its way from North Carolina to the 14th Street Bridge into the District of Columbia. It is completely paralleled by Interstate Highways in Virginia – Interstate 85 south of Petersburg, Interstate 95 north to Alexandria, and Interstate 395 into the District – and now serves mainly local traffic. At its north end, on the approach to

"U.S. Route 1 in Maryland"
U.S. Route 1 in Maryland U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is the easternmost and longest of the major north–south routes of the older 1920s era United States Numbered Highway System, running from Key West, Florida to Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of Maryland, an segment of the route runs through central Maryland between Mount Rainier and Rising Sun. US 1 is paralleled by several major highways as it passes through Maryland, including Interstate 95, the Baltimore–Washington Parkway, U.S. Route 29, and U.S. Route 301. Thus, US 1 has lost its significance as a long distance route through the

"Islamia College University"
Islamia College University Islamia College, Peshawar () is a Public Sector University located in midst of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Pakistan, and its historical roots are traced from the culminating point of the Aligarh Movement. The university provides higher learning in arts, languages, humanities, social sciences and modern sciences. In 1950, the University of Peshawar was founded as an offshoot of Islamia College Peshawar, with the later being associated to the university as

"Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum"
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was a distinguished educationist and politician. He is best known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but he eventually turned into a great educationist and respected politician. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was born into a well-known religious family of Topi. His paternal family traces its lineage back to the

"Talim-ul-Islam College"
Talim-ul-Islam College Talim-ul-Islam College (also referred to as T.I. College) is a government college located in Chenab Nagar, Pakistan. Founded in 1898 in Qadian, India by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the college was the inspiration of the community's founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Originally starting out as a middle school, the institution traces its roots to two rooms in a guest house located in Qadian. It was established to provide an Ahmadiyya-based curriculum in a town that had a small number of schools where most teachers taught with a bias against Islam. Inaugurated on 1 January 1898 as ""Madrassa Talim-ul-Islam"", the

The students told him that they needed a hostel. Nawab Sahib informed them that rather than building them a hostel at Aligarh, he would build them a college at Peshawar. Consequently, on April 12, 1911, Nawab Sahib arranged a meeting of like minded people in Peshawar at the residence of Abdul Karim, contractor at Peshawar city, which was attended by Arbab Ghulam Haider Khan Khalil of Tehkal, Habibullah Khan, Khushal Khan, Sethi Karim Bakhsh, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan and others. Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum moved the motion for collection of contributions, which was instantly responded

"University of Peshawar"
for its research in social, medical, and natural sciences having eight research centers located inside the campus. Spread over an area of as a residential campus, the university is the first public university to be established in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In its inaugural year, it had an enrollment of 129, of whom one was a female. The university was founded as an expansion of the Islamia College. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who had visited the college in 1928 had great admiration for it, referring to it as ‘my college’ and adopted it as one of the three heirs to

officials. The ""Eastern Times"" reported ""... He was incomparably the greatest man that the Province had ever produced."" In dedication to his services, there are numerous monuments named after him, including Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was a distinguished educationist and politician. He is best known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but

"Jamia Ashrafia"
Jamia Ashrafia Jamia Ashrafia (جامعہ اشرفیہ, Ashrafia Islamic University), Lahore, Pakistan, is a religious educational institution founded by Mufti Muhammad Hasan in 1947. The university has produced scholars of the Deobandi school and Deobandi scholars have served the university as teachers. The school was founded on 14 September 1947, a month after the Partition of India which created Pakistan. Muhammad Hasan Amritsari named the university for Deobandi scholar Ashraf Ali Thanwi, in recognition of his support for the creation of an independent homeland for British India's Muslims. It was founded in a quadrangular three-storied building in Nila Gumbad Anarkali at

"Jamia Millia Islamia"
Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Millia Islamia is a public central university in Delhi. It was established during British rule in 1920. It became a Central University by an act of the Indian Parliament in 1988.Sir Sarwar Jung of Delhi designed the University. The institution today holds the torch of illumination giving shape to ideas and fostering innovation. Living up to the promises of the founding fathers, it strives to realize its vision “to create a human universe that offers inclusiveness, equity, fellowship, justice and peace for one and all”. It continues to serve the nation through quality teaching and research

"Islamia College (Lahore)"
Islamia College (Lahore) Islamia College () is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Peshawar affiliated with the University of Punjab. They were nationalised by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime in 1972. The college is run by the Ministry of Education (Higher Wing), Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1892 by the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, the oldest of the three colleges was one of the focal points for the Pakistan Movement. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, visited this college to address and confer with its students. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as ""Habibians"" named after

the name of the college's oldest and central building. The Islamia College on Cooper Road, Lahore, Pakistan is an all-women college and was also established by Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam in 1939. The 'Islamia College, Civil Lines' in Lahore in Pakistan was founded in 1947 on the premises of the famous DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) College which then shifted to Ambala, Haryana, India after partition. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as ""Faranians"". It is near where the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh killed the British SSP J.P. Saunders. The first principal of 'Islamia College, Railway Road' was Syed Mohammed Ali

"Dome of the Rock"
aluminum-bronze plates covered with gold leaf. A few hours after the Israeli flag was hoisted over the Dome of the Rock in 1967 during the Six-Day War, Israelis lowered it on the orders of Moshe Dayan and invested the Muslim ""waqf"" (religious trust) with the authority to manage the Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif, in order to ""keep the peace"". In 1993, the golden dome covering was refurbished following a donation of USD 8.2 million by King Hussein of Jordan who sold one of his houses in London to fund the 80 kilograms of gold required. The Dome of the

Dome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock ( ""Qubbat al-Sakhrah"", ""Kippat ha-Sela"") is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The original dome collapsed in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture. Its architecture and mosaics were

"King Solomon's Dome"
King Solomon's Dome King Solomon's Dome, also called King Solomon Dome, is a peak in the Yukon-Mackenzie Divide region of the Yukon Territory, Canada. It is southeast of Dawson City, Yukon, and is believed to be the source of the gold fields that sparked the Klondike Gold Rush at the turn of the 20th century. The mountain's name comes from King Solomon, an ancient king of Israel who was famed for his riches. During the gold rush, the mountain was the site of large-scale gold mining and excavation. After the largest sources of gold ore were exhausted, small family-owned operations

world and the first human, Adam. It is also believed to be the site where Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son, and as the place where God's divine presence is manifested more than in any other place, towards which Jews turn during prayer. The site's great significance for Muslims derives from traditions connecting it to the creation of the world and the belief that the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey to heaven started from the rock at the center of the structure. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it has been called ""Jerusalem's most recognizable landmark,"" along with two nearby Old City

structures, the Western Wall, and the ""Resurrection Rotunda"" in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Dome of the Rock is situated in the center of the Temple Mount, the site of the Temple of Solomon and the Jewish Second Temple, which had been greatly expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE. Herod's Temple was destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans, and after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135, a Roman temple to ""Jupiter Capitolinus"" was built at the site. Jerusalem was ruled by the Christian Byzantine Empire throughout the 4th to 6th centuries. During this

"Templum Domini"
Templum Domini The Templum Domini (Vulgate translation of Hebrew: ""Temple of the Lord"") was the name attributed by the Crusaders to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It became an important symbol of Jerusalem, depicted on coins minted under the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock was erected in the late 7th century under the 5th Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan at the site of the former Jewish Second Temple (or possibly added to an existing building Byzantine building dating the reign of Heraclius, 610–641). After the capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade (1099),

"Temple Mount"
houses an ablution fountain (known as ""al-Kas""), originally supplied with water via a long narrow aqueduct leading from the so-called ""Solomon's Pools"" pools near Bethlehem, but now supplied from Jerusalem's water mains. There are several cisterns beneath the lower platform, designed to collect rain water as a water supply. These have various forms and structures, seemingly built in different periods, ranging from vaulted chambers built in the gap between the bedrock and the platform, to chambers cut into the bedrock itself. Of these, the most notable are (numbering traditionally follows Wilson's scheme): The retaining walls of the platform contain several

extended the Mount's natural plateau by enclosing the area with four massive retaining walls and filling the voids. This artificial expansion resulted in a large flat expanse which today forms the eastern section of the Old City of Jerusalem. The trapezium shaped platform measures 488 m along the west, 470 m along the east, 315 m along the north and 280 m along the south, giving a total area of approximately . The northern wall of the Mount, together with the northern section of the western wall, is hidden behind residential buildings. The southern section of the western flank is

patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces, although its outside appearance has been significantly changed in the Ottoman period and again in the modern period, notably with the addition of the gold-plated roof, in 1959–61 and again in 1993. The octagonal plan of the structure may have been influenced by the Byzantine Church of the Seat of Mary (also known as ""Kathisma"" in Greek and ""al-Qadismu"" in Arabic) built between 451 and 458 on the road between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The Foundation Stone the temple was built over bears great significance in Judaism as the place where God created the

Rock has been depicted on the Obverse and reverse of several Middle East currencies: The Dome is maintained by the Ministry of Awqaf in Amman, Jordan. Until the mid-twentieth century, non-Muslims were not permitted in the area. Since 1967, non-Muslims have been permitted limited access; however non-Muslims are not permitted to pray on the Temple Mount, bring prayer books, or wear religious apparel. The Israeli police help enforce this. Israel restricted access for a short time during 2012 of Palestinian residents of the West Bank to the Temple Mount. West Bank Palestinian men had to be over 35 to be

"Netherlands in World War II"
to protect the key cities of Dordrecht, Utrecht, Haarlem and Amsterdam, and creating a ""Vesting Holland"" (or ""Fortress Holland""). In late 1939, with war already declared between the British Empire, France and Nazi Germany, the German government issued a guarantee of neutrality to the Netherlands. The government gradually mobilized the Dutch military from August 1939, reaching its full strength by April 1940. Despite its policy of neutrality, the Netherlands was invaded on the morning of 10 May 1940, without a formal declaration of war, by German forces moving simultaneously into Belgium and Luxembourg. The attackers meant to draw Allied forces

were subjected to forced labour; 48 out of 552 survived the camps. The Dutch resistance attacked Rauter's car on March 6, 1945, unaware of the identity of its occupant, which in turn led to the killings at Woeste Hoeve, where 116 men were rounded up and executed at the site of the ambush and another 147 Gestapo prisoners executed elsewhere. Several days before the surrender, Queen Wilhelmina, her family, and the Dutch government left the country for the United Kingdom. Shortly after the German victory, the Dutch government, led by Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer, was invited by the

Netherlands in World War II Despite being neutral, the Netherlands in World War II was invaded by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940, under orders of Adolf Hitler. On 14 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family saved themselves by going to London. Princess Juliana and her children moved on to Canada for additional safety. The Netherlands was placed under German occupation, which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945. Active resistance was carried out by a minority, which grew in the course

later wars, such as the Korean War). In 2017, the Dutch Red Cross offered its “deep apologies” for its failure to act to protect Jews, Sinti and Roma, and political prisoners during the war, following the publication of a study that it had commissioned from the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Netherlands in World War II Despite being neutral, the Netherlands in World War II was invaded by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940, under orders of Adolf Hitler. On 14 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government

Germans to return to the country and form a pro-German puppet government, as the Vichy government had agreed to do in France. De Geer wanted to accept this invitation but the Queen did not and dismissed De Geer in favour of Pieter Gerbrandy. On 8 December 1941, the Netherlands declared war on the Japanese Empire. On 10 January 1942 the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Dutch naval ships joined forces with the Allies to form the American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Fleet, commanded by Dutch rear admiral Karel Doorman. On February 27–28, 1942, admiral Doorman was ordered to take the

by the Dutch during the campaign, many around The Hague, had been shipped to Britain and remained POWs for the rest of the war. Queen Wilhelmina and the Dutch government succeeded in escaping from the Netherlands before the surrender; they formed a government-in-exile. Princess Juliana and her children went to Canada for safety. Initially, the Netherlands was placed under German military control. However, following the refusal of the Dutch government to return, the Netherlands was placed under control by a German civilian governor on 29 May 1940, unlike France or Denmark which had their own governments, and Belgium, which was

"Military history of the Netherlands during World War II"
Military history of the Netherlands during World War II The Netherlands entered World War II on May 10, 1940, when invading German forces quickly overran them. On December 7, 1941, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Netherlands government in exile also declared war on Japan. Operation Market Garden, which started in 1944, liberated the southern and eastern parts of the country, but full liberation did not come until the surrender of Germany on May 5, 1945. When World War II erupted in September 1939, most in the Netherlands believed that the country could remain neutral, as it had in

the strategic oil-fields from the now cut-off Japanese forces. At that time the Japanese had already begun independence negotiations with Indonesian nationalists such as Sukarno, and Indonesian forces had taken control of sizable portions of Sumatra and Java. Following the Japanese surrender on 15 August 1945, Indonesian nationalists led by Sukarno declared their country's independence and a four year armed and diplomatic struggle between the Netherlands and Indonesian republicans began. Dutch civilians, who suffered greatly during their internment, finally returned home to a land that had suffered greatly as well. After the Allied landing in Normandy in June 1944, the

rapidly. Although gasoline pumps were already sealed in 1940, the occupation seemed tolerable. This rosy picture ended with Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 and the subsequent German defeats at Moscow and Stalingrad. Germany was now fighting a mighty enemy in the East, and in order to defeat it, occupied territory had to make its contribution. Economic extraction increased, production was limited mostly to sectors relevant for the war effort as it was simply impossible to produce guns and butter. Repression increased, especially against the Jewish population. After the Allied invastion of June 1944, due to the railroad strike and the

and identify Jews, aiding in their capture. But, uniquely among all German occupied areas, the city of Amsterdam organized an industrial action to protest the persecution of its Jewish citizens. World War II occurred in four distinct phases in the European Netherlands: Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944. The rest, especially the west and north of the country still under occupation, suffered from a famine at the end of 1944, known as the ""Hunger Winter"". On 5 May 1945, the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all

Stoicism
wherever it goes"". A Stoic of virtue, by contrast, would amend his will to suit the world and remain, in the words of Epictetus, ""sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in disgrace and happy,"" thus positing a ""completely autonomous"" individual will, and at the same time a universe that is ""a rigidly deterministic single whole"". This viewpoint was later described as ""Classical Pantheism"" (and was adopted by Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza). Stoicism became the foremost popular philosophy among the educated elite in the Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire,

"Eternal return"
Eternal return Eternal return (also known as eternal recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. The theory is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the theory fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of Friedrich Nietzsche, who connected the thought to many of his other concepts, including ""amor

Stoicism
Stoicism Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC. While Stoic physics are largely drawn from the teachings of the philosopher Heraclitus, they are heavily influenced by certain teachings of Socrates. Stoicism is predominantly a philosophy of personal ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world. According to its teachings, as social beings, the path to happiness for humans is found in accepting the moment as it presents itself, by not allowing oneself to be controlled by the desire for pleasure or

Neo-Kantianism
ethics and aesthetics. Neo-Kantianism In late modern Continental philosophy, Neo-Kantianism () was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. More specifically, it was influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer's critique of the Kantian philosophy in his work ""The World as Will and Representation"" (1818), as well as by other post-Kantian philosophers such as Jakob Friedrich Fries and Johann Friedrich Herbart. The ""back to Kant"" movement began in the 1860s, as a reaction to the German materialist controversy in the 1850s. In addition to the work of Hermann von Helmholtz and Eduard Zeller, early fruits of the movement were Kuno Fischer's

"Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche"
the idea of the Eternal Recurrence in the works of Heinrich Heine, who speculated that one day a person would be born with the same thought-processes as himself, and that the same applied to every other individual. Nietzsche expanded on this thought to form his theory, which he put forth in ""The Gay Science"" and developed in ""Thus Spoke Zarathustra"". Schopenhauer directly influenced this theory. Schopenhauer postulated that a person who unconditionally affirms life would do so even if everything that has happened were to happen again repeatedly. Nietzsche's view on eternal return is similar to that of Hume: ""the

Selfism
influenced by Taoism. Cyrenaics, founded by Aristippus of Cyrene, were skeptics and materialists (but perhaps nominally Greek pagans). Thomas Hobbes, who could also be viewed as ""selfist"", was a materialist but also advocated loyalty to a strong government and state church. Joseph Butler, whose philosophy is unmistakably selfist, was generally regarded as an orthodox Christian and was canonized an Anglican saint. The views of Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner provide a more proximate link to the modern selfists. Selfism Selfism refers to any philosophy, theory, doctrine, or tendency that upholds explicitly selfish principles as being desirable. It is usually used

Neoplatonism
the afterlife corresponding with the level at which it lived during its earthly life. The neoplatonists believed in the principle of reincarnation. Although the most pure and holy souls would dwell in the highest regions, the impure soul would undergo a purification, before descending again, to be reincarnated into a new body, perhaps into animal form. Plotinus believed that a soul may be reincarnated into another human or even a different sort of animal. However, Porphyry maintained, instead, that human souls were only reincarnated into other humans. A soul which has returned to the One achieves union with the cosmic

Neostoicism
good. The human who complies with this rule is free, because he is not overcome by the instincts. He is also calm, because all the material pleasures and sufferings are irrelevant for him. Finally, he is really, spiritually happy, because he lives close to God. Neostoicism had a direct influence on many seventeenth and eighteenth-century writers including Montesquieu, Bossuet, Francis Bacon, Joseph Hall, Francisco de Quevedo and Juan de Vera y Figueroa. The work of Guillaume du Vair, ""Traité de la Constance"" (1594), was another important influence in the Neostoicism movement, but while Lipsius based his Stoicism on the writings

Neo-Kantianism In late modern Continental philosophy, Neo-Kantianism () was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. More specifically, it was influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer's critique of the Kantian philosophy in his work ""The World as Will and Representation"" (1818), as well as by other post-Kantian philosophers such as Jakob Friedrich Fries and Johann Friedrich Herbart. The ""back to Kant"" movement began in the 1860s, as a reaction to the German materialist controversy in the 1850s. In addition to the work of Hermann von Helmholtz and Eduard Zeller, early fruits of the movement were Kuno Fischer's works on Kant

Inductivism
Inductivism Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking. In the Baconian model, one observes nature, proposes a modest law to generalize an observed pattern, confirms it by many observations, ventures a modestly broader law, and confirms that, too, by many more observations, while discarding disconfirmed laws. The laws grow ever broader but never much exceed careful, extensive observation. Thus, freed from preconceptions, scientists gradually uncover nature's causal and material structure. In 1740, David Hume found multiple obstacles in the use of experience to infer causality. Hume

"Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire"
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish soldiers under conquistador Francisco Pizarro, his brothers, and their native allies captured the Sapa Inca Atahualpa in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the Viceroyalty of Peru. The conquest of the Inca Empire (called ""Tahuantinsuyu"" or ""Tawantinsuyu""

Greedy for gold, Alvarado had set sail for the south without the crown's authorization, landed on the Ecuadorian coast, and marched inland to the Sierra. Finding Quito empty of its treasures, Alvarado soon joined the combined Spanish force. Alvarado agreed to sell his fleet of twelve ships, his forces, plus arms and ammunition, and returned to Guatemala. After Atahualpa's execution, Pizarro installed Atahualpa's brother, Túpac Huallpa, as a puppet Inca ruler, but he soon died unexpectedly, leaving Manco Inca Yupanqui in power. He began his rule as an ally of the Spanish and was respected in the southern regions of

He was buried with Christian rites in the church of San Francisco at Cajamarca, but was soon disinterred. His body was taken, probably at his prior request, to its final resting place in Quito. Upon de Soto's return, he was furious; he had found no evidence of any secret gathering of Atahualpa's warriors. Pizarro advanced with his army of 500 Spaniards toward Cuzco, accompanied by Chalcuchimac. The latter was burned alive in the Jauja Valley, accused of secret communication with Quizquiz, and organizing resistance. Manco Inca Yupanqui joined Pizarro after the death of Túpac Huallpa. Pizarro's force entered the heart

"Francisco Pizarro"
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González (; ; – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain. Francisco Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Spain (then in the Crown of Castile) in modern-day Extremadura, Spain. He was the illegitimate son of infantry colonel Gonzalo Pizarro (1446–1522) and Francisca González, a woman of poor means. His date of birth is uncertain, but it is believed to be sometime in the 1470s, probably 1474. Little attention was paid to his education and

of the Tawantinsuyu on 15 November 1533. Benalcázar, Pizarro's lieutenant and fellow Extremaduran, had already departed from San Miguel with 140-foot soldiers and a few horses on his conquering mission to Ecuador. At the foot of Mount Chimborazo, near the modern city of Riobamba (Ecuador) he met and defeated the forces of the great Inca warrior Rumiñawi with the aid of Cañari tribesmen who served as guides and allies to the conquering Spaniards. Rumiñahui fell back to Quito, and, while in pursuit of the Inca army, Benalcázar was joined by five hundred men led by Guatemalan Governor Pedro de Alvarado.

from a cave in a region called Pacariqtambo. Huayna Capac was the son of the previous ruler, Túpac Inca, and the grandson of Pachacuti, the Emperor who, by conquest, had commenced the dramatic expansion of the Inca Empire from its cultural and traditional base in the area around Cusco. On his accession to the throne, Huayna Capac had continued the policy of expansion by conquest, taking Inca armies north into what is today Ecuador. While he had to put down a number of rebellions during his reign, by the time of his death, his legitimacy was as unquestioned as was

none had been successful. Thus the Spanish conquest was achieved through relentless force, and deception, aided by factors like smallpox and a great communication and cultural divide. The Spaniards destroyed much of the Incan culture and introduced the Spanish culture to the native population. A struggle for power resulted in a long civil war between Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro in which Almagro was killed. Almagro's loyal followers and his descendants later avenged his death by killing Pizarro in 1541. This was done inside the palace of Francisco Pizarro in a fight to the death by these assassins, most

the empire, but there was still much unrest in the north near Quito where Atahualpa's generals were amassing troops. Atahualpa's death meant that there was no hostage left to deter these northern armies from attacking the invaders. Led by Atahualpa's generals Rumiñahui, Zope-Zupahua and Quisquis, the native armies were finally defeated, effectively ending any organized rebellion in the north of the empire. Archaeological evidence of the rebellion incident exists. The remains of about 70 men, women, and adolescents were found in the path of a planned expressway near Lima in 2007. Forensic evidence suggests that the natives were killed by

with respect, allowed his wives to join him, and the Spanish soldiers taught him the game of chess. Francisco Pizarro sent his brother Hernando to gather gold and silver from the temples in Pachacamac in January 1533, and on his return in March, captured Chalcuchimac in the Jauja Valley. Francisco Pizzaro sent a similar expedition to Cuzco, bringing back many gold plates from the Temple of the Sun. By February 1533, Almagro had joined Pizarro in Cajamarca with an additional 150 men with 50 horses. Pizarro held Atahualpa for a ransom of gold and silver; the treasure began to be

"History of the Incas"
Their first engagement was the battle of Puná, near present-day Guayaquil, Ecuador; Pizarro then founded the city of Piura in July 1532. Hernando de Soto was sent inland to explore the interior, and returned with an invitation to meet the Inca, Atahualpa, who had defeated his brother in the civil war and was resting at Cajamarca with his army of 80,000 troops. Pizarro met with the Inca, who had brought only a small retinue, and through interpreters demanded that he convert to Christianity. A widely disputed legend claims that Atahualpa was handed a Bible and threw it on the floor,

"Pulmonary circulation"
Pulmonary circulation The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. The earliest human discussions of pulmonary circulation date back to Egyptian times.

systemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary arteries (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs. The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation. The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale: an open conduit between the paired atria, or through the ductus arteriosus: a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. When the lungs expand

"Pulmonary artery"
Pulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ""main pulmonary artery."" or ""pulmonary trunk"" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli. In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery. The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately in length and in diameter. The main pulmonary

Human knowledge of pulmonary circulation grew gradually over centuries, and scientists Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, and William Harvey provided some of the first accurate descriptions of this process. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs,

"Pulmonary vein"
Pulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four ""main pulmonary veins"", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the left atrium. An inferior and superior main vein drains each lung, so there are four main veins in total. At the root of the lung, the right superior

where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body through the

drain into the pulmonary circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or drainage), or partial anomalous pulmonary connection, respectively. Pulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four ""main pulmonary veins"", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the

after a period of immobility. A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke. A large pulmonary embolus which becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a ""saddle embolus"". Pulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ""main pulmonary artery."" or ""pulmonary trunk"" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead

this pneuma to the left ventricle of the heart to cool the blood simultaneously arriving there. This mixture of pneuma, blood, and cooling produced the vital spirits which could then be transported throughout the body via arteries. Galen also proposed that the heat of the blood arriving in the heart produced noxious vapors which were expelled through the same pulmonary veins that first brought the pneuma. He wrote that the right ventricle played a different role than the left; it transported blood to the lungs where the impurities were vented out so that clean blood could be distributed throughout the

"Coronary sinus"
Coronary sinus The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior vena cavae. It is present in all mammals, including humans. The name comes from the Latin ""corona"", meaning crown, since this vessel forms a partial circle around the heart. The coronary sinus drains into the right atrium, at the coronary sinus orifice, an opening between the inferior vena cava and the right atrioventricular orifice or tricuspid valve. It returns blood from

"Christmas traditions"
late in the evening on Christmas Eve around 10 or 11 p.m. The meal often includes farofa stuffing, assortments of fruit, fried cod, and roast turkey with a dessert called ""rabanada"". Along with their meals, Brazilians typically drink champagne, wine, and fruit punch. Typically after they eat, many Brazilians attend a Midnight Mass service or watch the Pope's television broadcast celebration of ""Midnight Mass in Rome"" with family and friends. Christmas is a public holiday in Colombia and is primarily a religious celebration. Presents are brought by ""El Niño Jesus / Niño Dios"" (Baby Jesus). While Christmas decorations may be

dress up in an ornamental hat, called a ""Puritina"", and dance in a line. As with much of the country's culture, the celebration includes Spanish and Mayan elements. Christmas Day on December 25 is a national holiday in Brazil. But because Brazil lies in the Southern Hemisphere, Brazilians celebrate Christmas in the summer. In the small cities in the entire country, as well as in the largest cities, like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Salvador, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Brasília, Manaus, Belém, Natal and Belo Horizonte, the celebrations resemble in many ways the traditions in Europe and North America,

dinners, opening of gifts and the celebration of the ""Missa do Galo"" (the rooster's mass) in churches throughout the nation. Many Brazilians decorate their homes with a Christmas Tree, there is no rule, the parents can decorate it by themselves as a surprise to the kids, or they can do it together. In addition to the Christmas tree, many families set up a Nativity scene as the main decoration. Nativity scenes are very popular in Brazil, and can be seen everywhere including churches and popular places around the town. Like many other countries, Christmas dinner in Brazil is normally served

"Christmas in Mexico"
sings the response from inside, and the ritual ends with everyone inside. The other variation has the procession go to three houses singing, two of which ""reject"" the party until the third house accepts. The piñata started as a medium by which the Evangelists used to teach Christian beliefs to the natives. With the traditional star-shaped piñata still being broken by children during the Posadas. Like the procession, the Mexican piñata has symbolic and didactic meaning. The vessel represents Satan who has all the goods of the world, decorated to attract people. There are most traditionally seven points to represent

and young adults display bigger fireworks or Roman Candles. Families also have parties in which they dance and eat. Santa Claus is known for appearing in TV and print ads, but people ask children if they already wrote a letter to little baby Jesus. Traditional Salvadoran Christmas dishes are sauteed turkey sandwiches in a baguette with lettuce and radishes, Salvadoran Tamales, and sweet bread for dessert. Drinks include hot chocolate, pineapple juice, Salvadoran horchata, Cherry Salvadoran horchata, and coffee. At 12:00 a.m. on December 25 everyone gathers around the Christmas tree and opens their presents. On Christmas in Guatemala, people

who have emigrated to other countries, still travel to their home towns and villages to spend Christmas Eve with their families. After the ""Missa do galo"" (Rooster's Mass) that celebrates the birth of Christ, families gather around the ""Consoada"", the late supper held on Christmas Eve. The traditional dish is ""bacalhau com todos"" (dried codfish boiled with vegetables), although, in northern Portugal, the bacalhau is often replaced by octopus. The Christmas dinner usually ends with ""fatias douradas"" (golden slices), ""filhoses"" and ""sonhos"" (dreams), all desserts based on fried flour or fried bread. Another traditional cake is the king cake served

"Dia dos Namorados"
find a good husband or boyfriend. In addition to prayer on the Eve, one might conceal a love letter in a pot of basil to pass to a prospective suitor. The February 14 Valentine's Day is not celebrated in Brazil at all because it usually falls close to the Brazilian Carnival, which is celebrated in most other countries annually during the four days before Ash Wednesday, which falls between February 4 and March 10 depending on the year. In other Portuguese speaking countries, mainly in Africa, Valentine's Day is referred to as ""Dia dos Namorados"" and celebrated the same day

as items such as Christmas trees, ornaments / electric light and even reindeer figures. Starting in December, many homes, businesses and other buildings are decorated with poinsettias, which are called ""noche buena"" (from the Spanish phrase that means ""good night"" referring to Christmas Eve) . Mexico is the origin of the poinsettia. In the pre-Hispanic period, they were called cuetlaxochitl, and a favorite in the mid winter when they were a symbol of the new life that they believed that fallen warriors received, returning as hummingbirds and butterflies to drink the nectar. A modern Mexican legend says that the poinsettia

many families place the figure of baby Jesus in their ""nacimientos"" (Nativity scenes), as the symbolic representation of Christmas as a whole. In the center and south of Mexico, children receive gifts on Christmas Eve and on January 6, they celebrate the Feast of the Epiphany, when, according to tradition, the Three Wise Men (3 Wizard Kings) brought gifts to Bethlehem for Jesus Christ. Santa Claus (or Santa Clos, as he's known in Mexico) is who brings the children their gifts, but traditionally the Three Wise Men will fill the children's shoes with candies, oranges, tangerines, nuts, and sugar cane,

by the crowing of a rooster. The celebration became popular among the newly converted indigenous as it included elements from the old celebrations for the god Huitzilopochtli such as fireworks, torches, sparklers and plays along with food and dancing. Following the Mass, there is a traditional midnight feast. Traditional dishes include bacalao, reconstituted dried cod cooked with onions, tomato sauce, olives and more. Another is revoltijo de romerita, which is green in a mole or pepita sauce, with potatoes and often dried shrimp. The most luxurious item on the menu used to be suckling pig but this has mostly been

"Bald eagle"
Bald eagle The bald eagle (""Haliaeetus leucocephalus"", from Greek ἅλς, ""hals"" ""sea"", αἰετός ""aietos"" ""eagle"", λευκός, ""leukos"" ""white"", κεφαλή, ""kephalē"" ""head"") is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (""Haliaeetus albicilla""). Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting. The bald eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which it swoops

its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. ""Bald"" in the English name is derived from the word ""piebald"", and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body. The genus name is New Latin: ""Haliaeetus"" (from the ), and the specific name, ""leucocephalus"", is Latinized () and (). The bald eagle was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th century work ""Systema Naturae"", under the name ""Falco leucocephalus"". There are two recognized subspecies of bald eagle: The bald eagle forms a species

of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, for whom the Society was named; his reference to the two kinds of birds is interpreted as a satirical comparison between the Society of the Cincinnati and Cincinnatus. Bald eagle The bald eagle (""Haliaeetus leucocephalus"", from Greek ἅλς, ""hals"" ""sea"", αἰετός ""aietos"" ""eagle"", λευκός, ""leukos"" ""white"", κεφαλή, ""kephalē"" ""head"") is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (""Haliaeetus albicilla""). Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is

pair with the white-tailed eagle of Eurasia. This species pair consists of a white-headed and a tan-headed species of roughly equal size; the white-tailed eagle also has overall somewhat paler brown body plumage. The two species fill the same ecological niche in their respective ranges. The pair diverged from other sea eagles at the beginning of the Early Miocene (c. 10 Ma BP) at the latest, but possibly as early as the Early/Middle Oligocene, 28 Ma BP, if the most ancient fossil record is correctly assigned to this genus. The bald eagle's natural range covers most of North America, including

the mature bird is its black, yellow-tipped beak; the mature eagle has a fully yellow beak. The bald eagle has sometimes been considered the largest true raptor (accipitrid) in North America. The only larger species of raptor-like bird is the California condor (""Gymnogyps californianus""), a New World vulture which today is not generally considered a taxonomic ally of true accipitrids. However, the golden eagle, averaging and in wing chord length in its American race (""A. c. canadensis""), is merely lighter in mean body mass and exceeds the bald eagle in mean wing chord length by around . Additionally, the bald

eagle's close cousins, the relatively longer-winged but shorter-tailed white-tailed eagle and the overall larger Steller's sea eagle (""H. pelagicus""), may, rarely, wander to coastal Alaska from Asia. The bald eagle has a body length of . Typical wingspan is between and mass is normally between . Females are about 25% larger than males, averaging as much as , and against the males' average weight of . The size of the bird varies by location and generally corresponds with Bergmann's rule, since the species increases in size further away from the Equator and the tropics. For example, eagles from South Carolina

most of Canada, all of the continental United States, and northern Mexico. It is the only sea eagle endemic to North America. Occupying varied habitats from the bayous of Louisiana to the Sonoran Desert and the eastern deciduous forests of Quebec and New England, northern birds are migratory, while southern birds are resident, remaining on their breeding territory all year. At minimum population, in the 1950s, it was largely restricted to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, northern and eastern Canada, and Florida. During the interval 1966-2015 bald eagle numbers increased substantially throughout its winter and breeding ranges, and as of 2018

Accipitriformes
Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey – including hawks, eagles, and vultures, but not falcons – about 217 species in all. For a long time, the majority view was to include them with the falcons in the Falconiformes, but many authorities now recognize a separate Accipitriformes. A DNA study published in 2008 indicated that falcons are not closely related to the Accipitriformes, being instead more closely related to parrots and passerines. Since then, the split and the placement of the falcons next to the parrots in taxonomic order has

Eagle
most often found ""displayed"", i.e. with their wings and legs extended. They can also occur ""close"", i.e. with their wings folded, or ""rising"", i.e. about to take flight. The heads, wings, and legs of eagles can also be found independently. Eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, not all of which are closely related. Most of the 60 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just 14 species can be found—2 in North America, 9 in Central and South America,

out of branches, usually in large trees found near water. When breeding where there are no trees, the bald eagle will nest on the ground, as has been recorded largely in areas largely isolated from terrestrial predators, such as Amchitka Island in Alaska. In Sonora, Mexico, eagles have been observed nesting on top of Hecho catcuses (""Pachycereus pectinaboriginum""). Nests located on cliffs and rock pinnacles have been reported historically in California, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah, but currently are only verified to occur only in Alaska and Arizona. The eggs average about long, ranging from , and have a

when was the last time the los angeles lakers won a championship

"Los Angeles Lakers"
for the first time since 2005, for just the second time in the last two decades and for just the sixth time in franchise history. On April 30, 2014, Mike D'Antoni resigned from his position as head coach after a 27–55 season. After spending the majority of the off-season without a head coach, the Lakers named former player Byron Scott as the new head coach. After the season, he was the frontrunner to become the new Lakers head coach. Scott interviewed three times for the position, which had become vacant after Mike D'Antoni's resignation. On July 28, 2014, he signed

Cooper and Norm Nixon in the 1970s, A. C. Green and Vlade Divac in the 1980s, Elden Campbell, Nick Van Exel, Derek Fisher, and Devean George in the 1990s, and Luke Walton, Sasha Vujačić, and Ronny Turiaf in the 2000s. There have been 22 head coaches for the Lakers franchise. John Kundla coached the team in Minneapolis when they won their first five BAA/NBA championships, from 1949 to 1954. Pat Riley is second in franchise history in both regular season and playoff games coached and wins. Phil Jackson broke Riley's regular season wins record in 2009, and he passed Riley's

2009 and 2010. From 1999 to 2004 the clubs' rivalry was often considered the premier rivalry in the NBA, and each time the clubs faced each other in the playoffs the winner advanced to the NBA Finals. In 2008 the teams met again in the Western Conference Finals where the Spurs were handily defeated only to beat LA when they met again in 2013 (though against a Lakers team without an injured Kobe Bryant). Berger and Chalfen purchased the NBL's disbanded Detroit Gems for $15,000 in 1947, changed their name to the Lakers and relocated them to Minnesota. Max Winter

five games before the Lakers selected Mike D'Antoni as their new head coach. D'Antoni resigned at the end of the 2013–2014 season. In July 2014, Byron Scott was hired as head coach. After the 2015–2016 season ended, Scott was fired. On April 29, 2016, former Lakers player Luke Walton was named as Scott's replacement. The Lakers have 30 Hall of Famers (23 players, 4 head coaches, 1 assistant coach, and 2 contributors) who contributed to the organization. The Lakers have retired eleven jersey numbers and an honorary microphone in honor of their players and broadcaster: In addition, several other players

until the Warriors' playoff run was over. The Lakers earned the second overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft, and selected Brandon Ingram from Duke University. On February 21, 2017, the Lakers fired general manager Mitch Kupchak, while Magic Johnson was named as the president of basketball operations. The team's governor Jeanie Buss, also announced the removal of her brother, Jim Buss, from his position as executive vice president of basketball operations. On March 7, 2017, the Lakers hired Rob Pelinka as the general manager, signing him to a five-year deal. The Lakers again earned the second overall pick, this

to a 5–5 record. On November 12, 2012, the Lakers hired Mike D'Antoni as head coach. On February 18, 2013, Lakers owner Jerry Buss died from cancer at age 80. On the court, D'Antoni coached the Lakers to a 40–32 record the rest of the way to finish 45–37, their worst record since 2007. The Lakers clinched a playoff berth on the final game of the season and finished seventh in the Western Conference after beating the Houston Rockets on April 16, 2013. The Lakers battled injuries all season, the most prominent of which is the Achilles tendon rupture to

named Finals MVP for the second year in a row, despite a 6–24 shooting performance in game seven. After much speculation, head coach Phil Jackson returned for the 2010–11 season. In the playoffs, the Lakers defeated the New Orleans Hornets in the first round. But their opportunity for a three-peat was denied by the Dallas Mavericks in a four-game sweep of the second round. After the season, it was announced that Jackson will not be returning to coach the Lakers. After Jackson's retirement, former Cleveland Cavaliers head coach Mike Brown was hired as head coach on May 25, 2011. Before

(1967–1999), the Lakers played their home games at The Forum in Inglewood, California, located approximately 10 miles southwest of the team's current home at Staples Center. During the 1999 NBA preseason, the Lakers played their home games at the Forum before officially moving into Staples Center, and once again hosted a preseason game versus the Golden State Warriors on October 9, 2009, this time to commemorate the team's 50th anniversary season in Los Angeles. In the first seven years in Los Angeles, the team played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena, south of Downtown Los Angeles.

at 0.816 (1971–72). They also hold records for having (into the 2009–10 season) the most wins (3,027), the highest winning percentage (61.9%), and the most NBA Finals appearances (31). The 2000–01 team set the NBA record for best playoff record at 15–1, which was later broken by the Golden State Warriors in 2017. The 1971–72 team holds franchise records in wins (69), most points scored, and largest margin of victory; both of the latter came in the team's 63 point win versus Golden State (162–99). They also used to hold the record for most wins at home in the regular

team won five championships in a nine-year span, and contained Hall of Famers Johnson, Abdul-Jabbar, and James Worthy, and was led by Hall of Fame coach Pat Riley. After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson retired, the team struggled in the early 1990s, before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996. With the duo, who were led by another Hall of Fame coach in Phil Jackson, the team won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002, securing the franchise its second ""three-peat"". The Lakers won two more championships in 2009 and 2010, but failed to regain their former glory in the following

what is the collection of the districts to the east of the jordan river

"Governorates of Jordan"
Governorates of Jordan Jordan is divided into twelve governorates (""muhafazah""), by the administrative divisions system of the Ministry of Interior. In 1994, four new governorates were created: Jerash, Ajloun, Madaba and Aqaba. Jerash Governorate and Ajloun Governorate were split from Irbid Governorate, Madaba Governorate was split from Amman Governorate and Aqaba Governorate was split from Ma'an Governorate. Governorates are further subdivided into districts (""liwa"") and often into sub-districts (""qda""). Geographically, the governorates of Jordan are located in one of three regions: the North Region, Central Region and the South Region. The three geographical regions are not distributed by area or

populations but rather by geographical connectivity and distance among the population centres. The South Region is separated from the Central Region by the Mountains of Moab in Karak Governorate. The population centres of the Central and North Region are separated geographically by the mountains of Jerash Governorate. Socially, the population centres of Amman, Salt, Zarqa and Madaba form together one large metropolitan area in which business interactions in these cities are under the influence of Amman while the cities of Jerash, Ajloun, and Mafraq are mostly under the influence of the city of Irbid. Governorates of Jordan Jordan is divided

"Zahran district"
Zahran district Zahran is the 8th district in the Amman Governorate out of the 27 districts, named after Zahran Palace which stands amidst Zahran street. It consists of 5 neighborhoods of which most parts are residential, however, some parts of the district contain Amman's best hotels, hospitals and towers. The district is also home to several governmental buildings, embassies, cultural centers and schools. Zahran district stretches from 1st circle to between 5th and 6th circles, and from North Abdoun to South Abdoun. Zahran consists of 5 neighborhoods; North Abdoun, South Abdoun, East Umm Uthaina, Jabal Amman and Al-Radwan. Is a

"Greater Israel"
brook of Egypt to the Euphrates"", comprising all of modern-day Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq, as well as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Oman, Yemen, most of Turkey, and land east of the Nile river. The other definitions are found in , , , and . They describe smaller territories (see the map included in this article). The definition in Numbers and Ezekiel refers to the land that was divided between the original twelve tribes of Israel after they were delivered from Egypt, and finally, the borders defined in the book of Deuteronomy are those that will

"Tel Aviv District"
Tel Aviv District The Tel Aviv District (; ) is the smallest and most densely populated of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1.35 million residents. It is 99.0% Jewish and 1.0% Arab (0.7% Muslim, 0.3% Christian). The district's capital is Tel Aviv, the second largest city in Israel and the country's economic and technological capital. The metropolitan area created by the Tel Aviv district and its neighboring cities is locally named Gush Dan. It is the only one of the six districts not to border either the Israeli region of Judea and Samaria, or an international

"Geography of Jordan"
Geography of Jordan Jordan is situated geographically in Southwest Asia, south of Syria, west of Iraq, northwest of Saudi Arabia and east of Israel and the West Bank; politically, the area has also been referred to in the West as the Middle or Near East. The territory of Jordan now covers about . Between 1950 and the Six-Day War in 1967, although not widely recognized, Jordan claimed and administered an additional encompassing the West Bank; in 1988 and with continuing Israeli occupation, King Hussein relinquished Jordan's claim to the West Bank in favor of the Palestinians. Jordan is landlocked except

of the two rivers, the Yarmouk forms the boundary between Israel on the northwest, Syria on the northeast, and Jordan on the south. The Zarqa River, the second main tributary of the Jordan River, flows and empties entirely within the East Bank. A 380-kilometer-long rift valley runs from the Yarmouk River in the north to Al Aqaba in the south. The northern part, from the Yarmouk River to the Dead Sea, is commonly known as the Jordan Valley. It is divided into eastern and western parts by the Jordan River. Bordered by a steep escarpment on both the eastern and

"Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem"
although the border was moved to the current Israel-Egypt border in 1906, and the area north of the Negev Desert is labelled ""Filastin"" (Palestine). The division was bounded on the west by the Mediterranean, on the east by the River Jordan and the Dead Sea, on the north by a line from the mouth of the river Auja to the bridge over the Jordan near Jericho, and on the south by a line from midway between Gaza and Arish to Aqaba. Administrative divisions of the Mutasarrifate (1872-1909): The Mutasarrıfs of Jerusalem were appointed by the Porte to govern the district.

"Jerusalem District"
Jerusalem District The Jerusalem District (; ) is one of six administrative districts of Israel. The district capital is Jerusalem. The Jerusalem District has a land area of 652 km². The population of 1,083,300 is 66.6% Jewish and 31.8% Arab. A fifth (21%) of the Arabs in Israel live in the Jerusalem District, which includes both East and West Jerusalem. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem has not been recognized by the international community. The majority of Arabs in the Jerusalem District are Palestinians, eligible for citizenship under Israeli law, but non-citizens by collective choice. The minority are Israeli Arabs living

"West Bank"
administrative divisions of the Oslo Accords: Area A, 2.7%, full civil control of the Palestinian Authority, comprises Palestinian towns, and some rural areas away from Israeli settlements in the north (between Jenin, Nablus, Tubas, and Tulkarm), the south (around Hebron), and one in the center south of Salfit. Area B, 25.2%, adds other populated rural areas, many closer to the center of the West Bank. Area C contains all the Israeli settlements (excluding settlements in East Jerusalem), roads used to access the settlements, buffer zones (near settlements, roads, strategic areas, and Israel), and almost all of the Jordan Valley and

"Yo Gabba Gabba!"
State, MGMT, Jack Black, Tony Hawk, Elijah Wood, Peter Bjorn and John, Trunk Boiz, The Shins, The Aggrolites, The Flaming Lips, Mýa, Biz Markie, Blitzen Trapper, The Ting Tings, Money Mark, Mariachi El Bronx, ""Weird Al"" Yankovic, Erykah Badu, The Wiggles, and Lil Wayne. Other non-musical celebrity guests to have appeared include Jason Bateman, Andy Samberg, Sarah Silverman, Laila Ali, Bill Hader, and Anthony Bourdain. Among the varied animation sequences during the show was ""Super Martian Robot Girl"", designed by indie cartoonists Evan Dorkin and Sarah Dyer; the title character of that segment was voiced by Ariela Barer. The toy

named DJ Lance Rock, the series featured a mix of live-action segments featuring cartoonish costumed characters—Muno (the red cyclops), Foofa (the pink flower bubble), Brobee (a little hairy green monster), Toodee (the blue cat-dragon) and Plex (the magic yellow robot)—and many short animated sketches and musical numbers. Popular artists who have appeared on the show include Mos Def, Bootsy Collins, Ladytron, The Killers, Enon, The Clientele, Jimmy Eat World, Solange Knowles, Taking Back Sunday, Datarock, The Aquabats, Devo, Anne Heche, Joy Zipper, Of Montreal, Chromeo, My Chemical Romance, Weezer, Hot Hot Heat, The Faint, The Roots, Paul Williams, Mates of

noted for its indie-culture guest stars and bands, and for drawing visual inspiration from 8-bit video games and ""H.R. Pufnstuf"", among other television shows. Created by Christian Jacobs (lead singer of the Aquabats) and Scott Schultz, the show's learning process has parents, older siblings, and younger kids watch the show together rather than letting it act as a babysitter.. The television program has spawned a touring live stage show, various toys and branded clothing. Trademarks relating to ""Yo Gabba Gabba!"" and its characters are held by GabbaCaDabra, LLC. in partnership with The Magic Store and WildBrain. Hosted by a character

"Frank Oz"
Frank Oz Frank Oz (born Frank Richard Oznowicz; May 25, 1944) is an American actor, puppeteer, director and producer. His career began as a puppeteer, where he performed the Muppet characters of Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Animal, and Sam Eagle in ""The Muppet Show"", and Cookie Monster, Bert, and Grover in ""Sesame Street"". He is also known for the role of Yoda in the ""Star Wars"" series, in which he has performed and provided the voice for the character in several films and television series. His work as a director includes ""Little Shop of Horrors"" (1986), ""Dirty Rotten Scoundrels"" (1988),

Yo Gabba Gabba! Yo Gabba Gabba! was an American live action/puppet educational children's television show starring five costumed toys come to life and their friend DJ Lance Rock. The series premiered on Nick Jr. August 20, 2007 and ended on November 12, 2015. There is a single topic in each episode, e.g. ""Adventure"", ""Friends"", and ""Dance"", through songs and short storylines in the half-hour program. Additionally, the show teaches children life and social skills, such as sharing and trying new foods. It also encourages viewers to move along with and dance with the characters in the program. The show is

won two Kidscreen Awards for ""Best Non-Animated or Mixed Series 2013"" and ""Best Music 2013"" ""Official sites"" ""Channels"" ""Others"" Yo Gabba Gabba! Yo Gabba Gabba! was an American live action/puppet educational children's television show starring five costumed toys come to life and their friend DJ Lance Rock. The series premiered on Nick Jr. August 20, 2007 and ended on November 12, 2015. There is a single topic in each episode, e.g. ""Adventure"", ""Friends"", and ""Dance"", through songs and short storylines in the half-hour program. Additionally, the show teaches children life and social skills, such as sharing and trying new foods.

All episodes follow a similar format. In the opening scene, DJ Lance Rock is shown walking on a plain white background while holding a gray radio with colorful buttons. He then gets to a table scenery that involves four different colored lands and a gray cloth underneath it. He then places down the radio, and then he shouts ""YOOOO Gabba Gabba!"" and opens the radio, and inside it are 5 toy figures: Toodee, Muno, Foofa, Plex, and Brobee. He places down the figures one-by-one, and then they become alive. The episode features four main segments (it was shortened to three

models of the characters that appeared at the beginning and end of each show were made by Kidrobot. ""Yo Gabba Gabba!"" was developed by two Southern California fathers, Christian Jacobs and Scott Schultz, who first started working together as teenagers, producing and directing skateboarding videos. Their goal was to design a kids' show that was entertaining while featuring real artists and real performers. Both had no previous experience writing for television, let alone children's broadcasting or education. In developing the show they took inspiration from a number of sources including ""Sesame Street"", ""The Electric Company"", ""Pee-wee's Playhouse"", as well as

Yoda
Frank Oz provided Yoda's voice in each film and used his skills as a puppeteer in the original trilogy and """". For some walking scenes in Episodes V and I, dwarf actors Deep Roy and Warwick Davis appeared in costume as Yoda (though neither was credited). While Frank Oz served as the primary performer, he was assisted by a multitude of other puppeteers, including: Kathryn Mullen (""Ep. V""), Wendy Froud (""Ep. V""), David Barclay (""Ep. V""-""VI""), Mike Quinn (""Ep. VI""), David Greenaway (""Ep. I"" & ""VI""), Don Austen (""Ep. I""), and Kathy Smee (""Ep. I""). For the radio dramatizations of

Gabagool!
as Bob Fingerman, Alex Robinson, Tony Consiglio, Cheese Hasselberger, and Scott Mills). It's the tail-end of the dot com boom, and Christopher Vigliotti is sick of his boring desk job. When he gets home he finds out that his good-for-nothing room-mate Ritch has sold some of his CDs to pay the rent, including one by They Might Be Giants. It is unclear in the story if Chris was a fan of TMBG, but he's mad at Ritch anyway. Following an argument, Chris, Ritch, and their other room-mate Vinnie, decide to become bounty hunters, like Boba Fett, or Robert De Niro

"Academy Award for Best Director"
received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for ""Erin Brockovich"" and ""Traffic"" in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 90 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 64 have also been awarded Best Director. Since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four. William Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. Damien Chazelle became the youngest

director in history to receive this award, at the age of 32 for his work on ""La La Land"". Two directing teams have shared the award; Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for ""West Side Story"" in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for ""No Country for Old Men"" in 2007. The Coen brothers are the only siblings to have won the award. Kathryn Bigelow is the only woman to have won the award, for 2009's ""The Hurt Locker"". As of the 2018 ceremony, Guillermo del Toro is the most recent winner in this category for his work on ""The Shape

"National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director"
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director is an annual award given by National Society of Film Critics to honor the best film director of the year. American director Martin Scorsese and Swedish director Ingmar Bergman won this award a record three times. Scorsese won for ""Taxi Driver"" (1976), ""Raging Bull"" (1980), and ""Goodfellas"" (1990); Bergman won for ""Persona"" (1967), ""Shame (Skammen)"" + ""Hour of the Wolf (Vargtimmen)"" (1968), and ""The Passion of Anna (En passion)"" (1970). Robert Altman, Luis Buñuel, David Cronenberg, Clint Eastwood, Mike Leigh, Terence

Exploration at NASA – accepted Asghar Farhadi's Oscar on his behalf at the ceremony. Congratulations which had initially been tweeted to the Iranian people from the US State Department's official Persian-language Twitter account were deleted following the acceptance speech given by Firouz Naderi in which President Trump's travel ban was described as ""inhumane"". Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway came onstage to present the award for Best Picture, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of ""Bonnie and Clyde"". After opening the envelope, Beatty hesitated to announce the winner, eventually showing it to Dunaway, who glanced at it and declared the favorite

"Golden Globe Award for Best Director"
Golden Globe Award for Best Director The Golden Globe Award for Best Director has been presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, an organization composed of journalists who cover the United States film industry for publications based outside North America, since 1943. Having won all four of his nominations, Elia Kazan has been honored most often in this category. Martin Scorsese, Clint Eastwood, David Lean, Miloš Forman, and Oliver Stone tie for second place with three wins each. Steven Spielberg has had the most nominations (twelve) and has received the award twice. Barbra Streisand is the only woman to

"19th Empire Awards"
finalists that were invited to the Empire Awards where the winner was announced. ""Gravity"" won two awards including Best Film and Best Director for Alfonso Cuarón. Other winners included """" also with two awards and ""12 Years a Slave"", """", ""Blue Jasmine"", ""Filth"", ""Saving Mr. Banks"", ""The Conjuring"", """", ""The Wolf of Wall Street"" and ""The World's End"" with one. Simon Pegg received the Empire Hero Award, Hugh Jackman received the Empire Icon Award, Paul Greengrass received the Empire Inspiration Award, Arnold Schwarzenegger received the special honorary 25th anniversary Action Hero of our Lifetime award and Tom Cruise received the

Malick, Steven Spielberg, and François Truffaut each won the award twice. National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director is an annual award given by National Society of Film Critics to honor the best film director of the year. American director Martin Scorsese and Swedish director Ingmar Bergman won this award a record three times. Scorsese won for ""Taxi Driver"" (1976), ""Raging Bull"" (1980), and ""Goodfellas"" (1990); Bergman won for ""Persona"" (1967), ""Shame (Skammen)"" + ""Hour of the Wolf (Vargtimmen)"" (1968), and ""The Passion of Anna (En passion)"" (1970).

"87th Academy Awards"
nine each. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 22, 2015. For the first time since the expansion of the Best Picture nominee roster at the 82nd ceremony in 2010, every Best Picture nominee won at least one award. ""Birdman"" was the first film to win Best Picture without an editing nomination since ""Ordinary People"" (1980). Alejandro G. Iñárritu became the second consecutive Mexican to win for Best Director after Cuarón who won for helming ""Gravity"". At age 84, Robert Duvall was the oldest male acting nominee in Oscar history. Having won for his work on ""Gravity""

Lizard
copulation involves the male inserting one of his hemipenes into the female's cloaca. The majority of species are oviparous (egg laying). The female deposits the eggs in a protective structure like a nest or crevice or simply on the ground. Depending on the species, clutch size can vary from 4–5 percent of the females body weight to 40–50 percent and clutches range from one or a few large eggs to dozens of small ones. In most lizards, the eggs have leathery shells to allow for the exchange of water, although more arid-living species have calcified shells to retain water. Inside

"Roughback whipray"
invertebrates. Like other stingrays, it is aplacental viviparous with females provisioning their developing embryos with histotroph (""uterine milk""). Males reach sexual maturity at around across. Uncommon and known only from a few locations, the roughback whipray faces intensive fishing pressure and is subject to incidental capture in demersal tangle nets, fish traps, and on hook-and-line. It may be sold as food like other freshwater stingrays in the region, or to the aquarium trade. In addition, its habitat is threatened by extensive deforestation, dam construction, land development, and water pollution. These pressures are known to have caused declines in other freshwater

"Striped whipsnake"
flatlands and mountains. The species ""M. taeniatus"" is diurnal, active during the day, and is very alert and fast moving. It seeks shelter in rock outcrops, small mammal burrows, as well as in trees and shrubs depending on the habitat they occupy. This snake is nonvenomous, but it preys on a wide variety of species including lizards, other snakes (including venomous rattlesnakes), small mammals, young birds, frogs, and insects. Little is known about the reproductive activities of ""M. taeniatus"". After fertilization the female striped whipsnake will lay a clutch of 3-12 eggs, between the months of June and July, usually

"Pink whipray"
pink whipray is aplacental viviparous, with the mother supplying her developing embryos with nutrient-rich histotroph (""uterine milk"") through specialized uterine structures. The newborns measure across. Shark Bay may be a nursery area for this species. Males reach sexual maturity at across, while the maturation size for females is unknown. Known parasites of the pink whipray include the monogeneans ""Heterocotyle capricornensis"", ""Monocotyle helicophallus"", ""M. spiremae"", ""M. youngi"", ""Merizocotyle australensis"", ""Neoentobdella parvitesticulata"", and ""Trimusculotrema heronensis"", the tapeworm ""Prochristianella spinulifera"", and the isopod ""Gnathia grandilaris"". Though not highly dangerous to humans, the pink whipray's venomous sting makes it difficult to handle when it

Cockroach
may be considered a form of breathing. Cockroaches use pheromones to attract mates, and the males practice courtship rituals, such as posturing and stridulation. Like many insects, cockroaches mate facing away from each other with their genitalia in contact, and copulation can be prolonged. A few species are known to be parthenogenetic, reproducing without the need for males. Female cockroaches are sometimes seen carrying egg cases on the end of their abdomens; the German cockroach holds about 30 to 40 long, thin eggs in a case called an ootheca. She drops the capsule prior to hatching, though live births do

Squamata
to mate with includes topping, a behavior exhibited by most viperids, in which one male will twist around the vertically elevated fore body of its opponent and forcing it downward. It is common for neck biting to occur while the snakes are entwined. Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which the growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. ""Agkistrodon contortrix"" (copperhead snake) and ""Agkistrodon piscivorus"" (cotton mouth snake) can reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis. That is, they are capable of switching from a sexual mode of reproduction to an asexual mode. The type of parthenogenesis that likely occurs

Snake
entwined. Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. ""Agkistrodon contortrix"" (copperhead) and ""Agkistrodon piscivorus"" (cotton mouth) can reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis. That is, they are capable of switching from a sexual mode of reproduction to an asexual mode. The type of parthenogenesis that likely occurs is automixis with terminal fusion, a process in which two terminal products from the same meiosis fuse to form a diploid zygote. This process leads to genome wide homozygosity, expression of deleterious recessive alleles and often to developmental abnormalities. Both captive-born and wild-born ""A. contortrix""

Chlamydosaurus
(usually smaller lizards). However, the trees are most importantly used for camouflage. Like many lizards, frill-necked lizards are carnivores, feeding on cicadas, beetles, termites, and mice. They especially favor butterflies, moths and their larvae. Though insects are their primary source of food, they also consume spiders and occasionally other lizards. Like most members of the agamids (dragons), frill-necked lizards employ an ambush method of hunting, lying in wait for their prey. When the lizards eat, they eat in abundance; these binge periods usually occur during the wet season, when they ingest hundreds to thousands of alate (flying) ants or termites.<ref

Lizard
the eggs, the embryos use nutrients from the yolk. Parental care is uncommon and the female usually abandons the eggs after laying them. Brooding and protection of eggs does occur in some species. The female prairie skink uses respiratory water loss to maintain the humidity of the eggs which facilitates embryonic development. In lace monitors, the young hatch close to 300 days and the female returns to help them escape the termite mound were the eggs were laid. Around 20 percent of lizard species reproduce via viviparity (live birth). This is particularly common in Anguimorphs. Viviparous species give birth to

"Short-beaked echidna"
the male is often observed to roll the female onto her side and then assume a similar position himself so the two animals are abdomen to abdomen, having dug a small crater in which to lie. They can lie with heads facing one another, or head to rear. If more than one male is in the vicinity, fighting over the female may occur. Each side of the bilaterally symmetrical, rosette-like, four-headed penis (similar to that of reptiles and in length) is used alternately, with the other half being shut down between ejaculations. Sperm bundles of around 100 each appear to

"Love Will Keep Us Alive"
Love Will Keep Us Alive ""Love Will Keep Us Alive"" is a song written by Jim Capaldi, Paul Carrack, and Peter Vale, and produced by the Eagles, Elliot Scheiner, and Rob Jacobs. It was first performed by the Eagles in 1994, during their ""Hell Freezes Over"" reunion tour, with lead vocals by bassist Timothy B. Schmit. This is the last single to feature Don Felder, who was terminated from the band in 2001 Although the song was never formally released as a single in the US, and thus was not eligible to appear on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 under

Terry Lin also covered this song on his 1999 compilation ""Love Singles"". Love Will Keep Us Alive ""Love Will Keep Us Alive"" is a song written by Jim Capaldi, Paul Carrack, and Peter Vale, and produced by the Eagles, Elliot Scheiner, and Rob Jacobs. It was first performed by the Eagles in 1994, during their ""Hell Freezes Over"" reunion tour, with lead vocals by bassist Timothy B. Schmit. This is the last single to feature Don Felder, who was terminated from the band in 2001 Although the song was never formally released as a single in the US, and thus

2006 compilation album, ""Greatest Hits - The Story So Far"". In 2011, Paul Carrack and Timothy B. Schmit recorded the song in London with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and released it in the UK on the Carrack label. According to the liner notes that accompanied their 2003 greatest hits CD, this song was written when Carrack, Capaldi, and Schmit were planning to form a band with Don Felder and Max Carl during the late eighties or early nineties. The band had the working name of Malibu Men's Choir. This never materialized, so Schmit proposed the song for the Eagles' reunion

album. According to Felder, they sent demo tapes to the Eagles manager, Irving Azoff, who rejected it as not good enough. Felder thought it ironic that the Eagles would later record one of those rejected songs. ""Love Will Keep Us Alive"" was also recorded by Capaldi and Dave Mason on their 40,000 Headman tour and live album, and by Carrack (duet with Lindsay Dracass) on his 2007 album ""Old, New, Borrowed and Blue"". The song was covered by Canadian-Australian singer Wendy Matthews in 1995 as ""Love Will Keep Me Alive"" as a track from the album The Witness Tree (1994).

the rules then in place, it spent three weeks at number one on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart in early 1995 and reached number 22 on ""Billboard""'s Hot 100 Airplay chart. In the United Kingdom, ""Love Will Keep Us Alive"" was issued as a single and peaked at number 52 on the UK Singles Chart. Aside from being on the album ""Hell Freezes Over"", the song appears on the Eagles' box set, ""Selected Works 1972-1999"" and the 2003 compilation album, ""The Very Best Of"". Paul Carrack recorded the song for his 1996 album, ""Blue Views""; it also featured on his

"Love Will Keep Us Together"
Love Will Keep Us Together ""Love Will Keep Us Together"" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield. It was first recorded by Sedaka himself in 1973 and was released as a single in France. American pop duo Captain & Tennille covered the song in 1975, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew and had a worldwide hit with their version. ""Love Will Keep Us Together"" first appeared on Neil Sedaka's 1973 studio album ""The Tra-La Days Are Over"" which did not have a US release. His version of the song made its US

Hot 100. Chicago radio station WLS AM 890 used the two versions to create a Spanglish version of the song for their own broadcasting use. ""Por Amor Viviremos"" would later appear on their May 1976 album ""Por Amor Viviremos"", a Spanish track-for-track rerecording of their album ""Love Will Keep Us Together"". It also appears on the 2002 Hip-O Records compilation album ""Ultimate Collection: The Complete Hits"". Love Will Keep Us Together ""Love Will Keep Us Together"" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield. It was first recorded by Sedaka himself in 1973 and was released as a

"Love Will Keep Us Together (album)"
million-seller, reaching #4 on the Hot 100 and topping the AC chart for two weeks. Both tracks were also top 40 hits in the U.K. although they did not replicate their Stateside success there. Dragon and Tennille first met in 1971 while Dragon was keyboardist for The Beach Boys, whom Tennille would soon join as an additional keyboardist. The album includes three songs written or co-written by (and for) The Beach Boys: ""Cuddle Up"", which was co-written by Dennis Wilson and Daryl Dragon in 1972; ""God Only Knows"", co-written by Brian Wilson and ""Disney Girls"", written by Bruce Johnston. The

"Keep Hope Alive"
Keep Hope Alive ""Keep Hope Alive"" is a single featured on the studio album ""Vegas"" by the electronica group The Crystal Method. The single was released on October 1, 1996 on the City of Angels label, and received 4.5 out of five stars in a review from AllMusic. The single was re-released on July 10, 2001 on the Moonshine Music label. Vocal samples for the song are taken from a 1992 speech by Jesse Jackson titled ""You Do Not Stand Alone."" ""Keep Hope Alive"" is used in an early action sequence, and found on the soundtrack, for the movie ""The

the ""Billboard"" pop chart, staying atop the latter for four weeks starting June 21, 1975. It also hit the top of the 1975 year-end chart. In the US it was the best-selling single of 1975. ""Love Will Keep Us Together"" became a gold record and also won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in February 1976. Dragon and Tennille acknowledged Sedaka's authorship — as well as his mid-1970s comeback — by working the phrase ""Sedaka is back"" into the song's fadeout, where the applause from the studio musicians can be heard. Their version would earn Sedaka and Greenfield

symbolic interactionism is the basis for which theoretical model

"Symbolic interactionism"
interpretations of meaning that affect the interaction between individuals. Individuals act on the premise of a shared understanding of meaning within their social context.Thus, interaction and behavior is framed through the shared meaning that objects and concepts have attached to them. Symbolic interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which developed around the middle of the twentieth century and that continues to be influential in some areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. It is derived from the American philosophy of pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead, as a pragmatic method

Interactionism
Interactionism In sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that derives social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) from human interaction. It is the study of how individuals shape society and are shaped by society through meaning that arises in interactions. Interactionist theory has grown in the latter half of the twentieth century and has become one of the dominant sociological perspectives in the world today. George Herbert Mead, as an advocate of pragmatism and the subjectivity of social reality, is considered a leader in the development of interactionism. Herbert Blumer expanded on Mead's work and coined the term ""symbolic

interpretive process that people use to make sense of and handle the objects that constitute their social worlds. Keeping Blumer's earlier work in mind David A. Snow, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, suggests four broader and even more basic orienting principles: human agency, interactive determination, symbolization, and emergence. Snow uses these four principles as the thematic bases for identifying and discussing contributions to the study of social movements. Human agency emphasizes the active, willful, goal-seeking character of human actors. The emphasis on agency focuses attention on those actions, events, and moments in social life in which

address the premises that each assumption supports. According to Blumer, there are three premises that can be derived from the assumptions above. Premise 1: ""Humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings they ascribe to those things."" The first premise includes everything that a human being may note in their world, including physical objects, actions and concepts. Essentially, individuals behave towards objects and others based on the personal meanings that the individual has already given these items. Blumer was trying to put emphasis on the meaning behind individual behaviors, specifically speaking, psychological and sociological explanations for those actions

the communication field in a variety of work settings, including ""courts of law, health care, computer software design, scientific laboratory, telephone sales, control, repair, and maintenance of advanced manufacturing systems"". Other scholars credited for their contribution to the theory are Thomas, Park, James, Horton Cooley, Znaniecki, Baldwin, Redfield, and Wirth. Unlike other social sciences, symbolic interactionism emphasizes greatly on the ideas of action instead of culture, class and power. According to behaviorism, Darwinism, pragmatism, as well as Max Weber, action theory contributed significantly to the formation of social interactionism as a theoretical perspective in communication studies. Most symbolic interactionists believe

and behaviors. Premise 2: ""The meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with others and the society."" The second premise explains the meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with other humans. Blumer, following Mead, claimed people interact with each other by interpreting or defining each other's actions instead of merely reacting to each other's actions. Their ""response"" is not made directly to the actions of one another but instead is based on the meaning which they attach to such

affect the advancement of self, personality for gatherings verifiably denied of the ability to characterize themselves. Herbert Blumer, a student and interpreter of Mead, coined the term and put forward an influential summary: people act a certain way towards things based on the meaning those things already have, and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation. Blumer was a social constructionist, and was influenced by John Dewey; as such, this theory is very phenomenologically-based. Given that Blumer was the first to use symbolic interaction as a term, he is known as the founder of symbolic interaction.

research uses qualitative research methods, like participant observation, to study aspects of social interaction, and/or individuals' selves. Participant observation allows researchers to access symbols and meanings, as in Howard S. Becker's ""Art Worlds"" and Arlie Hochschild's ""The Managed Heart"". They argue that close contact and immersion in the everyday activities of the participants is necessary for understanding the meaning of actions, defining situations and the process that actors construct the situation through their interaction. Because of this close contact, interactions cannot remain completely liberated of value commitments. In most cases, they make use of their values in choosing what to

Symbolic interactionism Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to people's particular utilization of dialect to make images and normal implications, for deduction and correspondence with others. In other words, it is a frame of reference to better understand how individuals interact with one another to create symbolic worlds, and in return, how these worlds shape individual behaviors. It is a framework that helps understand how society is preserved and created through repeated interactions between individuals. The interpretation process that occurs between interactions help create and recreate meaning. It is the shared understanding and

concepts of synergistic and diverging properties are what shape the viewpoints of humans as social beings. These two concepts are different in a sense because of their views of human freedom and their level of focus. According to Burbank, actions are based on the effects of situations that occur during the process of social interaction. Another important factor in meaningful situations is the environment in which the social interaction occurs. The environment influences interaction, which leads to a reference group and connects with perspective, and then concludes to a definition of the situation. This illustrates the proper steps to define

"Old North Church"
a bust of George Washington, which Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, reportedly remarked was the best likeness of the first president he had ever seen. The Old North Church was built in December 1723, inspired by the works of Christopher Wren, the British architect who was responsible for rebuilding London after the Great Fire. Timothy Cutler was the founding rector after serving as third rector of Yale College from 1719 to 1722. In April 1775, Paul Revere told three Boston patriots to hang two lanterns in the steeple. These men were the church sexton Robert Newman and Captain John

Pulling—the two of whom historian David Hackett Fischer suggests each carried one lantern up to the steeple—as well as Thomas Bernard, who stood watch for British troops outside the church. The lanterns were displayed to send a warning to Charlestown patriots across the Charles River about the movements of the British Army. Revere and William Dawes would later deliver the same message to Lexington themselves, but this lantern method was a fast way to inform the back-up riders in Charlestown about the movements of the British; these back-up riders planned to deliver the warning message to Lexington and Concord in

"Robert Newman (sexton)"
the bicentennial of his signal, in 1975. Robert Newman (sexton) Robert Newman (March 20, 1752 – May 26, 1804) was an American sexton at the Old North Church in Boston, Massachusetts. He is considered a Patriot in the American Revolution for hanging lanterns in his church's steeple on April 18, 1775, part of a warning signal devised by Paul Revere during the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Newman had become sexton of Christ Church, now known as Old North Church, in 1772. He lived with his mother in 1775, and she was renting part of their home to British officers.

Robert Newman (sexton) Robert Newman (March 20, 1752 – May 26, 1804) was an American sexton at the Old North Church in Boston, Massachusetts. He is considered a Patriot in the American Revolution for hanging lanterns in his church's steeple on April 18, 1775, part of a warning signal devised by Paul Revere during the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Newman had become sexton of Christ Church, now known as Old North Church, in 1772. He lived with his mother in 1775, and she was renting part of their home to British officers. After pretending to go to bed on

follow 100 years or 200 years from now may look back at us and say: We were a society which combined reason with liberty and hope with freedom. May it be said above all: We kept the faith, freedom flourished, liberty lived. These are the abiding principles of our past and the greatest promise of our future. Following President Ford's remarks, two lanterns were lit by Robert Newman Ruggles and Robert Newman Sheet, descendants of Robert Newman, who, as sexton of the Old North Church in 1775, lit the two lanterns which signaled the movement of British troops. The President

was to notify Charlestown that the British Army would march over Boston Neck and the Great Bridge, and two were to notify them that the troops were taking boats across the Charles River to land near Phips farm (the British Army would take the ""sea"" route; thus, two lanterns were hung). After receiving the signal, the Charlestown Patriots sent out a rider to Lexington, but this rider did not reach his destination and his identity has disappeared from history, having possibly been captured by a British patrol. But the warning was delivered miles away to dozens of towns, first by

Revere and Dawes on horses, and then by other men on horses and men who rang church bells and town bells, beat drums, and shot off warning guns. The current status of the lanterns is not entirely clear; one is said to be in the hands of a private collector, another was broken during a tour, and yet another is on display at the Concord Museum. President Gerald Ford visited Old North Church on April 18, 1975. In his nationally televised speech, the President said, in part: Let us pray here in the Old North Church tonight that those who

of bells cast for the British Empire in North America, A.R. 1744."" The bells were restored in 1894 and in 1975. They are maintained and rung regularly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Guild of Bellringers. The original steeple of the Old North Church was destroyed by the 1804 Snow hurricane. A replacement steeple, designed by Charles Bulfinch, was toppled by Hurricane Carol on August 25, 1954. The current steeple uses design elements from the original and the Bulfinch version. The church is now tall. At its tip is the original weather vane. Before the construction of the ""Old North

case Revere and Dawes were arrested on the way. The lanterns were hung for just under a minute to avoid catching the eyes of the British troops occupying Boston, but this was long enough for the message to be received in Charlestown. The militia waiting across the river had been told to look for the signal lanterns, and were prepared to act as soon as they saw them. The meaning of two lanterns has been memorized by countless American schoolchildren. ""One if by land, and two if by sea"" is from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem ""Paul Revere's Ride"". One lantern

"North Church (Portsmouth, New Hampshire)"
same glebe at the corner of Congress Street and Pleasant Street roughly fifty years later. A large clock and bell were added in 1749. The church kept extensive records of baptisms, marriages, and funerals of members. Prominent members included William Whipple, John Langdon, and Daniel Webster. President George Washington attended a service during his visit to New Hampshire in 1789. Members of the church were required to purchase pews. Slave owners had to purchase extra pews for their slaves, which were on the top corner of the balcony. A majority of the black people in Portsmouth attended North Church, which

"New Earswick"
to the slums that had developed in York and other cities during the previous century, the deprivation of which had been revealed in Seebohm Rowntree's report of 1901, entitled ""Poverty: a study of town life"". It revealed appalling statistics of dark, overcrowded and insanitary housing. As a result of the report, Joseph Rowntree's conviction that it must be possible to provide better housing for people on low incomes led him to acquire 150 acres of land near the village of Earswick, two and a half miles to the north of the centre of York. The planner Raymond Unwin and the

founded by the York philanthropist, Joseph Rowntree, who was quoted as saying, ""I do not want to establish communities bearing the stamp of charity but rather of rightly ordered and self governing communities"". The first 28 houses were built between 1902 and 1904 by the architect Raymond Unwin, after which the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust (now the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust) was established to continue building and manage the new village. The Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust is part of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. The village had contemporaries such as Bournville, Saltaire, Port Sunlight and others. This was in sharp contrast

architect Barry Parker were commissioned to produce an overall plan for a new 'garden' village and the detailed designs for its first houses. They also designed the garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. The building of New Earswick created a balanced village community where rents were kept low, but still represented a modest commercial return on the capital invested. Houses were open to any working people, not just Rowntree employees. The village was to be a demonstration of good practice. The Trust Deed of the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, which was set up in 1904 to build and

"Rowland Plumbe"
Rowland Plumbe Rowland Plumbe, also known as Roland Plumbe (2 February 1838, Whitechapel – 2 April 1919, Willesden), was an English architect, famous for being the author of many residential schemes across London, many being considered the first examples of the Victorian Garden City. Examples of these schemes are Queen's Park Estate and Noel Park. Plumbe also redesigned Woodlands Park House, now Woodlands Park Hotel, in Cobham for industrialist William Bryant; and designed the entertainment hall (completed 1879) at the Normansfield home for people with a learning disability in Teddington, built at the instigation of John Langdon Down. After leaving

New Earswick New Earswick is a model village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in North Yorkshire, England, near the River Foss, north of York and south of Haxby. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,812, reducing to 2,737 at the 2011 Census. Before 1996 it had been part of the Ryedale district. The village of New Earswick was built as a genuine mixed community. There was housing for both workers and managers, in a green setting with gardens for each home with its own 2 fruit trees. It was

"Attingham Park"
the mansion and some 650 acres, was gifted to the National Trust. Attingham Park was designed by George Steuart, a follower of James Wyatt, whose only surviving country house this is. It was built from 1772 to 1785 for Noel Hill, 1st Baron Berwick, on the site of an earlier house called Tern Hall (which had been built to his own designs by Richard Hill of Hawkstone). The proportions have been criticised: for Simon Jenkins ""The facade is uncomfortably tall, almost barracks-like, the portico columns painfully thin"". There is a large entrance court, with an imposing gatehouse, and two single

"Eastbury Park"
Eastbury Park Eastbury Park was a country estate near Tarrant Gunville in Dorset, England. It contained a large mansion designed by Sir John Vanbrugh. The mansion has not survived, but its former service wing has become a country house known as Eastbury House, a Grade I listed building. The house was designed by Vanbrugh for George Dodington, who was Secretary to the Treasurer of the Navy. Construction started in 1718 and was completed under the stewardship of Dodington's nephew, George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, in 1738 at a final cost £140,000: it had a large garden which was designed by

"The Alnwick Garden"
Estates, although the 12th Duke of Northumberland donated the 42-acre (17 ha) site and contributed £9 million towards redevelopment costs. The first garden was laid down in 1750 by the 1st Duke of Northumberland, who employed Capability Brown, the celebrated Northumberland gardener, to landscape the parkland adjoining Alnwick Museum. The 3rd Duke was a plant collector, and led a century of development at Alnwick - he brought seeds from over the world, and pineapples were raised in hothouses. In the middle of the 19th century, the 4th Duke created an Italianate garden featuring a large conservatory, and at the end

"Norbury Park"
in 1810 and his family left Norbury Park in 1819. Ebenezer Fuller Maitland, the former MP for Wallingford, purchased the house in around 1822, and later exchanged it for Park Place, Remenham, Berkshire, with Henry Piper Sperling. Sperling remained at Norbury Park for 24 years and was responsible for developing the gardens around the House, including the building of Weir Bridge over the River Mole, which still stands today and is Grade II* listed. The estate was purchased in 1850 by Thomas Grissell. It was home to Leopold Salomons JP by 1911 — Salomans gave Box Hill to the nation

"West Wycombe Park"
West Wycombe Park West Wycombe Park is a country house built between 1740 and 1800 near the village of West Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England. It was conceived as a pleasure palace for the 18th-century libertine and dilettante Sir Francis Dashwood, 2nd Baronet. The house is a long rectangle with four façades that are columned and pedimented, three theatrically so. The house encapsulates the entire progression of British 18th-century architecture from early idiosyncratic Palladian to the Neoclassical, although anomalies in its design make it architecturally unique. The mansion is set within an 18th-century landscaped park containing many small temples and follies,

"University of Wisconsin–Madison"
University of Wisconsin–Madison The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848, UW–Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin, and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state. It became a land-grant institution in 1866. The main campus, located on the shores of Lake Mendota, includes four National Historic Landmarks. The University also owns

college, the College of Letters and Science, enrolls approximately half of the undergraduate student body and is made up of 38 departments and five professional schools that instruct students and carry out research in a wide variety of fields, such as astronomy, economics, geography, history, linguistics, and zoology. The graduate instructional program is classified by Carnegie as ""comprehensive with medical/veterinary."" In 2008, it granted the third largest number of doctorates in the nation. In the 2016-17 ""QS World University Rankings"", UW was ranked 53rd in the world and received five excellence stars. It was ranked 28th among world universities and

Engagement (WISCIENCE) is a unit that facilitates coordination of science outreach efforts across the university and works to improve science education at all levels. Located in Madison, about a mile from the state capitol, the main campus of the university is situated partially on the isthmus between Lake Mendota and Lake Monona. The main campus comprises of land, while the entire campus, including research stations throughout the state, is over in area. The central campus is on an urban layout mostly coinciding with the city of Madison's street grid, exceptions being the suburban University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, and

than 427,000 living alumni. Although a large number of alumni live in Wisconsin, a significant number live in Illinois, Minnesota, New York, California, and Washington, D.C. UW–Madison alumni, faculty, or former faculty have been awarded 20 Nobel Prizes and 38 Pulitzer Prizes. University of Wisconsin–Madison The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848, UW–Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin, and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first

are Madison chapters of nationwide organizations, others are honor societies that require a minimum grade point average, while some exist simply to network with other students. The University of Wisconsin–Madison has two student unions. The older, Memorial Union, was built in 1928 to honor American World War I veterans. Also known as the Union or the Terrace, it has gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful student centers on a university campus. Located on the shore of Lake Mendota, it is a popular spot for socializing among both students and the public, who enjoy gazing at the lake

addition to undergraduate and graduate divisions in agriculture and life sciences, business, education, engineering, human ecology, journalism and mass communication, letters and science, music, nursing, pharmacy, and social welfare, the university also maintains graduate and professional schools in environmental studies, law, library and information studies, medicine and public health (School of Medicine and Public Health), public affairs, and veterinary medicine. The four year, full-time undergraduate instructional program is classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as ""arts and science plus professions"" with a high graduate coexistence; admissions are characterized as ""more selective, lower transfer-in."" The largest university

million volumes representing human inquiry through all of history. In addition, the collections comprised more than 101,000 serial titles, 6.4 million microform items, and over 8.2 million items in other formats, such as government documents, maps, musical scores, and audiovisual materials. Over 1 million volumes are circulated to library users every year. Memorial Library serves as the principal research facility on campus for the humanities and social sciences. It is the largest library in the state, with over 3.5 million volumes. It also houses a periodical collection, domestic and foreign newspapers, Special Collections, the Mills Music Library, a letterpress printing

the Association of American Universities. In 2012, the school received $1.1 billion in research funding, placing it third in the country. Its research programs were fourth in the number of patents issued in 2010. The University of Wisconsin–Madison is one of 33 sea grant colleges in the United States. These colleges are involved in scientific research, education, training, and extension projects geared toward the conservation and practical use of U.S. coasts, the Great Lakes and other marine areas. The University maintains almost 100 research centers and programs, ranging from agriculture to arts, from education to engineering. It has been considered

is slated for sometime around 2025 as part of the university's campus master plan. Home of the Wisconsin School of Business, Grainger Hall was built in 1993. In 2008 it underwent a major renovation and addition to assist the 12 MBA specialization programs that were housed there. The addition occupies the corner of Park Street and University Avenue, projecting the school's crest outward in a location that once housed a bank. Grainger Hall also houses an array of student-run organizations, both undergraduate and graduate. There are major-specific organizations as well as organizations that welcome all students. Several of the clubs

and operates a historic arboretum established in 1932, located south of the main campus. UW–Madison is organized into 20 schools and colleges, which enrolled 30,361 undergraduate and 14,052 graduate students in 2018. Its comprehensive academic program offers 136 undergraduate majors, along with 148 master's degree programs and 120 doctoral programs. A major contributor to Wisconsin's economy, the University is the largest employer in the state, with over 21,600 faculty and staff. The UW is one of America's Public Ivy universities, which refers to top public universities in the United States capable of providing a collegiate experience comparable with the Ivy

is particularly celebrated in Mexico where the day is a public holiday. Prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the celebration took place at the beginning of summer. Gradually, it was associated with October 31, November 1, and November 2 to coincide with the Western Christianity triduum of Allhallowtide: All Saints' Eve, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day. Traditions connected with the holiday include building private altars called ""ofrendas"", honoring the deceased using calaveras, aztec marigolds, and the favorite foods and beverages of the departed, and visiting graves with these as gifts. Visitors also leave possessions of the

holiday foods include ""pan de muerto"", a sweet egg bread made in various shapes from plain rounds to skulls and rabbits, often decorated with white frosting to look like twisted bones. The traditions and activities that take place in celebration of the Day of the Dead are not universal, often varying from town to town. For example, in the town of Pátzcuaro on the Lago de Pátzcuaro in Michoacán, the tradition is very different if the deceased is a child rather than an adult. On November 1 of the year after a child's death, the godparents set a table in

this day by visiting the family dead to clean and repair their tombs. Offerings of prayers, flowers, candles, and even food, while Chinese Filipinos additionally burn joss sticks and ""kim"". Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the cemetery, having feasts and merriment. Day of the Dead The Day of the Dead () is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican heritage elsewhere. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died,

Mexico. It is served cold and quite sweet with a lot of ice. The ruby-red beverage is called hibiscus tea in English-speaking countries and called ""agua de Jamaica"" (water of Jamaica) in Spanish. In Belize, Day of the Dead is practiced by people of the Yucatec Maya ethnicity. The celebration is known as ""Hanal Pixan"" which means ""food for the souls"" in their language. Altars are constructed and decorated with food, drinks, candies, and candles put on them. ""Día de las Ñatitas"" (""Day of the Skulls"") is a festival celebrated in La Paz, Bolivia, on May 5. In pre-Columbian times

the dead there. In contrast, the town of Ocotepec, north of Cuernavaca in the State of Morelos, opens its doors to visitors in exchange for ""veladoras"" (small wax candles) to show respect for the recently deceased. In return the visitors receive tamales and ""atole"". This is done only by the owners of the house where someone in the household has died in the previous year. Many people of the surrounding areas arrive early to eat for free and enjoy the elaborate altars set up to receive the visitors. In some parts of the country (especially the cities, where in recent

"Public holidays in Mexico"
Public holidays in Mexico In Mexico there are three major kinds of public holidays: ""Dia de la Independencia"" or ""Aniversario de la Independencia"", September 16, commemorates Mexico's independence from Spain and is the most important patriotic statutory holiday. Parades are held and many schools are closed. Statutory holidays (referred as """"feriados"""" or """"días de asueto"""" in Mexico) are legislated through the federal government and ruled by the Federal Labor Law (""Ley Federal del Trabajo""). Most workers, public and private, are entitled to take the day off with regular pay. However, some employers may require employees to work on such a

"Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)"
above, ""Cinco de mayo"" is observed mostly at a local level (Puebla State) and is a minor Bank Holiday in the rest of Mexico. Many labor unions have negotiated to have the day off, however, since its proximity to Labor Day (May 1) often allows an extended five-day weekend or two consecutive three-day weekends. Fiestas Patrias (Mexico) Fiestas Patrias () in Mexico originated in the 19th century and are observed today as five public holidays. This day () commemorates the Constitution of 1917, promulgated after the Mexican Revolution on February 5. Article 74 of the Mexican federal labor law (""Ley

Fiestas Patrias (Mexico) Fiestas Patrias () in Mexico originated in the 19th century and are observed today as five public holidays. This day () commemorates the Constitution of 1917, promulgated after the Mexican Revolution on February 5. Article 74 of the Mexican federal labor law (""Ley Federal del Trabajo"") provides that the first Monday of February (regardless of the date) will be an official holiday in Mexico marking this occasion. This was a modification of the law made in 2005, effective since 2006; before that, it was celebrated on February 5 regardless of the day of the week in which

de la Independencia""). Mexican Independence day, also referred to as ""Dieciséis de septiembre"", is celebrated from the evening of September 15 with a re-creation of the ""Grito de Dolores"" by all executive office-holders (from the President of the Republic down to municipal presidents) and lasts through the night. This day commemorates the Mexican Revolution which started on November 20, 1910 when Francisco I. Madero planned an uprising against dictator Porfirio Díaz's 31-year-long iron rule. Article 74 of the Mexican labor law (""Ley Federal del Trabajo"") provides that the third Monday of November (regardless the date) will be an official holiday

a town in west yorkshire on the river aire home to a rugby league team

Dukinfield
and BCGBA Coach. Champagnole is the twin town of Dukinfield since 1958. It is situated in Jura, France. Notes Bibliography Dukinfield Dukinfield is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, on the south bank of the River Tame opposite Ashton-under-Lyne, east of Manchester. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 19,306. Historically part of Cheshire, the town developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution when it became the site of coal mining and cotton manufacturing. The earliest evidence of human activity around Dukinfield comes from a collection of four flints from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The

"North West England"
School is Speedy Hire, the biggest hire firm in the UK. Vimto is owned by Nichols plc of Newton-le-Willows, although actually made by Cott Beverages in north Leicestershire. Littlewoods are in Garston, who are owned by the Shop Direct Group in Speke. Princes, Johnsons Cleaners UK, Maersk Line UK, the Beetham Organization, John West Foods, Bibby Line, Home Bargains, the Royal Liver Assurance and T J Hughes have their headquarters in Liverpool. Towards Aintree, Jacob's and their crackers are historically based, and also make Twiglets at their site at Hartley's Village in Fazakerley, and nearby is Sportech PLC, owner of

Dukinfield Dukinfield is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, on the south bank of the River Tame opposite Ashton-under-Lyne, east of Manchester. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 19,306. Historically part of Cheshire, the town developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution when it became the site of coal mining and cotton manufacturing. The earliest evidence of human activity around Dukinfield comes from a collection of four flints from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The artefacts were discovered on the site of Dukinfield Hall and have been taken as evidence of a prehistoric settlement on

"Yorkshire and the Humber"
is home to numerous Premier League and Football League clubs. Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United and Huddersfield Town are the most successful clubs in the region in terms of trophies won, each winning 9, 9, 5 and 4 major trophies respectively. Leeds United are the most successful club in terms of European appearances and success, they have also been the UEFA coefficient Top Club on 3 occasions, more than any other English club. Sheffield F.C., founded in October 1857, is the world's oldest football club still in existence; they play in the Evo-Stik Northern Premier League. The world's first

the park is Nuvia UK (part of Soletanche Freyssinet). Betfred (having the largest turnover in the region—£13.3bn) is at the western end of Birchwood itself, next to the M6 and Birchwood railway station. Birchwood was built on the former ROF Risley. The ONS 2010 Annual Business Survey states that 30.3% of jobs in the British aerospace industry are based in Lancashire. The main private employer in the county is BAE Systems Military Air & Information who have two sites east and west of Preston for the manufacture of military aircraft. Samlesbury (4000 employees) makes air-frames; the front fuselage, canards and

is on the Boston Street Ind Est. Cadbury UK (formerly Bassett's) make liquorice allsorts in the north of Sheffield on the A61 next-door to Owlerton Stadium; it is Cadbury's Gum & Liquorice division, and also makes Belvita and Oreo for UK market. Swann Morton is a world-leading manufacturer of scalpel blades and medical equipment at Owlerton opposite Bassetts on the A61. Plusnet (owned by BT), learndirect (owned by Ufi Ltd), Online Centres Network, and Jobcentre Plus are in the city centre. Virgin Media have a main contact centre (former Telewest) directly south of Don Valley Stadium, and next to the

River Irwell. JJB Sports is at Marsh Green near the River Douglas, set up by former footballer Dave Whelan who owns Wigan Athletic F.C.; also in Wigan are The Tote, Shearings Holidays and Girobank, and R&R Ice Cream (former Richmond Foods) make De Roma ice cream. Contitech UK (part of Continental AG) makes industrial belts off the A587 in Bickershaw, between Wigan and Leigh. Bulldog Tools make spades on the A577 in the east of Wigan. Electrium (Volex) make electrical wiring off the A578, north of Westleigh. Ainscough Crane Hire is the UK's largest lifting services company on Bradley Hall

is Franke UK, the world's largest manufacturer of domestic sinks and Simon Carves (process engineering), and Renold plc is an international chain company based on the B5166, off the Manchester Airport spur of the M56. Amazon have a fulfilment centre off the A538 west of the airport, south of the Hale Four Seasons Roundabout of the M56. N Brown Group (JD Williams) is one of Britain's main clothing manufacturers and retailers, and based in central Manchester near the A62/A665 junction and Sir Owen William's Daily Express Building, and owns well-known brands. Gazprom Energy is on Quay Street (A34) towards the

tailfin of the Eurofighter. Warton, BAE Systems' main site (former English Electric, then BAC), in Bryning-with-Warton (6500 employees). BAE builds a Eurofighter every two weeks (takt time). Rolls-Royce make turbofan blades in Barnoldswick (950 employees). Nearby Weston EU manufacture components in Foulridge (250) and engine maintenance contractor Euravia are in Kelbrook (100). Safran Aircelle make engine nacelles and thrust reversers in Burnley (800), and mostly make thrust reversers for the Trent 700. GE subsidiary Unison Engine Components (320), are the largest of several others in the area. (Westinghouse) (BNFL) make nuclear fuel at the Springfields site at Salwick, off the

Laporte). Croda Enterprise Technology Group does its important R&D in Halebank, Widnes, south of Ditton. The Thermphos factory on the A557 south of Widnes closed in 2013. United Utilities is based in the west of Warrington at Lingley Mere Business Park in Great Sankey, next to the St Helens boundary; in Lingley Green to the south on the A57 was the former HQ of North West Water; to the north, Amazon have a fulfilment centre. Unilever makes ""Persil"" and ""Surf"" washing powders next to the Bank Quay railway station; next door between the A5061 and River Mersey is PQ Silicas

"The Glades (TV series)"
have focused on the question ""Who shot Jim Longworth?"", adding that Longworth would have survived. However, Campbell said, ""The cancellation took us all by surprise."" A total of 49 episodes of ""The Glades"" was aired over four seasons. ""The Glades"" debuted with 3.6 million viewers, breaking A&E's records for most-watched and highest-rated original drama series telecast ever according to Nielsen Fast Nationals numbers. The show has been met with positive reviews, with an initial score of 64 out of 100 from Metacritic. ""The Glades: Season One"" was released on DVD in region 1 on June 14, 2011, and region 4

a gag reel. ""The Glades: Season Three"" was released on DVD in region 1 on June 4, 2013. ""The Glades: Season Four"" was released on DVD in region 1 on June 3, 2014. In Australia, the series premiered on SoHo (formerly W) on December 5, 2010, with season 2 returning on December 4, 2011, season 3 on August 20, 2012, and season 4 on May 30, 2013. In the U.K., the series premiered on Alibi on September 11, 2012, with season 2 returning on January 22, 2013, and season 3 on September 4, 2013. The fourth season, its last, premiered

on March 7, 2012. It contains all 13 episodes of season one. Special features include deleted scenes, a gag reel, behind-the-scenes footage, ""Sunshine State of Mind: Casting The Glades"" and ""A Location for Murder: Filming in The Glades"" featurettes, and cast commentaries. ""The Glades: Season Two"" was released on DVD in region 1 on July 10, 2012, and is set to be released in region 4 on December 31, 2013. It contains all 13 episodes of season two. Special features include deleted scenes, commentary, ""Jim Longworth's Guide to Police Work"" and ""Love Triangles: Relationship Complexities and The Glades"" featurettes, and

playing only a peripheral role in the stories. On September 13, 2010, A&E announced that the show had been renewed for a second season. Season two of the series premiered on Sunday, June 5, 2011. On October 18, 2011, ""The Glades"" was renewed for a third season, which premiered June 3, 2012. With a 5% increase in viewership, A&E renewed ""The Glades"" for a fourth season. On September 1, 2013, ""The Huffington Post"" reported that the A&E Network did not renew ""The Glades"" for its fifth season. Show creator Clifton Campbell later told Rob Owen that the fifth season would

The Glades (TV series) The Glades is a crime drama television series, created by Clifton Campbell, that aired on the A&E network for four seasons from July 11, 2010 to August 26, 2013. The police procedural show starred Matt Passmore as Jim Longworth, a Chicago police detective who becomes a state police detective in a Florida Everglades community. He leaves the Chicago Police Department after being shot in the buttocks by his captain, who thought Jim was sleeping with his wife. He receives a large settlement from the city of Chicago and settles in Florida for the golf and what

on July 15, 2014. The Glades (TV series) The Glades is a crime drama television series, created by Clifton Campbell, that aired on the A&E network for four seasons from July 11, 2010 to August 26, 2013. The police procedural show starred Matt Passmore as Jim Longworth, a Chicago police detective who becomes a state police detective in a Florida Everglades community. He leaves the Chicago Police Department after being shot in the buttocks by his captain, who thought Jim was sleeping with his wife. He receives a large settlement from the city of Chicago and settles in Florida for

It is filmed in a former carpet warehouse in Pembroke Park, Florida, and in the Hollywood and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, metro area, making it one of the three series at the time, along with ""Burn Notice"" and ""Retired at 35"", to be filmed exclusively in the state. Matt Passmore was the first actor cast in the series. Kiele Sanchez, Uriah Shelton, and Carlos Gómez were cast next. On February 25, 2010, ""The Glades"" was given a series order of 13 episodes. Though A&E advertised the show as a ""CSI""-type series, it was more of a standard ""police procedural"", with forensics

he believes will be an easy life. However, Longworth soon discovers that his new hometown is more complex than meets the eye. A&E canceled the series after its season-four finale, effectively ending the series on a cliffhanger. The show's premise involves a Chicago detective taking a South Florida job with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) after being shot by his captain. He assumes it will afford him a more relaxing lifestyle, but he finds things are more complicated than he had imagined. Originally titled ""Sugarloaf"", the series was set to take place in the Tampa Bay metro area.

"The Twilight Zone (radio series)"
10 episodes each were introduced with the release of six additional episodes, ending the year with 14 episodes for 30 in total, which were reorganized and shuffled between these first 3 volumes. In 2006, volumes 4 through 9 were released (60 episodes), then volumes 10 through 12 appeared in 2007 (30 episodes), and volume 13 in 2008 (10 episodes) would be the last volume made available on CD. Beginning in 2007, the shows were made available for individual MP3 download at $1.95 each, with most of volumes 14 through 17 released in 2009 and 2010 (38 episodes), and the last

"The Heartland Series"
to the cancellation of the series caused management to reconsider its demise. In 2010 producer Steve Dean was contracted to produce four more episodes, each an hour long. These shows were well received and led to new hour-long installments, to be produced quarterly, through 2011. During its 25-year history, ""The Heartland Series"" received four Emmy Awards, six Iris Awards from the National Association of Television Program Executives, one silver medal and two bronze medals from the New York International Film and Television Festival, and a Theodore Roosevelt Award for Best Outdoor Documentary. On the day that the last episode was

"Shirley Jones"
Shirley Jones Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American singer and actress. In her six decades of show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as ""Oklahoma!"" (1955), ""Carousel"" (1956), and ""The Music Man"" (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in ""Elmer Gantry"" (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series ""The Partridge Family"" (1970–74), which co-starred her real-life stepson, David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy. Jones

"The Partridge Family"
Talbot, Larry Wilcox, Dick Wilson, and William Windom. Others would later become famous in other roles, such as Meredith Baxter, Richard Bull, Bert Convy, Farrah Fawcett, Norman Fell, Anthony Geary, Louis Gossett Jr., Harold Gould, Jackie Earle Haley, Mark Hamill, Season Hubley, Ann Jillian, Gordon Jump, Cheryl Ladd, Michael Lembeck, William Lucking, Stuart Margolin, Richard Mulligan, Michael Ontkean, Noam Pitlik, Annette O'Toole, Charlotte Rae, Rob Reiner, Jack Riley, Jaclyn Smith, Vic Tayback, Nancy Walker, and Frank Welker. Country singer Johnny Cash made an uncredited cameo appearance in the pilot episode. Ray Bolger played Shirley's father in three episodes, and Rosemary

DeCamp played Shirley's mother in four episodes. Then-Governor Ronald Reagan's daughter, Maureen Reagan, was also featured in one episode. Future ""Charlie's Angels"" stars Jaclyn Smith, Farrah Fawcett and Cheryl Ladd all made guest appearances on separate episodes. Bobby Sherman appeared in the last episode of the first season (Episode 25) as struggling songwriter Bobby Conway. This episode led into a short-lived spinoff series on ABC, ""Getting Together"", starring Sherman and Wes Stern as Bobby Conway's business partner Lionel Poindexter. At the end of the first season, Jeremy Gelbwaks' family moved out of the Los Angeles area, and the part of

was riding around New York in the back of a car ""stoned and drunk."" Shortly after the series ended, scriptwriter Roberta Tatum launched a lawsuit against Screen Gems concerning the creation of the show. Tatum claimed that she had submitted a similar premise to Screen Gems prior to 1970 called ""Baker's Half-Dozen"". The matter was resolved out of court, with Tatum receiving a reported $150,000 from Screen Gems. On the show's soundtrack and records, none of the actors actually played the indicated instruments, and only Jones and primarily Cassidy sang. The actors pretended while listening to recordings by session musicians

The Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had subsequent runs in syndication. The family was loosely based on the real-life musical family The Cowsills, a popular band in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the pilot episode, a group of musical siblings in the fictitious city of

who provided the real vocal and instrumental music attributed to The Partridge Family. During its four-season run, many actors made guest appearances on the show. Some of them were well known at the time, such as Morey Amsterdam, John Astin, Carl Ballantine, John Banner, Edgar Buchanan, George Chakiris, Dick Clark (who later hosted ""The Other Half"" from 2001 to 2003 with Danny Bonaduce), Jackie Coogan, Howard Cosell, Jodie Foster, Bernard Fox, Ned Glass, James Gregory, Margaret Hamilton, Pat Harrington Jr., Arte Johnson, Harvey Lembeck, Art Metrano, Mary Ann Mobley, Harry Morgan, Slim Pickens, Richard Pryor, Barbara Rhoades, William Schallert, Nita

"Suzanne Crough"
Suzanne Crough Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American child actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge on ""The Partridge Family"". On ""The Partridge Family"", Crough played Tracy Partridge, the youngest Partridge sibling, who played the tambourine. After ""The Partridge Family"", she made several TV movies and made guest appearances on television shows, including ""Mulligan's Stew"". Her last credited on-screen role was as Kate in the 1980 TV movie ""Children of Divorce"". Crough graduated from Los Angeles Pierce College and until 1993 owned and operated a bookstore. She married William Condray in

San Pueblo, California (said to be ""40 miles from Napa County"" in episode 24, ""A Partridge By Any Other Name"") convinces their widowed mother, bank teller Shirley Partridge, to help them out by singing as they record a pop song in their garage. Through the efforts of precocious 10-year-old Danny they find a manager, Reuben Kincaid, who helps make the song a Top 40 hit. After more persuading, Shirley agrees that the family can go on tour. They acquire an old school bus, a 1957 Chevrolet Series 6800 Superior, for touring, paint it with Mondrian-inspired patterns, and head to Las

their instruments. None of the actors sang background; they lip-synched to recorded singing by the Ron Hicklin Singers, composed of brothers John and Tom Bahler, Jackie Ward (who as Robin Ward had a #14 hit ""Wonderful Summer"" on Dot Records in 1963 ), and Ron Hicklin. Actor David Cassidy was originally to lip sync with the rest of the cast, but convinced Farrell that he could sing and was allowed to join the studio ensemble as the lead singer. He and his step-mother, Shirley, are the only two show actors allowed to sing for recording. ""The Partridge Family"" theme song,

reinstated at the end of the credits. No U.S. DVD releases contain the epilogue to episode #25 (which does appear on Region 2 & 4 releases), nor the unaired 1969 pilot, nor any episodes of the spin-off series ""Getting Together"". The Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had

"Tony Award for Best Original Score"
Kron and Jeanine Tesori became the first all-woman team to win the award for ""Fun Home"". Lin-Manuel Miranda is the youngest person to win the award; he was 28 when he won for ""In the Heights"". Adolph Green is the oldest person to win the award; he was 76 when he won for ""The Will Rogers Follies"". If T. S. Eliot were alive when he won for ""Cats"", he would have been 94. Eliot is one of two people to receive the award posthumously, the other being Jonathan Larson, who won for ""Rent"". He would have been 36. Only 3

"Academy Award for Best Original Score"
was nominated for ""Emma"" (1996) (for which she won for Best Original Score), ""The Cider House Rules"" (1999) and ""Chocolat"" (2000); and Angela Morley, who was nominated twice in the Original Song or Adaptation Score category for ""The Little Prince"" (1974) and ""The Slipper and the Rose"" (1976). In total, only six women have been nominated in Music Score categories: Rachel Portman, Anne Dudley, Marilyn Bergman, Angela Morley, Lynn Ahrens and Mica Levi. Dmitri Shostakovich and Duke Ellington were both nominated the same year but lost to arrangers of ""West Side Story"". The scores of ""Midnight Express"" by Giorgio Moroder

pop stars are most often nominated in the songwriting category. A handful that were nominated in the Scoring categories includes: The Beatles, Prince, Pete Townshend, Rod McKuen, Isaac Hayes, Kris Kristofferson, Quincy Jones, Randy Newman, Anthony Newley, Paul Williams, Tom Waits, David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Trent Reznor and Matthew Wilder. Record producers George Martin (The Beatles) and Jerry Wexler (Atlantic Records) also received nominations in the Scoring categories. At the age of 87, Ennio Morricone became the oldest winner in Oscar history at the time for a competitive award. The following is a list of composers nominated more than once

has gone to the composer and lyricist for their combined contributions, except for 1971 when the two awards were split (although Stephen Sondheim won both, for ""Company)"". In only six years have non-musical plays been nominated for Tony Awards in this category: ""Much Ado About Nothing"" in 1973, ""The Song of Jacob Zulu"" in 1993, ""Twelfth Night"" in 1999, ""Enron"" and ""Fences"" in 2010, ""Peter and the Starcatcher"" and ""One Man, Two Guvnors"" in 2012, and ""Angels in America"" in 2018. In 2013, Cyndi Lauper became the first woman to win the award solo for ""Kinky Boots"". In 2015, Lisa

"Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score"
Williams is the artist with the most nominations (24); those resulted in 4 wins. Dimitri Tiomkin had the same number of wins, but out of only 5 nominations. Other notable achievers include Maurice Jarre (10 nominations, 4 wins) and Alan Menken (5 nominations, 3 wins). Artists like Jerry Goldsmith (9 nominations) and Michel Legrand (7 nominations) were nominated several times but never received the award. Dmitri Tiomkin, Alan Menken and Howard Shore are the only composers to win two consecutive awards. Additionally, Dimitri Tiomkin received ""Special Achievement Awards"" for his services to film music in 1955 and 1957, as did

in 1979, ""Slumdog Millionaire"" by A. R. Rahman in 2009, ""The Social Network"" in 2011 by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross and ""Her"" by William Butler and Owen Pallett in 2014 are the only scores with electronic based music ever to be nominated, with the first three winning the award. Noted nominated composers known for their music mostly outside the film world include: Aaron Copland, Kurt Weill, Gian-Carlo Menotti, Philip Glass, John Corigliano, Peter Maxwell Davies, Randy Newman, Richard Rodney Bennett, Stephen Schwartz, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Artie Shaw, Trent Reznor, Quincy Jones, Herbie Hancock and Jonny Greenwood. Rock musicians and

Academy Award for Best Original Score The Academy Award for Best Original Score is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically for the film by the submitting composer. The Academy began awarding movies for their scores in 1935. The category was originally called Best Scoring. At the time, winners and nominees were a mix of original scores and adaptations of pre-existing material. Following the controversial win of Charles Previn for ""One Hundred Men and a Girl"" in 1938,

a row: Roger Edens won for ""Easter Parade"" (1948), ""On the Town"" (1949) and ""Annie Get Your Gun"" (1950). Eight composers have won Oscars two years in a row: Three women have won in the scoring categories. Two are composers: Rachel Portman, who won for ""Emma"" (1996), and Anne Dudley, who won for ""The Full Monty"" (1997); the third, is lyricist Marilyn Bergman, who won for ""Yentl"" (1983) in the Original Song Score category, sharing the award with co-lyricist Alan Bergman (her husband) and composer Michel Legrand. The only female composers nominated for multiple Scoring Oscars are Rachel Portman, who

1967 means the Oscars presented in 1968 for films released in 1967. These are only for nominations in the Scoring categories. Nominations in other categories, such as the Original Song category, are not included. Only one composer has won two Scoring Oscars the same year: in 1973, Marvin Hamlisch won Original Dramatic Score for ""The Way We Were"" and Best Adaptation Score, for ""The Sting"". Hamlisch also won Best Song that year for ""The Way We Were"", making him the only composer to win three music Oscars in the same year. Only one composer has won Oscars three years in

Original Musical is defined as this: """"An original musical consists of not fewer than five original songs by the same writer or team of writers, either used as voiceovers or visually performed. Each of these songs must be substantively rendered, clearly audible, intelligible, and must further the storyline of the motion picture. An arbitrary group of songs unessential to the storyline will not be considered eligible."""" The following is the list of nominated composers organized by year, and listing both films and composers. The years shown in the following list of winners are the production years, thus a reference to

"Household income in the United States"
Virginia, which had one of the nation's lowest median household incomes, also had the nation's lowest median home price. By Census Bureau Region, of the 15 states with the highest median household income, only Minnesota is located in the Mid-West, while eight are in the Northeast (New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and New York) and the other six (Alaska, Hawaii, California, Washington, Colorado and Utah) are in the West. The southern states had, on average, the lowest median household income, with nine of the country's fifteen poorest states located in the South. However, most of the

adjusting for costs of living with local regional price parities and the national PCE price index, averaged $47,807 in 2016 (in 2012 chained dollars). Median adjusted personal income per capita varied from $39,901 in Mississippi to $61,601 in Connecticut (and $64,363 in the District of Columbia). The states closest to the national average were California and Vermont, at $48,384 and $47,971 respectively. Household income is one of the most commonly used measures of income and, therefore, also one of the most prominent indicators of social class. Household income and education do not, however, always reflect perceived class status correctly. Sociologist

with $48,957 for three-person households, $54,338 for four-person households, $50,905 for five-person households, $45,435 for six-person households, with seven-or-more-person households having the second lowest median income of only $42,471. Considering other racial and geographical differences in regards to household income, it should come as no surprise that the median household income varies with race, size of household and geography. The state with the highest median household income in the United States as of the US Census Bureau 2009 is Maryland with $69,272, followed by New Jersey, Connecticut and Alaska, making the Northeastern United States the wealthiest area by income in

"Income in the United States"
Income in the United States Income in the United States is measured by the United States Department of Commerce either by household or individual. The differences between household and personal income is considerable since 42% of households, the majority of those in the top two quintiles with incomes exceeding $57,658, now have two income earners. This difference becomes very apparent when comparing the percentage of households with six figure incomes to that of individuals. In 2006, 17.3% of households had incomes exceeding $100,000, compared to slightly less than 6% of individuals. Overall the median household income was $46,326 in 2006

while the median personal income (including only those above the age of 25) was $32,140. Income inequality in the United States has increased considerably. Between 1979 and 2004, the mean after-tax income of the top percentile increased 167%, versus 69% for the top quintile overall, 29% for the fourth quintile, 21% for the middle quintile, 17% for the second quintile and 6% for the bottom quintile. While wages for women have increased greatly, median earnings of male wage earners have remained stagnant since the late 1970s. Household income, however, has risen due the increasing number of households with more than

population. Overall, 86.01% of all households in the top two quintiles with upper-middle range incomes of over $55,331 were headed by someone identifying as White alone, while 7.21% were being headed by someone who identified as Hispanic and 7.37% by someone who identified as African American or Black. Overall, households headed by Hispanics and African Americans were underrepresented in the top two quintiles and overrepresented in the bottom two quintiles. Households headed by people who identified as being Asian alone were also overrepresented among the top two quintiles. In the top five percent the percentage of Asians was nearly twice

one income earner and women's increased presence in the labor force. Half of the U.S. population lives in poverty or is low-income, according to U.S. Census data. On the other hand, some members of the U. S. population have earned a considerable income: the top earner in 2011, hedge fund manager John Paulson, earned $4.9 billion, according to Business Insider. Income in the United States Income in the United States is measured by the United States Department of Commerce either by household or individual. The differences between household and personal income is considerable since 42% of households, the majority of

Household income in the United States Household income is an economic measure that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a household's economic status or to track economic trends in the US. One key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $61,372 in 2017, an increase of $1,063 or 1.8% versus

Bureau also provides a breakdown by self-identified ethnic groups as follows (as of March 2014): The aggregate income measures the combined income earned by all persons in a particular income group. In 2007, all households in the United States earned roughly $7.723 trillion. One half, 49.98%, of all income in the US was earned by households with an income over $100,000, the top twenty percent. Over one quarter, 28.5%, of all income was earned by the top 8%, those households earning more than $150,000 a year. The top 3.65%, with incomes over $200,000, earned 17.5%. Households with annual incomes from

use of household income remains among the most widely accepted measures of income. That the size of a household is not commonly taken into account in such measures may distort any analysis of fluctuations within or among the household income categories, and may render direct comparisons between quintiles difficult or even impossible. The U.S. Census Bureau reported in September 2017 that real median household income was $59,039 in 2016, exceeding any previous year. This was the fourth consecutive year with a statistically significant increase by their measure. Changes in median income reflect several trends: the aging of the population, changing

Bayou
for them. A bayou is frequently an anabranch or minor braid of a braided channel that is moving much more slowly than the mainstem, often becoming boggy and stagnant. Though fauna varies by region, many bayous are home to crawfish, certain species of shrimp, other shellfish, catfish, frogs, toads, American alligators, American crocodiles, herons, turtles, spoonbills, snakes, leeches, and many other species. The word was first used by the English in Louisiana and is thought to originate from the Choctaw word ""bayuk"", which means ""small stream"". The first settlements of Bayou Teche, and other bayous, were by the Cajuns, and

"Jungle Gardens"
spring with other egrets, and have continued to do so over generations. Today thousands of egrets inhabit the island from early spring to late summer. Numerous American alligators, Louisiana black bears, and white-tailed deer also inhabit the island, in addition to coypu, North American river otters, muskrats, snakes, and other wild animals. The gardens are planted with azaleas, Japanese camellias, hydrangeas, Louisiana irises, papyrus sedges, bamboo, and wisteria. Four miles of gravel roads are lined with live oak trees and Spanish moss. There are also many walking paths. A glass temple set within a Chinese garden, houses a Chinese Buddha

"Cul de canard"
Cul de canard Cul de canard (CDC) (French for ""duck bottom"") are the feathers from the back of a duck directly around the preen gland (uropygial gland); they are very buoyant due to preen oil produced by the preen gland. They are used when tying dry flies for fly fishing. They owe their buoyancy to their proximity to the ducks preen gland which secretes an oil distributed by the duck as a cleaning and waterproofing measure. It is unnecessary for the angler to add additional oil by way of floatant. Flies incorporating CDC are easy to dress requiring no floatant

Bayou
Bayou In usage in the United States, a bayou (, is a body of water typically found in a flat, low-lying area, and can be either an extremely slow-moving stream or river (often with a poorly defined shoreline), or a marshy lake or wetland. The term ""bayou"" can also refer to a creek whose current reverses daily due to tides and which contains brackish water highly conducive to fish life and plankton. Bayous are commonly found in the Gulf Coast region of the southern United States, notably the Mississippi River Delta, with the states of Louisiana and Texas being famous

Sigbin
Sigbin The Sigbin or Sigben is a creature in Philippine mythology said to come out at night to suck the blood of victims from their shadows. It is said to walk backwards with its head lowered between its hind legs, and to have the ability to become invisible to other creatures, especially humans. It resembles a hornless goat, but has very large ears which it can clap like a pair of hands and a long, flexible tail that can be used as a whip. The Sigbin is said to emit a nauseating odor. It is believed to issue forth from

Waterspout
inexplicable abandonment of the ""Mary Celeste"". Depending on how fast the winds from a waterspout are whipping, anything that is within about one yard of the surface of the water, including fish of different sizes, frogs, and even turtles, can be lifted into the air. A waterspout can sometimes suck small animals such as fish out of the water and all the way up into the cloud. Even if the waterspout stops spinning, the fish in the cloud can be carried over land, buffeted up and down and around with the cloud’s winds until its currents no longer keep the

"Fog collection"
Fog collection Fog collection refers to the collection of water from fog using large pieces of vertical canvas to make the fog-droplets flow down towards a trough below the canvas, known as a fog fence. Through a process known as condensation, atmospheric water vapour from the air naturally condenses on cold surfaces into droplets of liquid water known as dew. The phenomenon is most observable on thin, flat, exposed objects including plant leaves and blades of grass. As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat to the sky, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that of which

Krasue
Krasue The Krasue (, ), known as ""Ahp"" () in Cambodia and as ""Kasu"" (, ) in Laos, is a nocturnal female spirit of Southeast Asian folklore. It manifests itself as a woman, usually young and beautiful, with her internal organs hanging down from the neck, trailing below the head. According to Thai ethnographer Phraya Anuman Rajadhon, the Krasue consists of a floating head accompanied by a will-o'-the-wisp kind of luminescent glow. The explanations attempted about the origin of the glow include the presence of methane in marshy areas. The Krasue is often said to live in the same areas

Bunlap
the waist, to which a cloth or leaf tube is attached. The tube is worn around the penis (reminiscent of a penile gourd), while the remainder of the genitals and buttocks are exposed. These garments are distinct from the similar, but still differing nambas, which are worn by other indigenous peoples of Vanuatu. Villagers form Bunlap generally put on Western clothing when travelling outside the area. The Bunlap people perform an ancient ritual called the ""Gol"" (Bislama ""nanggol"") or ""land diving"", in which men tie vines to their ankles and jump headfirst from platforms jutting out from a tower. The

"Hanging basket"
2006. Hanging basket A hanging basket is a suspended container used for growing decorative plants. Typically they are hung from buildings, where garden space is at a premium, and from street furniture for environmental enhancement. They may also be suspended from free standing frames sometimes called ""hanging basket trees"". One type of hanging basket is the inverted planter where plants are grown in an upside down pot and are watered from the top. Hanging baskets are normally made from wire with an impervious, usually plastic, lining to retain the contents. They are filled with peat-free compost usually with a water-retaining

"Yam (vegetable)"
originated in tropical rainforest conditions, their growth cycle is less related to seasonal changes than other yams. Because of their relative ease of cultivation and their good flavor, they are considered to have a great potential for increased production. Yams in west Africa are typically harvested by hand using sticks, spades, or diggers. Wood-based tools are preferred to metallic tools as they are less likely to damage the fragile tubers; however, wood tools need frequent replacement. Yam harvesting is labor-intensive and physically demanding. Tuber harvesting involves standing, bending, squatting, and sometimes sitting on the ground depending on the size of

derivations borrow from verbs meaning ""to eat"". In various places other unrelated root vegetables are sometimes referred to as ""yams"", including: Yam has various common names across multiple world regions. A monocot related to lilies and grasses, yams are vigorous herbaceous vines, providing an edible tuber. They are native to Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Some yams are also invasive plants, often considered a ""noxious weed"", outside cultivated areas. Yam tubers vary in size from that of a small potato to over . Some 870 species of yams are known, and 95% of these crops are grown in Africa. Yam

of growth. Some are eaten right after harvesting and some are used as ingredients for other dishes, including noodles, and for traditional medicines. ""D. bulbifera"", the air potato, is found in both Africa and Asia, with slight differences between those found in each place. It is a large vine, or more in length. It produces tubers, but the bulbils which grow at the base of its leaves are the more important food product. They are about the size of potatoes (hence the name ""air potato""), weighing from . Some varieties can be eaten raw, while some require soaking or boiling

mound, size of tuber, or depth of tuber penetration. Care must be taken to avoid damage to the tuber, because damaged tubers do not store well and spoil rapidly. Some farmers use staking and mixed cropping, a practice that complicates harvesting in some cases. In forested areas, tubers grow in areas where other tree roots are present. Harvesting the tuber then involves the additional step of freeing them from other roots. This often causes tuber damage. Aerial tubers or bulbils are harvested by manual plucking from the vine. Yields may improve and cost of yam production be lower if mechanization

world average annual yield of yams was 8.8 tonnes per hectare in 2014, with Ethiopia having the most productive farms of 29.7 tonnes per hectare. Roots and tubers such as yam are living organisms. When stored, they continue to respire, which results in the oxidation of the starch (a polymer of glucose) contained in the cells of the tuber, which converts it into water, carbon dioxide, and heat energy. During this transformation of the starch, the dry matter of the tuber is reduced. Amongst the major roots and tubers, properly stored yam is considered to be the least perishable. Successful

storage systems. Sprouting rapidly increases a tuber's respiration rates, and accelerates the rate at which its food value decreases. Certain cultivars of yams store better than others. The easier to store yams are those adapted to arid climate, where they tend to stay in a dormant low-respiration stage much longer than yam breeds adapted to humid tropical lands, where they do not need dormancy. Yellow yam and cush-cush yam, by nature, have much shorter dormancy periods than water yam, white yam, or lesser yam. Storage losses for yams are very high in Africa, with insects alone causing over 25% harvest

tubers can grow up to in length and high. The tuber may grow into the soil up to deep. The plant disperses by seed. The edible tuber has a rough skin difficult to peel, but softens after heating. The skins vary in color from dark brown to light pink. The majority of the vegetable is composed of a much softer substance known as the ""meat"". This substance ranges in color from white or yellow to purple or pink in mature yams. Yam crop begins when whole seed tubers or tuber portions are planted into mounds or ridges, at the beginning

Yam (vegetable) Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus ""Dioscorea"" (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical world regions. The tubers themselves are also called ""yams"", having numerous cultivars and related species. In parts of the United States and Canada, ""yam"" is sometimes used to refer to varieties of the unrelated sweet potato (""Ipomoea batatas""). The name, yam, appears to derive from Portuguese ""inhame"" or Canarian (Spain) ""ñame"", which derived from West African languages during trade. The main

contraceptive pills. The unmodified steroid has estrogenic activity. The following table shows the nutrient content of yam and major staple foods in a raw harvested form. Raw forms, however, are not edible and cannot be digested. These must be sprouted, or prepared and cooked for human consumption. In sprouted or cooked form, the relative nutritional and antinutritional contents of each of these staples is remarkably different from that of raw form of these staples. Yams are consumed in a variety of preparations, such as flour or whole vegetable pieces across their range of distribution in Asia, Africa, North America, Central

grow back from the tubers, and new vines can grow from the bulbils even after being cut down or burned. ""D. esculenta"", the lesser yam, was one of the first yam species cultivated. It is native to Southeast Asia and is the third-most commonly cultivated species there, although it is cultivated very little in other parts of the world. Its vines seldom reach more than in length and the tubers are fairly small in most varieties. The tubers are eaten baked, boiled, or fried much like potatoes. Because of the small size of the tubers, mechanical cultivation is possible, which

such as Patrick Robinson, Chris Long, Corey Graham, Tim Jernigan and Ronald Darby. The team addressed its defense mostly in the draft, using its top three picks on defensive players. The Eagles drafted Derek Barnett with the 14th overall pick. They opened the season on the road versus the Washington Redskins and won the game 30–17. The team lost to the Kansas City Chiefs the following week, 27–20, in Pederson's return to face Andy Reid. The Eagles then won six consecutive games, including a road victory against the Carolina Panthers, 28–23. On the morning of October 31, 2017, just before

against each of the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos, and Oakland Raiders, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. With the addition of head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles in 2013, moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia. Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946 to 1948, Hershey from 1951 to

the final game against the rival New York Giants, which Shurmur won 35–30. Former player and current running backs coach Duce Staley was the first coach to be interviewed for the opening head coaching job on January 2, 2016. The Eagles hired Chiefs offensive coordinator Doug Pederson as their next head coach on January 18, 2016. Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie said in a statement: Pederson had been with the Chiefs for the preceding three years after spending the four seasons previous to those with the Eagles. He served as a quality control assistant for the Eagles in 2009 and 2010

November, the Eagles start to wear their colors at home (although they have done it earlier before), be it the midnight green jerseys or a third jersey. On one occasion the Eagles wore white at home after October in a meeting against the Dallas Cowboys on November 4, 2007 to make the Cowboys wear their road blue jerseys. Since moving to Lincoln Financial Field in 2003, the Eagles have worn white at home for at least their home opener, with the exceptions for the 2010 home opener (""see next paragraph""), the 2011 home opener against the New York Giants, the

Torso
Torso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down partially digested food via gastric acid; the liver, which respectively produces bile necessary for digestion; the large and small intestines, which extract nutrients from food; the

Abdomen
body section posterior to that bearing the legs and head (the prosoma or cephalothorax). Abdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between

Abdomen
Abdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic

"Anatomical terminology"
referred to as the ""thorax"" and ""abdomen"". The back as a general area is the dorsum or dorsal area, and the lower back is the lumbus or lumbar region. The shoulder blades are the scapular area and the breastbone is the sternal region. The abdominal area is the region between the chest and the pelvis. The breast is also called the mammary region, the armpit as the axilla and axillary, and the navel as the umbilicus and umbilical. The pelvis is the lower torso, between the abdomen and the thighs. The groin, where the thigh joins the trunk, are the

Torso
and lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Some organs also receive a nerve supply from the vagus nerve. The sensation to the skin is provided by: Torso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down

Crotch
Crotch In humans, the crotch is the bottom of the pelvis, the region of the body where the legs join the torso, and is often considered to include the groin and genitals. ""Crotch"" is derived from ""crutch""; it ""was first used in 1539 to refer to a forked stick used as a farm implement."" This region of the body is also described with other terms such as ""groin"" or the lower ventral area. The human crotch has been depicted in artwork. In Paleolithic art, forms called tectiforms or quadrilaterals have sometimes been interpreted to be ""quick visual guides, reminders to

Torso
anus, from which fecal wastes are egested; the rectum, which stores feces; the gallbladder, which stores and concentrates bile; the kidneys, which produce urine, the ureters, which pass it to the bladder for storage; and the urethra, which excretes urine and in a male passes sperm through the seminal vesicles. Finally, the pelvic region houses both the male and female reproductive organs. The torso also harbours many of the main groups of muscles in the body, including the: The organs, muscles, and other contents of the torso are supplied by nerves, which mainly originate as nerve roots from the thoracic

Thorax
Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ ""thorax"" ""breastplate, cuirass, corslet"" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along

"Surface anatomy"
called the mamma or mammary, the armpit as the axilla and axillary, and the navel as the umbilicus and umbilical. The pelvis is the lower torso, between the abdomen and the thighs. The groin, where the thigh joins the trunk, are the inguen and inguinal area. The entire arm is referred to as the brachium and brachial, the front of the elbow as the antecubitis and antecubital, the back of the elbow as the olecranon or olecranal, the forearm as the antebrachium and antebrachial, the wrist as the carpus and carpal area, the hand as the manus and manual, the

Thorax
cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees. Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ ""thorax"" ""breastplate, cuirass, corslet"" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the

"7th Heaven (TV series)"
Spelling Television (later produced by CBS Paramount Network Television for the eleventh and final season) before it was shut down and became an in-name-only unit of CBS Television Studios. The series follows the Reverend Eric Camden—a Protestant minister living in the fictional town of Glenoak, California—as well as Eric's wife Annie and their seven children. Except for Lucy, the children are all named after key biblical figures. Originally, there are five children (making it a family of seven). The twins are born in season three, in the episode ""In Praise of Women"". Four of the children, Matt, Mary, Lucy, and

to a full twenty-two episodes. Along with the show's unexpected and last-minute renewal came some changes. The show's already-low budget was moderately trimmed, forcing cuts in the salaries of some cast members and shortened taping schedules (seven days per episode instead of the typical eight). David Gallagher, who played Simon, chose not to return as a regular. Furthermore, Mackenzie Rosman, who played youngest daughter Ruthie, did not appear in the first six episodes. Catherine Hicks missed three episodes in Season 11, as another cost-cutting move. Additionally, George Stults was absent for a few episodes at the beginning of season 11.

"Nicholas Braun"
in the HBO series ""Succession"". Nicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role in the HBO series ""Succession"" (2018). He has appeared in several films, including ""Sky High"" (2005), ""Princess Protection Program"" (2009), ""Red State"" (2011), ""Prom"" (2011), ""The Perks of Being a Wallflower"" (2012), ""Date and Switch"" (2014), and ""How to Be Single"" (2016). Braun was born in Bethpage, New York, the son of Elizabeth Lyle and actor Craig Braun (born 1939). He has a brother, musician Christopher Deyo Braun, and half-brothers, actor Guillaume Rumiel

"Seven in Heaven"
Seven in Heaven Seven in Heaven is a 2018 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Chris Eigeman. It stars Travis Tope and Haley Ramm. Jason Blum is serving as a producer through his Blumhouse Productions banner. The film was released on October 5, 2018 by Universal Pictures and Netflix. Quiet and nerdy Jude attends a party at his friend David's home with his friend Kent. He spends the time waiting for his girlfriend Nell and being bullied by Derek and June. Bored, he and Kent wander the empty house. In the master bedroom closet he finds a deck

"Stephen Collins"
1994. Stephen Collins was born on October 1, 1947, in Des Moines, Iowa, to mother Madeleine (née Robertson) and father Cyrus Stickney Collins, an airline executive. Collins was raised with his two older brothers in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, and attended Amherst College in Massachusetts, graduating ""cum laude."" While at Amherst, he played bass and rhythm guitar in a number of rock and roll bands. Collins is known for his role as Eric Camden in the television drama series ""7th Heaven"" during the series' run from 1996 to 2007 and for his role as Commander Willard Decker in ""."" His other

"Jessica Biel"
Jessica Biel Jessica Claire Timberlake (née Biel ; born March 3, 1982) is an American actress, model, producer and singer. Biel began her career as a vocalist appearing in musical productions until she was cast as Mary Camden in the family-drama series ""7th Heaven"", for which she achieved recognition. The series is the longest-running series that aired on The WB channel and the longest-running family drama in television history. In 2017, she was the executive producer of and starred in USA Network's limited drama series ""The Sinner"", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Miniseries

"Frank Borzage"
Frank Borzage Frank Borzage (; April 23, 1894 – June 19, 1962) was an American film director and actor, most remembered for directing ""7th Heaven"" (1927), ""Street Angel"" (1928), ""Man's Castle"" (1933), and ""The Mortal Storm"" (1940). Frank Borzage's father, Luigi Borzaga, was born in Ronzone (then Austrian Empire, now Italy) in 1859. As a stonemason, he sometimes worked in Switzerland; he met his future wife, Maria Ruegg (1860, , Switzerland1947, Los Angeles), where she worked in a silk factory. Borzaga emigrated to Hazleton, Pennsylvania in the early 1880s where he worked as a coal miner. He brought his fiancée

Nicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role in the HBO series ""Succession"" (2018). He has appeared in several films, including ""Sky High"" (2005), ""Princess Protection Program"" (2009), ""Red State"" (2011), ""Prom"" (2011), ""The Perks of Being a Wallflower"" (2012), ""Date and Switch"" (2014), and ""How to Be Single"" (2016). Braun was born in Bethpage, New York, the son of Elizabeth Lyle and actor Craig Braun (born 1939). He has a brother, musician Christopher Deyo Braun, and half-brothers, actor Guillaume Rumiel and producer Timothy Braun. In

"Sage Stallone"
Sage Stallone Sage Moonblood Stallone (born May 5, 1976; body found July 13, 2012) was an American actor, film director, film producer, and film distributor. He was the eldest son of Sylvester Stallone. Sage Stallone was born in Los Angeles, California, the elder son of Sasha Czack and actor Sylvester Stallone. He was the brother of Seargeoh Stallone, and half-brother of Sistine, Sophia, and Scarlet Stallone. He was a nephew of actor and singer Frank Stallone, and grandson of Jackie Stallone. His stepmother was model and entrepreneur Jennifer Flavin. Stallone attended Montclair College Preparatory School in Van Nuys, California, where

"Alfonso Freeman"
actor and gospel singer. Alfonso first married Cynthia Gafford in 1982 and fathered three sons: Alfonso Rene II, Joshua Caleb and Donovan Lee. He and his wife divorced in 1989. He remarried in 1994 to Larcenia Letice. Alfonso Freeman Alfonso Rene Freeman (born September 13, 1959) is an American actor. He has appeared in such films as ""The Shawshank Redemption"", ""Seven"", ""Nurse Betty"", ""Ten 'til Noon"" and ""The Bucket List"". Freeman was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of actor Morgan Freeman and Loletha Adkins (née Polk). He attended the Marion Anderson Elementary School, Ralph J. Bunche and Benjamin

"From Dusk till Dawn: The Series"
that I did in the past with Quentin Tarantino and one that people still ask us about today."" He added, ""There was so much I wanted to explore in that movie that I didn't get to. And I delved a little deeper into Mesoamerican mythologies and Aztec and Mayan mythologies and where a vampire culture could have existed back then and found fascinating stuff."" In Australia, the series premiered on SBS 2 on July 1, 2014. In the UK, the series has been broadcast on Spike since January 4, 2016, as ""From Dusk Till Dawn"". ""From Dusk till Dawn"" has

"Television in the United States"
a pilot being ordered or already produced. The standard broadcast television season in the United States consists of 22 episodes (which are typically broadcast over a period of nine months from September to May, depending on the date on which the program begins its season), although prior to the 1970s, a single season of a weekly television program consisted of as many as 40 episodes, with few breaks in the show's airing schedule. Sitcoms may have 24 or more; animated programs may have more (or fewer) episodes (some are broken up into two 11-minute shorts, often with separate self-contained storylines,

"Television show"
rebroadcast during the spring (or summer) season, from April through August. Because of cable television and the Nielsen sweeps, the ""fall"" season now normally extends to May. Thus, a ""full season"" on a broadcast network now usually runs from September through May for at least 22 episodes. A full season is sometimes split into two separate units with a hiatus around the end of the calendar year, such as the first season of ""Jericho"" on CBS. When this split occurs, the last half of the episodes sometimes are referred to with the letter B as in ""The last nine episodes

between 29 and 39 episodes per season. Actual storytelling time within a commercial television hour has also gradually reduced over the years, from 50 minutes out of every 60 to the current 44 (and even less on some networks), beginning in the early 21st century. The usage of ""season"" and ""series"" differ for DVD and Blu-ray releases in both Australia and the UK. In Australia, many locally produced shows are termed differently on home video releases. For example, a set of the television drama series ""Packed to the Rafters"" or ""Wentworth"" is referred to as ""season"" (""The Complete First Season"",

channel BBC Radio 4 Extra. In the United States, it airs on nearly 200 radio stations including many large stations like WCCO-Minneapolis, KSL-Salt Lake City, KOA-Denver and WIND-Chicago. All of the stations and airtimes are available at the series official website. It also airs regularly on XM satellite radio channel 163 and Sirius channel 117, Sirius XM Book Radio. Most of the stations air two episodes each week, usually on the weekends and many times back to back. The sound mix is produced in the Cerny Sound-to-Picture studio at Cerny American Creative in Chicago. The sound engineers that work on

"All Night (TV series)"
come true."" On August 24, 2017, it was announced that Hulu had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten half-hour episodes. The series was created by Jason Ubaldi who is set to executive produce alongside Brian Dannelly, Shelley Zimmerman, Jordan Levin, Brett Bouttier, and Joe Davola. The series marks Hulu's second collaboration with AwesomenessTV after the 2016 series, ""Freakish"". On April 22, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on May 11, 2018. Alongside the initial series announcement, it was confirmed that show's large ensemble cast would include Chris Avila, Brec Bassinger,

all the writers have been used, episode assignment starts again with the first writer. On other shows, however, the writers work as a team. Sometimes they develop story ideas individually, and pitch them to the show's creator, who folds them together into a script and rewrites them. If the show is picked up, the network orders a ""run"" of episodes—usually only six or 13 episodes at first, though a season typically consists of at least 22 episodes. The midseason seven and last nine episodes are sometimes called the ""mid-seven"" and ""back nine""—borrowing the colloquial terms from bowling and golf. The

Season
nine days, but astronomers directed that ten days be removed. Currently, the most common equinox and solstice dates are March 20, June 21, September 22 or 23 and December 21; the four-year average slowly shifts to earlier times as the century progresses. This shift is a full day in about 128 years (compensated mainly by the century ""leap year"" rules of the Gregorian calendar) and as 2000 was a leap year the current shift has been progressing since the beginning of the last century, when equinoxes and solstices were relatively late. This also means that in many years of the

"The Lion King"
as the new king, allowing his three hyena minions and the rest of their large pack to live in the Pride Lands. Simba collapses in a desert and is rescued by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, who are fellow outcasts. Simba grows up in the jungle with his two new friends, living a carefree life under the motto ""hakuna matata"" (""no worries"" in Swahili). Now a young adult, Simba rescues Timon and Pumbaa from a hungry lioness, who turns out to be Nala. She and Simba reunite and fall in love, and she urges him to return home,

"Kimba the White Lion"
professional hunter, Ham Egg (Viper Snakely in the English dub), is called in to stop these raids. He avoids directly attacking Panja. Instead, he records the sounds of Panja and uses them to trap his pregnant mate, Eliza, who then becomes bait in a trap for Panja. Panja is killed for his hide (but not before asking Eliza to name their child Leo), and Eliza is put on a ship, destined for a zoo. Leo (Kimba in the English dub) is born on the boat. Eliza teaches him his father's ideals. As a huge tropical storm nears, she urges her

son named Kion, who serves as the protagonist of ""The Lion Guard"" Nala is the most significant female character in ""The Lion King"". As the film was inspired by William Shakespeare's tragedy ""Hamlet"", Nala is considered to be ""The Lion King""'s equivalent of Hamlet's love interest Ophelia, although differences remain between the two characters. Many early concepts first developed for Nala were eventually abandoned, including a brother and father for the character, as well as her being romantically pursued by Scar. While critical reception towards Nala has been generally mixed, Kelly's vocal performance has been praised. Nala appears in the

in ""The Lion King"" (1994) as the daughter of Sarafina and the best friend of Simba, who she often accompanies on his adventures throughout the Pride Lands. Simba invites Nala to visit the forbidden Elephant Graveyard with him, despite his father Mufasa's orders. The cubs are soon ambushed by Shenzi, Banzai and Ed, a trio of hyenas chosen by Simba's treacherous uncle Scar to kill Simba in order to improve his own chances of becoming king, but are ultimately rescued by Mufasa. The following day, however, Nala is devastated to learn from Scar that both Simba and Mufasa have perished

For the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable. Thus his role was changed into a female hyena, Shenzi, who was voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. Matthew Broderick was cast as adult Simba early during production, and during the three years of voice acting only recorded with another actor once, and only discovered Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the premiere. English actors Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar, however, Curry left the role due to """", and it was

king. He tricks Simba and his best friend Nala—to whom Simba is betrothed—into exploring a forbidden elephants' graveyard, where they are attacked by three spotted hyenas, Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed, who are in league with Scar. Mufasa is alerted about the incident by his majordomo, the hornbill Zazu, and rescues the cubs. Though upset with Simba, Mufasa forgives him and explains that the great kings of the past watch over them from the night sky, from which he will one day watch over Simba. Scar sets a trap for his brother and nephew, luring Simba into a gorge and having

nephew, but Simba manages to toss him from the top of the rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked and killed by the hyenas, who overheard his attempt to betray them. Afterwards, Simba takes over the kingship as rain begins to fall. Later, with Pride Rock restored to its usual state, Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the assembled animals, continuing the circle of life. The idea for ""The Lion King"" was conceived in late 1988 during a conversation between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider on a plane to Europe to promote ""Oliver &

also ranked Nala eighth on the website's ""Definitive Ranking of Disney Cats"" list. In a 2014 interview, actor Eddie Redmayne admitted that Nala was his first ""celebrity crush"", having been specifically attracted to the character's ""sweet"" face and singing voice, referring to the experience as his ""sexual awakening"". Nala (The Lion King) Nala is a fictional character who appears in Disney's ""The"" ""Lion King"" franchise. Introduced in the animated film ""The Lion King"" in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels """" (1998) and ""The Lion King 1½"" (2004), and serves as a recurring

a bit more immature and in need of multiple characters propelling him into responsible/rightful action."" Nala is also a more skilled fighter than Simba, proven by the character's ability to overwhelm him in battle, which is reminiscent ""of the physical power of lionesses in the real nature."" However, as strong as she is, Nala has little impact elsewhere; author Brian K. Pennington wrote in his book ""Teaching Religion and Violence"" that ""Nala's assertions of gender equality are clearly groundless, since only a male lion can stop Scar."" ""New York""'s David Denbey dismissed Nala's athleticism as nothing more than Disney's attempt

"Proclamation No. 1081"
of China, and that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai pledged to stop supporting the Philippine communist rebels. The government subsequently captured NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno in 1976 and Jose Maria Sison in 1977. The Washington Post in an interview with former Philippine Communist Party Officials, revealed that, ""they (local communist party officials) wound up languishing in China for 10 years as unwilling ""guests"" of the (Chinese) government, feuding bitterly among themselves and with the party leadership in the Philippines"". President Marcos formally lifted Martial Law on 17 January 1981, several weeks before the first pastoral

"Martial law in the Philippines"
""guests"" of the (Chinese) government, feuding bitterly among themselves and with the party leadership in the Philippines"". Martial law was lifted by President Marcos on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation 2045, and he continued to rule the country until 1986 when he went to exile after the People Power Revolution. On December 4, 2009, through Proclamation No. 1959, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo officially placed Maguindanao province under a state of martial law, thereby suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita said the step was taken in order to avert the escalation of ""lawless"" violence

"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos"
For most of the Philippines, therefore, martial law was thus properly implemented when it was announced on the evening of September 23, 1972. The implementation of martial law began sometime before midnight on September 22, with the arrest of Benigno Aquino Jr.. By dawn of the following day, 1973, many of the 400 individuals listed on the Military's priority arrest list - journalists, members of the political opposition, constitutional convention delegates, outspoken lawyers, teachers, and students - had been detained. Media outlets were shuttered, although those linked with Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto were allowed to reopen within the day. Soon

Ponce Enrile. Six hours after the alleged assassination attempt against Enrile and citing more than 15 bombing incidences, chaos and lawlessness, Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081, declaring and imposing martial law in the entire country. By declaring martial law, Marcos suspended the writ of habeas corpus and also the 1935 Constitution, dissolved Congress and padlocked the doors to the Batasang Pambansa, and assuming both legislative and executive powers. Proclamation No. 1081 was dated 21 September 1972 but it was actually signed on 17 September. The formal announcement or promulgation of the proclamation was made only at seven-thirty in the evening

"Proclamation No. 216"
of Marawi, stating that six soldiers looted stole jewelries and cash from houses in the city. Proclamation No. 216 Proclamation No. 216 is the 2017 proclamation of martial law and suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao, issued by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on May 23, 2017. At 10:00 p.m. PST () on May 23, 2017, amid a Maute Group-related escalation of conflicts in Mindanao as well as recent clashes in Marawi between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Islamist group, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed the whole of Mindanao,

Proclamation No. 216 Proclamation No. 216 is the 2017 proclamation of martial law and suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao, issued by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on May 23, 2017. At 10:00 p.m. PST () on May 23, 2017, amid a Maute Group-related escalation of conflicts in Mindanao as well as recent clashes in Marawi between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Islamist group, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed the whole of Mindanao, including Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi, under martial law. The proclamation was announced during a press briefing

"Martial law"
On 4 December 2009, President Arroyo officially placed the Province of Maguindanao under a state of martial law through Proclamation № 1959. As with the last imposition, the declaration suspended the writ of habeas corpus in the province. The announcement came days after hundreds of government troops were sent to the province to raid the armories of the powerful Ampatuan clan. The Ampatuans were implicated in the massacre of 58 persons, including women from the rival Mangudadatu clan, human rights lawyers, and 31 media workers. Cited as one of the bloodiest incidents of political violence in Philippine history, the massacre

Proclamation No. 1081 Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on 23 September 1972. The proclamation marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming Martial Law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution in February 1986.

return. Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in

Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in which

"Degrees of freedom (mechanics)"
body, and is described as: See also Euler angles The trajectory of an airplane in flight has three degrees of freedom and its attitude along the trajectory has three degrees of freedom, for a total of six degrees of freedom. The mobility formula counts the number of parameters that define the configuration of a set of rigid bodies that are constrained by joints connecting these bodies. Consider a system of ""n"" rigid bodies moving in space has 6""n"" degrees of freedom measured relative to a fixed frame. In order to count the degrees of freedom of this system, include the

pose, but at any point, you can move it only by a forward motion and a steering angle. So it has two control DOFs and three representational DOFs; i.e. it is non-holonomic. A fixed-wing aircraft, with 3–4 control DOFs (forward motion, roll, pitch, and to a limited extent, yaw) in a 3-D space, is also non-holonomic, as it cannot move directly up/down or left/right. A summary of formulas and methods for computing the degrees-of-freedom in mechanical systems has been given by Pennestri, Cavacece, and Vita. In electrical engineering ""degrees of freedom"" is often used to describe the number of directions

has only one degree of freedom because the positions of the cars behind the engine are constrained by the shape of the track. An automobile with highly stiff suspension can be considered to be a rigid body traveling on a plane (a flat, two-dimensional space). This body has three independent degrees of freedom consisting of two components of translation and one angle of rotation. Skidding or drifting is a good example of an automobile's three independent degrees of freedom. The position and orientation of a rigid body in space is defined by three components of translation and three components of

Freedom
aeroplane can also climb and sideslip, giving it six degrees of freedom. Degrees of freedom in mechanics describes the number of independent motions that are allowed to a body, or, in case of a mechanism made of several bodies, the number of possible independent relative motions between the pieces of the mechanism. In the study of complex motor control, there may be so many degrees of freedom that a given action can be achieved in different ways by combining movements with different degrees of freedom. This issue is sometimes called the degrees of freedom problem. In mathematics freedom is the

two (cylindrical). Such chains occur commonly in robotics, biomechanics, and for satellites and other space structures. A human arm is considered to have seven DOFs. A shoulder gives pitch, yaw, and roll, an elbow allows for pitch, and a wrist allows for pitch,yaw and roll . Only 3 of those movements would be necessary to move the hand to any point in space, but people would lack the ability to grasp things from different angles or directions. A robot (or object) that has mechanisms to control all 6 physical DOF is said to be holonomic. An object with fewer controllable

"Flight control modes"
limited for each configuration as a function of the current aircraft centre of gravity. This aims to create a compromise between adequate pitch control with a forward C.G. and not-too-sensitive control with an aft C.G. DIR is entered if there is failure of three inertial reference units or the primary flight computers, faults in two elevators, or flame-out in two engines (on a two-engine aircraft) when the captain's primary flight computer is also inoperable. In the ""mechanical law"" back-up mode, pitch is controlled by the mechanical trim system and lateral direction is controlled by the rudder pedals operating the rudder

"Aircraft dynamic modes"
origin of the name is unclear. The Dutch roll may be described as a yaw and roll to the right, followed by a recovery towards the equilibrium condition, then an overshooting of this condition and a yaw and roll to the left, then back past the equilibrium attitude, and so on. The period is usually on the order of 3–15 seconds, but it can vary from a few seconds for light aircraft to a minute or more for airliners. Damping is increased by large directional stability and small dihedral and decreased by small directional stability and large dihedral. Although usually

"Six degrees of freedom"
Six degrees of freedom Six degrees of freedom (6DoF) refers to the freedom of movement of a rigid body in three-dimensional space. Specifically, the body is free to change position as forward/backward (surge), up/down (heave), left/right (sway) translation in three perpendicular axes, combined with changes in orientation through rotation about three perpendicular axes, often termed yaw (normal axis), pitch (transverse axis), and roll (longitudinal axis). Serial and parallel manipulator systems are generally designed to position an end-effector with six degrees of freedom, consisting of three in translation and three in orientation. This provides a direct relationship between actuator positions and

"Free flight (model aircraft)"
designed purely to fly for as long as possible. These models are timed with a stopwatch. The FAI is the international organising body for all air sports worldwide, including aeromodelling. The FAI sanctions World and European Championships for the ultimate indoor duration class designated F1D. F1D models must have a minimum weight of 1.4 grams and a maximum wing span of 55 cm. These models are constructed from very light balsawood sheet and strip, boron filament, carbon fibre, and a transparent covering of plastic film less than 0.5 micrometres thick. The models are powered by 0.4 grams of rubber in

surfaces of the aircraft and from the pilots aircraft control devices and autopilot. Information from these computers is sent both to the pilot's primary flight display and also to the control surfaces. There are four named flight control laws, however ""alternate law"" consists of two modes, ""alternate law 1"" and ""alternate law 2"". Each of these modes have different sub modes: ground mode, flight mode and flare, plus a back-up ""mechanical law"". ""Normal law"" differs depending on the stage of flight. These include: During the transition from take-off to cruise there is a 5-second transition, from descent to flare there

"2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull"
the caldera of a volcano high, which has erupted relatively frequently since the last ice age. The most recent major eruptions occurred in 920, 1612, and from 1821 to 1823. Previous eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull have been followed by eruptions at its larger neighbour, Katla. On 20 April 2010 Icelandic President Ólafur Grímsson said, ""the time for Katla to erupt is coming close ... we [Iceland] have prepared ... it is high time for European governments and airline authorities all over the world to start planning for the eventual Katla eruption"". The volcanic events starting in March 2010 were considered to

"Iceland hotspot"
Iceland hotspot The Iceland hotspot is a hotspot which is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the island of Iceland. Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world, with eruptions occurring on average roughly every three years (in the 20th century there were 39 volcanic eruptions on and around Iceland). About a third of the basaltic lavas erupted in recorded history have been produced by Icelandic eruptions. Notable eruptions have included that of Eldgjá, a fissure of Katla, in 934 (the world's largest basaltic eruption ever witnessed), Laki in 1783 (the world's

2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland which, although relatively small for volcanic eruptions, caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010. Additional localised disruption continued into May 2010. The eruption was declared officially over in October 2010, when snow on the glacier did not melt. From 14–20 April, ash from the volcanic eruption covered large areas of Northern Europe. About 20 countries closed their airspace to commercial jet traffic and it affected approximately 10 million travellers. Seismic

eruption lasted eight days, from 7 – 15 June of that year, with an ash cloud that would have required additional days to dissipate, and resulted in worldwide abnormal weather and decrease in global temperature over the next few years. However, the second phase of Eyjafjallajökull's eruption lasted longer than that of Mount Pinatubo. 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland which, although relatively small for volcanic eruptions, caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010. Additional localised

short hiatus in eruptive activity, a new set of craters opened early in the morning of 14 April 2010 under the volcano's ice-covered central summit caldera. Prior to this event, a large increase in seismic activity was detected between 23:00 on 13 April and 1:00 on 14 April. The earthquake swarm was followed by the onset of a seismic eruption tremor. Meltwater started to emanate from the ice cap around 07:00 on 14 April and an eruption plume was observed in the early morning. Visual observations were greatly restricted due to cloud cover over the volcano, but an aeroplane of

crustal expansion according to many seismometers and GPS recorders situated in nearby areas. Geophysicist Magnús Tumi Einarsson said (at a press meeting in Hvolsvöllur on 21 March) that this eruption was small compared to, for example, the eruption of Hekla in 2000. The eruption, rather than taking place under the ice cap of the glacier, occurred in the mountain pass between the Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull glaciers. As long as the fissure was not near the glacier, the risk of flooding was minimal; however, the fissure could extend into the ice cap, thereby greatly increasing the risk of flooding. After a

Eldfell
volcano will be covered by grass, as neighbouring Helgafell is. Eldfell is one of the best known volcanic eruptions in the world. Eldfell Eldfell is a volcanic cone just over high on the Icelandic island of Heimaey. It formed in a volcanic eruption, which began without warning on the eastern side of Heimaey, in the Westman Islands, on 23 January 1973. The name means ""Hill of Fire"" in Icelandic. The eruption caused a major crisis for the island and nearly led to its permanent evacuation. Volcanic ash fell over most of the island, destroying around 400 homes, and a lava

"Volcanology of Iceland"
Volcanology of Iceland The volcanoes of Iceland include a high concentration of active ones due to Iceland's location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and its location over a hot spot. The island has 30 active volcanic systems, of which 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in AD 874. Of these 30 active volcanic systems, the most active/volatile is Grímsvötn. Over the past 500 years, Iceland's volcanoes have erupted a third of the total global lava output. The most fatal volcanic eruption of Iceland's history was the so-called Skaftáreldar (fires of Skaftá) in 1783-84. The

This was the highest plume since the eruption started. On 23 March, a small vapour explosion took place, when hot magma came into contact with nearby snowdrifts, emitting a huge vapour plume which reached an altitude of , and was detected on radar from the Meteorological Institute of Iceland. Since then, many vapour explosions have taken place. By 26 February 2010, the global positioning system (GPS) equipment used by the Iceland Meteorological Office at Þorvaldseyri farm in the Eyjafjöll area (around south-east of the location of the recent eruption) had shown 3 cm of displacement of the local crust in

deal effectively with the eruption and subsequently published a detailed report about its actions and conclusions. At the mouth of the crater, the gases, ejecta, and volcanic plume have created a rare weather phenomenon known as volcanic lightning (or a ""dirty thunderstorm""). When rocks and other ejecta collide with one another, they create static electricity. This, with the abundant water-ice at the summit, aids in making lightning. High-fluoride Hekla eruptions pose a threat to foraging livestock, especially sheep. Fluoride poisoning can start in sheep at a diet with fluorine content of 25 ppm. At 250 ppm, death can occur within

"Summer of the Monkeys"
Summer of the Monkeys Summer of the Monkeys is a 1976 children's story written by Wilson Rawls. It was published by Doubleday (later released by Yearling Books) and was the winner of the William Allen White Book Award and the California Young Reader Medal. The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much

subsidiary of Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc. Summer of the Monkeys Summer of the Monkeys is a 1976 children's story written by Wilson Rawls. It was published by Doubleday (later released by Yearling Books) and was the winner of the William Allen White Book Award and the California Young Reader Medal. The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has

1998 American family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson and stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee, a young boy who discovers circus monkeys living in the forest near his home. The movie also stars Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents, as well as Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. The book was made into the movie in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998 and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a

"Summer of the Monkeys (film)"
points."" Summer of the Monkeys (film) Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American/Canadian family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson based on the children's novel ""Summer of the Monkeys"" by Wilson Rawls. It stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee and Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents. It also stars Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. In the summer of the early 20th century, a group of circus monkeys escape from a circus and end up in the Oklahoma river bottoms, where the main character, Jay Berry Lee lives with his family. Weeks later, 14-year-old

place in rural Canada and featured Heritage Park Historical Village 0-6-0 Steam Locomotive #2024 as the Circus train. It was built by Lima Locomotive Works in 1944 and originally US Army Locomotive #4076. Shots of the park's town were also used for town scenes. Common Sense Media gave the movie 4/5 stars. It gained an 8+ rating, stating ""adventurous family drama is okay for older kids.""<br> In a negative review, Leonard Kladley of ""Variety.com"" wrote, ""While the sentiments are noble, the storytelling is banal and predictable. Script by Greg Taylor and Jim Strain is cookie-cutter clean and shamelessly telegraphs its

Summer of the Monkeys (film) Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American/Canadian family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson based on the children's novel ""Summer of the Monkeys"" by Wilson Rawls. It stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee and Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents. It also stars Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. In the summer of the early 20th century, a group of circus monkeys escape from a circus and end up in the Oklahoma river bottoms, where the main character, Jay Berry Lee lives with his family. Weeks later, 14-year-old Jay

and gives Daisy a horseback ride. Jay notices his father making a horse stall for Annie and tells him not to, explaining that the $85 will instead pay for Daisy's operation. Daisy overhears, and gives Jay a hug. Jay then walks Annie back to the ranch. The book was adapted into a film in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998, and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a subsidiary of Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc. It takes

their parents forbid her physical activity. The next morning, Jay arrives at his Grandpa Sam Ferrans' general store looking for a job. On the way there, his dog Rowdy goes to explore the forbidden river bottoms. Jay hears monkeys screeching in the distance and after visiting the store, he discovers the monkeys camping on the drunk Bayliss Hatcher's property. Jay tells Daisy his discovery, but she doesn't believe him. Jay returns to his grandfather's store and finds a wanted poster of the monkeys, paired with a bounty of $85. Toby and two other bullies also find the poster and set

effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, ""Jimbo"", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process. Under

the monkey's mess, punish Jay from working at Sam's store for the next two weeks. The next day, Jay runs back to the river bottoms to get revenge on the monkeys. He finds a box of ashes and runs to Bayliss' cabin to make a deal with him about the monkeys. Bayliss finds out that he set the bear trap and gets angry. Sam finds Jay and decides to take him to Ridgewell to research the monkeys. Jay's parents are reluctant as Jay has been disobedient, but Sam tells Mrs. Lee about when he didn't let her go to the

"Love & Basketball"
Magic Johnson's number: 32. Quincy wanted to be like his father and play for the Clippers, wearing number 22. However, Monica has to work hard to establish herself, while Quincy was born with natural star potential. As the two struggle to reach their goals of playing professionally, they must also deal with their emotions for each other. The film spans roughly thirteen years of friendship between childhood sweethearts Monica Wright and Quincy McCall. The first quarter of the story begins in 1981, when Monica (played as a youth by Kyla Pratt) and her family moved to Los Angeles from Atlanta,

as more and more female admirers, Monica struggles for playing time, being the backup to USC's senior guard, Sidra O'Neal. To make matters worse, she falls on the bad side of the head coach, Ellie Davis. She reprimands Monica both for showing off and for her lack of defense. Her relationship with Quincy becomes more and more strained. Meanwhile, Quincy struggles to deal with the media attention surrounding his father, who is trying to convince Quincy to finish college first before going pro, and a paternity suit against him from a former lover. Quincy feels betrayed by his father for

find a role with his new team, the Los Angeles Lakers. The moment he finally finds some playing time, he injures himself landing awkwardly after a slam-dunk and tearing his ACL. His family rushes to the hospital to be with him, but his now divorced parents still have bad blood when they see each other. After Monica hears about Quincy's injury, she flies home to see him. Monica goes to the hospital to visit Quincy, and is stunned to hear of Quincy's engagement and to meet his fiancée (Tyra Banks). After her meeting with Quincy, Monica soon realizes that her

Love & Basketball Love & Basketball is a 2000 American romantic drama film starring Sanaa Lathan and Omar Epps. The film tells the story of Quincy McCall (Epps) and Monica Wright (Lathan), two next-door neighbors in Los Angeles, California who are pursuing their basketball careers before eventually falling for each other. The film was produced by 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, and marks the directorial debut of screenwriter Gina Prince-Bythewood. Monica (Sanaa Lathan) and Quincy (Omar Epps) have wanted to be professional basketball stars since they were kids. Monica wanted to play for the Los Angeles Lakers and wear

all-time for a basketball film and thirty-seventh all-time for a sports drama. The film grossed $27,728,118 worldwide; $268,503 (1%) was grossed outside of the United States. | 2001 | rowspan=""6"" | 2001 | 2000 | 2000 | 2001 | rowspan=""5"" | 2001 Love & Basketball Love & Basketball is a 2000 American romantic drama film starring Sanaa Lathan and Omar Epps. The film tells the story of Quincy McCall (Epps) and Monica Wright (Lathan), two next-door neighbors in Los Angeles, California who are pursuing their basketball careers before eventually falling for each other. The film was produced by 40 Acres

"Jodie Fisher"
Jodie Fisher Jodie Lin Fisher (born July 17, 1969) is an American actress whose acting credits include ""NCIS: Los Angeles"", ""Star Trek"", and ""Little Big League"" as well as the reality TV series Age of Love. Jodie Fisher was born in Dallas, Texas, and is of Scandinavian and Irish ancestry. She graduated from Texas Tech University with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Dean's List. Fisher has appeared as a lead actress in television and movie roles, including a 2011 episode of the television series """". After her sexual harassment claim which resulted in the resignation of then Hewlett-Packard

"Dana Davis"
""The O.C."", ""Gilmore Girls"", ""Point Pleasant"", ""Pushing Daisies"", and ""Hidden Palms"". In July 2007, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that Davis would be joining the second season of the TV series ""Heroes"", as Monica Dawson, who was described as a ""young hero"" willing to ""give up everything to help the people around her"". The character is the niece of D.L. Hawkins and first cousin of Micah Sanders. She has the power of muscle mimicry, meaning she can master instantly any physical skill she witnesses. Davis played the role of Peyton in the hit film ""Coach Carter"" (2005) alongside Ashanti. She also

"Monica Geller"
minutes and forty-six seconds apart. Although the surprise addition of Monica and Chandler's twins was generally well received, critics questioned the fact that the babies are brought home from the hospital the same day as their delivery Monica is portrayed by American actress Courteney Cox. Crane and Kauffman had originally written the role of Monica for comedian Janeane Garofalo, their first choice, because they were attracted to her ""edgier and snarkier"" voice. However, Garofalo ultimately turned down the offer. Actress Jami Gertz was also offered the role but declined, while actress Leah Remini auditioned for Monica before ultimately being cast

irregularities. She is divorced from Francis Coady and has one child. Jodie Fisher Jodie Lin Fisher (born July 17, 1969) is an American actress whose acting credits include ""NCIS: Los Angeles"", ""Star Trek"", and ""Little Big League"" as well as the reality TV series Age of Love. Jodie Fisher was born in Dallas, Texas, and is of Scandinavian and Irish ancestry. She graduated from Texas Tech University with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Dean's List. Fisher has appeared as a lead actress in television and movie roles, including a 2011 episode of the television series """". After her

"RoseMarie Reyes"
RoseMarie Reyes RoseMarie Reyes (born January 13, 1986) is an American print model and actress. Reyes is of Dominican descent and grew up in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The older of two children, her first language is Spanish. She graduated in 2004 from Washington Irving High School in Manhattan. Reyes always had a passion for Entertainment and Arts. Discovered while shopping, Reyes started her career at the age of eighteen and quickly became a popular model within the urban industry. Reyes appeared in numerous hip hop music videos, and on the album cover of Raheem DeVaughn - The Love Experience. Commercial work

in the texas legislature the house has members and the senate has

"Texas House of Representatives"
Texas House of Representatives The Texas House of Representatives () is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature. It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms. As of the 2010 Census, each member represents about 167,637 people. There are no term limits, with the most senior member, Tom Craddick, having been elected in 1968. The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin. The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer and highest-ranking member of the House. The Speaker's duties include maintaining order within the House, recognizing members during debate, ruling on

"Texas Legislature"
of Texas since Texas's 1845 entrance into the Union. The Legislature held its first regular session from February 16 to May 13, 1846. The Texas Legislature meets in regular session on the second Tuesday in January of each odd-numbered year. The Texas Constitution limits the regular session to 140 calendar days. The lieutenant governor, elected statewide separately from the governor, presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body by its members. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state.

"Texas Senate"
Texas Senate The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 806,000 per constituency, based on the 2010 U.S. Census. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. Elections are held in even-numbered years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. In elections in years ending in 2, all seats are up for election. Half of the senators will serve a two-year term, based on a drawing; the other half

"Government of Texas"
agencies and is published yearly by the Secretary of State. The ""Texas Register"" contains proposed rules, notices, executive orders, and other information of general use to the public and is published weekly by the Secretary of State. The Texas Legislature is bicameral. The Texas House of Representatives has 150 members, while the Texas Senate has 31. The Speaker of the House presides over the House, and the Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate. It is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government

Texas
branches split between parties and reduced the ability of the governor to carry out a program. When Republican President George W. Bush served as Texas's governor, the state had a Democratic lieutenant governor, Bob Bullock. The executive branch positions consist of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Land Commissioner, Attorney General, Agriculture Commissioner, the three-member Texas Railroad Commission, the State Board of Education, and the Secretary of State. The bicameral Texas Legislature consists of the House of Representatives, with 150 members, and a Senate, with 31 members. The Speaker of the House leads the House, and the lieutenant

will fill regular four-year terms. In the case of the latter, they or their successors will be up for two-year terms in the next year that ends in 0. As such, in other elections, about half of the Texas Senate is on the ballot. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 21 Republicans and 10 Democrats, as of September 18, 2018. It the first time the Senate has had 21 Republican senators in the history of Texas. The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President

Texas Legislature The Legislature of the state of Texas is the state legislature of Texas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of a 31-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. The state legislature meets at the Capitol in Austin. It is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government and the strong constitutional connections between it and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, but also due to Texas's plural executive. The Legislature is the constitutional successor of the Congress of the Republic

are within the legislative branch of state government. Those five agencies are as follows: Texas Legislature The Legislature of the state of Texas is the state legislature of Texas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of a 31-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. The state legislature meets at the Capitol in Austin. It is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government and the strong constitutional connections between it and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, but also due to Texas's

The first case was in 1870, with the Rump Senate, followed by the 1979 Killer Ds. and finally the Texas Eleven in August 2003, who were following the example of the Texas house Killer Ds. The following represents the Senate committee structure for the 85th Legislature. In addition, the House and Senate operate the permanent joint committee known as the Legislative Budget Board (LBB). †Elected in a special election Texas Senate The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with

of the members of each chamber are members of the Republican Party. The Texas Constitution sets the qualifications for election to each house as follows: State legislators in Texas make $600 per month, or $7,200 per year, plus a per diem of $190 for every day the Legislature is in session (also including any special sessions). That adds up to $33,800 a year for a regular session (140 days), with the total pay for a two-year term being $41,000. Legislators receive a pension after eight years of service, starting at age 60. The Texas Legislature has five support agencies that

"Number (sports)"
regular starters at their respective batting order positions, numbers 9 and 10 were assigned to the Yankees two backup catchers, while pitchers and backup fielders were assigned higher numbers. Today there is no rhyme or reason to a player's uniform number, players may pick their own number for personal reasons, or accept a number assigned by the team. Catcher Benito Santiago is the only major league baseball player (or any major professional sportsman) known to have worn a leading zero; Santiago wore the number 09 from 1991 to 1994 in an effort to make his uniform more comfortable. Eddie Gaedel,

"Baseball statistics"
Known as ""Big Mac"", the encyclopedia became the standard baseball reference until 1988, when ""Total Baseball"" was released by Warner Books using more sophisticated technology. The publication of ""Total Baseball"" led to the discovery of several ""phantom ballplayers"", such as Lou Proctor, who did not belong in official record books and were removed. Throughout modern baseball, a few core statistics have been traditionally referenced – batting average, RBI, and home runs. To this day, a player who leads the league in all of these three statistics earns the ""Triple Crown"". For pitchers, wins, ERA, and strikeouts are the most often-cited

Batting average (baseball) In baseball, the batting average (BA) is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three decimal places and read without the decimal: A player with a batting average of .300 is ""batting three-hundred."" If necessary to break ties, batting averages could be taken beyond the .001 measurement. In this context, a .001 is considered a ""point,"" such that a .235 batter is 5 points higher than a .230 batter. Henry Chadwick, an English statistician raised on cricket, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball. In the

"Speed Score"
This is dependent upon the player's primary position as follows: Where P is pitcher, C is catcher, 1B is first baseman, 2B is second baseman, 3B is third baseman, SS is shortstop, OF is outfielder, PO is putouts, A is assists and G is games played. If any factor is less than zero, it is converted to zero, and if any factor is greater than ten, it is converted to ten. The average of factors 1 through 6 is taken, and the result is the player's score. In 2006, Baseball Prospectus developed their own version of speed score in order

"Slugging percentage"
as an at bat. The name is a misnomer, as the statistic is not a percentage but a scale of measure whose computed value is a number from 0 to 4. The statistic gives a double twice the value of a single, a triple three times the value, and a homerun four times. A slugging percentage is always expressed as a decimal to three decimal places, and is generally spoken as if multiplied by 1000. For example, a slugging percentage of .589 would be spoken as ""five eighty nine."" In 2016, the mean average SLG among all batters in Major

On-base plus slugging On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging average. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .900 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark. The basic equation is formula_1 where OBP is on-base percentage and SLG is slugging average. These averages are defined formula_2 and

positive testosterone test. He had batted .346 with 501 plate appearances, and the original rule would have awarded him the title over San Francisco Giants teammate Buster Posey, who won batting .336. Note: Batting averages are normally rounded to 3 decimal places. Extra detail here is used for tie-breaker. Batting average (baseball) In baseball, the batting average (BA) is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three decimal places and read without the decimal: A player with a batting average of .300 is ""batting three-hundred."" If necessary to break ties, batting averages

"Games played"
Games played Games played (most often abbreviated as G or GP) is a statistic used in team sports to indicate the total number of games in which a player has participated (in any capacity); the statistic is generally applied irrespective of whatever portion of the game is contested. In baseball, the statistic applies also to players who, prior to a game, are included on a starting lineup card or are announced as ""ex ante"" substitutes, whether or not they play, although, in Major League Baseball, the application of this statistic does not extend to consecutive games played streaks. A starting

batter in the list, Barnes. On-base plus slugging On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging average. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .900 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark. The basic equation is formula_1 where OBP is on-base percentage and SLG is slugging average. These

of games played or plate appearances). The players are Eric Cammack (2000 Mets), Scott Munninghoff (1980 Phillies), Eduardo Rodríguez (1973 Brewers), and Charlie Lindstrom (1958 White Sox). Slugging percentage In baseball statistics, slugging percentage (SLG) is a measure of the batting productivity of a hitter. It is calculated as total bases divided by at bats, through the following formula, where ""AB"" is the number of at bats for a given player, and ""1B"", ""2B"", ""3B"", and ""HR"" are the number of singles, doubles, triples, and home runs, respectively: Unlike batting average, slugging percentage gives more weight to extra-base hits such

"NBA high school draftees"
later. In the 2015 draft, Satnam Singh Bhamara, who did not qualify academically to go to college, went straight to the NBA draft as a post-graduate after being at IMG Academy for five years. He would be taken by the Dallas Mavericks with the 52nd pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school student to be drafted since the rule changes. In the 2016 draft, one of the Top–10 players that was declared eligible for NCAA play in 2016, Thon Maker, decided to enter the draft instead as a post-graduate from Orangeville Prep in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada due

one year of college experience, can get you more developed and I think that's pretty good."" Others, however, strongly criticize the rule. Andrew Bynum said ""That's something I'll never understand. Because in no other business can the owner, or a stock trader or a C.E.O. of a company try to protect themselves by putting rules like that."" Former Florida Gators and current Oklahoma City Thunder head coach Billy Donovan believed that the rule made high schoolers feel like they were being punished. There have been 45 high school draftees in the NBA Draft. Three draftees were selected first overall; Kwame

Jonathan Bender and Darius Miles had their careers cut short by injury. Korleone Young (drafted in 1998) and Leon Smith (drafted in 1999) only played a handful of games in the NBA, while Lenny Cooke and DeAngelo Collins, both of whom declared for the 2002 Draft, went undrafted and never played in the NBA. Beginning 2005, both the NBA and the players' union started to discuss the possibility of implementing a new age limit. The league lobbied for an age minimum of 20 while the union was against an age limit. Finally in July 2005, both sides compromised in the

selected by the Toronto Raptors. In 1998, three high-schoolers were drafted with Al Harrington and Rashard Lewis experiencing the most success. Darius Miles became the highest high school player selected with the third pick in the 2000, until the following year. In 2001, Kwame Brown (selected by the Washington Wizards) became the first high-schooler to be selected with the number one pick in the draft; since then, LeBron James (2003) and Dwight Howard (2004) have also been selected with the first pick. Other notable high-schoolers include Tyson Chandler and Eddy Curry (2001); Amar'e Stoudemire (2002); Josh Smith, Sebastian Telfair, J.

"Eligibility for the NBA draft"
and a future All-Star in Jermaine O'Neal were first-round picks out of high school. Most years after that saw at least one, and often more, high schoolers drafted, most notably Tracy McGrady (1997), Kwame Brown (the first high schooler to be the #1 overall pick, in 2001), Amar'e Stoudemire (2002), LeBron James (#1 in 2003), and Dwight Howard (#1 in 2004). However, the influx of high schoolers caused considerable controversy. When the NBA and its players union negotiated a new Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) in 2005, NBA Commissioner David Stern publicly called for a higher age limit of 20, stating

2008, high school star Brandon Jennings decided to skip college and play professional basketball in Italy. After a year, he was eligible for the 2009 draft and was selected 10th by the Milwaukee Bucks. In the 2010 draft, Latavious Williams, who did not qualify academically to go to college, spent a year playing in the NBA D-League before he was drafted in the second round. Emmanuel Mudiay decided to take a route similar to that of Brandon Jennings by skipping college to play professionally in China in 2014 before being selected by the Denver Nuggets at pick 7 a year

to him originally declaring himself as eligible for college in 2015. Thon would also mark the first player to be drafted directly from a Canadian high school, as well as the second player to enter as a post-graduate. He'd also be the first high schooler to be drafted in the first round since 2005, being drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks with the tenth pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school lottery pick since 2005. Most recently, in the 2018 draft, Anfernee Simons from the IMG Academy was also drafted in the NBA with the 24th, with Simons

Brown in 2001 NBA draft, LeBron James in 2003 and Dwight Howard in 2004 NBA draft. Two draftees went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in their first season; LeBron James and 2002 draftee Amar'e Stoudemire. Three draftees went on to win the Most Valuable Player Award; Kevin Garnett in , Kobe Bryant in and LeBron James in , , , and . Ten draftees have been selected to the All-Star Game, and ten draftees have been selected to the All-NBA Team. The following players also played in the NBA or were drafted without playing college basketball;

R. Smith, and Shaun Livingston (2004); Andrew Bynum and Monta Ellis (2005). Many prep-to-pro players like Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Jermaine O'Neal, LeBron James, and Tracy Mcgrady went on to become star players in the NBA. Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, LeBron James have all won the league's MVP Award; as well as holding at least one NBA title under their belt, and are widely regarded as future Hall-of-Famers. Dwight Howard, Jermaine O'Neal and Amar'e Stoudemire also became perennial All-Stars in their prime. However, not all high-schoolers were successful. Kwame Brown and Eddy Curry are widely regarded as draft busts, while

being a postgraduate there like Satnam Singh Bhamara was three years prior. In addition to him, Mitchell Robinson took a year off of playing time after high school due to exiting Western Kentucky University early without playing there, which left him drafted as the 36th pick. Some players support the new age limit. Gerald Green called it ""a smart move"", saying that ""[not everybody is] LeBron James ... He came in ready and he dominated the league. There's a lot of players that have to get developed. Me, I've got to get developed. But I guess that age limit, that

"June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt"
and the Anglins and the other two being Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe) are listed as ""missing and presumed drowned"". Frank Lee Morris (September 1, 1926 – disappeared June 11, 1962) was born in Washington, D.C.. He was abandoned by his mother and father during his childhood, and orphaned at age 11, and spent most of his formative years in foster homes. He was convicted of his first crime at age 13, and by his late teens had been arrested for crimes ranging from narcotics possession to armed robbery. He spent most of his early years in jail serving lunch

when Alcatraz was deactivated in 1963, and later, back to Atlanta Penitentiary. After serving his sentence, followed by two additional sentences in Georgia and Florida, he was released in 1967, only to be arrested again in Florida the following year on charges of grand larceny. At Florida State Prison, he fatally stabbed another prisoner in October 1972, in what may have been a racially motivated incident. He was serving multiple sentences, including life imprisonment on the murder conviction, when he died of acute peritonitis in 1978. On December 16, 1962, inmate John Paul Scott, successfully swam a distance of from

June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt The June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt was an escape attempt from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary successfully carried out by inmates Frank Morris, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin. Behind the prisoners' cells in Cell Block B (where the escapees were interned) was an unguarded wide utility corridor. The prisoners chiselled away the moisture-damaged concrete from around an air vent leading to this corridor, using tools such as a metal spoon soldered with silver from a dime and an electric drill improvised from a stolen vacuum cleaner motor. The noise was disguised by accordions played during music hour,

for a map to a safety deposit box key. June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt The June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt was an escape attempt from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary successfully carried out by inmates Frank Morris, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin. Behind the prisoners' cells in Cell Block B (where the escapees were interned) was an unguarded wide utility corridor. The prisoners chiselled away the moisture-damaged concrete from around an air vent leading to this corridor, using tools such as a metal spoon soldered with silver from a dime and an electric drill improvised from a stolen vacuum cleaner motor. The

"Thomas R. Limerick"
Thomas R. Limerick Thomas Robert Limerick (January 7, 1902 – May 23, 1938) was an American criminal, who took part in the third documented escape attempt from Alcatraz Island on the night of May 23, 1938. Thomas Limerick was born on January 7, 1902 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He grew up in a middle-class family until his father died when he was 15. His family was soon thrown into poverty and left Thomas, the oldest of 5 children, to get a job. Originally a boxcar bandit, he joined a gang of bank robbers headed by Maurice Denning based in Gage

did Limerick. Lucas and the other surviving convict, Rufus Franklin, were tried for murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. Thomas R. Limerick Thomas Robert Limerick (January 7, 1902 – May 23, 1938) was an American criminal, who took part in the third documented escape attempt from Alcatraz Island on the night of May 23, 1938. Thomas Limerick was born on January 7, 1902 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He grew up in a middle-class family until his father died when he was 15. His family was soon thrown into poverty and left Thomas, the oldest of 5 children, to get a

in 2013, claims that Frank Morris died in 2008, and Clarence Anglin died in 2011. He further said he had cancer, and wanted to strike an deal with the FBI — offering to be locked up again for a year in exchange for medical care. When analyzed for a link to Anglin, it was deemed inconclusive. The U.S. Marshal's office is still investigating this case, which will remain open on all three escapees until their 100th birthdays. J. Campbell Bruce's 1963 book ""Escape from Alcatraz"" documents the 1962 escape, along with other escape attempts over the 29 years that Alcatraz

blankets in their bunks and the dummy heads positioned on the pillows, they appeared to be sleeping. On the night of June 11, 1962, with all preparations completed, the men initiated their escape. West had used cement to shore up crumbling concrete around his vent opening, and it had hardened, narrowing the hole and fixing the grill in place. By the time he was able to remove the grill and re-widen the hole sufficiently, the others had left without him; he exited to the roof, then returned to his cell around sunrise and went to sleep. West later cooperated fully

network of searchlights and gun towers—they inflated their raft with the concertina. At some time after 10 p.m., investigators estimated, they boarded the raft, launched it and departed toward their objective, Angel Island, two miles to the north. The escape was not discovered until the morning of June 12, 1962, due to the successful dummy head ruse. An extensive air, sea, and land search involving multiple military and law enforcement agencies was conducted over the next 10 days. On June 14, a Coast Guard cutter picked up a paddle floating about off the southern shore of Angel Island. On the

year later while committing a burglary, and sent to Alcatraz in 1960 as inmate number AZ1441. The Anglin brothers, John William (May 2, 1930 – disappeared June 11, 1962) and Clarence (May 11, 1931 – disappeared June 11, 1962) were born into a family of thirteen children in Donalsonville, Georgia. Their parents, George Robert Anglin and Rachael Van Miller Anglin, were seasonal farm workers; in the early 1940s, they moved the family to Ruskin, Florida, 20 miles south of Tampa, where the truck farms and tomato fields provided a more reliable source of income. Each June they migrated north as

"Equal Rights Amendment"
1982, the validity of that disputed extension was rendered academic. On March 22, 2017, the 45th anniversary of Congress' submission of the ERA to the nation's state lawmakers, the Nevada Legislature became the first to ratify the ERA after the expiration of both deadlines with its adoption of Senate Joint Resolution No. 2 (designated as ""POM-15"" by the U.S. Senate and published verbatim in the ""Congressional Record"" of April 5, 2017, at pages S2361 and S2362). The Illinois General Assembly then ratified the ERA on May 30, 2018 with its adoption of Senate Joint Resolution Constitutional Amendment No. 4 (designated

"Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution"
for a 50-state sweep, the Kentucky General Assembly post-ratified the amendment in 1996 (Senate Joint Resolution No. 50), at Watson's request, likewise unaware that the task had already been attended to some 204 years earlier. In April 1983, Maine became the first state to ratify the amendment as a result of Watson's campaign, followed by Colorado in April 1984. Numerous state legislatures followed suit. Michigan's ratification on May 7, 1992, provided what was believed to be the 38th state ratification required for the archivist to certify the amendment—Kentucky's 1792 ratification having been overlooked. In 2016, Zach Elkins, a professor in

"Reconstruction Amendments"
Reconstruction Amendments The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The last time the Constitution had been amended was with the Twelfth Amendment more than 60 years earlier in 1804. The Reconstruction amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war. Their proponents saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) ""half slave and half free"" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed ""blessings of liberty"" would

eventually became part of the United States Constitution, effective May 5, 1992, completing a record-setting ratification period of 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days. Several states raised the issue of Congressional salaries as they debated whether to ratify the Constitution. The North Carolina ratifying convention proposed several amendments to the Constitution including the following: ""The laws ascertaining the compensation of senators and representatives, for their services, shall be postponed in their operation until after the election of representatives immediately succeeding the passing thereof; that excepted which shall first be passed on the subject."" Virginia's ratifying convention recommended the identical

Amendment, has not been ratified by enough states to make it part of the Constitution. This proposed amendment was largely forgotten until Gregory Watson, an undergraduate student at the University of Texas at Austin, wrote a paper on the subject in 1982 for a political science course. In the paper, Watson argued that the amendment was still ""live"" and could be ratified. Watson received a ""C"" grade for his paper from one of the course's teaching assistants. Watson appealed the grade to the course instructor, Sharon Waite, who declined to overrule the teaching assistant. Watson responded by starting a new

"Blaine Amendment"
adoption. Voters have also rejected proposals to repeal their state-level Blaine amendments in New York (1967), Michigan (1970), Oregon (1972), Washington state (1975), Alaska (1976), Massachusetts (1986), and Oklahoma (2016). On April 1, 1974, voters in Louisiana approved a new constitution by a margin of 58 to 42 percent, which repealed the Blaine amendment that was part of that state's 1921 constitution. Louisiana's current 1974 constitution replaced it with a copy of the federal First Amendment's no-establishment and free exercise clauses, in Article 1, Sec. 8 of its Declaration of Rights; in Article 8, Sec. 13(a), it also guarantees the

the amendment had been proposed. Speaker of the House Tom Foley and others called for a legal challenge to the amendment's unusual ratification. On May 20, 1992, under the authority recognized in ""Coleman"", and in keeping with the precedent first established regarding the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, each house of the 102nd Congress passed its own version of a concurrent resolution agreeing that the amendment was validly ratified, despite the unorthodox period of more than 202 years for the completion of the task. The Senate's approval of the resolution was unanimous (99 to 0) and the House vote was

Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-seventh Amendment (Amendment XXVII) to the United States Constitution prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until the start of the next set of terms of office for Representatives. The amendment is the most recent to be adopted, but one of the first proposed. It was submitted by the 1st Congress to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789, along with eleven other proposed amendments. While ten of these twelve proposals were ratified in 1791 to become the Bill of Rights, what

their ERA ratifications. Four claim to have rescinded their ratifications before the original March 22, 1979 ratification deadline, while the South Dakota legislature did so by voting to sunset its ratification as of that original deadline. However, it remains a legal question as to whether a state can revoke its ratification of a federal constitutional amendment. In 1978, Congress passed (by simple majorities in each house), and President Carter signed, a joint resolution with the intent of extending the ratification deadline to June 30, 1982. Because no additional state legislatures ratified the ERA between March 22, 1979 and June 30,

expired, allowing the states again to ratify it. They also state that the ratifications ERA previously received remain in force and that rescissions of prior ratifications are not valid. Those who espouse the ""three-state strategy"" (now down to only one state if the Nevada Legislature's and the Illinois General Assembly's belated ERA approvals are deemed legitimate) were spurred, at least in part, by the unconventional 202-year-long ratification of the Constitution's Twenty-seventh Amendment (sometimes referred to as the ""Madison Amendment"") which became part of the Constitution in 1992 after pending before the state legislatures since 1789. Although the ""Madison Amendment"" was

"Rugby World Cup"
the first solo host nation to be eliminated at the pool stages in 2015. Of the twenty-five nations that have ever participated in at least one tournament, eleven of them have never missed a tournament. The record for most points overall is held by English player Jonny Wilkinson, who scored 277 over his World Cup career. Grant Fox of New Zealand holds the record for most points in one competition, with 126 in 1987; Jason Leonard of England holds the record for most World Cup matches: 22 between 1991 and 2003. Simon Culhane holds the record for most points in

is 8, held by Matt Burke, Gonzalo Quesada, Gavin Hastings and Thierry Lacroix, and the record for most penalties in a tournament, 31, is held by Gonzalo Quesada. South Africa's Jannie de Beer kicked five drop-goals against England in 1999 – an individual record for a single World Cup match. The most points scored in a game is 145 — by the All Blacks against Japan in 1995, while the widest winning margin is 142, held by Australia in a match against Namibia in 2003. A total of 16 players have been sent off (red carded) in the tournament. Welsh

"Rugby union"
worldwide by national unions. It recorded a total of 6.6 million players globally, of those, 2.36 million were registered members playing for a club affiliated to their country's union. The 2016 World Rugby Year in Review reported 8.5 million players, of which 3.2 million were registered union players and 1.9 million were registered club players; 22% of all players were female. The most capped international player from the tier 1 nations is former New Zealand openside flanker and captain Richie McCaw who has played in 148 internationals. While the top scoring tier 1 international player is New Zealand's Dan Carter,

"England rugby union try record progression"
challenged, the next closest for England being Will Greenwood and Ben Cohen on 31 each. England rugby union try record progression The England rugby union try record progression charts the record number of tries scored for the England national rugby union team by individual players, or rugby footballers as they are still sometimes referred to. The progression begins with Reg Birkett's try, scored in the first international rugby match of any code in 1871 when England succumbed to Scotland at Raeburn Place. When Birkett's try was scored, it was not worth any points in itself, but rather afforded the opportunity

1907. The tries scored in this match brought both players to six apiece, but as to which of these players reached that mark first is unclear. It was not until 1885 that another pairing of prolific try scorers, Wilfred Bolton and Charles Wade, both equalled the haul of six tries. Wade went on to hold the record outright for over fifteen years after he scored his seventh try on 2 January 1886 against Wales. It was Tot Robinson that was to break this record on 9 March 1901 with his mark of eight tries and no one challenged this until

him and was not broken until another RAF fighter pilot, Rory Underwood, scored his nineteenth try almost sixty-seven years later on 20 January 1990. Underwood had taken thirty-eight matches to reach this mark, compared to Lowe's twenty-four. Before Lowe, other try scorers had had better scoring ratios, amongst them record holders Burton scoring six in six, Wade seven in eight, Tot Robinson eight in eight, and Hudson, nine in eight. Daniel Lambert had also scored eight tries in a career of seven appearances. Lowe's achievement has been singled out as being all the more remarkable due to the almost six

failed to convert. Birkett, who also played association football for England, was for a short time during the match the joint international record holder as well, matching Angus Buchanan's earlier effort for Scotland. Despite the record being but a single try, Birkett's mark of one try for England stood for almost six years, although this equated at the time to just ten matches. In that time, at least a further eleven players matched the feat of scoring a try for England before William Hutchinson scored his second try of the match and his career in the eleventh England match on

a six-year break due to the First World War when he flew as a fighter pilot in the Royal Flying Corps, returned to international duty and resumed scoring tries. Lowe scored eighteen times in twenty four appearances, and set the record for the most tries scored in a single Five Nations Championship when he scored eight in 1914, a record only matched by Ian Smith of Scotland, and never surpassed, even in the Six Nations era with its greater number of matches. Despite living until the age of 91, Lowe's mark of eighteen tries, set on 10 February 1923, outlasted

"Six Nations Championship"
Wales in 1887. England's Cyril Lowe and Scotland's Ian Smith jointly hold the record for tries in one season with 8 (Lowe in 1914, Smith in 1925). Ireland's Brian O'Driscoll has the Championship record for tries with 26. The record for appearances is held by O'Gara, with 63 Six Nations appearances from the start of the Six Nations era in 2000 to his retirement in 2013. He surpassed countryman Mike Gibson in the first round of the 2012 tournament against Wales. Gibson played in 56 Five Nations matches (Italy had not become part of the Championship yet) between 1964 and

"New Zealand national rugby union team"
of four new inductees ""who had left an indelible mark on Rugby World Cup for their moments of magic, inspiration or feats"". The record for most test points for not only New Zealand, but any nation, is held by Dan Carter with 1,598 from 112 tests. He surpassed Andrew Mehrtens' All Black record total of 967 points from 70 tests in the All Blacks' win over England on 21 November 2009. On 27 November 2010 Dan Carter scored a penalty against Wales to pass Jonny Wilkinson's previous world record of 1,178 points. Carter also holds the record for points against

"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate"
while it was also announced that former majority leader Malcolm Smith had assumed the title of president pro tempore, and John Sampson would serve as Democratic conference leader with the understanding he would assume the presidency at an undetermined future date. Following the 2010 election and the Republican victory in the Senate, Senator Dean Skelos from Long Island served as both Temporary President and Majority Leader, but resigned in May 2015 in the midst of corruption charges. The current majority leader, or president, is John J. Flanagan. The position of President pro tempore of the New York State Senate was

"Chuck Schumer"
Chuck Schumer Charles Ellis Schumer (; born November 23, 1950) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from New York, a seat to which he was first elected in 1998. A member of the Democratic Party, he has also been the Senate Minority Leader since 2017. He first defeated three-term Republican incumbent Al D'Amato 55% to 44% before being reelected in 2004 with 71% of the vote, in 2010 with 66% of the vote, and in 2016 with 70% of the vote. He is the current dean of New York's congressional delegation. Before his election to

as lieutenant governor or governor. There was a lengthy dispute over the leadership of the Senate during June and July 2009. On June 8, 2009, Democrats Hiram Monserrate and Pedro Espada, Jr., joined the 30 Republican members of the State Senate to attempt to issue a motion to replace current Majority Leader Malcolm Smith with Minority Leader Dean Skelos. Following the precedent of 1913, the temporary presidency and the majority leadership would have been separated again under this scenario. Since the office of Lieutenant Governor fell vacant after Lt. Gov. David Paterson succeeded to the governorship upon Gov. Eliot Spitzer's

"Brian Kolb"
Brian Kolb Brian M. Kolb (born August 14, 1952) is an American politician serving as the member of the New York State Assembly for the 131st district since 2000 and minority leader since 2009. He was unanimously chosen as the State Assembly Republican Leader following the resignation of Jim Tedisco and is currently the longest-serving legislative leader in the both the New York Senate and State Assembly. Kolb was first elected during a special election; the 131st district comprises all of Ontario County and portions of Seneca County in Upstate New York. Kolb was born in Rochester, New York. He

"John J. Flanagan"
John J. Flanagan John J. Flanagan (born May 7, 1961) is the current Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. A Republican, Flanagan represents the 2nd District of the New York State Senate, which includes the entire town of Smithtown and portions of both the towns of Brookhaven and Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. He has served in the Senate since 2003, and as Majority Leader since May 2015. Flanagan was raised in Huntington, New York and attended Harborfields High School. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1983 with a B.A. in economics. He

wife, Lisa Perez, have three children and reside in East Northport, New York. In August 2017, Flanagan publicly stated that he had recently completed an alcohol treatment program. John J. Flanagan John J. Flanagan (born May 7, 1961) is the current Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. A Republican, Flanagan represents the 2nd District of the New York State Senate, which includes the entire town of Smithtown and portions of both the towns of Brookhaven and Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. He has served in the Senate since 2003, and as Majority Leader since May 2015. Flanagan

also the son, brother, father and uncle of veterans. Brian Kolb Brian M. Kolb (born August 14, 1952) is an American politician serving as the member of the New York State Assembly for the 131st district since 2000 and minority leader since 2009. He was unanimously chosen as the State Assembly Republican Leader following the resignation of Jim Tedisco and is currently the longest-serving legislative leader in the both the New York Senate and State Assembly. Kolb was first elected during a special election; the 131st district comprises all of Ontario County and portions of Seneca County in Upstate New

"New York State Democratic Committee"
the U.S. Senate since 1999: Democrats hold 18 of the 27 U.S. House of Representatives seats New York was apportioned following the 2010 census: Democrats control all four of the elected statewide offices: Christine Callaghan Quinn (born July 25, 1966) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, she formerly served as the Speaker of the New York City Council. The third person to hold this office, she is the first female and first openly gay speaker. As City Council speaker, Quinn was New York City's third most powerful public servant, behind the mayor and public advocate. She

"New York State Senate"
diminished role. On May 4, 2015, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara announced the arrest of Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos (along with his son, Adam Skelos) and the arrest of Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver. Within days, Skelos announced that he was stepping down as leader of the Republican Caucus and as Majority Leader. Senator John Flanagan, of Suffolk County, became the new Majority Leader, and the first Majority Leader from Suffolk County. After Skelos was convicted in December 2015, his seat was declared vacant, with a special election to be held on the presidential primary of 2016. The special election was

"Andrew Cuomo"
Andrew Cuomo Andrew Mark Cuomo (; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician, author and lawyer serving as the 56th and current Governor of New York since 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held for three terms. Born in New York City, Cuomo is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School of Union University, New York. He began his career working as the campaign manager for his father, then as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private law practice. He founded

"Marvel vs. Capcom"
name. Capcom then created their first Marvel-licensed fighting game, ""X-Men: Children of the Atom"", in 1994. ""Marvel Super Heroes"" soon followed in 1995. Many of the gameplay mechanics used in the ""Marvel vs. Capcom"" series were first developed and refined in these two fighting games, serving as precursors to the series. In 2011, then-current Capcom USA Strategic Marketing Director of Online and Community Seth Killian stated that many fighting game aficionados, including himself, consider them to have laid the foundation for the series. The idea for implementing tag teams was allegedly inspired by an easter egg from Capcom's own 1995

Alvin Lee, and digitally-painted by Udon's Genzoman. A standard-format softcover was released in November 2012 by Diamond Comics. The basic gameplay of the ""Marvel vs. Capcom"" series was originally derived from ""X-Men: Children of the Atom"" and ""Marvel Super Heroes"". Players compete in battle using characters with unique moves and special attacks. Using a combination of joystick movements and button presses, players must execute various moves to damage their opponent and deplete their life gauge, or alternatively, have the most cumulative health when the timer runs out. However, unlike the two aforementioned games, which focus on single combat, the ""Marvel

vs. Street Fighter"". The game debuted in Japanese arcades in 1996, establishing the series' fast-paced, tag team-based gameplay style. ""Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter"" was then released in 1997, which replaced most of the ""X-Men"" cast with other heroes from the Marvel Universe and introduced the character assist mechanic. ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes"" later followed in 1998, exchanging the majority of the ""Street Fighter"" cast with characters from other Capcom video games series, such as ""Mega Man"" and ""Darkstalkers"". In 1999, Capcom announced the development of yet another sequel, called ""Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age

fighting game """". In a secret ""Dramatic Battle"" mode, two players, controlling Ryu and Ken, were able to fight against an AI-controlled M. Bison at the same time. The easter egg itself had drawn inspiration from the final battle sequence from """", which featured a similar fight scene. Recognizing the uniqueness of a team-up concept, Capcom began to work on their next project. After their earlier licensing ventures with ""Children of the Atom"" and ""Marvel Super Heroes"", the company decided to combine Marvel's ""X-Men"" franchise, their own ""Street Fighter"" franchise, and their team-up concept, leading to the creation of ""X-Men

President and COO Haruhiro Tsujimoto, the games have enjoyed broad appeal, especially in markets outside of Japan. As of June 2018, approximately 8.8 million units of the series have been sold, making it Capcom's seventh best-selling franchise. The series' first three titles, ""X-Men vs. Street Fighter"", ""Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter"", and ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes"", received praise for their frantic gameplay style, visual flair, playable character rosters, and the quality of their sprite animations. The games' Dreamcast and Sega Saturn ports were also lauded for their technical performance, matching the capabilities of the arcade versions.

Marvel vs. Capcom Its gameplay borrows heavily from Capcom's previous Marvel-licensed fighting games """" and ""Marvel Super Heroes""; however, instead of focusing on single combat, the games incorporated tag team battles. Players form teams of two or three characters and, controlling one fighter at a time, attempt to damage and knock out their opponents. Players can switch out their characters during the match, allowing team members to replenish their health and prolong their ability to fight. The series' gameplay is also distinguished from other fighting game franchises due to its character assist mechanics and emphasis on aerial combat. The ""Marvel

exception of Abyss from ""Marvel vs. Capcom 2"". Characters that have not been playable frequently make cameo appearances in the games' cutscenes and stage backgrounds. Lastly, numerous non-playable Marvel and Capcom characters are featured as ""Ability Cards"" in the Heroes and Heralds game mode in ""Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3"". Out of all the playable characters, Ryu and Chun-Li are the only ones to have appeared in every game released thus far. Capcom's partnership with Marvel Comics began in 1993 with the release of ""The Punisher"", an arcade beat 'em up based on the comic book series of the same

"Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes"
particularly in larger character sprites. ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes"" debuted in Japanese and North American arcades in 1998. The game was released on the Dreamcast on March 25, 1999 in Japan, and October 7, 1999 in North America. A European version for the Dreamcast, published by Virgin Interactive, was released on June 23, 2000. The game was ported to the PlayStation on November 11, 1999 in Japan, where it was renamed ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes EX Edition"". North America and Europe received the PlayStation version later in January 2000. A high-definition version of the

it. A sequel to ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes"" was announced by Capcom on December 1, 1999. The game, titled ""Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes"", was initially developed for the Sega NAOMI arcade board, marking Capcom's first attempt at a fighting game outside of the CP System II and III hardware systems. It features several significant gameplay changes from ""Clash of Super Heroes"", such as three-on-three tag team battles, a new character assist system, and a more simplified control scheme. ""Marvel vs. Capcom 2"" also includes a roster of 56 playable fighters, drawing numerous character

put them in its own self-published ""Disney Infinity"" series. As a result, Capcom had to pull both ""Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3"" and ""Marvel vs. Capcom 2"" off their online platforms in 2013. However, in 2016, Disney announced its decision to cancel the ""Disney Infinity"" series, discontinue self-publishing efforts, and switch to a licensing-only model, allowing them to license their characters to third-party game developers, including Capcom. ""Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite"" was revealed in December 2016, and then released in September 2017. The ""Marvel vs. Capcom"" series has received reviews ranging from average to positive from critics. According to Capcom

"Major General George Henry Thomas"
and the homes surrounding it were extensively decorated. There were 38 poles, each high, placed around the edge of the circle, with the flag of every U.S. state at the time. A temporary platform seating 1,500 people was erected around part of the circle for special guests and dignitaries. The ceremony began with a prayer followed by the songs ""Hail to the Chief"" and ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". The statue was then unveiled accompanied by a thirteen gun salute. After the unveiling, a chorus of 100 men sang hymns with music performed by the Marine Band. General Anson G. McCook, a

"Major General George B. McClellan"
at the ceremony included the main speaker, President Theodore Roosevelt, New York City mayor and McClellan's son, George B. McClellan, Jr., William Howard Taft, New Jersey governor Edward C. Stokes, Generals George Lewis Gillespie, Jr., Frederick Dent Grant and Wallace F. Randolph, and Nelly McClellan. Additional attendees included members of Congress, foreign diplomats, members of the president's cabinet and thousands of citizens. The event was led by Brigadier General Henry C. Dwight, president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac. Following an invocation by Episcopal bishop Henry Y. Satterlee, a brief history of the statue was given by

General Horatio Collins King. McClellan, Jr. then unveiled the statue to cheers and applause from the crowd. After the unveiling, the Fourth Battery of the Field Artillery saluted as ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" was played by the Marine Band. After a military parade consisting of thousands of troops led by General J. Franklin Bell passed the statue and the reviewing stands, the main speech by Roosevelt was given. Roosevelt's remarks, which covered various topics including war, peace, national pride and family, included the following: ""Modern statuary has added a new terror to death. But I wish on behalf of those who

"Admiral David G. Farragut (Ream statue)"
three temporary stands that were built on three sides of the statue. Distinguished guests included President James A. Garfield and his wife, Lucretia, members of the President's cabinet, Virginia Farragut, and Ream. An opening prayer was led by Reverend Arthur Brooks followed by the statue being unveiled by two members of Farragut's ""Hartford"" crew, Quartermaster C. B. Knowles and Boatswain James Wiley. When the statue was unveiled, the Marine Band began playing a march and a seventeen gun salute was fired from nearby Lafayette Square. Secretary of the Navy William H. Hunt then introduced the President, who formally accepted the

"Inauguration of John F. Kennedy"
Truman and former First Ladies Edith Wilson and Eleanor Roosevelt. Throngs of onlookers and millions of television viewers also watched the procession; it took three hours to pass by. Sixteen thousand members of the US armed forces marched with displays of modern weaponry like the Minuteman missile and the supersonic B-70 bomber. A further sixteen thousand marchers were civilians ranging from federal and state officials to high school bands and Boy Scouts, accompanied by forty floats. Kennedy's inauguration marked many firsts for the United States. Kennedy was the first, and to this date, the only Catholic inaugurated as commander-in-chief. At

"George Washington"
by militia and a marching band, followed by statesmen and foreign dignitaries in the first inaugural parade; an estimated 10,000 people attended. He stood with his hand on a Bible that was provided by the nearby Masonic lodge as Chancellor Robert R. Livingston administered the oath, after which he was given a 13-gun salute. He then returned to the Senate Chambers where he read a 1,200-word speech (in contrast to his later second inaugural speech), asking that ""that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations—and whose providential aids can supply every human defect""

"Flag of the Vice President of the United States"
would be repeated on all subsequent vice presidential flags. Vice President Marshall arrived at the Exposition on March 20, 1915. On March 22, he attended a ceremony in San Francisco Harbor aboard the heavy cruiser USS ""Colorado"", at the time serving as Admiral Thomas B. Howard's flagship for the Pacific Fleet. At 3:15 in the afternoon, Marshall boarded the ship, and the Vice President's flag was raised at the mainmast. (In an oft-retold story, while trying to hold his cane, cigar, and top hat in his left hand so he could return a salute with his right, Marshall was unprepared

"SS George Washington"
was greeted by the unfurling of the official banner of the League of Peace from the Singer Building, and docked at 18:30 at the North German Lloyd piers in Hoboken, New Jersey. Coincidentally, , an ocean liner of the unrelated Austro-American Line, was in port when ""George Washington"" docked in New York for the first time. On 22 June, the liner hosted a press luncheon, and, the next afternoon, hosted some 3,000 members of the Daughters of the American Revolution who presented a commemorative bronze tablet. Stewart L. Woodford, a former Congressman and ambassador, spoke at the ceremony dedicating the

by William R. Jenvey, Episcopal archdeacon of Jersey City, followed by the band closing the ceremony with ""My Country, 'Tis of Thee."" The statue is one of eighteen Civil War monuments in Washington, D.C. that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on September 20, 1978, and the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on March 3, 1979. It is also designated a contributing property to the Kalorama Triangle Historic District, listed on the NRHP on May 4, 1987. The monument and surrounding park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service (NPS), a

"Statue of Liberty"
the parade could pass in front of the ""World"" building on Park Row. As the parade passed the New York Stock Exchange, traders threw ticker tape from the windows, beginning the New York tradition of the ticker-tape parade. A nautical parade began at 12:45 p.m., and President Cleveland embarked on a yacht that took him across the harbor to Bedloe's Island for the dedication. De Lesseps made the first speech, on behalf of the French committee, followed by the chairman of the New York committee, Senator William M. Evarts. A French flag draped across the statue's face was to be

"Rainn Wilson"
Rainn Wilson Rainn Dietrich Wilson (born January 20, 1966) is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is best known for his role as Dwight Schrute on the American version of the television comedy ""The Office"", for which he earned three consecutive Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. A native of Seattle, Wilson began acting in college at the University of Washington, and later worked in theatre in New York City after graduating in 1986. Wilson made his film debut in ""Galaxy Quest"" (1999), followed by supporting parts in ""Almost Famous"" (2000), Steven Soderbergh's

"Michael Schur"
Michael Schur Michael Herbert Schur (born October 29, 1975) is an American television producer, writer, and actor, best known for his work on the NBC comedy series ""The Office"" (2005–2013); ""Parks and Recreation"" (2009–2015), which he co-created along with Greg Daniels; and ""The Good Place"" (2016–present), which he created. He also co-created the NBC comedy series ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"" (2013–present). As an actor, Schur also made multiple appearances on ""The Office"" as Mose Schrute, the cousin of Dwight Schrute. Schur has found success by breaking the mold of formulaic television writing and include large, diverse casts that lead to break-out stars.

"The Farm (The Office)"
The Farm (The Office) ""The Farm"" is the seventeenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series ""The Office"" and the 193rd overall. It originally aired on NBC on March 14, 2013. The episode guest stars Matt Jones as Dwight's cousin Zeke, Majandra Delfino as Dwight's sister Fannie, Blake Garrett Rosenthal as his nephew, and Thomas Middleditch as his brother. The series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. The episode revolves around Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) and Oscar

"Steve Carell"
contributions to the film industry, Carell received the 2,570th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2016. Steve Carell Steven John Carell (; born August 16, 1962) is an American actor, writer and director. He is best known for his portrayal of gaffe-prone boss Michael Scott on the American version of ""The Office"" (2005–2013), on which he also worked as an occasional producer, writer and director. Carell was a correspondent on ""The Daily Show with Jon Stewart"" from 1999 to 2005. He has starred in """" (2004), ""The 40-Year-Old Virgin"" (2005), ""Evan Almighty"" (2007), ""Get Smart"" (2008), ""Crazy, Stupid,

"The Office (U.S. season 8)"
Night Done Right"" television block. This was the first season without Steve Carell as Michael Scott in the lead role and the only one to not feature the character in any capacity. The eighth season largely centers on Andy Bernard's (Ed Helms) ascension to regional manager, as well as the antics of Robert California (James Spader), the new CEO of Sabre, a fictional printer company that owns Dunder Mifflin. Halfway through the season, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson)—along with Jim Halpert (John Krasinski), Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker), Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak), Erin Hannon (Ellie Kemper), and Cathy Simms (Lindsey

"Dwight K. Schrute, (Acting) Manager"
Andy Bernard (Ed Helms), causing him temporary hearing loss. Dwight attempts to bribe the office workers into silence with various favors, and Jim insists that Dwight do outlandish things (such as saying ""Shagedelic, baby"") at certain promptings. Meanwhile, Gabe Lewis (Zach Woods) continues with his attempts to win back Erin Hannon (Ellie Kemper). He invites Andy to go to the conference room to speak in private. Gabe breaks down, and Andy promises he will not date Erin again. Gabe confronts Andy with the promise after he sees the two hanging out together, but Andy stands up for himself and embarrasses

"The Office (U.S. TV series)"
Tompkins. Rainn Wilson was cast as power-hungry sycophant Dwight Schrute, and he watched every episode of the British series before he auditioned. Wilson had originally auditioned for Michael, a performance that he described as a ""terrible Ricky Gervais impersonation""; however, the casting directors liked his audition as Dwight much more and hired him. Seth Rogen, Matt Besser, Patton Oswalt, and Judah Friedlander also auditioned for the role. John Krasinski and Jenna Fischer were cast in their respective roles as Jim and Pam, the central love interests. Krasinski had attended school with B. J. Novak, and the two were friends. Fischer

announced on a blog. In an interview, executive producer Lieberstein stated that, with the departure of Michael Scott, the writers would explore further into the other characters on the show, such as centering on a specific character for an episode. On January 25, 2012, news broke that NBC was planning a spin-off series starring Rainn Wilson as Dwight Schrute, that would be set at Schrute Farms, Dwight's bed-and-breakfast and beet farm. The spin-off would be created by Wilson and executive producer Paul Lieberstein, but ""Office"" developer Greg Daniels would not be involved. Due to his initial involvement in the spin-off,

"Dwight Schrute"
accepting the spin-off series. Dwight Schrute Dwight Kurt Schrute III (born January 20, 1968) is a character on ""The Office (U.S. TV series)"" portrayed by Rainn Wilson. He is one of the highest-ranking salesmen as well as assistant to the regional manager at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. Additionally, he is a bed-and-breakfast proprietor at Schrute Farms, a beet plantation owner, and an owner of the business park in which Dunder Mifflin exists. He is notorious for his lack of social skills and common sense, his love for martial arts and the justice system, and his office rivalry with

Steve Carell Steven John Carell (; born August 16, 1962) is an American actor, writer and director. He is best known for his portrayal of gaffe-prone boss Michael Scott on the American version of ""The Office"" (2005–2013), on which he also worked as an occasional producer, writer and director. Carell was a correspondent on ""The Daily Show with Jon Stewart"" from 1999 to 2005. He has starred in """" (2004), ""The 40-Year-Old Virgin"" (2005), ""Evan Almighty"" (2007), ""Get Smart"" (2008), ""Crazy, Stupid, Love"" (2011), ""The Incredible Burt Wonderstone"" and ""The Way, Way Back"" (both 2013). He has also voice acted

"Herbie Redmond"
Herbie Redmond Herbie Redmond (1929 - April 4, 1990), known variously as ""Herbie the Hoofer,"" ""Short Dog,"" and ""Herbie the Love Bug,"" was the Detroit Tigers' dancing groundskeeper who was one of the most colorful and popular characters in Detroit baseball in the 1970s and 1980s. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, Redmond served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and worked as a forklift operator for Ford Motor Company before joining the Tiger Stadium grounds crew in 1969. Redmond entertained the crowd with a trademark jig he danced while sweeping the infield during the fifth inning of nearly every

"Rooty Toot Toot"
Rooty Toot Toot Rooty Toot Toot is a 1951 black comedy musical animated short film, directed by John Hubley. It was released by Columbia Pictures and produced by UPA. In 1994 it was voted #41 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1951, but lost out to Tom and Jerry's 6th award-winning cartoon ""The Two Mouseketeers"". Annette Warren provides the voices of both Frankie and Nelly Bly. Thurl Ravenscroft is the voice of Johnny and Honest John the Crook.

"Elmer Dresslar Jr."
Elmer Dresslar Jr. Elmer ""Len"" Dresslar Jr. (March 25, 1925 – October 16, 2005) was an American voice actor and vocalist, best known as the deep bass voice of the Jolly Green Giant in commercials for General Mills. After a brief time with the United States Navy, Dresslar moved to Chicago to study voice. While there, he gradually built up a reputation both in jazz circles (as a member of The Singers Unlimited, he recorded 15 albums) and as a voice actor. He recorded jingles and other spots for many well-known brands including Amoco, Dinty Moore, Marlboro, and Rice Krispies

luck. The superstition began during a 1966 game against the Houston Astros, when Danny Whelan shouted from the dugout at Astros' pitcher Dave Giusti, ""You're gonna walk him!"" while waving a green rubber hot dog in the direction of the pitcher's mound. Giusti did walk the batter, and the Astros lost the game. During the next game's broadcast, Prince quizzed Whelan about the frankfurter incident, and the gimmick was born. Within weeks, Green Weenies were being sold to fans at Forbes Field. Though the gimmick didn't conjure up a pennant for the Pirates in 1966, the writer Dave Cole has

"Puss n' Toots"
Puss n' Toots Puss n' Toots is a 1942 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 6th ""Tom and Jerry"" short. It was produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on May 30, 1942 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and re-issued on April 24, 1948 and again on August 8, 1958. It was animated by Pete Burness, George Gordon, Jack Zander, Irven Spence, and Bill Littlejohn with additional animation by Ray Abrams. The name of the short is an allusion to the fairy tale Puss 'n' Boots. Tom is watching Jerry fruitlessly trying to escape a bowl until the doorbell rings. Tom

""not guilty."" Frankie is thrilled, until she sees Honest John walking away with Nellie Bly. She quickly picks up Exhibit A (the gun) and shoots Honest John ""rooty toot toot/right in the snoot"" in front of the entire court room. The prosecuting attorney celebrates as the police escort Frankie to jail. Rooty Toot Toot Rooty Toot Toot is a 1951 black comedy musical animated short film, directed by John Hubley. It was released by Columbia Pictures and produced by UPA. In 1994 it was voted #41 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field.

"The Green Mile (film)"
and will also outlive Elaine. Paul later attends her funeral and muses that if John's power could make a normally short-lived mouse live for six decades as Mr. Jingles has, how much longer does he himself have left. The Detterick family, which John Coffey was wrongly convicted of victimizing, is played by William Sadler and Paula Malcomson as the parents, with young sisters Evanne and Bailey Drucker playing their murdered daughters. Darabont adapted the novel into a screenplay in under eight weeks. The film was shot at Warner Hollywood Studios, West Hollywood, California, and on location in Shelbyville, Tennessee and

"Mel Blanc"
Mel Blanc Melvin Jerome Blanc (May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989) was an American voice actor, comedian, singer, and radio personality. After beginning his over 60-year career performing in radio, he became known for his work in animation as the voices of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote, Road Runner, the Tasmanian Devil and many of the other characters from the ""Looney Tunes"" and ""Merrie Melodies"" theatrical cartoons during the golden age of American animation. He voiced all of

"Air Buddies"
film, released after their deaths. Through a voiceover, Sniffer (voiced by Don Knotts) introduces the five Air Buddies, describes their personalities and recaps how the puppies' father, Air Bud, made the town of Fernfield famous through his love of sport. When their families leave home for a basketball game, the puppies get into trouble with their sitter, Mrs Niggles, by playing with balls of wool and eating a blueberry pie. This prompts their owners to finally put the puppies up for adoption. Meanwhile, Selkirk Tander (Holmes Osborne) tries to impress Mr. Livingston's (Steve Makaj) son, Bartleby Livingston by showing him

"Tootsie Pop"
are the ones that have aired innumerable times over the years. The dialogue to the 60-second version is as follows: In the shorter 30-second ad, Mr. Owl returns the spent candy stick, and the boy's final line is replaced with a reaction shot and a beat of silence. The 30-second commercial dialogue is as follows: The 15-second commercial (which still airs today) only shows the boy with Mr. Owl and a different narrator (Frank Leslie) speaks the same above line, but without the scene showing the Tootsie Roll pops slowly disappearing with an APM Music track ""Crepe Suzette"" (composed by

"Jack Gleeson"
interested in pursuing academia, he had since 'gone off that idea'. In 2015, Gleeson starred in the puppetry shows ""Bears in Space"" created by his theatre company Collapsing Horse and in mid-2016 the show premiered in New York. Jack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series ""Game of Thrones"". Despite his early breakthrough on ""Game of Thrones"", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet

Jack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series ""Game of Thrones"". Despite his early breakthrough on ""Game of Thrones"", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet show—""Bears in Space""—premiered in Edinburgh Festival Fringe, in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014. Gleeson was born in Cork, Ireland. Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education. He attended drama classes when young, with his sisters Rachel and Emma

"Saeed Jaffrey"
Saeed Jaffrey Saeed Jaffrey (8 January 1929 – 15 November 2015) was a British Indian actor whose versatility and fluency in multiple languages allowed him to straddle radio, stage, television and film in a career that spanned over six decades and more than a hundred and fifty British, American, and Indian movies. He was able to breathe life into the smallest of roles through intense preparation and a nuanced performance, like that of the translator and guide Billy Fish in ""The Man Who Would Be King"" (1975), an act that brought him international attention. His seductive, resonant voice combined with

"Joffrey Baratheon"
Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"". Introduced in 1996's ""A Game of Thrones"", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's ""A Clash of Kings"" (1998) and ""A Storm of Swords"" (2000). Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation. Joffrey Baratheon is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are

"Aneurin Barnard"
Aneurin Barnard Aneurin Barnard (; born 8 May 1987) is a Welsh stage and screen actor. He is best known for his roles as Davey in ""Hunky Dory"", Claude in ""The Truth About Emanuel"", Robert ""Bobby"" Willis Jr. in ""Cilla"" and King Richard III in ""The White Queen"". He played the French soldier Gibson in Christopher Nolan's action-thriller ""Dunkirk"" (2017). Barnard was born in the former borough of Ogwr in Mid Glamorgan, Wales, the son of June, a factory worker, and Terry Barnard, a coal miner. He has a sister named Ceri. He attended Ysgol Gyfun Llanhari in Rhondda Cynon

"Ted Raimi"
Ted Raimi Theodore Raimi (born December 14, 1965) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer perhaps best known for his role as Joxer the Mighty in """"/"""". Raimi plays Ted Hoffman in his brother Sam Raimi's ""Spider-Man"" trilogy. Raimi was born to a Jewish family in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Celia (née Abrams), a lingerie store proprietor, and Leonard Raimi, a furniture store proprietor. Ted was raised in Conservative Judaism; his ancestors immigrated from Russia and Hungary. He attended Wylie E. Groves High School in Birmingham, Michigan where he was a popular DJ on WGHS, a blues harp

Barnard starred as Prince Boris Drubetskoy in Andrew Davies's television adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's ""War and Peace"", broadcast on BBC One, and as Tim Hobson in the BBC 5 part drama ""Thirteen"". Aneurin Barnard Aneurin Barnard (; born 8 May 1987) is a Welsh stage and screen actor. He is best known for his roles as Davey in ""Hunky Dory"", Claude in ""The Truth About Emanuel"", Robert ""Bobby"" Willis Jr. in ""Cilla"" and King Richard III in ""The White Queen"". He played the French soldier Gibson in Christopher Nolan's action-thriller ""Dunkirk"" (2017). Barnard was born in the former borough of

"Rupert Vansittart"
Rupert Vansittart Rupert Nicholas Vansittart (born 10 February 1958) is an English character actor. He has appeared in a variety of roles in film, television, stage and radio, often playing comic characters. He is best known for his role as Lord Ashfordly in the ITV drama ""Heartbeat"" and for playing Lord Yohn Royce in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"" in season 4, season 5, season 6, and season 7. Vansittart is of partial Dutch ancestry, and trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. Vansittart is known to fans of the 1995 ""Pride and Prejudice"" serial as the

"Kabir Bedi"
received the highest ranking civilian honour of the Italian Republic and was bestowed the title of ""Cavaliere"" (Knight) of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.He has recently received Honorary Degree from Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India. Kabir Bedi Kabir Bedi (born 16 January 1946) is an Indian television and film actor. His career has spanned three continents including India, the United States and especially Italy and many other European countries in three media: film, television and theatre. He is noted for his role as Emperor Shah Jahan in """" and the villainous Sanjay Verma

of the actor Moray Watson, since 1987. They have two children. In 2000, young actress Emma Watson was asked to star in the new Harry Potter film, so Emma Kate Watson changed her name to Emma Vansittart, adopting her husband's surname as her new stage name. Rupert Vansittart Rupert Nicholas Vansittart (born 10 February 1958) is an English character actor. He has appeared in a variety of roles in film, television, stage and radio, often playing comic characters. He is best known for his role as Lord Ashfordly in the ITV drama ""Heartbeat"" and for playing Lord Yohn Royce in

"Natural Born Killers"
Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. The film is based on an original screenplay by Quentin Tarantino that was heavily revised by Stone, writer David Veloz, and associate producer Richard Rutowski. Tarantino received a story credit. Jane Hamsher, Don Murphy, and Clayton Townsend produced the film, with

High School massacre. The soundtrack was released August 23, 1994 by Interscope Records. Tracks 10, 13, 18, 20, 23, and 25 are assembled from various recordings and dialogue from the film. Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. The film is based on an original screenplay by Quentin

Arnon Milchan, Thom Mount, and Stone as executive producers. The film was released on August 26, 1994 in the United States, and also screened at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 1994. It was a box office success, grossing over $50 million against a production budget of $34 million, and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the cast's performances, the humor, plot and combination of action and romance; some found the film too violent and graphic. Notorious for its violent content and inspiring ""copycat"" crimes, the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by

entity which marketed violence and suffering for the good of ratings. As such, he changed the tone of the movie from one of simple action to a satirical critique of the media in general. Also coloring Stone's approach, and contributing to the violent nature of the film, were the anger and sadness he felt at the breakdown of his second marriage. He also said in an interview that the film was influenced by the ""vitality"" of Indian cinema. He let Rodney Dangerfield write or rewrite all of his own character's lines. During pre-production, to prepare for the role of Wayne

POV scene wherein Mallory runs into the wire mesh, director of photography Robert Richardson broke his finger and the replacement cameraman cut his eye. According to Oliver Stone, he was not popular with the camera department on set that day. For the scenes involving rear projection, the projected footage was shot prior to principal photography, then edited together, and projected onto the stage, behind the live actors. For example, when Mallory drives past a building and flames are projected onto the wall, this was shot live using footage projected onto the facade of a real building. The famous Coca-Cola polar

an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"" gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, ""Seeing this movie once is not enough. The first time is for the visceral experience, the second time is for the meaning."" On his television show, his partner Gene Siskel agreed with him, adding extra praise to the scene featuring Rodney Dangerfield. Other critics found the film unsuccessful in its aims. Hal Hinson of ""The Washington Post"" claimed that ""Stone's sensibility is white-hot and personal. As much as he'd like us to believe that his camera is turned outward

Gale, Downey spent time with Australian TV shock-king Steve Dunleavy, and later convinced Stone to allow him to portray Gale with an Australian accent. Also during pre-production, Stone tried to convince actress Juliette Lewis to bulk up for the role of Mallory so that she looked tougher, but she refused, saying she wanted the character to look like a pushover, not a bodybuilder. Principal photography took only 56 days to shoot, but the editing process went on for 11 months, with the final film containing almost 3,000 cuts (most films have 600–700). Filming locations included the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge

just west of Taos, New Mexico, where the wedding scene was filmed, and Stateville Correctional Center in Joliet, Illinois, where the prison riot was filmed. In Stateville, 80% of the prisoners are incarcerated for violent crimes. For the first two weeks on location at the prison, the extras were actual inmates with rubber weapons. For the subsequent two weeks, 200 extras were needed because the Stateville inmates were on lockdown. According to Tom Sizemore, during filming on the prison set, Stone would play African tribal music at full blast between takes to keep the frantic energy up. While shooting the

"Terrylene Sacchetti"
Terrylene Sacchetti Terrylene Sacchetti (born February 5, 1967) is a deaf actress from Chicago, Illinois. She graduated from the Model Secondary School for the Deaf in 1985. Her most well known work in the film industry is for ""Natural Born Killers"" (1994), ""After Image"" (2001) and ""Listen Carefully"" (1991). She is also known in the deaf community for her advocacy for the right to sign language and early intervention for deaf infants. Terrylene is from a fourth generation deaf family. She was in a relationship with Robert Manganelli, a film maker until around 2008. They had two children, Gianni (Gio)

Stone, and that he wished the film well. Initially, when producers Hamsher and Murphy had first brought the script to Stone's attention, he had seen it as an action film; ""something Arnold Schwarzenegger would be proud of."" As the project developed however, incidents such as the O.J. Simpson case, the Menendez brothers case, the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan incident, the Rodney King incident, and the Federal assault of the Branch Davidian sect all took place. Stone came to feel that the media was heavily involved in the outcome of all of these cases, and that the media had become an all-pervasive

"Exposition Universelle (1900)"
Exposition Universelle (1900) The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. The style that was universally present in the Exposition was Art Nouveau. The fair, visited by nearly 50 million, displayed many machines, inventions, and architecture that are now nearly universally known, including the Grande Roue de Paris Ferris wheel, Russian nesting dolls, diesel engines, talking films, escalators, and the telegraphone (the first magnetic audio recorder). The staging of the first Exposition Universelle

most ""authentic"" African person, the most exotic and savage, next to assimilating groups in order to prove that the civilizing mission was successful. The French public was often unaware of just how inauthentic the colonial exhibits were, as they consisted of Africans who were paid to come from Africa to act in ""authentic"" African ways and were contained in artificial pavilions designed by Europeans. Exposition Universelle (1900) The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into

"Exposition Universelle (1878)"
Liberty was showcased in the garden of the Trocadéro palace, while other pieces were on display in the Champs de Mars. Among the many inventions on display was Alexander Graham Bell's telephone. Electric arc lighting had been installed all along the Avenue de l'Opera and the Place de l'Opera, and in June, a switch was thrown and the area was lit by electric Yablochkov arc lamps, powered by Zénobe Gramme dynamos. Thomas Edison had on display a megaphone and phonograph. International juries judged the various exhibits, awarding medals of gold, silver and bronze. One popular feature was a human zoo,

"1900 (film)"
composer Giuseppe Verdi – 27 January 1901 – Alfredo Berlinghieri and Olmo Dalcò come from opposite ends of the social spectrum. Alfredo is from a family of landowners led by his populist grandfather (also called Alfredo), while Olmo is an illegitimate peasant. Olmo's grandfather, Leo, is the foreman and peasants' strong man who verbally and spiritually carries out a duel of wits with the elder Alfredo. As Alfredo is somewhat rebellious and despises the falseness of his family, in particular his weak but abusive and cynical father Giovanni, he befriends Olmo, who was raised as a socialist. The two are

as well as their unique differences. New cultures were experienced and an overall better understanding of the values each country had to offer was gained. The learning atmosphere aided in attempts to increase cultural tolerance, deemed necessary after a period of war. The early announcement and the massively positive response disenchanted the interest that had been circling around the first German International Exposition. Support for the exhibition was widespread; countries immediately began to plan their exhibits, but despite the enthusiasm, the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle was not a financial success as only two thirds of the expected public attended. It

"Battle of Peking (1900)"
Each district was administered by one of the occupying armies. The occupation of Peking became, in the words of an American journalist, ""the biggest looting expedition since Pizarro"". Each nationality accused the others of being the worst looters. Missionary Luella Miner said, ""The conduct of the Russian soldiers is atrocious, the French are not much better, and the Japanese are looting and burning without mercy"". The British applied a process to maintain some sort of control. They held ""loot auctions"" every afternoon except Sunday at their Legation. The proceeds were then shared out by a prize committee across the troops.

friends throughout their childhood, despite the social differences of their families. Olmo enlists with the Italian army in 1917 during World War I and goes off to fight while Alfredo learns how to run his family's large plantation under the guidance of his father. Olmo returns from the war over a year later and his friendship with Alfredo continues. However, Alfredo's father has hired Attila Mellanchini as his foreman. Taken with fascism, Attila eventually incorporates his new belief system in his dealings with the Berlinghieri workers; he treats them cruelly and later cages them in the Berlinghieri compound and accuses

"1900 Summer Olympics medal table"
1900 Summer Olympics medal table The 1900 Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France, from May 14 to October 28, 1900, as part of the 1900 World's Fair. A total of 997 athletes representing 24 nations participated in 95 events in 19 sports at these games. Women competed in the Olympics for the first time during the 1900 games. 21 of the 24 participating nations earned medals, in addition to 12 medals won by teams made up of athletes from multiple nations. The host nation of France flooded the field, comprising over 72% of all the athletes (720 of the

covered in pine shingles drew much attention with its bright, welcoming colours, and was a crowd favourite. The American pavilion, by contrast, attracted negative interest among those who were not from the United States. The exhibit, a post office inspired building resembling the structures of Chicago, became a base for American visitors and offered little for foreigners to enjoy. American Loie Fuller performed shows in her own theatre, a dance routine aided by coloured lights and costume. Fuller's intention was to bring the Art Nouveau female, Salomé, to life. Her performance helped introduce revolutionary audio-visual entertainment precursors of early motion

held in a large tower resembling a beer-hall, made out of wood and stained glass, inspired by Kaiser Wilhelm II, who was in power at the time. Inside the tower Germany presented the comfortable living of the country through the display of their passenger-liners and their successfully growing merchant navy through the pictorial reference of the scale model of the Rothe Sand lighthouse in Germany. ""[T]he colossal vestibule of the German section on the Esplanade des Invalides... the rooms fully furnished by the upholsterers and cabinet-makers of Berlin and Munich; the colossal pavilion of machines; the colossal installations of the

"The Owl Box"
egg, named ""Dudley"", never hatching is unknown. All four owls first took flight on May 19, 2010. Shortly after the first owls left the nest, Molly returned to the box and laid four more eggs. The Royals had planned on taking their summer vacation after the owlets left, and turned off the video stream. But travel complications arose and they never got around to it. The first owlet of the second set of eggs hatched Saturday, August 7, 2010, around 3:30 a.m. Immediately after it was obvious that Jody had died, live video streaming temporarily stopped for the next three

"Dyfi Osprey Project"
had occurred in 2016. The resident adult breeding ospreys arrived back on the nest at Cors Dyfi on the same day, 1 April 2017. Three eggs were laid, and all successfully hatched on 21, 22 and 26 May. The chicks were ringed on 27 June 2017, and revealed to be one male (Darvic ring Z2) and two females (rings Z3 and Z4). In keeping with previous years, the chicks were named after Welsh rivers and streams, with Z1 the oldest a male named Aeron after Afon Aeron, the middle female chick Z3 named Menai, after the Menai Strait, and the

NEStalgia
NEStalgia NEStalgia is an indie video game, for Microsoft Windows operating systems, created by American indie developer Silk Games. It has been described by developers as ""Dragon Warrior 3 meets World of Warcraft"". ""NEStalgia"" was in development for two years before publicly launching on February 23, 2011. In the time following the public release the game was almost completely overhauled and remade, leading to its launch on Steam on April 15th, 2014. The core gameplay follows the classic Japanese role-playing game format (particularly Dragon Quest) with turn-based battles, random encounters, and explorable towns and dungeons. There are eight character classes

15-foot pole in 2008; however, it wasn't until February 2010 when a neighbor notified Royal about two owls inhabiting the box. Royal named the two owls ""Molly"" and ""McGee"", after radio show personalities Fibber McGee and Molly. The box model installed at the Royal's is the Hoo'sHoo model, equipped with camera, designed and installed by Tom Stephan of barnowlboxes.com. Molly initially laid six eggs. The baby owls, dubbed ""owlets"", first hatched on March 21, 2010, and were watched by over 7 million viewers. Two eggs never hatched. One of them was eaten by Molly, while the reason for the fifth

"The Nest (2016 novel)"
The Nest (2016 novel) The Nest is the bestselling debut novel by Cynthia D'Aprix Sweeney, published in 2016. After being released on March 22, 2016, the book debuted on the ""New York Times"" best seller list at #3 on the Hardcover Fiction list for April 10, 2016, and rose to #2 the following week, when it also debuted at #3 on the combined print and e-book list. The literary imprint Ecco preempted world English rights to the book for a seven-figure deal. According to ""Los Angeles Times"", """"The Nest"" is an addictive, poignant read with an enticing premise: four adult

"Giant Sparrow"
a painting. The player must throw paint at their white surroundings to reveal the world. The game was released for the PlayStation 3 on October 23, 2012 and subsequently for PlayStation 4 and Vita. ""What Remains of Edith Finch"" is a first-person narrative adventure game where players explore the Finch family home as the titular character and experience different stories set in the final moments of individual family members' lives. It was released for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 on April 25, 2017. On December 7, 2017, it was awarded the ""Best Narrative"" for 2017 by The Game Awards. Giant

"Brood II"
recorded in his ""Garden Book"" Brood II's 17-year periodicity, writing that an acquaintance remembered ""great locust years"" in 1724 and 1741, that he and others recalled another such year in 1758 and that the insects had again emerged from the ground at Monticello in 1775. He noted that the females lay their eggs in the small twigs of trees while above ground. Brood II last appeared in the late spring and summer of 2013, and will emerge again in 2030 and 2047. The 4-centimeter long (1.5 in) black insects do not sting or bite. Once they emerge, they spend their

"Vocaloid 3"
found due to the higher quality of sound ""Power"" now was suitable to go into production. Originally, Internet co., Ltd attempted to produce a Megpoid Falsetto vocal, but despite their best efforts switching between Megpoid vocals mid-song, the changes were always too obvious. Kokone was developed instead and was specifically designed to be able to cover a Falsetto range. It was released on February 14, 2014. A pair of twin sisters that sing in Japanese, Anon & Kanon were released on March 3, 2014. Released on May 9, 2014, the package mascot is simply called ""Flower"". She is a Japanese

a crow and appeared to have a tiny chip. On 6 August the two chicks, both females, were ringed and named - ""Clarach"" (Blue/white 2R) and ""Cerist"" (Blue/white 1R), and they fledged on 18 and 20 August respectively. Cerist disappeared for two days after fledging, with fears for her safety, but she returned safely on 22 August. On 31 August, Glesni left on migration. Monty continued to feed his two offspring. Clarach migrated on 18 September and Cerist on 20 September, both aged 82 days. Monty departed less than an hour after Cerist. In 2014, the first bird to visit

departing on 2 September, his timing in keeping with previous seasons. 2017 was also the year that the breeding adults Monty and Glesni became grandparents, as Blue 2R known as Clarach, their first chick to hatch in 2013 successfully bred and raised two chicks on a nest on Forestry Commission near Aberfoyle in Scotland (see Returning Chicks section). 3 May 2016 - Blue 2R (13), named Clarach, was the first sighting of a Dyfi bred chick returning to Wales. She landed on the osprey nest at Glaslyn Osprey Project, near Porthmadog, and was seen there again for several hours on

"WWE United States Championship"
July 19, 2016. The following list indicates the transitions of the United States Championship between the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. The inaugural champion was Harley Race. There have been 92 different champions, with Ric Flair having the most reigns at six. The longest-reigning champion was Lex Luger who held the title for 523 days from May 22, 1989, to October 27, 1990. The shortest-reigning champion was ""Stunning"" Steve Austin who held the title for approximately five minutes. Dean Ambrose is the longest-reigning champion under the WWE banner at 351 days from May 19, 2013, to May 5, 2014. Booker

in WWE at the time, received a minor update, replacing the long-standing scratch logo with WWE's new logo originally used for the WWE Network. In 2015, WWE introduced an updated version of its Grand Slam Championship, and the United States Championship became officially recognized as a component of the re-established honor. In August at SummerSlam, then-United States Champion John Cena faced then-WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins in a title-for-title match, which Rollins ultimately won to become the first wrestler to hold the WWE World Heavyweight Championship and United States Championship simultaneously. Rollins held both titles until Cena defeated Rollins

until closing in March 2001. This version of the United States Heavyweight Championship would also be used during WCW's ""invasion"" of the WWF until WCW's storyline demise at the 2001 Survivor Series, in which the United States Championship was unified with the Intercontinental Championship. Between WCW and WWE, the title has been vacated twenty-one times. Rusev is the current champion in his third reign. He won the title by defeating Shinsuke Nakamura on December 18, 2018 in Fresno, California during the ""SmackDown"" tapings (will air December 25 where WWE will start recognizing his reign). WWE United States Championship The WWE

T and Seth Rollins are the only two men to have held both the United States Championship and a world championship simultaneously; in Booker T's case, the world title was the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, while Rollins held the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. (Both Lex Luger and Goldberg were the United States Champion when they won their first world championship, but unlike Booker T and Rollins, they vacated the United States Championship after winning their world championships.) Terry Funk is the oldest champion in the title's history, winning the title at the age of 56 on September 22, 2000, while

(and, as of 2018, only) horse to sweep all four races, a feat that came to be known as the Grand Slam. After the first Triple Crown winner, Sir Barton, in 1919, there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930, a gap of 11 years. Between 1930 and 1948, seven horses won the Triple Crown, with five years being the longest gap between winners. However, following the 1948 win of Citation, there was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973. Between 1973 and 1978, there were three Triple

Olympic Games have taken place in the United States (2028 Summer Olympics will mark the ninth time). , the United States has won 2,522 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 305 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most behind Norway. While most major U.S. sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions, some of which have become popular worldwide. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. The most watched individual sports are

"NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships"
titles with 23 NCAA titles. Iowa State & Penn State have won eight titles, and Oklahoma has won seven championships. Only seven other schools have won a team title, and none have won more than three times. While Oklahoma State has the most NCAA titles, schools from the Big Ten Conference won 12 consecutive championships from 2007 thru 2018, including Penn State winning seven of the last eight since 2011. Long held at host college campuses, since 2000 the tournament has grown exponentially in popularity and as such is now held in major cities at professional sports arenas before large,

"USA Gymnastics National Championships"
national governing body for gymnastics, so the USA Gymnastics national champions from 1963 to 1969 are not the official champions. The first USA Gymnastics national championships were held in Park Ridge, Illinois, in June 1963. Since then, the event has been held each year, usually over a period of several days during the summer. The 2012 championships were held in St. Louis, Missouri, in June. The record for most all-around titles since 1971 is held by Blaine Wilson, who won five consecutive men's competitions from 1996 to 2000, and Simone_Biles, who won from 2013 to 2016, and again in 2018.

"United States Auto Club"
claimed each of the three championships at least once in their careers. In 2012 Mike Curb and Cary Agajanian became the only car owners to win the triple crown by winning all three championships in the same year. USAC had awarded a national championship until A. J. Foyt won his seventh title in 1979. It has announced that it will begin awarding a national championship starting in 2010. A driver's finishes in their 25 best races are counted toward the championship and the 2010 winner received $40,000. Points are accumulated in the three national series: sprints, midgets, and silver crown.

WWE United States Championship The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand. It is one of two secondary titles for WWE's main roster, along with the WWE Intercontinental Championship on the Raw brand. The current champion is Rusev, who is in his third reign. The championship was established on January 1, 1975, as the version of the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship that was defended in Jim Crockett Promotions, and later assumed by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which eventually seceded from the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).

"The Big Texan Steak Ranch"
Tornado Museum resided off in a far corner of the parking lot on the property. The Big Texan is best known for its 72 ounce (4.5 pounds or 2.04 kg) steak, nicknamed ""The Texas King."" The steak is free to anyone who, in one hour or less, can eat the entire meal, consisting of the steak itself, a bread roll with butter, a baked potato, shrimp cocktail, and a salad; otherwise, the meal costs $72. Those who have successfully consumed the Texas King meal have their names recorded and posted at the restaurant. As of February 2018, over 9,500 people

achievement that he declared, ""Whoever eats that much again in my restaurant, he gets it for free."" Those who take on the Texas King challenge are required to pay for the meal in advance and, if they are successful, their money is refunded. The steak is cooked to the participant's preference, and the challenge takes place at a table for six on a raised platform in the middle of the main dining room. The record for the shortest time to finish the entire Texas King meal had been held by competitive eating champion Joey Chestnut (at 8 minutes and 52

out of about 62,000 have accomplished this feat. According to the restaurant, when featured on the TV show ""Man v. Food"", the challenge started in 1960, when founder Bob Lee decided to hold a contest over which of the cowboys working in the stockyards could eat the most steaks in one hour, with a prize of $5 (over $41 when adjusted for inflation in 2017) at stake. One cowboy ate four and a half 1-pound steaks, a shrimp cocktail, baked potato, dinner roll, and a salad in the hour's time to win the $5. Lee was so impressed with the

"Texas Roadhouse"
a crisis management firm has used this controversy as an example of poor crisis management and public relations. Texas Roadhouse Texas Roadhouse is an American chain restaurant that specializes in steaks and promotes a Western theme. Texas Roadhouse Corporation is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. The chain operates about 563 (June 2018) locations in 49 U.S. states (no location in Hawaii) and in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, the Philippines, Mexico, and Taiwan. It is known for its free buckets of peanuts at each table along with free yeast rolls. Texas Roadhouse was founded on February 17,

seconds), breaking Frank Pastore's 1987 record (of 9 minutes 30 seconds, which stood for 21 years) on his March 24, 2008 visit. On May 26, 2014, he was bested by 125-pound competitive eater Molly Schuyler, who polished off the meal in just 4 minutes 58 seconds, and came back for seconds (14 minutes and 57 seconds for two meals). She did not, however, eat a third steak meal in the same hour. Schuyler returned on April 19, 2015 and would finish her first meal in 4 minutes 18 seconds, beating her own record by 40 seconds. She had defeated four

other teams of competitors in the challenge, devouring two more meals in twenty minutes. The unofficial record (for all animals, including humans) was held by a 500-pound Siberian tiger who ate the steak in 90 seconds in 1999, until bested by a lioness in 2012 clocking in at 80 seconds. The Texas King meal is shown in the movie ""Waking Up in Reno"", with Billy Bob Thornton taking the challenge. It is also shown on the Travel Channel's ""Man v. Food"", where host Adam Richman completes the challenge and in """", where Bourdain declines to compete but his cameraman takes

"LongHorn Steakhouse"
The restaurant offers a full bar with draft and bottled beer, wine, and several signature margaritas. A lunch menu that includes soups, salads, sandwiches, and hamburgers is available. According to research conducted between May 2016 - May 2017, 37.5 percent of diners preferred their steak done medium, 25.8 percent medium-well, 22.5 percent medium-rare, 11.7 percent well done, and only 2.5 percent preferred their steak to be rare. LongHorn Steakhouse LongHorn Steakhouse is an American casual dining restaurant chain that is owned and operated by Darden Restaurants, Inc., headquartered in Orlando, Florida. As of 2016, LongHorn Steakhouse generated $1.6 billion in

Texas Roadhouse Texas Roadhouse is an American chain restaurant that specializes in steaks and promotes a Western theme. Texas Roadhouse Corporation is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. The chain operates about 563 (June 2018) locations in 49 U.S. states (no location in Hawaii) and in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, the Philippines, Mexico, and Taiwan. It is known for its free buckets of peanuts at each table along with free yeast rolls. Texas Roadhouse was founded on February 17, 1993, at the Green Tree Mall in Clarksville, Indiana; across the Ohio River from Louisville. Founder W. Kent

"Billy Bob's Texas"
Billy Bob's Texas Billy Bob's Texas is a country & western nightclub located in the Fort Worth Stockyards, Texas, United States. It promotes itself as ""The World's Largest Honky Tonk,"" at 100,000 square feet of interior space and nearly 20 acres of parking space. Billy Bob Barnett, a Texas A&M University graduate and professional football player, teamed up with nightclub owner and former car salesman, Spencer Taylor. While looking for a location to fit their idea, the men decided upon an abandoned 100,000-square-foot department store that was at one time an open-air cattle barn. With some additional investors, Barnett and

"Texas Pete"
Texas Pete Texas Pete is a Louisiana-style hot sauce in the United States developed and manufactured by the TW Garner Food Company in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The brand has 6, 12, and 24 ounce bottles with bright red sauce, flip top, and white and yellow label featuring the name in red and ""Texas Pete,"" a red silhouette cowboy. Texas Pete is fairly mild, registering 747 on the Scoville heat scale. Its auxiliary branded Hotter Hot Sauce is claimed to be three times hotter than original Texas Pete. Texas Pete also makes a sautéed garlic hot sauce. In 2013, Texas Pete

"Publication history of Wonder Woman"
Publication history of Wonder Woman This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in ""All Star Comics"" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in ""Sensation Comics"" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942). Since her debut, five regular series of ""Wonder Woman"" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth. Wonder Woman was introduced in ""All Star Comics"" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the ""Golden Age of Comic Books"". Following this

"Wonder Woman"
the eagle in her bodice and debuted in 1982. The emblem in turn was incorporated by studio letterer Todd Klein onto the monthly title's logo, which lasted for a year and a half before being replaced by a version from Glaser's studio. With sales of the title continuing to decline in 1985 (despite an unpublished revamp that was solicited), the series was canceled and ended in issue #329 (February 1986) written by Gerry Conway, depicting Steve Trevor's marriage to Wonder Woman. The ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"" crossover of 1986 was designed and written with the purpose of streamlining most of

be a woman: Marston introduced the idea to Gaines. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed ""Wonder Woman"", whom he believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman. Marston also drew inspiration from the bracelets worn by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polyamorous relationship. Wonder Woman debuted in ""All Star Comics"" #8 (cover date Dec/Jan 1941/1942, released in October 1941), scripted by Marston. Marston was the creator of a systolic-blood-pressure-measuring apparatus, which was crucial to the development of the polygraph (lie detector). Marston's experience with polygraphs convinced him that women were more honest than men

debut, she was featured in ""Sensation Comics"" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942). Wonder Woman took her place beside the extant superheroines or antiheroes Fantomah, Black Widow, Invisible Scarlet O'Neil, and Canada's Nelvana of the Northern Lights. Until his death in 1947, Dr. William Moulton Marston was credited with writing all of the Wonder Woman stories; however, later in life, he hired assistant Joye Hummel to ghostwrite stories for him. H. G. Peter penciled the book in a simplistic yet easily identifiable style. Armed with bulletproof bracelets, a magic lasso,

a stylized ""WW"" emblem on her bodice, replacing the traditional eagle. The ""WW"" emblem, unlike the eagle, could be protected as a trademark and therefore had greater merchandising potential. ""Wonder Woman"" #288 (February 1982) premiered the new costume and an altered cover banner incorporating the ""WW"" emblem. The new emblem was the creation of Milton Glaser, who also designed the ""bullet"" logo adopted by DC in 1977, and the cover banner was originally made by studio letterer Todd Klein, which lasted for a year and a half before being replaced by a version from Glaser's studio. Dann Thomas co-wrote ""Wonder

we truly think they wouldn’t be labeled sluts? I have my doubts."" Wonder Woman Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a founding member of the Justice League, and an ambassador of the Amazon people. The character first appeared in ""All Star Comics"" #8 in October 1941 with her first feature in ""Sensation Comics"" #1, January 1942. The ""Wonder Woman"" title has been published by DC Comics almost continuously except for a brief hiatus in 1986. In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess

Woman"" #300 (Feb. 1983) and, as Roy Thomas noted in 1999 ""became the first woman ever to receive scripting credit on the world's foremost super-heroine."" After the departure of Thomas in 1983, Dan Mishkin took over the writing. Mishkin and Colan reintroduced the character Circe to the rogues gallery of Wonder Woman's adversaries. Don Heck replaced Colan as artist as of issue #306 (Aug. 1983) but sales of the title continued to decline. Shortly after Mishkin's departure in 1985 – including a three-issue run by Mindy Newell and a never-published revamp by Steve Gerber – the series ended with issue

a new ""Wonder Woman"" series for DC Comics in June 2016. The many volumes of Wonder Woman have been collected in various formats: Publication history of Wonder Woman This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in ""All Star Comics"" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in ""Sensation Comics"" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942). Since her debut, five regular series of ""Wonder Woman"" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth. Wonder Woman was introduced

Wonder Woman Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a founding member of the Justice League, and an ambassador of the Amazon people. The character first appeared in ""All Star Comics"" #8 in October 1941 with her first feature in ""Sensation Comics"" #1, January 1942. The ""Wonder Woman"" title has been published by DC Comics almost continuously except for a brief hiatus in 1986. In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta. When blending into the society outside

physique. The Greek war god Ares and the witch Circe eventually became two of Diana's greatest enemies. Her rogues gallery included the Cheetah, a woman who could transform into a ferocious feline-humanoid creature; and the Silver Swan, a once-deformed radiation victim granted beauty, wings and deafening sonic powers through genetic engineering. Following Pérez, William Messner-Loebs took over as writer and Mike Deodato became the artist for the title. Messner-Loebs introduced Diana's Daxamite friend Julia in Wonder Woman vol. 2 #68 during the six-issue space arc. Messner-Loebs's most memorable contribution to the title was the introduction of the red-headed Amazon Artemis,

what are the four requirements to establish criminal liability for gross negligence manslaughter

"Criminal negligence"
Criminal negligence In criminal law, criminal negligence is a surrogate ""mens rea"" (Latin for ""guilty mind"") required to constitute a ""conventional"" as opposed to strict liability offense. It is not, strictly speaking, a ""mens rea"" because it refers to an objective standard of behaviour expected of the defendant and does not refer to their mental state. To constitute a crime, there must be an ""actus reus"" (Latin for ""guilty act"") accompanied by the ""mens rea"" (see concurrence). Negligence shows the least level of culpability, intention being the most serious, and recklessness being of intermediate seriousness, overlapping with gross negligence. The

Culpability
to be necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for culpability. From a legal perspective, culpability describes the degree of one's ""blameworthiness"" in the commission of a crime or offense. Except for strict liability crimes, the type and severity of punishment often follow the degree of culpability. ""Culpability means, first and foremost, direct involvement in the wrongdoing, such as through participation or instruction"", as compared with responsibility merely arising from ""failure to supervise or to maintain adequate controls or ethical culture"". Modern criminal codes in the United States usually make distinct four degrees of culpability. Legal definitions of culpability are: In short:

the United States, there may sometimes be a slightly different interpretation for willful blindness.) The degree of culpability is determined by applying a reasonable-person standard. Criminal negligence becomes ""gross"" when the failure to foresee involves a ""wanton disregard for human life"" (see the discussion in corporate manslaughter). The test of any ""mens rea"" element is always based on an assessment of whether the accused had foresight of the prohibited consequences and desired to cause those consequences to occur. The three types of test are: The most culpable ""mens rea"" elements will have both foresight and desire on a subjective basis.

"Strict liability"
Strict liability In criminal and civil law, strict liability is a standard of liability under which a person is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the part of the defendant. In the field of torts, prominent examples of strict liability include product liability, abnormally dangerous activities (e.g., blasting), intrusion onto another's land by livestock, and ownership of wild animals. Traditional criminal offenses which require no element of intent (mens rea) include statutory rape and felony murder. In tort law, strict liability is the imposition of liability on

"Strict liability (criminal)"
Strict liability (criminal) In criminal law, strict liability is liability for which ""mens rea"" (Latin for ""guilty mind"") does not have to be proven in relation to one or more elements comprising the ""actus reus"" (Latin for ""guilty act"") although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the offense. The liability is said to be strict because defendants will be convicted even though they were genuinely ignorant of one or more factors that made their acts or omissions criminal. The defendants may therefore not be culpable in any real way, i.e. there is not

The first two types of culpability are each a subset of the following. Thus if someone acts purposely, they also act knowingly. If someone acts knowingly, they also act recklessly. The definitions of specific crimes refer to these degrees to establish the mens rea (mental state) necessary for a person to be guilty of a crime. The stricter the culpability requirements, the harder it is for the prosecution to prove its case. For instance, the definition of first degree murder (again in PA) is ""A criminal homicide constitutes murder of the first degree when it is committed by an intentional

killing."" Thus to be guilty of murder in the first degree, one must have an explicit goal in one's mind to cause the death of another. On the other hand, reckless endangerment has a much broader requirement: ""A person commits a misdemeanor of the second degree if he recklessly engages in conduct which places or may place another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury."" Thus to be guilty of this one only needs to be aware of a substantial risk he is putting others in danger of; it does not have to be one's explicit goal to

Negligence
a negligence action: duty, breach, proximate causation and injury. A plaintiff who makes a negligence claim must prove all four elements of negligence in order to win his or her case. Therefore, if it is highly unlikely that the plaintiff can prove one of the elements, the defendant may request judicial resolution early on, to prevent the case from going to a jury. This can be by way of a demurrer, motion to dismiss, or motion for summary judgment. The elements allow a defendant to test a plaintiff's accusations before trial, as well as providing a guide to the finder

had reason to believe that they were not committing a crime, not simply a lack of knowledge that they were. Strict liability (criminal) In criminal law, strict liability is liability for which ""mens rea"" (Latin for ""guilty mind"") does not have to be proven in relation to one or more elements comprising the ""actus reus"" (Latin for ""guilty act"") although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the offense. The liability is said to be strict because defendants will be convicted even though they were genuinely ignorant of one or more factors that made

put people in risk. (But, if one's goal ""is"" to put others in substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury, this is, of course, sufficient.) There is one more type of culpability, and that is ""strict liability"". In strict liability crimes, the actor is responsible no matter what his mental state; if the result occurs, the actor is liable. An example is the felony murder rule: if the prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that one commits a qualifying felony (see the article) during which death results, one is held strictly liable for murder and the prosecution does not have

"Robin Atkin Downes"
Downes was born in London and now lives in Los Angeles. He has been married to actress Michael Ann Young since 2004. Robin Atkin Downes Robin Atkin Downes (born September 6, 1976) is an English actor and voice actor, who is primarily known for his work in animation, live-action and video games. Downes has appeared in the films ""How to Train Your Dragon"", ""Steamboy"" and ""Superman vs. The Elite"", TV shows including ""Angel"", """", ""Babylon 5"", ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"", ""Regular Show"", """" and ""ThunderCats"" as well as video games such as ""Gears of War"", ""Metal Gear"", ""No More Heroes"",

Robin Atkin Downes Robin Atkin Downes (born September 6, 1976) is an English actor and voice actor, who is primarily known for his work in animation, live-action and video games. Downes has appeared in the films ""How to Train Your Dragon"", ""Steamboy"" and ""Superman vs. The Elite"", TV shows including ""Angel"", """", ""Babylon 5"", ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"", ""Regular Show"", """" and ""ThunderCats"" as well as video games such as ""Gears of War"", ""Metal Gear"", ""No More Heroes"", ""Ratchet & Clank"", """", as the Medic in ""Team Fortress 2"", """", ""The Last of Us"", ""Tomb Raider"", ""Uncharted"" and ""X-Men Legends"".

"Adam Howden"
Adam Howden Adam Howden (; born 1 July 1983) is an English actor who has worked in video games, television, theatre, film, and audiobooks. With video games, his most notable roles are as Anders in ""Dragon Age II"", as Shulk in ""Xenoblade Chronicles"" and ""Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U"", as ""Tintin"" for the video game based on the film, ""The Adventures of Tintin"", as Pipin in the ""Final Fantasy XIV"" expansion pack """", and as Fenton Paddock in the point-and-click adventure game ""Lost Horizon"". On television, Adam has done guest star acting on the ""BBC One""

"Andrew Jackson (actor)"
Andrew Jackson (actor) Andrew Jackson (born September 11, 1963) is a Canadian actor. Born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada, Jackson has played major roles in various television shows and movies, including ""Merlin's Apprentice"", ""All My Children"", ""Wind at My Back"" (2nd season as David Doyle, the Dynamite Kid in ""The Champ"") (5th season as Vanaver Mainwaring, Grace Bailey's husband), ""Held Up"", ""Criminal Minds"", ""Deadly Betrayal"", ""Kyle XY"", ""Twists of Terror"" and ""Sea Wolf"". He also played the voices of Rubanoid, Plitheon, Sabator and Phosphos in ""Bakugan: Gundalian Invaders"", Dylan, Wolfurio, Zenthon, Zenthon Titan, Slycerak, Spatterix and Balista in ""Bakugan: Mechtanium Surge"",

"T.J. Miller"
T.J. Miller Todd Joseph Miller (born June 4, 1981) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, producer, and writer. In 2008, he made his acting debut in ""Cloverfield"", and from 2010 to 2019, he voiced Tuffnut Thorston in all three ""How to Train Your Dragon"" films. From 2014 to 2017, he starred as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom ""Silicon Valley"", and also played Marvel Comics character Weasel in 2016's ""Deadpool"" and its 2018 sequel, ""Deadpool 2"". Miller also has had roles in films such as ""Yogi Bear"", ""She's Out of My League"", """", ""Big Hero 6"", ""Office Christmas Party"", ""The

"Clive Revill"
Wrote"", ""Babylon 5"", ""The Feather and Father Gang"", ""Newhart"", ""MacGyver"", ""Dear John"", ""The Fall Guy"", ""Maude"", and """". He starred as the wizard Vector in the short-lived series ""Wizards and Warriors"". Revill is known for his proficiency with accents. He is also known for his voice work in feature-length films and animated series, which includes Alfred Pennyworth in the first three episodes of """", the voice of Chico in the seven episodes of ""Chico the Rainmaker"" (The Boy with the Two Heads) (1974), the voice of Emperor Palpatine/Darth Sidious in the original 1980 version of ""The Empire Strikes Back"" (he

everyone who works on the show."" T.J. Miller Todd Joseph Miller (born June 4, 1981) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, producer, and writer. In 2008, he made his acting debut in ""Cloverfield"", and from 2010 to 2019, he voiced Tuffnut Thorston in all three ""How to Train Your Dragon"" films. From 2014 to 2017, he starred as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom ""Silicon Valley"", and also played Marvel Comics character Weasel in 2016's ""Deadpool"" and its 2018 sequel, ""Deadpool 2"". Miller also has had roles in films such as ""Yogi Bear"", ""She's Out of My League"", """", ""Big

"DreamWorks Dragons"
DreamWorks Dragons DreamWorks Dragons is an American computer-animated television series based on the 2010 film ""How to Train Your Dragon"". The series serves as a bridge between the first film and its 2014 sequel. Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, T.J. Miller, and David Tennant reprise their voice-acting roles from ""How to Train Your Dragon"". New cast members include Julie Marcus and Andree Vermeulen as Ruffnut (previously voiced by Kristen Wiig), Zack Pearlman as Snotlout (previously voiced by Jonah Hill), Chris Edgerly as Gobber the Belch (previously voiced by Craig Ferguson), and Nolan North as Stoick the Vast (previously voiced

"Jay Baruchel"
Jay Baruchel Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel (; born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor and screenwriter. He played Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy television series ""Man Seeking Woman"" and played the lead character in Judd Apatow's comedy series, ""Undeclared"". He is known for his voice role as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III in the ""How to Train Your Dragon"" franchise, and for his roles in comedy movies such as ""Knocked Up"", ""Tropic Thunder"", ""Fanboys"", ""She's Out of My League"", ""Goon"", ""This Is the End"" and ""The Sorcerer's Apprentice"". Baruchel was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Robyne (née

"Kit Harington"
for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a Critics Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, among other accolades. In 2017, he was honoured with the Giffoni Experience Award at the Giffoni Film Festival. Harington has appeared in several feature films including the historical romance film ""Pompeii"" (2014), British drama ""Testament of Youth"" (2014) and provided the voice of Eret in the ""How to Train Your Dragon"" franchise. Harington was born on 26 December 1986 in Acton, London, to Deborah Jane (Catesby), a former playwright, and Sir David Harington, 15th Baronet, a businessman. His

"Clyde Johnson"
Clyde Johnson Clyde Elmer Johnson (August 22, 1917 – September 14, 1997) was an American football player. He played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats football team and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team tackle on the 1942 College Football All-America Team. He was Kentucky's first All-American football player. At six feet, six inches, and 269 pounds, he was one of the largest football players of his day. He was drafted by the Cleveland Rams with the 35th pick in the 1943 NFL Draft, but his professional debut was delayed during World War II. After the war,

he played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Rams in 1946 and 1947 and for the Los Angeles Dons in 1948. He died in 1997 in Orange County, California, at age 80. Clyde Johnson Clyde Elmer Johnson (August 22, 1917 – September 14, 1997) was an American football player. He played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats football team and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team tackle on the 1942 College Football All-America Team. He was Kentucky's first All-American football player. At six feet, six inches, and 269 pounds, he was one of the largest

"Abby and Brittany Hensel"
Abby and Brittany Hensel Abigail Loraine Hensel and Brittany Lee Hensel (born March 7, 1990) are American dicephalic parapagus twins; also known as conjoined twins. They are highly symmetric for conjoined twins, giving the appearance of having a single body without marked variation from normal proportions. Each has a separate heart, stomach, spine, pair of lungs, and spinal cord. Each twin controls one arm and one leg. As infants, learning to crawl, walk and clap required them to cooperate. They can eat and write separately and simultaneously. Activities such as running, swimming, hair brushing and driving a car require coordinated

"Bill Triplett"
Bill Triplett William Clarence Triplett (born May 9, 1940) is a former American football running back. He played 10 years in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1962–63, 1965–66), New York Giants (1967), and Detroit Lions (1968–72). He also played college football for Miami University (Ohio). Triplett was born in 1940 in either Indianola, Mississippi, or Shaw, Mississippi. His family moved to Girard, Ohio, where he attended Girard High School. His older brother, Mel Triplett, played in the NFL as a running back and defensive back from 1955 to 1962. Triplett attended Miami University in Oxford,

& Brittany"" that started in August 2012. ""Abby and Brittany: Joined for Life"" was shown by the BBC in the UK in May 2013, and covers the period from their finishing college to starting a part-time teaching job. Documentaries and other television appearances include: Abby and Brittany Hensel Abigail Loraine Hensel and Brittany Lee Hensel (born March 7, 1990) are American dicephalic parapagus twins; also known as conjoined twins. They are highly symmetric for conjoined twins, giving the appearance of having a single body without marked variation from normal proportions. Each has a separate heart, stomach, spine, pair of lungs,

"DeMarcus Cousins"
DeMarcus Cousins DeMarcus Amir Cousins (born August 13, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed ""Boogie"", he played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats, where he was an All-American in 2010. He left Kentucky after one season, and was selected with the fifth overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Sacramento Kings. In his first season with the Kings, Cousins was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team, and from 2015 to 2018, he was named an NBA All-Star. He is also a two-time gold medal

"Mookie Blaylock"
the same crime, although their characters are not featured in a majority of the episode. The suspects names are Roland ""Mookie"" Benitez and Eric Blaylock. In 2011, two of Blaylock's sons, twins Daron and Zack, committed to play football for the University of Kentucky. The sons are graduates of Walton High School in Marietta, Georgia. Mookie Betts, an outfielder for the Boston Red Sox was named after Blaylock. Blaylock resides in Zebulon, Georgia. His youngest son, Dominic, is also a graduate of Walton High School, and has committed to play football for UGA. During the afternoon of May 31, 2013,

"The Armstrong Twins"
The Armstrong Twins The Armstrong Twins were a bluegrass and country duo consisting of the twins Floyd (1930-1994) and Lloyd Armstrong (1930-1999). They were born on January 24, 1930 in De Witt, Arkansas to a musical family, and active mostly in the 1940s and 1950s. They were one of several brother duos of their era, of which they were the only twins. Initially they both played guitar; but after randomly picking an instrument at a pawn shop in 1938 at his father's behest (""It's a wonder I didn't pick a tuba""), Lloyd started to play the mandolin and sing harmony,

"Poe brothers"
Poe brothers The Poe brothers were six American football players who played football at Princeton University from 1882 until 1901. They were sons of John P. Poe Sr., an 1854 Princeton graduate and the Attorney General of Maryland from 1891 until 1895. They were also second cousins, twice removed (see below), of the poet and short story writer Edgar Allan Poe, who died in 1849. Edgar Allan was the quarterback of the 1889 team, which finished with a perfect 10-0 record. After that season, Poe was named the quarterback of the 1889 College Football All-America Team—the first such team selected.

to the author. Poe brothers The Poe brothers were six American football players who played football at Princeton University from 1882 until 1901. They were sons of John P. Poe Sr., an 1854 Princeton graduate and the Attorney General of Maryland from 1891 until 1895. They were also second cousins, twice removed (see below), of the poet and short story writer Edgar Allan Poe, who died in 1849. Edgar Allan was the quarterback of the 1889 team, which finished with a perfect 10-0 record. After that season, Poe was named the quarterback of the 1889 College Football All-America Team—the first

"Michael Buffer"
Michael Buffer Michael Buffer (born November 2, 1944) is an American ring announcer for boxing and professional wrestling matches. He is known for his trademarked catchphrase, ""Let's get ready to rumble!"" and for pioneering a distinct announcing style in which he rolls certain letters and adds other inflections to a fighter's name. His half-brother is UFC announcer Bruce Buffer. Buffer was born and raised in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to an enlisted man in the United States Navy and his wife during World War II. His parents divorced when he was 11 months of age, and Buffer was then raised by foster

1984, Buffer developed the catchphrase ""Let's get ready to rumble"" in his announcing, which gained enormous popularity. He began the process of obtaining a federal trademark for the phrase in the 1980s, acquiring it in 1992. Consequently, Buffer has earned in excess of $400 million with the license for his trademark. By the late 1980s, Buffer was the exclusive ring announcer for all bouts in Donald Trump-owned casinos. Trump said of Buffer, ""He's great, he's the choice, he has a unique ability...I told my people, 'We got to have him.'"" Buffer's work was also admired by many boxing greats. Sugar

"Ready to Rumble"
Ready to Rumble Ready to Rumble is a 2000 American buddy comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Steven Brill, which is based on Turner Broadcasting's now defunct professional wrestling promotion, World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The movie draws its title from ring announcer Michael Buffer's catchphrase, ""Let's get ready to rumble!"" The movie features many wrestlers from WCW. Some countries such as Finland, Australia, and Japan were only able to see direct-to-video premiere releases of this film. For most of their lives, Sewage workers Gordie Boggs and Sean Dawkins have been avid wrestling fans. When ""WCW Monday Nitro""

"Mad Money"
locked up in a padded room in a straitjacket and tape over his mouth, as if in a mental institution (a reference to Cramer's book, the subtitle of which is ""Sane Investing in an Insane World""). The ""Main Event"" was introduced by boxing announcer Michael Buffer with his catch phrase ""Let's get ready to rumble!"". The featured guest on the show was then-New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer (a classmate of Cramer at Harvard Law School). Cramer went into the crowd and gave high fives to audience members who claimed to have had made money by following his stock tips.

"Let's roll"
no one could have been prepared. But we have our marching orders. My fellow Americans, let's roll!” He would use them again in the 2002 State of the Union address: “For too long our culture has said, ‘If it feels good, do it.’ Now America is embracing a new ethic and a new creed: ‘Let's roll.’” Let's roll ""Let's roll"" is a colloquialism that has been used extensively as a command to move and start an activity, attack, mission or project. The phrase has been used as early as 1908 in the cadence song now called ""The Army Goes Rolling

of his famous phrase - ""Let's get ready to bundle!"" He was also the announcer for the YouTube Boxing match between KSI vs Logan Paul on August 25, 2018. Buffer reproduced as an action figure in both Toy Biz's WCW line and Jakks Pacific's Rocky line. Buffer began using the phrase ""Let's get ready to rumble!"" in 1984. By 1992, he acquired a federal trademark for the phrase. Buffer uses his famous phrase in various licensing deals including the platinum selling album ""Jock Jams"" by Tommy Boy Records, the video games ""Ready 2 Rumble Boxing"", """" for the PlayStation 2,

Let's roll ""Let's roll"" is a colloquialism that has been used extensively as a command to move and start an activity, attack, mission or project. The phrase has been used as early as 1908 in the cadence song now called ""The Army Goes Rolling Along"", which likely extended into tank usage. ""The Roads Must Roll"", a science fiction story written in 1940 by Robert A. Heinlein, mentions a re-worded version of ""The Roll of the Caissons"" called ""Road Songs of the Transport Cadets"". The protagonist of the 1937 supernatural comedy, ""Topper"", played by Cary Grant, uses the phrase ""Let's roll""

Nintendo 64, Dreamcast and Game Boy Advance and ""Greatest Heavyweights of the Ring"" for the Sega Genesis and numerous other products. In addition, he has used variations of the phrase in advertisements, including the popular commercial for Mega Millions in which he says ""Let's get ready to Win Big!"" and the Kraft Cheese commercial in which he says ""Let's get ready to Crumble!"" and most recently for Progressive Insurance in which he says ""Let's get ready to bundle!"" The phrase, ""Are you ready to rumble?"" is spoken in the 1957 television show ""Maverick"", titled ""Stage West"" (episode 6, season one).

"Dick Biondi"
Dick Biondi Richard O. ""Dick"" Biondi (born September 13, 1932) is an American Top 40 and Oldies disc jockey. Calling himself The Wild I-tralian, he was one of the original ""screamers,"" known for his screaming delivery as well as his wild antics on the air and off. In a 1988 interview, Biondi related he had been fired 23 times; both fits of temper and jokes gone wrong were part of the tally. Over many years and many frequencies, Dick's close-of-the-program line was, ""God bless, bye, bye, Duke. Thanks a million for dialing our way."" Biondi gained national attention in the

"Bernard Brodie (military strategist)"
Bernard Brodie (military strategist) Bernard Brodie (May 20, 1910 – November 24, 1978) was an American military strategist well known for establishing the basics of nuclear strategy. Known as ""the American Clausewitz,"" and ""the original nuclear strategist,"" he was an initial architect of nuclear deterrence strategy and tried to ascertain the role and value of nuclear weapons after their creation. Brodie was initially a strong supporter of the concept of escalating responses; he promoted the view that a war in Europe would be started with conventional forces and escalate to nuclear only if and when necessary. After a meeting with

"Sergeant Major of the Army"
the issues of enlisted soldiers to all officers, from warrant officers and lieutenants to the Army's highest positions. As such, he or she is the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. The exact duties vary depending on the chief of staff, though much of the SMA's time is spent traveling throughout the Army, observing training and talking with soldiers and their families. Kenneth O. Preston held the rank from 15 January 2004 through 28 February 2011, the only incumbent to serve longer than four years. SMA Raymond F. Chandler III was succeeded by Command

Sergeant Major Daniel A. Dailey, on 30 January 2015. While the SMA is a non-commissioned officer, protocol places the SMA higher than all lieutenant generals (except for the Director of the Army Staff) for formal courtesies in addition to seating, billeting, transportation, and parking. The rank and position were based on those of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (established in its current incarnation on 23 May 1957). The Chief of Staff of the Army created the position in 1966 after asking leaders of the major commands for a personal recommendation. He asked that it not be considered a

"Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)"
Quartermaster Officer Areas of Concentration (AOCs) have been merged into 92A as Additional Skill Identifiers (ASIs) The officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Quartermaster General. The current Quartermaster General is Brigadier General Douglas M. McBride. The Quartermaster General does not have command authority over Quartermaster units, but instead commands the United States Army Quartermaster Center and School, located at Fort Lee, Virginia, near Petersburg. This school provides enlisted advanced individual training (AIT) and leader training for Quartermaster officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers. For a list of US Army Quartermaster Generals,

"Surgeon General of the United States Army"
prior to the 43rd Surgeon General, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho, (a Nurse Corps officer), all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers (military physicians). The incumbent Surgeon General, Lt. Gen. Nadja West, is a military physician. As a commanding general, TSG provides advice and assistance to the Chief of Staff, Army (CSA) and to the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) on all health care matters pertaining to the U.S. Army and its military health care system. He or she is responsible for development, policy direction, organization and overall management of an integrated Army-wide health service system and

"Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army"
The incumbent Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, since June 2017, is General James C. McConville. The senior leadership of the U.S. Department of the Army consists of two civilians, the Secretary of the Army and the Under Secretary of the Army, as well as two commissioned officers, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff and the U.S. Army Vice Chief of Staff. Under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of the Army (who in turn is under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense) the Vice Chief of Staff assists the Chief of Staff on

"Mark A. Milley"
Iraq War study remained unpublished by the Army. Milley has had multiple operational deployments including: Mark A. Milley Mark Alexander Milley (born June 20, 1958) is a four-star general in the United States Army and the 39th and current Chief of Staff of the Army. He previously served as the 21st commanding general of United States Army Forces Command from August 15, 2014 to August 9, 2015. As the Army Chief of Staff, Milley is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army. On December 8, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as

"United States Secretary of the Army"
the Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force. On 15 November 2017, Mark Esper was confirmed as the Secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office on 20 November 2017. The Senior Leadership of the Department of the Army consists of two civilians—the Secretary of the Army and the Under Secretary of the Army—and two military officers of four-star rank—the Chief of Staff of the Army and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army. The Secretary of the Army () is in effect the chief executive officer

Mark A. Milley Mark Alexander Milley (born June 20, 1958) is a four-star general in the United States Army and the 39th and current Chief of Staff of the Army. He previously served as the 21st commanding general of United States Army Forces Command from August 15, 2014 to August 9, 2015. As the Army Chief of Staff, Milley is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army. On December 8, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Born in Winchester, Massachusetts, Milley attended the

"Chief of Staff of the United States Army"
CSA is typically the highest-ranking officer on active-duty in the U.S. Army unless the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Army officers. The Chief of Staff of the Army is an administrative position based in the Pentagon. While the CSA does not have operational command authority over Army forces proper (which is within the purview of the Combatant Commanders who report to the Secretary of Defense), the CSA does exercise supervision of army units and organizations as the designee of the Secretary of the Army. The current Chief of Staff of the Army is

Commander-in-chief
commanders came to be called ""Commander-in-chief"". As of 2011, there are nine combatant commanders: six have regional responsibilities, and three have functional responsibilities. Before 2002, the combatant commanders were referred to in daily use as ""Commanders-in-chief"" (for instance: ""Commander in chief, U.S. Central Command""), even though the offices were in fact already designated as ""combatant commander"" (CCDR) in the law specifying the positions. On 24 October 2002, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced his decision that the use of ""Commander-in-chief"" would thereafter be reserved for the President only. In U.S. states, the governor also serves as the commander-in-chief of

who is in charge of new issues not mentioned in the constitution

his recommendations embody popular sovereignty. The President tailors his recommendations so that their natural implication is the enactment of new legislation, rather than some other action that Congress might undertake. Finally, the President shall have executive discretion to recommend measures of his choosing. Sidak explained that there is a connection between the Recommendation clause and the Petition Clause of the 1st Amendment: ""Through his performance of the duty to recommend measures to Congress, the President functions as the agent of a diffuse electorate who seek the redress of grievances. To muzzle the President, therefore, is to diminish the effectiveness of

"Article Five of the United States Constitution"
Article Five of the United States Constitution Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Under Article V, the process to alter the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments, and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either—as determined by Congress—the legislatures of

called it into session. does grant the president limited authority to convene and adjourn both Houses (or either of them) and mandates that it will meet at least once in a year to enact legislation on behalf of the people. Some delegates to the 1787 constitutional convention believed yearly meetings were not necessary, for there would not be enough legislative business for Congress to deal with annually. Nathaniel Gorham of Massachusetts argued that the time should be fixed to prevent disputes from arising within the legislature, and to allow the states to adjust their elections to correspond with the fixed

unanimous assent of the States' legislatures. Article Five of the United States Constitution Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Under Article V, the process to alter the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments, and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by

policy necessitating legislation by Congress, must be left to those branches due to the doctrine of separation of powers. The courts are highly deferential to Congress's exercise of its investigation powers, however. Congress has the power to investigate that which it could regulate, and the courts have interpreted Congress's regulatory powers broadly since the Great Depression. Section Two provides for the election of the House of Representatives every second year. Since Representatives are to be ""chosen... by the People,"" State Governors are not allowed to appoint temporary replacements when vacancies occur in a state's delegation to the House of Representatives;

grants the states the power to regulate the congressional election process, but establishes that Congress can alter those regulations or make its own regulations. Section 4 also requires Congress to assemble at least once per year. Section 5 lays out various rules for both houses of Congress, and grants the House of Representatives and the Senate the power to judge their own elections, determine the qualifications of their own members, and punish or expel their own members. Section 6 establishes the compensation, privileges, and restrictions of those holding congressional office. Section 7 lays out the procedures for passing a bill,

Clinton (1993): ""[T]he Recommendation Clause is less an obligation than a right. The President has the undisputed authority to recommend legislation, but he need not exercise that authority with respect to any particular subject or, for that matter, any subject."" To allow the government to act quickly in case of a major domestic or international crisis arising when Congress is not in session, the President is permitted to call extraordinary sessions of one or both Houses of Congress. If the two Houses cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the President may adjourn both Houses to such a time as

to the nation. The publication of the President's assessment conveys information to Congress- information uniquely gleaned from the President's perspective in his various roles as Commander-in-Chief, chief law enforcer, negotiator with foreign powers, and the like-that shall aid the legislature in public deliberation on matters that may justify the enactment of legislation because of their national importance. The president has the power and duty to recommend, for the consideration of Congress, such measures which the president deems as ""necessary and expedient"". At his inauguration George Washington declared in his : ""By the article establishing the executive department it is made

offsets the unrepresentative nature of the Senate, and compensates the large states for allowing equal voting rights to Senators from small states. This clause is known as the Presentment Clause. Before a bill becomes law, it must be presented to the President, who has ten days (excluding Sundays) to act upon it. If the President signs the bill, it becomes law. If he disapproves of the bill, he must return it to the House in which it originated together with his objections. This procedure has become known as the veto, although that particular word does not appear in the text

"National initiative"
Constitution is to believe the citizens have no other choice but to turn to their problem for the solution a seemingly preposterous notion when viewed from this perspective. The National Initiative for Democracy is a proposed Amendment to the US Constitution that recognizes the people's right to make laws, and an accompanying Federal Law that spells out the procedures for the people to develop and vote on laws. This proposed law making is ""supplemental"" to those means existing and established through the institutions of representative government (i.e. Congress and the President). If enacted, the proposed Amendment and the proposed Act,

"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"
Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF is a fund-raising program for children sponsored by the U.S. Fund for UNICEF. Started on Halloween 1950 as a local event in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, the program historically involves the distribution of small orange boxes by schools to trick-or-treaters, in which they can solicit small change donations from the houses they visit. Millions of children in the United States, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, and Hong Kong participate in Halloween-related fund-raising events for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF, and the program has raised over worldwide. Trick-or-Treat in UNICEF was invented by Mary Emma Allison. In 1949, the

UNICEF
awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, donated $17 which they received on Halloween to help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box has become a tradition in North America during the fall. These small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other locations before 31 October. , the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign has collected approximately CAD 91 million in Canada and over US$167 million

Allisons were living in Bridesburg, a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. When Mrs. Allison saw a UNICEF booth collecting funds to send powdered milk to undernourished children around the world, she thought of getting children to collect donations for UNICEF instead of candy. Reverend Clyde Allison introduced the concept to local Presbyterian churches. On Halloween 1950, the Allisons recruited their own children and their community's to go door-to-door collecting nickels and dimes in decorated milk cartons to aid children in post-World War II Europe. They collected a total of $17 and donated all of it to UNICEF. In 1953,

1969, 3.5 million American children were trick-or-treating for donations. Children (and adults) in the U.S. have collected more than $175 million for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Donations to Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF support UNICEF's global programing, but in 2005, half of the proceeds were targeted to a domestic cause, aiding victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF introduced mobile phone text message donations as well as a MySpace and Facebook page. In 2014, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF partnered with Crowdrise to expand the campaign's online presence, allowing participants to create personal fundraising web pages in addition to

traditional door-to-door trick-or-treating. Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF has also partnered with Coinstar to allow customers to submit their donations through Coinstar machines. The program has also expanded outside of the United States. UNICEF in Canada began Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF in 1955. The campaign was rebranded after the Government of Canada declared October 31 of each year ""National UNICEF Day"" in 2000. In 2006, UNICEF Canada discontinued the collection box part of their program, focusing instead on in-classroom fundraising and community engagement. In 2015, UNICEF Canada celebrated 60 years of the National UNICEF Day program having raised more than . Trick-or-Treat for

the United States Committee for UNICEF, later renamed the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, started actively promoting the program. By the 1960s, the concept had expanded throughout the United States, with small orange collection boxes distributed to millions of trick-or-treaters. When UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson said in his congratulatory letter: ""Your UNICEF Trick or Treat Day has helped turn a holiday too often marred by youthful vandalism into a program of basic training in world citizenship."" In 1967, Johnson declared Halloween, October 31, to be ""UNICEF Day"" in the United States; by

"Project C.U.R.E."
travel to developing countries where they are able to offer medical services. Location in which PROJECT C.U.R.E. Clinics have operated include: Guatemala, Kenya, Rwanda, Ghana, Bolivia, China, and Togo. C.U.R.E. Kits for Kids is a program where drawstring backpacks are filled with personal hygiene and basic ""medicine cabinet"" items that are scarce in the third world. Kits for Kids gives parents the supplies they need to care for their children at home. Each bag has a tag, which allows for tracking as it makes its way across the world and into the hands of a family in need. PROJECT C.U.R.E.

UNICEF
Committees collectively raise around one-third of UNICEF's annual income. This comes through contributions from corporations, civil society organizations around six million individual donors worldwide. In the United States, Nepal and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its ""Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF"" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy. UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others (Bahamas, Brunei, Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, and Singapore). Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEF's work through the

"UNICEF Canada"
not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Canada organized the first Trick or Treat Campaign in 1955, and continues to raise funds annually on Halloween (October 31), recognized for this long standing brand work now as National UNICEF Day. UNICEF Canada raises funds primarily through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies, emergency relief efforts and special events. UNICEF Canada is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from government partners and corporate and community partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Some

Trick-or-treating
a candle or electronic light), singing songs about St. Martin on St. Martin's Day (the 11th of November), in return for treats. In Northern Germany and Southern Denmark, children dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating on New Year's Eve in a tradition called """". UNICEF started a program in 1950 called Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF in which trick-or-treaters ask people to give money for the organization, usually instead of collecting candy. Participating trick-or-treaters say when they knock at doors ""Trick-or-treat for UNICEF!"" This program started as an alternative to candy. The organization has long produced disposable collection boxes that state

"Scooby-Doo (character)"
personality of the dog, Ruby and Spears looked for inspiration to the characters played by Bob Hope in his horror-comedies – a coward who shows traits of bravery when his friends are in danger. Veteran H-B voice artist Don Messick was the original voice of Scooby and spent decades working on the character. ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" premiered on CBS on September 13, 1969, at 10:30 am. EST and ran for two seasons, for a total of 25 episodes. Its final first-run episode aired on October 31, 1970. In most incarnations of the series, Scooby is regarded as a unique

Scooby-Doo
Scooby-Doo Scooby-Doo is an American animated franchise, comprising many animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day. Writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears created the original series, ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"", for Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1969. This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured four teenagers—Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville ""Shaggy"" Rogers—and their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo, who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and missteps. Following the success of the original series, Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros. Animation have produced numerous follow-up and spin-off animated series and several related

"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera. Produced for CBS, the series premiered as part of the network's Saturday morning schedule on September 13, 1969, and aired for two seasons until October 31, 1970. In 1978, a selection of episodes from the later series ""Scooby's All-Stars"" and ""The Scooby-Doo Show"" were aired on ABC under the ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" name and, as such, is sometimes marketed as its third season. The series centers on a group of characters consisting of four teenagers—Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley,

"Scooby-Doo (film)"
in June 2001. The film was originally set to have a much darker tone, essentially poking fun at the original series, much like ""The Brady Bunch Movie"", and was set for a PG-13 rating. Shaggy was set to be a stoner, and there were many marijuana references. Several rumors about these aspects in the original cartoon series were passed around by fans of the original and were to be incorporated into the live action film. In March 2001, one month into filming, the first official cast picture was released. According to actress Sarah Michelle Gellar, after the cast had signed

Lieberman was writing the film. As of 2014, Warner Bros. was restarting the film series with Randall Green writing a new movie. As of 2015, Warner Bros. had Tony Cervone directing an animated film, with Allison Abbate as producer and Dan Povenmire as executive producer. Originally planned for a September 21, 2018 release, it was later pushed back to May 15, 2020, with Dax Shepard co-directing and co-writing. The film, titled ""S.C.O.O.B."", is intended as the first film in a ""Hanna-Barbera Cinematic Universe"". In 2002, following the successes of the Cartoon Network reruns, the direct to video franchise, and the

plans to create a non-violent Saturday morning program that would appease the parent watch groups that had protested the superhero-based programs of the mid-1960s. Originally titled ""Mysteries Five"", and later ""Who's S-S-Scared?"", ""Scooby Doo, Where Are You!"" underwent a number of changes from script to screen (the most significant being the downplaying of the musical group angle borrowed from ""The Archie Show""). However, the basic concept—four teenagers (Fred, Daphne, Velma, and Shaggy) and a cowardly, clumsy Great Dane (Scooby-Doo) solving supernatural-related mysteries—was always in place. ""Scooby-Doo"" creators Joe Ruby and Ken Spears served as the story supervisors on the series.

the show, called ""House of Mystery"", Barbera, who developed and sold Hanna-Barbera shows while Hanna produced them, passed the task along to storywriters Joe Ruby and Ken Spears, as well as artist/character designer Iwao Takamoto. Their treatment, based in part on ""The Archie Show"", was titled ""Mysteries Five"" and featured five teenagers: Geoff, Mike, Kelly, Linda, and Linda's brother W.W., along with their bongo-playing dog, Too Much, who collectively formed the band Mysteries Five. When The Mysteries Five were not performing at gigs, they were out solving spooky mysteries involving ghosts, zombies, and other supernatural creatures. Ruby and Spears were

the Night"" on a flight to one of the development meetings, and decided to rename the dog ""Scooby-Doo"" and re-rechristen the show ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" The revised show was re-presented to CBS executives, who approved it for production. The first episode of ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" ""What a Night for a Knight"" debuted on the CBS network Saturday, September 13, 1969. The original voice cast featured veteran voice actor Don Messick as Scooby-Doo, radio DJ Casey Kasem (later host of radio's syndicated ""American Top 40"") as Shaggy, actor Frank Welker (later a veteran voice actor in his own right)

musical numbers The Archies performed during each program (one of which, ""Sugar, Sugar"", was the most successful ""Billboard"" number-one hit of 1969). Eager to build upon this success, Silverman contacted producers William Hanna and Joseph Barbera about creating another show based on a teenage rock group, this time featuring teens who solved mysteries between gigs. Silverman envisioned the show as a cross between the popular ""I Love a Mystery"" radio serials of the 1940s and either the Archie characters or the popular early 1960s television series ""The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis"". After attempting to develop his own version of

"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo"
A Pup Named Scooby-Doo A Pup Named Scooby-Doo is an American animated mystery comedy series produced by Hanna-Barbera. It is the eighth incarnation of the studio's ""Scooby-Doo"" franchise, and depicts juvenile versions of the title character and his human companions as they solve mysteries, similarly to the original ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" television series. The series was developed by Tom Ruegger and premiered on September 10, 1988, airing for four seasons on ABC as well as during the syndicated block ""The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera"" until August 17, 1991. Ruegger, along with most of Hanna-Barbera's production staff, departed from the

"Gold standard"
1971 (the ""Nixon Shock""). This was meant to be a temporary measure, with the gold price of the dollar and the official rate of exchanges remaining constant. Revaluing currencies was the main purpose of this plan. No official revaluation or redemption occurred. The dollar subsequently floated. In December 1971, the ""Smithsonian Agreement"" was reached. In this agreement, the dollar was devalued from $35 per troy ounce of gold to $38. Other countries' currencies appreciated. However, gold convertibility did not resume. In October 1973, the price was raised to $42.22. Once again, the devaluation was insufficient. Within two weeks of the

second devaluation the dollar was left to float. The $42.22 par value was made official in September 1973, long after it had been abandoned in practice. In October 1976, the government officially changed the definition of the dollar; references to gold were removed from statutes. From this point, the international monetary system was made of pure fiat money. An estimated total of 174,100 tonnes of gold have been mined in human history, according to GFMS as of 2012. This is roughly equivalent to 5.6 billion troy ounces or, in terms of volume, about , or a cube on a side.

May 1938. Higher interest rates intensified the deflationary pressure on the dollar and reduced investment in U.S. banks. Commercial banks converted Federal Reserve Notes to gold in 1931, reducing its gold reserves and forcing a corresponding reduction in the amount of currency in circulation. This speculative attack created a panic in the U.S. banking system. Fearing imminent devaluation many depositors withdrew funds from U.S. banks. As bank runs grew, a reverse multiplier effect caused a contraction in the money supply. Additionally the New York Fed had loaned over $150 million in gold (over 240 tons) to European Central Banks. This

early 1930s, the Federal Reserve defended the dollar by raising interest rates, trying to increase the demand for dollars. This helped attract international investors who bought foreign assets with gold. Congress passed the Gold Reserve Act on 30 January 1934; the measure nationalized all gold by ordering Federal Reserve banks to turn over their supply to the U.S. Treasury. In return the banks received gold certificates to be used as reserves against deposits and Federal Reserve notes. The act also authorized the president to devalue the gold dollar. Under this authority the president, on 31 January 1934, changed the value

market price of gold in greenbacks was above the pre-War fixed price ($20.67 per ounce of gold) requiring deflation to achieve the pre-War price. This was accomplished by growing the stock of money less rapidly than real output. By 1879 the market price matched the mint price of gold. The coinage act of 1873 (also known as the Crime of ‘73) demonetized silver. This act removed the 412.5 grain silver dollar from circulation. Subsequently silver was only used in coins worth less than $1 (fractional currency). With the resumption of convertibility on June 30, 1879 the government again paid its

"Gold dollar"
was 1889. Congress abolished the gold dollar, along with the three-cent nickel and three-dollar piece, by the Act of September 26, 1890. A total of 19,499,337 gold dollars were coined, of which 18,223,438 were struck at Philadelphia, 1,004,000 at New Orleans, 109,138 at Charlotte, 90,232 at San Francisco and 72,529 at Dahlonega. According to an advertisement in the February 1899 issue of ""The Numismatist"", gold dollars brought $1.80 each, still in demand as a birthday present and for jewelry. That journal in 1905 carried news of a customer depositing 100 gold dollars into a bank; the teller, aware of the

official exchange rate of $35 per ounce; this option was not available to firms or individuals. All currencies pegged to the dollar thereby had a fixed value in terms of gold. Starting in the 1959–1969 administration of President Charles de Gaulle and continuing until 1970, France reduced its dollar reserves, exchanging them for gold at the official exchange rate, reducing US economic influence. This, along with the fiscal strain of federal expenditures for the Vietnam War and persistent balance of payments deficits, led U.S. President Richard Nixon to end international convertibility of the U.S. dollar to gold on August 15,

"Executive Order 6102"
their conservative views were in opposition to President Roosevelt's New Deal agenda. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 made gold clauses unenforceable, and changed the value of gold from $20.67 to $35 per ounce, thereby devaluing the U.S. dollar, as the dollar was gold-based. This price remained in effect until August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon announced that the United States would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, thus abandoning the gold standard for foreign exchange (see Nixon Shock). The private ownership of gold certificates was legalized in 1964, and they can be openly owned

"Gold as an investment"
countries implemented gold standards in the latter part of the 19th century until these were temporarily suspended in the financial crises involving World War I. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system pegged the United States dollar to gold at a rate of US$35 per troy ounce. The system existed until the 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US unilaterally suspended the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold and made the transition to a fiat currency system. The last major currency to be divorced from gold was the Swiss Franc in 2000. Since 1919 the most common

a variety of pegs to gold were put in place, eventually culminating in a sudden end, on August 15, 1971, to the convertibility of dollars to gold later dubbed the Nixon Shock. The last peg was $42.22 per ounce before the U.S. dollar was allowed to freely float on currency markets. According to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the largest note it ever printed was the $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934. These notes were printed from December 18, 1934, through January 9, 1935, and were issued by the Treasurer of the United States to Federal Reserve Banks only against

"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad"
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, known colloquially as the Soledad Mission or Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located near the present-day town of Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791 to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude. The town of Soledad is named for the mission. After the 1835 secularization of the mission and the later sale of building materials, the mission fell into

Catholic chapel and public museum. Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, known colloquially as the Soledad Mission or Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located near the present-day town of Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791 to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude. The town of Soledad is named for the mission. After the 1835 secularization of the mission and the later sale of building

a state of disrepair and soon after was left in ruins. A restoration project began in 1954 and a new chapel was dedicated in 1955. The chapel now functions as a chapel of Our Lady of Solitude, a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey. The priests' residence was later recreated, and functions as a museum. Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, ""La Misión de María Santísima, Nuestra Señora Dolorosísima de la Soledad"", was founded October 9, 1791 by Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, the 13th of 21 missions in California. The Chalon, a subgroup of the Ohlone were converted and

"Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó"
were virtually extinct. Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, or Mission Loreto, was founded on October 25, 1697 at the Monqui Native American (Indian) settlement of Conchó in the present city of Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Established by the Catholic Church's Jesuit missionary Juan María de Salvatierra, Loreto was the first successful mission and Spanish town in Baja California. The mission is located at . The mission closed in 1829. The Mission Church survives and is located in downtown Loreto. After Hernán Cortés' initial failed 1535 attempt to found a colony

"Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta"
a series of struggles saw her in a conflicted position of leadership that saw her removed and reinstated twice. Torres was beatified in 1950 and was later proclaimed a saint in 1970. Her liturgical feast is affixed to the date of her death as is the norm. In 2016, a movie was produced in Spain (original title: ""Luz de Soledad)"" that tells her vocation and the struggles during the early years of her life as founder. Manuela Torres Acosta was born on 2 December 1826 as the second of five children to Francisco Torres and Antonia Acosta in Madrid; she

made to work and live there, followed by Esselen and Yokut people. By 1803, there were 627 Mission Indians at Mission Soledad. At the Mission many Chalon married local Esselen speakers, while others married Yokuts were brought into the mission between 1806 and 1834. The mission's herds numbered 1,150 cattle, about 5,000 sheep, 30 swine, 670 horses and 40 mules. Spanish Governor José Joaquín de Arrillaga was buried in the chapel after he died on July 24, 1814 during a visit to the Mission. The mission was inundated by floods in 1824, 1828, and 1832, and following secularization (when Pio

Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, or Mission Loreto, was founded on October 25, 1697 at the Monqui Native American (Indian) settlement of Conchó in the present city of Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Established by the Catholic Church's Jesuit missionary Juan María de Salvatierra, Loreto was the first successful mission and Spanish town in Baja California. The mission is located at . The mission closed in 1829. The Mission Church survives and is located in downtown Loreto. After Hernán Cortés' initial failed 1535 attempt to found a colony in the Bay

"Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas"
Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas, also known as Calabasas, is a Spanish Mission in the Sonoran Desert, located near present-day near Tumacácori, Arizona. It was founded by Spanish Jesuit missionary Father Francisco Xavier Pauer in 1756. He took at least seventy-eight Pima Indians to the site from their village of ""Toacuquita"". The original San Cayetano mission was at Tumacacori and was founded by Father Eusebio Kino in 1691 on Kino's first major exploration trip into the Pimeria Alta. The mission church, houses and the granary were set ablaze during an Apache attack in 1777. The

"Mission San Buenaventura"
the first church burned down. Today, only a small section of the entire mission complex still stands; the cemetery to the left of the church is covered by a school. It took the neophytes 16 years to build the new church, which still functions as a parish church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The founding of the San Buenaventura Mission traces to the decision on Palm Sunday, March 30, 1749 by the Franciscan priest Junipero Serra to journey to the New World as a missionary to the native peoples. Thirty-three years and one day later he raised the Cross

"Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia"
Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciúncula"", in an area with a high concentration of potential converts. At a half-a-day's ride to the east, the mother mission was too distant to serve the area effectively. Father Presidente Junípero Serra had the opportunity to visit the ""asistencia"" on March 18, 1784, just five months before his death. Perhaps more important than its duty to provide religious instruction to the local natives was the settlement's role in growing crops and grazing livestock to feed the inhabitants of Mission San Gabriel, whose padres divided their time between that outpost and the new site. The

the type of display that google glass presents to its users is called what

"Google Glass"
Google Glass Google Glass is a brand of smart glasses—an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses. It was developed by X (previously Google X) with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displayed information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format. Wearers communicated with the Internet via natural language voice commands. Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified ""Glass Explorers"" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public on May 15, 2014. It had an integral 5 megapixel still/720p

"Holographic screen"
Holographic screen A holographic screen is a two dimensional display technology that uses coated glass media for the projection surface of a video projector. ""Holographic"" refers not to a stereoscopic effect (for that, see Holographic display), but to the coating that bundles light using formed microlenses. The lens design and attributes match the holographic area. The lenses may appear similar to the fresnel lenses used in overhead projectors. The resulting effect is that of a free-space display, because the image carrier appears very transparent. Additionally, the beam manipulation by the lenses can be used to make the image appear to

Other than the touchpad, Google Glass can be controlled using just ""voice actions"". To activate Glass, wearers tilt their heads 30° upward (which can be altered for preference) or simply tap the touchpad, and say ""O.K., Glass."" Once Glass is activated, wearers can say an action, such as ""Take a picture"", ""Record a video"", ""Hangout with [person/Google+ circle]"", ""Google 'What year was Wikipedia founded?'"", ""Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower"", and ""Send a message to John"" (many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013). For search results that are read back to

"Dome magnifier"
Dome magnifier A dome magnifier is a dome-shaped magnifying device made of glass or acrylic plastic, used to enlarge words on a page or computer screen. They are plano-convex lenses: the flat (planar) surface is placed on the object to be magnified, and the convex (dome) surface provides the enlargement. They usually provide between 1.8× and 6× magnification. Dome magnifiers are often used by the visually impaired. They are good for reading maps or basic text and their inherent 180° design naturally amplifies illumination from ambient side-light. They are suitable for people with tremors or impaired motor skills, because they

"Transparency (projection)"
Transparency (projection) A transparency, also known variously as a viewfoil, foil, or viewgraph, is a thin sheet of transparent flexible material, typically cellulose acetate, onto which figures can be drawn. These are then placed on an overhead projector for display to an audience. Many companies and small organizations use a system of projectors and transparencies in meetings and other groupings of people, though this system is being largely replaced by video projectors and interactive whiteboards. Transparencies can be printed on laser printers or copiers. Specialist transparencies are available for use with laser printers that are better able to handle the

"Screen magnifier"
Screen magnifier A screen magnifier is software that interfaces with a computer's graphical output to present enlarged screen content. By enlarging part (or all) of a screen, people with visual impairments can better see words and images. This type of assistive technology is useful for people with some functional vision; people with visual impairments and little or no functional vision usually use a screen reader. The simplest form of magnification presents an enlarged portion of the original screen content, the focus, so that it covers some or all of the full screen. This enlarged portion should include the content of

are held in contact with the page during use. Dome magnifier A dome magnifier is a dome-shaped magnifying device made of glass or acrylic plastic, used to enlarge words on a page or computer screen. They are plano-convex lenses: the flat (planar) surface is placed on the object to be magnified, and the convex (dome) surface provides the enlargement. They usually provide between 1.8× and 6× magnification. Dome magnifiers are often used by the visually impaired. They are good for reading maps or basic text and their inherent 180° design naturally amplifies illumination from ambient side-light. They are suitable for

"Stereo display"
volume. Other technologies have been developed to project light dots in the air above a device. An infrared laser is focused on the destination in space, generating a small bubble of plasma which emits visible light. Holographic display is a display technology that has the ability to provide all four eye mechanisms: binocular disparity, motion parallax, accommodation and convergence. The 3D objects can be viewed without wearing any special glasses and no visual fatigue will be caused to human eyes. In 2013, a Silicon valley Company LEIA Inc started manufacturing holographic displays well suited for mobile devices (watches, smartphones or

interactivity. There are two types of films: Most initial uses of this technology are advertising-related, such as shop windows. An interactive holographic screen can be mounted on the shop windows so that passersby can interact with it. Non-interactive holographic screens in shop windows can be coupled with artificial vision software to adapt ads based on the viewer's characteristics (age, sex, etc.). These types of screens are often used for the display of Vocaloids at concerts because they simulate the illusion of a holographically-projected virtual performer. Holographic screen A holographic screen is a two dimensional display technology that uses coated glass

"Fog display"
3D display. Fog display A fog display, fog screen, vapor screen or vapor display is a system that uses haze machines or water vapor to create a semi-transparent wall, or ""curtain"" of suspended particles which trapped in a thin sheet (Laminar Flow) of air and are illuminated by a projector, in order to produce a display whose images seem to float in mid air. Several commercial systems exist, such as FogScreen, Displair and Heliodisplay. There is also an open-source variant being developed called Hoverlay II This system can be expanded using multiple projectors to create a three-dimensional image, thus becoming

"2018 Winter Olympics"
the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. The Games featured 102 events over fifteen disciplines in seven sports, with the addition of ""big air"" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing to the Winter Olympic

2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in

These were offered as part of public demonstrations coordinated by KT and Intel. The emblem for the Games was unveiled on 3 May 2013. It is a stylised representation of the hangul letters ""p"" and ""ch"", these being the initial sounds of ""Pyeongchang"". The left-hand symbol is said to represent the Korean philosophical triad of heaven, earth and humanity ( ""cheon-ji-in""), and the right-hand symbol represents a crystal of ice. In the emblem and all official materials, Pyeongchang was stylised in CamelCase as ""PyeongChang"", in order to alleviate potential confusion with Pyongyang, the similarly-named capital of neighbouring North Korea. The

to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The

a single Winter Games. Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics. The host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics is Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China, elected on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing will be the first city ever to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place between

sold. The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 9 February 2018; the US$100 million facility was only intended to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies of these Olympics and the subsequent Paralympics, and is scheduled to be demolished following their conclusion. The 2018 Winter Olympics featured 102 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports, making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Six new events in existing sports were introduced to the Winter Olympic program in Pyeongchang: men's and ladies' big air snowboarding, mixed doubles curling,

2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighbouring Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These Games will be the first Winter Olympics ever to be held in China, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia,

been selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The Games took place from 9 to 25 February 2018. More than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries participated in 102 events. The Olympic Stadium and many of the sports venues were situated in the Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, while a number of other sports venues were located in the Gangneung Olympic Park in Pyeongchang's neighboring city of Gangneung. The lead-up to the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the tensions between

to whom do the powers not given to the federal government by the constitution go

"Enumerated powers (United States)"
Enumerated powers (United States) The Enumerated powers (also called Expressed powers, Explicit powers or Delegated powers) of the United States Congress are listed in of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Moreover, the Constitution expresses various other limitations on Congress, such as the one expressed by the Tenth Amendment: ""The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."" Historically, Congress

of power between the federal government and the states. The amendment states that the federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution. These powers include the power to declare war, to collect taxes, to regulate interstate business activities and others that are listed in the articles or in subsequent constitutional amendments. Any power not listed is, says the Tenth Amendment, left to the states or the people. While there is no specific list of what these ""reserved powers"" may be, the Supreme Court has ruled that laws affecting family relations, commerce within a state's own borders, and

"Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"
limiting the federal government to powers ""expressly"" delegated, which would have denied implied powers. James Madison opposed the amendments, stating that ""it was impossible to confine a Government to the exercise of express powers; there must necessarily be admitted powers by implication, unless the Constitution descended to recount every minutia."" When a vote on this version of the amendment with ""expressly delegated"" was defeated, Connecticut Representative Roger Sherman drafted the Tenth Amendment in its ratified form, omitting ""expressly."" Sherman's language allowed for an expansive reading of the powers implied by the Necessary and Proper Clause. When he introduced the Tenth

Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. It expresses the principle of federalism and states' rights, which strictly supports the entire plan of the original Constitution for the United States of America, by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the United States Constitution. All remaining powers are reserved for the states or the people. The amendment was proposed by the 1st United States Congress in 1789 during its first

"Powers of the United States Congress"
Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.” Congress is also granted a power by Article IV Section 3: “The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.” Other congressional powers have been granted, or confirmed, by constitutional amendments. The Thirteenth (1865), Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth Amendments (1870) gave Congress authority to enact legislation to enforce rights

and federal courts can hear appeals form lower state courts. The executive branch also has powers of its own that they use to make laws and establish regulations. The powers that are used in this branch are express, implied, and inherent. The President uses express powers to approve and veto bills and to make treaties as well. The President is constitutionally obligated to make sure that laws are faithfully executed and uses their powers to do just this. He uses implied powers to issue executive orders and enter into treaties with foreign nations. The executive branch uses inherent powers to

"Plenary power"
Congress is allowed to ""lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence [sic] and general Welfare of the United States"". How far this clause goes, and what it actually means in practice, has been hotly debated since the ratification of the Constitution. While other Constitutional doctrines, such as the unenumerated powers of states and the rights of individuals, are widely held (both historically and currently) as limiting the plenary power of Congress, then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist reflected that ""one of the greatest 'fictions' of our federal system is that the

what is the name given to the common currency to the european union

agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency. The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known

"Currencies of the European Union"
Currencies of the European Union There are eleven currencies of the European Union used officially by member states. The euro accounts for the majority of the member states with the remainder operating independent monetary policies. Those European Union states that have adopted it are known as the eurozone and share the European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB and the national central banks of all EU countries, including those who operate an independent currency, are part of the European System of Central Banks. The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union which came fully

EU Member states: Currencies of the European Union There are eleven currencies of the European Union used officially by member states. The euro accounts for the majority of the member states with the remainder operating independent monetary policies. Those European Union states that have adopted it are known as the eurozone and share the European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB and the national central banks of all EU countries, including those who operate an independent currency, are part of the European System of Central Banks. The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union

"European Central Bank"
European Central Bank The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) listed in the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The capital stock of the bank is owned by the central banks of all 28 EU member states. The Treaty of Amsterdam established the bank in 1998, and it is

"European Exchange Rate Mechanism"
II on 28 June 2004; the Cypriot pound, the Latvian lats and the Maltese lira on 2 May 2005; the Slovak koruna on 28 November 2005. These states have all since joined the eurozone, and hence left ERM II: Slovenia (1 January 2007), Cyprus (1 January 2008), Malta (1 January 2008), Slovakia (1 January 2009), Estonia (1 January 2011), Latvia (1 January 2014), and Lithuania (1 January 2015). As of 2016, only the Danish krone participates in ERM II. The currencies of Sweden (the Swedish krona), the three largest countries which joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 (the

Eurozone
Eurozone The eurozone (), officially called the euro area, is a monetary union of 19 of the 28 European Union (EU) member states which have adopted the euro (€) as their common currency and sole legal tender. The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem. The other nine members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies, although most of them are obliged to adopt the euro in the future. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Other

Euro
Euro The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 of member states of the European Union, as well as some of the territories of the EU. This group of states is known as the eurozone or euro area. It is the second largest and second most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar. The euro is subdivided into 100 cents. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and its territories, four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used

Polish złoty, the Czech koruna, and the Hungarian forint), the two countries which joined on 1 January 2007 (the Bulgarian lev, and the Romanian leu) as well Croatia, which joined the EU on 1 July 2013 (the Croatian kuna), are required to join in accordance with the terms of the applicable treaties of accession. Sweden has voted in a referendum to stay out of the mechanism, despite being expected to join by the ECB, since Sweden has no opt-out like Denmark or the UK. EU members are required to join the ERM by the Maastricht convergence criteria. Bulgaria sent a

into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of European Union's member states, with all but two bound to adopt it. It is the currency used by the institutions of the European Union and in the failed European Constitution it was to be included with the symbols of Europe as the formal currency of the European Union. The euro is also widely used by other states outside the EU. Except for the two states with opt outs, all current and future members of the EU are obliged to adopt the Euro as

which term describes the replacement of damaged cells to mend a tissue

"Fixation (histology)"
Fixation (histology) In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a critical step in the preparation of histological sections, its broad objective being to preserve cells and tissue components and to do this in such a way as to allow for the preparation of thin, stained sections. This allows the investigation of the tissues' structure, which is determined by the shapes and sizes of such

Revascularization
Revascularization In medical and surgical therapy, revascularization is the restoration of perfusion to a body part or organ that has suffered ischemia. It is typically accomplished by surgical means. Vascular bypass and angioplasty are the two primary means of revascularization. The term derives from the prefix re-, in this case meaning ""restoration"" and vasculature, which refers to the circulatory structures of an organ. It is often combined with ""urgent"" to form urgent vascularization. Revascularization involves a thorough analysis and diagnosis and treatment of the existing diseased vasculature of the affected organ, and can be aided by the use of different

Cosmesis
Cosmesis Cosmesis is the preservation, restoration, or bestowing of bodily beauty. In the medical context, it usually refers to the surgical correction of a disfiguring defect, or the cosmetic improvements made by a surgeon following incisions. Its use is generally limited to the additional, usually minor, steps that the surgeon (who is generally operating for noncosmetic indications) takes to improve the aesthetic appearance of the scars associated with the operation. Typical actions include removal of damaged tissue, mitigation of tension on the wound, and/or using fine (thin) sutures to close the outer layer of skin. Cosmetic surgery is the portion

"Regenerative endodontics"
Regenerative endodontics Regenerative endodontics is the use of biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged tooth structures such as dentin, root structures and cells of the pulp-dentin complete. Regenerative endodontics is the extension of root canal therapy. Conventional root canal therapy cleans and fills the pulp chamber with biologically inert material after destruction of the pulp due to dental caries, congenital deformity or trauma. Regenerative endodontics instead seeks to replace live tissue in the pulp chamber. To replace live tissue, either the existing cells of the body are stimulated to regrow the tissue native to the area or bioactive substances

"Wound healing"
to wound healing. An injury is an interruption of morphology and/or functionality of a given tissue. After injury, structural tissue heals with incomplete or complete regeneration. Whereas, tissue without an interruption to the morphology almost always completely regenerates. An example of complete regeneration without an interruption of the morphology is non-injured tissue, such as skin. Non-injured skin has a continued replacement and regeneration of cells which always results in complete regeneration. There is a subtle distinction between 'repair' and 'regeneration'. ""Repair"" means ""incomplete regeneration"". Repair or incomplete regeneration, refers to the physiologic adaptation of an organ after injury in an

"Hernia repair"
Hernia repair Hernia repair refers to a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia—a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall that contains it. It can be of two different types: herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty. This operation may be performed to correct hernias of the abdomen, groin, diaphragm, brain, or at the site of a previous operation. Hernia repair is often performed as an ambulatory procedure. The first differentiating factor in hernia repair is whether the surgery is done open, or laparoscopically. Open hernia repair is when an incision is made in the skin directly over the hernia.

used for reinforcement. Hernia repair Hernia repair refers to a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia—a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall that contains it. It can be of two different types: herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty. This operation may be performed to correct hernias of the abdomen, groin, diaphragm, brain, or at the site of a previous operation. Hernia repair is often performed as an ambulatory procedure. The first differentiating factor in hernia repair is whether the surgery is done open, or laparoscopically. Open hernia repair is when an incision is made in the skin directly

"Bone grafting"
Bone grafting Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some kind of small or acute fractures can be cured but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures. Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so. Bone grafts may be autologous (bone harvested from the patient’s own body, often from the iliac crest), allograft (cadaveric bone usually

"DNA repair"
DNA repair DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its

"Reconstructive surgery"
Reconstructive surgery Reconstructive surgery is, in its broadest sense, synonymous with plastic surgery. Commonly, however, reconstructive surgery is understood as the use of surgery to restore the form and function of the body, which does not include aesthetic or cosmetic surgery. For example, plastic surgeons, maxillo-facial surgeons and otolaryngologists do reconstructive surgery on faces after trauma and to reconstruct the head and neck after cancer. Other branches of surgery (""e.g."", general surgery, gynecological surgery, pediatric surgery, cosmetic surgery, podiatric surgery) also perform some reconstructive procedures. The common feature is that the operation attempts to restore the anatomy or the function

"Epeirogenic movement"
Epeirogenic movement In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek ""epeiros"", land, and ""genesis"", birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and are subject to epeirogeny. The movement may be one of subsidence toward, or of uplift from, the centre of the Earth. The movement is caused by a set of forces acting along an Earth radius, such as those contributing to isostasy and faulting in the lithosphere. Epeirogenic movement can be permanent or transient. Transient uplift can occur over a thermal anomaly

Orogeny
which developed in continental detachment systems at converged plate margins. Orogeny An orogeny is an event that leads to both structural deformation and compositional differentiation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) at convergent plate margins. An orogen or orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is pushed upwards to form one or more mountain ranges; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis. Orogeny is the primary mechanism by which mountains are built on continents. The word ""orogeny"" comes from Ancient Greek (, , + , , ). Although it was used before him,

"Erosion and tectonics"
of material is eroded away from the Earth's surface uplift occurs in order to maintain isostatic equilibrium. Because of isostasy, high erosion rates over significant horizontal areas can effectively suck up material from the lower crust and/or upper mantle. This process is known as ""isostatic rebound"" and is analogous to Earth's response following the removal of large glacial ice sheets. Isostatic uplift and corresponding erosion are responsible for the formation of regional-scale geologic features as well as localized structures. Two such examples include: Channel flow describes the process through which hot, viscous crustal material flows horizontally between the upper crust

to lithospheric heating resulting from thinning and the intrusion of widespread middle Tertiary batholiths of relatively low density. The South Swedish Dome has been uplifted and subsided multiple times by epeirogenic movements since the Cambrian leading to the uplift, tilting and partial erosion of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain. The doming has resulted in the formation of a piedmonttreppen relief in southern Sweden. Epeirogenic movement In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek ""epeiros"", land, and ""genesis"", birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and

"Tectonic subsidence"
Tectonic subsidence Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces created by faulting create subsidence on a large scale in a variety of environments, including passive margins, aulacogens, fore-arc basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins and pull-apart basins. Three mechanisms are common in the tectonic environments in which subsidence occurs: extension, cooling and loading. Where the lithosphere undergoes horizontal extension at a normal fault or rifting center, the crust will stretch until faulting occurs, either by a system of normal faults

Orogeny
Orogeny An orogeny is an event that leads to both structural deformation and compositional differentiation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) at convergent plate margins. An orogen or orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is pushed upwards to form one or more mountain ranges; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis. Orogeny is the primary mechanism by which mountains are built on continents. The word ""orogeny"" comes from Ancient Greek (, , + , , ). Although it was used before him, the term was employed by the American geologist G.K. Gilbert

"Tectonic uplift"
potential energy per unit surface area is proportional to the rate of increase of average surface height. The highest rates of working against gravity are required when the thickness of the crust (not the lithosphere) changes. Lithosphere on the oceanward side of an oceanic trench at a subduction zone will curve upwards due to the elastic properties of the Earth's crust. Orogenic uplift is the result of tectonic-plate collisions and results in mountain ranges or a more modest uplift over a large region. Perhaps the most extreme form of orogenic uplift is a continental-continental crustal collision. In this process, two

"Seafloor spreading"
Seafloor spreading Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ""ploughed"" through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the

"Plate tectonics"
convection; that is, the slow creeping motion of Earth's solid mantle. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from spreading ridges due to variations in topography (the ridge is a topographic high) and density changes in the crust (density increases as newly formed crust cools and moves away from the ridge). At subduction zones the relatively cold, dense crust is ""pulled"" or sinks down into the mantle over the downward convecting limb of a mantle cell. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by tidal forces of the Sun

Diastrophism
diastrophic movement was caused by gravitational contraction. In the United States, it was not until the late 1960s that thermal convection replaced the shrinking Earth theories. Diastrophism Diastrophism refers to deformation of the Earth's crust, and more especially to folding and faulting. Diastrophism can be considered part of geotectonics. ""Diastrophism"" comes from the Greek word meaning ""a twisting"". All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism. They include: (i) orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust; (ii) epeirogenic processes involving uplift

who was the first person to successfully introduce a device exclusively designed for data processing

to him in 1970, before the 1973 court ruling. In 1990, President George H. W. Bush awarded Atanasoff the United States National Medal of Technology, the highest U.S. honor conferred for achievements related to technological progress. Other distinctions awarded to Atanasoff include: John Vincent Atanasoff John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor, best known for being credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer. Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the ""Honeywell v. Sperry

"History of computer science"
previous human clerks. Since the values stored by digital machines were not bound to physical properties like analog devices, a logical computer, based on digital equipment, was able to do anything that could be described ""purely mechanical."" The theoretical Turing Machine, created by Alan Turing, is a hypothetical device theorized in order to study the properties of such hardware. Charles Babbage is often regarded as one of the first pioneers of computing. Beginning in the 1810s, Babbage had a vision of mechanically computing numbers and tables. Putting this into reality, Babbage designed a calculator to compute numbers up to 8

"Charles Babbage"
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage (; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer. Considered by some to be a ""father of the computer"", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex electronic designs, though all the essential ideas of modern computers are to be found in Babbage's analytical engine. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as ""pre-eminent"" among the many polymaths of his century. Parts of Babbage's incomplete

"History of computing"
inventors and scientists in making calculating tools. The apex of this early era of formal computing can be seen in the difference engine and its successor the analytical engine (which was never completely constructed but was designed in detail), both by Charles Babbage. The analytical engine combined concepts from his work and that of others to create a device that if constructed as designed would have possessed many properties of a modern electronic computer. These properties include such features as an internal ""scratch memory"" equivalent to RAM, multiple forms of output including a bell, a graph-plotter, and simple printer, and

"Human computer"
Human computer The term ""computer"", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant ""one who computes"": a person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic computers became commercially available. ""The human computer is supposed to be following fixed rules; he has no authority to deviate from them in any detail."" Teams of people were frequently used to undertake long and often tedious calculations; the work was divided so that this could be done in parallel. Frequently, the same calculations were performed independently by separate teams to check the correctness of the results. Since the

The 1937 Atanasoff–Berry computer design was the first digital electronic computer (though not programmable), and the Z3 computer from 1941, by German inventor Konrad Zuse was the first working programmable, fully automatic computing machine. Alan Turing modelled computation in terms of a one-dimensional storage tape, leading to the idea of the Turing machine and Turing-complete programming systems. During World War II, ballistics computing was done by women, who were hired as ""computers."" The term computer remained one that referred to mostly women (now seen as ""operator"") until 1945, after which it took on the modern definition of machinery it presently

"History of software"
However, these devices were pure hardware and had no software - their computing powers were directly tied to their specific form and engineering. Software requires the concept of a general-purpose processor - what is now described as a Turing machine - as well as computer memory in which reusable sets of routines and mathematical functions comprising programs can be stored, started, and stopped individually, and only appears recently in human history. The first known computer algorithm was written by Ada Lovelace in the 19th century for her friend and collaborator Charles Babbage's planned Analytical Engine, to translate Luigi Menabrea's work

History of software Software is programmed instructions stored in the memory of stored-program digital computers for execution by the processor. Software is a recent development in human history, and fundamental to the Information Age. Ada Lovelace's work for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine in the 19th century is often considered the founding of the discipline, though both mathematicians' efforts remained theoretical only, as the technology of Babbage's day proved insufficient to build his computer. Alan Turing is credited with being the first person to come up with a theory for software in 1935, which led to the two academic fields of

"History of computing hardware"
difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's daughter, translated and added notes to the """"Sketch of the Analytical Engine"""" by Luigi Federico Menabrea. This appears to be the first published description of programming, so Ada Lovelace is widely regarded as the first computer programmer. Following Babbage, although unaware of his earlier work, was Percy Ludgate, an accountant from Dublin, Ireland. He independently designed a programmable mechanical computer, which he described in a work that was

"Northern and southern Vietnam"
than the other two regions. Hanoi, being the capital of French Indochina, was the only place in Northern Vietnam with significant French influence. From 1954 to 1975, Vietnam was again divided into two separate nations, divided by the Bến Hải River in Quảng Trị Province at the 17th parallel. The North, ruled by a communist government, was allied with communist China and the Soviet Union, while the South had a free-market economy, quasi-democratic government and had contact with the United States, the West and Western-aligned nations. Although the nation has been united since 1975, linguistic, cultural, and other differences serve

Vietnam
while under military occupation by North Vietnam. On 2 July 1976, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The war left Vietnam devastated, with the total death toll standing at between 966,000 and 3.8 million. In the aftermath of the war, under Lê Duẩn's administration, there were no mass executions of South Vietnamese who had collaborated with the US and the defunct South Vietnamese government, confounding Western fears. However, up to 300,000 South Vietnamese were sent to re-education camps, where many endured torture, starvation and disease while being forced to perform hard labour. The

"South Vietnam"
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, ), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It received international recognition in 1949 as the ""State of Vietnam"" (a self-governing entity in the French Empire), which was a constitutional monarchy (1949–1955). This became the ""Republic of Vietnam"" in 1955. Its capital was Saigon. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines,

"History of Vietnam since 1945"
History of Vietnam since 1945 After World War II and the collapse of Vietnam's monarchy, France attempted to re-establish its colonial rule but was ultimately defeated in the First Indochina War. The Geneva Accords in 1954 partitioned the country temporarily in two with a promise of democratic elections in 1956 to reunite the country. However, the United States and South Vietnam insisted on United Nations supervision of any election to prevent fraud, which the Soviet Union and North Vietnam refused. North and South Vietnam therefore remained divided until The Vietnam War ended with the Fall of Saigon in 1975. After

"History of Vietnam"
of the Black Flag Army hired by the mandarins. France assumed control over the whole of Vietnam after the Tonkin Campaign (1883–1886). French Indochina was formed in October 1887 from Annam (Trung Kỳ, central Vietnam), Tonkin (Bắc Kỳ, northern Vietnam), Cochinchina (Nam Kỳ, southern Vietnam, and Cambodia, with Laos added in 1893). Within French Indochina, Cochinchina had the status of a colony, Annam was nominally a protectorate where the Nguyễn dynasty still ruled, and Tonkin had a French governor with local governments run by Vietnamese officials. After Gia Định fell to French troops, many resistance movements broke out in occupied

1949, the State of Vietnam was officially proclaimed, as a semi-independent country within the French Union, with Bảo Đại as Head of State. France was finally persuaded to relinquish its colonies in Indochina in 1954 when Viet Minh forces defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu. The 1954 Geneva Conference left Vietnam a divided nation, with Hồ Chí Minh's communist DRV government ruling the North from Hanoi and Ngô Đình Diệm's Republic of Vietnam, supported by the United States, ruling the South from Saigon. Between 1953 and 1956, the North Vietnamese government instituted various agrarian reforms, including ""rent reduction"" and

Vietnam
Vietnam and the kingdoms of Cambodia and Laos. Vietnam was further divided into North and South administrative regions at the Demilitarised Zone, approximately along the 17th parallel north, pending elections scheduled for July 1956. A 300-day period of free movement was permitted, during which almost a million northerners, mainly Catholics, moved south, fearing persecution by the communists. The partition of Vietnam was not intended to be permanent by the Geneva Accords, which stipulated that Vietnam would be reunited after elections in 1956. However, in 1955, the State of Vietnam's Prime Minister, Ngô Đình Diệm toppled Bảo Đại in a fraudulent

"North Vietnam"
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1954 to 1975. Vietnamese revolutionary leader Hồ Chí Minh declared independence from French Indochina on 2 September 1945 and announced the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. France reasserted its colonial dominance and a war ensued between France and the Viet Minh, led by President Ho Chi Minh. The Viet Minh (""League for the Independence of Vietnam"") was a coalition of nationalist groups, mostly led by communists. In February 1951, the communists announced the creation of the Lao Động Party

head of state. The two sides ruled their own domain independent of the other, and frequently fought each other. The imposed separation encouraged the two regions to develop their own cultures. After the Tay Son Wars (1770–1802) and the founding of the Nguyễn dynasty, the country started getting the present shape with the center of power now switched to Huế in Central Vietnam. During French colonialism, the French divided the country into three parts, directly ruling over Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) while establishing protectorates in Annam (central Vietnam) and Tonkin (northern Vietnam). Consequently, Cochinchina was more directly influenced by French culture

Western country to extend full diplomatic recognition to North Vietnam. Many other Western countries followed suit in the 1970s, such as the government of Australia under Gough Whitlam. North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1954 to 1975. Vietnamese revolutionary leader Hồ Chí Minh declared independence from French Indochina on 2 September 1945 and announced the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. France reasserted its colonial dominance and a war ensued between France and the Viet Minh, led by President Ho Chi Minh. The Viet Minh (""League

"If This World Were Mine"
into his set list during his last tours in the early-1980s as he performed a medley of his hits with Terrell. The song was covered a year later by Joe Bataan on the 1968 Fania Allstars LP ""Live at the Red Garter, Vol. 2"", and in 1969 by Ambrose Slade (pre-Slade) on their album ""Beginnings"". Fifteen years after the original recording, Luther Vandross and Cheryl Lynn re-recorded it for her album ""Instant Love"" and made the song a R&B top five smash peaking at number four in 1982 on the ""Billboard"" Hot R&B Singles chart. A decade later, Coko of

SWV and rising R&B singer and Tyrese recorded it for her 1999 solo album ""Hot Coko"". The song is featured on John Legend's 2004 live album """", with Imani Uzuri singing the female lead. In 2005, Alicia Keys and Jermaine Paul recorded it for the Luther Vandross tribute album """". The song was nominated Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the Grammy Awards. They did not win; instead, the Grammy was awarded to Beyoncé Knowles and Stevie Wonder for their cover ""So Amazing,"" which appeared on the same Vandross tribute album. In 1973, Jerry Butler

If This World Were Mine ""If This World Were Mine"" is a 1967 song by soul music duo Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell from their album ""United"". Written solely by Gaye, it was one of the few songs they recorded without Ashford & Simpson writing or producing. When it was released as a single in November 1967 as the B-side to the duo's ""If I Could Build My Whole World Around You"", it hit the ""Billboard"" pop singles chart, peaking at number sixty-eight, and peaked at number twenty-seven on the ""Billboard"" R&B singles chart. Gaye would later put the song

"This World (album)"
worked with many legendary musicians, including Max Roach, Paul McCandless, Brad Mehldau, Charlie Haden, and many others. Michael Blessing- Drums, percussion Rob Kohler- Basses, guitar, vocals Lee Kohler- Synthesizers, piano, guitar, lead vocals John Kohler- Soprano Saxophone Kate Kohler- vocals Frank Caplette, Shane Doyle, Crit Held - Bobcat Singers The album was released on CD in the Summer of 1996 by Kohler Music Media, a company run by Kate Kohler. It is now available on many major online stores, including iTunes, Amazon, CD Baby, and many others. Excerpts from the album are also available on the band's Soundcloud, YouTube, and

instruments. ""Harvest Circle,"" composed by the band's bassist Rob Kohler, features Bobcat singers Frank Caplette, Shane Doyle, and Crit Held. This fusion between electric Jazz and traditional Native American music is Rob Kohler's trademark sound. This sound is clear on Kohler's album ""A Thousand Faces"", released in 1998. The album was recorded at The Garage in Reese Creek, Montana. The studio had been built and was run by Michael Blessing, the band's drummer. Grammy-winning producer Cookie Marenco was flown in from Los Angeles to produce and engineer the album. Marenco, now the owner and founder of Blue Coast Records, has

and Brenda Lee Eager recorded the song on their album ""The Love We Have, the Love We Had."" R&B singer Tweet sampled the Gaye/Terrell original for the intro of her 2005 single ""Turn Da Lights Off"", featuring Missy Elliott. In 2013, American house music producer Chris Malinchak sampled the song on ""So Good to Me"". If This World Were Mine ""If This World Were Mine"" is a 1967 song by soul music duo Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell from their album ""United"". Written solely by Gaye, it was one of the few songs they recorded without Ashford & Simpson writing

"Lee Kohler"
Lee Kohler Lee Kohler (born June 22, 1961) is an American pianist, composer, and vocalist, best known as being the leader of the band This World. Kohler was raised in Great Falls, Montana along with his siblings Rob, Kate, and Ken Kohler. His father, John Kohler, was a music educator and saxophonist, and his mother Marjorie is a church organist. Kohler attended Montana State University in Bozeman, studying piano with Leslie Jones and Henry Campbell. Kohler toured the United States in 1980 with the band Phoenix Express, then known as Nova. The band opened for acts such as Rita Coolidge,

"One World (John Martyn album)"
One World (John Martyn album) One World is a 1977 album by John Martyn. One of his more experimental works, it features atmospheric, reggae influenced rhythms and free-flowing, jazzy arrangements. Acclaimed for its collaborative spirit, the album includes contributions from Lee Perry on ""Big Muff"", and Steve Winwood (keyboards). Contemporary reviews were positive, with the NME declaring the album ""mean, moody and magnificent"". The album is included in the book ""1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die"" by Robert Dimery. When selecting Martyn as part of a ""100 Great Voices"" feature,"" Mojo"" chose the title track as an example

"This Whole World"
13, 1969 at Brian Wilson's home studio. According to Brian: ""I produced that record. I taught Carl the lead and the other guys the background vocal, especially the meditation part at the end: 'Om dot dit it.'"" This Whole World ""This Whole World"" is a song written by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys, and was released on their 1970 album ""Sunflower"". The song features Carl Wilson on lead vocals and is credited as a Beach Boys production. Earlier in the year, it had been included on the Warner Brothers promotional sampler album ""The Big Ball"", and

"Roger Whittaker"
Roger Whittaker Roger Whittaker (born 22 March 1936) is a British singer-songwriter and musician, who was born in Nairobi. His music is an eclectic mix of folk music and popular songs in addition to radio airplay hits. He is best known for his baritone singing voice and trademark whistling ability as well as his guitar skills. He is widely known for his songs ""Wind Beneath My Wings"", ""Durham Town (The Leavin')"" (1969) and ""I Don't Believe in 'If' Anymore"" (1970). American audiences are most familiar with his 1970 hit ""New World in the Morning"" and his 1975 hit ""The Last

"South Korea at the Olympics"
since both athletes were members of the Japanese team, the IOC credits both medals to Japan. South Korea won its first medals as an independent nation at its first appearance in 1948, and won its first gold medal in 1976. South Korean athletes have won a total of 267 medals at the Summer Games, with the most gold medals won in archery, and 70 medals at the Winter Games, a majority in short track speed skating. The nation has won more medals in this winter sport than any other nation since it was introduced to the Olympic program in 1992.

""at least late 2011 to 2015"" across the ""vast majority"" of Summer and Winter Olympic sports. On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that Russia would be banned from the 2018 Winter Olympics with immediate effect and by the end of 2017 the IOC Disciplinary Commission had disqualified 43 Russian athletes, stripping thirteen medals and knocking Russia from the top of the medal table, thus putting Norway in the lead. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang, South Korea, was selected to host the 2018 Winter Olympics over Munich, Germany, and Annecy, France. This was the first time that South Korea had

"South Korea"
Pyeongchang was chosen by the IOC to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). At the 2010 Winter Olympics, South Korea ranked fifth in the overall medal rankings. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. However, speed skating and figure skating are very popular, too, and ice hockey is an emerging sport with Anyang Halla winning their first ever Asia League Ice Hockey title in March 2010. Seoul hosted a professional

2002 (Busan) and 2014 (Incheon). It also hosted the Winter Universiade in 1997, the Asian Winter Games in 1999 and the Summer Universiade in 2003, 2015. In 1988, South Korea hosted the Summer Olympics in Seoul, coming fourth with 12 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 11 bronze medals. South Korea regularly performs well in archery, shooting, table tennis, badminton, short track speed skating, handball, hockey, freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, baseball, judo, taekwondo, speed skating, figure Skating, and weightlifting. The Seoul Olympic Museum is a museum in Seoul, South Korea, dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics. On July 6, 2011

"Sport in South Korea"
do so again in 2008, however they did not. (See Sports in North Korea.) South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). South Korea ranked second in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics medal table with ten gold medals, only losing to the winner by taking fewer silver medals. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place in Pyeongchang between 9 and 25 February 2018. Pyeongchang won on its third consecutive bid. After a series of large cities (Nagano to Sochi), for the

"North Korea at the Olympics"
when North Korea joined the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea. North Korea's attendance at the Winter Games has been sporadic; eight of the last thirteen Games have included a North Korean team. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, North Korea and South Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics, but competed separately. In 2010 a team competed at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver. North Korea sent 22 athletes to compete in five sports at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics

"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics South Korea competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, from 9 to 25 February 2018, as the host nation. It was represented by 122 competitors in all 15 disciplines (7 sports). In January 2018, following inter-governmental talks, the teams representing South Korea and North Korea entered the Opening Ceremony marching under the Korean Unification Flag, while in women's ice hockey there was a single united Korean team. South Korea won a total of seventeen medals – five gold, eight silver and four bronze – making these Games the most successful in South

The National Olympic Committee for Korea is the Korean Olympic Committee, and was founded in 1946 and recognized in 1947. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, South Korea and North Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics; but competed separately. The Republic of Korea has hosted the Games on two occasions: On 11 February 2014, Lee Sang-hwa won the gold medal for the women's 500m longtrack speedskating race at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, having previously won the one at the 2010 Games. She became the third woman and first Korean

which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

"Framework region"
in humans. This observation is believed to be due to the framework region’s role in antibody structure. Framework region In molecular biology, a framework region is a subdivision of the variable region (Fab) of the antibody. The variable region is composed of seven amino acid regions, four of which are framework regions and three of which are hypervariable regions. The framework region makes up about 85% of the variable region. Located on the tips of the Y-shaped molecule, the framework regions are responsible for acting as a scaffold for the complementarity determining regions (CDR), also referred to as hypervariable regions,

"Variable number tandem repeat"
– i.e. they are clustered together and oriented in the same direction. Individual repeats can be removed from (or added to) the VNTR via recombination or replication errors, leading to alleles with different numbers of repeats. Flanking the repeats are segments of non-repetitive sequence (shown here as thin lines), allowing the VNTR blocks to be extracted with restriction enzymes and analyzed by RFLP, or amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and their size determined by gel electrophoresis. VNTRs were an important source of RFLP genetic markers used in linkage analysis (mapping) of diploid genomes. Now that many genomes

"Locus control region"
the LCR to form a complex. The complex moves along the DNA helix until it can bind to the promoter of the gene it regulates. Once bound, the transcriptional apparatus increases gene expression. This hypothesis combines the looping and tracking models, suggesting that the transcription factors bind to the LCR to form a loop, which then seeks and binds to the promoter of the gene it regulates. Transcription factors bind to DNA from the LCR to the promoter in an orderly fashion using non-DNA-binding proteins and chromatin modifiers. This changes chromatin conformation to expose the transcriptional domain. Studies in transgenic

"MtDNA control region"
MtDNA control region The mtDNA control region is an area of the mitochondrial genome which is non-coding DNA. This region controls RNA and DNA synthesis. It is the most polymorphic region of the human mtDNA genome, with polymorphism concentrated in hypervariable regions. The average nucleotide diversity in these regions is 1.7%. Despite this variability, an RNA transcript from this region has a conserved secondary structure (""pictured"") which has been found to be under selective pressure. The mtDNA control region contains the origin of replication of one strand, and the origin of transcription for both strands. There is also an open

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
and are separated by non-coding regions. The rearrangement and organization of these gene segments during the maturation of B cells produce functional proteins.The entire process of rearrangement and organization of these gene segments is the vital source where our body immune system gets its capabilities to recognize and respond to variety of antigens. The light chain gene has three gene segments. These include: the light chain variable region (V), joining region (J), and constant region (C) gene segments. The variable region of light is therefore encoded by the rearrangement of VJ segments. The light chain can be either kappa,κ or

"Long interspersed nuclear element"
these individuals more prone to L1-induced mutagenesis. Increased L1 copy numbers have also been found in the brains of people with schizophrenia, indicating that LINE elements may play a role in some neuronal diseases. LINE elements propagate by a so-called target primed reverse transcription mechanism (TPRT), which was first described for the R2 element from the silkworm ""Bombyx mori."" ORF2 (and ORF1 when present) proteins primarily associate in cis with their encoding mRNA, forming a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, likely composed of two ORF2s and an unknown number of ORF1 trimers. The complex is transported back into the nucleus, where the

"Trimeric autotransporter adhesin"
DALL-1, DALL-2, DALL-3, and the neck domain. This entry focuses on the ISneck domain. The ISneck domain is a type of neck domain. There are two types of ISneck domain. This first is an ISneck which is interrupted by an insertion. The insertion can take form of either folded (ISneck 1) or much shorter, unfolded (ISneck 2) perturbation. Structure: These domains are fibrous and found in highly repetitive numbers. They contain coiled coils and their length tends to vary among different species. The coiled-coil segments of the stalk domains have two unusual properties: Furthermore, the stalk is made up entirely

IGL@
IGL@ Immunoglobulin lambda locus, also known as IGL@, is a region on human chromosome 22 that contains genes for the lambda light chains of antibodies (or immunoglobulins). Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two classes of light chains, kappa and lambda. This region represents the germline organization of the lambda light chain locus. The locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During B cell development, a recombination event at the DNA level

"Gla domain"
list; knowledge about these is not complete. Gla domain Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain is a protein domain that contains post-translational modifications of many glutamate residues by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to form γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla). Proteins with this domain are known informally as Gla proteins. The Gla residues are responsible for the high-affinity binding of calcium ions. The GLA domain binds calcium ions by chelating them between two carboxylic acid residues. These residues are part of a region that starts at the N-terminal extremity of the mature form of Gla proteins, and that ends with a conserved aromatic residue. This results

"TRG (gene)"
determined in Canis lupus familiaris, with the Carnivora order hypothesized as the putative origin of the TRG locus. Forty genes were discovered of the following three types: variable (TRGV), joining (TRGJ), and constant (TRGC). These genes are organized into eight cassettes aligned with the same transcriptional orientation. Each cassette is composed of a V-J-J-C unit, except one with a J-J-C unit on the 3’ end of the locus. The canine locus is approximately 460 kb in length. Eight of the sixteen total TRGV genes, seven of the sixteen TRGJ genes, and six of the eight TRGC genes were determined to

"What Are We Doin' in Love"
What Are We Doin' in Love ""What Are We Doin' in Love"" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album ""Wild West"". ""What Are We Doin' in Love"" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song ""Every Time Fools Collide"" became a hit in 1978. They

stage. What Are We Doin' in Love ""What Are We Doin' in Love"" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album ""Wild West"". ""What Are We Doin' in Love"" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song ""Every Time Fools Collide"" became a hit in 1978.

"We Are in Love"
We Are in Love We Are in Love is an album by American artist Harry Connick Jr., released in 1990. The multi-platinum album features Connick on piano & vocal, Russell Malone on guitar, Shannon Powell on drums, Benjamin Jonah Wolfe on double bass, and Branford Marsalis on saxophone. Joining the quartet is Connick's Big Band. Most of the tracks include an orchestral background. Released in 1990, it topped the jazz charts in the same year, and crossed over to the pop charts as well, selling over 2 million copies worldwide. The album gave Connick a Grammy for Best Jazz Vocal

Performance, Male, and he performed the title track live on the Grammy telecast in 1991. ""Recipe for Love"" also became one of Connick's biggest hits, peaking at #32 in the UK Singles Chart on re-release (the original release had only peaked at #86). The album was released the same day as his trio instrumental album ""Lofty's Roach Souffle"", and his home video debut entitled ""Singin' & Swingin'"". All songs written by Harry Connick Jr. and Ramsey McLean, except ""We Are in Love"", ""Recipe for Love"", ""I've Got a Great Idea"", and ""I'll Dream of You Again"" by Connick. All other

"So Much in Love"
So Much in Love ""So Much in Love"" is a popular song sung by The Tymes that was #1 in the United States in 1963. It was The Tymes' first hit single, topping the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart on August 3, 1963, and remaining there for one week. The song was written by George Williams and Bill Jackson, and arranged by Roy Straigis. The song has been covered several times. Jay and the Americans released a version on their 1969 album ""Sands of Time"". ""So Much in Love"" was performed by Talking Heads in their early live sets at

"We Were in Love"
We Were in Love ""We Were in Love"" is a song written by Chuck Cannon and Allen Shamblin, and performed by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in June 1997 as the first single from his album ""Dream Walkin'"". It peaked at number 2 in both the United States and Canada. The song was originally intended for country artist Faith Hill (who placed it on hold for a short period while recording her 1998 album, ""Faith""), as reported by Keith on ""After MidNite with Blair Garner. The narrator wishes that he could build a time machine, and

"In and Out of Love (The Supremes song)"
In and Out of Love (The Supremes song) ""In and Out of Love"" is a 1967 song recorded by The Supremes for the Motown label. It was the second single issued with the group's new billing of ""Diana Ross & the Supremes"", the penultimate Supremes single written and produced by Motown production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, and the last single to feature the vocals of original member Florence Ballard. By the time of the recording of ""In and Out of Love,"" The Supremes had become the most successful American music group of all time, with ten number-one pop singles on the ""Billboard""

"We're in This Love Together"
We're in This Love Together ""We're in This Love Together"" is a 1981 hit song by Al Jarreau. It was the first of three single releases from his fifth studio album, ""Breakin' Away"". The song was his first and biggest chart hit. In the US, the song spent 24 weeks on the pop charts, reaching number 15 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 13 on the ""Cash Box"" Top 100.<ref name=""Cash Box Top 100 10/31/81"">Cash Box Top 100 Singles, November 31, 1981</ref> It was a bigger Adult Contemporary hit, reaching number six in the US and number one in

became one of the most successful duet partnerships since then. However, in 1980, both went their separate ways to become solo artists again. ""What Are We Doin' in Love"" became a crossover hit for the two, reaching number fourteen on the Top 40 as well as number seven on the Adult Contemporary charts. The song became Dottie West's first top 40 Pop hit after a few modestly charting solo records on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 over the years. The single proved to be the final Rogers and West recorded duet, although they did occasionally perform together in later years on

go back to when he and his lover were 17, and when they were in love. This was Toby Keith's first music video to be directed by Michael Salomon, who has since directed the majority of his music videos. It premiered in mid-1997. ""We Were in Love"" debuted at number 61 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of June 14, 1997. We Were in Love ""We Were in Love"" is a song written by Chuck Cannon and Allen Shamblin, and performed by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in June 1997 as

"2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship"
2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship The 2017 FIVB Men's Club World Championship was the 13th edition of the tournament. It was held in Poland for the first time from 12 to 17 December 2017. Eight teams competed in the tournament, including two wild cards. Russia's Zenit Kazan defeated Italy's Cucine Lube Civitanova in the final and won the title for the first time. Brazil's Sada Cruzeiro claimed the bronze medal by defeating Poland's PGE Skra Bełchatów in the 3rd place match. Osmany Juantorena from Lube was elected the Most Valuable Player. Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match

"2017 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship"
2017 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship The 2017 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship was the second annual tournament deciding the NCAA championship of beach volleyball, which competition is open to women only. It took place May 5-7 in Gulf Shores, Alabama, hosted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham. It was a double elimination tournament, with a single championship match. The USC Trojans won their second consecutive national title, defeating the Pepperdine Waves 3-2 in the championship match. The tournament is open to teams from Divisions I, II, and III. The top three teams each in the East and West Regions will

"2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Grand Champions Cup"
2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Grand Champions Cup The 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Grand Champions Cup was the 7th staging of the FIVB Volleyball World Grand Champions Cup, a quadrennial international women's volleyball tournament organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The tournament was held in Tokyo and Nagoya, Japan from 5 to 10 September 2017. 6 national teams from 4 confederations competed in the tournament. China claimed their second title at the tournament with an unbeaten record. Brazil claimed the silver after a face-off in the final round with United States who finished third. Zhu Ting from

"2017 National Invitational Volleyball Championship"
Stephen F. Austin 3–0 and Arkansas State 3–1. Remaining a host team through the rest of the tournament, Ole Miss downed Georgia 3–0 in the quarterfinals, West Virginia 3–0 in the semifinals, and Texas Tech 3–0 in the championship match. Automatic qualifications (AQ) were granted to the best team from each of the 32 conferences that was not invited to the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament. An automatic qualifier from any conference that declined a bid vacated the qualifier for that conference. Invitations were declined by nine teams and/or their conferences. Three conferences were given at-large bids but

"2017 NCAA National Collegiate Men's Volleyball Tournament"
2017 NCAA National Collegiate Men's Volleyball Tournament The 2017 NCAA National Collegiate Volleyball Tournament was the 48th edition of the NCAA Men's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship, open to teams from both Division I and II. The tournament was held May 2, 4, & 6 at St. John Arena in Columbus, Ohio, hosted by Ohio State University. The Ohio State Buckeyes won their second consecutive National Championship and fourth overall. The champions of Conference Carolinas, the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, and Mountain Pacific Sports Federation received automatic bids to the tournament, while two other teams were selected

"2017 FIVB Volleyball World League"
ever World League campaign by seizing the bronze medal (their first medal at an international FIVB event) after coming from behind for a 3–1 win over United States. Earvin N'Gapeth was elected the Most Valuable Player for the second time, after also being the MVP in 2015. Slovenia defeated Japan in the Group 2 finals in Gold Coast, Australia to achieve their second straight group title since their debut last year (the team had previously won the Group 3 in 2016). Moreover, Estonia finished atop of Group 3 at their first ever World League participation after a convincing 3–0 win

points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser<br> Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser 2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship The 2017 FIVB Men's Club World Championship was the 13th edition of the tournament. It was held in Poland for the first time from 12 to 17 December 2017. Eight teams competed in the tournament, including two wild cards. Russia's Zenit Kazan defeated Italy's Cucine Lube Civitanova in the final and won the title for the first time. Brazil's Sada Cruzeiro claimed the bronze medal by defeating Poland's

"NCAA Men's Volleyball Tournament"
2015 final, in which Loyola defeated Lewis; and the 2016 and 2017 finals, when Ohio State defeated BYU. UCLA, Southern California, Penn State, Stanford, and Long Beach State are the only schools in Division I to have won an NCAA national championship in both men and women's volleyball. (But for Hawaii's vacated 2002 title, it would have matched this feat with 3 NCAA and 1 AIAW women's national championships.) In addition, Stanford (1996–97) and Penn State (2007–08) are the only universities whose men and women's volleyball programs won the national championship in the same academic year. The 2016 championship tournament

"FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship"
the ""World Championship Finals"". 24 teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation(s), compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about a month. The 18 World Championship tournaments have been won by seven different national teams. Russia have won seven times (five as Soviet Union). The other World Championship winners are Japan and Cuba, with three titles each; China, with two titles; and Italy, United States and Serbia, with one title each. The 2014 World Championship took place in Italy. The 2018 World Championship was hosted again by Japan in

"2017 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship"
2017 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship The 2017 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was held from 9 to 17 August 2017. Matches were held in two cities: at the Alonte Sports Arena in Biñan, Laguna and Muntinlupa Sports Complex in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila. Japan won the championship defeating Thailand and South Korea won the bronze medal over China. Japanese Risa Shinnabe was awarded Most Valuable Player. The fourteen AVC member associations were submit their women's national team to the 2017 Asian Volleyball Championship. The fourteen AVC member associations were from four zonal associations, including, Central Asia (4 teams), East Asia (5 teams),

0
as well as ""cipher"", have also been used historically. The word ""zero"" came into the English language via French ""zéro"" from Italian ""zero"", Italian contraction of Venetian ""zevero"" form of 'Italian ""zefiro"" via ""ṣafira"" or ""ṣifr"". In pre-Islamic time the word ""ṣifr"" (Arabic صفر) had the meaning ""empty"". ""Sifr"" evolved to mean zero when it was used to translate ""śūnya"" (Sanskrit : शून्य) from India . The first known English use of ""zero"" was in 1598. The Italian mathematician Fibonacci (c. 1170–1250), who grew up in North Africa and is credited with introducing the decimal system to Europe, used the

0
decimal-based place value notation can be traced to the ""Aryabhatiya"" (c. 500), which states ""sthānāt sthānaṁ daśaguṇaṁ syāt"" ""from place to place each is ten times the preceding."" The concept of zero as a digit in the decimal place value notation was developed in India, presumably as early as during the Gupta period , with the oldest unambiguous evidence dating to the 7th century. The rules governing the use of zero appeared for the first time in Brahmagupta's ""Brahmasputha Siddhanta"" (7th century). This work considers not only zero, but also negative numbers and the algebraic rules for the elementary operations

Number
notation), which limits its representation of large numbers. Nonetheless tallying systems are considered the first kind of abstract numeral system. The first known system with place value was the Mesopotamian base 60 system (ca. 3400 BC) and the earliest known base 10 system dates to 3100 BC in Egypt. The first known documented use of zero dates to AD 628, and appeared in the ""Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta"", the main work of the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta. He treated 0 as a number and discussed operations involving it, including division. By this time (the 7th century) the concept had clearly reached Cambodia as Khmer

"Nicolas Chuquet"
Nicolas Chuquet Nicolas Chuquet (; 1445, but some sources say 1455, Paris, France – 1488, some sources say 1500, Lyon, France) was a French mathematician. He invented his own notation for algebraic concepts and exponentiation. He may have been the first mathematician to recognize zero and negative numbers as exponents. In 1475, Jehan Adam recorded the words ""bymillion"" and ""trimillion"" (for 10 and 10) and it is believed that these words or similar ones were in general use at that time. In 1484, Chuquet wrote an article ""Triparty en la science des nombres"", which was unpublished in his lifetime. Most

0
on the Mathematical Art"". Pingala (c. 3rd/2nd century BC), a Sanskrit prosody scholar, used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), a notation similar to Morse code. Pingala used the Sanskrit word ""śūnya"" explicitly to refer to zero. It was considered that the earliest text to use a decimal place-value system, including a zero, is the ""Lokavibhāga"", a Jain text on cosmology surviving in a medieval Sanskrit translation of the Prakrit original, which is internally dated to AD 458 (Saka era 380). In this text, ""śūnya"" (""void, empty"")

Number
resisted the concept of negative numbers until the 17th century, although Fibonacci allowed negative solutions in financial problems where they could be interpreted as debts (chapter 13 of ""Liber Abaci"", 1202) and later as losses (in ). At the same time, the Chinese were indicating negative numbers by drawing a diagonal stroke through the right-most non-zero digit of the corresponding positive number's numeral. The first use of negative numbers in a European work was by Nicolas Chuquet during the 15th century. He used them as exponents, but referred to them as ""absurd numbers"". As recently as the 18th century, it

0
was one of the earliest scientific books to be ""printed"" in 1488. Until the late 15th century, Hindu–Arabic numerals seem to have predominated among mathematicians, while merchants preferred to use the Roman numerals. In the 16th century, they became commonly used in Europe. 0 is the integer immediately preceding 1. Zero is an even number because it is divisible by 2 with no remainder. 0 is neither positive nor negative. By most definitions 0 is a natural number, and then the only natural number not to be positive. Zero is a number which quantifies a count or an amount of

Number
was done by the Babylonians or as a symbol for a lack of quantity as was done by Ptolemy and the Romans. The use of 0 as a number should be distinguished from its use as a placeholder numeral in place-value systems. Many ancient texts used 0. Babylonian and Egyptian texts used it. Egyptians used the word ""nfr"" to denote zero balance in double entry accounting. Indian texts used a Sanskrit word or to refer to the concept of ""void"". In mathematics texts this word often refers to the number zero. In a similar vein, Pāṇini (5th century BC) used

Number
sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals. Because it was used alone, not as just a placeholder, this Hellenistic zero was the first ""documented"" use of a true zero in the Old World. In later Byzantine manuscripts of his ""Syntaxis Mathematica"" (""Almagest""), the Hellenistic zero had morphed into the Greek letter omicron (otherwise meaning 70). Another true zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 (first known use by Dionysius Exiguus), but as a word, meaning ""nothing"", not as a symbol. When division produced 0 as a remainder, , also meaning ""nothing"", was used. These medieval zeros

Number
were used by all future medieval computists (calculators of Easter). An isolated use of their initial, N, was used in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or a colleague about 725, a true zero symbol. The abstract concept of negative numbers was recognized as early as 100–50 BC in China. ""The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art"" contains methods for finding the areas of figures; red rods were used to denote positive coefficients, black for negative. The first reference in a Western work was in the 3rd century AD in Greece. Diophantus referred to the equation equivalent to (the

the lowest temperature at which a lubricant will flow is called the

Calcination
Calcination The IUPAC defines calcination as ""heating to high temperatures in air or oxygen"". However, calcination is also used to mean a thermal treatment process in the absence or limited supply of air or oxygen applied to ores and other solid materials to bring about a thermal decomposition. A calciner is a steel cylinder that rotates inside a heated furnace and performs indirect high-temperature processing (550–1150 °C, or 1000–2100 °F) within a controlled atmosphere. The process of calcination derives its name from the Latin ""calcinare"" (to burn lime) due to its most common application, the decomposition of calcium carbonate (limestone)

"Joule–Thomson effect"
Joule–Thomson effect In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a ""real"" gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping them insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment. This procedure is called a ""throttling process"" or ""Joule–Thomson process"". At room temperature, all gases except hydrogen, helium and neon cool upon expansion by the Joule–Thomson process when being throttled through an orifice; these three gases experience the same effect but only at lower temperatures. Some

"Froth pump"
speeds and at low temperatures. However above a certain speed in a steel pipe, water may separate and form a lubrication layer. The process is called self-lubrication and depending on the temperature (25 C - 45 C), the friction losses are between 10 and 20 times the equivalent friction losses of water. When entering a centrifugal pump, a low pressure forms at the eye of the impeller. Pre-rotation creates centrifugal forces that push the dense slurry towards the wall of the pipe while leaving a core of air at the center. According to Abulnaga (2004), the froth pump may use

"Oil pressure"
shutdown. The oil pressure, combined with the rotation of the shaft, also hydrodynamically centers the journal in its shell and cools the bearings. Such a bearing is known as a fluid bearing. Oil pressure is higher when the engine is cold due to the increased viscosity of the oil, and also increases with engine speed until the relief valve in the oil pump opens to divert excess flow. Oil pressure is lowest under hot idling conditions, and the minimum pressure allowed by the manufacturer's tolerances is usually given at this point. Excessive oil pressure may indicate a blocked filter, blocked

Lubricant
to catastrophic failure during sudden system shut downs. An automotive oil-cooled turbocharger is a typical example. Turbochargers get red hot during operation and the oil that is cooling them only survives as its residence time in the system is very short (i.e. high flow rate). If the system is shut down suddenly (pulling into a service area after a high-speed drive and stopping the engine) the oil that is in the turbo charger immediately oxidizes and will clog the oil ways with deposits. Over time these deposits can completely block the oil ways, reducing the cooling with the result that

"Gel point (petroleum)"
Gel point (petroleum) Gel point is the temperature at which diesel or biodiesel fuel freezes solid and can no longer flow by gravity or be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when a fuel reaches a low enough temperature whereby enough wax crystals have formed to prevent any movement in the oil. For #2 diesel this is usually around . For the fuel to become pumpable again, it needs to be brought above the gel point temperature to the Ungel point, which is typically near its pour point. However, most of the waxes will still remain in solid form

Lubricant
reducing heat generation and reduced formation of wear particles as well as improved efficiency. Lubricants may contain additives known as friction modifiers that chemically bind to metal surfaces to reduce surface friction even when there is insufficient bulk lubricant present for hydrodynamic lubrication, e.g. protecting the valve train in a car engine at startup. Both gas and liquid lubricants can transfer heat. However, liquid lubricants are much more effective on account of their high specific heat capacity. Typically the liquid lubricant is constantly circulated to and from a cooler part of the system, although lubricants may be used to warm

"Critical point (thermodynamics)"
and ""critical pressure"" ""p"". This is the ""critical point"". In water, the critical point occurs at around 647 K (374 °C or 705 °F) and 22.064 MPa (3200 psia or 218 atm). In the ""vicinity"" of the critical point, the physical properties of the liquid and the vapor change dramatically, with both phases becoming ever more similar. For instance, liquid water under normal conditions is nearly incompressible, has a low thermal expansion coefficient, has a high dielectric constant, and is an excellent solvent for electrolytes. Near the critical point, all these properties change into the exact opposite: water becomes compressible,

"Freezing-point depression"
below , the freezing point of pure water. The freezing point is the temperature at which the liquid solvent and solid solvent are at equilibrium, so that their vapor pressures are equal. When a non-volatile solute is added to a volatile liquid solvent, the solution vapor pressure will be lower than that of the pure solvent. As a result the solid will reach equilibrium with the solution at a lower temperature than with the pure solvent. The phenomenon of freezing-point depression has many practical uses. The radiator fluid in an automobile is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. As

"Dry ice"
outrush of CO that carries with it the flammable vapours. The removal and fitting of cylinder liners in large engines requires the use of dry ice to chill and thus shrink the liner so that it freely slides into the engine block. When the liner then warms up, it expands, and the resulting interference fit holds it tightly in place. Similar procedures may be used in fabricating mechanical assemblies with a high resultant strength, replacing the need for pins, keys or welds. Dry-ice blasting, a form of carbon dioxide cleaning, is used in a number of industrial applications. It is

"Mary Had a Little Lamb"
Mary Had a Little Lamb ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" is an English language nursery rhyme of nineteenth-century American origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7622. The nursery rhyme was first published by the Boston publishing firm Marsh, Capen & Lyon, as a poem by Sarah Josepha Hale on May 24, 1830, and was possibly inspired by an actual incident. There are competing theories on the origin and inspiration of this poem. One holds that John Roulstone wrote the first four lines and that the final twelve lines, less childlike than the first, were composed by

1983 debut album, ""Texas Flood"", with both also incorporating the first four lines of the nursery rhyme, ""A-Tisket, A-Tasket"", into the song. In 1972, Paul McCartney released a version of the song. Just as he had done with the 16th-century poem Golden Slumbers which was released on The Beatles' Abbey Road LP in 1969, he added his own melody to the lyrics. The single was a top 20 hit in Britain although both the choice for and the saccharine arrangement of ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" did much to erode his standing with leading rock journalists. McCartney played the song

during Wings' 1972 summer tour and it was included in the Spring 1973 James Paul McCartney television special. It is commercially available on the 1993 CD issue of the band's ""Wild Life"" album. Note: This melody is the British version, which is slightly different from the American version. The song is used in: Mary Had a Little Lamb ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" is an English language nursery rhyme of nineteenth-century American origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7622. The nursery rhyme was first published by the Boston publishing firm Marsh, Capen & Lyon, as a

"Sarah Josepha Hale"
Sarah Josepha Hale Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (October 24, 1788 – April 30, 1879) was an American writer and an influential editor. She was the author of the nursery rhyme ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"". Hale famously campaigned for the creation of the American holiday known as Thanksgiving, and for the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument. Sarah Josepha Buell was born in Newport, New Hampshire, to Captain Gordon Buell and Martha Whittlesay Buell. Her parents believed in equal education for both genders. Home-schooled by her mother and elder brother Horatio (who had attended Dartmouth), Hale was otherwise an autodidact.

A box of her correspondence, containing 28 folders, is in the collections of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Sarah Josepha Hale Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (October 24, 1788 – April 30, 1879) was an American writer and an influential editor. She was the author of the nursery rhyme ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"". Hale famously campaigned for the creation of the American holiday known as Thanksgiving, and for the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument. Sarah Josepha Buell was born in Newport, New Hampshire, to Captain Gordon Buell and Martha Whittlesay Buell. Her parents believed in equal education for both genders.

높이높이 날아라 우리 비행기 Korean romanization Tteotda tteotda bihaenggi nalara nalara nopinopi nalara oori bihaenggi </poem> The rhyme was the first audio recorded by Thomas Edison on his newly invented phonograph in 1877. It was the first instance of recorded verse. In 1927, Edison reenacted the recording, which still survives. The earliest recording (1878) was retrieved by 3D imaging equipment in 2012. Blues musicians Buddy Guy and Stevie Ray Vaughan both recorded the song: Guy composing his own bluesy version of the song for his album ""A Man and the Blues"" in 1968 and Vaughan covering Guy's version in his

"Mary Had a Little Lamb (Wings song)"
Mary Had a Little Lamb (Wings song) ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" is Wings' version of the traditional nursery rhyme. At the time, some observers such as Roy Carr and Tony Tyler of ""New Musical Express"" presumed the song was recorded by McCartney in response to the BBC ban of his previous single, the political ""Give Ireland Back to the Irish"", but McCartney has denied this, saying that it was a sincere effort to write a song for children. In fact, the song was written before ""Give Ireland Back to the Irish"", as a demo of the song can be

"Rejoice in the Lamb"
is divided into eight sections. Rejoice in the Lamb Rejoice in the Lamb (Op. 30) is a cantata for four soloists, SATB choir, and organ composed by Benjamin Britten in 1943 and based on the poem ""Jubilate Agno"" by Christopher Smart (1722–1771). The poem, written while Smart was in an asylum depicts idiosyncratic praise and worship of God by all created beings and things, each in its own way. The cantata was commissioned by the Reverend Walter Hussey for the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the consecration of St Matthew's Church, Northampton. ""Rejoice in the Lamb"" has a duration

Rejoice in the Lamb Rejoice in the Lamb (Op. 30) is a cantata for four soloists, SATB choir, and organ composed by Benjamin Britten in 1943 and based on the poem ""Jubilate Agno"" by Christopher Smart (1722–1771). The poem, written while Smart was in an asylum depicts idiosyncratic praise and worship of God by all created beings and things, each in its own way. The cantata was commissioned by the Reverend Walter Hussey for the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the consecration of St Matthew's Church, Northampton. ""Rejoice in the Lamb"" has a duration of about 17 minutes. It

"Little Woman Love"
remaster of ""Ram"". Little Woman Love ""Little Woman Love"" is a Wings song released as the B-side of the single ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" on 12 May 1972. It was composed by Paul McCartney in 1970 and recorded during the ""Ram"" sessions but left off the album, then released as a single, although, in keeping with McCartney's practice at the time, the composition was credited to Paul and Linda McCartney. While ""Mary Had a Little Lamb"" was dismissed by the critics, it climbed to the top 10 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, however, radio stations also

who was an early advocate for using scientific methods based on inductive reasoning

Experiment
results from a logical/ mental derivation. In this process of critical consideration, the man himself should not forget that he tends to subjective opinions - through ""prejudices"" and ""leniency"" - and thus has to be critical about his own way of building hypotheses. Francis Bacon (1561–1626), an English philosopher and scientist active in the 17th century, became an influential supporter of experimental science in the English renaissance. He disagreed with the method of answering scientific questions by deduction - similar to Ibn al-Haytham - and described it as follows: ""Having first determined the question according to his will, man then

"Scientific method"
normally accepted. The scientific method is of necessity also an expression of an opposition to claims that e.g. revelation, political or religious dogma, appeals to tradition, commonly held beliefs, common sense, or, importantly, currently held theories, are the only possible means of demonstrating truth. Different early expressions of empiricism and the scientific method can be found throughout history, for instance with the ancient Stoics, Epicurus, Alhazen, Roger Bacon, and William of Ockham. From the 16th century onwards, experiments were advocated by Francis Bacon, and performed by Giambattista della Porta, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei. There was particular development aided by

"Baconian method"
within the Royal Society. Bacon also listed what he called the idols (false images) of the mind. He described these as things which obstructed the path of correct scientific reasoning. The physician Thomas Browne (1605–82) was one of the first scientists to adhere to the empiricism of the Baconian method. His encyclopaedia ""Pseudodoxia Epidemica"" (1st edition 1646 – 5th edition 1672) includes numerous examples of Baconian investigative methodology, while its preface echoes lines from Bacon's ""On Truth"" from ""The Advancement of Learning"" (1605). Isaac Newton's saying ""hypotheses non fingo"" (I don't frame hypotheses) occurs in later editions of the ""Principia"".

Baconian method The Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Sir Francis Bacon. The method was put forward in Bacon's book ""Novum Organum"" (1620), or 'New Method', and was supposed to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's ""Organon"". This method was influential upon the development of the scientific method in modern science; but also more generally in the early modern rejection of medieval Aristotelianism. Bacon's method is an example of the application of inductive reasoning. However, Bacon's method of induction is much more complex than the essential inductive process of making generalizations from observations. Bacon's method begins with

"Inductive reasoning"
of inference to the best explanation (IBE). IBE is otherwise synonym to C S Peirce's abduction. Many philosophers of science espousing scientific realism have maintained that IBE is the way that scientists develop approximately true scientific theories about nature. Inductive reasoning has been criticized by thinkers as far back as Sextus Empiricus. The classic philosophical treatment of the problem of induction was given by the Scottish philosopher David Hume. Although the use of inductive reasoning demonstrates considerable success, its application has been questionable. Recognizing this, Hume highlighted the fact that our mind draws uncertain conclusions from relatively limited experiences. In

It represents his preference for rules that could be demonstrated, as opposed to unevidenced hypotheses. The Baconian method was further developed and promoted by John Stuart Mill. His 1843 book, ""A System of Logic"", was an effort to shed further light on issues of causation. In this work, he formulated the five principles of inductive reasoning now known as Mill's methods. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno observe that Bacon shuns ""knowledge that tendeth but to satisfaction"" in favor of effective procedures. While the Baconian method disparages idols of the mind, its requirement for effective procedures compels it to adopt a

"History of scientific method"
and Democritus, and in ancient India, in the Nyaya, Vaisesika and Buddhist schools, while Charvaka materialism rejected inference as a source of knowledge in favour of an empiricism that was always subject to doubt. Aristotle pioneered scientific method in ancient Greece alongside his empirical biology and his work on logic, rejecting a purely deductive framework in favour of generalisations made from observations of nature. Some of the most important debates in the history of scientific method center on: rationalism, especially as advocated by René Descartes<nowiki>;</nowiki> inductivism, which rose to particular prominence with Isaac Newton and his followers; and hypothetico-deductivism, which

theology or by metaphysics. Regarding experience to justify enumerative induction by having shown uniformity of nature, Mill welcomed Comte's positivism, but thought laws susceptible to recall or revision, and withheld from Comte's Religion of Humanity. Comte was confident to lay laws as irrefutable foundation of other knowledge, and the churches, honoring eminent scientists, sought to focus public mindset on ""altruism""—a term Comte coined—to apply science for humankind's social welfare via Comte's spearheaded science, sociology. During the 1830s and 1840s, while Comte and Mill were the leading philosophers of science, William Whewell found enumerative induction not nearly so simple, but, amid

"The Call of the Wild"
The Call of the Wild The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London published in 1903 and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand. The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck. The story opens at a ranch in Santa Clara Valley, California, when Buck is stolen from his home and sold into service as a sled dog in Alaska. He becomes progressively feral in the harsh environment, where he is forced to fight to survive and dominate other dogs. By

place in the spring, before ending with the fourth phase, when Buck fully reverts to nature is placed in a vast and ""weird atmosphere"", a place of pure emptiness. The setting is allegorical. The southern lands represent the soft, materialistic world; the north symbolizes a world beyond civilization and is inherently competitive. The harshness, brutality, and emptiness in Alaska reduce life to its essence, as London learned, and shows in Buck's story. Buck must defeat Spitz, the dog who symbolically tries to get ahead and take control. When Buck is sold to Charles, Hal, and Mercedes, he finds himself in

the end, he sheds the veneer of civilization, and relies on primordial instinct and learned experience to emerge as a leader in the wild. London spent almost a year in the Yukon, and his observations form much of the material for the book. The story was serialized in the ""Saturday Evening Post"" in the summer of 1903 and was published a month later in book form. The book's great popularity and success made a reputation for London. As early as 1923, the story was adapted to film, and it has since seen several more cinematic adaptations. The story opens with

for almost a year, living temporarily in the frontier town of Dawson City, before moving to a nearby winter camp, where he spent the winter in a temporary shelter reading books he had brought: Charles Darwin's ""On the Origin of Species"" and John Milton's ""Paradise Lost"". In the winter of 1898, Dawson City was a city comprising about 30,000 miners,a saloon, an opera house, and a street of brothels. In the spring, as the annual gold stampeders began to stream in, London left. He had contracted scurvy, common in the Arctic winters where fresh produce was unavailable. When his gums

in college at Berkeley, when in 1897 he went to the Klondike by way of Alaska during the height of the Klondike Gold Rush. Later, he said of the experience: ""It was in the Klondike I found myself."" He left California in July and traveled by boat to Dyea, Alaska, where he landed and went inland. To reach the gold fields, he and his party transported their gear over the Chilkoot Pass, often carrying loads as heavy as on their backs. They were successful in staking claims to eight gold mines along the Stewart River. London stayed in the Klondike

Buck, a large and powerful St. Bernard-Scotch Shepherd, living happily in California's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of rich Judge Miller and his family. However, he is stolen by the gardener's assistant, Manuel, and sold to finance his gambling addiction. He is shipped to Seattle. Put in a crate, he is starved and ill-treated. When released, he attacks his overseer, known only as the ""man in the red sweater"" but this man teaches the ""law of the club"", hitting Buck until he is sufficiently cowed (but the man shows some kindness after Buck stops). Buck is then sold

"Call of the Wild (TV series)"
(Hal Beckett). The inhabitants of Forty Mile in Yukon, Canada are introduced during the 1890s Gold Rush. A caged Buck arrives and is promptly auctioned off as a sled dog. He makes an immediate impression on young Miles, who bids on Buck. However, Miles is outbid by The Swede, who uses Buck on a sled team delivering mail throughout the Yukon. As Buck heads out on the trail with The Swede's team, he makes an enemy of Spitz, the team's vicious lead dog. After several incidents on the trail, including severe weather, wolf attacks, and a fight with Spitz, Buck

– in which a character learns and grows – in that Buck becomes progressively less civilized. Gianquitto explains that Buck has evolved to the point that he is ready to join a wolf pack, which has a social structure uniquely adapted to and successful in the harsh arctic environment, unlike humans, who are weak in the harsh environment. The first chapter opens with the first quatrain of John Myers O'Hara's poem, ""Atavism"", published in 1902 in ""The Bookman"". The stanza outlines one of the main motifs of ""The Call of the Wild"": that Buck, when removed from the ""sun-kissed"" Santa

the wolf and its pack into the forest, and answers the call of the wild. The legend of Buck is spread among other Indian tribes as the ""Ghost Dog of the Northland"". Buck comes out of the backwoods once a year on the anniversary of his attack on the Yeehats, at the former campsite where he was last with John Thornton, Hans and Pete, in order to mourn their deaths. California native Jack London had traveled around the United States as a hobo, returned to California to finish high school (he dropped out at age 14), and spent a year

Clara Valley where he was raised, will revert to his wolf heritage with its innate instincts and characteristics. The themes are conveyed through London's use of symbolism and imagery which, according to Labor, vary in the different phases of the story. The imagery and symbolism in the first phase, to do with the journey and self-discovery, depict physical violence, with strong images of pain and blood. In the second phase fatigue becomes a dominant image and death is a dominant symbol, as Buck comes close to being killed. The third phase is a period of renewal and rebirth and takes

"Driver's license"
the last of them being Belgium where, until 1977, it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test. As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models. On August 1, 1910, North America's first licensing law for motor vehicles went into effect in the US state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional chauffeurs. In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require ""all"" drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.

on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his ""Motorwagen"". Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ""ad hoc,"" if at all. Mandatory licensing for drivers came into force on 1 January 1904 after the Motor Car Act 1903 received royal assent in the United Kingdom. Every car owner had to register their vehicle with their local government authority and be able to prove registration of their vehicle on request. The minimum qualifying age was set at 17. The licence gave its holder 'freedom

"Driver's licenses in the United States"
. As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates. States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education. Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii,

of the road' with a maximum speed limit. Compulsory testing was introduced in 1934, with the passing of the Road Traffic Act. Prussia, then a state within the German Empire, introduced compulsory licensing on September 29, 1903. A test on mechanical aptitude had to be passed and the ""Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein"" (""steam boiler supervision association"") was charged with conducting these tests. In 1910, the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and driver's education requirements that was adopted in other countries. In 1909, the Convention with Respect to the International Circulation of

"Vehicle registration plate"
Germany in 1896. The Netherlands was the first country to introduce a national registration plate, called a ""driving permit"", in 1898. Initially these plates were just sequentially numbered, starting at 1, but this was changed in 1906. In the U.S., where each state issues plates, New York State has required plates since 1903 (black numerals on a white background) after first requiring in 1901 that only the owner's initials be clearly visible on the back of the vehicle. At first, plates were not government issued in most jurisdictions and motorists were obliged to make their own. In 1903, Massachusetts was

"Commercial driver's license"
license (CDL) Program in 1986, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state. Many drivers were operating motor vehicles that they may not have been trained or qualified to drive. This lack of training resulted in a large number of preventable traffic deaths and accidents. 1986 when the Act became law, all drivers have been required to have a CDL in order to drive a Commercial Motor Vehicle. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed testing standards for licensing drivers. U.S. states are able to issue CDLs only after a written and practical test have

with a Gross Vehicle Weight (Maximum Authorized Mass) in excess of . Licences and Driver Certificate of Professional Competence qualification cards must be carried whilst driving vehicles in such categories. Special licences are also required in order to transport hazardous materials. Russia was one of the first countries to create a driving licence. Russia's first licences were issued in 1900 by Saint Petersburg authorities, and Russia joined an international convention in 1909. However, due to relatively small number of cars, the attempts to create a standardised Russian licence were rather sporadic and limited to major urban areas. No comprehensive system

after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice. In some international agreements the wording driver's permit is used, for instance in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car

"Graduated driver licensing"
driver of 21 years of age or older. A 16-year-old licensee may be able to drive unsupervised with permission. However, between 12 am and 6 am, 16-year-olds need supervision unless performing necessary activities. According to the National Safety Council, other states follow similar types of restrictions. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) first commenced in Australia in the mid-1960s with New South Wales introducing provisional licences on 4 January 1966. Learner licences had been in use since 1952. The provisional phase was for 12 months and had 40 mph speed restriction. Today in all Australian states, newly licensed drivers are required by

in 1903 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Soon after, other states followed suit, with virtually every state having adopted a form of registration plates by 1918. The first registration plates in the United States were made out of leather, rubber, iron, and porcelain, painted on the front in usually two different colors—one for the background and one for the lettering. This scheme held true for most states until about 1920. The front of the plate would usually contain the registration number in large digits, and in smaller lettering on one side of the plate, the two- or four-digit year number,

"2005 Qeshm earthquake"
One geophysicist has cited the lack of strict building codes as a serious concern. Iran experiences at least one minor earthquake per day on average, and the Zagros region is particularly prone to seismic activity. During the last 100 years, Iran has been hit by more than 130 events stronger than magnitude 5, with damaging earthquakes near Qeshm recorded in 1360, 1703, 1884, 1897, 1902, and 1905. The majority of Iranian quakes occur in the upper crust, close to the surface, which means that they are potentially more destructive. In terms of earthquake protection, Iran was named the ""worst offender""

"2013 Saravan earthquake"
century Pakistan and Iran have suffered a combined total of eighteen earthquakes, with the most recent earthquake in Iran occurring on April 16, 2013 and the most recent earthquake in Pakistan occurring on September 28, 2013. These earthquakes can range from microearthquakes, measuring less than a 2.0 on the moment magnitude scale (), to very large events measuring 7.0–7.9 . The smallest earthquakes may not be felt, while major earthquakes can be assessed at VIII (""Severe"") or higher on the Mercalli intensity scale. Subduction usually occurs at convergent fault lines. The underlying tectonic plate descends, or subducts, into the Earth's

"1997 Qayen earthquake"
for changes in building codes for earthquake-safe buildings. With 1 in 3,000 deaths in Iran attributable to earthquakes, a US geophysicist has suggested that a country-wide rebuilding program would be needed to address the ongoing public safety concerns. Iran experiences regular earthquakes, with 200 reported in 1996 alone. Like dozens that had preceded it, the 1997 Qayen event was of significant magnitude. It occurred on Saturday, May 10, 1997 at 12:57 IRST in the Sistan region, one of the most seismically active areas of the country. The first major earthquake in that region since 1979, it registered 7.3 on the

"2014 Murmuri earthquake"
2014 Murmuri earthquake The 2014 Murmuri earthquake occurred on August 18 in the Zagros Mountains of Iran with a moment magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (""Severe""). The dip-slip shock injured 60–330 people and was followed by a number of high intensity aftershocks. The area had not seen a large seismic event since developments in Earth observation satellites allowed scientists to more precisely study earthquakes. Observations made using Interferometric synthetic aperture radar imply that different faults were ruptured by the mainshock and the largest aftershock, each leading to different surface deformations. Phone lines, water, and electricity

"2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake"
earthquake occurred near the Iran–Iraq border, approximately northeast of Baghdad. According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale and was caused by movement on a thrust fault dipping at a shallow angle to the northeast. The epicentre was at a depth of , and the maximum perceived intensity was VIII (""severe shaking"") on the Mercalli intensity scale. This was the strongest earthquake recorded in the region since a 6.1 M event in January 1967. The earthquake was felt throughout the Middle East and as far away as Israel, the Arabian Peninsula and

resources for the time being. 2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake On 12 November 2017 at 18:18 UTC (21:48 Iran Standard Time, 21:18 Arabia Standard Time), an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.3 occurred on the Iran–Iraq border, with the Iraqi Kurdish city of Halabja, and the Sunni Kurdish dominated places of Ezgeleh, Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province in Iran, closest to the epicentre, south of the city of Halabja, Iraqi Kurdistan. It was felt as far away as Israel and the United Arab Emirates. With at least 630 people killed (mostly in Iraq's Kurdish Halabja area and the Iranian Kurdish dominated

"2005 Zarand earthquake"
2005 Zarand earthquake The 2005 Zarand earthquake affected several villages in the Kerman province of Iran on February 22 at . The shock measured 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (""Severe""). Zarand is located 740 km southeast of Tehran. The maximum recorded peak ground acceleration was 0.51 ""g"" at Shirinrud dam. The United States' National Earthquake Information Center and the Belgian' Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters both show that 612 died and 1,411 were injured in the event. Four villages, each having around 1,000 inhabitants, were reported completely destroyed,

"2003 Bam earthquake"
these results, scientists suggest that the Bam earthquake ruptured a hidden fault and that in this process an unusually strong asperity was involved, causing the widespread devastation of the tremor. The quake occurred at 01:56 UTC (5:26 AM Iran Standard Time) on December 26, 2003. Its epicenter was roughly southwest of the ancient city of Bam. Maximum intensities were at Bam and Baravat, with the most damage concentrated within the radius around the city. At least 26,271 people were killed and 30,000 injured. In terms of human loss the quake was the worst to occur in Iranian history. The BBC

"2008 Qeshm earthquake"
have lived in small towns and villages. Earthquake-proof construction is very rare in those areas and adequate building regulations are not yet in place"". Bibliography 2008 Qeshm earthquake The 2008 Qeshm earthquake occurred on 10 September in the Hormozgān Province of southern Iran, south of Tehran. Its epicenter was near the port city of Bandar Abbas, where an earthquake two years prior had caused damage. The earthquake measured 5.9 on the moment magnitude scale and 6 on the surface wave scale, killing seven people and injuring up to 45. Causing both catastrophic and minor damage, the earthquake devastated up to

2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake On 12 November 2017 at 18:18 UTC (21:48 Iran Standard Time, 21:18 Arabia Standard Time), an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.3 occurred on the Iran–Iraq border, with the Iraqi Kurdish city of Halabja, and the Sunni Kurdish dominated places of Ezgeleh, Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province in Iran, closest to the epicentre, south of the city of Halabja, Iraqi Kurdistan. It was felt as far away as Israel and the United Arab Emirates. With at least 630 people killed (mostly in Iraq's Kurdish Halabja area and the Iranian Kurdish dominated province of Kermanshah), and more

"Crater lake"
changes in environmental conditions over time, the occurrence of such floods is common to all natural dam types. A well-known crater lake, which bears the same name as the geological feature, is Crater Lake in Oregon. It is located in the caldera of Mount Mazama. It is the deepest lake in the United States with a depth of . Crater Lake is fed solely by falling rain and snow, with no inflow or outflow at the surface, and hence is one of the clearest lakes in the world. The highest volcano in the world, 6,893-m (22,615-ft) Ojos del Salado in

"Crater Lake"
June 1853, John Wesley Hillman became the first non-Native American explorer to report sighting the lake he named the ""Deep Blue Lake."" The lake was renamed at least three times, as Blue Lake, Lake Majesty, and finally Crater Lake. The lake is across, with a caldera rim ranging in elevation from and an average lake depth of . The lake's maximum depth has been measured at , which fluctuates slightly as the weather changes. On the basis of maximum depth, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States, the second-deepest in North America (after Great Slave Lake in

"Mount Mazama"
caldera, with a depth of ; it is the deepest body of freshwater in the United States and the second deepest in North America after Great Slave Lake in Canada. Before its caldera-forming eruption, Mazama stood at an elevation between , placing it about above the lake; this would have made it Oregon's highest peak. The Global Volcanism Program currently lists its elevation at , while the Geographic Names Information System provides an elevation of . Crater Lake National Park covers an area of , including forest areas, alpine terrain, the Crater Lake, and the vast majority of Mount Mazama.

a depth of , the lake is the deepest in the United States. In the world, it ranks ninth for maximum depth, and third for mean (average) depth. Crater Lake is also known for the ""Old Man of the Lake"", a full-sized tree which is now a log that has been bobbing vertically in the lake for over a century. The low temperature of the water has slowed the decomposition of the wood, hence its longevity. Crater Lake features two small islands. Wizard Island, located near the western shore of the lake, is a cinder cone approximately 316 acres (128

"Lake Peigneur"
Lake Peigneur Lake Peigneur (locally pronounced ) is a saline lake in the US state of Louisiana, north of Delcambre and west of New Iberia, near the northernmost tip of Vermilion Bay. With a maximum depth of , it is the deepest lake in Louisiana. It was a deep freshwater body, popular with sportsmen, until an unusual man-made disaster on November 20, 1980 changed its structure and the surrounding land. On Thursday, November 20, 1980, an oil rig contracted by Texaco accidentally drilled into the Diamond Crystal Salt Company salt mine under the lake. Because of an incorrect or misinterpreted

"Lake Crescent"
Lake Crescent Lake Crescent is a deep lake located entirely within Olympic National Park in Clallam County, Washington, United States, approximately west of Port Angeles, Washington on U.S. Route 101 and nearby to the small community of Piedmont. At an official maximum depth of , also the maximum depth of the depth sounder used to find that depth (see depth section), it is officially the second deepest lake in Washington. Unofficial depth measurements of more than have been rumored in the region for years, although this figure has recently been proven false after a lake-wide bathymetric survey was performed from

"Jackson Lake"
is one of the largest high altitude lakes in the United States, at an elevation of above sea level. The lake is up to long, wide and deep. The water of the lake averages below , even during the summer. Numerous species of fish inhabit the lake including nonnative brown and lake trout and the native Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout and mountain whitefish. There are over 15 islands in the lake, including the largest, Elk Island, and Donoho Point. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway is located near the northern end of Jackson Lake and extends to the south

"Lake Baikal"
Lake Baikal Lake Baikal (; ; , ""Baigal nuur""; , ""Baigal nuur"", etymologically meaning, in Mongolian, ""the Nature Lake"") is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast. Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake by volume in the world, containing 22–23% of the world's fresh surface water. With of fresh water, it contains more water than the North American Great Lakes combined. With a maximum depth of , Baikal is the world's deepest lake. It is considered among the world's clearest lakes and is considered

Crater Lake Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a nearly -deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years. With

"Crater Lake National Park"
Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake National Park is an American national park located in southern Oregon. Established in 1902, Crater Lake is the fifth-oldest national park in the United States and the only national park in Oregon. The park encompasses the caldera of Crater Lake, a remnant of a destroyed volcano, Mount Mazama, and the surrounding hills and forests. The lake is deep at its deepest point, which makes it the deepest lake in the United States, the second-deepest in North America and the ninth-deepest in the world. Crater Lake is often referred to as the seventh-deepest lake in

"Sainsbury's"
areas. Sainsbury's Sainsbury's is the second largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom, with a 16.9% share of the supermarket sector. Founded in 1869, by John James Sainsbury with a shop in Drury Lane, London, the company became the largest retailer of groceries in 1922, was an early adopter of self-service retailing in the United Kingdom, and had its heyday during the 1980s. In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the market leader, and Asda became the second largest in 2003, demoting Sainsbury's to third place for most of the subsequent period until January 2014, when Sainsbury's regained second

Sainsbury's Sainsbury's is the second largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom, with a 16.9% share of the supermarket sector. Founded in 1869, by John James Sainsbury with a shop in Drury Lane, London, the company became the largest retailer of groceries in 1922, was an early adopter of self-service retailing in the United Kingdom, and had its heyday during the 1980s. In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the market leader, and Asda became the second largest in 2003, demoting Sainsbury's to third place for most of the subsequent period until January 2014, when Sainsbury's regained second place.

Morrisons
Morrisons Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc, trading as Morrisons, is the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom, and is headquartered in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Founded in 1899 by William Morrison, hence the abbreviation Wm Morrison, it began as an egg and butter stall in Rawson Market, Bradford, England. Until 2004, Morrisons store locations were primarily focused in the North of England, but with the takeover of Safeway in that year, the company's presence increased significantly in the South of England, Wales and Scotland. As of 2016 the company had 498 superstores across England, Wales and Scotland, as

Morrisons
has only recently branched towards offering an online shopping service. In May 2013 Morrisons announced a partnership with Ocado to use its technology systems and distribution infrastructure to help launch its own online service. Morrisons also signed a deal with Amazon to supply products for their Prime Pantry. In mid-2015, Morrisons was still the smallest of the 'big four' supermarkets—with a market share of 11%, down 0.3% from 2014. According to CACI, as of 2006, Morrisons had market dominance in 10 postcode areas; SY (Shrewsbury), LD (Llandrindod Wells), WS (Walsall), TS (Cleveland), TD (Hawick), BD (Bradford), HG (Harrogate), LS (Leeds),

"Booker Group"
Booker Group Booker Group plc was the United Kingdom's largest food wholesale operator, offering branded and private label goods to over 400,000 customers, including independent convenience stores, grocers, pubs, and restaurants. The company also founded, and was previously a sponsor of, the Booker Prize (originally the Booker–McConnell Prize) for literary fiction, which was established in 1968. In January 2017, it was announced that the supermarket retailer Tesco had agreed to merge the company for £3.7 billion. It was confirmed on 5 March 2018 that Tesco had completed its merger of Booker. The company was founded by George and Richard Booker

Tesco
was also reported to be seeking to sell Dobbies Garden Centres, Giraffe Restaurants and Harris + Hoole to concentrate on its main supermarket business. On 27 January 2017, it was announced that Tesco had reached an agreement to merge with Britain's biggest wholesaler Booker Group to create the UK's largest food group, there are however concerns over market dominance with Tesco being Britain's largest food retailer and Booker being the UK's largest wholesaler. It was announced in March 2017 that Trevor Masters, International Chief Executive, would be leaving in May after 38 years with the company. On 1 April, Tony

"The Co-operative Group"
described in an annual report: The group has 85% of the co-operative retail business in the UK and substantial shares in wider markets, including travel and funerals. The Group's food retailing business, which trades as Co-op Food and Nisa, is the largest division of the group with over 6,500 stores of various sizes and with the largest geographical spread of any retailer. The stores are mainly in the convenience and medium-sized supermarket sector, with some larger superstores. As of 2017 it is the sixth largest supermarket chain in the UK, with 6.3% of market share. The business also acts as

Group confirmed it had reached an agreement with Musgrave Group to buy the Budgens and Londis grocery chains, for £40 million. In January 2017, Tesco announced that it had reached an agreement to merge with Booker Group for £3.7 billion, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. It was confirmed on the 5 March 2018 that Tesco had completed its merger with Booker. The company supplies approximately 1.5 million businesses across the United Kingdom, through its different divisions. It operates cash-and-carry branches throughout the United Kingdom (as well as a few in India) and operates a national delivery service in the

Tesco
Tesco Tesco plc, trading as Tesco, is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer with headquarters in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by gross revenues and ninth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues. It has shops in seven countries across Asia and Europe, and is the market leader of groceries in the UK (where it has a market share of around 28.4%), Ireland, Hungary and Thailand. Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls. The Tesco name first appeared in 1924,

Asda
chain announced that it would be getting involved in click and collect plus returns for online orders from retailers such as ASOS and Ideal World. , Tesco has a 30.4% share of the UK grocery market while Asda's share is 17.5%, followed by Sainsbury's at 16.1%, and Morrisons at 11.8%. According to CACI, as of 2006, Asda has market dominance in 14 postcode areas; DY (Dudley), B (Birmingham), CH (Chester), L (Liverpool), WN (Wigan), BL (Bolton), BB (Blackburn), LA (Lancaster), HU (Kingston upon Hull), SR (Sunderland), DH (Durham), NE (Newcastle upon Tyne), G (Glasgow) and AB (Aberdeen). Asda currently has

"Marvin the Martian"
named in the original shorts – he was called the Commander of Flying Saucer X-2 in ""The Hasty Hare"" in 1952 – but decades later, when the character attracted merchandising interest, the current name was selected. Marvin hails from the planet Mars, but is often found elsewhere. He is often accompanied by his dog ""K-9"", and sometimes by other creatures (one gag, first used in ""Hare-Way to the Stars"" (1958), being candy-sized ""Instant Martians"" that become full-size on addition of drops of water). Marvin wears a Roman soldier's uniform, with basketball shoes. The style of these shoes resembles the Chuck

"Marvin (comic strip)"
Marvin (comic strip) Marvin, later called Marvin & Family, is a daily newspaper comic strip created by cartoonist Tom Armstrong and distributed in the U.S. by Hearst's King Features Syndicate. Debuting in 1982, it revolves around the life and times of a young baby boy named Marvin, along with his parents, Jeff and Jenny Miller, and their dog Bitsy. In 1989, CBS aired a special, ""Marvin, Baby of the Year."" Cartoonist Tom Armstrong debuted the seven-days-weekly comic strip ""Marvin"" on Sunday, August 1, 1982. Originally distributed by North America Syndicate, it later went through Hearst's King Features Syndicate. The strip

the film and the Eddie Murphy vehicle ""Hong Kong Phooey"" was leaked on December 28, 2012. Marvin the Martian Marvin the Martian is a character from Warner Bros.' ""Looney Tunes"" and ""Merrie Melodies"" cartoons. After Bugs Bunny had begun to outwit Yosemite Sam – the creation of the senior director, Friz Freleng – director Chuck Jones decided to create the opposite type of character, one who was quiet and soft-spoken, but whose actions were incredibly destructive and legitimately dangerous. Marvin the Martian was the result, and made his debut in 1948's ""Haredevil Hare"". Unlike the other Warner Bros. cartoon villains,

Marvin the Martian Marvin the Martian is a character from Warner Bros.' ""Looney Tunes"" and ""Merrie Melodies"" cartoons. After Bugs Bunny had begun to outwit Yosemite Sam – the creation of the senior director, Friz Freleng – director Chuck Jones decided to create the opposite type of character, one who was quiet and soft-spoken, but whose actions were incredibly destructive and legitimately dangerous. Marvin the Martian was the result, and made his debut in 1948's ""Haredevil Hare"". Unlike the other Warner Bros. cartoon villains, Marvin can be actually evil at most points, and not just daft; although, like the others,

"Marvin Marvin"
Marvin Marvin Marvin Marvin is an American science fiction slapstick comedy television series that aired from November 24, 2012 to April 27, 2013. The series stars Lucas Cruikshank as the title character Marvin Marvin, an alien teenage boy adjusting to human life. On June 26, 2013, Cruikshank said that he had left Nickelodeon for good. Set in Portland, Oregon, ""Marvin Marvin"" follows the adventures of a teenage alien with special powers named Marvin (Lucas Cruikshank) who was sent to Earth by his parents in order to protect him from evil invaders on his home planet, Klooton. Under the supervision of

to destroy the Earth because, he reasons, ""it obstructs my view of Venus""; he has been trying to destroy the Earth for more than two millennia, suggesting that members of his species, and possibly Martian creatures in general, have extremely long lifespans. The original reference to ""Uranium Pu-36"" changed to ""Illudium PU-36"" in subsequent cartoons. Marvin is consistently foiled by Bugs Bunny. He has battled for space territory, Planet X, with Daffy Duck, a.k.a. ""Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century"". He has appeared in three animated shows on Cartoon Network — as a 3 year old toddler in ""Baby Looney

(in a few of the original shorts, his suit was green). He is also known for his trademark quotes ""Where's the kaboom? There was supposed to be an Earth-shattering kaboom!"", ""Isn't that lovely?"", and ""This makes me very angry, very angry indeed."" On numerous occasions, Marvin has tried to destroy the Earth with his ""Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator"" (sometimes pronounced ""Illudium Pu-36"" or ""Uranium Pu-36""). Marvin always laboriously over-pronounces the name of the device, which resembles a stick of dynamite, in order to avoid any possibility of confusing it with some other similar form of explosive technology. Marvin attempts

"Lee Marvin"
BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, an NBR Award, and the Silver Bear for Best Actor. Marvin was born in New York City. He was the son of two working professionals, Lamont Waltman Marvin, an advertising executive and later the head of the New York and New England Apple Institute, and Courtenay Washington (née Davidge), a well respected fashion and beauty writer/editor. As with his elder brother, Robert, he was named in honor of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, who was his first cousin, four times removed. His father was a direct descendant of Matthew Marvin Sr., who emigrated from

Christmas celebration, gives Marvin a rocket that will go faster than the speed of light, allowing him to make it to Mars by yesterday. Marvin is the main antagonist in """". In nearly all of his appearances, Marvin is shown using a small pistol that fires either bubbles of pliable plastic or energy beams, and he is seen in ""Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century"", with Gossamer, a hairy red monster, as his assistant. Marvin's descendant Melvin (voiced by Joe Alaskey) appeared as a one-time antagonist in ‘’Loonatics Unleashed’’. On July 29, 2008, Warner Bros. and Alcon Entertainment announced plans

"The Sons of Lee Marvin"
the joke in the media. Tom Waits described it to ""Rolling Stone"" in 1986 as ""somewhere between the Elks Club and the Academy Awards"", and claimed to have met Jarmusch at an annual meeting of the New York chapter. When asked about the society by friend and collaborator Luc Sante in a 1989 interview, Jarmusch commented ""I'm not at liberty to divulge information about the organization, other than to tell you that it does exist. I can identify three other members of the organization: Tom Waits, John Lurie, and Richard Boes ... You have to have a facial structure such

"Military history of Italy during World War II"
Military history of Italy during World War II The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. Italy joined the war as one of the Axis Powers in 1940, as the French surrendered, with a plan to concentrate Italian forces on a major offensive against the British Empire in Africa and the Middle East, while hoping for the collapse of the UK in the European theatre. The Italians bombed Mandatory Palestine, invaded Egypt and occupied British Somaliland with

"Italian Campaign (World War II)"
They pushed the German defenders from the commanding high point of Monte Castello and the adjacent Monte Belvedere and Castelnuovo, depriving them of artillery positions that had been commanding the approaches to Bologna since the narrowly failed Allied attempt to take the city in the autumn. Meanwhile, damage to other transport infrastructure forced Axis forces to use sea, canal and river routes for re-supply, leading to Operation ""Bowler"" against shipping in Venice harbour on 21 March 1945. The Allies' final offensive commenced with massive aerial and artillery bombardments on 9 April 1945. The Allies had 1,500,000 men and women deployed

out the attack, the , was sunk in May 1943. The armistice put a stop to further planning. The Italians fared poorly in North Africa almost from the beginning. Within a week of Italy's declaration of war on 10 June 1940, the British 11th Hussars had seized Fort Capuzzo in Libya. In an ambush east of Bardia, the British captured the Italian 10th Army Engineer-in-Chief, General Lastucci. On 28 June Marshal Italo Balbo, the Governor-General of Libya, was killed by friendly fire while landing in Tobruk. Mussolini ordered Balbo's replacement, General Rodolfo Graziani, to launch an attack into Egypt immediately.

Mediterranean (the ""Mare Nostrum""), were partially met by late 1942. By this point Italian influence extended throughout the Mediterranean. Libya had been pacified under the fascists and was undergoing Italian settlement. A friendly Fascist regime had been installed in Spain, and a puppet regime installed in Croatia following the German-Italian Invasion of Yugoslavia. Albania, Ljubljana, coastal Dalmatia, and Montenegro had been directly annexed into the Italian state. Most of Greece had been occupied by Italy following the Greco-Italian War and Battle of Greece, as had the French territories of Corsica and Tunisia following Vichy France's collapse and Case Anton. Finally,

opened up new fronts in North Africa and the Mediterranean. After Italy entered the war, pressure from Nazi Germany led to the internment in the Campagna concentration camp of some of Italy's Jewish refugees. In June 1940, after initial success, the Italian offensive into southern France stalled at the fortified Alpine Line. On 24 June 1940, France surrendered to Germany. Italy occupied a swathe of French territory along the Franco-Italian border. During this operation, Italian casualties amounted to 1,247 men dead or missing and 2,631 wounded. A further 2,151 Italians were hospitalised due to frostbite. Late in the Battle of

since the Mediterranean was Italy's only conduit to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In 1935, Italy initiated the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, ""a nineteenth-century colonial campaign waged out of due time"". The campaign gave rise to optimistic talk on raising a native Ethiopian army ""to help conquer"" Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The war also marked a shift towards a more aggressive Italian foreign policy and also ""exposed [the] vulnerabilities"" of the British and French. This in turn created the opportunity Mussolini needed to begin to realize his imperial goals. In 1936, the Spanish Civil War broke out. From the beginning, Italy played an

Britain, Italy contributed an expeditionary force, the Corpo Aereo Italiano, which took part in the Blitz from October 1940 until April 1941, at which time the last elements of the force were withdrawn. In November 1942, the Italian Royal Army occupied south-eastern Vichy France and Corsica as part of Case Anton. From December 1942, Italian military government of French departments east of the Rhône River was established, and continued until September 1943, when Italy quit the war. This had the effect of providing a ""de facto"" temporary haven for French Jews fleeing the Holocaust. In January 1943 the Italians refused

of Egypt, but at the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1942) General Claude Auchinleck halted Rommel's advance only from Alexandria. Rommel made a final attempt to break through during the Battle of Alam el Halfa but Eighth Army, by this time commanded by Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, held firm. After a period of reinforcement and training the Allies assumed the offensive at the Second Battle of Alamein (October/November 1942) where they scored a decisive victory and the remains of Rommel's German-Italian Panzer Army were forced to engage in a fighting retreat for to the Libyan border with Tunisia. After the

Ancona and, after a month-long battle, succeeded in capturing it on 18 July. During ""Operation Olive"", which commenced on 25 August, the Gothic Line defences were penetrated on both the Fifth and Eighth Army fronts; but, there was no decisive breakthrough. Churchill, the British Prime Minister, had hoped that a major advance in late 1944 would open the way for the Allied armies to advance northeast through the ""Ljubljana Gap"" (the area between Venice and Vienna, which is today's Slovenia) to Vienna and Hungary to forestall the Red Army from advancing into Eastern Europe. Churchill's proposal had been strongly opposed

Operation Torch landings in the Vichy French territories of Morocco and Algeria (November 1942) British, American and French forces advanced east to engage the German-Italian forces in the Tunisia Campaign. By February, the Axis forces in Tunisia were joined by Rommel's forces, after their long withdrawal from El Alamein, which were re-designated the Italian First Army (under Giovanni Messe) when Rommel left to command the Axis forces to the north at the Battle of the Kasserine Pass. Despite the Axis success at Kasserine, the Allies were able to reorganise (with all forces under the unified direction of 18th Army Group

"Catawba River"
(Note: this list may be incomplete) North Carolina South Carolina Catawba River The Catawba River (named after the Native American tribes that first settled on the banks) originates in Western North Carolina and the name of the river changes to the Wateree River in South Carolina. The river is approximately 220 miles (350 km) long. It rises in the Appalachian Mountains and drains into the Piedmont, where it has been impounded through a series of reservoirs for flood control and generation of hydroelectricity. The river is named after the Catawba tribe of Native Americans. In their Siouan language, they identified

"Waccamaw River"
South Carolina forms part of the recreational Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, which joins the river from the northeast at Bucksport, South Carolina. The river's extensive wetlands offer habitat for diverse species, including the Carolina pygmy sunfish and the American black bear. ""Extensive forest communities cover the Waccamaw floodplain, including cypress-gum swamp and bottomland hardwood forests. The bottomland hardwood forests of the Waccamaw are unique in the Carolinas in containing abundant Atlantic white cedar and live oaks, along with the more typical laurel and overcup oak and loblolly pine."" A portion of the habitat has been acquired by The Nature Conservancy. Land

"James River"
and Jackson rivers in the Appalachian Mountains. It flows into the Chesapeake Bay at Hampton Roads. Tidal waters extend west to Richmond, the capital of Virginia, at the river's fall line (the head of navigation). Larger tributaries draining to the tidal portion include the Appomattox River, Chickahominy River, Warwick River, Pagan River, and the Nansemond River. At its mouth near Newport News Point, the Elizabeth River and the Nansemond River join the James River to form the harbor area known as Hampton Roads. Between the tip of the Virginia Peninsula near Old Point Comfort and the Willoughby Spit area of

Catawba River The Catawba River (named after the Native American tribes that first settled on the banks) originates in Western North Carolina and the name of the river changes to the Wateree River in South Carolina. The river is approximately 220 miles (350 km) long. It rises in the Appalachian Mountains and drains into the Piedmont, where it has been impounded through a series of reservoirs for flood control and generation of hydroelectricity. The river is named after the Catawba tribe of Native Americans. In their Siouan language, they identified as the ""Kawahcatawbas,"" ""the people of the river"". It rises

American singer/songwriter Roseanne Cash refers to a planned wedding, sometime around the start of the Civil War, ""down by the King James River"" in Virginia. Cracker's ""James River"" is on their 1998 album Gentlemen's Blues. James River The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia that begins in the Appalachian Mountains and flows to Chesapeake Bay. The river length extends to if one includes the Jackson River, the longer of its two source tributaries. It is the longest river in Virginia and the 12th longest river in the United States that remains entirely within a single

James River The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia that begins in the Appalachian Mountains and flows to Chesapeake Bay. The river length extends to if one includes the Jackson River, the longer of its two source tributaries. It is the longest river in Virginia and the 12th longest river in the United States that remains entirely within a single state. Williamsburg, Virginia’s first colonial capital, and Richmond, Virginia's current capital, lie on the James River. The Native Americans who populated the area east of the Fall Line in the late 16th and early 17th

long tidal estuary. The long narrow point of land along the ocean formed by the lower river is called Waccamaw Neck. At Georgetown it receives the Black River (South Carolina) from the north, then turns sharply to the southeast and enters the ocean at Winyah Bay, approximately five miles (8 km) north along the coast from the mouth of the Santee River. The lower river is navigable as far as Conway, and has formed an important commercial route for the region since the 18th century. Before that, it was equally important for various Native American cultures. Its lower course in

"Cooper River (South Carolina)"
deeper draft. Cooper River (South Carolina) The Cooper River is a mainly tidal river in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The South Carolina cities of Mt. Pleasant, Charleston, North Charleston, Goose Creek, Moncks Corner, and Hanahan are located along the river. Short and wide, it is joined first by the blackwater East Branch, then farther downstream, the tidal Wando River. Almost immediately thereafter, the river widens into its estuary, uniting with the Ashley River to form the Charleston Harbor. Long used as an important commercial waterway, the West Branch of the Cooper River was initially connected to the Santee

Cooper River (South Carolina) The Cooper River is a mainly tidal river in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The South Carolina cities of Mt. Pleasant, Charleston, North Charleston, Goose Creek, Moncks Corner, and Hanahan are located along the river. Short and wide, it is joined first by the blackwater East Branch, then farther downstream, the tidal Wando River. Almost immediately thereafter, the river widens into its estuary, uniting with the Ashley River to form the Charleston Harbor. Long used as an important commercial waterway, the West Branch of the Cooper River was initially connected to the Santee River near

"Santee River"
Santee River The Santee River is a river in South Carolina in the United States, and is long. The Santee and its tributaries provide the principal drainage for the coastal areas of southeastern South Carolina and navigation for the central coastal plain of South Carolina, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean approximately from its farthest headwater on the Catawba River in North Carolina. The Santee River is the second largest river on the eastern coast of the United States, second only to the Susquehanna River in drainage area and flow. Much of the upper river is impounded by the expansive, horn-shaped

"Criminal justice"
Criminal justice Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have committed crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions whose goals are to identify and catch unlawful individuals to inflict a form of punishment on them. Other goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and moral support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and prisons. The Law From Old English ""lagu"" (something laid down or fixed) (); ""legal"" comes from Latin ""legalis"", from ""lex"" ""law,"" ""statute"" ()

control, such as religious proscriptions, professional rules and ethics, or the cultural mores and customs of a society. Within the realm of codified law, there are generally two forms of law that the courts are concerned with. Civil laws are rules and regulations which govern transactions and grievances between individual citizens. Criminal law is concerned with actions which are dangerous or harmful to society as a whole, in which prosecution is pursued not by an individual but rather by the state. The purpose of criminal law is to provide the specific definition of what constitutes a crime and to prescribe

"Criminal law"
Criminal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. Criminal law includes the punishment and rehabilitation of people who violate such laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment or rehabilitation. Criminal procedure is a formalized

"Criminal procedure"
Criminal procedure Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure. Currently, in many countries with a democratic system and the rule of law, criminal procedure puts the burden of proof on the prosecution – that is, it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant

professional individuals. These include the judge, prosecutor, and the defense attorney. The judge, or magistrate, is a person, elected or appointed, who is knowledgeable in the law, and whose function is to objectively administer the legal proceedings and offer a final decision to dispose of a case. In the U.S. and in a growing number of nations, guilt or innocence (although in the U.S. a jury can never find a defendant ""innocent"" but rather ""not guilty"") is decided through the adversarial system. In this system, two parties will both offer their version of events and argue their case before the

intentional. Generally, crimes must include an intentional act, and ""intent"" is an element that must be proved in order to find a crime occurred. The idea of a ""strict liability crime"" is an oxymoron. The few exceptions are not truly crimes at all – but are administrative regulations and civil penalties created by statute, such as crimes against the traffic or highway code. A ""murder"", defined broadly, is an unlawful killing. Unlawful killing is probably the act most frequently targeted by the criminal law. In many jurisdictions, the crime of murder is divided into various gradations of severity, e.g., murder

the beginning of criminal fault for individuals, where individuals acting on behalf of a government can be tried for violations of international law without the benefit of sovereign immunity. In 1998 an International criminal court was established in the Rome Statute. Criminal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. Criminal law includes

court (sometimes before a judge or panel of judges, sometimes before a jury). The case should be decided in favor of the party who offers the most sound and compelling arguments based on the law as applied to the facts of the case. The prosecutor, or district attorney, is a lawyer who brings charges against a person, persons or corporate entity. It is the prosecutor's duty to explain to the court what crime was committed and to detail what evidence has been found which incriminates the accused. The prosecutor should not be confused with a plaintiff or plaintiff's counsel. Although

both serve the function of bringing a complaint before the court, the prosecutor is a servant of the state who makes accusations on behalf of the state in criminal proceedings, while the plaintiff is the complaining party in civil proceedings. A defense attorney counsels the accused on the legal process, likely outcomes for the accused and suggests strategies. The accused, not the lawyer, has the right to make final decisions regarding a number of fundamental points, including whether to testify, and to accept a plea offer or demand a jury trial in appropriate cases. It is the defense attorney's duty

"Criminal investigation"
Criminal investigation Criminal investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts, used to identify, locate and prove the guilt of an accused criminal. A complete criminal investigation can include searching, interviews, interrogations, evidence collection and preservation and various methods of investigation. Modern-day criminal investigations commonly employ many modern scientific techniques known collectively as forensic science. Criminal investigation is an ancient science that may have roots as far back as c. 1700 BCE in the writings of the Code of Hammurabi. In the code it is suggested that both the accuser and the accused had the right to

"2012 Aurora shooting"
2012 Aurora shooting On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside a Century 16 movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, during a midnight screening of the film ""The Dark Knight Rises"". Dressed in tactical clothing, James Eagan Holmes set off tear gas grenades and shot into the audience with multiple firearms. Twelve people were killed and seventy others were injured, 58 of them from gunfire. At the time, the attack had the largest number of casualties in one shooting in modern U.S. history, until the Orlando nightclub shooting in 2016 and the Las Vegas shooting in 2017. It was the

"Aurora, Colorado"
States history, and the second-deadliest shooting in Colorado after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. The shooting occurred just after midnight, when James Eagan Holmes opened fire during the midnight premiere of ""The Dark Knight Rises"" in a Century movie theater, killing 12 people and injuring 70 others. Holmes was arrested within 2 minutes of the incident, and was sentenced to 12 life sentences in prison with an additional required 3,318 years. The shooting drew an international response from world leaders. U.S. President Barack Obama visited victims, as well as local and state officials, and addressed the nation in a

multiplex in the wake of the shooting but reopened January 17, 2013 with a 40-minute ceremony led by Aurora Mayor Steve Hogan. As of April 2, 2015, Cinemark Theatres has not released any photographs or video evidence. Soon after the shooting, police departments and cinemas across the United States and around the world increased security for fear of copycat incidents. In New York City, police officers were deployed to theaters screening the new film. The National Association of Theatre Owners distributed checklists from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to its members and said in a July 21 statement that

occurred in Theater 9 at the Century 16 multiplex (operated by Cinemark), located at the Town Center at Aurora shopping mall at 14300 E. Alameda Avenue. Police said Holmes bought a ticket, entered the theater, and sat in the front row. About 20 minutes into the film, he left theater 9 through an emergency exit door beside the movie screen, with direct access to the lightly used parking area at the back of the complex, while propping the door slightly open with a plastic tablecloth holder. There were about 400 people inside theater 9. Holmes then went to his car,

"Town Center at Aurora"
no apology has yet been given. In June 2005, a 19-year-old girl was killed when trying to break up a fight at the mall. On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred at the Century 16 at Town Center at Aurora, during a midnight screening of the film ""The Dark Knight Rises"". A gunman, dressed in tactical clothing, set off tear gas grenades and shot into the audience with multiple firearms, killing 12 people and injuring 70 others. The gunman, James Holmes, was arrested outside the cinema minutes later. On August 24, 2015, he was sentenced to life in prison

July 19, 2018, one day before the sixth anniversary of the attack. It consists of a park-like dell with 83 abstract birds, one for each victim. Thirteen of the birds, with translucent wings, are on a center column and represent the twelve dead and the unborn child. The memorial, titled ""Ascentiate,"" was designed by artist Douwe Blumberg. Maps of crime scene Raw audio Photos 2012 Aurora shooting On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside a Century 16 movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, during a midnight screening of the film ""The Dark Knight Rises"". Dressed in tactical clothing, James

someone yelled that someone was shooting in the lobby. Holmes fired 76 shots in the theater: six from the shotgun, 65 from the semi-automatic rifle, and five from the .40-caliber handgun. The first phone calls to emergency services via 9-1-1 were made at 12:39 a.m. Police arrived within 90 seconds and found three .40-caliber handgun magazines, a shotgun, and a large drum magazine on the floor of the theater. Some people reported the shooting via Twitter or text messaging rather than calling the police; officers were already at the theater by the time that tweets had been sent. Ambulances were

singles to see films. Three victims sued Cinemark Theatres in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado on September 21, 2012 for the company's alleged negligence in failing to provide adequate safety and security measures. Their attorneys released the statement ""Readily available security procedures, security equipment and security personnel would likely have prevented or deterred the gunman from accomplishing his planned assault on the theater's patrons."" In response, Cinemark's representation filed a motion to dismiss on September 27, 2012, on the grounds that there was no liability under Colorado law for failure to prevent an unforeseeable criminal act.

to report box office figures for the movie until July 23. Some television advertisements for the film were also canceled. Other major film studios joined Warner Bros. in withholding early box office numbers on July 21. Warner Bros. reportedly made a ""substantial"" donation to Colorado's Community First Foundation to benefit victims. Christopher Nolan, the film's director, spoke on behalf of his cast and crew and called the event ""savage"" and ""devastating."" Christian Bale, who plays Batman in the film series, privately visited victims on July 24. Members of the Colorado Rockies baseball team also visited victims. Members of the Denver

"Iroquois Theatre fire"
with the evacuation. Some of the city's 30 uniformed police matrons were called in, because of the number of female casualties. Corpses were piled 10 high around the doors and windows. Many patrons had clambered over piles of bodies only to succumb themselves to the flames, smoke, and gases. It is estimated that 575 people were killed on the day of the fire; at least 30 more died of injuries over the following weeks. (The Great Chicago Fire, by comparison, claimed the lives of approximately 300 people.) Many of the Chicago victims were buried in Montrose, Forest Home, Calvary, Saint

at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course of several months, the foramen ovale closes, leaving a shallow depression known as the fossa ovalis. A number of medical conditions can affect the pulmonary circulation. The discovery of pulmonary circulation has been attributed to several scientists over the years. In much of modern medical literature, the discovery is credited to English physician William Harvey (1578 - 1657 CE). Other sources credit Spanish physician Michael Servetus (c. 1509 - 1553 CE) and Arab physician

and right ventricles. As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart, two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus. These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. During early development, the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration. In contrast to the ""pulmonary arteries"", the bronchial arteries supply nutrition

"Daylight saving time in the United States"
DST, the time changes were required to begin and end on the established dates. In 1967, Arizona and Michigan became the first states to exempt themselves from DST (Michigan would begin observing DST in 1972). In 1972, the act was amended (P.L. 92-267), allowing those states split between time zones to exempt either the entire state or that part of the state lying within a different time zone. The newly created Department of Transportation (DOT) was given power to enforce the law. , the following states and territories are not observing DST: Arizona, Hawaii, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the

people are active would cause people to run their cooling systems longer, thereby using more energy. The Navajo Indian Reservation extends into Utah and New Mexico and does observe daylight saving time. The Hopi Reservation is entirely within the state of Arizona and is an enclave within the Navajo Indian Reservation, but does not observe DST. California voters passed Proposition 12 in 1949, approving DST in the state. In February 2017, California Assembly member Kansen Chu introduced A.B. 807, proposing to enable the legislature to eliminate DST in the state, or, if federal law allows, to adopt DST for the

governor's executive order. Information on procedures required in a specific state may be obtained from that state's legislature or governor's office. Although it may exempt itself, if a state decides to observe DST, the dates of observance must comply with federal legislation. Alaska observes DST. Due to its high latitude, Alaska has nearly round-the-clock daylight during summer, and DST is seen by some Alaskans as unnecessary and a nuisance. Another issue is that the Alaskan mainland's single time zone, which approximates solar time in the capital, Juneau, leads to a large disparity between civil time and solar time for much

Daylight saving time in the United States Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year, so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less. Most areas of the United States observe daylight saving time (DST), the exceptions being Arizona (except for the Navajo, who do observe daylight saving time on tribal lands), Hawaii, and the overseas territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 established the system

no significant difference was found in fatalities among school-age children in the mornings. In 1986 Congress enacted P.L. 99-359, amending the Uniform Time Act by changing the beginning of DST to the first Sunday in April and having the end remain the last Sunday in October. These start and end dates were in effect from 1987 to 2006. The time was adjusted at 2:00 a.m. local time. By the Energy Policy Act of 2005, daylight saving time (DST) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007. As from that year, DST begins on the second Sunday of March and

DST anywhere. By 1962, the transportation industry found the lack of consistency confusing enough to push for federal regulation. The result was the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-387). Beginning in 1967, the act mandated standard time within the established time zones and provided for advanced time: clocks would be advanced one hour beginning at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday in April and turned back one hour at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday in October. States were allowed to exempt themselves from DST as long as the entire state did so. If a state chose to observe

especially to allow children to go trick-or-treating in more daylight. In some areas, the extension of daylight saving time in March and November has pushed back sunrise to as late as 8:30 am. Under the Standard Time Act of 1918, as amended by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, moving a state or an area within a state from one time zone to another requires a regulation issued by DOT. The governor or state legislature may initiate a request for the state or any part of the state; the highest elected officials in the county may make a request for

Central Time Zone. In 2015, the Nevada Senate passed Nevada Assembly Joint Resolution 4, which urged Congress to enact legislation allowing individual states to establish daylight saving time as the standard time in their respective states throughout the calendar year. This would mean that Nevada is on the same time as Arizona all year, but would be an hour ahead of California in the winter. The United States Congress has not yet enacted any enabling legislation in this regard. In 2015, Rep. Elizabeth Scott (R-Monroe) filed a House bill to end DST in Washington, and a companion bill was filed

"Uniform Time Act"
there are a few areas where de facto differences within states exist, the overall pattern is simple enough, and close enough to actual practice, that it is effective and efficient to learn the basic pattern (for repeat travelers and repeat users of long-distance telephone service) and to mention the fact to those likely to be affected by it (for those living or working in areas where de facto exceptions apply). The most noteworthy exceptions are the states of Arizona and Hawaii, the commonwealths of the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico, and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, and U.S.

that county. The standard in the statute for such decisions is the convenience of commerce in that area. The convenience of commerce is defined broadly to consider such circumstances as the shipment of goods within the community; the origin of television and radio broadcasts; the areas where most residents work, attend school, worship, or receive health care; the location of airports, railway, and bus stations; and the major elements of the community's economy. After receiving a request for altering a time zone, DOT determines whether it meets the requirement of minimum statutory criteria before issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking,

"R. Kelly"
other hip hop artists like Nas, Sean Combs, and The Notorious B.I.G. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has recognized R. Kelly as one of the best-selling music artists in the United States with 40 million albums sold as well as only the fifth black artist to crack the top 50 of the same list. In March 2011, R. Kelly was named the most successful R&B artist of the last 25 years by ""Billboard"".<ref name=""Date: 11/18/2010 9:19:22 PM""></ref> Kelly has released 12 solo studio albums, and sold over 75 million albums and singles worldwide, making him the most successful

"Whitney Houston albums discography"
1987's ""Whitney"". It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. Her albums Whitney Houston, ""Whitney"", """" and """" are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA. According to the RIAA, Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century, and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States, with shipments of 57 million albums. In addition, until the launch of the RIAA's digital certification program in 2004, she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history. According to

"Janet Jackson discography"
Janet Jackson discography This article contains the discography of American pop and R&B singer Janet Jackson and includes information relating to her album and single releases. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, and is listed as the eleventh best-selling female recording artist in the US. She has attained 10 Hot 100 number-one singles, 16 Hot R&B number-one singles, and 20 Hot Dance/Club Play number-one singles. She also has a career high of 28 top 10 hits on the Hot 100, 29 top 10 hits on the Hot R&B chart, and 34 top 10 hits on the Hot

Johnny Cash Johnny Cash (born J.R. Cash, February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. Although primarily remembered as a country music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk and gospel. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame. Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice, the distinctive sound of

"Cliff Richard"
Cliff Richard Sir Cliff Richard, (born Harry Rodger Webb, 14 October 1940) is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide. He has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Richard was originally marketed as a rebellious rock and roll singer in the style of Elvis and Little Richard. With his backing group, the Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the pre-Beatles period of the late 1950s

"Elvis Presley singles discography"
double sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts (Pop/Hot 100, Country, Easy Listening/Adult Contemporary, and Rhythm and Blues), as well as rival music publications, Cash Box and Record World. Another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. While Elvis is recognized by many in the recording industry as the best selling artist of all time, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the U.S. recording industry’s official certifying agent for sales, stirred up controversy in November 2007 when it announced that country singer Garth Brooks had become the best

"R. Kelly"
R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He has been credited for helping redefine R&B and hip hop, earning the nicknames ""King of R&B"" and ""King of Pop-Soul"". He is listed by ""Billboard"" as the most successful R&B/Hip Hop artist of the past 25 years (1985-2010) and also the most successful R&B artist in history. Throughout his career, Kelly has won numerous awards, including a Guinness World Records as well as countless other awards like Grammy, BET, Soul Train, Billboard, NAACP, and American Music Awards. In 2002 Kelly was indicted on

"One Piece"
television adaptation of Eiichiro Oda's ""One Piece"" manga series as part of the series' 20th anniversary celebrations. Eiichiro Oda will serve as executive producer for the series alongside Tomorrow Studios CEO Adelstein and Becky Clements. The series will reportedly begin with the East Blue arc. ""One Piece"" is the best-selling manga series in history; it sold 100 million collected ""tankōbon"" volumes by February 2005, and over 200 million by February 2011, before selling over 365 million copies sold in Japan and 440 million copies worldwide as of May 2018. According to Oricon, ""One Piece"" has been the best-selling manga series

for an English-language release in North America in 2004, before the license was dropped and subsequently acquired by Funimation in 2007. ""One Piece"" has received praise for its storytelling, art, characterization, and humor. Several volumes of the manga have broken publishing records, including the highest initial print run of any book in Japan. The official website for Eiichiro Oda's ""One Piece"" manga announced that the manga has set a ""Guinness World Record"" for ""the most copies published for the same comic book series by a single author"". As of May 2018, the manga has sold over 440 million copies worldwide,

Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro, author of ""Toriko"", for a crossover one-shot of their series titled , which ran in the April 4, 2011, issue of ""Weekly Shōnen Jump"". The spinoff series , written by Ei Andō in a super deformed art style, began serialization in the January 2015 issue of ""Saikyō Jump"". The ""One Piece"" manga was licensed for an English language release by Viz Media, who published it via chapters in the manga anthology ""Shonen Jump"", since the magazine's launch in November 2002, and in bound volumes since June 30, 2003. In 2009, Viz announced the release of five volumes per

manga: 2.85 million copies. Volume 57's print run of 3 million copies in 2010 was the highest first print for any book of any subject in Japan—a record that was broken several times by subsequent volumes and currently held by Volume 67's 4.05 million initial printing in 2012. Volume 60 was the first book to sell over two million copies in its opening week on Oricon book rankings, and later became the first book to sell over three million copies since the chart began in 2008. ""One Piece"" has also sold well in North America, charting on ""Publishers Weekly""s list

themselves. This Haki can also have physical impacts, such as causing tremors and destruction to the user's surrounding area. It is shown that when it is used too much Haki will stop working for certain periods of time, so it can't be in use constantly. While working as an assistant to Nobuhiro Watsuki, Oda began writing ""One Piece"" in 1996. It started as two one-shot stories entitled ""Romance Dawn""—which would later be used as the title for ""One Piece""s first chapter and volume. They both featured the character of Luffy, and included elements that would appear later in the main

making it the best-selling manga series in history. It became the best-selling manga for the tenth consecutive year in 2017. The series focuses on Monkey D. Luffy, a young man who, inspired by his childhood idol and powerful pirate ""Red Haired"" Shanks, sets off on a journey from the East Blue Sea to find the famed treasure One Piece and proclaim himself the King of the Pirates. In an effort to organize his own crew, the , Luffy rescues and befriends a swordsman named Roronoa Zoro, and they head off in search of the One Piece. They are joined in

series. The first of these short stories was published in August 1996 in ""Akamaru Jump"" and later in ""One Piece Red"". The second was published in the 41st issue of ""Weekly Shōnen Jump"" in 1996, and reprinted in 1998 in Oda's short story collection, ""Wanted!"". Oda revealed that he originally planned ""One Piece"" to last five years, and that he had already planned the ending. However, he found it would take longer than he had expected. Oda stated that the ending would be what he had decided in the beginning; he is committed to seeing it through. When creating a

Dawn Story"", was produced by Toei Animation in July 2008 for the Jump Super Anime Tour. It is 34 minutes in length and based on the first version of ""Romance Dawn"". It includes the Straw Hat Pirates up to Brook and their second ship, the ""Thousand Sunny"". In search for food for his crew, Luffy arrives at a port after defeating a pirate named Crescent Moon Gally on the way. There he meets a girl named Silk, who was abandoned by attacking pirates as a baby and raised by the mayor. Her upbringing causes her to value the town as

"A Million Little Pieces"
his experience in the treatment center. Frey makes frequent use of this stream of consciousness writing technique, which is intended to allow the reader to better understand his version of the events. Frey's unique writing style also involves his capitalizing nouns throughout the book for unclear reasons. Frey also uses heavy repetition of words throughout the text. The book was released on April 15, 2003, by Doubleday Books, a division of Random House, and received mixed feedback. While some critics, such as Pat Conroy, praised the book, calling it ""the ""War and Peace"" of addiction"", others were not as impressed

month during the first half of 2010 to catch up with the serialization in Japan. Following the discontinuation of the print ""Shonen Jump"", Viz began releasing ""One Piece"" chapterwise in its digital successor ""Weekly Shonen Jump"" on January 30, 2012. In the United Kingdom, the volumes were published by Gollancz Manga, starting in March 2006, until Viz Media took it over after the fourteenth volume. In Australia and New Zealand, the English volumes have been distributed by Madman Entertainment since November 10, 2008. In Poland, Japonica Polonica Fantastica is publishing the manga, Glénat in France, Panini Comics in Mexico, LARP

"Sinclair Broadcast Group"
purchase stations in Seattle and Salt Lake City, as well as Tribune stations in Cleveland, Denver, Miami, and Sacramento; the Miami station, being affiliated with The CW, could displace existing Fox affiliate WSVN. KPLR-TV, the CW affiliate in St. Louis, will be sold to Meredith. Cunningham Broadcasting will acquire 5 stations in Dallas, Houston, Portland, Los Angeles and New York; Armstrong Williams' Howard Stirk Holdings would acquire Sinclair stations in Seattle and Salt Lake City and a Tribune station in Oklahoma City; Standard Media acquired nine stations from Sinclair in Oklahoma City, Grand Rapids, Harrisburg, Greensboro, Richmond, Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, and Des

agreements with Sinclair for those stations. On February 21, 2018, Sinclair informed the FCC that it planned to sell off Tribune stations in New York City, Chicago, and San Diego, while seeking waivers to purchase the Tribune stations in Indianapolis, South Central Pennsylvania, and the Piedmont Triad. Sinclair is expected to enter into LMA's to operate WPIX and WGN-TV, while selling off KSWB outright. Overlapping stations in Seattle, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Oklahoma City, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Richmond, Virginia, and Des Moines, Iowa will be sold off to unaffiliated third parties. It was later reported that Fox would indeed

Sinclair Broadcast Group Sinclair Broadcast Group (SBG) is a publicly traded American telecommunications conglomerate that is controlled by the family of company founder Julian Sinclair Smith. Headquartered in the Baltimore suburb of Hunt Valley, Maryland, the company is the largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, and largest by total coverage; owning or operating a total of 193 stations across the country in over 100 markets (covering 40% of American households), many of which are located in the South and Midwest. Sinclair also owns four digital multicast networks (Comet, Charge!, Stadium, and TBD) and one

Moines; and another buyer will acquire some stations in Seattle, Miami, Denver, Cleveland and San Diego. On May 9, 2018, Fox Television Stations announced it would be acquiring KCPQ, a Fox affiliate in Seattle, Washington; WSFL, a CW affiliate in Miami, Florida; KDVR, a Fox affiliate in Denver, Colorado; WJW, a Fox affiliate in Cleveland, Ohio; KTXL, a Fox affiliate in Sacramento, California; KSWB, a Fox affiliate in San Diego, California; and KSTU, a Fox affiliate in Salt Lake City, Utah for $910 million in cash and value stock. In exchange, Sinclair received options to acquire WPWR-TV and KTBC from

a higher bid closer to Tribune's appraisal price, for the stations. The deal is expected to receive FCC approval sometime in the fourth quarter of 2017. To comply with Department of Justice antitrust and FCC ownership regulations (assuming a draft of the latter agency's media ownership review – which is expected to be released as early as late summer – is unable to receive Congressional approval), Sinclair will likely be required to sell stations owned by either company in up to twelve markets in order to address ownership conflicts. The most significant conflicts exist in Seattle, Salt Lake City, Oklahoma

in Omaha and KMEG in Sioux City, which had been operated by TTBG through shared services agreements. On April 23, TTBG had filed to sell a seventh station, KDBC-TV in El Paso, Texas, to Cunningham Broadcasting, leading to speculation that the station's operations would be consolidated with Sinclair-owned KFOX-TV. On August 7, Sinclair exercised its option to purchase KDBC outright from Cunningham Broadcasting. FCC duopoly regulations normally disallow two of the four highest-rated stations (which are usually the affiliate stations of the ""Big Four"" networks) from being directly owned by a single entity. However, in this case (due to the

are located in markets where neither groups' stations conflict with FCC rules (among them, KCPQ and its MyNetworkTV-affiliated sister KZJO in Seattle, the former of which was earlier sought by Fox in 2014 in a failed attempt to leverage KCPQ's Fox affiliation in order to convince Tribune into selling). On December 14, reports stated that the U.S. Department of Justice signaled that it would grant approval of the Sinclair-Tribune merger, provided that the groups sell off a total of between 11 and 13 stations in the ten conflict markets. In January 2018, the ""Financial Times"" reported that Fox was finalizing

Sinclair agreed to acquire seven television stations owned by Allbritton Communications for $985 million. Allbritton sold the stations in order to refocus on its ""Politico"" website and newspaper. In addition to the television stations (all of which are affiliated with ABC) including Washington, D.C. flagship station WJLA-TV, the deal included a regional cable news channel in Washington, D.C., NewsChannel 8, which Sinclair has indicated may be the base for a larger expansion in cable news. Concurrent with the deal, Sinclair was to have sold the license assets for WABM and WTTO in Birmingham, Alabama and WHP-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to

Las Vegas, Nevada (KVCW and KVMY), Cincinnati, Ohio (WSTR-TV) and Norfolk, Virginia (WTVZ). Of these stations, WLFL and WTVZ are both former Fox charter affiliates, having disaffiliated with the network in 1998 to become affiliates of The WB. On July 19, 2012, Sinclair announced it would acquire six stations from Newport Television, including WKRC-TV in Cincinnati, WOAI-TV in San Antonio, WHP-TV (along with its LMA for WLYH-TV) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, WPMI-TV and WJTC in Mobile, Alabama and KSAS-TV (along with its LMA for KMTW) in Wichita, Kansas for $412.5 million. Concurrently, Sinclair announced that it would also acquire Tampa station

to enter into the transaction,"" and Sinclair was underpaying for Fisher's stock. Shortly after the announcement, a lawsuit was filed by a Fisher shareholder; the suit was settled in July 2013, with Fisher's shareholders approving the merger on August 6. On August 7, the FCC granted its approval of the deal, which was completed the next day. On June 3, 2013, Sinclair announced that it would purchase four stations from the Titan TV Broadcast Group – KMPH-TV and KFRE-TV in Fresno, California, KPTM in Omaha, Nebraska, and KPTH in Sioux City, Iowa. Sinclair also took over the operations of KXVO

"Rivers State"
is subdivided into Cross River, Igboid, and Edoid groups. The Ijoid languages are predominant around the creek belt, Cross River is spoken in the central and eastern parts, Igboid dominates mainly the northern and most inland Rivers State while Edoid is used in the western central areas. Rivers State has maintained its importance as a leading supplier of wealth to the nation for centuries. In 2007, the state ranked 2nd nationwide with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $21.07 billion and a per capita income of $3,965. The state is famous for its vast reserves of crude oil and natural

"Delta State"
Delta State Delta or Delta State is an oil and agricultural producing state of Nigeria, situated in the region known as the South-South geo-political zone with a population of 4,112,445 (males: 2,069,309; females: 2,043,136). The capital city is Asaba, located at the northern end of the state, with an estimated area of , while Warri is the economic nerve center of the state and also the most populated. It is located in the southern end of the state. The state has a total land area of . The state covers a landmass of about 18,050 km², of which more than

Nigeria
Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014. More than $400 billion were stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999. In late 2013, Nigeria's then central bank governor Lamido Sanusi informed President Goodluck Jonathan that the state oil company, NNPC, had failed to remit US$20 billion in oil revenues, which it owed the state. Jonathan, however, dismissed the claim and replaced Sanusi for alleged mismanagement of the central bank's budget. A Senate committee also found Sanusi's account to be lacking substance. After the conclusion of the NNPC's account audit, it was announced in January 2015

"Economy of Nigeria"
companies in Nigeria was valued at $97.75 billion on 15 February 2008 by the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The Swiss foreign ministry says it has done all it can to ensure that funds stolen by the late Nigerian dictator Sani Abacha were used properly in his homeland. The authorities were responding to allegations that $200 million (SFr240 million) of $700 million handed back by the Swiss Banks to Nigeria had been misappropriated. Household income or consumption by percentage share:r ""lowest 10%:"" 2.6% ""highest 10%:"" 35.8% (1996–97) Industries: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins,

knowledge and academic work. Some of these institutions are: Delta State has some historical, cultural and socio-political tourist centers that attract visitors from around the globe. Some of these sites of tourism include: Delta State is known to have produced several sportsmen and women, notably Stephen Okechukwu Keshi, Sunday Oliseh, Austin Jay-Jay Okocha, Wilson Oruma, Efetobore Sodje Blessing Okagbare and Jonathan Akpoborie, Cindy Ofili. Delta State Delta or Delta State is an oil and agricultural producing state of Nigeria, situated in the region known as the South-South geo-political zone with a population of 4,112,445 (males: 2,069,309; females: 2,043,136). The capital

Rivers State Rivers State, also known simply as Rivers, is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. According to census data released in 2006, the state has a population of 5,198,716, making it the sixth-most populous state in the country. Its capital and largest city, Port Harcourt, is economically significant as the centre of Nigeria's oil industry. Rivers State is bounded on the South by the Atlantic Ocean, to the North by Imo, Abia and Anambra States, to the East by Akwa Ibom State, and to the West by Bayelsa and Delta states. It is home to many indigenous ethnic

PPP basis did not increase until the 2000's. In 2012, the GDP was composed of the following sectors: agriculture: 40%; services: 30%; manufacturing: 15%; oil: 14%. By 2015, the GDP was composed of the following sectors: agriculture: 18%; services: 55%; manufacturing: 16%; oil: 8% In 2005 Nigeria's inflation rate was an estimated 15.6%. Nigeria's goal under the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS) program is to reduce inflation to the single digits. By 2015, Nigeria's inflation stood at 9%. In 2005, the federal government had expenditures of US$13.54 billion but revenues of only US$12.86 billion, resulting in a budget deficit

"Kano State"
in the 19th century the Emirs Ibrahim Dabo and Sulaimanu encouraged traders to move from Katsina, capitalising on raids from the Hausa Sultanate of Maradi. The Jihad leaders of the Caliphate encouraged Kola nut trade and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million. Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province. Kano State is the second largest industrial center after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in Northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries. Others include agricultural implements,

of the official rate throughout a year, and does not reflect the parallel market rate at which the general population accesses foreign exchange. This rate ranged from a high of 520 in March 2017 to a low of 350 in August 2017, due to a scarcity of forex (oil earnings had dropped by half), and to speculative activity as alleged by the Central Bank. All the while the official rate was pegged at 360. Per capita income (as % of USA) is calculated using data from estimates in the PPP link above, and from census estimates, based on growth rates

"Clone Wars (Star Wars)"
Clone Wars (Star Wars) The Clone Wars, occasionally referred to in the singular as the Clone War, are conflicts in the ""Star Wars"" franchise by George Lucas. Though mentioned briefly in the first ""Star Wars"" film (1977), the conflicts themselves are not depicted until """" (2002) and """" (2005). The Clone Wars are also the setting for three eponymous projects: (2003–2005), (2008), and (2008–present). They have featured in numerous ""Star Wars"" books and games. Within the ""Star Wars"" narrative, the Clone Wars involve a three-year war fought to prevent thousands of planetary systems from seceding from the Galactic Republic and

depicts the prelude to the opening battle of ""Revenge of the Sith"" and Palpatine's capture by General Grievous. Several years later, Lucas chose to reboot the series as a 3D CGI series developed by Dave Filoni. After several years of production on the new television series, Lucas decided to spin off the first four episodes as . The film, released in 2008, introduces Ahsoka Tano as Anakin's apprentice and depicts the Republic and the Separatists attempting to gain permission to travel through Jabba the Hutt's territory, as well as the Separatist invasion of Christophosis. The (2008–2014) is likewise set against

forming the ""Confederacy of Independent Systems"", often referred to as ""the Separatists"". The Republic uses an army of clone troopers, the namesake of the conflict, led by the Jedi Order against the Separatists' battle droid army. The conflict is manufactured as a scheme for the Republic's Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, secretly an evil Sith Lord, to gain power and ultimately to convert the democratic Galactic Republic into the dictatorial Galactic Empire featured in the original trilogy. Lucas used the Clone Wars narrative to answer questions about the original trilogy, such as how the Empire originated and how Anakin Skywalker became Darth

"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)"
droids. Six months later, Anakin and Obi-Wan are assigned to search for Grievous on the planet Nelvaan, but instead end up liberating a group of Nelvaanians who had been enslaved and mutated by the Techno Union. While rescuing the Nelvaan warriors, Anakin sees a cryptic vision of his eventual transformation into Darth Vader. Meanwhile, Grievous leads an assault on Coruscant and, despite the best efforts of Yoda, Windu, Shaak Ti (DeLisle) and others, kidnaps Palpatine for his Master, Dooku. Anakin and Obi-Wan then set out to rescue the Chancellor over Coruscant, leading directly into the beginning of """". Volume Two

the Sith use a metaphysical power known as the Force, but in different manners: the Jedi draw on the ""light"" side which is fueled by selflessness and compassion, while the Sith draw on the ""dark"" side which is fueled by primal urges such as greed and hate. The main storyline of Volume One features the Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi (James Arnold Taylor) being assigned to lead an assault on the planet Muunilinst, home of the Intergalactic Banking Clan, benefactors of the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to break away from the Galactic Republic. His apprentice, Anakin Skywalker (Mat Lucas), is

"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)"
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series began with released on August 15, 2008, and debuted on Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional ""Star Wars"" galaxy during the three years between the prequel films """" and """", the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series """". Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half-hour time slot. Dave

not focus on Anakin Skywalker's story; with episodes dedicated to clone troopers and other characters. Lucas revealed further information in a fan interview, a new character named Ahsoka Tano, over 100 episodes and a possible appearance by Boba Fett. The first trailer for the series was released on the official ""Star Wars"" website on May 8, 2007. In an interview in the September 24, 2007 issue of ""TV Guide"", Lucas confirmed that 39 episodes of the series have been completed. On April 8, 2007, ""Ain't It Cool News"" reported that musician Eric Rigler had recorded music for the series. Rigler

from the live-action films (although Lee and Jackson did not reprise their roles in the series). Season 1 shows a wide variety of battles and adventures with Grievous and Dooku as the lead antagonists. Many of the episodes are stand-alone, but a common thread throughout the season is that the Republic and the Separatists attempt to convince various planets and races to side with them. In Season 2, the Sith resort to hiring bounty hunters and mercenaries to steal objects and intel or to assassinate targets for them. Meanwhile, the Jedi lead the Republic forces in an assault on the

games listed below: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series began with released on August 15, 2008, and debuted on Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional ""Star Wars"" galaxy during the three years between the prequel films """" and """", the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series """". Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half-hour

2018, the total value of the ""Star Wars"" franchise was estimated at billion, and it is currently the fifth-highest-grossing media franchise. The ""Star Wars"" franchise depicts the adventures of characters ""A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away."" Many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with droids who may assist them in their daily routines, and space travel between planets is common due to hyperspace technology. The rises and falls of different governments are chronicled throughout the saga: the democratic Republic is corrupted and overthrown by the Galactic Empire, which is fought by the Rebel Alliance. The Rebellion

9 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place aboard the battleship in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. After the war, Japan lost all rights and titles to its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific, and its sovereignty was limited to the four main home islands. Japan's Shinto Emperor was forced to relinquish much of his authority and his divine status through the Shinto Directive in order to pave the way for extensive cultural and political reforms. In Allied countries during the war,

the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as V-J Day (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship , in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with representatives of several Allied nations, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijirō Umezu. Following this period, MacArthur went to Tokyo to oversee the post-war development of the country. This period in Japanese history is known

the ""Twin Shocks""—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombings—were profound. On 10 August the ""sacred decision"" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the ""prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler"". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the ""authority"" of the emperor ""shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers"", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War. In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that

augmented by thousands of civilians on the heavily populated island, did not resist on the beaches—their strategy was to maximize the number of soldier and Marine casualties, and naval losses from Kamikaze attacks. After an intense bombardment the Americans landed on 1 April 1945 and declared victory on 21 June. The supporting naval forces were the targets for 4,000 sorties, many by Kamikaze suicide planes. US losses totaled 38 ships of all types sunk and 368 damaged with 4,900 sailors killed. The Americans suffered 75,000 casualties on the ground; 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians. The

reoccupied again. The network of bunkers and pillboxes greatly favored the defender. Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as

Japanese positions in North Borneo. The attention of the Allies then switched back to the central east coast, with the last major amphibious assault of World War II, at Balikpapan on 1 July. Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a ""waste"" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions. At

the scorched earth campaign was responsible for the deaths of ""more than 2.7 million"" Chinese civilians. The collection of skulls and other remains of Japanese soldiers by Allied soldiers was shown by several studies to have been widespread enough to be commented upon by Allied military authorities and US wartime press. Following the surrender of Japan, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East took place in Ichigaya, Tokyo from 29 April 1946 to 12 November 1948 to try those accused of the most serious war crimes. Meanwhile, military tribunals were also held by the returning powers throughout Asia and

"Battle of North Borneo"
end. Following the capture of Papar, the Australians ceased offensive actions on Borneo and the situation remained largely static until a ceasefire came into effect in mid August. In early August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and on 15 August the Japanese Emperor, Hirohito, effectively announced an end to hostilities, with the formal surrender being signed on 2 September 1945. As a result of the ceasefire, the planned Allied invasion of Japan was no longer required and as a result, the strategic gains provided by the capture of North Borneo were arguably negated. To some

alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum

one of the very worst sites, around Sandakan in Borneo, only six of some 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived. By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan was losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalist forces and Communist guerrillas in the countryside. The Imperial Japanese Army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. The Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as

"Seckatary Hawkins"
Seckatary Hawkins Robert F. Schulkers (21 July 1890, Covington, Kentucky, Kentucky — 6 April 1972, Cincinnati) is the author of a series of children's novels. The 11 novels were first published between 1921 and 1932, although many appeared first in serialized form in ""The Cincinnati Enquirer"" and hundreds of other newspapers around the country. The eleven novels are: ""Stoner's Boy"", ""Seckatary Hawkins in Cuba"", ""The Red Runners"", ""The Gray Ghost"", ""Stormie the Dog Stealer"", ""Knights of the Square Table"", ""Ching Toy"", ""The Chinese Coin"", ""The Yellow Y"", ""Herman the Fiddler"", and ""The Ghost of Lake Tapaho"". Schulkers further popularized the

Hawkins during at least one broadcast. Seckatary Hawkins Robert F. Schulkers (21 July 1890, Covington, Kentucky, Kentucky — 6 April 1972, Cincinnati) is the author of a series of children's novels. The 11 novels were first published between 1921 and 1932, although many appeared first in serialized form in ""The Cincinnati Enquirer"" and hundreds of other newspapers around the country. The eleven novels are: ""Stoner's Boy"", ""Seckatary Hawkins in Cuba"", ""The Red Runners"", ""The Gray Ghost"", ""Stormie the Dog Stealer"", ""Knights of the Square Table"", ""Ching Toy"", ""The Chinese Coin"", ""The Yellow Y"", ""Herman the Fiddler"", and ""The Ghost of

Kid: The Musical"" is being produced by the Children's Theatre Company. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first,

"Clementine (series)"
toddler. Due to the perceived unfairness of Clementine's ""fruit name"", she labels him with a vast array of nicknames related to vegetables, so because of this his name has never been given. He apparently suffers from a severe peanut allergy and enjoys playing with his own feet. Clementine (series) Clementine is a series of children's chapter books written by Sara Pennypacker and illustrated by Marla Frazee. Debuting with the eponymous title ""Clementine"" in 2006, the seven books in the series follow the eccentric and lovable, yet unintentionally devious, eight-year-old Clementine through third grade. The books are focused on an eight-year-old,

"Troubletwisters series"
Troubletwisters series Troubletwisters is an ongoing series of young adult fantasy novels by Garth Nix and Sean Williams. The first novel in the series, ""Troubletwisters"" was released on May 1, 2011 through Scholastic Press and Allen & Unwin. Williams and Nix have stated that the series will comprise five novels. The series follows siblings Jaide and Jack as they discover that they are both ""troubletwisters"" and as such, possess strange abilities. Initially unaware of this fact, this revelation becomes apparent after they are sent to Portland to live with a grandmother they've never met after their house is destroyed in

main characters. Booklist gave a mostly positive review for ""The Monster"", writing that ""[w]hile the resolution is a little too easy (and not easily explainable), it will satisfy most readers."" Troubletwisters series Troubletwisters is an ongoing series of young adult fantasy novels by Garth Nix and Sean Williams. The first novel in the series, ""Troubletwisters"" was released on May 1, 2011 through Scholastic Press and Allen & Unwin. Williams and Nix have stated that the series will comprise five novels. The series follows siblings Jaide and Jack as they discover that they are both ""troubletwisters"" and as such, possess strange

3-0 in postseason series against Terry Francona, having also won the 2008 ALCS and the 2013 Wild Card Game against him. Game 7 was the 60th extra inning game in World Series history as well as the first extra inning Game 7 won by the road team. In the previous four times in 1912, 1924, 1991 and 1997, the home team won all four extra inning Game 7s. 2016 World Series (4–3): Chicago Cubs beat Cleveland Indians. Fox televised the series in the United States, under contract with Major League Baseball giving it exclusive rights to the World Series through

the Boston Red Sox, in against the Athletics, in against the New York Yankees, in against the Tigers, in against the Yankees, and in against the Tigers. The Cubs qualified for the postseason by winning the National League Central, ending the regular season with the best record in the major leagues (103–58) for the first time since 1945; they also posted their highest winning percentage since 1935, and won their most games since 1910. The division title was their sixth since division play began in 1969, and their first since 2008. The Cubs entered the postseason as the overall #1

has been awarded to the team with the better record. The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8–7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3-1 deficit to win a best-of-seven World

"2016 National League Championship Series"
his Game 2 magic, giving up five runs and two home runs, being replaced in the sixth inning. Relief pitcher Kenley Jansen shut out the Cubs for three innings in the loss. Javier Báez and Jon Lester won NLCS co-Most Valuable Player honors. 2016 NLCS (4–2): Chicago Cubs beat Los Angeles Dodgers. 2016 National League Championship Series The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As winners of

this game.'"" The Cubs became the first team to come back from a 3–1 deficit to win the Series since the 1985 Kansas City Royals. They were also the first since the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates to do so while winning Games 6 and 7 on the road, and the second team since the 1979 Pirates to win Game 7 as the visiting team, with the 2014 San Francisco Giants also having achieved that feat in Kansas City; almost one year later, the 2017 Houston Astros did the same thing in Los Angeles. With the Game 7 victory, Joe Maddon is

"2016 National League Division Series"
series defeat at home since AT&T Park opened in 2000. 2016 NLDS (3–1): Chicago Cubs beat San Francisco Giants Plans called for retired pitcher Liván Hernández to throw out the ceremonial first pitch, but after Hurricane Matthew′s effects on Florida made it impossible for Hernández to fly to Washington, the host team surprised the fans at Nationals Park by having Nationals starting catcher Wilson Ramos, whose season had ended with a knee injury on September 26, throw it instead. The game provided an historic first: When Dusty Baker and Los Angeles Dodgers manager Dave Roberts exchanged lineup cards before the

city of Chicago estimated that over five million people attended the World Series parade and rally celebration, which would make it one of the largest human gatherings in history. After the season, the Cubs chose to make two traditional White House visits during then-President (and White Sox fan), Barack Obama's final week in office on January 16, 2017, and during President Donald Trump's tenure on June 28, 2017. 2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the

seed, and they defeated the 5th-seeded San Francisco Giants in four games of the NL Division Series before clinching their first NL pennant since 1945 with a sixth-game victory over the 3rd-seeded Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL Championship Series. For Cubs manager Joe Maddon, it was his second appearance in the World Series as manager – in 2008, he managed the Tampa Bay Rays when they beat the Boston Red Sox in seven games to win the AL pennant, then were defeated in five games by the Philadelphia Phillies in the World Series. It was also Maddon's third World

"My Two Dads"
Taylor (Reiser), a successful financial advisor; and struggling artist, Joey Harris (Evigan), former friends who grew to hate one another over their mutual interest in the woman - are awarded joint custody of Nicole. Each week, the mix-ups and trials of two single men raising a teenage daughter provide the stories. Judge Margaret W. Wilbur (Florence Stanley), a family court judge who gave custody of Nicole to Michael and Joey, frequently visits the new family. She bought the building in which Joey lived, so is now the live-in landlord. Michael originally has his own condo uptown, but in Episode 2,

"Amy Hathaway"
Amy Hathaway Amy Hathaway (born 1974) is an American actress. She has appeared in the films ""Mutts"", and """". She had major co-starring roles in ""Last Exit to Earth"", ""Joyride"", and ""Gemini Rising"". She is also known for her role as Shelby Haskell in the popular series ""My Two Dads"". Hathaway was married to Derick Martini from 2001 to 2003. Between 2002 and 2004, she attended the Santa Monica College and then, studied at the University of California and earned a degree in biological sciences. She is the great-granddaughter of a survivor of the Titanic sinking. Hathaway ended up marrying

in iDream Media Inc. Amy Hathaway Amy Hathaway (born 1974) is an American actress. She has appeared in the films ""Mutts"", and """". She had major co-starring roles in ""Last Exit to Earth"", ""Joyride"", and ""Gemini Rising"". She is also known for her role as Shelby Haskell in the popular series ""My Two Dads"". Hathaway was married to Derick Martini from 2001 to 2003. Between 2002 and 2004, she attended the Santa Monica College and then, studied at the University of California and earned a degree in biological sciences. She is the great-granddaughter of a survivor of the Titanic sinking.

My Two Dads My Two Dads is an American sitcom that was produced by Michael Jacobs Productions in association with Tri-Star Television (later Columbia Pictures Television) and distributed by TeleVentures. It starred Paul Reiser, Greg Evigan, and Staci Keanan. The series premiered on NBC on September 20, 1987, airing three seasons through April 30, 1990. The series begins after Marcy Bradford (played by Emma Samms in the second-season episode ""In Her Dreams""), the mother of 12-year-old Nicole Bradford (Keanan), has died. The two men who had competed for Marcy's affections in Key West during the summer of 1974 - Michael

"Two Daughters"
critic loved the character developments in the episode. FBI Special Agents Don Eppes (Rob Morrow), David Sinclair (Alimi Ballard), and Colby Granger (Dylan Bruno), along with Dr. Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz), Don's younger brother and a FBI math consultant, arrive at the scene of an abandoned stolen van at an all-night café and notice that fellow FBI Special Agent Megan Reeves (Diane Farr) is late. Don receives a call from Crystal Hoyle (Kim Dickens) that she wants her husband, Buck Winters (David Gallagher), released in exchange for Megan, who has been kidnapped. The team runs back to the office. Dr.

what, or where he is, or who he is with, she would always be happy with him as one of her two dads. The series regularly featured Giovanni Ribisi and Chad Allen as two boys (Cory Kupkus and Zach Nichols, respectively) who competed for Nicole's affections, just as her two dads had done for her mother's. Florence Stanley appeared as Judge Margaret Wilbur, who was responsible for assigning Nicole's custody, and who regularly looked over the family; she was also their landlady, being the resident owner of the apartment building where the family lived. Amy Hathaway played Nicole's worldly best

features episodes from the first 2 seasons. My Two Dads My Two Dads is an American sitcom that was produced by Michael Jacobs Productions in association with Tri-Star Television (later Columbia Pictures Television) and distributed by TeleVentures. It starred Paul Reiser, Greg Evigan, and Staci Keanan. The series premiered on NBC on September 20, 1987, airing three seasons through April 30, 1990. The series begins after Marcy Bradford (played by Emma Samms in the second-season episode ""In Her Dreams""), the mother of 12-year-old Nicole Bradford (Keanan), has died. The two men who had competed for Marcy's affections in Key West

"Vanessa Lee Evigan"
2016 and has a son named Maverick. Vanessa Lee Evigan Vanessa Lee Evigan (born March 18, 1981) is an American actress. She is the daughter of actor Greg Evigan and model and actress Pamela Serpe. She is also the sister of actress Briana Evigan and singer-songwriter Jason Evigan. Evigan was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she got her start on the small screen at only eight years old when she was an extra on the NBC comedy series ""My Two Dads"", which starred her father, Greg Evigan. Evigan knew then she wanted to be an actress but it

Vanessa Lee Evigan Vanessa Lee Evigan (born March 18, 1981) is an American actress. She is the daughter of actor Greg Evigan and model and actress Pamela Serpe. She is also the sister of actress Briana Evigan and singer-songwriter Jason Evigan. Evigan was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she got her start on the small screen at only eight years old when she was an extra on the NBC comedy series ""My Two Dads"", which starred her father, Greg Evigan. Evigan knew then she wanted to be an actress but it wasn't until she was 11 that her

friend, Shelby Haskell. The cast was rounded out by former football player Dick Butkus, who managed the cafe on the building's first floor. The cafe (Klawicki's) was the second spot in the show around which a plot usually revolved; the first being the family's apartment. In the third season, when Dick Butkus left the series, the diner was then run by cook Julian (Don Yesso), but there was no explanation as to what happened to Ed Klawicki. Ownership of the diner was explained to have been taken over by Judge Wilbur at this point, and it was renamed The Judge's

"Love & Hip Hop: New York"
on December 15, 2014. On November 2, 2015, VH1 announced that ""Love & Hip Hop: New York"" would be returning for a sixth season, which premiered on December 14, 2015. On November 14, 2016, VH1 announced that ""Love & Hip Hop: New York"" would be returning for a seventh season, which premiered on November 21, 2016. On October 2, 2017, VH1 announced ""Love & Hip Hop: New York"" would be returning for an eighth season, which premiered on October 30, 2017. On September 27, 2018, VH1 announced ""Love & Hip Hop: New York"" would be returning for a ninth season,

27, 2018, VH1 announced the show's return for a ninth season, which premiered on November 26, 2018. In 2006, rapper Jim Jones approached VH1 executives to make a reality show about him. Jim Ackerman, senior vice president of development and production at the time, was intrigued by the idea and paired him with producers Stefan Springman and Toby Barraud of Eastern TV. Jones was unwilling to fully commit to the gruelling filming schedule and was dealing with the murder of a friend at the time, leading him to lash out violently at the producers and filming crew. The production issues

in season four, with her purpose on the show mainly served to set up her own spin-off series, as such, she appeared in infrequently and barely interacted with the rest of the cast. Her future co-stars on the show, Paris Phillips and Tracie Renee, appeared as guest stars. On October 15, 2014, VH1 announced the spin-off """", starring cast member K. Michelle, would make its series premiere on November 3, 2014. On December 2, 2015, VH1 announced the spin-off """", starring Stevie J and Joseline Hernandez, would make its series premiere on January 25, 2016, back-to-back with the second season

a supporting capacity, while Kimbella returned as a guest star for four episodes. On July 7, 2015, shortly after her release from prison, Remy Ma announced that she was joining the show for season six, along with her husband Papoose. The cast would undergo a major cast change for the third time in the show's history, with only Yandy, Tara and Amina returning from last season's main cast. They were joined by Remy, social media personality Cardi B and up-and-coming rappers Mariahlynn and Miss Moe Money and Sexy Lexxy of the rap duo BBOD. The season's storylines focused more on

of ""K. Michelle: My Life"". On December 1, 2016, VH1 announced the spin-off ""Leave It To Stevie"", starring Stevie J, would make its series premiere on December 19, 2016, back-to-back with the third season of ""K. Michelle: My Life"". On October 30, 2017, VH1 announced """", the Miami-based spin-off of ""Love & Hip Hop"", would make its series premiere on January 1, 2018. On September 17, 2018, VH1 announced that Remy Ma and Papoose would star in their own spin-off, """", which aired for three weeks from October 1, 2018. The fourth season was preceded by ""40 Greatest Love &

fianceé of Cam'ron, Snoop's girlfriend J. Adrienne, radio personality DJ Drewski and his girlfriend Sky Landish, Cardi's sister Hennessy Carolina and producer Swift Star. Singers Sofi Green and Major Galore, Rich's daughter Ashley Trowers, his girlfriend Jade Wifey and Swift's girlfriend Asia Cole appeared in minor supporting roles. """" star Moniece Slaughter made a special crossover appearance in two episodes. On December 30, 2016, Cardi B announced she was leaving the show to focus on her rap career. Kimbella and Juelz broke up, and subsequently quit the show while season eight had begun filming. Season eight saw the promotion of

the show on her remix of Ciara's ""I'm Out"". Remy Ma ends her diss track ""Shether"" with the line: ""you just got bodied by a ""Love & Hip Hop"" bitch"". Cardi B references her time on the show in her hit single ""Bodak Yellow"": ""I just run and check the mail, another check from Mona Scott"". ""Love & Hip Hop""s commenced airing on March 6, 2011. Initially intended to be an eight-episode series, the first season was expanded to nine episodes in order to include the first season reunion, which aired on May 16, 2011. On May 25, 2011, the

Ma and Papoose, would air on December 18, 2017. On August 8, 2016, VH1 and 345 Games announced the release of ""Love & Hip Hop: The Game"", a mobile game for iOS and Android. It was released worldwide on September 22, 2016. On November 26, 2018, the show's ninth season would be accompanied by an official podcast, ""Love & Hip Hop: The Tea"", hosted by Jesse Janedy, TK Trinidad and Lem Gonsalves. ""Love & Hip Hop"" episodes air regularly on VH1 in the United States. Episodes in the first season run from around 21–24 minutes, episodes in subsequent seasons run

Love & Hip Hop: New York Love & Hip Hop: New York (originally titled Love & Hip Hop) is the original installment of the ""Love & Hip Hop"" reality television franchise on VH1. The series premiered on March 6, 2011, and chronicles the lives of several people in New York City (and nearby areas, including New Jersey, and Yonkers), involved with hip hop music. The show features appearances from notable figures associated with East Coast hip hop. Its success has produced the spin-offs """", ""Chrissy & Mr. Jones"", """", """", """", ""Leave It To Stevie"", """" and """". On September

from May 12, 2015. The special aired to over 2 million viewers and featured appearances from other VH1 reality stars, including cast mates from """", """", ""Black Ink Crew"", ""Mob Wives"", as well as from Bravo's ""The Real Housewives of Atlanta"". On October 18, 2017, nearly two weeks before the season eight premiere, VH1 aired ""Dirty Little Secrets"", a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes from the show's first seven seasons, along with interviews with the show's cast and producers. On November 16, 2017, VH1 announced that ""Remy & Papoose: A Merry Mackie Holiday"", a holiday special starring Remy

Ibuprofen
first marketed in 1969 in the United Kingdom and in the United States in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.01 and US$0.04 per dose. In the United States it costs about US$0.05 per dose. Ibuprofen is used primarily to treat fever (including post-vaccination fever), mild to moderate pain (including pain relief after surgery), painful menstruation, osteoarthritis, dental pain, headaches, and pain from kidney stones. About 60%

Ibuprofen
1961. Adams initially tested the drug as treatment for his hangover. The drug was launched as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom in 1969, and in the United States in 1974. Later, in 1983 and 1984, it became the first NSAID (other than aspirin) to be available over the counter (OTC) in these two countries. Dr. Adams was subsequently awarded an OBE in 1987. Boots was awarded the Queen's Award for Technical Achievement for the development of the drug in 1987. Ibuprofen was made available under prescription in the United Kingdom in 1969, and in the United

Ibuprofen
States in 1974. In the years since, the good tolerability profile, along with extensive experience in the population, as well as in so-called phase-IV trials (postapproval studies), have resulted in the availability of ibuprofen OTC in pharmacies worldwide, as well as in supermarkets and other general retailers. Ibuprofen is its INN, BAN, AAN and USAN approved name. Advil is manufactured by Pfizer and has been on the market since 1984. Ibuprofen is commonly available in the United States up to the FDA's 1984 dose limit OTC, rarely used higher by prescription. In 2009, the first injectable formulation of ibuprofen was

Hydrocodone/ibuprofen
effects of the component drugs. Side effects experienced in more than 10% of the population taking the drug include: headache, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, nausea, and dyspepsia. The two active components of the drug, ibuprofen and hydrocodone, do not affect each other’s absorption characteristics or other pharmacokinetic parameters. After an oral dose, the peak level of hydrocodone in the blood is reached 1.7 hours after administration. The blood levels of ibuprofen peak 1.8 hours after oral administration. The patent for Vicoprofen was filed in December 1984, and U.S. patent number 4,587,252 was granted in May 1986. Although ibuprofen and hydrocodone were

"Ibuprofen brand names"
Ibuprofen brand names The analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen is sold under a wide variety of brand names across the world; the most common being its first registered trademark name of Brufen, along with Advil, Motrin, and Nurofen. Dr Michael Readhead lead the research team to the discovery for the formula we now know as Nurofen, whilst head Research Chemist at Reckitts-Benckiser. Nurofen brand name of a range of pain-relief medication containing ibuprofen made by Reckitt Benckiser. Introduced in 1983, the Nurofen brand was acquired following Reckitt Benckiser's acquisition of Boots Healthcare in 2005. The brand is primarily

"History of aspirin"
the United States or other countries where ""Bayer Aspirin"" still dominated the aspirin market. Other firms began selling acetaminophen drugs, most significantly, McNeil Laboratories with liquid ""Tylenol"" in 1955, and ""Tylenol"" pills in 1958. By 1967, ""Tylenol"" was available without a prescription. Because it did not cause gastric irritation, acetaminophen rapidly displaced much of aspirin's sales. Another analgesic, anti-inflammatory drug was introduced in 1962: ibuprofen (sold as ""Brufen"" in the U.K. and ""Motrin"" in the U.S.). By the 1970s, aspirin had a relatively small portion of the pain reliever market, and in the 1980s sales decreased even more when ibuprofen

Ibuprofen
appear to increase the risk of heart attack; however, at higher doses it may. Ibuprofen can also worsen asthma. While it is unclear if it is safe in early pregnancy, it appears to be harmful in later pregnancy and therefore is not recommended. Like other NSAIDs, it works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by decreasing the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. Ibuprofen might be a weaker anti-inflammatory agent than other NSAIDs. Ibuprofen was discovered in 1961 by Stewart Adams and initially marketed as Brufen. It is available under a number of trade names, including Advil and Motrin. It was

Opioid
by comparison to morphine, the reference opioid. Equianalgesic tables typically list drug half-lives, and sometimes equianalgesic doses of the same drug by means of administration, such as morphine: oral and intravenous. Opioid prescriptions in the US increased from 76 million in 1991 to 207 million in 2013. In the 1990s, opioid prescribing increased significantly. Once used almost exclusively for the treatment of acute pain or pain due to cancer, opioids are now prescribed liberally for people experiencing chronic pain. This has been accompanied by rising rates of accidental addiction and accidental overdoses leading to death. According to the International Narcotics

Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a premature baby. It can be used by mouth or intravenously. It typically begins working within an hour. Common side effects include heartburn and a rash. Compared to other NSAIDs, it may have fewer side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding. It increases the risk of heart failure, kidney failure, and liver failure. At low doses, it does not

Ibuprofen
diagnosis of poisoning in people who are hospitalized, or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. A monograph relating ibuprofen plasma concentration, time since ingestion, and risk of developing renal toxicity in people who have overdosed has been published. Along with several other NSAIDs, chronic ibuprofen use has been found correlated with risk of hypertension and myocardial infarction (heart attack), particularly among those treated chronically using high doses. On 9 July 2015, the US FDA toughened warnings of increased heart attack and stroke risk associated with ibuprofen and related NSAIDs; the NSAID aspirin is not included in this warning. Along with

"Matthew Goode"
and a spin-off of the 1995 drama miniseries ""Pride and Prejudice"" to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the publication of Jane Austen's novel of the same name. In March 2014, Goode joined the cast of the CBS legal drama ""The Good Wife"" during the fifth season replacing Josh Charles, who played Will Gardner, as Finley ""Finn"" Polmar, a state prosecutor. He made his debut in the fifteenth episode titled ""Dramatics, Your Honor"" in which Will was killed off. That same year, he appeared in the historical thriller ""The Imitation Game"" as Hugh Alexander, a British Second World War cryptanalyst and

"Judge Reinhold"
Judge Reinhold Edward Ernest ""Judge"" Reinhold, Jr. (born May 21, 1957) is an American actor who has starred in several Hollywood movies, such as ""Ruthless People"", ""Fast Times at Ridgemont High"", ""Gremlins"", and """", and both trilogies for ""Beverly Hills Cop"" and ""The Santa Clause"". Reinhold was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Regina Celeste (née Fleming) and Edward Ernest Reinhold, Sr., a trial lawyer. He was raised in Fredericksburg, Virginia, until his family moved to Martin County, Florida, prior to his junior year in high school. His father nicknamed him ""Judge"" when he was just two weeks old

"Dave Shalansky"
Dave Shalansky Dave Shalansky (October 28, 1973) is an American actor born and raised in Rhode Island. Shalansky received a BFA in Acting from Boston University. After moving to New York City immediately following graduation, he became successful in television commercials and continued his acting career by working in the New York and regional theatre circuits. In 2003, Shalansky moved to Los Angeles, and began working steadily in television and film. In October 2016, Shalansky was asked by friend John Krasinski to join the cast in a staged reading of the Oscar Award-winning screenplay ""Good Will Hunting"". Shalansky joined Matt

"Good Will Hunting"
janitor could show such facility with matrices applied this way. Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend, and himself,

about his future. The film grossed over $225 million during its theatrical run, from a $10 million budget. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture, and won two: Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon. In 2014, it was ranked at number 53 in ""The Hollywood Reporter""s ""100 Favorite Films"" list. Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan. When Professor Gerald Lambeau posts

"Rhodes Reason"
Rhodes Reason Rhodes Reason (April 19, 1930 – December 26, 2014) was an American actor who appeared in more than two hundred roles in television, film, and stage. Reason was born in Glendale in Los Angeles County, California, the son of Rex G. Reason and the former Jean Robinson. The younger brother of actor Rex Reason, Rhodes Reason made his acting start at the age of eighteen in a production of ""Romeo and Juliet"" directed by Charles Laughton. Among his starring roles were parts in ""King Kong Escapes"" (1967) and the television series ""White Hunter"" (1958), and as Sheriff Will

Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend, and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking

the movie used other problems. Columbia University's physics and math professor Brian Greene at the Tribeca Sloan retrospective explained that for physics, ""Having some deep insight about the universe, though, typically, it's a group project in the modern era,"" while ""doing some mathematical theorem is a singular undertaking very often."" Patrick O'Donnell, professor of physics at University of Toronto, served as mathematical consultant for the film production. The main hallway blackboard is used twice to reveal Will Hunting's talent, first to the audience, second to Professor Lambeau. Matt Damon based it on his artist brother Kyle visiting MIT's Infinite Corridor

had actually read the script. After buying the rights from Castle Rock, Miramax gave the green light to put the film into production. Several well-known filmmakers were originally considered to direct, including Mel Gibson, Michael Mann, and Steven Soderbergh. Originally, Affleck asked Kevin Smith if he was interested in directing. He declined, saying they needed a ""good director"" and that he only directs things he writes and is not much of a visual director, but still served as one of the film's executive producers. Damon and Affleck later chose Gus Van Sant for the job, whose work on previous films

a patdown from security shortly after he was released from the hospital following an adverse reaction to a medication. He spent ten hours in jail, and accepted a deferred adjudication agreement where charges would be dismissed in 90 days. Judge Reinhold Edward Ernest ""Judge"" Reinhold, Jr. (born May 21, 1957) is an American actor who has starred in several Hollywood movies, such as ""Ruthless People"", ""Fast Times at Ridgemont High"", ""Gremlins"", and """", and both trilogies for ""Beverly Hills Cop"" and ""The Santa Clause"". Reinhold was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Regina Celeste (née Fleming) and Edward Ernest

"IZombie (TV series)"
IZombie (TV series) iZombie (stylized as iZOMBiE) is an American television series developed by Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright for The CW. It is a loose adaptation of the comic book series of the same name created by Chris Roberson and Michael Allred, and published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint. The series premiered on March 17, 2015. On May 10, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on February 26, 2018. On May 11, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth and final season, set to premiere in early 2019. Seattle

praise. It earned a score of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 8 reviews. IZombie (TV series) iZombie (stylized as iZOMBiE) is an American television series developed by Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright for The CW. It is a loose adaptation of the comic book series of the same name created by Chris Roberson and Michael Allred, and published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint. The series premiered on March 17, 2015. On May 10, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on February 26, 2018. On May 11, 2018, The CW renewed the

the time. On January 12, 2018, it was announced that the studio had conducted a second investigation. CW president Mark Pedowitz stated ""When the past allegations came up, we were about two thirds of the way on the shooting schedule. The studio did an investigation. They did one investigation. The studio did a second investigation. Again, the investigation related to the set and his behavior on the set. They found no wrongdoing on the set. I supported the decision to continue going forward. Robert finishes up shooting I think by next week."" The network's investigations pertained to potential misconduct on

opening credits for the series are drawn by Michael Allred, the main artist and co-creator of the original comic book. The series' theme tune is ""Stop, I'm Already Dead"" by Deadboy & the Elephantmen. On October 5, 2015, The CW ordered five additional scripts for the second season; however, on November 23, 2015, the network ordered six additional episodes into production, bringing the season order to 19 episodes. Alexandra Krosney originally played the part of Peyton Charles. After the series was ordered, she was replaced by Aly Michalka, and the role was changed from regular cast to recurring. Michalka was

2018, it was announced that Bryce Hodgson had been promoted to series regular for the fifth and final season. In the wake of sexual assault allegations against the then newly promoted Knepper, The CW conducted an internal inquiry to determine Knepper's future on the series. After finding no evidence of misconduct transpiring on the set, it was announced he would be remaining on the series. The series stars Rose McIver and Rahul Kohli released statements following the decision, with Kohli stating he supported and admired the bravery of women coming forward but was unable to give his full thoughts at

IZOMBIE
CW on March 17, 2015. On May 6, 2015, it was officially announced that The CW had renewed the show for a second season. While the series retains the lead character's ability to absorb memories and abilities through eating brains, her backstory is substantially changed. Liv (changed from Gwen) is a medical intern in Seattle, Washington who is turned into a zombie after being scratched by one. The series picks up five months after the incident; Liv now works as a King County morgue assistant, along with Dr. Ravi Chakrabarti played by Rahul Kohli, which provides her with a steady

later promoted to series regular for the series' third season. Nora Dunn was initially attached to play Liv's mother; however, it was changed when it was realized that her character was going to play a smaller role than initially envisioned. She was replaced by Molly Hagan. Rob Thomas has stated that this move was a financial decision. On May 22, 2016, it was announced that Aly Michalka had been promoted to series regular for the third season. On July 21, 2017, it was announced that Robert Knepper had been promoted to series regular for the fourth season. On September 27,

IZOMBIE
known as ""Fins"" and is located in Springfield, Oregon. On April 1, 2012, at the Emerald City Comicon, Allred announced that ""iZOMBIE"" would end as of #28 in August. Various entities, some human, some not, battle various escalating threats in and around Eugene, Oregon. Vampires, parental fights, zombies, romance triangles, cabin fever, delayed apocalyptic battles and technical support are just some of the situations under-prepared, heavily manipulated, not-quite-human twenty-somethings have to deal with. In November 2013, The CW ordered a pilot episode named after the comic from writer/producers Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright, who developed the property as a supernatural

"Ejen Ali"
1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.

"Ejen Ali"
October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (""Meta Advance Tactical Agency""), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace

"2018–19 EFL Cup"
League or Europa League entered. Arsenal, Burnley, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur all received byes to the third round owing to their participation in European competition. The first round draw was held on 15 June 2018 in Vietnam. The second round draw was held on 16 August 2018 in England, drawn by Mick McCarthy and Chris Waddle. A total of 70 clubs played in the first round: 24 from League Two (tier 4), 24 from League One (tier 3), and 22 from the Championship (tier 2). The draw for this round was split on a geographical

"FA Cup semi-finals"
Villa Park and Old Trafford hosting the games. In 2003, it was announced that all future semi-finals would be played at the new Wembley Stadium, once it had opened; this took effect in 2008. The decision was mainly for financial reasons, to allow the FA to recoup some of the costs of rebuilding the stadium. However, the move was to the disappointment of traditionalists and drew criticism from some supporters' groups. Over a decade after the move, Aston Villa (amongst others) have called to regionalise the semifinals once again. Tottenham Hotspur's 2018 semifinal was to some extant a home match,

broadcast live on BT Sport, the BBC Sport website and app, and BBC Radio 5 Live. This round included one team from Level 3 still in the competition, Wigan Athletic, who were the lowest-ranked team in this round. There are no replays in the FA Cup quarter-finals, following a rule change introduced for the previous tournament. If a match was level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time were played. If the score had still been level, the tie would have been decided by a penalty shoot-out. The draw for the semi-finals took place on 18 March 2018, after

Cambridge would normally attend the final, presenting the trophy to the winning captain at the conclusion of the game. In 2018 however, the final was scheduled for the same day as his brother's wedding, for which he was serving as best man. It was announced on 15 May 2018 that the trophy would be presented by Jackie Wilkins, the widow of former Manchester United and Chelsea player Ray Wilkins, who died in April 2018. In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first. Chelsea as a Premier League team entered in the third round of the FA

City's 5–3 victory over Sheffield United in the second 2014 semi-final. Queen's Park could not afford a second trip to London for their semi-final replay and were forced to withdraw Teams shown with an asterisk beside their name are no longer in existence. This table is updated after 2016–17 FA Cup. FA Cup semi-finals The FA Cup semi-finals are played to determine which teams will contest the FA Cup Final. They are the penultimate phase of the FA Cup, the oldest football tournament in the world. The semi-finals have always been contested at neutral venues. Since 2008, all semi-finals have

ties took place on the weekend of 5–8 January 2018. A total of 64 clubs played in the third round; 20 winners of the second round, and 44 teams from Premier League and EFL Championship entering in this round. For the first time in 67 years no non-league team (i.e. from Level 5 or below) made the Third Round Proper, with all 32 such teams that advanced through qualifying being knocked out in the first two rounds, the last 10 in the Second Round Proper. The draw for the Fourth Round Proper took place on 8 January 2018 at 19:10

"1924 Winter Olympics medal table"
had been awarded the bronze medal in ski jumping, along with his three gold medals. A Norwegian historian discovered that there had been a scoring error, and an American, Anders Haugen, had actually finished in third place. As Haug had died in 1934, his daughter presented Haugen, aged 83, with his medal. In the official report, the classification of nations is ranked not by medals, but rather by ""points"", which were awarded for each position from first to sixth; not exclusively for gold, silver and bronze. Due to this, Czechoslovakia were included in the table ahead of Belgium, due to

two fourth-place finishes, one fifth and one sixth. Italy were also present, in twelfth, for their solitary sixth place. The medal table is based on information provided by the IOC and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given

and they are listed alphabetically. Two bronze medals were awarded in the 500 metres speed skating event for the third place tie. 1924 Winter Olympics medal table The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games, and known at the time as ""Semaine Internationale des Sports d'Hiver"" (""International Winter Sports Week""), was a winter multi-sport event held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Norway topped the table, collecting seventeen medals in total, including four gold, three of which were won by Thorleif Haug in the nordic combined and cross-country skiing events. Norway also

Movement"". Meanwhile the official report for the 1924 Summer and Winter Olympics listed 293 athletes from 17 nations. Finland placed second on the table, collecting four gold medals amongst a total of eleven. Clas Thunberg won five of their medals, achieving a medal in each of the speed skating events he took part in; collecting three gold medals, one silver and one bronze. Eight of the competing nations achieved at least one gold medal, with only Belgium and the hosts, France, medalling without winning a gold medal. One medal was reallocated in 1974; during the games, Thorleif Haug of Norway

"1924 Summer Olympics medal table"
1924 Summer Olympics medal table This is the full medal table of the 1924 Summer Olympics which were held in Paris, France. The United States once again dominated the medal table, winning the most gold (45), silver (27), bronze (27) and overall (99) medals. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.

1924 Winter Olympics medal table The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games, and known at the time as ""Semaine Internationale des Sports d'Hiver"" (""International Winter Sports Week""), was a winter multi-sport event held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Norway topped the table, collecting seventeen medals in total, including four gold, three of which were won by Thorleif Haug in the nordic combined and cross-country skiing events. Norway also achieved two podium sweeps, winning all three medals in both the 50 km cross-country skiing and the nordic combined. This remained a

in the Olympic Winter Games was won by Charles Jewtraw of the United States in the 500-meter speed skate. Sonja Henie, at just eleven years old, skates in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finishes last, she becomes popular with fans. Henie went on to take gold at the next three Winter Olympics. The figure skater Gillis Grafström was the first one to successfully defend his Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics. The Canadian ice hockey team (Toronto Granites) finished their qualifying round with three wins, scoring a total of 85 goals against Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden without

"1924 Summer Olympics"
resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. 126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland,

record at the Winter Olympics until 2014. When it was held, the games were not formally recognised as being the Olympics, but acknowledged that they were held under the ""high patronage of the International Olympic Committee"". Partly due to this, varying figures are reported for the number of participants. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) website suggests that 258 athletes from 16 nations participated in 16 events across 9 sports. In contrast, the ""Sports-Reference"" website lists 313 participants from 19 countries. Bill Mallon, a prominent Olympic Games historian, quotes a figure of 291 competitors in his ""Historical Dictionary of the Olympic

"Muhammad Ali"
Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer, activist, and philanthropist. Nicknamed ""The Greatest"", he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest boxers of all time. He was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old. At age 18, he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, then turned professional later

went on to win six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles, two national Golden Gloves titles, an Amateur Athletic Union national title, and the Light Heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Clay's amateur record was 100 wins with five losses. Ali said in his 1975 autobiography that shortly after his return from the Rome Olympics, he threw his gold medal into the Ohio River after he and a friend were refused service at a ""whites-only"" restaurant and fought with a white gang. The story was later disputed, and several of Ali's friends, including Bundini Brown and photographer Howard

"Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav"
Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav January 15, 1926 – August 14, 1984) was an Indian athlete. He is best known as a wrestler who won a bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He was one of the first athletes from India to win a medal in the Olympics After Norman Pritchard who won two silver medals in athletics in 1900, Khashaba was the first individual athlete from India to win a medal at the Olympics. In the years before Khashaba, India would only win gold medals in field hockey, a team sport. He is the only

"Douglas Blubaugh"
Douglas Blubaugh Douglas Morlan Blubaugh (December 31, 1934 – May 16, 2011) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, where he received a gold medal in freestyle welterweight, defeating the five-time world champion, the legendary Iranian Wrestler Emam-Ali Habibi. Blubaugh, born in Ponca City, Oklahoma, was a two-time AAU Champion at Oklahoma State University before he made the 1960 Olympic team. While a student at OSU, Blubaugh was initiated as a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity; in January 2011, he was inducted into the TKE Oklahoma Hall of Fame. For

"Muhammad Bashir"
Muhammad Bashir Mohammad Bashir () (10 March 1935 in Lahore & died 24 June 2001 in Lahore) was a wrestler from Pakistan, who won the bronze medal in freestyle wrestling in the welterweight class (73 kg) at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.Bashir is the only Pakistani wrestler to have won a medal at the Olympic Games. Mohammad Bashir was one of Pakistan's most celebrated wrestlers in their history. He won three gold medals in the Commonwealth Games and also four medals in the Asian Games—a gold at 1966 Bangkok, two silver medals at 1962 Jakarta, one in freestyle and

proposal to eliminate the Selective Service System. In 2015, ""Sports Illustrated"" renamed its Sportsman Legacy Award to the ""Sports Illustrated""'s Muhammad Ali Legacy Award. The annual award was originally created in 2008 and honors former ""sports figures who embody the ideals of sportsmanship, leadership and philanthropy as vehicles for changing the world."" Ali first appeared on the magazine's cover in 1963 and went on to be featured on numerous covers during his storied career. Ali is regarded by boxing commentators and historians as one of the greatest fighters of all time. ""Ring Magazine"", a prominent boxing magazine, named him number

other. Muhammad Ali was often dubbed the world's ""most famous"" person in the media. Several of his fights were watched by an estimated 12 billion viewers between 1974 and 1980, and his lighting of the torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics was watched by an estimated 3.5billion viewers. Ali appeared on the cover of ""Sports Illustrated"" on 37 different occasions, second only to Michael Jordan. He also appeared on the cover of ""Time Magazine"" 5 times, the most of any athlete. In 2015, Harris Poll found that Ali was one of the three most recognizable athletes in the United States,

"John Taylor (athlete)"
will never wane, if indeed it is not destined to form with that of Booker T. Washington."" John Taylor (athlete) John Baxter Taylor Jr. (November 3, 1882, Washington, D.C. – December 2, 1908, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an American track and field athlete, notable as the first African American to win an Olympic gold medal. He was born in Washington D.C. to former slaves. The family settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he attended public schools and graduated from Central High School in 1902. He spent a year at Brown Preparatory School, also in Philadelphia, where he was the fastest high school

"George Poage"
George Poage George Coleman Poage (November 6, 1880–April 11, 1962) was the first African-American athlete to win a medal in the Olympic Games, winning two bronze medals at the 1904 games in St. Louis. Born in Hannibal, Missouri, his family moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1884. After his father, James, died in 1888, George Poage, along with his mother and surviving sibling, moved into the home of Mary and Lucian Easton; Lucian was the son of local lumberman Jason Easton, who employed James in his stables. At La Crosse High School Poage excelled as both a student and an

a Palestinian refugee camp in Southern Lebanon, where Ali declared ""support for the Palestinian struggle to liberate their homeland."" In 1978, following his loss to Spinks and before winning the rematch, Ali visited Bangladesh and received honorary citizenship there. The same year, he participated in The Longest Walk, a protest march in the United States in support of Native American rights, along with singer Stevie Wonder and actor Marlon Brando. In 1980, Ali was recruited by President Jimmy Carter for a diplomatic mission to Africa, in an effort to persuade a number of African governments to join the US-led boycott

"Demographics of Mexico"
but self-identifies as Indigenous. According to this criteria, the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography), state that there are 15.7 million indigenous people in Mexico of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 14.9% of the population in the country.<br> Finally According to the latest intercensal survey carried out by the Mexican government on 2015, Indigenous people make up 21.5% of Mexico's population. In this occasion, people who self-identified as ""Indigenous"" and people who self-identified as

Rights of the Indigenous Peoples recognized 68 indigenous languages as ""national languages"", with the ""same validity"" in all territories and contexts where they are spoken. The indigenous language with the greatest number of speakers is Nahuatl (1,586,884 speakers in 2010 or 1.5% of the nation's population), followed by Yucatec Maya (796,405 speakers in 2010 0.8%) spoken Yucatán Peninsula, Mixtecas languages (494,454), Tzeltal (474,298), Zapotecas languages (460,683), Tzotzil (429,168), Otomí (288,052), Totonaca (250,252) Mazateco (230,124), Chol (222,051) and 1,462,857 speakers of other languages. After half a century of rural-to-urban migration, in Mexico City and other major cities large districts and sections

Germany. The Mexican government projects that the Mexican population will grow to about 123 million by 2042 and then start declining slowly. Assumptions underlying this projection include fertility stabilizing at 1.85 children per woman and continued high net emigration (gently decreasing from 583,000 in 2005 to 393,000 in 2050). The states and the Federal District that make up the Mexican federation are collectively called ""federal entities"". The five most populous federal entities in 2005 were the State of Mexico (14.4 million), the Federal District (8.7 million), Veracruz (7.1 million), Jalisco (6.7 million) and Puebla (5.4 million), which collectively contain 40.7%

Demographics of Mexico With a population of over 123 million in 2017, Mexico ranks as the 11th most populated country in the world. It is the most populous Spanish-speaking country and the third-most populous in the Americas after United States and Brazil. Throughout most of the twentieth century Mexico's population was characterized by rapid growth. Although this tendency has been reversed and average annual population growth over the last five years was less than 1%, the demographic transition is still in progress, and Mexico still has a large cohort of youths. The most populous city in the country is the

capital, Mexico City, with a population of 8.9 million (2016), and its metropolitan area is also the most populated with 20.1 million (2010). Approximately 50% of the population lives in one of the 55 large metropolitan areas in the country. In total, about 78.84% of the population of the country lives in urban areas, meaning that only 21.16% live in rural areas. The Census Inegi in Mexico is the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). The National Population Council (CONAPO), is an institution under the Secretary of the Interior in charge of the analysis and research of population dynamics.

of European ancestry is considered ""white"" and a Mestizo with a high percentage of Indigenous ancestry is considered ""Indian"", a person that identifies with a given ethnic group should be allowed to, even if biologically it doesn't completely belong to that group. Spanish is the ""de facto"" official language in Mexico being spoken by 98.3% of the population. Mexican Spanish is spoken in a variety of dialects, accents and variations in different regions across the country. Some indigenous languages are still being spoken by around 5% of Mexicans according to the latest census, in 2003 the General Law of Linguistic

"Indigenous peoples of Mexico"
and Tzotzil Maya; Hidalgo with 36.21%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla with 35.28%, and Guerrero with 33.92%, mostly Nahua people and the states of San Luis Potosí and Veracruz both home to a population of 19% indigenous people, mostly from the Totonac, Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups. The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central and southern states. According to the CDI, the states with the greatest percentage of indigenous population as of 2015 are: In 2011 a large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans revealed 85 to 90% of maternal mtDNA lineages are of Native American

use both written and spoken Amerindian languages. During the first half of the 20th century the government promoted a policy of ""castellanización"", that is, promoting the use of Spanish as a way to integrate indigenous peoples into Mexican society. Later, this policy changed, and since the 1980s the government has sponsored bilingual and intercultural education in all indigenous communities. This policy has mainly been successful in large communities with a significant number of speakers. While some languages, with less than 1,000 speakers, are still facing extinction. The second most spoken language in Mexico, however, is English. It is used extensively

spoken in Durango and Chihuahua. Other languages spoken in Mexico include French, German, Russian, Arabic, Occitan, Catalan, Basque, Galician, Asturian, Chinese, Hebrew, Korean, Ladino, Plautdietsch, Armenian, Italian, etc. Although some of these may have a greater number of speakers than the national languages, they are not recognized by the government. The Constitution of Mexico grants Mexican nationality based on birth and naturalization. Mexican laws regarding nationality by birth are very open. Mexican nationality by birth is granted to: Mexican nationality by naturalization is granted to: The Mexican population is predominantly Catholic (83.9% of the population aged five and older, according

provide any economic resource to the Church (as is the case in Spain and Argentina), and the Church cannot participate in public education (no public school can be operated by a Catholic order, although they can participate in private education). Moreover, the government nationalized all the Church's properties (some of which were given back in the 1990s), and priests lost the right to vote or to be voted for (although in the 1990s they regained the right to vote). Demographics of Mexico With a population of over 123 million in 2017, Mexico ranks as the 11th most populated country in

Mitochondrion
per cell, making up 1/5 of the cell volume. The mitochondrial content of otherwise similar cells can vary substantially in size and membrane potential, with differences arising from sources including uneven partitioning at cell divisions, leading to extrinsic differences in ATP levels and downstream cellular processes. The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum. Often, they form a complex 3D branching network inside the cell with the cytoskeleton. The association with the cytoskeleton determines mitochondrial shape, which can affect the function as well: different structures of the mitochondrial network may afford the

indicate that mitochondria evolved from a proteobacteria lineage that branched off before the divergence of all sampled alphaproteobacteria. The ribosomes coded for by the mitochondrial DNA are similar to those from bacteria in size and structure. They closely resemble the bacterial 70S ribosome and not the 80S cytoplasmic ribosomes, which are coded for by nuclear DNA. The endosymbiotic relationship of mitochondria with their host cells was popularized by Lynn Margulis. The endosymbiotic hypothesis suggests that mitochondria descended from bacteria that somehow survived endocytosis by another cell, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm. The ability of these bacteria to conduct respiration

the ATP synthase complex, and their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P). This process is called chemiosmosis, and was first described by Peter Mitchell who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work. Later, part of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their clarification of the working mechanism of ATP synthase. Under certain conditions, protons can re-enter the mitochondrial matrix without contributing to ATP synthesis. This process is known as ""proton leak"" or ""mitochondrial uncoupling"" and is due to

Sperm
connecting piece contains one typical centriole and one atypical centriole such as the proximal centriole like. The midpiece has a central filamentous core with many mitochondria spiralled around it, used for ATP production for the journey through the female cervix, uterus and uterine tubes. The tail or ""flagellum""executes the lashing movements that propel the spermatocyte. During fertilization, the sperm provides three essential parts to the oocyte: (1) a signalling or activating factor, which causes the metabolically dormant oocyte to activate; (2) the haploid paternal genome; (3) the centriole, which is responsible for forming the centrosome and microtubule system. The spermatozoa

"Acrosome reaction"
Acrosome reaction During fertilization, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg in order to fertilize it. Fusing to the egg usually causes little problem, whereas penetrating through the egg's hard shell or extracellular matrix can present more of a problem to the sperm. Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. The ""acrosome"" is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. As the sperm approaches the zona

Zygote
(a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete)—combine to form a single 2n diploid cell called the zygote. Once the single sperm enters the oocyte, it completes the division of the second meiosis forming a haploid daughter with only 23 chromosomes, almost all of the cytoplasm, and the sperm in its own pronucleus. The other product of meiosis is the second polar body with only chromosomes but no ability to replicate or survive. In the fertilized daughter, DNA is then replicated in the two separate pronuclei derived from the sperm and ovum, making

Spermatid
Spermatid The spermatid is the haploid male gametid that results from division of secondary spermatocytes. As a result of meiosis, each spermatid contains only half of the genetic material present in the original primary spermatocyte. Spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic material and have superfluous cytoplasmic material around their nuclei. When formed, ""early round spermatids"" must undergo further maturational events to develop into spermatozoa, a process termed spermiogenesis (also termed ""spermeteliosis""). The spermatids begin to grow a living thread, develop a thickened mid-piece where the mitochondria become localised, and form an acrosome. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The

Spermatid
although present in round spermatids, appears to be lost as they develop into elongated spermatids. Spermatid The spermatid is the haploid male gametid that results from division of secondary spermatocytes. As a result of meiosis, each spermatid contains only half of the genetic material present in the original primary spermatocyte. Spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic material and have superfluous cytoplasmic material around their nuclei. When formed, ""early round spermatids"" must undergo further maturational events to develop into spermatozoa, a process termed spermiogenesis (also termed ""spermeteliosis""). The spermatids begin to grow a living thread, develop a thickened mid-piece where the mitochondria

species a protuberance (the acrosomal process) forms at the apex of the sperm head, supported by a core of actin microfilaments. The membrane at the tip of the acrosomal process fuses with the egg's plasma membrane. In some echinoderms, including starfish and sea urchins, a major portion of the exposed acrosomal content contains a protein that temporarily holds the sperm on the egg's surface. In mammals the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin; their role in fertilization is not yet clear. The acrosomal reaction does not begin until the sperm comes into contact with the oocyte's zona pellucida. Upon coming

"Mount Whitney"
Mount Whitney Mount Whitney is the tallest mountain in California, as well as the highest summit in the contiguous United States and the Sierra Nevada—with an elevation of . It is in Central California, on the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park at below sea level. The west slope of the mountain is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail which runs from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The east slope is in the

"Mauna Kea"
Mauna Kea Mauna Kea ( or , ) is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its peak is above sea level, making it the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Most of the mountain is under water, and when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea becomes the tallest mountain in the world measuring over . Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late

Denali
Denali Denali () (also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of and a topographic isolation of , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve. The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as ""Denali"" for centuries.

"Mount Rainier"
Mount Rainier Mount Rainier (pronounced: ), also known as Tahoma or Tacoma, is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a large active stratovolcano located south-southeast of Seattle, in the Mount Rainier National Park. It is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc, with a summit elevation of . Mt. Rainier is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, and it is on the Decade Volcano list. Because of its large amount of

"Pacific Tarn"
Pacific Tarn Pacific Tarn is a small lake located in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United States. It is notable for its 13,420 foot (4,090 m) elevation, making it the highest lake in the United States whose name is recognized by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The lake sits atop the broad eastern ridge of Pacific Peak in the Tenmile Range. Efforts to name the lake were spearheaded by Carl Drews, a Boulder, Colorado resident who organized an expedition to the lake in 2002 to measure the size, depth and water chemistry. The lake remained unnamed until

"Agassiz Peak"
treeline at other times is illegal due to the ""threatened with critical habitat"" status of the San Francisco Peaks groundsel (""Senecio franciscanus""). At a latitude of 35°19'33""N, Agassiz Peak is the southernmost mountain peak in the contiguous United States which rises to a height of more than 12,000 feet above sea level. Agassiz Peak Agassiz Peak is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Arizona at . It is located north of Flagstaff, Arizona in the San Francisco Peaks. It is in the Kachina Peaks Wilderness on the Coconino National Forest. The peak was named for Louis Agassiz, the

summit. A former summit caldera may have been filled and buried by later summit eruption deposits. Mauna Kea is over in volume, so massive that it and its neighbor, Mauna Loa, depress the ocean crust beneath it by . The volcano continues to slip and flatten under its own weight at a rate of less than per year. Much of its mass lies east of its present summit. Mauna Kea stands above sea level, just higher than its neighbor Mauna Loa, and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it

"Mount Washington (New Hampshire)"
Mount Washington (New Hampshire) Mount Washington, called Agiocochook by some Native American tribes, is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States at and the most topographically prominent mountain east of the Mississippi River. The mountain is notorious for its erratic weather. On the afternoon of April 12, 1934, the Mount Washington Observatory recorded a windspeed of at the summit, the world record for most of the 20th century, and still a record for measured wind speeds not involved with a tropical cyclone. The mountain is located in the Presidential Range of the White Mountains, in the township of Sargent's

"Mount Langley"
Mount Langley Mount Langley is located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada, on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, in eastern California in the southwestern United States. To the east is Owens Valley, and to the west is the Kern River Valley. It is the ninth-highest peak in the state and the seventh-highest in the Sierra. Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, lies to the northwest. Mt. Langley also has the distinction of being the southernmost fourteener (peak above 14,000 feet) in the United States. Today, the mountain is named after Samuel Pierpont Langley.

Denali
above and around the mountain was stripped away by erosion. The forces that lifted Denali also cause many deep earthquakes in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. The Pacific Plate is seismically active beneath Denali, a tectonic region that is known as the ""McKinley cluster"". Denali has a summit elevation of above sea level, making it the highest peak in North America and the northernmost mountain above 6,000 meters elevation in the world. Measured from base to peak at some , it is among the largest mountains situated entirely above sea level (although some Asian mountains i.e. Rakaposhi, Dhaulagiri and Nanga

"KFC in South Africa"
KFC in South Africa KFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa. As of 2016, there are 828 KFC outlets in South Africa, and the company dominates the fast food market. 10 percent of outlets are company owned, and 90 percent are franchise owned. Outlets sell the regional pap dish. South Africa is one of the few countries where KFC does not sell PepsiCo owned soft drinks, due to the company's historically small presence in the country. All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa. KFC first entered the South African market in 1971. The company

KFC
employed 12,000 staff. That year, Australia produced 35 percent of KFC's international earnings. The first KFC opened in New Zealand in 1971 at Royal Oak, a suburb of Auckland. By 1980 there were 37 outlets. In 1989, PepsiCo acquired the 50 percent stake in KFC New Zealand that it did not already own from the local Goodman Fielder conglomerate. In 1991 New Zealand turnover topped 100 million NZD for the first time. KFC's core product offering is pressure fried, on-the-bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders' ""Original Recipe"" of 11 herbs and spices. The product is typically available in

was forced to divest its 60 company owned outlets and trademarks to a South African holding company called Devco in 1987 after the US Congress passed a law forbidding American companies from owning South African assets. The company's 120 franchised outlets were not affected. KFC continued to collect an administrative fee from Devco. The company reacquired its former assets when sanctions were lifted in 1994. By 1994 there were around 300 KFC outlets in the country. KFC in South Africa KFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa. As of 2016, there are 828 KFC outlets in South

"Beer in South Africa"
the vast majority of the South African beer market, and with the notable exception of imported brands such as Heineken, Guinness and others, SAB owns and produces all the major brands in the country, as well as owning Miller's Genuine Draft (American) and long list of others which makes it the world's second largest brewery. Their most popular and valuable brand is Carling Black Label, which is the most awarded beer in the country with 20 prestigious international beer awards to its name. They also produce Castle milk stout, Hansa Pilsner, Castle Lager and Castle Lite. Jo'burg beer, an independent

"Chicken Licken (restaurant)"
Chicken Licken (restaurant) Chicken Licken is a South African fast-food fried chicken restaurant chain. The company had an 80% share of South Africa's fast food market in 2010, tying with McDonald's. According to a case study published by the Henny Penny Corporation in 2011, Chicken Licken is the ""largest non-American-owned fried chicken franchise in the world"". Chicken Licken was founded in South Africa by George Sombonos, the son of a Greek immigrant restaurant owner. Sombonos learned the restaurant trade in the 1970s at the Dairy Den, his father's restaurant in Ridgeway, a suburb in the southern Inner City region of

"South African cuisine"
that specialise in traditional South African dishes or modern interpretations thereof, restaurants featuring other cuisines such as Moroccan, Chinese, West African, Congolese, and Japanese can be found in all of the major cities and many of the larger towns. There are also many home-grown chain restaurants, such as Spur and Dulce Cafe. There is also a proliferation of fast food restaurants in South Africa. While some international players such as Kentucky Fried Chicken and Wimpy are active in the country, they face stiff competition from local chains such as Nando's, Galito's, Steers, Chicken Licken, Barcelos, and King Pie. Many of

and Xhosa, have been brewing forms of sorghum beers long before any Europeans arrived. Umqombothi, from the Nguni languages (Xhosa and Zulu), is a traditional beer made in the Transkei, from maize (corn), maize malt, sorghum malt, yeast and water. South Africa accounts for 34% of Africa's formal beer market and is expected to grow by 8–10% annually over the next five years. Beer consumption in the country was pegged at 60 litres per capita in 2012 which is greater than the 14.6-litre African average as well as the global average of 22 litres. Today, South African Breweries (SAB) controls

In 2013 he won the Marketing Leadership and Innovation Award category of the Loerie Awards. Chicken Licken obtains its chickens from Rainbow Chicken Limited, a JSE-listed company which is South Africa's largest producer of chickens. It has imported chickens from Brazil in the past when Rainbow was unable to meet the demand. It obtains its spices from Robertsons Spices, a Unilever brand of herbs and spices. Chicken Licken uses fryers supplied by Henny Penny Corporation, an American manufacturer of cooking equipment used by major fast food companies such as KFC and McDonald's. Chicken Licken (restaurant) Chicken Licken is a South

KFC
Australia and New Zealand operations. Yum! directly operates 160 KFC outlets in Australia. The largest of the 53 independent franchisees in Australia is Collins Foods, which operates 169 stores. KFC's major poultry suppliers in Australia are Inghams, Steggles and Turi Foods. The first Australian KFC was opened in 1968 in Guildford, a suburb of Sydney. The franchise was owned by a Canadian entrepreneur called Bob Lapointe. Between 1970 and 1971, 75 outlets were opened. This had a major impact on Australian chicken production, which increased by 38 percent during the period. By 1995 there were 452 outlets, and the company

KFC
percent of outlets are run by franchisees, with the remainder company owned. The company employs 24,000 people. Around 400 sites are drive-through outlets. Average outlet turnover is between £1 and £1.5 million. Annual sales amount to 60,000 metric tonnes of chicken, 60 percent of which is purchased from the four largest suppliers in the UK, including Faccenda Group and 2 Sisters Food Group, and delivered fresh to outlets at least three times a week. The remaining 40 percent is sourced from companies in Europe, Thailand (including Charoen Pokphand Foods) and Brazil. All of the Original Recipe chicken is sourced within

"Melbourne Cup"
these legends, however, can definitely be disproved, and history had to wait nearly another 100 years. The first jockey of Indigenous heritage to ride a Melbourne Cup winner was Frank Reys in 1973 on Gala Supreme, who had a Filipino father and a half-Aboriginal mother. The race has undergone several alterations in recent years, the most visible being the entry of many foreign-trained horses. Most have failed to cope with the conditions; the three successful ""foreign raids"" include two by Irish trainer Dermot K. Weld successful in 1993 and 2002, and one in 2006 by Katsumi Yoshida of Japan's renowned

Bart Cummings won his fifth Melbourne Cup in 1975. Bart Cummings, regarded as the best Australian horse trainer of all time, went on to win 12 Melbourne Cups to 2008. In 1883, the hardy New Zealand bred, Martini-Henry won the VRC Derby, the Melbourne Cup and on the following Monday retained his undefeated record by winning Mares' Produce Stakes. Phar Lap, the most famous horse in the world of his day, won the 1930 Melbourne Cup at 11/8 odds on, the shortest priced favourite in the history of the race. He had to be hidden away at Geelong before the

"Bart Cummings"
and to meet the girls who would be her nieces if Bart Cummings is proved to be their grandfather. Bart Cummings James Bartholomew Cummings (14 November 1927 – 30 August 2015), also known by his initials J. B. Cummings, was one of the most successful Australian racehorse trainers. He was known as the Cups King, referring to the Melbourne Cup, as he won 'the race that stops a nation' a record twelve times. During his lifetime Cummings was considered an Australian cultural icon and an Australian National Living Treasure. As a racing icon he was generally considered in the 20th

"Colin Hayes"
Colin Hayes Colin Sidney Hayes (AM) (OBE) (16 February 1924 – 21 May 1999) was an Australian champion trainer of thoroughbred racehorses based in Adelaide, South Australia. During his career he trained 5,333 winners including 524 individual Group or Listed winners. He won 28 Adelaide and 13 Melbourne Trainers' Premierships. The C S Hayes Stakes is named in his honour and run annually at Flemington Racecourse. Hayes was elevated to Legend status in the Australian Racing Hall of Fame in 2018, a feat only achieved by two other horse trainers, TJ Smith and Bart Cummings. Hayes was born in Semaphore,

Yoshida racing and breeding family. The attraction for foreigners to compete was, primarily, the low-profile change to the new ""quality handicap"" weighting system. The 1910 Melbourne Cup was won by Comedy King, the first foreign bred horse to do so. Subsequent foreign bred horses to win Cup were Backwood 1924; Phar Lap 1930; Wotan 1936 Belldale Ball 1980; At Talaq 1986; Kingston Rule 1990; Vintage Crop 1993; Jeune 1994; Media Puzzle 2002; Makybe Diva 2003, 2004, 2005; Americain 2010 and Dunaden 2011. The 1938 Melbourne Cup was won by trainer Mrs. Allan McDonald, who conditioned Catalogue. Mrs McDonald was a

"Lee Freedman"
Lee Freedman David Lee Freedman (born 12 August 1956) is an Australian thoroughbred racehorse trainer. and Hall of Fame inductee. In partnership with brothers Anthony, Michael, and Richard, he has been a prolific winner of Australia's major races in past 20 years, with four Golden Slippers, four Caulfield Cups, two Cox Plates, and five Melbourne Cups, including two of the three won by Makybe Diva. On 19 June 2007 he won the prestigious King's Stand Stakes at the United Kingdom's Royal Ascot racecourse with his champion mare, Miss Andretti. Freedman was born 12 August 1956, in Sydney to Anthony William

"Lloyd Williams (businessman)"
has won Australia's most prestigious race, the Melbourne Cup, on a record six occasions; in 1981, 1985, 2007, 2012, 2016 and 2017. In 2000, he and Kerry Packer bought ""Enzeli"" from Aga Khan for about £200,000 pounds to race in the Cup. Lloyd Williams (businessman) Lloyd J. Williams (born c. 1940) is an Australian property developer and businessperson, with significant interests in thoroughbred horse racing. In 2012 ""Forbes Asia"" assessed his net worth as . He holds the record as a thoroughbred owner to have won the Melbourne Cup on the most occasions, including in 2017 with the horse, Rekindling.

double, the Victoria Race Club Derby and the Melbourne Cup. Shouts and hurrahs were heard, hats were thrown in the air and one excited individual fell on his back in the attempt to do a somersault. The boy who rode the winner was carried around the pack and is the hero of the day,"" reported the ""Australasian Sketcher"" in 1876. Both Peter St. Albans and Briseis have now become racing legends, and Briseis is regarded as one of the greatest mares foaled in Australia. Briseis wasn't the only sensation surrounding the 1876 Melbourne Cup. Two months before the event, on

"Etienne L. de Mestre"
Etienne L. de Mestre Etienne Livingston de Mestre (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends. With the five wins de Mestre achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with ""Archer"" in 1861 and

Philodendron
The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped. Early in the life of the plant, but after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will have acquired the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences,

Leaf
euphylls of larger size and with more complex venation did not become widespread in other groups until the Devonian period, by which time the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere had dropped significantly. This occurred independently in several separate lineages of vascular plants, in progymnosperms like ""Archaeopteris"", in Sphenopsida, ferns and later in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Euphylls are also referred to as macrophylls or megaphylls (large leaves). A structurally complete leaf of an angiosperm consists of a petiole (leaf stalk), a lamina (leaf blade), and stipules (small structures located to either side of the base of the petiole). Not

Palmette
Palmette The palmette is a motif in decorative art which, in its most characteristic expression, resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree. It has a far-reaching history, originating in ancient Egypt with a subsequent development through the art of most of Eurasia, often in forms that bear relatively little resemblance to the original. In ancient Greek and ancient Roman uses it is also known as the anthemion (from the Greek ανθέμιον, a flower). It is found in most artistic media, but especially as an architectural ornament, whether carved or painted, and painted on ceramics. It is very often a

"Microphylls and megaphylls"
stems (such as those found in the Zosterophylls). Outgrowths of the protostele (the central vasculature) later emerged towards the enations (as in ""Asteroxylon""), and eventually continued to grow fully into the leaf to form the mid-vein (such as in ""Baragwanathia""). The fossil record appears to display these traits in this order, but this may be a coincidence, as the record is incomplete. The telome theory proposes instead that both microphylls and megaphylls originated by the reduction; microphylls by reduction of a single ""telome"" branch, and megaphylls by evolution from branched portions of a telome. The simplistic evolutionary models, however, do

Pear-shaped
Pear-shaped Pear-shaped is a metaphorical term with several meanings, all in reference to the shape of a (European) pear, i.e. tapering towards the top. The comparison is more or less literal when the term is applied to people, where it means narrow at the shoulders and wide at the hips, a use that goes back to at least 1815, and one that can have either positive connotations (as in Venus figurines) or negative, depending upon the context. In the 20th century, another, more abstract use of the term evolved. When said of someone's voice, ""pear-shaped"" means rich and sonorous. The

South Atlantic"". Pear-shaped Pear-shaped is a metaphorical term with several meanings, all in reference to the shape of a (European) pear, i.e. tapering towards the top. The comparison is more or less literal when the term is applied to people, where it means narrow at the shoulders and wide at the hips, a use that goes back to at least 1815, and one that can have either positive connotations (as in Venus figurines) or negative, depending upon the context. In the 20th century, another, more abstract use of the term evolved. When said of someone's voice, ""pear-shaped"" means rich and

Leaf
to be isobilateral. Most leaves have distinct upper surface (') and lower surface (') that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax and other features. Leaves can have many different shapes, sizes and textures. The broad, flat leaves with complex venation of flowering plants are known as ""megaphylls"" and the species that bear them, the majority, as broad-leaved or megaphyllous plants. In the clubmosses, with different evolutionary origins, the leaves are simple (with only a single vein) and are known as microphylls. Some leaves, such as

Embryophyte
grow from the base, via an intercalary meristem. It is believed that microphylls evolved from outgrowths on stems, such as spines, which later acquired veins (vascular traces). Although the living lycophytes are all relatively small and inconspicuous plants, more common in the moist tropics than in temperate regions, during the Carboniferous period tree-like lycophytes (such as ""Lepidodendron"") formed huge forests that dominated the landscape. The euphyllophytes, making up more than 99% of living vascular plant species, have large 'true' leaves (megaphylls), which effectively grow from the sides or the apex, via marginal or apical meristems. One theory is that megaphylls

Palmette
some variants the features of a more fully developed face become discernible in the palmette itself, while in certain architectural uses, usually at the head of pilasters or herms, the fan of palm-fronds and the volutes sometimes appear as breasts. Common to all these forms is the pair of volutes at the base of the fan – constituting the defining characteristics of the palmette. It is thought that the palmette originated in ancient Egypt 2,500 years B.C., and has influenced Greek art. Egyptian palmettes (Greek anthemia) were originally based on features of various flowers, including the papyrus and the lotus

Aquilegia
Aquilegia Aquilegia (common names: granny's bonnet, columbine) is a genus of about 60–70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers. The genus name ""Aquilegia"" is derived from the Latin word for eagle (""aquila""), because of the shape of the flower petals, which are said to resemble an eagle's claw. The common name ""columbine"" comes from the Latin for ""dove"", due to the resemblance of the inverted flower to five doves clustered together. The leaves of this plant are compound and the

"Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction"
book is a collection of individual accounts of desperate struggle during and after a devastating global conflict against a zombie plague, narrated by an agent of the United Nations Postwar Commission. It also describes the social, political, religious, and environmental changes that result from the plague. Emily St. John Mandel's ""Station Eleven"" (2014) takes place in the Great Lakes region after a fictional swine flu pandemic, known as the ""Georgia Flu"", has devastated the world, killing most of the population. The novel won the Arthur C. Clarke Award in May 2015. The award committee highlighted the novel's focus on the

"The War of the End of the World"
The War of the End of the World The War of the End of the World () is a 1981 novel written by Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. It is a novelization of the War of Canudos conflict in late 19th-century Brazil. In the midst of the economic decline — following drought and the end of slavery — in the province of Bahia in Northeastern Brazil, the poor of the backlands are attracted by the charismatic figure and simple religious teachings of Antonio Conselheiro, called ""The Counselor"", who preaches that the end of the world is imminent and that the

in 1997 and trying to exterminate humanity by instigating nuclear war between the United States and Russia, which results in the death of three billion people. Many of the survivors eventually band together to destroy Skynet and its army of robots (called ""terminators""). The series follows resistance leader John Connor and his mother, Sarah Connor, and their adventures before and after the nuclear strike (called ""Judgment Day"" in the film series). ""The Tribe"" (1999- 2003) is a television series that deals with a mysterious virus which wipes out the adult population, leaving the children of the world to fend for

reproduced or adapted several times in comic books, film, music, radio programming, television programming, and video games. ""Childhood's End"" is a 1953 science fiction novel by the British author Arthur C. Clarke, in which aliens come to Earth, human children develop fantastic powers and the planet is destroyed. Argentine comic writer Héctor Germán Oesterheld's comic series ""El Eternauta"" (1957 to 1959), an alien race only mentioned by the protagonists as ""Ellos"" (""Them"") invades the Earth starting with a deadly snowfall and then using other alien races to defeat the remaining humans. In Alice Sheldon's Nebula-winning novelette ""The Screwfly Solution"" (1977),

civilization and to preserve knowledge and learning. ""Empty World"" is a 1977 novel by John Christopher about an adolescent boy who survives a plague which has killed most of the world's population. Originally published in 1978, Stephen King's ""The Stand"" follows the odyssey of a small number of survivors of a world-ending influenza pandemic, later revealed to be the man-made superflu ""Captain Trips"". It was eventually adapted for a 1994 miniseries of the same title starring Gary Sinise and Molly Ringwald. The novel was semi-inspired by King's earlier short story ""Night Surf"". Gore Vidal's 1978 novel ""Kalki"" also involves an

sleep after an asteroid the size of Birmingham strikes Africa, causing a worldwide apocalypse. K. A. Applegate's 2001–2003 book series, Remnants, details the end of the world by asteroid collision. The first book, ""The Mayflower Project"" (2001), describes Earth in a sort of hysteria as 80 people are chosen by NASA to board a spacecraft that will go to an unknown destination away from the destroyed Earth. The later books deal with the few survivors waking up from a 500-year hibernation and succumbing to both strange mutations and the will of a strange alien computer/spaceship that they land on. Eventually

is an American comic book character, created by artist Jack Kirby and published by DC Comics. In the eponymous series, Kamandi is a teenage boy on a post-apocalyptic Earth that the textual narrative describes as ""Earth A.D. (After Disaster)"". The Earth has been ravaged by a mysterious calamity called the Great Disaster. The precise nature of the Great Disaster is never revealed in the original series, although it ""had something to do with radiation"" (in the series' letter column, Jack Kirby and his then-assistant Steve Sherman repeatedly asserted that the Great Disaster was not a nuclear war, a fact confirmed

predated by Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville's French epic prose poem Le Dernier Homme (English: ""The Last Man"" (1805)) and this work is also sometimes considered the first modern work to depict the end of the world. Published after his death in 1805, de Grainville's work follows the character of Omegarus, the titular ""last man,"" in what is essentially a retelling of the Book of Revelation, combined with themes of the story of Adam and Eve. Unlike most apocalyptic tales, de Grainville's novel approaches the end of the world not as a cautionary tale, or a tale of survival, but as

apocalyptic event caused by a man-made pandemic. Written in 1984, the novel ""Emergence"" by David R. Palmer is set in a world where a man-made plague destroys the vast majority of the world's population. The novel was nominated for several awards and won the 1985 Compton Crook Award. José Saramago's 1995 novel ""Blindness"" tells the story of a city or country in which a mass epidemic of blindness destroys the social fabric. It was adapted into the film ""Blindness"" in 2008. Published in 2003 by Margaret Atwood, ""Oryx and Crake"" is set after a genetically modified virus wipes out the

end of the twenty-first century. It chronicles a group of friends, based on Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and others, moving through Europe as a plague kills most of the world's population. ""The Scarlet Plague"" by Jack London, published in 1912, is set in San Francisco in the year 2073, sixty years after a plague has largely depopulated the planet. Written in 1949 by George R. Stewart, ""Earth Abides"" is the story of a man who finds most of civilization has been destroyed by a disease. Slowly a small community forms around him as he struggles to start a new

"He Thinks He'll Keep Her"
He Thinks He'll Keep Her ""He Thinks He'll Keep Her"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in December 1993 as the sixth single from the album ""Come On Come On"". The song peaked at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year, and was accompanied by a live performance music video, taken from the 1993 CBS special ""Women of Country"", where Carpenter was accompanied by Emmylou Harris,

special ""Women of Country"" – was directed by Bud Schaetzle, and premiered in early 1994. He Thinks He'll Keep Her ""He Thinks He'll Keep Her"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in December 1993 as the sixth single from the album ""Come On Come On"". The song peaked at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year, and was accompanied by a live performance music video, taken

Kathy Mattea, Patty Loveless, Trisha Yearwood, Suzy Bogguss and Pam Tillis. The song was inspired by a 1970s Geritol TV commercial in which a man points to his wife’s many accomplishments and attributes, and then concludes with ""My wife...I think I'll keep her"". The song itself, however, is about a woman who leaves an unhappy marriage, despite outward signs that it had been happy if not stable. The music video – a live performance of the song with backing vocals by Emmylou Harris, Trisha Yearwood, Patty Loveless, Pam Tillis, Kathy Mattea and Suzy Bogguss, taken from the 1993 CBS television

"Love Ain't for Keeping"
Love Ain't for Keeping ""Love Ain't for Keeping"" is a song written by Pete Townshend and originally released by The Who on their 1971 album ""Who's Next."" Its themes include the joy of physical love, the power of nature and the need to live for the moment. At two minutes and ten seconds, ""Love Ain't for Keeping"" is the shortest song on ""Who's Next"". It is also one of the lightest songs on the album, and one of the few not to use synthesizers. However, an earlier version of the song, recorded in New York City with Kit Lambert producing,

"If You See Him/If You See Her"
and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks,

"Maybe He'll Know"
Maybe He'll Know ""Maybe He'll Know"" is the fifth and final single from American singer Cyndi Lauper's album, ""True Colors"", released only in Europe in 1987. It is a remake of a song that Lauper recorded with her former band, Blue Angel. The two versions are slightly different lyrically in a few lines. Billy Joel joins Lauper in 'doo wop' style back-up vocal duties. The Blue Angel version of the song appears in the 1999 film ""200 Cigarettes"" after a quarter when Kate Hudson's character is in the restaurant's restroom composing herself. A remix of ""Maybe He'll Know""—presumably created with

Townshend included a version of the song on his solo album ""The Lifehouse Chronicles"". Milton Mapes covered the song on the 2004 album ""Who and Who"". Love Ain't for Keeping ""Love Ain't for Keeping"" is a song written by Pete Townshend and originally released by The Who on their 1971 album ""Who's Next."" Its themes include the joy of physical love, the power of nature and the need to live for the moment. At two minutes and ten seconds, ""Love Ain't for Keeping"" is the shortest song on ""Who's Next"". It is also one of the lightest songs on the

"Mary Chapin Carpenter"
""Billboard"" Hot 100 and at No. 11 on Adult Contemporary. The sixth single on ""Come On Come On"", ""He Thinks He'll Keep Her"", was Carpenter's biggest hit off the album, charting at No. 2 on Billboard's Country chart and at No. 1 on Radio & Records's Country chart. Written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz, the fast-paced song follows a 36-year-old homemaker who leaves her husband, and was inspired by a 1970s series of Geritol commercials in which a man boasts of his wife's seemingly limitless energy and her many accomplishments, then concludes by saying, ""My wife ... I think I'll

"Linda Davis"
2013 & 2015, Davis toured with fellow country singer Kenny Rogers and will again accompany him on his ""The Gambler's Last Deal"" tour in 2017. Linda Davis Linda Kaye Davis (born November 26, 1962) is an American country music singer. Before beginning a career as a solo artist, she had three minor country singles in the charts as one half of the duo Skip & Linda. In her solo career, Davis has recorded five studio albums for major record labels and more than 15 singles. Her highest chart entry is ""Does He Love You"", her 1993 duet with Reba McEntire,

"Nobody in His Right Mind Would've Left Her"
Nobody in His Right Mind Would've Left Her ""Nobody in His Right Mind Would've Left Her"" is a song written by Dean Dillon, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1986 as the first single from the album #7. The song was originally recorded by Dillon, whose version peaked at number 25 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1980. The song tells the story of a guy that broke up with a girl. He was the one that told her he had to move on and now he’s the one

"She's Gone, Gone, Gone"
She's Gone, Gone, Gone ""She's Gone Gone Gone"" is a country music song written by Harlan Howard and originally recorded by American singer Lefty Frizzell. Frizzell's version of the song reached number 12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. An uncredited review in ""Billboard"" said that the song has a ""catchy rhythm but sad lyric"" and that Frizzell ""performs in his top fashion"". In 1984, Carl Jackson covered the song. His version, released as his debut single for Columbia Records, peaked at number 44 on the same chart. ""She's Gone, Gone, Gone"" was also a single by

American country music artist Glen Campbell. It was released in September 1989 as the first single from the album ""Walkin' in the Sun"". The song reached number 6 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Campbell's version was his last Top 10 hit on this chart, and his only release for Jimmy Bowen's short-lived Universal label. The album itself was released via Capitol Records. She's Gone, Gone, Gone ""She's Gone Gone Gone"" is a country music song written by Harlan Howard and originally recorded by American singer Lefty Frizzell. Frizzell's version of the song reached number 12 on

"She's Gone (Hall & Oates song)"
She's Gone (Hall & Oates song) ""She's Gone"" is a song written and originally performed by pop music duo Daryl Hall and John Oates. It was included on their 1973 album, ""Abandoned Luncheonette"". The song was released as a single in 1974. It was a major hit in Hall & Oates' home market of Philadelphia and peaked nationally at #60 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Chart. Two years later in 1976, after Hall & Oates had moved to RCA Records and had scored with the hit ""Sara Smile,"" Atlantic Records re-released the original single under a different number (Atlantic 3332).

to record. Wilson ended up having ""La La Peace Song"" released, which was recorded at the same session. Between the Wilson and Rawls recording sessions, Tavares had their version recorded. By November 2, 1974, Rawls's version was at #95, at its third week in the Billboard Soul chart. She's Gone (Hall & Oates song) ""She's Gone"" is a song written and originally performed by pop music duo Daryl Hall and John Oates. It was included on their 1973 album, ""Abandoned Luncheonette"". The song was released as a single in 1974. It was a major hit in Hall & Oates' home

"Gone (Montgomery Gentry song)"
Gone (Montgomery Gentry song) ""Gone"" is a song written by Bob DiPiero and Jeffrey Steele, and recorded by the American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It was released in November 2004 as the third single from the duo's album ""You Do Your Thing"", reaching a peak of #3 on the U.S. country charts, #53 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and #92 on the Pop 100. The single has also been certified as a digital gold single by the Recording Industry Association of America. This song is used in the Rock Band Country Track Pack. ""Gone"" is a moderate up-tempo featuring

"Gone (Kelly Clarkson song)"
Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) ""Gone"" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from her second studio album, ""Breakaway"" (2004). Written by Kara DioGuardi and co-written and produced by John Shanks, ""Gone"" is a pop song about a woman leaving her lover in search for a better relationship. ""Gone"" was well received my music critics, though it garnered comparisons with similarly-titled ""Since U Been Gone"". Two years after ""Breakaway""s release, ""Gone"" charted in the ""Billboard"" Pop 100 chart at number 77. Clarkson has also performed the song in concert tours, primarily during the Breakaway World Tour from 2005–06 and

"Gone (Ferlin Husky song)"
had previously recorded ""Gone"" for an earlier release on Capitol as Terry Preston. Gone (Ferlin Husky song) ""Gone"" is a 1957 single by Ferlin Husky written by Smokey Rogers. The song was Ferlin Husky's second No. 1 on the country chart, where it stayed at the top for ten weeks with a total of 27 weeks on the charts. The vocal backing on the song was provided by the Jordanaires with soprano Millie Kirkham. ""Gone"" also crossed over to the Hot 100 peaking at No. 4. Selling over one million copies, 'Gone"" was awarded a gold disc. Recorded in Nashville

numerous other compilations such as ""The Singles"" (2008), ""The Essential"" (2005), ""Looking Back: The Best Of"" (1991) but the song is missing on the albums ""The Very Best of Daryl Hall & John Oates"" (2001) and """" (2008). Daryl Hall, according to some reports, has called it the best song he and John Oates wrote together. Both performers were undergoing romantic problems at the time the song was written. A 1985 article in ""Rolling Stone"" said the song was about Hall's divorce from wife Bryna Lublin, while VH1's ""Behind the Music"" episode on the duo showed Oates explaining it was

Gone (Ferlin Husky song) ""Gone"" is a 1957 single by Ferlin Husky written by Smokey Rogers. The song was Ferlin Husky's second No. 1 on the country chart, where it stayed at the top for ten weeks with a total of 27 weeks on the charts. The vocal backing on the song was provided by the Jordanaires with soprano Millie Kirkham. ""Gone"" also crossed over to the Hot 100 peaking at No. 4. Selling over one million copies, 'Gone"" was awarded a gold disc. Recorded in Nashville at Bradley's Quonset Hut Studio, the recording is widely regarded as the first

"Gone (Pearl Jam song)"
Gone (Pearl Jam song) ""Gone"" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Written by vocalist Eddie Vedder, ""Gone"" was released through digital music stores on October 7, 2006 as the third single from the band's eighth studio album, ""Pearl Jam"" (2006). The song reached number 40 on the ""Billboard"" Modern Rock Tracks chart. ""Gone"" was written by vocalist Eddie Vedder on September 30, 2005, in Room 1152 (where the band stayed that night), of the Borgata Hotel, located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It debuted the next night in a solo performance by Vedder at the band's

"The Princess Bride (film)"
The Princess Bride (film) The Princess Bride is a 1987 American romantic comedy fantasy adventure film directed and co-produced by Rob Reiner, starring Cary Elwes, Robin Wright, Mandy Patinkin, Chris Sarandon, Wallace Shawn, André the Giant, and Christopher Guest. Adapted by William Goldman from his 1973 novel of the same name, it tells the story of a farmhand named Westley, accompanied by companions befriended along the way, who must rescue his true love Princess Buttercup from the odious Prince Humperdinck. The film effectively preserves the novel's narrative style by presenting the story as a book being read by a grandfather

(Peter Falk) to his sick grandson (Fred Savage). The film was first released in the United States on September 25, 1987, and was well-received by critics at the time, but was only a modest box office success. Over time, particularly with the introduction of the Internet, the film has become a cult classic. The film is number 50 on Bravo's ""100 Funniest Movies"", number 88 on The American Film Institute's (AFI) ""AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions"" list of the 100 greatest film love stories, and 46 in Channel 4's 50 Greatest Comedy Films list. In 2016, the film was inducted into

turned them down. In 2008, PlayRoom Entertainment released ""The Princess Bride: Storming the Castle"", a board game based on the film. ""The Princess Bride Game"" is a casual video game developed and published by New York game development studio Worldwide Biggies. The Princess Bride (film) The Princess Bride is a 1987 American romantic comedy fantasy adventure film directed and co-produced by Rob Reiner, starring Cary Elwes, Robin Wright, Mandy Patinkin, Chris Sarandon, Wallace Shawn, André the Giant, and Christopher Guest. Adapted by William Goldman from his 1973 novel of the same name, it tells the story of a farmhand named

between Miracle Max and his wife, and develop a rapport for their characters. Once on set, Reiner allowed the pair to improvise some of their lines. The original soundtrack album was composed by Mark Knopfler, and released by Warner Bros. Records in the United States and Vertigo Records internationally in November 1987. The album contains the song ""Storybook Love"", performed by Willy DeVille and produced by Mark Knopfler. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 60th Academy Awards. In his audio commentary of the film on the special edition DVD, director Rob Reiner said

"Bridesmaids (2011 film)"
Kristen Wiig wrote the screenplay following Wiig's casting in Apatow's 2007 comedy film ""Knocked Up"", and budgeted at $32.5 million. Upon its opening release in the United States and Canada on May 13, 2011, ""Bridesmaids"" was both critically and commercially successful. The film grossed $26 million in its opening weekend, eventually grossing over $288 million worldwide, and surpassed ""Knocked Up"" to become the top-grossing Apatow production to date, and served as a touchstone for discussion about women in comedy. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. It received multiple other

"The Princess Bride"
was adapted into a 1987 feature film directed by Rob Reiner from a screenplay was written by Goldman himself. Goldman partnered with Adam Guettel to create a musical version of the story with Goldman writing the book and Guettel writing the music, but the two parted ways on the project when Goldman demanded 75% of the author's royalties, though Guettel was writing both the music and the lyrics. Guettel's score was nearly complete, but it is unlikely to be heard beyond an orchestral suite performed at the Hollywood Bowl in 2006. In November 2013, Disney Theatrical announced that it will

"Princess O'Rourke"
Princess O'Rourke Princess O'Rourke is a 1943 American romantic comedy filmdirected and written by Norman Krasna (in Krasna's directorial debut), and starring Olivia de Havilland, Robert Cummings and Charles Coburn. Krasna won the 1944 Academy Award for Writing: Original Screenplay. Although conceived as a vehicle for de Havilland, ""Princess O'Rourke"" turned out to be a troubled project that led to the de Havilland Law, that changed the status of contracts in the U.S. film industry. Filmed in 1942, the release was held up for one year due to legal issues that resulted from the production. During World War II, Princess

"Ice Princess"
Ice Princess Ice Princess is a 2005 American figure-skating film directed by Tim Fywell, written by Hadley Davis from a story by Meg Cabot and Davis, and starring Michelle Trachtenberg, Joan Cusack, Kim Cattrall and Hayden Panettiere. The film focuses on Casey Carlyle, a normal teenager who gives up a promising future academic life in order to pursue her new-found dream of being a professional figure skater. The film was released on March 18, 2005. ""Ice Princess"" had an unsuccessful performance at the box office, grossing $24 million in the United States during its theatrical run against a production budget

"The Princess Diaries (film)"
$22,862,269 in its opening weekend. It grossed $165,335,153 worldwide—$108,248,956 in North America and $57,086,197 in other territories. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of 113 film critics gave the film a positive review, with a rating average of 5.2/10. The site's consensus reads, ""A charming, if familiar, makeover movie for young teenage girls."" Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 52 based on 27 reviews. A sequel, """", was released on August 11, 2004, with Garry Marshall returning to direct and Debra Martin Chase to

"December Bride (film)"
December Bride (film) December Bride is a film produced in Ireland in 1990 and released on 29 November 1991. It stars Saskia Reeves as the title character, with Donal McCann and Ciarán Hinds as the brothers who become her lovers in a conservative rural part of Ulster. It is based on the novel by Sam Hanna Bell. The film won a special jury award at the 1990 European Film Awards. Sarah Gomartin comes with her mother Martha to keep house for a widower and his two grown sons, on their farm in Ireland in 1909. After Hamilton Echlin Sr. dies

"India at the Olympics"
games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the 1932 Games (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi. From 1948 onward, because of the IOA's wider outreach, India began sending delegations of

"Field hockey at the Summer Olympics"
the tournament was invitational but FIH introduced a qualification system since the 1992 games. India is the leading team in overall medal tally with 11 medals (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze). India also lead in most number of gold medals. 45 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games. Australia and the Netherlands are the only teams to have competed at almost every Olympic Games, except for only one edition; 21 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games. Field hockey at the Summer Olympics Field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's

India at the Olympics India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and

"India men's national field hockey team"
India men's national field hockey team The India national field hockey team was the first non-European team to be a part of the International Hockey Federation. In 1928, the team won its first Olympic gold medal and until 1960, the Indian men's team remained unbeaten in the Olympics, winning six gold medals in a row. The team had a 30–0 winning streak during this time, from their first game until losing in the 1960 gold medal final. India also won the 1975 World Cup. India is the most successful team ever in the Olympics, having won eight gold, one silver

Argentina, and Zimbabwe. A leading group of teams from the Northern Hemisphere has come from the Netherlands and from Germany. Spain has appeared in the most Olympic men's competitions without winning the men's gold medal, having won silver three times in 1980, 1996, 2008 and bronze once in 1960. Australia had competed in 11 Olympics without winning gold before breaking their streak in 2004. The first women's Olympic field hockey competition was held at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Olympic field hockey games were first played on artificial turf at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. Until the 1988 Olympics

"India at the 1924 Summer Olympics"
India at the 1924 Summer Olympics India competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France; this was the third Olympics where India participated. Some months ahead of the Olympics, in Feb 1924, the All India Olympic Games (that later became the National Games of India) were held at Delhi. A few sportsmen from these games were selected to represent India at the 1924 Paris Olympics: Dalip Singh, Lakshmanan, Hinge, Hall, Pala Singh, Pitt, Heathcote, and Venkataraman. The Indian team eventually comprised seven athletes and seven-eight tennis players (including two women), with Harry Crowe Buck as manager. The team trained

"Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics"
men's competition occurred that year. The Indian teams player Mirza Masood (a.k.a. Mirza Nasiruddin Masud ) describes the Indian hockey team's games in ""The World's Hockey Champions 1936"" — , Model Press, Delhi (1937). The book includes several photographs. Note: The International Olympic Committee medal database shows also only these players as medalists. They all played at least one match during the tournament. The reserve players are not listed as medalists. For the team rosters see: ""Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads"". The final was originally scheduled also on August 14, just after the bronze

1980. The run included 8 gold medals total and six successive gold medals from 1928–1956. India sent its first athlete to the Summer Olympics for the 1900 Games, but an Indian national team did not compete at the Summer Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920 Games, Sir Dorabji Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure representation at the International Olympic Council, enabling it to participate in the Games (see India at the 1920 Olympic Games). India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and managers Sohrab Bhoot and A. H.

team. In a first-of-its-kind association, the state has decided to support the India's field hockey team for next five years. Players who are part of the 33-member core squad for 2018: Other players who were part of the squad in 2018: India men's national field hockey team The India national field hockey team was the first non-European team to be a part of the International Hockey Federation. In 1928, the team won its first Olympic gold medal and until 1960, the Indian men's team remained unbeaten in the Olympics, winning six gold medals in a row. The team had a

a long time, India dominated the Olympics, winning the men's gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964. Later, Pakistan was also dominant, winning three gold and three silver medals between 1956 and 1984. India lost their dominance after the 1980s and Pakistan after the 1990s. India won their last gold medal in 1980 and Pakistan in 1984 Games. Since 1968, various teams from around the world have seen gold-medal success at the Olympics. Since 1968, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have won various medals in men's and women's field hockey, including Australia, New Zealand,

"Breech birth"
without any medical assistance. Some of these techniques include; a knee to chest position, the breech tilt and moxibustion, these can be performed after the mother is 34 weeks pregnant. Although there is not a lot of evidence to support how well these techniques work, it has worked for some mothers. Breech birth A breech birth is when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first. Around 3-5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) have a breech baby. Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer

variations of breech birth. As in labour with a baby in a normal head-down position, uterine contractions typically occur at regular intervals and gradually the cervix begins to thin and open. In the more common breech presentations, the baby’s bottom (rather than feet or knees) is what is first to descend through the maternal pelvis and emerge from the vagina. At the beginning of labour, the baby is generally in an oblique position, facing either the right or left side. The baby's bottom is the same size in the term baby as the baby's head. Descent is thus as for

Quickening
have already given birth have more relaxed uterine muscles that are consequently more sensitive to fetal motion, and for them fetal motion can sometimes be felt as early as 14 weeks. Usually, quickening occurs naturally at about the middle of a pregnancy. A woman pregnant for the first time (i.e., a primigravida woman) typically feels fetal movements at about 18–20 weeks, whereas a woman who has been pregnant more than once (i.e., a multipara woman) will typically feel movements around 15–17 weeks. The word ""quick"" originally meant ""alive"". Historically, quickening has sometimes been considered to be the beginning of the

"Asynclitic birth"
Asynclitic birth An asynclitic birth or asynclitism refers to the position of a fetus in the uterus such that the head of the baby is presenting first and is tilted to the shoulder, causing the fetal head to no longer be in line with the birth canal (vagina). Asynclitic presentation is significantly different from a shoulder presentation, in which the shoulder is presenting first. Many babies enter the pelvis in an asynclitic presentation, and most asynclitism corrects spontaneously as part of the normal birthing process. Persistence of asynclitism can cause problems with dystocia, and has often been associated with cesarean

an easier delivery compared to other forms. Umbilical cord prolapse may occur, particularly in the complete, footling, or kneeling breech. This is caused by the lowermost parts of the baby's not completely filling the space of the dilated cervix. When the waters break the amniotic sac, it is possible for the umbilical cord to drop down and become compressed. This complication severely diminishes oxygen flow to the baby, so the baby must be delivered immediately (usually by Caesarean section) so that he or she can breathe. If there is a delay in delivery, the brain can be damaged. Among full-term,

"Ladin's sign"
Ladin's sign Ladin's sign is a clinical sign of pregnancy in which there is softening in the midline of the uterus anteriorly at the junction of the uterus and cervix. It occurs and is detectable with manual examination at about 6 weeks' gestation. Ladin's Sign is often present during the woman's first pelvic exam when pregnancy is suspected. Cervical length is also significant in pregnancy and shorter or shortening length can increase chances of preterm labor and delivery as this shortening happens naturally at the beginning of labor. The cervix softens from conception and combined with other signs of early

When a baby is born bottom first there is more risk that the birth will not be straight forward and that the baby could be harmed. For example, when the baby's head passes through the mother’s pelvis the umbilical cord can be compressed which prevents delivery of oxygenated blood to the baby. Due to this and other risks, babies in breech position are usually born by a planned caesarean section in developed countries. Caesarean section reduces the risk of harm or death for the baby but does increase risk of harm to the mother compared with a vaginal delivery. It

at term twice that of women with previous vaginal deliveries. The highest possible probability of breech presentation of 50% indicates that breech presentation is a consequence of random filling of the intrauterine space, with the same probability of breech and cephalic presentation in a longitudinally elongated uterus. Types of breech depend on how the baby’s legs are lying. In addition to the above, breech births in which the sacrum is the fetal denominator can be classified by the position of a fetus. Thus sacro-anterior, sacro-transverse and sacro-posterior positions all exist, but left sacro-anterior is the most common presentation. Sacro-anterior indicates

Breech birth A breech birth is when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first. Around 3-5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) have a breech baby. Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally. Doctors and midwives in the developing world have thus lost many of the skills required to safely assist women giving birth to a breech baby vaginally. Delivering all breech babies by caesarean section in developing countries is difficult to implement as there are not always resources available

both babies are in the breech position and the mother has gone into labour early, a cesarean section may be the best option. About 30-40% of twin pregnancies result in only one baby being in the breech position. If this is the case, the babies can be born vaginally. After the first baby who is not in the breech position is delivered, the baby who is presented in the breech position may turn itself around, if this does not happen another procedure may performed called the breech extraction. The breech extraction is the procedure that involves the obstetrician grabbing the

Vaccination
India has been challenged, as few of the ancient Sanskrit medical texts described the process of inoculation. Accounts of inoculation against smallpox in China can be found as early as the late 10th century and was reportedly widely practised in China in the reign of the Longqing Emperor (r. 1567–72) during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Two reports on the Chinese practice of inoculation were received by the Royal Society in London in 1700; one by Dr. Martin Lister who received a report by an employee of the East India Company stationed in China and another by Clopton Havers. According to

"Polio vaccine"
poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in

"Smallpox vaccine"
Stimulated by a severe epidemic, variolation was first employed in North America in 1721. The practice had been known in Boston since 1706, when Cotton Mather (of Salem witch trial fame) discovered his slave, Onesimus had been inoculated while still in Africa, and many slaves imported to Boston had also received inoculations. The practice was, at first, widely criticized. However, a limited trial showed six deaths occurred out of 244 who were variolated (2.5%), while 844 out of 5980 died of natural disease (14%), and the process was widely adopted throughout the colonies. The inoculation technique was documented as having

"Yellow fever vaccine"
It should not be given to those with very poor immune function. Yellow fever vaccine came into use in 1938. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale price in the developing world is between US$4.30 and US$21.30 per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs between US$50 and US$100. The vaccine is made from weakened yellow fever virus. Some countries require a yellow fever vaccination certificate before entry from a country where the disease is common. People most at risk

"Influenza vaccine"
for those who are pregnant. They come in forms that are injected into a muscle, sprayed into the nose, or injected into the middle layer of the skin. Vaccination against influenza began in the 1930s with large scale availability in the United States beginning in 1945. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale price in the developing world is about $5.25 USD per dose as of 2014. In the United States, it costs less than $25 USD as of 2015. The CDC recommends

the English ambassador at Istanbul between 1716 and 1718, who almost died from smallpox as a young adult and was physically scarred from it. Inoculation was adopted both in England and in America nearly half a century before Jenner's famous smallpox vaccine of 1796 but the death rate of about 2% from this method meant that it was mainly used during dangerous outbreaks of the disease and remained controversial. It was noticed during the 18th century that people who had suffered from the less virulent cowpox were immune to smallpox, and the first recorded use of this idea was by

a farmer Benjamin Jesty at Yetminster in Dorset, who had suffered the disease and transmitted it to his own family in 1774, his sons subsequently not getting the mild version of smallpox when later inoculated in 1789. It was Edward Jenner, a doctor in Berkeley in Gloucestershire, who established the procedure by introducing material from a cowpox vesicle on Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid, into the arm of a boy named James Phipps. Two months later he inoculated the boy with smallpox and the disease did not develop. In 1798 Jenner published ""An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the

"History of poliomyelitis"
prevent polio; the field trials involving the Salk vaccine would grow to be the largest medical experiment in history. Immediately following licensing, vaccination campaigns were launched, by 1957, following mass immunizations promoted by the March of Dimes the annual number of polio cases in the United States was reduced, from a peak of nearly 58,000 cases, to 5,600 cases. Eight years after Salk's success, Albert Sabin developed an ""oral polio vaccine"" (OPV) using live but weakened (""attenuated"") virus. Human trials of Sabin's vaccine began in 1957 and it was licensed in 1962. Following the development of oral polio vaccine, a

"Hepatitis A vaccine"
recommends vaccinating adults who are at high risk and all children. Severe side effects are very rare. Pain at the site of injection occurs in about 15% of children and half of adults. Most hepatitis A vaccines contain inactivated virus while a few contain weakened virus. The ones with weakened virus are not recommended during pregnancy or in those with poor immune function. A few formulations combine hepatitis A with either hepatitis B or typhoid vaccine. The first hepatitis A vaccine was approved in Europe in 1991 and the United States in 1995. It is on the World Health Organization's

"Meningococcal vaccine"
in pregnancy appears to be safe. Severe allergic reactions occur in less than one in a million doses. The first meningococcal vaccine became available in the 1970s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US $3.23 and $10.77 per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs $100–200 for a course. ""Neisseria meningitidis"" has 13 clinically significant serogroups, classified according to the antigenic structure of their polysaccharide capsule. Six serogroups, A, B, C, Y,

"World Economic Forum"
annual meet at Davos. Modi highlighted climate change, terrorism and protectionism as the three major global challenges, and expressed confidence that they can be tackled with collective effort. Headquartered in Cologny, the WEF also has offices in New York, Beijing and Tokyo. On October 10, 2016, the Forum announced the opening of its new Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. According to the Forum, the center will ""serve as a platform for interaction, insight and impact on the scientific and technological changes that are changing the way we live, work and relate to one another"". The World

"World Investment Forum"
businesses that have benefited from the business development services of the Empretec programme (an UNCTAD programme for the promotion of entrepreneurship that operates in 33 developing countries). The next World Investment Forum will take place in the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, from the 13–16 October 2014. The forum aims to be the biggest yet with a greater number of events spread over more days. Registration is now open on the WIF website and updates are available by following UNCTAD Investment on Twitter. World Investment Forum The biennial World Investment Forum (WIF) is organized by the United Nations Conference

undergone significant change. Around 150 Tibetans and Uighurs protested in Geneva and 400 Tibetans in Bern against the visit of the Chinese president for the 2017 meeting, with subsequent confrontations and arrests. In January 2000, a thousand protesters marched through the streets of Davos and smashed the window of the local McDonald's restaurant. The tight security measures around the campus of Davos have kept demonstrators from the Alpine resort, and most demonstrations were held in Zürich, Bern, or Basel. The costs of the security measures, which are shared by the foundation and the Swiss cantonal and national authorities, have been

Min Zhu, Paul Kagame, Queen Rania of Jordan, Dmitry Medvedev, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Kevin Rudd, Barney Frank, Kofi Annan, Werner Faymann, Leonel Fernández, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa Naoto Kan, Jean-Claude Trichet, and Zeng Peiyan. Al Gore, Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, Orrin Hatch, Bono, Paulo Coelho, and Tony Blair also are regular Davos attendees. Past attendees include Donald Trump, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Henry Kissinger, Nelson Mandela, Raymond Barre, Julian Lloyd Webber, Sandro Salsano, Wences Casares, and Yasser Arafat. In 2007, the foundation established the Annual Meeting of the New Champions (also called Summer Davos), held annually in China, alternating between Dalian

problems and their possible solutions). The town is small enough to allow participants to meet anywhere outside the sessions and allows them the greatest opportunities to attend receptions organized by companies and countries. The participants are also taking part in role playing events, such as the Investment Heat Map. Informal winter meetings may have led to as many ideas and solutions as the official sessions. At the 2018 annual meeting, more than 3,000 participants from nearly 110 countries participated in over 400 sessions. Participation included more than 340 public figures, including more than 70 heads of state and government and

and Tianjin, bringing together 1,500 participants from what the foundation calls Global Growth Companies, primarily from rapidly growing emerging countries such as China, India, Russia, Mexico, and Brazil, but also including quickly growing companies from developed countries. The meeting also engages with the next generation of global leaders from fast-growing regions and competitive cities, as well as technology pioneers from around the globe. The Chinese Premier has delivered a plenary address at each annual meeting. Every year regional meetings take place, enabling close contact among corporate business leaders, local government leaders, and NGOs. Meetings are held in Africa, East Asia,

the reduction of carbon emissions in China and other large industrial nations. On 19 January 2017 the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), a global initiative to fight epidemics, was launched at the forum in Davos. The internationally funded initiative aims at securing vaccine supplies for global emergencies and pandemics, and to research new vaccines for tropical diseases, that are now more menacing. The project is funded by private and governmental donors, with an initial investment of US$460m from the governments of Germany, Japan and Norway, plus the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. Also in 2017,

Alps region of Switzerland. The meeting brings together some 2,500 top business leaders, international political leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists for up to four days to discuss the most pressing issues facing the world. The organization also convenes some six to eight regional meetings each year in locations across Africa, East Asia and Latin America, and holds two further annual meetings in China, India and the United Arab Emirates. Beside meetings, the organization provides a platform for leaders from all stakeholder groups from around the world – business, government and civil society – to come together. It also produces a

World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF), based in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, was founded in 1971 as a not-for-profit organization. It gained formal status in January 2015 under the Swiss Host-State Act, confirming the role of the Forum as an International Institution for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum's mission is cited as ""committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas."" The WEF is best known for its annual meeting at the end of January in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern

"2017 G20 Hamburg summit"
2017 G20 Hamburg summit The 2017 G20 Hamburg summit was the twelfth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 7–8 July 2017, at Hamburg Messe, in the city of Hamburg, Germany. Apart from the recurring themes relating to global economic growth, international trade and financial market regulation, the G20 Hamburg summit was expected to focus on the following ""issues of global significance"": Migration, digitisation, occupation, health, Women's Economic Empowerment and development aid. On 7 July terrorism, free trade and the United States' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement were on the agenda, on 8 July Africa was

and the other apes look on. After seeing his cut of ""Dawn"", 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers. During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. ""...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where

to the fifth film in the original series, ""Battle for the Planet of the Apes"", but it is not a direct remake. Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ""War for the Planet of the Apes"" premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the performances (particularly Serkis's), visual effects, story, direction, and musical score. The film received a nomination for Best Special

"War of the Worlds (2005 film)"
war sequence was filmed in Lexington, Virginia and Mystery Mesa in California. The scene where the tripod is shot down and crashes through a factory was filmed in Naugatuck, Connecticut at the since dismantled Naugatuck Chemical. The scene of the bodies floating down the river was filmed on the Farmington River in Windsor, Connecticut by a second unit using a stand in for Dakota Fanning (the back of her character) with the portion showing the faces of the credited actors cut in later. Some filming was shot on the Korean War Veterans Parkway in Staten Island, NY. The film used

"Battle for the Planet of the Apes"
a story credit despite an appeal to the Writer's Guild of America for shared credit on the screenplay. Dehn claimed to have rewritten 90% of the dialogue and he altered the ending. The original script by the Corringtons ended on a playground with ape and human children fighting. Dehn chose to go with a close up of a statue of Caesar with a tear falling from its eye which Joyce Corrington characterized as ""...stupid. It turned our stomachs when we saw it."" The Writer's Guild of America ruled in favor of the Corringtons for sole screenplay credit. Principal photography took

"St. Pauli Girl"
St. Pauli Girl St. Pauli Girl :beers are brewed and bottled by the St. Pauli Brauerei, which is located within the Beck's brewery in Bremen, Germany. The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany. St Pauli Girl, like many German breweries, advertises that they

St Pauli Girl website claims that their beer is the number two selling German beer in the United States. Since 1982, St. Pauli Girl Beer has chosen a model to represent the beer brand nationally each year and appear on the popular St. Pauli Girl poster. St. Pauli Girl St. Pauli Girl :beers are brewed and bottled by the St. Pauli Brauerei, which is located within the Beck's brewery in Bremen, Germany. The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former in Bremen.

brew all of their beers according to the Reinheitsgebot (German purity law) of 1516, even though they use culture yeast as an ingredient, which is not allowed by the 1516 law. The distinctive label depicting a woman wearing traditional outfits was introduced in the 19th century with the advent of the bottled beer. The local artist commissioned for the label drew his inspiration from the waitresses at the time. St Pauli Girl's Beers were first introduced into select US markets in 1965. National Distribution began in 1975. St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic was first sold in the United States in 1991. The

"St. Vitus (drink)"
the same singing voice and drink down the bottle in one draft. If an individual is not able to down the entire drink, or shakes violently afterwards is then usually made fun of by the others. This tradition is mostly seen in the heavy metal scene and it is believed to have its origins in those circles. St. Vitus (drink) St. Vitus is a German bitters, which contains 44% ABV. It is sold in 20 ml bottles. It is Aldi's private label equivalent to the more expensive Underberg. St. Vitus is bought in packages containing four bottles (commonly referred to

Warsteiner
fill and package 5,000 bottles per hour. To appeal to German young adults, Warsteiner began a beer-mix drink campaign that includes a Premium Cola, which contains caffeine, as well as Premium Lemon and Premium Orange drinks. Furthermore, Warsteiner has created a long-neck beer bottle and a ""limited club edition"" clear-glass bottle to target club-goers. All beers are brewed in strict accordance with the Germany Purity Law of 1516. Premium Verum, a pilsener style beer, is Warsteiner's most popular beer, and is exported to over 60 countries. The ingredients are forest spring water, two-row malted summer barley and all German hops.

St. Vitus (drink) St. Vitus is a German bitters, which contains 44% ABV. It is sold in 20 ml bottles. It is Aldi's private label equivalent to the more expensive Underberg. St. Vitus is bought in packages containing four bottles (commonly referred to as a ""battery"") each and retails for €0.99 (US$1.06) in Germany and €2.10 (US$2.70) in Denmark. St. Vitus is produced by St. Vitus Deutsche Edelliköre GMBH, Rottenburg an der Laaber. In Denmark, it is popular to use several bottles in a drinking game. A version is to 'draw a number' – meaning that each participant gets a

Fassbrause
Fassbrause Fassbrause , literally ""keg soda"", is a non-alcoholic or alcoholic (depending on the brand) German drink made from fruit and spices and malt extract, traditionally stored in a keg. ""Fassbrause"" is a speciality of Berlin, where it is sometimes called ""Sportmolle"". (""Molle"" used to be a term for ""beer"" in the Berlin dialect.) ""Fassbrause"" is about the same color as some beers, and usually tastes like apples. The taste is strongly reminiscent of the Austrian drink, ""Almdudler"", except that ""Fassbrause"" is less sweet, and not quite as spicy. A variant of ""Fassbrause"", the so-called ""Rote Fassbrause"" (""red keg soda""),

"Zima (drink)"
it was announced the Zima would have a limited release beginning on July 4th weekend. Zima (drink) Zima Clearmalt is a clear, lightly carbonated alcoholic beverage made and distributed by the Coors Brewing Company. Introduced in 1993, it was marketed as an alternative to beer, an example of what is now often referred to as a cooler, with 4.7–5.4% alcohol by volume. Its production in the United States ceased in October 2008, but the product is still marketed in Japan. On June 2, 2017, MillerCoors announced a limited release of Zima for the US market. Zima means ""winter"" in Slavic

"Beer from bread"
2018, using leftover bread from the store's sandwich suppliers. All the waste bread was then used as animal feed. Beer from bread Although most beer is brewed using cereal grains — most commonly malted barley — as a source of starch sugars, it can also be made from bread. Beers made from bread include Sahti in Finland, Kvass in Russia and Ukraine, and Bouza in Egypt and Sudan. In several countries, 'Toast Ale' is made — in a range of styles — from surplus bread from the catering trade, as part of a campaign to reduce food waste. The recipe

which is available in some of the new states, but not in Berlin itself, appeared in the 1950s. This variant was available in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) prior to German Reunification and tastes like raspberries. Another non-alcoholic variant has been produced in the United States since the 1960s under the name ""Apple Beer"". The chemist Ludwig Scholvien invented Fassbrause in 1908 in Berlin for his son, in order to offer a non-alcoholic beer substitute of similar color and taste. Scholvien's original recipe included a natural concentrate of apple and licorice, intended to approximate the beer taste, along with the

"Emma Pillsbury"
leaving the teaching profession to become an accountant, but is able to convince him to reconsider by showing him a video of him singing. In an attempt to get over Will, Emma begins dating football coach Ken Tanaka (Patrick Gallagher), and becomes engaged to him in the episode ""Vitamin D"". However, when Will is unable to attend a competition with the glee club, Emma volunteers to take them in his place, and postpones her own wedding by several hours. Acknowledging her continuing feelings for Will, Ken breaks up with her on their wedding day. Emma tells Will that she has

is married. Ken ultimately breaks up with her on their wedding day because of her feelings for Will, and when Will leaves his wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), he and Emma share a kiss. Their relationship is short-lived, and in the second season, Emma and her dentist boyfriend Carl Howell (John Stamos) marry in Las Vegas. The wedding is later annulled as it was unconsummated. At the beginning of the third season, she and Will are living together; they become engaged shortly after New Years, and consummate their relationship near the end of the school year. Emma leaves Will at the

"Emma Snyder"
Chicago and became embroiled in their own intrigue. Throughout it all, Emma remained a stabilizing influence and gave her children unconditional support and love. While her children’s love lives were complicated, Emma’s was fairly simple. Having not dated since her husband died decades earlier, Emma finally accepted the attention of Dr. John Dixon. At the same time, the wealthy Cal Stricklyn (Josh’s biological father) attempted to woo her as well. Although she ended up choosing Cal, Emma felt that marrying again, even after all these years, would be betraying her husband. Years later, after some encouragement from Seth, Emma began

"Emma Woodhouse"
to marry (unless she falls very much in love), as she has no financial need to, having a large inheritance and she doesn't wish to leave her father alone. After series of new engagements, visits at Highbury, and lots of miscommunication, Emma finds herself in love with her friend George Knightley. Emma often behaves in a frivolous or selfish way, and shows a lack of consideration for her friends and neighbours. She carelessly manipulates the life of her friend Harriet Smith, neglects her acquaintance Jane Fairfax, and insults the poor and dependent Miss Bates. However, her friends, especially Mrs. Weston

"Emma Frost"
gives her a ride home. After reading his thoughts and learning that he thinks she is beautiful and intelligent, Frost kisses him. Her sister Adrienne records it and her father uses the evidence to get Ian fired. Frost begins to fight back by blackmailing her father. Intrigued by her actions, Winston offers her the family fortune but Frost rejects his offer and decides to make her own way in life. After a period of homelessness, Frost meets and falls in love with a young man named Troy, who agrees to let her live with him. She learns that he owes

sex with Will, she changes her mind at the last moment. Will suggests that she see a counselor for help with her debilitating issues. Emma later discovers that Will kissed another woman and verbally berates him, terminating their relationship. In the season finale, Will kisses Emma and tells her that he loves her. Emma begins a relationship with her dentist, Dr. Carl Howell (John Stamos), which leads to a Vegas wedding. Her reservations about sex lead her to become faculty advisor to the school's celibacy club. Carl arranges a meeting with sex education teacher Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow), and reveals

have children, but are unable to conceive for several months. They are desperately trying to do so in the fifth season's tenth episode ""Trio"", and are caught having sex in the school by Becky Jackson (Lauren Potter). At the end of the episode, Emma reveals to Will that she is pregnant. In ""Opening Night"" Emma gives birth to a boy, Daniel Finn Schuester. During the final season, in the episode Transitioning, she convinces a torn Will to choose what's best for him, to stay at Vocal Adrenaline with a promising salary and facility but unhappy or to stop. In a

a career as a romance novelist and began a relationship with her publisher, Ned Simon. Though that relationship showed promise, it ended when Ned, who was suddenly under stress, died of a cerebral hemorrhage. Immediately after, Emma was shocked to learn that Ned had murdered the man who had hurt his unstable daughter. Throughout the years, Emma has welcomed numerous people to stay with her at the farm. Though Angel Lange had divorced Holden, Emma sympathetically opened her home to her, just as she did for Lily years earlier. She also accepted Caleb’s wild wife, Julie Wendell, and instead of

"Jason Morgan and Elizabeth Webber"
tells her that, while he never did know Jake, he did know that he was loved and cared for, and he will always be grateful to her for that. After Jake's death, Liz begins hallucinating and seeing Jake at work. She finds comfort with Jason, and learns that he and Sam have just gotten engaged. Jason married Sam, and the two were expecting their first child. However, when the baby died shortly after birth, Jason and Sam's marriage fell apart. Jason leaned on Elizabeth for support, and ended up kissing her impulsively. He backed off, and realized he still loved

of Force-X. Emma uses a wheelchair in this reality as well. In a reality where villains have won and divided up America amongst themselves, Emma Frost marries Doctor Doom in order to ensure the survival of her species. Together with Doctor Doom, they rule a sector of what once was the United States of America called Doom's Lair, the only place on Earth where mutants can live without fear of persecution. She sends her lover Black Bolt to save Logan and Hawkeye from a Venom-possessed Savage Land Tyrannosaurus. Emma uses her telepathy to make herself look young. During the ""Secret

"2018 Men's Hockey World Cup"
2018 Men's Hockey World Cup The 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup was the 14th edition of the Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national field hockey teams organized by the FIH. It was held from 28 November to 16 December 2018, at the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar, India. The inauguration ceremony which was held on 27 November 2018, witnessed the biggest ever drone flying show in India. Belgium won the tournament for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 3–2 in the final on a penalty shoot-out after a 0–0 draw. Defending champions Australia won the third

"World Cup of Hockey"
the inaugural event. Eight years later, the second installment of the World Cup of Hockey took place in 2004, just prior to the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Canada won its first tournament championship, defeating the Czech Republic in the semifinals and Finland in the final match. On January 24, 2015, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman announced the 2016 World Cup of Hockey to be held in September 2016 at Air Canada Centre in Toronto. The 2016 edition featured a slightly modified format: alongside the Big Six countries, there were two all-star teams, consisting of Team Europe and an under-23 Team North America.

"Hockey World Cup"
won three titles, and Germany has won two titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once. The 2018 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar, India from 28 November to 16 December. Belgium defeated Netherlands in a penalty shoot-out 3–2 after the match ended in a 0–0 tie to win their first World Cup title. The World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018, and FIH will evaluate the possibility of increasing it to 24 in 2022. The Hockey World Cup was first conceived by Pakistan's Air Marshal Nur Khan. He proposed his idea to the FIH through Patrick Rowley,

place match by defeating England 8–1. In March 2013, one month after the FIH published the event assignment process document for the 2014–2018 cycle, Australia, Belgium, India, Malaysia and New Zealand were shortlisted as candidates for hosting the event and were asked to submit bidding documentation, a requirement that Belgium did not meet. In addition, one month before the host election, Australia withdrew their application due to technical and financial reasons. India was announced as host on 7 November 2013, during a special ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland. Due to the increase to 16 participating teams, the new qualification process was

The 82nd championship was held from 4 to 20 May 2018, in Copenhagen and Herning, Denmark. A. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member in 1993.<br> B. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992. Division I comprises twelve teams. Group A teams compete for promotion to the Elite Division with the loser being relegated to Division I Group B. Group B teams compete for promotion to Division I Group A

World Cup of Hockey The World Cup of Hockey is an international ice hockey tournament. Inaugurated in 1996, it is the successor to the Canada Cup, which ran from 1976 to 1991 and was the first international hockey championship to allow nations to field their top players. The World Cup has occurred thrice before on an irregular basis, with the United States winning in 1996 and Canada winning in 2004 and 2016. Following the 2016 tournament, plans exist for future tournaments to be held on a regular basis every four years. The World Cup of Hockey is organized by the

For example, USA Hockey often sent teams made up of younger NHL players alongside college players, not using top level stars even when they are available. The 2015 World Championship, held in Prague and Ostrava, Czech Republic, was the most successful to date in terms of overall attendance; it was visited by 741,690 people and average attendance was at 11,589. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the sport's governing body, was created on 15 May 1908 under the name Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LHG). In 1908, organized ice hockey was still relatively new; the first organized indoor ice

the first editor of ""World Hockey"" magazine. Their idea was approved on 26 October 1969, and adopted by the FIH Council at a meeting in Brussels on 12 April 1970. The FIH decided that the inaugural World Cup would be held in October 1971, in Pakistan. However, political issues would prevent that first competition from being played in Pakistan. The FIH had inadvertently scheduled the first World Cup to be played in Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Furthermore, Pakistan and India had been at war with each other only six years earlier. When Pakistan invited India to compete in

made from a composite alloy of copper and nickel as well as solid cast urethane plastic. The trophy was criticized by the sports community, noting the ""Toronto Sun""'s headline ""What is that?"" World Cup of Hockey The World Cup of Hockey is an international ice hockey tournament. Inaugurated in 1996, it is the successor to the Canada Cup, which ran from 1976 to 1991 and was the first international hockey championship to allow nations to field their top players. The World Cup has occurred thrice before on an irregular basis, with the United States winning in 1996 and Canada winning

"2017 IIHF World Championship"
2017 IIHF World Championship The 2017 IIHF World Championship, the 2017 edition of the annual Ice Hockey World Championships, was hosted by Paris, France, and Cologne, Germany, from 5 to 21 May 2017. The official tournament mascots were Asterix and Obelix, the main characters from popular French comic book series ""The Adventures of Asterix"". The logo incorporates the silhouette of deceased German national team goaltender Robert Müller, who succumbed to a brain tumor at just 28 years of age. German tennis player Angelique Kerber, 1. FC Köln and German Olympic soccer team goalkeeper Timo Horn and Paris Saint-Germain F.C.'s Brazilian

"Account (bookkeeping)"
Account (bookkeeping) In bookkeeping, an account refers to assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity, as represented by individual ledger pages, to which changes in value are chronologically recorded with debit and credit entries. These entries, referred to as postings, become part of a ""book of final entry"" or ledger. Examples of common financial accounts are sales, accounts receivable, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages and payroll. A chart of accounts provides a listing of all financial accounts used by particular business, organization, or government agency. The system of recording, verifying, and reporting such information is called accounting. Practitioners

"Basis of accounting"
Basis of accounting A basis of accounting is the time various financial transactions are recorded. The cash basis (EU VAT vocabulary ""Cash accounting"") and the accrual basis are the two primary methods of tracking income and expenses in accounting. Both can be used in a range of situations, from the accounts of a whole country or a large corporation to those of a small business or an individual. In many cases, regulatory bodies require individuals, businesses or corporations to use one method or the other. When this is not the case, the choice of which to use is an important

entity the external liabilities of the entity should not be distinguished from any contribution by the shareholders. Account (bookkeeping) In bookkeeping, an account refers to assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity, as represented by individual ledger pages, to which changes in value are chronologically recorded with debit and credit entries. These entries, referred to as postings, become part of a ""book of final entry"" or ledger. Examples of common financial accounts are sales, accounts receivable, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages and payroll. A chart of accounts provides a listing of all financial accounts used by particular business,

capital account as the case may be. The classification of accounts into real, personal and nominal is based on their nature i.e. physical asset, liability, juristic entity or financial transaction. The further classification of accounts is based on the periodicity of their inflows or outflows in the context of the fiscal year: Items in accounts are classified into five broad groups, also known as the ""elements"" of the accounts: The classification of equity as a distinctive element for classification of accounts is disputable on account of the ""entity concept"", since for the objective analysis of the financial results of any

"Bank statement"
to print, at any time, a condensed version of a bank statement, commonly called a transaction history, or a transaction history may be viewed on the financial institution's website or available via telephone banking. Transaction history may also be shared with other financial institutions when the account holder gives permission through open banking to provide services such as account aggregation. Historically, bank statements were paper statements produced monthly, quarterly or even annually. Since the introduction of computers in banks in the 1960s, bank statements have generally been produced monthly. Bank statements for accounts with small transaction volumes, such as investments

"Accounting records"
Accounting records Accounting records are key sources of information and evidence used to prepare, verify and/or audit the financial statements. They also include documentation to prove asset ownership for creation of liabilities and proof of monetary and non monetary transactions. Accounting records can take on many forms and include (among other camps): Accounting records can be in physical or electronic formats. In some states, accounting bodies set rules on dealing with records from a presentation of financial statements or auditing perspective. Rules vary in different countries and different industries have specific record-keeping requirements. Accounting records are important for all types

decision, as both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The accrual method records income items when they are ""earned"" and records deductions when expenses are ""incurred"". For a business invoicing for an item sold, or work done, the corresponding amount will appear in the books even though no payment has yet been received – and debts owed by the business show as they are incurred, even though they may not be paid until much later. In the United States tax environment, the accrual basis has been an option since 1916. An ""accrual basis taxpayer"" looks to the ""all-events test"" and ""earlier-of

and cost accounting. Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management. The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system. Accounting is facilitated by such as standard-setters, accounting

"Accounting identity"
the particular values of the variables. Accounting has a number of identities in common usage, and since many identities can be decomposed into others, no comprehensive listing is possible. Accounting identities also apply between accounting periods, such as changes in cash balances. For example: Any asset recorded in a firm's balance sheet will have a carrying value. By definition, the carrying value must equal the historic cost (or acquisition cost) of the asset, plus (or minus) any subsequent adjustments in the value of the asset, such as depreciation. In economics, there are numerous accounting identities. One of the most commonly

by the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI). Accounting records Accounting records are key sources of information and evidence used to prepare, verify and/or audit the financial statements. They also include documentation to prove asset ownership for creation of liabilities and proof of monetary and non monetary transactions. Accounting records can take on many forms and include (among other camps): Accounting records can be in physical or electronic formats. In some states, accounting bodies set rules on dealing with records from a presentation of financial statements or auditing perspective. Rules vary in different countries and different industries

Hawaii
has been the largest industry, contributing 24.3% of the gross state product (GSP) in 1997, despite efforts to diversify. The state's gross output for 2003 was billion; per capita income for Hawaii residents in 2014 was . Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. By weight, honey bees may be the state's most valuable export. According to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics

"Sugar plantations in Hawaii"
downfall of Hawaiian sugar. Shifting political alliances between 1902 and 1930 permitted Cuba to have a larger share of the United States sugar market, holding 45% of the domestic quota while Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico shared 25%. The Big Five slowed the production of sugar as cheaper labor was found in India, South America and the Caribbean and concentrated their efforts on the imposition of a tourism-based society. Former plantation land was used by the conglomerates to build hotels and develop this tourist-based economy which has dominated the past fifty years of Hawaiian economics. Hawaii’s last working sugar

cents in 1864. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed Hawaii to sell sugar to the United States without paying duties or taxes, greatly increasing plantation profits. This treaty also guaranteed that all of the resources including land, water, human labor power, capital, and technology would be thrown behind sugarcane cultivation. The 1890 McKinley Tariff Act, an effort by the United States government to decrease the competitive pricing of Hawaiian sugar, paid 2 cents per pound to mainland producers. After significant lobbying efforts, this act was repealed in 1894. By 1890, 75% of all privately held land was owned by foreign

"Discovery and settlement of Hawaii"
Asia and Europe for more male labor. As a result, between 1850 and 1900 some 200,000 laborers from China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Portugal, Germany, Norway and elsewhere came to Hawaii under contracts. This greatly diversified the islands. While most left the sugar plantations on schedule, Hawaii was viewed by migrants as a place to earn money rather than settle and raise families (there was only one Chinese woman per seventeen Chinese males). In response to the rising immigration, King Kamehameha V established the Board of Immigration to control the importation of foreign labor. Although critical that Chinese male laborers were

control over other aspects of the Hawaiian economy including banking, warehousing, shipping, and importing. This control of commodity distribution kept Hawaiians burdened under high prices and toiling under a diminished quality of life. These businessmen had perfected the double-edged sword of a wage-earning labor force dependent upon plantation goods and services. Close ties as missionaries to the Hawaiian monarchy along with capital investments, cheap land, cheap labor, and increased global trade, allowed them to prosper. Alexander & Baldwin acquired additional sugar lands and also operated a sailing fleet between Hawai`i and the mainland; the shipping concern became American-Hawaiian Line, and

"History of Hawaii"
Kamehameha III and began growing sugarcane. Within thirty years plantations operated on the four main islands. Sugar completely altered Hawaii's economy. American influence in Hawaiian government began with U.S. plantation owners demanding a say in Kingdom politics. This was driven by missionary religion and sugar economics. Pressure from these plantation owners was felt by the King and chiefs as demands for land tenure. After the brief 1843 takeover by the British, Kamehameha III responded to the demands with the Great Mahele, distributing the lands to all Hawaiians as advocated by missionaries including Gerrit P. Judd. During the 1850s, the U.S.

businessmen. The plantation owners wanted the United States to annex Hawaii so that Hawaiian sugar would never again be subject to tariffs. They also wanted the United States to annex Hawaii so there could be a U.S military base on the island (Pearl Harbor). The industry was tightly controlled by descendants of missionary families and other Caucasian businessmen, concentrated in corporations known in Hawaii as ""The Big Five"". These included Castle & Cooke, Alexander & Baldwin, C. Brewer & Co., H. Hackfeld & Co. (later named American Factors (now Amfac) and Theo H. Davies & Co., which together eventually gained

Pacific. American immigration began almost immediately after European contact, led by Protestant missionaries. Americans set up plantations to grow sugar. Their methods of plantation farming required substantial labor. Waves of permanent immigrants came from Japan, China and the Philippines to work in the fields. The government of Japan organized and gave special protection to its people, who comprised about 25 percent of the Hawaiian population by 1896. The native population succumbed to disease brought by the Europeans (particularly smallpox), declining from 300,000 in the 1770s over 60,000 in the 1850s to 24,000 in 1920. Americans within the kingdom government rewrote

"Economy of American Samoa"
Economy of American Samoa The economy of American Samoa is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the United States, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna being the primary export. Transfers from the U.S. federal government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its

production. Between 1820 and 1845 American commercial involvement in Hawai'i surged and so did the whaling industry. Between the first few ships in 1819 by the 1840s there some 400-500 ships which made semi-annual visits to the islands on their way back to New England Ports for provisions, recreation and labor. For instance a census of 1840 in Nantucket, Massachusetts, which was a center of whaling ships, indicates 793 Native Hawaiians had emigrated there alone. With fewer natives to work on the sugar plantations and the rapid depopulation from emigration on ships and whalers, recruiters started to fan out across

"Call Me by Your Name (film)"
Michael Stuhlbarg, Amira Casar, Esther Garrel, and Victoire Du Bois. The film began development in 2007, when producers Peter Spears and Howard Rosenman optioned the screen rights to Aciman's novel. Ivory served as the screenwriter and co-producer; he was initially set to co-direct the film but stepped down in 2016. Guadagnino joined the project as a location consultant and eventually became director and co-producer. The film was financed by several international companies. Principal photography took place mainly in Crema, Italy in May and June 2016. The filmmakers spent weeks before production decorating the Villa Albergoni, one of the main filming

Best Adapted Screenplay. Ivory also won awards for his screenplay at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, the 70th Writers Guild of America Awards, and the 71st British Academy Film Awards. A sequel to the film was announced in January 2018. It is the summer of 1983. Elio, a 17-year-old Jewish-American youth, lives with his parents in rural northern Italy. Elio's father, a professor of archaeology, invites a 24-year-old Jewish-American graduate student, Oliver, to live with the family over the summer and help with his academic paperwork. Elio, an introspective bibliophile and a talented musician, initially finds little in common with

dedicated the film to his late friend Bill Paxton, who came to visit the set in Crema before his death in February 2017. The film differs from its source material in several ways. The novel serves as a memory-piece from Elio's perspective. The filmmakers set the movie entirely in the present timeline to help the audience understand the characters, believing that this approach would still allow them to remain true to the spirit of the book. The setting was changed from Bordighera to the countryside of Crema, Lombardy, where Guadagnino lives. The town square selected for filming differed from the

and wrapped in June 2016, lasting around 33 days. The film was shot primarily in Crema and the surrounding province of Cremona. An unusual series of rainstorms coincided with the shooting schedule, with heavy rain on 28 of the shooting days. Scenes set in the nearby villages Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed between May 17 and 19, and shooting in Crema began on June 1. Additional outdoor scenes were shot on December 4, 2016. The City of Crema invested €18,000 in the film, including a publicity campaign costing €7,500. The arch of Torrazzo at Crema Cathedral and several historical locations

in the streets of Crema and Pandino were chosen during production. Businesses requested compensation for financial losses caused by the closure, which was scheduled for May 30 and 31. Two days' filming at the cathedral were postponed due to the rainy weather. Filming also took place in the Lodigiano area near Crespiatica and in two small towns near Crema, Montodine and Ripalta. The archaeological discovery scene was filmed at the Grottoes of Catullus in Sirmione on the Brescian shores of Lake Garda. The trip to Bergamo was filmed at the exterior of multiple historical buildings, including Bergamo Cathedral, the Santa

Call Me by Your Name (film) Call Me by Your Name () is a 2017 coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and with a screenplay by James Ivory based on André Aciman's 2007 novel of the same name. The film is the final installment in Guadagnino's thematic ""Desire"" trilogy, after his 2009 film ""I Am Love"" and his 2015 film ""A Bigger Splash"". Set in northern Italy in 1983, ""Call Me by Your Name"" chronicles a romantic relationship between 17-year-old Elio Perlman (Timothée Chalamet) and his professor father's 24-year-old graduate-student assistant Oliver (Armie Hammer). The film also stars

orchard in the mansion's garden. A pergola was built on the patio, and apricot and peach trees were placed in the garden. Guadagnino did not want the film to be a period piece and tried to resist making a film that would reflect ""our idea of the 80s"". His goal was an accurate recreation of the period that was invisible to the viewer."" The crew, including production designer Samuel Dehors and first-time set decorator Violante Visconti di Modrone, decorated the house with furniture and objects inspired by the characters. Much of the furniture, including dishes and glassware from the 1950s,

"Call Me by Your Name (novel)"
Call Me by Your Name (novel) Call Me by Your Name is a 2007 novel by American writer André Aciman that centers on a blossoming romantic relationship between an intellectually precocious and curious 17-year-old American-Italian Jewish boy named Elio Perlman and a visiting 24-year-old American Jewish scholar named Oliver in 1980s Italy. The novel chronicles their summer romance and the 20 years that follow. The narrator, Elio Perlman, recalls the events of the summer of about 1983, when he was seventeen and living with his parents in Italy. Each summer, his parents would take in a doctoral student as a

"Villa Albergoni"
the Academy Award-winning film ""Call Me by Your Name"" (2017). The interior was decorated for the film by Violante Visconti di Modrone, a relative of Luchino Visconti. Villa Albergoni Villa Albergoni is a villa (or country mansion) in Moscazzano, Lombardy, northern Italy that dates back to the 16th-century. Due to previous owners, it is also known as ""Palazzo"" or ""Villa Vimercati"", ""Villa Griffoni"" or ""Villa Sant'Angelo"". It is located at 3, Via Montodine. Villa Albergoni is located on a plateau near the Adda river, in a marshy area that was politically difficult to control on the border between the Republic

(Italy, owned by Guadagnino), M.Y.R.A. Entertainment (United States), RT Features (Brazil), and Water's End Productions (United States). The project was also supported by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism. The backers deemed the production's initial cost estimates ""too expensive"", so the production budget was reduced from $12 million to $3.4 million and the filming schedule was cut from 12 to 5 weeks. Ivory stepped down from a directorial role in 2016, leaving Guadagnino to direct the film alone. According to Ivory, financiers from Memento Films International did not want two directors involved with the project because

"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)"
million domestically. ""A Wrinkle in Time"" premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018. With a total production and advertisement budget of around $150 million, the film was a box office bomb, grossing $132 million worldwide. The film received mixed reviews, with critics taking issue ""with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes"" while some ""celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity"". Thirteen-year-old middle school student Meg Murry struggles to adjust to both her school and home life ever since her father Alex, a renowned scientist,

crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia. Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post. On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film. On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018.

"Canada in a Day"
Hector. Out of all the country-specific ""Life in a Day"" sequels that have been released since 2011, ""Canada in a Day"" received the third-highest number of submissions behind only ""Italy in a Day"" and ""Spain in a Day"". The film premiered on CTV on June 25, 2017, and was repeated on July 1 on CTV and July 2 on CTV Two. The film won two Canadian Screen Awards at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018, for Best Direction in a Documentary Program (Dolman) and Best Editing in a Documentary Program (Hector). Canada in a Day Canada in a Day

A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's

Canada in a Day Canada in a Day is a Canadian television documentary film directed by Trish Dolman, which aired on CTV in 2017. Created to mark the 150th anniversary of Canada in 2017 and inspired by the 2011 film ""Life in a Day"", the film portrayed a snapshot of Canadian life over a period of 24 hours. In 2016, CTV announced that people across Canada were being invited to film the events of their lives on September 10, 2016. A total of 16,818 videos were received, which were then distilled into a two-hour film by Dolman and editor Nick

It was previously set for an April 6, 2018 release. ""A Wrinkle in Time"" was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-Ray, and DVD on June 5, 2018. ""A Wrinkle In Time"" grossed $100.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $32.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $132.7 million. With a combined $250 million spent on production and advertisement, the film needed to gross at least $400 million worldwide to turn a profit. Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would lose the studio anywhere from $86–186 million. In the

to play the character Red. The producers on the film are James Whitaker and Catherine Hand. Principal photography on the film began on November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California. Tobias A. Schliessler was the film's cinematographer, Naomi Shohan its production designer, Paco Delgado its costume designer, and Rich McBride its visual effects supervisor. During production, DuVernay asked McBride to be as flexible as possible on visual effects sequences to allow her to make changes and incorporate new ideas during shooting. The director decided to put ""a certain Stephen King website"" in, and a ""colorful post-credits scene"" in it. Filming

novel, following a 2003 television film. Development began in 2010, with DuVernay signing on to direct in February 2016. Principal photography began on November 2, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. Near the end of filming, production moved to New Zealand, where photography ended on February 25, 2017. With an estimated production budget of around $103 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a woman of color. Additionally, ""A"" ""Wrinkle in Time"" was notable in that Ava DuVernay was the first African-American woman to direct a film that earned at least $100

quotation-reciting Mrs. Who. On September 13, 2016, Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry, a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before. In October 2016, Gugu Mbatha-Raw and Chris Pine were cast as the parents of Meg, Dr. Kate Murry and Dr. Alex Murry, respectively. On November 1, 2016, more cast were announced, including Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium, André Holland as Principal Jenkins, Levi Miller as Calvin, and Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace, along with Bellamy Young, Rowan Blanchard and Will McCormack. Michael Peña later also joined the cast

"Long Time Running"
beginning of the tour. In an interview on the red carpet prior to its TIFF debut, the filmmakers noted that they had little opportunity to prepare, and likened the circumstances to ""running away and...joining the circus."" Following its premiere at TIFF, the film began a brief theatrical run. It was originally scheduled to air on CTV on November 12, 2017, but following Downie's death on October 17 and its announcement the following day, CTV advanced its television premiere to October 20. On September 13, 2017, ahead of its TIFF premiere, Netflix announced that the film would debut internationally on its

"New York Heart Association Functional Classification"
functional capacity is such a powerful determinant of outcome it remains arguably the most important prognostic marker in routine clinical use in heart failure today. Another frequently used functional classification of cardiovascular disease is the Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris. New York Heart Association Functional Classification The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure. It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath

New York Heart Association Functional Classification The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure. It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina. It originated in 1902, when no measurements of cardiac function were possible, to provide a common language for physicians to communicate. Despite difficulties in applying it, such as the challenge of consistently classifying patients in class II or III, because

Angina
be urgently referred to a chest pain evaluation service, for confirmation of the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of coronary heart disease. As of 2010, angina due to ischemic heart disease affects approximately 112 million people (1.6% of the population) being slightly more common in men than women (1.7% to 1.5%). In the United States, 10.2 million are estimated to experience angina with approximately 500,000 new cases occurring each year. Angina is more often the presenting symptom of coronary artery disease in women than in men. The prevalence of angina rises with increasing age, with a mean age of

Angina
(in patients unable to exercise enough for the purposes of the treadmill tests, e.g., due to asthma or arthritis or in whom the ECG is too abnormal at rest) or Stress Echocardiography. In patients in whom such noninvasive testing is diagnostic, a coronary angiogram is typically performed to identify the nature of the coronary lesion, and whether this would be a candidate for angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), treatment only with medication, or other treatments. In hospitalized patients with unstable angina (or the newer term of ""high-risk acute coronary syndromes""), those with resting ischaemic ECG changes or those with

Angina
between the heart's oxygen demand and supply. This imbalance can result from an increase in demand (e.g., during exercise) without a proportional increase in supply (e.g., due to obstruction or atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries). However, the pathophysiology of angina in females varies significantly as compared to males. Non-obstructive coronary disease is more common in females. Angina should be suspected in people presenting tight, dull, or heavy chest discomfort that is: Some people present with atypical symptoms, including breathlessness, nausea, or epigastric discomfort or burning. These atypical symptoms are particularly likely in older people, women, and those with diabetes. Anginal

Angina
to function normally either because of increased oxygen demand by the myocardium or because of decreased supply to the myocardium. This inadequate perfusion of blood and the resulting reduced delivery of oxygen and nutrients are directly correlated to blocked or narrowed blood vessels. Some experience ""autonomic symptoms"" (related to increased activity of the autonomic nervous system) such as nausea, vomiting, and pallor. Major risk factors for angina include cigarette smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of premature heart disease. A variant form of angina—Prinzmetal's angina—occurs in patients with normal coronary arteries or insignificant atherosclerosis.

Angina
inserted at the end of a catheter and inflated to widen the arterial lumen. Stents to maintain the arterial widening are often used at the same time. Coronary bypass surgery involves bypassing constricted arteries with venous grafts. This is much more invasive than angioplasty. The main goals of treatment in angina pectoris are relief of symptoms, slowing progression of the disease, and reduction of future events, especially heart attacks and death. Beta blockers (e.g., carvedilol, propranolol, atenolol) have a large body of evidence in morbidity and mortality benefits (fewer symptoms, less disability and longer life) and short-acting nitroglycerin medications have

Angina
onset of 62.3 years. After five years post-onset, 4.8% of individuals with angina subsequently died from coronary heart disease. Men with angina were found to have an increased risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease related death than women. Similar figures apply in the remainder of the Western world. All forms of coronary heart disease are much less-common in the Third World, as its risk factors are much more common in Western and Westernized countries; it could, therefore, be termed a disease of affluence. The adoption of a rich, Westernized diet and subsequent increase of smoking, obesity,

Angina
precipitate and further decrease the area of the coronary vessel's lumen. This explains why, in many cases, unstable angina develops independently of activity. Cardiac syndrome X, sometimes known as microvascular angina is characterized by angina-like chest pain, in the context of normal epicardial coronary arteries (the largest vessels on the surface of the heart, prior to significant branching) on angiography. The original definition of cardiac syndrome X also mandated that ischemic changes on exercise (despite normal coronary arteries) were displayed, as shown on cardiac stress tests. The primary cause of cardiac syndrome X is unknown, but factors apparently involved are

Angina
and other risk factors has led to an increase in angina and related diseases in countries such as China The condition was named ""hritshoola"" in ancient India and was described by Sushruta (6th century BC). There is disagreement as to how to pronounce angina. It could either be pronounced “an-JAHY-nuh” or “AN-juh-nuh”. Angina Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle. Angina is usually due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. Other causes include anemia, abnormal heart rhythms and heart failure. The main mechanism

"Cool Hand Luke"
Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke, a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system. The film, set in the early 1960s, is based on Donn Pearce's 1965 novel of the same name. Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros., who then hired him to write the script. Due to Pearce's lack of film experience, the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay. Newman's

and even teenagers. The quotation was listed at number 11 on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines. An audio sample of the line is included in the Guns N' Roses songs ""Civil War"" and ""Madagascar."" ""Cool Hand Luke"" opened on November 1, 1967 at Loew's State Theatre in New York City. The proceeds of the premiere went to charities. The film became a box-office success, grossing US$16,217,773 in domestic screenings. Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, while Pearce and Pierson were

prison farm. He wears the trademark shades of Boss Godfrey throughout the episode. Nashville-based Christian alternative rock band Cool Hand Luke is named after the film. Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke, a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system. The film, set in the early 1960s, is based on Donn Pearce's 1965 novel of the same name. Pearce sold the story to Warner

the unit production manager. Newman's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the ""tough, honest"" script drew together threads from earlier movies, especially ""Hombre"", Newman's earlier film of 1967. Director Stuart Rosenberg altered the original ending in the script, adding ""an upbeat ending that would reprise the protagonist's (and Paul Newman's) trademark smile."" Paul Newman's character, Luke, is a decorated war veteran who is sentenced to serve two years in a Florida rural prison. He constantly defies the authorities of the facility, becoming a leader among the prisoners, as well as escaping multiple times. While the script was being developed, the

which begins with ""What we've got here is failure to communicate,"" was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines. Decorated war veteran Lucas ""Luke"" Jackson (Paul Newman), is arrested for cutting parking meters off their poles one drunken night. He is sentenced to two years in prison and sent to a Florida chain gang prison run by a stern warden, the Captain (Strother Martin), and a stoic rifleman, Walking Boss Godfrey (Morgan Woodward), whose eyes are always covered by a pair of mirrored sunglasses. Carr (Clifton James) the floorwalker, tells

the ""touchstone of an era."" Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score. In 2005, the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry, considering it to be ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" It has a 100% rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. The quotation used by the prison warden (Strother Martin) in the film,

"Donn Pearce"
Donn Pearce Donn Pearce (born, September 28, 1928) is an American author and journalist best known for the novel and screenplay ""Cool Hand Luke"". Born Donald Mills Pearce in a suburb of Philadelphia, Pearce left home at 15. He attempted to join the United States Merchant Marine at 16, but was turned away due to his age. He lied about his age, registered for the draft, and was inducted into the United States Army in 1944. Frustrated by rules he considered unnecessary, he went AWOL, then three days later thought better of it and turned himself in to a Navy

biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the ""tough, honest"" script drew together threads from earlier movies, especially ""Hombre"", Newman's earlier film of 1967. The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of emerging popular opposition to the Vietnam War. Newman's character, Lucas Jackson, is described (by the notorious ""Captain,"" upon his arrival at the prison), as a ""free spirit,"" whose personal record (read out loud because of its unusual details) indicates a man who started well in the US Army - receiving medals for bravery in Korea - rose to

of the era. The film was an inductee of the 2005 National Film Registry list. The book was adapted into a West End play by Emma Reeves. It opened at London's Aldwych Theatre starring Marc Warren, but closed after less than two months, following poor reviews. The show was chosen by ""The Times"" both as ""Critic's Choice"" and ""What the Critics Would Pay To See."" An episode of the television show ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" entitled ""Cool Hands Luke and Bo"" was shown with Morgan Woodward playing ""Colonel Cassius Claiborne"" the boss of a neighboring county and warden of its

salary was ""multiplied by ten the minute (he) won,"" also adding ""the happiest part was that I didn't have to play only villains anymore."" Strother Martin, known for his appearances in westerns, was cast as the Captain, a prison warden who is depicted as a cruel and insensitive leader, severely punishing Luke for his escapes. The role of Luke's dying mother, Arletta, who visits him in prison, was passed to Jo Van Fleet after it was rejected by Bette Davis. Morgan Woodward was cast as Boss Godfrey, a laconic, cruel and remorseless prison officer who Woodward described as a ""walking

"Merry Clayton"
Merry Clayton Merry Clayton (born December 25, 1948) is an American soul and gospel singer and an actress. She provided a number of backing vocal tracks for major performing artists in the 1960s, most notably in her duet with Mick Jagger on the Rolling Stones song ""Gimme Shelter."" Clayton is featured in ""20 Feet from Stardom"", the Oscar-winning documentary about background singers and their contributions to the music industry. In 2013, she released ""The Best of Merry Clayton"", a compilation of her favorite songs. Clayton was born in Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana. Clayton was born on Christmas Day, and

"Gimme Shelter"
Sunset Sound Recorders and Elektra Studios in October and November that same year. Nicky Hopkins played piano, the Rolling Stones' producer Jimmy Miller played percussion, Charlie Watts played drums, Bill Wyman played bass, Jagger played harmonica and sang backup vocals with Richards and Clayton. Guitarist Brian Jones was present during the early sessions but did not contribute, Richards being credited with both rhythm and lead guitars on the album sleeve. For the recording, Richards used an Australian-made Maton SE777, a large single-cutaway hollowbody guitar, which he had previously used on ""Midnight Rambler"". The guitar barely survived the recording before literally

Gimme Shelter ""Gimme Shelter"" is the opening track to the 1969 album ""Let It Bleed"" by the Rolling Stones. Greil Marcus, writing in ""Rolling Stone"" magazine at the time of its release, praised the song, stating that the band has ""never done anything better"". Although the first word was spelled ""Gimmie"" on that album, subsequent recordings by the band and other musicians have made ""Gimme"" the customary spelling. The recording features Richards playing in an open tuning on electric guitar. The recording also features vocals by Merry Clayton. ""Gimme Shelter"" was written by the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger

and guitarist Keith Richards, the band's primary songwriting team. Richards began working on the song's signature opening riff in London whilst Jagger was away filming ""Performance"". As released, the song begins with Richards performing a guitar intro, soon joined by Jagger's lead vocal. Of ""Let It Bleed""'s bleak world view, Jagger said in a 1995 interview with ""Rolling Stone"" magazine: Similarly, on NPR in 2012: However, the song's inspiration was not initially Vietnam or social unrest, but Keith Richards seeing people scurrying for shelter from a sudden rain storm. According to him: The recording features guest vocals by Merry Clayton,

strain; once during the second refrain on the word ""shot"", then on the word ""murder"" during the third refrain, after which Jagger is faintly heard exclaiming ""Woo!"" in response to Clayton's powerful delivery. Upon returning home, Clayton suffered a miscarriage, attributed by some sources to her exertions during the recording. Merry Clayton's name was erroneously written on the original release, appearing as 'Mary'. Her name is also listed as 'Mary' on the 2002 ""Let It Bleed"" remastered CD. The song was recorded in London at Olympic Studios in February and March 1969; the vocals were recorded in Los Angeles at

the following bands and collaborations, the proceeds of which went to the Shelter charity's ""Putting Our House in Order"" homeless initiative. The versions were issued across various formats, and had a live version of the song by the Rolling Stones as a common lead track to ensure chart eligibility. ""Gimme Shelter"" (pop version – cassette single) ""Gimme Shelter"" (alternative version – CD single) ""Gimme Shelter"" (rock version – CD single) ""Gimme Shelter"" (dance version – 12"" single) Gimme Shelter ""Gimme Shelter"" is the opening track to the 1969 album ""Let It Bleed"" by the Rolling Stones. Greil Marcus, writing in

falling apart. ""[O]n the very last note of 'Gimmie Shelter,'"" Richards told ""Guitar World"" in 2002, ""the whole neck fell off. You can hear it on the original take."" ""Gimme Shelter"" quickly became a staple of the Rolling Stones' live shows. It was first performed sporadically during their 1969 American Tour and became a regular addition to their setlist during the 1972 American Tour. Concert versions appear on the Stones' albums ""No Security"" (recorded 1997, released 1998), ""Live Licks"" (recorded 2003, released 2004), ""Brussels Affair"" (recorded 1973, released 2011), and ""Hyde Park Live"" (2013). A May 1995 performance recorded at

"Shelter (The xx song)"
Shelter (The xx song) ""Shelter"" is a song by English indie pop band The xx. It is the seventh track on their debut album, ""xx"", and the only track from it that was written and performed without former member Baria Qureshi. The songs lyrics were written by Romy Madley Croft, with the music written by her, Oliver Sim and Jamie Smith, and the song being produced by the latter. The band recorded the song in February 2009, alongside the tracks ""Fantasy"" and ""Infinity"" before finishing the album by the end of the month. While recording ""Shelter"", a mechanical part of

"Shelter (Brand New Heavies album)"
Shelter (Brand New Heavies album) Shelter is an album by the Brand New Heavies that was released in 1997. It is the only album by the group with Siedah Garrett as a member. Garrett had joined the Brand New Heavies in 1996, but left in early 1998 to concentrate on her own songwriting. As part of the band, she enjoyed a minor hit with a cover of the Carole King-penned song ""You've Got a Friend"" that was originally made famous by James Taylor. It was the group's only top 10 hit single in the UK, reaching number 9 when released

recorded at a last-minute late-night recording session during the mixing phase, arranged by her friend and record producer Jack Nitzsche. After the first verse is sung by Jagger, Merry Clayton enters and they share the next three verses. A harmonica solo by Jagger and guitar solo by Richards follow. Then, with great energy, Clayton repeatedly sings ""Rape, murder! It's just a shot away! It's just a shot away!"", almost screaming the final stanza. She and Jagger then repeat the line ""It's just a shot away"" and finish with repeats of ""It's just a kiss away"". When speaking of her inclusion

"Brutus Buckeye"
Brutus Buckeye Brutus Buckeye is the athletics mascot of The Ohio State University. Brutus made his debut in 1965, with periodic updates to design and wardrobe occurring in the years since. As a member of the spirit squad, Brutus Buckeye travels to many events around the university and often makes appearances around Columbus. Ohio State students Ray Bourhis and Sally Huber decided Ohio State needed a mascot in 1965 and convinced the athletic council to study the matter. At the time, mascots were generally animals brought into the stadium or arena. A buck deer was contemplated but rejected as impossible.

relationship between the two schools"". Brutus Buckeye Brutus Buckeye is the athletics mascot of The Ohio State University. Brutus made his debut in 1965, with periodic updates to design and wardrobe occurring in the years since. As a member of the spirit squad, Brutus Buckeye travels to many events around the university and often makes appearances around Columbus. Ohio State students Ray Bourhis and Sally Huber decided Ohio State needed a mascot in 1965 and convinced the athletic council to study the matter. At the time, mascots were generally animals brought into the stadium or arena. A buck deer was

"Ohio State Buckeyes"
and RadiOhio, worth nearly $128 million, the largest such agreement in college sports. The Ohio State University Marching Band (nicknamed ""The Best Damn Band In The Land"") is currently under direction of Dr. Christopher Hoch. This all brass band has 225 members, and was first formed in 1878. The band has traditions including a field march that forms a ""Script Ohio"", during which, a senior sousaphone player gets to ""dot the i"" in the word Ohio. The Ohio State school colors of scarlet and gray were chosen by a committee of three students (Curtis C. Howard, Harwood R. Pool, and

"Bevo (mascot)"
University of Oklahoma. Following commencement ceremonies, he is typically on hand for photographs with graduates and their families. Since 1945, the care of Bevo during his transportation and appearances has been entrusted to an honorary organization of undergraduate students called the Silver Spurs. Bevo rides in a special burnt orange livestock trailer with his name on the side. Bevo is a steer, as an intact bull would be too dangerous in a crowded environment like a stadium. In 2002, an alumni group proposed that Bevo be given neuticles to ""increase his masculinity"". During football games, he typically stands or sits

"Bucky Badger"
include an individual student-athlete’s name, picture or likeness, other than information items, may not be sold.” Bucky Badger Buckingham U. ""Bucky"" Badger is the official mascot of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They attend all major sporting events for the Wisconsin Badgers as well as hundreds of other events around Wisconsin every year. The as-yet unnamed Wisconsin mascot appeared as a human-like cartoon figure in University of Wisconsin publications in the 1930s. The most familiar portrayal of Bucky Badger, wearing a ""W"" sweater and strutting forward with a fierce expression, was drawn by California-based commercial artist Art Evans in 1940, and

Ohio State student Kerry J. Reed, 21. ""Block O"" agreed to care for Brutus in December. In the early 2000s, the Brutus costume was stolen before a game. The mascot was forced to wear the old costume. Brutus has a buckeye head and block O hat, scarlet and grey shirt emblazoned ""Brutus"" and ""00"", red pants with an Ohio State towel hanging over the front, and high white socks with black shoes. Male and female students both serve as Brutus Buckeye. On September 18, 2010, the Ohio Bobcats football team played the Ohio State Buckeyes in Columbus. As the Buckeyes

Instead, the buckeye was selected, as the buckeye is the official state tree of Ohio. A simple papier-mâché nut was constructed by students, worn over the head and torso, with legs sticking out. It made its appearance at the Minnesota vs. Ohio State homecoming football game on October 30, 1965. The heavy papier-mâché nut did not last and it was soon replaced by a fiberglass shell. On November 21, 1965, The Columbus Dispatch reported that judges picked Brutus Buckeye to be the new mascot's name after a campus-wide ""Name the Buckeye"" contest. The winning name was the idea of then

"Chief Illiniwek"
Chief Illiniwek Chief Illiniwek was the mascot (often referred to by supporters as the ""symbol"") of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC), associated with the University's intercollegiate athletic programs, from 1926 to February 21, 2007. Chief Illiniwek was portrayed by a student to represent the Illiniwek, the state's namesake, although the regalia worn was from the Sioux. The student portraying Chief Illiniwek performed during halftime of Illinois football and basketball games, as well as during women's volleyball matches. For more than two decades, Chief Illiniwek has been the center of a controversy between fans and alumni who view ""the

"Ohio State Buckeyes football"
The Victory Bell is rung after every Ohio State victory by members of Alpha Phi Omega, a tradition that began after the Bucks beat California October 2, 1954. Reputedly the ringing can be heard five miles away ""on a calm day."" Located 150 feet high in the southeast tower of Ohio Stadium, the bell was a gift of the classes of 1943, 1944 and 1945, and weighs 2,420 pounds. The bell is rung for 15 minutes following a victory and for 30 minutes following a victory over Michigan. Beginning in 1965, Brutus Buckeye has appeared at all Ohio State football

"Swoop (University of Utah)"
Swoop (University of Utah) Swoop is a body-suit mascot for the University of Utah. Swoop, a red-tailed hawk, is the mascot of the Utah Utes sports teams. The university introduced Swoop with the consent of the tribal council of the Ute tribe in 1996. Originally the school's mascot was an American Indian, but was dropped. Later Hoyo, a cartoon Indian Boy, became an unofficial mascot, but was also dropped. During the 1980s the Crimson Warrior, a Caucasian horseman dressed in Indian costume, would ride onto the field before home football games and plant a lance into a bale of hay.

"Director's cut"
exists in at least 10 different officially released versions, ranging from a sub-90 minute television edit version of TV-14 (later TVMA) for cable television to an unrated full pornographic version exceeding 3.5 hours. This is believed to be the most distinct versions of a single film. Among major studio films, the record is believed to be held by ""Blade Runner""; the magazine Video Watchdog counted no less than seven distinct versions in a 1993 issue, before director Ridley Scott later released a ""Final Cut"" in 2007, bringing the supposed grand total to eight differing versions. The music video for the

"Principal photography of The Lord of the Rings film series"
described by the actors as ""murder"". The Grey Havens sequence, which takes place at the end of ""The Return of the King"", was shot three times due to Sean Astin forgetting his vest after lunch and, then, an out-of-focus camera. While the Hobbit leads had scenes in Hobbiton interiors and Rivendell exteriors in Kaitoke Park with new arrival Ian Holm, Mortensen, Orlando Bloom and John Rhys-Davies filmed scenes involving the Rohirrim countryside. Mortensen broke his toe kicking an Orc helmet on camera, Bloom fell off his horse and broke a rib, and Rhys-Davies' scale double Brett Beattie dislocated his knee.

"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring"
not need to be filmed separately as a third height variation. Large- and small-scale doubles were used in certain scenes, while entire duplicates of certain sets (including Bag End in Hobbiton) were built at two different scales, so that the characters would appear to be the appropriate size. At one point in the film, Frodo runs along a corridor in Bag End, followed by Gandalf. Elijah Wood and Ian McKellen were filmed in separate versions of the same corridor, built at two different scales, and a fast camera pan conceals the edit between the two. Forced perspective was also employed,

and Short of It"". Notable scenes filmed in the pick-ups included ""The Two Towers"" Extended Edition's flashback with Boromir, and the reshot Witch-king scenes with his new helmet design for ""The Return of the King"", the latter with improved Orc designs and the new character of Gothmog, and reshot of Aragorn and Arwen kissing at the coronation scene in ""The Return of the King"". Théoden's last scene was reshot just after he finished; Bernard Hill was still in New Zealand. Andy Serkis also had to re-shoot a Mount Doom scene in Jackson's house during post-production. The final and only pick-up

Council of Elrond. In June they began shooting scenes on soundstages with Cate Blanchett for Lothlórien, as well as a week of exterior shooting for the Lothlórien farewell sequence. Scenes shot in June were the Paths of the Dead across various locations, including Pinnacles. In July the crew shot some Shelob scenes, while another unit shot in July to August and September time was spent on the scenes in Fangorn Forest and Isengard. Dominic Monaghan and Billy Boyd tried numerous takes of their entrance, stressing the word ""weed"" as they smoked pipe-weed. Christopher Lee spent his part of his scene

Emyn Muil and Mount Doom. On April 13, 2000, Andy Serkis joined the cast. During this shoot, cross coverage was used for a pivotal scene in ""The Return of the King"". In the meantime, prologue scenes and the Battle of the Black Gate were shot, during which Sala Baker wore the Sauron armour. The Black Gate scene was filmed at a former mine field in the Rangipo Desert, and soldiers served as extras. With the return of Sean Bean, the Fellowship reunited and proceeded to shoot the Moria sequence and the Rivendell interiors, including 5 days of coverage for the

"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King"
shot scenes for a film after it had already won the Oscar. Post-production began in November 2002, with the completion of the 4½ hour assembly cut of the film that Annie Collins had been completing over 2001 and 2002, from 4-hour dailies. For example, Théoden leading the charge went from 150 minutes of takes to a finished 90 seconds. Jackson reunited with longtime collaborator Jamie Selkirk to edit the final film. Like ""The Two Towers"", they would have to deal with multiple storylines, and Jackson paid attention to each storyline at a time before deciding where to intercut. Most importantly

footage of stars Christopher Reeve and Margot Kidder, footage used in the first film, and entire scenes that were shot by replacement director Richard Lester which Donner dislikes but were required for story purposes. Some directors explicitly dislike the phrase ""director's cut"" because it implies that they disapprove of the theatrically released cut. James Cameron and Peter Jackson are two directors who publicly reject the label, preferring ""extended edition"" or ""special edition"". While Jackson considers the theatrical releases of ""The Lord of the Rings"" and ""The Hobbit"" trilogies to be a final ""director's cut"" within the constraints of theatrical exhibition,

"Kate Walsh (actress)"
Kate Walsh (actress) Kathleen Erin Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American actress and businesswoman. Her roles include Dr. Addison Montgomery on the ABC television dramas ""Grey's Anatomy"" and ""Private Practice"", Rebecca Wright on the short-lived NBC sitcom ""Bad Judge"", and Olivia Baker on the Netflix drama series ""13 Reasons Why"". Walsh was born in San Jose, California, the daughter of Angela Walsh. She grew up in a Roman Catholic household in Tucson, Arizona. Her father is Irish, being a native of Navan, County Meath, and her mother is of Italian descent. Walsh attended Catalina Magnet High School for

anniversary since the BP oil spill. On November 3, 2012, Walsh spoke in Dubuque, Iowa, during one of President Obama's campaign stops days before Election Day. During the 2016 election, Walsh was a supporter of Hillary Clinton, publicly endorsing her and campaigning for her several times in California, Arizona, and Virginia. Kate Walsh (actress) Kathleen Erin Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American actress and businesswoman. Her roles include Dr. Addison Montgomery on the ABC television dramas ""Grey's Anatomy"" and ""Private Practice"", Rebecca Wright on the short-lived NBC sitcom ""Bad Judge"", and Olivia Baker on the Netflix drama series

"Loretta Devine"
lead character Riley Parks works. The series was cancelled after two seasons. Loretta Devine Loretta Devine (born August 21, 1949) is an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Marla Hendricks in the Fox drama series ""Boston Public"", and for her recurring role as Adele Webber on the Shonda Rhimes' ""Grey's Anatomy"", for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2011. She had a role in the series ""Everybody Hates Chris"" as Rochelle's mother. In film, Devine appeared in ""Waiting to Exhale"", ""The Preacher's Wife"", Hoodlum, ""I Am

Loretta Devine Loretta Devine (born August 21, 1949) is an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Marla Hendricks in the Fox drama series ""Boston Public"", and for her recurring role as Adele Webber on the Shonda Rhimes' ""Grey's Anatomy"", for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2011. She had a role in the series ""Everybody Hates Chris"" as Rochelle's mother. In film, Devine appeared in ""Waiting to Exhale"", ""The Preacher's Wife"", Hoodlum, ""I Am Sam"", ""Urban Legend"", What Women Want, Kingdom Come, ""Crash"", ""Woman Thou Art

"Sarah Drew"
Sarah Drew Sarah White Drew (born October 1, 1980) is an American actress, director and producer. She is known for playing Hannah Rogers in The WB family drama series ""Everwood"" (2004–2006) and Dr. April Kepner in the ABC medical drama series ""Grey's Anatomy"" (2009–2018). Drew was born and raised in Stony Brook, New York, where she attended The Stony Brook School. Her mother, Dr. Jeannie Drew, is now teaching biology at an independent private school for girls in Manhattan. Her father, Rev. Charles Drew, is the senior pastor at Emmanuel Presbyterian Church in New York City. Her brother, Allen Drew,

"Hilarie Burton"
Hilarie Burton Hilarie Ros Burton is an American actress and producer. A former host of MTV's ""Total Request Live"", she portrayed Peyton Sawyer on The WB/CW drama ""One Tree Hill"" for six seasons (2003–09). Burton gained wider recognition with leading roles in the films ""Our Very Own"", ""Solstice"", and ""The List"". She starred as Sara Ellis on the USA crime drama ""White Collar"" (2010–13); and, in 2013, she had a recurring role as Dr. Lauren Boswell on the ABC medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". In 2014, she appeared in the short-lived ABC drama series ""Forever"" as Molly Dawes, and a recurring

"Marla Sokoloff"
Marla Sokoloff Marla Lynne Sokoloff (born December 19, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing the part of Lucy Hatcher on the television show ""The Practice"", Wilima in the film ""Dude, Where's My Car?"", and Gia Mahan on the ABC sitcom ""Full House"" and ""Fuller House."" Sokoloff was born in San Francisco, to Cindi (née Sussman) and Howard Sokoloff, a former caterer and podiatrist, respectively. Her family is Jewish and originates from Russia and Germany. Sokoloff graduated from the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts. Sokoloff began acting at age 12 when she was cast

"Brooke Smith (actress)"
Brooke Smith (actress) Brooke Smith (born May 22, 1967) is an American actress, known for her role as Dr. Erica Hahn on the ABC medical drama series ""Grey's Anatomy"", and for her role as Catherine Martin in the 1991 horror film ""The Silence of the Lambs"". Smith portrayed Sheriff Jane Greene on the A&E horror series ""Bates Motel"". Smith was born in New York City. Her father, Eugene ""Gene"" Smith, worked as a publisher, and her mother, publicist Lois Eileen Smith (née Wollenweber), had worked with Robert Redford and other actors and directors. Smith has appeared in numerous films, including

Kim Raver Kimberly Jayne ""Kim"" Raver (born March 15, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for television roles as Kim Zambrano on ""Third Watch"", Audrey Raines on ""24"" and Teddy Altman on ABC's medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". Raver was born and raised in New York City by her mother, Tina Raver, and her stepfather, Chris Meltesen. She has a sister, Cybele Raver, as well as three half sisters, Nadja Raver, Grace Raver, Aimée Raver, and two half brothers, Jacob Raver, and William Raver. She attended Northfield Mount Hermon School, a boarding school in Northfield, Massachusetts. Raver attended

"Shenae Grimes"
Shenae Grimes Shenae Grimes-Beech (; born October 24, 1989), credited for most of her career as Shenae Grimes, is a Canadian actress. She portrayed Annie Wilson on ""90210"", a spin-off of ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". Prior to that, she had a recurring role on the television series ""Naturally, Sadie"", and played Darcy Edwards on """" for four seasons. Grimes was born in Toronto, Ontario. She has three siblings, Aiden, Liam and Maya. She attended Forest Hill Public School for elementary school. She attended Forest Hill Collegiate Institute, along with her Degrassi co-star, Aubrey Graham (Drake). She interned at Toronto's Fashion Television

"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season"
2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play in 1974 at Foster Auditorium, and split home

as the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Rebecca Lobo and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29,

2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29, 1984, with the Gamecocks holding a one-game edge over the Bulldogs in Southeastern Conference (SEC) play. In the 2016–17 SEC regular

"2017 Conference USA Women's Basketball Tournament"
2017 Conference USA Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 Conference USA Women's Basketball Tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA was held from March 8–11, 2017 in Birmingham, Alabama. The first two rounds will take place at Bartow Arena while the semifinals and championship will take place at Legacy Arena. WKU won their 2nd C-USA tournament title and earns an automatic trip to the NCAA Women's Tournament. The top twelve teams will qualify for the tournament. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Eliminated from

Basketball Tournament at 36 consecutive appearances. Connecticut also continued its record streak of 10 consecutive Final Four appearances. The first two rounds, also referred to as the subregionals, were played at the sites of the top 16 seeds, as was done in 2016. The following are the sites that hosted each round of the 2017 tournament. First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship) Selections for the 2017 NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Championship were announced at 7 p.m. Eastern time, Monday, March 13 via ESPN. The

"2017 Southland Conference Women's Basketball Tournament"
2017 Southland Conference Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 Southland Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, a part of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season, took place March 9–12, 2017 at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas. The winner of the tournament, the Central Arkansas Sugar Bears, received the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Tournament. Only the Top 8 teams advanced to the Southland Conference Tournament. The co-regular season champion Abilene Christian Wildcats were ineligible for the NCAA Tourney. Their seed fell to the next eligible team. Abilene Christian and Incarnate Word were ineligible for post-season play as

teams changed coaches during and after the season. 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play

"Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples"
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP or DOTROIP) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on Thursday, September 13th. 2007, by a majority of 144 states in favour, 4 votes against, and 11 abstentions. The groundwork toward this declaration can be seen as far back as 1923 and 1925 in the works of Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh and Māori T.W. Ratana who attempted to bring issues of Canada and New Zealand's failure to uphold treaties to the League of Nations, United Nations' precursor. In May 2016 Canada officially

officially endorsed the declaration but without changing its position that it was 'aspirational'. Anishinabek spiritual leader, Chief William Commanda (1908-3 August 2011) was honoured at the 21st annual week-long First Peoples' Festival held in Montreal from 2–9 August 2011, celebrating Canada's 2010 adoption of the U. N. declaration. AFN Innu representative, Ghislain Picard's tribute praised Grandfather Commanda for his work that was ""key not only in the adoption of the U.N. declaration, but in all the work leading up to it throughout the last 25 years."" In 2015, Romeo Saganash (a Cree Member of Parliament for Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou) sponsored Private Member's

to action"" in its final report. In 2016, Canada officially adopted and promised to implement the declaration fully. Speaking at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada minister Carolyn Bennett announced, ""We are now a full supporter of the declaration, without qualification. We intend nothing less than to adopt and implement the declaration in accordance with the Canadian Constitution."" Bennett described the Declaration as ""breathing life into Section 35 [of the Canadian Constitution] and recognizing it as a full box of rights for Indigenous Peoples in Canada."" In July 2016, Kwakwaka’wakw Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould

Peoples, calling the two heads of state ""visionary leaders"" and demanding Canada resign its membership on the United Nations Human Rights Council. On 3 March 2010, in the Speech From the Throne, the Governor General of Canada announced that the government was moving to endorse the declaration. ""We are a country with an Aboriginal heritage. A growing number of states have given qualified recognition to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Our Government will take steps to endorse this aspirational document in a manner fully consistent with Canada’s Constitution and laws."" On 12 November 2010, Canada

at its adoption. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon described it as a ""historic moment when UN Member States and indigenous peoples have reconciled with their painful histories and are resolved to move forward together on the path of human rights, justice and development for all."" Louise Arbour, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada then serving as the UN's High Commissioner for Human Rights, expressed satisfaction at the hard work and perseverance that had finally ""borne fruit in the most comprehensive statement to date of indigenous peoples' rights."" Similarly, news of the Declaration's adoption was greeted with jubilation in Africa

"Assembly of First Nations"
people into the Canadian population with the status of other ethnic minorities rather than a distinct group. Supported by a churches, labour and other citizen groups, the NIB mounted massive opposition to the government plan. On June 3, 1970, the NIB presented the response by Harold Cardinal and the Indian Chiefs of Alberta (entitled ""Citizens Plus"" but commonly known as the ""Red Paper"") to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and ministers of his Cabinet. Startled by the strong opposition to the White Paper, the Prime Minister told the delegation the White Paper would not be imposed against their will. In 1972,

"Nunavut Land Claims Agreement"
Nunavut Land Claims Agreement The Nunavut Land Claim Agreement was signed on May 25, 1993, in Iqaluit, by representatives of the Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut (now Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated), the Government of Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories. This agreement gave the Inuit of the central and eastern Northwest Territories a separate territory called Nunavut. It is the largest Aboriginal land claim settlement in Canadian history. The NLCA consists of 42 chapters, which addressing a broad range of political and environmental rights and concerns including wildlife management and harvesting rights, land, water and environmental management regimes, parks and

gave a speech that stated that ""adopting the UNDRIP as being Canadian law are unworkable"", due to its incompatibility with the Indian Act, the current governing statute. The federal government pledged on 21 June 2017 to rename its National Aboriginal Day to be consistent with the terminology used by the Declaration. In September 2017, British Columbia provincial government announced that it will govern in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration. In 2007 New Zealand's Minister of Māori Affairs Parekura Horomia described the Declaration as ""toothless"", and said, ""There are four provisions we have problems with, which make the

"Canada and the United Nations"
in the world"" and claimed that the UN is a ""principal forum for pursuing Canada's international objectives – including the promotion of democracy, inclusive governance, human rights, development, and international peace and security."". The National Film Board of Canada (NFB), Canada's state film producer, has produced several works about or on behalf of the U.N. The first, the 1944 short film ""U.N.R.R.A. presents In the Wake of the Armies ..."" focused the work of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. The 1945 film ""Now — The Peace"", on the formation of the U.N. at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, was

Canada signed in 1949 and passed through Parliament in 1952. The residential school system that removed Aboriginal children from their homes has led scholars to believe that Canada can be tried in international court for genocide. A legal case resulted in settlement of 2 billion C$ in 2006 and the 2008 establishment of a truth and reconciliation commission which confirmed the injurious effect on children of this system and turmoil created between Aboriginal Canadians and Canadian Society. In 2008 Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued an apology on behalf of the Canadian government and its citizens for the residential school system.

Crossword
two or three, but can be more) into a phrase. For example, ""Dimmer, Allies"" would make ""Demoralise"" or ""You, ill, never, walk, alone"" would become ""You'll never walk alone"". This generally aids solvers in that if they have one of the words then they can attempt to guess the phrase. This has also become popular among other British newspapers. Sometimes newspapers publish one grid that can be filled by solving either of two lists of clues – usually a straight and a cryptic. The solutions given by the two lists may be different, in which case the solver must decide

Crossword
solutions should always agree in tense, number, and degree. If a clue is in the past tense, so is the answer: thus ""Traveled on horseback"" would be a valid clue for the solution ""RODE"", but not for ""RIDE"". Similarly, ""Family members"" would be a valid clue for ""AUNTS"" but not ""UNCLE"", while ""More joyful"" could clue ""HAPPIER"" but not ""HAPPIEST"". Some clue examples: In the hands of any but the most skilled constructors, the constraints of the American-style grid (in which every letter is checked) usually require a fair number of answers not to be dictionary words. As a result,

"Bridge and torch problem"
20, and 25 minutes, respectively, to cross, and the time limit is 60 minutes. In all these variations, the structure and solution of the puzzle remain the same. In the case where there are an arbitrary number of people with arbitrary crossing times, and the capacity of the bridge remains equal to two people, the problem has been completely analyzed by graph-theoretic methods. Martin Erwig from Oregon State University has used a variation of the problem to argue for the usability of the Haskell programming language over Prolog for solving search problems. The puzzle is also mentioned in Daniel Dennett's

Crossword
and answers, plus the full contents of a dictionary and Wikipedia. Web sites such as crosswordguru.com make such databases available for people to create or solve puzzles with computer assistance one clue at a time. Originally Petherbridge called the two dimensions of the cross-word puzzle ""Horizontal"" and ""Vertical"". Among various numbering schemes, the standard became that in which only the start squares of each word were numbered, from left to right and top to bottom. ""1 Horizontal"" and ""1 Vertical"" and the like were names for the clues, the cross words, or the grid locations, interchangeably. Later in the Times

Crossword
clue. There are numerous other forms of wordplay found in cryptic clues. Backwards words can be indicated by words like ""climbing"", ""retreating"", or ""ascending"" (depending on whether it is an across clue or a down clue) or by directional indicators such as ""going North"" (meaning upwards) or ""West"" (right-to-left); letters can be replaced or removed with indicators such as ""nothing rather than excellence"" (meaning replace E in a word with O); the letter ""I"" can be indicated by ""me"" or ""one;"" the letter ""O"" can be indicated by ""nought"", ""nothing"", ""zero"", or ""a ring"" (since it visually resembles one); the

Crossword
spaces, representing a quotation or other text, into which the answers for the clues fit. In most forms of the puzzle, the first letters of each correct clue answer, read in order from clue A on down the list, will spell out the author of the quote and the title of the work it is taken from; this can be used as an additional solving aid. The arroword is a variant of a crossword that does not have as many black squares as a true crossword, but has arrows inside the grid, with clues preceding the arrows. It has been

"Fork in the road (metaphor)"
Fork in the road (metaphor) A fork in the road is a metaphor, based on a literal expression, for a deciding moment in life or history when a major choice of options is required. Compare ""crossing the Rubicon"". ""Mortal, mark out two roads for the sword of the king of Babylon to come; both of them shall issue from the same land. And make a signpost, make it for a fork in the road leading to a city; mark out the road for the sword to come to Rabbah of the Ammonites or to Judah and to Jerusalem the fortified.

Crossword
in the solution). As these puzzles are closer to codes than quizzes, they require a different skillset; many basic cryptographic techniques, such as determining likely vowels, are key to solving these. Given their pangrammaticity, a frequent start point is locating where 'Q' and 'U' must appear. In a diagramless crossword, often called a diagramless for short or, in the UK, a skeleton crossword or carte blanche, the grid offers overall dimensions, but the locations of most of the clue numbers and shaded squares are unspecified. A solver must deduce not only the answers to individual clues, but how to fit

"Crossed ladders problem"
Crossed ladders problem The crossed ladders problem is a puzzle of unknown origin that has appeared in various publications and regularly reappears in Web pages and Usenet discussions. Two ladders of lengths ""a"" and ""b"" lie oppositely across an alley, as shown in the figure. The ladders cross at a height of ""h"" above the alley floor. What is the width of the alley? Martin Gardner presents and discusses the problem in his book of mathematical puzzles published in 1979 and cites references to it as early as 1895. The crossed ladders problem may appear in various forms, with variations

"Cuban War of Independence"
to the rebels' successes by introducing terror methods: periodic executions, mass exile of residents and forced concentration of them in certain cities or areas, and destruction of farms and crops. Weyler's methods reached their height on October 21, 1896, when he ordered all countryside residents and their livestock to gather within eight days in various fortified areas and towns occupied by his troops. Hundreds of thousands of people had to leave their homes and were subjected to appalling and inhumane conditions in the crowded towns and cities. Together with the forced reconcentrations done by the rebels in the eastern provinces,

war of independence: The insurrection began on February 24, 1895, with uprisings all across the island. In Oriente, the most important ones took place in Santiago, Guantánamo, Jiguaní, San Luis, El Cobre, El Caney, Alto Songo, Bayate, and Baire. The uprisings in the central part of the island, such as Ibarra, Jagüey Grande, and Aguada, suffered from poor coordination and failed; the leaders were captured, some of them deported and some executed. In the province of Havana, the insurrection was discovered before it was underway, and authorities detained its leaders. The insurgents further west in Pinar del Río were ordered

acquired most of their weapons and ammunition in raids on the Spaniards. Between June 11, 1895, and November 30, 1897, out of sixty attempts to bring weapons and supplies to the rebels from outside the country, only one succeeded through the protection of the British. Twenty-eight ships were intercepted within U.S. territory; five were intercepted at sea by the U.S. Navy, and four by the Spanish Navy; two were wrecked; one was driven back to port by storm; the fate of another is unknown. Martí was killed shortly after landing on May 19, 1895, at Dos Rios, but Máximo Gomez

"Cuban Revolution"
military installations. On 26 July 1953, the rebels attacked the Moncada Barracks in Santiago and the barracks in Bayamo, only to be decisively defeated by government soldiers. It was hoped that the staged attack would spark a nationwide revolt against Batista's government. He had around 150 factory and farm workers. After an hour of fighting the rebel leader fled to the mountains. The exact number of rebels killed in the battle is debatable; however, in his autobiography, Fidel Castro claimed that nine were killed in the fighting, and an additional 56 were executed after being captured by the Batista government.

by rebel leaders to wait. On April 1 and 11, 1895, the main Mambi leaders landed on two expeditions in Oriente: Major General Antonio Maceo along with 22 members near Baracoa, and José Martí, Máximo Gómez and 4 other members in Playitas. Around that time, Spanish forces in Cuba numbered about 80,000, of which 20,000 were regular troops and 60,000 were Spanish and Cuban volunteer militia. The latter were a locally enlisted force that took care of most of the “guard and police” duties on the island. Wealthy landowners would “volunteer” a number of their slaves to serve in this

However, in the Sierra Maestra mountains, Castro, aided by Frank País, Ramos Latour, Huber Matos, and many others, staged successful attacks on small garrisons of Batista's troops. In addition, poorly armed irregulars known as ""escopeteros"" harassed Batista's forces in the foothills and plains of Oriente Province. The ""escopeteros"" also provided direct military support to Castro's main forces by protecting supply lines and by sharing intelligence. Ultimately, the mountains came under Castro's control. In addition to armed resistance, the rebels sought to use propaganda to their advantage. A pirate radio station called ""Radio Rebelde"" (""Rebel Radio"") was set up in February

Cuba on 2 December. The boat landed in Playa Las Coloradas, in the municipality of Niquero, arriving two days later than planned because the boat was heavily loaded, unlike during the practice sailing runs. This dashed any hopes for a coordinated attack with the ""llano"" wing of the Movement. After arriving and exiting the ship, the band of rebels began to make their way into the Sierra Maestra mountains, a range in southeastern Cuba. Three days after the trek began, Batista's army attacked and killed most of the ""Granma"" participants – while the exact number is disputed, no more than

Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution () was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's revolutionary 26th of July Movement and its allies against the authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista. The revolution began in July 1953, and continued sporadically until the rebels finally ousted Batista on 31 December 1959, replacing his government with a revolutionary socialist state. 26 July 1959 is celebrated in Cuba as the ""Day of the Revolution"". The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965. The Cuban Revolution had powerful domestic and international repercussions. In particular, it

Roloff and Serafín Sánchez in Las Villas, who brought weapons, men and experience to the revolutionaries' arsenal. In mid-September, representatives of the five Liberation Army Corps assembled in Jimaguayú, Camagüey to approve the “Jimaguayú Constitution.” They established a central government, which grouped the executive and legislative powers into one entity named “Government Council”, headed by Salvador Cisneros and Bartolomé Masó. After some time of consolidation in the three eastern provinces, the liberation armies headed for Camagüey and then Matanzas, outmaneuvering and deceiving the Spanish Army several times. They defeated Spanish Gen. Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón, who had gained victory in

more land on the island than what our soldiers are stepping on”. The rebel force of 3,000 defeated the Spanish in various encounters, such as the Battle of La Reforma, and forcing the surrender of Las Tunas on August 30. The Spaniards were kept on the defensive. Las Tunas had been guarded by over 1,000 well-armed and well-supplied men. As stipulated at the Jimaguayü Assembly two years earlier, a second Constituent Assembly met in La Yaya, Camagüey, on October 10, 1897. The newly adopted constitution provided that military command was to be subordinated to civilian rule. The government was confirmed,

"Sweet Caroline"
""Good times never seemed so good,"" the crowd sings ""So good, so good, so good."" This pattern is repeated whenever the chorus is played. The song has been played at Fenway Park, home of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, since at least 1997, and in the middle of the eighth inning at every game since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself. It is also an unofficial song of the National Football League's Carolina Panthers (played following a victory) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,

April 16, 2013, the day after the Boston Marathon bombing, the New York Yankees – longtime rivals of the Red Sox – announced they would play the song during their home game, preceded by a moment of silence, as a tribute to the victims. On Saturday, April 20, 2013, during the 8th inning of the Red Sox-Kansas City game in Fenway Park, Neil Diamond led the crowd in a rendition of the song. The song was sung at sporting events across the country after the Boston Marathon bombings, in efforts to show solidarity with those affected by the tragedy. It

(the Green And White Army) have also adopted the song. UFC Fighter Darren Till has used the song as his entrance. Sweet Caroline ""Sweet Caroline"" is a song written and performed by American recording artist Neil Diamond and released in June 1969 as a single with the title ""Sweet Caroline (Good Times Never Seemed So Good)"". It was arranged by Charles Calello, and recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis, Tennessee. The song reached No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart the week ending August 16, 1969, and was certified gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1969, for

in the background created an image in his mind, and the rest of the song came together about five years after seeing the picture. However, in 2014 Diamond said the song was about his then-wife Marcia, but he needed a three-syllable name to fit the melody. The song has proven to be enduringly popular and, as of November 2014, has sold over two million digital downloads in the United States. There are three distinct mixes of this song. The original mono 45 mix had a louder orchestra and glockenspiel compared to the stereo version on the ""Brother Love's Travelling Salvation

Sweet Caroline ""Sweet Caroline"" is a song written and performed by American recording artist Neil Diamond and released in June 1969 as a single with the title ""Sweet Caroline (Good Times Never Seemed So Good)"". It was arranged by Charles Calello, and recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis, Tennessee. The song reached No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart the week ending August 16, 1969, and was certified gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1969, for sales of one million singles. ""Sweet Caroline"" was also the first of fifty-eight entries on the US Easy Listening chart, peaking

"Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams"
after serving as the commencement speaker at the summer 2016 graduation. Jeni Britton Bauer's interest formed while working at La Chatelaine, a local French bakery, where she experimented with scent combinations making homemade perfume. Britton Bauer served one flavor a day at Scream, but realized, when a coffee shop was out of her favorite orange scone, that such a limited selection could be disappointing for customers. In order to become a better ice cream maker, Britton Bauer decided to attend the ice cream short course at Penn State, and she closed Scream to do so. The first Jeni's opened in

"Sweetbitter (TV series)"
four custom scents inspired by “Sweetbitter’s” four main characters. The Starz Sensory House was located at 88 Rainey Street in Austin and operated until March 12. On April 26, 2018, the series held its world premiere at the SVA Theatre in New York City, New York during the annual Tribeca Film Festival. Following the screening a discussion was held with creator, executive producer, and writer Stephanie Danler, showrunner Stuart Zicherman, and cast members Ella Purnell, Caitlin FitzGerald, Tom Sturridge, and Paul Sparks. The first season has been met with a mixed to negative response from critics. On the review aggregation

Charmed
Charmed Charmed is an American fantasy drama television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner. The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006. The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined ""Power of Three"" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks. Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve,

Charmed
time since the 2008–09 television season. Charmed Charmed is an American fantasy drama television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner. The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006. The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined ""Power of Three"" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks. Each sister possesses unique

"Dana Simpson"
in a pond; Phoebe accidentally hits her with a rock, breaking the spell, and as part of one wish Marigold grants her, Phoebe asks for Marigold to become her best friend. ""Heavenly Nostrils,"" was scheduled to debut on GoComics April 23, 2012, but debuted a day early on April 22, 2012. The strip entered into print syndication across 100 papers starting on March 30, 2015; the title of the strip was changed to ""Phoebe and her Unicorn"" for print syndication. Within the strip, Simpson drew inspiration from her real life. Phoebe herself is loosely based on Simpson's own personality. Phoebe's

what does the adrenal gland produce that is necessary for the sympathetic nervous system to function

"Adrenal medulla"
Adrenal medulla The adrenal medulla () is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The adrenal medulla consists of irregularly shaped cells grouped around blood vessels. These cells are intimately connected with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In fact, these adrenal medullary cells are modified postganglionic neurons, and preganglionic autonomic nerve

form clusters around large blood vessels. As a cluster of neuron cell bodies, the adrenal medulla is considered a ""ganglion"" of the sympathetic nervous system. Rather than releasing a neurotransmitter, the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete hormones. The adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Because the ANS, specifically the sympathetic division, exerts direct control over the chromaffin cells the hormone release can occur rather quickly. In response to stressors such as exercise or imminent danger, medullary cells release the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline into

"Adrenal gland"
a characteristic not present in all sympathetic organs. Glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex were once thought to be responsible for the differentiation of chromaffin cells. More recent research suggests that BMP-4 secreted in adrenal tissue is the main responsible for this, and that glucocorticoids only play a role in the subsequent development of the cells. The normal function of the adrenal gland may be impaired by conditions such as infections, tumors, genetic disorders and autoimmune diseases, or as a side effect of medical therapy. These disorders affect the gland either directly (as with infections or autoimmune diseases) or as

Reichstein were then awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries on the structure and effects of the adrenal hormones. Adrenal gland The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones:

catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, released by the medulla. Approximately 20% noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and 80% adrenaline (epinephrine) are secreted here. The adrenal medulla is driven by the sympathetic nervous system via preganglionic fibers originating in the thoracic spinal cord, from vertebrae T5–T11. Because it is innervated by preganglionic nerve fibers, the adrenal medulla can be considered as a specialized sympathetic ganglion. Unlike other sympathetic ganglia, however, the adrenal medulla lacks distinct synapses and releases its secretions directly into the blood. The adrenal glands have one of the greatest blood supply rates per gram of tissue of any organ: up to 60

by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a hormone released into the bloodstream by the anterior pituitary. In turn, production of ACTH is stimulated by the presence of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is released by neurons of the hypothalamus. ACTH acts on the adrenal cells first by increasing the levels of StAR within the cells, and then of all steroidogenic P450 enzymes. The HPA axis is an example of a negative feedback system, in which cortisol itself acts as a direct inhibitor of both CRH and ACTH synthesis. The HPA axis also interacts with the immune system through increased secretion of ACTH at

stimulation. Angiotensin II and extracellular potassium are the two main regulators of aldosterone production. The amount of sodium present in the body affects the extracellular volume, which in turn influences blood pressure. Therefore, the effects of aldosterone in sodium retention are important for the regulation of blood pressure. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid in humans. In species that do not create cortisol, this role is played by corticosterone instead. Glucocorticoids have many effects on metabolism. As their name suggests, they increase the circulating level of glucose. This is the result of an increase in the mobilization of amino acids from

compensation by the autonomous nervous system, except in episodes of hypoglycemia where glycogenolysis cannot be stimulated by circulating epinephrine . In dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency, the entire body cannot efficiently produce epinephrine and norepinephrine from dopamine, this results in severe dysautonomia but most crucially due to autonomous nervous system failure which requires epinephrine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters, dopamine being used in this pathology as an inadequate substitute. Adrenal medulla The adrenal medulla () is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of

blood pressure, and constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body. Catecholamines are produced in chromaffin cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland, from tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid derived from food or produced from phenylalanine in the liver. The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase converts tyrosine to L-DOPA in the first step of catecholamine synthesis. L-DOPA is then converted to dopamine before it can be turned into noradrenaline. In the cytosol, noradrenaline is converted to epinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and stored in granules. Glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex stimulate the synthesis of catecholamines by

"Adrenocorticotropic hormone"
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress (along with its precursor corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus). Its principal effects are increased production and release of cortisol by the cortex of the adrenal gland. ACTH is also related to the circadian rhythm in many organisms. Deficiency of ACTH is a sign of secondary adrenal insufficiency (suppressed production of

"Colby cheese"
Colby cheese Colby, originally Colby Cheddar, is a semi-hard cow's milk cheese originating from the United States. In 1885, Joseph F. Steinwand developed a new type of cheese at his father's cheese factory near Colby, Wisconsin. The cheese was named after the village, which had been founded three years earlier. While Colby cheese is still widely available, it is no longer produced in Colby. An 1898 issue of the ""Colby Phonograph"" noted, ""A merchant in Phillips gives as one of the 13 reasons why people should trade with him, that he sells the genuine Steinwand Colby Cheese."" A festival commemorating

"Colby, Wisconsin"
initially called ""Section 53,"" but the railroad renamed the station in honor of Charles L. Colby, partner in the construction company that was building the railroad, and the son of the railroad's financier Gardner L. Colby. Colby is the birthplace of Colby cheese. A historical marker in downtown Colby commemorates the development of Colby cheese by Joseph Steinwand in 1874. Colby cheese is no longer made in the city of Colby, although a factory east of town cuts and packages it. The former Colby cheese factory west of the city is a dilapidated building. Colby is located at (44.910186, -90.317058).

cooking. It is typically used as a table cheese, for grating and grilling, and in snacks and salads. Colby is sometimes mixed with Monterey Jack to produce a marbled cheese called Colby-Jack or Co-Jack. Pinconning cheese is a sharp aged relative of Colby. In 2015, artist John Riepenhoff and cheesemaker Bob Wills created a ""Double Cream"" Colby. Colby cheese Colby, originally Colby Cheddar, is a semi-hard cow's milk cheese originating from the United States. In 1885, Joseph F. Steinwand developed a new type of cheese at his father's cheese factory near Colby, Wisconsin. The cheese was named after the village,

"Colby College"
the founding of the college in 1813, four alumni have served as President of the College: Albion Woodbury Small, class of 1876, President from 1889-1892; Nathaniel Butler Jr., class of 1873, President from 1896-1901; Arthur J. Roberts, class of 1890, President from 1908-1927; and Franklin W. Johnson, class of 1891, President from 1929-1942. ""Lux Mentis Scientia"", meaning ""knowledge is the light of the mind"", is the college's motto. A special seal was developed for the college's bicentennial celebration in 2013. Colby's alma mater is ""Hail, Colby, Hail"". The lyrics to the song were written by Karl R. Kennison from the

"Colby, Kansas"
the name St. Thomas Historic Residences. Interstate 70 reached Colby in 1965, stimulating the growth of a local hospitality industry. Colby is located at (39.392093, -101.047532) at an elevation of 3,159 feet (963 m). It lies on the south side of Prairie Dog Creek, a tributary of the Republican River, in the High Plains region of the Great Plains. A small tributary of the creek flows northeast through the town. Located at the interchange of Interstate 70 and K-25 in northwestern Kansas, Colby is east-southeast of Denver, northwest of Wichita, and west of Kansas City. According to the United States

Colby, Kansas Colby is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,387. In 1882, a post office was established near the center of Thomas County. Area homesteaders lived under harsh conditions in sod houses, creating demand for a town to provide lumber and other provisions to incoming settlers. J.R. Colby, a local land assessor and preacher, obtained a patent to establish the town in April 1884, and land was acquired for the town site three miles north of the post office in March 1885. The

"Gardner Colby"
Gardner Colby Gardner Colby (1810–1879) was a prominent businessman and Christian philanthropist. He is the namesake of Colby College in Maine and the town of Colby, Wisconsin. Colby was born in Bowdoinham, Maine in 1810 and spent part of his childhood in Waterville, Maine. His father, Josiah Colby, died in 1814 after having lost his fortune during the War of 1812, and Josiah Colby had spent time manufacturing gunpowder in Waterville before his death. To aid Colby's mother, Jeremiah Chaplin, a Baptist minister who served as the first President of Waterville College (later Colby College) arranged for the Colby family

and made several large donations to what is now Andover Newton Theological School, which was a Reformed seminary located near Colby's home in Newton, Massachusetts. Gardner Colby Gardner Colby (1810–1879) was a prominent businessman and Christian philanthropist. He is the namesake of Colby College in Maine and the town of Colby, Wisconsin. Colby was born in Bowdoinham, Maine in 1810 and spent part of his childhood in Waterville, Maine. His father, Josiah Colby, died in 1814 after having lost his fortune during the War of 1812, and Josiah Colby had spent time manufacturing gunpowder in Waterville before his death. To

"Pinconning cheese"
aging. Pinconning's flavor and texture are rich, creamy and open. It is unusual and a different experience than eating traditional Colby Cheese. It is often used as a replacement for Cheddar and Colby cheeses in dishes such as macaroni and soufflés."" Pinconning was chosen as the ‘Cheese Capital of Michigan’ after the Pinconning brand of cheese where it was originated and still sold today. Pinconning cheese Pinconning Cheese is an aged semi-hard whole cow's milk, Colby style cheese named after Pinconning, Michigan, where it was first developed and produced by Dan Horn in 1915. Since then and currently, Pinconning Cheese

Pinconning cheese Pinconning Cheese is an aged semi-hard whole cow's milk, Colby style cheese named after Pinconning, Michigan, where it was first developed and produced by Dan Horn in 1915. Since then and currently, Pinconning Cheese is made and distributed based on the original family traditional recipe by the originator's related companies, Pinconning Cheese Company and Wilson's (Horn) Cheese Shoppe in Pinconning, Michigan. It is available in mild and then aged many years to sharpness levels of medium mild, medium sharp, sharp, extra sharp, and super sharp (7 plus years old). Its hardness and texture change and sharpness increase with

"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 8)"
Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 8) The eighth season of the CBS police procedural drama series ""Hawaii Five-0"" premiered on September 29, 2017 for the 2017–18 television season. CBS renewed the series for a 23 episode eighth season on March 23, 2017. However, on November 6, 2017 CBS ordered an additional episode for the season and did the same again on February 8, 2018 bringing the count to 25 episodes. The season concluded on May 18, 2018. The eighth season ranked #18 for the 2017-18 television season and had an average of 11 million viewers. The series was also

23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for an eighth season, which premiered on September 29, 2017. Filming for the season began on July 8, 2017 with a traditional Hawaiian blessing. Series star Alex O'Loughlin made both his writer and directorial debut during the season. O'Loughlin directed the eighteenth episode of the season and wrote the story for the twenty-fourth episode of the season. The final script for the season was written around early March 2018. Filming on the final episode of the season concluded in the third week of April. The final episode of the season aired on May 18,

out of 47 reviews and an average rating of 3.4 out of 5 for the season. Meanwhile, Metacritic has an average of 4.5/5 based on 6 reviews. Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 8) The eighth season of the CBS police procedural drama series ""Hawaii Five-0"" premiered on September 29, 2017 for the 2017–18 television season. CBS renewed the series for a 23 episode eighth season on March 23, 2017. However, on November 6, 2017 CBS ordered an additional episode for the season and did the same again on February 8, 2018 bringing the count to 25 episodes. The season

2018. On June 30, 2017, ahead of the series's eighth season, it was announced that series regulars Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park would be departing the series due to a salary dispute with CBS. Kim and Park had been seeking pay equality with co-stars Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but did not reach satisfactory deals with CBS Television Studios. CBS's final offer to Kim and Park was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary. An update of their characters was given in the first episode of the season and in various other episodes throughout the season.

"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)"
and has received praise for its modern take on the original series. Due to pay disputes, season 8 was the first season not to feature Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park. Season 8 was also the first season not to feature Masi Oka following his departure in the thirteenth episode of the seventh season. Meanwhile, Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale joined as new main cast members in season 8. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season which premiered on September 28, 2018. The series covers the actions of a small, specialized DPS task force in

Following Kim's and Park's departures it was announced that longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale who portrays Kono Kalakaua's husband Adam Noshimuri had been upped to series regular for the eighth season. It was also announced that Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale would join the series as new characters and new members of Five-0. On July 21, 2017, it was announced that recurring cast members Taylor Wily, Kimee Balmilero, and Dennis Chun would also be upped to series regulars for the eighth season. On September 28, 2017 in an interview with executive producer Peter Lenkov he was asked if

renewed for a ninth season. Due to pay disputes this is the first season not to feature Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park. This is also the first full season not to feature Masi Oka following his departure in the thirteenth episode of the seventh season. Meanwhile, Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale joined as new main cast members. In addition, longtime recurring cast members Dennis Chun, Kimee Balmilero, and Taylor Wily were promoted to series regulars, while another longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale joined as a series regular and appeared in episodes seven through twenty. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On March

"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 9)"
The teaser trailer for the first episode was released on September 12, 2018. The season has been marketed as the series' fiftieth anniversary, being fifty years since the premiere of the original series in 1968. On August 13, 2018, it was announced that the season would have an advanced premiere screening along with an advanced premiere screening of ""Magnum P.I."" Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 9) The ninth season of the CBS police procedural drama series ""Hawaii Five-0"" premiered on September 28, 2018 for the 2018–19 television season. CBS renewed the series for a ninth season in April 2018.

that Kimee Balmilero and Taylor Wily will make guest appearances as their ""Hawaii Five-0"" characters in episodes one and two of ""Magnum P.I."" respectively. Meanwhile, Alex O'Loughlin is set to cross paths with Jay Hernandez's character, Thomas Magnum, later in the season. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season. Peter M. Lenkov returned as executive producer and showrunner after signing a new multi-year deal with CBS. On July 9, 2018, it was announced that the ninth season is set to premiere on September 28, 2018 for the 2018–19 television season. The season is expected to

"Love & Hip Hop: New York (season 8)"
Love & Hip Hop: New York (season 8) The eighth season of the reality television series """" aired on VH1 from October 30, 2017 until March 12, 2018. The show was primarily filmed in New York City, New York. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, Mala Chapple, David DiGangi, and Lauren Veteri for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz, Liz Fine and Vivian Gomez for VH1. The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the New York area, involved in hip hop music. It consists

Rust
take up more volume than the original metal; this expansion can generate enormous forces, damaging structures made with iron. See ""economic effect"" for more details. The rusting of iron is an electrochemical process that begins with the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen. The iron is the reducing agent (gives up electrons) while the oxygen is the oxidising agent (gains electrons). The rate of corrosion is affected by water and accelerated by electrolytes, as illustrated by the effects of road salt on the corrosion of automobiles. The key reaction is the reduction of oxygen: Because it forms hydroxide ions,

Deoxidization
Deoxidization Deoxidization is a method used in metallurgy to remove the oxygen content during steel manufacturing. In contrast, antioxidants are used for stabilization, such as in the storage of food. Deoxidation is important in the steelmaking process as oxygen is often detrimental to the quality of steel produced. Deoxidization is mainly achieved by adding a separate chemical species to neutralize the effects of oxygen or by directly removing the oxygen. Oxidation is the process of an element losing electrons. For example, iron will transfer two of its electrons to oxygen, forming an oxide. This occurs all throughout as an unintended

"Anaerobic corrosion"
Anaerobic corrosion Hydrogen corrosion is a form of metal corrosion occurring in the presence of anoxic water. Hydrogen corrosion involves a redox reaction that reduces hydrogen ions, forming molecular hydrogen. Metals enter aqueous solution and are oxidized. ""Oxidation reaction (pH independent):"" ""Reduction reaction in acid solution:"" In an acidic solution, the water molecules are protonated and the hydronium ions (HO) are directly reduced into H. ""Reduction reaction in neutral or slightly alkaline solution:"" In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, the protons of water are reduced into molecular hydrogen giving rise to the production of hydroxide ions responsible of the

Iron
free iron in the blood. High blood levels of free ferrous iron react with peroxides to produce highly reactive free radicals that can damage DNA, proteins, lipids, and other cellular components. Iron toxicity occurs when the cell contains free iron, which generally occurs when iron levels exceed the availability of transferrin to bind the iron. Damage to the cells of the gastrointestinal tract can also prevent them from regulating iron absorption, leading to further increases in blood levels. Iron typically damages cells in the heart, liver and elsewhere, causing adverse effects that include coma, metabolic acidosis, shock, liver failure, coagulopathy,

Iron
effect cannot occur. Thus, while hemoglobin is almost saturated with oxygen in the high partial pressures of oxygen found in the lungs, its affinity for oxygen is much lower than that of myoglobin, which oxygenates even at low partial pressures of oxygen found in muscle tissue. As described by the Bohr effect (named after Christian Bohr, the father of Niels Bohr), the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin diminishes in the presence of carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide and phosphorus trifluoride are poisonous to humans because they bind to hemoglobin similarly to oxygen, but with much more strength, so that oxygen can no

poured. Slag, a byproduct left over after the smelting process, is used to further absorb impurities such as sulfur or oxides and protect steel from further oxidation. However, it can still be responsible for some oxidation. Some processes, while still able to lead to oxidation, are not relevant to the oxygen content of steel during its manufacture. For example, rust is a red iron oxide that forms when the iron in steel reacts with the oxygen or water in the air. This usually only occurs once the steel has been in use for varying degrees of time. Some physical components

"Iron cycle"
Iron cycle In ecology or geoscience, the iron cycle ""(Fe)"" is the biogeochemical cycle of iron through landforms, the atmosphere, and oceans. The iron cycle affects dust deposition and aerosol iron bioavailability. Iron ranges in oxidation states from -2 to +7; however, in Earth's crust it is predominantly in its +2 (ferrous) or +3 (ferric) redox state. The cycling of iron between its ferrous and ferric oxidation states is referred to as the iron cycle. This process can be entirely abiotic, or facilitated by microorganisms. Some examples of this include the rusting of iron-bearing metals (in this case Fe is

Rust
protective to the iron below, but not to the extent of other oxides, such as aluminum. Rust is another name for iron oxide, which occurs when iron or an alloy that contains iron, like steel, is exposed to oxygen and moisture for a long period of time. Over time, the oxygen combines with the metal at an atomic level, forming a new compound called an oxide and weakening the bonds of the metal itself. Although some people refer to rust generally as ""oxidation"", that term is much more general; although rust forms when iron undergoes oxidation, not all oxidation forms

Rust
ferrous oxide layer to rust results from the combined action of two agents, usually oxygen and water. Other degrading solutions are sulfur dioxide in water and carbon dioxide in water. Under these corrosive conditions, iron hydroxide species are formed. Unlike ferrous oxides, the hydroxides do not adhere to the bulk metal. As they form and flake off from the surface, fresh iron is exposed, and the corrosion process continues until either all of the iron is consumed or all of the oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, or sulfur dioxide in the system are removed or consumed. When iron rusts, the oxides

precipitation of the slightly soluble ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)). This finally leads to the global reaction of the anaerobic corrosion of iron in water: Under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction: The well crystallized magnetite (FeO) is thermodynamically more stable than the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) ). This process also occurs during the anaerobic corrosion of iron and steel in oxygen-free groundwater and in reducing soils below the water table. Anaerobic corrosion Hydrogen corrosion is a form of metal

"History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830"
general merchandise. The line was in length, had 100 passing loops along its single track, and four branch lines to collieries. It opened on 27 September 1825. The first train was hauled by Stephenson's ""Locomotion No 1"" at speeds of . Four locomotives named ""Locomotion"" were constructed; they were effectively beam engines on wheels with vertical cylinders. They were also amongst the first locomotives to use coupling rods rather than chains to drive their wheels. The railway was initially operated like a public road, and it was a common occurrence for waggoners' trains to meet on the single track, leading

"History of rail transport in Great Britain"
A year later, George Stephenson improved on that design with his first locomotive ""Blücher"", which was the first locomotive to use single-flanged wheels. That design persuaded the backers of the proposed Stockton and Darlington Railway to appoint Stephenson as Engineer for the line in 1821. While traffic was originally intended to be horse-drawn, Stephenson carried out a fresh survey of the route to allow steam haulage. The Act was subsequently amended to allow the usage of steam locomotives and also to allow passengers to be carried on the railway. The 25-mile (40 km) long route opened on 27 September 1825

to arguments as to who should back up to a passing loop. The first public steam railway in Scotland was the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway. An Act of Parliament authorising the railway was passed in 1824, and it opened in 1826 as a gauge, Scotch gauge, railway. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) was the world's first intercity passenger railway in which all the trains were timetabled and operated by steam locomotives. This differed from the Stockton and Darlington, as sections of this line employed cable haulage, and only the coal trains were hauled by locomotives. Further, horse-drawn traffic could

obsolete when William Jessop began to manufacture cast iron rails without guiding ledges - the wheels of the carts had flanges instead. Cast iron is brittle and so the rails tended to break easily. Consequently, in 1820, John Birkenshaw introduced a method of rolling wrought iron rails, which were used from then onwards. The first passenger-carrying public railway was opened by the Swansea and Mumbles Railway at Oystermouth in 1807, using horse-drawn carriages on an existing tramline. In 1802, Richard Trevithick designed and built the first (unnamed) steam locomotive to run on smooth rails. The first commercially successful steam locomotive

and, with the aid of Stephenson's ""Locomotion No 1"", was the first locomotive-hauled public railway in the world. In 1830 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened. This set the pattern for modern railways. It was the world's first inter-city passenger railway and the first to have 'scheduled' services, terminal stations and services as we know them today. The railways carried freight and passengers with also the world's first goods terminal station at the Park Lane railway goods station at Liverpool's south docks, accessed by the 1.26 mile Wapping Tunnel. In 1836, at the Liverpool end the line was extended to

Liverpool, sometime around 1600, possibly as early as 1594. Owned by Philip Layton, the line carried coal from a pit near Prescot Hall to a terminus about half a mile away. Another wagonway was Sir Francis Willoughby's Wollaton Wagonway in Nottinghamshire built between 1603 and 1604 to carry coal. As early as 1671 railed roads were in use in Durham to ease the conveyance of coal; the first of these was the Tanfield Wagonway. Many of these ""tramroads"" or ""wagon ways"" were built in the 17th and 18th centuries. They used simply straight and parallel rails of timber on which

History of rail transport in Great Britain The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s. The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century. These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or were bought

use the Stockton and Darlington upon payment of a toll. The passenger-carrying Canterbury and Whitstable Railway opened three months before the L&MR. However, it used cable haulage by stationary steam engines over much of its length, with steam locomotives restricted to the level stretch. The L&MR was primarily built to provide faster transport of raw materials and finished goods between the port of Liverpool and mills in Manchester in north-west England. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company was founded on 24 May 1823. The line was a remarkable engineering achievement for its time, beginning with the Wapping Tunnel beneath Liverpool

"History of the London Underground"
and then followed the culverted River Fleet in an open cutting to the new meat market at Smithfield. The railway opened to the public on 10 January 1863, using steam locomotives hauling wooden carriages. It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. In the first twelve months 9.5 million passengers were carried and in the second twelve months this increased to 12 million. The Met's early success prompted a flurry of applications to parliament in 1863 for new railways in London, many competing for similar routes.

Railway obtained an Act of Parliament on 21 May 1801 to build a tramroad between Wandsworth and Croydon in what is now south London; the engineer was William Jessop. Although it survived only until 1845 and was for freight traffic only, it prefaced many others in different parts of the country. Meanwhile, the first passenger-carrying public railway was the Oystermouth Railway, authorised in 1807. All three of these railways were initially worked by horses; the Surrey Iron Railway remained horse-drawn throughout its life. The Kilmarnock and Troon Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament on 27 May 1808 and was

shared process of constitutional amendment. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force. Since the Constitution came into force in 1789, it has been amended 27 times, including an amendment to repeal a previous one, in order to meet the needs of a nation that has profoundly changed since the eighteenth century. In general, the first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government.

"Constitutional amendment"
before and after the results were finalized for the same reasons. Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the federal Constitution may be altered. Twenty-seven amendments have been added (appended as codicils) to the Constitution. Amendment proposals may be adopted and sent to the states for ratification by either: All thirty-three amendment proposals that have been sent to the states for ratification since the establishment of the Constitution have come into being via the Congress. State legislatures have however, at various times, used their power to apply for a national convention in order to pressure Congress

in Article V. Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been approved by the Congress and sent to the states for ratification. Twenty-seven of these amendments have been ratified and are now part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states and are not part of the Constitution. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its

own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it. All totaled, approximately 11,539 measures to amend the Constitution have been proposed in Congress since 1789 (through December 16, 2014). Article V provides two methods for amending the nation's frame of government. The first method authorizes Congress, ""whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary"" (a two-thirds of those members present—assuming that a quorum exists at the time that the vote is cast—and not necessarily a two-thirds vote of the entire membership elected and serving in the two houses of Congress), to

"The Liberty Amendments"
The Liberty Amendments The Liberty Amendments: Restoring the American Republic is a book by the American talk radio host and lawyer Mark Levin, published in 2013. In it, Levin lays out and makes a case for eleven Constitutional amendments which he believes would restore the Constitution’s chief components: federalism, republicanism, and limited government. The eleven amendments proposed by Levin: Levin would have these amendments proposed to the states by a convention of the states as described in Article Five of the Constitution. The book debuted at #1 on ""The New York Times"" Best Seller list in all three categories for

regime principles proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence. This dual reference can also be found in the Articles of Confederation and the Northwest Ordinance. The closing endorsement serves an authentication function only. It neither assigns powers to the federal government nor does it provide specific limitations on government action. It does however, provide essential documentation of the Constitution's validity, a statement of ""This is what was agreed to."" It records who signed the Constitution, and when and where. The Constitution has twenty-seven amendments. Structurally, the Constitution's original text and all prior amendments remain untouched. The precedent for this practice was

set in 1789, when Congress considered and proposed the first several Constitutional amendments. Among these, Amendments 1–10 are collectively known as the Bill of Rights, and Amendments 13–15 are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Excluding the Twenty-seventh Amendment, which was pending before the states for , the longest pending amendment that was successfully ratified was the Twenty-second Amendment, which took . The Twenty-sixth Amendment was ratified in the shortest time, days. The average ratification time for the first twenty-six amendments was 1 year, 252 days, for all twenty-seven, 9 years, 48 days. A proposed amendment becomes an operative part of

latter two campaigns came very close to meeting the two-thirds threshold in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. After being officially proposed, either by Congress or a national convention of the states, a constitutional amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of the states. Congress is authorized to choose whether a proposed amendment is sent to the state legislatures or to state ratifying conventions for ratification. Amendments ratified by the states under either procedure are indistinguishable and have equal validity as part of the Constitution. Of the 33 amendments submitted to the states for ratification, the state convention method has been

which it qualified. The Liberty Amendments The Liberty Amendments: Restoring the American Republic is a book by the American talk radio host and lawyer Mark Levin, published in 2013. In it, Levin lays out and makes a case for eleven Constitutional amendments which he believes would restore the Constitution’s chief components: federalism, republicanism, and limited government. The eleven amendments proposed by Levin: Levin would have these amendments proposed to the states by a convention of the states as described in Article Five of the Constitution. The book debuted at #1 on ""The New York Times"" Best Seller list in all

United States Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments

"It Must Have Been Love"
It Must Have Been Love ""It Must Have Been Love"" is a song written by Per Gessle and performed by the Swedish pop duo Roxette. The power ballad became the duo's third number one hit in the United States, and is one of their best selling releases, being certified gold or platinum in a number of countries. Four different versions of the song have been officially released. The original 1987 track was followed by the most successful incarnation of the song, a slightly edited version – omitting the Christmas references – which was created for the soundtrack to the 1990

the twenty-fifth anniversary of the song's release on the ""Pretty Woman"" soundtrack, Parlophone released a limited edition red-coloured vinyl on 19 May 2015. This single included the ""Pretty Woman"" version of the song, backed with the original 1987 release and the Los Angeles-studio performance (minus the live intro recorded in Santiago, Chile) from their 1992 album ""Tourism"". The latter features pedal steel guitar performed by Greg Leisz, who is best known for his work with k.d. lang. The single was released on digital download stores from 23 March. All songs written and composed by Per Gessle. Credits adapted from the

except ""Cry"", music by Fredriksson and Gessle. Roxette released a Spanish-language compilation album, ""Baladas en español"", in 1996. It consisted of twelve of their down-tempo singles and album tracks, which were translated by Spanish songwriter Luis Gomez-Escolar, who would later co-write the Ricky Martin hit ""Livin' la Vida Loca"". The album was only released in Spanish and Portuguese-speaking territories. A translated version of ""It Must Have Been Love"", titled ""No sé si es amor"", was released in early 1997 as the album's second and final single. Music and original lyrics by Per Gessle. Spanish lyrics by Luis G. Escolar. On

"It Must Be Love (Don Williams song)"
It Must Be Love (Don Williams song) ""It Must Be Love"" is a single by American country music artist Don Williams. Released in 1979, the single was Williams' ninth Number One single on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles charts. In 2000, country music artist Alan Jackson recorded a cover of the song. Like Williams' version before it, Alan's cover also reached Number One on the ""Billboard"" country charts, a position that it held for one week. It also managed to reach the Top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #37. ""It Must Be Love"" debuted at number

duo to ""come up with an intelligent Christmas single"". It became a top five hit in Sweden, but was not released internationally. This version of the song was never included on any Roxette studio album until the 1997 re-release of their debut ""Pearls of Passion"" (1986). A performance from a Swedish TV chart show in 1987 acted as the song's first music video. It features Fredriksson and Gessle sitting on a couch on a stage, lip-syncing to the song. All songs written and composed by Per Gessle, except where noted. During a run of increasingly successful singles from the duo's

68 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 29, 2000. It Must Be Love (Don Williams song) ""It Must Be Love"" is a single by American country music artist Don Williams. Released in 1979, the single was Williams' ninth Number One single on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles charts. In 2000, country music artist Alan Jackson recorded a cover of the song. Like Williams' version before it, Alan's cover also reached Number One on the ""Billboard"" country charts, a position that it held for one week. It also managed to reach the

"It's Over (Roy Orbison song)"
It's Over (Roy Orbison song) ""It's Over"" is an American song composed by Roy Orbison and Bill Dees and sung by Orbison. Produced by Fred Foster and engineered by Bill Porter, the song was released as a 45rpm single by Monument Records in 1964, ""It's Over"" typifies the operatic rock ballad. The single entered the United States ""Cashbox"" chart on April 11, 1964, peaking at No.10 (on May 23, 1964), and reached No. 9 on the ""Billboard"" pop music chart. Meanwhile, after entering the United Kingdom singles chart on April 30, 1964, ""It's Over"" reached No. 1 on June 25,

hit during the summer of 1990. It was not the first single released from the ""Pretty Woman"" soundtrack, but it became the most successful, spending two weeks at the top spot of the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in June. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA for sales in excess of 500,000 copies in the US. At the end of the year, ""Billboard"" listed it as the second most successful single of 1990, behind Wilson Phillips' ""Hold On"". The single peaked at number three in the UK—their highest peaking single there. It stayed on the UK Singles Chart for 14

"Love Is Lost"
Love Is Lost ""Love Is Lost"" is a song by English rock musician David Bowie from his album ""The Next Day"". James Murphy's ""Hello Steve Reich Mix for the DFA"" was released as the fifth single from Bowie's 24th studio album ""The Next Day"" as a promotion for ""The Next Day Extra"", a special edition of bonus tracks, remixes, and music videos. The remix version of the song contains cut and looped samples from a new recording of Steve Reich's 1972 piece ""Clapping Music"" performed by Murphy and three other musicians, plus a sample from Bowie's 1980 hit ""Ashes to

weeks, and was certified silver by the BPI for sales in excess of 200,000 copies. The song was re-released in the UK and Ireland in September 1993 to tie in with the TV premiere of ""Pretty Woman"", peaking at number ten in both countries. It became Roxette's second of three number one singles in Australia, spending two weeks at the top spot in July 1990. The song was a massive hit in Norway, where it spent twelve weeks at number one. In Switzerland, the song spent three non-consecutive weeks at number one, and a further five weeks at number two—being

who invented the first computer game in 1962 and what was the name of the game

"Early history of video games"
the device was invented, the earliest known written computer game was developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948, a chess simulation called Turochamp, though it was never actually implemented on a computer as the code was too complicated to run on the machines of the time. Turing tested the code in a game in 1952 where he mimicked the operation of the code in a real chess game against an opponent, but was never able to run the program on a computer. The earliest known publicly demonstrated electronic game was created in 1950. ""Bertie the Brain"" was an

"PC game"
tic-tac-toe for the EDSAC, debuted in 1952. Another pioneer computer game was developed in 1961, when MIT students Martin Graetz and Alan Kotok, with MIT student Steve Russell, developed ""Spacewar!"" on a PDP-1 mainframe computer used for statistical calculations. The first generation of computer games were often text adventures or interactive fiction, in which the player communicated with the computer by entering commands through a keyboard. An early text-adventure, ""Adventure"", was developed for the PDP-11 minicomputer by Will Crowther in 1976, and expanded by Don Woods in 1977. By the 1980s, personal computers had become powerful enough to run games

determine interest and optimal per-game pricing. Only prototype units were ever built, though the second prototype was adapted to run up to eight games at once; a few months before the initial installation at Stanford in November 1971, the pair met with Nolan Bushnell, who informed them of his own game he was making for a much lower price. That game was ""Computer Space"", developed by Bushnell and Ted Dabney. They had found the Data General Nova, a US$4,000 computer that they thought would be powerful enough to run four games of ""Spacewar"" at once; the computer turned out to

"Computer program"
numbers using the Analytical Engine. This note is recognized by some historians as the world's first written computer program. In 1936, Alan Turing introduced the Universal Turing machine—a theoretical device that can model every computation that can be performed on a Turing complete computing machine. It is a finite-state machine that has an infinitely long read/write tape. The machine can move the tape back and forth, changing its contents as it performs an algorithm. The machine starts in the initial state, goes through a sequence of steps, and halts when it encounters the halt state. This machine is considered by

game written in BASIC by John Kemeny in 1965; a BASIC bingo game by Larry Bethurum in 1966; a basketball simulation game written in BASIC by Charles R. Bacheller in May 1967; another baseball game that simulates the 1967 World Series written in BASIC by Jacob Bergmann in August 1967; ""Space Travel"", written by Ken Thompson for a Multics system in 1969 and which led in part to the development of the Unix operating system; and ""Hamurabi"", a text-based FOCAL game written by Doug Dyment in 1968 and converted to BASIC by David H. Ahl in 1969, and one of

"Early mainframe games"
if initially developed on a mainframe. The very first computer games began to appear in the 1950s, starting with ""Bertie the Brain"", a computer-based game of tic-tac-toe built by Dr. Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. While the status of these games as video games depends on the definition used, the games developed during this time period ran on the large antecedents of mainframe computers and were primarily developed for the purposes of academic research or to showcase the technological development of the computers on which they ran. Access to these computers, located almost exclusively in universities and

"Video game development"
first games created had little entertainment value, and their development focus was separate from user experience—in fact, these games required mainframe computers to play them. ""OXO"", written by Alexander S. Douglas in 1952, was the first computer game to use a digital display. In 1958, a game called ""Tennis for Two"", which displayed its output on an oscilloscope, was made by Willy Higinbotham, a physicist working at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1961, a mainframe computer game called ""Spacewar!"" was developed by a group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology students led by Steve Russell. True commercial design and development of

"History of video games"
the Tech Model Railroad Club, conducting their own experiments on the computer. In 1961, MIT received one of the first PDP-1 computers, which incorporated a relatively sophisticated point-plotting monitor. MIT provided a similar level of access to the computer for students as it did for the TX-0, resulting in the creation of the first (relatively) widespread, and thus influential, computer game, ""Spacewar!"" Conceived by Steve Russell, Martin Graetz, and Wayne Wiitanen in 1961 and programmed primarily by Russell, Saunders, Graetz, Samson, and Dan Edwards in the first half of 1962, ""Spacewar!"" was inspired by the science fiction stories of E.

#2,455,992. The earliest known electronic computer games actually implemented were two custom built machines called ""Bertie the Brain"" and Nimrod, which played tic-tac-toe and the game of Nim, respectively. ""Bertie the Brain"", designed and built by Josef Kates at Rogers Majestic, was displayed at the Canadian National Exhibition in 1950, while Nimrod, conceived by John Bennett at Ferranti and built by Raymond Stuart-Williams, was displayed at the Festival of Britain and the Berlin Industrial Show in 1951. Neither game incorporated a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. Before these, automated games like the simple chess simulator El Ajedrecista (1914) and Nimrod's

"Spirit in the Sky"
Spirit in the Sky ""Spirit in the Sky"" is a song written and originally recorded by Norman Greenbaum and released in late 1969. The single became a gold record, selling two million copies from 1969 to 1970 and reached number three on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart (April 18, 1970), where it lasted for 15 weeks in the Top 100. ""Billboard"" ranked the record the No. 22 song of 1970. It also climbed to number one on the UK, Australian and Canadian charts in 1970. ""Rolling Stone"" ranked ""Spirit in the Sky"" No. 333 on its list of the

"Norman Greenbaum"
Norman Greenbaum Norman Joel Greenbaum (born November 20, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter. He is best known for writing and performing the 1969 song ""Spirit in the Sky"". Greenbaum was born in Malden, Massachusetts. He was raised in an Orthodox Jewish household and attended Hebrew school at Congregation Beth Israel. His initial interest in music was sparked by southern blues music and the folk music that was popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He performed with various bands in high school and studied music at Boston University for two years. In college he performed at local coffeehouses but

"Great Spirit"
of the most well known prophets' prophecies took place in the early 1800s. The Shawnee Prophet occurred in 1824. Tenskwatawa, a religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, warned the Governor of Michigan, Lewis Cass, that the children of the Shawnees tribe would carry the ""sacred flame"". This flame would end the world as it was between the Native Americans and Whites. Once the destruction was complete, the Great Spirit would restructure and repopulate the world in the way it was believed that it should be. Another well-known story happened in 1827 and involves William Clark and Kennekuk, a

"The Vision and the Voice"
The Vision and the Voice The Vision and the Voice (Liber 418) chronicles the mystical journey of Aleister Crowley (1875–1947) as he explored the 30 Enochian Æthyrs originally developed by Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelley in the 16th century. These visions took place at two times: in 1900 during his stay in Mexico, and later in 1909 in Algeria in the company of poet Victor Benjamin Neuburg. Of all his works, Crowley considered this book to be second in importance behind ""The Book of the Law"", the text that established his religious and philosophical system of Thelema in 1904.

Spirit might be called Earthgrasper, Earthmaker, Gisha Munetoa, Gitchi Manido, or simply ""The Creator"". An Algonquin legend speaks of a Delaware Indian called Eroneniera that travels to meet The Great Spirit. Upon meeting, The Great Spirit tells Eroneniera that he is the ""Maker of Heaven and Earth…because I love you…the land on which you are, I have made for you"" (Schoolcraft.1856). The Great Spirit teaches him a prayer to share with his people that they should repeat it every morning and night. The stories of the Native American helped explain mysteries and abstract ideas. The stories also explained weather, animals,

"The Spirit (film)"
song was originally sung and popularized by Marlene Dietrich in the film ""The Blue Angel"" (1930) and has been covered by Billie Holiday (1940), Doris Day (1961), and Sammy Davis Jr. (1962). The trailers for the film feature music from the ""I Choose Noise"" album by Hybrid. Soundtrack track list: At the New York Comic Con on February 24, 2007, director-screenwriter Frank Miller and producer Michael Uslan were scheduled to present a panel for ""The Spirit"", though Miller was unable to attend due to recuperation from hip and leg injuries. Instead, Uslan, fellow producer F.J. DeSanto, and former ""The Spirit""

500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song was featured on the 1969 album of the same name. Cover versions by Doctor and the Medics and Gareth Gates have also made the number 1 spot in the UK. ""Spirit in the Sky"" makes several references to Jesus, although Greenbaum is Jewish. In a 2006 interview with the ""New York Times"", Greenbaum told a reporter he was inspired to write the song after watching Porter Wagoner singing a gospel song on TV. Greenbaum said: ""I thought, 'Yeah, I could do that,' knowing nothing about gospel music, so I sat down and

wrote my own gospel song. It came easy. I wrote the words in 15 minutes."" Greenbaum had previously been a member of psychedelic jug band Dr. West's Medicine Show and Junk Band. When they split up he won a solo contract with producer Erik Jacobsen for Reprise Records. Jacobsen had previously worked with The Lovin' Spoonful and the song was included on Greenbaum's first solo album. The song's arrangement came together in the studio in San Francisco where lead guitarist Russell DaShiell, bass player Doug Killmer from the band Crowfoot and drummer Norman Mayell from the band Sopwith Camel worked

""The Vision and the Voice"" is the source of many of the central spiritual doctrines of Thelema, especially in the visions of Babalon and her consort Chaos (the ""All-Father""), as well as an account of how an individual might cross the Abyss, thereby assuming the title of ""Master of the Temple"" and taking a place in the City of the Pyramids under the Night of Pan. The Vision and the Voice The Vision and the Voice (Liber 418) chronicles the mystical journey of Aleister Crowley (1875–1947) as he explored the 30 Enochian Æthyrs originally developed by Dr. John Dee and

"James Merrill"
the Archangel Michael. Channeling voices through a Ouija board ""made me think twice about the imagination,"" Merrill later explained. ""If the ""spirits"" aren't external, how astonishing the ""mediums"" become! Victor Hugo said of his voices that they were like his own mental powers multiplied by five."" In Langdon Hammer's ""James Merrill: Life and Art"", Hammer quoted Alison Lurie's writing of her experience with the Ouija board in ""Familiar Spirits: A Memoir of James Merrill and David Jackson"" as: Lurie's response after reading Merrill and Jackson's collaborative effort in ""The Changing Light at Sandover"": """"I sometimes had the feeling that my

"Test of English as a Foreign Language"
Test of English as a Foreign Language Test of English as a Foreign Language® (TOEFL ) is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by many English-speaking academic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS. TOEFL is a trademark of the Educational Testing Service (ETS), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. ETS issues official score reports, sent independently to institutions, for two years following the test. In 1962,

"International Test of English Proficiency"
International Test of English Proficiency The International Test of English Proficiency or iTEP is a language assessment tool that measures the English skills of non-native English speakers. The test is supported by more than 700 institutions including the California State University system. The test is available in more than 40 countries, and is also used by businesses, and governments such as Saudi Arabia, Colombia, and Mexico for large-scale initiatives. There are over 600 iTEP test centers worldwide, with more than 100 in China where iTEP has partnerships with some of the largest education companies in the country. iTEP International was

"Occupational English Test"
Occupational English Test The Occupational English Test (also known as OET) is an international English language test for the healthcare sector. It assesses the language communication skills of healthcare professionals who wish to register and practise in an English-speaking environment. OET is available for the following 12 professions: dentistry, dietetics, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, optometry, pharmacy, physiotherapy, podiatry, radiography, speech pathology, and veterinary science. OET was designed in the late 1980s by Professor Tim McNamara, under the guidance of the Australian National Office for Overseas Skills Recognition (NOOSR), which administered the test at that time. The test has been researched

61 (Bowling Green State University) to 110 (University of Oxford). ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores. ""TOEFL ITP"" (""ITP"" stands for ""Institutional Testing Program"") tests are paper-based and use academic content to evaluate the English-language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The tests use new and previously administered TOEFL test questions and are used for placement, progress, evaluation, exit testing and other situations. The test scores, format and content of the test matches the ""TOEFL PBT"", with the exception of not including the TWE (Test of Written Expression). Unlike the TOEFL iBT and PBT tests,

"International English Language Testing System"
International English Language Testing System The International English Language Testing System, or IELTS™ , is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge Assessment English, and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the major English-language tests in the world, others being the TOEFL, TOEIC, PTE:A, and OPI/OPIc. IELTS is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian and New Zealand academic institutions, by over 3,000 academic institutions in the United States, and by various professional organisations across the world. IELTS is the

"English Language Proficiency Test"
of spoken and written standard American English and the ability to function in a classroom where English is spoken. The test was intended for students whose best language was not English; who attend U.S. high schools, or who had studied in an international school where courses were taught in English; had completed two to four years of English language instruction in an English as a Second Language program or in English enrichment courses; and/or students who spoke a language other than English at home or work. It was scored on a scale of 901 to 999 English Language Proficiency Testing

co-founded by former ELS Language Centers President Perry Akins and business partner Sharif Ossayran. The test was first launched in 2008 for colleges, universities, and international programs. Versions for secondary schools and business use were soon added, followed by English tests for specific industries such as hospitality and au pair. There are three iTEP exams for use in educational settings: iTEP Academic is used on-site by intensive English programs (IEPs) for placement, progress, and exit evaluation. It is also used by colleges and universities for admissions purposes. iTEP SLATE evaluates high school, secondary school, and middle school students, and is

are consulted to ensure that tasks are based on a typical workplace situations and the demands of the profession. A full list of research can be seen on the official website Occupational English Test The Occupational English Test (also known as OET) is an international English language test for the healthcare sector. It assesses the language communication skills of healthcare professionals who wish to register and practise in an English-speaking environment. OET is available for the following 12 professions: dentistry, dietetics, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, optometry, pharmacy, physiotherapy, podiatry, radiography, speech pathology, and veterinary science. OET was designed in the

introduction in late 2005, the TOEFL Internet-based Test (iBT) format has progressively replaced the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The TOEFL iBT test has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid. Initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months. It is now possible to take

"Language assessment"
Program (CELPIP) Test, the Pearson Language Test's ""Pearson Test of English"" (PTE), CaMLA assessments including the ""Michigan English Language Assessment Battery"" (MELAB) and Cambridge English Language Assessment, the British Council and the Australian IDP's ""International English Language Testing System"" (IELTS). In the United States, non-profit and other organizations such as the Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. and Language Testing International, White Plains, NY have developed language tests that are used by many public and private agencies. Many universities too, like the University of California, Los Angeles, Teachers College, Columbia University, and the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, have developed English

"Paulina Singer"
Paulina Singer Paulina Singer is an American actress, known for her roles as Grace Bledsoe on WE tv's horror drama series ""South of Hell"" and Jessie Tyler on Freeform's teen drama series ""Dead of Summer"". Singer was born and raised in Exeter, New Hampshire. Her father is African American and her mother is of Ukrainian descent. She studied for a year at Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts in New York City before dropping out to pursue an acting career. At 19, Singer joined the Upright Citizens Brigade to study improvisational theatre. In 2015, Singer was cast

"Rachel Bloom"
suffers from similar illnesses, and the show addresses these issues. Rachel Bloom Rachel Leah Bloom (born April 3, 1987) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, and comedian. She wrote and plays the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in The CW comedy-drama series ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"", for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. She also created the Hugo Award-nominated music video ""Fuck Me, Ray Bradbury"". Bloom was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Manhattan Beach, the daughter

Rachel Bloom Rachel Leah Bloom (born April 3, 1987) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, and comedian. She wrote and plays the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in The CW comedy-drama series ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"", for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. She also created the Hugo Award-nominated music video ""Fuck Me, Ray Bradbury"". Bloom was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Manhattan Beach, the daughter of Shelli (née Rosenberg) and Alan Bloom. Her mother is

"Julia Voth"
a custom made ""Resident Evil"" beret from a fan, Voth was inspired to do a photoshoot cosplaying as Valentine. Voth starred alongside America Olivo and Erin Cummings in the action film ""Bitch Slap"", playing the down-on-her-luck stripper named Trixie. She has also appeared on episodes of the TV series' ""Castle"", ""Supernatural"" and ""Huge"". Voth had a main role in the comedy sitcom ""Package Deal"", which ran for two seasons from 2013 to 2014. Voth is married to talent manager/film producer David Zonshine. Julia Voth Julia Voth (born May 16, 1985) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known

"Match Not Found"
programmer Doug (Connor Mills). As the trio hurtle from one dating disaster to the next, it’s clear that Kat’s friends are no experts in love either. Over various episodes the characters explore themes of love online and what it is to be single in your twenties in a world moving increasingly on to the internet. Match Not Found premiered on YouTube on 16 October 2015 and within two months had over half a million views. Katie Sheridan was nominated for best lead actor in a web series at the Raindance Film Festival 2016 for her portrayal of the role of

"Bre Blair"
Bre Blair Sarah Brianne ""Bre"" Blair (born April 29, 1980) is an actress. She is known for her roles as Stacey in the 1995 film ""The Baby-Sitters Club"", and as Jessie West in the 2016 television drama series ""Game of Silence"". Her first major role was portraying Stacey McGill in the 1995 movie ""The Baby-Sitters Club"". Blair appeared in an episode of ""Love, Inc."", as the character Claire. She has also appeared in the ""Psych"" episode ""Shawn vs. the Red Phantom"", on ""Nip/Tuck"" as Janet, and in ""The O.C."" episode ""The Shake Up"" as Carrie Spitz. She also appeared in

"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 3)"
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 3) The third season of ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"" premiered on The CW on October 13, 2017 and ran for 13 episodes until February 16, 2018. The season stars Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Bunch, a distraught young woman who is dealing with the fallout of being left at the altar. Vincent Rodriguez III, Donna Lynne Champlin, Pete Gardner, Vella Lovell, Gabrielle Ruiz, David Hull, and Scott Michael Foster co-star. Every song listed is performed by Rebecca, except where indicated. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a third season on January 8, 2017. On April 5, 2017, it was announced

"Emily Meade"
contest Zecchino d'Oro. The song won the ""Zecchino d'Argento"" prize for the best non-Italian song. She then starred in ""My Soul to Take"", directed by Wes Craven. Co-stars included Max Thieriot and Nick Lashaway. She starred in the 2010 release, ""Twelve"" as a drug addicted teenager. Meade appeared in the independent drama, ""Bluebird"", in 2013. She had a supporting role in the first season of the HBO drama, ""The Leftovers"". In 2016, she portrayed Sydney in the film ""Nerve"" starring Dave Franco and Emma Roberts. Emily Meade Emily Meade (born January 10, 1989) is an American film and television actress.

"Charlie Murphy (actress)"
Charlie Murphy (actress) Charlotte Murphy (born 30 November 1989) is an Irish actress. She is best known for playing the lead role of Siobhán Delaney in the hit RTÉ drama ""Love/Hate"" for which she won the 2013 Irish Film and Television Award for Best TV Actress, and as Ann Gallagher in the acclaimed BBC One drama ""Happy Valley"". She is currently appearing in the BBC One historical crime drama television series ""Peaky Blinders"". Murphy was born on 30 November 1989 in Enniscorthy, County Wexford, one of six children. Her parents, Pat and Brenda Murphy, own a hair salon. They moved

"Rachel Alana Handler"
Rachel Alana Handler Rachel Alana Handler is an American actress, singer and motivational speaker who is best known for playing Chunks in the 2016 horror movie ""Smothered"". Handler was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Raised in Linwood, New Jersey, she is a graduate of Mainland Regional High School. She holds a Bachelor of Music degree in Vocal Performance from the Westminster Choir College. In her early career she performed with Kelli O'Hara at Carnegie Hall in “The Best of Lerner and Loewe” and had made appearances in Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway theatrical productions. On March 3, 2012, Handler was driving from her

in the series, ""The Winds of Winter"" and ""A Dream of Spring"". Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss will serve as showrunners for the eighth season. The directors for the eighth season were announced in September 2017. Miguel Sapochnik, who previously directed ""The Gift"" and ""Hardhome"" on season 5, as well as ""Battle of the Bastards"" and ""The Winds of Winter"" on season 6 will return as director. He will divide up direction of the first five episodes with David Nutter, who had directed two episodes on seasons two, three and five, including ""The Rains

of six episodes, and is expected to premiere later than usual for the same reason. Benioff and Weiss spoke about the end of the show, saying, ""From the beginning we've wanted to tell a 70-hour movie. It will turn out to be a 73-hour movie, but it's stayed relatively the same of having the beginning, middle and now we're coming to the end. It would have been really tough if we lost any core cast members along the way, I'm very happy we've kept everyone and we get to finish it the way we want to."" The season is scheduled

of Castamere"" and ""Mother's Mercy"". The final episode of the show will be directed by Benioff and Weiss, who have previously directed one episode each. At the show's South by Southwest panel on March 12, 2017, Benioff and Weiss announced the writers for the show to be Dave Hill (episode 1) and Bryan Cogman (episode 2). The showrunners will then divide up the screenplay for the remaining four episodes amongst themselves. Writing for the eighth season started with a 140-page outline. Benioff said that the divvying up process and who should write what section became more difficult because ""this would

"Vocea României (season 8)"
Team Smiley had fifteen contestants for the Battle rounds. The Battles rounds started with episode 9 on October 26, 2018. Coaches began narrowing down the playing field by training the contestants. Each battle concluding with the respective coach advancing one of the two or three contestants. Each coach could steal one losing contestant from another team. Color key: The ninth episode aired on October 26, 2018. The tenth episode aired on November 2, 2018. The eleventh episode aired on November 9, 2018. The twelfth episode aired on November 16, 2018. The remaining eight artists from each team were split up

"A Song of Ice and Fire"
Drama Series. The seventh season premiered on July 16, 2017. The eighth and final season is set to premiere in April 2019. ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" has spawned an industry of spin-off products. Fantasy Flight Games released a collectible card game, a board game, and two collections of artwork inspired by ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series. Various roleplaying game products were released by Guardians of Order and Green Ronin. Dynamite Entertainment adapted ""A Game of Thrones"" into a same-titled monthly comic in 2011. Several video games are available or in production, including """" (2011) and ""Game

"Founding Fathers of the United States"
Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of

Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

schools established in the U.S., Founders also sought advanced degrees from traditional institutions in England and Scotland such as the University of Edinburgh, the University of St. Andrews, and the University of Glasgow. Several like John Jay, James Wilson, John Williams and George Wythe were trained as lawyers through apprenticeships in the colonies while a few trained at the Inns of Court in London. Franklin, Washington, John Williams and Henry Wisner had little formal education and were largely self-taught or learned through apprenticeship. The great majority were born in the Thirteen Colonies. But at least nine were born outside: Many

Historian Gregg L. Frazer argues that the leading Founders (John Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Wilson, Morris, Madison, Hamilton, and Washington) were neither Christians nor Deists, but rather supporters of a hybrid ""theistic rationalism"". Many Founders deliberately avoided public discussion of their faith. Historian David L. Holmes uses evidence gleaned from letters, government documents, and second- hand accounts to identify their religious beliefs. The founding fathers were not unified on the issue of slavery. In her study of Thomas Jefferson, historian Annette Gordon-Reed discusses this topic, ""Others of the founders held slaves, but no other founder drafted the charter for freedom, ""

Hamilton was 21, Aaron Burr was 20, Gouverneur Morris was 24. The oldest were Benjamin Franklin, 70, and Samuel Whittemore, 81. Secretary Charles Thomson lived to the age of 94. Johnson died at 92. John Adams lived to the age of 90. A few – Franklin, Jay, Jefferson, Madison, Hugh Williamson, and George Wythe – lived into their eighties. Approximately 16 died in their seventies, 21 in their sixties, 8 in their fifties, and 5 in their forties. Three (Alexander Hamilton, Richard Dobbs Spaight and Button Gwinnett) were killed in duels. Friends and political adversaries John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

of Baptist affiliation among those who did attend. Of the 55 who did attend at some point, no more than 38 delegates showed up at one time. Only four (Baldwin, Gilman, Jenifer, and Alexander Martin) were lifelong bachelors. Many of their spouses, like Eliza Schuyler Hamilton, Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Sarah Livingston Jay, Dolley Madison, Mary White Morris and Catherine Alexander Duer were strong women who made significant contributions of their own to the fight for liberty. Sherman fathered the largest family: 15 children by two wives. At least nine (Bassett, Brearly, Johnson, Mason, Paterson, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Sherman, Wilson,

York. Seven (Fitzsimons, Gorham, Luther Martin, Mifflin, Robert Morris, Pierce, and Wilson) suffered serious financial reversals that left them in or near bankruptcy. Robert Morris spent three of the last years of his life imprisoned following bad land deals. Two, Blount and Dayton, were involved in possibly treasonous activities. Yet, as they had done before the convention, most of the group continued to render public service, particularly to the new government they had helped to create. Many of the Founding Fathers were under 40 years old at the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776: Alexander

of Founding Fathers include: 1) those who signed the Continental Association, a trade ban and one of the colonists' first collective volleys protesting British control and the Intolerable Acts in 1774 or 2) those who signed the Articles of Confederation, the first U.S. constitutional document. The phrase ""Founding Fathers"" is a 20th-century appellation, coined by Warren G. Harding in 1916. Prior to, and during the 19th century, they were referred to as simply the ""Fathers"". The term has been used to describe the founders and first settlers of the original royal colonies. The First Continental Congress met briefly in Philadelphia,

slaves whom he later manumitted. While serving in the Rhode Island Assembly, Stephen Hopkins introduced one of the earliest anti-slavery laws in the colonies, and John Jay would try unsuccessfully to abolish slavery as early as 1777 in the State of New York. He nonetheless founded the New York Manumission Society in 1785, for which Hamilton became an officer. They and other members of the Society founded the African Free School in New York City, to educate the children of free blacks and slaves. When Jay was governor of New York in 1798, he helped secure--an signed into law an

both died on the same day – July 4, 1826. The last remaining founders, also called the ""Last of the Romans"", lived well into the nineteenth century. The following men and women are also recognized by many as having been founders of the United States, based upon their contributions to the formation of American nation and democracy. Several Founding Fathers were instrumental in establishing schools and societal institutions that still exist today: Articles and books by twenty-first century historians combined with the digitization of primary sources like handwritten letters continue to contribute to an encyclopedic body of knowledge about the

"American football positions"
and receivers are also commonly known as skill position players or as eligible receivers (or eligible ball carriers). Offensive linemen are not eligible to advance the ball past the line of scrimmage during a play. The organization of the offense is strictly mandated by the rules; there must be at least seven players on the line of scrimmage and no more than four players (known collectively as ""backs"") behind it. The only players eligible to handle the ball during a normal play are the backs and the two players on the end of the line (the ""ends""). The remaining players

"End (gridiron football)"
End (gridiron football) An end in American and Canadian football is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles. Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on the end of the line constitutes an eligible receiver. Before the advent of two platoons, in which teams fielded distinct defensive and offensive units, players that lined up on the ends of the line on both offense and defense were referred to simply as ""ends"". The position was used

American football positions In American football each team has 11 players on the field at one time. The specific role that a player takes on the field is called his position. Under the modern rules of American football, teams are allowed unlimited substitutions; that is, teams may change any number of players after any play. This has resulted in the development of three ""platoons"" of players: the offense (the team with the ball, which is trying to score), the defense (the team trying to prevent the other team from scoring, and to take the ball from them), and the special

"Six-man football"
Furthermore, the game specifies a 15-yard distance (14-m) from the line of scrimmage to gain a first down, instead of the normal 10 yards (9 m). All six players are eligible to be receivers. On offense, three linemen are required on the line of scrimmage at the start of the play. The player to whom the ball is snapped cannot run the ball past the line of scrimmage; however, if the ball is tossed to another player, that player can run or throw the ball and the player to whom the ball was snapped is still an eligible receiver. All

when a player who is normally an offensive lineman takes a different position on the field. The offensive line consists of: The six backs and receivers are those that line up outside or behind the offensive line. There are four main positions in this set of players: Depending on the style of offense the coaches have designed, the game situation, and the relative skill sets of the players, teams may run formations which contain any number of running backs, wide receivers, and tight ends, so long as the mandated ""four backs and seven on the line"" rule is followed. For

"American football rules"
play and catch the ball, although they will also block in some instances. The players on offense must arrange themselves in a formation, all behind their line of scrimmage (that is, on their side of the ball). For reasons of safety and competitive balance, there are strict rules which define the way in which the offensive players may line up. Seven players must line up directly on the line of scrimmage while four players line up behind the line of scrimmage. Within this formation, there are six eligible receivers who may receive a forward pass during play. These eligible receivers

"Eight-man football"
games reaching the 70s and ""low scoring"" games falling below 30. Eight-man football is noted for producing multi-skilled players that are responsible for playing several positions, which require speed, agility, and strength. A variety of offensive formations can be used in eight-man football, most of which are converted from traditional eleven-man formations. Eight-man football rules require five players to be on the line of scrimmage with players on each end remaining pass eligible. The interior of the line consists of two guards and a center. Most often, the line players on the edges of the formation are tight ends, or

"Eight-in-the-box defense"
Eight-in-the-box defense In American football, an eight-in-the-box defense is a defensive alignment in which 8 of the 11 defensive players are close to the line of scrimmage. The area occupied by defensive linemen and linebackers is often referred to as ""the box"". The box is usually about 3-5 yards in depth and spans the offensive line in width. Normally five to seven defensive players occupy this area but frequently another player is brought into the box for run support against smashmouth-oriented offensive teams or short yardage situations. The most common occurrence of eight in the box in the NFL involves

many years, the standard set consisted of the quarterback, two running backs (a tailback/halfback and a fullback), two wide receivers (a flanker and a split end) and a tight end. Modern teams show a wide variety of formations, from a ""full house"" formation with three running backs, two tight ends, and no wide receivers, to ""spread"" formations featuring four or five wide receivers, sometimes without any running backs. The I formation is one of the most common. The defensive team or defense is the team that begins a play from scrimmage not in possession of the ball. The objective of

"World altitude record (mountaineering)"
before the successful attempt, Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans reached the South Summit before turning back due to malfunctioning oxygen apparatus. Their height of 8,760 m (28,750 ft) represented a new, short lived, altitude record, and can be seen as a summit record if this is taken to include minor tops as well as genuine mountains. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay finally reached the 8,848 m (29,029 ft) true summit on 29 May 1953, marking the final chapter in the history of the mountaineering altitude record. While the exact height of Everest's summit is subject to minor variation due to

"Chhang Dawa Sherpa"
Chhang Dawa Sherpa Dawa Sherpa (born Chhang Dawa Sherpa; July 30, 1982), nicknamed ""Dawa Sherpa"", is a Nepalese mountaineer and the youngest mountaineer to summit the 14 highest peaks. Dawa and his brother Mingma Sherpa together hold the world record as ""first brothers to summit the 14 highest peaks"", a single record shared by the two.<ref name=""http://news.nationalgeographicom""></ref> Chhang Dawa Sherpa was born and grew up in the rural village of Narbuchaur in Makalu Village of Sankhuwasabha District in Nepal. Dawa first reached the summit of Cho-Oyu (8201 m) in the autumn of 2000. The brothers followed their passion of climbing

"Apa Sherpa"
group found mountain communities that rely on subsistence farming were suffering the effects of climate change. Apa Sherpa Apa (born Lhakpa Tenzing Sherpa; 20 January 1960), nicknamed ""Super Sherpa"", is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer who, jointly with Phurba Tashionce held the record for reaching the summit of Mount Everest more times than any other person. As part of The Eco Everest Expedition 2011, Apa made his 21st Mount Everest summit in May 2011 then retired after a promise to his wife to stop climbing after 21 ascents. He first summited Everest in 1990 and his last time to the summit

Apa Sherpa Apa (born Lhakpa Tenzing Sherpa; 20 January 1960), nicknamed ""Super Sherpa"", is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer who, jointly with Phurba Tashionce held the record for reaching the summit of Mount Everest more times than any other person. As part of The Eco Everest Expedition 2011, Apa made his 21st Mount Everest summit in May 2011 then retired after a promise to his wife to stop climbing after 21 ascents. He first summited Everest in 1990 and his last time to the summit was in 2011. Apa met Edmund Hillary many times, and was on the Expedition with his

"Seven Summits"
Pyramid, thus becoming the first and only people to have skied both lists. Indian mountaineer Malli Mastan Babu also had the eminence of setting a Guinness world record by surmounting the Seven Summits in 172 days in 2006. The world record for completion of the Messner and Bass list was 136 days, by Danish climber Henrik Kristiansen in 2008. Kristiansen completed the summits in the following order: Vinson on Jan 21, Aconcagua on Feb 6, Kosciuszko on Feb 13, Kilimanjaro on Mar 1, Carstensz Pyramid on Mar 14, Elbrus on May 8, Everest on May 25, spending just 22 days

"Phurba Tashi"
Phurba Tashi Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa (, 1971) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer known for his numerous ascents of major Himalayan peaks. He holds the record for the most total ascents of eight-thousanders, with 30. These include twenty-one ascents of Mount Everest, five on Cho Oyu, two on Manaslu, and one each on Shishapangma and Lhotse. In 2009 Tashi was featured in the Discovery Channel series """". He is the central figure in the 2015 documentary ""Sherpa"" which recounts events surrounding the 2014 Mount Everest ice avalanche, after which Tashi retired. He reached the summit of Everest 21 times, including

"Premlata Agarwal"
Premlata Agarwal Premlata Agrawal (born 1963) is the first Indian woman to scale the Seven Summits, the seven highest continental peaks of the world. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2013 and Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award in 2017 for her achievements in the field of Mountaineering. On 20 May 2011, she became the oldest Indian woman to have scaled the world's tallest peak, Mount Everest (29,029 ft.), at the age of 48 years at that time while Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl hailing from Jammu and Kashmir broke her record on 19 May 2018 and

stayed at base camp and worked for Russel Brice with his Himex guide firm. Phurba Tashi Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa (, 1971) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer known for his numerous ascents of major Himalayan peaks. He holds the record for the most total ascents of eight-thousanders, with 30. These include twenty-one ascents of Mount Everest, five on Cho Oyu, two on Manaslu, and one each on Shishapangma and Lhotse. In 2009 Tashi was featured in the Discovery Channel series """". He is the central figure in the 2015 documentary ""Sherpa"" which recounts events surrounding the 2014 Mount Everest ice

"Babu Chiri Sherpa"
and individuals. The museum and statue are located in Til Ganga, Kathmandu. Babu Chiri Sherpa Babu Chiri Sherpa (June 22, 1965 – April 29, 2001) was a Sherpa mountaineer from Nepal. He reached the summit of Mount Everest ten times. He held two world records on Everest. He spent 21 hours on the summit of Everest without auxiliary oxygen, a record which still stands, and he made the fastest ascent of Everest in 16 hours and 56 minutes. Although an accomplished mountaineer, his life dream was to build schools in Nepal. Babu Chiri Sherpa was born in Taksindu, a small

a number of smaller peaks in the area. , who had barely escaped the avalanche, broke his own summit record twice in two weeks: on 24 May he solo-climbed Nepal Peak near Kirat Chuli, and on 3 June and he climbed Jongsong Peak, planting a Swabian and Tyrolean flag on top. In 1931 the summit record was broken again with the ascent of Kamet. Frank Smythe, Eric Shipton, R.L. Holdsworth and Lewa Sherpa reached the summit on 21 June. At , Kamet was the first mountain over 7,500 m and 25,000 ft to be climbed. The summit record was raised

"Henry Selick"
Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"" (1993), ""James and the Giant Peach"" (1996), and ""Coraline"" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance of Jules Engel. Selick was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, the son of Melanie (née Molan) and Charles H. Selick. He was raised in Rumson. Selick did little but draw from ages 3 to 12. Selick's fascination with animation

"The Nightmare Before Christmas"
The Nightmare Before Christmas The Nightmare Before Christmas (marketed as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion animated musical dark fantasy Halloween-Christmas film directed by Henry Selick, and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, the King of ""Halloween Town"" who stumbles through a portal to ""Christmas Town"" and decides to celebrate the holiday. Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score, and provided the singing voice of Jack. The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix, and Ed Ivory. ""The

in common with Jack Skellington."" Caroline Thompson still had yet to be hired to write the screenplay. With Thompson's screenplay, Selick stated, ""there are very few lines of dialogue that are Caroline's. She became busy on other films and we were constantly rewriting, re-configuring and developing the film visually."" Selick and his team of animators began production in July 1991 in San Francisco, California with a crew of over 120 workers, utilizing 20 sound stages for filming. Joe Ranft was hired from Disney as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation. At the peak of production,

20 individual stages were simultaneously being used for filming. In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, Étienne Delessert, Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a pop-up book. In addition, Selick stated, ""When we reach Halloween Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly aligned."" Vincent Price, Don Ameche,

how do we buttress it? If we have a mechanical shark, how does it kill? Will it shoot things from its snout?"" Ranft said Selick has an uncanny gift: ""He can articulate things through animation that people couldn't say otherwise."" Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"" (1993), ""James and the Giant Peach"" (1996), and ""Coraline"" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance

"Tim Burton"
Board of Review Awards Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Producers Guild of America Awards 64th Venice International Film Festival Lacanian Psychoanalysis Prize The Order of the Arts and Letters Moscow International Film Festival Critical, public and commercial reception to films Burton has directed as of February 2017. Tim Burton Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as ""Beetlejuice"" (1988), ""Edward Scissorhands"" (1990), ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"" (1993), ""Ed Wood"" (1994), ""Sleepy Hollow"" (1999), ""Corpse Bride"" (2005),

asked on Burton's involvement, Selick claimed, ""I don't want to take away from Tim, but he was not in San Francisco when we made it. He came up five times over two years, and spent no more than eight or ten days in total."" Walt Disney Feature Animation contributed with some use of second-layering traditional animation. Burton found production somewhat difficult because he was directing ""Batman Returns"" and in pre-production of ""Ed Wood"". The filmmakers constructed 227 puppets to represent the characters in the movie, with Jack Skellington having ""around four hundred heads"", allowing the expression of every possible emotion.

dark and scary for kids"". The film was met with both critical and financial success, grossing over $76 million during its initial run. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film. The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures, and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until 2009, making it the first stop-motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D. Halloween Town is a fantasy world filled with monsters, ghosts, ghouls, goblins, zombies, demons, mummies, vampires, werewolves, and witches. Jack Skellington, the ""Pumpkin King"" and

and James Earl Jones were considered to provide the narration for the film's prologue; however, all proved difficult to cast, and the producers instead hired local voice artist, Ed Ivory. Patrick Stewart provided the prologue narration for the film's soundtrack. On the direction of the film, Selick reflected, ""It's as though he [Burton] laid the egg, and I sat on it and hatched it. He wasn't involved in a hands-on way, but his hand is in it. It was my job to make it look like 'a Tim Burton film', which is not so different from my own films."" When

believed the film's visual effects were as revolutionary as ""Star Wars"", taking into account that ""Nightmare"" was ""filled with imagination that carries us into a new world"". Peter Travers of ""Rolling Stone"" called it a restoration of ""originality and daring to the Halloween genre. This dazzling mix of fun and fright also explodes the notion that animation is kid stuff. … It's 74 minutes of timeless movie magic."" James Berardinelli stated """"The Nightmare Before Christmas"" has something to offer just about everyone. For the kids, it's a fantasy celebrating two holidays. For the adults, it's an opportunity to experience some

Precipitation
means the globally averaged annual precipitation is . Mechanisms of producing precipitation include convective, stratiform, and orographic rainfall. Convective processes involve strong vertical motions that can cause the overturning of the atmosphere in that location within an hour and cause heavy precipitation, while stratiform processes involve weaker upward motions and less intense precipitation. Precipitation can be divided into three categories, based on whether it falls as liquid water, liquid water that freezes on contact with the surface, or ice. Mixtures of different types of precipitation, including types in different categories, can fall simultaneously. Liquid forms of precipitation include rain and

"Precipitation types"
Precipitation types In meteorology, the various types of precipitation often include the character or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level. There are three distinct ways that precipitation can occur. Convective precipitation is generally more intense, and of shorter duration, than stratiform precipitation. Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced upwards over rising terrain, such as a mountain. Precipitation can fall in either liquid or solid phases, or transition between them at the freezing level. Liquid forms of precipitation include rain and drizzle. Rain or drizzle which freezes on contact within a subfreezing air mass gains

Precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and ""precipitates"". Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with

is a stable cloud deck which tends to form when a cool, stable air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass. It can also form due to the lifting of advection fog during breezy conditions. There are four main mechanisms for cooling the air to its dew point: adiabatic cooling, conductive cooling, radiational cooling, and evaporative cooling. Adiabatic cooling occurs when air rises and expands. The air can rise due to convection, large-scale atmospheric motions, or a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographic lift). Conductive cooling occurs when the air comes into contact with a colder surface, usually

leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. Most precipitation occurs within the tropics and is caused by convection. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes. Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle, and is responsible for depositing the fresh water on the planet. Approximately of water falls as precipitation each year; of it over the oceans and over land. Given the Earth's surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is , but over land it is only

specific amount, basis. Radar imagery forecasting techniques show higher skill than model forecasts within six to seven hours of the time of the radar image. The forecasts can be verified through use of rain gauge measurements, weather radar estimates, or a combination of both. Various skill scores can be determined to measure the value of the rainfall forecast. Precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with

Heavy snowfall describes conditions when visibility is restricted below . Precipitation types In meteorology, the various types of precipitation often include the character or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level. There are three distinct ways that precipitation can occur. Convective precipitation is generally more intense, and of shorter duration, than stratiform precipitation. Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced upwards over rising terrain, such as a mountain. Precipitation can fall in either liquid or solid phases, or transition between them at the freezing level. Liquid forms of precipitation include rain and drizzle. Rain or drizzle

the preceding adjective ""freezing"", becoming known as freezing rain or freezing drizzle. Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, sleet, hail, and graupel. Their respective intensities are classified either by rate of fall, or by visibility restriction. Precipitation falls in many forms, or phases. They can be subdivided into: The parenthesized letters are the METAR codes for each phenomenon. Precipitation occurs when local air becomes saturated with water vapor, and can no longer maintain the level of water vapor in gaseous form. This occurs when less dense moist air cools, usually when an airmass rises through the atmosphere. However,

drizzle. Rain or drizzle that freezes on contact within a subfreezing air mass is called ""freezing rain"" or ""freezing drizzle"". Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, ice pellets, hail, and graupel. The dew point is the temperature to which a parcel must be cooled in order to become saturated, and (unless super-saturation occurs) condenses to water. Water vapor normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order to form clouds. An elevated portion of a frontal zone forces broad areas of lift, which form clouds decks such as altostratus or cirrostratus. Stratus

of temperature and precipitation. The most commonly used form of the Köppen classification has five primary types labeled A through E. Specifically, the primary types are A, tropical; B, dry; C, mild mid-latitude; D, cold mid-latitude; and E, polar. The five primary classifications can be further divided into secondary classifications such as rain forest, monsoon, tropical savanna, humid subtropical, humid continental, oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate, steppe, subarctic climate, tundra, polar ice cap, and desert. Rain forests are characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between . A tropical savanna is a grassland biome located in semi-arid

circumstances, starting with Cannon, then Jim Prentice, then the balance of his cabinet in order of precedence. Unlike previous Prime Ministers of Canada, Harper insisted that the Prime Minister's Office had the right to choose which reporters ask questions at press conferences, which, along with other steps aimed at limiting and controlling media access, created some conflict with national media. It was reported that the Prime Minister's Office also ""often [informed] the media about Harper's trips at such short notice that [it was] impossible for Ottawa journalists to attend the events"". Before the 2011 election, the Canadian Association of Journalists

"Stephen Harper"
Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015. Harper was the first Canadian Prime Minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance. Harper was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta from 2002 to 2015 and for Calgary Heritage until 2016. Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was

Premiership of Stephen Harper The premiership of Stephen Harper began on February 6, 2006 when Stephen Harper and his first cabinet were sworn in by Governor General Michaelle Jean. Harper was invited to form the 28th Canadian Ministry and become Prime Minister of Canada following the 2006 election where Harper's Conservative Party won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons of Canada leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Paul Martin. In the 2011 federal election, Harper won his first majority government. From Canadian confederation until the 1993 election, two parties alternated between the positions of government and

Elections Canada. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015. Harper was the first Canadian Prime Minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance. Harper was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Calgary Southwest

and the 2010 Winter Olympics, and Michael Fortier, a senior Conservative Party operative and campaign strategist, as Minister of Public Works, and as an appointee to the Senate. Emerson had been re-elected to parliament as a Liberal only weeks earlier, while Fortier did not contest the previous election at all. Harper argued that the appointments were necessary to provide two of Canada's largest cities (Vancouver and Montreal) with Cabinet representation, as the Conservatives did not win seats in these cities. Critics countered that no such concessions were made for Canada's largest city, Toronto, where the conservatives also failed to win

March 2011, after a no-confidence vote that deemed the Cabinet to be in contempt of parliament. In the federal election that followed, the Conservatives won a majority government, the first since the 2000 federal election; the party won 166 seats, an increase of 23 seats from the October 2008 election. Though Harper won his seat of Calgary-Heritage in the 2015 federal election, the Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, led by Justin Trudeau, who was sworn-in as Harper's successor on November 4, 2015. Harper resigned as party leader on October 19, 2015, and Rona Ambrose was

the latter was criticized by some academics and former civil servants as a partisan misuse of government resources. This is ""political marketing"", as constitutionally, any Government of Canada administered by a Canadian Ministry—Harper's premiership being the 28th Canadian Ministry— is known formally as ""Her Majesty's Government"". The term ""Harperism"" was coined and used by some in the Canadian media to describe the Harper's policies and style during his premiership. The term has been used pejoratively to describe what some see as Harper's authoritarian approach to his cabinet and in the prorogation of the 40th Canadian parliament. Premiership of Stephen Harper

all polls. The Conservatives led in every public opinion poll released from March 2010 until the election. From January to September 2009 and again from January to February 2010 several polls showed the Liberals tied with or slightly leading Harper's Conservatives. The Conservatives continued to maintain 37–39% support after the election. In March 2012, some polls showed the NDP tied with or surpassing the Conservatives and others show the Conservatives with a slim lead. In May 2012, the Tories dipped into second place behind the NDP at 34%. For most of Harper's tenure as prime minister, he led a minority

"Home and Family"
unique in that the daily guest star is asked to remain for the entire two hours. This provides a much broader view of the personality and interests of the star. Crew members are often seen, as well. It currently airs on the Hallmark Channel with hosts Debbie Matenopoulos and Cameron Mathison at 10:00 a.m. (EST). ""Home and Family"" is a two-hour daily Hallmark series, recorded before a studio audience on Tuesdays and Thursdays, in Los Angeles, California. Steines said that the decision for that was made to encourage actors to be on the show, without having to wake at 4:00

a.m. The focus of the show is simply entertainment and tips within a ""wholesome image"". They refrain from discussions on current events or politics and censor themselves in speech; as an example, the word ""breast"" may not be used. The series originally aired on The Family Channel but ended in 1998. Its revival began on October 1, 2012, and moved to its current home, the Hallmark Channel. Mark Steines and Paige Davis co-hosted the show but Davis left after six weeks on November 16, 2012, with her final episode being taped the day before she was replaced by Cristina Ferrare,

"Chesapeake Shores"
left sixteen years ago. He initially is an obstacle but becomes an unexpected ally and a second chance at finding love. The troubled family dynamic is intensified when Abby's estranged mother comes back to town. ""Chesapeake Shores"" is filmed on Vancouver Island's Qualicum Beach and its neighboring town of Parksville, British Columbia. The first season was filmed there from May through July 2016. In addition to playing the character Trace, Jesse Metcalfe performs some of the songs used in the series' episodes. A songwriter for more than a decade, Metcalfe also composed two of the songs himself. Production for the

"A House, A Home"
film. To create an underground environment a series of sets were constructed from June 2011 to December 2011. The sets were constructed for the camera. Every wall and the ceilings of Sophia's and Patrick's rooms were removable. The floors were affixed with castor wheels allowing the rooms to rotate 360 degrees. Principal photography took place in December 2011. Other than the reveal at the end of the film which was shot at Lone Fir Cemetery the production took place on a farm in Yamhill County, Oregon where the sets were built. The film was shot using a Sony FX 100

and at the end of the following day's episode, while surrounded by team members, Matenopoulos gave an emotional, vague and praise-filled announcement to the viewing audience of Steines being ""no longer with"" the series. It was later reported that there were no complaints about Steines' behavior and that the show was merely taking a different creative direction. Steines' contract had not expired and he was not informed until after he had taped what was his last show. On July 26, 2018, Cameron Mathison was named as Matenopoulos' new co-host, to assume his position in September with the launch of the

"Modern Family"
the single-camera style of filming, rejected the series. NBC, already broadcasting ""The Office"" and ""Parks and Recreation"", decided against taking on a third mockumentary-style show. ABC accepted the pitch. The pilot episode tested positively with focus groups, resulting in the network ordering 13 episodes and adding it to the 2009–10 fall lineup days ahead of ABC's official schedule announcement. The series was given a full season pickup in October 2009. Principal photography takes place in Los Angeles. Many of the exteriors used are on the city's Westside. The Dunphys' house is in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood. , Palisades Charter High

"Raven's Home"
T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh and Rondell Sheridan were not present, but got a special mention from Raven-Symoné herself. A pilot for the series was announced by Disney Channel on October 27, 2016, and Raven-Symoné also announced that she was departing as co-host of ""The View"" later in 2016 in order to work on the series full time. On November 14, 2016, it was announced that Anneliese van der Pol would reprise her role of Chelsea Daniels in the series as a divorced mother who is raising a son, Levi, and moves in with Raven. Disney Channel officially greenlit the series, with

who in turn was replaced by Debbie Matenopoulos. The show continued on to season two where it premiered on September 30, 2013. Then on April 30, 2014, ""Home and Family"" was renewed for a third season, which premiered on September 15 of that same year. It was announced on April 14, 2015, that season four was approved and along with that notice they announced that the show would air new episodes weekly throughout the entire year. Ferrare's departure was abrupt and the audience was not given any explanation nor any notice prior to her departure. On June 21, 2016, Hallmark

Home and Family Home and Family (formerly The Home and Family Show) is an American morning talk show originally hosted by Cristina Ferrare, Michael Burger, and Chuck Woolery. The show premiered on April 1, 1996, on The Family Channel and ran until August 14, 1998, featuring numerous recurring and regular personalities known as ""the family"" who share tips on beauty, crafts, cooking, and the like. Originally among the family were Jamie Gwen (chef); Candace Garvey (lifestyles); Mayita Dinos (gardening); Bob Golic (variety of topics); and The Carey Brothers (carpentry and home repairs). The show was revived in 2012 and remains

"Camarillo Ranch House"
The house is operated by the nonprofit Camarillo Ranch Foundation. The renovation cost $1.5 million and was also made possible by volunteers who donated 10,000 hours to the effort. Camarillo Ranch House is a popular location not only for weddings and receptions but also for filming. One location manager noted that the house has the appearance of a rural setting ""almost anywhere in the United States -- from Bakersfield to Nebraska."" The house is operated by the Rancho Camarillo Foundation and is open to the public for docent-led tours on Saturdays and Sundays. It is also available to be rented

Immunopathology
Immunopathology Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. In biology, it refers to damage caused to an organism by its own immune response, as a result of an infection. It could be due to mismatch between pathogen and host species, and often occurs when an animal pathogen infects a human (e.g. avian flu leads to a cytokine storm which contributes to the increased mortality rate). When a foreign antigen

"Cause (medicine)"
Cause (medicine) Cause, also known as etiology () and aetiology, is the reason or origination of something. The word is derived from the Greek , ""aitiologia"", ""giving a reason for"" (, ""aitia"", ""cause""; and , ""-logia""). In medicine, the term refers to the causes of diseases or pathologies. Where no etiology can be ascertained, the disorder is said to be idiopathic. Traditional accounts of the causes of disease may point to the ""evil eye"". The Ancient Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro put forward early ideas about microorganisms in a 1st-century BC book titled ""On Agriculture"". Medieval thinking on the etiology

study include disease causation, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, environmental epidemiology, forensic epidemiology, occupational epidemiology, screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to better understand disease processes, statistics to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions, social sciences to better understand proximate and distal causes, and engineering for exposure assessment. ""Epidemiology"", literally meaning ""the study of what is upon the people"", is derived , suggesting that it applies only to human populations. However, the term is widely used in studies of zoological populations (veterinary

exposed to the antigen, the quicker it will build up its responsiveness. Immunopathology Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. In biology, it refers to damage caused to an organism by its own immune response, as a result of an infection. It could be due to mismatch between pathogen and host species, and often occurs when an animal pathogen infects a human (e.g. avian flu leads to a cytokine

Pathology
Pathology Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of ""pathos"" (), meaning ""experience"" or ""suffering"" and ""-logia"" (), ""study of"") is concerned mainly with the causal study of disease. The word pathology itself may be used broadly to refer to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a more narrow fashion to refer to processes and tests which fall within the contemporary medical field of ""general pathology,"" an area which includes a number of distinct

Pathogenesis
epidemiology paradigm can advance the area of causal inference. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that leads to the diseased state. The term can also describe the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. The word comes from the Greek πάθος ""pathos"" (""disease"") and γένεσις ""genesis"" (""creation""). Types of pathogenesis include microbial infection, inflammation, malignancy and tissue breakdown. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the mechanism by which bacteria cause infectious illness. Most diseases are caused by multiple processes. For example, certain cancers arise from dysfunction of the

"Germ theory of disease"
developing practical applications of the germ theory of disease with respect to sanitation in medical settings and aseptic surgical techniques—partly through the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic. Germ theory of disease The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease. It states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause a disease. ""Germ"" may refer to not just a bacterium but to any type of microorganism, especially one which

Disease
remove a problem, but treatments may not produce permanent cures, especially in chronic diseases. Cures are a subset of treatments that reverse diseases completely or end medical problems permanently. Many diseases that cannot be completely cured are still treatable. Pain management (also called pain medicine) is that branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach to the relief of pain and improvement in the quality of life of those living with pain. Treatment for medical emergencies must be provided promptly, often through an emergency department or, in less critical situations, through an urgent care facility. Epidemiology is the study of the

"Medical genetics"
Medical genetics Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders. Medical genetics differs from human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care. For example, research on the causes and inheritance of genetic disorders would be considered within both human genetics and medical genetics, while the diagnosis, management, and counselling people with genetic disorders would be considered part of medical genetics. In contrast, the study of typically non-medical phenotypes

epidemiology), although the term ""epizoology"" is available, and it has also been applied to studies of plant populations (botanical or plant disease epidemiology). The distinction between ""epidemic"" and ""endemic"" was first drawn by Hippocrates, to distinguish between diseases that are ""visited upon"" a population (epidemic) from those that ""reside within"" a population (endemic). The term ""epidemiology"" appears to have first been used to describe the study of epidemics in 1802 by the Spanish physician Villalba in ""Epidemiología Española"". Epidemiologists also study the interaction of diseases in a population, a condition known as a syndemic. The term epidemiology is now widely

snowboarding events: the men and women's snowboard cross team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event. The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, but were dropped from the Olympic program in 2018 to make way for the snowboarding big air competitions. The International Luge Federation (FIL) has proposed the addition of six new events, including natural track luge (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and

set for 14 November 2013. The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014, and selected three cities, Oslo (Norway), Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Beijing (China) as the final candidates. Several cities withdrew their applications during the bidding process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support for hosting the Games. Oslo, which had been considered the clear frontrunner, withdrew after the Norwegian parliament rejected the application for funding of the games. Public reception to the application for funding had been highly negative due to cost concerns after the cost overruns of the

replace the Beijing Nanyuan Airport and operate together with the Beijing Capital International Airport. The estimated budget for the games is US$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the $43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics are scheduled to include 109 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports. ""Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline."" In October 2016, the International Ski Federation (FIS) announced plans to begin sanctioning women's competitions in Nordic combined, with the objective of contesting the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in

Beijing. In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a ski jumping mixed team competition and men's and women's big air in freestyle skiing. At their May 2018 Congress at the Costa Navarino resort in Messenia, Greece, FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make telemark skiing an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the aerials mixed team event and several new

were held in the county of Pyeongchang, while the downhill, combined and super-G events in the Alpine skiing were held in the neighboring county of Jeongseon. The indoor ice events were held in the nearby city of Gangneung. The Alpensia Sports Park in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, was the focus of the 2018 Winter Olympics. It was home to the Olympic Stadium, the Olympic Village and most of the outdoor sports venues. Additionally, a stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Bongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang: Another stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Pyeongchang's neighboring county of Jeongseon: The Gangneung Olympic Park in the

"2026 Winter Olympics"
unlikely to be included if the Winter Games are held anywhere outside the continent of North America. On 2 July 2018, the IOC announced that it would contribute US$925 million to the host city in order to help reduce costs. The following cities participated in the dialogue stage since its launch in September 2017. Calgary, Sapporo, Stockholm and Sion took part in the PyeongChang 2018 Observer Programme. Three of the four cities remaining in the dialogue stage in October 2018 were invited by the IOC to join the candidature stage: Calgary, Stockholm, and the joint Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo bid. Erzurum was

Germany and Norway were tied for the most gold medals won; both won fourteen golds. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics, five of which were gold. Pyeongchang bid to host both the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost in the final rounds of voting to Vancouver and Sochi respectively. Munich also launched a bid to host these Games. Prior to Beijing's successful 2022 Winter Olympics bid, Munich would have become the first city to host both the Winter and the Summer Games, having previously hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, but

"Loving County, Texas"
Loving County, Texas Loving County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. With a population of 134 estimate by the United States Census Bureau, Loving County is the second least populous county in the United States after Kalawao County, Hawaii which has a population of 88. Loving County has no incorporated communities; its county seat and only community is Mentone. The county was originally created in 1887, although after being disorganized, it was finally reorganized in 1931. Prehistorically, the area had many springs with potable water that supported wildlife and nomadic hunters. Antonio de Espejo visited the area

"Union County, Florida"
Union County, Florida Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, the smallest in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,535. The county seat is Lake Butler. With a per capita income of $18,255 (as of 2017), it is the third-poorest county in the United States. Union County was created in 1921 from part of Bradford County. It was named to honor the concept of unity. Union County is the location of Union Correctional Institution and the Reception and Medical Center (RMC). Union CI is a maximum security prison and is home to

"Glades County, Florida"
Glades County, Florida Glades County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,884, making it the fourth-least populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Moore Haven. Indigenous people lived in this area for thousands of years. Due to warfare and exposure to infectious diseases after European contact, native tribes became depopulated. In the eighteenth century, when the area was under Spanish rule, Native American peoples of Creek and other tribes migrated into present-day Florida from Georgia. Africans and African Americans who escaped from slavery and shipwrecks also migrated

"Brevard County, Florida"
descent to $24 billion was experienced. in 2017, the value rose to $35 billion. The last figure includes new construction. In 2011, the county was rated 6th worst in the country for foreclosures. There were 1,039 for the third quarter of 2010. Nearly half the homes in the county were worth less than their mortgages. The average home had dropped 53.4% since the peak of the boom. In 2012, the county was the highest in foreclosure rate in the nation. In 2013, the metro area was rated ""best"" in the country for buying, with a 34 months supply of houses,

"Liberty County, Florida"
Liberty County, Florida Liberty County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,365, making it the least populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Bristol. The Apalachicola National Forest occupies half the county. Liberty County was created in 1855 and is named after the popular American ideal of liberty. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.9%) is water. The county is bordered on the west by the Apalachicola River. As of the census of 2000, there

Library Cooperative which has 7 branches that serve Glades county and some of the surrounding counties, including DeSoto, Highlands, Hardee, and Okeechobee. Glades County, Florida Glades County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,884, making it the fourth-least populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Moore Haven. Indigenous people lived in this area for thousands of years. Due to warfare and exposure to infectious diseases after European contact, native tribes became depopulated. In the eighteenth century, when the area was under Spanish rule, Native American peoples of

"Broward County, Florida"
Broward County, Florida Broward County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. According to a 2017 census report, the county had a population of 1,935,878, making it the second-most populous county in Florida and the 15th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Fort Lauderdale. Broward County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017. The county is home to 31 municipalities, which consist of 24 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. It

and Hallandale. Construction is underway on a network of recreational trails to connect cities and points of interest in the county. Municipality populations are based on the 2015 5-year American Community Survey. Broward County, Florida Broward County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. According to a 2017 census report, the county had a population of 1,935,878, making it the second-most populous county in Florida and the 15th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Fort Lauderdale. Broward County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up

"Lee County, Kentucky"
men and 3.1 years for women. High rates of smoking and obesity, and a low level of physical activity appear to be contributing factors to the low life expectancy for both sexes. Lee County, Kentucky is often listed as one of the poorest counties in the United States. In 2014, 35 percent of its population lived in poverty and the median family income was $23,968 compared to 14.8 percent poor and a $53,482 median family income for the United States as a whole. Lee County, Kentucky Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of

"Gadsden County, Florida"
is obsolete today. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.3%) is water. Gadsden County is part of the Tallahassee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gadsden County is in the Eastern Time Zone. Its western border with Jackson County forms the boundary in this area between the Eastern and Central Time Zones. Gadsden County is unique in Florida in that it is the state's only county with an African American majority population. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 46,389 people residing in the county. 56.0% were Black

Can't Take My Eyes Off You ""Can't Take My Eyes Off You"" is a 1967 single credited to Frankie Valli. The song was among his biggest hits, earning a gold record and reaching No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for a week, stuck behind ""Windy"" by The Association. It was co-written by producer Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio, a bandmate of Valli's in The Four Seasons. It was Valli's biggest solo hit until he hit #1 in 1974 with ""My Eyes Adored You"". ""Can't Take My Eyes Off You"" has had hundreds of cover versions, many of which have

"Can't Take My Eyes Off You (Nancy Wilson album)"
Can't Take My Eyes Off You (Nancy Wilson album) Can't Take My Eyes Off You is a studio album by Nancy Wilson, released on Capitol Records in 1970. It was produced by David Cavanaugh, with arrangements and conducting by Phil Wright and Jimmy Jones. In a positive review, ""Record World"" called it ""another bright and warm outing for the multi-talented Miss Wilson. This is a composer's album with songs by Bacharach and David, Leonard Cohen, Leiber and Stoller, and Jimmy Webb."" The album also contains an early Bacharach song written with Bob Hilliard, ""Waitin' For Charlie To Come Home,"" as

been on the charts in different countries. The song is a staple of television and film soundtracks, even being featured as part of the plot of some films, such as when the lead characters sing or arrange their own version of the song. Its chorus has also become a popular football chant, with supporters of various teams inserting their club's name or a popular player's name into the beat. The Valli version was also used by NASA as a wake-up song on the STS-126 space shuttle mission, to celebrate the anniversary of astronaut Christopher Ferguson, one of the mission's crew

"I Can't Stop Thinking About You"
Sound Space at L.A. radio station KROQ. On 27 October 2016, Sting released for free on YouTube an acoustic version of ""I Can't Stop Thinking About You"". I Can't Stop Thinking About You ""I Can't Stop Thinking About You"" is a song by English singer-songwriter Sting from his twelfth studio album, ""57th & 9th"". It was released as the album's lead single on 1 September 2016. The song peaked at number two on ""Billboard""'s Adult Alternative Songs chart in the United States, becoming Sting's first hit on the chart since 2004's ""Stolen Car (Take Me Dancing)"", which reached number 14.

"Look Away"
15 in Sweden, and No. 20 in Belgium. A British man now claims he is the author of the song and has launched legal proceedings. Look Away ""Look Away"" is a 1988 power ballad by American rock band Chicago. Written by Diane Warren, produced by Ron Nevison, and with Bill Champlin on lead vocals, it is the second single from the band's album ""Chicago 19"". ""Look Away"" is Chicago's largest selling single of all, topping the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for two weeks in December 1988, matching the chart success of the group's ""If You Leave Me Now"" (1976) and ""Hard

"Can't Stop Thinking About You"
Can't Stop Thinking About You ""Can't Stop Thinking About You"" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released in 1975 on his final album for Apple Records, ""Extra Texture (Read All About It)"". A love song in the style of a soul/R&B ballad, it was written by Harrison in December 1973, towards the end of his marriage to Pattie Boyd and while he was having an affair with Maureen Starkey, the wife of his former Beatles bandmate Ringo Starr. Having first considered the song for his 1974 release ""Dark Horse"", Harrison recorded ""Can't Stop Thinking About You"" in Los

I Can't Stop Thinking About You ""I Can't Stop Thinking About You"" is a song by English singer-songwriter Sting from his twelfth studio album, ""57th & 9th"". It was released as the album's lead single on 1 September 2016. The song peaked at number two on ""Billboard""'s Adult Alternative Songs chart in the United States, becoming Sting's first hit on the chart since 2004's ""Stolen Car (Take Me Dancing)"", which reached number 14. Sting debuted the studio version of ""I Can't Stop Thinking About You"" – and performed the song live – on 31 August 2016 in the Red Bull

for ""Single of the Year."" In the same year, Dennis and Davis won three awards at the 47th Ivor Novello Awards for their composition of the song; they won the awards ""The Ivors Dance Award,"" ""Most Performed Work,"" and ""International Hit of the Year."" At the inaugural Premios Oye! in 2002, the song received a nomination in the category of ""Song of the Year."" In the 2007 episode of ""The Simpsons,"" ""Homerazzi"", the track is heard playing in a celebrity-packed nightclub into which Homer storms. The track is also heard in the films """", ""Hey Good Looking!"", ""Holy Motors"", and

"Charlie O'Connell"
again in April 2010. In two episodes of ""Crossing Jordan"", entitled ""Sunset Division"" (season 2) and ""Skin and Bone"" (season 4), he played the onscreen brother of his brother's character, Detective Woody Hoyt. Charlie O'Connell Charles O'Connell (born April 21, 1975) is an American actor and reality television personality. He is known for his appearance on ""The Bachelor"", as well as appearing in several of his older brother, Jerry O'Connell's projects, including a starring role as Colin Mallory in Season 4 of the science fiction television series ""Sliders"". O'Connell was born in New York City, New York, the son of

"Tristan Rogers"
(August, 1996). He was formerly married to Barbara Meale from 7 June 1974 until 1984 when they divorced. Tristan Rogers Tristan Rogers (born 3 June 1946) is an Australian-American actor. He is best known for playing Robert Scorpio on the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"" and for voicing Jake in Walt Disney Pictures' ""The Rescuers Down Under"". He is currently starring as Colin Atkinson on the CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"". Rogers was born in Melbourne. His early acting roles were on Australian television and he completed short stints in soap operas ""Bellbird"", ""Number 96"" (in 1974)

Tristan Rogers Tristan Rogers (born 3 June 1946) is an Australian-American actor. He is best known for playing Robert Scorpio on the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"" and for voicing Jake in Walt Disney Pictures' ""The Rescuers Down Under"". He is currently starring as Colin Atkinson on the CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"". Rogers was born in Melbourne. His early acting roles were on Australian television and he completed short stints in soap operas ""Bellbird"", ""Number 96"" (in 1974) and ""The Box"" (in 1975). He was a regular in the police drama series ""The Link Men"" (1970)

"Daniel Goddard (actor)"
sons, born February 2006 and December 2008. Daniel Goddard (actor) Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama ""BeastMaster"", based on the 1982 film ""The Beastmaster"", and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"" since 2007. He had nearly completed a degree in finance, but he transferred to the Ensemble Actors Studio without finishing the degree. After several theatrical appearances, Goddard landed his first television role in the Australian soap opera ""Home and

Charlie O'Connell Charles O'Connell (born April 21, 1975) is an American actor and reality television personality. He is known for his appearance on ""The Bachelor"", as well as appearing in several of his older brother, Jerry O'Connell's projects, including a starring role as Colin Mallory in Season 4 of the science fiction television series ""Sliders"". O'Connell was born in New York City, New York, the son of Linda (née Witkowski), an art teacher, and Michael O'Connell, an advertising agency art director. His maternal grandfather, Charles S. Witkowski, was the mayor of Jersey City, N.J. O'Connell is of half Irish, one

Daniel Goddard (actor) Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama ""BeastMaster"", based on the 1982 film ""The Beastmaster"", and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"" since 2007. He had nearly completed a degree in finance, but he transferred to the Ensemble Actors Studio without finishing the degree. After several theatrical appearances, Goddard landed his first television role in the Australian soap opera ""Home and Away"", as Eric Phillips. Goddard then departed

"Ed Weeks"
was picked up for series. Ed Weeks Edward Charles Egerton Weeks (born 25 October 1980 in Banbury, England) is an English actor, comedian, writer and producer. Between 2012 and 2017 he played Dr. Jeremy Reed on the Fox (now Hulu) comedy series ""The Mindy Project"". He also starred as Colin on the Fox comedy series ""LA to Vegas"". Weeks's mother is a native of El Salvador, although Weeks was born and raised in England. Weeks was educated at Queen's College, Taunton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was President of the Cambridge Footlights. Upon graduating, he wrote for various TV

"Joel David Moore"
Joel David Moore Joel David Moore (born September 25, 1977) is an American character actor and director. Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, Moore studied acting in college before relocating to Los Angeles to pursue a film career. His first major role was as Owen Dittman in the 2004 comedy """", followed by roles in the comedy ""Grandma's Boy"" (2006), Terry Zwigoff's ""Art School Confidential"" (2006), and the independent slasher film ""Hatchet"" (2006). In 2008, he was cast in the role of Colin Fisher on the Fox series ""Bones"", a guest role he portrayed in sixteen episodes until the series'

"Jay Wilkison"
since 2006, and was in the final cast, playing Gordon and others. He was also a Mark and Roger understudy. From 2014 to 2015, Wilkison played Pete Collins on ""Nashville"". He also played Colin McNichol on ""Younger"" from 2016 to 2017. Other TV roles include Hank on ""Rescue Me"" (2006), Gregg Robinson on ""Law & Order"" (2006), Terry on ""Nurse Jackie"" (2009), and Colin on ""The Blacklist"" in 2018. Wilkison a member of P-unit in the Smirnoff Raw Tea commercial. Jay Wilkison John Norton ""Jay"" Wilkison (born March 10, 1978) is an American movie, television and stage actor. Wilkison was

to insinuate himself into Lily's good graces. Blake was revealed to be Colin (Cane's father)'s henchmen. Blake ended up shooting Caleb who he believed was Cane at the time. Colin Atkinson first appeared on December 8, 2010, as the estranged biological father of Cane Ashby, portrayed by Tristan Rogers who previously was well known for his role as Robert Scorpio on ""General Hospital"". ""TV Guide"" announced Rogers' casting on October 25, 2010. Prior to his appearance, he was described as ""a mysterious and charming stranger named Colin who comes to Genoa City with a dark secret and a threatening agenda"".

"Indian Human Spaceflight Programme"
The centre will train the selected astronauts in rescue and recovery operations, operate in zero gravity environment, and monitoring of the radiation environment. In spring 2009 a full-scale mock-up of the crew capsule was built and delivered to Satish Dhawan Space Centre for training of astronauts. India will be short listing 200 Indian Air Force pilots for this purpose. The selection process would begin by the candidates having to complete an ISRO questionnaire, after which they would be subjected to physical and psychological analyses. Only 4 of the 200 applicants will be selected for the first space mission training. While

"Rakesh Sharma"
his wife, Madhu, learned Russian during their stay in the Soviet Union in 1982. His son, Kapil, is a film director, whilst his daughter, Kritika, is a media artist. A biographical Hindi-language film titled, ""Salute"" (formerly-""Saare Jahaan Se Achcha""), is under pre-production. Shah Rukh Khan would portray the life of Sharma on-screen. Rakesh Sharma Rakesh Sharma (born 13 January 1949) is a former Indian Air Force pilot who flew aboard Soyuz T-11, launched on 2 April 1984, as part of the Interkosmos programme. Sharma is the first Indian citizen to travel in space. Sharma was born on 13 January 1949

"Indian Space Research Organisation"
and China, to successfully carry out crewed missions indigenously. Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi, announced in his Independence Day address of August 15, 2018 that India will send astronauts into space by 2022 through the ""Gaganyaan"" mission. After the announcement, ISRO chairman, Sivan, said ISRO has developed most of the technologies needed such as crew module and crew escape system, and that the project would cost less than Rs. 10,000 crore and would include sending at least 3 Indians to space, 300–400 km above in a spacecraft for at least 7 days using a GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle.

Minister on 15 August 2018. In March 2008 it was proposed that Russia would provide assistance in crew selection and training aboard a Soyuz capsule in preparation for the Indian mission. However, in October 2010 this option was discarded. MC Dathan, director of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) stated that ISRO will set up a facility in Bangalore for training astronauts (Vyomanauts). ISRO is planning to build a third launch pad at Sriharkota for crewed missions with extra facilities like entry into the crew capsule and an escape chute. A site of nearby the Kempegowda International Airport has been identified.

years for development. The Planning Commission estimated that a budget of was required for initial work on the crewed mission during 2007–2012. In February 2009, the Government of India gave the green light for the human space flight programme, but fell short of fully funding it or creating the programme. The trials for crewed space missions began in 2007 with the 600 kg Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE), launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, and safely returned to earth 12 days later. This followed with the Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment, and the Pad Abort Test in

15February 2017, ISRO launched onehundredfoursatellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37) and created a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-Mk III), on 5June 2017 and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit. With this launch, ISRO became capable of launching 4-tonheavy satellites. Future plans include the development of Unified Launch Vehicle, Small Satellite Launch Vehicle, development of a reusable launch vehicle, human spaceflight, controlled soft lunar landing, interplanetary probes, and a solar spacecraft mission. Modern space research in India is most visibly traced to the 1920s, when the scientist S. K. Mitra conducted a

study hypersonic aerothermodynamics, management of communication blackouts, and recovery operations. A follow-up project named SRE-2 was cancelled mid-way after years of delay. on 18 December 2014, ISRO launched the Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment aboard the GSLV Mk3 for a sub-orbital flight. The crew module separated from the rocket at an altitude of 126 km and underwent free fall. The module heat shield experienced temperature in excess of 1600 °C. Parachutes were deployed at an altitude of 15 km to slow down the module which performed a splashdown in the Bay of Bengal. This flight was used to test orbital

Rakesh Sharma Rakesh Sharma (born 13 January 1949) is a former Indian Air Force pilot who flew aboard Soyuz T-11, launched on 2 April 1984, as part of the Interkosmos programme. Sharma is the first Indian citizen to travel in space. Sharma was born on 13 January 1949 in Patiala, Punjab, India. He attended one of the top schools in the city, St. Ann's High School, Secunderabad, and later on went to study in St. Georges Grammar School, Hyderabad. He graduated from Nizam College, Hyderabad. He joined the Indian Air Force as a cadet in 1966 at the age of

January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14. ISRO sent a lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, on 22October 2008 and a Mars orbiter, Mars Orbiter Mission, on 5 November 2013, which entered Mars orbit on 24September 2014, making India the first nation to succeed on its first attempt to Mars, and ISRO the fourth space agency in the world as well as the first space agency in Asia to reach Mars orbit. On 18June 2016, ISRO set a record with a launch of twentysatellites in a single payload, one being a satellite from Google. On

"History of spaceflight"
of 2016 or early 2017. India has successfully launched an interplanetary mission, Mars Orbiter Mission, in 2013 which reached Mars in September 2014, hence becoming the first country in the world to do a Mars mission in its maiden attempt. The ISRO is currently developing a small shuttle system. Cosmonauts and astronauts from other nations have flown in space, beginning with the flight of Vladimir Remek, a Czech, on a Soviet spacecraft on March 2, 1978. , a total of 536 people from 38 countries have gone into space according to the FAI guideline. India, Taiwan and Japan are increasingly

"Cricket bat"
Cricket bat A cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, a rule change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood. The ""blade"" of a cricket bat is a wooden block that is generally flat on the striking face and with

risk of the bat snapping. The bat may also need raw linseed oil, which fills in the gaps between the fibres. Law 5 of the Laws of Cricket, as the rules of the game are known, state that the length of the bat may be no more than 38 in (965 mm), the width no more than 4.25 in (108 mm), the overall depth no more than 2.64 in (67 mm) and edge no more than 1.56 in (40 mm). Bats typically weigh from 2 lb 7 oz to 3 lb (1.2 to 1.4 kg) though there is no standard.

Cricket
the total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (965 mm). There is no standard for the weight which is usually between 2 lb 7 oz and 3 lb (1.1 and 1.4 kg). The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid, with a circumference of . The ball has a ""seam"": six rows of stitches attaching the leather shell of the ball to the string and cork interior. The seam on a new ball is prominent, and helps the bowler propel it in a less predictable manner. During matches, the quality of the ball deteriorates to a point where

where these bats are made in Kashmir are Anantnag, Baramula, and Pahalgam. Cricket bat A cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, a rule change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood. The ""blade"" of a cricket bat is a

maximum length of 38 inches, indeed very few exceed 35 inches. Various companies have over the years tried new shapes that come within the laws of the game to make a name for themselves and to improve sales. In the 1960s the first shoulderless bats appeared from Slazenger. This allowed more of the weight to be redistributed to the ""sweet spot"" of the blade providing more power to each stroke, whilst still having good balance and light ""pick up."" This style of bat was made famous by Lance Cairns's six sixes in a match played in 1983. The 1970s saw

Appendix B of the Laws of Cricket set out more precise specifications. This rule was introduced following the Monster Bat Incident of 1771. Bats are available in a range of sizes, with some manufacturers offering unique variations. Commonly found are children's sizes 0 to 6, youth size Harrow and adult sizes. SH (Short Handle) is the most common adult size, whilst long handle and long blade options are also available. Children's sizes increase in length and width as the size increase. Although most adult bats will be the maximum width permitted (4.25 inches), no generally available cricket bat is the

"Laws of Cricket"
bat"". The bat is no more than in length, no more than wide, no more than deep at its middle and no deeper than at the edge. The hand or glove holding the bat is considered part of the bat. Ever since the ComBat incident, a highly publicised marketing attempt by Dennis Lillee, who brought out an aluminium bat during an international game, the Laws have provided that the blade of the bat must be made of wood. ""Law 6: The pitch"". The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground long and wide. The Ground Authority selects and prepares

the join. The taper provides a more gradual transfer of load from the bat's blade to the handle and avoids this problem. The edges of the blade closest to the handle are known as the ""shoulders"" of the bat, and the bottom of the blade is known as the ""toe"" of the bat. Bats were not always this shape. Before the 18th century bats tended to be shaped similarly to a modern hockey sticks. This may well have been a legacy of the game's reputed origins. Although the first forms of cricket are obscure, it may be that the game

"Baseball bat"
especially when wielded by a particularly able batter. The ""bat drop"" of a bat is its weight, in ounces, minus its length, in inches. For example, a 30-ounce, 33-inch-long bat has a bat drop of minus 3 (30 − 33 = −3). Larger bat drops help to increase swing speed; smaller drops create more power. The bat's form has become more refined over time. In the mid-19th century, baseball batters were known to shape or whittle their own bats by hand, which resulted in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and weights. For example, there were flat bats, round bats,

Cricket
centrally on the bowling crease, which is eight feet eight inches long. The popping crease is drawn four feet in front of the bowling crease and parallel to it; although it is drawn as a twelve-foot line (six feet either side of the wicket), it is in fact unlimited in length. The return creases are drawn at right angles to the popping crease so that they intersect the ends of the bowling crease; each return crease is drawn as an eight-foot line, so that it extends four feet behind the bowling crease, but is also in fact unlimited in length.

"Ric Flair"
offered a spot in The Four Horsemen only to turn on Flair and The Four Horsemen at Fall Brawl in September 1997, in which Hennig punctuated the act by slamming the cage door onto Flair's head. In April 1998, Flair disappeared from WCW television, due to a lawsuit filed by Eric Bischoff for no-showing a live episode of ""Thunder"" on April 16, 1998 in Tallahassee, Florida. After the case was settled, Flair made a surprise return on September 14, 1998 to ceremoniously reform the Four Horsemen (along with Steve McMichael, Dean Malenko, and Chris Benoit). Flair feuded with Bischoff for

when Carlito attacked Flair during a match. At Judgment Day, Flair defeated Carlito with the figure four leglock. On the June 11 episode of ""Raw"", Flair was drafted from Raw to SmackDown! as part of the 2007 WWE draft. He briefly feuded against Montel Vontavious Porter and rejoined forces with Batista to feud with The Great Khali; the alliance was short-lived, however, as Flair was ""injured"" during a match with Khali. After a three-month hiatus, Flair returned to WWE programming on the November 26 episode of ""Raw"" to announce ""I will never retire"". Vince McMahon retaliated by announcing that the

for our country. And I'm here to excite the crowd"". Flair endorsed Ted Cruz during the 2016 presidential election. Flair has a heart condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy. On August 14, 2017, Flair had surgery in Georgia to remove an obstructive piece of his bowel, which led to various complications, most seriously kidney failure, necessitating dialysis treatment and ongoing hospitalization. He was discharged from rehabilitation and allowed to return home on September 21. Flair engaged in an off-screen rivalry with Bret Hart. In October 1993, Hart gave a radio interview in which he said Flair ""sucks"" and described his workplace, WCW,

retain the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. In the spring of 1991, Flair had a contract dispute with WCW president Jim Herd, who wanted him to take a substantial pay cut. Flair had resigned as head booker in February 1990 and Herd wanted to reduce Flair's role in the promotion even further, despite the fact that Flair was still a top draw. According to Flair, Herd also proposed changes in his appearance and ring name (i.e. by shaving his hair, wearing a diamond earring and going by the name Spartacus) in order to ""change with the times"". Flair disagreed with the

earlier. Flair then fulfilled his remaining house show commitments, making his last appearance on February 10, 1993, before returning to WCW. Flair triumphantly returned to WCW as a hero in February 1993, as a result of a ""no-compete"" clause he was unable to wrestle, so he hosted a short-lived talk show in WCW called ""A Flair for the Gold"". Arn Anderson usually appeared at the bar on the show's set, and Flair's maid Fifi cleaned or bore gifts. Once he returned to action, Flair briefly held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship for a tenth time after defeating Barry Windham at

however, Flair's career nearly ended when he was in a serious plane crash in Wilmington, North Carolina that took the life of the pilot and paralyzed Johnny Valentine (also on board were Mr. Wrestling, Bob Bruggers, and promoter David Crockett). Flair broke his back in three places and, at age 26, was told by doctors that he would never wrestle again. Flair conducted a rigorous physical therapy schedule, however, and he returned to the ring just eight months later, where he resumed his feud with Wahoo McDaniel in February 1976. The crash did force Flair to change his wrestling technique

programming, most notably by the wrestler Edge. In September 2007, Flair opened a financial business called Ric Flair Finance. In July 2008, Flair Finance filed for bankruptcy. Following Flair's debut in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling his former employer, Ring of Honor, filed a lawsuit in 2010, alleging that Flair owed them over $40,000 and that he had not appeared at several events that he was contractually obligated to appear at. The lawsuit was never resolved. Highspots Inc. claimed that Flair had given them the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt as collateral for the loan. A warrant for Flair's arrest was

knocked unconscious, no decision could be reached. A returning Eric Bischoff came to the ring and began ordering the timekeeper to ring the bell, which he eventually did, awarding the match and the presidency to Sting (who promptly gave it up upon receiving it). Flair won his last world titles in his career by winning the WCW World Heavyweight Championship twice during 2000, the company's last full year of operation. When WCW was purchased by the WWF in March 2001, Flair was the leader of the villainous group called the Magnificent Seven. Flair lost the final match of ""Nitro"" to

Bully Ray and Matt Hardy, was defeated by Fortune members James Storm, Kazarian and Robert Roode and Christopher Daniels, who replaced an injured A.J. Styles, in a Lethal Lockdown match, when Flair tapped out to Roode. The match was used to write Flair off television, as the following week he was scheduled to undergo surgery for his torn rotator cuff; however, Flair ultimately chose not to have the surgery as it would have required six months of rehab. Flair returned to television in a non–wrestling role on the May 12, 2011 episode of ""Impact!"" Flair did not appear again for

proposals and two weeks before The Great American Bash, Herd fired him and vacated the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. While Flair had left for the WWF, he was still recognized as the NWA World Heavyweight Champion until September 8, when the title was officially vacated. Flair signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in September 1991 and began appearing on television with the Big Gold Belt, calling himself ""The Real World Champion"". Led by his ""financial adviser"" Bobby Heenan and his ""executive consultant"" Mr. Perfect, Flair repeatedly issued challenges to WWF wrestlers like ""Rowdy"" Roddy Piper and Hulk Hogan, wrestling

"Zachary Gordon"
Zachary Gordon Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of eight, Gordon is a three-time Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor nominee, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the first three films of the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" film franchise. Gordon was born in Oak Park, California, to Linda and Kenneth Gordon. He has two brothers and was raised in Southern California. Zach graduated from a public high school in Oak Park. He is Jewish. Gordon's resumé includes multiple television appearances, on programs such as

"Devon Bostick"
Devon Bostick Devon Bostick (born November 13, 1991) is a Canadian actor best known for playing the lead role of Simon in the Atom Egoyan directed film ""Adoration"", Brent in ""Saw VI"", Rodrick Heffley in the first three ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" movies and Jasper Jordan on The CW show ""The 100"" from 2014 to 2017. Bostick was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His mother, Stephanie Gorin, is a casting agent in Toronto, who works in stage and screen, and his father, Joe Bostick, is an actor as well as a film fight coordinator. He also has a younger

"Grayson Russell"
an autistic baseball savant named Rafer, in the 2013 feature film ""Season of Miracles"", a role for which fans and critics have acknowledged his broader acting range. Grayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in """" and the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in

book. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley (Dad), Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley (Mom), Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, and Connor & Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Greg's brother. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)"
Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" film series, and was followed by three sequels, """" (2011), """" (2012) and """" (2017). The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget.

Grayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in """" and the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in 2016. His acting career began at the age of six, when he appeared as Cowboy Grayson, in a series of television commercials for a local car dealership.

"Lurie Poston"
Lurie Poston Lurie Preston Poston (born September 30, 1996) is an American actor and singer. Poston began his career in the cast of the Broadway Musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, acting in over 300 performances. In 2003, he had a small part playing a young main characters in the film ""Girls Will Be Girls"". Poston played in the 2007 film """" and he played Tommy Huff in the 2008 film ""Step Brothers"" with Will Ferrell and John C. Reilly. He plays Trevor in Disneys Kickin It. Poston had a starring role as Joshua Dowd in James Vasquez's 2008 award-winning feature

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)"
see all the books made into movies."" Fox 2000 greenlit the sequel and Zachary Gordon returned as Greg Heffley. Steve Zahn (Frank Heffley) and Rachael Harris (Susan Heffley) will also return. The film was directed by David Bowers and the screenplay was written by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. Principal photography began in Vancouver August 2010. A few new characters appeared in the film, including Peyton List as Holly Hills. The trailer was seen with ""Gulliver's Travels"". The website created for the first was updated for the sequel featuring pictures of the cast and a short synopsis of the film.

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)"
completed on October 16, 2009. The film was directed by Thor Freudenthal and starred Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, Grayson Russell as Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal. The musical score was composed by Theodore Shapiro. ""Rodrick Rules"" is the second film in the ""Diary of a Wimpy

"Davis Cleveland"
Davis Cleveland Davis Richard Cleveland (born February 5, 2002) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Flynn Jones on the Disney Channel original series ""Shake It Up"". Cleveland starred as Manny in the 2016 Nickelodeon Original Movie ""Rufus"" and its 2017 sequel ""Rufus 2"". Cleveland was born on February 5, 2002, in Houston, Texas. Cleveland was living in Los Angeles, California in 2011, and enjoys studying martial arts and playing guitar, as well as other hobbies including video games, skateboarding and rollerblading. He is involved in charity work by helping to raise money to help find

transfers the electron from PSII to the proton pump, cytochrome b6f. The ultimate electron donor of PSII is water. Cytochrome b6f proceeds the electron chain to PSI through plastocyanin molecules. PSI is able to continue the electron transfer in two different ways. It can transfer the electrons either to plastoquinol again, creating a cyclic electron flow, or to an enzyme called FNR (Ferredoxin—NADP(+) reductase), creating a non-cyclic electron flow. PSI releases FNR into the stroma, where it reduces to NADPH. Activities of the electron transport chain, especially from cytochrome b6f, lead to pumping of protons from the stroma to the

process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher-energy level. This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently lowered redox-potentials. This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches PS I, an electron is again excited, creating a high redox-potential. The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the z-scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter z. The final product of PSII is plastoquinol, a mobile electron carrier in the membrane. Plastoquinol

up two protons to become plastoquinol. Plastoquinol is then released into the membrane as a mobile electron carrier. This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within ""picoseconds"", with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning of molecules within the reaction center. This is a solid-state process, not a chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline environment created by the macromolecular structure of PS II. The usual rules of chemistry (which involve random collisions and random energy distributions) do not apply in solid-state environments. When the chlorophyll passes

cyanobacteria and chloroplasts: This is a ""cyclic"" process in which electrons are removed from an excited chlorophyll molecule (""bacteriochlorophyll""; P870), passed through an electron transport chain to a proton pump (cytochrome ' complex, similar but not identical to cytochrome ' in chloroplasts), and then returned to the chlorophyll molecule. The result is a proton gradient, which is used to make ATP via ATP synthase. As in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, this is a solid-state process that depends on the precise orientation of various functional groups within a complex transmembrane macromolecular structure. To make NADPH, purple bacteria use an external electron donor

the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants have four Super Bowl championships. Fourteen other NFL franchises have won at least one Super Bowl. Eight teams have appeared in Super Bowl games without a win. The Minnesota Vikings were the first team to have appeared a record four times without a win. The Buffalo Bills played in a record four Super Bowls in a row and lost every one. Four teams (the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans) have never appeared in a Super Bowl. The Browns and Lions both won NFL Championships prior to the creation

of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV. The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for these first two contests), defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland

appearance, and their first win in franchise history. It was the Patriots' tenth Super Bowl appearance, and their fourth appearance in ten years; had the Patriots won, they would have tied the Pittsburgh Steelers with the most Super Bowl wins (six). The Super Bowls of the late 2000s and 2010s are notable for the performances (and the pedigrees) of several of the participating quarterbacks, and stagnation (especially on the AFC side) in repeated appearances by the same teams and players. In particular, Tom Brady, Ben Roethlisberger, or Peyton Manning appeared as the AFC team's quarterback in all but two of

Denver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final NFL game. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams – the Steelers, New England Patriots, Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, and Indianapolis Colts – accounted for 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14),

other in the Super Bowl. The winning team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named after the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who won the first two Super Bowl games and three of the five preceding NFL championships in 1961, 1962, and 1965. Following Lombardi's death in September 1970, the trophy was named the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The first trophy awarded under the new name was presented to the Baltimore Colts following their win in Super Bowl V in Miami. The Super Bowl is currently played on the first Sunday in February. This is due to the current NFL schedule

given the choice of wearing their colored or white jerseys. Originally, the designated home team had to wear their colored jerseys, which resulted in Dallas donning their less exposed dark blue jerseys for Super Bowl V. While most of the home teams in the Super Bowl have chosen to wear their colored jerseys, there have been six (6) exceptions: the Dallas Cowboys during Super Bowl XIII and XXVII, the Washington Redskins during Super Bowl XVII, the Pittsburgh Steelers during Super Bowl XL, the Denver Broncos during Super Bowl 50, and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. The Cowboys,

the event. In addition, popular singers and musicians including Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Justin Timberlake, Beyoncé, Janet Jackson, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Whitney Houston, and Lady Gaga have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies. For four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans. The original ""bowl game"" was the Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California, which was first

"Super Bowl curse"
1998 Miami Dolphins, the 2016 Houston Texans, and the 2017 Minnesota Vikings, the Vikings being the first to qualify for their conference's title game. From 1966–2011 (excluding the six Super Bowl games held in a stadium without a professional team), the Super Bowl host team has had 11 winning seasons, four split seasons, and 25 losing seasons. Mathematically, the probability of that many losing seasons or more occurring by chance (assuming a 50 percent chance of having a losing season (disregarding .500 seasons)) is 7.69 percent. It should be noted, however, that the Super Bowl host stadium is selected several

"Royal Rumble (2014)"
467,000 buys, down 8.8% from the 512,000 buys for the previous year's event. Since 1988, the Royal Rumble has been an annual event held by WWE and is typically shown on pay-per-view. The event is highlighted by the Royal Rumble match, a battle royal whose participants, entering at timed intervals, aim at eliminating their competitors by tossing them over the top rope, with both feet touching the floor. The winner of the match is the last wrestler remaining after all others have been eliminated. The 1988 match involved 20 wrestlers, while the 2011 match had 40; all the others, including

mid-2002, the 30 male entrants from 2003 to 2006 consisted of 15 wrestlers from both the Raw and SmackDown brands. At first, the winner of the match received a shot at their brand's top champion. Starting in 2004, the Royal Rumble winner had the option of challenging any brand's champion. For instance, Chris Benoit switched brands after winning the 2004 Royal Rumble and won the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XX. From 2007 to 2010, participants from the ECW brand competed along with the Raw and SmackDown brands, with the ECW World Championship added as an option for the winner

"Royal Rumble"
1988, and was broadcast live on the USA Network. The following year, the event started to be broadcast on pay-per-view and thus became one of WWE's ""big four"" pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Survivor Series, and SummerSlam. The men's Royal Rumble match is usually located at the top of the card, though there have been exceptions, such as the 1988, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2006, 2013, and 2018 events. Due to the Rumble match taking up a large amount of time (most Rumble matches last roughly one hour), the Rumble event tends to have a smaller card than most other pay-per-view events,

later defeat Angle and regain his WrestleMania championship spot. The fourth time was in 2006, when Randy Orton goaded Rey Mysterio into putting his main event spot at WrestleMania 22 on the line at No Way Out, a match which Orton won. Mysterio was eventually reinserted into the main event at WrestleMania, making it a triple threat match and went on to win the World Heavyweight Championship. On the February 25, 2013 episode of ""Raw"", John Cena successfully defended his WrestleMania 29 WWE Championship opportunity in a match against CM Punk. On February 22, 2015 at Fastlane, Roman Reigns defended

"Royal Rumble (2017)"
championship match at WrestleMania 33. Big Cass and Chris Jericho began the match as the first and second entrants, respectively. Jack Gallagher, who was the fifth entrant, used his umbrella to attack Mark Henry, but was eliminated by Henry. The seventh entrant, Braun Strowman, scored the most eliminations with seven, eliminating Cass, Kalisto, Mojo Rawley, Mark Henry, Big Show, NXT's surprise entrant Tye Dillinger, and James Ellsworth. Baron Corbin, the thirteenth entrant, eventually eliminated Strowman. Wyatt family members Bray Wyatt, Randy Orton, and Luke Harper entered as the twenty-first, twenty-third, and twenty-fifth entrants, respectively. Wyatt tried to maintain peace between

the individual novels; this enables them to move events across novels, according to screen-adaptation requirements. Principal photography for the first season was scheduled to begin on July 26, 2010, and the primary location was the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Exterior scenes in Northern Ireland were filmed at Sandy Brae in the Mourne Mountains (standing in for Vaes Dothrak), Castle Ward (Winterfell), Saintfield Estates (the Winterfell godswood), Tollymore Forest (outdoor scenes), Cairncastle (the execution site), the Magheramorne quarry (Castle Black) and Shane's Castle (the tourney grounds). Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, was also used in the original pilot

were filmed in November 2011 in Iceland: on the Vatnajökull glacier near Smyrlabjörg, the Svínafellsjökull glacier near Skaftafell and the Mýrdalsjökull glacier near Vik on Höfðabrekkuheiði. Third-season production returned to Dubrovnik, with the Walls of Dubrovnik, Fort Lovrijenac and nearby locations again used for scenes in King's Landing and the Red Keep. Trsteno Arboretum, a new location, is the garden of the Tyrells in King's Landing. The third season also returned to Morocco (including the city of Essaouira) to film Daenerys' scenes in Essos. Dimmuborgir and the Grjótagjá cave in Iceland were used as well. One scene, with a live

episode for scenes at Winterfell. The producers initially considered filming the whole series in Scotland, but decided on Northern Ireland because of the availability of studio space. The first season's southern scenes were filmed in Malta, a change in location from the pilot episode's Moroccan sets. The city of Mdina was used for King's Landing. Filming was also done at Fort Manoel (representing the Sept of Baelor), at the Azure Window on the island of Gozo (the Dothraki wedding site) and at San Anton Palace, Fort Ricasoli, Fort St. Angelo and St. Dominic monastery (all used for scenes in the

Arlene Foster, the series has given Northern Ireland the most non-political publicity in its history. The production of ""Game of Thrones"" and other TV series also boosted Northern Ireland's creative industries, contributing to an estimated 12.4-percent growth in arts, entertainment and recreation jobs between 2008 and 2013 (compared with 4.3 percent in the rest of the UK during the same period). In September 2018, after the filming had finished, HBO announced plans to convert its filming locations in Northern Ireland into tourist attractions to be opened in 2019. Tourism organizations elsewhere reported increases in bookings after their locations appeared in

"The Spoils of War (Game of Thrones)"
the battle kept going on page after page after page! The excitement, the stress and the fear all built at the same time, mirroring probably what was happening on screen. It was a huge opportunity and a challenge. I spent the better part of six months working on that one sequence."" The ""Loot Train Attack"" was filmed in Cáceres, Spain, and Emilia Clarke, who portrays Daenerys Targaryen, was filmed riding a motion base on a stage in Belfast in front of several green screens. Shakman's first step in directing the battle was choosing to focus on a specific perspective, with

Magheramorne
was used to ship cement out of Magheramorne is now used as a marina. The abandoned Magheramorne quarry area is used as a filming location for the HBO TV series ""Game of Thrones"". Castle Black, Hardhome and The Wall were filmed there, and battlements were built there to serve as King's Landing's defences during the Battle of Blackwater Bay; scenes shot atop the wall were filmed inside the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast. The composite set (with both exteriors and interiors) consisted of a large section of Castle Black including the courtyard, the ravenry, the mess hall and the barracks,

Red Keep). Filming of the second season's southern scenes shifted from Malta to Croatia, where the city of Dubrovnik and nearby locations allowed exterior shots of a walled, coastal medieval city. The Walls of Dubrovnik and Fort Lovrijenac were used for scenes in King's Landing and the Red Keep. The island of Lokrum, the St. Dominic monastery in the coastal town of Trogir, the Rector's Palace in Dubrovnik, and the Dubac quarry (a few kilometers east) were used for scenes set in Qarth. Scenes set north of the Wall, in the Frostfangs and at the Fist of the First Men,

"World of A Song of Ice and Fire"
wall, was given to them in perpetuity thousands of years ago for cultivation. In ""A Game of Thrones"", out of the nineteen castles built along the wall, only three are still manned: Castle Black with 600 men, and the Shadow Tower and Eastwatch-by-the-Sea with 200 men each. Parts of Castle Black have fallen into ruins. The TV series' Castle Black and the Wall were filmed in the abandoned Magheramorne Quarry near Belfast, Northern Ireland, whereas the scenes shot atop the wall were filmed inside Paint Hall Studios. The composite set (with both exteriors and interiors) consisted of a large section

"Beyond the Wall (Game of Thrones)"
of the scenes leading up to the battle with the White Walker army were filmed in Iceland, but the majority of the episode's battle sequence was filmed in a quarry in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Taylor had expected to film the sequence entirely in Iceland, but quickly realized that it was not feasible due to the amount of production that was required. In filming the wight polar bear attack, Taylor noted that the bear was designed by the New Zealand-based Weta Digital, which previously worked on ""The Lord of the Rings"" trilogy. Richard Dormer, who portrays Beric Dondarrion, described filming the

bear, was filmed in Los Angeles. The production used three units (Dragon, Wolf and Raven) filming in parallel, six directing teams, 257 cast members and 703 crew members. The fourth season returned to Dubrovnik and included new locations, including Diocletian's Palace in Split, Klis Fortress north of Split, Perun quarry east of Split, the Mosor mountain range, and Baška Voda further south. Thingvellir National Park in Iceland was used for the fight between Brienne and the Hound. Filming took 136 days and ended on November 21, 2013. The fifth season added Seville, Spain, used for scenes of Dorne, as well

"Taylor (surname)"
Taylor (surname) Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning ""tailor"") in France It is derived from the Old French """" (""cutter""), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin ""taliator"", from ""taliare"" (""to cut""). The first historical evidence of the surname dates to the County of Somerset, South West England in 1182. ""Taylor"" is the fourth-most common surname in United Kingdom, fifth-most common in England, the 11th-most common in Scotland and the 22nd-most common in Wales. It is also common in other English speaking

were residents of the United States. The frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1: 407) in the following U.S. states: The frequency of the surname was highest (over four times the national average) in the following U.S. counties: Taylor (surname) Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning ""tailor"") in France It is derived from the Old French """" (""cutter""), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin ""taliator"", from ""taliare"" (""to cut""). The first historical evidence of the surname dates to

countries (especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it was the tenth most frequently encountered surname in the 2000 US Census), but has a low incidence in Ireland, where it is mostly concentrated in the North. It is often the anglicized form of the German surname Schneider. At the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1881, the frequency of the surname ""Taylor"" was highest in the following counties: As of 2014, the frequency of the surname was highest in the following countries and territories: As of 2014, 57.9% of all known bearers of the surname ""Taylor""

"Taylor sept"
Taylor sept Taylor is a sept (""branch"") of Clan Cameron, a Scottish clan. Present day members of the Taylor sept hold the Scottish surname Taylor. Some members of the Taylor sept are descendents of Donald Cameron ('Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe'), who lived in the Scottish Highlands Lochaber area (""Cameron country"") circa mid 16th century. Others, with no documented connection to Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe or the Clan Cameron, are simply descended from those with an occupational surname meaning tailor. Though Donald's father was XIV Chief of Clan Cameron, Donald, born out of wedlock, could not inherit the title. Nursed by

lines, honoring ""Taillear Dubh"" (""Black Taylor""). Taylor sept Taylor is a sept (""branch"") of Clan Cameron, a Scottish clan. Present day members of the Taylor sept hold the Scottish surname Taylor. Some members of the Taylor sept are descendents of Donald Cameron ('Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe'), who lived in the Scottish Highlands Lochaber area (""Cameron country"") circa mid 16th century. Others, with no documented connection to Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe or the Clan Cameron, are simply descended from those with an occupational surname meaning tailor. Though Donald's father was XIV Chief of Clan Cameron, Donald, born out of wedlock, could

"C. P. Taylor"
immigrated from Russia. He left school at 14 and began his working life as a radio and television repairman. In 1955, when he was 26, he met his first wife, Irene Diamond, in a drama group. In order for them to afford to marry, he took a job as a record salesman in Newcastle, the city where his mother had grown up. He and Irene lived there, in Fenham, for many years and had two children, Avram and Clare. In 1967 he married Elizabeth Screen, with whom he also had two children, David and Catheryn. Shortly after their marriage, he

"Zachary Taylor"
Elder William Brewster, a Pilgrim leader of the Plymouth Colony, a ""Mayflower"" immigrant, and a signer of the Mayflower Compact; and Isaac Allerton Jr., a colonial merchant, colonel, and son of ""Mayflower"" Pilgrim Isaac Allerton and Fear Brewster. Taylor's second cousin through that line was James Madison, the fourth president. His family forsook their exhausted Virginia land, joined the westward migration and settled near future Louisville, Kentucky, on the Ohio River. Taylor grew up in a small woodland cabin until, with increased prosperity, his family moved to a brick house. The rapid growth of Louisville was a boon for Taylor's

president than a failed one."" Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, on a plantation in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family of planters of English ancestry. His birthplace may have been Hare Forest Farm, the home of his maternal grandfather William Strother, though this has not been determined with certainty. He was the third of five surviving sons in his family (a sixth died in infancy) and had three younger sisters. His mother was Sarah Dabney (Strother) Taylor. His father, Richard Taylor, had served as a lieutenant colonel in the American Revolution. Taylor was a descendant of

"C. H. J. Taylor"
newspaper, ""The Southern Appeal"", as well as being dean of the Law Department at Morris Brown College. Taylor was born in slavery on a plantation near Marion, Alabama, possibly in 1856, although sources differ on the year of his birth, as about many details of his life. After the Civil War he went with his family to Savannah, where he was educated at Beach Institute, a school of the American Missionary Association. He may have attended Oberlin College, in Ohio, and have studied law at the University of Michigan. He claimed to have graduated from the latter institution, although there

"William Taylor (bishop)"
Ireland, to the colony of Virginia, about one hundred and thirty years ago"" (i.e. 1766). The Hickman family was of English ancestry and settled in Delaware in the late 1750s. Both families ""fought for American freedom in the Revolution of 1776"" and afterward emancipated their slaves. Taylor’s father, Stuart, was a ""tanner and currier—a mechanical genius of his times""; his mother was ""mistress of the manufacture of all kinds of cloth"". Both parents, he says, were of ""powerful constitution of body and mind…their English school education quite equal to the average of their day"". Before William was ten years old,

"American Horror Story: Freak Show"
one of the central antagonist during the season, Twisty the Clown. In August 2014, Patti LaBelle joined the cast for a four-episode story arc as the mother of Sidibe's character, named Dora, the Motts' housekeeper. Also in August 2014, it was revealed that Matt Bomer would be guest-starring in one episode as Andy, Dell's secret lover. Murphy took to his Twitter account to announce that the world's smallest woman Jyoti Amge has joined the cast as Ma Petite. Murphy had written a role specifically for """" alum Leslie Jordan, but he was unable to appear on the show due to

previous installment, """". The season garnered a total of twenty Emmy Award nominations, the most for any season of ""American Horror Story"" to date, including nominations for Outstanding Limited Series, and six acting nominations for Lange, O'Hare, Wittrock, Paulson, Bassett, and Bates. In addition, Paulson won for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie or Limited Series at the 5th Critics' Choice Television Awards. In Jupiter, Florida in 1952, German expatriate Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange), is the ambitious owner of one of the last struggling freak shows in the United States, entitled ""Fräulein Elsa's Cabinet of Curiosities,"" and is seeking her

jealousy and cruelty towards everyone in the troupe leads her to make selfish decisions to achieve her personal desires. In the middle of all the chaos is the mysterious killer clown known as Twisty (John Carroll Lynch), who murders and kidnaps the townspeople. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In November 2013, FX announced that the show had been renewed for a fourth season. Series co-creator Ryan Murphy hinted that clues about the fourth season would be hidden in the final episodes of the third season. In March 2014, the season was revealed to be set at a carnival, according to co-executive producer/writer Douglas Petrie.

"Freakish (TV series)"
Freakish (TV series) Freakish is an American horror web television series that premiered on October 10, 2016 on Hulu. The series features several high-profile social media stars and celebrities—including Liza Koshy, Hayes Grier, Meghan Rienks, Leo Howard, and Aislinn Paul—and focuses on a group of high-school students who are trapped inside their school when a nearby chemical plant explodes, resulting in residents and other infected students turning into mutated freaks. In July 2018, it was reported that the series had been cancelled after two seasons. The series follows a group of students who gather for school detention on a Saturday

own fame and stardom. She recruits conjoined twin sisters Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson), whose two heads share one body, as new members of her troupe after being identified by the police as fugitives since Bette's recent murder of their overprotective mother during an argument. When the sisters arrive, they were welcomed by their fellow freaks; Elsa's subordinate and confidante Ethel Darling (Kathy Bates) the bearded lady, her lobster-handed son Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters), Paul the Illustrated Seal (Mat Fraser), the giantess Amazon Eve (Erika Ervin), the legless Suzi (Rose Siggins), pinheads Salty and Pepper (Christopher Neiman and Naomi

"Freak Show (TV series)"
In the series finale, she was killed in a clambake by being cooked alive by a group of Orthodox Jews and then fed to ""The Jewish Messiah,"" a giant made up of circumcised foreskins. Her super power is ""Acidic Bitch Juice,"" an extremely potent form of saliva capable of eating through most kinds of metal, that she can project from her mouth. She also possesses the ability to transform herself into a liquid state, which can then absorb other super-powered individuals and draw upon their abilities to shape shift. World's Tallest Nebraskan (Brian Stack) - An especially tall man from

morbidly obese, middle-aged woman. Raised by eco-terrorists, she possesses numerous left-wing radical political views, has an anarchist symbol in her shell, and is an adherent to radical feminism. She often puts on demonstrations and rallies, at which she is usually the only participant. It has been implied that she has somewhat of a sordid sexual past, revealing that she's engaged in intercourse in such unconventional locales as the cockpit of an F-16. At times she is displayed as a den mother of sorts to the group, counting among her talents the ability to cook three different ways on a wok.

American Horror Story: Freak Show American Horror Story: Freak Show is the fourth season of the FX horror anthology television series ""American Horror Story"". It premiered on October 8, 2014 and concluded on January 21, 2015. The season is mainly set in 1952 Jupiter, Florida, telling the story of one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States, and their struggle for survival. Returning cast members from the of the series include: Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Denis O'Hare, Emma Roberts, Angela Bassett, Kathy Bates, Jessica Lange, Grace Gummer, Gabourey Sidibe, Danny Huston, Jamie Brewer, and Mare

scheduling conflicts. In September 2014, it was reported that """" alum Naomi Grossman would return to portray Pepper, which marks the first time a character appears in multiple seasons of the series. Lily Rabe also reprised her ""Asylum"" character Sister Mary Eunice McKee in the tenth episode, ""Orphans"". Mare Winningham made an appearance in the same episode, as Pepper's sister Rita. Neil Patrick Harris guest starred in two episodes as Chester, who takes over the freak show when Elsa leaves for Hollywood. Harris' husband, David Burtka, appeared in the season finale as Elsa's husband. At Paley Center for Media's 2014

but with the episodes shorter than a half-hour each, the series goes down easily."" Freakish (TV series) Freakish is an American horror web television series that premiered on October 10, 2016 on Hulu. The series features several high-profile social media stars and celebrities—including Liza Koshy, Hayes Grier, Meghan Rienks, Leo Howard, and Aislinn Paul—and focuses on a group of high-school students who are trapped inside their school when a nearby chemical plant explodes, resulting in residents and other infected students turning into mutated freaks. In July 2018, it was reported that the series had been cancelled after two seasons. The

"Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award"
2005 to commemorate Bill Russell. Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 players. Michael Jordan is a record six-time award winner. Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, Tim Duncan and LeBron James won the award three times in their careers. Jordan and O'Neal are the only players to win the award in three consecutive seasons (Jordan accomplished the feat on two separate occasions). Johnson is the only rookie ever to win the award, as well as the youngest at 20 years old. Andre Iguodala is the only winner to have not started every game in the series. Jerry West,

the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have

"Best NBA Player ESPY Award"
of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Six players have won the award more than once; Michael Jordan won the inaugural award and a total of four across his career. LeBron James has won the award a total of seven times, the most by any player, while Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Shaquille O'Neal have claimed two each. Player was a member of the winning team in the NBA Finals. <br>

the first ever awardee, is the only person to win the award while being on the losing team in the NBA Finals. Willis Reed, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Larry Bird, Hakeem Olajuwon, Kobe Bryant, and Kevin Durant won the award twice. Olajuwon, Durant, Bryant, and James have won the award in two consecutive seasons. Abdul-Jabbar and James are the only players to win the award for two teams. Olajuwon of Nigeria, who became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1993, Tony Parker of France, and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only international players to win the award. Duncan is an American citizen,

"NBA Most Improved Player Award"
award. Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 different players. No player has ever won the award twice. The most recent recipient is Victor Oladipo. Boris Diaw and Kevin Love are the only award winners to win an NBA Championship. Rony Seikaly, Gheorghe Mureșan, Boris Diaw, Hedo Türkoğlu, Goran Dragić, and Giannis Antetokounmpo are the only award winners not born in the United States; all but Seikaly were also trained completely outside the U.S. (Seikaly played college basketball at Syracuse). Only Alvin Robertson, Dana Barros, Tracy McGrady, Jermaine O'Neal, Danny Granger, Kevin Love, Paul George, Jimmy Butler,

"NBA Rookie of the Year Award"
award. The most recent Rookie of the Year winner is Ben Simmons. Twenty-one winners were drafted first overall. Sixteen winners have also won the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in their careers; Wilt Chamberlain and Wes Unseld earning both honors the same season. Nineteen of the forty two non-active winners have been elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Three seasons had joint winners—Dave Cowens and Geoff Petrie in the , Grant Hill and Jason Kidd in the , and Elton Brand and Steve Francis in the 1999–2000 season. Five players won the award unanimously (by capturing

"ABA Most Valuable Player Award"
ABA Most Valuable Player Award The Most Valuable Player (MVP) was an annual award first awarded in the . Every player who has won the award has played for a team with at least 45 regular-season wins. The inaugural award winner was Hall of Famer Connie Hawkins. Hall of Famer Julius Erving won the award three times, all with the New York Nets. Mel Daniels won it twice with the Indiana Pacers. Erving and George McGinnis were joint winners in the . Two rookies won the award: Spencer Haywood in the and Artis Gilmore in the . All are in

from wanting to make ""a family show with an interesting approach that we haven’t seen before"". The zombie angle also allowed Fresco to explore the concept of Narcissism stating that ""the undead are the ultimate narcissists. They want what they want when they want it and will do anything to just have what they want and don’t care about other people’s needs"" For the setting Fresco drew from his own experience growing up in San Fernando Valley. Santa Clarita was chosen because of its middle class inhabitants. The Hammonds' profession of realtors was chosen because ""It gets them out into

"Jorge Cruise"
Jorge Cruise Jorge Cruise (born March 6, 1971 in Mexico City, Mexico) is the author of the five-book diet series on ""The New York Times"" bestseller list: ""The Belly Fat Cure"" (2010), ""Body at Home"" (2009), ""The 12-Second Sequence"" (2009), ""The 3-Hour Diet"" (2006), and ""8 Minutes in the Morning"" (2002).[1] Cruise is the son of Gloria Cansino and Mel Maurer. Casino was a Mexican cinema star appearing in films alongside Burt Lancaster and Shelley Winters. Cruise was raised in San Diego where he lived with his family and sister Marta. Cruise was raised by his grandmother Maria with oppressive

the world"" as well as the ""forced friendliness"" inherent to the profession. In February 2017, advertising for the show sparked criticism in Germany, where Netflix promoted the show with posters depicting a human finger sliced up like a currywurst, a popular German fast food dish. After receiving more than 50 complaints that the advertising was glorifying violence and inducing fear, especially in children, the German Advertising Council, a self-regulatory institution, forwarded the complaints to the company. Netflix then decided to end the campaign and remove all posters. The first season of ""Santa Clarita Diet"" received generally positive reviews from critics.

"WWE Cruiserweight Championship"
appointed as the 205 Live General Manager. Maverick announced that there would be a 16-man single elimination tournament to crown a new WWE Cruiserweight Champion, with the finals to occur on the WrestleMania 34 pre-show. The tournament came down to Cedric Alexander and Mustafa Ali where Alexander defeated Ali to win the vacant championship. As of 23, 2019, there have been eleven reigns between nine champions and one vacancy. The inaugural champion was T.J. Perkins. The oldest champion is The Brian Kendrick, winning the title at 37 years old, while the youngest champion is Rich Swann when he won it

WWE Cruiserweight Championship The WWE Cruiserweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the Raw brand. Unveiled on September 14, 2016, as the award for the Cruiserweight Classic, which was won by T.J. Perkins, it is contested in WWE's cruiserweight division by wrestlers at a maximum weight of , the only active WWE championship with a weight limit. The current champion is Buddy Murphy, who is in his first reign. The championship was originally defended on ""Monday Night Raw"" before the premiere of the cruiserweight-exclusive ""205 Live"", after which, it

at 25. Neville and Enzo Amore have the most reigns at two. Neville also has the longest reign at 197 days (196 days as recognized by WWE), while Akira Tozawa has the shortest reign at 6 days (5 days as recognized by WWE). Neville also has the longest combined reign at 232 days (231 days as recognized by WWE). Buddy Murphy is the current champion in his first reign. He won the title on October 6, 2018 in Melbourne, Australia at WWE Super Show-Down by defeating Cedric Alexander. WWE Cruiserweight Championship The WWE Cruiserweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship

both ""Raw"" and ""205 Live"". In early 2018, Triple H was given creative control over ""205 Live"", as he has with the NXT brand, and began restructuring the show. Following WrestleMania 34, the cruiserweight division ceased appearing on ""Raw"" and now only compete on ""205 Live"". After then-champion Enzo Amore was released from WWE on January 23, 2018, and the title was vacated, it was announced that a general manager would be appointed for ""205 Live"" and would address the championship. On the January 30 episode of ""205 Live"", Drake Maverick (formerly known as Rockstar Spud in Impact Wrestling) was

round sections, allowing the holder's personal logo to be added to the championship belt; the default sections show silver and purple world maps with the WWE logo over them. During Neville's first reign, the color of the slash under the WWE logo on the center plate and default side plates were changed from purple to orange.. Originally, the championship was defended exclusively on ""Monday Night Raw"". On November 29, 2016, a cruiserweight-exclusive show on the WWE Network premiered called ""205 Live"". On the premiere episode, Rich Swann defeated The Brian Kendrick for the championship. The title then became defended on

"Cruiserweight (professional wrestling)"
main eventers and world heavyweight champions include Shawn Michaels, Chris Jericho, Dolph Ziggler, Christian, Rey Mysterio, Jeff Hardy, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, CM Punk, Seth Rollins, Finn Balor, and A.J. Styles. With so many successful lighter wrestlers achieving greater success outside the restriction imposed by weight classes, WWE considers the continued existence of a cruiserweight division as nonessential and redundant. However, in 2016, they announced the Cruiserweight Classic, a 32-man tournament for wrestlers under the weight limit used by MMA. T.J. Perkins won the Cruiserweight Classic and became the inaugural champion of the new WWE Cruiserweight Championship for WWE's Raw

"Cruiserweight Classic"
took place over four dates: June 23, July 13, August 26, and September 14, 2016. The winner was T.J. Perkins. NXT competitors Rich Swann, Tommaso Ciampa, and Johnny Gargano along with international standouts Zack Sabre Jr., Noam Dar, Ho Ho Lun, and Akira Tozawa were announced for the Cruiserweight Classic. At an independent show in Orlando, Florida on April 2, Lince Dorado joined the series. On April 24 at Progress Wrestling Chapter 29, Sabre Jr., Jack Gallagher also won a qualifying match, while on May 7 at Evolve 61, T.J. Perkins and Drew Gulak also joined the series. On June

Many cruiserweight wrestlers from around the world were given the chance to qualify for the 32-man tournament, which took place over four dates: June 23, July 13, August 26, and September 14, 2016. The final of the Cruiserweight Classic came down to T.J. Perkins and Gran Metalik. Before the final match, Triple H revealed that the winner would not only receive a trophy, but would also become WWE Cruiserweight Champion for the new cruiserweight division on the Raw brand. Perkins defeated Metalik to become the inaugural champion. Like the WWE Championship's side plates, the Cruiserweight title's side plates include removable

"WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)"
Championship on March 20, 1996. However, after the acquisition of World Championship Wrestling's assets by rival company WWE (then WWF), both lineages of the WCW Light Heavyweight Championship and the WCW Cruiserweight Championship are considered to be one and the same, and WWE refers to the holders of the Light Heavyweight Championship as former Cruiserweight Champions. Following the introduction of the Light Heavyweight Championship in 1991 (which WCW had considered to be a separate title, but WWE does not), a tournament was held to determine the inaugural champion. On October 27, Brian Pillman defeated Richard Morton in the tournament final

"RPW British Cruiserweight Championship"
Kingdom (IPW:UK) hosted a 8-man tournament, won by Marty Scurll. During his 2016 championship reign, Will Ospreay frequently travelled to Japan to work with New Japan Pro-Wrestling. This inactivity caused RPW to host a match to crown an interim champion, won by Josh Bodom. On April 13, 2017, Bodom defeated Ospreay to become undisputed champion. As of 23, 2019. As of 23, 2019. RPW British Cruiserweight Championship The British Cruiserweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW) promotion. The title was created and debuted on December 6, 2008. The current champion is David Starr,

"Corbin Bleu"
making them the first safe couple of the night. Keyshawn Johnson and Sharna Burgess, however, were the first to be eliminated this week, leaving 11 couples in the ballroom. Bleu and Smirnoff also won the week's ""Dance-Off Challenge"" and therefore received three bonus points. Corbin and his partner made it to the finals, but became the runners-up behind Amber Riley. In November 2017, Bleu returned to 25th season in Week eight, to participate in a trio Salsa with Jordan Fisher and his professional partner Lindsay Arnold. Bleu and Fisher they have some startling similarities in their personalities, so they were

very excited to finally get to work together, After the trio delivered their Salsa to audiences, They ended with 30 Score from the judges, and Bruno Tonioli said ""it was one of the best dances in the show's history"". Season 17 with professional partner Karina Smirnoff. Season 25 with Jordan Fisher and his professional partner Lindsay Arnold. Bleu's first professionally recorded song was titled ""Circles"" or ""Circles in My Mind"" for his then TV show, ""Flight 29 Down"". Bleu signed a contract with Hollywood Records, a Disney-owned label. His debut album ""Another Side"", was released in May 2007. The album

"Jenna Johnson (dancer)"
Pablo Di Pace and Cheryl Burke. Season 23 with celebrity partner Jake Austin Season 26 with celebrity partner Adam Rippon Season 27 with celebrity partner Joe Amabile In 2015, she began an on and off relationship with fellow DWTS pro Valentin Chmerkovskiy. In 2017, Chmerkovskiy confirmed that he and Johnson were dating again. On 14 June 2018, the couple shared their engagement on Instagram. Jenna Johnson (dancer) Jenna Michelle Johnson (born April 12, 1994) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2013, as she finished ladies' third runner-up on ""So You Think

"Kelly Monaco"
the season winner along with her professional partner, Alec Mazo, on the ABC reality television series ""Dancing with the Stars"", during its first season in 2005. Although she initially faced tough criticism from the judges, she maintained a positive outlook throughout the series. Among the events she experienced before her victory was a wardrobe malfunction in which the skimpy strap on her dress came apart during a Latin dance number. Monaco appeared in a ""Maxim"" cover feature in 2005, and the magazine also placed her at #13 on their annual Hot 100 List in 2006. In February 2009, Monaco expanded

to honor the thirteen nominees for the Do Something Award and to award $100,000 in recognition of their outstanding activism. In 2011, Bleu began dating actress Sasha Clements, whom he first met in a Toronto grocery store. On October 15, 2014, Bleu proposed to Clements in front of Cinderella's Castle at Orlando's Disney World with an engagement ring placed inside a glass slipper. They later appeared on TLC reality series ""Say Yes to the Dress"", which documented the bride-to-be's search for the perfect wedding gown. They married in front of 160 guests at Hummingbird Nest in Santa Susana, California, on

"Brittany Murphy"
is the most like me. And she's a penguin! George Miller always wanted one person to do both [the speaking and the singing]. I said, 'I can sing,' and I asked him to give me a shot. I don't think he took me very seriously, because most actors say they can do most things."" In late 2002, Murphy began dating Ashton Kutcher, her co-star in ""Just Married"". Once engaged to talent manager Jeff Kwatinetz, Murphy became engaged to Joe Macaluso in December 2005, a production assistant she met while working on the film ""Little Black Book"". In August 2006, they

"Kym Herjavec"
that she and her ""Dancing with the Stars"" season 20 partner, businessman Robert Herjavec, were in a relationship. On February 27, 2016, the couple became engaged. She and Herjavec married on July 31, 2016 in Los Angeles, and she has since changed her last name. In December 2017, she announced she and her husband are expecting their first child together. She later confirmed to ""People"" she is pregnant with twins. Herjavec gave birth to a son, Hudson Robert Herjavec, and a daughter, Haven Mae Herjavec, on April 23, 2018 at 7:44am and 7:45am. Kym Herjavec Kym Herjavec (née Johnson; born

"Coco Austin"
revue ""Peepshow"" from December 2012 to September 1, 2013, replacing Holly Madison in the role. Austin and Ice-T star in the reality television series ""Ice Loves Coco"", which premiered on June 12, 2011, on E!. The show ran for three seasons, and ended in February 2014. After the show's cancellation, tabloids reported that Austin and her husband were preparing to launch another reality series under Ryan Seacrest's production company. Austin and rapper-actor Tracy ""Ice-T"" Marrow were married in January 2002. They renewed their vows in Hollywood on June 4, 2011. As of 2006 they owned a penthouse apartment in North

"Alexis Skyy"
later opened The Bella Sky Spa in Atlanta, Georgia, in June 2016. The spa has since closed. In July 2017, Alexis joined the cast of """" to co-star with Ray J, Keyshia Cole, and Teairra Mari. Alexis is known for her feud with Masika Kalysha and a two-year relationship with Fetty Wap. Their relationship ended in April 2016. In January 2017, a sex tape featuring Fetty Wap and Skyy was leaked. She has also been linked to Love & Hip Hop castmate Solo Lucci. On October 14, 2017, Alexis Skyy announced that she was pregnant. On January 4, 2018, Alexis

Britney/Brittany
Emma's love-interest. Other recurring characters who appear in the episode are glee club member Mike Chang (Harry Shum, Jr.), Principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba), Coach Shannon Beiste (Jones), school reporter Jacob Ben Israel (Sussman), cheerleader Becky Jackson (Lauren Potter), school bullies Dave Karofsky (Max Adler) and Azimio (James Earl) and student Lauren Zizes (Fink). ""So You Think You Can Dance"" contestant Mark Kanemura appears as a backing dancer. The episode featured cover versions of five Spears songs, two of which were performed by Morris. ""Stronger"", ""...Baby One More Time"", ""Toxic"", ""I'm a Slave 4 U"", and ""Me Against the Music"" (featuring

"Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy"
Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy (French: ""Proclamation de l'abolition de la royauté"") was a proclamation by the National Convention of France announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792. The Convention's députés were instructed to put an end to the crisis that had broken out since the prevented flight to Varennes of Louis XVI (June 1791) and the bloody capture of the Tuileries (10 August 1792). Their middle-class origin and their political activity meant that most of them bore no sympathy for

full day after the monarchy, 22 September 1792, the first day of Year One. Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy (French: ""Proclamation de l'abolition de la royauté"") was a proclamation by the National Convention of France announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792. The Convention's députés were instructed to put an end to the crisis that had broken out since the prevented flight to Varennes of Louis XVI (June 1791) and the bloody capture of the Tuileries (10 August 1792). Their middle-class

process on 17 June. Then they voted a measure far more radical, declaring themselves the National Assembly, an assembly not of the Estates but of ""the People"". They invited the other orders to join them, but made it clear they intended to conduct the nation's affairs with or without them. In an attempt to keep control of the process and prevent the Assembly from convening, Louis XVI ordered the closure of the Salle des États where the Assembly met, making an excuse that the carpenters needed to prepare the hall for a royal speech in two days. Weather did not

more moderate Girondists and the more radical Montagnards inside the Convention, with rumour used as a weapon by both sides. The Girondists lost ground when they seemed too conciliatory. But the pendulum swung again and after Thermidor, the men who had endorsed the massacres were denounced as terrorists. Chaos persisted until the Convention, elected by universal male suffrage and charged with writing a new constitution, met on 20 September 1792 and became the new ""de facto"" government of France. The next day it abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. The following day – 22 September 1792, the first morning

"Law of 22 Prairial"
June, and demanded that the amendment of the previous day be revoked. Robespierre made a number of veiled threats and during the debate clashed particularly with Jean-Lambert Tallien. The Convention acceded to Robespierre's wishes and restored the original text of the decree Couthon had drafted. As the Terror accelerated and members felt more and more threatened, Tallien and others began to make plans for the overthrow of Robespierre. Less than two months later, on 27 July, Tallien and his associates overthrew Robespierre, beginning the Thermidorian Reaction. The Law of 22 Prairial was repealed on 1 August 1794 and Antoine Quentin

arrest 31 Girondin leaders, including Jacques Pierre Brissot. Following these arrests, the Jacobins gained control of the Committee of Public Safety on 10 June, installing the ""revolutionary dictatorship"". On 24 June, the Convention adopted the first republican constitution of France, variously referred to as the French Constitution of 1793 or Constitution of the Year I. It was progressive and radical in several respects, in particular by establishing universal male suffrage. It was ratified by public referendum, but normal legal processes were suspended before it could take effect. On 13 July, the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat – a Jacobin leader and

the monarchy, and the victory at the battle of Valmy on 20 September (the revolution's first military success) occurred on the same day as their meeting, thus confirming their convictions. When the député for Paris, Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, proposed abolition he met with little resistance; at most, Claude Basire, friend of Georges Jacques Danton, tried to temper the enthusiasm, recommending a discussion before any decision. However, abbé Henri Grégoire, constitutional bishop of Blois, replied strongly to any suggestion of discussion: Jean-François Ducos supported him in affirming that any discussion would be useless ""after the lights spread by 10 August"". The

who condemned both the emigration and the Assembly, and promised him refuge and support in his camp at Montmédy. On the night of 20 June 1791 the royal family fled the Tuileries Palace dressed as servants, while their servants dressed as nobles. However, late the next day, the King was recognised and arrested at Varennes and returned to Paris. The Assembly provisionally suspended the King. He and Queen Marie Antoinette remained held under guard. The King's flight had a profound impact on public opinion, turning popular sentiment further against the clergy and nobility, and built momentum for the institution of

"French First Republic"
the task of overseeing elections. The resulting Convention was founded with the dual purpose of abolishing the monarchy and drafting a new constitution. The Convention's first act, on 10 August 1792, was to establish the French First Republic and officially strip the king of all political powers. Citizen Louis Capet, by then a private citizen bearing his family name of Capet, was subsequently put on trial for crimes of high treason starting in December 1792. On 16 January 1793 he was convicted, and on 21 January, he was executed by guillotine. Throughout the winter of 1792 and spring of 1793,

He asserted: ""What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it want to be? Something."" The Estates-General convened in the Grands Salles des Menus-Plaisirs in Versailles on 5 May 1789 and opened with a three-hour speech by Necker. The Third Estate demanded that the credentials of deputies should be verified by all deputies, rather than each estate verifying the credentials of its own members, but negotiations with the other estates failed to achieve this. The commoners appealed to the clergy, who asked for more time. Necker then stated that

"The Lego Batman Movie"
order to stop the Joker's latest plan. The film features Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film alongside Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson and Ralph Fiennes. ""The Lego Batman Movie"" had its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland on January 29, 2017, and was released in the United States on February 10, 2017. Internationally, the film was released in 3D, RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, IMAX and IMAX 3D. The film received positive reviews with critics praising its animation, voice acting, soundtrack, visual style and humor and was also commercially successful, having grossed $312 million worldwide against a

"The Lego Movie"
a shortage of Lego products by September 2014. Because of its critical and commercial success, ""The Lego Movie"" has been turned into a franchise and a shared fictional universe, it consists of: A direct sequel to the film, entitled """", is scheduled for release on February 8, 2019 with Chris Pratt, Elizabeth Banks and Will Arnett reprising their roles of Emmet, Wyldstyle and Batman respectively and Tiffany Haddish joining the cast. There are two spin-off films, the first two of which, ""The Lego Batman Movie"" and ""The Lego Ninjago Movie"", were both released in 2017. A third spin-off titled ""The

Channing Tatum. By August 2012, Elizabeth Banks was hired to voice Lucy (later getting the alias ""Wyldstyle"") and Morgan Freeman to voice Vitruvius, an old mystic. In October 2012, Warner Bros. shifted the release date for the film, simply titled ""Lego"", to February 7, 2014. In November 2012, Alison Brie, Will Ferrell, Liam Neeson, and Nick Offerman signed on for roles. Brie voices Unikitty, a member of Emmet's team; Ferrell voices the antagonist President/Lord Business; Neeson voices Bad Cop/Good Cop and Offerman voices MetalBeard, a pirate seeking revenge on Business. In July 2012, a Lego-user contest announced on the film's

to be infuriated by Barbara's plans to restructure the police to function without the need of Batman. Without warning, Joker crashes the party with the city's other villains, all of whom surrender with the exception of Harley Quinn who disappears during the confusion. Suspecting his arch-rival is up to something, Batman plots to steal Superman's Phantom Zone Projector, a device that can banish anyone to the Phantom Zone which houses some of the most dangerous villains in the Lego multiverse. Just as he plans his heist of the device, Alfred intervenes and advises him to take care of Dick Grayson

The Lego Batman Movie The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 computer-animated superhero comedy film produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame-Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the ""Lego Batman"" toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia and Denmark, and the first spin-off installment of ""The Lego Movie"" franchise. The story centers on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear in

"Lego Dimensions"
Menville), Frodo (Elijah Wood), and MetalBeard (Nick Offerman) are pulled into the vortexes, each unknowingly in possession of one of the Elements, Batman (Troy Baker), Gandalf (Tom Kane), and Wyldstyle (Elizabeth Banks) all jump in after them. The three get pulled into the same vortex and appear on Vorton, where the vortex generator they came out of explodes, prompting them to rebuild it. Aided by X-PO, the three use the generator to travel through the multiverse and search for the Foundation Elements and the five missing Keystones that power the generator, hoping to find their missing friends and stop Vortech's

The Lego Movie The Lego Movie is a 2014 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film written and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller from a story by Lord, Miller and Dan and Kevin Hageman. Based on the Lego line of construction toys, the story focuses on an ordinary Lego minifigure who finds himself being the only one to help a resistance stop a tyrannical businessman from gluing everything in the Lego worlds into his vision of perfection. Chris Pratt, Will Ferrell, Elizabeth Banks, Will Arnett, Nick Offerman, Alison Brie, Charlie Day, Liam Neeson and Morgan Freeman provide their voices for

of revelation as well as ridicule."" Michael O'Sullivan of ""The Washington Post"" praised the film for its heart, humor, and action which, ""snap together, with a satisfying click."" On December 5 2018, Chris McKay announced a sequel to the film was in the works at Warner Bros. with him once again directing. The Lego Batman Movie The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 computer-animated superhero comedy film produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame-Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil

is a nod to the romantic comedy ""Never Been Kissed"". The film's other references include ""Gleaming the Cube"" and ""Gymkata"". A scene from ""The Lego Movie"" is reused in the film where Emmet is going down the portal to the real world. The film's original score was composed by Lorne Balfe and features Red Hot Chili Peppers' drummer Chad Smith. This makes the film the first in the franchise to replace Mark Mothersbaugh as composer. The soundtrack was released on February 3, 2017, on CD and for digital download, while the vinyl version was released on May 19, 2017. The

had also joined Lord and Miller to co-direct. McKay explained that his role was to supervise the production in Australia once Lord and Miller left to work on ""22 Jump Street"". In March 2012, Lord and Miller revealed the film's working title, ""Lego: The Piece of Resistance"", and a storyline. In April 2012, Warner Bros. scheduled the film for release on February 28, 2014, a date that subsequently changed. By June 2012, Chris Pratt had been cast as the voice of Emmet, the lead Lego character, and Will Arnett voicing Lego Batman; the role of Lego Superman was offered to

"Pokémon (video game series)"
Most Spin-Off Movies"" and ""Most Photosensitive Epileptic Seizures Caused by a TV Show"". The ""Pokémon"" video game series is the basis of the ""Pokémon"" franchise, which includes the ""Pokémon"" anime, the ""Pokémon Trading Card Game"", the ""Pokémon"" manga, and various toys. The anime series has run for over 900 episodes, accompanied by 19 feature films, with a twentieth in production. The trading card game and its expansion sets have grown to around 3,000 unique cards in total, and continue to draw a healthy player base to its official international tournaments. The extent of global toy and merchandise sales since 1996

and Genesect) or Goldeen. Several Pokémon also appear as stage hazards/in stages, including Rayquaza, Ho-Oh and Manaphy. After the first five months of release, the Game Boy games sold almost 3 million copies. The series has sold over 279 million units (inclusive of spin-off titles; 210 million for the mainline Pokémon games) as of February 29, 2016, giving it the distinction of being one of the best-selling video game series in history. Guinness World Records awarded the ""Pokémon"" series eight records in ""Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008"", including ""Most Successful RPG Series of All Time"", ""Game Series With the

"Pokémon Trading Card Game"
played per turn. A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when ""Pokémon Gold"" and ""Silver"" introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese ""Dragon Selection"" set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese ""XY"" set to correspond to its introduction in the video games. Most Pokémon

"Play! Pokémon"
Each player builds a 40-card deck using the cards opened out of the six packs (not including basic Energy cards, which are provided at the event). At the end of each prerelease, players receive two extra booster packs. Players may also have the option of playing in a Theme Deck challenge instead of the Prerelease event, where they play for a theme deck and 4 booster packs. Premier Tournaments are meant for competition. There are six different types of Premier Tournaments ""(note that the following applies to the Canada and the United States only; other regions may have different prizes)"":

"Pokémon Trading Card Game (video game)"
player must defeat eight Club Masters, each with a different deck representing one of the game's elemental card types. Finally, the player faces four Grand Masters, and defeating them earns the player the right to inherit four powerful Legendary Cards. A total of 226 cards exist within the game, which include cards from the first three sets of the real-life game, as well as exclusive cards not available outside of the game. The player is given the opportunity to choose one of three starter decks at the start of their journey, each containing Pokémon cards revolving around the three possible

(starting with Treecko and ending with Deoxys) for a total of 386 species. It also features a more visually detailed environment compared to previous games, ""natures"" which affect Pokémon stats, a new 2-on-2 Pokémon battling mechanic, a special ability system applying to each Pokémon in battle, the Pokémon Contest sub-game, the new region of Hoenn, the ability to select the protagonist's gender and Secret Bases: customizable ""rooms"" where the player can display items they have collected in game and battle against real friends. Secret Bases can be found in bushes, trees or small cave openings in landscapes by using the

of spin-off games based on the series have been developed by various companies, encompassing other genres such as action role-playing, puzzle, fighting, and digital pet games. Including spin-offs, as of November 24, 2017, more than 300 million ""Pokémon"" games have been sold worldwide on handheld and home consoles, across 76 titles. This makes ""Pokémon"" the second best-selling video game franchise, behind Nintendo's own ""Mario"" franchise. In addition, ""Pokémon"" has had over 800million mobile game downloads worldwide. All of the licensed ""Pokémon"" properties overseen by The Pokémon Company are divided roughly by generation. These generations are roughly chronological divisions by release;

been released in English and 69 in Japanese. A rarely played format is Unlimited, in which all cards released in English are legal (except oversized cards, such as promotional boxes like Mega Blaziken Ex Premium Collection Box). Every few sets, new Mechanics or types of cards are introduced to the game. Several of these include: Dark Pokémon (""Team Rocket""); Owners' Pokémon and Stadium cards (""Gym Heroes""); Darkness-type and Metal-type Pokémon, the second generation, and Pokémon Tools (""Neo Genesis""); Shining Pokémon (""Neo Revelation""); Light Pokémon (""Neo Destiny""); Supporter cards and Technical Machines (""Expedition""); Crystal-type Pokémon (""Aquapolis""); Pokémon-ex (""EX Ruby & Sapphire"");

"Pokémon"
game with over 25.7billion cards sold, an anime television series that has become the most successful video game adaptation with over 20 seasons and 1,000 episodes in 124 countries, as well as an anime film series, a , books, manga comics, music, and merchandise. The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media, such as the ""Super Smash Bros."" series. In November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of ""Pokémon"", announced that it had agreed not to renew the ""Pokémon"" representation agreement. The Pokémon Company International oversees all ""Pokémon"" licensing outside Asia. The franchise celebrated in

tournaments, which allows players to earn larger prizes and play in a more competitive environment in comparison to League. These range from City and State Championships, all the way up to the Pokémon World Championships, the single invite-only event of the year. Players can earn invites to the World Championships by winning or ranking high at National Championships, doing well at tournaments to get Championship Points, or by qualifying in the Last Chance Qualifier. The World Championships is a three-day tournament, with one eventual winner in each age group; the winner of the Masters Division age group is generally noticed

"Geography of Australia"
country, a continent and an island. It is located in Oceania between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. It is the sixth largest country in the world with a total area of (including Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island), making it slightly smaller than the 48 states of the contiguous United States and 31.5 times larger than the United Kingdom. The Australian mainland has a total coastline length of with an additional of island coastlines. There are 758 estuaries around the country with most located in the tropical and sub-tropical zones. Australia claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone

Australia
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. The population of / 1000000 round 0 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other

Australia
Rim nations, while maintaining close ties with Australia's traditional allies and trading partners. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, with the Coral Sea lying off the Queensland coast, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. The world's smallest continent and sixth largest country by total area, Australia—owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed the ""island continent"", and is sometimes considered the world's largest island. Australia has of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of . This exclusive economic

Australia
McClintock and Mount Menzies, at and respectively. Australia's size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. The desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm. The population density, 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, is among the lowest in the world, although a large proportion of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern

"Australia (continent)"
overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. Melbourne is also fairly multicultural, having the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe, and the second largest Asian population in Australia after Sydney. Australia is the only first world country in the Australian-New Guinea continent, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the

Geography of Australia The geography of Australia encompasses a wide variety of biogeographic regions being the world's smallest continent but the sixth-largest country in the world. The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French dependency of New Caledonia to the east, and New Zealand to the southeast. Australia is a

of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent, Zealandia and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven-continent model. Papua New Guinea, a country within the continent, is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse countries in the world. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18 percent of its people live

Oceania
island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. New Zealand and Australia are the only developed nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and

Australia
zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory. Apart from Macquarie Island, Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44°S, and longitudes 112° and 154°E. The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the north-east coast and extends for over . Mount Augustus, claimed to be the world's largest monolith, is located in Western Australia. At , Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland. Even taller are Mawson Peak (at ), on the remote Australian external territory of Heard Island, and, in the Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount

Australia
major metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians for about 60,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century. It is documented that Aborigines spoke languages that can be classified into about 250 groups. After the European exploration of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, who named it New Holland, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day. The population grew steadily in

"Heroes and Villains (Only Fools and Horses)"
Heroes and Villains (Only Fools and Horses) ""Heroes and Villains"" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, ""Only Fools and Horses"", first screened on 25 December 1996 as the first part of the 1996 Christmas trilogy and the thirteenth Christmas special. It attracted a UK television audience of 21.3 million, at the time a record for the show. In the episode, Del and Rodney are invited to a fancy dress party. They arrive dressed as Batman and Robin. The episode opens with Rodney's futuristic dream, in which a grown-up Damien, head of the now multinational and all-powerful ""Trotters Independent Traders"",

"It Never Rains..."
Del says ""It's early yet!"". Mungo Jerry: In The Summertime It Never Rains... ""It Never Rains..."" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, ""Only Fools and Horses"". It was the sixth episode of series 2, and was first screened on 25 November 1982. In the episode, Del, Rodney and Grandad go on holiday to Spain. All is going well until Grandad gets arrested. It has been endlessly raining for four days in Peckham, and the Trotters have not been able to flog any of their sun-hats. At ""The Nag's Head"", Del Boy bumps into his friend Alex, a down-on-his-luck travel

"Only Fools and Horses"
behind the Bristol City football ground. Sixty-four episodes of ""Only Fools and Horses"", all written by John Sullivan, were broadcast on BBC1 from 8 September 1981 until 25 December 2003. The show was aired in seven series (1981–1983, 1985–1986, 1989 and 1990–1991), and thereafter in sporadic Christmas special editions (1991–1993, 1996, 2001–2003). All earlier episodes had a running time of 30 minutes, but this was extended after Series Six (1989), and all subsequent episodes had a running time ranging from 50 to 95 minutes. Several mini-episodes were produced. An eight-minute episode aired on 27 December 1982 as part of a

Only Fools and Horses Only Fools and Horses is a British sitcom created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991, with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003. Episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold and occasionally repeated on Yesterday and BBC One. Set in Peckham in south-east London, it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek ""Del Boy"" Trotter, Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney Trotter, and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad. After Pearce's

"The Miracle of Peckham"
The Miracle of Peckham ""The Miracle of Peckham"" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, ""Only Fools and Horses"". It was the second episode of series 5, and was first broadcast on 7 September 1986. In the episode, Del witnesses a miracle at his local church, which creates a media frenzy. While Rodney worries about what a muscular man named Biffo is going to do to him for drunkenly stealing his trumpet the previous night (to make matters worse, Albert has subsequently thrown the trumpet down the rubbish chute), Del Boy goes to church to seek forgiveness for some stolen

"Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses)"
Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses) ""Stage Fright"" is an episode of the BBC sitcom ""Only Fools and Horses"". It was the third episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 13 January 1991. In the episode, Del wins a contract to put on the entertainment at the Starlight Rooms, and arranges for Raquel and a club singer named Tony Angelino to perform a duet, unaware that Tony has a speech impediment. The scene when Raquel and Tony perform Crying was named the 8th Greatest Only Fools Moments by UKTV Gold. Raquel is now three months pregnant, and Del Boy

Rodney's attempts to survive on his own with help from Mickey Pearce, but leaving open the prospect of Del's return. Jason then changed his mind, and the ending of the episode was changed to show Del rejecting the offer. Sullivan had a tendency to write scripts that were too long, meaning a lot of good material had to be cut. Shortly before filming of the sixth series began, he and Jason requested that the show's time slot be extended and it was agreed to extend its running time to 50 minutes. This required a 40 per cent increase in the

third week of the series' run and continued until the end of season two. The first episode of a storyline would typically end with Batman and Robin being in a deathtrap, while the narrator (Dozier) would tell viewers to watch the next night with the repeated phrase: ""Tune in tomorrow—same Bat-time, same Bat-channel!"" Even decades after the show ceased production, this catch-phrase remains a long-running punchline in popular culture. Television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked ""Batman"" as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time in their 2016 book titled ""TV (The Book)"", stating that ""West's

"The Frog's Legacy"
also establish that Del, as a young man, only ever knew Robdal as ""Uncle Fred"", which explained why Del was unfamiliar with Robdal's real name until Uncle Albert drunkenly told him the truth about Robdal's past with the Trotters. The Frog's Legacy ""The Frog's Legacy"" is the sixth Christmas special episode of the BBC sitcom, ""Only Fools and Horses"". It was first broadcast on 25 December 1987. In the episode, the Trotters search for the hidden gold legacy of Frederick ""Freddie the Frog"" Robdal, an old friend of their mother's. Del Boy, Rodney and Albert go to Hampshire to attend

Sullivan was persuaded to do it himself by Ray Butt. Despite the creation of a new theme tune, the original one remained in occasional use. Chas & Dave did later contribute to the show, performing the closing credits song for the 1989 episode ""The Jolly Boys' Outing"". Both songs are performed by Sullivan himself, and not – as is sometimes thought – by Nicholas Lyndhurst. The opening credits see images of the three principal actors peel on and off the screen sequentially. These appear over a background of still photographs of everyday life in South London. The sequence was conceived

"WrestleMania 31"
Daniel Bryan, R-Truth, Dean Ambrose, Luke Harper, Dolph Ziggler, and Stardust. Bryan won the match after he and Ziggler exchanged headbutts at the top of the ladder, causing Ziggler to fall backwards and allowing Bryan to claim his first Intercontinental Championship. Next, Seth Rollins faced Randy Orton. During the match, both men kicked out of their finishers. Orton eventually won the match after a second ""RKO"", which was given additional elevation as Orton countered Rollins' ""Curb Stomp"" by propelling Rollins up into the air. After that, Sting and Triple H competed in a No Disqualification Match. This was Sting's first

California (after 2, VII, XII, 2000, and 21), and the sixth to be held in an open-air venue (after IX, XXIV, XXVI, XXVIII, and 29). The card consisted of nine matches, including two on the preshow, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by WWE's writers. Storylines between the characters played out on WWE's primary television programs, ""Raw"" and ""SmackDown"". At Royal Rumble, Brock Lesnar successfully defended his WWE World Heavyweight Championship against John

winning cleanly, a fatal four-way match was scheduled for Payback where Roman Reigns, Dean Ambrose and Orton went for the title. Ambrose and Reigns were given title shots after beating Rollins on consecutive ""Raw"" shows. Rollins then defended the title against Ambrose at Elimination Chamber due to Ambrose stealing the title two weeks before the event. Rollins again retained at Money in the Bank after being demanded by The Authority to win without any form of assistance. The following night on ""Raw"", Brock Lesnar would then return to face Rollins in the main event of Battleground, and their match ended

of the ""Terminator Genisys"" themed grand entrance of Triple H, and later being recognized as part of the 2015 WWE Hall of Fame class as a celebrity wing inductee. Two matches were contested on the ""WrestleMania Kickoff"" pre-show. The first was a fatal four-Way tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship between the champions Tyson Kidd and Cesaro (with Natalya), The New Day (Kofi Kingston and Big E) (with Xavier Woods), Los Matadores (Diego and Fernando) (with El Torito), and The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) (with Naomi). Kidd and Cesaro retained their titles after Big E suffered

faced Bray Wyatt. This was Undertaker's first appearance since WrestleMania XXX. It was reported that Wyatt legitimately injured his ankle earlier in the day while preparing for the match, resulting in both men working at a slow pace. While Wyatt largely controlled the offense, Undertaker was able to execute most of his signature moves such as ""Old School"", the big boot, and ""Snake Eyes"". Late in the match, Wyatt kicked out of a ""Tombstone Piledriver"", while Undertaker kicked out of ""Sister Abigail"". In the end, Undertaker executed a second ""Tombstone Piledriver"" to pick up the win. In the main event,

"Royal Rumble (2011)"
Morrison, Mark Henry (with the assistance of The Nexus), Chris Masters, Tyler Reks, WWE Tag Team Champion Vladimir Kozlov and R-Truth over the top rope. Booker T was a surprise entrant at #21 but his return was only short-lived as he was eliminated by Mason Ryan after performing his signature moves, the Scissors Kick on David Otunga, the Book End on Michael McGillicutty and his signature taunt, the Spinaroonie. John Cena entered next and eliminated seven men, that being Ryan, Otunga, McGillicutty, CM Punk, Tyson Kidd, Heath Slater and Alex Riley (the last of them was assisted by Kofi Kingston).

a spectacle fitting of the Grandest Stage of Them All"". Dave Meltzer reported that members of Roman Reigns' family were legitimately upset at the finish of the main event, writing that especially his father Leati/Sika was furious to the point that there was ""nearly a bad scene"". The following night on ""Raw"" in San Jose, Brock Lesnar wanted to invoke his WWE World Heavyweight Championship rematch clause, but was denied by new champion Seth Rollins. Lesnar responded by attacking Rollins, who escaped. Lesnar then attacked Rollins' cornermen J&J Security (Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury), a cameraman, and the broadcast announcers

March 2 episode of ""Raw"" and the March 12 episode of ""SmackDown"", R-Truth, Dean Ambrose, Luke Harper, Dolph Ziggler, Stardust and Daniel Bryan were added to the match. At Fastlane, Rusev defeated John Cena to retain the United States Championship after hitting Cena with a low blow (while the referee was distracted with Lana) and making him pass out to the ""Accolade"" submission hold. In the following weeks, Cena challenged Rusev to a rematch, which Rusev declined. On the March 2 episode of ""Raw"", Stephanie McMahon decreed that Cena would not compete at WrestleMania unless Rusev agreed to a match.

alike. John Powell of Canadian Online Explorer gave the event a perfect 10 out of 10 star rating, calling it ""the best Mania ever"", with the main event between Brock Lesnar, Roman Reigns, and Seth Rollins rated 8.5 stars out of 10. Sting vs. Triple H received the highest rating of 9 stars out of 10, and Undertaker vs. Bray Wyatt was rated 8 stars out of 10. In his live report from the event, Dave Meltzer of the ""Wrestling Observer Newsletter"" described the event as ""one of the best shows I've ever seen. Several great matches, a killer angle

"WrestleMania 32"
WrestleMania 32 WrestleMania 32 was the thirty-second annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE. It took place on April 3, 2016, at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Twelve matches were contested at the event (including three matches on the pre-show). Four matches were particularly considered to be the marquee attractions. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated Triple H to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, while Shane McMahon (in his first match since 2009) lost to The Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell match, Brock Lesnar defeated Dean Ambrose in

"Supreme Court of the United States"
or receive official endorsements from political parties, as is accepted practice in the legislative and executive branches. Jurists are, however, informally categorized in legal and political circles as being judicial conservatives, moderates, or liberals. Such leanings, however, generally refer to legal outlook rather than a political or legislative one. The nominations of justices are endorsed by individual politicians in the legislative branch who vote their approval or disapproval of the nominated justice. Following the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch in 2017, and prior to Anthony Kennedy's retirement in July 2018, the Court consisted of five justices appointed by Republican presidents and

Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and, by custom, is elected chancellor of the board. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 people have served as chief justice. The first was John Jay (1789–1795). The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, and William Rehnquist were previously confirmed for associate justice and subsequently confirmed for chief justice separately. The United States Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of Chief Justice, but presupposes its existence with a single reference in : ""When the President of the United

"History of the Supreme Court of the United States"
replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who died on February 13, 2016. However, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to hold hearings on Garland, and his nomination expired on January 3, 2017. On January 31, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Neil Gorsuch to replace Scalia, and he was confirmed on April 7, 2017. On July 9, 2018, President Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh to replace the retiring Justice Anthony Kennedy. He was confirmed on October 6, 2018. History of the Supreme Court of the United States The following is a history of the Supreme Court of the United States, organized by Chief Justice.

congressional seats, the Chief Justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in other positions. Chief Justice John Jay served as a diplomat to negotiate the so-called Jay Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London of 1794), Justice Robert H. Jackson was appointed by President Truman to be the U.S. Prosecutor in the Nuremberg trials of leading Nazis, and Chief Justice Earl Warren chaired The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. As described above, the Chief Justice holds office in the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress. Under , when

four appointed by Democratic presidents. It is popularly accepted that Chief Justice Roberts and associate justices Thomas, Alito, and Gorsuch, appointed by Republican presidents, comprise the Court's conservative wing. Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor and Kagan, appointed by Democratic presidents, comprise the Court's liberal wing. Justice Kennedy, appointed by Republican president Reagan, was generally considered ""a conservative who has occasionally voted with liberals,"" and up until Justice Scalia's death, he was often the swing vote that determined the outcome of cases divided between the conservative and liberal wings. Gorsuch had a track record as a reliably conservative judge in the 10th

Chief Justice after Rehnquist died). Despite the variability, all but four presidents have been able to appoint at least one justice. William Henry Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Likewise, Zachary Taylor died 16 months after taking office, but his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Andrew Johnson, who became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, was denied the opportunity to appoint a justice by a reduction in the size of the Court. Jimmy Carter is the

American justice in 1967. Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice in 1981. Marshall was succeeded by African-American Clarence Thomas in 1991. O'Connor was joined by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1993. After O'Connor's retirement Ginsburg was joined in 2009 by Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic and Latina justice, and in 2010 by Elena Kagan, for a total of four female justices in the Court's history. There have been six foreign-born justices in the Court's history: James Wilson (1789–1798), born in Caskardy, Scotland; James Iredell (1790–1799), born in Lewes, England; William Paterson (1793–1806), born in County Antrim, Ireland; David Brewer

"John Roberts"
in a cottage in Knocklong, an Irish village in County Limerick. In August 2010, Roberts sold his stock in Pfizer, which allowed him to participate in two pending cases involving the pharmaceutical maker. Justices are required to recuse themselves in cases in which they own stock of a party. The University of Michigan Law Library (External Links, below) has compiled fulltext links to these articles and a number of briefs and arguments. John Roberts John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American attorney serving as the 17th and current Chief Justice of the United States, since 2005.

of a chief justice, currently John Roberts, and eight associate justices. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of days () as of ; the most recent justice to join the court is Brett Kavanaugh, whose tenure began on October 6, 2018. This graphical timeline depicts the length of each current Supreme Court justice's tenure (not seniority) on the Court: The Court currently has six male and three female justices. Among the nine justices, there is one African-American (Justice Thomas) and one Hispanic (Justice Sotomayor). Two of the justices were born

John Roberts John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American attorney serving as the 17th and current Chief Justice of the United States, since 2005. He was nominated by President George W. Bush after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, and has been described as having a conservative judicial philosophy in his jurisprudence. Even so, Roberts has shown a willingness to work with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc and is regarded as a key swing vote on the Court. Roberts was born in Buffalo, New York, but grew up in northwest Indiana and was educated in

Swedes
recent genetic analysis, both mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between Swedes and other Germanic ethnic groups. For the global genetic make-up of the Swedish people and other peoples, see and . Paternally, through their Y-DNA haplogroups, the Swedes are quite diverse and show strongly of Haplogroup I1d1 at over 40% of the population tested in different studies, followed by R1a1a and R1b1a2a1a1 with over 20% each and haplogroup N1c1 with over 5% at different regional variance. The rest are within haplogroups J and E1b1b1 and other less common ones. Maternally, through their mtDNA haplogroups, the

"Demographics of Sweden"
annually. During the 1990s, birth rate increased by more than 100,000 children per year while death rates fell and immigration surged. In the early 2000s, birth rate declined as immigration increased further, with the context of unrest in the Middle East, upholding steady population growth. The majority of the population are Swedes or Swedish people. The Sweden Finns are a large ethnic minority comprising approximately 50,000 along the Swedish-Finnish border, and 450,000 first and second generation immigrated ethnic Finns, mainly living in the Mälaren Valley region. Meänkieli Finnish has official status in parts of northern Sweden near the Finnish border.

In addition, Sweden's indigenous population groups includes the Sami people, historically a nomadic reindeer herding group that has been native to Fenno-Scandinavia for at least 5000 years. Today, the Sami language holds the status of official minority language in four municipalities in the Norrbotten county. Immigrants from the Middle East have been a rapidly growing share of Sweden's population. According to the government agency Statistics Sweden, the number of immigrants born in all of Asia (including the Middle East) rose from just 1,000 in 1950 to 295,000 in 2003. Most of those immigrants came from Iraq, Iran, Lebanon and Syria,

of Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities, and foreign-born or first-generation immigrants like Turks, Greeks, Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes and Norwegians. Population little increases during 2004-2012 have mainly been attributed to immigration from Muslim-majority countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia. This implies a larger influx of Muslim immigrants as opposed to any other religious group. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review. Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. In 1950 Sweden had fewer people aged 10-20 with more people ages 20-30 and 0-10. In 2017 the ratio of male to female remains steady at about

Swedes
Swedes show very strongly of haplogroup H at 25–30%, followed by haplogroup U at a 10% or more, with haplogroup J and T, K at around 5% each. The largest area inhabited by Swedes, as well as the earliest known original area inhabited by their linguistic ancestors, is in the country of Sweden, situated on the eastern side of the Scandinavian Peninsula and the islands adjacent to it, situated west of the Baltic Sea in northern Europe. The Swedish-speaking people living in near-coastal areas on the north-eastern and eastern side of the Baltic Sea also have a long history of

century, immigrant communities brought other languages, among others being Persian, Serbo-Croatian, Arabic and Neo-Aramaic. The majority (66%) of the population belongs to the Church of Sweden, the Lutheran church that was disestablished in 2000. This is because until 1996, those who had family members in the church automatically became members at birth. Other Christian denominations in Sweden include the Roman Catholic Church (see Catholic Church of Sweden), several Orthodox churches in diaspora, Baptist, Pentecostal, Neo-pietistic (""nyevangeliska"") and other evangelical Christian churches (""frikyrkor"" = 'free churches'). Shamanism persisted among the Sami people up until the 18th century, but no longer exists

Demographics of Sweden The demography of Sweden is monitored by Statistics Sweden (SCB). As of August 2018, the population of Sweden was estimated to be 10.2 million people, making it the 90th most populous country in the world. The three largest cities are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Approximately 85% of the country's population resides in villages with 200 persons or cities. Six out of ten Swedes do not live in an urban system with 50 000+ inhabitants, as defined by OECD. The 2005 Swedish census showed an increase of 475,322 compared to the 1990 census, an average increase of 31,680

Lindqvist
Lindqvist Lindqvist is a surname of Swedish origin. It means 'linden twig' (""lind"" means 'linden tree' (Tilia cordata), and ""kvist"" means 'twig"". In Sweden, about 23,000 people have this surname in some variation. ""Lindqvist"" is by far the most common spelling (69%), but frequent variations include ""Lindkvist"" (20%) and ""Lindquist"" (11%). Rare variations include ""Lindhqvist"" (0.09%, ""Lindqwist"" (0.07%) and ""Lindkuist"" (0.01). As of 2014, 73.8% of all known bearers of the surname ""Lindqvist"" (with this exact spelling) were residents of Sweden (frequency 1:608), 20.2% of Finland (1:1,240), 1.6% of Norway (1:1,075,153) and 1.4% of Denmark (1:17,976). In Sweden, the frequency

Svensson
descriptive. As of 2014, 90.6% of all known bearers of the surname ""Svensson"" were residents of Sweden (frequency 1:96), 2.9% of Denmark (1:1,713), 1.6% of Norway (1:2,917) and 1.4% of the United States (1:235,190). In Sweden, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:96) in the following counties: Svensson Svensson (also Svenson and anglicised Swensson, Swenson or Swanson) is the ninth most common Swedish family name, and literally means ""son of Sven"", or ""Sven's son"", originally a patronymic surname. Sven (in Danish and Norwegian also Svend and in Norwegian also ""Svein"") is a Nordic first name which

in Sweden, and is used by the government administration. Since 1999, Sweden has five officially recognised minority languages: Sami, Meänkieli, Standard Finnish, Romani chib and Yiddish. The Sami language, spoken by about 7,000 people in Sweden, may be used in government agencies, courts, preschools and nursing homes in the municipalities of Arjeplog, Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Kiruna and its immediate neighbourhood. Similarly, Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in the municipalities of Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala and Övertorneå and its immediate neighbourhood. Finnish is also official language, along with Swedish, in the city of Eskilstuna. During the mid to late 20th

"Heart rate"
Heart rate Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions (beats) of the heart per minute (bpm). The heart rate can vary according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide. It is usually equal or close to the pulse measured at any peripheral point. Activities that can provoke change include physical exercise, sleep, anxiety, stress, illness, and ingestion of drugs. The American Heart Association states the normal resting adult human heart rate is 60–100 bpm. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate, defined as above 100 bpm

hypothyroidism. Trained athletes tend to have slow resting heart rates, and resting bradycardia in athletes should not be considered abnormal if the individual has no symptoms associated with it. For example, Miguel Indurain, a Spanish cyclist and five time Tour de France winner, had a resting heart rate of 28 beats per minute, one of the lowest ever recorded in a healthy human. Daniel Green achieved the world record for the slowest heartbeat in a healthy human with a heart rate of just 26 bpm in 2014. Arrhythmias are abnormalities of the heart rate and rhythm (sometimes felt as palpitations).

significantly between individuals. Even within a single elite sports team, such as Olympic rowers in their 20s, maximum heart rates have been reported as varying from 160 to 220. Such a variation would equate to a 60 or 90 year age gap in the linear equations above, and would seem to indicate the extreme variation about these average figures. Figures are generally considered averages, and depend greatly on individual physiology and fitness. For example, an endurance runner's rates will typically be lower due to the increased size of the heart required to support the exercise, while a sprinter's rates will

pH. Normal blood pH falls in the range of 7.35–7.45, so a number lower than this range represents acidosis and a higher number represents alkalosis. Enzymes, being the regulators or catalysts of virtually all biochemical reactions - are sensitive to pH and will change shape slightly with values outside their normal range. These variations in pH and accompanying slight physical changes to the active site on the enzyme decrease the rate of formation of the enzyme-substrate complex, subsequently decreasing the rate of many enzymatic reactions, which can have complex effects on HR. Severe changes in pH will lead to denaturation

premature mortality; every 10 beats per minute increase in resting heart rate has been shown to be associated with a 10–20% increase in risk of death. In one study, men with no evidence of heart disease and a resting heart rate of more than 90 beats per minute had a five times higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Similarly, another study found that men with resting heart rates of over 90 beats per minute had an almost two-fold increase in risk for cardiovascular disease mortality; in women it was associated with a three-fold increase. Given these data, heart rate should

supply and gas exchange until the surgery is complete, and sinus rhythm can be restored. Excessive hyperthermia and hypothermia will both result in death, as enzymes drive the body systems to cease normal function, beginning with the central nervous system. Heart rate is not a stable value and it increases or decreases in response to the body's need in a way to maintain an equilibrium (basal metabolic rate) between requirement and delivery of oxygen and nutrients. The normal SA node firing rate is affected by autonomic nervous system activity: sympathetic stimulation increases and parasympathetic stimulation decreases the firing rate. A

However, a standard error of the estimate of 10.8 beats/min must be accounted for when applying the formula to clinical settings, and the researchers concluded that actual measurement via a maximal test may be preferable whenever possible. From Tanaka, Monahan, & Seals (2001): Their meta-analysis (of 351 prior studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects) and laboratory study (of 514 healthy subjects) concluded that, using this equation, HRmax was very strongly correlated to age (r = −0.90). The regression equation that was obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 − 0.7 x age), was virtually identical to that of the meta-study.

Physiological conditions where tachycardia occurs: Pathological conditions where tachycardia occurs: Bradycardia was defined as a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute when textbooks asserted that the normal range for heart rates was 60–100 bpm. The normal range has since been revised in textbooks to 50–90 bpm for a human at total rest. Setting a lower threshold for bradycardia prevents misclassification of fit individuals as having a pathologic heart rate. The normal heart rate number can vary as children and adolescents tend to have faster heart rates than average adults. Bradycardia may be associated with medical conditions such as

The results showed HRmax to be independent of gender and independent of wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. This study found a standard deviation of ~10 beats per minute for individuals of any age, meaning the HRmax formula given has an accuracy of ±20 beats per minute. In 2007, researchers at the Oakland University analyzed maximum heart rates of 132 individuals recorded yearly over 25 years, and produced a linear equation very similar to the Tanaka formula, HR = 206.9 − (0.67 × age), and a nonlinear equation, HR = 191.5 − (0.007 × age). The linear equation had

node, where the faster pacemaker cells driving the self-generated rhythmic firing and responsible for the heart's autorhythmicity are located. For endurance athletes at the elite level, it is not unusual to have a resting heart rate between 33 and 50 bpm. The ""maximum heart rate"" (HR) is the highest heart rate an individual can achieve without severe problems through exercise stress, and generally decreases with age. Since HR varies by individual, the most accurate way of measuring any single person's HR is via a cardiac stress test. In this test, a person is subjected to controlled physiologic stress (generally by

"National Pension System"
1 January 2004. The NPS was subsequently extended to all citizens of the country with effect from 1 May 2009, including self-employed professionals and others in the unorganized sector on a voluntary basis. Unlike traditional financial products where all the functions (sales, operations, service, fund management, depository) are done by one company, NPS follows an unbundled architecture where each step of the value chain has been made disjointed from the other. This unbundling not only allows the customer to mix and match his providers of service through the value chain, picking the best-suited option, but it also curbs the incidence

"Mandatory retirement"
the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, the UK Labour Government introduced a Default Retirement Age, whereby employers are able to terminate or deny employment to people over 65 without a reason. A legal challenge to this failed in September 2009, although a review of the legislation was expected in 2010 by the new Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government. This review has taken place and on 17 February 2011 BIS published the draft Regulations abolishing the Default Retirement Age. The draft Regulations were later revised and the final version was laid before Parliament on 1 March 2011. As of 6 April 2011,

"Retirement age"
will retire in January 2023 at age 62; those born in January 1967 will retire in January 2030 at age 63). The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2014 was males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age. This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the Asian investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided. Reforms tend to be phased-in

Retirement
late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto von Bismarck. A person may retire at whatever age they please. However, a country's tax laws or state old-age pension rules usually mean that in a given country a certain age is thought of as the ""standard"" retirement age. The ""standard"" retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 50 and 70 (according to latest statistics, 2011). In some countries this age is different for males and females, although this has recently been challenged in some countries (e.g., Austria), and in some countries the

"History of retirement"
History of retirement Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. There had been a long practice beginning in the Roman empire to

"Forty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India"
1 September 1976. The bill received assent from then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on 7 September 1976, and came into force on the same day. It was notified in ""The Gazette of India"" on 9 September 1976. Forty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India The Forty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Forty-first Amendment) Act, 1976, raised the age of retirement of the Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commissions from 60 to 62 years, by amending article 316(2) of the Constitution. The relevant amended text of clause (2) of article 316, after

but still working for 15-20 more years. History of retirement Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. There had been a long

"Old-Age Pensions Act 1908"
age of 70, with the cost being borne by younger generations. It was enacted in January 1909 and paid a weekly pension of 5s a week (7s 6d for married couples) to half a million who were eligible. The level of benefit was deliberately set low to encourage workers to also make their own provision for retirement. In order to be eligible, they had to be earning less than £31. 10s. per year, and had to pass a 'character test'; only those with a 'good character' could receive the pensions. One also had to have been a UK resident for

"Income drawdown"
of pension funds"" dates back to the Finance Act 1921. A requirement to annuitise between the ages of 60 and 70 was introduced by the Finance Act 1956. The upper age limit was increased to 75 by the Finance Act 1976. From 1995, in response to falling annuity rates, income drawdown was introduced as an alternative way of drawing an income and, under the original rules, purchasing an annuity no later than the 75th birthday. The limits for withdrawal, set by the Inland Revenue, using annuity rates calculated by the Government Actuary's Department (GAD), set limits to the withdrawals based

and hard ideological, social, cultural and political battles have been fought over whether this is a right. In many western countries this right is mentioned in national constitutions. Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, humans had an average life expectancy between 26 and 40 years. In consequence, only a small percentage of the population reached an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Countries began to adopt government policies on retirement during the

Blood
and deliver it to the body via arterioles and capillaries, where the oxygen is consumed; afterwards, venules and veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Under normal conditions in adult humans at rest, hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs is about 98–99% saturated with oxygen, achieving an oxygen delivery between 950 and 1150 ml/min to the body. In a healthy adult at rest, oxygen consumption is approximately 200–250 ml/min, and deoxygenated blood returning to the lungs is still roughly 75% (70 to 78%) saturated. Increased oxygen consumption during sustained exercise reduces the oxygen saturation of venous blood, which can

vessels (the vessels that run along the outer surface of the heart) remain open. Because of this, blood flow in the subendocardium stops during ventricular contraction. As a result, most myocardial perfusion occurs during heart relaxation (diastole) when the subendocardial coronary vessels are open and under lower pressure. Flow never comes to zero in the right coronary artery, since the right ventricular pressure is less than the diastolic blood pressure. The heart regulates the amount of vasodilation or vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries based upon the oxygen requirements of the heart. This contributes to the filling difficulties of the coronary

"Respiration (physiology)"
breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation, and whose gaseous composition differs markedly from that of the ambient air. Physiological respiration involves the mechanisms that ensure that the composition of the functional residual capacity is kept constant, and equilibrates with the gases dissolved in the pulmonary capillary blood, and thus throughout the body. Thus,

"Hepatic portal system"
hepatic vein. The hepatic vein subsequently drains into the inferior vena cava. The hepatic artery provides 30 to 40% of the oxygen to the liver, while only accounting for 25% of the total liver blood flow. The rest comes from the partially deoxygenated blood from the portal vein. The liver consumes about 20% of the total body oxygen when at rest. That is why the total liver blood flow is quite high, at about 1 litre a minute and up to two litres a minute. That is on average one fourth of the average cardiac output at rest. Large veins

"Regurgitation (circulation)"
types of heart valve regurgitation via insufficiency are as follows: Regurgitant fraction is the percentage of blood that regurgitates back through the aortic valve to the left ventricle due to aortic insufficiency, or through the mitral valve to the atrium due to mitral insufficiency. It is measured as the amount of blood regurgitated into a cardiac chamber divided by the stroke volume. This fraction affords a quantitative measure of the severity of the valvular lesion. Normally, no blood regurgitates, so the regurgitant fraction is zero. In patients with severe valvular lesions, regurgitant fraction can approach 80%. Regurgitation (circulation) Regurgitation is

Heart
to and from the body and the pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of respiration. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs. The right heart collects deoxygenated blood from two large veins, the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood collects in the right and left atrium continuously. The superior vena cava drains blood from above the diaphragm and empties into the upper back part of

"History of Formula One"
the engine and connected by a rod running through the V of the engine. This new technology gave Mercedes and their customer teams many advantages over their competitors due to the need for less cooling and a more compact power unit. The only other drivers to win races during this period are Daniel Ricciardo (7) and Max Verstappen (5) of Red Bull, along with Sebastian Vettel (13) and Kimi Räikkönen (1) of Ferrari. On top of this Mercedes have won the drivers' championship from 2014-2018 (4 for Hamilton and 1 for Rosberg) and have taken the constructors' title from 2014-2018,

"Formula One"
drivers have won the World Drivers' Championship, with Michael Schumacher holding the record for most championships with seven, as well as holding the race wins record. Juan Manuel Fangio and Lewis Hamilton have won the next most – five championships each. Jochen Rindt is the only posthumous World Champion, after his points total was not surpassed despite his fatal accident at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix, with 4 races still remaining in the season. Drivers from the United Kingdom have been the most successful in the sport, with 18 championships among 10 drivers, and 278 wins among 19 drivers. Most

"Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom"
champion. Lewis Hamilton won by just one point in 2008, with Jenson Button winning the following year, in 2009. Lewis Hamilton became the fourth British multiple world champion when he won his second title in 2014. The British Grand Prix has been won by eleven British drivers: Stirling Moss, Peter Collins, Jim Clark, Jackie Stewart, James Hunt, John Watson, Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill, Johnny Herbert, David Coulthard, and Lewis Hamilton. They have won the event 25 times between them. Eight other British men have also won Formula One races, but never the British Grand Prix. These are Mike Hawthorn, Tony

will give the drivers up to the equivalent of 160 hp when activated; the current KERS gives cars an extra 80 hp when activated. Since the start of the 2014 season, the Mercedes team and their drivers Lewis Hamilton, Nico Rosberg and Valtteri Bottas have dominated the sport, winning 74 of the 100 races (51 for Hamilton, 20 for Rosberg and 3 for Bottas). This astounding and historic winning streak has been the result of Mercedes development of the ""split turbocharger"", a system in which the compressor and turbine components of the turbo charger are placed at separate sides of

won the season he was disillusioned with the sport, having seen Ferrari teammate Peter Collins die in an accident at Nürburgring. Hawthorn had been reluctant to complete the season and quit Formula One immediately after the final race. Just a few months later, in January 1959, Hawthorn died when his speeding Jaguar skidded off a wet road. Nigel Mansell has won 31 Grands Prix, placing him seventh in the overall race winners' list and making him, by that measure, the second most successful British driver after Lewis Hamilton. He also holds the record for the most races completed in his

teams (largely funded by big car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz), caused the poorer independent teams to struggle not only to remain competitive, but to stay in business, and forced several teams to withdraw. Since , twenty-eight teams have withdrawn from Formula One. This has prompted former Jordan owner Eddie Jordan to say that the days of competitive privateers are over. Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won five consecutive Drivers' Championships (2000–2004) and six consecutive Constructors' Championships (1999–2004). Schumacher set many new records, including those for Grand Prix wins (91), wins in a season (thirteen of eighteen), and most Drivers' Championships (seven).

"Formula One racing"
change in the awarding of world championship points has rendered the comparison of historical teams and drivers to current ones largely ineffective. For instance, Michael Schumacher is widely credited with being the most successful GP driver of all time. While his statistics are very impressive and easily outstrip those of his nearest competitor, it is worth noting that his points tally vs points available, and winning percentage of grands prix entered, do not significantly exceed those of Juan Manuel Fangio, whom he recently dethroned as winner of the most World Championships. As with most other sports, it is very difficult

Network and Ten Network), David Coulthard (BBC and Channel 4), Luciano Burti for Globo (Brazil), and Jean Alesi for Italian national network RAI. Others, such as Damon Hill and Jackie Stewart, take active roles in running motorsport in their own countries. Carlos Reutemann became a politician and served as governor of his native state in Argentina. The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. The inaugural world championship season comprised only seven races, while the season contained twenty-one races. Although throughout the first decades of the world championship there were no more than eleven

harder compound could not grip the track as well. Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault (formerly Benetton), and Ferrari, dubbed the ""Big Four"", won every World Championship from to . The teams won every Constructors' Championship from to as well as placing themselves as the top four teams in the Constructors' Championship in every season between 1989 and 1997, and winning every race but one (the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix) between 1988 and 1997. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the cost of competing in Formula One increased dramatically. This increased financial burdens, combined with the dominance of four

"Italian Grand Prix"
One championship). Elio de Angelis and Riccardo Patrese both won the San Marino Grand Prix in 1985 and 1990 respectively, which was held not in the small principality, but at Imola near Bologna in Italy. Michael Schumacher has won it five times and both Nelson Piquet and Lewis Hamilton have won it four times. Ferrari have won their home Grand Prix 19 times. ""Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.""<br> ""A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.""<br> ""A yellow background indicates an event which

"Series (baseball)"
trip, and a team can be on the road for up to 20 games, or 4-5 series. When a team hosts series at home (mainly two-four consecutive series), it is called a homestand. During the Major League Baseball Postseason, there is only one wild card game (one in each League). The remainder of the Postseason consists of the League Division Series, which is a best-of-5 series, and the League Championship Series, which is a best-of-7 series, followed by the World Series, a best-of-7 series to determine the Major League Baseball Champion. The ""series"" schedule gives its name to the MLB

"Major League Baseball schedule"
the United States before the official Opening Day. It is possible for a given team to play a maximum of 20 games in the postseason in a given year, provided the team is a wild card and advances to each of the Division Series, Championship Series, and World Series with each series going the distance (5 games in the Division Series, 7 games each in the League Championship Series/World Series). The regular season is constructed from series. Due to travel concerns and the sheer number of games, pairs of teams are never scheduled to play single games against each other

the Pittsburgh Pirates. In 1994, each league was restructured into three divisions, with the three division winners and the newly introduced wild card winner advancing to a best-of-five playoff round (the ""division series""), the National League Division Series (NLDS) and American League Division Series (ALDS). The team with the best league record is matched against the wild card team, unless they are in the same division, in which case, the team with the second-best record plays against the wild card winner. The remaining two division winners are pitted against each other. The winners of the series in the first round

championship series, the World Series. The record for the longest series was set in 1904, when the St. Louis Browns played the Detroit Tigers for 11 consecutive games. Series (baseball) In baseball, a series refers to two or more consecutive games played between the same two teams. Historically and currently, professional baseball season revolves around a schedule of series, each typically lasting three or four games. In college baseball, there are typically midweek single games and weekend series, with all conference games in series of three games, with the second and fourth rounds of the NCAA Division I playoffs being

World Cup and generally disregarded its results. The Caribbean Series features competition among the league champions from Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela but unlike the FIFA Club World Cup, there is no club competition that features champions from all professional leagues across the world. World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is

teams have won 66 of the 114 World Series played (57.9%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.7% of all series played and 40.9% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.6% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories. When the first modern World Series was played in 1903, there were eight teams in each league. These 16 franchises, all of which are still in existence, have each won at least two World Series titles. The number of teams was

(except in the instance of making up a postponed game); instead they play games on several consecutive days in the same ballpark. Most often the series are of three or four games, but two-game series are also scheduled. Teams play one mid-week series and one weekend series per week. Depending on the length of the series, mid-week series games are usually scheduled between Monday and Thursday, while weekend games are scheduled between Thursday and Monday. Beginning in 2018, teams start and end their season on a weekend for a total of 26½ weeks. Due to the mid-week all-star break in

Major League Baseball schedule The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL), played over approximately six months—a total of 2,430 games, plus the postseason. The regular season runs from late March/early April to late September/early October, followed by the postseason which can run to early November. The season begins with the official Opening Day, and, as of 2018, runs 26½ weeks through the last Sunday of September or first Sunday of October. One or more International Opener games may be scheduled outside

World Series. A breakdown in collective bargaining led to a strike in August 1994 and the eventual cancellation of the rest of the season, including the playoffs. As the labor talks began, baseball franchise owners demanded a salary cap in order to limit payrolls, the elimination of salary arbitration, and the right to retain free agent players by matching a competitor's best offer. The Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) refused to agree to limit payrolls, noting that the responsibility for high payrolls lay with those owners who were voluntarily offering contracts. One difficulty in reaching a settlement was the

"The Flume (Alton Towers)"
The Flume (Alton Towers) The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in the world at the time of opening. The attraction closed in 2015 and was removed a year later for the area's redevelopment into the Wicker Man rollercoaster. The ride was approximately six minutes long and began with the loading of passengers into the boats, which had a maximum capacity

"Loggers Leap"
Loggers Leap Loggers Leap (also referred to as ""Logger's Leap"") is a log flume ride in Thorpe Park, UK. It was the tallest log flume ride in the UK when it opened, a record it regained in 2005 with the removal of """"Nightmare Niagara"""" from the now-defunct American Adventure theme park near Derby. The ride has been closed since the end of the 2015 season. Logger's Leap, opened in 1989, was manufactured by Mack and was the first major attraction in the now renamed 'Old Town'. The ride is themed around logging in the Canadian countryside and had a soundtrack

for The Black Hole, including a prehistoric family inside the tunnel section of the flume. In 2004 the ride was re-themed to 'The Flume' with a bath theme, as sponsored by a soap manufacturer; new 'bath' boats replacing the logs, new lining, maintenance, a refurbished station, a yellow duck, shower and other bath-time theming. In 2008, the area in which the ride operated was re-themed to Mutiny Bay, however the ride retained its bath time theme. Weeks before the beginning of the 2016 season, Alton Towers announced that the ride was to be closed permanently. On March 16, 2016, the

"Log Jammer (Kennywood)"
Log Jammer (Kennywood) Log Jammer was a log flume ride at Kennywood amusement park in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, United States. It opened on May 11, 1975, and was manufactured by Arrow Development. The ride was distinctive because of its spillway drop. Although featured on several Arrow flumes, all were eventually removed, with the exception of Log Jammer, making this the last remaining ride with that element. It was one of three water rides at Kennywood, the other two being Pittsburg Plunge and Raging Rapids. The ride was permanently closed at the end of the 2017 summer season on September 17,

"Log Jammer (Six Flags Magic Mountain)"
Log Jammer (Six Flags Magic Mountain) Log Jammer was a log flume at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. It opened with the park on May 29, 1971 and closed on October 31, 2011. Log Jammer opened on May 29, 1971, with Six Flags Magic Mountain. On April 5, 2006, Log Jammer was lightly damaged because a forklift truck hit one of the turning points, damaging several electricity cables. After a few days the attraction was ready for use again. Log Jammer was closed on October 31, 2011, at the end of the seasonal event Fright Fest. The ride

"Corkscrew (Alton Towers)"
was to be dismantled at the end of the 2008 season, to make room for the 2010 attraction TH13TEEN, then named Secret Weapon 6. On 9 November 2008 the park held a special event in honour of the attraction in which the Corkscrew completed the final circuit of its 730 m track. The official date for the last day in regular service was 2 November 2008 - the last day of the season. After being dismantled, the section of track which formed the two iconic corkscrew inversions was saved and is now displayed at the entrance to the park near

2017 and removed to make room for Steel Curtain, a roller coaster opening in 2019. There was controversy over the closing of the Log Jammer. Not only was the ride very iconic, the announcement was given on September 14th 2017, just 3 days before the closing date. Kennywood received minor social media backlash and online petitions were started in hopes of saving the ride. Log Jammer traveled through the wooded areas of Kennywood in the far right corner of the park. It was the park's first million-dollar ride. The ride included two lift hills, a spillway drop and a drop

"Big Bad Wolf (roller coaster)"
that the Big Bad Wolf would be retired after 25 years of operation. It officially closed on September 7, 2009. The land once occupied by Big Bad Wolf was cleared afterwards to make room for the construction of Verbolten, a new roller coaster that opened at the park in 2012. While the Drachen Fire roller coaster was in operation from 1992 to 1998, guests waiting in its line queue could view the Big Bad Wolf's village-themed area of the ride, as the pathway was situated nearby and offered a viewing area. Access to the viewing area was closed following Drachen

"Thunder Road (roller coaster)"
Thunder Road permanently on July 26, 2015, to make room for future expansion. The roller coaster was demolished in August 2015. As the trains left the station, they embarked on a gentle downward turn in opposite directions that went under the brake run. Both tracks met side-by-side to ascend the chain lift hill . Riders passed by four signs between the two tracks that together read, ""Grit your teeth"" ""Bear the load"" ""Enjoy your ride"" ""On Thunder Road"". The drop of was followed by several medium-sized air-time hills and a turnaround element that sent each train heading back to the

"Whistler Blackcomb"
trains, one for the uphill-moving side of the cable loop, and one for the downhill side. Upon inspection the next morning, maintenance crews discovered that the sheave train on the downhill side of tower 11 had failed, and that the sheave had turned into the path of a chair and forced it off the cable. The cause was later determined to be a failed bolt, and all of the bolts were replaced. The lift reopened on Sunday, February 22, 2009. The affected chair No. 37 was temporarily removed from operation; it has since been replaced. On Monday, August 31, 2009,

what happens when an air mass is pushed up and over a mountain range

"Orographic lift"
can create a variety of cloud effects. Orographic lift Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation. Precipitation induced by orographic lift occurs in many places throughout the world. Examples include: The highest precipitation amounts are found slightly upwind from the prevailing winds at the crests of mountain ranges, where they relieve and therefore the upward lifting

Orographic lift Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation. Precipitation induced by orographic lift occurs in many places throughout the world. Examples include: The highest precipitation amounts are found slightly upwind from the prevailing winds at the crests of mountain ranges, where they relieve and therefore the upward lifting is greatest. As the air descends the

descends, it is compression heated. The warm foehn wind, locally known as the Chinook wind, Bergwind or Diablo wind or Nor'wester depending on the region, provide examples of this type of wind, and are driven in part by latent heat released by orographic-lifting-induced precipitation. A similar class of winds, the Sirocco, the Bora and Santa Ana winds, are examples where orographic lifting has limited effect since there is limited moisture to remove in the Saharan or other air masses; the Sirocco, Bora and Santa Ana are driven primarily by (adiabatic) compression heating. As air flows over mountain barriers, orographic lift

"Convective overshoot"
Convective overshoot Convective overshoot is a phenomenon of convection carrying material beyond an unstable region of the atmosphere into a stratified, stable region. Overshoot is caused by the momentum of the convecting material, which carries the material beyond the unstable region. One example is thermal columns extending above the top of the equilibrium level (EL) in thunderstorms: unstable air rising from (or near) the surface normally stops rising at the EL (near the tropopause) and spreads out as an anvil cloud; but in the event of a strong updraft, unstable air is carried past the EL as an ""overshooting top""

"Atmospheric instability"
displaces the water or medium the wave is travelling through and the medium moves in an upward motion. However, because of gravity, the water or medium is pulled back down and the repetition of this cycle creates the transverse wave motion. Within an unstable layer in the troposphere, the lifting of air parcels will occur, and continue for as long as the nearby atmosphere remains unstable. Once overturning through the depth of the troposphere occurs (with convection being capped by the relatively warmer, more stable layer of the stratosphere), deep convective currents lead to thunderstorm development when enough moisture is

"Entrainment (meteorology)"
Entrainment (meteorology) Entrainment is a phenomenon of the atmosphere which occurs when a turbulent flow captures a non-turbulent flow. It is typically used to refer to the capture of a wind flow of high moisture content, or in the case of tropical cyclones, the capture of drier air. Detrainment is the opposite effect when the air from a convective cloud, usually at its top, is injected in the environment. Entrainment is the mixing of environmental air into a preexisting air current or cloud so that the environmental air becomes part of the current or cloud. The ""entrainment coefficient"" in clouds

lee side of the mountain, it warms and dries, creating a rain shadow. On the lee side of the mountains, sometimes as little as 15 miles (25 km) away from high precipitation zones, annual precipitation can be as low as 8 inches (200 mm) per year. Areas where this effect is observed include: Downslope winds occur on the leeward side of mountain barriers when a stable air mass is carried over the mountain by strong winds that increase in strength with height. Moisture is removed and latent heat released as the air mass is orographically lifted. As the air mass

Mesohigh
Mesohigh A mesohigh (sometimes called a ""bubble high"") is a mesoscale high-pressure area that forms beneath thunderstorms. While not always the case, it is usually associated with a mesoscale convective system. In the early stages of research on the subject, the mesohigh was often referred to as a ""thunderstorm high"". A mesohigh forms underneath the downdraft in a squall line and is associated with the cold pool of a thunderstorm. It is largely formed by hydrostatic phenomenon, specifically the evaporation of falling precipitation. As precipitation, primarily rain, falls in the downdraft, it evaporates in the unsaturated air, leading to cooling

"Stack effect"
Stack effect Stack effect or chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue-gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor air density resulting from temperature and moisture differences. The result is either a positive or negative buoyancy force. The greater the thermal difference and the height of the structure, the greater the buoyancy force, and thus the stack effect. The stack effect helps drive natural ventilation, air infiltration, and fires (e.g. the Kaprun tunnel fire and King's Cross underground station fire). Since buildings are not

Downwelling
Downwelling Downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air. It is the ""sinking"" limb of a convection cell. Upwelling is the opposite process and together these two forces are responsible in the oceans for the thermohaline circulation. The sinking of cold lithosphere at subduction zones is another example of downwelling in plate tectonics. Downwelling occurs at anti-cyclonic places within the ocean where warm rings are spinning clockwise creating surface convergence. When these surface waters converge,

"Hansen (surname)"
Norway, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:83) in the following regions: Notable people with the surname include: Hansen (surname) Hansen or Hanssen () is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning ""son of Hans"". As of 2008, it is the third most common surname in Denmark, shared by 4.3% of the population. As of 2000, ""Hansen"" is the single most common surname in Norway, not counting spelling variations such as ""Hanssen"", which are also quite common. In the Faroe Islands ""Hansen"" is the second most common surname, while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and

Hansen (surname) Hansen or Hanssen () is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning ""son of Hans"". As of 2008, it is the third most common surname in Denmark, shared by 4.3% of the population. As of 2000, ""Hansen"" is the single most common surname in Norway, not counting spelling variations such as ""Hanssen"", which are also quite common. In the Faroe Islands ""Hansen"" is the second most common surname, while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg ""Hansen"" is the third and fifth most common surname, respectively. In Sweden the parallel form is ""Hansson"". The frequent occurrences of

Hansen as a surname outside Denmark, Norway and Schleswig-Holstein is due to immigration, though Nordic immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules. As of 2014, 33.5% of all known bearers of the surname ""Hansen"" were residents of Denmark (frequency 1:28), 31.6% of the United States (1:1,933), 10.5% of Norway (1:83), 10.2% of Germany (1:1,330), 2.3% of Canada (1:2,658), 2.3% of Australia (1:1,773), 1.3% of Sweden (1:1,325) and 1.2% of South Africa (1:7,460). In Denmark, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:28) in the following regions: In

"Nielsen (surname)"
Neilson, or Neilsen. Nielsen (surname) Nielsen is a Danish patronymic surname, literally meaning ""son of Niels"", Niels being the Danish version of the Greek male given name Νικόλαος, Nikolaos (cf. Nicholas). It is the most common surname in Denmark, shared by about 5% of the population. It is also used in Norway, although the forms ""Nelsen"" and ""Nilsen"" are more common. In Sweden the parallel form is ""Nilsson"". ""Nielsen"" is also in use in the Faroe Islands. The frequent occurrences of Nielsen as a surname outside Denmark is due to emigration. Immigrants to English-speaking countries sometimes changed the spelling to

"Jensen (surname)"
Jensen (surname) Jensen is a surname of Scandinavian origin. Jensen literally means ""son of Jens"". It is the second most common surname in Denmark, where it is shared by about 5% of the population. It is also very common in other Scandinavian countries such as Norway, where it is the ninth most common surname, but nevertheless shared by about 5% of the population. The name is also in use in the Faroe Islands. There was no ""Jensen family,"" merely a system of patronymics that was finally fixed in the 19th century at an arbitrary time, when the state bureaucracy required

Nielsen (surname) Nielsen is a Danish patronymic surname, literally meaning ""son of Niels"", Niels being the Danish version of the Greek male given name Νικόλαος, Nikolaos (cf. Nicholas). It is the most common surname in Denmark, shared by about 5% of the population. It is also used in Norway, although the forms ""Nelsen"" and ""Nilsen"" are more common. In Sweden the parallel form is ""Nilsson"". ""Nielsen"" is also in use in the Faroe Islands. The frequent occurrences of Nielsen as a surname outside Denmark is due to emigration. Immigrants to English-speaking countries sometimes changed the spelling to Nielson, Nelsen, Nelson,

a more rational system; before that people took their name from their father's first name. Jensen (surname) Jensen is a surname of Scandinavian origin. Jensen literally means ""son of Jens"". It is the second most common surname in Denmark, where it is shared by about 5% of the population. It is also very common in other Scandinavian countries such as Norway, where it is the ninth most common surname, but nevertheless shared by about 5% of the population. The name is also in use in the Faroe Islands. There was no ""Jensen family,"" merely a system of patronymics that was

"Hansson (surname)"
Hansson (surname) Hansson is a Swedish patronymic surname meaning ""son of Hans"", itself a nickname of John via the Latin form ""Johannes"". As of 2014, 89.0% of all known bearers of the surname ""Hansson"" were residents of Sweden (frequency 1:224), 2.6% of Denmark (1:4,352), 2.3% of Norway (1:4,587) and 1.7% of the United States (1:432,636). In Sweden, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:224) in the following counties: Hansson is also an Icelandic surname when the father is unknown (""hans"" translates as ""his"" in Icelandic), which was common among children born to Allied soldiers and Icelandic

"Herløv"
Herløv Herløv also spelled Herloev, is a name primarily used in Denmark that is applied most commonly as a middle or surname, and least commonly as a male given name. It is of Germanic origin dating back to the Viking Age. Herløv is derived from the Old Norse word """"Herrlof"""", meaning """"praise gained in war"""" or """"a sign of victory, a trophy"""". The first syllable """"her"""", meaning ""army"", comes from the Old Norse word for army, """"herr"""", or its Old English equivalent, """"here"""". Both words and their meaning exist today in Danish and Norwegian as, """"hær"""", and in Swedish as

Leif
Leif Leif is a male given name of Scandinavian origin. It is derived from the Old Norse name ""Leifr"" (nominative case), meaning ""heir"", ""descendant"". Across the Nordic countries, the most commonly occurring spelling of the name is ""Leif"", however, there are some well-established regional variants: In Norway, about 17,000 men have Leif as their first (or only) name. In Sweden, 70,000 men have the name Leif, about 60% of them as a first name. As of 2018, about 15,000 Danish men have Leif as their first name. In Finland, as of 2012, 4,628 men have Leif as a first name.

"When life gives you lemons, make lemonade"
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade When life gives you lemons, make lemonade is a proverbial phrase used to encourage optimism and a positive can-do attitude in the face of adversity or misfortune. Lemons suggest sourness or difficulty in life; making lemonade is turning them into something positive or desirable. The phrase was initially coined by Christian anarchist writer Elbert Hubbard in a 1915 obituary he penned and published for dwarf actor Marshall Pinckney Wilder. The obituary, entitled ""The King of Jesters"", praises Wilder's optimistic attitude and achievements in the face of his disabilities: ""He was a walking refutation

"Rudy Vallée"
Mediterranean languages, and always varied the keys, thus paving the way for later pop crooners such as Dean Martin, Andy Williams and Vic Damone. Another memorable rendition of his is ""Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries"", in which he imitates Willie Howard's voice in the final chorus. One of his record hits was ""The Drunkard Song"", popularly known as ""There Is a Tavern in the Town."" Vallée couldn't stop laughing for the last couple of verses – supposedly he struggled to keep a straight face at the corny lyrics, and the band members egged him on. He managed a

of that dogmatic statement, ""Mens sana in corpore sano"". His was a sound mind in an unsound body. He proved the eternal paradox of things. He cashed in on his disabilities. He picked up the lemons that Fate had sent him and started a lemonade-stand."" Although the expression was coined by Hubbard, many modern authors attribute the expression to Dale Carnegie who used it in his 1948 book ""How to Stop Worrying and Start Living"". Carnegie's version reads: ""If You Have a Lemon, Make a Lemonade."" Carnegie credited Julius Rosenwald for giving him the phrase. The September 1916 edition of

"Joe Btfsplk"
a dandruff shampoo. According to Al Capp, ""btfsplk"" is a rude sound. During public lectures, Capp demonstrated this sound by closing his lips, leaving his tongue sticking out, and then blowing out air, which is colloquially called a ""raspberry"" or Bronx cheer. Joe Btfsplk Joe Btfsplk was a character in the satirical comic strip ""Li'l Abner"" by cartoonist Al Capp (1909–1979). He is well-meaning, but is the world's worst jinx, bringing disastrous misfortune to everyone around him. A small, dark rain cloud perpetually hovers over his head to symbolize his bad luck. Hapless Btfsplk and his ever-present cloud became one

Lemonade
high sugar content. Adding zest to lemonade may help reduce the sugar content by making it taste sweeter (due to the flavanone compounds). Daily consumption of of lemon juice per day, when mixed with two litres of water, has been shown to reduce the rate of stone formation in people susceptible to kidney stones. Lemons contain the highest concentration of citric acid of any fruit, and this weak acid has been shown to inhibit stone formation. First coined by Christian anarchist writer and philosopher Elbert Hubbard in a 1915 obituary for dwarf actor Marshall P. Wilder, the phrase ""When life

"Milt Gross"
and an Al Jaffee introduction. Milt Gross Milt Gross (; March 4, 1895 – November 29, 1953) was an American cartoonist and animator. His work is noted for its exaggerated cartoon style and Yiddish-inflected English dialogue. He originated the non-sequitur ""Banana Oil!"" as a phrase deflating pomposity and posing. His character Count Screwloose's admonition, ""Iggy, keep an eye on me!"", became a national catchphrase. The National Cartoonists Society fund to aid indigent cartoonists and their families for many years was known as the Milt Gross Fund. In 2005, it was absorbed by the Society's Foundation, which continues the charitable work

"Mr Miacca"
Mr Miacca Mr Miacca is an English fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his ""English Fairy Tales"". Tommy was sometimes bad, and when he was, he would go out into the street though his mother warned him that Mr Miacca would catch him. One day, Mr. Miacca did. He took him home to eat him, but went out to get herbs, so he would not be bitter. He asked Mrs. Miacca if they never had anything but boy-meat—never pudding. She said she loved pudding but rarely got it. Tommy said his mother was making some, and he would run

"The Trees and the Bramble"
quarrel.' The account is brief and leads to the humorous moral that 'when there is a dispute among sophisticated people, then riff-raff also try to act important'. The story was for a long time limited to Greek sources and, though versions of a similar debate between other trees gained some currency in the 16th and 17th centuries, it soon fell out of favour again. In 1564 the Neo-Latin poet Hieronymus Osius versified the story under the title ""The Apple and the Pear"", with the moral that the humble become overweening when the great fall out. Charles Hoole's influential ""Aesop's fables

"Allen Saunders"
Allen Saunders Allen Saunders (April 24, 1899 – January 28, 1986) was an American writer, journalist and cartoonist who wrote the comic strips ""Steve Roper and Mike Nomad"", ""Mary Worth"" and ""Kerry Drake"". He is credited with being the originator of the saying, ""Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans"" in 1957. The saying was later popularised by John Lennon in the song ""Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)"". His full name, John Allen Saunders, sometimes led to confusion with his son John (John Phillip Saunders, 1924–2003), who later continued two of his father's strips. Allen Saunders covered

Milt Gross Milt Gross (; March 4, 1895 – November 29, 1953) was an American cartoonist and animator. His work is noted for its exaggerated cartoon style and Yiddish-inflected English dialogue. He originated the non-sequitur ""Banana Oil!"" as a phrase deflating pomposity and posing. His character Count Screwloose's admonition, ""Iggy, keep an eye on me!"", became a national catchphrase. The National Cartoonists Society fund to aid indigent cartoonists and their families for many years was known as the Milt Gross Fund. In 2005, it was absorbed by the Society's Foundation, which continues the charitable work of the Fund. Gross was

how long is the famous suspension bridge in san francisco and what is it called

"Golden Gate"
completed in 1937, and is an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and California in general. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. It still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. In 2007, it was ranked fifth on the ""List of America's Favorite Architecture"" by the American Institute of Architects. The Golden Gate strait serves as the primary access channel for nautical travel to and from the San Francisco Bay, one of the largest cargo ports in the United States.

"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge"
been retrofitted in part, but mostly these have been replaced with new construction of reinforced concrete. For various reasons, the eastern section would have been too expensive to retrofit compared to replacing it, so the decision was made to replace it. The replacement section underwent a series of design changes, both progressive and regressive, with increasing cost estimates and contractor bids. The final plan included a single-towered self-anchored suspension span starting at Yerba Buena island, leading to a long inclined viaduct to the Oakland touchdown. Separated and protected bicycle lanes are a visually prominent feature on the south side of

"Dumbarton Bridge (California)"
Aqueduct. The aqueduct rises above ground in Newark at the east side of the Bay, falls below the water's surface at a pump station in Fremont, re-emerges in the middle of the Bay and then continues above water until it reaches the west side of the Bay at Menlo Park. Dumbarton Bridge (California) The Dumbarton Bridge is the southernmost of the highway bridges across San Francisco Bay in California. Carrying over 81,000 vehicles and about 118 pedestrian and bicycle crossings daily, it is the shortest bridge across San Francisco Bay at . Its eastern end is in Fremont, near Newark

"Golden Gate Bridge"
Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Frommer's

was considered but rejected, as it would have required too much fill and reduced wharfage space at San Francisco, had less vertical clearance for shipping, and cost more than the design ultimately adopted. The solution was to construct a massive concrete anchorage halfway between San Francisco and the island, and to build a main suspension span on each side of this central anchorage. East of Yerba Buena Island, the bay to Oakland was spanned by a combination of double cantilever, five long-span through-trusses, and a truss causeway, forming the longest bridge of its kind at the time. The cantilever section

Emperor Norton issued three proclamations calling for the design and construction of a suspension bridge between San Francisco and Oakland via Yerba Buena Island (formerly Goat Island). A 1939 plaque honoring Emperor Norton for the original idea for the Bay Bridge was dedicated by the fraternal society E Clampus Vitus and was installed at The Cliff House in February 1955. In November 1986, in connection with the bridge's 50th anniversary, the plaque was moved to the Transbay Terminal, the public transit and Greyhound bus depot at the west end of the bridge in downtown San Francisco. When the terminal was

was longest in the nation and third-longest anywhere. Much of the original eastern section was founded upon treated wood pilings. Because of the very deep mud on the bay bottom it was not practical to reach bedrock, although the lower levels of the mud are quite firm. Long wooden pilings were crafted from entire old-growth Douglas fir trees, which were driven through the soft mud to the firmer bottom layers. The original western approach to (and exit from) the upper deck of the bridge was a long ramp to Fifth, branching to Harrison St for westward traffic off the bridge

Engineering Consultants. Both agencies approved and preparation of the final design proceeded. Before work got underway, 12 massive underwater telephone cables were moved 1,000 feet north of the proposed bridge route by crews of the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. during the summer of 1931. Construction began on July 9, 1933. Ultimately, twenty-four men would die constructing the bridge. The western section of the bridge between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island presented an enormous engineering challenge. The bay was up to deep in places and the soil required new foundation-laying techniques. A single main suspension span some in length

later MacArthur Blvd.) which led through Oakland, and State Route 17 which ran parallel to U.S. 50, along the Oakland Estuary and through the industrial and port sections of the city. The Yerba Buena passage utilizes the Yerba Buena Tunnel, wide, high, and long. It is the largest diameter transportation bore tunnel in the world. The large amount of material that was excavated in boring the tunnel was used for a portion of the landfill over the shoals lying adjacent to Yerba Buena Island to its north, a project which created the artificial Treasure Island. Reminders of the long-gone bridge

water averages while its towers, at above the water, were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico. The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be . Each of the bridge's two towers

"Thanksgiving dinner"
on days prior. Copious leftovers are also common following the meal proper. Traditional Thanksgiving foods are sometimes specific to the day, such as riced potatoes, and although some of the foods might be seen at any semi-formal meal in the United States, the meal often has something of a ritual or traditional quality. Many Americans would say it is ""incomplete"" without cranberry sauce, stuffing or dressing, mashed potatoes and gravy, and brussels sprouts. Other commonly served dishes include winter squash and sweet potatoes, the latter often prepared with sweeteners such as brown sugar, molasses, or marshmallows. Fresh, canned, or frozen

corn is popular and green beans are frequently served; in particular, green bean casserole, a product invented in 1955 by the Campbell Soup Company to promote use of its cream of mushroom soup, has become a Thanksgiving standard. A fresh salad may be included, especially on the West Coast. Bread rolls or biscuits and cornbread, especially in the South and parts of New England, are served. For dessert, various pies are usually served, particularly pumpkin pie, though apple pie, mincemeat pie, sweet potato pie, cherry pie, chocolate pie, and pecan pie are often served as well. There are also regional

differences as to the stuffing or dressing traditionally served with the turkey. The traditional version has bread cubes, sage, onion and celery. Southerners generally make their dressing from cornbread, while those in other parts of the country make stuffing from white, wheat or rye bread as the base. One or several of the following may be added to the dressing/stuffing: oysters, apples, chestnuts, raisins, and sausages or the turkey's giblets. Other dishes reflect the region or cultural background of those who have come together for the meal. For example, Sauerkraut (among those in the Mid-Atlantic; especially Baltimore) is sometimes served.

"Thanksgiving (United States)"
million Americans dining on the festive poultry, spending an expected $1.05 billion on turkeys for Thanksgiving in 2016. Mashed potatoes with gravy, stuffing, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet corn, various fall vegetables, squash, Brussels sprouts and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner. Green bean casserole was introduced in 1955 and remains a favorite. All of these are actually native to the Americas or were introduced as a new food source to the Europeans when they arrived. Turkey may be an exception. In his book ""Mayflower"", Nathaniel Philbrick suggests that the Pilgrims might already have been familiar with turkey

Thanksgiving dinner The centerpiece of contemporary Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada is a large meal, generally centered on a large roasted turkey. It is served with a variety of side dishes which vary from traditional dishes such as mashed potatoes, stuffing, and cranberry sauce, to ones that reflect regional or cultural heritage. The majority of the dishes in the traditional American version of Thanksgiving dinner are made from foods native to the New World, as according to tradition the Pilgrims received these foods, or learned how to grow them, from the Native Americans. Thanksgiving dinner is the largest

with pigeon peas) or arroz con maiz (rice with corn), pasteles (root tamales) stuffed with turkey, pumpkin-coconut crème caramel, corn bread with longaniza, potato salad, roasted white sweet potatoes and Spanish sparkling hard cider. Turkey in Puerto Rico is stuffed with mofongo. Cuban-Americans traditionally serve the turkey alongside a small roasted pork and include white rice and black beans or kidney beans. Vegetarians or vegans have been known to serve alternative entree centerpieces such as a large vegetable pie or a stuffed and baked pumpkin or tofu substitutes. Many Midwesterners (such as Minnesotans) of Norwegian or Scandinavian descent set the

roasted. Sage is the traditional herb added to the stuffing, along with chopped celery, carrots, and onions. Other ingredients, such as chopped chestnuts or other tree nuts, crumbled sausage or bacon, cranberries, raisins, or apples, may be added to stuffing. If this mixture is prepared outside the bird, it may be known as dressing. Deep-fried turkey is rising in popularity due to its shorter preparation time, but carries safety risks. The consumption of turkey on Thanksgiving is so ingrained in American culture that each year since 1947, the National Turkey Federation has presented a live turkey to the President of

deer hunting season in the Northeastern United States, which encourages the use of venison as a centerpiece. Vegetarians or vegans may have a tofu, wheat gluten or lentil-based substitute; or stuffed squash. In Alaskan villages, whale meat is sometimes eaten.Irish immigrants have been known to have prime rib of beef as their centerpiece since beef in Ireland was once a rarity; families would save up money for this dish to signify newfound prosperity and hope. Many Italian-Americans will serve capon as the main course to the Thanksgiving meal. In the United States, a globalist approach to Thanksgiving has become common

the Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth Plantation. It is continued in modern times with the Thanksgiving dinner, traditionally featuring turkey, playing a central role in the celebration of Thanksgiving. In the United States, certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving meals. Turkey, usually roasted and stuffed (but sometimes deep-fried instead), is typically the featured item on most Thanksgiving feast tables, so much so that Thanksgiving is also colloquially known as ""Turkey Day."" In fact, 45 million turkeys were consumed on Thanksgiving Day alone in 2015. With 85 percent of Americans partaking in the meal, that's an estimated 276

table with lefse. The beverages at Thanksgiving can vary as much as the side dishes, often depending on who is present at the table and their tastes. Spirits or cocktails sometimes may be served before the main meal. On the dinner table, unfermented apple cider (still or sparkling) or wine are often served. Pitchers of sweet tea can often be found on Southern tables . Beaujolais nouveau is sometimes served; the beverage has been marketed as a Thanksgiving drink since the producers of the wine (which is made available only for a short window each year) set the annual release

"Sierra Nevada Brewing Company"
Sierra Nevada Brewing Company Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States. The brewery produced in 2010. The brewery was named ""Green Business of the Year"" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 for its practices in sustainability. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was founded in 1979, with founders Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi expanding their homebrewing hobby into a

brewery in Chico, California. Along with the brewery's location, Grossman claims the company's name comes from his love of hiking in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada. With $50,000 in loans from friends and family, Grossman and Camusi rented a warehouse and pieced together discarded dairy equipment and scrapyard metal to create their brewing equipment. They later were able to acquire second-hand copper brewing kettles from Germany before moving to their larger, current brewing facility in 1989. The first batch brewed on premises was its Pale Ale, in November 1980. The following year, the brewery introduced Celebration, an IPA, which

it continues to release as a winter seasonal. The company sold of beer in its first year, and double that amount in the second. The company's first employee was Steve Harrison, who was put in charge of marketing and sales. The head brewer is Steve Dresler, who has been with the brewery since 1983, when its output was 25 to 30 barrels per week. The company distributed the beer itself in the early 1980s, struggling with financial and marketing problems. A 1982 article in the ""San Francisco Chronicle"" highlighting the brewery, as well as having its beer sold in prominent

U.S. it must be marketed as a ""barleywine style ale"". Only alcohols derived from fruits, not grains, can be marketed as wine. It first won medals at the Great American Beer Festival in 1987. It is generally released January–February of each year. The brewery releases both a Northern and Southern Hemisphere Harvest ""wet hop"" ale. Introduced in 1996 as Harvest Ale, Northern Hemisphere utilizes wet (undried) hops from eastern Washington for its ""fresh harvest"" ale. It was the first fresh-hop ale brewed in the United States. The brewery later introduced Southern Hemisphere which features wet hops from New Zealand. The

"Great Basin Brewing Company"
1993 after Nevada brewers, including company founders Tom Young and Eric McClary, successfully lobbied the Nevada Legislature to allow for brewpubs in the state. The original brewery and restaurant is on Victorian Square in Sparks. Their beers were winning national awards as soon as the next year. The Reno location was opened in 2010 with the expectation that its added capacity would satisfy demand for the next five years. Great Basin began regular bottling operations in 2011 (holiday releases had previously been available for several years, but on the scale of a few hundred bottles a year) and currently bottles

restaurants such as Berkeley's Chez Panisse, helped establish a market for Sierra Nevada's beer. By 1987, the brewery was distributing to seven states and production had reached per year, causing the company to pursue building a new brewery. In 1988, the brewery moved into a 100-barrel brewhouse, with four open fermenters, and eleven secondary fermenters. A year later, Grossman and Camusi added the Sierra Nevada Taproom and Restaurant, which serves lunch and dinner and includes a giftshop. In 2000, the brewery opened ""The Big Room"", a live-music venue located inside the brewery's facilities, featuring a variety of acts including country,

bluegrass, folk, rock, blues, and other musical genres. Camusi retired in 1998 and sold his share in the company to Grossman. In 2010, Sierra Nevada Brewing partnered with the Abbey of New Clairvaux, with the monastery beginning production of Trappist-style beers in 2011. The Abbey has not yet been sanctioned by the International Trappist Association, and therefore the monastery will not be brewing official Trappist beer. The brewery employed about 450 people in 2011. In January 2012, Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River, North Carolina. The LEED-Platinum-certified building opened

"Elk Mountain Brewing Company"
Elk Mountain Brewing Company Elk Mountain Brewing Company is a microbrewery based in Parker, Colorado. Elk Mountain Brewing, Inc. opened on July 1, 2010 in Parker, Colorado. Co-owner Tom Bell began homebrewing over 20 years ago with the dream of opening a brewery of his own one day. After an internship brewing for Tabernash Brewing Company in Longmont, Colorado, Tom began the process of opening his own brewery in his hometown of Parker, CO. After many months of construction, he opened his doors in July 2010. Elk Mountain won a Silver medal at the Colorado State Fair Craft Brewing Competition

"Sugar Bowl Ski Resort"
ski resort. In addition, many of the trails and locations on the mountain are named after streets and landmarks in San Francisco, such as Nob Hill, Market Street, and Montgomery. Sugar Bowl Ski Resort Sugar Bowl is a ski and snowboard area in northern Placer County near Norden, California along the Donner Pass of the Sierra Nevada, approximately west of Reno, Nevada on Interstate 80, that opened on December 15, 1939. Sugar Bowl is a medium-sized ski area in the Lake Tahoe region, and is well known for its long history, significant advanced terrain, high annual snowfall and being one

"Ken Grossman"
Brewery in Mills River, North Carolina which began production in 2014. His wife Katie is a teetotaler. Ken Grossman Ken Grossman (born 11 November 1954) is an American billionaire businessman, founder of Sierra Nevada Brewing Company. Ken Grossman was born to a Jewish family in southern California on 11 November 1954. He studied at Butte College. In 1978, Grossman founded Sierra Nevada Brewing Company in Chico, California with Paul Camusi. In 1998, he bought out Camusi. Grossman and his wife Katie (née Gonser) have three children and live in Chico, California. His son Brian and daughter Sierra will run the

"Humpty Dumpty"
Alice, ""whether you ""can"" make words mean so many different things."" ""The question is,"" said Humpty Dumpty, ""which is to be master—that's all."" Alice was too much puzzled to say anything, so after a minute Humpty Dumpty began again. ""They've a temper, some of them—particularly verbs, they're the proudest—adjectives you can do anything with, but not verbs—however, ""I"" can manage the whole lot! Impenetrability! That's what ""I"" say!"" This passage was used in Britain by Lord Atkin in his dissenting judgement in the seminal case ""Liversidge v. Anderson"" (1942), where he protested about the distortion of a statute by the

"James D. St. Clair"
United States Navy. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1947 and joined the firm of Hale & Dorr two years later. He became a senior partner in 1954. St. Clair first gained notice while assisting Joseph Welch in the Army–McCarthy hearings of 1954. St. Clair selected Fred Fisher to assist with the case. Fisher was sent home before the hearings began after Welch confirmed his prior membership in the National Lawyers Guild, an organization accused of Communist sympathies. Joseph McCarthy attacked Fisher's membership in the group, which led to Welch's famous line ""Have you no sense of decency, sir?

"William Archibald Spooner"
his death, ""The Times"" recorded that ""He was not afraid of conversation."" William Archibald Spooner William Archibald Spooner (22 July 1844 – 29 August 1930) was a long-serving Oxford don, notable for absent-mindedness, and supposedly liable to mix up the syllables in a spoken phrase, with unintentionally comic effect. Such phrases became known as spoonerisms, and are often used humorously. Many spoonerisms have been invented and attributed to Spooner. Spooner was born at 17 Chapel Street, Grosvenor Place, London, SW1. He was educated at Oswestry School (where he was a contemporary of Frederick Gustavus Burnaby) and New College, Oxford, where

"Lady Saba Holland"
Lady Saba Holland Saba, Lady Holland (; 1802–1866) was the eldest daughter of Sydney Smith and the second wife of Sir Henry Holland, a prominent physician and travel writer, with whom she had two daughters. She made a name for herself as the author of a much-read memoir of her famous father. Some of Smith's often-quoted sayings were first recorded in Lady Holland's memoir, including:""Why, you never expected justice from a company, did you? They have neither a soul to lose, nor a body to kick."" and ""Thank God for tea! What would the world do without tea? How did

"Ipse dixit"
Ipse dixit Ipse dixit (Latin for ""he said it himself"") is an assertion without proof; or a dogmatic expression of opinion. The fallacy of defending a proposition by baldly asserting that it is ""just how it is"" distorts the argument by opting out of it entirely: the claimant declares an issue to be intrinsic, and not changeable. The Latin form of the expression comes from the Roman orator and philosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) in his theological studies ""De Natura Deorum"" (""On the Nature of the Gods"") and is his translation of the Greek expression (with the identical meaning)

Aristippus
ever being worsted"". When Dionysius, provoked at some of his remarks, ordered him to take the lowest place at table, he said, ""You wish to dignify the seat"". ""Wise people, even though all laws were abolished, would still lead the same life"" is the single most popular quotation of his on the Internet, where it is usually, and erroneously, attributed to the comic poet Aristophanes. Whether Aristippus was a prisoner to a satrap, grossly insulted and even spit upon by a tyrant, enjoying the pleasures of a banquet or reviled for faithlessness to Socrates by his fellow-pupils, he maintained the

William Archibald Spooner William Archibald Spooner (22 July 1844 – 29 August 1930) was a long-serving Oxford don, notable for absent-mindedness, and supposedly liable to mix up the syllables in a spoken phrase, with unintentionally comic effect. Such phrases became known as spoonerisms, and are often used humorously. Many spoonerisms have been invented and attributed to Spooner. Spooner was born at 17 Chapel Street, Grosvenor Place, London, SW1. He was educated at Oswestry School (where he was a contemporary of Frederick Gustavus Burnaby) and New College, Oxford, where he was the first non-Wykehamist to become an undergraduate. He was ordained

"Elbert Hubbard"
for scars."" At the end of ""Rabbit's Feat"", a 1960 Bugs Bunny and Wile E. Coyote cartoon, Bugs quotes Hubbard by saying, ""Don't take life too seriously. You'll never get out of it alive."" The phrase ""The graveyards are full of indispensable men"" may have originated with Hubbard. A quote of Hubbard's from his biography of American automotive developer John North Willys, ""Do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing, and you’ll never be criticized."" is often misattributed to Aristotle. Elbert Hubbard Elbert Green Hubbard (June 19, 1856 – May 7, 1915) was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher. Raised

"John Rowand"
a stirrup cup. Rowand capitulated, but as per Gladstone's account, only after presenting himself in a dramatic fashion to them, fearless and defiant, to be struck dead by the mutineers, though the revolting workers told him that that was not their intent at all. Some workers were in the habit of calling John Rowand by a nickname, ""One-Pound-One"". This was from the shuffle-step-shuffle sound made when Rowand walked, owing to the broken leg he had suffered earlier in his career. Rowand prided himself as a fair trader, writing of himself, ""No one will say that I ever spoilt Indians. [...]

"Samuel Porter Jones"
Church (now known as Sam Jones Memorial United Methodist Church), which is still in existence today. Samuel Porter Jones Samuel Porter Jones (October 16, 1847 – October 15, 1906) was an American lawyer and businessman from Georgia who became a prominent Methodist revivalist preacher across the Southern United States. In his sermons, he preached that alcohol and idleness were sinful. He was known for his admonition, ""Quit Your Meanness."" Samuel Porter Jones was born on October 16, 1847 in Oak Bowery, Alabama. His father, John Jones, was a lawyer and real estate entrepreneur. His mother, Queenie Jones, was a homemaker.

"2017 Chicago Bears season"
On ""Monday Night Football"", Mitchell Trubisky made his NFL debut against the Minnesota Vikings, who led the all-time series 58–52–2, though the Bears had won all but two games at Soldier Field since 2007. Trubisky is the eleventh rookie quarterback in team history to start a game and the first since Kyle Orton in 2005, though only three won their first games (Jim McMahon, Rex Grossman, Craig Krenzel); furthermore, since 2009, only one of nine Bears quarterbacks won in their debuts with the team (Todd Collins). Jeff Joniak emphasized a focus on first down success; the Bears' rushing game, which

"2016 Chicago Bears season"
York's players after catches; Odell Beckham Jr. had 281 yards after catches, sixth-most among receivers, while the Giants as a whole was ranked sixth in the category. However, the Giants struggled with turnovers, allowing 18 (including ten by quarterback Eli Manning's interceptions), which ranked 27th in the league. Joniak stated the Bears needed ""to find the players who are willing to fight, scratch and crawl their way out of the hole they're in."" On the opening drive, Jay Cutler threw a 19-yard touchdown pass to Zach Miller, but in windy conditions, Connor Barth missed the extra point wide right. The

to the Lions. Of his 216 pass attempts, 89 went for a first down (41.2 percent), trailing only Atlanta's Matt Ryan (44.6) for the highest percentage in the league. His success dropped in the final three games when he allowed a combined ten turnovers. Barkley ended the year having thrown for eight touchdowns and 14 interceptions. The quarterbacks threw a combined 13 interceptions in the second half during the 2016 season, second-most in the league behind the Jets (19). Entering the 2016 season, rookie Jordan Howard was the third-string running back behind Jeremy Langford and Ka'Deem Carey. After injuries sidelined

in four straight games, the first Bear to do so in team history, with a season total of 1,445 yards with six touchdowns, no interceptions and a 98.0 passer rating. However, the Bears went 1–3 during his stint before he suffered a season-ending arm injury in Green Bay. Third-string quarterback Connor Shaw's leg injury in the preseason resulted in Barkley becoming the new signal-caller for the Bears. he threw for three touchdown passes in the six-point loss against the Titans, followed by leading the Bears to a win over the 49ers and recorded another touchdown pass in a close loss

league-most 94.3 percent of field goals to be converted. At quarterback, the Bears alternated between three players due to injuries; Jay Cutler and Brian Hoyer started five games each, while Matt Barkley started six. After injuring his thumb in week two and missing the next five games, Cutler made his return in Minnesota with a touchdown pass. He struggled in the next two games against the Buccaneers and Giants before his season ended with a shoulder injury. In 2016, Cutler threw for 1,059 yards with four touchdowns, five interceptions and a 78.1 passer rating. Second-stringer Hoyer threw for 300 yards

way in 2016. Also a punt returner, he averaged 23 yards on punt returns, but broke his leg on a return during a game last October. The second fourth-round pick, the 119th-overall from Arizona, was used to select North Carolina A&T running back Tarik Cohen. The , running back attracted Internet attention in 2015 when a video surfaced of him performing a backflip and catching two footballs at the same time. With the Aggies, Cohen was named Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Rookie of the Year during his freshman year and was the MEAC Offensive Player of the Year three times as

second-round pick, tight end Adam Shaheen of the Ashland Eagles was selected; in 2016, Shaheen recorded 16 touchdown receptions, the most in a season by a tight end in NCAA Division II history. After trading their third-rounder to the 49ers, the Bears did not have a pick in that round, instead waiting until the next round to use the 112th-overall pick on Alabama safety Eddie Jackson; over the course of his college career, Jackson had nine interceptions, 12 pass breakups and five touchdowns (three on interception returns), including restricting opposing quarterbacks to a combined 38.3 passer rating when throwing his

tight end position was also affected by injuries; starter Zach Miller was placed on injured reserve for a foot injury in week eleven; prior to his injury, he led the Bears in receptions (47) and touchdowns (four) in addition to a career-high 486 receiving yards. Backup Daniel Brown caught 16 passes for 124 yards and a touchdown, while Logan Paulsen had three receptions for 15 yards and Ben Braunecker recorded four catches for 41 yards. Rookie Cody Whitehair anchored the offensive line at center, a position he had never played in college; he was a left guard during the offseason

favored the pass, throwing 64 percent of the time, the fifth-highest, while Matthew Stafford had thrown 25 percent of his passes to running backs. Running back Theo Riddick caught 53 catches, meaning the Bears needed to apply pressure to him. As Joniak described it, the odds were ""all stacked against the Bears"", but an upset victory would give the Bears a 3–1 record in the NFC North, which would help John Fox and the Bears ""turn negatives into positives by winning in the division to prop up what has turned into a rebuilding season."" Connor Barth scored the first points

ended with punts. With 2:32 remaining in the game and pinned at his team's ten-yard line, Trubisky's pass for Miller was intercepted by Harrison Smith, which set up Forbath's game-winning 26-yard field goal with 12 seconds to go. On the final play of the game, Trubisky passed to Markus Wheaton, who lateraled to Cohen before he was tackled to end the game. In his debut, Trubisky completed 12 of 25 passes for 128 yards, one touchdown, one interception, and a 60.1 passer rating. He also had three rushing attempts for 22 yards. John Fox reflected on Trubisky's first game by

"Dallas Cowboys"
Thanksgiving Day. This jersey was used for special occasions and was worn throughout the 1994–1995 playoffs. During the same season, the Cowboys also wore their 1960–63 road jersey with a silver helmet for one game as part of a league-wide ""throwback"" policy. During the 1995 season, the team wore the navy ""Double-Star"" jersey for games at Washington and Philadelphia and permanently switched to solid color socks (royal blue for the white uniform, and navy blue for the dark uniform). The navy ""Double-Star"" jersey was not seen again until the NFL's ""Classic Throwback Weekend"" on Thanksgiving Day 2001–2003. In 2004, the

With the 2002 victory, it seems an exception to the theory of the blue jersey jinx is invoked on Thanksgiving. Thus, the Cowboys continued wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving from 2003–2006, however it was always an older-styled alternate blue jersey. In 2007 and 2008, the Cowboys returned to wearing white at home for their Thanksgiving game. Since 2009, the Cowboys returned to wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving only. (From 2009–2012, the team again decided to go with an older-styled blue uniform as they had in previous years on Thanksgiving, and since 2013 have worn the newer-styled blue jersey.)

independent from the stadium it covered. The Cowboys lost their final game at Texas Stadium to the Baltimore Ravens, 33–24, on December 20, 2008. After Cowboys Stadium was opened in 2009, the Cowboys turned over the facility to the City of Irving. In 2009, it was replaced as home of the Cowboys by Cowboys Stadium, which officially opened on May 27, 2009 in Arlington, Texas. Texas Stadium was demolished by implosion on April 11, 2010. AT&T Stadium, previously named Cowboys Stadium, is a domed stadium with a retractable roof in Arlington, Texas. After failed negotiations to build a new stadium

home for Thanksgiving, which has since become an annual tradition. In 2017, the team initially announced that they will wear blue jerseys at home on a more regular basis, only to rescind soon after. In 2015, the Cowboys released their Color Rush uniform, featuring a variation of the 1990s ""Double Star"" alternates with white pants and socks. The uniform was first used in a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers and in subsequent ""Thursday Night Football"" games during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The Cowboys also unveiled a navy uniform-white pants combination which was first used on December 10, 2017

Cowboys resurrected their original 1960–1963 uniform on Thanksgiving Day. This uniform became the team's alternate or ""third jersey"" and was usually worn at least once a year, primarily Thanksgiving Day. Two exceptions were when the Cowboys wore their normal white uniforms on Thanksgiving in 2007 and 2008. While the team didn't wear the throwback uniform exactly on Thanksgiving Day in those two years, Dallas wore them on a date around Thanksgiving for those two years. In 2007 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November 29, 2007 against the Green Bay Packers. In 2008 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November

back to November. The Cowboys finished the year at 9-7 without making the playoffs. Following the season Dez Bryant was released after eight seasons in Dallas and Jason Witten retired after 15 seasons, ending an era. The Dallas Cowboys' 2017 season was the subject of the third season of Amazon's sports documentary series ""All or Nothing"". The series is produced by NFL Films. The Dallas Cowboys' blue star logo, representative of Texas as ""The Lone Star State"", is one of the most well-known team logos in professional sports. The blue star originally was a solid shape until a white line

be used for additional spectators. The Cotton Bowl was the longtime home of the annual Cotton Bowl Classic college football bowl game, for which the stadium is named. (Beginning with the January 2010 game, the Cotton Bowl Classic has been played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington.) The Dallas Cowboys called the Cotton Bowl home for 11 years, from the team's formation in 1960 until 1971, when the Cowboys moved to Texas Stadium. It is the only Cowboys stadium within the Dallas city limits. The Cowboys hosted the Green Bay Packers for the 1966 NFL Championship at the Cotton Bowl. For

Eagles hosted the Cowboys in the 1980 NFC Championship Game, as well as their November 4, 2007 meeting. Various other teams followed suit in the 1980s. Although Dallas has made several tweaks to their blue jerseys over the years, Schramm said he did not believe in the curse. Since the league began allowing teams to use an alternate jersey, the Cowboys' alternates have been primarily blue versions of past jerseys and the Cowboys have generally had success when wearing these blue alternates. With the implementation of the 2013 NFL helmet rule for alternate jerseys, the team decided instead to wear

Throughout the years, the Cowboys' blue jersey has been popularly viewed to be ""jinxed"" because the team often seemed to lose when they wore them. This purported curse drew attention after the team lost Super Bowl V with the blue jerseys. However, the roots of the curse likely date back earlier to the 1968 divisional playoffs, when the blue-shirted Cowboys were upset by the Cleveland Browns in what turned out to be Don Meredith's final game with the Cowboys. Dallas's lone victory in a conference championship or Super Bowl wearing the blue jerseys was in the 1978 NFC Championship game

The 1960–1963 uniform may also be used on other special occasion. Other instances include the 2005 Monday Night game against the Washington Redskins when the team inducted Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, and Michael Irving into the Cowboys Ring of Honor, and the 2006 Christmas Day game against the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2013, the NFL issued a new helmet rule stating that players will no longer be allowed to use alternate helmets due to the league's enhanced concussion awareness. This caused the Cowboys' white 1960s throwback helmets to become non-compliant. The team instead decided to wear their normal blue jerseys at

"Influenza A virus subtype H5N1"
decrease in egg production, nasal discharge, coughing and sneezing - to severe, including loss of coordination, energy, and appetite; soft-shelled or misshapen eggs; purple discoloration of the wattles, head, eyelids, combs, and hocks; and diarrhea. Sometimes the first noticeable sign is sudden death. The first known strain of HPAI A(H5N1) (called A/chicken/Scotland/59) killed two flocks of chickens in Scotland in 1959, but that strain was very different from the current highly pathogenic strain of H5N1. The dominant strain of HPAI A(H5N1) in 2004 evolved from 1999 to 2002 creating the Z genotype. It has also been called ""Asian lineage HPAI

"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1"
in a similar group in New Orleans. HTLV-I infection in Australia is very high among the indigenous peoples of central and northern Australia, with a prevalence rate of 10–45%. HTLV-1 is believed to have been in Australia for 9,000 years, coming from a migration from Indonesia. In central Australia, around Alice Springs, an estimated 5,000 people are infected. It is also high among the Inuit of Northern Canada, in Japan, northeastern Iran. Peru, the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador, and the Caribbean. HTLV-1 has three main routes of transmission. Vertical transmission is most common, through which an infected mother

infects CD4+ T cells. The viral RNA is packed into the icosahedral capsid which is contained inside the protein inner envelope. The lipid outer envelope is of host cell origin but contains viral transmembrane and surface proteins. The virion is spherical in shape with a diameter of about 100 nm. Seven HTLV-1 genotypes are recognised—HTLV-1a through HTLV-1g. It is estimated that from 10 to 20 million people worldwide are infected; 3–8 million of them are in Africa. The most widespread genotype is type A. Types B, D, E, F and G have only been isolated from Central Africa. Type C

"Influenza A virus subtype H1N1"
to be teratogenic and embryotoxic (malformations and toxic effects on the embryo) when given at high doses in animal studies. Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Influenza A (H1N1) virus is the subtype of influenza A virus that was the most common cause of human influenza (flu) in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 outbreak known as the Spanish Flu. It is an orthomyxovirus that contains the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. For this reason, they are described as H1N1, H1N2 etc. depending on the type of H or N antigens they express with metabolic synergy. Haemagglutinin causes red blood cells

"Infectious canine hepatitis"
Infectious canine hepatitis Infectious canine hepatitis is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1). CAV-1 also causes disease in wolves, coyotes, and bears, and encephalitis in foxes. The virus is spread in the feces, urine, blood, saliva, and nasal discharge of infected dogs. It is contracted through the mouth or nose, where it replicates in the tonsils. The virus then infects the liver and kidneys. The incubation period is 4 to 7 days. Symptoms include fever, depression, loss of appetite, coughing, and a tender abdomen. Corneal edema and signs of liver disease, such as jaundice,

A patient infected with HTLV can be diagnosed when antibodies against HTLV-1 are detected in the serum. HTLV-1 is a retrovirus belonging to the family retroviridae and the genus deltaretrovirus. It has a positive-sense RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into DNA and then integrated into the cellular DNA. Once integrated, HTLV-1 continues to exist only as a provirus which can spread from cell to cell through a viral synapse. Few, if any, free virions are produced and there is usually no detectable virus in the blood plasma though the virus is present in genital secretions. Like HIV, HTLV-1 predominately

"H5N1 vaccine"
a virulent clade 1 influenza A (H5N1) virus with the use of a plasmid rescue system, with only the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes expressed and administered without adjuvant. ""The rest of the genes were derived from an avirulent egg-adapted influenza A/PR/8/34 strain. The hemagglutinin gene was further modified to replace six basic amino acids associated with high pathogenicity in birds at the cleavage site between hemagglutinin 1 and hemagglutinin 2. Immunogenicity was assessed by microneutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition assays with the use of the vaccine virus, although a subgroup of samples were tested with the use of the wild-type influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004

avian virus preferentially binds to a type of galactose receptors that populate the avian respiratory tract from the nose to the lungs and are virtually absent in humans, occurring only in and around the alveoli, structures deep in the lungs where oxygen is passed to the blood. Therefore, the virus is not easily expelled by coughing and sneezing, the usual route of transmission. H5N1 is mainly spread by domestic poultry, both through the movements of infected birds and poultry products and through the use of infected poultry manure as fertilizer or feed. Humans with H5N1 have typically caught it from

denied by scientists in those countries. The virus was included in the 1978–1979 influenza vaccine. In the 2009 flu pandemic, the virus isolated from patients in the United States was found to be made up of genetic elements from four different flu viruses – North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – ""an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences."" This new strain appears to be a result of reassortment of human influenza and swine influenza viruses, in all four different strains of subtype H1N1. Preliminary genetic characterization

in Pyongyang. Novel, contagious strains of H5N1 were created by Ron Fouchier of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who first presented his work to the public at an influenza conference in Malta in September 2011. Three mutations were introduced into the H5N1 virus genome, and the virus was then passed from the noses of infected ferrets to the noses of uninfected ones, which was repeated 10 times. After these 10 passages the H5N1 virus had acquired the ability of transmission between ferrets via aerosols or respiratory droplets. After Fouchier offered an article describing this work to the

Goat
of probably all domestic goats today. Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel, and their bones, hair and sinew for clothing, building and tools. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years before present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran. Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami, Djeitun, and Çayönü, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8000 and 9000 years ago. Studies of DNA evidence suggests 10,000 years BP as

Goat
from Proto-Indo-European ""*ǵʰaidos"" meaning ""young goat"" (cf. Latin ""haedus"" ""kid""), itself perhaps from a root meaning ""jump"" (assuming that Old Church Slavonic ""zajęcǐ"" ""hare"", Sanskrit ""jihīte"" ""he moves"" are related). To refer to the male, Old English used ""bucca"" (giving modern ""buck"") until ousted by ""hegote"", ""hegoote"" in the late 12th century. ""Nanny goat"" (females) originated in the 18th century and ""billy goat"" (for males) in the 19th. Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans. The most recent genetic analysis confirms the archaeological evidence that the wild Bezoar ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor

Donkey
and kiang), followed by the African zebras (subgenera ""E. (Dolichohippus)"", and ""E. (Hippotigris)""). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil Pliocene and Pleistocene forms) belong to the subgenus ""E. (Equus)"" which diverged ~4.8 (3.2–6.5) million years ago. The ancestors of the modern donkey are the Nubian and Somalian subspecies of African wild ass. By the end of the fourth millennium BC, the donkey had spread to Southwest Asia, and the main breeding center had shifted to Mesopotamia by 1800 BC. The breeding of large, white riding asses made Damascus famous, while Syrian breeders developed at least

Goat
Goat The domestic goat or simply goat (""Capra aegagrus hircus"") is a subspecies of ""C. aegagrus"" domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the goat—antelope subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and have been used for milk, meat, fur, and skins across much of the world. Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese. Female goats are referred to as ""does"" or

Cattle
history, having been domesticated since at least the early neolithic age. Archeozoological and genetic data indicate that cattle were first domesticated from wild aurochs (""Bos primigenius"") approximately 10,500 years ago. There were two major areas of domestication: one in the Near East (specifically central Anatolia, the Levant and Western Iran), giving rise to the taurine line, and a second in the area that is now Pakistan, resulting in the indicine line. Modern mitochondrial DNA variation indicates the taurine line may have arisen from as few as 80 aurochs tamed in the upper reaches of Mesopotamia near the villages of Çayönü

"Origin of the domestic dog"
a divergence between Southeast Asian and Western Eurasian dogs 17,500-23,900 YBP and this indicates a single dog domestication event occurring between 20,000-40,000 YBP. The study did not support a dual domestication event found by an earlier study. A 2018 study of mDNA sequences shows that the pre-Neolithic dogs of Europe all fell under haplogroup C. The Neolithic and Post-Neolithic dogs from Southeastern Europe that are associated with farmers fell under haplogroup D. In Western and Northern Europe, haplogroup D became diluted into the native dog population. This implies that haplogroup D arrived in Europe 9,000 years ago from the Near

pig. The hypothesis is that two genetically different, and possibly now extinct, wolf populations were domesticated independently in eastern and western Eurasia to produce paleolithic dogs. The eastern Eurasian dogs then dispersed westward alongside humans, reaching western Europe 6,400–14,000 years ago where they partially replaced the western paleolithic dogs. A single domestication is thought to be due to chance, however dual domestication on different sides of the world is unlikely to have happened randomly and it suggests that external factors - an environmental driver - may have forced wolves to work together with humans for survival. It is possible that

"Domestication of the horse"
display the smaller, more slender limbs characteristic of corralled animals, dated to 3500 BCE. Some of the most intriguing evidence of early domestication comes from the Botai culture, found in northern Kazakhstan. The Botai culture was a culture of foragers who seem to have adopted horseback riding in order to hunt the abundant wild horses of northern Kazakhstan between 3500–3000 BCE. Botai sites had no cattle or sheep bones; the only domesticated animals, in addition to horses, were dogs. Botai settlements in this period contained between 50–150 pit houses. Garbage deposits contained tens to hundreds of thousands of discarded animal

extinctions at the height of the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating that increasing cold and glaciation were not factors. Multiple events appear to have caused the rapid replacement of one species by another one within the same genus, or one population by another within the same species, across a broad area. As some species became extinct, so too did the predators that depended on them. The ancestors of modern humans first reached Europe between 43,000-45,000 years BP, with their remains found in Italy and in Britain. During the Last Glacial Maximum there were two types of wolf. The cold north of

"History of the domestic sheep"
although some feral populations have remained isolated long enough to be recognized as distinct breeds. The rearing of sheep for secondary products, and the resulting breed development, began in either southwest Asia or western Europe. Initially, sheep were kept solely for meat, milk and skins. Archaeological evidence from statuary found at sites in Iran suggests that selection for woolly sheep may have begun around 6000 BC, and the earliest woven wool garments have been dated to two to three thousand years later. Before this, when a sheep was slaughtered for its meat, the hide would be tanned and worn as

"The Last Ship (TV series)"
airing on June 21, 2015. On August 11, 2015, ""The Last Ship"" was renewed for a 13-episode third season, stated to premiere June 12, 2016. The season 3 premiere was postponed following the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting because the episode also included a mass shooting in a nightclub. On July 31, 2016, ""The Last Ship"" was renewed for a 10-episode fourth season, which premiered on August 20, 2017. On September 8, 2016, TNT renewed the series for a 10-episode fifth and final season, which was filmed immediately after season four and premiered on September 9, 2018. The final episode aired

The Last Ship (TV series) The Last Ship is an American action-drama television series, loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name by William Brinkley. It debuted on June 22, 2014 and concluded with five seasons on November 11, 2018. After a global viral pandemic wipes out over 80% of the world's population, the crew (consisting of 218 people) of a lone unaffected U.S. Navy ""Arleigh Burke""-class guided missile destroyer, the fictional USS ""Nathan James"" (DDG-151), must try to find a cure, stop the virus, and save humanity. In July 2012, TNT ordered a pilot episode for a

hasn't been seen before."" In July 2015, ""Entertainment Weekly""s Ray Rahman said of the second season, ""The story is getting more interesting as we get an on-the-ground sense of how the pandemic-ravaged US has fared."" The Last Ship (TV series) The Last Ship is an American action-drama television series, loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name by William Brinkley. It debuted on June 22, 2014 and concluded with five seasons on November 11, 2018. After a global viral pandemic wipes out over 80% of the world's population, the crew (consisting of 218 people) of a lone unaffected

on November 11, 2018. The series is produced by Channel Road Productions and Platinum Dunes, with Michael Bay, Brad Fuller, Andrew Form, Steinberg, and Kane. Steinberg and Kane serve as executive producers and day-to-day showrunners. On Metacritic, the first season has an average score of 60 out of 100 based on 22 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Rotten Tomatoes gives the show 66%, with an average rating of 6/10 based on 29 reviews, as of October 2015. The website consensus states: ""Movie-sized action sequences and a pretty cast provide smooth sailing for ""The Last Ship"", though it's not anything that

"The Last Ship (novel)"
aboard the and the , which stands in for the show's fictional USS ""Nathan James"" (DDG-151). A second season (of 13 episodes) was ordered in 2014, to air in 2015, and a third season (also of 13 episodes) was ordered in 2015, to air in 2016. A fourth season of 10 episodes aired in August 2017 and a 10 episode fifth and final season aired in September 2018. The museum ship was used in filming to represent a Russian . The Last Ship (novel) The Last Ship is a 1988 post-apocalyptic fiction novel written by William Brinkley. A television series

"Star Trek: Enterprise (season 4)"
as writers. Season four was the final season of the series, with the show being cancelled during the filming of the episode ""In A Mirror, Darkly"". Following the cancellation, fans of the show conducted protests and raised funds to pay for a fifth season, however their efforts were unsuccessful. ""These Are The Voyages..."" was the final episode of the series, and gained the highest number of viewers for the season according to Nielsen Media Research. However, despite critics describing the fourth season in a warmer manner, the finale was received poorly, with Rick Berman later regretting the storyline. The series

"Star Trek: Voyager (season 4)"
Star Trek: Voyager (season 4) The fourth season of the American science fiction television series """" commenced airing on UPN in the United States on September 3, 1997, and concluded on May 20, 1998, after airing 26 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS ""Voyager"" after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant, far from the rest of the Federation. Series four featured the debut of new main cast member Jeri Ryan as Seven of Nine (Seven), and the departure after two episodes of Jennifer Lien,

"Lost (season 4)"
relationship to the freighter folk"" and ""who gets off the island and the fact that they need to get back"". The fourth season was acclaimed for its flash-forwards, pace and new characters. The season was originally planned to contain 16 episodes; eight were filmed before the start of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike. Following the strike's resolution, it was announced that only five more episodes would be produced to complete the season; however, the season finale's script was so long that network executives approved the production of a 14th episode as part of a three-hour season finale split

"Boardwalk Empire (season 4)"
1920s and early 1930s. The fourth season takes place between February 1924 and January 1925. The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 19, 2014. Ron Livingston and Jeffrey Wright joined the main cast, while Charlie Cox and Bobby Cannavale departed. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The fourth season of ""Boardwalk Empire"" received positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the fourth season scored 77/100 based on 13 reviews. Another aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes, reported 95% of critics gave the fourth season a ""Certified Fresh"" rating, based on 21 reviews with an average score of

Star Trek: Enterprise (season 4) The fourth season of the American science fiction television series """" commenced airing on the UPN network in the United States on October 8, 2004 and concluded on May 13, 2005 after airing 22 episodes. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship ""Enterprise"", registration NX-01. The fourth season saw changes made to the production team, with Manny Coto becoming the show runner. He had joined the team during the as a co-executive producer. Other changes included ""Star Trek"" novelists Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens being brought on board

"The Fourth World (novel)"
The Fourth World (novel) The Fourth World is a science fiction novel by Dennis Danvers originally published in March, 2000 by HarperCollins Publishers. It takes place in 2013, primarily in the Mexican state of Chiapas, and suggests that, in the future, society has been divided by corporate greed into the upper and lower classes, with the middle class having been all but eliminated. Santee St. John is a reporter for NewsReal, a shock site for which he records video via a virtual “interface” allowing viewers to actually experience his recordings on the World Wide Web. He is sent to record

"Captain from Castile"
Cholula, had also been active while the Cortés expedition was present. The film's final scene, involving the movement of the expedition and its thousands of Indian porters, was filmed on the edge of Parícutin's lava beds with the cinder cone prominently nearby in the shot. The presence of the volcano, however, also proved to be expensive to production, since its ash cloud often made lighting conditions inconducive to filming. Filming began November 25, 1946, and was completed on April 4, 1947. The film company spent 83 days in Mexico before returning to Hollywood to complete 33 days of studio filming,

"King Javan's Year"
to the British Isles of the 10th century, with a powerful Holy Church (based on the Roman Catholic Church), and a feudal government ruled by a hereditary monarchy. The population of Gwynedd includes both humans and Deryni, a race of people with inherent physic and magical abilities who are being systematically persecuted by both the Crown and the Church. The novel begins almost three years after the conclusion of ""The Harrowing of Gwynedd"", as the continuously poor health of young King Alroy Haldane has brought him to his deathbed. To claim his rightful place as the next King of Gwynedd,

of Coatl and demise of de Silva, backward to what became the film's finale. Followers of the novel have criticized the failure to include the second half, which follows Pedro's development from a callow youth of 19 to a mature gentleman and features the expedition's battles with the Aztecs, Pedro's capture during the ""Noche Triste"", his return to Spain and subsequent intrigue at the court of Charles V. However, like the film adaptation of ""Northwest Passage"", the film's length and severe costs limited inclusion to those aspects most desired by the producers. The script for similar reasons made minor alterations

"El Palomo cojo"
and sexual identity in Andalusia, Spain, in the 1950s. In 1958, Felipe, a ten-year-old boy, is sent by his mother to spend the summer with his maternal relatives in Sanlúcar de Barrameda while he recuperates his frail health. His grandparents are wealthy and live in a vast residence that serves as the center that reunites a large family and many visitors. The house is dominated by the frequent howls of the boy's ancient great-grandmother, who is senile and is taken care by Adoración, a strict nurse, who endures the old woman's endlessly repeated recollection of the four bandoleros who killed

"Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle"
begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult ""levels"", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex, the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson ""Seaplane"" McDonough. Taking shelter in a jungle house built by the game's previous player Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into

"Ricardo Pinto"
young nobleman Carnelian as he is thrust into the dangerous political arena of the Three Lands. In this slave-owning civilisation of dazzling beauty and ancient ritual, the purity of noble bloodlines is paramount to the strict and ruthless caste system headed by the God Emperor and his Chosen. The faces of these self-indulgent Masters, held as deities, can never be seen unmasked by lesser people, under threat of immediate death. As the series begins, Carnelian follows his father Sardian, Lord Suth, from their outlying home to the capital of Osrakum as the current Emperor lies dying and a successor is

"The White Company"
The White Company The White Company is a historical adventure by Arthur Conan Doyle set during the Hundred Years' War. The story is set in England, France, and Spain, in the years 1366 and 1367, against the background of the campaign of Edward, the Black Prince to restore Peter of Castile to the throne of the Kingdom of Castile. The climax of the book occurs before the Battle of Nájera. Doyle became inspired to write the novel after attending a lecture on the Middle Ages in 1889. After extensive research, ""The White Company"" was published in serialized form in 1891

and the inhabitants thereof while presuming to lay out the battle-lines for its lame Armageddon. The exploited, oppressed, and ultimate saved are exclusively Latin-American, and no reference is ever made to alternatives in Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia to the heavy-handed developed-world bashing image of North America. The Fourth World (novel) The Fourth World is a science fiction novel by Dennis Danvers originally published in March, 2000 by HarperCollins Publishers. It takes place in 2013, primarily in the Mexican state of Chiapas, and suggests that, in the future, society has been divided by corporate greed into the upper and lower classes,

"Jamie Ford"
1 February 2009. The novel received numerous awards after its publication. The most notable awards came in 2010, when the book was the winner in the ""Adult Fiction"" category at the 2010 Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature, and was a runner-up for the 2009 Langum Prize for historical fiction. It was also named the #1 Book Club Pick for Fall 2009/Winter 2010 by the American Booksellers Association. The book is set mainly in the Nihonmachi and Chinatown-International District areas of Seattle, Washington. It switches between two different narratives of a Chinese-American named Henry Lee, each one taking place at different

"Washington Redskins"
Washington Redskins The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. The Redskins compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover, Maryland; its headquarters and training facility are at Inova Sports Performance Center at Redskins Park in Ashburn, Virginia and the Redskins Complex in Richmond, Virginia, respectively. The Redskins have played more than one thousand games since their founding in , and are one of only five franchises in the NFL to record over

six hundred regular season and postseason wins, reaching that mark in 2015. The Redskins have won five NFL Championships (the latter three in Super Bowls), and have captured fourteen divisional titles and six conference championships. It was the first NFL franchise with an official marching band and the first with a fight song, ""Hail to the Redskins"". The team began play in Boston as the Braves in 1932, and became the ""Redskins"" the following year. In 1937, the team relocated to Washington, D.C. The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 NFL championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII,

"Washington Nationals"
Washington Nationals The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C.. The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol Street in Southeast D.C., near the Anacostia River. The Nationals are the eighth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971. The current National League club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, part of the MLB expansion.

drawn controversy, with many criticizing it as offensive to Native Americans. The team originated as the Boston Braves, based in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1932, under the ownership of George Preston Marshall. At the time the team played in Braves Field, home of the Boston Braves baseball team in the National League. The following year, the club moved to Fenway Park, home of the American League's Boston Red Sox, whereupon owners changed the team's name to ""Boston Redskins."" To round out the change, Marshall hired William ""Lone Star"" Dietz, who was thought to be part Sioux, as the team's head coach.

"Washington, D.C."
Washington Mystics (Women's National Basketball Association), play at the Capital One Arena in Chinatown. Nationals Park, which opened in Southeast D.C. in 2008, is home to the Washington Nationals (Major League Baseball). D.C. United (Major League Soccer) plays at Audi Field. The Washington Redskins (National Football League) play at FedExField in nearby Landover, Maryland. Current D.C. teams have won a combined eleven professional league championships: the Washington Redskins have won five; D.C. United has won four; and the Washington Wizards (then the Washington Bullets) and Washington Capitals have each won a single championship. Other professional and semi-professional teams in Washington

However, Boston wasn't much of a football town at the time and the team had difficulty drawing fans. The Redskins relocated south from New England after five years to the national capital of Washington, D.C. in 1937. Through 1960, the Redskins shared baseball's Griffith Stadium with the first Washington Senators baseball team of the American League. In their first game in Washington on September 16, the Redskins defeated the New York Giants in the season opener, On December 5, they earned their first division title in Washington with a win over the Giants in New York, for the Eastern Championship.

"Arts and culture of Washington, D.C."
Field in Landover, Maryland is the home of the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). Other professional and semi-professional teams in Washington include the Washington Kastles of the World Team Tennis, the Washington, D.C. Slayers of American National Rugby League, the Baltimore Washington Eagles of the U.S. Australian Football League, the D.C. Divas of the Independent Women's Football League, and the Potomac Athletic Club RFC of the Rugby Super League. The Washington Redskins have won three Super Bowls; D.C. United has won four MLS Cup titles; the Washington Wizards has won one NBA Championship. Together, current Washington, D.C.

29 U.S. teams for the season. The Nationals have an interleague rivalry with the nearby Baltimore Orioles, which is nicknamed the Beltway Series. The teams have played two series a season – one in Baltimore and one in Washington – since 2006. <div style=""font-size: 100%""> Washington Nationals The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C.. The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol

"Sports in Washington, D.C."
the Washington area with an average attendance of over 5,000 fans per game. The Washington Redskins are the fifth-most valuable franchise in the NFL, according to ""Forbes"" magazine. The football team is the most popular sports team in the area and regularly sells out the 4th largest stadium in the National Football League, FedExField, located in the Washington suburb of Landover, Maryland. In its first season in Washington after relocating from Boston in 1937, the Redskins won the NFL championship. They won again in 1942 and later played in five Super Bowls, winning three times (1982, 1987, and 1991). Washington's

uniform for the Color Rush program, but the team refused to wear it suggesting that the look was garish. Instead, the Redskins wore burgundy uniforms, pants, socks and cleats for the game against the Cowboys that November. For 2018, the Redskins replaced the gold pants with white pants. The name and logo of the Washington Redskins is part of a larger controversy regarding the use of Native American names, images and symbols by non-native sports teams, but receives the most public attention due to the prominence of the team being located in the nation's capital and the name itself being

PH
PH In chemistry, pH () is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the activity of the hydrogen ion. At 25 °C, solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature, being lower than 7 if the

"Soil pH"
Soil pH Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions ( or, more precisely, ) in a solution. In soils, it is measured in a slurry of soil mixed with water (or a salt solution, such as 0.01 M ), and normally falls between 3 and 10, with 7 being neutral. Acid soils have a pH below 7 and alkaline soils have a pH above 7. Ultra-acidic soils (pH < 3.5) and very strongly alkaline soils (pH > 9)

PH
than three reagents. The calculation of hydrogen ion concentrations, using this formalism, is a key element in the determination of equilibrium constants by potentiometric titration. PH In chemistry, pH () is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the activity of the hydrogen ion. At 25 °C, solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and

PH
is dissolved in water, the pH will be greater than 7. A solution of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm has a pH of 0. A solution of a strong alkali, such as sodium hydroxide, at concentration 1 mol dm, has a pH of 14. Thus, measured pH values will lie mostly in the range 0 to 14, though negative pH values and values above 14 are entirely possible. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one pH unit is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. <br> The pH

PH
the Hammett acidity function, ""H"", has been developed in connection with superacids. The concept of ""unified pH scale"" has been developed on the basis of the absolute chemical potential of the proton. This model uses the Lewis acid–base definition. This scale applies to liquids, gases and even solids. In 2010, a new ""unified absolute pH scale"" has been proposed that would allow various pH ranges across different solutions to use a common proton reference standard. Pure water is neutral. When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7 (25 °C). When a base, or alkali,

PH
temperature increases. Pure water is neutral, pH 7 at (25 °C), being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively. Measurements of pH are important in agronomy, medicine, chemistry, water treatment, and many other applications. The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such

PH
pH measurements. The concentration of hydroxide ions in water is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions by where ""K"" is the self-ionisation constant of water. Taking logarithms So, at room temperature, pOH ≈ 14 − pH. However this relationship is not strictly valid in other circumstances, such as in measurements of soil alkalinity. Measurement of pH below about 2.5 (ca. 0.003 mol dm acid) and above about 10.5 (ca. 0.0003 mol dm alkaline) requires special procedures because, when using the glass electrode, the Nernst law breaks down under those conditions. Various factors contribute to this. It cannot be assumed

PH
liter of solution) we get , thus such a solution has a pH of . For a commonplace example based on the facts that the masses of a mole of water, a mole of hydrogen ions, and a mole of hydroxide ions are respectively 18 g, 1 g, and 17 g, a quantity of 10 moles of pure (pH 7) water, or 180 tonnes (18×10 g), contains close to 1 g of dissociated hydrogen ions (or rather 19 g of HO hydronium ions) and 17 g of hydroxide ions. Note that pH depends on temperature. For instance at 0 °C

PH
upon the abundance of fluoride in the medium. In seawater, for instance, sulfate ions occur at much greater concentrations (>400 times) than those of fluoride. As a consequence, for most practical purposes, the difference between the total and seawater scales is very small. The following three equations summarise the three scales of pH: In practical terms, the three seawater pH scales differ in their values by up to 0.12 pH units, differences that are much larger than the accuracy of pH measurements typically required, in particular, in relation to the ocean's carbonate system. Since it omits consideration of sulfate and

PH
fluoride ions, the free scale is significantly different from both the total and seawater scales. Because of the relative unimportance of the fluoride ion, the total and seawater scales differ only very slightly. The pH of different cellular compartments, body fluids, and organs is usually tightly regulated in a process called acid-base homeostasis. The most common disorder in acid-base homeostasis is acidosis, which means an acid overload in the body, generally defined by pH falling below 7.35. Alkalosis is the opposite condition, with blood pH being excessively high. The pH of blood is usually slightly basic with a value of

Love
also been translated as ""love of the soul."" ""Eros"" ( ""érōs"") (from the Greek deity Eros) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word ""erota"" means ""in love"". Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as ""love of the body"". ""Philia""

"Romance (love)"
low attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, while the fearful style is high on both dimensions, the dismissing style is low on anxiety and high on avoidance, and the preoccupied style is high on anxiety and low on avoidance. Singer (1984a, 1984b, 1987) first defined love based on four Greek terms: ""eros"", meaning the search for beauty; ""philia"", the feelings of affection in close friendships, ""nomos"", the submission of and obedience to higher or divine powers, and ""agape"", the bestowal of love and affection for the divine powers. While Singer did believe that love was important to world culture, he did not

Love
traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Passionate love is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate); companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal. Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word ""love"" is used. Ancient Greeks identified four forms of love: kinship or familiarity (in Greek, ""storge""), friendship and/or platonic desire (""philia""), sexual and/or romantic desire (""eros""), and self-emptying or divine love (""agape""). Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of romantic love. However, with Greek

"Love song"
Love song A love song is a song about romantic love, falling in love, heartbreak after a breakup, and the feelings that these experiences bring. A comprehensive list of even the best known performers and composers of love songs would be a large order. Love songs can be found in a variety of different music genres. Love songs have been around for centuries and can be found in the histories and cultures of most societies, though their ubiquity is a modern phenomenon. A highly controversial and startling explanation of the genesis of love songs can be found in Denis de

Love
from arts, dance, music, painting, sculpture and nature. The concept kama is found in some of the earliest known verses in Vedas. For example, Book 10 of Rig Veda describes the creation of the universe from nothing by the great heat. There in hymn 129, it states: Rumi, Hafiz and Sa'di are icons of the passion and love that the Persian culture and language present. The Persian word for love is ""Ishq"", which is derived from Arabic language, however it is considered by most to be too stalwart a term for interpersonal love and is more commonly substituted for ""doost

Love
a loved one. Though modern usage of ""koi"" focuses on sexual love and infatuation, the Manyō used the term to cover a wider range of situations, including tenderness, benevolence, and material desire. The third term, , is a more modern construction that combines the kanji characters for both ""ai"" and ""koi"", though its usage more closely resembles that of ""koi"" in the form of romantic love. Kama in Indian literature means “desire, wish or longing”. In contemporary literature, kama refers usually to sexual desire. However, the term also refers to any sensory enjoyment, emotional attraction and aesthetic pleasure such as

"True lover's knot"
True lover's knot The term true lover's knot, also called true love knot is used for many distinct knots. The association of knots with the symbolism of love, friendship and affection dates back to antiquity. Because of this, no single knot can be determined to be the true ""true love knot"". Modern western knotting literature has the name for these related knots deriving from stories or legends in which the knots symbolize the connection between a couple in love. Many examples feature sailors separated from their beloved. Ashley notes that it was once common for sailors' wedding rings, where gold

Their three forms included the three permutations of pairs of gender (i.e. one masculine and masculine, another feminine and feminine, and the third masculine and feminine) and they were split by the gods to thwart the creatures' assault on heaven, recapitulated, according to the comic playwright, in other myths such as the Aloadae. This story is relevant to modern romance partly because of the image of reciprocity it shows between the sexes. In the final speech before Alcibiades arrives, Socrates gives his encomium of love and desire as a lack of being, namely, the being or form of beauty. Though

"Lord Lovel"
Lord Lovel Lord Lovel is one of the ballads anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century, (Roud 49) and exists in several variants. This ballad is originally from England, originating in the Late Middle Ages, with the oldest known versions being found in the regions of Gloucestershire, Somerset, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, and Wiltshire. A lord tells the lady he loves that he is going in a journey that will take several years. After a time, he longs to see her. He returns whereupon he hears of her death, and dies of grief. The journey that

from any romance that might arise within it. Romantic love may also be classified according to two categories, ""popular romance"" and ""divine or spiritual"" romance: Greek philosophers and authors have had many theories of love. Some of these theories are presented in Plato's ""Symposium"". Six Athenian friends, including Socrates, drink wine and each give a speech praising the deity Eros. When his turn comes, Aristophanes says in his mythical speech that sexual partners seek each other because they are descended from beings with spherical torsos, two sets of human limbs, genitalia on each side, and two faces back to back.

"Les Misérables (2012 film)"
Les Misérables (2012 film) Les Misérables is a 2012 musical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and scripted by William Nicholson, Alain Boublil, Claude-Michel Schönberg, and Herbert Kretzmer, based on the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo, which also inspired a 1980 musical by Boublil and Schönberg. The film is a British and American venture distributed by Universal Pictures. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Eddie Redmayne, Amanda Seyfried, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen. The film takes place in France during the early 19th century and

musical's essentially sung-through form and would thus introduce very little additional dialogue. Hooper confirmed that the film would not be shot in 3D, expressing his opinion that it would not enhance the emotional narrative of the film and would distract audiences from the storytelling. Following this announcement, reports surfaced in the press that Sacha Baron Cohen had begun talks to join the cast as Thénardier and that Aaron Tveit had been cast as Enjolras. Later that month, the press officially confirmed Tveit's casting as Enjolras. Colm Wilkinson and Frances Ruffelle (the original Valjean and Éponine, respectively, in the West End

"Les Misérables (1998 film)"
Les Misérables (1998 film) Les Misérables is a 1998 film adaptation of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel of the same name, directed by Bille August. It stars Liam Neeson, Geoffrey Rush, Uma Thurman, and Claire Danes. As in the original novel, the storyline follows the adult life of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict (paroled following 19 years of hard labor, for stealing bread) pursued by police Inspector Javert. It was filmed at Barrandov Studios in Prague. Jean Valjean, a man arrested for stealing bread nineteen years earlier, is released on account of Mrs. Herberst, Valjeans wife. When no one is willing to

favourable reviews, with many critics praising the cast, with Jackman, Hathaway, Redmayne and Samantha Barks being the most often singled out for praise. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Jackman, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for Hathaway. It also won four British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), including for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Hathaway. Additionally, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture (the first musical nominated

story's developments without blunting its emotional impact."" The film opened at number four in its opening weekend with $5,011,840 behind ""He Got Game"", ""City of Angels"", and ""The Big Hit""; the film grossed a domestic total of $14,096,321. Les Misérables (1998 film) Les Misérables is a 1998 film adaptation of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel of the same name, directed by Bille August. It stars Liam Neeson, Geoffrey Rush, Uma Thurman, and Claire Danes. As in the original novel, the storyline follows the adult life of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict (paroled following 19 years of hard labor, for stealing bread) pursued

Redmayne joined the cast as Marius Pontmercy. It was reported that the shortlist of actresses for the role of Éponine included Scarlett Johansson (who also auditioned for the role of Fantine), Lea Michele, Miley Cyrus, Tamsin Egerton, Taylor Swift, and Evan Rachel Wood. In January 2012, the press reported that the role of Éponine had officially been offered to Taylor Swift, but Swift later stated that those reports were not entirely accurate. At the end of the month, Mackintosh made a special appearance during the curtain call of the ""Oliver!"" UK tour at the Palace Theatre, Manchester, announcing that the

the young firebrand Marius, who, along with his fellow students, is caught up in France's political upheavals in the 19th century."" Samantha Barks earned praise for her portrayal of Éponine, with ""Digital Journal"" saying: ""Samantha Barks plays Éponine with such grace, sweetness, and sadness that it is hard to imagine anyone else in the role"", while Claudia Puig of ""USA Today"" calls her ""heartbreakingly soulful"", Richard Roeper of ""Chicago Sun-Times"" describes her performance as ""star-making"", and Roger Friedman of Showbiz411.com says she ""just about steals the film"". Crowe's performance was less well received and even Crowe agreed that the film

tour's Nancy, Samantha Barks, who had played Éponine in the West End production and in the 25th Anniversary concert, would reprise the role in the film. Barks had been auditioning for 15 weeks by that point. Originally, an unknown was sought for the role of Cosette, with an open casting call in New York City in December 2011. In January 2012, reports surfaced that Amanda Seyfried had been offered the role instead. Eddie Redmayne confirmed both Seyfried's casting and that of Bonham Carter as Madame Thénardier in an interview on 12 January. Hooper confirmed that he would stick to the

the novel, Gavroche lives in the decaying monument. On-location filming also took place at Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes in France. Footage of Hathaway singing ""I Dreamed a Dream"", a song from the musical, was shown at CinemaCon 26 April 2012. Russell Crowe confirmed 5 June 2012, on Twitter that he had finished filming. He was later followed by Samantha Barks, confirming that all of her scenes had too been completed. Jackman stated that all filming had been completed 23 June 2012. Some late filming occurred in Bath, Somerset, in October 2012 where stunt shots for Javert's suicide scene had to be reshot

"Strictly Come Dancing"
led retired ballerina Dame Darcey Bussell to replace her; Bussell remains a judge alongside Tonioli and Revel Horwood. Tonioli commutes weekly between Hollywood and London to judge both the American and British versions of the show simultaneously. Each judge gives the performance a mark out of ten, giving an overall total out of forty. The voice-over announcer is Alan Dedicoat. During series four, an hour-long highlights show was shown on Sundays at 19:00 on BBC Two, and during series five and six, the results show moved to Sunday evenings, although it was filmed on Saturday and then broadcast ""as live""

being combined with the ranking of the judges. For example, with ten contestants left, the judges' favourite would receive ten points, second favourite nine points, and so on, and similarly with the viewers' rankings. The bottom ranked couple gets one point. The profits from the telephone lines were donated to Sport Relief in series 1, and to Children in Need from series 2 to 5. The show is broadcast live on BBC One on Saturday evenings, and is currently presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman (however Zoë Ball covered for Winkleman for a number of weeks in 2014). Sir

on the Sunday. The singers on the show are Tommy Blaize, Hayley Sanderson, Lance Ellington, Andrea Grant and formerly the well known UK dance music vocalist Tara McDonald. The music director is David Arch. Tommy Blaize has been part of ""Strictly"" since its beginning. David Arch joined in the fourth series and Hayley Sanderson in the fifth. The show was broadcast from a specially constructed set at the BBC Television Centre, moving to the Elstree Studios in 2013. However, in the first two series, shows were also filmed at the Tower Ballroom in Blackpool, where the original ""Come Dancing"" series

and with its high viewing figures ""Strictly Come Dancing"" has become a significant programme in British popular culture. The sixteenth series ended on 15 December 2018. A further eleven stand-alone Christmas specials have also been produced, in consecutive years from 2004 onwards. Nine charity specials have also been produced since 2008. Since the fourth series, the show has also been aired in high definition on BBC HD, and BBC One HD from series 8. On 7 November 2013, it was announced that Sir Bruce Forsyth would be retiring from presenting the main series. While intending to return as host for

taking part this series. This is the first series to be broadcast since Sir Bruce Forsyth's death in August that year. In a change to the format of previous five years, there was no elimination in the final, hence there were three runner-up couples this series. On 30 January 2018, it was announced that Brendan Cole would no longer perform in the show. On 30 May 2018, the full line-up for professional dancers was announced. Chloe Hewitt left the series, and three new professional dancers, Graziano Di Prima, Johannes Radebe and Luba Mushtuk were announced to be joining the show.

Strictly Come Dancing Strictly Come Dancing (informally known as Strictly) is a British television dance contest in which celebrities partner with professional dancers to compete in mainly ballroom and Latin dance. Each couple is scored out of 10 by a panel of judges. The format has been exported to over 40 other countries, and has also inspired a modern dance-themed spin-off ""Strictly Dance Fever"". The show is currently presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman. The show has run on BBC One since 15 May 2004, primarily on Saturday evenings with a following Sunday night results show (with certain exceptions)

Strictly returned with a launch show on 10 September 2011, with the final in December at the Tower Ballroom, Blackpool. Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly returned to front the main show, and Claudia Winkleman presented the Sunday night results show along with Daly. For """", a new presenter joined the team. Winkleman had to pull out of the 2011 series as it would be difficult to do a daily programme so soon after giving birth and was replaced by Zoë Ball. All of series eight's judges returned to the show. Jennifer Grey served as a cover judge for Len Goodman

Roll and The Charleston. The Argentine Tango coaches in series three were Flavia Cacace and Vincent Simone, both of whom have subsequently competed in the show. From Series 1-4, the results show was shown live, later on the Saturday 1 hour after the performances. From Series 5 onwards, the results show is recorded on the Saturday night directly after the live show and incorporates the result of the viewers' votes which are completed by 21:30. This was confirmed by the official BBC website in 2008: Throughout the Sunday results show the presenters refer to 'last night' in reference to the

Bruce Forsyth presented the live shows alongside Daly from 2004 to 2013, announcing his departure in 2014. He was to continue to present special editions of the show. For some of the second series, Natasha Kaplinsky stood in temporarily for Daly while she took maternity leave; Claudia Winkleman hosted the results show and editions that Forsyth had missed between 2010 and 2013. The judging panel initially consisted of Bruno Tonioli, Arlene Phillips, Len Goodman and Craig Revel Horwood. Alesha Dixon took Phillips' place from series 7 to 9, after which she left the programme to judge ""Britain's Got Talent"" which

replacing Slater. On 2 September 2013, it was announced that a foot fracture injury meant Natalie Lowe would not be able to participate this series, and she was replaced by returning professional Vilani. The series started on 7 September 2014 with a launch show, followed by the live shows starting on 26 and 27 September. This series was the first not to be presented by Sir Bruce Forsyth after announcing his departure from the live shows on 4 April (He made his final regular appearance in this series' launch show). However, Forsyth would continue to present special editions of the

"Phillip Paley"
and commentary on the ""Land of the Lost"" DVDs. Phillip Paley Phillip Paley (born September 15, 1963) is an American actor possibly best recalled for his role as Cha-Ka in the 1974 American television series ""Land of the Lost"". Born in Los Angeles, California, Paley began his acting career at age ten on the cult children's TV series ""Land of the Lost"". He was discovered for the role by becoming a karate black belt at age nine and consequently appearing on ""The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"" with Chuck Norris. In 1988 he starred in a Roger Corman teen exploitation

Phillip Paley Phillip Paley (born September 15, 1963) is an American actor possibly best recalled for his role as Cha-Ka in the 1974 American television series ""Land of the Lost"". Born in Los Angeles, California, Paley began his acting career at age ten on the cult children's TV series ""Land of the Lost"". He was discovered for the role by becoming a karate black belt at age nine and consequently appearing on ""The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"" with Chuck Norris. In 1988 he starred in a Roger Corman teen exploitation comedy titled ""Beach Balls"". He has contributed to interviews

"Land of the Lost (1974 TV series)"
shot on a modular indoor soundstage at General Service Studios in Hollywood, and made economical use of a small number of sets and scenic props which were rearranged frequently to suggest the ostensibly vast jungles, ancient cities and cave systems. As is traditional in many effect scenes, miniatures or scale-version settings were used for insertion of live-action scenes. Additional locations were often rendered using scale miniatures and chroma key. Spencer Milligan departed the show at the beginning of its third season for financial reasons. In addition to a salary increase, he believed it was only fair that he and the

to be aired extensively through syndication. Based on that success, a remake of the series began in 1991 and ran for two seasons. On June 5, 2009 a feature film based on the 1974 TV series opened in U.S. theaters. Unlike the original series, which was a serious take on the story, the film was a comedy/parody (more likely inspired by the unsuccessful 1991 series reboot). It was directed by Brad Silberling and starred Will Ferrell, with the Krofft brothers serving as co-producers. Although the original series was aimed for children, the film's target audience was adults. In 2015 it

"Land of the Lost (film)"
Land of the Lost (film) Land of the Lost is a 2009 American adventure comedy film directed by Brad Silberling, written by Chris Henchy and Dennis McNicholas and starring Will Ferrell, Danny McBride and Anna Friel, loosely based on the 1974 Sid and Marty Krofft television series of the same name. The film was theatrically released on June 5, 2009 by Universal Pictures. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing just $68 million against its a $100 million budget. It received seven Golden Raspberry Award nominations, including Worst Picture, winning Worst Prequel,

Cha-Ka
the series"", adding that it was likely toned down to avoid frightening its young viewership. In ""Sid and Marty Krofft: A Critical Study of Saturday Morning Children's Television, 1969-1993"", film and television historian Hal Erickson praises ""Land of the Lost"" for not revealing all the details of the show's premise in the first episode, instead spreading out plot revelations throughout the first season. In ""Cha-ka"", only the dinosaurs and Pakuni are revealed; later episodes would introduce the Sleestak and other elements of the program's mythology. Erickson contrasts this with ""standard operating procedure in the 1970s ... to lay all the

Cha-Ka
cards on the table in the opening episode"", and lauds the show's creators Sid and Marty Krofft for ""having enough confidence in [their] young audience to unfold [the] series' exposition over a matter of weeks rather than minutes"". Cha-Ka ""Cha-Ka"" is the first episode of the first season of the 1974 American television series ""Land of the Lost"". Written by David Gerrold and directed by Dennis Steinmetz, it first aired in the United States on September 7, 1974 on NBC. An enormous earthquake plunges Rick, Will, and Holly Marshall ""down a thousand feet below"" to the Land of the Lost

course of many episodes. The series' intention was to create a realistic fantasy world, albeit relying heavily on children's acceptance of minor inconsistencies. In a 1999 interview, first-season story editor and writer David Gerrold claimed that he largely created the show, based on photographs of various science fiction topoi that were bound together in a book and given him by Sid Krofft and Allan Foshko. It was a marked departure from the Krofft team's previous work, which mostly featured extremely stylized puppets and sets such as those in ""H.R. Pufnstuf"" and ""Lidsville"". The series for the first two seasons was

Times"" listed the film as one of the most expensive box office flops of all time. The DVD was released on October 13, 2009, with sales reaching $20,286,563 as of August 2011. Land of the Lost (film) Land of the Lost is a 2009 American adventure comedy film directed by Brad Silberling, written by Chris Henchy and Dennis McNicholas and starring Will Ferrell, Danny McBride and Anna Friel, loosely based on the 1974 Sid and Marty Krofft television series of the same name. The film was theatrically released on June 5, 2009 by Universal Pictures. The film received generally negative

Cha-Ka
Cha-Ka ""Cha-Ka"" is the first episode of the first season of the 1974 American television series ""Land of the Lost"". Written by David Gerrold and directed by Dennis Steinmetz, it first aired in the United States on September 7, 1974 on NBC. An enormous earthquake plunges Rick, Will, and Holly Marshall ""down a thousand feet below"" to the Land of the Lost while river-rafting. When their raft washes ashore, they are met with a tyrannosaur they soon dub ""Grumpy"", who chases them till they reach a homely cave located up a steep cliff. Presumably the next day, the Marshalls begin

"Security alarm"
of an alarm. In some municipalities around the United States, this type of alarm verification allows the property it is protecting to be placed on a ""verified response"" list, allowing for quicker and safer police responses. The first video home security system was patented on December 2, 1969 to inventor Marie Brown. The system used television surveillance. To be useful, an intrusion alarm system is deactivated or reconfigured when authorized personnel are present. Authorization may be indicated in any number of ways, often with keys or codes used at the control panel or a remote panel near an entry. High-security

"Intrusion detection system"
attackers are using, the following are considered 'simple' measures which can be taken to evade IDS: The earliest preliminary IDS concept was delineated in 1980 by James Anderson at the National Security Agency and consisted of a set of tools intended to help administrators review audit trails. User access logs, file access logs, and system event logs are examples of audit trails. Fred Cohen noted in 1987 that it is impossible to detect an intrusion in every case, and that the resources needed to detect intrusions grow with the amount of usage. Dorothy E. Denning, assisted by Peter G. Neumann,

"Marie Van Brittan Brown"
to adopt her system due to its effectiveness. For her invention she received an award from the National Science Committee. Marie Van Brittan Brown Marie Van Brittan Brown (October 30, 1922 – February 2, 1999) was an African-American inventor, becoming the originator of the home security system ( """") in 1966, along with her husband Albert Brown, a patent was granted in 1969. Brown was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York; she died there at the age of 76. Marie Van Brittan Brown's father was born in Massachusetts and her mother's roots originated from Pennsylvania. Brown and her husband lived

"Computer and network surveillance"
running in a targeted computer in a trojan style and performing keystroke logging. CIPAV, deployed by FBI, is a multi-purpose spyware/trojan. The Clipper Chip, formerly known as MYK-78, is a small hardware chip that the government can install into phones, designed in the nineties. It is intended to secure private communication and data by reading voice messages that are encoded and decode them. The Clipper Chip was designed during the Clinton administration to, “…protect personal safety and national security against a developing information anarchy that fosters criminals, terrorists and foreign foes.” The government portrays it as solving the secret codes

was traced back to 23-year-old Cornell University graduate student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who said 'he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet'. In 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard

"Willis Ware"
Willis Ware Willis Howard Ware (August 31, 1920 – November 22, 2013) was an American computer pioneer, privacy pioneer, social critic of technology policy, and a founder in the field of computer security. Ware studied electrical engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and MIT. During World War II, he worked for the Hazeltine Corporation (1942–1946) on classified military projects. After the war (1946–1951), he joined the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton to work with John von Neumann on building an early computer. After completing his PhD there, he moved to North American Aviation (1951–1952), helped to move the aviation

"Video camera"
Video camera A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition (as opposed to a movie camera, which records images on film), initially developed for the television industry but now common in other applications as well. The earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the mechanical Nipkow disk and used in experimental broadcasts through the 1918s–1930s. All-electronic designs based on the video camera tube, such as Vladimir Zworykin's Iconoscope and Philo Farnsworth's image dissector, supplanted the Baird system by the 1930s. These remained in wide use until the 1980s, when cameras based on

more often surveillance and monitoring tasks in which unattended recording of a situation is required for later analysis. Modern video cameras have numerous designs and uses. Video camera A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition (as opposed to a movie camera, which records images on film), initially developed for the television industry but now common in other applications as well. The earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the mechanical Nipkow disk and used in experimental broadcasts through the 1918s–1930s. All-electronic designs based on the video camera tube, such as Vladimir

"Artificial intelligence for video surveillance"
conditions. Rules could be set for a ""virtual fence"" or intrusion into a pre-defined area. Rules could be set for directional travel, object left behind, crowd formation and some other conditions. One of the most powerful features of the system is that a human officer or operator, receiving an alert from the A.I., could immediately talk down over outdoor public address loudspeakers to the intruder. This had high deterrence value as most crimes are opportunistic and the risk of capture to the intruder becomes so pronounced when a live person is talking to them that they are very likely to

"Global surveillance"
by Edward Snowden triggered a debate about the right to privacy in the Digital Age. The origins of global surveillance can be traced back to the late 1940s after the UKUSA Agreement was collaboratively enacted by the United Kingdom and the United States, which eventually culminated in the creation of the global surveillance network code-named ""ECHELON"" in 1971. In the aftermath of the 1970s Watergate affair and a subsequent congressional inquiry led by Sen. Frank Church, it was revealed that the NSA, in collaboration with Britain's GCHQ, had routinely intercepted the international communications of prominent anti-Vietnam War leaders such as

"History of Sussex"
the Civil War with two sieges and one battle. As the Industrial Revolution took hold, the Wealden iron industry collapsed. The growth of the seaside resorts in the 18th century was especially significant in Sussex. Sussex men played a significant role in the first world war Battle of the Boar's Head At the war's end terms of the Armistice were agreed at Danny House. In World War Two the county was a base for the Dieppe Raid and D-Day landings. In 1974, the Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial

its local governance. After the Reform Act of 1832 Sussex was divided into the eastern division and the western division, these divisions were coterminous with the two archdeaconries of Chichester and Lewes. In 1889, following the Local Government Act 1888, using those same boundaries, Sussex was divided into two administrative counties, East Sussex and West Sussex together with three self-governing county boroughs, Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings. In the post-war era, the New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of a new town. In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the county boundaries were revised with the mid-Sussex

"West Sussex"
Wessex as an earldom and became the county of Sussex. With its origins in the kingdom of Sussex, the later county of Sussex was traditionally divided into six units known as rapes. By the 16th century, the three western rapes were grouped together informally, having their own separate Quarter Sessions. These were administered by a separate county council from 1888, the county of Sussex being divided for administrative purposes into the administrative counties of East and West Sussex. In 1974, West Sussex was made a single ceremonial county with the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At

for the western division. There was a total of 3478 votes cast in the eastern division and 2365 votes in the western division. Before the 1832 reform two members each had been returned by Arundel, Chichester, Hastings, Horsham, Lewes, Midhurst, New Shoreham (with the Rape of Bramber) and Rye. Arundel, Horsham, Midhurst and Rye were each deprived of a member in 1832, Chichester and Lewes in 1867, and Hastings in 1885. Arundel was disfranchised in 1868, and Chichester, Horsham, Midhurst, New Shoreham and Rye in 1885. Under the new system the constituencies were based on unit numbers rather than historic

"East Sussex"
were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely. Sussex is traditionally sub-divided into six rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes together and the three western rapes together had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex

area of East Grinstead, Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and Hassocks being transferred from East Sussex into West Sussex along with Crawley and the Gatwick area that was formerly part of Surrey. As part of the Local Government Act 1972, the eastern and western divisions of Sussex were made into the ceremonial counties of East and West Sussex in 1974. Boundaries were changed and a large part of the rape of Lewes was transferred from the eastern division into West Sussex, along with Gatwick Airport, which was historically part of the county of Surrey. The county boroughs were returned to the

Sussex
boundary, it became practical to divide the county into two sections. The three eastern rapes of Sussex became east Sussex and the three western rapes became west Sussex. An act of Henry VII dating from 1504 directed that, for convenience, the two halves of the county should have separate administrations (Quarter Sessions). This situation was recognised by the County of Sussex Act 1865. Under the Local Government Act 1888, the two divisions became two administrative counties (along with three county boroughs: Brighton, Hastings and, from 1911, Eastbourne). Created in the fifth century, the kingdom of Sussex continued until its absorption

(known as Rotten Boroughs) were disenfranchised, including Bramber, East Grinstead, Seaford, Steyning and Winchelsea in Sussex. The Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (together known as the Third Reform Act) were responsible for redistributing 160 seats and extending suffrage. After the Reform Act of 1832 Sussex was divided into the ""eastern division"" and the ""western division"" and two representatives were elected for each division. In June 1832 the Honorable C.C. Cavendish and H.B. Curteis Esquire were elected in the eastern division and the Earl of Surrey and Lord John George Lennox were elected

"History of local government in Sussex"
In 1889, following the Local Government Act 1888, using those same boundaries, Sussex was divided into two administrative counties, East Sussex and West Sussex together with two self-governing county boroughs, Brighton and Hastings, later joined by Eastbourne. In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the county boundaries were revised with the mid-Sussex area of East Grinstead, Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and Hassocks being transferred from the administrative area of East Sussex into that of West Sussex, along with the Gatwick area that historically has been part of Surrey. The county boroughs were returned to the control of the two

Petworth, known as the ""Petworth House of Correction"". There were further ""Houses of Correction"" built at Lewes and Battle. It is believed that the last case of someone being executed by being pressed to death (peine forte et dure), in the country, was carried out in 1735 at Horsham. At the assizes a man who pretended to be dumb and lame, was indicted for murder and robbery. When he was brought to the bar, he would not speak or plead. Witnesses told the court, that they had heard him speak so he was taken back to Horsham gaol. As he

"Record sales"
Record sales Music recording sales, commonly called record sales, are activities related to selling albums, singles, or music videos through record shops or online music store. Record sales reached the peak in 1999, when 600 million people spent an average of $64 in buying records, bringing a total of $40 billion sales of recorded music. Sales continued declining in the 21st century. The collapse of record sales also made artists rely on touring for most of their income. According to ""Guinness World Records"", Michael Jackson's 1982 album ""Thriller"" remains the best-selling album in history, with an estimated 66 million copies

selling solo artist in U.S. history. Elvis Presley Enterprises has disputed the RIAA’s claim, pointing out several omissions in the RIAA’s figures. The RIAA bases its claim on album sales only, and does not include single sales in determining the highest selling solo artist, despite the fact that the RIAA also certifies single sales. While Elvis’ album sales are significant, his single sales were also significant as can be seen in the tables below. During much of Elvis’ career in the 1950s and 1960s, single sales were considered the primary market for the industry, while albums were a secondary market.

on March 24, 1956. During the 1950s and into the 1960s, 45 rpm seven-inch single sales were considered the primary market for the recording industry, while albums were a secondary market. The careers of notable rock and roll performers such as Elvis Presley were driven primarily by single sales. Album sales reached its peak in English-language popular music from the mid 1960s to the mid 2000s (known as ""album era"") in which the album was the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption. In 1986, Dire Straits' ""Brothers in Arms"" became the first album in history to sell over

"Warner Bros. Records"
Stan Cornyn, Lenny Waronker, Andy Wickham, Russ Titelman and ex-Warner Bros. recording artist (with Harpers Bizarre) Ted Templeman, sales grew steadily throughout the decade and by the end of the 1970s Warner Bros. and its sister labels had become one of the world's leading recording groups, with a star-studded roster that included Fleetwood Mac, James Taylor, Van Morrison, America, Alice Cooper, Carly Simon, Van Halen, the Doobie Brothers, Bonnie Raitt, Chaka Khan, Ambrosia, and Rickie Lee Jones. This was augmented by the group's valuable back-catalogue, and lucrative licensing deals with American and international labels including Sire, Vertigo and Island Records

they each enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active. The Beatles are the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 800 million records worldwide. They are the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and all four main members were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015. They have also had more number-one albums on the British charts and

sold worldwide. ""Candle in the Wind 1997"" is the best-selling physical single of all time with 33 million copies sold. Although precise worldwide sales figure is hard to obtain, it is widely acknowledged that the Beatles have sold more records than any other artist in the history of recorded music. Before the existence of recording medium and its player, the music industry earned profit through selling musical compositions on sheet music. The very first sales chart published by ""Billboard"" magazine in the United States was the ""Sheet Music Best Sellers"" chart. Following the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison

in 1877, the music industry began hiring singers to record songs made by composers. Due to the length limit of recording media, singles were the only available commercial releases. In 1900, the US record sales is estimated at about 3 million copies. The music industry continued its growth, and by 1921 the value of record sales in the US reached $106 million with 140 million records being sold. Album sales were first reported by ""Billboard"" magazine on March 24, 1945. However, the album definition at the time was barely boxes containing a set of several singles, such as ""Glenn Miller""

and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 million records in 1927 to fewer than 10 million by 1932 and major companies were forced to halve the price of records from 75c to 35c. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation (ARC) for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswick's pressing plants. Technically, Warner

"Elvis Presley albums discography"
146.5 million albums units only in the United States, making him the second best selling solo albums artist of all time in this country, and the biggest selling solo artist of all time. He is in the U.S second overall, behind Garth Brooks and The Beatles. According to Presley's record label, RCA, their estimation is the best selling artist of all time, with sales to over 1.5 billion records worldwide in all formats (600 million only in the United States). Notes FTD (Follow That Dream), Sony Music's Official Elvis Presley Collectors label, was established in 1999 to serve the dedicated

"Bullhead shark"
are morphologically rather distinctive. The mouth is located entirely anterior to the orbits. Labial cartilages are found in the most anterior part of the mouth. Nasoral grooves are present, connecting the external nares to the mouth. The nasal capsules are trumpet-shaped and well-separated from orbits. Circumnarial skin folds are present, but the rostral process of the neurocranium (braincase) is absent, although a precerebral fossa is present. Finally, the braincase bears a supraorbital crest. The eyes lack a nictitating membrane. A spiracle is present, but small. The dorsal ends of the fourth and fifth branchial arches are attached, but not fused

"Bull shark"
lake have later been caught in the open ocean (and """"), with some taking as few as seven to 11 days to complete the journey. The bull shark's diet consists mainly of bony fish and small sharks, including other bull sharks, and stingrays. Their diet can also include turtles, birds, dolphins, terrestrial mammals, crustaceans, echinoderms. They hunt in murky waters where it is harder for the prey to see the shark coming. Bull sharks have been known to use the bump-and-bite technique to attack their prey. After the first initial contact, they continue to bite and tackle prey until they

caudal fin is longer and lower than that of the larger sharks, and it has a small snout, and lacks an interdorsal ridge. Bull sharks have a bite force up to , weight for weight the highest among all investigated cartilaginous fishes. The bull shark is commonly found worldwide in coastal areas of warm oceans, in rivers and lakes, and occasionally salt and freshwater streams if they are deep enough. It is found to a depth of , but does not usually swim deeper than . In the Atlantic, it is found from Massachusetts to southern Brazil, and from Morocco

"Horn shark"
this species has been given erroneously as ""Heterodontus californicus"". Like other bullhead sharks, the horn shark has a short, wide head with a blunt snout and prominent supraorbital ridges over the eyes. The horn shark's supraorbital ridges are low and terminate abruptly; the space between them on top of the head is deeply concave. Each eye lacks a nictating membrane and is followed by a tiny spiracle. The nostrils are split into inflow and outflow openings by a long flap that reaches the mouth. The inflow openings are encircled by a groove, while another groove connects the outflow openings to

diverse habitats result in many other local names, including Ganges River shark, Fitzroy Creek whaler, van Rooyen's shark, Lake Nicaragua shark, river shark, freshwater whaler, estuary whaler, Swan River whaler, cub shark, and shovelnose shark. Some of the bull shark's closest living relatives do not have the capabilities of osmoregulation. Its genus, ""Carcharhinus"", also includes the sandbar shark, which is not capable of osmoregulation. The bull shark shares numerous similarities with river sharks of the genus ""Glyphis"", and other species in the genus ""Carcharhinus"", but its phylogeny has not been cleared yet. Bull sharks are large and stout, with females

Graboid
a powerful, beak-like armored upper jaw and a much narrower lower jaw surrounded by two mandibles. Both the jaws and the mandibles have sharp hooks and serrations to hold on to prey. The beak is very powerful; Shriekers are capable of ripping through sheet metal with ease. While Graboids have three prehensile tentacles for tongues, complete with jaws, Shriekers have more normal tongues: singular ones lacking jaws. Like a Graboid's, the tongue is relatively stiff (for a tongue.) It can be stretched out approximately 3 feet (90 cm) and has some short bristles on it, not unlike the tongue of

being able to tolerate the high salinity of marine water. Since bull sharks often dwell in very shallow waters, are found in many types of habitats, are territorial by nature, and have virtually no tolerance for provocation, they may be more dangerous to humans than any other species of shark, and along with the tiger shark and great white shark, are among the three shark species most likely to bite humans. One or several bull sharks may have been responsible for the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, which were the inspiration for Peter Benchley's novel ""Jaws"". The speculation of

Graboid
used to push aside the dirt while digging. The beak opens like a grotesque flower; it consists of a wide upper jaw, a thinner lower jaw, and a pair of hooked mandibles, one on each side. In """", they are reported to have a semi-rigid internal structure, such as that the cuttlebone of cuttlefish. Graboids have three long powerful snake-like tentacles, which are prehensile and can have at least a good reach; possibly up to or greater. Each of these tentacles (which have been loosely compared to functioning like the creature's tongue) terminates in a toothed mouth of its own.

being larger than males. The bull shark can be up to in length at birth. Adult female bull sharks average long and typically weigh , whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages and . While a maximum size of is commonly reported, a single record exists of a female specimen of exactly . The maximum recorded weight of a bull shark was , but may be larger. Bull sharks are wider and heavier than other requiem sharks of comparable length, and are grey on top and white below. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first. The bull shark's

into a ""pickaxe"" as in lamniform sharks. Heterodontiforms have two dorsal fins, with fin spines, as well as an anal fin. The dorsal and anal fins also contain basal cartilages, not just fin rays. Bullhead Sharks have distinctive small spikes on the front of their dorsal fins. These are rumoured to be poisonous, but no further scientific tests have been done to prove this rumor true or false. Nine living species of bullhead shark are described, with another potential undescribed species in Baja California: Bullhead shark The bullhead sharks are a small order (Heterodontiformes) of basal modern sharks (Neoselachii). The

bosnia and herzegovina croatia macedonia and slovenia all used to be parts of

"Breakup of Yugoslavia"
Breakup of Yugoslavia The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethnic Yugoslav wars. The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighboring parts of Croatia. After the Allied victory in World War II, Yugoslavia was set up as a federation of six republics, with borders drawn along ethnic and historical lines: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. In

on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, stretching southward from the Bay of Trieste in Central Europe to the mouth of Bojana as well as Lake Prespa inland, and eastward as far as the Iron Gates on the Danube and Midžor in the Balkan Mountains, thus including a large part of Southeast Europe, a region with a history of ethnic conflict. The important elements that fostered the discord involved contemporary and historical factors, including the formation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the first breakup and subsequent inter-ethnic and political wars and genocide during World War II, ideas of Greater

"History of Slovenia"
nearly 1,000 years, and between the mid 14th century and 1918 most of Slovenia was under Habsburg rule. In 1918, Slovenes formed Yugoslavia along with Serbs and Croats, while a minority came under Italy. The state of Slovenia was created in 1945 as part of federal Yugoslavia. Slovenia gained its independence from Yugoslavia in June 1991, and is today a member of the European Union and NATO. The earliest signs of human settlement in present-day Slovenia were found in Hell Cave in the Loza Woods near Orehek in Inner Carniola, where two stone tools approximately 250,000 years old were recovered.

"History of Bosnia and Herzegovina"
regions into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which purposely avoided all historical and ethnic lines, and removed any trace of Bosnian identity. The kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, and Bosnia was ceded to the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), which led to widespread persecution and genocide. Three years of war began in 1992 which caused around 100,000 deaths and 2 million refugees. Bosnia has been inhabited since Neolithic times. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and

Yugoslavia
After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics' borders, at first into five countries, leading to the Yugoslav Wars. From 1993 to 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia tried political and military leaders from the former Yugoslavia for war crimes, genocide and other crimes. After the breakup, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro formed a reduced federation, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), which aspired to the status of sole legal successor to the SFRY, but those claims were opposed by the other former republics.

"United Slovenia"
Following the Vienna Rebellion that forced Ferdinand I to abolish feudalism and adopt a constitution, many nations of the Austrian Empire saw a chance for strengthening their ideas. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, for the first time in centuries, all Slovenes were under the rule of one emperor. They were, however, divided between different political subdivisions, namely the provinces of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, Gorizia and Gradisca, Istria, Trieste, Lombardy and Venetia (the Venetian Slovenia) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Prekmurje). In such a fragmentation, a self-government on national basis was impossible. The programme of United Slovenia was first

"Bosnia and Herzegovina"
Agreement and the new constitution that accompanied it the official name was changed to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic age. The earliest Neolithic population became known in the Antiquity as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th century BC were also notable. Concrete historical evidence for this period is scarce, but overall it appears the region was populated by a number of different people speaking distinct languages. Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BC, but Rome did not complete its annexation of the region until AD 9. It was precisely

Slovenia
part of many different states, including the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Republic of Venice, the French-administered Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon I, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. In October 1918 the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. In December 1918 they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). During World War II (1939–1945) Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia (1941–1945), with a tiny area transferred

Pannonia became parts of the Western Roman Empire. Some claim the region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455 AD. It subsequently changed hands between the Alans and the Huns. By the 6th century, Emperor Justinian had reconquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. Slavs overwhelmed the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. Illyrian cultural traits were adopted by the South Slavs, as evidenced in certain customs and traditions, placenames, etc. Timothy Gregory explains: The bronze culture of the Illyrians, an ethnic group with a distinct culture and art form, started to organize itself in today's Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia

Serbia, Greater Croatia, Greater Albania, and conflicting views about Pan-Slavism, and the unilateral recognition by a newly reunited Germany of the breakaway republics. Before World War II, major tensions arose from the first, monarchist Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic make-up and relative political and demographic domination of the Serbs. Fundamental to the tensions were the different concepts of the new state. The Croats and Slovenes envisaged a federal model where they would enjoy greater autonomy than they had as a separate crown land under Austria-Hungary. Under Austria-Hungary, both Slovenes and Croats enjoyed autonomy with free hands only in education, law, religion, and 45%

how many quarterbacks have a receiving touchdown in the superbowl

opponent team’s defense is based on the opponent's’ defensive FPI, among other factors. Conceptualizing the detail Total QBR puts in can be explained through the 2015 NFC Wild Card game between the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. Aaron Rodgers of the Packers completed 21 of 36 passes for 210 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 0 interceptions, which computes to a 93.5 passer rating. Kirk Cousins of the Redskins completed 29 of 46 passes for 329 yards with 1 touchdown and 0 interceptions, computing a 91.7 passer rating. Observing these statistics, one is likely to conclude that Cousins had a

more than 30 records either broken, set, or tied by the time it was done. Brady completed 43 of 62 passes for 466 yards and two touchdowns, with one interception, while also rushing for 15 yards. His completions, attempts, and passing yards were all single-game Super Bowl records. He also set the career Super Bowl records for games played (7), completions (207), attempts (309), yards (2,071), and touchdown passes (15). James White caught a Super Bowl record 14 passes for 110 yards, rushed for 29 yards, and tied a Super Bowl record with three touchdowns. He also set the record

gave them the NFC's top seed in the 2017–18 NFL playoffs. It was a substantial improvement for the team under second-year head coach Doug Pederson; the Eagles finished the two previous seasons with 7–9 records. In the 2017 season, the team scored 457 points (third in the NFL), while giving up just 295 (fourth) points. The offense was led by Pro Bowl quarterback Carson Wentz. In just his second season, he recorded a passer rating of 101.9, throwing for 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns, with only seven interceptions. His top target was Pro Bowl tight end Zach Ertz, who caught

suspension ended, Brady took back command of the offense and went on to earn his 12th Pro Bowl selection, passing for 3,554 yards and 28 touchdowns, with only two interceptions, while his 112.2 passer rating ranked second in the NFL. The team's leading receiver was Julian Edelman, who caught 98 passes for 1,106 yards and added 135 more returning punts. Wide receivers Chris Hogan (38 receptions for 680 yards) and Malcolm Mitchell (32 receptions for 401 yards) were also significant receiving threats. Gronkowski caught 25 passes for 540 yards before suffering a season-ending back injury in week 13. Tight end

"Super Bowl XXXIV"
team-leading 87 receptions for 1,048 yards. In all, Faulk gained a record 2,429 total yards and became just the second running back in NFL history to gain over 1,000 yards rushing and receiving in the same season (Roger Craig was the first to do it, in 1985). Faulk held the NFL record for yards from scrimmage in a single season until Tennessee's Chris Johnson broke it in 2009. Faulk wasn’t the only weapon at Warner's disposal in 1999. Veteran receiver Isaac Bruce was the top Rams receiver with 77 receptions for 1,165 yards and 12 touchdowns. while breakout rookie wide

"Dan Fouts"
finished his 15 NFL seasons with 3,297 of 5,604 completions for 43,040 yards and 254 touchdowns, with 242 interceptions. He also rushed for 476 yards and 13 touchdowns Fouts is one of only ten quarterbacks in NFL history who have achieved two consecutive 30-touchdown passing seasons. The others are Steve Bartkowski, Aaron Rodgers, Brett Favre, Dan Marino, Jeff Garcia, Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Drew Brees, and Y. A. Tittle. He was also the third quarterback in NFL history to pass for 40,000 yards, after fellow Hall of Famers Johnny Unitas and Fran Tarkenton, and the first quarterback ever to throw

18 interceptions. Kelly was joining an elite class by starting his fourth Super Bowl. The only other quarterbacks to start four were Roger Staubach, Terry Bradshaw and Joe Montana, with John Elway, Tom Brady and Peyton Manning later doing so. Kelly is the only one to start four consecutive Super Bowl games. Running back Thurman Thomas led the AFC with 1,315 rushing yards and six touchdowns, while also catching 48 passes for 387 yards. Running back Kenneth Davis rushed for 391 yards and six touchdowns, while also recording 21 receptions for 95 yards. Pro Bowl wide receiver Andre Reed caught

defense was anchored by such Pro Bowlers as lineman Russell Maryland, and Ken Norton Jr., and defensive backs Thomas Everett and Kevin Smith, who intercepted six passes during the season. Defensive end Tony Tolbert led the team with 7.5 sacks, while Charles Haley added 4. The Bills finished at the top of the AFC by clinching the conference's best regular season record, winning 7 of their first 8 games and finished the season at 12–4. Quarterback Jim Kelly once again led Buffalo's no-huddle offense by passing for 288 out of 470 regular season completions for 3,382 yards, 18 touchdowns, with

The drive was controlled by the arm of Eagles quarterback Nick Foles, who completed 6 of 9 passes to five different receivers for 61 yards, with a few short runs by LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi mixed in. Foles also made two critical completions on third down plays, hitting Alshon Jeffery for a 17-yard gain on third-and-4, and later found Torrey Smith for a 15-yard completion on third-and-12. The Patriots responded with a drive of their own, almost with exactly the same results; quarterback Tom Brady completed 6 of 8 passes for 60 yards to four different receivers, the longest

"Boston Tea Party"
North ministry's solution was the Tea Act, which received the assent of King George on May 10, 1773. This act restored the East India Company's full refund on the duty for importing tea into Britain, and also permitted the company, for the first time, to export tea to the colonies on its own account. This would allow the company to reduce costs by eliminating the middlemen who bought the tea at wholesale auctions in London. Instead of selling to middlemen, the company now appointed colonial merchants to receive the tea on consignment; the consignees would in turn sell the tea

"Boston Port Act"
Boston Port Act The Boston Port Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774. It was one of five measures (variously called the ""Intolerable Acts"", the ""Punitive Acts"" or the ""Coercive Acts"") that were enacted during the spring of 1774 to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party. The Act was a response to the Boston Tea Party. King George III's speech of 7 March 1774 charged the colonists with attempting to injure British commerce and subvert the Constitution, and on the 18th Lord

Parliament responded in 1774 with the Intolerable Acts, or Coercive Acts, which, among other provisions, ended local self-government in Massachusetts and closed Boston's commerce. Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Intolerable Acts with additional acts of protest, and by convening the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them. The crisis escalated, and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775. The Boston Tea Party arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1765: the financial problems of the British East

Acts. These were intended to punish Boston for the destruction of private property, restore British authority in Massachusetts, and otherwise reform colonial government in America. Although the first two, the Boston Port Act and the Massachusetts Government Act, applied only to Massachusetts, colonists outside that colony feared that their governments could now also be changed by legislative fiat in England. The Intolerable Acts were viewed as a violation of constitutional rights, natural rights, and colonial charters, and united many colonists throughout America, exemplified by the calling of the First Continental Congress in September 1774. A number of colonists were inspired

however, especially by Richard Clarke and the sons of Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson, until pressure from Massachusetts Whigs compelled them to abide by the non-importation agreement. Parliament finally responded to the protests by repealing the Townshend taxes in 1770, except for the tea duty, which Prime Minister Lord North kept to assert ""the right of taxing the Americans"". This partial repeal of the taxes was enough to bring an end to the non-importation movement by October 1770. From 1771 to 1773, British tea was once again imported into the colonies in significant amounts, with merchants paying the Townshend duty of

laws known as the ""Intolerable Acts."" Benjamin Franklin stated that the destroyed tea must be paid for, all ninety thousand pounds (which, at two shillings per pound, came to £9,000, or £ [2014, approx. $1.7 million US]). Robert Murray, a New York merchant, went to Lord North with three other merchants and offered to pay for the losses, but the offer was turned down. The incident resulted in a similar effect in America when news of the Boston Tea Party reached London in January and Parliament responded with a series of acts known collectively in the colonies as the Intolerable

"Tea Act"
and the appointment of General Thomas Gage as royal governor of Massachusetts. These actions further raised tensions that led to the eruption of the American War of Independence in April 1775. Parliament passed the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778, which repealed a number of taxes (including the tea tax that underlaid this act) as one of a number of conciliatory proposals presented to the Second Continental Congress by the Carlisle Peace Commission. The commission's proposals were rejected. The Act effectively became a ""dead letter"", but was not formally removed from the books until passage of the Statute Law Revision Act

"Townshend Acts"
partial repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act. Although some in Parliament advocated a complete repeal of the act, North disagreed, arguing that the tea duty should be retained to assert ""the right of taxing the Americans"". After debate, the Repeal Act received the Royal Assent on 12 April 1770. Historian Robert Chaffin argued that little had actually changed: It would be inaccurate to claim that a major part of the Townshend Acts had been repealed. The revenue-producing tea levy, the American Board of Customs and, most important, the principle of making governors and magistrates independent all remained. In fact, the

"Intolerable Acts"
which meant that all of the colonies would become involved when the American Revolutionary War began at Lexington and Concord. Notes Bibliography Further reading Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts, triggering outrage

three pence per pound. Boston was the largest colonial importer of legal tea; smugglers still dominated the market in New York and Philadelphia. The Indemnity Act of 1767, which gave the East India Company a refund of the duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies, expired in 1772. Parliament passed a new act in 1772 that reduced this refund, effectively leaving a 10% duty on tea imported into Britain. The act also restored the tea taxes within Britain that had been repealed in 1767, and left in place the three pence Townshend duty in the colonies. With this

"Johnny Bravo"
on his senior thesis project he produced while attending Loyola Marymount University. A pilot short aired on Cartoon Network in 1995, and was followed by two more shorts; the popularity of the shorts led to the network commissioning a half-hour series, which premiered on July 14, 1997. The series was renewed for a second season in 1999, during which Partible left and the show was retooled under the direction of Kirk Tingblad. In 2003, Partible returned to the series for a fourth season, restoring it to its original format and style. It ended on August 27, 2004, with a total

of four seasons and 67 episodes. The first three seasons were produced by Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, while the fourth season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios. ""Johnny Bravo"" was nominated for 4 Annie Awards, 1 YoungStar Award, and 2 Golden Reel Awards. The series is notable for helping launch the careers of several animators, including Seth MacFarlane and Butch Hartman. Spin-off media include comic books, DVD and VHS releases, collectible toys, and video games. The series centers on Johnny Bravo (voiced by Jeff Bennett, except for UK-exclusive voice work, which was provided by Marc Silk), a muscular, narcissistic, and dimwitted self-proclaimed

also served as a creative consultant and mentor for the first season. Partible stated in a 1997 interview the goal of the series was to have ""animation reminiscent of the old Hanna-Barbera cartoons"". ""Johnny Bravo"" premiered on July 14, 1997, and the first season completed production in December of that year. After the first season, ""Johnny Bravo"" was put on hiatus, until it was picked up for an unexpected second season in 1999. Van Partible left production and Kirk Tingblad took over as director, leading to a major retooling in the show's visual style, tone, humor, and characters. The show

by Kyle Busch in the 2005 Sharpie 500 NASCAR race. On the long lasting impact of the show, writer/director Butch Hartman states: The title character is considered ""iconic"", and his catchphrases are relatively common in popular culture. The show's creative team went on to create many successful television series throughout the 1990s and 2000s, including writer Seth MacFarlane, creator of the popular animated series ""Family Guy"". Shortly after the series' first season was completed, writer/director Butch Hartman left to work on Nickelodeon's ""Oh Yeah! Cartoons"", from which those shorts spun off his own success, ""The Fairly OddParents"". Steve Marmel, writer

2010. The release is first in an official release of several Cartoon Cartoons on DVD, under the ""Cartoon Network Hall of Fame"" name. The other three seasons have yet to be released, despite many requests from fans of the show and Cartoon Network. The PlayStation 2 version of the video game ""Cartoon Network Racing"" contains the episodes ""Doommates"" and ""Johnny's Telethon"" as unlockable extras. Johnny Bravo Johnny Bravo is an American animated television series created by Van Partible for Cartoon Network, and the second of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series centers on the title character, a muscular and boorish

an interview that they are ""...in conversations with Cartoon Network"" for DVD collections of various cartoons, among which is ""Johnny Bravo"" in 2006. ""Johnny Bravo: Season 1"", a two-disc set featuring the complete first season which contains all 13 episodes, was released by Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand (Region 4) on October 10, 2007. On November 4, 2009, the complete second season was released. MVD Company Limited also released Season 1-5 in 2009. A Region 1 release of the first season, with different cover art and new special features, was released by Warner Home Video on June 15,

"There's... Johnny!"
new outlet for the series. On September 27, 2017, it was announced that Hulu had acquired the streaming rights to the series. On October 13, 2017, it was announced that the series would now premiere on Hulu on November 16, 2017. The series has been met with a mixed response from critics upon its premiere. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an 80% approval rating, with an average rating of 7 out of 10 based on 5 reviews. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 60 out of 100 based

retained this format for the third season. The series sat in limbo once again until it was renewed for a fourth season in 2003, which aired in 2004. The final season of the series returned to the humor of the original shorts and first season of the series, although the Jungle Boy character from the first season never returned. In 2009, IGN ranked ""Johnny Bravo"" No. 71 for its Top 100 Animated Series list. After the series ended in 2004, the No. 5 Kellogg's Chevrolet was given a special paint scheme with Johnny Bravo on the hood. It was driven

"Johnny Test"
first five seasons and 130 episodes). The show was reportedly renewed for a seventh season, on June 11, 2013, which would have consisted of 13 episodes and a three-part special. However, on June 25, 2015, James Arnold Taylor, the voice of Johnny Test, stated that he was unaware of any plans for season seven. ""Johnny Test"" first premiered in the United States on September 17, 2005, on The WB's Saturday morning block, Kids' WB. One year later, it aired on Teletoon, debuting in Canada on September 8, 2006. During the second season, The WB and UPN merged into The CW,

Johnny Bravo Johnny Bravo is an American animated television series created by Van Partible for Cartoon Network, and the second of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series centers on the title character, a muscular and boorish young man who tries to get women to date him, though he is usually unsuccessful. He ends up in bizarre situations and predicaments, often accompanied by celebrity guest characters such as Donny Osmond or Adam West. Throughout its run, the show was known for its adult humor and pop culture references. Partible pitched the series to Hanna-Barbera's animation showcase ""What a Cartoon!"", basing it

Citrus
to the fruit as it develops. Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance, partly due to flavonoids and limonoids (which in turn are terpenes) contained in the rind, and most are juice-laden. The juice contains a high quantity of citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp flavour. The genus is commercially important as many species are cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh, pressed for juice, or preserved in marmalades and pickles. They are also good sources of vitamin C and flavonoids. The content of vitamin C in the fruit depends on the species, variety and mode of cultivation.

Berry
Berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits. The scientific usage of the term ""berry"" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an

Grapefruit
Grapefruit The grapefruit (""Citrus"" × ""paradisi"") is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (""C. sinensis"") and pomelo, or shaddock (""C. maxima""), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the ""forbidden fruit""; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to

Citron
Citron The citron (""Citrus medica"") is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes. The fruit's English name ""citron"" derives ultimately from Latin, ""citrus"", which is also

Fruit
mango, peach, pear, and watermelon) are commercially valuable as human food, eaten both fresh and as jams, marmalade and other preserves. Fruits are also used in manufactured foods (e.g., cakes, cookies, ice cream, muffins, or yogurt) or beverages, such as fruit juices (e.g., apple juice, grape juice, or orange juice) or alcoholic beverages (e.g., brandy, fruit beer, or wine). Fruits are also used for gift giving, e.g., in the form of Fruit Baskets and Fruit Bouquets. Many ""vegetables"" in culinary ""parlance"" are botanical fruits, including bell pepper, cucumber, eggplant, green bean, okra, pumpkin, squash, tomato, and zucchini. Olive fruit is

"Fruit tree"
Fruit tree A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by humans and some animals — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term 'fruit tree' is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include ""fruit"" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts. The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is called pomology, which divides fruits

Strawberry
Strawberry The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus ""Fragaria"", collectively known as the strawberries. It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates. Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others. The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany,

Pear
Pear The pear () tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees. The word ""pear"" is probably from Germanic ""pera"" as a loanword of Vulgar Latin ""pira"", the plural of ""pirum"", akin to Greek ""apios"" (from Mycenaean ""ápisos""), of Semitic origin (""pirâ""), meaning ""fruit"". The adjective ""pyriform"" or ""piriform"" means pear-shaped. The pear is native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of the Old World, from western Europe

"Cider apple"
polyphenols than the flesh. The primary polyphenol in apples is procyanidins, followed by hydroxycinnamic acids in the flesh and flavonols in peel. Much of the polyphenols in the fruit are not pressed into the juice, because they bind to polysaccharides in the fruit cell wall, becoming bound to the pomace, when the cell wall is ruptured during the pressing process. Procyanidins are especially prone to binding to the pomace with about 30% extracted into the juice. Cider apples can have five times the total phenolic content compared to dessert apples, but there is a limited supply of bittersweet and bittersharp

into groups based on plant morphology and anatomy. Some of those groups are: Pome fruits, which include apples and pears, and stone fruits, which include peaches/nectarines, almonds, apricots, plums and cherries. Fruit tree A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by humans and some animals — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term 'fruit tree' is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit),

"The Drew Carey Show"
foul mutual dislike for Drew. The two eventually become closer (although still maintaining a less heated rivalry), primarily because Mimi fell in love with and married Drew's cross-dressing heterosexual brother Steve (John Carroll Lynch), a frequently recurring character. In the first season they work for the unseen Mr. Bell (Kevin Pollak), only seen in the season one finale, to which he is greeted with applause; in later seasons, their boss and sometimes-co-worker is Nigel Wick (Craig Ferguson), an eccentric, sadistic and unlucky Englishman. In the final two seasons, they work for peaceful, hippie-like Evan (Kyle Howard) and the much more

"Brendan Fehr"
In 2014, Fehr began playing the role of Dr. Drew Alister, an Army vet and surgeon at a San Antonio hospital, in the NBC drama ""The Night Shift"". The show aired for four seasons, ending in 2017. Fehr was in a relationship with, and was engaged briefly to, his ""Roswell"" costar and onscreen love interest Majandra Delfino between 2001 and 2003. He currently lives in Los Angeles, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico with his wife, Jennifer Rowley, whom he married in July 2006. The couple have three daughters: James Olivia (b. March 26, 2008), Ellison Jane (b. January 23, 2011)

and Ondine Carda Kitty (b. January 18, 2013). Saturn Award Gemini Award Genie Award Teen Choice Awards Brendan Fehr Brendan Jacob Joel Fehr (born October 29, 1977) is a Canadian film and television actor, perhaps best known for portraying Michael Guerin in the WB television series ""Roswell"", and for portraying lab tech in """". In 2008, Fehr won a Gemini Award for ""Hottest Canadian Male TV Star"". Fehr also played Dr. Drew Alister on the NBC drama ""The Night Shift"". His next film is the survival / adventure drama, Brotherhood. Fehr was born October 29, 1977, in New Westminster, British

"Date Night"
with Detective Arroyo (Taraji P. Henson), but discover Collins and Armstrong are also detectives, presumably on Miletto's payroll. Realizing they cannot trust the police, they decide to find the real Tripplehorns. They return to the restaurant and find the cellphone number of the Tripplehorns. Claire remembers a former client, Holbrooke Grant (Mark Wahlberg), a security expert and James Bond-like action hero. He is consistently seen never wearing a shirt. At his apartment, Grant traces the cellphone signal to an apartment owned by Thomas Felton. Collins and Armstrong arrive, but Phil and Claire escape in Grant's Audi R8. They arrive at

"Drew Fuller"
and quickly became a top model for such companies as Prada, Club Med, and Tommy Hilfiger. He has appeared in many commercials including J.Crew, Subway, Toyota and Pepsi opposite Britney Spears. He took part in the music video for The Calling's ""Wherever You Will Go"", playing the new boyfriend of the betrayed teenage girl whose relationship is the subject of the video. He also featured in Jennifer Love Hewitt's 2002 music video ""BareNaked"". Fuller became known for playing Chris Halliwell on ""Charmed"", a starring and guest star role from seasons 5-8 of the show. In the series, his character is

Brendan Fehr Brendan Jacob Joel Fehr (born October 29, 1977) is a Canadian film and television actor, perhaps best known for portraying Michael Guerin in the WB television series ""Roswell"", and for portraying lab tech in """". In 2008, Fehr won a Gemini Award for ""Hottest Canadian Male TV Star"". Fehr also played Dr. Drew Alister on the NBC drama ""The Night Shift"". His next film is the survival / adventure drama, Brotherhood. Fehr was born October 29, 1977, in New Westminster, British Columbia, to a mother who worked as a correctional case manager and a father who was a

"The Night Shift (season 3)"
girlfriend, Dr. Jordan Alexander (Jill Flint) and the hospital administrator, Dr. Topher Zia (Ken Leung), also an ex-army medic. Meanwhile, Dr. Alexander hires a new intern, Dr. Shannon Rivera (Tanaya Beatty), while Dr. Drew Alister (Brendan Fehr) has returned stateside after an incident overseas. Other doctors that are on the shift include surgeons Dr. Paul Cummings (Robert Bailey Jr.), who struggles to come out of his father's shadow while developing possible romantic feelings for Dr. Rivera, and Dr. Scott Clemmens, a recovering alcoholic and head of the surgery department. Gabe Sachs revealed on Twitter that the first day of the

"The Night Shift (TV series)"
friend of the latter, and Jordan suffers a stroke from pregnancy complications. In the season 2 finale, Ragosa passes his boards to become a doctor, TC and Jordan break up when she miscarries, Drew and his boyfriend make up, and get married, and Ragosa moves to Dallas to follow his ex-wife and kids. After some time away, Jordan hires Dr. Shannon Rivera as a replacement for Ragosa. She and Paul quickly strike up a rivalry turned romance. After an incident overseas, Drew and his husband adopt an foster daughter despite numerous setbacks. After a bomb that goes off outside the

"Drew Scott"
In September 2017 Scott was announced as a contestant on season 25 of ""Dancing with the Stars""; his partner was season 24 pro champion Emma Slater. Jonathan surprised the audience by joining Drew's jive performance, mid-routine, on the . He was eliminated on November 20, 2017 during the first night of the finals, coming in fourth for the season. They are known for their goofy senses of humor, and for how much they poke fun at each other, often during public appearances. Unlike Jonathan, who dresses casually for his work as a contractor, real estate agent Drew is known for

"Julian Bailey (actor)"
Julian Bailey (actor) Julian Bailey (born May 25, 1977 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor who has been seen on several television series, including ""Better Off Ted"", ""NCIS"", ""Just Shoot Me!"", ""Judging Amy"" and ""Charmed"" to name a few. He first appeared to American television audiences in 2002 in the recurring role of Scott Wilson, assistant to Lea Thompson, in the Lifetime network drama, ""For The People"". Julian became well known to 'Daytime' audiences in the comedic recurring role of Vincent, the flirtatious bartender from the 'Indigo Club' on ""The Young and the Restless"". He recently starred opposite Rebecca

"Kubo and the Two Strings"
team at one point purchased an industrial robot off of eBay but found that it would not work with their setup. Dario Marianelli composed and conducted the score for the film. The film screened at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 13, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on August 19, 2016. ""Kubo and the Two Strings"" grossed $48 million in North America and $29.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $77.5 million, against a budget of $60 million. In the United States, the film was released on August 19, 2016, alongside ""Ben-Hur""

Kubo and the Two Strings Kubo and the Two Strings is a 2016 American stop-motion action fantasy film directed and produced by Travis Knight (in his directorial debut). It stars the voices of Charlize Theron, Art Parkinson, Ralph Fiennes, Rooney Mara, George Takei, and Matthew McConaughey. It is the fourth feature film produced by Laika. The film revolves around Kubo, a young boy who wields a magical shamisen (a Japanese guitar) and whose left eye was stolen during infancy. Accompanied by an anthropomorphic snow monkey and beetle, he must subdue his mother's corrupted Sisters and his power-hungry grandfather Raiden (The

Moon King), who is responsible for stealing his left eye. ""Kubo"" premiered at Melbourne International Film Festival and was released by Focus Features in the United States on August 19 to critical acclaim and grossed $77 million worldwide against a budget of $60 million. The film won the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film and was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Visual Effects, becoming the second animated film ever to be nominated in the latter category following 1993's ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"", and the first film to be nominated for both. In feudal

gorgeous animated tale."" While the film received critical acclaim for its craft and story, it was criticized for its perceived whitewashing as a movie set in ancient Japan but featuring a centrally white cast. George Takei and Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa were the only actors of Asian descent playing the role of minor characters. At the 89th Academy Awards, ""Kubo and the Two Strings"" was nominated for two awards, Best Animated Feature and Best Visual Effects. ""Kubo and the Two Strings"" was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital media on November 22, 2016. Kubo and the Two Strings Kubo and the Two

"The Yellow Monkey"
7-inch record coupled with a live recording of the same song released on January 8, 2018. A song called ""Stars"" was released digitally on October 27, 2017. ""Horizon"", the theme song of the film ""Ototoki"", was released digitally on November 29 as the final part of three consecutive monthly releases. On December 9 and 10, The Yellow Monkey performed at the Tokyo Dome for the first time in 17 years. They were nominated for Best Group Artist at the 2018 Space Shower Music Video Awards. In October 2018, it was announced that the band had signed with Atlantic/Warner Music Japan.

"Chubby Groove"
Chubby Groove Chubby Groove is a collaborative studio album by Japanese singer Koshi Inaba, of B'z fame, and Native American musician Stevie Salas. It was released by Vermillion Records on January 18, 2017. The album debuted at #2 at the Japanese Oricon weekly album charts, while #2 at Top Albums Sales and #4 Hot Albums chart list by ""Billboard Japan"". It also reached #44 at the ""Billboard Japan"" Top Albums Sales Year End 2017, and #47 at Oricon's year end chart, being certified Gold by RIAJ. The song ""Overdrive"" was used in Japan in a commercial for the new Porsche

Slowheart
the release of four additional songs to digital outlets and streaming services: ""The Bull"" (August 11, 2017), ""Blonde"" (August 18, 2017), ""Bittersweet Company"" (August 25, 2017). and ""Plead the Fifth"" (September 1, 2017). Four promotional singles were released from the album: ""The Bull"" on August 11, 2017, ""Blonde"" on August 18, 2017, ""Bittersweet Company"" on August 25, 2017. and ""Plead the Fifth"" on September 1, 2017. On August 31, 2017, ""Slowheart"" was made available to stream in its entirety through ""NPR""'s ""First Listen"" program. ""Slowheart"" debuted at number three on the ""Billboard"" Country Albums chart and number ten on the

"Spring Heeled Jack U.S.A."
Virginia as part of the Virginia Ska Fest. The following night, the band performed at Toad's Place in New Haven, Connecticut. The final show took place at the Sinclair in Cambridge, Massachusetts. All three shows featured the returning lineup of Ragona, Pellegrino, Jones, Evans and Bacon, alongside new members, Peet Golan (bass), Mike DeMatteo (saxophone) and Tom Quartulli (saxophone). On May 5, 2017, the band released their third studio album, ""Sound Salvation"" digitally. The revised lineup, featuring Ragona, Pellegrino, Evans, Bacon, Golan, Quartulli as well as the returning Vinny Nobile and new trumpet player, Nick Di Maria, performed at a

"A Moment Apart"
A Moment Apart A Moment Apart is the third studio album by the American electronic music duo ODESZA, released on 8 September 2017 through Counter, Ninja Tune and the duo's own label, Foreign Family Collective. It is the duo's first album in three years after their sophomore effort, ""In Return,"" and the first released through Foreign Family Collective. The album was teased on March 2016 through social media. Afterwards, the singles ""Line of Sight"" and ""Late Night"" were released on April 2017 as the lead singles. Following the album's announcement in June, ""Meridian"" and ""Corners of the Earth"" were released

Panamera and ""Trophy"" was the image song for the 2017 Wowow Tennis Season. ""Aishi-Aisare"" peaked at #62 in the Japan Hot 100 Singles chart, spending one week there. Chubby Groove Chubby Groove is a collaborative studio album by Japanese singer Koshi Inaba, of B'z fame, and Native American musician Stevie Salas. It was released by Vermillion Records on January 18, 2017. The album debuted at #2 at the Japanese Oricon weekly album charts, while #2 at Top Albums Sales and #4 Hot Albums chart list by ""Billboard Japan"". It also reached #44 at the ""Billboard Japan"" Top Albums Sales Year

"Pat Walshe"
of his work, but was still well remembered for his appearance in the classic ""The Wizard of Oz"". On December 11, 1991, in Los Angeles, Walshe died of a heart attack at the age of 91. At this time he was the last surviving credited cast member of ""The Wizard of Oz"". His resting place is Westwood Memorial Park. Pat Walshe Patrick Walshe (July 26, 1900 – December 11, 1991) was an American dwarf character actor and circus performer who specialized portraying animals (animal impersonating). He is best known for playing Nikko, the head of the Winged Monkeys in ""The

Pat Walshe Patrick Walshe (July 26, 1900 – December 11, 1991) was an American dwarf character actor and circus performer who specialized portraying animals (animal impersonating). He is best known for playing Nikko, the head of the Winged Monkeys in ""The Wizard of Oz"". He appeared in only a few films, as most of his work was in theater, vaudeville and circus. Walshe was born as Patrick Walshe, on July 26, 1900, in New York City. Living his early years in Brooklyn, Walshe suffered from a form of restricted growth, and as a result never grew to be taller than

"Nathaniel Buzolic"
Nathaniel Buzolic Nathaniel Buzolic (born 4 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He was the host of Nine Network's late-night television quiz show ""The Mint"", and had a regular role on the BBC soap opera ""Out of the Blue"" (2008). He was also a co-host of the educational show ""Weather Ed"" on The Weather Channel. He is also known for his role as Kol Mikaelson on the CW show ""The Vampire Diaries"" and its spin-off ""The Originals"". Buzolic hosted the Disney Channel's afternoon kids show ""Studio Disney"" (2005). He has also appeared in ""All Saints"" (2003), ""Home and Away"" (2002)

"Willy Wonka"
most manic hour."" Wilder received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his role as Willy Wonka, but lost to Chaim Topol as Tevye in ""Fiddler on the Roof"". Critical response to Johnny Depp's performance as Willy Wonka was more mixed. Critic Andrew Sarris, of the ""New York Observer"", who did not enjoy the film's style in general, wrote ""I wonder if even children will respond to the peculiarly humorless and charmless stylistic eccentricities of Mr. Burton and his star, Johnny Depp."" However, Owen Gleiberman of ""Entertainment Weekly"" wrote that ""Johnny

"Klondike (film)"
they end up in Alaska. There the doctor is faced with a new dilemma. Mark Armstrong (Henry B. Walthall), begs the doctor to attempt the operation on his son Jim (Jason Robards Sr.) who is crippled by a similar brain tumor. When the doctor refuses, Mark accuses him of wanting his son to die, because he’s in love with Jim's fiancée, Klondike (Thelma Todd). ""Doc"" acquiesces, at Klondike's insistence. Although having none of the facilities of a hospital, he believes that the operation is less likely to succeed, the longer it is delayed. The operation seems to be a partial

"Edmund Gwenn"
Gwenn has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1751 Vine Street for his contribution to motion pictures. Edmund Gwenn Edmund Gwenn (born Edmund John Kellaway, 26 September 1877 – 6 September 1959) was an English actor. On film, he is perhaps best remembered for his role as Kris Kringle in the Christmas film ""Miracle on 34th Street"" (1947), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe Award. He received a second Golden Globe and another Academy Award nomination for the comedy film ""Mister 880"" (1950). He is also remembered

"Klondike (TV series)"
which a person of apparent moral bearing robs a stagecoach, and ""Swing Your Partner"", in which a group comes to town and dances the night away. In the series finale, ""The Hostages"", featuring Chris Alcaide, some townspeople are held hostage for their gold. The others work to free them, and to salvage the treasure for which they had all labored so diligently. Lawrence Dobkin, Emory Parnell, and Olan Soule appeared in ""The Man Who Owned Skagway."" Ron Hayes appeared as Harold Enright, along with Lane Bradford and Phil Chambers, in the episode ""Sitka Madonna"". Judson Pratt guest starred as Dan

"Kronos (film)"
an alien machine absorbing energy is similar to the giant alien machine from the later (1966) """" television episode """" which destroys planets and uses them to fuel itself. George O'Hanlon, who plays Dr. Arnold Culver in the film, had just finished his popular series of Joe McDoakes comedy shorts and would be later known as the voice of George Jetson in the popular cartoon series ""The Jetsons"". When the film was first released in 1957, ""Variety"" gave the film a favorable review: """"Kronos"" is a well-made, moderate budget science-fictioner which boasts quality special effects that would do credit to

"Eric Roberts"
Eric Roberts Eric Anthony Roberts (born April 18, 1956) is an American actor. His career began with a leading role in ""King of the Gypsies"" (1978), for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination. He was again recognized by the Golden Globes for his interpretation of Paul Snider in Bob Fosse's ""Star 80"" (1983). Roberts' performance in ""Runaway Train"" (1985), as prison escapee Buck McGeehy, earned him a nomination for a third Golden Globe and a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In a career spanning over forty years, Roberts has amassed more than 500

"Francis Sayles"
Francis Sayles Francis Sayles (November 22, 1891 – March 19, 1944) was an American character actor at the beginning of the sound film era. In the short dozen years of his career he appeared in over 100 films, most of them features. While he was normally cast in small uncredited parts, he was occasionally cast in featured roles, as in the role of Dickman in the 1934 film, ""One in a Million"", starring Dorothy Wilson and Charles Starrett. Sayles was born on November 22, 1891 in Buffalo, New York. His film debut occurred in a small role of a detective

"United States military occupation code"
the MOS 2305 indicates that it is in occupational field 23 (ammunition and explosive ordnance disposal) and designates the ""explosive ordnance disposal officer"" (05) MOS. For officers, the MOS 0802 indicates that it is in occupational field 08 (field artillery) and designates the ""field artillery officer"" (02) MOS. On September 29, 2016, the Navy announced it will ""modernize"" all rating titles for Sailors with a new classification system that will move towards occupational specialty codes similar to how the other services operate. Former Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Michael Stevens led the controversial review earlier this year for

Officer Program. They typically become CWOs in specialties that are most related to their previous enlisted rating. Like Staff Corps officers, CWOs wear special insignia above the rank devices on their shoulder boards and sleeves to indicate their field of expertise. Enlisted members of the navy have pay grades from E-1 to E-9, with E-9 being the highest. All enlisted sailors with paygrades of E-4 and higher are considered ""Petty Officers"" while those at E-7 and higher are further named ""Chief Petty Officers"". Those who demonstrate superior performance are given an increase in paygrade; the official navy term is to

"Badges of the United States Navy"
(ACB). An Engineering Duty Officer (EDO) is a restricted line officer in the United States Navy, involved with the design, acquisition, construction, repair, maintenance, conversion, overhaul, and disposal of ships, submarines, aircraft carriers, and the systems installed aboard (weapons, command and control, communications, computers, etc.). As of August 1, 2016, there are approximately 835 engineering duty officers on active duty in the United States Navy, representing approximately 2 percent of its active-duty commissioned officers (and approximately 400 engineering duty officers in the Navy Reserve). The ""Special Operations Warfare"" (SPECOPS) insignia is earned by officers by virtue of training in the

"United States Marine Corps rank insignia"
levels each have two ranks per pay grade, each with different responsibilities. Gunnery Sergeants (E-7) indicate on their annual evaluations (called ""fitness reports"") their preferred promotional track: Master Sergeant or First Sergeant. The First Sergeant and Sergeant Major ranks are command-oriented Senior Enlisted Advisors, with Marines of these ranks serving as the senior enlisted Marines in a unit, charged to assist the commanding officer in matters of discipline, administration, and the morale and welfare of the unit. Master Sergeants and Master Gunnery Sergeants provide technical leadership as occupational specialists in their specific MOS. First Sergeants typically serve as the senior

"United States Marine Corps"
command. The E-8 and E-9 levels have two and three ranks per pay grade, respectively, each with different responsibilities. The First Sergeant and Sergeant Major ranks are command-oriented, serving as the senior enlisted Marines in a unit, charged to assist the commanding officer in matters of discipline, administration and the morale and welfare of the unit. Master Sergeants and Master Gunnery Sergeants provide technical leadership as occupational specialists in their specific MOS. The Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps also E-9, is a billet conferred on the senior enlisted Marine of the entire Marine Corps, personally selected by the Commandant.

generally do not exercise command outside of their specialty. Warrant officers come primarily from the Staff Non-Commissioned Officer (SNCO) ranks. A Chief Warrant Officer, CWO2–CWO5, serving in the MOS 0306 ""Infantry Weapons Officer"" carries a special title, ""Marine Gunner,"" which does not replace his rank. A Marine Gunner replaces the Chief Warrant Officer insignia on the left collar with a bursting bomb insignia. Other warrant officers are sometimes informally referred to as ""Gunner."" Enlisted Marines with paygrades of E-4 and E-5 are non-commissioned officers (NCOs) while those at E-6 and higher are Staff Noncommissioned Officers (SNCOs). The E-8 and E-9

designated 2100, medical corps officer (physician) may hold an AQD of 6CM, trauma surgeon, or 6AE, flight surgeon who is also a naval aviator. Some AQDs may be possessed by officers in any designator, such as BT2, freefall parachutist, or BS1, shipboard Tomahawk strike officer. Navy officer designators and AQD codes may be found in NAVPERS 15839I, ""The Manual of Navy Officer Manpower and Personnel Classification"".ip The United States Coast Guard does not use the military occupational specialty concept either, instead dividing their occupational specialties into groups such as aviation, administrative and scientific, deck and weapons, and engineering and hull.

"United States Army enlisted rank insignia"
1985. In 1958, as part of a rank restructuring, two pay grades and four ranks were added: E-8, which included first sergeant and specialist 8; and E-9, which included sergeant major and specialist 9. In 1959, the specialist insignia was made the same size and width as non-commissioned officer's stripes. In 1961, the wearing of large Goldenlite-Yellow-on-green stripes was adopted for use on all Army uniforms (green, khaki, and fatigue) except for the Army dress-blue uniform, which used large insignia with a blue background. In 1965, the ranks of specialist 8 and specialist 9 were discontinued, and private first class

regular commission has a designator of 1110; a reserve officer has an 1115 designator. A reserve surface warfare officer specializing in nuclear training (i.e., engineer on a carrier) has a designator of 1165N. Navy officers also have one or more three-character additional qualification designators (AQD) that reflect completion of requirements qualifying them in a specific warfare area or other specialization. In some senses this functions more like the MOS in other services. An officer with the naval aviator designator of 1310 might have an AQD of DV3, SH-60F carrier anti-submarine warfare helicopter pilot, or DB4, F-14 fighter pilot. An officer

In 2007, the Special Operations Officer Community was rechristened ""Explosive Ordnance Disposal"", a change which the Navy felt also needed to be reflected in the EOD Officer warfare device as well. The new officer insignia is identical to the Master EOD warfare device, but is gold in color. The ""Fleet Marine Force"" (FMF) insignia can be awarded to Navy personnel assigned to Fleet Marine Force command, a combined command of Navy and Marine Corps. The insignia is earned by both officers and enlisted. Navy Hospital Corpsmen (or simply ""Doc"") and Religious Programs Specialists (RP) are good examples of Navy personnel

"Vincenzo Peruggia"
Vincenzo Peruggia Vincenzo Peruggia (October 8, 1881 – October 8, 1925) was an Italian thief, most famous for stealing the ""Mona Lisa"" on 21 August 1911. Born in Dumenza, Varese, Italy, he died in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France. In 1911, Peruggia perpetrated what has been described as the greatest art theft of the 20th century. It was a police theory that the former Louvre worker hid inside the museum on Sunday, August 20, knowing the museum would be closed the following day. But, according to Peruggia's interrogation in Florence after his arrest, he entered the museum on Monday, August 21 around 7

"Eduardo de Valfierno"
Eduardo de Valfierno Eduardo de Valfierno (1850–1931), who posed as a ""marqués"" (marquis), was an Argentine con man who allegedly masterminded the theft of the ""Mona Lisa"" in 1911. In 1932 journalist Karl Decker published a story in the ""Saturday Evening Post"" claiming Valfierno paid several men to steal the work of art from the Louvre, including museum employee Vincenzo Peruggia. On August 21, 1911 Peruggia hid the ""Mona Lisa"" under his coat and simply walked out the door. Before the heist took place, Valfierno allegedly commissioned French art restorer and forger Yves Chaudron to make six copies of the

the Valfierno story. Eduardo de Valfierno Eduardo de Valfierno (1850–1931), who posed as a ""marqués"" (marquis), was an Argentine con man who allegedly masterminded the theft of the ""Mona Lisa"" in 1911. In 1932 journalist Karl Decker published a story in the ""Saturday Evening Post"" claiming Valfierno paid several men to steal the work of art from the Louvre, including museum employee Vincenzo Peruggia. On August 21, 1911 Peruggia hid the ""Mona Lisa"" under his coat and simply walked out the door. Before the heist took place, Valfierno allegedly commissioned French art restorer and forger Yves Chaudron to make six

two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to directors of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. It was exhibited in the Uffizi Gallery for over two weeks and returned to the Louvre on 4 January 1914. Peruggia served six months in prison for the crime and was hailed for his patriotism in Italy. Before its theft, the ""Mona Lisa"" was not widely known outside the art world. It was not until the 1860s that some critics, a thin slice of the French intelligentsia, began to hail it as a masterwork of Renaissance painting. In

Béroud checked back with the Section Chief of the Louvre who confirmed that the ""Mona Lisa"" was not with the photographers. The Louvre was closed for an entire week during the investigation. French poet Guillaume Apollinaire came under suspicion and was arrested and imprisoned. Apollinaire implicated his friend Pablo Picasso, who was brought in for questioning. Both were later exonerated. Two years later the thief revealed himself. Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia had stolen the ""Mona Lisa"" by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet, and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum

he stresses that the images never existed. Kemp is also adamant that Cotte’s images in no way establish the existence of a separate underlying portrait. On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. The theft was not discovered until the next day, when painter Louis Béroud walked into the museum and went to the Salon Carré where the ""Mona Lisa"" had been on display for five years, only to find four iron pegs on the wall. Béroud contacted the head of the guards, who thought the painting was being photographed for promotional purposes. A few hours later,

"Yves Chaudron"
Yves Chaudron Yves Chaudron was a supposed French master art forger who is alleged to have copied images of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" as part of Eduardo de Valfierno's famous 1911 ""Mona Lisa"" painting theft. In reality he may be a fictional character created by Karl Decker for an article that ran in a 1932 issue of the ""Saturday Evening Post"", and passed off as a real person. There is also very little evidence that Valfierno actually existed, or if he did, that he was involved in the theft of the Mona Lisa at all. Valfierno's account was relayed

clones of Leonardo's great portrait"" while Valfierno made arrangements to steal the real painting. In the early hours of 21 August 1911, Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia and two accomplices carried the ""Mona Lisa"" out of the museum covered in a painter's smock. Decker asserts that six Chaudron copies had already been sent to the United States ahead of the theft and while the stolen original remained in France, Valfierno followed his fakes and sold each for up to 300,000. The original remained hidden for two years until Peruggia, presenting himself as Leonardo Vincenzo, tried to sell it in Florence, Italy.

"Vincenzo Pipino"
Vincenzo Pipino Vincenzo Pipino (born 22 July 1943), also known as Encio, is an Italian thief from Venice whose exploits earned him the nickname ""the gentleman thief"". He is the first person to successfully steal from the Doge's Palace, and has been responsible for some of the most sensational art thefts in the city. During his lifetime, he has committed over 3,000 thefts at museums, galleries, banks, and private residences, 50 thefts of jewelry shops, and stole thousands of kilograms of gold throughout Europe. His activities have resulted in over 300 complaints to police, he has been arrested numerous times,

to Italy with it. He kept it in his apartment in Florence, Italy but grew impatient, and was finally caught when he contacted Alfredo Geri, the owner of an art gallery in Florence. Geri's story conflicts with Peruggia's, but it was clear that Peruggia expected a reward for returning the painting to what he regarded as its ""homeland"". Geri called in Giovanni Poggi, director of the Uffizi Gallery, who authenticated the painting. Poggi and Geri, after taking the painting for ""safekeeping"", informed the police, who arrested Peruggia at his hotel. After its recovery, the painting was exhibited all over Italy

"As Told by Ginger"
Ginger. But this version was replaced before initial North American broadcasts with another version performed by Cree Summer. This would be used for half of the first season before a third version, featuring vocals by R&B artist Macy Gray, which was used for the rest of the series' run. In international English speaking broadcasts, the Melissa Disney and Cree Summer versions were used for seasons one and two broadcasts, while the Macy Gray version was used for season three. Internationally, the Macy Gray version is the more recognizable version. The closing credits are generally designed backgrounds with the show's signature

"The Gingers"
The Gingers The Gingers were an Australian pop punk band which formed in early 2005 with Etta Curry on drums and vocals; Nellie Jackson on lead guitar, rhythm guitar and vocals; and Chelsea Wheatley on lead vocals, bass guitar and keyboards. They signed with Illicit Records, which issued a five-track extended play, ""Love You Long Time"", in May 2006. The Gingers formed in Melbourne after the members had attended Falls Festival 2003: Etta Curry on drums and vocals; Nellie Jackson on lead guitar and vocals; and Chelsea Wheatley on lead vocals, bass guitar and keyboards. The group played their first

"Whispering Grass"
Mum"". It was number one in the UK Singles Chart for three weeks from 7 June 1975. The record is a comic version of The Ink Spots' 1940 recording, and was sung in character. The notion of Whispering Grass extends back to Greek mythology, notably the myth of Midas. The song was also recorded by: Whispering Grass ""Whispering Grass (Don't Tell The Trees)"" is a popular song written by Fred Fisher and his daughter Doris Fisher. The song was first recorded by Erskine Hawkins & His Orchestra in 1940. The Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny also recorded it the same

show was a part of the Nicktoons channel since its inception in 2002, and started airing the remaining third-season episodes in November 2004, when ""Ten Chairs"" premiered. The ""high school"" episodes were slated to premiere during November 2006, but only one, ""Stuff'll Kill Ya"", premiered. The aforementioned Season 3 episodes remain unaired, however, they instead aired on teen-oriented block The N on Saturday nights, on January 20, 2007. The opening theme, ""I'm in Between"", was written for the show by series composer, Jared Faber, and Emily Kapnek. The song was first recorded with vocals by Melissa Disney, in character as

"Make 'Em Laugh"
Make 'Em Laugh ""Make 'Em Laugh"" is a song first featured in the 1952 film ""Singin' in the Rain"", frenetically performed by Donald O'Connor. Written by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed, the song is closely based on Cole Porter's ""Be a Clown"". It finished at #49 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. O'Connor's song-and-dance routine in ""Singin' in the Rain"" is noted for its extreme physical difficulty, featuring dozens of jumps, pratfalls, and two backflips. Hollywood legend states that O'Connor, though only 27 years old at the time and a chain-smoker, was bedridden

"Robert Wells (songwriter)"
Robert Wells (songwriter) Robert Wells (born Robert Levinson, October 15, 1922 – September 23, 1998) was an American songwriter, composer, script writer and television producer. During his early career, he collaborated with singer and songwriter Mel Tormé, writing several hit songs, most notably ""The Christmas Song"" in 1945. Later, he became a prolific writer and producer for television, for such shows as ""The Dinah Shore Chevy Show"", as well as for numerous variety specials, such as ""If They Could See Me Now"", starring Shirley MacLaine. He was nominated for several Academy Awards and won six Emmys and a Peabody Award.

"Them (band)"
Them And Other Tales""). Henderson hired session musicians for two more records for Ray Ruff's Happy Tiger Records, in a hard rock vein with country and folk elements; ""Them"" (1970) featured Jerry Cole as guitarist while ""Them In Reality"" (1971) featured lead guitarist Jim Parker and drummer John Stark (both ex-""Kitchen Cinq""). Henderson also co-wrote a rock opera, ""Truth Of Truths"", produced by Ray Ruff in 1971. These efforts were met with consumer indifference and in 1972 Them dissolved. Alan Henderson, Billy Harrison and Eric Wrixon reunited in 1979, without Morrison, recording another album, ""Shut Your Mouth"" and undertaking a

"Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be"
the remaining songs. There are no band parts and ""Meatface"" is not present in any form. Whilst the show was playing at the Garrick Theatre, record producer Norman Newell collected British film, television, singing and stage stars to release a all star recording of the show. Tony Osborne provided musical direction with John Barry and His Orchestra providing backing on two songs with Adam Faith. The cast included the author Lionel Bart himself, Alfie Bass, Adam Faith, Harry Fowler, Joan Heal, Sidney James, Alfred Marks, Marion Ryan, Tony Tanner, and the Williams Singers. The finale with the entire company also

"The Merrymen"
Emile Straker's whistling is one of the most distinctive components of their sound, and often serves as the primary focus of the musical interludes in their songs. They have produced several memorable covers in this style, including versions of ""Island in the Sun"" (originally by Harry Belafonte), ""Jamaica Farewell"", ""Hot Hot Hot"", ""Mary's Boy Child"" and ""Big Bamboo"". In addition to their characteristic sound, they are also known for the distinctive costumes they wear while performing and on their album and promotional photographs. The costumes are inspired by troubadour costumes from the High Middle Ages, a nod to one of

"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
members of Big Country and Holly Johnson from Frankie Goes to Hollywood. The song comprises two parts: a verse and bridge which allow individual singers to perform different lines; and a chorus in the form of two repeated phrases by ensemble. The first line of the recording is sung by Paul Young on the 1984 version, Kylie Minogue on the 1989 version, Chris Martin of Coldplay on the 2004 version, and One Direction on the 2014 version. The line was originally written for David Bowie who finally sang it at the Live Aid concert in 1985. The following morning Geldof

"Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 5)"
Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 5) The fifth season of the television sitcom ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"" premiered September 26, 2017 on Fox. It is the final season to air on Fox, as the series was cancelled on May 10, 2018, before NBC picked it up for a sixth season on May 11, 2018. Jake and Rosa adjust to life in jail before the Nine-Nine are able to bust Melanie Hawkins when Holt is forced to make a deal with local mobster Seamus Murphy. After their release, Jake realizes he's not ready to be back out in the field right away and Rosa breaks

"Brooklyn Nine-Nine"
its portrayal of serious issues with a blend of humor. On May 10, 2018, Fox canceled the series after five seasons. The following day, NBC picked up the series for a sixth season of thirteen episodes; on September 7, 2018, NBC extended the season to a count of eighteen episodes. The fifth season ended on Fox on May 20, 2018, and the sixth season will begin on NBC on January 10, 2019. Set in the fictional 99th Precinct of the New York City Police Department in Brooklyn, ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"" follows a team of detectives headed by the overly serious, newly

"The Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)"
to take a seemingly unnecessary mid-season break in the wintertime: The quality of banter and sheer comic velocity is extraordinarily high in 'The Audit,' and the gags are built and paid off brilliantly."" The Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) ""The Audit"" is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"" and the 81st overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Carly Hallam Tosh and directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 11, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New

"Glee (season 5)"
club at the fictional William McKinley High School (WMHS) in the town of Lima, Ohio, and graduates of McKinley who have moved to New York City, some to attend the fictional New York Academy of Dramatic Arts (NYADA). Unlike previous seasons, the fifth continues the school year begun in season four. The first half of the season follows the club competing on the show choir circuit, while the remainder of the season focuses on graduation and the alumni's lives in New York City as its members, faculty and alumni deal with gay bashing, death, intimacy, STDs, transphobia and other social

and Bergen Street, one block south of the Barclays Center and one block east of the Bergen Street station on the New York City Subway's . On May 10, 2018, Fox canceled the series after five seasons. Shortly afterward, there were announcements that negotiations had begun with Hulu, TBS, NBC and Netflix for the possibility of reviving the show for a sixth season. The next day, TVLine reported Hulu had already passed on the series. Shortly after, Goor announced that NBC would pick up the series for thirteen episodes. In a statement, NBC Entertainment chairman Robert Greenblatt expressed regret for

"Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 4)"
Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 4) The fourth season of the television sitcom ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"" premiered September 20, 2016 on Fox and ended May 23, 2017 with 22 episodes. Jake and Holt are placed in Florida as part of the witness protection program until the 9-9 helps them take down Figgis. The squad is subsequently punished by being placed on the night shift, but are put back on the day shift when Captain C.J. Stently is transferred from active duty for his incompetence. Charles and Genevieve adopt a son, Nikolaj. Adrian returns and resumes his romance with Rosa, but they call off

be featured in the episode. The list of thirteen songs that was eventually released in late February 2014 for the two-part 100th episode contained eight songs from the original thirty-song list, not ten. On March 17, 2014, it was revealed that Chris Colfer will write an episode later in the season. It was later revealed that he will be writing the nineteenth episode of the season. Fox credits fourteen main cast members for the season: Matthew Morrison as glee club director Will Schuester; Jane Lynch as cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester; Chris Colfer, Lea Michele and Naya Rivera as McKinley graduates

"Skyfire Cycle"
catch in the middle of a foursome with three young cosplaying women). ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine""s quality is of a consistent standard. It's the individual jokes that make each chapter stand out, and sometimes, a man just has to get his bone on."" Skyfire Cycle ""Skyfire Cycle"" is the eight episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series ""Brooklyn Nine-Nine"". It is the 76th overall episodes of the series and is written by David Phillips and directed by Michael McDonald. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 29, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious

"Chapter 5 (House of Cards)"
it does have a narrative problem when only 50% of its central storylines engage the audience on an emotional level."" He further said, ""We don’t need to know everything now. But we need a toehold, at least, in order to understand why we need to care about these two for the next eight hours and beyond."" Chapter 5 (House of Cards) ""Chapter 5"" (or ""Episode 105"") is the fifth episode of the first season of the American political thriller drama series ""House of Cards"". It premiered on February 1, 2013, when it was released along with the rest of the

received only 25 votes. Annecy (in southeastern France) launched their own bid, which failed to secure public support from the local citizens. Their bid ended up receiving seven votes. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban in 2011, earning the necessary majority of at least 48 votes in just one round of voting, more votes than its competitors combined. With this, Pyeongchang became the third Asian city to host the Winter Games; the first two were in Japan, at Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998). On 5 August 2011, the International Olympic Committee (IOC)

commercially and politically motivated. He argued that not only was doping rife amongst Russian athletes but that there was no sign of it being eradicated. The CAS decision to overturn the life bans of 28 Russian athletes and restore their medals was also fiercely criticised, by Olympic officials, IOC president Thomas Bach and whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov's lawyer. 2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un proposed talks in Seoul over the country's participation in the Games, which would be the first high-level talks between the North and South in over two years. Because of the talks, held on 9 January, North Korea agreed to field athletes in Pyeongchang. On 17 January 2018, it was announced that North and South Korea had agreed to field a unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the Games, and to enter together under a Korean Unification Flag during the opening ceremony. These moves were met with opposition in South Korea, including protests and online

"The Walking Dead (comic book)"
""""), and various additional publications, including novels (""""). The original pitch by Kirkman and Moore was for a followup to George A. Romero's ""Night of the Living Dead"", with the series taking place in the 1960s. Image Comics co-founder Jim Valentino suggested using an original concept instead so the creators would own the property outright. The revised pitch became ""The Walking Dead."" ""The Walking Dead"" debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues and Cliff Rathburn shading the art after issue five. Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7,

The Walking Dead (comic book) The Walking Dead is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the zombie apocalypse. First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the comic is written by Kirkman with art

"Horror comics"
the earliest known dedicated horror comic book. Historian Ron Goulart, making no mention of those earlier literary adaptations, identifies Avon Publications' ""Eerie"" #1, dated January 1947 and sold in late 1946, as ""the first out-and-out horror comic book"". Its cover featured a red-eyed, pointy-eared fiend threatening a rope-bound, beautiful young woman in a scanty red evening gown, set amid a moonlit ruin. The anthology offered six primarily occult stories involving the likes of a ghost and a zombie. While all but one writer are unknown — Edward Bellin, who teamed with young artist Joe Kubert on the nine-page ""The Man-Eating

adaptation of Horace Walpole's seminal gothic novel ""The Castle of Otranto"", by an unknown writer and artist Al Ulmer. Following the postwar crime comics vogue spearheaded by publisher Lev Gleason's ""Crime Does Not Pay"", which by 1948 was selling over a million copies a month, came romance comics, which by 1949 outsold all other genres, and horror comics. The same month in which ""Adventures into the Unknown"" premiered, the comic-book company EC, which would become the most prominent horror-comics publisher of the 1950s, published its first horror story, ""Zombie Terror"", by the then relatively unknown writer and artist Johnny Craig,

"Mort Walker"
art director of the college's humor magazine, ""Showme"", and was president of the local Kappa Sigma chapter. After graduation, Walker went to New York to pursue a career in cartooning. He began doing ""Spider"", a one-panel series for ""The Saturday Evening Post"", about a lazy, laid-back college student. When he decided he could make more money doing a multi-panel comic strip, ""Spider"" morphed into ""Beetle Bailey"", eventually distributed by King Features Syndicate to 1,800 newspapers in more than 50 countries for a combined readership of 200 million daily. In 1954, Walker and Dik Browne teamed to launch ""Hi and Lois"",

"History of comics"
the technological advances of the industrial revolution, magazines and newspapers were established. These publications utilized illustrations as a means of commenting on political and social issues, such illustrations becoming known as cartoons in the 1842. Soon, artists were experimenting with establishing a sequence of images to create a narrative. While surviving works of these periods, such as Francis Barlow's ""A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish-Plot"" (c. 1682) as well as ""The Punishments of Lemuel Gulliver"" and ""A Rake's Progress"" by William Hogarth (1726), can be seen to establish a narrative over a number of images, it wasn't until

"The Walking Dead (franchise)"
The Walking Dead (franchise) The Walking Dead is a media franchise created by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore including a comic book series, two television series, six novels, video games, and various other media such as audio books and sound tracks. ""The Walking Dead"" is a monthly black-and-white comic book series chronicling the travels of Rick Grimes, his family, and other survivors of a zombie apocalypse. First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the series was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore (who was later replaced by Charlie Adlard from issue #7 onward, though Moore continued

"Zombie (comics)"
Zombie (comics) The Zombie (Simon William Garth) is a fictional supernatural character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett for the standalone story ""Zombie"" in the horror-anthology comic book ""Menace"" #5 (cover-dated July 1953), which was published by Atlas Comics, a forerunner to Marvel. The character later became well known for starring in the black-and-white, horror-comic magazine series ""Tales of the Zombie"" (1973–1975), usually in stories by Steve Gerber and Pablo Marcos. Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Roy Thomas plucked the character Simon Garth, the Zombie, from a

and Gold Foil Version for Compendium 3). Several ancillary books and a special edition have also been published: The Walking Dead (comic book) The Walking Dead is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the

"Daily comic strip"
Comics Curmudgeon"" is an award-winning blog in which the Baltimore-based freelance writer-editor Josh Fruhlinger provides an ongoing humorous and critical commentary of daily comic strips. The blog's original title was ""Josh Reads the Comics So You Don't Have To"", which is reflected in the URL joshreads.com. Daily comic strip A daily strip is a newspaper comic strip format, appearing on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appears on Sundays. Bud Fisher's ""Mutt and Jeff"" is commonly regarded as the first daily comic strip, launched November 15, 1907 (under its initial title, ""A. Mutt"")

"John Clark Jr."
John Clark Jr. John Clark Jr. is a fictional character in the television series ""NYPD Blue"". He was played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar for four years, from season 9 until the end of the series. Clark Jr. was partnered with the rough but friendly detective Andy Sipowicz after Sipowicz's previous partner, Danny Sorenson, was murdered in an undercover sting gone bad. Clark earned his detective badge after courageous action in an undercover operation. Sipowicz became a kind of mentor for the young detective, and much of the veteran detective's skill rubbed off on Clark. His father, Clark Sr., was a by-the-book

an interview conducted solely by Clark. Clark eventually became the 15th Squad's lead detective, partnering with Baldwin Jones, after Sipowicz was promoted to Sergeant at the series's conclusion. John Clark Jr. John Clark Jr. is a fictional character in the television series ""NYPD Blue"". He was played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar for four years, from season 9 until the end of the series. Clark Jr. was partnered with the rough but friendly detective Andy Sipowicz after Sipowicz's previous partner, Danny Sorenson, was murdered in an undercover sting gone bad. Clark earned his detective badge after courageous action in an undercover operation.

"Bill Brochtrup"
Bill Brochtrup William ""Bill"" Brochtrup Jr. (born March 7, 1963) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He is known for his role playing PAA John Irvin, a gay police public assistant, on the ABC television drama ""NYPD Blue"". Born William Brochtrup Jr. in 1963 in California, U.S., Bill Brochtrup was raised in Tacoma, Washington and graduated from New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts in 1985. After NYU, he moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue an acting career. He was billed as ""William Brochtrup"" in some of his earliest roles in the 1980s. Theatre credits

"Gordon Clapp"
Gordon Clapp Gordon Clapp (born September 24, 1948) is an American actor, best known for portraying the role of Det. Greg Medavoy for all 12 seasons on the television series ""NYPD Blue"", winning an Emmy Award in 1998. A graduate of Williams College, where he met frequent collaborators David Strathairn and John Sayles, and The National Theater Institute at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center (Fall 1970), the North Conway, New Hampshire-born Clapp has appeared in numerous TV shows such as ""Check it Out!"" and ""Night Court"" as well as numerous stage plays. His film credits include ""Return of the Secaucus

""adverse effect"" on his career, even with potential typecasting. In 2012, Brochtrup said that he has not regretted coming out back then. Bill Brochtrup William ""Bill"" Brochtrup Jr. (born March 7, 1963) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He is known for his role playing PAA John Irvin, a gay police public assistant, on the ABC television drama ""NYPD Blue"". Born William Brochtrup Jr. in 1963 in California, U.S., Bill Brochtrup was raised in Tacoma, Washington and graduated from New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts in 1985. After NYU, he moved to Los Angeles, California

an IAB trial. Around the same time, John's bipolar ex-girlfriend, Dr. Jennifer Devlin, died of a prescription drug overdose. Following these traumas, John experienced a brief but ugly period where he was often drunk and had a number of indiscriminate sexual encounters, causing at least one of the squad's cases to be ruined in court. However, with Sipowicz's help, Clark cleaned up his act, and he soon began dating Assistant District Attorney Laurie Munson. Despite these troubles and some early mistakes in his career, Clark Jr. soon developed an excellent interview manner and attitude, which even Sipowicz noted after observing

In 2014, Clapp began playing a recurring role as Chaplain Orlovsky in ""Chicago Fire"". The character is a Catholic priest and a Chaplain in the Chicago Fire Department. Gordon Clapp married Elisabeth Gordon, whom he met through a mutual friend, on November 5, 2016. They share a mutual love of theater and the natural world. They reside in both Vermont and Boston, Massachusetts. Gordon Clapp Gordon Clapp (born September 24, 1948) is an American actor, best known for portraying the role of Det. Greg Medavoy for all 12 seasons on the television series ""NYPD Blue"", winning an Emmy Award in

"NYPD Blue"
him and his professional and personal lives. Promotional shots for the show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him. Season two had the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast. Dennis Franz, as Andy Sipowicz, a veteran New York City Police detective, evolved into the show's lead character, who increasingly assumed a mentorship role to other characters as the series progressed. His co-stars included (season two and beyond) Jimmy Smits as Det. Bobby Simone (1994–1998), Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson (1998–2001), and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det.

"Damon Gupton"
the Behavioral Analysis Unit. He began appearing in the series' twelfth season. On June 11, 2017, it was announced that he would depart the show after one season. Gupton was subsequently cast as Inspector Henderson in the superhero drama series ""Black Lightning"". Damon Gupton Damon Jamal Gupton (born January 4, 1973) is an American actor and orchestral conductor, best known for his series regular roles as Charles Foster on ""Deadline"", Evrard Velerio on ""Prime Suspect"", Adam Page on ""The Divide"", Detective Cal Brown on ""The Player"", and SSA Stephen Walker on ""Criminal Minds"". He has also co-starred in the films

"David Caruso"
David Caruso David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an American actor and producer, best known for his roles as Detective John Kelly on the ABC crime drama ""NYPD Blue"", and Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the CBS series """". He also appeared in the films ""An Officer and a Gentleman"", ""First Blood"" (both 1982), ""Twins"" (1988), ""Kiss of Death"" (1995) and ""Proof of Life"" (2000). Caruso was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, the son of Joan, a librarian, and Charles Caruso, a magazine and newspaper editor. He is of Irish and Italian descent. His father left when

"Colleen Flynn"
Colleen Flynn Colleen Flynn (born May 23, 1962) is an American actress. In 1995, Flynn earned a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her performance on ""ER"". She starred on short-lived series such as ""Flipper"" and ""To Have & to Hold"". She also appeared in a recurring roles on ""China Beach"", ""The Practice"", ""Judging Amy"" and ""Nip/Tuck"". Flynn guest-starred on television series such as ""The X-Files"", ""Crossing Jordan"", ""Without a Trace"", ""The Drew Carey Show"", ""Everwood"", ""The Closer"", ""Cold Case"", ""House"" and ""Grey's Anatomy"". Her film credits include ""Last Exit to Brooklyn"",

"Ann Cusack"
Ann Cusack Ann Cusack (born May 22, 1961) is an American actress. She had minor roles in both the 1996 comedy ""Multiplicity"" and The Informant (2009). She has also made guest appearances in a number of television series, including ""Grey's Anatomy"", ""Scandal"", ""One Tree Hill"", ""Charmed"", ""Ghost Whisperer"", ""The Unit"", ""Boston Legal"", ""Bones"", ""Frasier"", ""Ally McBeal"", ""Criminal Minds"", ""Private Practice"", ""Fargo"", and ""Better Call Saul"", among others. Cusack was born in Manhattan, New York. She was raised in Evanston, Illinois. She is the sister of actors Joan, John, Bill, and Susie. Her mother, Ann Paula ""Nancy"" (née Carolan), is a

"Jeanie Boulet"
initially a recurring character involved in the story arc of the regular character Dr Peter Benton (played by Eriq La Salle). During the first season, Jeanie's storyline centred on her adulterous affair with Benton, which developed after he employed her to care for his senile mother — Jeanie was unhappy in marriage to a philandering husband named Al (played by Wolfgang Bodison and Michael Beach). Benton was depicted as a talented, ""self-assured"" but ""brooding"", defensive and serious doctor. Contrastingly, Jeanie was portrayed as emotional, caring and sensitive. Reuben has described Jeanie as ""strong-willed, sharp and intelligent, but, [she] has a

"Andrea Parker"
Foundation for Parkinson's research and Project Angel Food. In February 2006, Parker attended a benefit with former Pretender co-stars Michael T. Weiss and James Denton for Cure Autism Now. Parker is also trained as a stunt driver and can handle firearms. Andrea Parker Andrea N. Parker (born March 8, 1970) is an American film and television actress and former ballet dancer. She is known for her roles on ""ER"", ""The Pretender"", ""Less than Perfect"", ""Desperate Housewives"", and ""Pretty Little Liars"". Parker was born in Monterey County, California. She began ballet training at age 6 and at age 15 she joined

Andrea Parker Andrea N. Parker (born March 8, 1970) is an American film and television actress and former ballet dancer. She is known for her roles on ""ER"", ""The Pretender"", ""Less than Perfect"", ""Desperate Housewives"", and ""Pretty Little Liars"". Parker was born in Monterey County, California. She began ballet training at age 6 and at age 15 she joined a professional dance company. She quit her career in ballet after three years of touring and trained to become an actress while working as a bartender. Her first documented film role was at age 19 in the movie ""Rented Lips"" in

"Ann Dowd"
for her work in the 2012 movie ""Compliance"", which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. In the film, Dowd plays Sandra, a fast food restaurant manager caught in a mysterious ethical nightmare. For this role, Dowd was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress and received the National Board of Review award. She has played supporting roles in two Steven Soderbergh films, ""The Informant!"" in 2009, and ""Side Effects"" in 2013, in which she played the mother of Channing Tatum's character. She played the supporting role of Joan in the 2018 horror film ""Hereditary"". Dowd's first appearance

"Peter Benton"
Michael Crichton studied medicine, although (perhaps coincidentally) the birth name of Crichton's wife at the time, Anne-Marie Martin, was also Benton. Several relationships were scripted into the character's narrative. In Season 4 he began dating Dr. Elizabeth Corday, played by Alex Kingston. Both surgeons, the characters competed with each other professionally and failed to be adequately supportive of each other in their personal crises, so Corday ends the relationship in Season 5. According to an article published in ""Jet"" in 1999, Eriq La Salle was the reason why the romance dissolved. He was unhappy that Benton's interracial romance with Corday

Peter Benton Dr. Peter Benton is a fictional character that was a regular on the television series ""ER"" for its first eight seasons and appeared in two episodes of the show's final season. He was played by Eriq La Salle. Benton was often portrayed as arrogant and irritable, but is nevertheless an exceptionally talented surgeon who is passionate about medicine. It is also revealed that he and fellow emergency room physician Mark Greene had attended medical school together. Benton's last appearance as a series regular was in the Season 8 episode ""I'll Be Home For Christmas"". La Salle's removal from

"Glenne Headly"
Abby Keaton on ""ER"" from 1996–1997 and as Leland Stottlemeyer's wife, Karen, on ""Monk"". In 2004, she played the mother of Lindsay Lohan's character in ""Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen"". Her recent appearances include the films ""The Amateurs"" (2005), ""The Namesake"" (2006), ""Comeback Season"" (2006), """" (2008), ""The Joneses"" (2009), and ""Don Jon"" (2013). More recently, Headly appeared in the film ""Strange Weather"" (2016) and in the HBO limited series ""The Night Of"" (2016). Headly and Ed Begley Jr. were cast in lead roles with Josh Hutcherson in ""Future Man"", Hulu's half-hour comedy television series produced by Seth Rogen

"Anita Gillette"
kept a busy schedule, with frequent TV and movies roles. Recurring characters included Joan Gamble in the TV series ""Normal, Ohio""; Betty in ""The War at Home""; Lily Flynn, the mother of criminalist Catherine Willows in four episodes of ""CSI"" (2005/2012); and the mother of Liz Lemon in two episodes of ""30 Rock"". Recently (since 2010) she has also made several guest starring roles in such shows as: ""Blue Bloods"", ""Chicago Med"", ""Elementary"", """", ""Modern Family"", ""Public Morals"" and ""Shake it Up"". Anita Gillette Anita Gillette (born August 16, 1936) is an American actress. She is notable for her extensive

Proteostasis
is very slow and the ribosome can even be stalled when it encounters a rare codon, a codon found at low concentrations in the cell. These pauses provide an opportunity for an individual protein domain to have the necessary time to become folded before the production of following domains. This facilitates the correct folding of multi-domain proteins. The newly synthesized peptide chain exits the ribosome into the cellular environment through the narrow ribosome exit channel (width: 10Å to 20Å, length 80Å). Due to space restriction in the exit channel the nascent chain already forms secondary and limited tertiary structures. For

Proinsulin
seen from one species to another present in the C peptide. That said, the residues of the C peptide that are conserved across species interact with similarly conserved residues on the A and B chains. Thus, it is hypothesized that these conserved residues are important for the functionality of mature insulin. Proinsulin is synthesized on membrane associated ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it is folded and its disulfide bonds are oxidized. It is then transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is packaged into secretory vesicles, and where it is processed by a series of proteases to

Proteoglycan
of the proteoglycan occurs in the Golgi apparatus in multiple enzymatic steps. First a special link tetrasaccharide is attached to a serine side chain on the core protein to serve as a primer for polysaccharide growth. Then sugars are added one at a time by glycosyl transferase. The completed proteoglycan is then exported in secretory vesicles to the extracellular matrix of the tissue. An inability to break down proteoglycans is characteristic of a group of genetic disorders, called mucopolysaccharidoses. The inactivity of specific lysosomal enzymes that normally degrade glycosaminoglycans leads to the accumulation of proteoglycans within cells. This leads to

the insulin receptor. Due to the relative similarities in structure, proinsulin can produce between 5% and 10% of the metabolic activity similarly induced by insulin. Proinsulin is the final single chain protein structure secreted by cells before cleavage into mature insulin. Proinsulin was discovered by Professor Donald F. Steiner of the University of Chicago in 1967. Proinsulin is made up of 81 residues and formed by three distinct chains. The A chain, B chain, and the area connecting the two named the C peptide. The correct structure of proinsulin is crucial for the correct folding of mature insulin, as the

form mature insulin. Mature insulin has 35 fewer amino acids; 4 are removed altogether, and the remaining 31 form the C-peptide. The C-peptide is abstracted from the center of the proinsulin sequence; the two other ends (the B chain and A chain) remain connected by disulfide bonds. The post translational modification of proinsulin to mature insulin only occurs in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. When proinsulin is transported through the Golgi apparatus the C-peptide is cleaved. This cleavage occurs with the aid of two endoproteases. Type I endoproteases, PC1 and PC3, disrupt the C peptide-B chain connection.

Prolene
repairing hernias and other injuries to the fascia. Prolene commonly is used in both human and veterinary medicine for skin closure. In human medicine it is used in cardiovascular, ophthalmic and neurological procedures. It is often used in conjunction with the absorbable suture Monocryl. Prolene is manufactured by Ethicon Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson. The name Prolene is a trademark of Ethicon Inc. and is produced in Cornelia, Georgia, USA. Prolene has also become the mainstay of vascular anastomoses and had facilitated significant advances in cardiac and vascular surgery. It is used on both small vessels such as

Procentriole
forms at the onset of assembly. Free microtubules elongate the initial cylindrical structure of procentrioles to form centrioles. An alternative way of procentriole assembly has also been discovered. Instead of forming in the vicinity of pre-exisintg centrioles, this “de novo” pathway is activated during ciliogenesis, inch which many procentrioles are synthesized in a single cell from electron-dense areas of the cytoplasm. This discovery was made through observation after removing the pre-existing centrioles using laser microbeam. However, studies indicate that procentriole assembly via the canonical pathway is more stable for proliferating cells. Only one procentriole forms next to each centriole during

Proteolysis
to the final functional form of protein is termed proprotein, and these proproteins may be first synthesized as preproprotein. For example, albumin is first synthesized as preproalbumin and contains an uncleaved signal peptide. This forms the proalbumin after the signal peptide is cleaved, and a further processing to remove the N-terminal 6-residue propeptide yields the mature form of the protein. The initiating methionine (and, in prokaryotes, fMet) may be removed during translation of the nascent protein. For ""E. coli"", fMet is efficiently removed if the second residue is small and uncharged, but not if the second residue is bulky and

POMC, however, may vary between different tissues, yielding different sets of polypeptide hormones from the same polyprotein. Many viruses also produce their proteins initially as a single polypeptide chain that were translated from a polycistronic mRNA. This polypeptide is subsequently cleaved into individual polypeptide chains. Many proteins and hormones are synthesized in the form of their precursors - zymogens, proenzymes, and prehormones. These proteins are cleaved to form their final active structures. Insulin, for example, is synthesized as preproinsulin, which yields proinsulin after the signal peptide has been cleaved. The proinsulin is then cleaved at two positions to yield two

Prolene
Prolene Prolene is a synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable polypropylene suture. It is indicated for skin closure and general soft tissue approximation and ligation. Its advantages include minimal tissue reactivity and durability. Disadvantages include fragility, high plasticity, high expense, and difficulty of use compared to standard nylon sutures. Composed of an isotactic crystalline stereoisomer of polypropylene, Prolene sutures are intended to be durable and long lasting. They are dyed blue, allowing for easy visibility against skin and when operating. It is composed of a single filament. A polypropylene mesh is also marketed under the name Prolene by Ethicon. It is used for

"Émile Gagnan"
Émile Gagnan Émile Gagnan (November 1900 – 1979) was a French engineer and, in 1943, co-inventor with French Navy diver Jacques-Yves Cousteau of the Aqua-Lung, the diving regulator (a.k.a. demand-valve) used for the first Scuba equipment. The demand-valve, or regulator, was designed for regulating gas in gas-generator engines, but was found to be excellent for regulating air-supply under varied pressure conditions. This allowed people to explore the ocean more easily, even though the original purpose was different. Gagnan was born in the French province of Burgundy in November 1900, and graduated from technical school in the early 1920s. He was

Aqua-Lung
Aqua-Lung Aqua-Lung was the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or ""SCUBA"") to reach worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a diving regulator or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and Naval Lieutenant (""lieutenant de vaisseau"") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore more easily underwater. An earlier underwater breathing regulator, known as the ""régulateur,"" was invented in France in 1860 by Benoît Rouquayrol. He first conceived it as a device to help

the direct ancestors of virtually every type of Scuba regulator in common use today. Émile Gagnan Émile Gagnan (November 1900 – 1979) was a French engineer and, in 1943, co-inventor with French Navy diver Jacques-Yves Cousteau of the Aqua-Lung, the diving regulator (a.k.a. demand-valve) used for the first Scuba equipment. The demand-valve, or regulator, was designed for regulating gas in gas-generator engines, but was found to be excellent for regulating air-supply under varied pressure conditions. This allowed people to explore the ocean more easily, even though the original purpose was different. Gagnan was born in the French province of Burgundy

Aqua-Lung
assist in escaping from flooded mines. The Rouquayrol regulator was adapted to diving in 1864, when Rouquayrol met the ""lieutenant de vaisseau"" Auguste Denayrouze. The Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus went into mass production and commercialization on 28 August 1865, when the French Navy Minister ordered the first apparatuses. After 1884, several companies and entrepreneurs bought or inherited the patent and produced it until 1965. In 1942, during the German occupation of France, the patent was held by the Bernard Piel Company (""Établissements Bernard Piel""). One of their apparatuses went to Émile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company. Gagnan miniaturized

Aqua-Lung
first book, ""The Silent World"", in 1953. Public use of the word ""aqualung"", and public interest in Aqualungs and scuba diving, were started around 1953 in English-speaking counties by a National Geographical Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. In France, aqualung diving was popularized by Cousteau's movie ""Épaves"", while his book ""The Silent World"" also helped significantly. As with some other registered trademarks, the term ""aqualung"" became a genericized trademark in English-speaking countries as a result of common use by the public and in publications, including the BSAC's official diving manuals. Presumably, lawyers for Cousteau

Aqua-Lung
and adapted it to gas generators in response to a fuel shortage, which was a consequence of German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator to increase the useful period of the underwater breathing apparatus invented by Commander Yves le Prieur, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative, the Gagnan's regulator was adapted to diving, and the new Cousteau-Gagnan patent was registered some weeks later in 1943. After the war, in 1946, both men founded La Spirotechnique (as a division of Air Liquide) in

Aqua-Lung
contract, no one had even heard of their product, but everyone was familiar with the names he had registered. Bussoz sold the company and the trade names for a handsome profit, returning to France. The name US Divers sounded very official and very American, but it was owned by a Frenchman and sold to a French company. Air Liquide held the patent on the original ""Aqualung"" (also written as ""Aqua-Lung"" or ""Aqua Lung"") until the patent expired sometime around 1960 to 1963. The term ""Aqualung"", as far as is known, first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau's

Aqua-Lung
or Air Liquide could have slowed or stopped this genericization by taking prompt action, but this seems not to have been done in Britain, where Siebe Gorman held the British rights to both the trade name and the patent. In the United States, the term ""aqualung"" was popularized by the popular television series ""Sea Hunt"" (1958). This series never said that an aqualung could be called anything else, or made by anyone else, but the company that supplied Mike Nelson, the lead character in the series. The Voit Rubber Corporation provided most of the diving equipment used in this series,

"Louis Agassiz Shaw Jr."
The air pumps changed the pressure inside a rectangular, airtight metal box, pulling air in and out of the lungs. Louis Agassiz Shaw Jr. Louis Agassiz Shaw Jr. (September 25, 1886 – August 27, 1940) was an instructor of physiology at the School of Public Health of Harvard University, where he is credited in 1928 along with Philip Drinker for inventing the Drinker respirator, the first widely used iron lung. Shaw's parents were Louis Agassiz Shaw Sr. and Mary Elizabeth Saltonstall. Both parents came from wealthy and politically influential Boston Brahmin families with roots extending back to the ""Mayflower"". The

"John Arbuthnot"
John Arbuthnot John Arbuthnot FRS (""baptised"" 29 April 1667 – 27 February 1735), often known simply as Dr Arbuthnot, was a Scottish physician, satirist and polymath in London. He is best remembered for his contributions to mathematics, his membership in the Scriblerus Club (where he inspired both Jonathan Swift's ""Gulliver's Travels"" book III and Alexander Pope's ""Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry"", ""Memoirs of Martin Scriblerus,"" and possibly ""The Dunciad""), and for inventing the figure of John Bull. In his mid-life, Arbuthnot, complaining of the work of Edmund Curll, among others, who commissioned and invented a biography

their recoil moved them down the reverse slope, where they could be safely reloaded. Meanwhile, McDowell ordered the batteries of Ricketts and Griffin to move from Dogan's Ridge to the hill for close infantry support. Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across against Jackson's 13. Unlike many engagements in the Civil War, here the Confederate artillery had an advantage. The Union pieces were now within range of the Confederate smoothbores and the predominantly rifled pieces on the Union side were not effective weapons at such close ranges, with many shots fired over the head of their targets.

"Pocahontas (1995 film)"
Gaston, so he was replaced by his co-star David Ogden Stiers. Russell Means was cast as Chief Powhatan, though he initially expressed displeasure with the script in that Native Americans addressed each other using proper names rather than the traditional ""my father"" or ""my friend"". Aboriginal Canadian actor Gordon Tootoosis was also cast as the tribal shaman Kekata. Throughout most of the production, the cast members performed their dialogue in separate recording sessions. Renowned for animating female characters such as Ariel, supervising animator Glen Keane was immediately tapped to draw the titular Indian princess. Following the demands of Jeffrey Katzenberg

Pocahontas (1995 film) Pocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. The 33rd Disney animated feature film, it was directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg and is loosely based on the life of the Native American woman of the same name. It portrays a fictionalized account of her historical encounter with Englishman John Smith and the Jamestown settlers that arrived from the Virginia Company. The voice cast stars Irene Bedard and Mel Gibson as Pocahontas and Smith, respectively, with David Ogden Stiers, Russell Means, Christian Bale, Billy

"Captain John Smith and Pocahontas"
was issued on a double bill with ""The Steel Lady"". Due to the lower limit budget, the film proved to be unsuccessful both by critics and at the box office. Hal Erickson of allmovie gave the film his lowest star rating. Captain John Smith and Pocahontas Captain John Smith and Pocahontas is a 1953 American NR historical film directed by Lew Landers. The distributor was United Artists. It stars Anthony Dexter, Jody Lawrance and Alan Hale. While most scenes were filmed in Virginia, exteriors were shot around Bronson Canyon. It depicts the foundation of the Jamestown Colony in Virginia by

"Pocahontas (Neil Young song)"
a fictional meeting in the Astrodome between the narrator, Pocahontas and Indian rights activist actor Marlon Brando. ""Rolling Stone"" author Andy Greene describes the song as a ""surreal journey through time from the 17th century"" to modern times. ""Pocahontas"" begins with an image that evokes ""a cold breeze whistling by"": It then describes the massacre. According to music critic Johnny Rogan, Young describes the tragedy with restraint. The narrator appears to be in the middle of the situation with the word ""might"" in the lines ""They killed us in our teepee,"" but then undercuts that appearance with the lines ""They

Pocahontas-related projects. Gordon Tootoosis acted as Chief Powhatan in """" (1995). Christian Bale and Irene Bedard would portray John Rolfe and Pocahontas's mother, respectively, in Terrence Malick's ""The New World"" (2005). Following the release of ""The Rescuers Down Under"" (1990), director Mike Gabriel was eager to collaborate with veteran Disney story artist Joe Grant on a follow-up project that was vastly different from the animated adventure film. During Thanksgiving weekend, 1990, Gabriel considered adapting Western legends such as Annie Oakley, Buffalo Bill, and Pecos Bill into animated films before conceiving of ""Pocahontas"". Pitching his idea at the Gong Show meeting,

According to Bedard, she took a train to Buffalo, New York where she was walked in wearing a sundress and a straw hat, and read for the part. Back on the set of ""Lakota Woman"", she learned that she was cast in the role. Michelle St. John had also auditioned for the role of Pocahontas, and was given the role of Nakoma after Bedard was cast. Mel Gibson was cast as English settler John Smith following a desire to make ""something for my kids."" In a notable contrast to previous voice actors for Disney animated features, Gibson provided the singing

"Pocahontas (1910 film)"
1910, the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films. The list includes G.W. Abbe, Justus D. Barnes, Irene Crane, Marie Eline, Violet Heming, Martin J. Faust, Thomas Fortune, George Middleton, Grace Moore, John W. Noble, Mrs. George Walters. According to a reviewer of the film, the cast included real Native Americans. It is believed that a reproduction of Hendrik Hudson's ship, ""Halve Maen"" (English:""Half Moon""), was used in the film. The replica was originally constructed for the Hudson-Fulton Celebration in 1909. This belief comes from the identification of the vessel by ""The New York Dramatic

voice for his character, which the actor has described as the most difficult part of his role. Christian Bale auditioned for the role of Thomas. As he explained in an interview with ""Disney Adventures"", ""the directors played with Thomas being Irish and Scottish and younger than I am, so I had to raise my voice and do different accents. But the more we did it, the more he became like me--older and English."" Richard White, the voice of Gaston in ""Beauty and the Beast"", was supposed to voice Ratcliffe, but the crew was worried he might sound too much like

film was met with praise by most reviewers. It is believed that a replica of Hendrik Hudson's ship, ""Halve Maen"", was used for the opening scene to establish the Jamestown landing. Though minor costuming and historical accuracy errors were pointed out, the film was praised as being of the highest quality of any Independent company. The film is presumed lost. Though the film is presumed lost, a synopsis survives in ""The Moving Picture World"" from October 15, 1910. It states: ""Captain John Smith comes to America as the head of a band of English colonists and settles in Jamestown, Virginia.

saintly pureness that transforms an entire people, a forbidden love, consultations with an oracle/shaman (in this case a tree spirit, voiced by Linda Hunt) and the usual sideshow of funny, fuzzy animals."" While calling the screenplay was the ""film's weakest element"", Janet Maslin of ""The New York Times"" summarized that ""Gloriously colorful, cleverly conceived and set in motion with the usual Disney vigor, ""Pocahontas"" is one more landmark feat of animation. It does everything a children's film should do except send little viewers home humming its theme song."" According to Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Renape Nation, the

"Computer simulation"
Computer simulation Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with said system. Since they allow to check the reliability of chosen mathematical models, computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics (computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry, biology and manufacturing, human systems in economics, psychology, social science, health care and engineering. Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new

"Systems simulation"
simulates the multiple systems of a functioning city including but not limited to: electricity, water, sewage, public transportation, population growth, social interactions (including, but not limited to jobs, education and emergency response). Systems simulation Systems simulation is a set of techniques that use computers to imitate the operations of various real-world tasks or processes through simulation. Computers are used to generate numeric models for the purpose of describing or displaying complex interaction among multiple variables within a system. The complexity of the system arises from the stochastic (probabilistic) nature of the events, rules for the interaction of the elements and

Simulation
that attempt to reproduce living anatomy or physiology are recent developments. The famous ""Harvey"" mannequin was developed at the University of Miami and is able to recreate many of the physical findings of the cardiology examination, including palpation, auscultation, and electrocardiography. More recently, interactive models have been developed that respond to actions taken by a student or physician. Until recently, these simulations were two dimensional computer programs that acted more like a textbook than a patient. Computer simulations have the advantage of allowing a student to make judgments, and also to make errors. The process of iterative learning through assessment,

Simulation A simulation is an imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system. The act of simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this model represents the key characteristics, behaviors and functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process. The model represents the system itself, whereas the simulation represents the operation of the system over time. Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games. Often, computer experiments are used to study simulation models. Simulation is also used with scientific modelling

"Mental model"
changes in the surroundings and the need for expression changes in mental models. Mental model A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (similar to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks. A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a

Mental model A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (similar to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks. A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that

the mind constructs ""small-scale models"" of reality that it uses to anticipate events. Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as: The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system (Forrester, 1971). In psychology, the term ""mental models"" is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to and to the mental model

in simulating physical systems, as a simpler modeling case before dynamic simulation is attempted. Formerly, the output data from a computer simulation was sometimes presented in a table or a matrix showing how data were affected by numerous changes in the simulation parameters. The use of the matrix format was related to traditional use of the matrix concept in mathematical models. However, psychologists and others noted that humans could quickly perceive trends by looking at graphs or even moving-images or motion-pictures generated from the data, as displayed by computer-generated-imagery (CGI) animation. Although observers could not necessarily read out numbers or

"Scientific modelling"
models are true. For the scientist, a model is also a way in which the human thought processes can be amplified. For instance, models that are rendered in software allow scientists to leverage computational power to simulate, visualize, manipulate and gain intuition about the entity, phenomenon, or process being represented. Such computer models are ""in silico"". Other types of scientific models are ""in vivo"" (living models, such as laboratory rats) and ""in vitro"" (in glassware, such as tissue culture). Models are typically used when it is either impossible or impractical to create experimental conditions in which scientists can directly measure

outcomes. Direct measurement of outcomes under controlled conditions (see Scientific method) will always be more reliable than modelled estimates of outcomes. Within modelling and simulation, a model is a task-driven, purposeful simplification and abstraction of a perception of reality, shaped by physical, legal, and cognitive constraints. It is task-driven, because a model is captured with a certain question or task in mind. Simplifications leave all the known and observed entities and their relation out that are not important for the task. Abstraction aggregates information that is important, but not needed in the same detail as the object of interest. Both

IPhone
screens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320×480 (HVGA) at 163 ppi; those on the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S have a resolution of 640×960 at 326 ppi; the 4-inch models, with 640×1136 at 326 ppi; the 4.7-inch models, with 750×1334 at 326 ppi; the 5.5-inch models, with 1080×1920 at 401 ppi; and the 5.8-inch model X, with 1125×2436 at 458 ppi. The initial models were using twisted-nematic (TN) LCDs. Starting with iPhone 4, the technology was changed to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs. The iPhone 5 model's screen results in an aspect ratio of approximately 16:9. The

"IPhone 5"
only approximately 1.45 times better than the iPhone 4s. Battery life assessments conducted by AnandTech concluded that the battery life is shorter on the iPhone 5 than its predecessor when performing certain tasks, however when performing other tasks the iPhone 5 battery outlasts the iPhone 4s. The Retina Display is 1,136 × 640 pixels with an aspect ratio of almost exactly 16:9, (minus one extra row of horizontal pixels). With a diagonal of 4"" it has a display size of 6.7 square inches, compared to 5.7 in iPhone 4 and 4s. The pixel density remains the same as the 4s

"IPhone 5"
in the world at 7.6 mm, though that claim was disputed as the Chinese Oppo Finder was thinner and some other smartphones could be considered to be thinner, depending upon where thickness is measured. The Oppo Finder measured at its thinnest point and at its thickest point making it overall thinner than the iPhone. The uses a system on chip (SoC), called the Apple A6. The SoC comprises a 1.3 GHz dual-core processor, 1GB of RAM and a tri-core PowerVR SGX543MP4 running at 266 MHz.<ref name=""Geekbench test (28/9)""></ref> The 's operating memory (LPDDR2-1066 eDRAM) was doubled, from 512 MB to

"IPhone 6"
6 being Apple's thinnest phone to date. The most significant changes to the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are its displays; both branded as ""Retina HD Display"" and ""ion-strengthened"", the iPhone 6 display is 4.7 inches in size with a resolution of 1334x750 (326 ppi, minus one row of pixels), while the iPhone 6 Plus includes a 5.5-inch 1920x1080 (1080p) display (401 PPI). The displays use a multiple-domain LCD panel, dubbed ""dual-domain pixels""; the RGB pixels themselves are skewed in pattern, so that every pixel is seen from a different angle. This technique helps improve the viewing angles of

"IPhone 5C"
LTE antennas that now cover more LTE bands than any other smartphone according to Apple. The device is made up of a unibody hard-coated polycarbonate body with a steel-reinforced frame, which also acts as an antenna. The iPhone 5C is available in multiple bright colors for the back — blue, green, pink, yellow, and white, with a black glass front. It features a 4-inch Retina, multi-touch display, which has a 640×1136 pixel resolution. Storage capacities available are fixed at 8, 16, or 32 GB; plug-in memory card are not supported. The iPhone 5C retains the 8 MP back camera similar

"IPhone 5"
model, which is 326 pixels per inch. Screen icons of the iPhone 5 are arranged in a matrix of six rows of four icons each. The increased screen size allows the sixth row of icons to be added to the five rows that were present in the iPhone 4. In-cell touch sensor technology from Sharp slims the screen which allows for a thinner phone. The screen's color saturation is 44% greater than its predecessor. There are three microphones (placed on the front, side and back) for noise cancellation and video calls. On April 28, 2014, Apple initiated an out of

"IPhone 5S"
September 2016, replacing it and its A7 processor early meant that Apple ""just reduced its long-term chip support window by a year"" for iOS. In addition, a new iPhone launch was meant to stimulate demand, as sales of iPhone 6S and 6S Plus had not met expectations since their September 2015 release and the iPhone family was expected to suffer its first ever negative growth quarter in 2016. The iPhone 5S maintains a similar design to the iPhone 5, with a LCD multi-touch Retina display and a screen resolution of 640×1136 at 326 ppi. Its home button has been updated

"IPhone 4"
the 8 GB iPhone 4S. The display of the iPhone 4 is manufactured by LG under an exclusive contract with Apple. It features an LED backlit TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch (ppi) on a (diagonally measured), 960×640 display. Each pixel is 78 micrometers in width. The display has a contrast ratio of 800:1. The screen is marketed by Apple as the ""Retina display"", based on the assertion that a display of approximately 300 ppi at a distance of from one's eye, or 57 arcseconds per pixel is the maximum amount of detail

the attention of the main processor, which integrates with iOS 7's new CoreMotion APIs. The same A7 SoC and M7 motion co-processor are also found in the iPad Air and iPad Mini 2 which were released in the same quarter as the iPhone 5S. The phone includes a 1560 mAh battery, which provides 10 hours of talk time and 250 hours of standby time. While the camera is still 8 megapixels in resolution with the image capture size of 3264 × 2448 (4:3), the lens has a larger aperture (2.2) and larger sized pixels in its image sensor than previous

"IPhone 6"
than screens used by flagship phones from competitors. The iPhone 5 and its immediate successors featured a display that was taller, but the same width as prior models, measuring at 4 inches diagonally. Following Apple's loss in smartphone market share to companies producing phones with larger displays, reports as early as January 2014 suggested that Apple was preparing to launch new iPhone models with larger, 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch displays. Reports prior to its unveiling also speculated that Apple might use a new iPhone model to introduce a mobile payments platform using near-field communications—a technology that has been incorporated into many

"Demographics of the European Union"
Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. The European Union has a significant number of global cities. It contains 13 of the 60 cities which compose the 2008 Global Cities Index, as well as 16 of the 41 ""alpha"" global cities classified by Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network (including London, Paris, Milan, Amsterdam and Brussels among others). The following is a list of the ten most populous cities, urban areas and urban zones in the European Union, with their population: The movement of people within the Union i.e. internal

Europe
are recognised political goals in Europe today. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe. The four most populous cities of Europe are Istanbul, Moscow, Paris and London, each have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as megacities. While Istanbul has the highest total population, one third lies on the Asian side of the Bosporus, making Moscow the most populous city entirely in Europe. The next largest cities in order

"Metropolitan regions in Germany"
region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively ""regiopolitan area"" or ""regio"" was introduced by German professors in 2006. ""Sorted alphabetically:"" The five most important regions, collectively often called the """"Big Five"""", are frequently compared with other European metropolitan areas for investments and market development. They are (from north to south): Hamburg, Berlin, the polycentric Ruhr/Düsseldorf/Cologne region (collectively referred to as Rhine-Ruhr), Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and Munich. Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) considers Frankfurt ""α"" (Alpha) Global Cities, while the others are considered ""β"" (Beta) global cities. Each of them forms types of clusters and achieves varying levels of performance

Europe
of population are Saint Petersburg, Madrid, Berlin and Rome, each having over 3 million residents. When considering the commuter belts or metropolitan areas, within the EU (for which comparable data is available) London covers the largest population, followed in order by Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin, the Ruhr area, Rome, Milan, Athens and Warsaw. ""Europe"" as a cultural concept is substantially derived from the shared heritage of the Roman Empire and its culture. The boundaries of Europe were historically understood as those of Christendom (or more specifically Latin Christendom), as established or defended throughout the medieval and early modern history of

"Larger urban zone"
(Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries, although the only candidate country for which there is available data is Turkey. Some cities, including Marseille, Lille, Nice, Cordoba, Badajoz, Toulon and Montpellier were excluded from the 2004 list on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone. Eurostat's Urban Audit is about much more than demographics. In order for it to be useful as a policy tool to the European Commission and other authorities it contains data for over 250 indicators across the following domains: Larger urban zone The larger urban zone

in areas such as business activity, human capital, information and technology exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. <br> Metropolitan regions in Germany The metropolitan regions in Germany are eleven densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centres of the country. The eleven metropolitan regions in Germany were organised into political units for planning purposes. Using a narrower definition of metropolises, only four cities surpass the threshold of at least one million inhabitants within its administrative borders, namely: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich

"European Union statistics"
European Union statistics Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body). As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people. Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 80.4 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates. The most densely populated country is the island of Malta, which is also the smallest, while the largest

Metropolitan regions in Germany The metropolitan regions in Germany are eleven densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centres of the country. The eleven metropolitan regions in Germany were organised into political units for planning purposes. Using a narrower definition of metropolises, only four cities surpass the threshold of at least one million inhabitants within its administrative borders, namely: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne. For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their

"Demographics of Europe"
Europe, have generally stronger growth than Central European counterparts. Albania and Ireland have strong growth, hitting over 1% annually. According to different definitions, such as consideration of the concept of Central Europe, the following territories and regions may be subject to various other categorisations aside from geographic conventions. Mirroring their mostly sub-replacement fertility and high life expectancy, European countries tend to have older populations overall. They had nine of the top ten highest median ages in national populations in 2005. Only Japan had an older population. Over the last several centuries, religious practice has been on the decline in a

"Valley of the Dolls"
the Mount Everest of her dreams, only to find herself back in the valley of the dolls. Susann had apparently been thinking about the novel for some time. Some years earlier, she had begun ""Underneath the Pancake"", a show business novel, with her actress friend Beatrice Cole (c. 1910–1999). Later, she considered writing a novel about drug usage in show business to be called ""The Pink Dolls"". ""Valley of the Dolls"" is considered to be a ""roman à clef"", with its characters based on famous figures such as Judy Garland, Carole Landis, Dean Martin, and Ethel Merman. In 1973, after

fully understand; and Jennifer North, a sweet-natured showgirl who wants only to be loved. As life becomes difficult, each woman grows increasingly dependent on ""dolls"", the amphetamines and barbiturates which, for a time, seem to help. Crossing their paths are such people as Helen Lawson, a brilliant, but ruthless, Broadway legend; Lyon Burke, a magnetic, but self-centered, theatrical attorney; Tony Polar, a child-like, but sexually aggressive, pop singer; Kevin Gillmore, a powerful, but lovesick, cosmetics tycoon; and Ted Casablanca, a potent, but opportunistic, fashion designer. Over the course of 20 eventful years (1945–1965), each of the women strives to ascend

Valley of the Dolls Valley of the Dolls is the first novel by American writer Jacqueline Susann. Published in 1966, the book was the biggest selling novel of its year. To date, it has sold more than 31 million copies, making it one of the best-selling works in publishing history. The novel tells the story of three young women who become fast friends in the turbulent post-war worlds of Broadway and Hollywood: Anne Welles, a reserved New England beauty who sees New York as the romantic city of her dreams; Neely O'Hara, an ebullient vaudevillian with a talent she doesn't

publication of her third novel, Susann said, ""They can keep calling it that [""roman à clef""]. It'll only make my books sell. I don't care."" Susann insisted that she began each book with a theme: ""Then I start asking, what kind of a personality? And because I have a good ear, I unconsciously pick up certain people."" Susann dedicated the book to her poodle Josephine, and to her husband Irving Mansfield. The book was published by Bernard Geis Associates on February 10, 1966, and ""took off like a Cape Canaveral space shot."" Although ""Publishers Weekly"", in an advance review, called

"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls"
Office. Meyer submitted the script to Richard Zanuck at Fox in September and Zanuck greenlit the film. Meyer said when Fox offered him the film ""I felt like I had pulled off the biggest caper in the world."" He described the film as ""a soap opera for young people, a cornocopia of wild, way-out now entertainment."" Roger Ebert revealed that many of the film's themes and characters were based upon real people and events, but because neither Ebert nor Russ Meyer actually met these people, their characterizations were based on pure speculation. The cast was composed almost entirely of unknowns.

The screenplay was written by Helen Deutsch (""National Velvet"") and Dorothy Kingsley (""Seven Brides for Seven Brothers""), and produced by Robson and David Weisbart. Reviews were scathing, but the film was an enormous box-office hit, becoming the sixth most popular of the year with $44 million at the domestic box office. Susann, who had a cameo as a news reporter, hated the film, reportedly telling director Robson that it was ""a piece of shit."" The novel was adapted for television in 1981 as ""Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls"", a mini-series executive-produced by Susann's widower Irving Mansfield and directed by

use his own writer, the critic Roger Ebert. Meyer says he and Ebert wrote a 127 page treatment in 10 days and the script in three weeks. Neither of them had read the novel but they watched the 1967 film and used the same formula: :Three young girls come to Hollywood, find fame and fortune, are threatened by sex, violence, and drugs, and either do or do not win redemption,"" according to Ebert. He later added ""We would include some of the sensational elements of the original story- homosexuality, crippling diseases, characters based on ""real"" people, events out of recent

weeks. With a total of 65 weeks on the list, the book became the best selling novel of 1966. By the time of Susann's death in 1974, it had entered the ""Guinness Book of World Records"" as the best selling novel in publishing history, with more than 17 million copies sold. By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies. In 1967, the book was adapted into a film of the same name, directed by Mark Robson (""Peyton Place""), and starring Barbara Parkins (as Anne), Patty Duke (Neely), Paul Burke (Lyon), Sharon Tate (Jennifer), and Susan Hayward (Helen).

"Jacqueline Susann"
of her own books. ""Valley of the Dolls"" spans twenty years (1945–1965) in the lives of three young women: Anne Welles, the New England beauty who liberates herself from her staid small town by coming to New York, where she falls in love with the dashing Lyon Burke; Neely O'Hara, an ebullient vaudevillian who becomes a Hollywood star and self-destructs; and Jennifer North, a showgirl with little talent but a gorgeous face and figure, who becomes a friend to both. All three women fall prey to the ""dolls,"" amphetamines and barbiturates, a euphemism which Susann coined. The book was published

him the time. Most of the film's music was written by Stu Phillips. Phillips adapted Paul Dukas' ""The Sorcerer's Apprentice"" for the psychedelic scene at Z-Man's house near the film's end. Members of the fictitious Carrie Nations neither sing nor play their own instruments in the film. Vocals for the lip-synced songs were performed by Lynn Carey, a blue-eyed soul singer based in Los Angeles. Carey's voice is showcased on the apocalyptic rocker ""Find It"" (by Stu Phillips and Carey), the earnest folk anthem ""Come With the Gentle People"" (by Stu Phillips and Bob Stone), the raunchy R&B of ""Sweet

"The Post (film)"
""Pentagon Papers"" case—among them James Greenfield, James Goodale, Allan Siegal, and Max Frankel—objected to the film's production due to the script's lack of emphasis on the ""Times"" role in breaking the story. Goodale, who was at the time the ""Times""s in-house counsel, later called the film ""a good movie but bad history."" The film began principal photography in New York on May 30, 2017. On June 6, 2017, it was announced that the project, retitled ""The Papers"", would also star Alison Brie, Carrie Coon, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, Sarah Paulson, Jesse Plemons, Matthew Rhys, Michael Stuhlbarg,

documents regarding the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War. Principal photography began in New York City in May 2017. The film premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017, and went into limited release in the United States on December 22, 2017. It entered wide release on January 12, 2018, and grossed $179 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews; critics praised the performances (particularly those of Streep, Hanks, and Odenkirk) and described the references and allusions to the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. ""The Post"" was chosen by the

National Board of Review as the best film of 2017 and was named as one of the top 10 films of the year by ""Time"" and the American Film Institute. The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Actress (for Streep) at the 90th Academy Awards, and also received six nominations at the 75th Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Actress – Drama (for Streep), Best Actor – Drama (for Hanks), Best Screenplay and Best Original Score. In 1966, during the Vietnam War, State Department military analyst Daniel Ellsberg accompanies American troops in combat,

Bradley Whitford, and Zach Woods. On August 25, 2017, the film's title reverted to ""The Post"". Spielberg finished the final cut of the film on November 6, 2017, with the final sound mix also completed along with the musical score a week later, on November 13. Writing for ""The New York Times"", Manohla Dargis indicated some high points in the costume design used in the film stating, ""The costume designer Ann Roth subtly brightens Katharine, taking her from leaden gray to free-flowing gold."". The score for the film was written by John Williams; it is his 28th collaboration with Spielberg.

22, 2017 and in physical form on January 12, 2018. ""The Post"" premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017. It began a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 22, 2017, and a wide release on January 12, 2018. The film is distributed internationally through Amblin Partners' distribution agreements with Universal Pictures, Reliance Entertainment, and Entertainment One Films. The film was released by Reliance in India. Tom Hanks expressed disinterest in appearing at a potential White House screening for Donald Trump. The first official image from ""The Post"" was released on October 31, 2017.

The music is a combination of traditional orchestral instrumentation and what Williams has called ""very light, computerised electronic effects."" Williams was originally attached to write the music for Spielberg's ""Ready Player One"", but, because both films had similar post-production schedules, Williams chose to work on ""The Post"", while Alan Silvestri composed for ""Ready Player One"". Spielberg has said that ""The Post"" was a rare instance in which he went to the recording sessions ""having not heard a note"" in advance. Recording began on October 30, 2017 in Los Angeles. The soundtrack was released digitally by Sony Classical Records on December

The Post (film) The Post is a 2017 American historical political thriller film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of ""The Washington Post"", with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys in supporting roles. Set in 1971, ""The Post"" depicts the true story of attempts by journalists at ""The Washington Post"" to publish the ""Pentagon Papers"", classified

the rights to the screenplay ""The Post"", written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on ""The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara"" after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. ""The Post"" is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film. Spielberg read the screenplay and decided to

The trailer for ""The Post"" premiered exclusively on ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"", on November 7, 2017, and the film's poster, designed by BLT Communications, was released the next day. The first TV spot, titled ""Uncover the Truth"", was released on November 21, 2017. ""The Post"" was released on Digital HD on April 3 and on Blu-ray/DVD April 17 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. ""The Post"" grossed $81.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $97.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $179.8 million, against a production budget of $50 million. During ""The Post""s

limited opening weekend, December 22 to 24, it grossed $526,011 (and a total of $762,057 over the four-day Christmas weekend) from nine theaters. The following weekend, the film grossed $561,080 for a per-theater average of $62,342, one of the highest of 2017. The film had its wide release alongside the openings of ""The Commuter"", ""Paddington 2"" and ""Proud Mary"", and was projected to gross around $20 million from 2,819 theaters over the weekend. It made $5.9 million on its first day and $18.6 million over the weekend (and a four-day MLK weekend total of $23.4 million), finishing second at the

"Taylor Momsen"
Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series ""Gossip Girl"" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer and frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless. Momsen was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents are Michael and Collette Momsen and she has a younger sister, Sloane Momsen, who is also an actress. She has Russian ancestry.

material for the third Pretty Reckless album. On September 29, 2016, the band released the single ""Take Me Down"", which reached number two on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart. The third album, ""Who You Selling For"" was released in October 2016. Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series ""Gossip Girl"" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer

"Maureen Teefy"
Maureen Teefy Maureen Jane Teefy (born October 26, 1953) is an American actress. Mostly active from 1979 through 1998, she may be best known for her appearances in the films ""Fame"" (1980), ""Grease 2"" (1982) and "" Supergirl"" (1984). Teefy was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, one of eight sisters in a large Irish Catholic family. Her mother was a nurse and her father was an insurance salesman. In 1971, she graduated from Washburn High School. Her first film role was a small part as a U.S.O. singer in the 1979 Steven Spielberg comedy ""1941"" and in the same year she

"Thora Birch"
Thora Birch Thora Birch (born March 11, 1982) is an American actress and producer. She made her film debut in ""Purple People Eater"" (1988), for which she won a Young Artist Award for ""Best Young Actress Under Nine Years of Age"", and rose to prominence as a child star with appearances in films such as ""All I Want for Christmas"" (1991), ""Patriot Games"" (1992), ""Hocus Pocus"" (1993), ""Monkey Trouble"" (1994), ""Now and Then"" (1995), and ""Alaska"" (1996). Her breakthrough role came in 1999 when she played Jane Burnham in the highly acclaimed film ""American Beauty"", for which she earned a

"Heidi Zeigler"
Heidi Zeigler Heidi Zeigler (born March 26, 1979) is a former child actress from the United States. Zeigler's most notable roles were in the television series ""Rags to Riches"" (1986–1988) and ""Just the Ten of Us"" (1988–1990). Beginning her career at age three, she appeared in approximately 20–30 national commercials (for products including Barbie, Kraft Cheese, Kool-Aid, Cheerios, McDonald's, and Clorox) before being cast at age four in TV's ""Mr. Mom"" (starring Barry Van Dyke). ""Mr. Mom"" did not survive past its pilot episode. At five, Zeigler landed roles in two television movies, """" (starring Jeff Goldblum and Cloris Leachman)

"Kerri Green"
break from acting to study art at Vassar College, where she was roommates with Marisa Tomei's brother, Adam, and with ""BioShock"" developer Ken Levine. Green eventually co-founded a film production company, Independent Women Artists, with Bonnie Dickenson. With Dickenson, she co-wrote and directed the film adaptation of a play about teen pregnancy called ""Bellyfruit"" (1999). Kerri Green Kerri Lee Green (born January 14, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in ""The Goonies"" and ""Lucas"". Green was born on January 14, 1967 in Fort Lee, New Jersey. She grew up in Woodcliff Lake, and attended

"Lyn Peters"
Lyn Peters Evelyn Anne Peters (c. 1941 – September 10, 2013) was an Argentine-born British-American model, actress and caterer. She is best known for her television work during the 1960s and 1970s, including ""Get Smart"", ""Hogan's Heroes"", and ""Batman"". She also appeared in film roles as well, including ""In Like Flint"" in 1967 and ""Grave of the Vampire"", which was released in 1972. Peters was the widow of American actor Paul Burke, who died in 2009. Peters was born in Argentina, and raised and educated in London. She worked as a fashion model before moving to Los Angeles, California to

"Debbie Lee Carrington"
thriller ""Bitch Slap"". Debbie Lee Carrington Deborah ""Debbie"" Lee Carrington (December 14, 1959 March 23, 2018) was an American actress and stuntwoman known for her diminutive size due to dwarfism. She was born in San Jose, California; her father was an insurance manager and her mother was a schoolteacher. She appeared in many films and TV shows, including ""In Living Color"", ""The Drew Carey Show"", ""Return of the Jedi"", ""Howard the Duck"", ""Tracey Takes On..."", ""Total Recall"", ""Men in Black"", ""Seinfeld"", ""Baywatch"", ""Married... with Children"", ""Boston Legal"", ""The Garbage Pail Kids Movie"", ""Dexter"", and ""Bones"". In 2008, she filmed scenes

died in 2009. Lyn Peters died at her home in Palm Springs, California on September 10, 2013 at the age of 72. She was survived by three stepchildren, Paula, Paul and Dina. Her son Karl died in 1989. Lyn Peters Evelyn Anne Peters (c. 1941 – September 10, 2013) was an Argentine-born British-American model, actress and caterer. She is best known for her television work during the 1960s and 1970s, including ""Get Smart"", ""Hogan's Heroes"", and ""Batman"". She also appeared in film roles as well, including ""In Like Flint"" in 1967 and ""Grave of the Vampire"", which was released in

1992, citing her desire to attend public school. Heidi Zeigler Heidi Zeigler (born March 26, 1979) is a former child actress from the United States. Zeigler's most notable roles were in the television series ""Rags to Riches"" (1986–1988) and ""Just the Ten of Us"" (1988–1990). Beginning her career at age three, she appeared in approximately 20–30 national commercials (for products including Barbie, Kraft Cheese, Kool-Aid, Cheerios, McDonald's, and Clorox) before being cast at age four in TV's ""Mr. Mom"" (starring Barry Van Dyke). ""Mr. Mom"" did not survive past its pilot episode. At five, Zeigler landed roles in two television

"Dutch colonization of the Americas"
Wilmington, had already been renamed Fort Altena. Not all inhabitants of New Netherlands, Manahattan's first European colonizers, were ethnically Dutch, but in reality came from many European countries. Along with the large number of African native peoples—originally brought over bound by the shackles of slavehood—many New Netherlanders were Walloons, Huguenots, Germans, Scandinavian and English relocated from New England. In 1664, an English naval expedition ordered by Prince James, Duke of York and of Albany (later King James II & VII) sailed in the harbor at New Amsterdam, threatening to attack. Being greatly outnumbered, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant surrendered after negotiating favorable

the province of New Netherland. By 1610, the VOC had already commissioned English explorer Henry Hudson who, in an attempt to find the so-called northwest passage to the Indies, discovered and claimed for the VOC parts of the present-day United States and Canada. Hudson entered the Upper New York Bay by sailboat, heading up the Hudson River, which now bears his name. On March 27, 1614, the States General would move away from traditional monopolistic endeavors and take a new and freer approach to exploration and commercial development of the New World; the issuance of the ""General Charter for Those

articles of capitulation. The Province then took a new name, New York (from James's English title). Fort Orange was renamed Fort Albany (from James's Scottish title). The region between the lower Hudson and the Delaware was deeded to proprietors and called New Jersey. The loss of New Netherland led to the Second Anglo–Dutch War during 1665–1667. This conflict ended with the Treaty of Breda, which stipulated that the Dutch give up their claim to New Netherlands in exchange for Suriname. From 1673 to 1674, the territories were once again briefly captured by the Dutch in the Third Anglo–Dutch War, only

In 1624, the first colonists, mostly Walloons and their slaves-bound servants, arrived to New Netherland by the shipload, landing at Governors Island and initially dispensed to Fort Orange, Fort Wilhelmus and Kievets Hoek. In 1626, Director of the WIC Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape natives and started construction of Fort Amsterdam, which grew to become the main port and capital, New Amsterdam. The colony expanded to outlying areas at Pavonia, Brooklyn, Bronx, and Long Island. On the Connecticut River, Fort Huys de Goede Hoop was completed in 1633 at present day Hartford. By 1636, the

mostly as an outpost for trading in fur with the native Lenape tribespeople, but was later replaced by Fort Orange. Both forts were named in honor of the House of Orange-Nassau. By 1621, the United Provinces had charted a new company, a trading monopoly in the Americas and West Africa: the Dutch West India Company (""Westindische Compagnie"" or WIC). The WIC sought recognition as founders of the New World – which they ultimately did as founders of a new Province in 1623, New Netherland. That year, another Fort Nassau was built on the Delaware River near Gloucester City, New Jersey.

to be returned to England at the Treaty of Westminster. In 1674, Dutch navy captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz also briefly captured two forts in the French colony of Acadia, which he claimed as Dutch territory the new colony of New Holland. However, Aernoutsz's appointed administrator, John Rhoades, quickly lost control of the territory after Aernoutsz himself left for Curaçao to seek out new settlers, and with effective control of Acadia remaining in the hands of France, Dutch sovereignty existed only on paper until the Netherlands surrendered their claim in the Treaties of Nijmegen. Dutch colonization in the Caribbean started in the

"New Holland (Acadia)"
New Holland (Acadia) New Holland (Nova Hollandia) was a colony established by Dutch naval captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz upon seizing the capital of Acadia, Fort Pentagouet in Penobscot Bay (present day Castine, Maine), and several other Acadian villages during the Franco-Dutch War. The Dutch imprisoned the Governor of Acadia Jacques de Chambly. The French and native allies under the command of St. Castin regained control of the area the following year in 1675, however, a year later the Dutch West India Company appointed Cornelis Steenwijck, a Dutch merchant in New York, governor of the ""coasts and countries of Nova Scotia and

order to gain access to Long Island Sound. Block Island and Block Island Sound are befittingly named in his honor. Upon his return to Amsterdam in 1614, Block compiled a map, and applied the name 'New Netherland' for the first time to the area between English Virginia and French Canada, where he was later granted exclusive trading rights by the Dutch government. Block quickly ascended and became Manhattan's first monopolist. After some early trading expeditions, the first Dutch settlement in the Americas was founded in 1615: Fort Nassau, on Castle Island along the Hudson, near present-day Albany. The settlement served

While the coast remained under Dutch control, the English established plantations west of the Suriname River. Conflict between the two countries meant parts of the region changed hands a number of times, but by 1796 Britain had control of the region. The Netherlands ceded the colonies of Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice to Britain in 1814. The colony in Suriname had originally been founded in the 1650s by Lord Francis Willoughby, the British governor of Barbados. It was captured by the Dutch under Abraham Crijnsen during the Second Anglo–Dutch War. On July 31, 1667, under the Treaty of Breda the Dutch

English from Newtown (now Cambridge, Massachusetts) settled on the north side of the Little River. In the Treaty of Hartford, the border of New Netherland was retracted to western Connecticut and by 1653, the English had overtaken the Dutch trading post. Expansion along the Delaware River beyond Fort Nassau did not begin until the 1650s, after the takeover of a Swedish colony, obviously called New Sweden which had been established at Fort Christina in 1638. Settlements at Fort Nassau and the short-lived Fort Beversreede were abandoned and consolidated at Fort Casimir. By 1655 Fort Christina, sitting in what is today

"Mission: Impossible (soundtrack)"
theme music, the contribution of The Cranberries and the three Danny Elfman score suites) are actually heard in the movie. Mission: Impossible (soundtrack) Mission: Impossible: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the official soundtrack for 1996 film, """". The soundtrack was a success, peaking at No. 16 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and spawning the top-10 hit """" by U2 members Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, Jr.. """" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of 500,000 copies on July 2, 1996 while the soundtrack reached gold status just two weeks later on

Mission: Impossible (soundtrack) Mission: Impossible: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the official soundtrack for 1996 film, """". The soundtrack was a success, peaking at No. 16 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and spawning the top-10 hit """" by U2 members Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, Jr.. """" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of 500,000 copies on July 2, 1996 while the soundtrack reached gold status just two weeks later on July 16. Note: Only five of the fifteen tracks on the album (Clayton & Mullen's first rendition of Lalo Schifrin's

"Mission: Impossible"
six-disc boxed set of the series' original music. An electronic dance version of the theme by U2 bandmates Larry Mullen, Jr. and Adam Clayton was released in 1996 to coincide with the release of the first ""Mission: Impossible"" movie. The single was a success, and it was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance (losing out to Béla Fleck and the Flecktones' ""The Sinister Minister""). A key inspiration for Geller in creating the series was the 1964 Jules Dassin film ""Topkapi"", innovative for its coolly existential depiction of an elaborate heist. Geller switched the story away from

"Mission: Impossible (film)"
they were fueled by the director excusing himself at the last moment from scheduled media interviews before the film's theatrical release. The film uses Lalo Schifrin's original """". Originally, Alan Silvestri was hired to write the film's score and had, in fact, recorded somewhere around 23 minutes of the score. During post-production, due to creative differences, Silvestri's music was rejected and replaced with new music by composer Danny Elfman. According to some sources, the decision to replace Silvestri was made by producer Tom Cruise. U2 bandmates Larry Mullen, Jr. and Adam Clayton were fans of the TV show and knew

"Theme from Mission: Impossible"
Theme from Mission: Impossible ""Theme from ""Mission: Impossible"""" is the theme tune of the TV series """" (1966–1973). The theme was written and composed by Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin and has since gone on to appear in several other works of the ""Mission: Impossible"" franchise, including the , the and the video game series. The theme is written in a time signature which Schifrin has jokingly explained as being ""for people who have five legs"". However, it should be noted that Schifrin started from the Morse Code for M.I. which is ""_ _ ..""; if a dot is one beat

was remade by U2 members Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, Jr. for the . The instrumental became a hit in the United States, peaking at number seven on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and receiving a gold certification, selling 500,000 copies there. It also peaked at number one in Finland, Hungary, and Iceland, number two in Australia and Ireland, and number seven on the UK Singles Chart. The ""Gavin Report"" wrote about the song: ""Those not familiar with this piece of music A) are under five years of age, B) have been living with Theodore Kaczynski for the past 25 years,

(2015) Japanese guitarist MIYAVI covered the theme. Theme from Mission: Impossible ""Theme from ""Mission: Impossible"""" is the theme tune of the TV series """" (1966–1973). The theme was written and composed by Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin and has since gone on to appear in several other works of the ""Mission: Impossible"" franchise, including the , the and the video game series. The theme is written in a time signature which Schifrin has jokingly explained as being ""for people who have five legs"". However, it should be noted that Schifrin started from the Morse Code for M.I. which is ""_ _

Schifrin-scored episodes, in part because he was helping to launch Geller's new series ""Mannix""). Schifrin was awarded two Grammys at the 10th Grammy Awards for his work on the first season (Best Instrumental Theme and Best Original Score for a Motion Picture or TV Show). He was also nominated for two Emmys (for the first and third seasons). Among the other composers to work on the series were Jerry Fielding, Walter Scharf, Gerald Fried, Richard Markowitz, Benny Golson, Robert Drasnin, and Hugo Montenegro. Gerald Fried worked on ""Mission: Impossible"" concurrently while working on the ""Star Trek"" television series and re-used

members—particularly electronics expert Barney Collier—making technical preparations for the mission, usually to the accompaniment of another easily recognizable tune called ""The Plot."" Lalo Schifrin also wrote a theme piece for each main character and the sound track for each episode incorporated variations of these throughout. Even when an episode's score is credited to some other composer, Desilu's music supervisor Jack Hunsacker would re-edit it, adding Schifrin melodies from the library. The series had great impact on film and TV music. Before ""Mission: Impossible,"" a common compliment was along the lines of ""the score worked very well but never got in

the original theme music well, but were nervous about remaking Schifrin's legendary theme song. Clayton put together his own version in New York City and Mullen did his in Dublin on weekends between U2 recording sessions. The two musicians were influenced by Brian Eno and the European dance club scene sound of the recently finished album ""Passengers"". They allowed Polygram to pick its favorite and they wanted both. In a month, they had two versions of the song and five remixed by DJs. All seven tracks appeared on a limited edition vinyl release. The song entered the top 10 of

"The Last of the Mohicans (soundtrack)"
The Last of the Mohicans (soundtrack) The Last of the Mohicans is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. Director Michael Mann initially asked Trevor Jones to provide an electronic score for the film, but late in the game, it was decided an orchestral score would be more appropriate for this historic epic. Jones hurried to re-fashion the score for orchestra in the limited time left, while the constant re-cutting of the film meant music cues sometimes had to be rewritten several times to keep up with the new timings. Finally, with the release date looming, composer

Randy Edelman was called in to score some minor scenes which Jones did not have time to do. Jones and Edelman received co-credit on the film (thus making the score ineligible for Oscar consideration). The main theme of the movie is the tune ""The Gael"" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean from his 1990 album ""The Search"". The score was re-recorded and re-released in 2000 to address some perceived problems with its original incarnation. The tracks were reordered into their onscreen chronology (the original album separated the Jones material from that composed by Edelman), some additional cues were added, and Clannad's

"The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)"
and Randy Edelman, and the song ""I Will Find You"" by Clannad. The main theme of the film is taken from the tune ""The Gael"" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean. Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, ""The Last of the Mohicans"" was met with positive reviews and commercial success during its box-office run. The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York. British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany. He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of

"The Last of the Mohicans"
The Last of the Mohicans The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 (1826) is a historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper. It is the second book of the ""Leatherstocking Tales"" pentalogy and the best known to contemporary audiences. ""The Pathfinder"", published 14 years later in 1840, is its sequel. ""The Last of the Mohicans"" is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America. During this war, both the French and the British used Native American allies, but the French were particularly dependent,

of the story in 1952-3 (remade in 1973-4). This adaptation is heavily influenced by American movies and western comics and is filled with absurd humor and anachronistic jokes. An English translation of Sugiura's 1973-4 version including a lengthy essay on Sugiura's artistic influences was published in the United States in 2013. The Last of the Mohicans The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 (1826) is a historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper. It is the second book of the ""Leatherstocking Tales"" pentalogy and the best known to contemporary audiences. ""The Pathfinder"", published 14 years later in 1840, is

Mohicans"" has been James Fenimore Cooper's most popular work. It has continued as one of the most widely read novels throughout the world, and it has influenced popular opinion about American Indians and the frontier period of eastern American history. The romanticized images of the strong, fearless, and ever resourceful frontiersman (i.e., Natty Bumppo), as well as the stoic, wise, and noble ""red man"" (i.e., Chingachgook) were notions derived from Cooper's characterizations more than from anywhere else. The phrase, ""the last of the Mohicans"", has come to represent the sole survivor of a noble race or type. In the ""M*A*S*H""

""I Will Find You"" was no longer included. Music from the track ""Promentory"" was used for a fall 2007 Nike television commercial featuring NFL players Shawne Merriman and Steven Jackson, also directed by Michael Mann. Tracks 1–9 are composed by Trevor Jones except for the main theme which is composed by Dougie MacLean; tracks 10–15 are by Randy Edelman. ""Note:"" Clannad did a full version of ""I Will Find You"" on their album ""Banba"". The Last of the Mohicans (soundtrack) The Last of the Mohicans is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. Director Michael Mann initially

1757, Lieutenant Colonel George Monro became garrison commander of Fort William Henry, located on Lake George (New York) in the Province of New York. In early August, Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort. On 2 August General Webb, who commanded the area from his base at Fort Edward, sent 200 regulars and 800 Massachusetts militia to reinforce the garrison at William Henry. In the novel, this is the relief column with which Monro's daughters travel. Monro sent messengers south to Fort Edward on 3 August requesting reinforcements, but Webb refused to send any of his

York, which his father had established on what was then a western frontier of settlement; it developed after the Revolutionary War. Cooper set this novel during the Seven Years' War, an international conflict between Great Britain and France, which had a front in North America known by the Anglo-American colonists as the French and Indian War. The conflict arrayed British colonial settlers and minimal regular forces against royal French forces, with both sides also relying on Native American allies. The war was fought primarily along the frontiers of the British colonies from Virginia to Nova Scotia. In the spring of

and ultimately capture the Huron village, but Magua escapes with Cora and two other Hurons; Uncas, Hawk-eye, and Heyward pursue them up to a high mountain. In a fight at the edge of a cliff, Cora, Uncas, and Magua are killed. The novel concludes with a lengthy account of the funerals of Uncas and Cora, and Hawk-eye reaffirms his friendship with Chingachgook. Tamenund prophesies: ""The pale-faces are masters of the earth, and the time of the red-men has not yet come again..."". According to Susan Fenimore Cooper, the author's eldest daughter, Cooper first conceived the idea for the book while

"History of street lighting in the United States"
offered three smaller Silverliners. The OV-12 (whose look resembles a miniature OV-50) came out in 1960, and it became the companion model to the Canadian-market OV-14B, which had been introduced in 1957. The OV-14B looks like a smaller version of the 1957-edition OV-25. Both the OV-12 and OV-14B were replaced by the OV-15 in 1965. These smaller fixtures carried 100–250 watt light bulbs. The second-generation M400 and M250 were the first fixtures to sport the new high pressure sodium (HPS) lights that came out in 1966. The existing Silverliners could not handle these new lights, so Westinghouse developed a new

for street lighting is that they are large, and produce a diffused non-directional light. They are also rather fragile. Therefore, the fixtures needed to be large, and could not be mounted more than 20–30 feet above the pavement if they were to produce an acceptable light level. Fluorescent lamps quickly fell out of favor for main street lighting, but remained popular for parking lot and outside building illumination for roadside establishments. In 1948, the first regular production mercury vapor (MV) streetlight assembly was developed. It was deemed a major improvement over the incandescent light bulb, and shone much brighter than

popular during the 1930s and 1940s, when automobile travel began to flourish. A street with lights was referred to as a ""white way"" during the early 20th century. Part of New York City's Broadway was nicknamed the ""Great White Way"" due to the massive number of electric lights used on theater marquees lining the street. The two main competitors in the street lighting industry were General Electric and Westinghouse. During the 1950s, the most common lanterns in the local street lighting industry were Form 109 and later, Form 400 made by General Electric, and OV-20 made by Westinghouse. In 1957,

incandescent or fluorescent lights. Initially people disliked them because their bluish-green light made people look like they had the blood drained from them. Other disadvantages are that a significant portion of their light output is ultraviolet, and they ""depreciate""; that is, they get steadily dimmer and dimmer with age while using the same amount of energy, and in a few rare instances, they also cycle at the end of their life cycles. Even rarer is they can burn out, especially when the light is being burned while dim (usually at the end of the life cycle). Mercury lamps developed in

the mid-1960s were coated with a special material made of phosphors inside the bulb to help correct the lack of orange/red light from mercury vapor lamps (increasing the color rendering index(CRI)). The UV light excites the phosphor, producing a more ""white"" light. These are known as ""color corrected"" lamps. Most go by the deluxe (DX) designation on the lamp and have a white appearance to the bulb. Mercury Vapor Bulbs come in either clear or coated with powers of 50, 75, 100, 175, 250, 400, 700 or 1,000 Watts. The Mercury Vapor lamp is considered obsolete by today's standards and

lamps in the near future, because they are known to last longer than newer luminaires. In some areas where the MV lights are either failing or being replaced, they are being replaced by either HPS, LED, or Induction fixtures of similar lumen output, but also lower wattages and power consumption as well. Around 1970, a new streetlight was invented: The high pressure sodium (HPS) light. They became common in the late 1980s. It was initially disliked by most residents because of its orange glow, but the sodium vapor streetlight has since become the dominant type on American roadways and most

continued to take streetlighting to new heights. GE was a pioneer in the full-cutoff arena, when it created a spinoff of the popular M400 and the rarer M250 in 1975. This fixture is noted for its pointed front end and lack of a diffuser. In addition, high-mast assemblies were developed for the light towers that were springing up along Interstate highways. In 1988, ITT/American Electric also created spinoffs of its Model 13 and 25. These new fixtures, called the 113 and 125, had a more-rounded look than their respective predecessors. While the Model 125 continues production today, the Model 113

OV-25, as well as a new OV-15. Both of these new Silverliners (also known as TuDors, and were similar to GE's popular PowrDoor series described above) now had a flat bottom, and weren't nearly as popular as the originals. However, by 1975, all Silverliners, including the single-door OV-15 and OV-25, were available as HPS units. More new manufacturers entered the streetlighting industry. ITT (also known as American Electric, or ITT/American Electric) developed two new fixtures, the Model 13 and Model 25. The Model 25 was later the basis for a larger lookalike, the Model 327. All three fixtures had a

lamp where a small current causes a gas in the tube to glow. The typical glow is strong in ultraviolet but weak in visible light. The glass envelope is coated in a mixture of phosphors that are excited by the ultraviolet light and emit visible light. Fluorescent lamps are much more efficient than incandescent lamps, and for a short time became popular in street lighting both because of the efficiency and the novelty value. Fluorescent lamps for street lighting were first introduced to the public for commercial uses at the 1939 World's Fair. The major problems with standard fluorescent lamps

"Preferred metric sizes"
States, the alcohol industry switched to metric bottle sizes on October 1, 1976, abandoning the existing 38 sizes of bottles and instead adopting the following sizes: See Also: System 32 is a standard for the design and manufacture of furniture, most commonly used in the design of cabinets, wherein the major parts (sides, doors, etc.) are available in increments of 32 mm, and shelf supports consist of columns of 5 mm holes on 32 mm centers. The ISO 2848 basic module is a unit of 100 mm, often represented by a single capital ""M"", along with 300 mm and 600

"Pint glass"
glass holds 16 oz. to its rim. With a half inch of foam, the actual liquid fill is roughly 14 oz. Recently (as of 2008), some restaurants have replaced 16-ounce pint glasses (473 mL) with 14 ouncers (415 mL) to which customers have objected. In response to this, legislation has been introduced in the state of Michigan (known for its craft brewing culture) to require bars to serve 16-ounce pints. It is increasingly common to find pint glasses which contain markings on the base; very often these glasses are branded to one particular beer. The markings themselves are formed from

present, the capacity line. There are no legally prescribed sizes for beer volumes, but the stated capacities, which are a legal requirement, must be formally tested by the hotelliers and breweries. In Canada, Federal law mandates a standard imperial pint. However, this law is rarely enforced, and establishments typically sell US pints or other measures as ""pints."" The Republic of Ireland uses the imperial 20 fl oz pint measure (≈568 ml), where legal metrology marks are used to show that a glass has passed inspection by the National Standards Authority of Ireland, a state-run body which enforces a number of

Pint
varies, but usually contains 425 ml. In Canada, the ""pint of beer"" served in pubs and bars has long been considered a colloquial term for ""a large glass of beer"". Legally speaking, after 1873, it was defined as one British imperial pint of 20 imperial ounces. On the other hand, the United States continued to use a smaller 16 imperial ounce pint, while in French Canada after 1873 a ""pinte de bière"" was defined as a much larger 40 ounce quart of beer, so confusion arose to which was being used. Prior to 1961, bottled beer in Canada was served

certain steps be taken to ensure that a pint of beer is indeed a pint. Though this can be achieved using ""metered dispense"" (calibrated pumps), the more common solution is to use certified one-pint glasses. Until recently these had a crown stamp indicating that the certification had been done by an agency of the Crown. The number etched upon the glasses stands for the manufacturing company or site. Most pint glasses used in the United Kingdom today have actually been produced in France. Under the EU Measuring Instruments Directive (Directive 2004/22/EC), the certification of measuring instruments and devices used in

Pint
16 ounce American traditional pint. Under the Canada Weights and Measures Act, if asked for a ""pint of beer"", businesses should serve customers 0.568 litres of beer with an accuracy of 0.5%, and if asked for a ""pinte de bière"" they should serve them 1.136 litres. The Imperial system of measurement is no longer taught in Canadian schools, which leads to confusion when customers ask how big a drinking establishment's pints are. Servers and even managers may not know. To avoid legal issues, many drinking establishments are moving away from using the term ""pint"" and are selling ""glasses"" or ""sleeves""

"Glass code"
U.S. military standard MIL-G-174, and is a six-digit number specifying the glass according to its refractive index ""n"" at the Fraunhofer d- (or D-) line, and its Abbe number ""V"" also taken at that line. The resulting glass code is the value of ""n""-1 rounded to three digits, followed by ""V"" rounded to three digits, with all decimal points ignored. For example, BK7 has ""n"" = 1.5168 and ""V"" = 64.17, giving a six-digit glass code of 517642. The following table shows some example glasses and their glass code. Note that the glass properties can vary slightly between different manufacturer

beer manufacture's glass. After the reform in the alcohol taxes in July 2012 the tax rate doubled. Each liter of beer is charged with 4.2nis tax. In order to avoid raising prices at the pubs, and as a result, the loss of customers, a new ""magic"" appeared, called ""pint"". The customers don't really know the vague term of a pint, and it varies from place to place. Some of the places didn't even change the menu, and it's served as 500 ml. In the United States, a pint is 16 US fluid ounces (473 mL). However, the typical conical ""pint""

"M&M's"
""Melts in your mouth, not in your hand."" A traditional milk chocolate M&M weighs about 0.91 grams / 0.032 ounces and has about 4.7 kilocalories (kcal) of food energy (1.7 kcal from fat). Forrest Mars, Sr., son of the Mars Company founder, Frank C. Mars, copied the idea for the candy in the 1930s during the Spanish Civil War when he saw soldiers eating British-made Smarties, chocolate pellets with a colored shell of what confectioners call hard panning (essentially hardened sugar syrup) surrounding the outside, preventing the candies from melting. Mars received a patent for his own process on March

"ISO 2848"
A related standard is British Standard 6750. The standard unit of ISO 2848 is a basic module, a length of which is represented in the standards by the letter M. Adherence to the standard means that major dimensions such as grid lines on drawings, distances between wall centres or surfaces, widths of shelves and kitchen components are multiples of the basic module. As dimensions increase, preference is given to lengths which are multiples of 3 (see ), 6, 12, 15, 30 and 60 basic modules. For smaller dimensions, the submodular increments M (see ) and M are preferred. A metric

"Geography of Beijing"
N and 116° 23' 30"" E, Beijing shares roughly the same latitude as Denver, Indianapolis, Columbus (Ohio), Philadelphia, Ankara, Bukhara, as well as Jiayuguan, Yumen, and Jiuquan in Gansu. The city lines up at about the same longitude as Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia; Dezhou, Shandong; Yongcheng, Henan; Lu'an, Anhui; Linchuan, Jiangxi; Changting, Fujian; Jieyang, Guangdong; Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; and Mataram, Indonesia. The latitude of the municipality ranges from 39° 27' to 41° 03' N and in longitude from 115° 25' to 117° 30' E. Beijing's antipode is located in the eastern part of Río Negro Province, Argentina, inland from Viedma. Geography

Beijing
standardized with both Chinese and English names displayed, with location names using pinyin, in 2008. Beijing's primary airport is the Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK) about northeast of the city center. The airport is the second busiest airport in the world after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. After renovations for the 2008 Olympics, the airport now boasts three terminals, with Terminal 3 being one of the largest in the world. Most domestic and nearly all international flights arrive at and depart from Capital Airport. It is the main hub for Air China and a hub for China Southern and Hainan

Beijing
resided in urban districts or suburban townships and 2.897 million lived in rural villages. The encompassing metropolitan area was estimated by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, , a population of 24.9 million. Within China, the city ranked second in urban population after Shanghai and the third in municipal population after Shanghai and Chongqing. Beijing also ranks among the most populous cities in the world, a distinction the city has held for much of the past 800 years, especially during the 15th to early 19th centuries when it was the largest city in the world. About

Beijing
major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, , the city's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world. Combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest

Beijing
Beijing, on the plains in the south-central of the municipality with elevation of , occupies a relatively small but expanding portion of the municipality's area. The city spreads out in concentric ring roads. The Second Ring Road traces the old city walls and the Sixth Ring Road connects satellite towns in the surrounding suburbs. Tian'anmen and Tian'anmen Square are at the center of Beijing, directly to the south of the Forbidden City, the former residence of the emperors of China. To the west of Tian'anmen is Zhongnanhai, the residence of China's current leaders. Chang'an Avenue, which cuts between Tiananmen and

Beijing
Beijing </ref> (1st)—very high Beijing (; Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a

Beijing
such as heavy traffic, poor air quality, the loss of historic neighborhoods, and a significant influx of migrant workers from less-developed rural areas of the country. Beijing has also been the location of many significant events in recent Chinese history, principally the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The city has also hosted major international events, including the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2015 World Championships in Athletics, and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, making it the first city to ever host both Winter and Summer Olympics. Beijing is situated at the northern tip of the roughly triangular

Beijing
an evergreen in the cypress family and the Pagoda Tree, also called the Chinese scholar tree, a deciduous tree of the ""Fabaceae"" family. The oldest scholar tree in the city was planted in what is now Beihai Park during the Tang dynasty, 1,300 years ago. Beijing </ref> (1st)—very high Beijing (; Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the

winter, winds from the northwest must cross the mountains that shield the city, keeping the city warmer than other locations of similar latitude in China. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn, like spring, sees little rain but is crisp and short. January averages , while July averages . Annual precipitation is around , falling mostly in the summer months. Extremes have ranged from . In 2005, the total precipitation was , a majority of which occurred in the summer. With coordinates of 39° 54' 50

Beijing
population are ethnic Han Chinese. Of the 800,000 ethnic minorities living in the capital, Manchu (336,000), Hui (249,000), Korean (77,000), Mongol (37,000) and Tujia (24,000) constitute the five largest groups. In addition, there were 8,045 Hong Kong residents, 500 Macau residents, and 7,772 Taiwan residents along with 91,128 registered foreigners living in Beijing. A study by the Beijing Academy of Sciences estimates that in 2010 there were on average 200,000 foreigners living in Beijing on any given day including students, business travellers and tourists are not counted as registered residents. In 2017 the Chinese government implemented population controls for Beijing

"Mexico men's national ice hockey team"
Mexico men's national ice hockey team The Mexican national ice hockey team () is the national men's ice hockey team of Mexico. It is governed by the Federación Deportiva de Mexico de Hockey sobre Hielo and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Mexico is currently ranked 36th in the world rankings and compete in the IIHF World Championship Division II Group B. Mexico joined the IIHF on 30 April 1985. They played its first game in 2000 during the 2000 World Championships, losing to Belgium (5–0). Since then they have participated in every World Championship and are

"Mexico at the 2018 Winter Paralympics"
Mexico at the 2018 Winter Paralympics Mexico participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Their sole competitor is para-alpine skier Arly Velásquez. This marks their fourth Winter Paralympics. They first went to the 2006 Winter Paralympics in Turin. Mexico's best winter sport is para-alpine skiing. As mentioned the teams sole representative is para-alpine skier Arly Velásquez. The table below contains the list of members of people (called ""Team Mexico"") that will be participating in the 2018 Games. Mexico arrives in Pyeongchang to compete in their fourth Winter Paralympics. They first went to the 2006 Winter Paralympics in

Turin. Mexico's best winter sport is para-alpine skiing. Arly Velásquez will be competing at his third Paralympics in Pyeongchang. He went to the 2010 and 2014 Winter Paralympics. He had a big accident at the 2014 Games. Prior to the 2018 Games, Velásquez lived in Europe for six months. This was to prepare for the 2018 Games. Velásquez started alpine skiing in 2008. Velásquez was born in Cancún. When he was a child, he moved to the United States. When he was a 12-year-old, he was in a mountain biking accident. Because of the accident, he could not use his

"Mexico at the FIFA World Cup"
(Spain). In addition, it withdrew from the finals in 1938 (France), and was banned by FIFA from entering the 1990 World Cup (Italy) after fielding over-aged players during the 1988 Olympic Games qualifiers, which was a youth tournament. The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the ""World Cup Finals""). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation

legs. He continues to cycle. Velásquez has represented Mexico internationally in the sport. The first event on the para-alpine program is the downhill and started on 10 March. People ski from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers will race between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March. The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race

"Mexico national football team"
Mexico national football team The Mexico national football team () represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation (). It competes as a member of CONCACAF, which encompasses the countries of North and Central America, and the Caribbean. The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca. Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994, making it one of six countries to do so. The Mexico national team, along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World

"Mexico at the 2010 Winter Olympics"
Mexico at the 2010 Winter Olympics Mexico participated in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, after not having any competitors in the 2006 competition. Mexico first competed in the Winter Olympics in 1928, but then not again until 1984. No Mexican athlete has yet won a medal in the Winter Olympics. Hubertus von Hohenlohe represented Mexico in the men's slalom. Hohenlohe previously competed in 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1994. A descendant of Austrian royalty, and also Mexican nobility on his father's maternal side, he founded Mexico's skiing federation in 1981. He qualified for the 2006 Olympics, but

currently in Division IIB. It is the only Latin American team that competes in the IIHF tournament. Mexico hosted the Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament in 2014, 2015 and 2016, losing to the Canada Selects once (7–0) and to Colombia twice (4–3 and 3–2 in a shootout) in the Pan American Tournament final three times. Mexico men's national ice hockey team The Mexican national ice hockey team () is the national men's ice hockey team of Mexico. It is governed by the Federación Deportiva de Mexico de Hockey sobre Hielo and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).

during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17–18 March. Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions. Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end. Mexico at the 2018 Winter Paralympics Mexico participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Their sole competitor is para-alpine skier Arly Velásquez. This marks their fourth Winter

described as an ""embarrassment, an accident of football"". At the 2017 Confederations Cup, Mexico was drawn into Group A along with Portugal, New Zealand, and hosts Russia. El Tri advanced as runners-up of the group, and lost 4–1 to Germany in the semi-finals. Mexico finished fourth in the tournament, losing 2–1 to Portugal in the third-place match. In their opening match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Mexico defeated defending champion Germany, 1–0, for the first time in a World Cup match. They would go on to defeat South Korea 2–1 in the next game, with goals from Carlos Vela

"Lost City of Z"
undertook a personal expedition to find the city, but withdrew after suffering a fever and having to shoot his pack animal. On a second expedition five years later, Fawcett, his son Jack, and Jack's friend Raleigh Rimell, disappeared in the Mato Grosso jungle. Researchers believe that Fawcett may have been influenced in his thinking by information he might have obtained from indigenous people about the archaeological site of Kuhikugu, near the headwaters of the Xingu River. Kuhikugu was discovered by Westerners after Fawcett's presumed death in the jungle in 1925. The site contains the ruins of an estimated twenty towns

"The Lost City of Z (film)"
Fawcett goes to France to fight. Manley dies in the trenches at the Battle of the Somme, and Fawcett is temporarily blinded in a chlorine gas attack. Jack, Fawcett's eldest son—who had long accused Fawcett of abandoning the family—reconciles with his father as he recovers. In 1923, Fawcett is living in obscurity in Britain. North American interest in exploring the Amazon has reached fever pitch, primarily due to Fawcett's stories of the lost city. John D. Rockefeller Jr. and a consortium of US newspapers finance a new expedition by Fawcett. The RGS co-funds the expedition at the last moment to

rubber plantation in the jungle owned by the Portuguese nobleman Baron de Gondoris, the two meet Corporal Arthur Manley, who tells them that the British government advises against further exploration. Fawcett, with several guides and the Amazonian scout Tadjui, completes the mission. Tadjui tells Fawcett stories about a jungle city covered in gold and full of people. Fawcett dismisses such stories as insane ravings, but discovers highly advanced broken pottery and some small stone statues in the jungle that convince him of the veracity of Tadjui's story. Fawcett is praised upon his return, where his wife, Nina, has given birth

also not wholly of the Amazon. They declare that the spirits of the Fawcetts ""must belong"" somewhere and they will help them find their rightful place. Fawcett and Jack are drugged during a ceremony and carried away. Some years later, Nina Fawcett meets with Keltie, claiming she has heard that Fawcett and Jack are still alive and are living among tribespeople. The RGS, having sent more than a hundred people to search for Fawcett in the intervening years, declines to send another expedition. Keltie advises Nina to come to terms with her husband's death, but she refuses. Nina instead opens

along the river. However, Fawcett makes peace with the natives. Murray suffers a leg injury which becomes severely infected, and begins to go mad. Fawcett sends him off with a native guide and the group's last pack animal to find aid. Fawcett's team are forced to abandon the expedition after discovering that Murray poured paraffin on their remaining supplies. Murray survives and, in front of the RGS trustees, accuses Fawcett of abandoning him in the jungle and demands an apology from him. Fawcett elects to resign from the society rather than apologize. World War I breaks out in Europe, and

brings down the stag swiftly but is snubbed at the after-hunt party. A year later, Fawcett is sent to London to meet with officials of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS). The governments of Bolivia and Brazil are nearly at war over the location of their mutual boundary and its direct effect on the region's extremely lucrative rubber trade, and have asked the British government to survey it. Fawcett agrees to lead the survey party to restore his family's good name. Aboard a ship to Brazil, Fawcett meets Corporal Henry Costin, who has knowledge of the Amazon rainforest. At a large

The Lost City of Z (film) The Lost City of Z is a 2016 American biographical adventure drama film written and directed by James Gray, based on the 2009 book of the same name by David Grann. It portrays real events surrounding the British explorer Percy Fawcett, who was sent to Brazil and made several attempts to find a supposed ancient lost city in the Amazon. The film stars Charlie Hunnam as Fawcett; Robert Pattinson as his fellow explorer, Henry Costin; and Sienna Miller as his wife, Nina Fawcett. The film's world premiere was on October 15, 2016 as the

closing-night selection at the New York Film Festival. It was released in the United States on April 14, 2017, by Amazon Studios and Bleecker Street. ""The Lost City of Z"" was praised by critics, though it grossed only $19 million against a $30 million budget. Despite this lack of financial success, ""Time"" magazine listed it as one of its Top 10 Films of 2017. Ireland, 1905: Percy Fawcett is a young British officer participating in a stag hunt on an Irish baronial estate for the benefit of the visiting Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. A skilled horseman and marksman, he

"City of the Lost"
Several weeks later, after waking from a four-day coma, Casey seeks out Blaine who she blames for leaving her for dead and not calling the police, as she was only found hours after the attack by a drunken stranger. He has since denied abandoning her, claiming they split up. When he continues to refuse to apologize or take responsibility for his actions, she shoots him in the heat of the moment, killing him. Afterwards, she throws away the gun and calls 911 anonymously, giving a description of the gang members. She is never caught. Twelve years later, Casey is a

Lost City of Z The Lost City of Z is the name given by Col. Percy Harrison Fawcett, a British surveyor, to an indigenous city that he believed had existed in the jungle of the Mato Grosso state of Brazil. Based on early histories of South America and his own explorations of the Amazon River region, Fawcett theorized that a complex civilization once existed there, and that isolated ruins may have survived. Fawcett found a document known as , held at the National Library of Brazil, believed to have been written by Portuguese ""bandeirante"", João da Silva Guimarães. Da Silva

"Black Panther (soundtrack)"
by Interscope Records on February 9, 2018, to large sales, including the top position on the ""Billboard 200"" chart. It was praised by many critics as a milestone for film soundtracks due to its ideas and lyrics, but it was considered by some to be weaker than his solo work. Göransson's score was released as Black Panther (Original Score) by Hollywood Records on February 16, and received praise for being unique among Marvel Cinematic Universe scores due to its authentic African elements and thematic material, though the album presentation was criticized as too long. Ryan Coogler signed on to direct

refined the piece with input from the studio, and noted that it was much more minimalistic than his usual work with a focus on hinting at power rather than overstating. A vinyl version of the album was released in early May 2018. Credits adapted from liner notes and digital booklet: Notes Credits adapted from digital booklet: Musicians Technical An album featuring Göransson's score was released digitally by Hollywood Records on February 16, 2018. A vinyl version of the score album was released on May 18. All music composed by Ludwig Göransson: All music composed by Ludwig Göransson: The soundtrack album

Sounwave noted that it was a challenge to balance all of the different styles of artists on the album, like the ""kerosene beats"" of SOB x RBE with ""Afrofuturist rapper"" Vince Staples, while remaining consistent with Lamar's previous work and also being accessible to all potential filmgoers. Lamar released the first single from his soundtrack album, ""All the Stars"", on January 4, 2018, in which he collaborated with fellow Top Dawg artist SZA. Shortly after, a new trailer for the film featured ""Opps"" by Lamar and Vince Staples. A second song by Lamar with Jay Rock, Future, and James Blake

"Black Panther (film)"
songs that are heard in the film as well as others that are inspired by it, with the other artists featured the majority of ""top-billing names"" under Top Dawg Entertainment. Göransson collaborated with Lamar and producer Sounwave on the soundtrack. Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: ""All the Stars"", ""King's Dead"", and ""Pray for Me"". ""Black Panther: The Album"" was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16. An extended play titled ""Black Panther: Wakanda Remixed"", featuring remixes of five cues from Göransson's score, was released

Black Panther (soundtrack) The soundtrack for the 2018 American superhero film ""Black Panther"", based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and produced by Marvel Studios, consists of an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson and original songs produced by Kendrick Lamar. Göransson worked on all of director Ryan Coogler's previous films, while Lamar and Coogler had previously discussed collaborating and the musician agreed to produce several songs for the film after seeing an early version of it. After reading the film's script, Göransson traveled to Africa to research traditional African music for the film. He went on

drums play in the music of both Wakanda and hip-hop, and decided to work on a project that he could use to discuss that connection and hopefully begin conversations about it with others. ""Wakanda ForeverEver"" uses samples from the ""Black Panther"" score and soundtrack, as well as OutKast's ""Stankonia"" album. It also includes clips of Coogler discussing the film and various rappers talking about social injustice and politics. J.Period released the mixtape for streaming on April 20, 2018, with cover art by Dan Lish who watched the film and listened to the mixtape for inspiration. The digital download also includes

a 40-person choir in London, at Abbey Road Studios for two weeks during October and November 2017. Göransson and John Ashton Thomas conducted the orchestra. The orchestral music was sometimes used as counterpoint to Göransson's recordings from Senegal, and other times was made to ""echo the multiple layers of rhythms"" heard in those recordings. The choir sung in the Xhosa language, including passages that sound like ""T'Challa"" for when he arrives at the Warrior Falls arena. Coogler concluded that Göransson ""really set the table for the emotion that we were trying to get across [in the film], whether it was

2016, Cole and Coogler had joined; additional cast joined in May, making ""Black Panther"" the first Marvel film with a predominantly black cast. Principal photography took place from January to April 2017, at EUE/Screen Gems Studios in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and Busan, South Korea. ""Black Panther"" premiered in Los Angeles on January 29, 2018, and was released theatrically in the United States on February 16, in 2D, 3D, IMAX and other premium large formats. The film received praise from critics for its direction, screenplay, acting, costume design, production values, and soundtrack, though the computer-generated effects received some criticism. Many

disagreed with Marvel on the story and did not want to compromise her vision. By October 2015, F. Gary Gray and Ryan Coogler had been considered as directors for the film, though negotiations with Coogler had cooled, and Gray had chosen to direct ""The Fate of the Furious"" (2017) instead. Joe Robert Cole, a member of the Marvel writers program, was in talks to write the screenplay, and Marvel changed the release date once again, moving it to February 16, 2018. By December, discussions with Coogler were reignited after the successful opening of his film ""Creed"" (2015). Coogler was confirmed

called ""King's Dead"" was released later in the month. On February 2, ""Pray for Me"" by Lamar and The Weeknd was released as the album's third single. Lamar's soundtrack was released as ""Black Panther: The Album"" on February 9, 2018. The album features artwork by Nikolas A. Draper-Ivey, an artist known online for his fan art based on Disney intellectual property such as Black Panther and Spider-Man. Draper-Ivey was surprised when he was approached about providing artwork for the album by Interscope Records, but was excited to join the project and produced an initial mock-up within a day. He then

J
J J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its normal name in English is ""jay"" or, now uncommonly, ""jy"" . When used for the palatal approximant, it may be called ""yod"" ( or ) or ""yot"" ( or ). The letter ""J"" originated as a swash letter ""I"", used for the letter ""I"" at the end of Roman numerals when following another ""I"", as in ""XXIIJ"" or ""xxiij"" instead of ""XXIII"" or ""xxiii"" for the Roman numeral representing 23. A distinctive usage emerged in Middle High German. Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478–1550)

"History of the alphabet"
u. Because the u at the time looked like a v, the double u looked like two v's, W was placed in the alphabet by V. U developed when people began to use the rounded U when they meant the vowel u and the pointed V when the meant the consonant V. J began as a variation of I, in which a long tail was added to the final I when there were several in a row. People began to use the J for the consonant and the I for the vowel by the fifteenth century, and it was fully

J
was the first to explicitly distinguish I and J as representing separate sounds, in his ""Ɛpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua italiana"" (""Trissino's epistle about the letters recently added in the Italian language"") of 1524. Originally, 'I' and 'J' were different shapes for the same letter, both equally representing , , and ; but, Romance languages developed new sounds (from former and ) that came to be represented as 'I' and 'J'; therefore, English J, acquired from the French J, has a sound value quite different from (which represents the initial sound in the English

J
a smiley rendered in a specific font face when composing rich text documents or HTML email. This autocorrection feature can be switched off or changed to a Unicode smiley. J J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its normal name in English is ""jay"" or, now uncommonly, ""jy"" . When used for the palatal approximant, it may be called ""yod"" ( or ) or ""yot"" ( or ). The letter ""J"" originated as a swash letter ""I"", used for the letter ""I"" at the end of Roman numerals when following another

J
word """"y""et""). In English, most commonly represents the affricate . In Old English, the phoneme was represented orthographically with and . Under the influence of Old French, which had a similar phoneme deriving from Latin , English scribes began to use (later ) to represent word-initial in Old English (for example, iest"" and, later jest""), while using elsewhere (for example, ""hedge""). Later, many other uses of (later ) were added in loanwords from French and other languages (e.g. ""adjoin"", ""junta""). The first English language book to make a clear distinction between and was published in 1633. In loan words such

"Latin script"
while a new, pointed minuscule ""v"" was derived from V for the consonant. In the case of I, a word-final swash form, ""j"", came to be used for the consonant, with the un-swashed form restricted to vowel use. Such conventions were erratic for centuries. J was introduced into English for the consonant in the 17th century (it had been rare as a vowel), but it was not universally considered a distinct letter in the alphabetic order until the 19th century. By the 1960s, it became apparent to the computer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method

"History of the International Phonetic Alphabet"
Tîtcerz' Asóciécon"" (The Phonetic Teachers' Association), a development of ""L'Association phonétique des professeurs d'Anglais"" (""The English Teachers' Phonetic Association""), to promote an international phonetic alphabet, designed primarily for English, French, and German, for use in schools to facilitate acquiring foreign pronunciation. Originally the symbols had different phonetic values from language to language. For example, English was transcribed with and French with . As of May and November of 1887, the alphabets were as follows: In the August–September 1888 issue of its journal, the Phonetic Teachers' Association published a standardized alphabet intended for transcription of multiple languages, reflecting its members' consensus

was in itself a combination of and the hook for retroflex consonants approved by the IPA in 1927. Since its introduction in 1935, the symbol was widely adopted by American linguists and the IPA had been asked to recognize it as part of the alphabet. In 1979, a revised chart appeared, incorporating the developments in the alphabet which were made earlier in the decade: The following changes were approved in 1976: On the same occasion, the following symbols were removed because they had ""fallen into disuse"": On the other hand, for the close-mid central unrounded vowel, for the open-mid central

"History of the Latin script"
7th century. It came into common use in the later 11th century, replacing the runic Wynn letter which had been used for the same sound. In the Romance languages, the minuscule form of V was a rounded ""u""; from this was derived a rounded capital U for the vowel in the 16th century, while a new, pointed minuscule ""v"" was derived from V for the consonant. In the case of I, a word-final swash form, ""j"", came to be used for the consonant, with the un-swashed form restricted to vowel use. Such conventions were erratic for centuries. J was introduced

led by Otto Jespersen, including IPA Secretary Daniel Jones, attended a conference in Copenhagen and proposed specifications for a standardized system of phonetic notation. The proposals were largely dismissed by the members of the IPA Council. Nonetheless, the following additions recommended by the Conference were approved in 1927: In 1928, the following symbols were adopted: In the same year, for the rounded variety of and , replacing , were also approved. An updated chart appeared as a supplement to ""Le Maître Phonétique"" in 1932. The vowels were now arranged in a right-angled trapezium as opposed to an isosceles trapezium, reflecting

"Flag of Ghana"
Flag of Ghana The national flag of Ghana was designed and adopted in 1957 and was flown until 1962, and then reinstated in 1966. It consists of the Pan-African colours of red, gold, and green, in horizontal stripes, with a black five-pointed star in the centre of the gold stripe. The Ghanaian flag was the second African flag after the flag of the Ethiopian Empire to feature these colours. The flag's design influenced that of the flag of Guinea-Bissau (1973). The flag of Ghana was designed by Theodosia Okoh (1922–2015). The red represents the blood of those who died in

"Flag of Spain"
Flag of Spain The flag of Spain (), as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe. Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic term of ""gualda"", and hence the popular name ""rojigualda"" (red-weld). The origin of the current flag of Spain is the naval ensign of 1785, ""Pabellón de la Marina de Guerra"" under Charles III of Spain. It was chosen by Charles III himself among 12 different flags designed by Antonio Valdés y Bazán

"Flag of Germany"
Flag of Germany The flag of Germany or German flag () is a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the national colours of Germany: black, red, and gold (). The flag was first adopted as the national flag of modern Germany in 1919, during the short-lived Weimar Republic, until 1933. Germany has two competing traditions of national colours, black-red-gold and black-white-red, which have played an important role in the modern history of Germany. The black-red-gold tricolour's first appearance anywhere in a German-ethnicity sovereign state within what today comprises Germany occurred in 1778, and achieved prominence during the 1848

"Service flag"
Service flag A service flag or service banner is a banner that family members of those serving in the United States Armed Forces can display. The flag or banner is officially defined as a white field with a red border, with a blue star for each family member serving in the Armed Forces of the United States during any period of war or hostilities. A gold star (with a blue edge) represents a family member that died during Military Operations. This includes those who lost their lives during World War I, World War II, or during any subsequent period of

"Flag of Belgium"
country's flag may be set second in precedence, all other flags dropping a rank. Flag of Belgium The national flag of the kingdom of Belgium (, , ) is a tricolour of three bands of black, yellow, and red. The colours were taken from the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, and the vertical design may be based on the flag of France. When flown, the black band is nearest the pole (at the hoist side). It has the unusual proportions of 13:15. After the death of Charlemagne, the present-day territory of Belgium (except the County of Flanders)

Flag of Belgium The national flag of the kingdom of Belgium (, , ) is a tricolour of three bands of black, yellow, and red. The colours were taken from the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, and the vertical design may be based on the flag of France. When flown, the black band is nearest the pole (at the hoist side). It has the unusual proportions of 13:15. After the death of Charlemagne, the present-day territory of Belgium (except the County of Flanders) became part of Lotharingia, which had a flag of two horizontal red stripes separated

"Flag of Vietnam"
Nearby Milpitas also banned the flag from municipal display on September 5, 2017. Flag of Vietnam The flag of Vietnam, or ""red flag with a gold star"" (), was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year . Red symbolizes the goals of social revolution behind the Vietnamese, national uprising. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businesspeople and military personnel. The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. At the end of World War II, Viet

Flag of Vietnam The flag of Vietnam, or ""red flag with a gold star"" (), was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year . Red symbolizes the goals of social revolution behind the Vietnamese, national uprising. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businesspeople and military personnel. The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. At the end of World War II, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent and signed a decree on

"Flag of France"
the revolutionary motto, ""liberté"" (freedom: blue), ""égalité"" (equality: white), ""fraternité"" (brotherhood: red); this symbolism was referenced in Krzysztof Kieślowski's three colours film trilogy, for example. In the aftermath of the November 2015 Paris attacks, many famous landmarks and stadiums were illuminated in the flag colours to honour the victims. During the early Middle Ages, the oriflamme, the flag of Saint Denis, was used—red, with two, three, or five spikes. Originally, it was the royal banner under the Capetians. It was stored in Saint-Denis abbey, where it was taken when war broke out. French kings went forth into battle preceded either

"Flag of Cameroon"
Flag of Cameroon The national flag of Cameroon was adopted in its present form on 20 May 1975 after Cameroon became a unitary state. It is a vertical tricolour of green, red and yellow, with a five-pointed star in its center. There is a wide variation in the size of the central star, although it is always contained within the inside stripe. The colour scheme uses the traditional Pan-African colours (Cameroon was the second state to adopt them). The centre stripe is thought to stand for unity: red is the colour of unity, and the star is referred to as

"Palace of Versailles"
a grand scale. The first phase of the expansion (c. 1661–1678) was designed and supervised by the architect Louis Le Vau. Initially he added two wings to the forecourt, one for servants quarters and kitchens, the other for stables. In 1668 he added three new wings built of stone, known as the ""envelope"", to the north, south and west (the garden side) of the original château. These buildings had nearly-flat roofs covered with lead. The king also commissioned the landscape designer André Le Nôtre to create the most magnificent gardens in Europe, embellished with fountains, statues, basins, canals, geometric flower

Théâtre d'Eau (Water Theater), and the Bains d'Apollon (Baths of Apollo). Some are now decorated with contemporary works of art. In 1668 Louis XIV decided to build a smaller palace some distance from the main palace, where he could spend quieter time away from the crowds and formality of his Court. He purchased a village called Trianon which adjoined the park, and constructed a pavilion covered with blue and white porcelain in the fashionable Chinese style; it was finished in 1670, and became known as the Porcelain Trianon. In 1687, he replaced it with the Grand Trianon, a larger and

and more graceful neoclassical Louis XVI style of the Petit Trianon, completed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1768. The palace was largely completed by the death of Louis XIV in 1715. The eastern facing palace has a U-shaped layout, with the corps de logis and symmetrical advancing secondary wings terminating with the Dufour Pavilion on the south and the Gabriel Pavilion to the north, creating an expansive cour d'honneur known as the Royal Court (Cour Royale). Flanking the Royal Court are two enormous asymmetrical wings that result in a facade of in length. Encompassing the palace has 700 rooms, more than

beds and groves of trees. He also added two grottos in the Italian style and an immense orangerie to house fruit trees, as well as a zoo with a central pavilion for exotic animals. After Le Vau's death in 1670, the work was taken over and completed by his assistant François d'Orbay. The main floor (above the ground floor) of the new palace contained two symmetrical sets of apartments, one for the king and the other for the queen, looking over the gardens. The two apartments were separated by a marble terrace, overlooking the garden, with a fountain in the

Charles Le Brun. Le Brun supervised the work of a large group of sculptors and painters, called the ""Petite Academie"", who crafted and painted the ornate walls and ceilings. Le Brun also supervised the design and installation of countless statues in the gardens. The grand stairway to the King's apartment was soon redecorated almost as soon as it was completed with plaques of colored marble and trophies of arms, tapestries, and balconies, so the members of the court could observe the processions of the King. In 1670, Le Vau added a new pavilion northwest of the chateau, called the Trianon,

when the enemies of the King's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, aided by the King's mother, Marie de' Medici, tried to take over the government. The King defeated the plot and sent his mother into exile. After this event, Louis XIII decided to make his hunting lodge at Versailles into a château. The King purchased the surrounding territory from the Gondi family, and in 1631–1634 had the architect Philibert Le Roy replace the hunting lodge with a château of brick and stone with classical pilasters in the doric style and high slate-covered roofs, surrounding the courtyard of the original hunting lodge.

built between 1769 and 1770. The new theater was completed in time for the celebration of the wedding of the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI, and Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria. He also made numerous additions and changes to the royal apartments, where he, the Queen, his daughters, and his heir lived. In 1738, Louis XV remodeled the king's ""petit appartement"" on the north side of the Cour de Marbre, originally the entrance court of the old château. He discreetly provided accommodations in another part of the palace for his famous mistresses, Madame de Pompadour and later Madame du Barry.

The gardens and park were also enlarged, laid out by Jacques Boyceau and his nephew, Jacques de Menours (1591–1637), and reached essentially the size they have today. Louis XIV first visited the château on a hunting trip in 1651 at the age of twelve, but returned only occasionally until his marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain in 1660 and the death of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661, after which he suddenly acquired a passion for the site. He decided to rebuild, embellish and enlarge the château and to transform it into a setting for both rest and for elaborate entertainments on

The extension of the King's ""petit appartement"" necessitated the demolition of the Ambassador's Staircase, one of the most admired features of Louis XIV's palace, which left the Palace without a grand staircase entrance. The following year Louis XV ordered the demolition of the north wing facing onto the ""Cour Royale"", which had fallen into serious disrepair. He commissioned Gabriel to rebuild it in a more neoclassical style. The new wing was completed in 1780. Louis XVI was constrained by the worsening financial situation of the kingdom from making major changes to the palace, so that he primarily focused on improvements

"Palace of Fontainebleau"
as a security measure due to the Wars of Religion, she also had moat dug around the château to protect it against attack. King Henry IV made more additions to the château than any King since Francis I. He extended the oval court toward the west by building two pavilions, called Tiber and Luxembourg. Between 1601 and 1606, he remade all the façades around the courtyard, including that of the chapel of Saint-Saturnin, to give the architecture greater harmony. On the east side, he built a new monumental gateway with a dome, called the ""porte du Baptistère"". Between 1606 and

an assistant coach who died during the season. In 1985 the team wore a 25 years patch on their jerseys. In 1989, they wore a ""40 for 60"" patch honoring the 1969 NFL championship team. They wore a 35 years patch in 1995, 40 years in 2000 and 45 years in 2005. They also wore patches in 1999 for assistant coach Chip Myers who died in the offseason and in 2001 for Korey Stringer. The Vikings, like other teams, wore NFL 50th and 75th anniversary patches in 1969 and 1994. In the 1960s the Vikings wore purple pants with road

Vikings wore all-purple intentionally. Three years later, the Vikings played the November 7, 2010 home game against the Arizona Cardinals in the all-purple uniform. The NFL introduced ""Color Rush"" uniforms for all 32 teams in the 2016 season, specifically for ""Thursday Night Football"" games. The Vikings had an all-purple uniform with gold numbers and stripes on the pants, which made its only appearance in Week 13 at home to the Dallas Cowboys. After several failed attempts at developing an official team-owned mascot, the Vikings finally introduced Viktor the Viking during the 2007 Vikings' season. Team officials had long indicated that

both knew Hubenthal from their days with the Los Angeles Rams organization. Hubenthal also designed the original Norseman logo. From the team's debut in 1961 to 1995, the Vikings' logos and uniforms essentially remained the same. Reflecting Minnesota's Scandinavian cultural heritage, one of the team's two primary logos consists of a profile of a blond Norseman, while the other consists of a white Viking horn. The team's helmet is purple with a Viking horn logo on each side. Each horn is outlined in gold. The horn logo was slightly revised in 2006. The original uniform design consisted of white pants,

Lodbrok. Juranitch admits to being somewhat of an eccentric—he holds the current world record for fastest time shaving a beard with an axe, but hasn't shaved his beard since he won the Ragnar job among 3,000 applicants. Ragnar drove onto the field at the beginning of a game dressed in Viking garb, on a motorcycle, while a cheerleader used to ride a snowmobile. Although never one to shy away from confrontations with opposing players, notably Chad ""Ochocinco"" Johnson, he had a soft spot for Brett Favre while the quarterback started for the rival Green Bay Packers. In 2015, the Vikings

"Princess Leia"
with the smuggler, Han Solo. In ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983), Leia leads the operation to rescue Han from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt, and is revealed to be Vader's daughter and the twin sister of Luke Skywalker. The prequel film """" (2005) establishes that the twins' mother is Senator (and former queen) Padmé Amidala of Naboo, who dies after childbirth. Leia is adopted by Senator Bail and Queen Breha Organa of Alderaan. In """" (2015) and """" (2017), Leia is the founder and General of the Resistance against the First Order. She and Han have a son named

In ""Heir to the Empire"" (1991), Leia is married to Han and three months pregnant with twins. Noghri commandos repeatedly attempt to kidnap her as part of Grand Admiral Thrawn's plan to restore the Empire and crush the New Republic. In ""Dark Force Rising"" (1992), Leia realizes that Darth Vader and the Empire deceived the Noghri to secure their allegiance, and by revealing the truth she turns the alien race to the side of the New Republic. In ""The Last Command"" (1993), Leia gives birth to the twins Jaina and Jacen on Coruscant during Thrawn's siege. Leia, now the Chief

Ben, who adopted the name Kylo Ren after turning to the dark side of the Force. In the ""Star Wars Legends"" series of novels, comics and video games (1977–2014), which are set in an alternate continuity, Leia continues her adventures with Han and Luke after ""Return of the Jedi"", fighting Imperial resurgences and new threats to the galaxy. She becomes the Chief of State of the New Republic and a Jedi Master, and is the mother to three children by Han: Jaina, Jacen and Anakin Solo. One of the more popular ""Star Wars"" characters, Leia has been called a 1980s

"Skywalker family"
the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, most of the licensed ""Star Wars"" novels and comics produced since the originating 1977 film ""Star Wars"" were rebranded as ""Star Wars Legends"" and declared non-canon to the franchise in April 2014. In the ""Star Wars"" expanded universe, Luke, following his sister's marriage to Han Solo and the birth of the Solo children (Anakin, Jacen, and Jaina), marries Mara Jade, who has a son named Ben. A further complication in this continuity is the fact that the ""Return of the Jedi"" novelization includes a detail about Owen Lars being Obi-Wan

senses that Luke is in trouble, and goes back to save him after he is nearly killed during a lightsaber duel and confrontation with Vader. Rosenberg notes: In ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983), Leia infiltrates Jabba the Hutt's palace on Tatooine disguised as the Ubese bounty hunter Boushh, and brings a captive Chewbacca with her as part of the ruse. She frees Han from the carbonite, but they are recaptured by Jabba. Leia is now chained to Jabba as his slave, outfitted in a metal bikini. After Luke arrives and kills Jabba's Rancor, Jabba sentences Luke, Han and Chewbacca to

plan to restore the Empire. A captive Leia, resisting Palpatine's attempts to turn her as well, escapes with an artifact he needs to secure his power, the Jedi Holocron. Luke pursues her, and Leia manages to turn him back. Brother and sister then fight Palpatine with the light side of the Force, turning his own Force-generated storm against him and destroying Palpatine and his Star Destroyer. In ""Dark Empire II"" (1994–95), Leia gives birth to a third child by Han, whom she names Anakin. Palpatine is reborn in an inferior, rapidly deteriorating clone body in ""Empire's End"" (1995), and seeks

and on the heels of her warnings before the Senate, the alien Yuuzhan Vong invade the galaxy. They destroy system after system and defeat both the Jedi and the New Republic forces in countless battles. Chewbacca dies in ""Vector Prime"" (1999) by R.A. Salvatore, which sends Han into a deep depression that causes a rift between him and Leia. They reunite after Leia is gravely wounded at the Battle of Duro in Kathy Tyers' ""Balance Point"" (2000). She is targeted by a deadly Voxyn slayer in Troy Dennings' ""Star By Star"" (2001), and though she manages to evade death, her

tells Luke he has a twin sister. She and their mother were ""sent to the protection of friends in a distant system. The mother died shortly thereafter, and Luke's sister was adopted by Ben's friends, the governor of Alderaan and his wife."" Fisher explained in 1983: ""Leia's real father left her mother when she was pregnant, so her mother married this King Organa. I was adopted and grew up set apart from other people because I was a princess."" Composer John Williams created a musical leitmotif for Leia which recurs throughout the ""Star Wars"" saga. ""Princess Leia's Theme"" was recorded

"Star Wars: Leia, Princess of Alderaan"
including Grand Moff Tarkin, Mon Mothma, Amilyn Holdo, and Quarsh Panaka. Gray explained how Kier Domadi, Leia's first love, compares to the character's future husband, Han Solo: Star Wars: Leia, Princess of Alderaan Star Wars: Leia, Princess of Alderaan is a ""Star Wars"" novel by Claudia Gray, published by Disney Lucasfilm Press on September 1, 2017 as part of the publishing initiative. It chronicles the teen years of Princess Leia before the events of the 1977 film ""Star Wars"", which introduced the character. Sixteen-year-old Princess Leia Organa of the planet Alderaan finds that her parents, Queen Breha and Viceroy Bail

parents are insignificant; many fans had expected her to be Luke's daughter or to share a lineage with another character from the original trilogy. There was also sentiment that Snoke's character was underdeveloped and that Luke's actions contradicted his previous heroic portrayal. Reviewers stated that fan theories were held so strongly among some viewers that it was difficult for them to accept different stories, but that other viewers appreciated the film's action, tone, and deviation from ""Star Wars"" tradition. """", the final installment of the sequel trilogy, is scheduled for release on December 20, 2019. Principal photography began on August

"United Kingdom–United States relations"
admitted carrying out the 1988 bombing over Scotland until 2003. During the Soviet–Afghan War, the United States and the United Kingdom throughout the 1980s provided arms to the Mujahideen rebels in Afghanistan until the last troops from the Soviet Union left Afghanistan in February 1989. When the United States became the world's lone superpower after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, new threats emerged which confronted the United States and its NATO allies. With military build-up beginning in August 1990 and the use of force beginning in January 1991, the United States, followed at a distance by Britain, provided the

Through times of war and rebellion, peace and estrangement, as well as becoming friends and allies, Britain and the US cemented these deeply rooted links during World War II into what is known as the ""Special Relationship."" In long-term perspective, the historian Paul Johnson has called it the ""cornerstone of the modern, democratic world order"". In the early 20th century, the United Kingdom affirmed its relationship with the United States as its ""most important bilateral partnership"" in the current British foreign policy, and the American foreign policy also affirms its relationship with Britain as its most important relationship, as evidenced

and entered into effect on March 30, 2008. Throughout the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher was strongly supportive of Ronald Reagan's unwavering stance towards the Soviet Union. Often described as ""political soulmates"" and a high point in the ""Special Relationship"", Reagan and Thatcher met many times throughout their political careers, speaking in concert when confronting Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. In 1982, the British Government made a request to the United States, which the Americans agreed upon in principle, to sell the Trident II D5 ballistic missile, associated equipment, and related system support for use on four ""Vanguard"" class nuclear submarines in the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization with their European allies. NATO is a mutual defence alliance whereby an attack on one member country is deemed an attack on all members. The United States had an anti-colonial and anti-communist stance in its foreign policy throughout the Cold War. Military forces from the United States and the United Kingdom were heavily involved in the Korean War, fighting under a United Nations mandate. Military forces withdrew when a stalemate was implemented in 1953. When the Suez Crisis erupted in October 1956, the United States feared a wider war, after the Soviet Union threatened to intervene

United Kingdom–United States relations British–American relations, also referred to as Anglo-American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets. Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners. The two nations are bound together by shared history, an overlap in religion and a common language and legal system, and kinship ties that reach back hundreds of years, including kindred, ancestral lines among English Americans, Scottish Americans, Welsh Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans and American Britons respectively. Today large numbers of expatriates live in both countries.

""The First Rapprochement."" As Perkins concludes, ""For about ten years there was peace on the frontier, joint recognition of the value of commercial intercourse, and even, by comparison with both preceding and succeeding epochs, a muting of strife over ship seizures and impressment. Two controversies with France… pushed the English-speaking powers even more closely together."" Starting at swords' point in 1794, the Jay treaty reversed the tensions, Perkins concludes: ""Through a decade of world war and peace, successive governments on both sides of the Atlantic were able to bring about and preserve a cordiality which often approached genuine friendship."" Historian

Royal Navy. The Trident II D5 ballistic missile replaced the United Kingdom's previous use of the UGM-27 Polaris ballistic missile, beginning in the mid-1990s. In the Falklands War in 1982, the United States initially tried to mediate between the United Kingdom and Argentina, but ended up supporting the United Kingdom's counter-invasion. The U.S. supplied the British military with equipment as well as logistical support. In October 1983, the United States and a coalition of Caribbean nations undertook Operation Urgent Fury, codename for the invasion of the Commonwealth to the island nation of Grenada. A bloody Marxist coup had overrun Grenada,

1956 a complete breakdown that represented the lowest point in the relations between the two countries since the 1920s. Through the US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement signed in 1958, the United States assisted the United Kingdom in their own development of a nuclear arsenal. The British, however, were financially unable to develop their own delivery systems for nuclear weapons. In April 1963, the Polaris Sales Agreement called for the U.S. to sell the UGM-27 Polaris ballistic missile for use in the Royal Navy's submarine fleet starting in 1968. The American containment policy called for military resistance to the expansion of communism,

to sell Saudi oil in the sterling area. In the aftermath of the war Britain faced a financial crisis, whereas the United States was in the midst of an economic boom. The process of de-colonization accelerated with the independence Britain granted to India, Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1947. The Labour government, which was alarmed at the threat of Communism in the Balkans, implored the US to take over the British role in Greece, which led to the Truman Doctrine in 1947, with financial and military aid to Greece and Turkey as Britain withdrew from the region. The

the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Again Britain was second only to the US in sending forces to Iraq. Both sides wound down after 2009, and withdrew their last troops in 2011. President Bush and Prime Minister Blair provided sustained mutual political and diplomatic support and won votes in Congress and parliament against their critics at home. During this period Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld said that ""America has no finer ally than the United Kingdom."" The 7 July 2005 London bombings emphasised the difference in the nature of the terrorist threat to both nations. The United States concentrated primarily

"Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song)"
Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song) ""Kansas City"" is a rhythm and blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1952. First recorded by Little Willie Littlefield the same year, the song later became a #1 hit when it was recorded by Wilbert Harrison in 1959. ""Kansas City"" became one of Leiber and Stoller's ""most recorded tunes, with more than three hundred versions,"" with several appearing in the R&B and pop record charts. ""Kansas City"" was written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, two nineteen-year-old rhythm and blues fans from Los Angeles, who had their first success writing

"Wilbert Harrison"
Wilbert Harrison Wilbert Huntington Harrison (January 5, 1929 – October 26, 1994) was an American rhythm and blues singer, pianist, guitarist and harmonica player. Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, Harrison had a Billboard #1 record in 1959 with the song ""Kansas City"". The song was written in 1952 and was one of the first credited collaborations by the team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Harrison recorded ""Kansas City"" for the Harlem-based entrepreneur Bobby Robinson, who released it on his Fury record label. At the height of the

the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009. Wilbert Harrison Wilbert Huntington Harrison (January 5, 1929 – October 26, 1994) was an American rhythm and blues singer, pianist, guitarist and harmonica player. Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, Harrison had a Billboard #1 record in 1959 with the song ""Kansas City"". The song was written in 1952 and was one of the first credited collaborations by the team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Harrison recorded ""Kansas City"" for the Harlem-based entrepreneur Bobby Robinson, who released it on

""Eighteenth and Vine"" for ""12th Street and Vine,"" which sings just as well, and recognizes Kansas City's jazz history. Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song) ""Kansas City"" is a rhythm and blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1952. First recorded by Little Willie Littlefield the same year, the song later became a #1 hit when it was recorded by Wilbert Harrison in 1959. ""Kansas City"" became one of Leiber and Stoller's ""most recorded tunes, with more than three hundred versions,"" with several appearing in the R&B and pop record charts. ""Kansas City"" was written by Jerry

"Goin' to Memphis"
by Sundazed Records with bonus tracks. Goin' to Memphis Goin' to Memphis is the eighth studio album by American pop rock group Paul Revere & the Raiders. Produced by Chips Moman, with the exception of one song (""Peace of Mind"") that was produced by Terry Melcher, the album was released in 1968 and reached number 61 on the U.S. albums chart. ""Goin' to Memphis"" is very much a Mark Lindsay solo album. Lindsay composed six of the album's twelve songs, as well as co-writing a seventh, plus was the sole composer of two additional songs that later appeared as bonus

"Going to Kansas City"
Going to Kansas City Going to Kansas City is a 1998 Canadian-Finnish drama film directed by Pekka Mandart. The film is about a male exchange student from Finland, who falls in love with an American girl, whose father does not accept the relationship. Shot in Canada, the film is set in the rural town of Canaan that is located 120 miles west of Kansas City. The director Pekka Mandart adapted the idea of the story from a magazine article about a love story between a Finnish exchange student and an American girl. Out of a total budget of 17 million

Charles Brown's #7 R&B chart hit ""Hard Times"". Neither had been to Kansas City, but were inspired by Big Joe Turner records. Through a connection to producer Ralph Bass, they wrote ""Kansas City"" specifically for West Coast blues/R&B artist Little Willie Littlefield. There was an initial disagreement between the two writers over the song's melody: Leiber (who wrote the lyrics) preferred a traditional blues song, while Stoller wanted a more distinctive vocal line; Stoller ultimately prevailed. They taught the song to Littlefield at Maxwell Davis' house, who arranged and provided the tenor sax for the song. Littlefield recorded the song

Goin' to Memphis Goin' to Memphis is the eighth studio album by American pop rock group Paul Revere & the Raiders. Produced by Chips Moman, with the exception of one song (""Peace of Mind"") that was produced by Terry Melcher, the album was released in 1968 and reached number 61 on the U.S. albums chart. ""Goin' to Memphis"" is very much a Mark Lindsay solo album. Lindsay composed six of the album's twelve songs, as well as co-writing a seventh, plus was the sole composer of two additional songs that later appeared as bonus tracks. Paul Revere & the Raiders

"Walkin' to Missouri"
in the UK Singles Chart in January 1953. Other versions were recorded by Lita Roza (1953), Sue Thompson (1957), and Russ Morgan (1958). Walkin' to Missouri ""Walkin' to Missouri"" is a popular song written by Bob Merrill in 1952. The song is a prodigal son allegory about a young man (the story's metaphorical ""robin"") who could not fly and could only walk all the way back to his old home in Missouri, following a life of partying in the big city jazz scene - or the repercussions that happened as a result. During the course of the song, it transpired

Walkin' to Missouri ""Walkin' to Missouri"" is a popular song written by Bob Merrill in 1952. The song is a prodigal son allegory about a young man (the story's metaphorical ""robin"") who could not fly and could only walk all the way back to his old home in Missouri, following a life of partying in the big city jazz scene - or the repercussions that happened as a result. During the course of the song, it transpired that he had ""met a birdie who looked so nice"", who, until the end, was secretly having an affair with someone else. While

"Battle of Issus"
Battle of Issus The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, on November 5, 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III, in the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia. The invading Macedonian troops defeated Persia. After the Hellenic League soundly defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor (led by Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes) at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal command of his army. He gathered reinforcements and led his men in a surprise march behind the Hellenic advance to cut their line

of supply. This forced Alexander to countermarch, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and the town of Issus. The battle took place south of the ancient town Issus, which is close to the present-day Turkish town of Iskenderun (the Turkish equivalent of ""Alexandria"", founded by Alexander to commemorate his victory), on either side of a small river called Pinarus. At that location, the distance from the Gulf of Issus to the surrounding mountains is only , a place where Darius could not take advantage of his superiority in numbers. Speculation on the location

It was the first time the Persian army had been defeated with the King (Darius III at the time) present. After the battle, the Hellenes captured Darius' wife, Stateira I, his daughters, Stateira II and Drypetis, and his mother, Sisygambis, all of whom had accompanied Darius on his campaign. Alexander, who later married Stateira II, treated the captured women with great respect. Battle of Issus The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, on November 5, 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III, in the second great battle

due to a recommendation by his war council and Parmenion. Darius' large army could not be supported in the field during winter and his cities in Phoenicia were already in unrest at the arrival of Alexander. Darius was forced to move his large army to a small battlefield, greatly to the advantage of Alexander's smaller force. Alexander was waiting for Darius to come south around the Amanus Mountain range because the pass Darius would have used, the Belen Pass, was much closer to Sochi and offered the quickest access to the area Alexander defended. Alexander was waiting to the west

Warry estimates 108,000 in total. The size of the Hellenic army may not have exceeded 40,000 men, including their other allies, led by Alexander. Alexander's army may have consisted of about 22,000 phalangites and hoplites, 13,000 peltasts, and 5,850 cavalry. The Greeks advanced through the Pillar of Jonah. Alexander led his Companion cavalry on the right flank and he set his Thessalian allied cavalry on the left of the phalanx with Parmenion in command. Darius formed his line with his heavy cavalry concentrated next to the coast on his right, followed by the Greek mercenary phalanx (historian A. M. Devine

"Battle of Issy"
Battle of Issy The Battle of Issy was fought on 2 and 3 July 1815 in and around the village of Issy, a short distance south west of Paris. The result was a victory for Prussian General von Zieten over a French army commanded by General Dominique Vandamme. After French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the armies of the Duke of Wellington, Field Marshal von Blücher, and other Seventh Coalition forces, advanced upon Paris. Wellington and von Blücher continued their operations up to the gates of Paris and, on 30 June, had recourse to a movement which proved decisive

of the Pinarus has taken place for over 80 years. Older historians believed it to be the Deli Tchai river, but historians N.G.L. Hammond and A. M. Devine claim that the Pinarus is actually the Payas River, the latter using his own examination of the course of the river, which he considered would not have drastically changed since antiquity. Their evidence is based on Callisthenes' accounts of the measurements of the battlefield and distances marched by both sides' armies in the prelude to the battle and distance given by Diodorus after the battle. Alexander set out into Asia in 334

"Siege of Issa"
Siege of Issa The Siege of Issa took place from 230 BC to 229 BC between the forces of the Ancient Greek colony of Issa, aided by the Roman Republic, and the Ardiaean Kingdom of Illyria. Earlier in 230 BC, Illyrian forces under Queen Teuta and Scerdilaidas had invaded Epirus through both land and by sea, capturing Phoenice and much of Epirus, passing Antigoneia and nearing Helicranum (modern Ioannina). Despite an Illyrian victory at the Battle of Phoenice, a pro-Dardanian rebellion in the north-east of the Kingdom forced Teuta to call back Illyrian forces from Epirus. Teuta quickly crushed the

end of the campaign. Siege of Issa The Siege of Issa took place from 230 BC to 229 BC between the forces of the Ancient Greek colony of Issa, aided by the Roman Republic, and the Ardiaean Kingdom of Illyria. Earlier in 230 BC, Illyrian forces under Queen Teuta and Scerdilaidas had invaded Epirus through both land and by sea, capturing Phoenice and much of Epirus, passing Antigoneia and nearing Helicranum (modern Ioannina). Despite an Illyrian victory at the Battle of Phoenice, a pro-Dardanian rebellion in the north-east of the Kingdom forced Teuta to call back Illyrian forces from Epirus.

Some ancient sources (Arrian and Plutarch), who based their accounts on earlier Greek sources, estimated 600,000 Persian soldiers in total, while Diodorus and Justin estimated 400,000, and Curtius Rufus estimated 250,000. Modern historians find Arrian's count of 600,000 men highly unlikely. They argue that the logistics of fielding more than 100,000 soldiers in battle was extremely difficult at the time. Hans Delbrück gives an estimate as small as 25,000, although most (including Engels and Green) estimate the total size of Darius' army to be no larger than 100,000 at Issus, including 11,000 cavalry, 10,000 Persian Immortals, and 10,000 Greek mercenaries.

Abaya
Abaya The abaya ""cloak"" (colloquially and more commonly, ', especially in Literary Arabic: '; plural ', '), sometimes also called an ""aba"", is a simple, loose over-garment, essentially a robe-like dress, worn by some women in parts of the Muslim world including in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Traditional ""abayat"" are black and may be either a large square of fabric draped from the shoulders or head or a long kaftan. The ""abaya"" covers the whole body except the head, feet, and hands. It can be worn with the ""niqāb"", a face veil covering all but the eyes. Some

"Bisht (clothing)"
Bisht (clothing) A bisht () or mishlaḥ () or ʿabāʾ () is a traditional men’s cloak popular in the Arab and Muslim world. It is a flowing outer cloak worn over a ""thawb"". It is usually black, brown, beige, cream or grey in colour. A bisht is usually worn for prestige on special occasions such as weddings, or festivals such as Eid, or for Jumʿah prayers. In Iraq it is worn by tribal chiefs. The bisht is also worn by East African nobility, including tribal chiefs, kings, and imams, over a kanzu or tunic. Some theorize that word ‘bisht’ is

"Ihram clothing"
Ihram clothing Ihram clothing (Ahram clothing) includes men's and women's garments worn by Muslim people during the ""Ihram"" pilgrimage (""Hajj"") and or (umrah). The main objective is to avoid attracting attention. Men's garments often consist of two white un-hemmed sheets (usually towelling material) and are universal in appearance. The top (the ""riḍā"") is draped over the torso and the bottom (the ""izār"") is secured by a belt; plus a pair of sandals. Women's clothing, however, varies considerably and reflects regional as well as religious influences, but they often do not wear special clothing or cover their faces. White ihram clothing

Hijab
to see out. The ""niqab"" is a term which is often incorrectly used interchangeably with burqa. It properly refers to a garment that covers a woman's upper body and face, except for her eyes. It is particularly associated with the style traditionally worn in the Arabian Peninsula, where the veil is attached by one side and covers the face only below the eyes, thereby allowing the eyes to be seen. Only a minority of Islamic scholars believe that covering the face is mandatory, and the use of niqab beyond its traditional geographic strongholds has been a subject of political controversy.

"Islam and clothing"
scarf that a woman uses to cover her head, and ""over their bosoms"" implies women should cover their breasts, chest area and neck. Women are, however, allowed to show their face and hands. The Arabic word ""hijab"" () literally translates into English as ""veil"". Adherents of Islam believe that it was originally implemented by God in order to secure Muhammad's privacy and create a distinction between the public and private spheres of his life. The word ""hijab"" applied to both men and women in terms of protecting both their private lives from outsiders and to protect their own honor rather

Abaya
fabric while others are brightly coloured and have different forms of artwork across them. Abaya The abaya ""cloak"" (colloquially and more commonly, ', especially in Literary Arabic: '; plural ', '), sometimes also called an ""aba"", is a simple, loose over-garment, essentially a robe-like dress, worn by some women in parts of the Muslim world including in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Traditional ""abayat"" are black and may be either a large square of fabric draped from the shoulders or head or a long kaftan. The ""abaya"" covers the whole body except the head, feet, and hands. It can

"Niqāb"
Niqāb A niqab or niqāb (; ', ""[face] veil""; also called a ruband) is a garment of clothing that covers the face, worn by a small minority of Muslim women as a part of a particular interpretation of hijab (""modesty""). According to the majority of Muslim scholars and Islamic schools of thought, the niqab is not a requirement of Islam; however a minority of Muslim scholars assert that the niqab is required, especially in the Hanbali Muslim faith tradition. Those Muslim women who observe the niqab, wear it in public areas and in front of non-mahram (non-related) men. The face

"Jilbāb"
Jilbāb The term jilbāb or jilbaab () refers to any long and loose-fit coat or outer garment worn by some Muslim women. Wearers believe that this definition of jilbab fulfills the Quranic demand for a ""hijab"". ""Jilbab"", ""jubbah"" or ""jilaabah"" is also known as ""chador"" by Persian speakers in Iran. The modern jilbāb covers the entire body. Some women will also cover the hands with gloves and the face along with a niqāb.In recent years, a short visor is often included to protect the face from the tropical sun. The plural of jilbāb, jalabib, is found in the Qur'an, verse

Burqa
Burqa A burqa (), also known as chadri or paranja in Central Asia, is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions to cover themselves in public, which covers the body and the face. Originating from , ' or ', and , it is also transliterated burkha, bourkha, burka, burqua, or burqu' and is pronounced . There are currently 13 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including Austria, Denmark, France, Belgium, Tajikistan, Latvia, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Netherlands, China. Relevant verses of the ""Quran"" have been

"Taqiyah (cap)"
divine presence that covers them. In the Indian subcontinent, it is called a ""topi"" ( ) which means hat or cap in general. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, men usually wear the topi with kurta (""panjabi"" in Bangladesh) and paijama. In the United States and Britain, many Muslim merchants sell the prayer cap under the name ""kufi"". Sephardic Jews adopted the Bukharan from the Kufi (See Bukharan). There are a wide variety of Muslim caps worn around the world. Each country or region usually has a unique head covering. In Afghanistan, men wear a wool beret called a ""Pakol"", which also

"Jigsaw (2017 film)"
Jigsaw (2017 film) Jigsaw is a 2017 American horror film directed by Michael and Peter Spierig, written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger, and starring Matt Passmore, Callum Keith Rennie, Clé Bennett, Hannah Emily Anderson, and Laura Vandervoort. It is the eighth installment in the ""Saw"" franchise, picking up over a decade after the death of the eponymous Jigsaw killer, during the police investigation of a new succession of murders that fit his ""modus operandi"". ""Saw 3D"" (2010) was originally deemed the final installment of the series, before Lionsgate Films commissioned the production of ""Jigsaw"" from a pitch by Stolberg

have begun discussing a ninth installment, for which the Spierig brothers would not be returning. On April 3, 2018, Twisted Pictures were publicized to have begun actively developing a sequel with writers Pete Goldfinger and Josh Stolberg. Jigsaw (2017 film) Jigsaw is a 2017 American horror film directed by Michael and Peter Spierig, written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger, and starring Matt Passmore, Callum Keith Rennie, Clé Bennett, Hannah Emily Anderson, and Laura Vandervoort. It is the eighth installment in the ""Saw"" franchise, picking up over a decade after the death of the eponymous Jigsaw killer, during the police

"Nokia 8 Sirocco"
Nokia 8 Sirocco The Nokia 8 Sirocco (TA-1005) is a high-end smartphone running the Android One variant of Android. It was introduced at MWC in February 2018, named after the Sirocco wind, continuing the namesake of the older Nokia 8800 Sirocco. Compared to the regular Nokia 8, the Sirocco edition shed aluminium in favor of a glass body and stainless steel chassis. It also has a revamped camera, a fingerprint sensor at the back rather than the front, 6 GB of RAM (up from 4 GB, though 6 GB revision of the Nokia 8 also exist), omission of the CTIA

"Saw (franchise)"
""""Saw"", at this point, thanks to ""Jigsaw"", is just shy of becoming a billion-dollar franchise. That's not something many horror franchises can claim, so ""Saw 9"" seems like the kind of thing that is probably going to become closer to a reality as time goes on."" On January 26, 2018, Tobin Bell expressed an interest in reprising his role as Jigsaw in a ninth film. He stated: ""If they were to continue I’m always interested. Actors act. That’s what we do. And I’m always interested in expanding a character and filling him in if there’s more story to be told.

""Saw 3D"" and ""Jigsaw"". Clouser stated in 2016, ""this will be an opportunity [for me] to re-imagine how [I] approach the score, and [I] will be trying a more stark, bold, and stripped-down approach that will be more in line with the strong vision that the Spierig brothers are bringing to the table."" The soundtrack of the movie was distributed digitally on 27 October 2017. Some tracks from the film can also be found on Volume 2 of the ""Saw"" Anthology Collection. ""Jigsaw"" was released in the United Kingdom on October 26, 2017, and in the United States theatrically on

"Saw 3D"
Clouser described ""Legacy"" as a ""re-invention"" of the franchise that will establish a new storyline and new characters. In June 2017, the film's title was officially announced as ""Jigsaw"". The film was officially released on October 27, 2017. Saw 3D Saw 3D (also known as Saw: The Final Chapter) is a 2010 American 3D horror film directed by Kevin Greutert, written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, and starring Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Betsy Russell, Sean Patrick Flanery, and Cary Elwes. It is the seventh (it was intended to be the first part of a conclusion to the series but

SA80
The L85A3 variant was first officially presented in 2016. The changes from the L85A2 design include a modification to the upper receiver and a full-length rail system for optional add-ons such as a vertical foregrip, laser pointer and torch. It also includes a weight saving of 100g and a more durable hardwearing coating. The project received an initial investment of £5.4 million and will see 5,000 weapons upgraded initially, with plans for more weapons to be upgraded in the future. The upgrade should see the weapon in service with the British military beyond 2025. The SA80 has been used in

"Samsung Galaxy S8"
Samsung Galaxy S8 The Samsung Galaxy S8, Samsung Galaxy S8+ (shortened to S8 and S8+, respectively) and Samsung Galaxy S8 Active are Android smartphones (with the S8+ being the phablet smartphone) produced by Samsung Electronics as the eighth generation of the Samsung Galaxy S series. The S8 and S8+ were unveiled on 29 March 2017 and directly succeeded the Samsung Galaxy S7 and S7 edge, with a North American release on 21 April 2017 and international rollout throughout April and May. The S8 Active was announced on 8 August 2017 and is exclusive to certain U.S. cellular carriers. The S8

"Saw 3D"
Saw 3D Saw 3D (also known as Saw: The Final Chapter) is a 2010 American 3D horror film directed by Kevin Greutert, written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, and starring Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Betsy Russell, Sean Patrick Flanery, and Cary Elwes. It is the seventh (it was intended to be the first part of a conclusion to the series but Lionsgate chose to film only one part) installment of the ""Saw"" franchise, and the only film in the series to be in 3D. The film focuses on a man who falsely claims to be a Jigsaw survivor, becoming

"Saw – The Ride"
Saw – The Ride Saw – The Ride is a Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter roller coaster located at Thorpe Park in the United Kingdom. Designed by Merlin Studios and manufactured by Gerstlauer, the roller coaster opened to the public on 14 March 2009. The ride is themed to the ""Saw"" film franchise and features several references to the franchise. It features an enclosed dark section and 'beyond-vertical' drop of 100º, the steepest roller coaster drop in the world at its opening. Thorpe Park announced plans for a new roller coaster on 14 October 2008. Thorpe park created a dedicated website for the

most remaining forms of advertising according to the following timescale: It was banned in Scotland by the Scottish Executive in 2001. Several exemptions from this legislation remain: While cigarette vending machines were still allowed in licensed premises (until 1 October 2011 in England, 1 February 2012 in Wales, 1 March 2012 in Northern Ireland and 29 April 2013 in Scotland when a full ban came into force) they were only allowed to display a picture of what was available (one image per brand) and no advertisements could be included on the machine. Finally, cigarette vending machines were then banned in

"Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)"
ad was an expression of the advertiser's opinion and that the claims in it were not capable of objective substantiation,"" said the ASA. ""Although the ASA acknowledges that the content of the ad would be at odds with the beliefs of many, it concluded that it was unlikely to mislead or to cause serious or widespread offence."" In July 2009 the ASA banned an Israeli tourism poster following complaints. Palestine Solidarity Campaign, Jews for Justice for Palestinians and 442 members of the public complained about how the map on the poster displayed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Golan

smoking, doing so in May 2006. Tobacco advertising had been banned in England gradually starting with a ban on Television Advertising of cigarettes in 1965 to a complete ban on all Tobacco Advertising in 2005. On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008. On 26 October 2005,

which those of Benson & Hedges and Silk Cut became particularly recognisable. Until about the mid-1990s, many corner shops, newsagents and off licences had on their shop signs prominent branding by cigarette brands such as Benson & Hedges, Silk Cut, Regal etc. until the practice was outlawed. As part of their 1997 general election campaign, the Labour Party led by Tony Blair pledged to ban all advertising of tobacco products. When it was not included in their manifesto, it was introduced by Liberal Democrat Peer Tim Clement-Jones and was passed as the ""Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002"", which banned

advertising on newspapers and magazines was strictly prohibited, under the Prohibition of Advertisements relating to Smoking Act, 1970. Tobacco advertisements on radio, television and on neon signs ceased on 31 December 1970, after which only anti-smoking slogans were permitted to be broadcast on television and radio. With the ban on tobacco advertisements for the purpose of anti-smoking, the Ministry of Culture had appealed to coffee shops, hotels, restaurants, canteens, snack bars and bars to co-operate with the government to remove all posters, signs and other forms of advertisements relating to smoking. A Smoking Advertisement Unit was set up by the

"Tobacco smoking"
cigarette brands. All tobacco advertising and sponsorship on television has been banned within the European Union since 1991 under the Television Without Frontiers Directive (1989). This ban was extended by the Tobacco Advertising Directive, which took effect in July 2005 to cover other forms of media such as the internet, print media, and radio. The directive does not include advertising in cinemas and on billboards or using merchandising – or tobacco sponsorship of cultural and sporting events which are purely local, with participants coming from only one Member State as these fall outside the jurisdiction of the European Commission. However,

"Television in the United Kingdom"
7.5 hours a day on Saturdays and Sundays. Until 1957, television in the United Kingdom could not air from 6.00pm-7.00pm. This was called ""Toddler's Truce"", where the idea was that parents could put their children to bed, before prime time television would commence. This restriction was lifted in 1957. However, on Sundays, television remained off the air from 6.00pm-7.00pm. This was in response to religious leaders fears that television would interfere with people attending church services. In 1958 a compromise was reached, where only religious programming could be aired during this time slot. This restriction was lifted in January 1972.

public areas of all British pubs, clubs and restaurants, with a fine of £2,500 for non-compliance. Famous UK tobacco advertising campaigns have included ""You're never alone with a Strand"" (a disastrous campaign which led to Strand Cigarettes being taken off the market) and ""Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet"". In Italy, advertising of tobacco products has been banned since 1962, though ad in magazines remained legal since the late-1970s; with a few subsequent changes to the law in 1983 and 2004. Tobacco advertising is only allowed in and around special tobacco stores, selling more than 90 kinds of tobacco products.

"Transtheoretical model"
levels of change, etc. Several self-help books—""Changing for Good"" (1994), ""Changeology"" (2012), and ""Changing to Thrive"" (2016)—and articles in the news media have discussed the model. It has been called ""arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism"". James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island, and Carlo Di Clemente and colleagues developed the transtheoretical model beginning in 1977. It is based on analysis and use of different theories of psychotherapy, hence the name ""transtheoretical"". Prochaska and colleagues refined the model on the basis of research that they

Transtheoretical model The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual. The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation ""TTM"" and sometimes by the term ""stages of change"", although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change,

"Transpersonal psychology"
graduate training center, in 1975 . The institute was founded by Robert Frager and James Fadiman in response to the academic climate of the 1970s, and included transpersonal and spiritual approaches to psychology. Soon other institutions, with transpersonal psychology programs, followed. Among these were Saybrook Graduate School, the California Institute of Asian Studies (now California Institute of Integral Studies), JFK University, and Naropa. In the 1970s the field developed through the writings of such authors as Robert Frager, Alyce and Elmer Green, Daniel Goleman, Stanley Krippner, Charles Tart, Roger Walsh, John Welwood, and Ken Wilber. Wilber, a major figure in

not always linear, a study conducted in 1996 demonstrated that the probability of forward stage movement is greater than the probability of backward stage movement. Due to the variations in use, implementation and type of research designs, data confirming TTM are ambiguous. More care has to be taken in using a sufficient amount of constructs, trustworthy measures, and longitudinal data. The following notes summarize major differences between the well-known 1983, 1992, and 1997 versions of the model. Other published versions may contain other differences. For example, Prochaska, Prochaska, and Levesque (2001) do not mention the Termination stage, Self-efficacy, or Temptation.

"Madeleine Leininger"
provide culture specific and universal nursing care practices for the health and well-being of people or to help them face unfavorable human conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways."""" Combining her nursing experience with the doctorate in Anthropology she had received, Leninger wanted to have nursing look at patients with a cultural perspective, utilizing the indigenous perspective from the patient's own culture and how the outside world would perceive them. Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was a nursing theorist, nursing professor and developer of the concept of transcultural nursing. First published in 1961,

Psychagogy
Psychagogy Psychagogy is a psycho-therapeutic method of influencing behavior by suggesting desirable life goals. In a more spiritual context, it can mean guidance of the soul. It is considered to be one of many predecessors to modern psychology. The role and exact expression of psychagogy has shifted throughout history, but its beginnings can be dated back to the time of Socrates and Plato. Psychagogic methods were implemented by such groups as the Stoics, Epicureans, and Cynics. The method was also eventually adopted by Paul the Apostle (also known as Saul of Tarsus), James, as well as other early Christian thinkers.

people use to progress through the stages"". To progress through the early stages, people apply cognitive, affective, and evaluative processes. As people move toward Action and Maintenance, they rely more on commitments, conditioning, contingencies, environmental controls, and support. Prochaska and colleagues state that their research related to the transtheoretical model shows that interventions to change behavior are more effective if they are ""stage-matched"", that is, ""matched to each individual's stage of change"". In general, for people to progress they need: The ten ""processes of change"" include: Health researchers have extended Prochaska's and DiClemente's 10 original processes of change by an

Transhumanism
human bodies and intelligence through bionic implants and cognitive enhancement. These ideas have been common transhumanist themes ever since. The biologist Julian Huxley is generally regarded as the founder of transhumanism after using the term for the title of an influential 1957 article. The term itself, however, derives from an earlier 1940 paper by the Canadian philosopher W. D. Lighthall. Huxley describes transhumanism in these terms: Huxley's definition differs, albeit not substantially, from the one commonly in use since the 1980s. The ideas raised by these thinkers were explored in the science fiction of the 1960s, notably in Arthur C.

Transpersonal
individual transpersonal disciplines"". The philosophy of William James, the school of Psychosynthesis (founded by Roberto Assagioli), and the Analytical school of Carl Jung are often considered to be forerunners to the establishment of transpersonal theory. However, the start of the movement is associated with the emergence and growth of the related field of Humanistic Psychology. Several of the academic profiles of the early transpersonal movement, such as Abraham Maslow and Anthony Sutich, had their background in Humanistic Psychology. The formative years of the transpersonal movement can be characterized by the founding of a few key organizations and institutions, such as:

"I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me"
I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me ""I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me"" is a 1926 popular song composed by Jimmy McHugh, with lyrics by Clarence Gaskill. More than 20 recordings were made of ""I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me"" in the 16 years following its publication. Early recordings included Roger Wolfe Kahn and His Orchestra (1926), Louis Armstrong (1930), Nat Gonella (1932), Earl Hines (1932), Artie Shaw (1938), Teddy Wilson (1938), and Ella Fitzgerald (1941). It is sung twice by Claudia Drake in Edgar G. Ulmer's low-budget film noir classic ""Detour""

"Jaki Graham"
from the University of Wolverhampton in recognition of her services to the music industry. Jaki Graham Jacqueline Maureen Graham (born 15 September 1956) is a British singer-songwriter. Following her hit version of ""Could It Be I'm Falling in Love"" with David Grant in 1985, Graham scored a further five UK Top 20 hits over a two-year period. In 1994, her cover version of Chaka Khan's hit ""Ain't Nobody"" reached number one on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Dance Chart. Graham was born in Birmingham to Jamaican immigrants. In 1983 after recording a session for a jazz funk band called ‘Medium Heat Wave’,

Jaki Graham Jacqueline Maureen Graham (born 15 September 1956) is a British singer-songwriter. Following her hit version of ""Could It Be I'm Falling in Love"" with David Grant in 1985, Graham scored a further five UK Top 20 hits over a two-year period. In 1994, her cover version of Chaka Khan's hit ""Ain't Nobody"" reached number one on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Dance Chart. Graham was born in Birmingham to Jamaican immigrants. In 1983 after recording a session for a jazz funk band called ‘Medium Heat Wave’, Graham was spotted by a talent scout and signed to EMI Records. Soon after

(1945); it is also featured in The Caine Mutiny (1954). in the 1967 film ""Thoroughly Modern Millie"" it is sung by an uncredited male vocalist on the gramophone. I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me ""I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me"" is a 1926 popular song composed by Jimmy McHugh, with lyrics by Clarence Gaskill. More than 20 recordings were made of ""I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me"" in the 16 years following its publication. Early recordings included Roger Wolfe Kahn and His Orchestra (1926), Louis Armstrong (1930), Nat Gonella (1932), Earl

sung in the live segment of his 1968 NBC television special, and as the closer for his 1973 Global telecast, ""Aloha from Hawaii"". A version with a faster arrangement was the closing number in Presley's final TV special, ""Elvis in Concert"". ""Can't Help Falling in Love"" was also the last song he performed live, at his concert in Indianapolis at Market Square Arena on 26 June 1977. In 2015, the song was included on the ""If I Can Dream"" album, on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Presley's birth. The version uses archival voice recordings of Presley and his

"Indian cricket team in England in 1932"
Indian cricket team in England in 1932 The Indian cricket team toured England in the 1932 season under the title of ""All-India"". They were captained by the Maharaja of Porbandar. It was the national team's second tour of England following the one in 1911. India had just been granted the status of ICC Full Member and they played their inaugural Test match at Lord's in June. It was the only Test arranged on this tour and England won by 158 runs after scoring 259 and 275/8d in the two innings while India were bowled out for 189 and 187. India

"History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945"
first winner was Bombay. Since then India has undergone many changes in its cricket history. The lists below give the leading first-class runscorers and wicket-takers in each domestic season. India's debut in Test cricket was in the 1932 English season when they played England at Lord's Cricket Ground. England won by 158 runs. The MCC tour was from October 1926 to February 1927. Captained by Arthur Gilligan, the team played 26 first-class matches in India and a further four first-class matches in Ceylon. Team members included Maurice Leyland, Andy Sandham, Bob Wyatt, Arthur Dolphin, George Geary, Ewart Astill and George

"Indian cricket team in England in 1946"
Indian cricket team in England in 1946 The Indian national cricket team toured England in the 1946 season and played 29 first-class fixtures with 11 wins, 4 defeats and 14 draws. The 1946 season marked a return to normal first-class cricket in England following the end of World War II. The Test series between England and India was the first to be played in England since the West Indies tour in 1939. England won the series 1–0 with two matches drawn, their success largely due to the impact of debutant Alec Bedser who took 22 wickets in his first two

"Cricket in India"
well. The entire history of cricket in India and the sub-continent as a whole is based on the existence and development of the British Raj via the East India Company. India became a member of the 'elite club' joining Australia, England, South Africa, New Zealand and the West Indies in June 1932. India's first match in Lords against England attracted a massive crowd of 24,000 people as well as the King of the United Kingdom. The major and defining event in the history of Indian cricket during this period was the Partition of India following full independence from the British

India national cricket team The India national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established in Calcutta (currently known as Kolkata) in 1792, India's national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's, becoming the

Kardar, became Pakistan's first Test captain in October 1952. Indian cricket team in England in 1946 The Indian national cricket team toured England in the 1946 season and played 29 first-class fixtures with 11 wins, 4 defeats and 14 draws. The 1946 season marked a return to normal first-class cricket in England following the end of World War II. The Test series between England and India was the first to be played in England since the West Indies tour in 1939. England won the series 1–0 with two matches drawn, their success largely due to the impact of debutant Alec

to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721. In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877. By 1912, the Parsis, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the England cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and

their names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy – two major first-class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of the British Isles, but only played English county teams and not the England cricket team. India was invited to The Imperial Cricket Council in 1926, and made their debut as a Test playing nation in England in 1932, led by CK Nayudu, who was considered as the best Indian batsman at the time. The one-off Test match between the two sides was played at Lord's in London.

"History of the Indian cricket team"
grasp. India were all out for 187 and lost by 158 runs. The team's first series as an independent country was in 1948 against Australia at Brisbane. Australia were led by Sir Don Bradman while India was led by Lala Amarnath. The Australians returned home, winning the 5 Test series with the score 4-0. India's first ever Test victory came against England at Madras in 1952. India's first series victory was against Pakistan later the same year. In 1954, India drew a 5-Test series with Pakistan 0-0, the batting strength from India had come from Polly Umrigar and Vijay Manjrekar

"Indian cricket team in England in 1974"
Indian cricket team in England in 1974 The Indian cricket team toured England in the 1974 English domestic cricket season. After matches against many of county cricket and other minor teams, in April and May, the Indian team played three Test matches and two One-day Internationals against the England cricket team. The tour was a total disaster for the Indian cricket team with England winning all five of the matches. The season became known as the ""Summer of 42"", referring to the number of runs scored by India in its second innings in the Second Test at Lord's (also a

a particular instance or in general. There are very few clear examples of such powers in the United States, due to the nature of the Constitution, which grants different, but at times overlapping, roles to the three branches of federal government and to the states. For example, although the United States Congress, under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Commerce Clause), has been said to have ""plenary"" power over Interstate Commerce, this does not always preclude the states from passing laws that affect interstate commerce in some way. When an activity is legally classified as interstate commerce, historically the

Imperium
(""imperator"") had, in principle, absolute authority to apply the law within the scope of his magistracy or promagistracy. He could be vetoed or overruled either by a magistrate or promagistrate who was a colleague with equal power (e.g. a fellow consul) or by one whose ""imperium"" outranked his - that is, one of ""imperium maius"" (greater ""imperium)."" Some modern scholars such as A.H.M. Jones have defined ""imperium"" as ""the power vested by the state in a person to do what he considers to be in the best interests of the state"". ""Imperium"" can be distinguished from ""regnum"", or royal power,

Plenary power A plenary power or plenary authority is a complete and absolute power to take action on a particular issue, with no limitations. It is derived from the Latin term ""plenus"" (""full""). In United States constitutional law, plenary power is a power that has been granted to a body or person in absolute terms, with no review of or limitations upon the exercise of that power. The assignment of a plenary power to one body divests all other bodies from the right to exercise that power, where not otherwise entitled. Plenary powers are not subject to judicial review in

results have created national security concerns. The U.S. Supreme Court case ""Zadvydas v. Davis"" is cited as an example of the U.S. Supreme Court not following plenary power precedent. Plenary power A plenary power or plenary authority is a complete and absolute power to take action on a particular issue, with no limitations. It is derived from the Latin term ""plenus"" (""full""). In United States constitutional law, plenary power is a power that has been granted to a body or person in absolute terms, with no review of or limitations upon the exercise of that power. The assignment of a

"Congressional oversight"
ratification of the Constitution. The lack of debate was because oversight and its attendant authority were seen as an inherent power of representative assemblies which enacted public law. Oversight also derives from the many and varied express powers of the Congress in the Constitution. It is implied in the legislature's authority, among other powers and duties, to appropriate funds, enact laws, raise and support armies, provide for a Navy, declare war, and impeach and remove from office the President, Vice President, and other civil officers. Congress could not reasonably or responsibly exercise these powers without knowing what the executive was

Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government ""separate and distinct."" Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case ""Clinton v. The city of New York"" that Congress could not delegate a ""line-item veto"" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution. Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the

"Separation of powers"
the judiciary is kept independent, each branch controls the actions of others and balances its powers in some way. In the United States Constitution, Article 1 Section I gives Congress only those ""legislative powers herein granted"" and proceeds to list those permissible actions in Article I Section 8, while Section 9 lists actions that are prohibited for Congress. The vesting clause in Article II places no limits on the Executive branch, simply stating that, ""The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America."" The Supreme Court holds ""The judicial Power"" according to Article III,

"Inherent powers (United States)"
Inherent powers (United States) Inherent powers are powers held by a sovereign state. In the United States, the President derives these powers from the loosely worded statements in the Constitution that ""the executive Power shall be vested in a President"" and the president should ""take care that the laws be faithfully executed"" (defined in practice, rather than by constitutional or statutory law). In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1896)[1] was a Supreme Court decision involving Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. Debs (president of the American Railway Union) was involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894, and challenged the

"Grey's Anatomy"
with a two-hour episode, and ended on May 15, 2014. On May 8, 2014, ABC renewed the series for an eleventh season that aired from September 2014 to May 2015. In addition, the show was relocated to the Thursday 8:00pm EST time slot. After four seasons outside the top 25 rated shows, ""Grey's Anatomy"" was the number 15 show in the 2013–2014 season, the show's tenth. The show also re-entered the top five shows in the 18–49 viewer demographic. On May 7, 2015, ABC renewed the series for a twelfth season that premiered on September 24, 2015 and concluded on

The cast has undergone major changes through the series' run, with many members leaving and being replaced by others. In its fifteenth season, the show has a large ensemble of eleven actors, including four characters from the original cast (Meredith Grey, Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey, and Richard Webber). ""Grey's Anatomy"" was renewed for a fifteenth season, which premiered on September 27, 2018. The series' success catapulted such long-running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey, and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest-earning television actors in 2013. While the show's ratings have fallen over the course of its

Call"", """", aired during the beginning of the seventh season. Also during the seventh season, the series produced a musical episode entitled ""Song Beneath the Song"", featuring songs that became famous through their use in ""Grey's Anatomy"". The show received a twenty-four episode eighth season renewal, which commenced on September 22, 2011 with a two-hour episode, and ended on May 17, 2012. ""Grey's Anatomy"" was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 27, 2012 and ended on May 16, 2013. ""Grey's Anatomy"" was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013 and premiered on September 27, 2013

storyline involving both shows. After Private Practice ended, Amelia Sheppard appeared even more frequently on Grey's Anatomy. She was later cast as a series regular. On May 16, 2017, Channing Dungey announced at the ABC Upfronts that the network ordered another Grey's Anatomy spin-off, this one focusing on firefighters in Seattle. The series premiered mid-season in 2018. Stacy McKee, long-term Grey's writer and executive producer, serves as the spin-off's showrunner. The new show was introduced Season 14, Episode 13, when a house fire brings the firefighters to Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. In July 2017, it was announced that Jaina Lee

woman performed cardiac massage for 20 minutes before medical personal arrived and transferred the husband to Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The mid-season premiere of the fourteenth season was entitled ""1-800-799-7233"", the National Domestic Violence Hotline; upon release on January 18, 2018, the move was received favourably and viewers variously changed their Twitter usernames to the same and used the platform to bring awareness to both the hotline and the issue of domestic abuse. ""Greys Anatomy"" has received high viewership and ratings since its debut. The first four seasons of the program each ranked in the top ten among all viewers,

"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"
Grey's Anatomy (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode ""I Must Have Lost it on the Wind"" and concluded with the season finale ""You're My Home"" airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc

"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)"
Grey's Anatomy (season 12) The twelfth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. It premiered on September 24, 2015, in the United States on ABC. The twelfth season includes the show's 250th episode, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, which is the fifth episode in the season. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode ""Sledgehammer"" and concluded with ""Family Affair"". This season was the first

of college graduates"". Below is a table of ""Grey's Anatomy""s seasonal rankings in the U.S. television market, based on average total viewers per episode. Each U.S. network television season starts in September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps. ""Grey's Anatomy"" has won a number of awards. , the show has been nominated for twenty-five Primetime Emmy Awards, having been nominated for at least one every year, except in 2010. At the 57th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2005, Oh was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, which she went on to

"Panama Canal"
War William Howard Taft and was directed to avoid the inefficiency and corruption that had plagued the French 15 years earlier. On May 6, 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed John Findley Wallace, formerly chief engineer and finally general manager of the Illinois Central Railroad, as chief engineer of the Panama Canal Project. Overwhelmed by the disease-plagued country and forced to use often dilapidated French infrastructure and equipment, as well as being frustrated by the overly bureaucratic ICC, Wallace resigned abruptly in June 1905. He was succeeded by John Frank Stevens, a self-educated engineer who had built the Great Northern Railroad.

"History of the Panama Canal"
the three presidents whose terms spanned the construction period, Theodore Roosevelt is most associated with the canal and Woodrow Wilson presided over its opening. However, William Howard Taft may have given the canal its greatest impetus for the longest time. Taft visited Panama five times as Roosevelt's secretary of war and twice as president. He hired John Stevens and later recommended Goethals as Stevens' replacement. Taft became president in 1909, when the canal was half finished, and was in office for most of the remainder of the work. However, Goethals later wrote: ""The real builder of the Panama Canal was

of the Spooner Act, to pursue the Panamanian option, provided the necessary rights could be obtained. On January 22, 1903, the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán. For $10 million and an annual payment, it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. Bunau-Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt

Engineers, was assigned one of the most difficult parts: excavating the Culebra Cut through the continental divide to connect Gatun Lake to the Pacific Panama Canal locks. On October 10, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson sent a signal from the White House by telegraph which triggered the explosion that destroyed the Gamboa Dike. This flooded the Culebra Cut, thereby joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Panama Canal. (a floating crane built by Lobnitz & Company and launched in 1887) was the first self-propelled vessel to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. This vessel crossed the canal from the

be constructed above Gatun Lake's waterline. In 1907, Stevens resigned as chief engineer. His replacement, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt, was US Army Major George Washington Goethals of the US Army Corps of Engineers. Soon to be promoted to lieutenant colonel and later to general, he was a strong, West Point–trained leader and civil engineer with experience of canals (unlike Stevens). Goethals directed the work in Panama to a successful conclusion in 1914, two years ahead of the target date of June 10, 1916. Goethals divided the engineering and excavation work into three divisions: Atlantic, Central, and Pacific. The Atlantic

knows in the end the triumph of high achievement; and who, at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat. David du Bose Gaillard died of a brain tumor in Baltimore on December 5, 1913, at age 54. Promoted to colonel only a month earlier, Gaillard never saw the opening of the canal whose creation he directed. The Culebra Cut (as it was originally known) was renamed the Gaillard Cut on April 27, 1915, in his honor. A

new nation. On November 6, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, as Panama's ambassador to the United States, signed the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, granting rights to the United States to build and indefinitely administer the Panama Canal Zone and its defenses. This is sometimes misinterpreted as the ""99-year lease"" because of misleading wording included in article 22 of the agreement. Almost immediately, the treaty was condemned by many Panamanians as an infringement on their country's new national sovereignty. This would later become a contentious diplomatic issue among Colombia, Panama, and the United States. President Roosevelt famously stated, ""I took the Isthmus, started the canal

million was authorized by the June 28, 1902 Spooner Act. Since Panama was then part of Colombia, Roosevelt began negotiating with that country to obtain the necessary rights. In early 1903 the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by both nations, but the Senate of Colombia failed to ratify the treaty. Roosevelt implied to Panamanian rebels that if they revolted, the US Navy would assist their fight for independence. Panama declared its independence on November 3, 1903, and the USS ""Nashville"" impeded Colombian interference. The victorious Panamanians gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone on February 23, 1904, for

Atlantic-entrance tug used to haul barges, traversed the Gatun locks on September 26, 1913. The trip was successful, although the valves were controlled manually; the central control board was not yet ready. On October 10, 1913, the dike at Gamboa which had kept the Culebra Cut isolated from Gatun Lake was demolished; the detonation was made telegraphically by President Woodrow Wilson in Washington. On January 7, 1914, the ""Alexandre La Valley"", an old French crane boat, became the first ship to make a complete transit of the Panama Canal under its own steam after working its way across during the

by Panamanian rebels who aimed to separate from Colombia, and hoped that the United States would support the rebels with US troops and money. Roosevelt changed tactics, based in part on the Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty of 1846, and actively supported the separation of Panama from Colombia. Shortly after recognizing Panama, he signed a treaty with the new Panamanian government under terms similar to the Hay–Herrán Treaty. On November 2, 1903, US warships blocked sea lanes against possible Colombian troop movements en route to put down the Panama rebellion. Panama declared independence on November 3, 1903. The United States quickly recognized the

"Dirty Dancing"
at a time when the average cost for a film was $12 million. For choreographer, Bergstein chose Kenny Ortega, who had been trained by Gene Kelly. For a location, they did not find anything suitable in the Catskills (as many of the resorts had been shut down at that point), so they decided on a combination of two locations: Lake Lure, North Carolina and the Mountain Lake Hotel near Pembroke, Virginia, and with careful editing made it look like all shooting was done in the same area. Director Ardolino was adamant that they choose dancers who could also act, as

"Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
Baby's father. Billy Dee Williams as Tito, the band leader, Shane Harper as Robbie, joined the cast of the movie alongside Beau “Casper” Smart and J. Quinton Johnson. Later that month, Trevor Einhorn was tapped to play Neil Kellerman. In April 2016, Katey Sagal and Tony Roberts were respectively cast as Vivian Pressman and Max Kellerman. Filming was based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Most of the filming locations were across western North Carolina including Hendersonville Asheville, Cashiers and Saluda, with filming taking place in April and May 2016. People living in the Hendersonville area served as crew members, extras and

dancers, and they were invited to provide cars from the 1960s. Much of the filming took place at High Hampton Inn in Cashiers, as well as Kanuga Conference Center in Hendersonville. It created an estimated 1,225 jobs, including 900 extras, 30 cast members and 225 crew positions to support the project. The official poster was unveiled in March 2017, and features Breslin and Prattes in an embrace from their final dance in the movie. A 30-second teaser trailer was released a month before the television movie's release. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 19% based on

"Mountain Lake (Virginia)"
on-location filming of the 1987 hit movie ""Dirty Dancing"" which starred Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey. The Stone Lodge stood in for ""Kellerman's Resort"", a fictional mountain retreat in the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York. Like Kellerman's, the real Mountain Lake Hotel Resort also offers many indoor and outdoor activities for guests such as games like table tennis and billiards, water activities like paddle boating, canoeing, and fishing, and dry activities like mountain biking and hiking. The other site was the 1927 Lake Lure Inn located in Lake Lure, North Carolina. In addition to the Mountain Lake Hotel resort

film, Vestron chose Jimmy Ienner as music supervisor. Ienner, who had previously produced albums and songs for John Lennon and Three Dog Night, opted to stick with much of the music that had already been used during filming and obtained licenses for the songs from Bergstein's collection. He also enlisted Swayze to sing the new song ""She's Like the Wind"". Swayze had written the song a few years earlier with Stacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the film ""Grandview, U.S.A."" (1984). John Morris composed the film's score. The lyrics for the Kellermans' song that closes the

to , and with all the additional camera and lighting equipment needed for filming, the temperature inside could be as high as . According to choreographer Kenny Ortega, on one day 10 people passed out within 25 minutes of shooting. The elderly Paula Trueman collapsed and was taken to the local emergency room to be treated for dehydration. Patrick Swayze also required a hospital visit; insisting on doing his own stunts, he repeatedly fell off the log during the ""balancing"" scene and injured his knee so badly he had to have fluid drained from the swelling. Delays in the shooting

hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega. ""Dirty Dancing"" premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 1987 and was released on August 21, 1987 in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide. It was the first film to sell more than a million copies for home video, and its soundtrack created by Jimmy Ienner generating two multi-platinum

albums and multiple singles, including ""(I've Had) The Time of My Life"", which won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, and a Grammy Award for best duet. The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, """", and a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America. A made-for-TV remake was also released in 2017. In the summer of 1963 17-year-old Frances ""Baby"" Houseman is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's resort. Her father, Jake, is doctor and friend to Max Kellerman, the resort proprietor. Exploring one night, Baby surreptitiously

it, no matter how many takes Ardolino asked for. Swayze was impatient to finish the scene and found Grey's behavior annoying. However, the producers decided the scene worked as it was and put it into the film, complete with Grey's giggling and Swayze's annoyed expression. It became one of the most famous scenes in the movie, turning out, as choreographer Kenny Ortega put it, ""as one of the most delicate and honest moments in the film."" The shooting wrapped on October 27, 1986, both on-time and on-budget. No one on the team, however, liked the rough cut that was put

dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985 while she was researching the story. She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script into turnaround, or limbo. Bergstein then shopped the script around to other studios but was repeatedly rejected, until she brought it to Vestron Pictures, the newly formed studio division of Stamford, Connecticut, based Vestron Inc., the leading independent home video distribution company. While honing their pitch to Vestron, Gottlieb and Bergstein chose Emile Ardolino as the film's director, who had won the 1983 Academy Award for the documentary, ""He

"The Polar Express (film)"
The Polar Express (film) The Polar Express is a 2004 American 3D computer-animated film based on the 1985 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg, who also served as one of the executive producers on the film. Directed, co-written and co-produced by Robert Zemeckis, the film features human characters animated using live action motion capture animation. The film stars Daryl Sabara, Nona Gaye, Jimmy Bennett, and Eddie Deezen, with Tom Hanks in six distinct roles. The film also included a performance by Tinashe at age 9, who later gained exposure as a pop singer in the 2010s,

"Jimmy Pinchak"
Jimmy Pinchak Jimmy Jax Pinchak (born February 16, 1996) is an American actor and musician known for playing roles in television series and films. Born James Justin Pinchak, he grew up in Point Pleasant, New Jersey. He acted the movements for ""Know-It-All"" in the computer-animated movie ""The Polar Express"" (voice was provided by Eddie Deezen) and played the lead in made-for-TV movie ""All I Want For Christmas"", ""Hostage"" and ""Meteor"". He also played Eddy in ""Over There"" and Mark in ""Let Me In"", a remake of the Swedish film ""Let the Right One In"". In 2008, he starred in the

"Jordan Gavaris"
Jordan Gavaris Jordan James Gavaris (born September 25, 1989) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Felix Dawkins in the BBC America and Space television series ""Orphan Black"" (2013–2017). Gavaris was born and raised in Caledon, Ontario, Canada. His father is a Greek immigrant, who worked for the Toronto District School Board before leaving to develop real estate in Toronto. His mother was born in Canada, and is of northern European descent. She formerly had a career with ""The Globe and Mail"". He is the youngest of three children. Gavaris made his feature film debut

Castle since 2007. Pinchak is currently studying Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. Jimmy Pinchak Jimmy Jax Pinchak (born February 16, 1996) is an American actor and musician known for playing roles in television series and films. Born James Justin Pinchak, he grew up in Point Pleasant, New Jersey. He acted the movements for ""Know-It-All"" in the computer-animated movie ""The Polar Express"" (voice was provided by Eddie Deezen) and played the lead in made-for-TV movie ""All I Want For Christmas"", ""Hostage"" and ""Meteor"". He also played Eddy in ""Over There"" and Mark in ""Let Me In"", a remake of

"Jussie Smollett"
Jussie Smollett Jussie Smollett (born June 21, 1982) is an American actor, singer, director and photographer. He began his career as a child actor in 1987 starring in commercials and films, including ""The Mighty Ducks"" (1992) and Rob Reiner's ""North"" (1994). In 2015, Smollett attracted international attention and received rave reviews for his portrayal of musician Jamal Lyon in the Fox drama series ""Empire."" Smollett has also appeared in Ridley Scott's science fiction film """" as Ricks and in ""Marshall"" as Langston Hughes. Smollett was born Justin Smollett in Santa Rosa, California, and is the third of six children born

"Kyle Kaplan"
Kyle Kaplan Kyle Joseph Kaplan (born 16 July 1989 or 16 July 1990) is an American actor. At the age of 13, Kaplan toured with Jim Henson's Bear and the Big Blue House Live! across the U.S. and United Kingdom for ten months. He also performed at the Los Angeles Stage Ovation Awards in 2004. He is a member of a comedy improvisation troupe in Los Angeles. Early in his career, he was the subject of a German filmmaker's documentary called ""Hollywood Kids"". Kaplan's current focus is on television and film. He played Greg Grunberg's nephew in NBC's ""Grand Union""

"The Polar Express"
and directed by Robert Zemeckis, the film features human characters animated using the live action performance capture technique. The film stars Daryl Sabara, Nona Gaye, Jimmy Bennett, Michael Jeter, Eddie Deezen and Tom Hanks. The film was first released in both conventional and IMAX 3D theaters November 10, 2004 and grossed $307 million worldwide. The Polar Express The Polar Express is a children's book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now widely considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children. It was praised for its detailed illustrations

"Josh Hutcherson"
Peter Falk and Tim Daly in the television film, ""Wilder Days"", playing Falk's grandson who accompanies him on a turbulent road trip. Daly was impressed with the young Hutcherson, remarking, ""He's an exceptional kid. He's a really good actor, and he's very smart and confident in himself."" Hutcherson's next role was as a boy dressed as Robin in his first feature film appearance, the well-reviewed independent film ""American Splendor"", which won the grand jury prize at the Sundance Film Festival. His character in 2004's fantasy film ""The Polar Express"", young Hero Boy, was created by motion-capture of his facial expressions

"Dylan Bruce"
Dylan Bruce Dylan Bruce (born April 21, 1980) is a Canadian actor known for his roles as Chris Hughes on the CBS daytime soap opera ""As the World Turns"" and Paul Dierden on BBC America and Space's ""Orphan Black"". Bruce was born on April 21, 1980, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and raised in Boundary Bay. Bruce attended University of Washington in Seattle, Washington and graduated with a degree in Drama and Economics before moving to Los Angeles, California. He launched his career by modeling in Seattle through Seattle Models Guild. He appeared on the cover of the November 10, 2004,

"Max Thieriot"
short films, before being cast in his first feature film role, 2004's adventure film ""Catch That Kid"", alongside Kristen Stewart and Corbin Bleu. He was subsequently cast in 2005's action comedy film ""The Pacifier"", portraying one of the family members protected by a Navy SEAL (Vin Diesel). He was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor for his role. Thieriot then appeared in the drama ""The Astronaut Farmer"" (2007) and the film adaptation of ""Nancy Drew"" (2007). In 2008, he played a younger version of Hayden Christensen's character in ""Jumper""

"Thursday Night Football"
Thursday Night Football Thursday Night Football (often abbreviated as TNF, branded as Thursday Night Football presented by Bud Light for sponsorship reasons) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8:20 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special). Debuting on November 23, 2006, the

week of September and the second week of December, to protect high school and college football. Since most high school and college seasons have ended by mid-December, other than bowl games, there has been little desire to close this loophole, even though the regular season has expanded well beyond mid-December since the law's passage. In 2005, when the NFL negotiated a new set of television contracts, Comcast-owned OLN offered to pay $450 million for an eight-year contract to carry NFL prime time games. In exchange, Comcast planned to add NFL Network to its digital cable lineup. The channel was added,

the package to air exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy its carriage agreements. The package was also extended to Week 16 of the season, and included a new Saturday doubleheader split between CBS and NFL Network. On January 18, 2015, CBS and NFL Network extended the same arrangement for a second season. In the 2016 and 2017, the NFL continued with a similar arrangement, but adding NBC as a second rightsholder alongside CBS, with each network airing five games on broadcast television each. In 2018, the NFL reached a long-term deal with Fox to hold the rights through 2022. The

the New England Patriots close out a perfect regular season was simulcast nationally on both CBS and NBC, in addition to NFL Network and the local stations that the game was sold to, following concerns from politicians and other critics. In 2014, the NFL shifted the package to a new model to increase its prominence. The entire ""TNF"" package would be produced by a separate rightsholder, who would hold rights to simulcast a portion of the package on their respective network. CBS was the first rightsholder under this model, airing nine games on broadcast television, and producing the remainder of

games are broadcast on radio via Westwood One, which syndicates the broadcasts to its partner radio stations around the United States. In 2016, the NFL also began to sub-license digital streaming rights to the broadcast TV portion of the package to third-parties, beginning with Twitter in 2016, and Amazon Prime Video in 2017, which Amazon and the NFL renewed their contract through 2019, with Twitch set to air some games in 2018. The NFL Network's coverage was not the first time that NFL games were covered on Thursday or Saturday. Prior to the new contract, ESPN carried a handful of

per league broadcast policies, were simulcast on local stations in the participating teams' markets. CBS affiliates were given right of first refusal to air the local simulcast before it is offered to another station (as had occurred in Cincinnati, Ohio where the market's NBC affiliate WLWT aired a game between the Bengals and the Cleveland Browns instead of CBS affiliate WKRC-TV). A Saturday doubleheader was also added on Week 16: NFL Network aired the early game, while CBS aired the second, prime time game. The NFL considered CBS's bid to be the most attractive, owing to the network's overall ratings

2017, it was announced that Amazon.com had acquired non-exclusive streaming rights to the 10 broadcast television games for the 2017 season over their Amazon Prime Video service, under a deal valued at $50 million, a five-fold increase over the $10 million paid by Twitter. The streams will be exclusive to paid Prime subscribers. The deal includes $30 million worth of promotion. Amazon planned several special features for its inaugural game, including broadcasting alternate feeds with Spanish, Portuguese and British English commentary (the last of which being intended for those unfamiliar with the rules and terminology of American football), and a

package due to its short-term nature, and that Fox was attempting to outbid CBS. On February 1, 2016, the NFL announced that ""Thursday Night Football"" would be shared between CBS, NBC, and NFL Network for the 2016 and 2017 seasons. CBS and NBC would each air five games (resulting in a schedule of 10 games on broadcast TV in comparison to 8 under the previous deal), followed by an additional eight games exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy NFL Network's retransmission consent contracts with cable providers; the eight NFL Network-exclusive games included six Thursday contests, a Sunday morning International Series

under the previous contract, totalling an estimated $660 million per season. Amazon renewed its digital rights for the 2018 and 2019 season; in contrast to 2017 in which the games required an Amazon Prime subscription, for 2018 and 2019, Amazon also carries game coverage for free on its live streaming platform Twitch. Alongside the main Fox feed, British English, and Spanish options, the Amazon Prime streams offer an alternate commentary feed featuring ESPN anchor Hannah Storm and NFL Network chief correspondent Andrea Kremer—the first all-female commentary team in NFL history. The Twitch streams offer access to the service's standard chat

sporadic Thursday night games (usually those displaced from Sunday night) and the broadcast networks used to air several national games on Saturday afternoons in mid-to-late December after the college football regular season ended. Incidentally, the only reason the league is even allowed to televise football games on Saturday night stems from a legal loophole: the league's antitrust exemption, the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961, was written when the NFL regular season ended in mid-December, and as such, it contains specific language that prohibits televising NFL games in most markets on Friday nights and all day on Saturdays between the second

"How You Remind Me"
How You Remind Me ""How You Remind Me"" is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released on August 21, 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album ""Silver Side Up"" (2001). A ""Gold Mix"" was made for latter editions of the single with the heavier guitars edited out of the chorus. Lead vocalist and guitarist Chad Kroeger wrote the song about his old girlfriend Jodi, with whom he had a dysfunctional relationship. He referred to this song as the song that put Nickelback on the map when played at their concert in Sturgis, South Dakota,

December 2012 as a digital download from the ""One Piece Film: Z Original Soundtrack"". The 2-track promotional CD single was released on the next day, exclusive to Japan. The song was re-released on 19 December 2013 by iTunes Stores as a digital download promotional single for her self-titled fifth album. Later, it was included in the Japan, Taiwan and China Tour Edition of the album as one of the bonus tracks. Lavigne was in the studio with Kroeger working on her fifth studio album when she was asked to contribute a song to the film, but didn't have time to

"U Remind Me"
U Remind Me ""U Remind Me"" is a song by American entertainer Usher. It was written by Anita McCloud and Edmund Clement and produced by the latter along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for Usher's third studio album ""8701"" (2001). A fast-paced mid-tempo contemporary R&B track, the song is about a man who meets a woman who seems like a nice catch, but he decides not to enter a relationship with her because she looks too much like an ex-girlfriend with whom he had a bad breakup. The song served as the lead American single from ""8701"" following the

"Remind Me to Forget"
Remind Me to Forget ""Remind Me to Forget"" is a song recorded by Norwegian record producer Kygo, featuring guest vocals from American singer Miguel. Written by David Phelan, Alex Oriet, Phil Plested and produced by Kygo, it was released on 16 March 2018 by Sony Music, Ultra Music and RCA Records, as the third single from Kygo's second studio album, ""Kids in Love"" (2017). On 8 March 2018, a short clip of the song first surfaced on the internet. On 10 March 2018, Kygo announced the song on Instagram and Facebook with a series of promotional photos. ""Remind Me to

and is often considered to be their signature song. ""How You Remind Me"" was named the number one most played song on U.S. radio of the 2000s decade by Nielsen Soundscan, being spun over 1.2 million times on U.S. airwaves since its release in 2001 to the end of 2009. The song was named fourth on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Songs of the Decade and 75th in the UK decade-end chart. It was nominated for the ""Kerrang!"" Award for Best Single. ""How You Remind Me"" was also rated the number one rock song and number 4 alternative song of the

"Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song)"
was released on 18 March 2016. Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song) ""Remind Me"" is the fourth solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 5 February 2016 and taken from his debut extended play, ""All I Know"". The song was used in television commercials, promoting the 2016 season of ""Home and Away"". Sewell said ""The lyric came from missing someone or finishing a relationship or even someone that's just not around anymore in your life. You know, it's love and loss."" A Steve James remix was released on 15 April 2016. A Matvey Emerson remix was released

release of previous single ""Pop Ya Collar"" which was only included in some editions of the album. ""U Remind Me"" topped the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on July 7, 2001 and also reached the top five in Australia, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The song won Usher his first Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002. Its accompanying music video features Chilli of TLC as one the female leads. ""U Remind Me"" is a contemporary R&B song written in the key of G major, and is set in common time with a

Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song) ""Remind Me"" is the fourth solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 5 February 2016 and taken from his debut extended play, ""All I Know"". The song was used in television commercials, promoting the 2016 season of ""Home and Away"". Sewell said ""The lyric came from missing someone or finishing a relationship or even someone that's just not around anymore in your life. You know, it's love and loss."" A Steve James remix was released on 15 April 2016. A Matvey Emerson remix was released on 6 May 2016. The video

the top single of 2002 by ""Billboard"" magazine. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA in 2005, for sales of over 500,000 copies, and by late 2010 it had sold around 860,000 copies total. The song went on to rack up four ""Billboard"" Music Awards, four Juno Awards. ""How You Remind Me"" was the number one Most Played Song of 2002 in the United States, across all formats, according to ""Billboard"" Monitor. In 2003, the song was nominated for Grammy Award for Record of the Year. ""How You Remind Me"" was the number one song on the ""Billboard""'s 2002

"Reminding Me"
Reminding Me ""Reminding Me"" is a song recorded as a duet by Canadian singer-songwriter Shawn Hook and American actress and singer Vanessa Hudgens. Hook co-wrote the pop ballad with Jonas Jeberg and Ethan Thompson. It was released to digital retailers on April 21, 2017, through Hollywood Records and Universal Music Canada as the lead single for Hook's forthcoming fourth studio album, and Hook's EP ""My Side of Your Story"". ""Reminding Me"" also impacted American contemporary hit radio on May 16, 2017. ""Reminding Me"" debuted at number 92 on the ""Billboard"" Canadian Hot 100 chart dated May 20, 2017. An accompanying

"Prime Minister of Italy"
became the youngest Prime Minister in Italian history. Renzi proposed several reforms, including a radical overhaul of the Senate, a new electoral law and the reduction of the costs of politics. A lot of analysts, journalists and politicians thought that these steps meant the end of the Second Republic and the beginning of the Third. However, the proposed reforms were rejected on 4 December 2016 by a referendum. Following the referendum's results, Renzi resigned and his Foreign Affairs Minister Paolo Gentiloni was appointed new Prime Minister. On 1 June 2018, Giuseppe Conte was sworn in as Prime Minister, at the

"Giuseppe Conte"
CV that he had worked on his legal studies at the Kultur Institute in Vienna, Austria. However, this is a Language School and not a Law Faculty. Giuseppe Conte Giuseppe Conte (; born 8 August 1964) is an Italian jurist and politician serving as the 58th and current Prime Minister of Italy since 1 June 2018. A professor of private law, Conte was first proposed on 21 May 2018 for the role of Prime Minister as the head of a coalition government between the Five Star Movement and the League, but he relinquished his role when Paolo Savona, who was

Giuseppe Conte Giuseppe Conte (; born 8 August 1964) is an Italian jurist and politician serving as the 58th and current Prime Minister of Italy since 1 June 2018. A professor of private law, Conte was first proposed on 21 May 2018 for the role of Prime Minister as the head of a coalition government between the Five Star Movement and the League, but he relinquished his role when Paolo Savona, who was picked for Minister of Economy and Finance, was vetoed by President Sergio Mattarella. On 31 May, the two parties reached an agreement, proposing Giovanni Tria as Minister

"2018 Italian government formation"
formed. On 24 March 2018, following the elections of the presidents of the two houses of the Italian Parliament, Roberto Fico of the M5S, and Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati of Forza Italia (FI), Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni resigned his post to President Sergio Mattarella. In accordance with common practice in Italy, Mattarella asked the prime minister to remain in office to deal with the current affairs until a new cabinet is formed. On 31 May 2018, following 88 days of negotiations and several impasses, law professor Giuseppe Conte was appointed as the prime minister with support from the League and

"Gentiloni Cabinet"
Gentiloni Cabinet The Gentiloni Cabinet, led by Paolo Gentiloni, was the 64th cabinet of the Italian Republic. The government, in office from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018, was led by Gentiloni's Democratic Party (PD). It originally included the New Centre-Right (NCD) and the Centrists for Europe (CpE) as junior partners, and also included non-party independents. The NCD was later folded into Popular Alternative (AP). On 7 December 2016, Prime Minister Matteo Renzi announced his resignation, following the rejection of his proposals to overhaul the Senate in the 2016 constitutional referendum. A few days later, on 11 December 2016,

the third time in May 2008. In November 2011, Berlusconi lost his majority in the Chamber of Deputies and resigned. His successor Mario Monti formed a new government, composed by ""technicians"" and supported by both the center-left and the center-right. In April 2013 after the general election in February, the Vice Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) Enrico Letta led a government composed by both center-left and the center-right. On 22 February 2014, after tensions in the Democratic Party the PD's Secretary Matteo Renzi was sworn in as the new Prime Minister. Only 39 years old upon taking office, he

the split of the Democratic and Progressive Movement from the Democratic Party, that party was presented by one deputy minister in the government until 3 October 2017. Gentiloni Cabinet The Gentiloni Cabinet, led by Paolo Gentiloni, was the 64th cabinet of the Italian Republic. The government, in office from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018, was led by Gentiloni's Democratic Party (PD). It originally included the New Centre-Right (NCD) and the Centrists for Europe (CpE) as junior partners, and also included non-party independents. The NCD was later folded into Popular Alternative (AP). On 7 December 2016, Prime Minister Matteo

"Matteo Salvini"
launch a brand-new party and absorb most of the centre-right parties into it. On 1 June 2018, Matteo Salvini was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. He immediately stated that his main aim was to drastically reduce the number of illegal immigrants to Italy. Early in his tenure, numerous media outlets noted that despite Salvini's junior status in the governing coalition, he placed himself in a role even more dominant than Conte and appeared to set Italy's agenda. The media also noted Salvini's ""savvy social media presence."" Days after taking his oath, the new Interior

even further. Following this agreement, Cottarelli resigned from his mandate to form a government, and Conte was again formally invited by President Mattarella to form a government, which he promptly announced following his meeting at the Quirinal Palace. The Conte Cabinet, with Di Maio and Salvini as joint deputy prime ministers, was formally sworn in on 1 June 2018. On 5 June 2018, the Conte Cabinet was granted the confidence of the Senate by receiving 171 votes in favor and 117 votes against (25 senators abstained; 7 senators did not vote, among which 6 were absent). Senators for life Elena

"Matteo Renzi"
Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi (; born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from February 2014 until December 2016. After the rejection of his constitutional reform in the December 2016 referendum, Renzi formally resigned on 12 December when Foreign Affairs Minister Paolo Gentiloni was appointed new head of the government by President Sergio Mattarella. Renzi served, with a brief interruption, as Secretary of the Democratic Party from 2013 to 2018, when he resigned after the 2018 electoral defeat. He was also President of the Province of Florence from 2004 to 2009 and

"History of the New York City Subway"
lease of 35 years, was executed between the commission and the Rapid Transit Construction Company on September 11, with construction beginning at State Street in Manhattan on November 8, 1902. Belmont incorporated the IRT in April 1902 as the operating company for both contracts; the IRT leased the Manhattan Railway, operator of the four elevated railway lines in Manhattan and the Bronx, on April 1, 1903. Operation of the subway began on October 27, 1904, with the opening of all stations from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. Service was extended to 157th Street on November

"New York City Subway"
financial reasons, although extensions had been planned to take the tunnel southward to the Battery and northwards towards the Harlem River. (In 1912, workers excavating for the present-day BMT Broadway Line dug into the old Beach tunnel; today, no part of this line remains as the tunnel was completely within the limits of the present day City Hall Station under Broadway.) The Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. A plan for the construction of the subway was approved in 1894, and construction began in 1900. The first underground line of the subway opened

on October 27, 1904, almost 36 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. The fare was $0.05 and on the first day the trains carried over 150,000 passengers. The oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. The oldest right-of-way, which is part of the BMT West End Line near Coney Island Creek, was in use in 1864 as a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney

completion, New York City offered it for private operation as a formality, knowing that no operator would meet its terms. Thus the city declared that it would operate it itself, formalizing a foregone conclusion. The first line opened without a formal ceremony. The trains began operating their regular schedules ahead of time, and all stations of the Eighth Avenue Line, from 207th Street in Inwood to Hudson Terminal (now World Trade Center), opened simultaneously at one minute after midnight on September 10, 1932. On January 1, 1936, a second trunk line—the Sixth Avenue Line—opened from West Fourth Street (where it

the New York Rapid Transit Corporation. A contract, later known as Contract 1, was executed on February 21, 1900, between the commission and the Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont, for the construction of the subway and a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. Ground was broken at City Hall on March 24. A plan for an extension from City Hall to the Long Island Rail Road's Flatbush Avenue terminal station (now known as Atlantic Terminal) in Brooklyn was adopted on January 24, 1901, and Contract 2, giving a

how best to design and operate a subway car that could carry the most passengers the most efficiently. The rolling stock, however, had to be the same track gauge so the trains could interoperate under the Dual Contracts. The Fourth Avenue and Sea Beach Lines were opened on June 19, 1915, after years of delays for building of these lines and the Nassau Street Line. The first BRT section, however, had opened on September 16, 1908, from Essex Street across the Williamsburg Bridge, but using narrow-width cars. Until the completion of the Fourth Avenue Line, there was a tram across

"New York City Subway stations"
merged in 1940: the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), and the Independent Subway System (IND). The privately held IRT, founded in 1902, constructed and operated the first underground railway line in New York City. The opening of the first line on October 27, 1904 is commonly cited as the opening of the modern New York City Subway, although some elevated lines of the IRT and BMT that were initially incorporated into the New York City Subway system but then demolished predate this. The oldest sections of elevated lines still in operation were built in 1885.

the line that opened later; 191st Street and 207th Street. 191st Street was not open until January 14, 1911 because the elevators and other work had not yet been completed. 207th Street was completed in 1906, but since it was located in a sparsely occupied area, the station was opened in 1907. The initial segment of the IRT White Plains Road Line opened on November 26, 1904 between East 180th Street and Jackson Avenue. Initially, trains on the line were served by elevated trains from the IRT Second Avenue Line and the IRT Third Avenue Line, with a connection running

was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as Chelsea and Greenwich Village. South of Chambers Street, two branches were constructed. The first branch ran to the Battery via Greenwich Street, while the second branch turned eastward under Park Place and Beeckman Street and down William Street, running under the East River through a tunnel before running under Clark Street and Fulton Street until it reached a junction at Borough Hall with the existing Contract 2 IRT Brooklyn Line. On June 3, 1917, the first portion of the

Island Rail Road. By the time the first subway opened in 1904, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, BMT) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). The city built most of the lines and leased them to the companies. The first line of the city-owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but stayed within the core of the City due to its

"Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series"
on the track. The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway, where the record average speed is and the record qualifying lap is , set by Bill Elliott in 1987. The record stands unlikely to be broken, as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds. The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway, a road course with a record average speed of only and a record qualifying lap of , and Martinsville Speedway, a short, nearly flat ""paper clip"" oval, with a record average speed of and a record qualifying lap of . The average speed of a race

"Indianapolis 500 pace cars"
criticism from fans and media, especially when the start was strung out single file, breaking tradition. In 2010, officials announced they were going to police the parade and pace laps closer, requiring the drivers to stay in the rows of three during the extent of the warm up period. In later years, the Speedway began experimenting with using pop culture celebrities driving the pace cars, a change that has met with mixed responses from fans. Racers have taken the position in more recent years. A. J. Foyt drove in 2011, Dario Franchitti drove in 2014, and Jeff Gordon, a five-time

on the track. Actual pace cars are rare and most are kept and owned by the Speedway museum and the manufacturers. Traditionally, the make of the pace car has always been a domestic American brand. In 1991, the Dodge Stealth was originally named the pace car. However, the UAW, along with traditionalists, protested since the Stealth was a captive import built by Mitsubishi in Japan. Shortly before the race, the Stealth was downgraded to be the festival car. The pre-production Dodge Viper RT/10 was substituted on race day. In 2001 and 2003, trucks were used instead of pace cars. In

"Sprint car racing"
an engine displacement of 410 cubic inches (6.7L) capable of engine speeds of 9000 rpm. Depending on the mechanical setup (engine, gearing, shocks, etc.) and the track layout these cars achieve speeds in excess of . A lower budget and very popular class of sprint cars uses 360 cubic inch (5.9L) engines that produce approximately . Sprint cars do not utilize a transmission, they have an in or out gear box and quick change rear differentials for occasional gearing changes. As a result, they do not have electric starters (or even electrical systems other than magneto / ignition) and require

be raced. Eventually, cars were made expressly for NASCAR competition, including the Ford Torino Talladega, which had a rounded nose, and the Dodge Charger Daytona and Plymouth Superbird which had a rear wing raised above roof level and a shark shaped nose-cap which enabled race speeds of exactly 200 mph. The Ford-based Mercury Spoiler powered by a Ford Boss 429 engine was timed at 199.6 mph. Beginning in 1971, NASCAR rewrote the rules to effectively force the Ford and Chrysler specialty cars out of competition by limiting them to 305ci (5.0L). The cars affected by this rule include the Ford

Sprint car racing Sprint cars are high-powered race cars designed primarily for the purpose of running on short oval or circular dirt or paved tracks. Sprint car racing is popular primarily in the United States of America and Canada, as well as Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Sprint cars have very high power-to-weight ratios, with weights of approximately (including the driver) for 410 sprint cars; power outputs of over are commonplace for these machines, which are around 140-340 more horsepower than Formula One engines. Typically, they are powered by a naturally aspirated, mechanically fuel injected (methanol) American V8 with

the Indianapolis 500. Prior to that, series engine provider Oldsmobile (1997-2001) had a similar arrangement, and provided the pace car three times over a five-year period. Chevrolet has had a contract to provide the pace car for the Brickyard 400 since 1994. Since 1936, the winner of the race has traditionally been awarded a pace car. In some years, and in most cases for the past several decades, the winner is actually presented with one of the official street-legal pace car replicas. Starting in 2010, a modified Dallara IR03, converted to a two-seater, has also led the field during the

Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911. The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes. At the start of the race, the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps. Then if the officials deem appropriate, it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race. In addition, during yellow flag caution periods, the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader, bunching the field up at a reduced speed. Prior to the first

"Motor-paced racing"
kept audiences enthralled for many decades in Europe and, at one time, in North America. Tens of thousands watched, especially in Germany. The popularity of this form of pacing declined in the latter part of the 20th century. There were few rules. Pacing machines had small rollers set sideways behind the back wheel to avoid crashes caused by the rider touching the back of the motorcycle, but there were few other regulations. Race distances extended to six days, although one-hour and contests were more common. Windshields were briefly allowed but abandoned after the world championship in 1904. Speeds rose and

"Safety car"
control of the Dodge Challenger pace car and crashed into a photography stand, injuring several people. The blame for the crash was never fully determined, as officials realized that an orange cone (or perhaps an orange flag), which was to identify Palmer's braking point, was accidentally removed. In the last 50 years, the Pontiac Trans Am, Chevrolet Camaro, Chevrolet Corvette, Oldsmobile Cutlass, and Ford Mustang are the only models that have been selected as pace cars three or more times. During the IndyCar Series season, however, Johnny Rutherford is the normal driver of the IRL pace car for all events.

Olympic Committee; accompanied by Halina Gordon-Poltorak, ISU Ice Dance Technical Committee Chair, Fabio Bianchetti, ISU Single and Pair Skating Technical Committee Chair, and Christopher Buchanan, ISU Synchronized Skating Technical Committee Chair. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: This record was shortly broken in the 2018 Winter Olympics Ladies's Short Program by Alina Zagitova with a score of 82.92. Evgenia broke her own record with a score of 81.61, before Zagitova scored higher after skating after. A total of 10 teams

"Irina Slutskaya"
Irina Slutskaya Irina Eduardovna Slutskaya ( ; born 9 February 1979) is a Russian former figure skater. She is a two-time World champion (2002, 2005), two-time Olympic medalist (silver in 2002, bronze in 2006), seven-time European champion (1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006), a four-time Grand Prix Final champion (2000–2002, 2005) and a four-time Russian national champion (2000–2002, 2005). Slutskaya, known for her athletic ability, was the first female skater to land a triple lutz-triple loop combination. She is also known for her trademark double Biellmann spin with a foot change, which she also invented. With her women's record

"Carolina Kostner"
short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals awarded only for team results."" Carolina Kostner Carolina Kostner (; born 8 February 1987) is an Italian figure skater. She is the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2012 World champion, a five-time European champion (2007–2008, 2010, 2012–2013), and the 2011 Grand Prix Final champion. She is also a medalist at five other World Championships (2005, 2008, 2011, 2013–14), six other European Championships (2006, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2018), and three other Grand Prix Finals (2007, 2008, 2010), the 2003 World Junior bronze medalist, and a nine-time Italian

"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles"
Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: The Olympic Athletes from Russia set two subsequent world records in the short program on February 21, with Evgenia Medvedeva scoring 81.61 and then Alina

"Ksenia Stolbova"
Ksenia Stolbova Ksenia Andreyevna Stolbova (; born 7 February 1992) is a Russian pair skater. With partner Fedor Klimov, she is the 2014 Olympic silver medalist, the 2014 Olympic champion in the team event, the 2014 World silver medalist, a three-time European medalist (2012 bronze, 2014, 2015 silver), the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final champion, the 2013 Winter Universiade champion, a two-time World Junior medalist (2010 bronze, 2011 silver), and a three-time Russian national champion (2014, 2015, 2017). Ksenia Andreyevna Stolbova was born on 7 February 1992 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. She attended the Lesgaft Academy of Physical Education in Saint

"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles"
February 2014. The skaters are ranked according to their overall score. Short Program judges Free Skating judges Immediately after the final scores were announced, journalistic questions arose regarding whether 17 year old Adelina Sotnikova's performance deserved higher scores than the performances of the 23 year old figure skater Yuna Kim. Questions over the judges, the judging system, and the anonymity of scores were also raised in the press. On 21 February 2014, the International Skating Union (ISU) issued a statement which asserted all rules and procedures were applied during the competition and that no official protest had been filed by

Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program took place on 19 February 2014, and the free skating took place on 20 February. Adelina Sotnikova of Russia won the gold medal. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following ISU season best scores (2013–2014) were set during this competition: The short program (SP) took place on 19 February 2014. The Free skating took place on 20

"Katarina Witt"
Witt from defecting by giving her cars, accommodations, and permitted travel. Witt found 3,000 pages on her life from the age of eight. Katarina Witt Katarina Witt (; born 3 December 1965) is a retired German figure skater. Witt won two Olympic gold medals for East Germany, first at the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics and the second at the 1988 Calgary Olympics. She is a four-time World Champion (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988) and two-time World silver medalist (1982, 1986). A feat only equalled by Sonja Henie among female skaters, Witt won six consecutive European Championships (1983–1988). Her media work since retiring

Zagitova scoring 82.92 ten minutes later. A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete in the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 20.00 and the

"Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles"
Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The short program was held on February 23, 2010 and the free skating was held on February 25, 2010. Yuna Kim from South Korea won the gold medal setting three world best scores. Mao Asada from Japan became the first lady to accomplish one triple axel during the short program and two during the free program at the Olympics. The ladies' short program was held on February 23, 2010.

"The Deer Hunter (novel)"
The Deer Hunter (novel) The Deer Hunter is a novelization by the American writer E. M. Corder based upon the screenplay by Deric Washburn and Michael Cimino of the 1978 war drama film ""The Deer Hunter"", a film that won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. The novel is set in southern Vietnam, in Pittsburgh and in working-class Clairton, Pennsylvania, a Monongahela River town south of Pittsburgh. The book follows a trio of Rusyn American steel worker friends—Michael ""Mike"" Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nikanor ""Nick"" Chevotarevich—both before and during their infantry service in the Vietnam War. The

nomination (for Best Supporting Actress); she would go on to become the most nominated actor in history. In 1996 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"", and was named the 53rd greatest American film of all time by the American Film Institute in 2007 in their 10th Anniversary Edition of the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. In the small working class town of Clairton, Pennsylvania, in late 1967, steel workers Mike Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nick Chevotarevich, with the support of their friends

The Deer Hunter The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after they fought in the Vietnam War. The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, with John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza playing supporting roles. The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam. The film was based in part on an unproduced screenplay called ""The

"Hunter (Pierce novel)"
Joseph Paul Franklin, a white supremacist serial killer who murdered up to 22 people in sniper-style attacks. The story is set in the United States, presumably during the late 1980s or early 1990s. It begins with Yeager in the middle of a personal campaign of assassination, initially shooting racially mixed couples in parking lots before escalating to more sophisticated methods against higher-profile targets, including prominent journalists and politicians whom Yeager sees as promoting racial mixing. At the same time, Yeager and his girlfriend are developing connections with a white nationalist group. After several successful and increasingly ambitious attacks, Yeager is

"The Deer and the Cauldron"
deer symbolises the common people of China, who are at the mercy of ruthless warlords vying succeed the fallen Qin dynasty. The title indicates one of the major themes of the novel, the struggle of Han Chinese supporters of the fallen Ming dynasty to free China from the rule of the invading Manchu Qing dynasty. The story centres on a witty, sly, illiterate and lazy protagonist, Wei Xiaobao, who was born to a prostitute from a brothel in Yangzhou in the early Qing dynasty. The teenage scamp makes his way from Yangzhou to the capital, Beijing, through a series of

"The Deer Park"
roman à clef, the metaphorical ""Deer Park"" is Desert D'Or, California (a fictionalized Palm Springs). A fashionable desert resort, Hollywood's elite converge there for fun and games and relaxation. The novel's protagonist, Sergius O'Shaughnessy (a recently discharged Air Force officer), is a would-be novelist who experiences the moral depravity of the Hollywood community first hand. The title refers to the Parc-aux-Cerfs (""Deer Park""), a resort Louis XV of France kept stocked with young women for his personal pleasure. Norman Mailer adapted his novel into a play. It opened Off-Broadway at the Theatre de Lys (now the Lucille Lortel Theatre) on

"Time to Hunt"
a friend from another ranch. His wife is shot and nearly killed by a sniper, and the friend is killed. Bob assumes that the man was mistaken for him, and killed in an attempt to kill Bob Lee. This act plunges him back into a world of violence and intrigue. While his wife recuperates, he attempts to unravel the secrets behind the assault. This book has a dual plot, with the present plot, dealing with Bob's investigation into his wife's attempted murder. The second plot is set in the past, beginning on a Marine Corps base in the late 1960s

"The Hunted (2003 film)"
Oregon, Hallam encounters two deer hunters equipped with expensive scoped rifles. Hallam tells them that, because of these technological advantages, they are not ""true hunters."" They pursue him through the woods but are no match for his skill and use of traps. He eventually kills the pair with his knife. L.T. Bonham, a former civilian instructor of military survival and combat training, now lives secluded deep in the woods of British Columbia, working for the Wildlife fund. He is approached to help apprehend Hallam, one of his former students. According to the authorities, Hallam has gone renegade after suffering severe

discovers that there may be more to Donny's death than he originally thought. Time to Hunt Time to Hunt is a 1999 thriller novel, and the third in the Bob Lee Swagger series by Stephen Hunter. In narrative sequence it is preceded by ""Point of Impact"" and ""Black Light"". The book begins about four or five years after the events in ""Black Light"". Swagger's daughter is now around 8, and he owns a ""lay-up"" horse ranch, where he cares for horses. He has been slipping into a deep depression due to his inability to properly support his family. Alienating himself

Time to Hunt Time to Hunt is a 1999 thriller novel, and the third in the Bob Lee Swagger series by Stephen Hunter. In narrative sequence it is preceded by ""Point of Impact"" and ""Black Light"". The book begins about four or five years after the events in ""Black Light"". Swagger's daughter is now around 8, and he owns a ""lay-up"" horse ranch, where he cares for horses. He has been slipping into a deep depression due to his inability to properly support his family. Alienating himself from his wife and child, they leave for a morning horseback ride with

"Egyptian hieroglyphs"
Egyptian hieroglyphs Egyptian hieroglyphs () were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing. The use of hieroglyphic writing arose from proto-literate symbol systems in the Early Bronze Age, around the 32nd century BC (Naqada III), with the first decipherable sentence written in the Egyptian language dating to the Second Dynasty (28th century BC). Egyptian hieroglyphs developed into a mature writing system

"Ancient Egyptian literature"
making inscriptions on stone, the chief writing tool of ancient Egypt was the reed pen, a reed fashioned into a stem with a bruised, brush-like end. With pigments of carbon black and red ochre, the reed pen was used to write on scrolls of papyrus—a thin material made from beating together strips of pith from the ""Cyperus papyrus"" plant—as well as on small ceramic or limestone potsherds known as ostraca. It is thought that papyrus rolls were moderately expensive commercial items, since many are palimpsests, manuscripts that have had their original contents erased to make room for new written works.

the entire Egyptian Hieroglyphs block. Egyptian hieroglyphs Egyptian hieroglyphs () were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing. The use of hieroglyphic writing arose from proto-literate symbol systems in the Early Bronze Age, around the 32nd century BC (Naqada III), with the first decipherable sentence written in the Egyptian language dating to the Second Dynasty (28th century BC). Egyptian hieroglyphs developed

script predominantly used in funerary papyri and temple rolls. Whereas the writing of hieroglyphs required the utmost precision and care, cursive hieratic could be written much more quickly and was therefore more practical for scribal record-keeping. Its primary purpose was to serve as a shorthand script for non-royal, non-monumental, and less formal writings such as private letters, legal documents, poems, tax records, medical texts, mathematical treatises, and instructional guides. Hieratic could be written in two different styles; one was more calligraphic and usually reserved for government records and literary manuscripts, the other was used for informal accounts and letters. By

"Ancient Egypt"
falls on the ultimate or penultimate syllable, which can be open (CV) or closed (CVC). Hieroglyphic writing dates from c. 3000 BC, and is composed of hundreds of symbols. A hieroglyph can represent a word, a sound, or a silent determinative; and the same symbol can serve different purposes in different contexts. Hieroglyphs were a formal script, used on stone monuments and in tombs, that could be as detailed as individual works of art. In day-to-day writing, scribes used a cursive form of writing, called hieratic, which was quicker and easier. While formal hieroglyphs may be read in rows or

This, along with the practice of tearing pieces off of larger papyrus documents to make smaller letters, suggests that there were seasonal shortages caused by the limited growing season of ""Cyperus papyrus"". It also explains the frequent use of ostraca and limestone flakes as writing media for shorter written works. In addition to stone, ceramic ostraca, and papyrus, writing media also included wood, ivory, and plaster. By the Roman Period of Egypt, the traditional Egyptian reed pen had been replaced by the chief writing tool of the Greco-Roman world: a shorter, thicker reed pen with a cut nib. Likewise, the

Hieratic
Dakhla was located far from centers of papyrus production. These tablets record inventories, name lists, accounts, and approximately fifty letters. Of the letters, many are internal letters that were circulated within the palace and the local settlement, but others were sent from other villages in the oasis to the governor. Hieratic script, unlike inscriptional and manuscript hieroglyphs, reads from right to left. Initially, hieratic could be written in either columns or horizontal lines, but after the 12th Dynasty (specifically during the reign of Amenemhat III), horizontal writing became the standard. Hieratic is noted for its cursive nature and use of

phonetic words. As writing developed and became more widespread among the Egyptian people, simplified glyph forms developed, resulting in the hieratic (priestly) and demotic (popular) scripts. These variants were also more suited than hieroglyphs for use on papyrus. Hieroglyphic writing was not, however, eclipsed, but existed alongside the other forms, especially in monumental and other formal writing. The Rosetta Stone contains three parallel scripts – hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek. Hieroglyphs continued to be used under Persian rule (intermittent in the 6th and 5th centuries BC), and after Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, during the ensuing Ptolemaic and Roman periods.

Hieratic
Hieratic Hieratic (; ) is a cursive writing system used for Ancient Egyptian, and the principal script used to write that language from its development in the 3rd millennium BCE until the rise of Demotic in the mid 1st millennium BCE. It was primarily written in ink with a reed pen on papyrus. In the second century, the term ""hieratic"" was first used by Clement of Alexandria. It derives from the Greek for ""priestly writing"" (), as at that time, hieratic was used only for religious texts and literature, as had been the case for the previous eight and a

the mid-1st millennium BC, hieroglyphs and hieratic were still used for royal, monumental, religious, and funerary writings, while a new, even more cursive script was used for informal, day-to-day writing: Demotic. The final script adopted by the ancient Egyptians was the Coptic alphabet, a revised version of the Greek alphabet. Coptic became the standard in the 4th century AD when Christianity became the state religion throughout the Roman Empire; hieroglyphs were discarded as idolatrous images of a pagan tradition, unfit for writing the Biblical canon. Egyptian literature was produced on a variety of media. Along with the chisel, necessary for

"American Revolution"
second British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, effectively ending the war. The Treaty of Paris was signed September 3, 1783, formally ending the conflict and confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida. Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of the United States Constitution, establishing a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive, a national judiciary, and

escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe, India and the Caribbean. In the latter the British scored a major victory over the French navy, and then later defeated Spanish and French attempts to seize Gibraltar. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties

Samuel Hood was narrowly defeated by the French, led by the Comte de Grasse, who continued seizing British territories: Tobago fell on 2 June; Demerara and Essequibo on 22 January 1782; St. Kitts and Nevis on 12 February, despite a British naval victory on 25 January; and Montserrat on 22 February. In 1782, the primary strategic goal of the French and Spanish was the capture of Jamaica, whose sugar exports were more valuable to the British than the Thirteen Colonies combined. On 7 April 1782, de Grasse departed Martinique to rendezvous with Franco-Spanish troops at Saint Domingue and invade Jamaica

territorial gains were of little value to Spain. France's only net gains were the island of Tobago in the Caribbean and Senegal in Africa, after agreeing to return all other colonial conquests to British sovereignty. Britain returned Dutch Caribbean territories to Dutch sovereignty, in exchange for free trade rights in the Dutch East Indies and control of the Indian port of Negapatnam. Preliminary peace articles were signed in Paris on 30 November 1782, while preliminaries between Britain, Spain, France, and the Netherlands continued until September 1783. The United States Congress of the Confederation ratified the Treaty of Paris on January

6 January 1781, a French attempt to capture Jersey to neutralize British privateering failed. Frustrated in their attempts to capture Gibraltar, a Franco-Spanish force of 14,000 men under the Duc de Mahon invaded Minorca on 19 August. After a long siege of St. Philip's, the British garrison under James Murray surrendered on 5 February 1782, securing a primary war goal for the Spanish. At Gibraltar, a major Franco-Spanish assault on 13 September 1782 was repulsed with heavy casualties. On 20 October 1782, following a successful resupply of Gibraltar, British ships under Richard Howe successfully refused battle to the Franco-Spanish fleet

the Battle of Brooklyn. Following that victory, the British requested a meeting with representatives from Congress to negotiate an end to hostilities. A delegation including John Adams and Benjamin Franklin met Howe on Staten Island in New York Harbor on September 11, in what became known as the Staten Island Peace Conference. Howe demanded a retraction of the Declaration of Independence, which was refused, and negotiations ended. The British then quickly seized New York City and nearly captured Washington's army. They made New York their main political and military base of operations in North America, holding it until November 1783.

signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive, but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes. Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765. Colonists condemned the tax because their rights as Englishmen protected

under Luis de Córdova, denying Córdova dominance at sea. On 7 February 1783, after 1,322 days of siege, the Franco-Spanish army withdrew, decisively defeated. Sint Eustatius, a key supply port for the Patriots, was sacked by British forces under George Rodney on 3 February 1781, who plundered the island's wealth. Few operations were conducted against the Dutch, although several Dutch colonies were captured by the British in 1781. After the fall of Mobile to Spanish troops under Bernardo de Gálvez, an attempt to capture Pensacola was thwarted due to a hurricane. Emboldened by the disaster, John Campbell, British commander at

the Northwest Indian War. Britain continued trying to create an Indian buffer state in the American Midwest as late as 1814 during the War of 1812. Britain negotiated separate treaties with Spain, France, and the Dutch Republic. Gibraltar proved to be a stumbling block in the peace talks; Spain offered to relinquish their conquests in West Florida, Menorca, and the Bahamas in exchange for Gibraltar, terms which Shelburne steadfastly refused. Shelburne instead offered to cede East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca if Spain would relinquish the claim on Gibraltar, terms which were reluctantly accepted. However, in the long-term, the new

"France in the American Revolutionary War"
France and the U.S. was weakened. Thus the influence of France and Spain in future negotiations was limited. The war formally ended in September 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. France gained (or regained) territories in the Americas, Africa, and India. Losses in the 1763 Treaty of Paris and in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) were in part regained: Tobago, Saint Lucia, the Senegal River area, as well as increased fishing rights in Terra Nova. Spain regained Florida and Minorca, but Gibraltar remained in the hands of the British. Because the French involvement in the war was

"Periodic table"
been slowly expanded and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour. The modern periodic table now provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical reactions, and continues to be widely used in chemistry, nuclear physics and other sciences. All the elements from atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) through 118 (oganesson) have been either discovered or synthesized, completing the first seven rows of the periodic table. The first 98 elements exist in nature, although some are found only in trace amounts and others were synthesized in laboratories before being

"Period (periodic table)"
structure it belongs to the s block, and is therefore sometimes classified as a group 2 element, or simultaneously both 2 and 18. Hydrogen readily loses and gains an electron, and so behaves chemically as both a group 1 and a group 17 element. Period 2 elements involve the 2s and 2p orbitals. They include the biologically most essential elements besides hydrogen: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. All period three elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope. All but the noble gas argon are essential to basic geology and biology. Period 4 includes the biologically essential elements

found in nature. Elements 99 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors. The synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is currently being pursued: these elements would begin an eighth row, and theoretical work has been done to suggest possible candidates for this extension. Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories. Each chemical element has a unique atomic number (""Z"") representing the number of protons in its nucleus. Most elements have differing numbers of neutrons among different atoms, with these variants being referred to as isotopes. For example, carbon has

"Period 1 element"
lithium and fluorine (appearing twice), or left floating above the other elements and not assigned to any group in the periodic table. Helium is almost always placed above neon (which is in the p-block) in the periodic table as a noble gas, although it is occasionally placed above beryllium due to their similar electron configuration. Hydrogen (H) is the chemical element with atomic number 1. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H. With an atomic mass of 1.00794 amu, hydrogen is the lightest element. Hydrogen is

outside of the context of electron configurations: When the noble gases (then called ""inert gases"") were first discovered around 1900, they were known as ""group 0"", reflecting no chemical reactivity of these elements known at that point, and helium was placed on the top of that group, as it did share the extreme chemical inertness seen throughout the group. As the group changed its formal number, many authors continued to assign helium directly above neon, in group 18; one of the examples of such placing is the current IUPAC table. Hydrogen's chemical properties are not very close to those of

the periodic table can be referred to as ""blocks"" in recognition of the sequence in which the electron shells of the elements are filled. Each block is named according to the subshell in which the ""last"" electron notionally resides. The s-block comprises the first two groups (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) as well as hydrogen and helium. The p-block comprises the last six groups, which are groups 13 to 18 in IUPAC group numbering (3A to 8A in American group numbering) and contains, among other elements, all of the metalloids. The d-block comprises groups 3 to 12 (or 3B

the alkali metals, which occupy group 1. On this basis it is sometimes placed elsewhere. A common alternative is at the top of group 17 given hydrogen's strictly univalent and largely non-metallic chemistry, and the strictly univalent and non-metallic chemistry of fluorine (the element otherwise at the top of group 17). Sometimes, to show hydrogen has properties corresponding to both those of the alkali metals and the halogens, it is shown at the top of the two columns simultaneously. Another suggestion is above carbon in group 14: placed that way, it fits well into the trends of increasing ionization potential

"Main-group element"
Main-group element In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements. The main group includes the elements (except hydrogen, which is sometimes not included) in groups 1 and 2 (s-block), and groups 13 to 18 (p-block). The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two units. Main-group elements (with some of the

properties characteristic of transition metal chemistry. In this case, only groups 4–11 are regarded as transition metals. Though the group 3 elements show few of the characteristic chemical properties of the transition metals, they do show some of their characteristic physical properties (on account of the presence in each atom of a single d electron). Although all elements up to oganesson have been discovered, of the elements above hassium (element 108), only copernicium (element 112), nihonium (element 113), and flerovium (element 114) have known chemical properties, and only for copernicium is there enough evidence for a conclusive categorisation at present.

"Mercedes Benz (song)"
Mercedes Benz (song) ""Mercedes Benz"" is an ""a cappella"" song written by singer Janis Joplin with the poets Michael McClure and Bob Neuwirth, and originally recorded by Joplin. In the song, the singer asks the Lord to prove His love for her by buying her a Mercedes-Benz, a color TV, and a ""night on the town."" There is also a reference to ""Dialing for Dollars"", a franchised format local television program, which required one to be watching the show to win when the show called your phone number, hence the singer's need for a TV. The song is considered to

The remixed version was included on collections of Joplin's greatest hits. Notes Mercedes Benz (song) ""Mercedes Benz"" is an ""a cappella"" song written by singer Janis Joplin with the poets Michael McClure and Bob Neuwirth, and originally recorded by Joplin. In the song, the singer asks the Lord to prove His love for her by buying her a Mercedes-Benz, a color TV, and a ""night on the town."" There is also a reference to ""Dialing for Dollars"", a franchised format local television program, which required one to be watching the show to win when the show called your phone number,

be a rejection of consumerism. The song's lyrics were written at Vahsen's, a Port Chester, New York bar, on August 8, 1970 during an impromptu poetry jam between Joplin and songwriter Bob Neuwirth. The lyrics were inspired by the first line of a song written by San Francisco beat poet Michael McClure, ""Come on, God, and buy me a Mercedes Benz."" Joplin heard it sung by a friend of McClure's, and she began to sing it, too. At the Port Chester bar, Joplin sang the line a few times and began riffing on the McClure lyrics, while Neuwirth copied the

"Bargain (song)"
Bargain (song) ""Bargain"" is a song written by Pete Townshend that was first released by The Who on their 1971 album ""Who's Next"". It is a love song, although the intended subject of the song is God rather than a woman. The song has been included on several compilation and live albums. It was also included on several of Townshend's solo projects. Critics have praised the song's lyricism and power, as well as the performance of the band on the song. Townshend acknowledged during the Who's concert at the Prudential Center in Newark on 19 March 2016 that this is

included solo recordings of ""Bargain"" on his albums ""Scoop"" and ""The Lifehouse Chronicles"". ""Bargain"" was used in a Nissan commercial, emphasizing the lines, ""I call that a bargain, the best I ever had"" in reference to the value of an automobile. The song was also used at the end of the """" episode, ""Frame By Frame"", as a tribute to the show's 300th episode. Bargain (song) ""Bargain"" is a song written by Pete Townshend that was first released by The Who on their 1971 album ""Who's Next"". It is a love song, although the intended subject of the song is

"Vehicle (song)"
Vehicle (song) ""Vehicle"" is a song recorded by American rock band The Ides of March for their debut studio album of the same name (1970). The song was released as the lead single from the album in March 1970 through Warner Bros. Records. It was written by vocalist and frontman Jim Peterik about a girl that often used him for his mode of transportation, leading Peterik to surmise that he was little more than her ""vehicle"". The song has a distinctive horn section riff, often mistaken for the band Blood, Sweat and Tears, who were also popular in that era.

"Ford Cortina"
selling nameplate in the history of British motoring. The BBC Two documentary series ""Arena"" had a segment about the car and its enthusiasts. The British punk rock band The Clash reference the car in the song Janie Jones, singing ""He's just like everyone, he's got a Ford Cortina that just won't run without fuel."" British indie band Arctic Monkeys famously covered ""I Wanna Be Yours"" by John Cooper Clarke in 2013, a poem which contains the line ""I want to be your Ford Cortina, I will never rust."" During the 1960s and 1970s the Ford Cortina Lotus was a successful

"Peace Sells"
Peace Sells ""Peace Sells"" is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth from the 1986 album ""Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?"", written by Dave Mustaine. It has since been a constant at Megadeth concerts. According to Dave Ellefson, it became quickly apparent when playing the song live prior to recording the album that ""Peace Sells"" would be a hit. In 2006, VH1 ranked ""Peace Sells"" at number 11 on their list of the ""40 Greatest Metal Songs"" of all time. The song is also known for the distinctive bass intro played by Ellefson. A music video was produced

"Drive My Car"
an old blues euphemism for sex"". This expression was more common in the pre-automatic shift era of automobiles. When McCartney arrived at Lennon's Weybridge home for a writing session, he had the tune in his head, but ""The lyrics were disastrous, and I knew it."" The chorus began, ""You can buy me diamond rings"", a cliché they had used twice before, in ""Can't Buy Me Love"" and ""I Feel Fine"" (as well as in the discarded ""If You've Got Trouble""). Lennon dismissed the lyrics as ""crap"" and ""too soft"". They decided to rewrite the lyrics and after some difficulty –

"Lord, Mr. Ford"
1½ cars, (""""Now the average American father and mother""/""Own one whole car and half another""/""And I bet that half a car is a trick to drive, don't you""""), Roach alludes to the original lyrics using the word ""bitch,"" instead of the word ""trick"" as in the final recorded version. Noted Roach: ""(I)t's amusing to hear notorious bad boy Reed forced to substitute the word ""trick"" for the original version's 'bitch'.""."" Lord, Mr. Ford ""Lord, Mr. Ford"" is a song written by Dick Feller and recorded by Jerry Reed. It was released in May 1973 as the only single from the

battle took place on Chinese territory in 1075. Upon learning that a Song invasion was imminent, the Lý army and navy totaling about 100,000 men under the command of Lý Thường Kiệt, and Tông Đản used amphibious operations to preemptively destroy three Song military installations at Yongzhou, Qinzhou, and Lianzhou in present-day Guangdong and Guangxi, and killed 100,000 Chinese . The Song dynasty took revenge and invaded Đại Việt in 1076, but the Song troops were held back at the Battle of Như Nguyệt River commonly known as the Cầu river, now in Bắc Ninh province about 40 km from

loss of supplies to Trần army's raids. The Yuan-Trần war reached its climax when the retreating Yuan fleet was decimated at the Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288). The military architect behind Annam's victories was Commander Trần Quốc Tuấn, more popularly known as Trần Hưng Đạo. In order to avoid further disastrous campaigns, the Tran and Champa acknowledged Mongol supremacy. It was also during this period that the Trần emperors waged many wars against the southern kingdom of Champa, continuing the Vietnamese long history of southern expansion (known as Nam tiến) that had begun shortly after gaining independence in the 10th

in modern Vietnam. Vietnamese armies also raided the Mekong Delta, which the decaying Khmer Empire could no longer defend. The city of Huế, founded in 1600 lies close to where the Champa capital of Indrapura once stood. In 1479, King Lê Thánh Tông also campaigned against Laos in the Vietnamese–Lao War and captured its capital Luang Prabang, in which later the city was totally ransacked and destroyed by the Vietnamese. He made further incursions westwards into the Irrawaddy River region in modern-day Burma before withdrawing. At his withdrawal, Vietnam extended in what would be considered as ""the first Southeast Asian

Trần Quĩ executed two top commanders out of suspicion, a rift widened within his ranks and resulted in his defeat in 1413. In 1418, a wealthy farmer, Lê Lợi, led the Lam Sơn uprising against the Ming from his base of Lam Sơn (Thanh Hóa province). Overcoming many early setbacks and with strategic advice from Nguyễn Trãi, Lê Lợi's movement finally gathered momentum, marched northward, and launched a siege at Đông Quan (now Hanoi), the capital of the Ming occupation. The Ming Emperor sent a reinforcement force, but Lê Lợi staged an ambush and killed the Ming commander, Liu Shan,

"Military history of Vietnam"
Future Emperor Quang Trung, along with Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Lữ, had successfully united all Vietnam after a century being divided between the Trịnh Lords and Nguyễn Lords. Following with it, the Vietnamese also successfully crushed the Siamese at the Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút and decisively, the Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa against Qing force. Thus, this had been also registered as Vietnamese military victories. The Japanese invasion of French Indochina was a successful Japanese campaign against the French colonial power in Southeast Asia. The invasion was a part of a greater strategy which was meant to surround and

1285, and 1287 88. Annam repelled all attacks of the Yuan Mongols during the reign of Kublai Khan. Three Mongol armies said to have numbered from 300,000 to 500,000 men were defeated. The key to Annam's successes was to avoid the Mongols' strength in open field battles and city sieges—the Trần court abandoned the capital and the cities. The Mongols were then countered decisively at their weak points, which were battles in swampy areas such as Chương Dương, Hàm Tử, Vạn Kiếp and on rivers such as Vân Đồn and Bạch Đằng. The Mongols also suffered from tropical diseases and

the Nguyễns, with hundreds of such events being recorded in the annals. These acts were soon being used as excuses for France to invade Vietnam. The early Nguyễn dynasty had engaged in many of the constructive activities of its predecessors, building roads, digging canals, issuing a legal code, holding examinations, sponsoring care facilities for the sick, compiling maps and history books, and exerting influence over Cambodia and Laos. Under the orders of Napoleon III of France, Rigault de Genouilly's gunships attacked the port of Đà Nẵng in 1858, causing significant damage, yet failed to gain any foothold, in the process

"Indochina Wars"
with the armed religious Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo sects and the Bình Xuyên organized crime group. The French re-installed Bảo Đại as the head of state of Vietnam, which now comprised central and southern Vietnam. The ensuing war, between the French-controlled South and the independent Communist-allied North, is known as the First Indochina War. It ended in a resounding defeat of the French Colonial Troops (Troupes coloniales) by the People's Army of Vietnam at Dien Bien Phu. In the First Indochina War, the Viet Minh, supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, fought to gain

being afflicted by the humidity and tropical diseases. De Genouilly decided to sail south and captured the poorly defended city of Gia Định (present-day Ho Chi Minh City). From 1859 to 1867, French troops expanded their control over all six provinces on the Mekong delta and formed a colony known as Cochinchina. A few years later, French troops landed in northern Vietnam (which they called Tonkin) and captured Hà Nội twice in 1873 and 1882. The French managed to keep their grip on Tonkin although, twice, their top commanders Francis Garnier and Henri Rivière, were ambushed and killed fighting pirates

Phú Thọ town in northern Vietnam, where he tried to build the Cổ Loa Citadel (Cổ Loa Thành), the spiral fortress approximately ten miles north of that new capital. However, records showed that espionage resulted in the downfall of An Dương Vương. At his capital, Cổ Loa, he built many concentric walls around the city for defensive purposes. These walls, together with skilled Âu Lạc archers, kept the capital safe from invaders. In 207 BC, Qin warlord Triệu Đà (""pinyin:"" Zhao Tuo) established his own independent kingdom in present-day Guangdong/Guangxi area. He proclaimed his new kingdom as Nam Việt (""pinyin:""

"Richmond Football Club"
playing home since 1965. Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash. The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin. Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as ""Legends"" of the sport: Kevin Bartlett, Jack Dyer, Royce Hart, Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart. A short-lived football club named Richmond Cricketers was established in 1860 with T.W.S. Wills, Tom Wills, one of the founders of Australian rules football, serving as its inaugural secretary and captain. Wills' cousin H. C. A. Harrison captained Richmond briefly in the early

"Jack Riewoldt"
disease aplastic anaemia, Jack and the family became public spokespeople for a charity set up in her honour, Maddie's Vision. Jack Riewoldt Jack Riewoldt ( ; born 31 October 1988) is a professional Australian rules footballer currently playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a premiership player, a three-time Coleman Medallist, a three-time All-Australian, a nine-time Richmond club leading goalkicker and a two-time Jack Dyer Medallist. He also serves as the club's co-vice captain, alongside Alex Rance. Riewoldt was born in Hobart, Tasmania to parents Chris and Lesley Riewoldt. He was raised in

Richmond also attained the services of Gold Coast Suns midfielder Dion Prestia, Geelong player Josh Caddy, and young Sydney Swans ruckman Toby Nankervis in preparation for the 2017 season. Richmond began 2017 with 5 straight wins, a feat it had not achieved since 1995. A series of close losses hampered the Tigers throughout the middle of the season, including a 5-point loss to the Western Bulldogs, 2-point loss to Fremantle, and a 3-point loss to the Giants. Richmond ended the season strongly with convincing victories over Fremantle and St Kilda in the final two rounds, elevating the club to 3rd

season with several major defeats including one against Greater Western Sydney in which Richmond registered its lowest score since 1961. The club debuted six players and brought in two recruits for their first games in the yellow and black. During the preseason period for 2016/17, Richmond made a number of changes to its playing list and coaching staff. Among these changes was the departure of Brett Deledio to Greater Western Sydney, in a three-way deal involving Geelong that saw the Tigers receive a 2017 first-round draft selection from the Cats, as well as a 2017 third-round selection from the Giants.

"Richmond SC"
ceasing operations. However, after negotiations, the club reached an agreement with interested parties that would see them avoid liquidation and play in the Victorian State League 1 South-East in 2018. The new major sponsor was revealed to be Electricity Wizard. Daniel Cobb, the CEO of Electricity Wizard, replaced Dave Foster as the new club president and Matthew McNamara was appointed treasurer. Richmond appointed Sam Poutakidis as the new head coach for the 2018 season. Richmond's home kit colours are black and white, symbolic of their German heritage. Their away colours are green and black. Richmond's shirts have been made by

Richmond Football Club The Richmond Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's premier competition. Between its inception in Richmond, Melbourne in 1885 and 1907, the club competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), winning two premierships. Richmond joined the Victorian Football League (now known as the AFL) in 1908 and has since won eleven premierships, most recently in 2017. Richmond's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground, the Punt Road Oval, which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), the club's

"2018 Richmond Football Club season"
team's 2018 leadership group. The team finished the home and away season with 14 wins and four losses, earning the minor premiership as a result. They were eliminated from the finals series after successive qualifying and semi finals matches against and respectively. AFL-listed midfielder Anthony Miles won the club's best and fairest award for the second year running, along with the league's best and fairest award, the J. J. Liston Trophy. AFL-listed small forward Tyson Stengle led the team's goal-kicking with 33 across his 19 matches. Another AFL-listed small forward, Shai Bolton, received both the league's Mark and Goal of

Jade Rawlings was announced as caretaker senior coach; he adopted a youth policy for the remainder of the year, which saw experienced players Joel Bowden and Matthew Richardson retire by the end of the year. Rawlings led Richmond to three wins and a draw from eleven games. Richmond finished fifteenth with a record of 5–16–1. On 25 August, Damien Hardwick was appointed to be the senior coach from 2010. As Jade Rawlings and Craig McRae and Brian Royal left the Tigers assistant coaching panel, Brendon Lade and Justin Leppitsch were appointed as assistant coaches, leaving only Wayne Campbell as a

former Dutch youth international Geert Arend Roorda of FC Dordrecht to the club. Richmond continued to bolster their squad, announcing the signings of Jake Barker-Daish and New Zealand international Liam Higgins three weeks out from the start of the season. The Club also added former Port Melbourne SC duo Bryan Bran and Kris Kioussis just out from the start of the season. Richmond's first season back in the top flight began in difficult fashion, collecting one point in its opening four fixtures, conceding 17 goals in the process. The club then faced top-of-the-table South Melbourne FC but surprisingly came out

Tom Hunter was named the team's head coach in November 2017. He is additionally responsible for overseeing the women's arm of the club's Next Generation Academy. Jess Kennedy was named the team's inaugural captain in May 2018. Richmond Football Club The Richmond Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's premier competition. Between its inception in Richmond, Melbourne in 1885 and 1907, the club competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), winning two premierships. Richmond joined the Victorian Football League (now known as the AFL) in 1908

"Chandra Prakash Vohra"
Chandra Prakash Vohra Chandra Prakash Vohra is an Indian geologist, glaciologist and mountaineer who scaled Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, in 1965. He was the first Indian civilian to scale the peak a feat he accomplished on 24 May 1965. A winner of the Arjuna Award (1965) and the National Mineral Award, Vohra was honoured by the Government of India in 1965, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award. Chandra Prakash Vohra did his schooling in Jammu and Kashmir and started his career with the Geological Survey of India (GSI). He spent

post retirement from government service, is settled in Chandigarh, with his wife Satinder Vohra. Chandra Prakash Vohra Chandra Prakash Vohra is an Indian geologist, glaciologist and mountaineer who scaled Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, in 1965. He was the first Indian civilian to scale the peak a feat he accomplished on 24 May 1965. A winner of the Arjuna Award (1965) and the National Mineral Award, Vohra was honoured by the Government of India in 1965, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award. Chandra Prakash Vohra did his schooling in Jammu and

"Asim Mukhopadhyay"
Asim Mukhopadhyay Asim Mukhopadhyay (, also known as Asim Mukherjee ) is a famous figure in the history of mountaineering in West Bengal, India. He is the pioneer in India for organizing high altitude scientific expeditions in the Himalayan region. He took part in many such expeditions as a climber between 1959 and 1974, and organised a few more in that period and later as an administrator. He was one of the main organisers of the first successful climbing on Nanda Ghunti and Tirsuli peaks by any non-government Indian organisation. Mukhopadhyay is also known for his vast knowledge on Pali,

"Ram Chandra Chatterjee"
with ease. On 22 March 1890, Chatterjee set off in 'The Empress of India', fitted with a parachute from the Tivoli Gardens, near Minto Park in Kolkata at 5-30PM. And then arrived the moment he made history, when he leaped from an altitude of 3,500 ft and landed by parachute. The event was attended by His Excellency, the Amban, the Chinese Ambassador, Percival Spencer, Abanindranath Tagore and Yogindranath Sarkar. After the successful descent in a parachute, Chatterjee was given a public reception. The City of Calcutta was not meant for parachuting and Chatterjee therefore procured one for the purpose. He

"George Everest"
this project. George Everest Colonel Sir George Everest CB FRS FRAS FRGS (; 4 July 1790 – 1 December 1866) was a Welsh surveyor and geographer who served as Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843. He is best known for having Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, named in his honour. After receiving a military education, Everest joined the East India Company and arrived in India at the age of 16. He was eventually made an assistant to William Lambton on the Great Trigonometric Survey, and replaced Lambton as superintendent of the survey in 1823. Everest was

George Everest Colonel Sir George Everest CB FRS FRAS FRGS (; 4 July 1790 – 1 December 1866) was a Welsh surveyor and geographer who served as Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843. He is best known for having Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, named in his honour. After receiving a military education, Everest joined the East India Company and arrived in India at the age of 16. He was eventually made an assistant to William Lambton on the Great Trigonometric Survey, and replaced Lambton as superintendent of the survey in 1823. Everest was largely responsible

"Radhanath Sikdar"
Radhanath Sikdar Radhanath Sikdar (Bengali: রাধানাথ শিকদার; October 1813 – 17 May 1870) was an Indian mathematician who is best known for calculating the height of Mount Everest. When in 1831 Surveyor General of India George Everest was searching for a brilliant young mathematician with particular proficiency in spherical trigonometry, the Hindu College maths teacher Tytler superlatively recommended his pupil Radhanath, then only 19. Radhanath joined the Great Trigonometric Survey in 1831 December as a ""computer"" at a salary of thirty rupees per month. Soon he was sent to Sironj near Dehradun where he excelled in geodetic surveying. Apart from

"Gurdial Singh (mountaineer)"
Gurdial Singh (mountaineer) Gurdial Singh (born 1 January 1924) is an eminent Indian mountaineer who is credited with leading India's first mountaineering expedition to Trisul (7120 metres) in 1951. Gurdial Singh joined The Doon School in 1945 and it was here that he was influenced by Englishman such as John Martyn, R.L. Holdsworth and Jack Gibson to take up mountaineering. In fact, the first headmaster of Doon Arthur Foot was a member of the Alpine Club. Together, they scaled many peaks including Bandarpunch, Trisul, Kamet, Abi Gamin and Nanda Devi. He was the first Indian member of the famed Alpine

"Mandip Singh Soin"
2016 and Antarctica 2017 Mandip Singh Soin Mandip Singh Soin (born 9 March 1957) is a prominent Indian mountaineer, explorer, adventure travel expert, environmentalist, speaker and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He has spent over forty years in the field of adventure, having gone on expeditions to all the seven continents of the world. His mountaineering ascents and explorations include several Indian “firsts” like the first Indian ascent of Mount Meru in 1986 in the Himalayas as well as several first Indian ascents in the French and Swiss Alps, Italian Dolomites, Wales and Scotland. He is a strong

"Avtar Singh Cheema"
Avtar Singh Cheema Avtar Singh Cheema (1933–1989): along with 8 others were the first Indians to lead a successful expedition that climbed Mount Everest on 20 May 1965. He was a part of the third mission undertaken by the Indian Army, in 1965, to climb Mt. Everest after two failed attempts. The 1965 Indian Army expedition was the first successful Indian Expedition to Everest which put 9 mountaineers on top, a record to last 17 years. He along with H. P. S. Ahluwalia, Nawang Gombu, Sonam Wangyal, Sonam Gyatso, Harish Chandra Singh Rawat, Chandra Prakash Vohra among others successfully summited

and repeatedly with asinine phrases"", and described it as ""depressing"". The book garnered some accolades. In December 2012, it won both ""Popular Fiction"" and ""Book of the Year"" categories in the UK National Book Awards. In that same month, ""Publishers Weekly"" named E. L. James the 'Publishing Person of the Year', a decision whose criticism in the ""LA Times"" and the ""New York Daily News"" was referred to by and summarised in ""The Christian Science Monitor"". Earlier, in April 2012, when E. L. James was listed as one of ""Time"" magazine's ""100 Most Influential People in the World"", Richard Lawson

"Thomas Wolfe"
Thomas Wolfe Thomas Clayton Wolfe (October 3, 1900 – September 15, 1938) was an American novelist of the early twentieth century. Wolfe wrote four lengthy novels as well as many short stories, dramatic works, and novellas. He is known for mixing highly original, poetic, rhapsodic, and impressionistic prose with autobiographical writing. His books, written and published from the 1920s to the 1940s, vividly reflect on American culture and the mores of that period, filtered through Wolfe's sensitive, sophisticated, and hyper-analytical perspective. After Wolfe's death, contemporary author William Faulkner said that Wolfe may have been the greatest talent of their generation

"Andrew Shaffer"
Andrew Shaffer Andrew Shaffer (born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States.) is an American author. Under the pen name ""Fanny Merkin,"" he authored the ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" parody ""Fifty Shames of Earl Grey."" His other books include ""Great Philosophers Who Failed at Love"", and ""Literary Rogues: A Scandalous History of Wayward Authors"". He is the founder and creative director of Order of St. Nick, a greeting card company. He resides in Portland, Oregon. Shaffer attended the Iowa Writers' Workshop for a summer semester and studied comedy writing at Chicago's The Second City. He reviews books for RT Book Reviews,

"Donald E. Westlake"
consistently under his own name, Westlake published under several pseudonyms. In the order they debuted: Westlake sometimes made playful use of his pseudonyms in his work: Additionally, Westlake conducted a mock 'interview' with Richard Stark, Tucker Coe and Timothy J. Culver in an article for the non-fiction book ""Murder Ink: The Mystery Reader's Companion"". Donald Westlake was known for the great ingenuity of his plots and the audacity of his gimmicks. His writing and dialogue are lively. His main characters are fully rounded, believable, and clever. Westlake's most famous characters include the hard-boiled criminal Parker (appearing in fiction under the

"Rajya Sabha"
for a member of Rajya Sabha are same as for a member of Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha members are elected by state legislatures rather than directly through the electorate by single transferable vote method. From 18 July 2018, Rajya Sabha MPs can speak in 22 Indian languages in House as the Upper House has facility for simultaneous interpretation in all the 22 official languages of India. Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A member of the Rajya Sabha must: In addition, twelve members are nominated by the President of India having special knowledge

Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership of Rajya Sabha is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of 250 members, and current laws have provision for 245 members. Most of the members of the House are indirectly elected by state and territorial legislatures using single transferable votes, while the President can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with a third of the members up for election every two years. The Rajya Sabha

"Member of parliament"
the post method in each of the 29 Indian states and 7 union territories, while the President of India may appoint 2 representatives of the Anglo-Indian community. As of 2018, Rajya Sabha can have 245 members, 233 of which are elected indirectly by the state legislatures using Single transferable vote method of proportional representation, and 12 are appointed by the President for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services (Art. 80 of the Constitution). Each state is allocated a fixed number of representatives in each chamber, in order of their respective population. As of 2018, state of Uttar

the President. The 12 nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular fields, and are well known contributors in the particular field. Members of Rajya Sabha by their political party (As of 16 December 2018): Besides the Chairman (Vice-President of India) and the Deputy Chairman, there is also a position called ""Leader of the House"". This is a cabinet minister – the Prime Minister if he is a member of the House, or another nominated Minister. The Leader has a seat next to the Chairman, in the front row. Besides the Leader of the House,

"Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha"
Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha A member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of the Indian states to the upper house of the Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha). Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses; Rajya Sabha (Upper house i.e. Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (Lower house i.e. House of the People). Total number of members of Rajya Sabha are lesser than member of

The union government cannot make a law on a matter reserved for states without any authorisation from Rajya Sabha. The Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds supermajority can pass a resolution empowering the Government of India to create more All-India Services common to both Union and States, including a judicial service. Seats are allotted in degressive proportion to the population of each state or union territory, meaning that smaller states have a slight advantage over more populous states. As the members are elected by the state legislature, smaller Union Territories which are not States and do not have legislatures cannot have

sittings of the Houses of Parliament of India are rare, and in the history of the Republic, only three such joint-sessions have been held; the latest one for the passage of the 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act. The Vice President of India (currently, Venkaiah Naidu) is the ""ex-officio"" Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The Deputy Chairman, who is elected from amongst the house's members, takes care of the day-to-day matters of the house in the absence of the Chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting on 13 May 1952. The salary and other benefits

representation in Rajya Sabha. Hence, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu & Lakshadweep do not send any representatives to Rajya Sabha. 12 members are nominated by the President. As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950, the Rajya Sabha was to consist of 216 members of which 12 members were to be nominated by the President and the remaining 204 elected to represent the States. The present strength, however, is 245 members of whom 233 are representatives of the states and union territories and 12 are nominated by

A person must satisfy all following conditions to be qualified to become a member of parliament of the Rajya Sabha; A person would be ineligible for being a Member of the Rajya Sabha if the person; Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha A member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of the Indian states to the upper house of the Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha). Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. Parliament of India

"Parliament of India"
of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years. The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the president to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than

what land mass was north america a part of about 300 million years ago

"North America"
America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the Proterozoic eon. The Canadian Shield is the largest exposure of this craton. From the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, with Eurasia to its east. One of the results of the formation of Pangaea was the Appalachian Mountains, which formed some 480 million years ago, making it among the oldest mountain ranges in the world. When Pangaea began to rift around 200 million years ago, North America became part of Laurasia, before it

separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous period. The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the Laramide orogeny, between 80 and 55 million years ago. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama that connected the continent to South America arguably occurred approximately 12 to 15 million years ago, and the Great Lakes (as well as many other northern freshwater lakes and rivers) were carved by receding glaciers about 10,000 years ago. North America is the source of much of what humanity knows about geologic time

the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands (most notably the Caribbean) are included. North America was reached by its first human populations during the last glacial period, via crossing the Bering land bridge approximately 40,000 to 17,000 years ago. The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10,000 years ago (the beginning of the Archaic or Meso-Indian period). The

of the last glacial period, in what is known as the late glacial maximum, occurring around 13,000 years ago. The oldest petroglyphs in North America date from 15,000 to 10,000 years before present, but some South American rock painting dates to 36,000 to 25,000 years ago (with the more recent dating being favored). Genetic research and anthropology indicate additional waves of migration from Asia via the Bering Strait during the Early-Middle Holocene. Before contact with Europeans, the natives of North America were divided into many different polities, from small bands of a few families to large empires. They lived in

sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America. Evidence of the latter would since have been covered by a sea level rise of hundreds of meters following the last ice age. Archaeologists contend that Paleo-Indian migration out of Beringia (eastern Alaska), ranges from 40,000 to around 16,500 years ago. This time range is a hot source of debate and promises to continue as such for years to come. The few agreements achieved to date are the origin from Central Asia, with widespread habitation of the Americas

periods. The geographic area that would later become the United States has been the source of more varieties of dinosaurs than any other modern country. According to paleontologist Peter Dodson, this is primarily due to stratigraphy, climate and geography, human resources, and history. Much of the Mesozoic Era is represented by exposed outcrops in the many arid regions of the continent. The most significant Late Jurassic dinosaur-bearing fossil deposit in North America is the Morrison Formation of the western United States. The indigenous peoples of the Americas have many creation myths by which they assert that they have been present

Classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries. The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492, and the transatlantic migrations—the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect different kinds of interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and their descendants. Owing to the European colonization of the Americas, most North Americans speak English, Spanish or French, and their culture commonly reflects Western traditions. The Americas are usually accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann.

in genetic composition as reflected by molecular data, such as DNA. 8,000 BCE – 7,000 BCE (10,000 – 9,000 years ago) the climate stabilized, leading to a rise in population and lithic technology advances, resulting in a more sedentary lifestyle. Before contact with Europeans, the indigenous peoples of North America were divided into many different polities, from small bands of a few families to large empires. They lived in numerous culture areas, which roughly correspond to geographic and biological zones. Societies adapted their subsistence strategies to their homelands, and some societies were hunter-gatherers, some horticulturists, some agriculturalists, and many a

"Geography of North America"
billion years ago (Ga), and six of the microcontinents collided to form the craton about 2 Ga. This core has been enlarged by plate tectonics, most notably between 1.8 and 1.65 Ga when a piece currently stretching from Arizona to Missouri fused with the south and west portion of the craton. The craton started to rift about 1.1 Ga, and the fissure (now the Midcontinent Rift System) ran between Kansas and Lake Superior before stopping, perhaps due to the Grenville collision in the east. Otherwise the craton has remained relatively stable, with some rocks dating from 2.5 to 4 Ga,

Pangaea
Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia – a landmass incorporating fragments of what would become eastern Newfoundland, the southern British Isles, and parts of Belgium, northern France, Nova Scotia, New England, South Iberia and northwest Africa – broke free from Gondwana and began its journey to Laurentia. Baltica, Laurentia, and Avalonia all came together by the end of the Ordovician to form a minor supercontinent called Euramerica or Laurussia, closing the Iapetus Ocean. The collision also resulted in the formation of the northern Appalachians. Siberia sat near Euramerica, with the Khanty Ocean between the two continents. While all this was happening,

"French and Indian War"
William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, and consequently gained little support. Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession. On May 18, 1756, Britain formally declared

1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22 year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol. In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded, and the main effort by Braddock proved a disaster; he lost the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal

the St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg, while Vaudreuil argued unsuccessfully for a continuation of the raiding tactics that had worked quite effectively in previous years. The British failures in North America combined with other failures in the European theater and led to Newcastle's fall from power along with the Duke of Cumberland, his principal military advisor. Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt dominated the military planning. He embarked on a plan for the 1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie as commander in

Louisbourg in Nova Scotia was captured after a siege. The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia, and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg. The French had generally

dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British sent out their fleet in February 1755, intending to blockade French ports, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them. In a second British action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship ""Alcide"" on

Cherokee tribes, and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy member tribes Abenaki and Mi'kmaq, and the Algonquin, Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes. Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from the Province of Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May

Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne. Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work, and Washington learned of Trent's retreat while he was en route. Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him. He then learned of a French scouting party in the area, so he combined Tanaghrisson's force with his own and surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen. They killed

French held their claim. He ordered 21 year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory in October 1753. Washington left with a small party, picking up Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter, Christopher Gist (a company surveyor working in the area), and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf. Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29, and he invited Washington to dine with him.

of hostilities in the Ohio valley. Following the battle, Washington pulled back several miles and established Fort Necessity, which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jummonville's brother at the Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3. Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms. One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo warriors—just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence. News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to

chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces. The Forbes Expedition was a British campaign in September–October 1758, with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country. The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley. The great French fortress at

dual cypher containing instructions as how to defeat the money pit flood tunnels with corn; authors Kathleen McGowen and Alen Butler discussing their theory involving the fabled Knights Templar treasure and an alleged relocation of historical religious artifacts to the island; and John O'Brien discussing his theory that the island contains treasures of the Aztec Empire. It has also been suggested by Zena Halpern, without evidence, that the Templars worshipped the Phoenician goddess Tanit. Having started in 2014, ""The Curse of Oak Island"" is currently in its sixth season. On August 2, 2016, it was announced that Nova Scotia Business

"Tyler Perry's House of Payne (season 5)"
Tyler Perry's House of Payne (season 5) The fifth season of the ""Tyler Perry's House of Payne"" began airing on December 3, 2008, and concluded on June 3, 2009. It stars Keshia Knight Pulliam as Miranda, Cassi Davis as Ella Payne, LaVan Davis as Curtis Payne, Allen Payne as CJ Payne, Lance Gross as Calvin Payne, Demetria McKinney as Janine Payne, and Larramie ""Doc"" Shaw as Malik Payne. This season consists of 26 episodes. All episodes of this season of House of Payne were recorded in front of a live studio audience. Actress China Anne McClain is not a cast

"Redneck Island"
Redneck Island Redneck Island is a reality-competition series hosted by Steve Austin on Country Music Television. The show premiered on June 9, 2012, and its fourth season premiered on December 4, 2014 and concluded on February 13, 2015. The 5th season premiered on January 28, 2016. ""Redneck Island"" strands a group of contestants, stereotyped as ""rednecks"", on a deserted island and they compete for food and immunity. Players compete in two teams each week, with the losing group voting one of their players out with a ""beer ballot."" The production of Redneck Island took place throughout May in San Francisco,

"Ice hockey"
as far back as 1773, as it was mentioned in the book ""Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education"" by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled ""New Improvements on the Game of Hockey"". While the game's origins lie elsewhere, Montreal is at the centre of the development of the sport of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey. On March 3, 1875, the first organized indoor game was played at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink between two nine-player

Hockey
""hockey"" in England throughout the 19th century, and even earlier under various other names. In Canada, there are 24 reports of hockey-like games in the 19th century before 1875 (five of them using the name ""hockey""). The first organized and recorded game of ice hockey was played indoors in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on March 3, 1875, and featured several McGill University students. Ice hockey sticks are long L-shaped sticks made of wood, graphite, or composites with a blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is held upright and can legally curve either

"First indoor ice hockey game"
the Windsor Hotel, a long-time centre of social life and meeting place of several sports organizations, was built in 1875. Nearby is old Windsor Station, which was the eastern terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, built in 1889. In 1873, James Creighton, a member of the Victoria Skating Club and a figure skating judge, started organizing sessions of shinny at the rink, played informally between members of the Club and friends. The rules followed were developed from the informal rules of the outdoor game played in Nova Scotia where Creighton was born and raised, and adapted to the indoors setting

and the rink's size. On March 3, 1875, the Rink hosted what has been recognized as the first organized ice hockey game, between members of the Victoria Skating Club, organized by Creighton. The match lays claim to this distinction because of factors which establish its link to modern ice hockey: it featured two teams (nine players per side) with a recorded score. Games prior to this had mostly been outdoors. In order to limit injuries to spectators and damage to glass windows, the game was played with a ""flat block of wood"" instead of a lacrosse ball. The two teams,

First indoor ice hockey game On March 3, 1875, the first recorded indoor ice hockey game took place at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Organized by James Creighton, who captained one of the teams, the game was between two nine-member teams, using a wooden 'puck'. Members used skates and sticks used for outdoor hockey and shinny games in Nova Scotia, where Creighton was born and raised. It is recognized as the first organized ice hockey game. The Victoria Skating Rink was a long (), two-story brick edifice with a -high pitched roof supported from within by curving

"Professional ice hockey"
Professional ice hockey Professional ice hockey has existed since the early 1900s (decade). The professional game originated in the United States in 1904 and became prominent in Canada during the early 20th century before expanding back into the United States and eventually to many other countries. In addition to the United States and Canada, high-level professional hockey is present in Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland and Switzerland; professional hockey is also played in many other countries, as diverse as Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Austria, Australia and Japan. Professional leagues emerged from amateur leagues. In 1904, the predominantly

teams, including James Creighton and several McGill University students. Instead of a ball or bung, the game featured a ""flat circular piece of wood"" (to keep it in the rink and to protect spectators). The goal posts were apart (today's goals are six feet wide). In 1876, games played in Montreal were ""conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules""; the Hockey Association was England's field hockey organization. In 1877, ""The Gazette"" (Montreal) published a list of seven rules, six of which were largely based on six of the Hockey Association's twelve rules, with only minor differences (even the word ""ball"" was

"Ice hockey in the United Kingdom"
This match, played on the frozen harbour by the city, is sometimes considered to be the birth of modern ice hockey. The game developed quickly in Canada, and in the late nineteenth century, Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby purchased a decorative punch bowl from a London silversmith to award to the leading amateur side in the country: this became known as the Stanley Cup. In the United Kingdom, a five-team league was in operation in England in 1903; the first in Europe. The league was contested at two rinks in London: the Prince's Skating Club in Knightsbridge and Hengler's

Hockey League was founded in New York City, shortly after the opening of the artificial-ice St. Nicholas Rink. Lord Stanley's five sons were instrumental in bringing ice hockey to Europe, defeating a court team (which included the future Edward VII and George V) at Buckingham Palace in 1895. By 1903, a five-team league had been founded. The ""Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace"" was founded in 1908 to govern international competition, and the first European championship was won by Great Britain in 1910. The sport grew further in Europe in the 1920s, after ice hockey became an Olympic sport. Many

similar winter games using informal rules as they were developed, such as ""shinny"" and ""ice polo"". The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian

"Simon Callow"
W.H.Auden Simon Callow Simon Phillip Hugh Callow (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor, musician, writer, and theatre director. Callow was born in Streatham, London, the son of Yvonne Mary (née Guise), a secretary, and Neil Francis Callow, a businessman. His father was of English and French descent and his mother was of Danish and German ancestry. He was brought up Roman Catholic. Callow was educated at the London Oratory School and then went on to study at Queen's University Belfast ('Queen's') in Northern Ireland where he was active in the Northern Ireland civil-rights movement, before giving up his

When Calls the Heart When Calls the Heart is a Canadian-American television drama series, inspired by Janette Oke's book of the same name from her ""Canadian West"" series, and developed by Michael Landon Jr. The series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11, 2014, and on April 16, 2014 on Super Channel in Canada. The series originally debuted as a two-hour television movie pilot in October 2013, starring Maggie Grace as young teacher Elizabeth Thatcher and Stephen Amell as North West Mounted Police officer Wynn Delaney. In the television series Erin Krakow is cast

"Mark Humphrey (actor)"
appeared in ""Still Small Voices"" with Catherine Bell. Humphrey has also appeared in numerous television series. In 2009 Humphrey appeared in the Canadian dramatic series ""Paradise Falls"", and the television movies ""Encounter with Danger"" with Shannen Doherty, and ""Hostile Makeover"" with Maggie Lawson. He appeared in the 2010 feature film ""Summer Eleven"". In 2015 Humphrey joined the cast of the Hallmark Channel series ""When Calls the Heart"" as mysterious preacher Frank Hogan. Humphrey appeared in the 2005 independent film ""Cruel But Necessary"" with his ex-wife Wendel Meldrum and their son Luke Humphrey. Humphrey was born in Vancouver, British Columbia to

"Timothy Spall"
Best Actor Award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for ""Mr. Turner"", a biographical film on J. M. W. Turner directed by Mike Leigh. From 29 March to 14 May 2016, Spall played the title role of Davies in Harold Pinter's play ""The Caretaker"", directed by Matthew Warchus at the Old Vic theatre in London opposite George MacKay and Daniel Mays. Spall and his wife Shane have three children: Pascale (born 1976), Rafe (born 1983), who is also an actor and Mercedes (born 1985). He lives in Forest Hill, south east London. In 1996, Spall was diagnosed with acute myeloid

"Where the Heart Is (UK TV series)"
on the band's ""38 Carat Collection"". The series is currently being repeated on ITV3. The show follows the lives of the people of Skelthwaite, a fictional small Yorkshire town; particularly the work of the district nurses at the town's health centre. It originally focuses on the extended Snow and Goddard family — sisters-in-law and close friends Peggy Snow (Ferris) and Ruth Goddard (Lancashire) who work together as district nurses, while Ruth's husband and Peggy's younger brother Simon (Thomas Craig) is the town's main employer through his paper products factory. Peggy's husband Vic (Tony Haygarth) and her children Stephen and Lucy

Meanwhile, Liz's father John Rainey (Peter MacLean) became involved with Christine Cameron, who was caught in a court battle with Hugh and Allison for custody of Katina. Christine sought therapy with psychiatrist Dr. Adrienne Harris (Priscilla Pointer), unaware that she was John's estranged wife. Desperate for reconciliation with John, Adrienne subtly manipulated Christine into having a complete nervous breakdown, forcing her to be institutionalized. During the serial's last week, all of Liz and Adrienne's machinations were exposed, and they decided to move in together to rebuild their lives, without Michael and John. Mary, who left Julian after discovering that Liz

Simon Callow Simon Phillip Hugh Callow (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor, musician, writer, and theatre director. Callow was born in Streatham, London, the son of Yvonne Mary (née Guise), a secretary, and Neil Francis Callow, a businessman. His father was of English and French descent and his mother was of Danish and German ancestry. He was brought up Roman Catholic. Callow was educated at the London Oratory School and then went on to study at Queen's University Belfast ('Queen's') in Northern Ireland where he was active in the Northern Ireland civil-rights movement, before giving up his degree

"On My Block (TV series)"
On My Block (TV series) On My Block is a coming-of-age television series, created by Lauren Iungerich, Eddie Gonzalez, and Jeremy Haft. The first season, consisting of ten episodes, was released on Netflix on March 16, 2018. On April 13, 2018, the series was renewed for a second season. The series stars Sierra Capri, Jason Genao, Brett Gray, Diego Tinoco, Jessica Marie Garcia, and Ronni Hawk. The series's diverse cast, story-lines, and performances were praised by critics. In a rough inner-city Los Angeles neighborhood, four teens find their lifelong friendship tested as they begin high school. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes

white sitcoms never do unless it’s a Very Special Episode."" On My Block (TV series) On My Block is a coming-of-age television series, created by Lauren Iungerich, Eddie Gonzalez, and Jeremy Haft. The first season, consisting of ten episodes, was released on Netflix on March 16, 2018. On April 13, 2018, the series was renewed for a second season. The series stars Sierra Capri, Jason Genao, Brett Gray, Diego Tinoco, Jessica Marie Garcia, and Ronni Hawk. The series's diverse cast, story-lines, and performances were praised by critics. In a rough inner-city Los Angeles neighborhood, four teens find their lifelong friendship

"Around the Block (film)"
Sydney. She meets a 16 year old Aboriginal student named Liam (Hunter Page-Lochard), who lives around the block in Redfern and lives a life of drugs and violence. Chalmers presents Liam with a possibility of a life without drugs and violence by giving him the lead in the production of ""Hamlet"", and so he must choose between pursuing his newfound dream of acting or following his family into a cycle of crime. In addition to this, Dino is in an unhappy relationship with her boyfriend and occasionally finds herself parked outside a shop to watch a woman. It is later

"Faizon Love"
Faizon Love Langston Faizon Santisima (born June 14, 1968), professionally known as Faizon Love, is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for roles in the film ""The Meteor Man"", ""Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood"", ""Friday"", ""Elf"", ""The Replacements"", ""Made"", and ""Couples Retreat"". Also, he is known for his role as Wendell Wilcox on ""The Parent 'Hood"" from 1995-1998 and Maurice Starr on BET's ""The New Edition Story"". Love was born Langston Faizon Santisima in Santiago de Cuba and grew up as a ""military brat""; he was raised in

the ground and into a desk. Faizon filed a plea of not guilty. Faizon Love Langston Faizon Santisima (born June 14, 1968), professionally known as Faizon Love, is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for roles in the film ""The Meteor Man"", ""Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood"", ""Friday"", ""Elf"", ""The Replacements"", ""Made"", and ""Couples Retreat"". Also, he is known for his role as Wendell Wilcox on ""The Parent 'Hood"" from 1995-1998 and Maurice Starr on BET's ""The New Edition Story"". Love was born Langston Faizon Santisima in Santiago

"Alejandro Patino"
in U.S. Hispanic market media. Patino was born in Santa Maria, California. Alejandro Patino Alejandro Patino is an American actor. He has guest starred on several television programs including the recurring role of Ralph, Gabrielle Solis's new gardener, on the ABC series ""Desperate Housewives"". Other appearances include ""House"", ""Roswell"", ""It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia"", ""Arrested Development"" and ""Family Law"". From 2013 to 2014, Patino costarred as Cesar on the FX series ""The Bridge"". He has portrayed Bossman in the live comedy production ""Chico's Angels"", a parody of the 1976–81 TV series ""Charlie's Angels"", since 2003. As of late 2015 and

"Alfonso Ribeiro"
Alfonso Ribeiro Alfonso Lincoln Ribeiro Sr. (born September 21, 1971) is an American comedian, director, singer, dancer, television personality and actor. He played Alfonso Spears on the sitcom ""Silver Spoons"", Carlton Banks on the NBC sitcom ""The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air"", and Maxwell Stanton on ""In the House"". He is the host of ABC's ""America's Funniest Home Videos"", replacing host Tom Bergeron, who left after 14 years. Ribeiro hosted the GSN game show ""Catch 21"", the ABC Family show ""Spell-Mageddon"", and the television show ""Dance 360"". He starred in the title role of the Broadway musical ""The Tap Dance Kid"",

Around the Block (film) Around the Block is a 2013 Australian drama film directed and written by Sarah Spillane. The films stars Christina Ricci, Hunter Page-Lochard, Jack Thompson and Damian Walshe-Howling. The films revolves around an American drama teacher (Ricci) who develops a friendship with a sixteen-year-old Aboriginal Australian boy (Page-Lochard) during the 2004 Redfern riots. An American drama teacher named Dino Chalmers (Christina Ricci), who has a passion for Shakespeare, gets the opportunity to work at a school in Sydney, Australia, where she attempts to introduce theatre as an alternative to life on the tough streets of Redfern in

"James Rhine"
gets him evicted 7th place on day 53. James Rhine James Rhine (born December 6, 1975), is an American television talk-show host, actor, producer and model. He most recently appeared as a host and interviewer on ""Celeb TV"" in Chicago and is a recurring guest host on ""In the Loop"" on WYCC Chicago. He was the lead host and an associate producer of ""3 Guys in a Booth"", a nationally televised talk-show filmed in Chicago that aired on NBC NonStop stations. He was also a recurring host for SuperPass on Real Networks. He was a contestant on the Big Brother

"Luis Antonio Ramos"
Luis Antonio Ramos Luis Antonio Ramos (born 13 July 1973) is a Puerto Rican-born American actor who has been on and starred in various film and television shows such as ""Martin"", ""Early Edition"", ""New York Undercover"", ""In The House"", ""Friends"", ""The Shield"", """", and """". Born in Puerto Rico, Luis was raised in the Bronx, New York and currently resides in Los Angeles. In his free time races bicycles, plays baseball, and writes a blog entitled ACTOR ON A BIKE which can be read at www.luisantonioramos.net ""Miracle In Spanish Harlem"", in which Luis plays a single father of two young

Bacteroidetes
Bacteroidetes The phylum Bacteroidetes is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. ""Bacteroidetes spp."" are part of normal, healthy placental microbiome. By far, the ones in the Bacteroidia class are the most well-studied, including the genus ""Bacteroides"" (an abundant organism in the feces of warm-blooded animals including humans), and ""Porphyromonas"", a group of organisms inhabiting the human oral cavity. The class Bacteroidia was formerly called Bacteroidetes; as

passages Bacteroidetes The phylum Bacteroidetes is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. ""Bacteroidetes spp."" are part of normal, healthy placental microbiome. By far, the ones in the Bacteroidia class are the most well-studied, including the genus ""Bacteroides"" (an abundant organism in the feces of warm-blooded animals including humans), and ""Porphyromonas"", a group of organisms inhabiting the human oral cavity. The class Bacteroidia was formerly called Bacteroidetes;

Bacteroides
Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. ""Bacteroides"" species are nonendospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, ""Bacteroides"" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. ""Bacteroides"" species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 10–10 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use

Bacteriocyte
Bacteriocyte A bacteriocyte (Greek for ""bacteria cell""), also called a mycetocyte, is a specialized adipocyte found in some insect groups such as aphids, tsetse flies, german cockroaches, weevils, and others. These cells contain endosymbiotic bacteria such as ""Buchnera"" species, which provide essential amino acids and other chemicals to their host. Bacteriocytes may be aggregated into an organ, the bacteriome. Bacteriocytes are maternally-transmitted, i.e. the mother transmits her endosymbionts to her offspring. In some cases, the bacteria are transmitted in the egg, as in ""Buchnera""; in others, like ""Wigglesworthia"", they are transmitted via a milky substance that is fed to the

appreciable numbers in their stool until after they are weaned, ""Bacteroides spp."" are part of the normal, healthy placental microbiome. Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. ""Bacteroides"" species are nonendospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, ""Bacteroides"" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. ""Bacteroides"" species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones

Bacilli
Bacilli Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as ""Bacillus anthracis"" (the cause of anthrax). ""Bacilli"" are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria. Several related concepts make use of similar words, and the ambiguity can create considerable confusion. The term """"Bacillus"""" (capitalized and italicized) is also the name of a genus (""Bacillus anthracis"") that, among many other genera, falls within the class Bacilli. The word ""bacillus"" (or its plural ""bacilli"", with a small b) is also a generic term to describe the morphology of any rod-shaped bacterium. This general

bacteriocytes. Bacteriocyte development has been maintained in aphids for 80–150 million years. Bacteriocyte A bacteriocyte (Greek for ""bacteria cell""), also called a mycetocyte, is a specialized adipocyte found in some insect groups such as aphids, tsetse flies, german cockroaches, weevils, and others. These cells contain endosymbiotic bacteria such as ""Buchnera"" species, which provide essential amino acids and other chemicals to their host. Bacteriocytes may be aggregated into an organ, the bacteriome. Bacteriocytes are maternally-transmitted, i.e. the mother transmits her endosymbionts to her offspring. In some cases, the bacteria are transmitted in the egg, as in ""Buchnera""; in others, like ""Wigglesworthia"",

Bacteriocin
Bacteriocin Bacteriocins are proteinaceous or peptidic toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s). They are similar to yeast and paramecium killing factors, and are structurally, functionally, and ecologically diverse. Applications of bacteriocins are being tested to assess their application as narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Bacteriocins were first discovered by André Gratia in 1925. He was involved in the process of searching for ways to kill bacteria, which also resulted in the development of antibiotics and the discovery of bacteriophage, all within a span of a few years. He called his first discovery a ""colicine""

it was until recently the only class in the phylum, the name was changed in the fourth volume of Bergey's ""Manual of Systematic Bacteriology"". Some members of the genus ""Bacteroides"" are opportunistic pathogens. Rarely are members of the other two classes pathogenic to humans. This phylum is sometimes grouped with Chlorobi, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadates, Caldithrix, and marine group A to form the FCB group or superphylum. In the alternative classification system proposed by Cavalier-Smith, this taxon is instead a class in the Sphingobacteria phylum. Comparative genomic analysis has led to the identification of 27 proteins which are present in most species

Bacilli
Nomenclature (LPSN) Bacilli Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as ""Bacillus anthracis"" (the cause of anthrax). ""Bacilli"" are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria. Several related concepts make use of similar words, and the ambiguity can create considerable confusion. The term """"Bacillus"""" (capitalized and italicized) is also the name of a genus (""Bacillus anthracis"") that, among many other genera, falls within the class Bacilli. The word ""bacillus"" (or its plural ""bacilli"", with a small b) is also a generic term to describe the morphology of any rod-shaped bacterium.

"Kate Warne"
as a young detective in the Canadian TV series ""The Pinkertons"", played by Martha MacIsaac. Kate Warne Kate Warne (1833 – January 28, 1868) was the first female detective, in 1856, in the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the United States. Very little is known about Kate Warne prior to her working for Allan Pinkerton, except that she was born in Erin, Chemung County, New York and was a widow by age 23. Pinkerton, in his book ""The Spy of the Rebellion"" (1883), described her as: [a] commanding person, with clear cut, expressive features ... a slender, brown-haired woman, graceful in

Kate Warne Kate Warne (1833 – January 28, 1868) was the first female detective, in 1856, in the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the United States. Very little is known about Kate Warne prior to her working for Allan Pinkerton, except that she was born in Erin, Chemung County, New York and was a widow by age 23. Pinkerton, in his book ""The Spy of the Rebellion"" (1883), described her as: [a] commanding person, with clear cut, expressive features ... a slender, brown-haired woman, graceful in her movements and self-possessed. Her features, although not what could be called handsome [beautiful], were

"Lola Baldwin"
Lola Baldwin Aurora ""Lola"" Greene Baldwin (1860 – June 22, 1957) of Portland, Oregon, was one of the first policewomen in the United States. In 1908, she was sworn in by the City of Portland as Superintendent of the Women's Auxiliary to the Police Department for the Protection of Girls (later renamed the Women's Protective Division), with the rank of detective. Baldwin grew up in Rochester, New York, and taught in nearby public schools. She relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she taught, then married. She, her husband, and their two sons later lived in several U.S. cities, where Baldwin engaged

"Dorothy Peto"
actually more a description of the development of the force rather than Peto's personal memoirs of her particular role or life. Dorothy Peto Dorothy Olivia Georgiana Peto OBE KPFSM (15 December 1886 – 26 February 1974) was a pioneer of women policing in the United Kingdom who served as the first attested Woman Superintendent in the London Metropolitan Police from 1930 to 1946. Peto was born in Emery Down, near Lyndhurst, Hampshire. Her father, Morton Kelsall Peto, was a builder and noted landscape artist, and her grandfather was Sir Morton Peto, 1st Baronet. She was educated at home and began

"Alice Stebbins Wells"
Alice Stebbins Wells Alice Stebbins Wells (June 13, 1873 – August 17, 1957) was the first American-born female police officer in the United States, hired in 1910 in Los Angeles. Alice was a graduate of Oberlin College and Hartford Theological Seminary, where a study she conducted concluded there was a large need for woman officers. She also previously served as a minister in Kansas and a member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Wells joined the Los Angeles Police Department after a long battle of petitioning with many citizens who supported her or that she persuaded. With such a huge

the Protection of Girls, later renamed the Women's Protective Division (WPD). On April 1, 1908, she was sworn in as superintendent of the auxiliary with the rank of detective. Depending on the definition of ""policewoman"", Baldwin was the first except for Marie Owens, thought to have begun her policing career in Chicago in 1891. Another candidate for the title of ""first"" is Alice Stebbins Wells, who joined the Los Angeles Police Department in 1910. All three specialized in law enforcement related to women and children. Louise Bryant, writing about Baldwin for ""Sunset"" magazine in 1912, described her as a ""municipal

Dorothy Peto Dorothy Olivia Georgiana Peto OBE KPFSM (15 December 1886 – 26 February 1974) was a pioneer of women policing in the United Kingdom who served as the first attested Woman Superintendent in the London Metropolitan Police from 1930 to 1946. Peto was born in Emery Down, near Lyndhurst, Hampshire. Her father, Morton Kelsall Peto, was a builder and noted landscape artist, and her grandfather was Sir Morton Peto, 1st Baronet. She was educated at home and began writing novels. She was not successful in this endeavour and in 1914 joined the National Union of Women Workers women patrols,

"Brenda Allen"
Brenda Allen Brenda Allen (born Marie Mitchell) was a madam based in Los Angeles, California, whose arrest in 1948 triggered a scandal that led to the attempted reform of the Los Angeles Police Department (L.A.P.D.). Allen received police protection due to her relationship with Sergeant Elmer V. Jackson of the L.A.P.D.'s administrative vice squad, who reportedly was her lover. Allen began work as a prostitute in Los Angeles in the 1930s, though she already had several prior morals charges in other US cities. She rose to prominence around 1940 as the successor to Ann Forrester (aka ""Black Widow""), who had

"Sybil Plumlee"
Sybil Plumlee Sybil Virginia Plumlee (née Burgess; April 29, 1911 – January 6, 2012) was an American teacher, caseworker, and police officer who served in Portland, Oregon's Women's Protective Division, a special unit of the Portland Police Bureau, from 1947 to 1967. She is recognized as a pioneer in the law enforcement field, which has historically been dominated by men. Born in Seattle in 1911, Plumlee attended high school in Portland and then graduated from Oregon Normal School, now known as Western Oregon University. She became a school teacher in Clarno, Oregon, but later returned to Portland, where she married

"Margaret Damer Dawson"
Dawson's death it was renamed the ""Damer Dawson Memorial Home for Babies"". Margaret Damer Dawson Margaret Mary Damer Dawson OBE (12 June 1873 – 18 May 1920) was a prominent anti-vivisectionist and philanthropist who co-founded the first British women's police service. Margaret Dawson was born on 12 June 1873 to a wealthy family in Burgess Hill and grew up in Hove. After her father, Richard Dawson, died her mother remarried, becoming Lady Walsingham. Her step-father was Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham. Dawson had a private income and studied music with the Austrian pianist Benno Schoenberger at the London Academy

"Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man"
Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man is a 1991 action biker film starring Mickey Rourke and Don Johnson, with a supporting cast including Chelsea Field, Daniel Baldwin, Giancarlo Esposito, Tom Sizemore, and Vanessa Williams. It is directed by Simon Wincer from a screenplay by Don Michael Paul. The film provides a notable example of the ""biker"" stereotype. The title character in the film is named after the motorcycle manufacturer Harley-Davidson. The film was a critical and financial failure, earning only $7 million at the domestic box office (the budget was estimated at $23 million).

It has since become a cult classic following its release to video. In the near future, Harley Davidson (Mickey Rourke) travels from Texas to Burbank, California to reconnect with his old friend Robert ""Marlboro Man"" Anderson (Don Johnson) at their old haunt; Rock N' Roll Bar & Grille. Their mutual friend Jack Daniels (Big John Studd) holds animosity towards Harley over an affair he and his now-wife Lulu (Vanessa Williams) had years prior. The bar has fallen on hard times, and the Great Trust bank has threatened foreclosure, planning to demolish the building to make way for a skyscraper. Harley

and Robert convince Jack to help them rob one of the Bank's armoured cars in order to collect the funds necessary to renew the building's lease. The robbery mostly goes off without a hitch, but the trio are intercepted by a group of security agents who almost foil their getaway. Upon escaping, they discover the loot they stole from the van contains not money, but a new, experimental street drug called ""Crystal Dream."" The bank's head of security Alexander (Daniel Baldwin) is ordered by CEO Chance Wilder (Tom Sizemore) to recover the stolen drugs and kill the thieves. Meanwhile, Robert

poignantly bad actioner about two legends-in-their-own-minds"". Vincent Canby of ""The New York Times"" wrote, ""Mr. Rourke and Mr. Johnson handle their roles with more ease and humor than can be accommodated by a movie so stuffed with mindless fistfights, gunfights, helicopter chases, explosions and leaps from tall buildings."" ""Time Out London"" called it ""utter rubbish, and badly dressed at that."" Kim Newman of ""Empire"" wrote, ""For a while, its crassness is amusing, but as the plot sets in, it gradually turns into a stultifying bore."" Johnson and Rourke have spoken negatively of the film. Rourke cited the film as the

"Wayne McLaren"
Wayne McLaren Wayne McLaren (September 12, 1940 – July 22, 1992) was an American stuntman, model, actor, and rodeo performer. McLaren worked as a stuntman and rodeo rider before being hired to appear in ads for Marlboro. McLaren competed in bronc riding and bull riding events. In 1976, he did promotional work for the famous Marlboro cigarette advertising campaign as the ""Marlboro Man"". After developing lung cancer in 1990, McLaren became an anti-smoking crusader citing his 30-year smoking habit as the cause of his cancer. During the time of McLaren's anti-smoking activism, Philip Morris denied that McLaren ever appeared in

"Mitzi Martin"
""S1m0ne"" and ""The Island"". Currently, Martin is married to Josh Todd of Buckcherry and resides in Los Angeles with her children Willow (b. February 2006) and Jack (b. December 2008). Mitzi Martin Mitzi Martin (born December 27, 1967) is an American actress and model, most notable for her roles in the films ""Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man"", ""Joe Dirt"", ""Dude, Where's My Car?"", and ""The Island"". Her likeness and image were also used for the character Cate Archer in the computer game ""No One Lives Forever"". Martin first came to prominence as a fashion model. Early in her career,

is pulled over for speeding by a motorcycle cop; his ex-lover Virginia Slim (Chelsea Field). The two spend the night together, during which Robert learns that she's engaged. Harley takes Virginia to breakfast the next morning, during which she tells him that Crystal Dream is 100% addictive and causes lasting neurological damage and, eventually, death. Robert, fuming about Virginia's upcoming marriage, steals her fiancé's motorcycle. He and Harley go to the bank's headquarters and talk to Wilder via telephone. They demand $2.5 million in exchange for the drugs. Wilder agrees to have someone meet them that night in the airplane

Part of Me"" by Vanessa Williams. An early scene around a pool table seems to have originally featured AC/DC's ""Hells Bells,"" but has been replaced by a sound-alike. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 22% of 18 surveyed critics gave it a positive review; the average rating was 3.6/10. Kevin Thomas of the ""Los Angeles Times"" called it ""a mindless cobbling from countless buddy movies"". Owen Gleiberman of ""Entertainment Weekly"" rated it C+ and called it ""a kinetic formula shoot-'em-up"" that is ""engagingly junky entertainment with a healthy sense of its own ludicrousness."" ""Variety"" called it ""a dopey, almost

"William Thourlby"
William Thourlby William Leo Thourlby (January 22, 1924 – April 15, 2013) was an American actor, model and writer. He was known for his rugged, cowboy look, when he appeared as the face of the Marlboro Man campaign in the 1950s. This ad campaign was one of the 20th century's most famous, redefining the Marlboro brand image from a cigarette for women to one for men. William Thourlby was born on January 22, 1924, in Detroit, Michigan, US, the son of William H. Thourlby and Edith Thourlby. He had two siblings, both sisters; Margaret P. Thourlby and Gloria G. Thourlby.

"The Flintstones"
Finally, the stone houses of this society are cookie-cutter homes positioned into typical neighborhoods. Over 100 other characters appeared throughout the program. Fred Flintstone physically resembles both the voice actor who played him, Alan Reed, and Jackie Gleason, whose series, ""The Honeymooners"", inspired ""The Flintstones"". The voice of Barney Rubble was provided by voice actor Mel Blanc, though five episodes during the second season (the first, second, fifth, sixth, and ninth) employed Hanna-Barbera regular Daws Butler while Blanc was incapacitated by a near-fatal car accident. Blanc was able to return to the series much sooner than expected, by virtue of

a temporary recording studio for the entire cast set up at Blanc's bedside. Blanc's portrayal of Barney had changed considerably after the accident. In the earliest episodes, Blanc had used a much higher pitch to the point of portraying Barney as a smart-aleck. After his recovery from the accident, Blanc used a deeper voice, quite similar to the voice of the Abominable Snowman he performed in other cartoons, and was shown as somewhat dopier than before. Reed based Fred's voice upon Gleason's ""Honeymooners"" interpretation of Ralph Kramden, while Blanc, after a season of using a nasal, high-pitched voice for Barney,

Blanc's death in 1989, Barney has been voiced by Jeff Bergman, Frank Welker, and Kevin Michael Richardson. Various additional character voices were created by Hal Smith, Allan Melvin, Janet Waldo, Daws Butler, and Howard Morris, among others. The opening and closing credits theme during the first two seasons was called ""Rise and Shine"", a lively instrumental underscore accompanying Fred on his drive home from work. The tune resembled ""The Bugs Bunny Overture (This Is It!)"", the theme song of ""The Bugs Bunny Show"", also airing on ABC at the time, and may have been the reason the theme was changed

"The Flintstones on Ice"
The Flintstones on Ice The Flintstones on Ice is a 1973 American live action television special featuring characters from ""The Flintstones"" franchise directed by Walter C. Miller and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. It premiered on CBS on February 11, 1973 at 8:00 pm EST. The special was taped in Hamburg, Germany before a capacity crowd and starred costumed characters of Fred Flintstone, Wilma Flintstone, Barney Rubble and Betty Rubble (portrayed by champion ice skaters Lothar Dobberstein, Teri Tucker, Malcolm Smith and Mitsuko Funakoshi, respectively). Also featured are several other renowned skaters Donald McPherson, Cliff McArdle, Gudrun Hauss and Walter Häfner,

"The Flintstones (film)"
roundtables, and later described the film as ""one of those scripts that had about 18 writers"". The effects for Dino, Dictabird, and the other prehistoric creatures were provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. Actors John Candy, Jim Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Bill Murray, and Chevy Chase were all considered for the role of Fred Flintstone, but John Candy had died before production began, the last four actors were all deemed too skinny and a fat suit was deemed too inappropriate to be used. If Goodman had turned the role down, the film would not have been made. Geena Davis, Faith Ford,

Genesis version developed by Foley Hi-Tech and published by Ocean Software was also planned, but was later canceled and was released on the Sega Channel instead The Flintstones (film) The Flintstones is a 1994 American buddy comedy film directed by Brian Levant and written by Tom S. Parker, Jim Jennewein, and Steven E. de Souza. It is a live-action motion picture adaptation of the 1960–1966 animated television series of the same name. The film stars John Goodman as Fred Flintstone, Rick Moranis as Barney Rubble, Elizabeth Perkins as Wilma Flintstone, and Rosie O'Donnell as Betty Rubble, along with Kyle MacLachlan

world of live action, including two of Jackie Gleason's writers, Herbert Finn and Sydney Zelinka, as well as relative newcomer Joanna Lee while still using traditional animation story men such as Warren Foster and Michael Maltese. ""The Flintstones"" premiered on September 30, 1960, at 8:30 pm, and quickly became a hit. It was the first American animated show to depict two people of the opposite sex (Fred and Wilma; Barney and Betty) sleeping together in one bed, although Fred and Wilma are sometimes depicted as sleeping in separate beds. For comparison, the first live-action depiction of this in American TV

in the third season. Starting in season 3, episode 3 (""Barney the Invisible""), the opening and closing credits theme was the familiar vocal ""Meet the Flintstones"". This version was recorded with a 22-piece big band, and the Randy Van Horne Singers. The melody is derived from part of the 'B' section of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 17 Movement 2, composed in 1801/02. The ""Meet the Flintstones"" opening was later added to the first two seasons for syndication. The musical underscores were credited to Hoyt Curtin for the show's first five seasons; Ted Nichols took over in 1965 for the final

the air. But they also told him, 'Do you want to be known as the guy who yanked Fred Flintstone off the air? The guy who took away a show so many kids love, and so many parents love, too?'"" Henry Corden's voice became Fred's after Reed's death in 1977, starting with ""A Flintstone Christmas"". Corden had previously provided Fred's singing voice in ""The Man Called Flintstone"" and later on ""The Flintstones"" children's records. Since 2000, Jeff Bergman, James Arnold Taylor, and Scott Innes (performing both Fred and Barney for Toshiba commercials) have performed the voice of Fred. Since Mel

"The Great Gazoo"
The Great Gazoo The Great Gazoo is a fictional character from ""The Flintstones"" animated series. He first appeared on the show on October 29, 1965. The Great Gazoo was voiced by actor Harvey Korman. The Great Gazoo is a tiny, green, floating alien who was exiled to Earth from his home planet Zetox as punishment for having invented a doomsday machine, a weapon of immense destructive power. His invention was a button which if pressed would destroy the universe in an explosive ""ZAM,"" though he insists he made it on a whim (""I wanted to be the first on my

where did they get the vibranium to make captain americas shield

"Captain America's shield"
The shield is created by a fictional American metallurgist named Myron MacLain, who had been commissioned by the US government to create an indestructible armor material to aid the war effort. MacLain experiments with the indestructible vibration-absorbing metal vibranium. During one of his experiments to fuse vibranium with an experimental iron alloy, MacLain falls asleep and awakens to find that the resulting alloy had set in a tank hatch mold. It was then painted to become Captain America's symbol. MacLain would later attempt to recreate the shield's metal to no avail, his experiments instead eventually yielding the super-metal adamantium. Rogers'

Vibranium
form a new tank armor, but was unable to fuse the elements. One morning, he found that the two materials had bonded on their own in an unknown manner. The ultra-resilient alloy was used to create Captain America's shield. MacLain worked for decades (without success) to duplicate the accident. However, during an experiment in the 1960s, he developed the virtually indestructible metal adamantium. In the comics, when T'Challa became king of Wakanda, he strove to end his country's isolation from the rest of the world. Making the existence of vibranium known to the outside world around the mid-1980s, he sold

"Captain America"
which Captain America's 1950s imitator and Nuke are the most notorious examples. Captain America has used multiple shields throughout his history, the most prevalent of which is a nigh-indestructible disc-shaped shield made from an experimental alloy of steel and the fictional vibranium. The shield was cast by American metallurgist Dr. Myron MacLain, who was contracted by the U.S. government, from orders of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to create an impenetrable substance to use for tanks during World War II. This alloy was created by accident and never duplicated, although efforts to reverse-engineer it resulted in the discovery of adamantium. Captain

the design was too similar to that of its own patriotic hero the Shield, Timely Comics replaced the triangular shield with a disc-shaped one. While the origin and fate of the original shield were not described in the original comics from the 1940s, the shield's fate was revealed decades later in 2001 through a retconned story. According to the tale, King T'Chaka of the African nation Wakanda met Captain America in early 1941 and gave him a sample of vibranium, an alien metal with unique vibration absorption properties and found only in Wakanda and the Savage Land. The new Vibranium

Vibranium
Vibranium Vibranium () is a fictional metal appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This fictional metal is noted for its uncanny ability to leverage thermodynamics in absorbing, storing, and releasing kinetic energy in a controlled manner. Vibranium is associated with Black Panther, as his suit is made from vibranium and is found in his native homeland of Wakanda. Antarctic Vibranium or Anti-Metal is created by artificial means, in contrast to natural, or Wakandan, vibranium. Vibranium is also commonly known as one of the materials used to construct Captain America's shield. Vibranium first appeared in ""Daredevil"" #13 (February

provided by T'Chaka to incapacitate the Skull. The weapon serves as the inspiration for the circular shield that the super-soldier begins using upon his return to America, and the encounter marks the beginning of friendly relations between the United States and Wakanda. The circular shield most associated with Captain America made its debut in ""Captain America Comics"" #2 (April 1941). A concavo-convex metal disc approximately in diameter, is indestructible and has remained his most constant shield over the decades. In ""Captain America"" #255 (March 1981), it is established that the shield was presented to Rogers by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

incorporating electronic and magnetic components in it so that Rogers can even control it in flight. Rogers soon discards the additional components because he finds that it upsets the balance of the shield when thrown. After Rogers' death, Stark takes over custody of the shield, with one replica on display in a museum, and another replica buried with Rogers. The real one is kept by Stark to be used by the new Captain America, whenever they deem it appropriate to train a new one. After failing to find a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent capable of throwing it properly, Stark offers the shield

was created by the team of writer-artist Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby. Captain America's shield is virtually indestructible under normal conditions. While cosmic and magical or godly opponents have broken the shield, the shield proves strong enough to absorb Hulk's strength, and repel an attack from Thor's mystical hammer Mjölnir without any visible damage. Due to its construction of a vibranium and Iron alloy, it is able to absorb all kinetic energy and transfers very little energy from each impact, preventing Captain America from feeling recoil or transferred impact forces when blocking attacks. This alloy also allows him to

"Myron MacLain"
Myron MacLain Myron MacLain is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is generally credited as the creator of the proto-adamantium alloy that was used to create Captain America's shield and as the creator of adamantium in an effort to re-create the shield. MacLain is a gifted metallurgist whose inventions have served many superheroes and supervillains alike in the Marvel Universe. He has also proven adept at robotics and constructing suits of armor. In the 1930s, Dr. Myron MacLain learned metallurgy and his skills in the field soon became useful when he came under

impact until it finally shattered after it was retrieved from the bottom of the ocean. Learning that the vibranium cancer would require the destruction of the shield in order to cure it, Rogers took the shield to the main vibranium deposit in Wakanda so that he could use a device created by Tony Stark to halt the 'cancer' before it could contaminate the Wakandan vibranium and destroy the world, only to be intercepted by the villain Klaw, who sought to absorb the power and become stronger. Fortunately, the amount of energy Klaw had absorbed was released when he struck the

"Tracy Letts"
man), ""Early Edition"" (as Jonathan/Marksman), ""Home Improvement"" (as Henry), and others. In feature films, Letts has appeared in Audrey Wells' ""Guinevere"" (as Zack), Stuart Baird's ""U.S. Marshals"" (as Sheriff Poe), ""Chicago Cab"" (as the sports fan), ""Straight Talk"" (as Sean), ""Paramedics"" (as the van owner), and ""The Big Short"" (as Lawrence Fields). Letts co-starred as Dean Caudwell in ""Indignation"" (2016), an adaptation of Philip Roth's 2008 novel of the same name. In 2017, Letts starred in ""The Lovers"", ""Lady Bird"", and ""The Post"". Tracy Letts Tracy S. Letts (born July 4, 1965) is an American actor, playwright and screenwriter. He

"Thomas Sadoski"
Thomas Sadoski Thomas Sadoski (born July 1, 1976) is an American stage, film, and television actor. He is best known for his roles as Don Keefer in the HBO series ""The Newsroom"" and as Matt Short in the sitcom television series ""Life in Pieces"". Sadoski was born in New Haven, Connecticut and raised in College Station, Texas. Sadoski attended the University of North Texas in Denton, TX for one semester. He graduated from New York's Circle in the Square Theatre School in 1998. Sadoski married Kimberly Hope in 2007. They divorced in October 2015. Sadoski began dating actress Amanda Seyfried

"Eric McCormack"
Eric McCormack Eric James McCormack (born April 18, 1963) is a Canadian-American actor known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom ""Will & Grace"", Grant MacLaren in Netflix's ""Travelers"" and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama ""Perception"". Born in Toronto, McCormack began his acting career performing in high school plays. He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, where he spent five years performing in numerous stage productions. For much of the late 1990s, he lived in Los Angeles and had minor roles. He made his feature film

"Will Poulter"
centers on an 1820s frontiersman on a path of vengeance against those who left him for dead after a bear mauling. In 2017, he played the racist police officer Philip Krauss in the film ""Detroit"", about the 1967 Detroit riots. His work in the film was praised with one critic calling it ""towering"" while another deemed it ""terrifyingly confident"". Poulter was initially cast as Pennywise the Clown in the 2017 remake of the Stephen King miniseries ""It"". However, it was announced in June 2016 that Bill Skarsgård was cast instead, since Poulter was forced to drop out, due both to

"John Slattery"
he loved both TV and movies, staying up late to watch them and making it very hard to wake up in the morning. As a young boy, he dreamed of being a baseball player. Apart from his role on ""Mad Men"", Slattery has had roles such as union organizer Al Kahn on ""Homefront""; Senator Walter Mondale in the HBO miniseries ""From the Earth to the Moon""; as political adviser Tommy Flannigan in the HBO series ""K Street""; guest appearances as Will Truman's brother Sam on ""Will & Grace""; as Michael Cassidy, Amy's estranged husband, on ""Judging Amy""; politician Bill Kelley

"The Big Short (film)"
The Big Short (film) The Big Short is a 2015 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Adam McKay and written by McKay and Charles Randolph, based on the 2010 book ""The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine"" by Michael Lewis about the financial crisis of 2007–2008 which was triggered by the United States housing bubble. The film stars Christian Bale, Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Brad Pitt, Melissa Leo, Hamish Linklater, John Magaro, Rafe Spall, Jeremy Strong, Finn Wittrock, and Marisa Tomei. The film is noted for the unconventional techniques it employs to explain complex financial instruments. Among others, it features

attended a march in Fresno, California, on May 30, 2009, after the Supreme Court of California upheld a ban on same-sex marriage approved by voters in November by ballot Proposition 8. McCormack is a Democrat. Eric McCormack Eric James McCormack (born April 18, 1963) is a Canadian-American actor known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom ""Will & Grace"", Grant MacLaren in Netflix's ""Travelers"" and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama ""Perception"". Born in Toronto, McCormack began his acting career performing in high school plays. He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position

"Joseph Will"
Joseph Will Joseph Will (born November 4, 1970) is an American actor. Will attended Point Park University graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater, and later pursued his master's degree in Acting from the Florida State University Conservatory of Actor Training, in Sarasota, Florida. Will began his television career in a comic role on the Emmy Award-winning sitcom ""Frasier"", opposite Kelsey Grammer and Patti Lupone. He has been featured in a number of prime time television shows, including NYPD Blue, """", ""Will & Grace"", ""Studio 60 On The Sunset Strip"", ""Without A Trace"", ""Shark"", ""Life With Bonnie"", and

"Colm Meaney"
Colm Meaney Colm J. Meaney (; Irish: ""Colm Ó Maonaigh""; born 30 May 1953) is an Irish actor known for playing Miles O'Brien in """" and """". He has guest-starred on many TV shows from ""Law & Order"" to ""The Simpsons"", and starred as Thomas Durant on ""Hell on Wheels"". He has also had a significant career in motion pictures, and appeared in the film ""The Damned United"", all three film adaptations of Roddy Doyle's ""The Barrytown Trilogy"", and in ""Get Him to the Greek"", as well as """". In 2017, Meaney won the Best Actor IFTA for his portrayal

shooting for. Once I got the tone down, then I went through the plot. The market's movements provided you with an underlying plot. You make your short deal, then the bank is trying to squeeze you out, and then it all breaks loose. So that was pretty easy, and it provided character arcs against that."" Two years after Randolph wrote his draft, McKay, as director, rewrote Randolph's screenplay. It was McKay's idea to include the celebrity cameos in the film to explain the financial concepts. On January 13, 2015, ""Variety"" reported that Brad Pitt, Christian Bale, and Ryan Gosling were

"Loi (surname)"
Loi (surname) Loi is a surname. It has various origins, including as a spelling of three Chinese surnames (), an Italian surname from Sardinia or Sicily, and a surname in India from the word ""loi"" meaning ""outcast"" in the Meitei language. Loi may be the spelling of three Chinese surnames, based on their pronunciation in different varieties of Chinese; they are listed below by their spelling in Hanyu Pinyin, which reflects the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation: The Chinese surname meaning ""lightning"" is spelled in Vietnamese as Lôi (, that being the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of the original Chinese character). Loi is also

"Lei (surname)"
of the Indian-Canadian community. 雷 is the Chinese character for ""thunder"". In Old Chinese, its pronunciation has been reconstructed as ""*C.rˤuj""; and in Middle Chinese, as ""Lwoj"". Lei (surname) Lei is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (""Léi""). Additionally, the very common Chinese surname Li () is sometimes romanized as ""Lei"", particularly among the Macanese. 雷 is also romanized as Lui in Hokkien and Teochew, Lui, Looi, or Loi in Cantonese; Louie or Louis in Taishanese; Lūi in Gan. It is rendered as Lôi in Vietnamese; Roe () or Noe () in Korean; and Rai in Japanese. 雷 is

a surname found in Manipur, India, from the word ""loi"" meaning ""outcast"" in the Meitei language. As an Italian surname, Loi appears to have originated as a shortened form of some given name, possibly the Sardinian Balloe, or the Sicilian Aloi (the local form of the name ). Loi may also be a Greek surname. In Italy, 2,716 families bore the surname Loi, with 2,061 (76%) located in Sardinia, but only 10 (0.5%) located in Sicily. According to statistics cited by Patrick Hanks, there were 282 people on the island of Great Britain and one on the island of Ireland

"Ngo hiang"
Ngo hiang Ngo hiang (), also known as heh gerng () or lor bak () is a unique Hokkien and Teochew dish widely adopted in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines (where it is known as kikiam, que-kiam, or ngohiong), Singapore, and Thailand; in addition to its place of origin in eastern China. It is essentially a composition of various meats and vegetables and other ingredients, such as a sausage-like roll consisting of minced pork and prawn (or fish) seasoned with five-spice powder (Hokkien: 五香粉, ""ngó͘-hiong-hún"") after which it is named, rolled inside a beancurd skin and deep-fried, lup cheong, cucumber, century

Laowai
Laowai Laowai is the Mandarin pronunciation/transliteration of (pinyin: ""lǎowài"", ""old foreign""), an informal term or slang for ""foreigner"" and/or non-Chinese national, usually neutral but possibly impolite or loose in some circumstances. Formal and polite Chinese terms for foreigner include ""wàiguórén"" (), ""wàibīn"" (), ""guójì yǒurén"" ) and ""wàiguó pengyou"" (). The term is typically used to refer to Europeans ('whites', 'Caucasians') especially, and to a lesser extent, Africans ('black'), Native Americans, Latin Americans and Middle Easterners. ""Laowai"" usually does not refer to ethnic Han of non-Chinese nationality or other East Asian ethnicities. As characters and words, ""lǎo"" means ""old; senior;

"Loa loa"
Loa loa Loa loa is the filarial nematode (roundworm) species that causes ""Loa loa"" filariasis. ""Loa loa"" actually means ""worm worm"", but is commonly known as the ""eye worm"", as it localizes to the conjunctiva of the eye. ""Loa loa"" is commonly found in Africa. It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in Ethiopia. ""L. loa"" is one of three parasitic filarial nematodes that cause subcutaneous filariasis in humans. The other two are ""Mansonella streptocerca and Onchocerca volvulus"" (causes river blindness). Maturing larvae and adults of the ""eye worm"" occupy the subcutaneous layer of the

Haole
it is considered to be mildly pejorative. Haole first became associated with the children of European immigrants in the early 1820s. It unified the self-identity of these Hawaii-born children whose parents were as much culturally different as they were similar. With the first three generations of Haole playing key roles in the rise of the economic and political power shifts that have lasted through the current day, ""Haole"" evolved into a term that was often used in contempt especially after the missionaries imposed strict rules prohibiting games, singing, and playing. It evolved further to racial meaning, replacing ""malihini"" (newcomer) in

Lei (surname) Lei is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (""Léi""). Additionally, the very common Chinese surname Li () is sometimes romanized as ""Lei"", particularly among the Macanese. 雷 is also romanized as Lui in Hokkien and Teochew, Lui, Looi, or Loi in Cantonese; Louie or Louis in Taishanese; Lūi in Gan. It is rendered as Lôi in Vietnamese; Roe () or Noe () in Korean; and Rai in Japanese. 雷 is the 79th-most-common surname in mainland China but not included among the 100 most common surnames on Taiwan. In the United States, Lei is an uncommon surname, ranking

"Hlai people"
Hlai people The Li (黎; pinyin: Lí) or Hlai are a Kra–Dai speaking ethnic group, the vast majority of whom live off the southern coast of China on Hainan Island, where they are the largest minority ethnic group. Divided into the five branches of the Qi (Gei), Ha, Run (Zwn), Sai (Tai, Jiamao), and Meifu (Moifau), the Li have their own distinctive culture and customs. They refer to themselves as the Hlai people, but they are sometimes colloquially known as ""Sai"" or ""Say"", and during the Sui Dynasty they were known by the name Liliao. The Li form one of

"Meitei people"
Meitei people The Meitei (also Meetei, Meithei, Manipuri) people are the majority ethnic group of Manipur, a northeastern state of India. ""Meitei"" is an endonym or autonym while ""Manipuri"" is an exonym. They primarily settle in the central plain region of Manipur. A significant population of the Meitei also are settled in domestic neighboring states such as Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura. They have also settled in Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as Salai Taret. Their written history has been documented to 1445 BC. Meitei belong to Mongoloid race. The Meitei people

Epulis
during the third trimester of pregnancy. This epulis most commonly occurs on the gingiva near the front of the mouth between two teeth. When gingival hyperplasia is confined to one area of the jaw, this is when it is termed an epulis fibrosa, caused by an increase in collagenous tissue with varying cellularity. It may be sessile or pedunculated and is composed of fibrosed granulation tissue. Fibrous epulides are firm and rubbery, and pale pink in color. Over time, bone may form within the lesion at which point the term ""peripheral ossifying fibroma"" may be used (in some parts of

"Esophageal achalasia"
There is acute tapering at the lower esophageal sphincter and narrowing at the gastro-esophageal junction, producing a ""bird's beak"" or ""rat's tail"" appearance. The esophagus above the narrowing is often dilated (enlarged) to varying degrees as the esophagus is gradually stretched over time. An air-fluid margin is often seen over the barium column due to the lack of peristalsis. A five-minutes timed barium swallow can provide a useful benchmark to measure the effectiveness of treatment. Because of its sensitivity, manometry (esophageal motility study) is considered the key test for establishing the diagnosis. A catheter (thin tube) is inserted through the

epididymitis. Epididymectomy is the surgical removal of the epididymis sometimes performed for post-vasectomy pain syndrome and for refractory cases of epididymitis. Epididymis The epididymis (; plural: epididymides or ) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system. It is present in all male reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is a single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube in adult humans, in length connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. The epididymis can be divided into three main regions: In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis

"Catamenial pneumothorax"
Catamenial pneumothorax Catamenial pneumothorax is a condition of air leaking into the pleural space (pneumothorax) occurring in conjunction with menstrual periods (""catamenial"" refers to menstruation), believed to be caused primarily by endometriosis of the pleura (the membrane surrounding the lung). Onset of lung collapse is less than 72 hours after menstruation. Typically, it occurs in women aged 30 to 40 years, but it has been diagnosed in young girls as early as 10 years of age and post menopausal women (exclusively in women of menstrual age), most with a history of pelvic endometriosis. Endometrial tissue attaches within the thoracic cavity,

Epididymis The epididymis (; plural: epididymides or ) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system. It is present in all male reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is a single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube in adult humans, in length connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. The epididymis can be divided into three main regions: In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and

Epithalamus
the pineal gland, and the habenular commissure. It is wired with the limbic system and basal ganglia. Species that possess a photoreceptive parapineal organ show asymmetry in the epithalamus at the habenula, to the left (dorsal). Epithalamus The epithalamus is a (dorsal) posterior segment of the diencephalon. The diencephalon is a part of the forebrain that also contains the thalamus, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The epithalamus includes the habenula and their interconnecting fibers, the habenular commissure, the stria medullaris and the pineal gland. The function of the epithalamus is to connect the limbic system to other parts of the

Epithalamus The epithalamus is a (dorsal) posterior segment of the diencephalon. The diencephalon is a part of the forebrain that also contains the thalamus, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The epithalamus includes the habenula and their interconnecting fibers, the habenular commissure, the stria medullaris and the pineal gland. The function of the epithalamus is to connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain. Some functions of its components include the secretion of melatonin and secretion of hormones from pituitary gland by the pineal glandcircadian rhythms), and regulation of motor pathways and emotions. The epithalamus comprises the habenular trigone,

"Perilymphatic duct"
Perilymphatic duct In the anatomy of the human ear, the perilymphatic duct is where the perilymphatic space (vestibule of the ear) is connected to the subarachnoid space. This works as a type of shunt to eliminate excess perilymph fluid from the perilymphatic space around the cochlea of the ear. Perilymph is continuous with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space. CSF pressure abnormalities do not generally have clinical impact on the inner ear which is explained physically by the bore diameter and length of the perilymphatic duct. This duct goes through the skull and is parallel with but not directly

Epididymitis
result in similar symptoms include testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, and testicular cancer. Ultrasound can be useful if the diagnosis is unclear. Epididymitis usually has a gradual onset. Typical findings are redness, warmth and swelling of the scrotum, with tenderness behind the testicle, away from the middle (this is the normal position of the epididymis relative to the testicle). The cremasteric reflex (elevation of the testicle in response to stroking the upper inner thigh) remains normal. This is a useful sign to distinguish it from testicular torsion. If there is pain relieved by elevation of the testicle, this is called Prehn's

"Area postrema"
ependymal cells differ slightly from the majority of ependymal cells (ependymocytes), forming a unicellular epithelium lining of the ventricles and central canal. The area postrema is separated from the vagal triangle by the funiculus separans, a thin semitransparent ridge. The vagal triangle overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus and is situated on the caudal end of the rhomboid fossa or 'floor' of the fourth ventricle. The area postrema is situated just before the obex, the inferior apex of the caudal ventricular floor. Both the funiculus separans and area postrema have a similar thick ependyma-containing tanycyte covering. Ependyma and tanycytes can participate

the U.S. crewed space program—was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the first domed sports stadium. The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012, first in the West Division from 1969 to 1993, followed by the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. The team was reclassified to the American League West from 2013 onward. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series in 2005, losing in four games to the Chicago White Sox. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in

March 31, 2013, where they were victorious over their in-state division competitor, the Texas Rangers, with a score of 8–2. On September 29, the Astros completed their first year in the American League, losing 5–1 in a 14-inning game to the New York Yankees. The Astros finished the season with a 51–111 record (a franchise worst) with a season ending 15-game losing streak, again surpassing their worst record from the previous season. The team finished 45 games behind the division winner Oakland Athletics, further adding to their futility. This marked three consecutive years that the Astros had lost more than

Kile died as an active player with the St. Louis Cardinals. In addition, the Astros have not issued the number 17 since Lance Berkman was traded in 2010. The number 42 is retired by Major League Baseball in honor of Jackie Robinson. The Astros have held their spring training at FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches in West Palm Beach, Florida since 2017. They share the stadium with the Washington Nationals. From 1985 to 2016, the Astros held spring training at Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida. <nowiki>*</nowiki>In December 2016, the Astros agreed to a 30-year deal to field a

Astros entered the All-Star Break with an American League-best 60–29 record and a 16-game lead in the division, although the overall best record in MLB had just barely slipped to the Dodgers shortly before the All-Star Break by just one game. With Hurricane Harvey causing massive flooding throughout Houston and southeast Texas, the Astros' three-game series against the Texas Rangers for August 29–31, was relocated to Tropicana Field (home of the Tampa Bay Rays), in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Astros greatly improved against the Rangers in 2017, going 12–7 against them and winning the season series. At the August 31

capping off a historic season in which he accumulated 200 hits for the fourth consecutive season, led the majors with a .346 BA, and was the unquestioned clubhouse leader of the World Series champions. On September 26, 2018, a victory by the Seattle Mariners over the Oakland A's sealed a repeat of the Astros as AL West division champs. For the third time in franchise history, the team won over 100 games. On September 29, they swept a doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles to set a new franchise record of 103 wins. They finished the regular season 103-59, and faced

division rival (and eventual division winner) Texas Rangers. The Astros finished the 2016 season eleven games behind the Rangers. In 2014, ""Sports Illustrated"" predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series through their strategic rebuilding process. As of June 9, the Astros were 41–16, which gave them a 13.5-game lead over the rest of their division, and they had comfortable possession of the best record in the entire league. This was the best start in the Astros' 55-year history. As the games of June 23 concluded, the Astros had an 11.5-game lead over the rest of the division. The

American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history. The city of Houston celebrated the team's accomplishment with a parade on the afternoon of November 3, 2017. Houston's Independent School District gave the students and teachers the day off to watch the parade. On November 16, 2017 José Altuve was named the American League Most Valuable Player,

the first team in Major League history to win three different divisions: National League West in 1980 and 1986, National League Central from 1997 to 1999 and 2001, and American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins, the first being in 1998. They finished 101–61, with a 21-game lead in the division, and faced the Red Sox in the first round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the

"Melanie Moore"
Melanie Moore Melanie Moore (born September 17, 1991) is an American actress and professional dancer best known as the winner of the eighth season of the U.S. reality television competition ""So You Think You Can Dance"". According to the results announced on the broadcast, Moore won ""overwhelmingly"", garnering 47% of the vote in a four-way final tally. Moore was educated in Marietta, Georgia, where she attended Lassiter High School and was crowned homecoming queen. At the time of the competition, she was a 19-year-old college freshman attending Fordham University at Lincoln Center in New York City. Moore trained and competed

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 3)"
contestants embarked on a live tour of the United States. Due to the success of the previous tour, this season's engagement was extended to 10 weeks and visited 50 cities. Tickets went on sale 11 August. On the season finale, Hokuto ""Hok"" Konishi, Shauna Noland, Anya Garnis, and Jesús Solorio were named as alternate performers in the event of injury to any of the top 10. Noland, Garnis, and Jaimie Goodwin had been replacing Lacey Schwimmer in some of her tour routines because of an injury to her meniscus. Australia is currently the only country outside of the United States

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)"
for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale (the scores for the cha-cha-cha Relay dance are not included). The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Elisabetta Canalis, Kristin Cavallari, and Carson Kressley did not land on the list. According to the traditional 30-point scale: ""Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli."" Each couple dances to a song that came out in the 1980s. The celebrities and professional partners

"So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (U.S. TV series)"
Angeles, CA, Chicago, IL and New York City. 100 dancers were selected by the judges for the Dance Academy portion of the season, in which 10 finalists were selected by, and paired with, ""all-stars"" from previous seasons, who mentored and performed with them during the live performance episodes. Series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe, along with new permanent members Paula Abdul and Jason Derulo, returned as members of the permanent judging panel and judge the audition rounds. After this, the fourth judge, dancer Maddie Ziegler, who was then 13 years old, joined the show. Season 13 featured a significant

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 14)"
So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 14) So You Think You Can Dance, an American dance competition show, returned for its fourteenth season on Monday, June 12, 2017. The new season's judge panel once again features series creator Nigel Lythgoe (who also serves as executive producer), as well as the return of ballroom expert Mary Murphy, along with new permanent member Vanessa Hudgens joining the panel of judges, while Cat Deeley continues in her role as host for a thirteenth consecutive season. Open auditions for season 14 were held in two cities beginning in March 2017. The season

in the role. She played the role of Chava in the 2015 Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof until the show closed on December 31, 2016. She can currently be seen in the 2017 Broadway revival of Hello Dolly! as Ermengarde. Melanie Moore Melanie Moore (born September 17, 1991) is an American actress and professional dancer best known as the winner of the eighth season of the U.S. reality television competition ""So You Think You Can Dance"". According to the results announced on the broadcast, Moore won ""overwhelmingly"", garnering 47% of the vote in a four-way final tally. Moore

"Strictly Come Dancing (series 13)"
on 19 December. McGuiness became the first celebrity since Louis Smith in series 10 to win the show without falling into the bottom two dance-off during the series, as well being the first since Kara Tointon in series 8 to win without achieving a perfect 40 score during the competition. Vilani also became the first professional in the show's history to win the show for a second time, after previously winning with Harry Judd in series 9. This series also saw long standing professional Anton du Beke reach the final for the first time, with Katie Derham, and Kevin Clifton

Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13) Season thirteen of ""Dancing with the Stars"" premiered on September 19, 2011. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as the judges, and Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts. Twelve couples competed in this season. Starting this season, Alan Dedicoat, the announcer, introduces Harold Wheeler and his band after the introduction of the remaining competitors. Actor J.R. Martinez won the competition with over 9 million votes. Rob Kardashian and Ricki Lake took second and third places, respectively. Nine professional partners—Derek Hough, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Cheryl Burke, Tony Dovolani, Mark

"As Time Goes By (TV series)"
the series. Other notable characters include Lionel's irrepressible father Rocky (Frank Middlemass), whose favourite saying is ""Rock On"" and who owns a large country house in Hampshire which he later gives to Lionel; the housekeeper, Mrs. Bale (Janet Henfrey), who has an unusual interest in the Shipping Forecast and gives exact times that meals are ready, and the gardener, Lol Ferris (Tim Wylton), who says Jean is a ""tender woman"". In an early series of the show, Lionel received news from Rocky's physician that his father was dying and had less than a year to live, but this plotline was

the role of Jean (which was written with her in mind) due to her reluctance to uproot her life—specifically mentioning her dogs, garden, and family—in California. Second Lieutenant Lionel Hardcastle (Geoffrey Palmer) and Middlesex Hospital nurse Jean Pargetter (Judi Dench) met in the summer of 1953 and fell head over heels in love, calling her ""Pooh"", but then Lionel was posted to Korea. He wrote, but Jean didn't receive his letter. Because of this mix-up, each assumed the other had lost interest. After his war service Lionel emigrated to Kenya, became a coffee planter, and married Margaret, whom he later

Ireland repeatedly. It has been broadcast by Gold for viewers in the UK and Ireland as of 2010, and by UKTV in Australia as of 2011. ""As Time Goes By"" was adapted and recorded for radio. Three series were broadcast on BBC Radio 2 between 1997 and 1999. The first episode included a flashback to Jean and Lionel 38 years before, something that never happened on television. All episodes correspond to a TV episode and featured the original cast, apart from Jon Glover substituting for Bretherton in episodes 1-5 of Series One. So far, only the first series has been

Fraser), the neurotic sister of Jean's late first husband, who calls Jean ""poor Jean"", and Penny's well-meaning but dull dentist husband, Stephen (Paul Chapman), who once accidentally declined an OBE. The programme ran for nine series, from 12 January 1992 to 4 August 2002. Nearly every episode was thirty minutes long. The final series episode was followed by an hour-long compilation show on 11 August 2002, and by a two part ""Reunion Special"" broadcast on 26 and 30 December 2005. The reunion specials were the last appearance of Frank Middlemass, who played Rocky, before his death in 2006. Actress Joan

"Damon Evans (actor)"
and Bess"", and again in the 1993 television adaptation of that production. In addition to Evans and other noted performers, this British production of Gershwin's 'American folk opera' featured the Glyndebourne Chorus and the London Philharmonic, both conducted by Sir Simon Rattle. Evans played Sportin' Life, a role originated by John W. Bubbles and originally written for famed 1920s and 1930s jazz bandleader and singer Cab Calloway. Damon Evans (actor) Damon Evans (born November 24, 1949) is an American actor, born in Baltimore, Maryland, best known as the second of two actors who portrayed Lionel Jefferson on the CBS sitcom

divorced due to ""mutual boredom"". Some time after his divorce he returned to England. Meanwhile, Jean had also married and bore one child, Judith (Moira Brooker). After her husband's death, Jean opened Type for You, a secretarial agency. Her daughter Judith, 35 years old during the series, is twice divorced (from Ken, who had ""sad eyes"", and Edward, who was ""very clever"") and, during most of the series, lives with her mother and also works at the secretarial agency. Lionel, now writing his memoir, hires a typist through Type for You, unaware that Jean owns the agency. He and Jean

dropped and Rocky continued to appear throughout the show's later series, including the final ""Reunion Special"" in 2005. Rocky marries Madge (Joan Sims), as much a character as Rocky is, when he is 85 and she is 78. They travel the world, are country and western music fans, tool about in Madge's classic Cadillac convertible (with steer horns on the grille), and hang out at the local pub, where Madge sings. In series nine, Madge is mentioned as being on an archaeological dig in Egypt; in reality Joan Sims died before filming began. Also appearing many times are Penny (Moyra

first meet again when Lionel picks up Judith for a dinner date. Although Lionel and Jean's reunion is full of missteps and miscues, their romance gradually rekindles. In the third series, Lionel moves into Jean's house in Holland Park, London; they marry during the fourth series. In the first series Judith develops a crush on Lionel while Lionel's publisher, Alistair Deacon (Philip Bretherton), takes a similar interest in Jean and likes to call her ""Lovely Lady"". Both crushes are brief; eventually Judith and Alistair fall for each other and, in the final series, marry. Other story arcs feature Lionel being

"Geoffrey Palmer (actor)"
Geoffrey Palmer (actor) Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in ""The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin"" (1976–79), Ben Parkinson in ""Butterflies"" (1978–83) and Lionel Hardcastle in ""As Time Goes By"" (1992–2005). His film appearances include ""A Fish Called Wanda"" (1988), ""The Madness of King George"" (1994), ""Mrs. Brown"" (1997), and ""Tomorrow Never Dies"" (1997). Palmer's early television appearances included a variety of roles in Granada Television's ""The Army Game"", two episodes of ""The Baron"" and as a property agent in ""Cathy Come Home"".

Damon Evans (actor) Damon Evans (born November 24, 1949) is an American actor, born in Baltimore, Maryland, best known as the second of two actors who portrayed Lionel Jefferson on the CBS sitcom ""The Jeffersons"". He also portrayed the young Alex Haley (ages 17–25) in the ABC television miniseries """". Evans attended the Interlochen Academy on a Reader's Digest Scholarship. After graduation, he attended the Boston Conservatory of Music. While in Boston he appeared in productions of ""Two If by Sea"", ""Hair"", and ""The Corner"" at the Theatre Company of Boston. His Off-Broadway credits include performances in ""A Day in

"France in the Seven Years' War"
failed, while Lally's force was unable to prevent the eventual British capture of Pondicherry and a comprehensive British victory in India. In the wake of Britain's domination of India, they were able to launch an expedition from Madras to the Philippines which captured Manila from France's ally Spain - further weakening the Bourbon position in Asia. The Mughals led by Shah Alam II were joined by Jean Law and 200 Frenchmen and waged a campaign against the British during the Seven Years' War. In April 1758 a British expedition conceived by the merchant Thomas Cumming and authorised by Pitt captured

Years' War nearly doubled Great Britain's national debt. The Crown sought sources of revenue to pay it off and attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to enforce the Crown's authority. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. France attached comparatively little value to its American possessions, apart from the highly profitable sugar-producing Antilles islands which it retained. Minister Choiseul considered that he had made a good deal at the Treaty of Paris, and Voltaire wrote that Louis XV had lost

Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south. The British resettled many Acadians throughout its American provinces, but many went to France and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French. Some were sent to colonize places as diverse as French Guiana and the Falkland Islands, but these efforts were unsuccessful. Others migrated to places such as Saint-Domingue or fled to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution. The Louisiana population contributed to the founding of the modern Cajun population. (The French word ""Acadien"" changed to ""Cadien"" then to ""Cajun"".) Following the treaty, King George III

responded with claims and demands of their own. In 1754, George Washington sparked the beginning of the war with an attack on a French scouting party near present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When they learned that the British were planning to send regular army troops to the area for the 1755 campaign, the French sent a large body of troops to New France before the British could blockade their ports. These troops, combined with a strong alliances with native tribes and poor British military administration, gave France a string of victories from 1755 to 1757; its only significant loss was Acadia, whose

on Niagara. Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor the Marquis de Vaudreuil. He had been concerned about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio, and he had sent Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac against Shirley's expected attack. Vaudreuil saw Johnson as the larger threat and sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat. Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at Fort Edward at the upper end of navigation on the Hudson River, but Johnson had strongly fortified it, and Dieskau's Indian support was

million pounds under the veil of the French company ""Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie"". The aid given by France, much of which passed through the neutral Dutch West Indies port of Sint Eustatius, contributed to George Washington's survival against the British onslaught in 1776 and 1777. The aid was also a major factor in the defeat of General Burgoyne's expedition in the Champlain corridor that ended in a British disaster at Saratoga. French ports accommodated American ships, including privateers and Continental Navy warships, that acted against British merchant ships. France provided significant economic aid, either as donations or loans, and also

small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, along with fishing rights in the area. They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent. French philosopher Voltaire referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than a few acres of snow. The British, however, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue; they also had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain traded Florida to Britain in order to regain Cuba, but they also

"Treaty of Versailles"
the war. Furthermore, German negotiators were excluded to deny them an opportunity to divide the Allies diplomatically. Initially, a ""Council of Ten"" (comprising two delegates each from Britain, France, the United States, Italy, and Japan) met officially to decide the peace terms. This council was replaced by the ""Council of Five"", formed from each countries foreign ministers, to discuss minor matters. Prime Minister of France Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of Italy Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Lloyd George, and President of the United States Woodrow Wilson formed the ""Big Four"" (at one point becoming the

a passionate speech before the National Assembly on 21 March 1919, he called the treaty a ""murderous plan"" and exclaimed, After Scheidemann′s resignation, a new coalition government was formed under Gustav Bauer. President Friedrich Ebert knew that Germany was in an impossible situation. Although he shared his countrymen's disgust with the treaty, he was sober enough to consider the possibility that the government would not be in a position to reject it. He believed that if Germany refused to sign the treaty, the Allies would invade Germany from the west—and there was no guarantee that the army would be able

Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently. The result of these competing and sometimes conflicting goals among the victors was a compromise that left no one content: Germany was neither pacified nor conciliated, nor was it permanently weakened. The problems that arose from the treaty would lead to the Locarno Treaties, which improved relations between Germany and the other European powers, and the re-negotiation of the reparation system resulting in the Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, and the indefinite postponement of reparations at the Lausanne Conference of 1932. Although it is often referred to as the

sinking of the RMS ""Lusitania"" and the loss of 128 American lives; and the interception of the German Zimmerman Telegram, urging for Mexico to declare war against the United States. The American war aim was to detach the war from nationalistic disputes and ambitions after the Bolshevik disclosure of secret treaties between the Allies. The existence of these treaties tended to discredit Allied claims that Germany was the sole power with aggressive ambitions. On 8 January 1918, United States President Woodrow Wilson issued a statement that became known as the Fourteen Points. This speech outlined a policy of free trade,

"Gustav Stresemann"
Gustav Stresemann Gustav Ernst Stresemann (; 10 May 1878 – 3 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor in 1923 (for a brief period of 102 days) and Foreign Minister 1923–1929, during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926. His most notable achievement was the reconciliation between Germany and France, for which he and Aristide Briand received the Nobel Peace Prize. During a period of political instability and fragile, short-lived governments, he was generally seen as the most influential cabinet member in most of the Weimar Republic's existence. During his political

and contributed to a risk of political defeat at home. In June 1919, the Allies declared that war would resume if the German government did not sign the treaty they had agreed to among themselves. The government headed by Philipp Scheidemann was unable to agree on a common position, and Scheidemann himself resigned rather than agree to sign the treaty. Gustav Bauer, the head of the new government, sent a telegram stating his intention to sign the treaty if certain articles were withdrawn, including Articles 227, 230 and 231. In response, the Allies issued an ultimatum stating that Germany would

which had secretly negotiated with the Japanese in order to secure loans to fund their military campaigns again the south. On 29 April, the German delegation under the leadership of the Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau arrived in Versailles. On 7 May, when faced with the conditions dictated by the victors, including the so-called ""War Guilt Clause"", von Brockdorff-Rantzau replied to Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George: ""We know the full brunt of hate that confronts us here. You demand from us to confess we were the only guilty party of war; such a confession in my mouth would be

"Joachim von Ribbentrop"
1939 was the crowning achievement of Ribbentrop's career. Ribbentrop flew to Moscow, where, over the course of a thirteen-hour visit, Ribbentrop signed both the Non-Aggression Pact and the secret protocols, which partitioned much of eastern Europe between the Soviets and the Germans. Ribbentrop had only expected to see the Soviet Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov and was most surprised to be holding talks with Joseph Stalin himself. During his trip to Moscow, Ribbentrop's talks with Stalin and Molotov proceed very cordially and efficiently with the exception of the question of Latvia, which Hitler had instructed Ribbentrop to try to claim for

"Paris Peace Conference, 1919"
better reflect ethnic boundaries. The main result was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, which in section 231 laid the guilt for the war on ""the aggression of Germany and her allies"". This provision proved humiliating for Germany and set the stage for the expensive reparations Germany was intended to pay (it paid only a small portion before reparations ended in 1931). The five major powers (France, Britain, Italy, Japan and the United States) controlled the Conference. And the ""Big Four"" were the Prime Minister of France, Georges Clemenceau; the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Lloyd George; the

to make a stand in the event of an invasion. With this in mind, he asked Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg if the army was capable of any meaningful resistance in the event the Allies resumed the war. If there was even the slightest chance that the army could hold out, Ebert intended to recommend against ratifying the treaty. Hindenburg—after prodding from his chief of staff, Wilhelm Groener—concluded the army could not resume the war even on a limited scale. However, rather than inform Ebert himself, he had Groener inform the government that the army would be in an untenable

"Daren Kagasoff"
Daren Kagasoff Daren Maxwell Kagasoff ""[KA-guh-sawf]"" (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"" from 2008 to 2013. Kagasoff was born in Encino, California to Elise Kagasoff (née Levy) and Barry Kagasoff, a diamond merchant. He is the middle of three children; he has an older brother, Justin, and a younger sister, Natalie. Kagasoff graduated from Montclair Preparatory High School in 2005 where he played on his school's baseball team. While attending school at San Francisco State University,

"Jeremy Iversen"
Jeremy Iversen Jeremy Watt Iversen is an American actor, author, and speaker from Manhattan, New York. He is known for his acting project of attending a California high school undercover pretending to be a teenager, about which experience he wrote the bestselling nonfiction book ""High School Confidential."" Aside from acting and writing, he speaks to audiences ranging from corporate executives to teenage students about youth and the Millennial Generation. As a child, Iversen attended the elite boarding school Phillips Exeter Academy, attaining ""cum laude"" with highest honors, and went on to gain dual degrees in international relations and political science

Kagasoff decided to become an actor. After deciding to return to Los Angeles, Kagasoff landed the lead role in a local theater production of ""Suburbia,"" a play that the eponymous 1996 film was based upon. After studying acting, he began auditioning for television and film roles. During one of his first auditions, he impressed producer Brenda Hampton so much that she hand-picked him to star as Ricky Underwood in the ABC Family series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager."" The show ran for five seasons. It was announced on February 24, 2013 that Kagasoff had been cast as Alex

"Francia Raisa"
Francia Raisa Francia Raisa Almendarez (born July 26, 1988) is an American actress. Raisa is known for her roles in """", ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"" and ""Grown-ish"". Raisa was born and raised in Los Angeles, California to mother Virginia Almendárez (née Pelayo) and father Renán Almendárez Coello, an American radio personality. She is of Mexican and Honduran descent. She has two younger sisters. A few years after Raisa was born, her father started using his new Latin radio personality, ""El Cucuy"". Raisa attended Bishop Alemany High School in Mission Hills, California, where she was a cheerleader. Raisa

"Ricky Schroder"
former employees of AT&T. Schroder's mother quit her job to raise him and his sister Dawn, taking him to photo shoots when he was only three months old. As a child, Schroder appeared in many catalogs, and by age six, he had appeared in 60 advertisements. Schroder made his film debut as the son of Jon Voight's character in ""The Champ"", a 1979 remake of the 1931 film of the same name. He was nominated for, and subsequently won, a Golden Globe award in 1980 for Best New Male Star of the Year in a Motion Picture. Following his role

"Jared Leto filmography"
Jared Leto filmography Jared Leto is an American entertainer with an extensive career in film, music, and television. He made his debut with minor roles in the television shows ""Camp Wilder"" (1992) and ""Almost Home"" (1993). He achieved recognition in 1994 for his role as Jordan Catalano in the teen drama television series ""My So-Called Life"". The show was praised for its portrayal of adolescence and gained a cult following, despite being canceled after only one season. The same year, he made his television film debut starring alongside Alicia Silverstone in ""Cool and the Crazy"". Leto's first film role was

"Brando Eaton"
Brando Eaton Brando Matthew Eaton (born July 17, 1986) is an American film and television actor. He may be best known for his roles in ""Dexter"", ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"", and ""Zoey 101"". Brando Matthew Eaton was born on July 17, 1986 in Los Angeles, California where he was raised as an only child by his single mother. He started doing plays at the age of 5, and continued until his later high school years. When graduating High School at the age of 17, he decided to finally start pursuing his passion as a career. Brando left

"Jonathan Tiersten"
called the album ""surprising"" and ""simply amazing"", rating it 4 out of 4 stars. In 2012 and 2013 Tiersten garnered three best actor awards and was nominated for a fourth for his portrayal of John Doesy in ""The Perfect House"". Tiersten also recorded a version of the (Grammy Hall of Fame) Mickey & Sylvia song ""Love Is Strange"" for the remake of Ed Wood's ""Plan 9 from Outer Space"" called ""Plan 9"", starring Brian Krause (""Charmed""). Jonathan Tiersten Jonathan Tiersten (born August 11, 1965) is an American actor and singer, who is mostly known for his role as Ricky Thomas

"Ricky Ricardo Jr."
Ricky Ricardo Jr. Enrique Alberto Ricardo IV, ""Little Ricky,"" is a fictional character from the American television series ""I Love Lucy"" (1951–57, with Ricky Jr. becoming a part of the show as of his birth in 1953) and ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"" (1957–60). Little Ricky was played by a number of actors, including James John Ganzer, twins Richard and Ronald Lee Simmons, twins Michael and Joseph Mayer and, most notably, Keith Thibodeaux, billed as Little Ricky. Although the ""I Love Lucy"" announcer and the opening credits of ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"" gave his stage name as ""Little Ricky"", in his

"Substitute good"
Substitute good A substitute good is a good that can be used in place of another. In consumer theory, substitute goods or substitutes are products that a consumer perceives as similar or comparable, so that having more of one product makes them desire less of the other product. Formally, ""X"" and ""Y"" are substitutes if, when the price of ""X"" rises, the demand for ""Y"" rises. Potatoes from different farms are an example: if the price of one farm's potatoes goes up, then it can be presumed that fewer people will buy potatoes from that farm and source them from

"Public good"
(""non-rivalry"" and ""non-excludability"") only to a certain extent or only some of the time. These goods are known as ""impure public goods"". The opposite of a public good is a ""private good"", which does not possess these properties. A loaf of bread, for example, is a private good; its owner can exclude others from using it, and once it has been consumed, it cannot be used again. A good that is rivalrous but ""non-excludable"" is sometimes called a ""common-pool resource"". Such goods raise similar issues to public goods: the mirror to the ""public goods problem"" for this case is the

Good
many sects, some of which embraced an extreme dualistic belief that the material world should be shunned and the spiritual world should be embraced. Gnostic ideas influenced many ancient religions which teach that ""gnosis"" (variously interpreted as enlightenment, salvation, emancipation or 'oneness with God') may be reached by practising philanthropy to the point of personal poverty, sexual abstinence (as far as possible for ""hearers"", total for ""initiates"") and diligently searching for wisdom by helping others. This development from the relative or habitual to the absolute is also evident in the terms ""ethics"" and ""morality"" both being derived from terms for

be consumed with that game. A classic example of mutually perfect complements is the case of pencils and erasers. Imagine an accountant who will need to prepare financial statements, but in doing so must use pencils to make all calculations and erasers to correct errors. The accountant knows that for every three pencils, one eraser will be needed. Any more pencils will serve no purpose, because they will not be able to erase the calculations. Any more erasers will not be useful either, because there will not be enough pencils for them to make a large enough mess with in

"Merit good"
be in a better position to determine what individuals need (such arguments are often criticised for being paternalistic, often by those who would like to reduce to a minimum economic activity by government). Sometimes, merit and demerit goods are simply seen as an extension of the idea of externalities. A merit good may be described as a good that has positive externalities associated with it. Thus, an inoculation against a contagious disease may be seen as a merit good. This is because others who may not now catch the disease from the inoculated person also benefit. However, merit and demerit

"Intangible good"
a service is an activity or labor. So a haircut is a service, not an intangible good. An intangible good is just a good that is intangible, i.e. incapable of being touched. A good is any of the following: (A) In pure economics, a good is any object or service that increases utility, directly or indirectly. According to this definition A, intangible goods include services. (B) In macroeconomics and accounting, a good is contrasted with a service. A good is defined as an object whose consumption increases the utility of the consumer, for which the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity

Good
Good In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be or should be preferred when posed with a choice between a set of possible actions. Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil. The concept is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy, and the specific meaning and etiology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages has varied substantially in its inflected meaning depending on circumstances of place, history, religious context, or philosophical context. Every language has a word expressing ""good"" in

"Superior good"
Superior good Superior goods or luxury goods make up a larger ""proportion"" of consumption as income rises, and therefore are a type of normal goods in consumer theory. Such a good must possess two economic characteristics: it must be scarce, and, along with that, it must have a high price. The scarcity of the good can be natural or artificial; however, the general population (i.e., consumers) must recognize the good as distinguishably ""better"". Possession of such a good usually signifies ""superiority"" in resources, and usually is accompanied by prestige. The prestige-value of some superior goods is so high that a

"Common good"
equality, and citizenship: according to some, for instance, universal principles carry greater weight than specific injunctions of the Qur’an, and in case of conflict, can even supersede or suspend explicit textual injunctions (""naṣṣ"") if this serves the common good. In economics, the terms “public good” and “common good” have technical definitions. A public good is a good that is non-rivalrous and non-excludable. A common good is simply non-excludable. A simple typology illustrates the differences between various kinds of goods: The field of welfare economics studies social well-being. The approach begins with the specification of a social welfare function. The choice

"Sinéad O'Connor"
Shaykh Dr Umar Al-Qadri. She also changed her name to Shuhada' Davitt. In a message on Twitter, she thanked fellow Muslims for their support and uploaded a video of herself singing the adhan, the Islamic call to prayer. She also posted photos of herself wearing a hijab. In January 2017, O'Connor sold her Irish home after accumulating tax arrears. In 2017, she changed her legal name to Magda Davitt, saying in an interview that she wished to be ""free of the patriarchal slave names. Free of the parental curses.” On her conversion to Islam in October 2018, she adopted the

Joseph, Eimear, John, and Eoin. Her parents are Sean O'Connor, a structural engineer later turned barrister and chairperson of the Divorce Action Group, and Marie O'Connor. In 1979 O'Connor left her mother and went to live with her father and his new wife. At the age of 15, her shoplifting and truancy led to her being placed for eighteen months in a Magdalene Asylum, the Grianán Training Centre run by the Order of Our Lady of Charity. In some ways, she thrived there, especially in the development of her writing and music, but she also chafed under the imposed conformity.

"Thalatta (Thames barge)"
Phillips Design Roman mosaics also depict her as a woman rising from the sea, with crab-claw like horns, clothed in seaweed and holding a ship's oar. In the earlier Attic or Athenian form of the language the word would be spelt Thalatta. Attic began to give way generally to Ionian following the writing reforms carried out in Athens in 403 BC. How McLearon’s came to name their barge Thalatta is another story. The most likely explanation is that the square rigged ship Thalatta of Liverpool had been lying in the Harwich harbour for some time and that this had inspired

first husband, music producer John Reynolds, who co-produced several of her albums, including ""Universal Mother"". Reynolds and O'Connor married in 1987. Soon after the birth of her daughter Roisin in 1995, O'Connor and the girl's father, Irish journalist John Waters, began a long custody battle that ended with O'Connor agreeing to let Roisin live in Dublin with Waters. In mid-2001, O'Connor wed British journalist Nick Sommerlad; the marriage ended in 2004. She had her third child, son Shane, in 2004 with musician Donal Lunny. In 2006 she had her fourth child, Yeshua Francis Neil Bonadio, whose father is Frank Bonadio.

Megan
Megan Megan (also spelled Meghan, Meagan, Megyn, Meaghan etc.) is a Welsh female given name, originally a pet form of ""Meg"" or ""Meggie"", which is itself a short form of Margaret. Megan is one of the most popular Welsh names in Wales and England; it is commonly truncated to Meg. Nowadays, it is generally used as an independent name rather than as a nickname. Megan was one of the most popular girls' names in the English-speaking world in the 1990s, peaking in 1990 in the United States and 1999 in the United Kingdom. Approximately 54 percent of people named Megan

Niamh
Niamh Niamh or Niambh (, from Old Irish ""Niaṁ"") is an Irish feminine given name (meaning ""bright"" or ""radiant""), anglicised as Neve, Nieve, or Neave . In Irish mythology, Niamh is the daughter of the god of the sea, Manannán mac Lir and one of the queens of Tír na nÓg, the land of eternal youth. She was the lover of the poet-hero Oisín. The first recorded use of Niamh (that spelling) as a given name in modern Ireland was in 1911, when two children were registered with the name. ""Neave"" (variants ""Neeve, Neve, Neaf, Niave, Neaves, Neeves, Niaves"") is

Megan
born in the US were born in 1990 or later. Megan Megan (also spelled Meghan, Meagan, Megyn, Meaghan etc.) is a Welsh female given name, originally a pet form of ""Meg"" or ""Meggie"", which is itself a short form of Margaret. Megan is one of the most popular Welsh names in Wales and England; it is commonly truncated to Meg. Nowadays, it is generally used as an independent name rather than as a nickname. Megan was one of the most popular girls' names in the English-speaking world in the 1990s, peaking in 1990 in the United States and 1999 in

"Braden (given name)"
from an Irish Gaelic word meaning ""salmon"". The ""bradán feasa"" is the Salmon of Wisdom in an Irish legend about Fionn MacCool. The name has many alternate spellings, including: Braden, Bradan, Bradin, Bradun, Bradyn, Braedan, Braeden, Braedin, Braedon, Braedyn, Braidan, Braiden, Braidon, Braidun, Braidyn, Braydan, Brayden, Braydin, Braydon, Braydyn, Bradiss or Bradn (with an implied second syllable but no second vowel). Some spellings have two ds (i.e., Bradden), but maintain the same pronunciation. It is in use for both boys and girls, but is more common for boys. Its popularity is reflected in the popularity of similar-sounding names such as

abuse. In addition to her ten solo albums, her work includes many singles, songs for films, collaborations with many other artists, and appearances at charity fundraising concerts. In 2017, O'Connor said that she had changed her legal name to Magda Davitt. On converting to Islam in 2018, she changed it again to Shuhada' Davitt. O'Connor was born in Glenageary in County Dublin and was named after Sinéad de Valera, wife of Irish President Éamon de Valera and mother of the doctor presiding over the delivery, and Saint Bernadette of Lourdes. She is the third of five children, sister to novelist

"Sinbad (dog)"
""Famous-class"" medium endurance cutter , successor to the preceding ""Campbell"". Lacking any oversized washers, or a large engine room crew Foley dubbed ""the black gang"" in reference to the soot and oil of their jobs to provide one, the statue instead balances a rawhide bone. The public affairs officer for ""Campbell"", Ensign John Jeffares, wrote in 2011 in reference to their statue deemed in part to protect the ship vis-à-vis the belief attributed to Captain Hirschfield that ""here on board we have our own special tradition. Sinbad's statue as well as his bone (as seen pictured on his nose) is

(VAR) were also authorised for use at matches played at Premier League club grounds. All 92 clubs in the Premier League and English Football League entered the season's EFL Cup. Access was distributed across leagues. In the first round, the draw was regionalised into northern and southern clubs with 22 Championship clubs and all League One and League Two clubs entering in this round. The following round, the two remaining Championship clubs Swansea City and Stoke City (who finished 18th and 19th respectively in the 2017–18 Premier League season), and the Premier League clubs not involved in either the Champions

"EFL Cup"
tournament is played over seven rounds, with single leg ties throughout, except the semi-finals. The final is held at Wembley Stadium; it is the only tie in the competition played at a neutral venue and on a weekend (Sunday). Entrants are seeded in the early rounds, and a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds, and to defer the entry of teams still involved in Europe. Winners receive the EFL Cup, of which there have been three designs, the current one also being the original. Winners also qualify for European football, receiving

became the first referee in English football to watch a video recording at the sideline in the fourth round tie between Liverpool and West Bromwich Albion on 27 January 2018. After delaying the match for nearly three minutes he awarded a penalty to Liverpool. Premier League side Arsenal were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Nottingham Forest in the third round on 7 January 2018.. All of the competing teams that are not members of either the Premier League or English Football League had to compete in the qualifying rounds to secure one of 32 available places in

"2018 EFL Cup Final"
League. The match was Manchester City's sixth League Cup Final, and their third in five seasons – qualification for the final also marked the first time Pep Guardiola reached a final with Manchester City. For Arsenal, the final was their eighth total in the competition, and their third of Arsène Wenger's managerial reign. The EFL Cup is a cup competition open to clubs in the Premier League and English Football League. It is played on a knockout basis, with the exception of the semi-finals, which are contested over a two-legged tie. Manchester City, a Premier League club involved in the

2018 at Wembley Stadium. There were a number of errors in the draw for the first round. Many fans experienced problems with the sound on the live stream from Thailand, therefore relying on the graphics. However, there were also a number of errors with the graphics: Charlton Athletic were shown to be drawn in two ties, while a number of other teams including AFC Wimbledon, Brentford, Swindon Town, Norwich City, Forest Green Rovers, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Yeovil Town were all shown to have been given wrong draws. The English Football League later issued a statement apologising for the errors that

"FA Cup"
qualified. The FA Cup winners also qualify for the following season's single-match FA Community Shield, the traditional season opener played against the previous season's Premier League champions (or the Premier League runners-up if the FA Cup winners also won the league – the double). Fixtures in the 12 rounds of the competition are usually played at the home ground of one of the two teams. The semi-finals and final are played at a neutral venue – the rebuilt Wembley Stadium (since 2008 and 2007 respectively). In the matches for the twelve competition rounds, the team who plays at home is

"FA Cup"
English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria. All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible. Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season. Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium. It is very

fourth official was Lee Mason of Lancashire, and the fifth official was Constantine Hatzidakis from Kent. For the first time in the final, there was a Video Assistant Referee (VAR), Neil Swarbrick of Lancashire. His assistant was Mick McDonough, also of Northumberland. After 21 minutes, Chelsea's Eden Hazard entered Manchester United's penalty area, where he was fouled by their defender Phil Jones with a sliding tackle. Hazard took the penalty kick himself, sending it low to the right past United goalkeeper David de Gea for the only goal of the game. In the second half, Manchester United had more opportunities,

"Musical theatre"
a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is less time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length, since a musical usually devotes more time to music than to dialogue. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters and the plot. The material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels (""Wicked"" and ""Man of La Mancha""), plays (""Hello, Dolly!""), classic legends (""Camelot""), historical events (""Evita"") or films (""The Producers"" and ""Billy Elliot""). On the other hand, many successful musical theatre works have

been adapted for musical films, such as ""West Side Story"", ""My Fair Lady"", ""The Sound of Music"", ""Oliver!"" and ""Chicago"". Musical theatre is closely related to the theatrical form of opera, but the two are usually distinguished by weighing a number of factors. First, musicals generally have a greater focus on spoken dialogue. This is not a hard and fast rule; some musicals are entirely accompanied and sung through, while some operas, such as ""Die Zauberflöte"", and most operettas, have some unaccompanied dialogue. Second, musicals also usually include more dancing as an essential part of the storytelling, particularly by the

script of a musical refers to the story, character development and dramatic structure, including the spoken dialogue and stage directions, but it can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to as the ""libretto"" (Italian for ""little book""). The music and lyrics together form the ""score"" of a musical and include songs, incidental music and musical scenes, which are ""theatrical sequence[s] set to music, often combining song with spoken dialogue."" The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its creative team, which includes a director, a musical director, usually a choreographer and sometimes an

musically related. Spoken dialogue is generally interspersed between musical numbers, although ""sung dialogue"" or recitative may be used, especially in so-called ""sung-through"" musicals such as ""Jesus Christ Superstar"", ""Les Misérables"", ""Evita"" and ""Hamilton"". Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in the West End have been presented in one act in recent decades. Moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, ""when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing; when it becomes too strong for song, you dance."" In a book musical, a song is ideally crafted to suit the character (or

Musical theatre Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. Although music has

in two acts, with one short intermission, and the first act is frequently longer than the second. The first act generally introduces nearly all of the characters and most of the music and often ends with the introduction of a dramatic conflict or plot complication while the second act may introduce a few new songs but usually contains reprises of important musical themes and resolves the conflict or complication. A book musical is usually built around four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in the show, although it sometimes consists of a series of songs not directly

theatre productions, or on tour. Musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada and Latin America. Since the 20th century, the ""book musical"" has been defined as a musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals that is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter. The three main components of a book musical are its ""music"", ""lyrics"" and ""book"". The book or

principal performers as well as the chorus. Third, musicals often use various genres of popular music or at least popular singing and musical styles. Finally, musicals usually avoid certain operatic conventions. In particular, a musical is almost always performed in the language of its audience. Musicals produced on Broadway or in the West End, for instance, are invariably sung in English, even if they were originally written in another language. While an opera singer is primarily a singer and only secondarily an actor (and rarely needs to dance), a musical theatre performer is often an actor first but must also

Libretto
to music as written – in prose – with the lyrics of the arias, duets, trios and choruses written in verse. The libretto of a musical, on the other hand, is almost always written in prose (except for the song lyrics). The libretto of a musical, if the musical is adapted from a play (or even a novel), may even borrow their source's original dialogue liberally – much as ""Oklahoma!"" used dialogue from Lynn Riggs's ""Green Grow the Lilacs"", ""Carousel"" used dialogue from Ferenc Molnár's ""Liliom"", ""My Fair Lady"" took most of its dialogue word-for-word from George Bernard Shaw's ""Pygmalion"",

musicals, as mentioned above. In 1975, the dance musical ""A Chorus Line"" emerged from recorded group therapy-style sessions Michael Bennett conducted with ""gypsies"" – those who sing and dance in support of the leading players – from the Broadway community. From hundreds of hours of tapes, James Kirkwood Jr. and Nick Dante fashioned a book about an audition for a musical, incorporating many real-life stories from the sessions; some who attended the sessions eventually played variations of themselves or each other in the show. With music by Marvin Hamlisch and lyrics by Edward Kleban, ""A Chorus Line"" first opened at

in florida it is illegal to sell alcohol before 1 pm on any sunday. this is an example of

"Blue law"
Blue law Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest. Blue laws may also restrict shopping or ban sale of certain items on specific days, most often on Sundays in the western world. Blue laws are enforced in parts of the United States and Canada as well as some European countries, particularly in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Norway, keeping most stores closed on Sundays. In the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court has held

"Alcohol laws of Texas"
midnight on all days except Sunday; Sunday sales are permitted between midnight and 1AM and between noon and midnight (excepting certain sales of beer with food). Wine sales are generally permitted at the same time as beer sales. Any retailer with a proper permit may sell beer and wine. Liquor sales are more stringently regulated. Liquor sales are prohibited 1) on Sundays, 2) on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day (and when Christmas and New Year's fall on a Sunday, the prohibition is carried over to the following Monday), and 3) before 10AM and after 9PM on any

"Blue law"
spend and enjoy together, a day on which there exists relative quiet and disassociation from the everyday intensity of commercial activities, a day on which people may visit friends and relative who are not available during working days."" In March 2006, Texas judges upheld the state blue law that requires car dealerships to close either Saturday or Sunday each weekend. Blue law Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest. Blue laws may also

"Blue laws in the United States"
Blue laws in the United States Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest. Blue laws may also restrict shopping or ban sale of certain items on specific days, most often on Sundays in the western world. Blue laws are enforced in parts of the United States and Canada as well as some European countries, particularly in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Norway, keeping most stores closed on Sundays. In the United States, the U.S.

Alcohol laws of Texas A person must be at least be 21 years of age to publicly drink an alcoholic beverage in Texas, with some exceptions Texas is one of ten states (California, Colorado, Maryland, Montana, New York, Texas, West Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) that allow consumption by minors in the presence of consenting and supervising family members. In the state of Texas, parents accept responsibility for the safety of minors under 18 when the minor is on their property or on property leased by them and under their care, custody, and control; an adult may provide alcohol to

New rule‐making by the Washington State Liquor Control Board (WSLCB) based on alcohol sales hour restrictions is being proposed as the model for state licensed Marijuana sales per initiative I-502 as well. Hunting on Sunday is prohibited in all but 14 of 55 counties. Alcohol sales are prohibited on Sunday in West Virginia until 1:00 p.m. Blue laws in the United States Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest. Blue laws may also

officials vowed to maintain them. Two days later, Christie predicted that his planned repeal would not succeed. Car dealerships are not allowed to be open or do business on Sundays anywhere in the state. In November 2012, Christie issued an executive order to temporarily suspend the blue law due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy. The blue law was suspended on November 11 but was back in effect on November 18. On-premise sale is allowed from 7 am. to 2 am. and until midnight for off-premise, except on Sundays; no alcohol is allowed to be sold on or off-premise. Stores

Sundays. Hunting is prohibited on Sundays. Maine is also one of three states where it is illegal for almost all businesses to open on Thanksgiving, most notably the big department stores. Alcohol sales remain restricted but allowed between the hours of 1 a.m. and 7 a.m. Monday through Saturday and 1 a.m. and 9 a.m. on Sunday. In Maryland, ""a new or used car dealer may not sell, barter, deliver, give away, show, or offer for sale a motor vehicle or certificate of title for a motor vehicle on Sunday"", except in Howard County, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County.

"Blue law"
on Sundays at some restricted time, under the idea that people should be in church on Sunday morning, or at least not drinking. Another feature of blue laws in the United States restricts the purchase of particular items on Sundays. Some of these laws restrict the ability to buy cars, groceries, office supplies, and housewares among other things. Though most of these laws have been relaxed or repealed in most states, they are still enforced in some other states. In Texas, for example, blue laws prohibited selling housewares such as pots, pans, and washing machines on Sunday until 1985. In

"Alcohol laws of South Carolina"
the retail sale of liquor statewide is permitted from 9 a.m. until 7 p.m. Monday–Saturday, and Sunday sales are banned by state law. However, counties and cities may hold referendums to allow Sunday sales of beer and wine only. Counties currently allowing Sunday beer and wine sales: Berkeley, Beaufort, Charleston, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, Newberry, Oconee, Richland (unincorporated areas only), and York. Lancaster and Lexington allow in cities with referendums. Cities and towns that have passed laws allowing Sunday beer and wine sales include Columbia, Spartanburg, Charleston, Greenville, Aiken, Rock Hill, Summerville, Santee, Daniel Island, Hardeeville and Tega Cay. While there

"Wonder Woman (TV series)"
reprising her role by voicing the character; along with an animated adaptation of the comic series ""Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"". Wonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War

Wonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II. The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to

book-style text panels. Transitions between scenes and commercial breaks were marked by animated starburst sequences. In early 1942, during the Second World War, American pilot Major Steve Trevor (Waggoner) bails out during an air battle over the Bermuda Triangle, location of Paradise Island. The island is home to the Amazons: beautiful, ageless women with great strength, agility, and intelligence. Amazon princess Diana (Carter) rescues the handsome unconscious Trevor and helps nurse him back to health. Her mother, the Amazon queen (Cloris Leachman; succeeded by Carolyn Jones and Beatrice Straight in later episodes), decrees that Olympic-style games shall be held to

Diana's new IADC boss, Bret Cassiday (Bob Seagren), a genetically enhanced man who was indestructible (the titular character of the episode), as well as a streetwise youngster named T. Burton Phipps III who inexplicably is allowed to hang out at the IADC. Also added to the cast was a chimpanzee who, like Bret, is also indestructible. This episode was actually the last to be produced and should have ended the third season, but was shown out of sequence with the two-parter ""The Phantom of the Roller Coaster."" These final three episodes aired by themselves in August–September 1979, months after the

""The New Adventures of Wonder Woman"", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner. Waggoner's character was changed to Steve Trevor Jr., the son of his original character. ""Wonder Woman"" refers to both a 1974 television film and a 1975-79 television series based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The 1974 television film called ""Wonder Woman"" directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby, was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC. Ratings were described as ""respectable but not exactly wondrous,"" and ABC did not pick up the pilot.

lead role. For the role of Steve Trevor, the producers chose Lyle Waggoner, despite his dark brown, almost-black, hair not matching the comic's blond Trevor, who at the time was better known as a comedic actor after several years co-starring in ""The Carol Burnett Show."" He was also known to Ross as having been one of the leading candidates to play Batman a decade earlier, but instead Adam West was signed. Waggoner was also considered a sex symblol, having done a semi-nude pictorial in the first issue of ""Playgirl."" Although the pilot followed the original comic book closely, in particular

Keen to make a distinction from the last pilot, producers gave the pilot the rather paradoxical title ""The New Original Wonder Woman"". Scripting duties were given to Stanley Ralph Ross, who was instructed to be more faithful to the comic book and to create a subtle ""high comedy."" Ross set the pilot in World War II, the era in which the original comic book began. After an intensive talent search, Lynda Carter, who had had a handful of minor acting roles and had been the 1972 Miss World USA and a Bob Hope USO cast member, was chosen for the

Instead, Warner Bros. and ABC developed the 1975 television series, ""Wonder Woman"", that fit the more traditional presentation of the character as created by William Moulton Marston, turning away from the 1968–72 era that had influenced the pilot. """", which premiered in 1975, starred Lynda Carter and eventually led to the full series. Crosby would later claim that she was offered the chance to reprise the role in that series. Despite the muted ratings of the earlier Cathy Lee Crosby television pilot, ABC still felt a ""Wonder Woman"" series had potential, and within a year another pilot was in production.

actress Beatrice Colen joined the cast as Corporal Etta Candy WAAC, General Blankenship's secretary, thereby providing YN1 Prince with a subordinate. Three episodes featured Debra Winger as Diana's younger sister, Drusilla, a.k.a. Wonder Girl, in one of her earliest acting roles. One of the most memorable aspects of the show that was developed during the first season was the transformation sequence that changed Diana Prince into her superheroine alter ego. The sequence in the original specials employed a slow fade between two synchronized shots, both filmed with an overcranked camera to create a slow motion effect. A twirling Diana Prince's

"Wonder Woman (1974 film)"
action sequence, which occurs during the final third of the story. The pilot aired originally on March 12, 1974 and was repeated on August 21 of that year. Ratings were described as ""respectable but not exactly wondrous."" ABC did not pick up the pilot, although Crosby would later claim she was offered the series that was eventually given to Lynda Carter. An ABC spokesperson would later acknowledge that the decision to update the character was a mistake. Warner Brothers released this pilot into syndication as a stand-alone 90-minute telefilm, where it played on independent TV stations throughout the 1970s and

"The Man in the High Castle"
closer to Juliana appears to have growing doubts about his role as a Nazi agent. He does take the name of Cinnadella after getting assigned on a mission in Season 3. Robert Childan is a more minor character in Season 1 than the original, while Ed McCarthy has a rather more prominent and active role. There are several major additional characters introduced by the television series and numerous narrative details and the plotline differ radically from the source novel. For example, the planned Nazi pre-emptive nuclear strike on Japan, ""Operation Dandelion,"" is apparently being prevented only by Hitler's personal refusal

for release through the Amazon Prime Web video streaming service. The pilot episode was released by Amazon Studios on January 15, 2015, and was Amazon's ""most watched pilot ever"" according to Amazon Studios' vice president, Roy Price. On February 18, 2015, Amazon green-lit the series. The show became available for streaming on November 20, 2015. The television series diverges from the novel in many respects. Both the Pacific States of America and the Eastern American puppet state appear to be mere provinces of the Japanese and German empires without any apparent autonomous (even quisling) government institutions. The Rocky Mountain States

"The Man in the High Castle (TV series)"
2015 filming also took place at the University of British Columbia. Exterior shots of Hohenwerfen Castle in Werfen, Austria, were filmed in September 2015 for the tenth episode of the first season. Amazon announced in January 2017 that they were bringing on new executive producer and showrunner Eric Overmyer for the third season to replace Spotnitz, who had departed from the show during the second season. The first season received acclaim from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives it an approval rating of 95% based on reviews from 58 critics, with an average rating of 7.54 out of 10. The site's critical

part of the continent and the Japanese Pacific States (with San Francisco as capital) to the west. These territories are separated by a neutral zone (with Denver as its possibly unofficial capital) that encompasses the Rocky Mountains. The series follows characters whose destinies intertwine after they come into contact with a series of propaganda films that show different histories. Premiering in January 2015, the pilot was Amazon's ""most-watched since the original series development program began"". The next month, Amazon ordered a ten-episode season, which was released in November to positive reviews. A second season of ten episodes premiered in December

fearful of their secrets coming out, he consents to Helen seeing a psychiatrist to deal with the trauma of this killing, and her grief over Thomas. Meanwhile, Childan and Ed arrive in Denver, the cultural capital of the Neutral Zone, with a truck full of Americana acquisitions Childan hopes to sell in his shop. Nearly everything is stolen by a gang on motorcycles, and when Childan prepares to return to California, Ed is hesitant to leave, as he has started a relationship with a local man named Jack. Childan returns to San Francisco to find his shop illegally occupied by

The Man in the High Castle The Man in the High Castle (1962) is an alternate history novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. Set in 1962, fifteen years after an alternative ending to World War II, the novel concerns intrigues between the victorious Axis Powers—primarily, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany—as they rule over the former United States, as well as daily life under the resulting totalitarian rule. ""The Man in the High Castle"" won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1963. Beginning in 2015, the book was adapted as a multi-season TV series, with Dick's daughter, Isa Dick

and Scott as executive producers, co-produced with Scott Free Productions, Headline Pictures and Electric Shepherd Prods. On October 1, 2014, Amazon Studios began filming the pilot episode for a potential television drama to be broadcast on their Prime web video streaming service. Adapted by Spotnitz, the project was produced for Amazon by Scott, David Zucker and Jordan Sheehan for Scott Free, Stewart Mackinnon and Christian Baute for Headline Pictures, Isa Hackett and Kalen Egan for Electric Shepherd and Spotnitz's Big Light Productions. The pilot was released by Amazon Studios on January 15, 2015. Amazon Studios' production process is somewhat different

the memories of her other world counterpart, who was killed by Joe in the mines. She organizes an expedition with some members of the resistance to destroy the machine. Smith and Himmler witness a test of the machine, which is moderately successful; one human subject appears to travel, but several others are torn apart. Julianna has shown Joe's secret Reich files to Tagomi, who uses them to pressure Smith to drop the embargo. Smith's daughter Jennifer is now old enough to submit to the mandatory medical examination that revealed Thomas's illness. Fearful of the possible results and hoping for a

Smith's exposure of it. Smith is galvanized as a Nazi hero, and Himmler's accession to implies new era of peace and tranquility between the Japanese Empire and the Greater Nazi Reich. Thomas, however, has learned of his condition. Inspired by his father's devotion to the Reich, Thomas turns himself in to be euthanized. Frank decides to put aside his relative pacifism and become a committed member of the American Resistance to the Japanese Empire inside the Pacific States. He eventually participates in a terrorist bombing of a central command building of the Pacific States government in Downtown San Francisco, also

consensus states,By executive producer Ridley Scott, ""The Man in the High Castle"" is unlike anything else on TV, with an immediately engrossing plot driven by quickly developed characters in a fully realized post-WWII dystopia.Metacritic gives the first season a score of 77 out of 100, based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Meredith Woerner from ""io9"" wrote, ""I can honestly say I loved this pilot. It's an impressive, streamlined undertaking of a fairly complicated and very beloved novel."" Matt Fowler from IGN gave 9.2 out of 10 and described the series as a ""a superb, frightening experience

"Wendy Craig"
Wendy Craig Anne Gwendolyn Craig (born 20 June 1934), known professionally as Wendy Craig, is an English actress who is best known for her appearances in the sitcoms ""Not in Front of the Children"", ""Butterflies"", ""...And Mother Makes Three"" and ""...And Mother Makes Five"". She played the role of Matron in the TV series ""The Royal"" (2003–11). Craig was born in Sacriston, County Durham the daughter of farmer George Craig and his wife Anne (née Lindsay). She attended Durham High School for Girls, initially as a day pupil and later as a boarder, which she revisited on 13 October 2007

"Coraline (film)"
Other World, inhabited by button-eyed doppelgängers of people from her world. Coraline meets the Other Mother and Other Father, who are much more attentive and entertaining than her real parents. After dinner, she goes to sleep in her Other Bedroom, but awakes in her real bedroom. Despite cryptic warnings from her neighbors, Coraline visits the Other World three times, where she meets the Other Mr. Bobinsky, who performs a mice circus, the Other Miss Spink and Miss Forcible, who perform a never-ending burlesque act and the Other Wybie, who is mute. Despite having no Other World counterpart, the black cat

Coraline
published in 2008, was illustrated by P. Craig Russell and lettered by Todd Klein. A theatrical adaptation, with music and lyrics by Stephin Merritt and book by David Greenspan, premiered on 6 May 2009, produced by MCC Theater and True Love Productions Off-Broadway at The Lucille Lortel Theatre. Nine-year-old Coraline was played by an adult, Jayne Houdyshell, and the Other Mother was played by David Greenspan. A video game adaptation, based on the film, was published and developed by D3 Publisher of America. The game was released on 27 January 2009 for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS and Wii platforms

"Peggy Wood"
Peggy Wood Mary Margaret ""Peggy"" Wood (February 9, 1892 – March 18, 1978) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She is best remembered for her performance as the title character in the CBS television series ""Mama"" (1949–1957), for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series; her starring role as Naomi, Ruth's mother-in-law, in ""The Story of Ruth"" (1960); and her final screen appearance as Mother Abbess in ""The Sound of Music"" (1965), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Wood

"Eleanor Audley"
Eleanor Audley Eleanor Audley (born Eleanor Zellman; November 19, 1905 – November 25, 1991) was an American actress who had a distinctive voice in radio and animation, in addition to her TV and film roles. She is best remembered on television as Oliver Douglas's mother, Eunice Douglas, on the CBS sitcom, ""Green Acres"" (1965–69); and for providing Disney animated features with the villainess voices of Lady Tremaine in ""Cinderella"" (1950); and Maleficent in ""Sleeping Beauty"" (1959). She was known in her career for mostly playing characters with snobbish and mean attitudes. Audley provided the voice of Madame Leota, the spirit

Coraline
the brick wall behind the door is gone. In its place is a long hallway that leads to a flat identical to her own, except inhabited by the ""Other Mother"" and ""Other Father,"" who have black buttons for eyes. The Other Mother is notably taller and thinner than her real mother. Her black hair seems to move by itself, her skin is paper-white, and her nails are long and red. Coraline finds the ""Other World"" more interesting than her own; the Other Mother cooks food that she actually enjoys, both of her Other Parents pay more attention to her, her

"Freda Dowie"
Freda Dowie Freda Dowie (born 22 July 1928) is an English actress. She was born in Carlisle, Cumberland. Her television credits include: ""Dixon of Dock Green"", ""Doomwatch"", ""Edna, the Inebriate Woman"", ""Upstairs, Downstairs"", ""The Carnforth Practice"", ""I, Claudius"", ""The Old Curiosity Shop"", ""The Pickwick Papers"", ""Lillie"", ""Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit"", ""Our Friends in the North"", ""Lovejoy"" and ""Heartbeat"". Her film career includes roles in ""Subterfuge"" (1968), ""The Omen"" (1976), ""The Monk"" (1990), ""Butterfly Kiss"" (1995), ""Jude"" (1996), ""Cider with Rosie"" (1998), and ""Fragile"" (2005). For co-starring as the Mother in the 1988 film ""Distant Voices, Still Lives"", she

"Helena Bonham Carter"
as British author Enid Blyton in the TV film ""Enid"" (2009). Bonham Carter began her film career, playing the title character in ""Lady Jane"" (1986), and playing Lucy Honeychurch in ""A Room with a View"" (1985). Her other film roles include Ophelia in ""Hamlet"" (1990), ""Where Angels Fear to Tread"" (1991), ""Howards End"" (1992), Elizabeth Lavenza in ""Mary Shelley's Frankenstein"" (1994), Woody Allen's ""Mighty Aphrodite"" (1995), Marla Singer in ""Fight Club"" (1999), Bellatrix Lestrange in the ""Harry Potter"" series (2007–11), Skynet in ""Terminator Salvation"" (2009), Miss Havisham in ""Great Expectations"" (2012), Madame Thénardier in ""Les Misérables"" (2012), the Fairy Godmother

"Évelyne Grandjean"
Évelyne Grandjean Évelyne Grandjean (born 7 April 1939 in Versailles) is a French stage, cinematic and television actress, playwright and television writer, and radio host. She has been also a prolific voice actress for many French-dubbed versions of foreign films and TV series, including """" (as Spot, Princess and Nanny), ""Alfred J. Kwak"" (as Kwak), ""The Animals of Farthing Wood"" (as Adder the Snake), ""Around the World in Eighty Dreams"" (as Grandma Tadpole), ""Babar"" (as Celeste), ""A Bug's Life"" (as Dr. Flora), ""The Cat Returns"" (as Natoru), ""Chicken Run"" (as Bunty), """" (as Fairy Godmother), ""Cutey Honey"" (as Sister Jill),

was nominated for a European Film Award. Freda Dowie Freda Dowie (born 22 July 1928) is an English actress. She was born in Carlisle, Cumberland. Her television credits include: ""Dixon of Dock Green"", ""Doomwatch"", ""Edna, the Inebriate Woman"", ""Upstairs, Downstairs"", ""The Carnforth Practice"", ""I, Claudius"", ""The Old Curiosity Shop"", ""The Pickwick Papers"", ""Lillie"", ""Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit"", ""Our Friends in the North"", ""Lovejoy"" and ""Heartbeat"". Her film career includes roles in ""Subterfuge"" (1968), ""The Omen"" (1976), ""The Monk"" (1990), ""Butterfly Kiss"" (1995), ""Jude"" (1996), ""Cider with Rosie"" (1998), and ""Fragile"" (2005). For co-starring as the Mother in the

when was the last time the dodgers played yankees in the world series

"Dodgers–Yankees rivalry"
have not met in the playoffs since the 1981 World Series, interleague matchups between the two teams, whether in New York or Los Angeles, have become quite popular. Tickets in both cities have become exclusive shortly after going on sale and games between the two teams have drawn sell out crowds, as evidenced during the doubleheader at the new Yankee Stadium in June 2013, the first time the Dodgers visited the Bronx since interleague play was introduced and the first time they visited the new Yankee Stadium. After 23 years of not facing the Yankees, LA hosted an interleague weekend

at Dodger Stadium for an interleague series from June 25–27, 2010. Joe Torre and Don Mattingly played against the Yankees, who won the series two games to one, for the first time since joining the Dodgers and Torre's first meeting with Rodriguez since the writing of Torre's book. Mattingly succeeded Torre as manager of the Dodgers after the 2010 season. The Dodgers never played a regular season series at the original Yankee Stadium. The teams finally met up during the 2013 season. The double header of June 19 was not just the Dodgers return to the Bronx after a long

absence; it was also Mattingly's first return to the Bronx since he became Dodger manager (excluding Mattingly's visit to new Yankee Stadium on the night they honored George Steinbrenner with a monument in Monument Park). Former Dodger pitcher Hiroki Kuroda won the first game for the Yankees while the Dodgers rebounded in the night cap behind the pitching of Chris Capuano. The two then split a 2-game series at Dodger stadium. Their most recent meeting occurred from September 12-14, 2016 at Yankee Stadium, where the Dodgers took two out of three games from the Yankees. Dodgers–Yankees rivalry The Dodgers–Yankees rivalry

Giants and Yankees became the first Subway Series, as match-ups between the Dodgers and the Giants were not referred to as Subway Series. After losing to the Giants in that World Series and again the following year, the Yankees moved across the Harlem River to the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, where they captured their first ever World Series from the Giants in 1923. The rivalry between the Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers began when the teams first met in the 1941 World Series. In Game 4, with the Yankees leading the series two games to one, the Dodgers led

"Dodgers–Giants rivalry"
and their first in San Francisco (). Since 2000, the Giants have advanced to the postseason seven times while the Dodgers have advanced eight times. In that time, the Giants made first-round playoff appearances in 2000, 2003 and 2016, won a National League pennant in 2002, and won the 2010 World Series, 2012 World Series and the 2014 World Series. The Dodgers have made first-round playoff appearances in 2004, 2006, 2014, and 2015, made NLCS appearances in 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2016, and won National League pennants in 2017 and 2018. Ardent fans of each club would be likely to

teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn while the Yankees played in the Bronx. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in , the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States. The Dodgers currently lead the regular season series 7-6. Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since . They would not play

series in June 2004 where they took two out of three contests. One ending had closer Éric Gagné strike out Bernie Williams for the final out. The third and final game was the ESPN Sunday Night game that weekend. The rivalry was renewed when Joe Torre, who led the Yankees to four World Series championships, accepted a three-year, $13 million contract to manage the Dodgers on November 1, 2007. He also brought along former Yankee first baseman Don Mattingly and Larry Bowa to his coaching staff. Coaches Rick Honeycutt and Mariano Duncan each played for both teams. Torre and left

Stow began an intensive therapy program in the Rehabilitation Trauma Center at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center on October 11, 2011. Doctors have told his family that he will never fully recover. On December 19, 2011, NBC aired the interview with Bryan Stow on the program ""Rock Center with Brian Williams"". On October 25, 2012, he attended Game 2 of the 2012 World Series at AT&T Park against the Detroit Tigers. In April 2013, Stow's insurance company stopped paying for his full-time care in a residential rehabilitation facility and he moved into his parents' home in Capitola, California. Stow returned

Dodgers–Yankees rivalry The Dodgers–Yankees rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the New York Yankees. The Dodgers are a member club of the National League (NL) West division, and the Yankees are a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The rivalry between the Dodgers and Yankees is one of the most well-known rivalries in Major League Baseball. The two teams have met 11 times in the World Series, more times than any other pair of teams from the American and National Leagues. The initial significance was embodied in the two

home on June 13, 2013 for the first time in two years since the attack. On February 20, 2014, Sanchez and Norwood pleaded guilty. Under the plea bargain, Sanchez was sentenced to eight years in prison for felony mayhem and Norwood received four years for felony assault. On July 9, 2014, a jury found the Dodgers organization negligent in Stow's beating. The jury awarded $18 million in damages to Stow; the Dodgers are responsible for one quarter of this total. The remaining amount is to be split between Sanchez and Norwood. On September 25, 2013 at 11:30 pm, a Dodger

"Highest-paid NBA players by season"
has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966. Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA

Highest-paid NBA players by season The highest-paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty-million-dollar range. In this twelve-year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003–04 season. Garnett has been the highest-paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997–98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player

season, the NBA's first salary cap was introduced. The NBA salary cap is the maximum dollar amount each NBA team can spend on its players for the season. However, the NBA uses a ""soft"" salary cap, which means that significant ""salary exceptions"" allow NBA teams to exceed their allotted amount in order to sign players. The salary cap is determined during the offseason, but as stated earlier, it is liable to change. An exception is necessary to sign a player for a contract that would exceed the salary cap threshold of the ""soft cap"". The Larry Bird exception, more commonly

team to sign their first-round draft pick to a contract based upon a scale previously set forth by the NBA. Another option for teams would be to assign players to a league-assigned minimum salary contract for a maximum of two years. According to 2010–11 NBA season game performance, the league's best players were not its highest-paid players. Each year there are ten players selected to one of the two All-NBA Teams. Out of those ten players chosen that year, Kobe Bryant was the only player that was also among the game's ten highest-paid during the 2010–11 NBA season. Highest-paid NBA

early 2010s, league-wide revenues measured in U.S. dollars were inflated accordingly. As a result of these factors, the cap was raised each year of the 2005–12 CBA to $64.3 million for the 2011–12 season, with a cap of $12.86 million for a player. The CBA also contains a salary floor which is formally titled the ""Lower Limit of the Payroll Range"", the minimum that each team ""must"" pay in player salaries. The lower limit was originally set at 55% of the cap, but is now defined to be $16 million below the cap, therefore the 2011–12 minimum was $48.3 million.

"NBA salary cap"
signed the contract once the NBA's free agency moratorium ended on July 6, 2017. Shortly thereafter, James Harden agreed on a DVPE with the Rockets. At the time of signing, his current contract had two years remaining with total pay of $59 million; the extension will add another $170 million over four seasons, ending in 2022–23. The next supermax signing was that of John Wall, who agreed later in July to a four-year, $170 million extension that will start in 2019–20. In late September, Russell Westbrook became the fourth and final supermax signing of the 2017 offseason, signing a five-year,

up to $209 million over five years, a financial commitment that the Kings were apparently unwilling to make. Following the announcement of the 2016–17 All-NBA team, four players were eligible to sign DVPE contracts during the 2017 offseason. All four were named to one of the three All-NBA teams for that season; two were already eligible under the new criteria. Harden and Westbrook would not have qualified under the standard DVPE criteria because both signed extensions to their contracts in the 2016 offseason, Harden for two years and Westbrook for one. The players' union and owners negotiated a special dispensation

"Player efficiency rating"
this season. Hollinger has set up PER so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: Only 21 times has a player posted a season efficiency rating over 30.0 (with more than 15 games played in that season), with the highest score being 31.82 (Wilt Chamberlain). Michael Jordan and LeBron James lead with four 30+ seasons, with Shaquille O'Neal and Wilt Chamberlain having accomplished three each, and David Robinson, Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul, Tracy McGrady, Anthony Davis, Stephen Curry and Russell Westbrook having accomplished one each. The 2008–2009 season was unique in

for a salary up to his previous salary. The maximum amount of money a player can sign for is based on the number of years that player has played and the total of the salary cap. The maximum salary of a player with 6 or fewer years of experience is either $25,500,000 or 25% of the total salary cap (projected for 2017–18), whichever is greater. For a player with 7–9 years of experience, the maximum is $30,600,000 or 30% of the cap, and for a player with 10+ years of experience, the maximum is $35,700,000 or 35% of the cap.

of $120 million. While the previous CBA had a salary floor, the new CBA did not have one until . Starting with that season, each team is required to spend a minimum of 88.8% of the cap in cash on player compensation, and 90% in future years. However, the floor is based on total cash spent over each of two four-year periods, the first running from 2013–2016 and the second from 2017–2020. A team can be under the floor in one or more seasons in a cycle without violating the CBA, as long as its total spending during the four-year

"Jo Danville"
that she adopted Ellie after her divorce. In Episode ""Nine Thirteen"", Jo met a young man who claimed to have received her sister Leanne's donor heart. It was later revealed Leanne was killed by a drunk driver. She has a very good working relationship with Mac Taylor, and he treats her like an equal, as opposed to his Assistant Supervisor. In the season 7 premiere, she meets Taylor and the rest of the team in the lab after finding the dead body of a woman on her arrival to the lab. She has revealed that she is a fan of

"Camilla Luddington"
and Prince William. Luddington joined the cast of the Showtime comedy-drama series ""Californication"" for its fifth season, playing a nanny. She also joined the cast of season five of the HBO vampire drama ""True Blood"", as Claudette Crane, a faerie. In July 2012, Luddington joined the cast of the ABC medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" as Dr. Jo Wilson, in a recurring role. In June 2013 it was announced that she would be a series regular from season ten onward. In October 2012, Luddington appeared on a Hallowe'en special of E!'s popular fashion programme ""Fashion Police"", alongside a panel of Joan

"Jo Grant"
and menaced by giant maggots and ancient dæmons. Over time, Jo also grows more confident and mature, until she is independent enough to stand up to the Doctor, which she does in her last serial, ""The Green Death"" in May–June 1973. During the events of that story, Jo falls in love with Professor Clifford Jones (Stewart Bevan), a young, Nobel Prize-winning scientist leading an environmentalist group. At the end, she agrees to marry Jones and go with him to the Amazon to study its vegetation, the news of which the Doctor greets with a mixture of pride and sadness. Jo

"Jo Grant"
assigned to the Doctor (Jon Pertwee) as a replacement for Liz Shaw (Caroline John). Apparently, she gained the assignment to UNIT because her uncle, a high ranking civil servant, had ""pulled some strings"". Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney) assigns her to the Doctor, who is initially dismayed when he finds out that she is not a scientist, but accepts her because he does not have the heart to tell her otherwise. An enthusiastic, bubbly and sometimes scatter-brained blonde, Jo soon endears herself to the other members of UNIT, especially Captain Mike Yates (Richard Franklin) and Sergeant Benton (John Levene). The Third

"Stephanie Edwards (Grey's Anatomy)"
Stephanie Edwards (Grey's Anatomy) Stephanie Edwards, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series ""Grey's Anatomy"", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and was portrayed by actress Jerrika Hinton from 2012 to 2017. Introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, later renamed Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Stephanie works her way up to resident level with fellow intern and friend, Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington). The character was described by Hinton as ""innovative"" who strives to be the

"Jo Grant"
civilian operative for United Nations Intelligence Taskforce, an international organisation that defends the Earth from alien threats, assigned as an assistant to the Doctor, who is initially stranded on earth. Once he regains use of his time machine, the TARDIS, she accompanies him in travels across time and space. Jo departs the Doctor's company in the 1973 television serial ""The Green Death"" having fallen in love with a human professor. On television, she next encounters the Doctor over thirty years later in the 2010 ""Sarah Jane Adventures"" serial ""Death of the Doctor"". Manning and Pertwee enjoyed a close working relationship;

"Jo Grant"
Jo Grant Jo Grant is a fictional character played by Katy Manning in the long-running British science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"". Jo was introduced by Barry Letts and Terrance Dicks in the first episode of ""Doctor Who""s eighth season (1971) as a new companion of series protagonist the Doctor, in his third incarnation (Jon Pertwee). After the Doctor's previous companion Liz Shaw (Caroline John), a scientist and intellectual, the production team looked to introduce a less experienced companion to act as an audience surrogate. Jo appeared in 15 stories (78 episodes). Within the series narrative, Jo is a junior

New Year's Eve. I'm not sure I even let Matt get through his proposal before I started yelling YES YES YES!! Of course it was a yes! Also... Hayden approves.. ;)"" with the ring emoji and three of the diamond stars. As of October 2018, the couple has not given any details about the wedding planning. Camilla Luddington Camilla Luddington (born 15 December 1983) is an English actress, known for her roles as Kate Middleton in the Lifetime TV film """" (2011) and as Jo Karev (Wilson) in the ABC medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". She provided the voice and motion

"Emma Catherwood"
there with the amazing doctors, who do such a brilliant job... To watch someone crack open a chest is a wonderful experience. It makes you realise that’s all we are underneath. It was a great way of introducing me to the world of medicine. I really appreciate what they do.” Emma Catherwood Emma Catherwood (born 7 December 1981) is a Welsh actress and former model best known for her role as Jo in ""My Kingdom"" and for her role in ""Holby City"". She studied the Meisner technique in London, and has degrees in English literature and Art History. Catherwood began

D.C., she discovered a long-time respected lab technician had covered up evidence of a mistake he made for a case. Jo brought this to the attention of the defense attorneys, costing her support in the city and pushing her to move. Upon her arrival at the crime lab, she walks into the empty lab (because everyone’s attending Lindsay Monroe’s medal presentation) and finds a dead body. Her badge number is 8278. She has an ex-husband, FBI Agent Russ Josephson (David James Elliott). She has one son, Tyler (Cody Longo), and one adopted daughter, Ellie (Sydney Park). It is made clear

which financial statement involves all aspects of the accounting​ equation

"Accounting equation"
economics are thus diverse. A company’s quarterly and annual reports are basically derived directly from the accounting equations used in bookkeeping practices. These equations, entered in a business’s general ledger, will provide the material that eventually makes up the foundation of a business’s financial statements. This includes expense reports, cash flow, interest and loan payments, salaries, and company investments. The accounting equation plays a significant role as the foundation of the double entry bookkeeping system. The primary aim of the double entry system is to keep track of debits and credits, and ensure that the sum of these always matches

"Financial accounting"
Reporting Standards (IFRS), which are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Financial accounting serves the following purposes: Objectives of Financial Accounting The accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity) and financial statements are the main topics of financial accounting. The trial balance, which is usually prepared using the double-entry accounting system, forms the basis for preparing the financial statements. All the figures in the trial balance are rearranged to prepare a profit & loss statement and balance sheet. Accounting standards determine the format for these accounts (SSAP, FRS, IFRS). Financial statements display the income and expenditure for

Accounting Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494. Accounting, which has been called the ""language of business"", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms ""accounting"" and ""financial reporting"" are often used as synonyms. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, external auditing, tax accounting

dealings might be. This provides valuable information to creditors or banks that might be considering a loan application or investment in the company. Accounting equation The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, represents the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a person or business. It is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system. For each transaction, the total debits equal the total credits. It can be expressed as further more. In a corporation, capital represents the stockholders' equity. Since every business transaction affects at least two of a company’s accounts, the accounting equation will

Accounting equation The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, represents the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a person or business. It is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system. For each transaction, the total debits equal the total credits. It can be expressed as further more. In a corporation, capital represents the stockholders' equity. Since every business transaction affects at least two of a company’s accounts, the accounting equation will always be “in balance,” meaning the left side should always equal the right side. Thus, the accounting formula essentially shows that what the

and liabilities separately from non-current amounts. Current assets are the most liquid assets of a firm, which can be realized in 12 months period. Current assets include: Non-current assets include fixed or long-term assets and intangible assets: Liabilities include: Owner's equity, sometimes referred to as net assets, is represented differently depending on the type of business ownership. Business ownership can be in the form of a sole proprietorship, partnership, or a corporation. For a corporation, the owner's equity portion usually shows common stock, and retained earnings (earnings kept in the company). Retained earnings come from the retained earnings statement, prepared

the underlying figures as measured or estimated may not ""add up"" due to measurement error, particularly for certain identities in macroeconomics. The most basic identity in accounting is that the balance sheet must balance, that is, that assets must equal the sum of liabilities (debts) and equity (the value of the firm to the owner). In its most common formulation it is known as the accounting equation: where debt includes non-financial liabilities. Balance sheets are commonly presented as two parallel columns, each summing to the same total, with the assets on the left, and liabilities and owners' equity on the

the company and a summary of the assets, liabilities, and shareholders' or owners' equity of the company on the date to which the accounts were prepared. Assets and expenses have normal debit balances, i.e., debiting these types of accounts increases them. Liabilities, revenues, and capital have normal credit balances, i.e., crediting these increases them. When the same thing is done to an account as its normal balance it increases; when the opposite is done, it will decrease. Much like signs in math: two positive numbers are added and two negative numbers are also added. It is only when there is

these events was the passage of Sarbanes–Oxley Act in the United States 2002, as a result of the first admissions of fraudulent behavior made by Enron. The act significantly raises criminal penalties for securities fraud, for destroying, altering or fabricating records in federal investigations or any scheme or attempt to defraud shareholders. Accounting Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494. Accounting, which has been called the ""language of business"", measures the results of an

Financial accounting Financial accounting (or financial accountancy) is the field of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions pertaining to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public consumption. Stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies, business owners, and other stakeholders are examples of people interested in receiving such information for decision making purposes. Financial accountancy is governed by both local and international accounting standards. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It includes the standards, conventions and rules that accountants

"Total offense"
When defenses are measured on total offense allowed, it is called total defense. Some definitions of individual total offense give credit to both the passer and receiver for passing yards. Thus, if a quarterback catches a pass in a trick play, or a non-quarterback throws a pass, some statistical issues arise. Steve McNair holds the NCAA career and single-season total offense/game records. Case Keenum, B.J. Symons, and David Klingler hold the total offense career, single-season and single game records. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) defines the term as ""Total offense is the total of net gain rushing and net

"Death Be Not Proud (poem)"
Death Be Not Proud (poem) Sonnet X, also known by its opening words as ""Death Be Not Proud"", is a fourteen-line poem, or sonnet, by English poet John Donne (1572–1631), one of the leading figures in the metaphysical poets of seventeenth-century English literature. Written between February and August 1609, it was not published during Donne's lifetime; it was first published posthumously in 1633. It is included as one of the nineteen sonnets that comprise Donne's ""Holy Sonnets"" or ""Divine Meditations"", among his most well-known works. Most editions number the poem as the tenth in the sonnet sequence, which follows the

Branagh at the end of Episode 4 of the 1987 BBC series ""Fortunes of War"", following the death of one the main characters. Death Be Not Proud (poem) Sonnet X, also known by its opening words as ""Death Be Not Proud"", is a fourteen-line poem, or sonnet, by English poet John Donne (1572–1631), one of the leading figures in the metaphysical poets of seventeenth-century English literature. Written between February and August 1609, it was not published during Donne's lifetime; it was first published posthumously in 1633. It is included as one of the nineteen sonnets that comprise Donne's ""Holy Sonnets""

"Say No to Death"
the final touch to a novel which must rank high in Australian literature."" Say No to Death Say No to Death (1951) is a novel by Australian writer Dymphna Cusack. Set in Sydney following the war, the novel follows the medical journey of Jan, a young woman suffering from tuberculosis, and her struggles to gain any help from a Government health service struggling for funds. A reviewer in ""The Age"" was impressed by the novel: ""'A novel built entirely around a social injustice is a rarity, but with competence and courage Dymphna Cusack, in ""Say No to Death"", has presented

"Victory for the Slain"
Victory for the Slain Victory for the Slain is an anti-war poem written by children’s author Hugh Lofting, creator of the ""Dr. Dolittle"" series. Published in 1942, the poem is based on Lofting’s experiences during World War I and one of the strongest literary expressions of his pacifism. It was Lofting’s second book of verse but the only work written by him for adults. Lofting was a pacifist and was often frustrated at the quickness in which governments resorted to armed conflict to resolve international issues. Lofting would often mock the reoccurring “latest war to end all wars” mentality and

"Death Be Not Proud (book)"
Death Be Not Proud (book) Death Be Not Proud is a 1949 memoir by American author John Gunther, taking its name from by John Donne. The story was portrayed in a 1975 TV movie starring Robby Benson as Johnny Gunther and Arthur Hill as John Gunther. In the book, Gunther records the true story of his teenage son's struggle to overcome a brain tumor, and his ultimate death at 17. The story chronicles the period beginning when Johnny Gunther experiences the first symptoms of the tumor shortly after he had received a clean bill of health. Johnny's complaint of a

"I'm Dying Laughing: The Humourist"
I'm Dying Laughing: The Humourist I'm Dying Laughing: The Humourist is a novel by Christina Stead (1902 - 1983). It was published posthumously by Virago Press in 1986, edited and with a preface by Ron Geering. The novel is essentially a tragedy and follows the lives of American novelist Emily Wilkes and her husband, a communist from a wealthy background, over several decades. The publisher describes it as ""a magnificent achievement - an unsparing portrait of the disintegration of American Hollywood radicals, revealed with the passionate objectivity which was her hallmark."" Stead described her novel in an interview in 1973:

Say No to Death Say No to Death (1951) is a novel by Australian writer Dymphna Cusack. Set in Sydney following the war, the novel follows the medical journey of Jan, a young woman suffering from tuberculosis, and her struggles to gain any help from a Government health service struggling for funds. A reviewer in ""The Age"" was impressed by the novel: ""'A novel built entirely around a social injustice is a rarity, but with competence and courage Dymphna Cusack, in ""Say No to Death"", has presented the subject of the tuberculosis patient and, in a story of heroism, pathos

"The Dying Negro"
The Dying Negro The Dying Negro: A Poetical Epistle was a 1773 abolitionist poem published in England, by John Bicknell and Thomas Day. It has been called ""the first significant piece of verse propaganda directed explicitly against the English slave systems"". It was quoted in ""The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano"" of 1789. The first draft of this pioneering work of abolitionist literature was written by Bicknell. Published versions were edited by Day, from 1773. The first edition was anonymous; in all there were six editions. The work was dedicated to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A substantial introduction by

"Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep"
I am the sunlight, I am the rain / Do not stand on my grave and cry / I am not there / I did not die"". Several notable choral compositions, pop songs, and other creative works have been based on ""Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep"", adapting lines from Frye's poem as lyrics. Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep ""Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep"" is a poem written in 1932 by Mary Elizabeth Frye. Although the origin of the poem was disputed until later in her life, Mary Frye's authorship was confirmed

"Cell wall"
of glycoprotein, and occurs in the hyperthermophiles, ""Halobacterium"", and some methanogens. In ""Halobacterium"", the proteins in the wall have a high content of acidic amino acids, giving the wall an overall negative charge. The result is an unstable structure that is stabilized by the presence of large quantities of positive sodium ions that neutralize the charge. Consequently, ""Halobacterium"" thrives only under conditions with high salinity. In other Archaea, such as ""Methanomicrobium"" and ""Desulfurococcus"", the wall may be composed only of surface-layer proteins, known as an ""S-layer"". S-layers are common in bacteria, where they serve as either the sole cell-wall component

a secreted skeleton of calcium carbonate. In each case, the wall is rigid and essentially inorganic. It is the non-living component of cell. Some golden algae, ciliates and choanoflagellates produces a shell-like protective outer covering called lorica. Some dinoflagellates have a theca of cellulose plates, and coccolithophorids have coccoliths. An extracellular matrix (ECM) is also present in metazoans. Its composition varies between cells, but collagens are the most abundant protein in the ECM. Cell wall A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid.

Cell wall A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. Cell walls are present in most prokaryotes (except mycoplasma bacteria), in algae, plants and fungi but rarely in other eukaryotes including animals. A major function is to act as pressure vessels, preventing over-expansion of the cell when water enters. The composition of cell walls varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage.

"Bacterial cell structure"
structural integrity to the cell. In prokaryotes, the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment. The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) residues in equal amounts. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and

the cell membrane is the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, although L-form bacteria can be produced in the laboratory that lack a cell wall. The antibiotic penicillin is able to

the water column, so that they can continue to perform photosynthesis. They are made up of a shell of protein that has a highly hydrophobic inner surface, making it impermeable to water (and stopping water vapour from condensing inside) but permeable to most gases. Because the gas vesicle is a hollow cylinder, it is liable to collapse when the surrounding pressure increases. Natural selection has fine tuned the structure of the gas vesicle to maximise its resistance to buckling, including an external strengthening protein, GvpC, rather like the green thread in a braided hosepipe. There is a simple relationship between

for the determination of cell shape. It is relatively porous and is not considered to be a permeability barrier for small substrates. While all bacterial cell walls (with a few exceptions e.g. extracellular parasites such as ""Mycoplasma"") contain peptidoglycan, not all cell walls have the same overall structures. Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, but is absent in some eukaryotes, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall, only a cell membrane. There are two main types

the term ""cell wall"", particularly as it was used for plants, with the more precise term ""extracellular matrix"", as used for animal cells, but others preferred the older term. Cell walls serve similar purposes in those organisms that possess them. They may give cells rigidity and strength, offering protection against mechanical stress. In multicellular organisms, they permit the organism to build and hold a definite shape (morphogenesis). Cell walls also limit the entry of large molecules that may be toxic to the cell. They further permit the creation of stable osmotic environments by preventing osmotic lysis and helping to retain

water. Their composition, properties, and form may change during the cell cycle and depend on growth conditions. In most cells, the cell wall is flexible, meaning that it will bend rather than holding a fixed shape, but has considerable tensile strength. The apparent rigidity of primary plant tissues is enabled by cell walls, but is not due to the walls' stiffness. Hydraulic turgor pressure creates this rigidity, along with the wall structure. The flexibility of the cell walls is seen when plants wilt, so that the stems and leaves begin to droop, or in seaweeds that bend in water currents.

lipid bilayer membrane. The morphology of magnetosomes is species-specific. Perhaps the best known bacterial adaptation to stress is the formation of endospores. Endospores are bacterial survival structures that are highly resistant to many different types of chemical and environmental stresses and therefore enable the survival of bacteria in environments that would be lethal for these cells in their normal vegetative form. It has been proposed that endospore formation has allowed for the survival of some bacteria for hundreds of millions of years (e.g. in salt crystals) although these publications have been questioned. Endospore formation is limited to several genera of

"Bank of England 10s note"
pence coin was introduced as a replacement for the ten-shilling note. The principal reason for the change was economy: the notes had an average lifetime of about five months whereas coins could last at least fifty years. The series C ten shilling notes ceased to be legal tender on 22 November 1970. In the Isle of Man, both the English and Manx Ten Shilling Notes continued to be legal tender for fifty new pence until 2013. Information taken from Bank of England website. Bank of England 10s note The Bank of England 10s note was a banknote of the pound

Bank of England 10s note The Bank of England 10s note was a banknote of the pound sterling. Ten shillings in pre-decimal money (written 10s or 10/-) was equivalent to half of one pound. The ten-shilling note was the smallest denomination note ever issued by the Bank of England. The note was issued by the Bank of England for the first time in 1928 and continued to be printed until 1969. The note ceased to be legal tender in 1970 and was removed in favour of the fifty pence coin. In the 18th and 19th centuries, banknotes were handwritten or

were issued in a new mauve and grey colour scheme in order to deter counterfeiters, although the design remained the same. At the same time, a metallic thread running through the paper was introduced as a security feature. After the war ten-shilling notes were issued in their original red colour. The earliest post-World War II notes did not have the metallic thread security feature, but those issued from October 1948 onward did. A new design for ten-shilling notes was introduced in 1961, with the old notes ceasing to be legal tender in 1962. These new series C notes were slightly

only obliged to exchange notes for gold in multiples of 400 ounces or more. The responsibility for the printing of ten-shilling notes was transferred to the Bank of England in 1928, and the right to redeem banknotes for gold ceased in 1931 when Britain stopped using the gold standard. The first Bank of England ten-shilling notes were two-sided, red, printed banknotes featuring the declaration ""I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten shillings"" on the front. This declaration remains on Bank of England banknotes to this day. In 1940, during the Second World War, ten-shilling notes

"Bank of England note issues"
to combat forgery, higher denomination notes (at the time as high as £1,000) were removed from circulation. Banknotes in various denominations have been issued over time. The denominations are listed in this table, using information from the Bank of England's Withdrawn Banknote guide: The Bank of England's first ten-shilling (10/-) note was issued on 22 November 1928. This note featured a vignette of Britannia, a feature of the Bank's notes since 1694. The predominant colour was red-brown. Unlike previous notes it, and the contemporaneous £1 note, were not dated but are instead identified by the signature of the Chief Cashier

"Bank of England £1 note"
Bank of England £1 note The Bank of England £1 note was a banknote of the pound sterling. After the ten shilling note was withdrawn in 1970 it became the smallest denomination note issued by the Bank of England. The one pound note was issued by the Bank of England for the first time in 1797 and continued to be printed until 1984. The note was withdrawn in 1988 in favour of the one pound coin. One pound notes were introduced by the Bank of England for the first time in 1797, following gold shortages caused by the French Revolutionary

part-printed and could be exchanged, in whole or in part, for an equivalent amount of gold when presented at the bank. During the First World War the British Government wanted to maintain its stocks of bullion and so banks were ordered to stop exchanging banknotes for gold. One pound and 10 shilling notes were introduced by the Treasury in lieu of gold sovereigns. These notes were nicknamed ""Bradburys"" because of the prominent signature of Sir John Bradbury, Permanent Secretary to the Treasury displayed on the notes. Britain returned to the gold standard in 1925, but the Bank of England was

Queen Elizabeth II agreed to allow the use of her portrait on the notes. The Series C £1 note was withdrawn on 31 May 1979. On 9 February 1978 the Series D design (known as the ""Pictorial Series"") featuring Sir Isaac Newton on the reverse was issued, but following the introduction on 21 April 1983 of the £1 coin, the note was withdrawn from circulation on 11 March 1988. The first Bank of England £5 note was issued in 1793 in response to the need for smaller denomination banknotes to replace gold coin during the French Revolutionary Wars. (Previously the

C ten shilling and £1 notes issued in 1960). The Series C £5 note was withdrawn on 31 August 1973. On 11 November 1971, the ""Series D"" pictorial £5 note was issued, showing a slightly older portrait of the Queen and a battle scene featuring the Duke of Wellington on the reverse. It was withdrawn on 29 November 1991. On 7 June 1990, the ""Series E"" £5 note, by now the smallest denomination issued by the Bank, was issued. The Series E note (known as the ""Historical Series"") changed the colour of the denomination to a turquoise blue, and incorporated

longer and narrower, and were the first ten-shilling notes to feature a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the front. The reverse design incorporated the logo of the Bank of England. In the late 1960s it was decided that future banknotes should feature a British historical figure on the reverse. The first such note was the series D £20 note, first issued in 1970, featuring William Shakespeare. A design for a ten-shilling note featuring Walter Raleigh on the reverse was approved in 1964 but was never issued. Instead, in 1969, as part of the process of decimalisation, a new fifty

how many medals did austria win in the 2011 alpine skiing world championships

"FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011"
in 1930, 1952, 1966, and 1982. Cross-country skiing was dominated by Norway; Marit Bjørgen won four gold and one silver, while Petter Northug won 3 gold and two silver. Canada, with Devon Kershaw and Alex Harvey took its first-ever victory with gold in the men's team sprint. Austria dominated the ski jumping, winning all five events: Thomas Morgenstern took three golds and one silver, Gregor Schlierenzauer won three golds, and Daniela Iraschko won the women's event. In the Nordic combined, Germany took four of the six individual medals, but lost both relays to Austria. In 2002, the Association for the

"2010–11 Alpine Skiing World Cup"
2010–11 Alpine Skiing World Cup The 45th World Cup season began on 23 October 2010, in Sölden, Austria, and concluded on 20 March 2011, at the World Cup finals in Lenzerheide, Switzerland. Being an odd-numbered year, the biennial World Championships took place in February. The 2011 World Championships were held between 8–20 February at Garmisch Classic in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Germany. The season saw the introduction of a new event to the World Cup, the city event. The race in parallel giant slalom took place in Munich, Germany. The overall titles were won by Maria Riesch of Germany and Ivica Kostelić

entered a deal where a Nissan dealership in Oslo supplied 33 vehicles during the test events. Switzerland's Simon Ammann, who won gold medals in both individual ski jumping events at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver the previous month, won the ski jumping test event on 14 March. Nordic combined has two test events that took place with the Norwegian team of Petter Tande, Mikko Kokslien, Jan Schmid and Magnus Moan winning the team event on the 13th while France's Jason Lamy Chappuis, gold medalist in the 10 km individual normal hill event at the 2010 Winter Olympics, won the

meant that Riesch won the title. 2010–11 Alpine Skiing World Cup The 45th World Cup season began on 23 October 2010, in Sölden, Austria, and concluded on 20 March 2011, at the World Cup finals in Lenzerheide, Switzerland. Being an odd-numbered year, the biennial World Championships took place in February. The 2011 World Championships were held between 8–20 February at Garmisch Classic in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Germany. The season saw the introduction of a new event to the World Cup, the city event. The race in parallel giant slalom took place in Munich, Germany. The overall titles were won by Maria

"2011 IFSC Climbing World Cup"
Anna Stöhr, for lead Jakob Schubert and Mina Markovic, for speed Lukasz Swirk and Edyta Ropek, and for combined Jakob Schubert and Mina Markovic, men and women respectively. The National Team for bouldering was France, for lead Austria, and for speed Russian Federation. In bouldering, at the World Cup in Vail, Kilian Fischhuber of Austria flashed all boulders in the final round to take the win. Then at the World Cup in Munich, Dmitrii Sharafutdinov of Russia also flashed all boulders in the final round to take the win. At the end of the season, Austrian athletes, Kilian Fischhuber and

"FIL World Luge Championships 2011"
FIL World Luge Championships 2011 The FIL World Luge Championships 2011 took place 28–30 January 2011 in Cesana, Italy at the Cesana Pariol bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track. A total of 19 countries competed. Germany's Felix Loch is the defending Olympic and world champion in this event. The event took place on 29 January at 15:00 CET. Zöggeler came from 0.057 seconds down after the first run to defeat defending world champion Loch by 0.021 seconds. It was the Italian's sixth world championship overall, but his first since the 2005 championships in Park City, Utah in the United States where

"Ski jumping at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Large hill team"
Games took place at Willingen, Germany on 7 February 2010 and was won by the German team of Michael Neumayer, Pascal Bodmer, Martin Schmitt, and Michael Uhrmann. The team trial round took place at 09:00 PST while the first and second rounds took place at 10:00 and 10:45 PST, respectively. Austria defended their Olympic title with Schlierenzauer and Loitzl replacing Widhölzl and Koch, respectively. Germany won the silver with Wank replacing Bodmer. Schlierenzauer's 145.0 meter jump was the longest in Olympic history, breaking the record that Switzerland's Simon Ammann had set in the large hill event two days earlier. The

of Croatia; both skiers winning their first overall crowns. Kostelić secured his overall victory several races before the end of the season while Riesch and Lindsey Vonn of the United States were close together before the finals at Lenzerheide, Switzerland. Riesch had a significant lead after the World Championship but Vonn caught up and took the lead before the last slalom race. Slovenia's Tina Maze won her first slalom in that race, Riesch's fourth place compared to Vonn's thirteenth gave her a three-point advantage. The cancellation of the last race – one of four to be cancelled at Lenzerheide –

"2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships – Downhill"
a crash in a training run the day before. 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships – Downhill The Downhill competitions of the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships was held at Kandahar Banchetta Giovanni N., in Sestriere, Italy on January 16. In the downhill visually impaired, the athlete with a visual impairement has a sighted guide. The two skiers are considered a team, and dual medals are awarded. In the downhill visually impaired, the athlete with a visual impairement has a sighted guide. The two skiers are considered a team, and dual medals are awarded. Great Britain's Talan Skeels-Piggins did

"2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships"
also available after the Championships as Video on Demand (VOD). They also added some interview clips to their YouTube channel. On January 15, the opening ceremony was held at the Palazzetto dello Sport in the town square of Sestriere, and included a series of performances by three dance couples. The dancers were to represent the people of the region. Among the dignitaries in attendance was the IPC President Sir Philip Craven. The men's events and the women's events were held at Kandahar Banchetta Giovanni N., in Sestriere. Visually impaired skiers compete with the help of a sighted guide. The skier

"Rapper's Delight"
Rapper's Delight ""Rapper's Delight"" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, ""Rapper's Delight"" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track interpolates Chic's ""Good Times"", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter

2004 by an ensemble of performers including Rodney P, Chester P, Kano, Simone, Yungun, Sway, J2K, Swiss, Baby Blue, Skibadee, Luke Skys, and MC D. In 2014 the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Rapper's Delight ""Rapper's Delight"" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, ""Rapper's Delight"" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the

in January 1980, number 1 on the Dutch Top 40, and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The single sold over 2 million copies in the United States, grossing US$3.5 million for Sugar Hill Records. In 1980, the song was the anchor of the group's first album ""The Sugarhill Gang"". It was the first Top 40 song to be available only as a 12-inch extended version in the U.S. Early pressings (very few) were released with a red label, with black print, on Sugar Hill Records, along with a 7"" 45rpm single (which is very rare). Later pressings had

want to record, as many practitioners believed the style was for live performances only. It is said that Robinson's son heard Big Bank Hank in a pizza place. According to Master Gee, Hank auditioned for Robinson in front of the pizza parlour where he worked, whilst Gee himself auditioned in Robinson's car. A live band was used to record most of the backing track, including members of the group ""Positive Force"": Albert Pittman, Bernard Roland, Moncy Smith, and Bryan Horton. Chip Shearin claimed in a 2010 interview that he was the bass player on the track. When aged 17, he

short version), and 3:55 (7"" shortened single version). In late 1978, Debbie Harry suggested that Chic's Nile Rodgers join her and Chris Stein at a hip hop event, which at the time was a communal space taken over by teenagers with boombox stereos playing various pieces of music that performers would break dance to. Rodgers experienced this event the first time himself at a high school in the Bronx. On September 20 and 21, 1978, Blondie and Chic were playing concerts with The Clash in New York at The Palladium. When Chic started playing ""Good Times"", rapper Fab Five Freddy

and the members of the Sugarhill Gang (""Big Bank Hank"" Jackson, Mike Wright, and ""Master Gee"" O'Brien), jumped up on stage and started freestyling with the band. A few weeks later, Rodgers was on the dance floor of New York club Leviticus and heard the DJ play a song which opened with Bernard Edwards's bass line from Chic's ""Good Times"". Rodgers approached the DJ who said he was playing a record he had just bought that day in Harlem. The song turned out to be an early version of ""Rapper's Delight"", which also included a scratched version of the song's

credits. ""Rapper's Delight"" is number 251 on the ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of ""The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"" and number 2 on VH1's ""100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs"". It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. It was preserved into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011. Songs on the National Recording Registry are ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" The song was recorded in a single take. There are three versions of the original version of the song: 14:35 (12"" long version), 6:30 (12""

"The Rapper"
Additionally, the single was covered by Wolfman Jack. Canadian hard rock trio Santers recorded the song for their 1981 debut album ""Shot Down In Flames"". The Rapper ""The Rapper"" is a song by The Jaggerz, written by band member Dominic Ierace, better known as Donnie Iris. Released as a single, it reached No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Pop Singles chart, behind Simon & Garfunkel's smash ""Bridge Over Troubled Water"" and it was certified Gold by the RIAA in 1970 (see 1970 in music) for selling over a million copies. (Iris later launched a solo career; his biggest such hit was

The Rapper ""The Rapper"" is a song by The Jaggerz, written by band member Dominic Ierace, better known as Donnie Iris. Released as a single, it reached No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Pop Singles chart, behind Simon & Garfunkel's smash ""Bridge Over Troubled Water"" and it was certified Gold by the RIAA in 1970 (see 1970 in music) for selling over a million copies. (Iris later launched a solo career; his biggest such hit was ""Ah! Leah!"") The song is addressed to a girl, or girls in general; it describes the method of a man who seduces women with untruths

"Don Trip"
Don Trip Christopher Don Wallace better known professionally as Don Trip, is an American rapper. A pioneer of the Memphis sound, he’s put out a consistent stream of mixtapes, albums, and projects since the mid-2000s. Don Trip first started to break out in 2011, with the re-release of his song ""Letter to my Son"" featuring Cee Lo Green. This eventually led to his signing to Interscope in 2012, and being named an XXL Freshman later that year. After being dropped from the label, he managed to find further success as an independent artist with his critically acclaimed series of mixtapes

"Flash (comics)"
The various incarnations of the Flash also feature in animated series such as """", ""Justice League"", """" and ""Young Justice"", as well as the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. The Flash first appeared in the Golden Age ""Flash Comics"" #1 (January 1940), from All-American Publications, one of three companies that would eventually merge to form DC Comics. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, this Flash was Jay Garrick, a college student who gained his speed through the inhalation of hard water vapors. When re-introduced in the 1960s Garrick's origin was modified slightly, gaining his powers through

Flash (comics) The Flash (or simply Flash) is the name of several superheroes appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, the original Flash first appeared in ""Flash Comics"" #1 (cover date January 1940/release month November 1939). Nicknamed the ""Scarlet Speedster"", all incarnations of the Flash possess ""super speed"", which includes the ability to run, move, and think extremely fast, use superhuman reflexes, and seemingly violate certain laws of physics. Thus far, at least four different characters—each of whom somehow gained the power of ""the speed force""—have assumed the mantle of

brutally enforced by Captain Cold. Such ""rules"" include ""no drugs"" and, except in very dire situations or on unique occasions, ""no killing"". Flash (comics) The Flash (or simply Flash) is the name of several superheroes appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, the original Flash first appeared in ""Flash Comics"" #1 (cover date January 1940/release month November 1939). Nicknamed the ""Scarlet Speedster"", all incarnations of the Flash possess ""super speed"", which includes the ability to run, move, and think extremely fast, use superhuman reflexes, and seemingly violate certain laws of

Top 5 Flash Villains list in 2015. Tom Cavanagh and Matt Letscher have portrayed the character on various television series set within The CW's live-action Arrowverse. Created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino, Eobard Thawne made his debut in ""The Flash"" #139 (September 1963) as Professor Zoom and in """" #1 (December 2009) as the Black Flash. Eobard Thawne found a time capsule in the 25th century containing a costume of the Flash (Barry Allen) and with a Tachyon device amplified the suit's speed energy, giving himself speedster abilities. Reversing the costume's colors, he adopted the moniker of ""Professor Zoom""

"Flash (Jay Garrick)"
in San Francisco with Conner Kent/Superboy, Speedy, Blue Beetle, Miss Martian & Zan and Jayna as his students. He also had his leg fixed and regained full use of his speed powers, though he is seen wearing a brace when out in the field. Flash (Jay Garrick) Jay Garrick is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the first superhero known as the Flash. The character was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert. He first appeared in ""Flash Comics #1"" (1940). After a bizarre laboratory accident, he acquired the ability

"Wally West"
Wally West Wally West is a fictional superhero that appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the Third Flash and the first Kid Flash. His power consists mainly of superhuman speed. He made his first appearance as the Kid Flash in the ""Flash #110"" in 1959. Barry Allen dies in the crossover ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"" #8 (Nov. 1985), and Wally took up the mantle of the Flash in ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"" #12 (Mar. 1986), holding that role until 2009 in DC's main lineup. His physical appearance is generally a redhead with green eyes, and

"The Flash (comic book)"
of Barry Allen and Jay Garrick's shadows. Waid and artist Mike Wieringo introduced Impulse in issue #92 (July 1994). Wally West married Linda Park in issue #142 (October 1998). When writer Geoff Johns stepped aboard with issue #164 (September 2000), he refocused the character on some of the Silver Age aspects by spending single issues on building the psychology of the various Rogues. Johns created Zoom, the third of the Reverse-Flashes, and fleshed out the environmental character of Keystone City in an attempt to make it unique in comparison to other fictional DC cities such as Metropolis or Gotham City.

issue #350. Allen's life had become considerably confused in the early 1980s, and DC elected to end his adventures and pass the mantle on to another character. Allen died heroically in ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"" #8 (1985). Thanks to his ability to travel through time, he would continue to appear occasionally in the years to come. The third Flash was Wally West, introduced in ""The Flash"" (vol. 1) #110 (Dec. 1959) as Kid Flash. West, Allen's nephew by marriage, gained the Flash's powers through an accident identical to Allen's. Adopting the identity of Kid Flash, he maintained membership in the

Flash (Barry Allen) The Flash (Bartholomew Henry Allen) is a superhero who appears in comics published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in ""Showcase"" #4 (October 1956), created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciler Carmine Infantino. Barry Allen is a reinvention of a previous character called the Flash, who appeared in 1940s comic books as the character Jay Garrick. His power consists mainly of superhuman speed. Various other effects are also attributed to his ability to control the speed of molecular vibrations, including his ability to vibrate at speed to pass through objects. The Flash wears a distinct red

1956, DC Comics successfully revived superheroes, ushering in what became known as the Silver Age of comic books. Rather than bringing back the same Golden Age heroes, DC rethought them as new characters for the modern age. The Flash was the first revival, in the tryout comic book ""Showcase"" #4 (Oct. 1956). This new Flash was (Barry Allen), a police scientist who gained super-speed when bathed by chemicals after a shelf of them was struck by lightning. He adopted the name ""The Scarlet Speedster"" after reading a comic book featuring the Golden Age Flash. After several more appearances in ""Showcase"",

"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
How Can You Mend a Broken Heart ""How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"" is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and was the lead and first single on the group's 1971 album ""Trafalgar"". It was their first US No. 1 single and also reached No. 1 in ""Cashbox"" magazine for two weeks. In the US Atco Records issued both mono and stereo versions of the song on each side as a promo single. The B-side was a Maurice Gibb composition ""Country Woman"". The song appears in the

in 2001. How Can You Mend a Broken Heart ""How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"" is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and was the lead and first single on the group's 1971 album ""Trafalgar"". It was their first US No. 1 single and also reached No. 1 in ""Cashbox"" magazine for two weeks. In the US Atco Records issued both mono and stereo versions of the song on each side as a promo single. The B-side was a Maurice Gibb composition ""Country Woman"". The song appears

co-writer of the song, for both the ""Ultimate"" CD and DVD, and it was credited to the moniker Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. The song was recorded on 28 January 1971 in London same day as ""We Lost the Road"", ""When Do I"", ""If I Were the Sky"", ""Bring Out the Thoughts in Me"" and ""Ellan Vannin"". The group's later song ""My World"" followed along the same musical ideas on this song. Robin Gibb's remarked on the song, ""The whole thing took about an hour to complete. The song reached the number one spot, to our great satisfaction."" The song

Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo Or Group among George Harrison's ""My Sweet Lord"" and others. It was performed as part of a medley on ""The Midnight Special"" on October 10, 1975, in Japan on the Japanese TV special ""Love Sounds"", and on the ""Mr. Natural"" tour in 1974. A live version recorded on 17–18 Nov 1989 at the National Tennis Centre, Melbourne, Australia was used for the benefit album """". In 1997-1999, the song was performed on the ""One Night Only"" tour as part of a medley. It was last performed by the Bee Gees

was sung live for the first time in 1971, in a performance that was notable as drummer Geoff Bridgford's first appearance with the band. Although failing to chart on the UK Singles Chart, the song became the Bee Gees' first US number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and also reached number four on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 5 song for 1971. In Spain, it was released under the title ""Cómo Puedes Arreglar Un Corazón Destrozada"". Following the release of ""How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"", the song was nominated for a

those two songs were recorded that night"". They originally offered the song to Andy Williams, but ended up recording it themselves, although Williams himself covered the song on his album ""You've Got a Friend"". Barry also explains, ""We might imitate a certain group, later on, the group will pick up on the song and say that suits us."" Maurice Gibb possibly had a hand in the writing of ""How Can You Mend A Broken Heart"" although the song is officially credited to Barry and Robin Gibb. The 2009 release ""Ultimate Bee Gees"" officially credited Maurice for the first time as

2013 film ""American Hustle"" and on its soundtrack. Barry and Robin Gibb wrote the song in August 1970 with ""Lonely Days"" when the Gibb brothers had reconvened following a period of break-up and alienation. ""Robin came to my place,"" says Barry, ""and that afternoon we wrote 'How Can You Mend a Broken Heart' and that obviously was a link to us coming back together. We called Maurice, finished the song, went to the studio and once again, with only 'Broken Heart' as a basic structure, we went in to the studio with that and an idea for 'Lonely Days', and

"A Broken Heart Can Mend"
& Tracks. A Broken Heart Can Mend ""A Broken Heart Can Mend"" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the third single from the singer's self-titled debut solo album, ""Alexander O'Neal"" (1985). Following the moderately successful chart performances of the ""Alexander O'Neal"" singles ""Innocent"", and ""If You Were Here Tonight"", ""A Broken Heart Can Mend"" was released as the album's third single. Alexander O'Neal's 3rd hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, the single reached #62 on Billboard's Hot

A Broken Heart Can Mend ""A Broken Heart Can Mend"" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the third single from the singer's self-titled debut solo album, ""Alexander O'Neal"" (1985). Following the moderately successful chart performances of the ""Alexander O'Neal"" singles ""Innocent"", and ""If You Were Here Tonight"", ""A Broken Heart Can Mend"" was released as the album's third single. Alexander O'Neal's 3rd hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, the single reached #62 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles

"How Can I Ease the Pain"
How Can I Ease the Pain ""How Can I Ease the Pain"" is a song by American singer Lisa Fischer, from her album ""So Intense"". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden and Louis Biancaniello. The hit song spent two weeks at number-one on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was sampled by rap group Three 6 Mafia for their hit ""Late Nite Tip"". In 1992 the single won a Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Female and it also won a 1992 Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. The song also peaked

"2017 Stanley Cup Finals"
2017 Stanley Cup Finals The 2017 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2016–17 season, and the culmination of the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion and defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Western Conference champion Nashville Predators, four games to two. Penguins captain Sidney Crosby was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs for the second consecutive year. The Penguins won the Stanley Cup in their opponent's rink, just like they did the previous four times. During the regular season, the Penguins finished

"2017 Stanley Cup playoffs"
2017 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 12, 2017, after the 2016–17 regular season and concluded on June 11, 2017, with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year. The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points (i.e. best record) during the regular season. The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989–90 season,

"2016 Stanley Cup Finals"
2016 Stanley Cup Finals The 2016 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2015–16 season, and the culmination of the 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Western Conference champion San Jose Sharks four games to two to win their fourth championship in franchise history (winning the clinching game of all four on the road). Penguins captain Sidney Crosby was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs. The Penguins finished ahead of the Sharks during the regular season, giving them home ice advantage

the Columbus Blue Jackets as the only team that has never made it to the Conference Finals, after the Winnipeg Jets beat the Predators in the 2018 Western Conference Second Round to make it to the Conference Finals. This was the second playoff meeting between these teams; their only previous series was in the 2006 Western Conference Finals, which Edmonton won in five games. Edmonton won three of the five games in this year's regular season series. The Ducks defeated the Oilers in seven games. In the first game, Mark Letestu scored twice and Leon Draisaitl had a goal and

Kessel led the team in assists with 47. In the playoffs, the Penguins defeated the Columbus Blue Jackets in five games, eliminated the Presidents' Trophy-winning Washington Capitals for a second consecutive year, this time in seven games, and edged the Ottawa Senators in seven games in the Eastern Conference Finals after Chris Kunitz scored in double overtime of Game 7. This was Nashville's first Stanley Cup Finals appearance in its 19-year history. During the offseason, Nashville traded defenceman and long-time team captain Shea Weber to Montreal for defenceman P. K. Subban, and during the regular season, traded for forwards Cody

TVA Sports. Rogers agreed not to schedule games on CBC for the first four Sunday nights of the playoffs, so that the network could broadcast """", a documentary series it had commissioned as part of programming commemorating the 150th anniversary of Canadian confederation. 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 12, 2017, after the 2016–17 regular season and concluded on June 11, 2017, with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year. The

103 points. The New York Rangers finished as the Eastern Conference's first wild-card, earning 102 points. This was the sixteenth playoff meeting between these two teams with New York winning eight of the fifteen previous series. They last met in the 2014 Eastern Conference Finals, which New York won in six games. Montreal won all three games in this year's regular season series. The Rangers eliminated the Canadiens in six games. In the first game of the series, Tanner Glass and Michael Grabner scored the only goals of the games as the Rangers won the game 2–0 on Henrik Lundqvist's

Radio network. In Canada, the series aired on CBC Television (through ""Hockey Night in Canada"", as produced by Sportsnet through a brokerage agreement) in English, and TVA Sports in French. 2016 Stanley Cup Finals The 2016 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2015–16 season, and the culmination of the 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Western Conference champion San Jose Sharks four games to two to win their fourth championship in franchise history (winning the clinching game of all four on the road). Penguins captain Sidney Crosby

second in the league with 111 points, which gave them home ice advantage in the series. The series began on May 29 and concluded on June 11. The Penguins made their second consecutive Finals appearance, marking the third time in their history they had done this, following their appearances in – and –. This was the first time since 2009, a rematch between the Penguins and Detroit Red Wings, that any team appeared in consecutive Finals. The Penguins also became the first team since the Red Wings (in and ) to win the Stanley Cup in consecutive years. This marked

meeting was the 2015 Western Conference First Round, which Minnesota won in six games. St. Louis won three of the five games in this year's regular season series. The Blues defeated the Wild in five games. St. Louis won the first game of the series 2–1 17:48 into overtime from Joel Edmundson's wrist shot after the Wild tied the game in the final minute of the game, Jake Allen made 51 saves in the process. In game two, Jaden Schwartz scored the game-winner with 2:27 left in the third period, giving the Blues another 2–1 victory over the Wild. The

when did the continental congress vote to adopt the declaration of independence

Empire. The signers’ names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south. The final draft of the Declaration was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, although the date of its signing has long been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed on August 2, 1776, nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, with 12 of the 13 colonies voting

""Plan of Union"" which suggested that an American legislative body be formed with some authority, whose consent would be required for imperial measures. In the end, the voices of compromise carried the day. Rather than calling for independence, the First Continental Congress passed and signed the Continental Association in its Declaration and Resolves, which called for a boycott of British goods to take effect in December 1774. It requested that local Committees of Safety enforce the boycott and regulate local prices for goods. These resolutions adopted by the Congress did not endorse any legal power of Parliament to regulate trade,

all hang separately."" The quotation did not appear in print until more than 50 years after Franklin's death. Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ""United States of America,"" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war

Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ""United States of America,"" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British

in April 1775. The Second Continental Congress convened at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia in May 1775, and some delegates hoped for eventual independence, but no one yet advocated declaring it. Many colonists no longer believed that Parliament had any sovereignty over them, yet they still professed loyalty to King George, who they hoped would intercede on their behalf. They were disappointed in late 1775 when the king rejected Congress's second petition, issued a Proclamation of Rebellion, and announced before Parliament on October 26 that he was considering ""friendly offers of foreign assistance"" to suppress the rebellion. A pro-American

the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. The Declaration was transposed on paper, adopted by the Continental Congress, and signed by John Hancock, President of the Congress, on July 4, 1776, according to the 1911 record of events by the U.S. State Department under Secretary Philander C. Knox. On August 2, 1776, a parchment paper copy of the Declaration was signed by 56 persons. Many of these signers were not present when the original Declaration was adopted

United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,

First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament, which the British referred to as the Coercive Acts, with which the British intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end,

they were split between those who sought legislative equality with Britain and those who instead favored independence and a break from the Crown and its excesses. On October 26, 1774, the First Continental Congress adjourned; but it agreed to reconvene in May 1775, if Parliament still had not addressed their grievances. In London, Parliament debated the merits of meeting the demands made by the colonies; however, it took no official notice of Congress's petitions and addresses. On November 30, 1774, King George III opened Parliament with a speech condemning Massachusetts and the Suffolk Resolves. At that point it became clear

"Launch Services Program"
was established at Kennedy Space Center for NASA's acquisition and program management of ELV missions. A NASA/contractor team is in place to meet the mission of the Launch Services Program, which exists to provide leadership, expertise and cost-effective services in the commercial arena to satisfy Agency wide space transportation requirements and maximize the opportunity for mission success. Primary launch sites are Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Florida, and Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in California. Other launch locations are NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, Reagan Test Site at Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,

"US Orbital Segment"
US Orbital Segment The US Orbital Segment (USOS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed and operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The segment currently consists of eleven pressurized components and various external elements, all of which were delivered by the Space Shuttle. The segment is monitored and controlled from various mission control centers around the world including Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, Columbus Control Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, Tsukuba Space

"Space Shuttle"
25 specially designed vehicles and 150 trained engineers and technicians approached the orbiter. Purge and vent lines were attached to remove toxic gases from fuel lines and the cargo bay about 45–60 minutes after landing. A flight surgeon boarded the orbiter for initial medical checks of the crew before disembarking. Once the crew left the orbiter, responsibility for the vehicle was handed from the Johnson Space Center back to the Kennedy Space Center. If the mission ended at Edwards Air Force Base in California, White Sands Space Harbor in New Mexico, or any of the runways the orbiter might use

"NASA facilities"
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), is one of the best known NASA facilities. It has been the launch site for every United States human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on pause, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for America's civilian space program from three pads at the adjoining Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Its iconic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is the fourth-largest structure in the world by volume and was the largest when completed in 1965. Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest

in an emergency, the orbiter was loaded atop the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a modified 747, for transport back to the Kennedy Space Center, landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility. Once at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the orbiter was then towed along a tow-way and access roads normally used by tour buses and KSC employees to the Orbiter Processing Facility where it began a months-long preparation process for the next mission. NASA preferred Space Shuttle landings to be at Kennedy Space Center. If weather conditions made landing there unfavorable, the Shuttle could delay its landing until conditions are favorable, touch down

"Space Shuttle orbiter"
Orbiter nearly always landed at either Edwards Air Force Base (California) or at the Kennedy Space Center Shuttle Landing Facility (Florida), although one mission – STS-3 – landed at the White Sands Space Harbor in New Mexico. Similar special clearances (no-fly zones) were also in effect at potential emergency landing sites, such as in Spain and in West Africa during all launches. When an orbiter landing was carried out at night, the runway was always strongly illuminated with light from floodlights and spotlights on the ground, making landing lights on the orbiter unnecessary and also an unneeded spaceflight weight load.

"SpaceX launch facilities"
that 'no impacts would occur' that would force the Federal Aviation Administration to deny SpaceX a permit for rocket operations near Brownsville."" SpaceX broke ground on the new spaceport in 2014, then indicating that the first launches from the facility would occur no earlier than 2016. Foundation and subsoil issues at the site subsequently resulted in moving that planning date out into 2018 as of early 2016, and to ""late 2018"" by September 2016. SpaceX originally intended to launch their first launch vehicle, the Falcon 1, from Space Launch Complex 3 West (SLC-3W) at Vandenberg Air Force Base. SLC-3W was

"Kennedy Space Center"
Kennedy Space Center The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, Kennedy Space Center has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own

"Shuttle Landing Facility"
World Record for the Fastest Standing Mile-Street Car when his Ford GT broke the barrier, setting the record at . In 2014, the Hennessey Venom GT recorded a top speed of . Shuttle Landing Facility The Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) is an airport located on Merritt Island in Brevard County, Florida, USA. It is a part of the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and was used by NASA's Space Shuttle for landing until the program's end in 2011. It was also used for takeoffs and landings for NASA training jets such as the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and for civilian

"Space Shuttle Columbia"
Angeles. ""Columbia"" was named after the American sloop ""Columbia Rediviva"" which, from 1787 to 1793, under the command of Captain Robert Gray, explored the US Pacific Northwest and became the first American vessel to circumnavigate the globe. It is also named after the Command Module of Apollo 11, the first manned landing on another celestial body. ""Columbia"" was also the female symbol of the United States. After construction, the orbiter arrived at Kennedy Space Center on March 25, 1979, to prepare for its first launch. ""Columbia"" was originally scheduled to lift off in late 1979, however the launch date was

a country having an island location and a country having continental location

"Island country"
other countries, such as the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland; Haiti and the Dominican Republic; and Indonesia, which shares islands with Papua New Guinea, Brunei, East Timor, and Malaysia. Geographically, the country of Australia is considered a continental landmass rather than an island, covering the largest landmass of the Australian continent. In the past, however, it was considered an island country for tourism purposes (among others) and is sometimes referred to as such. Island country An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46

"Geographic contiguity"
Geographic contiguity Geographic contiguity is the characteristic in geography of political or geographical land divisions, as a group, not being interrupted by other land or water. Such divisions are referred to as being ""contiguous."" In the United States, for example, the ""48 contiguous states"" excludes Hawaii and Alaska, which do not share borders with other U.S. states. Other examples of geographical contiguity might include the ""contiguous European Union"" excluding member states such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Malta and Cyprus (these being non-contiguous), or the ""contiguous United Kingdom"" referring to all parts of the country excepting Northern Ireland

"Enclave and exclave"
""Technically, Portugal, Denmark, and Canada also border only one foreign state, but they are not enclosed in the geographical, political, or economic sense. They have vast access to international waters. At the same time, there are states that, although in possession of sea access, are still enclosed by the territories of a foreign state."" Therefore, a quantitative principle applies: ""the land boundary must be longer than the coastline."" Thus a state is classified as a ""sovereign semi-enclave"" if it borders on just one state, and its land boundary is longer than its sea coastline. Vinokurov affirms that ""no similar quantitative

with electoral geography and politics. Geographic contiguity Geographic contiguity is the characteristic in geography of political or geographical land divisions, as a group, not being interrupted by other land or water. Such divisions are referred to as being ""contiguous."" In the United States, for example, the ""48 contiguous states"" excludes Hawaii and Alaska, which do not share borders with other U.S. states. Other examples of geographical contiguity might include the ""contiguous European Union"" excluding member states such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Malta and Cyprus (these being non-contiguous), or the ""contiguous United Kingdom"" referring to all parts of

Isthmus
straits. Major isthmuses include the Isthmus of Panama and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the Americas, the Isthmus of Kra in South-East Asia, the Isthmus of Suez between Africa and Asia, and the Karelian Isthmus in Europe. Isthmus An isthmus ( or ; plural: isthmuses; from ) is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus. Canals are often built across isthmuses, where they may be

Enclave and exclave An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state. Territorial waters have the same sovereign attributes as land, and enclaves may therefore exist within territorial waters. An exclave is a portion of a state or territory geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory (of one or more states). Many exclaves are also enclaves. ""Enclave"" is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Vatican City and San Marino, enclaved by Italy, and Lesotho, enclaved

include: Lists: Enclave and exclave An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state. Territorial waters have the same sovereign attributes as land, and enclaves may therefore exist within territorial waters. An exclave is a portion of a state or territory geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory (of one or more states). Many exclaves are also enclaves. ""Enclave"" is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Vatican City and San Marino, enclaved by Italy, and

"Faial Island"
Faial Island Faial Island (), also known in English as Fayal, is a Portuguese island of the Central Group (Portuguese: ""Grupo Central"") of the Azores. The Capelinhos Volcano, the westernmost point of the island, might as well be the westernmost point of Europe, if the Monchique Islet, near Flores Island, is considered part of North America, for it sits on the North American Plate. With its nearest neighbours, Pico (east across the channel) and São Jorge (northeast across the channel), it forms an area commonly known as the ""Triângulo"" (English: ""Triangle""). The island has also been referred to as the

"Exonym and endonym"
the French language exonym, and is the endonym for the same country in Europe. Marcel Aurousseau, an Australian geographer, first used the term exonym in his work ""The Rendering of Geographical Names"" (1957). The term ""endonym"" was devised subsequently as an antonym for the term ""exonym"". All four of the terms (exonym, endonym, autonym and xenonym) are from the Greek root word (), 'name'. The prefixes are from the Greek (), 'within'; (), 'self'; (), 'out'; and (), 'foreign'. Exonyms and endonyms can be names of places (toponym), ethnic groups (ethnonym), languages (glossonym), or individuals (personal name). As pertains to

true enclaves since, in all cases, the host country retains full sovereignty. In addition to embassies, some other areas enjoy a limited form of extraterritoriality. Examples of this include: One or more parcels/holdings of land in most countries is owned by other countries. Most instances are exempt from taxes. In the special case of embassies/consulates these enjoy special privileges driven by international consensus particularly the mutual wish to ensure free diplomatic missions, such as being exempt from major hindrances and host-country arrests in ordinary times on the premises. Most non-embassy lands in such ownership are also not enclaves as fall

"Craig Williams (jockey)"
Craig Williams (jockey) Craig Williams (born 23 May 1977) is an Australian jockey. He has won multiple group one races in Australia and worldwide. In 2011, Williams came close to being the first jockey in history to achieve a unique Australian horse racing triple, in winning the Caulfield Cup, Cox Plate and Melbourne Cup. After winning the first two on Southern Speed and Pinker Pinker respectively, Williams was suspended for careless riding during the 2011 Bendigo Cup. The horse he was scheduled to ride in the Melbourne Cup, Dunaden, went on to win with last-minute replacement jockey Christophe Lemaire on

"2014 Melbourne Cup"
oldest in the race's history, with an average age of 6.8 years. Unusually, only two horses in the race were bred in Australia, though a majority of trainers and jockeys were from Australia. Jockeys Glyn and Chad Schofield became the first father and son in the race since 1968, when George and Gary Moore both rode. Sea Moon was scratched the day before the race, after suffering from an ailment. English horse Cavalryman was scratched on the morning of the race due to foreleg swelling. † ""Indicates race favourite"" Race favourite Admire Rakti placed last and died shortly after the

"2010 Melbourne Cup"
2010 Melbourne Cup The 2010 Melbourne Cup, the 150th running of Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race, was held on Tuesday, 2 November 2010 at 3:00 PM. local time (0400 UTC). It was won by Americain, a French-trained horse who had won the Geelong Cup at his only other Australian start. Second placing went to the lightly raced Lexus Stakes winner Maluckyday, while third placing went to dual Cox Plate winner and short-priced favourite So You Think. The official winning time was 3:26.87 with the margins of 2.8 lengths and 0.5 lengths back to third. The race was run on

Jeune
Jeune Jeune (29 March 1989 – 4 January 2006) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who raced in England and Australia and is best known for winning the prestigious Melbourne Cup in 1994. He was a muscular chestnut stallion who sometimes raced in pacifiers. He had an aversion towards wet ground and was most effective on ground which was at least dead. Reasonably well-bred and bred for stamina, Jeune was by Kalaglow out of Youthful, by Green Dancer. He began his racing career in Europe, becoming a Group Two winner over a mile and a half, as well as running several

2014 Melbourne Cup The 2014 Emirates Melbourne Cup was the 154th running of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres, was held on 4 November 2014, at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Protectionist, ridden by Ryan Moore and trained by German Andreas Wöhler, won the race by four lengths, becoming the first German-trained winner of the Melbourne Cup. Red Cadeaux placed second and Who Shot Thebarman third, with Red Cadeaux the first horse to place second on three occasions. The total prize money for the race was A$6.2 million, with the winner receiving

"2012 Melbourne Cup"
(winner of the 2011 race), and Red Cadeaux (second in the 2011 race), with Dunaden having won the 2012 Caulfield Cup, considered an important lead-up race. With Glencadam Gold leading for most of the race, Green Moon pulled clear in the final straight, and eventually won in 3 minutes, 20.45 seconds, with Fiorente a length behind in second place, and Jakkalberry in third. Ethiopia finished last, 63 lengths behind the winner, having injured a tendon during the race. Green Moon's win was the first in the cup for both the horse's jockey, Brett Prebble, and trainer, Robert Hickmott, and the

Lloyd Williams (businessman) Lloyd J. Williams (born c. 1940) is an Australian property developer and businessperson, with significant interests in thoroughbred horse racing. In 2012 ""Forbes Asia"" assessed his net worth as . He holds the record as a thoroughbred owner to have won the Melbourne Cup on the most occasions, including in 2017 with the horse, Rekindling. Williams was educated at Xavier College, Melbourne. He is the founder of Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex, established in 1994, located in Melbourne, Victoria. Crown is Australia's largest casino and one of the largest single casinos in the world. In 1999, Williams

"2008 Melbourne Cup"
2008 Melbourne Cup The 2008 Melbourne Cup, the 148th running of Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race, was run on Tuesday, 4 November 2008, starting at 3:00 pm local time (0400 UTC). It was won by Viewed. On 3 December 2008, Luca Cumani, trainer of second-place Bauer, announced that an inquiry was underway into treatment Bauer received on the Thursday prior to the race. The treatment was a form of physio therapy that is illegal to administer within 7 days of a race; as a result of the treatment, Bauer could have been stripped of his second place. However, Racing

"2011 Melbourne Cup"
2011 Melbourne Cup The 2011 Emirates Melbourne Cup, the 151st running of Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race, was held on Tuesday, 1 November 2011 at 3:00 pm (AEDT), at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse. Dunaden won in a photo finish over Red Cadeaux in the closest finish in Melbourne Cup history. The winning jockey, Frenchman Christophe Lemaire, had arrived in Australia less than a day previously as a late replacement for Craig Williams. Six out of seven finishers were international horses. Third placed Lucas Cranach was the best locally trained finisher and fourth placed was the pre-race favourite, the 2010 winner,

Saintly
Saintly Saintly (21 September 1992 – 16 December 2016) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse who was named Australia's champion racehorse in 1997. A giant chestnut gelding by Sky Chase out of All Grace (by Sir Tristram), he was bred by his trainer, Bart Cummings, who owned him in partnership with a Malaysian businessman, Dato Tan Chin Nam. In 2017 Saintly was inducted to the Australian Racing Hall of Fame. Saintly gained the moniker 'The horse from heaven' due to his name and his partnership with jockey Darren Beadman, who at the time was a proclaimed born-again Christian. Saintly broke his

"FC Bayern Munich"
consecutive Champions League matches with a 3–1 away victory over CSKA Moscow. On 21 December 2013, Bayern beat Raja Casablanca 2–0 at the Stade de Marrakech to win the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup. After almost a year of investigations against Uli Hoeneß, Bayern's former player, former long-time general manager, and president at the time, he was convicted of tax evasion on 13 March 2014. Hoeneß resigned as president the next day, and Karl Hopfner was elected president on 2 May. Just days after Hoeneß conviction, on 25 March, Bayern won their 24th Bundesliga title by beating Hertha BSC 3–1

"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions"
six titles in a row was claimed), but defeated by Spanish opposition in the later stages of the Champions League (falling to winners Barcelona in 2015, to runners-up Atlético Madrid in 2016 – in the clubs' first meeting since the 1974 final – and to winners Real Madrid in both 2017 and 2018). Thomas Müller's Champions League goal tally stood at 42 by the end of 2017–18, a club record in that competition ahead of Lewandowski but some way behind namesake Gerd's overall total of 67 in all competitions. Bayern had another player to add to their list of World

Dortmund at Wembley Stadium. On 1 June 2013, Bayern beat VfB Stuttgart 3–2 in the 2013 DFB-Pokal final to become the first German club in men's football to complete the treble; Bayern had missed out on trebles in 1999 and 2010. On 1 July 2013, Pep Guardiola took over as manager ahead of the 2013–14 season. Bayern also completed the signing of Mario Götze from Borussia Dortmund for €37 million, who became the most expensive German player in history (this was later surpassed by Mesut Özil's transfer from Real Madrid to Arsenal for €50 million). On 24 July 2013, it

not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three times in a row (1974–1976). Overall, Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs

Bayern's kit sponsor since 1974. Adidas extended their sponsorship with Bayern on 29 April 2015. The sponsorship deal runs until the end of the 2029–30 season. The premium partners are Audi, Allianz, HypoVereinsbank, GoodYear, Qatar Airways, Siemens, Paulaner Brewery, SAP, DHL, Hamad International Airport and Tipico. Gold sponsors are Coca-Cola, MAN, Procter & Gamble. Classic sponsors are Apple Music, Bayern 3, Beats Electronics, EA Sports, Gigaset, Hugo Boss, Courtyard by Marriott, Veuve Clicquot, and Adelholzener. In previous years the jersey rights were held by Adidas (1974–78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco (1978–84), Commodore (1984–89) and Opel (1989–2002). Bayern is an exception

wore a ""Rotwein"" coloured home kits in Bundesliga matches between 2001 and 2003, and during the 2006–07 Champions League campaign, in reference to their first choice colours prior to the late 1960s. The club's away kit has had a wide range of colours over the years, including white, black, blue, and gold-green. Bayern also features a distinct international kit. During the 2013–14 season, Bayern used an all red home kit with a Bavarian flag diamond watermark pattern, a ""Lederhosen"" inspired white and black ""Oktoberfest"" away kit, and an all navy blue international kit. In the 1980s and 1990s, Bayern used

Dortmund have competed against each other for many Bundesliga titles. They also have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The 2–5 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a DFB-Pokal final. Bayern and Dortmund have also played against each other in the DFL-Supercup in 1989, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. The height of the competition between the two clubs was when Bayern defeated Dortmund 2–1 in the final of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid, A.C. Milan, and

of Manchester City and was replaced by Carlo Ancelotti. Bayern got off to a good start under Ancelotti, defeating Dortmund 2–0 in the 2016 DFL-Supercup. Despite being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the Champions League by Real Madrid and the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal by Borussia Dortmund, they managed to clinch a fifth consecutive Bundesliga title with three matches remaining following a 6–0 away win over VfL Wolfsburg. Ancelotti was sacked by Bayern on 28 September 2017 and replaced by interim manager Willy Sagnol, following a 3–0 loss to Paris Saint-Germain in the 2017–18 Champions League group stage and a

two terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker, while Jupp Heynckes had four separate spells as manager, including one as caretaker manager. Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundesliga titles, two DFB cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign. On 6 October 2017,

was reported that Bayern had become the first German club with over 200,000 members. On 27 July 2013, Bayern Munich lost against rivals Borussia Dortmund 2–4 in the 2013 DFL-Supercup at Signal Iduna Park. On 30 August 2013, Bayern won the UEFA Super Cup against Chelsea. On 9 November 2013, Bayern set a new record for most successive Bundesliga matches without defeat, breaking Hamburger SV's 30-year-old record of 36 matches. This record was eventually extended to 53 matches, before Bayern lost 1–0 to FC Augsburg in April 2014. On 27 November 2013, Bayern became the first team to win ten

"What I Like About You (song)"
What I Like About You (song) ""What I Like About You"" is a song by American rock band The Romantics. The song, written by Romantics members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band's self-titled debut album (1980), and was also released as a single. Marinos, the band's drummer, is the lead vocalist on the song. The band filmed a music video for the song that appeared frequently on MTV during the early 1980s. ""What I Like About You"" was written by Palmar, Marinos and Skill around a guitar part by Skill. The song's

footage from the group's performance at The Forum near Los Angeles, as well behind-the-scenes clips and shots of the audience. What I Like About You (song) ""What I Like About You"" is a song by American rock band The Romantics. The song, written by Romantics members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band's self-titled debut album (1980), and was also released as a single. Marinos, the band's drummer, is the lead vocalist on the song. The band filmed a music video for the song that appeared frequently on MTV during the early 1980s.

""Hey, uh-huh-huh"" refrain was influenced by The Yardbirds' ""Over Under Sideways Down"" and Chuck Berry's ""Back in the U.S.A."". The song's riff is slightly similar to Neil Diamond's ""Cherry, Cherry"", The Standells 1966 hit ""Dirty Water"", and Joe Jackson's 1979 single ""I'm the Man"". The Romantics recorded the song and the accompanying album at Coconuts Recording Studio in Miami Beach, Florida. When first released, ""What I Like About You"" was already a popular song on the Romantics' concert playlist. In terms of record sales and radio airplay, however, the song was only a moderate success at the time of its

release, reaching only number 49 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song did quite well in Australia however, reaching number two on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report) on its initial release. It was only towards the end of the 1980s, after the song had been licensed for use in television commercials for Budweiser beer, that ""What I Like About You"" grew to become one of the most popular rock anthems of all time. In November 2007, The Romantics filed a federal lawsuit against Activision, the publisher of "","" claiming that the video game manufacturer had infringed on the

"The Thing I Like"
The Thing I Like ""The Thing I Like"" is a song recorded in 1993 by American singer Aaliyah. It was released on the soundtrack for the action-comedy film ""A Low Down Dirty Shame"" (1994) and the international version of Aaliyah's debut studio album ""Age Ain't Nothing but a Number"" (1994). It was released as the album's fifth single in Europe in 1995. Written and produced by R. Kelly, the song features a rap verse from himself. Its lyrics are about a girl's love for a man because of the one ""thing she likes"" about him. ""The Thing I Like"" was

"What I Like About You (TV series)"
and Lauren - were never given last names. Jeff was also never given a last name, although in the artwork for the season 1 DVDs, he is listed as ""Jeff Campbell"". The series takes its title from the song of the same name, which was originally released on a hit record by The Romantics in 1980; it was written by the group's members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill, Rich Cole, and Jimmy Marinos. A cover version of the song, performed by the Canadian all-female rock group Lillix, was used as the theme song for the show. Lillix's cover version was also

"A Thing About You"
A Thing About You ""A Thing About You"" is a song by Swedish pop music duo Roxette, released on 14 October 2002 as the lead single from the duo's second greatest hits compilation album, ""The Ballad Hits"" (2002). Their first release following vocalist Marie Fredriksson's brain tumour diagnosis, the song charted in the top forty of numerous national record charts, including Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Taiwan. The song received moderate airplay in the United Kingdom via BBC Radio 2, and remains their last single to enter the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 77. Its

"Something About You (Four Tops song)"
a hit with the song in 1967. Something About You (Four Tops song) ""Something About You"" is a song written by Holland-Dozier-Holland and was first released by the Four Tops on their 1965 album ""Four Tops' Second Album"". ""Something About You"" was released as the third single from the ""Four Tops' Second Album"", following ""I Can't Help Myself"" and ""It's the Same Old Song"". The song reached #19 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and #9 on the Billboard R&B chart. The B-side of the single was ""Darling I Hum Our Song."" ""Something About You"" has appeared on numerous compilation albums,

Something About You (Four Tops song) ""Something About You"" is a song written by Holland-Dozier-Holland and was first released by the Four Tops on their 1965 album ""Four Tops' Second Album"". ""Something About You"" was released as the third single from the ""Four Tops' Second Album"", following ""I Can't Help Myself"" and ""It's the Same Old Song"". The song reached #19 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and #9 on the Billboard R&B chart. The B-side of the single was ""Darling I Hum Our Song."" ""Something About You"" has appeared on numerous compilation albums, including ""The Ultimate Collection"". ""Something About You""

"Something About You (Level 42 song)"
Something About You (Level 42 song) ""Something About You"" is a single released by British band Level 42 in 1985, in advance of its inclusion on the album ""World Machine"" the same year. The song was written by Mark King, Mike Lindup, Phil Gould, Boon Gould, and Wally Badarou. ""Something About You"" was released in several countries beyond the United Kingdom, including United States, Germany, Italy, Canada, and many countries of South America and Asia. It is the only Level 42 song to be a top 10 hit in the United States, where it reached #7 on the ""Billboard"" Hot

Genome
Genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes (the coding regions) and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of the genome is called genomics. The term ""genome"" was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name is a blend of the words ""gene"" and ""chromosome"". However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few

DNA
the process of gene duplication and divergence. A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains genetic information and can influence the phenotype of an organism. Within a gene, the sequence of bases along a DNA strand defines a messenger RNA sequence, which then defines one or more protein sequences. The relationship between the nucleotide sequences of genes and the amino-acid sequences of proteins is determined by the rules of translation, known collectively as the genetic code. The genetic code consists of three-letter 'words' called ""codons"" formed from a sequence of three nucleotides (e.g. ACT, CAG, TTT). In transcription, the

DNA
mediate the function of the genome. Genomic DNA is tightly and orderly packed in the process called DNA condensation, to fit the small available volumes of the cell. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the cell nucleus, with small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within an irregularly shaped body in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The genetic information in a genome is held within genes, and the complete set of this information in an organism is called its genotype. A gene is a unit of heredity and is a region of DNA that influences

"Lineage (evolution)"
is merely a limitation of rendering space. In theory, a true and complete tree for all living organisms or for any DNA sequence could be generated. Lineage (evolution) An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of organisms, populations, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendent. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics. Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree. For example, the tree in Figure 1 shows the separation of life into three ancient clades: bacteria, archaea, and

Genome
against a future where genomic information fuels prejudice and extreme class differences between those who can and can't afford genetically engineered children. Genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes (the coding regions) and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of the genome is called genomics. The term ""genome"" was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary

"Human genome"
Human genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found

DNA
DNA adducts that induce errors in replication. Nevertheless, due to their ability to inhibit DNA transcription and replication, other similar toxins are also used in chemotherapy to inhibit rapidly growing cancer cells. DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell makes up its genome; the human genome has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA arranged into 46 chromosomes. The information carried by DNA is held in the sequence of pieces of DNA called genes. Transmission of genetic information in genes is achieved via complementary base pairing. For

the environment and the genome. Human genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base

Pan-genome
Pan-genome In molecular biology a pan-genome (or supra-genome) describes the full complement of genes in a clade (originally applied to species in bacteria and archaea, but also to plant species), which can have large variation in gene content among closely related strains or ecotypes. It is the union of the gene sets of all the strains of a clade (e.g. species). The significance of the pan-genome arises in an evolutionary context, especially with relevance to metagenomics, but is also used in a broader genomics context. Plant studies have shown that pan-genome dynamics is linked to transposable elements. The pan-genome includes

Gene
as a unit, and the evolutionary gene ""inherits"" as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins. The vast majority of organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards

"Big Momma's House"
DVD. Big Momma's House Big Momma's House is a 2000 American action comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell, written by Darryl Quarles and Don Rhymer, and starring Martin Lawrence as FBI agent Malcolm Turner. The majority of the film took place in Cartersville, Georgia, but the film was shot on location in California. The prime shooting spots were Los Angeles and Orange County. The film is also notable for being one of only four titles to be released on the EVD video format. It is the first installment in a trilogy series called ""Big Momma"", which includes two sequels, ""Big

Big Momma's House Big Momma's House is a 2000 American action comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell, written by Darryl Quarles and Don Rhymer, and starring Martin Lawrence as FBI agent Malcolm Turner. The majority of the film took place in Cartersville, Georgia, but the film was shot on location in California. The prime shooting spots were Los Angeles and Orange County. The film is also notable for being one of only four titles to be released on the EVD video format. It is the first installment in a trilogy series called ""Big Momma"", which includes two sequels, ""Big Momma's

"Big Momma's House 2"
critics, scoring 6% at Rotten Tomatoes. Following the events of the first film, Malcolm Turner (Martin Lawrence) has been assigned a desk job in public relations as an FBI agent, since he wants to live with his new wife, Sherry Pierce (Nia Long), during her delivery for the couple's new baby boy. Meanwhile, an incident occurs in Orange County, California, where Malcolm's old friend, Doug Hudson (Kirk B.R. Woller), has been killed while he was going undercover. FBI agent Kevin Keneally (Zachary Levi) is doing surveillance on a former U.S. Army military intelligence specialist named Tom Fuller (Mark Moses), who

on May 30, 2000 by So So Def Records. The film's theme song was ""Bounce with Me"" by Lil Bow Wow. The soundtrack was also a moderate success and has been certified gold since its release. Other than Lil Bow Wow, the soundtrack featured artists such as Jermaine Dupri, Da Brat, and Black Dave, whose single ""Go Big Girl"" can be heard briefly in the film. It peaked at 41 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and 12 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and spawned two hit singles, ""Bounce with Me"" and ""I've Got to Have It"". This was the only ""Big

illegal casino in his basement, to earn money, after their daughter's college scholarship is lost. Ferrell and Adam McKay produced through Gary Sanchez Productions, along with Good Universe and O'Brien. Amy Poehler joined the cast on June 12, 2015, to play Ferrell's character's wife. On June 16, 2015, Jason Mantzoukas joined to play Ferrell's character's best friend, who is dealing with a gambling problem, and who gives the couple the idea to start a casino. On August 28, 2015, Ryan Simpkins was added to the cast, to play Ferrell and Poehler's characters' daughter. On September 15, 2015, Cedric Yarbrough signed

"Big House, U.S.A."
Big House, U.S.A. Big House, U.S.A. is a 1955 American crime film directed by Howard W. Koch and written by John C. Higgins. The film stars Broderick Crawford, Ralph Meeker, Reed Hadley, William Talman, Lon Chaney, Jr., and Charles Bronson. The film was released on March 3, 1955, by United Artists. In a Colorado national park, a boy having an asthma attack is approached by a nurse, Emily Evans, with a syringe. Frightened of needles, the boy flees into the woods, where Jerry Barker finds him. Park ranger Erickson tries to calm wealthy Robertson Lambert, the missing boy's frantic father.

"Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son"
Big Momma, with other characters from the movie. Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son (also known as ""Big Momma's House 3"") is a 2011 American action comedy film and the third and final installment in the ""Big Momma"" trilogy, which is a sequel to 2000's ""Big Momma's House"" and 2006's ""Big Momma's House 2"". The film was directed by John Whitesell and starring Martin Lawrence reprising his role as FBI agent Malcolm Turner. Jascha Washington declined to reprise his role as Trent Pierce from the original film, and Brandon T. Jackson replaced him for

Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son (also known as ""Big Momma's House 3"") is a 2011 American action comedy film and the third and final installment in the ""Big Momma"" trilogy, which is a sequel to 2000's ""Big Momma's House"" and 2006's ""Big Momma's House 2"". The film was directed by John Whitesell and starring Martin Lawrence reprising his role as FBI agent Malcolm Turner. Jascha Washington declined to reprise his role as Trent Pierce from the original film, and Brandon T. Jackson replaced him for his role. The film was released on February

attending a safety conference in Phoenix, Arizona, Malcolm leaves for Orange County and takes the ""Big Momma"" costume with him. Malcolm reprises his disguise as Big Momma from the original film and showing up at Fuller's house as Mrs. Fuller (Emily Procter) is interviewing several other candidates. Big Momma eliminates the three other applicants for the nanny position by pointing out the sexually attractive qualities of the first, the drug use of the second, and the FBI Agent's concealed firearm of the third. Big Momma meets the three Fuller children: Molly (Kat Dennings), Carrie (Chloë Grace Moretz), and Andrew. After

House 2"" and """". The film begins in an illegal underground dog-fighting arena in Korea, where an undercover FBI agent, John Maxwell, has been identified and is later ordered by a Korean mob boss to be killed. However, John is eventually rescued by his undercover partner and master of disguise, Malcolm Turner. Meanwhile, a criminal named Lester Vesco, who was originally serving a life sentence in prison for murder and armed robbery, escapes from his cell by killing a doctor and stealing his car. The FBI assigns Malcolm and John to capture Lester by sending them to small-town Cartersville, Georgia

"Daniel 7"
reference to the messiah elsewhere. The ""holy ones"" seems to refer to the persecuted Jews under Antiochus; the ""sacred seasons and the law"" are the Jewish religious customs disrupted by him; the ""time, two times and a half"" is approximately the time of the persecution, from 167 to 164 , as well as being half the ""perfect number"" seven. ""Their kingly power is an everlasting power"": the ""hasidim"" (the sect of ""the pious ones"") believed that the restoration of Jewish worship in the temple would usher in the final age. The following is a historicist-based illustration of the parallels. Over

"Daniel 7"
apocalyptic theme of the ""four kingdoms"", which is that Israel (or the world) would come under four successive world-empires, each worse than the last, until finally God and his hosts would end oppression and introduce the eternal kingdom. In the late 7th and early 6th centuries the Neo-Babylonian empire dominated the Middle East. The Kingdom of Judah began the period as a Babylonian client state, but after a series of rebellions Babylon reduced it to the status of a province and carried off its élite (not all its population) into captivity. This ""Babylonian exile"" ended in 538 when Medes and

"Book of Enoch"
liturgy. By the 4th century, the Book of Enoch was mostly excluded from Christian canons, and it is now regarded as scripture by only the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. ""Enoch, the seventh from Adam"" is quoted, in : Compare this with Enoch 1:9, translated from the Ethiopic (found also in Qumran scroll 4Q204=4QEnoch ar, col I 16–18): Compare this also with what may be the original source of 1 En 1:9 in Deuteronomy 33:2: Under the heading of canonicity, it is not enough to merely demonstrate that something is quoted. Instead, it is necessary

"Revelation 7"
opening of the fifth seal in Revelation 6: English clergyman John Keble uses the image in his poem, ""All Saints Day"": New King James Version Verses 5-8 list the tribes of Israel: 12,000 were sealed from each. The tribes of Dan and Ephraim are not listed. New King James Version New King James Version This is the only instance in the New Testament of a prayer beginning and ending with ""Amen"". New King James Version New King James Version New King James Version Revelation 7 Revelation 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of

"Daniel 7"
product of the mid-2nd century . It is an apocalypse, a literary genre in which a heavenly reality is revealed to a human recipient; it is also an eschatology, a divine revelation concerning the moment in which God will intervene in history to usher in the final kingdom. Its context is oppression of the Jews by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who outlawed Jewish customs and built an altar to Zeus in the Temple (the ""abomination of desolation""), sparking a popular uprising which led to the retaking of Jerusalem and the Temple by Judas Maccabeus. Chapter 7 introduces the

"Books of the Bible"
called the ""Tanakh"" or Hebrew Bible, as authoritative. There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed: some scholars argue that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE), while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later. Most conservative scholars believe that the Torah was canonized c. 400 BCE, the Prophets c. 200 BCE, and the Writings c. 100 CE, perhaps at a Council of Jamnia as concluded by Heinrich Graetz in 1871. The Council of Jamnia theory is increasingly rejected by most liberal scholars. Protestants and

"Biblical apocrypha"
books proceeding from godly men they were received to be read for the advancement and furtherance of the knowledge of history and for the instruction of godly manners."" Later, during the English Civil War, the Westminster Confession of 1647 excluded the Apocrypha from the canon and made no recommendation of the Apocrypha above ""other human writings"", and this attitude towards the Apocrypha is represented by the decision of the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 19th century not to print it (see below). Today, ""English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again"" and they are often

"Daniel 7"
Greek and both promoted Greek culture, usually peacefully, but the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV, also called Antiochus Epiphanes (reigned 175-164 ) proved an exception. Interpreting Jewish opposition as motivated by religion and culture, he outlawed Jewish customs such as circumcision, kosher dietary restrictions, Sabbath observance, and the Jewish scriptures (the Torah). In his most infamous act he built an altar to Zeus over the altar of burnt offerings in the Temple (the ""abomination of desolation""), sparking in 167 a massive popular uprising against Hellenic Greek rule which led to the retaking of Jerusalem by Judas Maccabeus and the purification of

"Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation"
history. Thus, William Miller dated the age of Laodicea from 1798–1843, followed by the End of days in 1844. The traditional historicist view of the ""Seven Seals"" spanned the time period from John of Patmos to Early Christendom. Protestant scholars such as, Campegius Vitringa, Alexander Keith, and Christopher Wordsworth did not limit the timeframe to the 4th century. Some have even viewed the opening of the ""Seals"" right into the early modern period. Seventh-day Adventists view the first six seals as representing events that took place during the Christian era up until 1844. ""Contemporary-historicists"" view all of Revelation as it

"Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses"
Canaanite magicians and keepers of the Samaritan Pentateuch in the ""Cuthan-Samaritan language"", a language considered extinct since the 12th century. No complete manuscripts older than Scheible's 1849 printing are extant, and the claimed origin must be regarded pseudepigraphic and spurious. It is rather of a school of European Medieval and Enlightenment grimoires, such as The Key of Solomon, The Red Dragon, Petit Albert and others. Elements appear directly reprinted from Three Books of Occult Philosophy by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1531) and an 18th-century German translation by Gottfried Selig of the Hebrew Sepher Schimmush Tehillim (""the magical uses of the Psalms"").

what percentage of global man-made co2 emissions comes from worldwide aviation

"Greenhouse gas footprint"
of all of these gases contributes to one's GHG footprint. The more that these gases are produced, the higher the GHG footprint. Since the Industrial Revolution, greenhouse gas emissions have increased immensely. As of 2017, the carbon dioxide (CO) levels are 142%, of what they were pre-industrial revolution. Methane is up 253% and nitrous oxide is 121% of pre-industrial levels. The energy driven consumption of fossil fuels has made GHG emissions rapidly increase, causing the Earth's temperature to rise. In the past 250 years, human activity such as, burning fossil fuels and cutting down carbon-absorbing forests, have contributed greatly to

"Environmental impact of aviation"
account. Like all human activities involving combustion, most forms of aviation release carbon dioxide (CO) and other greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the acceleration of global warming and (in the case of CO) ocean acidification. These concerns are highlighted by the present volume of commercial aviation and its rate of growth. Globally, about 8.3 million people fly daily (three billion occupied seats per year), twice the total in 1999. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel during the twelve months between October 2013 and September 2014. In addition to the CO released by most

5.2 percent per year. And in the European Union, greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87 percent between 1990 and 2006. Comprehensive research shows that despite anticipated efficiency innovations to airframes, engines, aerodynamics and flight operations, there is no end in sight, even many decades out, to rapid growth in CO emissions from air travel and air freight, due to projected continual growth in air travel. This is because international aviation emissions have escaped international regulation up to the ICAO triennial conference in October 2016 agreed on the CORSIA offset scheme.. In addition, due to low or non-existent taxes

in the environment also contribute the increase in greenhouse gas emission such as, deforestation, forest degradation and land use, livestock, agricultural soils and water, and wastewater. China is the largest contributor of greenhouse gas, causing up 30% of the total emissions. The United States contributes 15%, followed by the EU with 9%, then India with 7%, Russia with 5%, Japan with 4% , and other miscellaneous countries making up the remaining 30%. Although carbon dioxide (CO) is the most prevalent gas, it is not the most damaging. Carbon dioxide is essential to life because animals release it during cellular respiration

increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to four percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways: CO emissions from aircraft-in-flight are the most significant and best understood element of aviation's total contribution to climate change. The level and effects of CO emissions are currently believed to be broadly the same regardless of altitude (i.e., they have the same atmospheric effects as ground-based emissions). In 1992, emissions of CO from aircraft were estimated at around two percent of all

of radiative forcing."" UK government policy statements have stressed the need for aviation to address its total climate change impacts and not simply the impact of CO. The IPCC has estimated that aviation is responsible for around 3.5 percent of anthropogenic climate change, a figure which includes both CO and non-CO induced effects. The IPCC has produced scenarios estimating what this figure could be in 2050. The central case estimate is that aviation's contribution could grow to five percent of the total contribution by 2050 if action is not taken to tackle these emissions, though the highest scenario is 15

"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere"
∼3,700±1,600 ppm (215 Myrs ago). Global annual mean concentration has increased by more than 45% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years up to the mid-18th century to 410 ppm as of mid-2018. The present concentration is the highest in the last 800,000 and possibly even the last 20 million years. The increase has been caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This increase of and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming. About 30–40% of the released by humans

sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide (which bonds with oxygen to become CO immediately upon release), incompletely burned hydrocarbons, tetraethyllead (piston aircraft only), and radicals such as hydroxyl, depending on the type of aircraft in use. Emissions weighting factor (EWFs) i.e., the factor by which aviation emissions should be multiplied to get the -equivalent emissions for annual fleet average conditions is in the range 1.3–2.9. In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO emissions was estimated to be around two percent. However, in the cases of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO altitude-sensitive effects may

of seating configurations on carbon emissions that: In attempting to aggregate and quantify the total climate impact of aircraft emissions the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that aviation's total climate impact is some two to four times that of its direct CO emissions alone (excluding the potential impact of cirrus cloud enhancement). This is measured as radiative forcing. While there is uncertainty about the exact level of impact of NO and water vapour, governments have accepted the broad scientific view that they do have an effect. Globally in 2005, aviation contributed ""possibly as much as 4.9 percent

produces about 715 kg (1574 lb) of CO (but is equivalent to 1,917 kg (4,230 lb) of CO when the high altitude ""climatic forcing"" effect is taken into account). Within the categories of flights above, emissions from scheduled jet flights are substantially higher than turboprop or chartered jet flights. About 60 percent of aviation emissions arise from international flights, and these flights are not covered by the Kyoto Protocol and its emissions reduction targets. However, in a more recent development:The United Nations’ aviation arm overwhelmingly ratified an agreement Thursday [6 October 2016] to control global warming emissions from international airline

"I'm Coming Out"
I'm Coming Out ""I'm Coming Out"" is a song recorded by American singer Diana Ross. It was written and produced by Chic members Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, and released in August 22, 1980 as the second single from Ross' self-titled tenth album ""Diana"" (1980). In 1979, Ross commissioned Chic founders Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards to create material for a new album after taking her daughters to see the band in concert, following the success of Ross's final Ashford & Simpson-composed and produced LP,"" The Boss. ""Rodgers got the idea for ""I'm Coming Out"" after noticing three different drag

"The Light Is Coming"
be released on June 20, 2018, along with the pre-order of ""Sweetener"". The song runs for three minutes and forty-eight seconds. It has influences of R&B and hip hop. The sound is backed by Grande's vocals, singing, ""The light is coming to give back everything the darkness stole"". The song contains a ""jittery beat"" that is used with quick drums and synths. The song samples a CNN archive clip of a man who is shouting at former senator Arlen Specter at a town hall meeting in Pennsylvania in 2009 concerning healthcare (""You wouldn't let anybody speak for this and instead!"").

"I'm Out"
MTV News, Ciara said, ""She's actually finishing up one now that's really it's a monster too. The moments that we have had so far have just been crazy. It's just been magical, it's been something special and I feel like the fans have always wanted to see she and I rock together."" ""I'm Out"" premiered on May 22, 2013 via Ciara's official SoundCloud account. It was officially sent to urban radio in the US on June 3, 2013. Additionally, it was the most added song at Canadian urban radio stations on June 7, 2013. ""I'm Out"" was released in the

"What's That Sound?"
What's That Sound? What's That Sound? is the third studio album by American music artist Haley Reinhart, released on September 22, 2017 by Concord Records, and produced by Reinhart and John Burk. An homage to music from the late 1960s, it features fourteen tracks on the standard release, with two bonus tracks on the Target exclusive edition. Lead single ""Baby It's You"" was released June 16, 2017, followed by ""For What It's Worth"" on August 11, 2017 and ""Let's Start"" on September 15, 2017. ""The Letter"" was also released on July 13, 2017 as a promotional single. The album debuted

"I'm About to Come Alive"
songs were ""free of clichés"" and that Nail had ""so much soul in his voice that you believe every word."" I'm About to Come Alive I'm About to Come Alive is the debut album of American country music singer David Nail. It was released on August 18, 2009 via MCA Nashville. The album, produced by Frank Liddell and Mike Wrucke, includes the singles ""I'm About to Come Alive,"" ""Red Light"" and ""Turning Home."" Nail wrote or co-wrote four of the songs on the album. Prior to signing with MCA Nashville in 2009, Nail recorded a self-titled album in 2002 for

I'm About to Come Alive I'm About to Come Alive is the debut album of American country music singer David Nail. It was released on August 18, 2009 via MCA Nashville. The album, produced by Frank Liddell and Mike Wrucke, includes the singles ""I'm About to Come Alive,"" ""Red Light"" and ""Turning Home."" Nail wrote or co-wrote four of the songs on the album. Prior to signing with MCA Nashville in 2009, Nail recorded a self-titled album in 2002 for Mercury Nashville, which is also a division of Universal Music Group Nashville. This album, despite producing a #52-peaking country single

another hit from the album, peaking at number five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for two weeks in November 1980. It is also notable for being the first song usually performed at Ross' performances and concerts since 1980. ""I'm Coming Out"" has been regarded as an anthem for the LGBT community. The phrase ""coming out"" to describe one's self-disclosure of sexual orientation or gender identity had been present in the gay subculture in the early 20th century, analogous to a débutante's ""coming-out party"" or celebration of her formal presentation to society. It has also been understood as ""coming

the Loren Dawson remix. The original single version (which is similar to the original) can be found on both CD singles and the original motion picture soundtrack to ""Maid in Manhattan"". Ross' version appears on the film's soundtrack album as well. A music video was produced to promote the single. I'm Coming Out ""I'm Coming Out"" is a song recorded by American singer Diana Ross. It was written and produced by Chic members Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, and released in August 22, 1980 as the second single from Ross' self-titled tenth album ""Diana"" (1980). In 1979, Ross commissioned Chic

"Merky ACE"
""Opps Next Door Vol. 1"", which was released on 16 June 2017. He provided vocals for fifteen of the album's twenty tracks, and produced many of its tracks under his Splurt Diablo alias. The album's release was celebrated with a launch party at Relentless No. 5 in London. His debut album, ""War is Normal"", was released on 11 May 2018. The album features the singles ""TDF"", ""Black Hawk Down"", and ""Out of Order"", which were released on 9 March, 16 March, and 23 March 2018 respectively. The first two of these tracks had previously premiered on his SoundCloud in 2016,

"I Told You"
I Told You I Told You is the debut studio album by Canadian rapper Tory Lanez. It was released on August 19, 2016, by Mad Love Records and Interscope Records. Recording sessions took place from 2015 to 2016, with the production that was contributed by Lanez, alongside several other record producers such as Benny Blanco, Cashmere Cat, Two Inch Punch and Noah Breakfast, among others. The album was supported by two singles: ""Say It"" and ""Luv"". In an interview with HotNewHipHop, Lanez spoke on the album: ""I was tryna come up with a title for mad long and that what

"Tom Brady"
defense harassed Brady, who completed 27-of-56 passes with two interceptions and a touchdown, all day, and the Patriots eventually lost the game 20–18 after a potential game-tying two-point conversion attempt failed with 17 seconds left in regulation. On February 29, 2016, Brady signed a two-year contract extension covering the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Three days later, the NFL appealed Judge Richard M. Berman's 2015 decision to vacate Brady's four-game suspension as punishment for his alleged role in the Deflategate scandal. At the March 3, 2016, hearing in New York City, the three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals

ever by a single player, has won three league MVP awards (2007, 2010, 2017), has been selected to 14 Pro Bowls, and has led his team to more division titles (15) than any other quarterback in NFL history. Brady is fourth all-time in total career passing yards in regular season play, is tied for third in career touchdown passes, and fourth in career passer rating. He is first all-time in career passing yards (regular season and postseason combined). His career postseason record is 27–10, winning more playoff games than any other quarterback, and he has appeared in more playoff games

throwing for 154 passing yards, two touchdowns, and three interceptions in a Wild Card Round loss to the Baltimore Ravens, 33–14, his first career home playoff loss, and the first playoff loss at home by a Patriots quarterback since 1978 (Steve Grogan). On September 10, 2010, Brady signed a four-year, $72 million contract extension, making him the highest-paid player in the NFL. The extension included $48.5 million in guaranteed money. Brady became the quickest quarterback to achieve 100 regular season wins by helping his team defeat the Miami Dolphins 41–14 on October 4, 2010. In a 31–28 win over the

Brady was selected by the New England Patriots with the 199th overall pick in the sixth round of 2000 NFL Draft and has since spent his entire 18-season career with the Patriots. Brady's tenure with the Patriots is an NFL record for the longest time playing quarterback for one franchise. Since Brady became their starting quarterback in 2001, the Patriots have never had a losing season and have won 15 division titles. The Patriots played in twelve AFC Championship Games from 2001 to 2017—including seven in a row from 2011 to 2017—and won eight of them. Brady and Patriots head

coach Bill Belichick have combined to form the most successful quarterback-head coach tandem in NFL history, winning more regular season games and postseason games than any other such duo as well as appearing in eight Super Bowls. All of these events set new NFL records. In his second season, Brady took over as the starting quarterback after Drew Bledsoe was injured. He led the Patriots to first place in the AFC East and a victory over the favored St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI, winning his first Super Bowl MVP award. Despite the Patriots' missing the playoffs the following

career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. Brady's name has become associated with two NFL rules, which sports reporters have called the ""Brady rule"". One is the tuck rule that was in effect from 1999 through 2013. The other is a rule about low hits enacted in 2009: ""A defender cannot initiate a roll or lunge and forcibly hit the passer in the knee area or below, even if he is being contacted by another player."" Brady was selected with pick #199, a compensatory pick, in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He and

game by a score of 24–17 and were immediately installed by Las Vegas oddsmakers as 14-point underdogs against the NFC champion St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI. Brady returned from his knee injury in the AFC Championship Game to start in Super Bowl XXXVI a week later in New Orleans. Despite being heavy underdogs, the Patriots played well, holding the Rams' high powered offense in check through the first three quarters. The Rams rallied from a 17–3 deficit to tie the game with 1:30 left in regulation. The Patriots then got the ball back at their own 17-yard line

to the Philadelphia Eagles, denying Brady his sixth Super Bowl ring. Over his career, Brady has won three league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 13-time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third-highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful

the 2015, 2016, and 2017 seasons, and also noted that it reflected Patriots owner Robert Kraft's desire to make sure that Brady retired as a Patriot. Brady and the Patriots began the season with much upheaval on the offensive side of the ball. Tight end Rob Gronkowski was injured and Aaron Hernandez was arrested. Wes Welker departed to the Denver Broncos, Danny Woodhead left in free agency for the San Diego Chargers, and Brandon Lloyd was released from the team. In order to replace the five players, the Patriots signed Danny Amendola in free agency from the Rams, drafted rookie

for the first four games of the 2016 NFL season. Subsequently, Brady went on to play in the next two Super Bowls, winning Super Bowl LI and losing Super Bowl LII. Brady was born in San Mateo, California, the only son and fourth child of Galynn Patricia (""née"" Johnson) and Thomas Brady, Sr. He has three older sisters, named Nancy, Julie, and Maureen. He was raised Catholic. His father is of Irish descent, while his mother has German, Norwegian, Polish and Swedish ancestry. A set of Brady's great-great-grandparents on his father's side, John and Bridget Brady, were Irish refugees from

"Topographic map"
are also commonly called ""contour maps"" or ""topo maps"". In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called ""topo quads"" or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude (isohypse). In other words, every point on the marked line of 100 m elevation is 100 m above mean sea level. These maps usually show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up

of 2011, the future of standardized, centrally printed topographical maps is left somewhat in doubt. Topographic maps have multiple uses in the present day: any type of geographic planning or large-scale architecture; earth sciences and many other geographic disciplines; mining and other earth-based endeavours; civil engineering and recreational uses such as hiking and orienteering. The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. Topographic maps

areas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest. Today, topographic maps are prepared using photogrammetric interpretation of aerial photography, lidar and other Remote sensing techniques. Older topographic maps were prepared using traditional surveying instruments. The cartographic style (content and appearance) of topographic maps is highly variable between national mapping organizations and aesthetic traditions and conventions persist, particularly amongst European countries at medium map scales. Although virtually the entire terrestrial surface of Earth has been mapped at scale 1:1,000,000, medium and large-scale mapping has been accomplished intensively in some countries and much less in others.

moderately skilled end users to view or print maps with arbitrary contents, coverage and scale. For example, the Federal government of the United States' ""TIGER"" initiative compiled interlinked databases of federal, state and local political borders and census enumeration areas, and of roadways, railroads, and water features with support for locating street addresses within street segments. TIGER was developed in the 1980s and used in the 1990 and subsequent decennial censuses. Digital elevation models (""DEM"") were also compiled, initially from topographic maps and stereographic interpretation of aerial photographs and then from satellite photography and radar data. Since all these were

"Map symbolization"
may be symbolized as a picture of a little church or cross or the town hall may have a special color or symbol. Many of the symbol feature on maps of the earth will be shown by straight, curved, dashed, or solid lines. They may also be colored to represent different classes of information. The typical color standard for topographic maps depicts contours in brown, bodies of water in blue, boundaries in black, and grids and roads in red. Topographic maps may use different colors to represent area features. Most topographic maps will use green for vegetation or national parks

"Geodetic datum"
look. Mars has no oceans and so no sea level, but at least two martian datums have been used to locate places there. Datums are used in geodesy, navigation, and surveying by cartographers and satellite navigation systems to translate positions indicated on maps (paper or digital) to their real position on Earth. Each starts with an ellipsoid (stretched sphere), and then defines latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates. One or more locations on the Earth's surface are chosen as anchor ""base-points"". The difference in co-ordinates between datums is commonly referred to as ""datum shift"". The datum shift between two particular datums

1913 saw the beginning of the International Map of the World initiative, which set out to map all of Earth's significant land areas at a scale of 1:1 million, on about one thousand sheets, each covering four degrees latitude by six or more degrees longitude. Excluding borders, each sheet was 44 cm high and (depending on latitude) up to 66 cm wide. Although the project eventually foundered, it left an indexing system that remains in use. By the 1980s, centralized printing of standardized topographic maps began to be superseded by databases of coordinates that could be used on computers by

Topographic map In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of equal elevation. Natural Resources Canada provides this description of topographic maps: Other authors define topographic maps by contrasting them with

and have a length. This would include any line feature on a map like roads or sidewalks. Areal phenomena are 2-D that has both a length and a width. The best example of this would be a lake or other body of water. When volume comes into consideration, it is broken down into two types, 2 ½ dimensions and 3-D. A good example of 2 ½ D would be the elevation of a place above sea level, while 3-D being any three-dimensional objects. An important factor in map symbols is the order in which they are ranked according to their

protect natural resources and the public at large, or because such features are not present in any public domain database. Topographic map In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of

"Once Upon a Time in Venice"
Voltage Pictures financing and selling the film at Cannes. In June 2015, Jason Momoa, Thomas Middleditch and Famke Janssen joined the cast of the film, Momoa to play the gang leader who forces Willis' character to do some jobs for his dog, Middleditch to play Willis' assistant in his operation, while Janssen would play Willis' sister-in-law. Later on June 30, 2015, John Goodman, Stephanie Sigman, Adrian Martinez, Kal Penn, and Emily Robinson round out the remaining cast of the film, Goodman playing Willis' best friend, Sigman playing Momoa's character's girlfriend, Martinez playing the owner of a local pizza store who

Once Upon a Time in Venice Once Upon a Time in Venice (also known as LA Vengeance in the UK) is a 2017 American comedy film directed and written by Mark and Robb Cullen in their directorial debuts. The film stars Bruce Willis, Jason Momoa, John Goodman, Thomas Middleditch, Famke Janssen, and Adam Goldberg with supporting roles by Christopher McDonald, Stephanie Sigman, and Wood Harris. The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on June 16, 2017, by RLJ Entertainment. Los Angeles-based private detective Steve Ford lives a care-free life. After performing a favor for

"The Castafiore Emerald"
his ankle. The doctor puts his foot in a cast and imposes bed rest. Castafiore then arrives with her maid, Irma, and pianist, Igor Wagner. Castafiore presents Haddock with a pet parrot and fusses over him, to his great discomfort. The magazine ""Paris Flash"" claim that Haddock and Castafiore are engaged, on the basis of a misinterpreted interview with Professor Calculus. This results in an avalanche of congratulations from Haddock's friends. A television crew come to Marlinspike Hall to interview Castafiore and a mysterious photographer, Gino, appears with the crew. Suddenly, Irma informs Castafiore that her jewels have been stolen,

"Model Spy"
Paris airports are closed due to heavy fog. Unknown to Verdain and the newly-arrived agents, two of Verdain's models, Helga and Gabrielle, have been killed in a monotrain derailment and reconstructed in the service of the Mysterons. When Verdain takes his guests on a tour of Monte Carlo Bay in his luxury yacht, Gabrielle starts a fire in the engine room that quickly consumes the vessel. All onboard jump to safety just seconds before the yacht explodes. Despite Scarlet's warnings, Verdain refuses to cancel his press reception at a nearby hotel. A man resembling Captain Black (voiced by Donald Gray)

"The Man with a Cloak"
love. Charles is an old, wealthy, and dissipated rake, who correctly guesses Madeline's purpose in visiting him: she has been sent by Paul to ask him for money to support the revolution in France. Assisted by hulking butler, Martin, and cook Mrs. Flynn, who are also after Charles' fortune, having waited for the old man to die for ten years, Lorna lets Charles drink as much as he wants, contrary to the instructions of Dr. Roland, and replaces some prescribed medicine. Madeline has one ally, a chance acquaintance named Dupin, a heavy-drinking impecunious poet, to whom she turns when she

"One of Our Spies Is Missing"
that Lorelei does not speak to Solo. De Sala herself visits Sir Norman Swickert, a very old statesman she knew and admired as a child, and brings along with her Dr. Gritsky – a colleague of Dr. Lancer. Swickert complains of being too old to have political power anymore, and De Sala reveals her desire for such power as he once had, her resentment of not having it available to her since she is a woman, and her ability to make him a younger man with Gritsky's help. Meanwhile, Solo's efforts to contact Lorelei result in Do Do and Olga

"The Spy in Black"
to attack the British Fleet at Scapa Flow. He sneaks ashore on the Orkney Islands to meet his contact, Fräulein Tiel (Valerie Hobson). Tiel has taken over the identity of a new local schoolteacher, Miss Anne Burnett (June Duprez), who German agents had intercepted en route to the island. Hardt finds himself attracted to her, but Tiel shows no interest. The Germans are aided by a disgraced Royal Navy officer, the former Commander Ashington (Sebastian Shaw) who, according to Tiel, has agreed to aid the Germans after losing his command due to drunkenness, and Tiel implies that she has slept

a friend, Ford runs afoul of a local gang. The gang's leader, Spyder, seeks revenge and steals Ford's dog. In order to recover the dog, Ford is forced into a sequence of convoluted and intertwined tasks across the Venice area. By May 16, 2015, Bruce Willis was cast to star in a comedy playing a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang. Mark and Robb Cullen would make their directorial debut on the film based on their own script, and they would also produce the film along with Nicolas Chartier, Zev Foreman, and Laura Ford, while

"Venetian Bird"
Venetian Bird Venetian Bird is a 1952 British thriller film directed by Ralph Thomas and starring Richard Todd, Eva Bartok and John Gregson. In its US release, it was titled The Assassin. British private detective Edward Mercer (Richard Todd) is employed to travel to Venice and locate an Italian who is to be rewarded for his assistance to Allied airmen during the Second World War. Once he arrives in Italy, however, he becomes mixed up in an assassination and a great deal of mystery. The mystery revolves around whether Renzo Uccello (John Gregson) actually died a few years earlier in

Shortly after, Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis announced that original cast members Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, and Jared Gilmore, as well as Emilie de Ravin who joined the main cast in season two, would also exit the show at the end of the season. The residents of Storybrooke are faced with threats from the Evil Queen and Mr. Hyde, both with different agendas following the arrival of refugees from the Land of Untold Stories. This leads to events to test Emma's savior abilities that results in the arrival of the Black Fairy to begin the Final Battle that was prophesied

centuries ago. As dark and light collides, a new, and darker curse is unleashed, leading to the fall of all the realms with magic. The Final Battle is fought and won, leading to the heroes earning their happy beginnings, but a new adventure begins in the far future for an adult Henry involving his daughter Lucy, and another curse looming across the New Enchanted Forest inhabitants. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Executive producers Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis announced that they were ending the half-season arc structure that was seen in seasons three through five, with Horowitz saying, ""We’re also planning a 22-episode story

""Once Upon a Time in Wonderland"", in the fourth episode of the season. On August 26, it was announced that Faran Tahir was cast as Captain Nemo, and would have ties to Captain Hook. On September 22, it was announced that Tzi Ma would be reprising his role as the Dragon sometime in the season. Gabrielle Rose would also be returning as David's mother, Ruth, who appeared via flashback in episode 7. On September 27, it was announced that Sean Maguire would be returning as Robin Hood. The former main character, who died on-screen near the end of season 5,

season 4 episode ""Rocky Road."" On July 20, it was announced that Jessy Schram would be reprising her role as Cinderella in the third episode of the season. The episode explored a connection that her character has to someone from the Land of Untold Stories, as well as the start of her friendship with Snow White. That same episode also introduced Cinderella's stepmother and stepsisters. David Anders returned this season as Victor Frankenstein. The character has a connection with Jekyll and Hyde. On August 15, it was announced that Jonny Coyne would be reprising his role as Dr. Lydgate from

home"" but ""those struggles have only made her stronger — something which will come in handy when darkness threatens everything she holds dear."" On March 8, it was announced that Andrew J. West had been cast in the unidentified male role, later revealed in ""The Final Battle"" as an adult Henry Mills. On March 9, it was announced that Alison Fernandez had been cast in the unidentified female role, also revealed to be Henry's daughter, Lucy. On May 8, 2017, Jennifer Morrison announced that she had declined an offer to remain on the show through season 7 and would not

will not be brought back from the dead but would appear in a multi-episode arc in a different capacity. For the second half of the season, Wil Traval would be returning for multiple episodes, starting in episode 11, as the Sheriff of Nottingham. On October 31, it was announced that Mckenna Grace would be returning as a younger version of Emma. On December 11, Robert Carlyle revealed that Brandon Spink would be portraying a young Baelfire in episode 13. On January 6, 2017, it was announced that JoAnna Garcia would be returning as Ariel. The story line involves a team-up

their storylines wrapped up in the season six finale include Emma Swan, Snow White, Prince Charming, Belle, and Zelena. The season finale revealed that Henry Mills will remain a series protagonist, with the setting shifting to a later time period in which he is portrayed as an adult by Andrew J. West. In January 2017, ""TV Line"" reported that the series would feature a musical episode later in the season. Creators Kitsis and Horowitz had spoken about the desire to do a musical installment previously, but didn't ""even know where to begin."" Kitsis and Horowitz confirmed the report in February.

not have to fear [anything feeling] incomplete."" On May 8, Morrison confirmed that she had declined an offer to remain on the show and that the sixth season would be her last, signaling the end of Emma's time on the show as the main protagonist. On May 11, Rebecca Mader announced that she would also be leaving the show at the end of the season, citing creative decisions beyond her control. On May 12, season six was announced to be the last for four additional main actors: Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared Gilmore, and Emilie de Ravin. Thus, characters seeing

between Ariel, Jasmine, and Hook. On January 7, Horowitz confirmed that Gil McKinney would also be returning as Prince Eric. Two days later, it was announced that Rose McIver would also be coming back as Tinker Bell. On January 20, it was revealed that Sara Tomko was cast as Tiger Lily. The recurring character appears in at least two episodes starting in episode 17. On January 23, Horowitz announced that Patrick Fischler would return as former author Isaac Heller at some point in the second half of the season. On March 14, it was announced that episode 18 would introduce

she would be returning for the sixth season. Robert Carlyle was confirmed to be returning for the sixth season as Rumplestiltskin along with Rebecca Mader as Zelena and Jared Gilmore as Henry Mills. It was announced that Giles Matthey was cast as Morpheus, who is slated to appear in the first episode of the season. On July 20, it was announced that Craig Horner would be portraying the Count of Monte Cristo, who was introduced in the second episode of the season. At the 2016 San Diego Comic Con International it was revealed that the season would see the introduction

"2017 AFL Mark of the Year"
2017 AFL Mark of the Year The Australian Football League celebrates the best mark of the season through the annual Mark of the Year competition. In 2017, this is officially known as the Woolworths AFL Mark of the Year Each round three marks are nominated and fans are able to vote online for their favourite. The winner was 's Joe Daniher, which surprised many fans and media personal who expected Jeremy Howe of to win the award for his screamer against in round 12. Following the shock win, Collingwood's president Eddie McGuire said that the voting system for Mark of

the Year needs an overhaul. 2017 AFL Mark of the Year The Australian Football League celebrates the best mark of the season through the annual Mark of the Year competition. In 2017, this is officially known as the Woolworths AFL Mark of the Year Each round three marks are nominated and fans are able to vote online for their favourite. The winner was 's Joe Daniher, which surprised many fans and media personal who expected Jeremy Howe of to win the award for his screamer against in round 12. Following the shock win, Collingwood's president Eddie McGuire said that the

"Mark of the Year"
Tony Modra (Adelaide/Fremantle) have won the most Mark of the Year awards, with three each. The competition is run in conjunction with the Goal of the Year contest, which recognizes the best goal kicked during an AFL season. Two players have won both the ""Mark of the Year"" and ""Goal of the Year"" awards in the same season: Michael Mitchell and Peter Bosustow. Currently also known by its sponsorship name as the ""Weet Bix AFL Mark of the Year"", the competition is open to players in the AFL (Australian rules football's highest league). Winners receive an assortment of prizes, including

"Goal of the Year (AFL)"
in 2001. Eddie Betts has been awarded Goal of the Year on three occasions (2006, 2015, and 2016), the most of any player, and is the only player to win the award in consecutive seasons. Each week, three of the best goals of the round (including the finals) are selected as nominees. A panel of AFL selectors choose the winning goal of the round. For the first time in 2006, the general public are able to vote for nominated marks via the AFL's website. The results of the public voting are combined with the panel's votes. Any one of the

$5,000 for their grassroots (junior) club, the use of a Toyota Kluger for 12 months and the Alex Jesaulenko Medal. The current Victorian Football League (formerly known as the Victorian Football Association) runs a similar competition; however, the winners are selected only from the few games that are televised. Many other amateur Australian rules football leagues also run an equivalent competition, but they often rely on less comprehensive television footage; some amateur leagues rely on spectators who submit photos and amateur video recordings to the league or to television shows such as the AFL Footy Show. Chris Tarrant's mark in

2001 it has been run by the AFL. It is open only to players within the AFL and applies to marks taken during official AFL season matches. Several other Australian rules football leagues followed with their own ""Mark of the Year"" competitions. A famous VFL footballer, Alex Jesaulenko, unofficially won the first award for a ""spectacular mark"" during the 1970 VFL Grand Final, a mark that has been frequently called ""The Mark of the Century"". Thirty-two players have won the competition; of those, five have won multiple times and six are still active in the AFL. Peter Knights (Hawthorn) and

round 11, 2001 has been used as the basis of the silhouette for the Mark of the Year logo, despite its losing the Mark of the Year to Gary Moorcroft's round 14 mark. Many of the best marks in the VFL/AFL were featured in a VHS/DVD named ""Miracle Marks"". The competition was initiated following Alex Jesaulenko's mark over Graeme ""Jerker"" Jenkin in the 1970 (Victorian Football League) Grand Final and later recognised officially as the Mark of the Year; the medal awarded to the winner now bears his name. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the award was decided by

"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017"
or in relation to an official football match during November 2016 to August 2017. The award was given to the most outstanding ”fair-play” gesture/behaviour of the year (an act of fair play either on the pitch or in relation to an official football match — which could also include any amateur league). The shortlist was announced on 22 September 2017. The three finalists were announced on 9 October 2017. Olivier Giroud won the award with over 36% of the vote. The award celebrates the best fan moment of November 2016 to August 2017, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The

weekly winner on the AFL website. After the regular season's end, the title is given to a single mark, which is chosen by the All-Australian selection committee; the public is not given a say in the final outcome. The selection committee is not restricted to choosing a winner from the mark of the week winners; indeed, in 2010, the two favourites both came in round 21, and although the public voted Brendon Goddard as mark of the week, the selection panel named Jurrah as Mark of the Year. The winner is announced during grand final week. AFL Mark of the

"PFA Team of the Year (2010s)"
10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian

"J. Wellington Wimpy"
a time – e.g., in ""Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor"" he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself. A recurring joke involves Wimpy's attempts to con other patrons of the diner owned by Rough House into buying his meal for him. His best-known catchphrase started in 1931 as, ""Cook me up a hamburger. I'll pay you Thursday."" In 1932, this then became the famous, ""I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."" Rough House explains why Wimpy is able to get

away with this tactic in one strip, stating that ""He never comes around on Tuesday"". Rough House once suffered a mental breakdown from Wimpy's shenanigans, and demanded that Wimpy be kept out of his hospital room. Wimpy disobeyed this command, resulting in a rare altercation with Popeye. The phrase was also slightly altered in the episode ""Spree Lunch"" to ""I'll have a hamburger, for which I will gladly pay you Tuesday."" This phrase is now commonly used to illustrate financial irresponsibility and still appears in modern comedies such as ""The Drew Carey Show"" and ""The Office"". The initial part of

the phrase was even the title of Episode 6 of the fourth season of ""Cheers"" ""I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday."" In Robert Altman's 1980 live-action musical film ""Popeye,"" where Wimpy was played by veteran character actor Paul Dooley, one of Harry Nilsson's original songs, ""Everything Is Food"", featured Dooley singing the catch-phrase, as he took a hamburger, as ""I would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."" The response from the chorus, as they reclaimed the same hamburger from him, uneaten, was ""He would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."" Later in the film, a sign in

signature phrase, ""I will gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today"", became popular and widely known. During the height of his popularity in the 1930s, Wimpy introduced the hamburger to the youth of the time as a healthy food. It also resulted in the creation of a chain of fast food restaurants called Wimpy's in his honor, which sold hamburgers for ten cents. In a similar fashion, the fictional character Jughead Jones, who first appeared in Archie Comics in 1941, was passionate about food generally, and hamburgers specifically. Fictional characters related to the hamburger, such as the Ronald McDonald

"30,000 Pounds of Bananas"
singing the first verse of ""Taxi"" in the form of an upbeat disco style that concludes with Chapin telling him ""it sucks."" ""The Bottom Line"" CD features the four endings along with ""Final Concert."" Other recorded examples of the song with all four endings include performances at Knoxville Memorial Stadium on March 7, 1979; the Coffee Break Concert broadcast on WMMS Cleveland on December 5, 1979; and the Boston University concert on April 1, 1981. ""Harry, it sucks"" became a popular catchphrase among Chapin's fans, to the point where T-shirts sporting the phrase would be offered at his concerts. Chapin

"Tribute penny"
Lucius on the reverse, while coins of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Germanicus are all considered possibilities. A similar episode occurs in the Gospel of Thomas (verse 100), but there the coin in question is gold. Tribute penny The tribute penny was the coin that was shown to Jesus when he made his famous speech ""Render unto Caesar..."" The phrase comes from the King James Version of the gospel account: Jesus is asked, ""Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?"" (Mark ) and he replies, ""bring me a penny, that I may see it"" (). The Greek

"Gloria Ann Taylor"
Gloria Ann Taylor Gloria Ann Taylor (September 13, 1944 – December 8, 2017), sometimes credited as Gloria Taylor, was an American R&B and soul singer. Her biggest hit was ""You Got to Pay the Price"" in 1969, and her early 1970s recordings with producer and husband Walter Whisenhunt became sought-after rare grooves before being reissued in the 2010s. She was born in Dehue, West Virginia, and moved to Toledo, Ohio at the age of two with her mother and siblings. As a child, she had rheumatic fever, and was not expected to live to adulthood. She studied at Feilbach School

"Paid My Dues"
Paid My Dues ""Paid My Dues"" is a song by American recording artist Anastacia from her second studio album, ""Freak of Nature"" (2001). It was released on November 6, 2001 as the album's lead single. The song was written by Anastacia, Greg Lawson, Damon Sharpe and LaMenga Kafi, and produced by Ric Wake with additional production by Richie Jones. The song became an overall hit, reaching number one in Denmark, Italy, Norway and Switzerland as well as the top ten in several other mainland European countries. ""Paid My Dues"" was written by Anastacia, LaMenga Kafi, Greg Lawson and Damon Sharpe,

"Johnny Paycheck"
Johnny Paycheck Johnny Paycheck (born Donald Eugene Lytle; May 31, 1938 – February 19, 2003) was an American country music singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and Grand Ole Opry member notable for recording the David Allan Coe song ""Take This Job and Shove It"". He achieved his greatest success in the 1970s as a force in country music's ""Outlaw Movement"" popularized by artists Coe, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Billy Joe Shaver, and Merle Haggard. In the 1980s, his music career slowed due to drug, alcohol and legal problems. He served a prison sentence in the early 1990s and his declining health effectively ended

Tribute penny The tribute penny was the coin that was shown to Jesus when he made his famous speech ""Render unto Caesar..."" The phrase comes from the King James Version of the gospel account: Jesus is asked, ""Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?"" (Mark ) and he replies, ""bring me a penny, that I may see it"" (). The Greek text uses the word ""dēnarion"", and it is usually thought that the coin was a Roman denarius with the head of Tiberius. It is this coin that is sold and collected as the ""tribute penny,"" and

in seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the

"2017 Major League Baseball season"
2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5–1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the

2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the ""2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV"". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the

"2017 American League Championship Series"
2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major

Game seven A game seven is the final game of a best of seven series. This game can occur in the postseasons for Major League Baseball (MLB) (League Championship Series and World Series), the National Basketball Association (NBA) (all rounds of the NBA playoffs), and the National Hockey League (NHL) (all rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs). The game is generally played at the site of the team holding the home advantage across the series. The nature of a best-of-seven series requires that the series be tied at three games apiece going into game seven, such that either team can

Series between the Texas Rangers and Houston Astros from August 29 to 31 was moved from Minute Maid Park to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. Although the Astros were the designated home team, they wore their away uniforms during the series while the Rangers wore their home uniforms. The Astros returned to Minute Maid Park for a three-game series with the New York Mets, beginning with a split doubleheader on September 2. The Tampa Bay Rays' three-game set with the New York Yankees from September 11 to 13 was moved from Tropicana Field to Queens' Citi Field due to

6, and 7; and the Astros hosting Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year. The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game. This was the first Fall Classic since , and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season. The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the

received $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14 The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting. The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was ""Houston Astros' Day"". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade. Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of ""Sports Illustrated"" November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a ""Sports Illustrated"" from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series. 2017 World Series The 2017 World

"Wynonna Earp (TV series)"
season was released on April 1, 2017, and the trailer released officially by IGN on May 19, 2017. Syfy released the poster for the season on May 24, 2017. Season 2 premiered on June 9, 2017, on Syfy and Space. Filming of Season 3 began January 15, 2018, and wrapped on May 7, 2018. On February 5, 2018, the series announced the casting of Megan Follows in the role of Michelle Earp, the mother of Wynonna Earp. In March 2018, Syfy and Space announced that Zoie Palmer had joined the series as a guest star in the role of Jolene;

and Space. The first episode of the season was released as a special broadcast by Syfy on July 16, 2018, at 11 p.m. Eastern, in advance of the season premiere. ""Wynonna Earp"" premiered in the United Kingdom on Spike on July 29, 2016, at 9:00 p.m. The series premiered in Australia on Spike on February 5, 2017. In the UK, Season 2 premiered on Spike on June 13, 2017, at 10:00 p.m. Season 3 premiered on 5Spike on July 27, 2018, at 10:00 p.m. The series is distributed internationally on Netflix. ""Wynonna Earp"" became available on Amazon Video as video

followed by the announcement that Chantel Riley had been cast in the recurring role of a bounty hunter character named Kate. Bell Media announced on April 24 that musician Jann Arden had joined the cast as Bunny Loblaw, a member of Purgatory's town council. The key art for the season was released on June 5, 2018, along with photos of the cast. Syfy's trailer for the third season was released on June 8, 2018. Space released its trailer on June 15, 2018. The episode titles were released on June 19, 2018. Season 3 premiered on July 20, 2018, on Syfy

Canada, ""Wynonna Earp"" moved from CHCH-DT to Space effective April 15, 2017. In anticipation of the premiere of Season 2, Space began airing Season 1 on the same date with a special double-episode series debut. Season 2 premiered simultaneously on Syfy and Space on June 9, 2017. On July 22, 2017, David Ozer, president of IDW Entertainment, announced at the show's SDCC panel that the series had been renewed for a third season with the premiere scheduled for 2018. Space announced on the same day that it had ordered 12 episodes for a third season, together with Syfy. Andras credited

""Wynonna Earp""'s passionate fan base (nicknamed ""Earpers"") with gaining the renewal. Season 3 debuted with a special preview on July 16, before its official premiere on Syfy and Space on July 20, 2018. On July 21, 2018, the renewal by Syfy and Space for a fourth season was announced at SDCC. The season will comprise 12 episodes and is scheduled to premiere in 2019. Wynonna Earp, the great-great-granddaughter of legendary lawman Wyatt Earp, battles revenants, the reincarnated outlaws that Wyatt killed. She also fights other supernatural beings that inhabit the Ghost River Triangle, a cursed territory near the Canadian Rockies

"Wynonna Earp"
name of her legendary great grandfather Wyatt Earp once and for all. The teaser trailer for the new series was released in January 2016. ""Wynonna Earp"" premiered in the United States on Syfy on April 1, 2016, and in Canada on CHCH-DT on April 4, 2016. The series was renewed for a second season on July 23, 2016. Season 2 premiered on Syfy and Space (Canada) on June 9, 2017. It was renewed for a third season on July 22, 2017. In 2017, ""Wynonna Earp"" was nominated for a Dragon Award for Best Comic Book: ""Wynonna Earp Legends"" by Beau

on demand on May 6, 2016. In December 2016, SEVEN24 Films producer Jordy Randall announced in an interview with the ""Calgary Herald"" that Season 1 would be streaming on Netflix. The series became available on Netflix in the United States on April 1, 2017; and in Canada on April 5, 2017. The Season 1 DVD for Region 4 and Blu-ray for Region B were released first in Australia by Roadshow Entertainment on May 3, 2017. The Season 2 DVD was released in Region 4 and the Blu-ray in Region B by Roadshow Entertainment on November 1, 2017. A crowdfunding campaign

second season, Melanie Scrofano found out that she was pregnant. Emily Andras decided to incorporate her pregnancy in the arc of the titular character, she informed IDW Entertainment of the prospective storyline, and Syfy added two more episodes, increasing Season 2 from 10 to 12 episodes. Season 2 began filming in Calgary and surrounding areas from December 12, 2016, to April 13, 2017. Additional location shooting took place in Springbank, Alberta. The recurring cast was joined by Varun Saranga in the role of Jeremy Chetri and Tamara Duarte as Rosita. The 'sneak peek' of the teaser trailer for the new

for a region free Blu-ray release was launched on May 23, 2017, by IDW Entertainment on Indiegogo. In the United States, Season 1 averaged a total rating of 0.13 with 0.56 million viewers. The season received an 85% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 6.11/10. Metacritic gave it an average score of 68 out of 100. Season 2 averaged a 0.12 rating in the U.S. with 0.50 million viewers. Viewership among women aged 18–34 increased 44 percent, representing more than half of ""Wynonna Earp""s audience. The season received a 100% approval rating on Rotten

Wynonna Earp (TV series) Wynonna Earp ( ) is a supernatural Western horror television series. Developed by Emily Andras, the Canadian-American production is based on the comic book series by Beau Smith. Melanie Scrofano plays the series' titular character. ""Wynonna Earp"" premiered in the United States on Syfy on April 1, 2016. The series premiered in Canada on CHCH-DT on April 4. On July 23, 2016, the renewal for a second season was announced at the ""Wynonna Earp"" panel at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC). Originally slated for ten episodes, the season was increased to 12 episodes in October 2016. In

Juan. Musically, the Dominican Republic is known for the world popular musical style and genre called ""merengue"", a type of lively, fast-paced rhythm and dance music consisting of a tempo of about 120 to 160 beats per minute (though it varies) based on musical elements like drums, brass, chorded instruments, and accordion, as well as some elements unique to the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, such as the ""tambora"" and ""güira"". Its syncopated beats use Latin percussion, brass instruments, bass, and piano or keyboard. Between 1937 and 1950 merengue music was promoted internationally by Dominican groups like Billo's Caracas Boys, Chapuseaux and Damiron

"Music of the Dominican Republic"
Music of the Dominican Republic The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West African, European, and native Taino influences. The Dominican Republic is mainly known for its merengue and bachata music, both of which are the most popular forms of music in the country. Merengue is a musical genre native to the Dominican Republic. It has a moderate to very fast 2/4 rhythm played on güira (metal scraper) and the double-headed tambora. The accordion is also common. Traditional, accordion-based merengue is usually termed merengue típico and is still played by living accordionists like Francisco Ulloa, Fefita la

Grande, El Ciego de Nagua, and Rafaelito Román. More modern merengues incorporate electric instruments and influences from salsa, and rock and roll. Choruses are often sung in a call and response form by two or three back-up singers, or more traditionally, by the musicians playing tambora or güira. Beginning in the 1960s, dancing became a part of the singers' work with Johnny Ventura's Combo Show format, and is now a staple of many of the genre's biggest stars. Lyrically, irony and double entendres are common Merengue continued to be limited in popularity to the lower classes, especially in the Cibao

salve group of Enerolisa Nuñez, from Villa Mella, is one of the most widely listened to - thanks to her inclusion in merengue-star Kinito Méndez's salve-merengue fusion album A Palo Limpio as well as an excellent recording of her group by the Bayahonda Cultural Foundation. Palo, also known as Atabales is a Dominican sacred music that can be found throughout the island. The drum and human voice are the principal instruments. Palo is played at religious ceremonies - usually coinciding with saint's days - as well as for secular parties and special occasions. Its roots are in the Congo region

"People of the Dominican Republic"
Dominican Republic is known for the creation of the musical style called ""merengue"", a type of lively, fast-paced rhythm and dance music consisting of a tempo of about 120 to 160 beats per minute (it varies wildly) based on musical elements like drums, brass, and chorded instruments, as well as some elements unique to the music style of the DR. It includes the use of the ""tambora"" (Dominican drum), accordion, and ""güira"". Its syncopated beats use Latin percussion, brass instruments, bass, and piano or keyboard. Between 1937 and 1950 the merengue music was promoted internationally, by some Dominicans groups like,

became popular. Bachata grew out of, and is still closely related to, the pan-Latin American romantic style called ""bolero"". Over time, it has been influenced by merengue and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles. Palo is an Afro-Dominican sacred music that can be found throughout the island. The drum and human voice are the principal instruments. Palo is played at religious ceremonies—usually coinciding with saints' religious feast days—as well as for secular parties and special occasions. Its roots are in the Congo region of central-west Africa, but it is mixed with European influences in the melodies. Salsa music

and many still sing a sacred, a cappella salve that preserves the medieval modes of old Spanish hymns. The ecstatic salve played at religious parties however, is all about percussion – featuring large numbers of tambourines playing interlocking rhythms and a melodic drum called the balsie, whose player alters the pitch by applying pressure with his foot. Salve may be played in fewer parts of the country but it’s one of the best-known sounds, largely because it’s the sound of choice in Villa Mella, a poor suburb of the capital often thought of as the epicenter of Afro-Dominican traditions. The

merengue in their repertoire. Also, piano and brass instruments were added in merengue-oriented big bands, a trend towards upward mobility popularizing by Luis Alberti's group in Santiago de los Caballeros. On the other hand, merengue that continued to use an accordion became known (rather disrespectfully) as ""perico ripiao"" (""ripped parrot""). It was because of all this that merengue became and still is the Dominican Republic’s national music and dance. In the 1960s, a new group of artists (most famously Johnny Ventura) incorporated American R&B and rock and roll influences, along with Cuban salsa music. The instrumentation changed, with accordion replaced

still sung in call and response, one person sings out a line and all others reply in song also. Salve is a call-and-response type of singing that uses güira, panderos, at yales and other African instruments. Salves are highly ceremonial and are used in pilgrimages and at parties dedicated to voodoo saints. Salve is a ritual inspired by religion and music with roots in both African and Hispanic cultures. Salve is related to palo that is played in a lot of the same contexts and rhythm, but with different instruments. The name comes from the Salve Regina, a catholic psalm,

negative connotation, one should remember that bachata has been widely accepted through many, though not all, classes of Dominican society. Bachata evolved from bolero, a Pan-American style said to have originated in Cuba. The guitars (lead, rhythm, and bass) are the principal instruments in bachata. They are accompanied by the bongo and güira (which has replaced the maracas). The Dominican bourgeoisie at first dismissed bachata as worthless and it was therefore given the name bachata, meaning a rowdy lower-class fiesta (party). Until fairly recently, bachata was informally banned from Dominican radio and television. Despite this, bachata flourished and has now

"America's Army"
more advanced hardcore mode. The game also features updated versions of Hospital and Bridge. Set in the fictional Republic of the Ostregals, players assume the role of an 11B Infantryman practicing combat maneuvers at Joint Training Center Griffin (aka The Proving Grounds), a MOUT (Military Operations on Urban Terrain) training environment quickly assembled using existing building infrastructure, Conex shipping containers and local materials. This training is crucial to the player's success as part of the Long Range Combined Arms – Recon (LRCA-R) team, a full spectrum capable unit for doing special operations missions deep behind enemy lines. ""America's Army: Proving

"Army Black Knights"
Army Black Knights The Army Black Knights are the athletic teams that represent the United States Military Academy. In sports contexts, the teams are commonly referred to as simply Army. They participate in NCAA Division I-A as a non-football member of the Patriot League, a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision independent school and a member of Atlantic Hockey, the Collegiate Sprint Football League (men), the Eastern Intercollegiate Gymnastics League (men), the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association, the Great America Rifle Conference, the National Collegiate Boxing Association, the National Collegiate Paintball Association and the National Intercollegiate Women's Fencing Association. Army is also

stands for the duration of the game. At all home games, one of the four regiments marches onto the field in formation before the team takes the field and leads the crowd in traditional Army cheers. From 1992 through 1996, Army won all of the games against Navy for the first time since the legendary days of Blanchard and Davis, and it introduced the fraternal group of players identifying themselves as the Fat Man Club, initiated by the offensive linemen of the Class of 1996. Between the 1998 and 2004 seasons, Army's football program was a member of Conference USA,

"United States Army Central"
to theater ARFOR commands, as well as directed Army support to other services. Previously, in Saudi Arabia, its bases include King Abdul Aziz Air Base, King Fahad Air Base, King Khalid Air Base, Eskan Village Air Base and Riyadh Air Base. The Army moved all its bases and equipment to Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar in 2003. Focusing primarily on the Middle East, Central Command and Third Army's area of responsibility (AOR) is a large and complex region. It stretches from the Central Asian States to the Horn of Africa. The AOR encompasses an area of approximately consisting of 27

a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program. There are forty-five academic majors, the most popular of which are foreign languages, management information systems, history, economics, and mechanical engineering. West Point is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Military officers compose 75% of the faculty, while civilian professors make up the remaining 25%. A cadet's class rank, which determines his or her Army branch and assignment upon graduation, is calculated as a combination of academic performance (55%), military leadership performance

(Firstie) class academically), and the ""Engineers"" (the top half). The game is played with full pads and helmets using eight-man football rules. The location has changed over the years, with recent venues being Shea Stadium, Michie Stadium, and Daly Field. Legend states that Army will beat Navy if the goats win, and the opposite if the engineers win. In recent years, female cadets have begun playing a flag football contest, so there are now two Goat-Engineer games, played consecutively the same night. From the earliest days of the academy, one form of punishment for cadets who commit regulatory infractions has

United States Army Central The United States Army Central, formerly the Third United States Army, commonly referred to as the Third Army and as ARCENT is a military formation of the United States Army, which saw service in World War I and World War II, in the 1991 Gulf War, and in the coalition occupation of Iraq. It is best known for its campaigns in World War II under the command of General George S. Patton. Third Army is headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina with a forward element at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait. It serves as the echelon

"Army Combat Uniform"
the existing industrial infrastructure which produced the now-obsolete BDU. Official military-grade ACUs are made of 50% nylon and 50% cotton. All other blends are not official issue. In early 2004, some U.S. Army soldiers in Iraq were issued the ""Close Combat Uniform"" a variant of the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) that featured new innovations such as shoulder pockets affixed with hook-and-loop ""Velcro"" fasteners, chest-worn rank insignia, and a new collar. The experimental features used on the CCU were eventually incorporated into the ACU, which was publicly announced in June 2004. The process of replacing the U.S. Army's woodland pattern BDU

"Army Black Knights football"
of Conference USA, Army has competed as an independent, meaning that they have no affiliation with any conference. Currently, Army is one of six FBS schools whose football teams do not belong to any conference; the others being BYU, Liberty, New Mexico State, Notre Dame, and UMass. However, all of these schools belong to conferences for all other sports. Army is primarily a member of the Patriot League, BYU is primarily a member of the West Coast Conference, Liberty is in the ASUN Conference, New Mexico State is in the Western Athletic Conference, Notre Dame is part of the Atlantic

"California Military Institute"
California Military Institute California Military Institute is a publicly funded charter school located in Perris, California, which serves grades 5-12. It is attended by 1100 students. It is part of the Perris Union High School District. The California Military Institute is also known by its abbreviation: CMI. C.M.I's mascot is Theodore ""Teddy"" Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Students are affiliated with the California Cadet Corps. The California MIlitary Institute is now given free uniforms from the CACC, because of this students no longer have to pay for their uniforms. Highschool students are required to wear the uniform ACU. Middle School/Elementary School students

"Mean Old World"
Mean Old World ""Mean Old World"" is a blues song recorded by American blues electric guitar musician T-Bone Walker in 1942. It has been described (along with the single's B-side) as ""the first important blues recordings on the electric guitar"". Over the years it has been interpreted and recorded by numerous blues, jazz and rock and roll artists. T-Bone Walker began performing ""Mean Old World"" when he was with Les Hite and His Orchestra from 1939 to 1940. After leaving Hite's band, Walker continued to develop and refine his style on the Los Angeles club circuit. On July 20, 1942,

Chess Records. It was recast as a Chicago blues, with Walter's amplified harmonica prominently featured and several new lyrics substituted. The song was a hit, reaching number six on the Billboard R&B chart, where it remained for six weeks in 1953. Backing Little Walter are the Aces, with guitarists Louis and Dave Myers and drummer Fred Below. T-Bone Walker's Capitol version was released before ""Billboard"" magazine or a similar service began tracking such releases, so it is difficult to gauge which version was more popular. Little Walter received the sole credit for his recording. Mean Old World ""Mean Old World""

he recorded ""Mean Old World"" for Capitol Records. The song was performed in the West Coast blues style, with a small combo of pianist Freddie Slack, bassist Jud DeNaut, and drummer Dave Coleman accompanying Walker on vocal and guitar. ""Mean Old World"" ""showcased T-Bones's new, and already developed, style, in which he answered his smoky, soulful vocal phrases with deft, stinging, jazz-inflected lead lines on his electric guitar"". Capitol released the song in November 1945, with ""I Got a Break, Baby"", as the third disc in a five 10-inch record collection ""The History of Jazz, Volume 3: Then Came Swing""

the ones in L.A. later. They were big band numbers, more like what I recorded with Hite"". However, the opening verses remained the same: This anticipated future versions, in which new lyrics would be added to the familiar opening lines. On December 14, 1956, Walker recorded another version for Atlantic Records that was released on the acclaimed 1959 album ""T-Bone Blues"". He is backed by a small combo with Lloyd Glenn on piano, Billy Hadnot on bass, and Oscar Bradley on drums. In October 1952, Little Walter recorded his version of ""Mean Old World"" for Checker Records, a subsidiary of

(Capitol Criterion CE 18). Capitol later issued it as a single in 1947 (Capitol 15003). Because of a recording ban, T-Bone Walker did not record again until October 10, 1944, for the Rhumboogie label in Chicago. He recorded a variation on ""Mean Old World"", initially designated ""T-Bone Blues No. 2"". When Rhumboogie released it in 1946, it was retitled ""Mean Old World Blues"". It did not feature Walker's guitar as prominently (the backing group, Marl Young's Orchestra, had a five-piece horn section) and some new lyrics were substituted. Walker commented ""those sides were not so hot, not as good as

"Mean (song)"
Mean (song) ""Mean"" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, ""Speak Now"" (2010). Produced by Swift alongside Nathan Chapman, the song was sent to country radio in the United States on March 13, 2011, as the third single from ""Speak Now"". ""Mean"" garnered positive reviews from critics for its lyrical detail and profound country sound. The song received commercial success in the United States and Canada, debuting at number 11 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number ten on the Canadian Hot 100. The song also appeared on the Australian Singles

"Johnny Rebel (singer)"
Rebel song ""Some Niggers Never Die (They Just Smell That Way)"" was used in the film ""What Is It?"", directed by Crispin Glover. Johnny Rebel (singer) Clifford Joseph Trahan (September 25, 1938 – September 3, 2016), best known as Johnny Rebel and Pee Wee Trahan, was an American white supremacist singer, songwriter, and musician. Trahan used the Johnny Rebel name for a series of recordings for J. D. ""Jay"" Miller's Reb Rebel label in the 1960s, which feature overtly racist lyrics. Trahan was born in Moss Bluff, Louisiana in 1938 to Homer Trahan and Elizabeth Breaux Taylor. His songs frequently

"Mean Mr. Mustard"
Mean Mr. Mustard ""Mean Mr. Mustard"" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney), recorded by The Beatles and released on their album ""Abbey Road"" as the third song of its B-side medley. The ""Abbey Road"" version was recorded with ""Sun King"" in one continuous piece. The song was written in India; Lennon said that it was inspired by a newspaper story about a miser who concealed his cash wherever he could in order to prevent people from forcing him to spend it. On reflection, Lennon did not think highly of the composition, dismissing it in ""Anthology"" as

2018 during her Reputation Stadium Tour as the surprise song for the first Dublin show. Mean (song) ""Mean"" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, ""Speak Now"" (2010). Produced by Swift alongside Nathan Chapman, the song was sent to country radio in the United States on March 13, 2011, as the third single from ""Speak Now"". ""Mean"" garnered positive reviews from critics for its lyrical detail and profound country sound. The song received commercial success in the United States and Canada, debuting at number 11 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and

League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; this ALCS was sponsored by Camping World and was officially known as the American League Championship Series presented by Camping World. The Astros would go on to defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series in seven games, winning their first World Series championship in franchise history. The Astros defeated the Boston Red Sox 3–1 in the 2017 American League Division Series (ALDS). This is the Astros' fifth appearance in a League Championship Series, and their first since transferring from the National League to the American League. Their

"2017 Houston Astros season"
in four games. Houston then advanced to the AL Championship Series (ALCS) and defeated the New York Yankees in seven games for their first American League pennant. It was the second league championship in franchise history, and first since 2005 and they became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. Finally, the Astros faced and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the World Series, garnering the first World Series title in franchise history. During the regular season, the Astros featured the

advanced to their first World Series in 12 years, becoming the first team to win pennants in both leagues. Houston's victory made this just the fifth best-of-seven series (following the 1987, 1991, and 2001 World Series, and the 2004 National League Championship Series), and the first ALCS, in which the home team won all seven games. This was also Joe Girardi's final game as Yankees manager as 5 days after the game the Yankees announced that he would not be coming back for the 2018 season. 2017 ALCS (4–3): Houston Astros beat New York Yankees. 2017 American League Championship Series

"History of sound recording"
History of sound recording The history of sound recording - which has progressed in waves, driven by the invention and commercial introduction of new technologies — can be roughly divided into four main periods: Experiments in capturing sound on a recording medium for preservation and reproduction began in earnest during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s. Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Scott's Phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Digital recording emerged in

"Analog recording"
different from digital recording where digital signals are quantized and represented as discrete numbers. The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. The phonograph was the first machine used to capture and reproduce analog sound, and was invented by the well-known inventor Thomas Edison in 1877. Edison incorporated various elements into his Phonograph that would become staples that can be found in recording devices to this day. For a sound to be recorded by the Phonograph, it has to go through three distinct steps. First, the sound enters a cone-shaped component of the device, called the microphone diaphragm.

which recorded well, often substituted instruments such as cellos and bass fiddles, which did not. In some early jazz recordings, a block of wood was used in place of the bass drum, which could easily overload the recording diaphragm. In 1857, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville invented the phonautograph, the first device that could record sound waves as they passed through the air. It was intended only for visual study of the recording and could not play back the sound. The recording medium was a sheet of soot-coated paper wrapped around a rotating cylinder carried on a threaded rod. A stylus,

multiple originals. Still, a single ""take"" would ultimately yield only a few hundred copies at best, so performers were booked for marathon recording sessions in which they had to repeat their most popular numbers over and over again. By 1902, successful molding processes for manufacturing prerecorded cylinders had been developed. The wax cylinder got a competitor with the advent of the Gramophone, which was patented by Emile Berliner in 1887. The vibration of the Gramophone's recording stylus was horizontal, parallel to the recording surface, resulting in a zig-zag groove of constant depth. This is known as lateral recording. Berliner's original

the most substantial results. The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, could both record sound and play it back. The earliest type of phonograph sold recorded on a thin sheet of tinfoil wrapped around a grooved metal cylinder. A stylus connected to a sound-vibrated diaphragm indented the foil into the groove as the cylinder rotated. The stylus vibration was at a right angle to the recording surface, so the depth of the indentation varied with the audio-frequency changes in air pressure that carried the sound. This arrangement is known as vertical or ""hill-and-dale"" recording. The sound could be played

the late 20th century, and has since flourished with the popularity of digital music and online streaming services. The earliest practical recording technologies were entirely mechanical devices. These recorders typically used a large conical horn to collect and focus the physical air pressure of the sound waves produced by the human voice or musical instruments. A sensitive membrane or diaphragm, located at the apex of the cone, was connected to an articulated scriber or stylus, and as the changing air pressure moved the diaphragm back and forth, the stylus scratched or incised an analogue of the sound waves onto a

"Sound recording and reproduction"
between 1,000,000 and 1,500,000 piano rolls produced. The first device that could record actual sounds as they passed through the air (but could not play them back—the purpose was only visual study) was the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. The earliest known recordings of the human voice are phonautograph recordings, called ""phonautograms"", made in 1857. They consist of sheets of paper with sound-wave-modulated white lines created by a vibrating stylus that cut through a coating of soot as the paper was passed under it. An 1860 phonautogram of Au Clair de la Lune, a

attached to a diaphragm through a series of levers, traced a line through the soot, creating a graphic record of the motions of the diaphragm as it was minutely propelled back and forth by the audio-frequency variations in air pressure. In the spring of 1877 another inventor, Charles Cros, suggested that the process could be reversed by using photoengraving to convert the traced line into a groove that would guide the stylus, causing the original stylus vibrations to be recreated, passed on to the linked diaphragm, and sent back into the air as sound. An inventor from America soon eclipsed

was originally used to record speeches, meetings, and telephone calls, rather than music. Fans of modern record players are already familiar with one very early improvement on the phonograph, known as the gramophone. Inventor Emile Berliner created the device in 1887, only ten years after Edison's original device. Berliner's main improvement to the phonograph was related to the component of the device that actually held the recorded information. The previously used tinfoil cylinders were awkwardly shaped, making them hard to store. They could also not be reproduced economically, which was another reason why they were not seen as a viable

Phonautograph
Phonautograph The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. Previously, tracings had been obtained of the sound-producing vibratory motions of tuning forks and other objects by physical contact with them, but not of actual sound waves as they propagated through air or other media. Invented by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, it was patented on March 25, 1857. It transcribed sound waves as undulations or other deviations in a line traced on smoke-blackened paper or glass. Intended solely as a laboratory instrument for the study of acoustics, it could be used to visually study and measure the amplitude

"Indian National Congress"
Commons (1892–1895). Congress also included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Mohammed Ali Jinnah. Jinnah was a member of the moderate group in the Congress, favouring Hindu–Muslim unity in achieving self-government. Later he became the leader of the Muslim League and instrumental in the creation of Pakistan. Congress was transformed into a mass movement by Surendranath Banerjee during the partition of Bengal in 1905, and the resultant Swadeshi movement. Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915. With the help of the moderate group led by Ghokhale, Gandhi became president of Congress. After

moderates led by Gokhale, who downplayed public agitation, and the new extremists who advocated agitation, and regarded the pursuit of social reform as a distraction from nationalism. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who tried to mobilise Hindu Indians by appealing to an explicitly Hindu political identity displayed in the annual public Ganapati festivals he inaugurated in western India, was prominent among the extremists. Congress included a number of prominent political figures. Dadabhai Naoroji, a member of the sister Indian National Association, was elected president of the party in 1886 and was the first Indian Member of Parliament in the British House of

the First World War, the party became associated with Gandhi, who remained its unofficial spiritual leader and icon. He formed an alliance with the Khilafat Movement in 1920 to fight for preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate, and rights for Indians using civil disobedience or ""satyagraha"" as the tool for agitation. In 1923, after the deaths of policemen at Chauri Chaura, Gandhi suspended the agitation. In protest, a number of leaders, Chittaranjan Das, Annie Besant, and Motilal Nehru, resigned to set up the Swaraj Party. The Khilafat movement collapsed and Congress was split. The rise of Gandhi's popularity and his ""satyagraha""

art of revolution led to support from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Chakravarti Rajgopalachari, Dr. Anugraha Narayan Sinha, Jayaprakash Narayan, Jivatram Kripalani, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. As a result of prevailing nationalism, Gandhi's popularity, and the party's attempts at eradicating caste differences, untouchability, poverty, and religious and ethnic divisions, Congress became a forceful and dominant group. Although its members were predominantly Hindu, it had members from other religions, economic classes, and ethnic and linguistic groups. At the Congress 1929 Lahore session under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru,

1964, Nehru died because of an aortic dissection, raising questions about the party's future. K. Kamaraj became the president of the All India Congress Committee in 1963 during the last year of Nehru's life. Prior to that, he had been the chief minister of Madras state for nine years. Kamraj had also been a member of ""the syndicate"", a group of right wing leaders within Congress.In 1963 the Congress lost popularity following the defeat in the Indo-Chinese war of 1962.To revitalize the party, Kamraj proposed the Kamaraj Plan to Nehru that encouraged six Congress chief ministers (including himself) and six

senior cabinet ministers to resign to take up party work. After Nehru's death in May 1964, Kamaraj was widely credited as the ""kingmaker"" in Indian politics for ensuring the victory of Lal Bahadur Shastri over Morarji Desai as the successor of Nehru. As prime minister, Shastri retained many members of Nehru's Council of Ministers; T. T. Krishnamachari was retained as Finance Minister of India, as was Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan. Shastri appointed Swaran Singh to succeed him as External Affairs Minister. Shashtri appointed Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru's daughter and former party president, Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Gulzarilal Nanda continued

""Jai Jawan Jai Kisan"" (""Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer""), became very popular during the war. On 11 January 1966, a day after signing the Tashkent Declaration, Shastri died in Tashkent, reportedly of a heart attack; but the circumstances of his death remain mysterious. After Shastri's death, Congress elected Indira Gandhi as leader over Morarji Desai. Once again, politician K. Kamaraj was instrumental in achieving this result. In 1967, following a poor performance in the general election, Indira Gandhi started moving towards the political left. In mid-1969, she was involved in a dispute with senior party leaders on a number

"History of the Indian National Congress"
had the backing of the people and a whole new generation of Indian nationalists as well as British Raj. In a series of sessions in 1918, 1919 and 1920, where the old and the new generations clashed in famous and important debates, Gandhi and his young supporters imbued the Congress rank-and-file with passion and energy to combat British rule directly. With the tragedy of the 1919 Amritsar Massacre and the riots in Punjab, Indian anger and passions were palpable and radical. With the election of Mohandas K. Gandhi to the presidency of the Indian National Congress, the battle of the

History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, until the time India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, as well as the central and defining influence of the long Indian Independence Movement. After India became independent, Mahatma Gandhi asked the leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress, and to form a new organisation to govern the nation. Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer Allan Octavian Hume founded the Indian National Congress

following December was issued. Due to a cholera outbreak there, it was moved to Bombay. Hume organised the first meeting in Bombay with the approval of the Viceroy Lord Dufferin. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of Congress; the first session was attended by 72 delegates. Representing each province of India. Notable representatives included Scottish ICS officer William Wedderburn, Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta of the Bombay Presidency Association, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, social reformer and newspaper editor Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Justice K. T. Telang, N. G. Chandavarkar, Dinshaw Wacha, Behramji Malabari, journalist and activist Gooty

"Richard Tardits"
Richard Tardits Richard Tardits (born July 30, 1965), is a former American football linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League, and a former rugby player for the United States national rugby union team. He held the record for most sacks in a career at the University of Georgia, until surpassed by David Pollack in 2004, and he was referred to as 'Le Sack' by fans because of his French birth. Tardits was born in Bayonne, France. He was former player on the French junior national rugby team and a participant in the Running of the Bulls

"Michael Strahan"
Michael Strahan Michael Anthony Strahan (; born November 21, 1971) is a former American football defensive end who spent his entire 15-year career with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). Strahan set a record for the most sacks in a season in 2001, and helped the Giants win Super Bowl XLII over the New England Patriots in his final season in 2007. After retiring from the NFL, Strahan became a media personality. Strahan was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014. He is currently a football analyst on ""Fox NFL Sunday"", and served

of the sneakers were donated to Nike's Let Me Play global campaign. Michael Strahan Michael Anthony Strahan (; born November 21, 1971) is a former American football defensive end who spent his entire 15-year career with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). Strahan set a record for the most sacks in a season in 2001, and helped the Giants win Super Bowl XLII over the New England Patriots in his final season in 2007. After retiring from the NFL, Strahan became a media personality. Strahan was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014.

"Tony Cline"
the NFL. Tony Cline Anthony Cline (July 25, 1948 – July 23, 2018) was an American football defensive end who played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Oakland Raiders from 1970 to 1975 and the San Francisco 49ers from 1976 to 1977. He played college football at the University of Miami. Some researchers claim that he holds the American Football Conference (AFC) rookie sack record with 17½ in 1970, but the NFL has only recognized a sack as an official statistic since 1982, so Cline's record is not officially recognized. His son, Tony Cline Jr., also

"Mark Messner"
Mark Messner Mark W. Messner (born December 29, 1965) is a former American football player. Messner played college football for the University of Michigan. He started every game, 49 in all, at defensive tackle for Michigan from 1985 to 1988. He was the first position player ever to be selected as a first-team All-Big Ten Conference player all four years. He was selected as a first-team All-American by the ""Sporting News"" in 1987 and was a consensus All-American in 1988. He set still holds Michigan records for quarterback sacks in a game (5), career tackles for loss (70), and career

"Pat Swilling"
Pat Swilling Patrick Travis Swilling (born October 25, 1964) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the New Orleans Saints, Detroit Lions, and the Oakland Raiders. He earned five Pro Bowl appearances in his NFL career and was the Associated Press (AP) NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 1991. He served from 2001 to 2004 as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. Swilling played for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Swilling set the NCAA record for sacks in a game, with seven against North Carolina State and the Georgia

Tony Cline Anthony Cline (July 25, 1948 – July 23, 2018) was an American football defensive end who played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Oakland Raiders from 1970 to 1975 and the San Francisco 49ers from 1976 to 1977. He played college football at the University of Miami. Some researchers claim that he holds the American Football Conference (AFC) rookie sack record with 17½ in 1970, but the NFL has only recognized a sack as an official statistic since 1982, so Cline's record is not officially recognized. His son, Tony Cline Jr., also played in

"Leonard Marshall"
in 2007. Marshall is a noted philanthropist who has received several awards in recognition of his charitable work. Marshall currently resides in Paramus, New Jersey with his wife, Lisa. Leonard Marshall Leonard Allen Marshall Jr. (born October 22, 1961) is a former American football defensive lineman who played twelve seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Selected 37th overall in the 1983 NFL Draft, he spent the first ten seasons of his career with the New York Giants where he accumulated 79.5 sacks, ranking him third in team history. He was twice selected to the Pro Bowl and twice named

"Rodney Harrison"
racked up over $200,000 in fines by the NFL. A notable suspension occurred in 2002 after a helmet-to-helmet hit on the Oakland Raiders' Jerry Rice. Rodney Harrison Rodney Scott Harrison (born December 15, 1972) is a former professional American football player of the National Football League. Harrison played strong safety for the San Diego Chargers and New England Patriots. He was a two-time Pro Bowl selection and winner of two Super Bowl rings. During his career, Harrison set and still holds the record for sacks by a defensive back, as well as becoming the first NFL player with 30 sacks

player in the Big Ten Conference to be selected as a first-team all-conference player in four consecutive years. Only one other Michigan player, Chris Hutchinson (1989-1992), has matched the feat. In four years at Michigan, Messner totaled 248 tackles and five fumble recoveries. He remains Michigan's all-time career leader in tackles for loss (70), tackles for sack yardage (376 yards), sacks (36), and sack yardage (273 yards). He was also Michigan's sack leader each year from 1985 to 1987. In 2014, Messner was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor. He has also been included on the

"Reuben, Reuben"
conquests undresses for him, he mutters, ""Released from their support, her breasts dropped like hanged men,"" reducing her to tears.) Gowan falls in love with a young college student, Geneva Spofford (Kelly McGillis), who has everything to lose from a relationship with a drunken deadbeat poet unable to hold a job. Gowan instigates two ugly incidents that eventually cause their breakup: first, a bar fight from which Geneva rescues him, and later, when he causes a scene in a fancy restaurant where the waiters know he's stolen their tips. He also suffers an ironic comeuppance from Dr. Jack Haxby (Joel

Fabiani). The dentist, after finding out about the poet's affair with his wife, uses the ruse of free dental care for ruining Gowan's smile and forcing him to wear dentures. When Gowan finds out, it is already too late, and the damage is irrevocable. (Gowan fears losing his teeth, equating it with death.) Gowan prepares to hang himself, but while dictating his last thoughts into a tape recorder, he comes up with some good lines and regains his will to write. Unfortunately, his host's pet dog, an old English sheepdog named Reuben, comes bounding into the room, causing Gowan to

America. Gowan McGland (Tom Conti) is a creatively blocked Scottish poet who ekes out a day-to-day existence by exploiting the generosity of strangers in an affluent Connecticut suburb, where he recites his verse to various arts groups and women's clubs. Gowan is something of a leech, cadging expensive dinners from well-off patrons (usually stealing the tips afterward) while seducing their bored wives and affecting a superior attitude toward the smug bourgeois types he exploits. Although a talented poet, he is also a chronic drunk, indifferent to the wounds he can casually inflict with his wit. (When one of Gowan's middle-aged

Scipione
The female prisoners are confined in a palace with a garden, but Scipione has forbidden strangers to enter. Still disguised, Lucejo breaches the garden, but hides when he hears Scipione approaching. Scipione tries to win over Berenice and proclaims his love for her. Lucejo cannot tolerate this, and betrays his presence by his exclamation. Berenice tries to protect Lucejo by calling him a madman and begging for mercy. Alone at the end of the act, Lucejo is unsure of Berenice's motives and begins to become jealous. Ernando, father to Berenice, has arrived to offer a ransom for his daughter and

Mefistofele
he now recognizes as a manifestation of the Devil (Mefistofele). Far from being terrified, Faust is intrigued and enters into a discussion with Mefistofele culminating in an agreement by which he will give his soul to the devil on his death in return for worldly bliss for the remainder of his life. ""Scene 1, The Garden"" Restored to his youth, Faust has infatuated Margareta, an unsophisticated village girl. She is unable to resist his seductive charms and agrees to drug her mother with a sleeping draught and meet him for a night of passion. Meanwhile, Mefistofele amuses himself with Martha,

Zofloya
Leonardo di Loredani- son of Laurina and the Marchese, a year older than his sister Victoria, he is “unable to resist, in any shape, the temptations of his heart” (4) . He runs away from home when his mother leaves him, and eventually is lost entirely to the power of his mistress Megalena. Count Ardolph– a friend of a friend of the Marcheses who is shown great hospitality by the Loredani family. He has a reputation for breaking up happy marriages and introducing lust and temptation into happy relationships. After feeling attracted to Laurina, he does exactly this to her

Andromana
misogyny has caught the notice of critics.) King Ephorbus hopes to cure his son's melancholia, and end his affair with Andromana, by sending the Prince off to war; but this only gives Andromana a chance to seduce the King as well. When Plangus returns to court, he finds that his former lover is now his queen and stepmother. But Andomana assures the Prince that she will remain his mistress. Plangus, however, rejects this arrangement, causing Andromana to become his enemy. She poisons the relationship between father and son, which leads to the Prince's incarceration—but a popular revolt frees the Prince

Leontes
at his mother's plight, and Hermione faints on hearing the news and is reported dead. Leontes comes to understand his faults, and is filled with remorse for his ill-treatment of his Queen. At the end of the play, he is reunited with daughter and his wife, who returns from death in the show's mysterious finale. Literary critic Harold Bloom has called Leontes Shakespeare's finest representation of jealousy of the male heart. Shakespeare's portrayal is debatable, as he is viewed as a jealous tyrant, in many ways a true villain, though there is also a commonly held view that Shakespeare purposefully

"Ephesian Tale"
help find Anthia. When the thirty days are nearly passed and the wedding is near, Anthia falls into despair. Believing that Habrocomes must be dead, and finding marriage to another man intolerable, she conspires with Eudoxos, an Ephesian physician, to give her a poison. In return she will give him enough of Perilaos’ possessions to buy him passage back to Ephesus, and will promise not to use the potion until he has left. Eudoxos agrees to the plan but gives her a hypnotic drug instead of a lethal one, knowing he will be long gone by the time Anthia awakens.

Asinaria
his characters beyond their obvious roles. In this play, Demenetus is ostensibly cast as a ""senex"", but he denies both the audience and his slave Libanus in their expectations to get angry over his son's affair with a prostitute. The play takes an unexpected turn with his stipulation to spend one night with Philenium. Thus Demenetus goes beyond both the strict father and the avuncular role of ""senex"" and becomes involved in a love triangle. The role of parents in their children's lives is represented through various perspectives in the play. With Artemona as the obstacle, Demaenetus as the dependent

during the great depression in the 1930s the u.s. economy experienced a

"New Deal"
Social Security System and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). From 1929 to 1933 manufacturing output decreased by one third, which economists call the Great Contraction. Prices fell by 20%, causing deflation that made repaying debts much harder. Unemployment in the United States increased from 4% to 25%. Additionally, one-third of all employed persons were downgraded to working part-time on much smaller paychecks. In the aggregate, almost 50% of the nation's human work-power was going unused. Before the New Deal, there was no insurance on deposits at banks. When thousands of banks closed, depositors lost their savings as at that

"Great Depression"
in 1929 to $1.7 billion in 1933; so, not only did the physical volume of exports fall, but also the prices fell by about 1/3 as written. Hardest hit were farm commodities such as wheat, cotton, tobacco, and lumber. Governments around the world took various steps into spending less money on foreign goods such as: ""imposing tariffs, import quotas, and exchange controls"". These restrictions formed a lot of tension between trade nations, causing a major deduction during the depression. Not all countries enforced the same measures of protectionism. Some countries raised tariffs drastically and enforced severe restrictions on foreign exchange

Reconstruction Finance Corporation. By 1935, the ""Second New Deal"" added Social Security (which was later considerably extended through the Fair Deal), a jobs program for the unemployed (the Works Progress Administration, WPA) and, through the National Labor Relations Board, a strong stimulus to the growth of labor unions. In 1929, federal expenditures constituted only 3% of the GDP. The national debt as a proportion of GNP rose under Hoover from 20% to 40%. Roosevelt kept it at 40% until the war began, when it soared to 128%. By 1936, the main economic indicators had regained the levels of the late

"New Deal"
(in 1935 dollars, or $1.95 million in year 2000 dollars) was associated with a reduction of one infant death, one suicide and 2.4 deaths from infectious disease. From 1929 to 1933, the industrial economy suffered from a vicious cycle of deflation. Since 1931, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the voice of the nation's organized business, promoted an anti-deflationary scheme that would permit trade associations to cooperate in government-instigated cartels to stabilize prices within their industries. While existing antitrust laws clearly forbade such practices, organized business found a receptive ear in the Roosevelt Administration. Roosevelt's advisers believed that excessive competition and

purchase of American-made products by increasing the cost of imported goods, while raising revenue for the federal government and protecting farmers. Other nations increased tariffs on American-made goods in retaliation, reducing international trade, and worsening the Depression. In 1931, Hoover urged bankers to set up the National Credit Corporation so that big banks could help failing banks survive. But bankers were reluctant to invest in failing banks, and the National Credit Corporation did almost nothing to address the problem. By 1932, unemployment had reached 23.6%, peaking in early 1933 at 25%. Drought persisted in the agricultural heartland, businesses and families

Depression caused mass immigration to the Soviet Union, mostly from Finland and Germany. Soviet Russia was at first happy to help these immigrants settle, because they believed they were victims of capitalism who had come to help the Soviet cause. However, when the Soviet Union entered the war in 1941, most of these Germans and Finns were arrested and sent to Siberia, while their Russian-born children were placed in orphanages. Their fate is unknown. Spain had a relatively isolated economy, with high protective tariffs and was not one of the main countries affected by the Depression. The banking system held

"Great Depression in the United States"
towards recovery, however, came with the decision of Germany to invade France at the beginning of WWII. After France had been defeated, the U.S. economy would skyrocket in the months following. France's defeat meant that Britain and other allies would look to the U.S. for large supplies of materials for the war. The need for these war materials created a huge spurt in production, thus leading to promising amount of employment in America. Moreover, Britain chose to pay for their materials in gold. This stimulated the gold inflow and raised the monetary base, which in turn, stimulated the American economy

health conditions in the 114 largest cities, 1929-1937. They estimated that every additional $153,000 in relief spending (in 1935 dollars, or $1.95 million in year 2000 dollars) was associated with a reduction of one infant death, one suicide, and 2.4 deaths from infectious disease. The Great Depression began in the United States of America and quickly spread worldwide. It had severe effects in countries both rich and poor. Personal income, consumption, industrial output, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as

(except in coal mining) were sharply reduced as unions pushed their members to work harder. Tens of thousands of new factories and shipyards were built, with new bus services and nursery care for children making them more accessible. Wages soared for workers, making it quite expensive to sit at home. Employers retooled so that unskilled new workers could handle jobs that previously required skills that were now in short supply. The combination of all these factors drove unemployment below 2% in 1943. Roosevelt's declining popularity in 1938 was evident throughout the US in the business community, the press, and the

1920s, except for unemployment, which remained high. In 1937, the American economy unexpectedly fell, lasting through most of 1938. Production declined sharply, as did profits and employment. Unemployment jumped from 14.3% in 1937 to 19.0% in 1938. A contributing factor to the Recession of 1937 was a tightening of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve doubled reserve requirements between August 1936 and May 1937 leading to a contraction in the money supply. The Roosevelt Administration reacted by launching a rhetorical campaign against monopoly power, which was cast as the cause of the depression, and appointing Thurman Arnold

"Philippe Petit"
buildings has been developed on the site, and does not offer this opportunity. Philippe Petit Philippe Petit (; born 13 August 1949) is a French high-wire artist who gained fame for his high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat above the ground – which he referred to as ""le coup"" – he rigged a cable and used a custom-made long, balancing pole. He performed

Philippe Petit Philippe Petit (; born 13 August 1949) is a French high-wire artist who gained fame for his high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat above the ground – which he referred to as ""le coup"" – he rigged a cable and used a custom-made long, balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he

"William Overstreet Jr."
William Overstreet Jr. William Bruce ""Bill"" Overstreet Jr. (April 10, 1921 – December 29, 2013) was an American fighter pilot and a veteran of the 357th Fighter Group, 363rd Fighter Squadron of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He is best known for his solo pursuit of a German Messerschmitt Bf 109G underneath the arches of the Eiffel Tower in 1944. In the spring of 1944, Bill Overstreet and his P-51B Mustang, the 'Berlin Express,' were near Paris when the action started, immortalized in the artwork by Len Krenzler below. Overstreet had followed a Bf 109

"Thor Alex Kappfjell"
Thor Alex Kappfjell Thor Alex Kappfjell was a Norwegian offshore oil worker and BASE jumper. He is famous for parachuting from the observation deck of the World Trade Center's South tower in 1999. Previously, he had jumped from the 86th floor of the observation deck of the Empire State Building and the 61st floor of the Chrysler Building (on October 24 and 27, 1998 respectively). Kappfjell claimed to have jumped more than 200 mountains and buildings (radio/television masts, bridges, the Eiffel Tower, etc.) in his daredevil career. On March 25, 1999, Kappfjell ignored threats from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police

"George Willig"
George Willig George Willig (born June 11, 1949) (a.k.a. ""The Human Fly"" or ""The Spiderman"") is a mountain-climber from Queens, New York, United States, who climbed the South Tower (2 WTC) of the World Trade Center on May 26, 1977, about 2½ years after tightrope walker Philippe Petit walked between the tops of the two towers. Before the stunt, Willig was a toymaker. At the time of the climb, 2 WTC was the third tallest building in the world, behind 1 WTC and the Sears Tower. It took Willig 3.5 hours to scale the tower. While the City of New

"Bello Nock"
Bello Nock Bello Nock (born April 13, 1970), often known simply as ""Bello"", is an American daredevil and circus performer. Nock has been featured in the ""Guinness Book of World Records"" for his highwire walk over a cruise ship. He has performed several stunts in New York City, including rappelling off of Madison Square Garden and hanging from a helicopter over the Statue of Liberty. Nock performs without the traditional clown makeup. Nock's signature look revolves around his foot-tall strawberry blonde hair. Nock was included in ""Time"" Magazine's list of ""America's Best Artists and Entertainers. His theater show, ""Bello Mania"",

"Jeb Corliss"
Jeb Corliss Jeb Corliss (born March 25, 1976) is an American professional skydiver and BASE jumper. He has jumped from sites including Paris' Eiffel Tower, Seattle's Space Needle, the ""Christ the Redeemer"" statue in Rio de Janeiro and the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He lives in Venice, California. In 1999, Corliss had a near-fatal BASE jump into the Howick Falls, in Howick, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. His parachute opening was asymmetric and he could not avoid flying into the downpouring water. In October 2003, Corliss was teamed to jump with his best friend, Australian BASE jumper Dwain

"Bill Biggart"
the exhibits of Biggart's most well-known photographs. Bill Biggart William G. ""Bill"" Biggart (July 20, 1947 – September 11, 2001) was an American freelance photojournalist and a victim of the September 11 attacks, notable for his street-view photographs of the event before being killed by the collapse of the World Trade Center's North Tower. He was the only professional photographer to be killed while covering the attacks. On September 15, 2001, Biggart's remains were discovered along with a bag containing his three cameras and the CompactFlash card from which his last photographs were recovered. The photos were used in the

"The Falling Man"
The Falling Man The Falling Man is a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Richard Drew of a man falling from the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:41:15 a.m. during the September 11 attacks in New York City. The subject of the image, whose identity remains uncertain, was one of the people trapped on the upper floors of the skyscraper who either fell searching for safety or jumped to escape the fire and smoke. The photograph gives the impression that the man is falling straight down; however, a series of photographs taken of his fall showed him

turkish finnish and hungarian belong to which family of languages

"Hungarian language"
Hungarian language Hungarian () is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine (Subcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia (Mur region). It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States and Canada) and in Israel. Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic

"Finnic languages"
Finnic languages The Finnic languages (Fennic), or Baltic Finnic languages (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic), are a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by Finnic peoples, mainly in Finland and Estonia, by about 7 million people. Traditionally, eight Finnic languages have been recognized. The major modern representatives of the family are Finnish and Estonian, the official languages of their respective nation states. The other Finnic languages in the Baltic Sea region are Ingrian and Votic, spoken in Ingria by the Gulf of Finland; and Livonian, once spoken around the Gulf of Riga. Spoken farther northeast are Karelian, Ludic

"Finno-Ugric languages"
Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric ( or ), Finno-Ugrian or Fenno-Ugric is a traditional grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except the Samoyedic languages. Its commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by some contemporary linguists. The three most-spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric, although linguistic roots common to both branches of the traditional Finno-Ugric language tree (Finno-Permic and Ugric) are distant. The term ""Finno-Ugric"", which originally referred to the entire family, is sometimes used as a synonym for the

is not phonemic, unlike in Indo-European. Another analysis is *""ykt-e-ksa"", *""kakt-e-ksa"", with *""e"" being the negative verb. 100-word Swadesh lists for certain Finno-Ugric languages can be compared and contrasted at the Rosetta Project website: Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Erzya. The four largest groups that speak Finno-Ugric languages are Hungarians (14.5 million), Finns (6.5 million), Estonians (1.1 million), and Mordvins (0.85 million). Three (Hungarians, Finns, and Estonians) inhabit independent nation-states, Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, while the Mordvins have an autonomous Mordovian Republic within Russia. The traditional area of the indigenous Sami people is in Northern Fenno-Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula in Northwest

language family. Hungarian is a member of the Uralic language family. Linguistic connections between Hungarian and other Uralic languages were noticed in the 1670s, and the family itself (then called Finno-Ugric) was established in 1717, but the classification of Hungarian as a Uralic/Finno-Ugric rather than Turkic language continued to be a matter of impassioned political controversy throughout the 18th and into the 19th centuries. Hungarian has traditionally been assigned to an Ugric branch within Uralic/Finno-Ugric, along with the Mansi and Khanty languages of western Siberia (Khanty–Mansia region), but it is no longer clear that it is a valid group. When

"Languages of Finland"
Languages of Finland The two main official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. There are also several official minority languages: three variants of Sami, Romani, Finnish Sign Language and Karelian. Finnish is the language of the majority, 89% of the population. It is a Finnic language closely related to Estonian and less closely to the Sami languages. The Finnic languages belong to the Uralic language family, so Finnish is distantly related to languages as diverse as Hungarian (a Ugric language) and Nenets (a Samoyedic language) in Siberia. Swedish is the main language of 5.3% of the population (92.4% in

and Veps, in the region of Lakes Onega and Ladoga. In addition, since the 1990s, several Finnic-speaking minority groups have emerged to seek of recognition as distinct languages, and have established separate literary standard languages. Northern Karelian, Tver Karelian and Livvi represent the three main dialect groups of Karelian, which earlier had been an unwritten language. Võro and Seto (modern descendants of South Estonian) are spoken in southeastern Estonia and earlier were considered dialects of Estonian. The Meänkieli dialects and Kven are spoken in northern Sweden and Norway and have the legal status of independent minority languages. They were earlier

"Uralic languages"
Uralic languages The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, which are official languages in Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, respectively, and in the European Union. Other Uralic languages with significant numbers of speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi, which are officially recognized languages in various regions of Russia. The name ""Uralic"" derives from the fact that the areas where the languages are spoken are found on both sides

spurious fringe-theories by specialists. Uralic languages The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, which are official languages in Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, respectively, and in the European Union. Other Uralic languages with significant numbers of speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi, which are officially recognized languages in various regions of Russia. The name ""Uralic"" derives from the fact that the areas where the languages are spoken are

Finnish and in Swedish. Languages of Finland The two main official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. There are also several official minority languages: three variants of Sami, Romani, Finnish Sign Language and Karelian. Finnish is the language of the majority, 89% of the population. It is a Finnic language closely related to Estonian and less closely to the Sami languages. The Finnic languages belong to the Uralic language family, so Finnish is distantly related to languages as diverse as Hungarian (a Ugric language) and Nenets (a Samoyedic language) in Siberia. Swedish is the main language of 5.3% of

"Phoenix Open"
Phoenix Open The Phoenix Open (known as the Waste Management Phoenix Open for title sponsorship reasons) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, held in late January/early February at the Tournament Players Club (TPC) of Scottsdale, Arizona. The tournament was originally the Arizona Open, but was known for most of its history as the Phoenix Open until the investment bank Friedman Billings Ramsey became the title sponsor in October 2003, and it was known as the FBR Open for the next six editions. Waste Management began its sponsorship in 2010. The event's relaxed atmosphere, raucous by the standards

of professional golf, has earned it the nickname “The Greatest Show on Grass” and made it one of the most popular events on the PGA Tour calendar. The Phoenix Open began in 1932 but was discontinued after the 1935 tournament. The rebirth of the Phoenix Open came in 1939 when Bob Goldwater, Sr. convinced fellow Thunderbirds to help run the event. The Thunderbirds, a prominent civic organization in Phoenix, were not as enthusiastic about running the event as he was, leaving Goldwater, Sr. to do most of the work in getting a golf open started. The event was played at

Arizona State alumnus (1992) with three victories at the event. In addition to the golf, there is a concert/party held in the Scottsdale area called the Birds Nest, at which music artists like Huey Lewis and the News play. The Thunderbirds are still highly active in the organization of the tournament. Portions of the proceeds are used by the Thunderbirds to fund Special Olympics activities in Phoenix. Since 1973, the Phoenix Open has been played on the weekend of the Super Bowl. In 1996, it was played Wednesday through Saturday, as Super Bowl XXX was held at Sun Devil Stadium

the Phoenix Country Club in Phoenix both in its earlier incarnations and after Goldwater resuscitated it. Beginning in 1955, the Arizona Country Club (also in Phoenix) alternated as event host with Phoenix Country Club; this arrangement lasted until Phoenix Country Club took The Arizona Country Club's turn in 1975 and became the event's permanent home again. The tournament moved in 1987 to its current home, the Stadium Course at TPC Scottsdale, northeast of downtown Phoenix. The approximate average elevation of the course is above sea level. The four-day attendance of the tournament is usually around a half million; the best-attended

and was the first-ever ace on a par-4 in PGA Tour history. Four men have won three times at the Phoenix Open: Arnold Palmer won consecutively (1961, 1962, 1963), then Gene Littler (1955, 1959, 1969), Calcavecchia (1989, 1992, 2001), and Mickelson (1996, 2005, 2013). <nowiki>*</nowiki>""Rain-shortened to 54 holes"" ^""Scheduled 54 holes"" ""Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.""<br> Sources Fourteen men have won this tournament more than once. Phoenix Open The Phoenix Open (known as the Waste Management Phoenix Open for title sponsorship reasons) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, held in late January/early February at the Tournament

in nearby Tempe. In 2009, the tournament overlapped with Super Bowl XLIII in Tampa, Florida, when Kenny Perry and Charley Hoffman went to a playoff. That denied the spectators a chance to watch the beginning of the game on NBC, which featured the local Arizona Cardinals. Because of the Super Bowl weekend status, the PGA Tour's television contracts with CBS and NBC include an alternating tournament. Usually a CBS tournament, the Phoenix Open airs on NBC when CBS has the Super Bowl, and NBC's Honda Classic airs on CBS in Winter Olympic years. The tournament's lowest 72-hole score was set

is very easy by the PGA's standards. Good shots, however, are cheered loudly. Famous moments include Tiger Woods' Saturday hole-in-one in 1997, which caused the gallery to erupt, throwing cups and other objects in celebration, and Justin Leonard giving the finger to the gallery after a poor shot. Jarrod Lyle aced the hole on Saturday in 2011, causing the stands to erupt in excitement. After 2013, the PGA Tour banned the practice of caddies racing the from the tee box to the green, citing injury concerns. The most popular tour player at the Phoenix Open is unquestionably Phil Mickelson, an

"Phoenix Country Club"
at Phoenix Country Club in 1932 but was discontinued after the 1935 tournament. The rebirth of the Phoenix Open came in 1939 when member Bob Goldwater, Sr. convinced fellow Thunderbirds to help run the event. The Thunderbirds, a prominent civic organization in Phoenix, were not as enthusiastic about running the event as he was, leaving Goldwater, Sr. to do most of the work in getting a golf open started. Beginning in 1955, the Arizona Country Club alternated as event host with Phoenix Country Club; this arrangement lasted until Phoenix Country Club took The Arizona Country Club's turn in 1975 and

event in golf. In 2016, it set a PGA Tour and Phoenix Open single day attendance record with 201,003 fans in attendance on Saturday, February 6 and set a tournament week attendance record of 618,365 fans. The most popular location for spectators is the par-3 16th hole, nicknamed ""The Coliseum."" One of the shortest holes on tour at , it is enclosed by a temporary 20,000-seat grandstand. The hole could be described as ""one big party,"" with many students from the nearby Arizona State University in Tempe in attendance. Poor shots at the 16th hole receive boos, because the hole

became the event's permanent home again. The tournament was moved in 1987 to its current home, the Stadium Course at TPC of Scottsdale, northeast of downtown Phoenix. During its time as host of the Phoenix Open, the club hosted such notable golfers as Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson, Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Gene Littler, Johnny Miller, Miller Barber, Ben Crenshaw, Hal Sutton, and many others. The club also hosted the Western Open in 1941 and 1942. In 1961, a new contemporary clubhouse designed by the architectural firm Edward L. Varney & Associates was constructed adjacent to the old clubhouse at a

the fifth song on the album. ""I Can Only Imagine"" was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with ""Word of God Speak"") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, ""I Can Only

"Imagine (John Lennon song)"
the Flux Fiddlers on strings. Issued by Apple Records in the United States in October 1971, ""Imagine"" became the best-selling single of Lennon's solo career. It peaked at number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and reached number one in Canada on the ""RPM"" national singles chart, remaining there for two weeks. Upon its release the song's lyrics upset some religious groups, particularly the line: ""Imagine there's no heaven"". When asked about the song during one of his final interviews, Lennon said he considered it to be as strong a composition as any he had written with the Beatles. He

same name with Phil Spector. Recording began at Lennon's home studio at Tittenhurst Park, England, in May 1971, with final overdubs taking place at the Record Plant, in New York City, during July. One month after the September release of the LP, Lennon released ""Imagine"" as a single in the United States; the song peaked at number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and the LP reached number one on the UK chart in November, later becoming the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed album of Lennon's solo career. Although not originally released as a single in the United Kingdom,

United States. ""I Can Only Imagine"" grossed $83.4 million in the United States, and Canada and $1.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $85.2 million, against a production budget of $7 million. It is the fourth-highest grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States, behind ""Bohemian Rhapsody"", ""Straight Outta Compton"" and ""Walk the Line"". It is also the highest-grossing independent film of 2018. ""I Can Only Imagine"" was released on March 16, 2018, alongside ""Tomb Raider"" and ""Love, Simon"", and was originally projected to gross $2–4 million from 1,620 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after

Imaginer
Imaginer ""Imaginer"" (to imagine) is a French-language song first performed and recorded by American singer Jackie Evancho in 2011. The song uses the music from a 1999 English-language song, ""Broken Vow"", by Walter Afanasieff and Lara Fabian. The same songwriters wrote the new French lyrics for Evancho, who recorded it on her 2011 gold album ""Dream With Me"", which was recorded when Evancho was 10 years old. The music of ""Imagine"" was originally written for an English-language song, ""Broken Vow"", by the record producer and songwriter Walter Afanasieff and the Belgian-Italian, naturalised Canadian international singer Lara Fabian. Fabian recorded it

"Titanic (1997 film)"
the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where ""the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media"". Including revenue from the 2012 and 2017 reissues, ""Titanic"" earned $659.4 million in North America and $1.528 billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.187 billion. It became the highest-grossing film of all time worldwide in 1998, and remained so for twelve years, until ""Avatar"" (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010. On March 1, 1998, it became the first film to earn

sell out. Its highest grossing single day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut. It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film. The film stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998 with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080 and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run. Before ""Titanic""s release, various

on December 19, 1997, ""Titanic"" achieved critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied ""All About Eve"" (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying ""Ben-Hur"" (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, ""Titanic"" was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's ""Avatar"" surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of ""Titanic,"" released on April 4, 2012, to commemorate the centennial of the

wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel"" ""were shot on board the ""Akademik Mstislav Keldysh"", which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the ""Titanic"" built at Baja Studios, at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking. The film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; the former handled distribution in North America while Fox released the film internationally. It was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million. Upon its release

or Television. The film's soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, and became a worldwide success, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone. The soundtrack also became the best-selling album of 1998 in the U.S. ""My Heart Will Go On"" won the Grammy Awards for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. The film also won Best Male Performance for Leonardo DiCaprio and Best Movie at the MTV Movie Awards, Best Film at the People's Choice

"Millvina Dean"
copies. He made the edition available at €500 each and then challenged the director and stars of the film ""Titanic"" (1997) - James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Kate Winslet - singer Celine Dion, and the corporations Sony Music, 20th Century Fox, and Paramount Pictures to match him euro-for-euro to support her with her bills. DiCaprio and Winslet led the way with a joint contribution of US$20,000. Cameron and Dion donated US$10,000 each. Millvina Dean Eliza Gladys ""Millvina"" Dean (2 February 1912 – 31 May 2009) was a British civil servant, cartographer, and the last survivor of the sinking of the

sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after ""Avatar""). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team aboard the research vessel ""Akademik Mstislav Keldysh"" search the wreck of RMS ""Titanic"" for a necklace with a rare diamond, the Heart of the Ocean. They recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing only

the movie"". Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and ""saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion"". 20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures co-financed ""Titanic"", with Paramount handling the North American distribution and Fox handling the international release. They expected Cameron to complete the film for a release on July 2, 1997. The film was to be released on this date ""in order to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better"". In April, Cameron said the film's special effects were too complicated

"James Cameron"
cast Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, Danny Nucci, David Warner, Suzy Amis, and Bill Paxton as the film's principal cast. Cameron's budget for the film reached about $200 million, making it the most expensive movie ever made at the time. Before its release, the film was widely ridiculed for its expense and protracted production schedule. Released to theaters on December 19, 1997, ""Titanic"" grossed less in its first weekend ($28.6 million) than in its second ($35.4 million), an increase of 23.8%. This is unheard of for a

in danger during filming. Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets, although he acknowledged:I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people. The costs of filming ""Titanic"" eventually began to mount and finally reached $200 million, a bit over $1 million per minute of screen time.

"Theory of relativity"
and gravitational time dilation, and length contraction. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the nuclear age. With relativity, cosmology and astrophysics predicted extraordinary astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves. Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity in 1905, building on many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others. Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others did subsequent work. Einstein developed general relativity between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after

"Principle of relativity"
those frames do not, in general experience, seem to abide by the same laws of physics. In classical physics, fictitious forces are used to describe acceleration in non-inertial reference frames. The special principle of relativity was first explicitly enunciated by Galileo Galilei in 1632 in his ""Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems"", using the metaphor of Galileo's ship. Newtonian mechanics added to the special principle several other concepts, including laws of motion, gravitation, and an assertion of an absolute time. When formulated in the context of these laws, the special principle of relativity states that the laws of mechanics

"General relativity"
1905, Einstein started thinking about how to incorporate gravity into his new relativistic framework. In 1907, beginning with a simple thought experiment involving an observer in free fall, he embarked on what would be an eight-year search for a relativistic theory of gravity. After numerous detours and false starts, his work culminated in the presentation to the Prussian Academy of Science in November 1915 of what are now known as the Einstein field equations. These equations specify how the geometry of space and time is influenced by whatever matter and radiation are present, and form the core of Einstein's general

relativity is the replacement of the Galilean transformations of classical mechanics by the Lorentz transformations. (See Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism). General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Einstein in the years 1907–1915. The development of general relativity began with the equivalence principle, under which the states of accelerated motion and being at rest in a gravitational field (for example, when standing on the surface of the Earth) are physically identical. The upshot of this is that free fall is inertial motion: an object in free fall is falling because that is how objects move when there is no

Theory of relativity The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity applies to elementary particles and their interactions, describing all their physical phenomena except gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy. The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton. It introduced concepts including spacetime as a unified entity of space and time, relativity of simultaneity, kinematic

"Albert Einstein"
to Einstein in 1922. Footnotes Citations Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula , which has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation"". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of

"History of special relativity"
of Thomas Young (1804) and Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1816), it was believed that light propagates as a transverse wave within an elastic medium called luminiferous aether. However, a distinction was made between optical and electrodynamical phenomena so it was necessary to create specific aether models for all phenomena. Attempts to unify those models or to create a complete mechanical description of them did not succeed, but after considerable work by many scientists, including Michael Faraday and Lord Kelvin, James Clerk Maxwell (1864) developed an accurate theory of electromagnetism by deriving a set of equations in electricity, magnetism and inductance, named Maxwell's

work if relativistic considerations were omitted. Theory of relativity The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity applies to elementary particles and their interactions, describing all their physical phenomena except gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy. The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton. It introduced concepts including spacetime as a unified entity of space

and terminology. On September 26, 1905 (received June 30), Albert Einstein published his annus mirabilis paper on what is now called ""special relativity"". Einstein's paper includes a fundamental new definition of space and time (all time and space coordinates in all reference frames are on an equal footing, so there is no physical basis for distinguishing ""true"" from ""apparent"" time) and makes the aether an unnecessary concept, at least in regard to inertial motion. Einstein identified two fundamental principles, the principle of relativity and the ""principle of the constancy of light"" (""light principle""), which ostensibly served as the axiomatic basis

"History of general relativity"
History of general relativity General relativity (GR) is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915. According to general relativity, the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the warping of space and time by those masses. Before the advent of general relativity, Newton's law of universal gravitation had been accepted for more than two hundred years as a valid description of the gravitational force between masses, even though Newton himself did not regard the theory as the final word on the nature of gravity. Within a

"Standing rib roast"
Standing rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the nine primal cuts of beef. While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs. It is most often roasted ""standing"" on the rib bones so that the meat does not touch the pan. An alternative cut removes the top end of the ribs for easier carving. Rib eye steaks are cut from a standing rib, boned with most of the fat and lesser

"7-Bone Roast"
7-Bone Roast The 7-bone roast (also known as the center-cut pot roast) or 7-bone steak is from the chuck section of the steer or heifer and it includes a cross cut of the shoulder blade. The bone is shaped like a ""7"", which gives these cuts their name. The steak differs from the 7-bone roast only in thickness. 7-bone steaks are cut 1/2- to 3/4-inch thick. Like most of the chuck, the 7-bone roast or ""steak"" is generally considered a rather tough cut of meat and is most suitable for a long cooking in liquid at a low heat such

Steak
there are National Meat Accreditation standards; in Canada, there is the Canadian Beef Grading Agency; in the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency is responsible; in the United States, beef is graded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as select, choice or prime, where ""prime"" refers to beef of the highest quality, typically that which has significant marbling. In 1996 in the U.S., only 2.4% of cattle were graded as prime, and most prime beef is sold in restaurants and hotels. There is a wide range of quickly prepared and well-known beef steak dishes, including Minute steak, steak

as braising. According to the USDA Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications (IMPS) the ""Blade Portion, Boneless"" of a beef chuck butchers to 22–25 lbs in a smaller animal (Range A) and in excess of 34 lbs in a large animal (Range D). The listing for ""USDA IMPS - NAMP Beef Butchering Specs"" has changed. New url is USDA IMPS - NAMP Beef Butchering Specs 7-Bone Roast The 7-bone roast (also known as the center-cut pot roast) or 7-bone steak is from the chuck section of the steer or heifer and it includes a cross cut of the shoulder blade. The bone

"Chuck steak"
Chuck steak Chuck steak is a cut of beef and is part of the sub primal cut known as the chuck. The typical chuck steak is a rectangular cut, about 1"" thick and containing parts of the shoulder bones, and is often known as a ""7-bone steak,"" as the shape of the shoulder bone in cross section resembles the numeral '7'. This cut is usually grilled or broiled; a thicker version is sold as a ""7-bone roast"" or ""chuck roast"" and is usually cooked with liquid as a pot roast. The bone-in chuck steak or roast is one of the

"Strip steak"
Strip steak The strip steak is a cut of beef steaks from the short loin from a cow. It consists of a muscle that does little work, the longissimus, making the meat particularly tender, although not as tender as the nearby psoas major or tenderloin. Unlike the tenderloin, the longissimus is a sizable muscle, allowing it to be cut into larger portions. According to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the steak is marketed in the United States under various names, including Ambassador Steak, Boneless Club Steak, Hotel-Style Steak, Kansas City Steak, New York Steak, Top Loin, and Veiny Steak. In

muscles removed. While often referred to as ""prime rib"", the USDA does not require the cut to be derived from USDA Prime grade beef. A slice of standing rib roast will include portions of the so-called ""eye"" of the rib, as well as the outer, fat-marbled muscle (spinalis dorsi) known as the ""lip"" or ""cap"". The traditional preparation for a standing rib roast is to rub the outside of the roast with salt and seasonings and slow-roast with dry heat. It also may be grilled. Standing rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut

"Short ribs"
style known as the ""plate""). Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines. Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term ""short ribs"" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib. Using American butcher's nomenclature, short ribs may be taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. The ""serratus ventralis"" muscle defines the area in the beef carcass from where short ribs come, and is the preferred muscle tissue for short ribs. This muscle originates near the second rib, and covers most of the rib

"Hereford cattle"
throughout continental Europe and Scandinavia, in the temperate parts of Australia, Canada, the United States, Kazakhstan and Russia, in the centre and east of Argentina, in Uruguay, in Chile and New Zealand, where they make up the largest proportion of registered cattle. They are found all around Brazil and they are also found in some Southern African countries (mainly in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). They originally found great popularity among ranchers of the American Southwest, testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have proven to thrive in much harsher climates on nearly

"Hereford pig"
Hereford cattle. The breed has always been most popular in the Midwestern United States, especially Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana. The breed grew in numbers into the mid 20th century, but by the 1960s populations plummeted due a shift in preference by commercial pork operations away from purebred hogs and towards hybrids. Today the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy includes the breed in its watchlist, and estimates about 2,000 breeding animals remain. Hereford hogs are hardy animals suited for either extensive or intensive production. It has a docile temperament, and is suited to use in 4-H and similar programs. It is a

where is the meridian that is opposite the prime meridian located

Contra-antiscion
Contra-antiscion In astrology, the contra-antiscion (pl. contra-antiscia) of an astrological sign or chart point is the sign or point that is equally distant from the other side of the Aries/Libra axis. This axis marks the points that are due East and due West on the horizon, where all objects rise vertically from the horizon (at the Equator), and where the Midheaven is exactly ninety degrees from the Ascendant. Contra-antiscia sign placements are as follows:- In practical terms, planets in ""contra-antiscion"" to on another have the same ascensional times—that is, each sign takes the same amount of time to rise over

Antipodes
antipode. Antipodes In geography, the antipode () of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it; the antipodes of a region similarly represent the area opposite it. A pair of points ""antipodal"" () to each other are situated such that a straight line connecting the two would pass through Earth's center. Such points are as far away from each other as possible, a great-circle distance of up to on the equator. In the Northern Hemisphere, ""the Antipodes"" may be used to refer to Australia and New Zealand, and ""Antipodeans"" to their inhabitants. Geographically, the

Antipodes
Antipodes In geography, the antipode () of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it; the antipodes of a region similarly represent the area opposite it. A pair of points ""antipodal"" () to each other are situated such that a straight line connecting the two would pass through Earth's center. Such points are as far away from each other as possible, a great-circle distance of up to on the equator. In the Northern Hemisphere, ""the Antipodes"" may be used to refer to Australia and New Zealand, and ""Antipodeans"" to their inhabitants. Geographically, the antipodes

"Antipodal point"
Antipodal point In mathematics, the antipodal point of a point on the surface of a sphere is the point which is diametrically opposite to it — so situated that a line drawn from the one to the other passes through the center of the sphere and forms a true diameter. This term applies to opposite points on a circle or any n-sphere. An antipodal point is sometimes called an antipode, a back-formation from the Greek loan word ""antipodes"", which originally meant ""opposite the feet"". In mathematics, the concept of ""antipodal points"" is generalized to spheres of any dimension: two points

"Antisolar point"
anthelic point, such as the anthelion, Wegener arcs, Tricker arcs and the parhelic circle itself. Antisolar point The antisolar point is the abstract point on the celestial sphere directly opposite of the Sun from an observer's perspective. This means that the antisolar point lies above the horizon when the Sun is below it, and vice versa. On a sunny day, the antisolar point can be easily found; it is located within the shadow of the observer's head. Like the zenith and nadir, the antisolar point is not fixed in three-dimensional space, but is defined relative to the observer. Each observer

"Galactic anticenter"
+28° 56'. Galactic anticenter The galactic anticenter is a direction in space directly opposite to the Galactic Center, as viewed from Earth. This direction corresponds to a point on the celestial sphere. From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the galactic anticenter is located in the constellation Auriga, and Beta Tauri is the bright star that appears nearest this point. In terms of the galactic coordinate system, the Galactic Center (in Sagittarius) corresponds to a longitude of 0°, while the anticenter is located exactly at 180°. In the equatorial coordinate system, the anticenter is found at roughly RA 05h

"Spinal fusion"
Spinal fusion Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae. This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae. There are many types of spinal fusion and each technique involves using bone grafting - either from the patient (autograft), donor (allograft), or artificial bone substitutes - to help the bones heal together. Additional hardware (screws, plates, or cages) is often used to hold the bones in place while the graft fuses the two vertebrae

together. Spinal fusion is most commonly performed to relieve the pain and pressure on the spinal cord that results when a disc (cartilage between two vertebrae) wears out (degenerative disc disease). Other common pathological conditions that are treated by spinal fusion include spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, spinal fractures, scoliosis, and kyphosis. Like any surgery, complications may include infection, blood loss, and nerve damage. Fusion also changes the normal motion of the spine and results in more stress on the vertebrae above and below the fused segments. As a result, long-term complications include degeneration at these adjacent spine segments. Spinal fusion

"Heat fusion"
Heat fusion Heat fusion (sometimes called heat welding, butt welding or simply fusion) is a welding process used to join two different pieces of a thermoplastic. This process involves heating both pieces simultaneously and pressing them together. The two pieces then cool together and form a permanent bond. When done properly, the two pieces become indistinguishable from each other. Dissimilar plastics can result in improper bonding. This process is commonly used in plastic pressure pipe systems to join a pipe and fitting together, or to join a length of pipe directly to another length of pipe. Generally, polyolefins (such as

"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion"
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure to treat nerve root or spinal cord compression by decompressing the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cervical spine with a discectomy in order to stabilize the corresponding vertebrae. This procedure is used when other non-surgical treatments have failed. ACDF is used to treat serious pain from a nerve root that has become inflamed. This can be caused by: 1. a herniated disc when other non-surgical treatments have failed. The nucleus pulposus (the jelly-like center of the disc) of the herniated disc bulges out

a condition called neurogenic claudication. Pressure on the nerves as they exit the spinal cord (radiculopathy) causes pain in the area where the nerves originated (leg for lumbar pathology, arm for cervical pathology). In severe cases, this pressure can cause neurologic deficits, like numbness, tingling, bowel/bladder dysfunction, and paralysis. Lumbar and cervical spinal fusions are more commonly performed than thoracic fusions. Degeneration happens more frequently at these levels due to increased motion and stress. The thoracic spine is more immobile, so most fusions are performed due to trauma or deformities like scoliosis and kyphosis. Conditions where spinal fusion may be

"Fusion splicing"
Fusion splicing Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The source of heat is usually an electric arc, but can also be a laser, or a gas flame, or a tungsten filament through which current is passed. The process of fusion splicing normally involves heat to melt or

"Spinal lock"
her chest. Both the cattle catch and the crucifix neck crank are colloquially referred to simply as the crucifix, which often leads to confusion with the traditional crucifix position. The twister (a similar move in wrestling is known as a guillotine) is a sideways body bend and neck crank, which involves forcing the head towards the shoulder while controlling the body, hence causing lateral hyperflexion of the cervical spine. The technique involves tension in several body parts, and depending on the flexibility of the recipient, can also involve pain in the knees, abdominals and torso. The twister is often confused

"Harrington rod"
fusion. Before the Harrington rod was invented, scoliosis patients had their spines fused without any instrumentation to support it; such fusions required many months in plaster casts, and large curvatures could progress despite fusion. Harrington rod instrumentation was used to treat instability and deformity of the spine. Instability occurs when the spine no longer maintains its normal shape during movement. Such instability results in nerve damage, spinal deformities, and disabling pain. Spinal deformities may be caused by birth defects, fractures, marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, neuromuscular diseases, severe injuries, and tumors. By far, the most common use for the Harrington rod was

can be used to treat a variety of conditions affecting any level of the spine - lumbar, cervical and thoracic. In general, spinal fusion is performed to decompress and stabilize the spine. The greatest benefit appears to be in spondylolisthesis, while evidence is less good for spinal stenosis. The most common cause of pressure on the spinal cord/nerves is degenerative disc disease. Other common causes include disc herniation, spinal stenosis, trauma, and spinal tumors. Spinal stenosis results from bony growths (osteophytes) or thickened ligaments that cause narrowing of the spinal canal over time. This causes leg pain with increased activity,

resistive wire, the coils heat up and melt the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe wall which weld together producing a very strong homogeneous joint. The assembly is then left to cool for a specified time. The joints produced tend to be more reliable than threaded fittings sealed with O-rings. Heat fusion Heat fusion (sometimes called heat welding, butt welding or simply fusion) is a welding process used to join two different pieces of a thermoplastic. This process involves heating both pieces simultaneously and pressing them together. The two pieces then cool together and form a

who took control of jamestown and made new rules that made everyone work

"History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)"
a protest from the governor of Maryland colony. Governor Berkeley tried to calm the situation but many of the colonists, particularly the frontiersmen, refused to listen to him and Bacon disregarded a direct order and captured some Appomattoc Indians, who were located many miles south of the site of the initial incident, and almost certainly not involved. Following the establishment of the Long Assembly in 1676, war was declared on ""all hostile Indians"" and trade with Indian tribes became regulated, often seen by the colonists to favor those friends of Berkeley. Bacon opposed Berkeley and led a group in opposition

"Jamestown Polish craftsmen"
glass manufacturing industry was started and operated exclusively by the Polish workers. Polish settlers launched a labor strike in 1619 against the Virginia Company, and were successful in reaching an agreement. The skills of these Polish colonists, were vital to the new settlement, as the House of Burgesses ultimately recognized when it met in 1619. During its deliberations, the House excluded the Polish community from voting rights. In reaction, the Poles launched the first recorded strike in the New World. In need of their industries, the House of Burgesses extended the ""rights of Englishmen"" to the Poles (which included some

Wingfield and Ratcliffe had been replaced by John Smith. Ever bold, Smith delivered what must have been a wake-up call to the investors in London. In what has been termed ""Smith's Rude Answer"", he composed a letter, writing (in part): When you send again I entreat you rather send but thirty Carpenters, husbandmen, gardiners, fishermen, blacksmiths, masons and diggers up of trees, roots, well provided; than a thousand of such awe have: for except wee be able both to lodge them and feed them, the most will consume with want of necessaries before they can be made good for anything.

"Anno 1602"
Anno 1602 Anno 1602: Creation of a New World, entitled 1602 A.D. in North America and Australia, is a 1998 construction and management video game developed by Max Design and published by Sunflowers Interactive. Set in the early modern period, it requires the player to build colonies on small islands and manage resources, exploration, diplomacy and trade. The game design is noteworthy for its attempt to implement a 'progressive' artificial intelligence, meaning that the pace of the game changes in response to how quickly players act. ""Anno 1602"" was a commercial blockbuster that attracted buyers outside the usual demographic of

"Jamestown, Virginia"
after Jamestown's founding, the organizers and shareholders of the Virginia Company were desperate to increase the efficiency and profitability of the struggling colony. Without stockholder consent the Governor, Sir Thomas Dale, assigned plots to its ""ancient planters"" and smaller plots to the settlement's later arrivals. Measurable economic progress was made, and the settlers began expanding their planting to land belonging to local native tribes. That this turnaround coincided with the end of a drought that had begun the year before the English settlers' arrival probably indicates multiple factors were involved besides the colonists' ineptitude. Among the colonists who survived the

some of the oldest in America, for the surviving Powhatan. It also set up tribute payments for the Virginia Indians to be made yearly to the English. That war resulted in a boundary being defined between the Indians and English lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass. This situation would last until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation, which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion. Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. In the 1670s, the governor was

was born in 1650. Many of the First Families of Virginia trace their lineage through Thomas Rolfe to both Pocahontas and John Rolfe, joining English and Virginia Indian heritage. Virginia's population grew rapidly from 1618 until 1622, rising from a few hundred to nearly 1,400 people. Wheat was also grown in Virginia starting in 1618. On June 30, 1619 Slovak and Polish artisans conducted the first labor strike (first ""in American history"") for democratic rights (""No Vote, No Work"") in Jamestown. The British Crown overturned the legislation in the Virginia House of Burgesses in its first meeting and granted the

"Bacon's Rebellion"
the rebellion in the colonists' intolerable demand to ""authorize the slaughter and dispossession of the innocent as well as the guilty."" More nuanced approaches on Berkeley's supposed tyranny or mismanagement entertained specialist historians throughout the middle of the century, leading to a diversification of factors responsible for Virginia's contemporary instability. Wesley Frank Craven in the 1968 publication ""The Colonies in Transition"" argues that his greatest failings took place during the revolt, near the end of his life. Bernard Bailyn pushed the novel thesis that it was a question of access to resources, a failure to fully transplant Old World society

"Colonial American bastardy laws"
fact that different groups with different ideological backgrounds founded each colony. The Puritans founded the New England colonies, while the Quakers led by William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania. Due to the strong religious background of these colonies, colonists sought changes and improvements to the English common law. In many situations, the colonists would use a particular aspect of common law to build the foundation of a legal principle, but the details, such as the wording, implementation, and enforcement of said law fell to the colonists. The colonists did not want a carbon copy of English common law, as

origin were permitted to vote. On June 30, 1619, in what was the first recorded strike in Colonial America, the Polish artisans protested and refused to work if not allowed to vote (""No Vote, No Work""). On July 21, 1619, the court granted the Poles and Slovaks equal voting rights. Afterwards, the labor strike (the first ""in American history"") was ended and the artisans resumed their work. Individual land ownership was also instituted, and the colony was divided into four large ""boroughs"" or ""incorporations"" called ""citties"" by the colonists. Jamestown was located in James Cittie. After several years of strained

"Chief judge"
Chief judge Chief judge is the highest-ranking judge of a court that has more than one judge. While the term ""chief judge"" is used in some courts, other courts use terms such as ""chief justice"", ""presiding judge"", ""president judge"", or ""administrative judge"". In Australia the term Chief Judge can refer to the principal judicial officer of a state District Court, as in New South Wales, or a state County Court, as in Victoria. The former is appointed by the state's Governor, while the latter may be appointed by the state's Attorney-General. In the United States courts of appeals, the chief

Supreme court The supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and highest (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts. However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court. Additionally, the highest court

"United States district court"
terms of good behavior (subject to the advice and consent of the Senate), so the nominees often share at least some of his or her convictions. In states represented by a senator of the President's party, the senator (or the more senior of them if both senators are of the president's party) has substantial input into the nominating process, and through a tradition known as senatorial courtesy can exercise an unofficial veto over a nominee unacceptable to the senator. With the exception of the territorial courts (Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands), federal district judges are Article

Doe"" or ""Hon. John/Jane Doe"" and in speech as ""Judge"" or ""Judge Doe"" or, when presiding in court, ""Your Honor"". District judges usually concentrate on managing their court's overall caseload, supervising trials, and writing opinions in response to important motions like the motion for summary judgment. Since the 1960s, routine tasks like resolving discovery disputes can, in the district judge's discretion, be referred to magistrate judges. Magistrate judges can also be requested to prepare reports and recommendations on contested matters for the district judge's consideration or, with the consent of all parties, to assume complete jurisdiction over a case including

"District attorney"
upon the system in place, DAs may be appointed by the chief executive of the jurisdiction or elected by local voters. The district attorney, and assistant district attorneys under the district attorney’s authority, are the attorneys representing a government body as prosecutors who are responsible for presenting cases against individuals and groups who are suspected of breaking the law, initiating and directing further criminal investigations, guiding and recommending the sentencing of offenders, and are the only attorneys allowed to participate in grand jury proceedings. The United States Judiciary Act of 1789, Section 35, provided for the appointment of a person

titled the ""chief judge"". Similarly, his or her fellow jurists on that court are titled ""judges"", while jurists who sit on lower courts are titled ""justices"". This is the reverse of usage in other states, where jurists who sit on the state's highest court(s) are titled ""justices"" and those in lower courts are titled ""judges"". Chief judge Chief judge is the highest-ranking judge of a court that has more than one judge. While the term ""chief judge"" is used in some courts, other courts use terms such as ""chief justice"", ""presiding judge"", ""president judge"", or ""administrative judge"". In Australia the

the ""Corte costituzionale"", which has a duty of judicial review, and which can strike down legislation as being in conflict with the Constitution. In Japan, the Supreme Court of Japan is called (Saikō-Saibansho; called 最高裁 Saikō-Sai for short), located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority within Japan to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local by laws). It has the power of judicial review (i.e., it can declare Acts of Diet and Local Assembly, and administrative actions, unconstitutional). In Luxembourg, challenges on the conformity of the law

"Chief magistrate"
Chief magistrate Chief magistrate is a public official, executive or judicial, whose office is the highest in its class. Historically, the two different meanings of magistrate have often overlapped and refer to, as the case may be, to a major political and administrative officer (usually at a subnational or colonial level) or a judge and barrister. If the jurisdiction he or she heads is considered to have statehood (sovereign or not), the official is generally its head of state and (in various degrees of authority) chief executive. However, the precise meaning depends upon the particular circumstances where it is given.

such as California, Delaware, Georgia, Massachusetts, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin. In St. Louis, Missouri, the title is ""circuit attorney"", while in St. Louis County, Missouri, the title is ""prosecuting attorney"". Alternative titles for the office include commonwealth's attorney, state's attorney, county attorney, circuit solicitor, or county prosecutor. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent position to a district attorney is a ""chief crown prosecutor,"" and the equivalent to an assistant district attorney is a crown prosecutor. These prosecutors work under the Crown Prosecution Service in England and Wales, the Procurator Fiscal in Scotland, and

"District court"
""tingsrätts"" became the district courts of Sweden, replacing the previous distinction between ""rådhusrätt"" in larger cities and ""häradsrätt"" for other parts of the country. Later reforms have substantially reduced the number of these courts from around 100 to currently (2014) 48. Appeals against a district court are made to the appellate court (). In the United States federal courts, the United States district courts are the general trial courts. The federal district courts have jurisdiction over federal questions (trials and cases interpreting the Constitution, Federal law, or which involve federal statutes or crimes) and diversity (cases otherwise subject to jurisdiction

"Gods and Generals (film)"
Gods and Generals (film) Gods and Generals is a 2003 American period war drama film written and directed by Ronald F. Maxwell. It is an adaptation of the 1996 novel of the same name by Jeffrey Shaara and prequel to Maxwell's 1993 film ""Gettysburg"". The film stars Stephen Lang as Stonewall Jackson, Jeff Daniels as Lieutenant Colonel Joshua Chamberlain and Robert Duvall as General Robert E. Lee. Colonel Robert E. Lee resigns from the Union Army as the south secedes from the Union and both sides prepare for war. Major Jackson, who is a professor at Virginia Military Institute in

I can, and the overwhelming percentage of those that wrote me said, 'How could you let them butcher your book like that?' I have no answer to that because I had no control or power to change what came up on the screen."" Gods and Generals (film) Gods and Generals is a 2003 American period war drama film written and directed by Ronald F. Maxwell. It is an adaptation of the 1996 novel of the same name by Jeffrey Shaara and prequel to Maxwell's 1993 film ""Gettysburg"". The film stars Stephen Lang as Stonewall Jackson, Jeff Daniels as Lieutenant Colonel

of 2001 when the movie was filmed. Stephen Lang had begun to reprise his role as George Pickett, but instead was asked to fill in the role of Jackson. Billy Campbell, who had played a 44th New York lieutenant in ""Gettysburg"" was called in to hastily replace Lang in the role of Pickett. Although Tom Berenger desired to reprise his ""Gettysburg"" role as James Longstreet (which he called his favorite role) he was unavailable because of scheduling difficulties. Bruce Boxleitner was instead cast in the role. Darius N. Couch was portrayed by actor Carsten Norgaard. Martin Sheen was prevented from

and worked without pay. Among them, 2nd South Carolina String Band portrays the players of ""The Bonnie Blue Flag"" during a troops entertainment music show. In exchange, Ted Turner agreed to donate $500,000 to Civil War battlefield preservation. The movie was filmed in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, western Maryland and in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. Actual historic locations in the film include Virginia Military Institute and Washington & Lee University, known as Washington College during the Civil War. Russell Crowe was the original choice to play Stonewall Jackson, but scheduling conflicts prevented his availability in the summer and fall

reprising his role as Lee due to contractual obligations to ""The West Wing"". During post-production, Maxwell, Warner Bros. executives, and Turner debated on whether to release the film as two parts over two years or as a single film. Maxwell decided to focus on Stonewall Jackson's history in one film. The director's cut was released for Blu-ray Disc on May 24, 2011. Among the footage edited includes a sub-plot which follows John Wilkes Booth, the famous actor who would eventually assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. One scene towards the end of the extended cut of the film features Chamberlain and his

"Stephen Lang"
Stephen Lang Stephen Lang (born July 11, 1952) is an American screen and stage actor, and playwright. He is known for roles in films including ""Manhunter"" (1986), ""Gettysburg"" (1993), ""Gods and Generals"" (2003), ""Public Enemies"" (2009) and ""Don't Breathe"" (2016). He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 1992 Broadway production of ""The Speed of Darkness"" and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in James Cameron's ""Avatar"" (2009). From 2004 to 2006, he was co-artistic director of the Actors Studio. Lang was born in New York City, the youngest child of Theresa

covered by the new Confederate flag. Ted Turner has a cameo in the film as Colonel Waller T. Patton. Colonel Patton, the great uncle of George S. Patton, was mortally wounded at Gettysburg, a scene depicted in the movie ""Gettysburg"". United States Senators George Allen (R-Virginia) and Robert Byrd (D-West Virginia) also have cameo roles, both playing Confederate officers, Phil Gramm (R-Texas) appears as a member of the Virginia Legislature early in the film and Congressman Ed Markey (D-Massachusetts) also appeared as an Irish Brigade officer. Most of the extras were American Civil War reenactors, who provided their own equipment

"J. Kenneth Campbell"
""Tomcats"" (2001), ""Collateral Damage"" (2002), ""Guess Who"" (2005) and ""The Only Good Indian"" (2009). J. Kenneth Campbell J. Kenneth Campbell (born July 22, 1947) is an American film, stage, and television actor with distinctive features who has been cast in over 80 roles. He was born in Flushing, New York. He played Richard Henry Lee in the 1984 television miniseries ""George Washington"". His film credits include roles in ""Waxwork"" (1988, as the Marquis De Sade), ""The Abyss"" (1989), ""An Innocent Man"" (1989), ""Blue Heat"" (1990), ""Flight of the Intruder"" (1991), ""Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot"" (1992), ""Deadfall"" (1993), ""Cobb""

"Gods and Generals (novel)"
Duvall and Jeff Daniels. The film shares most of its cast with ""Gettysburg"", the film adaptation of ""The Killer Angels"". Copying his father's approach of focusing on the most important officers of the two armies (General Robert E. Lee, Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, Lt. Gen. Thomas J. ""Stonewall"" Jackson, and Lieutenant Colonel Joshua Chamberlain), Shaara depicted the emotional drama of soldiers fighting old friends while accurately detailing historical details including troop movements, strategies, and tactical combat situations. General Hancock, for instance, spends much of the novel dreading the day he will have to fire on his friend in the

"John Wayne"
presented in honor of Wayne's ""outstanding machismo and penchant for punching people"". Although the convoy was met with protests by members of the American Indian Movement and others, some of whom threw snowballs, Wayne received a standing ovation from the audience when he walked onto the stage. An internal investigation was launched into the Army's involvement in the day. Footnotes Citations John Wayne Marion Mitchell Morrison (born Marion Robert Morrison; May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed ""The Duke"", was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for ""True Grit"" (1969), Wayne

how did early humans make use of stones during the prehistoric period

"Stone tool"
and sharper knife-like tools as well as scrapers. Also known as the ""prepared core technique,"" flakes are struck from worked cores and then subsequently retouched. The Mousterian Industry was developed and used primarily by the Neanderthals, a native European and Middle Eastern hominin species, but a broadly similar industry is contemporaneously widespread in Africa. The widespread use of long blades (rather than flakes) of the Upper Palaeolithic Mode 4 industries appeared during the Upper Palaeolithic between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago, although blades were still produced in small quantities much earlier by Neanderthals The Aurignacian culture seems to have been

developed on a large scale. They are distributed very widely and were traded over great distances since the best rock types were often very local. They also became venerated objects, and were frequently buried in long barrows or round barrows with their former owners. During the Neolithic period, large axes were made from flint nodules by chipping a rough shape, a so-called ""rough-out"". Such products were traded across a wide area. The rough-outs were then polished to give the surface a fine finish to create the axe head. Polishing not only increased the final strength of the product but also

Stoneware
of forming stoneware bodies include moulding, slipcasting and wheel throwing. Underglaze and overglaze decoration of many types can be used. Much tableware in stoneware is white-glazed and decorated, and it is then visually highly similar to porcelain or faience earthenware. The Indus Valley Civilization produced stoneware, with an industry of a nearly industrial-scale mass-production of stoneware bangles throughout the civilization's Mature Period (2600–1900 BC). Early examples of stoneware have been found in China, naturally as an extension of higher temperatures achieved from early development of reduction firing, with large quantities produced from the Han dynasty onwards. In both medieval China

classify stone tools into industries (also known as complexes or technocomplexes) that share distinctive technological or morphological characteristics. In 1969 in the 2nd edition of ""World Prehistory"", Grahame Clark proposed an evolutionary progression of flint-knapping in which the ""dominant lithic technologies"" occurred in a fixed sequence from Mode 1 through Mode 5. He assigned to them relative dates: Modes 1 and 2 to the Lower Palaeolithic, 3 to the Middle Palaeolithic, 4 to the Advanced and 5 to the Mesolithic. They were not to be conceived, however, as either universal—that is, they did not account for all lithic technology; or

"Stone Age"
Stone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking. Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus ""Homo"", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera ""Australopithecus"" and ""Paranthropus"". Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided

Quern-stone
turn them and this is thought to reflect the need to reduce wear and tear by having alternative points of contact when in active use. Quern-stones have been used by numerous civilizations throughout the world to grind materials, the most important of which was usually grain to make flour for bread-making. They were generally replaced by millstones once mechanised forms of milling appeared, particularly the water mill and the windmill, although animals were also used to operate the millstones. However, in many non-Westernised, non-mechanised cultures they are still manufactured and used regularly and have only been replaced in many parts

"Prehistoric Egypt"
sedentary lifestyle and cities grew as large as 5,000. It was in this time that Egyptian city dwellers stopped building with reeds and began mass-producing mud bricks, first found in the Amratian Period, to build their cities. Egyptian stone tools, while still in use, moved from bifacial construction to ripple-flaked construction. Copper was used for all kinds of tools, and the first copper weaponry appears here. Silver, gold, lapis, and faience were used ornamentally, and the grinding palettes used for eye-paint since the Badarian period began to be adorned with relief carvings. The first tombs in classic Egyptian style were

in the world, erected c. 3600–2500 BCE. The earliest evidence for established trade exists in the Neolithic with newly settled people importing exotic goods over distances of many hundreds of miles. These facts show that there were sufficient resources and co-operation to enable large groups to work on these projects. To what extent this was a basis for the development of elites and social hierarchies is a matter of ongoing debate. Although some late Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms similar to Polynesian societies such as the Ancient Hawaiians, based on the societies of modern tribesmen at an equivalent technological

detach or shatter, such as a bone or tuber. The earliest known Oldowan tools yet found date from 2.6 million years ago, during the Lower Palaeolithic period, and have been uncovered at Gona in Ethiopia. After this date, the Oldowan Industry subsequently spread throughout much of Africa, although archaeologists are currently unsure which Hominan species first developed them, with some speculating that it was ""Australopithecus garhi"", and others believing that it was in fact ""Homo habilis"". ""Homo habilis"" was the hominin who used the tools for most of the Oldowan in Africa, but at about 1.9-1.8 million years ago Homo

both use and manufacture stone tools. This combination of abilities is more marked in apes and men, but only men, or more generally Hominans, depend on tool use for survival. The key anatomical and behavioral features required for tool manufacture, which are possessed only by Hominans, are the larger thumb and the ability to hold by means of an assortment of grips. Food sources of the Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers were wild plants and animals harvested from the environment. They liked animal organ meats, including the livers, kidneys and brains. Large seeded legumes were part of the human diet long before the

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 6)"
the face of Revlon's Autumn/Winter 2010 trend collection launching in the UK in November. The winner of the competition was 18-year-old Tiffany Pisani, from the island country of Malta. Pisani beat fellow contestants Alisha White and Joy Mclaren in a public vote during a live finale, a first for ""Britain's Next Top Model"". ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" ""Original Airdate: 2 August 2010"" The girls shot a TV ad for Beyoncé's new fragrance for the challenge. Kirsty won the challenge and a night out and chose Nicola and Amelia to join her. Charlotte seemed disappointed by this, but

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 10)"
supply of the brand's products, an appearance on ""The Clothes Show"" catwalk, and an all-expenses paid holiday trip to Barbados courtesy of Sandals Resorts. The winner of the competition was 22-year-old Chloe Keenan from Birmingham. Keenan, who is originally from Conwy, is the first Welsh winner of the franchise. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" Britain's Next Top Model (series 10) The tenth cycle of Britain's Next Top Model premiered on 14 January 2016 on Lifetime. This was the first cycle of the series to air on the network after the show was cancelled in 2013 during its original

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 3)"
a cover and 6-page spread in Company Magazine. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Lauren McAvoy from Wickford, Essex. Runner-up Louise Watts participated as a contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18 along with six other former BNTM contestants. Watts quit the competition in the 3rd episode because she felt she couldn't handle the negative criticism of the judges, particularly Kelly Cutrone. ""Original Airdate: 2 July 2007"" The girls immediately faced their first challenge posing in front of the press, and then met stylist Hilary Alexander who asked each girl questions. Later, they arrived in the model house

"Britain's Next Top Model"
cycle 7 were unrepresented. The returning contestants from ""Britain's Next Top Model"" and their placements for cycle 18 were: In 2014, cycle 7 runner-up Juste Juozapaityte participated on ""Top Model po-russki""'s (the Russian adaptation of ""Top Model"") fifth cycle, which included contestants from Russia and contestants from other countries with Russian roots. Juozapaityte, from London, was born in Lithuania and is of Russian descent. She finished in second place to Zhenya Nekrasova of Kemerovo. Britain's Next Top Model Britain's Next Top Model (or Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model 2011–13), often abbreviated as BNTM, BINTM, or Top Model, is a

to a massive end, as the final three took to the final show. There were live performances from McFly, The Saturdays and Tinchy Stryder. After the first round of votes were counted, it was decided that Joy would finish in third. With Joy now eliminated, the final two, Tiffany and Alisha, took to a final, live runway, with alumni of previous cycles Britain's Next Top Model, including Cycle 1, 3, 4 and 5 winners, Lucy Ratcliffe, Lauren McAvoy, Alex Evans and Mecia Simson, as well as Cycle 5 runners-up, Sophie Sumner and Jade McSorley. After this, the final votes were

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 11)"
both brand's products, as well as additional campaigns for Colgate, Dorothy Perkins, and boohoo. The winner of the competition was 18-year-old Olivia Wardell from Romsey, Hampshire. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" Britain's Next Top Model (series 11) The eleventh cycle of Britain's Next Top Model premiered on 16 March 2017 on Lifetime. The judging panel from the show's previous cycle remained unchanged. This cycle introduced challenges in which contestants could be granted immunity during their weekly eliminations. 22 year-old Talulah-Eve Brown made history in the series after being the first openly transgender contestant to compete on the show.

replaced by Kelly Osbourne and that both Charley Speed and Julien Macdonald would continue on the judging panel. However it was later announced that both Speed and Woodward were leaving the panel to be replaced by Tyson Beckford and Whitney Port. Previous judges have included Lisa Butcher, Marie Helvin, Paula Hamilton, Huggy Ragnarsson, industry expert Jonathan Phang and fashion expert Gerry DeVeaux. Usually, an additional guest judge will sit in on the panel every week. According to the show's official site, anyone with the right to live or work in Britain is free to apply for the show, but must

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 12)"
fashion spread in ""Cosmopolitan"" magazine, nationwide campaigns for Show Beauty, Missguided, Cinere, and Lola Make Up along with a yearly supply of each brand's products, and a gift of portable electronic devices courtesy of Alcatel. The winner of the competition was 22-year-old Ivy Watson from Lincoln, Lincolnshire. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" Britain's Next Top Model (series 12) The twelfth cycle of Britain's Next Top Model premiered on 19 October 2017 on Lifetime. This was the third cycle of the series to be hosted by former contestant Abbey Clancy. Photographer Nicky Johnston returned for the new series as

"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 7)"
installment of the series to feature an audition tour, which was covered in the first three episodes of the cycle. The series re-adopted the traditional casting week format for cycle 8 the following year. The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Models 1, a fashion spread and cover feature in ""Company"" magazine, a contract with Revlon cosmetics, an international fashion campaign for Miss Selfridge, a luxury holiday trip at Sandals Resorts in Jamaica courtesy of British Airways, and a brand new Peugeot RCZ The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Jade Thompson from Stoke-on-Trent. ""(Ages stated are

"Britain's Next Top Model (series 5)"
Macpherson. Mecia Simson was the winner of the competition. Runner-up Sophie Sumner would later claim victory as the winner of . This cycle saw major changes in the show. While Lisa Snowdon and Huggy Ragnarsson both returned to the judging panel, head garment designer and distinguished milliner, Louis Mariette, took over from Gerry DeVeaux. This series was also the first to feature a boot-camp stage, with 20 semi-finalists starting the competition in the cycle premiere, the largest number of girls that the show has started with so far. 7 girls were eliminated in the first episode, and the number of

"Spanish American wars of independence"
the Bourbon dynasty in France in 1830 during the July Revolution eliminated the principal support of Ferdinand VII in Europe, but it was not until the king's death in 1833 that Spain finally abandoned all plans of military reconquest, and in 1836 its government went so far as to renounce sovereignty over all of continental America. During the course of the 19th century, Spain would recognize each of the new states. Only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule, until the Spanish–American War in 1898. The nearly decade and a half of wars greatly weakened the Spanish American economies

"History of Spain"
and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris (1763) while gaining Louisiana from France. Spain regained Florida with the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), and gained an improved international standing. However, there were no reforming impulses in the reign of Charles IV (1788 to abdication in 1808), seen by some as mentally handicapped. Dominated by his wife's lover, Manuel de Godoy, Charles IV embarked on policies that overturned much of Charles III's reforms. After briefly opposing Revolutionary France early in the French Revolutionary Wars, Spain was cajoled

"History of Spain (1810–73)"
monarchy's rejection of the constitution, were opposed to the restoration of an empire that they saw as an obsolete antique, as against the liberal revolutions in the New World with which they sympathized. The arrival of Spanish forces in the American colonies began in 1814, and was briefly successful in restoring central control over large parts of the Empire. Simón Bolívar, the leader of revolutionary forces in New Granada, was briefly forced into exile in British-controlled Jamaica, and independent Haiti. In 1816, however, Bolívar found enough popular support that he was able to return to South America, and in a

Empire in 1821. Two years later, following Iturbide's downfall, the region, with the exception of Chiapas, peacefully seceded from Mexico on July 1, 1823, establishing the Federal Republic of Central America. The new state existed for seventeen years, centrifugal forces pulling the individual provinces apart by 1840. Unlike in New Spain and Central America, in South America independence was spurred by the pro-independence fighters who had held out for the past half decade. José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar inadvertently led a continent-wide pincer movement from southern and northern South America that liberated most of the Spanish American nations

the city. The viceroy fled into the interior of the country. From there he resisted successfully, and it was only with the arrival of Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre in 1823 that the Spanish royalist forces were defeated at the battles of Junin and Ayacucho, where the entire Spanish Army of Peru and the Viceroy were captured. The Battle of Ayacucho signified the end of the Spanish Empire on the American mainland. Although Mexico had been in revolt in 1811 under Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, resistance to Spanish rule had largely been confined to small guerrilla bands in

"New Spain"
offered the crown to Ferdinand VII or to a member of the Spanish royal family that he would designate. After the refusal of the Spanish monarchy to recognize the independence of Mexico, the """" (Army of the Three Guarantees), led by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, cut all political and economic ties with Spain and crowned Iturbide as emperor Agustín of Mexico. Central America was originally planned to be part of the Mexican Empire; but it seceded peacefully in 1823, forming the United Provinces of Central America under the Constitution of 1824. This left only Cuba and Puerto Rico

along French lines. Napoleon took over Spain in 1808, but was expelled by rebels and the British army in 1812 in the Peninsular War. Spain after 1814 was destabilised as different political parties representing ""liberal"", ""reactionary"", and ""moderate"" groups throughout the remainder of the century fought for and won short-lived control without any being sufficiently strong to bring about lasting stability. The former Spanish Empire overseas quickly disintegrated with the Latin American wars of independence. Only Cuba and the Philippines and some small islands were left; they revolted and the United States acquired ownership (or control, in the case of

and with Spain eventually resulted in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south to Mexico in the north in the first third of the 19th century. Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish–American War in 1898. The new republics from the beginning abolished the formal system of racial classification and hierarchy, casta system, the Inquisition, and noble titles. Slavery was not abolished immediately but ended in all of the new nations within a quarter century. Criollos (those of Spanish descent born in the New World) and mestizos (those of

Decolonization
most of Spain's remaining colonies in 1898-99. Deciding not to annex Cuba outright, the U.S. established it as a client state with obligations including the perpetual lease of Guantánamo Bay to the U.S. Navy. The attempt of the first governor to void the island's constitution and remain in power past the end of his term provoked a rebellion that provoked a reoccupation between 1906 and 1909, but this was again followed by devolution. Similarly, the McKinley administration, despite prosecuting the Philippine–American War against a native republic, set out that the Territory of the Philippine Islands was eventually granted independence. In

"Reconquista (Spanish America)"
been established and a general stalemate set in the war. With the exception of rural areas controlled by guerrillas, North America was under the control of royalists, and in South America only the Southern Cone and New Granada remained outside of royalist control. After French forces left Spain in 1814, the restored Spanish king, Ferdinand VII, declared the developments in the Americas illegal and sent armies to quell the areas still in rebellion. The impact of these expeditions were most notably felt in Chile, New Granada, and Venezuela. The restoration was short lived, reversed by 1820 in these three countries.

"Take Out (2007 film)"
watching her. The film was shot in and around a parking garage in West Orange, New Jersey. Shooting commenced September 9, 2006 at 3pm and wrapped the following morning at 6am. With almost no budget the film's shooting schedule was completed in 16 straight hours with a cast and crew of 12. Due to the intensity of shooting a film in such a short period of time, a ""mockumentary"" was created from it. ""Take Over: the horror behind the thriller"" is a comedy starring the cast and crew telling their own ""somewhat incorrect"" stories about the making of ""Take Out"".

"Vantage Point (film)"
producer. When Forest Whitaker expressed interest in participating in the project, Travis welcomed the chance to work with him by Americanizing the character of Howard. Originally scheduled for a 2007 release by Sony, the film began principal photography on June 18, 2006 in Mexico City. Locations included the Casa de los Azulejos, with some exteriors shot in Cuernavaca and Puebla. Director Travis discussed the difficulties the cast and crew faced each day as they tried to film during the height of Mexico's rainy season. He credited cinematographer Amir Mokri and the lighting crew for making it look like the twenty-minute

"Close My Eyes (film)"
towards AIDS. A parallel thread running through the movie is the rapacious replacement of the classical by the modern, represented visually by old and new buildings. The film was shot mainly in London and, specifically, London Docklands with Sinclair and Natalie's house being in Marlow. The grand party that is the stage for the film's climax was shot at Polesden Lacey in Bookham, Surrey. The final scenes along the river are at Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire. The film was originally released on VHS video by Artificial Eye and is available on DVD in the UK and the US on the

"Red River Ode"
land in the Shreveport / Bossier area on Craigslist for the setting of the film and received a response from a man by the name of Andrew Lewis. He had 605 acres of land in Doyline, Louisiana and allowed the 4 to stay at his hunting lodge on the property for part of the duration of the shoot as long as he could have a part in the film. Principal photography began in June 2013 and lasted only 4 days. The entire film was made using natural lighting and shot on a Nikon D3100. After a day of filming, director

"Entrapment (film)"
he returned only seven of the eight billion dollars they had stolen electronically in the heist. Gin then pretends to hold Mac hostage at gunpoint, threatening to shoot him if the agents follow her. She boards a train and the FBI heads to the next station. Gin jumps trains mid-station and arrives back at Pudu. She tells Mac that she needs him for another job and they both board a train. Filming locations for the film include Blenheim Palace, Savoy Hotel London, Lloyd's of London, Borough Market, London, Duart Castle on the Isle of Mull in Scotland, the Petronas Towers

"Take Me (film)"
Ray can only mumble a response. He stumbles back home, and sees Stuart in a restaurant. As Stuart waves at him, Ray cries, then laughs when he sees Stuart is eating a salad. The role of Ray Moody was written with Pat Healy in mind. Healy brought the script to producers Jay Duplass and Mark Duplass, who agreed to finance and co-produce alongside The Orchard and Netflix. Production took place in Glendale, California and Crestline, California over the course of eighteen days. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2017. Prior to Tribeca,

"Open Windows (film)"
to the film. Filming took place in Madrid, Spain, during the last week of October 2012, and in Austin, Texas. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 39% of 36 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.2/10. The site's consensus states: """"Open Windows"" is undeniably ambitious; unfortunately, director Nacho Vigalondo's reach far exceeds his grasp."" The film has a score of 47 out of 100 based on 10 reviews at Metacritic. ""We Got This Covered"" praised the acting of Wood and Grey while stating overall that """"Open Windows"" spams audiences with an overload of

"C.E. Toberman Estate"
Toberman Estate has long been a popular filming location. In 1990, it was the principal filming location for the film ""Where Sleeping Dogs Lie"". The Toberman Estate was also used as ""the hip 'trophy' house of Vincent Chase on the first two seasons of HBO's ""Entourage"" and the later sixth season. The estate was later renamed ""Villa Las Colinas"" and is rented for receptions and special events at price of ""$10,000–$50,000 depending on your event's requirements."" On the morning of August 30, 2009, a fire broke out in the kitchen of the main house. The Los Angeles Fire Department responded

"It Comes at Night"
the house is specifically obscure and never properly established. Shults has described it ""as this kind of labyrinth"" and a metaphor for ""the mesh of Travis’ head."" In June 2016, Joel Edgerton joined the cast of the film. In August 2016, it was announced that Christopher Abbott, Riley Keough and Carmen Ejogo had also joined the cast. Principal photography began in August 2016 in New York. The film had its world premiere at The Overlook Film Festival at Timberline Lodge, Oregon, on April 29, 2017. The film was scheduled to be released on August 25, 2017, but was rescheduled for

"Appointment with Venus (film)"
Much of the film was shot on the island of Sark. The island did not allow motorised traffic. The filmmakers were allowed one Land Rover and trailer to transport their equipment. Otherwise they had to walk or use boats and horse-drawn carriages. The rushes were transported to the nearby island of Guernsey where they were seen weekly. Director Ralph Thomas later said they used twelve plain coloured cows to play the lead cow, painting them with a patch on the side. He said this ""was a sod because we shot mainly on location, and every time it rained, which it

"Jingle All the Way"
and son ... it's a story about love, and a father's journey to deliver it in the form of a Turbo Man doll. The fact that I got to design a toy line and do the commercials and make pajamas and comic books was fun for me as a filmmaker. But at its root, the movie's about something really sweet. It's about love and building a better family. I think that's consistent with everything I've done."" Arnold Schwarzenegger was quickly cast. He became available in February 1996 after Fox's remake of ""Planet of the Apes"" was held up again; Columbus

characters returned. The lead roles were instead played by Larry the Cable Guy and Santino Marella. Jingle All the Way Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American family comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to get a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve. Inspired by real-life Christmas toy sell-outs for products such as the Cabbage Patch Kids and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the film

also exited that project to work on ""Jingle All the Way"". The film marks Schwarzenegger's fourth appearance as the lead in a comedy film, following ""Twins"" (1988), ""Kindergarten Cop"" (1990) and ""Junior"" (1994). Schwarzenegger was paid a reported $20 million for the role. He enjoyed the film, having experienced last-minute Christmas shopping himself, and was attracted to playing an ""ordinary"" character in a family film. Columbus initially wanted Joe Pesci to play Myron. Comedian Sinbad was chosen instead, partly due to his similar height and size to Schwarzenegger. Sinbad was suggested for the part by Schwarzenegger's agent, but the producers

Jingle All the Way Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American family comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to get a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve. Inspired by real-life Christmas toy sell-outs for products such as the Cabbage Patch Kids and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the film was written by Randy Kornfield. Producer Chris Columbus rewrote the script, adding in elements of satire

felt he was unsuited to the role of a villain as it could harm his clean, family-oriented comedy act and reputation, although Sinbad felt the character would generate the audience's sympathy rather than hate. Furthermore, he missed the audition due to his appearance with First Lady Hillary Clinton and musician Sheryl Crow on the USO tour of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Columbus waited for him to return to allow him to audition and, although Sinbad felt he had ""messed"" it up, he was given the part. He improvised the majority of his lines in the film; Schwarzenegger also improvised many

to look ""authentic, as if they all sprang from the same well."" Along with Columbus and Levant, production designer Leslie McDonald and character designer Tim Flattery crafted Turbo-Man, Booster and Dementor and helped make the full-size Turbo-Man suit for the film's climax. Principal production finished in August; Columbus ""fine-tun[ed] the picture until the last possible minute,"" using multiple test audiences ""to see where the big laughs actually lie."" TVT Records released the film's soundtrack album on Audio CD on November 26, 1996. It features only two of composer David Newman's pieces from ""Jingle All the Way"", but features many of

about the commercialization of Christmas, and the project was picked up by 20th Century Fox. Delays on Fox's reboot of ""Planet of the Apes"" allowed Schwarzenegger to come on board the film, while Columbus opted to cast Sinbad ahead of Joe Pesci as Myron. ""Jingle All the Way"" was set and filmed in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul at a variety of locations, including the Mall of America. After five weeks filming, production moved to California where scenes such as the end parade were shot. The film's swift production meant merchandising was limited to a replica of

Bloomington where parts of the film were shot. A day of events was held to celebrate the film's release and Schwarzenegger donated memorabilia from the film to the Mall's Planet Hollywood. Opening on November 22 in 2,401, ""Jingle All the Way"" made $12.1 million in its first weekend, opening at #4 behind """", ""Space Jam"" and ""Ransom""; it went on to gross $129 million worldwide, recouping its $75 million budget. The film was released on VHS in October 1997, and in November 1998 it was released on DVD. It was rereleased on DVD in December 2004, followed by an extended

"Jingle All the Way 2"
Jingle All the Way 2 Jingle All the Way 2 is a 2014 American Christmas comedy film directed by Alex Zamm. It stars Larry the Cable Guy and Santino Marella. It is the stand-alone sequel to the 1996 comedy film ""Jingle All the Way"" starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. The film is produced by 20th Century Fox and WWE Studios, the motion picture division of WWE, and was distributed straight-to-video by Fox on December 2, 2014. On-air promotion from WWE occurred on their weekly episodic events. Truck driver Larry Phillips competes with the current husband of his ex-wife, the wealthy businessman Victor,

the Turbo-Man action figure used in the film. The film has a 16% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, citing its ""uneven tone"" that does not balance slapstick and satire well. It grossed $129 million worldwide, and it receives regular broadcasts on television during the Christmas season. In 2001, Fox was ordered to pay $19 million to Murray Hill Publishing for stealing the idea for the film; the verdict was overturned three years later. ""Jingle All the Way"" is also the third and final collaboration between Sinbad and Phil Hartman after ""Coneheads"" (1993) and ""Houseguest"" (1995), and the last film featuring

dendrites and cell bodies are components of what type of matter found in the brain

Brain
of the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another. The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial

Photocyte
Photocyte A photocyte is a cell that specializes in catalyzing enzymes to produce light (bioluminescence). Photocytes typically occur in select layers of epithelial tissue, functioning singly or in a group, or as part of a larger apparatus (a photophore). They contain special structures termed as photocyte granules. These specialized cells are found in a range of multicellular animals including ctenophora, coelenterates (cnidaria), annelids, arthropoda (including insects) and fishes. Although some fungi are bioluminescent, they do not have such specialized cells. Light production may first be triggered by nerve impulses which stimulate the photocyte to release the enzyme luciferase into a

"Ergastic substance"
Ergastic substance Ergastic substances are non-protoplasm materials found in cells. The living protoplasm of a cell is sometimes called the bioplasm and distinct from the ergastic substances of the cell. The latter are usually organic or inorganic substances that are products of metabolism, and include crystals, oil drops, gums, tannins, resins and other compounds that can aid the organism in defense, maintenance of cellular structure, or just substance storage. Ergastic substances may appear in the protoplasm, in vacuoles, or in the cell wall. Cellulose and starch are the main ergastic substances of plant cells. Cellulose is the chief component of

Dendrin
of the brain, but is very abundant in the parts of the brain where it is known to be expressed. Within these known locations in the brain, dendrin is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Dendrin is found in the neuron's cell body and its dendrites. This is the part of the cell that helps it to retain its structure and move other molecules throughout the cell. MAGI/S-SCAM is a component of the cytoskeleton that is used to keep dendrin in the cytoplasm of a neuron, and prevents the protein from diffusing into the nucleus. Because of this location in the

"Grey matter"
Grey matter Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish

Melanosome
Melanosome A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells and is the site for synthesis, storage and transport of melanin, the most common light-absorbing pigment found in the animal kingdom. Melanosomes are responsible for color and photoprotection in animal cells and tissues. Melanosomes are synthesised in the skin in melanocyte cells, as well as the eye in choroidal melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In lower vertebrates, they are found in melanophores or chromatophores. Melanosomes are relatively large organelles, measuring up to 500 nm in diameter. They are bound by a bilipid membrane and are, in general, rounded,

salts of calcium and anhydrides of silica. Ergastic substance Ergastic substances are non-protoplasm materials found in cells. The living protoplasm of a cell is sometimes called the bioplasm and distinct from the ergastic substances of the cell. The latter are usually organic or inorganic substances that are products of metabolism, and include crystals, oil drops, gums, tannins, resins and other compounds that can aid the organism in defense, maintenance of cellular structure, or just substance storage. Ergastic substances may appear in the protoplasm, in vacuoles, or in the cell wall. Cellulose and starch are the main ergastic substances of plant

means ""ash-coloured"". Grey matter Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish

Protoplasm
materialism of Huxley. In 1880, term protoplast was proposed by Hanstein (1880) for the entire cell, excluding the cell wall, and some authors like Julius von Sachs (1882) preferred that name instead of cell. In 1965, lardy introduced the term ""cytosol"", later redefined to refer to the liquid inside cell. By the time Huxley wrote, a long-standing debate was largely settled over the fundamental unit of life: was it the cell or was it protoplasm? By the late 1860s, the debate was largely settled in favor of protoplasm. The cell was a container for protoplasm, the fundamental and universal material

Tanycyte
Tanycyte Tanycytes are special ependymal cells found in the third ventricle of the brain, and on the floor of the fourth ventricle and have processes extending deep into the hypothalamus. It is possible that their function is to transfer chemical signals from the cerebrospinal fluid to the central nervous system. The term ""tanycyte"" comes from the Greek word tanus which means elongated. Tanycytes share some features with radial glia cells and astrocytes. Their form and location have led some authors to regard them as radial glia cells that remain in the hypothalamus throughout life. This has led some to believe

"History of United States foreign policy"
early 1917 when it saw the opportunity to strangle Britain by unrestricted submarine warfare. It also made overtures to Mexico, in the Zimmermann Telegram, hoping to divert American military attention to south of the border. The German decision was not made or approved by the civilian government in Berlin, but by the military commanders and the Kaiser. They realized it meant war with the United States, but hoped to weaken the British by cutting off its imports, and strike a winning below with German soldiers transferred from the Eastern front, where Russia had surrendered. Following the repeated sinking of American

as an entry to Asia faded in favor of the Panama Canal, and American foreign policy centered on the Caribbean. The 1904 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which proclaimed a right for the United States to intervene to stabilize weak states in the Americas, further weakened European influence in Latin America and further established U.S. regional hegemony. The outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 ended a half century of peaceful borders and brought escalating tensions, as revolutionaries threatened American business interests and hundreds of thousands of refugees fled north. President Woodrow Wilson tried using military intervention to stabilize

the U.S.-Canada border, with peaceful trade and generally good relations. Boundary disputes were settled amicably. Both the U.S. and Canada saw a surge in nationalism and national pride after 1815, with the U.S. moving toward greater democracy and the British postponing democracy in Canada. After 1780 The United States opened relations with North African countries, and with the Ottoman Empire. In response to the new independence of Spanish colonies in Latin America in the early 19th century, the United States established the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. This policy declared opposition to European interference in the Americas and left a lasting

merchant ships in early 1917, Wilson asked and obtained a declaration of war in April 1917. He neutralized the antiwar element by arguing this was a war With the main goal of ending aggressive militarism and indeed ending all wars. During the war the U.S. was not officially tied to the Allies by treaty, but military cooperation meant that the American contribution became significant in mid-1918. After the failure of the German spring offensive, as fresh American troops arrived in France at 10,000 a day, the Germans were in a hopeless position, and surrendered. Coupled with Wilson's Fourteen Points in

who was sent on many top-level missions. With the outbreak of war in 1914, the United States declared neutrality and worked to broker a peace. It insisted on its neutral rights, which included allowing private corporations and banks to sell or loan money to either side. With the British blockade, there were almost no sales or loans to Germany, only to the Allies. The widely publicized German atrocities in Germany Shocked American public opinion. Neutrality was supported by Irish-Americans, who hated Britain, by German Americans who wanted to remain neutral, and by women and the churches. It was supported by

which France was demanding more money than Germany was willing to pay, so France occupied the key industrial Ruhr district of Germany with its army. The Occupation of the Ruhr in 1923 Caused an international crisis; Germany deliberately hyperinflated currency, making the occupation highly expensive for France. The crisis was solved by a compromise brokered by the United States in the form of the Dawes Plan in 1924. This plan, sponsored by American Charles G. Dawes, set out a new financial scheme. New York banks loaned Germany hundreds of millions of dollars that it used to pay reparations and rebuild

in reparations. After 1953 West Germany paid the entire remaining balance. Since the turmoil of the Mexican revolution had died down, the Harding administration was prepared to normalize relations with Mexico. Between 1911 and 1920 American imports from Mexico increased from $57,000,000 to $179,000,000 and exports from $61,000,000 to $208,000,000. Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover took the lead in order to promote trade and investments other than in oil and land, which had long dominated bilateral economic ties. President Álvaro Obregón assured Americans that they would be protected in Mexico, and Mexico was granted recognition in 1923. A major crisis erupted

attention to the Panama Canal and the stabilization of regions to its south, including Mexico. The 20th century was marked by two world wars in which Allied powers, along with the United States, defeated their enemies, and through this participation the United States increased its international reputation. President Wilson's Fourteen Points was developed from his idealistic Wilsonianism program of spreading democracy and fighting militarism to prevent future wars. It became the basis of the German Armistice (which amounted to a military surrender) and the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The resulting Treaty of Versailles, due to European allies' punitive and territorial

would connect the Pacific and the Atlantic. The three main Treaty provisions stated that neither nation would build such a canal without the consent and cooperation of the other; neither would fortify or found new colonies in the region; if and when a canal was built, both powers would guarantee that it would be available on a neutral basis for all shipping. However, disagreements arose and no Nicaragua canal was ever started, but the treaty remained in effect until 1901. By 1857-59, London dropped its opposition to American territorial expansion. The opening of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 made travel

materials. The United States officially entered World War II against Germany, Japan, and Italy in December 1941, following the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. This time the U.S. was a full-fledged member of the Allies of World War II, not just an ""associate"" as in the first war. During the war, the U.S. conducted military operations on both the Atlantic and Pacific fronts. After the war and devastation of its European and Asian rivals, the United States found itself in a uniquely powerful position due to the lack of damage to its domestic industries. After 1945, the isolationist pattern

"Marty Schottenheimer"
Marty Schottenheimer Martin Edward Schottenheimer (; born September 23, 1943) is a former professional American football player and coach who served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) for 21 seasons. He was the head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs for 10 seasons, the Cleveland Browns for five seasons, the San Diego Chargers for five seasons, and the Washington Redskins for one season. Sixth in all-time wins at 205 and fifth in regular season wins at 200, Schottenheimer has the most wins of a head coach to not reach a championship in the NFL. After coaching

"Bobby Beathard"
Bobby Beathard Bobby Beathard (born January 24, 1937) is a former general manager of the National Football League (NFL). Over the course of his 38 years in the NFL, his teams competed in seven Super Bowls (winning four times), beginning with the Kansas City Chiefs in 1966, Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973, Washington Redskins in 1982, 1983, and 1987, and the San Diego Chargers in 1994. Beathard was born in Zanesville, Ohio, before moving to El Segundo, California, at the age of four. He attended El Segundo High School but did not begin playing football until his sophomore year,

"Dick Vermeil"
Dick Vermeil Richard Albert Vermeil (; born October 30, 1936) is a former American head coach for the National Football League's Philadelphia Eagles (1976–1982), St. Louis Rams (1997–1999) and Kansas City Chiefs (2001–2005). He coached the Rams to their only NFL title in St. Louis over the Tennessee Titans. He is in the Sid Gillman coaching tree and has coached at every level; Vermeil owns the distinction of being named ""Coach of the Year"" on four levels: high school, junior college, NCAA Division I, and professional football. In all three of his stints as an NFL head coach, Vermeil took

"Championship ring"
sold on eBay for over $32,000 apiece in mid-2008. Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia. Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury. In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' great Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction.

"Super Bowl ring"
have placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008. Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia. Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury. In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction.

"Mike Woicik"
Mike Woicik Mike Woicik (born September 26, 1956) is an American football strength and conditioning coach for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He holds the record for second-most Super Bowl rings won by a coach (behind Bill Belichick) with six, winning three with the Cowboys and three with the New England Patriots. Woicik has also authored a book ""Total Conditioning for Football: The Syracuse Way"" (1985). Woicik graduated from Westwood High School in Westwood, Massachusetts before attending Boston College where he earned a bachelor's degree in history. He then went to Springfield College to receive his

Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' punter Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000. As of 2017, ten players have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL). Super Bowl ring The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable

"John Harbaugh"
season's opening game, it was reported that Harbaugh had signed a four-year contract extension in a deal that was reached ""months ago."" Harbaugh is the only head coach in NFL history to win a playoff game in each of his first five seasons, according to NFL Network. In each of Harbaugh's first four seasons and again in 2014, every AFC Champion defeated the Ravens in the playoffs (although only the 2008 Pittsburgh Steelers and 2014 New England Patriots were able to actually win the Super Bowl). In the 2014 AFC Wild Card round of the NFL playoffs, Harbaugh's Ravens beat

"Active NFL head coach career Super Bowl history"
as a head coach). Vance Joseph, Doug Marrone, Sean McVay, Matt Nagy and Dirk Koetter are the only coaches who have never won or lost a Super Bowl having never made it to one. Six of the coaches have won a Super Bowl as head coach with their current teams, John Harbaugh, Bill Belichick, Sean Payton, Pete Carroll, Doug Pederson and Mike Tomlin. To group all wins or losses together, double left click on heading. Active NFL head coach career Super Bowl history There are 32 head coaches in the National Football League (NFL) for the 32 respective teams. Twenty-one

"Neal Dahlen"
Neal Dahlen Neal Dahlen is a retired American football administrator, who worked for San Francisco 49ers (1979–1996), and the Denver Broncos (1996–2003), and was General Manager of the Broncos from 1999 to January 2002. Dahlen has the distinction of being tied (with Bill Belichick) for the most Super Bowl rings in history, at seven. He earned five with the 49ers, and two during his time at the Broncos. Dahlen attended Capuchino High School in San Bruno, California. He then played quarterback at San Jose State University, where he graduated from in 1963 (and earned a master's in 1964). He then

WVUR-FM
and moved again to the Journalism Center on January 11, 1978. On September 24, 1982, a new tower was constructed atop Brandt Hall, which brought increased wattage and the station's current frequency and name: WVUR 95.1 FM ""The Source"". In August 1998, WVUR relocated to Schnabel Hall. In 1999, the station began web streaming sporting events. During the 2001–2002 academic year, the station upgraded to a computer automated system and commenced broadcasting 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, including during all academic breaks. The station also began taking requests by phone. In 2017 the station removed its on-air

WDET-FM
the broadcasting license for the station through a grant from the United Auto Workers, which originally ran the station from its sign-on (December 18, 1948) until 1952. The UAW originally broadcast public service programming on the station, under station manager Ben Hoberman. The university bought the station for one dollar in 1952 and converted it to non-commercial status. It is one of the few public radio stations in the nation that operates on a commercial frequency. In 2004, WDET implemented extensive programming changes. They dropped many NPR-produced programs such as Fresh Air and Car Talk, as well as some popular

"The Source (online service)"
text-based for most of its existence. The Source (online service) The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public. The Source described itself as follows: The Source was in operation from 1979 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia 22102. The Source was founded in 1978 as Digital Broadcasting Corporation by Bill von Meister, with support from Jack R. Taub, a businessman who had been very

The Source (online service) The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public. The Source described itself as follows: The Source was in operation from 1979 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia 22102. The Source was founded in 1978 as Digital Broadcasting Corporation by Bill von Meister, with support from Jack R. Taub, a businessman who had been very successful publishing the Scott catalogue of

"Source Radio"
city on 1431AM on Monday, 5 March 2007 under the management of Kat Page, with a special programme presented live from the Student's Union nightclub, FiftyFour. The AM launch coincided with the launch of 3G Smart Phones which could stream radio via apps such as TuneIn. This provided a means of listening on the move in a far better quality than AM. The young target audience are generally also quite ""AM-resistant"" and as a result, the 1431AM service never reached a particularly sizeable audience. The decision was taken to discontinue the AM service in 2009. During the 2000s, Students Unions

"NOAA Weather Radio"
Weather Bureau adopted its current name, National Weather Service (NWS), and was operating 29 VHF-FM weather-radio transmitters under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1970. The service was designed with boaters, fishermen, travelers and more in mind, allowing a listener to receive quickly a ""life-saving"" alert from the National Weather Office, and constantly updated forecasts and other climatogical data in a condensed format at any time of the day. This allows listeners get the latest weather when they need it, and more lead-time to prepare during severe conditions. In 1974, NOAA Weather Radio (NWR), as it was now

WBSU
the 1990s brought much technological change to the station starting with a new Orban Optimod 8100 signal processor in the transmitter, under the recommendation of then Engineering Director Lester Wilson, who proclaimed at a Brockport Student Government board meeting that the upgrade would ""give the station balls"", and thus, the BSG board approved the purchase. WBSU implemented a computerized music playlist in 1992, new studio consoles in 1992 and 1994, and digital equipment during the summer of 1995. The Point's web site was created in 1997 and began webcasting in 1999. Their latest digital upgrade came in January 2005 and

"Radio in the United States"
NPR) was incorporated in February 1970 under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967; its television counterpart, PBS, was created by the same legislation. (NPR and PBS are operated separately from each other.) Concerned that FM acceptance was still limited, the FCC acted to boost its attractiveness, including authorizing stereo transmissions in 1961. (Recorded sound had been monophonic until introduction of the stereo LP record in 1958, although initially the only way for radio stations to transmit stereo was when sister stations ""simulcast"" each channel on separate stations, for example using an AM station to transmit one channel, and a co-owned

with some of the regulatory functions previously conducted by the Interstate Commerce Commission. On March 29, 1941, 795 of the 883 AM stations in the United States had to shift to new transmitting frequencies, in what was informally called ""Radio Moving Day"". The moves were the result of the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), and were primarily designed to allow other countries in the region to have more stations, especially high-powered ones, without increasing interference. This agreement also added ten available frequencies, by expanding the top end of the AM band from 1500 to 1600 kHz.

"KIRO (AM)"
Station,"" KIRO personalities broke from the formal announcing style that was commonplace during the early days of radio. On June 29, 1941, KIRO's new, 50,000-Watt transmitter on Maury Island became operational. From the 1930s through the 1950s, KIRO recorded countless hours of CBS programming for time-delayed rebroadcast. These electrical transcriptions are, in many cases, the only recordings made of World War II-era news coverage over the CBS network. The discs were donated to the University of Washington in the early 1960s and are now held at the National Archives as the Milo Ryan Phonoarchive Collection. In 1948, the original KIRO-FM

"Claudio Baglioni"
Claudio Baglioni Claudio Baglioni (; born 16 May 1951) is an Italian pop singer-songwriter and musician. He is a controversial figure in italian pop music. His career spans several decades. His melodic and highly dramatic love ballads, especially from the 1970s (such as ""Questo piccolo grande amore"", ""E tu..."", ""Amore bello"", ""Sabato pomeriggio"", ""E tu come stai"") are part of Italy's musical and national subculture. His works include the official Anthem for the 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Turin. His musical career began in 1965 when he entered a competition for new talents in the Rome district of Centocelle. Between

"Leo Arnaud"
Leo Arnaud Leo Arnaud or Léo Arnaud (; July 24, 1904 – April 26, 1991) was a French-American composer of film scores, best known for ""Bugler's Dream"", which is used as the theme by television networks presenting the Olympic Games in the United States. The composer studied composition at conservatories in Lyon and Paris with Maurice Ravel and Vincent d'Indy. After playing as a jazz trombonist in France using the name Leo Vauchant and arranging for the Jack Hylton band in England from 1928 to 1930, he immigrated to the United States in 1931. He worked in Hollywood as an

"Moment (SMAP song)"
Moment (SMAP song) ""Moment"" is a song by Japanese band SMAP. Released as a single on August 1, 2012, the song was used as the theme song for the TBS Television broadcast of the 2012 Summer Olympics, for which SMAP member Masahiro Nakai was the main sportscaster. It was written by the band Sakanaction's vocalist and songwriter Ichiro Yamaguchi, while the single's B-side ""Te o Tsunagō"" was written by producer Kenichi Maeyamada. The single was commercially successful, reaching number one on Oricon's singles chart, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Since 2004, SMAP songs had

"Henri Seroka"
of General Stanisław Maczek and the Polish 1st Armoured Division. Seroka himself conducted the performances. His first record was ""Laissez moi pleurer"" (1968), and one of his last is ""Norda"" (2008), music inspired by the old wooden sailing vessel Norda. Henri Seroka Henri Seroka (born 1949) is a Belgian singer and composer. Although he began his career as a singer, he is most known today for his compositions, especially film music, and for composing Belgium's official song for the 1984 Olympic Games. Seroka was born in Anderlecht. His father was Polish and served under General Stanisław Maczek during World War

"You and Me (Olympic theme song)"
You and Me (Olympic theme song) You and Me () is the theme song for the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, People's Republic of China, which was performed in the opening ceremony of the Olympics by Liu Huan and Sarah Brightman. Zhang Yimou, director of the opening ceremony, chose the British singer which representing the next Olympic host nation in 2012 and over a local one in keeping to the game's theme of ""One World, One Dream"", signifying unity across language, race or religious barriers. The official version of this song lasts four minutes, ten seconds and was composed

"Geir Bøhren"
the Film Critics' Award. The duo continued to work closely with director Ola Solum, for which they made the score for nearly all his later works. Bøhren created, along with Åserud, the official anthem for the 1994 Winter Olympics. He has won the 1999 Spellemannsprisen for the record ""Jul i Blåfjell"". Geir Bøhren Geir Bøhren (born 9 June 1951) is a Norwegian musician and film score composer. Bøhren co-founded the group Junipher Greene in 1966, where he was a drummer. The band started playing blues but later changed to progressive rock. It signed its first record contract in 1971. He

Henri Seroka Henri Seroka (born 1949) is a Belgian singer and composer. Although he began his career as a singer, he is most known today for his compositions, especially film music, and for composing Belgium's official song for the 1984 Olympic Games. Seroka was born in Anderlecht. His father was Polish and served under General Stanisław Maczek during World War II, while his mother was German. His first record was ""Laissez moi pleurer"" (1968). In Poland, he is most well known for his film music in Jacek Bromski's films. They collaborated on ""Sztuka kochania"" (1989), ""U Pana Boga za piecem""

"Olympic Hymn"
Olympic Hymn The Olympic Hymn (, ""Olympiakós Ýmnos""), also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is a choral cantata by opera composer Spyridon Samaras (1861-1917), with lyrics by Greek poet Kostis Palamas. Both poet and composer were the choice of the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was the first President of the International Olympic Committee. The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the first edition at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned to various musicians the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own

"Nikki Yanofsky"
Nikki Yanofsky Nicole Rachel Yanofsky (born February 8, 1994) is a jazz-pop singer from Montreal, Quebec. She sang the CTV broadcast theme song, ""I Believe"", for the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. She also performed at the opening and closing ceremonies for the Olympics and at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Paralympic Games. Yanofsky recorded the Ella Fitzgerald song ""Air Mail Special"" for Verve Records and it was released in June 2007 on the album """". Produced by Tommy LiPuma, this track made Yanofsky the youngest singer to record for Verve. She then recorded ""Gotta Go My Own Way""

"Little Polveir"
Bridgewater, the son-in-law of Toby Balding, Little Polveir's trainer. Little Polveir died in 1999. Little Polveir Little Polveir (1977–1999) was a race horse. He won the 1989 Grand National steeplechase ridden by Jimmy Frost, beating West Tip by seven lengths. The horse had previously finished ninth in 1986 and did not finish in 1987 and 1988 (where he fell at Valentine's Brook) while owned by Mike Shone, after which he was sold as a 12-year-old for 15,000gns in February 1989. The track ""Little Polveir"" by the Sheffield-based band Monkey Swallows the Universe is named after the horse. After the track

Little Polveir Little Polveir (1977–1999) was a race horse. He won the 1989 Grand National steeplechase ridden by Jimmy Frost, beating West Tip by seven lengths. The horse had previously finished ninth in 1986 and did not finish in 1987 and 1988 (where he fell at Valentine's Brook) while owned by Mike Shone, after which he was sold as a 12-year-old for 15,000gns in February 1989. The track ""Little Polveir"" by the Sheffield-based band Monkey Swallows the Universe is named after the horse. After the track was written, the band signed to Loose Records, which coincidentally is owned by Tom

"Little Wolf (horse)"
Little Wolf (horse) Little Wolf (foaled 23 March 1978) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was best known for his performances in staying races, but was also capable of winning important races over middle distances. Little Wolf was lightly campaigned, running sixteen times between October 1980 and May 1984 and winning seven races. After winning his only race as a two-year-old he won two of his five races including the Scottish Derby and St Simon Stakes in 1981. In the following year he won the Prix Jean de Chaudenay in France before establishing himself as a high-class stayer

the most successful of his offspring being Miltonfield, a gelding who won nine races including the Irish Cesarewitch in 1999. His last recorded foals were born in 1994. Little Wolf (horse) Little Wolf (foaled 23 March 1978) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was best known for his performances in staying races, but was also capable of winning important races over middle distances. Little Wolf was lightly campaigned, running sixteen times between October 1980 and May 1984 and winning seven races. After winning his only race as a two-year-old he won two of his five races including the

"1989 Grand National"
label owned by the son in law of Little Polveir's trainer, Toby Balding 1989 Grand National The 1989 Grand National (officially known as the Seagram Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 143rd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 8 April 1989. The race was won in a time of 10 minutes 6.9 seconds and by a distance of 7 lengths by Irish 12-year-old Little Polveir, ridden by jockey Jimmy Frost. West Tip was second and The Thinker finished third. Fourteen of the 40 runners completed the course. The

"Dr Devious"
Hong Kong Vase. He was also the sire of the Prix de l'Opera winner Kinnaird. Dr Devious died in Sardinia in March 2018. Dr Devious Dr Devious (10 March 1989 – 7 March 2018) was an Irish-bred and British-trained Thoroughbred race horse. In a career which lasted from May 1991 until November 1992, he ran fifteen times and won six races. He is most notable as the winner of the Derby in 1992. Dr Devious's other most significant wins came in the Dewhurst Stakes and the Irish Champion Stakes. He was the second horse, after Bold Arrangement in 1986, to

Foinavon
Foinavon Foinavon (1958–1971) was an Irish racehorse. He won the Grand National in 1967 at odds of 100/1 after the rest of the field fell, refused or were hampered or brought down in a mêlée at the 23rd fence. The fence was officially named after Foinavon in 1984. He was at one point owned by Anne Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster, whose colours were also carried by Arkle. Both were named after Scottish mountains. Foinavon, ridden by John Buckingham, was a rank outsider at odds of 100/1 to win the 1967 Grand National, and his owner Cyril Watkins had such little

Vayrann
Vayrann Vayrann (foaled 7 April 1978) was an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. As a three-year-old in 1981 he won four of his six races including the Prix Jean de Chaudenay, Prix du Prince d'Orange and Champion Stakes. His victory in the latter race was only confirmed at the end of a protracted and controversial process after he failed a post-race drug test. He was injured on his second appearance in 1982 and was retired to stud, where he had moderate success as a sire of winners. Vayrann was a brown horse with a large white star and a

"Bella Paola"
disappointingly in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, but ended her career with victory in the Champion Stakes. At stud her best foal was Pola Bella, who won the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and was second in the Prix de Diane before breeding several winners, including Val Divine. Bella Paola Bella Paola (foaled 1955) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse who won several major races in France and Britain including the classic 1,000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks in 1957. Bella Paola was a big, powerful brown filly, standing 16.3 hands high, bred by her owner François Dupré. Although she was foaled

Dr Devious Dr Devious (10 March 1989 – 7 March 2018) was an Irish-bred and British-trained Thoroughbred race horse. In a career which lasted from May 1991 until November 1992, he ran fifteen times and won six races. He is most notable as the winner of the Derby in 1992. Dr Devious's other most significant wins came in the Dewhurst Stakes and the Irish Champion Stakes. He was the second horse, after Bold Arrangement in 1986, to run in both the Kentucky Derby and the Epsom Derby. Bred by Lyonstown Stud, near Cashel, County Tipperary, Dr Devious was sired by

"NBA All-Star Celebrity Game"
Phoenix Convention Center in Phoenix, Arizona. A total of 17 celebrities took part in the game. Basketball Hall of Famers Magic Johnson and Julius Erving, who combined for 23 NBA All-Star appearances, served as coaches for the celebrity teams. NBA legends, Dominique Wilkins and Clyde Drexler, were joined by former players, Dan Majerle and Rick Fox, in the celebrity team roster. WNBA stars Lisa Leslie and Kara Lawson also participated in the game along with four Harlem Globetrotters players. Previous year's MVP, Terrell Owens scored a game-high 17 points and led the East Sunrisers to a 60–57 victory over the

celebrities took part in the game, including several former basketball players. Basketball Hall of Famer Magic Johnson and five-time NBA All-Star Alonzo Mourning, served as coaches for the celebrity teams. Three former NBA players, Robert Horry, Rick Fox and Chris Mullin, along with Hall of Famer Nancy Lieberman and Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban, participated in the game. The West team won 41–37 over the East. ""Special K"" Daley, one of the four Harlem Globetrotters player that participated in the game, scored game-high 18 points for the West. Actor Michael Rapaport, who scored 4 points, was named as the Celebrity

of fan, player, and media voting, while the reserves are chosen by a vote among the head coaches from each squad's respective conference. Coaches are not allowed to vote for their own players. If a selected player is injured and cannot participate, the NBA commissioner selects a replacement. The vote leaders for each conferences are assigned as captains and can choose from a pool of players named as all-stars to form their teams. The newly formed teams will also play for a charity of choice to help the games remain competitive. On January 25, 2018, LeBron James and Stephen Curry

for a fan-selected starter, the all-star coach chooses the replacement in the starting lineup, and is not limited to the commissioner's addition to the roster. It is also possible for more than one All-Star to be selected from one team, but there has never been more than 4 All-Stars represent a team in the game. Most recently was the 2017 Golden State Warriors who had 4 players represent that team (Stephen Curry, Kevin Durant, Draymond Green, and Klay Thompson.) This has only occurred 8 times dating back to 1962 Boston Celtics and the 1962 Los Angeles Lakers. The Game is

in 2012's version of the game include J. Cole, Common, Vinny Guadagnino, Kevin Hart, and Ne-Yo. Arne Duncan scored 17 points, and grabbed eight rebounds for the East, but teammate Kevin Hart, who recorded 8 points and 6 assists, was named the game's MVP. Hart was also given two technical fouls and was ejected from the game with about a minute to go in the fourth quarter for protesting a call made against him. The East won the game 86-54. Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard coached for the East team and Oklahoma City Thunder forward Kevin Durant coached the West

played under normal NBA rules, but there are notable differences from an average game. Since the starting All-Stars are selected by fan vote, players sometimes start the game at atypical positions. For instance, in 2007 Kobe Bryant and Tracy McGrady had the two highest fan vote totals among Western Conference guards. As both players normally play shooting guard, Bryant, who is 6'6"" (198 cm), started the game as a point guard, despite him also manning the shooting guard position on his team. The player introductions are usually accompanied by a significant amount of fanfare, including lighting effects, dance music, and

but the name ""Democratic Party"" was eventually settled upon and became the official name in 1844. Members of the party are called ""Democrats"" or ""Dems"". The term ""Democrat Party"" has also been in local use, but has usually been used by opponents since 1952 as a disparaging term. The most common mascot symbol for the party has been the donkey, or jackass. Andrew Jackson's enemies twisted his name to ""jackass"" as a term of ridicule regarding a stupid and stubborn animal. However, the Democrats liked the common-man implications and picked it up too, therefore the image persisted and evolved. Its

in 1992 as the Democratic nominee. He labeled himself and governed as a ""New Democrat"". The party adopted a centrist economic yet socially progressive agenda, with the voter base after Reagan having shifted considerably to the right. In an effort to appeal to both liberals and fiscal conservatives, Democrats began to advocate for a balanced budget and market economy tempered by government intervention (mixed economy), along with a continued emphasis on social justice and affirmative action. The economic policy adopted by the Democratic Party, including the former Clinton administration, has been referred to as ""Third Way"". The Democrats lost control

"New Democrats"
Democrat Coalition. After the landslide electoral defeats to the Republican Party led by Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, a group of prominent Democrats began to believe their party was out of touch and in need of a radical shift in economic policy and ideas of governance. The Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) was founded in 1985 by Al From and a group of like-minded politicians and strategists. They advocated a political ""Third Way"" as an antidote to the electoral successes of Reaganism. The landslide 1984 Presidential election defeat spurred ""centrist"" Democrats to action, and the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) was formed.

to become the 37th president and would win again in 1972 against Democratic nominee George McGovern, who like Robert F. Kennedy reached out to the younger anti-war and counterculture voters, but unlike Kennedy was not able to appeal to the party's more traditional white working class constituencies. During Nixon's second term, his presidency was rocked by the Watergate scandal, which forced him to resign in 1974, being succeeded by vice president Gerald Ford, who served a brief tenure. Watergate offered the Democrats an opportunity to recoup and their nominee Jimmy Carter won the 1976 presidential election. With the initial support

"Democrat Party (epithet)"
""New Teachers' and Pupils' Cyclopaedia"" entry for Woodrow Wilson states that ""In 1912, Wilson was the Democrat Party nominee for President ..."" In July 14, 1922, a newspaper in Keytesville, Missouri, posted an advertisement for its primary elections with the Democratic candidates identified as ""Representing: Democrat Party"". The noun-as-adjective has been used by Republican leaders since the 1940s, and in most GOP national platforms since 1948. By the early 1950s the term was in widespread use among Republicans of all factions. When Senator Thruston Ballard Morton became chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1959, he indicated that he had

The election of President John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts in 1960 was a partial reflection of this shift. In the campaign, Kennedy attracted a new generation of younger voters. In his agenda dubbed the New Frontier, Kennedy introduced a host of social programs and public works projects, along with enhanced support of the space program, proposing a manned spacecraft trip to the moon by the end of the decade. He pushed for civil rights initiatives and proposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but with his assassination in November 1963 was not able to see its passage. Kennedy's successor Lyndon

1960s. The protests that year along with assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Democratic presidential candidate Senator Robert F. Kennedy (younger brother of John F. Kennedy) climaxed in turbulence at the hotly contested Democratic National Convention that summer in Chicago (which amongst the ensuing turmoil inside and outside of the convention hall nominated Vice President Hubert Humphrey) in a series of events that proved to mark a significant turning point in the decline of the Democratic party's broad coalition. Republican presidential nominee Richard Nixon was able to capitalize on the Democrat's confusion that year and won the 1968 election

Presidents Harry S. Truman of Missouri (1945–1953) and Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas (1963–1969), respectively; and the earlier Kennedy brothers of 35th President John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts (1961–1963), Senators Robert F. Kennedy of New York and Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts who carried the flag for modern American liberalism. Since the presidential election of 1976, Democrats have won five out of the last eleven presidential elections, winning in the presidential elections of 1976 (with 39th President Jimmy Carter of Georgia, 1977–1981), 1992 and 1996 (with 42nd President Bill Clinton of Arkansas, 1993–2001) and 2008 and 2012 (with 44th President

"Sebastian Gregory"
The band was later taken to London by Xenomania and they were offered a recording contract. Gregory's acting talent was discovered after he was spotted in his own music video. He was then signed to an acting management agency. Gregory has appeared in a number of short films, commercials, theatre, television productions and films. In 2004, he appeared as Rohan Shanley in an episode of ""Blue Heelers"". Two years later Gregory landed a recurring role in the long-running soap opera ""Neighbours"". He played Garrett Burns, a love interest for Rachel Kinski (Caitlin Stasey). Gregory made his feature film debut in

"Paul Wesley"
Paul Wesley Paweł Tomasz Wasilewski (; born July 23, 1982), known professionally as Paul Wesley and formerly as Paul Wasilewski, is an American actor, director, and producer. He is best known for his roles as Aaron Corbett in the miniseries ""Fallen"", Stefan Salvatore on the supernatural drama series ""The Vampire Diaries"", and as Eddie Longo on the anthology series ""Tell Me a Story"". Wesley was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, to Polish parents Tomasz and Agnieszka Wasilewski, and grew up in Marlboro Township, New Jersey. He has one older sister, Monika Emara (née Wasilewski), and two younger sisters, Leah

"Michael Vartan"
""Rogue"", and starred in the film ""Jolene"" in 2008. Vartan's most notable role to date has been as Michael Vaughn in the American television series ""Alias"" (2001–2006). He played the role of Lancelot in TNT's production of Marion Zimmer Bradley's ""The Mists of Avalon"" (2001). Vartan has also had guest appearances on ""Friends"" (as Dr. Tim Burke, Tom Selleck's character's son) and ""Ally McBeal"" (as Jonathan Basset). He also appeared on the show ""Kitchen Confidential"", which starred his former ""Alias"" co-star Bradley Cooper, as a French chef who was Cooper's rival. In September 2007, Vartan played James Walker, a main

"Michael Culhane"
A pilot for a ""Dynasty"" reboot for The CW was announced in September 2016, and Riley was cast as Michael in February 2017. The new series premiered on The CW on October 11, 2017. The character is one of several cast as nonwhite for the reboot. Executive producer Sallie Patrick said that with Michael and Carrington butler Anders, ""we introduce the theme of upstairs/downstairs, because how can you have a show about the filthy rich without including the people who try their damnedest to keep them clean?"" Carrington chauffeur Michael Culhane (Robert Christopher Riley) is also Fallon's lover and unofficial

"Michael Vaughn"
Michael Vaughn Michael C. Vaughn is a fictional character on the television series ""Alias"". Played by Michael Vartan, Vaughn is one of Sydney Bristow's co-workers and her ongoing love interest. He, like Sydney, is skilled in a variety of areas. His language abilities, shown in various episodes, include French, Spanish, Italian, and others. Throughout the first three seasons, his code name was BoyScout; from season four on, it was Shotgun. In season five, Vaughn's birth name was revealed to be André Micheaux. His relationship with Sydney was included in ""TV Guide""s list of the best TV couples of all time.

"Shane Harper"
""Re-Animated"", and ""Dance Revolution"" before becoming one of the lead dancers and the youngest (""the Nick 6"") on Nickelodeon's ""Dance on Sunset"". He landed on dance roles in 2006, including lead dancer for the music video ""Step Up"" with Samantha Jade, and Cartoon Network's ""Re-Animated"" and the Saturday morning kid's competition, ""Dance Revolution"". In 2010, Harper got his first two movie roles in the films ""My Name is Khan"" and ""Flipped"", as a minor character in each. Harper also began his recurring role as Spencer Walsh on Disney Channel's ""Good Luck Charlie"", playing alongside Bridgit Mendler, and guest-starred on an

"Robert Leeshock"
headshots and commercial print. He's also an excellent athlete (he played lacrosse for Cornell), salsa dancer and singer. He currently lives in New York, has one brother and three sisters. His girlfriend is Jacquelyn Mavrookas. They met in 2010. Leeshock joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at Cornell University, and through that organization, the Irving Literary Society. Robert Leeshock Robert Michael Leeshock (born December 13, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known in television for portraying the role of Liam Kincaid on the sci-fi drama series """". Leeshock was born in Clifton, New Jersey. He attended Cornell University

"Michael Corinthos"
his own loss. And by the summer of 2012, Michael and Starr have admitted their feelings for one another and began dating. However, their new friendship and budding romance is threatened with re-introduction of Michael's sister, Kristina (Lindsey Morgan) and the arrival of her reality show producer, Trey Mitchell (Erik Valdez). Trey seems to annoy Starr a lot, which causes Michael to become a bit more protective of her. However, when Starr and Trey begin to commiserate over their fathers, Starr feels as if Michael is overreacting. Nothing ever comes of Trey's advances, as Michael and Starr grow closer as

"Bailey Chase"
Bailey Chase Bailey Chase (born Bailey Chase Luetgert; May 1, 1972) is an American stage and television actor. Chase is known for his role as Butch Ada in the television series ""Saving Grace"", starring role as Graham Miller in ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"", and roles as Christopher ""Chris"" Robert Hughes (from 2003–2005) in the soap opera ""As the World Turns"" , Beckett 'Becks' Scott in ""Ugly Betty,"" Sean Everett in ""Damages"", and Deputy Branch Connally in A&E's crime thriller ""Longmire"". Chase has also starred in the thriller ""Summoned"" alongside Cuba Gooding, Jr.; ""Tao of Surfing""; ""Sex, Death, & Bowling""; and

"Billie Ashford"
Billie was given a love interest in the form of seventeen year old VJ Patterson (Matt Little). The story arc began with VJ developing a crush on Billie, who was initially amused by his flirty behaviour. When she noticed VJ trying unsuccessfully to teach Skye Peters (Marlo Kelly) how to surf, she offered her help. When Skye told VJ how good Billie was at teaching her, VJ's quick agreement caused Skye to realise he had feelings for Billie, despite his denial. VJ later asks Skye to pose as his girlfriend to make Billie jealous, as he believes Billie will want

taxes collected by federal, state and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of GDP. During FY2012, the federal government collected approximately $2.45 trillion in tax revenue, up $147 billion or 6% versus FY2011 revenues of $2.30 trillion. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,132B or 47%), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($845B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($242B or 10%). Based on CBO estimates, under 2013 tax law the top 1% will be paying the highest average tax rates since 1979, while other income groups will remain at historic lows. U.S. taxation has historically been generally progressive, especially the federal income

"United States federal budget"
Tax revenues averaged approximately 17.4% GDP over the 1980-2017 period. During FY2017, the federal government collected approximately $3.32 trillion in tax revenue, up $48 billion or 1.5% versus FY2016. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,587B or 48% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,162B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($297B or 9%). Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2017 revenues were 17.3% of gross domestic product (GDP), versus 17.7% in FY 2016. Tax revenues averaged approximately 17.4% GDP over the 1980-2017 period. Tax revenues are significantly affected by the economy. Recessions typically reduce

"Tax expenditure"
behavioral changes that might occur if the tax policies were changed, so the actual revenue impact would differ from the amounts indicated. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), tax expenditures dis-proportionally benefit those with high incomes. CBPP estimated that the top 1% of U.S. households by income received approximately 17% of the tax expenditure benefits in 2013, while the top 20% received 51%. The top 20% pay 84% of the federal income taxes; this figure does not include payroll taxes. For scale, 50% of the $1.5 trillion in tax expenditures in 2016 is $750 billion, while

"Taxation in the United States"
Taxation in the United States The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local governments with taxes imposed at each of these levels. Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees. In 2010, taxes collected by federal, state, and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of GDP. In the OECD, only Chile and Mexico are taxed less as a share of their GDP. However, taxes fall much more heavily on labor income than on capital income. Divergent taxes and subsidies for different forms of income and spending

13.8% for the middle quintile, and −2.7% for the bottom quintile. The incidence of corporate income tax has been a matter of considerable ongoing controversy for decades. State and local taxes vary widely, but are generally less progressive than federal taxes as they rely heavily on broadly borne regressive sales and property taxes that yield less volatile revenue streams, though their consideration does not eliminate the progressive nature of overall taxation. During FY 2012, the federal government spent $3.54 trillion on a budget or cash basis, down $60 billion or 1.7% vs. FY 2011 spending of $3.60 trillion. Major categories

"Government spending in the United States"
Government spending in the United States Government spending in the United States is the spending of the federal government of the United States of America, and the spending of its state and local governments. For most governments around the world, the majority of government spending takes place at the federal/national level. As of the 21st century, in the United States, approximately two thirds of government spending is spent by the federal government, while the remaining third of government spending is spent by state and local government. Federal government spending in the United States can be broken down into three general

"Federal tax revenue by state"
Federal tax revenue by state This is a table of the total federal tax revenue by state collected by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Gross Collections indicates the total federal tax revenue collected by the IRS from each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and the Puerto Rico. The figure includes all Individual federal taxes and Corporate Federal Taxes income taxes, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes. This table does not include federal tax revenue data from U.S. Armed Forces personnel stationed overseas, U.S. territories other than Puerto Rico, and U.S. citizens and legal residents living abroad,

"Expenditures in the United States federal budget"
raising bond prices and lowering interest rates, which helps boost the U.S. economy. During 2012, global demand for U.S. debt was strong and interest rates were near record lows. Federal spending per capita (that is, per person in the U.S.) was approximately $11,551 during 2011, versus $6,338 in 2000. Adjusted for inflation, these amounts were $5,133 in 2011 and $3,496 in 2000. Adjusted for inflation, federal spending per person remained around $3,500 throughout the 1990s. It then began to rise steadily after 2000, then jumped in 2008 and 2009 due to the federal response to the subprime mortgage crisis. Expenditures

billion or less than 1% versus FY2017. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,684B or 51% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,171B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($205B or 6%). Corporate tax revenues declined by $92 billion or 32% due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. FY 2018 revenues were 16.4% of gross domestic product (GDP), versus 17.2% in FY 2017. Tax revenues averaged approximately 17.4% GDP over the 1980-2017 period. Tax revenues in 2018 were about $275 billion below the CBO January 2017 forecast for 2018, indicating tax revenues would have been considerably higher (and

"Sockeye salmon"
in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over from the ocean and in elevation. Completely landlocked populations of the same species also are known. Some sockeye live and reproduce in lakes and are commonly called ""kokanee"", which is red-fish name in the Sinixt Interior Salish language and silver trout in the Okanagan language. They are much smaller than the anadromous variety

and are rarely over long. In the Okanagan Lake and many others, there are two kinds of kokanee populations – one spawns in streams and the other near lake shores. Landlocked populations occur in the Yukon Territory and British Columbia in Canada, as well as, in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, New York, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming in the United States. Nantahala Lake is the only place in North Carolina where kokanee salmon are found. The fish, which is native to western North America, was stocked in Nantahala Lake in the mid-1960s by the NC Wildlife

net this species using seines and gillnets for fresh or frozen fillet sales and canning. The annual catch can reach 30 million fish in Bristol Bay, Alaska, which is the site of the world's largest sockeye harvest. Sockeye salmon have long been important in the diet and culture of the Coast Salish people of British Columbia. The largest spawning grounds in Asia are located on the Kamchatka Peninsula of the Russian Far East, especially on the Ozernaya River of the Kurile Lake, which accounts for nearly 90% of all Asian sockeye salmon production, and is recognized as the largest spawning

Resources Commission in an attempt to establish the species as a forage fish for other predator fishes in the lake. This stock has remained and become a favorite target for anglers. In Japan, a landlocked variety termed black kokanee, or """"kunimasu"""" in Japanese, was deemed to be extinct after 1940, when a hydroelectric project made its native lake in northern Akita Prefecture more acidic. The species seems to have been saved by transferring eggs to Saiko Lake, 500 kilometers to the south, however. This fish has been treated as a subspecies of sockeye ""Oncorhynchus nerka kawamurae"", or even an independent

ocean and live their entire lives in freshwater. Sockeye salmon is the third-most common Pacific salmon species, after pink and chum salmon. ""Oncorhynchus"" comes from the Greek ὄγκος (onkos) meaning ""barb"", and ῥύγχος (rhynchos) meaning ""snout"". ""Nerka"" is the Russian name for the anadromous form. The name ""sockeye"" is an anglicization of ""suk-kegh"" (sθə́qəy̓), its name in Halkomelem, the language of the indigenous people along the lower reaches of the Fraser River (one of British Columbia's many native Coast Salish languages). ""Suk-kegh"" means ""red fish"". The sockeye salmon is sometimes called red or blueback salmon, due to its color. Sockeye

can also occur and can lead to interactive segregation, which is when species emphasize their differences in diet and habitat to avoid competition. Interspecific competition can affect the growth rates of the salmon if their access to resources is limited. The total registered fisheries harvest of the sockeye in 2010 was some 170,000 tonnes, of which 115,000 tonnes were from the United States and the rest was equally divided between Canada and Russia. This corresponds to some 65 million fish in all, and to some 19% of the harvest of all Pacific salmon species by weight. Commercial fishermen in Alaska

Sockeye salmon Sockeye salmon (""Oncorhynchus nerka""), also called red salmon, kokanee salmon, or blueback salmon, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it. This species is a Pacific salmon that is primarily red in hue during spawning. They can grow up to in length and weigh . Juveniles remain in freshwater until they are ready to migrate to the ocean, over distances of up to . Their diet consists primarily of zooplankton. Sockeye salmon are semelparous, dying after they spawn. Some populations, referred to as kokanee, do not migrate to the

are blue tinged with silver in color while living in the ocean. When they return to spawning grounds, their bodies become red and their heads turn green. Sockeye can be anywhere from in length and weigh from . Two distinguishing features are their long, serrated gill rakers that range from 30 to 40 in number, and their lack of a spot on their tail or back. Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and

in freshwater lakes. The majority of sockeye spawn in rivers near lakes and juveniles will spend one to two years in the lake before migrating to the ocean, although some populations will migrate to saltwater in their first year. Adult sockeye will spend two to three years in the ocean before returning to freshwater. Females will spawn in 3–5 redds over a period of several days. The eggs usually hatch within six to nine weeks and the fry typically rear in lakes before migrating to the ocean. Males partake in competitive and sneaking tactics, formation of hierarchies, and non-hierarchical groupings

over Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Lower temperatures in 2008 North Pacific waters brought in fatter plankton, which, along with greater outflows of Columbia River water, fed the resurgent populations. Proposed legislative efforts, such as the Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act, are attempting to protect the headwaters of the sockeye salmon by preventing industrial development in roadless areas. Record numbers of a once-waning population of sockeye salmon have been returning to the Northwest's Columbia Basin (as of June 2012), with thousands more crossing the river's dams in a single day than the total numbers seen in some previous years.

"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award"
Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945. Hank Greenberg, Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions, while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four: 2001–04). Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times; 9 players have won three times, and 19 have won twice. Frank Robinson is the only player to win the award in both the

American and National Leagues. The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Justin Verlander won the AL award in 2011,

he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Dennis Eckersley in 1992. Verlander also became the first starting pitcher to win this award since Roger Clemens accomplished the feat in 1986. The National League went even longer without an MVP award to a pitcher. After Bob Gibson won in 1968, no pitcher in that league was named MVP until Clayton Kershaw in 2014. Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at

postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what ""most valuable"" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the 25 pitchers who have won the award, 15 are right-handed while 10 are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and

"International League Most Valuable Player Award"
International League Most Valuable Player Award The International League Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual award given to the best player in minor league baseball's International League. Managers from the 14 International League teams vote for the winner of the award, which is then combined with 14 votes from various general managers, broadcasters, and media representatives around the league to determine a winner. In 1932, Marv Owen won the first ever International League MVP Award. First basemen, with 23 winners, have won the most among infielders, followed by third basemen (16), shortstops (9), and second basemen (5). Five

Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. MVP voting takes place before the

Hall of Fame and Museum. International League Most Valuable Player Award The International League Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual award given to the best player in minor league baseball's International League. Managers from the 14 International League teams vote for the winner of the award, which is then combined with 14 votes from various general managers, broadcasters, and media representatives around the league to determine a winner. In 1932, Marv Owen won the first ever International League MVP Award. First basemen, with 23 winners, have won the most among infielders, followed by third basemen (16), shortstops (9),

"Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award"
the National and American League. Originally, the award was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award, named after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s. The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987, 40 years after Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line. Of the 140 players named Rookie of the Year (as of 2016), 16 have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame—Jackie Robinson, five American League players, and ten others from the National League. The award has been shared twice: once by Butch Metzger and Pat Zachry of the National League

only significant change since then occurred in 1961, when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city. Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner,

"The Intelligent Investor"
market folly rather than participate in it. The investor is advised to concentrate on the real life performance of his companies and receiving dividends, rather than be too concerned with Mr. Market's often irrational behavior. Since the work was published in 1949 Graham revised it several times, most recently in 1971–72. This was published in 1973 as the ""Fourth Revised Edition"" , and it included a preface and appendices by Warren Buffett. Graham died in 1976. Commentaries and new footnotes were added to the fourth edition by Jason Zweig, and this new revision was published in 2003. An unabridged audio

"The Investor"
The Investor The Investor is an English online business news service launched on June 14, 2016, in Seoul, South Korea, with the aim of providing global investors with timely and accurate information on Korea’s business landscape. Founded by Korean media and lifestyle company Herald Corporation, The Investor produces more than 100 articles daily, written by a team of Korean and international writers from South Korea’s largest English daily The Korea Herald and its sister Korean publication Herald Business. One of the main features of The Investor is real-time regulatory filings offered for the first time in English in South Korea.

version of the Revised Edition of ""The Intelligent Investor"" was also released on July 7, 2015. 2003 edition The Intelligent Investor The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham, first published in 1949, is a widely acclaimed book on value investing. ""The Intelligent Investor"" is based on value investing, an investment approach Graham began teaching at Columbia Business School in 1928 and subsequently refined with David Dodd. This sentiment was echoed by other Graham disciples such as Irving Kahn and Walter Schloss. ""The Intelligent Investor"" also marks a significant deviation to stock selection from Graham's earlier works, such as ""Security Analysis"". He

"1843 (magazine)"
1843 (magazine) 1843 (formerly Intelligent Life) is a British bi-monthly cultural magazine published by the Economist Group. It was launched under the title ""Intelligent Life"" in September 2007 as a quarterly publication, having previously been a summer annual and describes its coverage as “the arts, style, food, wine, cars, travel and anything else under the sun, as long as it’s interesting”. Beginning March 2016, publisher Economist Group relaunched and rebranded ""Intelligent Life"" as ""1843"" (named for ""The Economist""'s founding year). It remains at six issues per year. In addition to contributions from ""The Economist"" journalists, ""1843"" features articles by writers

from around the world and photography commissioned for each issue. It is edited by Rosie Blau. 1843 (magazine) 1843 (formerly Intelligent Life) is a British bi-monthly cultural magazine published by the Economist Group. It was launched under the title ""Intelligent Life"" in September 2007 as a quarterly publication, having previously been a summer annual and describes its coverage as “the arts, style, food, wine, cars, travel and anything else under the sun, as long as it’s interesting”. Beginning March 2016, publisher Economist Group relaunched and rebranded ""Intelligent Life"" as ""1843"" (named for ""The Economist""'s founding year). It remains at six

"Intelligencer Journal"
Intelligencer Journal The Intelligencer Journal, known locally as the Intell, was the daily, morning newspaper published by Lancaster Newspapers, Inc in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It is the 7th oldest newspaper in the United States and was one of the oldest newspapers to be continually published under the same name. The ""Intelligencer Journal""'s editorial page generally leaned to the Democratic/liberal perspective. The ""Intelligencer"" merged with its sister newspaper, the ""Lancaster New Era"", in 2009. The combined ""Intelligencer Journal-Lancaster New Era"" was rebranded and renamed ""LNP"" in October 2014. The new incarnation of ""LNP"" debuted on October 16, 2014, with a new format

"New Statesman"
Self, John Gray, Laurie Penny, Ed Smith, Stephen Bush, Rowan Williams, Brendan Simms, John Bew, Shiraz Maher and Helen Lewis, the deputy editor. Circulation peaked in the mid-1960s but has surged in recent years. The magazine had a certified average circulation of 34,025 in 2016, a 35-year high. Traffic to the magazine's website reached a new record high in June 2016, with 27 million page views and four million unique users. In September 2014, as part of its digital expansion, the magazine launched two new websites, the urbanism-focused CityMetric and May2015.com, a data and polling site. In 2018, the title

"Investor's Business Daily"
Ramirez won his second Pulitzer for editorial cartooning while at the company. In 2015, the ""IBD"" website was accessed by over 4 million monthly visitors. In 2016, it was announced that the company would change its printing schedule to once a week, but continue to publish new content to its website daily. In May 2016, the first issue of ""IBD Weekly"" was published while the media outlet continued to publish new digital content daily. During the 2016 presidential election in the U.S., ""IBD"" was one of two polls that consistently showed Donald Trump in the lead. Leading up to the

"The New Ledger"
The New Ledger The New Ledger commonly referred to as ""Pete"", is an American web publication which pairs aggregated and ranked news stories with right of center opinion articles by free-market minded moderates, libertarians and conservatives. The site's slogan is ""Welcome to the Know."" Launched in February 2009, the New Ledger's contributors and editors include Pejman Yousefzadeh, Francis Cianfrocca, Christopher Badeaux, Brad Jackson, Benjamin Kerstein, Ted Bromund, Sean Noble, and Amanda Carpenter, some of whom have individual blogs hosted on the site. It is edited by Ben Domenech, who co-founded the conservative activism site Redstate. TNL, as site commenters call

Investor's Business Daily Investor's Business Daily (IBD) is an American newspaper and website covering the stock market, international business, finance and economics. Founded in 1984 by William O'Neil as a print news publication, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Holding a conservative political stance, ""IBD"" provides news and analysis on stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, commodities, and other financial instruments aimed at individual investors and financial professionals. In March, 2016, the company announced that ""IBD"" would become a weekly publication and would focus more on digital operations. The publication will continue to use the ""Investor's Business Daily"" name as it

"Sara Gilbert"
announced that she and Adler had separated amicably. Following the breakup, Gilbert began a relationship with songwriter, music producer and former 4 Non Blondes frontwoman Linda Perry. Gilbert announced their engagement in April 2013, and the pair married on March 30, 2014. Gilbert gave birth to their son, Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry, on February 28, 2015. Sara Gilbert Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress, best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom ""Roseanne"" (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She is also co-host and

"Natalie West"
Natalie West Natalie West (born Natalie Neal West; January 23, 1956) is an American television, film and stage actress best known for her role as Crystal Anderson-Conner on the 1988–2018 TV series ""Roseanne"". West's career began in the early 1980s when she starred in several plays in Chicago area theaters. Her major break came when she won the role of Crystal Anderson Conner, Roseanne's friend and, later, Dan's stepmother, on ""Roseanne"". She was a regular cast member for seasons three and four and a recurring guest star before and afterward. Her final appearance was in the season eight premiere in

"Marguerite Moreau"
Marguerite Moreau Marguerite C. Moreau (born April 25, 1977) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jesse Reeves in the fantasy horror film ""Queen of the Damned"", Katie in the comedy ""Wet Hot American Summer"", and her role in ""The Mighty Ducks"" series of films. She has also made appearances on the popular television series ""Smallville"", ""Lost"", ""Cupid"" and ""The O.C."" Moreau was born on April 25, 1977 in Riverside, California. Her first break-out role was playing the recurring part of Melanie on ""Blossom"" in 1994 and 1995. She guest starred in several TV series

her first leading film role in the independent comedy-drama film ""Nate and Margaret"", playing Margaret. She has continued to perform in several Chicago theatre productions. Her films include ""Bushwhacked"" (1995), ""Life Sentence"" (2004) ""The Poker House"" (2007) and ""Nate and Margaret"" (2012). Natalie West Natalie West (born Natalie Neal West; January 23, 1956) is an American television, film and stage actress best known for her role as Crystal Anderson-Conner on the 1988–2018 TV series ""Roseanne"". West's career began in the early 1980s when she starred in several plays in Chicago area theaters. Her major break came when she won the

"Lee Garlington"
Lee Garlington Ann Leslie ""Lee"" Garlington (born July 20, 1953) is an American actress. Garlington was born in Teaneck, New Jersey. Garlington was recently nominated for a 2018 ""Primetime Emmy Award"" for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series for her role as 'Darlene' in ""Broken"". She has guest starred in a number of notable television series, including ""The West Wing"", ""7th Heaven"", ""8 Simple Rules"", """", ""Judging Amy"", ""Will & Grace"", ""Matlock"", ""L.A. Law"", ""The Practice"", ""Quantum Leap,"" ""Home Improvement"", ""Boston Legal"", ""Roseanne"", ""Get a Life"", ""Profiler"", ""Medium"", ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"", ""Two and a Half

"Faith Ford"
Faith Ford Faith Alexis Ford (born September 14, 1964) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Corky Sherwood on the CBS sitcom ""Murphy Brown"", for which she received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and as Hope Shanowski on the ABC sitcom ""Hope & Faith"". Ford was born as Faith Alexis Ford in Alexandria, Louisiana, the younger daughter of Patricia Walker, a schoolteacher, and Charles Ford, an insurance agent. Ford lived in nearby Pineville and began acting while attending Pineville High School. She moved to Manhattan at the age of 17 and began to model and find

"Danielle Hampton"
Danielle Hampton Danielle Hampton (born August 29, 1978) is a Canadian TV, theatre and movie actress. In 2004 she starred as a regular cast member in the nationally televised soap opera ""Paradise Falls"", playing the role of Charlene ""Charlie"" Piercy. In the same year she was also in the cast of ""Metropia"" playing Jordan. In 2005 she made guest appearances in ""Show Me Yours"". Previous TV guest appearances include ""Kevin Hill"" (2004), ""Odyssey 5"" (2002), and """". Her first film role was in ""Ginger Snaps"". Other film credits include ""White Knuckles"" (2004), ""Detention"" (2003), and ""If Wishes Were Horses"" (2002)

"Cady McClain"
Cady McClain Cady McClain (born Katie Jo McClain on October 13, 1969) is an American actress, singer, and author. McClain's professional acting career began in 1978 at the age of 9, when she was featured in a commercial for Band-Aid bandages. She went on to appear in over thirty commercials for products including McDonald's, Amtrak, Kenner's ""Strawberry Shortcake"" dolls, Burger King, Mattel, Barbie, Maybelline, Shout Detergent, Pillsbury Pop 'n Fresh Rolls, Apple Kool Aid, Prell, Texaco and McCain's Chicken. Among her notable early TV credits was a recurring role on ""St. Elsewhere"", and an appearance on ""Cheers"", when she was

"Taylor Spreitler"
Taylor Spreitler Taylor Danielle Spreitler is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Mia McCormick in the soap opera series ""Days of Our Lives"" (2009–2010), Lennox Scanlon in the sitcom ""Melissa & Joey"" (2010–15), and Kendra Gable in the sitcom ""Kevin Can Wait"" (2016–18). Spreitler's films include the comedy ""3 Day Test"" (2012), the action thriller ""The Contractor"" (2013), and the horror films """" (2017) and ""Leprechaun Returns"" (2018). Spreitler was born in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and spent her younger years in Wiggins, Mississippi, then moved to Amory, Mississippi. Spreitler is a devout Christian. Beginning her career

"You Get Me (film)"
partying and sleeping together. They spend the rest of the weekend in Holly's huge house, with Holly telling Tyler her father died and her stepmom travels a lot. Tyler says that the weekend was special before leaving, seemingly forgetting all about Ali. Tyler gets back together with Ali the following day, and while at school, notices Holly. Holly reveals that she goes there now and wanted to surprise him. Tyler tries cutting ties with Holly multiple times but he fails each time. Holly starts hanging out with Ali, as well as Ali and Tyler’s friends, Gil and Lydia. Lydia, however,

Holly tells Ali that she and Tyler slept together. Tyler and Ali meet at the beach, where he confesses everything to her. Ali states that she never wants to talk to him again, before leaving. Holly then proceeds to get Tyler suspended, saying that he assaulted her. While on suspension, Tyler finds out that Holly's real first name is Elizabeth, and then looks her up online and discovers that she violently assaulted another female student over a boy, and was interred to a mental institution for a while as a result. That night, Ali is kidnapped by Holly, and Tyler

You Get Me (film) You Get Me is a 2017 American thriller film directed by Brent Bonacorso and written by Ben Epstein. The film stars Bella Thorne, Halston Sage, Taylor John Smith, Anna Akana and Nash Grier. It was released on Netflix on June 23, 2017. Tyler is a high school student in love with his girlfriend Alison 'Ali'. One night at a party, Tyler discovers that Ali used to be a heavy partier and would often drink and sleep around. Tyler gets angry and the couple break up. Outside the party, he meets the mysterious Holly. They end up

them at gunpoint. Holly shoots Tyler in the shoulder and then Ali picks up the fire poker, which Tyler had dropped when the two were confronted by Holly, and stabs Holly. Later, Holly, still alive, is wheeled into the back of an ambulance and asks the paramedic man to never leave her and makes him promise. Bella Thorne and Halston Sage were cast as female leads Holly and Ali, respectively in March 2016. Taylor John Smith was cast as male lead Tyler in April 2016. Added to the cast at the same time were Nash Grier, Anna Akana, Garcelle Beauvais

lacking in originality but also dullness. Felix Vasquez Jr. of ""Cinema Crazed"" describes it as ""an abysmal entry in to this ridiculous sub-genre"" and that although the film aspires to be ""Fatal Attraction"", ""it barely registers as a ""Swimfan"" clone"". You Get Me (film) You Get Me is a 2017 American thriller film directed by Brent Bonacorso and written by Ben Epstein. The film stars Bella Thorne, Halston Sage, Taylor John Smith, Anna Akana and Nash Grier. It was released on Netflix on June 23, 2017. Tyler is a high school student in love with his girlfriend Alison 'Ali'. One

soon comes to this deduction himself when Ali fails to respond to his text messages or calls. Meanwhile, Ali awakens to discover that she has been tied up and bound to a chair in Holly's house. Corinne comes home and finds Ali, and attempts to rescue her. However, Holly sneaks up behind Corinne and suffocates her with a plastic bag, killing her. When Tyler arrives at Holly’s house, he discovers Ali unconscious. Ali has been tied mid-air to the ceiling, forehead bleeding. Tyler manages to free Ali, and the two escape outside, but, before they can get away, Holly stops

"Tyler Brennan"
all the wrong reasons, and did not want to regret it. Imogen then fled Tyler's house, leaving him alone and confused. After realising that Imogen did not reciprocate his feelings, Tyler switched his attentions to Paige, who had once dated his brother. She initially told him that she would not be his second choice, but when she learned that Mark had moved on with someone else, she changed her mind. Tyler thought Paige might be using him to get back at Mark, but Paige assured him that she was genuinely interested in him. After spending the day flirting, Tyler and

soon becomes suspicious of Holly when she discovers Holly’s lack of any social media presence. Some time passes and Tyler begins to suspect that Holly is dangerous, especially when meeting her stepmom, Corinne, who reveals that Holly takes medication for a mental disorder. The next day, Holly intentionally causes Lydia to have an extreme allergic reaction after overhearing her telling Ali that she doesn't buy Holly’s story and is going to find out what's going on. Holly later shows up at Tyler’s house, telling him that she wants the two of them to get back together. When Tyler rebukes her,

"You Me Her"
Jack and Emma Trakarsky, from Portland, Oregon, whose desires to conceive have been hampered by their lack of sex drive. One day, Jack's efforts to solve the problem leads both him and Emma to Izzy Silva, a 25-year-old college student and part-time escort. After initially intending to see her as clients, the two jointly start to fall in love with Izzy, who in turn starts to feel the same way. Consequently, they decide to terminate the arrangement and bring Izzy into the marriage as a lover. This opens up a world of new challenges as they find themselves having to

"You're Not You"
of dinner unlike what he told her. Later that night, Kate convinces Bec to access Evan's laptop and they find out that Evan had an affair with his secretary, Cynthia. Distraught, Kate tells Bec to leave however Bec comes rushing over to Kate's during a night out in a bar when she gets a call from Kate. Bec finds Kate at the top of the stairs after a suicide attempt where Kate had almost let herself fall down a flight of stairs. Kate then requests for Bec to bring her elsewhere and away from home. They end up staying the

"The Big Bang Theory (season 11)"
""Thursday Night Football"" ended, the series returned to a Thursday schedule starting on November 2, 2017. Filming for the eleventh season began on August 15, 2017; it was also announced with the taping report that the premiere for the eleventh season would be titled ""The Proposal Proposal"". Before the season premiered, five episodes were filmed from August 15 to September 19, 2017. According to ""TV Guide"", Steve Holland announced on September 22, 2017 that both Bob Newhart and Wil Wheaton would return this season after their absences during Season 10. <onlyinclude> General references The Big Bang Theory (season 11) The

The Big Bang Theory (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" premiered on CBS on Monday, September 25, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 2, 2017, after ""Thursday Night Football on CBS"" ended. The season concluded on May 10, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. Like the previous three seasons, the first five episodes aired on Mondays due to CBS' contractual rights to air the ""Thursday Night Football"" games. After

"The Big Bang Theory (season 10)"
The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after ""Thursday Night Football on CBS"". On March 12, 2014, ""The Big Bang Theory"" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due to to ""Thursday Night Football""

"The Big Bang Theory"
renewed again for three more years through the 2016–17 season. This marks the second time the series has gained a three-year renewal. In March 2017, the series was renewed for two additional seasons, bringing its total to 12, and running through the 2018–19 television season. David Saltzberg, a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles, checks scripts and provides dialogue, mathematics equations, and diagrams used as props. According to executive producer/co-creator Bill Prady, ""We're working on giving Sheldon an actual problem that he's going to be working on throughout the [first] season so there's actual

2009, at 9:00 p.m. while the second part, containing the remaining eleven episodes, began airing in the same time period from May 6, 2010. The first half of the fourth season began airing on November 4, 2010, at 9:00 p.m., drawing 877,000 viewers, with a further 256,000 watching on the E4+1 hour service. This gave the show an overall total of 1.13 million viewers, making it E4's most-watched programme for that week. The increased ratings continued over subsequent weeks. The fourth season's second half began on June 30, 2011. Season 5 began airing on November 3, 2011, at 8:00 p.m.

"The Big Bang Theory (season 1)"
to its airing on CBS, the pilot episode was distributed on iTunes free of charge. The show premiered September 24, 2007, and was picked up for a full 22-episode season on October 19, 2007. Production on the show was halted on November 6, 2007, due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, only to be replaced by a short-lived sitcom, ""Welcome to the Captain"" on February 4, 2008, but returning on March 17, 2008, in an earlier time slot with nine new episodes. David Saltzberg, a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles, checks

"The Big Bang Theory (season 12)"
The Big Bang Theory (season 12) The twelfth and final season of the American television sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2018. The series returned to its regular Thursday time slot on September 27, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. On August 22, 2018, CBS and Warner Bros. Television officially announced that the twelfth season would be the series' last. This stems from Jim Parsons' decision to leave the series at the end of the season if

games. In May 2016, CBS announced at its annual upfront presentation that the series would begin its tenth season on Mondays, before returning to the Thursday slot once the football games ended. Filming for the tenth season began on August 16, 2016, according to posts on Instagram and Twitter by several of the cast members including Kaley Cuoco and Mayim Bialik. Several castings for the tenth season were announced before the season began airing. ""Variety"" announced on July 22, 2016, that Katey Sagal and Jack McBrayer had been cast as Penny's mother and brother, respectively. Information about the characters was

episode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> General references The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after ""Thursday Night Football on CBS"". On March 12, 2014, ""The Big Bang Theory"" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due

main cast, Sheldon and Leonard, are named after actor, director, and producer Sheldon Leonard. Johnny Galecki and Sara Gilbert both selected the episode ""The Hamburger Postulate"" as a Primetime Emmy Award submission for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series, respectively, at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, but both ended up not receiving a nomination. Jim Parsons selected the episode ""The Pancake Batter Anomaly"" as a Primetime Emmy Award submission for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, but ended up not receiving a nomination. The

"When I Look at the World"
When I Look at the World ""When I Look at the World"" is the ninth track from U2's 2000 album, ""All That You Can't Leave Behind"". The song is about a person's faith being troubled by tragedy. It has been described by Bono as being told from ""the point of view of someone who is having a crisis of faith looking at someone who has built their house upon the rock."" ""When I Look at the World"" has also been described as being about the commitment of Ali Hewson towards Chernobyl and the victims of the tragedy. The guitar, drums,

only recorded performance of the song by U2. When I Look at the World ""When I Look at the World"" is the ninth track from U2's 2000 album, ""All That You Can't Leave Behind"". The song is about a person's faith being troubled by tragedy. It has been described by Bono as being told from ""the point of view of someone who is having a crisis of faith looking at someone who has built their house upon the rock."" ""When I Look at the World"" has also been described as being about the commitment of Ali Hewson towards Chernobyl and

"The Haw Lantern"
The Haw Lantern The Haw Lantern (1987) is a collection of poems written by Irish poet Seamus Heaney, the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995. Several of the poems—including the sonnet cycle ""Clearances""—explore themes of mortality and loss inspired by the death of his mother, Margaret Kathleen Heaney (the ""M.K.H."" referenced in the dedication to ""Clearances""), who died in 1984 and of his father two years later. The title of the collection refers to the haw fruit. The fruit is an important symbol of defiance against winter, a symbol of, the dignity of the Northern Irish in

"This Is My Father's World"
""My Father's World"". The original poem contained sixteen stanzas of four lines each. The poem was set to music in 1915 by Franklin L. Sheppard, a close friend of Babcock; Sheppard's tune is titled ""Terra Beata"" (Latin for ""Blessed Earth""). Sheppard adapted the music from a traditional English melody that he learned from his mother as a child. When sung as a hymn Babcock's poem usually is condensed to three to six verses, with each verse corresponding to two stanzas in the poem. An example (from the ""United Methodist Hymnal"") uses stanzas 2-5, 14, and 16: The poem refers to

"Ah! Sun-flower"
piano. In 2002, the Canadian sisters Kate and Anna McGarrigle wanted to record Ed Sanders' setting in French; they asked Philippe Tatartcheff to translate the poem, only to find the words no longer scanned with the tune. So they composed a new tune which accommodated both languages. That appeared the following year on their album ""La vache qui pleure"" in both English and French recordings. Ah! Sun-flower ""Ah! Sun-flower"" is an illustrated poem written by the English poet, painter and printmaker William Blake. It was published as part of his collection ""Songs of Experience"" in 1794 (no.43 in the sequence

"The Song of the World"
The Song of the World The Song of the World () is a 1934 novel by the French writer Jean Giono. The narrative is set around a river and portrays human vendettas as a part of nature. The story contains references to the ""Iliad"". Its themes and view on nature were heavily inspired by Walt Whitman's poetry collection ""Leaves of Grass"". It was adapted into the 1965 film ""Le Chant du monde"", directed by Marcel Camus. The novel was serialised in ""Revue de Paris"" from 1 March to 15 April 1934. Éditions Gallimard published the book on 16 May the

"World Literature Today"
award that year). During the 1981 visit, Butor gave seminars and delivered lectures on such topics as “Literature and Dream” and “The Origin of the Text,” but perhaps the most memorable Butor text connected to his visit was the poem he wrote, adapted from the French by Ivar Ivask, entitled “An Evening in Norman,” of which the first stanza reads: “My window faces west just as it does in Nice / where it’s deep night now / the rays of the moon’s first quarter / illuminate the sky both here and there.” For ""Books Abroad"", House and his editors began

"O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben"
O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben """" (literally: O world, see here your life) is a Lutheran hymn in German by Paul Gerhardt. The hymn for Passiontide in 16 stanzas of 6 lines was first published in 1647 in Johann Crüger's ""Praxis pietatis melica"". The hymn is known as the source for chorales in Bach's Passions. It was translated to English in several versions, for example ""O, World! behold upon the tree"" by Catherine Winkworth in 1858. Gerhardt wrote the hymn for Passiontide in 16 stanzas of 6 lines each to the melody of ""O Welt, ich muß dich lassen"",

the face of violence and trouble, and offering a small piece of light and hope in the darkness. The image of the lantern evoked by the title is a reference to the traditional account of the Greek cynic philosopher Diogenes of Sinope. According to the story, Diogenes carried a lantern through the streets in search of an honest man in the light. The Haw Lantern The Haw Lantern (1987) is a collection of poems written by Irish poet Seamus Heaney, the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995. Several of the poems—including the sonnet cycle ""Clearances""—explore themes of

"Thomas Gordon Hake"
unimpaired. He died on 11 January 1895. In 1839, he published a prose epic ""Vales"", republished in ""Ainsworth's Magazine"" as ""Valdarno"", which attracted the attention of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Rossetti, against his habit, reviewed Hake's poems in ""The Academy"" http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1744999] and the ""Fortnightly Review"". Hake became a member of the circle round Rossetti. Hake's first poetry collection, ""The World's Epitaph"", was published in 1866, in a print run of 100. In 1871, Hake published ""Madeline""; in 1872, ""Parables and Tales""; in 1879, ""Legends of the Morrow""; in 1880 ""Maiden Ecstasy"" (poems); in 1883, ""The Serpent Play""; in 1890, ""New Day

"Climate of Dubai"
Climate of Dubai Dubai has a tropical desert climate, Köppen classification Bwh, because of its location within the Northern desert belt. Summers are extremely hot and humid, with an average high around and overnight lows around . Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are warm and short with an average high of and overnight lows of . Precipitation, however, has been increasing in the last few decades with accumulated rain reaching per year. The weather in Dubai can bring short and irregular rainfall as is typical for the Middle East. Most of the rainfall occurs in the December

very hot, dry and humid, with temperatures reaching for many days. Even the sea temperature reaches , with humidity averaging over 90%. Rainfall in Dubai is infrequent and does not last for a long period. It mostly rains during the winter period between December and March in the form of short downpours and an occasional thunderstorm. On average, rain falls only five days a year. February is the wettest month in Dubai with an average of of rain. The weather in Dubai is extremely dry in the month of June with little or no rain. March and December also record

to March period. The weather between December and March remains warm and is considered to be the most comfortable climatic conditions of the year. <section end=""weatherbox"" /> The climate of Dubai is warm and sunny due to its position near the line of the Tropic of Cancer. During the winter season it has an average daytime temperature of . Nighttime temperatures near the coastline range between to , while in the desert they are with the nights being relatively cool throughout the year. Near coastal areas humidity averages between 50% and 60%. In the summer, the weather in Dubai is

some amount of rainfall. The rainfall during January, April, July, October and November are about average while the amount of rain in May, August and September are comparatively lower. In January the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is . The average rainfall is 10 mm (0.4 inches) of, with rain generally falling on just two days of the month. While the average sea temperature in January is . On January 15, 2008 of rain was recorded in 24 hours. In February the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is . The average rainfall is during February. While the average

sea temperature is . In March the average temperature is , with moderate heat and humidity. The average rainfall is during March, with rain generally falling on just four days of the month. While the average sea temperature is . In April the average daytime temperature is , with high heat and humidity. The average rainfall is with rain generally falling on just two days of the month. The average sea temperature in April is . In May the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. The average rainfall is during May, with rain generally falling on just

is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall during September. Average sea temperature in September is . In October the average temperature is , with very high heat and humidity. The average sea temperature around Dubai Airport in October is . In November the average temperature is , with high heat and humidity. On average only of rainfall may occur in November. Average sea temperature in November is . In December the average temperature is , cool to warm with high humidity. The average rainfall during the month is . With rain generally

falling on just 2 days of the month. The average sea temperature in December is . During the summer season, a low pressure area develops over Dubai forcing strong north-westerly winds to blow from Saudi Arabia. These winds, also known as Shamal (north) in Arabic, become gusty and unpredictable on reaching Dubai. Shamal boost up the desert sand and reduce visibility and the dust storm sandstorms may last for several days. Notable sandstorms that hit Dubai during the last few years include: Climate of Dubai Dubai has a tropical desert climate, Köppen classification Bwh, because of its location within the

one day of the month. The average sea temperature is . In June the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall in June. The average sea temperature in June is . In July the average temperature is extremely high with extreme heat and humidity. Average sea temperature in the month of July is . In August the average temperature is , with extreme heat and humidity. There is very little chance of any rainfall during August. While the average sea temperature in August is . In September the average temperature

Dubai
concentrated to the west of Dubai Creek, on the Jumeirah coastal belt. Port Rashid, Jebel Ali, Burj Al Arab, the Palm Jumeirah and theme-based free-zone clusters such as Business Bay are all located in this section. Dubai is notable for sculpted artificial island complexes including the Palm Islands and The World archipelago. Dubai has a hot desert climate. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, windy, and humid, with an average high around and overnight lows around in the hottest month, August. Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are cool with an average high of and overnight lows of

"Emirate of Abu Dhabi"
and a very hot summer. The Emirate’s high summer (June to August) temperatures are associated with high relative humidity, especially in coastal areas. Abu Dhabi has warm winters with occasionally low temperatures. The air temperatures show variations between the coastal strip, the desert interior and areas of higher elevation, which together make up the topography of the Emirate. Abu Dhabi receives scant rainfall but totals vary greatly from year to year. Seasonal northerly winds blow across the country, helping to ameliorate the weather, when they are not laden with dust, in addition to the brief moisture laden south-easterly winds. The

"Hardball (film)"
(Julian Griffith), a sweet, overweight, asthmatic player; Jamal (Michael B. Jordan), Andre’s best friend and the oldest on the team; Miles Penfield II (A. Delon Ellis, Jr.), the brilliant pitcher who listens to Notorious BIG’s ‘Big Poppa’ to pitch well; and Jarius ""G-Baby"" Evans (DeWayne Warren), Kofi’s much Younger brother who is too young to play so he becomes Conor’s assistant. The kids tell Conor it is because their teacher, Elizabeth ""Sister"" Wilkes (Diane Lane), is making several boys finish a book report. Conor visits the teacher, but his life is threatened repeatedly by his bookies for not paying his

must coach a baseball team of troubled African-American fifth grade kids from Chicago's ABLA housing projects in exchange for $500 each week, for ten weeks. Worried only about getting his $500 check, Conor shows up at the baseball field to a rag tag bunch of trash-talking, street-wise, inner city kids who live in the projects. Some of the team includes: Andre Ray Peetes (Bryan Hearne), a smart mouthed jokester and captain of the team who forms a strong bond with Conor; Kofi Evans (Michael Perkins), a troubled, angry boy who is the best player on the team; Jefferson Albert Tibbs

reviews"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A–"" on an A+ to F scale. A soundtrack containing hip hop and R&B music was released on September 11, 2001 by Columbia Records. It peaked at #55 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and #34 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Hardball (film) Hardball is a 2001 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Brian Robbins and starring Keanu Reeves, Diane Lane and D. B. Sweeney. The screenplay by John Gatins is based on the book ""Hardball: A Season in the Projects"" by Daniel Coyle. The original music score is composed

Hardball (film) Hardball is a 2001 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Brian Robbins and starring Keanu Reeves, Diane Lane and D. B. Sweeney. The screenplay by John Gatins is based on the book ""Hardball: A Season in the Projects"" by Daniel Coyle. The original music score is composed by Mark Isham. The film was released on September 14, 2001. Conor O'Neill (Keanu Reeves) is a gambler who secretly bets $6,000 on his (dead) father's account and is now severely in debt with two bookies. In order to repay the debts, he is told by a corporate friend that he

"Get Hard"
of ""B"" on an A+ to F scale. Get Hard Get Hard is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Etan Cohen (in his directorial debut) and written by Cohen, Jay Martel and Ian Roberts. The film stars Will Ferrell, Kevin Hart, Tip 'T.I.' Harris, Alison Brie, and Craig T. Nelson. The film was released on March 27, 2015 to negative reviews but was a financial success, grossing over $111 million worldwide. James King is an extremely wealthy hedge fund manager at Barrow Funds, run by Martin Barrow. He is engaged to Barrow's daughter Alissa. James has come to know

"Get Hard"
Get Hard Get Hard is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Etan Cohen (in his directorial debut) and written by Cohen, Jay Martel and Ian Roberts. The film stars Will Ferrell, Kevin Hart, Tip 'T.I.' Harris, Alison Brie, and Craig T. Nelson. The film was released on March 27, 2015 to negative reviews but was a financial success, grossing over $111 million worldwide. James King is an extremely wealthy hedge fund manager at Barrow Funds, run by Martin Barrow. He is engaged to Barrow's daughter Alissa. James has come to know Darnell Lewis, a car wash attendant who accidentally

"Get Hard"
Will Ferrell and Kevin Hart were attached to starring roles. On February 26, 2014, it was announced Craig T. Nelson had joined the cast to play Martin Barrow, the founder of Barrow Funds (Ferrell's character's boss) and also the father of Ferrell's character's fiancée. On March 17, 2014 Alison Brie signed on to star, playing the fiancée of Ferrell's character. On March 21, 2014, Edwina Findley joined the cast to play Rita Hudson, wife to Hart's character. On March 24, 2014 Dan Bakkedahl joined the cast to play Rick, Ferrell's hated enemy at their office. On March 25, 2014, T.I.

"Hard Sell (film)"
Hard Sell (film) Hard Sell is an American comedy-drama written and directed by Sean Nalaboff in his directorial debut. The film stars Katrina Bowden, Skyler Gisondo, and Kristin Chenoweth, with Hannah Marks and Kevin Kilner in supporting roles. The story centers around Hardy Buchanan (Skyler Gisondo), a poor high school senior surrounded by affluence at an elite private school, located on Long Island's Gold Coast. Hardy struggles to support his unstable mom (Kristin Chenoweth) and her prized possession, Walter, the family dog. When Walter gets sick, Hardy has to come up with fast cash to pay for the surgery. Alone

"Die Hard"
area with Argyle. Additional cast includes Hans's henchmen: Bruno Doyon as Franco, Andreas Wisniewski as Tony, Joey Plewa as Alexander, Lorenzo Caccialanza as Marco, Gerard Bonn as Kristoff, Dennis Hayden as Eddie, Al Leong as Uli, Gary Roberts as Heinrich, Hans Buhringer as Fritz, and Wilhelm von Homburg as James. Robert Davi and Grand L. Bush appear as FBI Special Agent Big Johnson and Agent Little Johnson, respectively, Tracy Reiner appears as Thornburg's assistant, and Taylor Fry and Noah Land make minor appearances as McClane's children Lucy McClane and John Jr. Produced by Lawrence Gordon and Joel Silver, the film

winning the pre-championship game, G-Baby is struck and killed by a stray bullet. Conor wants to forfeit the game, but G-Baby's older brother rallies the team together. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 39% based on 100 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Although ""Hardball"" contains some touching moments, they are not enough to transcend the sports formula."" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating ""mixed or average

"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"
Where Have All the Flowers Gone? ""Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in ""Sing Out!"" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical ""where?"" and meditation on death place the song in the ""ubi sunt"" tradition. In 2010, the ""New Statesman"" listed it as one of the ""Top 20 Political Songs"". The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records Hall of Fame series 45 single,

a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have ""qualitative or historical significance."" Where Have All the Flowers Gone? ""Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in ""Sing Out!"" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical ""where?"" and meditation on death place the song in the ""ubi sunt"" tradition. In 2010, the ""New Statesman"" listed it

13-33088, by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category. Seeger found inspiration for the song in October 1955 while he was on a plane bound for a concert at Oberlin College, one of the few venues which would hire him during the McCarthy era. Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage, ""Where are the flowers, the girls have plucked them. Where are the girls, they've all taken husbands. Where are the men, they're all in the army."" These lines were taken from the traditional Cossack folk song ""Koloda-Duda"", referenced in

the Mikhail Sholokhov novel ""And Quiet Flows the Don"" (1934), which Seeger had read ""at least a year or two before"". In a 2013 interview, Seeger explained that he borrowed the melody from an Irish lumberjack song with the words 'Johnson says he'll load more hay.' He simply slowed the tune and incorporated it to the lines. Seeger created a song which was subsequently published in ""Sing Out"" in 1962. He recorded a version with three verses on ""The Rainbow Quest"" album (Folkways LP FA 2454) released in July 1960. Later, Joe Hickerson added two more verses with a recapitulation

of the first in May 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana. In 2010, the ""New Statesman"" listed it as one of the ""Top 20 Political Songs"". The song appeared on the compilation album ""Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits"" (1967) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416. Pete Seeger's recording from the Columbia album ""The Bitter and the Sweet"" (November 1962), CL 1916, produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13-33088 backed by ""Little Boxes"" in August, 1965. Pete Seeger's recording of his composition was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is

"Flowers of the Forest"
of James IV, many of his nobles, and over 10,000 men - the titular ""Flowers of the Forest"" - at the Battle of Flodden Field in northern England in 1513, a significant event in the history of Scotland. She published it anonymously and it was at the time thought to be an ancient surviving ballad. However, Burns suspected it was an imitation, and together with Ramsay and Sir Walter Scott eventually discovered its author. The song, written in Scots, is also known as The Floo'ers o' the Forest (are a' wede away) and describes the grief of women and children

"Jean Elliot"
either at Minto House, or Mount Teviot, the residence of her younger brother Admiral John Elliot, on 29 March 1805. Jean Elliot Jean Elliot (April 1727 – 29 March 1805), also known as Jane Elliot, was a Scottish poet. She wrote one of the most famous versions of ""The Flowers of the Forest"", a song lamenting the Scottish army's defeat in the Battle of Flodden. Published in 1776, it is her only surviving work. The lyrics are set to a tune later collected into a melody by John Skene. Daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Jean was born in 1727 at

(or tune) apparently survived, but several versions of the words were written down later, the most usual being by Jean Elliot published about 1755 - see links below. In 1765 the wit and socialite Alison Cockburn published her lyrics to the ""Flowers of the Forest"" beginning ""I've seen the smiling of Fortune beguiling"" said to have been written before her marriage in 1731 . It concerns a financial crisis that had ruined the fortunes of a number of the Selkirk Lairds. Later biographers, however, think it probable that it was written on the departure to London of a certain John

"The Last Flower"
The Last Flower The Last Flower is an anti-war short story written and illustrated by James Thurber's own drawings; it deals with themes of war, peace, love, and resilience. This short parable was originally published in November 1939, two months after World War II officially began. It was ahead of its time as an early graphic novel. ""The Last Flower"" was written as Thurber began to realize the sorrow and chaos of war, as can be read via the dedication to his only child ""in the wistful hope that her world will be better than mine."" The Houghton Mifflin Chronology

Jean Elliot Jean Elliot (April 1727 – 29 March 1805), also known as Jane Elliot, was a Scottish poet. She wrote one of the most famous versions of ""The Flowers of the Forest"", a song lamenting the Scottish army's defeat in the Battle of Flodden. Published in 1776, it is her only surviving work. The lyrics are set to a tune later collected into a melody by John Skene. Daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Jean was born in 1727 at Minto House in Teviotdale. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, when a party of Jacobites came to arrest her influential

"Wheel construction"
tire, and a central disc, also known as the disc or spider, which connects the wheel to the vehicle. Wheels are usually of two types: semi-drop center (SDC), used in trucks, and drop center (DC), used in other vehicles. The wheel is one of the most important inventions, but its inventor and exact date of invention are not yet known. The oldest known wheel was excavated from Mesopotamia, believed to be 5500 years old. This earliest wheel was a potter's wheel, used in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), invented by Mesopotamians (also known as Sumerians) around 3500

BCE. The earliest known use of the wheel for transportation is in Mesopotamian chariots about 3200 years ago. Egyptians developed wheels with spokes about 2000 years ago, followed by Europeans some 1400 years ago. Another source says the oldest wheel used for transportation, with a radius of 27.5 inches (70 centimeters), was discovered in 2002, about 12.5 miles (20 kilometres) south west of Ljubljana in Slovenia, and is believed to be 5200 years old. Most wheels are single-piece wheels, made using casting, forging, rim rolling and/or high light methods. In casting, wheels are made by using a mold. The mold

"Ferris wheel"
riding the Great Wheel: Similar wheels also appeared in England in the 17th century, and subsequently elsewhere around the world, including India, Romania, and Siberia. A Frenchman, Antonio Manguino, introduced the idea to America in 1848, when he constructed a wooden pleasure wheel to attract visitors to his start-up fair in Walton Spring, Georgia. In 1892, William Somers installed three fifty-foot wooden wheels at Asbury Park, New Jersey; Atlantic City, New Jersey; and Coney Island, New York. The following year he was granted the first U.S. patent for a ""Roundabout"". George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. rode on Somers' wheel in

Wheel
dated. The rim is the ""outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire."" It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. For example, on a bicycle wheel the rim is a large hoop attached to the outer ends of the spokes of the wheel that holds the tire and tube. In the 1st millennium BCE an iron rim was introduced around the wooden wheels of chariots. The hub is the center of the wheel, and typically houses a bearing, and is where the

Wheel
rise, eventually, to classical Greece after the breaking of Minoan dominance and consolidations led by pre-classical Sparta and Athens. Celtic chariots introduced an iron rim around the wheel in the 1st millennium BCE. The spoked wheel was in continued use without major modification until the 1870s, when wire-spoked wheels and pneumatic tires were invented. The wire spokes are under tension, not compression, making it possible for the wheel to be both stiff and light. Early radially-spoked wire wheels gave rise to tangentially-spoked wire wheels, which were widely used on cars into the late 20th century. Cast alloy wheels are now

Wheel
not occur in the Americas prior to European contact, numerous small wheeled artifacts, identified as children's toys, have been found in Mexican archeological sites, some dating to about 1500 BCE. It is thought that the primary obstacle to large-scale development of the wheel in the Americas was the absence of domesticated large animals which could be used to pull wheeled carriages. The closest relative of cattle present in Americas in pre-Columbian times, the American Bison, is difficult to domesticate and was never domesticated by Native Americans; several horse species existed until about 12,000 years ago, but ultimately became extinct. The

"Wheel series"
among the most successful shows on American television in the 1970s. The concept debuted in 1955 with ABC's ""Warner Bros. Presents"". ""Warner Bros. Presents"" was a one-hour show rotating three series based on the movies ""King's Row"", ""Casablanca"", and ""Cheyenne"", with the last 10 minutes set aside for the segment, ""Behind The Cameras at Warner Brothers"". Warner Bros. was inspired by the ""Disneyland"" anthology series to do the series for publicity. The series lasted for one season. NBC began working with the wheel format in 1968 with the 90-minute ""The Name of the Game"". Based on the successful 1966 telefilm,

"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)"
and more than 200 lighting instruments, and is held by a stainless steel shaft with roller bearings. Altogether, the wheel weighs approximately . The show's original puzzle board had three rows of 13 manually operated trilons, for a total of 39 spaces. On December 21, 1981, a larger board with 48 trilons in four rows (11, 13, 13 and 11 trilons) was adopted. This board was surrounded by a double-arched border of lights which flashed at the beginning and end of the round. Each trilon had three sides: a green side to represent spaces not used by the puzzle, a

Contestants not appearing on stage at Wheelmobile events have their applications retained and get drawn at random to fill second-level audition vacancies. At the second audition, potential contestants play more mock games featuring a miniature wheel and puzzle board, followed by a 16-puzzle test with some letters revealed. The contestants have five minutes to solve as many puzzles as they can by writing in the correct letters. The people who pass continue the audition, playing more mock games which are followed by interviews. ""Wheel of Fortune"" premiered on January 6, 1975, at 10:30 am (9:30 Central) on NBC. Lin Bolen,

"Wheel and axle"
wheel and axle are capstans, belt drives and gears. The Halaf culture of 6500–5100 BCE has been credited with the earliest depiction of a wheeled vehicle, but this is doubtful as there is no evidence of Halafians using either wheeled vehicles or even pottery wheels. One of the first applications of the wheel to appear was the potter's wheel, used by prehistoric cultures to fabricate clay pots. The earliest type, known as ""tournettes"" or ""slow wheels"", were known in the Middle East by the 5th millennium BCE (one of the earliest examples was discovered at Tepe Pardis, Iran, and dated

"African Footballer of the Year"
African Footballer of the Year The African Footballer of the Year award, presented to the best African footballer each year, has been conferred by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) since 1992. An earlier ""African Footballer of the Year"" Golden Ball award was given out between 1970 and 1994 by ""France Football"" magazine. The changes resulted in parallel Golden Ball awards given out to Abedi Pele and George Weah in 1993 and 1994 by the magazine although the CAF sponsored awards for those years were won respectively by Rashidi Yekini and Emmanuel Amuneke, as well as two awards given to

"BBC African Footballer of the Year"
BBC African Footballer of the Year The BBC African Footballer of the Year (previously known as the BBC African Sports Star of the Year and the BBC African Sports Personality of the Year) is an annual award given to the best African footballer of the year as voted by the BBC radio listeners. Voting is done via SMS and online. Initially a sports award, the inaugural winner was Ghana's Abedi Pele in 1992. The only non-footballers to win the award was track and field athlete Frankie Fredericks in 1993, and long-distance track and road running athlete Haile Gebrselassie in 1998.

"CAF Team of the Year"
CAF Team of the Year The CAF Team of the Year is an annual football award given by the Confederation of African Football during the CAF Awards. In 2007, the CAF did not choose the team of the year, but rather chose the best ten players of the last 50 years. The ten players were Mahmoud El Khatib and Hossam Hassan from Egypt, Roger Milla and Samuel Eto'o from Cameroon, Abedi Pele from Ghana, Kalusha Bwalya from Zambia, George Weah from Liberia, Rabah Madjer from Algeria, Didier Drogba from Ivory Coast, and Nwankwo Kanu from Nigeria. Source: Source: Source: Source:

"Ghana Player of the Year"
leading global digital media player corporate group in the world, acquired for $30,000,000 (GH₵70.3 million and CN¥183.4 million) and is published by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). Eligible are all Ghanaian professional association footballers. The award has been presented on 21 occasions as of 2013. Three-time African Footballer of the Year, Abedi Pele was the fourth Player of the Year; and the most successful player is Samuel Kuffour, who was chosen as Ghana Player of the Year three times and he was the sixth, seventh and ninth to receive this award; followed by the joint second most successful player Stephen

Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: CAF Team of the Year The CAF Team of the Year is an annual football award given by the Confederation of African Football during the CAF Awards. In 2007, the CAF did not choose the team of the year, but rather chose the best ten players of the last 50 years. The ten players were Mahmoud El Khatib and Hossam Hassan from Egypt, Roger Milla and Samuel Eto'o from Cameroon, Abedi Pele from Ghana, Kalusha Bwalya from Zambia, George Weah from Liberia, Rabah Madjer from Algeria, Didier Drogba from Ivory Coast, and

Abedi Pelé in 1992. ""France Football"" discontinued the election from 1995 after the European Ballon d'Or – also awarded by the magazine – had been opened to all players in the European leagues. On 2 February 2008, Sevilla's Frédéric Kanouté was named the 2007 African Footballer of the Year. Kanouté, who was born in France, is the first European-born player to win the award (he plays for his father's native country of Mali). The award by ""France Football"" magazine was awarded to the best African footballer between 1970 and 1994. The award was discontinued in 1995 after the European Footballer

The Zambia national football team were posthumous winners of the award in 1994, following the plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean a year previous. The award became centred around football from 2001 onwards, Cameroon's Patrick M'Boma was the last person to win it as a sports award. Nigeria's Nwankwo Kanu and Jay-Jay Okocha, as well as the Ivory Coast's Yaya Touré and Egypt's Mohamed Salah are the only players to win the award more than once, with two wins. BBC African Footballer of the Year The BBC African Footballer of the Year (previously known as the BBC African Sports Star

"2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final"
advanced at the expense of the defending champions. In the quarters, they defeated pre-tournament favorites Cote d'Ivoire 2–1 in a shocking upset where Emenike and Mba scored goals. Keshi's gamble of including six home-based players in the squad paid further dividends as Nigeria crushed Mali 4–1 in the semis (goalscorers Echiejele, Ideye, Musa and Emenike) If the disputed goal is included, Emenike will be the tournament's joint top scorer with four goals along with Ghana's Mubarak Wakaso coming into the final. On the other hand, Burkina Faso had reached the semi-finals of the tournament once when they hosted in 1998,

"Yaya Touré"
was fined £54,000 – at the time the largest fine for drink driving in British legal history. Touré was nominated in the Personality of the Year category at the 2014 MTV Africa Music Awards. In July 2014, Touré was nominated for Prize in Entertainment at the 2014 The Future Africa Awards. In December 2015, Touré won the BBC African Footballer of the Year on a public vote for the second time, after leading the Ivory Coast to victory in the 2015 African Cup of Nations. Olympiacos Barcelona Manchester City Ivory Coast Individual Yaya Touré Gnégnéri Yaya Touré (born 13 May

"MTV Africa Music Awards 2014"
Dr SID, Fally Ipupa, Michael Lowman, Don Jazzy, DJ Clock, Beatenberg, DJ Kent, Big Nuz, Toofan, D'Banj, DJ Vigi, DJ Tira, DJ Buckz, and Burna Boy. On 27 May 2014, the nominees for the MTV Base Leadership Award were announced. On 28 May 2014, MTV Base revealed Drake, Beyoncé, Rihanna, Pharrell Williams, and Miley Cyrus as the nominees for the Best International Act category. Davido and Mafikizolo received the most nominations with four each. Mi Casa and P-Square received three nominations. Diamond Platnumz and Wizkid were nominated twice for both Best Male and Best Collaboration. Marlon Wayans wore a bead-studded

"Civis (surname)"
Civis (surname) The surname Civis is an ancient surname that is derived from Latin and means Citizen. It has the same root as the words civil, civilized, civilian and civic. In ancient times it implied a Roman Citizen, as contrasted to a military person, and was perhaps most famously uttered by the Roman Senator Cicero, who said, ""Civis Romanus sum,"" meaning, ""I am a Roman Citizen."" Whether or not the surname Civis as currently used implies descent from a Roman fore bearer, or whether it arose 'de novo' from Central European citizenship records that were kept in Latin is not

Slavic languages. Civis (surname) The surname Civis is an ancient surname that is derived from Latin and means Citizen. It has the same root as the words civil, civilized, civilian and civic. In ancient times it implied a Roman Citizen, as contrasted to a military person, and was perhaps most famously uttered by the Roman Senator Cicero, who said, ""Civis Romanus sum,"" meaning, ""I am a Roman Citizen."" Whether or not the surname Civis as currently used implies descent from a Roman fore bearer, or whether it arose 'de novo' from Central European citizenship records that were kept in Latin

"Quintus (praenomen)"
used after the collapse of Roman civil institutions in the fifth and sixth centuries, and has survived to the present day. Quintus is the Latin word for ""fifth"", and it falls into a class of similar praenomina including the masculine names ""Sextus, Septimus, Octavius, Nonus"", and ""Decimus"", as well as the feminine names ""Prima, Secunda, Tertia, Quarta, Sexta, Septima, Octavia, Nona"", and ""Decima"". It is generally believed that the name was originally given to a fifth child, a fifth son, or a fifth daughter. However, it has also been argued that Quintus and the other praenomina of this type could

"Neri (surname)"
Neri (surname) Neri, is a common surname from Italy. It also can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Philippines, and the U.S.A, particularly among those of Italian descent. Back to the 12th century, Neri, was supposedly a noble family from Tuscany, while other sources cites [[Italian Jews|Jewish roots] from [[Sicily]] as its earliest reference in Italy, thus, its real origin remains unknown. Derived from the [[Italian language|Italian]] word — ""nero"" (black), to describe a dark-complexioned or black-haired person, though many Neris have no connection to that, but were given the surname precisely because of its commonness. e.g.: The spelling variations includes:

Quintus (praenomen) Quintus () is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia. The feminine form is ""Quinta"". The name was regularly abbreviated Q. Throughout Roman history, Quintus was one of the most common praenomina, generally occupying fourth or fifth place, behind ""Lucius"", ""Gaius"", and ""Marcus"", and occurring about as frequently as ""Publius"". Although many families did not use the name at all, it was particularly favored by others. The name continued to be

sounds represented by ""P"" and ""Q"" were frequently reversed between Oscan and Latin. The gentes Pompilia and Pomponia (both of which claimed descent from Numa Pompilius) were derived from this praenomen. The nomen Pompeius may also be a patronymic based on the name Pompo. Quintus (praenomen) Quintus () is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia. The feminine form is ""Quinta"". The name was regularly abbreviated Q. Throughout Roman history, Quintus was one

Neretti, Neriti, Nerini, Nero, Neroni, Nerucci, and Nerozzi. [[Category:Italian noble families]] [[Category:French-language surnames]] [[Category:Italian-language surnames]] [[Category:Jewish surnames]] [[Category:Sephardic surnames]] [[de:Gacus]] [[pt:Neri]] Neri (surname) Neri, is a common surname from Italy. It also can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Philippines, and the U.S.A, particularly among those of Italian descent. Back to the 12th century, Neri, was supposedly a noble family from Tuscany, while other sources cites [[Italian Jews|Jewish roots] from [[Sicily]] as its earliest reference in Italy, thus, its real origin remains unknown. Derived from the [[Italian language|Italian]] word — ""nero"" (black), to describe a dark-complexioned or black-haired person, though many

"Titus (praenomen)"
Titus (praenomen) Titus (; ) is a Latin ""praenomen"", or personal name, and was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic ""gens Titia"". The feminine form is ""Tita"" or ""Titia"". It was regularly abbreviated T. For most of Roman history, Titus was the sixth most common praenomen, following ""Lucius, Gaius, Marcus, Publius"", and ""Quintus"". While not used by every family, it was widely used by all social classes and was a favorite of many families. The name survived the Roman Empire, and has

Julia
Julia Julia is usually a woman's given name. It has three syllables. It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julio and Julius. Julius was a Roman family, derived from a founder Julus, the son of Aeneas and Creusa in Roman mythology, although the name's etymology may possibly derive from Greek ("""") ""downy-[haired, bearded]"" or alternatively from the name of the Roman god Jupiter. Like its male counterpart, the given name ""Julia"" had been in use throughout Late Antiquity (e.g. Julia of Corsica) but became rare during the Middle Ages, and was revived only with the Italian Renaissance. It

"Sextus (praenomen)"
widespread amongst all social classes, and was favored by some families. The name survived the collapse of Roman civil institutions in the 5th and 6th centuries, and has continued in use into modern times. ""Sextus"" is the Latin word for ""sixth"", and it falls into a class of similar praenomina including the masculine names ""Quintus, Septimus, Octavius, Nonus"", and ""Decimus"", as well as the feminine names ""Prima, Secunda, Tertia, Quarta, Septima, Octavia, Nona"", and ""Decima"". It is generally believed that the name was originally given to a sixth child, a sixth son, or a sixth daughter. However, it has also

"History of Maryland"
I. Some Catholic scholars believe that George Calvert named the province after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The name in the charter was phrased ""Terra Mariae"", ""anglice"", Maryland. The English name was preferred due to the undesired associations of ""Mariae"" with the Spanish Jesuit Juan de Mariana, linked to the Inquisition. As did other colonies, Maryland used the headright system to encourage people to bring in new settlers. Led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert's younger brother, the first settlers departed from Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on November 22, 1633, aboard two small ships, the ""Ark"" and the ""Dove"".

Their landing on March 25, 1634, at St. Clement's Island in southern Maryland is commemorated by the state each year on that date as Maryland Day. This was the site of the first Catholic mass in the Colonies, with Father Andrew White leading the service. The first group of colonists consisted of 17 gentlemen and their wives, and about two hundred others, mostly indentured servants. After purchasing land from the Yaocomico Indians and establishing the town of St. Mary's, Leonard, per his brother's instructions, attempted to govern the country under feudalistic precepts. Meeting resistance, in February 1635, he summoned a

History of Maryland The recorded history of Maryland dates back to the beginning of European exploration, starting with the Venetian John Cabot, who explored the coast of North America for the Kingdom of England in 1498. After European settlements had been made to the south and north, the colonial Province of Maryland was granted by King Charles I to Sir George Calvert (1579–1632), his former Secretary of State in 1632, for settlement beginning in March 1634. It was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics, since Calvert had publicly converted to that faith. Like other colonies

the year 800. They ate what they could kill, grow or catch in the rivers and other waterways. By 1000 AD, there were about 8,000 Native Americans, all Algonquian-speaking, living in what is now the state, in 40 different villages. By the 17th century, the state was populated by a mix of Iroquoian and Algonquian peoples. These were the Susquehannocks (west of the Delaware River), the Tuscarora and Tockwogh (on the Delmarva Peninsula between the Delaware and Indian Rivers), the Piscataway (surrounding the Potomac River from Washington D.C. south) and the Nanticoke (Delmarva Peninsula, south of the Indian River). John

of the sixteenth century. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for ""Maryland Colony"" (in Latin ""Terra Mariae"") was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. Some historians viewed this as compensation for his father having been stripped of his title of Secretary of State in 1625 after announcing his Roman Catholicism. Officially the colony is said to be named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles

year due to the land sinking and rising sea levels. In 2013, Maryland abolished capital punishment. History of Maryland The recorded history of Maryland dates back to the beginning of European exploration, starting with the Venetian John Cabot, who explored the coast of North America for the Kingdom of England in 1498. After European settlements had been made to the south and north, the colonial Province of Maryland was granted by King Charles I to Sir George Calvert (1579–1632), his former Secretary of State in 1632, for settlement beginning in March 1634. It was notable for having been established with

"Province of Maryland"
of religious toleration. To try to gain settlers, Maryland used what is known as the headright system, which originated in Jamestown. Settlers were given of land for each person they brought into the colony, whether as settler, indentured servant, or slave. Of the 200 or so initial settlers who traveled to Maryland on the ships ""Ark"" and ""Dove,"" the majority were Protestant. On November 22, 1633, Lord Baltimore sent the first settlers to the new colony, and after a long voyage with a stopover to resupply in Barbados, the ""Ark"" and the ""Dove"" landed on 25 March 1634 (thereafter celebrated

Nacotchtank lived is now the District of Columbia. On the west bank of the Potomac river in what is now Virginia were the related tribes of the Patawomeck and the Doeg. Further west in the Appalachian Mountains, the Shawnee lived near Oldtown at a site abandoned around 1731. On the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake, from south to north, there were the Nanticoke tribes: Annemessex, Assateagues, Wicomicoes, Nanticokes, Chicacone, and, on the north bank of the Choptank River, the Choptanks. The Tockwogh tribe lived near the headwaters of the Chesapeake near what is now Delaware. They were driven further north

by enemies and eventually broke apart, with some staying in the region, others merging with the Nanticoke and others, known as the Conoy, migrated west into West Virginia. Some appeared around the end of the 18th century at Fort Detroit in Michigan. When Europeans began to settle in Maryland in the early 17th century, the main tribes included the Nanticoke on the Eastern Shore, and the Iroquoian speaking Susquehannock. Early exposure to new European diseases brought widespread fatalities to the Native Americans, as they had no immunity to them. Communities were disrupted by such losses. Furthermore, The Susquehannock, already incorrectly

into min-kwe and translates to ""as a woman."" As to when they arrived, some early records detailing their oral history seem to point to the fact that they descended from an Iroquoian group who conquered Ohio centuries before, but were pushed back east again by Siouan and Algonquin enemies. They also conquered and absorbed other unknown groups in the process, which probably explains how languages like Tuscarora came to be so completely divergent from other Iroquoian languages. It also appears possible that the word ""Iroquois"" actually derived from their language. The Nanticoke seem to have been largely confined to Indian

"West Virginia"
there was considerable labor strife as working conditions, safety issues and economic concerns arose. Even in the 21st century, mining safety and ecological concerns is still challenging to the state whose coal continues to power electrical generating plants in many other states. Coal is not the only valuable mineral found in West Virginia, as the state was the site of the 1928 discovery of the 34.48 carat (6.896 g) Jones Diamond. Located in the Appalachian Mountain range, West Virginia covers an area of , with of land and of water, making it the 41st-largest state in the United States. West

the premier rock climbing destinations in the eastern U.S., the New River Gorge/Fayetteville area draws rock climbers as well as whitewater rafting enthusiasts, and the Monongahela National Forest is popular with hikers, backpackers, hunters, and anglers. In addition to such outdoor recreation opportunities, the state offers a number of historic and cultural attractions. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park is a historic town situated at the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers. Harpers Ferry was the site of John Brown's 1859 slave revolt and raid on the US Armory and Arsenal. Located at the approximate midpoint of the Appalachian Trail,

Rockies. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of West Virginia was 1,831,102 on July 1, 2016, a 1.2% decrease since the 2010 United States Census. The center of population of West Virginia is located in Braxton County, in the town of Gassaway. At the 2010 Census, the racial composition of the state's population was: In the same year, 1.2% of West Virginia's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). As of 2012, West Virginia has an estimated population of 1,855,413, which is an increase of 49, or 0.0%, from the

West Virginia West Virginia () is a state located in the Appalachian region in the Southern United States and is also considered to be a part of the Middle Atlantic States. It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, Maryland to the east and northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 41st largest state by area, and is ranked 38th in population. The capital and largest city is Charleston. West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. Delegates from

per year, with 1,400 of those statistically attributed to deaths from heart, respiratory and kidney disease from living in an Appalachian coal county. In 2015, McDowell County had the highest rate of drug-induced deaths of any county in the United States, with a rate of 141 deaths per 100,000 people. Four of the five US counties with the highest rates of drug-induced deaths are located in West Virginia (McDowell, Wyoming, Cabell and Raleigh Counties). West Virginia's capital and seat of government is the city of Charleston, located in the southwest area of the state. The West Virginia Legislature is bicameral.

"Morgantown, West Virginia"
Morgantown, West Virginia Morgantown is a city in and the county seat of Monongalia County, West Virginia, situated along the banks of the Monongahela River. It is known as the home of West Virginia University and the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system. With a permanent population of 31,073 per the 2015 U.S. Census estimates, Morgantown is the largest city in North-Central West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has a population of 138,176. Morgantown is closely tied to the Anglo-French struggle for this territory. Until the Treaty of Paris in 1763, what is now known as Morgantown was greatly contested

and Harpers Ferry in the Eastern Panhandle region are considered part of the Washington metropolitan area, in between the states of Maryland and Virginia. The unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. It is the only state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission; the area is commonly defined as ""Appalachia"". The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries, and its political and labor history. It

important coal center of Bluefield, West Virginia was founded. The ""capital"" of the Pocahontas coalfield, this city would remain the largest city in the southern portion of the state for several decades. It shares a sister city with the same name, Bluefield, in Virginia. In the northern portion of the state and elsewhere, the older Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) and other lines also expanded to take advantage of coal opportunities. The B&O developed coal piers in Baltimore and at several points on the Great Lakes. Other significant rail carriers of coal were the Western Maryland Railway (WM), Southern Railway

sandstone building in the western hemisphere, second worldwide only to the Kremlin in Moscow. Tours of the building, which is a National Historic Landmark and part of the National Civil War Trail, are offered seasonally and by appointment year round. West Virginia has numerous popular festivals throughout the year. One of the major resources in West Virginia's economy is coal. According to the Energy Information Administration, West Virginia is a top coal-producer in the United States, second only to Wyoming. West Virginia is located in the heart of the Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Bed, which stretches from Tennessee north to

is also known for a wide range of outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, whitewater rafting, fishing, hiking, backpacking, mountain biking, rock climbing, and hunting. Many ancient man-made earthen mounds from various prehistoric mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of present-day Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of village societies. They had a tribal trade system culture that crafted cold-worked copper pieces. In the 1670s during the Beaver Wars, the powerful Iroquois, five allied nations based in present-day New York and Pennsylvania, drove out other American Indian tribes from the region in order

"Yom Kippur"
it the Sabbath of Sabbaths and a day upon which one must afflict one's soul. Five additional prohibitions are traditionally observed, as detailed in the Jewish oral tradition (""Mishnah"" tractate ""Yoma"" 8:1). The number five is a set number, relating to: The traditions are as follows: A parallel has been drawn between these activities and the human condition according to the Biblical account of the expulsion from the garden of Eden. Refraining from these symbolically represents a return to a pristine state, which is the theme of the day. By refraining from these activities, the body is uncomfortable but can

Yom Kippur Yom Kippur (; , , or ), also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. Its central themes are atonement and repentance. Jewish people traditionally observe this holy day with an approximate 25-hour period of fasting and intensive prayer, often spending most of the day in synagogue services. ""Yom"" means ""day"" in Hebrew and ""Kippur"" comes from a root that means ""to atone"". Yom Kippur is usually expressed in English as ""Day of Atonement"". Yom Kippur is ""the tenth day of [the] seventh month"" (Tishrei) and is regarded as the

still survive. The soul is considered to be the life force in a body. Therefore, by making one’s body uncomfortable, one’s soul is uncomfortable. By feeling pain one can feel how others feel when they are in pain. This is the purpose of the prohibitions. Total abstention from food and drink as well as keeping the other traditions begins at sundown, and ends after nightfall the following day. One should add a few minutes to the beginning and end of the day, called ""tosefet Yom Kippur"", lit. ""addition to Yom Kippur"". Although the fast is required of all healthy men

commit that sin in the future and to confess that sin before God. Confession in Judaism is called ""Vidui"" (Hebrew וידוי). There is also a commandment to repent on Yom Kippur. Accordingly, Yom Kippur is unique for the confessional, or ""Vidui"", that is part of the prayer services. In keeping with the requirement to repent on Yom Kippur, Jews recite the full ""Vidui"" a total of 9 times: once during Mincha on Yom Kippur eve, and on Yom Kippur itself during Ma'ariv (2 times), Shacharit (2 times), Musaf (2 times), and Mincha (2 times); at Ne’eilah, only the short confessional

Yoma
Yoma Yoma (Aramaic: יומא, lit. ""The Day"") is the fifth tractate of ""Seder Moed"" (""Order of Festivals"") of the ""Mishnah"" and of the ""Talmud"". It is concerned mainly with the laws of the Jewish holiday Yom Kippur, on which Jews atone for their sins from the previous year. It consists of eight chapters and has a Gemara (""Completion"") from both the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. The first chapter is regarding the seven days before Yom Kippur in which the Kohen Gadol is separated from his wife and moves into a chamber on the Beit HaMikdash, sprinkled with water

the Gregorian calendar will result in Yom Kippur falling no earlier than September 15. Gregorian calendar dates for recent and upcoming Yom Kippur holidays are: The Torah calls the day ""Yom HaKippurim"" (יוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים) and in it decrees a strict prohibition of work and affliction of the soul upon the tenth day of the seventh month, later known as Tishrei. The laws of Yom Kippur are mentioned in three passages in the Torah: Traditionally, Yom Kippur is considered the date on which Moses received the second set of Ten Commandments. It occurred following the completion of the second 40 days

Yoma
also discusses repentance. Yoma Yoma (Aramaic: יומא, lit. ""The Day"") is the fifth tractate of ""Seder Moed"" (""Order of Festivals"") of the ""Mishnah"" and of the ""Talmud"". It is concerned mainly with the laws of the Jewish holiday Yom Kippur, on which Jews atone for their sins from the previous year. It consists of eight chapters and has a Gemara (""Completion"") from both the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. The first chapter is regarding the seven days before Yom Kippur in which the Kohen Gadol is separated from his wife and moves into a chamber on the Beit HaMikdash,

or a Shabbat or Yom Tov, which have four prayer services (""Ma'ariv""; ""Shacharit""; ""Mussaf"", the additional prayer; and ""Mincha""), Yom Kippur has five prayer services (""Ma'ariv""; ""Shacharit""; ""Musaf""; ""Mincha""; and ""Ne'ilah"", the closing prayer). The prayer services also include private and public confessions of sins (""Vidui"") and a unique prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur ""avodah"" (service) of the Kohen Gadol (high priest) in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. As one of the most culturally significant Jewish holidays, Yom Kippur is observed by many secular Jews who may not observe other holidays. Many secular Jews attend synagogue on Yom

fulfill. In Orthodox synagogues and many Conservative ones a detailed description of the Temple ritual is recited on the day. In most Orthodox and some Conservative synagogues, the entire congregation prostrates themselves at each point in the recitation where the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) would pronounce the Tetragrammaton (God’s holiest name, according to Judaism). The main section of the Avodah is a threefold recitation of the High Priest’s actions regarding expiation in the Holy of Holies. Performing the sacrificial acts and reciting , (""Your upright children""). (These three times, plus in some congregations the ""Aleinu"" prayer during the Musaf Amidah

Kippur—for many secular Jews the High Holy Days are the only times of the year during which they attend synagogue—causing synagogue attendance to soar. ""Erev Yom Kippur"" (lit. ""eve [of] day [of] atonement"") is the day preceding Yom Kippur, corresponding to the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. This day is commemorated with additional morning prayers, asking others for forgiveness, giving charity, performing the kapparot ritual, an extended afternoon prayer service, and two festive meals. mandates establishment of this holy day on the 10th day of the 7th month as the day of atonement for sins. It calls

"Eleven (Stranger Things)"
a heated argument with Hopper over her leaving the cabin, ending with her using her powers to damage the cabin out of anger. The next day, cleaning the mess she made of the cabin, she discovers by looking through records in the cabin's basement that her birth mother is alive, a contradiction to what Hopper had told her. She then goes to meet her birth mother, Terry, and her aunt, Becky, and discovers what happened to Terry at Hawkins Laboratory. While there, she realizes Terry is trying to talk with her, but due to her catatonic state, is unable to.

"The Strange Woman"
concerned about the lawlessness in town, lumberjacks drunkenly pillaging the town, manhandling the women and killing the judge, confirming Poster's long-held belief that Bangor must organize a police force. Jenny secretly hopes that her husband will die after he falls ill. When he recovers, Poster must make a trip to his lumber camps. Jenny appeals to Ephraim to arrange his father's death, saying, ""I want you to return alone."" In the rapids, both men fall from an overturned canoe and Poster drowns. His son, still deathly afraid of water, is unable or unwilling to save him. To his shock, Ephraim

fictional rural town of Hawkins, Indiana, during the early 1980s. The nearby Hawkins National Laboratory ostensibly performs scientific research for the United States Department of Energy, but secretly does experiments into the paranormal and supernatural, including those that involve human test subjects. Inadvertently, they have created a portal to an alternate dimension called ""the Upside Down"". The influence of the Upside Down starts to affect the unknowing residents of Hawkins in calamitous ways. The first season begins in November 1983, when Will Byers is abducted by a creature from the Upside Down. His mother, Joyce, and the town's police chief,

"The Little Stranger"
maids. When Mrs Ayres goes to investigate, she is locked in the nursery where Susan, her much-loved first daughter, died of diphtheria at eight years old. Experiencing shadows and indiscernible fluttering and frantic to escape, Mrs Ayres pounds the windows open, cutting her arms. After Caroline and the maids free her and she recovers, she comes to believe and take comfort that Susan is around her at all times, that Susan is impatient to be with her though she sometimes harms her. One morning not long after, Caroline and the maid find that Mrs Ayres has hanged herself. The day

Eleven (Stranger Things) Eleven (born Jane Ives; later Jane Hopper) is a fictional character of the Netflix science fiction horror series ""Stranger Things"". Portrayed by English actress Millie Bobby Brown, she is a girl with psychokinetic and telepathic abilities. Eleven is the daughter of Teresa ""Terry"" Ives, a participant in the Project MKUltra experiments conducted by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Eleven appears to have been born telekinetic. However, the use of her abilities temporarily weakens her and causes her nose to bleed. At birth, Eleven was taken away from her mother by Dr. Martin Brenner and was

"The Omen"
a new nanny, Mrs. Baylock, arrives unannounced to replace her; the five-year old Damien violently resists entering a church; and zoo animals are terrified of Damien. Katherine becomes increasingly afraid of Damien and distances herself from him. Father Brennan, a Catholic priest, tries to warn the Ambassador about Damien's mysterious origins, hinting that he is not human. The priest later tells Robert that Katherine is pregnant and that Damien will prevent her from having the child. Afterward, Brennan is impaled and killed by a lightning rod thrown from the roof of a church during a sudden storm. Katherine tells Robert

"What's the Matter with Helen?"
a mysterious intruder enters the house, walks up the staircase, and calls her real name. Helen reacts by pushing him down the stairs. When he lands at the bottom, his head is gashed open, blood is seeping onto the floor, and Helen envisions her late husband, who was mutilated by a plow, and the dead Ellie Banner. Adelle arrives home to find the dead stranger and, fearing publicity, decides to dispose of the body. As the rain pours, she and Helen drag the dead man into the street and dump his body into an open hole, adjacent to their home,

"The Curse of the Cat People"
tangentially related to its predecessor. After the death of his wife Irena (Simone Simon), Oliver Reed (Kent Smith) has married former co-worker Alice Moore (Jane Randolph), and they now have a six-year-old introverted daughter, Amy (Ann Carter). Amy has trouble at school because she spends too much time daydreaming, no matter how much Oliver tries to encourage her to make friends and cope with reality. After Amy finds a photo of the deceased Irena, whose name is never mentioned in the house, Irena appears to her and the two strike up a friendship. At the same time, Amy befriends Julia

"Things as They Are; or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams"
when she tried to escape. Emily's emotional distress at these events resulted in her falling ill and dying. The conflict between the two men came to a head when, at the funeral services for Emily, Tyrrel physically attacked Falkland. Tyrrel himself was found murdered shortly afterward. Although immediately considered a suspect for Tyrrel's murder, Falkland defended himself on the basis of his stainless reputation. Instead, two tenants of Tyrrel were found with incriminating evidence, convicted of the murder, and both hanged. Falkland's emotional state, Mr Collins explains, has been wavering ever since. The account of Falkland's early life intrigues Caleb,

"Betty Eadie"
an angelic reappearance. Eadie's doctor reportedly verified her clinical death on a return visit to the hospital, attributing it to a hemorrhage during a nurses' shift change, and took great interest in her recollections. Independent verification of the length of her death was not possible, but she speculated it could have lasted up to four hours based on her memory of certain details preceding and following it. Some elements of her account seem on their face inconsistent, such as the idea of an elaborately interdependent universal plan and the human ability to fail at it. This for example, she attributed

"I Love You, Man"
on a $40 million budget. This movie marks the third collaboration between Jason Segel and Paul Rudd, who had worked together on ""Knocked Up"" and ""Forgetting Sarah Marshall"" previously. Peter Klaven (Paul Rudd), a Los Angeles real estate agent, proposes to his girlfriend Zooey Rice (Rashida Jones), and she accepts. Peter seems to not have any close friends to share the good news with, only family and mainly female acquaintances. After overhearing Zooey's friends voicing their concerns over his lack of close male friends, Peter decides that he needs to find male friends in order to have a best man

"You, Me and Him (2017 film)"
You, Me and Him (2017 film) You, Me and Him is a British Romantic comedy film written and directed by Daisy Aitkens, released in 2017. Its early title was Fish Without Bicycles. The film focuses on the relationships between a lesbian couple, Olivia (Lucy Punch) and Alex (Faye Marsay), and their womanizing neighbour John (David Tennant). Olivia, a career lawyer in her 40's, feels ready to start a family but Alex, a much younger artist, remains unsure. When Olivia reveals that she has already begun fertility treatment and insemination, the couple have an argument. Alex has an encounter with John

Paul Rudd and Jason Segel."" Metacritic gives it a weighted average score of 70% based on reviews from 34 critics. Giving the film three out of four stars, Peter Travers with ""Rolling Stone"" said that despite the formulaic plot, ""It's the variations that Rudd and Segel spin on this theme that make the movie hugely enjoyable."" He also praised the supporting cast. ""Entertainment Weekly"" gave the film an A, and said that ""Paul Rudd gives a startlingly funny and original performance."" ""USA Today"" gave the film a glowing review, stating ""the movie works because everything hinges on the camaraderie and

meets Sydney Fife (Jason Segel), an investor who is attending the show simply to pick up divorced women and take advantage of the free food. The two quickly become friends, especially bonding over their mutual adoration of the progressive rock band Rush. Peter introduces Sydney to Zooey at their engagement party, but the meeting takes an unfortunate turn when a nervous Sydney makes a very awkward toast. The next night, Peter agrees to attend a Rush concert with Sydney, on the condition that he can bring Zooey. During the concert, Zooey is left feeling ignored by Peter and Sydney. The

"Zoe (film)"
Zoe (film) Zoe is an 2018 American romantic science fiction film directed by Drake Doremus. It stars Ewan McGregor, Léa Seydoux, Christina Aguilera, Theo James, Rashida Jones, Miranda Otto, and Matthew Gray Gubler. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 21, 2018. It was released on July 20, 2018, by Amazon Studios. On August 19, 2016, it was announced that Charlie Hunnam and Léa Seydoux would star in the untitled sci-fi romance film, which Drake Doremus would direct from a script by Rich Greenberg who collaborated with Doremus on the Emmy winning web series

and wakes up in his bed. When the two women discover that they are each pregnant, the three people's relationships enter complicated and uncharted territory. You, Me and Him (2017 film) You, Me and Him is a British Romantic comedy film written and directed by Daisy Aitkens, released in 2017. Its early title was Fish Without Bicycles. The film focuses on the relationships between a lesbian couple, Olivia (Lucy Punch) and Alex (Faye Marsay), and their womanizing neighbour John (David Tennant). Olivia, a career lawyer in her 40's, feels ready to start a family but Alex, a much younger artist,

during the week of March 31, 2008. ""I Love You, Man"" is the third collaboration between Paul Rudd and Jason Segel, following the Judd Apatow projects ""Knocked Up"" and ""Forgetting Sarah Marshall"", while writer/director John Hamburg previously worked with Segel on Apatow's ""Undeclared"" television series. It only took one lunch to get Segel and Rudd to sign on to do the film and this set the stage for other actors to sign on. On February 13, 2008 it was announced that Rashida Jones would be in the female lead opposite Rudd. Later, in an interview with FirstShowing.net, Jones revealed that

"Yes Man (film)"
back to Tillie and to his surprise enjoys the moment. Carl starts to seize every opportunity that comes his way. He renews his friendships with Pete and Rooney; builds a bond with his boss, Norman; assists Pete's fiancée, Lucy (Sasha Alexander), with her bridal shower; attends Korean language classes; and much more. He earns a corporate promotion at work and, making use of his guitar lessons, plays Third Eye Blind's song ""Jumper"" to persuade a man not to commit suicide. Accepting a band flyer outside of a coffee shop, he sees an idiosyncratic band called Munchausen by Proxy; the lead

because Segel and Rudd were already attached to the project she ""knew immediately that it was gonna be even funnier than I would think."" At the beginning of the March 31, 2008 week, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that Jaime Pressly had joined the film's cast, playing the best friend of Rashida Jones' character. Hamburg comically stated that he was lucky in casting J.K. Simmons because his contract states ""he has to be in one out of every four movies made."" Jon Favreau started working on the film the same week ""Iron Man"" came out, a film which he directed. He

which is the default file extension for an audio file in windows media player

"Windows Media Audio"
algorithm. In this situation, WMA 9 Pro players which have not been updated to the WMA 10 Pro codec can only decode the lower quality WMA 9 Pro stream. Starting with WMA 10 Pro, eight channel encoding starts at 128 kbit/s, and tracks can be encoded at the native audio CD resolution (44.1 kHz, 16-bit), previously the domain of WMA Standard. Despite a growing number of supported devices and its superiority over WMA, WMA Pro still has little hardware and software support. Some notable exceptions to this are the Microsoft Zune (limited to stereo), Xbox 360, Windows Mobile-powered devices with

"Media player (software)"
Media player (software) A media player is a computer program/software for playing multimedia files like audios, videos, movies and music. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play ( ), pause ( ), fastforward, backforward, and stop ( ) buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or ""playback bars"") to locate the current position in the duration of the media file. Mainstream operating systems have at least one built-in media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player while OS X comes with QuickTime

all Android devices have native support for WMA files because the core Android platform doesn't support this format, but third-party software that supports it also exists. WMA format can be played in almost all Windows Mobile and later Windows Phone devices. Software that can export audio in WMA format include Windows Media Player, Windows Movie Maker, Microsoft Expression Encoder, Sony Sound Forge, GOM Player, RealPlayer, Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Audition, and Adobe Soundbooth. Microsoft Office OneNote supports encoding in all WMA codecs, and Windows Media Encoder supports all available bit rate and resolution options as well. Open source players like

preference. Apart from Windows Media Player, most of the WMA compression formats can be played using ALLPlayer, VLC media player, Media Player Classic, MPlayer, RealPlayer, Winamp, Zune Software (with certain limitations—DSP plugin support and DirectSound output is disabled using the default WMA plugin), and many other software media players. The Microsoft Zune media management software supports most WMA codecs, but uses a variation of Windows Media DRM which is used by PlaysForSure. The FFmpeg project has reverse-engineered and re-implemented the WMA codecs to allow their use on POSIX-compliant operating systems such as Linux. The Rockbox project further extended this codec

personal computers. Media player (software) A media player is a computer program/software for playing multimedia files like audios, videos, movies and music. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play ( ), pause ( ), fastforward, backforward, and stop ( ) buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or ""playback bars"") to locate the current position in the duration of the media file. Mainstream operating systems have at least one built-in media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player while OS X comes

Windows Media DRM cannot play DRM-protected files. Windows Media Audio Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the name of a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as ""WMA"", was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs. ""WMA Pro"", a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high resolution audio. A lossless codec, ""WMA Lossless"", compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity (the regular

Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, newer Toshiba Gigabeat and Motorola devices, and devices running recent versions of the Rockbox alternative firmware. In addition, WMA Pro is a requirement for the WMV HD certification program. On the software side, Verizon utilizes WMA 10 Pro for its V CAST Music Service, and Windows Media Player 11 has promoted the codec as an alternative to WMA for copying audio CD tracks. WMA Pro is supported in Silverlight as of version 2 (though only in stereo mode). In the absence of the appropriate audio hardware, WMA Pro can automatically downmix multichannel audio to stereo

related to WMA standard. It retains most of the same general coding features, but also features improved entropy coding and quantization strategies as well as more efficient stereo coding. Notably, many of the WMA standard's low bitrate features have been removed, as the core codec is designed for efficient coding at most bitrates. Its main competitors include AAC, HE-AAC, Vorbis, Dolby Digital, and DTS. It supports 16-bit and 24-bit sample bit depth, sampling rates up to 96 kHz and up to eight discrete channels (7.1 channel surround). WMA Pro also supports dynamic range compression, which reduces the volume difference between

VLC media player can also do some encoding. The WMA codecs are most often used with the ASF container format, which has an optional DRM facility. Windows Media DRM, which can be used in conjunction with WMA, supports time-limited music subscription services such as those offered by unlimited download services, including MTV's URGE, Napster, Rhapsody, Yahoo! Music Unlimited, and Virgin Digital. Windows Media DRM, a component of PlaysForSure and Windows Media Connect, is supported on many modern portable audio devices and streaming media clients such as Roku, SoundBridge, Xbox 360, and Wii. Players that support the WMA format but not

up making similar design choices. All three are pure transform codecs. Furthermore, the MDCT implementation used in WMA is essentially a superset of those used in Ogg and AAC such that WMA iMDCT and windowing routines can be used to decode AAC and Ogg Vorbis almost unmodified. However, quantization and stereo coding is handled differently in each codec. The primary distinguishing trait of the WMA Standard format is its unique use of 5 different block sizes, compared to MP3, AAC, and Ogg Vorbis which each restrict files to just two sizes. WMA Pro extends this by adding a 6th block

"The Archers"
rewritten and rerecorded at short notice, such as the death of Princess Margaret (particularly poignant because she had appeared as herself on the programme), the World Trade Center attacks, and the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The events and implications of the 2001 foot-and-mouth crisis required many ""topical inserts"" and the rewriting of several storylines. In January 2012, Oliver Sterling, owner of Grange Farm, together with his tenant, Ed Grundy, elected to vaccinate the badgers on their farm in an attempt to prevent the spread of bovine tuberculosis. The plotline came within weeks of the government confirming a badger cull

Books"" and ""Episodes"", so Debbie manages a farm in Hungary and her visits to Ambridge are infrequent. Felicity Jones played Emma Carter from the age of 15 but after a period of studying at Wadham College, Oxford, she gave up the role to move into television and cinema. Some of the actors, when not playing their characters, earn their money through different jobs altogether: Charlotte Connor, when not playing Susan Carter (credited as Charlotte Martin), works full-time as a senior research psychologist at the Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation; her office is a short walk from BBC Birmingham, and

Borchester
Borchester Borchester is a fictional town in the BBC Radio 4 radio series ""The Archers"". It is the county town of the fictional county of Borsetshire. According to series tradition it is located 6 miles north-east of Ambridge in the Am Vale and is an historic market and wool town. These typically English country-town features are complemented by more modern additions, such as Underwoods (an upmarket department store), Jaxx bar, which was previously a café both managed by Kenton Archer, and Ambridge Organics, the shop run by Helen Archer, who also makes the Borsetshire Blue cheese sold in Underwoods. As

"Dowsby Hall"
Dowsby Hall Dowsby Hall is an early 17th-century house situated in Dowsby, Lincolnshire, England, and to the north of Bourne. Originally a much grander house, attributed to the architect John Thorpe, it was converted to farm house in the late 18th century. It is listed Grade II*. From about 1920 to 1987, it was the home of Henry Burtt, who suggested the idea of the radio programme The Archers to the BBC producer Godfrey Baseley. The land on which the house stands was acquired by Thomas Rigdon of Chartham in Kent when he married Anne heiress of Anthony Villiers, whose

"Eydon Hall"
it sold within two months to video game developer Chris Stamper for £17m. Eydon Hall Eydon Hall is a Palladian stately home near the village of Eydon, in Northamptonshire. It is a Grade I listed building, and is currently in use as a private residence. The house, built of ironstone, remains broadly as it was originally designed, with nine bedrooms and four major reception rooms across two main floors. The top floor, with servants quarters, is hidden from view by balustrades around the side of the roof, and there is a large basement. The house has a number of unusual

"Woodperry House"
being owned by Farzaneh and Kaveh Moussavi, an Iranian human rights lawyer, it was sold in 2006 for £20m to financier Scot Young, who then sold it in 2009 as part of his £400m divorce. Young sold it on to the Belgian financier Pierre Lagrange, one of the founders of GLG Partners. The house is Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England. The name Woodperry is derived from the Old English wudu-pyrige, 'the pear-tree near the wood'. There was formerly a Woodperry village that disappeared after 1540, with excavations in the 1950s. Woodperry House Woodperry House is

and rediscovery of a pair of spectacles, competitive marmalade-making, or nonsense such as a 'spile troshing' competition, rather than the large-scale and improbable events that form the plots of many soap operas. According to some of the actors, and confirmed in the writings of Godfrey Baseley, in its early days the show was used as a conduit for educational announcements from the Ministry of Agriculture, one actor reading an announcement almost verbatim to another. Direct involvement of the government ended in 1972. The show has reacted within a day to agricultural emergencies such as outbreaks of foot and mouth disease

"Shirenewton Hall"
film ""The Woman He Loved"", about the abdication of King Edward VIII, starring Anthony Andrews and Olivia de Havilland and Jane Seymour, was partly shot at the estate. The property was purchased in 1997 when it was in need of refurbishment. It remains in private ownership, valued at £4,750,000 as of 2012. Generally closed to the public, the grounds have occasionally been used for fundraising events. The hall has been placed on the market for sale on a number of occasions in the 21st century, mostly recently in May 2018. The west entrance front of the house, and the south

"Castle Hill, Englefield Green"
Castle Hill, Englefield Green Castle Hill (originally known as Elvill's) is a large late-18th-century or early-19th-century Grade II listed mansion in Englefield Green, Surrey. The estate totaled 33 acres in 2012, it had previously stood at 108 acres at the time of its 1863 sale. It was designed by Stiff Leadbetter for Sir John Elwill, 4th Baronet and built between 1758 and 1763. It was purchased by the Ugland Marine Insurance Company in the 1990s. It is presently owned by a foreign royal family. In addition to the main house, the entrance gates, bothy, stable block, and dairy are all

"Hall's Croft"
Hall's Croft Hall's Croft is a building in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, which was owned by William Shakespeare's daughter, Susanna Hall, and her husband Dr John Hall whom she married in 1607. The building is listed grade I,and now contains a collection of 16th- and 17th-century paintings and furniture. There is also an exhibition about Doctor John Hall and the obscure medical practices of the period. The property includes a dramatic walled garden which contains a variety of plant life that John Hall may have used in his treatments. John and Susanna Hall later moved to New Place, which William Shakespeare

"Garo (TV series)"
as Kakashi, Anna Aoi as Meru, Tetsuya Yanagihara as Esaruto, and Keiko Matsuzaka as Judam. A third TV series titled was broadcast on April 5, 2013. The series is set in the near future, and features an entirely new story with a new Garo named Ryuga Dougai venturing into Horror-plagued Vol City. The series also presents a brand new main cast that includes Wataru Kuriyama, Tsunenori Aoki, Junya Ikeda and fashion model Miki Nanri. In March 2013, the ""Garo"" team announced a new film titled , which was released on July 20 of that year. Set during the time of

Nobunagun
holder platoons stationed on each of DOGOO’s three floating fortresses: Alex Rogan (Second Platoon’s HQ), Joji Atsumi, and Steven Hiller. The auxiliary battleship Clayton Forrester holds the three together. The fortresses circle around the Pacific Ocean so when reports of an EIO reach them, the nearest fortress will send their platoon to engage the enemies. The main characters in the series are part of the DOGOO's Second Platoon. They include: Some of the characters' real names are unknown, and are thus referred to by their weapons which carry the spirits of various historical figures. Each Special Squad member's AU object

"Nekketsu Saikyō Go-Saurer"
both the Gosaurer and Magnasaurer are transformed by the school itself, rather than launched under the base of school/street, which means the facilities in school are usable, but also means that the armour are extremely weak. It is piloted by Ishita Gorou. This form is the form Gosaurer takes when first launched. It is good for transportation but not much else, as the only weapons usable in this form are the Thunder Cannons, Jet Vulcan, and the Saurer Jet itself. Once it has reached its destination, it splits into its three components with the command ""Saurer Formation."" It is piloted

to the following attacks: The combination of Gosaurer, Magnasaurer and Gransaurer into a single, powerful robot. It requires all the Saurers to be on board to commence the merge, and Kenichi, Youji and Kinta must all give the command ""Chou Nekketsu Gattai"" (Super-Hot-Blooded Merge) simultaneously to their Commander units. It can use the following attacks: In last episode it can further combine with the every part of the school which extra amour are placed on King Gosaurer, while the usable armaments are reduced to King Blade. The unit itself is called . ""OUR GOOD DAY...Bokura no GOOD DAY"" by Megumi

"Neppu Kairiku Bushi Road"
pits of despair after being ravaged by a poison called ""shinobi"" that came to earth via an asteroid. The people ran away to the place called ""Kairiku,"" a place that used to be the bottom of the ocean. Here, the people try and protect themselves against the effects of the poison. In such a world, there was a single light of hope. The ""Holy Weapon Giga Road"" and the legendary warrior ""Yagyuu"" are needed in order to counter the effects of the poison. Ame, a princess of a fallen nation, stands up in order to save the world. He is

"Mirai Sentai Timeranger"
Ayase is portrayed by . Domon is portrayed by (Played as ). Sion is portrayed by . Wataru Asami forms a security force under his Asami Corporation to protect the city from the Londers. The gain a tenuous relationship with the Timerangers, especially when Tatsuya's college acquaintance Naoto becomes Time Fire and later the City Guardian's captain. The captain is required to wear a red beret. According to Ryuya, the City Guardians would later become the . Naoto is portrayed by . Masaru Nagai portrays Ryuya as well as Tatsuya in a dual role. Tac is voiced by . Wataru

"Seijuu Sentai Gingaman"
at a ceremony to become the current Gingamen. The are a group of space pirates who have destroyed many planets along the Milky Way. Their headquarters, the , is mounted on the back of Daitanix. They once tried to invade Earth 3,000 years ago, but the first generation of Gingamen and the Star Beasts sealed them at the bottom of the sea. In the present day, an earthquake breaks the seal and releases the Balban, who plan to awaken Daitanix in our time. Its four great armies plot various strategies in order to achieve it. Seijuu Sentai Gingaman This series

"Seibu Keisatsu"
Seibu Keisatsu The series portrays the Western Police Headquarters Criminal Investigation Division's Sergeant Keisuke Daimon, played by Tetsuya Watari and his subordinates, dubbed the , and their superior, Section Chief Kogure, played by Yujiro Ishihara, as they fight against Tokyo's underworld. With its flashy, over-the-top explosion scenes, and car stunts, this series gained a reputation as a macho drama. It is representative of the police & detective dramas of the 1980s. During the 5-year course of the show, a total of 236 episodes were filmed, with roughly 4,680 vehicles of all types being destroyed during the course of filming, 4.8

"E3 Series Shinkansen"
excursion train named for use on the Joetsu Shinkansen between and , mostly at weekends, entering service from 29 April 2016. The exterior livery was designed by photographer Mika Ninagawa. The first car of the six car set features the art of Nao Matsumoto; a golden yellow motif based on harvests, festivals and light is present in the car. Window shades display art using a special dye as the train passes through tunnels. The second car feature stainless steel mirrors on the walls, the work of Yusuke Komuta. They reflect the landscape outside the train. The third car features a

"Kiba Gaiden"
as the mysterious woman known as Makai Guide Elda who directs Barago towards his goal. Set around the final chapters of the ""Black Fang"" arc of ""Garo"", the 23rd episode in the first series, the movie is divided into three acts: Memory, Knight, and Makai. Awakening after being kidnapped from Saezima Manor, Kaoru finds herself in a room with Barago and a Makai Guide, Elda, as she learns her part in the former's plan to summon the Horrors' source, Messiah. Demanding how Barago could be a pawn of evil, he explained that he freely chose darkness to become stronger. To

1 the bureau of land management manages over acres of land in the united states

"Bureau of Land Management"
12 western states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. The mission of the BLM is ""to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations."" Originally BLM holdings were described as ""land nobody wanted"" because homesteaders had passed them by. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly

"Federal lands"
acres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states. The United States Supreme Court has upheld the broad powers of the federal

Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service. The agency manages the federal government's nearly of subsurface mineral estate located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the Homestead Act of 1862. Most BLM public lands are located in these

manages free-roaming horses and burros on public lands in ten western states. Though they are feral, the agency is obligated to protect them under the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 (WFRHBA). As the horses have few natural predators, populations have grown substantially. WFRHBA as enacted provides for the removal of excess animals; the destruction of lame, old, or sick animals; the private placement or adoption of excess animals; and even the destruction of healthy animals if range management required it. In fact, the destruction of healthy or unhealthy horses has almost never occurred. Pursuant to the

Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million

known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about . In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups. The BLM's roots go back to the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. These laws provided for the survey and settlement of the lands that the original

about 3.9% due to a decline in land held by DOD and BLM. Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total

largest federal landowner is the U.S. Department of Defense, which owns, leases, or possessed 26.1 million worldwide, of which 11.4 million acres are located in the United States. DOD land is mostly military bases and reservations. The largest single DOD-owned tract is the 2.3-million-acre White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. Together, the BLM, FWS, NPS, Forest Service, and DOD manage 97% of federal land. Federal agencies that control smaller amounts of land include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Reclamation, the United States Postal Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Department of

"Public land"
entities including cities, counties, states, and the federal government all manage land which are referred to as either public lands or the public domain. The majority of public lands in the United States are held in trust for the American people by the federal government and managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the United States National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, or the Fish and Wildlife Service under the Department of the Interior, or by the United States Forest Service under the Department of Agriculture. Other federal agencies that manage public lands include the National Oceanic and

"National Conservation Lands"
National Conservation Lands National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Over the years,

"San Joaquin County, California"
San Joaquin County, California San Joaquin County () is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 685,306. The county seat is Stockton. San Joaquin County comprises the Stockton–Lodi–Tracy metropolitan statistical area within the regional San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area. The county is located in Northern California's Central Valley just east of the very highly populated nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region and is separated from the Bay Area by the Diablo Range of low mountains with its Altamont Pass. One of the smaller counties in area in California, it has

"San Joaquin River"
watershed had a human population of roughly 4,039,000, about 1.9 million of whom live within the section of the watershed not including the Tulare Basin. The largest cities are Bakersfield, near the south end of the valley on the Kern River; Fresno, roughly in the geographic center; Modesto, on the Tuolumne River; and Stockton, on the southeast fringe of the Delta region. Other major cities include Visalia, Tulare, Hanford, Porterville, Madera, Merced, Turlock, Manteca and Lodi. Population growth is among the highest in the state of California and more than twice the U.S. average. In Madera County, near the geographic

"San Joaquin Valley"
Joaquin Valley is located in Hanford and includes a Doppler weather radar. Weather forecasts and climatological information for the San Joaquin Valley are available from its official website. The total population of the eight counties comprising the San Joaquin Valley at the time of the 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau reported a population of 4,080,509. The racial composition of San Joaquin Valley was 2,775,074 (68.0%) White, 193,694 (4.7%) Black or African American, 40,911 (1.0%) American Indian and Alaska Native, 310,557 (7.6%) Asian, 13,000 (0.32%) Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 2,048,280 (50.2%) Hispanic

a tire fire ignited at S.F. Royster's Tire Disposal just south of Tracy on South MacArthur Drive, near Linne Rd. The tire dump held over 7 million illegally stored tires and was allowed to burn for more than two years before it was extinguished. Allowing the fire to burn was considered to be a better way to avoid groundwater contamination than putting it out. The cleanup cost $16.2 million and wound up contaminating local groundwater anyway. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.5%) is water. The county

"San Joaquin, California"
San Joaquin, California San Joaquin (Spanish for ""Saint Joachim"") is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 4,001 at the 2010 census, up from 3,270 at the 2000 census. The nearest high school in the area is Tranquillity High School in Tranquillity. San Joaquin is located southwest of Kerman, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m). San Joaquin was named for the San Joaquin River in 1806. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city incorporates a total area of , all of it land. The first post office opened in San Joaquin in

of 135 per square mile (52/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 58.1% White, 6.7% Black or African American, 1.1% Native American, 11.4% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 16.3% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. 30.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 9.3% were of German, 5.3% Irish and 5.0% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 66.4% spoke English, 21.3% Spanish, 2.2% Tagalog, 1.8% Mon-Khmer or Cambodian, 1.1% Vietnamese and 1.1% Hmong as their first language. There were 181,629 households out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living

has a very low inland elevation and a very flat drainage basin for the San Joaquin River and its numerous tributaries. With the resulting exceptionally high water table, the county is a marshy and swampy delta with a tendency to flood in the Spring melting snow runoff from the Sierra Mountains. The center of San Joaquin County is near Stockton at about 37°54'N 121°12'W (37.9,-121.2). The 2010 United States Census reported that San Joaquin County had a population of 685,306. The racial makeup of San Joaquin County was 349,287 (51.0%) White, 51,744 (7.6%) African American, 7,196 (1.1%) Native American, 98,472

has designated San Joaquin County as the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 76th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area, the 5th most populous combined statistical area and primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The Government of San Joaquin County is defined and authorized

are found in majorities in specific cities, and hardly anywhere else in the region. For example, Assyrians are concentrated in Turlock, Dutch in Ripon, Sikhs in Stockton and Livingston, and Croats in Delano. Kingsburg is famous for its distinctly Swedish air, having been founded by immigrants from that country. Ethnic groups found in a broader area are Portuguese, Armenians, Basques, and the ""Okies"" who migrated to California from the Midwest and South. Since the early 1970s East Indians of predominantly Punjabi, Gujrati and Southern India have settled in the valley communities. Most recently large numbers of Pakistanis have settled in

facilities in the valley are at Avenal, Chowchilla, Tracy, Delano, Coalinga, and Wasco. The only significant military base in the region is Naval Air Station Lemoore, a vast air base located WSW of Hanford. Unlike many of California's other military installations, NAS Lemoore's operational importance has increased in the 1990s and 2000s. The other, Castle Air Force Base, located near Atwater was closed during the Base Realignment and Closure of the 1990s. Although both are in Kern County, Edwards Air Force Base and China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station are located in the High Desert area of that county. The

"2018 Major League Baseball season"
regular season games were broadcast exclusively in the United States on Facebook Watch, beginning with the April 4 game between the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. 2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in

different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team will play will consist of two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games). Under the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled

2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of

drawing crowds who travel to the warmer climates to enjoy the weather and watch their favorite teams play, and spring training usually coincides with spring break for many college students. Autograph seekers also find greater access to players during spring training. Spring training typically lasts almost two months, starting in mid February and running until just before the season opening day, traditionally the first week of April. As pitchers benefit from a longer training period, pitchers and catchers begin spring training several days before the rest of the team. The current MLB regular season, consisting of 162 games per team,

"2017 NCAA Division I baseball season"
2017 NCAA Division I baseball season The 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 2017. The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament and 2017 College World Series. The College World Series, consisted of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held annually in Omaha, Nebraska at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, ended June 27, 2017. The 2017 season was also

Wild Card, Fox Sports 1 and MLB Network televised the American League Division Series, and Fox and Fox Sports 1 televised the American League Championship Series. The World Series aired exclusively on Fox for the 18th consecutive year. CBS Radio's WIP-FM renewed its contract with for Philadelphia Phillies play-by-play for the 2017 season. ESPN Radio aired its 20th season of national coverage, including ""Sunday Night Baseball"", Saturday games, Opening Day and holiday games, the All-Star Game, and Home Run Derby, and the entire Major League Baseball postseason. 2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on

to play Opening Day, March 29 – the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday night game before the All-Star Game was replaced by a single, nationally-televised game on the Thursday after the All-Star Game (which for 2018, was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs), before all other teams returned from break the next day. The Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two-game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on April 17 and 18, while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego

four teams in the opposing division. This was done in 2015 and 2018, and will next occur in 2021. Under the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, several changes were done to the scheduling pattern for the 2018 season. The overall length of the season has been extended to 187 days with the addition of four off-days for all teams. All teams will play on Opening Day, which for 2018 will be held on March 29. ""Sunday Night Baseball"" will no longer be played on the final Sunday before the All-Star Game, in order to ease travel time

who has won the 2018 formula one australia grand prix tournament

"2018 Australian Grand Prix"
chicane with the activation point on the exit to Turn 12. The existing DRS zones were unchanged from previous years, with one positioned on the main straight and the second on the straight between Turns 2 and 3. In his first run in the third part of qualifying Valtteri Bottas crashed and damaged his gearbox. As a result he received a five place grid penalty and started fifteenth. Lewis Hamilton qualified on pole, Kimi Räikkönen qualified second, Sebastian Vettel qualified third. Ricciardo qualified fifth but started eighth. Verstappen, Magnussen, Grosjean started fourth, fifth and sixth. Hülkenberg started seventh, while Sainz

"2018 Formula One World Championship"
to the high level of blistering experienced by Mercedes at the re-surfaced Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in pre-season testing. The championship started in Melbourne with the Australian Grand Prix. The race ended with a victory for Ferrari and Sebastian Vettel, who used a timely virtual safety car period – triggered by the stricken Haas of Romain Grosjean – to pass Mercedes's Lewis Hamilton, after which Vettel successfully defended his position until the finish. Kimi Räikkönen finished third in the other Ferrari ahead of Red Bull Racing's Daniel Ricciardo. McLaren ended the first race of their partnership with Renault with a fifth

Alonso resisted the pressure from Verstappen while holding on to fifth place. Vettel took the chequered flag to win the Australian Grand Prix for the second consecutive year, followed by Hamilton and Räikkönen rounding the podium. Ricciardo, Alonso, Verstappen, Hülkenberg, Bottas, Vandoorne and Sainz in that order completed the top ten, with Renault scoring their first double-points-finish since the 2011 Turkish Grand Prix. Ricciardo's 4th placed finish marked his joint best finish at Albert Park, but also the joint best finish for an Australian at the Australian Grand Prix, equalling his 2016 result, and Mark Webber's 4th place in 2012.

Vettel was the defending race winner. Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole—his seventh pole position in Australia, a record for the event—while Vettel successfully defended his race win, the forty-eighth of his career. The race marked the competitive début of the ""halo"" cockpit protection device after eighteen months of rigorous testing. Tyre supplier Pirelli provided teams with the soft, supersoft and ultrasoft compounds. In the week before the Grand Prix, race officials confirmed the inclusion of a third drag reduction system (DRS) zone. The detection point for the third zone was positioned on the approach to the Turn 11-12

2018 Formula One World Championship The 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship was the motor racing championship for Formula One cars and the 69th running of the Formula One World Championship. Formula One is recognised by the governing body of international motorsport, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. Drivers and teams competed in twenty-one Grands Prix for the World Drivers' and World Constructors' championship titles. Lewis Hamilton won the World Drivers' Championship title, while his team, Mercedes, secured the World Constructors' Championship title. Hamilton clinched his fifth title at the

in the Drivers' Championship. Racing Point Force India qualified 3rd and 4th on the grid during qualifying, and finished 5th and 6th in the race. In Italy, on Ferrari's home turf, Räikkönen took the fastest ever pole position in F1 history, ahead of teammate Vettel. There was a first lap incident between Hamilton and Vettel which left the latter struggling as he could only manage 4th. During a nail-biting race, Hamilton overtook Räikkönen on lap 45, thus winning his sixth race of the season, with Räikkönen finishing second and Bottas finishing third after a collision with Verstappen. Sergey Sirotkin scored

2018 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team securing its fifth consecutive title at the following race. Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel finished runner-up, 88 points behind Hamilton, with his teammate Kimi Räikkönen finishing third. In the Constructors' Championship, Mercedes finished 84 points ahead of Ferrari, with Red Bull Racing third. The following teams and drivers participated in the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship. All teams competed with tyres supplied by Pirelli. For the first time in Formula One history, all regular drivers competed in all races. No replacement drivers competed during any race weekend, with the exception of free practice

and ninth place for Alonso and Vandoorne respectively. Max Verstappen finished sixth after an early spin ahead of Nico Hülkenberg. Valtteri Bottas was eighth, having started fifteenth when he took a penalty for a gearbox change after a heavy crash in qualifying. Carlos Sainz Jr. completed the points-scoring positions in tenth. Charles Leclerc and Sergey Sirotkin both made their competitive débuts for Sauber and Williams respectively. Leclerc finished thirteenth while Sirotkin retired with a brake failure. Vettel then won from pole at the next round in Bahrain, holding off a late charge from Bottas to win by seven-tenths of a

his first and only point in the season by finishing 10th after the disqualification of Romain Grosjean – thus ensuring that every driver who entered the championship managed to score points, which happened for the first time in the series' history. In Singapore, a track where Mercedes traditionally struggled, Hamilton took pole position with the fastest lap which he described as ""magical"" and as one of the best laps he's ever done. Hamilton would go on to win the race with title rival Vettel finishing third behind Verstappen. The race also saw both Kevin Magnussen and Haas get their first

10 standings.. The fastest lap of the race however, was affected. Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo had set two fastest laps on laps 69 and 70, but because the chequered flag mistakenly waved early and the results were taken from lap 68, the fastest lap went to Max Verstappen, who had set it back on lap 65. Hamilton took pole position and victory (his third of the season) in the returning French Grand Prix, taking the world championship lead back with 14 points, with Vettel finishing only 5th after a first corner crash with Bottas. Verstappen finished second, taking advantage of

"15 minutes of fame"
15 minutes of fame 15 minutes of fame is short-lived media publicity or celebrity of an individual or phenomenon. The expression was inspired by Andy Warhol's words ""In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes"", which appeared in the program for a 1968 exhibition of his work at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden. Photographer Nat Finkelstein claims credit for the expression, stating that he was photographing Warhol in 1966 for a proposed book. A crowd gathered trying to get into the pictures and Warhol supposedly remarked that everyone wants to be famous, to which Finkelstein replied, ""Yeah,

for about fifteen minutes, Andy."" The phenomenon is often used in reference to figures in the entertainment industry or other areas of popular culture, such as reality television and YouTube. An older version of the same concept in English is the expression ""nine days' wonder"", which dates at least as far back as the Elizabethan era. German art historian Benjamin H. D. Buchloh suggests that the core tenet of Warhol's aesthetic, being ""the systematic invalidation of the hierarchies of representational functions and techniques"" of art, corresponds directly to the belief that the ""hierarchy of subjects worthy to be represented will

The age of reality television has seen the comment wryly updated as: ""In the future, everyone will be obscure for 15 minutes."" The British artist Banksy has made a sculpture of a TV that has, written on its screen, ""In the future, everyone will be anonymous for 15 minutes,"" which was later used in the lyrics of Robbie Williams' song ""The Actor"" from his 2006 album ""Rudebox"". A more recent adaptation of Warhol's quip, possibly prompted by the rise of online social networking, blogging, and internet celebrity, is the claim that ""In the future, everyone will be famous to fifteen

someday be abolished;"" hence, anybody, and therefore ""everybody,"" can be famous once that hierarchy dissipates, ""in the future,"" and by logical extension of that, ""in the future, everybody will be famous,"" and not merely those individuals worthy of fame. On the other hand, wide proliferation of the adapted idiom ""my fifteen minutes"" and its entrance into common parlance have led to a slightly different application, having to do with both the ephemerality of fame in the information age and, more recently, the democratization of media outlets brought about by the advent of the internet. In this formulation, Warhol's quote has

fame was almost over. In 2018, the band Shinedown came out with the song ""special"" which mentions not waiting on 15 minutes of fame. It is on their album Attention Attention. 15 minutes of fame 15 minutes of fame is short-lived media publicity or celebrity of an individual or phenomenon. The expression was inspired by Andy Warhol's words ""In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes"", which appeared in the program for a 1968 exhibition of his work at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden. Photographer Nat Finkelstein claims credit for the expression, stating that he was photographing

"Marshall McLuhan"
going, 'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'"" During his lifetime and afterward, McLuhan heavily influenced cultural critics, thinkers, and media theorists such as Neil Postman, Jean Baudrillard, Timothy Leary, Terence McKenna, William Irwin Thompson, Paul Levinson, Douglas Rushkoff, Jaron Lanier, Hugh Kenner, and John David Ebert, as well as political leaders such as Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Jerry Brown. Andy Warhol was paraphrasing McLuhan with his now famous ""15 minutes of fame"" quote. When asked in the 1970s for a way to sedate violences in Angola, he suggested a massive spread of TV devices. The character ""Brian O'Blivion"" in

"Internet celebrity"
postings. The concept of web celebrity ties into Andy Warhol's quip about 15 minutes of fame. A more recent adaptation of Warhol's quip, possibly prompted by the rise of online social networking, blogging, and similar online phenomena, is the claim that ""In the future, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"" or, in some renditions, ""On the Web, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"". This quote, though attributed to David Weinberger, was said to have originated with the Scottish artist Momus. Social media personalities often function as lifestyle gurus who present a particular lifestyle or attitude to their spectators.

the paparazzi have accelerated this trend, turning what may have before been isolated coverage into continuing media coverage even after the initial reason for media interest has passed. On their 1987 album Yoyo Bourgeois Tagg have a song called 15 Minutes In The Sun that is a direct reference to the Warhol statement. In the song ""I Can't Read"", released by David Bowie's Tin Machine in their 1989 debut album and re-released by Bowie in 1997 for the soundtrack of the movie ""The Ice Storm"", the phrase is used in direct reference to Andy Warhol: ""Andy, where's my 15 minutes?""

people"" or, in some renditions, ""On the Web, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"". This quote, though attributed to David Weinberger, was said to have originated with the Scottish artist Momus. The Marilyn Manson song ""I Don't Like the Drugs (But the Drugs Like Me)"", released on his 1998 album ""Mechanical Animals"", alludes to the term in the line ""We're rehabbed and we're ready for our fifteen minutes of shame"", as part of the song's theme of unrepentant escapism through drugs. In 1993, the British techno/industrial music group Sheep on Drugs released a single ""15 Minutes of Fame"" which

Allusion
artist most famous for his pop-art images of Campbell soup cans and of Marilyn Monroe, commented on the explosion of media coverage by saying, ""In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes."" Today, when someone receives a great deal of media attention for something fairly trivial, and he or she is said to be experiencing his or her ""15 minutes of fame"", that is an allusion to Andy Warhol's famous remark. According to the Book of Genesis, God destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, but Lot, the nephew of Abraham, was given time to escape with his

"Adventure Time (season 9)"
the entire season was released on September 4, 2018. The series follows the adventures of Finn the Human (a boy) and his best friend, Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape, grow, and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other major characters: Princess Bubblegum, the Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess. Common storylines revolve around Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, dealing with the antagonistic-but-misunderstood Ice King, and battling monsters to help others. Multi-episode story arcs for this season

November 19, 2011, KaBOOM! Studios announced plans for an ""Adventure Time"" comic book series written by independent web comic creator Ryan North, who wrote the series ""Dinosaur Comics"". The series launched on February 8, 2012, with art by Shelli Paroline and Braden Lamb. In October 2014, it was revealed that North had left the comic series after three years. His duties were assumed by Christopher Hastings, the creator of ""The Adventures of Dr. McNinja"". This comic book line ended in April 2018 with its seventy-fifth issue, which North returned to co-write. After the success of the original comic book line,

his ASKfm account: ""No one from the show is involved in them so ... [c]alling it Season 11 feels like a stretch."" He also confirmed that the comics would not be canon to the main show. On October 15, 2018, it was announced that a limited-run series entitled ""Marcy and Simon"" would be released starting in January 2019. Written by actress Olivia Olson and illustrated by Slimm Fabert, the series will ""take place after the show's series finale as Marceline aims to help Simon in his quest to atone for his previous time as the Ice King."" Other ""Adventure Time""-themed

It is the first in the series to feature full 3D graphics. Another game, """", was released for the PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Windows, and Xbox One in July 2018. The game was published by Outright Games, developed by Climax Studios, and features the show's original cast. Various other minor video games have also been released. Several, including ""Legends of Ooo"", ""Fionna Fights"", ""Beemo Adventure Time"", and ""Ski Safari: Adventure Time"", have been released on the iOS App Store. A game titled ""Finn & Jake's Quest"" was released on April 11, 2014, on Steam. Cartoon Network also released a multiplayer

Dynamin
pinching off the vesicle from the parent membrane. Constriction may be in part the result of the twisting activity of dynamin, which makes dynamin the only molecular motor known to have a twisting activity. In mammals, three different dynamin genes have been identified with key sequence differences in their Pleckstrin homology domains leading to differences in the recognition of lipid membranes: Mutations in Dynamin II have been found to cause dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Epileptic encephalopathy–causing de novo mutations in dynamin have been suggested to cause dysfunction of vesicle scission during synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Dynamin Dynamin is a GTPase responsible

Dynamin
Rich Domain that binds to the Src Homology domains of many proteins. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates to form a budding vesicle. Dynamin binds to and assembles around the neck of the endocytic vesicle, forming a helical polymer arranged such that the GTPase domains dimerize in an asymmetric manner across helical rungs. The polymer constricts the underlying membrane upon GTP binding and hydrolysis via conformational changes emanating from the flexible neck region that alters the overall helical symmetry. Constriction around the vesicle neck leads to the formation of a hemi-fusion membrane state that ultimately results in membrane fission,

Dynamin
Dynamin Dynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the ""dynamin superfamily"", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA, mitofusins, and GBPs. Members of the dynamin family are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus. Dynamin family members also play a role in many processes including division of organelles, cytokinesis and microbial pathogen resistance. Dynamin itself is a

Dynamin
96 kDa enzyme, and was first isolated when researchers were attempting to isolate new microtubule-based motors from the bovine brain. Dynamin has been extensively studied in the context of clathrin-coated vesicle budding from the cell membrane. Beginning from the N-terminus, Dynamin consists of a GTPase domain connected to a helical stalk domain via a flexible neck region containing a Bundle Signalling Element and GTPase Effector Domain. At the opposite end of the stalk domain is a loop that links to a membrane-binding Pleckstrin homology domain. The protein strand then loops back towards the GTPase domain and terminates with a Proline

Dynein
Dynein Dynein is a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work. Dynein transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. All of these functions rely on dynein's ability to move towards the minus-end of the microtubules, known as retrograde transport, thus, they are called ""minus-end directed motors"". In contrast, kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus end. Dyneins can be divided into two groups: cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins, which are also

Dynactin
Dynactin Dynactin is a 23 subunit protein complex that acts as a co-factor for the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1. It is built around a short filament of actin related protein-1 (Arp1). Dynactin was identified as an activity that allowed purified cytoplasmic dynein to move membrane vesicles along microtubules in vitro. It was shown to be a multiprotein complex and named ""dynactin"" because of its role in dynein activation. The main features of dynactin were visualized by quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary shadow electron microscopy. It appears as a short filament, 37-nm in length, which resembles F-actin, plus a thinner, laterally oriented arm.

Dynein
organelles in the cell. It also helps transport cargo needed for cell function such as vesicles made by the endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, and lysosomes (Karp, 2005). Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axoplasmic transport. Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome. Budding yeast have been a powerful model organism to study

Dynein
by linking to cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin can function as a scaffold for other proteins to bind to. It also functions as a recruiting factor that localizes dynein to where it should be. There is also some evidence suggesting that it may regulate kinesin-2. The dynactin complex is composed of more than 20 subunits, of which p150(Glued) is the largest. There is no definitive evidence that dynactin by itself affects the velocity of the motor. It does, however, affect the processivity of the motor. The binding regulation is likely allosteric: experiments have shown that the enhancements provided in the processivity of

"Vesicle (biology and chemistry)"
shared by James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas Südhof for their roles in elucidating (building upon earlier research, some of it by their mentors) the makeup and function of cell vesicles, especially in yeasts and in humans, including information on each vesicle's parts and how they are assembled. Vesicle dysfunction is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, some hard-to-treat cases of epilepsy, some cancers and immunological disorders and certain neurovascular conditions. Vacuoles are vesicles which contain mostly water. Secretory vesicles contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell. Cells have many reasons to excrete materials. One reason

Dynein
During the ""power stroke"", which causes movement, the AAA ATPase motor domain undergoes a conformational change that causes the microtubule-binding stalk to pivot relative to the cargo-binding tail with the result that one microtubule slides relative to the other (Karp, 2005). This sliding produces the bending movement needed for cilia to beat and propel the cell or other particles. Groups of dynein molecules responsible for movement in opposite directions are probably activated and inactivated in a coordinated fashion so that the cilia or flagella can move back and forth. The radial spoke has been proposed as the (or one of

Stationing a standing army in Great Britain during peacetime was politically unacceptable, so the decision was made to station them in America and have the Americans pay them. The soldiers had no military mission; they were not there to defend the colonies because there was no threat to the colonies. The Sons of Liberty were formed in 1765. They used public demonstrations, boycott, violence, and threats of violence to ensure that the British tax laws were unenforceable. In Boston, the Sons of Liberty burned the records of the vice admiralty court and looted the home of chief justice Thomas Hutchinson.

to call the Philadelphia Convention in 1787. It adopted a new Constitution that provided for a much stronger federal government, including an effective executive in a check-and-balance system with the judiciary and legislature. The Constitution was ratified in 1788, after a fierce debate in the states over the nature of the proposed new government. The new government under President George Washington took office in New York in March 1789. Amendments to the Constitution were spearheaded in Congress by James Madison as assurances to those who were cautious about federal power, guaranteeing many of the inalienable rights that formed a foundation

had been compensated for the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party. The fourth Act was the Quartering Act of 1774, which allowed royal governors to house British troops in the homes of citizens without requiring permission of the owner. In response, Massachusetts patriots issued the Suffolk Resolves and formed an alternative shadow government known as the ""Provincial Congress"" which began training militia outside British-occupied Boston. In September 1774, the First Continental Congress convened, consisting of representatives from each of the colonies, to serve as a vehicle for deliberation and collective action. During secret debates, conservative Joseph Galloway proposed the

the Townshend goods were widely used. In February 1768, the Assembly of Massachusetts Bay issued a circular letter to the other colonies urging them to coordinate resistance. The governor dissolved the assembly when it refused to rescind the letter. Meanwhile, a riot broke out in Boston in June 1768 over the seizure of the sloop ""Liberty"", owned by John Hancock, for alleged smuggling. Customs officials were forced to flee, prompting the British to deploy troops to Boston. A Boston town meeting declared that no obedience was due to parliamentary laws and called for the convening of a convention. A convention

land in six states. American Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of ""no taxation without representation"", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston

Congress. American settlers moved rapidly into those areas, with Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee becoming states in the 1790s. However, the national government had no money to pay either the war debts owed to European nations and the private banks, or to pay Americans who had been given millions of dollars of promissory notes for supplies during the war. Nationalists led by Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and other veterans feared that the new nation was too fragile to withstand an international war, or even internal revolts such as the Shays' Rebellion of 1786 in Massachusetts. Calling themselves ""Federalists,"" the nationalists convinced Congress

that they were states now, not colonies. On January 5, 1776, New Hampshire ratified the first state constitution. In May 1776, Congress voted to suppress all forms of crown authority, to be replaced by locally created authority. Virginia, South Carolina, and New Jersey created their constitutions before July 4. Rhode Island and Connecticut simply took their existing royal charters and deleted all references to the crown. The new states were all committed to republicanism, with no inherited offices. They decided what form of government to create, and also how to select those who would craft the constitutions and how the

American Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of ""no taxation without representation"", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and

a bicameral Congress that represented states in the Senate and the population in the House of Representatives. The Revolution also resulted in the migration of around 60,000 Loyalists to other British territories, especially British North America (Canada). As early as 1651, the English government had sought to regulate trade in the American colonies. On October 9, the Navigation Acts were passed pursuant to a mercantilist policy intended to ensure that trade enriched only Great Britain, and barring trade with foreign nations. Some argue that the economic impact was minimal on the colonists, but the political friction which the acts triggered

determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal. The Continental Army forced the redcoats out of Boston in March 1776, but that summer the British captured and held New York City and its strategic harbor for the duration of the war. The Royal Navy blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods, but they failed

"Tom Hughes (As the World Turns)"
Tom Hughes (As the World Turns) Thomas Christopher ""Tom"" Hughes is a fictional character on the American soap opera ""As the World Turns"". He was played by a number of actors during the character's 49-year tenure on the show, the longest-running actor being Scott Holmes, who took over the role July 3, 1987, and remained until ATWT's cancellation in 2010. He is an attorney in Oakdale. The character of Tom Hughes has been played by many young actors before being aged in 1969. Tom Hughes was born onscreen in May 1961 to Bob and Lisa Hughes. His parents divorced when

order to start a family). Tom and Margo are last seen in their new condo, looking back at their lives and looking forward to the future. Tom Hughes (As the World Turns) Thomas Christopher ""Tom"" Hughes is a fictional character on the American soap opera ""As the World Turns"". He was played by a number of actors during the character's 49-year tenure on the show, the longest-running actor being Scott Holmes, who took over the role July 3, 1987, and remained until ATWT's cancellation in 2010. He is an attorney in Oakdale. The character of Tom Hughes has been played

"Daniel Manche"
Daniel Manche Daniel Manche (born 1993) is an American actor, singer and music producer from Alabama who moved to New York City, and currently lives in North Jersey. He portrayed the role of J.J. Snyder on the CBS soap opera ""As the World Turns"" before taking on the role of Tom on ""One Life to Live"". Manche was discovered by his manager, who eventually brought him to New York City to audition for the Broadway show ""Nine."" He appeared in roles on ""Guiding Light, , ,"" and ""The Black Donnellys."" His film credits include ""Headspace"" and ""Jack Ketchum's The Girl

"Hal Munson"
Hal Munson Hal Munson (born Harold Todd Munson, Jr. is a fictional character that appeared on the American soap opera ""As the World Turns"". He was played by Benjamin Hendrickson from 1985 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006. He was described as a ""tough-but-gentle"" police chief by ""People"" magazine. Hendrickson was asked to play the role of Hal Munson by then head writer, Susan Bedsow Horgan. His tenure with the show ran until 2004, when he quit the show over a contract dispute. He returned to the show in 2005 with his character now being thrust into storylines which involved

"Don Hastings"
Don Hastings Donald Francis Michael Hastings (born April 1, 1934), is a longtime American actor, singer, and writer best known for his 50-year role as Dr. Robert ""Bob"" Hughes on the CBS soap opera ""As the World Turns"". Hastings was the third actor to portray Hughes and is the longest serving cast member of an American television soap opera, after the death of matriarch Helen Wagner of the same series. Hastings has been active in show business since 1940 and on television itself since 1947, primarily on soap operas. A rare exception was his appearance as Dave Carter in the

Leslie Denniston, with whom he has a daughter, Kate. Hastings has two daughters and one son from a previous marriage. His son Matthew has been active in show business since 1999 as a writer, director, and producer. Hastings was the younger brother of actor Bob Hastings, who died in June 2014. Don Hastings Donald Francis Michael Hastings (born April 1, 1934), is a longtime American actor, singer, and writer best known for his 50-year role as Dr. Robert ""Bob"" Hughes on the CBS soap opera ""As the World Turns"". Hastings was the third actor to portray Hughes and is the

"John Colenback"
John Colenback John Colenback (October 8, 1935 – May 12, 2015) was an American actor. He was best known for portraying Dan Stewart on ""As the World Turns"". Colenback was born October 5, 1935, in Toledo, Ohio, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Colenback. His father, an executive vice president with Toledo Scale Company, died when he was 12. John Colenback attended Ottaway Hills Elementary School and was in 17 theatrical productions as a student at Ottawa Hills High School and was named best actor at Dartmouth College during his senior year there. Summer stock theatre led the way

"John Hodgkinson (actor, born 1966)"
John Hodgkinson (actor, born 1966) John Hodgkinson (born 21 June 1966) is an English actor. He is known predominantly for his stage work with the Royal Shakespeare Company and for his performance as Tom Kettle in ""The Ferryman"", for which he has been nominated as Best Actor in a Supporting Role in the 2018 Laurence Olivier Awards. In 2011, he was named ""The Journal's"" Performing Artist of the Year for the part of Chris Mullin in Michael Chaplin's ""A Walk on Part"" with the Live Theatre Company. Hodgkinson was born in Surbiton, Greater London. He attended the Webber Douglas Academy

"Benjamin Hendrickson"
Benjamin Hendrickson Benjamin Hendrickson (August 26, 1950 – July 3, 2006) was an American actor known for playing Harold ""Hal"" Munson, Jr., the Chief of Detectives for the mythical town of Oakdale on the daytime soap opera ""As the World Turns."" Hendrickson was born in Huntington, New York. He studied at the prestigious Juilliard School as part of the institution's first drama division class and was a founding member of John Houseman's The Acting Company. Prior to his television appearances, Hendrickson acted in theatre. From 1973 to 1984, he appeared in a host of productions that included ""The Elephant Man""

"2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship"
2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The Super Six finals were held on April 15. Oklahoma scored an NCAA championship record 198.3875 to win their second consecutive national title. The Sooners had the highest team scores on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise. They were led by Maggie Nichols, who had the highest score of the day on vault and tied for the highest scores on balance beam, with a 10, and floor exercise. 1. Oklahoma - 198.3875 2. LSU - 197.7375

"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship"
conference tournaments while the remaining 13 teams qualified at-large based on their regular season records. 1. Maryland (19-0)<br> 2. North Carolina (16-2)<br> 3. Florida (17-2)<br> 4. Penn State (15-3)<br> 5. Princeton (14-3)<br> 6. Syracuse (15-6)<br> 7. Penn (13-3)<br> 8. Stony Brook (18-1) 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship is the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The semifinal and championship rounds will be played at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts from May 26–28, 2017. All other rounds were played at campus

"Rutherford model"
Rutherford model The Rutherford model is a model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford directed the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. Rutherford's new model for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom and with this central volume also containing the bulk of the atomic mass of the atom. This region would be known as the ""nucleus"" of

"Bohr model"
called a prequantization. Bohr model In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model or Bohr diagram, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by revolving electrons —similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the ""Rutherford–Bohr model"" or just ""Bohr model"" for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it.

Bohr model In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model or Bohr diagram, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by revolving electrons —similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the ""Rutherford–Bohr model"" or just ""Bohr model"" for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it. The model's key

the atom. Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. If Thomson was correct, the beam would go straight through the gold foil. Most of the beams went through the foil, but a few were reflected. Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. In it, the atom is made up

Atom
model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. Until these experiments, atomic number was not known to be a physical and experimental quantity. That it is equal to the atomic nuclear charge remains the accepted atomic model today. Chemical bonds between atoms were now explained, by Gilbert Newton Lewis in 1916, as the interactions between their constituent electrons. As the chemical properties of the elements were known to largely repeat themselves according to the periodic law, in 1919 the American chemist

Neutron
Models for atomic nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Werner Heisenberg and others. The proton–neutron model explained the puzzle of nuclear spins. The origins of beta radiation were explained by Enrico Fermi in 1934 by the process of beta decay, in which the neutron decays to a proton by ""creating"" an electron and a (as yet undiscovered) neutrino. In 1935 Chadwick and his doctoral student Maurice Goldhaber, reported the first accurate measurement of the mass of the neutron. By 1934, Fermi had bombarded heavier elements with neutrons to induce radioactivity in elements of high atomic number.

of a central charge (this is the modern atomic nucleus, though Rutherford did not use the term ""nucleus"" in his paper) surrounded by a cloud of (presumably) orbiting electrons. In this May 1911 paper, Rutherford only committed himself to a small central region of very high positive or negative charge in the atom. For concreteness, consider the passage of a high speed α particle through an atom having a positive central charge ""N"" ""e"", and surrounded by a compensating charge of ""N"" electrons. From purely energetic considerations of how far particles of known speed would be able to penetrate toward

"Atomic nucleus"
forces which bind it together, is called nuclear physics. The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's ""plum pudding model"" of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that

"Nuclear structure"
Nuclear structure Understanding the structure of the atomic nucleus is one of the central challenges in nuclear physics. The liquid drop model is one of the first models of nuclear structure, proposed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935. It describes the nucleus as a semiclassical fluid made up of neutrons and protons, with an internal repulsive electrostatic force proportional to the number of protons. The quantum mechanical nature of these particles appears via the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two nucleons of the same kind can be at the same state. Thus the fluid is actually what

"Nuclear shell model"
""cloud"" of alpha particles. Nuclear shell model In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model is a model of the atomic nucleus which uses the Pauli exclusion principle to describe the structure of the nucleus in terms of energy levels. The first shell model was proposed by Dmitry Ivanenko (together with E. Gapon) in 1932. The model was developed in 1949 following independent work by several physicists, most notably Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions. The shell model is partly analogous to

"The Little Couple"
child. Arnold is a neonatologist who works at the Texas Children's Hospital, and Klein is a medical supplies and telemarketing businessman. They were originally introduced in a one-hour TLC special, ""Little People: Just Married"". Season 1 of the show premiered on May 26, 2009. Season 2 premiered on October 27, 2009. On February 22, 2010, TLC renewed ""The Little Couple"" for a third season consisting of 20 episodes. The mid-season finale aired after 9 episodes on July 27, 2010, and season 3 returned on October 12, 2010. It was announced on Facebook that the show would be returning for its

On October 15, 2013, they adopted a daughter, Zoey, also a little person, from Delhi, India. The series went into an hiatus on June 4, 2013, and returned on August 13, 2013. In December 2013, Arnold revealed that she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer, stage 4 choriocarcinoma, due to a non-viable pregnancy she had suffered in September 2013. She allowed the cameras to document her struggle. Season 6 premiered on March 4, 2014. It features Zoey's adoption, Arnold's cancer treatment, Will's fourth birthday, baptisms, the holiday season, and Arnold's 40th birthday. The new season of The Little

Couple premiered on September 19, 2017. The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2"") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their

"Little People, Big World"
TLC announced a spin-off series – """". It chronicles Matt and Amy as they jump-start their wedding business on the farm. The series premiered on November 13, 2012, and ran for six episodes. It was announced in October 2013 that ""Little People, Big World"" would return for a seventh season. Season seven consists of eight episodes, and premiered on October 29, 2013. An eighth season began on September 2, 2014, and a ninth season began on July 6, 2015. The show was renewed for a tenth season which premiered in fall 2016. As of 2018, the show has aired for

4th season on May 31, 2011. Again, the season was split, with the second half of season 4 premiering on September 27, 2011. In February 2012, Klein opened ""Rocky&Maggie"" in Rice Village Houston. named after their pets Chihuahua Rocky and rescue mutt terrier Maggie. Arnold's mother Judy manages the store. Season 5 began on March 20, 2012, and follows Klein and Arnold as they move into their custom-built dream home and launch a brand-new business. In March 2013, they adopted their son, Will, from Hohhot, China. The adoption of their son, who also has dwarfism, is featured in Season 5.

"The Goldbergs (season 5)"
of three children, Erica (Hayley Orrantia), Barry (Troy Gentile), and Adam (Sean Giambrone). AJ Michalka was demoted to recurring for this season, while Sam Lerner was promoted to a regular cast member. ABC renewed ""The Goldbergs"" for its fifth and sixth seasons in May 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Goldbergs (season 5) The fifth season of the American television comedy series ""The Goldbergs"" premiered on ABC on September 27, 2017 and concluded on May 16, 2018. The season is produced by Adam F. Goldberg Productions, Happy Madison Productions, Doug Robinson Productions, and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Adam F.

The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2"") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their home and attempts to have a

"Modern Family (season 5)"
in total, including its fifth consecutive nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series. The ceremony for the Primetime Awards aired on August 25, 2013 on NBC while the Primetime Creative Arts Awards took place on August 16, 2013. Modern Family (season 5) On May 10, 2013, ""Modern Family"" was renewed for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 23, 2013, and ended on May 21, 2014, with a total of 24 episodes. The first episode, ""Suddenly Last Summer"", which premiered on September 25, 2013, on ABC, made reference to the newly legalized same-sex marriage in California. The writers said that a

"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 5)"
into its fifth season. On May 7, 2014, the series was renewed for a fifth season consisting of 26 episodes, with a tentative broadcast slated for April 4, 2015. On June 17, 2014, Business Wire released a press release confirming that it would premiere sometime in the fourth quarter of 2014, but it was later revised by Hasbro. At BronyCon 2014, G.M. Berrow announced that she wrote an episode, which focused on Pinkie Pie. From November 17 to December 22, 2014, the official My Little Pony YouTube channel released six weekly teaser trailers for the upcoming fifth season, each featuring

"Happy Together (2018 TV series)"
moves in."" On January 31, 2018, it was announced that CBS had given the production a pilot order. The episode was written by Tim McAuliffe and Austen Earl who were expected to executive produce alongside Ben Winston, Michael Rotenberg, and Jonathan Berry. Production companies involved with the pilot include Fulwell 73, 3 Arts Entertainment, and CBS Television Studios. On May 9, 2018, CBS officially ordered the pilot to series. A few days later, it was announced that the series, now titled ""Happy Together"", would premiere in the fall of 2018 and air on Mondays at 8:30 P.M. On July 9,

"Gravitational constant"
tensor. The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In SI units its value is approximately The modern notation of Newton's law involving was introduced in the 1890s by C. V. Boys. The first implicit measurement with an accuracy within about 1% is attributed to Henry Cavendish in a 1798 experiment. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the attractive force () between two point-like bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses ( and ), and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, , (inverse-square law) between them: The

Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the ""universal gravitational constant"", the ""Newtonian constant of gravitation"", or the ""Cavendish gravitational constant""), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum

by less than one part in ten billion per year over the last nine billion years according to Mould et al. (2014). Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the ""universal gravitational constant"", the ""Newtonian constant of gravitation"", or the ""Cavendish gravitational constant""), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the

"Gravitational field"
Gravitational field In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body. Thus, a gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, and is measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg). In its original concept, gravity was a force between point masses. Following Isaac Newton, Pierre-Simon Laplace attempted to model gravity as some kind of radiation field or fluid, and since the 19th century explanations for gravity have usually been taught in terms of a field model, rather than a point

attraction. In a field model, rather than two particles attracting each other, the particles distort spacetime via their mass, and this distortion is what is perceived and measured as a ""force"". In such a model one states that matter moves in certain ways in response to the curvature of spacetime, and that there is either ""no gravitational force"", or that gravity is a fictitious force. In classical mechanics as in physics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation. Determined in this way, the gravitational field around a single

Force
cross-sectional area (the off-diagonal elements). The stress tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains (deformations) including also tensile stresses and compressions. There are forces that are frame dependent, meaning that they appear due to the adoption of non-Newtonian (that is, non-inertial) reference frames. Such forces include the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force. These forces are considered fictitious because they do not exist in frames of reference that are not accelerating. Because these forces are not genuine they are also referred to as ""pseudo forces"". In general relativity, gravity becomes a fictitious force that arises in situations where spacetime

"Tidal force"
difference that causes a body to get stretched. Thus, the tidal force is also known as the differential force, as well as a secondary effect of the gravitational field. In celestial mechanics, the expression ""tidal force"" can refer to a situation in which a body or material (for example, tidal water) is mainly under the gravitational influence of a second body (for example, the Earth), but is also perturbed by the gravitational effects of a third body (for example, the Moon). The perturbing force is sometimes in such cases called a tidal force (for example, the perturbing force on the

Tidal force The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards and away from the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects. It arises because the gravitational field exerted on one body by another is not constant across its parts: the nearest side is attracted more strongly than the farthest side. It is this

Force
principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference. The fundamental theories for forces developed from the unification of different ideas. For example, Sir. Isaac Newton unified, with his universal theory of gravitation, the force responsible for objects falling near the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the falling of celestial bodies about the Earth (the Moon) and around the Sun (the planets). Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through a

"Gravitational acceleration"
Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between and depending on altitude and latitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s (approximately 32.174 ft/s). This does not take into account other effects, such as buoyancy or drag. Newton's law of

"Annette Crosbie"
Annette Crosbie Annette Crosbie, (born 12 February 1934) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her role as Margaret Meldrew in the BBC sitcom ""One Foot in the Grave"" (1990–2000). She twice won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress, for ""The Six Wives of Henry VIII"" in 1971 and ""Edward the Seventh"" in 1976, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1976 film ""The Slipper and the Rose"". Her other film appearances include ""The Pope Must Die"" (1991), ""Shooting Fish"" (1997), ""Calendar Girls"" (2003) and ""Into the Woods"" (2014).

League Against Cruel Sports. Annette Crosbie Annette Crosbie, (born 12 February 1934) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her role as Margaret Meldrew in the BBC sitcom ""One Foot in the Grave"" (1990–2000). She twice won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress, for ""The Six Wives of Henry VIII"" in 1971 and ""Edward the Seventh"" in 1976, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1976 film ""The Slipper and the Rose"". Her other film appearances include ""The Pope Must Die"" (1991), ""Shooting Fish"" (1997), ""Calendar Girls"" (2003) and

"Doreen Mantle"
in ""Yentl"". In 2011, Mantle appeared in ""Coronation Street"" as the mother of Colin Fishwick whose identity was taken by John Stape. Doreen Mantle Doreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in ""One Foot in the Grave"" (1990–2000). She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as ""The Duchess of Duke Street"", ""The Wild House"", ""Sam Saturday"", ""Chalk"", ""Casualty"", ""The Bill"", ""Doctors"", ""Holby City"" and ""Jonathan Creek"". She played lollipop lady Queenie in ""Jam & Jerusalem"" (2006–09). She appeared

Doreen Mantle Doreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in ""One Foot in the Grave"" (1990–2000). She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as ""The Duchess of Duke Street"", ""The Wild House"", ""Sam Saturday"", ""Chalk"", ""Casualty"", ""The Bill"", ""Doctors"", ""Holby City"" and ""Jonathan Creek"". She played lollipop lady Queenie in ""Jam & Jerusalem"" (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of Father Brown in January 2018. Mantle has worked extensively on the stage in such productions as ""My Fair

"One Foot in the Grave"
well, out of the window of the house in which they were trapped during a snowstorm. Margaret Meldrew (née Pellow) (Annette Crosbie) – Victor's long-suffering, tolerant and kind-hearted wife. Margaret tries to maintain a degree of calmness and to rise above her husband's antics. However, she is often engulfed in these follies, mishaps and confusion and often vents her anger at Victor. In early episodes, her character acts more as a comic foil to Victor's misfortunes. Examples include fearfully asking if a cat found frozen in their freezer is definitely dead and mentioning a friend who died of a terminal

Daniels, Edward de Souza, Hannah Gordon, Georgina Hale, Jimmy Jewel, Rula Lenska, Stephen Lewis, Brian Murphy, Christopher Ryan, Barbara Windsor, Joan Sims and Ray Winstone. Two of Angus Deayton's former ""Radio Active"" and ""KYTV"" co-stars, Geoffrey Perkins and Michael Fenton Stevens were cast, in separate episodes, as respectively the brother and brother-in-law of Deayton's character. A few actors little-known at the time also appeared in one-off roles before going on to greater fame, including Lucy Davis, Joanna Scanlan, Eamonn Walker and Arabella Weir. The show was produced with an aspect ratio of from 1990 to 1997. Three years later, the

"Hannah Gordon"
Hannah Gordon Hannah Campbell Grant Gordon (born 9 April 1941) is a British actress who is well known in the United Kingdom for her television work, including ""My Wife Next Door"" (1972), ""Upstairs, Downstairs"" (1974–75), ""Telford's Change"" (1979), ""Joint Account"" (1989–90) and an appearance in the final episode of ""One Foot in the Grave"". She is also known for her appearance as Ann Treves in David Lynch's 1980 film ""The Elephant Man"". She is sometimes known as Hannah Warwick. Gordon was born in Edinburgh, the daughter of Hannah (née Grant) and William Munro Gordon. She studied drama at the Royal

"Annabelle Apsion"
Annabelle Apsion Jane Annabelle Apsion (born 17 September 1960 in Hammersmith, London) is an English actress, best known for playing Joy Wilton in ""Soldier Soldier"" and Violet Buckle in ‘’Call the Midwife’’. Apsion is also known for her portrayals of Kirsty in ""My Good Friend"", Beverly in ""The Lakes"", Patricia Hillman in ""Coronation Street"", and Mrs. Beech in Michelle Magorian's ""Goodnight Mister Tom"". She has appeared in two separate episodes of ""Midsomer Murders"", ""Death in Chorus"" and ""Dead Man's 11"", as two different characters. She also played a part in the docu-drama about the Hillsborough Disaster, which aired in 1996

"Annette Kerr"
following their first meeting in 1949. At one point, Williams proposed to her. Her television appearances included roles in series such as the pilot episode - ""Identified"" - of Anderson's live-action series ""UFO"" (1970), ""2point4 Children"" (1991-9, as Dora Grimes) and ""London's Burning"" (1992). Her last credited TV work was ""One Foot in the Grave"" (1995, as Ruth). This marked her second appearance in the series, following a minor part as ""Lady in Teashop"" (1992). She died at the actors' retirement home Denville Hall, where she had been resident, in London on 23 September 2013, aged 93. Annette Kerr Annette

"Tony Gordon"
out of his home, wanting to redevelop the site. Tony begins a relationship with Carla, unaware she has romantic feelings for Liam. She breaks up with him in order to prove her feelings to Liam, but they later reconcile, becoming engaged. However, Rosie is aware of Carla and Liam's feelings for each other and tries to seduce Tony, but he makes it clear that he is not interested; so she shows him footage of Carla and Liam kissing the morning after their one-night stand. In revenge, he hires Jimmy as a hitman to kill Liam, running him over on Tony's

"Tony Dovolani"
For season 17, he was partnered with actress Leah Remini and finished in 5th place. For Season 18, he was partnered with ""Real Housewives of Atlanta"" star NeNe Leakes, and were eliminated on the seventh week of competition, finishing in seventh place. For season 19, he paired with fashion designer Betsey Johnson. They were eliminated in the fourth week of competition, finishing in tenth place. For season 20, he paired with actress & author Suzanne Somers. They were eliminated on Week 5 and finished in 9th place. For season 21, he was paired with reality star Kim Zolciak-Biermann. After suffering

"Tony Verdeschi"
Commander John Koenig or others close to him is threatened. Like many of Alpha's senior personnel, he is an accomplished astronaut and pilot. Despite his relationship with Maya, a number of the base's other female personnel find him to be attractive and charming—such as Moonbase botanist Shermeen Williams, who developed a crush on Tony in ""A Matter of Balance"" while working together in Hydroponics trying to perfect his brewing skills. He is good friends with and was best man at the wedding of Moonbase personnel Patrick and Michelle Osgood (""Catacombs of the Moon""). He enjoys a 'best-mates' relationship with and

"Anthony DiNozzo"
moment where they nearly kiss, but both agree it should not go any further. Tony's ex-fiancée is mentioned briefly in the episode ""Baltimore"" as Wendy Miller, portrayed by Perrey Reeves. Later, in the episode ""Secrets"", it is revealed that she left him the night before their wedding, and states that she wasn't ready to find a real love, but she was ready to be married. Because she felt that Tony would only accept a real love from her, she broke off the engagement, but soon after married a stockbroker who, in her own words, ""loved money more than people"". She

up with her, she posted his name, identity, and information on a herpes alert website. The ""NCIS"" writers make reference to one of Michael Weatherly's real life relationships in the episode ""Hiatus (Part 1)"" when he states, ""I've got a better chance of hooking up with Jessica Alba..."". Weatherly's real life relationship with Alba occurred during his tenure on the television series ""Dark Angel"". In a flashback in the episode ""Baltimore"" Tony mentions proposing to his long term girlfriend Wendy, also his high school music teacher, but he never got married. Wendy is introduced in the season nine episode ""Secrets"".

"Tony Vlachos"
his lawn in nine inches of snow. In 2007, Vlachos began dating a fellow police officer named Marissa Ann. They dated for approximately three years before he proposed to her on July 24, 2010. They married on June 2, 2012, and their daughter, Anastasia Marie, was born on February 16, 2013, five months before Vlachos left to film """". Two months after arriving home, Vlachos and Marissa discovered she was two months pregnant with their second child, a son they named Constantine Anthony, who was born on June 9, 2014. Vlachos was cast on the 28th season of the CBS

"Tony Stonem"
existing moral values. In ""Maxxie and Anwar"" he reads Jeanette Winterson's ""Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit"", a book about a young girl struggling with her homosexuality. In the ""Tony"" episode of series 2, he is seen reading Ayn Rand's ""Atlas Shrugged"", while sitting on the train. In the episode ""Tony"", he attempts to help his best friend Sid to lose his virginity before turning 17 for fear of being associated with a perceived loser. After momentarily suggesting Sid may lose it to Michelle, he later reveals he was referring to Cassie (Hannah Murray). He orders Sid to acquire some

"Tony (Skins series 1)"
the beautiful Michelle and it is revealed that Sid is very attracted to her. Michelle and Tony tell Sid he is being set up with Cassie who was recently in hospital and is good in bed provided she isn't hungry, according to ""everyone"". Tony asks Sid to pick up some drugs off his dealer, Mad Twatter. Tony auditions for the city chamber choir and succeeds in getting a part. He then flirts with a private school girl Abigail Stock and agrees to attend her house party with his friends. Most of his friends, however, have other plans. Tony's gay friend

"Tony (Skins series 2)"
want to end up like him. Tony returns to the dorm, where Matt and Toby congratulate him and leave. He has sex with the girl, and afterwards she affectionately tells him not to look back. Back from the university, Tony goes to the club to find Sid and Michelle having sex in the bathroom. He proclaims that he loves both Sid and Michelle, but that it is wrong for them to be together because Sid loves Cassie, and Tony and Michelle love each other. Tony goes home and goes to bed, revealing the girl's tattoo on his back. The scenes

"Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David"
and McGee transferred back to the team in the premiere, but Tony is still acting as agent afloat on the USS ""Seahawk"". In the following episode, Ziva accompanies Gibbs onto the ""Seahawk"" as part of a murder investigation and notices that Tony has pictures of her in a bikini pinned up in his room. After the investigation is closed, his deployment is ended prematurely and he is allowed to return to the team in the conclusion of the episode. As the season progresses, Ziva seems to have become involved with someone while in Israel but refuses to discuss it. In

"Fayetteville, North Carolina"
Fear River. With an estimated population in 2013 of 210,533 people, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the largest in southeastern North Carolina, and the fifth-largest in the state. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover. Fayetteville's mayor is Mitch Colvin, who is serving his first term. The area of present-day Fayetteville was historically inhabited by various Siouan Native American peoples, such as the Eno, Shakori, Waccamaw, Keyauwee, and Cape Fear people. They followed successive cultures of other indigenous peoples in the area for more than 12,000 years. After

"Fayetteville, Tennessee"
Fayetteville, Tennessee Fayetteville is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,994 at the 2000 census, and 6,827 at the 2010 census. A census estimate from 2012 showed 7,072. Fayetteville is the largest city in Lincoln County. The city was established in 1809 by an Act of the Tennessee General Assembly. The act became effective on January 1, 1810. The lands that include Lincoln County and Fayetteville were originally part of Cherokee and Chickasaw land. They were ceded to the United States in 1806. The city was named for Fayetteville, North

and covering it in limestone dust. Other elements of the fair include a demolition derby, rides, food vendors, a cattle showing, pageants, art competition, and concerts. Fayetteville, Tennessee Fayetteville is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,994 at the 2000 census, and 6,827 at the 2010 census. A census estimate from 2012 showed 7,072. Fayetteville is the largest city in Lincoln County. The city was established in 1809 by an Act of the Tennessee General Assembly. The act became effective on January 1, 1810. The lands that include Lincoln County

"Fayetteville, Georgia"
first half of the 20th century, as agriculture became more mechanized, many African-American workers left the area in the Great Migration to northern and midwestern industrial cities, which had more jobs and offered less oppressive social conditions. A reverse migration has brought new residents to the South, and the city of Fayetteville has grown markedly since 2000, as has the county. The city's population has increased from 11,148 in 2000 to an estimated 16,990 in 2015. The city has a mayor-council form of elected government. Council members are elected from single-member districts, and the mayor is elected at-large in a

Fayetteville, Georgia Fayetteville is a city in Fayette County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 15,945, up from 11,148 at the 2000 census. The city is the county seat of Fayette County. Fayetteville is located south of downtown Atlanta. In 2015 the small majority-white city elected its first African-American mayor, Edward Johnson, a retired US navy commander and pastor. In 2011 he was elected as the first black city council member. He was a three-term president of the NAACP. Fayetteville was founded in 1822 as the seat of the newly formed Fayette

"Fayetteville, North Carolina metropolitan area"
Fayetteville, North Carolina metropolitan area The Fayetteville Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – Cumberland and Hoke – in eastern North Carolina, anchored by the city of Fayetteville. It is served by only one major Interstate, Interstate 95. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 336,609. As of the 2010 census the MSA had a population of 366,383. In 2011 the estimated population was 374,157 As of the census of 2000, there were 336,609 people, 118,731 households, and 86,364 families residing within the MSA.

Fayetteville, North Carolina Fayetteville () is a city in Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Cumberland County, and is best known as the home of Fort Bragg, a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city. Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League three times. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 200,564, with an estimated population of 204,408 in 2013. It is the 6th-largest city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape

"Fayette, Mississippi"
Fayette, Mississippi Fayette is a city in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,614 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jefferson County. Fayette is located at (31.711144, -91.062246). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. In 1879, the Jesse James gang, based in Missouri, raided southwest Mississippi, robbing a store each in Washington and Fayette. The outlaws absconded with $2,000 cash in the second robbery and took shelter in abandoned cabins on the Kemp Plantation south of St. Joseph, Louisiana. A posse attacked and

Sanford, Dunn and Raleigh were also affected. As of the census of 2010, there were 200,564 people, 78,274 households, and 51,163 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,401 people per square mile (541.1/km²). There were 87,005 housing units at an average density of 230.3 units/km² (596.3 persons/sq mi). The racial composition of the city was 45.7% White, 41.9% Black or African American, 2.6% Asian American, 1.1% Native American, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.3% some other race, and 4.9% two or more races. 10.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There

"Fayetteville, West Virginia"
Fayetteville, West Virginia Fayetteville is a town in and the county seat of Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,892 at the 2010 census. Fayetteville was listed as one of the 2006 ""Top 10 Coolest Small Towns in America"" by Budget Travel Magazine, and as ""Best River Town 2013"" by Blue Ridge Outdoors magazine. Fayetteville was founded by Abraham Vandal, a Revolutionary War veteran and local farmer. The town was originally named Vandalia. The Fayette County Courthouse is located on part of the original Vandal farm. The town’s name was later (prior to 1837) changed to Fayetteville

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1997 novel of the same name. The film is the first instalment in the long-running ""Harry Potter"" film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard

and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger. Warner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million ($1.65 million in 1999). Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000, with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner. Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish, and the film was shot at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom.

proposal. Filming began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001, with final work being done in July. Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station. Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film's ""pagan"" theme. Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal locations for Hogwarts, with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School. Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two-week period;

8.3 million in the US. An illustrated version of ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" was released on October 6, 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay. The book carries over 100 illustrations and will be followed by illustrated versions of all seven books from the series by the same artist. In 1999, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four ""Harry Potter"" books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million ($1.65 million in 1999). Rowling demanded that the principal cast be kept strictly British but allowed for the casting of Irish actors such as the late Richard Harris

"Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)"
to 1833 when they launched a six-year civil war against the state. The Carlists were strongly intransigent to any coalition with other movements, even believing that no non-Carlist could have honest intentions. During the war, the Carlists' militia, the ""Requetés"" reached a peak of 42,000 recruits but by the end of hostilities in April 1939 their overall strength had been reduced to 23,000. The Alfonsists were a movement that supported the restoration of Alfonso XIII of Spain as monarch following the founding of the Spanish Second Republic in 1931. They competed with rival monarchists, the Carlists, for the Spanish throne.

Infante Juan, the son of Alfonso XIII and heir to the Spanish throne, requested the permission of Franco to take part in the Nationals' war effort by enlisting as a member of the crew of the cruiser ""Balaeres"", which was nearing completion. He promised to abstain from political activities, but Franco refused, believing that he would become a figurehead for the Alfonsists who held a strong presence in the military. The Army of Africa was a field army garrisoned in Spanish Morocco - a legacy of the Rif War - under the command of General Francisco Franco. It consisted of

authoritarian regime, of an 8,000–12,000-strong volunteer force, the so-called ""Viriatos"" — for the whole duration of the conflict, Portugal was instrumental in providing the National faction with a vital logistical organization and by reassuring Franco and his allies that no interference whatsoever would hinder the supply traffic directed to the Nationals, crossing the borders of the two Iberian countries — the Nationals used to refer to Lisbon as ""the port of Castile"". In 1938, with Franco's victory increasingly certain, Portugal recognized Franco's regime and after the war in 1939 signed a treaty of friendship and non-aggression pact that was known

"Spanish Civil War"
a great deal to morale but militarily were not very significant. The Republic's supporters within Spain ranged from centrists who supported a moderately-capitalist liberal democracy to revolutionary anarchists who opposed the Republic but sided with it against the coup forces. Their base was primarily secular and urban but also included landless peasants and was particularly strong in industrial regions like Asturias, the Basque country, and Catalonia. This faction was called variously ""leales"" ""Loyalists"" by supporters, ""Republicans"", the ""Popular Front"", or ""the government"" by all parties; and/or ""los rojos"" ""the Reds"" by their opponents. Republicans were supported by urban workers, agricultural

land-owning farmers. It was mostly based in the rural areas where progressive political movements had made few inroads, such as great swathes of the Northern Meseta, including almost all of Old Castile, as well as La Rioja, Navarra, Alava, the area near Zaragoza in Aragon, most of Galicia, parts of Cáceres in Extremadura and many dispersed pockets in rural Andalucía where the local society still followed ancient traditional patterns and was yet untouched by ""modern"" thought. Politically this faction rallied together various parties and organizations which in some cases espoused opposed ideologies, such as the conservative CEDA and Alejandro Lerroux's

owed by Franco and the Nationals to Germany rose quickly upon purchasing German material, and required financial assistance from Germany as the Republicans had access to Spain's gold reserve. Upon the outbreak of the civil war, Portuguese Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar almost immediately supported the National forces. Salazar's ""Estado Novo"" regime held tense relations with the Spanish Republic that held Portuguese dissidents to his regime in it. Portugal played a critical role in supplying Franco's forces with ammunition and many other logistical resources. Despite its discreet direct military involvement — restrained to a somewhat ""semi-official"" endorsement, by its

the CEDA's legalism, support for the Falange expanded rapidly. By September 1936, the total Falangist volunteers numbered at 35,000, accounting for 55 percent of all civilian forces of the Nationals. The Falange was one of the original supporters of the military coup d'état against the republic, the other being the Carlists. After the death of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Manuel Hedilla sought to take control of the Falange, but this was usurped by Franco who sought to take control of the movement as part of his move to take control of the National faction. In 1937, Franco announced a

the regular army, albeit with resistance. The POUM Trotskyists were outlawed and denounced by the Soviet-aligned Communists as an instrument of the fascists. In the ""May Days"" of 1937, many thousands of anarchist and communist Republican soldiers fought for control of strategic points in Barcelona. The pre-war Falange was a small party of some 3–40,000 members. It also called for a social revolution that would have seen Spanish society transformed by National Syndicalism. Following the execution of its leader, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, by the Republicans, the party swelled in size to several hundred thousand members. The leadership of

by 1937, but Franco did not deny that there were fascists within the Falange. Franco declared that the Falange's goal was to incorporate the ""great neutral mass of the unaffiliated,"" and promised that no ideological rigidity would be allowed to interfere with the goal. Under Franco's leadership, the Falange abandoned the previous anticlerical tendencies of José Antonio Primo de Rivera and instead promoted neotraditionalist National Catholicism, though it continued to criticize Catholic pacifism. Franco's Falange also abandoned hostility to capitalism, with Falange member Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta declaring that Falange's national syndicalism was fully compatible with capitalism. The Spanish Confederation of Autonomous

1937. The Carlists were monarchists and ardent ultratraditionalist Catholics who sought the installation of Carlist Pretender Francisco Javier de Borbón as King of Spain. The Carlists were anti-republican, anti-democratic and staunchly anti-socialist. The Carlists were so anti-socialist that they opposed both Hitler and Mussolini because of their supposed socialistic tendencies. The Carlists were led by Manuel Fal Condé and held their main base of support in Navarre. The Carlists along with the Falange were the original supporters of the military coup d'état against the republic. The Carlists held a long history of violent opposition to the Spanish state, stemming back

"Billionaire (Los Angeles, California)"
Billionaire (Los Angeles, California) Billionaire is a private residence located at 924 Bel Air Road in the Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles. The home designed by Bruce Makowsky is the most expensive house for sale in the United States (as of 2017) and one of the largest houses in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The previous home occupying the lot was owned by Hollywood star Judy Garland until 1967. The property was acquired by Makowsky on May 7, 2012, for US $7.9 million. The structure was built over the course of four years by 250 workers. Listed on January

"The Pritzker Estate"
The Pritzker Estate The Pritzker Estate is a private residence located at 1261 Angelo Drive in the city of Los Angeles, in which the structure ranks as the second largest private residence. This is also the third largest home in the entire Los Angeles metropolitan area. The enormous mansion was built between 2005 and 2011 for billionaire Anthony Pritzker, one of several heirs to the Hyatt Hotel fortune. Located in the exclusive Beverly Crest neighborhood, the gargantuan home has been dubbed the ""Grand Hyatt Bel Air"" by disapproving neighbors, in reference to its extraordinary size. The previous home occupying a

and an access road built outside the boundary of the property. The Pritzker Estate The Pritzker Estate is a private residence located at 1261 Angelo Drive in the city of Los Angeles, in which the structure ranks as the second largest private residence. This is also the third largest home in the entire Los Angeles metropolitan area. The enormous mansion was built between 2005 and 2011 for billionaire Anthony Pritzker, one of several heirs to the Hyatt Hotel fortune. Located in the exclusive Beverly Crest neighborhood, the gargantuan home has been dubbed the ""Grand Hyatt Bel Air"" by disapproving neighbors,

"The Manor (Los Angeles)"
In February 2017, it was reported that singer Beyoncé and her husband Hip-hop mogul Jay Z had secretly visited the property. The Manor (Los Angeles) The Manor, also known as Spelling Manor, is a mansion located in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, across the street from Holmby Park. Constructed in 1988 for television producer Aaron Spelling, it is the largest home in Los Angeles County. It is currently owned by British heiress Petra Stunt, daughter of Formula One racing magnate Bernie Ecclestone. Stunt purchased the home in 2011 for $85 million after it had been on the

The Manor (Los Angeles) The Manor, also known as Spelling Manor, is a mansion located in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, across the street from Holmby Park. Constructed in 1988 for television producer Aaron Spelling, it is the largest home in Los Angeles County. It is currently owned by British heiress Petra Stunt, daughter of Formula One racing magnate Bernie Ecclestone. Stunt purchased the home in 2011 for $85 million after it had been on the market for two years with an asking price of $150 million, making it the most expensive residential real estate listing in

18, 2017, at US $250 million, Billionaire was the most expensive house listed for sale at that time in the United States. In April 2018 it was relisted for $188 million. It surpassed the Gemini mansion in Manalapan, Florida that was listed at US $190 million at the time. The most expensive home ever sold in Los Angeles County was the Playboy Mansion at $100 million while the record sale in the state of California was $117.5 million. At that time, the most expensive home ever sold in the United States was a $147 million East Hampton mansion. The house

of Formula One racing magnate Bernie Ecclestone for $85 million—one of the largest real estate sales in Los Angeles County. The sale was brokered by celebrity real estate agent Sally Forster Jones along with Rick Hilton and Jeff Hyland. Subsequently the chandeliers, wall lights and fireplace mantels were removed by the new owner and the interior was updated. But by July 2014, it was reported that she was looking to sell the mansion for $150 million. In October 2016, the Manor was relisted with Rick Hilton and David Kramer of Hilton & Hyland with an asking price of $200 million.

"Bruce Makowsky"
recorded sale price in the area was $100 million for two homes sold in 2016 including the Playboy Mansion, and a home in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles which was listed for $150 million. The most expensive listing, previous to Makowsky's mansion, was a $195 million mansion in Manalapan, Florida. Developed by Makowsky's BAM Luxury Development team, Makowsky said his inspiration came from megayachts. He wanted his creation to be ""the ultimate megayacht, but on land."" The 38,000 square-foot house has four floors, 12 bedrooms, 21 bathrooms, and three kitchens. It also features a 40-seat James Bond themed movie theater an

"The Beverly Hills Hotel"
""Hotel California"" that same year. Two years later, ""California Suite"" was filmed at the hotel. Owner Ben Silberstein died in 1979, and passed the hotel to his two daughters, Muriel Slatkin and Seema Boesky, wife of stock trader Ivan Boesky. In 1986, Marvin Davis bought the hotel from Silberstein's sons-in-law Burt Slatkin and Ivan Boesky. Boesky had bought the outstanding 5% of stock for a reported fortune and decided to sell, despite Slatkin's desire to keep the hotel. Less than a year later, Davis sold the hotel to the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, for $110 million. On December 30,

Bruce Makowsky Bruce Makowsky (born 1956) is an American real estate developer and entrepreneur. In 2017, he set the record for the most expensive home listed in the United States by listing a home he developed in Bel Air on the market for $250 million. Makowsky built a fashion business in New York selling designer handbags through over 1,300 department stores and QVC. He and his wife, Kathy Van Zeeland, sold handbags and shoes for 30 years through their flagship labels Kathy Van Zeeland Handbags, B. Makowsky and Tignanello. The couple sold the company in 2008 to Li & Fung

latest."" Collider's Allison Keene also noted Iris ""getting an actual storyline"" with Barry gone, and similarly presumed that he ""[would] be back in the fold by the end of the first episode"" alike to Flashpoint in the third season. She added, ""There are some new foes, lots of action, plenty of tech — it's great!"" The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late May 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It will be released on Blu-ray on August 28, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating with an average rating of

Apoptosis
cells by phagocytes occurs in an orderly manner without eliciting an inflammatory response. During apoptosis cellular RNA and DNA are separated from each other and sorted to different apoptotic bodies; separation of RNA is initiated as nucleolar segregation. Many knock-outs have been made in the apoptosis pathways to test the function of each of the proteins. Several caspases, in addition to APAF1 and FADD, have been mutated to determine the new phenotype. In order to create a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) knockout, an exon containing the nucleotides 3704–5364 was removed from the gene. This exon encodes a portion of the

Apoptosis
The two best-understood activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway (also called the mitochondrial pathway) and the extrinsic pathway. The ""intrinsic pathway"" is activated by intracellular signals generated when cells are stressed and depends on the release of proteins from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The ""extrinsic pathway"" is activated by extracellular ligands binding to cell-surface death receptors, which leads to the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). A cell initiates intracellular apoptotic signaling in response to a stress, which may bring about cell suicide. The binding of nuclear receptors by glucocorticoids, heat, radiation, nutrient deprivation, viral infection, hypoxia, increased

Apoptosis
coupled to extrinsic signals. TNF path TNF-alpha is a cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, and is the major extrinsic mediator of apoptosis. Most cells in the human body have two receptors for TNF-alpha: TNFR1 and TNFR2. The binding of TNF-alpha to TNFR1 has been shown to initiate the pathway that leads to caspase activation via the intermediate membrane proteins TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) and Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD). cIAP1/2 can inhibit TNF-α signaling by binding to TRAF2. FLIP inhibits the activation of caspase-8. Binding of this receptor can also indirectly lead to the activation of transcription factors

Apoptosis
homodimers are required to make the mitochondrial membrane permeable for the release of caspase activators such as cytochrome c and SMAC. Control of proapoptotic proteins under normal cell conditions of nonapoptotic cells is incompletely understood, but in general, Bax or Bak are activated by the activation of BH3-only proteins, part of the Bcl-2 family. Caspases Caspases play the central role in the transduction of ER apoptotic signals. Caspases are proteins that are highly conserved, cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases. There are two types of caspases: initiator caspases, caspase 2,8,9,10,11,12, and effector caspases, caspase 3,6,7. The activation of initiator caspases requires binding to

Apoptosis
""intrinsic pathway"" the cell kills itself because it senses cell stress, while in the ""extrinsic pathway"" the cell kills itself because of signals from other cells. Weak external signals may also activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Both pathways induce cell death by activating caspases, which are proteases, or enzymes that degrade proteins. The two pathways both activate initiator caspases, which then activate executioner caspases, which then kill the cell by degrading proteins indiscriminately. Research on apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in

Apoptosis
Cytochrome c is also released from mitochondria due to formation of a channel, the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC), in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and serves a regulatory function as it precedes morphological change associated with apoptosis. Once cytochrome c is released it binds with Apoptotic protease activating factor – 1 (""Apaf-1"") and ATP, which then bind to ""pro-caspase-9"" to create a protein complex known as an apoptosome. The apoptosome cleaves the pro-caspase to its active form of caspase-9, which in turn activates the effector ""caspase-3"". MAC (not to be confused with the membrane attack complex formed by complement activation, also

Apoptosis
its possible action as a signal molecule of subsequent pathways that activate apoptosis. Mitochondrial proteins known as SMACs (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) are released into the cell's cytosol following the increase in permeability of the mitochondria membranes. SMAC binds to ""proteins that inhibit apoptosis"" (IAPs) thereby deactivating them, and preventing the IAPs from arresting the process and therefore allowing apoptosis to proceed. IAP also normally suppresses the activity of a group of cysteine proteases called caspases, which carry out the degradation of the cell. Therefore, the actual degradation enzymes can be seen to be indirectly regulated by mitochondrial permeability.

Apoptosis
apoptotic cell is disposed of, there is a process of disassembly. There are three recognized steps in apoptotic cell disassembly: The removal of dead cells by neighboring phagocytic cells has been termed efferocytosis. Dying cells that undergo the final stages of apoptosis display phagocytotic molecules, such as phosphatidylserine, on their cell surface. Phosphatidylserine is normally found on the inner leaflet surface of the plasma membrane, but is redistributed during apoptosis to the extracellular surface by a protein known as scramblase. These molecules mark the cell for phagocytosis by cells possessing the appropriate receptors, such as macrophages. The removal of dying

Apoptosis
metabolic shifts toward glycolysis (an observation known as the “Warburg hypothesis”. Apoptosis in HeLa cells is inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate the cell cycle, but are rendered inactive when bound to an inhibitory protein. HPV E6 and E7 are inhibitory proteins expressed by the human papillomavirus, HPV being responsible for the formation of the cervical tumor from which HeLa cells are derived. HPV E6 causes p53, which regulates the cell cycle, to become inactive. HPV E7 binds to retinoblastoma tumor suppressing proteins and limits its ability to

Apoptosis
cells (type I), processed caspase-8 directly activates other members of the caspase family, and triggers the execution of apoptosis of the cell. In other types of cells (type II), the ""Fas""-DISC starts a feedback loop that spirals into increasing release of proapoptotic factors from mitochondria and the amplified activation of caspase-8. Common components Following ""TNF-R1"" and ""Fas"" activation in mammalian cells a balance between proapoptotic (BAX, BID, BAK, or BAD) and anti-apoptotic (""Bcl-Xl"" and ""Bcl-2"") members of the ""Bcl-2"" family are established. This balance is the proportion of proapoptotic homodimers that form in the outer-membrane of the mitochondrion. The proapoptotic

"Battles of Lexington and Concord"
Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge. They marked the outbreak of armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in America. In late 1774, Colonial leaders adopted the Suffolk Resolves in resistance to the alterations made to the Massachusetts colonial government by the British parliament following the Boston Tea Party. The colonial assembly responded

wreath at the base of ""The Minute Man"" statue and then respectfully observed as Sir Peter Ramsbotham, the British Ambassador to the United States, laid a wreath at the grave of British soldiers killed in the battle. Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge. They marked the outbreak of armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its

by forming a Patriot provisional government known as the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and calling for local militias to train for possible hostilities. The Colonial government exercised effective control of the colony outside of British-controlled Boston. In response, the British government in February 1775 declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. About 700 British Army regulars in Boston, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, were given secret orders to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord. Through effective intelligence gathering, Patriot leaders had received word weeks before the expedition that their supplies might

Foot, and the 1st Battalion of His Majesty's Marine Forces. Protecting the grenadier companies were about 320 light infantry from the 4th, 5th, 10th, 23rd, 38th, 43rd, 47th, 52nd, and 59th Regiments, and the 1st Battalion of the Marines. Each company had its own lieutenant, but the majority of the captains commanding them were volunteers attached to them at the last minute, drawn from all the regiments stationed in Boston. This lack of familiarity between commander and company would cause problems during the battle. The British began to awaken their troops at 9 pm on the night of April 18

in June before the Battle of Bunker Hill. General Heath studied the position of the British Army and decided to withdraw the militia to Cambridge. In the morning, Boston was surrounded by a huge militia army, numbering over 15,000, which had marched from throughout New England. Unlike the Powder Alarm, the rumors of spilled blood were true, and the Revolutionary War had begun. Now under the leadership of General Artemas Ward, who arrived on the 20th and replaced Brigadier General William Heath, they formed a siege line extending from Chelsea, around the peninsulas of Boston and Charlestown, to Roxbury, effectively

April 14, 1775, Gage received instructions from Secretary of State William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth, to disarm the rebels and to imprison the rebellion's leaders, but Dartmouth gave Gage considerable discretion in his commands. Gage's decision to act promptly may have been influenced by information he received on April 15, from a spy within the Provincial Congress, telling him that although the Congress was still divided on the need for armed resistance, delegates were being sent to the other New England colonies to see if they would cooperate in raising a New England army of 18,000 colonial soldiers. On the

crossroads called Watson's Corner to inflict heavy damage on them. Earlier in the day, Heath had ordered the Great Bridge to be dismantled. Percy's brigade was about to approach the broken-down bridge and a riverbank filled with militia when Percy directed his troops down a narrow track (now Beech Street, near present-day Porter Square) and onto the road to Charlestown. The militia (now numbering about 4,000) were unprepared for this movement, and the circle of fire was broken. An American force moved to occupy Prospect Hill (in modern-day Somerville), which dominated the road, but Percy moved his cannon to the

angered and shocked the British soldiers. They crossed the bridge and returned to the town by 11:30 a.m., under the watchful eyes of the colonists, who continued to maintain defensive positions. The regulars continued to search for and destroy colonial military supplies in the town, ate lunch, reassembled for marching, and left Concord after noon. This delay in departure gave colonial militiamen from outlying towns additional time to reach the road back to Boston. Lieutenant Colonel Smith, concerned about the safety of his men, sent flankers to follow a ridge and protect his forces from the roughly 1,000 colonials now

Boston ""with utmost expedition and secrecy to Concord, where you will seize and destroy ... all Military stores ... But you will take care that the soldiers do not plunder the inhabitants or hurt private property."" Gage used his discretion and did not issue written orders for the arrest of rebel leaders, as he feared doing so might spark an uprising. On March 30, 1775, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress issued the following resolution: The rebellion's leaders—with the exception of Paul Revere and Joseph Warren—had all left Boston by April 8. They had received word of Dartmouth's secret instructions to General

but belated decision to send a messenger back to Boston asking for reinforcements. Although often styled a battle, in reality the engagement at Lexington was a minor brush or skirmish. As the regulars' advance guard under Pitcairn entered Lexington at sunrise on April 19, 1775, about 80 Lexington militiamen emerged from Buckman Tavern and stood in ranks on the village common watching them, and between 40 and 100 spectators watched from along the side of the road. Their leader was Captain John Parker, a veteran of the French and Indian War, who was suffering from tuberculosis and was at times

tied with 17, the latter generating the most consecutive number-ones in the chart's history with her first nine singles. Jennifer Lopez and Donna Summer have 16, Lady Gaga has 15, while Dave Audé, Enrique Iglesias, Pitbull, and Kylie Minogue have attained 14 apiece. Three acts have attained thirteen number-one songs: Deborah Cox, Whitney Houston, and Yoko Ono (aka ONO). These artists technically moved up to the tenth place position upon Kristine W’s move into a sixth place tie with Carey. Three artists, David Guetta, Crystal Waters, and Martha Wash, are tied at eleventh with 12 number ones, their move came

Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Dance Club Songs chart. Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any ""Billboard"" chart. The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22). Janet Jackson has accumulated 20 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18. Mariah Carey and Kristine W are

"Lists of UK Singles Chart number ones"
with 11 songs topping the chart, just ahead of 1956, 1962 and 1992, with 12. The act that has achieved the most number ones is American entertainer Elvis Presley, who has topped the chart 21 times – Presley's second number one, ""Jailhouse Rock"" was the first single ever to debut at the top of the chart. The most successful band are The Beatles, who have achieved 17 number ones on the chart. The Beatles' first chart-topper, ""From Me to You"", reached number one in May 1963. In the 1970s the required number of sales needed to top the chart was

via way of Summer moving into a tie with Lopez in 2018; Guetta moved up later in the year due to having admitted to record under a alias, thus being credited as one artist. Pet Shop Boys leads among duo or groups with 11 number-ones, while Christina Aguilera and Prince are tied with 10 number ones. American singer, songwriter, and producer Madonna has achieved a record-extending 46 number-one songs on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Dance Club Songs chart. In addition to this feat, she also holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits

number ones under his real name, Guetta also records under the alias Jack Back, and has placed two number ones under that project, the latest being ""(It Happens) Sometimes,"" which reached the top spot in its December 1, 2018 issue. He can also claim the most charted songs on Dance/Mix Show Airplay with 39 titles, seven of them having reached number one since that chart's 2003 inception (only Calvin Harris and Rihanna, both of whom have also worked with Guetta, both lead that chart with 12 number ones each). American singer, songwriter, and record executive Martha Wash has a total

at #18 in May of that year; the title track and fourth single from the album becoming her second number one later that same year), ""When I Think of You,"" reached the top spot in its September 20 issue that year. Jackson would add her 20th number one tally in 2018, when ""Made for Now"" (featuring Daddy Yankee) reached the top spot in its October 20 issue. American singer and songwriter Katy Perry has achieved a record-holding streak of 18 consecutive number-one songs on the chart. Her first was ""Waking Up in Vegas"" in August 2009, which ranked as the

1981 with “Walking on Thin Ice”, which peaked at number 13 but would later see it reached number one twice in 2003 and 2013 under the Ono billing. As of 2017 her remix of “Hell in Paradise” would move her into a tenth place tie on this list. She would also eclipse Giorgio Moroder as the oldest artist to reach number one at Dance Club Songs (Moroder was 76 when his two singles took the top spot in 2015, including the aforementioned collaboration with Minogue). French musician, producer, remixer, and television presenter David Guetta has a total of 12 number

12 hit parade, which was topped by ""Here in My Heart"" by Al Martino. ""NME""s chart was published each week in its eponymous magazine. The sources, in accordance with the official canon of the Official Charts Company, are the ""New Musical Express"" chart from 1952 to 1960; the ""Record Retailer"" chart from 1960 to 1969; and the Official UK Singles Chart from 1969 onwards. The calendar year that has featured the most UK number ones is 2000, which featured 42 singles reaching the top spot; the year with the fewest number ones is 2016, with 10 songs, followed by 1954,

"UK Singles Chart records and statistics"
musicians such as Clem Cattini who is reported to have played drums on over 40 number ones. The record for most non-consecutive weeks at number one is 18 by Frankie Laine's ""I Believe"" in 1953. It spent nine weeks at number one, dropped down for a week, returned to number one for six weeks, dropped down for a further week and returned to number one for a third time for three weeks. The longest unbroken run at number one is ""(Everything I Do) I Do It for You"" by Bryan Adams, which spent 16 consecutive weeks in 1991. Below is

Officiant
Officiant An officiant is someone who officiates (i.e. leads) at a service or ceremony, such as marriage, burial, or namegiving/baptism. Religious Officiants are usually ordained by a religious denomination as members of the clergy. Some officiants work within congregations in some denominations and for specified ceremonies (e.g. funerals), as non-ordained members on the clergy team. Clergy / Officiants differ from Chaplains in that the clergy serve the members of their congregation, while Chaplains are usually employed by an institution such as the military, a hospital or other health care facility, etc. There may be more than one con-celebrant, but, even

"Marriage officiant"
Marriage officiant A marriage officiant, solemniser, or ""vow master"" is a person who officiates at a wedding ceremony. Some nonreligious couples get married by a government official like a judge, mayor, or justice of the peace. Religious wedding, such as Christian ones, are officiated by a pastor. Similarly, Jewish weddings are presided over by a rabbi, and in Islamic weddings, an imam is the marriage officiant. In Hindu weddings, a pandit is the marriage officiant. They may also turn to nondenominational ministers who don't follow a specific religious tradition. Marriage officiant is a civil officer such as a justice of

Officiant
when a higher-ranking cleric is present, (save the Pope), there is only one principal celebrant. Secular Officiants include Civil Celebrants, Humanist Society appointed officiants, Justices of the Peace, marriage commissioners, notaries, and other persons empowered by law to perform legal marriage ceremonies. Many secular celebrants / officiants conduct the whole range of ceremonies which mark the milestones of human life. Officiant An officiant is someone who officiates (i.e. leads) at a service or ceremony, such as marriage, burial, or namegiving/baptism. Religious Officiants are usually ordained by a religious denomination as members of the clergy. Some officiants work within congregations in

the peace who performs acts of marriage or civil union. Their main responsibility is to witness the consent of the intended spouses for the wedding license and hence validate the marriage or civil union for legal purposes. Officiant's duties and responsibilities, as well as who may be an officiant vary among jurisdictions. In the United States, Canada and several other countries around the world, a celebrant is a person who performs religious or secular celebrancy services for weddings, funerals, child namings, coming of age ceremonies, and other rituals. Most Celebrants are ordained clergy (such as a Christian pastor), while some

are legal officials (usually judges). In Humanist weddings, a Humanist officiant presides. Celebrants may perform alternative and nontraditional ceremonies in places, and under circumstances where mainstream religious clergy will not. Some celebrants perform same-sex weddings and commitment ceremonies. Celebrants, also called Officiants, often perform ceremonies in parks, on beaches, on mountains, on boats, on hiking trails, in hotels, in banquet halls, in private homes, and many other places. Laws in each state of the United States vary about who has the ability to perform wedding ceremonies, but Celebrants or Officiants are usually categorized as ""clergy"" and have the same rights

"Master of ceremonies"
Master of ceremonies A master of ceremonies, abbreviated MC or emcee, also called compère and announcer, and microphone controller is the official host of a ceremony, staged event or similar performance. The term is earliest documented in the Catholic Church since the 5th century, where the Master of Ceremonies was and still is an official of the Papal Court responsible for the proper and smooth conduct of the elegant and elaborate rituals involving the Pope and the sacred liturgy. The master of ceremonies sometimes also refers to the protocol officer during an official state function, especially in monarchies. Today, the

"Funeral director"
Funeral director A funeral director, also known as an undertaker (British English) or mortician (American English), is a professional involved in the business of funeral rites. These tasks often entail the embalming and burial or cremation of the dead, as well as the arrangements for the funeral ceremony (although not the directing and conducting of the funeral itself unless clergy are not present). Funeral directors may at times be asked to perform tasks such as dressing (in garments usually suitable for daily wear), casketing (placing the human body in the coffin), and (applying any sort of cosmetic or substance to

national laws. In the Catholic Church, it is the bride and bridegroom who perform the Sacrament of Matrimony (marriage), but a marriage can only be valid if the Church has a witness at the wedding ceremony whose function is to question the couple to ensure that they have no obstacle to marriage (such as an un-annulled previous marriage or certain undisclosed facts between the couple) and that they are freely choosing to wed each other. All ordained clergy (i.e. a deacon, priest, or bishop) may witness the wedding ceremony itself, though usually the wedding ceremony occurs during a Mass, which

"Civil ceremony"
Civil ceremony A civil, or registrar, ceremony is a non-religious legal marriage ceremony performed by a government official or functionary. In the United Kingdom, this person is typically called a registrar. In the United States, civil ceremonies may be performed by town, city, or county clerks, judges or justices of the peace, or others possessing the legal authority to support the marriage as the wedding officiant. In the UK, a civil registrar ceremony cannot include hymns, religious readings or prayers, and the marriage must take place at a registered or licensed venue to be legally valid. Many private premises are

deacons lack the authority or ability to celebrate; however, in weddings that take place inside Mass, the deacon may still serve as the witness to the wedding, provided that a priest or bishop celebrates the Mass; and in weddings that take place outside Mass (which usually occurs in a marriage between a Catholic and a non-Christian or, less often, non-Catholic), the ceremony is the same for deacons, priests, and bishops (with few or no changes). In Quaker weddings the couple marry each other with no third party officiating. In Judaism a Rabbi traditionally officiates over the wedding, however the two

"River Thames"
million years ago, in the Thanetian stage of the late Palaeocene epoch. Until around 500,000 years ago, the Thames flowed on its existing course through what is now Oxfordshire, before turning to the north east through Hertfordshire and East Anglia and reaching the North Sea near Ipswich. At this time the river system headwaters lay in the English West Midlands and may, at times, have received drainage from the Berwyn Mountains in North Wales. Brooks and rivers like the River Brent, Colne Brook and Bollo Brook either flowed into the then River Thames or went out to sea on the

course of the present-day River Thames. About 450,000 years ago, in the most extreme Ice Age of the Pleistocene, the Anglian, the furthest southern extent of the ice sheet was at Hornchurch in east London. It dammed the river in Hertfordshire, resulting in the formation of large ice lakes, which eventually burst their banks and caused the river to be diverted onto its present course through what is now London. Progressively, the channel was pushed south to form the St Albans depression by the repeated advances of the ice sheet. This created a new river course through Berkshire and on

the ice age and at one time was under the Proto-Thames. Also created at this time were the vast underground reserves of water that make the water table higher than average in the Vale of Aylesbury. The last advance from that Scandinavian ice flow to have reached this far south covered much of north west Middlesex and finally forced the Proto-Thames to take roughly its present course. At the height of the last ice age, around 20,000 BC, Britain was connected to mainland Europe by a large expanse of land known as Doggerland in the southern North Sea basin. At

banks of the Brent but have been buried under centuries of silt. Some of the earliest written references to the Thames () occur in Julius Caesar's account of his second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, when the Thames presented a major obstacle and he encountered the Iron Age Belgic tribes the Catuvellauni and the Atrebates along the river. The confluence of the Thames and Cherwell was the site of early settlements and the River Cherwell marked the boundary between the Dobunni tribe to the west and the Catuvellauni tribe to the east (these were pre-Roman Celtic tribes). In the

this time, the Thames' course did not continue to Doggerland but flowed southwards from the eastern Essex coast where it met the Rhine, the Meuse and the Scheldt flowing from what are now the Netherlands and Belgium. These rivers formed a single river – the Channel River (""Fleuve Manche"") – that passed through the Dover Strait and drained into the Atlantic Ocean in the western English Channel. The ice sheet, which stopped around present day Finchley, deposited boulder clay to form Dollis Hill and Hanger Hill. Its torrent of meltwater gushed through the Finchley Gap and south towards the new

into London, after which the river rejoined its original course in southern Essex, near the present River Blackwater estuary. Here it entered a substantial freshwater lake in the southern North Sea basin, south of what is called Doggerland. The overspill of this lake caused the formation of the Channel River and later the Dover Strait gap between Britain and France. Subsequent development led to the continuation of the course that the river follows at the present day. Most of the bedrock of the Vale of Aylesbury is made up of clay and chalk that was formed at the end of

late 1980s a large Romano-British settlement was excavated on the edge of the village of Ashton Keynes in Wiltshire. In 43, under the Emperor Claudius, the Romans occupied England and, recognising the river's strategic and economic importance, built fortifications along the Thames valley including a major camp at Dorchester. Cornhill and Ludgate Hill provided a defensible site near a point on the river both deep enough for the era's ships and narrow enough to be bridged; Londinium (London) grew up around the Walbrook on the north bank around the year 47. Boudica's Iceni razed the settlement in 60 or 61

"Ancestral Thames"
Ancestral Thames The Ancestral Thames is the name given to the geologically ancient precursor to the present day River Thames. During the Early and Middle Pleistocene, central and southern Britain had two main rivers of more than : the Bytham and the Ancestral Thames. For most of the Early Pleistocene the Ancestral Thames was the main river with, at its maximum extent, a catchment area that extended into Wales alongside the Chiltern Hills, through southern East Anglia and finally into lowlands in what is now the North Sea, where it joined the ancestral Rhine. In the early Ice Age the

river water to flow rapidly seaward and so erode its bed quickly downwards. The original land surface was around above the current sea level. The surface had sandy deposits from an ancient sea, laid over sedimentary clay (this is the blue London Clay). All the erosion down from this higher land surface, and the sorting action by these changes of water flow and direction, formed what is known as the Thames River Gravel Terraces. Since Roman times and perhaps earlier, the isostatic rebound from the weight of previous ice sheets, and its interplay with the eustatic change in sea level,

it was built on after the Industrial Revolution. Use of the term ""East End"" in a pejorative sense began in the late 19th century, Canvey Island in southern Essex (area ; population 37,479) was once marshy, but is now a fully reclaimed island in the Thames estuary. It is separated from the mainland of south Essex by a network of creeks. Lying below sea level it is prone to flooding at exceptional tides, but has nevertheless been inhabited since Roman times. Various species of birds feed off the river or nest on it, some being found both at sea and

Handcar
Handcar A handcar (also known as a pump trolley, pump car, jigger, Kalamazoo, velocipede, or draisine) is a railroad car powered by its passengers, or by people pushing the car from behind. It is mostly used as a maintenance of way or mining car, but it was also used for passenger service in some cases. A typical design consists of an arm, called the walking beam, that pivots, seesaw-like, on a base, which the passengers alternately push down and pull up to move the car. It is not clear who invented the handcar, also written as hand car or hand-car.

"Railroad speeder"
Railroad speeder A speeder (also known as railway motor car, putt-putt, track-maintenance car, crew car, jigger, trike, quad, trolley, inspection car, or a draisine) is a maintenance of way motorized vehicle formerly used on railroads around the world by track inspectors and work crews to move quickly to and from work sites. Although it is slow compared to a train or car, it is called ""speeder"" because it is faster than a human-powered vehicle such as a handcar (draisine). Motorised inspection cars date back to at least 1896, when it was reported that the U.S. Daimler Motor Company created a

Autotrain
Autotrain The Autotrain was a type of passenger train used in the early 20th century, where the steam locomotive could be remotely controlled from the rear of the train. This meant that the engine would not have to run-around at the end of a journey before returning. These trains were also known as motor trains or railmotors at the time, but the term railmotor is now used to refer to trains where the steam engine was integrated into the coach. A driving cab in the rearmost coach (known as an autocoach or auto trailer) has controls to allow the driver

"Gear train"
Gear train A gear train is a mechanical system formed by mounting gears on a frame so the teeth of the gears engage. Gear teeth are designed to ensure the pitch circles of engaging gears roll on each other without slipping, providing a smooth transmission of rotation from one gear to the next. The transmission of rotation between contacting toothed wheels can be traced back to the Antikythera mechanism of Greece and the south-pointing chariot of China. Illustrations by the Renaissance scientist Georgius Agricola show gear trains with cylindrical teeth. The implementation of the involute tooth yielded a standard gear

"Crane (rail)"
a locomotive. In North American terminology, a 'breakdown crane' is often referred to as a 'wrecker' and the train of which it is a part is referred to as a 'wreck train'. The members of the crew that recovers the wrecked car(s) or locomotive(s) are referred to as 'wreckers'. A railroad crane generally resembles a conventional fixed-location crane except that the platform the crane sits on is a heavy-duty reinforced flat car. Directly underneath the center of gravity for the crane is a pivot point that allows the crane to swivel around 360°; in this way the crane can locate

"Derailleur gears"
Derailleur gears Derailleur gears are a variable-ratio transmission system commonly used on bicycles, consisting of a chain, multiple sprockets of different sizes, and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Although referred to as ""gears"" in the bike world, these bicycle ""gears"" are technically ""sprockets"" since they drive or are driven by a chain, and are not driven by one another. Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a Bowden cable attached to a shifter mounted on the down tube, handlebar stem, or handlebar. When a rider

"Belt manlift"
manlift is clearly visible in the silent film Metropolis (1927 film). Several scenes showing an operational manlift are also featured within the volcanic island complex in the film Our Man Flint (1966) and were shot at the LADWP Scattergood Generating Station. Man engine Belt manlift A belt manlift or manlift is a device for moving passengers between floors of a building. It is a simple belt with steps or platforms and handholds rather than an elevator with cars. Its design is similar to that of a paternoster. The belt is a loop that moves in a single direction, so one

Minecart
Minecart A minecart or mine cart (also known as a mine trolley) is a type of rolling stock found on a mine railway, used for moving ore and materials procured in the process of traditional mining. Minecarts are seldom used in modern operations, having largely been superseded in underground operations (especially coal mines) by more efficient belt conveyor systems that allow machines such as longwall shearers and continuous miners to operate at their full capacity, and above ground by large dumpers. Throughout the world, there are different titles for mine carts. In South Africa a minecart is referred to as

Bulldozer
earth-moving equipment. Another type of bulldozer is the wheeled bulldozer, which generally has four wheels driven by a 4-wheel-drive system and has a hydraulic, articulated steering system. The blade is mounted forward of the articulation joint, and is hydraulically actuated. The bulldozer's primary tools are the blade and the ripper. The word ""bulldozer"" is sometimes used inaccurately for other similar construction vehicles such as a large front loader. The bulldozer blade is a heavy metal plate on the front of the tractor, used to push objects, and shove sand, soil, debris, and sometimes snow. Dozer blades usually come in three

"Car hydraulics"
placement of the pumps determines the range of motion the automobile has. Car Hydraulics are many times shown and advertised in the media. In the 1970s, many movies shot in east Hollywood became known for their lowrider automobiles with fancy hydraulics. Movies such as ""Up in Smoke"" and ""Chong's Classic"" were some of the few films featuring lowriders. Even in more recent films and media, these automobiles are being displayed. Demonstrated in 1998's Wrongfully Accused, Leslie Nielson's character, Ryan Harrison, steals a car that has installed hydraulics. The movie display's the bounce given by certain hydraulic systems that are equipped

"How Deep Is Your Love (Bee Gees song)"
How Deep Is Your Love (Bee Gees song) ""How Deep Is Your Love"" is a pop ballad written and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film ""Saturday Night Fever"". It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on 25 December 1977 (becoming the first of six consecutive US number-one hits), ended the 10-week reign of Debby Boone's ""You Light Up My Life"" and stayed

single UK CD single no. 1 UK CD single no. 2 EU CD single no. 1 EU CD single no. 2 Japanese CD single UK 7"" vinyl – jukebox release only How Deep Is Your Love (Bee Gees song) ""How Deep Is Your Love"" is a pop ballad written and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film ""Saturday Night Fever"". It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped

"Your Love (The Outfield song)"
Your Love (The Outfield song) ""Your Love"" is a song by the English rock band the Outfield, taken from their debut album ""Play Deep"" (1985). The song was written by the band's guitarist John Spinks. In the United States, the song reached #6 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and #7 on the Mainstream Rock chart in 1986. ""Your Love"" became a major hit in the United States. It was first released as the second single from ""Play Deep"" in November 1985. It was first pushed to album-oriented rock (AOR) radio, to maintain momentum generated by the album's lead single, ""Say

"My Love Is Your Love"
appeared firstly at number sixty-four on the Hot R&B Singles & Tracks chart, the issue date of January 9, 1999. It rose higher position of the chart steadily, and eventually reached its peak position, number seven, in its twenty-fourth week on the chart. On the Hot 100 chart, the single debuted at number eighty-seven, the issue date of May 8, 1999, and after the regular-length cassette & CD configurations had hit stores, peaked at number four, selling 522,000 copies in the United States. The RIAA certified it Gold on June 29, 1999. It was also successful in the United Kingdom.

""We didn't want a situation where they had to be actors or something that wasn't what they are,"" said the band's manager, Kip Krones, at the time. The video was first added to MTV's schedule during the week of 19 February 1986, and began attracting major rotation. It peaked at number two on MTV's Top 20 Countdown in late April 1986. Your Love (The Outfield song) ""Your Love"" is a song by the English rock band the Outfield, taken from their debut album ""Play Deep"" (1985). The song was written by the band's guitarist John Spinks. In the United States,

"How Deep Is Your Love (Dru Hill song)"
How Deep Is Your Love (Dru Hill song) ""How Deep Is Your Love"" is an R&B single by group Dru Hill and features the remix rapper Redman. It is the first single from the group's second album, ""Enter the Dru"". The song was released on September 22, 1998, the hit song spent three weeks at number-one on the US R&B chart, and peaked at number-three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song was also used in the end credits and is featured on the soundtrack to the 1998 film ""Rush Hour"". The music video directed by Brett Ratner

wouldn't have a chance. We always kept going forward and we're getting stronger every day"". The song won Best Pop Performance by a Group at the 20th Grammy Awards which were held on 23 February 1978. The song also received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 35th Golden Globe awards held on 28 January 1978. The award went to ""You Light Up My Life"" by Kasey Cisyk. At the time of both award ceremonies, the song was still in the Top 10 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. In 1983, the Bee Gees were sued by a Chicago

"How Deep Is Your Love (Calvin Harris and Disciples song)"
How Deep Is Your Love (Calvin Harris and Disciples song) ""How Deep Is Your Love"" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris and English production trio Disciples. It was released on 17 July 2015. It features uncredited vocals by Norwegian singer and songwriter Ina Wroldsen. The single received generally positive reviews, and was commercially successful, reaching the top-ten in 22 countries, including number two on the UK Singles Chart and number one in Australia, Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands and Russia. The song was remixed by producer Kayzo. On 3 June 2015, Harris announced an upcoming collaboration

France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the top ten in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, and New Zealand. Thanks to popularity for the song across Europe, it eventually peaked at number two on the Eurochart Hot 100. The album's second single, ""Heartbreak Hotel"" which features Faith Evans and Kelly Price, entered the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart at number eighty-four, the issue date of December 15, 1998. In its first week when the song was commercially available, it leaped to number twenty-nine, and after six weeks peaked at number two on the Hot 100, making it the first Houston

"The Outfield"
Damsker, rock critic for the ""Hartford Courant"". The Outfield The Outfield was an English rock band based in London, England. The band achieved success in the mid-1980s and are best remembered for their hit single, ""Your Love"". The band's lineup consisted of guitarist John Spinks, vocalist and bassist Tony Lewis, and drummer Alan Jackman. They had an unusual experience for a British band in that they enjoyed commercial success in the US, but never in their homeland. The band began recording during the mid-1980s, and released their first album, ""Play Deep"", in 1985 through Columbia Records. The album reached No.

"Council of Jerusalem"
as well, as the Apostolic Decree indicates. The dispute was between those, such as the followers of the ""Pillars of the Church"", led by James, who believed, following his interpretation of the Great Commission, that the church must observe the Torah, i.e. the rules of traditional Judaism, and Paul the Apostle, who believed there was no such necessity. (See also Supersessionism, New Covenant, Antinomianism, Hellenistic Judaism, Paul the Apostle and Judaism.) At the Council, following advice offered by Simon Peter ( and ), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (), and the apostle James

Ten Commandments in Christianity. The writer of Acts gives an account of a restatement by James and the elders in Jerusalem of the contents of the letter on the occasion of Paul's final Jerusalem visit, immediately prior to Paul's arrest at the temple, recounting: ""When we had come to Jerusalem, the brothers received us gladly. On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present."" (Acts 21:17–18, ESV) The elders then proceed to notify Paul of what seems to have been a common concern among Jewish believers, that he was teaching Diaspora Jewish

quoted from the words of the prophet Amos (, quoting ). James added his own words to the quotation: ""Known to God from eternity are all His works"" and then submitted a proposal, which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree: The Western version of Acts (see Acts of the Apostles: Manuscripts) adds the negative form of the Golden Rule (""and whatever things ye would not have done to yourselves, do not do to another""). This determined questions wider than that of circumcision, particularly dietary questions, but also fornication and idolatry and blood, and also

"Council of Chalcedon"
and had the body of Flavian brought to the capital to be buried honorably. The Emperor asked Leo to preside over the council, but Leo again chose to send legates in his place. This time, Bishops Paschasinus of Lilybaeum and Julian of Cos and two priests Boniface and Basil represented the western church at the council. The Council of Chalcedon condemned the work of the Robber Council and professed the doctrine of the Incarnation presented in Leo's Tome. The council was attended by about 520 bishops or their representatives and was the largest and best-documented of the first seven ecumenical

of the Incarnation before continuing the trial. The council fathers, however, felt that no new creed was necessary, and that the doctrine had been laid out clearly in Leo's Tome. They were also hesitant to write a new creed as the Council of Ephesus had forbidden the composition or use of any new creed. The second session of the council ended with shouts from the bishops, ""It is Peter who says this through Leo. This is what we all of us believe. This is the faith of the Apostles. Leo and Cyril teach the same thing."" However, during the reading

agreed to send four legates to represent him. Leo provided his legates, one of whom died en route, with a letter addressed to Flavian of Constantinople explaining Rome's position in the controversy. Leo's letter, now known as Leo's Tome, confessed that Christ had two natures, and was not of or from two natures. Although it could be reconciled with Cyril's Formula of Reunion, it was not compatible in its wording with Cyril's Twelve Anathemas. In particular, the third anathema reads: ""If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity

fornication and idolatry, sometimes referred to as the Apostolic Decree or Jerusalem Quadrilateral. Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles chapter 15 (in two different forms, the Alexandrian and Western versions) and also possibly in Paul's letter to the Galatians chapter 2. Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem (notably because Galatians 2 describes a private meeting) while other scholars dispute the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles. The Council of Jerusalem is generally dated to 48 AD, roughly 15 to 25 years after the crucifixion of Jesus, between

26 and 36 AD. Acts 15 and Galatians 2 both suggest that the meeting was called to debate whether or not male Gentiles who were converting to become followers of Jesus were required to become circumcised; circumcision was considered repulsive during the period of Hellenization of the Eastern Mediterranean. At the time, most followers of Jesus (which historians refer to as Jewish Christians) were Jewish by birth and even converts would have considered the early Christians as a part of Judaism. According to Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of the then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the

"Paul the Apostle"
Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister

"John Chrysostom"
French translation in ""Sources Chrétiennes"". John Chrysostom John Chrysostom (; ; – 14 September 407), Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the ""Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom"", and his ascetic sensibilities. The epithet (""Chrysostomos"", anglicized as Chrysostom) means ""golden-mouthed"" in Greek and denotes his celebrated eloquence. Chrysostom was among the most prolific authors in the early Christian Church, exceeded only by Augustine of Hippo in the quantity of his surviving writings. He is honored as

"Seattle Seahawks"
reached the playoffs in 16 separate seasons, including in the 2005 season when they lost Super Bowl XL to the Pittsburgh Steelers, the 2013 season when they defeated the Denver Broncos to win Super Bowl XLVIII, and the 2014 season when they lost Super Bowl XLIX to the New England Patriots. In the 2010 season, the Seahawks became the first team in NFL history to earn a spot in the playoffs with a losing record (7–9, .438) in a full season; this was by virtue of winning the division. The Seahawks would go on to defeat the reigning Super Bowl

champion New Orleans Saints in the , becoming the first team ever to win a playoff game with a losing record. Until Week 7 of the 2016 season against the Arizona Cardinals, the Seahawks had never recorded a tied game in their history. The 35th Anniversary team was voted upon by users on Seahawks.com and announced in 2010. Note: Although Mike McCormack served as head coach, president, and general manager for the Seahawks, he is ""only"" listed in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his contributions as a tackle for the New York Yanks and the Cleveland Browns. The

Cardinals; on October 14, 2012, with the Carolina Panthers wearing white at home, they wore their blue jerseys with gray pants (and would do so again against the Miami Dolphins seven weeks later); and on December 16, 2012, they wore their Alternate Wolf Grey jerseys for the first time against the Buffalo Bills. As of the end of the 2017 season, the Seattle Seahawks have competed in 42 NFL seasons, dating back to their expansion year of 1976. The team has compiled a 334–323-1 record (16–15 in the playoffs) for a .508 winning percentage (.516 in the playoffs). Seattle has

That same year, the team opened its new home stadium, Seahawks Stadium, after spending the last two seasons at Husky Stadium after the Kingdome's implosion in 2000. In the 2005 season, the Seahawks had their best season in franchise history (a feat that would later be matched in 2013) with a record of 13–3, which included a 42-0 rout of the Philadelphia Eagles on December 5, a game since referred to as the Monday Night Massacre. The 13-3 record earned them the number one seed in the NFC. They won the NFC Championship Game in 2005, but lost in Super

with this, Behring and Hoffman sold the team to Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in 1997, for $200 million, and in 1999 Mike Holmgren was hired as head coach. He would coach for 10 seasons. The Seahawks won their second division title, as well as a wild card berth in the playoffs. In 2002, the Seahawks returned to the NFC West as part of an NFL realignment plan that gave each conference four balanced divisions of four teams each. This realignment restored the AFC West to its initial post-merger roster of original AFL teams Denver, San Diego, Kansas City, and Oakland.

1983, the Seahawks hired Chuck Knox as head coach. Finishing with a 9–7 record, the Seahawks made their first post-season appearance, defeating the Denver Broncos in the Wild Card Round, and then the Miami Dolphins, before losing in the AFC Championship to the eventual Super Bowl champion Los Angeles Raiders. The following season, the Seahawks had their best season before 2005, finishing 12–4. Knox won the NFL Coach of the Year Award. In 1988, Ken Behring and partner Ken Hofmann purchased the team for $79 million or $99 million (both numbers have been reported). The Seahawks won their first division

Seattle
three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively

Bowl XL against the Pittsburgh Steelers. The loss was controversial; NFL Films has Super Bowl XL at number 8 on its top ten list of games with controversial referee calls. Referee Bill Leavy later admitted that he missed calls that altered the game. Before 2005, Seattle had the longest drought of playoff victories of any NFL team, dating back to the 1984 season. That drought was ended with a 20–10 win over the Washington Redskins in the 2005 playoffs. In the 2009 NFL season, the Seahawks finished 3rd in the NFC West with a 5-11 record. Shortly after his first

"History of the Seattle Seahawks"
began play in 1976 in the NFC West division but switched conferences with the Buccaneers after one season and joined the AFC West. This realignment was dictated by the league as part of the 1976 expansion plan, so that both expansion teams could play each other twice and every other NFL franchise. Between 1977 and 2002, their division rivals were Denver, San Diego, Kansas City and Oakland. Seattle has won ten division titles in their franchise history: the 1988 and 1999 AFC West titles, and the 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2016 NFC West titles. They have

won the NFC Championship Game thrice in 2005, 2013 and 2014, and lost the AFC Championship Game once in 1983; as a result, they are the only team appear in the both the AFC and NFC Conference Championship games. The Seahawks have one Super Bowl victory in 2013 and two losses (2005 and 2014). Prior to 2005 Seattle had the longest drought of playoff victories of any NFL team, dating back to the 1984 season. That drought was ended with a 20-10 win over the Washington Redskins in the 2005 playoffs. The all-time Seahawks playoff record is 12-12. The Seahawks

Hipponax
Hipponax Hipponax (; ""gen"".: Ἱππώνακτος), of Ephesus and later Clazomenae, was an Ancient Greek iambic poet who composed verses depicting the vulgar side of life in Ionian society in the sixth century BC. He was celebrated by ancient authors for his malicious wit (especially for his attacks on some contemporary sculptors, Bupalus and Athenis), and he was reputed to be physically deformed (a reputation that might have been inspired by the nature of his poetry). Little of his work survives despite its interest to Alexandrian scholars, who collected it in two or three books. He influenced Alexandrian poets searching for

Hipponax
women's chorus in Lysistrata, and ""Wonderful poet, Hipponax!"" Dionysus exclaims in Frogs, while trying to disguise the pain inflicted on himself during a flogging. A quote attributed to Hipponax by Stobaeus actually appears to have been composed by a New Comedy poet. Hipponax Hipponax (; ""gen"".: Ἱππώνακτος), of Ephesus and later Clazomenae, was an Ancient Greek iambic poet who composed verses depicting the vulgar side of life in Ionian society in the sixth century BC. He was celebrated by ancient authors for his malicious wit (especially for his attacks on some contemporary sculptors, Bupalus and Athenis), and he was reputed

Archilochus
utterances directed towards women"", whereby he made ""a spectacle of himself"" (Plutarch ""de curiositate"" 10.520a-b). He was considered ""...a noble poet in other respects if one were to take away his foul mouth and slanderous speech and wash them away like a stain"" (Suda). According to Valerius Maximus, the Spartans banished the works of Archilochus from their state for the sake of their children ""...lest it harm their morals more than it benefited their talents."" Yet some ancient scholars interpreted his motives more sympathetically: The earliest meter in ""extant"" Greek poetry was the epic hexameter of Homer. Homer did not

"Eugenius Vulgarius"
called Auxilius (a pseudonym meaning ""defender""), was also protected. Sergius soon reversed his decree and summoned him to Rome for trial. Eugenius responded to the threat posed by this with a series of fawning verses of praise for Pope Sergius and the city of Rome, ""aurea Roma"" (""golden Rome""), to which the pope (he claimed) had brought renewed glory. He even went so far as to declare the pope's lover, Theodora, ""full of virtue"". Eugenius composed three different pattern poems eulogising the Byzantine emperor Leo VI; one (no. XVI) is in the shape of a pyramid. He credits Leo with

"Alexander Pope"
Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) was an 18th-century English poet. He is best known for his satirical verse, including ""Essay on Criticism"", ""The Rape of the Lock"" and ""The Dunciad"", and for his translation of Homer. He is the second-most frequently quoted writer in ""The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations"" after Shakespeare. Alexander Pope was born to Alexander Pope Senior (1646–1717), a linen merchant of Plough Court, Lombard Street, London, and his wife Edith (née Turner) (1643–1733), who were both Catholics. Edith's sister Christiana was the wife of the famous miniature painter Samuel Cooper. Pope's

Poetaster
Poetaster Poetaster , like rhymester or versifier, is a derogatory term applied to bad or inferior poets. Specifically, ""poetaster"" has implications of unwarranted pretensions to artistic value. The word was coined in Latin by Erasmus in 1521. It was first used in English by Ben Jonson in his 1600 play ""Cynthia's Revels""; immediately afterwards Jonson chose it as the title of his 1601 play ""Poetaster."" In that play the ""poetaster"" character is a satire on John Marston, one of Jonson's rivals in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres. While ""poetaster"" has always been a negative appraisal of a poet's

Timocreon
Timocreon Timocreon of Ialysus in Rhodes (, ""gen"".: Τιμοκρέοντος) was a Greek lyric poet who flourished about 480 BC, at the time of the Persian Wars. His poetry survives only in a very few fragments and he has received less attention from modern scholars than he deserves. He seems to have composed convivial verses for drinking parties. However he is remembered particularly for his bitter clashes with Themistocles and Simonides over the issue of his medizing (siding with the Persian invaders), for which he had been banished from his home around the time of the Greek victory at the Battle

"Sonnet 112"
Sonnet 112 Sonnet 112 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man. It is noted for its compressed and obscure language. The youth's sympathy is such that it conceals the badge of shame on the poet's brow. No-one else's opinion matters, since the youth covers the poet's misdeeds. The poet must learn to take the youth's estimate as the only one worthwhile. All other opinions are consigned to oblivion. His rejection of the rest

Martial
doctors of his day: Martial's epigrams also refer to the extreme cruelty shown to slaves in Roman society. Below, he chides a man named Rufus for flogging his cook for a minor mistake: Martial's epigrams are also characterized by their biting and often scathing sense of wit as well as for their lewdness; this has earned him a place in literary history as the original insult comic. Below is a sample of his more insulting work: Or the following two examples (in translations by Mark Ynys-Mon): The works of Martial became highly valued on their discovery by the Renaissance, whose

Anacreontics
also typical in form; Moore speaks of the necessity of catching ""the careless facility with which Anacreon appears to have trifled,"" as a reason why anacreontics are often tame and worthless. He dwells, moreover, on the absurdity of writing ""pious anacreontics,"" a feat, however, which was performed by several of the Greek Christian poets, and in particular by Gregory of Nazianzus and John of Damascus. Anacreontics Anacreontics are verses in a metre used by the Greek poet Anacreon in his poems dealing with love and wine. His later Greek imitators (whose surviving poems are known as the ""Anacreontea"") took up

Curling at the Winter Olympics Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games. Until 2018, men's and women's events were contested. An additional event, mixed doubles, was rejected for 2010 because the Olympic Programme Commission felt it had not developed enough,

Curling
Royal Montreal Curling Club, the oldest established sports club still active in North America, was established in 1807. The first curling club in the United States was established in 1830, and the sport was introduced to Switzerland and Sweden before the end of the 19th century, also by Scots. Today, curling is played all over Europe and has spread to Brazil, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Korea. The first world championship for curling was limited to men and was known as the ""Scotch Cup"", held in Falkirk and Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1959. The first world title was won by

for each team in each tournament is shown in the following tables. Note: The three medal winners in 1924 were the only teams entered that year. Standings in curling medals won as of the 2018 Winter Olympics. Curling at the Winter Olympics Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added

"Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics"
All games were 18 ends in length. ""Monday 28 January 1924; 10:00 am"" ""Tuesday 29 January 1924; 10:00 am"" ""Wednesday 30 January 1924; 10:00 am"" Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics The curling event at the 1924 Winter Olympics was contested only by men. It is the first curling event in Olympic history. In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed (although the IOC

over the years. Men Women The first two world championships, held as competitions between Scotland and Canada, were held as five-game series between the two nations. Upon the addition of the United States in 1961, the format was changed to a double round robin preliminary round with a three-team knockout round at the conclusion of the round robin. The knockout round was removed for the next two championships. With the addition of more teams, a single round robin preliminary round with a four-team knockout round was implemented in 1971. The championships occurring from 1968 to 1970 included three-team knockout rounds

Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics The curling event at the 1924 Winter Olympics was contested only by men. It is the first curling event in Olympic history. In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed (although the IOC itself had never done so). This official confirmation was the culmination of an investigative campaign begun by the Glasgow-based newspaper ""The Herald"", on behalf of

"Claire Underwood"
and Claire. In season 3, when the Underwoods are President and First Lady of the United States, Claire's marriage to Frank begins to falter. She tires of being in a subordinate role to him, wanting to be ""significant"" in her own right, and decides that he is ""not enough"" for her. She leaves him in the season finale but comes back in the fourth season, treating their marriage as a purely political arrangement to further her own career. When he is shot during a campaign event, Claire privately admits that she feels nothing for him. Throughout the season, she works

"Greenlee Smythe"
they once shared. Greenlee and Aidan are married, but when she uses a tainted bottle of perfume she admits on their honeymoon that she wants to have Ryan's baby still. Aidan leaves Greenlee, who helps Ryan rescue his daughter Emma from Annie, who has become increasingly unstable after she killed Richie. Ryan and Greenlee are both divorced and decide to reunite, and on December 30, 2008, he proposes. She initially turns him down, fearing Annie's increasingly psychotic threats against them, but ultimately accepts. The two decide to marry on the same day as lesbian couple Reese Williams and Bianca Montgomery.

"Claire Morton"
while, but was actually planning on staying there permanently. Vincent keeps on sending her letters, wondering why she has left him. However, Claire never opened one, explaining she doesn't want to have anything to do with him anymore. She decides to work as a doctor in the local hospital and meets Dr. Michael Rossi (Ed Nelson). She falls in love with him, although he is her father's biggest rival. They start dating and Michael urges her to tell her father she is legally married to Vincent. She had never told him about that, fearing he would be disappointed with her.

"Claire Bennet"
must be another way. Nathan flies down in between them at that moment and agrees with his daughter. Claire, Mr. Bennet, Molly, Micah, Mohinder, Matt, Niki and D.L. watch as Nathan flies away with his brother high into the air where Peter then explodes, saving New York City, but possibly sacrificing her birth father and uncle's lives in the process. As the first season ends, Claire reconciles with her adoptive father and they make plans to reunite with the rest of their family. Four months later, 16-year-old Claire and her family have moved to Costa Verde, California, where Claire starts

"Lisa Chappell"
by Chris. Chappell married her husband Chris Taylor in 2001 after they met at her co-star Rachael Carpani's 21st birthday party, they later divorced in 2005. She made the decision to become a vegetarian after joining the cast of ""McLeod's Daughters"". Chappell also supports donating blood and encourages everyone to give blood. She loves to write lyrics and other texts. Lisa Chappell Lisa Irene Chappell (born 18 October 1968) is an actress and musician from Auckland, New Zealand. She is best known for playing Claire McLeod on the Nine Network drama series ""McLeod's Daughters"". Chappell was born and grew up

"Sarah Roberts"
of Cord and DuAnn Demerest, gives birth in February 1991. She and Cord name their daughter Sarah Victoria, after presumed-dead family member Sarah Gordon Buchanan (abducted and apparently killed by Carlo Hesser) and Viki. Cord and Tina return to Llanview and remarry. Cord is later presumed dead in 1992, and both Sarah and her older brother Clinton James ""C.J."" Roberts become attached to their mother's new boyfriend, Cain Rogan. Cord returns in 1993 suffering from post traumatic stress syndrome, but after much intrigue Tina marries Cain in 1994 and leaves town with him. She returns without him soon after, and

"Eva Price"
resulted in the birth of Leanne's son, Oliver. In June 2017, after numerous attempts to encourage him to propose, Eva proposes to Aidan and he accepts. A few weeks later, however, on returning from France early, Eva takes a pregnancy test as her period is late. As she is about to show Leanne the result of the test, a text message from Maria flashes on the television saying how much she wants to see Aidan again. Eva realizes that Maria and Aidan are having an affair. After kicking the television, Eva checks the test, it is positive. Just to be

"Maggie Horton"
in September 2011. During their engagement, Hope comes across a letter from Alice to Maggie, written the day before Alice died. Alice reminds Maggie about an experimental program she and Mickey entered into over thirty years prior, Maggie had attempted to harvest some of her eggs. Eventually she and Mickey abandoned the project, though the eggs were preserved. It was revealed that Daniel Jonas was her biological son, a product of these missing eggs. This also makes Melanie Layton her granddaughter. On November 8, 2011, Victor and Maggie get married. That Christmas Julie tells Maggie that she will always be

"Louise Appleton"
a race against time, Bob and Terry found Jamie as the villagers threw an impromptu going away party to stall Louise’s exit. However, Terry’s car broke down on the way back and they had to take Jamie's ice cream van. Back in the village, Jamie was a no-show and Louise prepared to leave in a horse-drawn carriage. However, Jamie arrived at the last second and begged Louise to marry him. Louise agreed and they left for Australia together. In June 2009, Jamie returned from a visit to Australia, despondent, as Louise was now with a man who, according to Val,

"McLeod's Daughters (season 4)"
the strength to rebuild her life and take control of the Drovers' legacy. She faces challenges including her relationship and marriage with Nick, Peter returning for custody of Charlotte, working Stevie and accepting her as her partner on Drover's, and being the glue that holds Drover's together. Stevie deals with settling down on Drover's and finding the strength to build a relationship with her daughter, Rose, who believes Stevie is her aunt. Stevie's ex-husband returns to win her back, but budding relationships with newcomer Kane Morgan and with Alex make her realize that her marriage is in the past. Tess

"Skoraeus Stonebones"
himself below the world and ignore everything apart from himself and his people. When he absolutely has to, he'll deal with the gods of the dwarves and svirfneblin. He is allied with Dumathoin, and has been occasionally known to consort with the gods of the svirfneblin. In many campaign settings, the giantish pantheon of gods consists of the leader Annam, as well as Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis, Karontor, Memnor, Skoraeus Stonebones, and Stronmaus. Other powers worshipped by giants or giant-type creatures include Baphomet, Kostchtchie, and Vaprak. Skoreaus is the son of Annam. His siblings and half-siblings include Diancastra, Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis,

"Oberyn Martell"
ruler of the southern principality of Dorne. He is a hot-headed, forceful, and lustful man with a quick wit and a barbed tongue. He is a formidable fighter, and is nicknamed ""the Red Viper"" due to his preference for red clothing, as well as the rumor of him using poisoned weapons in duels. He has travelled the world, served in the famous mercenary company Second Sons before founding a company of his own, and briefly studied poisons and dark arts as a novice at the Citadel, managing to obtain six links of the maester's chain before quitting due to boredom.

Grolantor
one of the third generation of giant gods, disdainfully called the ""runts"" by their elders - the other is Karontor. His mother is an unnamed sky goddess. He was banished to Carceri by his father Annam for allying himself with treacherous Memnor, but now that Annam has retreated from the rest of the multiverse, the ban no longer applies. He now splits his time between Carceri and the Abyss. Grolantor is evil second and stupid first, disowned by his brothers for his foolishness and relative weakness. Some say he created the race of hill giants by collecting and interbreeding the

Legolas
agility as an elf. He is attracted to the elf Tauriel (a character created for the film trilogy), but Thranduil disapproves of her as a proper match for his son. Following the capture of Thorin's band in Mirkwood, Legolas gains possession of Thorin's Elven-forged sword Orcrist, which he wields for the rest of the film and the larger part of """" (in which Gandalf addresses him at one point as ""Legolas Greenleaf""). In the latter film, he kills Bolg before Bolg can kill Tauriel, and is afterwards sent by his father to track down the Dúnedan ranger named ""Strider"". Legolas

"Dwarf (Warhammer)"
at the polar north, Caledor began to devise a plan to trap the power of Chaos in a vast vortex, and returned to Ulthuan to plan his endeavour. Grimnir, upon learning of the Chaos Gate from Caledor, decided to journey northwards and close the gate himself. Though Grungni and Valaya warned him such an endeavour might not succeed and he would surely die, Grimnir replied it was worth the risk. Shaving his hair and beard except for a mohawk, he gave one of his mighty axes to his son Morgrim and journeyed northwards to close the Gate. He was never

"Dwarf (Dungeons & Dragons)"
pantheon of gods consists of the leader Moradin, as well as Abbathor, Berronar Truesilver, Clanggedin Silverbeard, Dugmaren Brightmantle, Dumathoin, Muamman Duathal, and Vergadain. Other dwarven gods may be present in different campaign settings. Dwarves get along well with gnomes, who are often regarded as close cousins of the dwarven race. Dwarves are accepting of humans, half-elves and halflings. Dwarves often do not get to know humans well as they live longer than the average human, and prefer to become friendly with the human's family in general. Dwarves do not trust half-orcs, and fail to appreciate elves, with whom they only

"Dwarfs (Discworld)"
than normal humans, nearly always bearded (with the exception of Count Casanunda and Mad in XXXX), and live to about 300. Despite this, the dividing line between dwarfs and humans seems somewhat blurred, and Pratchett has hinted that humans and dwarfs can interbreed; for example, Nanny Ogg's thick skull is put down to dwarfish ancestry. It may be moot, as Dwarfs see their dwarfishness as a matter of culture rather than genetics or height. Hence, Captain Carrot Ironfoundersson is accepted as a dwarf, despite being a -foot-tall human. As Tolkien implied of his dwarves, Discworld dwarfs of both sexes have

He is bisexual and has eight illegitimate daughters, collectively known as the ""Sand Snakes"". He was very close to his older sister Elia, and seeks revenge for her death. Oberyn Martell is not a point of view character in the novels, and is mostly a background character. His actions are directly witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of Tyrion Lannister, with some mentioning via the chapters of Arianne Martell and Areo Hotah. In ""A Storm of Swords"", Oberyn leads a Dornish envoy to King's Landing to claim the seat on the small council on Prince Doran Martell's behalf and obtain

Stronmaus
inherited some of his father's fickle lusts, and may send avatars simply to woo and seduce beautiful female giants. In many campaign settings, the giantish pantheon of gods consists of the leader Annam, as well as Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis, Karontor, Memnor, Skoraeus Stonebones, and Stronmaus. Other powers worshipped by giants or giant-type creatures include Baphomet, Kostchtchie, and Vaprak. Stronmaus is the eldest son of Annam and thus the default leader of the giantish pantheon since Annam's withdrawal, though he does not covet his father's power. He will happily defer to Annam the moment the creator god returns. Stronmaus' closest relationship

Grolantor
Ground"" (1996). His role in the giant pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting is detailed in ""Giantcraft"" (1995). Grolantor was described briefly in ""Defenders of the Faith"" (2000). His priesthood is detailed for 3rd edition in ""Complete Divine"" (2004). Grolantor looks like a hill giant, wearing several belts of woven dwarf beards. He wields an oversized club named ""Dwarfcrusher"". In many campaign settings, the giantish pantheon of gods consists of the leader Annam, as well as Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis, Karontor, Memnor, Skoraeus Stonebones, and Stronmaus. Other powers worshipped by giants or giant-type creatures include Baphomet, Kostchtchie, and Vaprak. Grolantor is

"Victoria & Abdul"
kneeling at a large statue of the Queen close to the Taj Mahal, talking to it and kissing its feet in respect. On 17 June 2016, it was reported that Judi Dench would play Queen Victoria in ""Victoria & Abdul"", a film based on the book of the same name by Shrabani Basu. Stephen Frears was set to direct. Dench had also portrayed Victoria in the 1997 film ""Mrs Brown"". On 5 August 2016, it was announced that Ali Fazal would play Victoria's confidant Abdul Karim, while the film would be co-produced by Working Title Films and BBC Films, and

Victoria & Abdul Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 British biographical drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Lee Hall. The film is based on the book of same name by Shrabani Basu, about the real-life relationship between Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her Indian Muslim servant Abdul Karim. It stars Judi Dench, Ali Fazal, Michael Gambon, Eddie Izzard, Tim Pigott-Smith and Adeel Akhtar. The film had its world premiere at the 74th Venice Film Festival, and was theatrically released on 15 September 2017 in the United Kingdom. It has grossed over $65 million worldwide. The

co-financed by BBC and Focus Features. Focus also handles U.S. distribution rights, while Universal Pictures International handles all other countries. The script was written by Lee Hall, and the producers are Beeban Kidron, Tracey Seaward, Tim Bevan, and Eric Fellner, while the other cast includes Eddie Izzard, Michael Gambon, Tim Pigott-Smith, and Adeel Akhtar. Principal photography on the film began on 15 September 2016, at Victoria's former royal residence Osborne House on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom. Costumes from the production were on display at Osborne House, from 24 July until 30 September 2017. To capitalise on

reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site’s critical consensus reads, """"Victoria & Abdul"" reunites Dame Judi Dench with the role of Queen Victoria — which is all this period drama needs to overcome its imbalanced narrative."" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". In the ""Women's Voices for Change"", Alexandra MacAaron, who rated the movie eight out of ten, wrote that ""Judi Dench's Oscar-worthy second turn as Queen Victoria is a poignant portrait of fading power and human connection."" Christopher Orr's response

"Judi Dench"
Also in 2017, Dench reprised the role of Queen Victoria when she headlined Stephen Frears's ""Victoria & Abdul"". The biographical comedy-drama depicts the real-life relationship between the monarch and her Indian Muslim servant Abdul Karim, played by opposite Ali Fazal. While the film was met with lukewarm reviews for its ""imbalanced narrative"", Dench earned specific praise for her performance, earning the actress her 12th Golden Globe nomination. Dench's last film that year was Kenneth Branagh's ""Murder on the Orient Express"", based on the 1934 novel of the same name by Agatha Christie. The mystery–drama ensemble film follows world-renowned detective Hercule

film was nominated for Best Costume Design and Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 90th Academy Awards, and Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy (for Dench) at the 75th Golden Globe Awards. Abdul Karim, a young prison clerk from Agra, British Raj, is instructed to travel to England for Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887 to present her with a mohur, a gold coin which has been minted as a token of appreciation from British-ruled India. The Queen, who is lonely and tired of her fawning courtiers, develops an interest in and later a friendship with

rated the film two out of five, describing Abdul's character as ""disappointingly servile"" and criticising the plot as ""decent material for a knockabout farce"", but praising Dench as ""predictably brilliant"". In his 4-out-of-4-rated review, Rex Reed in the ""New York Observer"" wrote: ""Judi Dench gives a touching, majestic performance"" and, complimenting the script and direction, he said that ""every scene is gorgeous to look at, every shot magnificently detailed and richly framed. And the exemplary performances are as good as it gets in movies today."" Victoria & Abdul Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 British biographical drama film directed by

from ""The Atlantic"" was positive, and he wrote """"Victoria & Abdul"" is worth seeing for Dench's magisterial performance and for Frears's light but sure directorial touch. Just don't mistake it for actual history."" Writing for ""The Independent"", Amrou Al-Kadhi was highly critical: ""Films like ""Victoria & Abdul"" seek to absolve our barbaric behaviour in colonised countries."" He criticised the white-washing of the British Raj and the ""offensive two-dimensionality"" of Abdul's character, who is shown kissing the feet of Queen Victoria and expressing gratitude for being among the ""glorious people"" of the British Empire. In the ""Daily Express"", critic Andy Lea

"Delena Kidd"
Grenvilles"" and most recently ""Holby City"" in 2013. Her films include ""Room at the Top"". She is married to the actor Gary Raymond. The couple met on a production at the Oxford Playhouse and 56 years later they again appeared on stage together in Oxford at the Burton Taylor Studio. Delena Kidd Delena Kidd (born 11 February 1935) is an English actress who has appeared in numerous British television productions since the late 1950s. In recent years she is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Queen Adelaide in ""Victoria & Albert"". Her father was a doctor and her mother

"Ali Fazal"
the leading role in the horror ""Khamoshiyan"" (2015) followed by his first American film ""Furious 7"" (2015). He also played an important role in ""Happy Bhag Jayegi"", opposite ""Diana Penty"" in 2016. Fazal has also starred in the British-American film ""Victoria & Abdul"", which depicts the relationship of Queen Victoria (Judi Dench) and her confidant, Indian servant Abdul Karim (Fazal). The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2017. The costumes worn by the lead actors in the film have been added as part of the official display at Osborne House, the former residence of the Queen of England.

"The Grapes of Wrath"
The Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the

by the Dust Bowl, the family has defaulted on their bank loans, and their farm has been repossessed. Consequently, the Joads see no option but to seek work in California, described in handbills as fruitful and offering high pay. The Joads put everything they have into making the journey. Although leaving Oklahoma would violate his parole, Tom decides it is worth the risk, and invites Casy to join him and his family. Traveling west on Route 66, the Joad family find the road crowded with other migrants. In makeshift camps, they hear many stories from others, some returning from California,

Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California. Along with thousands of other ""Okies"", they seek jobs, land, dignity, and a future. ""The Grapes of Wrath"" is frequently read in American high school and college literature classes due to its historical context and enduring legacy. A celebrated Hollywood film version, starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford, was released in 1940. The narrative begins just after Tom Joad is paroled from McAlester prison, where he had been imprisoned after being convicted of homicide. On his return to his home near Sallisaw, Oklahoma, Tom meets former preacher Jim Casy, whom

"The Grapes of Wrath (film)"
opportunities for the family members. The film is widely considered as one of the greatest American films of all time. In 1989, this film was one of the first 25 films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" The film opens with Tom Joad (Henry Fonda), released from prison and hitchhiking his way back to his parents' family farm in Oklahoma. Tom finds an itinerant ex-preacher named Jim Casy (John Carradine) sitting under a tree by the side of the road. Casy was

he remembers from his childhood, and the two travel together. When they arrive at Tom's childhood farm home, they find it deserted. Disconcerted and confused, Tom and Casy meet their old neighbor, Muley Graves, who tells them the family has gone to stay at Uncle John Joad's home nearby. Graves tells them that the banks have evicted all the farmers, but he refuses to leave the area. The next morning, Tom and Casy go to Uncle John's. Tom finds his family loading their remaining possessions into a Hudson Motor Car Company sedan converted to a truck; with their crops destroyed

"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)"
featured guest baritone Robert Orth reprising his role of Uncle John, which he sang with the premiere cast in 2007. Opera Theatre of St. Louis premiered a reduced, two-act version of the opera in May 2017. For this new version, the composer said that he went for ""a more cinematic approach"" and ""even wrote some new music."" Production team ""Setting: Oklahoma, Southwestern United States, and California in the mid-1930s"" Prologue The sharecroppers recall the devastation of their native Oklahoma lands, brought about by drought and economic depression. Act 1 Having been released early from prison on parole for good behavior,

and the group worries about lessening prospects. The family dwindles as well: Grandpa dies along the road, and they bury him in a field; Grandma dies close to the California state line; and both Noah (the eldest Joad son) and Connie Rivers (the husband of the pregnant Joad daughter, Rose of Sharon) leave the family. Led by Ma, the remaining members realize they can only continue, as nothing is left for them in Oklahoma. Reaching California, they find the state oversupplied with labor; wages are low, and workers are exploited to the point of starvation. The big corporate farmers are

Rosa, all in New Mexico; Thousand Oaks, Lamont, Needles, San Fernando Valley, all in California; Topock, Petrified Forest National Park, all in Arizona. The film score by Alfred Newman is based on the song ""Red River Valley"". Additionally, the song ""Goin' Down The Road Feelin' Bad"" is sung in a nighttime scene at a labor camp. The film premiered in New York City on January 24, 1940, and Los Angeles on January 27, 1940. The wide release date in the United States was March 15, 1940. Frank Nugent of ""The New York Times"" wrote: In the vast library where the

the red-baiting common to the era, Darryl Zanuck sent private investigators to Oklahoma to help him legitimize the film. When Zanuck's investigators found that the ""Okies'"" predicament was indeed terrible, Zanuck was confident he could defend political attacks that the film was somehow pro-Communist. Ebert believes that World War II also helped sell the film's message, as Communism received a brief respite from American demonizing during that period. Production on the film began on October 4, 1939, and was completed on November 16, 1939. Some of the filming locations include: McAlester, Sayre both in Oklahoma; Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, and Santa

too prosperous."" After some trouble with a so-called ""agitator"", the Joads leave the camp in a hurry. The Joads make their way to another migrant camp, the Keene Ranch. After doing some work in the fields, they discover the high food prices in the company store for meat and other products. The store is the only one in the area, by a long shot. Later they find a group of migrant workers are striking, and Tom wants to find out all about it. He goes to a secret meeting in the dark woods. When the meeting is discovered, Casy is

"Drop It Like It's Hot"
from December 10, 2004, making it Snoop Dogg's first number one on the chart. It was also his fourth top-ten as a solo artist, first since 2003's ""Beautiful"" (1993's ""What's My Name?"" and 1994's ""Gin and Juice"" was the others). The song also gave him his first number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It also peaked at number one for four consecutive weeks in New Zealand, and number ten in the UK Singles Chart. It gained some critical attention for its minimal, extremely sparse production, consisting of tongue clicks, keyboards, a drum machine beat and white noise. It

been used in various songs since the 1990s. It is a metaphorical description of a dance move commonly performed by women, and is performed by various women throughout the music video. It was used in Positive K's 1992 album ""The Skills Dat Pay Da Bills"", in the song ""Ain't No Crime."" It was also used by Lil Wayne as a guest rapper on Juvenile's 1999 hit single ""Back That Azz Up"" from his album ""400 Degreez"", and in his own song called ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" from his 1999 debut album ""Tha Block is Hot"" featuring B.G. and Mannie

was nominated at the Grammy Awards of 2005 for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, though it lost both awards to the songs ""Jesus Walks"" and ""Let's Get It Started"", respectively. The single was Pharrell's biggest hit worldwide, until 2013's ""Get Lucky"" and ""Blurred Lines"" (his highest peaking single as lead artist is ""Happy""). On December 10, 2009, ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" was named the most popular ""Rap Song"" of the decade by ""Billboard"". The phrase ""drop it like it's hot"" was already in common use before the song was released, and had

at the 2006 MTV Australia Video Music Awards and a MOBO Award for Best Video in 2005. There are two radio edits for the song: one is a standard radio edit that removes profanities and drug references while the other is an ""Extra Clean"" edit that removes phrases with gun and gang references (and the word ""roll"" from the chorus) as well. ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" was the highest-ranking debut for the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart dated October 2, 2004, entering the chart at number 51. The song topped the US ""Billboard Hot"" 100 for three weeks from December

Drop It Like It's Hot ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" is a hit single by American rapper Snoop Dogg featuring American singer and producer Pharrell. Snoop Dogg performs the chorus and the second and third verses, while Pharrell performs the first verse. Pharrell's verse includes a line from ""Raspy Shit"" (a song from his debut album ""In My Mind""), which was produced by The Neptunes and contains vocal samples from Laid Back's ""White Horse"". Part of ""White Horse""'s production is sampled in ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" as well. The song topped the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for three weeks

10, 2004. The song topped at number one in Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, Rap Songs, Rhythmic Songs, Digital Songs and Hot 100 Airplay Since its release the song has been certified Gold by the RIAA. The Mastertone version received certification of double platinum by the RIAA. The song topped the Recorded Music NZ for four weeks, making it Snoop Dogg's first number one on the chart. The single ten on the UK Singles Chart, and reached on the top ten in several countries. !scope=""row""|United States (RIAA) Drop It Like It's Hot ""Drop It Like It's Hot"" is a hit

2002 EP ""Bands Like It When You Yell ""Yar!"" at Them"". The line was also spoken in the 2000 film ""Big Momma's House"". The music video of the single was shot in black-and-white. It was directed by Paul Hunter. It shows Snoop Dogg doing the dance step known as the Crip Walk in the very beginning and end. The video included both of Snoop Dogg's sons, Corde and Cordell. Other appearances in the video include Terry Kennedy, Lauren London, Pharrell Williams' fellow Neptunes member Chad Hugo, and Pusha T. The video won the award for the best hip hop video

Fresh. Clark Kent said ""drop it like it's hot"" in the song ""Cashmere Thoughts"" from Jay-Z's 1996 debut album, ""Reasonable Doubt"". DJ Quik used the phrase in the song ""Sexuality"" from his album ""Balance & Options"". Another song with the same name is ""Drop It Like It's Hot"", but it's sung by the Big Tymers, and featuring Chilli, Juvenile, & Lac. This version of the song was featured in the Big Tymers predecessor of their debut, How You Luv That Vol. 2. Outside of hip-hop, it was also the title of a song on indie rock band Minus the Bear's

"Get Down on It"
Get Down on It ""Get Down on It"" is a 1981 song by American band Kool & the Gang. It was originally released on their ""Something Special"" album in 1981. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA. The song hit the top 10 of the US Pop and R&B charts in ""Billboard"" in early 1982. It entered the UK charts in December 1981 and reached number three, their highest-charting hit in the UK at that time. It spent a total of 12 weeks on the British play list. Ten years later, it was re-released in the UK charts –

"Cool It Now"
Cool It Now ""Cool It Now"" is a 1984 hit single by American group New Edition, and is the first single from their eponymous second album, ""New Edition"". In the US, the song entered the Hot Black Singles chart on September 1, 1984. The song peaked at number 4 in January 1985 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. With the group now signed to MCA Records, ""Cool It Now"" (and the album from which it came) was given more extensive and widespread promotion than any single from their previous album (which had been released through a smaller, independent label), and

"Youth Day"
first Sunday of July every year in Singapore. The next day will normally be a scheduled school holiday. (Original date: 4th July) Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976. It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools. The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson, a black schoolchild shot by the police,

"International Day of the African Child"
International Day of the African Child The Day of the African Child has been celebrated on June 16 every year since 1991,when it was first initiated by the OAU Organisation of African Unity. It honors those who participated in the Soweto Uprising in 1976 on that day. It also raises awareness of the continuing need for improvement of the education provided to African children. In Soweto, South Africa, on June 16, 1976, about ten thousand black school children marched in a column more than half a mile long, protesting the poor quality of their education and demanding their right to

Youth Day Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country. It is observed by 18 countries, on many different dates throughout the year. The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999. International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations.The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999. Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do. On April 14, Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji-ya-Henda, who was killed on that day during the

"Africa Day"
Ban Ki-moon in which he said, ""Let us... intensify our efforts to provide Africa’s women with better access to education, work and healthcare and, by doing so, accelerate Africa’s transformation"". Africa Day Africa Day (formerly African Freedom Day and African Liberation Day) is the annual commemoration of the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) (now known as the African Union) on 25 May 1963. It is celebrated in various countries on the African continent, as well as around the world. The First Congress of Independent African States was held in Accra, Ghana on 15 April 1958. It was

"Freedom Day (South Africa)"
Holidays Act (No. 36 of 1994). On the first commemoration of the holiday, President Nelson Mandela addressed Parliament: As dawn ushered in this day, the 27th of April 1994, few of us could suppress the welling of emotion, as we were reminded of the terrible past from which we come as a nation; the great possibilities that we now have; and the bright future that beckons us. And so we assemble here today, and in other parts of the country, to mark a historic day in the life of our nation. Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts

"Founders Day (South Africa)"
the subsequent new constitution. Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day (""Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag"") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise

Africa Day Africa Day (formerly African Freedom Day and African Liberation Day) is the annual commemoration of the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) (now known as the African Union) on 25 May 1963. It is celebrated in various countries on the African continent, as well as around the world. The First Congress of Independent African States was held in Accra, Ghana on 15 April 1958. It was convened by Prime Minister of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, and comprised representatives from Egypt (then a constituent part of the United Arab Republic), Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia

"Scouts South Africa"
Scouts South Africa Scouts South Africa is the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) recognised Scout association in South Africa. Scouting began in the United Kingdom in 1907 through the efforts of Robert Baden-Powell and rapidly spread to South Africa, with the first Scout troops appearing in 1908. South Africa has contributed many traditions and symbols to World Scouting. Scouts South Africa caters for youth and young adults from the ages of 7 through 30. It is split into three sections, Cubs, Scouts, and Rovers, with each section serving a different age group, and concentrating on different areas of

"International Men's Day"
good governance. YCI and Faraja provided an on-site HIV testing centre, a DJ with music and dancing throughout the day, and drama group performances on the key objectives of International Men's Day. Plans exist for the Tanzanian Men's Rights Organisation (TAMRA) to celebrate International men's day in 2013. International Men's Day was inaugurated in Zimbabwe on 19 November 2011. The commemorations were held at Chibuku Stadium in Chitungwiza under the theme Giving The Boy Child The Best Possible Start In Life. Fred Misi, the chairman of Men's Forum Varume Svinurai/Vhukhani said the commemorations came at a time when attention was

"Mandela Day"
Mandela Day Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year on 18 July, Mandela's birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups began celebrating Mandela Day on 18 July 2009. On 27 April 2009, the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation invited the global community to join them in support of an official Mandela Day. Mandela Day is not meant as a public holiday, but as a day

"Names of China"
nominally the political leader of the entire world and not merely the leader of a nation-state within the world. Historically the term was connected to the later Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE), especially the Spring and Autumn period (eighth to fourth century BCE) and the Warring States period (from there to 221 BCE, when China was reunified by the Qin state). ""Jiangshan"" (; ) literally means ""Rivers and mountains"". This term is quite similar in usage to Tianxia, and simply refers to the entire world, and here the most prominent features of which being rivers and mountains. Use of this

Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. There are also names for China that are derived from the languages of other ethnic groups other than the Han; examples include ""Cathay"" from the Khitan language and ""Tabgach"" from Tuoba. ""Zhōngguó"" is the most common sinitic name for China in modern times. The first appearance of on an artifact was in the Western Zhou on a ritual vessel known as He zun. It is formed by combining the characters ""zhōng"" () meaning ""central"" or ""middle"", and ""guó"" (/), representing ""state"" or ""states""; in contemporary usage, ""nation"". Prior to the Qin unification of China, ""Zhongguo"" referred

Until the 19th century when the international system came to require a common legal language, there was no need for a fixed or unique name. There were different usages of the term ""Zhongguo"" in every period. It could refer to the capital of the emperor to distinguish it from the capitals of his vassals, as in Western Zhou. It could refer to the states of the Central Plain to distinguish them from states in outer regions. During the Han dynasty, three usages of ""Zhongguo"" were common. The ""Shi Jing"" explicitly defines ""Zhongguo"" as the capital; the ""Records of the Grand

that China referred to itself as Zhonghua in response to a European who asked why Chinese used the term guizi to refer to all Europeans. In the 20th century after the May Fourth Movement, educated students began to spread the concept of ""Zhōnghuá"" (/), which represented the people, including 56 minority ethnic groups and the Han Chinese, with a single culture identifying themselves as ""Chinese"". The Republic of China and the People's Republic of China both used the title ""Zhōnghuá"" in their official names. Thus, ""Zhōngguó"" became the common name for both governments. Overseas Chinese are referred to as ""huáqiáo""

Names of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as ""Zhōngguó"" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also generally thought that the ultimate source of the name China is the Chinese word ""Qin"" (), the name of the dynasty that unified

a Central Asian language. Some Chinese and Indian scholars argued for the state of Jing (, another name for Chu) as the likely origin of the name. Another suggestion, made by Geoff Wade, is that the "" Cīnāh"" in Sanskrit texts refers to an ancient kingdom centered in present-day Guizhou, called Yelang, in the south Tibeto-Burman highlands. The inhabitants referred to themselves as ""Zina"" according to Wade. The term ""China"" can also be used to refer to: In economic contexts, ""Greater China"" (/, ""dà Zhōnghuá dìqū"") is intended to be a neutral and non-political way to refer to Mainland China,

"Chinese name"
during the late Spring and Autumn period, but the process took several centuries to complete, and it was not until the late Han dynasty (1st and 2nd centuries AD) that all Chinese commoners had surnames. Although there are currently over 4,000 Chinese surnames (, ""xìng"") in use in China, the colloquial expression for the ""Chinese people"" is Bǎixìng (百姓) ""Hundred Surnames"", and a mere hundred surnames still make up over 85% of China's 1.3 billion citizens. In fact, just the top three—Wang (王), Li (), and Zhang (張)—cover more than 20% of the population. This homogeneity results from the great

Persons"", often rendered in English as Han Chinese, is used by the People's Republic of China to refer to the most populous of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups of China. The ""Han Chinese"" are simply referred to as ""Chinese"" by some. The name ""Tang"" (; ) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907) that presided over China's second golden age. It was during the Tang Dynasty that South China was finally and fully Sinicized; Tang would become synonymous with China in Southern China and it is usually Southern Chinese who refer to themselves as """"Tang ren"""" (, ). For example,

also commonly found on medieval maps. However, the Chinese themselves considered ""Manzi"" to be derogatory and never used it as a self appellation. Names of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as ""Zhōngguó"" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also

China but also existed as a state for many centuries prior. There are however other alternative suggestions for the origin of the word. Chinese names for China, aside from ""Zhongguo"", include ""Zhōnghuá"" (/), ""Huáxià"" (/), ""Shénzhōu"" () and ""Jiǔzhōu"" (). ""Hàn"" (/) and ""Táng"" () are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity. The People's Republic of China () and Republic of China () are the official names for the two contemporary sovereign states currently claiming sovereignty over the traditional area of China. ""Mainland China"" is used to refer to areas under the jurisdiction by the PRC usually excluding Hong

"Georgia (U.S. state)"
statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Superior Courts, State Courts, Juvenile Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected to four-year terms by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction. Georgia consists of 159 counties, second only to Texas, with 254. Georgia had 161 counties until the end of 1931, when Milton and Campbell were merged into the existing Fulton.

"Government of Georgia (U.S. state)"
Court of Appeals serve for terms of six years. Judges of other courts serve for terms of four years. The Georgia Constitution grants cities and counties a significant amount of home rule authority. Georgia is divided into 159 counties, more than any other U.S. state except Texas. Among all counties, 149 of them are governed by a committee made of between three and eleven commissioners. The other 10 counties are overseen by a single commissioner. All commissioners are elected by the voters of their county for terms that range between two and six years with most counties having terms lasting

"Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)"
a direct hurricane strike. Georgia has 500 cities in 159 counties with 13 congressional districts. 149 of the 159 in the state are governed by a committee of around three to eleven commissioners while the other 10 are overseen by a single commissioner. Most of the 536 cities are governed by a mayor-council system. Georgia has almost eight million acres (32,000 km²) of prime farmland while over 60% of the land is made up of pine forests. Georgia has 70,150 miles (112,900 km) of streams and rivers, 425,000 acres (1,720 km2) of lakes, and approximately 4,500,000 acres (18,000 km2) of

next to the Cumberland Mall, and a single rail station in Clayton County at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. MARTA also operates a separate paratransit service for disabled customers. , the average total daily ridership for the system (bus and rail) was 482,500 passengers. The state has 151 general hospitals, over 15,000 doctors and almost 6,000 dentists. The state is ranked forty-first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise. Atlanta, located in north-central Georgia at the Eastern Continental Divide, has been Georgia's capital city since 1868. It is the most populous city in Georgia, with just over 420,000

Some counties have been named for prominent figures in both American and Georgian history, and many bear names with Native American origin. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Several counties have a sole Commissioner form of government, with legislative and executive authority vested in a single person. Georgia is the only state with current Sole Commissioner counties. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with ""home rule"" authority. The county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county, as a

Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while members of the House of Representatives select their own Speaker. The Georgia Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. The term of office for senators and representatives is two years. The laws enacted by the General Assembly are codified in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated. State judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have

school boards with members elected at the local level. , all but 19 of 181 boards are elected from single-member districts. Residents and activist groups in Fayette County, Georgia sued the board of commissioners and school board for maintaining an election system based on at-large voting, which tended to increase the power of the majority and effectively prevented minority participation on elected local boards for nearly 200 years. A change to single-member districts has resulted in the African-American minority being able to elect representatives of its choice. Georgia high schools (grades nine through twelve) are required to administer a standardized,

a single commissioner. All commissioners are elected by the voters of their county for terms that range between two and six years with most counties having terms lasting four years. Serving members wield both executive and legislative power in their county. Most of the 536 cities in Georgia are governed by a mayor-council system. All municipalities in the state are considered cities. There are no lesser incorporations such as towns, villages, or boroughs. Most basic public services rendered outside of the cities are provided by the counties. Georgia has almost eight million acres (32,000 km²) of prime farmland while over

residents in 2010. The Atlanta metropolitan area is the cultural and economic center of the Southeast; its population in 2010 was 5,268,860, or 53.6% of Georgia's total. Atlanta is the nation's ninth largest metropolitan area. The state has fourteen other cities with populations above 50,000 (based on 2017 U.S. Census estimates). In descending order of size, they are Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Savannah, Athens, Sandy Springs, Roswell, Johns Creek, Warner Robins, Albany, Alpharetta, Marietta, Smyrna, and Valdosta. Along with the rest of the Southeast, Georgia's population continues to grow rapidly, with primary gains concentrated in urban areas. The population of the

"Georgia's congressional districts"
Georgia's congressional districts Georgia is represented in the United States House of Representatives by 14 elected representatives, each campaigning and receiving votes in only one district of the 14. After the 2000 Census, the State of Georgia was divided into 13 Congressional Districts, increasing from 11 due to reapportionment. The state was redistricted again in 2005, and 2007, although the number of districts remained 13. In 2013, the number of representatives increased again with rising population to 14 members. List of members of the Georgian United States House delegation, their time in office, district maps, and the districts' political ratings

"Mercy (GOOD Music song)"
Mercy (GOOD Music song) ""Mercy"" (stylized as “Mercy.1” on the album) is a song by American hip hop GOOD Music rappers Kanye West, Big Sean and Pusha T along with their Def Jam label-mate, southern rapper 2 Chainz. The song, released April 3, 2012, serves as the lead single from the compilation album ""Cruel Summer"" (2012). The song's production was handled by Lifted, with additional production from West, Mike Dean and Mike Will Made It, and additional instrumentation from Hudson Mohawke. The song heavily samples the dancehall song ""Dust a Sound Boy"" by Super Beagle. The song received mostly positive

"Mercy (Shawn Mendes song)"
Mercy (Shawn Mendes song) ""Mercy"" is a song by Canadian singer and songwriter Shawn Mendes. It was co-written by Mendes with Ilsey Juber, Danny Parker and Teddy Geiger, with the latter handling the song's production with Jake Gosling. It was released on August 18, 2016, through Island Records as the third promotional single, and later as the second single on October 18, 2016, from his second studio album, ""Illuminate"" (2016). ""Mercy"" is written in the key of B minor with a common time tempo of 144 to 152 beats per minute. Mendes's vocals span from B to A in the

"Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song)"
Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song) ""Mercy, Mercy"" (sometimes referred to as ""Have Mercy"") is a soul song first recorded by American singer/songwriter Don Covay in 1964. It established Covay's recording career and influenced later vocal and guitar styles. The songwriting is usually credited to Covay and Ron Alonzo Miller, although other co-writers' names have also appeared on various releases. In late 1964, the song became a hit, reaching number one on the ""Cash Box"" R&B chart and number 35 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Several artists have recorded ""Mercy, Mercy"", including a well-known version by the Rolling Stones in 1965.

"A Mercy"
religion in the culture of the different colonies, along with their attitudes toward slavery. All these characters are bereft of their roots, struggling to survive in a new and alien environment filled with danger and disease. When smallpox threatens Rebekka's life, Florens, now 16, is sent to find a black freedman who has some knowledge of herbal medicines. Her journey is dangerous, ultimately proving to be the turning point in her life. Morrison examines the roots of racism going back to slavery's earliest days, providing glimpses of the various religious practices of the time, and showing the relationship between men

"Mercy (Brett Young song)"
Mercy (Brett Young song) ""Mercy"" is a song written by Brett Young and Sean McConnell and Brian Nicky and Paul Wayne Pierce recorded by Young for his eponymous debut studio album (2017). It was released to country radio February 20, 2018 as the album's fourth single. The song has peaked at numbers two and one on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, respectively. In Canada, the song reached number eight on the Canada Country airplay chart. An accompanying music video was directed by Seth Kupersmith and co-stars Tiffany Brouwer. ""Mercy"" has sold 425,000 copies in the United

"Mercy, Mercy, Mercy"
chord progression is mainly made of dominant-seventh chords on the first, fourth and fifth degrees, giving the song a bluesy feeling although it does not follow a typical blues progression. The subdominant (IV) chord in the beginning section emphasizes this bluesy feeling. In the second section, the tonic chord alternates with a second-inversion subdominant chord, creating a parallel to the I-IV-V progression (in which the tonic moves to the subdominant). Mercy, Mercy, Mercy ""Mercy, Mercy, Mercy"" is a jazz song written by Joe Zawinul in 1966 for Julian ""Cannonball"" Adderley and his album ""Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club'"".

"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
the song as the B-side to the single ""You Only Live Once"", featuring Eddie Vedder and Josh Homme. Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) ""Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"" was the second single from Marvin Gaye's 1971 album, ""What's Going On"". Following the breakthrough of the title track's success, the song, written solely by Gaye, became regarded as one of popular music's most poignant anthems of sorrow regarding the environment. Led by Gaye playing piano, strings conducted by Paul Riser and David Van De Pitte, multi-tracking vocals from Gaye and The Andantes, multiple background instruments provided by The Funk Brothers and

"Oh Mercy"
new vocals (and other overdubs) for almost all the tracks the following month. The album opens with ""Political World"", a song that Dylan described in ""Chronicles Volume One"" as a ""catalog of troubles...almost an update on 'With God on Our Side.'"" A cranky tirade against the modern world, it begins with the verse, ""We live in a political world/Love don't have any place/We live in a time where men commit crime/And crime don't have a face"", to which AllMusic critic Thomas Ward commented, ""… which leaves one to argue, which age does this not apply to?"" Ward criticised the song's

"Mercy Me"
Mercy Me ""Mercy Me"" is a song by the Chicago-based punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the second single from their 2005 album ""Crimson"". ""Mercy Me"" was released to radio on September 27, 2005. It peaked at No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 89 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles. The single was released as a CD backed with an acoustic recording of ""Private Eye"" as well as ""Buried"", a B-side from the album's recording sessions. It was also released as a set of two 7"" records, backed with acoustic recordings of ""This Could Be Love""

"PH10 (drug)"
known, and may cause major health problems due to the lack of an FDA approved clinical trial designed to establish safety (phase one clinical trial). PH10 (drug) PH10 is a purported vomeropherine that is under development by Pherin Pharmaceuticals as a nasal spray for the treatment of major depressive disorder. In a small phase II clinical study, PH10 demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects, taking effect by one week. In addition, the effect sizes were found to be quite large (Cohen’s d value of 1.01 for high-dose PH10 and placebo, and Cohen’s d value of 0.71 for low-dose PH10 versus placebo). 60–80%

PH10 (drug) PH10 is a purported vomeropherine that is under development by Pherin Pharmaceuticals as a nasal spray for the treatment of major depressive disorder. In a small phase II clinical study, PH10 demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects, taking effect by one week. In addition, the effect sizes were found to be quite large (Cohen’s d value of 1.01 for high-dose PH10 and placebo, and Cohen’s d value of 0.71 for low-dose PH10 versus placebo). 60–80% of patients achieved remission from depression. PH10 was well-tolerated, with adverse effects including somnolence, nasal irritation, and headache. Despite claiming that this drug has been

"Smith & Wesson M&P10"
Smith & Wesson M&P10 The Smith & Wesson M&P10 is Smith & Wesson's modified version of the AR-10 rifle. The M&P10 series of rifles is based on the AR-10. Smith & Wesson offers the M&P10 semi-automatic rifles in a variety of configurations tailored to specific shooting applications and styles. The standard model has a six-position collapsible stock, 4140 steel barrel, 7075 T6 aluminum receiver and a hard-coat black anodized finish. In 2013, the M&P10 line was expanded to include the .308 Winchester calibre. Unveiled at 2013 SHOT Show, the rifle is available in several variants; the M&P10 (CA Compliant), M&P10

2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine
2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) is a research drug which was one of the first compounds found to act as a selective antagonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5. After being originally patented as a liquid crystal for LCDs, it was developed by the pharmaceutical company Novartis in the late 1990s. It was found to produce neuroprotective effects following acute brain injury in animal studies, although it was unclear whether these results were purely from mGluR5 blockade as it also acts as a weak NMDA antagonist, and as a positive allosteric modulator of another subtype mGlu4, and there is also evidence

(Compliant), and the M&P10 CAMO. All are chambered in .308 Winchester. Smith & Wesson M&P10 The Smith & Wesson M&P10 is Smith & Wesson's modified version of the AR-10 rifle. The M&P10 series of rifles is based on the AR-10. Smith & Wesson offers the M&P10 semi-automatic rifles in a variety of configurations tailored to specific shooting applications and styles. The standard model has a six-position collapsible stock, 4140 steel barrel, 7075 T6 aluminum receiver and a hard-coat black anodized finish. In 2013, the M&P10 line was expanded to include the .308 Winchester calibre. Unveiled at 2013 SHOT Show, the

SQ109
SQ109 SQ109 is a drug undergoing development for treatment of tuberculosis. On October 16, 2007, it was given the status of Orphan drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB bacteria. SQ109 completed three phase I studies in the U.S. and one Phase II efficacy studies in tuberculosis patients in Africa. SQ109 showed activity against both drug susceptible and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria, including extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. In preclinical studies SQ109 enhanced the activity of anti-tubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampin and reduced by >30% the time required to cure mice of experimental

USP10
USP10 Ubiquitin specific peptidase 10, also known as USP10, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ""USP10"" gene. Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein that is covalently linked to other proteins to regulate their function and degradation. This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family of cysteine proteases. The enzyme specifically cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated protein substrates. The protein is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It functions as a co-factor of the DNA-bound androgen receptor complex, and is inhibited by a protein in the Ras-GTPase pathway. The human genome contains several pseudogenes similar to

CRLX101
toxic side effect are expected to be reduced. The technology was licensed by Calando and Caltech to Cerulean Pharma Inc., in June, 2009. Camptothecin (CPT), an alkaloid extract with poor water solubility from plants such as camptotheca acuminata, exhibits anti-cancer activity possibly due, at least in part, by the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I resulting in cell death. In CRLX101, CPT is linked covalently through a glycine link to the linear copolymer CDP, which in turn consists of alternating subunits of beta-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The CRLX101 nanoparticle is water-soluble. After intravenous injection, active CPT is slowly released as

4-HO-MPT
4-HO-MPT 4-Hydroxy-""N""-methyl-""N""-propyltryptamine, commonly known as 4-HO-MPT or meprocin, is a psychedelic drug in the tryptamine class of chemical compounds and is a higher homologue of the naturally occurring substituted tryptamine psilocin as well as being the 4-hydroxyl analog of MPT. 4-HO-MPT was first synthesized and bioassayed by biochemist Alexander Shulgin and written about in his 1994 book ""TiHKAL"". For psychedelic effects, the dosage and duration are listed as ""unknown"" in TiHKAL. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-HO-MPT. In a single trial of 8 mg orally of 4-HO-MPT HCl from TiHKAL, it is described

GroES
GroES Heat shock 10 kDa protein 1 (Hsp10) also known as chaperonin 10 (cpn10) or early-pregnancy factor (EPF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""HSPE1"" gene. The homolog in ""E. coli"" is GroES that is a chaperonin which usually works in conjunction with GroEL. GroES exists as a ring-shaped oligomer of between six and eight identical subunits, while the 60 kDa chaperonin (cpn60 - or groEL in bacteria) forms a structure comprising 2 stacked rings, each ring containing 7 identical subunits. These ring structures assemble by self-stimulation in the presence of Mg-ATP. The central cavity of

"MSC Cruises"
MSC Cruises MSC Cruises is a global cruise line that was founded in Italy, is registered in Switzerland, and has its headquarters in Geneva. MSC Cruises is the world's largest privately held cruise company, employing 16,500 people worldwide and having offices in 45 countries . MSC Cruises (.p.A.) is part of the Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. (MSC), the world's second biggest container shipping operator. MSC Cruises is the fourth largest cruise company in the world, after Carnival Corporation & plc, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. and Norwegian Cruise Line with a 7.2% share of all passengers carried in 2017. MSC Cruises

was founded in Naples, Italy as Lauro Lines (also known as ""Flotta Lauro"") by Achille Lauro. The company entered the cruise business in the 1960s, operating two ships, the ""Angelina Lauro"" and . The ""Angelina Lauro"" burnt in the port of St. Thomas in 1979 and the ""Achille Lauro"" was hijacked by members of the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985. In 1989, the Mediterranean Shipping Company bought Flotta Lauro and renamed it StarLauro Cruises. In 1994, the ""Achille Lauro"" caught fire and sank. In 1995, the company name was changed to MSC Cruises. In 2014 MSC Cruises announced that the

"MSC Fabiola"
MSC Fabiola MSC Fabiola is a container ship chartered by the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) and operated by the Peter Döhle Schiffahrtsgesellschaft Gmbh und co.KG in Hamburg Germany, the largest such vessel ever to dock in North America. In March 2012 the ship shifted from its initial Asia-to-Europe service to begin trans-Pacific service. On March 16, 2012, ""Fabiola"" docked at the Port of Long Beach, breaking earlier records for the largest container ship at a U.S. port, and at any North American port. ""MSC Fabiola"" is the first of a series of identical sister ships. The other three are ""MSC

"MSC Seaside"
entered into service in December 2017. It is operating year-round to the Caribbean, from a renovated and expanded dedicated berth and terminal at PortMiami, Florida, USA. The naming ceremony was on 22 December 2017 in Miami. On 17 November 2018, 7 crew members from the MSC Seaside (3 Jamaicans and 4 South Africans) were arrested at the Port of Miami after Customs and Border Protection officers found 7 kilograms of cocaine and 100 000 US Dollars in their cabins and in their possession. According to officers the cocaine came from Jamaica en route to the USA and that they were

"Mediterranean Shipping Company"
Mediterranean Shipping Company MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. (MSC) is the world's second-largest shipping line in terms of container vessel capacity. As of the end of December 2014, MSC was operating 471 container vessels with an intake capacity of . The Swiss Geneva-headquartered company operates in all major ports of the world. MSC's most important port is Antwerp in Belgium. MSC Cruises is a division of the company focused on holiday cruises. MSC was founded in Naples in 1970 as a private company by the seafarer Captain Gianluigi Aponte when he bought his first ship, ""Patricia"", followed by ""Rafaela"", with

"MSC Oscar"
MSC Oscar MSC Oscar, and sister ships ""MSC Zoe"" and ""MSC Oliver"", are large container ships. Christened on 8 January 2015, ""MSC Oscar"" was recognised as the largest container ship in the world; until then ""CSCL Globe"", inaugurated in November 2014, had been the largest. ""MSC Oscar"" takes her name from the son of Diego Aponte, the president and chief executive of owner Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). ""MSC Oscar"" was built by Daewoo in South Korea for US$140m. The ship was first planned for 18,400 TEU. Upon completion of construction the capacity was 19,224 TEU, including the capacity for 1,800

four Lirica class ships underwent renovation under the ""Renaissance Programme"". In 2015, MSC Cruises had four new ships on order from STX France and Fincantieri, with options for three more. The first three ships were delivered in May 2017 (""MSC Meraviglia""), November 2017 (""MSC Seaside"") and June 2018 (MSC Seaview). There are four more diesel-powered ships on order for delivery in 2020s. In July 2018, the company announced that it would build the second cruise terminal in PortMiami for its World-class cruise ships. MSC Cruises MSC Cruises is a global cruise line that was founded in Italy, is registered in

""Alexa."" They were built by Italian shipbuilder, Fincantieri. As of October 2014, Diego Aponte (son of MSC founder Gianluigi Aponte) was named president and chief executive of MSC, taking over from his father who was named group executive chairman. Gianluigi Aponte would continue to oversee all group related activities as well as supporting Diego in shaping the future of MSC. As one of the world’s leading container shipping lines with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, MSC operates 480 offices across 150 countries worldwide with over 24,000 employees. MSC’s shipping line sails on more than 200 trade routes, calling at over 315

MSC Seaside MSC Seaside is a cruise ship built for MSC Cruises. The first of MSC's next-generation ""Seaside"" class vessels, it is the largest cruise ship ever to be constructed by its builder, Fincantieri of Italy, and features a custom-designed multi-story aqua park built by WhiteWater West of Canada. The first steel cut took place on 22 June 2015 in Monfalcone. The keel was laid in Monfalcone on 4 March 2016, and the vessel was floated out of the shipyard on 26 November. When it debuted, it was the 14th largest cruise ship in the world, behind and . ""Seaside""

"MSC Zoe"
MSC Zoe MSC Zoe (along with ""MSC Oscar"" and ""MSC Oliver"") is one of the largest container ships in the world (). It is the third of a series of ships built by MSC, after ""MSC Oscar"" and ""MSC Oliver"". ""MSC Zoe"" takes her name from the four year old grand daughter of Gianluigi Aponte, the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) president and chief executive. ""MSC Zoe"" was built by Daewoo in South Korea for $140m. At the length of 395 metres, ""Zoe"" has a draft of 16 meters. She has a capacity of 19,224 TEU and a deadweight of 199,272

"June Gable"
Tribbiani, on the NBC sitcom ""Friends"", with her character dying in 2004. She played a nurse on the same show in season 1, episode 23. She also appeared in a recurring role in the HBO comedy series ""Dream On"" from 1990 to 1996 playing Libby Friedman. June Gable June Gable (born June 5, 1945) is an American character actress, perhaps best known for her role as Joey's agent Estelle Leonard in the NBC sitcom ""Friends"". She received one Tony Award nomination for her work on Broadway. Gable was born as June Golub in Brooklyn, New York City, the daughter of

June Gable June Gable (born June 5, 1945) is an American character actress, perhaps best known for her role as Joey's agent Estelle Leonard in the NBC sitcom ""Friends"". She received one Tony Award nomination for her work on Broadway. Gable was born as June Golub in Brooklyn, New York City, the daughter of Joseph and Shirley Golub. She studied acting at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Gable has appeared in four Broadway productions including the 1974 revival of ""Candide"" for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of

"Drea de Matteo"
Drea de Matteo Andrea Donna de Matteo (; born January 19, 1972) is an American actress, known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC's ""Desperate Housewives"", Joey Tribbiani's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom ""Joey"", Wendy Case on FX series ""Sons of Anarchy"", and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO drama series ""The Sopranos"", a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She played Det. Tess Nazario in NBC's ""Shades of Blue"". De Matteo, of Italian descent, was born in Whitestone, Queens, New York. Her mother, Donna, is a

"Jennifer Coolidge"
film went on to become a moderate box office hit despite negative critical reviews. Coolidge nearly received the role of Lynette Scavo on ""Desperate Housewives"", but it eventually went to Felicity Huffman. From 2004 to 2006, Coolidge had a role in the NBC comedy series ""Joey"" as Joey Tribbiani’s oversexed agent Roberta ""Bobbie"" Morganstern. During its second season, she went from a recurring character to a more prominent role, appearing in 37 out of 46 episodes in the series. NBC officially canceled the series in May 2006 citing low ratings. She originally starred in an episode of ""Friends"" in its

"Stacey Dash"
her life after being sexually assaulted at gunpoint by an ex-boyfriend, because she was able to retrieve her own weapon, a .22 revolver, and shoot at him, scaring him away. Stacey Dash Stacey Lauretta Dash (born January 20, 1966 or 1967) is an American actress and former talk show host. Dash is known for her co–starring role as Dionne Marie Davenport in the 1995 feature film ""Clueless"" and its eponymous television series. She has also appeared in films such as ""Moving"", ""Mo' Money"", ""Renaissance Man"", and ""View from the Top"". Other television work by Dash includes appearances in series such

"Angelle Brooks"
Angelle Brooks Angelle Brooks (born August 11, 1967) is an American actress and model. Brooks is best known for her co-starring role as fashion designer Maxine De La Cruz in the comedy/drama series ""V.I.P."" (1998–2002) as well as her recurring roles as Holly Brooks on ""Malcolm & Eddie"" (1996–1997) and as Dean Toni Ross on the UPN sitcom ""The Parkers"" (2001). Born in 1967, Brooks was the youngest of four children. Since the mid–1990s, Brooks has guest starred in numerous television shows such as, ""NYPD Blue"", ""The Young and the Restless"", ""The Sopranos"", ""The Larry Sanders Show"", ""Strong Medicine"" ,

"Vanessa Lengies"
act as she was hired per episode, though she did return for two appearances in the sixth season. Vanessa Lengies Vanessa Lengies (born July 21, 1985) is a Canadian actress, dancer and singer. She is known for starring in the drama ""American Dreams"" as Roxanne Bojarski. She appeared as Charge Nurse Kelly Epson on the TNT medical drama ""HawthoRNe"", and has appeared in the recurring role of Sugar Motta in the third, fourth, and sixth seasons of the Fox series ""Glee."" Born to a German father and an Egyptian mother in Montreal, Lengies grew up in Hudson, Quebec, where she

"Joey Tribbiani"
1968 as he talks about being 13 in 1981. He comes from an Italian-American family of eight children. His father Joseph Tribbiani, Sr. (Robert Costanzo), is a pipefitter and his mother's name is Gloria (Brenda Vaccaro). Joey has seven sisters: Mary Therese (Mimi Lieber) aka Mary Teresa (Christina Ricci), Mary Angela (Holly Gagnier), Dina (Marla Sokoloff), Gina (Drea de Matteo), Tina (Lisa Maris), Veronica (Dena Miceli), and Cookie (Alex Meneses). Joey is from Queens, New York and is Catholic. As a child, he was extremely accident prone. Joey is portrayed as promiscuous, and dim-witted, but good-natured, as well as very

bounces back by snagging a leading role in the big-budget action picture ""Captured"". The series' penultimate episode sees Joey in a committed relationship with Alex Garrett (Andrea Anders), his next-door neighbor. Joey Tribbiani Joseph Francis ""Joey"" Tribbiani, Jr. is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom ""Friends"" and its spin-off ""Joey"", and is portrayed by Matt LeBlanc. He is an Italian-American struggling actor who lives in New York City with his roommate and best friend, Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), and hangs out in a tight-knit group of his best friends: Chandler, Ross Geller (David Schwimmer), Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), Rachel

"Martha Smith"
Martha Smith Martha Anne Smith (born October 16, 1952) is an American actress, model and real estate broker. Smith attended Michigan State University, where she acquired fluency in French and Italian. In July 1973, Smith was selected as ""Playboy"" magazine's Playmate of the Month. Her centerfold feature was photographed by Pompeo Posar. Smith began her career in television commercials. In 1976, Smith started acting in small roles in television series, including ""Quincy, M.E., Charlie's Angels, Happy Days,"" and ""Taxi"". As a television actress, Smith is best known for her regular cast role as Agent Francine Desmond, on the ""CBS"" adventure

"John Quincy Adams"
John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He served as the eighth United States Secretary of State immediately before becoming president. During his long diplomatic and political career, Adams also served as an ambassador, and represented Massachusetts as a United States Senator and as a member of the United States House of Representatives. He was the eldest son of John Adams, who served as president from 1797 to 1801. Initially a Federalist like his father,

"Daniel D. Tompkins"
Daniel D. Tompkins Daniel D. Tompkins (June 21, 1774 – June 11, 1825) was an American politician. He was the fourth Governor of New York from 1807 to 1817, and the sixth Vice President of the United States from 1817 to 1825. Born in Scarsdale, New York, Tompkins practiced law in New York City after graduating from Columbia College. He was a delegate to the 1801 New York constitutional convention and served on the New York Supreme Court from 1804 to 1807. In 1807, he defeated incumbent Morgan Lewis to become the Governor of New York. He held that office

"George W. Bush"
George W. Bush George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He had previously served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in Texas. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team

"Bill Clinton"
Official Organizations Interviews, speeches, and statements Media coverage Other Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992, and the Attorney General of Arkansas from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist ""Third Way"" political philosophy. Clinton was born and raised in

"John C. Calhoun"
of the Abbeville Institute, argued: John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority party rights in politics, which he did in the context of protecting the interests of the white South when it was outnumbered by Northerners. He began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs. In the late

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992, and the Attorney General of Arkansas from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist ""Third Way"" political philosophy. Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University, University College, Oxford, and

"Millard Fillmore"
Academic Center and Millard Fillmore College bear his name. On February 18, 2010, the United States Mint released the thirteenth coin in the Presidential $1 Coin Program, bearing Fillmore's likeness. According to the assessment of Fillmore by the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia: Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former U.S. Representative from New York, Fillmore was elected the nation's 12th Vice President in 1848,

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former U.S. Representative from New York, Fillmore was elected the nation's 12th Vice President in 1848, and was elevated to the presidency by the death of Zachary Taylor. He was instrumental in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed, a bargain that led to a brief truce in the battle over slavery. He failed to win the Whig nomination for president in 1852; he gained

"Walter Mondale"
Walter Mondale Walter Frederick ""Fritz"" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician, diplomat and lawyer who served as the 42nd Vice President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A former United States Senator from Minnesota (1964–1976), he was the Democratic Party's nominee in the United States presidential election of 1984, but lost to Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College landslide. Reagan won 49 states while Mondale carried his home state of Minnesota and Washington, D.C. He became the oldest-living former U.S. Vice President after the death of George H. W. Bush in 2018. Mondale was born

"Donald Trump"
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens, and received an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded it from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started various side ventures, including

"Food Network Star"
Guy Fieri was announced as the winner on April 23, 2006, beating Reggie Southerland. Fieri has achieved considerable success at Food Network since his victory, and is still regularly on air as of July 2018. ""Guy's Big Bite"" premiered in June 2006 and was picked up for a second season in 2008 and remains in production. Currently, it is in its seventeenth season. Originally intended as a one-hour special, Fieri's second series, ""Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives"", premiered April 23, 2007 and is still in production, currently in its thirtieth season. He went on to the series, ""Ultimate Recipe Showdown"", premiering

winner was Eddie Jackson. Martita Jara originally competed in the eighth season of the series; she returned after winning the pre-season competition ""Comeback Kitchen"". Matthew Grunwald originally competed in season 11. He returned for a second chance after winning the Comeback Kitchen competition. Amy Pottinger originally competed in season 13. She returned for a second chance after winning the Comeback Kitchen competition, along with Adam Gertler, who originally competed in season four. Palak Patel also competed on Beat Bobby Flay, where she defeated him in the Chicken Curry episode. Food Network Star Food Network Star is a reality television series

contestants were not divided into teams as in season 8. Many of this season's contestants had previously appeared on other Food Network shows. The winner was Damaris Phillips, decided by an audience vote cast on foodnetwork.com and announced live on August 11, 2013. The winner was Lenny McNab, decided by an audience vote cast on foodnetwork.com and announced live on August 10, 2014. It is the last season to date where the finale aired live—all subsequent season finales would be filmed months in advance prior to airing. Beginning with this season, Alton Brown no longer appeared as a judge. The

February 17, 2008, and ""Guy Off The Hook"" on September 14, 2008. He has also started a new successful show called ""Guy's Grocery Games"". Fourth-place contestant Nathan Lyon began hosting his own series, ""A Lyon In the Kitchen"", on the Discovery Health Channel in March 2007. The third season began on June 3, 2007, and the winner was announced on Sunday, July 22. In season 3, judges sent 1 or 2 contestants home weekly. Once the field was down to 2 final contestants, the viewers picked the winner. Marc Summers (host of the first 2 seasons) only returned for this

Sundays at 10:00 PM EDT. For this season, the viewers no longer received the chance to vote for the winner; producers instead made the final decision. This led to an error by FoodNetwork.com, which briefly posted the winning moment video on their website three days before the finale aired. The winner for the fourth season was Aaron McCargo Jr. His winning show idea, ""Big Daddy's House"", first aired August 3, 2008. Finalist Adam Gertler was hired to host a Food Network show called ""Will Work for Food"", which debuted on January 19, 2009 and was cancelled after one season. He

Food Network Star Food Network Star is a reality television series that premiered June 5, 2005. It was produced by CBS EYEtoo Productions for seasons 1–8 and by Triage Entertainment for subsequent seasons. It airs on the Food Network in the United States. Prior to season seven, the series was known as The Next Food Network Star. The first season of ""The Next Food Network Star"" series was taped in February 2005, and was composed of five episodes in June 2005. Chicago area caterers Dan Smith and Steve McDonagh emerged as the winners, and went on to host a show

season's finale. Bobby Flay would host subsequent season finales. During the season, the contestants lived in a shared house in New York City. The contestants' challenges included cooking concession food for an NBA game (with guest Darryl Dawkins) to a mini version of Food Network's ""Iron Chef America"" (with guest judges Bobby Flay and Cat Cora). The Selection Committee consisted of Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson along with one guest. Guest judges included Alton Brown, Giada De Laurentiis, Duff Goldman, season two winner Guy Fieri, and Robert Irvine. Paula Deen and Rachael Ray participated in contestant challenges,

Laurentiis served as an on-set mentor. On July 17, 2010, a post-competition recap and discussion show premiered on The Cooking Channel. Shows were filmed in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York. On August 15, 2010, Aarti Sequeira was declared the winner, and her new show ""Aarti Party"" premiered on Sunday, August 22, 2010 and features American style cuisine with unique Indian flair. Season 2 of ""Aarti Party"" premiered that December. The Food Network also signed runner-up Tom Pizzica to host a new show called ""Outrageous Food"", which premiered in November 2010. The last new episodes of ""Aarti Party""

"Food Network Star (season 12)"
Valerie Bertinelli; and it premiered on May 8, 2016, although it initially became available on demand in some markets in April 2016. This season also continued the inclusion of ""Star Salvation"", a six-week webseries that featured the most recently eliminated contestant competing against the remaining previously eliminated contestants for a chance to re-enter the main ""Food Network Star"" competition. Unlike previous seasons, executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson did not assist in the judging; nor did chief executive Brooke Johnson appear in the finale to introduce the winner (Tuschman left Food Network and Johnson retired prior to the start of

"Aarti Sequeira"
show ""Aarti Paarti"". Sequeira grew up in a traditional Indian Catholic home. Sequeira and her husband have two daughters, Eliyah and Moses Marigold. She suffered from post-partum depression after giving birth and has since become involved in Post Partum Support International. Aarti Sequeira Aarti Lucica Sequeira (born 19 August 1978) is an Indian American chef and television personality, best known as the winner of the sixth season of Food Network's reality television show, ""The Next Food Network Star"". As a result of that victory, her show ""Aarti Party"" premiered on the network on 22 August 2010. Following Aarti Party, she

Osprey
(of South Bay); and Rowdy the Riverhawk (of the University of Massachusetts Lowell). Osprey The osprey or more specifically the western osprey (""Pandion haliaetus"") — also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk — is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts. The osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on

Osprey
Osprey The osprey or more specifically the western osprey (""Pandion haliaetus"") — also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk — is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts. The osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, although in South America it occurs only as a

unresolved emotional issues in the script and adding comic business for Pumbaa, Timon, and the hyenas. Lyricist Tim Rice worked closely with the writing team, flying to California at least once a month because his songs needed to work in the narrative continuity. Rice's lyrics—which were reworked up to the production's end—were pinned to the storyboards during development. Rewrites were frequent, with animator Andreas Deja saying that completed scenes would be delivered, only for the response to be that parts needed to be reanimated because of dialog changes. The voice actors were chosen for how they fit and could add

Peafowl
Peafowl The peafowl include three species of birds in the genera ""Pavo"" and ""Afropavo"" of the Phasianidae family, the pheasants and their allies. The two Asiatic species are the blue or Indian peafowl originally of the Indian subcontinent, and the green peafowl of Southeast Asia; the one African species is the Congo peafowl, native only to the Congo Basin. Male peafowl are known for their piercing calls and their extravagant plumage. The latter is especially prominent in the Asiatic species, which have an eye-spotted ""tail"" or ""train"" of covert feathers, which they display as part of a courtship ritual. The

Lagopus
across Eurasia and North America. All, with the exception of the red grouse, have a white winter plumage that helps them blend into the snowy background. Even their remiges are white, while these feathers are black in almost all birds (even birds that are predominantly white, such as the Bali myna) because melanin makes them more resilient and thus improves flight performance. The ""Lagopus"" grouse apparently found it easier to escape predators by not being seen than by flying away. These are hardy vegetarian birds, but insects are also taken by the developing young. In all species except for the

Kingfisher
in length and between in weight. The largest kingfisher in Africa is the giant kingfisher (""Megaceryle maxima""), which is in length and in weight. The familiar Australian kingfisher known as the laughing kookaburra (""Dacelo novaeguineae"") is the heaviest species with females reaching nearly in weight. The plumage of most kingfishers is bright, with green and blue being the most common colours. The brightness of the colours is neither the product of iridescence (except in the American kingfishers) or pigments, but is instead caused by the structure of the feathers, which causes scattering of blue light (the Tyndall effect). In most

"The Golden Bird"
to use a leather saddle rather than a golden one, but he fails again. He is sent after the princess from the golden castle. The fox advises him not to let her say farewell to her parents, but he disobeys, and the princess's father orders him to remove a hill as the price of his life. The fox removes it, and then, as they set out, he advises the prince how to keep all the things he has won. It then asks the prince to shoot it and cut off its head. When the prince refuses, it warns him against

"Common starling"
be kept in the same cage, and their inquisitiveness makes them easy to train or study. The only disadvantages are their messy and indiscriminate defecation habits and the need to take precautions against diseases that may be transmitted to humans. As a laboratory bird, the common starling is second in numbers only to the domestic pigeon. The common starling's gift for mimicry has long been recognised. In the medieval Welsh ""Mabinogion"", Branwen tamed a common starling, ""taught it words"", and sent it across the Irish Sea with a message to her brothers, Bran and Manawydan, who then sailed from Wales

"Song thrush"
at least the nineteenth century the song thrush was kept as a cage bird because of its melodious voice. As with hunting, there is little evidence that the taking of wild birds for aviculture has had a significant effect on wild populations. Song thrush The song thrush (""Turdus philomelos"") is a thrush that breeds across much of Eurasia. It has brown upperparts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry. The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially

"Dancing on Ice"
the second, third and fourth shows of the fourth series, when Torvill performed alone due to Dean's recovery from a shoulder operation. In 2012 they performed less regularly. Schofield previously presented with Holly Willoughby, with commentary originally from Tony Gubba (later Simon Reed) and voiceovers done by John Sachs. The members of ""The Ice Panel"" were originally Karen Barber, Jason Gardiner, Nicky Slater and Robin Cousins, and the fifth judge varied from series to series: Karen Kresge in the first series, Natalia Bestemianova in the second, Ruthie Henshall in the third and fourth and Emma Bunton in the fifth. In

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 4)"
Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Dan Karaty ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Mia Michaels Judges: Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Adam Shankman Judges: Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Mia Michaels <nowiki>*</nowiki> Comfort Fedoke and Thayne Jasperson were eliminated by the judges, but Jessica King later had to withdraw from the competition due to injury. She was replaced by Fedoke, the most recent eliminated female. ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Lil' C ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Toni Basil ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Adam Shankman ""Judges:"" Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Mandy Moore Mia Michaels

"Skating with the Stars"
All six episodes of the show were broadcast. The host is Vernon Kay and doing color commentary is retired Ice Dancer Tanith Belbin. The judges were Johnny Weir, Dick Button, and Laurieann Gibson. The 6 celebrities and professional ice skaters were: This table only counts for dances scored on a 30-points scale (the extra points from the group skate in week 5 are not included). According to the traditional 30-point scale: ""Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Laurieann Gibson, Johnny Weir, Dick Button."" <nowiki>*</nowiki>Brandon

"Strictly Come Dancing (series 14)"
Strictly Come Dancing (series 14) Strictly Come Dancing returned for its fourteenth series with a launch show on 3 September on BBC One, with the live shows starting on 23 September 2016. Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman returned as hosts, while Zoë Ball returned to host """" on BBC Two. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood and Darcey Bussell returned as judges. This was Goodman's final series as a judge. The series was won by BBC Sport presenter Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton. Oduba becomes the first champion to have ever landed in the bottom two more than once.

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)"
Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Julianne Hough, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. On April 24, former contestant Nick Carter joined the panel as a guest judge, filling in for Hough who was on tour. On May 1, choreographer Mandy Moore also filled in for Hough as a guest judge. This table only counts dances scored on a 40-point scale. (The points awarded in Week 7 for winning either immunity or the dance-offs are not included in these totals.) The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 40-point scale are as follows: Scores are based upon a

scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Craig Revel Horwood, Darcey Bussell, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli"". Revel Horwood:Anastacia & Brendan Bussel: Melvin & Janette Tonioli: Melvin & Janette Goodman: Anastacia & Brendan Brendan was unable to dance due to illness, so Anastacia instead danced with Gorka. Laura suffered an ankle injury during rehearsals and she and Giovanni were therefore unable to perform on the live show, giving the couple a bye for the week. ""For the Dance Off, Danny & Oti chose to dance their American Smooth, while Claudia &

Carty. Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned to co-present; Christopher Dean, Jayne Torvill and Karen Barber returned to mentor the celebrities; Robin Cousins, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Ashley Roberts returned for their respective ninth, eighth, seventh and second series on ""The Ice Panel"". Cousins was absent for weeks 6 and 7 due to commentating the 2014 Winter Olympics, so former judge Nicky Slater returned in his place and Barber was temporary head judge. On 4 September 2017, it was announced on ""This Morning"" that ""Dancing on Ice"" would return with Willoughby and Schofield as presenters, and Torvill and Dean

line up was completed on 22 August on ""The One Show"". On 11 October, pop star Will Young announced that he was leaving the show for ""personal reasons"". This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 40-points scale (does not include additional points from the Cha-Cha-Challenge). The highest and lowest performances in each dance according to the judges' scale are as follows (scores given by guest judges are deducted from the total). Daisy Lowe, Laura Whitmore, Naga Munchetty, Tameka Empson and Will Young are the only contestants not to land on this list. ""Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges

AJ chose to dance their Quickstep."" Weekly ratings for each show on BBC One. All ratings are provided by BARB. Strictly Come Dancing (series 14) Strictly Come Dancing returned for its fourteenth series with a launch show on 3 September on BBC One, with the live shows starting on 23 September 2016. Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman returned as hosts, while Zoë Ball returned to host """" on BBC Two. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood and Darcey Bussell returned as judges. This was Goodman's final series as a judge. The series was won by BBC Sport presenter Ore

on ""The Ice Panel"" and was replaced by singer Emma Bunton. In addition to the main show, there was also a new spin-off show called ""Dancing on Ice Friday"" which gives viewers the insight to the training of the celebrities. It was presented by Ben Shephard and former contestant Coleen Nolan and broadcast from 8 pm to 8.30 pm on Friday evenings on ITV. Cousins did not appear as a judge for weeks 6 and 7 due to commentary commitments for the Winter Olympics, so Barber was temporary head judge during Cousins's absence. Michael Ball took his place on 14

"Tampering (crime)"
tampering laws. Tampering cases often involve foreign objects in food products. These cases often focus on determining whether the contamination occurred during manufacturing, either accidentally or intentionally, or whether the claims made by the complaining customers are real or fraudulent. A famous case involving claims by customers that had tainted the products themselves was a series of claims in 1993 of needles found in Pepsi products. The manufacturer convincingly demonstrated that the contamination could not have taken place at the bottling plant, and several people were proven to have put the needles in themselves. Hardware Trojan (HT), malicious modification of

manufacturer, and in many cases no contamination to a product ever takes place. Fraud is sometimes handled as a matter of civil law, but actual modification of products is almost always a matter of criminal law. Seven people died in this incident in the United States after taking medication that had been contaminated with cyanide. One man was later convicted of extortion, but no one was convicted of the murders. In 2009, the Federal Bureau of Investigation announced that it was re-examining the case. This event led to new requirements for tamper-evident seals on over-the-counter medications and changes in US

"Tamper resistance"
and tamper evidence. In some applications, devices are only tamper-evident rather than tamper-resistant. Tampering involves the deliberate altering or adulteration of a product, package, or system. Solutions may involve all phases of product production, packaging, distribution, logistics, sale, and use. No single solution can be considered as ""tamper-proof"". Often multiple levels of security need to be addressed to reduce the risk of tampering. Some considerations might include: Tamper means interfere with (something) without authority or so as to cause damage. Nearly all appliances and accessories can only be opened with the use of a screwdriver (or a substitute item such

"Product bundling"
have a powered subwoofer with a user-adjustable crossover, a ""subsonic"" filter and other higher-cost advanced features. In oligopolistic and monopolistic industries, product bundling can be seen as an unfair use of market power because it limits the choices available to the consumer. In these cases it is typically called product tying. Some forms of product bundling have been subject to litigation regarding abuses of market share. ""United States v. Microsoft"" was a set of civil actions filed against Microsoft Corporation pursuant to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 Sections 1 and 2 on May 18, 1998 by the United States

"Mistake (contract law)"
a case relied upon by Davis: ""Union Bank & Trust Co.v. Girard Trust Co."", 307 Pa. 468, 500-501, 161 A.2d 865 (1932). The law governing record-keeping mistakes and how they are corrected has been gathered by the U.S. Court of International Trade in ""Hynix Semiconductor America, Inc. v. United States"", 414 F. Supp. 2d 1317 (C.I.T. 2006), in which the Court was faced with application of a tariff which had been calculated at the wrong rate by a customs clerk. To enforce ""anti-dumping"" legislation against foreign-made goods (in this case, Korean electronic components) made using cheap labor and undercutting American

the circuitry of an integrated circuit. Tampering (crime) Tampering can refer to many forms of sabotage but the term is often used to mean intentional modification of products in a way that would make them harmful to the consumer. This threat has prompted manufacturers to make products that are either difficult to modify or at least difficult to modify without warning the consumer that the product has been tampered with. Since the person making the modification is typically long gone by the time the crime is discovered, many of these cases are never solved. The crime is often linked with

"Early history of food regulation in the United States"
by the bad strawberry “spread” substitutes, since consumers could not tell the difference while buying. The first court case involving ""adulterated"" products was in 1886, in which farmers pitted quote “the reigning champion, butter, against a challenger, oleomargarine. Butter won and oleomargarine was taxed"". ""Adulterated"" products often used chemicals or additives to mask poor quality wheat, sour milk, or meat gone bad. In response, these ""unethical"" companies asserted that it was a consumer’s duty to protect themselves from shoddy products. The Division of Chemistry started looking into the adulteration of agricultural commodities around 1867, and in 1883 Harvey Washington Wiley

Tampering (crime) Tampering can refer to many forms of sabotage but the term is often used to mean intentional modification of products in a way that would make them harmful to the consumer. This threat has prompted manufacturers to make products that are either difficult to modify or at least difficult to modify without warning the consumer that the product has been tampered with. Since the person making the modification is typically long gone by the time the crime is discovered, many of these cases are never solved. The crime is often linked with attempts to extort money from the

"Tamper-evident technology"
seals to signify that the letter had not been opened since it was written. Roman signet rings for example, were unique to the person who owned them, and the ring was pressed into the hot wax seal forming a signature which could not be easily duplicated by somebody attempting to re-seal the letter. Similar practices continue today, from examples such as envelopes to carefully designed packaging for payslips. In modern contract law, it is common to see each page of a contract individually initialled and numbered, so that any addition or removal of pages can be detected. Meanwhile, most checks

"Counterfeit consumer goods"
increased. Numerous cases of intentional food fraud have been discovered over the last few years. As of 2013, the foods most commonly listed as adulterated or mislabelled in the United States Pharmacopeia Convention's Food Fraud Database were: milk, olive oil, honey, saffron, fish, coffee, orange juice, apple juice, black pepper, and tea. The Food and Drug Administration, the primary regulatory body for food safety and enforcement in the United States, admits that the ""sheer magnitude of the potential crime"" makes prevention difficult, along with the fact that food safety is not treated as a high priority. They note that with

what happens to water that infiltrates the soil if it is not absorbed by the roots of plants

"Waterlogging (agriculture)"
Waterlogging (agriculture) Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when it is nearly saturated with water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail. In extreme cases of prolonged waterlogging, anaerobiosis occurs, the roots of mesophytes suffer, and the subsurface reducing atmosphere leads to such processes as denitrification, methanogenesis, and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides. In agriculture, various crops need air (specifically, oxygen) to a greater or lesser depth in the soil. Waterlogging of the soil stops air getting in. How near the

"Infiltration (hydrology)"
Infiltration (hydrology) Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. ""Infiltration rate"" in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is most often measured in millimetres per hour or inches per hour. The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier. It is related to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil. The rate of infiltration can be measured using an infiltrometer. Infiltration is

the cells (organic acids, reducing sugars, minerals, flavors and pigment compounds) can also be leaked into the osmotic solution, which affects the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of the product. The rate of diffusion of water from any material made up of such tissues depends upon factors such as temperature and concentration of the osmotic solution, the size and geometry of the material, the solution-to-material mass ratio and, to a certain level, agitation of the solution. Osmotic dehydration Osmotic dehydration is an operation used for the partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hyper-tonic (osmotic) solution. Water

Evapotranspiration
states utilize a full cover alfalfa reference crop that is 0.5 m in height, rather than the short green grass reference, due to the higher value of ET from the alfalfa reference. Evapotranspiration is a significant water loss from drainage basins. Types of vegetation and land use significantly affect evapotranspiration, and therefore the amount of water leaving a drainage basin. Because water transpired through leaves comes from the roots, plants with deep reaching roots can more constantly transpire water. Herbaceous plants generally transpire less than woody plants because they usually have less extensive foliage. Conifer forests tend to have higher

Eutrophication
Eutrophication Eutrophication (from Greek ""eutrophos"", ""well-nourished""), or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients that induce excessive growth of plants and algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body. One example is the ""bloom"" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased levels of nutrients. Eutrophication is almost always induced by the discharge of nitrate or phosphate-containing detergents, fertilizers, or sewage into an aquatic system. Eutrophication arises from the oversupply of nutrients, which leads to overgrowth of plants and algae. After such organisms

Cryptobiosis
Cryptobiosis Cryptobiosis is a metabolic state of life entered by an organism in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. In the cryptobiotic state, all measurable metabolic processes stop, preventing reproduction, development, and repair. When environmental conditions return to being hospitable, the organism will return to its metabolic state of life as it was prior to the cryptobiosis. Anhydrobiosis is the most studied form of cryptobiosis and occurs in situations of extreme desiccation. The term ""anhydrobiosis"" derives from the Greek for ""life without water"" and is most commonly used for the desiccation tolerance observed in

equal to formula_15 and the head of dry soil that exists below the depth of the wetting front soil suction head is assumed to be equal to formula_37. where or Infiltration (hydrology) Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. ""Infiltration rate"" in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is most often measured in millimetres per hour or inches per hour. The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur

"Root rot"
of aeroponics. Root rot Root rot is a condition found in both indoor and outdoor plants, although more common in indoor plants with poor drainage. As the name states, the roots of the plant rot. Usually, this is a result of overwatering. In houseplants, it is a very common problem, and is slightly less common in outdoor plants. In both indoor and outdoor plants, it is usually lethal and there is no effective treatment. The excess water makes it very difficult for the roots to get the air that they need, causing them to decay. To avoid root rot, it

"Hydric soil"
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency in their joint responsibilities in the administration of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (1972). Hydric soil Hydric soil is soil which is permanently or seasonally saturated by water, resulting in anaerobic conditions, as found in wetlands. Most soils are . This is important because plant roots respire (that is, they consume oxygen and carbohydrates while releasing carbon dioxide) and there must be sufficient air—especially oxygen—in the soil to support most forms of soil life. Air normally moves through interconnected pores by forces such as changes in

film, though Bruckheimer changed their minds when he showed them concept art and animatics. In June 2002 Gore Verbinski signed on to direct """", and Johnny Depp and Geoffrey Rush signed on the following month to star. Verbinski was attracted to the idea of using modern technology to resurrect a genre, one that had disappeared after the Golden Age of Hollywood, and recalled his childhood memories of the ride, feeling the film was an opportunity to pay tribute to the ""scary and funny"" tone of it. Depp was attracted to the story as he found it quirky: rather than trying

Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush) and Joshamee Gibbs (Kevin McNally) follow Jack, Will and Elizabeth in the course of the films. The fourth film features Blackbeard (Ian McShane) and Angelica (Penélope Cruz), while the fifth film features Armando Salazar (Javier Bardem), Henry Turner (Brenton Thwaites) and Carina Smyth (Kaya Scodelario). The films take place in a fictionalized historical setting; a world ruled by the British Empire, the East India Trading Company (based on the real East India Company) and the Spanish Empire, with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers. The film series started in 2003 with """", which received positive reviews

to find treasure, the crew of the ""Black Pearl"" were trying to return it in order to lift their curse; also, the traditional mutiny had already taken place. Verbinski approached Rush for the role of Barbossa, as he knew he would not play it with attempts at complexity, but with a simple villainy that would suit the story's tone. Orlando Bloom read the script after Rush, with whom he was working on ""Ned Kelly"", suggested it to him. Keira Knightley came as a surprise to Verbinski: he had not seen her performance in ""Bend It Like Beckham"" and was impressed

Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney's theme park ride of the same name. Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski (1–3), Rob Marshall (4) and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg (5). The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio (1–4); other writers include Stuart Beattie (1), Jay Wolpert (1) and Jeff Nathanson (5). The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp), Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley). Characters such as Hector

"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (released in some countries as Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar's Revenge) is a 2017 American swashbuckler fantasy film, the fifth installment in the ""Pirates of the Caribbean"" film series and the sequel to """" (2011). The film is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson, with Jerry Bruckheimer serving again as producer. Johnny Depp, Kevin McNally and Geoffrey Rush reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow, Joshamee Gibbs and Hector Barbossa, respectively, and are joined in the

"Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
older children. Verbinski disliked the new title because it is the Aztec gold rather than the ship that is cursed, so he requested the title to be unreadable on the poster. The DVD and VHS editions of the film were released December 1, 2003 in the UK and December 2, 2003 in the US, with 11 million copies sold in the first week, a record for live action video. It earned $235,300,000 from DVDs as of January 2004. The DVD featured two discs, featuring three commentary tracks (Johnny Depp and Gore Verbinski; Jerry Bruckheimer, Keira Knightley and Jack Davenport; and

a Disney project starring Johnny Depp. After Marshall passed on the film, many directors were rumored to take over, including Gore Verbinski, who was responsible for the original three films. Verbinski ultimately passed on the project, feeling that ""there's no reason other than financial"" in making the film. The eventual shortlist included Fredrik Bond, Rupert Sanders, and the eventual choice, Norwegian film duo Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg. The studio chose them based on their Academy Award-nominated high-sea film ""Kon-Tiki"", and their ability to work with a limited budget. Rossio's script draft was ultimately rejected, and the writer stated that

cast by Javier Bardem, Brenton Thwaites and Kaya Scodelario. The filmmakers cited the series' first installment, """" (2003), as inspiration for the script and tone of the film. Pre-production for the film started shortly before ""On Stranger Tides"" was released in early 2011, with Terry Rossio writing the initial script. In early 2013, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write a new script for the film, with Depp being involved in Nathanson's writing process. Initially planned for a 2015 release, the film was delayed to 2016 and then to 2017, after 6 years of development hell, due to script and budget

"Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the ""Pirates of the Caribbean"" film series and the sequel to """" (2007). It is the first film in the series not to be directed by Gore Verbinski, being replaced by Rob Marshall. Jerry Bruckheimer again served as producer. The film is technically a stand-alone sequel to the previous installments. In the film, which draws its plot loosely from the novel ""On Stranger Tides"" by Tim Powers, Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) is joined by

"Rose Abdoo"
Rose Abdoo Rose Marie Abdoo (born November 28, 1962) is an American actress and comedian, known for her roles as Stars Hollow's local mechanic, Gypsy, on ""Gilmore Girls"" and as Spanish teacher Señorita Rodriguez on ""That's So Raven"". Abdoo was born in Detroit, Michigan. She is of Lebanese and Dominican descent. Abdoo's career began in Chicago, where she performed at various improvisational theaters, including the Improv Institute and four years with The Second City; she went on to develop her own one-woman shows, ""Who Does She Think She Is?"" and ""Get to the Part About Me"". She also did a

"Anneliese van der Pol"
Anneliese van der Pol Anneliese Louise van der Pol (born September 23, 1984) is a Dutch-born American actress, singer, and dancer. Following her early career in musical theatre, she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on ""That's So Raven"", a role she reprises on its sequel ""Raven's Home"". Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company. She made her Broadway debut in 2007, and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009. She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film ""Vampires Suck"" directed by Jason Friedberg and

"That's So Raven"
the President. The show takes place while Raven is attending fashion college and Tanya is still in London. The series is similar to its sister show, ""That's So Raven"". Cory has two best friends, one a boy, Newton Livingston III (Jason Dolley), and one a girl, Meena Paroom (Maiara Walsh). Note that in ""That's So Raven"", the main character also has two best friends, one a boy and one a girl and Newt and Meena's persona's are similar to Chelsea and Eddie. Cory attends a middle school in Washington, D.C. Also in the series, the president's daughter Sophie (Madison Pettis)

"Juliette Goglia"
Juliette Goglia Juliette Rose Goglia (born September 22, 1995) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Sierra in the Disney Channel series ""That's So Raven"", Hannah West in the CBS series """", and Eve Henry on ""The Michael J. Fox Show"". Goglia was born in a suburb of Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Susan Stokey, an actress, and Carmine Goglia, a scenic painter of Italian descent. Her maternal grandfather was game show host and producer Mike Stokey. She has one older brother named Dante and one older sister named Emily. Goglia made her film debut as

"Raven-Symoné"
Raven-Symoné Raven-Symoné Christina Pearman (; born December 10, 1985) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, television personality, dancer, rapper and producer. She began her career as a child actress, appearing as Olivia Kendall on ""The Cosby Show"" (1989–1992) and Nicole Lee on ""Hangin' with Mr. Cooper"" (1993–1997). As a teenager, she starred as Raven Baxter on the Disney Channel television series ""That's So Raven"" (2003–2007), for which she was nominated for numerous accolades. Raven-Symoné's film credits include ""Dr. Dolittle"" (1998), ""Dr. Dolittle 2"" (2001), ""College Road Trip"" (2008), and successful television films, including """" (1999), ""The Cheetah Girls"" (2003),

"Drew Sidora"
Drew Sidora Drew Sidora Jordan (born May 1, 1985), better known by her stage name Drew Sidora, is an American actress and singer known for her recurring role as Chantel in the Disney Channel Original Series ""That's So Raven"", also as Lucy Avila in the 2006 movie ""Step Up"" and starred as Tionne Watkins in the VH1 TLC biographical film """". She is also known for portraying a fictionalized version of herself on the BET comedy-drama television series ""The Game"". Drew Sidora was born in Chicago, Illinois. She completed numerous industrial films and was the youngest member of the ""Hook

That's So Raven That's So Raven is an American supernatural sitcom that originally ran on Disney Channel from January 17, 2003 to November 10, 2007. Set in San Francisco, the series starred Raven-Symoné as Raven Baxter, a teenager with psychic abilities who draws on her ingenuity, talent as a fashion designer, and a variety of disguises to get in and out of amusing adolescent and pre-adolescent situations. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-starred as her best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels, alongside Kyle Massey as her mischievous younger brother Cory and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh and Rondell Sheridan

Ball"", ""Thought You Were The One"", and ""Inattention"". She has also recorded a cover of the song, ""Listen"" from ""Dreamgirls"". She took part in Southern California's ""Diva's: Simply Singing"" in 2004. She was the recipient of ""Female Vocalist of the Year"" award at the 20th Annual Los Angeles Music Awards in 2010. Juliette Goglia Juliette Rose Goglia (born September 22, 1995) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Sierra in the Disney Channel series ""That's So Raven"", Hannah West in the CBS series """", and Eve Henry on ""The Michael J. Fox Show"". Goglia was born in

from 2004 to 2010 and Star Plus from 2003 to 2008. That's So Raven That's So Raven is an American supernatural sitcom that originally ran on Disney Channel from January 17, 2003 to November 10, 2007. Set in San Francisco, the series starred Raven-Symoné as Raven Baxter, a teenager with psychic abilities who draws on her ingenuity, talent as a fashion designer, and a variety of disguises to get in and out of amusing adolescent and pre-adolescent situations. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-starred as her best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels, alongside Kyle Massey as her

"T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh"
T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh (born Crystal Walker; October 13, 1962) is an American actress and singer. In addition to her status as an original cast member of the Fox sketch comedy series ""In Living Color"" (1990–1994), she is also known for her roles as Erica Lucas on the CBS sitcom ""Cosby"" (1996–2000), and as Tanya Baxter on the Disney Channel sitcom ""That's So Raven"" (2003–2005). Keymáh was born Crystal Walker in 1962, in Chicago. Since the age of three, she has enjoyed entertaining her family – singing, dancing, and reciting original poems and stories. She wrote her first

"Cigarette Smoking Man"
he had no surviving family, he became a ward of the state and was sent to various orphanages in the Midwest. He made no friends and spent most of his time reading. The same episode reveals that by the early 1960s he was a US Army captain involved in black ops and intelligence, and that he served alongside Fox Mulder's father, Bill. The Smoking Man was already involved in the arming of anti-Castro rebels in Cuba and the assassinations of Patrice Lumumba and Rafael Trujillo before he was enlisted by a secret cabal to assassinate President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in

end of the series. In later seasons, it is revealed that he is a member of a group known as the Syndicate, a shadowy organization within the United States government. The episode ""Two Fathers"" reveals his birthname or alias as C.G.B. Spender, and that he was formerly married to Cassandra Spender, with whom he had a son, Jeffrey Spender. He recruits FBI Special Agent Diana Fowley to be a subordinate of his because she has a close relationship with Mulder. In ""One Son"", Jeffrey finds out that his father, the Smoking Man, forced his mother Cassandra to undergo medical treatments

destruction of the Syndicate. Later in the sixth season, there is more evidence that suggested that the Smoking Man is Mulder's biological father. Eventually in """", Smoking Man literally looks at Mulder and says ""I am your father."", while Mulder has a flashback to his childhood of walking on the beach with his parents. Fowley comes in disagreement with him. Because of his plans to kill Mulder, Fowley helps Scully in her investigation to locate Mulder, which leads to her death. After the destruction of the Syndicate, the Smoking Man starts to operate as he wishes. However, his cancer resurfaces,

the eleventh-season episode ""My Struggle III,"" the Cigarette-Smoking Man reveals his name to be Carl Gerhard Busch (the name of series creator Chris Carter's grandfather). In his first appearance in the series, he oversees FBI agent Dana Scully's (Gillian Anderson) briefing and debriefing, and later disposes of evidence Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Scully had brought back from their investigation of an alien abduction. With the Smoking Man hiding truth from the public, Mulder seeks to reveal it to the public and the truth about the disappearance of his sister, Samantha. This leads to a rivalry that lasts until the

"One Son"
was necessary to explain the show's mythology; he called the episode the ""biggest chapter we had time to explore in the nine years we were on the air"". Writers for the series often struggled with writing ""mytharc"" episodes because there was a need to force as much material into them as possible, given their relative paucity compared to the ""Monster of the week"" episodes. Originally, a large portion of the episode was supposed to reveal the history of the Syndicate via flashback. Reportedly, these scenes would have featured younger versions of Bill Mulder (played by Peter Donat), The Smoking Man,

"John Doggett"
to the final episode of season 9. Doggett made his first appearance in the 2000 episode ""Within"". Doggett served in the United States Marine Corps from the 1970s to the 1980s. Later he started working for the New York Police Department, he was eventually promoted to detective. After his son's death, he got a job in the FBI. He started to work for the Criminal Investigations Division. In 2000, he was assigned to the X-Files office, after the disappearance of Mulder. The introduction of Doggett was met with mostly positive reaction by critics, while getting more mixed response from longtime

and he begins using a wheelchair and has a tracheotomy. In the end, Alex Krycek and Marita Covarrubias betray him in the episode ""Requiem"", throwing him down a flight of stairs, where they presume him to be dead. Until the ninth season episode ""William"", the Smoking Man is presumed dead. It is learned that his attempted murder of his son failed, which led him to subject his son to terrible experiments. In the series finale, ""The Truth"", Mulder and Scully travel through remote New Mexico and reach a pueblo where a ""wise man"" reputedly lives: he is, in fact, the

first being the one played by Davis and the second was the cigarettes. He further stated that the cigarette smoke could tell a ""whole story"" by itself, thanks to Davis's talent. Fans of the series were active in debating if the Smoking Man was actually dead after the events of the season five premiere ""Redux"". In his first response, Chris Carter said he had left clues in the episode, and he later officially announced that the character would appear in ""The X-Files"" movie. In one of his last comments on the matter, he said, ""Not that we haven't brought deceased

most of the history of the Smoking Man is never categorically confirmed. One possible version of his past is provided during the fourth-season episode ""Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man"", in which the conspiracy theorists known as The Lone Gunmen claim Smoking Man was first documented in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on August 20, 1940. His father was an ardent communist activist and a spy for the Soviet NKVD who was executed under the Espionage Act of 1917 ""before his boy could walk"". His mother was a cigarette smoker who died from lung cancer, also when he was an infant. Since

"Colonist (The X-Files)"
so terrified that they stopped their calendar on the exact date of colonization: December 22, 2012. The Colonists eventually returned to Earth in 1947 when one of their ships crashed in New Mexico due to exposure to magnetite in the surrounding rocks. Shortly after this event, a select few power brokers, mainly in the United States and the Soviet Union (though some also came from other nations), first learned of the Colonist plot to retake the planet. These men eventually formed the Syndicate; they included the Well-Manicured Man (John Neville), The Smoking Man, and Bill Mulder (Peter Donat), among others.

"Angular cheilitis"
Angular cheilitis Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It can also be itchy or painful. The condition can last for days to years. Angular cheilitis is a type of cheilitis (inflammation of the lips). Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include by fungi such as ""Candida albicans"" and bacteria such as ""Staph. aureus"". Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and

for between 0.7 – 3.8% of oral mucosal lesions in adults and between 0.2 – 15.1% in children, though overall it occurs most commonly in adults in the third to sixth decades of life. It occurs worldwide, and both males and females are affected. Angular cheilitis is the most common presentation of fungal and bacterial infections of the lips. The term ""angular cheilitis"" is from Ancient greek, ""χείλος"" meaning lip and -itis meaning inflammation. Angular cheilitis Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It

"Periodontal disease"
Periodontal disease Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or fall out. Bad breath may also occur. Periodontal disease is generally due to bacteria in the mouth infecting the tissue around the teeth. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, family history, and certain medications. Diagnosis is by inspecting the gum

Cheilitis
prognosis compared to oral cancer generally. Angular cheilitis (angular stomatitis) is inflammation of one or both of the corners (angles) of the mouth. It is a fairly common condition, and often affects elderly people. There are many possible causes, including nutritional deficiencies (iron, B vitamins, folate), contact allergy, infection (""Candida albicans"", ""Staphylococcus aureus"" or β-hemolytic streptococci) and edentulism (often with overclosure of the mouth and concomitant denture-related stomatitis), and others. Also termed ""lip dermatitis"", eczematous cheilitis is a diverse group of disorders which often have an unknown cause. Chronic eczematous reactions account for the majority of chronic cheilitis cases. It

children. In the developing world, iron and vitamin deficiencies are a common cause. Angular cheilitis is a fairly non specific term which describes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in a particular anatomic site (i.e. the corner of the mouth). As there are different possible causes and contributing factors from one person to the next, the appearance of the lesion is somewhat variable. The lesions are more commonly symmetrically present on both sides of the mouth, but sometimes only one side may be affected. In some cases, the lesion may be confined to the mucosa of the lips, and in

can also be caused by tooth migration, wearing orthodontic appliances, and elastic tissue damage caused by ultraviolet light exposure and smoking. Habits or conditions that keep the corners of the mouth moist might include chronic lip licking, thumb sucking (or sucking on other objects such as pens, pipes, lollipops), dental cleaning (e.g. flossing), chewing gum, hypersalivation, drooling and mouth breathing. Some consider habitual lip licking or picking to be a form of nervous tic, and do not consider this to be true angular cheilitis, instead calling it ""perlèche"" (derived from the French word ""pourlècher"" meaning ""to lick one’s lips""), or

Stomatitis
is thought to affect about 20% of the general population to some degree. The symptoms range from a minor nuisance to being disabling in their impact on eating, swallowing and talking, and the severe forms can cause people to lose weight. There is no cure for aphthous stomatitis, and therapies are aimed at alleviating the pain, reducing the inflammation and promoting healing of the ulcers, but there is little evidence of efficacy for any treatment that has been used. Inflammation of the corners (angles) of the lips is termed angular stomatitis or angular cheilitis. In children a frequent cause is

Cheilitis
characterized by cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin of the lips, and are one of the most common types of cheilitis. While both lips may be affected, the lower lip is the most common site. There may also be burning or the formation of large, painful cracks when the lips are stretched. If chronic, cheilitis simplex can progress to crusting and bleeding. Lip licking, biting, or rubbing habits are frequently involved. Paradoxically, constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the mucosa splits or cracks. The lips have a greater tendency to dry out in cold,

the mouth. Infrequently, the dermatitis (which may resemble eczema) can extend from the corner of the mouth to the skin of the cheek or chin. If ""Staphylococcus aureus"" is involved, the lesion may show golden yellow crusts. In chronic angular cheilitis, there may be suppuration (pus formation), exfoliation (scaling) and formation of granulation tissue. Sometimes contributing factors can be readily seen, such as loss of lower face height from poorly made or worn dentures, which results in mandibular overclosure (""collapse of jaws""). If there is a nutritional deficiency underlying the condition, various other signs and symptoms such as glossitis (swollen

"Nasal polyp"
nasal polyps while up to 40% of people develop them at some point in their life. They most often occur after the age of 20 and are more frequent in males than females. Nasal polyps have been described since the time of the Ancient Egyptians. Symptoms of polyps include nasal congestion, sinusitis, loss of smell, thick nasal discharge, facial pressure, nasal speech, and mouth breathing. Recurrent sinusitis can result from polyps. Long-term, nasal polyps can cause destruction of the nasal bones and widening of the nose. As polyps grow larger, they eventually prolapse into the nasal cavity resulting in symptoms.

"Geography of Nigeria"
Nigeria, has a temperature range of to , and an annual rainfall of about with a single rainfall maxima in September. The single Dry season experienced in this climate, the tropical savanna climate in central Nigeria beginning from December to march, is hot and dry with the Harmattan wind, a continental tropical (CT) airmass laden with dust from the Sahara Desert prevailing throughout this period. With the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) swinging northward over West Africa from the Southern Hemisphere in April, heavy showers coming from pre-monsoonal convective clouds mainly in the form of squall lines also known as the

Airmass (MT) in the rainy season of Nigeria, mornings are bright and sunny, the sun's heating of the land in the mornings and afternoons sets up convectional currents, these currents rise vertically and cumulonimbus clouds are formed, by afternoons to evenings, torrential downpour follows. The Easterly wave or the African easterly waves is another major contributor of rainfall during the summer monsoons months of May to September in Nigeria. The nature of this waves changes at about the 15 degrees line. The waves that pass south of this line carry moisture and create convection that leads to rain clouds. Nigeria's

north easterlies formed mainly as a result of the interactions of the two dominant airmasses in Nigeria known as the Maritime tropical(south westerlies) and the Continental tropical(north easterlies), begins in central Nigeria while the Monsoons from the south atlantic ocean arrives in central Nigeria in July bringing with it high humidity, heavy cloud cover and heavy rainfall which can be daily occurrence lasting till September when the monsoons gradually begin retreating southward to the southern part of Nigeria.Rainfall totals in central Nigeria varies from in the lowlands of the river Niger Benue trough to over along the south western escarpment

northern end is south of the 15 degrees line at about 14 degrees. Nigeria's location in the wetter part of the easterly waves south of the 15 degree line creates wetter climatic conditions for Nigeria especially during the monsoons. The Tropical Continental Airmass (CT) locally known as the harmattan, is a wind originating from North Africa which crosses the Sahara Desert into west Africa to Nigeria. This airmass dominates Nigeria's climate during the dry season from December to March. The Tropical continental airmass is dusty and creates a haze within the atmosphere of west Africa and Nigeria when it predominates.

south atlantic ocean, locally known as the south western wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. The tropical maritime airmass (MT) is responsible for Nigeria's rainy season. This wind (the tropical maritime airmass) invades the country from February in the southern part of Nigeria while it takes longer for the wind to fully cover the whole of the country, reaching the northern part of Nigeria in June. Its invasion is as a result of the northward retreat, of the tropical continental airmass (CT)

known as the harmattan. The northward retreat of the tropical continental airmass (CT), is caused by the sun's northward shift from the tropic of capricorn in the southern hemisphere to the tropic of cancer in the northern hemisphere. This shift begins from February and ends in June, when the sun is fully overhead, at the tropic of cancer in the northern hemisphere. During this northward migration of the sun as a result of the earth tilting along its axis, the sun crosses the equator (around March), moving over west Africa at this time on its journey to the northern hemisphere.

clear skies making the dry season in Nigeria a period of warm weather conditions.In the middle of the dry season around December, a dusty wind from the Sahara Desert called the harmattan enters Nigeria from the northeastern part of the country blocking sun rays partially from shining and also creating haze in the atmosphere, this activities of the wind lowers temperatures considerably saving inhabitants for sometime, from the scorching heat that would have occurred as a result of clearer skies during the dry season. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the

around March and last to the end of July with a peak in June, this rainy season is followed by a short dry break in August known as the August break which is a short dry season lasting for two to three weeks in August. This break is broken by the short rainy season starting around early September and lasting to Mid October with a peak period at the end of September. The ending of the short rainy season in October is followed by long dry season. This period starts from late October and lasts till early March with peak

location in the tropics, this elevation is high enough to reach the temperate climate line in the tropics thereby giving the highlands, mountains and the plateau regions standing above this height, a cool mountain climate. Nigeria, like the rest of West Africa and other tropical lands, has only two seasons. These are the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the Sahara Desert, locally known as Harmattan, or by its main name, The Tropical Continental (CT) airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the

dry conditions between early December and late February. The tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate, is extensive in area and covers most of Western Nigeria to central Nigeria beginning from the Tropical rainforest climate boundary in southern Nigeria to the central part of Nigeria, where it exerts enormous influence on the region. This climate, the tropical savanna climate exhibits a well marked rainy season and a dry season with a single peak known as the summer maximum due to its distance from the equator. Temperatures are above throughout the year. Abuja, Nigeria's capital city found in central

"Collective Soul"
Collective Soul Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett. Before forming Collective Soul, singer Ed Roland studied music composition and guitar at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. Since the mid-1980s, Roland was involved in Atlanta's underground music scene making demos and performing. He also worked at Real 2 Reel Studios in Stockbridge, which was owned by bassist Will Turpin's father, Bill Turpin. Roland's duties were producing,

"Ed Roland"
Shane Evans and guitarist Peter Stroud. The album, ""Anniversary"", was dedicated to Roland's wife, Michaeline. Ed Roland Edgar Eugene Roland, Jr. (born August 3, 1963) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and primary songwriter of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also active with a new project, Ed Roland and the Sweet Tea Project. After finishing high school, Roland studied songwriting and guitar at Berklee College of Music in Boston for one year. He was the lead engineer and producer at Real 2 Reel Studios in Stockbridge, Georgia

full live album ""Collective Soul - Live"" on December 8, 2017. The recordings were gathered from concerts the band performed during their 2016 and 2017 tours. According to Ed Roland, the group took its name from a phrase in ""The Fountainhead"", citing that ""we're not preaching Ayn Rand, objectivism, egoism, or anything...we just dug the name."" Billboard Music Awards Collective Soul Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett. Before

Ed Roland Edgar Eugene Roland, Jr. (born August 3, 1963) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and primary songwriter of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also active with a new project, Ed Roland and the Sweet Tea Project. After finishing high school, Roland studied songwriting and guitar at Berklee College of Music in Boston for one year. He was the lead engineer and producer at Real 2 Reel Studios in Stockbridge, Georgia for eight years. In 1985, he was in a band called The Eddie Band and

"Joel Kosche"
lead guitarist."" On May 27, Kosche broke his silence regarding his departure from the band in a post written on Facebook, saying it was not an amicable split and that it had nothing to do with him wanting to pursue a solo career or wanting to ""move on in the world of music."" Joel Kosche Joel Sefton Kosche (born September 20, 1969) is an American musician. He is best known for his thirteen-year tenure as the lead guitarist of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also a solo artist, and tours with his backing band, Joel Kosche Band. His

Joel Kosche Joel Sefton Kosche (born September 20, 1969) is an American musician. He is best known for his thirteen-year tenure as the lead guitarist of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also a solo artist, and tours with his backing band, Joel Kosche Band. His debut solo album, ""Fight Years"", was released in 2010. Kosche self-taught himself to play guitar at age 13, and later trained in classical guitar. Active in Atlanta's music scene, he co-founded the band Rhapsody, and in 1994, along with other members of Rhapsody, he co-founded the progressive rock band Jovian Storm which achieved

mixing and engineering for local Atlanta artists. He recorded his demos and released an independent solo album ""Ed-E Roland"" in 1991. Roland recruited keyboard player and backing vocalist Christopher Dykes, drummer Tony Caporale, and bassist Skip Godwin to play live in clubs and showcase for A/R personnel from various record companies. At this time the group was simply known as ""Ed-E"". They played several local shows, played a part in a CBS ""Movie Of The Week"", and were guests on the local Atlanta television program ""Music Peachtree Style"" where local Atlanta-based artists were interviewed and profiled. That initial version of

"Ross Childress"
Ross Childress Ross Childress (born September 8, 1971) is an American musician. He was the original lead guitarist and co-songwriter for the rock band Collective Soul. Childress was born on September 8, 1971 in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA. Childress grew up with and had played with the original band members of Collective Soul before the group signed to Atlantic Records in early 1994. Over a period of eight years with the band, he recorded on, and toured in support of, five studio albums that have sold over seven million copies and generated seven #1 singles on the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock

Skyzoo
Skyzoo Gregory Skyler Taylor (born December 24, 1982), known professionally as Skyzoo, is an American rapper. He has released a number of notable solo and collaborative albums, including """" with 9th Wonder in 2006, ""The Salvation"" in 2009, ""A Dream Deferred"" in 2012, and his most recent solo album ""Music For My Friends"", which peaked at No. 15 on the US Top Heatseekers chart in 2015. Skyzoo has also released a plethora of free online mixtapes such as ""Corner Store Classic"" and ""The Great Debater"" throughout his career, and has worked with artists such as Jill Scott, Wale, Lloyd Banks,

"Dan Black"
for other artists. Dan Black Daniel Black (born 16 November 1976) is a British recording artist and vocalist. He was also a member of alternative rock band The Servant, before their split in 2007. He has also been a guest vocalist for the Italian British group Planet Funk. After releasing his breakthrough song ""HYPNTZ"", he signed to The:Hours, releasing his first two singles – ""Alone"" and ""Yours"" – in 2008. The following year, he released his most commercially successful single to date, ""Symphonies"". Black was originally a guitarist in Minty, the former band of the late Leigh Bowery. He was

"American wine"
have some acreage in vineyard cultivation. By 2004, 668 million gallons (25.3 million hectoliters) of wine were consumed in the United States. Today, the U.S. produces over 800 million gallons of wine a year, of which California produces more than 84%, followed by Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Oregon. In the second decade of the 21st century, the US wine industry faces the growing challenges of competition from international exports and managing domestic regulations on interstate sales and shipment of wine. There are nearly 3,000 commercial vineyards in the United States, and at least one winery in each of the

50 states. Production of still wine per state in 2016 was as follows: The early American appellation system was based on the political boundaries of states and counties. In September 1978, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (now Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau) developed regulations to establish American Viticultural Areas (AVA) based on distinct climate and geographical features. In June 1980, the Augusta AVA in Missouri was established as the first American Viticultural Area under the new appellation system. For the sake of wine labeling purposes, all the states and county appellations were grandfathered in as appellations.

"Central United States"
Central United States The Central United States is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern and Western United States as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the U.S. Census' definition of the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the U.S. Census' definition of the Southern United States. The Central States are typically considered to consist of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois. Sometimes Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Mississippi, and Alabama are also considered to be central states. 4 of 9 Census Bureau Divisions

"Wine Country (California)"
Valley, and Russian River Valley in Sonoma County. Wine grapes are also grown at higher elevations, such as Atlas Peak and Mount Veeder AVAs. Cities and towns associated with the Wine Country include Santa Rosa, Healdsburg, Sonoma, Kenwood, Petaluma, Sebastopol, Guerneville, Windsor, Geyserville, and Cloverdale in Sonoma County; Napa, Yountville, Rutherford, St. Helena and Calistoga in Napa County; and Hopland and Ukiah in Mendocino County. Lake County is an increasingly important part of the area, surpassing Mendocino County in 2014 in price paid per ton of grapes in the North Coast premium market. Wine Country is generally regarded as the

have names containing ""Central"", though they are not grouped as a region. They include 20 states and 39.45% of the US population as of July 1, 2007. Almost all of the area is in the Gulf of Mexico drainage basin, and most of that is in the Mississippi Basin. Small areas near the Great Lakes drain into the Great Lakes and eventually the St. Lawrence River; the Red River Basin is centered on the North Dakota-Minnesota border and drains to Hudson Bay. The Central Time Zone is the same area plus the Florida Panhandle, minus Ohio, most of Michigan, most

on which varieties of grapes grew best in which regions, held seminars on wine-making techniques, consulted with grape growers and wine-makers, offered academic degrees in viticulture, and promoted the production of quality wines. In the 1970s and 1980s, success by Californian wine-makers in the northern part of the state helped to secure foreign investment from other wine-making regions, most notably the Champenois of France. Wine-makers also cultivated vineyards in Oregon and Washington, on Long Island in New York, and numerous other new locales. Americans became more educated about wines, and increased their demand for high-quality wine. All 50 states now

"Swing state"
Larry Sabato's Crystal Ball, Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight, and other electoral analysts. From the results of recent presidential elections, a general conclusion was reached that the Democratic and Republican parties start with a default electoral vote count of 188 each. In this scenario, the twelve competitive states are Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Minnesota, Ohio, Iowa, Virginia, Florida, Michigan, Nevada, Colorado, and North Carolina. However, this projection was not specific to any particular election cycle, and assumed similar levels of support for both parties. The electoral college encourages political campaigners to focus on these swing states while ignoring the rest of

"America's Top States For Business"
America's Top States For Business America's Top States For Business CNBC, a division of NBC Universal, has been ranking state business climates annually since 2007. According to information compiled by CNBC, both from private industry sources, as well as State and Federal agencies, there have been increases and decreases in many U.S State's economies. Specifically, there have been sizable changes in state population, state GDP per capita, unemployment rates, foreclosure rates, budget gaps, and corporate tax rates. CNBC's state rankings are based on 10 categories: Cost of Doing Business, Workforce, Quality of Life, Infrastructure, Economy, Education, Technology & Innovation, Business,

region of western New York. During this time, the Missouri wine industry, centered on the German colony in Hermann, was expanding rapidly along both shores of the Missouri River west of St. Louis. By the end of the century, the state was second to California in wine production. In the late 19th century, the phylloxera epidemic in the West and Pierce's disease in the East ravaged the American wine industry. Prohibition in the United States began when the state of Maine became the first state to go completely dry in 1846. Nationally, Prohibition was implemented after ratification by the states

"Beer in the United States"
has the fewest. Portland, Oregon is currently home to 58 breweries, more than any other city in the world. Vermont, Montana, Oregon, Alaska and Colorado have the highest number of breweries per million inhabitants in the nation. California, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Ohio and Oregon have the highest total craft output, respectively. Until recently, legal restrictions have prevented craft breweries from flourishing in the South, such as limitations on the alcohol content of beer and the questionable legal status of homebrewing in many Southern states. In recent years, however, Mississippi has raised the limit on the alcohol content of beer from 5%

"B. R. Ambedkar"
not been published yet, more than 30 volumes can be made from his unpublished writing literature. Primary sources B. R. Ambedkar Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables (""Dalits""), while also supporting the rights of women and labour. He was independent India's first law and justice minister, the principal architect of the Constitution of India, and a founding father of the Republic of India. Ambedkar was a prolific student

B. R. Ambedkar Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables (""Dalits""), while also supporting the rights of women and labour. He was independent India's first law and justice minister, the principal architect of the Constitution of India, and a founding father of the Republic of India. Ambedkar was a prolific student earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics and gained a reputation

"Bal Gangadhar Tilak"
Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak, ; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him ""The father of the Indian unrest."" He was also conferred with the title of ""Lokmanya"", which means ""accepted by the people (as their leader)"". Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj (""self-rule"") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: ""Swarajya

extra-marital affair accused him of rape and other crimes. He is currently out on bail in connection with these charges. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak, ; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him ""The father of the Indian unrest."" He was also conferred with the title of ""Lokmanya"", which means ""accepted by the people (as their leader)"". Tilak was one of the first and strongest

"Mahadev Govind Ranade"
Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahadev Govind Ranade (18 January 1842 - 16 January 1901) was an Indian scholar, social reformer and author. He was a founding member of the Indian National Congress party and owned several designations as member of the Bombay legislative council, member of the finance committee at the centre, and judge of the Bombay High Court. As a well known public figure, his personality as a calm and patient optimist influenced his attitude towards dealings with Britain as well as reform in India. During his life he helped to establish the Vaktruttvottejak Sabha, the ""Poona Sarvajanik Sabha"" and

"K. P. Jayaswal"
to scholars"". K. P. Jayaswal Kashi Prasad Jayaswal (27 November 1881 – 4 August 1937) was an Indian historian and lawyer. One of the intellectual forces behind the Indian nationalist movement, Jayaswal's works ""Hindu Polity"" (1918) and ""History of India, 150 A.D. to 350 A.D."" (1933) are classics of ancient Indian historical literature. Among other things, he is credited with showing that Indian republics, based on the principles of representation and collective decision-making, were among the oldest and most powerful of the ancient world. K. P. Jayaswal was born in Mirzapur, North-Western Provinces (now in Uttar Pradesh), and graduated from

"Ram Mohan Roy"
Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1774 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by many historians as the ""Father of the Indian Renaissance."" In 2004, Roy was ranked

of life and transformed the way India today looks at socio-economic policies, education and affirmative action through socio-economic and legal incentives. His reputation as a scholar led to his appointment as free India's first law minister, and chairman of the committee for drafting the constitution. He passionately believed in individual freedom and criticised caste society. His accusations of Hinduism as being the foundation of the caste system made him controversial and unpopular among conventional Hindus. His conversion to Buddhism sparked a revival in interest in Buddhist philosophy in India and abroad. Commemorations of B. R. Ambedkar are found throughout the

K. P. Jayaswal Kashi Prasad Jayaswal (27 November 1881 – 4 August 1937) was an Indian historian and lawyer. One of the intellectual forces behind the Indian nationalist movement, Jayaswal's works ""Hindu Polity"" (1918) and ""History of India, 150 A.D. to 350 A.D."" (1933) are classics of ancient Indian historical literature. Among other things, he is credited with showing that Indian republics, based on the principles of representation and collective decision-making, were among the oldest and most powerful of the ancient world. K. P. Jayaswal was born in Mirzapur, North-Western Provinces (now in Uttar Pradesh), and graduated from Allahabad University.

"Nabagopal Mitra"
Nabagopal Mitra Nabagopal Mitra () (1840–1894) was an Indian playwright, poet, essayist, patriot and one of the founding fathers of Hindu nationalism. He founded the Hindu Mela (which was inaugurated by Rajnarayan Basu ) the pioneer institution behind the genesis of Hindu nationalism. Mitra also founded National Press, National Paper, National Society, National School, National Theatre, National Store, National Gymnasium and National Circus, earning him the sobriquet 'National Mitra'. Nabagopal Mitra was born into a Bengali Hindu Kayastha family residing at Shankar Ghosh Lane, near Cornwallis Street in Kolkata. The year of birth is disputed. While most historians agree that

"Lori Grimes"
as Lori, Callies was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television in 2010, and was among the cast members of ""The Walking Dead ""winning the Satellite Award for Best Cast - Television Series in 2012. Lori Grimes is an average middle-class housewife living in Cynthiana, Kentucky. As the outbreak begins, she and her son, Carl, are evacuated out of the city with help from her husband Rick's best friend and work partner, Shane Walsh, in hopes of getting to where her parents live. During the evacuation, the guilt that she has been wracked with over abandoning Rick

season episode ""Pretty Much Dead Already"". ""Los Angeles Times"" columnist Laura Hudson felt it was a grim departure for a character who endured long bouts of grief for reasons beyond her control. Erik Kain from ""Forbes"" magazine found Lori's death especially difficult to watch, and was shocked by T-Dog's ""sudden"" death despite the fact that he ""was never as prominent a figure"" on the program. ""As hard as these deaths were to watch,"" Kain wrote, ""they also give me faith in the show."" Even though he stated that T-Dog died ""a hero's death"", Michael Rapoport of the ""Wall Street Journal""

security. While at the prison, she also begins to deepen her bond with fellow survivor Carol Peletier. Lori is frequently concerned with the well-being of both her family and the rest of the group. After giving birth to an infant girl that she and Rick name Judith, she remains extremely protective over her. During the final stages of the prison assault led by The Governor, Lori suffers a fatal shotgun blast to the back by Lilly Caul while she is carrying Judith. When Lori falls, Judith is crushed to death beneath her weight. Lori's death leaves Rick and Carl emotional

concluded that Lori's ""gut-churning"" demise was the more memorable. Lori's demise was featured in ""The Huffington Post"" list of ""The Biggest 'OMG' TV Moments of 2012"", and placed nineteenth in ""Slate"" article covering the year's most noteworthy television moments. Journalist Chris Kirk said that the segment was ""utterly surprising"", and pointed out that the writers beguiled viewers by shedding light onto Lori's crumbled relationship with Rick. In contrast, Zack Handlen of ""The A.V. Club"" in his review felt the episode ""stumble[d]"" in how [...] Lori [was] eliminated and in how the Woodbury storyline repeated what was already known. Handlen commented

""Paste"" wrote, ""If that was a challenge from the writers, though, Sarah Wayne Callies has to feel like they're just messing with her at this point. Her character, Lori, basically tells Rick that Shane needs to be put down, and then treats him like a monster when he’s forced to follow through with it."" The fates of Lori and the character of T-Dog in the episode ""Killer Within"" garnered favorable reviews from television commentators. According to HitFix writer Alan Sepinwall, the moment when Lori and Carl share their goodbyes was the most heartbreaking event since the ending of the second

wrecks. Rick suffers frightening hallucinations, both visual and auditory, at one point even using a phone to have what he believes are actual conversations with his deceased wife. He confides in Michonne, who has also talked to a deceased loved one to help the coping process. Carl frequently blames Rick for Lori and Judith's deaths. Lori's husband Rick is wounded in the line of duty and left in a coma during the outbreak. Lori, believing him to be dead, takes Carl and accompanies Rick's best friend Shane as they head to Atlanta. They befriend Carol and her family while on

Beth from committing suicide. When Dale is attacked by a walker and the group forced to euthanize him, Lori apologizes to Shane for how she had been treating him. Events at the farm lead to a confrontation between Rick and Shane, and Rick is forced to shoot and kill Shane when Shane attacks him. In the aftermath, a horde of walkers, drawn by the gunfire, swarm the farmstead, and Rick's group is forced to abandon it. As they regroup on the highway, Lori learns of the circumstances around Shane's death, and becomes troubled by Rick's actions. Over the next several

Lori Grimes Lori Grimes is a fictional character from the comic book series ""The Walking Dead"" and is portrayed by Sarah Wayne Callies in the American television series of the same name. Created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, the character made her debut in ""The Walking Dead"" #2 in 2003. In both forms of media, she is the wife of protagonist Rick Grimes and mother of Carl and Judith. The character escapes the zombie apocalypse with Carl, and Rick's partner Shane Walsh. Believing her husband to be dead, she starts a relationship with Shane. For her performance

and has the group practice Caesarean section on dispatched walkers. Sometime later, Andrew lures a group of walkers back to the prison to get his revenge. The group is forced to scatter as the walkers flood; the fright causes Lori to enter into labor, and she, Carl, and Maggie take shelter in a boiler room. Lori's fears are affirmed about the birth, and she instructs Maggie to perform an improvised Cesarean section on her, knowing that without painkillers or anesthetic, this will likely be fatal for her. She says her goodbyes to Carl before Maggie starts. Lori's daughter is recovered

"Welcome to the Tombs"
humanity he strayed from during the conflict with The Governor. ""Welcome to the Tombs"" was directed by Ernest Dickerson, and written by showrunner and executive producer Glen Mazzara. However, the scenes involving Andrea were re-written by Scott M. Gimple. It features the last overall and credited appearances of Sarah Wayne Callies as Lori Grimes (via hallucination) and Laurie Holden as Andrea. Callies' character was killed off in the fourth episode of the season, ""Killer Within"", although she made sporadic appearances across the season while remaining credited in every episode due to her role in Rick's arc. Although credited, Michael Rooker

Ramavataram
Ramavataram Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by the Tamil poet Kambar during the 12th century. Based on Valmiki's ""Ramayana"" (which is in Sanskrit), the story describes the life of King Rama of Ayodhya. However, ""Ramavatharam"" is different from the Sanskrit original in many aspects - both in spiritual concepts and in the specifics of the storyline. This historic work is considered by both Tamil scholars and the general public as one of the greatest literary works in Tamil literature. Kambar wrote this epic with the patronage of Thiruvennai Nallur Sadayappa Vallal,

Ramacharitam
Ramacharitam The Ramacharitam is a Sanskrit epic poem written in ""Arya metre"" by Sandhyakar Nandi during Pala Empire, between approximately 1050 and 1150 CE. This work simultaneously narrates the story of the Ramayana and the Pala king Ramapala. The work is biased in favour of Ramapala, but remains an important historical source for the Pala history. The text details the historical events in Bengal from the assassination of the Pala emperor Mahipala II by Divya, a rebel Kaivarta officer up to the reign of Madanapala in 215 verses, by using a figure of speech, the ""Shlesha"" (double-meaning words) in each

verse. A palm-leaf manuscript of the ""Ramacharitam"" discovered by Haraprasad Shastri is preserved in the museum of the Asiatic Society, Kolkata. Ramacharitam The Ramacharitam is a Sanskrit epic poem written in ""Arya metre"" by Sandhyakar Nandi during Pala Empire, between approximately 1050 and 1150 CE. This work simultaneously narrates the story of the Ramayana and the Pala king Ramapala. The work is biased in favour of Ramapala, but remains an important historical source for the Pala history. The text details the historical events in Bengal from the assassination of the Pala emperor Mahipala II by Divya, a rebel Kaivarta officer

Ramayana
Ramayana Ramayana (; , """" ) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the ""Mahabharata"", it forms the Hindu Itihasa. The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of

Ramayana
his wife by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king. There have been many attempts to unravel the epic's historical growth and compositional layers; various recent scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text range from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE, with later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE. The ""Ramayana"" is one of the largest ancient epics in world literature. It consists of nearly 24,000 verses (mostly set in the Shloka meter), divided into seven Kandas and about 500 sargas

Ramcharitmanas
Ramcharitmanas Ramcharitmanas (Devanāgarī: , IAST: ŚrīRāmacaritamānasa), is an epic poem in the language Awadhi, composed by the 16th-century Indian bhakti poet Goswami Tulsidas (c.1532–1623). ""Ramcharitmanas"" literally means ""Lake of the deeds of Rama"". ""Ramcharitmanas"" is considered one of the greatest works of Hindi literature. The work has variously been acclaimed as ""the living sum of Indian culture"", ""the tallest tree in the magic garden of medieval Indian poetry"", ""the greatest book of all devotional literature"" and ""the best and most trustworthy guide to the popular living faith of the Indian people"". Tulsidas (the Sanskrit name of Tulsidas can be transliterated

Ramayana
""Ramayana"" written by various authors in India. Some of them differ significantly from each other. During the 12th century, Kamban wrote Ramavataram, known popularly as Kambaramayanam in Tamil. A Telugu version, Ranganatha Ramayanam, was written by Gona Budda Reddy in the 14th century. The earliest translation to a regional Indo-Aryan language is the early 14th century Saptakanda Ramayana in Assamese by Madhava Kandali. Valmiki's ""Ramayana"" inspired Sri Ramacharit Manas by Tulsidas in 1576, an epic Awadhi (a dialect of Hindi) version with a slant more grounded in a different realm of Hindu literature, that of bhakti; it is an acknowledged

of Vishnu himself. The chapter ""Sundara Kandam"" is considered very auspicious and is the most popular. The chapter talks about the hardships faced by the main characters in the epic, their practice of restraint, and their hopes for a better tomorrow. Ramavataram Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by the Tamil poet Kambar during the 12th century. Based on Valmiki's ""Ramayana"" (which is in Sanskrit), the story describes the life of King Rama of Ayodhya. However, ""Ramavatharam"" is different from the Sanskrit original in many aspects - both in spiritual concepts and

Rama
the ""Ramayana"" in a vernacular dialect of Hindi language, commonly understood in northern India. ""Ramacharitamanasa"" was composed in the 16th century by Tulsidas. The popular text is notable for synthesizing the epic story in a Bhakti movement framework, wherein the original legends and ideas morph in an expression of spiritual bhakti (devotional love) for a personal god. Tulsidas was inspired by ""Adhyatma Ramayana"", where Rama and other characters of the ""Valmiki Ramayana"" along with their attributes (""saguna"" narrative) were transposed into spiritual terms and abstract rendering of an ""Atma"" (soul, self, Brahman) without attributes (""nirguna"" reality). According to Kapoor, Rama's

"Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II"
8 September, the armistice was made public and a government was set up in southern Italy. What was known as the ""Badoglio Government"" joined the Allies against the Axis. The main attack, Operation Avalanche, was delivered on 9 September at Salerno. Salerno was chosen for the site of the attack because it was the furthest north that the single-engined fighters based in Sicily could realistically provide cover. Escort carriers also stood off shore to supplement the cover given by land-based aircraft. A subsidiary landing, Operation Slapstick, was also made on the same day at the Italian naval base of Taranto

the advance is generally credited to them being unaware of the British strength, and the activity of British naval forces operating in the Mediterranean to interfere with Italian supply lines. There were Royal Navy seaports at Alexandria, Haifa, and Port Said. Following the halt of the Italian Tenth Army, the British used the Western Desert Force's Jock columns to harass their lines in Egypt. On 11 November 1940, the Royal Navy crippled or destroyed three Italian battleships in the Battle of Taranto. Then, on 8 December 1940, Operation Compass began. Planned as an extended raid, a force of British, Indian

King George VI in early 1942. In late 1942 Operation Torch, the first large Allied combined operation, was launched. The British and Americans landed in force invading French North Africa, but far enough west that the Germans were able to invade Tunisia (owned by France) and make it their base of operations. Torch was followed by Operation Husky the invasion of Sicily, and Operation Avalanche, the invasion of southern Italy. Again the naval forces escorted the invasion fleet and heavy cover was provided against Italian interference. In the aftermath of Avalanche, the Italian surrender was announced and the British naval

mainland until the surrender of German forces in Italy in May 1945. On 10 July 1943, Sicily was invaded. The operation, named Operation Husky, was directed from Malta. British forces attacked on the eastern flank of the landing, with the British Eighth Army's XXX Corps coming ashore at Cape Passero and XIII Corps at Syracuse. The Eighth Army's job was to advance up the east coast of Sicily. Originally British forces were to have the main role in the attack on the island but, when their advance slowed, the American Seventh Army on the west side of the island swept

to be impossible to sustain bases in the face of aerial threat. British forces in Narvik were withdrawn as well. As a consequence of the loss of Norway and Denmark, the Royal Navy commenced a pre-emptive occupation of the Faroe Islands on 12 April 1940. On 10 May 1940, the Royal Navy occupied Iceland to install naval and air bases on this Atlantic island. Following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, the British Expeditionary Force was sent to the Franco-Belgian border in mid-September. The first deployment was completed by 11 October 1939 at which point 158,000 men

Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II The United Kingdom, along with most of its Dominions and Crown colonies declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939, after the German invasion of Poland. War with Japan began in December 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia. The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in 1945. For the domestic history see home fronts during World War II and Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II. Although the UK had increased military spending and funding prior to 1939 in response to the increasing

troops entered France through the Ardennes on 13 May. Most Allied forces were in Flanders, anticipating a re-run of the World War I Schlieffen Plan. The push by the German Army Group A towards the coast combined with the approach of Army Group B from the northeast left the BEF surrounded on three sides and cut off from their supply depots by 21 May. The British forces attempted to stop the offensive and launched counter-attacks including at Arras on 21 May. The BEF was unable to repel the Germans and it became clear that the Channel ports were threatened. Fresh

around the town of Amba Alagi, before they were finally defeated. Amba Alagi fell in mid-May 1941. The last significant Italian forces surrendered at Gondar in November 1941, receiving full military honors. After December 1941, some Italians launched a limited guerrilla war in Ethiopia and Eritrea that lasted until the middle of 1943 when Italy left the war, (see Armistice with Italy). After Rommel's first offensive, a reorganisation of British command took place. In November 1941, the British Eighth Army was activated under Lieutenant General Sir Alan Cunningham. Its first offensive failed disastrously as German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel blunted

as Burcorps was formed under Lieutenant General Sir William Slim, later to gain fame as the commander of the Fourteenth Army. Burcorps retreated almost constantly, and suffered several disastrous losses, but it eventually managed to reach India in May 1942, just before the monsoon broke. Had it still been in Burma after the monsoon broke, it would have been cut off, and likely destroyed by the Japanese. The divisions making up Burcorps were withdrawn from the line for long refit periods. Operations in Burma over the remainder of 1942 and in 1943 were a study of military frustration. The United

became a race. The Germans were pouring men and supplies into Tunisia, and the Allies were trying to get sufficient troops into the country quickly enough to stop them before the need for a full-scale campaign to drive them out occurred. Just before Operation Torch, the Second Battle of El Alamein was being fought in Egypt. The new commander of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Montgomery, had the opportunity to conclusively defeat the Panzerarmee Afrika under Erwin Rommel, since Rommel was at the end of enormously stretched supply lines, the British were close to their supply bases, and

"Patriot Games"
is sentenced to life imprisonment for the kidnapping attempt; however, his ULA compatriots led by Kevin O’Donnell free him while he is being transported to a maximum security prison in the Isle of Wight. They are then aided by Libyan allies in escaping into their secret training camp in the North African desert. Miller vows revenge on Ryan for making his recent operation fail. Ryan is back teaching history in the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, relieved with the fact that the ULA will not attack him in the United States. Unbeknownst to him, Miller had persuaded his

Ryan’s home and kidnap the Prince and Princess of Wales, as well as Ryan’s family. Although several guards around the house, including Secret Service personnel, are killed, Ryan, his friend, fighter pilot Robert “Robby” Jackson, and the Prince manage to kill some of the terrorists. They later receive assistance from the local police, the United States Marines, and sailors from the U.S. Naval Academy, who prevent the remaining terrorists from escaping the country in a container ship. Ryan encounters a cornered Miller and tries to kill him, but is restrained by his weapons instructor. After the ULA terrorists are apprehended,

to crash on a freeway; they are later transported by helicopter to the University of Maryland Medical Center for treatment. After the attack on his family, Ryan accepts an offer from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to start working as an analyst at their headquarters, partly to collect more information about the previously little-known ULA. Later, the Prince and Princess of Wales come to visit Ryan at his house in Maryland. However, this provides another opportunity for the ULA to strike, once again recruiting the services of “the Movement”. The night of the visit, they launch a sneak attack on

"Patriot Games (film)"
attempt by two terrorists outside the United States Naval Academy. Later, Miller and a henchman attack Ryan's wife and daughter on a busy highway, injuring them both. Enraged over the attack on his family, Ryan decides to go back to work for the CIA, having earlier rejected the appeal of his former superior, Vice Admiral James Greer. Ryan's work leads him to conclude that Miller has taken refuge in a training camp in Libya. A Special Air Service team attacks and kills everyone in the camp while Ryan looks on through a live satellite feed. Unbeknownst to Ryan, Miller and

"The Patriot (wrestler)"
and as of July 2007, Wilkes resides in Columbia, South Carolina with his wife, Cathy and works at Dick Smith Nissan as a car salesman. In a July 25, 2007 interview with WACH reporter Justin Kier, Wilkes discussed his career, steroid use, the Chris Benoit tragedy, and various other topics. Kier's last two questions involved saying goodbye to the fans and giving advice to youngsters in the wrestling business. Wilkes urged young wrestlers to ""learn from our mistakes."" He said that fifty people who he once worked with in the wrestling business are now dead. Wilkes has appeared on episodes

his companions had already fled the camp and were on their way to the U.S. to stage their next attack. Lord Holmes decides to visit Ryan at his home to formally present his honorary knighthood. With the aid of Lord Holmes' traitorous assistant, Miller's group tracks Holmes to Ryan's house in Maryland. They kill the DSS agents and state troopers guarding the residence, and make an attempt to kidnap Lord Holmes. Ryan leads Holmes and his family to safety while he attempts to lure Miller and his companions away from the home. The FBI's Hostage Rescue Team scrambles to pick

"Jack Ryan (character)"
passed his stockbroker's exam and took a position with Wall Street investment firm Merrill Lynch's Baltimore office. His parents died in a plane crash at Chicago Midway International Airport 19 months after his crash in Crete. He developed a fear of flying that persisted for years. The film version of ""The Hunt for Red October"" changed his education background to being a 1972 graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, 20 miles south of Baltimore in the state capital. In the 2018 Amazon Prime series, Ryan's Ph.D. is in economics rather than history. While managing clients' portfolios,

superior O’Donnell to launch an operation in the U.S. aimed at targeting Ryan and his family, and had recruited the assistance of an African-American domestic terrorist group referred to as “the Movement” to do so. While the op is an act of revenge, it is also designed to reduce American support for the rival PIRA, which is to be blamed for the upcoming attack. The assassin sent to kill Ryan at his place of work is intercepted before he manages to complete his task. However, his wife Cathy and their daughter Sally are seriously injured when Miller causes their car

"Jack Ryan (film series)"
by Ryan, the American submarine USS Dallas will try to assist the ""Red October"" in escaping from attacks by the Soviet submarine ""V.K. Konovalov"" so that it may be brought safely into US waters. Patriot Games (1992) begins with former CIA analyst, Jack Ryan (Harrison Ford), now a professor at the U.S. Naval Academy, who was badly wounded after intervening in an attack on the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in London and killing one of the assailants. The remaining attackers were able to escape, including Sean Miller (Sean Bean), the brother of the man Ryan killed. Miller

on June 5, 1992 and spent two weeks as the No. 1 film, grossing $178,051,587 in worldwide box office business. The next installment in the film series, ""Clear and Present Danger"", also starred Ford and Archer. Retired CIA analyst Jack Ryan is on vacation with his family in London. They witness a terrorist attack on Lord William Holmes, Minister of State for Northern Ireland. Ryan intervenes and is injured, but he kills one of the assailants, Patrick Miller, while his older brother Sean Miller looks on. The remaining attackers flee, as Sean is apprehended by the police. While recovering, Ryan

"Blue Bloods (season 8)"
Blue Bloods (season 8) The eighth season of ""Blue Bloods"", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 11, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an ""and"" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) left

"Blue Bloods (TV series)"
ninth season, which premiered on September 28, 2018. The series follows the Reagan family of police officers with the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Francis Xavier ""Frank"" Reagan is the Police Commissioner. Frank's oldest son Danny is an NYPD detective, his youngest son Jamie is an NYPD police officer (later sergeant), and his daughter Erin is an assistant district attorney. Frank's second-oldest son Joe was murdered by a crooked cop in the line of duty in events that pre-date the series, when he was involved with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigating a group of corrupt NYPD cops

between Seasons 7 and 8. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko, continue to receive ""also starring"" billing for season 8. Appearing regularly and receiving ""special guest star"" billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 8) The eighth season of ""Blue Bloods"", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season contained 22 episodes

Brooklyn is used for exterior shots of the Reagan house. The series received $79 million in tax breaks from the state of New York for its seasons four through seven. In Australia, the series premiered on Network Ten's primary channel on February 2, 2011. Due to poor ratings of the first season, Ten moved the series to its HD channel One, which premiered the second season on October 31, 2011. Due to decreased viewership of Ten's primary channel, season three moved back from August 26, 2013, and season four returned on March 17, 2014. In New Zealand, the series premiered

two was moved from the network's primary SD channel to its HD channel ""one"" alongside ""White Collar"", then on August 26, 2013, the show moved back to the primary SD channel on Mondays for season three. In New Zealand, the show premieres on July 13, 2013 on ""TV3"""" ""replacing in a primetime Saturday slot after """". On October 20, 2012, CBS announced that Jennifer Esposito was being dropped from the series, with her character, Detective Curatola, being placed on indefinite leave of absence. Esposito and CBS had been at odds over her limited availability for work after the actress was

Blue Bloods (TV series) Blue Bloods is an American police procedural fictional drama series that airs on CBS. The series is filmed on location in New York City with occasional references to nearby suburbs. The series debuted on September 24, 2010, with episodes airing on Fridays following """" before being moved to Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time and 9:00 p.m. Central and Mountain time for a four-week tryout. After four weeks, it returned to its original Friday 10:00 p.m. Eastern time slot, where it has remained since. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a

"Blue Bloods (season 9)"
Blue Bloods (season 9) The ninth season of ""Blue Bloods"", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 28, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fifth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an ""and"" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko,

continue to receive ""also starring"" billing for season 9. Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide, appear regularly and receive ""special guest star"" billing. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 9) The ninth season of ""Blue Bloods"", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 28, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next,

+ 7 days after with viewings from DVRs. Without the DVR adding to the live viewing the show's debut episode garnered a total of 13.02 million viewers. Overall, the ratings have been steady for the series, after the pilot episode. The lowest viewer total of 8.88 million occurred in episode eight of season seven (which ran against Game 3 of the 2016 World Series), and is to date the only episode that had fewer than 9 million initial-broadcast viewers. The second-season finale on May 11, 2012, was watched by 10.73 million viewers and received a 1.2/4 ratings/share among adults ages

on TV3 on July 13, 2013. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Sky Atlantic premiered the series on February 1, 2011, with season two returning on October 4, 2011, season three on December 13, 2012, and season four on November 28, 2013. Season five premiered on January 21, 2015. Reruns of ""Blue Bloods"" air nationally in the United States on Ion Television and WGN America, the latter of which airs the show daily. CBS Television Distribution currently distributes the series to local outlets on weekends, with two episodes being offered. Repeats of ""Blue Bloods"" air on Pick in the UK.

"Ramkamal Sen"
Ramkamal Sen Ramkamal Sen () (1783–1844) was the Diwan of the Treasury, Treasurer of the Bank of Bengal and Secretary of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Born at Gariffa village on the banks of the Hooghly River, he proceeded to Kolkata in 1791 for his education His grandson was the pre-eminent social reformer and founder of the Nababidhan Brahmo Samaj, Keshab Chandra Sen"" A self-made man, starting as a petty compositor earning eight rupees a month, ""He worked for several years in a Hindustani press after which he was appointed as a clerk in the Asiatic Society"". Shibnath Shastri writes, ""by

"Ashutosh Mukherjee"
Calcutta. He was often called """"Banglar Bagh"""" (""Tiger of Bengal"") for his high self-esteem, courage, academic integrity and a general intransigent attitude towards the British Government. Ashutosh Mukherjee was born on 29 June 1864 at Bowbazar, Kolkata to Jagattarini Devi and Ganga Prasad Mukhopadhyaya, a well-known doctor who founded the South Sub Urban School in Calcutta. Among his ancestors were several distinguished Sanskrit scholars, including Pandit Ramchandra Tarkalankar, a professor of ""nyaya"" who had been appointed by Warren Hastings to that chair at the Sanskrit College in Kolkata. Brought up in an atmosphere of science and literature at home, young

"Mahendralal Sarkar"
Mahendralal Sarkar Mahendralal Sarkar CIE (other spellings: মহেন্দ্রলাল সরকার, Mahendra Lal Sarkar, Mahendralal Sircar, Mahendralal Sircir; 2 November 1833 – 23 February 1904) was a Bengali medical doctor (MD), the second MD graduatuated from the Calcutta Medical College, social reformer, and propagator of scientific studies in nineteenth-century India. He was the founder of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. Mahendralal Sarkar was born at Paikpara village in Howrah district, near Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) in the Bengal Province of British India. He lost both his parents early in life, his father when he was five years old

Ashutosh Mukherjee Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee CSI, FASB, FRSE, FRAS, MRIA (anglicised, originally Āśutōṣh Mukhōpādhyāẏa, also anglicised to Asutosh Mookerjee) (29 June 1864 – 25 May 1924) was a prolific Bengali educator, jurist, barrister and mathematician. He was the first student to be awarded a dual degree (MA in Mathematics and Physics) from Calcutta University. Perhaps the most emphatic figure of Indian education, he was a man of great personality, high self-respect, courage and towering administrative ability. The second Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta for four consecutive two-year terms (1906–1914) and a fifth two-year term (1921–23), Mukherjee was responsible

"Sorabji Pochkhanawala"
Sorabji Pochkhanawala Sir Sorabji Nusserwanji Pochkhanawala (9 August 1881 – 4 July 1937) was an Indian Parsi banker and one of the founders of the Central Bank of India. Sorabji Pochkhanawala was born in Bombay (Mumbai) to Nasserwanji Pochkhanawala and Bai Gulbai. His father died when Sorabji was six, leaving the family in poverty as most of their savings had been lost in a bank failure. The eldest son, Hirjibhoy, a clerk in the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, assumed responsibility for the family and raised Sorabji, his brother Edulji and their sister. After matriculating from Bombay University

"Anandamohan Bose"
Anandamohan Bose Ananda Mohan Bose () (23 September 1847 – 20 August 1906), a barrister, was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj. He co-founded the Indian National Association, one of the earliest Indian political organizations, and later became a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. In 1874, he became the first Indian Wrangler (a student who has completed the third year of the Mathematical Tripos with first-class honours) of the Cambridge University. He was also a prominent religious leader of Brahmoism and with Sivanath Sastri a leading light of Adi Dharm. Anandamohan was born

"Manohar Lal (economist)"
Manohar Lal (economist) Sir Manohar Lal (31 December 1871 – 1 May 1949) was a Punjabi economist, lawyer and politician during the British Raj. Lal was born into a Hindu family in Fazilka, Punjab. He was schooled in Fazilka and Ferozepur before reading English at Forman Christian College where he achieved a first. He subsequently won a scholarship to St John's College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he became the first Indian to secure a first in the Moral Sciences Tripos, studying economics under Alfred Marshall. In 1904 he was awarded the prestigious Cobden Prize ahead of D. H. MacGregor and later

"Amartya Sen"
Sciences in 1998 and India's Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics. In 2017, Sen was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for most valuable contribution to Political Science. In 2004, Sen was ranked number 14 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time. Amartya Sen was born in a Bengali Hindu family in Santiniketan in West Bengal, British India, on the campus on Rabindranath Tagore's Viswa-Bharati University, to Ashutosh Sen and Amita Sen. Rabindranath Tagore gave Amartya Sen his name (Bengali অমর্ত্য ""ômorto"", lit. ""immortal""). Sen's family was from Wari and Manikganj,

He also arranged for Sarala Devi Chaudhurani's attendance in the evening lectures at IACS, so that she could pursue higher studies in physics. He was a fellow of Calcutta University and an honorary magistrate and Sheriff of Calcutta (1887). He was made a CIE in 1883 and honoured with an honorary doctorate degree by University of Calcutta in 1898. Mahendralal Sarkar Mahendralal Sarkar CIE (other spellings: মহেন্দ্রলাল সরকার, Mahendra Lal Sarkar, Mahendralal Sircar, Mahendralal Sircir; 2 November 1833 – 23 February 1904) was a Bengali medical doctor (MD), the second MD graduatuated from the Calcutta Medical College, social reformer, and

"Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff"
Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff (4 June 1899 – 27 October 1965) was an eminent industrialist, banker and economist of India. In 1944, Shroff served as a non-official (since India was not yet independent) delegate at the United Nations ""Bretton Woods Conference"" on post-war monetary and financial systems. In the same year, and with seven other leading industrialists, Shroff co-authored the Bombay Plan, which was a set of proposals for the development of the post-independence Indian economy. In the 1950s, Shroff was founder-director of the Investment Corporation of India and company chairman of Bank of India and the New

"X-Men (film series)"
film series is the second highest-grossing film series based on Marvel Comics characters after the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In North America, it is the fifth-highest-grossing film series, having earned over $2.3 billion. Worldwide, it is the sixth-highest-grossing film series of all time, having grossed over $5.7 billion. Wesley Morris of ""The Boston Globe"" praised the first three ""X-Men"" films as ""more than a cash-guzzling wham-bang Hollywood franchise ... these three movies sport philosophy, ideas, a telethon-load of causes, and a highly elastic us-versus-them allegory."" Morris praised ""X-Men: The Last Stand"" for ""put[ting] the heroes of a mighty summer blockbuster in

worldwide gross of $788.4 million to date, the films constitute the 57th highest-grossing film series. The films have been nominated for four Academy Awards, winning one for Sound Effects (now Sound Editing) in ""The Hunt for Red October"" (at the 63rd Awards). The continuity of the films differ from the novels. In the novels, ""Patriot Games"" occurs before ""The Hunt for Red October"", though the order was reversed in the film versions. Additionally, ""The Sum of All Fears"" is not part of the Baldwin/Ford series, but rather an intended reboot of the franchise, and therefore departs significantly from the chronology

2017 and a Deadpool duology from 2016 to 2018. Three ""X-Men"" prequels were also released from 2011 to 2016. ""X-Men"", ""X2: X-Men United"", """", ""The Wolverine"", """", ""Deadpool"", ""Logan"" and ""Deadpool 2"" were all met with positive reviews from critics, ""X-Men: The Last Stand"" and """" were met with mixed reviews, while """" received negative reviews. With eleven films released, the ""X-Men"" film series is the sixth highest-grossing film series, having grossed over worldwide. It is set to continue with the releases of ""Dark Phoenix"" and ""The New Mutants"" in 2019 and ""Gambit"" in 2020. The film introduces Wolverine and

"Captain America: The First Avenger"
million in what was the second highest-grossing opening weekend for a superhero film in 2011, behind ""Thor"" ($65.7 million). ""Captain America: The First Avenger"" is the third highest-grossing motion picture set during the World War II era, after ""Saving Private Ryan"" and ""Pearl Harbor"". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 79% approval rating with an average rating of 6.9/10 based on 258 reviews. The website's consensus reads, ""With plenty of pulpy action, a pleasantly retro vibe, and a handful of fine performances, ""Captain America"" is solidly old-fashioned blockbuster entertainment."" Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score, rated the

Carter, Arnim Zola and Nick Fury, respectively. They are joined by Scarlett Johansson, Anthony Mackie, and Robert Redford as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow, Sam Wilson / Falcon, and Alexander Pierce, respectively. ""Captain America: Civil War"" was released on May 6, 2016, and again is directed by the Russo brothers. Evans, Johansson, Stan and Mackie reprise their roles from ""The Winter Soldier"", and they are joined by Robert Downey, Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, Paul Bettany as Vision, Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, Don Cheadle as James ""Rhodey"" Rhodes / War Machine, Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda

Captain America: The First Avenger Captain America: The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the fifth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Joe Johnston, written by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Hugo Weaving, Hayley Atwell, Sebastian Stan, Dominic Cooper, Neal McDonough, Derek Luke, and Stanley Tucci. Set predominantly during World War II, ""Captain America: The

"Captain America (1990 film)"
from behind by his returning shield. The United States Marines arrive to save the President and arrest the Americans involved in the kidnapping. The first feature-length production of Captain America for theatrical release has a long and tumultuous production history. The film rights were originally purchased by The Cannon Group founders Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus in 1984. Initially Cannon regular Michael Winner (""Death Wish"" 1-3) was attached to direct a script by James Silke. However, in 1986 Winner scrapped the Silke script and recruited British television writer Stan Hey (""Auf Wiedersehen, Pet"", ""Dalziel and Pascoe""). According to Hey, the

distributing to foreign territories, instead offering international markets a choice between the official title and the alternative ""The First Avenger"". Many international distributors chose to retain the original title, believing the franchise name to be more identifiable than the alternative, and that the latter would risk losing ticket sales. Three countries chose the alternative title: Russia, South Korea, and Ukraine. An ""insider"" speaking to ""The New York Times"" explained that the name change in these countries stemmed from cultural and political concerns, though Marvel and Paramount both declined to state an official reason. In July 2011, it was thought that

Jack Ryan (film series) The ""Jack Ryan"" film series is an American series of thriller films, based on the fictional character of Jack Ryan, who originally appeared in a series of books by Tom Clancy. In the series of five films, four actors have portrayed Ryan. Despite inconsistency with its lead actors and crew members, the series has been distributed solely by Paramount Pictures since its inception. Mace Neufeld has produced every film in the series, with producing partner Robert Rehme co-producing ""Patriot Games"" and ""Clear and Present Danger"" and Lorenzo di Bonaventura co-producing ""Shadow Recruit"". With a combined unadjusted

"Kingsman (franchise)"
date of June 16, 2017 to October 6, 2017. The film was pushed up from October 6, 2017 to September 22, 2017. The film was given an IMAX release. It eventually opened two days prior in the UK on September 20, 2017. In June 2018, Vaughn announced that a prequel film titled ""Kingsman: The Great Game"" was in active development, stating that the plot would take place during the early-1900s and will depict the formation of the spy agency, and that the project would film back-to-back with “the third regular ""Kingsman"" film”. In September 2018, it was announced that Ralph

"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team"
Daily News"" to change their pick from Virginia winning the national championship to not advancing out of the Sweet Sixteen. UVA entered as the No. 1 overall seed, placed in the South regional, but suffered a historic upset in the first round to UMBC and became the first No. 1 seed to lose to a No. 16 seed since the field expanded to 64 teams in 1985. The first round losses by No. 1 seed Virginia and No. 4 seed Arizona, and second round losses by No. 2 seed Cincinnati and No. 3 seed Tennessee, led to the South Region

"2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team"
North Carolina, the team also suffered upsets to Virginia Tech, Georgia Tech, and Florida State. Despite this, the Cavaliers finished the season 29–8 overall and 13–5 in conference play, finishing in second place in the ACC. They fell in the ACC Tournament championship to North Carolina. However, they received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, and received their second No. 1 seed in three years. In the Tournament, they defeated Hampton, Butler, and Iowa State to advance to their first Elite Eight in twenty-one years. There, they lost to Syracuse, despite leading by 14 at halftime. !colspan=12 style=| Spain

through the end of the regular season and became the first ACC team to win 17 conference games. The Cavaliers won the ACC Tournament by handily defeating Louisville 75–58, Clemson 64–58, and North Carolina 71–63 in the championship game. In the process the team broke the school's single-season win record, which had twice been tied by Bennett-led teams in the past five years. ACC Sixth Man of the Year De'Andre Hunter broke his wrist in the ACC Tournament victory, and was announced to be out for the NCAA Tournament two days before it began. The injury led the ""New York

quarterfinals where they lost to Notre Dame. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 5 seed in the East region. There they defeated UNC Wilmington in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to Florida. Coming off of two highly successful regular seasons in 2014 and 2015, but with early exits from the NCAA Tournament each time, and with the final season for seniors Malcolm Brogdon and Anthony Gill, expectations were high for the program in 2015–16. However, the regular season was mixed: despite wins against programs like West Virginia, Villanova, California, and

becoming the first ever to not advance any of its top four seeds to the Sweet Sixteen. Nevertheless, for taking an unranked team to finish four games above pre-season AP No. 1 ranked Duke and winning the ACC Tournament over North Carolina, Bennett was awarded his third Henry Iba Award for the nation's top coach of the season. The Cavaliers finished the 2016–17 season 23–11, and 11–7 in ACC play to tie Duke for fifth place. They defeated Pittsburgh in the second round of the ACC Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Notre Dame. The Wahoos

received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 5 seed in the East region. There they defeated No. 12 UNC Wilmington in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to No. 4 Florida. !colspan=12 style=| Non-Conference Regular Season !colspan=12 style=""""| ACC Regular Season !colspan=12 style=| ACC Tournament !colspan=12 style=| NCAA Tournament <nowiki>*</nowiki>AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings.<br>Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll at the same time the AP did. 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 201718 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division

"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball"
a 2017 Cavalier win delaying or preventing an ACC regular season title, while an injury to star player Justin Anderson during the 2015 matchup derailed UVA's national championship aspirations. The March 2018 matchup between the two teams ended with Virginia scoring 5 points in the final 0.9 seconds and dealing what proved to be a mortal blow to Louisville's NCAA tournament hopes. Virginia leads the all-time series 11-4. The most recent matchup was a 75–58 Virginia win in the ACC Tournament on March 8, 2018. Thanks to the proximity of these two long-time ACC members, and their status as Tobacco

"2017 NBA Finals"
Cavaliers' third consecutive trip to the NBA Finals, and fourth appearance overall, seeking to repeat as NBA champions. This was also the seventh consecutive NBA Finals appearance for LeBron James, and the sixth for James Jones (who technically qualified for the 2011 NBA Finals along with James, but did not play). The Cavaliers finished the 2016–17 regular season with a 51–31 record, securing the 2nd seed in the Eastern Conference. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers swept the Indiana Pacers in the first round, swept the Toronto Raptors in the Eastern Conference semifinals, and defeated the Boston Celtics in five games

"2016–17 Cleveland Cavaliers season"
51–31 record, securing the 2nd seed. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated and swept the Indiana Pacers in four games in the First Round, advancing to the Semifinals. They then defeated and swept the Toronto Raptors in four games, advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals. They defeated the Boston Celtics in five games to advance to the NBA Finals for the third straight season. In the 2017 NBA Finals, the Cavaliers faced off against the Golden State Warriors for the third consecutive year, becoming the first two teams to meet three consecutive times in the NBA Finals. The Cavaliers would

"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season"
playoffs, the fourth seeded Cavaliers faced the fifth-seeded Indiana Pacers. A year before, the Cavaliers had swept the Pacers in the first round. This time around, the Cavaliers won the series in seven games. In Game 7, James put up 45 points, nine rebounds, and seven assists in a 105–101 win. The Cavaliers advanced to face the top-seeded Toronto Raptors, the same team that they defeated in the 2017 Eastern Conference semifinals. Cleveland swept Toronto, leading to an Eastern Conference finals matchup against the second-seeded Boston Celtics for the second consecutive year. After losing in the first two games of

how many times have the golden state warriors been to the playoffs

third head coach in franchise history to lead a team to at least 50 wins in a season, joining Don Nelson and Alvin Attles, who both hit the mark twice with the Warriors. With 121 wins overall, Jackson ranks fourth on the franchise's all-time wins list, trailing Attles (557), Nelson (422) and Eddie Gottlieb (263). On May 14, 2014, the Golden State Warriors signed Steve Kerr to a reported five-year, $25 million deal to become the team's new head coach. It was a first-time head-coaching position for Kerr, 48, a five-time NBA champion guard who set an all-time career record

score 60 or more points in fewer than 30 minutes of playing time. Stephen Curry, Kevin Durant, Draymond Green, and Klay Thompson were all named to the 2017 NBA All-Star Game, making the Warriors only the eighth team in NBA history to have four All-Stars. On February 10, 2017, Draymond Green recorded a triple-double with 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals, becoming the first player in NBA history to post a triple-double with fewer than 10 points. On March 2, 2017, the Warriors' streak for most games without back-to-back losses ended at 146 with a 94–87 loss to the

on a framework contingent on the decision of superstar forward LeBron James to leave the Cleveland Cavaliers to sign with the Miami Heat that same day. Following Morrow's departure after he signed the New Jersey Nets' offer sheet, the Warriors signed Dorell Wright, formerly with the Miami Heat, to a three-year, $11 million deal. On July 15, 2010, owner Chris Cohan sold the Warriors to Peter Guber of Mandalay Entertainment and his partner Joe Lacob for a then-record $450 million. On November 15, the Warriors announced the new 19-person ownership group composed of Joe Lacob, Peter Guber, Vivek Ranadivé, Erika

along with a future second-round pick, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for a future conditional second-round pick. Veteran power forward David West signed with the Warriors, as did free-agent center Zaza Pachulia. The Warriors posted many notable achievements during the 2016–17 regular season. On November 7, 2016, Stephen Curry set the NBA record for most 3-pointers in a game with 13, in a 116–106 win over the Pelicans. On December 5, 2016, Klay Thompson scored 60 points in 29 minutes, in a 142–106 victory over the Pacers. In doing so, Thompson became the first player in NBA history to

new head coach. The Warriors won 36 games and failed to make the playoffs in 2010–11. The team broke a franchise record with 21 made three-pointers in a win against the Orlando Magic. In February 2011, the Warriors traded Brandan Wright and Dan Gadzuric for Troy Murphy and a 2011 second-round pick. On February 27, Murphy and the Warriors reached a buyout agreement and he was waived. In April 2011, Dorell Wright made a franchise record of 184 three-pointers in a season in a home win versus Los Angeles Lakers, surpassing Richardson's 183 in 2005–06. In a win against the

and the 2015 ESPYs Best Male Athlete award. On July 27, 2015, David Lee—who had lost his starting power forward job to Draymond Green during the season—was traded to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Gerald Wallace and Chris Babb; Golden State was seeking to offload his salary given his limited role on the team. The Warriors began the 2015-2016 season by winning their first 24 games, eclipsing the previous best start in NBA history. The Warriors surpassed the 1969–70 New York Knicks for the best road start in NBA history at 14–0, which is also the joint-third longest road

Mitch Richmond, and Chris Mullin, colloquially referred to as ""Run TMC"". However, after failing to capture that elusive championship, the team entered another rebuilding phase in the 2000s. However, the team's fortunes changed in the 2010s, ushering in a new era of success led by Stephen Curry. After also drafting perennial All-Stars Klay Thompson and Draymond Green, the team returned to championship glory in 2015, before winning another two in 2017 and 2018 after adding former league MVP Kevin Durant. Nicknamed the ""Dubs"" as a shortening of ""W's"",<ref name=""Williams/Lyons""></ref> the Warriors hold several NBA records; they have registered the best

"Air Bud: World Pup"
her veterinarian boyfriend, Patrick Sullivan. Josh and his best friend, Tom Stewart, have just made their school's soccer team when their coach reveals that their team will become co-ed. Josh meets Emma, an attractive girl who just moved with her family from England who are wealthy; and not only will she be playing on his soccer team, but she also has a golden retriever named Molly. Buddy also finds Molly attractive. Emma invites Josh and Tom to a party at her house and Tom dressed up like a British soldier and he looked quite silly. At the same time, things

"Vicky Longley"
show 'Pineapple Dance Studios' when Paloma Faith's video was featured on the show. In 2011, Longley appeared as a supporting cast member in the BBC Comedy White Van Man playing the role of ""Joanne"". Vicky Longley Victoria ""Vicky"" Jane Longley (born 26 October 1988 in Bromley, London) is an English actress and singer. She played Emma Norton in the children's comedy ""Genie in the House"", screened in the UK and The Netherlands on Nickelodeon, and in France on Canal J, and studied performing arts at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts. Longley trained at the Italia Conti Academy in

"Maddie Taylor"
Gull, for the PlayStation VR. In 2016, Taylor publicly came out as a trans woman. Maddie Taylor Maddie Taylor (born as Matthew William Taylor; December 31, 1966 in Flint, Michigan) is an American voice actress, story artist and comedian, known for voicing Verminious Snaptrap in ""T.U.F.F. Puppy"" and Sparky in ""The Fairly OddParents"". While starting as a storyboard artist at Sony Pictures Animation, Taylor lent her voice to Deni, the crazed duck, and Buddy, the blue porcupine, in the studio's first full feature ""Open Season"", as well as voicing Elliot in the video game adaptation, replacing Ashton Kutcher. In the

"Mischa Barton"
Mischa Barton Mischa Anne Barton (born 24 January 1986) is a British-American film, television, and stage actress. She began her career on the stage, appearing in Tony Kushner's ""Slavs!"" and took the lead in James Lapine's ""Twelve Dreams"" at New York City's Lincoln Center. She made her screen debut with a guest appearance on the American soap opera ""All My Children"" (1996), and voicing a character on the Nickelodeon cartoon series ""KaBlam!"" (1996–97). Her first major film role was as the protagonist of ""Lawn Dogs"" (1997), a drama co-starring Sam Rockwell. She appeared in major pictures such as the romantic

"Vicki Lee Taylor"
Vicki Lee Taylor Vicki Lee Taylor (born 10 August 1984) is an English theatre and television actress. Vicki Lee Taylor was born in Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and at the age of twelve appeared in the leading role of Emma in ""Listen to the Wind"" (King's Head Theatre, London) and recorded the cast album at the Abbey Road Studios. This secured her a national tour of Enid Blyton’s ""The Famous Five"", playing tomboy George. Her first notable television appearance was the role of Dino in the series ""The Queen's Nose"". Whilst studying for her GCSE exams she also appeared in the lead

"Kate Maberly"
starred in the hit HULU/FX show ""The Booth at the End"" alongside Xander Berkley. In addition to her work on screen Kate has performed voice-overs for ""Ordynek, Bringing the Pride of Poland to Texas"" in 2000 and for ""The Braniff Pages"" in 2001. She has completed several radio works for BBC Radio 4, including ""The Dorabella Variation"", ""A Certain Smile"", and ""National Velvet"". Maberly's narration of the audiobook ""Catherine Called Birdy"", written by Karen Cushman, received an Audie Award in 1995. In 2007 Maberly teamed up with a London area music producer to record several of her own songs for

"Chantal Strand"
Chantal Strand Chantal Strand (born October 15, 1987) is a Canadian voice actress, actress, singer, stunt performer, and writer. She is best known for her roles as Holly in ""The Charlie Horse Music Pizza"", Sarah's Sister in ""Life-Size"", Kelly in ""Barbie in The Nutcracker"", and Tammy in ""Air Bud: World Pup"". At a young age, Strand started off doing stunts on ""Look Who's Talking Now"" with her twin sister, Michelle. Strand began working on many projects including ""The Outer Limits"", ""The Commish"", ""The Charlie Horse Music Pizza"", ""Life-Size"", ""Air Bud: World Pup"", ""Air Bud: Seventh Inning Fetch"", and ""Air Bud:

"Nicole Oliver"
Nicole Oliver Nicole Lyn Oliver (born February 22, 1970) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Princess Celestia and Cheerilee in """" and Zoe Trent in ""Littlest Pet Shop"". Oliver was born in Ottawa, Ontario. She has a Bachelor of Fine Arts from York University, a Masters degree in Communication from Royal Roads University, and additional training from the British American Drama Academy. A prominent member of the Union of BC Performers, Oliver served on its executive board (2002–2005), chaired several committees, and continues to be part of the negotiation team during collective

"Melissa Altro"
Melissa Altro Melissa Altro (born May 16, 1982) is a Canadian actress best known for her voice acting. She has lent her voice to such animated roles such as Muffy Crosswire in the long-running PBS animated series ""Arthur"" and the titular character in the 1997 series ""Pippi Longstocking"". Altro guest-starred as Alex on ""Are You Afraid of the Dark?"" in its fourth season episode ""The Tale of the Room for Rent"" and on ""Grossology"" as Paige. She starred as Heather in the 1995 film ""Kids of the Round Table"" and as Barb in ""The Woods"" (credited as ""Missy Altro""). She

"Drew Brees"
Drew Brees Drew Christopher Brees (; born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). After a successful college football career at Purdue University, he was chosen by the San Diego Chargers with the first pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He left college as one of the most decorated players in Purdue and Big Ten Conference history, establishing two NCAA records, 13 Big Ten Conference records, and 19 Purdue University records. , he remains the Big Ten record-holder in several passing categories, including completions

"Peyton Manning"
Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning (born March 24, 1976) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Indianapolis Colts. Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time due to his numerous career achievements, he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons. Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee, leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season. He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning

"Sean Payton"
Sean Payton Patrick Sean Payton (born December 29, 1963) is an American football coach and former player who is the current head coach of the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). Payton was a quarterback at Naperville Central High School and Eastern Illinois University and played professionally in 1987 and 1988. He began his coaching career as offensive assistant for San Diego State University and had several assistant coaching positions on college and NFL teams before being named as the tenth full-time coach in Saints history in 2006. Payton has always been known for his offensive prowess,

with the hospital since his arrival in Indianapolis. Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning (born March 24, 1976) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Indianapolis Colts. Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time due to his numerous career achievements, he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons. Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee, leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season. He is the

be co-chair of the newly renamed President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition, along with former Olympic gymnast Dominique Dawes. In October 2010, Brees appeared in an It Gets Better video, where he gave an anti-bullying message in the wake of a series of suicides committed by gay teenagers. Drew Brees Drew Christopher Brees (; born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). After a successful college football career at Purdue University, he was chosen by the San Diego Chargers with the first pick in the second round

"History of the New Orleans Saints"
season ended, he fired Ditka, the entire coaching staff, and general manager Bill Kuharich. The Ditka era in New Orleans saw seven different starters at quarterback in three seasons (Heath Shuler, Danny Wuerffel, Doug Nussmeier, Billy Joe Hobert, Billy Joe Tolliver, Kerry Collins, and Jake Delhomme) and a defense which went from top-ten to near the bottom of the league in nearly every statistical category. To replace Ditka and Kuharich, Tom Benson settled on Randy Mueller, formerly of the Seattle Seahawks, as general manager, and Pittsburgh Steelers defensive coordinator Jim Haslett as head coach. Mueller shook up the roster, bringing

"History of the Carolina Panthers"
final season with the Panthers was a disaster. After the team released Beuerlein in the off-season Siefert handed the QB reins to Jeff Lewis, who was released after several poor performances during the preseason. That left the Panthers with rookie Chris Weinke under center. Weinke had won the Heisman Trophy and led Florida State to a national championship in college but was unable to duplicate that level of success in the NFL. The Panthers won their opening game against the Minnesota Vikings 24–13, but then lost 15 straight games. This set a record for single-season losing streaks which held until

"Gregg Williams"
Gregg Williams Gregg Williams (born July 15, 1958) is an American football coach who is the interim head coach and defensive coordinator for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). Previously, he was head coach of the Buffalo Bills, and defensive coordinator of the New Orleans Saints which won Super Bowl XLIV. Williams is known for running aggressive, attacking 4–3 schemes that put heavy pressure on opposing quarterbacks and for his key role in the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal. In March 2012, Williams was suspended from the NFL as a result of his admitted involvement in the

"Mike Nolan"
Mike Nolan Mike Nolan (born March 7, 1959) is an American football coach is currently the linebacker coach for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL), a former head coach for the 49ers, and a former defensive coordinator for the NFL's Baltimore Ravens, New York Jets, Washington Redskins, New York Giants, Denver Broncos, Miami Dolphins, and Atlanta Falcons. Nolan attended the University of Oregon and was a three-year letterman in football and starter at safety. He has coached at the collegiate level at Stanford University, Rice University, and LSU before moving on to the National Football League.

"Kurt Warner"
Kurt Warner Kurtis Eugene Warner (born June 22, 1971) is a former American football quarterback. He played for three National Football League (NFL) teams: the St. Louis Rams, the New York Giants, and the Arizona Cardinals. He was originally signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 1994 after playing college football at Northern Iowa. Warner went on to be considered the best undrafted NFL player of all time, following a 12-year career regarded as one of the greatest stories in NFL history. Warner was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017, and

Government
polities, as typologies of political systems are not obvious. It is especially important in the political science fields of comparative politics and international relations. Like all categories discerned within forms of government, the boundaries of government classifications are either fluid or ill-defined. Superficially, all governments have an official or ideal form. The United States is a constitutional republic, while the former Soviet Union was a socialist republic. However self-identification is not objective, and as Kopstein and Lichbach argue, defining regimes can be tricky. For example, elections are a defining characteristic of an electoral democracy, but in practice elections in the

"Politics of the United States"
suspend their party affiliations when campaigning and governing. About 28% of the people live in cities of 100,000 or more population. City governments are chartered by states, and their charters detail the objectives and powers of the municipal government. The United States Constitution only provides for states and territories as subdivisions of the country, and the Supreme Court has accordingly confirmed the supremacy of state sovereignty over municipalities. For most big cities, cooperation with both state and federal organizations is essential to meeting the needs of their residents. Types of city governments vary widely across the nation. However, almost all

while the Republican Party is commonly known as a right-wing conservative party. There are a few major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed democracies. These include greater power in the upper house of the legislature, a wider scope of power held by the Supreme Court, the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive and the dominance of only two main parties. Third parties have less political influence in the United States than in other democratically run developed countries; this is because of a combination of stringent historic controls. These

"Political divisions of the United States"
states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions. All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, or treaties ratified by the U.S. Senate, and are organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of state (even though this too is not required). The various states are then typically subdivided into counties. Louisiana uses the term

States has little in common with the way the word's definition is used elsewhere. As Ribuffo notes, ""what Americans now call conservatism much of the world calls liberalism or neoliberalism"". Since the 1950s conservatism in the United States has been chiefly associated with the Republican Party. However, during the era of segregation many Southern Democrats were conservatives, and they played a key role in the Conservative Coalition that controlled Congress from 1937 to 1963. Every country in the world is ruled by a system of governance that combines at least three or more political or economic attributes. Additionally, opinions vary

Politics of the United States The United States is a federal republic in which the President, Congress and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government, according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. The executive branch is headed by the President and is formally independent of both the legislature and the judiciary. The cabinet serves as a set of advisers to the President. They include the Vice President and heads of the executive departments. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial

town is equivalent to how civil townships are used in other states. The government is usually entrusted to an elected board or council, which may be known by a variety of names: town or village council, board of selectmen, board of supervisors, board of commissioners. The board may have a chairperson or president who functions as chief executive officer, or there may be an elected mayor. Governmental employees may include a clerk, treasurer, police and fire officers, and health and welfare officers. One unique aspect of local government, found mostly in the New England region of the United States, is

have a central council, elected by the voters, and an executive officer, assisted by various department heads, to manage the city's affairs. Cities in the West and South usually have nonpartisan local politics. There are three general types of city government: the mayor-council, the commission, and the council-manager. These are the pure forms; many cities have developed a combination of two or three of them. This is the oldest form of city government in the United States and, until the beginning of the 20th century, was used by nearly all American cities. Its structure is like that of the state

differ in some details but generally follow a pattern similar to that of the federal Constitution, including a statement of the rights of the people and a plan for organizing the government. However, state constitutions are generally more detailed. The United States has 89,500 local governments, including 3,033 counties, 19,492 municipalities, 16,500 townships, 13,000 school districts, and 37,000 other special districts that deal with issues like fire protection. Local governments directly serve the needs of the people, providing everything from police and fire protection to sanitary codes, health regulations, education, public transportation, and housing. Typically local elections are nonpartisan—local activists

"Federal government of the United States"
terms ""Federal"" and ""National"" in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government (Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Park Service). Because the seat of government is in Washington, D.C., ""Washington"" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments. The interpretation and execution of these principles, including what powers the federal government should have and how those powers can be exercised, have been debated ever

"That '70s Show"
That '70s Show That '70s Show is an American television period sitcom that originally aired on Fox from August 23, 1998 to May 18, 2006. The series focused on the lives of a group of six teenage friends living in fictional Point Place, Wisconsin, from May 17, 1976 to December 31, 1979. The main teenage cast members were Topher Grace, Mila Kunis, Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Laura Prepon and Wilmer Valderrama. The main adult cast members were Debra Jo Rupp, Kurtwood Smith, Don Stark, Tommy Chong and Tanya Roberts. The creators had wanted the show to have a 1970s ""feel""

The shift to 1977 during the last half of the first season also allowed the inclusion of the first ""Star Wars"" movie, which premiered in May 1977. Throughout the first two seasons, episodes opened with title cards showing the season/month and year (example: Late Spring, 1977 or June 1977). These, however, were largely abandoned after season 2, with few subsequent episodes using them. However, they were used again in the final episode, i.e. ""December 31, 1979 10:45 a.m."" From the premiere onward, the episode's year could be determined by the registration tags on Eric's Vista Cruiser at the end of

from the beginning, so opted to set the series later in the decade, when trends and political ideologies had become firmly established and disseminated. The idea that the duration of the series would carry sociopolitical undertones also necessitated a chain of social events which could influence the characters. Thus, 1976 was chosen, which allowed episodes set within a short time frame to address streaking, the sexual revolution, the Equal Rights Amendment, the 1973 oil crisis, and the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, all of which were culturally influential events that occurred in the earlier years of the 1970s.

the series transitioned to 1978 until early in the sixth season. The remaining episodes took place in 1979, and the series finale abruptly ends during a New Year's Eve party as the characters reach ""one"" during a countdown to January 1, 1980. The show's unexpected longevity (it was the only series to debut on Fox in 1998 to survive cancellation) combined with the first season jump to 1977 necessitated a slow-down of the series' timeline. Over time, this proved problematic from a narrative standpoint, as nearly every year featured a Thanksgiving and/or Christmas episode, and the teen-aged actors playing high-school

the opening and closing credits. Season 1 showed a ""76"" year tag, seasons 2-3 showed ""77"" tags, seasons 3-6 showed ""78"" tags, seasons 7-8 showed ""79"" tags, and the final episode of season 8's closing credits showed an ""80"" tag. The show was set in May 1976 in the August 23, 1998 premiere. After 12 episodes, the series transitioned to 1977. The 23rd episode, ""Grandma's Dead"", was also set in 1976, because it was supposed to be the season finale of season 1. The show remained in 1977 for the next two seasons. Near the end of the third season,

for the show. The show usually opens with the theme song, ""In the Street"", written by Alex Chilton and Chris Bell of the band Big Star. The original version of the song appeared on Big Star's 1972 debut album ""#1 Record"". In 2000, Chilton confirmed that he was paid $70 in royalties each time the show aired, an amount he thought ironic, given the show's title. Big Star's original version of the song was not used on the show. Instead, a cover version sung by Todd Griffin was used as the theme song for the show's first season. Beginning in

Vista Cruiser, handed down to Eric by Red. For the first seven seasons of the show, the show's introduction showed the cast inside the Vista Cruiser. The show's pronunciation of ""Vista Cruiser"", with emphasis on ""Cruiser"" conflicted with the pronunciation of author George Plimpton in the Oldsmobile television advertisement for the 1969 Vista Cruiser, where he pronounced the two words with the emphasis on ""Vista"". That particular station wagon was bought by Wilmer Valderrama at the show's conclusion from Carsey-Werner for US$500. In August 2009, the show's Vista Cruiser was named third-greatest television car ever by MSN Autos. In one

"1970s in television"
and ran for three years. It was followed in the same vein shortly after by singing group Tony Orlando and Dawn. Another group of singers who received a variety show in the 1970s were two of the famous singing Osmonds — Donny and his sister Marie. Sid & Marty Krofft set to work on the siblings' series and ""Donny & Marie"" premiered on ABC in the winter of 1976. Although the show became very popular, the Osmonds were equally ridiculed for their wholesome image and Mormon moral reputation (on an episode of ""Good Times"", the lead character, Florida, listed three

place of both Eric and, to a lesser extent, Charlie. Another new character, Samantha, a stripper played by Jud Tylor, was added as Hyde's wife for nine episodes. The location of the show's introductory theme song was changed from the Vista Cruiser to the circle. Both Eric and Kelso returned for the series' final episode, although Topher Grace was uncredited. The eighth season was announced as the final season of the show on January 17, 2006, and ""That '70s Finale"" was filmed a month later on February 17, 2006, first airing on May 18, 2006. The working titles for the

lasting three years. Additionally, many TV series over the years that take place in the present time have characters age faster than normal while other characters age naturally. The character of Eric Forman was written out of the series at the end of the seventh season, as Topher Grace wanted to move on with his career. Ashton Kutcher switched to a recurring guest role when he also chose to depart following the seventh season. However, Kelso had not been written out yet, so to give better closure to the character, Kutcher appeared in the first four episodes of the eighth

what is an example of an americanized mexican food created by tex-mex cuisine

Tex-Mex
Tex-Mex Tex-Mex (from ""Texan"" and ""Mexican"") is a fusion of Mexican and American cuisines, deriving from the culinary creations of the Tejano people living in Texas. It has spread from border states such as Texas and others in the Southwestern United States to the rest of the country as well as Canada. Tex-Mex is most popular in Texas and neighboring areas, especially nearby states in both the US and Mexico. Tex-Mex is a subtype of Southwestern cuisine found in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Oklahoma, and Utah. Some ingredients are common in Mexican cuisine, but other ingredients not

"Texan cuisine"
Texan cuisine Texan cuisine is the food associated with the U.S. state of Texas. Texas is a large state, and its cuisine has been influenced by a wide range of cultures, including Southern, German, British, African American, Cajun/Creole, Mexican, Native American, Asian, and to a lesser degree, Jewish and Italian. Tex-Mex refers to a style of cooking that combines traditional Norteño (northern) Mexican cuisine adapted to the tastes and kitchen techniques of Texans of Anglo- and European origins. Tex-Mex cooking differs from traditional Mexican cooking by using different proportions or types of ingredients, such as meats (like ground beef), melted

"Mexican cuisine"
to Mexico characterizing its cuisine more by its relation to popular traditions rather than on particular cooking techniques. Since the 20th century, there have been an interchange of food influences between Mexico and the United States. Mexican cooking was of course still practiced in what is now the Southwest United States after the Mexican–American War, but Diana Kennedy, in her book ""The Cuisines of Mexico"" (published in 1972), drew a sharp distinction between Mexican food and Tex-Mex. Tex-Mex food was developed from Mexican and Anglo influences, and was traced to the late 19th century in Texas. It still continues to

Tex-Mex
Spain. However, the cuisine that would come to be called Tex-Mex originated with Tejanos (Texans of Mexicandescent) as a mix of native Mexican and Spanish foods when Texas was part of New Spain and later Mexico. From the South Texas region between San Antonio, the Rio Grande Valley and El Paso, this cuisine has had little variation, and from earliest times has always been influenced by the cooking in the neighboring northern states of Mexico. The ranching culture of South Texas and Northern Mexico straddles both sides of the border, where beef, grilled food, and tortillas have been common and

"New Mexican cuisine"
New Mexican cuisine New Mexican cuisine is the cuisine of the Southwestern US state of New Mexico, the region is primarily known for its fusion of Pueblo Native American with Hispano Spanish and Mexican cuisine originating in Nuevo México. This cuisine had adaptions and influences throughout its history, including early on from the nearby Apache, Navajo, and throughout New Spain and the Spanish Empire, also from French, Italian, Mediterranean, Portuguese cuisine, and European cafés, furthermore during the American territorial phase from cowboy chuckwagons and Western saloons, additionally after statehood from Route 66 American diners, fast food restaurants, and global cuisine.

cheeses, and spices more suited to palates less disposed to piquant flavorings. Tex-Mex cuisine has influenced what is often called ""Mexican"" cuisine in many parts of the U.S. and Europe. Dishes associated with Tex-Mex cooking include guacamole, chile con queso, tostadas with red salsa, tortilla soup, nachos, tacos, enchiladas, fajitas, quesadillas, chimichangas, burritos, tamales, and carne guisada. Breakfast items include scrambled egg in flour tortilla tacos as migas and huevos con chorizo, huevos rancheros, and empanadas of various meats. Entrees are commonly accompanied by pan fried potato and refried beans. Deserts include flan, tres leches cake, fruit sherbets, and pralines.

Tex-Mex
popular foods for more than a century. A taste for ""cabrito"" (kid goat), ""barbacoa de cabeza"" (barbecued beef heads), ""carne seca"" (dried beef), and other products of cattle culture is also common on both sides of the Rio Grande. In the 20th century, Tex-Mex took on such Americanized elements as yellow cheese, as goods from the United States became cheap and readily available. In much of Texas, the cooking styles on both sides of the U.S.–Mexico border were the same until a period after the U.S. Civil War. With the railroads, American ingredients and cooking appliances became common on the

Tejano
from the meeting of the European-American Texians, colonists mostly from the American South, and the original Tejano pioneers and their ""vaquero"" or ""cowboy"" culture. The cuisine that would come to be known as ""Tex-Mex"" originated with the Tejanos. It developed from Spanish and North American indigenous commodities with influences from Mexican cuisine. Tex-Mex cuisine is characterized by its widespread use of melted cheese, meat (particularly beef), beans, and spices, in addition to corn or flour tortillas. Chili con carne, crispy chalupas, chili con queso, enchiladas, and fajitas are all Tex-Mex specialties. A common feature of Tex-Mex is the combination plate,

Mexican cuisine Mexican cuisine began about 9,000 years ago, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways. Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups brought with them their own cooking methods. These included the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, Purépecha, Totonac, Mazatec, and Mazahua. The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused. The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, cacao, vanilla, agave, turkey, spirulina, sweet potato, cactus, and chili

the premises. Mexican food in the United States is based on the food of northern Mexico. Chili con carne and chimichangas are examples of American food with Mexican-origins known as Tex-Mex. With the growing ethnic Mexican population in the United States, more authentic Mexican food is gradually appearing in the United States. One reason is that Mexican immigrants use food as a means of combating homesickness, and for their descendants, it is a symbol of ethnicity. Alternatively, with more Americans experiencing Mexican food in Mexico, there is a growing demand for more authentic flavors. Mexican cuisine Mexican cuisine began about

"Manchester by the Sea (film)"
before filming. Principal photography began on March 23, 2015, in the namesake town of Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. Filming took place elsewhere on the North Shore, at locations in Beverly, Essex, Gloucester, Swampscott, Lynn, Middleton, Tewksbury, and Salem. Filming wrapped a month later on April 30, 2015. In October 2018, Damon revealed in an interview with ""The Bill Simmons Podcast"" that Lonergan had originally planned to shoot a different ending to the film. It would have been a retreating drone shot of a flashback of Affleck's and William's characters, along with their children and extended family, on his brother's boat, whale watching

Manchester by the Sea (film) Manchester by the Sea is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Kenneth Lonergan and starring Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Kyle Chandler, and Lucas Hedges. The plot follows a man after his brother dies and he is entrusted with caring for his teenage nephew. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2016, and was soon picked up by Amazon Studios for distribution. ""Manchester by the Sea"" was filmed during March and April 2015 in the Massachusetts town of the same name as well as Beverly, Essex, Gloucester, Swampscott, Lynn,

Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor (Hedges), and Best Supporting Actress (Williams). Affleck also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and the film itself was nominated in four other categories at the Golden Globes. The British Academy Film Awards nominated the picture six times, with Affleck winning Best Actor in a Leading Role and Lonergan winning Best Original Screenplay. The story takes place in the present, while including flashbacks to relevant events. The protagonist is Lee Chandler, a janitor and handyman, who lives a solitary life in a basement apartment in Quincy, Massachusetts. The movie opens with scenes

Middleton, Tewksbury, and Salem, Massachusetts. It began a limited release on November 18, 2016, before a wide release on December 16, 2016. It grossed $79 million worldwide against a $9 million budget. The film received critical praise and was widely counted among the best films of the year, with the National Board of Review listing it as their top of 2016. Critics particularly complimented the performances of Affleck, Williams, and Hedges, as well as Lonergan's screenplay and direction. At the 89th Academy Awards, the film won awards for Best Actor (Affleck) and Best Original Screenplay with additional nominations for Best

read a rough draft of the script, he insisted that Lonergan should direct it and that he would star in it. They announced they would collaborate on the project on September 6, 2014, and pre-production began on September 8, 2014. However, Damon would not have a break in his schedule for another year, and in early December 2014, while filming ""The Finest Hours"", Casey Affleck revealed to ""The Boston Globe"" that he would replace Damon in the lead role. Damon said he ""wouldn't give this role up to anybody but Casey Affleck."" Affleck officially replaced Damon on January 5, 2015.

She developed the first musical themes after reading the script. Once she established the themes, she worked with the orchestra to create a specific sound that ""emoted"" the sound of the ocean with ""underlying tension"" — but with lightness — for exterior shots. Barber took inspiration from early New England church music from the 18th century, including Calvinist hymns and other music of the Pilgrims and the Colonial era, with its emphasis on a cappella vocals. Barber also developed the music to complement her understanding of the essence of the film's scenes based on emails and conversations with Lonergan. For

amongst other whale watchers. The scene was determined to be too expensive to film, although Damon said that the unexpected financial success of the film means it could have been shot after all. Initially, Gigi Pritzker was set to produce and finance the film through her company Odd Lot Entertainment. However, in March 2015, it was reported that Sierra/Affinity had come aboard to finance the film, and Kimberly Steward would produce and finance through her company K Period Media, Kevin J. Walsh through his company B Story, Chris Moore through CMP, and Damon through his company Pearl Street Films. The

On January 9, Michelle Williams joined the cast as the lead character's wife; Kyle Chandler joined as Affleck's character's older brother on February 24. In April 2015, Lucas Hedges joined the cast of the film. Lonergan has said that Hedges' audition was ""special"", but that he was unsure of how the young actor would do ""because his background is so different [from that of the character]. Ultimately he did a beautiful job."" It was later revealed that Erica McDermott had also joined the cast. Coming from a theater background, Lonergan had the actors do table read-style rehearsals for two weeks

fishing life. Critic Sam Lansky remarked that the lead character's New England roots make him ""disinclined to emote,"" and Tom Shone said that Lonergan's dialog forces ""the story’s heartbreak to peep from behind these tough, flinty New England exteriors."" Matt Damon and John Krasinski had brainstormed a film about an ""emotionally crippled"" handyman, and brought the idea to Lonergan for his input, thinking that Krasinski would star and Damon would direct. Damon had previously worked with Lonergan on the 2011 film ""Margaret"". Both actors became occupied with other projects while Lonergan worked on the screenplay for three years. After Damon

film was executive produced by Josh Godfrey, John Krasinski, Declan Baldwin, and Bill Migliore. The film had its world premiere on January 23, 2016, at the Sundance Film Festival. Shortly after, Amazon Studios acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film for $10 million, beating Sony Pictures Classics, Universal Pictures, Lionsgate, and Fox Searchlight. This was the second largest disclosed purchase at the Sundance Film Festival after ""The Birth of a Nation"" at $17.5 million. Roadside Attractions, of which Lionsgate owns 45%, later became co-distributor of the film with Amazon. The film was screened at the Telluride Film Festival in September

"Four-point play"
Basketball Association during its inaugural season. The National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced that rule in 1979; FIBA in 1984; the NCAA in 1986 (men only) and 1987 (women); middle and high schools in 1987; and the WNBA in 1997. Sam Smith of the Chicago Bulls completed the first four-point play in NBA history on October 21, 1979, in a game against the Milwaukee Bucks. Dale Ellis was the first player in NBA history to complete two four-point plays in the same game when he did so in a win against the Sacramento Kings on January 26, 1988. On April 29,

by to , with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using the FIBA distance, starting in 2013; by 2017, the line at corners were lengthened to match the NBA. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn. In the NBA, three-point field goals have become increasingly more frequent along the years, with effectiveness increasing slightly. The 1979–80 season had an average 0.8 three-point goals per game and 2.8 attempts (29% effectiveness). The 1989–90 season had an average 2.2 three-point goals per game

"Basketball court"
line would give the player three free throws if the shot does not go in, and one if it does. The distance to the three-point line from the center of the basket varies depending on the level or league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances, with the league or level using each distance: The NBA adopted the three-point line at the start of the 1979–80 season. This is of variable distance, ranging from in the corners to behind the top of the key. During the 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased

"The Comeback (American football)"
the playoffs as wild card teams. The Buffalo Bills, the American Football Conference (AFC) champions for the previous two seasons, recorded an 11–5 record during the 1992 regular season and finished in second place in the AFC Eastern Division. Buffalo's no-huddle offense led the league in rushing yards (2,436) and ranked second in the league in total offensive yards (6,114 yards). Meanwhile, the Houston Oilers finished in second place in the AFC Central Division with a 10–6 record. Houston's run and shoot offense led the league in passing (4,231 yards) and its defense ranked third in the league, allowing only

with those same teams often meeting each other earlier in the playoffs. In contrast, the NFC saw a different representative in the Super Bowl every season from 2001 through 2010. The year following the Broncos' second victory, however, a surprising St. Louis Rams team led by an undrafted quarterback, Kurt Warner, closed out the 1990s in a wild battle against the Tennessee Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV. The tense game came down to the final play in which Tennessee had the opportunity to tie the game and send it to overtime. The Titans nearly pulled it off, but the tackle

"Comeback (sports)"
fallen well behind in the first half, or a fourth-quarter comeback after having fallen well behind with only one quarter of play remaining. Certain comebacks are particularly historically significant. For example, in American football, ""The Comeback"" refers to a specific NFL playoff game between the Buffalo Bills and the Houston Oilers played January 3, 1993. It featured the Bills recovering from a 32-point deficit shortly after halftime to win in overtime, 41–38, the largest comeback in terms of points in NFL history, postseason or regular season. This has been referred to as ""the greatest comeback in NFL history"". Another prominent

Super Bowl appearances with a second Super Bowl appearance, or even advanced to a conference title game in the subsequent season (the 1994 Dallas Cowboys qualified for their conference title but did not qualify for the Super Bowl). Only seven teams have won back-to-back Super Bowl championships, and only one of these seven have made more than two consecutive winning appearances in the Super Bowl. The only franchise to reach more than three straight title games was the Buffalo Bills who lost four Super Bowls in a row from 1990–93. Since 2005, no incumbent holder has managed to successfully defend

and Indianapolis Colts continued the era of AFC dominance by winning Super Bowls XL and XLI in 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively defeating the Seattle Seahawks and Chicago Bears. In the 2007 season, the Patriots became the fourth team in NFL history to have a perfect unbeaten and untied regular season record, the second in the Super Bowl era after the 1972 Miami Dolphins, and the first to finish 16–0. They easily marched through the AFC playoffs and were heavy favorites in Super Bowl XLII. However, they lost that game to Eli Manning and the New York Giants 17–14, leaving the

example of a comeback came in Super Bowl LI, played on February 5, 2017, where the New England Patriots, down by 25 points in the third quarter, would eventually defeat the Atlanta Falcons in overtime, 34–28, for its second championship title in three years. The 2006 Michigan State vs. Northwestern football game featured the largest comeback in NCAA Division 1-A history, when the Michigan State Spartans rallied to score 38 unanswered points to beat the Northwestern Wildcats 41–38 after falling behind 38–3 with 9:54 left in the 3rd quarter. In the 2006 Insight Bowl, the Texas Tech Red Raiders completed

"2018 NBA Finals"
Eastern Conference semifinals, and defeated the Boston Celtics in seven games in the Eastern Conference Finals. This was the Golden State Warriors' fourth consecutive trip to the NBA Finals. During the 2017–18 offseason, the Warriors resigned their core players, including Stephen Curry to a five-year contract worth $201 million, and Kevin Durant to a two-year, $53 million contract. Golden State also resigned Andre Iguodala, Shaun Livingston, Zaza Pachulia, and David West. A major free agent acquired during the offseason was guard Nick Young. The Warriors finished the 2017–18 regular season with a 58–24 record, winning the Pacific Division and securing

"2017–18 NBA season"
regular season ended on April 11, 2018. The playoffs began on April 14, 2018 and ended on June 8 with the Golden State Warriors defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2018 NBA Finals. Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6, after the July moratorium ended. For the first time since the inauguration of the BAA, there would be no coaching changes going from the previous season to entering the regular season. In fact, the 536 days from Dave Joerger being fired as coach of the Memphis Grizzlies to the day the Phoenix Suns fired

"2017 NBA Playoffs"
from last year by two days. The Cleveland Cavaliers became the first Eastern Conference team to clinch a playoff spot on March 19, 2017. Teams in bold advanced to the next round. The numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's seeding in its conference, and the numbers to the right indicate the number of games the team won in that round. The division champions are marked by an asterisk. Teams with home court advantage are shown in Italics. After trailing 2-0 in the series, the Celtics came back to tie the series as Rajon Rondo was ruled

the 2nd seed in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, Golden State defeated the San Antonio Spurs in five games in the first round, eliminated the New Orleans Pelicans in five games in the Western Conference semifinals, and defeated the Houston Rockets in seven games in the Western Conference Finals. The Warriors entered the series as heavy favorites. The Warriors won the regular season series 2–0. Klay Thompson of the Warriors suffered a leg injury in the first quarter, but returned to the game in the second quarter. With the score tied at 107 in the last five seconds of

"2018 NBA Playoffs"
four playoff matchups. LeBron James capped off a 38-point performance with a mid-range fadeaway bank shot at the buzzer to lead the Cavs to a commanding 3–0 series lead. This was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with Cleveland winning the first two meetings. This was the 21st playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning 12 of the first 20 meetings. This was the eighth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Jazz winning five of the first seven meetings. This was the second meeting in the playoffs between the two teams, with the

to the Denver Nuggets on April 7, 2018. This is the first time since 1960 that none of the teams from Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago made the playoffs. Teams in bold advanced to the next round. The numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's seeding in its conference, and the numbers to the right indicate the number of games the team won in that round. The division champions are marked by an asterisk. Teams with home court advantage, the higher seeded team, are shown in italics. This was the second playoff meeting between these two

the series in six games. This was the Mavericks' first title. Veterans Shawn Marion, Jason Kidd, Jason Terry, and Peja Stojaković celebrated their first NBA championship. On July 1, 2011, at 12:01 am, the NBA announced another lockout. After the first few weeks of the season were canceled, the players and owners ratified a new collective bargaining agreement on December 8, 2011, setting up a shortened 66-game season. Following the shortened season, the Miami Heat made a return to the Finals with the trio of Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, and Chris Bosh against Oklahoma City Thunder's Kevin Durant, Russell Westbrook,

"2016–17 NBA season"
Charlotte's Spectrum Center, was removed as the host on July 21, 2016 due to the league's opposition against North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act. The regular season ended on April 12, 2017, and the playoffs began on April 15, 2017 and ended on June 12, 2017, with the Golden State Warriors going 16-1 in the playoffs and beating the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games during their third consecutive matchup in the NBA Finals. Free agency negotiations began on Friday, July 1, 2016 at 12:01 a.m. e.t. Players can sign starting on July 6, after the July moratorium ended.

"2017–18 Los Angeles Lakers season"
2017–18 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2017–18 Los Angeles Lakers season was the franchise's 70th season, its 69th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and its 58th in Los Angeles. On December 18, 2017 against the Golden State Warriors, the Lakers retired the numbers 8 and 24 of former shooting guard Kobe Bryant, making him the first NBA player to have two numbers retired on the same team. Originally, the Lakers were at risk of losing their own first round pick this year to the Philadelphia 76ers due to the stipulations of a previous trade involving Steve Nash and

"2017–18 Los Angeles Clippers season"
and cash. Head coach Doc Rivers would also relinquish his role as a President of Basketball Operations for the team on August 4, with the role being replaced by Lawrence Frank. On January 28, 2018, the Clippers traded their franchise cornerstone and 2009 1st overall pick Blake Griffin to the Detroit Pistons alongside Brice Johnson and Willie Reed for Tobias Harris, Avery Bradley, Boban Marjanović, and two draft picks, effectively ending the Lob City era. On April 1, 2018, the Clippers streak of 50 or more wins since the 2012-13 season came to an end with a loss to the

"Their Eyes Were Watching God"
Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel and the best known work by African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston. The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's ""ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own destiny."" As a young woman, who is fair-skinned with long hair, she expects more out of life, but comes to realize that people must learn about life 'fuh theyselves' (for themselves), just as people can only go to God for themselves. Set in central and southern Florida in

and de checkers' (70-71) so that he and the other men could play (Bernard 9). Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel and the best known work by African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston. The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's ""ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own destiny."" As a young woman, who is fair-skinned with long hair, she expects more out of life, but comes to realize that people must learn about life 'fuh theyselves' (for themselves), just as

the early 20th century, the novel was initially poorly received, but today, it has come to be regarded as a seminal work in both African-American literature and women's literature. ""TIME"" included the novel in its 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels published since 1923. With legislation like the Jim Crow laws, enacted from 1890 to 1910, many African-Americans were disfranchised. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan terrorized black citizens, leading to the steady decline of African-American political representation. Tenant farming and sharecropping systems constituted the de facto re-enslavement of African Americans in the South, where Hurston's novel is

a black woman from the South. While the novel is written about black people in the South, it is not primarily a book about racism. Nanny is the first character to mention the notion of slavery. ""Ah was born back due in slavery so it wasn't for me to fulfil my dreams of whut a woman oughta be and to do. Dat's one of de hold-backs of slavery."" The novel, while mentioning the issue of racism between the white and black communities, depicts the treatment of minorities within the black community. Starks is compared to as the master of the

the physical labor to the physical beatings, Janie was presented with the life that a woman was expected to live. [See detailed argument and synopsis in Addison Gayle, Jr.'s article, ""The Outsider""] Janie is the narrator and protagonist of her own story. She spends the novel seeking a voice for herself which she achieves in the end of her story. Later in her life, Janie is able to sit on her own porch and chat just like the men. Throughout the novel, there is a strong use of dialect and colloquial language which reiterates that this is a story of

after the death of Tea Cake. She returns to Eatonville with her hair down and she sits on her own porch chatting with her friend Pheoby. She has overcome the traditional roles of a woman by the end of the novel, thereby cultivating an image of the ""liberated black woman.""1 Throughout the novel, Hurston vividly displays how African American women are valued, or devalued, in their marital relationships. By doing so, she takes the reader on a journey through Janie's life and her marriages. Janie formed her initial idea of marriage off the image of unity she witnessed between a

to three very different men. The flashback in the book begins with Janie's sexual awakening which she compares to a pear blossom in spring. Not long after, Janie allows a local boy, Johnny Taylor, to kiss her, which Janie's grandmother, Nanny, witnesses. Nanny is an elderly woman who, as a slave, was raped by her owner and gave birth to a mixed-race daughter Leafy. Nanny escaped from her jealous mistress and found a good home after the end of the American Civil War. Nanny tried to create a good life for her daughter, but Leafy was raped by her school

race problem in her novel, Hurston replied, ""Because I was writing a novel and not a treatise on sociology. [...] I have ceased to think in terms of race; I think only in terms of individuals. I am interested in you now, not as a Negro man but as a man. I am not interested in the race problem, but I am interested in the problems of individuals, white ones and black ones."" Similar to Hurston, Wallace Thurman rejected both the traditional Uplift politics and the agenda of the ""New Negro"". He organized a group of authors including Hurston to

African-Americans in society. Where many of her fellow writers were participating first in W. E. B. Du Bois' Uplift agenda and, later, in the Harlem Renaissance, Hurston refused to comply. The renaissance was meant to be a liberating response to the restrictive standards of the Racial Uplift program, encouraging writers and artists to expose racist oppression in American society. In an essay by Nick Aaron Ford, Hurston is quoted to have to said, ""Many Negroes criticise my book, because I did not make it a lecture on the race problem."" When asked why she chose not to comment on the

the Uplift agenda, the magazine also included homoerotic work as well as portrayals of prostitution. Foreshadowing the African-American community's response to ""Their Eyes Were Watching God"", ""FIRE!!"" sold very poorly and was condemned as maligning the image of the community. A ""Baltimore Afro-American"" reviewer wrote that he ""just tossed the first issue of ""FIRE!!"" into the fire"". The main character Janie Crawford, an African-American woman in her early forties, tells the story of her life to her best friend Pheoby Watson through an extended flashback. Readers receive the story of her life in three major periods corresponding to her marriages

who bowled the last over of the 2007 world twenty20 that india won

"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final"
and S.Sresanth one wicket. Fall of wickets: 1–25 (Y K Pathan, 2.4 ov), 2–40 (Uthappa, 5.4 ov), 3–103 (Yuvraj Singh, 13.3 ov), 4–111 (Dhoni, 15.2 ov), 5–130 (Gambhir, 17.6 ov) Did not bat: Harbhajan Singh, Joginder Sharma, S Sreesanth, R P Singh Fall of wickets: 1–2 (Mohammad Hafeez, 0.5 ov), 2–26 (Kamran Akmal, 2.3 ov), 3–53 (Imran Nazir, 5.4 ov), 4–65 (Younis Khan, 8.3 ov), 5–76 (Shoaib Malik, 11.3 ov), 6–77 (Shahid Afridi, 11.4 ov), 7–104 (Yasir Arafat, 15.6 ov), 8–138 (Sohail Tanvir, 17.6 ov), 9–141 (Umar Gul, 18.5 ov), 10–152 (Misbah-ul-Haq, 19.3 ov) Player of the Match: I K

"2007 ICC World Twenty20"
Group A, where Bangladesh (original seed A3) qualified ahead of West Indies (original seed A2) and therefore took on the A2 spot in Group F. The other seven top seeds qualified. The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. The two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals. India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring. Umar Gul took the wickets of both Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs; only Gautam Gambhir

was on the charge from the beginning of their innings when debutante Yusuf Pathan started aggressively by hitting one four and one six. But he was the first to fall for 15 runs at 25/1 at over 2.4. Then Indian scoring rate was going down. Robin Uthappa(8 run from 11 ball), Yuvraj Singh(14 run from 19 ball), MS Dhoni(6 run from 10 ball) all departed soon and while Gambhir was stuck to the other end. His 75 from 56 hit 8 four and 2 six and Rohit Sharma's 30 not out of 16 hit 2 four and one six at

2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final The final of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 cricket tournament, was played on 24 September 2007 between India and Pakistan at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg. Pakistan qualified for the final by defeating New Zealand in the first semifinal while India defeated Australia in the second semi final. India won the final by 5 runs, to win their second ICC limited-overs title. India's Irfan Pathan won the player of the match award in the final for his bowling performance of 3/16 in 4 overs. The match had an attendance of 32,217

last stage took India to 157–5 in 20 overs. Umar Gul took 3–28 to be the best performer for Pakistan.Mohammad Asif and Sohail Tanvir take one wicket each. Pakistan suffered an early blow when Mohammad Hafeez was dismissed in the first over, and Kamran Akmal fell for a duck soon afterwards. Imran Nazir score at high run rate and have 33 run from just 14 ball by 4 four and 2 six but it was runout by Utthappa at score was 53–3(5.4 over) then soon Yonis Khan, Shoaib Malik, Yasir Arafat departed to make Pakistan 104–7. But Misbah was not

out at the other end. In the last over of the match Pakistan needed 13 runs to win the match and Misbah was still there. A six from Misbah took Pakistan to 152–9 and Pakistan's chance was then very good.Misbah scored 43 run from 38 ball including 4 sixes,from which three came in one over bowled by Harbajhan singh. He was however dismissed in the last over for 43 by Joginder Sharma and Pakistan was all out for 152. Irfan Pathan and RP Singh were the best bowlers for India by taking 3 wickets each .Joginder Sharma took 2 wicket

(75 from 54 balls) produced a notable innings. A 21-run over from Sreesanth swung the game towards Pakistan. However, Irfan Pathan (3–16) and Joginder Sharma (2–20) slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, Misbah-ul-Haq hit 3 sixes off Harbhajan Singh in one over. Sreesanth was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of Sohail Tanvir, as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, with only 1 wicket remaining. Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by a dot ball. Misbah followed by taking six off a full-toss; Pakistan needed

just 6 runs to win from the last four balls. Misbah attempted to hit the next ball with a paddle-scoop over fine leg, but he only managed to sky the ball, and it was caught at short fine-leg by Sreesanth, leaving Pakistan all out for 152 runs. Irfan Pathan was awarded the Man of the Match for his spell, which included 3 wickets for 16 runs, including that of Man of the Series, Shahid Afridi. All matches were played at the following three grounds: The umpires were selected from the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires and the ICC International umpire

"Indian cricket team in England in 2007"
overs closing their innings on 201. James Anderson got his career best bowling figures of 5/42 in this innings. Andrew Strauss and Alastair Cook negotiated the final two overs of the session before lunch was taken. Play did not resume until 15:25 BST due to rain. At the restart Zaheer Khan left-handed swing troubled the opening batsmen with Strauss and Cook going out in quick succession before play stopped. After the rain interruption Vaughan and Pietersen survived the final 35 minutes of the play to end the day on 77/2 leading the game by 174 runs. England scored 25 runs

Kumble and was trapped lbw reducing England to 255/4. This wicket meant Anil Kumble overtook Shane Warne's Test record of 138 lbw wickets. Ryan Sidebottom joined Kevin Pietersen as nightwatchman and survived 5 deliveries before the day ended with England on 268/4. Heavy rain in the morning and poor weather forecasts made any play on the second day a remote possibility but rain stopped at around 13:00 BST allowing play to resume at 13:50 BST. The restart saw the Indian attack dismiss England for 298 with the final 26 runs costing 6 wickets. Chris Tremlett and Monty Panesar both went

"Jonathan Dayton"
Jersey, are named in his honor. Jonathan Dayton Jonathan Dayton (October 16, 1760October 9, 1824) was an American politician from the U.S. state of New Jersey. He was the youngest person to sign the United States Constitution and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving as its third Speaker, and later in the U.S. Senate. Dayton was arrested in 1807 for treason in connection with Aaron Burr's conspiracy. He was never tried, but his national political career never recovered. Dayton was born in Elizabethtown (now known as Elizabeth), New Jersey. He was the son of Elias Dayton, a

Jonathan Dayton Jonathan Dayton (October 16, 1760October 9, 1824) was an American politician from the U.S. state of New Jersey. He was the youngest person to sign the United States Constitution and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving as its third Speaker, and later in the U.S. Senate. Dayton was arrested in 1807 for treason in connection with Aaron Burr's conspiracy. He was never tried, but his national political career never recovered. Dayton was born in Elizabethtown (now known as Elizabeth), New Jersey. He was the son of Elias Dayton, a merchant who was prominent in local

"John C. Breckinridge"
Thirty-six years old at the time of his inauguration on March 4, 1857, Breckinridge was the youngest vice-president in U.S. history, exceeding the minimum age required under the Constitution by only a year. Buchanan resented the fact that Breckinridge had supported both Pierce and Douglas before endorsing his nomination. Relations between the two were further strained when, upon asking for a private interview with Buchanan, Breckinridge was told to come to the White House and ask for Harriet Lane, who acted as the mansion's host for the unmarried president. Feeling slighted by the response, Breckinridge refused to carry out these

young according to the State Constitution: Mike Laughlin in 1969 and Bryan Dorn (later a US Congressman) in 1941. They were seated anyway. On several occasions, the Socialist Workers Party (USA) has nominated candidates too young to qualify for the offices they were running for. In 1972, Linda Jenness ran as the SWP presidential candidate, although she was only 31 at the time. Since the U.S. Constitution requires that the President and Vice President be at least 35 years old, Jenness was not able to receive ballot access in several states in which she otherwise qualified. Despite this handicap, Jenness

"Presidency of Martin Van Buren"
rapidly, and factional and personal leaders continued to play a major role in politics. By the end of the campaign of 1836, the new party system was almost fully formed, as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs. Van Buren was sworn in as president by Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney on March 4, 1837, in a ceremony held on the East Portico of the United States Capitol. At age 54, he was the youngest person at the time to assume the presidency. Taking the oath as the eighth president, Van Buren defined

"Barack Obama Sr."
other women. In 1960 while studying at the University of Hawai'i on a special government-sponsored program, he met and dated Stanley Ann Dunham, an American woman. She became pregnant and they were married on the Hawaiian island of Maui on February 2, 1961, despite parental opposition from both families. Their son, future US president Barack Obama, was born in August 1961. They later separated and divorced on 20 March 1964, whereupon Ann Dunham was granted sole custody of the boy. After his 1962 graduation from the University of Hawaii, Obama (Sr.) went to Harvard University for a doctoral program in

"Theodore Roosevelt"
election. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously, and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace, prosperity, and conservation. After taking office as Vice President in March 1901, he became President at age 42 following McKinley's assassination that September, and remains the youngest person to become President of the United States. As a leader of the Progressive movement, he championed his ""Square Deal"" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. Making conservation a top priority, he established many new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve

"Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt"
of office. Being a few weeks short of his 43rd birthday, Roosevelt became the youngest president in U.S. history, a distinction he still retains. When asked whether he was ready to take the oath, Roosevelt answered, Roosevelt would later state that he came into office without any particular domestic policy goals. He broadly adhered to most Republican positions on economic issues, with the partial exception of the protective tariff. Roosevelt had stronger views in foreign policy, as he wanted the United States to accept the mantle of a great power in international relations. Anxious to ensure a smooth transition, Roosevelt

"Early life and career of Bill Clinton"
Early life and career of Bill Clinton William Jefferson ""Bill"" Clinton was the 42nd President of The United States from 1993 to 2001. He won two elections with landslide margins in the Electoral College in both 1992 and 1996. Most of his early life was spent in his home state of Arkansas, where he was born and raised for his entire childhood in varying cities from Hope to Hot Springs. He served in multiple political offices in the state including as the state's Attorney General for two years and as the Governor for almost twelve total, but not consecutive, years.

"John Tyler"
Tyler, at 51, became the youngest president to that point. ""Fearing that he would alienate Harrison's supporters, Tyler decided to keep the dead President's entire cabinet even though several members were openly hostile to him and resented his assumption of the office."" At his first cabinet meeting, Webster informed him of Harrison's practice of making policy by a majority vote. The Cabinet fully expected the new president to continue this practice. Tyler was astounded and immediately corrected them: Tyler delivered an inaugural address before the Congress on April 9, in which he reasserted his belief in fundamental tenets of Jeffersonian

"Wisconsin Badgers women's basketball"
a 3–13 conference record. Taylor Wurtz and Morgan Paige became the 22nd and 23rd players to reach the 1,000 point plateau. At the end of the 2013–2014 Kelsey's contract was extended three years, ending in the spring of 2019. The 2014-15 season ended with an 11th-place finish in the conference and a 9-20 record. Kelsey's fifth year as head coach ended with a 7-22 overall record and a 13th-place finish in the conference. Kelsey was let go on March 4, 2016 after finishing with an all-time record of 47-100. On March 31, 2016, Jonathan Tsipis was named the head coach

"Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball"
lost to #1 and eventual national champion Michigan State, 53–41. After three games into the 2000–01 season (in which he went 2–1), Bennett abruptly retired due to burnout. His final game was a 78–75 win over eventual Final Four participant Maryland. Assistant Brad Soderberg was named interim head coach. Soderberg led Wisconsin to a 16–10 record (18–11 overall), but was upset in the first round of the NCAA tournament by Georgia State. Soderberg was let go at the end of the season, and Wisconsin hired University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee coach Bo Ryan as the new head coach. Ryan had previously won

years. The mediocre records of the last decade of Foster's tenure would remain largely the norm for the Badgers for the next four decades. From 1954 to 1995, the Badgers would only have eight winning seasons. They also only notched two winning records in Big Ten play, and only finished as high as fourth four times. Among the few bright spots during this time were the 1962 win over number one ranked Ohio State and stars Jerry Lucas and John Havlicek, NIT appearances under Steve Yoder in 1989 and 1991, and another in 1992 under Stu Jackson. The revival of

their next five games. The team finished the Big Ten schedule with one loss to Nebraska in the regular season finale, earning the #2 seed in the Big Ten tournament. They lost in the semi-finals to the Michigan State Spartans. The Badgers were awarded a #2 seed in the NCAA tournament. They beat #15 seed American, then Oregon, Baylor, and the #1 seed Arizona Wildcats. This led to the third Final Four appearance for the Badgers in school history. The Badgers lost the Final Four match-up with Kentucky, when Aaron Harrison hit a last second three pointer. In the 2014–2015

"Wisconsin Badgers football"
have had 13 former players and coaches inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame Wisconsin has had 3 former players, graduates enshrined into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The following players have been nominated for national awards. Players highlighted in yellow indicate winners: List of Consensus All-Americans showing the year won, player and position Wisconsin plays the other six Big Ten West opponents once per season. Announced schedules as of July 13, 2018<br> In 2015, the Big Ten announced that starting in 2016 it will no longer allow its members to play Football Championship Subdivision teams, and will

Ten standings and in the Big Ten Conference Tournament. They entered the tournament as a #8 seed. They defeated #9 seed Virginia Tech in the First Round 84-74, moving on to face overall #1 seed Villanova at Madison Square Garden. They defeated Villanova 65-62 to advance to the Sweet Sixteen for the fourth straight year, only to lose 84-83 to #4 seed Florida on a last-second buzzer beater in overtime by Chris Chiozza. The Badgers have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 23 times, including a streak of 19 consecutive appearances. Their combined record is 38–22. They were the national champion

"Wisconsin Badgers"
(against 75 losses), defeating in-state rival Marquette. During the 2014–2015 season, the Badgers reached the National Championship game, but lost to Mike Krzyzewski's Duke squad. Badgers currently in the NBA include Sam Dekker, Frank Kaminsky, Devin Harris, Greg Stiemsma and Jon Leuer. Wisconsin's football program has been among the most successful in the Big Ten since the early 1990s, when Barry Alvarez was hired as head coach. Under Alvarez, the Badgers won three Big Ten Championships and three Rose Bowls. In the 2005 season, Alvarez's last year as coach, the Badgers defeated the Auburn Tigers 24-10, in the Capital One

before losing to #1 and eventual national champion, North Carolina. In the 2005–06 season, the Badgers had a somewhat disappointing season that culminated in a loss to Indiana in the Big Ten Tournament quarterfinals, and another loss to Arizona in the first round of the NCAA Tournament. The highlight of the season was a win over intrastate rival Marquette. The Badgers' lone non-conference loss was against Missouri State. On February 19, 2007, the Badgers earned their first #1 ranking in school history with a 26–2 record, but the next day, were defeated by the unranked Michigan State Spartans 64–55 at

Wisconsin basketball began in the early 1990's, when Yoder and Jackson recruited and developed Michael Finley, Tracy Webster, Rashard Griffith and other talented players. In 1994, the Badgers returned to the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1947, and notched their first win in that tournament since winning it all in 1941. in 1995, Dick Bennett then took over after leading Wisconsin-Green Bay to mid-major prominence. In 1997, he led the Badgers to their first winning Big Ten record in 23 years, and only their second in 43 years. The Badgers began a run of consecutive NCAA tournament appearances

season the Badgers won the Big Ten title outright and the Big Ten Tournament title. They received their first #1 seed in the NCAA tournament, entering the tournament ranked #3 in the nation. The Badgers locked up their second consecutive Final Four appearance with an 85–78 victory over #2 seed Arizona, after having defeated #4 seed North Carolina 79–72. In the Final Four, they topped previously unbeaten overall #1 seed Kentucky 71–64, ending their undefeated season. They lost to Duke in the championship game, 68–63. In the 2015–2016 season, the Badgers entered the NCAA tournament as a #7 seed. The

mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergo to be able to act as mature insulin

Proinsulin Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the ""INS"" gene. The islets of Langerhans only secrete between 1% and 3% of proinsulin intact. However, because proinsulin has a longer half life than insulin, it can account for anywhere from 5–30% of the insulin-like structures circulating in the blood. There are higher concentrations of proinsulin after meals and lower levels when a person is fasting. Additionally, while proinsulin and insulin have structural differences, proinsulin does demonstrate some affinity for

only amino acid change mutations found in the B domain lead to the disease. Proinsulin Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the ""INS"" gene. The islets of Langerhans only secrete between 1% and 3% of proinsulin intact. However, because proinsulin has a longer half life than insulin, it can account for anywhere from 5–30% of the insulin-like structures circulating in the blood. There are higher concentrations of proinsulin after meals and lower levels when a person is fasting.

ability to properly fold the protein. This stress, after a while, would lead to a decrease in the number of β-cells producing mature insulin, and would then lead to diabetes mellitus. Postnatal proinsulin is crucial for metabolic regulation. However, proinsulin in neonates is important for normal development of the nerves of the eye, development of the heart, and general survival of embryonic cells. Regulation of the concentration of proinsulin during embryonic development is crucial, as too much or too little of the peptide can cause defects and death of the fetus. Thus far in the study of neonatal diabetes mellitus,

PC2, a type II endoprotease, cleaves the C peptide-A chain bond. The resulting molecule, now mature insulin, is stored as a hexamer in secretory vesicles and is stabilized with formula_1 molecules until it is secreted. When insulin was originally purified from bovine or porcine pancreata, all the proinsulin was not fully removed. When some people used these insulins, the proinsulin may have caused the body to react with a rash, to resist the insulin, or even to make dents or lumps in the skin at the place where the insulin was injected. This can be described as an iatrogenic injury

placement of the C peptide sets the molecule up to create correctly positioned disulfide bonds in and between the A and B chains. There are three disulfide bonds that are necessary for mature insulin to be the correct structure. Two of these disulfide bonds are between the A and B chains, and one is an intra-A chain bond. The disulfide bonds occur between the seventh residues of the A and B chain, the 19th residue of the A chain and the 20th residue of the B chain, and the 6th and 11th residues of the A chain. The C peptide

lives. Historically, the focus of many insulin related metabolic diseases has focused on mature insulin. However, in recent years the importance of studying the structure and function of proinsulin in relation to these diseases has become increasingly clear. Increased levels of proinsulin in the circulatory system relative to mature insulin concentrations can indicate impending insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Additional problems with proinsulin that can lead to diabetes include mutations in the number of cysteines present, which could affect correct folding. If the mutation causes only a mild change it could simply stress the endoplasmic reticulum’s

Insulin
beta cells. Preproinsulin contains a 24-residue signal peptide which directs the nascent polypeptide chain to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The signal peptide is cleaved as the polypeptide is translocated into lumen of the RER, forming proinsulin. In the RER the proinsulin folds into the correct conformation and 3 disulfide bonds are formed. About 5–10 min after its assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin is transported to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where immature granules are formed. Transport to the TGN may take about 30 min. Proinsulin undergoes maturation into active insulin through the action of cellular endopeptidases known as prohormone

"King cobra"
Inside the mound, the eggs are incubated at a steady . When the eggs start to hatch, the female leaves the nest. The baby king cobra's venom is as potent as that of the adults. They may be brightly marked, but these colours often fade as they mature. They are alert and nervous, being highly aggressive if disturbed. The venom of the king cobra consists primarily of neurotoxins, known as the haditoxin, with several other compounds. Its murine toxicity varies from intravenous 1.31 mg/kg and intraperitoneal 1.644 mg/kg to subcutaneous 1.7—1.93 mg/kg. This species is capable of delivering a fatal

bite and the victim may receive a large quantity of venom with a dose of 200 to 500 mg up to 7 ml. Engelmann and Obst (1981) list the average venom yield at 420 mg (dry weight). Accordingly, large quantities of antivenom may be needed to reverse the progression of symptoms developed if bitten by a king cobra. The toxins affect the victim's central nervous system, resulting in severe pain, blurred vision, vertigo, drowsiness, and eventually paralysis. If the envenomation is serious, it progresses to cardiovascular collapse, and the victim falls into a coma. Death soon follows due to respiratory

""Ophiophagus"" is a Greek-derived word that means ""snake-eater"". Its diet consists primarily of other snakes, including rat snakes, pythons, and even other venomous snakes such as various members of the true cobras and the krait. Its most common prey is the rat snake, and it also hunts Malabar pit viper and hump-nosed pit viper by following the snakes' odour trails. When food is scarce, it also feeds on other small vertebrates, such as lizards, birds, and rodents. In some cases, the cobra constricts its prey, such as birds and larger rodents, using its muscular body, though this is uncommon. After

it has two short, fixed fangs in the front of the mouth, which channel venom into the prey like hypodermic needles. The average lifespan of a wild king cobra is about 20 years. King cobras are sexually dimorphic in size, with males reaching larger sizes than females, which is an unusual trait among snakes whose females are usually larger than males. The length and mass of the snakes highly depend on their localities and some other factors. The king cobra typically weighs about . The longest known specimen was a captive one at the London Zoo, and grew to around

King cobra The king cobra (""Ophiophagus hannah""), also known as the hamadryad, is a venomous snake species in the family Elapidae, endemic to forests from India through Southeast Asia. It is threatened by habitat destruction and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2010. It is the world's longest venomous snake. Adult king cobras are long. The longest known individual measured . Despite the word ""cobra"" in its common name, this species does not belong to genus ""Naja"" but is the sole member of its own. It preys chiefly on other snakes and occasionally on some

make similar growls. The female is gravid for 50 to 59 days, after which she builds a nest, lays 12 to 51 eggs and guards it during the incubation period of about 51 to 79 days. The hatchlings are long and weigh . The king cobra is unusual among snakes in that the female is a very dedicated parent. For the nest, the female scrapes up leaves and other debris into a mound, and stays in the nest until the young hatch. She guards the mound tenaciously, rearing up into a threat display if any large animal gets too close.

oval shaped. Dorsal scales are placed in an oblique arrangement. Males have 235 to 250 ventral scales, while females have 239 to 265. The subcaudal scales are single or paired in each row, numbering 83 to 96 in males and 77 to 98 in females. Juveniles are shiny black with narrow yellow bands (can be mistaken for a banded krait, but readily identified with its expandable hood). The head of a mature snake can be quite massive and bulky in appearance, though like all snakes, it can expand its jaws to swallow large prey items. It has proteroglyph dentition, meaning

failure. Bites from a king cobra may result in a rapid fatality which can be as early as 30 minutes after the envenomation. The king cobra's envenomation was even recorded to be capable of killing elephants within hours. Two types of antivenom are made specifically to treat king cobra envenomations. The Red Cross in Thailand manufactures one, and the Central Research Institute in India manufactures the other; however, both are made in small quantities and, while available to order, are not widely stocked. Ohanin, a protein component of the venom, causes hypolocomotion and hyperalgesia in mammals. Other components have cardiotoxic,

bodies in a weekly inoculation that potentially might protect them from the snake, though no scientific evidence supports this. Cobra stones or gems or pearls are believed to develop from the cobra's hood. King cobra The king cobra (""Ophiophagus hannah""), also known as the hamadryad, is a venomous snake species in the family Elapidae, endemic to forests from India through Southeast Asia. It is threatened by habitat destruction and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2010. It is the world's longest venomous snake. Adult king cobras are long. The longest known individual measured . Despite

and ongoing collection for the international pet trade. It is listed as an Appendix II animal within CITES. A king cobra, like other snakes, receives chemical information via its forked tongue, which picks up scent particles and transfers them to a special sensory receptor (Jacobson's organ) located in the roof of its mouth. This is akin to the human sense of smell. When the scent of a meal is detected, the snake flicks its tongue to gauge the prey's location (the twin forks of the tongue acting in stereo); it also uses its keen eyesight; king cobras are able to

"Emmanuelle Chriqui"
Eve"", and played Adam Sandler's love interest in the 2008 film ""You Don't Mess with the Zohan"". Chriqui was nominated for a Best Actress DVD Exclusive Award for her performance in ""100 Girls"" and was nominated, with Lance Bass, for a Choice Liplock Teen Choice Award in ""On the Line"". In April 2008, she won the Standout Performance Trophy at the Young Hollywood Awards. Chriqui also starred in several music videos including Hinder's ""Lips of an Angel"", Zac Brown Band's ""Whatever It Is"", and Charles Perry's ""I Could Be the Best Time of Your Life"". She threw out the ceremonial

"Mika Boorem"
starring Tom Arnold, Paige Howard, Devin Ratray, Brian Krause and Cody Kasch, as well as Boorem herself. Mika Boorem Mika Sue Boorem (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress and director. She began her career as a child actor, appearing on television in small guest roles on ""Touched by an Angel"" and ""Ally McBeal"", before earning critical acclaim for her performance in ""The Education of Little Tree"" (1997). After being cast in supporting roles in ""Jack Frost"" and ""Mighty Joe Young"" (both 1998), Boorem had a lead role in the drama ""Hearts in Atlantis"" (2001), opposite Anton Yelchin and

Mika Boorem Mika Sue Boorem (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress and director. She began her career as a child actor, appearing on television in small guest roles on ""Touched by an Angel"" and ""Ally McBeal"", before earning critical acclaim for her performance in ""The Education of Little Tree"" (1997). After being cast in supporting roles in ""Jack Frost"" and ""Mighty Joe Young"" (both 1998), Boorem had a lead role in the drama ""Hearts in Atlantis"" (2001), opposite Anton Yelchin and Anthony Hopkins, which garnered her further critical acclaim. Boorem subsequently had supporting roles in the war drama

"Ayla Peksoylu"
Ayla Peksoylu Ayla Peksoylu also known as ANGEL-I' is half Irish half Turkish Cypriot UK-born singer, songwriter, actress and professional model from a very established musically backgrounded family. She began modelling/acting at around age 4 and has worked with, for and amongst actors and artists such as the Scottish actor Ewan McGregor -AEON commercial, Jeremy Healy - Peakin' music video, Texas - 'Inner smile' music video. She has also featured for brands such as Sony, Nike, Motorola and KFC. Her singing career has taken her to many countries and she has worked with Turkish mega star Ajda Pekkan on the

"Lips of an Angel"
It"", reached a peak of number 16 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart in April 2007. Ingram's version does not include the last stanza where the singer once again asks why she is calling so late. Regarding his cover of this song, Ingram gave an explanation in the liner notes of ""This Is It"": Premiering in early 2007, the music video for ""Lips of an Angel"" was directed by Shaun Silva and largely follows the narrative of the song's lyrics, focusing on a late night phone call between the raconteur (Austin Winkler) and his former lover (Emmanuelle Chriqui). Lips

"Taylor Bagley"
Vogue Italia. In 2013, she appeared as the angel in ""La Passione"", James Franco's short film for Gucci. In 2014, she made a small appearance in her then-boyfriend Zach Braff's movie ""Wish I Was Here"" as a cosplayer. In 2015, she participated in Interpol's music video ""Everything is Wrong"". Bagley was in a five-year relationship with actor/director Zach Braff from 2009 to 2014. They resided in Los Angeles and New York City. Bagley entered into a relationship with English musician Alex Turner in early 2015 and they broke up in July 2018. Taylor Bagley Taylor Elise Bagley (born September 9,

Judi Dench's Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts and dance at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts. Ayla Peksoylu Ayla Peksoylu also known as ANGEL-I' is half Irish half Turkish Cypriot UK-born singer, songwriter, actress and professional model from a very established musically backgrounded family. She began modelling/acting at around age 4 and has worked with, for and amongst actors and artists such as the Scottish actor Ewan McGregor -AEON commercial, Jeremy Healy - Peakin' music video, Texas - 'Inner smile' music video. She has also featured for brands such as Sony, Nike, Motorola and KFC. Her singing career has

"Gabrielle Miller (Australian actress)"
two episodes of the German comedy series ""Big Heads"" which uses, for satirical effect, oversized replicas of celebrities' and politicians' heads. She has also appeared in music videos ""Jonathan Jeremiah - Lazin' In The Sunshine"" and ""Kooii - Circle in the Sun"" (both 2012), ""Denk mal an Berlin e.V. - Unser Erbe ist ein Teil unserer Zukunft"", ""VonLewald - Aerobic Rider"" and ""Faun - Walpurgis Nacht"" (all three in 2014) ""The Lips - I Got a Hole in Me"" (2015) as well as ""The Lips - Trouble in Paradise"" (2016). She co-starred in avant-garde director and choreographer Michael Laub's production

"Jemima Kirke"
Jemima Kirke Jemima Kirke (born 26 April 1985) is an English-American artist and actress. She played Jessa Johansson on the television series ""Girls"". She made her feature-length debut in the independent film ""Tiny Furniture"", as a favour for her childhood friend Lena Dunham, although her actual film debut was in the indie short film ""Smile for the Camera"". In 2017, she starred in Zayn's music video for the single ""Dusk Till Dawn"" featuring Sia. Born in London to English parents, Kirke was raised in New York City. She is the daughter of Simon Kirke, the former drummer of the rock

"Anya Taylor-Joy"
Cooke, a girl abducted by a mysterious man with split personalities. In 2019, she will reprise her role as Casey Cooke in the film ""Glass"". Taylor-Joy is also attached to star in ""Nosferatu"", a remake of the film of the same name, to be directed by Eggers in her second collaboration with him. She will also star in ""The Sea Change"". Taylor-Joy was the lead actress in the music video for Skrillex's remix of GTA's song ""Red Lips"". She was nominated for the 2017 BAFTA Rising Star Award. Anya Taylor-Joy Anya-Josephine Taylor-Joy (born 16 April 1996) is an American actress.

"History of Mumbai"
communal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. A series of 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions took place in Bombay on 12 March 1993, which resulted in 257 deaths and 700 injuries. The attacks were believed to be orchestrated by mafia don Dawood Ibrahim in retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition. In 1996, the newly elected Shiv Sena-led government renamed the city of Bombay to the native name Mumbai, after the Koli native Marathi people Goddess Mumbadevi. Soon colonial British names were shed to assert or reassert local names, such as

the city was incorporated into the dominion of the newly created Maharashtra State from Bombay State. The city's secular fabric was torn apart in the communal riots of 1992–93, while the bombings of 1993 caused extensive loss of life and property. The city was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80 mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. Soon after its detachment, the peninsular region of the Indian plate drifted over the Réunion hotspot, a volcanic hotspot in the Earth's lithosphere near the island of Réunion.

Bombay on 28 February 1948, ending the 282-year-long period of the British in Bombay . After the Partition of India on 15 August 1947, over 100,000 Sindhi refugees from the newly created Pakistan were relocated in the military camps five kilometres from Kalyan in the Maharashta Region. It was converted into a township in 1949, and named Ulhasnagar by the then Governor-General of India, C. Rajagopalachari. In April 1950, Greater Bombay District came into existence with the merger of Bombay Suburbs and Bombay City. It spanned an area of and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. The Municipal Corporation limits

Mumbai
island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mamba Dévi, and that she still..., possesses a temple"". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as ""Mumbai"" or ""Mambai"" in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as ""Bambai"" in Hindi. The Government of India officially changed the English name to ""Mumbai"" in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to ""Slate"" magazine, ""they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted

was established in 1958 at Powai, a northern suburb of Bombay. Following protests by the Samyukta Maharashtra movement in which 105 people were killed by police firing, Maharashtra State was formed with Bombay as its capital on 1 May 1960. Flora Fountain was renamed Hutatma Chowk (""Martyr's Square"") as a memorial to the Samyukta Maharashtra movement. In the early 1960s, the Parsi and Marwaris Migrant communities owned majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city, while the white-collar jobs were mainly sought by the South Indian migrants to the city. The Shiv Sena party was established on 19

Mumbai
105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as ""Hutatma Chowk"" (Martyr's Square), and a memorial was erected. The following decades saw massive

"Renaming of cities in India"
Similarly, Bombay, which was always called 'Mumbai' in Marathi, was restored to Mumbai in 1996. The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect's internal reforms. In other words, the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language, and the local name (or endonym) in the indigenous languages of India does not change, but the official spelling in Indian English is amended. An example is the change from English ""Calcutta"" to English ""Kolkata"" – the local Bengali name ( ""Kôlkata"") did not change. Such changes in English spelling may be

Mumbai
About 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected. As the capital of the Bombay Presidency, the city witnessed the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement in 1942 and The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 being its most notable events. After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State. In April 1950, Municipal limits

Mumbai
18th century, Bombay began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India. Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War. The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776), and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed

were extended up to Jogeshwari along the Western Railway and Bhandup along the Central Railway. This limit was further extended in February 1957 up to Dahisar along the Western Railway and Mulund on the Central Railway. In the 1955 ""Lok Sabha"" discussions, when Bombay State was being re-organised along linguistic lines into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. But the States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bi-lingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat, with Bombay as its capital. However, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed this, and insisted that Bombay native of Marathi be declared the capital of Maharashtra. The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

The first official trailer for season 7 was released on May 24, 2017. The trailer set a world record for being the most viewed show trailer ever, being viewed 61 million times across digital platforms, in the first 24 hours. The second official trailer was released on June 21, 2017. The season premiere was screened at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles on July 12, 2017. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017. The season premiere was pirated 90 million times in the first three days after it aired. On

Now and HBO Go apps are included. Over the season, the viewer numbers averaged at over 30 million per episode across all platforms. The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners in 186 countries. In some countries, it aired the day after its first release. On July 23, 2016, a teaser production trailer was released by HBO at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer mostly consisted of voice overs, and shots of crew members creating sets and props. The first footage from the season was revealed in a new promotional video released by HBO

the Seven Kingdoms. HBO ordered the seventh season on April 21, 2016, three days before the premiere of the show's sixth season, and began filming on August 31, 2016. The season was filmed primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia and Iceland. ""Game of Thrones"" features a large ensemble cast, including Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, and Kit Harington. The season introduces several new cast members, including Jim Broadbent and Tom Hopper. The series received 22 nominations for the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, and won for Outstanding Drama Series and Dinklage won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a

August 4, 2017, it was reported that, two days before its original broadcast, the fourth episode of the season was leaked online from Star India, one of HBO's international network partners. The leaked copy has the ""for internal viewing only"" watermark. On July 31, 2017, due to a security breach, HBO was the victim of 1.5 terabytes of stolen data. However, ""this was not related to this episode leak"", according to ""The Verge"". On August 16, 2017, four days before its intended release, it was reported that HBO Spain and HBO Nordic accidentally allowed the sixth episode of the series

On March 9, 2017, HBO hosted a live stream on the ""Game of Thrones"" Facebook page that revealed the premiere date for the seventh season as being July 16, 2017. It was accompanied by a teaser trailer. On March 30, 2017, the first official promo for the show was released, highlighting the thrones of Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow, and Cersei Lannister. On April 20, 2017, HBO released 15 official photos shot during the season. On May 22, 2017, HBO released several new photos from the new season. On May 23, 2017, HBO released the official posters featuring the Night King.

"Twenty One Pilots"
""Christmas With the Stars."" Salih left on May 8, 2011 to focus on work, and Thomas left the next month on June 3, 2011 to focus on schooling, both posting farewell notes on the band's official Facebook page. Before departing the project, Salih invited Guitar Center co-worker and friend of the group Josh Dun (former touring drummer for House of Heroes), to take his place in the band. Impressed by the band's potential and Joseph's creative vision, Dun abandoned plans to pursue drumming in Nashville and joined the project only a few weeks before Thomas left the group. Both Salih

before ending their tour cycle with arena shows at Nationwide Arena and Value City Arena. In an interview with ""Alternative Press"" in November 2016, Twenty One Pilots stated that after their last show, they will be ""going dark"" to focus on new music. Joseph stated that he would like to focus on lyrical content of the music, and bring the music back to the ""authenticity, lyrics, delivery, and fearlessness of songwriting"" similar to that of the self-titled album. The band's last activity came in July 2017 in the form of posts on social media depicting an eye closing over lyrics

embarked on a short tour with Neon Trees and Walk the Moon. Tyler Joseph successfully negotiated to maintain ownership of the preceding self-titled album, which remains available digitally. However, as part of a signing agreement in 2012 with record label Fueled by Ramen, rights to ""Regional at Best"" were transferred to the label, meaning that ""Regional at Best"" was discontinued and removed from digital markets. ""Regional at Best"" tracks ""Slowtown"", ""Anathema"", ""Ruby"", ""Be Concerned"", and ""Clear"" have since been made commercially unavailable, and physical copies of the album are now rare and highly sought after. On November 12, 2012, the

Twenty One Pilots Twenty One Pilots (stylized as twenty one pilots or twenty øne piløts) is an American musical duo from Columbus, Ohio. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist Tyler Joseph along with Nick Thomas and Chris Salih, who left in 2011. The current line-up is Joseph and drummer Josh Dun. They put out two self-released albums, ""Twenty One Pilots"" in 2009 and ""Regional at Best"" in 2011, before being signed by Fueled by Ramen in 2012. Their label debut, ""Vessel"", was released in 2013. The duo achieved breakthrough success with their fourth album, ""Blurryface"" (2015), which

2014, the band released a music video for the song ""Ode to Sleep"". Composed of footage captured by band creative director Mark Eshleman from three concerts over the preceding three years, the video depicted the band's rapid growth from their origins as a small local band to a nationally-popular alternative act, an upward trend that would continue into the next album cycle. On March 16, 2015, the band announced that a new album, ""Blurryface"", was to be released on May 19. They also released the first single, ""Fairly Local"", on March 17. Their second single of the album, ""Tear in

Award for ""Stressed Out"" in the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance category. The band stripped to their underwear before taking the stage, with Joseph claiming in their acceptance speech that this was a fulfillment of a promise the duo had made each other in their early days as a local Columbus band. On March 27, 2017, the band began selling tickets for what they called a ""Tour De Columbus"", a five-date hometown tour taking place in June 2017. The duo performed at several small venues they first played as a local band including The Basement, Newport Music Hall, and Express Live!,

to fans and later posting a video to all social media platforms and updating their logo and branding. Tyler Joseph made his first media appearance in over a year for an interview with Zane Lowe of Beats 1 from his own home studio in Columbus, Ohio, in which he spoke about the band's year long hiatus, creating the new album, and battling against personal demons and insecurities. On July 11, 2018, the band released two new songs, ""Jumpsuit"" and ""Nico and the Niners"", as well as the music video for ""Jumpsuit"". They also made the announcement of their fifth studio

"Blue Angels"
safety stand-down, canceling their upcoming Naval Academy Airshow and returning to their home base in Pensacola, Florida, for additional training and airshow practice. On 26 May, the Blue Angels announced they would not be flying their traditional fly-over of the Naval Academy Graduation Ceremony and that they were canceling their 28–29 May 2011 performances at the Millville Wings and Wheels Airshow in Millville, New Jersey. On 27 May 2011, the Blue Angels announced that Commander Dave Koss, the squadron's Commanding Officer, would be stepping down. He was replaced by Captain Greg McWherter, the team's previous Commanding Officer. The squadron canceled

"Jet Lag Gemini"
Jet Lag Gemini Jet Lag Gemini (known as Jet Lag or JLG) was an American rock band. Formed in 2004, they released their debut EP, Business, in the summer of 2006. Their first full-length album, ""Fire the Cannons"" was released on January 22, 2008. They had planned on releasing their currently untitled second album early 2010, which was rumored to be produced by Mark Hoppus of Blink 182. Between 2010 and 2011 the band was dismantled. Formed in 2004 in Mahwah, New Jersey, while all the band members were well under 21, Jet Lag Gemini has members from three different

album, ""Trench"", scheduled to be released on October 5, 2018, and a new world tour, titled ""The Bandito Tour"", starting October 16. Later, on July 26, 2018, the music video for ""Nico and the Niners"" was released. The song ""Levitate"" was subsequently released as the album's third single via Zane Lowe's Beats 1 show as the day's ""World Record"". The music video was also released, concluding the trilogy series. On August 20, 2018, at the MTV VMAs, a ten second long snippet of the song ""My Blood"" was played at the end of a commercial promoting the album. On August

break up with him. April also impresses Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and she is ultimately granted the position of Chief Resident in the season seven finale. Kepner initially struggles with her new status as her fellow doctors do not listen to her and do not take her seriously. As the end of the fifth year of residency is near, the surgical residents, including Kepner, prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining. The night before taking the exam, April loses her virginity to Avery. This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams,

the remainder of the sixth season, with her becoming a series regular in the seventh season. The character's main storylines involved her professional struggles, her religious beliefs, and her relationship with her best friend and now ex-husband Jackson Avery. The character's story concludes with the fourteenth season. Although initially focusing on neurosurgery during her residency due to her crush on Derek Shepherd, Kepner finally settles on trauma surgery as a specialty. After failing her boards, Kepner departs but returns as a surgical attending when Chief Owen Hunt offers her job back. ABC noted her determination, thoroughness, and intelligence as her

her, she breaks up with him, creating a coldness between them. However, it is Stark who recommends her as chief resident to Dr. Hunt. Drew stated: ""She sees a side to Dr. Stark that he doesn’t show to anyone else at the hospital, and she finds that part endearing...I think they enjoy the companionship."" In the end of season eight, Kepner embarks on a relationship with her best friend turned lover Jackson Avery (Williams), who she loses her virginity to and that eventually leads her to reflect on her faith and fail her boards. Critics praised the chemistry between April

out about Dr. Herman’s supposedly inoperable tumor, and she thinks that she can save her. She spends hours trying to learn every single detail of the tumor. Once she thinks she has it figured out and every step of the surgery planned, she gives a lecture. During the lecture, her colleagues question her motives and wonder why her brother, the famous Dr. Derek Shepherd, isn’t coming back from Washington, D.C. to help her. She assures them she knows what she’s doing and that she doesn’t need her brother’s help. Dr. Herman’s tumor quickly advances as she neglects to continue chemotherapy,

Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The doctors at Grey Sloan Memorial must get used to the fact that Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) is now in Switzerland, but they find it difficult to like her new replacement, Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary). She tries making friends with the doctors, but the one she’s really interested in learning more about is her half-sister, Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). Upon hearing Maggie's news, Meredith doesn’t believe her. Trying to prove her wrong, Meredith pores over her mother’s journals to see if there might have been any evidence of truth. What

April Kepner April Kepner M.D., is a fictional character from the ABC ‘s hit medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actress Sarah Drew. She was introduced in the episode ""Invasion"" as a surgical resident from Mercy West Hospital who joins the staff at Seattle Grace Mercy West after the two hospitals merge to compensate for the absence of some of the central cast members, and was created to be disliked by her colleagues. The character was originally set to appear in two episodes but Drew's contract was extended to

"Archie Morris"
stoned, waits at the admit desk to be disciplined, doing nothing to assist the other doctors as they deal with the fiery crash. Morris's lack of commitment and slacking have already been well-established when his neglect costs a patient's life. The patient waits for hours to be seen by a doctor before she has a stroke and dies. Morris abruptly quits, storming out of the ER, only to return the next day claiming his father would deny him financial support if he didn't see this ""thing"" through. Morris is made Chief Resident in season 11, allowing his character to further

"John Carter (ER)"
residency, he agrees to work for free. He is part of an influential and wealthy family and does not need to work, enabling County General to take him on despite its lack of funding for an additional position. As a resident his confidence grows, and he often goes out of the way to help patients. During Season 6, Carter and his friend and medical student Lucy Knight (Kellie Martin) are stabbed by patient Paul Sobricki (David Krumholtz), a law student suffering from schizophrenia. Knight dies from her injuries while Carter's injuries leave him with lifelong kidney problems. As a result

"Jing-Mei Chen"
She appeals the decision and is promoted to Chief Resident in Season 8. During this season it was shown that her attraction to Dave Malucci had disappeared and in fact, their relationship had turned somewhat adversarial. During the early part of Season 8, Jing-Mei is having a hard time as an authority figure in the ER. Weaver is pressuring her about being indecisive. In the episode ""The Longer You Stay"", Jing-Mei and Dr. Dave Malucci make a hasty decision to perform a procedure before checking all necessary tests, ultimately killing the patient who was later revealed to have symptoms associated

"Heart development"
Heart development Heart development (also known as cardiogenesis) refers to the prenatal development of the human heart. This begins with the formation of two endocardial tubes which merge to form the tubular heart, also called the ""primitive heart tube"", that loops and septates into the four chambers and paired arterial trunks that form the adult heart. The heart is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos, and in the human, beats spontaneously by week 4 of development. The tubular heart quickly differentiates into the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and the sinus venosus. The truncus arteriosus splits

Heart
cardiac nerves. This shortens the repolarization period, thus speeding the rate of depolarization and contraction, which results in an increased heart rate. It opens chemical or ligand-gated sodium and calcium ion channels, allowing an influx of positively charged ions. Norepinephrine binds to the beta–1 receptor. The heart is the first functional organ to develop and starts to beat and pump blood at about three weeks into embryogenesis. This early start is crucial for subsequent embryonic and prenatal development. The heart derives from splanchnopleuric mesenchyme in the neural plate which forms the cardiogenic region. Two endocardial tubes form here that fuse

Heart
The foramen ovale allowed blood in the fetal heart to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, allowing some blood to bypass the lungs. Within seconds after birth, a flap of tissue known as the septum primum that previously acted as a valve closes the foramen ovale and establishes the typical cardiac circulation pattern. A depression in the surface of the right atrium remains where the foramen ovale was, called the fossa ovalis. The embryonic heart begins beating at around 22 days after conception (5 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, LMP). It starts to beat

Heart
at a rate near to the mother's which is about 75–80 beats per minute (bpm). The embryonic heart rate then accelerates and reaches a peak rate of 165–185 bpm early in the early 7th week (early 9th week after the LMP). After 9 weeks (start of the fetal stage) it starts to decelerate, slowing to around 145 (±25) bpm at birth. There is no difference in female and male heart rates before birth. The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system to provide a continuous flow of blood throughout the body. This circulation consists of the systemic circulation

before the fusion of the endocardial tubes. The heartbeat begins in the region of the pacemaker which has a spontaneous depolarization time faster than the rest of myocardium. The primitive ventricle acts as initial pacemaker. But this pacemaker activity is actually made by a group of cells that derive from the sinoatrial right venous sinus. These cells form an ovoid sinoatrial node (SAN), on the left venous valve. After the development of the SAN, the superior endocardial cushions begin to form a pacemaker as known as the atrioventricular node. With the development of the SAN, a band of specialized conducting

date normally used to date pregnancy in the medical community. The electrical depolarizations that trigger cardiac myocytes to contract arise spontaneously within the myocyte itself. The heartbeat is initiated in the pacemaker regions and spreads to the rest of the heart through a conduction pathway. Pacemaker cells develop in the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus to form the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node respectively. Conductive cells develop the bundle of His and carry the depolarization into the lower heart. The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75–80 beats per minute (bpm). The embryonic

form on either side and coalesce to form the endocardial tubes. As embryonic folding continues, the two endocardial tubes are pushed into the thoracic cavity, where they begin to fuse together, and this is completed at about 22 days. At around 18 to 19 days after fertilisation, the heart begins to form. This early development is critical for subsequent embryonic and prenatal development. The heart is the first functional organ to develop and starts to beat and pump blood at around day 21 or 22. The heart begins to develop near the head of the embryo in the cardiogenic area.

veins: the vitelline vein, the umbilical vein and the common cardinal vein. The sinus opening moves clockwise. This movement is caused mainly by the left to right shunt of blood, which occurs in the venous system during the fourth and fifth week of development. When the left common cardinal vein disappears in the tenth week only the oblique vein of the left atrium and the coronary sinus remain. The right pole joins the right atrium to form the wall portion of the right atrium. The right and left venous valves fuse and form a peak known as the septum spurium.

Heart
is established by the sinoatrial node, the heart's pacemaker. Here an electrical signal is created that travels through the heart, causing the heart muscle to contract. The sinoatrial node is found in the upper part of the right atrium near to the junction with the superior vena cava. The electrical signal generated by the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium in a radial way that is not completely understood. It travels to the left atrium via Bachmann's bundle, such that the muscles of the left and right atria contract together. The signal then travels to the atrioventricular node. This

spreads to the rest of the heart through a conduction pathway. Pacemaker cells develop in the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus to form the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node respectively. Conductive cells develop the bundle of His and carry the depolarization into the lower heart. Cardiac activity is visible beginning at approximately 5 weeks of pregnancy. The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75-80 beats per minute (BPM). The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th

"America's Got Talent (season 5)"
show is once again hosted by Nick Cannon with Sharon Osbourne and Piers Morgan as judges. Piers Morgan announced on ""The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"" on July 27, 2010 that he signed a three year contract to stay on ""Talent"". America's Got Talent (season 5) The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on May 26, 2011, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho. The season 5 selection

America's Got Talent (season 5) The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on May 26, 2011, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho. The season 5 selection process appears to carry over that of the past two seasons, but the Las Vegas Round was changed to that of the second and third seasons, which gave the performers a second chance to showcase their act. Instead of an audition

The semifinal consisted of 24 acts this year. Ten of the 24 passed through to the Top 10 round, from which six were eliminated, leaving four to compete in the finals. The fifth season of ""America's Got Talent"", premiered on NBC on June 1, 2010. This season, auditions were held in six major U.S. cities: Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, Universal Orlando Resort, Portland, and Chicago. Host Nick Cannon and judges Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned to the show. Howie Mandel joined the show, taking the place of David Hasselhoff as the third judge. The auditions lasted for ten

"America's Got Talent (season 12)"
of the show was the same as in season eleven, and Dunkin Donuts sponsors the show for a third consecutive season. A guest judge joined the panel for each episode of the Judge Cuts round: Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. Darci Lynne Farmer was named the winner on the season finale, September 20, 2017. She was the third ventriloquist, third child and third female to win a season of ""America's Got Talent"". 10-year-old singer Angelica Hale placed second, and glow light dance troupe Light Balance came in third. Farmer won the show's prize of $1 million and

the golden buzzer for 12-year-old singing ventriloquist Darci Lynne Farmer. In subsequent episodes, Simon Cowell pressed it for 29-year-old deaf singer-songwriter and ukeleleist, Mandy Harvey, Howie Mandel chose 16-year-old singer Christian Guardino, Tyra Banks pressed it for Light Balance dance crew, and Heidi Klum chose 13-year-old singer Angelina Green. On June 11, 2017, contestant Brandon Rogers died in an automobile accident. Rogers was an American physician who specialized in family medicine. Earlier in 2017, after seeing YouTube videos of Rogers singing, Boyz II Men invited him to sing with them as a guest in three of their Las Vegas shows.

"America's Got Talent"
Got Talent"" logo. On September 16, country music singer Kevin Skinner was named the season's winner. The grand prize was $1 million and a 10-week headline show at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The runner-up was Bárbara Padilla, an opera singer. For season five, the network had considered moving the show to the fall, after rival series ""So You Think You Can Dance"" transferred from the summer to fall season in 2009. NBC ultimately decided to keep ""Talent"" a summer show. Open auditions were held in the winter to early spring of 2010 in

"America's Got Talent (season 6)"
America's Got Talent (season 6) Season six of ""America's Got Talent"", a reality television series, premiered on May 31, 2011, on NBC. The show was hosted by Nick Cannon, while Piers Morgan, Sharon Osbourne and Howie Mandel returned as judges. On September 14, 2011, Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. was announced as the winner of season six. This season was the last with Morgan as a judge, as he did not return for season 7, where Howard Stern replaced him. Televised auditions for season six were held in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Houston, Seattle, Minneapolis, and New York City. Non-televised producers' auditions

season six took place over two nights. The one-hour performance episode aired on September 13, 2011, and featured a performance from season two winner Terry Fator. The two-hour finale aired on September 14, 2011, featuring special performances from many guest performers, including Def Leppard, OneRepublic, a duet with Tony Bennett and Queen Latifah, the cast of Cirque du Soleil's ""Iris"", and season five runner-up Jackie Evancho. It also included celebrity-contestant duet performances. Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. performed with Patti Labelle, Team iLuminate with Cobra Starship, the Silhouettes with LeAnn Rimes, and POPLYFE with Stevie Wonder. The performance show was watched

song from Lou Reed, and Boyle was pulled from the episode at the last minute. The Finals aired on Wednesday, May 25, 2011 at 10:00pm, 1 hour. The season finale aired on Wednesday, May 25, 2011 at 11:00pm, 2 hours and featured performances from Usher, the Goo Goo Dolls, the cast members of Cirque du Soleil, David Copperfield, and a surprise performance from T-Pain. Finalists performed with their favorite singers: Prince Poppycock sang a duet with Donna Summer, Michael Grimm with Jewel, Jackie Evancho with Sarah Brightman and Fighting Gravity performed with Lionel Richie joining in singing. The following is

Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, Orlando, and Portland (Oregon). Non-televised producers' auditions were also held in Atlanta and Philadelphia. For the first time, online auditions were also held via YouTube. David Hasselhoff left to host a new television show and was replaced by comedian and game show host Howie Mandel. This made Piers Morgan the only original judge left in the show. The show premiered Tuesday, June 1, 2010, at 8 pm ET. Afterward, ""Talent"" resumed the same time slot as the previous season. On September 15, singer Michael Grimm was named the winner. He won a $1 million

Celsius
Celsius The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries except the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale or a unit to indicate a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was

Celsius
to variations in barometric pressure. For example, an altitude change of only 28 cm (11 in) causes the boiling point to change by one millikelvin. Celsius The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries except the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale

Celsius
called ""centigrade"", from the Latin ""centum"", which means 100, and ""gradus"", which means steps. From 1743 to 1954, the Celsius scale was based on 0 °C for the freezing point of water and 100 °C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure. Prior to 1743, the scale was also based on the boiling and melting points of water, but the values were reversed (i.e. the boiling point was at 0 degrees and the melting point was at 100 degrees). The 1743 scale reversal was proposed by Jean-Pierre Christin. By international agreement, since 1954 the unit and the

Celsius
(1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as ""Celsius"": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. In his paper ""Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer"", he recounted his experiments showing that the melting point of ice is essentially unaffected by pressure. He also determined with remarkable precision how the boiling point of water varied as a function of atmospheric pressure. He proposed that the zero point of his temperature scale, being the boiling point, would be calibrated at the mean barometric pressure at

Celsius
whom Linnaeus had been corresponding; Daniel Ekström, the instrument maker; and Mårten Strömer (1707–1770) who had studied astronomy under Anders Celsius. The first known Swedish document reporting temperatures in this modern ""forward"" Celsius scale is the paper ""Hortus Upsaliensis"" dated 16 December 1745 that Linnaeus wrote to a student of his, Samuel Nauclér. In it, Linnaeus recounted the temperatures inside the orangery at the University of Uppsala Botanical Garden: Since the 19th century, the scientific and thermometry communities worldwide have used the phrase ""centigrade scale"". Temperatures on the centigrade scale were often reported simply as ""degrees"" or, when greater specificity

Celsius
mean sea level. This pressure is known as one standard atmosphere. The BIPM's 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) later defined one standard atmosphere to equal precisely 1,013,250 dynes per square centimetre (101.325 kPa). In 1743, the Lyonnais physicist Jean-Pierre Christin, permanent secretary of the ""Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Lyon"", working independently of Celsius, developed a scale where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water. On 19 May 1743 he published the design of a mercury thermometer, the ""Thermometer of Lyon"" built by the craftsman Pierre Casati

Celsius
unit for temperature, the kelvin, became the proper name in 1967 replacing the term ""degrees Kelvin"". The plural form is ""degrees Celsius"". The general rule of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is that the numerical value always precedes the unit, and a space is always used to separate the unit from the number, (not """" or """"). The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle (°, ′, and ″, respectively), for which no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol. Other languages,

Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by Dutch–German–Polish physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736). It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. Several accounts of how he originally defined his scale exist. The lower defining point, 0 °F, was established as the temperature of a solution of brine made from equal parts of ice, water and salt (ammonium chloride). Further limits were established as the melting point of ice (32 °F) and his best estimate of the average human body temperature (96 °F, about 2.6 °F less than the modern value

Celsius
formally adopted ""degree Celsius"" in 1948, formally keeping the recognized degree symbol, rather than adopting the gradian/centesimal degree symbol. For scientific use, ""Celsius"" is the term usually used, with ""centigrade"" remaining in common but decreasing use, especially in informal contexts in English-speaking countries. It was not until February 1985 that the weather forecasts issued by the BBC switched from ""centigrade"" to ""Celsius"". Some key temperatures relating the Celsius scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below. The ""degree Celsius"" has been the only SI unit whose full unit name contains an uppercase letter since the SI base

Celsius
Celsius scale are defined by absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), a specially purified water. This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, is defined as being exactly 0 K and −273.15 °C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as exactly . This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius

"Olympic emblem"
subcategories of these themes include: ""youthful spirit, unity, excellence, achievement, inspiration, sustainability, celebration, and optimism"". The official Olympic emblem for the 2018 Winter Olympics was launched in May 2013 at a gala ceremony held simultaneously in PyeongChang and in Seoul. The shapes that form the logo stem from the first consonants of each syllable in the word “PyeongChang” when it is written in Hangul, the first character in the emblem also represents a gathering place where the three elements of Korea’s traditional humanism – heaven, earth, and human – are in harmony. The second character symbolises snow and ice, as

official mascots of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 2 June 2016. The Olympic mascot, Soohorang (Korean: 수호랑), is a white tiger. The mascot's name is a portmanteau of ""Sooho"", a Korean word for ""protection"", and ""Rang"" which is derived both from the Korean word for ""tiger"" and from the name of a traditional Korean folk song originating from Gangwon Province. Tigers have a strong association with Korean culture and folklore. In June 2017, Ubisoft announced that it would release an expansion pack for its winter sports video game ""Steep"" entitled ""Road to the Olympics"", which features

"Soohorang and Bandabi"
difficult for the Tokyo 2020 mascots to match the popularity of Soohorang and Bandabi. Soohorang and Bandabi Soohorang () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Olympics, and Bandabi () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Both events were held in Pyeongchang, Gangwon, South Korea. Soohorang is a white tiger and Bandabi is an Asiatic black bear. The mascots were selected through a national tender process held in 2014 and were approved of by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on June 2, 2016. On June 27, 2014, the Pyeongchang Organizing Committee notified the public of their

"2018 Winter Paralympics"
which symbolizes part of the name ""Pyeongchang"" and resembles ice crystals. The Paralympic emblem features two of these letters joined together, symbolizing equality and a ""grand"" festival welcoming international athletes and spectators. The official mascots of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 2 June 2016. The Paralympic mascot, Bandabi, is an Asian black bear that symbolizes ""strong will and courage"". To attract interest from residents and foreign tourists, the Korea Tourism Organization organized ""Snow Festival"", a ""Hallyu festival"", to serve as cultural programming for the Paralympics. Actors Jang Keun-suk and Lee Dong-wook purchased 2,018 and 1,000 tickets

it was created by Asao Tokolo. The emblem of the 2022 Winter Olympics was unveiled on December 15, 2017. The emblem is named ""Winter Dream"". It is inspired by a chinese character ""冬"" (Winter) with the ribbon motif, representing and traditional and modern chinese culture. On the upper part iis the skater and the lower part is the skier. It also combines with the colors of the olympic and chinese flags. The emblem was created by Chinese artist Lin Cunzhen. Cunzhen works as an associated professor at China Central Academy of Fine Arts, and she also created the paralympic emblem,

30, 2014. On June 2, 2016, the International Olympic Committee approved the mascots for the games. Soohorang is the mascot of the 2018 Winter Olympics. ""Sooho"" means ""protection"" in Korean, symbolizing the protection offered to the athletes, participants and spectators at the Winter Olympics, as well as preserving the world peace that is the spirit of the Olympic Games. ""Rang"" derives from ""Ho-rang-i"", the Korean word for ""tiger""; it is also the last letter of ""Jeongseon Arirang"", a cherished traditional Korean folk song of Gangwon Province. Soohorang took its motif from the white tiger, known as ""baekho"" in Korean, which

Soohorang and Bandabi Soohorang () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Olympics, and Bandabi () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Both events were held in Pyeongchang, Gangwon, South Korea. Soohorang is a white tiger and Bandabi is an Asiatic black bear. The mascots were selected through a national tender process held in 2014 and were approved of by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on June 2, 2016. On June 27, 2014, the Pyeongchang Organizing Committee notified the public of their mascot selection contest. The selection process took place from September 15, 2014 to September

"Miraitowa and Someity"
with the most votes were subjected to a trademark verification process before they became official. The names of the mascots, Miraitowa and Someity, were announced when the mascots made their formal debut at a press event on 22 July 2018. Miraitowa, the Olympic mascot, is a figure with blue-checkered patterns inspired by the the Games' official logo. It is intended to embody ""both old tradition and new innovation"". The character has a ""strong sense of justice"" and is described as ""very athletic"". It has the ability to teleport anywhere instantly. Miraitowa is named after the Japanese words ""mirai"" (future) and

Alibaba could not promote Alipay due to Visa Inc. sponsorship rights; and Intel could not promote end-user applications of 5G due to national sponsorship rights held by KT Corporation. In 2015, Japanese automaker Toyota became the first-ever Worldwide Olympic Partner in the ""Mobility"" category, beginning 2017. However, Toyota elected to waive its domestic sponsorship rights for these Games to Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors, citing their near-dominance of the South Korean automobile industry, as well as their support of the Pyeongchang bid. As a result, Toyota did not perform any Olympic-related marketing in South Korea, the fleet of official

"Walk the Line"
to earn $119.5 million in North America and $66.9 million in the rest of the world for a total of $186.4 million, well above its $28 million budget, making it a box office success. It was the all-time highest grossing music biopic until ""Straight Outta Compton"" surpassed it in 2015. Critics generally responded with positive reviews, garnering an 82% on Rotten Tomatoes. The two lead performances received rave reviews, particularly Witherspoon's, whose performance is described by critics as her best work to date. Roger Ebert praised Witherspoon for her ""boundless energy"" and predicted her to win the Academy Award for

was nominated for five Oscars at the 78th Academy Awards, including Best Actor (Phoenix), Best Actress (Witherspoon, which she won), and Best Costume Design (Arianne Phillips). The film grossed more than $186 million worldwide. In 1968, as an audience of inmates at Folsom State Prison cheer for Johnny Cash's band, he waits backstage near a table saw, reminding him of his early life. In 1944, Johnny, then known as J.R., is raised on a cotton farm in Dyess, Arkansas with his brother Jack, father Ray, and mother Carrie. J.R. is known for his singing of hymns, while his brother Jack

received a Grammy at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Pictures, Television or Other Visual Media. Walk the Line Walk the Line is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by James Mangold. The screenplay, written by Mangold and Gill Dennis, is based on two autobiographies authored by singer-songwriter Johnny Cash—"""" and """". The film follows Cash's early life, his romance with June Carter, and his ascent to the country music scene. It stars Joaquin Phoenix as Cash, Reese Witherspoon as Carter, Ginnifer Goodwin as Vivian Liberto, and Robert Patrick as Cash's father. ""Walk

Walk the Line Walk the Line is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by James Mangold. The screenplay, written by Mangold and Gill Dennis, is based on two autobiographies authored by singer-songwriter Johnny Cash—"""" and """". The film follows Cash's early life, his romance with June Carter, and his ascent to the country music scene. It stars Joaquin Phoenix as Cash, Reese Witherspoon as Carter, Ginnifer Goodwin as Vivian Liberto, and Robert Patrick as Cash's father. ""Walk the Line"" previewed at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4, 2005, and went into wide release on November 18. The film

The feature on disc one is 17 minutes longer than the theatrical release, and disc two features eight extended musical sequences with introductions and documentaries about the making of the film. The film has been released on Blu-ray Disc in France, Sweden and the UK in the form of its extended cut. The American Blu-ray features the shorter theatrical cut. Wind-up Records released the soundtrack in November 2005. It featured nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix, four songs by Reese Witherspoon, two songs by Tyler Hilton, and one song each by Waylon Payne, Johnathan Rice, and Shooter Jennings. The album

"I Walk the Line (film)"
I Walk the Line (film) I Walk the Line is a 1970 American Drama film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Gregory Peck and Tuesday Weld. It tells the story of Sheriff Henry Tawes (Peck) who develops a relationship with a girl in town Alma McCain (Weld). The screenplay, written by Alvin Sargent, is an adaptation of Madison Jones' novel ""An Exile"". The ""I Walk the Line"" soundtrack is by Johnny Cash; it features his 1956 hit song of the same name. Henry Tawes is an aging sheriff in small-town of Gainesboro, Tennessee, who is becoming bored with his wife

June accepts and they share a passionate embrace on stage. The film has its origins in a 1993 episode of ""Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman""., That year, Cash was a guest star on the show, where he and June Carter became friends with Jane Seymour, the star of the show, and Seymour's husband James Keach who was directing the episode. By the mid-1990s, Cash had asked Keach to make a film of his life; he and Seymour began the process with a series of interviews. In 1997, the interviews had been the basis of a screenplay written by Gill Dennis, with

with enough material for a soundtrack album. One of the songs, ""Flesh and Blood,"" even became a number one country hit in 1971. The soundtrack featured three songs not heard in the film (""This Town"", ""Face of Despair"" and ""The World's gonna Fall On You""). I Walk the Line (film) I Walk the Line is a 1970 American Drama film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Gregory Peck and Tuesday Weld. It tells the story of Sheriff Henry Tawes (Peck) who develops a relationship with a girl in town Alma McCain (Weld). The screenplay, written by Alvin Sargent, is an

startling mastery of country music's narrative musicianship"". In his review for ""Sight and Sound"", Mark Kermode wrote, ""Standing ovations, too, for Witherspoon, who has perhaps the tougher task of lending depth and darkness to the role of June, whose frighteningly chipper stage act - a musical-comedy hybrid - constantly courts (but never marries) mockery"". Some critics found the film too constrained by Hollywood plot formulas of love and loss, ignoring the last twenty years of Cash's life and other more socio-politically controversial reasons he was considered ""the man in black"". Rosanne Cash was critical of the film. She was upset

input from Keach; two years later, still lacking any studio interest, Keach contacted James Mangold, who had been ""angling to become involved in the project for two years."" Mangold and his wife, producer Cathy Konrad, developed the script for Sony, and by 2001, they had a script they thought they could pitch to a studio. Sony and others turned it down, but Fox 2000 agreed to make the film. The film was in part based on two autobiographies, both of which were optioned: """" (1975) and """" (1997), though the film ""burrows deep into painful territory that Mr. Cash barely

"Shelter from the Storm"
2006. Pakistan's Sachal Jazz Ensemble, with guest Becca Stevens, recorded the song with sitar and other traditional instruments for their album ""Song of Lahore"" (Universal, 2016). Shelter from the Storm ""Shelter from the Storm"" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded on September 17, 1974, and released on his 15th studio album, ""Blood on the Tracks"", in 1975. The first take of the song, from the same recording session that produced the album track, was released on the soundtrack to the 1996 motion picture ""Jerry Maguire"". The same take was also featured on ""The Best of Bob Dylan"" the following

Shelter from the Storm ""Shelter from the Storm"" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded on September 17, 1974, and released on his 15th studio album, ""Blood on the Tracks"", in 1975. The first take of the song, from the same recording session that produced the album track, was released on the soundtrack to the 1996 motion picture ""Jerry Maguire"". The same take was also featured on ""The Best of Bob Dylan"" the following year. The complete recording session of ""Shelter from the Storm"" was released in 2018 on the deluxe edition of """", with Take 2 included on its

"Angel Band (song)"
was originally titled ""The Land of Beulah."" ""Angel Band"" became widely known in the 19th century, both in folk traditions and in published form, e.g. William Walker's Christian Harmony of 1866, and has been recorded by many artists, probably most famously by the Stanley Brothers, Emmylou Harris, and by the Monkees. The Stanley Brothers version is included on the ""O Brother, Where Art Thou?"" soundtrack album (2000). Angel Band (song) ""Angel Band"" is an American gospel music song. The lyrics – a poem written in common metre – were originally titled ""My Latest Sun Is Sinking Fast,"" and were written

"Shelter (Porter Robinson and Madeon song)"
Shelter (Porter Robinson and Madeon song) ""Shelter"" is a song by American DJ and record producer Porter Robinson and French DJ and record producer Madeon. Prior to beginning their professional music careers, Porter Robinson and Madeon met for the first time in a music production Internet forum when they were 14 and 12 years old, respectively. Recalling their past together, Robinson stated that at the time they met, ""Neither of us had even a whimper of a music career obviously, and we were kind of rivals. We were both the young kids who were making music on that forum, and

"Brother Jukebox"
Brother Jukebox ""Brother Jukebox"" is a song written by Paul Craft. It was originally recorded by Don Everly, one-half of The Everly Brothers, in 1977 and reached number 96 on the country singles charts. It was later covered by Keith Whitley on ""I Wonder Do You Think of Me"" and by Mark Chesnutt on his 1990 debut album ""Too Cold at Home"". Released in November 1990 as the album's second single, it became his first Number One country hit in the United States. It was also recorded by John Starling on his 1977 album ""Long Time Gone"". The song's narrator

"No Refuge"
chart, compiled by Billboard. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. No Refuge No Refuge is the second studio album by singer Eddie Schwartz. It was released in late 1981 by A&M Records in Canada, and appeared on Atco in the US in early 1982. Lead single ""All Our Tomorrows"" reached #32 in Canada, and #28 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and was also a significant hit on the adult contemporary charts. The followup single ""Over the Line"" was also a top 40 hit in Canada, peaking at #38, but didn't fare as well in the U.S., reaching

No Refuge No Refuge is the second studio album by singer Eddie Schwartz. It was released in late 1981 by A&M Records in Canada, and appeared on Atco in the US in early 1982. Lead single ""All Our Tomorrows"" reached #32 in Canada, and #28 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and was also a significant hit on the adult contemporary charts. The followup single ""Over the Line"" was also a top 40 hit in Canada, peaking at #38, but didn't fare as well in the U.S., reaching #91. The single ""No Refuge"" hit #40 in the U.S. Rock Tracks

"Buddy Jewell"
Buddy Jewell Buddy Jewell Jr. (born April 2, 1961) is an American country music singer who was the first winner on the USA Network talent show ""Nashville Star"". Signed to Columbia Records in 2003, Jewell made his debut on the American country music scene with the release of his self-titled album, which produced the singles ""Help Pour Out the Rain (Lacey's Song)"" and ""Sweet Southern Comfort"". Another album, ""Times Like These"", followed in 2005. Buddy Jewell was born in Lepanto, Arkansas on April 2, 1961. He began playing guitar after buying one from a schoolmate during childhood, and saved the

"Brother Joe May"
Angeles in 1949 was signed by talent scout J. W. Alexander to Specialty Records. His first record, ""Search Me Lord"", became a gospel hit, and was estimated to have sold over one million copies though without reaching any of the published record charts of the day. His follow-up record, ""Do You Know Him?"" in 1950, was equally successful, and May became a full-time musician, touring nationally with gospel groups such as the Soul Stirrers and the Pilgrim Travelers. He also sang duets with Willie Mae Ford Smith, and usually performed in a distinctive long white robe with a rope cross.

"Jaclyn Betham"
Jaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at age 15. Betham went on to perform with Ballet San Jose, Anaheim Ballet, Opera San Jose,

""The Haves and the Have Nots"". In 2012, Betham married actor and musician Lane Toran Caudell. Jaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at

"Tika Sumpter"
Jamie Lee Curtis in ""An Acceptable Loss"", a political thriller written and directed by Joe Chappelle, and opposite Tiffany Haddish in the comedy-drama film ""Nobody's Fool"" for Paramount Players. Sumpter also is developing drama series ""Trader"" for HBO as executive producer and intended to star. On October 8, 2016, Sumpter gave birth to a girl she named Ella-Loren. In January 2017, Sumpter announced that she is engaged to ""The Haves and the Have Nots"" co-star, Nicholas James. Tika Sumpter Tika Sumpter (born Euphemia LatiQue Sumpter; June 20, 1980) is an American actress, producer, television host, and model. Sumpter began her

"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)"
the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on

"1984 Republican National Convention"
B. Johnson in 1964 to run without serious opposition in the primary. The keynote address on August 20 was delivered by Katherine Ortega, Treasurer of the United States. Other speakers included Elizabeth Dole, United States Secretary of Transportation; Jeane Kirkpatrick, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (who delivered her now-famous ""Blame America First"" speech ); and Representative Jack Kemp of Buffalo, New York. The convention also included a valedictory address by retiring U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Goldwater was widely credited as the political founder of the New Right in the United States, of which Reagan was the political

"1984 Democratic National Convention"
Chairman at the time, Charles T. Manatt, led the convention. Walter Mondale was nominated for President and Geraldine Ferraro was nominated for Vice President. New York Governor Mario Cuomo gave a well-received keynote speech. Mondale's major rivals for the presidential nomination, Senator Gary Hart and Rev. Jesse Jackson, also gave speeches. Jackson's speech referred to the nation as a ""quilt"" with places for ""[t]he white, the Hispanic, the black, the Arab, the Jew, the woman, the Native American, the small farmer, the business person, the environmentalist, the peace activist, the young, the old, the lesbian, the gay, and the disabled"".

"1980 Democratic National Convention"
by Carter. After losing his challenge for the nomination earlier that day, Kennedy spoke on August 12 and delivered a speech in support of President Carter and the Democratic Party. His speech closed with the lines ""For me, a few hours ago, this campaign came to an end. For all those whose cares have been our concern, the work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dream shall never die."" The speech was written by Bob Shrum. Various prominent delegates to this convention included Abe Beame, Geraldine Ferraro, Bruce Sundlun, Ruth Messinger, Thomas Addison, Ed Koch,

heir, and Reagan had gained notice for his ""A Time for Choosing"" speech supporting Goldwater in October 1964. Vice President George H.W. Bush gave a powerful address, some believing it debuted him as the de facto nominee of the GOP in 1988. President Reagan spoke after, and addressed the nation and the party on the future and highlighted the ""Morning in America"". Country singer Lee Greenwood was also featured, and sang ""God Bless the USA,"" which had been released earlier that year. Having run without opposition, President Reagan was nominated unanimously on the roll call vote. To save time, the

1980 Democratic National Convention The 1980 National Convention of the U.S. Democratic Party nominated President Jimmy Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale for reelection. The convention was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City from August 11 to August 14, 1980. The 1980 convention was notable as it was the last time in the 20th century, for either major party, that a candidate tried to get delegates released from their voting commitments. This was done by Massachusetts Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Carter's chief rival for the nomination in the Democratic primaries, who sought the votes of delegates held

"1976 Democratic National Convention"
1976 Democratic National Convention The 1976 Democratic National Convention met at Madison Square Garden in New York City, from July 12 to July 15, 1976. The assembled United States Democratic Party delegates at the convention nominated former Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia for President and Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota for Vice President. John Glenn and Barbara Jordan gave the keynote addresses. Jordan's keynote address made her the first African-American woman to deliver the keynote address at a Democratic National Convention. It was listed as #5 in American Rhetoric's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank). The

"1972 Republican National Convention"
protests. The monitoring of Lennon later concluded that he was not a dangerous revolutionary, being ""constantly under the influence of narcotics."" The U.S. Justice Department indicted Scott Camil, John Kniffen, Alton Foss, Donald Perdue, William Patterson, Stan Michelsen, Peter Mahoney and John Briggs—collectively known as the Gainesville Eight—on charges of conspiracy to disrupt the Convention. All were exonerated. Oliver Stone's film ""Born on the Fourth of July"", based on Ron Kovic's autobiography of the same name, depicts Kovic and fellow Vietnam Veterans Against the War activists Bobby Muller, Bill Wieman and Mark Clevinger being spat upon at the convention. The

"1992 Democratic National Convention"
keynote speaker was Georgia Governor Zell Miller who said, ""Not all of us can be born rich, handsome, and lucky, and that's why we have a Democratic Party"" and added, ""Our Commander in Chief talks like Dirty Harry but acts like Barney Fife."" Other notable speakers included Democratic National Committee Chair Ron Brown, Elizabeth Glaser, and New York Governor Mario Cuomo. The convention, organized by chairman Ron Brown, was seen as a great success. Unlike some earlier Democratic conventions, it had been well planned and run with few gaffes or errors, as even Republicans conceded. As Clinton finished his acceptance

security plan, various police response teams were mobilized consisting primarily of the Demonstration Management teams under the command of Captain Hawkins and the Presidential Hotel Response Teams, commanded by Lieutenant Stone, which were held in reserve on the eastern perimeter of downtown. Dozens of protesters were peacefully arrested including, Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade member Gregory Lee Johnson, who burned a U.S. flag, which had been stolen from a flagpole in front of a downtown building. Johnson was charged with Desecration of Venerated Object, a misdemeanor violation of the Texas Penal Code. He was later convicted and his conviction was upheld

"1968 Democratic National Convention"
that evening, America decided to vote for Richard Nixon. After Chicago, the Justice Department meted out charges of conspiracy and incitement to riot in connection with the violence at Chicago. This created the Chicago Eight, consisting of protesters Abbie Hoffman, Tom Hayden, David Dellinger, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Jerry Rubin, Lee Weiner, and Bobby Seale. Demonstrations were held daily during the trial, organized by the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, the Young Lords led by Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, and the local Black Panther Party led by Chairman Fred Hampton. In February 1970, five of the

"The Boss Baby"
was 10 when he began recording the voice. During the long process, his voice started to change and ""by the end it got pretty tough"", according to Bakshi, who was 14 when the film was released. He had to get his voice ""very soft, but when I got that perfect tone it was great."" The film was scored by Hans Zimmer, along with Steve Mazzaro and various artists. The film's soundtrack was released on Back Lot Music & iTunes. ""Blackbird"" by The Beatles is used as part of the plot at various points throughout the film. ""My House"" by Flo

Animation announced a sequel is set to be released on March 26, 2021, with Alec Baldwin reprising his role. On December 12, 2017, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix announced that an animated series based on the film, titled ""The Boss Baby: Back in Business"", would be planned for a 2018 release. Home Alone The Boss Baby The Boss Baby is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy buddy film loosely based on the 2010 picture book of the same name by Marla Frazee and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Directed by Tom McGrath and written by Michael McCullers, the film stars the voices

The Boss Baby The Boss Baby is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy buddy film loosely based on the 2010 picture book of the same name by Marla Frazee and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Directed by Tom McGrath and written by Michael McCullers, the film stars the voices of Alec Baldwin as the title character, along with Miles Bakshi, Steve Buscemi, Jimmy Kimmel, Lisa Kudrow, and Tobey Maguire. The plot follows a baby who is a secret agent in the war for adults' love between babies and puppies. ""The Boss Baby"" premiered at the Miami International Film Festival on March

12, 2017, and was released by 20th Century Fox on March 31, 2017. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $528 million worldwide against its $125 million budget. The film received Best Animated Feature nominations at both the Academy Awards and Golden Globes (losing both to ""Coco""). A sequel is scheduled to be released on March 26, 2021, while a Netflix TV series, """" premiered April 6, 2018. A man named Tim Templeton tells a story about his 7-year-old self and his parents, Ted and Janice. One day, Tim is surprised when an infant wearing a

"Right Now (Herbie Mann song)"
Pope. The Creatures' version of ""Right Now"" was later included on the band's 1997 compilation album ""A Bestiary Of"". It was also featured in the soundtrack of ""My Best Friend's Birthday"", an early work by film director Quentin Tarentino. ""Right Now"" was covered by American girl group the Pussycat Dolls for their debut studio album, ""PCD"" (2005). The Dolls used the arrangement that singer Siouxsie and her band the Creatures had brought to the version in 1983, including the introduction with the ""palala pam pam"" sung by the female singers, and the clicked fingers that marked the tempo. These arrangements

"Emergency on Planet Earth (song)"
Emergency on Planet Earth (song) ""Emergency on Planet Earth"" is the fourth and final single released from British funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai's debut studio album, ""of the same name"". The song was written by Jay Kay, and has a very environmentalist tone, urging the listener to ""stop modernisation going on."" The track peaked at #14 on the UK Singles Chart, and at #4 on the U.S. Dance Chart. A remix of the song, which uses a completely different bass track and intro, and includes some changes in the arrangements, was featured on the single, and in the music video for

"The World Is Yours (Ian Brown album)"
released as the album's first single, on 8 October 2007, and was a contentious track, dealing head-on with the political issues of the day. The opening notes of the song are plucked softly in arpeggios, which are juxtaposed with the confrontational opening line, ""What the fuck is this UK?"" The song then pulses with an ominous, grinding cello, and culminates with Ian Brown pleading earnestly for the return of British soldiers to their homeland: ""Soldiers, soldiers come home, Soldiers come home"", (lyrics which had previously been used in ""So Many Soldiers"" on ""Golden Greats"".) The single was described by NME

"You're a Big Boy Now (album)"
You're a Big Boy Now (album) You're a Big Boy Now is a soundtrack album by The Lovin' Spoonful, released in 1967, containing music from the Francis Ford Coppola film of the same name. Composed entirely by Spoonful member John Sebastian, it contains several songs performed by the band, as well as instrumental music from the film score. The album was re-released on CD along with ""What's Up, Tiger Lily?"", the Spoonful's soundtrack for the 1967 Woody Allen film. The songs ""Darling Be Home Soon"" and ""You're a Big Boy Now"" were released as singles on the Kama Sutra label.

The Pussycat Dolls' NBA version of ""Right Now"" was released by A&M Records/Interscope Records as a digital single on January 23, 2007. Right Now (Herbie Mann song) ""Right Now"" is an uptempo 1962 jazz/pop song with music by Herbie Mann and lyrics by Carl Sigman. As a jazz instrumental, it was the title track of ""Right Now"", a 1962 bossa nova-style album by Mann. Later that same year, with lyrics by Sigman, the song was popularized by jazz singer Mel Tormé on his album ""Comin' Home Baby!"", and was the B-side of the single featuring the title track. It was

Right Now (Herbie Mann song) ""Right Now"" is an uptempo 1962 jazz/pop song with music by Herbie Mann and lyrics by Carl Sigman. As a jazz instrumental, it was the title track of ""Right Now"", a 1962 bossa nova-style album by Mann. Later that same year, with lyrics by Sigman, the song was popularized by jazz singer Mel Tormé on his album ""Comin' Home Baby!"", and was the B-side of the single featuring the title track. It was later covered in a variety of pop styles, including recordings by Siouxsie Sioux and her second band the Creatures, who scored a

"Only Love Can Break Your Heart"
Only Love Can Break Your Heart ""Only Love Can Break Your Heart"" is a song written by Neil Young. It has been covered by many bands, including a 1990 single by Saint Etienne. The song is the third track on Neil Young's album ""After the Gold Rush"". The song was supposedly written for Graham Nash after Nash's split from Joni Mitchell, though Young in interviews has been somewhat tentative in admitting or remembering this. Released as a single in October 1970, it became Young's first top 40 hit as a solo artist, peaking at number 33 in the U.S. The

"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
Only Love Can Break a Heart ""Only Love Can Break a Heart"" is the title of a popular song from 1962, performed by the American singer-songwriter Gene Pitney. The song was written by Hal David (words) and Burt Bacharach (music) and appears on Pitney's second album ""Only Love Can Break a Heart"". Pitney had enjoyed some success as a songwriter prior to breaking through as a performer in his own right. He wrote the songs ""Hello Mary Lou"", ""Rubber Ball"", and ""He's a Rebel"", the latter a number-one ""Billboard"" Hot 100 hit for The Crystals in 1962. Ironically, Pitney's success

The original version is mostly in black and white and depicts Lucy from early 90s pop trio Golden miming the vocals (Lambert refused to appear in the video). The second features Cracknell miming to Lambert's vocals and depicts the band entering a cinema in a small French town where they see themselves in a movie. Only Love Can Break Your Heart ""Only Love Can Break Your Heart"" is a song written by Neil Young. It has been covered by many bands, including a 1990 single by Saint Etienne. The song is the third track on Neil Young's album ""After the

version peaked at No. 2 in March 1972, held out of the top by Freddie Hart's ""My Hang-Up Is You."" As a result, ""Only Love ..."" just missed continuing James' record-breaking streak of consecutive number-one singles, which had reached 16. Dale's version of the song reached number seven on the Hot Country Singles chart in 1979 and it was his biggest hit on the country charts. Margaret Whiting charted with the song in 1967. Whiting's version reached No. 96 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and No. 4 on ""Billboard""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Easy Listening chart. Bobby Vinton released the song in 1977, and

single was issued with a Crazy Horse version of ""Birds"" (rather than the solo piano version of the album) on the B-side, apparently accidentally. The song is praised as a ""seemingly simple song which display[s] considerable attention to detail in the deployment of instruments."" In 1990, English band Saint Etienne recorded a cover version of the song, included on their debut album ""Foxbase Alpha"". The vocals are by Moira Lambert, as Sarah Cracknell had not yet joined the band as a permanent member. The band recorded the song in producer Ian Catt's bedroom studio in Pollards Hill. The recording, made

it reached No. 99 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, while reaching No. 46 on ""Billboard""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Easy Listening chart, and No. 50 on the ""RPM"" ""Adult Oriented Playlist"" in Canada. Vinton's version appears on his album ""The Name Is Love"". Dionne Warwick released her version of the song as a single in 1977, but it only reached No. 9 on the ""Bubbling Under"" portion of the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. In 1999, Glen Campbell recorded the song on his album ""My Hits and Love Songs"". Only Love Can Break a Heart ""Only Love Can Break a Heart"" is the title of a

in under two hours, got them a record deal, their first single, and their first hit. Andrew Weatherall later remixed the song, further emphasising its dub bassline: this remix, subtitled ""A Mix of Two Halves"" (duration 8:49), was featured on both releases of the single and on the compilation ""Casino Classics"". The U.S. and European releases contained a different extended mix by Flowered Up (duration 6:19), issued in the UK only on a flexidisc, though it was mistakenly listed as the ""Mix of Two Halves"". Weatherall had no involvement with this mix. The song was re-released in the UK as

as a singer was beginning at this time, and ""He's a Rebel"" kept ""Only Love Can Break a Heart"" from topping the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, where it spent one week at No. 2. The song also spent two weeks at No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Easy Listening chart in October and November 1962, while reaching No. 2 on New Zealand's ""Lever Hit Parade"". Country music singers Sonny James and Kenny Dale also recorded cover versions of ""Only Love Can Break a Heart"". Both versions reached the Top 10 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart during the 1970s. James'

"A Thousand Years (Christina Perri song)"
A Thousand Years (Christina Perri song) ""A Thousand Years"" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Christina Perri, and written by Perri and David Hodges, from the album """" (2011). The song was released as a digital download on October 18, 2011 worldwide, and serves as the second single from the album. Perri re-recorded the song with vocals from Steve Kazee for """" titled """". ""A Thousand Years"" is originally in the key of B major, with a tempo of 55 beats per minute based around a chord progression of B–F/A–Gm–F–E-F and with a vocal range of F

11. A Thousand Years (Christina Perri song) ""A Thousand Years"" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Christina Perri, and written by Perri and David Hodges, from the album """" (2011). The song was released as a digital download on October 18, 2011 worldwide, and serves as the second single from the album. Perri re-recorded the song with vocals from Steve Kazee for """" titled """". ""A Thousand Years"" is originally in the key of B major, with a tempo of 55 beats per minute based around a chord progression of B–F/A–Gm–F–E-F and with a vocal range of

"One Year of Love (song)"
One Year of Love (song) One Year of Love is a song by the British rock band Queen which was originally released on their twelfth studio album ""A Kind of Magic"" in 1986. The song was written by John Deacon and sung by Freddie Mercury for the film ""Highlander""; it plays on a radio during the bar scene. The album version features John Deacon playing Yamaha DX-7 synth and a string orchestra conducted by Lynton Naiff. The saxophone is played by Steve Gregory, a session musician who had previously performed on George Michael's 1984 number one ""Careless Whisper"". The song

"Forever (Tina Cousins song)"
the corrected chart the single reached a higher peak of number 38. Forever (Tina Cousins song) ""Forever"" is a song written by Mark Topham and Karl Twigg, and recorded by British singer Tina Cousins. It was released in July 1999 as the third single from her debut album ""Killing Time"". In Australia, it was coupled with ""Killin' Time"" and became a top twenty hit, reaching Gold sales. The single was originally announced as reaching number 45 in the UK Singles Chart. However, a technical error at the time meant sales from two major British music stores (Virgin Megastores and Our

Forever (Tina Cousins song) ""Forever"" is a song written by Mark Topham and Karl Twigg, and recorded by British singer Tina Cousins. It was released in July 1999 as the third single from her debut album ""Killing Time"". In Australia, it was coupled with ""Killin' Time"" and became a top twenty hit, reaching Gold sales. The single was originally announced as reaching number 45 in the UK Singles Chart. However, a technical error at the time meant sales from two major British music stores (Virgin Megastores and Our Price) were not counted, causing a new chart to be compiled. On

"Foreplay/Long Time"
Foreplay/Long Time ""Foreplay/Long Time"" is a song written by Tom Scholz and first performed by the rock band Boston on the band's eponymous debut album, and as their second single, on Epic Records in 1976. It combines an instrumental introduction, ""Foreplay"", to the main song ""Long Time"", generally played as one on the radio and listed as one track on the album. ""Long Time"" peaked at No. 22 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 the week ending March 5, 1977. It reached the Top 10 in Canada, peaking at No. 9. The standalone ""Foreplay"" was released as the B-side of Boston's

"It's Been a Long, Long Time"
Time"" that charted in 1945 were recorded by Charlie Spivak & His Orchestra with vocal by Irene Daye and Stan Kenton & His Orchestra with vocal by June Christy. Les Paul recalled in an interview for ""Mojo"" magazine, ""Bing was a sucker for guitar and that particular song was a case of you don't have to play a lot of notes, you just have to play the right notes."" The song became a pop standard versions recorded by The DeMarco Sisters (1945), June Haver and Dan Dailey (1950), Perry Como (1956), Al Hibbler (1956), Peggy Lee (1959), Keely Smith (1959),

were written by Sammy Cahn. A recording by Harry James with vocals by Kitty Kallen reached No. 1 ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart on November 24, 1945. A version by Bing Crosby (recorded on July 12, 1945) accompanied by the Les Paul Trio was also working its way up the charts. It replaced James's version at No. 1 on December 8, 1945. Crosby's version lasted a week at No. 1, then was ousted by Sammy Kaye's ""Chickery Chick."" The Harry James recording returned to the top spot on December 22 for another week. Other recordings of ""It's Been a Long, Long

"Long, Long Time"
Long, Long Time ""Long, Long Time"" is a song written by Gary White. The song was a hit for Linda Ronstadt in 1970. In 1970, Linda Ronstadt released the song as a single and on the album ""Silk Purse"". The single spent 12 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 25, while reaching No. 15 on Canada's """"RPM"" 100"", No. 8 on Canada's CHUM 30 chart, and No. 20 on ""Billboard""s Easy Listening chart. In 1971, Linda Ronstadt was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Female Vocal Performance for her rendition of ""Long, Long Time"".

Time"" as part of her musical set. The Nancy Wade character was played by actress Jesse Welles. The episode aired on March 7, 1975. The song appears in the 2018 movie Hot Summer Nights. Long, Long Time ""Long, Long Time"" is a song written by Gary White. The song was a hit for Linda Ronstadt in 1970. In 1970, Linda Ronstadt released the song as a single and on the album ""Silk Purse"". The single spent 12 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 25, while reaching No. 15 on Canada's """"RPM"" 100"", No. 8 on Canada's

"Alzheimer's disease"
after him, in a fifty-year-old woman he called Auguste D. He followed her case until she died in 1906, when he first reported publicly on it. During the next five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the medical literature, some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease. The disease was first described as a distinctive disease by Emil Kraepelin after suppressing some of the clinical (delusions and hallucinations) and pathological features (arteriosclerotic changes) contained in the original report of Auguste D. He included ""Alzheimer's disease"", also named ""presenile"" dementia by Kraepelin, as a subtype of ""senile dementia"" in

"Alois Alzheimer"
Alois Alzheimer Aloysius Alzheimer (also known as Alois Alzheimer; ; ; June 14, 1864 – December 19, 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of ""presenile dementia"", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease. Aloysius Alzheimer was born in Marktbreit, Bavaria on June 14, 1864. His father served in the office of notary public in the family's hometown. The Alzheimers moved when Alois was still young in order to give their children an opportunity to attend the Royal Humanistic Gymnasium. Later, Alois studied medicine

leading specialist in histopathology in Europe. His colleagues knew him to be a dedicated professor and cigar smoker. Alois Alzheimer Aloysius Alzheimer (also known as Alois Alzheimer; ; ; June 14, 1864 – December 19, 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of ""presenile dementia"", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease. Aloysius Alzheimer was born in Marktbreit, Bavaria on June 14, 1864. His father served in the office of notary public in the family's hometown. The Alzheimers moved when Alois was still young

"Auguste Deter"
Auguste Deter Auguste Deter (; 16 May 1850 – 8 April 1906) was a German woman notable for being the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Her maiden name is unknown. She married Karl Deter in the 1880s and together they had one daughter. During the late 1890s, she started showing symptoms of dementia, such as loss of memory, delusions, and even temporary vegetative states. She would have trouble sleeping, drag sheets across the house, and scream for hours in the middle of the night. As a railway worker, Karl was unable to provide adequate care for his

"Early-onset Alzheimer's disease"
extremely rare. The majority of people with early-onset Alzheimer's are in their 50s or early 60s. The symptoms of the disease as a distinct nosologic entity were first identified by Emil Kraepelin, and the characteristic neuropathology was first observed by Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In this sense, the disease was co-discovered by Kraepelin and Alzheimer, who worked in Kraepelin's laboratory. Because of the overwhelming importance Kraepelin attached to finding the neuropathological basis of psychiatric disorders, Kraepelin made the decision that the disease would bear Alzheimer's name. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) or early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD) is an uncommon form

to dementia are often treated with antipsychotics, but this is not usually recommended, as there is little benefit with an increased risk of early death. In 2015, there were approximately 29.8 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4% to 5% of cases are early-onset Alzheimer's which begin before this. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. In 2015, dementia resulted in about 1.9 million deaths. It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In developed countries, AD

0.379% of people worldwide had dementia, and that the prevalence would increase to 0.441% in 2015 and to 0.556% in 2030. Other studies have reached similar conclusions. Another study estimated that in 2006, 0.40% of the world population (range 0.17–0.89%; absolute number , range ) were afflicted by AD, and that the prevalence rate would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by 2050. The ancient Greek and Roman philosophers and physicians associated old age with increasing dementia. It was not until 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease, named

a current-day doctor. In 1996, Dr. Konrad Maurer and his colleagues, Drs. Volk and Gerbaldo, rediscovered the medical records of Auguste Deter. In these documents, Dr. Alzheimer had recorded his examination of his patient, including her answers to his questions: Around midday, Frau Auguste D. ate pork and cauliflower. Auguste Deter Auguste Deter (; 16 May 1850 – 8 April 1906) was a German woman notable for being the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Her maiden name is unknown. She married Karl Deter in the 1880s and together they had one daughter. During the late 1890s, she

their ideas. In 1894, he married Cecilie Simonette Nathalie Geisenheimer, with whom he had three children. Cecilie died in 1901. In August 1912, Alzheimer fell ill on the train on his way to the University of Breslau, where he had been appointed professor of psychiatry in July 1912. Most probably he had a streptococcal infection and subsequent rheumatic fever leading to valvular heart disease, heart failure and kidney failure. He never recovered completely from this illness. He died of heart failure on December 19, 1915 at age 51, in Breslau, Silesia (present-day Wrocław, Poland). He was buried on December 23,

the eighth edition of his ""Textbook of Psychiatry"", published on 1910. For most of the 20th century, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of dementia. The terminology changed after 1977 when a conference on AD concluded that the clinical and pathological manifestations of presenile and senile dementia were almost identical, although the authors also added that this did not rule out the possibility that they had different causes. This eventually led to the diagnosis of ""Alzheimer's disease"" independent of age. The term ""senile dementia of the Alzheimer

Google
for Google was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of a friend (Susan Wojcicki) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. Google was initially funded by an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems; the money was given before Google was incorporated. Google received money from three other angel investors in 1998: Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton, and entrepreneur Ram Shriram. After some additional,

Google
Google Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in

"History of Google"
them from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. The first version of Google was released in August 1996 on the Stanford website. It used nearly half of Stanford's entire network bandwidth. Originally the search engine used Stanford's website with the domain ""google.stanford.edu"". The domain ""google.com"" was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, ""Google"", on September 4, 1998 in their friend Susan Wojcicki's garage in Menlo Park, California. Wojcicki

Inc., with Google as its leading subsidiary. Google continued to serve as the umbrella for Alphabet's Internet interests. The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998 in the form of a US$100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a corporation which did not yet exist. On June 7, 1999, a round of equity funding totalling $25 million was announced, the major investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. While Google still needed more funding for their further expansion, Brin and Page were hesitant to

History of Google The Google company was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine. Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as ""BackRub""in 1996. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies. The company launched Google

results. Google has engaged in partnerships with NASA, AOL, Sun Microsystems, News Corporation, Sky UK and others. The company set up a charitable offshoot, Google.org, in 2005. Google was involved in a 2006 legal dispute in the US over a court order to disclose URLs and search strings, and has been the subject of tax avoidance investigations in the UK. The name Google is a variant of googol, chosen to suggest very large numbers. Google began in 1998 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both PhD students at Stanford University. In the search of a dissertation

take the company public, despite their financial issues. They were not ready to give up control over Google. Following the closing of the $25 million financing round, Sequoia encouraged Brin and Page to hire a CEO. Brin and Page ultimately acquiesced and hired Eric Schmidt as Google's first CEO in March 2001. In October 2003, while discussing a possible initial public offering of shares (IPO), Microsoft approached the company about a possible partnership or merger. The deal never materialized. In January 2004, Google announced the hiring of Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group to arrange an IPO. The IPO was

Excite.com, and praised it for being more technologically innovative than the overloaded portal sites (like Yahoo!, Excite.com, Lycos, Netscape's Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com and MSN.com) which at that time, during the growing dot-com bubble, were seen as ""the future of the Web"", especially by stock market investors. In March 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 2003. The company has remained

up paying more, and UK tax officials were under investigation for what has been termed a ""sweetheart deal"" for Google. History of Google The Google company was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine. Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as ""BackRub""in 1996. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making

Google
small investments through the end of 1998 to early 1999, a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. Early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer. Vinod Khosla, one of Excite's venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place five

who is the longest serving chief minister in india as on jan 2015

"Jyoti Basu"
Jyoti Basu Jyotirindra Basu (8 July 1914 – 17 January 2010); known as Jyoti Basu was an Indian Marxist ideologue, theorist and statesman belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from West Bengal, India. He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal state from 1977 to 2000. Basu was a member of the CPI(M) Politburo from the time of the party's founding (The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964) in 1964 until 2008. From 2008 until his death in 2010 he

"Pawan Kumar Chamling"
series of major political upheavals in Sikkim, Chamling formed the Sikkim Democratic Front on 4 March 1993. Chamling is the second chief minister in India after Jyoti Basu, of West Bengal to govern a state five terms in a row, with his party Sikkim Democratic Front winning the 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly elections. His party first came to power in Sikkim after winning the 1994 assembly elections. His popularity kept soaring in Sikkim due to his developmental work and for maintaining peace. In 2009, his party Sikkim Democratic Front won all 32 assembly seats in

1977, Jyoti Basu became the Chief Minister of the Left Front government, a position he held continuously for a record more than 23 years, until broken by Pawan Kumar Chamling. Under his leadership, the Left Front government focused on land reforms in the state; it instituted a ""panchayati raj system"" giving poor peasants and small farmers a say in running the panchayati institutions. The land reforms gave farmers a say on their lands, the agricultural output increased although not as much as expected initially, due to the fact that everyone was a land owner with nobody to sell/supply to, just

"Tarun Gogoi"
Tarun Gogoi Tarun Gogoi () is an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Assam from 2001 to 2016. He is a member of the Indian National Congress and led the party to a record three consecutive electoral victories in Assam. He completed 15 consecutive years as Chief Minister of Assam on 18 May 2016. Gogoi was born on 11 October 1936 into an ethnic Assamese Tai-Ahom family at Rangajan Tea Estate, erstwhile Sivasagar District, now the Jorhat District of Assam. His father, Dr Kamaleshwar Gogoi was a medical practitioner at Rangajan Tea Estate and his mother, Usha

"Sunder Lal Patwa"
Sunder Lal Patwa Sunder Lal Patwa (11 November 1924 – 28 December 2016) was an Indian politician, who served as the 11th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and a cabinet minister in the Government of India. He was born in the village of Kukreshawar located between Manasa and Rampura in the Nimach District of Madhya Pradesh. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award, posthumously in 2017 by the Government of India. He was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh twice, from 20 January 1980 to 17 February 1980 as member of Janata Party and from 5 March 1990 to

"Arjun Munda"
schemes and programs that were later emulated by few other Indian states such as: Arjun Munda Arjun Munda (born 3 May 1968) is the Ex-Chief Minister of the Indian State of Jharkhand. He has also served as a member of parliament having been elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the prestigious Jamshedpur constituency in the 2009 parliamentary elections. BJP's central leadership also appointed him a National General Secretary of the party recognising his strong credentials as a popular mass leader and his significant contributions in strengthening the party in his state. An avid golfer Arjun Munda is also interested

Pawan Kumar Chamling Pawan Kumar Chamling (born 22 September 1950) is an Indian politician of Sikkimese descent and the fifth and incumbent Chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim. Chamling is the founder president of the Sikkim Democratic Front, which has governed the state for five successive terms since 1994. Chamling is currently the longest serving Chief Minister for any Indian State after independence. Prior to establishing the Sikkim Democratic Front, Chamling served as Minister for Industries, Information and Public Relations from 1989 to 1992 in the Nar Bahadur Bhandari cabinet. Chamling was born in Yangang, South Sikkim to

"Hemant Soren"
the lives of poor tribals in Jharkhand. I appeal to the rural residents of the state to not allow liquor outlets in their villages.” He added women organizations would have to come forward to launch a struggle against government’s liquor campaign. Hemant Soren is married to Kalpana and has two sons. He has a younger brother, Basant, and a sister, Anjali. He is ardent follower of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior and takes inspiration from his courage and valour. Hemant Soren Hemant Soren (born 10 August 1975) was the 5th Chief minister of Jharkhand, a state in Eastern

Arjun Munda Arjun Munda (born 3 May 1968) is the Ex-Chief Minister of the Indian State of Jharkhand. He has also served as a member of parliament having been elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the prestigious Jamshedpur constituency in the 2009 parliamentary elections. BJP's central leadership also appointed him a National General Secretary of the party recognising his strong credentials as a popular mass leader and his significant contributions in strengthening the party in his state. An avid golfer Arjun Munda is also interested in promoting archery at national and international levels. He plays flute and almost all

"North American Free Trade Agreement"
North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: ""Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte"", TLCAN; French: ""Accord de libre-échange nord-américain"", ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada, and is expected to be replaced by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement once it is ratifed. NAFTA has two supplements: the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) and the

"Trade agreement"
bigger area of the world. The largest multilateral trade agreement is the North American Free Trade Agreement between United States, Canada, and Mexico are the three countries involved in. These are between countries in a certain area. The most powerful ones include a few countries that are near each other in a geographical area. These countries usually have similar histories, demographics and even economic goals. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) January 1, 1989 was when it was put into effect, this is between United States, Canada, and Mexico this agreement was designed to get rid of tariff barriers between

2013 article by Jeff Faux published by the Economic Policy Institute, California, Texas, Michigan and other states with high concentrations of manufacturing jobs were most affected by job loss due to NAFTA. According to a 2011 article by EPI economist Robert Scott about 682,900 U.S. jobs were ""lost or displaced"" as a result of the trade agreement.<ref> North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: ""Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte"", TLCAN; French: ""Accord de libre-échange nord-américain"", ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade

North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC). Most economic analyses indicate that NAFTA has been beneficial to the North American economies and the average citizen, but harmed a small minority of workers in industries exposed to trade competition. Economists hold that withdrawing from NAFTA or renegotiating NAFTA in a way that reestablishes trade barriers will adversely affect the U.S. economy and cost jobs. However, Mexico would be much more severely affected by job loss and reduction of economic growth in both the short term and long term. On September 30, 2018, it was announced that the United States, Mexico, and

on November 20, 1993, 61–38. Senate supporters were 34 Republicans and 27 Democrats. Clinton signed it into law on December 8, 1993; the agreement went into effect on January 1, 1994. Clinton, while signing the NAFTA bill, stated that ""NAFTA means jobs. American jobs, and good-paying American jobs. If I didn't believe that, I wouldn't support this agreement."" NAFTA then replaced the previous Canada-US FTA. The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The implementation of NAFTA on January 1, 1994, brought the immediate elimination of tariffs on more than

trade agreements signed within the WTO framework. Agriculture is the only section that was not negotiated trilaterally; instead, three separate agreements were signed between each pair of parties. The Canada–U.S. agreement contains significant restrictions and tariff quotas on agricultural products (mainly sugar, dairy, and poultry products), whereas the Mexico–U.S. pact allows for a wider liberalization within a framework of phase-out periods (it was the first North–South FTA on agriculture to be signed). NAFTA established the CANAMEX Corridor for road transport between Canada and Mexico, also proposed for use by rail, pipeline, and fiber optic telecommunications infrastructure. This became a High

"Latin American Free Trade Association"
Latin American Free Trade Association The Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA, (later transformed into the Latin American Integration Association , ) was created in 1960 in the 1960 Treaty of Montevideo by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. The signatories hoped to create a market in Latin America and offered tariff rebates among member nations. In 1980, LAFTA reorganized into the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) which now has 13 members: Argentine Republic, Republic of Bolivia, Federative Republic of Brazil, Republic of Chile, Republic of Colombia, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Ecuador, United Mexican States, Republic of

"Cross-national cooperation and agreements"
is designed to eliminate tariff barriers and liberalize investment opportunities and trade in services. NAFTA includes Canada, Mexico, and the United States, where went into effect in 1994. The United States and Canada historically have had various forms of mutual economic cooperation. They signed the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement effective January 1, 1989, which eliminated all tariffs on bilateral trade by January 1, 1998. In February 1991, Mexico approached the United States to establish a free trade agreement. The formal negotiations that began in June 1991 included Canada. The resulting North American Free Trade Agreement became effective on January

LAFTA expanded to include four more Latin American nations which were Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. It now consisted of eleven nations. In 1980, LAFTA reorganized into the Latin American Integration Association (Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración, ALADI) The membership of ALADI had remained unchanged until Cuba joined in 1999. The goal of the LAFTA is the creation of a free trade zone in Latin America. It should foster mutual regional trade among the member states, as well as with the U.S. and the European Union. To achieve these goals, several institutions are foreseen: The LAFTA agreement has important limitations: it

"Free Trade Area of the Americas"
Free Trade Area of the Americas The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA; , ALCA; , ZLÉA; , ALCA; ) was a proposed agreement to eliminate or reduce the trade barriers among all countries in the Americas, excluding Cuba. In the latest round of negotiations, trade ministers from 34 countries met in Miami, Florida, in the United States, in November 2003 to discuss the proposal. The proposed agreement was an extension of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Opposing the proposal were Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Dominica, and Nicaragua (all of

"Delhi Republic Day parade"
erstwhile Yugoslavia). France has the distinction of being the guest of honour for the maximum (five) number of times followed by four visits from Bhutan and three visits each from Mauritius and USSR/Russia. In 2015, the US President Barack Obama was the Chief Guest at Republic Day celebrations, followed by French president François Hollande during the 2016 Republic Day parade. In 2017, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan from the United Arab Emirates was the Chief Guest of the parade. In 2016, French Army soldiers and French Army Band took part in the 67th Republic Day parade. This marked

"Republic Day (India)"
the Republic Day. The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage. Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi organised by the Ministry of Defence. Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting three days.

Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like ""Abide With Me"", Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and ""Saare Jahan Se Achcha"" at the end. Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. During 1950–1954, Republic Day celebrations were organised at different venues

Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the ""Amar Jawan Jyoti"", a memorial to fallen soldiers at the India Gate at one end of Rajpath, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. It is a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of their country. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Rajpath to join other dignitaries, subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They

"Constitution Day (India)"
A special committee chaired by Prime Minister of India was announced for year-long celebrations. Various programmes will be held by various ministries and departments throughout the year to spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar. As part of the celebrations while laying foundation stone for an Ambedkar memorial at the Indu Mills compounds in Mumbai in October 2015, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi announced that 26 November will be celebrated as ""Constitution Day"". In November 2015, the government officially announced celebration of the day. Constitution Day is not a public holiday. Various departments of the Government of India celebrated the

situations. Children who receive the National Bravery Award ride past the spectators on colourfully decorated elephants or vehicles. Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade. One of the unique sights of the parade is the camel mounted Border Security Force contingent, which is the

The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage. Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade. The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day

"Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day"
island of Rotuma. 24 May saw the beginning of a week of celebrations that culminated on 30 May with an event at Suva's Albert Park, with President Ratu Josefa Iloilo as the chief guest. Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase launched the festivities under the theme of Unity in Diversity on 24 May by officially opening the new Ratu Sukuna Memorial School in Nabua. The newly completed Great Council of Chiefs complex was opened the same day, and Qarase officially launched a website about Ratu Sukuna. A song has also been composed to mark the celebrations. The Fiji Museum in Suva also

"Atal Bihari Vajpayee"
On the morning of 17 August, Vajpayee's body draped with the Indian flag was taken to the Bharatiya Janata Party headquarters where party workers paid their tributes until 1 p.m. Later that afternoon at 4 p.m., Vajpayee was cremated with full state honours at Rashtriya Smriti Sthal near Raj Ghat, his pyre was lit by his foster daughter Namita Kaul Bhattacharya. Thousands of people and many dignitaries attended his funeral procession including Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Ram Nath Kovind. On 19 August, his ashes were immersed in Ganga river at Haridwar by his daughter Namita. India reacted to

after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath. The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National

"Ray Donovan"
Ray Donovan Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime. The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30, 2013. The pilot episode broke viewership records, becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime. Showtime renewed the show for a fourth season, which premiered on June 26, 2016. On August 11, 2016, Showtime renewed the show for a fifth season, which premiered on August 6, 2017. On October 23, 2017, the series was renewed for a 12-episode sixth season, filmed in New York City, which premiered on October 28, 2018. The drama is

season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 10, 2014. The second season was released on both media on May 26, 2015. The third season was released on DVD and blu-ray on December 29, 2015. The fourth season was released on DVD on December 27, 2016. The fifth season saw a DVD release on January 30, 2018. ""Ray Donovan"" has received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season a rating of 76% based on reviews from 38 critics, with the sites consensus stating: """"Ray Donovan"" moves quickly between genres and tones, with Liev Schreiber and Jon

Voight's performances making the whiplash worth it"". Metacritic gives the first season a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating ""generally positive reviews"". Tim Goodman, writing for ""The Hollywood Reporter"", said that """"Showtime"" has another gem on their hands"" and the casting of Liev Schreiber and Jon Voight was ""gold"". Ray Donovan Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime. The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30, 2013. The pilot episode broke viewership records, becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime. Showtime

"How to Get Away with Murder (season 3)"
free. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ABC renewed the series for a third season on March 3, 2016, along with several other shows. It was announced that the third season would premiere on September 22, 2016. Production began on May 27, 2016, when showrunner Peter Nowalk announced, on Twitter, that the writing staff was in full swing mapping and writing the third season. The table read for the premiere happened on July 6, 2016, and filming started a week later. A promotional poster, showcasing Viola Davis as Annalise Keating, was released on August 9, 2016. ABC released a promo for the third season on

"The Killing (season 3)"
service for the series' third season. In the U.S., Netflix will stream the season approximately three months after its finale. Episodes were made available a day after the U.S. TV broadcast by Netflix UK and Ireland. In a May 2013 interview, Sud stated her inspiration for the third season came from ""Streetwise"" (1988), Mary Ellen Mark's book of photographs about teenaged runaways in Seattle. Sud also stated she was ""very fascinated"" with Gary Ridgway, the serial killer of numerous females near Seattle and Tacoma, Washington in the 1980s and 1990s. In a separate interview, Sud said Peter Sarsgaard's character, Ray

2016, that Mary J. Blige had landed a guest role in the third season. On September 13, 2016, it was reported that Brett Butler will appear in a guest role during the third season. The third season received positive reviews from critics. The season has a rating of 90% fresh on Rotten Tomatoes based on 30 reviews. The season premiere was watched by 5.11 million in total viewership, a decline of 39 percent compared to the second-season premiere, and a 1.4 in the key demographic Adults 18–49, a decline of 46 percent from the previous premiere. How to Get Away

Michaela Pratt, Asher Millstone, and Laurel Castillo—along with Annalise's employees Frank Delfino and Bonnie Winterbottom, an associate lawyer. The first nine episodes focuses on Annalise teaching Criminal Law and her students being defense attorneys, each one proving their cases to be the representation. However, Annalise's position at the university is threatened, after an unknown person is targeting her with a series of flyers identifying her as a killer. Frank has also gone missing with Annalise and Nate trying to find him, while the murder of Wallace Mahoney is still under investigation. In the mid-season finale, Annalise is arrested after Wes'

How to Get Away with Murder (season 3) The third season of the ABC American television drama series ""How to Get Away with Murder"" was ordered on March 3, 2016, by ABC. It began airing on September 22, 2016, with 15 episodes like the previous seasons and concluded on February 23, 2017. This was made in a deal with Viola Davis that the series would be a limited series with only 15 or 16 episodes per season. Annalise Keating, law professor and criminal defense attorney at Middleton University, selects five students to intern at her firm: Wes Gibbins, Connor Walsh,

a third season, which would ultimately be the last to air on AMC. On November 15, 2013, Netflix announced it would produce a fourth and final season to consist of six episodes. This season takes place one year after the conclusion of the Rosie Larsen case (the events of the first two seasons). Sarah Linden is brought back into her detective work when the investigation into a runaway girl leads Stephen Holder and new partner Carl Reddick to discover a string of murders which connect to a previous murder case Linden worked on. Linden is now a Transit Authority employee.

"Revenge (season 3)"
Revenge (season 3) The third season of the ABC American television drama series ""Revenge"" premiered on September 29, 2013. The show aired on Sundays 9:00 pm Eastern/8:00 pm Central for the first thirteen episodes before moving to the new time of 10:00 pm Eastern/9:00 pm Central from episode 14. Ashley Madekwe and Connor Paolo did not return as Ashley Davenport and Declan Porter, respectively, although Davenport guest starred in the premiere to conclude her story. On July 12, 2013 it was confirmed that Justin Hartley would join the cast as Patrick Osbourne, Victoria Grayson's long lost son. This is also

"Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree"
Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree The Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree is a large Christmas tree placed annually in Rockefeller Center, in Midtown Manhattan. The tree is erected in mid November and lit in a public ceremony in late November or early December. Since 1997, the lighting has been broadcast live, to hundreds of millions, on NBC's ""Christmas in Rockefeller Center"" telecast on a Wednesday after Thanksgiving. The broadcast features live entertainment and a tree lighting ceremony, where the tree is lit by the current Mayor of New York City and special guests. An estimated 125 million people visit the attraction each

(2012–present), and Hoda Kotb (2017–present). Tallest Tree on Record Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree The Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree is a large Christmas tree placed annually in Rockefeller Center, in Midtown Manhattan. The tree is erected in mid November and lit in a public ceremony in late November or early December. Since 1997, the lighting has been broadcast live, to hundreds of millions, on NBC's ""Christmas in Rockefeller Center"" telecast on a Wednesday after Thanksgiving. The broadcast features live entertainment and a tree lighting ceremony, where the tree is lit by the current Mayor of New York City and special guests.

been followed by the singing of Joy to the World. The decorated tree remains on display at Rockefeller Plaza, between West 48th and 51st Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues, at least through January 6 of the new year. More than a half million people pass by the tree each day while it is on display, according to Rockefeller Center. Since 1997, the lighting ceremony has been broadcast live on NBC in the first hour of primetime, live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and on tape elsewhere. The ceremony is hosted by ""Today""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Al Roker (1997–present), Savannah Guthrie

NBC televised the tree lighting with a special on ""The Kate Smith Show"". In 1969, artist Valerie Clarebout's towering wire herald angels were added to the Channel Gardens in front of the tree near Fifth Avenue. Clarebout created the 12 sculptures using 75 points of metal wire each. The 1971 tree, a 65-footer from East Montpelier, Vermont, was the first to be mulched and recycled. It was turned into 30 three-bushel bags of mulch for the nature trails of upper Manhattan. Though the tree typically makes its journey on a truck bed, in 1998 it was flown in from Richfield,

Ohio, on the world's largest transport plane. 1999 saw Rockefeller Center's tallest tree, a spruce from Killingworth, Connecticut. In 2001, following the September 11 attacks, the tree was again decorated in hues of red, white and blue. In 2007, the tree went ""green"", converting to energy-efficient lighting with LEDs. The LEDs use 1,200 fewer kilowatts of electricity per day, enough to power a 2,000-square-foot home for a month. Also since 2007, each year after display, the tree has been milled into lumber and donated to Habitat for Humanity for use in house construction. Since 2011, the tree lighting ceremony has

year. The tree, usually a Norway spruce tall, has been a national tradition each year since 1933. The 2018 Christmas Tree Lighting took place on November 28, 2018; the tree will remain on display until January 7, 2019. Trees are traditionally donated to Rockefeller Center, which in turn donates the lumber after display. Until his death in 2009, the late David Murbach, Manager of the Gardens Division of Rockefeller Center, scouted for the desired tree in upstate New York and surrounding states, and even Ottawa in Ontario, Canada. Erik Pauzé, Head Gardener at Rockefeller Center, looks for each year's Rockefeller

then delivered to the city by a local company, Christmas Tree Brooklyn. On its way to Manhattan, the tree is often dressed in giant red bows or banners extending holiday greetings to witnesses. Trucks, barges, and a transport plane have all been used to help the tree make the trip. Once at Rockefeller Center, the tree is supported by four guy-wires attached at its midpoint and by a steel spike at its base. Scaffolding is erected around the tree to assist workers in hanging about 50,000 multi-colored LED lights and the star top. A new crystal star of Swarovski crystal

"Rockefeller Center"
as a bronze monumental plaque to John D. Rockefeller Jr (see below). From there, a flight of the steps descends toward the rink, then splits into two different stairs heading both north and south. The western end of the plaza contains Paul Manship's 1933 masterwork, ""Prometheus"" (see also ). The statue stands in a fountain basin in front of a grey rectangular wall. The Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree is placed above the statue from November to January every year; it is usually put in place and lit the week after Thanksgiving, and taken down the week after New Year's Day.

three more modest trees were raised, each decorated in one of the flag's colors. From 1944 until the war's end in 1945, the tree went unlit due to blackout regulations. After the war, the year of darkness was left behind, as six ultraviolet light projectors were employed to make it appear as though the tree's 700 fluorescent globes were glowing in the dark. By the 1950s, workers began using scaffolding to decorate the tree, as larger trees were accommodated. Before the decade was over, the decorating process called for 20 workers and nine days. 1951 marked the first time that

holiday beacon for New Yorkers and visitors alike."" A skating rink was opened below the tree in the plaza in 1936. Since then, the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree has been a yearly tradition. Workers pooled their money for that unlit tree, with the garlands made by workers' families. According to Rockefeller Center's website, the tree was ""from the beginning ... a gathering place and reflection of what was happening in the world around it."" World War II ushered in simple, patriotic decorations, including red, white and blue unlit globes and painted wooden stars. In 1942, instead of one large tree,

Synapsis
Synapsis Synapsis (also called syndesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis. When homologous chromosomes synapse, their ends are first attached to the nuclear envelope. These end-membrane complexes then migrate, assisted by the extranuclear cytoskeleton, until matching ends have been paired. Then the intervening regions of the chromosome are brought together, and may be connected by a protein-RNA complex called the synaptonemal complex. Autosomes undergo synapsis during meiosis, and are held together

Metaphase
Metaphase Metaphase (from the Greek μετά, ""adjacent"" and φάσις, ""stage"") is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are at their most condensed in anaphase). These chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells. Metaphase accounts for approximately 4% of the cell cycle's duration. Preceded by events in prometaphase and followed by anaphase, microtubules formed in prophase have already found and attached themselves to kinetochores in metaphase. In metaphase, the centromeres of the

Metaphase
such as bcr-abl in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Metaphase Metaphase (from the Greek μετά, ""adjacent"" and φάσις, ""stage"") is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are at their most condensed in anaphase). These chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells. Metaphase accounts for approximately 4% of the cell cycle's duration. Preceded by events in prometaphase and followed by anaphase, microtubules formed in prophase have already found and attached themselves to kinetochores in

Synapsis
appear to be initiation sites for meiotic silencing. In female ""Drosophila melanogaster"" fruit flies, meiotic chromosome synapsis occurs in the absence of recombination. Thus synapsis in ""Drosophila"" is independent of meiotic recombination, consistent with the view that synapsis is a precondition required for the initiation of meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is also unnecessary for homologous chromosome synapsis in the nematode ""Caenorhabditis elegans"". Synapsis Synapsis (also called syndesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I

Metaphase
chromosomes with connected kinetochores will start the events of metaphase individually before other chromosomes with unconnected kinetochores that are still lingering in the events of prometaphase. One of the cell cycle checkpoints occurs during prometaphase and metaphase. Only after all chromosomes have become aligned at the ""metaphase plate"", when every kinetochore is properly attached to a bundle of microtubules, does the cell enter anaphase. It is thought that unattached or improperly attached kinetochores generate a signal to prevent premature progression to anaphase, even if most of the kinetochores have been attached and most of the chromosomes have been aligned. Such

Mitosis
to later separate the chromosome's two chromatids. After the microtubules have located and attached to the kinetochores in prometaphase, the two centrosomes begin pulling the chromosomes towards opposite ends of the cell. The resulting tension causes the chromosomes to align along the ""metaphase plate"" or ""equatorial plane"", an imaginary line that is centrally located between the two centrosomes (at approximately the midline of the cell). To ensure equitable distribution of chromosomes at the end of mitosis, the ""metaphase checkpoint"" guarantees that kinetochores are properly attached to the mitotic spindle and that the chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate. If

"Homologous chromosome"
helps make a population more stable by providing a wider range of genetic traits for natural selection to act on. In prophase I of meiosis I, each chromosome is aligned with its homologous partner and pairs completely. In prophase I, the DNA has already undergone replication so each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids connected by a common centromere. During the zygotene stage of prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair up with each other. This pairing occurs by a synapsis process where the synaptonemal complex - a protein scaffold - is assembled and joins the homologous chromosomes along their lengths.

crossing over occurs and throughout the process of chromosomal segregation during meiosis. Both the non-crossover and crossover types of recombination function as processes for repairing DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks. At the diplotene stage of prophase I the synaptonemal complex disassembles before which will allow the homologous chromosomes to separate, while the sister chromatids stay associated by their centromeres. In metaphase I of meiosis I, the pairs of homologous chromosomes, also known as bivalents or tetrads, line up in a random order along the metaphase plate. The random orientation is another way for cells to introduce genetic variation. Meiotic spindles

Meiosis
cut and then repaired, which allows them to exchange some of their genetic information. A subset of recombination events results in crossovers, which create physical links known as chiasmata (singular: chiasma, for the Greek letter Chi (X)) between the homologous chromosomes. In most organisms, these links are essential to direct each pair of homologous chromosomes to segregate away from each other during Meiosis I, resulting in two haploid cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. During Meiosis II, the cohesion between sister chromatids is released and they segregate from one another, as during mitosis. In

Prometaphase
Prometaphase Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase, in eukaryotic somatic cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous ""membrane vesicles"", and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores. Kinetochore microtubules emerging from the centrosomes at the poles (ends) of the spindle reach the chromosomes and attach to the kinetochores, throwing the chromosomes into agitated motion. Other spindle microtubules make contact with microtubules coming from the opposite pole. Forces exerted by protein ""motors"" associated with spindle microtubules move the chromosomes toward the centre of the cell. Prometaphase is not always presented as a

"Civil Rights Act of 1964"
Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all

United States shall be excluded from participation in or otherwise discriminated against on the ground of race, color, or national origin under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Section 602 directs each Federal agency administering a program of Federal financial assistance by way of grant, contract, or loan to take action pursuant to rule, regulation, or order of general applicability to effectuate the principle of section 601 in a manner consistent with the achievement of the objectives of the statute authorizing the assistance. In seeking the effect compliance with its requirements imposed under this section, an agency is

prohibiting pregnancy, age, and disability discrimination (""See"" Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990). In very narrowly defined situations, an employer is permitted to discriminate on the basis of a protected trait where the trait is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise. To prove the bona fide occupational qualifications defense, an employer must prove three elements: a direct relationship between the protected trait and the ability to perform the duties of the job, the BFOQ relates to the ""essence""

committee, or employment agency to bypass the ""unlawful employment practice"" for any person involved with the Communist Party of the United States or of any other organization required to register as a Communist-action or Communist-front organization by final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board pursuant to the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950. There are partial and whole exceptions to Title VII for four types of employers: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as well as certain state fair employment practices agencies (FEPAs) enforce Title VII (see ). The EEOC and state FEPAs investigate, mediate, and may file lawsuits

federal funds. If an recipient of federal funds is found in violation of Title VI, that recipient may lose its federal funding. General This title declares it to be the policy of the United States that discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin shall not occur in connection with programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance and authorizes and directs the appropriate Federal departments and agencies to take action to carry out this policy. This title is not intended to apply to foreign assistance programs. Section 601This section states the general principle that no person in the

on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin (see ). Title VII applies to and covers an employer ""who has fifteen (15) or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year"" as written in the Definitions section under 42 U.S.C. §2000e(b). Title VII also prohibits discrimination against an individual because of his or her association with another individual of a particular race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, such as by an interracial marriage. The EEO Title VII has also been supplemented with legislation

"Civil Rights Act of 1968"
a more recent Federal hate-crime law, the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. Civil Rights Act of 1968 The Civil Rights Act of 1968, (), also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and made it a federal crime to ""by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin."" The Act was signed into law during the King assassination

sexual harassment has also been held in a unanimous decision written by Justice Scalia to be prohibited by Title VII (""Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc."", , 118 S.Ct. 998). In 2012, the EEOC ruled that employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity or transgender status is prohibited under Title VII. The decision held that discrimination on the basis of gender identity qualified as discrimination on the basis of sex whether the discrimination was due to sex stereotyping, discomfort with the fact of an individual's transition, or discrimination due to a perceived change in the individual's sex. In 2014,

The purpose of this provision is to obviate the possible argument that although section 603 provides for review in accordance with section 10, section 10 itself has an exception for action ""committed to agency discretion,"" which might otherwise be carried over into section 603. It is not the purpose of this provision of section 603, however, otherwise to alter the scope of judicial review as presently provided in section 10(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act. Title VII of the Act, codified as Subchapter VI of Chapter 21 of title 42 of the United States Code, prohibits discrimination by covered employers

citizenship. Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in hotels, motels, restaurants, theaters, and all other public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce; exempted private clubs without defining the term ""private"". Prohibited state and municipal governments from denying access to public facilities on grounds of race, color, religion, or national origin. Encouraged the desegregation of public schools and authorized the U.S. Attorney General to file suits to enforce said act. Expanded the Civil Rights Commission established by the earlier Civil Rights Act of 1957 with additional powers, rules and procedures. Prevents discrimination by programs and activities that receive

by 44 cities in 23 countries, but by cities outside Europe and North America on only eight occasions. Since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in Asia or Oceania four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded. The United States has hosted eight Olympic Games, four Summer and four Winter, more than any other nation. The British capital London holds the distinction

every Summer Olympic Games – Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece and Switzerland. The United States leads the all-time medal table for the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted the Summer Olympic Games more times than any other nation: the 1904 Games were held in St. Louis, Missouri; the 1932 and 1984 Games were both held in Los Angeles, California; and the 1996 Games were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2028 Games in Los Angeles will mark the fifth occasion on which the Summer Games have been hosted by the U.S. In 2012, the United Kingdom hosted its third Summer

"Olympics on United States television"
a different primetime host(s): Paula Zahn and Tim McCarver in 1992, Greg Gumbel in 1994, and Jim Nantz in 1998. As with NBC, CBS decided that it needed help to defray the increasing costs of broadcast rights. CBS's Winter Games coverage was shared with TNT, which aired events under the promotional slogan ""The ultimate daytime drama."" Nick Charles and Fred Hickman hosted the coverage from Turner's Atlanta studios in 1992 and 1994, while Jim Lampley was the host in 1998. While CBS had the top choice of events and had their own feed, TNT had to do with the world

the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta. Previously hosting late night coverage in Seoul, Bob Costas made his debut, as primetime host, in Barcelona. It is a role that he held through the 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro. NBC's 1992 bid cost $401 million thinking that the rival networks would bid at least $400 million. In order to defray costs of airing the games, the network teamed up with Cablevision for the Triplecast. The service consisted of red, white, and blue channels that allowed the viewer to watch anything they wanted even

of hosting three Olympic Games, all Summer, more than any other city. The other nations hosting the Summer Games twice are Germany, Australia, France and Greece. The other cities hosting the Summer Games twice are Los Angeles, Paris and Athens. With the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, Japan and Tokyo, respectively, will hold these statuses. In addition to the United States, nations hosting multiple Winter Games are France with three, while Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Japan, Canada and Italy have hosted twice. Among host cities, Lake Placid, Innsbruck and St. Moritz have played host to the Winter Olympic Games more than once,

"Shameless (season 9)"
Shameless (season 9) The ninth season of ""Shameless"", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on November 8, 2017, following the season 8 premiere. The season premiered on September 9, 2018, and will consist of a total of 14 episodes. After the seventh episode, the season will be on hiatus until January 20, 2019. The 100th episode of the series will air this season. On August 30, 2018, Emmy Rossum announced that she would leave the series following the ninth season. On October 7, 2018, Cameron Monaghan announced

that the sixth episode of the season would be his last one. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Shameless (season 9) The ninth season of ""Shameless"", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on November 8, 2017, following the season 8 premiere. The season premiered on September 9, 2018, and will consist of a total of 14 episodes. After the seventh episode, the season will be on hiatus until January 20, 2019. The 100th episode of the series will air this season. On August 30, 2018, Emmy Rossum announced that she would leave

"The Real Housewives of Atlanta (season 8)"
had been renewed for an eighth season, The trailer and the official cast were released on September 28, 2015. The season premiered with ""The Shades of It All"" on November 8, 2015, while the seventeenth episode ""Who's Been Naughty, Who's Been Nice"" served as the season finale, and was aired on April 10, 2016. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on March 20, March 27, and April 3, 2016, and ""Secrets Revealed"" that aired on April 10, 2016, which marked the conclusion of the season. Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton, Glenda Hersh, Carlos King, and Steven Weinstock are

"Shameless (U.S. TV series)"
on the South Side. In December 2016, it was reported that Emmy Rossum had requested that she be paid more than William H. Macy for future seasons, to make up for previous seasons in which she was paid less than Macy. The pay dispute briefly delayed work on an eighth season of the series, while she and Warner Bros. Television negotiated. The dispute came to an end on December 14, when Rossum confirmed through Twitter that she would continue to work on the series, with production of an eighth season to begin in May 2017. On December 19, 2016, Showtime

"Portlandia (season 8)"
Kumail Nanjiani and Kyle MacLachlan were announced to return as guests for the final season. Armisen admitted that writing the season was ""tricky"" due to the change in administrations and said that the rise of Donald Trump ""changed the way [Armisen] looks at some of the characters."" Production concluded on September 9, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The eighth and final season received generally favorable reviews. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 83%, based on 6 reviews. In his review for ""The A.V. Club"", John Hugar praised the series finale for ending ""on a high note,

of 18 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. On October 3, 2017, VH1 announced that """" would be returning for an eighth season on October 30, 2017. This season featured an entirely new opening credits sequence. With the exception of Kimbella Vanderhee and Cardi B who left the show, all main cast members from the previous season returned. Cam'ron's fianceé Juju C. was promoted to the main cast, alongside newcomers Anaís and Lil' Mo. Karl Dargan, Safaree Samuels, Navarro Gray, his girlfriend Ashley Diaz, her sister Ayisha Diaz, rapper Jaquáe, video vixen Sophia Body, ""Bad Girls

Shameless (U.S. TV series) Shameless is an American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells which debuted on Showtime on January 9, 2011. It is an adaptation of the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott, featuring an ensemble cast led by William H. Macy and Emmy Rossum. It is set in the South Side of Chicago and filmed throughout both the city and Los Angeles. The series was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 9, 2018 and is the longest-running original scripted series in Showtime's history. The series depicts the dysfunctional family of

"Psych (season 8)"
Ventresca, Peter Stormare, Kali Hawk, Corbin Bleu, Curt Smith, William Zabka, Dean Cameron, The Bella Twins, Billy Zane, Bruce Campbell and Val Kilmer also guest star in different episodes of the season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> ""Psych: The Complete Eighth Season"", consisting of ten episodes, was released on April 1, 2014. The three-disc set includes deleted scenes, episode podcasts, montages, featurettes and a gag reel. The seventh season television special """" is also included. Psych (season 8) The eighth and final season of Psych, containing 10 episodes, premiered on the USA Network in the United States on January 8, 2014. James Roday,

"CSI: Miami (season 8)"
crime lab comes under siege from hostage takers. It's ultimately high-tech crime that cripples the team this season, however, as they are methodically taken down by a serial killer they're hunting, with one CSI paying the ultimate price. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> CSI: Miami (season 8) The eighth season of """" premiered on CBS on September 21, 2009 and ended May 24, 2010. The series stars David Caruso and Emily Procter. It's all change during the eighth season of CSI: Miami as the team faces the loss of one of their own and flash back to 1997. Delko departs, joining the State's Attorney

officially announced that ""Shameless"" had been renewed for an eighth season. Just days after the eighth season premiere, it was announced that the show had been renewed for a ninth, which would bring the show past the 100-episode mark. In August 2018, Rossum announced her departure from Shameless after nine seasons playing Fiona Gallagher. In October 2018, Cameron Monaghan also announced his departure from the series after playing Ian Gallagher for nine seasons. The theme song for ""Shameless"" is ""The Luck You Got"" by indie rock group The High Strung. The majority of the music featured in the series is

the heart muscle is stimulated to contract by electrical impulses which are generated where

"Muscle contraction"
body that produce sustained contractions. Cardiac muscle make up the heart, which pumps blood. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are called striated muscle because of their striped appearance under a microscope, which is due to the highly organized alternating pattern of A bands and I bands. Excluding reflexes, all skeletal muscles contractions occur as a result of conscious effort originating in the brain. The brain sends electrochemical signals through the nervous system to the motor neuron that innervates several muscle fibers. In the case of some reflexes, the signal to contract can originate in the spinal cord through a feedback loop

at once, though this ratio can be affected by various physiological and psychological factors (including Golgi tendon organs and Renshaw cells). This 'low' level of contraction is a protective mechanism to prevent avulsion of the tendon—the force generated by a 95% contraction of all fibers is sufficient to damage the body. In multiple fiber summation, if the central nervous system sends a weak signal to contract a muscle, the smaller motor units, being more excitable than the larger ones, are stimulated first. As the strength of the signal increases, more motor units are excited in addition to larger ones, with

"Cardiac action potential"
that originates from the sinoatrial node is propagated via the His-Purkinje network, the fastest conduction pathway within the heart. The electrical signal travels from the sinoatrial node (SAN), which stimulates the atria to contract, to the atrioventricular node (AVN) which slows down conduction of the action potential, from the atria to the ventricles. This delay allows the ventricles to fully fill with blood before contraction. The signal then passes down through a bundle of fibres called the bundle of His, located between the ventricles, and then to the purkinje fibers at the bottom (apex) of the heart, causing ventricular contraction.

"Myocardial contractility"
Myocardial contractility Myocardial contractility represents the innate ability of the heart muscle (cardiac muscle or myocardium) to contract. The ability to produce changes in force during contraction result from incremental degrees of binding between different types of tissue, that is, between filaments of myosin (thick) and actin (thin) tissue. The degree of binding depends upon the concentration of calcium ions in the cell. Within an in vivo intact heart, the action/response of the sympathetic nervous system is driven by precisely timed releases of a catecholamine, which process determines the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol of cardiac muscle cells.

rush in and potassium to trickle out. As a result, the sarcolemma reverses polarity and its voltage quickly jumps from the resting membrane potential of -90mV to as high as +75mV as sodium enters. The membrane potential then becomes hyperpolarized when potassium exits and is then adjusted back to the resting membrane potential. This rapid fluctuation is called the end-plate potential The voltage-gated ion channels of the sarcolemma next to the end plate open in response to the end plate potential. These voltage-gated channels are sodium and potassium specific and only allow one through. This wave of ion movements creates

"Tensor tympani muscle"
helps prevent damage to the inner ear by muffling the transmission of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. The reflex has a response time of 40 milliseconds, not fast enough to protect the ear from sudden loud noises such as an explosion or gunshot. Thus, the reflex most likely developed to protect early humans from loud thunder claps which do not happen in a split second. The reflex works by contracting the muscles of the inner ear, the tensor tympani and the stapedius. This pulls the manubrium of the malleus inwards and tightens it. This tightening prevents

the baroreceptor reflex. With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases, and the cardiac centers decrease sympathetic stimulation and increase parasympathetic stimulation. As pressure and stretch decrease, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases, and the cardiac centers increase sympathetic stimulation and decrease parasympathetic stimulation. There is a similar reflex, called the atrial reflex or Bainbridge reflex, associated with varying rates of blood flow to the atria. Increased venous return stretches the walls of the atria where specialized baroreceptors are located. However, as the atrial baroreceptors increase their rate of firing and as they stretch due to the

Depolarization of the inner portions activates dihydropyridine receptors in the terminal cisternae, which are in close proximity to ryanodine receptors in the adjacent sarcoplasmic reticulum. The activated dihydropyridine receptors physically interact with ryanodine receptors to activate them via foot processes (involving conformational changes that allosterically activates the ryanodine receptors). As the ryanodine receptors open, is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the local junctional space, which then diffuses into the bulk cytoplasm to cause a calcium spark. Note that the sarcoplasmic reticulum has a large calcium buffering capacity partially due to a calcium-binding protein called calsequestrin. The near synchronous activation

with the grey matter. Other actions such as locomotion, breathing, and chewing have a reflex aspect to them: the contractions can be initiated both consciously or unconsciously. A neuromuscular junction is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is the site in which a motor neuron transmits a signal to a muscle fiber to initiate muscle contraction. The sequence of events that results in the depolarization of the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential is initiated in the cell body of a motor neuron, which is

"Cardiac muscle"
a terminal cisterna in a combination known as a diad. The functions of T-tubules include rapidly transmitting electrical impulses known as action potentials from the cell surface to the cell's core, and helping to regulate the concentration of calcium within the cell in a process known as excitation-contraction coupling. The cardiac syncytium is a network of cardiomyocytes connected to each other by intercalated discs that enable the rapid transmission of electrical impulses through the network, enabling the syncytium to act in a coordinated contraction of the myocardium. There is an atrial syncytium and a ventricular syncytium that are connected by

goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in a 122–104 win over the Toronto Raptors on January 22, 2006. Whereas Chamberlain was fed repeatedly by teammates for inside shots in a blowout win, Bryant created his own shot—mostly from the outside—in a game which the Lakers trailed at halftime by 14 and did not pull away until the fourth quarter. Chamberlain, playing in an era when the games were paced faster and scoring opportunities were more plentiful, accounted for 59 percent of

"Gómez"
Gómez Gómez is a common Spanish surname. The Portuguese and Old Galician version is Gomes, while the Catalan form is Gomis. The name is sometimes spelled without the original spanish accent in the United States and Britain. It is derived from the given name ""Gomes"" which is a loanword of the Visigothic word ""guma"" ""man"". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word ""guma"" (Old English guma ""man"", Middle English ""gome"") / ""gomo"" (High Old German ""gomo"" ""man"", Middle High German ""gome"") related to Latin ""homo"" ""man"". As of 2014, 27.1% of all known bearers of the surname ""Gómez""

"Gómez"
the surname was higher than national average (1:61) in the following departments: Notable people with the surname include: Gómez Gómez is a common Spanish surname. The Portuguese and Old Galician version is Gomes, while the Catalan form is Gomis. The name is sometimes spelled without the original spanish accent in the United States and Britain. It is derived from the given name ""Gomes"" which is a loanword of the Visigothic word ""guma"" ""man"". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word ""guma"" (Old English guma ""man"", Middle English ""gome"") / ""gomo"" (High Old German ""gomo"" ""man"", Middle High German

"Gomez Addams"
series was being developed, Charles Addams suggested naming the character either Repelli or Gomez. Addams left the final choice up to portrayer John Astin, who chose Gomez. Because ""Gómez"" is usually recognized as a family name in Spanish-speaking countries, in Hispanic America the character's name was changed to ""Homero"" (""Homer""). Like the other members of the family, Gomez's personality became largely codified by the television series. Gomez is of Castilian extraction. John Astin had long sessions with Addams and series producer David Levy, who gave him free rein in developing the character. Enlarging on Addams' description of Gomez as a

"Gómez"
were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:95), 13.2% of Colombia (1:75), 10.5% of Spain (1:92), 10.2% of Argentina (1:87), 6.1% of the United States (1:1,237), 5.5% of Guatemala (1:61), 5.0% of Venezuela (1:125), 2.6% of Peru (1:250), 2.4% of Cuba (1:101), 2.3% of the Philippines (1:930), 2.0% of Honduras (1:90), 1.8% of Chile (1:207), 1.7% of the Dominican Republic (1:125), 1.5% of Paraguay (1:99), 1.4% of Ecuador (1:241), 1.2% of El Salvador (1:110) and 1.1% of Nicaragua (1:111). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:92) in the following autonomous communities: In Guatemala, the frequency of

"Gómez Municipality"
6 May 1816 in the church of Santa Ana. Tourism, handicrafts and fishing are the main economic activities of the municipality. The products of the main towns and villages are: Gómez Municipality Gómez is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. The municipality is in the northeast of Margarita. The capital is Santa Ana. The county is divided into five parishes: Bolivar Guevara, Matasiete, Santa Ana and Sucre. The region in the east and south of the municipality is characterized by mountain ridges with forested valleys. The northern half is lower, flatter, and much warmer

lapel) while simultaneously checking a wrist watch. Gomez is an athletic, acrobatic, and eccentric multi-billionaire. Though an extremely successful businessman, having acquired much of his wealth through inheritance and investments, he has little regard for money and will casually spend thousands of dollars on any whimsical endeavor. Gomez's investments are guided more by whimsy than strategy, yet luck rarely fails him. Gomez owns businesses around the world, including a swamp, bought for ""scenic value"", crocodile farm, a buzzard farm, a salt mine, a tombstone factory, a uranium mine, and many others. In Forbes 2007 ""Fictional 15"" list of the richest

Manrique. Fortin España was built in the 17th century on the strategic hill of Santa Ana. The municipality is named after General Francisco Esteban Gómez. He was born in Santa Ana on 26 December 1783. He defeated General Pablo Morillo in the Battle of Matasiete on 31 July 1817. The capital, Santa Ana, is also known as Norte, Villa del Norte and Santa Ana del Norte. In the colonial period it was one of the most important towns on the island. Simón Bolívar was recognized as Supreme Head of the Republic of Venezuela in the Assembly of Notables held on

Gómez Municipality Gómez is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. The municipality is in the northeast of Margarita. The capital is Santa Ana. The county is divided into five parishes: Bolivar Guevara, Matasiete, Santa Ana and Sucre. The region in the east and south of the municipality is characterized by mountain ridges with forested valleys. The northern half is lower, flatter, and much warmer than the mountains. The average annual temperature is . Annual precipitation averages . The pueblo del Norte (now Santa Ana) village was founded around 1530 under the governorship of Aldonza

"Gómez Palacio, Durango"
as Lerdo Municipality in Durango. The metropolitan area had an official population of 1,215,817 persons in 2010. From the first half of the seventeenth century, the land within the triangle formed by San Juan de Casta (now Leon Guzman), Santiago de Mapimí (Mapimí) and Santa Maria de las Parras (Parras), formed part of the property of the Marquis of Aguayo and named Hacienda de San Lorenzo de la Laguna. In 1848, after several modifications, the lands were purchased by Juan Ignacio Jimenez, from Cuencame. The purchase included the entrance of the river Nazas (Cañon de Calbazas), where he built Calbazas

"Nahuel Gómez"
Nahuel Gómez Ángel Nahuel Gómez (born 23 August 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Rosario Central. Local club Defensores de Belgrano was Gómez's first club, which preceded him signing for Rosario Central on 7 April 2004 - he was moved into the senior squad thirteen years later. After being an unused substitute six times between December 2017 and April 2018, he made his professional debut against Belgrano in the Argentine Primera División on 7 April 2018. Gómez made two more appearances during 2017–18, including one in the 2018 Copa Sudamericana versus São Paulo on

"ICC T20 World Cup"
dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. It was intended to deliver fast-paced, exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game. Stuart Robertson, the marketing manager of the ECB, proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001 and they voted 11–7 in favour of adopting the new format. The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9

"First-class cricket"
Australia and South Africa at that time) and other teams designated as such by MCC (e.g. North v South, Gentlemen v Players and occasional ""elevens"" which consisted of recognised first-class players). Officially, therefore, the inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1895 season between MCC and Nottinghamshire at Lord's on 1 and 2 May, MCC winning by 37 runs. The term ""first-class cricket"" was formally defined by the then Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC) on 19 May 1947. It was made clear that the definition ""will not have retrospective effect"". The definition is as follows: A match of three

of cricket's history. However, roundarm did not begin in earnest until 1827. In Frindall's view, the inaugural first-class match should have been the opening game of the 1815 season between MCC and Middlesex at Lord's on 31 May and 1 June, Middlesex winning by 16 runs. The most significant internet-based views are those of ""CricketArchive"" (CA) and ""ESPNcricinfo"" (CI), both of which hold that the earliest first-class match was Hampshire ""versus"" All-England at Broadhalfpenny Down on 24 and 25 June 1772. CA has numbered this match ""f1"" (i.e., first-class match number one) and CI as ""First-Class # 1"". However commendable

"History of the ICC Cricket World Cup"
first held in 1975 in England, which was the only nation that was able to put forward the resources to stage an event of such magnitude. The first three tournaments were officially known as the Prudential Cup after the financial services company Prudential plc who sponsored the event. The matches were of 60 overs per team and played in traditional white uniform and red balls. They were all played during the day. Eight teams participated in the first tournament: Australia, England, the West Indies, Pakistan, India, and New Zealand (the six Test nations at the time), with Sri Lanka and

"History of cricket"
MCC at Lord's in 1787. MCC immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made periodic revisions and recodifications subsequently. The game continued to spread throughout England and, in 1751, Yorkshire is first mentioned as a venue. The original form of bowling (i.e., rolling the ball along the ground as in bowls) was superseded sometime after 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball and study variations in line, length and pace. Scorecards began to be kept on a regular basis from 1772 and since then an increasingly clear picture has emerged of the sport's development. The first famous

"Twenty20 International"
played in England in the Late Middle Ages, but it did not rise to prominence until the eighteenth century. A set of laws were drawn up in 1744, and the game achieved a level of relative standardisation by the late nineteenth century. One-day cricket was trialled in 1962, and the first domestic tournament played the following year, and in 1971, England and Australia contested the first One Day International. The match consisted of one innings for each side, with 40 eight-ball overs. In the 1990s, a number of countries were exploring the possibility of a shorter game still: in New

in Great Britain) cricket matches, ""first-class"" is essentially a statistical concept while the historical concept is broader and takes account of historical significance. Webber's rationale was that cricket was ""generally weak before 1864"" (there was a greater and increasingly more organised effort to promote county cricket from about that time) and match details were largely incomplete, especially bowling analyses, which hindered compilation of records. According to Webber's view, the inaugural first-class match should have been the opening game of the 1864 season between Cambridge University and MCC at Fenner's on 12 and 13 May, Cambridge winning by 6 wickets. When

wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the largest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground other than a one-day final since 1953. Soon after with the adoption of Twenty20 matches by other cricket boards, the popularity of the format grew with unexpected crowd attendance, new regional tournaments such as Pakistan's Faysal Bank T20 Cup and Stanford 20/20 tournament and the financial incentive in the format. The West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the

the modern limited-overs forms of List A and Twenty20, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. The origin of the term ""first-class cricket"" is unknown but it was used loosely before it acquired an official status, effective in 1895, following a meeting of leading English clubs in May 1894. Subsequently, at a meeting of the Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC) in May 1947, it was formally defined on a global basis. A significant omission of the ICC ruling was any attempt to define first-class cricket retrospectively. This has left historians, and especially statisticians, with the problem of how to categorise

Cricket
England in the 1963 season as a knockout cup contested by the first-class county clubs. In 1969, a national league competition was established. The concept was gradually introduced to the other leading cricket countries and the first limited overs international was played in 1971. In 1975, the first Cricket World Cup took place in England. Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an evening session. The first Twenty20 World Championship was held in 2007. Limited overs matches cannot be drawn, although a tie is

"Masters Tournament"
Masters.) The first winner of the Masters Tournament was Horton Smith in 1934, and he repeated in 1936. The player with the most Masters victories is Jack Nicklaus, who won six times between 1963 and 1986. Arnold Palmer and Tiger Woods have each won four, and Jimmy Demaret, Gary Player, Sam Snead, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson have three titles to their name. Player was the tournament's first overseas winner with his first victory in 1961. Two-time champions include Byron Nelson, Ben Hogan, Tom Watson, Seve Ballesteros, Bernhard Langer, Ben Crenshaw, José María Olazábal, and Bubba Watson. In 1952 the

Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest-scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Masters as a professional. These players are Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Crenshaw, Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods and Sergio García. Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters. Nicklaus is the record holder for the most

end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them. There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes he receives a pair of crystal goblets.

with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless he needs to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an

former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored

honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, and Gary Player. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each, and five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player

major championship. Gary Player holds the record for most appearances, with 52. Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made, with 23 between 1959 and 1982 (Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery). He shares this record with Fred Couples, who made his consecutive cuts between 1983 and 2007, not competing in 1987 and 1994. Nick Price and Greg Norman share the course record of 63, with their rounds coming in 1986 and 1996 respectively. The highest winning score of 289 (+1) has occurred three times: Sam Snead in 1954,

spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket); Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years. By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the

Sarazen's double eagle on the fabled course's ""Fire Thorn"" hole in 1935: Bruce Devlin made double eagle from out with a 4-wood at the eighth hole (""Yellow Jasmine"") in the first round in 1967, while Jeff Maggert hit a 3-iron at the 13th hole (""Azalea"") in the fourth round in 1994. Three players share the record for most runner-up finishes with four: Ben Hogan (1942, 1946, 1954, 1955), Tom Weiskopf (1969, 1972, 1974, 1975), Jack Nicklaus (1964, 1971, 1977, 1981) CBS has televised the Masters in the United States every year since 1956, when it used six cameras and covered

partaking in the 2016 tee shot. Palmer was still in attendance for the ceremony. Following Palmer's death in 2016, the 2017 ceremony featured tributes; his green jacket was draped over an empty white chair, while everyone in attendance wore ""Arnie's Army"" badges. The Champions' Dinner is held each year on the Tuesday evening preceding Thursday's first round. The dinner was first held in 1952, hosted by defending champion Ben Hogan, to honor the past champions of the tournament. At that time 15 tournaments had been played, and the number of past champions was 11. Officially known as the ""Masters Club"",

who was appointed to manage the national recovery administration

"National Recovery Administration"
Board, headed by noted criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow, a prominent liberal, was set up by President Roosevelt in March 1934 and abolished by him that same June. The board issued three reports highly critical of the NRA from the perspective of small business, charging the NRA with fostering cartels. The Darrow board, influenced by Justice Louis D. Brandeis, wanted instead to promote competitive capitalism. Representing big business, the American Liberty League, 1934–40, was run by leading industrialists who opposed the liberalism of the New Deal. Regarding the controversial NRA, the League was ambivalent. Jouett Shouse, the League president, commented that

as can now be told, they believed that a bright new day was dawning, that national planning would result in an organically integrated economy in which everyone would joyfully work for the common good, and that American society would be freed at last from those antagonisms arising, as General Hugh Johnson put it, from ""the murderous doctrine of savage and wolfish individualism, looking to dog-eat-dog and devil take the hindmost. The negotiations of a code for the bituminous coal industry came against the background of a rapidly swelling union, the United Mine Workers headed by John L. Lewis and an

their labor, can raise their heads again. The challenge of this law is whether we can sink selfish interest and present a solid front against a common peril."" The first director of the NRA was Hugh S. Johnson, a retired United States Army general and a successful businessman. He was named ""Time"" magazine's ""Man of the Year"" in 1933. Johnson saw the NRA as a national crusade designed to restore employment and regenerate industry. Johnson called on every business establishment in the nation to accept a stopgap ""blanket code"": a minimum wage of between 20 and 45 cents per hour,

industry in the nation. According to some conservative economists, the NRA increased the cost of doing business by forty percent. Donald Richberg, who soon replaced Johnson as the head of the NRA said: There is no choice presented to American business between intelligently planned and uncontrolled industrial operations and a return to the gold-plated anarchy that masqueraded as ""rugged individualism.""...Unless industry is sufficiently socialized by its private owners and managers so that great essential industries are operated under public obligation appropriate to the public interest in them, the advance of political control over private industry is inevitable. By the time

National Recovery Administration The National Recovery Administration was a prime New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal was to eliminate ""cut-throat competition"" by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of ""fair practices"" and set prices. The NRA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and allowed industries to get together and write ""codes of fair competition."" The codes were intended to reduce ""destructive competition"" and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, as well as minimum prices at which products could be sold.

scrip wages and company store, and establishing fair trade practices. It paved the way for an important wage settlement. In early 1935 the new chairman, Samuel Williams, announced that the NRA would stop setting prices, but businessmen complained. Chairman Williams told them plainly that, unless they could prove it would damage business, NRA was going to put an end to price control. Williams said, ""Greater productivity and employment would result if greater price flexibility were attained."" Of the 2,000 businessmen on hand probably 90% opposed Mr. Williams' aim, reported ""Time"" magazine: ""To them a guaranteed price for their products looks

farmers, business and labor. The NIRA, which created the NRA, declared that codes of fair competition should be developed through public hearings, and gave the Administration the power to develop voluntary agreements with industries regarding work hours, pay rates, and price fixing. The NRA was put into operation by an executive order, signed the same day as the passage of the NIRA. New Dealers who were part of the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw the close analogy with the earlier crisis handling the economics of World War I. They brought ideas and experience from the government controls and

same to contain any fraudulent or fictitious statement or entry, in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States or of any corporation in which the United States of America is a stockholder … This form of the statute, in slightly modified form, still exists today at . National Recovery Administration The National Recovery Administration was a prime New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal was to eliminate ""cut-throat competition"" by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of ""fair practices"" and set prices.

like a royal road to profits. A fixed price above cost has proved a lifesaver to more than one inefficient producer."" However, it was also argued NRA's price control method promoted monopolies. The business position was summarized by George A. Sloan, head of the Cotton Textile Code Authority: Maximum hours and minimum wage provisions, useful and necessary as they are in themselves, do not prevent price demoralization. While putting the units of an industry on a fair competitive level insofar as labor costs are concerned, they do not prevent destructive price cutting in the sale of commodities produced, any more

with judges that were in favor of the New Deal. Subsequent to the decision, the remainder of Title I was extended until April 1, 1936, by joint resolution of Congress (49 Stat. 375), June 14, 1935, and NRA was reorganized by E.O. 7075, June 15, 1935, to facilitate its new role as a promoter of industrial cooperation and to enable it to produce a series of economic studies, which the National Recovery Review Board was already doing. Many of the labor provisions reappeared in the Wagner Act of 1935. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1933, DeBenneville ""Bert"" Bell formed a new

"John Carpenter (game show contestant)"
wife, and his son. Additionally, he was also the first expert in the ""Ask the Expert"" lifeline for the eighth season of the syndicated series. John Carpenter (game show contestant) John Carpenter (born c. 1968) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent. He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire"". He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history, until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show, ""Twenty One"".

"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"
or hear what's been going on throughout the show until one of them gets called. When the contestant calls one of their friends, the friend appears onscreen and both the contestant and friend can see and hear each other. During the course of the game show's history, there were a number of unique lifeline additions in various versions of the programme: Out of all contestants that have played the game, few have been able to win the top prize on any international version of the show. The first was John Carpenter, who won the top prize on the U.S. version

"The Millionaire (TV series)"
Miller's character approaches a subject and says, ""My name is Michael Anthony, and I have been authorized to give you one million dollars!"" The man tears up the check, saying, ""My name is Mike Todd, and ""I don't need it!"""" In the sitcom ""Cheers"", the episode ""How to Marry a Mailman"" opens with Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin explaining ""The Millionaire"" and its premise to multi-millionaire Robin Colcord in an effort to get Colcord to give them a million dollars. The 1983-84 ABC-TV series ""Lottery!"" also explored sudden wealth and its impacts upon its beneficiaries, as did the NBC-TV shows

John Carpenter (game show contestant) John Carpenter (born c. 1968) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent. He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire"". He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history, until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show, ""Twenty One"". Carpenter was also the first top prize winner among all international versions of the ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"" series. On the November 19,

"Charles Ingram"
Charles Ingram Charles William Ingram (born 1963) is an English former British Army major who became known for cheating on the television game show ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"" in 2001, after winning the maximum prize of a million pounds. Following a lengthy trial at Southwark Crown Court, he was convicted on a single count of procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception. In 2003, he was convicted of an unrelated insurance fraud, and ordered to resign his commission as a major by the Army Board. Ingram is married to Diana Ingram, and has since participated in

"The Happiest Millionaire"
thinking of Angie as a mama's boy, and Angie storms out of the house. Both families are instantly in a tremendous state of upheaval. Mr. Biddle sends John Lawless to look after Angie. John finds Angie at the local tavern, contemplating what he will do next. During a rousing song-and-dance sequence, John tries to convince Angie to go back to Cordy. However, Angie is stubborn and thinks of other ways to deal with his problems, among other things saying that he wants to join the Foreign Legion. Angie unwittingly starts a bar fight (with a little help from John) and

"A Millionaire for Christy"
the hotel bar, where one of Peter's Sunshine Man broadcasts makes Doc want to make him ""eat his words."" They approach Peter and June to ""share"" their bottle of tequila. After several drinks, Peter, still believing that he is humoring Christy, is cajoled by the jealous June and intoxicated Doc to pledge his entire inheritance to various La Jolla charities, including Doc's clinic. The next morning, a hungover Peter is awakened by the press and a stream of well-wishers, all congratulating him on his generosity. Upon learning that he really did inherit two million dollars and has given it away,

"Who's your daddy? (phrase)"
early use of the phrase occurs in Gene Wilder's 1975 comedy ""The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother"". Sigerson Holmes (Gene Wilder) grills Jenny Hill (Madeline Kahn), the supposed daughter of the British Minister of External Affairs, in a rather unusual interrogation process. While sitting over her almost naked and rather responsive body lying on a couch, he massages her breasts and repeatedly asks her ""Who's Your Father?"". In the 1979 film ""Scum"", where the 'Daddy' refers to the inmate who runs the borstal. The character Carlin, played by Ray Winstone, brutally bludgeons Banks, the current Daddy, thus becoming the

is hauled off to jail. The next morning, Mr. Biddle comes to bail Angie out. He tells Angie he has to forget about his own dreams and accept his place in the family business. His words have the desired effect, inspiring Angie to defy his mother and elope with Cordy and go to Detroit. Cordy, however, believes her father talked Angie into it, so to prove his sincerity, amid the cheering of the cell mates, Angie throws Cordy over his shoulder and carries her out of the jail house to start their new life together. (The short version of the

"Captain Janks"
Captain Janks Thomas Michael Cipriano (born March 28, 1966), also known as Captain Janks, is an American practical joker most notable for making prank calls to live television shows and news networks since the late 1980s, such as ""Larry King Live"", CNN and ABC News. He has been labeled by ""The Washington Post"" as the ""nemesis of news outlets,"" ""the news media’s greatest crank caller,"" and by the ""Philadelphia City Paper"" as ""public enemy No. 1 for television- and radio-show screeners."" Janks and ""The Washington Post"" have described the calls as commentary on the lack of source verification done in

"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in

for the show was announced to be released around Summer 2008. It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show, including songs from Ashley Tisdale, Brenda Song, Jesse McCartney, and Raven-Symoné. This idea was scrapped as of 2017. The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award

app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. ""The Suite Life"" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called ""The Suite Life on Deck"", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, ""The Suite Life Movie"", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the

"The Suite Life Movie"
The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms ""The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"" and ""The Suite Life on Deck"" created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also executive producers for the movie. The film premiered on March 25, 2011 on the Disney Channel. A sneak

the media has termed them ""heartthrobs"" and ""overwhelming draws"" among preteen and teen audiences. The following year, the brothers launched a franchise known as the Sprouse Bros brand, which included a clothing line, book series and magazine. The majority of the Sprouses' franchise ended in 2008, except for their clothing line. ""The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"" was retooled in 2008 as ""The Suite Life on Deck"", in which the brothers reprised their roles as Zack and Cody. ""The Suite Life on Deck"" went on to become the most-watched tween/children's television show in 2008 and 2009. The show ended

Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after ""That's So Raven"" and ""Kim Possible"". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD

"The Suite Life on Deck"
the United Kingdom where the characters experience different cultures, adventures, and situations. The series' pilot aired in the UK on September 19, 2008, and in U.S. markets on September 26, 2008. The series premiere on the Disney Channel in the U.S. drew 5.7 million viewers, and it became the most watched series premiere in Canada on the Family Channel. The show was also TV's No. 1 series in Kids 6–11 and No. 1 scripted series in tweens 9–14 in 2008, outpacing veteran series ""Hannah Montana"" and ""Wizards of Waverly Place"" in the ratings.<ref name=""Disney Channel/DisneyChannel.com Highlights For 2008""></ref> On October

to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. ""The Suite Life on Deck"" is a sequel to ""The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"", that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea

in shock, the movie ends with Mr. Moseby saying, ""Well, spring break is over. Now if I could just make it to summer vacation."" The film aired worldwide on Disney Channel. It premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on February 17, 2012. It premiered in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the Philippines on June 25, 2011. The film was made available on iTunes starting April 5, 2011 and on Netflix to stream on April 24, 2011. Sarah Peel of ""BSC Kids"" was positive about the film, saying the film was ""typical"" but said she was surprised at ""just how

"Brenda Song"
Hilton (London spoofing Paris, and Tipton is the name of the hotel her father owns in the show). She got the role without an audition and was surprised to find her friend Ashley Tisdale working in the show. Song says, ""London is my fantasy person, I wish I could be her. I wish I had her closet."" The series is about the residents and workers at the fictional Tipton Hotel in Boston and mainly centers around the trouble-making twins, Zack and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), and London Tipton (Song). The series premiered on the Disney Channel on March

"Matthew Lillard"
Matthew Lillard Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is known for portraying Chip in ""Serial Mom"" (1994), Emmanuel ""Cereal Killer"" Goldstein in ""Hackers"" (1995), Stu Macher in ""Scream"" (1996), Stevo in ""SLC Punk!"" (1998), Billy Brubaker in ""Summer Catch"" (2001), Jerry Conlaine in ""Without a Paddle"" (2004), Dez Howard in ""The Groomsmen"" (2006), Joey in ""Home Run Showdown"" (2012), Jack Rusoe in ""Return to Nim's Island"" (2013) and Shaggy Rogers in both ""Scooby-Doo"" (2002) and """" (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran

"Nick Palatas"
Nick Palatas Nicholas Edward ""Nick"" Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in two short films, titled ""The Erogenous Zone"" and ""Love"" and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville ""Shaggy"" Rogers in the film, ""Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins"" and reprised the role in ""Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster"" which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas. He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with whom he has

one daughter, Vienna. Nick Palatas Nicholas Edward ""Nick"" Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in two short films, titled ""The Erogenous Zone"" and ""Love"" and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville ""Shaggy"" Rogers in the film, ""Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins"" and reprised the role in ""Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster"" which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas. He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with

"The Shaggy Dog (2006 film)"
The Shaggy Dog (2006 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley, based on the 1959 live-action film of the same name. The original film had a character named Wilby Daniels transforming into an Old English Sheepdog after putting on a magic ring, whereas the remake presents a character named Dave Douglas transforming into a Bearded Collie after getting bitten by a sacred dog. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey Jr., Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin,

Scooby-Doo"", using that show's voice cast. Entries from 2010 on use the original 1969 designs and feature Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, the character Lillard portrayed in the live-action theatrical ""Scooby-Doo"" films. Two Scooby-Doo! movies were released in 2016, named ""Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood"" and """". In addition, a live-action TV movie, ""Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins"", was released on DVD and simultaneously aired on Cartoon Network on September 13, 2009, the 40th anniversary of the series' debut. The film starred Nick Palatas as Shaggy, Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma, and Frank

of Shaggy, while Welker, Cohn, and DeLisle continued in their respective roles. Patrick Warburton, Linda Cardellini, Lewis Black, Vivica A. Fox, Gary Cole, Udo Kier, Tim Matheson, Tia Carrere, and Kate Higgins were added as new semi-regular cast members. Casey Kasem appeared in a recurring role as Shaggy's father, one of his last roles before retiring due to declining health. The series, while still following the basic mystery-solving format of its predecessors, was broadcast as a 52-chapter animated televised novel and included elements similar to live-action mystery/adventure shows such as ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"" and ""Lost."" An overarching mystery surrounding

Zena Grey and Philip Baker Hall. ""The Shaggy Dog"" released on March 10, 2006 by Walt Disney Pictures, received negative reviews from critics and grossed $87 million against its $60 million budget. Dave Douglas (Tim Allen) is a deputy district attorney in Los Angeles County who is prosecuting social studies teacher and activist Justin Forrester (Joshua Leonard) for firebombing the pharmaceutical corporation Grant and Strictland. Forrester denies this, but claims that Grant and Strictland have been engaging in illegal animal experimentation. This distances Douglas from his daughter Carly (Zena Grey), one of Forrester's students. As Dave is also a workaholic,

"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster"
2010. School has just ended for the summer, and Velma (Hayley Kiyoko), Shaggy (Nick Palatas), and Scooby-Doo (Frank Welker) meet up with Fred (Robbie Amell) and Daphne (Kate Melton) so they can go to meet Daphne's uncle, Thornton ""Thorny"" Blake V, who has given them summer jobs at his country club in Erie Point. That night at the club's opening party, a huge frog-like monster suddenly appears and wreaks havoc. The gang decides to solve the mystery. They decide to investigate the only person who has ever taken a picture of the lake monster, Mr. Uggins, the lighthouse keeper. He

Welker as the voice of Scooby-Doo. A second live-action TV movie, ""Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster"", retained the same cast and aired on October 16, 2010 and a direct-to-video spin-off ""Daphne & Velma"" in 2018. The three films serve as prequels taking place before the events of the 2002 film. A feature-length live-action film version of ""Scooby-Doo"" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 14, 2002. Directed by Raja Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo, voiced by Neil Fanning, was

"Billy West"
Tunes"" feature-length films and returned as Fudd in the theatrically released """". In 1998, West starred in the direct-to-video film ""Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island"" as Shaggy Rogers, becoming the second person to portray the character (the first being Casey Kasem). He was one of the top contenders to replace Kasem after his retirement in 2009 but lost the role to Matthew Lillard. In 2000, he provided additional voices in Disney's ""Dinosaur"". In 2004, West voiced the classic character Popeye in the 75th-anniversary film """", and made his live-action film debut in Mark Hamill's """". He also appeared in a cameo

"Diamonds & Rust (song)"
Diamonds & Rust (song) ""Diamonds & Rust"" is a song written, composed, and performed by Joan Baez. It was written in November 1974 and released in 1975. In the song, Baez recounts an out-of-the-blue phone call from an old lover, which sends her a decade back in time, to a ""crummy"" hotel in Greenwich Village circa 1964 or 1965; she recalls giving him a pair of cuff-links, and summarizes that memories bring ""diamonds and rust"". Baez has stated that the lyrics refer to her relationship with Bob Dylan. The song, which was a top-40 hit for Baez on the U.S.

"Diamonds & Rust"
Diamonds & Rust Diamonds & Rust is a 1975 album by Joan Baez. Baez is often regarded as an interpreter of other people's work, and on this album she covered songs written or played by Bob Dylan, Stevie Wonder, The Allman Brothers, and Jackson Browne. But ""Diamonds & Rust"" also contained a number of her own compositions, including the acclaimed title track, a distinctive song written about Bob Dylan. The title track has been widely covered by other artists. On her cover of Dylan's ""Simple Twist of Fate"", one verse features Baez attempting a good-humoured impersonation of the song's composer.

in the third chapter of her memoir, ""And a Voice to Sing With"" (1987), Baez uses phrases from the song in describing her relationship with Dylan, and has been explicit that he was the inspiration for the song. She recounts how she originally told Dylan that the song was about her ex-husband David Harris, which was obviously not true. The lyrics, for example, include the lines, ""Well, you burst on the scene already a legend / the unwashed phenomenon, the original vagabond..."" which would describe Dylan but not Harris. In her memoir, ""And a Voice to Sing With"", Baez records

"Jack of Diamonds (song)"
Gorrach"", ""The Wagoner's Lad"", ""Clinch Mountain"", ""The Cuckoo"", ""Rye Whiskey"", ""Saints Bound for Heaven"", ""Separation"", and ""John Adkins' Farewell."" This family of tunes originally comes from the British Isles, though is most well known in North America. The lyrics may originate in the American Civil War song ""The Rebel Soldier"" and the melody from the Scottish song ""Robie Donadh Gorrach"", known by Nathaniel Gow as ""An Old Highland Song"". While Bob Dylan never recorded ""Jack of Diamonds"", a poem based on the song lyrics is included on the back cover of ""Another Side of Bob Dylan""; the poems are grouped

"Gary McMahan"
the Colorado Cowboy Gathering, which he co-founded in 1988. In a 2014 interview, McMahan said ""I’ve made my living with either a horse or guitar or both for the last 40 years, and it’s been a great life."" Gary McMahan Gary McMahan (born 1948 in Greeley, Colorado) is an American Western music singer-songwriter, yodeler, humorist and cowboy poet, known for his wide-ranging influence in post-19th century Western music and poetry, and for writing ""The Old Double Diamond"", which members of the Western Writers of America chose as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. McMahan's father owned

from a phone booth in the Midwest. MR: What was the song about originally? JB: I don't remember what I'd been writing about, but it had nothing to do with what it ended up as. The song was later covered with edited lyrics by Judas Priest for the album ""Sin After Sin"". It was originally recorded a year earlier for ""Sad Wings of Destiny"", but not included on that album. This early version appears on ""The Best of Judas Priest"", ""Hero, Hero"", and some remasters of their first album ""Rocka Rolla"". A live version of the song is on ""Unleashed

Gary McMahan Gary McMahan (born 1948 in Greeley, Colorado) is an American Western music singer-songwriter, yodeler, humorist and cowboy poet, known for his wide-ranging influence in post-19th century Western music and poetry, and for writing ""The Old Double Diamond"", which members of the Western Writers of America chose as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. McMahan's father owned a cattle trucking business in Greeley. As a child, Gary traveled with his father, spending time in and around the ranches, feedlots, and rodeo arenas of Northern Colorado and neighboring states. Beginning in his teenage years he rode

I'll sing it, if you like."" But Baez's marriage to Harris had, in fact, already ended by the time the song was written and composed. In an interview with music writer Mike Ragogna, Baez later admitted that the character in the song is Dylan: MR: ""Diamonds and Rust"" was another magic moment. You've said when you began writing the song, it started as something else until Dylan phoned you. Then it became about him. That must have been one helluva call. JB: He read me the entire lyrics to ""Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts"" that he'd just finished

"Me and Bobby McGee"
The suggestion for the title came from producer and Monument Records founder Fred Foster. Kristofferson did not write the song for Joplin, but it became strongly associated with her after her death. The song is the story of two drifters, the narrator and Bobby McGee. The couple hitch a ride from a truck driver and sing as they drive through the American south. They visit California and then part ways, with the song's narrator expressing sadness afterwards. Due to the singer's name never being mentioned and the name ""Bobby"" being easily identifiable to both sexes, the song has been recorded

me something"" was changed to ""I bought you some cuff links, you brought troubles."" And on February 25, 2009, in Austin, she sang it, ""And if you ... well I'll take the Grammy."" In 2010, she recorded it as a duet with Judy Collins on Collins's album ""Paradise"". In 2018, during her Fare Thee Well Tour, she changed the line ""Ten years ago / I bought you some cufflinks"" to ""Fifty years ago / I bought you some cufflinks"". The song alludes to Baez's relationship with Bob Dylan 10 years before. Although Dylan is not specifically named in the song,

"Cell cycle"
the cell for initiation of cell division. G is a resting phase where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing. The cell cycle starts with this phase. The word ""post-mitotic"" is sometimes used to refer to both quiescent and senescent cells. Non-proliferative (non-dividing) cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent G state from G and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as is often the case for neurons). This is very common for cells that are fully differentiated. Cellular senescence occurs in response to DNA damage and external stress and usually constitutes

an arrest in G. Some cells enter the G phase semi-permanently and are considered post-mitotic, e.g., some liver, kidney, and stomach cells. Many cells do not enter G and continue to divide throughout an organism's life, e.g., epithelial cells. Cellular senescence is also a state that occurs in response to DNA damage or degradation that would make a cell's progeny nonviable; it is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. Before a cell can enter cell division, it needs to take in nutrients. All of the preparations are done during interphase. Interphase is

within interphase, from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis, is called G (G indicating ""gap""). It is also called the growth phase. During this phase, the biosynthetic activities of the cell, which are considerably slowed down during M phase, resume at a high rate. The duration of G is highly variable, even among different cells of the same species. In this phase, the cell increases its supply of proteins, increases the number of organelles (such as mitochondria, ribosomes), and grows in size. In G phase, a cell has three options. (1) To continue

cells. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the chromosomes separate. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature

a series of changes that takes place in a newly formed cell and its nucleus, before it becomes capable of division again. It is also called preparatory phase or intermitosis. Previously it was called resting stage because there is no apparent activity related to cell division.Typically interphase lasts for at least 91% of the total time required for the cell cycle. Interphase proceeds in three stages, G, S, and G, followed by the cycle of mitosis and cytokinesis. The cell's nuclear DNA contents are duplicated during S phase but may continue till G in case of heterochromatin. The first phase

organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G phase, S phase (synthesis), G phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis or meiosis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly

it is complete, all of the chromosomes have been replicated, i.e., each chromosome has two (sister) chromatids. Thus, during this phase, the amount of DNA in the cell has effectively doubled, though the ploidy of the cell remains the same. Rates of RNA transcription and protein synthesis are very low during this phase. An exception to this is histone production, most of which occurs during the S phase. G2 phase occurs after DNA replication and is a period of protein synthesis and rapid cell growth to prepare the cell for mitosis. During this phase microtubules begin to reorganize to form

levels in S and at their lowest near mitosis. Cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells. In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods. The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication. DNA replication occurs during the C period. The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and

Interphase
Interphase Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other ""normal"" cell functions. The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase. This phase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living, and preparing for

"Neuronal cell cycle"
Neuronal cell cycle The Cell Cycle represents the life cycle of the biological cell, its creation, reproduction and eventual death. The process by which cells divide into two daughter cells is called mitosis. Once these cells are formed they enter G1, the phase in which many of the proteins needed to replicate DNA are made. After G1, the cells enter S phase during which the DNA is replicated. After S, the cell will enter G2 where the proteins required for mitosis to occur are synthesized. Unlike most cell types however, neurons are generally considered incapable of proliferating once they are

Acronym
initialism (or alphabetism)an abbreviation formed from a string of initials (and possibly pronounced as individual letters). Some dictionaries include additional senses equating ""acronym"" with ""initialism"". The distinction, when made, hinges on whether the abbreviation is pronounced as a word or as a string of individual letters. Examples in reference works that make the distinction include ""NATO"" , ""scuba"" , and ""radar"" for acronyms; and ""FBI"" , ""CRT"" , and ""HTML"" for initialisms. The rest of this article uses ""acronym"" for both types of abbreviation. The distinction is not well-maintained. According to ""Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage"": ""A number of commentators

"Post-nominal letters"
Post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that that individual holds a position, academic degree, accreditation, office, military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation.

Acronym
Acronym An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components of a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in ""NATO"" or ""laser"") and sometimes syllables (as in ""Benelux""). There are no universal standards for the multiple names for such abbreviations or for their orthographic styling. In English and most other languages, such abbreviations historically had limited use, but they became much more common in the 20th century. Acronyms are a type of word formation process, and they are viewed as a subtype of blending. Whereas an abbreviation may be any type of

Monogram
a rebus, as a form of Japanese wordplay or visual pun. Today they are most often seen in corporate logos or product logos. Monogram A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos. A series of uncombined initials is properly referred to as a cypher (e.g. a royal cypher) and is not a monogram. Monograms first appeared on coins, as early as 350BC. The earliest known examples are

while ""fellowships and memberships"" may be listed for professional bodies. Examples of post-nominal letters: Post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that that individual holds a position, academic degree, accreditation, office, military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name

Acronym
the genitive case would be written as ""BhBC Alba"", with the acronym pronounced ""VBC"". Likewise, the Gaelic acronym for ""television"" (""gd: telebhisean"") is ""TBh"", pronounced ""TV"", as in English. Acronym An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components of a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in ""NATO"" or ""laser"") and sometimes syllables (as in ""Benelux""). There are no universal standards for the multiple names for such abbreviations or for their orthographic styling. In English and most other languages, such abbreviations historically had limited use, but they became much more common

Monogram
Monogram A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos. A series of uncombined initials is properly referred to as a cypher (e.g. a royal cypher) and is not a monogram. Monograms first appeared on coins, as early as 350BC. The earliest known examples are of the names of Greek cities which issued the coins, often the first two letters of the city's name. For example, the monogram

Acronym
example, the terms ""URL"" and ""IRA"" can be pronounced as individual letters: and , respectively; or as a single word: and , respectively. The spelled-out form of an acronym or initialism (that is, what it stands for) is called its ""expansion"". Acronymy, like retronymy, is a linguistic process that has existed throughout history but for which there was little to no naming, conscious attention, or systematic analysis until relatively recent times. Like retronymy, it became much more common in the 20th century than it had formerly been. Ancient examples of acronymy (regardless of whether there was metalanguage at the time

Acronym
Maria and Anastasia"". In Swahili, acronyms are common for naming organizations such as ""TUKI"", which stands for "" (the Institute for Swahili Research). Multiple initial letters (often the initial syllable of words) are often drawn together, as seen more in some languages than others. In Vietnamese, which has an abundance of compound words, initialisms are very commonly used for both proper and common nouns. Examples include ""TP.HCM"" (', Ho Chi Minh City), ""THPT"" (', high school), ""CLB"" (', club), ""CSDL"" (', database), ""NXB"" (', publisher), ""ÔBACE"" (', a general form of address), and ""CTTĐVN"" (', Vietnamese Martyrs). Longer examples include

Acronym
to describe it) include the following: During the mid- to late 19th century, an acronym-disseminating trend spread through the American and European business communities: abbreviating corporation names —such as on the sides of railroad cars (e.g., ""Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad"" → ""RF&P""); on the sides of barrels and crates; and on ticker tape and in the small-print newspaper stock listings that got their data from it (e.g. American Telephone and Telegraph Company → AT&T). Some well-known commercial examples dating from the 1890s through 1920s include ""Nabisco"" (""National Biscuit Company""), ""Esso"" (from ""S.O."", from ""Standard Oil""), and ""Sunoco"" (""Sun Oil

"Oh Daddy (Fleetwood Mac song)"
Oh Daddy (Fleetwood Mac song) ""Oh Daddy"" is a song written by Christine McVie that was first performed by the British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac as the tenth song off their 1977 album ""Rumours"". It was also released as a single in Japan. According to McVie, ""Oh Daddy"" was written for the band's drummer, Mick Fleetwood. At the time, Fleetwood was the only father of the band, with two daughters. Fleetwood has listed the song as one of his favorite Fleetwood Mac songs of all time. However, both Lindsey Buckingham's former girlfriend Carol Ann Harris and Stevie Nicks' biographer Zoe

"Annie's Song"
Annie's Song ""Annie's Song"" (also known as ""Annie's Song (You Fill Up My Senses)"") is a folk rock and country song recorded and written by singer-songwriter John Denver. The song was released as a single from Denver's album, ""Back Home Again"". It was his second number-one song in the United States, occupying that spot for two weeks in July 1974. ""Annie's Song"" also went to number one on the Easy Listening chart. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 25 song for 1974. It went to number one in the United Kingdom, where it was Denver's only major hit single (many

"I Ain't Got Nobody"
of this song by double pairing it with the popular Spanish song, ""María de la O"". Catalog of Copyright Entries, Part 3, Musical Compositions I Ain't Got Nobody ""I Ain't Got Nobody"" (sometimes referred to as ""I'm So Sad and Lonely"") is a popular song copyrighted in 1915. Roger A. Graham (1885–1938) wrote the lyrics, Spencer Williams composed it, and Roger Graham Music Publishing published it. It became a perennial standard, recorded many times over following generations, in styles ranging from pop to jazz to country music. Chicago and Saint Louis ragtime pianist and blues composer Charles Warfield (1878–1955) claimed

I Ain't Got Nobody ""I Ain't Got Nobody"" (sometimes referred to as ""I'm So Sad and Lonely"") is a popular song copyrighted in 1915. Roger A. Graham (1885–1938) wrote the lyrics, Spencer Williams composed it, and Roger Graham Music Publishing published it. It became a perennial standard, recorded many times over following generations, in styles ranging from pop to jazz to country music. Chicago and Saint Louis ragtime pianist and blues composer Charles Warfield (1878–1955) claimed to have originally written the song and a copyright dated April 1914 attributes Warfield as the composer, David Young as the lyricist, and Marie

"Oh No Not My Baby"
Boone, Julie Budd, Eydie Gormé, Odyssey and The 1970s made for TV band The Partridge Family. The introductory riff to Maxine Brown's version was utilised by Gabriella Cilmi on her single ""Sanctuary"". She & Him recorded a version for their 2014 album Classics. Oh No Not My Baby ""Oh No Not My Baby"" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. The song's lyrics describe how friends and family repeatedly warn the singer about a partner's infidelities. The song is regarded as an American standard due to its long-time popularity with both music listeners and recording artists. The

"Oops (Oh My)"
Oops (Oh My) ""Oops (Oh My)"" is a song by American singer Tweet from her debut studio album, ""Southern Hummingbird"" (2002). It features vocals from American rapper Missy ""Misdemeanor"" Elliott, who co-wrote the song with Tweet, while production was handled by Timbaland. The song was released on January 11, 2002, as the album's lead single. ""Oops (Oh My)"" was a commercial success in the United States, peaking at number seven on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and topping ""Billboard""s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Additionally, it reached number five on the UK Singles Chart. English electropop band Ladytron covered the song on their

"Sandy Edmonds"
Stebbing to watch her perform. Equally impressed, Webb signed Edmondson to appear on the television series, ""New Faces"", while Stebbing signed her to a two-year recording contract with Zodiac Records. In 1965, she started working under the name Sandy Edmonds, and released her debut single, ""Oh No Not My Baby"" b/w ""I Don't Understand"". To promote the single, Edmonds toured within New Zealand, being backed by The Pleazers. In her recording career, Edmonds' singles sold successfully, however, the ""Official New Zealand Music Chart"" at the time only showcased a Top 20 based on voting, so none of her records charted.

Oh No Not My Baby ""Oh No Not My Baby"" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. The song's lyrics describe how friends and family repeatedly warn the singer about a partner's infidelities. The song is regarded as an American standard due to its long-time popularity with both music listeners and recording artists. The first released version of ""Oh No Not My Baby"" was by Maxine Brown, according to whom the song had first been recorded by her Scepter Records' roster-mates the Shirelles with the group's members alternating leads, an approach which had rendered the song unreleasable.

"Carnie Wilson"
20 hits in the United States before disbanding in 1993. Carnie & Wendy Wilson continued to record together, releasing the Christmas album ""Hey Santa!"" in 1993. They joined with their father for a critically successful (yet commercially unsuccessful) 1997 album, ""The Wilsons"". She also sang ""Our Time Has Come"" with James Ingram for the 1997 animated film ""Cats Don't Dance"". In 2003, Carnie attempted to launch a solo music career with the album ""For the First Time."" The album featured a remake of the Olivia DiNucci-penned Samantha Mumba ballad ""Don't Need You To (Tell Me I'm Pretty),"" retitled ""I Don't

"Nobody's Child (song)"
used it as the title track on her album. In 1969 Hank Williams Jr. did a version of it that made it to #46 on the US Country charts. The Traveling Wilburys' 1990 version made it to #44 on the UK charts. The song lyrics are about an orphan whom no one wants to adopt because he is blind: ""I'm nobody's child, I'm nobody's child""<br> ""Just like a flower I'm growing wild""<br> ""No mommy's kisses and no daddy's smile""<br> ""Nobody wants me, I'm nobody's child"" The Traveling Wilburys version of ""Nobody's Child"" was the first track on the benefit album

"Bernard Hill"
Bernard Hill Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is an English film, stage and television actor. He is known for playing Yosser Hughes, the troubled 'hard man' whose life is falling apart in Alan Bleasdale's groundbreaking 1980s TV drama ""Boys from the Blackstuff"" and, more recently, as the Duke of Norfolk in the BBC adaptation of Dame Hilary Mantel's ""Wolf Hall"". He is also known for roles in blockbuster films, including Captain Edward Smith in ""Titanic"", King Théoden in ""The Lord of the Rings"" film trilogy and Luther Plunkitt, the Warden of San Quentin Prison in the Clint Eastwood film

"Philip Stone"
Other film roles included parts in ""Thunderball"", ""Where Eagles Dare"", ""Quest for Love"", ""Flash Gordon"" and ""Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom"". In the 1978 Ralph Bakshi's animated film ""The Lord of the Rings"", he voiced the role of Théoden. Stone also appeared in many popular TV series, including the very first ""Avengers"" episode, ""Dalziel and Pascoe"", ""A Touch of Frost"", ""Heartbeat"", ""Yes Minister"" and ""Coronation Street"". Stone was married to Margaret Pickard until her death in 1984. Stone died in Ealing, London in 2003, aged 79. Philip Stone Philip Stone (14 April 1924 – 15 June 2003) was

"Théoden"
the Rings"", Théoden's death is described in song rather than dramatized conventionally. In this adaptation he is voiced by Jack May. Théoden is an important character in Peter Jackson's film adaption of the ""Lord of the Rings"" trilogy. As in the books, the character (played by Bernard Hill) first makes an appearance in """" (2002). However, unlike in the books, the Lord of the Mark is actually possessed and prematurely aged by Saruman (Christopher Lee). Gandalf (Ian McKellen) releases him from the spell, instantly restoring him to his true age, after which Théoden banishes Gríma Wormtongue (Brad Dourif) from Edoras.

"Sean Bean"
Sean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of ""Romeo and Juliet"" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series ""Sharpe"". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"", and won both a BAFTA and an International Emmy, both for Best Actor. He has also been

I'm a double doctor. But this was wonderful, especially from my home city."" Sean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of ""Romeo and Juliet"" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series ""Sharpe"". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"", and won both a

the urging of Gandalf after receiving reports that the approaching foes were a vastly superior force. When the fortress seems on the verge of falling after a night of overwhelming attacks, Théoden is near despair in the film until Aragorn (Viggo Mortensen) convinces him to mount his horse and lead a charge out of the Hornburg at sunrise. In the book, this recklessly valiant counter-attack is made at Théoden's initiative. In the movie version ""The Return of the King"", Théoden initially refuses to aid Gondor because they did not send help to Helm's Deep. (The film does not mention the

"Robert Hardy"
a home for retired actors. Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy (29 October 1925 – 3 August 2017) was an English actor who had a long career in the theatre, film and television. He began his career as a classical actor and later earned widespread recognition for roles such as Siegfried Farnon in the BBC television series ""All Creatures Great and Small"", Cornelius Fudge in the ""Harry Potter"" film series and Winston Churchill in several productions, beginning with the Southern Television series """". He was nominated for the BAFTA for Best Actor for ""All Creatures Great and Small"" in 1980

"Alfie Allen"
History Channel titled ""Football: A Brief History"" exploring the roots of Association Football and his take on the British game. He is a self-confessed Arsenal fan while his father supports Fulham. Part of the filming took Allen to Scottish football club Rangers. Alfie Allen Alfie Allen (born 12 September 1986) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying Theon Greyjoy in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"" since 2011. Allen was born in Hammersmith, London, the son of film producer Alison Owen and Welsh-born actor Keith Allen. His older sister is singer Lily Allen; her song ""Alfie"" is

"Anthony Hopkins"
Anthony Hopkins Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor, director, and producer. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1992, and was nominated three additional times. Hopkins has also won three BAFTA Awards, two Emmys, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. In 1993, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts. Hopkins received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003, and in 2008, he received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. After graduating from the Royal Welsh

"Ian McKellen"
to a minimum. He also took part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony in London as Prospero from Shakespeare's ""The Tempest"". Notes Ian McKellen Sir Ian Murray McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BIF Award, two Saturn Awards, four Drama Desk Awards, and two Critics' Choice Awards. He has also received two Oscar nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations. McKellen's career spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular

Belarus
Belarus Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy

"Geography of Romania"
Geography of Romania With an area of 238,400 square kilometers, Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe. Located in Southeastern Europe, bordering on the Black Sea, the country is halfway between the equator and the North Pole and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the Atlantic Coast—and the most easterly—the Ural Mountains. Romania has 3,195 kilometers of border. Republic of Moldova and Ukraine lie to the east, Bulgaria lies to the south, and Serbia and Hungary to the west. In the southeast, 245 kilometers of sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Black Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Traditionally

"Geography of Belarus"
Geography of Belarus Belarus, a landlocked, generally flat country (the average elevation is above sea level) without natural borders, occupies an area of , or slightly smaller than the United Kingdom or the state of Kansas. Its neighbors are Russia to the east and northeast, Latvia to the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, and Ukraine to the south. Its extension from north to south is , from west to east is . Belarus's level terrain is broken up by the Belarusian Range (Byelaruskaya Hrada), a swathe of elevated territory of individual highlands, that runs diagonally through

Belarus
a much relaxed official attitude to dissident voices are all part of a weakening of the longtime warm relationship with Russia. Belarus lies between latitudes 51° and 57° N, and longitudes 23° and 33° E. Its extension from north to south is , from west to east is . It is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. About 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. Many streams and 11,000 lakes are found in Belarus. Three major rivers run through the country: the Neman, the Pripyat, and the Dnieper. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea

Romania
Romania Romania ( ; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the 12th largest country and also the 7th most populous member state of the European Union, having almost 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest and other major urban areas include

Belarus
to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and the east, and Ukraine to the south. Treaties in 1995 and 1996 demarcated Belarus's borders with Latvia and Lithuania, and Belarus ratified a 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border in 2009. Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007. Belarus is a presidential republic, governed by a president and the National Assembly. The term for each presidency is five years. Under the 1994 constitution, the president could serve for only two terms as president, but a change in the constitution in 2004 eliminated term limits.

Belarus
that linked to the Lattelecom, TEO LT, Tata Communications (former Teleglobe), Synterra, Rostelecom, Transtelekom and MTS ISP's. Beltelecom is the only operator licensed to provide commercial VoIP services in Belarus. Belarus has four UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sites: the Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha (shared with Poland), and the Struve Geodetic Arc (shared with nine other countries). Belarus Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland

"Belarus–Lithuania border"
Belarus–Lithuania border The Belarus–Lithuania border is an international border almost 679 km in length between Republic of Belarus (CIS member) and Republic of Lithuania (EU member) and also serves as an outer border of the European Union and the eastern border of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The border is defined by the treaty of February 6, 1995 between the two countries. Ground demarcation of the border was complete in 2007. 380 km of the border is on land, while 299 are on water, crossing lakes, e.g. Lake Drūkšiai and following some rivers, e.g. Dysna River and Neman River. The

"Geography of Moldova"
Geography of Moldova Located in Eastern Europe, Moldova is bordered on the west and southwest by Romania and on the north, south, and east by Ukraine. Most of its territory lies between the area's two main rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. The Dniester forms a small part of Moldova's border with Ukraine in the northeast and southeast, but it mainly flows through the eastern part of the country, separating Bessarabia and Transnistria. The Prut River forms Moldova's entire western boundary with Romania. The Danube touches the Moldovan border at its southernmost tip, and forms the border for . Moldova's

Belarus
rated as by far the worst country for press freedom in Europe in the 2013–14 Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders, which ranks Belarus 157th out of 180 nations. In 2000, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty for greater cooperation, forming the Union State. Over 70% of Belarus's population of 9.49 million resides in urban areas. More than 80% of the population is ethnic Belarusian, with sizable minorities of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians. Since a referendum in 1995, the country has had two official languages: Belarusian and Russian. The Constitution of Belarus does not declare any official religion,

"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1"
due to what David Heyman called ""creative imperative"". Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea, but Wigram asked, ""No, David. How are we going to do it?"". After rereading the book and discussing it with screenwriter Steve Kloves, he agreed with the division. The production filmed at Dartford Crossing for the dramatic chase where Hagrid and Harry are being ambushed by Death Eaters. Stuart Craig, set designer for all of the previous ""Harry Potter"" films, returned for the final two parts. He said, ""We made a very different kind of film, which was shot a great deal on location. We

"Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"
the shooting schedule was set at 250 days, the filming took 478 days to complete. Radcliffe, Grint, and Watson all openly wept on the last day, which seemed to end their ten years of work on the films. However, reshoots were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010 for the film's final scene, ""19 Years Later"", which originally took place in London at King's Cross station. The filming was completed in December 2010, marking the franchise's official closure of ten years of filming. During production at Leavesden, Radcliffe's stunt double David Holmes suffered a serious spinal injury during the

respectively, reprising roles as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to ""Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"" and is followed by the concluding entry, ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"". The story follows Harry Potter who has been tasked by Dumbledore with finding and destroying Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality – the Horcruxes. Filming began on and was completed on . ""Part 1"" was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats worldwide on 19 November 2010. In the film's worldwide opening weekend, ""Part 1"" grossed $330 million, the third-highest in the

we go along."" In October 2009, Ralph Fiennes started filming his role as Lord Voldemort. Many of the adult actors also prepared for filming during that period. The crew also shot on location, with Swinley Forest being the main outdoor filming area, along with the village of Lavenham in Suffolk and the streets of the city of London. On , filming finished in Pinewood Studios. However, Leavesden Studios was still occupied for further filming. Both Part 1 and Part 2 were filmed over a one and a half-year period throughout the United Kingdom, finishing on 12 June 2010. Even though

began on , while filming began on at Leavesden Studios, where the previous six instalments were filmed. Pinewood Studios became the second studio location for shooting the seventh film. Bruno Delbonnel, the cinematographer for the sixth film, opted not to work on ""Deathly Hallows"", as he was afraid of repeating himself. Eduardo Serra was chosen to be the cinematographer for both Part 1 and Part 2. Director David Yates said that the films would be shot with ""loads of hand-held cameras."" He stated, ""I want to shake things up every time I go into this world. I like experimenting as

insists that they bury Dobby without any magic. Meanwhile, Voldemort breaks into Dumbledore's tomb and steals the Elder Wand, revealed to have been in Dumbledore's possession. ""Part 1"" was filmed back-to-back with ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010. Director David Yates, who shot the film alongside director of photography Eduardo Serra, described Part 1 as ""quite real""; a ""road movie"" that's ""almost like a vérité documentary"". Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name and features an ensemble cast. The film, which is the seventh and penultimate instalment in the ""Harry Potter"" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson,

shot back-to-back; principal photography began on and was completed on , with reshoots in December 2010 marking the series' closure of ten years of filming. Part 1 was released in 2D and IMAX on 19 November 2010, and Part 2 was released in 3D, 2D and IMAX on . The idea to divide J. K. Rowling's final book into two parts came from ""creative imperative"" and was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram. David Heyman initially responded negatively, but Wigram asked, ""No, David. How are we going to do it?"". Having reread the book and discussed it with Steve Kloves

"Windsor Great Park"
featured on the cover and inner booklet of the 1978 Elton John album ""A Single Man"". The Crown Estate has allowed the use of the Park as a filming location and the Great Park has been used on ""Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince"", ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"" (""Parts 1"" and ""2""), ""Pirates of the Caribbean"", Sir Ridley Scott's ""Robin Hood"", and ""Snow White and the Huntsman"". In 2014 the Park was used as a location for ""Into the Woods"". ""The King's Speech"" made extensive use of Cumberland Lodge. """" was on location in the South Forest

"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)"
Further filming took place in Surbiton railway station in October 2007, Gloucester Cathedral, where the first and second films were shot, in February 2008, and at the Millennium Bridge in London in March 2008. Due to cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel's use of de-focussing and soft wipes in the digital grade, Warner Bros. asked director David Yates to add more colours to the film. Yates didn't want to lose the ""very European look"" of the film, but after retouching the picture, he said, ""It's not what you wanted, but we're happy with it."" After five minutes of watching the film, the studio

rather than to local markets. In assessing this complex economic situation, it is important to consider all sources of income available to these farms; for instance, the millions of dollars in farm subsidies which the United States government offers each year. As fuel prices rise, foods shipped to national and international markets are already rising in price. In 2012, the United States had 2,039,093 family farms (as defined by USDA), accounting for 97 percent of all farms and 89 percent of census farm area in the United States. Because of the predominance of family farms, the types of farming conducted

"Farmers' market"
typical farmers' market are lower than prices at a supermarket because the process of production is more concise; there is less distance to travel and fewer middlemen. Due in part to the increased interest in healthier foods, a greater desire to preserve local cultivars or livestock (some of which may not be up to commercial shipping or yield standards) and an increased understanding of the importance of maintaining small, sustainable farms on the fringe of urban environments, farmers' markets in the US have grown from 1,755 in 1994 to 4,385 in 2006, to 5,274 in 2009, to 8,144 in 2013.

"Dairy Farmers of America"
Dairy Farmers of America Dairy Farmers of America Inc. (DFA) is a national milk marketing cooperative in the United States. It is owned by and serves more than 14,500 dairy farmer-members representing more than 8,500 dairy farms in 48 states. DFA markets members' raw milk and sells milk and derivative products (dairy products, food components, ingredients and shelf-stable dairy products) to wholesale buyers both domestically and abroad. Net sales in 2016 were $13.5 billion, representing about 22 percent of raw milk production in the United States. DFA's headquarters were moved to Kansas City, Kansas, in 2017. DFA is divided into

"Agriculture in the United States"
in agriculture. , less than 2 percent of the population is directly employed in agriculture. In 2012, there were 3.2 million farmers, ranchers and other agricultural managers and an estimated 757,900 agricultural workers were legally employed in the US. Animal breeders accounted for 11,500 of those workers with the rest categorized as miscellaneous agricultural workers. The median pay was $9.12 per hour or $18,970 per year. In 2009, about 519,000 people under age 20 worked on farms owned by their family. In addition to the youth who lived on family farms, an additional 230,000 youth were employed in agriculture. In

as the basis of rural society and social stability. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, ninety-eight percent of all farms in the U.S. are family farms. Two percent of farms are not family farms, and those two percent make up fourteen percent of total agricultural output in the United States, although half of them have total sales of less than $50,000 per year. Overall, ninety-one percent of farms in the United States are considered ""small family farms"" (with sales of less than $250,000 per year), and those farms produce twenty-seven percent of U.S. agricultural output. Depending on the

"Organic farming by country"
approximately a 0.6 percent share of the total agricultural area. There are 12,064 organic farms. The major part of the organic land is in the US (1.6 million hectares in 2005). Seven percent of the world’s organic agricultural land is in North America. Valued at more than 20 billion US Dollars in 2007 (Organic Monitor), the North American market accounted for 45 percent of global revenues. Growing consumer demand for healthy & nutritious foods and increasing distribution in conventional grocery channels are the major drivers of market growth. The U.S. organic industry grew 21 percent in sales in 2006, and

"Food cooperative"
claim 485,000 total members in the United States, with 290 total stores. However, differences in definition can lead to measurement discrepancies, depending on what exactly one defines as a food based cooperative, since many cooperatives operate in the food sector, but are not restricted to groceries. For example, “Farm supply and marketing” cooperative members totaled 2.484 million in the US. In general, cooperatives are formed by a core group of members who form the initial governing body. These members must contribute enough in initial membership fees to get the grocery store off the ground and finance startup costs, such as

and musculoskeletal injury), work-related lung diseases, noise-induced hearing loss, skin diseases, chemical-related illnesses, and certain cancers associated with chemical use and prolonged sun exposure. In an average year, 516 workers die doing farm work in the U.S. (1992–2005). Every day, about 243 agricultural workers suffer lost-work-time injuries, and about 5% of these result in permanent impairment. Tractor overturns are the leading cause of agriculture-related fatal injuries, and account for over 90 deaths every year. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends the use of roll over protection structures on tractors to reduce the risk of overturn-related fatal injuries.

Agriculture in the United States Agriculture is a major industry in the United States, which is a net exporter of food. As of the 2007 census of agriculture, there were 2.2 million farms, covering an area of , an average of per farm. Although agricultural activity occurs in every state in the union, it is particularly concentrated in the Great Plains, a vast expanse of flat, arable land in the center of the nation in the region around the Great Lakes known as the Corn Belt. The U.S. was a leader in seed improvement i.e. hybridization and in expanding uses

Microbrewery
restrictions. As a result of deregulation, homebrewing became a popular hobby in the 1980s and 1990s, and, in the mid-1990s, homebrewers launched business ventures based on home-based hobby brewing. In 1979, 89 breweries existed in the U.S.—the Brewers Association reports that in March 2013 a total of 2,416 U.S. breweries were in operation, with 2,360 considered craft breweries (98 percent—1,124 brewpubs, 1,139 microbreweries, and 97 regional craft breweries). By 2015, the number of U.S. craft breweries had grown to over 4,000. Additionally, craft brewers sold more than of beer, which represented approximately 7.8% of the U.S. market by volume. In

Meninges
arranged, fibroelastic layer of cells, characterized by multiple interdigitating cell processes, no extracellular collagen, and significant extracellular spaces. The middle region is a mostly fibrous portion. It consists of two layers: the endosteal layer, which lies closest to the calvaria (skullcap), and the inner meningeal layer, which lies closer to the brain. It contains larger blood vessels that split into the capillaries in the pia mater. It is composed of dense fibrous tissue, and its inner surface is covered by flattened cells like those present on the surfaces of the pia mater and arachnoid mater. The dura mater is a

Meninges
loosely fitting sac. In particular, in the region of the brain a large number of fine filaments called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid through the subarachnoid space to blend with the tissue of the pia mater. The arachnoid is composed of an outermost portion (arachnoid barrier cell layer) with tightly packed cells and no extracellular collagen; that is why it is considered to represent an effective morphological and physiological meningeal barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and subarachnoid space and the blood circulation in the dura. The arachnoid barrier layer is characterized by a distinct continuous basal lamina on its

Meninges
cord. Spaces are formed from openings at different points along the subarachnoid space; these are the subarachnoid cisterns, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The dura mater is attached to the skull, whereas in the spinal cord, the dura mater is separated from the vertebrae by a space called the epidural space, which contains fat and blood vessels. The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the dura mater and the arachnoid separate through injury or illness, the space between them is the subdural space. There is

Meninges
a subpial space underneath the pia mater that separates it from the glia limitans. Injuries involving the meninges, can result in a hemorrhage and two types of hematoma. Other medical conditions that affect the meninges include meningitis (usually from a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection) and meningiomas that arise from the meninges, or from meningeal carcinomatoses (tumors) that form elsewhere in the body and metastasize to the meninges. In fish, there is a single membrane known as the primitive meninx. Amphibians, and reptiles have two meninges, and birds and mammals have three. In the early 1900s, Giuseppe Sterzi, an Italian

Meninges
sac that envelops the arachnoid mater and surrounds and supports the large dural sinuses carrying blood from the brain toward the heart. The dura has four areas of infolding: The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, so named because of its spider web-like appearance. It cushions the central nervous system. This thin, transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, is covered by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid. The shape of the arachnoid does not follow the convolutions of the surface of the brain and so looks like a

Meningitis
migraine may cause meningitis, but this diagnosis is usually only made when other causes have been eliminated. The meninges comprise three membranes that, together with the cerebrospinal fluid, enclose and protect the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). The pia mater is a very delicate impermeable membrane that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain, following all the minor contours. The arachnoid mater (so named because of its spider-web-like appearance) is a loosely fitting sac on top of the pia mater. The subarachnoid space separates the arachnoid and pia mater membranes and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Meninges
inner surface toward the innermost collagenous portion of the arachnoid reticular layer. The pia mater () is a very delicate membrane. It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following all of the brain's contours (the gyri and sulci). It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries nourish the brain. The arachnoid and pia mater

Meninges
the same animals, Sterzi demonstrated that, while in the spinal medulla the dura keeps its identity, in the skull it fuses with the periosteum. He also demonstrated the continuity of all meninges with the envelopes of nerves and with the filum terminale. Mammals (as higher vertebrates) retain the dura mater, and the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and pia mater. Meninges The meninges (, ""singular:"" meninx ( or ), from , ""adjectival:"" meningeal ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia

Meninges
Meninges The meninges (, ""singular:"" meninx ( or ), from , ""adjectival:"" meningeal ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system. The dura mater () (also rarely called ""meninx fibrosa"" or ""pachymeninx"") is a thick, durable membrane, closest to the skull and vertebrae. The dura mater, the outermost part, is a loosely

Meninges
anatomist, carried out comparative studies on the meninges from the lancelet to the human. Contrary to previous reports, the spinal meninges were seen to be very simple, both in the adult lower vertebrates and in the early developmental stages of the more advanced vertebrates. From the mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube only a single leaflet forms the primitive meninx. In the following phylogenetic and ontogenetic stages, the latter divides into an internal leaflet: the secondary meninx, and into an external one: the dura mater. Finally, in higher vertebrates, even the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and the pia. In

"Mušmaḫḫū"
slew in the second of his Twelve labours. An engraved shell of the Early Dynastic period shows Ninğirsu slaying the seven-headed ""mušmaḫḫū"". In the Epic of Creation, Enûma Eliš, Tiāmat gives birth (""alādu"") to mythical serpents, described as ""mušmaḫḫū"", ""with sharp teeth, merciless fangs, instead of blood she filled their bodies with venom"". Mušmaḫḫū Mušmaḫḫū, inscribed in Sumerian as MUŠ.MAḪ, Akkadian as ""muš-ma-ḫu"", meaning ""Exalted/distinguished Serpent"", was an ancient Mesopotamian mythological hybrid of serpent, lion and bird, sometimes identified with the seven-headed serpent slain by Ninurta in the mythology of the Sumerian period. He is one of the three horned

Mušmaḫḫū Mušmaḫḫū, inscribed in Sumerian as MUŠ.MAḪ, Akkadian as ""muš-ma-ḫu"", meaning ""Exalted/distinguished Serpent"", was an ancient Mesopotamian mythological hybrid of serpent, lion and bird, sometimes identified with the seven-headed serpent slain by Ninurta in the mythology of the Sumerian period. He is one of the three horned snakes, with his companions, Bašmu and Ušumgallu, with whom he may have shared a common mythological origin. In ""Angim"" or ""Ninurta's return to Nippur"", the storm god describes one of his weapons as ""the seven-mouthed muš-mah serpent"" (line 138), reminiscent of the Greek myth of Heracles and the seven headed Lernaean Hydra he

Hyrax
life, similar to rodents. The four lower incisors are deeply grooved 'comb teeth'. A diastema occurs between the incisors and the cheek teeth. The dental formula for hyraxes is . Although not ruminants, hyraxes have complex, multichambered stomachs that allow symbiotic bacteria to break down tough plant materials, but their overall ability to digest fibre is lower than that of the ungulates. Their mandibular motions (see video) are deceptively similar to chewing cud, but the hyrax is physically incapable of regurgitation as in the even-toed ungulates and the merycism of some of the macropods. This behaviour is referred to in

Elapidae
movement. They spend much of their time on land, where they lay their eggs as well as digest prey. The fangs, which are enlarged and hollow, are the first two teeth on each maxillary bone. Usually only one fang is in place on each side at any time. The maxilla is intermediate in both length and mobility between typical colubrids (long, less mobile) and viperids (very short, highly mobile). When the mouth is closed, the fangs fit into grooved slots in the buccal floor and usually below the front edge of the eye and are angled backwards; some elapids (""Acanthophis"",

Hyrax
a passage in the Bible which describes hyraxes as chewing the cud. This chewing behaviour may be a form of agonistic behaviour when the animal feels threatened. Hyraxes inhabit rocky terrain across sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Their feet have rubbery pads with numerous sweat glands, which may help the animal maintain its grip when quickly moving up steep, rocky surfaces. Hyraxes have stumpy toes with hoof-like nails; there are four toes on each front foot and three on each back foot. They also have efficient kidneys, retaining water so that they can better survive in arid environments. Female

Elapidae
look similar to the Colubridae: almost all have long and slender bodies with smooth scales, a head covered with large shields and not always distinct from the neck, and eyes with round pupils. In addition, their behavior is usually quite active, and most are oviparous. Exceptions to all these generalizations occur: e.g. the death adders (""Acanthophis"") include short and fat, rough-scaled, very broad-headed, cat-eyed, live-bearing, sluggish ambush predators with partly fragmented head shields. Some elapids are strongly arboreal (African ""Pseudohaje"" and ""Dendroaspis"", Australian ""Hoplocephalus""), while many others are more or less specialised burrowers (e.g. ""Ogmodon"", ""Parapistocalamus"", ""Simoselaps"", ""Toxicocalamus"", and ""Vermicella"")

Elapidae
Elapidae The Elapidae ( ""éllops"", ""sea-fish"") are a family of venomous snakes found in the tropics and subtropics around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, North America and South America as well as marine forms in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Elapid snakes exhibit a wide range of sizes, from species of ""Drysdalia"" to the king cobra. All elapids are characterized by hollow, fixed fangs through which they inject venom. All elapids have a pair of proteroglyphous fangs used to inject venom from glands located towards the rear of the upper jaws. In outward appearance, terrestrial elapids

Haemadipsidae
known from subtropical and tropical regions around the Indian and Pacific Ocean. Well-known Haemadipsidae are for example the Indian Leech (""Haemadipsa sylvestris"") and the ""yamabiru"" or Japanese Mountain Leech (""Haemadipsa zeylanica""). Members of the family feed on blood, except ""Idiobdella"" which has adapted to eat small snails. The other notable group of jawed blood-sucking leeches are the aquatic Hirudinidae. The Xerobdellidae are sometimes included in the Haemadipsidae, but their status as a distinct family is supported by sequence analysis of the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial COI genes as well as the anatomy of their sexual organs and

Hyrax
females. Hyraxes have highly charged myoglobin, which has been inferred to reflect an aquatic ancestry. Hyraxes share several unusual characteristics with elephants and the Sirenia (manatees and dugongs), which have resulted in their all being placed in the taxon Paenungulata. Male hyraxes lack a scrotum and their testicles remain tucked up in their abdominal cavity next to the kidneys, the same as in elephants, manatees, and dugongs. Female hyraxes have a pair of teats near their armpits (axilla), as well as four teats in their groin (inguinal area); elephants have a pair of teats near their axillae, and dugongs and

Eremobates
to hunt and defend themselves, feeding and caring for them. ""Eremobates"" are generally found in western United States of America, and at northern end into southwestern Canada, and south into Mexico. The genus ""Eremobates"" contains the following species: Eremobates Eremobates is a genus of arachnids of the order Solifugae. About 2 inches long, this fast-moving arachnid has the largest jaw size to body ratio of any animal . It is not venomous, but has a remarkably powerful bite. Often hunting at night, it has poor eyesight and navigates mostly by use of a pair of pedipalps. They are solitary creatures,

Germany
Germany Germany ( ), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west. Germany includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With nearly 83 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia, the

Germany
1993. It is part of the Schengen Area and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the G20, and the OECD. Known for its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential and successful artists, philosophers, musicians, film people, sportspeople, entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, and inventors. Germany has a large number of World Heritage sites and is among the top tourism destinations in the world. The English word ""Germany"" derives from the Latin , which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples

Germany
most populous state lying entirely in Europe, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is a very decentralized country. Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country's busiest airport. Germany's largest urban area is the Ruhr, with its main centres of Dortmund and Essen. The country's other major cities are Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf, Leipzig, Dresden, Bremen, Hannover, and Nuremberg. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD.

Germany
Germany, sometimes referred to as ""Gründerzeit style"", due to the economical boom years at the end of the 19th century. Regional historicist styles include the ""Hanover School"", ""Nuremberg Style"" and Dresden's ""Semper-Nicolai School"". Among the most famous of German buildings, the Schloss Neuschwanstein represents Romanesque Revival. Notable sub-styles that evolved since the 18th century are the German spa and seaside resort architecture. German artists, writers and gallerists like Siegfried Bing, Georg Hirth and Bruno Möhring also contributed to the development of Art Nouveau at the turn of the 20th century, known as ""Jugendstil"" in German. Expressionist architecture developed in the

Germany
in their respective regions for centuries: There is a Danish minority (about 50,000) in the northernmost state of Schleswig-Holstein; the Sorbs, a Slavic population of about 60,000, are in the Lusatia region of Saxony and Brandenburg.; the Roma and Sinti live throughout country; and the Frisians are concentrated in Schleswig-Holstein's western coast and in the north-western part of Lower Saxony. Approximately 5 million Germans live abroad (""Auslandsdeutsche""). After the United States, Germany is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. , about ten million of Germany's 82 million residents did not have German citizenship, which makes up 12%

Germany
(""Deutsche Fachwerkstraße"") connects towns with examples of these structures. Germany's most-visited landmarks include e.g. Neuschwanstein Castle, Cologne Cathedral, Berlin Bundestag, Hofbräuhaus Munich, Heidelberg Castle, Dresden Zwinger, Fernsehturm Berlin and Aachen Cathedral. The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort. With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, rising to at least 81.9 million , Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the 16th most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at 227 inhabitants per square kilometre (588

Germany
the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 64th largest in the world. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at ) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (""Nordsee"") in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (""Ostsee"") in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: Wilstermarsch at below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Germany's alpine glaciers are experiencing deglaciation. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper,

"Culture of Germany"
visited destinations were Spain, Italy and Austria. Culture of Germany German culture has spanned the entire German-speaking world. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. Historically, Germany has been called ""Das Land der Dichter und Denker"" (the country of poets and thinkers). There are a number of public holidays in Germany. The country is particularly known for its traditional Oktoberfest celebrations in Munich, its carnival culture and globally influential Christmas customs known as Weihnachten. 3 October has been the national day of Germany since 1990, celebrated

Germany
Germany has a number of large cities. There are 11 officially recognised metropolitan regions in Germany. 34 cities have been identified as regiopolis. The largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr region (11.7 million ), including Düsseldorf (the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, and Bochum. Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the ""Grundgesetz"" (Basic Law). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human

Germany
natural gas, salt, nickel, arable land and water. Most of Germany has a temperate seasonal climate dominated by humid westerly winds. The country is situated in between the oceanic Western European and the continental Eastern European climate. The climate is moderated by the North Atlantic Drift, the northern extension of the Gulf Stream. This warmer water affects the areas bordering the North Sea; consequently in the northwest and the north the climate is oceanic. Germany gets an average of of precipitation per year; there is no consistent dry season. Winters are cool and summers tend to be warm: temperatures can

"Guantánamo Bay"
insists the Cuban–American Treaty was obtained by threat of force and is in violation of international law. Some legal scholars judge that the lease may be voidable. It is the home of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and the Guantanamo Bay detention camp located within the base, which are both governed by the United States. Since the 1959 revolution, Cuba has only cashed a single lease payment from the United States government. The United States first seized Guantánamo Bay and established a naval base there in 1898 during the Spanish–American War in the Battle of Guantánamo Bay. In 1903, the

"Guantanamo Bay detention camp"
the prison itself has been called into question. Guantanamo Bay was leased by Cuba to the American government through the ""Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations"", signed by the President of Cuba and the President of the United States on 23 February 1903. The post-1959 Cuban government has repudiated the agreement on the grounds that it was forced upon them by the United States and therefore was a not valid legal agreement. If the Cuban claims are correct, the entire facility is illegal. The lease agreement from 1903 says

"Guantanamo Bay Naval Base"
century, the base was used to house Cuban and Haitian refugees intercepted on the high seas. In the early 1990s, it held refugees who fled Haiti after military forces overthrew president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. These refugees were held in a detainment area called Camp Bulkeley until United States district court Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr. declared the camp unconstitutional on 8 June 1993. This decision was later vacated. The last Haitian migrants departed Guantanamo on 1 November 1995. Beginning in 2002, some months after the War on Terror started in response to the attacks of September 11, 2001, a small portion of

French were also forced to burn the ""Guespe"", another privateer, to prevent her capture. During the Spanish–American War, the U.S. Navy fleet attacking Santiago needed shelter from the summer hurricane season. They chose Guantánamo because of its excellent harbor. U.S. Marines landed with naval support in the 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay. As they moved inland, however, Spanish resistance increased and the marines required support from Cuban scouts. Guantanamo Bay was used as a processing center for asylum seekers and a camp for HIV positive refugees in the 1990s. Within six months the USA had interned over 30,000 Haitian refugees

United States and Cuba signed a lease granting the United States permission to use the land as a coaling and naval station. The lease satisfied the Platt Amendment; this amendment stated a naval base at ""certain specific points agreed upon by the President of the United States"" was needed to ""enable the United States to maintain independence of Cuba."" The bay was called Guantánamo by its original inhabitants, the Taínos. Christopher Columbus landed in 1494, naming it ""Puerto Grande"". On landing, Columbus' crew found Taíno fishermen preparing a feast for the local chieftain. When Spanish settlers took control of Cuba,

1962. From 1939, the base's water was supplied by pipelines that drew water from the Yateras River about northeast of the base. The U.S. government paid a fee for this; in 1964, it was about $14,000 a month for about per day. In 1964, the Cuban government stopped the flow. The base had about of water in storage, and strict water conservation was put into effect immediately. The U.S. first imported water from Jamaica by barge, then relocated a desalination plant from San Diego (Point Loma). When the Cuban government accused the United States of stealing water, base commander John

its trading partners free access through the bay, modified the lease payment from $2,000 in U.S. gold coins per year to the 1934 equivalent value of $4,085 in U.S. dollars, and made the lease permanent unless both governments agreed to break it or until the U.S. abandoned the base property. After the Cuban Revolution, Dwight D. Eisenhower insisted the status of the base remain unchanged, despite Fidel Castro's objections. Since then, the Cuban government has cashed only one of the rent checks from the U.S. government, and even then only because of ""confusion"" in the early days of the leftist

Guantanamo Bay detention camp The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, G-Bay, GTMO, Gitmo (), and America's Gulag, which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Since the inmates have been detained indefinitely without trial and several detainees have been tortured, the operations of this camp are considered to be a major breach of human rights by Amnesty International. The camp was established by President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror. His successor, President Barack Obama, promised that

45 Haitians were injured. The Guantanamo Bay Naval Base surrounds the southern portion of the bay. Since 2002, the base has included the detainment camp for individuals deemed of risk to United States national security. In 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama gave orders for the detention camp to be closed by January 22, 2010. , the detention camp remains open due to a congressional refusal of funds for its closure. The naval base, nicknamed ""GTMO"" or ""Gitmo,"" covers on the western and eastern banks of the bay. It was established in 1898, when the United States took control of Cuba

New York City, with the address: 115 FPO NY. The base was also an important intermediate distribution point for merchant shipping convoys from New York City and Key West, Florida, to the Panama Canal and the islands of Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Trinidad & Tobago. Until the 1953–59 revolution, thousands of Cubans commuted daily from outside the base to jobs within. In mid-1958, vehicular traffic was stopped; workers were required to walk through the base's several gates. Public Works Center buses were pressed into service almost overnight to carry the tides of workers to and from the gate. During the

"Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms"
the late Violation of it"", and will ""lay them down when Hostilities shall cease on the part of the Aggressors"". The very first sentence of the declaration includes a condemnation of slavery. In the 19th century, the authorship of the Declaration was disputed. In a collection of his works first published in 1801, John Dickinson took credit for writing the Declaration. This claim went unchallenged by Thomas Jefferson until many years later, when Jefferson was nearly 80 years old. In his autobiography, Jefferson claimed that he wrote the first draft, but Dickinson objected that it was too radical, and so

Jefferson's hand. Jefferson's original draft is preserved at the Library of Congress, complete with changes made by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, as well as Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is a signed copy that is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and which is popularly regarded as the official document. This engrossed copy was ordered by Congress on July 19 and signed primarily on August 2. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United

most assuredly we shall all hang separately."" The quotation did not appear in print until more than fifty years after Franklin's death. The Syng inkstand used at the signing was also used at the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787. After Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration on July 4, a handwritten copy was sent a few blocks away to the printing shop of John Dunlap. Through the night, Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides for distribution. Before long, it was being read to audiences and reprinted in newspapers throughout the 13 states. The first formal public

to be regarded as entirely reliable—although their accounts are frequently cited. What is certain is that the committee discussed the general outline which the document should follow and decided that Jefferson would write the first draft. The committee in general, and Jefferson in particular, thought that Adams should write the document, but Adams persuaded them to choose Jefferson and promised to consult with him personally. Considering Congress's busy schedule, Jefferson probably had limited time for writing over the next 17 days, and he likely wrote the draft quickly. He then consulted the others and made some changes, and then produced

official texts, as well. The Declaration was first published as a broadside that was printed the night of July 4 by John Dunlap of Philadelphia. Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides, of which 26 are known to survive. The 26th copy was discovered in The National Archives in England in 2009. In 1777, Congress commissioned Mary Katherine Goddard to print that listed the signers of the Declaration, unlike the Dunlap broadside. Nine copies of the Goddard broadside are known to still exist. A variety of broadsides printed by the states are also extant. Several early handwritten copies and drafts of the

"Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence"
Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were no longer a part of the British Empire, exists in a number of drafts, handwritten copies, and published broadsides. The earliest known draft of the Declaration of Independence is a fragment known as the ""Composition Draft."" The draft, written in July 1776, is in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson, principal author of the Declaration. It was discovered in 1947 by historian Julian P. Boyd in the Jefferson papers at the Library

parts: ""introduction"", ""preamble"", ""indictment"" of King George III, ""denunciation"" of the British people, and ""conclusion"". Historians have often sought to identify the sources that most influenced the words and political philosophy of the Declaration of Independence. By Jefferson's own admission, the Declaration contained no original ideas, but was instead a statement of sentiments widely shared by supporters of the American Revolution. As he explained in 1825: Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression

in what part of the digestive tube do you expect the initial digestion of starch

Digestion
a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion. In some birds it is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. In adult doves and pigeons, the crop can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds. Certain insects may have a crop or enlarged esophagus. Herbivores have evolved cecums (or an abomasum in the case of ruminants). Ruminants have a fore-stomach with four chambers. These are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. In the first two chambers, the rumen and the reticulum, the food is mixed with saliva and

Digestion
that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes. After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small

Digestion
by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew. The lips break the food down into smaller pieces. In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage. The esophagus adds calcium carbonate to neutralize the acids formed by food matter decay. Temporary storage occurs in the crop where food and calcium carbonate are mixed. The powerful muscles of the gizzard churn and mix the mass of food and dirt. When the churning is complete, the glands in the walls of the

Digestion
size of the meal, and the process of digestion normally takes between 24 and 72 hours. Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the walls of the stomach and mucus is secreted for protection. In the stomach further release of enzymes break down the food further and this is combined with the churning action of the stomach.

Digestion
small molecules the body can use. In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a

Digestion
The partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine. In the large intestine the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste material stored as feces to be removed

Digestion
cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation. The human gastrointestinal tract is around 9 meters long. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and

Digestion
muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing (mastication) and swallowing (deglutition). It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva. The underside of the tongue is covered with a smooth mucous membrane. The tongue also has a touch sense for locating and positioning food particles that require further chewing. The tongue is utilized to roll food particles into a bolus before being transported down the esophagus through peristalsis. The sublingual region underneath the front of the tongue is a location where the oral mucosa is very thin, and underlain by a plexus of veins. This is

"Development of the digestive system"
in the gut layers and in places mesenteries extend from the gut as double layers of peritoneum. Mesenteries provide a pathway for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the organs. Initially, the gut tube from the caudal end of the foregut to the end of the hindgut is suspended from the dorsal body wall by dorsal mesentery. Ventral mesentery, derived from the septum transversum, exists only in the region of the terminal part of the esophagus, the stomach, and the upper portion of the duodenum. The diaphragm divides the body cavity into the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. It develops

"Human digestive system"
from the stomach through the opening of the pyloric sphincter. The resulting alkaline fluid mix neutralises the gastric acid which would damage the lining of the intestine. The mucus component lubricates the walls of the intestine. When the digested food particles are reduced enough in size and composition, they can be absorbed by the intestinal wall and carried to the bloodstream. The first receptacle for this chyme is the duodenal bulb. From here it passes into the first of the three sections of the small intestine, the duodenum. (The next section is the jejunum and the third is the ileum).

"Kidney transplantation"
In fact, living non-related donors are now almost as common as living (genetically)-related donors. In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed, as removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity. Therefore, the kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney. Often this is in the iliac fossa so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply: The donor ureter is anastomosed with the recipient bladder. There is disagreement in surgical textbooks regarding which side of the recipient’s pelvis to use in receiving the transplant. Campbell's Urology (2002)

healthy kidney was removed through the donor's vagina. Vaginal donations promise to speed recovery and reduce scarring. The first donor was chosen as she had previously had a hysterectomy. The extraction was performed using natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, where an endoscope is inserted through an orifice, then through an internal incision, so that there is no external scar. The recent advance of single port laparoscopy requiring only one entry point at the navel is another advance with potential for more frequent use. In the developing world some people sell their organs illegally. Such people are often in grave poverty

a poor outcome for either the donor or recipient. The psychological assessment is to ensure the donor gives informed consent and is not coerced. In countries where paying for organs is illegal, the authorities may also seek to ensure that a donation has not resulted from a financial transaction. The relationship the donor has to the recipient has evolved over the years. In the 1950s, the first successful living donor transplants were between identical twins. In the 1960s–1970s, live donors were genetically related to the recipient. However, during the 1980s–1990s, the donor pool was expanded further to emotionally related individuals

This makes it possible for surgeons to start operating while the organs are still being perfused (supplied blood). During the operation, the aorta will be cannulated, after which the donor's blood will be replaced by an ice-cold storage solution, such as UW (Viaspan), HTK, or Perfadex. Depending on which organs are transplanted, more than one solution may be used simultaneously. Due to the temperature of the solution, and since large amounts of cold NaCl-solution are poured over the organs for a rapid cooling, the heart will stop pumping. 'Donation after Cardiac Death' donors are patients who do not meet the

recommends placing the donor kidney in the recipient’s contralateral side (i.e. a left sided kidney would be transplanted in the recipient's right side) to ensure the renal pelvis and ureter are anterior in the event that future surgeries are required. In an instance where there is doubt over whether there is enough space in the recipient’s pelvis for the donor's kidney, the textbook recommends using the right side because the right side has a wider choice of arteries and veins for reconstruction. Smith's Urology (2004) states that either side of the recipient's pelvis is acceptable; however the right vessels are

Kidney
Kidney The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder. The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each adult kidney contains around 1 million nephrons. The nephron utilizes four processes to alter the blood plasma which flows to it: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. The

risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia than matched nondonors with similar indicators of baseline health. Traditionally, the donor procedure has been through a single incision of , but live donation is being increasingly performed by laparoscopic surgery. This reduces pain and accelerates recovery for the donor. Operative time and complications decreased significantly after a surgeon performed 150 cases. Live donor kidney grafts have higher long-term success rates than those from deceased donors. Since the increase in the use of laparoscopic surgery, the number of live donors has increased. Any advance which leads to a decrease in pain and scarring and

when Michael Woodruff performed one between identical twins in Edinburgh. Until the routine use of medications to prevent and treat acute rejection, introduced in 1964, deceased donor transplantation was not performed. The kidney was the easiest organ to transplant: Tissue typing was simple, the organ was relatively easy to remove and implant, live donors could be used without difficulty, and in the event of failure, kidney dialysis was available from the 1940s. Tissue typing was essential to the success; early attempts in the 1950s on sufferers from Bright's disease had been very unsuccessful. The major barrier to organ transplantation between

the heart, kidneys, brain, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), corneae, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Corneae and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these outnumber organ transplants by more than tenfold. Organ donors may be living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death. Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death, as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of

Kidney transplantation Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation is typically classified as deceased-donor (formerly known as cadaveric) or living-donor transplantation depending on the source of the donor organ. Living-donor renal transplants are further characterized as genetically related (living-related) or non-related (living-unrelated) transplants, depending on whether a biological relationship exists between the donor and recipient. Exchanges and chains are a novel approach to expand the living donor pool. In February 2012, this novel approach to expand the living donor pool resulted in the largest chain in

"Sinking of the RMS Titanic"
to Thee"" as the ship sank, but this appears to be dubious. The claim surfaced among the earliest reports of the sinking, and the hymn became so closely associated with the ""Titanic"" disaster that its opening bars were carved on the grave monument of ""Titanic""s bandmaster, Wallace Hartley, one of those who perished. Violet Jessop said in her 1934 account of the disaster that she had heard the hymn being played. In contrast, Archibald Gracie emphatically denied it in his own account, written soon after the sinking, and Radio Operator Harold Bride said that he had heard the band playing

"Titanic (band)"
in Switzerland. In September 2014 it was announced that the band was discontinued. Original singer Roy Robinson died on 8 June 2015. Titanic (band) Titanic was a rock band active from 1969 to 2014. Its members came from Norway and Britain. The group formed in Norway in 1969. Its members were Kenny Aas, Kjell Asperud, John Lorck, Janne Løseth and Roy Robinson and, for a time, John Williamson. Guitarist Janne Loseth was the band's primary songwriter and lead singer Roy Robinson its main lyricist. In October 1971 Titanic reached Number 5 in the UK Singles Chart, with their instrumental track,

"The Sinking of the Titanic"
to showcase Bryars' music and in December 1972 organised a concert at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall. ""The Sinking Of The Titanic"" would be the centrepiece of the concert. Bryars created a more traditional score for the work and used the Episcopal hymn ""Autumn"" as the basis of the work, based on the testimony of wireless operator Harold Bride, although there was some discussion that it may have been actually ""Aughton"" that was heard. Bryars incorporated fragments of ""Aughton"" and other tunes reportedly heard on the ship. The work has been performed several times in subsequent years, including a performance in

"Legends and myths regarding RMS Titanic"
became emotional and stated that this was the tune they heard while they were in their lifeboat. The film ""A Night to Remember"" (1958) uses the tune ""Horbury""; while the 1953 film ""Titanic"", with Clifton Webb, uses the tune ""Bethany"" as does James Cameron's 1997 ""Titanic."" To further complicate things, ""Horbury"" was the Anglican version of the hymn, while ""Propior Deo"" was the Methodist version. The ""Titanic""s bandmaster, Wallace Hartley was a devout Methodist and son of a Methodist choirmaster leading a band containing several devout Methodists. ""Propior Deo"" was not only sung at Hartley's funeral but was also carved

Titanic (band) Titanic was a rock band active from 1969 to 2014. Its members came from Norway and Britain. The group formed in Norway in 1969. Its members were Kenny Aas, Kjell Asperud, John Lorck, Janne Løseth and Roy Robinson and, for a time, John Williamson. Guitarist Janne Loseth was the band's primary songwriter and lead singer Roy Robinson its main lyricist. In October 1971 Titanic reached Number 5 in the UK Singles Chart, with their instrumental track, ""Sultana"" in the style of Santana. The band relocated to France and released ""Macumba"" in 1974 with Helge Groslie on keyboards. It

before the sinking. Around 30 minutes after colliding with the iceberg, the two bands were called by Captain Smith who ordered them to play in the first class lounge. Passengers present remember them playing lively tunes such as ""Alexander's Ragtime Band"". It is unknown if the two piano players were with the band at this time. The exact time is unknown, but the musicians later moved to the boat deck level where they played before moving outside onto the deck itself. Part of the enduring folklore of the ""Titanic"" sinking is that the musicians played the hymn ""Nearer, My God,

"Sissel Kyrkjebø"
Icelandic, Faroese, German, Neapolitan, Māori, Japanese, and Latin. She is well known for singing the Olympic Hymn (Hymne Olympique) at the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway; for duets with Plácido Domingo, Charles Aznavour, José Carreras, Neil Sedaka, Josh Groban, Bryn Terfel, Mario Frangoulis, Russell Watson, Brian May, Diana Krall, Warren G and The Chieftains; and her participation on the ""Titanic"" film soundtrack. Sissel received her first U.S. Grammy nominations on 6 December 2007 for a collaboration with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. ""Spirit of the Season,"" a collection of songs from the choir's 2006

"Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture"
written by James Horner and Will Jennings. At first, Cameron did not want a song sung over the film's ending credits, but Horner disagreed. Without telling Cameron, he went ahead and wrote the song anyway, and recorded Dion singing it. Cameron changed his mind when Horner presented the song to him. ""My Heart Will Go On"" became a worldwide smash hit, going to the top of the music charts around the world. ""My Heart Will Go On"" also ended up winning the 1997 Academy Award for Best Original Song as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song

One of the most famous stories of ""Titanic"" is of the ship's band. On 15 April the eight-member band, led by Wallace Hartley, had assembled in the first-class lounge in an effort to keep passengers calm and upbeat. Later they moved on to the forward half of the boat deck. The band continued playing, even when it became apparent the ship was going to sink, and all members perished. There has been much speculation about what their last song was. A first-class Canadian passenger, Mrs. Vera Dick, and several other passengers, alleged that the final tune played was that of

risk one's life for wealth, and Cameron cut it for this reason, as well as for timing and pacing reasons. Many other scenes were cut for similar reasons. The soundtrack album for ""Titanic"" was composed by James Horner. For the vocals heard throughout the film, subsequently described by Earle Hitchner of ""The Wall Street Journal"" as ""evocative"", Horner chose Norwegian singer Sissel Kyrkjebø, commonly known as ""Sissel"". Horner knew Sissel from her album ""Innerst i sjelen"", and he particularly liked how she sang """"Eg veit i himmerik ei borg"""" (""I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle""). He had tried

History of the world's tallest buildings The tallest building in the world, as of 2019, is Burj Khalifa. The title of ""world's tallest building"" has been borne by various buildings, such as the Rouen Cathedral and the Empire State Building. The skyscraper was invented in Chicago in 1884 when the Home Insurance Building was constructed using a steel-frame with curtain walls instead of load-bearing walls. For the next hundred years, the world's tallest building was always in the United States with New York City accumulating 86 years, and Chicago accumulating 30 years. After just over a century (1885–1998), the distinction

Khalifa. In this chart, time progresses from right to left. Note the early buildings that lost the title as their spires collapsed. After the construction of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago in the 19th century, the incrementation in the height of skyscrapers began with the construction of the Chrysler Building, followed by the Empire State Building, in New York City. The Chrysler Building was the first building in the world to break the barrier, and the Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. It stands at and has 102 floors. The next tallest

"One World Trade Center"
the spire should be reclassified as an antenna following the redesign, with Port Authority spokesman Steve Coleman reiterating that ""One World Trade Center will be the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere."" In 2012, the CTBUH announced that it would wait to make its final decision as to whether or not the redesigned spire would count towards the building's height. On November 12, 2013, the CTBUH announced that One World Trade Center's spire would count as part of the building's recognized height, giving it a final height of 1,776 feet, and making it the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere.

the thermometer next to his Bun Boy restaurant. Its height -- 134 feet -- was in honor of the 134-degree record temperature set in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. Soon after its construction, 70-mph winds snapped the thermometer in half, and it was rebuilt. Two years later, severe gusts made the thermometer sway so much that its light bulbs popped out. Concrete was then poured inside the steel core to reinforce the monument. Herron sold the attraction and restaurant to another local businessman, Larry Dabour, who sold it in 2005. In September 2012, the owner at that time,

could be classified as a simple antenna, which is not included in a building's height, according to the CTBUH. Without the antenna, One World Trade Center would be tall, making it the fourth-tallest building in the United States, behind the Willis Tower and Trump International Hotel & Tower, both located in Chicago, and 432 Park Avenue in New York. The building is currently the tallest in New York City with the antenna; however, without the antenna, it was surpassed in 2015 by 432 Park Avenue, which topped out at high. One World Trade Center's developers have disputed the claim that

"World Trade Center (1973–2001)"
two years, surpassing the Empire State Building after a 40-year reign. The North Tower stood tall and featured a telecommunications antenna or mast that was added at the top of the roof in 1978 and stood tall. With the -tall antenna/mast, the highest point of the North Tower reached . Chicago's Sears Tower, finished in , reached at the rooftop. Throughout their existence, the WTC towers had more floors (at 110) than any other building. This number was not surpassed until the advent of the Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010. Each tower had a total mass of around 500,000

"Willis Tower"
deck, called the Skydeck, opened on June 22, 1974. Located on the tower's 103rd floor, it is high, making it the highest observation deck in the United States and one of Chicago's most famous tourist attractions. Tourists can experience how the building sways on a windy day. They also can see far over the plains of Illinois and across Lake Michigan to Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin on a clear day. Elevators take tourists to the top in about 60 seconds, and allow tourists to feel the pressure change as they rise up. The Skydeck competes with the John Hancock Center's

"Keeping Faith (TV series)"
Jones, Mali Harries and Aneirin Hughes. The series was filmed concurrently in two languages. This programme is the second in a season of bilingual dramas set to premiere back-to-back on S4C. The initial Welsh broadcasts on S4C carried entirely English subtitles, while repeat airings carried encoded English subtitles. The series has been available on the BBC iPlayer as part of the BBC's ongoing relationship with S4C. Renamed ""Keeping Faith"", the English-language version premiered on BBC Wales on 13 February 2018. The show was extremely popular in Wales, with an average of 300,000 viewers per episode, making it the most popular

show on BBC Wales for over 25 years. It also became the most downloaded non-network show on BBC iPlayer, with over 8.5 million downloads as at May 2018. Having announced on 15 June 2018 that ""Keeping Faith"" would be shown in the whole of the UK on BBC One, its broadcast began on 10 July 2018. In the wake of a further report of the series' string of records, the Head of Commissioning for BBC Wales, Nick Andrews, said that this series has been a real gem from start to finish, and it is testament to the strength of drama

has not yet been commissioned."" The second series was in production in October 2018 and will air first on S4C. Keeping Faith (TV series) Keeping Faith, (or original title , translates to ""One Wednesday Morning"") is a Welsh thriller television series, created by Matthew Hall and produced by Vox Pictures. Un Bore Mercher was first broadcast on S4C on 5 November 2017. Pip Broughton directed six of the eight episodes; Andy Newbery the other two. The series stars Eve Myles as Faith Howells. She is a solicitor at a family-run law firm. Evan, her husband, disappears whilst she is on

Keeping Faith (TV series) Keeping Faith, (or original title , translates to ""One Wednesday Morning"") is a Welsh thriller television series, created by Matthew Hall and produced by Vox Pictures. Un Bore Mercher was first broadcast on S4C on 5 November 2017. Pip Broughton directed six of the eight episodes; Andy Newbery the other two. The series stars Eve Myles as Faith Howells. She is a solicitor at a family-run law firm. Evan, her husband, disappears whilst she is on maternity leave following the birth of their third child. The series co-stars Hannah Daniel, Matthew Gravelle, Bradley Freegard, Mark Lewis

EPs on iTunes on Friday 9 March 2018. The English versions are sung by Amy Wadge and the Welsh versions by Ela Hughes. The score music was written by Laurence Love Greed. After the final episode of Series 1, (April 2018), and with the storyline ending on some significant 'cliff-hangers', the voice-over states that a second series is in development; in an interview with BBC Breakfast, Eve Myles said that Matthew Hall is writing the scripts for the second series. On 6 May 2018, Huw Thomas, BBC Wales arts and media correspondent wrote, ""A second series is in development, but

In the Daily Mail, Benji Wilson wrote that Keeping Faith ""...looks set to take Broadchurch's crown"". Jon Coates in the Express wrote ""Keeping Faith's unprecedented success... has led to a primetime run on BBC One starting on Thursday [12 July 2018], with a second series due to begin filming this autumn."" In July 2018, a Guardian review said ""...already a huge iPlayer hit, this Carmarthen-set drama about a vanished husband is realistic and beautifully shot..."" and ""It looks real and brilliant and Welsh"". 'crimefictionlover' wrote: ""The BBC has a secret... it's worth seeking out"". The first series won three Welsh

BAFTAs in 2018: Best Actress (Eve Myles), Best Writer (Matthew Hall) and Original Music (Amy Wadge and Laurence Love Greed). Set in the fictional town of Abercorran—the original name for Laugharne Castle—filming started in the summer of 2017. Exterior shots were filmed in Carmarthenshire, with exterior views of Faith's home situated high up overlooking the estuary and the castle of Laugharne. Many scenes were shot in Laugharne, also in Carmarthen; the main square and the historic Guildhall was used as a courtroom. Also, the Vale of Glamorgan, Pontardawe and Swansea were filming locations. Other courtroom scenes feature the former courthouse

coming out of Wales right now. The first series won three Welsh BAFTAs in 2018. Production of a second series began in 2018. The series has generally received favourable responses and was described in The Guardian as, ""a bit like Big Little Lies relocated to rural Wales"". As ""Un Bore Mercher"", the Welsh version of the series gained strong reviews. Gary Raymond, in Wales Arts Review, wrote: ""...particularly interesting to see a genuine diamond emerge from the coalface in the form of Keeping Faith"" and ""Social media opinion has been a little more approving"" [than the limited publicity surrounding the

series]. Lydia Morris at the UK Daily Post wrote that the programme ""...has already proved a hit with TV audiences"". A review (under 'Show and Tell' by Paul Flynn) in Grazia magazine was headed ""Like Broadchurch when it was good, Welsh production Keeping Faith is a TV trailblazer"" and was generous with its praise. Writing in The Times, Nicole Wynne described it as ""...the dual-language drama that has got box-set Britain gripped"". On 2 May 2018, referring to the series' imminent removal from iPlayer access, Stuart Heritage wrote in the 'I' ""Watch this game-changing thriller while you still can"". ]

at Swansea. Studio scenes were filmed at Sony UK Technology Centre's Ffilm Factory 35 in Pencoed. Vox pictures produced the drama with the aid of Nevision, Cinematic Productions, Soundworks and About Premium Content. The production of the programme was funded through the Welsh Government's Media Investment Budget, which is advised by Pinewood Pictures, S4C and BBC Wales. Location assistance was provided by Wales Screen, part of the Welsh Government's creative industries team, helping to maximise the economic benefits for Wales. Gwawr Martha Lloyd, S4C Drama Content Commissioner, said of the series; ""We're very excited about this new and original series

"Trust and Believe"
Trust and Believe ""Trust and Believe"" is a song by Grammy-nominated R&B singer/songwriter Keyshia Cole. It serves as the second single from her long anticipated, fifth studio album, ""Woman to Woman"" and the follow up to the top 10 hit, ""Enough of No Love"". It debuted on October 2, 2012 on Cole's official website and was first released for digital download on October 22, 2012. ""Trust and Believe is the second single from Cole's album ""Woman to Woman"". It was co-written by Guordan Banks and Jessyca Wilson of R&B duo The Righterz. It was produced by Grammy-nominated producer and songwriter

10 hit, Enough of No Love at the 2012 Soul Train Awards. She also performed the song on the late night show Jimmy Kimmel Live! on March 18, 2013. The song has also been added to the setlist of her Spring tour, The Woman to Woman Tour. Trust and Believe ""Trust and Believe"" is a song by Grammy-nominated R&B singer/songwriter Keyshia Cole. It serves as the second single from her long anticipated, fifth studio album, ""Woman to Woman"" and the follow up to the top 10 hit, ""Enough of No Love"". It debuted on October 2, 2012 on Cole's official

"Trust (Keyshia Cole and Monica song)"
Trust (Keyshia Cole and Monica song) ""Trust"" is a song recorded by American recording artist Keyshia Cole. It was written by Cole and Frederick Taylor and co-produced by Donald ""Toxic"" Alford and Ron Fair for her third studio album, ""A Different Me"" (2008). It is a re-recording of the iTunes pre-order bonus song from Cole's previous album Just Like You. In 2008, the ballad was re-recorded as a duet with fellow R&B singer Monica, replacing parts of Cole's original vocals with hers, and was included on Cole's third studio album ""A Different Me"" (2008). It was released as the album's

"Trust, Love, Pray"
Trust, Love, Pray Trust, Love, Pray is the fourth studio album from American singer Marilyn Martin, released independently in 2012. The album is a collection of original songs of trials, temptations, love, and faith. All of the album's songs were written solely by Martin, except ""In the Arms of God"" which was written by Eric Kaz and Martin. The album was produced, engineered and mixed by Martin's husband Greg Droman. Hank Williams mastered the album at Mastermix, Nashville. The song ""Every Way And Always"" received airplay on Christian and Praise and Worship stations. ""Trust, Love, Pray"" was Martin's first released

DJ Camper. It premiered on Tuesday, October 2, 2012. The heartfelt ballad reflects upon Cole's position, with being cheated on by her ex-lover with her best friend. With it being one of Cole's favorites on the album, it shows the true premise of the album to help ladies with men who have done them wrong. Another heartfelt single, the song is very reminiscent of Cole's 2006 hit ""Love"". ""I cried when I heard it"" says Cole at an interview for Power 99 FM in Philly. Production of the single includes a sample from ""End of the Road"" by R&B group

"Trust (Jaci Velasquez album)"
Trust (Jaci Velasquez album) Trust/Confío is a studio album by Jaci Velasquez, released on March 31, 2017 as a two-disc collection where one disc contains her eighth English-language album,""Trust"", while the other disc contains her fourth Spanish-language album, ""Confío"". At the 48th GMA Dove Awards, ""Confío"" won Spanish Language Album of the Year. The album reached No. 7 on the ""Billboard"" Latin Pop chart and was nominated for the 2017 Latin Grammys for Christian Album of the Year. On August 9, 2017, the Gospel Music Association announced that ""Confio"" was nominated for a GMA Dove Award in the Spanish Album

"Believe (Yolanda Adams album)"
Believe (Yolanda Adams album) Believe is a 2001 gospel album released by Yolanda Adams, featuring the singles ""Never Give Up,"" and ""I'm Gonna Be Ready"". This was Adams' final release on Elektra Records before the company folded. The track ""Fo' Sho'"" was done with labelmate Karen Clark-Sheard and was Sheard's first release after her near death experience. The first track, ""Never Give Up"", is said to be a response to the September 11 attacks. The album sold 67,000 copies at first week, and total sales is near platinum sales with over 700,000 units only to be certified Gold by the

"The Trust (music production duo)"
The Trust (music production duo) The Trust is a record production and songwriting duo composed of multi-instrumentalists Tommy Hubbard and Rich Zahniser. The duo currently operates out of their private recording facility in Southern California, primarily working with pop, country, and rock acts with an emphasis on live instrumentation recordings. Hubbard and Zahniser have individually and collectively worked with several mainstream and popular indie artists including the Latin group The Gipsy Kings, French pop singer Maude, blues guitarist Joe Bonamassa, American country singer Billy Ray Cyrus, funk musician Bootsy Collins(Parliament-Funkadelic, James Brown), South African singer Lira, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Company

the song debuted at #14 on ""Billboard's"" Hot R&B Songs Chart and #39 on their Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart. The music video was directed by longtime collaborator Benny Boom. Produced as a mini-movie, the video features dialogue and acting from Cole herself (crediting as Cole-Gibson) along with actress Tae Heckard and model Rotimi. It was officially approved on October 25. The music video premiered on BET's ""106 & Park"" on November 8, 2012. On the week of November 13, 2012, ""Trust and Believe"" was the most liked music video of the year and had over a million views on YouTube.

(now in Utah) came aboard in 1974 bringing the total to 18. Following the 1976 season, the leagues reached a settlement that provided for the addition of four ABA franchises to the NBA, raising the number of franchises in the league at that time to 22. The franchises added were the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and New York Nets (now the Brooklyn Nets). Some of the biggest stars of this era were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Rick Barry, Dave Cowens, Julius Erving, Elvin Hayes, Walt Frazier, Moses Malone, Artis Gilmore, George Gervin, Dan Issel, and Pete Maravich. The end

wordmark in 2017) and would remain a fixture of the NBA brand. The ABA succeeded in signing a number of major stars in the 1970s, including Julius Erving of the Virginia Squires, in part because it allowed teams to sign college undergraduates. The NBA expanded rapidly during this period, one purpose being to tie up the most viable cities. From 1966 to 1974, the NBA grew from nine franchises to 18. In 1970, the Portland Trail Blazers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Buffalo Braves (now the Los Angeles Clippers) all made their debuts expanding the league to 17. The New Orleans Jazz

eliminated ""home"" and ""away"" uniform designations. Instead, each team would have four or five uniforms: the ""Association"" edition, which is the team's traditional white uniform, the ""Icon"" edition, which is the team's primary color uniform, and two other uniform editions, to be unveiled at a later date. The NBA originated in 1946 with 11 teams, and through a sequence of team expansions, reductions, and relocations currently consists of 30 teams. The United States is home to 29 teams and one is located in Canada. The current league organization divides thirty teams into two conferences of three divisions with five teams

best paid athletes by average annual salary per player. The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3, 1949, after merging with the competing National Basketball League (NBL). The league's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, New Jersey. The Basketball Association of America was founded

"History of basketball"
City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL). As of the early 21st century, the NBA is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition. The American Basketball Association (ABA) was founded as an alternative to the NBA in 1967 at a time when the NBA was experiencing a lot of popularity. The ABA offered an alternative ethos and game style as well as some

Major League Baseball logo a year prior, created the modern NBA logo inspired by the MLB's. It incorporates the silhouette of the legendary Jerry West based on a photo by Wen Roberts, although NBA officials denied a particular player as being its influence because, according to Siegel, ""They want to institutionalize it rather than individualize it. It's become such a ubiquitous, classic symbol and focal point of their identity and their licensing program that they don't necessarily want to identify it with one player."" The iconic logo debuted in 1971 (with a small change to the typeface on the NBA

Bulls, Seattle SuperSonics (now Oklahoma City Thunder), San Diego Rockets (who relocated to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks, and Phoenix Suns. In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The leagues engaged in a bidding war. The NBA landed the most important college star of the era, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (then known as Lew Alcindor). However, the NBA's leading scorer, Rick Barry, jumped to the ABA, as did four veteran referees—Norm Drucker, Earl Strom, John Vanak, and Joe Gushue. In 1969, Alan Siegel, who oversaw the design of Jerry Dior's

led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships and established themselves as the league's first dynasty. To encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a field goal (or the ball fails to make contact with the rim) within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped and the ball given to its opponent. In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, which already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA

won the first three three-point shooting contests. Former league commissioner David Stern, who took office on February 1, 1984, oversaw the expansion and growth of the NBA to a global commodity. Michael Jordan entered the league in 1984 with the Chicago Bulls, providing an even more popular star to support growing interest in the league. This resulted in more cities demanding teams of their own. In 1988 and 1989, four cities got their wishes as the Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and Minnesota Timberwolves made their NBA debuts, bringing the total to 27 teams. The Detroit Pistons won the

"National Basketball League (United States)"
well. Toledo signed several black players to start the season, including Bill Jones, who had starred at the University of Toledo, but the team lost its first four games and folded due to financial difficulties. Chicago stocked its roster with several members of the Harlem Globetrotters, who worked during the week at the Studebaker plant, but it also folded after compiling an 8–15 record. Five current NBA teams trace their history back to the NBL. Three teams joined the BAA in 1948: the Minneapolis Lakers (now the Los Angeles Lakers), the Rochester Royals (now the Sacramento Kings), and the Fort

"Electronic Fund Transfer Act"
Electronic Fund Transfer Act The Electronic Fund Transfer Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1978 and signed by President Jimmy Carter, to establish the rights and liabilities of consumers as well as the responsibilities of all participants in electronic funds transfer activities. The act was implemented in Federal Reserve Board Regulation E. The EFT Act recognizes their right to nominate the financial institution to which such payments are to be made. The EFT Act also prohibits a creditor or lender from requiring a consumer to repay a loan or other credit by electronic fund transfer, except when there

criteria: EFT is not a perfect system; therefore customers should still be diligent in reviewing their EFT statements for possible errors as they would with any other type of transaction. Should a customer notice that there has been an error in an electronic fund transfer relating to their account certain steps must be taken: Under the Act, the customer must: Under the Act, the financial institution must: Electronic Fund Transfer Act The Electronic Fund Transfer Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1978 and signed by President Jimmy Carter, to establish the rights and liabilities of consumers as well

"Electronic funds transfer"
Electronic funds transfer Electronic funds transfer (EFT) are electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff. According to the United States Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 it is ""a funds transfer initiated through an electronic terminal, telephone, computer (including on-line banking) or magnetic tape for the purpose of ordering, instructing, or authorizing a financial institution to debit or credit a consumer’s account. "" EFT transactions are known by a number of names across countries and different payment

"Digital Signature and Electronic Authentication Law"
Digital Signature and Electronic Authentication Law Digital Signature And Electronic Authentication Law (SEAL) of 1998 was introduced to the United States Senate, as S.1594, and was followed closely by H.R. 3472 which was introduced to the House of Representatives. This Bill sought to update ""the Bank Protection Act of 1968"" in regards to electronic authentication techniques by financial institutions, and for other purposes. ""(1) to authenticate the identity of or information associated with a sender of a document ""(2) to determine that a document was not altered, changed, or modified during its transmission to a recipient, or"" ""(3) to verify

AMBULANCE[911] AFTER AN EMERGENCY SITUATION CONCERNING THAT SHE MAY HAVE HAD A MISCARRIAGE. ACCORDANCE(S) NOT EQUIVOCAL TO ANY EMERGENCY/911 PATIENT WHO IS TAKEN OUT OF HOME Digital Signature and Electronic Authentication Law Digital Signature And Electronic Authentication Law (SEAL) of 1998 was introduced to the United States Senate, as S.1594, and was followed closely by H.R. 3472 which was introduced to the House of Representatives. This Bill sought to update ""the Bank Protection Act of 1968"" in regards to electronic authentication techniques by financial institutions, and for other purposes. ""(1) to authenticate the identity of or information associated with a

systems. For example, in the United States, they may be referred to as ""electronic checks"" or ""e-checks"". In the United Kingdom, the term ""bank transfer"" and ""bank payment"" are used, while in several other European countries ""giro transfer"" is the common term. EFTs include, but are not limited to: Electronic funds transfer Electronic funds transfer (EFT) are electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff. According to the United States Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 it is

"Electronic signature"
agreement signed electronically by two sovereign nations was a Joint Communiqué recognizing the growing importance of the promotion of electronic commerce, signed by the United States and Ireland in 1998. In 1996 the United Nations published the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. Article 7 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce was highly influential in the development of electronic signature laws around the world, including in the US. In 2001, UNCITRAL concluded work on a dedicated text, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures, which has been adopted in some 30 jurisdictions. The latest UNCITRAL text dealing with

"Electronic benefit transfer"
EBT SNAP accounts, with the particular day of the month determined for each recipient based on the case number, Social Security number, or date of birth. The states of Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Vermont, along with Guam and the US Virgin Islands, credit accounts on the first of the month to all recipients, New Hampshire credits on the 5th, and South Dakota on the 10th. For most of its history, the Food Stamp Program used paper denominated stamps or coupons worth US$1 (brown), $5 (blue), and $10 (green). In the late 1990s, the food-stamp program was revamped, and

"E-Government Act of 2002"
2002, the Act (the Lieberman Bill, or S. 803) passed the U.S. Senate on Unanimous Consent. House Hearing No. 107-184 on the proposed bill was held on September 18, 2002. E-Government Act of 2002 The E-Government Act of 2002 (, , , H.R. 2458/S. 803), is a United States statute enacted on December 17, 2002, with an effective date for most provisions of April 17, 2003. Its stated purpose is to improve the management and promotion of electronic government services and processes by establishing a Federal Chief Information Officer within the Office of Management and Budget, and by establishing a

"Electronic Federal Tax Payment System"
Electronic Federal Tax Payment System The Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS) is an online federal tax payment system in the United States designed and maintained by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Bureau of the Fiscal Service branches of the United States Department of the Treasury. EFTPS started in 1996. EFTPS allows individuals and businesses to make their tax and estimated tax payments securely online using their bank accounts. Payments can be made only after enrolling in the system, and the enrollment process can take about a week (initial online enrollment is followed by relevant information being sent by

"2017 Boston mayoral election"
2017 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 2017 was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2017, to elect the mayor of Boston, Massachusetts. Incumbent Democratic mayor Marty J. Walsh won re-election to a second term, defeating District 7 City Councilor Tito Jackson, and two long-shot candidates, Robert Cappucci and Joseph Wiley. A non-partisan preliminary election was held on Tuesday, September 26, 2017, with Walsh and Jackson advancing into a November runoff election. In the November election, Walsh secured a landslide victory, winning by a two-to-one margin. A total of 109,034 of the city's approximately 392,000 registered voters cast a

"1925 Boston mayoral election"
1925 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 1925 occurred on Tuesday, November 3, 1925. Malcolm Nichols, a former member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Massachusetts Senate, defeated nine other candidates to be elected mayor. A large number of votes were split between three Democratic candidates (Glynn, O'Neil, Coakley), which was a factor in the election of Nichols, a Republican. While municipal elections in Boston have been nonpartisan since 1910; as of 2018, Nichols is the most recent Republican to be elected Mayor of Boston. In 1918, the Massachusetts state legislature had passed legislation making the Mayor

"Mayor of Boston"
1909 general election, changes included extending the mayoral term to four years, and making the post formally non-partisan. The reforms did not work; the first mayor elected under the new charter was Democrat John ""Honey Fitz"" Fitzgerald, and every mayor since Republican Malcolm Nichols (1926–1930) has been a Democrat. In a bid to temper the rising power of James Michael Curley, the state legislature in 1918 passed legislation barring the Mayor of Boston from serving consecutive terms in office; Curley was prevented from running for re-election twice by this law (November 1925 and November 1933). The law was repealed in

Herald"" editorial board also endorsed Walsh, saying the newspaper was wrong not to give their endorsement to Walsh in 2013. Walsh led in polls by substantial margins. An Emerson College Polling Society survey in a September poll of likely voters found Walsh at 52%, Jackson at 21%, Cappucci at 7%, and Wiley at 5%. A Suffolk University/""Boston Globe"" poll in June 2017 found Walsh with a 31-point lead. ""Notes: all candidates are nonpartisan, 0.66% of votes in the general election were write-ins."" 2017 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 2017 was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2017, to

ballot in the November election. The voter turnout of 27.80% was down ten percentage points from the 2013 mayoral election, which generated more excitement as the first Boston mayoral race in a generation without an incumbent. By October 2017, ten of the 13 Boston City Council members endorsed Walsh for re-election. Ayanna Pressley remained neutral due to her husband being employed by the mayor, and Andrea Campbell declined to comment on her preference. ""The Boston Globe"" editorial board endorsed Walsh for a second time, citing his excellence in handling housing and the city’s vibrancy during this first term. The ""Boston

"2009 Boston mayoral election"
2009 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 2009 occurred on Tuesday, November 3, 2009, between incumbent Mayor of Boston Thomas Menino, and Michael F. Flaherty, member of the Boston City Council and former Council president. Menino was re-elected to a fifth term, the first mayor to do so in Boston history. 31% of registered voters turned out to vote in the election. The nonpartisan municipal preliminary election was held on September 22, 2009. After the preliminary election, Flaherty and fellow-Councillor Sam Yoon, who had finished third, declared they had formed a ticket. If Flaherty were victorious, he vowed

"1899 Boston mayoral election"
1899 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 1899 occurred on Tuesday, December 12, 1899. Republican candidate and former Mayor of Boston Thomas N. Hart defeated Democratic candidate Patrick Collins, and two other contenders, to become mayor for the second time. Incumbent mayor Josiah Quincy had announced in July 1899 that he would not seek re-election. Hart benefitted from strife within the Democratic party, where John R. Murphy had lost the nomination to Collins. Murphy subsequently announced his intent to cross party lines and vote for Hart. The votes of Murphy and his followers in support of the Republican

of Boston ineligible to serve consecutive terms. Thus, incumbent James Michael Curley was unable to run for re-election. Nichols was inaugurated on Monday, January 4, 1926. 1925 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 1925 occurred on Tuesday, November 3, 1925. Malcolm Nichols, a former member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Massachusetts Senate, defeated nine other candidates to be elected mayor. A large number of votes were split between three Democratic candidates (Glynn, O'Neil, Coakley), which was a factor in the election of Nichols, a Republican. While municipal elections in Boston have been nonpartisan since 1910; as

"1949 Boston mayoral election"
1949 Boston mayoral election The Boston mayoral election of 1949 occurred on Tuesday, November 8, 1949, between incumbent Mayor of Boston James Michael Curley, city clerk and former acting mayor John B. Hynes, and three other candidates. Hynes was elected to his first term. Boston voters also approved changing the structure of future mayoral contests to include a preliminary election, to select two final candidates in advance of each general election. The first such election was set for 1951, meaning that Hynes would only serve a two-year term, rather than a four-year term. Hynes was inaugurated on Monday, January 2,

"Marty Walsh (politician)"
Roman Catholic. Marty Walsh (politician) Martin Joseph Walsh (born April 10, 1967) is an American politician from Boston, Massachusetts. A Democrat, he is the 54th and current Mayor of Boston, having served in office since 2014. He was previously a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving in office that from 1997 until 2014 and representing the Thirteenth Suffolk district. Walsh was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to John Walsh, an Irish American originally from Callowfeenish, a townland near Carna, County Galway, and Mary (born O'Malley), from Rosmuc, Co. Galway. The couple emigrated to the United States in the 1950s,

"India at the 1900 Summer Olympics"
India at the 1900 Summer Olympics One athlete from India competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, thereby being the nation's first appearance at the modern Olympic Games. Olympic historians tend to separate Indian results from British ones despite India's lack of independence, in a similar manner to the separation of results of competitors from Australia before 1901. One athlete, Norman Pritchard, represented India in 1900 In 2005, the IAAF published the official track and field statistics for the 2004 Summer Olympics. In the historical records section Pritchard was listed as having competed for Great Britain in 1900.

to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P. V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist. This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the summer Olympic games. This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the winter Olympic games. India at the Olympics India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The

"India at the 1920 Summer Olympics"
the British Olympic Committee. As a result, in February 1920, the International Olympic Committee granted India affiliation to participate in the Olympic Games. Thereafter, a committee comprising Dorab Tata, A S Bhagwat, Dr. A H A Fyzee, Prof Modak, S Bhoot, and three other Deccan Gymkhana members met in March 1920 to discuss India’s Olympic participation, and they decided to hold a trial meet in Poona in April 1920. At this trial meet, the committee selected the following team to represent India at the Olympics: P.C. Bannerjee (Bengal) for sprints; P. D. Chaugule (Belgaum, Karnataka) for the 10,000 m and

Research by Olympic historians has shown that Pritchard was chosen to represent Great Britain after competing in the British AAA championship in June 1900. The IOC still regard Pritchard as having competed for India. Pritchard competed in athletics, entering five events and taking second place in two of them. India at the 1900 Summer Olympics One athlete from India competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, thereby being the nation's first appearance at the modern Olympic Games. Olympic historians tend to separate Indian results from British ones despite India's lack of independence, in a similar manner to the

India at the 1920 Summer Olympics India sent its first Olympic team to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, some twenty years after a single athlete (Norman Pritchard) competed for India in 1900 (see India at the 1900 Summer Olympics). In his opening remarks during a 1919 sports meet at the Deccan Gymkhana, Poona, the Gymkhana President Sir Dorabji Tata expressed a desire for India to take part in the forthcoming 1920 Olympics. He requested Governor of Bombay Lloyd George, who presided over and distributed prizes at this sports meet, to secure representation for India at the Olympics through

marathon; Sadashiv Dattar (Satara, Maharashtra) for the 10,000 m and marathon; K. Kaikadi (Hubali) for the 5,000m and 10,000m; M. Shinde (Kolhapur) for bantamweight wrestling; and G. Nawale (Bombay) for lightweight wrestling. Sohrab H. Bhoot was manager and Dr. A H A Fyzee was medical officer and adviser for the team. Funding for the Olympic team came from Dorabji Tata (Rs.6,000 + Rs.2,000); the Government of India (Rs. 6,000); and donations from sportsminded residents of Bombay (Rs.7,000). The team left Bombay on June 5 aboard the SS Mantua; it trained in London for six weeks at Stamford Bridge stadium, under

president. This provisional committee sent an Indian team to the 1924 Olympics, and became the Indian Olympic Association in 1927. Two wrestlers competed for India in 1920. It was the nation's debut appearance in the sport. Navale was defeated in his first match, but Shinde won in the quarterfinals to reach the semifinals before losing twice to finish in fourth. India at the 1920 Summer Olympics India sent its first Olympic team to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, some twenty years after a single athlete (Norman Pritchard) competed for India in 1900 (see India at the 1900 Summer

English coach H. Parry; and proceeded to Antwerp. Chaugule in the marathon and Shinde in wrestling put up a fairly good performance at the Games. After the Games, Bhoot submitted a report mentioning that India could have future Olympic success in hockey and wrestling and made recommendations concerning technical, organisational, and training issues for future Olympic teams. Further, the committee sending the team met again, and on the advice of Dorabji Tata, invited Dr. Noehren (Physical Director of YMCA India) to be secretary, along with A. S. Bhagwat, of the provisional Indian Olympic Committee; Dorabji Tata would serve as its

"A Christmas Story: The Musical"
that ran from December 11, 2013 to December 29, 2013. The principals included Dan Lauria, John Bolton, Erin Dilly and Caroline O'Conner reprising their roles. The character of ""Ralphie"" was played by Jake Lucas with Eli Tokash at some performances. The role of 'Randy' was played by Noah Baird. A seasonal national tour of the show has run yearly since 2014. Directed by Matt Lenz the tour is based on the original staging by John Rando with choreography by Warren Carlyle. Sets are by Michael Carnahan, Lighting design by Charlie Morrison and Costumes by Lisa Zinni. The musical has had

Story Live! album. The production was based on """", which in turn was based on the 1983 film. Marc Platt reprised his role as co-executive producer from the live television musical (2016) of """", joined by Adam Siegel, and television director Alex Rudzinski and theatrical director Scott Ellis. It was broadcast from the Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California, primarily using outdoor sets. Ellis noted that emphasis on the ""feeling of family"" was an important aspect of the production, as ""it's not just razzle-dazzle stuff and big musical numbers. Our challenge is to never lose sight of the family aspect.

The musical was directed by John Rando with choreography by Warren Carlyle and featured Dan Lauria as Jean Shepherd. The musical received Tony Award nominations for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical (Robinette), and Best Original Score (Music or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre. The musical was then adapted for television as the three hour ""A Christmas Story Live!"", which aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 17, 2017. Reviews were mixed; on Rotten Tomatoes, the production received a 46% rating based on 13 critics' reviews and a very low 14% based on 44 audience

The musical premiered at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, Missouri in December 2009. The music and lyrics for that version were written by Scott Davenport Richards; the musical was directed by Eric Rosen with the book by Joseph Robinette, and featured John Bolton as ""The Old Man"" and Anne L. Nathan as Mother. Zachary Sayle appeared as Ralphie Parker and Jake Siegfried as younger brother, Randy Parker. Benj Pasek and Justin Paul were hired to re-do the score after the Kansas City engagement. ""A Christmas Story: The Musical"" opened at the 5th Avenue Theatre, Seattle, Washington, on December 9, 2010

Best Book of a Musical, and Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre) for the 67th Tony Awards, however it did not win any. In May 2017, the Fox Broadcasting Company announced that it would air a live television event based on the Broadway musical version titled ""A Christmas Story Live!"", with Pasek and Paul composing several new songs for the live television musical. The live musical was televised on December 17, 2017, with the cast that starred Maya Rudolph as Ralphie's mother, Matthew Broderick as The Narrator/Older Ralphie, 11-year-old Andy Walken as Ralphie, Jane Krakowski as

and ran through December 30, 2010. The director was Eric Rosen with choreography by Kelly Devine, and a cast that featured John Bolton and Anne Allgood as The Old Man and Mother. A national tour in 2011 followed, ending at the Chicago Theatre. The musical had a limited run in Manhattan in 2012 and 2013. It opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 19, 2012 (after previews beginning November 7), and closed on December 30, 2012. The musical was directed by John Rando with choreography by Warren Carlyle. The cast featured Dan Lauria as Jean Shepherd, John Bolton

as The Old Man, Caroline O'Connor as Miss Shields, Erin Dilly as Mother, Zac Ballard as Randy, and with Johnny Rabe and Joe West both alternating as lead character Ralphie, played in the 1983 film by Peter Billingsley, one of the show's producers. The Broadway producers were Gerald Goehring, Roy Miller, Michael F. Mitri, Pat Flicker Addiss, Peter Billingsley, Timothy Laczynski, Mariano Tolentino, Jr., Louise H. Beard, Michael Filerman, Scott Hart, Alison Eckert, Bob Bartner, Michael Jenkins, Angela Milonas and Bradford W. Smith. The production returned to New York for a limited engagement at The Theater at Madison Square Garden

A Christmas Story Live! A Christmas Story Live! is a television special that was originally broadcast by Fox on December 17, 2017. It was a live, televised musical remake of the 1983 film ""A Christmas Story"", and incorporated the 2012 stage musical version """". The live musical was executive produced by Marc Platt and Adam Siegel, directed by Scott Ellis and Alex Rudzinski, and starred Matthew Broderick, Andy Walken, Maya Rudolph, Chris Diamantopoulos, and Jane Krakowski. ""A Christmas Story Live!"" is based on ""the short stories of humorist Jean Shepherd and is set in 1940s Indiana. It follows 9-year-old Ralphie

And I think — I hope — we've succeeded in that."" Songwriting duo Pasek & Paul, who wrote the songs for ""A Christmas Story: The Musical"", wrote three new songs for the production, including ""In the Market for a Miracle"" for Mrs. Schwartz, ""Ralphie's Nightmare"" for the Parker family, and the opening theme ""Count on Christmas"". Pasek noted that the team had to try and maintain a balance between preserving the familiar and iconic aspects of the film, while also expanding upon it through its musical format. He explained that ""there are certain moments where we want to stay true

into 2018 (later delayed into 2019) to accommodate Lopez's schedule. The broadcast ultimately competed against ABC's annual presentation of the film ""The Sound of Music"", as well as NBC's ""Sunday Night Football"" between the Dallas Cowboys and Oakland Raiders. During the special, Fox also broadcast a live, 2-and-a-half-minute commercial for ""The Greatest Showman"", a then-upcoming musical film that also featured songs written by Pasek and Paul. The spot, which was directed by Michael Gracey and Beth McCarthy-Miller, and also simulcast on Facebook, featured a performance of the number ""Come Alive"" with the film's stars Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Keala Settle,

"Jnanpith Award"
The first Selection Board consisted of Kalelkar, Niharranjan Ray, Karan Singh, R. R. Diwakar, V. Raghavan, B. Gopal Reddy, Harekrushna Mahatab, Rama Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain and was headed by Sampurnanand. Works that were published between 1921 and 1951 were considered for the first award. The nine language committees that were formed were to submit to the board nominations along with translations of the work into Hindi or English. The final round had four authors; Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bengali), D. V. Gundappa (Kannada), Viswanatha Satyanarayana (Telugu), and G. Sankara Kurup (Malayalam). On 19 November 1966, Kurup was presented with

the award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (""The Bamboo Flute""), published in 1950. The rules were revised in subsequent years to consider only works published during the preceding twenty years, excluding the year for which the award was to be given and the cash prize was increased to from 1981. , the cash prize has been revised to and out of twenty-three eligible languages the award has been presented for works in sixteen languages: Hindi (eleven), Kannada (eight), Bengali (six), Malayalam (five), Gujarati, Marathi, Odia, and

the citation, statue of Saraswati, and a cheque for prize of at a ceremony held at Vigyan Bhavan, Delhi. In his acceptance speech, Kurup appreciated the concept of the new award and thanked it for bringing ""integration of the diverse people of this land on a spiritual plane"". The nominations for the award are received from various literary experts, teachers, critics, universities, and numerous literary and language associations. Every three years, an advisory committee is constituted for each of the languages. The language of the most recent recipient's work is not eligible for consideration for the next two years. Each

Sahu Jain family, conceived an idea in May 1961 to start a scheme ""commanding national prestige and of international standard"" to ""select the best book out of the publications in Indian languages"". Later in November, Rama Jain, the Founder President of the Bharatiya Jnanpith, invited a few literary experts to discuss various aspects of the scheme. Jain along with Kaka Kalelkar, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Jainendra Kumar, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Prabhakar Machwe, Akshaya Kumar Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain presented the initial draft to the then President of India Rajendra Prasad who had shown interest in the scheme's

Jnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their ""outstanding contribution towards literature"". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their ""most outstanding work"" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of , and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of

Urdu (four each), Telugu (three), Assamese, Punjabi, and Tamil (two each), English, Kashmiri, Konkani, and Sanskrit (one each). The award has been conferred upon fifty-eight writers including seven women authors. In 1976, Bengali novelist Ashapoorna Devi became the first woman to win the award and was honoured for the 1965 novel ""Pratham Pratisruti"" (""The First Promise""), the first in a trilogy. The most recent recipient of the award is English fiction writer Amitav Ghosh who was awarded for the year 2018. The Bharatiya Jnanpith, a research and cultural institute founded in 1944 by industrialist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the

implementation. The idea was also discussed at the 1962 annual sessions of the All India Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad. On 2 April 1962, around 300 writers of various Indian languages were invited to Delhi for the two sessions conducted by Dharamvir Bharati in which the draft was finalised and later presented to Prasad. The first award selection committee meeting was scheduled on 16 March 1963 and Prasad was appointed as its president. However, Prasad died on 28 February 1963 and thus the scheduled meeting was chaired by Kalelkar and Sampurnanand acted as president of the committee.

English. The recipient for a particular year is announced by the Selection Board, which has final authority in selection. Jnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their ""outstanding contribution towards literature"". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their ""most outstanding work"" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize

"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award"
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award The Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award, named after the 11th President of India and aerospace scientist A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is awarded by the Government of Tamil Nadu in recognition of contributions on scientific development, humanities and students' welfare. On 31 July 2015, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Jayalalithaa announced after the death of Kalam (July 27, 2015) that an award will be given annually in his name. The award prize will be five hundred thousand Indian rupees (about US$7,700), a certificate and a gold medal weighing eight grams. The Chief Minister stated ""Vibrant

India; Prosperous Tamil Nadu. To strengthen this, I have ordered to institute an award in memory of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. The award will be given away every year during Independence Day. It will carry a cash prize of 5 lakh, a gold medal weighing eight gram and a certificate."" In addition, the Government of Tamil Nadu would commemorate his birthday each year as ""Youth Awakening Day"", on October 15. He was born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu on 15 October 1931. The award was scheduled to be given out every year on Independence Day in India (15 August) starting with

"Toe ring"
of a married woman’s symbol. In many different Indian cultures, the husband puts the toe rings on his wife’s second toe of both feet, during the wedding ceremony. It is worn as a symbol of the married state by Hindu women and is called ""bichiya"" (pronounced: bee-chee-ya) in Hindi, ""minji"" (മിഞ്ചി) in Malayalam ""jodavi"" (जोडवी) in Marathi, ""Mettelu"" (మెట్టెలు) in Telugu, Metti/Kanaiyazhi in Tamil (மெட்டி/கணையாழி), ""Kaalungura"" (ಕಾಲುಂಗುರಗಳು) in Kannada. The toe rings in India are usually made of silver and worn in pairs (unlike the trend in Western countries, where they are worn singly or in unmatched pairs) on the

"Ring finger"
Brazil. In Sinhala and Tamil culture, the groom wears the wedding ring on his right hand and bride wears it on her left hand ring finger. This can be seen in countries like Sri Lanka where there is a rich Sinhala and Tamil cultural influence in the society. A wedding ring is not a traditional part of the religious Muslim wedding and wedding rings are not included in most Islamic countries, However, if a wedding ring is worn in an Islamic country, it may be worn on either the left (such is the custom in Iran) or the right ring

European countries, some Protestant Western European, as well as some Central and South American Catholic countries. In Eastern Europe, these include: Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. In Central or Western Europe, these include: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Netherlands [if not Catholic], Norway, and (Catholic) Spain (except in Catalonia and Valencia). In Central or South America, these include: Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Venezuela. The ring is worn on the right hand until the actual wedding day, when it is moved to the left hand in Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria as well as in Romania and

"Wedding ring"
often interpreted as meaning that the person is single. Many spouses wear their wedding rings day and night. When needed because of hygiene or to avoid damage, they commonly wear their rings on a necklace. Some cultures exchange additional rings: In some parts of India, Hindu women may wear a toe ring or ""bichiya"" instead of a finger ring, but the bichiya is increasingly worn in addition to a finger ring. In eastern India, primarily in West Bengal, women wear an iron bangle denominated a ""loha"". Increasingly, this bangle is plated with gold or silver to improve its appearance. In

"Marriage in Hinduism"
an iron bangle on the left hand (loha) while their husband is alive. In southern India, a married woman may wear a necklace with a distinctive pendant called a thali and silver toe-rings. Both are put on her by the husband during the wedding ceremony. The pendant on the thali is custom-made and its design is different from family to family. Apart from this, the married woman also wears a red vermilion (sindhoor) dot on her forehead called kumkum and (whenever possible) flowers in her hair and bangles. In medieval times a married woman used to be encouraged to give

— even on the thumb. The wedding ring is generally worn on the ring finger of the left hand in the former British Empire, certain parts of Western Europe, certain parts of Catholic Mexico, Bolivia, Chile and Central and Eastern Europe. These include: Australia, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and the US; France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Catalonia and Valencia (not the rest of Spain); Czech Republic, Slovakia, Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia, and Romania. The wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand in some Orthodox and a small number of Catholic

Apadravya
the prostate in both rear entry and missionary. It is generally thought of as the most pleasurable for female sexual partners because, compared to Prince Albert, it reportedly allows stimulation of both the G-spot and A-spot in vaginal intercourse. Some men choose to wear special vibrating jewellery during sex, which further enhances pleasure. Sometimes the apadravya is referred to as ""happydravya"" because it is said that having sex with a person who has this piercing is highly pleasurable. Variations include the ""shaft apadravya"" which pierces the shaft (uncommon, and not performed by many piercers); the magic cross which is a

"Toe ring"
married. Toe rings have other associated benefits as indicated in Ayurveda. Toe rings have been indicated to be worn to regulate the menstrual cycle, and thus increase the chances of conception, as the slight pressure on the second toe ensures a healthy uterus. Some cultures also say that the pressure felt on the second toe helps ease the pain during intercourse. Unmarried Hindu girls however put toe rings on the third toe, to help ease with the menstrual pain. Toe rings are also worn by men in Tamil culture, usually in a simpler design for comfort. The practice of Tamil

Ring finger The ring finger is the finger on which it is the custom in a particular culture for a wedding ring to be placed during a wedding ceremony and on which the wedding ring is subsequently worn to indicate the status of the wearer as a married person. It is commonly the finger between the middle finger and the little finger, and is so named because in some cultures it is the finger on which one usually wears a wedding ring after marriage. In some cultures the wedding ring is worn on the ""ring finger"" of the left hand

Jewish grooms have adopted wearing a wedding ring. However, in Orthodox Judaism, most men do not wear wedding rings. Rings are not traditional in an Indian wedding. However, in modern society it is becoming a practice to wear rings for engagements and not for actual marriage. Though the left hand is considered inauspicious for religious activities, a ring (not to be called wedding ring) is still worn on the left hand. Men generally wear the rings on the right hand and the women on the left hands. Ring finger The ring finger is the finger on which it is the

which condition would most likely require nutrition delivered through tpn

"Parenteral nutrition"
Parenteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of specialist nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by specialist pharmaceutical compounding companies and is considered to be the highest risk pharmaceutical preparation available as the products cannot undergo any form of terminal sterilization. The person receives highly complex nutritional formulae that contain nutrients such as glucose, salts, amino acids, lipids and added vitamins and dietary minerals. It is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or total nutrient admixture (TNA) when no significant nutrition is obtained by other routes, and partial

parenteral nutrition (PPN) when nutrition is also partially enteric. It may be called peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) when administered through vein access in a limb rather than through a central vein as central venous nutrition (CVN). Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is provided when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional because of an interruption in its continuity (it is blocked, or has a leak - a fistula) or because its absorptive capacity is impaired. It has been used for comatose patients, although enteral feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications. Parenteral nutrition is used to prevent malnutrition in patients who

are unable to obtain adequate nutrients by oral or enteral routes. The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommends waiting until hospital day number seven. Absolute indications for TPN: TPN may be the only feasible option for providing nutrition to patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest, including bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, gastroschisis, prolonged diarrhea regardless of its cause, very severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain pediatric GI disorders including congenital GI anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis. The benefit of

puppies and subsequently newborn babies with catastrophic gastrointestinal malignancies. Dr. Dudrick collaborated with Dr. Willmore and Dr. Vars to complete the work necessary to make this nutritional technique safe and successful. Parenteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of specialist nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by specialist pharmaceutical compounding companies and is considered to be the highest risk pharmaceutical preparation available as the products cannot undergo any form of terminal sterilization. The person receives highly complex nutritional formulae that contain nutrients such as glucose, salts, amino

not physically eat, resulting in intense hunger pangs (pains). The brain uses signals from the mouth (taste and smell), the stomach/gastrointestinal tract (fullness) and blood (nutrient levels) to determine conscious feelings of hunger. In cases of TPN, the taste, smell and physical fullness requirements are not met, and so the patient experiences hunger, despite the fact that the body is being fully nourished. Patients who eat food despite the inability can experience a wide range of complications. Total parenteral nutrition increases the risk of acute cholecystitis due to complete disuse of gastrointestinal tract, which may result in bile stasis in

levels, elevated prothrombin time (if associated with liver injury), hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and decreased gastrointestinal motility. TPN requires a chronic IV access for the solution to run through, and the most common complication is infection of this catheter. Infection is a common cause of death in these patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 15% per infection, and death usually results from septic shock. When using central venous access, the subclavian (or axillary) vein is preferred due to its ease of access and lowest infectious complications compared to the jugular and femoral vein insertions. Chronic IV access leaves a foreign

allows for the best possible mental health situation; constantly being held down can lead to resentment and depression. Physical activity is also highly encouraged, but patients must avoid contact sports (equipment damage) and swimming (infection). Many teens find it difficult to live with TPN due to issues regarding body image and not being able to participate in activities and events. TPN fully bypasses the GI tract and normal methods of nutrient absorption. Possible complications, which may be significant, are listed below. Other than those listed below, other common complications of TPN include hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercapnia, decreased copper and zinc

"Intradialytic parenteral nutrition"
Intradialytic parenteral nutrition Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is a nutritional support therapy (medical nutrition therapy) for people on hemodialysis who have a difficult time maintaining adequate nutrition. It is administered directly into the bloodstream of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an effort to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality experienced in patients with renal failure. IDPN contains protein (amino acids), carbohydrates (dextrose), and fats (lipids) in an attempt to meet a patient's weekly nutritional needs. Solutions can be individualized for each patient based on weight, needs, medical history and enteral intake. Prior to 1990, traditional therapies for

TPN to cancer patients is largely debated, and studies to date have generally showed minimal long term benefit. Short-term PN may be used if a person's digestive system has shut down (for instance by peritonitis), and they are at a low enough weight to cause concerns about nutrition during an extended hospital stay. Long-term PN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident, surgery, or digestive disorder. PN has extended the life of children born with nonexistent or severely deformed organs. Approximately 40,000 people use TPN at home in the United States, and because TPN

routinely recommended. Such complications are suggested to be the main reason for mortality in people requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition, such as in short bowel syndrome. In newborn infants with short bowel syndrome with less than 10% of expected intestinal length, thereby being dependent upon total parenteral nutrition, 5 year survival is approximately 20%. Infants who are sustained on TPN without food by mouth for prolonged periods are at risk for developing gut atrophy. Other complications are either related to catheter insertion, or metabolic, including refeeding syndrome. Catheter complications include pneumothorax, accidental arterial puncture, and catheter-related sepsis. The complication rate

"Stewie Griffin"
Stewie Griffin Stewart Gilligan ""Stewie"" Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series ""Family Guy"". He is voiced by series creator Seth MacFarlane and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Stewie was created and designed by MacFarlane himself, who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company, based on ""The Life of Larry"" and ""Larry & Steve"", two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the greenlight, the

"Stewie Goes for a Drive"
in a bad part of town. First announced at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International, the episode was written by Gary Janetti and directed by Julius Wu. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 5.73 million homes in its original airing. In addition to Reynolds, who voiced himself, the episode featured guest performances by Adam Alexi-Malle, Ralph Garman, Joe Lomonaco, Rachael MacFarlane and Tara Strong, along with several recurring guest voice actors. Peter and Lois are leaving a doctor's office when actor Ryan Reynolds asks them for

"Brian & Stewie"
one-act stage play in a way,"" because it "" rely on our standard cutaways and gags."" In a first for the series, the only voice actor to perform in the episode was series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane, who portrays both characters. In addition, neither composer Ron Jones nor composer Walter Murphy contributed any background music to the episode whatsoever. The writer of the episode, Gary Janetti, wrote the episode based on a loose script written by MacFarlane, as well as various phone conversations about the structure of the storyline, and the various acts. ""Brian & Stewie"", along with

"Stewie Loves Lois"
to lack of laughter from the audience. MacFarlane comments that the scene of Peter standing up to his teacher who was giving the class a test, is a reference to ""80's TV bullshit"". In addition to the regular cast, actress Ellen Albertini Dow, voice actors Dave Boat, Phil LaMarr and Kevin Michael Richardson, and actress Anne-Michelle Seiler guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Lori Alan, Alex Breckenridge, writer Mike Henry, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. Recurring cast members Adam West and Patrick Warburton guest starred in the episode

"Family Guy"
reference in the scene made light of Jesus and his followers — not Metrano or his act. The case was settled out of court in 2010 with undisclosed terms. Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. Since MacFarlane had a strong vision for these characters, he chose to voice them himself, believing it would be easier than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on

"Seth MacFarlane filmography"
Seth MacFarlane filmography Seth MacFarlane is an American actor, animator, writer, producer, director, comedian, and singer. MacFarlane began his career as an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series, including ""Johnny Bravo"", ""Cow and Chicken"", ""Dexter's Laboratory"", ""I Am Weasel"", and created a sequel to his college thesis film ""Larry & Steve"". Since 1999, MacFarlane has served has creator, writer, executive producer, and lead voice actor in the adult animated sitcom ""Family Guy"" on FOX. He voices the characters of Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, Brian Griffin and among other characters. The series has garnered critical acclaim with critics

for ""Stewie Goes for a Drive"". An announcement of Reynolds' appearance in the episode was made at the Television Critics Association's summer press tour, along with several other guest voice actors for the season. In addition to the regular cast, actor and musician Adam Alexi-Malle, actor Ralph Garman, voice actor Joe Lomonaco, voice actress Rachael MacFarlane, actor Ryan Reynolds, and voice actress Tara Strong guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alec Sulkin, writer John Viener and writer Wellesley Wild made minor appearances throughout the episode. In the opening scene of the episode when Peter and Lois first

"Brian Griffin"
Brian Griffin Brian Griffin is a fictional character from the American animated television series ""Family Guy"". An anthropomorphic white dog voiced by Seth MacFarlane, he is one of the show's main characters as a member of the Griffin family. He primarily works in the series as a less-than-adept writer struggling to find himself, attempting essays, novels, screenplays, and newspaper articles. He first appeared on television, along with the rest of the family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Brian was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company,

Furious"" franchise as follows. This is exactly how writer Cherry Chevapravatdumrong ranks the franchise. In the season 16 episode ""Send in Stewie, Please"", it is revealed that Stewie's English accent is fake and that he actually has an American Boston accent. Stewie's voice is provided by ""Family Guy"" creator Seth MacFarlane, who also provides the voices of Brian Griffin, Peter Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire as well as numerous other characters. MacFarlane based Stewie's accent on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964 musical drama film ""My Fair Lady"". MacFarlane has stated that his

"Go, Stewie, Go!"
footage of the ""Family Guy"" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, musician Stephen Bishop rerecorded his single ""It Might Be You"", actress Mo Collins appeared as a little girl, voice actor Colin Ford appeared briefly as Randall, actress Anne Hathaway appeared as Mother Maggie, actor Lucas Grabeel appeared as Meg's new boyfriend Anthony, voice actress Nana Visitor appeared briefly as the audition caller and voice actress Mae Whitman appeared as Julie. Recurring guest voice actors Ralph Garman, writer Gary Janetti, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly and writer John

"Langer's Deli"
Langer's Deli Langer's Deli, also known as Langer's Delicatessen-Restaurant, is a kosher-style delicatessen located at 704 South Alvarado Street in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, opposite MacArthur Park. Founded in 1947, Langer's is known for its No. 19 pastrami on rye sandwich, described by the ""Los Angeles Times"" as ""the Marilyn Monroe of pastrami sandwiches"". Since its founding, the restaurant claims to have sold over of pastrami, and its pastrami has been deemed by some as being the best in the world. Langer's Deli was opened in June 1947 by Albert J. Langer, originally as a deli catering to

"Junior's"
Junior's Junior's is a restaurant chain with the original location at 386 Flatbush Avenue Extension at the corner of DeKalb Avenue in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Other locations include Times Square area and the lobby of the MGM Grand Hotel in the Foxwoods Resort in Ledyard, Connecticut. The restaurant was founded by Harry Rosen in 1950, although his family had run a diner in that location, albeit not under the Junior's name, since 1929. The place is known for iconic New York-style cheesecake. According to the restaurant, it was named Junior's after Rosen's two sons, Walter and Marvin. According

years later, Langer's was awarded the America's Classics award by the James Beard Foundation, the second restaurant in Los Angeles (after Philippe's, awarded in 1999) to be given the honor. Langer's Deli Langer's Deli, also known as Langer's Delicatessen-Restaurant, is a kosher-style delicatessen located at 704 South Alvarado Street in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, opposite MacArthur Park. Founded in 1947, Langer's is known for its No. 19 pastrami on rye sandwich, described by the ""Los Angeles Times"" as ""the Marilyn Monroe of pastrami sandwiches"". Since its founding, the restaurant claims to have sold over of pastrami, and its

"Zehnder's"
Zehnder's Zehnder's is a large restaurant in Frankenmuth, Michigan. It has seating for 1,500 people and features all-you-can-eat family-style chicken dinners, seafood, steaks, fresh baked goods and European desserts. Every year Zehnder's serves almost a million people. In the 1980s, it was one of the ten largest restaurants in the United States. Zehnder's was originally built as the Exchange Hotel by Henry Reichle in 1856. Reichle ran the hotel for twenty years, after which it was sold and operated by several different people. In 1927, William Zehnder Sr. purchased the hotel remodeling the building, including redesigning its facade to resemble

"Al Schacht"
eponymous steakhouse at 102 E. 52nd Street (at Park Avenue) in Manhattan was popular for decades, catering to a clientele of sports stars and stage and screen celebrities. The menus at Al Schacht's were round, fashioned as oversized baseballs, and featured dishes named after old-time players. From time to time, Schacht would mount the small restaurant stage and launch into his old routines, to the delight of patrons. The restaurant's exterior appears in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's when protagonist Holly Golightly and friend Paul Varjak go there for dinner. Schacht, wrote: ""There is talk that I am Jewish—just

"Wilensky's"
Wilensky's Wilensky's Light Lunch (casse-croûte Wilensky), styled in its exterior signage as simply Wilensky to conform to one interpretation of Bill 101, is a lunch counter located at 34 Fairmount Avenue West in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Opened in 1932 by Moe Wilensky, the restaurant was immortalized in Mordecai Richler's novel, ""The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz"". Scenes in the film version of the book were shot in the restaurant. Wilensky's is most famous for its ""Special"": a grilled beef salami and beef bologna sandwich with mustard on a kaiser roll, pressed flat from the grill — mustard is compulsory, as a

"Candle Cafe"
as Woody Harrelson have been known to frequent the restaurant. A second location is on the Upper West Side. In 2013, ""Zagat's"" gave it a 25 rating for food, making it the second-highest rated of the 46 New York City health food restaurants rated by the survey. Candle Cafe Candle Cafe is a vegan restaurant located at 1307 Third Avenue (between East 74th and East 75th Streets) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in New York City. The restaurant has an eclectic all-vegan menu. Its decor is simple, casual, and no-frills, with hardwood floors and with dark tiles at

"Sushi Seki"
Sushi Seki Sushi Seki (formerly, Sushihatsu) is a Japanese sushi restaurant located at 1143 First Avenue (between East 62nd Street and East 63rd Street), on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 2002. Seki, who uses only one name and who spent five years at Sushi of Gari, is the chef and owner. Chefs such as Jean-Georges Vongerichten from Jean Georges, Eric Ripert of Le Bernadin, Daniel Boulud, and Gordon Ramsay dine at the restaurant. Among its offerings are butter fish, tuna tofu, young yellowtail with jalapeño, and pickled toro. It offers omakase. In

Seinfeld
is also based on David's experiences. ""The Smelly Car"" storyline is based on Peter Mehlman's lawyer friend, who could not get a bad smell out of his car. ""The Strike"" is based on Dan O'Keefe's dad, who made up his own holiday—Festivus. Other stories take on a variety of turns. ""The Chinese Restaurant"" consists of George, Jerry and Elaine waiting for a table throughout the entire episode. ""The Boyfriend"", revolving around Keith Hernandez, extends through 2 episodes. ""The Betrayal"" is famous for using reverse chronology, and was inspired by a similar plot device in a Harold Pinter play, ""Betrayal"". Some

Candle Cafe Candle Cafe is a vegan restaurant located at 1307 Third Avenue (between East 74th and East 75th Streets) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in New York City. The restaurant has an eclectic all-vegan menu. Its decor is simple, casual, and no-frills, with hardwood floors and with dark tiles at the juice bar. It was opened in 1994 as a juice bar and health food cafe, and is owned by Joy Pierson and Bart Potenza. The Potenzas used $53,000 they won in the New York State Take Five lottery in 1993 to start the restaurant. Celebrities such

"Joe Rubbo"
a minor role in the 1996 movie ""Striptease"". Rubbo made numerous television appearances on ""The Late Show with David Letterman"" throughout the 1980s, most memorably playing Letterman's stepson ""Ray Letterman"" in a sketch. Since 2010, he has been the executive producer of ""VIP Television"", an entertainment news/lifestyle program focused on South Florida. Joe Rubbo Joseph ""Joe"" Rubbo (born July 26, 1963) is an American film actor and television producer best known for his performance as David in the 1982 coming-of-age comedy-drama ""The Last American Virgin"". He is a member of SAG-AFTRA. Rubbo was born in The Bronx, New York. One

"Evan Helmuth"
a surprising $34.5 million to win its opening weekend in January 2012. Most recently, Helmuth appeared in the 2013 biopic, ""Jobs"". In addition to his spot on ""Alias"", Helmuth's television credits included guest roles on ""NCIS"" (2006), ""Bones"" (2012), ""Rizzoli & Isles"" (2012), ""Perception"" (2013), and ""Battle Creek"" (2015). Helmuth died at the age of 40 on July 17, 2017, in Los Angeles, California, after complications from a stroke. Evan Helmuth Evan Hershey Helmuth (May 18, 1977 – July 17, 2017) was an American film and television actor. Helmuth was best known for his lead role as Father David Keane

"Jay Huguley"
Jay Huguley Jay Huguley (born July 26, 1966) is an American film, TV and theatre actor, best known for playing David on AMC's ""The Walking Dead"", and Jimmy Ledoux on HBO's ""True Detective"", opposite Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson. Huguley was born in Englewood, New Jersey and raised in nearby Tenafly, New Jersey, the youngest of three boys, to father Arthur W. Huguley, III, a commodities trader and President of Westway Trading Corporation, and mother Katherine McCrae Yarborough Huguley, a housewife. As a child, Huguley spent his teenage years attending The Peddie School, a boarding school in Hightstown, New Jersey,

"The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story"
but that he would have been happy if Ricky Martin, who plays his role, got in contact to get some insight into his relationship with Versace. According to Ryan Murphy, Donatella Versace was very supportive that Penélope Cruz played her role. As Cruz and Versace are friends, Murphy explained that, when he offered her the role, Cruz asked the permission of Versace before agreeing to do it. He also revealed that, while Cruz was representing the series at the 75th Golden Globe Awards, Versace ""very graciously sent [her] a lovely and huge flower arrangement saying 'good luck.'"" The Assassination of

"Wallace Langham"
slurs at him while he was being beaten) and was ordered to serve three years probation and to serve 450 hours of community service for gay and lesbian charities, and to donate $10,000 to the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center. In exchange for pleading no contest, prosecutors dropped a hate crime charge that had been filed against him. In a statement, Langham said he supports gay rights ""and would have never attacked anyone had I not first been provoked"". Wallace Langham James Wallace Langham II (born March 11, 1965) is an American actor. He played the role of David

"David Diaan"
David Diaan David Diaan, also known as David Davoodian, is a Los Angeles–based actor, writer, producer, and entrepreneur. He is best known for his roles in films such as ""The Stoning of Soraya M."", ""America So Beautiful"". ""The Dogwalker"", ""The Ten"", ""Peep World"", and ""Mossadegh"". He has also appeared on television shows such as ""NCIS"", ""Weeds"", ""Parks and Recreation"" and ""The Unit"". He was born Fariborz Davoodian in Iran during the era of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. His father, Elias Davoodian, was a textile distributor who had built a reputation as a trustworthy businessman. As a hobby, David's father Elias,

"David Marciano"
part for two seasons before his character was written out, replaced by Detective Stanley Kowalski (Callum Keith Rennie), due to filming commitments. He returned for the series finale in 1999 where Vecchio and Kowalski's ex-wife got together. He then appeared in the 1996 season 3 episode of ""Touched By An Angel"" entitled ""Into The Light"" playing a dying man in need of a heart transplant. Later he took the role of Giorgio Clericuzio in the 1997 mini-series of Mario Puzo's ""The Last Don"". He has appeared in episodes of various TV shows, including """", ""Midnight Caller"", ""Judging Amy"", ""Nash Bridges"",

"Andy Buckley"
(a.k.a. Christopher Blake Johnson) indie horror film, All Light Will End, alongside Sarah Butler, John Schuck, and Sam Jones III. Andy Buckley Andrew P. Buckley Jr. (born February 13, 1965) is an American actor, screenwriter, and stockbroker. He is best known for his role as David Wallace on the American comedy series ""The Office"" from 2006 to 2013. Buckley was born in Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Barbara J. (King) and Andrew P. Buckley. He has two brothers, Fred and Bradford, and a sister, Barbara (Bonnie). He attended Pine Crest School, where he graduated in 1983, and Stanford University, where

"Kris Paronto"
Kris Paronto Kris ""Tanto"" Paronto is an American author and speaker as well as a former U.S. Army Ranger and CIA security contractor. Paronto is known for his actions while part of the CIA annex security team during the 2012 terrorist attack on the U.S. Ambassador to Libya Chris Stephens and the CIA compound in Benghazi. He is featured in the book ""13 Hours: The Inside Account of What Really Happened in Benghazi"" and is credited as a co-author. Paronto was portrayed by Pablo Schreiber in the film """". He is author of the 2017 self-improvement novel """". Paronto was

"James Purefoy"
James Purefoy James Brian Mark Purefoy (born 3 June 1964) is an English actor, producer and director. He played Mark Antony in the HBO series ""Rome"", former college professor-turned-serial-killer Joe Carroll in the series ""The Following"", and Solomon Kane in the feature film ""Solomon Kane"". In February 2018 he starred as Laurens Bancroft in ""Altered Carbon"", a Netflix original series. He was born in Somerset and attended Sherborne School before training at the Central School of Speech and Drama. His appearances in stage plays and a variety of television roles in the UK and USA have grown since the 1980s.

a representative democracy, ""in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law"". The United States is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States (OAS), and other international organizations. The United States is a highly developed country, with the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP, accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP. The U.S. economy is largely post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge-based activities, although the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world. The United States is the world's

of autonomy, but also like the states, tribes are not allowed to make war, engage in their own foreign relations, or print and issue currency. Citizenship is granted at birth in all states, the District of Columbia, and all major U.S. territories except American Samoa. The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in

by minority rights protected by law"". The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. For 2016, the U.S. ranked 21st on the Democracy Index (tied with Italy) and 18th on the Corruption Perceptions Index. In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local. The local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is

Democracy
widespread social, economic and political equality. Although not described as a democracy by the founding fathers, they shared a determination to root the American experiment in the principles of natural freedom and equality. The American Revolution led to the adoption of the United States Constitution in 1787, the oldest surviving, still active, governmental codified constitution. The Constitution provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties for some, but did not end slavery nor extend voting rights in the United States beyond white male property owners (about 6% of the population). The Bill of Rights in 1791 set

as the country's dominant political organizations, and party allegiance had become an important part of most people's consciousness. Party loyalty was passed from fathers to sons, and party activities, including spectacular campaign events, complete with uniformed marching groups and torchlight parades, were a part of the social life of many communities. By the 1920s, however, this boisterous folksiness had diminished. Municipal reforms, civil service reform, corrupt practices acts, and presidential primaries to replace the power of politicians at national conventions had all helped to clean up politics. Since the 1790s, the country has been run by two major parties, beginning

or block the president's agenda, respectively. Most of the Founding Fathers rejected political parties as divisive and disruptive. By the 1790s, however, most joined one of the two new parties, and by the 1830s parties had become accepted as central to the democracy. By the 1790s, the First Party System was born. Men who held opposing views strengthened their cause by identifying and organizing men of like mind. The followers of Alexander Hamilton, were called ""Federalists""; they favored a strong central government that would support the interests of national defense, commerce and industry. The followers of Thomas Jefferson, the Jeffersonians

no restrictions, however, on the amounts PACs can spend independently to advocate a point of view or to urge the election of candidates to office. ""The number of interest groups has mushroomed, with more and more of them operating offices in Washington, D.C., and representing themselves directly to Congress and federal agencies,"" says Michael Schudson in his 1998 book ""The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life"". ""Many organizations that keep an eye on Washington seek financial and moral support from ordinary citizens. Since many of them focus on a narrow set of concerns or even on a single

"Megan Park"
Megan Park Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Grace Bowman in the television series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"". Born in Lindsay, Ontario, Park began her acting career with small parts starting at age 6. She attended Oakridge Secondary School, in London, Ontario. She was also a part of the Original Kids Theatre program. Her first major roles came with a guest spot on the Lifetime series ""Angela's Eyes"" and a minor role in the indie movie ""Charlie Bartlett"". Park completed a guest starring role

the TV series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"". Park also appeared, together with Tyler Hilton, in a music video called ""(Kissed You) Good Night"" recorded by the American country music group Gloriana. In July 2006, Park started dating actor and singer Tyler Hilton, after meeting him on the set of ""Charlie Bartlett"". They became engaged in December 2013, and married on October 10, 2015. Megan Park Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Grace Bowman in the television series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"".

"India Eisley"
India Eisley India Joy Eisley (born October 29, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Ashley Juergens in the ABC Family television series ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"", and her roles as Eve in 2012 film """", Sawa in the 2014 film ""Kite"", and Audrina in the 2016 television film ""My Sweet Audrina"". Eisley was born in 1993, to musician David Glen Eisley and actress Olivia Hussey. Her grandfather was actor Anthony Eisley. Eisley and her mother appeared together in the 2005 movie ""Headspace"". After small roles in various independent films, Eisley gained

"Julia Whelan"
Julia Whelan Julia May Whelan (born May 8, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Grace Manning on the TV drama series ""Once and Again"" (1999-2002), and her co-starring role in the 2002 Lifetime Television movie, ""The Secret Life of Zoey"". A noted child actor, Whelan first appeared on screen at the age of eleven, and continued to take television roles until her matriculation into Middlebury College in 2004; Whelan graduated magna cum laude from Middlebury in 2008 after spending the 2006-7 academic year as a visiting student at Lincoln College, Oxford. Whelan returned

"Rachael Coopes"
Rachael Coopes Rachael Coopes (sometimes credited as Rachel Coopes) is an Australian actress, best known for her character ""Sigourney"" in the SBS cult parody series ""Life Support"". After starring in her first acting role as Max Cullen's daughter in the Australian film ""Billy's Holiday"" for which she received positive reviews despite the film getting a mixed response, she went on to complete a Bachelor of Economics at the University of Sydney. Coopes has appeared as a guest actor in various television series including ""White Collar Blue"" and ""The Secret Life of Us"". She was a series regular in the ABC

"Renee Olstead"
Renee Olstead Renee Olstead (born June 18, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Active since childhood as an actress, she is best known for her roles on the CBS sitcom ""Still Standing"" and on the drama ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"" as Madison Cooperstein. In addition, she has recorded four studio albums, primarily of jazz music. Olstead was born in Kingwood, Texas, to Christopher Eric Olstead and Rebecca Lynn Jeffries. Olstead is of Norwegian ancestry. As a child actress, she made films and commercials from age eight onwards. She also attended Centre Stage theatrical school and is

"Tricia O'Kelley"
later starred in two television pilots, and from 2011 to 2013 had a recurring role as Camille Boykewich in the ABC Family teen drama series, ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"". In 2013, O'Kelley starred in the Lifetime movie ""Missing at 17"", and in next year was cast for second season of Lifetime comedy-drama series, ""Devious Maids"", as Tanya Taseltof. O'Kelley was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, and grew up in La Grange, Illinois. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband, Adam, and their two children. In addition to acting, O'Kelley

"The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe"
The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe is a 2015 American made-for-TV drama film on Marilyn Monroe. It stars Kelli Garner, Susan Sarandon, Emily Watson, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and Eva Amurri Martino and was first aired on Lifetime on May 30 and May 31, 2015. The (two-hour forty-seven minute) miniseries is based on ""The New York Times"" bestseller of the same name by J. Randy Taraborrelli. It has been nominated for 3 Creative Arts Emmy Awards A chronicle of Marilyn Monroe's family life, her relationship with her mother, Gladys Baker, and how she succeeded in

"Qing dynasty"
mostly members of the Chinese gentry – could muster. The Xiang Army and its successor, the Huai Army, created by Zeng Guofan's colleague and protégée Li Hongzhang, were collectively called the ""Yong Ying"" (Brave Camp). Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own ""private"" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to

upon the untimely demise of his father. To prevent a repeat of Dorgon's dictatorial monopolizing of power during the regency, the Shunzhi Emperor, on his deathbed, hastily appointed four senior cabinet ministers to govern on behalf of his young son. The four ministers – Sonin, Ebilun, Suksaha, and Oboi – were chosen for their long service, but also to counteract each other's influences. Most important, the four were not closely related to the imperial family and laid no claim to the throne. However, as time passed, through chance and machination, Oboi, the most junior of the four, achieved such political

1636. There are competing explanations on the meaning of ""Qīng"" (lit. ""clear"" or ""pure""). The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty (), which consists of the Chinese characters for ""sun"" () and ""moon"" (), both associated with the fire element of the Chinese zodiacal system. The character ""Qīng"" () is composed of ""water"" () and ""azure"" (), both associated with the water element. This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water. The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and

came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title ""Tongzhi"" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881,

set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats. Starting with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858, France expanded control of Indochina. By 1883, France was in full control of the region and had reached the Chinese border. The Sino-French War began with a surprise attack by the French on the Chinese southern fleet at Fuzhou. After that the Chinese declared war on the French. A French invasion of Taiwan was halted and the French were defeated on land in Tonkin at the Battle of Bang Bo. However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup

of Russia. Zheng's former soldiers on Taiwan like the rattan shield troops were also inducted into the Eight Banners and used by the Qing against Russian Cossacks at Albazin. The 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk was China's first formal treaty with a European power and kept the border peaceful for the better part of two centuries. After Galdan's death, his followers, as adherents to Tibetan Buddhism, attempted to control the choice of the next Dalai Lama. Kangxi dispatched two armies to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and installed a Dalai Lama sympathetic to the Qing. By the end of the 17th

while laying siege to Ningyuan. He died a few months later and was succeeded by his eighth son, Hong Taiji, who emerged after a short political struggle amongst other potential contenders as the new Khan. Although Hong Taiji was an experienced leader and the commander of two Banners at the time of his succession, his reign did not start well on the military front. The Jurchens suffered yet another defeat in 1627 at the hands of Yuan Chonghuan. As before, this defeat was, in part, due to the Ming's newly acquired Portuguese cannons. To redress the technological and numerical disparity,

remain content and benevolent spirits, known as ""shen"" who would thus keep watch over the family tradition and protect it in the process. Although such actions could be seen as mere superstition, perhaps it was the family’s guilt or grief for the unexpected or abnormal that resulted in them. Thus, the ancestral cult focuses on the family and lineage and its cohesion, rather than on more public matters such as community and nation, causing the family to be more bound together and result in the most powerful and prevalent element in Chinese society. By the end of the 17th century,

around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not. What was to become the Manchu state was founded by Nurhaci, the chieftain of a minor Jurchen tribethe Aisin Gioroin Jianzhou in the early 17th century. Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhaci embarked on an intertribal feud in 1582 that escalated into a campaign to unify the nearby tribes. By 1616, he had sufficiently consolidated Jianzhou so as to be able to proclaim himself Khan of the Great Jin in reference to the

Wu Jingzi's ""Rulin waishi"" (1750) and Li Ruzhen's ""Flowers in the Mirror"" (1827). In drama, Kong Shangren's Kunqu opera ""The Peach Blossom Fan"", completed in 1699, portrayed the tragic downfall of the Ming dynasty in romantic terms. The most prestigious form became the so-called Peking opera, though local and folk opera were also widely popular. Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday

in what state was the united states center of population gravity located during the period 1790

"1790 United States Census"
1790 United States Census The United States Census of 1790 was the first census of the whole United States. It recorded the population of the United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and applicable laws. In the first census, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214. Congress assigned responsibility for the 1790 census to the marshals of United States judicial districts under an act which, with minor modifications and extensions, governed census taking until the 1840 census. ""The law required that every

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont; however, the validity and existence of most of these data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as follows: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves. Under the direction of the current Secretary

"Demographic history of the United States"
colonies' settlements were scattered west of New York City, New York (est. 1626 by Dutch, taken over by the English in 1664) and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (est. 1682). The Dutch-started colony of New York had the most eclectic collection of residents from many different nations and prospered as a major trading and commercial center after about 1700. The Pennsylvania colonial center was dominated by the Quakers for decades after they emigrated there, mainly from the North Midlands of England, from about 1680 to 1725. The main commercial center of Philadelphia was run mostly by prosperous Quakers, supplemented by many small farming

"Mean center of the United States population"
The shift projected for the 2010–2020 period would be the shortest centroid movement since the Great Depression intercensal period of 1930–1940. Mean center of the United States population The mean center of the United States population is determined by the United States Census Bureau from the results of each national census. The Bureau defines it as follows: After moving roughly west by south during the 19th century, the shift in the mean center of population during the 20th century was less pronounced, moving west and south. Nearly 79% of the overall southerly movement happened between 1950 and 2000. Given the

of State Thomas Jefferson, marshals collected data from all thirteen states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia), and from the Southwest Territory. The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. (From 1777 until early 1791, and hence during all of 1790, Vermont was a de facto independent country whose government took the position that Vermont was not then a part of the United States.) Both Secretary of State

Thomas Jefferson and President George Washington expressed skepticism over the results, believing that the true population had been undercounted. If there was indeed an undercount, possible explanations for it include dispersed population, poor transportation links, limitations of contemporary technology, and individual refusal to participate. No microdata from the 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. 1790 United States Census The United States Census of 1790 was the first census of the whole United States. It recorded the population of the

Mean center of the United States population The mean center of the United States population is determined by the United States Census Bureau from the results of each national census. The Bureau defines it as follows: After moving roughly west by south during the 19th century, the shift in the mean center of population during the 20th century was less pronounced, moving west and south. Nearly 79% of the overall southerly movement happened between 1950 and 2000. Given the strong pull of Texas, Florida, and the Western US, the population center would be heading towards and one day entering Oklahoma.

"Compromise of 1790"
Compromise of 1790 The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson with James Madison wherein Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South. The compromise resolved the deadlock in Congress. Southerners were blocking the assumption of state debts by the treasury, thereby destroying the Hamiltonian program for building a fiscally strong national state. Northerners rejected the proposal, much desired by Virginians, to locate the permanent national capital on the Virginia-Maryland border. The compromise

"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)"
a host of consumer products and services protected by trademark. Outside of the U.S. and Canada, Milne retained most of his literary copyright rights which he left to four beneficiaries of his trust: The Garrick Club, Westminster School, The Royal Literary Fund and the A. A. Milne Family. By direction of Milne's will, the Pooh Properties Trust was formed. Mrs. Milne, trustee of the Milne Estate and Spencer Curtis Brown, Trustee, licensed certain exclusive film rights to Disney in 1961. Christopher Robin Milne sold his rights to the other copyright holders, in order to raise money to support his daughter,

Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On 26 June 2006, the US Supreme Court refused to hear the case, sustaining the ruling and ensuring the defeat of the suit. On 19 February 2007 Disney lost a court case in Los Angeles which ruled their ""misguided claims"" to dispute the licensing agreements with Slesinger, Inc. were unjustified, but a federal ruling of 28 September 2009, again from Judge Florence-Marie Cooper, determined that the Slesinger family had granted all trademarks and copyrights to Disney, although Disney must pay royalties for all future use of the characters. Both parties have expressed satisfaction

for destroying forty boxes of evidential documents, the suit was later terminated by another judge when it was discovered that Slesinger's investigator had rummaged through Disney's garbage to retrieve the discarded evidence. Slesinger appealed the termination and, on 26 September 2007, a three-judge panel upheld the lawsuit dismissal. After the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, Clare Milne, Christopher Milne's daughter, attempted to terminate any future US copyrights for Stephen Slesinger, Inc. After a series of legal hearings, Judge Florence-Marie Cooper of the US District Court in California found in favour of Stephen Slesinger, Inc., as did the United States

agreements between Stephen Slesinger, Inc. and Disney. The same year, A. A. Milne's widow, Daphne Milne, also licensed certain rights, including motion picture rights, to Disney. Since 1966, Disney has released numerous animated productions starring Winnie the Pooh and related characters. These have included theatrical featurettes, television series, and direct-to-video films, as well as the theatrical feature-length films ""The Tigger Movie"", ""Piglet's Big Movie"", ""Pooh's Heffalump Movie"", and ""Winnie the Pooh"". Pooh videos, soft toys, and other merchandise generate substantial annual revenues for Disney. The size of Pooh stuffed toys ranges from Beanie and miniature to human-sized. In addition to

"A. A. Milne"
had been paying twice-yearly royalties to these beneficiaries. The estate of E. H. Shepard also received a sum in the deal. The UK copyright on the text of the original Winnie the Pooh books expires on 1 January 2027; at the beginning of the year after the 70th anniversary of the author's death (PMA-70), and has already expired in those countries with a PMA-50 rule. This applies to all of Milne's works except those first published posthumously. The illustrations in the Pooh books will remain under copyright until the same amount of time has passed, after the illustrator's death; in

the stylised Disney Pooh, Disney markets Classic Pooh merchandise which more closely resembles E.H. Shepard's illustrations. In 1991, Stephen Slesinger, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Disney which alleged that Disney had breached their 1983 agreement by again failing to accurately report revenue from Winnie the Pooh sales. Under this agreement, Disney was to retain approximately 98% of gross worldwide revenues while the remaining 2% was to be paid to Slesinger. In addition, the suit alleged that Disney had failed to pay required royalties on all commercial exploitation of the product name. Though the Disney corporation was sanctioned by a judge

The rights to A. A. Milne's Pooh books were left to four beneficiaries: his family, the Royal Literary Fund, Westminster School and the Garrick Club. After Milne's death in 1956, one week and six days after his 74th birthday, his widow sold her rights to the Pooh characters to Stephen Slesinger, whose widow sold the rights after Slesinger's death to the Walt Disney Company, which has made many Pooh cartoon movies, a Disney Channel television show, as well as Pooh-related merchandise. In 2001, the other beneficiaries sold their interest in the estate to the Disney Corporation for $350m. Previously Disney

now-familiar red shirt and featured on an RCA Victor picture record. Parker Brothers introduced ""A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh Game"" in 1933, again with Pooh in his red shirt. In the 1940s, Agnes Brush created the first plush dolls with Pooh in his red shirt. Shepard had drawn Pooh with a shirt as early as the first Winnie-The-Pooh book, which was subsequently coloured red in later coloured editions. After Slesinger's death in 1953, his wife, Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, continued developing the character herself. In 1961, she licensed rights to Walt Disney Productions in exchange for royalties in the first of two

his lifetime, Milne was liberal with his grant of rights. At times he licensed the same exclusive rights to more than one entity. In the United States, E. P. Dutton and Company acquired exclusive volume publication rights and Stephen Slesinger, Inc., acquired sole and exclusive rights to virtually all uses outside of the Dutton books as well as rights to any sorts of future uses. Beginning in 1930 Stephen Slesinger created all of the distinctive and colorful images of Pooh outside of the books. Under license from Slesinger, Pooh made his debuts in radio, film, animation, children's theatre, advertising and

"Chicago P.D. (TV series)"
Chicago P.D. (TV series) Chicago P.D. is an American police procedural drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead as the second installment of Dick Wolf's ""Chicago"" franchise. The series premiered on NBC as a mid-season replacement on January 8, 2014. The show follows the uniformed patrol officers and the Intelligence Unit of the 21st District of the Chicago Police Department as they pursue the perpetrators of the city's major street offenses. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a sixth season. The season premiered on September 26, 2018. ""Chicago P.D."" follows the Chicago Police Department

ugly, plodding and crass?"" Chicago P.D. (TV series) Chicago P.D. is an American police procedural drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead as the second installment of Dick Wolf's ""Chicago"" franchise. The series premiered on NBC as a mid-season replacement on January 8, 2014. The show follows the uniformed patrol officers and the Intelligence Unit of the 21st District of the Chicago Police Department as they pursue the perpetrators of the city's major street offenses. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a sixth season. The season premiered on September 26, 2018. ""Chicago P.D."" follows

"Chicago P.D. (season 5)"
Chicago P.D. (season 5) The fifth season of ""Chicago P.D."", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Rick Eid, premiered on September 27, 2017 and concluded on May 9, 2018. The season contained 22 episodes This season featured its 100th episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 25, 2017, it was announced that Sophia Bush would be departing the series, while Jon Seda is set to return after the cancellation of ""Chicago Justice"". After recurring last season as Detective Hailey Upton, Tracy Spiridakos has been promoted to a series regular for this

character Antonio would become an investigator for the DA's office. The series premiered on March 1, 2017. NBC canceled the series after one season. In July 2017, it was announced that Seda would rejoin ""Chicago P.D."" full time. On March 27, 2013, it was reported that NBC was considering plans for a spin-off of ""Chicago Fire"". Deadline Hollywood revealed that the proposed spin-off would involve the Chicago Police Department, and would be created and executive produced by Dick Wolf, Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead. On May 10, 2013, NBC picked up the show for the 2013–14 United States

"2017 Chicago Cubs season"
2017 Chicago Cubs season The 2017 Chicago Cubs season was the 146th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 142nd in the National League and the Cubs' 102nd season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs were the defending World Series champions, having defeated the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. The Cubs were managed by Joe Maddon, in his third year as Cubs manager, and played their home games at Wrigley Field as members of the National League Central Division. The Cubs began the season on April 2, 2017 at the St. Louis Cardinals and finished the regular season October

"Chicago P.D. (season 2)"
Chicago P.D. (season 2) The second season of ""Chicago P.D."", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, began airing on September 24, 2014, at 10:00 p.m. Eastern/9:00 p.m. Central, and concluded on May 20, 2015 on the NBC television network. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Archie Kao's character Detective Sheldon Jin was killed in the first season's finale, thus his character will not be appearing in the second season of the show. However, showrunner Matt Olmstead revealed that ""It [Jin's death] shakes everybody up...definitely for the

""Chicago Fire"", continuing with ""Chicago P.D."" and concluding with """". The DVD release of season two is set to be released in Region 1 on September 1, 2015 Chicago P.D. (season 2) The second season of ""Chicago P.D."", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, began airing on September 24, 2014, at 10:00 p.m. Eastern/9:00 p.m. Central, and concluded on May 20, 2015 on the NBC television network. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Archie Kao's character Detective Sheldon Jin was killed in the first season's finale,

network television schedule. On May 12, 2013, the show was announced as an unscheduled midseason replacement. On October 18, 2013, NBC announced that it would premiere on January 8, 2014, at 10:00 p.m. EST, after """". On November 9, 2015, NBC renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 21, 2016. On May 10, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 27, 2017. The series is filmed entirely in Chicago. The exterior of the station house is the Old Maxwell Street Police Station (943 West Maxwell Street) and is the same

who will eventually crossover on to ""Chicago Fire"". On December 20, 2013, it was announced that both Eastwood and Raymonde had departed the series over creative differences. On September 2016, it was reported that series regular Jon Seda would move to the new spin-off ""Chicago Justice"" as regular. After ""Justice""'s cancellation, in July 2017 it was disclosed that Seda would move back to ""Chicago P.D."" as series regular for season 5 In May 2017, it was announced that Sophia Bush would depart the series after four seasons In July 2017, Tracy Spiridakos was promoted to series regular as Det. Hailey

Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of ""Chicago Fire"", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse of Engine 51, Truck 81, Squad 3, Ambulance 61 and Battalion 25. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude>

"National debt of the United States"
held by the public was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion, for a total or ""National Debt"" of $21.6 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $9.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then

approximately 47 percent of the debt held by the public of $12.8 trillion and 34 percent of the total debt of $17.8 trillion. , the largest holders were China, Japan, Ireland, and Brazil. The share held by foreign governments has grown over time, rising from 13 percent of the public debt in 1988 to 25 percent in 2007. As of September 2014, the largest single holder of U.S. government debt was China, with 21 percent of all foreign-held U.S. Treasury securities (10 percent of total U.S. public debt). China's holdings of government debt as a percentage of all foreign-held government

As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total of $21 trillion. As of October 28, 2018, public debt was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion with a total of $21.7 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. The national debt can

public portion is moved and combined with the total government portion, because this amount is owned by the Federal Reserve as part of United States monetary policy. (See Federal Reserve System.) As is apparent from the chart, a little less than half of the total national debt is owed to the ""Federal Reserve and intragovernmental holdings"". The foreign and international holders of the debt are also put together from the notes, bills, and bonds sections. To the right is a chart for the data as of June 2008: As of September 2014, foreigners owned $6.06 trillion of U.S. debt, or

permanent, perpetual kind of security"". The government controls the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which would normally criticize inconsistent accounting practices, but it does not oversee its own government's accounting practices or the standards set by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. The on- or off-balance sheet obligations of those two independent GSEs was just over $5 trillion at the time the conservatorship was put in place, consisting mainly of mortgage payment guarantees and agency bonds. The confusing ""independent but government-controlled"" status of the GSEs has resulted in investors of the legacy common shares and preferred shares launching various activist

the OECD, general government gross debt (federal, state, and local) in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2015 was $22.5 trillion (125% of GDP); subtracting out $5.25 trillion for intergovernmental federal debt to count only federal ""debt held by the public"" gives 96% of GDP. The ratio is higher if the total national debt is used, by adding the ""intragovernmental debt"" to the ""debt held by the public."" For example, on April 29, 2016, debt held by the public was approximately $13.84 trillion or about 76% of GDP. Intra-governmental holdings stood at $5.35 trillion, giving a combined total

U.S. nuclear weapons from 1940 to 1998 was $5.5 trillion in 1996 Dollars. The total public debt at the end of fiscal year 1998 was $5,478,189,000,000 in 1998 Dollars or $5.3 trillion in 1996 Dollars. Sources: Eurostat, International Monetary Fund, ""World Economic Outlook"" (emerging market economies); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ""Economic Outlook"" (advanced economies)IMF, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, People's Republic of, Fiji, Georgia, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao P.D.R., Macao SAR,

defaulted on $122 million in Treasury bills, which was less than 1% of U.S. debt. The Treasury Department characterized it as a delay rather than as a default, but it did have consequences for short-term interest rates, which jumped 0.6%. Others view it as a temporary, partial default. The following is a list of the top foreign holders of US Treasury securities as listed by the US Treasury (revised by October 2018 survey): A 1998 Brookings Institution study published by the Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Committee (formed in 1993 by the W. Alton Jones Foundation), calculated that total expenditures for

also be classified into marketable or non-marketable securities. Most of the marketable securities are Treasury notes, bills, and bonds held by investors and governments globally. The non-marketable securities are mainly the ""government account series"" owed to certain government trust funds such as the Social Security Trust Fund, which represented $2.74 trillion in 2011. The non-marketable securities represent amounts owed to program beneficiaries. For example, in the case of the Social Security Trust Fund, the payroll taxes dedicated to Social Security were credited to the Trust Fund upon receipt, but spent for other purposes. If the government continues to run deficits

Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Fed. States of, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Province of China, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam National debt of the United States The national debt of the United States is the debt, or unpaid borrowed funds, carried by the federal government of the United States, which is measured as the face value of the currently outstanding Treasury securities that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. The terms national deficit and national

on 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in

"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)"
2013, when Josina Reaves became the second U.S. ""Millionaire"" contestant to incorrectly answer her $1,000,000 question, but only lost $75,000 as she used her Jump the Question lifelines on her $250,000 and $500,000 questions. Although the syndicated ""Millionaire"" had produced two millionaires in its first season, Nancy Christy's May 2003 win was still standing as the most recent when the program began its eighth season in fall of 2009. Deciding that six-plus years had been too long since someone had won the top prize, producers conducted a tournament to find a third million dollar winner. For the first nine weeks

"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)"
buff Paddy Spooner, aimed to exploit the selection procedure and increase the chances of beating 100,000 others in the race to appear on the show. The Chronicle & Echo had learned the syndicate accused of fast-tracking contestants on to the show managed to get hold of tie-breaker style questions likely to be used on phone lines rung by members of the public. Potential contestants were then told possible answers in return for a percentage of any future cash winnings. In November 2005, Martin Flood became the show's second jackpot winner. However, it was alleged that he may have cheated in

"American game show winnings records"
the first contestant on the show to get to the 15th and final question, but elected to walk instead with $500,000 (), which made him the biggest winner in American game show history at the time. Shutterly had previously won $49,200 as a 4 day champion on ""Jeopardy!"" in 1988, making his career winnings total $549,200. During the second season of ""Millionaire"" in the United States, the show crowned its first million-dollar winner. On November 19, 1999, John Carpenter won the show's top prize without using any lifelines, save for a phone call on the final question to tell his

winner and become the syndicated series' third millionaire. The first contestant to attempt to answer the million dollar question was Sam Murray, the tournament's eighth-seeded qualifier. On November 11, Murray was asked approximately how many people had lived on Earth in its history and correctly guessed 100 billion. Murray was still atop the leaderboard entering the November 20 finale as he remained the only contestant to even attempt to answer his or her question. The only person who could defeat him was top seed and $250,000 winner Jehan Shamsid-Deen, who was asked a question regarding the Blorenge, cited as ""a

accumulate a larger total). Since the genre began, many shows have offered prizes of large sums of money to contestants; Teddy Nadler set the original monetary winnings record of $264,000 during his appearance on ""The $64,000 Challenge"" in 1957. Nadler was not surpassed until 1980, when Thom McKee won $312,700 on ""Tic-Tac-Dough"". In 1999, John Carpenter won $1,000,000 on ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire"", becoming the first person to win a seven-figure prize on an American game show. Since then, many players have gone on to win that amount and even surpassed it. As of 2015, Brad Rutter is

father he was going to win the million dollars. After Carpenter answered the final question, which concerned Richard Nixon's appearance on ""Laugh-In"" in 1968, host Regis Philbin proclaimed Carpenter the show's (and worldwide format's) first top prize winner. Carpenter's record remained intact until the following year. In early 2000, Rahim Oberholtzer, a contestant on the revival of ""Twenty One"", won four games in his appearances on the show, along with $120,000 in the show's ""Perfect 21"" bonus round, for a total of $1,120,000. For surpassing Carpenter's mark, host Maury Povich proclaimed Oberholtzer ""the TV Game Show King."" Late in its

"Sing (2016 American film)"
film's silliness. Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled ""Sing 2"", slated for December 25, 2020. Sing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than

Sing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than 60 songs from famous artists and also has an original song by Stevie Wonder and Ariana Grande called ""Faith,"" which

Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film. The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget. The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination Mac Guff. A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016. The almost complete film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival. Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016. ""Sing"" was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray

in each other's films. In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about ""courage, competition and carrying a tune,"" which was originally titled ""Lunch"", and then retitled as ""Sing"". On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role. Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film. On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend. In November 2015, it was announced that

"Sing Street"
it was announced that Aidan Gillen, Maria Doyle Kennedy, and Jack Reynor had joined the cast of the film, portraying the role of a father, wife and son respectively. Principal photography on the film began in September 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, and concluded on 25 October 2014. Its namesake school, Synge Street CBS, was among the shooting locations for the film. Much of the original music by the band ""Sing Street"" was composed by Danny Wilson frontman Gary Clark, with Carney, Ken and Carl Papenfus of the band Relish, Graham Henderson and Zamo Riffman also receiving writing credits. Adam Levine

Greek Wedding"" ($241.4 million in 2002). On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 72% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"Sing"" delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews."" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A"" on an A+ to

Sing Street Sing Street is a 2016 musical coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-written, co-produced and directed by John Carney. Starring Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Lucy Boynton, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Aiden Gillen, Jack Reynor, and Kelly Thornton, the story revolves around a boy starting a band to impress a girl in 1980s Ireland. It is an international co-production from Ireland, the United States, and United Kingdom. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2016. It was released in Ireland on 17 March 2016, in the United States on 15 April and in the United Kingdom on 20

for not being around anymore, with a new girlfriend named Becky and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and breaks down while singing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's ""Call Me Maybe."" Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money

"Sing (1989 film)"
Sing (1989 film) Sing is a 1989 American drama film directed by Richard J. Baskin, written by Dean Pitchford (who also co-wrote the songs) and produced by Craig Zadan (both previously collaborated on ""Footloose""), and starring Lorraine Bracco, Peter Dobson, and Jessica Steen. The film follows a fictional New York City SING! production. The supporting cast includes Louise Lasser, George DiCenzo, Patti LaBelle, Yank Azman, Ingrid Veninger, and Cuba Gooding Jr. ""Sing"" was released in the United States on March 31, 1989. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing only $2.3 million from an

"Sing It!"
Red, a new paid service of streaming original series and movies, similar to Netflix. They started to work on a new comedy series, satirizing the talent shows. The show was inspired by television music competitions The X Factor, The Voice and American Idol. In November, Debby Ryan, Preston Jones, Alex Désert was Todrick Hall confirmed in the cast. In a partnership with the production company Mandeville Films, the series began to be recorded in December. The character Holli Holiday, played by Debby Ryan, was inspired by Paula Abdul and Randy, played by Alex Désert, inspired by Simon Cowell. A teaser

"Rick Salomon"
month, Salomon also filed for an annulment citing fraud. The marriage was annulled on March 24, 2008. In January 2014, Anderson announced she and Salomon had married at an unspecified date. Anderson again filed for divorce from Salomon on July 3, 2014, while Salomon filed for an annulment in Nevada on the grounds of fraud. On April 29, 2015, her divorce was granted with a $1 million settlement. Rick Salomon Rick Salomon (born January 24, 1969) is an American poker player, mostly known for his relationships with various female celebrities, including Elizabeth Daily, Shannen Doherty, Paris Hilton, and Pamela Anderson.

"Tammy Wynette"
to Euple Byrd (married April 1960 – divorced 1966), had three daughters; to Don Chapel, born Lloyd Franklin Amburgey (m. 1967 – annulled 1968); to George Jones (m. February 16, 1969 – divorced March 21, 1975); to Michael Tomlin (m. July 18, 1976 – a. September 1976) 44 days; and to singer-songwriter George Richey (m. July 6, 1978 – her death April 6, 1998). Richey was her manager throughout much of the 1980s. In her autobiography ""Stand By Your Man,"" Wynette claimed Jones used to beat her and at one point fired a shotgun at her, allegations that he denied.

"Evelyn Lozada"
battery, avoiding jail time in an agreement with prosecutors and Lozada. Johnson received a year of probation. Lozada began dating Carl Crawford in 2013. In December 2013, Lozada and Crawford announced their engagement. She gave birth to their son in 2014. In August 2017, the couple called off the engagement. Evelyn Lozada Evelyn Alexandra Lozada (born December 10, 1975) is an American television personality, model and spokesperson. Lozada was one of the five main cast members in the VH1 reality series ""Basketball Wives"" throughout its run. Lozada is set to return to the cast of the sixth season of the

"Ricki Lake"
finalized on February 25, 2005. Lake began dating Christian Evans in the summer of 2009. They became engaged in August 2011, and married on April 8, 2012. On 29 October 2014, Lake filed for divorce from Evans, citing ""irreconcilable differences"". In December 2014, however, they announced they had put their divorce on hold. The divorce was finalized in 2015. Christian Evans died on February 11, 2017. On September 18, 2010, Lake's rented Malibu home was destroyed by a fire. She and her sons escaped without injury. On January 15, 2011, Lake finished in sixth place in the PokerStars Caribbean Adventure

"Kelly Ryan"
three years (until 2004) in the Fitness Olympia. She was married to bodybuilder Craig Titus. In prison she filed for divorce, which became final in December 2009. On December 14, 2005 the burnt corpse of Melissa James, a woman who was in a sexual relationship with Titus and lived in Ryan and Titus' home, was discovered inside a Jaguar car belonging to Kelly Ryan. The couple went into hiding together and were arrested along with suspected accomplice, Anthony Gross, after a nine-day investigation. A Nevada prosecutor alleged in open court that Titus was part of a plot to murder three

"Rick Pitino"
and lying to federal agents. On August 11, Pitino admitted to having engaged in sexual relations with Cunagin on August 1, 2003 in Porcini, a Louisville restaurant. Several weeks later, Cunagin told Pitino that she was pregnant and wanted to have an abortion, but she did not have health insurance. Pitino paid her $3,000 for an abortion. During the trial, Pitino downplayed the pair's sexual escapade. The complete act took, the coach testified, ""No more than 15 seconds."" In addition, Cunagin, who was convicted for extortion and lying to federal agents, claimed that her estranged husband, Tim Sypher, was paid

"Tammy Faye Messner"
Messner would garner significant publicity when Jim Bakker was indicted, convicted, and imprisoned on numerous counts of fraud and conspiracy in 1989, resulting in the dissolution of ""The PTL Club"". After divorcing Bakker in 1992, she remarried to Roe Messner. She was diagnosed with colon cancer in 1996, of which she suffered intermittently for over a decade before dying of the disease in 2007. Over the course of her career, Messner was noted for her eccentric and glamorous persona, as well as for her moral views that diverged from those of many mainstream Evangelists, particularly her acceptance of the LGBT

"Tammy Lynn Sytch"
death in 2005. By 2007, she was once again in school, studying Medical Technology. Sytch had a nine-month affair with Shawn Michaels. In 1997, Michaels accused Sytch and Bret Hart of having an affair, which Hart denied. The accusation began causing marital problems for Hart, which led to a backstage confrontation with Michaels. Sytch was friends with Hart and would entertain his children whenever they followed him on tour. Sytch walked out of ""Raw"" the night after the Montreal Screwjob, the incident in which WWF owner Vince McMahon cost Hart the WWF Championship. Sytch was rushed to the hospital in

indoor toilets or running water. She was raised with an aunt, Carolyn Russell, who was only five years older, thus more of a sister than an aunt. As a girl, Wynette taught herself to play a variety of musical instruments that had been left by her deceased father. Wynette attended Tremont High School, where she was an all-star basketball player. A month before graduation, several months before her 18th birthday, she wed her first husband, Euple Byrd. He was a construction worker, but had trouble keeping a job, and they moved several times. Wynette worked as a waitress, a receptionist,

"Reichen Lehmkuhl"
June 3, 2010, that Lehmkuhl and boyfriend, model Rodiney Santiago had joined the cast of Logo's reality series, """". The low-rated series, frequently described as a ""Real Housewives""-style show, was cancelled after two seasons. Since the airing, Lehmkuhl and Santiago are no longer a couple. On July 2006, former 'N Sync band member Lance Bass told ""People Magazine"" that he is gay and in a ""very stable relationship"" with Lehmkuhl. The couple broke up in January 2007. Bass said they remained ""good friends"". Reichen Lehmkuhl Reichen Kuhl, (born Richard Allen Lehmkuhl; December 26, 1973) is a lawyer, an American businessman,

"I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas"
I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas ""I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas"" is a Christmas novelty song written by John Rox (1902–1957) and performed by Gayla Peevey (10 years old at the time) in 1953. The song peaked at number 24 on ""Billboard"" magazine's pop chart in December 1953. Peevey was a child star (born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), before her family moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma, when she was five. When released nationally by Columbia Records the song shot to the top of the charts, and the city zoo acquired a baby hippo named Matilda. Peevey was filmed performing

Lion. Lake Street Dive recorded a version on ""Holidays Rule (Vol. 2)"" released on October 13, 2017 by Capitol Records, UMG Recordings. I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas ""I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas"" is a Christmas novelty song written by John Rox (1902–1957) and performed by Gayla Peevey (10 years old at the time) in 1953. The song peaked at number 24 on ""Billboard"" magazine's pop chart in December 1953. Peevey was a child star (born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), before her family moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma, when she was five. When released nationally by Columbia Records the

"Gayla Peevey"
Gayla Peevey Gayla Rienette Peevey (born March 8, 1943) is a former singer and child star from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Her family moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma, in 1948. She is best known for her recording, under her maiden name Gayla Peevey, of ""I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas"" (Columbia 4-40106, 1953). Peevey recorded the novelty song when she was 10 years old. In 1960, under the name Jamie Horton, she had a minor hit with the song ""Robot Man"", a Connie Francis cover. Peevey graduated from San Diego State University with a Bachelor of Education degree. She eventually left

hippopotamus with Snuffleupagus. Country music singer Gretchen Wilson recorded a rendition in late 2009. It debuted at No. 54 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs charts dated for January 2, 2010. It is included on her album ""Christmas in My Heart"", released in 2013. American recording artist LeAnn Rimes released her cover of the song as a digital single for her EP, ""One Christmas: Chapter 1"" (2014). In 2016, country music artist Kacey Musgraves recorded a version for her album ""A Very Kacey Christmas"". A version was also recorded by the British entertainer Terry Hall and his puppet Lenny The

Orchestra was released in 1953. The Three Stooges also recorded a version in 1959. Bob Keeshan, as Captain Kangaroo, recorded a version of the song in the 1960s. Captain & Tennille included a version on their 2007 album ""The Secret of Christmas"", and it was released as a single the same year. The American pop band Jonas Brothers covered the song live in 2007 at the Radio Disney Jingle Jam in Katy, Texas. In the 2007 ""Sesame Street"" Christmas special ""Elmo's Christmas Countdown"", Big Bird sang a duet of the song with Anne Hathaway. However, in that version, they replaced

the song on ""The Ed Sullivan Show"" in October 1953, airing on November 15, 1953. A video of this performance is available on her website. A popular legend holds that this 1953 hit had been recorded as a fundraiser to bring the city zoo a hippo; but in a 2007 radio interview with Detroit-based WNIC radio station, Peevey clarified that the song was not originally recorded as a fundraiser. Instead, a local promoter picked up on the popularity of the song and Peevey's local roots, and launched a campaign to present her with an actual hippopotamus on Christmas. The campaign

"Sydney Forest"
Sydney Forest Sydney Forest is an American composer and musician. Her music has been featured in several films, notably Studio Ghibli's English dub of ""Kiki's Delivery Service"". Born in San Diego, Sydney Forest is the daughter of Gayla Peevey (who became famous in her childhood for singing the novelty hit ""I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas""). Upon entering into her career, Forest was signed to a deal with Disney Music Publishing shortly after she began gigging in Los Angeles. Her lyrics and music gained a great deal of attention including the National Academy of Songwriters’ Lionel Richie Songwriting Award. Forest

succeeded, and she was presented with an actual hippopotamus, which she donated to the city zoo. The hippopotamus lived for nearly 50 years. Peevey, by this point 73 years old, was again present when the Oklahoma City Zoo acquired a rare pygmy hippopotamus in 2017. Gayla Peevey later recorded as Jamie Horton, scoring the ""Billboard"" Hot 100-charter ""My Little Marine"" in 1960. The B-side of the original 78 featured the song ""Are my Ears on Straight?"" It is a Dr. Demento Christmas staple, and is currently available on Dr. Demento's """". A version by Vicki Dale and the Peter Pan

"Chicken Fat (song)"
Chicken Fat (song) ""Chicken Fat"" (also known as ""The Youth Fitness Song"") is a 1962 song written by Broadway composer Meredith Willson (""The Music Man"", ""The Unsinkable Molly Brown"") and performed by actor/singer Robert Preston. It was commissioned as part of the President's Council on Physical Fitness. ""Chicken Fat"" was the theme song for President John F. Kennedy's youth fitness program, and millions of 7-inch 33 RPM discs which were pressed for free by Capitol Records were heard in elementary and junior high school gymnasiums across the United States throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Willson contacted Fitness Council administrator Dick

Hippopotamomus
Hippopotamomus Hippopotamomus is the fifth studio album by British musician Momus, released in 1991 through Creation Records. ""Hippopotamomus"" was conceived by Momus as ""a record about sex for children; at least, a record about sex for the child in all of us: the part of us that refuses guilt, that plays with mud pies, that soils its nappy, that loves to suck and be sucked"". The album was devised in part as a tribute to the work of Serge Gainsbourg, who had passed away prior to its' recording, and to whom the album is dedicated in its' sleeve notes. Gainsbourg's

"Pluto (mythology)"
Pluto (mythology) Pluto (Latin: ""Plūtō""; , """") was the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto represents a more positive concept of the god who presides over the afterlife. ""Ploutōn"" was frequently conflated with ""Ploutos"" (Πλοῦτος, Plutus), a god of wealth, because mineral wealth was found underground, and because as a chthonic god Pluto ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest. The name ""Ploutōn"" came into widespread usage

. Jupiter got the sky, Neptune got the sea, and Pluto got the shaft."" In Riordan's explanation, Hades ""was more of a death god,"" but acquired his identity as a god of wealth among the Romans, along with a new name. Scientific terms derived from the name of Pluto include: Pluto (mythology) Pluto (Latin: ""Plūtō""; , """") was the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto represents a more positive concept of the god

fera vota)"", where fallen gladiators were human sacrifices to Dis and Charon received their souls as his payment, to the delight of the underworld Jove ""(Iovis infernalis)"". Medieval mythographies, written in Latin, continue the conflation of Greek and Roman deities begun by the ancient Roman themselves. Perhaps because the name Pluto was used in both traditions, it appears widely in these Latin sources for the classical ruler of the underworld, who is also seen as the double, ally, or adjunct to the figure in Christian mythology known variously as the Devil, Satan, or Lucifer. The classical underworld deities became casually

deities. In the Hermetic Corpus, Jupiter Plutonius ""rules over earth and sea, and it is he who nourishes mortal things that have soul and bear fruit."" In Ptolemaic Alexandria, at the site of a dream oracle, Serapis was identified with Aion Plutonius. Gilles Quispel conjectured that this figure results from the integration of the Orphic Phanes into Mithraic religion at Alexandria, and that he ""assures the eternity of the city,"" where the birth of Aion was celebrated at the sanctuary of Kore on 6 January. In Latin, ""Plutonius"" can be an adjective that simply means ""of or pertaining to Pluto.""

says that among the Turdetani, it is ""Pluto, and not Hades, who inhabits the region down below."" In the discourse ""On Mourning"" by the Greek author Lucian (2nd century AD), Pluto's ""wealth"" is the dead he rules over in the abyss ""(chasma)""; the name ""Hades"" is reserved for the underworld itself. In Greek religious practice, Pluto is sometimes seen as the ""chthonic Zeus"" (""Zeus Chthonios"" or ""Zeus Catachthonios""), or at least as having functions or significance equivalent to those of Zeus but pertaining to the earth or underworld. In ancient Roman and Hellenistic religion, Pluto was identified with a number

with the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which Pluto was venerated as a stern ruler but the loving husband of Persephone. The couple received souls in the afterlife, and are invoked together in religious inscriptions. Hades, by contrast, had few temples and religious practices associated with him, and he is portrayed as the dark and violent abductor of Persephone. Pluto and Hades differ in character, but they are not distinct figures and share two dominant myths. In Greek cosmogony, the god received the rule of the underworld in a three-way division of sovereignty over the world, with his brother Zeus ruling the

the underworld. ""Plūtō"" (; genitive ""Plūtōnis"") is the Latinized form of the Greek ""Plouton"". Pluto's Roman equivalent is Dis Pater, whose name is most often taken to mean ""Rich Father"" and is perhaps a direct translation of ""Plouton."" Pluto was also identified with the obscure Roman Orcus, like Hades the name of both a god of the underworld and the underworld as a place. The borrowed Greek name ""Pluto"" is sometimes used for the ruler of the dead in Latin literature, leading some mythology handbooks to assert misleadingly that Pluto was the Roman counterpart of Hades. ""Pluto"" (""Pluton"" in French

interchangeable with Satan as an embodiment of Hell. For instance, in the 9th century, Abbo Cernuus, the only witness whose account of the Siege of Paris survives, called the invading Vikings the ""spawn of Pluto."" In the ""Little Book on Images of the Gods"", Pluto is described as ""an intimidating personage sitting on a throne of sulphur, holding the scepter of his realm in his right hand, and with his left strangling a soul. Under his feet three-headed Cerberus held a position, and beside him he had three Harpies. From his golden throne of sulphur flowed four rivers, which were

or ""sea-colored,"" which might describe the plant's leaves. Because the color could describe the sky, Cornutus regularly gives it divine connotations. Pluto's twin sister was named Glauca. Ambiguity of color is characteristic of Pluto. Although both he and his realm are regularly described as dark, black, or gloomy, the god himself is sometimes seen as pale or having a pallor. Martianus Capella (5th century) describes him as both ""growing pale in shadow, a fugitive from light"" and actively ""shedding darkness in the gloom of Tartarean night,"" crowned with a wreath made of ebony as suitable for the kingdom he governs.

and German, ""Plutone"" in Italian) becomes the most common name for the classical ruler of the underworld in subsequent Western literature and other art forms. The name ""Plouton"" does not appear in Greek literature of the Archaic period. In Hesiod's ""Theogony"", the six children of Cronus and Rhea are Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia. The male children divide the world into three realms. Hades takes Persephone by force from her mother Demeter, with the consent of Zeus. ""Ploutos"", ""Wealth,"" appears in the ""Theogony"" as the child of Demeter and Iasion: ""fine Plutus, who goes upon the whole earth

Balaam
identify his land as Ammon. Balaam sends back word that he can only do what YHWH commands, and God has, via a nocturnal dream, told him not to go. Balak consequently sends higher-ranking priests and offers Balaam honours; Balaam continues to press God, and God finally permits him to go but with instructions to say only what he commands. Balaam then sets out in the morning with the princes of Moab. God becomes angry that he went, and sends the Angel of the Lord (Numbers 22:22) to prevent him. At first, the angel is seen only by the donkey Balaam

Donkey
on a donkey, A colt, the foal of a donkey!"" (Zechariah 9:9). According to the New Testament, this prophecy was fulfilled when Jesus entered Jerusalem riding on the animal (Matthew 21:4-7, John 12:14-15). Jesus appeared to be aware of this connection (Matthew 21:1-3, John 12:16). In the Jewish religion, the donkey is not a kosher animal. In the Zohar, it is considered ""avi avot hatuma"" or the ultimate impure animal, and doubly ""impure"", as it is both non-ruminant and non-cloven hoofed. However, it is the only impure animal that falls under the mitzvah (commandment) of firstborn (""bechor"") consecration that also

Balaam
is riding, which tries to avoid the angel. After Balaam starts punishing the donkey for refusing to move, it is miraculously given the power to speak to Balaam (Numbers 22:28), and it complains about Balaam's treatment. At this point, Balaam is allowed to see the angel, who informs him that the donkey is the only reason the angel did not kill Balaam. Balaam immediately repents, but is told to go on. Balak meets with Balaam at Kirjat Huzoth, and they go to the ""high places of Baal"", and offer sacrifices on seven altars, leading to Balaam being given a prophecy

Bethphage
Bethphage Bethphage (Aramaic בית פגי, lit. ""House of un-ripe figs"") or Bethsphage is a Christian religious site in Israel. Bethphage is mentioned in the New Testament as the place in ancient Israel from which Jesus sent his disciples to find a donkey and a colt, upon which he would ride into Jerusalem. The synoptic gospels mention it as being close to Bethany. Bethphage is about 2 km from the modern village of al-Eizariya. Unknown villagers living there (the owners of the colt according to Luke's Gospel ) permitted Jesus' disciples to take the colt away for Jesus' triumphal entry into

Elohist
his divinely talking donkey, although this is often considered a tale that was accidentally added to the manuscript, as it appears quite unconnected to the rest of the work. Further into the text, the Elohist exhibits a noticeably positive attitude to the main northern tribes—those of Joseph. Unlike the Jahwist, the Elohist contains stories of the political position of the Joseph tribes: the birth of Benjamin, and the pre-eminence of Ephraim. Also, whereas the Jahwist portrays Joseph as the victim of an attempted rape in the tale of Potiphar's wife, which would have been mildly humiliating to the Joseph tribes,

"Balak (parsha)"
into a field. The Mishnah taught that the mouth of the donkey that miraculously spoke to Balaam in was one of ten things that God created on the eve of the first Sabbath at twilight. Expanding on the Gemara reported a conversation among Balak's emissaries, Balaam, and Balaam's donkey. Balak's emissaries asked Balaam, ""Why didn’t you ride your horse?"" Balaam replied, ""I have put it out to pasture."" But Balaam's donkey asked Balaam (in the words of ), ""Am I not your donkey?"" Balaam replied, ""Merely for carrying loads."" Balaam's donkey said (in the words of ), ""Upon which you

"The Priest and the Wolf"
Arabic, Armenian and Slavonic adaptations. Ahiqar has been betrayed by his nephew Nadan, who asks for a second chance once his behaviour has been exposed. Ahiqar replies with a series of parables indicating that what is bred in the bone will not leave the flesh, including mention of how 'they brought the wolf to the house of the scribe: the master said to him ‘Aleph, Beth’; the wolf said ‘Kid, Lamb’. Later versions of the fable make it clear that when the master tries to teach the wolf the Semitic alphabet, of which Aleph and Beth are the first two

"The Messiah's Donkey"
that the caliph of the Muslims, one of the most powerful people in world arriving on a donkey which fulfilled the prophecy in Zechariah 9:9: ""... your king is coming to the arrival."" In Israel, the phrase ""the Messiah's Donkey"" can also refer to the controversial political-religious doctrine ascribed to the teachings of Avraham Yitzhak Kook which claims that secular Jews, which represent the material world, are an instrument in the hands of God whose purpose it was to establish the State of Israel and begin the process of redemption, but upon its establishment they would be required to step

Donkey
applies to humans and pure animals (See Petter Chamor). In Jewish Oral Tradition (Talmud Bavli), the son of David was prophesied as riding on a donkey if the tribes of Israel are undeserving of redemption. In contemporary Israel, the term ""Messiah's Donkey"" (Chamoro Shel Mashiach חמורו של משיח) stands at the center of a controversial religious-political doctrine, under which it was the Heavenly-imposed ""task"" of secular Zionists to build up a Jewish State, but once the state is established they are fated to give place to the Religious who are ordained to lead the state. The secularists in this analogy

Donkey
period. Narrative turning points in the Bible (and other stories) are often marked through the use of donkeys — for instance, leading, saddling, or mounting/dismounting a donkey are used to show a change in focus or a decision having been made. They are used as a measure of wealth in Genesis 30:43, and in Genesis chapter 34, the prince of Shechem (the modern Nablus) is named Hamor (""donkey"" in Hebrew). According to Old Testament prophecy, the Messiah is said to arrive on a donkey: ""Behold, your King is coming to you; He is just and having salvation, Lowly and riding

"Chinese New Year"
New Year was on Friday, 16 February, initiating the year of the Dog. Chinese New Year is one of the world's most prominent and celebrated festivals, and is the cause of the largest annual mass human migration in the world. It is a major holiday in Greater China and has strongly influenced the lunar new year celebrations of China's neighbouring cultures, including the Korean New Year (seol), the Tết of Vietnam, and the Losar of Tibet. It is also celebrated worldwide in countries with significant Overseas Chinese populations, these including Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines and Mauritius, as

symbolic of their gratitude. In the morning of this birthday (traditionally anytime from midnight to 7 am), Taiwanese households set up an altar table with 3 layers: one top (containing offertories of six vegetables (), noodles, fruits, cakes, tangyuan, vegetable bowls, and unripe betel, all decorated with paper lanterns) and two lower levels (containing the five sacrifices and wines) to honor the deities below the Jade Emperor. The household then kneels three times and kowtows nine times to pay obeisance and wish him a long life. Incense, tea, fruit, vegetarian food or roast pig, and gold paper is served as

good luck and honorability. Several foods are consumed to usher in wealth, happiness, and good fortune. Several of the Chinese food names are homophones for words that also mean good things. Like many other New Year dishes, certain ingredients also take special precedence over others as these ingredients also have similar-sounding names with prosperity, good luck, or even counting money. In 1928, the ruling Kuomintang party in China decreed that Chinese New Year will fall on 1 Jan of the Gregorian Calendar, but this was abandoned due to overwhelming opposition from the populace. In 1967 during the Cultural Revolution, official

the start of the New Year and lasts until the succeeding early morning. A tradition of going to bed late on New Year's Eve, or even keeping awake the whole night and morning, known as ""shousui"" (守岁), is still practised as it is thought to add on to one's parents' longevity. The first day is for the welcoming of the deities of the heavens and earth, officially beginning at midnight. It is a traditional practice to light fireworks, burn bamboo sticks and firecrackers and to make as much of a din as possible to chase off the evil spirits as

most senior members of their extended families, usually their parents, grandparents and great-grandparents. For Buddhists, the first day is also the birthday of Maitreya Bodhisattva (better known as the more familiar Budai Luohan), the Buddha-to-be. People also abstain from killing animals. Some families may invite a lion dance troupe as a symbolic ritual to usher in the Chinese New Year as well as to evict bad spirits from the premises. Members of the family who are married also give red envelopes containing cash known as ""lai see"" (Cantonese dialect) or ""angpow"" (Hokkien dialect/Fujian), or ""hongbao"" (Mandarin), a form of blessings

Emperor, the ruler of heaven. People normally return to work by the eighth day, therefore the Store owners will host a lunch/dinner with their employees, thanking their employees for the work they have done for the whole year. Approaching 12 midnight on this day, Hokkien people prepare for the ""Jade Emperor ritual"" (Hokkien: ""拜天公 Pài Thiⁿ-kong"") during which incense is burnt and food offerings made to the Jade Emperor and also to Zao Jun, the Kitchen god who reports on each family to the Jade Emperor. Some people will hold a ritual prayer after midnight on the eighth day. In

Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a Chinese festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional Chinese calendar. The festival is usually referred to as the Spring Festival in modern China, and is one of several Lunar New Years in Asia. Observances traditionally take place from the evening preceding the first day of the year to the Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the year. The first day of Chinese New Year begins on the new moon that appears between January 21 and February 20. In 2018, the first day of the Lunar

a customary protocol for paying respect to an honored person. The Jade Emperor's birthday party is celebrated on this day. The fifteenth day of the new year is celebrated as """"Yuanxiao"" Festival"" (), also known as """"Shangyuan"" Festival"" () or the Lantern Festival (otherwise known as Chap Goh Mei in Fujian dialect). Rice dumplings ""tangyuan"" (), a sweet glutinous rice ball brewed in a soup, are eaten this day. Candles are lit outside houses as a way to guide wayward spirits home. This day is celebrated as the Lantern Festival, and families walk the street carrying lighted lantern. In China,

and to suppress the aging and challenges associated with the coming year, to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers. Business managers also give bonuses through red packets to employees for good luck, smooth-sailing, good health and wealth. While fireworks and firecrackers are traditionally very popular, some regions have banned them due to concerns over fire hazards. For this reason, various city governments (e.g., Kowloon, Beijing, Shanghai for a number of years) issued bans over fireworks and firecrackers in certain precincts of the city. As a substitute, large-scale fireworks display have been launched by governments in such city-states

fortune through kau cim. The third day is known as ""red mouth"" (). ""Chikou"" is also called ""Chigou's Day"" (). ""Chigou"", literally ""red dog"", is an epithet of ""the God of Blazing Wrath"" (). Rural villagers continue the tradition of burning paper offerings over trash fires. It is considered an unlucky day to have guests or go visiting. Hakka villagers in rural Hong Kong in the 1960s called it the Day of the Poor Devil and believed everyone should stay at home. This is also considered a propitious day to visit the temple of the God of Wealth and have

"Division of Korea"
placed sixteen million Koreans in the American zone and nine million in the Soviet zone. To the surprise of the Americans, the Soviet Union immediately accepted the division. The agreement was incorporated into General Order No. 1 (approved on 17 August 1945) for the surrender of Japan. Soviet forces began amphibious landings in Korea by August 14 and rapidly took over the north-east of the country, and on August 16 they landed at Wonsan. On August 24, the Red Army reached Pyongyang. General Abe Nobuyuki, the last Japanese Governor-General of Korea, had established contact with a number of influential Koreans

from the north of Deokjeok Island to the south of Cho Island in the West Sea and the north of Sokcho city and south of Tongchon County in the East (Yellow) Sea. In addition, no fly zones were established as well. Division of Korea The Division of Korea began at the end of World War II in 1945. With the defeat of Japan, the Soviet Union occupied the north of Korea, and the United States occupied the south, with the boundary between their zones being the 38th parallel. With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States

Division of Korea The Division of Korea began at the end of World War II in 1945. With the defeat of Japan, the Soviet Union occupied the north of Korea, and the United States occupied the south, with the boundary between their zones being the 38th parallel. With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to lead to an independent and unified Korea. In 1948, UN-supervised elections were held in the US-occupied south only. Syngman Rhee won the election while Kim Il-sung was appointed as the leader of North Korea. This

to three months after victory in Europe. On August 8, 1945, three months to the day after the end of hostilities in Europe, and two days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. As war began, the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East, Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky, called on Koreans to rise up against Japan, saying ""a banner of liberty and independence is rising in Seoul"". Soviet troops advanced rapidly, and the US government became anxious that they would occupy the whole of Korea. On August 10, 1945 two young officers

since the beginning of August 1945 to prepare the hand-over of power. Throughout August, Koreans organized people's committee branches for the ""Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence"" (CPKI, 조선건국준비위원회), led by Lyuh Woon-hyung, a left-wing politician. On September 6, 1945, a congress of representatives was convened in Seoul and founded the short-lived People's Republic of Korea. In the spirit of consensus, conservative elder statesman Syngman Rhee, who was living in exile in the US, was nominated as President. In December 1945, at the Moscow Conference, the Allies agreed that the Soviet Union, the US, the Republic of China, and

"History of South Korea"
1945), division at the 38th parallel marked the beginning of Soviet and U.S. occupation the North and South, respectively. This division was meant to be temporary, to be replaced by a trusteeship of the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and Republic of China which would prepare for Korean independence. The trusteeship had been discussed at the Yalta Conference in February 1945. U.S. forces landed at Incheon on September 8, 1945 and established a military government shortly thereafter. Lt. General John R. Hodge, their commander, took charge of the government. Faced with mounting popular discontent, in October 1945 Hodge established

"History of Korea"
Cairo Conference on November 22, 1943, the US, UK, and China agreed that ""in due course Korea shall become free and independent""; at a later meeting in Yalta in February 1945, the Allies agreed to establish a four-power trusteeship over Korea. On August 14, 1945, Soviet forces entered Korea by amphibious landings, enabling them to secure control in the north. Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces on August 15, 1945. The unconditional surrender of Japan, combined with fundamental shifts in global politics and ideology, led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, effectively starting on September 8, 1945.

by both regimes. From 1948 until the start of the civil war on June 25, 1950, the armed forces of each side engaged in a series of bloody conflicts along the border. In 1950, these conflicts escalated dramatically when North Korean forces invaded South Korea, triggering the Korean War. The United Nations intervened to protect the South, sending a US-led force. As it occupied the south, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea attempted to unify Korea under its regime, initiating the nationalisation of industry, land reform, and the restoration of the People's Committees. While UN intervention was conceived as restoring

"History of North Korea"
History of North Korea The history of North Korea began with the partition of Korea at the end of World War II in September 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel. The Soviets and Americans were unable to agree on the implementation of a joint government over Korea. This led, in 1948, to the establishment of two separate governments – the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the

"BC Jean"
BC Jean Brittany Jean Carlson (born circa 1987), better known by her stage name BC Jean, is an American singer-songwriter and actress, perhaps best known for writing the song ""If I Were a Boy"" which was later sung by Beyoncé and achieved worldwide commercial success. Jean was born in Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California to Lori Carlson, a talent manager, and a trumpet- and piano-playing stockbroker father. She lived in Ramona, Valley Center and Carmel Valley. A piano player, Jean began songwriting at 14, gaining inspiration from the works of performers including Queen, Rod Stewart and Aerosmith. Jean later became

"If I Were a Boy"
If I Were a Boy ""If I Were a Boy"" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her third studio album ""I Am... Sasha Fierce"" (2008). ""If I Were a Boy"" was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad, who also handled its production alongside Beyoncé. Inspired by the difficult break-up of a romantic relationship, the song was initially recorded by Jean, whose record company rejected it. Beyoncé then recorded her own version. Jean was upset when she learned that Beyoncé was releasing it as a single, but eventually, they reached an agreement. Columbia Records released

as the second single from her studio album ""All the Women I Am"" (2010). McEntire revealed that she originally wanted to only cover her own hits. However, her husband and manager, Narvel Blackstock wanted her to do a cover song. Blackstock finally came up with the idea that she should record her own version of Beyoncé's ""If I Were a Boy"". Speaking about her version of the song, McEntire said: ""When I got the song and the lyrics, I thought it was an incredible song ... And, to me, it turned out to be a country song, when we got

of the ballad on Country Music Television (CMT), and a studio version was released as the second single from her 2010 album, ""All the Women I Am"". ""If I Were a Boy"" was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad. It is the opening ballad of the ""I Am ..."" disc of the double album ""I Am... Sasha Fierce"". It is the only song on either disc that Beyoncé did not co-write. Most of the lyrics were written by Jean, who was inspired by the break-up of a romantic relationship. One day Jean and Gad visited a pizzeria in Times

""If I Were a Boy"" to US radio on October 8, 2008, as a double A-side single album's alongside ""Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"" as the lead singles. The two songs showcased the contrast between Beyoncé's personality and her aggressive onstage persona, Sasha Fierce. A Spanish version of the song, titled ""Si Yo Fuera un Chico"", was digitally released in Mexico and Spain. ""If I Were a Boy"" is a pop and R&B introspective ballad which draws influences from folk rock through its instrumentation of which includes acoustic guitars, drums and strings. The song's lyrics lament the misunderstandings

"BC Jean"
and both grandparents with Fred Waring. Since 2012, she has been in a relationship with ""Dancing with the Stars"" professional dancer Mark Ballas. They became engaged on November 25, 2015. Exactly a year later, on November 25, 2016, the couple got married in Malibu, California. BC Jean Brittany Jean Carlson (born circa 1987), better known by her stage name BC Jean, is an American singer-songwriter and actress, perhaps best known for writing the song ""If I Were a Boy"" which was later sung by Beyoncé and achieved worldwide commercial success. Jean was born in Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California to

US. The accompanying music video for ""If I Were a Boy"" was directed by Jake Nava and shot in black-and-white. With a theme of role reversal, it is conceptually similar to the American comedy film ""Freaky Friday"" (1976). A video for the Spanish version of the ballad was edited from the original clip. Beyoncé promoted ""If I Were a Boy"" through live performances at venues including ""The Oprah Winfrey Show"", the 52nd Grammy Awards, and the I Am... World Tour (2009–10). The song has been covered several times on televised music competitions. American singer Reba McEntire sang a country version

she ""[pushes] her voice into a thin, pleading whine"" at this point. With a squeak in her voice, she repeats the chorus for the final time as she fights to remain strong, not allowing her agony to bring her down. ""If I Were a Boy"" and ""Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"" were released simultaneously as the double album's two lead singles. The songs were taken from different discs of the album to demonstrate Beyoncé's conflicting personalities, the album's central theme. This motif was demonstrated by placing the ballads on a separate disc from the uptempo tracks. ""If I

just what I've learned in school, and it's fun I could fool so many people and get away with it. A lot of people had a lot of laughs because of it, so why should I apologize? If you can't poke fun at yourself, I don't know what kind of person you are. !scope=""col"" colspan=""3""| Mastertone !scope=""col"" colspan=""3""| Music video Jamaican dancehall singer Althea Hewitt released a reggae cover of ""If I Were a Boy"" to iTunes Stores on December 19, 2008. Nicole Sullivan and Tisha Campbell-Martin covered ""If I Were a Boy"" during the episode ""The Shape of Things

"Boys (Britney Spears song)"
Boys (Britney Spears song) ""Boys"" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her third studio album, ""Britney"" (2001). It was written and produced by Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams (known collectively as The Neptunes). A version of the song, entitled ""The Co-Ed Remix"", was released as the sixth and final single from ""Britney"" on July 29, 2002. The new version also served as the second single from the soundtrack of ""Austin Powers in Goldmember"". ""Boys"" is a R&B and hip hop song, including funk influences. The remix carries a slower tempo than the album version, and both

analyze all the reports. The review board's report, released in April 1962, concluded that running BART on the bridge was not advisable. The color of the bridge is officially an orange vermilion called ""international orange"". The color was selected by consulting architect Irving Morrow because it complements the natural surroundings and enhances the bridge's visibility in fog. Aesthetics was the foremost reason why the first design of Joseph Strauss was rejected. Upon re-submission of his bridge construction plan, he added details, such as lighting, to outline the bridge's cables and towers. In 1999, it was ranked fifth on the ""List

of the engineering and architecture fell on other experts. Strauss's initial design proposal (two double cantilever spans linked by a central suspension segment) was unacceptable from a visual standpoint. The final graceful suspension design was conceived and championed by Leon Moisseiff, the engineer of the Manhattan Bridge in New York City. Irving Morrow, a relatively unknown residential architect, designed the overall shape of the bridge towers, the lighting scheme, and Art Deco elements, such as the tower decorations, streetlights, railing, and walkways. The famous International Orange color was originally used as a sealant for the bridge. The US Navy had

Golden Gate The Golden Gate is a strait on the west coast of North America that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. It is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, and, since 1937, has been spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. The entire shoreline and adjacent waters throughout the strait are managed by the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. During the last Ice Age, when sea level was several hundred feet lower, the waters of the glacier-fed Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River scoured a deep channel through the bedrock

of America's Favorite Architecture"" by the American Institute of Architects. The bridge was originally painted with red lead primer and a lead-based topcoat, which was touched up as required. In the mid-1960s, a program was started to improve corrosion protection by stripping the original paint and repainting the bridge with zinc silicate primer and vinyl topcoats. Since 1990, acrylic topcoats have been used instead for air-quality reasons. The program was completed in 1995 and it is now maintained by 38 painters who touch up the paintwork where it becomes seriously corroded. Most maps and signage mark the bridge as part

the engraving is the USS Babcock, which served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919, and is seen passing through the Golden Gate into San Francisco Bay, its port of call. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. As part of both US Highway 101 and California Route 1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County. The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge span in the world when

finished Presidio Parkway on the weekend of July 9–12, 2015. , an official at Caltrans said there is no plan to permanently rename the portion known as Doyle Drive. Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols

Illuminate The Arts announced that it had raised the $4 million needed to make the lights permanent; the display was temporarily turned off starting in March 2015 in order to perform maintenance and install sturdier bulbs and then re-lit on January 30, 2016. In order to reduce driver distractions, the privately funded display is not visible to users of the bridge, only to distant observers. This lighting effort is intended to form part of a larger project to ""light the bay."" Villareal used various algorithms to generate patterns such as rainfall, reflections on water, bird flight, expanding rings, and others.

"Los Angeles Harbor Light"
Los Angeles Harbor Light Los Angeles Harbor Light, also known as Angels Gate Light, is a lighthouse in California, United States, at San Pedro Breakwater in Los Angeles Harbor, California. The lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is listed as Los Angeles Light in the USCG Lights list. It is the only lighthouse in the world that emits an emerald-colored light. The original plan for the lighthouse was a wooden, square, two-story building like those constructed for Oakland Harbor and Southampton Shoals. However, the plans were changed and the Los Angeles Light was firmly anchored

"Claudia Wells"
Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells (born 1966) is an American actress and businesswoman, best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film ""Back to the Future"" (1985). Born in Kuala Lumpur, Claudia Wells grew up in San Francisco, California, and moved to Los Angeles at the age of 14. She later graduated from Beverly Hills High School. She started acting with appearances in TV shows. Wells played Jennifer Parker, Marty McFly's girlfriend, in the 1985 film ""Back to the Future"". She almost did not end up in the first film of the successful franchise. According to Wells, she

be a horror film titled ""Room & Board"". Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells (born 1966) is an American actress and businesswoman, best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film ""Back to the Future"" (1985). Born in Kuala Lumpur, Claudia Wells grew up in San Francisco, California, and moved to Los Angeles at the age of 14. She later graduated from Beverly Hills High School. She started acting with appearances in TV shows. Wells played Jennifer Parker, Marty McFly's girlfriend, in the 1985 film ""Back to the Future"". She almost did not end up in the first film

"Back to the Future"
enough to bully Stoltz. Cohen was recast as Skinhead, one of Biff's cohorts. Had Fox been cast from the beginning, Cohen probably would have won the part because he was sufficiently taller than Fox. Melora Hardin was originally cast in the role of Marty's girlfriend Jennifer, but was let go after Stoltz was dismissed, with the explanation that the actress was now too tall to be playing against Fox. Hardin was dismissed before she had a chance to shoot a single scene and was replaced with Claudia Wells. Actress Jill Schoelen had also been considered to play Marty's girlfriend. Following

of the time in his interpretation of the character"". Due to a contract disagreement, Glover was replaced by Jeffrey Weissman in ""Part II"" and ""Part III"". Lea Thompson was cast as Lorraine McFly because she had acted opposite Stoltz in ""The Wild Life""; the producers noticed her as they had watched the film while casting Stoltz. Her prosthetic makeup for scenes at the beginning of the film, set in 1985, took three and a half hours to apply. Thomas F. Wilson was cast as Biff Tannen because the producers felt that the original choice, J. J. Cohen, wasn't physically imposing

"Lea Thompson"
Lea Thompson Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress, director, and television producer. She is best known for her role as Lorraine Baines in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy and as the title character in the 1990s NBC sitcom ""Caroline in the City"". Other films for which she is known include ""All the Right Moves"" (1983), ""Red Dawn"" (1984), ""Howard the Duck"" (1986), ""Some Kind of Wonderful"" (1987), and ""The Beverly Hillbillies"" (1993). From 2011-2017, she co-starred as Kathryn Kennish in the Freeform (formerly ABC Family) series ""Switched at Birth"". Thompson was born in Rochester,

"Elisabeth Shue"
acting to become a nurse and is the favorite actress of Dana Marschz (Steve Coogan). In 2009, Shue appeared on the seventh season of HBO's ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"" as an actress competing with Cheryl Hines's character for the part of George's ex-wife for the ""Seinfeld"" reunion. In 2009 she starred alongside Thomas Haden Church in ""Don McKay"". In 2010, Shue top-lined the horror flick ""Piranha 3D"" as Sheriff Julie Forester, which also featured Christopher Lloyd from the Back to the Future franchise. In addition she played the former groupie mother of Abigail Breslin in ""Janie Jones"" and a psychologist in

Elisabeth Shue Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress, best known for her starring roles in the films ""The Karate Kid"" (1984), ""Adventures in Babysitting"" (1987), ""Cocktail"" (1988), ""Back to the Future Part II"" (1989), ""Back to the Future Part III"" (1990), ""Soapdish"" (1991), ""Leaving Las Vegas"" (1995), ""The Saint"" (1997), ""Hollow Man"" (2000), and ""Piranha 3D"" (2010). She has won several acting awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. She starred as Julie Finlay in the CBS procedural forensics crime drama """" from 2012 to 2015. More

show's success. With co-star Meredith Baxter on maternity leave, he refused to allow Fox time off to work on a film. ""Back to the Future"" was originally scheduled for a May 1985 release and it was late 1984 when it was learned that Fox would be unable to star in the film. Zemeckis' next two choices were C. Thomas Howell and Eric Stoltz. Stoltz impressed the producers enough with his earlier portrayal of Roy L. Dennis in ""Mask"" (which had yet to be released) that they selected him to play Marty McFly. Because of the difficult casting process, the start

had been cast, but a pilot she had done for ABC had been picked up, and she was contractually forced to drop out of ""Back to the Future"". During that time, Eric Stoltz had been shooting for five weeks in the role of Marty McFly. Melora Hardin was slated for the role of Jennifer, though she never actually filmed any scenes. The producers halted filming and replaced Stoltz with Michael J. Fox. By then, Wells' pilot had been finished and she was recast as Jennifer, now shooting alongside Fox, never having filmed a frame with Stoltz. That same year (1985),

"Morgan Fairchild"
Morgan Fairchild Morgan Fairchild (born Patsy Ann McClenny; February 3, 1950) is an American actress. She achieved prominence during the late 1970s and early 1980s with continuing roles in several television series, in which she usually conveyed a glamorous image. Fairchild began her career on the CBS daytime soap opera ""Search for Tomorrow"" as Jennifer Pace from 1973 to 1977. In 1978, she appeared on the primetime soap opera ""Dallas"" as the first actress to portray Jenna Wade, before taking a lead role on the NBC series ""Flamingo Road"" in 1980 (for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe

"Room in Rome"
in Madrid, Spain as the hotel room setup. The location of the hotel in the film is an empty square called Piazzetta di San Simeone, the same square used in opening and closing shots of the film. Principal photography took place in Rome and Madrid from 26 January to 27 February 2009. May 5, 2010 Jonathan Holland of ""Variety"" magazine described it as ""typically challenging, potentially divisive item from Spanish auteur Julio Medem, and a partial return to form"", but despite praising the acting and craft of the film Holland writes ""there’s the sense that he’s more interested in his

"L'Avventura"
too begins to cry. Claudia approaches him, and after hesitating, she places her hand on his head in a gesture of compassion and comfort while looking out at the snow-covered image of Mount Etna on the horizon. Shooting began in August 1959 and lasted until January 15, 1960. Antonioni began filming the island sequence with the scenes immediately after Anna disappears. The majority of shooting on the island was filmed on the island Lisca Bianca (""white fish bone"") with a cast and crew of 50 people. Other locations for the island sequence included Panarea (which was also the production's headquarters),

Mondello and Palermo. Filming the island sequence was intended to take three weeks, but ended up lasting for four months. Difficulties included the islands being infested with rats, mosquitoes and reptiles; also, the weather was unexpectedly cold, and the Navy ship hired to transport the cast and crew to the island every day never appeared. In order to carry personal items and equipment to the island, the crew had to personally build small rafts out of empty gas canisters and wooden planks; these were towed by a launching tug every morning. One week after shooting began, the film's production company

"Italy (Everybody Loves Raymond)"
he go to Italy, Romano did not accept because he was ""not really interested in other cultures."" According to Rosenthal, ""After I got up off the floor, I realized: Here's an episode."" Directed by Gary Halvorson, ""Italy"" guest stars Silvana De Santis as Colletta, Pierrino Mascarino as Giorgio, Alex Meneses as Stefania, David Proval as Signore Fogagnolo, Enzo Vitagliano as the Bocce player, Sergio Sivori, Vanni Bramat, Luca Francucci and Alessandro Francucci. It was filmed in July 2000 in the town Anguillara Sabazia outside of Rome. Romano first hinted of the episode in an interview published that same month in

woman named Stefania, and tries to get past her father Signore Fogagnolo to meet her. With part one originally airing on October 2, 2000 and the concluding half on October 9, both on CBS, the episode has earned positive reviews from critics and received a Writers Guild of America Award. Frank (Peter Boyle) and Marie (Doris Roberts) announce to their family that they're all going to Italy for two weeks. The latter reasons that with her birthday coming up, she is using the money she had kept aside for 45 years to pay for the family to meet her cousin

the film, the cast and crew totaled 23 people. Antonioni had wanted to shoot the film chronologically, but the yacht was not available until November. Owing to the cold weather, actress Lea Massari developed a cardiac condition after spending several days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea during filming, and spent several days in a coma after being rushed to Rome for medical treatment. After completing the island sequence, filming continued throughout Sicily and Italy. The sequence on the train from Castroreale to Cefalù took two days to shoot instead of the intended three hours. The scene in Messina where Sandro

"Villa Capra ""La Rotonda"""
northwest portico is set onto the hill as the termination of a straight carriage drive from the principal gates. This carriageway is an avenue between the service blocks, built by the Capra brothers who acquired the villa in 1591; they commissioned Vincenzo Scamozzi to complete the villa and construct the range of staff and agricultural buildings. In 1979 the American film director Joseph Losey filmed Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera ""Don Giovanni"" in Villa La Rotonda and the Veneto region of Italy. The film was nominated for several César Awards in 1980 including Best Director, and has generally been praised as

"The Italian Job (2003 film)"
director remarked that ""[the Mini Coopers are] part of the cast."" Gray wanted the film to be as realistic as possible; accordingly, the actors did most of their own stunts, and computer-generated imagery was used very sparingly. The second unit, under director Alexander Witt and cinematographer Josh Bleibtreu, filmed establishing shots, the Venice canal chase sequence, and the Los Angeles chase sequence over a period of 40 days. Filming on location posed some challenges. The opening heist sequence in Venice, Italy, was strictly monitored by the local authorities, due to the high speeds the boats were driven at. The frigid

"Villa Spedalotto"
Vietri tiles, which cover the broad terrace looking towards the sea. They were placed in 1845, while between 1900 and the 1902 were replaced the tiles inside. The portico was partially damaged on the left side, from the British allied bombing in July 1943, and was reconstructed in 1945. The villa has a chapel where in 1987, a daughter of the family, Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto, married H.R.H. The Duke of Aosta, a claimant to the Italian throne. In 1991 the villa was the location for some scenes of the film ""Johnny Stecchino"" by Roberto Benigni. Villa Spedalotto The Villa

"Monte Carlo or Bust!"
time in Rome, one of the primary filming locations and became romantically linked to his co-star, Susan Hampshire. Besides the studio work at the Dino De Laurentiis Cinematografica Studios, Rome and Lazio, Italy, principal photography took place from 31 March–May 1968 at a large number of locations: England, Paris, France, Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monte Gelato Falls, Treja River, Italy and Åre, Jämtlands län, Sweden. Most of the exotic locations were from the second-unit directors while studio process shots mainly inserted the lead actors into the scenes. An excerpt from composer Ron Goodwin's cue, ""The Schickel Shamble"" became the theme music

"Wild boar"
in the forest near Staunton with over 33 animals visible was published, and at about the same time over 30 boar were seen in a field near the original escape location of Weston under Penyard many miles away. In early 2010 the Forestry Commission embarked on a cull, with the aim of reducing the boar population from an estimated 150 animals to 100. By August it was stated that efforts were being made to reduce the population from 200 to 90, but that only 25 had been killed. The failure to meet cull targets was confirmed in February 2011. Wild

"Cinder (bear)"
Cinder (bear) Cinder (January 2013 – October 2017) was a bear found badly burned as a cub after the Carlton Complex fire in Washington state, United States. She was rehabilitated and released and became an emblem of the region's will to recover. She appears to have been killed by a hunter. As a cub about one and a half years old, Cinder was discovered by Steve Love on his property on French Creek in the Methow Valley on July 31, 2014, two weeks after the wildfires. With third-degree burns on her paws, she was dragging herself on her elbows. She

"Orca (dog)"
nappies, baby wipes, and a changing mat. He could help with dressing the baby. This led to further fame for the Canine Partner. Orca retired on 12 November 2013, the day before his twelfth birthday. Orca died on 5 November 2014, 8 days before his thirteenth birthday. On 18 May 2003, after they had been partnered for two months and Orca was 17 months old and only just out of training, Cheryl's powered wheelchair struck an obstruction on a country footpath near Heslington, pitching her some 12 – 20 feet (3 – 5 metres) down an embankment into a drainage

"Otto (dog)"
Otto (dog) Otto (14 February 1989 – 14 January 2010), also known as Otto Jones, was a male dachshund-terrier cross who, from October 2009 at 20 years and 8 months, was said at the time to hold the ""Guinness World Record"" as the world's oldest living dog until his death in January 2010. Lynn Jones of Shrewsbury, England, had owned Otto since he was six weeks old. He never produced any offspring. Otto suffered from arthritis and was slightly deaf, but still liked to play with the children on his street. Lynn and her husband of eight years, Peter, put

"George Adamson"
and devoted himself to raising lions who could not look after themselves and training them to survive in the wild. In 1970, he moved to the Kora National Reserve in northern Kenya to continue the rehabilitation of captive or orphaned big cats for eventual reintroduction into the wild. George and Joy separated in 1970, but continued to spend Christmas holidays together until she was murdered on 3 January 1980. On 20 August 1989, George Adamson was murdered near his camp in Kora National Park, by Somali bandits, when he went to the rescue of his assistant and a young European

Badger
show that culling was ineffective. Some groups called for a selective cull, whilst others favoured a programme of vaccination. Wales and Northern Ireland are currently (2013) conducting field trials of a badger vaccination programme. In 2012 the government authorised a limited cull led by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. However it was later deferred and a wide range of reasons given. In August 2013 a full culling programme began whereby it was expected that about 5,000 badgers would be killed over six weeks in West Somerset and Gloucestershire using a mixture of controlled shooting and free shooting.

"British big cats"
He believed it could be the descendant of the Shropshire jungle cat from the 1980s, or a gigantic domesticated cat. The ""Cotswolds big cat"" is a purported big cat or number of big cats at large in the Cotswolds region of England. A walker in Woodchester Park found the carcass of a roe deer on 12 January 2012, with injuries suggesting the animal may have been mauled by a large felid. A second similar deer carcass was found on 16 January 2012. An analysis of the deer carcasses by University of Warwick scientists only indicated DNA evidence of foxes and

"Badger culling in the United Kingdom"
23 October 2012 that a cull would be postponed until 2013 with a wide range of reasons given. On 27 August 2013, a full culling programme began in two pilot areas, one mainly in West Somerset and the other mainly in West Gloucestershire with a part in Southeast Herefordshire, at an estimated cost of £7 million per trial area. Up to 5,094 badgers were to be shot. There were closed seasons during the cull, designed to prevent distress to animals or their dependent offspring. Shooters failed to kill the target of 70% of badgers in both trial areas during the

"1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom"
1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom The 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom resulted in the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer, who became the last recorded person to die from smallpox. Her illness and death, which was connected to the deaths of two other people, led to an official government inquiry and triggered radical changes in how dangerous pathogens were studied in the UK. The government inquiry into Parker's death by R.A. Shooter found that while working at the University of Birmingham Medical School, she was accidentally exposed to a strain of smallpox virus that

"Hunting Act 2004"
of six separate hunts were either acquitted of Hunting Act offences or had the prosecutions against them dropped, including three foxhound packs (The York & Ainsty South, the Avon Vale and the Ledbury), a harrier pack (Weston & Banwell Harriers), a staghound pack (The Quantock Staghounds) and a beagle pack (The RAC Beagles). In September 2013 David Parker, the huntsman of the Seavington Hunt, was fined after he admitted illegally hunting a fox with dogs in Dorset. The prosecution was brought by the RSPCA with evidence from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). Public opinion has tended to be

"Stop the World – I Want to Get Off"
Stop the World – I Want to Get Off Stop the World – I Want to Get Off is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley. According to Oscar Levant, the play's title was derived from a graffito. The show, set against a circus backdrop, focuses on Littlechap from the moment of his birth until his death. Each time something unsatisfactory happens, he calls out 'Stop the world!' and addresses the audience. After being born, going through school, and finding work as a tea-boy, his first major step towards improving his lot is

the format of the original stage production. Stop the World – I Want to Get Off Stop the World – I Want to Get Off is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley. According to Oscar Levant, the play's title was derived from a graffito. The show, set against a circus backdrop, focuses on Littlechap from the moment of his birth until his death. Each time something unsatisfactory happens, he calls out 'Stop the world!' and addresses the audience. After being born, going through school, and finding work as a tea-boy, his first

"Leslie Bricusse"
Leslie Bricusse Leslie Bricusse (born 29 January 1931) is an English composer, lyricist, and playwright, most prominently working in musicals and also film theme songs. Bricusse was educated at University College School in London then Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge. While at Cambridge, he was Secretary of Footlights between 1952 and 1953 and Footlights President during the following year. In the 1960s and 1970s, Bricusse enjoyed a fruitful partnership with Anthony Newley. They wrote the musical ""Stop the World – I Want to Get Off"" (1961) which was made into a film in 1966. Also in collaboration with Newley,

"Stop All the World Now"
Stop All the World Now Stop All the World Now is the second full-length album by American singer-songwriter Howie Day. It was recorded at Olympic Studios in London over three months in early 2003 and released by Epic Records on October 7, 2003. Day chose Martin Glover as a producer, known for producing the Verve's ""Urban Hymns"". The working title for the album was ""... from a Northern Sky"", a line from the song ""Come Lay Down"". The final title, ""Stop All the World Now"", is a lyric from the song ""I'll Take You On"". The album saw Day for

and Japanese edition of the album. The songs ""Madrigals"" and ""Enemy"" remain unreleased. Stop All the World Now Stop All the World Now is the second full-length album by American singer-songwriter Howie Day. It was recorded at Olympic Studios in London over three months in early 2003 and released by Epic Records on October 7, 2003. Day chose Martin Glover as a producer, known for producing the Verve's ""Urban Hymns"". The working title for the album was ""... from a Northern Sky"", a line from the song ""Come Lay Down"". The final title, ""Stop All the World Now"", is a

"You Can't Stop the Music"
You Can't Stop the Music ""You Can't Stop the Music"" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. The song, appearing on the band's 1975 album ""Soap Opera"", was written by the band's principal songwriter, Ray Davies. On the album, this message was placed before the lyrics of the song: ""And so Norman decides to stop living out his fantasy of being a rock star and accept reality. This is the end for Norman but not for us because there will always be someone ready to take his place -- after all, everybody's a star!"" In the song,

"Anthony Moore"
Slapp Happy, without Faust, performed at Mt. Rainer Hall, Shibuya in Tokyo. Anthony Moore Anthony Moore (also known as Anthony More) (born 13 August 1948) is a British experimental music composer, performer and producer. He was a founding member of the band Slapp Happy, worked with Henry Cow and has made a number of solo albums, including ""Flying Doesn't Help"" (1979) and ""World Service"" (1981). As a lyricist, Moore has collaborated with Pink Floyd on two of their albums: ""A Momentary Lapse of Reason"" (1987) and ""The Division Bell"" (1994), and contributed music to the instrumental ""Calling"" from ""The Endless

final curtain. A 1966 Warner Bros. release was little more than a filmed version of a staged production. Directed by Philip Saville, it featured additional material by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, David Donable, and Al Ham. The cast included Tony Tanner and Millicent Martin. Neither a critical nor commercial success, it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Music Scoring. The film deleted the German mistress sequence and substituted a Japanese mistress. It is not clear whether this was the Bergman contribution or if Newley and Bricusse created the new sequence. It is also unclear why this substitution

but it still did not chart in either country. ""AllMusic""'s Stephen Thomas Erlewine cited ""You Can't Stop the Music"" as a highlight from ""Soap Opera"". You Can't Stop the Music ""You Can't Stop the Music"" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. The song, appearing on the band's 1975 album ""Soap Opera"", was written by the band's principal songwriter, Ray Davies. On the album, this message was placed before the lyrics of the song: ""And so Norman decides to stop living out his fantasy of being a rock star and accept reality. This is the end for

"Don't Stop the Music (Yarbrough and Peoples song)"
Don't Stop the Music (Yarbrough and Peoples song) ""Don't Stop the Music"" is a song by Yarbrough and Peoples, from the duo's 1980 debut album, ""The Two of Us"". It was released as a single on Mercury Records in 1981. The song reached number 26 on the dance charts, number 19 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 number 7 in the UK and fared even better on the US R&B chart, where it hit number one, helping to earn a gold record for the duo. Radio promotion for the record was handled in Los Angeles by independent marketing firm Dudley-Gorov, while

"The Wealth of Nations"
The Wealth of Nations An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the ""magnum opus"" of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. By reflecting upon the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the book touches upon such broad topics as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets. ""The Wealth of Nations""

expectations and responsibilities among individuals. This type of economy is, then, contrasted with the moral foundations of exchange based on formal equality and reciprocity (but not necessarily leading to market relations) and hierarchy, based on clear inequalities that tend to crystallise in customs and castes. The Wealth of Nations An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the ""magnum opus"" of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of

how absurd and futile they must have been."" The Radical MP Richard Cobden studied ""The Wealth of Nations"" as a young man; his copy is still in the library of his home at Dunford House and there are lively marginal notes on the places where Smith condemns British colonial policy. There are none on the passage about the invisible hand. Cobden campaigned for free trade in his agitation against the Corn Laws. In 1843, Cobden quoted Smith's protest against the ""plain violation of the most sacred property"" of every man derived from his labour. In 1844, he cited Smith's opposition

"The Wealth and Poverty of Nations"
The Wealth and Poverty of Nations The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some are So Rich and Some So Poor (), published in 1998 (with an epilogue added to the 1999 paperback edition), is a book by the late David Landes, formerly Emeritus Professor of Economics and former Coolidge Professor of History at Harvard University. In it, Landes elucidates the reasons why some countries and regions of the world experienced near miraculous periods of explosive growth while the rest of the world stagnated. He does this by comparing the long-term economic histories of different regions of the world, giving

"Adam Smith"
precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics. In this and other works, he developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial in his own day and his general approach and writing style were often satirised by Tory writers in the moralising tradition of William Hogarth and Jonathan Swift. In 2005, ""The Wealth of Nations"" was named among the 100 best Scottish books of all time. Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, Scotland. His father, also Adam Smith, was a Scottish

Cannan collated the first five editions. The differences were published along with an edited sixth edition in 1904. They found minor but numerous differences (including the addition of many footnotes) between the first and the second editions, both of which were published in two volumes. The differences between the second and third editions, however, are major. In 1784, Smith annexed these first two editions with the publication of ""Additions and Corrections to the First and Second Editions of Dr. Adam Smith’s Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,"" and he also had published the three-volume third

propounding a rigid subsistence-wage theory of labour supply. In noting the last words of the ""Wealth of Nations"", Ronald Coase suggests that if Smith's earlier proposal of granting colonies representation in the British parliament proportional to their contributions to public revenues had been followed, ""there would have been no 1776, … America would now be ruling England, and we [in America] would be today celebrating Adam Smith not simply as the author of the ""Wealth of Nations"", but hailing him as a founding father."" Mark Blaug argues that it was Smith's achievement to shift the burden of proof against those

to slave labour and claimed that Smith had been misrepresented by protectionists as a monopolist. In 1849 Cobden claimed that he had ""gone through the length and breadth of this country, with Adam Smith in my hand, to advocate the principles of Free Trade."" He also said he had tried ""to popularise to the people of this country, and of the Continent, those arguments with which Adam Smith ... and every man who has written on this subject, have demonstrated the funding system to be injurious to mankind."" Cobden believed it to be morally wrong to lend money to be

economists, politicians, mathematicians, biologists, and thinkers of all fields to build upon. Irrespective of historical influence, ""The Wealth of Nations"" represented a clear paradigm shift in the field of economics, comparable to Sir Isaac Newton's ""Principia Mathematica"" for physics, Antoine Lavoisier's ""Traité Élémentaire de Chimie"" for chemistry, or Charles Darwin's ""On the Origin of Species"" for biology. Five editions of ""The Wealth of Nations"" were published during Smith's lifetime: in 1776, 1778, 1784, 1786 and 1789. Numerous editions appeared after Smith's death in 1790. To better understand the evolution of the work under Smith's hand, a team led by Edwin

Wealth of Nations."" The Wealth of Nations was the product of seventeen years of notes and earlier works, as well as an observation of conversation among economists of the time concerning economic and societal conditions during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and it took Smith some ten years to produce. The result, An Inquiry to the Wealth of Nations, was a treatise which sought to offer a practical application for reformed economic theory to replace the mercantilist and physiocratic economic theories that were becoming less relevant in the time of industrial progress and innovation. It provided the foundation for

"50–40–90 club"
Nash's lifetime 49–43–90 regular season average is the closest anyone has come to achieving a career 50–40–90 mark. Nash's lifetime 47–40–90 playoff average is the closest anyone has come to achieving a career 50–40–90 mark in the playoffs. Dirk Nowitzki is the only member that falls short of the updated minimum requirement for three-point makes implemented since 2013, finishing with 72 threes in 2007. Since the NBA introduced the three-point field goal in the 1979–80 season, the 50–40–90 shooting threshold has been reached by seven players: Nash and Bird are the only players who achieved 50–40–90 in multiple seasons; Bird

"Shawn Bradley"
least 20 points, 20 rebounds, and 10 blocks in a single game, and the first to do so off the bench. The previous players to record a 20-20-10 game with points, rebounds, and blocks were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Elvin Hayes, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Shaquille O'Neal. Bradley finished the year with a team-record 214 blocked shots; his average of 3.3 per game ranked third in the NBA. Bradley played 7 more seasons in the league, remaining with the Mavericks until his retirement in 2005. Over that span, his playing time slowly declined, mainly due to some injuries and constant juggling of the

"2015–16 Golden State Warriors season"
list (28), five games behind the Los Angeles Lakers' 33-game win streak. During this game Draymond Green recorded a five-by-five game, with 24 points, 11 rebounds, 8 assists, 5 steals and 5 blocks. The feat of recording at least 20 points, 10 rebounds, five assists, five steals and five blocks has only been achieved seven times by three different players (including five times by Hakeem Olajuwon). Since the 1983–84 NBA season, only 16 players have recorded a 5x5 line. The winning streak to start the season ended at 24 games when they were beaten by the Milwaukee Bucks, 108–95. The

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris

have to accept the treaty or face an invasion of Allied forces across the Rhine within On 23 June, Bauer capitulated and sent a second telegram with a confirmation that a German delegation would arrive shortly to sign the treaty. On 28 June 1919, the fifth anniversary of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the immediate impetus for the war), the peace treaty was signed. The treaty had clauses ranging from war crimes, the prohibition on the merging of Austria with Germany without the consent of the League of Nations, freedom of navigation on major European rivers, to the returning

[that] came in 1943"" leading to the development of the V-2 rocket. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the

of its coal and iron, a third of its factories (totalling 54 percent of the nation's industrial capacity), and a quarter of its railroads. During the autumn of 1918, the Central Powers began to collapse. Desertion rates within the German army began to increase, and civilian strikes drastically reduced war production. On the Western Front, the Allied forces launched the Hundred Days Offensive and decisively defeated the German western armies. Sailors of the Imperial German Navy at Kiel mutinied, which prompted uprisings in Germany, which became known as the German Revolution. The German government tried to obtain a peace settlement

countries. Clemenceau accepted the offer, in return for an occupation of the Rhineland for fifteen years and that Germany would also demilitarise the Rhineland. French negotiators required reparations, to make Germany pay for the destruction induced throughout the war and to decrease German strength. The French also wanted the iron ore and coal of the Saar Valley, by annexation to France. The French were willing to accept a smaller amount of reparations than the Americans would concede and Clemenceau was willing discuss German capacity to pay with the German delegation, before the final settlement was drafted. In April and May

1919, the French and Germans held separate talks, on mutually acceptable arrangements on issues like reparation, reconstruction and industrial collaboration. France, along with the British Dominions and Belgium, opposed mandates and favored annexation of former German colonies. Britain had suffered little land devastation during the war. However, the British wartime coalition was re-elected during the so-called Coupon election at the end of 1918, with a policy of squeezing the German ""'til the pips squeak"". Public opinion favoured a ""just peace"", which would force Germany to pay reparations and be unable to repeat the aggression of 1914, although those of a

formed and an independent Poland proclaimed. In December, Poles launched an uprising within the Prussian province of Posen. Fighting lasted until February, when an armistice was signed that left the province in Polish hands, but technically still a German possession. Talks between the Allies to establish a common negotiating position started on 18 January 1919, in the ""Salle de l'Horloge"" at the French Foreign Ministry on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. Initially, 70 delegates from 27 nations participated in the negotiations. Russia was excluded due to their signing of a separate peace (the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and early withdrawal from

Constituent Assembly of India The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from Great Britain in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament. An idea for a Constituent Assembly was proposed in 1934 by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935, C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise, and was accepted by the British in August 1940. On

"Constituent assembly"
political class is trying to thwart the will of the people by disrespecting the result of the 2012 constitutional referendum. The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India, and served as its first Parliament as an independent nation. It was set up as a result of negotiations between the leaders of the Indian independence movement and members of the British Cabinet Mission. The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly, which existed under the British Raj. It first met on December 9, 1946, in Delhi. On August 15, 1947,

representatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approximately three years, the first parliament of India after independence in 1947. The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage, and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation. Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one-party environment, the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions—from conservative industrialists to radical Marxists, to Hindu revivalists.

"Senior Open Championship"
Senior Open Championship The Senior Open Championship, or simply The Senior Open (and originally known as the Senior British Open) is a professional golf tournament for players aged 50 and over. It is run by The R&A, the same body that organises The Open Championship. Prize money won in the event is official money on both PGA Tour Champions (formerly the Senior PGA Tour and Champions Tour) and the European Senior Tour. The purse, which is fixed in United States dollars, was $2 million in 2011, with a winner's share of $315,600. For sponsorship reasons, it is currently known as

"U.S. Senior Open"
by pros. Like other USGA championships, it has been played on many courses throughout the United States. Allen Doyle became the oldest U.S. Senior Open Champion in 2006, winning two weeks before his 58th birthday. The total purse was the highest of any senior tour event until the Posco E&C Songdo Championship in South Korea, a Champions Tour event in 2010 and 2011 with a $3 million purse, but had a lower winner's share ($450,000). The U.S. Senior Open is again the highest purse on the PGA Tour Champions; in 2016 it was $3.75 million, and champion Gene Sauers earned

"Senior PGA Championship"
the Senior PGA Championship, the majors run by the PGA of America: Senior PGA Championship The Senior PGA Championship is the oldest of the five major championships in men's senior golf. It is administered by the Professional Golfers' Association of America and is recognized as a major championship by both PGA Tour Champions and the European Senior Tour. It was formerly an unofficial money event on the European Senior Tour, but since 2007 has been an official money event. Winners gain entry into the same season's PGA Championship. The winners prior to 1980, the first season of the senior tour,

Senior PGA Championship The Senior PGA Championship is the oldest of the five major championships in men's senior golf. It is administered by the Professional Golfers' Association of America and is recognized as a major championship by both PGA Tour Champions and the European Senior Tour. It was formerly an unofficial money event on the European Senior Tour, but since 2007 has been an official money event. Winners gain entry into the same season's PGA Championship. The winners prior to 1980, the first season of the senior tour, are not considered major champions of this event by the PGA Tour

$675,000. The purse in 2017 is anticipated to be $4 million, yielding a winner's share of $720,000. Like other senior majors, players must walk the course unless they receive a medical exemption to use a cart. Winners gain entry into the following year's U.S. Open. The playoff format was modified for 2018, reduced from three to two aggregate holes, followed by sudden death. The three-hole aggregate playoff was used in 2002 and 2014; the final 18-hole playoff at the U.S. Senior Open was in 1991, won by The following players are exempt from qualifying for the U.S. Senior Open, provided

"Senior major golf championships"
variable from one round to the next, so playing an extra round increases the likelihood that the senior majors will be won by leading players. In the current order of play, the senior majors are: The Senior PGA Championship, U.S. Senior Open, and Senior Open Championship, have fields of 144 to 156 players and a 36-hole cut. The Tradition and Senior Players Championship have 81 player fields and no 36-hole cut. The order of play has changed many times during the history of senior golf, especially since 2006: Unlike the mainstream majors, two of the senior majors have title sponsors,

Champions. The lower age limit is 50, which is the standard limit for men's senior professional golf tournaments. Like its PGA Tour counterpart, the Senior PGA Championship allows club professionals to enter. The tournament committee invites former winners of the PGA Professional National Championship and the top 35 club professionals who qualify through a tournament. The inaugural event was played in 1937 at Augusta National Golf Club, with 54-year-old Jock Hutchison winning the 54-hole event on Thursday, December 2. The second edition at Augusta was reduced to 36 holes due to rain, but had an 18-hole playoff on December 9

U.S. Senior Open The U.S. Senior Open is one of the five major championships in senior golf, introduced in 1980. It is administered by the United States Golf Association (USGA) and is recognized as a major championship by both the PGA Tour Champions and the European Senior Tour. The lower age limit was 55 in 1980, but it was lowered to 50 for the second edition in 1981, which is the standard limit for men's senior professional golf tournaments. By definition, the event is open to amateurs, but has been dominated by professionals; through 2017, all editions have been won

1991 it was held the week before the Open and in 1998 it was held in August, three weeks after the Open. The 2018 Senior Open was held at St Andrews for the first time, a decision which was heavily influenced by five-time Open champion Tom Watson. The standard field size is 144 players and an 18-hole qualifying round is held at the championship course on the Monday before the tournament, with a minimum of 24 places available. If fewer than 120 exempt players enter, the field is filled to 144 with more high finishers from qualifying. If more than

120 exempt players enter, the top 24 finishers earn entry even if it causes the field to expand beyond 144. Seven players have multiple victories in the Senior Open Championship: Three have won both The Open Championship and the Senior Open, the professional majors run by the R&A. Note, however, that the Senior Open was not a major until 2003. Senior Open Championship The Senior Open Championship, or simply The Senior Open (and originally known as the Senior British Open) is a professional golf tournament for players aged 50 and over. It is run by The R&A, the same body

"American Idol"
renewed the revival series for another season. Perry, Bryan and Richie will return as judges, while Seacrest will return as host. Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of ""American Idol"". It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall. ""American Idol"" premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of

American Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle USA and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to April 7, 2016, for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the sixteenth season debuted on ABC. It started as an addition to the ""Idols"" format that was based on ""Pop Idol"" from British television, and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with

season, and ended its run in 2016 as Fox's first ever program to conclude its run without dropping from the Nielsen Top 30 most watched television shows in each of its seasons. Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of ""Entertainment Weekly"" considered that ""As TV, ""American Idol"" is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential"". Others, however, thought that ""the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed"". It was also described as a ""sadistic musical bake-off"", and ""a romp in humiliation"". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement

airing is delayed, the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results. In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3. American Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle USA and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to April 7, 2016, for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the sixteenth season debuted on ABC. It started as an addition to the ""Idols"" format that was based on ""Pop Idol"" from British television, and became one

being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-""Idol"". This season also saw the launch of the ""American Idol"" Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the ""coronation song"". Thousands of recordings of original songs were submitted by songwriters, and 20 entries selected for the public vote. The winning song, ""This Is My Now"", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007. The seventh seasonpremiered on January 15, 2008, for a two-day, four-hour premiere. The media focused on the professional status of the seventh season contestants, the

sales of more than 23 million. Starting September 30, 2006, this season was repackaged as """"American Idol Rewind"""" and syndicated directly to stations in the U.S. Following the success of the first season, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003. The number of episodes increased, as did the show's budget and the charge for commercial spots. Dunkleman left the show, leaving Seacrest as the lone host. Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season. Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul

Barack Obama praised the millions of young people that voted for contestants and pitched that they vote in the upcoming election. The farewell season concluded on April 7, 2016. Seacrest signed off by saying: ""And one more time—this is so tough—we say to you from Hollywood, goodnight America"", and then he added, ""for now."" Trent Harmon won the season against runner-up La'Porsha Renae. Harmon released ""Falling"" co-written by Keith Urban as his coronation song. Renae's ""Battles"", third-place finisher Dalton Rapattoni's ""Strike A Match"" and fourth-place finisher MacKenzie Bourg's ""Roses"" were also released as singles. In early 2017, ""Variety"" reported that

were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays from the tenth through thirteenth seasons. From the fourteenth season onward, there were no separate results shows. On the fourteenth season, the show aired on Wednesday nights, and on the fifteenth season, Thursday nights. From the sixteenth season onward, it aired on Sundays and Mondays. The first season of ""American Idol"" debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were

The ""American Idol"" Songwriter contest was also held this season. From ten of the most popular submissions, each of the final two contestants chose a song to perform, although neither of their selections was used as the ""coronation song"". The winning song, ""The Time of My Life"", was recorded by David Cook and released on May 22, 2008. The eighth season premiered on January 13, 2009. Mike Darnell, the president of alternative programming for Fox, stated that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life. In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara

that season, but left after just one season. On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell left the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show ""The X Factor"" for 2011. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined the judging panel in the tenth season, but both left after two seasons. They were replaced by three new judges, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban, who joined Randy Jackson in the twelfth season. However both Carey and Minaj left after one season, and Randy Jackson departed the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor. Urban

"Elizabeth Lail"
cast as a female lead in the Lifetime television series, ""You"", opposite Penn Badgley and Shay Mitchell. Elizabeth Lail Elizabeth Dean Lail (born March 25, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Amy Hughes in the 2016 Freeform television series ""Dead of Summer"" and as Guinevere Beck in the 2018 Lifetime television series ""You"", and for her recurring role as Anna in the fourth season of the ABC adventure fantasy television series ""Once Upon a Time"". Lail was born in Williamson County, Texas, to her parents, Dean Franklin Lail and wife Kay Lurene Surratt.

Elizabeth Lail Elizabeth Dean Lail (born March 25, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Amy Hughes in the 2016 Freeform television series ""Dead of Summer"" and as Guinevere Beck in the 2018 Lifetime television series ""You"", and for her recurring role as Anna in the fourth season of the ABC adventure fantasy television series ""Once Upon a Time"". Lail was born in Williamson County, Texas, to her parents, Dean Franklin Lail and wife Kay Lurene Surratt. She has one older sister. Lail grew up in Asheboro, North Carolina. After graduating from Asheboro High

"Sally Kirkland"
Sally Kirkland Sally Kirkland (born October 31, 1941) is an American film, television and stage actress. She received Golden Globe and Independent Spirit Awards, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her performance in ""Anna"" (1987). Kirkland was also Golden Globe-nominated for her work in ""The Haunted"" (1991). Kirkland was born in New York City. She was named after her mother, Sally Kirkland (born Sarah Phinney), who was a fashion editor at ""Vogue"" and ""LIFE"" magazines, and was raised in Oklahoma. Her father, Frederic McMichael Kirkland, worked in the scrap metal business. Kirkland began acting Off-Broadway

"Anna Devane"
February 13, 2012. On April 6, 2012, executive producer, Frank Valentini announced on Twitter that Hughes had been placed on contract with the series. In October 2015, it was reported that Hughes has inked a deal with the series and will remain in the role of Anna. Anna is introduced in 1985 as skilled jewel thief who takes an interest in Robert Scorpio (Tristan Rogers) and his wife Holly Sutton (Emma Samms). Anna is soon revealed to be Robert's ex-wife whom he divorced upon discovering she was a double-agent working for the DVX. Anna works as Sean Donely's (John Reilly)

"Anna DiMera"
the show until April 2, 2009. She most recently reprised the role again in early-December 2009 on a recurring basis, after taking a leave of absence from the show and ultimately leaving once more on June 15, 2010. In July 2016, it was reported that Hunley was to again reprise the role of Anna in the upcoming new year, with her return date set for January 9, 2017. Hunley departed on February 16, 2017. In December 2017, it was announced that Hunley would return to the role, beginning January 5, 2018. She last appeared February 14, 2018. For her work

"Daniela Nardini"
Daniela Nardini Daniela Nardini (born 26 April 1968, Largs) is a Scottish actress of Italian ancestry, who played Anna Forbes in the BBC Two television series ""This Life"". The role earned her a BAFTA Best Actress award in 1998 and also earned her a Scottish BAFTA. She won a second Scottish BAFTA in 2009 for her role in Annie Griffin's ""New Town"". Nardini was educated at St Mary’s Primary School in Largs, a Catholic primary school, her secondary school was Largs Academy, the local mixed-religion comprehensive. She then trained as an actress at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and

"Heather Lind"
Heather Lind Heather Lind (born March 22, 1983) is an American actress. She is known for her portrayal of Anna Strong in the AMC series """". She is the twin sister of actress Christina Bennett Lind. Lind was born in Upland, Pennsylvania, and was raised in Guilderland, New York. She earned her Bachelor of Arts in 2005 at Fordham University and her Master of Fine Arts in acting at New York University's Graduate Acting program. She made her Broadway debut in the Shakespeare in the Park production ""The Merchant of Venice"", in which she played Jessica, the daughter of Shylock,

"Anna (1987 film)"
Anna (1987 film) Anna is a 1987 film directed by Yurek Bogayevicz, it was adapted by Agnieszka Holland from an unauthorized story by Holland and Bogayevicz, based on the real life of Polish actress Elżbieta Czyżewska. The film stars Sally Kirkland, Robert Fields, Paulina Porizkova, Steven Gilborn and Larry Pine. Kirkland was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and she won a Golden Globe Award and an Independent Spirit Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture. The story of a Czech actress, looking for work in New York City, who

"Shari O'Donnell"
of seven children to Irish parents. In 2007, she founded ""Organic Productions"" a theatrical production company that produces new original content for stage. Her first production was ""Stoker"", in which she also played the lead. Shari O'Donnell Shari O'Donnell (born 1 May 1985) is an Irish actress and film producer known for playing Anna, daughter of F. A. Mitchell-Hedges in ""The Lost World of the Crystal Skull"". She operates her own film production company Nantosuelta Entertainment. O'Donnell was producer in ""The Lost World of the Crystal Skull"", ""George Clooney's Irish Roots"" and ""The Cinema: A Brief History of World Cinema"".

"I, Anna"
I, Anna I, Anna is a 2012 noir thriller film written and directed by Barnaby Southcombe and based on Elsa Lewin's novel of the same name. The film stars Southcombe's mother Charlotte Rampling alongside Gabriel Byrne and Hayley Atwell. DCI Bernie Reid's latest case is the mystery of a man brutally murdered in a London apartment building. As an insomniac going through a divorce, Reid's concentration on the case is further complicated after an encounter with Anna, an enigmatic figure. He tracks her down to a party where she denies any knowledge of having already met him. Despite her protestations,

"Send In the Clowns"
Send In the Clowns ""Send In the Clowns"" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical ""A Little Night Music"", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film ""Smiles of a Summer Night"". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage proposals she had rejected. Meeting him after so long, she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready

second DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is still played by the brass on special occasions. Send In the Clowns ""Send In the Clowns"" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical ""A Little Night Music"", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film ""Smiles of a Summer Night"". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage

what I want. Sorry, my dear,"" the performer must communicate the connection between the ""want"" and the ""sorry"". Similarly, Sondheim insists that performers separately enunciate the adjacent ""t""'s in the line, ""There ought to be clowns."" The musical and the song debuted on Broadway in 1973. The song became popular with theater audiences but had not become a pop hit. Sondheim explained how the song became a hit: Frank Sinatra recorded ""Send in the Clowns"" in 1973 for his album ""Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back"", which attained gold status. Gordon Jenkins arranged the song. It was also released as a

single. Two years later Judy Collins recorded ""Send in the Clowns"" for her album ""Judith"". The song was released as a single, which soon became a major pop hit. It remained on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for 11 weeks in 1975, reaching Number 36. In 1977 the song again reached the Billboard Hot 100, where it remained for 16 weeks and reached Number 19. At the Grammy Awards of 1976, the Judy Collins performance of the song was named Song of the Year. After Sinatra and Collins recorded the song, it was recorded by Bing Crosby, Kenny Rogers, and Lou

Rawls. In 1985, Sondheim added a verse for Barbra Streisand to use in her concert performances and recording, which was included on ""The Broadway Album"". In 1986, her version reached No.25 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. The song has become a jazz standard with performances by Count Basie, Sarah Vaughan, the Stan Kenton Orchestra and many others. The song appears on over 900 records by hundreds of performers in a variety of arrangements. The drum corps Santa Clara Vanguard performed an arrangement of this song as part of their musical program in 1974, when the corps won its

and uses a complex compound meter. It became Sondheim's most popular song after Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1973 and Judy Collins' version charted in 1975 and 1977. Subsequently, numerous other artists recorded the song, and it has become a jazz standard. The ""clowns"" in the title do not refer to circus clowns. Instead, they symbolize fools, as Sondheim explained in a 1990 interview: In a 2008 interview, Sondheim further clarified: Judi Dench, who performed the role of Desirée in London, commented on the context of the song during an interview with Alan Titchmarsh. The play is ""a dark play

four verses and a bridge and sung by Desirée. As Sondheim explains, Desirée experiences both deep regret and furious anger: The song was originally performed in the key of D flat major. The song uses an unusual and complex meter, which alternates between 12/8 and 9/8. These are two complex compound meters that evoke the sense of a waltz used throughout the score of the show. Sondheim tells the story: ""Send in the Clowns"" is performed in two completely different styles: dramatic and lyric. The dramatic style is the theatrical performance by Desirée, and this style emphasizes Desirée's feelings of

young wife runs away with his son, so he is free to accept Desirée's proposal, and the song is reprised as a coda. Sondheim wrote the lyrics and music over a two-day period during rehearsals for the play's Broadway debut, specifically for the actress Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desirée. According to Sondheim, ""Glynis had a lovely, crystal voice, but sustaining notes was not her thing. I wanted to write short phrases, so I wrote a song full of questions"" and the song's melody is within a small music range: The lyrics of the song are written in

to marry him, but now it is he who rejects her: he is in an unconsummated marriage with a much younger woman. Desirée proposes marriage to rescue him from this situation, but he declines, citing his dedication to his bride. Reacting to his rejection, Desirée sings this song. The song is later reprised as a coda after Fredrik's young wife runs away with his son, and Fredrik is finally free to accept Desirée's offer. Sondheim wrote the song specifically for Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desirée on Broadway. The song is structured with four verses and a bridge,

"Be a Clown"
the film ""Singin' in the Rain"" appears to be very similar to ""Be a Clown,"" although Cole Porter did not make a complaint. Both films were Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer productions and starred Kelly, who appeared in (but did not sing) the ""Make 'Em Laugh"" segment of the latter film in which the song was performed by Donald O'Connor. Be a Clown ""Be a Clown"" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film ""The Pirate"". The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by

"U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state"
from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. Many states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973. Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them. From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose

10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as

the minimum age for ""consumption"" of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same. As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered

"Alcohol law"
Canada enacted prohibition of alcohol sales, consumption and distribution between the years of 1910 and 1920. After prohibition was ended, most provinces had a minimum drinking age of 21 years, while in the early 70s the age limit was lowered to either 18 or 19 years of age. Later a few provinces and territories raised their age limit from 18 to 19 in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The legal age for buying and possessing (but not necessarily for drinking) has been 21 years in every state since shortly after the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act

"Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution"
proposed amendment was adopted on December 5, 1933. It is the only amendment to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions, specially selected for the purpose. All other amendments have been ratified by state legislatures. It is also the only amendment that was approved for the explicit purpose of repealing a previously existing amendment to the Constitution. The Twenty-first Amendment ending national prohibition became officially effective on December 15, though people started drinking openly before that date. The various responses of the 48 states is as follows: The following states ratified the amendment: Ratification was completed on December 5, 1933.

"Legal drinking age"
Somalia and Sudan the sale, production and consumption of alcohol is completely prohibited. The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age

"Alcohol laws of New York"
on-premises consumption. Williamson, in Wayne County, bans on-premises sale of beer at race tracks, outdoor athletic fields and sports stadia where admission is charged. In all, there are 39 partially dry towns. In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4, 1982, to

"Alcohol laws of Australia"
is the ""Liquor Licensing Act 1997"" (SA). The principal aim of the Act is to minimise the harm associated with the consumption of alcohol in South Australia. The drinking age was lowered from 21 to 20 in 1968 and by 1971 South Australia had a drinking age of 18. Between 1836 and 1839, liquor licences were granted by the Governor. On 21 February 1839, Act No. 1 of 1839 became the first liquor licensing legislation in the Province, including three licenses: In 1869, a Storekeeper's Colonial Wine Licence was introduced. Alcohol may not be sold in Victoria without a licence

of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except

Ticino) maintain a minimum purchase age below 18 years permitting minors either full or limited access to alcohol. In 2005, 2007 and recently in 2015 the European Union has failed to enact a law forcing member states to raise their purchase age to 18 years. But in the past years several European countries have raised their drinking/purchase age or enacted laws restricting the access to alcohol for minors: Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and

Magazine"" called Quaid ""the real workhorse"" and added that he ""bears the heavy load of convincingly giving us both a monster and a repentant dad longing to connect with his son. Quaid impresses on both counts."" Michael Foust of the Southern Baptist Texan gave the film 5/5 stars and wrote, ""The screenplay is gripping, the soundtrack is perfect, and the performances by Quaid and Finley had me squirming, laughing and crying."" The film was released on iTunes and Google Play on June 5, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on June 12, 2018. ""I Can Only Imagine"" was the no.

making $6.2 million on its first day (including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews), weekend estimates were increased to $14 million. It ended up grossing $17.1 million, exceeding expectations and finishing third at the box office behind ""Black Panther"" and ""Tomb Raider"". 67% of the opening weekend audience was female while 80% was over the age of 35. It was the fourth best-ever opening for a faith-based film, following ""The Passion of the Christ"" ($83.8 million), ""Son of God"" ($25.6 million) and ""Heaven Is for Real"" ($22.5 million). In its second weekend the film was added to 624 additional theaters

100, based on 8 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A+"" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to earn such a score. ""The Arizona Republic""s James Ward gave the film 4/5 stars and wrote, ""Too often faith-based films — say anything with Kirk Cameron or the terrible ""God's Not Dead"" series — tend to preach to the choir or hector their audience. The Erwins’ films — ""I Can Only Imagine"" definitely among them — are more inclusive, charitable

of spirit and hopeful, all qualities that are always appreciated, be they rooted in Christian faith or otherwise."" David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a ""C–"" saying: ""There’s a reason why all of these movies are so amateurishly made; why they all end with links to religious websites; why they all look like they were shot on an iPhone by a Walmart-brand Janusz Kaminski who lit each interior like the white light of heaven was streaming through every window...Art can be affirmation, but affirmation cannot be art."" Faith-based reviewers mostly gave the movie positive reviews. Megan Basham of ""World

"Aurea (car)"
6 Volt Westinghouse starting and generating systems. generator is mounted in gearbox and similar to the Metallurgique car arrangement. Aurea vehicles contain Veglia instruments from the Veglia family of Bolongna Italy; later versions contain O.S. instruments as a variation of the Veglia standard type. Amp gauge is American Westinghouse and oil gauge is ""Aurea"" insignia marked. All Aurea vehicles are right hand drive formation, as this was law in Italy before that countries road laws changed; hence they were suitable for British and Colonial use. Series 400 Aureas contain a 3 speed gearbox; Series 500 and 600 vehicles contain a

"Sport utility vehicle"
Passenger class vehicles designed for off-road use are known as ""four-wheel drives"", ""4WDs"", or ""4×4s"". Some manufacturers do refer to their products as SUVs, but others invented names such as XUV, (HSV Avalanche XUV or GMC Envoy XUV) or action utility vehicles (AUVs). The term ""AWD"", or all-wheel drive, is used for any vehicle which drives on all four wheels, but may not be designed for off-road use. ""Crossover"" is a marketing term for a vehicle that is both four-wheel-drive and primarily a road car. In the United Kingdom the term ""4×4"" (four-by-four) is also common, even for vehicles not

Sport utility vehicle Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive. Many SUVs are built on a light-truck chassis but operated as a family vehicle, and though designed to be used on rougher surfaces, most often used on city streets or highways. In recent years, in some countries the term SUV has replaced terms like ""Jeep"" or ""Land-Rover"" in the popular lexicon as a generic description for light 4WD vehicles. Many SUVs have an upright built

Italian made bodies; Australian bound vehicles were exported via England and contain either a British made body or Australian made body. All Aurea have a typical ""gable"" type bonnet and scuttle arrangement similar to the late 1920s FIAT and all Ceirano, Lancia and other Italian makes of that period. The Aurea 1460 and 1490 cc S.V. engine is similar to that of a FIAT 501 design, but is unique. Aurea engine and drivetrain components can only be identified by a cast oval containing the word ""Aurea"" at top centre of gearbox bellhousing, as per Ceirano vehicle arrangement. Aurea use American

"Single-occupancy vehicle"
SOV in this context refers to a status and usage, not the vehicle type. Single-occupancy vehicle A single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) is a privately operated vehicle whose only occupant is the driver. The drivers of SOVs use their vehicles primarily for personal travel, daily commuting and for running errands. The types of vehicles include, but are not limited to, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), light-duty trucks, and any combination thereof, along with all the various van and car sizes, but would generally be taken to exclude human-powered vehicles such as bicycles. This term is used by transportation engineers and planners. SOVs contrast

"Quattro (four-wheel-drive system)"
Unit to avoid ""wind-up"" in transmission. When Electronic Stability Programs (ESP) are activated the Haldex is disengaged to allow the ESP system to effectively control the vehicle, this applies under acceleration and deceleration conditions. As part of Audi's celebration of quattro All-Wheel Drive technology, a TV commercial titled 'Ahab' was produced inspired by the American novel, Moby Dick. The ad debutted in the United States during 2012 NFL division playoffs. Quattro (four-wheel-drive system) Quattro (meaning ""four"" in Italian) is the sub-brand used by the car brand Audi to indicate that all-wheel drive (AWD) technologies or systems are used on specific

Single-occupancy vehicle A single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) is a privately operated vehicle whose only occupant is the driver. The drivers of SOVs use their vehicles primarily for personal travel, daily commuting and for running errands. The types of vehicles include, but are not limited to, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), light-duty trucks, and any combination thereof, along with all the various van and car sizes, but would generally be taken to exclude human-powered vehicles such as bicycles. This term is used by transportation engineers and planners. SOVs contrast with high-occupancy vehicles (HOV), which have two or more occupants. Keep in mind that

"Autonomous underwater vehicle"
Autonomous underwater vehicle An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring input from an operator. AUVs constitute part of a larger group of undersea systems known as unmanned underwater vehicles, a classification that includes non-autonomous remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) – controlled and powered from the surface by an operator/pilot via an umbilical or using remote control. In military applications a AUV is more often referred to as unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV). Underwater gliders are a subclass of AUVs. The first AUV was developed at the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington as

"Cab over"
Cab over Cab-over, also known as cab over engine (COE), cab forward (U.S.), or forward control (UK), is a body style of truck, bus, or van that has a vertical front, ""flat face"" or a semi-hood, with the cab of the truck sitting above (or forward of) the front axle. This contrasts with a conventional truck where the engine is mounted in front of the driver. This truck configuration is currently common among European and Asian truck manufacturers. European regulations set restrictions for both the total length and the length of the load area, which allow a cab length of

"Fascia (car)"
Fascia (car) Fascia is a term used in two areas in the automotive world. ""Fascia"" often refers to the decorative panels of a car's dashboard, or the dashboard assembly. Regulations affecting bumper design in the late 1970s saw the increasing use of soft plastic materials on the front and rear of vehicles. ""Fascia"" was adopted then as the term to describe these soft areas, but is now increasingly used as a general term for a car's set of front-end components: grille, headlamps, front bumper, and other details. A bumper valance panel, a piece that is mounted on top of the

"Disaster recovery plan"
These measures seek to identify and reduce risks. They are designed to mitigate or prevent an event from happening. These measures may include keeping data backed up and off site, using surge protectors, installing generators and conducting routine inspections. Detective measures are taken to discover the presence of any unwanted events within the IT infrastructure. Their aim is to uncover new potential threats. They may detect or uncover unwanted events. These measures include installing fire alarms, using up-to-date antivirus software, holding employee training sessions, and installing server and network monitoring software. Corrective measures are aimed to restore a system after

structure of the contingency organization may not be the same as the existing organization chart. The contingency organization is usually structured with teams responsible for major functional areas such as administrative functions, facilities, logistics, user support, computer backup, restoration, and any other important area. The management team is especially important because it coordinates the recovery process. The team assesses the disaster, activates the recovery plan, and contacts team managers. The management team also oversees, documents and monitors the recovery process. It is helpful when management team members are the final decision-makers in setting priorities, policies and procedures. Each team has

"Disaster response"
also may involve initial repairs to damaged or diversion to infrastructure. The focus in the response phase is on putting people safe, prevent need disasters and meeting the basic needs of the people until more permanent and sustainable solutions can be found. The main responsibility to address these needs and respond to a disaster lies with the government or governments in whose territory the disaster has occurred. In addition, Humanitarian organizations are often strongly present in this phase of the disaster management cycle, particularly in countries where the government lacks the resources to respond adequately to the needs. A ""disaster"",

"Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing"
plans will also cover new and existing threats as such threats develop. Adequate records need to be retained by the organization. The auditor examines records, billings, and contracts to verify that records are being kept. One such record is a current list of the organization's hardware and software vendors. Such list is made and periodically updated to reflect changing business practice. Copies of it are stored on and off site and are made available or accessible to those who require them. An auditor tests the procedures used to meet this objective and determine their effectiveness. A hot/cold site is a

"Emergency management"
gaps in post disaster recovery and to serve as a catalyst for the development of tools and resources for recovery efforts. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) works closely with National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies in responding to emergencies, many times playing a pivotal role. In addition, the IFRC may deploy assessment teams, e.g. Field Assessment and Coordination Teams (FACT), to the affected country if requested by the national society. After assessing the needs, Emergency Response Units (ERUs) may be deployed to the affected country or region. They are specialized in the response

"Backup site"
Backup site A backup site or work area recovery site is a location where an organization can relocate following a disaster, such as fire, flood, terrorist threat or other disruptive event. This is an integral part of the disaster recovery plan and wider business continuity planning of an organization. A backup, or alternate, site can be another data center location operated by the organization, or contracted via a company that specializes in disaster recovery services. In some cases, one organization will have an agreement with a second organization to operate a joint backup site. In addition, an organization may have

organization to include procedures for determining whether an emergency situation has occurred and at what point an emergency management plan should be activated. An emergency plan must be regularly maintained, in a structured and methodical manner, to ensure it is up-to-date in the event of an emergency. Emergency managers generally follow a common process to anticipate, assess, prevent, prepare, respond and recover from an incident. Cleanup during disaster recovery involves many occupational hazards. Often these hazards are exacerbated by the conditions of the local environment as a result of the natural disaster. While individual workers should be aware of these

Disaster response Disaster response is the second phase of the disaster management cycle. It consists of a number of elements, for example; warning/evacuation, search and rescue, providing immediate assistance, assessing damage, continuing assistance and the immediate restoration or construction of infrastructure (i.e. provisional storm drains or diversion dams).The aim of emergency response is to provide immediate assistance to maintain life, improve health and support the morale of the affected population. Such assistance may range from providing specific but limited aid, such as assisting refugees with transport, temporary shelter, and food, to establishing semi-permanent settlement in camps and other locations. It

shortly thereafter. The first and immediate response is called emergency response. The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) state: ""The word disaster implies a sudden overwhelming and unforeseen event. At the household level, a disaster could result in a major illness, death, a substantial economic or social misfortune. At the community level, it could be a flood, a fire, a collapse of buildings in an earthquake, the destruction of livelihoods, an epidemic or displacement through conflict. When occurring at district or provincial level, a large number of people can be affected."" A

"Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team"
and reunited with their families. Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team A Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team or DMORT is a team of experts in the fields of victim identification and mortuary services. DMORTs are activated in response to large scale disasters in the United States to assist in the identification of deceased individuals and storage of the bodies pending the bodies being claimed. For organizational purposes, the country is divided into ten regions, each with a Regional Coordinator. For the duration of their service, DMORT members work under the local authorities of the disaster site and their professional licenses are

"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre"
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (originally titled Der Schatz der Sierra Madre) is a 1927 adventure novel by bilingual German author B. Traven, whose identity remains unknown., In the book, two destitute American men in Mexico of the 1920s join an older American prospector in a search for gold. John Huston adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name. The novel is set in the decade following the global upheavals of the First World War and social revolutions in Russia and Mexico. The United States has emerged as the dominant

"Montezuma's treasure"
Montezuma's treasure Montezuma's treasure is a legendary buried treasure said to be located in the Casa Grande ruins or elsewhere in the southwest United States and Mexico. The legend is one of many treasure stories in American folklore. Thomas Penfield wrote, ""There is not the slimmest thread of reality in this story which is common throughout Mexico and the southwestern United States. There are some puzzling aspects but the story, nevertheless, adds up to pure legend."" One story tells of the 1520 imprisonment of Montezuma by Spanish conquistadors. With the conquistadors demanding a ransom in gold, runners were dispatched to

imperialist power globally. European and US corporations are aggressively seeking foreign markets, natural resources and cheap labor. Elements within the Catholic Church are struggling to retain their authority as liberal Mexican administrations institute social reforms, including an 8-hour day, literacy programs and health care. This is the context of the story. The author employs a third person-omniscient in a dramatic-progressive structure, where Howard is the focal character. Three stories within a story provide historical and social significance for the outer narrative. The story opens in the oil boomtown of Tampico, Mexico in the early 1920s. Dobbs, an expatriate who hails

"Secret of the Andes"
Secret of the Andes Secret of the Andes is a children's novel by Ann Nolan Clark. It won the 1953 Newbery Medal. Cusi, a modern Inca boy, leaves his home high in the Andes mountains to learn the mysterious secret of his ancient ancestors. Accompanied by his pet llama, Misti, he slowly discovers the truth about his birth and his people's ancient glory. Now he must prove himself worthy to be entrusted with the fabulous secret from the past. ""Secret of the Andes"" is historical fiction. Some events were inspired by real events in history. In reality, the Inca King

"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)"
United States, where he will seek out Cody's widow in the peach orchards of Texas. Director John Huston first read the novel by B. Traven in 1935 and had always thought the material would make a great movie with his father in the main role. Based on a 19th-century ballad by a German poet, Traven's book reminded Huston of his own adventures in the Mexican cavalry. After a smashing success with his directorial debut, ""The Maltese Falcon"", Huston started to work on the project. The studio had George Raft, Edward G. Robinson and John Garfield in mind for the three

"Inca Gold"
Inca Gold Inca Gold is a novel written by Clive Cussler. First published in 1994, it is the twelfth book in Cussler's Dirk Pitt series. In 1532 a fleet of ships sails in secret to an island in the middle of an inland sea. There they hide a magnificent treasure more vast than that any Pharaoh would ever possess. Then they disappear, leaving only a great stone demon to guard their hoard. In 1578 the legendary Sir Francis Drake captures a Spanish galleon filled with Inca gold and silver and the key to the lost treasure, which includes a gigantic

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film) The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is a 1948 American dramatic adventurous neo-western written and directed by John Huston. It is an adaptation of B. Traven's 1927 novel of the same name, set in the 1920s, in which, driven by their desperate economic plight, two young men, Fred C. Dobbs (Humphrey Bogart) and Bob Curtin (Tim Holt), join old-timer Howard (Walter Huston, the director's father) in Mexico to prospect for gold. ""The Treasure of the Sierra Madre"" was one of the first Hollywood productions to be shot on location outside the United States

"Rain of Gold"
Rain of Gold Rain of Gold is Victor Villaseñor's 1991 book, a national bestseller, which tells the story of his own parents who were undocumented immigrants from Mexico. Two families escaping from the Mexican Revolution to the relative safety of the United States have parallel experiences centered on their mothers' strength. It is available in Spanish as ""Lluvia de Oro"". Espirito (a Mexican Indian) """"...followed a doe and her fawn in search for water"""" because the spring in his tribe's land had dried up. He eventually discovers a hidden spring. Some time after, a particularly harsh winter forced Espirito to

"Treasure of the Llanganatis"
Treasure of the Llanganatis The Treasure of the Llanganates refers to a huge amount of gold, silver, platinum and electrum artifacts, as well as other treasures, supposedly hidden deep within the Llanganates mountain range of Ecuador by the Inca general Rumiñahui. In 1532 Francisco Pizarro founded the town of San Miguel de Piura and began the conquest of the Inca Empire. Later in the same year, he captured the Inca king Atahualpa at Cajamarca. Atahualpa, seeing that the Spaniards cherished gold above all, promised to fill a room with gold and another equally large with silver in exchange for his

men in the distance approaching the encampment. They are not Mexican soldiers or police. Lacuad warns the miners that the horsemen are dangerous bandits, led by the notorious Gold Hat. Tipped off by locals, they are searching for the “hunter” (Curtin) to seize his guns and ammunition. Lacuad assures his companions that their lives are in imminent danger. As they anxiously watch the bandits slowly ascend the trail, Lacuad relates to them the story of Gold Hat, conveyed to him by a local nobleman, don Genaro Montereal, while visiting his estate the previous week. The prospectors take up positions in

"POST (HTTP)"
the query. As part of a POST request, an arbitrary amount of data of any type can be sent to the server in the body of the request message. A header field in the POST request usually indicates the message body's Internet media type. The World Wide Web and HTTP are based on a number of request methods or 'verbs', including POST and GET as well as PUT, DELETE, and several others. Web browsers normally use only GET and POST, but RESTful online apps make use of many of the others. POST's place in the range of HTTP methods is

POST (HTTP) In computing, POST is a request method supported by HTTP used by the World Wide Web. By design, the POST request method requests that a web server accepts the data enclosed in the body of the request message, most likely for storing it. It is often used when uploading a file or when submitting a completed web form. In contrast, the HTTP GET request method retrieves information from the server. As part of a GET request, some data can be passed within the URL's query string, specifying (for example) search terms, date ranges, or other information that defines

used even for idempotent requests, notably if the request is very long. Due to restrictions on URLs, the query string the GET method generates may become very long, especially due to percent-encoding. POST (HTTP) In computing, POST is a request method supported by HTTP used by the World Wide Web. By design, the POST request method requests that a web server accepts the data enclosed in the body of the request message, most likely for storing it. It is often used when uploading a file or when submitting a completed web form. In contrast, the HTTP GET request method retrieves

"HTTP referer"
HTTP referer The HTTP (originally a misspelling of referrer) is an optional HTTP header field that identifies the address of the webpage (i.e. the URI or IRI) that linked to the resource being requested. By checking the referrer, the new webpage can see where the request originated. In the most common situation this means that when a user clicks a hyperlink in a web browser, the browser sends a request to the server holding the destination webpage. The request may include the field, which indicates the last page the user was on (the one where they clicked the link). The

"Service Request Block"
Service Request Block A Service Request Block (SRB) is a data structure of MVS/370 and successor versions of IBM mainframe operating systems employed mainly, but not exclusively, by the Start Input/Output interface. An SRB may be considered, in the abstract, to be a highly optimized Task Control Block (TCB), one which has few, if any, associated resources other than access to the processor itself. All system resources which are utilized under an SRB must be accessed through the use of ""branch entries"", some of which are new entries to traditional system services which were formerly accessed exclusively using SVC instructions

and passwords, have to be submitted along with other data for the request to complete. Even if HTTPS is used, preventing the data from being intercepted in transit, the browser history and the web server's logs will likely contain the full URL in plaintext, which may be exposed if either system is hacked. In these cases, HTTP POST should be used. When a web browser sends a POST request from a web form element, the default Internet media type is ""application/x-www-form-urlencoded"". This is a format for encoding key-value pairs with possibly duplicate keys. Each key-value pair is separated by an

"Query string"
string will be available to that logic for use in its processing, along with the path component of the URL. Typical URL containing a query string is as follows: When a server receives a request for such a page, it may run a program, passing the query string, which in this case is, codice_1 unchanged, to the program. The question mark is used as a separator, and is not part of the query string. Web frameworks may provide methods for parsing multiple parameters in the query string, separated by some delimiter. In the example URL below, multiple query parameters are

as a query string to the URLs of all links the page contains. As soon as the user follows one of these links, the corresponding URL is requested to the server. This way, the download of this page is linked with the previous one. For example, when a web page containing the following is requested: a unique string, such as codice_43 is chosen, and the page is modified as follows: The addition of the query string does not change the way the page is shown to the user. When the user follows, for example, the first link, the browser requests

'&' character, and each key is separated from its value by an '=' character. Keys and values are both escaped by replacing spaces with the '+' character and then using URL encoding on all other non-alphanumeric characters. For example, the key-value pairs are encoded as Starting with HTML 4.0, forms can also submit data in multipart/form-data as defined in RFC 2388 (See also RFC 1867 for an earlier experimental version defined as an extension to HTML 2.0 and mentioned in HTML 3.2). The special case of a POST to the same page that the form belongs to is known as

"HTTP message body"
is the text ""Hello world!"". HTTP message body HTTP Message Body is the data bytes transmitted in an HTTP transaction message immediately following the headers if there are any (in the case of HTTP/0.9 no headers are transmitted). The request/response message consists of the following: The request/status line and headers must all end with <CR><LF> (that is, a carriage return followed by a line feed). The empty line must consist of only <CR><LF> and no other whitespace. The ""optional HTTP message body data"" is what this article defines. This could be a response from the web server: The message body

"Boundary (cricket)"
usually sees between 50 and 150 boundary fours. Sixes are less common, and usually fewer than 10 (and sometimes none) will be scored in the course of a match (especially a Test match). The record for most sixes in a Test match innings is 12, which was achieved by Pakistani all-rounder Wasim Akram during an innings of 257 not out against Zimbabwe in October 1996 at Sheikhupura. The One Day International record for most sixes hit in an innings is held by Rohit Sharma who hit 16 sixes against Australia in Bengaluru on 2 November 2013 in his innings of

One Day International is 38, which was achieved in a match between India and Australia at M Chinnaswamy Stadium on 2 November 2013. India and Australia hit 19 sixes each. The equivalent record in Twenty20 Internationals was set on the AMI Stadium, 24 sixes were hit during the Twenty20 International match between India and New Zealand on 25 February 2009. In 2012, during the First Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, West Indies cricketer Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test cricket match. On 31 August 1968, Garfield Sobers became the

"Run rate"
Run rate In cricket, the run rate (RR), or runs per over (RPO) is the average number of runs a batsman (or the batting side) scores in an over of 6 balls. It includes all runs, even the extras awarded due to errors by the bowler. Without extras and overthrows, the maximum run rate is 36 – if every ball were struck for six and, as such, this happens very rarely. During the 2007 Cricket World Cup match between The Netherlands and South Africa, South African batsman Herschelle Gibbs hit every ball in one over for six. The bowler was

"West Indian Test match records"
West Indian Test match records This page outlines key records relating to the West Indies cricket team. Highest Test innings total Home 790–3 declared vs. Pakistan Kingston, 1957–58 Away 692–8 declared vs. England The Oval, 1995 Lowest Test Innings total Home 47 vs. England Kingston, 2003–04 Away 53 vs. Pakistan Faisalabad, 1986–87 Highest individual Test innings Home 400* Brian Lara vs. England St. John's, 2003–04 Away 291 Viv Richards vs. England The Oval, 1976 Highest Wicket Stands Best bowling in an innings Home 9–95, Jack Noreiga, vs. India, Port of Spain, 1970–71 Away 8–92 Michael Holding, vs. England, The Oval,

209 off 158 balls. Brendon McCullum currently holds the record for most sixes in a Test career with 107. Shahid Afridi holds the record for most sixes in an ODI career (351 in 398 matches, 369 innings, on his retirement). The record for the most sixes in a Test match is 27, which occurred during a 2006 Test match between Pakistan and India at the Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad. In their first innings, Pakistan hit eleven sixes. India hit nine in their first innings. Pakistan hit seven more sixes in their second innings. The record for most sixes in a

"Herschelle Gibbs"
Herschelle Gibbs Herschelle Herman Gibbs (born 23 February 1974) is a former South African cricketer, who played all formats of the game for fourteen years. A right-handed batsman, mostly opened the batting, Gibbs became the first player to hit six consecutive sixes in one over in One Day International cricket, doing so against the Netherlands in the 2007 Cricket World Cup. At point, he was considered by some to be the next Jonty Rhodes in his ability to hit the stumps, with Ricky Ponting noting that Gibbs is better than Rhodes in that regard, with a report prepared by Cricinfo

"Sid Barnes"
self-administered, the coroner could not ""determine intent"". Only six players with ten or more completed innings have achieved an end of career average in excess of 60. Barnes's 63.05 in 19 innings ranks him as number three in the history of Test cricket, behind Sir Donald Bradman (99.94, 80 innings) and Stewie Dempster (65.72, 15 innings). Barnes's short career was dominated by his monumental double hundred, but he was a consistent performer, as the chart (left) reveals. Age did not seem to diminish his abilities; in his last eight Test innings, aged 31–32, he passed 50 five times and scored

first man to hit six sixes off a single six-ball over in first-class cricket. The over was bowled by Malcolm Nash in Nottinghamshire's first innings against Glamorgan at St Helen's in Swansea. Nash was a seam bowler but decided to try his arm at spin bowling. This achievement was caught on film. On 16 March 2007, in a match between South Africa and the Netherlands at the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Herschelle Gibbs became the first person to hit six sixes off an over in a One Day International match. The over was bowled by Dutch leg-spinner Daan van Bunge.

"History of the Internet"
can be gathered from the quote: History of the Internet The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the

targeted to enterprise use rather than the general email system of the ARPANET. The first public dial-in networks used asynchronous TTY terminal protocols to reach a concentrator operated in the public network. Some networks, such as CompuServe, used X.25 to multiplex the terminal sessions into their packet-switched backbones, while others, such as Tymnet, used proprietary protocols. In 1979, CompuServe became the first service to offer electronic mail capabilities and technical support to personal computer users. The company broke new ground again in 1980 as the first to offer real-time chat with its CB Simulator. Other major dial-in networks were America

History of the Internet The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research

commercial dialup ISP in the United States was The World, which opened in 1989. In 1992, the U.S. Congress passed the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act, , which allowed NSF to support access by the research and education communities to computer networks which were not used exclusively for research and education purposes, thus permitting NSFNET to interconnect with commercial networks. This caused controversy within the research and education community, who were concerned commercial use of the network might lead to an Internet that was less responsive to their needs, and within the community of commercial network providers, who felt that government

in 1988, and eventually the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1991 with Web directories and Web search engines. In 1999, Napster became the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. Napster used a central server for indexing and peer discovery, but the storage and transfer of files was decentralized. A variety of peer-to-peer file sharing programs and services with different levels of decentralization and anonymity followed, including: Gnutella, eDonkey2000, and Freenet in 2000, FastTrack, Kazaa, Limewire, and BitTorrent in 2001, and Poisoned in 2003. All of these tools are general purpose and can be used to share a wide variety of content,

point-to-point communication model was limited, as it did not allow for direct communication between any two arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary. The technology was also considered unsafe for strategic and military use because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack. With limited exceptions, the earliest computers were connected directly to terminals used by individual users, typically in the same building or site. Such networks became known as local area networks (LANs). Networking beyond this scope, known as wide area networks (WANs), emerged during the 1950s and became established during the 1960s.

basis for the SERCnet network between British academic and research sites, which later became JANET. The initial ITU Standard on X.25 was approved in March 1976. The British Post Office, Western Union International and Tymnet collaborated to create the first international packet switched network, referred to as the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS), in 1978. This network grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong, and Australia by 1981. By the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure. Unlike ARPANET, X.25 was commonly available for business use. Telenet offered its Telemail electronic mail service, which was also

1970s and became the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET, incorporating concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin. In the early 1980s the NSF funded the establishment for national supercomputing centers at several universities, and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also created network access to the supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by officially commercial entities emerged in several American cities

NCP on the ARPANET was replaced by the more flexible and powerful family of TCP/IP protocols, marking the start of the modern Internet. International collaborations on ARPANET were sparse. For various political reasons, European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks. Notable exceptions were the ""Norwegian Seismic Array"" (NORSAR) in 1972, followed in 1973 by Sweden with satellite links to the Tanum Earth Station and Peter Kirstein's research group in the UK, initially at the Institute of Computer Science, London University and later at University College London. The Merit Network was formed in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research

Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development. With initial support from the State of Michigan and the National Science Foundation (NSF), the packet-switched network was first demonstrated in December 1971 when an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit. In October 1972 connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing completed the triad. Over the next several years in addition

"Jim Donelon"
received the prestigious Legion of Merit medal. Jim Donelon James Joseph Donelon, III (born December 14, 1944), known as Jim Donelon, has been since February 15, 2006, the Republican insurance commissioner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. After initially succeeding to the office, Donelon won a full-term as commissioner in the October 20, 2007 nonpartisan blanket primary. He finished with 606,534 votes (51 percent) and defeated three opponents, the closest of whom, Democrat Jim Crowley, polled 423,722 (36 percent). Two other Republican candidates garnered the remaining 13 percent of the ballots cast. Donelon was first elected to complete a 15-month

"Commissioner of deeds"
oath to well and faithfully perform the duties of office under the laws of this state. The oath shall be: (1) taken before the clerk of a court of record in the city, county, or country in which the commissioner resides; (2) certified to by the clerk under the clerk's hand and seal of office; and (3) filed in the office of the secretary of state of this state. A commissioner of deeds shall provide a seal with a star of five points in the center and the words ""Commissioner of the State of Texas"" engraved on the seal. The

"Texas Department of Insurance"
Texas Department of Insurance The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) regulates insurers and other companies that conduct insurance business in Texas, and assists Texas-based insurance consumers. TDI was founded in 1876 as the Department of Insurance, Statistics and History. The agency is headquartered at the William P. Hobby State Office Building at 333 Guadalupe Street in Austin, Texas, United States. The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) Fraud Unit is the state law enforcement agency responsible for enforcing laws relating to fraudulent insurance acts In the United States, insurance fraud is the second most costly white-collar crime next to tax evasion.

"Constitution of Texas"
and the Comptroller is required to reject and return to the Legislature any appropriation in violation of this requirement. Section 49-g created the state's ""Rainy Day Fund"" (technically called the Economic Stabilization Fund). Article 4 describes the powers and duties of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Commissioner of the General Land Office, and Attorney General. With the exception of the Secretary of State the above officials are directly elected in what is known as a ""plural executive"" system. (Although the Texas Agriculture Commissioner is also directly elected, that is the result of Legislative action, not a Constitutional

"Texas Department of Agriculture"
two years before a statewide amendment in 1974 extended it to four years). John C. White is the longest-serving Agriculture Commissioner in Texas history, with 26 years of service (1951-1977): having been elected in 1950 and reelected in 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1972 and again in 1974. The department is headquartered on the 11th floor of the Stephen F. Austin State Office Building at 1700 North Congress Avenue in Austin. The mission statement of the Texas Department of Agriculture is: ""Partner with all Texans to make Texas the nation's leader in agriculture, fortify our

"Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts"
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. As with nearly every other executive branch head in Texas, the Comptroller is popularly elected every four years concurrently with the governor and the other elected executive branch positions (elections take place in even number years not divisible by four; e.g., 2006, 2010, and so on). The current Comptroller is Glenn Hegar, who took office on January 2, 2015. The predecessor to the current Comptroller's office started in 1846. The longest-serving Comptrollers in Texas history were Robert S. Calvert,

to reject and return to the legislature any appropriation in violation of this requirement. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. As with nearly every other executive branch head in Texas, the Comptroller is popularly elected every four years concurrently with the governor and the other elected executive branch positions (elections take place in even number years not divisible by four; e.g., 2006, 2010, and so on). The current Comptroller is Glenn Hegar, who took office on January 2, 2015. The predecessor to the current Comptroller's

reports on fiscal management and economic forecasts, and manages the unclaimed property fund. As part of its fiscal management responsibilities, Article III, Section 49a of the Texas Constitution requires the Comptroller to certify to the Texas Legislature the amount of available cash on hand and anticipated revenues for the next biennium (the two-year period beginning on September 1 of odd-numbered years). The Legislature is not permitted to appropriate any funds in excess of the Comptroller's certified amounts (except in cases of emergency and then only with a four-fifths vote of both chambers), and absent the latter the Comptroller is required

"Secretary of State of Texas"
of the United States in 1845 and there have been 109 Secretaries of State. Secretary of State of Texas The Texas Secretary of State is one of the six members of the executive department of the state of Texas, in the United States. Under the Texas Constitution, the appointment is made by the Governor, with confirmation by the Texas Senate. Rolando Pablos is the 111th person to hold the office. He was appointed by Greg Abbott, and sworn in on January 6, 2017. Pablos has announced his resignation, effective December 15, 2018. The Secretary of State is the chief elections

"Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner"
five years prior to their election, and have had at least five years' experience in the insurance industry in administration, sales, servicing or regulation. The Insurance Commissioner is forbidden from being financially interested, directly or indirectly, in any insurer, agency or insurance transaction except as a policyholder or claimant under a policy. The Insurance Commissioner serves a four-year term that runs concurrent with that of the Governor. As the chief executive officer of the Insurance Department, the Insurance Commissioner is responsible for enforcing the provisions of the Oklahoma Insurance Code. As such, the Insurance Commissioner may adopt reasonable rules and

"History of the Royal Australian Navy"
History of the Royal Australian Navy The history of the Royal Australian Navy traces the development of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from the colonisation of Australia by the British in 1788. Until 1859, vessels of the Royal Navy made frequent trips to the new colonies. In 1859, the Australia Squadron was formed as a separate squadron and remained in Australia until 1913. Until Federation, five of the six Australian colonies operated their own colonial naval force, which formed on 1 March 1901 the Australian Navy's (AN) Commonwealth Naval Force which received Royal patronage in July 1911 and was from

"First Fleet"
later discovered to have been shipwrecked off the coast of Vanikoro in the present-day Solomon Islands. On 26 January 1788, the Fleet weighed anchor and sailed to Port Jackson. The site selected for the anchorage had deep water close to the shore, was sheltered, and had a small stream flowing into it. Phillip named it Sydney Cove, after Lord Sydney the British Home Secretary. This date is celebrated as Australia Day, marking the beginning of British settlement. The British flag was planted and formal possession taken. This was done by Phillip and some officers and marines from the ""Supply"", with

New Zealand, and Australian) in Malaya for the protection of that nation from communist threats. Australia's commitment included two destroyers or frigates on station at any time, plus an annual visit by an aircraft carrier, and additional ships as needed. Training for the potentiality of war was the main occurrence for ships deployed to the Strategic Reserve, with RAN personnel gaining experience in working as part of a larger naval organisation. The first ships of the RAN to arrive in the area were the destroyers ""Warramunga"" and in June 1955. Between 1955 and 1960, eleven other ships of the RAN

the Admiralty prior to the Fleet's departure. However, this ""flying squadron"" reached Botany Bay only hours before the rest of the Fleet, so no preparatory work was possible. ""Supply"" reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788; the three fastest transports in the advance group arrived on 19 January; slower ships, including ""Sirius"", arrived on 20 January. This was one of the world's greatest sea voyages – eleven vessels carrying about 1,487 people and stores had travelled for 252 days for more than 15,000 miles (24,000 km) without losing a ship. Forty-eight people died on the journey, a death rate of

and . On 29 June 1940, another Italian submarine, the , was sunk west of Crete by the same ships. On 7 July 1940, a 25-ship fleet departed Alexandria, intending to meet a convoy east of Malta. The next day, a submarine sighted an Italian fleet away; the Allied fleet altered course to intercept. The two fleets sighted each other at 15.00 on 9 July 1940, and a battle that became known as the Battle of Calabria began. Four vessels of the RAN took part in the battle; HMA Ships ""Sydney"", , , and ""Voyager"". ""Sydney"" was the first RAN

to make regulations and land grants in the colony. The ships arrived at Botany Bay between 18 January and 20 January 1788; HMS ""Supply"" arrived on 18 January, ""Alexander"", ""Scarborough"" and ""Friendship"" arrived on 19 January, and the remaining ships on 20 January. The cost to Britain of outfitting and despatching the Fleet was £84,000 (about £9.6 million as of 2015). The First Fleet included two Royal Navy escort ships, the ten-gun sixth-rate vessel under the command of Captain John Hunter, and the armed tender commanded by Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball. Ropes, crockery, agricultural equipment and a miscellany of other

armed compared to newer ships. The five destroyers—the entirety of the RAN's destroyer force—departed Australia in November 1939 destined for Singapore where they carried out anti-submarine exercises with the Royal Navy submarine . On 13 November 1939, the flotilla left Singapore for the Mediterranean Sea, following a request from the Admiralty for assistance. The Australian destroyer flotilla took part in multiple actions while in the Mediterranean, including the Allied evacuation following the battle of Greece in April 1941, though the flotilla came to fame in the mission to resupply the besieged city of Tobruk. The resupply routes from Alexandria and

can carry over 1,000 troops, and will potentially be able to operate fixed wing aircraft. The project is expected to cost between A$1.5 and A$2 billion, and be completed by around 2014. The new ships will be named ""Canberra"" and ""Adelaide"". History of the Royal Australian Navy The history of the Royal Australian Navy traces the development of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from the colonisation of Australia by the British in 1788. Until 1859, vessels of the Royal Navy made frequent trips to the new colonies. In 1859, the Australia Squadron was formed as a separate squadron and remained

Battle of the Mediterranean against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. In September 1939, the Admiralty and the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board agreed to deploy the RAN Destroyer Flotilla outside the Australia Station; the five ships of what was to become known as the Scrap Iron Flotilla arrived at Malta in mid-December. HMAS ""Sydney"" deployed in May 1940 and was later joined by ""Hobart"". When Italy declared war on 10 June 1940, the Australian warships made up five of the twenty-two Allied destroyers and one of the five modern light cruisers on station in the Mediterranean. The RAN then offered the

"Royal Australian Navy"
1913, while the Admiralty committed itself to keeping the Squadron at a constant strength. The Australian Squadron ceased on 4 October 1913, when RAN ships entered Sydney Harbour for the first time. The Royal Navy continued to provide blue-water defence capability in the Pacific up to the early years of World War II. Then, rapid wartime expansion saw the acquisition of large surface vessels and the building of many smaller warships. In the decade following the war, the RAN acquired a small number of aircraft carriers, the last of which was decommissioned in 1982. Today, the RAN consists of 48

"Jai Ho (song)"
parts of Ester Dean's version, and parts of another version, and they put them together, and then Nicole [Scherzinger] and Ron [Fair] filled in the blanks that they thought were missing"". Bogart additionally stated that it was ""a very unique and awkward way of writing a song"". Bogart, Dean, Fair, Erika Nuri, David Quiñones, Scherzinger, Candace Thorbourne, Nailah Thorbourne and Nyanda Thorbourne are credited for writing the track, while its production was handled by Fair Scherzinger. The song was recorded in London, while Scherzinger and Rahman corresponded via webcam. Music critics responded generally favorably to ""Jai Ho (You Are My

Wha-Koo
Wha-Koo Wha-Koo was an American rock band best known for their 1978 single, ""(You're Such a) Fabulous Dancer"", which peaked at #101 on the ""Billboard"" and #10 on the Australian charts. Wha-Koo were a Los Angeles, California-based soft rock ensemble formed in 1977 under the leadership of singer, songwriter and guitarist Danny Douma. Douma assembled an entourage of veteran musicians that included David Palmer, who had sung lead vocals on two tracks of Steely Dan's debut album ""Can't Buy a Thrill"", Nick Van Maarth, from Buddy Holly's backup band, The Crickets, Don Francisco, formerly of Crowfoot and Atlee and British

by Peter Gabriel and ""O... Saya"", also of ""Slumdog Millionaire,"" by A. R. Rahman and M.I.A. ""Jai Ho"" also received a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture during the 52nd Grammy Awards on 31 February 2010. The song received a nomination from the Broadcast Film Critics Association for Best Song during its 2008 award ceremony on 8 January 2009. The Houston Film Critics Society nominated it for Best Original Song during its 2008 awards ceremony on 17 December 2008. It was also nominated by the MTV Movie Awards for Best Song From a Movie during its

"Dance Off"
Dance Off ""Dance Off"" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring British actor and musician Idris Elba and American recording artist Anderson .Paak from their second studio album ""This Unruly Mess I've Made"" (2016). The song was officially released on February 25, 2016 as the second single only in Australia, New Zealand and selected countries of Europe. The song was not released in the United States. Following the large success of the duo's debut album ""The Heist"" (2012), Macklemore revealed on January 15, 2016 with an Instagram post the ""This Unruly Mess I've Made""

Jai Ho (song) ""Jai Ho"" is a song composed by A. R. Rahman for the 2008 film, ""Slumdog Millionaire"". When Danny Boyle, the director of ""Slumdog Millionaire"", approached Rahman to compose its soundtrack, he included the song. ""Jai Ho"" accompanies a choreographed dance sequence at the end credits of ""Slumdog Millionaire"". The song features vocals from Sukhvinder Singh, Mahalaxmi Iyer and Vijay Prakash in Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi. Indian singer Tanvi Shah wrote and provided vocals for an English section of the song. ""Jai Ho"" is a Hindi phrase which can be roughly translated as ""Let [the] victory prevail"", ""Let

film ""Slumdog Millionaire"". Love and destiny were elements from the movie that she put into the track"". She stated that she ""prayed every night to do this right"". Fair and Iovine additionally hired Brick & Lace, The Writing Camp and Ester Dean to write their own interpretation of the song. E. Kidd Bogart, a member of The Writing Camp, stated that: ""They [Fair and Iovine] wanted to get a bunch of different versions to see who could nail a version for the Pussycat Dolls"". Once all interpretations were complete, ""they [Fair and Iovine] took parts of The Writing Camp version,

"Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)"
Once all interpretations were complete, ""they [Fair and Iovine] took parts of The Writing Camp version, parts of Ester Dean's version, and parts of another version, and they put them together, and then Nicole [Scherzinger] and Ron [Fair] filled in the blanks that they thought were missing"". Bogart additionally stated that it was ""a very unique and awkward way of writing a song"". Scherzinger, Fair, Dean, Bogart, Erika Nuri, David Quiñones, Candace Thorbourne, Nailah Thorbourne and Nyanda Thorbourne are credited for writing the track, while its production was handled by Fair and Scherzinger. The song was recorded in London, while

Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny) ""Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)"" is a song performed by American girl group The Pussycat Dolls for their second studio album ""Doll Domination"" (2008). It was released on February 23, 2009, by Interscope Records as the fourth single from the record. After watching ""Slumdog Millionaire"" record executives Jimmy Iovine and Ron Fair wanted to turn ""Jai Ho"" into a ""pop record without deviating from the original melody"" and asked Scherzinger to do her own interpretation of the song. The song was credited as """"A. R. Rahman and The Pussycat Dolls featuring Nicole Scherzinger"""".

Singh, who performed on the original song. A video was also shot for this version. Rahman refused to comment on ""Jai Ho"" being used for the campaigns, but stated that the song ""belongs to everyone"". ""Jai Ho"" was performed by Ravi K Tripathi, a Lucknow-based singer, at the closing ceremony of 16th Asian Games on 27 November 2010. American girl group the Pussycat Dolls recorded an English interpretation of ""Jai Ho"". Entitled ""Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)"", and credited to ""A. R. Rahman and the Pussycat Dolls featuring Nicole Scherzinger"", the song appeared on the re-release of the group's

"Dance to This"
Dance to This ""Dance to This"" is a song by Australian singer Troye Sivan, featuring guest vocals by American singer Ariana Grande. Written by Sivan, Leland, Noonie Bao and its producer Oscar Holter, it was released by EMI Music Australia on 13 June 2018, as the fourth single from Sivan's second studio album, ""Bloom"" (2018). Sivan first revealed the song during an interview with Nick Grimshaw on BBC Radio 1 in February. ""This was not a planned announcement, but I'm so excited. It sounds exactly like I dreamt it would. [Grande] and I are friends. She's really fun. I said

"Fred Ott's Sneeze"
Fred Ott's Sneeze Fred Ott's Sneeze (also known as Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze) is an 1894 short, black-and-white, silent film shot by William K.L. Dickson and featuring Fred Ott. It is the oldest surviving copyrighted motion picture. In the five-second film one of Thomas Edison's assistants, Fred Ott, takes a pinch of snuff and sneezes. According to the Library of Congress, the film was ""made for publicity purposes, as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in ""Harper's Weekly""."" In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film

"Fred Ott"
Fred Ott Frederick P. Ott (1860; New Jersey – October 24, 1936; West Orange, New Jersey) was an employee of Thomas Edison's laboratory in the 1890s. His likeness appears in two of the earliest surviving motion pictures – ""Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze"" (a.k.a. ""Fred Ott's Sneeze"") and ""Fred Ott Holding a Bird"" – both from 1894. In the former film, Ott takes a pinch of snuff, which causes him to sneeze. Ott began working with Edison in 1874 and joined him on a long-term basis in 1893 at a research facility in Manhattan where Ott and Edison worked

Registry, finding it ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" The film was produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company, which had begun making films in 1890 under the direction of Dickson, one of the earliest film pioneers. It was filmed within the Black Maria studio at West Orange, New Jersey, which was the first U.S. movie studio. It was filmed between January 2, 1894 and January 7, 1894 and was displayed, at the time, through the means of a Kinetoscope. As a film produced prior to 1923, its copyright has now expired and the work is in the public domain. Originally, the

film was submitted to the Library of Congress as a ""paper print"" (a photographic record of each frame of the film) for copyright purposes. A digital copy is now kept by the Library of Congress and can be viewed on their American Memory website. This short film was featured at The 30th Annual Academy Awards, and was included as part of the TV documentary, ""The First 100 Years: A Celebration of American Movies"". Fred Ott's Sneeze Fred Ott's Sneeze (also known as Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze) is an 1894 short, black-and-white, silent film shot by William K.L. Dickson

"Fred Ott"
on the creation of an electric street light. He worked with Edison on his most notable inventions, retiring shortly after Edison's death in 1931. Ott died at his home in West Orange, New Jersey on October 24, 1936. Fred Ott Frederick P. Ott (1860; New Jersey – October 24, 1936; West Orange, New Jersey) was an employee of Thomas Edison's laboratory in the 1890s. His likeness appears in two of the earliest surviving motion pictures – ""Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze"" (a.k.a. ""Fred Ott's Sneeze"") and ""Fred Ott Holding a Bird"" – both from 1894. In the former film,

"Herman A. DeVry"
Herman A. DeVry Herman A. DeVry (November 26, 1876 – March 23, 1941) was an American inventor, aviator, and colleague of Lee De Forest. DeVry is credited with creating the first portable motion picture projector, which he called a ""Theatre in a Suitcase"". He was the founder of the DeVry Company. DeVry was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, and immigrated to the United States in 1886, when Herman was 10 years old. His father worked as a common laborer, but DeVry wanted to do more with his life. He became interested in photography and film at an early age, an obsession

"Little Sammy Sneeze"
those of Ott. McCay was concerned with depicting the seldom-perceived minutiae of movement, though his was not the scientific curiosity found in the chronophotography of Eadweard Muybridge, Étienne-Jules Marey, and Georges Demenÿ. McCay emphasizes the lack of order and irrational unpredictability of the human body. McCay's concern was to culminate in his pioneering animated films such as ""Gertie the Dinosaur"" (1914). Comic strips as early as A.B. Frost's incorporated the repetition of backgrounds inspired by chronophotography, and by the time of ""Sammy Sneeze"" had become a standard comic-strip trope—one comics historian Thierry Smolderen suggests McCay may have deliberately parodied. Though

"Cecil B. DeMille"
Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881 – January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker. Between 1914 and 1958, he made a total of 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the cinema of the United States and the most commercially successful producer-director in film history. His films were distinguished by their epic scale and by his cinematic showmanship. He made silent films of every genre: social dramas, comedies, Westerns, farces, morality plays, and historical pageants. DeMille began his career as a stage actor in 1900. He later moved

Smell-O-Vision
studios with his invention. Todd Sr. had staged a series of musical films at the 1939 World's Fair and met Laube during this time. Fifteen years later, Todd and his son were thinking of ways they could enhance their film ""Around the World in Eighty Days"". They remembered Laube's invention and although they decided not to use it for this film, Todd Jr., after his father's death, was intrigued enough to sign Laube to a movie deal. Laube's system, for which he had been issued a U.S. patent and which was renamed ""Smell-O-Vision"" by Todd, had been improved in the

"Robert Altman"
Robert Altman Robert Bernard Altman (; February 20, 1925 – November 20, 2006) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. A five-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director and an enduring figure from the New Hollywood era, Altman was considered a ""maverick"" in making films with a highly naturalistic but stylized and satirical aesthetic, unlike most Hollywood films. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in American cinema. His style of filmmaking was unique among directors, in that his subjects covered most genres, but with a ""subversive"" twist that typically relies

"History of Coimbatore"
mills had been established around Coimbatore due to the cheap power offered by the Pykara power station. History of Coimbatore Coimbatore is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre and an industrial hub of Tamil Nadu and is known as the Manchester of South India. The region was called Kongunadu and was ruled by semi-independent chieftains who owed nominal allegiance to the Chera kingdom. Large quantities of Roman coins and other artifacts discovered in the region attest to the presence of Roman traders. The Coimbatore region is in the middle

History of Coimbatore Coimbatore is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre and an industrial hub of Tamil Nadu and is known as the Manchester of South India. The region was called Kongunadu and was ruled by semi-independent chieftains who owed nominal allegiance to the Chera kingdom. Large quantities of Roman coins and other artifacts discovered in the region attest to the presence of Roman traders. The Coimbatore region is in the middle of the ""Roman trail"" that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu. At the end of the Sangam period,

Kannauj
Kannauj Kannauj (formerly Cannodge), is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is a modern form of the classical name Kanyakubja (The city of the hunchbacked maidens). It was also known as Mahodaya during the time of Mihira Bhoja. Kannauj is an ancient city, in earlier times the capital of the Empire of Harsha under Emperor Harsha. It is said that Kanyakubja Brahmins of whom Shandilya (of whom Rishi Bharadwaj was one of the disciples) is held to have constituted one of

Meerut
Chandi Devi Temple which was built by Holkar queen Devi Ahiliyabai Holkar. Meerut Meerut (, IAST: ""Meraṭha""), is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilisation having been found in and around the area. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and northwest of the state capital Lucknow. As of 2011, Meerut is the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 26th most populous city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and is projected to rank 242 in 2020 in the

Meerut
Meerut Meerut (, IAST: ""Meraṭha""), is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilisation having been found in and around the area. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and northwest of the state capital Lucknow. As of 2011, Meerut is the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 26th most populous city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and is projected to rank 242 in 2020 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The municipal

Manchester
Manchester Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 545,500 as of 2017. It lies within the United Kingdom's third-most populous metropolitan area, with a population of 3.2 million. It is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of ""Mamucium"" or ""Mancunium"", which was established in about AD 79 on

"North India"
in Patiala, Punjab on 23 March 1985. It differs from the North Zonal Council in its inclusion of Uttarakhand and the omission of Delhi. In contrast, the Geological Survey of India (part of the Ministry of Mines) included Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in its ""Northern Region"", but excluded Rajasthan and Chandigarh, with a regional headquarters in Lucknow. The Hindu newspaper puts Bihar, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh related articles on its ""North"" pages. Articles in the Indian press have included the states of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal in North India as well. The Tropic of Cancer, which divides

Allahabad
to the royal court in 1604. In 1833 it became the seat of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces region before its capital was moved to Agra in 1835. Allahabad became the capital of the North-Western Provinces in 1858 and was the capital of India for a day. The city was the capital of the United Provinces from 1902 to 1920 and remained at the forefront of national importance during the struggle for Indian independence. Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city's metropolitan area covers 70.5 km(27.22 sq miles). Although the city and its surrounding area are governed by several municipalities,

output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the world's first inter-city passenger railway station; scientists first split the atom, developed the stored-program computer and produced graphene in the city. Manchester hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The name Manchester originates from the Latin name ""Mamucium"" or its variant ""Mancunium"" and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians (). These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, either from ""mamm-"" (""breast"", in reference to a ""breast-like hill"") or from ""mamma"" (""mother"", in reference to a local river goddess). Both

of Liverpool and north-west of Sheffield, making the city the halfway point between the two. The city centre is on the east bank of the River Irwell, near its confluences with the Rivers Medlock and Irk, and is relatively low-lying, being between above sea level. The River Mersey flows through the south of Manchester. Much of the inner city, especially in the south, is flat, offering extensive views from many highrise buildings in the city of the foothills and moors of the Pennines, which can often be capped with snow in the winter months. Manchester's geographic features were highly influential

Nintendo
introduced an early iteration of Mario, then known in Japan as Jumpman, the eventual company mascot. In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi conceived the idea of a handheld video game, while observing a fellow bullet train commuter who passed the time by interacting idly with a portable LCD calculator, which gave birth to ""Game & Watch"". In 1980, Nintendo launched ""Game & Watch""—a handheld video game series developed by Yokoi. These systems do not contain interchangeable cartridges and thus the hardware was tied to the game. The first Game & Watch game, ""Ball"", was distributed worldwide. The modern ""cross"" D-pad design was

"History of Nintendo"
success at this, Nintendo began developing its own video games, both for home and for arcades. In the 1970s, Mitsubishi Electric proposed joint development of ""Color TV Game Machine"". In 1977, they released ""Color TV Game 6"" and ""Color TV Game 15"" (6 and 15 indicates the number of games). Their first video arcade game was 1975's ""EVR Race""; a handful of others followed in the next several years, ""Radar Scope"" and ""Donkey Kong"" being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles.

Nintendo
of Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognisable figures in the video game industry. In 1975, Nintendo moved into the video arcade game industry with ""EVR Race"", designed by their first game designer, Genyo Takeda, and several more games followed. Nintendo had some small success with this venture, but the release of ""Donkey Kong"" in 1981, designed by Miyamoto, changed Nintendo's fortunes dramatically. The success of the game and many licensing opportunities (such as ports on the Atari 2600, Intellivision and ColecoVision) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit and in addition, the game also

Watch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock and/or an alarm. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success, with 43.4 million units sold worldwide. In 1982, Nintendo developed a prototype system dubbed the ""Advanced Video System"" (or AVS for short) and had controllers much like the NES. There were accessories such as a tape drive, a joystick and a lightgun, and along

"Nintendo Entertainment System"
the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time. The code name for the project was ""GameCom"", but Masayuki Uemura's wife proposed the name ""Famicom"", arguing that ""In Japan,

Nintendo
released in 1996, featuring 3D polygon model rendering capabilities and built-in multiplayer for up to four players. The system's controller introduced the analogue stick and later introduced the Rumble Pak, an accessory for the controller that produces force feedback with compatible games. Both are the first such features to have come to market for home console gaming and eventually became the ""de facto"" industry standard. Announced in 1995, prior to the console's 1996 launch, the 64DD (""DD"" standing for ""Disk Drive"") was designed to enable the development of new genre of video games by way of 64 MB writable magnetic

"First generation of video game consoles"
various parts responsible for gameplay (ball and players generators, sync generators, diode matrix, etc.) are binary. The type of digital components used feature DTL, a common pre-TTL digital design component using discrete transistors and diodes. This was also the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the ""International Journal of Computer Game Research"": ""in 1971, Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar

the Nintendo Beam Gun, in 1970; this was the first commercially available light-gun for home use, produced in partnership with Sharp. In 1972, Nintendo released the Ele-Conga, one of the first programmable drum machines. It could play pre-programmed rhythms from disc-shaped punch cards, which could be altered or programmed by the user, to play different patterns. In 1972, the first commercially available video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, had a light gun accessory, the Shooting Gallery. This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the ""International Journal of Computer Game Research"": ""in 1971,

in 1954. Perhaps the first game created solely for entertainment rather than to demonstrate the power of some technology, train personnel, or aid in research was ""Tennis for Two"", designed by William Higinbotham and built by Robert Dvorak at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1958. Designed to entertain the general public at Brookhaven's annual series of open houses, the game was deployed on an analog computer with graphics displayed on an oscilloscope and was dismantled in 1959. Higinbotham never considered adapting the successful game into a commercial product, which would have been impractical with the technology of the time. Ultimately,

Nintendo
developed in 1982, by Yokoi for a ""Donkey Kong"" version. Proven to be popular, the design was patented by Nintendo. It later earned a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award. In 1983, Nintendo launched the Family Computer (colloquialised as ""Famicom"") home video game console in Japan, alongside ports of its most popular arcade games. In 1985, a cosmetically reworked version of the system known outside Japan as the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES, launched in North America. The practice of bundling the system along with select games helped to make ""Super Mario Bros."" one of the best-selling video games in history.

"America's Song"
Lincoln Memorial. Seal travelled to D.C. from Cannes to record his part on January 17–18. America's Song ""America's Song"" is a patriotic song written by will.i.am, David Foster and George Pajon, Jr. The song is performed by will.i.am, Seal, Bono, Mary J. Blige, and Faith Hill, with David Foster appearing on piano. The song's live debut, at the Kennedy Center, was broadcast live on a special edition of ""The Oprah Winfrey Show"" aired on January 19, 2009, in honor of the next day's inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States. The songwriting collaboration is a first between

America's Song ""America's Song"" is a patriotic song written by will.i.am, David Foster and George Pajon, Jr. The song is performed by will.i.am, Seal, Bono, Mary J. Blige, and Faith Hill, with David Foster appearing on piano. The song's live debut, at the Kennedy Center, was broadcast live on a special edition of ""The Oprah Winfrey Show"" aired on January 19, 2009, in honor of the next day's inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States. The songwriting collaboration is a first between Foster and will.i.am. Regarding his intentions for the song, will.i.am said to Oprah Winfrey on

"America (Neil Diamond song)"
near Atlanta, Georgia. The song has been used in a number of contexts, including as a theme song for Michael Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign and in promotion of the 1996 Olympics. Diamond also sang it at the centennial re-dedication of the Statue of Liberty. Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, Diamond modified the lyrics to ""America"" slightly during live performances. Instead of ""They're comin' to America,"" towards the end, it became ""Stand up for America."" Despite the song's patriotic message, it was included on a memorandum listing songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel Communications following the September 11 attacks.

two new arrangements, one for the 2003 Rose Bowl and the other for the opening game of the 2007 World Series. Beyoncé Knowles performed the anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004 at Reliant Stadium, in Houston in February 1, 2004. The song entered the U.S. Hot Digital Tracks chart at No. 37. R. Kelly performed the anthem with a soul arrangement at the 2005 boxing match Bernard Hopkins vs. Jermain Taylor. The performance caused some controversy, as it was accompanied by step dancers and he told the audience to ""clap your hands, y'all"" (like in a concert) during the

"Union territory"
known as the National Capital Region (NCR). Delhi and Puducherry have an elected legislative assembly and an executive council of ministers with partially state-like function. The seven union territories are: Due to existence of union territories, many critics have resolved India into a semi-federal nation, as the central and state governments each have their own domains and territories of legislation. Union territories of India have special rights and status due to their constitutional formation and development. The status of ""union territory"" may be assigned to an Indian sub-jurisdiction for reasons such as safeguarding the rights of indigenous cultures, averting political

India. The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a union territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, the President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant-governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana. Delhi and Puducherry (Pondicherry) operate somewhat differently from the other five. Delhi and Puducherry were given partial statehood and Delhi was redefined as the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) and incorporated into a larger area

Union territory A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, union territories are federal territories ruled directly by the union government (central government), hence the name ""union territory"". When the Indian Constitution was adopted in 1949, there was only one union territory: Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, Chandigarh and Lakshadweep were formed by separating the territory from pre-existing states. Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu and Puducherry were formed from acquired territories that formerly belonged to Portuguese India or French

"Proposed states and territories of India"
Maharashtra state government. Jambuwantrao Dhote led a popular struggle for Vidarbha statehood in the 1970s. Two politicians, N. K. P. Salve and Vasant Sathe, have led attempts to bring about a state of Vidarbha in recent times. Delhi, Meerut, Baghpat, Muzaffarnagar, Gurgaon, Sonipat, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Greater Noida form the National Capital Region, with a population of about 22 million. The political administration of Delhi more closely resembles that of a state than a union territory, with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by

to the east, Baghelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh state to the south, the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh to the west. Purvanchal comprises three divisions – Awadhi region in the west, Bhojpuri region in the east and the Baghelkhand region in the south. The most commonly spoken language in Purvanchal is Bhojpuri. Purvanchal area is represented by 23 Members of Parliament to the lower house of Indian Parliament, and 117 legislators in the 403 member Uttar Pradesh state assembly or Vidhan Sabha. Districts-Azamgarh, Ballia, Chandauli, Deoria, Ghazipur, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Mau, Mirzapur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Siddharth

"United Provinces of Agra and Oudh"
north-east by Nepal; on the east and south-east by the Champaran, Saran, Shahabad, and Palamau Districts of Bengal; on the south by two of the Chota Nagpur States in the Central Provinces, Rewah and some small States in the Central India kanpur technical augor District in the Central Provinces; on the west by the States of Gwalior, Dholpur, and Bharatpur, the Districts of Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, and Ambala in the Punjab, and the Punjab States of Sirmur and Jubbal. The Jumna river formed part of the western boundary, the Ganges part of the southern, and the Gandak part of the

Jharkhand. There are 24 Maithili-speaking districts in Bihar: Araria, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, (Banka), Darbhanga, East Champaran Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Madhepura, Madhubani, Muzaffarpur, Purnea, Saharasa, Samastipur, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Supaul, Vaishali, and West Champaran, Munger, Jamui. There are six Maithili-speaking districts in Jharkhand: Deoghar, Dumka, godda, Jamtara, Pakaur, and Sahebganj. There is no consensus on a proposed capital though Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia and Begusarai have been suggested as candidate cities for the proposed capital. The establishment of Bhilistan (Hindi: भीलिस्तान) has been a demand for over 30 years. The 1999 book ""Untouchable Dalits in Modern India"" by S. M. Michael reported the demand

"States and union territories of India"
22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories. In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar. Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. States and

"Capital districts and territories"
1844 it was the Santo Domingo Province and then the constitution of the Dominican Republic decided that the country needed the capital to be in a special district. The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is a special Union Territory of India. The territory encompasses three statutory towns: New Delhi (the capital of India), Delhi and Delhi Cantonment, along with 59 census towns and 165 villages. The NCT was set up as a federally administered Union Territory on 11 November 1956. In December 1991, the NCT was given a legislative assembly headed by a Chief Minister. The territory is not

States and union territories of India India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions. The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region. During the British Raj, the original administrative structure was mostly kept,

"Mount Everest"
to climbers on those routes but also to the base camps. Mount Everest Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmatha () and in Tibetan as Chomolungma (), is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between Nepal (Province No. 1) and China (Tibet Autonomous Region) runs across its summit point. The current official elevation of , recognized by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975. In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a

Himalayas
Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is tall. Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south

Mount Everest Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmatha () and in Tibetan as Chomolungma (), is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between Nepal (Province No. 1) and China (Tibet Autonomous Region) runs across its summit point. The current official elevation of , recognized by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975. In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and

Himalayas
are vast potentials of mineral oil. There is coal located in Kashmir, and precious stones located in the Himalayas. There is also gold, silver, copper, zinc, and many other such minerals and metals located in at least 100 different places in these mountains. Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the

Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal). In 2010, an agreement was reached by both sides that the height of Everest is 8,848 m, and Nepal recognizes China's claim that the rock height of Everest is 8,844 m. In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society, upon a recommendation by Andrew Waugh, the British . As there appeared to be several different local names, Waugh chose to name the mountain after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest,

per year (upwards) and per year (northeastwards), but another account mentions more lateral movement (), and even shrinkage has been suggested. The summit of Everest is the point at which earth's surface reaches the greatest distance above sea level. Several other mountains are sometimes claimed to be the ""tallest mountains on earth"". Mauna Kea in Hawaii is tallest when measured from its base; it rises over when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains above sea level. By the same measure of base to summit, Denali, in Alaska, also known as Mount McKinley, is taller than

"Mountain range"
Pacific Coast, the Aleutian Range, on through Kamchatka, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, to New Zealand. The Andes is long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt includes Indonesia and southeast Asia, through the Himalaya, and ends in the Alps, Spain and Atlas Mountains. The belt also includes other European and Asian mountain ranges. The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest, which is high and traverses the border between China and Nepal. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera, the Urals, the Appalachians, the Scandinavian

Tibet
Tibet Tibet (; ; ) is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Inner Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Tamang, Qiang, Sherpa, and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level. The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the

Summit
the quantities, are often considered ""subsummits"" (or ""subpeaks"") of the higher peak, and are considered part of the same mountain. A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top. Summit may also refer to the highest point along a line, trail, or route. The highest summit in the world is Everest with height of 8844.43 m above sea level (29,029 ft). The first official ascent was made by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary. They reached the mountain`s peak in 1953. The UIAA definition is that a summit is independent if it has a

Tibet
All of modern China, including Tibet, is considered a part of East Asia. Historically, some European sources also considered parts of Tibet to lie in Central Asia. Tibet is west of the Central China plain, and within mainland China, Tibet is regarded as part of (), a term usually translated by Chinese media as ""the Western section"", meaning ""Western China"". Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at , the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in

"Commonwealth (U.S. state)"
This is evident in the names of the Virginia State Corporation Commission, the Virginia State Police, and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The state university in Richmond is known as Virginia Commonwealth University; there is also a Virginia State University, located in Ettrick. Commonwealth (U.S. state) Commonwealth is a designation used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Prior to the formation of the United States of America in

Commonwealth (U.S. state) Commonwealth is a designation used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Prior to the formation of the United States of America in 1776, all four were part of Great Britain's possessions along the Atlantic coast of North America. As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions. The term ""commonwealth"" does not describe or provide for any specific

Commonwealth
coast of North America prior to the formation of the United States of America in 1776. As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions. The four are: Two organized but unincorporated U.S. territories are called commonwealths. The two are: The Commonwealth of Nations—formerly the British Commonwealth—is a voluntary association or confederation of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which were once part of the British Empire. The Commonwealth's membership includes both republics and monarchies. The Head of the Commonwealth is Queen Elizabeth II, who also reigns as monarch directly in

used … for data collection and analysis,"" and is the most commonly used classification system. Other multi-state regions are unofficial, and defined by geography or cultural affinity rather than by state lines. U.S. state A state is a constituent political entity of the United States. There are currently 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic

federation. Australia operates under a federal system, in which power is divided between the federal (national) government and the state governments (the successors of the six colonies). So, in an Australian context, the term ""Commonwealth"" (capitalized) refers to the federal government, and ""Commonwealth of Australia"" is the official name of the country. The Bahamas uses the official style ""Commonwealth of The Bahamas"". The small Caribbean republic of Dominica has used the official style ""Commonwealth of Dominica"" since 1970. Four states of the United States officially designate themselves as ""commonwealths"". All four were part of Great Britain's possessions along the Atlantic

boundary definitions, or minor mutually agreed boundary adjustments for administrative convenience or other purposes. Occasionally, either Congress or the U.S. Supreme Court has had to settle state border disputes. One notable example is the case ""New Jersey v. New York"", in which New Jersey won roughly 90% of Ellis Island from New York in 1998. States may be grouped in regions; there are many variations and possible groupings. Many are defined in law or regulations by the federal government. For example, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau region definition is ""widely

U.S. state A state is a constituent political entity of the United States. There are currently 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons restricted by certain types of

Consideration for its admission was considered an ""exceptional circumstance"" by the Commonwealth Secretariat. The Commonwealth comprises 53 countries, across all continents. The members have a combined population of 2.3 billion people, almost a third of the world population, of which 1.26 billion live in India and 94% live in Asia and Africa combined. After India, the next-largest Commonwealth countries by population are Pakistan (180 million), Nigeria (170 million), Bangladesh (156 million), the United Kingdom (65 million), South Africa (55 million) Canada (36 million), Ghana (27 million) and Australia (24 million). Tuvalu is the smallest member, with about 10,000 people. The

court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody). Four states use the term ""commonwealth"" rather than ""state"" in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, and states may also create other local governments. State governments are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in republican principles, and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches, each with separate and independent

four states are brought in the name of the Commonwealth. Besides the four aforementioned states, other states have also on occasion used the term ""commonwealth"" to refer to themselves: Two U.S. territories are also designated as commonwealths: Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. When used in connection with areas under U.S. sovereignty that are not states, the term broadly describes an area that is self-governing under a constitution of its own adoption and whose right of self-government will not be unilaterally withdrawn by the United States Congress. On September 28, 1786, the residents of Kentucky County began petitioning the

"River Irk"
River Irk The River Irk is a river in North West England that flows through the northern suburbs and towns of Greater Manchester. It rises to the east of Royton and runs west past Chadderton, Middleton and Blackley before merging with the River Irwell in Manchester city centre. Historically, the Irk was also known as Iwrck or the Irke, names thought to have been derived from the Roebuck, suggesting that at one time it was a swift-running river. In medieval times, there was a mill by the Irk at which the tenants of the manor ground their corn and its

"River Irt"
River Irt The River Irt is a river in the county of Cumbria in northern England. It flows for from the south-western end of Wast Water, the deepest lake in England, leaving the lake at the foot of Whin Rigg, the southern peak of the famous Wastwater Screes. The name of the river is believed to derive from the Old English ""gyr"" which means mud. The river forms at the confluence of Lingmell Beck and Mosedale Beck on Wasdale Head, which is on the north-western side of Scafell Pike. On its short journey to the coast, the Irt is crossed

survived. The West Cumbria Rivers Trust carried out conservation work on the river between February 2015 and February 2018 to try and protect the habitat and prevent the complete eradication of the freshwater mussel from the river. River Irt The River Irt is a river in the county of Cumbria in northern England. It flows for from the south-western end of Wast Water, the deepest lake in England, leaving the lake at the foot of Whin Rigg, the southern peak of the famous Wastwater Screes. The name of the river is believed to derive from the Old English ""gyr"" which

"Irtysh River"
the Altai Mountains. From its origins as the ""Kara-Irtysh"" (Black Irtysh) in the Mongolian Altay mountains in Xinjiang, China, the Irtysh flows northwest through Lake Zaysan in Kazakhstan, meeting the Ishim and Tobol rivers before merging with the Ob near Khanty-Mansiysk in western Siberia, Russia after . The name Black Irtysh (""Kara-Irtysh"" in Kazakh, or ""Cherny Irtysh"" in Russian) is applied by some authors, especially in Russia and Kazakhstan, to the upper course of the river, from its source entering Lake Zaysan. The term White Irtysh, in opposition to the Black Irtysh, was occasionally used in the past to refer

above flood levels. According to ""The New Gazetteer of Lancashire"" (1830) the Irk had ""more mill seats upon it than any other stream of its length in the Kingdom"" and ""the eels in this river were formerly remarkable for their fatness, which was attributed to the grease and oils expressed by the mills from the woollen cloths and mixed with the waters."" However, by the start of the 20th century the Irk Valley between Crumpsall and Blackley had been left a neglected river, ""not only the blackest but the most sluggish of all rivers"". Friedrich Engels described the banks of

"River Irwell"
Agecroft area of Pendlebury. It then meanders around Lower Kersal and Lower Broughton. It bisects Salford and Manchester, joining the rivers Irk and Medlock, and then turns west toward Irlam, as part of the Manchester Ship Canal. Its course ends just east of Irlam, where it empties into the Mersey. Until the early 19th century the Irwell was well stocked with fish and other wildlife, with people living near Manchester Cathedral using its water for drinking and other domestic purposes. However, during the Industrial Revolution, increasing levels of pollution caused by waste products discharged into the river by local industries

Irtysh River The Irtysh River (, ""Erchis mörön"", ""erchleh"", ""twirl""; ; , Ertis, ه‌رتىس; Chinese: 额尔齐斯河, pinyin: ""É'ěrqísī hé"", Xiao'erjing: عَعَرٿِسِ حْ; Uyghur: إيرتيش, Әртиш, ""Ertish""; , Siberian Tatar: Эйәртеш, ""Eya’rtes’"") is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob River. The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia. The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol River, Demyanka River and the Ishim River. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and

Club since 2004. The boat house, which the sport's governing body, British Rowing, has nominated as the North West Centre of Excellence, also hosts the Two Cities Boat Race, which has been held on the river since 1972. This river is home to the ""Salford Friendly Anglers' Society"", the oldest angling society in the world, founded in 1817. Moving upstream from the Mersey confluence, the tributaries include the following: River Irwell The River Irwell ( ) is a long river which flows through the Irwell Valley in North West England. Its source is at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, approximately

"River Erewash"
River Erewash The River Erewash is a river in England, a tributary of the River Trent that flows roughly southwards through Derbyshire, close to its eastern border with Nottinghamshire. The approximate meaning of the name is not in doubt, but there is room for debate about the precise derivation and its connotations. Brewer gives the commonly accepted explanation that it comes from the Old English words ""irre"" (""wandering"") and ""wisce"" (""wet meadow""). This is accepted by Cameron, a leading place name expert, and a Derbyshire specialist, who interprets the name as ""wandering, marshy river"". Gelling, who specialises in seeking precise

point of view: Citations Bibliography River Erewash The River Erewash is a river in England, a tributary of the River Trent that flows roughly southwards through Derbyshire, close to its eastern border with Nottinghamshire. The approximate meaning of the name is not in doubt, but there is room for debate about the precise derivation and its connotations. Brewer gives the commonly accepted explanation that it comes from the Old English words ""irre"" (""wandering"") and ""wisce"" (""wet meadow""). This is accepted by Cameron, a leading place name expert, and a Derbyshire specialist, who interprets the name as ""wandering, marshy river"". Gelling,

what was the most important new religious figure of the new kingdom of ancient egypt

"Ancient Egyptian religion"
they simultaneously viewed him as a god, because the divine power of kingship was incarnated in him. He therefore acted as intermediary between Egypt's people and the gods. He was key to upholding Maat, both by maintaining justice and harmony in human society and by sustaining the gods with temples and offerings. For these reasons, he oversaw all state religious activity. However, the pharaoh's real-life influence and prestige could differ from his portrayal in official writings and depictions, and beginning in the late New Kingdom his religious importance declined drastically. The king was also associated with many specific deities. He

and moved Egypt's capital to a new city at Amarna. This part of Egyptian history, the Amarna period, is named after this. In doing so, Akhenaten claimed unprecedented status: only he could worship the Aten, and the populace directed their worship toward him. The Atenist system lacked well-developed mythology and afterlife beliefs, and the Aten seemed distant and impersonal, so the new order did not appeal to ordinary Egyptians. Thus, many probably continued to worship the traditional gods in private. Nevertheless, the withdrawal of state support for the other deities severely disrupted Egyptian society. Akhenaten's successors restored the traditional religious

elevation was partly due to the great importance of Thebes, but it was also due to the increasingly professional priesthood. Their sophisticated theological discussion produced detailed descriptions of Amun's universal power. Increased contact with outside peoples in this period led to the adoption of many Near Eastern deities into the pantheon. At the same time, the subjugated Nubians absorbed Egyptian religious beliefs, and in particular, adopted Amun as their own. The New Kingdom religious order was disrupted when Akhenaten acceded, and replaced Amun with the Aten as the state god. Eventually he eliminated the official worship of most other gods,

Egypt
The New Kingdom c. 1550–1070 BC began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as Tombos in Nubia, and included parts of the Levant in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known Pharaohs, including Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. The first historically attested expression of monotheism came during this period as Atenism. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded

system, and eventually they dismantled all Atenist monuments. Before the Amarna period, popular religion had trended toward more personal relationships between worshippers and their gods. Akhenaten's changes had reversed this trend, but once the traditional religion was restored, there was a backlash. The populace began to believe that the gods were much more directly involved in daily life. Amun, the supreme god, was increasingly seen as the final arbiter of human destiny, the true ruler of Egypt. The pharaoh was correspondingly more human and less divine. The importance of oracles as a means of decision-making grew, as did the wealth

the New Kingdom the pharaoh Akhenaten abolished the official worship of other gods in favor of the sun-disk Aten. This is often seen as the first instance of true monotheism in history, although the details of Atenist theology are still unclear and the suggestion that it was monotheistic is disputed. The exclusion of all but one god from worship was a radical departure from Egyptian tradition and some see Akhenaten as a practitioner of monolatry rather than monotheism, as he did not actively deny the existence of other gods; he simply refrained from worshipping any but the Aten. Under Akhenaten's

Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BC) Amun held this position. The theology of the period described in particular detail Amun's presence in and rule over all things, so that he, more than any other deity, embodied the all-encompassing power of the divine. The Egyptian conception of the universe centered on ""maat"", a word that encompasses several concepts in English, including ""truth"", ""justice"", and ""order."" It was the fixed, eternal order of the universe, both in the cosmos and in human society, and it was often personified as a goddess. It had existed since the creation of the world, and without it the

Middle Kingdom, he was eclipsed by the rising popularity of Amun. In this new Egyptian state, personal piety grew more important and was expressed more freely in writing, a trend that continued in the New Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom crumbled in the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC), but the country was again reunited by Theban rulers, who became the first pharaohs of the New Kingdom. Under the new regime, Amun became the supreme state god. He was syncretized with Ra, the long-established patron of kingship, and his temple at Karnak in Thebes became Egypt's most important religious center. Amun's

remained comparatively small, suggesting that official religion in this period emphasized the cult of the divine king more than the direct worship of deities. The funerary rituals and architecture of this time greatly influenced the more elaborate temples and rituals used in worshipping the gods in later periods. Early in the Old Kingdom, Ra grew in influence, and his cult center at Heliopolis became the nation's most important religious site. By the Fifth Dynasty, Ra was the most prominent god in Egypt, and had developed the close links with kingship and the afterlife that he retained for the rest of

"History of ancient Egypt"
Aten, sometimes called Atenism, is often seen as history's first instance of monotheism. Atenism and several changes that accompanied it seriously disrupted Egyptian society. Akhenaten built a new capital at the site of Amarna, which gives his reign and the few that followed their modern name, the Amarna Period. Amarna art diverged significantly from the previous conventions of Egyptian art. Under a series of successors, of whom the longest reigning were Tutankhamun and Horemheb. Under them, worship of the old gods was revived and much of the art and monuments that were created during Akhenaten's reign was defaced or destroyed.

"Salaries of members of the United States Congress"
Salaries of members of the United States Congress This chart shows historical information on the salaries that members of the United States Congress have been paid. The Government Ethics Reform Act of 1989 provides for an automatic increase in salary each year as a cost of living adjustment that reflects the employment cost index. Since 2010 Congress has annually voted not to accept the increase, keeping it at the same nominal amount since 2009. The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1992, prohibits any law affecting compensation from taking effect until after the next election. Additional pay

schedule for the Senate and House positions: SCHEDULE 6—VICE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Salaries of members of the United States Congress This chart shows historical information on the salaries that members of the United States Congress have been paid. The Government Ethics Reform Act of 1989 provides for an automatic increase in salary each year as a cost of living adjustment that reflects the employment cost index. Since 2010 Congress has annually voted not to accept the increase, keeping it at the same nominal amount since 2009. The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1992, prohibits

"United States Congress"
are not permitted to send election materials, borderline material is often sent, especially in the run-up to an election by those in close races. Indeed, some academics consider free mailings as giving incumbents a big advantage over challengers. From 1789 to 1815, members of Congress received only a daily payment of $6 while in session. Members received an annual salary of $1,500 per year from 1815 to 1817, then a per diem salary of $8 from 1818 to 1855; since then they have received an annual salary, first pegged in 1855 at $3,000. In 1907, salaries were raised to $7,500

allowance averaged $1.4 million per member, and ranged from $1.35 to $1.67 million. The Personnel allowance was $944,671 per member in 2010. Each member may employ no more than 18 permanent employees. Members' employees' salary is capped at $168,411 as of 2009. Each member-elect and one staffer can be paid for one round trip between their home in their congressional district and Washington, D.C. for organization caucuses. The party with a majority of seats in the House is known as the majority party. The next-largest party is the minority party. The Speaker, committee chairs, and some other officials are generally

Speaker and $193,400 for their party leaders (the same as Senate leaders). A cost-of-living-adjustment (COLA) increase takes effect annually unless Congress votes not to accept it. Congress sets members' salaries; however, the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits a change in salary (but not COLA) from taking effect until after the next election of the whole House. Representatives are eligible for retirement benefits after serving for five years. Outside pay is limited to 15% of congressional pay, and certain types of income involving a fiduciary responsibility or personal endorsement are prohibited. Salaries are not for life, only during

per year, the equivalent of $173,000 in 2010. In 2006, members of Congress received a yearly salary of $165,200. Congressional leaders were paid $183,500 per year. The Speaker of the House of Representatives earns $212,100 annually. The salary of the President pro tempore for 2006 was $183,500, equal to that of the majority and minority leaders of the House and Senate. Privileges include having an office and paid staff. In 2008, non-officer members of Congress earned $169,300 annually. Some critics complain congressional pay is high compared with a median American income of $45,113 for men and $35,102 for women. Others

"Congressional pension"
who worked for 22 years and who had a top three-year average salary of $154,267 would be eligible for a pension payment of $84,847 per year. A member elected after 1984 would have been enrolled under the FERS plan, and their pension payment under similar conditions ($154,267 top three-year average salary, but with only 20 years of service, rather than the 22 in the CSRS example) would be $52,451. In 2002, the average congressional pension payment ranged from $41,000 to $55,000. , senior Members of Congress who have been in office for at least 32 years can earn about $139,000

"U.S. Congress and citizens"
criticism and controversy, are access to campaign contributions as well as gerrymandering which give incumbents an unfair advantage, according to some critics. As a result, re-election rates of members of Congress seeking repeated terms hovers around 90% according to many sources. Sometimes members of Congress are seen as a ""privileged class"" with cozy relations with lobbyists and free use of official resources. Academics such as Princeton's Stephen Macedo have proposed solutions to fix gerrymandering. Campaign costs have risen steadily over time. In 1971, the cost of running for congress in Utah was $70,000. Since then, campaign costs have climbed. The

one-third of the cost of health insurance with the government covering the other two-thirds. The size of a congressional pension depends on the years of service and the average of the highest three years of their salary. By law, the starting amount of a member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of their final salary. In 2006, the average annual pension for retired senators and representatives under the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) was $60,972, while those who retired under FERS, or in combination with CSRS, was $35,952. Members of Congress make fact-finding missions to learn about other countries and

on three components: one for personnel, one for official office expenses and one for official or franked mail. The personnel allowance is the same for all members; the office and mail allowances vary based on the members' district's distance from Washington, D.C., the cost of office space in the member's district, and the number of non-business addresses in their district. These three components are used to calculate a single MRA that can fund any expense—even though each component is calculated individually, the franking allowance can be used to pay for personnel expenses if the member so chooses. In 2011 this

"RMS Titanic"
'gigantic'. Built in Belfast, Ireland, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it was then known), the RMS ""Titanic"" was the second of the three s—the first was the and the third was the . Britannic was originally to be called Gigantic and was to be over 1,000 feet long. They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line's fleet, which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912. The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line's chairman, J. Bruce Ismay, and the American

three ""letters of agreement"" two days later, authorising the start of construction. At this point the first ship—which was later to become ""Olympic""—had no name, but was referred to simply as ""Number 400"", as it was Harland and Wolff's four hundredth hull. ""Titanic"" was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401. ""Titanic"" was long with a maximum breadth of . Her total height, measured from the base of the keel to the top of the bridge, was . She measured 46,328 gross register tons and with a draught of , she displaced

design was overseen by Lord Pirrie, a director of both Harland and Wolff and the White Star Line; naval architect Thomas Andrews, the managing director of Harland and Wolff's design department; Edward Wilding, Andrews' deputy and responsible for calculating the ship's design, stability and trim; and Alexander Carlisle, the shipyard's chief draughtsman and general manager. Carlisle's responsibilities included the decorations, equipment and all general arrangements, including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design. On 29 July 1908, Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives. Ismay approved the design and signed

construction was facilitated by an enormous gantry built by Sir William Arrol & Co., a Scottish firm responsible for the building of the Forth Bridge and London's Tower Bridge. The Arrol Gantry stood high, was wide and long, and weighed more than 6,000 tons. It accommodated a number of mobile cranes. A separate floating crane, capable of lifting 200 tons, was brought in from Germany. The construction of ""Olympic"" and ""Titanic"" took place virtually in parallel, with ""Olympic""s keel laid down first on 16 December 1908 and ""Titanic""s on 31 March 1909. Both ships took about 26 months to build

RMS Titanic RMS ""Titanic"" was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS ""Titanic"" was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three s operated by the White Star Line. She was built by the Harland and Wolff

"Olympic-class ocean liner"
Olympic-class ocean liner The ""Olympic""-class ocean liners were a trio of British ocean liners built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard for the White Star Line during the early 20th century. They were (1911), (1912), and (1915). All three were designed to be the largest and most luxurious passenger ships in the world, designed to give White Star an advantage in the transatlantic passenger trade. Two were lost early in their careers: ""Titanic"" sank in 1912 on her maiden voyage, after hitting an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean, and ""Britannic"" in 1916, after hitting a mine laid by the

primarily in response to the Cunard giants but also to replace their oldest pair of passenger ships still in service, being the of 1889 and of 1890. ""Teutonic"" was replaced by ""Olympic"" while ""Majestic"" was replaced by ""Titanic"". ""Majestic"" would be brought back into her old spot on White Star's New York service after ""Titanic""'s loss. The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff, who had a long-established relationship with the White Star Line dating back to 1867. Harland and Wolff were given a great deal of latitude in designing ships for the White Star Line; the

by numerous works of popular culture, including books, folk songs, films, exhibits, and memorials. ""Titanic"" is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world, only beaten by her sister , the largest ever sunk, although she holds the record as the largest sunk while actually in service as a liner due to ""Britannic"" being used as a hospital ship at the time of her sinking. The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97. The name ""Titanic"" was derived the Titan of Greek mythology and meant

"Tek Sing"
Tek Sing The Tek Sing (Chinese, ""True Star"") was a large three-masted Chinese ocean-going junk which sank on February 6, 1822 in an area of the South China Sea known as the Belvidere Shoals. The vessel was 50 meters in length, 10 meters wide and weighed about a thousand tons. Its tallest mast was estimated to be 90 feet in height. The ship was manned by a crew of 200 and had approx. 1600 passengers. The great loss of life associated with the sinking has led to the ""Tek Sing"" being referred to in modern times as the ""Titanic of

52,310 tons. All three of the ""Olympic""-class ships had ten decks (excluding the top of the officers' quarters), eight of which were for passenger use. From top to bottom, the decks were: ""Titanic"" was equipped with three main engines—two reciprocating four-cylinder, triple-expansion steam engines and one centrally placed low-pressure Parsons turbine—each driving a propeller. The two reciprocating engines had a combined output of 30,000 hp. The output of the steam turbine was 16,000 hp. The White Star Line had used the same combination of engines on an earlier liner, the , where it had been a great success. It provided

"My Country My Life"
My Country My Life My Country My Life is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani, an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004, and was the Leader of the Opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha. The book was released on 19 March 2008 by Abdul Kalam, the eleventh President of India. The book has 1,040 pages and narrates autobiographical accounts and events in the life of Advani. It became the best seller book in the non-fiction category and Advani joined Archer as a bestseller author. The book website claims the book

"My Country"
My Country ""My Country"" is an iconic patriotic [poem]about [Australia], written by Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968) at the age of 19 while homesick in the United Kingdom. After travelling through Europe extensively with her father during her teenage years, she started writing the poem in London in 1904 and re-wrote it several times before her return to Sydney. The poem was first published in ""The Spectator"" in London on 5 September 1908 under the title ""Core of My Heart"". It was reprinted in many Australian newspapers, quickly becoming well known and establishing Mackellar as a poet. Mackellar's family owned substantial properties

six years. This phase also provides a candid and self-critical assessment of the unanticipated defeat of the NDA in the May 2004 parliamentary elections. ‘I have not the slightest doubt,’ Advani says, ‘that, as in the past, the BJP will bounce back again.’ The highlights of this part of the book are the Vajpayee government's determined fight against Pakistan-supported cross-border terrorism fueled by religious extremism, India's triumph in the Kargil War, the Vajpayee-Advani duo's efforts to normalise relations with Pakistan, the hopes and frustrations at the Agra Summit between Vajpayee and General Pervez Musharraf, and Advani's historic journey to Pakistan

sold an excess of 1,000,000 copies. The book alongside mentions the event in Indian politics and India's history from 1900 till date. ""My Country My Life"" is a selfportrait of India's leading political personality — L.K. Advani. This book covers, chronologically, most of all the major and minor events in the life of Advani. My Country My Life presents L.K. Advani's memoirs in five phases. It describes Advani's early life in Sindh, narrating the heart-rending story of India's blood-soaked partition into two separate countries — India and Pakistan — when Britain's colonial rule came to an end. He was one

India should take in the future, but there are no two opinions, after reading the autobiography, that there are very few in Indian politics with the mettle and character of Advani. Perhaps this book will serve as an inspiration to many who are deeply for the nation but don’t know the high cost and also the high value of power"". My Country My Life My Country My Life is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani, an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004, and was the Leader of the Opposition in

It also demonstrates how the then prime minister, Indira Gandhi tried to destroy the basic structure of the Constitution, a wrongdoing which her party, the Indian National Congress, has never honestly debated or apologized for. It is the period when Advani emerged as an important national leader. It describes his sterling work in Parliament, and also as the Minister of Information & Broadcasting in the Janata Government (1977–79), in dismantling the legal edifice of dictatorship created during the Emergency. It also provides a penetrating account of the disintegration of the Janata Party and the formation of the Bharatiya Janata Party

"My Own Country"
My Own Country My Own Country is Abraham Verghese's first book. First published in 1994, it made that year's ""New York Times Notable Book"" list. It is used in colleges and medical schools throughout North America and across the world because of the way it communicates the sense of empathy and compassion so often missing in medical school education in an era of high technology and reliance on computers as primary diagnostic tools. ""My Own Country"" traces the story of a young infectious-disease physician in the mid-80s in Johnson City, Tennessee, who began to treat patients with a then unknown

of prejudice, from his giving of so much time and comfort, and the unraveling of his own domestic life and from the seeming hopelessness of the situation came a book of such richness and humanity that the story is uplifting and hopeful even as it plumbs the depths of human sadness. The book was adapted for a 1998 TV movie starring Naveen Andrews. My Own Country My Own Country is Abraham Verghese's first book. First published in 1994, it made that year's ""New York Times Notable Book"" list. It is used in colleges and medical schools throughout North America and

of the millions of people who migrated from Pakistan to India — and also from India to Pakistan. After giving a fascinating socio-spiritual history of Sindh, Advani describes his life at home and school in Karachi (which he calls his ‘favourite city’). He also writes about two transformative influences on his life: the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a nationalist organization which he joined as a swayamsevak (volunteer) at the age of 14, and Swami Ranganathananda, head of the Ramakrishna Math in Karachi and an erudite exponent of the philosophy of Swami Vivekananda, whom Advani first met in Karachi. It deals

with Advani's life as an RSS pracharak (organiser) in Rajasthan and as an activist of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. An important section in this phase deals with the mutually respectful relationship between Mahatma Gandhi and the RSS. Advani defends the RSS against allegations of its complicity in the murder of Gandhi. It deals with Advani's evolution as a political leader in New Delhi. 'I was asked,' he writes, 'by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the main ideologue, guide and organiser of the Jana Sangh, to shift my base to Delhi and work as a political aide to Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who had

"The Great British Bake Off (series 1)"
the episode on puddings would take place in Bakewell, bread baking would take place near Sandwich. This first series had a voiceover by Stephen Noonan; for the subsequent series this role was taken by the on-screen presenters Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins. The competition was won by Edd Kimber. Colour key: For the first challenge, the bakers were instructed to bake any cake they want using their creativity within 3 hours. It has to be evenly baked, evenly risen, and moist. For the technical challenge, the bakers were to make a Victorian Sandwich using Mary Berry's recipe. For the final

"The Great British Bake Off"
move it to BBC One for the next three series. After its seventh series, Love Productions signed a three-year deal with Channel 4 to produce the show for the broadcaster. The programme was originally presented by Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc, with judges Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood. The current presenters are Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, with Hollywood and Prue Leith as the judges. In chronological order, the winners are Edd Kimber, Joanne Wheatley, John Whaite, Frances Quinn, Nancy Birtwhistle, Nadiya Hussain, Candice Brown, Sophie Faldo and Rahul Mandal. The show has become a significant part of British culture

The rounds took place in various locations across the UK, with the final round being held at Fulham Palace, London. The three finalists were Ruth Clemens, Miranda Gore Browne, and Edd Kimber. On 21 September 2010, Edd Kimber was crowned the best amateur baker. The number of amateur baker contestants increased to twelve for the second series. Unlike Series 1, this year ""The Great British Bake Off"" stayed in one location – Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge, London. The finalists were Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley. The third series of ""The Great

the pharmaceutical company and launched a new business, The Pudding Stop, in St Albans. It started as a portable street-food vendor and a supplier of puddings to restaurants. Shepherd has since also opened a shop, also in St Albans. Sadly, Mark Whithers who was eliminated in Episode 1 died on the 11th of May 2013 after suffering from cancer. In this one-off special edition on the series, the three finalists from series one (Edd, Ruth and Miranda) returned once more. Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry set them the ultimate challenge, to make and bake two spectacular Wedding Cakes each in

"The Great British Bake Off (series 7)"
was won by Candice Brown, with Andrew Smyth and Jane Beedle finishing as runners-up. Colour key: For the first challenge, the bakers were given two hours to make a drizzle cake, the brief being that the cake be moist and well permeated with the drizzle. For the technical challenge, the bakers were instructed to make Mary's recipe for twelve jaffa cakes. The recipe used a whipped fatless sponge, orange jelly and tempered chocolate with a design of sorts. For the final challenge, the bakers were instructed to make a mirror glaze cake. The cake had to have a genoise sponge

episode it had averaged 4.56 million viewers, peaking at 5.1 million in its last 15 minutes. The ratings continued to strengthen in the third series, and the show began to beat its competition in its timeslot. The final of the series where John Whaite was crowned the winner saw its highest rating yet, with an average of 6.5 million viewers that peaked at 7.2 million, which made it the second highest-rated BBC Two-originated show after ""Top Gear"" since at least 2006. The fourth series achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. The viewer count for its premiere

challenge, the showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a Chocolate Celebration Cake, with perfect execution, original ideas and their own flair. Cotswolds For the signature bake, the bakers were asked to bake their Personality Biscuits within 2 hours. For the technical challenge, the bakers were asked to bake scones using Paul Hollywood's recipe within an hour. For the showstopper, the bakers were asked to bake Petit Fours; Meringues, Choux Pastry, and Macarons, within 4 hours. Scone Palace, Perthshire For their signature bake, the bakers were asked to bake their signature bread within 3 1/2 hours. For the technical

were asked to bake 3 puddings: crumble, bread, and suet, in 5 hours. Bakewell, Derbyshire For the signature challenge, the bakers were asked to bake a savoury pie in 2 1/2 hours. For the technical challenge, the bakers were asked to bake 4 Cornish pasties in 1 1/2 hours. For the showstopper, the bakers were asked to bake 2 pastry platters; savory and sweet tartlets, in 5 hours. Mousehole, Cornwall In the final, a baker was eliminated after the first bake, and only two bakers competed in the final day. For the first challenge, the 3 finalists were asked to

followed the channel move. The first Christmas special featured Mary-Anne Boermans (Series 2), Cathryn Dresser (Series 3), Ali Imdad (Series 4) and Norman Calder (Series 5). The competition was won by Mary-Anne Boermans. The second Christmas special featured Janet Basu (Series 2), James Morton (Series 3), Howard Middleton (Series 4) and Chetna Makan (Series 5). The competition was won by Chetna Makan. The signature challenge required the bakers to create 2 batches of edible Christmas tree decorations, 12 of each type, using biscuits. The technical challenge, set by Mary, tasked the bakers to make a choux wreath consisting of 36

British Bake Off"" began on 14 August 2012. The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. The finalists were Brendan Lynch, James Morton and John Whaite, the last of whom won the final in a surprise result. In the U.S., the third series was broadcast as season 5 on PBS, and on Netflix as ""The Great British Baking Show: The Beginnings"". The fourth series of ""The Great British Bake Off"" started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. The final was won by Frances Quinn,

"Buckingham Palace"
high and contains over of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace and Quirinal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, and the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms, 52 principal bedrooms, and 19 state rooms. It also has a post office, cinema, swimming pool, doctor's surgery, and jeweller's workshop. The principal rooms are contained on the ""piano nobile"" behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms

The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring. In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew.

of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London. There, the Queen hosts her annual garden parties each summer, and also holds large functions to celebrate royal milestones, such as jubilees. It covers , and includes a helicopter landing area, a lake, and a tennis court. Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It

gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre. The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which still survive, included widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle

in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece designed by Robert Jones and sculpted by Richard Westmacott. It was formerly in the Music Room at the Brighton Pavilion. The ornate clock, known as the Kylin Clock was made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, China, in the second half of the 18th century; it has a later movement by Benjamin Vulliamy circa 1820. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon,

bomb during World War II; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection. The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a ""Belle Époque"" cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House.

1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light. Smaller ceremonies such as the reception of new ambassadors take place in the ""1844

fire devastated many of its state rooms. In the year to 31 March 2017, 580,000 people visited the palace, and 154,000 visited the gallery. Her Majesty's Government is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate. In November 2015, the State Dining Room was closed for six months because its ceiling had become potentially dangerous. A 10-year schedule of maintenance work, including new plumbing, wiring, boilers, and radiators, and the installation of solar panels on the roof, has been estimated to cost £369 million and was approved by the prime minister in November

is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial

trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992

month of March and pre-summer/spring opening, beating ""Batman v Superman"", the biggest start ever for a PG title (also for a family film), surpassing ""Finding Dory"" until it was later surpassed by ""Incredibles 2"", the biggest debut of all time for a female-fueled film, ahead of """", the biggest for a Disney live-action adaptation, ahead of ""Alice in Wonderland"" and the biggest musical debut ever, supplanting ""Pitch Perfect 2"". Furthermore, it is also Watson's highest-opening, beating ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" same with Emma Thompson, director Bill Condon's biggest debut ever ahead of """" and the

"The Happy Prince (2018 film)"
The Happy Prince (2018 film) The Happy Prince is a 2018 biographical drama film about Oscar Wilde, written by, directed by, and starring Rupert Everett in his directorial debut. The film stars Everett, Colin Firth, Colin Morgan, Emily Watson, Edwin Thomas and Tom Wilkinson. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, and was shown at the 2018 . The film's title alludes to the children's story by Oscar Wilde, ""The Happy Prince and Other Tales"", which Wilde would read aloud to his children. The film was released in Italy on 12 April 2018, in the United Kingdom on 15

"The Riveras"
season of I Love Jenni was the most-watched original mun2 original program. It finished as the fifth most-watched program with Hispanic females 18-49 and seventh most watched series with Hispanic adults 18-49 In May 2016, Telemundo and UNIVERSO announced ""The Riveras"" as an upcoming series on UNIVERSO as well as other Jenni Rivera related programming. On November 6, 2017, during the finale of Mariposa de Barrio on Telemundo, UNIVERSO announced that a third season would premiere in 2018. On March 1, 2018, UNIVERSO announced that ""The Riveras"" has been picked up for a fourth season set to premiere in 2019.

The Riveras The Riveras is an American reality television series that airs on UNIVERSO. The show is a spin-off of I Love Jenni. The series follows the five children of late Mexican-American singer Jenni Rivera as they begin to pursue their dreams and continue to honor Rivera's legacy. The series debuted on October 16, 2016. After the death of singer Jenni Rivera, ""I Love Jenni"" ran its third and final season on NBC Universo (then known as mun2). The final episodes of the third season focused on Rivera's five children as they deal with life after her passing. The final

"Narcos (season 3)"
of 78 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Narcos (season 3) The third season of Narcos, an American crime thriller drama web television series produced and created by Chris Brancato, Carlo Bernard, and Doug Miro, follows the story of the Cali Cartel. All 10 episodes of the season became available for streaming on Netflix on September 1, 2017 and were met with positive reviews. Season 3 chronicles the DEA's hunt for the Cali Cartel leaders after Escobar's death in 1993. With Escobar out of the way, business for the Cali Cartel is booming, with new

Narcos (season 3) The third season of Narcos, an American crime thriller drama web television series produced and created by Chris Brancato, Carlo Bernard, and Doug Miro, follows the story of the Cali Cartel. All 10 episodes of the season became available for streaming on Netflix on September 1, 2017 and were met with positive reviews. Season 3 chronicles the DEA's hunt for the Cali Cartel leaders after Escobar's death in 1993. With Escobar out of the way, business for the Cali Cartel is booming, with new markets in the United States and elsewhere. To everyone's surprise, Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela,

ending"". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The O.C. (season 3) The third season of ""The O.C."" commenced airing in the United States on September 8, 2005, concluded on May 18, 2006, and consisted of 25 episodes. The first ten episodes of season three aired Thursdays at 8:00 p.m. ET in the US on FOX, a terrestrial television network; however, from January 12, 2006 onwards, ""The O.C."" was shifted to a later time of Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. ET. Following on from season two, the series continues to follow the characters' lives in the wealthy community of Newport Beach, Orange County, California, with the main

The O.C. (season 3) The third season of ""The O.C."" commenced airing in the United States on September 8, 2005, concluded on May 18, 2006, and consisted of 25 episodes. The first ten episodes of season three aired Thursdays at 8:00 p.m. ET in the US on FOX, a terrestrial television network; however, from January 12, 2006 onwards, ""The O.C."" was shifted to a later time of Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. ET. Following on from season two, the series continues to follow the characters' lives in the wealthy community of Newport Beach, Orange County, California, with the main characters entering

"Los 80"
life of the Herrera family, the news of a new baby, and finishing with the birth of baby Ana. The third season of the series premiered on October 17, 2010 and ended on December 19. Set in 1985, it starts with the 1985 Algarrobo earthquake and ends with Claudia's decision to leave her family, because she's being investigated by the CNI. The fourth season of the series premiered on October 16, 2011. Set in 1986, it starts with the Herreras reading the goodbye letter Claudia left and Juan going to Argentina to see her. The season finished on December 20,

Narcos
some of his best work as viewers read the worry and interior thinking on his face."" On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds an approval rating of 96% based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 7.46/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"Narcos"" continues to evolve in its third season, drawing on historical details to take viewers on a thoroughly gripping – and unsettlingly timely – journey into darkness."" On Metacritic, season three holds a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". ""Narcos: Mexico"" was released on November 16, 2018.

"Michigan–Michigan State men's basketball rivalry"
Conference. The rivalry has been evidenced both on the court and off the court. Among the off the court elements of the rivalry, recruiting of basketball talent has resulted in battles, the most notable of which turned into the University of Michigan basketball scandal when both schools sought the services of Mateen Cleaves. Michigan currently leads the series, which began on January 9, 1909. As a result of the Big Ten moving to 11 teams with the addition of Penn State, teams were not guaranteed two games against each other. Accordingly, the schools chose to play one game that did

"Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry"
Conference in 1950. The teams have met 110 times with Michigan winning 70 games, Michigan State winning 36 games, and five games ending with the score tied. Michigan dominated the series for the first half century, compiling a 33–6–3 record from 1898 to 1949. The tide shifted to Michigan State in the 1950s and 1960s, as the Spartans under head coaches Biggie Munn and Duffy Daugherty compiled a 14–4–2 record from 1950 to 1969. The tide then shifted back to the Wolverines as Michigan compiled a 30–8 record against the Spartans from 1970 to 2007. Since 2008, Michigan State has

Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry The Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the University of Michigan Wolverines and Michigan State University Spartans. Since 1953, the winner of each year's game has received the Paul Bunyan Trophy. The teams first played in 1898 and have met almost every year since 1910 (exceptions in 1943 and 1944). 44 of the first 50 games were played in Ann Arbor, but since then, U of M and MSU have played 30 home games against each other. The competition became a conference rivalry with Michigan State's entrance into the Big Ten

"Illinois–Michigan football series"
two teams combined for a total of 1,237 yards of offense, breaking the record of 1,189 set against Northwestern in 2000. The Big Ten realigned into two divisions after the 2011 addition of Nebraska and the 2014 additions of Maryland and Rutgers. Illinois and Michigan were placed in opposite divisions, meaning the two teams would no longer play each other annually. Since the 2011 realignment, the football teams have met three times: 2011 in Champaign, 2012 in Ann Arbor, and 2016 in Ann Arbor, all Michigan wins. Their next meeting will be in 2019 in Champaign. Illinois–Michigan football series The

1953, is because The University of Michigan blocked Michigan State from joining the ""Big 9"" (which would have made it the Big 10), believing that Michigan's intrastate dominance would be curtailed. Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry The Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the University of Michigan Wolverines and Michigan State University Spartans. Since 1953, the winner of each year's game has received the Paul Bunyan Trophy. The teams first played in 1898 and have met almost every year since 1910 (exceptions in 1943 and 1944). 44 of the first 50 games were played in Ann

"Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry"
Michigan"". The move of calling his cancer ""Michigan"" got the support of his parents, Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer (who Reed later got to meet), and even some Michigan fans, including Michigan head coach Brady Hoke. After his last chemotherapy treatment in 2013 which placed him in remission, Reed now tells people that he ""beat Michigan"". Rankings are from the AP Poll. In Big Ten Conference play, Ohio State leads the series 50–46–4 through the 2018 meeting. Michigan was a charter member of the Big Ten in 1896 before leaving the league after the 1906 football season. Ohio State

2011. Michigan and Ohio State first played each other in 1897. Ohio State's victory in 2010 was vacated. The rivalry was particularly enhanced during The Ten Year War, a period in which Ohio State was coached by Woody Hayes and Michigan was coached by Bo Schembechler. Overall, the Buckeye and Wolverine football programs have combined for 19 national titles, 77 conference titles, and 10 Heisman Trophy winners. Michigan holds a 58–50–6 advantage through the 2018 season. Michigan and Michigan State first played each other in 1898. Since Michigan State joined the Big Ten Conference in 1953, the two schools have

Davis each scored a touchdown as the Wolverines shocked the Buckeyes, 28–0. After the game, Cooper said: ""This is one of the most embarrassing games I've ever been involved with."" ""They outplayed us on offense, on defense, and in the kicking game. If you'd told me we would come up here and get beat 28–0, I'd have probably stayed home."" In 1995, #2 Ohio State was led by eventual Heisman Trophy winner Eddie George and future National Football League (NFL) stars Orlando Pace, Terry Glenn, Mike Vrabel, Shawn Springs, and Rickey Dudley. Glenn insisted there wasn't anything special about the

Michigan State's Foster Loyer (3,691 points) won, while Michigan's Brandon Johns (2,792) and David DeJulius (2,542) finished second and third, respectively. Marcus Bingham, an MSU recruit, was the fourth player set to attend one of the rivals. Another element of the rivalry is that Michigan (1964, 1992*, 1993* and 2018) and Michigan State (1999 and 2001) are the only two schools to have had both their hockey team and basketball team qualify for the final four of the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship and NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament in the same season. The following summarizes the accomplishments of

Illinois–Michigan football series The Illinois–Michigan football series is an American college football series between the Illinois Fighting Illini and Michigan Wolverines. The series dates back to 1898 and features two long-time Big Ten members, with Illinois claiming five national championships, 15 Big Ten Conference titles, and 24 consensus All-Americans, and Michigan claiming 11 national championships, 42 Big Ten titles, and 81 consensus All-Americans. Michigan leads the series 70–23–2. For Illinois, Michigan is its third-most played opponent, trailing only Northwestern (108 games) and Ohio State (101 games). For Michigan, Illinois is its fourth-most played opponent, behind Ohio State (111 games), Michigan

what happened to the actor who played frost on rizzoli and isles

"Lee Thompson Young"
Lee Thompson Young Lee Thompson Young (February 1, 1984 – August 19, 2013) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his adolescent role as the title character on the Disney Channel television series ""The Famous Jett Jackson"" (1998–2001) and as Chris Comer in the movie ""Friday Night Lights"" (2004). His last starring role was as Boston police detective Barry Frost on the TNT police drama series ""Rizzoli & Isles"" (2010–14). Young was born in Columbia, South Carolina, the son of Velma Elaine (née Love) and Tommy Scott Young. He was in the second grade when his parents' marriage

"R. D. Wingfield"
R. D. Wingfield Rodney David Wingfield (6 June 1928 – 31 July 2007) was an English author and radio dramatist. He is best remembered for creating the character of Detective Inspector Jack Frost, who was later played by Sir David Jason in ""A Touch of Frost"". Rodney David Wingfield was born in Hackney, east London in 1928. He was educated at the Coopers' Company School and during the Second World War was evacuated to Frome, Somerset. Wingfield was exempted from National Service due to poor eyesight and had various office jobs in the East End before joining the Petrofina oil

"Michael Jeter"
Award for his performance in the Broadway musical ""Grand Hotel"". He won an Emmy Award in 1992 for his role in the television sitcom ""Evening Shade"" as math teacher and assistant football coach Herman Stiles. Also, Outer Critics Circle Award, Drama Desk Award, and the Clarence Derwent Prize. Jeter was openly gay and met his partner, Sean Blue, in 1995; they remained together until Jeter's death in 2003. On March 30, 2003, Jeter was found dead in his Hollywood home at the age of 50. Although he was HIV positive, he had been in good health for many years. His

"Sean Sasser"
of mesothelioma, though studies suggest that ""chronic immunosuppression enhances susceptibility to mesothelioma."" He died at his home on August 7, 2013, at the age of 44. In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated, and his ashes spread upon places he had been or wished to visit. He is survived by his husband, Michael, mother, Patricia, and his sister, a dancer who lives in Detroit with her husband and daughter. Sasser's relationship with Zamora is credited with breaking a taboo against showing two men in a loving, stable relationship on television. """" cast member Dan Renzi, himself openly gay,

"Jack Nance"
a visible ""crescent shaped bruise"" under his eye; and, when asked about it, he related to them the story about a brawl outside a Winchell's Donuts store on the morning of December 29. He described the incident as, ""I told off some kid. I guess I got what I deserved."" He soon went home, complaining of a headache. The injuries he received caused a subdural hematoma, resulting in his death the following morning. Nance died alone in his apartment. His body was discovered on the bathroom floor by Bulgarini. An autopsy revealed that the actor's blood alcohol level was 0.24%

involved in a romance with one of the medical interns. Young played the role of Al Gough, an FBI agent, in the ABC television drama ""FlashForward"". He was written off the show in episode 7, when his character committed suicide to prevent the death of an innocent civilian. His last acting role was playing Barry Frost, partner of Jane Rizzoli (Angie Harmon) on the TNT drama ""Rizzoli & Isles"", and he made an appearance on the Fox drama ""The Good Guys"" as the brother and business partner of an arms dealer. Young graduated with Honors from the University of Southern

"Kevin Corcoran"
(1966–1967), starring Barry Sullivan. Kevin Corcoran and his wife, Laura Soltwedel, were married from 1972, until his death on October 6, 2015. Corcoran was diagnosed with colorectal cancer at age sixty. He died from this illness at age sixty-six on October 6, 2015. His remains were cremated by the Neptune Society. His ashes were sprinkled into the Pacific Ocean ten days later. Kevin Corcoran was honored as a Disney Legend on October 9, 2006. Among the other recipients at the 2006 ceremony were the two lead actors in Corcoran's ""Spin and Marty"" serials, Tim Considine and David Stollery, and Corcoran's

"Robert Funaro"
Robert Funaro Robert Funaro (born January 23, 1959) is an Italian-American film and television actor. Funaro is best known for the role of Eugene Pontecorvo in the Emmy Award-winning television series ""The Sopranos"". His last episode on ""The Sopranos"", ""Members Only,"" in which he played a major role, won an Emmy award for Best Writing in a Drama Series in 2006 for producer/writer Terence Winter. He also appeared in the 2007 film ""American Gangster"" as Detective McCann and in 2012 appeared in ""Whistle Blower"" the 10th episode of the 2nd season of the CBS show ""Blue Bloods"" as NYPD Captain

"An Early Frost"
Rowlands. Michael Pierson, a successful lawyer, suffers a bad coughing jag at work and is rushed to the hospital. There he learns from a doctor that he has been exposed to HIV. At home, he receives another piece of disturbing news: his lover, Peter (D. W. Moffett), confesses that he had sex outside the relationship because Michael is a workaholic and is living in the closet. Michael, in a rage, throws Peter out of the house. He then travels to his parents' home to inform them that he is gay and has AIDS. Michael's father, Nick (Ben Gazzara), is a

"Brian Goodman"
on ""Rizzoli & Isles"" led to him becoming a main cast member starting with the season 3 premiere. Goodman departed the main cast at the end of season 4, but has since made 3 guest appearances in season 5. He did not appear in seasons 6 or 7. Goodman's debut film, ""Black Butterfly"" was released in 2017. Brian Goodman Brian Goodman (born June 1, 1963) is an American film and television director, writer, and actor. At 12, Goodman quit school and started living on the streets. He sold drugs, married young, and served time in prison for his criminal activity.

"Lynyrd Skynyrd"
1977, the band boarded a chartered Convair CV-240 bound for Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where they were scheduled to appear at LSU the following night. After running out of fuel they attempted an emergency landing before crashing in a heavily forested area five miles northeast of Gillsburg, Mississippi. Ronnie Van Zant and Steve Gaines, along with backup singer Cassie Gaines (Steve's older sister), assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary, and co-pilot William Gray were killed on impact; other band members (Collins, Rossington, Wilkeson, Powell, Pyle, and Hawkins), tour manager Ron Eckerman, and several road crew suffered serious injuries. The

"Cal Poly football team C-46 crash"
Cal Poly football team C-46 crash The Cal Poly football team C-46 crash occurred on October 29, 1960, at 22:02 EST near Toledo, Ohio. A twin-engine C-46 propliner, registration N1244N, operated as a domestic charter flight by Arctic Pacific, carrying the Cal Poly Mustangs college football team, crashed during takeoff at the Toledo Express Airport, southwest of Toledo. The aircraft, a veteran of World War II, broke in two and caught fire on impact. Of the 48 on board, 22 were killed, including both pilots, 16 players, a student manager, and a Cal Poly football booster. The Civil Aeronautics Board

"1961 President Airlines Douglas DC-6 crash"
1961 President Airlines Douglas DC-6 crash The 1961 President Airlines Douglas DC-6 crash occurred on the night of September 10, 1961, when a President Airlines Douglas DC-6B named ""Theodore Roosevelt"" outbound from Shannon, Ireland crashed into the nearby River Shannon shortly after takeoff, killing all 83 people on board. To date, the crash remains the deadliest one in Irish territory, as well as the third-deadliest involving a DC-6 after LAN Chile Flight 107 and Olympic Airways Flight 954. The aircraft involved in the accident was a Douglas DC-6B registered N90773. It first flew in 1953 and was powered by four

"1971 RAF Hercules crash"
1971 RAF Hercules crash On 9 November 1971, a Royal Air Force Lockheed Hercules C.1 crashed into the sea off the coast of Livorno by Meloria shoal, Italy, killing all 46 passengers and 6 crew. At the time it was described by Italian officials as the worst military air disaster in Italy in peacetime. The Hercules serial number ""XV216"", from RAF Lyneham in Wiltshire, was due to carry out an early morning parachute drop at Cagliari, Sardinia, as part of a large-scale joint training exercise called ""Coldstream"". Ten aircraft were to be involved; nine Hercules and one Hawker Siddeley Andover.

"Aer Lingus Flight 712"
Aer Lingus Flight 712 Aer Lingus Flight 712 crashed en route from Cork to London on 24 March 1968 killing all 61 passengers and crew. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount 803 named ""St. Phelim"", crashed into the sea off Tuskar Rock, County Wexford. Although the investigation into the crash lasted two years, a cause was never determined. Causes proposed in several investigative reports include possible impact with birds, a missile or target drone, or mechanical and structural failures. Aer Lingus still uses this flight number for a daily flight from Cork to London Heathrow, contrary to airline convention of discontinuing

use the name Lynyrd Skynyrd again in an effort not to capitalize on the tragedy that had befallen the group. 1977 Mississippi CV-240 crash On October 20, 1977, a Convair CV-240 passenger aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed in a wooded area near Gillsburg, Mississippi. Chartered by the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from L&J Company of Addison, Texas, it was near the end of its flight from Greenville, South Carolina, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Lead vocalist/founding member Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist/vocalist Steve Gaines, backing vocalist Cassie Gaines (Steve's older sister), assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary, and

"TWA Flight 514"
TWA Flight 514 Trans World Airlines Flight 514, registration N54328, was a Boeing 727-231 en route from Indianapolis, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio, to Washington Dulles International that crashed into Mount Weather, Virginia, on Sunday, 1974. All 92 aboard, and seven crew members, were killed. In stormy conditions late in the morning, the aircraft was in controlled flight and impacted a low mountain about northwest of its revised destination. The flight was scheduled for Washington National Airport, but was diverted to Dulles when high crosswinds, east at and gusting to , prevented safe operations on the main north-south runway at Washington

"Allegheny Airlines Flight 485"
Allegheny Airlines Flight 485 Allegheny Airlines Flight 485 was a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight between Washington, D.C. and Newport News, Virginia, United States, with three stop-overs, two in Connecticut and a third in Pennsylvania. On June 7, 1971, the Allegheny Airlines Convair CV-580 operating the flight crashed on approach to Tweed New Haven Regional Airport, New Haven County, Connecticut. The accident was notable in that all but one person survived the initial impact, however 27 people died in the subsequent fire, after failing to open the emergency exit. Only the first officer and 2 passengers survived. Poor visibility in

"2007 Blue Angels South Carolina crash"
2007 Blue Angels South Carolina crash The 2007 Blue Angels South Carolina crash occurred on April 21, 2007, when the Number 6 US Navy Blue Angels jet crashed during the final minutes of an air show at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in Beaufort, South Carolina. The sole fatality was the pilot, Lieutenant Commander Kevin ""Kojak"" Davis. The body of the pilot and the flight recorder were recovered and moved to the local coroner's office. Eight nearby residents were injured by flying debris. A report was released on January 15, 2008, ending the investigation by the Navy into the

Scouting
as of 2006 10 million registered Guides around the world, from 216 countries and territories. Fifteen years passed between the first publication of ""Scouting for Boys"" and the creation of the current largest supranational Scout organization, WOSM, and millions of copies had been sold in dozens of languages. By that point, Scouting was the purview of the world's youth, and several Scout associations had already formed in many countries. Alternative groups have formed since the original formation of the Scouting ""Boy Patrols"". They can be a result of groups or individuals who maintain that the WOSM and WAGGGS are more

Scouting
Scouting organization recognized by Baden-Powell. The first Scout rally, held in 1909 at The Crystal Palace in London, attracted 10,000 boys and a number of girls. By 1910, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Malaya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States had Boy Scouts. The program initially focused on boys aged 11 to 18, but as the movement grew, the need became apparent for leader training and programs for younger boys, older boys, and girls. The first Cub Scout and Rover Scout programs were in place by the late 1910s. They operated independently until they

Scouting
political and less youth-based than envisioned by Lord Baden-Powell. They believe that Scouting in general has moved away from its original intent because of political machinations that happen to longstanding organizations, and want to return to the earliest, simplest methods. Others do not want to follow all the original ideals of Scouting but still desire to participate in Scout-like activities. In 2008, there were at least 539 independent Scouting organizations around the world, 367 of them were a member of either WAGGGS or WOSM. About half of the remaining 172 Scouting organizations are only local or national oriented. About 90

"World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts"
stereotypes and to give girls and young women the confidence to take their place in society. Other Member Organizations prefer to work with mixed groups to enable young women and young men equal partnership within their units. Some Organizations choose to mix co-educational and single sex approaches according to the age and the preferences of the young people. The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts has five regions: Europe, Arab, Africa, Asia and Western Hemisphere. WAGGGS operates four World Centres that offer training programmes, activities and lodging for girls and leaders, as well as members of some other

Scouting
Scouts Association and, later, The Girl Guides. By the time of The Boy Scouts Association's first census in 1910, it had over 100,000 Scouts. ""Scouting for Boys"" was published in England later in 1908 in book form. The book is now the fourth-bestselling title of all time, and was the basis for the later American version of the ""Boy Scout Handbook"". At the time, Baden-Powell intended that the scheme would be used by established organizations, in particular the Boys' Brigade, from the founder William A. Smith. However, because of the popularity of his person and the adventurous outdoor games he

Scouting
or province, depending on the structure of the national organization. Commissioners work with lay teams and professionals. Training teams and related functions are often formed at these levels. In the UK and in other countries, the national Scout organization appoints the Chief Scout, the most senior uniformed member. Following its foundation in the United Kingdom, Scouting spread around the globe. The first association outside the British Empire was founded in Chile in May 21, 1909 after a visit to Baden Powell. In most countries of the world, there is now at least one Scouting (or Guiding) organization. Each is independent,

"Boy Scouts of the United Nations"
had 48 members. It became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1950. One troop of the Boy Scouts of the United Nations took part in the 7th World Scout Jamboree in Bad Ischl. The Boy Scouts of the United Nations took part in the Jubilee Jamboree in 1957. Also, children of diplomatic and commercial representatives of East bloc countries were members of the Boy Scouts of the United Nations. Scouting and Guiding maintain close relations with the United Nations today, as with the work of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, World Organization

of Lehman College in the Bronx in 1946 and briefly in the NY State Pavilion of the 1939 World's Fair in Flushing Meadows park, the body met the longest at the Sperry Gyroscope facility in Lake Success, New York, from 1947-1952, before their headquarters building was opened on Manhattan's east side in 1952. The many of the international delegations employee's families were mostly housed in an area of Queens called Parkway Village, located at the intersection of the Grand Central Parkway and the Long Island Expressway. Within this community was Public School 117. It was at this school that UN

Scouting
WOSM member National Scout Organizations (representing 155 countries), 122 belonged only to WOSM, and 34 belonged to both WOSM and WAGGGS. Of the 122 which belonged only to WOSM, 95 were open to boys and girls in some or all program sections, and 20 were only for boys. All 34 that belonged to both WOSM and WAGGGS were open to boys and girls. WAGGGS had 144 Member Organizations in 2007 and 110 of them belonged only to WAGGGS. Of these 110, 17 were coeducational and 93 admitted only girls. As of 2010, there are over 32 million registered Scouts and

"World Organization of the Scout Movement"
Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile Russian Scout group as the ""Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries"" on 30 August 1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a ""National Movement on Foreign Soil"" on 30 April 1929. The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959. The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with

"American Horror Story: Roanoke"
American Horror Story: Roanoke American Horror Story: Roanoke is the sixth season of the FX horror anthology television series ""American Horror Story"". It premiered on September 14, 2016, marking the first time the series has debuted outside of October, and concluded on November 16, 2016. Returning cast members from previous seasons include: Kathy Bates, Sarah Paulson, Lily Rabe, Denis O'Hare, Wes Bentley, Evan Peters, Cheyenne Jackson, Angela Bassett, Adina Porter, Lady Gaga, Leslie Jordan, Frances Conroy, Finn Wittrock, Robin Weigert and Taissa Farmiga, along with new cast members Cuba Gooding Jr. and André Holland. Paulson also reprised her role as

"American Horror Story"
on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November

Patrick March and the original hotelier of the Hotel Cortez. In February 2016, Angela Bassett confirmed she would return to join the main cast of the sixth season during an interview with Larry King. Denis O'Hare announced that he will also appear in the season in a May 2016 interview. In June 2016, Cheyenne Jackson, Evan Peters, Wes Bentley, and Kathy Bates announced their returns for the sixth season. In August 2016, Sarah Paulson announced that she would return to the series in the sixth season and Ryan Murphy announced that Oscar winner Cuba Gooding Jr. had joined the main

colony of 117 people, in Roanoke, North Carolina, that disappeared without a trace, and the only clue left was the carving – the name being a nearby island and tribe of Native Americans. Later, ""TMZ"" unveiled more set photos from an unknown California forest. The marketing campaign for the season was one of mystery. On June 6, 2016, all of the series' social media pages displayed a teaser image of a red number six, with a question mark superimposed. Little was known about plot details or casting before the premiere, which seems to be a deliberate ploy of publicity. The

January 2016, FX president John Landgraf revealed that the season will be ""principally set in the present"", with a dual timeline in ""echoes of the past"". He also confirmed a fall 2016 premiere. At the 2016 PaleyFest, Murphy divulged that the two previous ideas [the writers] had been considering had been merged into season six, saying it will involve children and operatic themes. The season will consist of 10 episodes, the least in a given cycle, in the show's history; with the finale scheduled to air November 16, 2016. On September 1, 2016, it was reported by ""Entertainment Weekly"" that

around one of the last remaining American freak shows and their struggle for survival. The fifth season, subtitled """", takes place in Los Angeles, California, during the year 2015, and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel. The sixth season, subtitled """", takes place in North Carolina during the years 2014–2016, and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse haunted by the deceased Roanoke colony. The seventh season, subtitled """", takes place in the fictional suburb of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, during the year 2017, and centers on a cult terrorizing the residents

rumored to be involved with the season in some form. Murphy later confirmed Farmiga would appear late in the season. In February 2016, Angela Bassett confirmed her return to the series during an interview on ""Larry King Now"", being the first cast member added to the season 6 roster. She portrays Monet Tumusiime, a re-enactor of the documentary's horrific events. At PaleyFest, Murphy invited Kathy Bates, Denis O'Hare, Sarah Paulson, Finn Wittrock, Cheyenne Jackson, Wes Bentley, and Matt Bomer to return to the show for its sixth season. In May 2016, Jessica Lange stated, in an interview with Charlie Rose,

the co-lead of the ""My Roanoke Nightmare"" documentary. In September 2016, ""Glee"" alum Jacob Artist announced his involvement with the sixth season. On the same month, the main casting was announced after the first episode with the addition of André Holland and series veteran Lily Rabe portraying the real-life couple, Matt Miller (Lee's brother) and his wife Shelby from the documentary's interviews. Adina Porter, after a small guest appearance on an episode of the first series, portrayed the real Lee Harris. In March 2016, the series received a major tax credit for filming of the season in Los Angeles, California.

joined the fifth season's cast along with series newcomer Cheyenne Jackson during PaleyFest 2015. Chloë Sevigny and Wes Bentley were promoted as main cast members, after they appear as recurring special guests in ""Asylum"" and ""Freak Show"" respectively. Murphy later announced the returns of Kathy Bates, Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters and Angela Bassett. In June 2015, it was announced Denis O'Hare would also return for the fifth season. In August 2015, Murphy announced the character roles for the cast: Gaga's Elizabeth Johnson also known as ""The Countess"", a fashionista vampire who owns the Hotel Cortez; Jackson's Will Drake, a desperate

"Supernatural (season 6)"
Supernatural (season 6) The sixth season of ""Supernatural"", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered September 24, 2010, and concluded May 20, 2011, airing 22 episodes. This is the first season to have Sera Gamble as showrunner after the full-time departure of Kripke. The sixth season had an average viewership of 2.27 million U.S. viewers. The season begins a year after the happenings of the previous season finale with Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) living a happy and normal life. Mysteriously, Sam Winchester (Jared Padalecki) is freed from Lucifer's cage in Hell and teams up with Dean,

"Super Fighter"
Super Fighter Super Fighter (in Chinese: 快打至尊) is a fighting game for IBM-PC systems running MS-DOS. It was developed by C&E, Inc. of Taiwan, and first released in Taiwan on February 20, 1993. An English version of the game was also released, albeit in much shorter supply, under the name Fatal Encounter. The game's plot centers on a drug broker and his murderous minions who claim ownership of the world's combined freedom. Showing their true menace by murdering top ranking government officials, they send a shockwave of fear across the United Nations. Eight heroes, trained to readiness, accept the challenge

SuperPower
SuperPower SuperPower is a 2002 political simulation computer game. SuperPower was designed by GolemLabs and published by DreamCatcher Interactive, debuting on March 28, 2002 for Microsoft Windows. ""SuperPower 2"" was released in 2004. The start of play is set during the first week of January 1997, with the player assuming the role of the newly appointed leader of one of 140 controllable nations. Players are given complete command over their nation from the use of thermonuclear weapons, to the level of taxes, to what kind of government is in control, to sending secret service operatives to conduct covert missions. ""SuperPower""

"Super J-Cup"
tournament took a five-year hiatus before returning in 2000 (this time hosted by Michinoku Pro Wrestling). Since that time, the tournament has only taken place three times (in 2004, 2009, and 2016). The original Super J-Cup, held in 1994, is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestling shows of all time. Dave Meltzer, editor of the ""Wrestling Observer Newsletter"", called the 1994 Super J-Cup ""the most incredible single night of wrestling ever"". The inaugural Super J-Cup tournament was hosted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling. The event took place on April 16, 1994, at Sumo Hall in Tokyo, Japan. The

"Global StarCraft II League"
of IPL, the partner program between the two is now finished. Since 2013, the GSL took over as the Korean part of the World Championship Series created by Blizzard Entertainment. The 2010 Open Seasons were the first tournaments for the GSL, featuring three initial events with an overall prize pool of 600 million Korean Won (approximately 500,000 USD) and a prize of 100 million Won for the winner. These attracted worldwide attention as they featured the largest prize pool in the history of e-Sports. The purpose of the Open Seasons was to sort the players into Code S and Code

"Dragon Quest"
not renewed. A second anime series, """", based on the manga of the same name, was produced by Toei Animation. It ran for 46 episodes from October 17, 1991 to September 24, 1992. On April 20, 1996, a film titled ""Dragon Quest Saga – The Crest of Roto"" was released. In most ""Dragon Quest"" games, players control a character or party of characters that can walk into towns and buy weapons, armor, and items to defeat monsters outside of the towns: on the world map or in a dungeon. However, in the original ""Dragon Quest"", there was only one character

crashing back to the desktop even when all the computer requirements have been met, and the country's budget suddenly crashing. SuperPower SuperPower is a 2002 political simulation computer game. SuperPower was designed by GolemLabs and published by DreamCatcher Interactive, debuting on March 28, 2002 for Microsoft Windows. ""SuperPower 2"" was released in 2004. The start of play is set during the first week of January 1997, with the player assuming the role of the newly appointed leader of one of 140 controllable nations. Players are given complete command over their nation from the use of thermonuclear weapons, to the level

"Joey Huffman"
Joey Huffman Joseph Rodney Huffman (born August 4, 1962) is an American musician. Primarily known as a keyboard and organ player, Huffman has performed with many artists, both in the studio and live. He was a member of Witness, Drivin' N Cryin', and the Georgia Satellites. Joey has recorded on over 125 records as a musician and producer/engineer during his career including Bowling for Soup's ""A Hangover You Don't Deserve"", Skinny Molly's ""Here For A Good Time"", Miranda Lambert' ""Kerosene"", Soul Asylum's ""Let Your Dim Light Shine"", ""After the Flood: Live from Grand Forks Prom"", ""Black Gold: The Best of

"Karma Chameleon"
of standing up for one thing. It's about trying to suck up to everybody. Basically, if you aren't true, if you don't act like you feel, then you get Karma-justice, that's nature's way of paying you back."" In response to claims from singer-songwriter Jimmy Jones that the song plagiarizes his hit ""Handy Man"", George stated, ""I might have heard it once, but it certainly wasn't something I sat down and said, 'Yeah, I want to copy this.'"" The harmonica part was played by Judd Lander, who had been a member of Merseybeat group The Hideaways in the 1960s. The song

"Patrick Wilson (musician)"
The Special Goodness, for which he writes songs, performs vocals, and plays the majority of the instruments. The band has released several albums, and Wilson himself has made songs available on his website in the past. Almost immediately after Weezer's initial success, Wilson played drums on The Rentals' first record ""Return of the Rentals"" but never toured with the band. Wilson and Weezer guitarist Brian Bell collaborated on a cover of the Velvet Underground song ""Heroin"" for the 2006 film ""Factory Girl"". Additionally, Wilson and Bell were given small roles in the film as John Cale and Lou Reed, respectively.

"Sympathy for the Devil"
on their ""Greatest Hits"" album. This cover is noteworthy for causing an incident involving incoming guitarist, Paul ""Huge"" Tobias, that was partially responsible for guitarist Slash departing from the band in 1996. Slash has described the Guns N' Roses version of the song as ""the sound of the band breaking up"". Rhythm guitarist Gilby Clarke, who does not appear on the recording, noted that the recording foreshadowed his departure from the band: Sympathy for the Devil ""Sympathy for the Devil"" is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones, written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. It is the

he produces. Joey was inducted into The Georgia Music Hall Of Fame with Drivin n Cryin on September 26, 2015. Joey Huffman Joseph Rodney Huffman (born August 4, 1962) is an American musician. Primarily known as a keyboard and organ player, Huffman has performed with many artists, both in the studio and live. He was a member of Witness, Drivin' N Cryin', and the Georgia Satellites. Joey has recorded on over 125 records as a musician and producer/engineer during his career including Bowling for Soup's ""A Hangover You Don't Deserve"", Skinny Molly's ""Here For A Good Time"", Miranda Lambert' ""Kerosene"",

"Lenny and the Squigtones"
credited guitar work by future Spinal Tap member Nigel Tufnel (Christopher Guest). A photo on the inside cover also includes two band members, ""Murph"", the keyboard player from The Blues Brothers, and ""Ming the Merciless"", purported to be Kiss drummer Peter Criss without his famous ""cat"" costume and make-up, though Criss denies it was him. McKean has confirmed that the drummer in the photograph is actually Don Poncher. Lenny and the Squigtones Lenny and the Squigtones is a fictional musical group headed by Michael McKean and David Lander, the two actors who played the characters Lenny and Squiggy on the

"Chris Wyse"
at New York sporting events; it is played when the New York Giants score and when the New York Mets win. Wyse joined the Hollywood Vampires in 2018. A supergroup that includes Joe Perry, Alice Cooper, and Johnny Depp, Wyse began a world tour with the band in May. Chris Wyse Chris Wyse (born July 15, 1969) is an American bassist and vocalist, known for his performances with Ace Frehley, The Cult, Ozzy Osbourne, Mick Jagger, Tal Bachman and Jerry Cantrell, among others. Wyse has played with The Cult from 2006 to 2015, and is the vocalist and bassist for

"Glenn Unger"
Glenn Unger Glenn Richard Unger (born July 27, 1951), also known as Dr. Sam Kennedy, is a former child star and convicted tax defrauder associated with the antigovernment Redemption movement. As a child, Unger appeared as Winthrop Paroo in ""The Music Man"" on Broadway, and starred alongside his sister, Ronnie, in a Broadway tribute to Fred Astaire, for which he was complimented by Astaire for his performance. He later became an orthodontist. According to ""The Christian Science Monitor"", a Unger became a key figure in the Redemption movement using the name Sam Kennedy. He hosted a program titled “Take No

"Doug Hutchison"
Doug Hutchison Doug Anthony Hutchison (born May 26, 1960) is an American character actor, known for playing disturbing and antagonistic characters. Such characters include Obie Jameson in the 1988 film ""The Chocolate War"", Sproles in the 1988 film ""Fresh Horses"", the sadistic corrections officer Percy Wetmore in the 1999 film adaptation of Stephen King's ""The Green Mile"", Eugene Victor Tooms on the series ""The X-Files"", and Horace Goodspeed in ""Lost"". He has a production company, Dark Water Inc. In 2011, at the age of 51, he received widespread criticism when he married 16-year-old singer Courtney Stodden. Hutchison was born in

"Tim Robbins"
Tim Robbins Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, and musician. He is well known for his portrayal of Andy Dufresne in the prison drama film ""The Shawshank Redemption"" (1994). His other roles include Nuke LaLoosh in ""Bull Durham"", Jacob Singer in ""Jacob's Ladder"", Griffin Mill in ""The Player"", and Dave Boyle in ""Mystic River"", for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and for directing such films as ""Dead Man Walking"" and ""Bob Roberts"", both of which received critical acclaim. He received a nomination for the Academy Award for

"If a tree falls in a forest"
no longer than while there is somebody by to perceive them."" (It is worth noting that the quote from section 45 is arguably a statement of an ""objection"" to Berkeley's view, and not a proclamation of it.) Nevertheless, Berkeley never actually wrote about the question. Some years later, a similar question is posed. It is unknown whether the source of this question is Berkeley or not. In June 1883 in the magazine ""The Chautauquan"", the question was put, ""If a tree were to fall on an island where there were no human beings would there be any sound?"" They then

of deforestation. Washington-state-based wilderness conservatory Northwest Trek used a shortened form of the quote in its mid-1970s television advertisement, as such: ""There is no sound unless someone is there to see it or hear it. Experience it at Northwest Trek."" The quote also forms the bridge of the protagonist's solo number ""Waving Through A Window"" in the musical ""Dear Evan Hansen"", in line with the tree motif essential to the plot. The song itself discusses a feeling of isolation through fear of failing in social interactions, as a part of the main character's social anxiety disorder. If a tree falls

it does, thus giving the entire riddle the status of a kind of an infallible conjecture—one that cannot be either proved or disproved. The current phrasing appears to have originated in the 1910 book ""Physics"" by Charles Riborg Mann and George Ransom Twiss. The question ""When a tree falls in a lonely forest, and no animal is near by to hear it, does it make a sound? Why?"" is posed along with many other questions to quiz readers on the contents of the chapter, and as such, is posed from a purely physical point of view. Can something exist without

"The Boy Who Cried Wolf"
against real ones?"" The Boy Who Cried Wolf The Boy Who Cried Wolf is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 210 in the Perry Index. From it is derived the English idiom ""to cry wolf"", defined as ""to give a false alarm"" in ""Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable"" and glossed by the ""Oxford English Dictionary"" as meaning to make false claims, with the result that subsequent true claims are disbelieved. The tale concerns a shepherd boy who repeatedly tricks nearby villagers into thinking wolves are attacking his flock. When a wolf actually does appear and the boy again calls for

The Boy Who Cried Wolf The Boy Who Cried Wolf is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 210 in the Perry Index. From it is derived the English idiom ""to cry wolf"", defined as ""to give a false alarm"" in ""Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable"" and glossed by the ""Oxford English Dictionary"" as meaning to make false claims, with the result that subsequent true claims are disbelieved. The tale concerns a shepherd boy who repeatedly tricks nearby villagers into thinking wolves are attacking his flock. When a wolf actually does appear and the boy again calls for help, the villagers

If a tree falls in a forest ""If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?"" is a philosophical thought experiment that raises questions regarding observation and perception. Philosopher George Berkeley, in his work, ""A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge"" (1710), proposes, ""But, say you, surely there is nothing easier than for me to imagine trees, for instance, in a park [...] and nobody by to perceive them. [...] The objects of sense exist only when they are perceived; the trees therefore are in the garden [...]

"Hind Etin"
Hind Etin ""Hind Etin"" (Roud 33, Child 41) is a folk ballad existing in several variants. Lady Margaret goes to the woods, and her breaking a branch is questioned by Hind Etin, who takes her with him into the forest. She bears him seven sons, but laments that they are never christened, nor she herself churched. One day, her oldest son goes hunting with Hind Etin and asks him why his mother always weeps. Hind Etin tells him, and then one day goes hunting without him. The oldest son takes his mother and brothers and brings them out of the

Wolf
on the concerns of Ancient Greece's settled, sheep-herding world. His most famous is the fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf, which is directed at those who knowingly raise false alarms, and from which the idiomatic phrase ""to cry wolf"" is derived. Some of his other fables concentrate on maintaining the trust between shepherds and guard dogs in their vigilance against wolves, as well as anxieties over the close relationship between wolves and dogs. Although Aesop used wolves to warn, criticize and moralize about human behavior, his portrayals added to the wolf's image as a deceitful and dangerous animal. Isengrim

senses through the mechanism of the ear, and recognized as sound only at our nerve centers. The falling of the tree or any other disturbance will produce vibration of the air. If there be no ears to hear, there will be no sound."" Albert Einstein is reported to have asked his fellow physicist and friend Niels Bohr, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics, whether he realistically believed that 'the moon does not exist if nobody is looking at it.' To this Bohr replied that however hard he (Einstein) may try, he would not be able to prove that

of perception (as common sense would dictate), then it will produce sound waves. However, these sound waves will not actually ""sound"" like anything. Sound as it is mechanically understood will occur, but sound as it is understood by sensation will not occur. So then, how is it known that 'sound as it is mechanically understood' will occur if that sound is not perceived? Canadian songwriter, social activist and environmentalist Bruce Cockburn poses the question in the chorus of his 1989 song ""If a Tree Falls"" and frames it with his lyrics as a pressing question regarding the cause and effect

"Abanindranath Tagore"
Abanindranath Tagore Abanindranath Tagore CIE (অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর) (7 August 1871 – 5 December 1951) was the principal artist and creator of the ""Indian Society of Oriental Art"". He was also the first major exponent of Swadeshi values in Indian art, thereby founding the influential Bengal school of art, which led to the development of modern Indian painting He was also a noted writer, particularly for children. Popularly known as 'Aban Thakur', his books ""Rajkahini, Budo Angla, Nalak,"" and ""Khirer Putul"" are landmarks in Bengali language children's literature. Tagore sought to modernise Mughal and Rajput styles to counter the influence of

"The Asiatic Society"
Museum of Calcutta was established in 1814, the Society handed over most of its valuable collections to it. The Society however still has a museum of its own which possesses a rock edict of Asoka (c. 250 BCE) and a significant collection of copper plate inscriptions, coins, sculptures, manuscripts and archival records. Some masterpieces, like Joshua Reynolds’ ""Cupid asleep on Cloud "", Guido Cagnacci's ""Cleopatra"", Thomas Daniell's ""A Ghat at Benares"" and Peter Paul Rubens’ ""Infant Christ"" are also in the possession of this museum. The Asiatic Society The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on

"All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society"
All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society The All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS) is an independent arts organisation in India, founded in Delhi in 1928. In the decade after Indian independence, many of its functions were transferred to three national academies: Lalit Kala Akademi, Sangeet Natak Akademi and Sahitya Akademi for the fields of visual arts, theatre arts and literature. AIFACS organises art exhibitions and makes awards to artists across the country. Among the most prominent artists exhibited in the 1940s were Amrita Sher-Gil, Sailoz Mookherjea and Manishi Dey. Many other followed in the long history of

"Indian art"
of Abanindranath Tagore (1871—1951), who has been referred to as the father of Modern Indian art. Other artists of the Tagore family, such as Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) and Gaganendranath Tagore (1867–1938) as well as new artists of the early 20th century such as Amrita Sher-Gil (1913–1941) were responsible for introducing Avant-garde western styles into Indian Art. Many other artists like Jamini Roy and later S.H. Raza took inspiration from folk traditions. In 1944, K.C.S. Paniker founded the Progressive Painters' Association (PPA) thus giving rise to the ""madras movement"" in art. In 1947, India became independent of British rule. A group

"The Asiatic Society of Mumbai"
The Asiatic Society of Mumbai The Asiatic Society of Mumbai (formerly ""Asiatic Society of Bombay"") is a learned society in the field of Asian studies based in Mumbai, India. It can trace its origin to the Literary Society of Bombay which first met in Mumbai on November 26, 1804, and was founded by Sir James Mackintosh. It was formed with the intention of ""promoting useful knowledge, particularly such as is now immediately connected with India"". After the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was established in London in 1823, the Literary Society of Bombay became affiliated with it

"Bengal School of Art"
Bengal School of Art The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal, primarily Kolkata and Shantiniketan, and flourished throughout India during the British Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led by Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by British arts administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development

ruins still remain. Although Islamic footholds in India were made as early as the first half of the 10th century, it wasn't until the Mughal Empire that one observes emperors with a patronage for the fine arts. Emperor Humayun, during his reestablishment of the Delhi Sultanate in 1555, brought with him Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd al-Samad, two of the finest painters from Persian Shah Tahmasp's renowned atelier. During the reign of Akbar (1556—1605), the number of painters grew from around 30 during the creation of the ""Hamzanama"" in the mid-1560s, to around 130 by the mid 1590s. According to

of six artists - K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and Francis Newton Souza - founded the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group in the year 1952, to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, Manishi Dey, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, K. G. Subramanyan, A. Ramachandran,

"Indian painting"
after India became independent in 1947, was intended to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. The founders were six eminent artists – K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and F. N. Souza, though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, Manishi Dey, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Akbar

"History of Asian art"
state. Other examples are the frescoes of Ajanta and Ellora Caves. The contributions of the Mughal Empire to Indian art include Mughal painting, a style of miniature painting heavily influenced by Persian miniatures, and Mughal architecture. During the British Raj, modern Indian painting evolved as a result of combining traditional Indian and European styles. Raja Ravi Varma was a pioneer of this period. The Bengal school of Art developed during this period, led by Abanidranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Jamini Roy, Mukul Dey and Nandalal Bose. One of the most popular art forms in India is called Rangoli. It is a

Lingam
Lingam A lingam (Sanskrit: लिङ्गम्, , lit. ""sign, symbol or mark""), sometimes referred to as ""linga"" or ""Shiva linga"", is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu deity Shiva in Shaivism. It is a votary symbol revered in temples, smaller shrines, or as self-manifested natural objects. The lingam is often represented within a lipped, disc-shaped platform called a yoni that symbolizes goddess Shakti. Lingayats wear a lingam inside a necklace, called Ishtalinga. Lingam is additionally found in ancient Sanskrit texts with the meaning of ""evidence, proof"", or in sexual context where it means the ""male generative organ, phallus"". Lingam

Lingodbhava
Lingodbhava Lingodbhava ""(""emergence of the Linga"")"" is an iconic representation of Hindu god Shiva, commonly seen in the South Indian Hindu temples. The icon depicts the legend of the origin of the linga, Shiva's aniconic representation that is often in his worship. The tale of Lingodbhava is found in various ""puranas"", augments the synthesis of the old cults of pillar and worship. The earliest literary evidence of the iconic representation is found in the 7th century works of Shaiva saints Appar and Thirugnana Sambandar. Once, while the deities Vishnu and Brahma contested for superiority, Shiva appeared as a flame, and

comprehended by Brahma and Vishnu. Lingodbhava Lingodbhava ""(""emergence of the Linga"")"" is an iconic representation of Hindu god Shiva, commonly seen in the South Indian Hindu temples. The icon depicts the legend of the origin of the linga, Shiva's aniconic representation that is often in his worship. The tale of Lingodbhava is found in various ""puranas"", augments the synthesis of the old cults of pillar and worship. The earliest literary evidence of the iconic representation is found in the 7th century works of Shaiva saints Appar and Thirugnana Sambandar. Once, while the deities Vishnu and Brahma contested for superiority, Shiva

Lingam
passing year. Sidheshvar Nath Temple's shivling is also a natural rock lingam in Arunachal Pradesh. It is believed to be the tallest natural lingam. Lingam A lingam (Sanskrit: लिङ्गम्, , lit. ""sign, symbol or mark""), sometimes referred to as ""linga"" or ""Shiva linga"", is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu deity Shiva in Shaivism. It is a votary symbol revered in temples, smaller shrines, or as self-manifested natural objects. The lingam is often represented within a lipped, disc-shaped platform called a yoni that symbolizes goddess Shakti. Lingayats wear a lingam inside a necklace, called Ishtalinga. Lingam is additionally

Lingam
particularly for Shakti (Durga), Ganesha and Murugan (Kartikeya). In the Hindu tradition, special pilgrimage sites include those where natural lingams are found in the form of cylindrical rocks or ice or rocky hill. These are called ""Svayambhuva"" lingam, and about 70 of these are known on the Indian subcontinent, the most significant being one in Kashi (Varanasi) followed by Prayaga, Naimisha and Gaya. The historic lingam iconography has included: A lingam may be made of clay (mrinmaya), metal (lohaja), precious stone (ratnaja), wood (daruja), stone (sailaja, most common), or a disposal material (kshanika). The construction method, proportions and design is

Lingam
is smoke, there is fire"" where the linga is the smoke. According to James Lochtefeld, it is sometimes ""simplistically called a phallic symbol"". It is a religious symbol in Hinduism representing Shiva as the generative power, all of existence, all creativity and fertility at every cosmic level. The lingam of the Shaivism tradition is a short cylindrical pillar-like symbol of Shiva, made of stone, metal, gem, wood, clay or disposable material. According to ""Encyclopædia Britannica"", the lingam is a votary aniconic object found in the sanctum of Shiva temples and private shrines that symbolizes Shiva and is ""revered as an

Lingam
sculpted images (murtis) are anthropomorphic or theriomorphic, the aniconic Shiva Linga is an important exception. According to Shaiva Siddhanta, the linga is the ideal substrate in which the worshipper should install and worship the five-faced and ten-armed Sadāśiva, the form of Shiva who is the focal divinity of that school of Shaivism. The various styles of lingam iconography are found on the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. Lingayats, a sect of the Shaivite religious tradition in India, wear a miniaturized linga called the ""istalinga"". Initially known as ""Veerashaivas"" (heroic worshippers of Shiva), since the 18th century adherents of this faith

Lingam
rather the linga-yoni is a symbol of cosmic mysteries, the creative powers and the metaphor for the spiritual truths of their faith. According to Sivaya Subramuniyaswami, the lingam signifies three perfections of Shiva. The upper oval part of the Shivalingam represent Parashiva and lower part of the Shivalingam called the pitha represents Parashakti. In Parashiva perfection, Shiva is the absolute reality, the timeless, formless and spaceless. In Parashakti perfection, Shiva is all-pervasive, pure consciousness, power and primal substance of all that exists and it has form unlike Parashiva which is formless. According to Nagendra Singh, some believe linga-worship was a

Mukhalinga
Mukhalinga In Hindu iconography, Mukhalinga or Mukhalingam (literally """"linga with a face"""", ) is a linga with one or more human faces. The linga is an aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva. Mukhalingas may be of stone or can be made of a metal sheath, which covers the normal linga. The mukhalinga generally has one, four or five faces. Mukhalingas having four faces are also regarded to have an invisible fifth face at the top of the linga. The four- and five-faced mukhalingas represent the five aspects of Shiva, which also relate to the classical elements and the cardinal

Lingam
Vedic rituals, where the term meant the sacrificial post which was then idealized as the eternal Brahman. The ""Yupa-Skambha"" gave place in time to the ""Shiva-Linga"", quite possibly with influence from Buddhism's stupa shaped like the top of a stone linga, according to Vivekananda. One of the oldest example of a lingam is found in the Parashurameshwara temple, midst a hilly forest about east of Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh. It is called the Gudimallam and is an active place of Shaiva worship. It has been dated to the 3rd-century BCE, or to the 2ndcentury BCE, and generally accepted to be

"Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)"
Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) The Queen of Hearts is a fictional character from the book ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" by the writer Lewis Carroll. She is a foul-tempered monarch whom Carroll himself describes as ""a blind fury"", and who is quick to give death sentences at the slightest offense. One of her most famous lines is the oft-repeated ""Off with his/her head!"" / ""Off with their heads!"" The Queen is referred to as a card from a pack of playing cards by Alice, yet somehow she is able to talk and is the ruler of the lands

"Alice in the Country of Hearts"
going through violent times—everyone is reckless and uncaring as to who lives or dies, and with a civil war going on everyone in the strange world finds it hard to trust each other with an instinct to kill. Wonderland is split into various countries, with most of the action taking place in the 'Country of Hearts'. It is divided into three main territories: The Castle of Hearts, ruled by Vivaldi (the Queen of Hearts), with assistance from Peter White who serves as Prime Minister, and Ace (the Knight of Hearts), the most skilled swordsman in the Wonderland, who has a

be severed. She is deterred by her comparatively moderate husband by being reminded that Alice is only a child. Generally, however, as we are told by Carroll: One of the Queen's hobbies – besides ordering executions – is croquet; however, it is Wonderland croquet, where the balls are live hedgehogs and the mallets are flamingoes. This is presumably with the aim that the birds' blunt beaks should strike, but, as Alice observes, it is complicated by the fact that they keep looking back up at the players- as well as the hedgehogs' tendency to scuttle away without waiting to be

any direction she desires. In the ""American McGee's Alice"" adaptation of the books, the characters are also conflated, leading to further popular misconception. In the Disney animated feature ""Alice in Wonderland"", the Queen of Hearts appears, as Alice puts it in a moment of temper, as ""a fat, pompous, bad tempered old tyrant"". The character was voiced by Verna Felton. She is portrayed as a haughty sadist, who enjoys decapitating anyone who merely annoys her. Her presence is all the more striking because of how tiny her husband the King is (he barely comes up to her knee). Similar to

terrible sense of direction; Hatter Mansion, home of Wonderland's Mafia, The Hatters, led by Blood Dupre (The Hatter), with help from his second-in-command Elliot March (the March Hare) and the gatekeepers, Tweedledee and Tweedledum (Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum); and the Amusement Park, run by the marquis Mary Gowland (the Duke) with help from a punkish cat, Boris Airay (the Cheshire Cat). All three territories are at war with each other, with the only neutral area being the Clock Tower Plaza in the centre of the Country of Hearts. Alice moves into the Tower and ends up living and helping

in the story, alongside her tiny husband, the King of Hearts. She is often confused with the Red Queen from the sequel, ""Through the Looking-Glass"", although the two are very different. Alice observes three playing cards painting white roses red. They drop to the ground face down at the approach of the Queen of Hearts, whom Alice has never met. When the Queen arrives and asks Alice who is lying on the ground (since the backs of all playing cards look alike), Alice tells her that she does not know. The Queen then becomes frustrated and commands that her head

"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"
is invited (or some might say ordered) to play a game of croquet with the Queen and the rest of her subjects but the game quickly descends into chaos. Live flamingos are used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat. The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him. Because the cat belongs to the Duchess, the Queen is prompted to release the Duchess from prison to resolve the matter.

than being a queen. Indeed, Carroll, in his lifetime, made the distinction of the two Queens by saying: The 1951 animated film ""Alice in Wonderland"" perpetuates the long-standing confusion between the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. In the film, the Queen of Hearts delivers several of the Red Queen's statements, the most notable being based on her ""all the ways about here belong to me"". Both characters say this to suggest importance and possible arrogance, but in the Red Queen's case it has a double meaning since her status as a Chess-queen means that she can move in

is innocent. The Queen challenges them to provide proof of their theory, and with help from the Cheshire Cat, the three are able to do so. The Queen, however, enraged at being proven wrong, orders them executed and Alice imprisoned in a cage on the roof. The three are able to fight off the Queen's guards and destroy the cage controls, but Alice is kidnapped, before they can save her. The Queen orders a search for Alice, and temporarily pardons Sora, Donald and Goofy, requesting that they look for Alice as well. She returns in """", only this time as

the book, Alice meets three cards painting the roses red, since they planted white roses by mistake. When the Queen arrives, she orders those three cards beheaded, then turns her attention to Alice. Refusing to answer her questions with presumption that only she can ask them, she quickly ropes her into a game of croquet. The game ends with the Queen tripping herself over, due to the Cheshire Cat's mischievous antics. The Queen angrily blames Alice for it, but before she can give the order, the King suggests holding a trial for Alice. The Queen, grudgingly, but reasonably, agrees. The

the octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a

"Octet rule"
Octet rule The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas. The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium or magnesium. The valence electrons can be counted using a Lewis electron dot diagram as shown at the right for carbon dioxide. The electrons shared by the two atoms in a covalent bond are counted

twice, once for each atom. In carbon dioxide each oxygen shares four electrons with the central carbon, two (shown in red) from the oxygen itself and two (shown in black) from the carbon. All four of these electrons are counted in both the carbon octet and the oxygen octet. Ionic bonding is common between pairs of atoms, where one of the pair is a metal of low electronegativity (such as sodium) and the second a nonmetal of high electronegativity (such as chlorine). A chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outer electron shell, the first and second shells being filled

attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below). For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s configuration as helium. Some stable molecular radicals (e.g. nitric oxide, NO) obtain octet configurations by means of a three-electron bond which contributes one shared and one unshared electron

this molecule actually contains two three-electron bonds and one normal covalent (two-electron) bond. The octet on each atom then consists of two electrons from each three-electron bond, plus the two electrons of the covalent bond, plus one lone pair of non-bonding electrons. Main-group elements in the third and later rows of the periodic table can form hypercoordinate or hypervalent molecules in which the central main-group atom is bonded to more than four other atoms, such as phosphorus pentachloride, PCl, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF. For example, in PCl, if it is supposed that there are five true covalent bonds in which

to the octet of each bonded atom. In NO, the octet on each atom is completed by four electrons from two two-electron bonds, plus a lone pair of non-bonding electrons on that atom alone. The bond order is 2.5, since each two-electron bond counts as one bond while the three-electron bond has only one shared electron and therefore corresponds to a half-bond. Dioxygen is sometimes represented as obeying the octet rule with a double bond (O=O) containing two pairs of shared electrons. However the ground state of this molecule is paramagnetic, indicating the presence of unpaired electrons. Pauling proposed that

each F is bonded by a covalent bond in four structures and an ionic bond in one structure. Each resonance structure has eight valence electrons on P. A molecular orbital theory description considers the highest occupied molecular orbital to be a non-bonding orbital localized on the five fluorine atoms, in addition to four occupied bonding orbitals, so again there are only eight valence electrons on the phosphorus. The validity of the octet rule for hypervalent molecules is further supported by ab initio molecular orbital calculations, which show that the contribution of d functions to the bonding orbitals is small. Octet

number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent. In 1904 Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule

"Valence electron"
The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behavior. Therefore, elements whose atoms can have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the periodic table of the elements. As a general rule, a main group element (except hydrogen or helium) tends to react to form a closed shell, corresponding to the electron configuration sp. This tendency is called the octet rule, because each bonded atom has eight valence electrons including shared electrons. The most reactive kind of metallic element is an alkali metal of group 1 (e.g., sodium or potassium); this is

of sodium and the electron affinity of chlorine) is small: +495.8 − 328.8 = +167 kJ mol. This energy is easily offset by the lattice energy of sodium chloride: −787.3 kJ mol. This completes the explanation of the octet rule in this case. In the late 19th century it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination

and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the ""rule of eight"", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919 Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the ""cubical octet atom"" and ""octet theory"". The ""octet theory"" evolved into what is now known as the ""octet rule"". The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an sp electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has

Phosphorite
zones are also part of the tidal flat system. The intertidal zone is located within the mean high and low tide levels. It is subject to tidal shifts, which means that it is subaerially exposed once or twice a day. It is not exposed long enough to withhold vegetation. The zone contains both suspension sedimentation and bed load. Estuarine environments: Estuarine environments, or estuaries, are located at the lower parts of rivers that flow into the open sea. Since they are in the seaward section of the drowned valley system they receive sediment from both marine and fluvial sources. These

environments are part of the tidal flat system where the presence of strong wave activity is non-existent. Tidal flat systems are created along open coasts and relatively low wave energy environments. They can also develop on high energy coasts behind barrier islands where they are sheltered from the high energy wave action. Within the tidal flat system, the supratidal zone lies in a very high tide level. However, it can be flooded by extreme tides and cut across by tidal channels. This is also subaerially exposed, but is flooded twice a month by spring tides. Littoral environments/ intertidal zones: Intertidal

"Ocean storage of carbon dioxide"
can be made of its products. Today, seaweed farming made up approximately 25% of the world's aquaculture production and its maximum potential has not been utilised. Currently in the world,seaweeds contributes approximately 16–18.7% of the total marine-vegetation sink. In 2010 there are 19.2 × formula_1 tons of aquatic plants worldwide, 6.8 × formula_1 tons for brown seaweeds; 9.0 × formula_1 tons for red seaweeds; 0.2 × formula_1 tons of green seaweeds; and 3.2 × formula_1 tons of miscellaneous aquatic plants.There is an estimations of 1000 tons of carbon is temporarily sequestered in the ocean, making the sea as an important

organic material. The primary inflow of dissolved phosphorus is from continental weathering, brought out by rivers to the ocean. It is then processed by both micro- and macro-organisms. Diatomaceous plankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton process and dissolve phosphorus in the water. The bones and teeth of certain fish (e.g. anchovies) absorb phosphorus and are later deposited and buried in the ocean sediment. Depending on the pH and salinity levels of the ocean water, organic matter will decay and releases phosphorus from sediment in shallow basins. Bacteria and enzymes dissolve organic matter on the water bottom interface, thus returning phosphorus to the

Piezophile
Piezophile A piezophile, also sometimes called a barophile, is an organism which thrives at high pressures, such as deep sea bacteria or archaea. Piezophile is from the Greek for pressure-lover. They are generally found on ocean floors, where pressure often exceeds 380 atm (38 MPa). Some have been found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean where the maximum pressure is roughly 117 MPa. The high pressures experienced by these organisms can cause the normal fluid cell membrane to become waxy and relatively impermeable to nutrients. The high pressure decreases the ability of the sub-units of multi-subunit proteins to interact.

Phosphonate
Although phosphonates are profoundly cell impermeable, natural product phosphonate antibiotics are effective against a number of organisms, because many bacterial species express Glycerol-3-phosphate and Glucose-6-phosphate importers, which can be hijaked by phosphonate antibiotics. Fosfomycin resistant bacterial strains frequently have mutations that inactivate these transporters; however, such mutations are not maintained in the absence of antibiotic because of the fitness cost they impose. In 1998 the consumption of phosphonates was 56,000 tons worldwide – 40,000 tons in the US, 15,000 tons in Europe and less than 800 tons in Japan. The demand of phosphonates grows steadily at 3% annually. Since the

injection, carbon dioxide hydrate is another popular method for storage. Hydrate formation takes place when the dissolved concentration of liquid carbon dioxide is around 30% and 400 meters below sea level. Hydrates form as an external layer around liquid carbon dioxide droplets or as a solid mass. The molecular composition is composed of carbon dioxide and water, carbon dioxide•nHO (n ≈ 5.75). The resulting density is denser than seawater by approximately 10%. Compared to liquid carbon dioxide, the hydrate form dissolves significantly slower in seawater, at about 0.2 cm/hr as well. Additionally, the hydrate remains immobile on the seafloor and

"Dissolved organic carbon"
spans a range from very labile to very refractory. The labile dissolved organic carbon is mainly produced by marine organisms and is consumed in the surface ocean, and consists of sugars, proteins, and other compounds that are easily used by marine bacteria. The refractory dissolved organic carbon is evenly spread throughout the water column and consists of high molecular weight and structurally complex compounds that are difficult for marine organisms to use such as the lignin, pollen, or humic acids. Therefore, the observed vertical distribution consists of high concentrations in the upper water column and low concentrations at depth. In

has already gone into the oceans. Carbon dioxide is currently emitted at 10 GtC per year and the oceans currently absorb 2.4 Gt carbon dioxide per year. The ocean is an enormous carbon sink with the capacity to hold thousands more gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide. Ocean sequestration has the potential to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations according to some scientists. After atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves into the ocean, the aqueous carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. As carbonic acid continues to interact with water molecules, carbonate is formed, which increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in

Microaerophile
a gas-generating pack and gas exchange. Microaerophile A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than are present in the atmosphere (i.e. <21% O; typically 2–10% O). Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (e.g. 10% CO in the case of ""Campylobacter"" species). Microaerophiles can be cultivated in candle jars. Candle jars are containers into which a lit candle is introduced before sealing the container's airtight lid. The candle's flame burns until extinguished by oxygen deprivation, creating a carbon dioxide-rich, oxygen-poor atmosphere. Other methods of

"The Stanley Hotel"
Stanley Film Festival was put on hiatus in 2016, and canceled for 2017. Bravo's cooking competition, Top Chef, also used the Stanley as a venue for Episode 10 of Season 15, all of which took place in various locations around Colorado. Despite a peaceful early history, in the years following the publication of ""The Shining"", the Stanley Hotel has gained a reputation as a setting for paranormal activity. It has hosted numerous paranormal investigators and appeared in shows such as ""Ghost Hunters"" and ""Ghost Adventures"". The hotel also offers guided ""Ghost Tours"" to guests and visitors which feature spaces reputed

"The Shining (film)"
has become a staple of pop culture. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" Jack Torrance arrives at the mountain-isolated Overlook Hotel, far from town, to be interviewed for the position of winter caretaker. Once hired, former teacher Jack plans to use the hotel's solitude to write. The hotel, built on the site of a Native American burial ground, closes during the snowed-in months. Manager Stuart Ullman tells Jack about the hotel's history since its 1907 construction, but he also

The Shining (film) The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson. The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel of the same name"". ""The Shining"" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies. Wintering over with Jack are his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd). Danny possesses ""the shining"", psychic abilities that enable him to see into the hotel's horrific

The Stanley Hotel The Stanley Hotel is a 142-room Colonial Revival hotel in Estes Park, Colorado, United States of America. Approximately five miles from the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park, the Stanley offers panoramic views of Lake Estes, the Rockies and especially Long's Peak. It was built by Freelan Oscar Stanley of Stanley Steamer fame and opened on July 4, 1909 as a resort for upper class easterners and a health retreat for sufferers of pulmonary tuberculosis. The hotel and its surrounding structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Stanley Hotel served as the inspiration

animals of the novel were omitted and a hedge maze was added, acting as a final trap for Jack Torrance as well as a refuge for Danny. In the film, the hotel possibly derives its malevolent energy from being built on an Indian burial ground. In the novel, the reason for the hotel's manifestation of evil is possibly explained by a theme present in King's previous novel ""Salem's Lot"" as well as Shirley Jackson's ""The Haunting of Hill House"": a physical place may absorb the evils that transpire there and manifest them as a vaguely sentient malevolence. The film's Hallorann

"The Shining (novel)"
inflicted on her. After writing ""Carrie"" and ""'Salem's Lot"", which are both set in small towns in King's native Maine, King was looking for a change of pace for the next book. ""I wanted to spend a year away from Maine so that my next novel would have a different sort of background."" King opened an atlas of the US on the kitchen table and randomly pointed to a location, which turned out to be Boulder, Colorado. On October 30, 1974, King and his wife Tabitha checked into The Stanley Hotel in nearby Estes Park, Colorado. They were the only

to be exceptionally active. The Stanley Hotel has hosted the following persons of note: The Stanley Hotel The Stanley Hotel is a 142-room Colonial Revival hotel in Estes Park, Colorado, United States of America. Approximately five miles from the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park, the Stanley offers panoramic views of Lake Estes, the Rockies and especially Long's Peak. It was built by Freelan Oscar Stanley of Stanley Steamer fame and opened on July 4, 1909 as a resort for upper class easterners and a health retreat for sufferers of pulmonary tuberculosis. The hotel and its surrounding structures are listed

"The Shining (opera)"
weekend of September 1975, Jack Torrance, his wife Wendy, and his son Danny arrive at the Overlook Hotel, in a remote location in the Colorado Rockies, as Jack has been engaged as winter caretaker at the hotel. Wendy and Jack welcome this development in their lives, in the hope that it will bring the family closer together. Jack, a writer, is also grateful for time to finish his play. The hotel's general manager, Stuart Ullman, gives the Torrances a tour of the hotel and speaks of its famous guests. The family then meets Dick Hallorann, the hotel cook, who shows

Kubrick's vision of a haunted hotel in line with a long literary tradition of hotels in which sinister events occur, from Stephen Crane's short story ""The Blue Hotel"" (which Kubrick admired) to the Swiss Berghof in Thomas Mann's novel ""The Magic Mountain"", about a snowbound sanatorium high in the Swiss Alps in which the protagonist witnesses a series of events which are a microcosm of the decline of Western culture. In keeping with this tradition, Kubrick's film focuses on domesticity and the Torrances' attempt to use this imposing building as a home which Jack Torrance describes as ""homey"". Cocks claims

characters, includes the deaths of some of its guests and of former winter caretaker Delbert Grady, who succumbed to cabin fever and killed his family and himself. The plot centers on Jack Torrance, his wife Wendy, and their five-year-old son Danny, who move into the hotel after Jack accepts the position as winter caretaker. Jack is an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic with anger issues which, prior to the story, had caused him to accidentally break Danny's arm and lose his position as a teacher after assaulting a student. Jack hopes that the hotel's seclusion will help him reconnect with

"Princes in the Tower"
Princes in the Tower ""The Princes in the Tower"" is an expression frequently used to refer to Edward V, King of England and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. The two brothers were the only sons of Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville surviving at the time of their father's death in 1483. When they were 12 and 9 years old, respectively, they were lodged in the Tower of London by the man appointed to look after them, their uncle, the Lord Protector: Richard, Duke of Gloucester. This was supposedly in preparation for Edward's forthcoming coronation as king. However,

of Wales, eldest son of King Henry VII of England (Henry Tudor). There are reports of the two princes being seen playing in the Tower grounds shortly after Richard joined his brother, but there are no recorded sightings of either of them after the summer of 1483. An attempt to rescue them in late July failed. Their fate remains an enduring mystery. Many historians believe the princes were murdered, some suggesting that the act may have happened towards the end of summer 1483. Maurice Keen argues that the rebellion against Richard in 1483 initially ""aimed to rescue Edward V and

Abbey, but the Abbey authorities have refused to allow either set of remains to be subjected to DNA analysis to positively identify them as the remains of the princes. Several sources suggest there were rumours of the princes' deaths in the time following their disappearance. Rumours of murder also spread to France. In January 1484 , Lord Chancellor of France, urged the Estates General to ""take warning"" from the fate of the princes, as their own king, Charles VIII, was only 13. The early reports, including that of Rochefort, Philippe de Commines (French politician), Caspar Weinreich (contemporary German chronicler) and

was a reference to speeches made in Parliament condemning the murder of the princes, which suggested that Richard's guilt had become common knowledge, or at least common wisdom. The plausibility of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, Richard's right-hand man, as a suspect depends on the princes having already been dead by the time Stafford was executed in November 1483. It has been suggested that Buckingham had several potential motives. As a descendant of Edward III, through John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester on his father's side, as well as through

goal. This theory formed the basis of Sharon Penman's historical novel, ""The Sunne in Splendour"". Henry VII (Henry Tudor), following his seizure of the crown, executed some of the rival claimants to the throne. One who was either executed or died in captivity was John of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Richard III. Henry was out of the country between the princes' disappearance and August 1485, thus his only opportunity to murder them would have been after his accession in 1485. Pollard suggests Henry (or those acting on his orders) is ""the only plausible alternative to Richard III."" The year after

Richard took the throne for himself and the boys disappeared. It is unclear what happened to the boys after they disappeared in the Tower. It is generally assumed that they were murdered; a common hypothesis is that they were killed by Richard in an attempt to secure his hold on the throne. Their deaths may have occurred some time in 1483, but apart from their disappearance, the only evidence is circumstantial. As a result, several other hypotheses about their fates have been proposed, including the suggestion that they were murdered by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham or Henry VII,

knew that this story was false, and so Henry had to have her silenced. Markham suggests this was the motivation behind Henry's decision, in February 1487, to confiscate all of Elizabeth's lands and possessions, and have her confined to Bermondsey Nunnery, ""where she died six years afterwards"". However, Arlene Okerlund suggests that her retirement to the nunnery was her own decision, whilst Michael Bennett and Timothy Elston suggests the move was precautionary, precipitated by Lambert Simnel's claim to be her son Richard. Pollard calls Markham's theory ""highly speculative"", and states that Henry's silence over the princes was more likely ""political

killed them. In 1789, workmen carrying out repairs in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, rediscovered and accidentally broke into the vault of Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth Woodville, discovering in the process what appeared to be a small adjoining vault. This vault was found to contain the coffins of two unidentified children. However, no inspection or examination was carried out and the tomb was resealed. The tomb was inscribed with the names of two of Edward IV's children: George, 1st Duke of Bedford who had died at the age of 2, and Mary of York who had died at the age

the boys' uncle, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, and their half-brother Sir Richard Grey. They were sent to Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire where, on 25 June, they were beheaded. Gloucester then took possession of the prince himself, prompting Elizabeth Woodville to take her other son, Richard, Duke of York, and her daughters into sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. Edward V and Gloucester arrived in London together. Plans continued for Edward's coronation, but the date was postponed from 4 May to 25 June. On 19 May 1483 Edward was lodged in the Tower of London, then the traditional residence of monarchs prior

among others. It has also been suggested that one or both princes may have escaped assassination. In 1487, Lambert Simnel initially claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, but later claimed to be Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick. From 1491 until his capture in 1497, Perkin Warbeck claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, having supposedly escaped to Flanders. Warbeck's claim was supported by some contemporaries (including the aunt of the disappeared princes, Margaret of York). In 1674, workmen at the Tower dug up a wooden box containing two small human skeletons. The bones were found in a box

due to design changes requested by Ismay and a temporary pause in work occasioned by the need to repair ""Olympic"", which had been in a collision in September 1911. Had ""Titanic"" been finished earlier, she might well have missed her collision with an iceberg. ""Titanic""s sea trials began at 6 a.m. on Tuesday, 2 April 1912, just two days after her fitting out was finished and eight days before she was due to leave Southampton on her maiden voyage. The trials were delayed for a day due to bad weather, but by Monday morning it was clear and fair. Aboard

died on the ship herself while she was being constructed and fitted out, and another two died in the shipyard workshops and sheds. Just before the launch a worker was killed when a piece of wood fell on him. ""Titanic"" was launched at 12:15 p.m. on 31 May 1911 in the presence of Lord Pirrie, J. Pierpoint Morgan, J. Bruce Ismay and 100,000 onlookers. 22 tons of soap and tallow were spread on the slipway to lubricate the ship's passage into the River Lagan. In keeping with the White Star Line's traditional policy, the ship was not formally named or

"RMS Olympic"
implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design. On 29 July 1908, Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives. Ismay approved the design and signed three ""letters of agreement"" two days later authorising the start of construction. At this point the first ship – which was later to become ""Olympic"" – had no name, but was referred to simply as ""Number 400"", as it was Harland and Wolff's four hundredth hull. ""Titanic"" was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401. Bruce Ismay's father Thomas Henry

"HMS Beagle"
designed by Sir Henry Peake in 1807, and eventually over 100 were constructed. The working drawings for HMS ""Beagle"" and HMS ""Barracouta"" were issued to the Woolwich Dockyard on 16 February 1817, and amended in coloured ink on 16 July 1817 with modifications to increase the height of the bulwarks (the sides of the ship extended above the upper deck) by an amount varying from at the stem to at the stern. ""Beagle""s keel was laid in June 1818, construction cost £7,803, and the ship was launched on 11 May 1820. In July of that year she took part in

Ismay had previously planned to build a ship named ""Olympic"" as a sister ship to . The senior Ismay died in 1899 and the order for the ship was cancelled. Construction of ""Olympic"" began three months before ""Titanic"" to ease pressures on the shipyard. Several years would pass before ""Britannic"" would be launched. In order to accommodate the construction of the class, Harland and Wolff upgraded their facility in Belfast; the most dramatic change was the combining of three slipways into two larger ones. ""Olympic"" and ""Titanic"" were constructed side by side. ""Olympic""s keel was laid on 16 December 1908

"HMS Victory"
of lignum vitae. The wood of the hull was held in place by six-foot copper bolts, supported by treenails for the smaller fittings. Once the ship's frame had been built, it was normal to cover it up and leave it for several months to allow the wood to dry out or ""season"". The end of the Seven Years' War meant that ""Victory"" remained in this condition for nearly three years, which helped her subsequent longevity. Work restarted in autumn 1763 and she was floated on 7 May 1765, having cost £63,176 and 3 shillings, the equivalent of £ today. On

in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, in a game the NBA now refers to as the first played game in NBA history. The first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major

Basketball
had been focused on just getting the game started. Mahan suggested that it be called ""Naismith ball"", at which he laughed, saying that a name like that would kill any game. Mahan then said, ""Why not call it basketball?"" Naismith replied, ""We have a basket and a ball, and it seems to me that would be a good name for it."" The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January 20, 1892, with nine players. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made from , on a court just half the size

History of basketball The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then throughout the world. After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture. The game of basketball as it is

point guard, who implements the coach's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning). Informally, players may play three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one. Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, basketball has evolved to become one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague and FIBA

in 1923. In 1939 the all-black New York Renaissance beat the all-white Oshkosh All-Stars in the World Pro Basketball Tournament. From the late 1920s the African American Harlem Globetrotters were a successful touring team, winning the WPBT in 1940. The all-white National Basketball League began to racially integrate in 1942 with 10 black players joining two teams, the Toledo Jim White Chevrolets, and the Chicago Studebakers. The NBA integrated in 1950–51 seasons, just two years after its founding, with three black players each achieving a separate milestone in that process. In the draft held immediately prior to that season, Chuck

"Basketball Association of America"
six fouls as opposed to five. The league formation did not alarm team owners in the NBL until some NBL players switched to the BAA. Before the season started, the Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, Pittsburgh Ironmen and Toronto Huskies folded, leaving the BAA with only seven teams. The Baltimore Bullets joined the league from the ABL, and were assigned to the Western Division along with the Washington Capitols to even the divisions. Prior to the start of the season, the league held its inaugural college draft on July 1, 1947. Each team played 48 regular season games. The Eastern Division

could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892. There were only thirteen rules of ""basket ball"": On December 21, 1891, James Naismith published rules for a new game using five basic ideas and thirteen rules. That day, he asked his class to play a match in the Armory Street court: 9 versus 9, using a soccer ball and two peach baskets. Frank Mahan, one of his students, wasn’t so happy. He just said: ""Harrumph.

"Holy Roman Emperor"
right to elect the King and future Emperor. The seven prince-electors are named in the Golden Bull of 1356: The Archbishop of Mainz, the Archbishop of Trier, the Archbishop of Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg. After 1438, the Kings remained in the house of Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine, with the brief exception of Charles VII, who was a Wittelsbach. Maximilian I (Emperor 1508–1519) and his successors no longer travelled to Rome to be crowned as Emperor by the Pope. Maximilian, therefore, named himself Elected Roman Emperor

"Princes of the Holy Roman Empire"
German Confederation and recognised a specific, elevated status (""Standesherren"" or Mediatized Houses) for the mediatized princes of the defunct Empire. The actual titles used by Imperial princes varied considerably for historical reasons, and included archdukes, dukes, margraves, landgraves, counts palatine, ""princely counts"" (""Gefurstete Grafen""), as well as princes. Moreover, most of the German fiefs in the Empire (except electorships) were heritable by all males of a family rather than by primogeniture, the princely title (or whatever title the family used) being likewise shared by all agnatic family members, male and female. The estate of imperial princes or ""Reichsfürstenstand"" was first

voters were kept on the side, which was known as ""Wahlkapitulationen"" (electoral capitulation). Conrad was elected by the German dukes, and it is not known precisely when the system of seven prince-electors was established. The papal decree ""Venerabilem"" by Innocent III (1202), addressed to Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen, establishes the election procedure by (unnamed) princes of the realm, reserving for the pope the right to approve of the candidates. A letter of Pope Urban IV (1263), in the context of the disputed vote of 1256 and the subsequent the interregnum, suggests that by ""immemorial custom"", seven princes had the

those who exercised ""Landhoheit"" (sovereignty within one's territory) as well as an individual or shared vote in the College of Princes; and those whose title was honorary, the possessor lacking an immediate Imperial fief and/or a vote in the Imperial Diet. The first came to be reckoned as ""royalty"" in the sense of being treated as sovereigns, entitled to inter-marry with reigning dynasties. The second tier consisted of high-ranking nobles whose princely title did not, however, imply equality with royalty. These distinctions evolved within the Empire, but were codified by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 when it created the

Prince-elector
Prince-elector The Prince-electors ( pl. ""Kurfürsten"", , ) of the Holy Roman Empire, or Electors for short, were the members of the electoral college that elected the Holy Roman Emperor. From the 13th century onwards, the Prince-Electors had the privilege of electing the King of the Romans, who would be crowned by the Pope as Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V was the last to be a crowned Emperor (elected 1519, crowned 1530); his successors were elected Emperors directly by the electoral college, each being titled ""Elected Emperor of the Romans"" (; ). In practice, every emperor from 1440 onwards (except

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor (historically """", ""Emperor of the Romans"") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800/962-1806 AD, from Charlemagne/Otto I to Francis II). The title was, almost without interruption, held in conjunction with the rule of the Kingdom of Germany. From an autocracy in Carolingian times the title evolved into an elected monarchy chosen by the prince-electors. The Holy Roman Emperor was widely perceived to rule by divine right, though he often contradicted or rivaled the Pope, most notably during the Investiture controversy. In theory, the Holy Roman Emperor was ""primus inter pares"" (first

dispute, but a lack of a papal coronation deprived a king of only the title Emperor and not of the power to govern (cf Declaration of Rhense). The Habsburg dynasty stopped the practice of papal coronations. After Charles V, all individuals chosen by the electors were merely ""Emperors elect"". The electors were originally summoned by the Archbishop of Mainz within one month of an Emperor's death, and met within three months of being summoned. During the ""interregnum"", imperial power was exercised by two imperial vicars. Each vicar, in the words of the Golden Bull, was ""the administrator of the empire

"Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor"
Lombards"") was conferred in the Church of St. Ambrose at Milan or at the cathedral of Monza, that of Burgundy at Arles, and the German crown —which came to be the most important of all — was usually given at Aachen, until 1562 when, until the last German coronation in 1792, the Emperors-elect were crowned Kings in Germany in Frankfurt Cathedral, which had already in 1356 also become the established site for the imperial elections. The German coronation ceremony first required the electors to meet at Frankfurt, under the presidency of the Elector-Archbishop of Mainz, who formally summoned the electors

the Austrian Succession. A representative of the House of Wittelsbach was elected for a short period of time, but in 1745, Maria Theresa's husband, Francis I of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, became King. All of his successors were also from the same family. Hence, for the greater part of the Empire's history, the role of the electors was largely ceremonial. Each elector held a ""High Office of the Empire"" (""Reichserzämter"") and was a member of the (ceremonial) Imperial Household. The three spiritual electors were all Arch-Chancellors (, ): the Archbishop of Mainz was Arch-Chancellor of Germany, the Archbishop of Cologne was

dynasties subsequently began to refer to their territory as a ""principality"" and assumed the awarded rank of a Prince (""Fürst"") as a hereditary title. Most of the Counts who ruled territories were raised to Princely rank in the decades before the end of the Empire in 1806. Ecclesiastical Princes were the Prince-Bishops (including the Prince-Archbishops of Besançon, Bremen, Magdeburg and Salzburg) as well as the actual Prince-abbots. They comprised a number of political entities which were secularized and mediatized after the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, resp. fell to France or the independent Swiss Confederacy. The honorary status of prince of

"William Perry (American football)"
William Perry (American football) William Anthony Perry (born December 16, 1962) is a former American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. Perry played college football for Clemson University, and was recognized as an All-American. He was selected in the first round of the 1985 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Chicago Bears and Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL. In reference to his imposing size, he was popularly known as ""The Refrigerator"" or, abbreviated, ""The Fridge."" Perry also occasionally played at fullback at the

Ford's Clemson Tigers football team from 1981 to 1984. He was a member of a national championship team in 1981, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American as a junior in 1983. As a freshman in 1981, he earned his ""refrigerator"" nickname when a fellow player could barely squeeze into an elevator with Perry and their laundry which they were taking to be washed. The player, Ray Brown, said ""Man, you're about as big as a refrigerator."" In 1985, he was selected in the first round of the 1985 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears; he had been hand-picked

"Woody Sauldsberry"
Woody Sauldsberry Woodrow Sauldsberry Jr. (July 11, 1934 – September 3, 2007) was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. Sauldsberry was born in Winnsboro, Louisiana and graduated from Compton Union High School, where he was the star of his basketball team, and then went on to attend Texas Southern University. In 1957 he was drafted in Round 8 by the Philadelphia Warriors (now the Golden State Warriors). The following year in 1958, he was named the league's Rookie of the Year — the second African American ever to win the award and becoming the lowest overall draft pick ever

"Tim Perry"
Tim Perry Timothy D. Perry (born June 4, 1965) is an American professional basketball player, formerly in the NBA. Following a college career at Temple University, Perry was selected seventh overall by the Phoenix Suns in the 1988 NBA Draft. Through eight NBA seasons, he averaged 6.8 points and 4 rebounds per game. Charles Barkley claims in ""Sir Charles: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles Barkley"" that the Suns had to trade Perry to Philadelphia in 1992 because he was #34, Barkley's number. Perry appeared in three NBA Slam Dunk Contests, finishing 5th in 1989, 7th in 1993, and 5th

a foot amputated due to diabetes. Woody Sauldsberry Woodrow Sauldsberry Jr. (July 11, 1934 – September 3, 2007) was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. Sauldsberry was born in Winnsboro, Louisiana and graduated from Compton Union High School, where he was the star of his basketball team, and then went on to attend Texas Southern University. In 1957 he was drafted in Round 8 by the Philadelphia Warriors (now the Golden State Warriors). The following year in 1958, he was named the league's Rookie of the Year — the second African American ever to win the award and becoming

"Bill Yearby"
Bill Yearby William M. Yearby (July 24, 1944 – December 20, 2010) was an American football player. He played college football as a defensive lineman at the University of Michigan from 1963 to 1965 and was selected as an All-American in 1964 and 1965. He played professional football for the New York Jets of the American Football League in 1966. Yearby was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1944. He moved to Detroit as a child and attended Detroit's Eastern High School, where he was the Class A state champion in the shot put in 1962. Yearby enrolled at the University

Yearby died in 2010 at age 66. Bill Yearby William M. Yearby (July 24, 1944 – December 20, 2010) was an American football player. He played college football as a defensive lineman at the University of Michigan from 1963 to 1965 and was selected as an All-American in 1964 and 1965. He played professional football for the New York Jets of the American Football League in 1966. Yearby was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1944. He moved to Detroit as a child and attended Detroit's Eastern High School, where he was the Class A state champion in the shot put

"Bob Perryman"
University of Michigan in 1982 and played college football at the fullback position for head coach Bo Schembechler's Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1983 to 1986. He scored three touchdowns in the 1984 season opener against the #1 ranked Miami Hurricanes. He also rushed for 107 yards on 14 carries and scored two touchdowns against Hawaii in the final game of the 1986 season. In four years at Michigan, Perryman totaled 1,247 rushing yards and 14 touchdowns on 274 carries. He also caught 20 passes for 199 yards and one receiving touchdown. Perryman was selected by the New England Patriots

"Perry Kitchen"
adding one assist. He earned an All-MAC First Team selection and scored an unassisted goal on a right-footed blast from 30 yards out during Akron's 2–1 win over the Michigan Wolverines in the national semifinal of the College Cup. Kitchen also made a solitary appearance for USL Premier Development League club Chicago Fire Premier in 2010. Kitchen passed on a trial offer from Belgium's Anderlecht to sign a Generation Adidas contract with MLS. He was selected by D.C. United in the first round (3rd overall) of the 2011 MLS SuperDraft. He made his professional debut on March 19, 2011 in

"Chris Schultz"
years. One of the strongest players on the team, he was converted into a left tackle as a senior. Schultz was selected in the seventh round (189th overall) of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Dallas Cowboys. On August 21, 1984, he was placed on the injured reserve list. He was activated later on the year and played in 5 games on special teams. In 1984, he was lost for the season after injuring his right knee in the third preseason game. After only playing in 5 games with no starts during his first two years, in 1985, Phil Pozderac

"First Transcontinental Railroad"
the central route railroad was Asa Whitney. He envisioned a route from Chicago and the Great Lakes to northern California, paid for by the sale of land to settlers along the route. Whitney traveled widely to solicit support from businessmen and politicians, printed maps and pamphlets, and submitted several proposals to Congress, all at his own expense. In June 1845, he led a team along part of the proposed route to assess its feasibility. Legislation to begin construction of the ""Pacific Railroad"" (called the ""Memorial of Asa Whitney"") was first introduced to Congress by Representative Zadock Pratt. Congress did not

the Civil War fighting in Missouri; it was the shortest route to South Pass in the Rockies in Wyoming; and it would follow a fertile river that would encourage settlement. Durant had hired the future president Abraham Lincoln in 1857 when he was an attorney to represent him in a business matter about a bridge over the Missouri. Now Lincoln was responsible for choosing the eastern terminus, and he relied on Durant's counsel. Durant advocated for Omaha, and he was so confident of the choice that he began buying up land in Nebraska. One of the most prominent champions of

they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. A transcontinental railroad in the United States is any continuous rail line connecting a location on the U.S. Pacific coast with one or more of the railroads of the nation's eastern trunk line rail systems operating between the Missouri or Mississippi Rivers and the U.S. Atlantic coast. The first concrete plan for a transcontinental railroad in the United States was presented to Congress by Asa Whitney in 1845. A series of transcontinental railroads built over the last third of the 19th century created a nationwide transportation network that

were easier to protect and maintain. Many of the original telegraph lines were abandoned as the telegraph business was consolidated with the railroad telegraph lines. The Union Pacific's of track started at MP 0.0 in Council Bluffs, Iowa, on the eastern side of the Missouri River. Omaha was chosen by President Abraham Lincoln as the location of its Transfer Depot where up to seven railroads could transfer mail and other goods to Union Pacific trains bound for the west. Trains were initially transported across the Missouri River by ferry before they could access the western tracks beginning in Omaha, Nebraska

major investor in the Union Pacific was Thomas Clark Durant, who had made his stake money by smuggling Confederate cotton with the aid of Grenville M. Dodge. Durant chose routes that would favor places where he held land, and he announced connections to other lines at times that suited his share dealings. He paid an associate to submit the construction bid to another company he controlled, Crédit Mobilier, manipulating the finances and government subsidies and making himself another fortune. Durant hired Dodge as chief engineer and Jack Casement as construction boss. In the East, the progress started in Omaha, Nebraska,

"Rail transportation in the United States"
first transcontinental railroad was the culmination of a decades-long movement to build such a line and was one of the crowning achievements of the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, completed four years after his death. The building of the railroad required enormous feats of engineering and labor in the crossing of plains and high mountains by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) and Central Pacific Railroad, the two federally chartered enterprises that built the line westward and eastward respectively. The building of the railroad was motivated in part to bind the Union together during the strife of the American Civil War. It

1832 when Dr. Hartwell Carver published an article in the ""New York Courier & Enquirer"" advocating building a transcontinental railroad from Lake Michigan to Oregon. In 1847 he submitted to the U.S. Congress a ""Proposal for a Charter to Build a Railroad from Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean"", seeking a congressional charter to support his idea. Congress agreed to support the idea. Under the direction of the Department of War, the Pacific Railroad Surveys were conducted from 1853 through 1855. These included an extensive series of expeditions of the American West seeking possible routes. A report on the explorations

hear his proposal in detail. Huntington persuaded Judah to accept financing from himself and four others: Mark Hopkins, his business partner; James Bailey, a jeweler; Leland Stanford, a grocer; and Charles Crocker, a dry-goods merchant. They initially invested $1,500 each and formed a board of directors. These investors became known as The Big Four, and their railroad was called the Central Pacific Railroad. Each eventually made millions of dollars from their investments and control of the Central Pacific Railroad. Before major construction could begin, Judah traveled back to New York City to raise funds to buy out The Big Four.

First Transcontinental Railroad The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the ""Pacific Railroad"" and later as the ""Overland Route"") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay. The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants. Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds. The Western

engines, and provision made to keep them full. The majority of the Union Pacific track across the Nebraska and Wyoming territories was built by veterans of the Union and Confederate armies, as well as many recent immigrants. Brigham Young, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, landed contracts with the Union Pacific that offered jobs for around 2,000 members of the church with the hope that the railroad would support commerce in Utah. Church members built most of the road through Utah. Construction superintendent Durant repeatedly failed to pay the wages agreed upon. The Union Pacific train

across periods. Seven periods of elements occur naturally on Earth. For period 8, which includes elements which may be synthesized after 2016, see the extended periodic table. A group in chemistry means a family of objects with similarities like different families. There are 7 periods, going horizontally across the periodic table. The first period contains the least elements than any other, with only two, hydrogen and helium. They therefore do not follow the octet rule. Chemically, helium behaves like a noble gas, and thus is taken to be part of the group 18 elements. However, in terms of its nuclear

total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed. Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells. As atomic number increases, shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right. The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table. In the s-block and p-block of the periodic table, elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties (vertical trends down groups are more significant). However, in the d-block, trends across periods become significant, and in the f-block elements show a high degree of similarity

Period 1 element A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate periodic (recurring) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The first period contains fewer elements than any other row in the table, with only two: hydrogen and helium. This situation can be explained by

"Period 3 element"
Period 3 element A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when the periodic table skips a row and a chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behavior fall into the same vertical columns. The third period contains eight elements: sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. The first

by a low-temperature separation process called fractional distillation. Period 1 element A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate periodic (recurring) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The first period contains fewer elements than any other row in the table, with only two: hydrogen

potassium and calcium, and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. These include iron, the heaviest element forged in main-sequence stars and a principal component of the Earth, as well as other important metals such as cobalt, nickel, and copper. Almost all have biological roles. Completing the fourth period are the post-transition metals zinc and gallium, the metalloids germanium and arsenic, and the nonmetals selenium, bromine, and krypton. Period 5 has the same number of elements as period 4 and follows the same general structure but with one more post transition metal and one fewer

eighth period. Period (periodic table) A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law. For example, the alkali metals lie in the first column (group 1) and share similar properties, such as high reactivity and the tendency to lose one electron to arrive at a noble-gas electronic configuration. As of

"Period 4 element"
Period 4 element A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or ""period"") of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fourth period contains 18 elements, beginning with potassium and ending with krypton. As a rule, period 4 elements fill their 4s shells first, then their

"Three Eras"
the scheme of the ""prophecy of Elias"" was popularised by Philip Melanchthon and his Lutheran collaborators, using ""Carion's Chronicle"" as a vehicle, heavily edited into due form. The three periods were 'without the law', 'under law', and 'under grace'. With each period attributed a length of two millennia, the scheme was applied to predict the end of time (or at least the commencement of a final seventh millennium). This was done by Johann Heinrich Alsted in the 17th century. The scheme was widely influential in its tripartite structure, seen also in the chronology of Achilles Pirmin Gasser. Three Eras The

"Wentworth (TV series)"
aired. In a similar manner, a 12-episode fourth season was announced before the airing of the third season on 27 February 2015. It began airing from 10 May 2016. Cormack confirmed a fifth season had been commissioned on 19 July. The twelve-part series premiered on 4 April 2017. On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on 19 June 2018. A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth-season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019. On 5 December 2018, it was

2014 and season Three, which commenced broadcast on 22 July 2015, concluded with a two-hour season finale which consisted of episodes 11 and 12 of the season on 30 September 2015. Season four of ""Wentworth"" premiered on Channel 5 on 27 June 2016. In July, following declining ratings, the series was moved from its Monday night timeslot on Channel 5 to Tuesday's on sister channel 5Star. Season 5 premiered on 5Star on 23 May 2017. Season 6 of ""Wentworth"" premiered on 5Star on 23 June 2018, just four days following the Australian premiere; however, the series has been moved to

in terms of recouping money to help pay for future seasons"". ABC 1 started broadcasting Wentworth from season 1 in April 2018. In December 2014, ""Wentworth"" first premiered on Netflix in the United States and added seasons one and two to its streaming service. In April 2016 the third season was released to US audiences via the platform. Season 4 was released on Netflix in July 2016. The show features on the “50 Best TV Shows on Netflix” list according to Netflix Life. Seasons one to three are available to view via Amazon Video in the U.S. In the United

2019. In December 2018, it was confirmed that a further 20 episodes had been commissioned, with production beginning in September 2019, and the episodes set to be broadcast through 2020 and 2021. ""Wentworth"" is set in modern-day Australia and focuses on Bea Smith (Danielle Cormack) when she first enters prison after being charged with the attempted murder of her husband. Bea is separated from her daughter and sent to Wentworth on remand, where she lives in ""an uncertain limbo"" until she is sentenced. Starting at the bottom of Wentworth's hierarchy, Bea is forced to learn how to survive in prison.

"Wentworth (season 6)"
Wentworth (season 6) The sixth season of television drama series ""Wentworth"" premiered on Showcase in Australia on 19 June 2018 and concluded on 4 September 2018. It is executive produced by FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo Porter. The season comprised 12 episodes. The sixth season picks up just days after the escape of Franky Doyle and Joan Ferguson. This season introduced three new characters portrayed by Leah Purcell, Susie Porter and Rarriwuy Hick. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On 9 May 2017, it was announced that FremantleMedia had renewed Wentworth for a sixth season, set to air in 2018. FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo

confirmed that a further 20 episodes had been commissioned, with production beginning in September 2019, and the episodes set to be broadcast through 2020 and 2021. On 4 October 2012, a reporter for ""The West Australian"" revealed that Celia Ireland and Kate Atkinson had joined the cast of ""Wentworth"", while Shareena Clanton would make her acting debut as Doreen Anderson. Danielle Cormack was cast in the role of Beatrice ""Queen Bea"" Smith and she stated ""I am absolutely rapt to be part of the reboot of such an iconic drama. ""Prisoner"" left an indelible mark on fans and I really

our local production slate. There is so much yet to unfold with season five premiering now in Australia on Foxtel before any details should be revealed about the sixth season. My lips are sealed other than to say Marcia Gardner and the writers continue to excel in setting up intriguing story arcs and finely crafted scripts for the wonderfully talented ""Wentworth"" cast to bring to life."" Wentworth (season 6) The sixth season of television drama series ""Wentworth"" premiered on Showcase in Australia on 19 June 2018 and concluded on 4 September 2018. It is executive produced by FremantleMedia's Director of

Saturday nights at 10:00 pm. The series premiered in the Republic of Ireland broadcasting as ""Wentworth"" on TV3 from June 2014. Season 2 premiered on TV3 on 15 January 2015. In Canada the first two seasons broadcast on Aboriginal Peoples Television Network in late 2015. Although the series has a strong fan base in many countries, Angela Perez of Australia Network News said, in 2016, that Foxtel was considering cancelling the show [after the then current fourth season] due to audiences viewing new episodes via pirate websites following the Australian premiere. Foxtel stated that the piracy is ""a serious problem

set would be written into future storylines. The third season began airing on 7 April 2015. Production on the fourth season began in the second half of 2015. The fifth season was filmed in Melbourne from August 2016. On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which began filming a week later. ""Wentworth"" has been sold to more than 90 countries. On 2 April 2013, it was confirmed that TVNZ had signed a deal to broadcast ""Wentworth"" in New Zealand. Later that month, it was announced that ""Wentworth"" would be broadcast on

and Tammy MacIntosh joined the cast from the third season as inmate Jodie Spiteri, psychologist Bridget Westfall and vigilante Karen Proctor respectively. Sigrid Thornton, who played Ros Coulson on ""Prisoner"", will be joining the cast for season four. She will not be reprising her former role, but will play another ""Prisoner"" based character Sonia Stevens. In November 2015, Kate Jenkinson and Bernard Curry were announced to be appearing in the show as Allie Novak, an inmate, and Jake Stewart, a correctional officer, respectively. In April 2018, it was announced that Indigenous Australian actress Leah Purcell had joined the cast as

"First Punic War"
superiority. At this point (247 BC), Carthage sent general Hamilcar Barca (Hannibal's father) to Sicily. His landing at Heirkte (near Panormus) drew the Romans away to defend that port city and resupply point and gave Drepana some breathing room. Subsequent guerrilla warfare kept the Roman legions pinned down and preserved Carthage's toehold in Sicily, although Roman forces which bypassed Hamilcar forced him to relocate to Eryx, to better defend Drepana. Perhaps in response to Hamilcar's raids, Rome built another fleet (paid for by donations from wealthy citizens). It was this fleet that rendered the Carthaginian success in Sicily futile, as

Sicily would have provided, Rome decided to invade the Carthaginian colonies of Africa and usurp Carthage's supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea, consequently forcing Carthage to accept its terms. In order to initiate its invasion of Africa, the Roman Republic constructed a major fleet, comprising transports for the army and its equipment, and warships for protection. Carthage attempted to intervene with a fleet of 350 ships (according to Polybius), but was defeated in the Battle of Cape Ecnomus. As a result of the battle, the Roman army, commanded by Marcus Atilius Regulus, landed in Africa and began ravaging the Carthaginian countryside.

military and economic affairs of the western Mediterranean Sea, especially on the North African coasts and islands, and above all, due to its navy. It originated as a Phoenician colony in Africa, near modern Tunis. Carthage had become a wealthy centre for trade networks extending from Gadir (Cádiz) along the coasts of southern Iberia and North Africa, across the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, and the western half of Sicily, to the ports of the eastern Mediterranean, including Tyre, its mother city, on the shores of the Levant. At the height of power, just before the First Punic War, Carthage was

behind, or from the side. The ""corvus"" was usually still able to pivot and grapple most oncoming ships. After a further 20 Carthaginian ships had been hooked and lost to the Romans, Hannibal Gisco retreated with his surviving ships, leaving Duilius with a clear victory. Instead of pursuing the remaining Carthaginians, Duilius sailed to Sicily to relieve the city of Segesta, which had been under siege from the Carthaginian infantry commander Hamilcar. Modern historians have wondered at Duilius’ decision not to immediately follow up with another naval attack, but Hannibal Gisco’s remaining 80 ships were probably still too strong for

within the territory of the other. This denied the Carthaginians access to any mercenary manpower from Italy and most of Sicily, although this later clause was temporarily abolished during the Mercenary War. In the aftermath of the war, Carthage had insufficient state funds. Hanno the Great tried to induce the disbanded armies to accept diminished payment, but kindled a movement that led to an internal conflict, the Mercenary War. After a hard struggle from the combined efforts of Hamilcar Barca, Hanno the Great and others, the Punic forces were finally able to annihilate the mercenaries and the insurgents. However, during

the stalemate Hamilcar produced in Sicily became irrelevant following the Roman naval victory at the Battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, where the new Roman fleet under consul Gaius Lutatius Catulus was victorious over an undermanned and hastily built Carthaginian fleet. Carthage lost most of its fleet and was economically incapable of funding another, or of finding manpower for the crews. Without naval support, Hamilcar Barca was cut off from Carthage and forced to negotiate peace and agree to evacuate Sicily. It should be noted that Hamilcar Barca had a subordinate named Gesco conduct the negotiations with Lutatius,

independent of Rome and Carthage. Hostilities of the First Punic War began with developments involving the Romans, Carthaginians, and Greek colonists in Sicily and southern Italy. In 288 BC, the Mamertines, a group of Italian (Campanian) mercenaries originally hired by Agathocles of Syracuse, occupied the city of Messana (modern Messina) in the north-eastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives. At the same time, a group of Roman troops made up of Campanian ""citizens without the vote"" revolted and seized control of Rhegium, lying across the Straits of Messina on the mainland of

the bridge, and send legionaries across as boarding parties. The new weapon would prove its worth in the Battle of Mylae, the first Roman naval victory, and would continue to do so in the following years, especially in the huge Battle of Cape Ecnomus. The addition of the ""corvus"" forced Carthage to review its military tactics, and since the city had difficulty in doing so, Rome had the naval advantage. The Roman fleet, under the command of Gaius Duilius, engaged the Carthaginians, under general Hannibal Gisco, off northern Mylae in 260 BC. Polybius states that the Carthaginians had 130 ships,

Enna. Hamilcar continued south to Camarina, in Syracusan territory, presumably with the intent to convince the Syracusans to rejoin the Carthaginian side. In 259 BC, consul Lucius Cornelius Scipio occupied Aleria in Corsica and probably Olbia in Sardinia. Hanno died while fighting at Olbia. The Romans withdrew because of the arrival of a Carthaginian fleet. Cornelius Scipio celebrated his victories over the Carthaginians and Sardinians with a triumph the following year. During the same year, a naval battle occurred near Sulci. The Carthaginian fleet was defeated and the commander Hannibal Gisco, who abandoned his men and fled to Sulci, was

The Siege of Aspis (or Clupea) was the first fighting on African land during the war. Regulus was next victorious at the Battle of Adys, forcing Carthage to sue for peace. According to Polybius, the terms suggested were so heavy that Carthage decided they would be better off not under Roman rule. The negotiations failed but fortunately, for the Carthaginians, Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, returned to Carthage to reorganise its army. Xanthippus defeated the Roman army and captured Regulus at the Battle of Tunis, and then managed to cut off what remained of the Roman army from its base by

"America's Next Top Model"
reviewed the best catfights, mishaps and most memorable photo shoots, personalities, defining moments and contained other segments about the show since cycles 1 to 9, and featured a special opening fusing all three openings together. Camille McDonald (cycles 2 and 17), Toccara Jones (cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Bre Scullark (cycles 5 and 17), Cassandra Whitehead (cycle 5), Joanie Dodds (cycle 6), Jael Strauss (cycle 8), Dionne Walters (cycle 8), Heather Kuzmich (cycle 9), and Bianca Golden (cycles 9 and 17) all returned to comment on events that happened in their or other cycles. After announcing that the

Reighard. The ""ANTM"" franchise released a clothing and accessories line based on the television show, which is sold at most Walmart stores. It ranges from cosmetic products to handbags. Dolls were also released based on the show that were made by MGA Entertainment. 2015: Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar (cycle 21) was shot and killed on February 24, 2015 in her boyfriend's home in Charlotte, North Carolina. 2016: Kimberly Rydzewski (cycle 10) died on December 19, 2016 due to suicide, she was 29 years old. 2018: On December 4, 2018 Jeall Strauss (cycle 8) died at age 34 due to stage

4 breast cancer. The show has been referred to in many series, such as ABC Family's ""GREEK"", CBS's ""The Big Bang Theory"", and Fox's ""Family Guy"". It also had its own ""E! True Hollywood Story"" episode, featuring past contestants Ebony Haith, Giselle Samson, Elyse Sewell (all cycle 1), Adrianne Curry (cycle 1 winner), Camille McDonald (cycles 2 & 17), April Wilkner, Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (both cycle 2), Toccara Jones, Ann Markley, Amanda Swafford (all cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Michelle Deighton (cycle 4), Brittany Brower (cycles 4 & 17), Naima Mora (cycle 4 winner), Ebony Taylor (cycle 5), Lisa

D'Amato (cycle 5 & cycle 17 winner), Kim Stolz (cycle 5) and Bre Scullark (cycles 5 & 17) as well as judges & personals Janice Dickinson, Tyra Banks, Nigel Barker, J. Alexander, Jay Manuel, Ken Mok and Michelle Mock-Falcon. It covered the first five cycles and recently re-aired with a few added minutes of footage which cover cycles 6 to 10 and ""Stylista"". In 2009, Oxygen Network aired a series based on the show called ""Top Model Obsessed"", featuring past contestants Lisa D'Amato (cycle 5 & cycle 17 winner), CariDee English (cycle 7 winner) and Bianca Golden (cycles 9 &

replaced by J. Alexander and Twiggy in cycle 5. Paulina Porizkova joined the panel in cycle 10, in place of Twiggy. After cycle 12, Porizkova was fired by Banks and the panel was left with three judges (Banks, Alexander and Barker) in cycle 13. In cycle 14, Alexander left the panel and was replaced by André Leon Talley, but continued as the series' runway coach. In cycle 18, Kelly Cutrone replaced Talley. After cycle 18, Banks fired long-standing cast members Barker, Alexander and photo shoot director Jay Manuel. Barker was replaced by Rob Evans in cycle 19, and Manuel by

"Nicole Fox"
and 11 respectively, and was succeeded by Krista White, Sophie Sumner, Jourdan Miller and India Gants from Cycles 14, 18 the ""British Invasion"", 20 ""Guys & Girls"" and 23 respectively. Fox also became the first ""America's Next Top Model"" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was succeeded by Cycle 20 winner Jourdan Miller. Kirkpatrick said she believed Fox won because of the strength of her photos: ""Every time with the judges, she could do no wrong in front of them. They really saw her as perfect."" Fox said of her win: Fox received a

the contestants into embarrassing scenarios far outside the realm of real-life modeling"". One such scenario highlighted was when cycle 12's final two contestants ""were made to wear bikinis so skimpy that the producers had to blur out Allison Harvard's butt cheeks"", and performed a ""creepily sexual mud fight,"" after which contestant and winner Teyona Anderson was ""commended for taking her weave in her hand and whipping it around on the runway like a sexy feather boa."" ""Allure"" magazine criticized the show in its October 2006 issue, saying that ""ANTM"" ""hasn't exactly produced any actual supermodels."" Ken Mok and Banks noticed

"America's Next Top Model (season 19)"
additionally serves as its executive producer and presenter. The international destination during the cycle was Ocho Rios, Jamaica, becoming the second occasion in which the series traveled to the country, after cycle 3. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Paul Smith's College student Laura James from Cambridge, New York. This was the first cycle to feature a cast of all-new contestants since cycle 16 (cycle 17 (""All-Stars"") featured only returning contestants from previous cycles, while cycle 18 (""British Invasion"") featured seven new American models alongside seven returning contestants from previous cycles of ""Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model""). Judge

"America's Next Top Model (season 13)"
cycle filmed entirely in the United States. The winner was Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado making her the youngest winner at the age of 18. This cycle featured one major change to the judging panel: judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season, marking the first change to the judging panel since Cycle 10. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series. This cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was once again increased to 14 contestants. All of the

with seasons 10, 12, 14 and 23. ""America's Next Top Model"" was also connected with Banks' talk show, on which several contestants have appeared, most notably Natasha Galkina (cycle 8), who worked as a correspondent for the show. The show's stage was also used for the cycle 5 reunion show. In 2008, Banks launched a new reality show inside the ""Tyra Show"", called ""Modelville"" which featured past contestants Renee DeWitt (cycle 8), Bianca Golden (cycle 9), Dominique Reighard, Fatima Siad and Lauren Utter (all cycle 10) vying for a $50,000 contract with Carol's Daughter. The competition was ultimately won by

"Eiffel Tower"
added a further 5.3 m (17.4 ft), giving the current height of 324 m (1,063 ft). Analogue television signals from the Eiffel Tower ceased on 8 March 2011. The tower and its image have long been in the public domain. In June 1990 a French court ruled that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989 to mark the tower's 100th anniversary was an ""original visual creation"" protected by copyright. The Court of Cassation, France's judicial court of last resort, upheld the ruling in March 1992. The (SETE) now considers any illumination of the tower to be a separate

station is Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel. The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna. More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues. The tower has two restaurants: on the first level, and , a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin

structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift.

on the National Geographic Channel speculated that a full-size replica of the tower would cost approximately US$480 million to build. Ironically, if accurate, that means that the replica would cost more than ten times that of the original (with the original costing nearly 8 million in 1890 Francs; ~US$40 million in 2018 dollars). The tower has been used for making radio transmissions since the beginning of the 20th century. Until the 1950s, sets of aerial wires ran from the cupola to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. These were connected to longwave transmitters in small bunkers.

the top and bottom of the tower. He found more at the top than expected, incidentally discovering what are known today as cosmic rays. Just two years later, on 4 February 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping from the first level of the tower (a height of 57 metres) to demonstrate his parachute design. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, a radio transmitter located in the tower jammed German radio communications, seriously hindering their advance on Paris and contributing to the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne. From 1925 to 1934, illuminated

Red Guide. It was run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse from 2007 to 2017. Starting May 2019, it will be managed by three star chef Frédéric Anton. It owes its name to the famous science-fiction writer Jules Verne. Additionally, there is a champagne bar at the top of the Eiffel Tower. From 1937 until 1981, there was a restaurant near the top of the tower. It was removed due to structural considerations; engineers had determined it was too heavy and was causing the tower to sag. This restaurant was sold to an American restaurateur and transported to New

a seasonal ice rink on the first level. A glass floor was installed on the first level during the 2014 refurbishment. The puddled iron (wrought iron) of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons, and the addition of lifts, shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons. As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down, it would fill the square base, on each side, to a depth of only assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre. Additionally, a cubic

Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower ( ; ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.

football tournament in Paris in June. The apartment has a kitchen, two bedrooms, a lounge, and views of Paris landmarks including the Seine, the Sacre Coeur, and the Arc de Triomphe. The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history. Given the elasticity of the cables and the time taken to align the cars with the landings, each lift, in normal service, takes an average of 8 minutes and 50 seconds to do the round trip, spending an average of 1 minute and 15 seconds at each level. The average journey time between levels is

signs for Citroën adorned three of the tower's sides, making it the tallest advertising space in the world at the time. In April 1935, the tower was used to make experimental low-resolution television transmissions, using a shortwave transmitter of 200 watts power. On 17 November, an improved 180-line transmitter was installed. On two separate but related occasions in 1925, the con artist Victor Lustig ""sold"" the tower for scrap metal. A year later, in February 1926, pilot Leon Collet was killed trying to fly under the tower. His aircraft became entangled in an aerial belonging to a wireless station. A

"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for the 1933 musical ""Roberta"". The song was sung in the Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, with the B-side, ""Jealousy"", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra. Paul Whiteman had the first hit recording of the song on the record charts in

1934. The song was reprised by Irene Dunne, who performed it in the 1935 film adaptation of the musical co-starring Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, and Randolph Scott. The song was also included in the 1952 remake of ""Roberta"", ""Lovely to Look At"", in which it was performed by Kathryn Grayson, and was a number 1 chart hit in 1958 for The Platters. Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra performed the song with vocals by Bob Lawrence. This version of the song topped music charts in 1934. The Tommy Dorsey orchestra released their version in 1938. The B-side to Dorsey's single was

""Night and Day"". During the mid-to-late 1930s Larry Adler and Henry Hall recorded live radio performances of the song on BBC Radio. Adler's rendition was a syncopated, harmonic arrangement. Hall's was with the BBC orchestra with vocals by Dan Donovan. Hall's version was released as a 10"" single. Pianist Art Tatum said in an introduction in 1955 that he performed ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" in the 1930s. In 1941 the Benny Goodman Orchestra played the song on the radio with Helen Forrest. Forrest left the ensemble during the early part of 1941. Goodman replaced her with Peggy Lee. Her

No. 3 on the Rhythm and Blues chart. The song spent 20 weeks on the UK charts, peaking at Number 1 for one week on 20 March of that same year. Buck Ram, the producer, said that Harbach praised them ""for reviving his song with taste."" But the widow of composer Jerome Kern disliked the recording so much she considered legal action to prevent its distribution. Margaret Whiting released the song on her 1960 album ""Margaret Whiting Sings the Jerome Kern Songbook"". On February 2, 1964, Judy Garland performed the song comically on ""television show"". She sat at a small

table, singing longingly while the house burns and firefighters break down the door. While they carried her out, she continued singing. Bryan Ferry, of the band Roxy Music, released a cover version on his album ""Another Time, Another Place"" in 1974. A remake of the song by British band Blue Haze, formed by Johnny Arthey and Phil Swern, Penny McLean, of the West German band Silver Convention, released a solo version in 1975 on her album ""Lady Bump""; her version reached No. 6 on the ""Billboard"" Disco Singles chart. In 1994, the Ralph Dunnegan All Stars with the Adam Mansell

song, Polly Bergen performed the song during the series premiere of her variety show ""The Polly Bergen Show"", originally airing September 21, 1957. In 1958 Sarah Vaughan released her rendition on her album, ""No Count Sarah"". Eartha Kitt recorded ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" with the Henri Rene Orchestra in 1952. These sessions also yielded her hit single ""Santa Baby"". ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" was recorded in 1958 by The Platters for their album ""Remember When?"". The group's version became a number one hit in the U.S. on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 music chart. In 1959 it peaked at

"Tamara Drasin"
Tamara Drasin Tamara Drasin (c. 1905 – 22 February 1943), often credited as simply Tamara, was a singer and actress who introduced the song ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" in the 1933 Broadway musical ""Roberta"". Tamara Drasin is sometimes confused with two other performers of the 1930s musical era, the dancers Tamara Geva and Tamara Toumanova. Drasin was born around 1905 in the village of Sorochintsï in Poltava Governorate, what is modern-day Ukraine. With her dark, exotic looks and throbbing vocal style, Drasin was ideal casting material for European characters in musicals of the 1930s. In ""Free for All,"" she

a United Service Organizations plane crash near Lisbon, Portugal, on 22 February 1943. Drasin's story was partially told in the Jane Froman film ""With a Song in My Heart"" (1952). Froman suffered serious injuries in the same plane crash and later said that she had given Drasin her seat, which bothered Froman for the rest of her life. Tamara Drasin Tamara Drasin (c. 1905 – 22 February 1943), often credited as simply Tamara, was a singer and actress who introduced the song ""Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"" in the 1933 Broadway musical ""Roberta"". Tamara Drasin is sometimes confused with two

recording for a Mutual broadcast was released on the album ""Benny and Sid Roll 'Em"". Glenn Miller conducted his rendition of the song at Abbey Road Studios in 1944, but due to his death later that year, his version was unreleased until 1995. On October 30, 1946 Nat ""King"" Cole recorded the song in his trio with Oscar Moore on guitar and Johnny Miller on double bass during a live broadcast from New York City. Cole performed it on television in 1957 for ""The Nat King Cole Show"". Harry Belafonte made a recording of the song in 1949 with jazz

saxophonist Zoot Sims. This was one of Belafonte's first recordings. Sims' performance was parodied on December 10, 1977 on ""The Muppet Show"" by the character he inspired. In 1950 Charlie Parker and Jo Stafford each released versions of the song on their respective albums, ""Bird at St. Nick's"" and ""Autumn in New York"". Dinah Washington released the song in 1956, on her album ""Dinah!"". Jeri Southern named her 1957 album ""When Your Heart's On Fire"" after a lyric from the song; the album features her version of the song. The same year as Nat King Cole's televised performance of the

when did the soviet union first gain control of parts of poland and the baltic republics

"History of Russia"
crushed his forces in 1670; a year later Stenka was captured and beheaded. Yet, less than half a century later, the strains of military expeditions produced another revolt in Astrakhan, ultimately subdued. Much of Russia's expansion occurred in the 17th century, culminating in the first Russian colonisation of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) that incorporated left-bank Ukraine, and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Poland was divided in the 1790–1815 era, with much of the land and population going to Russia. Most of the 19th century growth came from adding territory in Asia, south of Siberia.

"Baltic states"
95% of Lithuania's pre-war Jewish community, and 66,000 Latvian Jews had been killed. The German occupation lasted until late 1944 (in Courland, until early 1945), when the countries were reoccupied by the Red Army and Soviet rule was re-established, with the passive agreement of the United States and Britain (see Yalta Conference and Potsdam Agreement). The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation in March 1949 (see Operation Priboi). Private farms were confiscated, and farmers were made to join the collective farms. In all three countries, Baltic partisans, known colloquially as the Forest

"History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)"
yet with far less turbulence, waste, destruction and sacrifice."" In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union extended its political and military influence over Eastern Europe, in a move that was seen by some as a continuation of the older policies of the Russian Empire. Some territories that had been lost by Soviet Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) were annexed by the Soviet Union after World War II: the Baltic states and eastern portions of interwar Poland. The Russian SFSR also gained the northern half of East Prussia (Kaliningrad Oblast) from Germany. The Ukrainian SSR gained

"History of Poland"
terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement signed by the three victorious Great Powers, the Soviet Union retained most of the territories captured as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939, including western Ukraine and western Belarus, and gained others. Lithuania and the Königsberg area of East Prussia were officially incorporated into the Soviet Union, in the case of the former without the recognition of the Western powers. Poland was compensated with the bulk of Silesia, including Breslau (Wrocław) and Grünberg (Zielona Góra), the bulk of Pomerania, including Stettin (Szczecin), and the greater southern portion of the former East Prussia,

"Russian Partition"
Russian Partition The Russian Partition (sometimes called Russian Poland) constituted the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were invaded by the Russian Empire in the course of late-18th-century Partitions of Poland. The Russian acquisition encompassed the largest share of Poland's population, living on 463,200 km (178,800 sq mi) of land constituting the eastern and central territory of the previous commonwealth. The first partitioning led by imperial Russia took place in 1772; the next one in 1793, and the final one in 1795, resulting in Poland's elimination for the next 123 years. To both Russians and Poles, the term ""Russian

"Sovietization of the Baltic states"
June 1941, the number confirmed executed, conscripted, or deported is estimated at a minimum of 124,467: 59,732 in Estonia, 34,250 in Latvia, and 30,485 in Lithuania. This included eight former heads of state and 38 ministers from Estonia, three former heads of state and 15 ministers from Latvia, and the then president, five prime ministers and 24 other ministers from Lithuania. A large-scale operation was planned for the night of 27–28 June 1941. It was postponed until after the war when the Germans invaded the USSR on June 22, 1941 – Operation Barbarossa. A Lithuanian government official claimed to have

"Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia, Volhynia and Northern Bukovina"
there. Ukraine and Belarus achieved independence in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union and became nation states delineated by borders of the 50-year-old republics. ""The process of amalgamation – wrote Orest Subtelny, a Canadian historian of Ukrainian descent – was not only a major aspect of the post-war period, but an event of epochal significance in the history of Ukraine."" Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia, Volhynia and Northern Bukovina On the basis of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, capturing the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic.

"Occupation of the Baltic states"
Occupation of the Baltic states The occupation of the Baltic states involved the military occupation of the three Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in June 1940. They were then incorporated into the Soviet Union as constituent republics in August 1940, though most Western powers never recognised their incorporation. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Third Reich incorporated the Baltic territory into its ""Reichskommissariat Ostland"". As a result of the Red Army's Baltic Offensive of

"Russian Empire"
Novgorod in 1478, or when Ivan the Terrible conquered Khanate of Kazan in 1552. According to another point of view, the term ""Tsardom"", which was used after the coronation of Ivan IV in 1547, was already a contemporary Russian word for empire. Much of Russia's expansion occurred in the 17th century, culminating in the first Russian colonisation of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) that incorporated left-bank Ukraine, and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Poland was divided in the 1790–1815 era, with much of the land and population going to Russia. Most of the 19th-century growth

States, Australia, Switzerland). Members of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian diplomatic services in Western countries continued to formulate and express the official opinion of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and protected the interests of these countries and their citizens abroad between 1940–1991, i.e., until the restoration of independence of the Baltic States. The Soviet Union reoccupied the Baltic states as part of the Baltic Offensive in 1944, a twofold military-political operation to rout German forces and the ""liberation of the Soviet Baltic peoples"" beginning in summer-autumn 1944, lasting until the capitulation of German and Latvian forces in Courland pocket in May 1945.

"James Lafferty"
such an intimate setting with fans."" James Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series ""One Tree Hill"" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including ""Beverly Hills, 90210"" and ""Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play

James Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series ""One Tree Hill"" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including ""Beverly Hills, 90210"" and ""Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play when he was ten years old.

"Jackson Brundage"
voiced Pablo in ""Einstein Pals"". Jackson Brundage was born in Los Angeles, California. He is the middle child of three and has an older sister and a younger brother. His pastimes are basketball, driving, and hanging out with his best friends. He is 5’1” tall Jackson Brundage Jackson Timothy Brundage (born January 21, 2001) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Jamie Scott on The CW's ""One Tree Hill"", a role he held from 2008 until the series's conclusion in 2012. Brundage was in the Nick at Nite sitcom, ""See Dad Run"" starring Scott Baio

"Paul Johansson"
Paul Johansson Paul Joseph Otto Johansson (born January 26, 1964) is an American-Canadian actor and director in film and television, best known for playing Dan Scott on the WB/CW series, ""One Tree Hill"", and for his role as Nick Wolfe on the short lived """" spin-off """". He directed the 2011 film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel, """". Paul Johansson was born in Spokane, Washington, the son of ice hockey player Earl Johnson, but raised in Kelowna, British Columbia He was an athlete like his father and played for the Canadian Olympic Basketball Team and for the University of British

"Tyler Hilton"
the Storm (2012) US #189; US Heatseekers Albums #2 Live in Atlanta (2012) Forget the Storm - Deluxe edition (2013) Indian Summer (2014) Better on Beachwood (2009) Ladies & Gentlemen (April 20, 2010) Tyler Hilton Tyler James Hilton (born November 22, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Hilton began his professional career in music in 2000. ""Rolling Stone magazine"" compared him to his contemporary, Howie Day, while others have compared Hilton to Elton John, both vocally and instrumentally. Since the release of his debut album, Hilton has ventured into acting, guest starring on The CW's ""One Tree Hill"" as

of the book of the same name by John Feinstein. The film centered on the 1985–86 season of Indiana University's college basketball team. In 2003, Lafferty was cast in his breakout role of Nathan Scott on The WB/The CW teen drama series ""One Tree Hill"". The series follows two estranged half-brothers, Nathan and Lucas Scott, who are put on the same basketball team, jeopardizing Nathan's position as the star player. In May 2011, The CW renewed the series for a ninth and final season, for which Lafferty chose to return on a recurring basis rather than in a full-time starring

"Craig Sheffer"
Craig Sheffer Craig Eric Sheffer (born April 23, 1960) is an American film and television actor. He is known for his leading roles as Norman Maclean in the film ""A River Runs Through It"", Aaron Boone in the film ""Nightbreed"", and Keith Scott on the television series ""One Tree Hill"". Sheffer was born in York, Pennsylvania. His father worked as a prison guard. Before becoming successful as an actor, Sheffer sold newspapers and ""slept under the marble staircase"" in Grand Central Terminal for weeks while living off Unification Church spaghetti dinners."" Sheffer was first seen on a nationwide basis as

Jackson Brundage Jackson Timothy Brundage (born January 21, 2001) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Jamie Scott on The CW's ""One Tree Hill"", a role he held from 2008 until the series's conclusion in 2012. Brundage was in the Nick at Nite sitcom, ""See Dad Run"" starring Scott Baio which lasted from 2012 to 2015. He was the first voice of Foo in the ""Nickelodeon"" series ""Harvey Beaks"" before being replaced by Tom Robinson. He has performed in film, television, and voice over. He played Charlie Allan Smith in ""Lime Salted Love"". He also

Hill (titled ""Danny Boy"", in which Paul's character Dan Scott dies) was dedicated to her memory. His brother Pete Johansson is a well known comedian, writer and actor currently living in London, England. He has a son named Quinn. Paul Johansson Paul Joseph Otto Johansson (born January 26, 1964) is an American-Canadian actor and director in film and television, best known for playing Dan Scott on the WB/CW series, ""One Tree Hill"", and for his role as Nick Wolfe on the short lived """" spin-off """". He directed the 2011 film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel, """". Paul Johansson was

"Nathan Scott"
Nathan Scott Nathan Royal Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series ""One Tree Hill"", portrayed by James Lafferty. Following Lucas Scott's departure, Nathan has become the main character and central figure of the show. Nathan is Lucas's younger half-brother. He fell in love with Lucas's best friend, Haley James; despite various problems in their relationship, the couple was eventually married and had a son, Jamie, in season four and a daughter, Lydia, in season eight. Considered to be an anti-hero at the beginning of the first season, Nathan became a much friendlier and more caring person as

"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"
at auction with the rest of her collections by owner actress Debbie Reynolds for $510,000 (not including the buyer's premium) in June 2011. The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled ""Gone with the Wind"" production). It stars

The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled ""Gone with the Wind"" production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat

at the Strand Theatre in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, on August 12. The Hollywood premiere was on August 15, 1939, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre. The New York City premiere, held at Loew's Capitol Theatre on August 17, 1939, was followed by a live performance with Garland and her frequent film co-star Mickey Rooney. They continued to perform there after each screening for a week, extended in Rooney's case for a second week and in Garland's to three (with ""Oz"" co-stars Ray Bolger and Bert Lahr replacing Rooney for the third and final week). The film opened nationwide on August 25, 1939. According

presented to her. But Baum biographer Michael Patrick Hearn says the Baum family denies ever seeing the coat or knowing of the story; Hamilton considered it a concocted studio rumor. Filming commenced October 13, 1938, on the MGM lot in Culver City, California, under the direction of Richard Thorpe (replacing original director Norman Taurog, who filmed only a few early Technicolor tests and was then reassigned). Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage (nine days in total) involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's

Lahr was signed for the Cowardly Lion on July 25, 1938; the next month, Charles Grapewin was cast as Uncle Henry on August 12. W. C. Fields was originally chosen for the title role of the Wizard, a role turned down by Ed Wynn as he thought the part was too small, but the studio ran out of patience after protracted haggling over Fields' fee. Wallace Beery lobbied for the role, but the studio refused to spare him during the long shooting schedule. Instead, another contract player, Frank Morgan, was cast on September 22. An extensive talent search produced over

better suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009. Cukor did not actually shoot any scenes for the film, merely acting as something of a ""creative advisor"" to the troubled production, and, because of his prior commitment to direct ""Gone with the Wind"", he left on November 3, 1938, when Victor Fleming assumed directorial responsibility. As director, Fleming chose not to shift the film

United States. The film received much acclaim upon its release. Frank Nugent considered the film a ""delightful piece of wonder-working which had the youngsters' eyes shining and brought a quietly amused gleam to the wiser ones of the oldsters. Not since Disney's ""Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"" has anything quite so fantastic succeeded half so well."" Nugent had issues with some of the film's special effects, writing, ""with the best of will and ingenuity, they cannot make a Munchkin or a Flying Monkey that will not still suggest, however vaguely, a Singer's Midget in a Jack Dawn masquerade. Nor

in directing ""Gone with the Wind""; the next day, King Vidor was assigned as director by the studio to finish the filming of ""The Wizard of Oz"" (mainly the sepia-toned Kansas sequences, including Garland's singing of ""Over the Rainbow"" and the tornado). In later years, when the film became firmly established as a classic, Vidor chose not to take public credit for his contribution until after the death of his friend Fleming in 1949. Principal photography concluded with the Kansas sequences on March 16, 1939; nonetheless, reshoots and pick-up shots were filmed throughout April and May and into June, under

Walshe, and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and Singer's Midgets as the Munchkins. Legendary for its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score and memorable characters, the film has become an icon of American popular culture. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to ""Gone with the Wind"". It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for ""Over the Rainbow"" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release,

earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time. The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; watching it became an annual tradition and, according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in

"Nodar Kumaritashvili"
at the site of the accident in three dimensions do not exist. The luge track built for use at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, was designed with two uphill sections to reduce speeds, and for runs about slower than the Whistler track. Nodar Kumaritashvili Nodar Kumaritashvili (; ; 25 November 198812 February 2010) was a Georgian one-man luger who suffered a fatal crash during a training run for the 2010 Winter Olympics competition in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, on the day of the opening ceremony. He became the fourth athlete to die during preparations for a Winter Olympics,

Nodar Kumaritashvili Nodar Kumaritashvili (; ; 25 November 198812 February 2010) was a Georgian one-man luger who suffered a fatal crash during a training run for the 2010 Winter Olympics competition in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, on the day of the opening ceremony. He became the fourth athlete to die during preparations for a Winter Olympics, and the seventh athlete to die in either a Summer or Winter Olympic Games. Kumaritashvili, who first began to participate in luge when he was 13, came from a family of seasoned lugers: his grandfather had introduced the sport to the Soviet republic of

Luge
Olympics on the Whistler Sliding Centre in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. Hours later, the International Luge Federation concluded that the accident was caused by a steering error and not a track error; nevertheless, changes to the track were made before the re-opening. Kumaritashvili was the fourth athlete to die while in preparation for a Winter Olympics competition, following speed skier Nicolas Bochatay, 27, who died while preparing for the Albertville 1992 games, British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki and skier Ross Milne, 19, who both died in the run-up to the Innsbruck 1964 games. The sport of luge is governed by the

"Eugenio Monti"
– the Commendatore of the Italian Republic and then retired to labor in his skiing facilities in Cortina. Suffering from Parkinson's disease, Monti committed suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head on December 1, 2003. Turn 19 at Cesana Pariol, the site of the 2006 Winter Olympic bobsled, luge, and skeleton competitions, was named for Monti. The bobsleigh track that Monti competed on for years in Cortina was renamed in his honor following his 2003 death. Eugenio Monti Eugenio Monti (23 January 1928 – 1 December 2003) was an Italian bobsledder. He is one of the most successful

dated 16 September 2010, the coroner ruled Kumaritashvili's death an accident brought on by an ""interaction of factors"", including the high speed of the track, its technical difficulty, and the athlete's relative unfamiliarity with the track. He wrote that during Kumaritashvili's training runs, it was reasonable to assume that ""Mr.Kumaritashvili was sliding faster than ever before in his life, and was attempting to go even faster, while simultaneously struggling to learn the intricacies of the track and the dynamics it created"". The coroner accepted that luging would always carry an element of risk and that the best practices known at

"Luge at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's singles"
of turn 15 late and not compensating for turn 16. Because of this fatality, an extra of wall was added after the end of Turn 16 and the ice profile was changed. It also moved the men's singles luge event from its starthouse to the one for both the women's singles and men's doubles event. Kumaritashvili is the first Olympic athlete to die at the Winter Olympics in training since the death of Nicolas Bochatay during a speed skiing practice at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the first luger to die in a practice event at the Winter Olympics since

"Nicolas Bochatay"
Nicolas Bochatay Nicolas Bochatay (August 27, 1964 – February 22, 1992) was a Swiss speed skier who died during the 1992 Winter Olympics. Bochatay was killed when he collided with a snow grooming vehicle on the morning of the speed skiing finals. He was the nephew of Olympic skier Fernande Bochatay. Bochatay, a carpenter, was twenty-seven years of age at the time of the accident. He was married and had two children. Fernande Bochatay, Nicolas' aunt, had won the bronze medal in the women's giant slalom during the 1968 Winter Olympics held in Grenoble, France. The 1991 Swiss Champion, Bochatay

"Harry Goelitz"
Harry Goelitz Harry George Goelitz (January 9, 1894 – May 14, 1971) was an American athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Goelitz was trained at Oak Park and River Forest High School by Bob Zuppke, and at Mercersburg Academy by Jimmy Curran. In late 1913 he was thrown out of Mercersburg due to leaving the grounds without permission. He transferred to Keewatin Academy in Wisconsin. In 1921 Goelitz's leg was crushed between a cement mixer and a road roller. He was rushed to hospital and recovered, but it is likely this accident ended his

"Renato Mizoguchi"
Renato Mizoguchi Renato Mizoguchi (born September 27, 1975) is a Brazilian luger who competed from 2001 to 2005. He is best known for his severe injuries suffered during the homologation process of Cesana Pariol, the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, in January 2005. Mizoguchi's injuries led to a donation set up by the International Luge Federation (FIL) in Germany to pay for his expenses and also to track modifications after discussion both by the FIL and the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation during 2005 with approval finally reached in October of that year.

"Luge at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Doubles"
was changed. It also moved the men's singles luge event from its starthouse to the one for both the women's singles and men's doubles event. Kumaritashvili is the first Olympic athlete to die at the Winter Olympics in training since 1992 and the first luger to die in a practice event at the Winter Olympics since Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski of Great Britain was killed at the luge track used for the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. It was also luge's first fatality (on an artificial track) since 10 December 1975, when an Italian luger was killed. Kumaritavili's teammate Levan Gureshidze withdrew

"Steve Speirs"
Steve Speirs Steve Speirs (born 22 February 1965) is a Welsh actor and occasional writer, who has appeared in films such as """" and """". He was born as Steven Roberts in Troed-y-rhiw, a village now in the borough of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales and went to school at Afon Taf High School where he found a taste for drama. He joined the National Youth Theatre of Wales and studied drama at Loughborough University. He says he took his stage name, Speirs, from the surname of a lecturer at college. Since graduating from university, Speirs has played Sloan in ""Eragon"", Andy

"Olivia Munn"
Olivia Munn Lisa Olivia Munn (born July 3, 1980) is an American actress and model. She began her professional career in television journalism before becoming an actress. In 2006, Munn starred as Mily Acuna on the series ""Beyond the Break"". She co-hosted ""Attack of the Show!"" from 2006 to 2010 and was a correspondent on ""The Daily Show"" from 2010 to 2011. Munn has also had supporting roles in various films and television series since 2004. She played the character Sloan Sabbith on the television series ""The Newsroom"" from 2012 to 2014, and has appeared in the films ""Magic Mike""

"Roy Thinnes"
Eternity"". He appeared on ""One Life to Live"" as Alex Crown from 1984-85, and as Sloan Carpenter from 1992-95. He also played a lead role in ""The Final Chapter,"" the first episode of the 1977 series ""Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected"" (known in the United Kingdom as ""Twist in the Tale""), and in ""The Crystal Scarab"", a first-season episode of """" in 1996. Thinnes was once considered by Paramount for the part of Captain Jean-Luc Picard in """". He also appeared in the 1988 pilot episode of ""Law & Order"", ""Everybody's Favorite Bagman"", as District Attorney Alfred Wentworth. By

"Denis Leary"
Denis Leary Denis Colin Leary (born August 18, 1957) is an American actor, comedian, writer and producer. Leary was the star and co-creator of ""Rescue Me"", which ended its seventh and final season on September 7, 2011. He has starred in many films including playing Captain George Stacy in Marc Webb's film, ""The Amazing Spider-Man"", Cleveland Browns Head Coach Vince Penn in Ivan Reitman's film, ""Draft Day"", and as the voice of Francis in ""A Bug's Life"" and Diego in the ""Ice Age"" franchise. From 2015 to 2016, Leary wrote and starred in the comedy series, ""Sex & Drugs &

"Kevin McHale (actor)"
McHale made a guest appearance on NBC's comedy series ""The Office"" in the season four episode ""Launch Party"", portraying a pizza delivery boy who is taken hostage by Michael Scott (Steve Carell). He then guest starred in three episodes of Nickelodeon's teen drama series ""Zoey 101"" as Dooley Fibadoo. In 2008, McHale guest starred in two episodes of HBO's dark fantasy drama series ""True Blood"", appearing as Neil Jones, a coroner's assistant. In 2009, McHale landed his breakout role as Artie Abrams in the Fox musical comedy-drama series ""Glee"". His character, who uses a wheelchair after a car accident, joins

"Kevin McCallister"
Prescott (Erick Avari) and maid Molly (Barbara Babcock). While Mr. Prescott makes Kevin a milkshake, he goes into the security room and gets caught by Mr. Prescott who gives Kevin another chance. With Natalie and Peter still away, Kevin notices his old nemesis Marv (French Stewart), who is the remaining member of the Wet/Sticky Bandits after ditching his last partner, Harry (who is still in jail), along with his new sidekick and wife Vera (Missi Pyle) outside the house. Kevin tries to get Mr. Prescott to answer the intercom, but unfortunately it doesn't work because Marv altered the security system.

"Kevin (Probably) Saves the World"
Cristela Alonzo, who played a lead role as the heaven-sent entity in the original pilot, was replaced by Kimberly Hebert Gregory after the series was picked up. The series was filmed in and around Atlanta Georgia, as well as in Austin, Texas. The pilot filmed March 23, 2017 in San Antonio, Texas at the San Antonio International Airport The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.73/10 based on 22 reviews. The website's consensus reads, ""Breezily entertaining, ""Kevin (Probably) Saves the World"" relies on its likable lead to carry its still-sketchy premise,

"Seth Peterson"
Seth Peterson Seth Peterson is an American actor, best known for his roles as Robbie Hansen from 1999 until 2002 on the television series ""Providence"" and Nate Westen on ""Burn Notice"" from 2007 through 2012. In addition to being a series regular on ""Providence"", Peterson had the recurring role of Nate Westen, brother of lead character Michael Westen. He had leading roles in independent features ""Sedona"" (2011) and ""Hate Crime"" (2005). Other roles include the ""Hallmark Entertainment"" Movie of the Week: ""Hard Ground"" (2003), in which Peterson co-starred as Burt Reynolds's son, Joshua; ""Godzilla"" (1998) and ""Can't Hardly Wait"" (1998).

"Brian Baumgartner"
webisodes. His co-stars Angela Kinsey and Oscar Nunez also shared the award. He also appeared in Ingrid Michaelson's music video ""Time Machine."" Baumgartner is an accomplished golfer. Brian Baumgartner Brian Bruce Baumgartner (born November 29, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Kevin Malone in the American adaptation of ""The Office"". Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Baumgartner attended Holy Innocents' Episcopal School. He attended and graduated from The Westminster Schools in 1991, one year before his co-star on ""The Office"" Ed Helms graduated. Brian won the World Series of poker tour in 2005 netting himself 3.3 million.

"Clash Royale"
4, 2016. The game was soft-launched on Android for those same countries on February 16, 2016 in the form of an Android application package. Both platforms received a global release on March 2, 2016. Upon its release, ""Clash Royale"" became the most downloaded and top-grossing app on the U.S. iOS App Store. ""Clash Royale"" mainly received positive reviews, with ""TouchArcade"" Eli Hodapp calling it ""absolutely phenomenal"" in his five-star review. ""Pocket Gamer"" Harry Slater gave the game a score of 9/10, summing up ""It's an incredible amount of rewarding fun, it's nail-biting at times, and there's content here that will

"Combat Rock"
Combat Rock Combat Rock is the fifth studio album by the English rock band The Clash. It was released on 14 May 1982 through CBS Records. In the United Kingdom, the album charted at number 2, spending 23 weeks in the UK charts and peaked at number 7 in the United States, spending 61 weeks on the chart. ""Combat Rock"" is the group's best-selling album, being certified double platinum in the United States. It contained two of The Clash's most popular songs, the singles ""Rock the Casbah"" and ""Should I Stay or Should I Go"". ""Combat Rock"" was the last

will never get past the MPAA ratings board, and the major theater chains will never play it un-rated. If you cut it enough to get an R rating there'd be nothing left."" In April 2013, the film was banned in Germany, but subsequently the ban was lifted following an objection by the German distributor Capelight Pictures. ""Battle Royale"" was released on December 16, 2000, in Japan, grossing domestically (over ). Over the next two years, the film was distributed to cinemas in 22 countries, throughout Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America (in addition to Mexico), gaining early cult film followings

in France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and the Philippines. The film grossed $895,894 overseas in seven countries, bringing worldwide revenue to . The first showing in the US was at the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley, California, in 2002. The original 113-minute version of the film began its first North American theatrical run at the Cinefamily Theater in Los Angeles on December 24, 2011 – 11 years after its original Japanese release. The planned 9-day run was extended another 6 days due to popular demand. Beginning in early 2012, the film has been publicly exhibited at screenings in many

Clash Royale Clash Royale is a video game developed and published by Supercell. The game combines elements from collectible card games, tower defense, and multiplayer online battle arena. The game was released globally on March 2, 2016. ""Clash Royale"" reached $1 billion in revenue in less than a year on the market. ""Clash Royale"" is a tower rush video game which pits players in games featuring two or four players (1v1 or 2v2) in which the objective is to destroy the most amount of opposing towers, with the destruction of the ""King's Tower"" being an instantaneous win. After three minutes,

friend of Joe Strummer Tymon Dogg released the song ""Once You Know"", which he recorded during the ""Combat Rock"" sessions with all four Clash members as his backing band. Combat Rock Combat Rock is the fifth studio album by the English rock band The Clash. It was released on 14 May 1982 through CBS Records. In the United Kingdom, the album charted at number 2, spending 23 weeks in the UK charts and peaked at number 7 in the United States, spending 61 weeks on the chart. ""Combat Rock"" is the group's best-selling album, being certified double platinum in the

"The Clash"
to Jones' departure the following year. The group continued with new members, but finally disbanded in early 1986. The Clash achieved commercial success in the United Kingdom with the release of their self-titled debut album, ""The Clash"", in 1977. Their third album, ""London Calling"", released in the UK in December 1979, earned them popularity in the United States when it was released there the following month. It was declared the best album of the 1980s a decade later by ""Rolling Stone"". In 1982, they reached new heights of success with the release of ""Combat Rock"", which spawned the US top

games to 1 on the ""Crown Championship World Finals"". The 2018 ""Clash Royale Crown Championship"" is scheduled to be held in Asia. ""Clash Royale"" are part of an e-sport demonstration event during Asian Games 2018 held in Indonesia. Eight countries are able to participate after having qualified from their respective regional qualification with Indonesia automatically qualified as host. Clash Royale Clash Royale is a video game developed and published by Supercell. The game combines elements from collectible card games, tower defense, and multiplayer online battle arena. The game was released globally on March 2, 2016. ""Clash Royale"" reached $1 billion

"The Clash (album)"
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In the United States, the Clash's debut studio album was released one year after ""Give 'Em Enough Rope"", making it their second release in the US. CBS in America had decided that the album was 'not radio friendly', so it was initially only available in the States during 1977–1978 as an import, and as such became the best-selling import of the year, shifting over 100,000 copies. In July 1979, Epic released a modified version of the album for the United States market. This version replaced four songs from the original version with

Though the album charted well in the UK, climbing to number 12, CBS refused to give it a US release, believing that its raw, barely produced sound would make it unsalable in that market. A North American version of the album with a modified track listing was released in 1979, after the UK original became the best-selling import album of the year in the United States. Chimes, whose career aspirations owed little to the punk ethos, had left the band again soon after the recording sessions. He later said, ""The point was I wanted one kind of life and they

"Ranjit Sagar Dam"
Kandi Township. Feasibility studies for the project began in 1953 and geotechnical studies continued until 1980. Construction began in 1981, the generators were commissioned in 2000 and the project complete in March 2001. The project is used for both irrigation purposes and power generation. It has a 600 Megawatt capacity. The dam is one of the highest earth-fill dams in India and has the largest diameter penstock pipes in the country. Several issues and claims were consistently reported by the govt of J&K to govt of Punjab over the usage of water, electricity, employment and compensation to the locals against

Ranjit Sagar Dam The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam, is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the Government of Punjab PSPCL on the Ravi River on the Border of two states of India Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. 60% of the lake is part of J&K. The project is situated near Pathankot city in Pathankot district of the state of Punjab and Kathua city and Basholi tehsil of Kathua district in J&K. The project is the largest hydroelectric dam of the state of Punjab. The township where the site is located is called Shah pur

on which the Punjab govt has never shown any interest to square them off. It is located upstream of the Madhopur Barrage at Madhopur. Ranjit Sagar Dam The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam, is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the Government of Punjab PSPCL on the Ravi River on the Border of two states of India Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. 60% of the lake is part of J&K. The project is situated near Pathankot city in Pathankot district of the state of Punjab and Kathua city and Basholi tehsil of Kathua district in

"Gandhi Sagar Dam"
Gandhi Sagar Dam The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur, Neemuch districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of . The dam's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 7 March 1954, and construction of the main dam was done by leading contractor Dwarka Das Agrawal & Associates and was completed in 1960. Additional dam structures

"Gobind Sagar"
Gobind Sagar Gobind Sagar is a man-made reservoir situated in Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh. It is formed by the Bhakra Dam. The reservoir is on the river Sutlej and is named in honour of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru. One of the world's highest gravity dams, the Bhakra dam rises nearly 225.5 m above its lowest foundations. Under the supervision of the American dam-builder, Harvey Slocum, work began in the year of 1955 and was completed in 1962. To maintain the level of water, the flow of river Beas was channelized to Gobind Sagar by the Beas-Sutlej link

"Rihand Dam"
Rihand Dam Rihand Dam (), also known as Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, is the largest dam of India by volume. The reservoir of Rihand Dam is called Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar and is India's largest artificial lake. Rihand Dam is a concrete gravity dam located at Pipri in Sonbhadra District in Uttar Pradesh, India. Its reservoir area is on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Rihand River, a tributary of the Son River. The catchment area of this dam extends over Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh whereas it supplies irrigation water in

"Rana Pratap Sagar Dam"
which needs enumeration for its bird species. The reservoir area supports considerable population of resident and migratory birds. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam The Ranapratap Sagar Dam is a gravity masonry dam of height built on the Chambal River at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan in India. It is part of integrated scheme of a cascade development of the river involving four projects starting with the Gandhi Sagar Dam in the upstream reach ( upstream) in Madhya Pradesh and the Jawahar Sagar Dam on the downstream ( downstream) with a terminal structure of the Kota Barrage ( further downstream) in Rajasthan for irrigation.

Rana Pratap Sagar Dam The Ranapratap Sagar Dam is a gravity masonry dam of height built on the Chambal River at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan in India. It is part of integrated scheme of a cascade development of the river involving four projects starting with the Gandhi Sagar Dam in the upstream reach ( upstream) in Madhya Pradesh and the Jawahar Sagar Dam on the downstream ( downstream) with a terminal structure of the Kota Barrage ( further downstream) in Rajasthan for irrigation. The direct benefit from the dam is hydropower generation of 172 MW (with four units of 43 MW

"Bhimgoda Barrage"
Bhimgoda Barrage The Bhimgoda Barrage, also referred to as the Bhimgoda Weir or Bhimgoda Head Works, is a barrage on the Ganges River at Har ki Pauri near Haridwar in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, India. Built as the headworks of the Upper Ganges Canal, an initial barrage was completed by 1854 and replaced twice; the final one completed in 1983. The primary purpose for the barrage is irrigation but it also serves to provide water for hydroelectric power production and control floods. The area behind the barrage is known as the Neel Dhara Bird Sanctuary and is a popular destination for

and pH range. Using high alkalinity water for irrigation converts the agriculture fields in to fallow Alkali soils. Rihand Dam Rihand Dam (), also known as Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, is the largest dam of India by volume. The reservoir of Rihand Dam is called Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar and is India's largest artificial lake. Rihand Dam is a concrete gravity dam located at Pipri in Sonbhadra District in Uttar Pradesh, India. Its reservoir area is on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Rihand River, a tributary of the Son River. The catchment

"Sword Art Online"
Japan on January 24, 2017. This RPG is available on iOS and Android devices. Featuring content from the anime series, ""Ordinal Scale"", and some original shorts written for event characters, players are allowed to play solo and progress through the story, or join up with others online to farm special items, equipment, and materials. Common events include ranked challenges against other players, floor clearing, character introductions and seasonal events. Players have the choice of spending real money to speed-up their progress. A game based in ""Gun Gale Online"", """", was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows on

2018, while a third season titled ""Sword Art Online: Alicization"" premiered on October 7, 2018. A live-action series will be produced by Netflix. Six video games based on the series have been released for multiple consoles. ""Sword Art Online"" has received widespread commercial success, with the light novels having over 20 million copies sold worldwide. The anime series has received mixed to positive reviews, praised for its animation, musical score, and exploration of the psychological aspects of virtual reality, but criticized for its pacing and writing. The light novel series spans several virtual reality worlds, beginning with the titular world

on August 2, 2016, that they had acquired the global rights to produce a live-action television adaptation of Reki Kawahara's ""Sword Art Online"" light novel series. Laeta Kalogridis has been attached to write a script for the pilot, and will also serve as executive producer for the series alongside Skydance CEO David Ellison, Dana Goldberg, and Marcy Ross. Skydance has stated their intent to ""fast-track"" the launch of the series, along with plans to follow the TV series with the release of a ""Sword Art Online"" virtual reality experience. In February 2018, it was reported that the live-action series had

titled """" was released in Japan on March 26, 2015 on the PlayStation 3 and Vita platforms, with an English version being released in Asia. The game's producer revealed in October 2014 that the game is an open-world action RPG featuring an original storyline, set within Alfheim Online, where characters are able to fly. The game sold 139,298 physical retail copies on the PlayStation Vita in addition to another 55,090 units on the PlayStation 3 within its first week of release in Japan, ranking second and sixth place respectively within the Japanese software sales charts for that particular week, narrowly

NerveGear were created by Akihiko Kayaba. On November 6, 10,000 players log into the ""SAO""s mainframe cyberspace for the first time, only to discover that they are unable to log out. Kayaba appears and tells the players that they must beat all 100 floors of Aincrad, a steel castle which is the setting of ""SAO"", if they wish to be free. Those who suffer in-game deaths or forcibly remove the NerveGear out-of-game will suffer real-life deaths. One of the players, named Kazuto ""Kirito"" Kirigaya, is one of 1,000 testers in the game's previous closed beta. With the advantage of previous

February 23, 2018. Bandai Namco Entertainment released the ""Sword Art Online VR: Lovely Honey Days"" mobile game for iOS and Android devices in Japan. The game's first episode is free-to-play, while the second episode and so on can be purchased as additional content. Bandai Namco has announced """", an exploration action RPG that supports up to three players in online co-op and it is the first arcade game in the ""Sword Art Online"" series. It will launch in Japanese arcades in spring 2019. ""Sword Art Online"" is a planned American live-action television adaptation of ""Sword Art Online"". Skydance Television announced

Asada with 2,145 points and Asuna Yuuki with 1,345 points. Sword Art Online An anime television series produced by A-1 Pictures, known simply as ""Sword Art Online"", aired in Japan between July and December 2012, with television film ""Sword Art Online: Extra Edition"" airing on December 31, 2013, and a second season, titled ""Sword Art Online II"", airing between July and December 2014. An animated film titled """" featuring an original story by Kawahara premiered in Japan and Southeast Asia on February 18, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 9, 2017. A spin-off anime series titled

"Sword Art Online Alternative Gun Gale Online"
ASCII Media Works ""seinen"" manga magazine ""Dengeki Maoh"" on October 27, 2015. Yen Press announced their license to the series at Sakura-Con on April 15, 2017. An anime television series adaptation was announced at the Dengeki Bunko Fall Festival 2017 event on October 1, 2017. The series is directed by Masayuki Sakoi, written by Yōsuke Kuroda, and animated by studio 3Hz, with character designs by Yoshio Kosakai. The opening theme song is by Eir Aoi and the ending theme song is ""To see the future"" by Tomori Kusunoki. The series aired in Japan between April 8 and June 30, 2018,

Sword Art Online An anime television series produced by A-1 Pictures, known simply as ""Sword Art Online"", aired in Japan between July and December 2012, with television film ""Sword Art Online: Extra Edition"" airing on December 31, 2013, and a second season, titled ""Sword Art Online II"", airing between July and December 2014. An animated film titled """" featuring an original story by Kawahara premiered in Japan and Southeast Asia on February 18, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 9, 2017. A spin-off anime series titled ""Sword Art Online Alternative Gun Gale Online"" premiered in April

"Swordsman Online"
Swordsman Online Swordsman is a free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) by Perfect World Entertainment and is currently available exclusively on Arc. Closed Beta began on June 16, 2014, and was open to all users with a Closed Beta key. On June 27, 2014, the closed beta ended and the open beta began on July 1, 2014 for players with early access benefits and July 3, 2014, for all players. The game shut down on June 5 2018. Swordsman is based upon the novel The Smiling, Proud Wanderer (Xiao Ao Jiang Hu) by Louis Cha, the best-selling Chinese writer

Viet Cong was dissolved. The Party emphasized development of heavy industry and collectivization of agriculture. Over the next few years, private enterprises were seized by the government and their owners were often sent to the New Economic Zones—a communist euphemism for a thick jungle—to clear land. The farmers were coerced into state-controlled cooperatives. Transportation of food and goods between provinces was deemed illegal except by the government. Within a short period of time, Vietnam was hit with severe shortages of food and basic necessities. The Mekong Delta, once a world-class rice-producing area, was threatened with famine. During the mid-1980s, inflation

camps, where many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to perform hard labor. The New Economic Zones program was implemented by the Vietnamese communist government after the Fall of Saigon. Between 1975 and 1980, more than 1 million northerners migrated to the south and central regions formerly under the Republic of Vietnam. This program, in turn, displaced around 750,000 to over 1 million Southerners from their homes and forcibly relocated them to uninhabited mountainous forested areas. Compounding economic difficulties were new military challenges. In the late 1970s, Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge regime started harassing and raiding Vietnamese

in Southeast Asia. During the 1930s, the CPV was nearly wiped out under French suppression with the execution of top leaders such as Phú, Lê Hồng Phong, and Nguyễn Văn Cừ. During World War II, Japan invaded Indochina in 1940, keeping the Vichy French colonial administration in place as a puppet. In 1941 Nguyễn Ái Quốc, now known as Hồ Chí Minh, arrived in northern Vietnam to form the Việt Minh Front, and it was supposed to be an umbrella group for all parties fighting for Vietnam's independence, but was dominated by the Communist Party. The Việt Minh had a

founding the Quốc Tử Giám, the first noble university; holding regular examinations to select capable commoners for government positions once every three years; organizing a new system of taxation; establishing humane treatment of prisoners. Women were holding important roles in Lý society as the court ladies were in charge of tax collection. The Lý dynasty also promoted Buddhism, yet maintained a pluralistic attitude toward the three main philosophical systems of the time: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. The Lý dynasty had two major wars with Song China, and a few invasive campaigns against neighboring Champa in the south. The most notable

by the Vietnamese coast guards, and many perished at sea due to boats sinking, capsizing in storms, starvation and thirst. Another major threat was the pirates in the Gulf of Thailand, who viciously robbed, raped, and murdered the boat people. In many cases, they massacred the whole boat. Sometimes the women were raped for days before being sold into prostitution. The people who crossed Cambodia faced equal dangers with mine fields, and the Khmer Rouge and Khmer Serei guerillas, who also robbed, raped, and killed the refugees. Some were successful in fleeing the region and landed in numbers in Malaysia,

their own militias. Under the terms of the Accord between France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 6 March 1946: The seat of the conference was held at either Hanoi, Saigon or Paris. In 1947 full-scale war broke out between the Viet Minh and France. Realizing that colonialism was coming to an end worldwide, France fashioned a semi-independent State of Vietnam, within the French Union, with Bảo Đại as head of state. Meanwhile, as the Communists under Mao Zedong took over China, the Viet Minh began to receive military aid from China. Beside supplying materials, Chinese cadres also pressured

cultural, or technological innovations. Reformers looked only to the past for inspiration. Literacy remained the provenance of the upper classes. Initially, Chinese was used for writing purposes, but by the 13th century, a set of derivative characters known as Chữ Nôm emerged that allowed native Vietnamese words to be written. However, it remained limited to poetry, literature, and practical texts like medicine while all state and official documents were written in Classical Chinese. Aside from some mining and fishing, agriculture was the primary activity of most Vietnamese, and economic development and trade were not promoted or encouraged by the state.

from execution and placed under house arrest until his death in 1940. In 1927, the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Vietnamese Nationalist Party), modeled after the Kuomintang in China, was founded, and the party launched the armed Yên Bái mutiny in 1930 in Tonkin which resulted in its chairman, Nguyễn Thái Học and many other leaders captured and executed by the guillotine. Marxism was also introduced into Vietnam with the emergence of three separate Communist parties; the Indochinese Communist Party, Annamese Communist Party and the Indochinese Communist Union, joined later by a Trotskyist movement led by Tạ Thu Thâu. In

Vietnam
Empire was allowed to station its troops in Vietnam while permitting the pro-Vichy French colonial administration to continue. Japan exploited Vietnam's natural resources to support its military campaigns, culminating in a full-scale takeover of the country in March 1945 and the Vietnamese Famine of 1945, which caused up to two million deaths. In 1941, the Việt Minh which is a nationalist liberation movement based on a Communist ideology emerged under the Vietnamese revolutionary leader Hồ Chí Minh who sought independence for Vietnam from France and the end of the Japanese occupation. Following the military defeat of Japan and the fall

"Aaron Burr"
Aaron Burr Aaron Burr Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was an American politician. He was the third Vice President of the United States (1801–1805), serving during Thomas Jefferson's first term. Burr served as a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War, after which he became a successful lawyer and politician. He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784–1785, 1798–1799), was appointed New York State Attorney General (1789–1791), was chosen as a U.S. senator (1791–1797) from the State of New York, and reached the apex of his career as vice president. In the waning

"Thomas Jefferson"
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. Jefferson

"Presidency of Thomas Jefferson"
Presidency of Thomas Jefferson The presidency of Thomas Jefferson began on March 4, 1801, when he was inaugurated as the third President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1809. Jefferson assumed the office after defeating incumbent President John Adams in the 1800 presidential election. The election was a realigning election in which the Democratic-Republican Party swept the Federalist Party out of power, ushering in a generation of Democratic-Republican dominance in American politics. After serving two terms, Jefferson was succeeded by Secretary of State James Madison, also of the Democratic-Republican Party. Jefferson took office determined to roll back

"Timothy Pickering"
Timothy Pickering Timothy Pickering (July 17, 1745January 29, 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. He also represented Massachusetts in both houses of Congress as a member of the Federalist Party. Born in Salem, Massachusetts, Pickering began a legal career after graduating from Harvard University. He won election to the Massachusetts General Court and served as a county judge. He also became an officer in the colonial militia and served in the Siege of Boston during the

"Third and fourth terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt"
Committee, the first national program designed to prevent employment discrimination. The two-term tradition had been an unwritten rule (until the ratification the 22nd Amendment after Roosevelt's presidency) since George Washington declined to run for a third term in 1796. Both Ulysses S. Grant and Theodore Roosevelt were attacked for trying to obtain a third non-consecutive term. Roosevelt systematically undercut prominent Democrats who were angling for the nomination, including Vice President John Nance Garner and two cabinet members, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Postmaster General James Farley. Roosevelt moved the convention to Chicago where he had strong support from the

"Presidency of George Washington"
maintaining a peaceful world order. Since then, the U.S. has signed numerous treaties of alliance with foreign nations. Washington's announcement on September 19, 1796, that he would not be a candidate for a third term was, in the words of congressman Fisher Ames, ""a signal, like dropping a hat, for the party racers to start."" During the ensuing ten weeks, partisans from both factions sprang into action in an intensive and focused effort to influence the outcome of the electoral vote. Like the previous two presidential elections, no candidates were put forward for voters to choose between in 1796. The

"George Clinton (vice president)"
George Clinton (vice president) George Clinton (July 26, 1739April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and statesman, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A prominent Democratic-Republican, Clinton served as the fourth Vice President of the United States from 1805 until his death in 1812. He also served as Governor of New York from 1777 to 1795 and from 1801 to 1804. Along with John C. Calhoun, he is one of two vice presidents to hold office under two presidents. Clinton served in the French and Indian War, rising to the rank of lieutenant in the colonial

Bridge in honor of Clinton. George Clinton (vice president) George Clinton (July 26, 1739April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and statesman, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A prominent Democratic-Republican, Clinton served as the fourth Vice President of the United States from 1805 until his death in 1812. He also served as Governor of New York from 1777 to 1795 and from 1801 to 1804. Along with John C. Calhoun, he is one of two vice presidents to hold office under two presidents. Clinton served in the French and Indian War, rising to the rank

1944, shortly after his 62nd birthday, he underwent testing and was found to have high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease causing angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure. On March 29, 1945, Roosevelt went to the Little White House at Warm Springs, Georgia, to rest before his anticipated appearance at the founding conference of the United Nations. On the afternoon of April 12, Roosevelt said, ""I have a terrific pain in the back of my head."" He then slumped forward in his chair, unconscious, and was carried into his bedroom. The president's attending cardiologist, Dr. Howard Bruenn, diagnosed a massive

"Rio (2011 film)"
main cast, including Anne Hathaway, Jesse Eisenberg, Jemaine Clement, Jamie Foxx, will.i.am, Tracy Morgan, George Lopez, Jake T. Austin, Leslie Mann, and Rodrigo Santoro, reprised their roles. New cast includes Andy García, Bruno Mars, Kristin Chenoweth, Rita Moreno, Amandla Stenberg, Rachel Crow, Pierce Gagnon, and Natalie Morales. The sequel follows Blu, Jewel and their three kids on a venture into the Amazon where they try to live like real birds. Eventually, they find Jewel's long-lost father Eduardo, who is in hiding with a tribe of other Spix's macaw. At first everything seems perfect, but Blu is having trouble adapting to

like any other soldier—to which the colonel somewhat reluctantly agrees. By his willingness to undergo any test and trial, Jeff is befriended by a pair of older recruits, Travis Tyree (Ben Johnson) (who is on the run from the law) and Daniel ""Sandy"" Boone (Harry Carey, Jr.), who take him under their wings. With the arrival of Yorke's estranged wife, Kathleen (Maureen O'Hara), who has come to take the underage Yorke home by buying him out of his enlistment, further tension is added. During the Civil War, Yorke had been forced by circumstances to burn Bridesdale, his wife's plantation home

"Robert Gillespie"
Robert Gillespie Robert James Gillespie (born 9 November 1933 in Lille, France) is a British actor, director and writer. Notable acting credits include ""Keep It in the Family"" (1980), ""At the Earth's Core"" (1976) and ""Force 10 from Navarone"" (1978). More recently he appeared in Jimmy McGovern's ""Broken"" and Mike Leigh's film ""Peterloo"" about the Peterloo Massacre. The first volume of his autobiography, ""Are You Going To Do That Little Jump?"", was published in 2017. Gillespie is the eldest child of Magdalena Katalin Singer, from Budapest, Hungary; and James William Gillespie, from Toronto, Canada. He was born in Lille, but

Rio Bravo (film) Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne, Dean Martin, Ricky Nelson, Angie Dickinson, Walter Brennan, and Ward Bond. Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett, based on the short story ""Rio Bravo"" by B. H. McCampbell, the film is about the sheriff of the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher to help his drunken deputy/friend. With the help of a cripple and a young gunfighter, they hold off the rancher's gang. ""Rio Bravo"" was filmed on location at

"Robert Hays"
He has performed in many television movies and has done voice work such as the title character on the Marvel Comics adaptation of ""Iron Man"". In 2013, Hays appeared in a slapstick-laden TV spot promoting tourism in Wisconsin, which also reunited him with ""Airplane!"" co-director David Zucker. Robert Hays Robert Hays (born July 24, 1947) is an American actor, best known for his roles in film as pilot Ted Striker in ""Airplane!"" (also known as ""Flying High"") and , and for his role as Robert Seaver in """" (1993). In television, he starred as the title character in 22 episodes

"Uncle Wiggily"
and patched scarlet trousers, is somewhat stout, with a giraffe-skin body and bovine tail, and walks upright on two legs. As do the other characters, he has hands, but bears hooves for feet. He is normally accompanied by the crow-like Skeezicks, in his tall red cap and red-and-yellow-striped suit, and the two of them rarely engage in anything other than mischief harmless to the other characters in the storyline. The Bazumpus, the Crozokus, and the Scuttlemagoon appear less frequently, but are just as outlandish as the aforementioned ""Pip"" and ""Skee"", and always require appropriate ""handling"" by Uncle Wiggily—often with the

large ghostly head surrounded by fire and smoke. He agrees to grant their wishes if they prove their worth by bringing him the Witch's broomstick. As the four (plus Toto) make their way to the Witch's castle, the Witch sends her winged monkeys to capture Dorothy and Toto. At the castle, the Witch realizes that Dorothy must be dead before the ruby slippers can be removed. Toto escapes and leads her three friends to the castle. They ambush three guards, don the guards' uniforms, and march inside to locate Dorothy. The Witch and her guards chase them through the castle

"Dorothy Gale"
series). This aspect of her character was somewhat lessened by her companionship of Ozma, in whom Baum placed the greater level of wisdom and dignity. Yet even this is complicated by her associations with her cousin, Zeb of Hugson's Ranch, a rugged, manly boy who does not take well to Oz and cannot think of anything much more interesting than defeating the Munchkins' wrestling champion, which he proves unable to do. Dorothy has several other pets, including her white/pink/purple kitten, Eureka. Popular in crossword puzzles is Dorothy's cow, Imogene, from the 1902 stage version, and is implied, though unnamed, in

"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz"
cat named Tom and a mouse named Jerry. Aunt Em asks Tom and Jerry to put their differences aside, and watch over Dorothy; the two reluctantly agree. Later, Miss Almira Gulch, who was bitten by Toto earlier, arrives at the Gale farm and takes him away to be put down. Witnessing this, Tom and Jerry give chase and free Toto, but a scuffle between Tom, Jerry, and Miss Gulch culminate in them crashing into a pit. Dorothy runs away from home with Toto shortly afterwards. As Tom and Jerry return home, a tornado hits the area and the two seek

"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"
while the Scarecrow's straw hides the other three. She sends her Winkie soldiers to attack them, but the Cowardly Lion stands firm to repel them. Finally, she uses the power of the Golden Cap to send the winged monkeys to capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Cowardly Lion, unstuff the Scarecrow, and dent the Tin Woodman. Dorothy is forced to become the Wicked Witch's personal slave, while the witch schemes to steal Dorothy's Silver Shoes. The Wicked Witch successfully tricks Dorothy out of one of her Silver Shoes. Angered, Dorothy throws a bucket of water at her and is shocked to

Merrow
Keightley who acknowledged the fabrication claimed that by sheer coincidence, similar folktales were indeed to be found circulated in areas of Cork and Wicklow. The male merrow in the story, called Coomara (meaning ""sea-hound""), has green hair and teeth, pig-like eyes, a red nose, grows a tail between his scaly legs, and has stubby fin-like arms. Commentators, starting with Croker and echoed by O'Hanlon and Yeats after him, stated categorically that this description fitted male merrows in general, and ugliness ran generally across the entire male populace of its kind, the red nose possibly attributable to their love of brandy.

but when he attempts to help out Fred and Barney, he usually ends up causing even more trouble. The only people who are able to see Gazoo are Fred, Barney, and the children; animals also can see him. A running gag is that Fred argues with Gazoo while Wilma believes that he is talking to himself. When their daughter, Pebbles, says ""Gazoo"", Wilma thinks Pebbles is sneezing. The plot point regarding Gazoo trying to return home is never resolved because of the cancellation of the original series. The character does not appear, nor is he referred to, in the immediate

"Ördög"
ram-like horns, a long tail ending in a blade, and he carries a pitchfork. He can also be distinguised by his overtly large phallus. He dwells in the underworld or hell (""Pokol"" in Hungarian) constantly stirring a huge cauldron filled with souls of those who lived in sin. When he does come to earth, according to some legends, Ördög hides in the walls of victims and makes subtle noises that sound high pitched and even squeaky. In other legends, when he comes to earth, he takes the form of a fox, a dark flame or Hungarian shepherd with dark, sparkling

"Dogsbody (novel)"
Sirius is born into a litter of puppies. Discovered as mongrels, the puppies are thrown into the river in a sack. Kathleen O'Brien rescues a filthy, wet, dying Sirius, and names him Leo. The Duffields are a family of four: Mr. Duffield, who is rather oblivious to everything; Daphne (""Duffy""), who makes pottery and bullies Kathleen because she's Irish; Basil, who has a heart of gold, and also obsessed with ""meteorite""; and Robin, who is kind but afraid of the older Basil. There are also three cats (Tibbles, and her twin sons Remus and Romulus), who grudgingly befriend Sirius. Sirius

Cerberus
Cerberus In Greek mythology, Cerberus (; ""Kerberos"" ), often called the ""hound of Hades"", is a multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the Underworld to prevent the dead from leaving. Cerberus was the offspring of the monsters Echidna and Typhon, and usually is described as having three heads, a serpent for a tail, and snakes protruding from parts of his body. Cerberus is primarily known for his capture by Heracles, one of Heracles' twelve labours. Descriptions of Cerberus vary, including the number of his heads. Cerberus was usually three-headed, though not always. Cerberus had several multi-headed relatives. His father

"Warriors (novel series)"
prophecies will be interpreted and as always, cats will die before the Clans know peace again. The fourth book, ""Darkest Night,"" was released on 7 November 2017. The fifth book, ""River of Fire"", was released on 10 April 2018. The sixth book, ""The Raging Storm"", was released on 6 November 2018. ""Warriors: The Broken Code"" is the seventh sub-series. The first book, ""Lost Stars"" will be released on 9 April 2019. Super Editions are stand alone books in the ""Warriors"" series that are approximately double the length of a normal ""Warriors"" book, about 500 pages long. Six field guides have

and ""Bramblestar's Storm."" The seventh sub-series, ""Warriors: The Broken Code,"" has been announced. The first book in the seventh series, ""Lost Stars"" will release on 9 April 2019. Other books have been released in addition to the main series, including ten lengthier stand-alone ""Super Edition"" novels entitled ""Firestar's Quest"", ""Bluestar's Prophecy"", ""SkyClan's Destiny"", ""Crookedstar's Promise"", ""Yellowfang's Secret"", ""Tallstar's Revenge"", ""Bramblestar's Storm"", ""Moth Flight's Vision"", ""Hawkwing's Journey"", ""Tigerheart's Shadow"" and the latest one ""Crowfeather’s Trial"". There are also a few other books that were published as e-book novellas: ""Hollyleaf's Story"", ""Mistystar's Omen"", ""Cloudstar's Journey"", ""Tigerclaw's Fury"", ""Leafpool's Wish"", ""Dovewing's Silence"", ""Mapleshade's

have made camp near ShadowClan. Meanwhile, the ShadowClan apprentices start to lose faith in the warrior code, and many of them eventually join the rogues, including Needlepaw, who brings Violetkit with her. The third book, ""Shattered Sky,"" was released on 11 April 2017. It details the war that ensues between the Clans and Darktail's so called Kin after his annexation of ShadowClan. It heavily focuses on the sisters Twigpaw and Violetpaw as they find themselves on two different sides of a very brutal conflict that will determine the fate of the Clans. Battles will be fought, loyalties will be tested,

third story arc left off. The fifth sub-series ""Warriors: Dawn of the Clans"", was published from 2013 to 2015. The sub-series acts as a prequel series, detailing the formation of the Clans. The sixth and most recent sub-series, ""Warriors: A Vision of Shadows,"" had its final book released on 6 November 2018, completing the ""A Vision of Shadows"" series. The first book of the sixth series, ""The Apprentice's Quest"", was released on 15 March 2016, and the second book, ""Thunder and Shadow"", was released on 6 September 2016. Chronologically, ""Warriors: A Vision of Shadows"" follows ""Warriors: Omen of the Stars,""

leader Firestar, who discover that they have a special power. The fourth series, ""Warriors: Omen of the Stars"", was released from 2009 to 2012 and consists of six books: ""The Fourth Apprentice"" ""(November 24, 2009)"", ""Fading Echoes"" ""(March 23, 2010)"", ""Night Whispers"" ""(November 23, 2010)"", ""Sign of the Moon"" ""(April 5, 2011)"", ""The Forgotten Warrior"" ""(November 22, 2011)"", and ""The Last Hope"" ""(April 3, 2012)"". It is a direct continuation of """", wherein Hollyleaf dies and Dovewing replaces her. The fifth series, ""Warriors: Dawn of the Clans"", was released from 5 March 2013 to 1 September 2015 and consists of

Clan leaders decide that ShadowClan should take one kit and ThunderClan should take the other. ThunderClan takes Twigkit and ShadowClan takes Violetkit. The second book, ""Thunder and Shadow,"" was released on 6 September 2016. It follows Twigkit and Violetkit's lives in ThunderClan and ShadowClan. The two kits struggle to find their place in their respective Clans, and feel lonely. However, Alderpaw and Needlepaw befriend the kits, and even arrange for them to meet in secret between the two Clans' borders. The Clan cats discover that the rogues from ""A Vision of Shadows"" followed the quest cats to the lake, and

six books: ""The Sun Trail"" ""(March 5, 2013)"", ""Thunder Rising"" ""(November 5, 2013)"", ""The First Battle"" ""(April 8, 2014)"", ""The Blazing Star"" ""(November 4, 2014)"", ""A Forest Divided"" ""(April 7, 2015)"", and ""Path of Stars"" ""(September 1, 2015)"". ""Warriors: Dawn of the Clans"" May also be known as the """"Prequel Series"""", due to it being about how the five clans ""(ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, and SkyClan)"" were created. In ""The Sun Trail"", prey is scarce in the mountain home of the Tribe of Pointed Stones, so a cat named Gray Wing and his companions must leave to find more food

"Wings of Fire (book series)"
Mountain. The series is currently being converted to a graphic novel format, beginning with ""The Dragonet Prophecy"" and with an expected release date for ""The Lost Heir"" on February 26th, 2019. Currently, a total of nineteen books have been released: two complete mainstream arcs of five books each and the first book of a third arc, four ""Winglets"", the paperback collection of the first three ""Winglets"", one ""Legends"", and the graphic novel of the first book. Clay. Tsunami. Glory. Starflight. Sunny. Moonwatcher. Winter. Peril. Turtle. Qibli. Darkstalker. Clearsight. Fathom. Blue. Sundew. Luna. Swordtail. Cricket. Io. Admiral. A prequel in the

""To the land across the sea"" ""Where dragons are poisoned and dragons are dying"" ""And no one can ever be free."" ""A secret lurks inside their eggs."" ""A secret hides within their book."" ""A secret buried far below"" ""May save those brave enough to look"" ""Open your hearts, your minds, your wings"" ""To the dragons who flee from the Hive."" ""Face a great evil with talons united"" ""Or none of the tribes will survive."" The eleventh book in the series was published recently, on June 26, 2018. It is from the point of view of a male SilkWing called Blue,

with the exception of the manga, has been released in e-book format for popular e-readers such as the Barnes & Noble Nook and Amazon Kindle. The series has also been translated into several languages. In addition, the series has a website featuring games, promotional videos, quizzes, and news. The official message boards closed on 12 August 2016. Major themes in the series deal with adventure, forbidden love, the concept of nature vs. nurture, the reactions of different faiths meeting each other, and characters being a mix of good and bad. The authors draw inspiration from several natural locations and other

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a single state in its entirety, with each state being equally represented by two senators, regardless of its population, serving staggered terms of six years; with 50 states currently in the Union, there are 100 U.S. Senators. From 1789 until

United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States. The legislature consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 representatives and 100 senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of

Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation allowed to vote in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two ""shadow U.S. Senators"", but they are officials of the D.C. City Government and not members of the U.S. Senate. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. The disparity between the most and least populous states has grown since the Connecticut Compromise, which granted each state two members of the Senate and at least one member of the House of Representatives, for a total minimum

"Federal Senate"
delayed calling the first election, which had led to accusations that he would attempt to establish an absolutist government. Currently, the Senate comprises 81 seats. Three Senators from each of the 26 states and three Senators from the Federal District are elected on a majority basis to serve eight-year terms. Elections are staggered so that two-thirds of the upper house is up for election at one time and the remaining one-third four years later. When one seat is up for election in each State, each voter casts one vote for the Senate; when two seats are up for election, each

"Classes of United States Senators"
have 34 senators. Class 1 consists of: States with a class 1 senator: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Class 2 consists of: States with a class 2 senator: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,

of the United Kingdom and other parliamentary bodies in the Commonwealth of Nations and elsewhere. Each senator chooses a desk based on seniority within the party. By custom, the leader of each party sits in the front row along the center aisle. Forty-eight of the desks date back to 1819, when the Senate chamber was reconstructed after the original contents were destroyed in the 1812 Burning of Washington. Further desks of similar design were added as new states entered the Union. It is a tradition that each senator who uses a desk inscribes his or her name on the inside

"U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)"
U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs) This is a bibliography of U.S. congressional memoirs by former and current U.S. Senators. The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.,

of three presidential electors, regardless of population. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming, based on the 1790 and 2000 censuses. This means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, reducing the disparity of representation. Before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the individual state legislatures. Problems with repeated vacant seats due

considered in determining which is the majority party. At one end of the chamber of the Senate is a dais from which the presiding officer presides. The lower tier of the dais is used by clerks and other officials. One hundred desks are arranged in the chamber in a semicircular pattern and are divided by a wide central aisle. The Democratic Party traditionally sits to the presiding officer's right, and the Republican Party traditionally sits to the presiding officer's left, regardless of which party has a majority of seats. In this respect, the Senate differs from the House of Commons

to its overall strength. Most committee work is performed by 16 standing committees, each of which has jurisdiction over a field such as finance or foreign relations. Each standing committee may consider, amend, and report bills that fall under its jurisdiction. Furthermore, each standing committee considers presidential nominations to offices related to its jurisdiction. (For instance, the Judiciary Committee considers nominees for judgeships, and the Foreign Relations Committee considers nominees for positions in the Department of State.) Committees may block nominees and impede bills from reaching the floor of the Senate. Standing committees also oversee the departments and agencies of

"Live from the Red Carpet"
Live from the Red Carpet Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic. The program airs the day of every major award show (Primetime Emmy Awards, Golden Globe Award, Academy Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards and Grammy Awards) and have three other programs that

"E! News"
Culiner, Sibley Scoles, Will Marfuggi, Erin Lim, Marc Malkin, and Justin Sylvester are correspondents. Ryan Seacrest, who anchored the show from 2006 until the signing of his new NBCUniversal deal in April 2012, remains a contributing correspondent, and is also managing editor of the program with Rancic. In July 2015, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that Maria Menounos would replace Giuliana Rancic as the co-anchor of ""E! News"" in August 2015. Menounos later left in 2017 due to a brain tumor, and her position had been filled by rotating correspondents, such as Catt Sadler and Zuri Hall. Sadler later left in

"Jason Kennedy (TV personality)"
Jason Kennedy (TV personality) Jason Kennedy (born December 11, 1981) is the host of E! News, at E! Networks, where he covers national celebrity news. Kennedy joined E! on air in 2005 and is a contributor to NBC’s Today Show. and host of the E! series, ""Live from E!"" Born in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Kennedy grew up near that city, where his love for television news became apparent, even in his pre-teen years, when he spent countless hours chasing local news trucks and taking taxis to breaking news scenes for a mock-news show he produced and reported, from a studio

"Ken Baker (entertainment journalist)"
Ken Baker (entertainment journalist) Kenneth Joel Baker is an American journalist, author, and television news personality. Baker is the senior correspondent for E! News as well as the host of E! Online's daily web show ""Live From E!"". He began his journalism career as a news assistant for ABC News in the Washington bureau. He later worked as a reporter at the ""Daily Press"" in Newport News, Virginia. In 1996, Baker became a Los Angeles-based correspondent for ""People"" magazine. In 1999, he became the magazine's Northwest correspondent, based in Northern California. Baker later was named West Coast Bureau Chief for

E!
a time during the mid-2000s. It was first hosted by Dagny Hultgreen. Steve Kmetko was a host from 1994-2002. It has been hosted by Terrence Jenkins and Giuliana Rancic since 2012 and 2006, respectively, with Ryan Seacrest (who co-anchored the program from 2006 to 2012) serving as managing editor of the news operation. ""E! News"" was the only entertainment news show on the channel for much of its history until 2006, when the channel launched ""The Daily 10"", hosted by Sal Masekela and Catt Sadler (Debbie Matenopoulos also co-hosted from the show's inception until 2008); the series was cancelled in

"Fashion Police"
to E! with the program running the day after events, rather than airing live from the red carpet. The series became a weekly program on September 10, 2010, where they continue to discuss the dos and don'ts of celebrity fashion. The show started as a half-hour program but expanded to one hour on March 9, 2012. Rivers died on September 4, 2014; two weeks later, it was announced that the series will continue without her. On December 1, 2014, E! announced that comedian Kathy Griffin will replace Rivers as host starting in January 2015. She will be joined by celebrity

"E! News"
special pre-taped programs, the show's weekend edition or other E! programs airing instead, depending on where the holiday falls. In December 2017, Catt Sadler, left her anchoring duties on E! News as well as the E! network due to unequal pay between herself and her co-anchor, Jason Kennedy. In a statement to PEOPLE, an E! spokesperson said on behalf of the network and Kennedy, “E! compensates employees fairly and appropriately based on their roles, regardless of gender..."" ""E! News"" is currently hosted by Jason Kennedy with correspondents rotating as co-host. Ken Baker, Kristin dos Santos, Melanie Bromley, Zuri Hall, Carissa

"E! News"
as well as the film, music, and television industries. Since its launch, it has broadcast under a variety of formats, at one point even airing live during the mid-2000s (at this time, the show was named ""E! News Live""). Starting in 2006, it was hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic. In April 2012, Seacrest was replaced by Jason Kennedy. Rancic temporarily left the show on maternity leave in August 2012 due to the birth of her first son (through a surrogate), leaving others to question if she would return. But Rancic reassured her fans by releasing a statement saying

"On the Red Carpet"
other ABC Owned Television Stations soon carried the show, with San Diego ABC affiliate KGTV San Diego also following. The show began to be carried by the national digital subchannel, the Live Well Network, also owned by AOTS, in the fall of 2010, with the addition of Chris Balish, as co-host. Balish left the show in 2012. The series produced their live Oscar special in 2012, which featured the college journalist winners of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences's Red Carpet Journalist Contest assisting in the interviews. The show moved from the Live Well Network to national syndication

Summer of 2013. Kennedy and Scruggs became engaged on May 30, 2014 in Lauren's Texas hometown. The couple were married on December 12, 2014 in Dallas, Texas at the Four Seasons Resort and Club at Las Colinas. Jason Kennedy (TV personality) Jason Kennedy (born December 11, 1981) is the host of E! News, at E! Networks, where he covers national celebrity news. Kennedy joined E! on air in 2005 and is a contributor to NBC’s Today Show. and host of the E! series, ""Live from E!"" Born in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Kennedy grew up near that city, where his love

"The Outsiders (novel)"
in 1965, but this is never explicitly stated in the book. A film adaptation was produced in 1983, and a little-known short-lived television series appeared in 1990, picking up where the movie left off. A stage adaptation was written by Christopher Sergel and published in 1990. Ponyboy Curtis, a teenaged member of a loose gang of ""greasers"", is leaving a movie theater when he is jumped by ""Socs"", the greasers' rival gang. Several greasers, including Ponyboy's two older brothers—the paternal Darry and the popular Sodapop—come to his rescue. The next night, Ponyboy and two greaser friends, the hardened Dally and

"The Outsiders (film)"
film helped spark the Brat Pack genre of the 1980s. Both Lane and Dillon went on to appear in Coppola's related film ""Rumble Fish"". Emilio Estevez went on to be in ""That Was Then... This Is Now"", the only S. E. Hinton film adaptation not to star Matt Dillon. The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performed well at the box office, grossing $33 million on a $10 million budget. In Tulsa, Oklahoma, greasers are a gang of tough, low-income working-class teens. They include Ponyboy Curtis and his two older brothers, Sodapop and Darrel, as well as Johnny

"Outsiders Inn"
out, with Brown serving as entertainment director and Wilson as the head chef. Each episode chronicles the trio dealing with the rigors of running a bed and breakfast. Maureen leases a bed and breakfast in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and enlists Bobby and Carnie to help out. But when their first guests check in, the amateur innkeepers try to kill them with kindness and stay civil (between the three) at the same time. Meanwhile, Bobby discovers something surprising while hunting for some moonshine. Ross Mathews asks the trio to serve as judges at a talent contest he is

the quiet Johnny, meet Cherry and Marcia, a pair of Soc girls, at a drive-in movie theater. Cherry spurns Dally's rude advances, but Ponyboy ends up speaking civilly with Cherry, emotionally connecting with a Soc for the first time in his life. Afterward, Ponyboy, Johnny, and their wisecracking friend Two-Bit begin to walk Cherry and Marcia home, when they are stopped by Cherry's boyfriend Bob, who badly beat up Johnny a few months back. Bob and the greasers exchange taunts, but Cherry prevents a fight by willingly leaving with Bob. Ponyboy gets home at two in the morning, enraging Darry

Maureen an opportunity to deal with lingering identity issues from her years of playing ""Marcia Brady"" on The Brady Bunch. When Bobby is asked to perform at a concert in Detroit, he takes Leroy along for an eye-opening adventure. Meanwhile, Maureen and Carnie go out for a Cocke County-style night on the town with Mike and Todd. In this final episode, Pigeon Manor plays host to its first wedding, but it does not go off without a hitch. It is also discovered that the bride and groom represent the Dotson and Starr families, who are embroiled in a longstanding feud.

"Outsiders (U.S. TV series)"
second season, airing as a series finale on the channel. Set in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky, the series revolves around the interaction of a group of mountain folk known as the Farrell clan and the locals in the nearby town of Blackburg, Kentucky. The Farrells are an isolationist group, who shun normal society and live a spartan existence in the woods. Extremely paranoid of outsiders, the family controls a mountain coveted by a national mining outfit for its coal deposits. At the start of the series, Asa Farrell, a cousin of the ruling family, returns to the mountains after

Cocke County Welcoming Committee and the mayor, hoping to land a liquor license. In an attempt to win-over the locals, Carnie bakes an apple pie disaster, while Maureen wants to service apple pies from a local apple orchard. A network of ""coon dog"" owners checks into Pigeon Manor for a local hunting contest. Maureen and Carnie are overwhelmed by the special requests and unsavory needs of this bizarre group. Bobby is not happy --- he only likes little dogs. The three discuss what to do about ""doggie guests"" at the inn because Maureen thinks the previous animals at the inn

After making this discovery, Maureen, Carnie and Bobby decide to keep the families on separate floors to keep tempers from flaring, however problems continue to plague the three as they prepare for the wedding. The show was filmed at Christopher Place, An Intimate Resort in Newport, Tennessee, where taping began on June 9, 2008 and ended on June 29, 2008. Episode Two, titled ""Pigeon Idol,"" was shot at Fiddler's Roost in Parrottsville, Tennessee on June 15, 2008, where the celebs judged a talent contest hosted by Ross Mathews from The Tonight Show. Outsiders Inn Outsiders Inn is an American half-hour

and a loaded gun, directing them to hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville. During their stay there, Pony cuts and dyes his hair as a disguise, reads ""Gone with the Wind"" to Johnny, and, upon viewing a beautiful sunrise, recites the poem ""Nothing Gold Can Stay"" by Robert Frost. Days later, Dally comes to check on them, revealing that violence between the greasers and Socs has escalated since Bob's death into all-out city-wide warfare, with Cherry acting out of guilt as a spy for the greasers. Johnny decides to turn himself in and Dally agrees to take the boys

leaving ten years prior in order to join the military and experience life amongst normal society. His arrival coincides with the family matriarch Lady Ray Farrell announcing her intention to cede power to her son, ""Big Foster"" Farrell. Big Foster, who never forgave Asa for leaving his family, has Asa imprisoned in a cage for six months until he is freed due to his ability to read after an eviction notice is posted at the entrance of the mountain. In town, the mining company has gained approval to evict the Farrell family from the mountain and seeks to expedite the

"Major league pitchers beating all 30 teams"
is far more likely that his wins will come against 10 to 12 teams, most of which he has already beaten. As of August 20, 2017, there have been 18 pitchers who have beaten all 30 teams. The San Francisco Giants are the only franchise with three players who accomplished the feat while on their roster: Randy Johnson, Barry Zito, and Tim Hudson. As of August 20, 2017, nine active pitchers have defeated 29 teams. As of January 16, 2017, four active pitchers have defeated 28 teams. As of January 16, 2017, three active pitchers have defeated 27 teams. As

Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities beginning in 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises 256 teams affiliated

"Major League Baseball rosters"
League) position players, pitchers, and reserve players on the team. Players on the active roster are also on the 40-man roster. These players are generally the only ones who dress in uniform and are the only ones who may take the field in a game at any time. Typically, in modern-day play, an active roster will consist of five starting pitchers, seven relief pitchers, two catchers, six infielders, and five outfielders. Teams can vary this somewhat according to preference and circumstance, and indeed the ""typical"" roster makeup has changed somewhat over the years. (Starting rotations used to consist of four

Baseball
the following players: Most baseball leagues worldwide have the DH rule, including MLB's American League, Japan's Pacific League, and Caribbean professional leagues, along with major American amateur organizations. The Central League in Japan and the National League do not have the rule, and high-level minor league clubs connected to National League teams are not required to field a DH. In leagues that apply the designated hitter rule, a typical team has nine offensive regulars (including the DH), five starting pitchers, seven or eight relievers, a backup catcher, and two or three other reserve players. The manager, or head coach, oversees

"Relief pitcher"
and 86. However, Feliciano only averaged 58 innings pitched during those seasons. The last pitcher to throw 100 or more innings in a season without starting a game was Scott Proctor in 2006. Pitching staffs on MLB teams have grown from 9 or 10 to as many as 12 or 13 pitchers, due to the increased importance of relief pitching. The staff generally consists of five starting pitchers, with the remaining pitchers assigned as relievers. A team's relief staff usually contains a closer who generally pitches the ninth inning, a setup pitcher who generally pitches the eighth, and a left-handed

on ESPN Australia (subscription). In the Middle East & North Africa, MLB games are broadcast on beIN Sports channels. Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities beginning in 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led

history of Major League Baseball. Detroit Tigers pitcher Denny McLain won 31 games, making him the only pitcher to win 30 games in a season since Dizzy Dean in 1934. St. Louis Cardinals starting pitcher Bob Gibson achieved an equally remarkable feat by allowing an ERA of just 1.12. Following these pitching performances, in December 1968 the MLB Playing Rules Committee voted to reduce the strike zone from knees to shoulders to top of knees to armpits and lower the pitcher's mound from 15 to 10 inches, beginning in the 1969 season. In 1973, the American League, which had been

Major league pitchers beating all 30 teams Since 1998, there have been 30 teams in Major League Baseball (MLB). It is very rare for a pitcher to record a win against every team. In earlier times, two factors made it nearly impossible to defeat all teams in both leagues (even before expansion increased the number to 30): In any case, defeating all teams is more likely only if a pitcher has a long career. Assuming a top notch pitcher manages to win against every team in a season, it will still only be 19 teams, unless he was traded. It

"Triple-A All-Star Game"
a vote by fans, team personnel, and media members. Fans can submit online ballots with votes for one player at each infield position, a catcher, a designated hitter, three outfielders, and four pitchers—two starters and two relievers. Fan balloting accounts for one-third of the total vote. The ballots of each club's field manager, coaches, and general manager account for another third. Votes from broadcasters and members of the media make up the final third. Once 13 All-Stars are elected, each league office selects an additional 17 players to fill out their roster. One goal of adding these additional players is

League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, including at least one player from each team. Today, MLB is composed of 30 teams: 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Teams play 162 games each season and five teams in each league advance to a four-round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions that dates to 1903. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America and in several

"Emily Prentiss"
with ""passports from three different countries, and a bank account in each one to keep [her] comfortable"". In the season seven premiere, Morgan captures Doyle and Emily returns to the BAU to assist the team in finding who kidnapped Doyle's son. The team comes under fire from the judiciary panel for their retaliatory actions to avenge Prentiss's death, but everyone stands their ground to protect the team. Section Chief Erin Strauss later reveals to them that the committee was persuaded by Prentiss' defense and eventually decided to lift the BAU's suspensions although they will still be ""keeping a close eye""

FBI, and had worked at its field offices in the Midwest before coming to the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). Prentiss is extremely well travelled due to her upbringing as an ambassador's daughter and her previous assignments while at Interpol. She is fluent in Arabic, Spanish, French, Italian, Russian, and Greek. Prentiss first appeared in the season two episode ""The Last Word"". Her appearance surprised both SSA Aaron Hotchner and Jason Gideon, as neither supervisor had signed off on the transfer. Hotchner was immediately suspicious of the new agent, but Prentiss, insisting that her mother had not pulled any strings for

departure of co-star Shemar Moore for the season 11 episode ""Tribute"". Brewster returned as series regular in season 12. She was brought back soon after co-star Thomas Gibson had been dismissed from the show. Prentiss was born to her unnamed father and Elizabeth, a US Ambassador. Due to her mother's job postings, Prentiss spent her childhood in numerous places, including Ukraine, France, Italy, and various countries in the Middle East. Her father has never been referred to in any way. She graduated from Chesapeake Bay University with a B.A. in Criminal Justice and then from Yale University before joining the

"True North (Once Upon a Time)"
designer Michael Joy. The episode first aired in the United States on ABC on January 15, 2012. An estimated 9.84 million viewers watched the episode on its original broadcast. It earned a Nielsen ratings share of 3.3/8 among adults, meaning that it was seen by 3.3 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 8 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of broadcast. This was a decrease of 11 percent from the previous episode. Critical reception was largely mixed to negative, with critics praising Caulfield's performance but critiquing other elements. A gingerbread house is shown in

"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"
Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy) ""Now or Never"" is the twenty-fourth episode and the season finale of the fifth season of the American television medical drama, ""Grey's Anatomy"" and the show's 102nd episode overall. Written by Debora Cahn and directed by Rob Corn, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 14, 2009. The initial airing was viewed by 17.12 million viewers and garnered a 6.2/17 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The episode marked the last appearance of series regular T.R. Knight who played Dr. George O'Malley who got into

"Fahrenheit 9/11"
Lila Lipscomb appears with her family after hearing of the death of her son, Sgt. Michael Pedersen, who was killed on April 2, 2003, in Karbala. Anguished and tearful, she begins to question the purpose of the war. Tying together several themes and points, Moore compliments those serving in the U.S. military. He claims that the lower class of America are always the first to join the Army, so that the people better off do not have to join. He states that those valuable troops should not be sent to risk their lives unless it is necessary to defend America.

is also with Prentiss, holding her, when she is dying after being seriously injured by Doyle, and tells her that he understands what she did, and that she is brave, and he is proud of her. When he believes she has died, Morgan takes her death quite hard and expresses anger toward Doyle. When Emily returns to the BAU in season 7, Morgan shows concern for her safety and ability to protect herself in the field by making her sign up for re-certification. Over time, she also forms a close relationship with Agent Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau, especially when they are

"It's Coming"
and was seen soon after looking at Claire's file. When Angela finishes explaining, Claire confirms her belief that she is the catalyst, as Sylar saw something different inside her. At the comic book store, Hiro and Ando discover a new edition of ""9th Wonders!"". The last page has the same picture of the eclipse that Usutu painted, with the caption ""It's coming"". The episode ends by contrasting images of both Petrelli parents and their respective groups of supporters - (Team Pinehearst: Arthur, Elle, Sylar, Knox, Flint and Tracy; Team Primatech: Angela, Peter, Nathan, Daphne, Matt and Claire) - while Arthur

"The Augments"
UPN first aired ""The Augments"" on November 12, 2004, where it was watched by 2.1 percent of the U.S. population. It received mixed reviews by critics, who spoke negatively of Malik's character, but praised the performance of Spiner as Soong and the relationship between T'Pol and Tucker. At the end of ""Cold Station 12"", Doctor Arik Soong and the Augments he secretly raised depart the space station, taking with them 1,800 frozen Augment embryos preserved from the time of the Eugenics Wars. Before leaving, Malik steals several pathogen samples from the station and sets the containment fields to fail. In

"9-1-1 (TV series)"
9-1-1 (TV series) 9-1-1 is an American procedural drama television series created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Tim Minear which follows the lives of Los Angeles first responders: police officers, paramedics, firefighters and dispatchers. The series premiered on January 3, 2018, on Fox. The series is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, with Murphy, Falchuk, Minear and Bradley Buecker as executive producers. Minear also serves as showrunner and Buecker directed the premiere episode. On January 16, 2018, Fox renewed the series for an eighteen-episode second season. The second season premiered with a special episode on Sunday, September 23, 2018

"CN Tower"
the Glass Floor and Outdoor Observation Terrace, which are both located at an elevation of , the Indoor Lookout Level (formerly known as ""Indoor Observation Level"") located at , and the higher SkyPod (formerly known as ""Space Deck"") at , just below the metal antenna. The hexagonal shape can be seen between the two areas; however, below the main deck, three large supporting legs give the tower the appearance of a large tripod. The main deck level is seven storeys, some of which are open to the public. Below the public areas — at — is a large white donut-shaped

"CN Tower"
they were inefficient and expensive to repair. In June 2007, the tower was outfitted with 1,330 super-bright LED lights inside the elevator shafts, shooting over the main pod and upward to the top of the tower's mast to light the tower from dusk until 2 a.m. The official opening ceremony took place on June 28 before the Canada Day holiday weekend. The tower changes its lighting scheme on holidays and to commemorate major events. After the 95th Grey Cup in Toronto, the tower was lit in green and white to represent the colours of the Grey Cup champion Saskatchewan Roughriders.

"CN Tower"
These stairs are intended for emergency use only and are not open to the public, except for twice per year for charity stair-climb events. The average climber takes approximately 30 minutes to climb to the base of the radome, but the fastest climb on record is 7 minutes and 52 seconds in 1989 by Brendan Keenoy, an Ontario Provincial Police officer. In 2002, Canadian Olympian and Paralympic champion Jeff Adams climbed the stairs of the tower in a specially designed wheelchair. The stairs were originally on one of the three sides of the tower (facing north), with a glass view,

"CN Tower"
instead of the planned six months. The tower was topped-off on April 2, 1975, after 26 months of construction, officially capturing the height record from Moscow's Ostankino Tower, and bringing the total mass to . Two years into the construction, plans for Metro Centre were scrapped, leaving the tower isolated on the Railway Lands in what was then a largely abandoned light-industrial space. This caused serious problems for tourists to access the tower. Ned Baldwin, project architect with John Andrews, wrote at the time that ""All of the logic which dictated the design of the lower accommodation has been upset,""

"CN Tower"
from almost any building in the Toronto area. The CN Tower can be seen from at least as far away as Kennedy Street in Aurora, Ontario, approximately to the north. It is also viewable to the naked eye from east of Toronto in Oshawa, several points along the Niagara Escarpment west of Toronto in Hamilton, Ontario, and to the south from Fort Niagara State Park in the U.S. state of New York. The original plan for the tower envisioned a tripod consisting of three independent cylindrical ""pillars"" linked at various heights by structural bridges. Had it been built, this design

"CN Tower"
the main level commenced. Using 45 hydraulic jacks attached to cables strung from a temporary steel crown anchored to the top of the tower, twelve giant steel and wooden bracket forms were slowly raised, ultimately taking about a week to crawl up to their final position. These forms were used to create the brackets that support the main level, as well as a base for the construction of the main level itself. The Space Deck (currently named SkyPod) was built of concrete poured into a wooden frame attached to rebar at the lower level deck, and then reinforced with a

"CN Tower"
CN Tower The CN Tower () is a concrete communications and observation tower located in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name ""CN"" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to divest non-core freight railway assets prior to the company's privatization in 1995, it transferred the tower to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation responsible for real estate development. The CN Tower held the record for the world's tallest free-standing structure for 32 years until 2007 and was the

"CN Tower"
and a base incorporating of concrete with of rebar and of steel cable had been built to a thickness of . This portion of the construction was fairly rapid, with only four months needed between the start and the foundation being ready for construction on top. To create the main support pillar, workers constructed a hydraulically raised slipform at the base. This was a fairly unprecedented engineering feat on its own, consisting of a large metal platform that raised itself on jacks at about per day as the concrete below set. Concrete was poured continuously by a team of 1,532

"CN Tower"
of different media and by numerous companies. There is no AM broadcasting on the CN Tower. The FM antennas are situated above ground. The CN Tower has been featured in numerous films, television shows, and video games, as well as having its own official mascot, which resembles the tower itself. CN Tower The CN Tower () is a concrete communications and observation tower located in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name ""CN"" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to

"CN Tower"
hexagonal shape (two elevators per angle). Each of the three elevator shafts is lined with glass, allowing for views of the city as the glass-windowed elevators make their way through the Tower. The stairwell was originally located in one of these angles (the one facing north), but was moved into the central hollow of the Tower; the Tower's new fifth and sixth elevators were placed in the hexagonal angle that once contained the stairwell. On top of the main concrete portion of the Tower is a tall metal broadcast antenna, carrying TV and radio signals. There are three visitor areas:

"Trick-taking game"
games. The first is the invention of trumps (and following suit to contain their power) in the 15th century. The second was bidding in the 17th century. According to card game researcher David Parlett, the oldest known European trick-taking game, Karnöffel, was mentioned in 1426 in the Bavarian town Nördlingen – roughly half a century after the introduction of playing cards to Europe, which were first mentioned in Spain in 1371. The oldest known ""trumps"" appear in Karnöffel, where specific ranks of one suit were named ""Karnöffel, Devil, Pope"" etc. and subject to an elaborate system of trumping powers. Around

as Trappola. It is much rarer for trumps to be removed. The invention of trumps became so popular that very few European trick-taking games exist without them. This did not stop the two-handed Piquet from becoming the most popular card game in Europe during the 16th century. Parlett suggests the invention of trumps let players in games involving more than two a greater chance of heading a trick. The invention of bidding for a trump suit is credited to Ombre, the most popular card game of the 17th century. Rather than having a randomly selected trump suit, players can now

or penalized for doing so independently of anyone else's success or failure in meeting their bid. This type of game began to mature in the 20th century. Other games generally falling into the exact-prediction category are Spades and Ninety-Nine. ""Trump cards"" are a set of one or more cards in the deck that, when played, are of higher value than the suit led. If a trick contains any trump cards, it is won by the highest-value trump card played, not the highest-value card of the suit led. In most games with trumps, one of the four suits is identified as

games are at least as old as tarot decks and may even predate the invention of trumps. Elfern and Fünfzehnern are possible candidates although the earliest references date to the 19th century. Nearly all point-trick games are played with tarot decks or stripped decks, which in many countries became standard before 1600, and neither point-trick games nor stripped decks have a tradition in England. While there are a number of games with unusual card-point values, such as Trappola and All Fours, most point-trick games are in the huge family of Ace–Ten card games beginning with Brusquembille. Pinochle is a representative

during the course of the hand, even from trick to trick. Some psychological variety is added to the game and makes it more difficult to cheat if the trump suit is only chosen after dealing. In some games, in addition to or separately from a trump suit, certain fixed cards are always the highest trumps, e.g. the Jacks in Skat, the Jacks or Jokers in Euchre, and the Rook Bird card in Rook. They are called ""matadors"" after the high trumps in Ombre. ""Matadors"" either have high point values or special abilities as in Spoil Five where they can revoke

1440 in Italy, special cards called ""trionfi"" were introduced with a similar function. These special cards are now known as ""tarots"", and a deck augmented by tarots as a tarot deck. The trionfi/tarots formed essentially a fifth suit without the ordinary ranks but consisting of trumps in a fixed hierarchy. But one can get a similar effect by declaring all cards of a fixed or randomly determined suit to be trumps. This method, originating with Triomphe, is still followed by a number of modern trick-taking games that do not involve an auction. Trumps were retroactively added to some games, such

hold an auction for it. The most popular games of the 18th-century was tarot which experienced a great revival. During this time, many tarot games borrowed bidding over the stock (taroc-l'hombre). In the 20th century, Whist (now with bidding and the dummy hand) developed into Contract bridge, the last global trick-taking game. It is possible that the origin of the practice of counting tricks (in plain-trick games) was the counting of cards won in tricks. It was therefore a logical development to accord some cards a higher counting-value, and some cards no value at all, leading to point-trick games. Point-trick

were trick-taking games (as evidenced by the rank-and-suit structure) originating from China and spreading westwards during the early part of the second millennium. Michael Dummett noted that these games share various features. They were played without trumps, following suit was not required but only the highest card of the suit led wins, rotation was counter-clockwise, they were plain-trick games, and that the pip cards of one or more suit are in reverse order so that the lower cards beat the higher ones. Two revolutions occurred in European trick-taking games that would lead to the development of ever more sophisticated card

Triomphe
of trionfi was gradually renamed tarocchi, tarot, or tarock. This game is the origin of the English word ""trump"" and is the ancestor of many trick-taking games like Euchre (via Écarté) and Whist (via Ruff and Honours). The earliest surviving description was written by Juan Luis Vives in his ""Exercitatio linguae latinae"" around 1538 in Basel. As he left Spain in 1509 never to return, the rules may date to his youth. However the game was already widespread by then. In 1541, Juan Maldonado (d. 1554) expanded on Vives's rules and later revised them in 1549. Both Vives and Maldonado

Piquet
Piquet Piquet (; ) is an early 16th-century trick-taking card game for two players that is still popular today. Piquet is one of the oldest card games still being played. It was first mentioned on a written reference dating to 1535, in ""Gargantua and Pantagruel"" by Rabelais. Although legend attributes the game's creation to Stephen de Vignolles, also known as La Hire, a knight in the service of Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War, it may possibly have come into France from Spain because the words """"pique"""" and """"repique"""", the main features of the game, are of Spanish origin.

"Rice production in China"
Rice production in China Rice production in China is an important part of the national economy. China is the world's largest producer of rice, and the crop makes up a little less than half of the country's total grain output. China accounts for 30% of all world rice production. In a given year total rice output came from four different crops. The early rice crop grows primarily in provinces along the Yangtze River and in provinces in the south; it is planted in February to April and harvested in June and July and contributes about 34 percent to total rice

output. Intermediate and single-crop late rice grows in the southwest and along the Yangtze; it is planted in March to June and harvested in October and November and also contributed about 34 percent to total rice output in the 1980s. Double-crop late rice, planted after the early crop is reaped, is harvested in October to November and adds about 25 percent to total rice production. Rice grown in the north is planted from April to June and harvested from September to October; it contributes about 7 percent to total production. All rice cultivation is highly labour intensive. Rice is generally

transportation systems combined to induce farmers to feed large quantities of lower quality rice to livestock. Rice production in China Rice production in China is an important part of the national economy. China is the world's largest producer of rice, and the crop makes up a little less than half of the country's total grain output. China accounts for 30% of all world rice production. In a given year total rice output came from four different crops. The early rice crop grows primarily in provinces along the Yangtze River and in provinces in the south; it is planted in February

"Agriculture in China"
second most-prevalent grain crop, grown in most parts of the country but especially on the North China Plain, the Wei and Fen River valleys on the Loess plateau, and in Jiangsu, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces. Corn and millet are grown in north and northeast China, and oat is important in Inner Mongolia and Tibet. Other crops include sweet potatoes in the south, white potatoes in the north (China is the largest producer of potatoes in the world), and various other fruits and vegetables. Tropical fruits are grown on Hainan Island, apples and pears are grown in northern Liaoning and Shandong.

itself in the 1960s and 1970s. Recently, with relative food security in China, periurban agriculture has led to improvements in the quality of the food available, as opposed to quantity. One of the more recent experiments in urban agriculture is the Modern Agricultural Science Demonstration Park in Xiaotangshan. About 75% of China's cultivated area is used for food crops. Rice is China's most important crop, raised on about 25% of the cultivated area. The majority of rice is grown south of the Huai River, in the Zhu Jiang delta, and in the Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces. Wheat is the

"Economy of China"
Qinling forests are not worked extensively, and much of the country's timber comes from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Sichuan, and Yunnan. Western China, comprising Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai, has little agricultural significance except for areas of floriculture and cattle raising. Rice, China's most important crop, is dominant in the southern provinces and many of the farms here yield two harvests a year. In the north, wheat is of the greatest importance, while in central China wheat and rice vie with each other for the top place. Millet and kaoliang (a variety of grain sorghum) are grown mainly in the northeast and some

income between regions. The three wealthiest regions are along the southeast coast, centered on the Pearl River Delta; along the east coast, centered on the Lower Yangtze River; and near the Bohai Gulf, in the Beijing–Tianjin region. It is the rapid development of these areas that is expected to have the most significant effect on the Asian regional economy as a whole and Chinese government policy is designed to remove the obstacles to accelerated growth in these wealthier regions. There are 33 administrative divisions in China. Below are the top administrative divisions in China ranked by GDP in 2017, as

"Geography of China"
rice. China exports about 750,000 metric tons of rice per year for about $120 per ton. Other significant agricultural exports from China are potatoes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, apples, cotton, pork, mutton, eggs, fish, and shrimp. According to the World Bank, as of 2015, China’s total arable land was estimated at 119,000,000 hectares. Since 2005, arable land in China has been on the decline and the total arable land per citizen has reached .2 acres. As a percentage, agricultural land makes up about 54.7% of land. The climate of the country is difficult to describe because it varies so much

the leading producer of cotton, which is grown throughout, but especially in the areas of the North China Plain, the Yangtze river delta, the middle Yangtze valley, and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Other fiber crops include ramie, flax, jute, and hemp. Sericulture, the practice of silkworm raising, is also practiced in central and southern China. China has a large livestock population, with pigs and fowls being the most common. China’s pig population and pork production mainly lie along the Yangtze River. In 2011, Sichuan province had 51 million pigs (11% of China’s total supply). In rural western China, sheep,

China
in the north. The diet of the common people in pre-modern times was largely grain and simple vegetables, with meat reserved for special occasions. And the bean products, such as tofu and soy milk, remain as a popular source of protein. Pork is now the most popular meat in China, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption. While pork dominates the meat market, there is also pork-free Buddhist cuisine and Chinese Islamic cuisine. Southern cuisine, due to the area's proximity to the ocean and milder climate, has a wide variety of seafood and vegetables; it differs in

from whose perspective is the story of all quiet on the western front told

"All Quiet on the Western Front"
adapted into comic book form as part of the ""Classics Illustrated"" series. All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front () is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front. The novel was first published in November and December 1928 in the German newspaper ""Vossische Zeitung"" and in book form in late January 1929. The book and its sequel,

All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front () is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front. The novel was first published in November and December 1928 in the German newspaper ""Vossische Zeitung"" and in book form in late January 1929. The book and its sequel, ""The Road Back"" (1930), were among the books banned and burned in

"Erich Maria Remarque"
Erich Maria Remarque Erich Maria Remarque (born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German novelist who created many works about the horrors of war. His best known novel ""All Quiet on the Western Front"" (1928), about German soldiers in the First World War, was made into an Oscar-winning film. His book made him an enemy of the Nazis, who burned many of his works. Erich Maria Remarque was born on 22 June 1898 into a working class Roman Catholic family in the German city of Osnabrück to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867,

engage in frequent battles and endure the treacherous and filthy conditions of trench warfare. At the beginning of the book, Remarque writes, ""This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped (its) shells, were destroyed by the war."" The book does not focus on heroic stories of bravery, but rather gives a view of the conditions in which the

and his school-friends (roughly 19 at the start of the book). Haie, in addition, has a good sense of humour. During combat, he is injured in his back, fatally (Chapter 6)—the resulting wound is large enough for Paul to see Haie's breathing lung when Himmelstoß (Himmelstoss) carries him to safety. Müller is about 18 and a half years of age, one of Bäumer's classmates, when he also joins the German army as a volunteer to go to the war. Carrying his old school books with him to the battlefield, he constantly reminds himself of the importance of learning and education.

a patient at the Catholic hospital where Paul and Albert Kropp are temporarily stationed. He has an intimate knowledge of the workings of the hospital. He also has a ""Special Permit,"" certifying him as sporadically not responsible for his actions due to a head wound, though he is clearly quite sane and exploiting his permit so he can stay in the hospital and away from the war as long as possible. A young boy of only 19 years. Franz Kemmerich had enlisted in the army for World War I along with his best friend and classmate, Bäumer. Kemmerich is shot

all the boys are young, their youth has left them. In addition, the massive loss of life and negligible gains from the fighting are constantly emphasized. Soldiers' lives are thrown away by their commanding officers who are stationed comfortably away from the front, ignorant of the daily terrors of the front line. Kropp was in Paul's class at school and is described as the clearest thinker of the group as well as the smallest. Kropp is wounded towards the end of the novel and undergoes a leg amputation. Both he and Bäumer end up spending time in a Catholic hospital

in the leg early in the story; his injured leg has to be amputated, and he dies shortly after. In anticipation of Kemmerich's imminent death, Müller was eager to get his boots. While in the hospital, someone steals Kemmerich's watch that he intended to give to his mother, causing him great distress and prompting him to ask about his watch every time his friends visit him in the hospital. Paul later finds the watch and hands it over to Kemmerich's mother, only to lie and say Franz died instantly and painlessly when questioned. A student in Paul's class who is

now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating. In despair, Paul watches as his friends fall one by one. It is the death of Kat that eventually makes Paul careless about living. In the final chapter, he comments that peace is coming soon, but he does not see the future as bright and shining with hope. Paul feels that he has no aims or goals left in life and that their generation will be different and misunderstood. In October 1918, Paul is finally killed on a remarkably peaceful day. The situation report from the frontline

are holed up in a factory with neither rations nor comfortable bedding. Katczinsky leaves for a short while, returning with straw to put over the bare wires of the beds. Later, to feed the hungry men, Kat brings bread, a bag of horse flesh, a lump of fat, a pinch of salt and a pan in which to cook the food. Kat is hit by shrapnel at the end of the story, leaving him with a smashed shin. Paul carries him back to camp on his back, only to discover upon their arrival that a stray splinter had hit Kat

"Puff, the Magic Dragon"
Puff, the Magic Dragon ""Puff, the Magic Dragon"" (or ""Puff"") is a song written by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow, and made popular by Yarrow's group Peter, Paul and Mary in a 1962 recording released in January 1963. Lipton wrote a poem in 1959; Yarrow found it and wrote the lyrics based on the poem. After the song was released, Yarrow searched for Lipton and gave him half-credit for the song. The lyrics for ""Puff, the Magic Dragon"" are based on a 1959 poem by Leonard Lipton, then a 19-year-old Cornell University student. Lipton was inspired by an Ogden Nash

Musk, founder of SpaceX, said his Dragon spacecraft was named after ""Puff the Magic Dragon"". The Orlando Magic mascot is named ""Stuff the Magic Dragon"". Puff, the Magic Dragon ""Puff, the Magic Dragon"" (or ""Puff"") is a song written by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow, and made popular by Yarrow's group Peter, Paul and Mary in a 1962 recording released in January 1963. Lipton wrote a poem in 1959; Yarrow found it and wrote the lyrics based on the poem. After the song was released, Yarrow searched for Lipton and gave him half-credit for the song. The lyrics for ""Puff,

poem titled ""Custard the Dragon"", about a ""realio, trulio little pet dragon"". The lyrics tell a story of the ageless dragon Puff and his playmate, Jackie Paper, a little boy who grows up and loses interest in the imaginary adventures of childhood and leaves Puff to be with himself. (The line ""A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys"" is generally thought to imply only that ""little Jackie Paper"" grew up.) The story of the song takes place ""by the sea"" in the fictional land of ""Honalee"". Lipton was friends with Peter Yarrow's housemate when they were all students

incorporated into the song. In it, Puff found another child and played with him after returning. Neither Yarrow nor Lipton remembers the verse in any detail, and the paper that was left in Yarrow's typewriter in 1958 has since been lost. After the song's initial success, speculation arose — as early as a 1964 article in ""Newsweek"" — that the song contained veiled references to smoking marijuana. The word ""paper"" in the name of Puff's human friend (Jackie Paper) was said to be a reference to rolling papers, and the word ""dragon"" was interpreted as ""draggin',"" i.e. inhaling smoke; similarly,

the name ""Puff"" was alleged to be a reference to taking a ""puff"" on a joint. The supposition was claimed to be common knowledge in a letter by a member of the public to ""The New York Times"" in 1984. The authors of the song have repeatedly rejected this interpretation and have strongly and consistently denied that they intended any references to drug use. Both Leonard Lipton and lead singer Peter Yarrow have stated ""Puff the Magic Dragon is not about drugs."" Yarrow has frequently explained that the song is about the hardships of growing older and has no relationship

popular secular tune. Both tune and elements of the lyrics were adapted in the controversial parody ""Barack the Magic Negro"", written and recorded by Paul Shanklin for Rush Limbaugh's radio program, after the term was first applied to then presidential candidate Obama by movie and culture critic, David Ehrenstein, in a ""Los Angeles Times"" op ed column of March 19, 2007. Yarrow condemned the act as ""shocking and saddening in the extreme,"" stating that ""taking a children's song and twisting it in such vulgar, mean-spirited way, is a slur to our entire country and our common agreement to move beyond

song with Mike Mitchell as director. The song was adapted for a children's pantomime, which played at Sydney's Seymour Centre in 1983. A 2007 book adaptation of the song's lyrics by Yarrow, Lipton, and illustrator Eric Puybaret gives the story a happier ending with a young girl (presumed by reviewers to be Jackie Paper's daughter) seeking out Puff to become her new companion. The lyrics remain unchanged from the Peter Paul and Mary version; the young girl is only seen in the pictures by illustrator Puybaret. On the last page of the book, she is introduced to Puff by an

"Lenny Lipton"
loved. Lipton now urges schools to be more ""accepting of eccentric people with a different point of view because we are the people who make the difference."" Lipton was 19 when he wrote the poem that was adapted into the lyrics for the 1963 song ""Puff the Magic Dragon"", performed by Peter Paul and Mary. His inspiration was a 1936 Ogden Nash poem, ""A Tale of Custard the Dragon"". ""Pirates and dragons, back then, were common interests in stories for boys,"" Lipton said. ""The Puff story is really just a lot like Peter Pan.” Lipton has spent years denying that

older Jackie Paper. The tune was used in the promotional LP ""Push the Magic Button"" for the track with the same name by Versatec, a computer printer company In the mid 1970s an American Jewish band named Ruach created a parody version of the song entitled ""Puff the Kosher Dragon"". In the course of the song, Kosher Puff eats kosher food, has a Bar Mitzvah, fights anti-semites and finally marries and brings up his children as loyal members of the faith. The Ruach song has been noted as one of the first examples of a modern Jewish band using a

at Cornell. He used Yarrow's typewriter to get the poem out of his head. He then forgot about it until years later, when a friend called and told him Yarrow was looking for him, to give him credit for the lyrics. On making contact Yarrow gave Lipton half the songwriting credit, and he still gets royalties from the song. In an effort to be gender-neutral, Yarrow now sings the line ""A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys"" as ""A dragon lives forever, but not so girls and boys."" The original poem also had a stanza that was not

"Passing shot"
Passing shot A passing shot is a forceful shot, as in tennis or team handball, that travels to one side out of the reach of one's opponent. In tennis, this shot is generally a groundstroke and is used when one's opponent is running to the net or if he is at the net already. The alternative to a passing shot is to lob the ball over the opponent's head. The aim of the passing shot in tennis is to prevent the opponent from returning the ball once he/she is at the net. In tennis, there are 3 main ways to

"Passing (sports)"
Passing (sports) Passing is a common technique in sports that use balls and pucks. A pass consists of an intentional transfer of the ball from one player to another of the same team. Examples of sports that involve passing are association football, basketball, ice hockey, and American football. Certain games only allow backward passing (for example, rugby football), while others allow both. Of those that allow forward passing, some prohibit the receiver from being ahead of the pass at a certain point on the field (e.g., the offside rule in ice hockey), while other do not (e.g., American football). Passing

these were developed further by public school missionaries in teams such as Sheffield FC (1860s)and The Royal Engineers AFC (late 1860/early 1870s). Passing (sports) Passing is a common technique in sports that use balls and pucks. A pass consists of an intentional transfer of the ball from one player to another of the same team. Examples of sports that involve passing are association football, basketball, ice hockey, and American football. Certain games only allow backward passing (for example, rugby football), while others allow both. Of those that allow forward passing, some prohibit the receiver from being ahead of the pass

execute an effective passing shot: hitting a fast return, hitting an angled ball, and bluffing. Fast return The fast return is probably the most simple and common form of passing shot. Because the opponent has a shorter reaction time when they are at the net as compared to the baseline, a fast return can catch them off-guard or render them unable to react quickly enough. A fast return is usually played with great power as angled as possible either cross-court or down-the-line. To be able to hit such a shot, a player must have either a very strong and flat

"Passing (association football)"
Passing (association football) Passing the ball is a key part of association football. The purpose of passing is to keep possession of the ball by maneuvering it on the ground between different players with the objective of advancing it up the playing field. This brings an advantage in that the team secures possession of the ball, without allowing the opposition an opportunity to attack. The skill of dribbling the ball is seen much less in modern football matches than in the first half of the twentieth century. This observation is often noted with regret by fans of the game who

"Prone position"
a shooter lying face down on the ground. It is considered the easiest and most accurate position as the ground provides extra stability. It is the starting position in three positions events. Currently, the Olympics only have one purely prone event, the fifty meters men's rifle prone. Both men and women also have the fifty meters rifle three positions. Many video games (particularly first-person shooters) allow the player character to go into the prone position. Male shooters shoot a .22 LR calibre rifle (smallbore) over a course of fire of 60 shots to count, after unlimited sighting shots, in a

"Forward pass"
pass from being completed. The primary pass thrower is the quarterback, and statistical analysis is used to determine a quarterback's success rate at passing in various situations, as well as a team's overall success at the ""passing game."" In American and Canadian football, a forward pass is usually referred to simply as a pass, and consists of a player throwing the football towards the opponent's goal line. This is permitted only once during a scrimmage down by the offensive team before team possession has changed, provided the pass is thrown from in or behind the neutral zone. An illegal forward

then called 'kicking camp'."" The public schools of England had developed their own forms of football since at least the Fifteenth century and these were subsequently very influential in the formulation of the 1863 first ever rules of modern Association Football by the Football Association. Many English public school football games involved dribbling and players were often very skillful at this art. Passing was certainly part of some games, as can be seen in the game of rugby football. The value of passing the ball in these various games depended upon the offside rule in that particular code. Some public

are attributed to perfecting the modern formation (2-3-5) was Cambridge University AFC in 1882, although significantly the 2-3-5 formation was being played by other clubs in Scotland and England by 1880, and can be found in Wales as early as 1878. Passing (association football) Passing the ball is a key part of association football. The purpose of passing is to keep possession of the ball by maneuvering it on the ground between different players with the objective of advancing it up the playing field. This brings an advantage in that the team secures possession of the ball, without allowing the

"Shoot the gap"
Shoot the gap Shooting the gap is a term used in American football. To ""shoot the gap,"" a defensive lineman will exploit the space between the offensive linemen during a pass rush. The defensive lineman is usually one of the defensive tackles. The gaps are given different letters depending on their distance from the center. The gaps between the center and the guard are known as the ""A gaps"", and the gaps between the guard and the tackle are known as the ""B gaps"". Shooting the gap requires the defensive lineman to turn his shoulders and get past the offensive

"Temple of Vesta"
Temple of Vesta The Temple of Vesta (Latin ""Aedes Vestae""; ) is an ancient edifice in Rome, Italy, located in the Roman Forum near the Regia and the House of the Vestal Virgins. The temple's most recognizable feature is its circular footprint. Since the worship of Vesta began in private homes, the architecture seems to be a reminder of its history. The extant temple used Greek architecture with Corinthian columns, marble, and a central cella. The remaining structure indicates that there were twenty Corinthian columns built on a podium fifteen meters in diameter. The roof probably had a vent at

the apex to allow smoke release. All temples to Vesta were round, and had entrances facing east to symbolize connection between Vesta’s fire and the sun as sources of life. The Temple of Vesta represents the site of ancient cult activity as far back as 7th century BCE. Numa Pompilius is believed to have built this temple along with the original Regia and House of the Vestal Virgins in its original form. Around the Temple stood The Sacred Grove, in which also there was a graveyard for the priests and virgins. It was one of the earliest structures located in

"Temple of Vesta, Tivoli"
Temple of Vesta, Tivoli The ""Temple of Vesta"" is a Roman temple in Tivoli, Italy, dating to the early 1st century BC. Its ruins sit on the acropolis of the city, overlooking the falls of the Aniene that are now included in the Villa Gregoriana. It is not known for certain to whom the temple was dedicated, whether to Hercules, the protecting god of Tibur, or to Albunea, the Tiburtine Sibyl, or to Tiburnus, the eponymous hero of the city, or to Vesta herself, whose more familiar circular peripteral Temple of Vesta is to be seen in the Roman Forum.

"Vesta (mythology)"
was a priestess. Roman tradition required that the leading priest of the Roman state, the ""pontifex maximus"" reside in a ""domus publicus"" (""publicly owned house""). After assuming the office of ""pontifex maximus"" in 12 BC, Augustus gave part of his private house to the Vestals as public property and incorporated a new shrine of Vesta within it. The old shrine remained in the ""Forum Romanum""'s temple of Vesta, but Augustus' gift linked the public hearth of the state with the official home of the ""pontifex maximus"" and the emperor's Palatine residence. This strengthened the connection between the office of ""pontifex

the Roman Forum although its present reincarnation is the result of subsequent rebuilding. Instead of a cult statue in the ""cella"", there was a hearth which held the sacred flame. The temple was the storehouse for the legal wills and documents of Roman Senators and cult objects such as the Palladium. The Palladium was a statue of Athena (Roman Minerva) believed to have been brought by Aeneas from Troy; the statue was felt to be one of the Pignora Imperii, or pledges of imperium, of Ancient Rome. That the Romans believed that the Sacred fire of Vesta was closely tied

"Stoa of Zeus"
Stoa of Zeus The Stoa of Zeus (""Eleutherios"") at Athens, was a two-aisled stoa located in the northwest corner of the Ancient Agora of Athens. It was built c. 425 BC–410 BC for religious purposes in dedication to Zeus by the ""Eleutherios"" (""pertaining to freedom""): a cult founded after the Persian War. It is different from others in that it was a stoa rather than a temple (the common building used for religious purposes). Scholars believe the building also served other civic purposes due to its central location. Researchers think the structure may have been built by Mnesikles, the architect

Erechtheion
Erechtheion The Erechtheion or Erechtheum (; , ) is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon. The temple as seen today was built between 421 and 406 BC. Its architect may have been Mnesicles, and it derived its name from a shrine dedicated to the legendary Greek hero Erichthonius. The sculptor and mason of the structure was Phidias, who was employed by Pericles to build both the Erechtheum and the Parthenon. Some have suggested that it may have been built in honor of the

"Fortuna Huiusce Diei"
of ""Fortuna Huiusce Diei"" in the Area Sacra was vowed by Q. Lutatius Catulus at the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC. It is the only known temple to this goddess, and probably the first. Its founding belongs to a period of religious innovation, with new cult titles for traditional Roman deities, and an increasing tendency to embrace imported gods, particularly those of the Greeks, through theological and artistic interpretation. Catulus himself was known as a lover of Greek culture in his taste for art and poetry, and in matters of lifestyle. The architectural design of the temple reflects cultural

Vesta (mythology) Vesta () is the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. She was rarely depicted in human form, and was often represented by the fire of her temple in the Forum Romanum. Entry to her temple was permitted only to her priestesses, the Vestals, who tended the sacred fire at the hearth in her temple. As she was considered a guardian of the Roman people, her festival, the ""Vestalia"" (7–15 June), was regarded as one of the most important Roman holidays. During the ""Vestalia"" matrons of the city walked barefoot to the sanctuary of

Heracleion
procession from the temple of Amun in that city to his shrine in Canopus. The city had a large temple of Khonsou, son of Amun, who was known to the Greeks as Herakles. Later, the worship of Amun became more prominent. Heracleion flourished especially from the 6th to the 4th century BC, as revealed by numerous archaeological finds. Pharaoh Nectanebo I made many additions to the temple in the 4th century B.C. Over time the city was weakened by a combination of earthquakes, tsunamis and rising sea levels. Finds of pottery and coins appear to stop at the end of

"Printing press"
Printing press A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink, and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and global spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed, circa 1439, a printing system by adapting existing

"Global spread of the printing press"
Global spread of the printing press The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany . Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and block printing. In the Western world, the operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of publishing and lent its name to a new branch of media, the ""press"" (see List of the oldest newspapers). Gutenberg's first major print work was the 42-line Bible in Latin, printed probably

19th century. On the effects of Gutenberg's printing Global spread of the printing press The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany . Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and block printing. In the Western world, the operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of publishing and lent its name to a new branch of media, the ""press"" (see List of the oldest newspapers). Gutenberg's first major print work

of cylinders. Both elements were for the first time successfully implemented by the German printer Friedrich Koenig in a series of press designs devised between 1802 and 1818. Having moved to London in 1804, Koenig soon met Thomas Bensley and secured financial support for his project in 1807. Patented in 1810, Koenig had designed a steam press ""much like a hand press connected to a steam engine."" The first production trial of this model occurred in April 1811. He produced his machine with assistance from German engineer Andreas Friedrich Bauer. Koenig and Bauer sold two of their first models to

"William Caxton"
and change of language."") Works published by Caxton from the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress: William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or

"History of printing"
Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century. Printing methods based on Gutenberg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world, replacing most block printing and making it the sole progenitor of modern movable type printing. As a method of creating reproductions for mass consumption, The printing press has been superseded by the advent of offset printing. Johannes Gutenberg's work in the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehen—a man he had previously instructed in gem-cutting—and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill. It was not until

sheets per hour. German printer Friedrich Koenig was the first to design a non-manpowered machine—using steam. He moved to London in 1804, and met Thomas Bensley; he secured financial support for his project in 1807. With a patent in 1810, Koenig designed a steam press ""much like a hand press connected to a steam engine."" The first production trial of this model occurred in April 1811. A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring an image. The systems involved were first assembled in

""The Times"" in London in 1814, capable of 1,100 impressions per hour. The first edition so printed was on 28 November 1814. They went on to perfect the early model so that it could print on both sides of a sheet at once. This began the long process of making newspapers available to a mass audience (which in turn helped spread literacy), and from the 1820s changed the nature of book production, forcing a greater standardization in titles and other metadata. Their company Koenig & Bauer AG is still one of the world's largest manufacturers of printing presses today. The

Gutenberg's work on the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehn—a man who had previously instructed in gem-cutting—and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill. However, it was not until a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that an official record existed; witnesses' testimony discussed Gutenberg's types, an inventory of metals (including lead), and his type molds. Having previously worked as a professional goldsmith, Gutenberg made skillful use of the knowledge of metals he had learned as a craftsman. He was the first to make type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, which was critical

William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or Tenterden. In 1438 he was apprenticed to Robert Large, a wealthy London silk mercer. Shortly after Large's death, Caxton moved to

when was the worlds first laptop computer introduced in the market and by whom

"History of laptops"
battery-powered, in a package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or a large book. It was made by Kyocera, and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85. Although a slow seller for Kyocera, the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation, and the computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United States and Canada as well as affiliated dealers in other countries, becoming one of the company's most popular models, with over 6,000,000 units sold worldwide. The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were also built on the same Kyocera platform.

Laptop
of 2.5"" and smaller drives around 1990; capacities have typically lagged behind physically larger desktop drives. Optical storage, read-only CD-ROM followed by writeable CD and later read-only or writeable DVD and Blu-ray players, became common in laptops early in the 2000s. Since the introduction of portable computers during late 1970s, their form has changed significantly, spawning a variety of visually and technologically differing subclasses. Except where there is a distinct legal trademark around a term (notably Ultrabook), there are rarely hard distinctions between these classes and their usage has varied over time and between different sources. Despite these setbacks, the

created in 1982 which one of the first 100% IBM PC compatible systems. The first shipment was in March 1983 and was priced at $2,995. The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine. The third model of this development, Compaq Portable II, featured high resolution graphics on its tube display. It was the first portable computer ready to be used on the shop floor, and for CAD and diagram display. It established Compaq as a major brand on the market. Another significant machine announced in 1981, although first sold widely in 1983,

History of laptops The history of laptops describes the efforts in the 1970s and 1980s to build small, portable personal computers that combine the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer in a small chassis. Before laptop/notebook computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. One of the first reasonably portable computers was the Xerox NoteTaker, again developed at Xerox PARC, in 1976. However, only 10 prototypes were built. The portable micro computer the “Portal"" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially

appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk: capacity = 140 000 characters, of a thermal printer: speed = 28 characters /

second, an asynchronous channel, a synchronous channel, a 220 V power supply. Designed for an operating temperature of 15–35 ° C, it weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45 × 45 × 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was Prologue. The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians. Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981. The Osborne 1 had a five-inch screen, incorporating a modem port, two 5 1/4 floppy drives, a big collection of bundled software applications, and a battery pack. The computer company was

in 1985, and has subsequently described it as """"the world's first mass-market laptop computer"""". It did not have a hard drive, and ran entirely from floppy disks. The CPU was a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88, a variation of the popular Intel 8088, and the display was a monochrome, text-only 640x200 LCD. It was followed in 1987 by the T1000 and T1200. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines, with the operating system stored in ROM, the Toshiba models were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run from lead-acid batteries. They also introduced the now-standard ""resume""

Laptop
and specificity of either term—the term ""laptop"" appears to have been coined in the early 1980s to describe a mobile computer which could be used on one's lap, and to distinguish these devices from earlier, much heavier, portable computers (informally called ""luggables""). The term ""notebook"" appears to have gained currency somewhat later as manufacturers started producing even smaller portable devices, further reducing their weight and size and incorporating a display roughly the size of A4 paper; these were marketed as ""notebooks"" to distinguish them from bulkier laptops. Regardless of the etymology, by the late 1990s, the terms were interchangeable. As

Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper as well, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. It anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, and as a ROM-based machine with a small display, can – like the ""TRS-80 Model 100"" – also be seen as a forerunner of the personal digital assistant. By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. The COMPAQ SLT/286 debuted in October 1988, being the first

Laptop
was the Epson HX-20, invented (patented) by Suwa Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1981, and widely released in 1982. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a chassis, the size of an A4 notebook. It was described as a ""laptop"" and ""notebook"" computer in its patent. The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. It was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by

"Cracker Barrel"
Cracker Barrel Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee. The corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. , the chain operates 645 stores in 44 states. Cracker Barrel's menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine, with

infrastructure issues related to this rapid growth by implementing a more rigorous recruitment strategy and introducing new technology, including an order-placement system. From the late 1990s to the mid-2000s, the company focused on opening new locations in residential areas to attract local residents and workers as customers. It updated its marketing in 2006 to encourage new customers, changing the design of its highway billboard advertisements to include images of menu items. Previously the signs had featured only the company's logo. By 2011, Cracker Barrel had opened more than 600 restaurants in 42 states. On January 17, 2012, company founder Dan

and catfish; seasonal and regional menu items were added during the 1980s and 1990s. In 2007, Cracker Barrel announced plans to remove artificial trans fats from its menu items. For much of its early history, Cracker Barrel decided to locate its restaurants along the Interstate Highway System, and the majority of its restaurants remain close to interstate and other highways. Cracker Barrel is known for the loyalty of its customers, particularly travelers who are likely to spend more at restaurants than locals. The locations are themed around the idea of a traditional Southern U.S. general store. Items used to decorate

store that he remembered from his childhood, with a name chosen to give it a Southern country theme, Cracker Barrel was intended to attract the interest of highway travelers. The first restaurant was built close to Interstate 40, in Lebanon, Tennessee. It opened in September 1969, serving Southern cuisine including biscuits, grits, country ham, and turnip greens. Evins incorporated Cracker Barrel in February 1970, and soon opened more locations. In the early 1970s, the firm leased land on gasoline station sites near interstate highways to build restaurants. These early locations all featured gas pumps on-site; during gasoline shortages in the

menu, and asked that the Smithfield Foods deal be nullified by the U.S. District Court in the Northern District of Illinois. Cracker Barrel Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee. The corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s

Evins died of bladder cancer. As a Southern-themed chain, Cracker Barrel serves traditional Southern comfort food often described as ""down-home"" country cooking and sells gift items including simple toys representative of the 1950s and 1960s, toy vehicles, puzzles, and woodcrafts. Also sold are country music CDs, DVDs of early classic television, cookbooks, baking mixes, kitchen novelty decor, and early classic brands of candy and snack foods. Breakfast is served all day, and there are two menus: one for breakfast, the other for lunch and dinner. Since the first restaurant opened, the menu has featured Southern specialties, including biscuits, fried chicken,

including eggs and salsa in Texas and Reuben sandwiches in New York, but continued to offer its original menu items in all restaurants. By September 1997, Cracker Barrel had 314 restaurants, and aimed to increase the number of stores by approximately 50 per year over the following five years. The firm closed its Corner Market operations in 1997 and refocused on its restaurant and gift store locations. Its then president, Ron Magruder, stated that the chain was concentrating on strengthening its core theme, offering traditional foods and retail in a country store setting, with good service and country music. The

each store are authentic artifacts, including everyday objects from the early 1900s and after. Each restaurant features a front porch lined with wooden rocking chairs, a wooden peg solitaire game on every table, and a stone fireplace with a deer head displayed above the mantel. In fact, each location has five common items: a shotgun, a cookstove, a deer head, a telephone, and a traffic light. The peg games have been present in Cracker Barrel since the opening of the first store, and continue to be produced by the same family in Lebanon, Tennessee. The decor at each location typically

with annual net sales of almost $81 million. The company grew consistently through the 1980s and 1990s, attaining a $1 billion market value by 1992. In 1993, the chain's revenue was nearly twice that of any other family restaurant. In 1994, the chain tested a carry-out-only store, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store Corner Market, in suburban residential neighborhoods. In addition, it expanded into new markets through the establishment of more traditional Cracker Barrel locations, the majority of them outside the South, and tested alterations to its menus to adapt to new regions. The chain added regional dishes to its menus,

includes artifacts related to the local history of the area, including antique household tools, old wall calendars and advertising posters, and antique photographs; these are centrally stored in a warehouse in Tennessee, where they are cataloged and stockpiled for future use by individual store locations. ""Destinations"" magazine has presented the chain with awards for best chain restaurant, and in 2010 and 2011, the Zagat survey named it the ""Best Breakfast"". The chain was selected by the Outdoor Advertising Association of America as the 2011 OBIE Hall of Fame Award recipient for its long-standing use of outdoor advertising. It was also

"Capital punishment in New York"
Capital punishment in New York While laws regarding the imposition of capital punishment in the State of New York are still on the books, it is no longer enforced as it is been declared unconstitutional in the state and this ruling has not been overturned. The last execution took place in 1963, when Eddie Mays was electrocuted at Sing Sing Prison. The state was the first to adopt the electric chair as a method of execution, which replaced hanging. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling declaring existing capital punishment statutes unconstitutional in ""Furman v. Georgia"" (1972), New York was without

including lethal injection but finally settled on electrocution in 1888. A bill making electrocution New York State's form of execution passed the legislature and was signed by Governor Hill on June 4, 1888, set to go into effect on January 1, 1889. The first individual to be executed in the electric chair was William Kemmler, on August 6, 1890. Current was passed through Kemmler for 17 seconds and he was declared dead, but witnesses noticed he was still breathing, and the current was turned back on. From start to finish, the execution took eight minutes. During the execution, blood vessels

"Electric chair"
dogs trying to discern exactly how electricity killed a subject. In 1888, the Commission recommended electrocution using Southwick's electric chair idea with metal conductors attached to the condemned person's head and feet. They further recommended that executions be handled by the state instead of the individual counties with three electric chairs set up at Auburn, Clinton, and Sing Sing prisons. A bill following these recommendations passed the legislature and was signed by Governor Hill on June 4, 1888, set to go into effect on January 1, 1889. The bill itself contained no details on the type or amount of electricity

"New York State Electrician"
New York State Electrician New York State Electrician was a title given to the chief executioner of the State of New York during the use of the electric chair from 1890 to the state's last execution in 1963, although the final State Electrician, Dow Hover, remained on call for any future executions until the United States Supreme Court briefly abolished capital punishment with its 1972 decision in ""Furman v. Georgia"". The State Electrician was contracted by the state at an unchanged rate of $150 per execution (with $50 added for any additional executions performed on the same day) for the

The entire execution took about eight minutes. George Westinghouse later commented that, ""They would have done better using an axe"", and a witnessing reporter claimed that it was ""an awful spectacle, far worse than hanging"". The electric chair was adopted by Ohio (1897), Massachusetts (1900), New Jersey (1906) and Virginia (1908), and soon became the prevalent method of execution in the United States, replacing hanging. Most of the states that currently use or have used the electric chair lie east of the Mississippi River. The electric chair remained the most prominent execution method until the mid-1980s when lethal injection became

in the same electric chair in Florida on January 24, 1989. The last person to be executed by electric chair without the choice of an alternative method was Lynda Lyon Block on May 10, 2002, in Alabama. The use of the electric chair has declined as legislators sought what they believed to be more humane methods of execution. Lethal injection became the most widely used method, aided by media reports of botched electrocutions in the early 1980s. The electric chair has been criticized because of several instances in which the subjects were killed only after being subjected to multiple electric

York lawyer and politician Matthew Hale, and Buffalo dentist and experimenter Alfred P. Southwick. Southwick had been developing an idea since the early 1880s of using electric current as a means of capital punishment after hearing about how relatively painlessly and quickly a drunken man died due to grabbing the energized parts on a generator. Southwick had published this proposal first in 1882 and, being a dentist accustomed to performing procedures on subjects in chairs, used the form of a chair in his designs, which became known as the ""electric chair"". The commission reviewed ancient and modern forms of execution

under the skin ruptured and bled, and some witness reported that Kemmler's body set on fire. From 1890 to 1963, 695 people were executed in New York. The first was William Kemmler on August 6, 1890, and the last was Eddie Lee Mays on August 15, 1963. Kemmler was the first person in the world known to be executed in an electric chair. Except for four individuals, all of the people executed during this period were convicted of murder. The four exceptions were Joseph Sacoda and Demetrius Gula, who were convicted of kidnapping and executed January 11, 1940, and Julius

if the inmate so chooses and if their capital crime was committed before 1999. The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution. On February 8, 2008, the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a ""cruel and unusual punishment"" under the state's constitution. This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska, the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution. In the late 1870s

Electrocution
way to execute condemned criminals with him basing his device on form he knew well, a dental chair. The next nine years saw promotion by Southwick, the New York state Gerry commission (which included Southwick) recommending execution by electricity, a June 4, 1888 law making it the state form of execution on January 2, 1889, and a further state committee of doctors and lawyers to finalize the details of the method used. The adoption of the electric chair became mixed up in the ""war of currents"" between Thomas Edison's direct current system and industrialist George Westinghouse's alternating current system in

"Chaand Raat"
Chaand Raat Chaand Raat (Bengali: চাঁদ রাত, , Hindi: चाँद रात; literally ""Night of the moon"") is a Bengali, Urdu and Hindi locution used in Bangladesh, Pakistan and India for the eve of the Muslim festival of Eid ul-Fitr; it can also mean a night with a new moon for the new Islamic month shawwal. Chaand Raat is a time of celebration when families and friends gather in open areas at the end of the last day of Ramadan to spot the new moon, which signals the arrival of the Islamic month of Shawwal and the day of Eid. Once

Sadhukadi
Sadhukadi Sadhukaddi, is a vernacular dialect of Hindi/ Hindustani, a popular language of medieval North India, which is a mix of Hindi (Khariboli, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, Bhojpuri), Punjabi and Marwari (Rajasthani), hence it is also commonly called a Panchmail Khichadi. Since it is simpler, it is used in adult literacy books or early literacy books. It is common variant of Hindi and finds place in the oral tradition and the writings of medieval poets and saints in Hindi Literature like Kabir and Guru Nanak. Other poets like Mirabai, Baba Farid, and Shah Latif used it in addition to local

Dharna
Dharna A dharna (Hindi: धरना, Nepali:धर्ना; Urdu: دهرنا) is a non-violent sit-in protest, which may include fast undertaken at the door of an offender, especially a debtor, in India as a means of obtaining compliance with a demand for justice, state response of criminal cases, or payment of a debt. It was a popular form of protest during the Indian independence movement and part of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha form of civil disobedience and protest. In India, there are designated places for conducting Dharna, and a permission is required for it. Often, those practicing dharna break the permission leading to clashes

"Dhar (surname)"
Dhar (surname) Dhar (also spelled Dar) is a Kashmiri surname (kram), found among Muslims (from Pandit lineage) & Hindu Pandits native to the Kashmir Valley of India, as well as Kashmiri émigrés who have migrated to the Punjab, a region divided between India and neighbouring Pakistan. Hindu Dhars / Dars today hold a Vaishya status (both Brahmin & Kshatriya) because of their ancestors. The Dhar ""kram"" originates from the honorific given to a village head, strongman or a warlord of a jagir. This honorific was prevalent during the 12th Century A.D. and remained in vogue up until the 14th Century

"Chhota haazri"
Chhota haazri Chhota haazri or Chota hazri (, from the Hindustani words for ""small"" and ""presence"") was a meal served in households and barracks, particularly in northern British India, shortly after dawn. In subsequent years, the tradition of such a meal has disappeared, but the phrase lives on in Anglo-Indian households, certain regiments of the Indian Army, and in public schools —such as The Doon School, Dehradun, Mayo College, Ajmer, Lawrence School, Sanawar, Lawrence School, Lovedale and St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, where it has come to refer to a cup of tea with a biscuit served at 6:00 a.m. In

and beauty parlors are also heavily visited in the evening in preparation for the following day. Women and girls decorate their hands with mehndi as well. Decorative lights are put up in markets as well as government buildings, banks and mosques. Chaand Raat also gives a chance for people to meet with friends and extended family. Chaand Raat Chaand Raat (Bengali: চাঁদ রাত, , Hindi: चाँद रात; literally ""Night of the moon"") is a Bengali, Urdu and Hindi locution used in Bangladesh, Pakistan and India for the eve of the Muslim festival of Eid ul-Fitr; it can also mean a

Sadhukadi
variations of Rajasthani, Punjabi and Sindhi languages. The term ""Sadhukkadi"" was coined by Ramchandra Shukla (1884-1941), and not all scholars agree with the use of this term, or the identity of the languages which it covers. Sadhukadi Sadhukaddi, is a vernacular dialect of Hindi/ Hindustani, a popular language of medieval North India, which is a mix of Hindi (Khariboli, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, Bhojpuri), Punjabi and Marwari (Rajasthani), hence it is also commonly called a Panchmail Khichadi. Since it is simpler, it is used in adult literacy books or early literacy books. It is common variant of Hindi and finds

Dharna
Hussain Ahmed and Jammat e Islami organised dharna in Pakistan in 1993, Imran Khan, Dr.Tahir ul Qadri and other political and religious leaders are now attempting to use this strategy for their purposes. Dharna A dharna (Hindi: धरना, Nepali:धर्ना; Urdu: دهرنا) is a non-violent sit-in protest, which may include fast undertaken at the door of an offender, especially a debtor, in India as a means of obtaining compliance with a demand for justice, state response of criminal cases, or payment of a debt. It was a popular form of protest during the Indian independence movement and part of Mahatma Gandhi's

Gherao
Gherao Gherao, meaning ""encirclement"", is a word originally from Hindi. It denotes a tactic used by labour activists and union leaders in India, it is similar to picketing. Usually, a group of people would surround a politician or a government building until their demands are met, or answers given. This principle was introduced as a formal means of protest in the labour sector by Subodh Banarjee, the PWD and Labor Minister in the 1967 and 1969 United Front Governments of West Bengal, respectively. Owing to its popularity the word “gherao” was added to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary in 2004.

1912 explorer Aurel Stein wrote the following during an expedition across the mountains of Pashtunistan: In 1947, during the political integration of the Indian princely states, the word 'Chhota Hazri' was used as a pun to refer to a small princely state in an ironic way. 'Chota Hazri' was the name of a highly successful thoroughbred horse in British Horse racing around mid twentieth century. Chhota haazri Chhota haazri or Chota hazri (, from the Hindustani words for ""small"" and ""presence"") was a meal served in households and barracks, particularly in northern British India, shortly after dawn. In subsequent years,

"Peregrine White"
Peregrine White Peregrine White ( November 20, 1620July 20, 1704) was the first baby boy born on the Mayflower in the harbor of Massachusetts, the second baby born on the ""Mayflower""s historic voyage, and the first known English child born to the Pilgrims in America. His parents, William White and his pregnant wife Susanna, with their son Resolved White and two servants, came on the Pilgrim ship ""Mayflower"" in 1620. Peregrine White was born while the ""Mayflower"" lay at anchor in the harbor at Cape Cod. In later life he became a person of note in Plymouth Colony, active in

"Virginia Dare"
a white ruffled mob cap. The company's Web site notes that Virginia Dare symbolizes ""wholesomeness and purity"". In Rancho Cucamonga, California, a now-defunct winery called Virginia Dare is on the corner of Haven Avenue and Foothill Boulevard (U.S. Route 66). Virginia Dare Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587, date of death unknown) was the first English child born in a New World English overseas possession, and was named after the territory of Virginia, her birthplace. Her parents were Ananias Dare and Eleanor White (also spelled Ellinor or Elyonor). What became of Virginia and the other colonists remains a mystery. The

"Jonathan Plowman Jr."
the French. There were countless skirmishes between English colonist and the Natives. In August 1740 Jonathan Plowman married Elizabeth Crull at St. Paul's Church in Baltimore. St. Paul's was at the time the church in Baltimore where one would go to have a big public wedding. The church, which is still standing, was located on the highest point overlooking the harbor and was described as a ""choice piece of property"". Nine years later, and two years after the death of his father, Jonathan Plowman and Elizabeth had their joy restored with the birth of their first child, Stevenson Plowman, on

"Orson Welles"
knew Welles, worked with him in the theatre and met him at intervals throughout Welles's life. After learning that Welles's oldest daughter, Chris, his childhood playmate, had long suspected that he was her brother, Lindsay-Hogg initiated a DNA test that proved inconclusive. In his 2011 autobiography, Lindsay-Hogg reported that his questions were resolved by his mother's close friend Gloria Vanderbilt, who wrote that Fitzgerald had told her that Welles was his father. A 2015 Welles biography by Patrick McGilligan, however, reports the impossibility of Welles's paternity: Fitzgerald left the U.S. for Ireland in May 1939, and her son was conceived

"Fanny Imlay"
on 14 May 1794, or, as the birth certificate stated, on the 25th day of Floreal in the Second Year of the Republic, and named after Fanny Blood, her mother's closest friend. Although Imlay never married Wollstonecraft, he registered her as his wife at the American consulate to protect her once Britain and France went to war in February 1793. Most people, including Wollstonecraft's sisters, assumed they were married—and thus, by extension, that Fanny was legitimate—and she was registered as such in France. Initially, the couple's life together was idyllic. Wollstonecraft playfully wrote to one friend: ""My little Girl begins

Virginia Dare Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587, date of death unknown) was the first English child born in a New World English overseas possession, and was named after the territory of Virginia, her birthplace. Her parents were Ananias Dare and Eleanor White (also spelled Ellinor or Elyonor). What became of Virginia and the other colonists remains a mystery. The fact of her birth is known because John White, Virginia's grandfather and the governor of the colony, returned to England in 1587 to seek fresh supplies. When White eventually returned three years later, the colonists were gone. During the past

"Eston Hemings"
handful of contemporary newspaper accounts, various census and land/tax records, and the family history of his descendants. Eston was born into slavery as the youngest son of the slave Sally Hemings. As she was one of the six mixed-race children of Betty Hemings and John Wayles (Jefferson's father-in-law), she and her siblings were half-siblings to Jefferson's wife Martha Wayles and were three-quarters European in ancestry, as their mother had a white father. The historians Philip D. Morgan and Joshua D. Rothman have written about the numerous interracial relationships in the Wayles-Hemings-Jefferson families and the region, often with multiple generations repeating

Mayflower
son Peregrine in late November while the ship was anchored in Cape Cod Harbor. He is historically recognized as the first European child born in the New England area. One child died during the voyage, and there was one stillbirth during the construction of the colony. According to the ""Mayflower"" passenger list, just over a third of the passengers were Puritan Separatists who sought to break away from the established Church of England and create a society along the lines of their religious ideals. Others were hired hands, servants, or farmers recruited by London merchants, all originally destined for the

"Abigail Adams Smith"
Abigail Adams Smith Abigail ""Nabby"" Amelia Adams Smith (July 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813) was the firstborn of Abigail and John Adams, founding father and second President of the United States. She was named for her mother. At the age of 18, Nabby met and fell in love with Royall Tyler. Her father thought she was too young to have a suitor, but he eventually accepted it. At one point the two were even engaged to be married. But John Adams, then the U.S. minister to the Kingdom of Great Britain, eagerly called for his wife and daughter to

"Thomas Jefferson Randolph"
Adair. In addition, Randolph's sister Ellen wrote to her husband identifying Samuel Carr, Peter's brother, as the father of Hemings' children. The 20th-century historian Dumas Malone used this letter to refute Jefferson's paternity, and was the first to publish it in the 1970s in one of his volumes of the lengthy biography. Later 20th-century historians used Malone's extensive documentation of Jefferson's activities to determine that Jefferson was at Monticello for the conception of some of Hemings's children (he was absent for several days of the conception periods for Madison and Eston, and for half the conception period for Beverly; we

"Barry Allen (Arrowverse)"
love for him. This season began with a new reality identified as Flashpoint, in this reality, Barry's mother was not murdered as Barry had run back in time to save her. In this season Barry's character is faced with a vital moral dilemma, he has to choose either to save his friends who are not doing so well in this reality or to keep living in this timeline where his parents are alive. He chooses to ask Eobard Thawne to go back and murder his mother again in the hopes of restoring his original timeline. A new reality is created

"Felicity Smoak"
bring down Damien Darhk, which ultimately leads her to have to make the decision to re-divert a nuclear bomb from the city of Monument Point to the town of Havenrock, with a lesser but still high loss of life. She is also fired from her job as CEO, due to her consistently neglecting her position. The season ends with Oliver and Felicity alone, in the ruins of their lair. This season also sees the introduction of Felicity's father, revealed to be cyber-criminal Noah Kuttler. Felicity also features in the second Arrowverse Crossover event, (which set up spin-off series"" Legends of

attacked Bart. Zoom was apparently enlisted by Bart's grandmother, Iris, with the goal of immobilizing him before an imminent attack. It was later revealed that Iris only came to the past to warn her grandson about the Rogues (consisting of Abra Kadabra, Mirror Master, Heat Wave, the Pied Piper, the Trickster, Weather Wizard, and Captain Cold), led by Inertia, teaming up. Together they were trying to build a machine that would stop time. As their plan began to come to fruition, Bart was arrested for the fight with Steppenwolf, who was a New God. Bart revealed himself as the Flash

Dilbert
shifted focus away from the workplace and involved absurdist plots such as Wally being mistaken for a religious leader (""The Shroud of Wally"") and Dilbert being accused of mass murder (""The Trial""). Critical and fan reception was resoundingly negative to the change in format and storytelling, and the series was not renewed for a third season. The second season two-episode finale included Dilbert getting pregnant with the child of a cow, a hillbilly, robot DNA, ""several dozen engineers"", an elderly billionaire, and an alien, eventually ending up in a custody battle with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the Judge. On

"Identity Crisis (DC Comics)"
Atom finds his estranged ex-wife, Jean Loring, hanging from a door, blindfolded and gagged, and revives her just in time, however she is unable to describe her attacker. A death threat is then sent to Superman's wife, Lois Lane. Flash Rogues gallery villain Captain Boomerang (Digger Harkness) is hired by third-rate villain the Calculator (on behalf of the real killer) to assassinate Jack Drake, father of Robin, Tim Drake. Jack finds a gun and a note warning him of the impending attempt on his life, and fatally shoots Boomerang who also kills him. Tim Drake comes upon the aftermath of

"Leroy Jethro Gibbs"
as a cold case and finds irrefutable proof that Gibbs is responsible. Hernandez' now-grown children Paloma Reynosa, the head of the Reynosa drug cartel after taking her spouse's place when he was killed, and Alejandro Rivera, a high-ranking official of the Mexican Justice Department appear in the episode ""Spider and the Fly"". In this episode, Gibbs manipulates Alejandro Rivera into killing Paloma, and Alejandro is subsequently arrested. Shortly thereafter, Director Vance files Abby's report proving that Gibbs killed Hernandez deep in the NCIS evidence room. When Gibbs comes under investigation as of the Season 10 finale ""Damned If You Do"",

"The Steve Harvey Show"
Meanwhile, Cedric and Lovita win the lottery and Lovita goes into labor (Terri J. Vaughn's real-life pregnancy was written into the show that season). On November 9, 2002, nine months after the show ended, Merlin Santana was shot in the head and killed while sitting in his friend's (Brandon Adams) car in South Central Los Angeles, California. He was 26 years old. The reason for his death is that the killer's girlfriend falsely stated that Santana tried to rape her. The episode of ""The Steve Harvey Show"" immediately following Santana's death was dedicated to his honor. The series was first

"Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)"
Hunter. Hunter, with the help of Agent Bobbi Morse, fights his way into the house, kills Bloom, and takes Bakshi back into custody, to finally be delivered to Talbot. Now, all of Hydra’s top level operatives in North America are dead. Simmons feels that Raina may be the first victim of an epidemic, and should be put down. Agent Leo Fitz deduces that Skye caused the earthquake in the alien city, and so herself has been altered just like Raina. Hearing what Simmons wants to do to Raina, Fitz decides to hide the truth from the rest of the team.

"Pledge of Allegiance"
Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, also began including the words ""under God"" in the Pledge of Allegiance. In New York City, on April 30, 1951, the board of directors of the Knights of Columbus adopted a resolution to amend the text of their Pledge of Allegiance at the opening of each of the meetings of the 800 Fourth Degree Assemblies of the Knights of Columbus by addition of the words ""under God"" after the words ""one nation."" Over the next two years, the idea spread throughout Knights of Columbus organizations nationwide. On August 21, 1952,

not confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words ""of America"" were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942: Louis Albert Bowman, an attorney from Illinois, was the first to suggest the addition of ""under God"" to the pledge. The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution gave him an Award of Merit as the originator of this idea. He spent his adult life in the Chicago area and was chaplain of the Illinois Society of the Sons of the American

Rabaut whose House Resolution 243 to add the phrase ""under God"" was signed into law on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. The composer, Irving Caesar, wrote and published over 700 songs in his lifetime. Dedicated to social issues, he donated all rights of the musical setting to the U.S. government, so that anyone can perform the piece without owing royalties. It was sung for the first time on the floor of the House of Representatives on Flag Day, June 14, 1955 by the official Air Force choral group the ""Singing Sergeants"". A July 29, 1955 House and Senate resolution authorized

recently, just a year before. He responded enthusiastically to Docherty in a conversation following the service. Eisenhower acted on his suggestion the next day and on February 8, 1954, Rep. Charles Oakman (R-Mich.), introduced a bill to that effect. Congress passed the necessary legislation and Eisenhower signed the bill into law on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. Eisenhower said: The phrase ""under God"" was incorporated into the Pledge of Allegiance on June 14, 1954, by a Joint Resolution of Congress amending § 4 of the Flag Code enacted in 1942. On October 6, 1954, the National Executive Committee of the

alteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954, when the words ""under God"" were added. Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations. All states except Hawaii, Iowa, Vermont and Wyoming require a regularly scheduled recitation of the pledge in the public schools, although the Supreme Court has ruled in ""West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette"" that students cannot be compelled to recite the Pledge, nor can they be punished for not doing so. In a number of states, state

"George MacPherson Docherty"
George MacPherson Docherty George MacPherson Docherty (May 9, 1911 – November 27, 2008) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian minister and principal initiator of the addition of the words ""under God"" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. Docherty was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1911. After graduation from Glasgow University and a three-year pastorate at Aberdeen's North Kirk, he set sail from Southampton to the United States in 1950. Docherty succeeded Peter Marshall as the pastor of the historic New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington D.C., just a few blocks from the White House.

in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania for a year. Several years later he would return again to Alexandria, Pennsylvania, near Huntingdon. Docherty died at his home in Alexandria on Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 2008. George MacPherson Docherty George MacPherson Docherty (May 9, 1911 – November 27, 2008) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian minister and principal initiator of the addition of the words ""under God"" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. Docherty was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1911. After graduation from Glasgow University and a three-year pastorate at Aberdeen's North Kirk, he set sail from Southampton to

the phrase ""under God"" violates protections against the establishment of religion guaranteed in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In 2004, linguist Geoffrey Nunberg said the original supporters of the addition thought that they were simply quoting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, but to Lincoln and his contemporaries, ""under God"" meant ""God willing"", so they would have found its use in the Pledge of Allegiance grammatically incorrect and semantically odd. Prominent legal challenges were brought in the 1930s and 1940s by Jehovah's Witnesses, a denomination whose beliefs preclude swearing loyalty to any power other than God, and who objected to policies

"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance"
pledge violates any part of the Establishment Clause."" Derek Gaubatz, Director of Litigation for the Becket Fund, said his group would appeal the decision ""if necessary to the Supreme Court to get that ruling reversed to secure the constitutionality of the pledge once and for all"". The words ""under God"" were added to the Pledge on June 14, 1954 when then U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill into law. At the time, Eisenhower stated that ""From this day forward, the millions of our school children will daily proclaim in every city and town, every village and rural schoolhouse,

Revolution. At a meeting on February 12, 1948, he led the society in reciting the pledge with the two words ""under God"" added. He said that the words came from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Although not all manuscript versions of the Gettysburg Address contain the words ""under God"", all the reporters' transcripts of the speech as delivered do, as perhaps Lincoln may have deviated from his prepared text and inserted the phrase when he said ""that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom."" Bowman repeated his revised version of the Pledge at other meetings. In 1951, the

"Joie de vivre"
which would translate to ""joy of life"". The Matisse painting ""Le bonheur de vivre"" translates as, ""The Happiness of Life"". Joie de vivre Joie de vivre (, ""joy of living"") is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life; an exultation of spirit. It ""can be a joy of conversation, joy of eating, joy of anything one might do… And ""joie de vivre"" may be seen as a joy of everything, a comprehensive joy, a philosophy of life, a ""Weltanschauung"". Robert's ""Dictionnaire"" says joie is ""sentiment exaltant ressenti par toute la conscience"", that is,

SONCAS
SONCAS SONCAS is a French acronym for ""Sécurité - Orgueil - Nouveauté - Confort - Argent - Sympathie"". Well known in France, this system was invented to know what motivates a person to buy a product. After the research of a French study it was found that most people are driven by one of these six topics ""Sécurité - Orgueil - Nouveauté - Confort - Argent - Sympathie"" that could be translated to ""Security - Pride - Novelty/Technology - Comfort - Money - Sympathy"". This technique is used by sellers to find what motivation a buyer requires to make then

Joie de vivre Joie de vivre (, ""joy of living"") is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life; an exultation of spirit. It ""can be a joy of conversation, joy of eating, joy of anything one might do… And ""joie de vivre"" may be seen as a joy of everything, a comprehensive joy, a philosophy of life, a ""Weltanschauung"". Robert's ""Dictionnaire"" says joie is ""sentiment exaltant ressenti par toute la conscience"", that is, involves one's whole being."" Casual use of the phrase in French can be dated back at least as far as

Vergonha
were born out of a completely new world. This is the French State that has just entered the 21st century, a country where stone monuments and natural landscapes are preserved and respected, but where many centuries of popular creation expressed in different tongues are on the brink of extinction. The ""gloire"" and the ""grandeur"" built on a genocide. No liberty, no equality, no fraternity: just cultural extermination, this is the real motto of the French Republic. In 1972, Georges Pompidou, the President of France and a native of an Occitan-speaking region, declared that ""there is no room for regional languages

Sacrebleu
Sacrebleu Sacrebleu is a dated French profanity meant as a cry of surprise or happiness. The expression today is not used in the major French-speaking countries France, Belgium, Canada (Québec) or Switzerland, but in the English-speaking world it is well known from Agatha Christie's books about the fictional Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Most French dictionaries state ""sacrebleu"" to be equivalent to ""sacredieu"". The phrase originated from the words ""sacré dieu"". At varying points in history this was considered to be taking God's name in vain which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments. It was then changed to 'bleu' (blue) which

"Roger Bontemps"
Roger Bontemps Roger Bontemps is semi-mythical French figure who personifies a state of leisure and freedom from care. According to Pierre-Jean de Béranger, Roger Bontemps is the epitome of ""Never say die"". The figure first appears as a literary character in ""Le Livre du Cuers d'Amours Espris"" (The Book of the Love-Smitten Heart) attributed to René of Anjou (1409–1480), also known as ""Good King René"". In this allegory of love, written ca. 1457–77, ""Rogier Bon Temps"" is the only character who refuses to surrender his heart to the God of Love. ""Roger Bontemps"" is said to have been the nickname

"Bon chic bon genre"
Bon chic bon genre Bon chic, bon genre () is an expression used in France to refer to a subculture of stylish members of the Paris upper class. They are typically well-educated, well-connected, and descended from ""old money"" families, preferably with some aristocratic ancestry. The style combines certain fashionable tastes with the appearance of social respectability. The expression is sometimes shortened to ""BCBG"" (the fashion company BCBG Max Azria was named in reference to the subculture). Parallels are often seen between this subculture and similar upper-class social groups in the United States (""preppy"") and the United Kingdom (""Sloane Rangers""). As

Sans-culottes
currency as an enduring symbol for the passion, idealism and patriotism of the common man of the French Revolution. The term sans-culottism, ""sans-culottisme"" in French, refers to this idealized image and the themes associated with it. Many public figures and revolutionaries who were not strictly working class styled themselves ""citoyens sans-culottes"" in solidarity and recognition. However, in the period immediately following the Thermidorian Reaction the ""sans-culottes"" and other far-left political factions were heavily persecuted and repressed by the likes of the Muscadins. The French Republican Calendar at first termed the complementary days at the end of the year ""Sansculottides""; however,

Tout-Paris
Tout-Paris Le Tout-Paris (""everyone in Paris"") is a French expression referring to the fashionable and affluent elite of the city, who frequent fashionable events and places, and establish trends in upper-class culture. It is equivalent to the ""jet set"" elsewhere. The expression ""tout-Paris"" was used in the 17th century to refer to ""high society"" among the aristocratic inhabitants of the city of Paris. It was used in 1660 by Nicolas Boileau in his ""Satires"" to refer to the influential members of Paris society who made Pierre Corneille's play El Cid popular, in the famous sentence, ""In vain, a minister sought

"Un gars, une fille"
and rough lines and scribbles, (seen in the transition graphics, see Original section), as well as a logo with simulated printing mistakes and smears, has been imitated by most of the other versions, with the notable exception of the American version. The character names are often those of the actors, as in the first version. The concept of ""Un gars, une fille"" began in the 1990s as a series of short segments featured on ""Besoin d'amour"", a TQS network daily talk-show, hosted by Guy A. Lepage that ran from 1995 to 1996. Lepage, a veteran of the renowned comedy troupe

"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine"
on ""The Proud Family Soundtrack"". You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine ""You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine"" (written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album ""All Things in Time"". The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by ""You Should Be Dancing"" by The Bee Gees

You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine ""You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine"" (written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album ""All Things in Time"". The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by ""You Should Be Dancing"" by The Bee Gees and ""(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake

"I'll Never Find Another You"
song for her 1968 album ""Nora Aunor Sings"". I'll Never Find Another You ""I'll Never Find Another You"" is a 1964 single by The Seekers which reached No. 1 in the UK in February 1965. It was The Seekers' first UK-released single, and was the second-best selling single of 1965 in the UK. The song was also popular in the US, reaching peaks of No. 4 pop and No. 2 easy listening on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 charts. The track was written and produced by Tom Springfield, who was also responsible for most of The Seekers' subsequent hits. The tune

I'll Never Find Another You ""I'll Never Find Another You"" is a 1964 single by The Seekers which reached No. 1 in the UK in February 1965. It was The Seekers' first UK-released single, and was the second-best selling single of 1965 in the UK. The song was also popular in the US, reaching peaks of No. 4 pop and No. 2 easy listening on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 charts. The track was written and produced by Tom Springfield, who was also responsible for most of The Seekers' subsequent hits. The tune received a 1967 US revival as a country

music No. 1 by Sonny James. In 2006, it received yet another revival with a folk rock cover from guitarist Les Fradkin on his CD ""Jangleholic"". In July 2018, the song was featured in a Westpac bank TV advertisement in Australia, covered by Julia Jacklin. The song was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry in 2011. In 2010, the song was performed at a benefit for the homeless youth organization Teen Feed by Death Cab for Cutie frontman Ben Gibbard and his wife, singer/actress Zooey Deschanel. Filipino singer/actress Nora Aunor covered the

the same chords, and has a similar sound. Rocco DiSpirito and Karina Smirnoff also danced the rumba to this song in week 2 of season 7 of ""Dancing with the Stars"". ""You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine"" has been covered by singers Michael Bublé, Laura Pausini, reggae singer John Holt and by the Dub Pistols (who use a sample of John Holt's version) on their ""Speakers and Tweeters"" album. Jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine covered the song on his 1976 album ""The Man with the Sad Face"". as did Hank Crawford on ""Hank Crawford's Back"". This song was also featured

"Never Ending Song of Love"
which reached #43 on the country charts in 1982. Crystal Gayle's last U.S. chart hit was a cover of the song, which reached #72 on the country chart in 1990. As of 2008, it had been covered by over 100 artists. Never Ending Song of Love ""Never Ending Song of Love"" is a song written by Delaney Bramlett, and, according to some sources, by his wife Bonnie Bramlett. It was originally recorded with his band, Delaney & Bonnie & Friends, in 1971 on the album ""Motel Shot"". Released as a single by Atco Records the same year, ""Never Ending Song

"I'll Never Love This Way Again"
I'll Never Love This Way Again ""I'll Never Love This Way Again"" is a Grammy Award-winning, Gold-certified 1979 hit recorded by American singer Dionne Warwick. The song was composed by Richard Kerr (music) and Will Jennings (lyrics) and produced by Arista labelmate Barry Manilow. The hit song was recorded for Warwick's first Arista label album titled Dionne (1979). It had been recorded by Cheryl Ladd a year earlier. The song was Warwick's first single release on Arista after an unsuccessful tenure at Warner Bros. Records. The song brought Warwick renewed popularity when it reached #5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100

Never Ending Song of Love ""Never Ending Song of Love"" is a song written by Delaney Bramlett, and, according to some sources, by his wife Bonnie Bramlett. It was originally recorded with his band, Delaney & Bonnie & Friends, in 1971 on the album ""Motel Shot"". Released as a single by Atco Records the same year, ""Never Ending Song of Love"" became Delaney & Bonnie's greatest hit on the pop charts, reaching a peak of #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number eight Easy Listening. It reached #16 in Australia. ""Never Ending Song of Love"" has been prominently covered

"Lou Rawls"
Lou Rawls Louis Allen Rawls (December 1, 1933 – January 6, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, actor, voice actor, and record producer. Rawls released more than 60 albums, sold more than 40 million records, and had numerous charting singles, most notably his song ""You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine"". He worked as a film, television, and voice actor. He was also a three-time Grammy-winner, all for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance. Rawls was born in Chicago on December 1, 1933, and raised by his grandmother in the Ida B. Wells projects on the city's South Side. He began

"Norman Bates"
alive. He kills his abusive father, Sam (David Cubitt), while in a dissociative state, and Norma moves them from Arizona, where he was born and raised, to White Pine Bay, Oregon, to protect him. The series also introduces his maternal half-brother, Dylan Massett (Max Thieriot) and gives him a love interest in Emma Decody (Olivia Cooke), a classmate with cystic fibrosis. As ""Mother"", Norman murders Blaire Watson (Keegan Connor Tracy), one of his teachers who seduces him; Bradley Martin (Nicola Peltz), a girl he has feelings for; and Audrey Ellis Decody (Karina Logue), Emma's estranged mother. Fearing for his sanity,

"Mr. Edwards"
are married. They adopt three children orphaned when their mother dies of an illness: John Jr., Carl and Alicia Sanders. The family remains a part of the cast until the end of the third season, when Mr. Edwards uses a gold claim to begin a logging empire (the storyline was created after Victor French took the lead role in another series, ""Carter Country""). French reprised his role in a Season 6 episode, ""The Return of Mr. Edwards"", where he is seriously injured by a falling tree and becomes suicidal; Charles and Laura arrive to help Mr. Edwards out of his

"Dylan McKay"
Dylan McKay Dylan McKay, played by Luke Perry, is a fictional character from the television series ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". The son of morally ambiguous business tycoon Jack McKay and hippie ex-wife Iris McKay, Dylan starts the series with a reputation for being a dangerous loner. After he stands up to some bullies for freshman student Scott Scanlon, he is befriended by Brandon Walsh and through Brandon; Donna Martin, Kelly Taylor, Steve Sanders, Brenda Walsh, Andrea Zuckerman and David Silver. Dylan grows close to all of them, and they help soften his rebel attitude. Dylan eventually starts dating Brenda, and despite

"Bates Motel (TV series)"
same day, Max Thieriot was cast as Norman's half-brother, Dylan Massett. Shortly after, on September 19, 2012, Nicola Peltz was cast as Bradley Martin, a possible love interest for Norman. Finally, on September 20, 2012, Olivia Cooke was the final main cast member to join the series, in the role of Emma Decody, Norman's best friend. Nestor Carbonell was cast in a recurring role as Sheriff Alex Romero in the first season, but was upgraded to the main cast at the beginning of the second season. In July 2014, Kenny Johnson, who recurred as Norma's brother Caleb Calhoun in the

"Dylan McAvoy"
has been credited by Burton as allowing him to portray his lighter side in addition to more of his own personality. The character was later paired with Chelsea Lawson (Melissa Claire Egan); their short-lived romance received negative reviews from viewers and critics alike. In October 2013, it was revealed that Dylan is in fact the long-lost son of Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott), Nicholas' mother, making them half-brothers. In June 2014, it was revealed that Dylan's biological father is Nikki's childhood friend, and chief of police, Paul Williams (Doug Davidson). Burton's performance earned him a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for

"John Connor"
sayings like """"hasta la vista"", baby!."" He forms an emotional bond with the Terminator, coming to regard it as a father figure, and does not want the Terminator to destroy himself at the end of the film, despite the Terminator's warning that allowing him to continue existing creates the risk that his chip could be used to recreate Skynet at some future date. John Connor is briefly seen at the beginning of the film in a flash-forward as an adult, played by Michael Edwards. Dalton Abbot (Linda Hamilton's son), also played John as a toddler in a dream sequence. The

"Bates Motel (film)"
a pilot for a proposed TV series set in the Bates Motel, but it was not picked up by the network. The film ignores the timeline from ""Psycho II"" and ""Psycho III"". Alex West (Bud Cort) roomed with Norman Bates (Kurt Paul) at the state lunatic asylum nearly twenty years for killing his abusive stepfather, and they became close friends. After Norman's death, Alex learns that he has inherited the Bates Motel, which has been vacant since Norman's arrest. Alex travels to Norman's California hometown (renamed Fairville for this film; in the original film it was Fairvale) and with a

"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"
the Senate rules against rescuing the dinosaurs, Hammond's former partner, Benjamin Lockwood, summons Claire to his Northern California estate. Lockwood and his aide, Eli Mills, reveal a plan to relocate the dinosaurs to a new island sanctuary. Claire is needed to help reactivate the park's dinosaur tracking system to locate the animals, particularly Blue, the last surviving ""Velociraptor"". Although they are estranged, Claire recruits Jurassic World's former ""Velociraptor"" trainer and Blue's alpha, Owen Grady, to help capture her. On Isla Nublar, Claire and former park technician Franklin Webb reactivate the online tracking system. Owen, paleo-veterinarian Zia Rodriguez, and a mercenary

"Charlie Tahan"
Charlie Tahan Charles Tahan (born June 11, 1998) is an American actor. Notable roles include Wyatt Langmore in the Netflix crime drama ""Ozark"", the voice of Victor Frankenstein in the animated film ""Frankenweenie"" (2012), Ben Burke in the dystopian mystery series ""Wayward Pines"" (2015–16) and the young Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow in the DC Comics television series ""Gotham"". Tahan was born and raised in Glen Rock, New Jersey, where he attended Glen Rock High School. His sister is actress Daisy Tahan, and he has an older brother named Willie. Tahan portrayed Ethan in ""I Am Legend"", appeared in ""Burning Bright"",

"Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House"
across an ad for new homes in Connecticut and they get excited about moving. Planning to purchase and ""fix up"" an old home, the couple contact a real estate agent, who uses them to unload ""the old Hackett Place"" in (fictional) Lansdale County, Connecticut. It is a leaning, dilapidated, nearly 200-year old farmhouse on some 35 acres where General Gates stopped to water his horses during the Revolutionary War. The Blandingses purchase the property for 5 times more than the going rate per acre for locals, provoking his friend/lawyer Bill Cole (Melvyn Douglas) to chastise him for following his heart

"Snow leopard"
the arms of Shushensky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. The Snow Leopard award, given to Soviet mountaineers who scaled all five of the Soviet Union's 7,000-meter peaks, is named after the animal, but does not depict one. The cat is the state animal of Himachal Pradesh, a north Indian state in the western Himalayas. The animal has also been declared the ""National Predator"" of Pakistan. Documentary footage of the snow leopard is scarce. While such coverage would not be remarkable with regard to common species, wildlife video of the snow leopard is difficult to obtain due to the animal's rarity and

Bharal
notable detrimental effect on the bharal has been observed. Many Buddhist monasteries protect the bharal found around them, but lately, issues of crop damage caused by bharal have started to arise in areas such as the Spiti Valley. Bharal The bharal (""Pseudois nayaur""), also called the Himalayan blue Dog or naur, is a caprid found in the high Himalayas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Myanmar and Pakistan and some parts of rural Indore. Its native names include ""bharal"", ""barhal"", ""bharar"" and ""bharut"" in Hindi, ""na"" or ""sna"" in Ladakh, ""nabo"" in Spitian, ""naur"" in Nepali and ""na"" or ""gnao"" in

Bharal
Bharal The bharal (""Pseudois nayaur""), also called the Himalayan blue Dog or naur, is a caprid found in the high Himalayas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Myanmar and Pakistan and some parts of rural Indore. Its native names include ""bharal"", ""barhal"", ""bharar"" and ""bharut"" in Hindi, ""na"" or ""sna"" in Ladakh, ""nabo"" in Spitian, ""naur"" in Nepali and ""na"" or ""gnao"" in Bhutan. The bharal was also the focus of George Schaller's and Peter Matthiessen's expedition to Nepal in 1973. Their personal experiences are well documented by Matthiessen in his book, ""The Snow Leopard"". The bharal is a major food

"Vikram Samvat"
Vikram Samvat Vikram Samvat (IAST: Vikrama Samvat) (abbreviated as V.S. (or VS) or B.S. (or BS)); ) (also called the Bikrami calendar or sometimes just Hindu calendar) is the historical Hindu calendar of India and Nepal. It uses lunar months and solar sidereal years. It is the official calendar of Nepal. The Vikram Samvat is notable because many ancient and medieval era inscriptions use it. It is said to be named after the legendary king Vikramaditya, but the term ""Vikrama Samvat"" does not appear in the historical records before the 9th century, rather the same calendaring system is found by

"Snow Lion"
Snow Lion The Snow Lion, sometimes also Snowlion (; ), is a celestial animal of Tibet. It is the emblem of Tibet, representing the snowy mountain ranges and glaciers of Tibet, and may also symbolize power and strength, and fearlessness and joy, east and the earth element. It is one of the Four Dignities. It ranges over the mountains, and is commonly pictured as being white with a turquoise mane. From 1909 until 1959, a single snow lion or a pair of them was used as the national emblem of Tibet on coins, postage stamps, banknotes and the national flag

"Alpine musk deer"
Alpine musk deer The Alpine musk deer (""Moschus chrysogaster"") is a musk deer species native to the eastern Himalayas in Nepal, Bhutan and India to the highlands of Tibet. The Alpine musk deer recorded in the Himalayan foothills is now considered a separate species, the Himalayan musk deer. It is the state animal of Uttarakhand. The Alpine musk deer belongs to the family Moschidae. This family is part of a clade that includes Bovidae, and Cervidae, which is a sister group to Giraffidae, who are all clustered together with Ruminatia under the order Artiodactyla. Recent studies have shown a relation

"Flag of Tibet"
in India. As part of his project to inculcate pan-Tibetan nationalism (of all Tibetan people and not just those in his previous domain of the Tibet Autonomous Region), he standardized and adopted symbols as nationalist symbols, such as the Lhasa dialect of Tibetan, a Tibetan national anthem, and the flag. According to the Central Tibetan Administration website, the symbolism of the flag includes the mountain representing Tibet, the snow lions of ""a unified spiritual and secular life"", three-coloured jewel of the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. The flag is popularly known as the Snow Lion Flag due to the

"Himalayan rabbit"
a disqualification because it is not on the usable portion of the pelt. If the markings spread into the usable portion of the pelt, such as into the belly or on the pin bones, it is a disqualification. Warmer weather may lighten markings, shrink markings, and cause white hairs in markings (known as ""frosting""). In extreme warm weather, a Himalayan may even develop light or white toenails. Chocolate and lilac Himalayans usually have bigger markings than blacks and blues, and are more likely to develop disqualifying markings, known as ""smut"". Himalayans may develop smut after just ten minutes of contact

"Snow partridge"
Snow partridge The snow partridge (""Lerwa lerwa"") is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae found widely distributed across the high-altitude Himalayan regions of India, Pakistan, Nepal and China. It is the only species within its genus. The species is found in alpine pastures and open hillside above the treeline but not in as bare rocky terrain as the Himalayan snowcock and is not as wary as that species. Males and females look similar in plumage but males have a spur on their tarsus. This partridge appears grey above and chestnut below with bright red bill and legs and the

of Tibet. The version shown on right with two Snow Lions was introduced by the 13th Dalai Lama in 1912 based on old military banners, and is still used by the Government of Tibet in Exile. The flag is popular known as the Snow Lion Flag (""gangs seng dar cha""). Snow lion is frequently mentioned in Tibetan folk songs and proverbs. It is thought to live in the highest mountains as it is the ""king of beasts"" that would tower over other animals of the lower levels. Snow lions may also represent hermits and yogis who live high up in

"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"
Suite: Judy Blue Eyes ""Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"" is a suite of short songs written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). It appeared on the group's self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, reaching #21 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 pop singles chart. In Canada, ""Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"" peaked at number 11. The song is a suite in the classical sense, i.e. an ordered set of musical pieces. The title ""Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"" (a play on words for ""Sweet Judy Blue Eyes"") refers to Stephen Stills' former girlfriend, singer/songwriter

Judy Collins, and the lyrics to most of the suite's sections consist of his thoughts about her and their imminent breakup. Collins is known for her piercing blue eyes. During a July 15, 2007 interview for the National Public Radio program ""Just Roll Tape"", Stills revealed that Collins was present in the studio when the demo tapes were recorded. Collins had advised Stills ""not to stay [at the studio] all night."" Stills later commented that ""the breakup was imminent...we were both too large for one house."" Stills said that he liked parts of this demo version of ""Suite: Judy Blue

was named the 51st greatest song ever in a 2000 list by VH1. In 2004, ""Rolling Stone"" magazine ranked it number 418 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's ""500 Songs That Shaped Rock & Roll"". Suite: Judy Blue Eyes ""Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"" is a suite of short songs written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). It appeared on the group's self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, reaching #21 on the ""Billboard"" Hot

Eyes"" better than the released version. Collins and Stills had met in 1967 and dated for two years. In 1969, she was appearing in the New York Shakespeare Festival musical production of ""Peer Gynt"" and had fallen in love with her co-star Stacy Keach, eventually leaving Stills for him. Stills was devastated by the possible breakup and wrote the song as a response to his sadness. In a 2000 interview, Collins gave her impressions of when she first heard the song: The recording features an acoustic guitar tuned to EEEEBE (""Bruce Palmer Modal Tuning"") vs. the standard EADGBE tuning. This

"Reflections in a Golden Eye (novel)"
Weldon Penderton and his wife Leonora, a feeble-minded Army brat, have a fiery relationship and she takes many lovers. Leonora's current lover, Major Morris Langdon, lives with his depressed wife Alison and her flamboyant Filipino houseboy Anacleto, near the Pendertons. Capt. Penderton, as a closeted homosexual, realizes that he is physically attracted to Pvt. Williams, but remains unaware of the private's attraction to Leonora. After its publication in 1941 the novel caused some consternation in Columbus, Georgia and at Fort Benning, where people speculated about the source of McCullers' tale. According to author Michael Bronski, McCullers tackled the topics of

"Elisabeth's Eyes"
his direction for the album. Both singles from the album were produced by Kershaw and Julian Mendelsohn, whilst the two also re-worked the production of the entire album, earning them an additional production credit. The song's lyrics refer to American convict Willie Darden and his intimate relationship via letters with Elisabeth Allen from Stanford, England. Darden was convicted for a murder that occurred during the robbery of a furniture store. Allen and others in America were convinced of Darden's innocence and consistently battled for a reprieve. In early 1988, after spending years on death row, the State of Florida executed

"Door Wide Open"
fame was exploding after the release of ""On the Road"". ""Door Wide Open"" spans events from the couple's first meeting until after the romance had faded into friendship. Door Wide Open Door Wide Open: A Beat Love Affair In Letters, 1957-1958 is a collection of letters that were written in 1957-1958 between Joyce Johnson and Jack Kerouac. The letters depict the rather detached and absurd romance of the two writers, and they are supplemented greatly by Johnson's own narration and related letters between Joyce and her friends and relatives. Johnson is referred to in Kerouac's novel ""Desolation Angels"" as Alyce

"My Soul Looks Back"
My Soul Looks Back My Soul Looks Back: A Memoir is a memoir by cookbook author and food historian Jessica B. Harris, particularly describing on her life and friendships with major black writers like James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, and Toni Morrison in New York City in the 1970s. Harris published the 255-page book with Scribner on March 9, 2017. ""Publisher's Weekly"" described the book as ""a lively, entertaining, and informative recounting of a time and place that shaped and greatly enriched American culture,"" namely Harris's life as a young person in New York City in the 1970s amid black luminaries

"Betty Blue Eyes"
Betty Blue Eyes Betty Blue Eyes is a 2011 stage musical comedy based on the 1984 film ""A Private Function"", and features music by George Stiles, with lyrics by Anthony Drewe. The book was written for the stage by Ron Cowen and Daniel Lipman, adapted from Alan Bennett's original screenplay. ""Betty Blue Eyes"" is based on the 1984 film ""A Private Function"", by Alan Bennett. The show marked producer Cameron Mackintosh's first new musical in over 10 years and when describing what drew him to the project (which he has described as ""delicious""), Mackintosh said: ""Betty Blue Eyes"" opened at

Door Wide Open Door Wide Open: A Beat Love Affair In Letters, 1957-1958 is a collection of letters that were written in 1957-1958 between Joyce Johnson and Jack Kerouac. The letters depict the rather detached and absurd romance of the two writers, and they are supplemented greatly by Johnson's own narration and related letters between Joyce and her friends and relatives. Johnson is referred to in Kerouac's novel ""Desolation Angels"" as Alyce Newman, and she has written several introductions for his works. The relationship between the two took place during a very pivotal time period in Kerouac's life, when his

"Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor"
core gameplay mechanics, story and narrative are unchanged in the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 ports, some features (such as the Nemesis system) are less complex than the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions. According to the game's developer, the Nemesis system was too large for older consoles. The music for ""Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor"" was composed by Garry Schyman and Nathan Grigg, and a soundtrack album was released digitally by WaterTower Music on September 30, 2014. In designing the game's music, the team used a number of sonic tools which synchronize with other aspects of the game (such as

player actions and enemy movements); combat music included waterphones and spring drums. In August 2013 an artist mentioned that Monolith Productions was working on a AAA title separate from ""Guardians of Middle-earth"", and on November 12 its title was announced. Although the game was originally scheduled for release on October 7, 2014, according to Warner Bros. its release was moved up to September 30 in North America and October 3 in the United Kingdom due to ""fans' excitement"". The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions were released on November 18 in North America and November 21 in Europe. On December

must declare sponsored advertising in the future. The game's sequel, ""Middle-earth: Shadow of War"", was announced in February 2017. The sequel was developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. It was released Worldwide on October 10, 2017. Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. An original non-canon story set in the legendarium created by

"Middle-earth: Shadow of War"
2017 Game of the Year Awards. It won the award for ""Best Combat"" in ""Game Informer""s 2017 Action Game of the Year Awards. Middle-earth: Shadow of War Middle-earth: Shadow of War is an action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the sequel to 2014's """", and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 10, 2017. ""Shadow of War"" continues the previous game's narrative, which is based on J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium and set between the events of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of

Middle-earth: Shadow of War Middle-earth: Shadow of War is an action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the sequel to 2014's """", and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 10, 2017. ""Shadow of War"" continues the previous game's narrative, which is based on J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium and set between the events of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"". Like its predecessor, the game also takes heavy inspiration from director Peter Jackson's ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings""

through December 31, 2019. Warner Brothers was criticized for attempting to cash in on Michael Forgey's death. Following public backlash, on September 27, 2017, the DLC was made free to all who purchased the game and all proceeds were refunded to those who purchased it beforehand, in favor of Warner Bros making a lump sum donation to the Forgey family. ""Shadow of War"" was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The Play Anywhere feature extends to Microsoft's premium console, the Xbox One X. The title was originally scheduled to be released in August 2017, but in June

edition with DLC was announced on April 29, 2015 and released on May 5 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. A special edition, with in-game items and a steelbook, was introduced on August 1. The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the Microsoft Windows version a score of 84 out of 100 (based on 17 reviews), the PlayStation 4 version scored 84 out of 100 (based on 85 reviews), and the Xbox One version scored 87 out of 100 (based on 12 reviews). The game's core feature, its Nemesis system, was praised. According to Lucas Sullivan of GamesRadar, the

Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. An original non-canon story set in the legendarium created by J. R. R. Tolkien, the game takes place between the events of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"". The player controls Talion, a Ranger who bonds with the wraith of the Elf Lord Celebrimbor, as the two

"Shadow of the Tomb Raider"
Shadow of the Tomb Raider Shadow of the Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Eidos Montréal in conjunction with Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. It continues the narrative from the 2015 game ""Rise of the Tomb Raider"" and is the twelfth mainline entry in the ""Tomb Raider"" series. The game was released worldwide on 14 September 2018 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a further release on macOS and Linux set for 2019. Set shortly after the events of ""Rise of the Tomb Raider"", its story follows Lara Croft as she ventures

of that year, Warner Bros. Interactive announced that the release would be put off for two months, until October 10, 2017, to make sure the game meets ""the highest quality experience"" for players. Despite this delay, the mobile companion versions of ""Shadow of War"" were released on September 28, 2017, ahead of the console/PC versions. ""Middle-earth: Shadow of War"" received ""generally favorable"" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. ""IGN"" gave a positive review stating that the game was ""bigger and more ambitious in scope than ""Shadow of Mordor"", with great results"" especially praising the nemesis system, the battles

"Table setting"
Table setting Table setting (laying a table) or place setting refers to the way to set a table with tableware—such as eating utensils and for serving and eating. The arrangement for a single diner is called a place setting. The practice of dictating the precise arrangement of tableware has varied across cultures and historical periods. Informal settings generally have fewer utensils and dishes but use a layout based on more formal settings. Utensils are arranged in the order and according to the manner in which the diner will use them. In the West, forks, plate, butter knife, and napkin generally

fork, later the dinner fork and the dinner knife). The blades of the knives are turned toward the plate. Glasses are placed an inch (2.5 cm) or so above the knives, also in the order of use: white wine, red wine, dessert wine, and water tumbler. The most formal dinner is served from the kitchen. When the meal is served, in addition to the central plate (a service plate or dinner plate at supper; at luncheon, a service plate or luncheon plate) at each place there are a bread roll (generally on a bread plate, sometimes in the napkin), napkin,

dinner, not served from the kitchen, the dessert fork and spoon can be set above the plate, fork pointing right, spoon pointing left. Table setting Table setting (laying a table) or place setting refers to the way to set a table with tableware—such as eating utensils and for serving and eating. The arrangement for a single diner is called a place setting. The practice of dictating the precise arrangement of tableware has varied across cultures and historical periods. Informal settings generally have fewer utensils and dishes but use a layout based on more formal settings. Utensils are arranged in the

"Table manners"
Table manners Table manners are the rules used while eating, which may also include the use of utensils. Different cultures observe different rules for table manners. Each family or group sets its own standards for how strictly these rules are to be enforced. Traditionally in Western Europe, the host or hostess takes the first bite unless he or she instructs otherwise. The host begins after all food for that course has been served and everyone is seated. In religious households, a family meal may commence with saying grace, or at dinner parties the guests might begin the meal by offering

are placed to the left of the dinner plate, and knives, spoons, stemware and tumblers, cups, and saucers to the right. (By contrast, formal settings in Armenia place the fork to the right of the dinner plate and informal settings in Turkey place the fork to the right of the dinner plate if not accompanied by a knife) Sauceboats and serving dishes, when used, either are placed on the table or, more formally, may be kept on a side table. At an informal setting, fewer utensils are used and serving dishes are placed on the table. Sometimes the cup and

and flatware (knives and spoons to the right of the central plate, and forks to the left). Coffee is served in Butler Service style in demitasses, and a spoon placed on the saucer to the right of each handle. Serving dishes and utensils are not placed on the table for a formal dinner. The only exception in the West to these general rules is the protocol followed at the Spanish royal court, which was also adopted by the Austrian court, in which all cutlery was placed to the right of the central plate for each diner. At a less formal

Buffet
Buffet A buffet (, , from ) is a system of serving meals in which food is placed in a public area where the diners serve themselves. Buffets are offered at various places including hotels, restaurants and many social events. Buffet restaurants normally offer all-you-can-eat food for a set price, but some measure prices by weight. Buffets usually have some hot dishes, so the term cold buffet (see Smörgåsbord) has been developed to describe formats lacking hot food. Hot or cold buffets usually involve dishware and utensils, but a finger buffet is an array of foods that are designed to

Countertop
Countertop A countertop (also counter top, counter, benchtop, (British English) worktop, or (Australian English) kitchen bench) is a horizontal work surface in kitchens or other food preparation areas, bathrooms or lavatories, and workrooms in general. It is frequently installed upon and supported by cabinets. The surface is positioned at an ergonomic height for the user and the particular task for which it is designed. A countertop may be constructed of various materials with different attributes of functionality, durability, and aesthetics. The countertop may have built-in applicances, or accessory items relative to the intended application. In Australian English and British English,

"Plate (dishware)"
in wood, pottery and metal go back into antiquity in many cultures. A plate is typically composed of: The usual wide and flat European raised lip is derived from old European metalwork plate shapes; Chinese ceramic plates usually just curve up at the edges, or have a narrow lip. A completely flat serving plate, only practical for dry foods, may be called a trencher, especially if in wood. Plates are commonly made from ceramic materials such as bone china, porcelain, glazed earthenware, and stoneware, as well as other traditional materials like, glass, wood or metal; occasionally, stone has been used.

Tableware
the meal and the style of table arrangement. Tea and coffee tend to involve strong social rituals and so teacups and, coffee cups (including demitasse cups) have a shape that depends on the culture and the social situation in which the drink is taken. Cutlery is an important part of tableware. A basic formal place setting will usually have a dinner plate at the centre, resting on a charger. The rest of the place setting depends upon the first course, which may be soup, salad or fish. In either arrangement, the napkin may either rest folded underneath the forks, or

"Don't Worry, Be Happy"
and everything he has ever heard has gone into his brain, from the Mickey Mouse Club theme to the Metropolitan Opera."" The ""instruments"" in the ""a cappella"" song are entirely overdubbed voice parts and other sounds made by McFerrin, using no instruments at all; McFerrin also sings with an affected accent. The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin, and is somewhat shorter than the album version. Originally released in conjunction with the film ""Cocktail"" in 1988, the song originally peaked at No. 88 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song was re-released

"Be Happy (song)"
number six on the R&B singles chart, becoming her fifth top-ten single on that particular chart. The music video is well known as it was directed from September 16–17, 1994 by Diddy and Hype Williams, shows Mary singing in a white background amidst other things, including stand abroad of a mountain creek. It reached the top 40 in the UK, reaching number thirty on the UK Singles Chart, staying on the charts for five weeks. Upon its release, Blige performed the song (alongside cuts from her second album ""My Life"") on shows such as ""Friday Night Videos"", ""The Tonight Show

"You Don't Have to Worry (Mary J. Blige song)"
and Tony Dofat. The music video, which was directed by F. Gary Gray was filmed at various locations in New York City in the summer of 1993, with Mary performing in a jersey with a New York Yankees cap and baggy jeans, and scenes features Mary wearing an all denim suit with matching boots performing on top of a car in front of a large crowd, as well her wearing an orange jacket. The song's original version which appears in the video, has a slightly alternate difference towards the one on the soundtrack, Blige's vocals throughout the song is multitracked,

"So Happy (song)"
first top-20 hit on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In Canada, it debuted (and peaked) at #58 on the Canadian Hot 100 on March 8, 2008. The song features Shinedown vocalist Brent Smith performing backing vocals. The music video first aired on MuchMusic in the middle of April 2008. It peaked on the MuchMusic Countdown at #10. The video features alternating cuts of the band performing on a mansion porch and Serinda Swan as a disgruntled girlfriend who murders her boyfriend, subsequently steals his property, forges his will, and eventually cleans the murder scene before leaving with a mischievous smile

"Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)"
""Don't Worry Be Happy"" has received 2013 APRA nominations for Most Played Australian Work and Pop Work of the Year. The video for ""Don't Worry Be Happy"" was filmed in Sydney, and was released to iTunes and other digital download sites on 21 November 2011. In the video Sebastian is seen as a businessman having a difficult day. He pours curdled milk over his breakfast cereal, steps out of his apartment building into a rain shower, and his day at the office is shown to be stressful. He walks down to the beach at lunch time appearing very disgruntled. As

"Don't Worry (Madcon song)"
Smiley) plummets to Earth and suffers a bad landing. His tablet computer tells him that he is on Earth, and we are ""Population: Bored"" . The mission of the alien: ""Activate Madsmile"". Markus Bailey was cast as Mr. Smiley a man from outer space wearing golden shoes and shedding joyful light. Don't Worry (Madcon song) ""Don't Worry"" is a song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon featuring vocals from American singer and songwriter Ray Dalton. It was written by Teddy Sky, Johnny Powers Severin and Madcon and was released in Norway as a digital download on 20 February 2015. The

Don't Worry, Be Happy ""Don't Worry, Be Happy"" is a popular worldwide hit song by musician Bobby McFerrin. Released in September 1988, it became the first ""a cappella"" song to reach number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, a position it held for two weeks. The Indian mystic and sage Meher Baba (1894–1969) often used the expression ""Don't worry, be happy"" when cabling his followers in the West. In the 1960s, the expression was printed up on inspirational cards and posters of the era. In 1988, McFerrin noticed a similar poster in the apartment of the jazz duo Tuck

"Happy (Pharrell Williams song)"
including all 360 four-minute segments. Williams himself appears 24 times in the day-long video, once at the start of each hour. There are a number of celebrity cameos in the video, including Whit Hertford, Kelly Osbourne, Rob Zabrecky, Magic Johnson, Urijah Faber, Sérgio Mendes, Jimmy Kimmel, Odd Future, Steve Carell (who plays Gru in ""Despicable Me 2""), Jamie Foxx, Ana Ortiz, Miranda Cosgrove (who plays Margo in ""Despicable Me 2""), Kazuchika Okada, Gavin DeGraw and JoJo. The minions from ""Despicable Me 2"" make several appearances throughout the film, including one scene at 3:00 am, in which Pharrell Williams and the

"Ain't Worried About Nothin'"
Ross, Diddy and Snoop Dogg. An additional remix featuring recording artist Miley Cyrus was premiered online on October 14. A music video was filmed in late April and released on May 7, 2013 for the song. Rappers Rick Ross and Sean Combs make cameo appearances in the video. A video posted by Montana previewed the song and revealed that Miley Cyrus was to be featured on the remix. Then the first official remix was released on October 4, 2013, featuring Rick Ross, Diddy and Snoop Dogg. Then, on October 14, 2013, the remix featuring Miley Cyrus was released. On June

HappyHolograms
much and has grown so powerful that he has reached ""trend-scendence"", ""like Johnny Depp, but cool"". As Cartman continues to appear on screens all around the world, he states that he is now ""trends-gender"" and therefore must be given his own bathroom, which was his motivation for being involved in this plan. The Shakur and Jackson holograms appear at the restaurant where the producer is hiding with the hostages. As Jackson fatally shoots the producer, Kyle, realizing that everyone on the planet can see everyone else on their computers, speaks out to his brother, Ike, apologizing for being a ""grandpa"".

where do the secretory cells of endocrine glands secrete their products

"Endocrine gland"
Endocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion (anterior pituitary) and a neural portion (posterior pituitary), which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the

cretinism in infants and myxoedema in adults. Hyperparathyroidism results in hypercalcaemia and its effects and in extreme bone wasting. Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcaemia, evidenced by tetany seizure and respiratory paralysis. Hyposecretion of insulin results in diabetes mellitus; cardinal signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Endocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs.

"Exocrine gland"
Exocrine gland Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine

glands contain a glandular portion and a duct portion, the structures of which can be used to classify the gland. Exocrine glands are named apocrine glands, holocrine glands, or merocrine glands based on how their products are secreted. Exocrine gland Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and

"Gastric glands"
neck cells"" that produce mucus. This is thought to be different from the mucus produced by the gastric mucosa. Fundic glands found in the fundus and also in the body have another two cell types–gastric chief cells and parietal cells (oxyntic)). The chief cells are found in the basal regions of the gland and release a zymogen – pepsinogen, a precursor to pepsin. The parietal cells (""parietal"" means ""relating to a wall"") are found in the walls of the tubes. The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid–the main component of gastric acid. This needs to be readily available for the stomach

hormonal output of the anterior pituitary and creates two hormones that it exports to the posterior pituitary for storage and later release. Four of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs. Most anterior pituitary hormones exhibit a diurnal rhythm of release, which is subject to modification by stimuli influencing the hypothalamus. Somatotropic hormone or Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates growth of all body tissues but especially skeletal muscle and bone. It may act directly, or indirectly via insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). GH mobilizes fats, stimulates protein synthesis,

and cortisol. It controls the behaviour during crisis and emotional situations. It stimulates the heart and its conducting tissues and metabolic processes. The pancreas, located in the abdomen, below and behind the stomach, is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release insulin and glucagon and smaller amounts of other hormones into the blood. Insulin and glucagon influence blood sugar levels. Glucagon is released when blood glucose level is low, and stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood. Insulin increases the rate of glucose

Gastric glands The gastric glands are located in different regions of the stomach. These are the fundic glands, the cardiac glands, and the pyloric glands. The glands and gastric pits are located in the stomach lining. The glands themselves are in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and they open into the bases of the gastric pits formed by the epithelium. The various cells of the glands secrete mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, gastrin, and bicarbonate. The three types of gland are all located beneath the gastric pits within the gastric mucosa–the mucous membrane of the stomach. The

"Salivary gland"
These drain into ducts situated between the lobes of the gland (called interlobar ducts or secretory ducts). These are found on most major and minor glands (exception may be the sublingual gland). All of the human salivary glands terminate in the mouth, where the saliva proceeds to aid in digestion. The saliva that salivary glands release is quickly inactivated in the stomach by the acid that is present, however saliva also contains enzymes that are actually activated by stomach acid. About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in normal, adult

(erythropoietin and renin); the thymus; skin (cholecalciferol); and adipose tissue (leptin and resistin). Endocrine glands derive from all three germ layers. The natural decrease in function of the female’s ovaries during late middle age results in menopause. The efficiency of all endocrine glands seems to decrease gradually as aging occurs. This leads to a generalized increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and a lower metabolic rate. Local chemical messengers, not generally considered part of the endocrine system, include autocrines, which act on the cells that secrete them, and paracrines, which act on a different cell type nearby. The ability

"1918 Vancouver Island earthquake"
1918 Vancouver Island earthquake The 1918 Vancouver Island earthquake occurred in British Columbia, Canada at 12:41 a.m. Pacific Standard Time on December 6. The earthquake was most likely of the strike-slip type, and was estimated to have a maximum perceived intensity of VII (""Very strong"") on the Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter was located east of the Stewardson inlet on the west coast of Vancouver Island, with damage occurring at the Estevan Point lighthouse on the Hesquiat Peninsula. The event registered 7.2 on the moment magnitude scale and was felt as far as northern Washington state and the interior of

"2008 Vancouver tornado"
2008 Vancouver tornado The 2008 Vancouver tornado was a rare tornado that occurred in the city of Vancouver, Washington on January 10, 2008. The NWS rated this storm to be an EF-1 (wind speeds of 90-110 mph). The National Weather Service briefly posted a Tornado Warning. The tornado was immediately accompanied by several funnel clouds, and an advisory issued stated that more funnel clouds were possible. A funnel cloud was seen to the south of the tornado in Gresham, Oregon. The storm was a rare event in the Pacific Northwest. Damage reports showed widespread downed power lines, malfunctioning traffic lights,

"2006 storms in Vancouver"
2006 storms in Vancouver The 2006 storms in Vancouver were a series of storms beginning with the remnants of Typhoon Cimaron November 5 and then followed by another on November 15 that caused landslides into Vancouver's three main reservoirs. This led to the water system becoming contaminated far beyond the legal safety limit and forced the city to implement a boil water advisory for all of the city's two-million residents for more than a week—the largest such advisory in Canadian history. The advisory affected the local food industry, forcing supermarkets and restaurants to stop selling produce which couldn't be safely

Vancouver
highs rarely reaching . The highest temperature ever recorded at the airport was set on July 30, 2009, and the highest temperature ever recorded within the city of Vancouver was occurring first on July 31, 1965, again on August 8, 1981, and finally on May 29, 1983. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was on January 14, 1950 and again on December 29, 1968. On average, snow falls on nine days per year, with three days receiving or more. Average yearly snowfall is but typically does not remain on the ground for long. Winters in Greater Vancouver are

and roofing that had been ripped off. The majority of the damage was light in nature. Vancouver Lake Crew's facilities on the east shore of Vancouver Lake were demolished in the storm. At least 126,000 customers had lost power because of the storm. 2008 Vancouver tornado The 2008 Vancouver tornado was a rare tornado that occurred in the city of Vancouver, Washington on January 10, 2008. The NWS rated this storm to be an EF-1 (wind speeds of 90-110 mph). The National Weather Service briefly posted a Tornado Warning. The tornado was immediately accompanied by several funnel clouds, and an

"1946 Vancouver Island earthquake"
1946 Vancouver Island earthquake The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake struck Vancouver Island on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada, on June 23 at 10:15 a.m. with a magnitude estimated at 7.0 and 7.5 . The main shock epicenter occurred in the Forbidden Plateau area northwest of Courtenay. While most of the large earthquakes in the Vancouver area occur at tectonic plate boundaries, the 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake was a crustal event. Shaking was felt from Portland, Oregon to Prince Rupert, British Columbia. This is one of the most damaging earthquakes in the history of British Columbia, but damage was restricted

reported that over 250,000 customers were without power. 2006 storms in Vancouver The 2006 storms in Vancouver were a series of storms beginning with the remnants of Typhoon Cimaron November 5 and then followed by another on November 15 that caused landslides into Vancouver's three main reservoirs. This led to the water system becoming contaminated far beyond the legal safety limit and forced the city to implement a boil water advisory for all of the city's two-million residents for more than a week—the largest such advisory in Canadian history. The advisory affected the local food industry, forcing supermarkets and restaurants

"2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake"
2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake The 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake occurred just after . The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (""Severe""). The earthquake's epicentre was on Moresby Island of the Haida Gwaii archipelago (formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands). This was the second largest Canadian earthquake ever recorded by a seismometer, after the 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, about away. Strong shaking was felt throughout Haida Gwaii where residents in Masset, Skidegate, Sandspit, and Queen Charlotte City were evacuated to higher ground. Minor shaking was felt in Prince Rupert and in

"Vancouver, Washington"
in the city for almost two weeks. Rainfall occurs frequently throughout the fall, winter, and spring, but ceases around the middle of June, with dry and warm weather lasting through September. Average annual precipitation is . Heavy snowfalls are infrequent and snow often falls and doesn't stick, with major snowstorms only occurring every 2–4 years. Close proximity to the river was also a concern for flooding, before dams constricted the river, destroying features such as Celilo Falls. Periodic floods have been a nuisance, with two of the most destructive in June 1894 and May 1948. The 1948 Memorial Day flood

Vancouver hosted a Fourth of July fireworks display on the grounds of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site that draws many people to the city. The display routinely ran to 45 minutes, attracted up to 60,000 visitors and was broadcast on area television, one of the largest west of the Mississippi River. Due to the death of key organizer ""Mister Fireworks"" Jim Larson and a poor economy, the show was not held in 2009. A shorter, redesigned show debuted in 2010 and brought in approximately 35,000 people. The annual event is now managed by the Fort Vancouver National Trust and features

"Daylight saving time in Canada"
synchronized with its observance in the United States to facilitate consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian jurisdictions followed suit to mimic the change. The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates: Most of British Columbia (BC) is on Pacific Time and observes DST. However, there are two main exceptions: While the rest of Nunavut observes DST, Southampton Island including Coral Harbour

Daylight saving time in Canada Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in all ten Canadian provinces and three territories. However, there are exceptions within several provinces and the territory of Nunavut, including most of Saskatchewan, which observes Central Standard Time year-round even though the province is in the Mountain Zone, effectively putting it on DST year-round. Under the Canadian Constitution, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial or territorial matter. In regions where daylight saving time is used, it commences on the second Sunday of March, and standard time restarts on the first Sunday in November. Daylight saving time

lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year. Port Arthur, Ontario, was the first municipality in the world to enact DST, on July 1, 1908. Five Canadian cities, by local ordinance, used daylight saving time before 1918: Brandon, Manitoba and Winnipeg, Manitoba (already in 1916) as well as Halifax, Nova Scotia, Hamilton, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec. St. John's, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador), which did not become part of Canada until 1949, also used DST before 1918. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely

"Time in Canada"
consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian provinces followed suit to mimic the change. The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates: Data for Canada from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself. Time in Canada Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sir

remain on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. The Kitikmeot Region including Cambridge Bay observes DST but is on Mountain Time. Eureka, Nunavut, a permanent research station on Ellesmere Island, also stays on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. Most of Ontario uses DST. Pickle Lake, Atikokan and New Osnaburgh, three communities located within the Central Time Zone in northwestern Ontario, observe Eastern Standard Time all year long. Most of Quebec observes DST. However, the eastern reaches of Quebec's North Shore, east of 63° west longitude, are in the Atlantic Time Zone, but do not observe DST (see exception, below).

in the world to use it. It was followed by Winnipeg on April 23, Halifax on April 30, and Hamilton, Ontario on June 4. Daylight saving time is currently observed in all ten provinces and three territories but with several exceptions in several provinces and Nunavut, including most of Saskatchewan, which despite geographically being in the Mountain Time Zone observes year-round CST. Under the Constitution of Canada, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial matter. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to promote

"Eastern Time Zone"
daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March and return at 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November. In Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. In Canada, the following provinces and territories are part of the Eastern Time Zone: All observe Daylight Saving Time in sync with the United States, with very localized exceptions. The boundary

Time in Canada Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sir Sandford Fleming, who pioneered the use of the 24-hour clock, the world's time zone system, and a standard prime meridian. Most of Canada operates on standard time from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March and daylight saving time the rest of the year. The National Research Council (NRC) maintains Canada's official time through the use of atomic clocks. The NRC makes time servers available for direct synchronization with computers. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has aired a

daily time signal, the ""National Research Council Time Signal"", since 5 November 1939. The Government of Canada recommends use of the 24-hour clock, which is widely used in contexts such as transportation schedules, parking meters, and data transmission. Speakers of Canadian French have fully adopted this system, but many users of Canadian English use the 12-hour clock in everyday speech, even when reading from a 24-hour display, similar to the use of the 24-hour clock in the United Kingdom. Four Canadian cities, by local ordinance, used Daylight Saving Time in 1916. Brandon, Manitoba on April 17 became the first place

The effect is that in summer their clocks match those of the rest of the province, while in November, their clocks are rejoined by their Atlantic Standard Time neighbours. Although places east of 63° west are officially on Atlantic Time, local custom is to use Eastern Time as far east as the Natashquan River. Those communities observe DST, including all of Anticosti Island, which is bisected by the 63rd meridian. The Magdalen Islands observe Atlantic Time including DST. Although the entire province is geographically within the MST (UTC-7) zone, the province is officially part of the Central time zone (UTC-6).

"De Beers"
fixing and trust behaviour, and was accused of not releasing industrial diamonds for the U.S. war effort during World War II. In 2011, Anglo American took control of De Beers after buying the Oppenheimer's family stake of 40 percent for US$5.1 billion (£3.2 billion) and increasing its stake to 85 percent, ending the 80-year Oppenheimer control of the company. In 2018, De Beers became the first diamond company to announce that it would track its diamonds using blockchain technology, though this technology has not yet been rolled out. The name 'De Beers' was derived from the two Dutch settlers and

"De Beers"
De Beers De Beers Group is an international corporation that specialises in diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors. The company is currently active in open-pit, large-scale alluvial, coastal and deep sea mining. It operates in 35 countries and mining takes place in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Canada. Until the start of the 21st century, De Beers effectively had total control over the diamond market as a monopoly. Competition has since dismantled the complete monopoly, though the De Beers Group still sells approximately 35% of the world's rough diamond production through its global

"De Beers"
awareness of blood diamonds that forced De Beers to ""avoid the risk of bad publicity"" by limiting sales to its own mined products. De Beers' market share of rough diamonds fell from as high as 90% in the 1980s to 33% in 2013, because of a more fragmented diamond market bringing greater competition, as well as more transparency and greater liquidity. In November 2011, the Oppenheimer family announced its intention to sell all its 40% stake in De Beers to Anglo American plc, thereby increasing Anglo American's ownership of the company to 85% (the other 15% is owned by the

"De Beers"
Anglo American plc and CHL Holdings announced their agreement for Anglo American to acquire an incremental interest in De Beers, increasing Anglo American's 45% shareholding in the world's leading diamond company to 85%. De Beers plc was originally incorporated as De Beers Société Anonyme in 2000 in Luxembourg. Following the closure of this office, the company was reclassified as De Beers plc in 2017, with its head office now in Jersey. It is made up of two shareholdings: Anglo American plc has an 85% shareholding and the Government of the Republic of Botswana owns 15% directly. De Beers plc is

"De Beers"
Beers also sells about 10% of its rough diamonds through online auction sales. The company pioneered the approach in 2008 when it broke with 44 years of direct sales to hold the diamond industry’s first online international auction sale. It is now the world's leader in this kind of auction sale. De Beers employs more than 30,000 people around the globe on five continents, with more than 17,000 employees in Africa. Almost 8,000 people are employed in Botswana, around 6,200 in South Africa, nearly 2,900 in Namibia, some 1,260 in Canada and about 320 in exploration. On 4 November 2011,

"De Beers"
diamonds takes place through two channels – De Beers Global Sightholder Sales (GSS) and De Beers Auction Sales. GSS sells about 90% of De Beers' rough diamonds, by value, and features wholly owned and joint venture operations in South Africa (De Beers Sightholder Sales South Africa), Botswana (DTCB), and Namibia (NDTC). They sort, value and sell 33% (2013) of the world's rough diamonds by value. There are two main types of customer for rough diamonds – Sightholders and Accredited Buyers. Sightholders have a term contract. Accredited Buyers (a customer type introduced in 2014–15) have a more ad hoc arrangement. De

"De Beers"
living in those lands for tens of thousands of years. Several international fashion models, including Iman, Lily Cole and Erin O'Connor, who were previously involved with advertising for the companies' diamonds, supported the campaign. De Beers sold its mine in Botswana to Gem Diamonds in 2007. In 2004, De Beers pled guilty and paid a US$10 million fine to the United States Department of Justice to settle a 1994 charge that De Beers had colluded with General Electric to fix the price of industrial diamonds. In 2008, De Beers agreed to pay US$295 million class-action settlement after accusations of price

"De Beers"
of diamonds is to make them scarce, that is to reduce production"". During World War I, the Premier mine was finally absorbed into De Beers. When Rhodes died in 1902, De Beers controlled 90% of the world's diamond production. Ernest Oppenheimer took over the chairmanship of the company in 1929, after buying shares and being appointed to the board in 1926. Oppenheimer was very concerned about the discovery of diamonds in 1908 in German South West Africa, fearing that the increased supply would swamp the market and force prices down. Former CIA chief Admiral Stansfield Turner claimed that De Beers

"De Beers"
the holding company of The De Beers Group of Companies. It is involved in many parts of the diamond value chain, from mining to sales, and is made up of a series of joint ventures and wholly owned operations. The joint ventures are: The wholly owned operations are in southern Africa and Canada. Also wholly owned are Forevermark, De Beers Jewellers, the International Institute of Diamond Valuation, De Beers Ventures, the International Institute of Diamond Grading & Research and Element Six (Umicore has a 40% stake in Element Six's abrasives division). Forevermark was launched in 2008 as one of the

"Ash Wednesday"
the head. Originally, the ashes were strewn over men's heads, but, probably because women had their heads covered in church, were placed on the foreheads of women. In the Catholic Church the manner of imposing ashes depends largely on local custom, since no fixed rule has been laid down. Although the account of Ælfric of Eynsham shows that in about the year 1000 the ashes were ""strewn"" on the head, the marking of the forehead is the method that now prevails in English-speaking countries and is the only one envisaged in the ""Occasional Offices"" of the Anglican Church of Papua

"Charles Studd"
was the origins of The Ashes. A poem he wrote, ""Only One Life, 'Twill Soon Be Past"", has become famous to many who are unaware of its author. Studd's wealthy father Edward Studd became a Christian during a Moody and Sankey campaign in England, and a visiting preacher to the Studd home at Tidworth converted C.T. and his two brothers to the faith while they were students at Eton. According to his conversion narrative, the preacher asked him if he believed God's promises to give believers eternal life, and as Charles would only go so far as to profess he

"The Ashes"
Darnley in 1921 about the timing of the presentation of the urn. He was interviewed in his home at Cobham Hall by Montague Grover and the report of this interview was as follows: He made a similar statement in 1926. The report of this statement in the Brisbane Courier was as follows: The contents of the urn are also problematic; they were variously reported to be the remains of a stump, bail or the outer casing of a ball, but in 1998 Darnley's 82-year-old daughter-in-law said they were the remains of her mother-in-law's veil, casting a further layer of doubt

"The Ashes urn"
The Ashes urn The Ashes urn is a small urn made of terracotta and standing 11 cm high, believed to contain the ashes of a burnt cricket bail. It was presented to Ivo Bligh, the captain of the England cricket team, as a personal gift after a friendly match hosted at Rupertswood mansion in Sunbury during the 1882–83 tour in Australia. After his death the urn was presented to the Marylebone Cricket Club, which has it on display at Lord's cricket ground in London. The urn has come to be strongly associated with 'The Ashes', the prize for which England

was not made until early 1883. Joy Munns has taken these problems into account and has concluded that there were two quite separate presentations of the same urn. It was presented firstly at Rupertswood at Christmas and was merely the perpetuation of a joke. The second and most documented event was at Easter (which was around 25 March 1883) at Rupertswood after all the formal matches had finished. On this occasion Joy Munns says the verse was pasted on the urn, it was placed in the red velvet bag and given to Bligh. Lady Clarke and Florence Morphy were both

ashes."" Christians continued the practice of using ashes as an external sign of repentance. Tertullian (c. 225) said that confession of sin should be accompanied by lying in sackcloth and ashes. The historian Eusebius (c. 260/265339/340) recounts how a repentant apostate covered himself with ashes when begging Pope Zephyrinus to readmit him to communion. John W. Fenton writes that ""by the end of the 10th century, it was customary in Western Europe (but not yet in Rome) for all the faithful to receive ashes on the first day of the Lenten fast. In 1091, this custom was then ordered by

pp 41–47. The Ashes urn The Ashes urn is a small urn made of terracotta and standing 11 cm high, believed to contain the ashes of a burnt cricket bail. It was presented to Ivo Bligh, the captain of the England cricket team, as a personal gift after a friendly match hosted at Rupertswood mansion in Sunbury during the 1882–83 tour in Australia. After his death the urn was presented to the Marylebone Cricket Club, which has it on display at Lord's cricket ground in London. The urn has come to be strongly associated with 'The Ashes', the prize for

by sprinkling ashes on the heads of all. This practice is found in the Gregorian Sacramentary of the late 8th century. About two centuries later, Ælfric of Eynsham, an Anglo-Saxon abbot, wrote of the rite of strewing ashes on heads at the start of Lent. The article on Ash Wednesday in the 1911 ""Encyclopædia Britannica"" says that, after the Protestant Reformation, the ashes ceremony was not forbidden in the Church of England, a statement that may explain the research by Blair Meeks that the Anglican tradition ""never lapsed in this observance"". It was even prescribed under King Henry VIII in

"Neolithic ashmounds"
Neolithic ashmounds Neolithic ashmounds (sometimes termed as cinder mounds) are man-made landscape features found in some parts of southern India (chiefly around Bellary) that have been dated to the Neolithic period (3000 to 1200 BC). They have been a puzzle for long and have been the subject of many conjectures and scientific studies. They are believed to be of ritual significance and produced by early pastoral and agricultural communities by the burning of dung and animal matter. More than a 100 ashmound sites have been identified and many have a low perimeter embankment and some have holes that may have

"Angela's Ashes"
Malachy McCourt and Angela Sheehan McCourt. Both of his parents emigrated from Ireland and married in a shotgun wedding over Angela's pregnancy with Frankie. Angela is originally from Limerick, Ireland, and is fond of music, singing, and dancing. Malachy, from Northern Ireland, is an alcoholic known for his ""odd manner"" and for telling fantastical stories about Irish heroes. Frankie is often said to closely resemble his father, having a hang-dog face and the same ""odd manner."" The narrative is told from the point of view of Frankie as a child. In America, the McCourts live in modern tenement housing next

"Thoracic diaphragm"
Thoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term ""diaphragm"" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm or pelvic diaphragm, but ""the diaphragm"" generally refers to the thoracic diaphragm. In

sacs can be clearly seen. They extend quite far caudally into the abdomen. Thoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term ""diaphragm"" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm

contained in each structure: The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves C3, C4 and C5. While the central portion of the diaphragm sends sensory afferents via the phrenic nerve, the peripheral portions of the diaphragm send sensory afferents via the intercostal (T5–T11) and subcostal nerves (T12). Arteries and veins above and below the diaphragm supply and drain blood. From above, the diaphragm receives blood from branches of the internal thoracic arteries, namely the pericardiophrenic artery and musculophrenic artery; from the superior phrenic arteries, which arise directly from the thoracic aorta; and

phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm originates from the cervical spinal cord (C3,4, and 5). As the septum transversum descends inferiorly, the phrenic nerve follows, accounting for its circuitous route from the upper cervical vertebrae, around the pericardium, finally to innervate the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration and functions in breathing. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves in the inferior direction, enlarging the volume of the thoracic cavity and reducing intra-thoracic pressure (the external intercostal muscles also participate in this enlargement), forcing the lungs to expand. In other words, the diaphragm's movement downwards creates a

"Diaphragm (optics)"
Diaphragm (optics) In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to ""stop"" the passage of light, except for the light passing through the ""aperture"". Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop, if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other uses of diaphragms in lenses). The diaphragm is placed in the light path of a lens or objective, and the size of the aperture regulates the amount of light that passes through

abdomen. The dome curves upwards. The superior surface of the dome forms the floor of the thoracic cavity, and the inferior surface the roof of the abdominal cavity. As a dome, the diaphragm has peripheral attachments to structures that make up the abdominal and chest walls. The muscle fibres from these attachments converge in a ""central tendon"", which forms the crest of the dome. Its peripheral part consists of muscular fibers that take origin from the circumference of the inferior thoracic aperture and converge to be inserted into a central tendon. The muscle fibres of the diaphragm emerge from many

the vault formed by the muscle, closer to the front than to the back of the thorax, so that the posterior muscular fibers are the longer. There are a number of openings in the diaphragm through which structures pass between the thorax and abdomen. There are three large openings—the aortic, the esophageal, and the caval opening—plus a series of smaller ones. The inferior vena cava passes through the caval opening, a quadrilateral opening at the junction of the right and middle leaflets of the central tendon, so that its margins are tendinous. Surrounded by tendons, the opening is stretched open

tendon) which works in conjunction with other muscles to allow the ribs to slide and the thoracic cavity to expand laterally and upwards. When the diaphragm relaxes, air is exhaled by elastic recoil process of the lung and the tissues lining the thoracic cavity. Assisting this function with muscular effort (called forced exhalation) involves the internal intercostal muscles used in conjunction with the abdominal muscles, which act as an antagonist paired with the diaphragm's contraction. The diaphragm is also involved in non-respiratory functions. It helps to expel vomit, feces, and urine from the body by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, aids in

humans, the diaphragm is slightly asymmetric—its right half is higher up (superior) to the left half, since the large liver rests beneath the right half of the diaphragm. There is also a theory that the diaphragm is lower on the other side due to the presence of the heart. Other mammals have diaphragms, and other vertebrates such as amphibians and reptiles have diaphragm-like structures, but important details of the anatomy vary, such as the position of the lungs in the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is a C-shaped structure of muscle and fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from the

a lower digestive tract, but the point at which it originates is a matter of definition. Structures in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds have been called diaphragms, but it has been argued that these structures are not homologous. For instance, the alligator diaphragmaticus muscle does not insert on the esophagus and does not affect pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. The lungs are located in the abdominal compartment of amphibians and reptiles, so that contraction of the diaphragm expels air from the lungs rather than drawing it into them. In birds and mammals, lungs are located above the diaphragm. The

"Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted from early 1947 to late 1948 by Drafting Committee the first United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Further discussion and amendments were made by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations. Members of the Commission who contributed significantly to the creation of the Declaration included Canadian John Peters Humphrey of the United Nations Secretariat, Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who chaired the Drafting Committee), René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon,

committee included René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, and P. C. Chang of the Republic of China. Humphrey provided the initial draft that became the working text of the Commission. According to Allan Carlson, the Declaration's pro-family phrases were the result of the Christian Democratic movement's influence on Cassin and Malik. Once the Committee finished its work in May 1948, the draft was further discussed by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council, the Third Committee of the General Assembly before being put to vote in December 1948. During these discussions many amendments and propositions

"Charter of the United Nations"
Charter of the United Nations The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization. The UN Charter articulated a commitment to uphold human rights of citizens and outlined a broad set of principles relating to achieving ‘higher standards of living’, addressing ‘economic, social, health, and related problems,’ and ‘universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.’ As a charter, it is a constituent treaty, and all members are bound by

P. C. Chang of Republic of China (Taiwan), and Hansa Mehta of India among others. While not a member of the drafting committee, the French philosopher Jacques Maritain was influential in the lead up to the drafting of the Universal Declaration, advocacy for it within UNESCO in 1947-8, and in its subsequent advancement. The Drafting Committee included John Peters Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat. In this role, he produced the first draft of a list of rights that were to form the basis of the Declaration. The underlying

other countries have also concluded that the Declaration is not in and of itself part of domestic law. The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was introduced in its second draft, which was prepared by René Cassin. Cassin worked from a first draft, which was prepared by John Peters Humphrey. The structure was influenced by the ""Code Napoléon"", including a preamble and introductory general principles. Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns, and a pediment. The Declaration consists of a preamble and thirty articles: These articles are concerned with the

were made by UN Member States. British representatives were extremely frustrated that the proposal had moral but no legal obligation. (It was not until 1976 that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights came into force, giving a legal status to most of the Declaration.) The Universal Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 on 10 December 1948. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained and Honduras and Yemen failed to vote or abstain. The meeting record provides firsthand insight into the debate. South Africa's position

"John Peters Humphrey"
John Peters Humphrey John Peters Humphrey, OC (April 30, 1905 – March 14, 1995) was a Canadian legal scholar, jurist, and human rights advocate. He is most famous as the author of the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humphrey was born to Frank Humphrey and Nellie Peter on April 30, 1905, in Hampton, New Brunswick. His childhood was touched by tragedy as he lost both his parents to cancer and he also lost one of his arms in an accident while playing with fire. Humphrey attended a boarding school where he endured teasing from other students;

by Nazi Germany became fully apparent after World War II, the consensus within the world community was that the United Nations Charter did not sufficiently define the rights to which it referred. A universal declaration that specified the rights of individuals was necessary to give effect to the Charter's provisions on human rights. In June 1946, the UN Economic and Social Council established the Commission on Human Rights, comprising 18 members from various nationalities and political backgrounds. The Commission, a standing body of the United Nations, was constituted to undertake the work of preparing what was initially conceived as an

"All Night Long (All Night)"
All Night Long (All Night) ""All Night Long (All Night)"" is a hit single by American singer-songwriter Lionel Richie from 1983. Taken from his second solo album, ""Can't Slow Down"", it combined Richie's soulful Commodores style with Caribbean influences. This new, more dance music, pop-inspired approach proved popular, as the single reached number one on three Billboard charts (pop, R&B and adult contemporary). Richard Marx contributed backing vocals as an unknown until his 1987 debut album appeared. In the UK, the song was kept off of the top spot by Billy Joel's ""Uptown Girl"", peaking at number two on the

"All Summer Long (album)"
All Summer Long (album) All Summer Long is the sixth studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on July 13, 1964. It rose to number 4 in the US during a 49-week chart stay, and was certified gold by the RIAA. Lead single ""I Get Around"" was issued in May and became the band's first number one hit in the US. The album also had a UK Top 10 debut with a number peak. It was the first LP the group recorded since the British Invasion, and the last where their music reveled in California beach culture

Beach Boys Session musicians and technical staff Weekly charts Singles Sources All Summer Long (album) All Summer Long is the sixth studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on July 13, 1964. It rose to number 4 in the US during a 49-week chart stay, and was certified gold by the RIAA. Lead single ""I Get Around"" was issued in May and became the band's first number one hit in the US. The album also had a UK Top 10 debut with a number peak. It was the first LP the group recorded since the British Invasion,

"Touch Me (All Night Long)"
Touch Me (All Night Long) ""Touch Me (All Night Long)"" is the title of a 1984 single by American singer Fonda Rae. It was a minor hit for her and the band Wish in 1984 and was featured in the film """". In the original, it is alternately spelled as ""Tuch Me (All Night Long)"". US 12"" single ""Touch Me"" was released in 2004 by electronic dance group Angel City, from their album, ""Love Me Right"". The band was formed by Zentveld & Oomen. ""Touch Me"" was the follow-up to the group's 2003 hit ""Love Me Right (Oh Sheila)"". It

"All Night Long (Joel Turner song)"
All Night Long (Joel Turner song) ""All Night Long"" is an independent hip-hop single by Australian artist Joel Turner. It was released on 24 February 2007 and received moderate airplay on television and radio, with influential music show ""Video Hits"" screening it only once. The song carries a party theme, with the rapping provided by Israel (an R&B singer and producer), Stan Bravo (an American-born rapper), and Turner’s cousin C4 (of the Modern Day Poets). The accompanying video shows the performers and several female dancers against a backdrop of special effects. The final shot has Turner baring a T-shirt emblazoned

Zealand earthquake appeal. The re-recorded version was produced by RedOne and was released to iTunes Stores in Australia and New Zealand on 18 and 16 March, respectively. It debuted on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number twelve on 21 March 2011 and on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number twenty-six on 28 March 2011. Parts of the song were used in ""I Like It"", a 2010 song composed by Enrique Iglesias, Pitbull, and RedOne with samplings from Lionel Richie as the 1983 classic is interpolated after the first and third choruses. The release was a big hit for

"All Night Long (Ami Suzuki song)"
All Night Long (Ami Suzuki song) ""All Night Long"" (stylized as ""all night long"") is a song recorded by Japanese singer Ami Suzuki for her debut studio album, ""SA"" (1999). It was written and produced by Japanese producer and songwriter Tetsuya Komuro. The track was released following Suzuki's two collaborative efforts with Komuro. ""All Night Long"" premiered on November 5, 1998 as the third single from the album. Musically, the track was described as a drum and bass and pop song. Upon its release, ""All Night Long"" garnered positive reviews from music critics and was praised for its composition and

Enrique Iglesias featuring Pitbull. The song was also included in Iglesias's album ""Euphoria"". In July 2016, it was sampled by the Tanzanian singer Diamond Platnumz in his song ""Kidogo"" that uses the ""party, karambo, fiesta, forever"" bit changing it to ""[she got me] dancing, party, fiesta, forever"". The single features additional vocals by the Nigerian duo P-Square. Original 1983 version 2011 version (featuring Guy Sebastian) All Night Long (All Night) ""All Night Long (All Night)"" is a hit single by American singer-songwriter Lionel Richie from 1983. Taken from his second solo album, ""Can't Slow Down"", it combined Richie's soulful Commodores

"All Night with Me"
All Night with Me ""All Night with Me"" is a song by the American pop singer Laura Branigan, released in 1982 as the lead single from her debut studio album ""Branigan"". It was written by Chris Montan and produced by Jack White. ""All Night with Me"" was released in the United States and Germany, and reached No. 69 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Branigan's debut single, ""All Night with Me"" preceded her US No. 2 hit ""Gloria"". In Germany, Branigan promoting the single by performing it on the TV music show ""Disco"". Upon release, ""Cash Box"" described the song

"All Summer Long (The Beach Boys song)"
All Summer Long (The Beach Boys song) ""All Summer Long"" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was released on their 1964 album ""All Summer Long"", and as a single in the UK in February 1965. According to AllMusic, ""All Summer Long"" contains beguiling teen fantasy lyrics; the narrative catalogs a series of happy events enjoyed by a guy and his girlfriend during the summer and punctuates them with the observation ""every now and then we hear our song/we been having fun all summer long."" The cheery sentiment

Basketball court Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the court is . Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring exactly . In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul

the ball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems. A regulation basketball court in international games is long and 49.2 feet (15 meters) wide. In the NBA and NCAA the court is . Most courts have wood flooring, usually constructed from maple planks running in the same direction as the longer court dimension. The name and logo of the home team is usually painted on or around the center circle. The basket is a

with a radius; this is used for jump ball instances, as is done at the center circle. Two 6-inch hash lines, 3 ft from the free throw lane line and 5 ft 8 in from the free throw line, show the lower defensive box linked to the restricted area. For FIBA tournaments, since October 2010 the key has been a rectangle 4.9 m wide and 5.8 m long. Previously it was a trapezoid 3.7 meters (12 ft) wide at the free-throw line and 6 meters (19 feet and 6.25 inches) at the end line. The key is primarily used to

changes took effect for major international competitions on October 1, 2010, after that year's World Championships for men and women, and became mandatory for other competitions on October 1, 2012 (although national federations could adopt the new markings before 2012). The changes were as follows. Basketball court Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the court is . Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring exactly . In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a

the basketball is also regulated. For men, the official ball is in circumference (size 7, or a ""295 ball"") and weighs 22 oz (623.69 grams). If women are playing, the official basketball size is in circumference (size 6, or a ""285 ball"") with a weight of 20 oz (567 grams). In 3x3, a formalized version of the halfcourt 3-on-3 game, a dedicated ball with the circumference of a size 6 ball but the weight of a size 7 ball is used in all competitions (men's, women's, and mixed teams). The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot,

"Basketball (ball)"
Basketball (ball) A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs typically range in size from very small promotional items only a few inches in diameter to extra large balls nearly a foot in diameter used in training exercises. For example, a youth basketball could be in circumference, while a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ball would be a maximum of and an NCAA women's ball would be a maximum of . The standard for a basketball in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is in circumference and for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), a maximum circumference

season. The NCAA restricted area arc was originally established for the 2011–12 men's and women's seasons at a radius from below the center of the basket, and was extended to match the 4-foot radius for the 2015–16 season and beyond. On NBA floors, two hash marks are drawn at the end lines near the key to mark the area known as the lower defensive box. A defensive player is allowed to draw a charging foul within the restricted arc if the offensive player receives the ball and/or starts his drive within this area. Also, two lines are drawn on each

(NCAA) moved back one foot to 20.75 feet at the start of the 2011–2012 season. The international distance, used in most countries outside the United States and in FIBA and WNBA competition, is currently 6.6 m (21.65 ft) to 6.75 m (22.15 ft). The perimeter is defined as the areas outside the free throw lane and inside the three-point line. Shots converted (successfully made) from this area are called ""perimeter shots"" or ""medium-range shots."" If a player's foot is on the three-point line, the shot is considered a perimeter shot. The low post is defined as the areas that are

halfcourt game of 3x3 combines characteristics of the size 6 and size 7 balls. Its circumference is that of a size 6 ball, but its weight is that of a size 7. In early December 1891, the chairman of the physical education department at the School for Christian Workers (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, instructed physical education teacher James Naismith, to invent a new game to entertain the school's athletes in the winter season. Naismith assembled his class of 18 young men, appointed captains of two nine-player teams, and set in motion the first ever basketball game, played with

of the sidelines, 28 feet from each of the endlines, which designates the extent of the coaching box and bench. This line marks the farthest extent a coach (aside from the sidelines) can stand. Directly behind this area is the team bench. On the half-court line of NBA floors two lines extend outside the playing court, designating the place where substitutes wait before they can enter the playing court; directly behind this area are the various off-court officials such as the timekeeper and reserve referee. On April 26, 2008, FIBA announced several major rules changes involving the court markings. These

the cold dry winds that blow over northern india in winter are called

"Climate of India"
North India, including the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Madhya Pradesh almost never receives snow. Temperatures in the plains occasionally fall below freezing, though never for more than one or two days. Winter highs in Delhi range from . Nighttime temperatures average . In the plains of Punjab, lows can fall below freezing, dropping to around in Amritsar. Frost sometimes occurs, but the hallmark of the season is the notorious fog, which frequently disrupts daily life; fog grows thick enough to hinder visibility and disrupt air travel 15–20 days annually. In Bihar in middle of the Ganges plain, hot weather sets in

also reflects these seasons in its arrangement of months. Once the monsoons subside, average temperatures gradually fall across India. As the Sun's vertical rays move south of the equator, most of the country experiences moderately cool weather. December and January are the coldest months, with the lowest temperatures occurring in the Indian Himalayas. Temperatures are higher in the east and south. In northwestern India region, virtually cloudless conditions prevail in October and November, resulting in wide diurnal temperature swings; as in much of the Deccan Plateau, they register at 16–20 °C (61–68 °F). However, from January to February, ""western disturbances""

a different monsoon cycle, the northeast (or ""retreating"") monsoon, brings dry, cool, and dense air masses to large parts of India.It is called autumn. Winds spill across the Himalayas and flow to the southwest across the country, resulting in clear, sunny skies. Though the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and other sources refers to this period as a fourth (""post-monsoon"") season, other sources designate only three seasons. Depending on location, this period lasts from October to November, after the southwest monsoon has peaked. Less and less precipitation falls, and vegetation begins to dry out. In most parts of India, this period

inclement weather almost every year between October and January. Summer in northwestern India starts from April and ends in July, and in the rest of the country from March to May. The temperatures in the north rise as the vertical rays of the Sun reach the Tropic of Cancer. The hottest month for the western and southern regions of the country is April; for most of North India, it is May. Temperatures of and higher have been recorded in parts of India during this season. Another striking feature of summer is the Loo (wind). These are strong, gusty, hot, dry

winds that blow during the day in India. Direct exposure to these winds may be fatal. In cooler regions of North India, immense pre-monsoon squall-line thunderstorms, known locally as ""Nor'westers"", commonly drop large hailstones. In Himachal Pradesh, Summer lasts from mid April till the end of June and most parts become very hot (except in alpine zone which experience mild summer) with the average temperature ranging from to . Winter lasts from late November till mid March. Snowfall is generally common in alpine tracts that are above , especially those in the higher- and trans-Himalayan regions. Near the coast the

indeed believed to play an important role in the formation of Central Asian deserts such as the Taklamakan and Gobi. The mountain ranges prevent western winter disturbances in Iran from travelling further east, resulting in much snow in Kashmir and rainfall for parts of Punjab and northern India. Despite the Himalayas being a barrier to the cold northerly winter winds, the Brahmaputra valley receives part of the frigid winds, thus lowering the temperature in Northeast India and Bangladesh. The Himalayas, which are often called ""The Roof of the World"", contain the greatest area of glaciers and permafrost outside of the

the Nilgiri Range, are exceptional; lows there can fall below freezing. This compares with a range of on the Malabar Coast; there, as is the case for other coastal areas, the Indian Ocean exerts a strong moderating influence on weather. The region averages per year, most of which falls between October and December. The topography of the Bay of Bengal and the staggered weather pattern prevalent during the season favours the northeast monsoon, which has a tendency to cause cyclones and hurricanes rather than steady precipitation. As a result, the coast is hit by what can mildly be termed as

summer rainfall occurs during powerful thunderstorms associated with the southwest summer monsoon; occasional tropical cyclones also contribute. Annual rainfall ranges from less than in the west to over in parts of the northeast. As most of this region is far from the ocean, the wide temperature swings more characteristic of a continental climate predominate; the swings are wider than in those in tropical wet regions, ranging from in north-central India to in the east. India's northernmost areas are subject to a montane, or alpine, climate. In the Himalayas, the rate at which an air mass's temperature falls per kilometre (3,281

temperatures, in some cases up to around ; it can cause fatal cases of sunstroke. Tornadoes may also occur, concentrated in a corridor stretching from northeastern India towards Pakistan. They are rare, however; only several dozen have been reported since 1835. The southwest summer monsoon, a four-month period when massive convective thunderstorms dominate India's weather, is Earth's most productive wet season. A product of southeast trade winds originating from a high-pressure mass centred over the southern Indian Ocean, the monsoonal torrents supply over 80% of India's annual rainfall. Attracted by a low-pressure region centred over South Asia, the mass spawns

India are subject to a humid subtropical climate. Though they experience hot summers, temperatures during the coldest months may fall as low as . Due to ample monsoon rains, India has only one subtype of this climate under the Köppen system: ""Cwa"". In most of this region, there is very little precipitation during the winter, owing to powerful anticyclonic and katabatic (downward-flowing) winds from Central Asia. Humid subtropical regions are subject to pronounced dry winters. Winter rainfall—and occasionally snowfall—is associated with large storm systems such as ""Nor'westers"" and ""Western disturbances""; the latter are steered by westerlies towards the Himalayas. Most

"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely"
Just Don't Want to Be Lonely ""Just Don't Want to Be Lonely"" is a song written by Bobby Eli, John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett, originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient. Dyson's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart, No. 30 Adult Contemporary, and No. 29 in the US R&B chart. Its flipside was ""Point of No Return,"" a song written by Tom Bell & Linda Creed. The Main Ingredient's version of the song released in 1974 on RCA Victor and reached No. 10 in the US, No. 8 in US

R&B and No. 42 in US AC. It reached number seven in Canada. The recording was arranged by Bert de Coteaux. It became a gold record. Just Don't Want to Be Lonely ""Just Don't Want to Be Lonely"" is a song written by Bobby Eli, John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett, originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient. Dyson's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart, No. 30 Adult Contemporary, and No. 29 in the US R&B chart. Its flipside was ""Point of No Return,"" a song written by Tom Bell &

"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely"
I Don't Wanna Be Lonely ""I Don't Wanna Be Lonely"" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was ""I Don't Wanna Be Lonely"", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of the hits released by PWL, the British

"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely"
Nobody Wants to Be Lonely ""Nobody Wants to Be Lonely"" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, ""Sound Loaded"", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled ""Sólo Quiero Amarte"" (""I Only Want to Love You""). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: ""The Best of Ricky Martin"", ""17"", """" and """" and the international version of Aguilera's greatest hits album, """". Two music videos were directed by Wayne Isham in Coral Gables, Florida

CD maxi-single UK cassette single UK CD maxi-single US promotional CD single US promotional 12"" single Nobody Wants to Be Lonely ""Nobody Wants to Be Lonely"" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, ""Sound Loaded"", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled ""Sólo Quiero Amarte"" (""I Only Want to Love You""). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: ""The Best of Ricky Martin"", ""17"", """" and """" and the international version of Aguilera's

"Only the Lonely"
Only the Lonely ""Only the Lonely (Know the Way I Feel)"" is a 1960 song written by Roy Orbison and Joe Melson. Orbison's recording of the song, produced by Fred Foster for Monument Records, was the first major hit for the singer. It was described by ""The New York Times"" as expressing ""a clenched, driven urgency"". Released as a 45 rpm single by Monument Records in May 1960, ""Only the Lonely"" went to No. 2 on the United States ""Billboard"" pop music charts on 25 July 1960 (blocked by Brenda Lee's ""I'm Sorry"") and No. 14 on the ""Billboard"" R&B

"Gary Stites"
Gary Stites Gary Stites (born July 23, 1940) is an American pop singer who enjoyed brief success in the late 1950s. Stites is best remembered for his top 40 hit, ""Lonely for You"", which bore a significant sonic resemblance to the Conway Twitty song ""It's Only Make Believe"". The tune peaked at No. 24 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in 1959, and a follow-up single, ""Starry Eyed"", peaked at No. 77 later that same year. It would hit the No. 1 spot in the UK for Michael Holliday. Stites released a full-length album on Carlton Records in 1960, but it

leading dance label in the late 1980s. I Don't Wanna Be Lonely ""I Don't Wanna Be Lonely"" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was ""I Don't Wanna Be Lonely"", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of

was his only LP. Gary Stites Gary Stites (born July 23, 1940) is an American pop singer who enjoyed brief success in the late 1950s. Stites is best remembered for his top 40 hit, ""Lonely for You"", which bore a significant sonic resemblance to the Conway Twitty song ""It's Only Make Believe"". The tune peaked at No. 24 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in 1959, and a follow-up single, ""Starry Eyed"", peaked at No. 77 later that same year. It would hit the No. 1 spot in the UK for Michael Holliday. Stites released a full-length album on Carlton Records

"Lonely (Akon song)"
Lonely (Akon song) ""Lonely"" (also known as ""Mr. Lonely"") is a song by Senegalese-American R&B and rapper Akon; it appears on his debut album, ""Trouble"". The single was released in 2005 and was his first worldwide hit. It reached number one in several countries, including in the United Kingdom and Germany (where it stayed there for eight weeks), and Australia. It was also highly popular in France where it reached number two, and in the United States when it peaked at #4. An edited version was on Radio Disney and on ""Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 8"". When Akon was signed

who has been chosen as the brand ambassador of the campaign 'beti bachao-beti padhao

"Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana"
issue of the declining child sex ratio image (CSR) and is a national initiative jointly run by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Human Resource Development. It initially focused multi-sector action in 100 districts throughout the country where there was a low CSR. On 26 August 2016, Olympics 2016 bronze medallist Sakshi Malik was made brand ambassador for BBBP. The hashtag #SelfieWithDaughter was promoted on social media in June 2015, which started when Sunil Jaglan the sarpanch of the village Bibipur, Jind in Haryana took a selfie with

"MS Dhoni"
ambassador of SEVEN. A biographical film based on the life of Dhoni, titled """", was released on 30 September 2016. Dhoni signed with Kolkata-based celebrity management company Gameplan Sports in April 2005. Currently Dhoni has 20 endorsements, only Shahrukh Khan has more (21). In 2007 Dhoni had 17 endorsements. In July 2010, he tied up with Rhiti Sports Management and Mindscapes and was promised a minimum guarantee of Rs 210 crore over the following three years. The following is the list of endorsements signed by Dhoni:- MS Dhoni Mahendra Singh Dhoni (; commonly known as MS Dhoni; born July 7,

"Prabal Gurung"
presidential election, and in an effort to continue to bring attention to women's rights, the brand launched a t-shirt campaign on the Fall 2017 runway. In support of the message, immediately following the show, bloggers Bryan Boy, Tina Craig (Bagsnob), Irene Kim, Aimee Song, Chriselle Lim, Caroline Vreeland and Shea Marie Petranovik wore the t-shirts in solidarity on the street during New York Fashion Week. Additional supporters of the t-shirt campaign include Gigi Hadid, Katy Perry, Nicole Richie, Henry Golding, Jessica Chastain, Leona Lewis, Mary Steenburgen, Chelsea Handler, Laverne Cox, and many more. A percentage of proceeds are donated to

"Genelia D'Souza"
in several movies, especially ""Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na"" (2008). She appeared alongside Shahid Kapoor on the fourth episode of ""Tere Mere Beach Mein"", a celebrity chat show, hosted by Farah Khan. The theme of the show was ""Second Innings"", since both D'Souza and Kapoor had the same history of failures initially and success later in their acting careers. In June 2010, D'Souza was crowned as the ""Brand Ambassador of the Year"" at the CNBC Awaaz consumer awards, for endorsing nine brands. She is now the brand ambassador of the soft drink Fanta (replacing Rani Mukherjee), the chocolate Perk (replacing

"Prajakta Koli"
greet at Mumbai, where 10,000 of her subscribers came. The music video was screened in the United Nations where she represented India among 60 other countries. In December, 2018 Prajakta did her first national TV commercial for WhatsApp which deals with prevention of propaganda and spreading fake news through the messaging app. The commercial has been well received with positive and encouraging comments across the board. She has recently been signed up as the face of H&M India’s online store.. She attended India's WebFest recently in 2018 On World Mental Health Day in 2016, Prajakta launched her campaign #iPledgeToBeMe which

"Rozlyn Khan"
Rozlyn Khan Rozlyn Khan (born 27, August 1988) is a Mumbai-based actress and PETA model. She is a Gladrags Model who rose to fame after her Bold picture shots. Khan is best known for her breast cancer awareness activities. Khan has appeared in television advertisements, most notably for Fruity drink, Monaco biscuits and Kelvinator. Khan appears in the film ""Dhama Choukdhi"". with Sanjay Mishra, Mukesh Tiwari and Dipraj Rana. On 27 July 2013, Khan announced that she will be the first Bollywood star with her own web-comic. The comic launched on 4 August on her website. Khan also took on

"Maju Trindade"
at the Christian conference ""# ASU2016"" by the singer Priscilla Alcantara who encouraged her to return to Christianity. Maju Trindade Maria Júlia Trindade Frias Devasio (born June 13, 1998), best known as Maju Trindade, is a Brazilian model, digital influencer and youtuber. She has participated in several campaigns for brands such as C&A, Hellman's, Ambev, Adidas and among other companies. Maju already has millions of followers on social networks. All this success made Maju Trindade write her first book ""Maju"" released in 2016. Maju was born in Catanduva, in the state of São Paulo. She became well known after her

"Diljit Dosanjh"
is associated with Coca-Cola. In August 2015, Coca-Cola Signed Diljit Dosanjh as Brand Endorser for Punjab, India. Flipkart, India's leading e-commerce company roped Diljit Dosanjh for its ""Flipkart Connect"" campaign for Punjab. Diljit was appointed the brand ambassador of Season 4 of the Star Sports Pro Kabbadi along with Rana Daggubati and Puneeth Rajkumar. He sang and performed the Pro Kabbadi League theme song ""Asli Panga"", produced by Yo Yo Honey Singh. Dosanjh started an NGO called ""Saanjh Foundation"" focusing on underprivileged children and seniors, contributing to orphanages and old age homes. It also endeavours youth empowerment with issues like

"Abhishek Bachchan"
division of TAM Media Research conducted a study on celebrity brand endorsements for the period of Jan–Dec 2010 in which Abhishek Bachchan eats the pie with a 4.7% share ad volume out of the 41.5% film actors on the endorsement circuit. Abhishek Bachchan became the brand ambassador for TTK Prestige, part of the TTK Group in October 2013 along with his wife Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. In 2014, he became the brand ambassador for the END7 campaign of the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases. The goal of the campaign is to eradicate seven different tropical diseases by 2020. In October

"Shweta Pandit"
grand IPL (Indian Premiere League) Opening Ceremony 2016 with America's Major Lazer, along with Katrina Kaif, Honey Singh, DJ Bravo, Fuse ODG, Ranveer Singh and Jacqueline Fernandez performing their No. 1 Hit ""Lean On"" to a live television audience of over a billion people across India. She featured in the Coca-cola (TVC) featuring Indian cricketer Gautam Gambhir and directed by director Dibakar Banerjee. Her other commercials include Greelam laminates, directed by National award-winning director Ram Madhvani, who praised her for her comic timing in the commercial. She acted in ""David"", directed by Bejoy Nambiar. her first acting role in 3

"Vikings (season 5)"
Vikings (season 5) The fifth season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on November 29, 2017 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The fifth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 28, 2018. The premise of the fifth season differs from the

10. Entertainent Weekly gave the episode an ""A"". In ""A Simple Story"", Aethelred is portrayed rejecting the throne in favour of his younger brother Alfred. In history, after the death of Aethelwulf three of Alfred's elder brothers ruled, for two, five and six years respectively, all dying before Alfred took the throne in 871. Writing in Forbes Magazine, Erik Kain described the storyline as ""just a huge unforced error"". Vikings (season 5) The fifth season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on November 29, 2017 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary

"Vikings (2013 TV series)"
one of Oleg's successors, Vladimir the Great, Prince of Novgorod. Katheryn Winnick, who portrays Lagertha in the show, will direct one of the Season 6 episodes. ""Vikings"" premiered on March 3, 2013, in Canada and the United States. ""Vikings"" was renewed for a fourth season in March 2015 with an extended order of 20 episodes, which premiered on February 18, 2016. On March 17, 2016, History renewed ""Vikings"" for a fifth season of 20 episodes, which premiered on November 29, 2017. On September 12, 2017, ahead of its fifth-season premiere, the series was renewed for a sixth season of 20

Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers. This season was produced by Keith Thompson for the first four episodes, and Liz Gill for the fifth to thirteenth episodes. Bill Goddard and Séamus McInerney act as co-producers. The production team for this season includes casting directors Frank and Nuala Moiselle, costume designer Susan O'Connor Cave, visual effects supervisor Dominic Remane, stunt action designer Richard Ryan, composer Trevor Morris, production designer Mark Geraghty, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth and tenth episodes, Tad Seaborn for the second,

fourth, sixth, eighth and thirteenth episodes, Michele Conroy for the seventh, ninth and eleventh episodes, and Dan Briceno for the twelfth episode, and cinematographers Pj Dillon for the first and second episodes, Peter Robertson for the third, fourth, and seventh to thirteenth episodes, and Suzie Lavelle for the fifth and sixth episodes. At the same time that the series was renewed for a fifth season, it was announced that Irish actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers would be joining the cast, as Heahmund, a ""warrior bishop"". Vikings creator Michael Hirst, explained: ""I was looking at the history books, and I came across

"Vikings (season 4)"
in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ""Vikings"" is an Irish-Canadian co-production presented by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The fourth season was developed and produced by Octagon Films for the first sixteen episodes, TM Productions for the last four episodes, and Take 5 Productions. Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers. This season was produced by Keith Thompson for the first eight and for the last four episodes, and Sanne Wohlenberg for the ninth

role of Aethelred in the fifth season. Nigerian actor Stanley Amuzie told local media he had landed a small role in the fifth season. The fifth season will also include Irish actor, musician and real-life police detective, Kieran O'Reilly, who will play the role of ""White Hair"". In April 2017 it was announced that Danish actor Erik Madsen will join the cast for the fifth season, as King Hemmig. He spent several months of 2016 on the set of ""The Last Kingdom"", portraying a Viking. The musical score for the fifth season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with

these warrior bishops. The antecedents of the Knights Templar: these are people who were absolutely religious, yet they put on armor and they fought. Don't let their priestly status fool you, either. They were crazy! They believed totally in Christianity and the message, and yet, on the battlefield, they were totally berserk."" Former WWE star Adam Copeland was cast in a recurring role for the fifth season, as Kjetill Flatnose, a violent and bold warrior. He is chosen by Floki to join an expedition to set up a colony in a new land. Irish actor Darren Cahill will play the

previous four after the departure of Travis Fimmel as Ragnar, and it now follows the adventures of his sons. Jonathan Rhys Meyers is introduced as a major character, after his initial appearance in the fourth season's finale. Main characters Sigurd, King Ecbert and Athelstan, who all died in previous seasons, briefly appear in ""The Departed"" played by body doubles. Additionally, George Blagden's archive voice as Athelstan is heard in ""Full Moon"", although the actor is uncredited. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> An Irish-Canadian co-production presented by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the fifth season of ""Vikings"" was developed and produced by TM Productions and Take 5 Productions.

"Lupin the Third Part 5"
by Yūichirō Yano, reprising his role from 2015's """". It was written by Ichirō Ōkouchi alongside Gō Zappa, Daisuke Sakō, Kazushige Nojima, Takahiro Okura, Yuniko Ayana, Keiichi Sigsawa and Shatner Nishida, and featured character designs by Hisao Yokobori. The series was announced at Japan Expo in Paris in 2017, and aired for 24 episodes from April 4, 2018 to September 18, 2018 on NTV, NTV+, KNB, STV, CTV, FBS, SDT, YTV, TSB, and NKT. It is also streamed by Hulu in Japan, and is simulcast by Crunchyroll in Japanese with English subtitles. It will be released on home video in

"Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812"
banquette and dining tables added. Scott Stangland took over the role of Pierre, Denée Benton starred as Natasha, Lilli Cooper as Hélène, Nicholas Belton as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky and the rest of the cast reprised their roles. The Broadway production at the Imperial Theatre began previews on October 18, 2016 and opened on November 14, 2016, starring Josh Groban as Pierre and Denée Benton as Natasha, both making their Broadway debuts, with choreography by Sam Pinkleton, sets by Mimi Lien, costumes by Paloma Young, lights by Bradley King, sound by Nicholas Pope and music direction by Or Matias. With sets similar

as an immersive production, with action happening around and among the audience. The set designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Gelsey Bell as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as

2013 at the Kazino and moved to the Theater District, with the final cast of the previous production: Choksi reprised the role of Dolokhov, Bell was replaced by Shaina Taub, and Pinto was replaced by Ashkon Davaran. On December 10, 2013, the two-disc cast recording was released. The show was extended and ran until March 2, 2014. The team behind the original production remounted the show at the American Repertory Theatre (A.R.T.) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with performances beginning December 1, 2015 to January 2016. Now expanded to a proscenium stage, the set put audience onstage, with unique seating options, with

and really don't care."" ""Time Out New York"" gave the piece five out of five stars, and also included it on both critics' Best of lists, stating ""this is theater like no other in New York. It grounds you and transports you at once, and leaves you beaming with pleasure.” Okieriete Onaodowan and Ingrid Michaelson assumed the roles of Pierre and Sonya respectively on July 11 through August 13; Onaodowan was originally supposed to begin performances on July 3. On July 26th, 2017, the website Broadway Black broke the news that TV and Broadway actor Mandy Patinkin was set to

Ecuador, and a remounting at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2015, the musical premiered on Broadway in November 2016 at the Imperial Theatre. The original Off-Broadway production of the show had Dave Malloy playing Pierre Bezukhov, the lead. Once the show was taken to Broadway, Josh Groban made his Broadway debut as he took over the role of Pierre. The musical received positive reviews, particularly for Phillipa Soo, Denée Benton, and Josh Groban's leading performances, as well as for the production's score, direction, and scenic design. The show was nominated for 12 awards—the highest number of nominations

in the 2016–2017 season—for the 2017 Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Original Score, Best Book of a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical for Benton, Best Actor in a Musical for Groban, Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Lucas Steele, and Best Direction of a Musical for Chavkin. It won two awards: Best Scenic Design for Mimi Lien and Best Lighting Design in a Musical for Bradley King. The story is set in Moscow, 1812, just before Napoleon's invasion of Russia and the burning of the city. The story begins by introducing the characters (""Prologue""), and then sets

associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway. In May 16, 2013, the show opened in the Meatpacking District at Kazino, a temporary structure designed as an opulent Russian club, where the immersive production was staged, again by the same creative team. The cast reprised their roles, except Choksi, now replaced by Ian Lassiter, and Workman, replaced by Grace McLean. David Abeles took over the role of Pierre on July 9, 2013. The show closed on September 1, 2013. The show opened for a 14-week limited engagement in September

to the A.R.T. remounting, the production took the proscenium stage, but removed almost 200 seats from the audience to accommodate the design. Again, the options of stage seats, in banquettes or dining tables is available. The Broadway production cost about $14 million to stage. The Broadway production played its final performance on September 3, 2017, having played 32 previews and 336 performances. A Japanese production, helmed by the entertainment company Toho, will open at the Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre in January 2019 with Nogizaka46's Erika Ikuta as Natasha and Yoshio Inoue as Pierre. Variety also reports that productions in London and

from the original cast recording, and two featuring Josh Groban and a 25 piece orchestra. Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 is a sung-through musical adaptation of a 70-page segment from Leo Tolstoy's ""War and Peace"" written by composer/lyricist Dave Malloy and directed by Rachel Chavkin. It is based on Volume 2, Part 5 of Tolstoy's novel, War and Peace, focusing on Natasha's affair with Anatole and Pierre's search for meaning in his life. After its original run at the Ars Nova in 2012, a staging in both the Meatpacking

show's orchestra. Groban plays the accordion briefly, and plays large sections of the score on the orchestra's piano. The libretto contains many passages taken word-for-word from Aylmer and Louise Maude's 1922 translation of Tolstoy's novel. Act I Act II ""Note:"" An aria for Natasha, ""Natasha Lost"", was cut from the Broadway production but is included on the original cast recording between number 8 (""Natasha & Anatole"") and number 9 (""The Duel""). In addition, ""Dust and Ashes"" was added for the Broadway production. The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova. Directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged

Europe
area in the world. 19 EU countries share the euro as a common currency. Five European countries rank in the top ten of the world's largest national economies in GDP (PPP). This includes (ranks according to the CIA): Germany (5), the UK (6), Russia (7), France (8), and Italy (10). There is huge disparity between many European countries in terms of their income. The richest in terms of GDP per capita is Monaco with its US$172,676 per capita (2009) and the poorest is Moldova with its GDP per capita of US$1,631 (2010). Monaco is the richest country in terms of

Europe
within Norway, although it is not autonomous. Not included are the three countries of the United Kingdom with devolved powers and the two Autonomous Regions of Portugal, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. Areas with little more than a unique tax status, such as Heligoland and the Canary Islands, are also not included for this reason. As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth and it is the richest region as measured by assets under management with over $32.7 trillion compared to North

"Geography of Europe"
Serbia, and Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. The other landlocked countries are ""standalone"" landlocked, not bordering any other such ""European"" one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia) ""Note"": Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (""comune"") is considered. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the

"Western Europe"
Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognized political goals in Western Europe today. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe. Western Europe is one of the richest regions of the world. Germany has the highest GDP in Europe and the largest financial surplus of any country, Luxembourg has the world's highest GDP per capita, and the United Kingdom has the highest Net National Wealth of any European state. Switzerland

Europe
America's $27.1 trillion in 2008. In 2009 Europe remained the wealthiest region. Its $37.1 trillion in assets under management represented one-third of the world's wealth. It was one of several regions where wealth surpassed its precrisis year-end peak. As with other continents, Europe has a large variation of wealth among its countries. The richer states tend to be in the West; some of the Central and Eastern European economies are still emerging from the collapse of the Soviet Union and the breakup of Yugoslavia. The European Union, a political entity composed of 28 European states, comprises the largest single economic

"Economy of Europe"
world). Europe's largest national economies with GDP (nominal) of more than $1 trillion are: Other large european economies are that of Turkey, Sweden, Poland, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway and Austria. European Union (about $20 trillion GDP) generates about 75-80 % of Europe's GDP. The EU as a whole is the wealthiest and largest economy in the world, topping the US by more than 2 trillion at the time of the financial crisis. In 2009 Europe remained the world's wealthiest region. Its $33 trillion in assets under management represented more than one-third of the world's wealth. Unlike North America ($29,3 trillion) it

"Central Europe"
members of the Eurozone include Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland use their currencies (Croatian kuna, Czech koruna, Hungarian forint, Polish złoty), but are obliged to adopt the Euro. Switzerland uses its own currency, Swiss franc. Countries in descending order of Human Development Index (2014 data): The index of globalization in Central European countries (2015 data): Legatum Prosperity Index demonstrates an average and high level of prosperity in Central Europe (2016 data): Most countries in Central Europe score tend to score above the average in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2015 data): According to

It includes countries of varied sizes, ranging from tiny Liechtenstein to Germany, the largest European country by population (that is entirely placed in Europe). Demographic figures for countries entirely located within notion of Central Europe (""the core countries"") number around 165 million people, out of which around 83 million are residents of Germany. Other populations include: Poland with around 38.5 million residents, Czech Republic at 10.5 million, Hungary at 10 million, Austria with 8.9 million, Switzerland with its 8.5 million inhabitants, Slovakia at 5.4 million, Croatia with its 4.3 million residents, Slovenia at 2 million (2014 estimate) and Liechtenstein at

Brussels-Capital Region. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the eastern bulk of this continuous landmass and all share a common continental shelf. Europe's eastern frontier is delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. The

"Wood thrush"
migrates to southern Mexico through to Panama in Central America in the winter, mostly in the lowlands along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. It generally arrives on the U.S. Gulf Coast during the first week of April. Fall migration usually begins in mid-August and continues through mid-September. Migration takes place at night, allowing them to find their direction from the stars and orient themselves by detecting the Earth's magnetic field. The wood thrush prefers deciduous and mixed forests for breeding. It prefers late-successional, upland mesic forests with a moderately-dense shrub layer. Robert I. Bertin (1977) found that this thrush favors

"Common wood-nymph"
(""Cercyonis meadii"") has a bright red-orange area on the ventral forewing. The common wood-nymph ranges from Nova Scotia and Quebec west to northern British Columbia south to northern California southeast to Texas and east to northern Florida. The common wood-nymph is found in a variety of open habitats, such as open woodlands, woodland edges, fields, pastures, wet meadows, prairies, salt marshes, and savannas. The common wood-nymph is found from mid-May to early October in the eastern part of its range. It is found from late June to early July in California and Arizona. It has one brood per year throughout

silent circular flights from the ground, with the male chasing. Six or more flights generally take place in succession. The pairs will perch together and feed each other in between flights. The male begins to sing at dawn and dusk a few days after arriving at breeding grounds. Early in the breeding season, the male sings from high perches in the tallest trees, but as the season progresses, it sings somewhat shorter and less elaborate songs from lower perches. Each day's singing begins and is most intense just before sunrise. The male may sing throughout the day but especially at

dusk. The song season is usually over by the end of July. Typically, the female chooses the nest site and builds the nest. However, there has been some indication that the male is able to influence the selection of the nest site by perching nearby and singing. Usually, though, the female chooses whether or not to accept or reject the nest site suggested by the male. The nest is usually sited in a dense patch of vegetation in a tree or shrub that provides concealment and shade. It is usually made of dead grasses, stems, and leaves, and lined with

fecal sacs from the nest. The chicks fledge 12–15 days after hatching, but the parents continue to feed them until they become independent and leave the parents' territory at 21–31 days old. The young wood thrush is able to begin breeding the next summer. Most females lay their first eggs in mid-May, but older females may begin laying sooner. Pairs usually attempt to rear a second brood no later than late July, with the last of the young fledging around mid-August. About half of all wood thrush pairs successfully raise two broods. Wood thrush The wood thrush (""Hylocichla mustelina"") is

great horned owls, and sharp-shinned hawks. Adults are primarily taken by hawks and owls. Wood thrushes are monogamous. Breeding pairs form in mid-April to early-May, and usually last throughout the breeding season. Most thrushes find a new mate each year, and mate guarding and extra-pair copulations have not been observed in this species. Some male wood thrushes arrive at the breeding grounds several days before the earliest females while other males arrive at the same time as the females, establishing territories ranging in size from 0.08 to 0.8 hectares (one-fifth of an acre to two acres). The female typically leads

"Common wood pigeon"
a simple stick nest which hatch after 17 to 19 days. Wood pigeons seem to have a preference for trees near roadways and rivers. Males exhibit aggressive behaviour towards each other during the breeding season by jumping and flapping wings at each other. Their plumage becomes much darker, especially the head, during hot summer periods. The nests are vulnerable to attack, particularly by crows, because they live in the countryside, the more so early in the year when the leaf cover is not fully formed. The young usually fly at 33 to 34 days; however, if the nest is disturbed,

Each individual bird has its own repertoire based on combinations of variations of the three parts. Songs are often repeated in order. The ""bup, bup, bup"" phrase is also sometimes used as a call, which is louder and at a greater frequency when the bird is agitated. The wood thrush also use a ""tut, tut"" to signal agitation. The nocturnal flight call is an emphatic buzzing ""heeh."" The wood thrush's breeding range extends from Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia in southern Canada to northern Florida and from the Atlantic coast to the Missouri River and the eastern Great Plains. It

preferentially on soil invertebrates and larvae, but will also eat fruits. In the summer, it feeds on insects continuously in order to meet daily metabolic needs. It is solitary, but sometimes forms mixed-species flocks. The wood thrush defends a territory that ranges in size from . The wood thrush is monogamous, and its breeding season begins in the spring; about 50% of all mated pairs are able to raise two broods, ranging in size from two to four chicks. The only member of the genus ""Hylocichla"", the wood thrush was described by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1789. The

thrush's decline. Continued destruction of primary forest in Central America eliminated preferred wood thrush wintering habitats, likely forcing the birds to choose secondary habitats where mortality rates are higher. In spite of this, the wood thrush is considered to be near threatened. The wood thrush has been recorded twice as a vagrant in Europe, in Iceland at Kvísker in Öræfi East Skaftafellssýsla by Björnsson Hálfdán on 23 October 1967 and on Wingletang Down, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, England on 7 October 1987. The wood thrush is primarily solitary, but occasionally forms mixed-species flocks in the winter. Its breeding territory

what is the title of the person who runs the house of representatives

was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. Edmund Randolph's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress: the lower house would be ""of the people"", elected directly by the people of the United States and representing public opinion, and a more deliberative upper house, elected by the lower house, that would represent the individual states, and would be less susceptible to variations of mass sentiment. The House is referred to as the lower house, with the Senate being the upper house, although the United States Constitution does not use that terminology. Both houses' approval is necessary

Aaron Burr. In 1824, it elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson and William H. Crawford. (If no vice-presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the Senate elects the Vice President from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes.) United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives

(with the Congress based on those districts starting its term on the following Jan. 3). In most states, major party candidates for each district are nominated in partisan primary elections, typically held in spring to late summer. In some states, the Republican and Democratic parties choose their respective candidates for each district in their political conventions in spring or early summer, which often use unanimous voice votes to reflect either confidence in the incumbent or the result of bargaining in earlier private discussions. Exceptions can result in so-called floor fight—convention votes by delegates, with outcomes that can be hard to

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The

1911. The powers of the Speaker included chairmanship of the influential Rules Committee and the ability to appoint members of other House committees. These powers, however, were curtailed in the ""Revolution of 1910"" because of the efforts of Democrats and dissatisfied Republicans who opposed Cannon's arguably heavy-handed tactics. The Democratic Party dominated the House of Representatives during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945), often winning over two-thirds of the seats. Both Democrats and Republicans were in power at various times during the next decade. The Democratic Party maintained control of the House from 1955 until 1995. In the

a presidential candidate fails to get a majority of the Electoral College votes. The Senate and House are further differentiated by term lengths and the number of districts represented: the Senate has longer terms of six years, fewer members (currently one hundred, two for each state), and (in all but seven delegations) larger constituencies per member. The Senate is informally referred to as the ""upper"" house, and the House of Representatives as the ""lower"" house. , the annual salary of each Representative is $174,000. The Speaker of the House and the Majority and Minority Leaders earn more: $223,500 for the

during the war. The years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Union's victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877; the ensuing era, known as the Gilded Age, was marked by sharp political divisions in the electorate. The Democratic Party and Republican Party each held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw a dramatic increase in the power of the Speaker of the House. The rise of the Speaker's influence began

"False Claims Act"
False Claims Act The False Claims Act, also called the ""Lincoln Law"" is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies (typically federal contractors) who defraud governmental programs. It is the federal Government's primary litigation tool in combating fraud against the Government. The law includes a ""qui tam"" provision that allows people who are not affiliated with the government, called ""relators"" under the law, to file actions on behalf of the government (informally called ""whistleblowing"" especially when the relator is employed by the organization accused in the suit). Persons filing under the Act stand to receive a

both appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court denied ""certiorari"" for both cases, however, declining to resolve the divergent appeals court decisions. In 2009, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Government Accountability Project (GAP) and OMB Watch filed suit against the Department of Justice challenging the constitutionality of the ""seal provisions"" of the FCA that require the whistleblower and the court to keep lawsuits confidential for at least 60 days. The plaintiffs argued that the requirements infringe the First Amendment rights of the public and the whistleblower, and that they violate the division of powers, since courts are not

the commercial name under which CareFusion produced the drug chlorhexidine, used to clean the skin before surgery. In 2017, this case was called into question and was under review by the DOJ because the lead attorney for the DOJ serving as Assistant Attorney General in the case, Jeffery Wertkin, was arrested by the FBI on January 31, 2017 for allegedly attempting to sell a copy of a complaint in a secret whistleblower suit that was under seal. False Claims Act The False Claims Act, also called the ""Lincoln Law"" is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and

was challenged by a relator in the case of ""Alderson v. United States"" and, in 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the IRS' stance. As of 2013, this remained the only circuit court decision on tax treatment of these payments. In a 2000 case, ""Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. United States ex rel. Stevens"", 529 U.S. 765 (2000), the United States Supreme Court held that a private individual may not bring suit in federal court on behalf of the United States against a State (or state agency) under the FCA. In ""Stevens"", the Supreme

himself"") In a ""qui tam"" action, the citizen filing suit is called a ""relator"". As an exception to the general legal rule of standing, courts have held that ""qui tam"" relators are ""partially assigned"" a portion of the government's legal injury, thereby allowing relators to proceed with their suits. U.S. Senator Jacob M. Howard, who sponsored the legislation, justified giving rewards to whistle blowers, many of whom had engaged in unethical activities themselves. He said, ""I have based the [""qui tam"" provision] upon the old-fashioned idea of holding out a temptation, and ‘setting a rogue to catch a rogue,’ which

the Court's decision and made the types of fraud to which the False Claims Act applies more explicit. In a 2009 case, ""United States ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of New York"", the United States Supreme Court considered whether, when the government declines to intervene or otherwise actively participate in a ""qui tam"" action under the False Claims Act, the United States is a ""party"" to the suit for purposes of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(1)(A) (which requires that a notice of appeal in a federal civil action generally be filed within 30 days after entry of a judgment

of Justice: There is case law where claims may be prejudiced if disclosure of the alleged unlawful act has been reported in the press, if complaints were filed to an agency instead of filing a lawsuit, or if the person filing a claim under the act is not the first person to do so. Individual states in the U.S. have different laws regarding whistleblowing involving state governments. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) takes the position that, for Federal income tax purposes, ""qui tam"" payments to a relator under FCA are ordinary income and not capital gains. The IRS position

or order from which the appeal is taken). The Court held that when the United States has declined to intervene in a privately initiated FCA action, it is not a ""party"" for FRAP 4 purposes, and therefore, petitioner's appeal filed after 30 days was untimely. In a 2016 case, ""Universal Health Services, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Escobar"",the United States Supreme Court sought to clarify the standard for materiality under the FCA. The court unanimously upheld the implied certification theory of FCA liability and strengthened the FCA’s materiality requirement. As of 2014, thirty states and the District of Columbia

"False statement"
biologist. In some jurisdictions, false statement is a crime similar to perjury. In U.S. law, a ""false statement"" generally refers to United States federal false statements statute, contained in . Most commonly, prosecutors use this statute to reach cover-up crimes such as perjury, false declarations, and obstruction of justice and government fraud cases. Its earliest progenitor was the False Claims Act of 1863, and in 1934 the requirement of an intent to defraud was eliminated to enforce the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) against producers of ""hot oil"", oil produced in violation of production restrictions established pursuant to

Court also endorsed the ""partial assignment"" approach to ""qui tam"" relator standing to sue, which had previously been articulated by the Ninth Circuit Federal Court of Appeals and is an exception to the general legal rule for standing. In a 2007 case, ""Rockwell International Corp. v. United States"", the United States Supreme Court considered several issues relating to the ""original source"" exception to the FCA's public-disclosure bar. The Court held that (1) the original source requirement of the FCA provision setting for the original-source exception to the public-disclosure bar on federal-court jurisdiction is jurisdictional; (2) the statutory phrase ""information on

"González–Alvarez House"
González–Alvarez House The González–Alvarez House, also known as The Oldest House, is a historic house museum at 14 St. Francis Street in St. Augustine, Florida. With a construction history dating to about 1723, it is believed to be the oldest surviving house in St. Augustine. It is also an important example of the St. Augustine's Spanish colonial architectural style, with later modifications by English owners. It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1970. The house is now owned by the St. Augustine Historical Society and is open for public tours as part of the Oldest House Museum Complex.

"Adam Thoroughgood House"
Save America's Treasures program. The City matched that amount as required. This restoration took longer and cost more than expected, but the house reopened in May 2011. Adam Thoroughgood (1604–1640), an indentured servant who arrived in Virginia in 1622, became a community leader, a member of the House of Burgesses at Jamestown, and was granted a headright of in 1635. [""citation needed""] Adam Thoroughgood was from King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, and the naming of many local features can be traced back to his childhood home, including the Lynnhaven River, the City of Norfolk, and Norfolk County and the City of

"Oldest Wooden Schoolhouse"
to gather statues of educators from every country in the Americas, though only a few countries participated. Oldest Wooden Schoolhouse The Oldest Wooden School House is a wooden structure located at 14 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida near the city gate. It is touted as being the oldest wooden school building in the United States. The exact date of construction is unknown, but it first appears on tax records in 1716. There are no extant wooden buildings in St. Augustine built prior to 1702 when the British burned the city. The oldest schoolhouse still standing in the United

"Oldest House Museum"
dates back to the early 1700s. The house has been open to visitors since 1893. The United States Department of the Interior designated the house a National Historic Landmark in 1970. Oldest House Museum ""For the Oldest House Museum in Key West, Florida see Old Island Restoration Foundation"" The Oldest House Museum is located in St. Augustine, Florida in St. Johns County, Florida. It is operated by the St. Augustine Historical Society and includes the González-Alvarez House, the Manucy Museum (named for Albert Manucy) of local history and the Edwards Gallery. The Oldest House, from which the museum derives its

"Old Man House"
Old Man House Old Man House was the largest ""bighouse"" (a type of longhouse) in what is now the U.S. state of Washington, and once stood on the shore of Puget Sound. Lying at the center of the Suquamish winter village on Agate Pass, just south of the present-day town of Suquamish, it was home to Chief Sealth (Chief Seattle) and Chief Kitsap. The name of the site in Lushootseed was D'Suq'Wub (dkʼʷsuqʼʷabš), meaning ""clear salt water,"" and is the source of the name of the Suquamish people. The name ""Old Man House"" comes from the Chinook Jargon word ""oleman""

"Whitfield family of the United States"
Whitfield family of the United States The Whitfield family was a prominent slave-owning American political family of the Southern states, and of the Northern United States having established https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Whitfield_House the Henry Whitfield House in 1639 in the town of Guilford, Connecticut. Historically, it is Connecticut's oldest house. The house, with its massive stone walls, also served as a fort to protect the community Henry Whitfield, for whom the house was built, was a Puritan minister who had come from England to flee religious persecution The house was remodeled in 1868 and opened to the public in 1899 as the first

"Isaac Winslow House"
smallpox. Largely because of his actions, his property was not confiscated after the Revolution. Another notable occupant was the manservant Britton Hammon, who after voyaging at sea, being captured by Indians off the coast of Florida, and his subsequent escape and reconciliation with former master John Winslow, wrote his life story, becoming among the first African-Americans to have published his work in the New World. The house remained in the Winslow family until 1822, and was later owned by Daniel Webster. It was restored and opened to the public in 1920. The house was added to the National Register of

"Joshua Hempsted House"
Hempsteads had prepared a large family reunion meal, which was appropriated by the raiding British forces. It was used as a safe house as part of the Underground Railroad. It remained in the Hempstead family until 1937, when it was acquired by the organization now known as Connecticut Landmarks. Joshua Hempsted House The Joshua Hempsted House is a historic house museum at 11 Hempstead Street in New London, Connecticut. Built about 1678 and altered several times during the 18th century, it is one of the state's oldest surviving buildings, and provides a virtual catalog of early construction methods due to

"Jeremiah Lee Mansion"
The facade may be based on Plate 11 of Robert Morris' influential patternbook ""Rural Architecture"" (London 1750; retitled ""Select Architecture"" in later eds.). It was one of the largest and most opulent houses of the late-colonial period in America. The mansion is now owned by the Marblehead Museum and Historical Society. It contains a notable collection of early American furniture, and many of the mansion's original decorative finishes have been preserved, including rare 18th-century English hand-painted wallpaper, intricate carving in the rococo style, and a grand entry hall and staircase paneled with mahogany. On either side of its landing are

"Land Rover Defender"
carried over from the Series III, mechanically the 90 and 110 were modernised, including: The 110 was launched in 1983, and the 90 followed in 1984. From 1984, wind-up windows were fitted (Series models and very early 110s had sliding panels), and a , diesel engine was introduced. This was based on the earlier engine, but had a more modern fuel-injection system as well as increased capacity. A low compression version of the V8 Range Rover engine improved performance. It was initially available in the 110 with a Range Rover LT95 four-speed transmission with integral transfer case and vacuum operated

Land Rover Defender The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, with the number plate H166 HUE, rolled off the production line. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. The next-generation model, codenamed L663, will be completely redesigned and

and better suited to operation in urban areas and for air-lifting than the Humvee. (""See"" U.S. Army Ranger Special Operations Vehicle.) The British Army has used Land Rovers since the 1950s, as have many countries in the Commonwealth of Nations. The British Army replaced its Series III fleet with One Tens in 1985, with a smaller fleet of Nineties following in 1986. Both used the 2.5-litre naturally aspirated diesel engine. These older vehicles are reaching the end of their service lives, with many being sold onto the civilian market from the late 1990s. In 1994 Land Rover created the Defender

a soft-top ""90"" rolled off the Solihull production line at 9:22 on Friday 29 January 2016. The BBC reports that the Defender's replacement is due to be launched in 2018/2019. In 1993 Land Rover launched the Defender in the North American (i.e. the United States and Canada) market. Although the Range Rover had been sold there since 1987, this was the first time utility Land Rovers had been sold since 1974. To comply with the strict United States Department of Transportation regulations, ranging from crash safety to lighting, as well as the very different requirements of American buyers, the North

come in two wheelbase sizes. The coil sprung Land Rover was introduced in 1983 as ""Land Rover One Ten"", and in 1984 the ""Land Rover Ninety"" was added – the numbers representing the respective wheelbases in inches. (In fact the Ninety was nearer 93 inches at 92.9"".) The number was spelled in full in advertising and in handbooks and manuals, and the vehicles also carried badges above the radiator grille which read ""Land Rover 90"" or ""Land Rover 110"", with the number rendered numerically. The Ninety and One Ten replaced the earlier Land Rover Series, and at the time of

of the 4BD1 110 model for competitive trials against vehicles supplied by Chrysler JEEP, Mercedes and Toyota conducted by the Australian Army Testing Establishment. Land Rover was the successful candidate and the Australian Army ordered several thousand 110 Land Rovers in various configurations made to this specification, called the Land Rover Perentie, some of which were 6x6 drive. Six wheel drive Perenties were fitted with a turbocharged 3.9L Isuzu diesel engine (4BD1-T), while the 4x4 versions were powered by the naturally aspirated variant (4BD1). The Australian Army vehicles were assembled at the Jaguar Rover Australia (JRA) facility at Moorebank, NSW,

the same engine line-up as the Series III vehicles it replaced, namely petrol and diesel engines, and a V8 petrol unit, although a small number of V8s were produced. In 1981 the 2.25 l engines were upgraded from three- to five-crankshaft bearings in preparation for the planned increases in capacity and power. The five bearing version was known as the 2.3 litre to differentiate it despite having the same displacement. The 2.5-litre version of the diesel engine, displacing and producing , was introduced in both the 110 and the newly arrived 90. This was a long-stroke version of the venerable

the wheelbase. The Land Rover 90, with wheelbase, and Land Rover 127, with wheelbase, soon followed. Superficially there is little to distinguish the post-1983 vehicles from the Series III Land Rover. A full-length bonnet, revised grille, plus the fitting of wheel arch extensions to cover wider-track axles are the most noticeable changes. Initially the conservative engineering department insisted that the Land Rover was also available with a part-time 4WD system familiar to derivatives produced since 1949. However the part-time system failed to sell and was quickly dropped from the options list by 1984. While the engine and other body panels

"Land Rover"
are currently assembled in England, India, China, and other markets. The design for the original vehicle was started in 1947 by Maurice Wilks. It was simply called Land Rover (the terms ""Series"" and ""Defender"" are retroactive and only introduced in the 1990s). Wilks, chief designer at the Rover Company, on his farm in Newborough, Anglesey, working in conjunction with his brother Spencer who was the managing director of Rover. The design may have been influenced by the Jeep and the prototype, later nicknamed Centre Steer, was built on a Jeep chassis and axles. The early choice of colour was dictated

is then stripped of the original body and fitted with upgraded suspension, brakes, and drive train. The bonnet, wings and roof are produced from armoured composite materials whilst the body is manufactured from a range of armoured steel and composite materials by OVIK Crossway OVIK Special Vehicles Division and is known as the ""Pangolin"". In 2004 a fleet of 12 long wheelbase 110 Td5 Land Rovers were produced for the federal German government, varying between 110 vans, 110 HCPUs and 110 4x4s. The German government did not renew the supply contract after 2006, instead turning to Mercedes for their logistics

"Freshwater inflow"
the estuarine system. Average [salinity] for freshwater is around 0.5 parts per thousand (ppt) whereas average salinity of the ocean is 35 ppt. The salinity will not be consistent throughout a particular estuary and will be differ from one estuary to the next but its level will range from 0.5 ppt to 35 ppt. In estuaries, primary producers take up nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Freshwater inflows carry estuaries, replenishing the stock for phytoplankton use. Sediments settling out and form banks, offshore peninsulas, and barrier islands that protect the estuary from strong tidal action and currents. The sediment also

supports beaches and provision the inter-tidal wetlands. Organic material delivered to estuaries by freshwater inflows the primary energy source for organisms living in the estuary. Estuarine ecosystems need freshwater inflow to maintain their productivity, or to continue to produce biomass. Estuarine ecosystems are fundamentally important and necessary to protect through the management of freshwater inflow because of the many ecosystem services they produce. An ecosystem service is something provided by nature that is of value to humans. Estuarine ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet. Estuaries house such species as the blue crab, red fish, flounder, spotted

Sea
corals (only six of which contribute to reef formation). Marine primary producers — plants and microscopic organisms in the plankton — are widespread and very essential for the ecosystem. It has been estimated that half of the world's oxygen is produced by phytoplankton. About 45 percent of the sea's primary production of living material is contributed by diatoms. Much larger algae, commonly known as seaweeds, are important locally; ""Sargassum"" forms floating drifts, while kelp form seabed forests. Flowering plants in the form of seagrasses grow in ""meadows"" in sandy shallows, mangroves line the coast in tropical and subtropical regions and

Estuary
Estuary An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments. They are subject both to marine influences—such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water—and to riverine influences—such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The mixing of sea water and fresh water provide high levels of nutrients both in the water column and in sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world.

variability and storms. Mixing is affected by the amount of estuarine system. The tides and the volume of the receiving estuary govern the volume of seawater. Tides are defined as the periodic rise and fall of the surface of the sea along the coast that are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and of the sun. Although estuaries are influenced by the tides, they are often somewhat protected from storms and tidal action by buffers further offshore including barrier islands and peninsulas. The low-salinity conditions of the marine water are created when freshwater mixes with the saltwater of

Sea
higher than that of the surface layer and it remains there for much longer periods of time. Thermohaline circulation exchanges carbon between these two layers. Carbon enters the ocean as atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the surface layers and is converted into carbonic acid, carbonate, and bicarbonate: It can also enter through rivers as dissolved organic carbon and is converted by photosynthetic organisms into organic carbon. This can either be exchanged throughout the food chain or precipitated into the deeper, more carbon rich layers as dead soft tissue or in shells and bones as calcium carbonate. It circulates in this

Estuary
life are the variability in salinity and sedimentation. Many species of fish and invertebrates have various methods to control or conform to the shifts in salt concentrations and are termed osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Many animals also burrow to avoid predation and to live in the more stable sedimental environment. However, large numbers of bacteria are found within the sediment which have a very high oxygen demand. This reduces the levels of oxygen within the sediment often resulting in partially anoxic conditions, which can be further exacerbated by limited water flux. Phytoplankton are key primary producers in estuaries. They move with

Seawater
and higher temperatures, because it severely affects coral reefs and crustaceans (see coral bleaching). Accidentally consuming small quantities of clean seawater is not harmful, especially if the seawater is taken along with a larger quantity of fresh water. However, drinking seawater to maintain hydration is counterproductive; more water must be excreted to eliminate the salt (via urine) than the amount of water obtained from the seawater itself. The renal system actively regulates sodium chloride in the blood within a very narrow range around 9 g/L (0.9% by weight). In most open waters concentrations vary somewhat around typical values of about

seatrout, and many others for some point of the species’ life cycle. Marine habitats, such as those found in estuarine ecosystems, are valued at providing an estimated US14$ trillion worth of ecosystem goods and services annually, or 43% of the global total. Some economically important estuarine habitats include tidal flats, salt marshes, sea grass beds, oyster reefs, and mangroves. This is why estuaries are important to protect and conserve. Global changes caused largely by anthropogenic influences, or human impacts, are altering the amount of freshwater inflows to estuaries. Humans are diverting water from rivers and streams, decreasing the amount of

"Estuarine water circulation"
Estuarine water circulation Estuarine water circulation is controlled by the inflow of rivers, the tides, rainfall and evaporation, the wind, and other oceanic events such as an upwelling, an eddy, and storms. Estuarine water circulation patterns are influenced by vertical mixing and stratification, and can affect residence time and exposure time. The ""residence time"" of water is a key variable determining the health of an estuary, particularly from human-induced stresses. Rapid flushing ensures that there is insufficient time for sediment accumulation or dissolved oxygen depletion in the estuary; thus a well flushed estuary is intrinsically more robust than a poorly

"Michigan Stadium"
Michigan Stadium Michigan Stadium, nicknamed ""The Big House"", is the football stadium for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the largest stadium in the United States, the second largest stadium in the world and the 34th largest sports venue. Its official capacity is 107,601, but it has hosted crowds in excess of 115,000. Michigan Stadium was built in 1927 at a cost of $950,000 (equivalent to $ in ) and had an original capacity of 72,000. Prior to the stadium's construction, the Wolverines played football at Ferry Field. Every home game since November 8, 1975 has

Manchester United 4-1. Michigan Stadium Michigan Stadium, nicknamed ""The Big House"", is the football stadium for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the largest stadium in the United States, the second largest stadium in the world and the 34th largest sports venue. Its official capacity is 107,601, but it has hosted crowds in excess of 115,000. Michigan Stadium was built in 1927 at a cost of $950,000 (equivalent to $ in ) and had an original capacity of 72,000. Prior to the stadium's construction, the Wolverines played football at Ferry Field. Every home game since November

"Gillette Stadium"
seating capacity is 65,878, including 5,876 club seats and 89 luxury suites. The stadium is owned and operated by Kraft Sports Group, a subsidiary of The Kraft Group, the company through which businessman Robert Kraft owns the Patriots and Revolution. The stadium was originally known as CMGI Field before the naming rights were bought by Gillette after the ""dot-com"" bust. Although Gillette was acquired by Procter & Gamble in 2005, the stadium retains the Gillette name because P&G has continued to use the Gillette brand name and because the Gillette company was founded in the Boston area. Gillette and the

"Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium"
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (commonly known as RFK Stadium, originally District of Columbia Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Washington, D.C. It is located about due east of the US Capitol building, near the west bank of the Anacostia River and adjacent to the D.C. Armory. It opened in 1961. RFK Stadium was home to a National Football League (NFL) team, two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, five professional soccer teams, two college football teams, a bowl game and a USFL team. It has hosted five NFC Championship games, two MLB All-Star Games, men's

97. Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (commonly known as RFK Stadium, originally District of Columbia Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Washington, D.C. It is located about due east of the US Capitol building, near the west bank of the Anacostia River and adjacent to the D.C. Armory. It opened in 1961. RFK Stadium was home to a National Football League (NFL) team, two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, five professional soccer teams, two college football teams, a bowl game and a USFL team. It has hosted five NFC Championship games, two MLB All-Star Games,

"Bank of America Stadium"
Bank of America Stadium Bank of America Stadium is a 75,523-seat football stadium located on in uptown Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is the home facility and headquarters of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. The stadium opened in 1996 as Ericsson Stadium before Bank of America purchased the naming rights in 2004. Former Panthers president Danny Morrison called it ""[A] classic American stadium"" due to its bowl design and other features. In addition to the Panthers, the stadium hosts the annual Belk Bowl, which features teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and the Southeastern Conference

"NRG Stadium"
NRG Stadium NRG Stadium (pronounced as N-R-G Stadium), formerly Reliant Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Houston, Texas, United States. It was constructed at the cost of $352 million and has a seating capacity of 71,995. It was the first NFL facility to have a retractable roof. The stadium is the home of the National Football League's Houston Texans, the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, the Texas Bowl, many of the United States men's national soccer team's matches, and other events. The stadium served as the host facility for Super Bowls XXXVIII (2004) and LI (2017), and WrestleMania XXV (2009).

the regulatory requirements for soccer, Bank of America Stadium has been host to several soccer matches. Bank of America Stadium Bank of America Stadium is a 75,523-seat football stadium located on in uptown Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is the home facility and headquarters of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. The stadium opened in 1996 as Ericsson Stadium before Bank of America purchased the naming rights in 2004. Former Panthers president Danny Morrison called it ""[A] classic American stadium"" due to its bowl design and other features. In addition to the Panthers, the stadium hosts the

"Ford Field"
Ford Field Ford Field is a multi-purpose domed stadium located in Downtown Detroit. It primarily serves as the home of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), as well as the annual Quick Lane Bowl college football bowl game, state championship football games for the MHSAA, and, as of 2018, the MHSAA State Wrestling Championships. The regular seating capacity is approximately 65,000, though it is expandable up to 70,000 for football and 80,000 for basketball. The naming rights were purchased by the Ford Motor Company at $40 million over 20 years; the Ford family holds a controlling interest

"Legion Field"
Legion Field Legion Field is an outdoor stadium in the southeastern United States in Birmingham, Alabama, primarily designed to be used as a venue for American football, but occasionally used for other large outdoor events. Opened in 1927, it is named in honor of the American Legion, a U.S. organization of military veterans. Since the removal of the upper deck in 2004, Legion Field has a seating capacity of approximately 71,594. At its peak, it seated 83,091 for football and had the name ""Football Capital of the South"" emblazoned from the facade on its upper deck. Legion Field is colloquially

"Rick Grimes"
was not worth it, later, while looking at the balloons that Glenn and Enid had released in the sky as a sign that they were still alive, Rick and all the residents of the community witnessed how the watchtower that was outside Alexandria collapsed on the walls and allowed the entry of the horde of walkers. In the mid-season finale, ""Start to Finish"", the herd breaches Alexandria's walls and Rick takes shelter with Carl, Michonne, Gabriel, Deanna, Jessie, and her sons Ron and Sam in Jessie's house. Deanna is revealed to have been bitten and asks Rick to look out

decapitates his hostage, Hershel, calling Rick a liar for proposing they can live together in the community. The Governor's men drive a tank through the fences, destroying Rick's home and causing a battle between the two sides. The Governor tries to strangle a badly wounded Rick to death, but Michonne stabs him through the chest. Rick discovers Judith's empty cradle and believes that she has been killed by walkers; heartbroken, he escapes with Carl. After reuniting with Michonne in the episode ""Claimed"", Rick escapes from a dangerous group called the Claimers, before travelling towards Terminus, a supposed sanctuary, in ""Us""

resulting in a death of one of their own. Lori Grimes, Rick's wife, shamefully admits to Rick that she is pregnant (presumably with Shane's baby), but Rick plans to care for it. Carl Grimes, Rick's son, is accidentally shot in the back by a man named Otis, who escorts Rick and another survivor, Tyreese, a recently joined member of Rick's group to the farm of Hershel Greene and his family. The group stays there for a brief amount of time before Rick is held at gunpoint by Hershel and forced to move out. While on the road again, two other

wrong when Denise is killed in the episode ""Twice as Far"". Rick makes preparations for an attack from the Saviors in the episode ""East"", but in the season finale ""Last Day on Earth"" when Maggie has complications in her pregnancy, leads a team to seek Dr. Carson's aid at Hilltop. The group is herded into a trap by the Saviors, and Rick watches helplessly as Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) kills two (unseen) members of the group. In the season premiere, ""The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"", it is revealed that Negan's two victims were Abraham and Glenn. Negan

would-be traitors to abandon the safety of the group. In the season premiere, ""Seed"", eight months have passed and Rick and Lori's relationship has deteriorated. The group finds an overrun prison facility and decide to settle there. When exploring the building's interior, they encounter some prisoners, who try to assassinate Rick and then unleash walkers into the facility, causing Lori's death. Rick falls into a downward spiral and begins hallucinating, imagining a series of phone calls and seeing visions of Lori in the prison courtyard. He comes into conflict with The Governor (David Morrissey), the leader of a small town

she and Shane had been together after she believed he died. In the mid-season finale, ""Pretty Much Dead Already"", the group discovers that Hershel has kept walkers in the barn, including his family, believing that he can save them. Despite Rick's refusal, Shane opens the barn and kills the walkers inside, until one is revealed to be Sophia. Left with no other choice, Rick shoots Sophia dead. In the mid-season premiere, ""Nebraska"", Rick is forced to kill two men in a bar to protect the group, but takes one of their group members, Randall Culver (Michael Zegen), as a prisoner

of one of the decapitated victims, did not. He starts training the people of the joined communities to fight against walkers as well as the Whisperers. In the series premiere, ""Days Gone Bye"", before the outbreak, Rick and his best friend, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal), respond to escaped convicts fleeing from other police officers. Rick is shot and wounded during a gun battle with the band of escaped convicts, and left in a coma for months while the zombie apocalypse began. After awakening alone in the hospital, he walks through a local neighborhood but is mistaken for a walker and

Each failed attempt to light the RV sends Rick into a state of increasing panic, before he hears the pack's moans as they emerge from the forest beside him. The plan goes awry at several points and Rick returns to Alexandria pursued by half of the herd in the episode ""Now"". Deanna realizes she is no longer fit to lead the community, and officially makes him leader of Alexandria, n the same night, Rick shared with Jessie her fears about the daunting scenario but she encouraged him by talking about the possibility of a better future, and then the two

the group escapes the doomed facility. In the second-season premiere, ""What Lies Ahead"", Carl is accidentally shot during the group's search for Sophia Peletier (Madison Lintz), Carol's (Melissa McBride) daughter, who was chased away by walkers during the group's escape from Atlanta. In the episode ""Bloodletting"", the shooter, Otis, takes them to an isolated farm occupied by Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson), a veterinarian who works to save Carl's life by using a transfusion of Rick's blood. Carl recovers with Shane's help in the episode ""Cherokee Rose"". In the episode ""Secrets"", Lori tells Rick that she is pregnant and reveals that

for the exchange. In the mid-season finale, ""Coda"", leading officer Dawn Lerner (Christine Woods) demands Noah back as her ward after Beth's departure, fuelling Beth to try to kill her but she is reflexively shot in the head. Dawn is immediately killed by Daryl and a stand-off is defused by Officer Shepherd. In the mid-season premiere, ""What Happened and What's Going On"", Rick's group travels to Virginia where Noah's community is and eventually strive for Washington despite the cure being outed as false, in hopes of finding a safe haven, but suffer one more loss with Tyreese. In the episode

Aeneas
journey to come. However, the messenger god Mercury was sent by Jupiter and Venus to remind Aeneas of his journey and his purpose, compelling him to leave secretly. When Dido learned of this, she uttered a curse that would forever pit Carthage against Rome, an enmity that would culminate in the Punic Wars. She then committed suicide by stabbing herself with the same sword she gave Aeneas when they first met. After the sojourn in Carthage, the Trojans returned to Sicily where Aeneas organized funeral games to honor his father, who had died a year before. The company traveled on

Aeneas
Aeneas and his fleet made landfall at Carthage after six years of wanderings. Aeneas had a year-long affair with the Carthaginian queen Dido (also known as Elissa), who proposed that the Trojans settle in her land and that she and Aeneas reign jointly over their peoples. A marriage of sorts was arranged between Dido and Aeneas at the instigation of Juno, who was told that her favorite city would eventually be defeated by the Trojans' descendants. Aeneas's mother Venus (the Roman adaptation of Aphrodite) realized that her son and his company needed a temporary respite to reinforce themselves for the

Virgil
the ""Aeneid"". After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 BC. Augustus ordered Virgil's literary executors, Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to disregard Virgil's own wish that the poem be burned, instead ordering it published with as few editorial changes as possible. As a result, the text of the ""Aeneid"" that exists may contain faults which Virgil was planning to correct before publication. However, the only obvious imperfections are

Cicero
from committing suicide. But what is there to live for? Don't blame me for complaining. My afflictions surpass any you ever heard of earlier"". After the intervention of recently elected tribune Titus Annius Milo, the senate voted in favor of recalling Cicero from exile. Clodius cast the single vote against the decree. Cicero returned to Italy on 5 August 57 BC, landing at Brundisium. He was greeted by a cheering crowd, and, to his delight, his beloved daughter Tullia. In his ""Oratio De Domo Sua Ad Pontices"", Cicero convinced the College of Pontiffs to rule that the consecration of his

Aeneid
Aeneid The Aeneid (; ) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter. The first six of the poem's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas's wanderings from Troy to Italy, and the poem's second half tells of the Trojans' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins, under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed. The hero Aeneas was already known to Greco-Roman

"Lucius Verus"
three days' fasting and a bloodletting. It was probably only a mild stroke. Verus continued eastward via Corinth and Athens, accompanied by musicians and singers as if in a royal progress. At Athens he stayed with Herodes Atticus, and joined the Eleusinian Mysteries. During sacrifice, a falling star was observed in the sky, shooting west to east. He stopped in Ephesus, where he is attested at the estate of the local aristocrat Publius Vedius Antoninus, and made an unexpected stopover at Erythrae. The journey continued by ship through the Aegean and the southern coasts of Asia Minor, lingering in the

Aeneas
and landed on the western coast of Italy. Aeneas descended into the underworld where he met Dido (who turned away from him to return to her husband) and his father, who showed him the future of his descendants and thus the history of Rome. Latinus, king of the Latins, welcomed Aeneas's army of exiled Trojans and let them reorganize their lives in Latium. His daughter Lavinia had been promised to Turnus, king of the Rutuli, but Latinus received a prophecy that Lavinia would be betrothed to one from another land — namely, Aeneas. Latinus heeded the prophecy, and Turnus consequently

Aeneas
and became progenitors of Romans. The Aeneads included Aeneas's trumpeter Misenus, his father Anchises, his friends Achates, Sergestus, and Acmon, the healer Iapyx, the helmsman Palinurus, and his son Ascanius (also known as Iulus, Julus, or Ascanius Julius). He carried with him the Lares and Penates, the statues of the household gods of Troy, and transplanted them to Italy. Several attempts to find a new home failed; one such stop was on Sicily, where in Drepanum, on the island's western coast, his father, Anchises, died peacefully. After a brief but fierce storm sent up against the group at Juno's request,

"Returns from Troy"
there he set sail through the pass of the Sirens, whose sweet singing lure sailors to their doom. He had stopped up the ears of my crew with wax, and Odysseus alone listened while tied to the mast. Next was the pass of Scylla and Charybdis where he lost part of his ship's crew. The rest landed in the isle Thrinacia, sacred to Helios (the Sun) where he kept sacred cattle. Though Odysseus warned his men not to (as Tiresias had told him), they killed and ate some of the cattle after Zeus placed Odysseus in his sleep to test

Aeneid
of all her sea nymphs, as a wife). Aeolus does not accept the bribe, but agrees to carry out Juno's orders (line 77, ""My task is / To fulfill your commands""); the storm then devastates the fleet. Neptune takes notice: although he himself is no friend of the Trojans, he is infuriated by Juno's intrusion into his domain, and stills the winds and calms the waters, after making sure that the winds would not bother the Trojans again, lest they be punished more harshly than they were this time. The fleet takes shelter on the coast of Africa, where Aeneas

"Vapor pressure"
called partial pressure. For example, air at sea level, and saturated with water vapor at 20 °C, has partial pressures of about 2.3 kPa of water, 78 kPa of nitrogen, 21 kPa of oxygen and 0.9 kPa of argon, totaling 102.2 kPa, making the basis for standard atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is measured in the standard units of pressure. The International System of Units (SI) recognizes pressure as a derived unit with the dimension of force per area and designates the pascal (Pa) as its standard unit. One pascal is one newton per square meter (N·m or kg·m·s). Experimental measurement

solid, such as a crystal, this can be defined as the pressure when the rate of sublimation of a solid matches the rate of deposition of its vapor phase. For most solids this pressure is very low, but some notable exceptions are naphthalene, dry ice (the vapor pressure of dry ice is 5.73 MPa (831 psi, 56.5 atm) at 20 °C, which causes most sealed containers to rupture), and ice. All solid materials have a vapor pressure. However, due to their often extremely low values, measurement can be rather difficult. Typical techniques include the use of thermogravimetry and gas transpiration.

pressures of liquids at ambient temperatures increase with decreasing boiling points. This is illustrated in the vapor pressure chart (see right) that shows graphs of the vapor pressures versus temperatures for a variety of liquids. At the normal boiling point of a liquid, the vapor pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure defined as 1 atmosphere (760 Torr or 101.325 kPa or 14.69595 PSI). For example, at any given temperature, methyl chloride has the highest vapor pressure of any of the liquids in the chart. It also has the lowest normal boiling point (−24.2 °C), which is where the

"Armstrong limit"
on his tongue beginning to boil."" At the nominal body temperature of 37 °C (98.6 °F), water has a vapour pressure of ; which is to say, at an ambient pressure of , the boiling point of water is 37 °C (98.6 °F). A pressure of 6.3 kPa—the Armstrong limit—is about 1/16 of the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure of . Modern formulas for calculating the standard pressure at a given altitude vary—as do the precise pressures one will actually measure at a given altitude on a given day—but a common formula shows that 6.3 kPa is typically found at an

(Δ""H"" > 0) and the difference grows with increased distance from the melting point. Like all liquids, water boils when its vapor pressure reaches its surrounding pressure. In nature, the atmospheric pressure is lower at higher elevations and water boils at a lower temperature. The boiling temperature of water for atmospheric pressures can be approximated by the Antoine equation: or transformed into this temperature-explicit form: where the temperature formula_32 is the boiling point in degrees Celsius and the pressure formula_33 is in Torr. Dühring's rule states that a linear relationship exists between the temperatures at which two solutions exert the

"Atmospheric pressure"
has a correspondingly high typical atmospheric pressure of 1065hPa. The lowest non-tornadic atmospheric pressure ever measured was 870 hPa (0.858 atm; 25.69 inHg), set on 12 October 1979, during Typhoon Tip in the western Pacific Ocean. The measurement was based on an instrumental observation made from a reconnaissance aircraft. One atmosphere (101.325 kPa or 14.7 psi) is also the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fresh water of approximately 10.3 m (33.8 ft). Thus, a diver 10.3 m underwater experiences a pressure of about 2 atmospheres (1 atm of air plus 1 atm of water). Conversely, 10.3

"Water vapor"
and pressure (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) is 1.27 g/L and water vapor at standard temperature has a vapor pressure of 0.6 kPa and the much lower density of 4.85 mg/L. Water vapor and dry air density calculations at 0 °C: At the same temperature, a column of dry air will be denser or heavier than a column of air containing any water vapor, the molar mass of diatomic nitrogen and diatomic oxygen both being greater than the molar mass of water. Thus, any volume of dry air will sink if placed in a larger volume of moist air. Also, a

m is the maximum height to which water can be raised using suction under standard atmospheric conditions. Low pressures such as natural gas lines are sometimes specified in inches of water, typically written as ""w.c."" (water column) gauge or ""w.g."" (inches water gauge). A typical gas-using residential appliance in the US is rated for a maximum of 14 w.g., which is approximately 1048.37hPa. Similar metric units with a wide variety of names and notation based on millimetres, centimetres or metres are now less commonly used. Pure water boils at at earth's standard atmospheric pressure. The boiling point is the temperature

"Boiling point"
phase. Saturation pressure and saturation temperature have a direct relationship: as saturation pressure is increased, so is saturation temperature. If the temperature in a system remains constant (an ""isothermal"" system), vapor at saturation pressure and temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase as the system pressure is increased. Similarly, a liquid at saturation pressure and temperature will tend to flash into its vapor phase as system pressure is decreased. There are two conventions regarding the ""standard boiling point of water"": The ""normal boiling point"" is at a pressure of 1 atm (i.e., 101.325 kPa). The IUPAC recommended ""standard

"Stock market"
bonds and other elements of the market. There have been a number of famous stock market crashes like the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the stock market crash of 1973–4, the Black Monday of 1987, the Dot-com bubble of 2000, and the Stock Market Crash of 2008. One of the most famous stock market crashes started October 24, 1929, on Black Thursday. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 50% during this stock market crash. It was the beginning of the Great Depression. Another famous crash took place on October 19, 1987 – Black Monday. The crash began in Hong Kong

"Stock market crash"
its kind in human history."" By March 6, 2009 the DJIA had dropped 54% to 6,469 (before beginning to recover) from its peak of 14,164 on October 9, 2007, over a span of 17 months. One mitigation strategy has been the introduction of trading curbs, also known as ""circuit breakers"", which are a trading halt in the cash market and the corresponding trading halt in the derivative markets triggered by the halt in the cash market, all of which are affected based on substantial movements in a broad market indicator. Since their inception, circuit breakers have been modified to prevent

12.2% the following day. In the month of October, all major world markets declined substantially. The least affected was Austria (a fall of 11.4%) while the most affected was Hong Kong with a drop of 45.8%. Out of 23 major industrial countries, 19 had a decline greater than 20%. Despite fears of a repeat of the 1930s Depression, the market rallied immediately after the crash, posting a record one-day gain of 102.27 the very next day and 186.64 points on Thursday October 22. It took only two years for the Dow to recover completely; by September 1989, the market had

"Black Monday (1987)"
Black Monday (1987) In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already sustained significant declines. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%). In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as ""Black Tuesday"" because of the time zone difference. The terms ""Black Monday"" and ""Black Tuesday"" are also respectively applied to October 28 and October 29, 1929, which occurred after Black Thursday

a pathological condition where the bid price for a stock exceeded the ask price. These ""locked"" conditions severely curtailed trading. On October 19, trading in Microsoft shares on the NASDAQ lasted a total of 54 minutes. The Crash was the greatest single-day loss that Wall Street had ever suffered in continuous trading up to that point. Between the start of trading on October 14 to the close on October 19, the DJIA lost 760 points, a decline of over 31 percent. The 1987 Crash was a worldwide phenomenon. The FTSE 100 Index lost 10.8% on that Monday and a further

for the 19 largest markets in the world averaged 296 percent during this period. The average number of shares traded on the NYSE(New York Stock Exchange) had risen from 65 million shares to 181 million shares. The crash on October 19, 1987, a date that is also known as Black Monday, was the climactic culmination of a market decline that had begun five days before on October 14. The DJIA fell 3.81 percent on October 14, followed by another 4.60 percent drop on Friday, October 16. On Black Monday, the Dow Jones Industrials Average plummeted 508 points, losing 22.6% of

crash in 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted 22.6 percent—the largest-ever one-day fall in the United States. This event demonstrated that share prices can fall dramatically even though no generally agreed upon definite cause has been found: a thorough search failed to detect ""any"" 'reasonable' development that might have accounted for the crash. (Note that such events are predicted to occur strictly by chance, although very rarely.) It seems also to be the case more generally that many price movements (beyond that which are predicted to occur 'randomly') are ""not"" occasioned by new information; a study of the

triggered whenever a large pre-defined market decline occurs during the trading day. On September 16, 2008, failures of massive financial institutions in the United States, due primarily to exposure to packaged subprime loans and credit default swaps issued to insure these loans and their issuers, rapidly devolved into a global crisis. This resulted in a number of bank failures in Europe and sharp reductions in the value of stocks and commodities worldwide. The failure of banks in Iceland resulted in a devaluation of the Icelandic króna and threatened the government with bankruptcy. Iceland obtained an emergency loan from the International

"Black Monday (2011)"
Black Monday (2011) In finance and investing, Black Monday 2011 refers to August 8, 2011, when US and global stock markets crashed following the Friday night credit rating downgrade by Standard and Poor's of the United States sovereign debt from AAA, or ""risk free"", to AA+. It was the first time in history the United States was downgraded. Moody's issued a report during morning trading which said their AAA rating of U.S. credit was in jeopardy, this after issuing a negative outlook in the previous week. By market close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 634.76 points (-5.55%) to close

it was clear that the economy was contracting, and the stock market went through a series of unsettling price declines. These declines fed investor anxiety, and events came to a head on October 24, 28, and 29 (known respectively as Black Thursday, Black Monday, and Black Tuesday). On Black Monday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 38.33 points to 260, a drop of 12.8%. The deluge of selling overwhelmed the ticker tape system that normally gave investors the current prices of their shares. Telephone lines and telegraphs were clogged and were unable to cope. This information vacuum only led to

"Cape Town"
March, is warm and dry with an average maximum of and minimum of . The region can get uncomfortably hot when the Berg Wind, meaning ""mountain wind"", blows from the Karoo interior for a couple of weeks in February or early March. Late spring and early summer generally feature a strong wind from the south-east, known locally as the south-easter or the Cape Doctor, so called because it blows air pollution away. This wind is caused by a high-pressure system which sits in the South Atlantic to the west of Cape Town, known as the South Atlantic High. Cape Town

the V&A Waterfront. The boat ride over to Robben's Island can be rough and cold, depending what time of day you go. Cape Town has a warm Mediterranean climate (Köppen ""Csb""), with mild, moderately wet winters and dry, warm summers. Winter, which lasts from the beginning of June to the end of August, may see large cold fronts entering for limited periods from the Atlantic Ocean with significant precipitation and strong north-westerly winds. Winter months in the city average a maximum of and minimum of Total annual rainfall in the city averages . Summer, which lasts from early December to

receives 3,100 hours of sunshine per year. Water temperatures range greatly, between on the Atlantic Seaboard, to over in False Bay. Average annual Ocean temperatures are between on the Atlantic Seaboard (similar to Californian waters, such as San Francisco or Big Sur), and in False Bay (similar to Northern Mediterranean temperatures, such as Nice or Monte Carlo). As of 2018, Cape Town is experiencing a water crisis, following a drought that began in 2015, which is said to be the worst that the region has experienced in one hundred years. Despite Day Zero (the day when Cape Town's taps will

"Climate of South Africa"
South Africa is about 464 mm (compared to a global average of 860 mm) but large and unpredictable variations are common. Overall, rainfall is greatest in the east and gradually decreases westward, with some semi-desert areas along the western edge of South Africa. For most of the country, rain falls mainly in the summer months with brief afternoon thunderstorms. The exception is the Western Cape and its capital city Cape Town where the climate is Mediterranean and it rains more in the wintertime. In the winter months, snow collects on the high mountains of the Cape and the Drakensberg. South

exception of occasional late afternoon downpours in the summer months of October to April. Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild due to the city's high altitude, with the average maximum daytime temperature in January of , dropping to an average maximum of around in June. Winter is the sunniest time of the year, with cool days and cold nights. The temperature occasionally drops to below freezing at night, causing frost. Snow is a rare occurrence, with snowfall having been experienced in May 1956, August 1962, June 1964, September 1981, August 2006 (light), on 27 June 2007, accumulating up to

The winter rainfall region is confined to a relatively small area in the south-west, the Western Cape area, where gentle rain falls from May to August but the summers are dry. The summer rainfall region is the largest, being most of the country north of the coastal areas and the north west arid desert. Rain fall from October to February and is often heavy, with the amount of precipitation increasing from west to east. The summer and winter rainfall region is the Eastern Cape. The arid regions are in the north-west, with the driest areas being the north-west coast. Vegetation

Johannesburg
summer months (October to April) characterised by hot days followed by afternoon thundershowers and cool evenings, and the winter months (May to September) by dry, sunny days followed by cold nights. Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild due to the city's high elevation, with an average maximum daytime temperature in January of , dropping to an average maximum of around in June. The UV index for Johannesburg in summers is extreme, often reaching 14-16 due to the high elevation and its location in the subtropics. Winter is the sunniest time of the year, with mild days and cool nights,

plateau, which includes the Free State and Gauteng provinces, the altitude keeps the average temperatures below ; Johannesburg, for example, lies at . In winter temperatures can drop below freezing, also due to altitude. During winter it is warmest in the coastal regions, especially on the eastern Indian Ocean coast. Warm season weather is influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). South Africa experiences hotter and drier weather during the El Niño phase, while La Niña brings cooler and wetter conditions. South Africa is a sunny country, averaging 8–10 daily sunshine hours in most regions. The average annual rainfall for

in the southern suburbs, and most recently on 7 August 2012. Regular cold fronts pass over in winter bringing very cold southerly winds but usually clear skies. The annual average rainfall is , which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Infrequent showers occur through the course of the winter months. The Western Cape province has a Mediterranean climate with warm to hot, dry, sunny summer weather and mild, rainy conditions in winter. Climate of South Africa The climate of South Africa is determined by South Africa's situation between 22°S and 35°S, in the Southern Hemisphere's subtropical zone, and its

"Dordrecht, Eastern Cape"
dedicated to the Smithdorff family. Dordrecht has a subtropical highland climate (""Cwb"", according to the Köppen climate classification), with warm summers and chilly, dry winters, with occasional snowfalls. It borders on a cold semi-arid climate (""BSk""). The average annual precipitation is , with most rainfall occurring mainly during summer. The village of Buffelsfontein, located between the towns of Dordrecht and Molteno, has the lowest recorded temperature in South Africa, of , on 23 August 2013. The former national record, of , was also registered in the same locality, on 28 June 1996. Dordrecht, Eastern Cape Dordrecht is a town situated

"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends"
during the summer 2013 season. The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures, which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media, and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios, which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties; Universal's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange's shutdown. Sponsor General Mills retained all United States television rights to the series. Two packages, each containing different episodes, are available. The syndicated version of ""The Bullwinkle Show"" contains 98 half-hour shows (#801–898). The first 78 comprise the Rocky & Bullwinkle story

package shows via 16 mm ""Bullwinkle Show"" prints and Bridgestone Multimedia released eight episodes as ""Rocky and his Friends"" using an old broadcast 16 mm print. The copyright status of these 98 episodes (along with some episodes of ""Hoppity Hooper"") is disputed. As of 2017, the copyright is generally recognized as valid, and attempts to post the gray market releases on video sites have historically been greeted with DMCA takedown notices. In 2002, Jay Ward Productions established a partnership with Classic Media called Bullwinkle Studios. From 2003 to 2005, the partnership produced DVDs of the first three seasons of the

"Jay Ward Productions"
Jay Ward Productions Jay Ward Productions, or simply Ward Productions, is an American animation studio based in Los Angeles County, California. It was founded in 1948 by American animator Jay Ward, and was most notable for the ""Rocky and Bullwinkle"" franchise. The Jay Ward Productions library and rights are managed by Bullwinkle Studios, a joint venture between Jay Ward Productions and DreamWorks Animation. The company was based on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, across Sunset Boulevard from the Chateau Marmont Hotel. Jay Ward Productions was an independent studio from 1948 to 1959. It was part of Dancer Fitzgerald Sample

"The Kushner-Locke Company"
Gate Entertainment) acquired the North American sales rights to its more than 300 titles. The Kushner-Locke Company The Kushner-Locke Company was an American independent motion picture/television production founded in March 12, 1983 by Donald Kushner and Peter Locke. It is known for films such as ""The Adventures of Pinocchio"", """", ""Basil"", ""But I'm a Cheerleader"", ""Confessions of a Dangerous Mind"", ""Freeway"", """" and ""Teen Wolf"". Kushner-Locke also produces animated films such as ""The Brave Little Toaster"" series and ""Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw"". In 2001, Kushner-Locke filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and has operated under this stature

WildBrain
WildBrain WildBrain (stylized as W!LDBRAIN) was an animation studio that developed and produced television programming, motion pictures, commercial content and licensed merchandise. Established in 1994 and acquired by Canadian media company DHX Media in 2010, it maintained offices in Los Angeles and New York City until it started operating DHX Media's YouTube channels. Film productions include the Annie Award-winning CGI short ""Hubert's Brain"", while television work includes Nick Jr. series Bubble Guppies and ""Yo Gabba Gabba!"", and highly rated Disney Channel series ""Higglytown Heroes"". WildBrain also produced earlier animated shorts and television specials of ""Monster High"" for Mattel. They have

"The Samuel Goldwyn Company"
The Samuel Goldwyn Company The Samuel Goldwyn Company was an American independent film company founded by Samuel Goldwyn Jr., the son of the famous Hollywood mogul, Samuel Goldwyn, in 1978. The company originally distributed and acquired art-house films from around the world to U.S. audiences; they soon added original productions to their roster as well, starting with ""The Golden Seal"" in 1983. In succeeding years, the Goldwyn company was able to obtain (from Samuel Sr.'s estate) the rights to all films produced under the elder Goldwyn's supervision, including the original ""Bulldog Drummond"" (1929), ""Arrowsmith"" (1931), and ""Guys and Dolls"" (1955).

"The Jim Henson Company"
(though Sesame Workshop still has permission to use the term for its ""Sesame Street"" characters through a license from Disney). In the teaser for ""Stuffed and Unstrung"", a post-Muppet Henson production, the characters of Bobby Vegan and Samson Knight made it clear that they weren't ""Muppets."" On April 1, 2004, the company and HIT Entertainment agreed to a five-year global distribution and production deal which included distribution of 440 hours of the company's remaining family library include ""Fraggle Rock"", ""Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas"", ""The Hoobs"" and ""Jim Henson's Mother Goose Stories"". After that deal expired, Henson signed on with Lionsgate

"Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)"
Peabody & Sherman'. The short features the songs ""Bad Romance"" by Lady Gaga, and ""If You Wanna Be Happy"" by Jimmy Soul. Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film) Rocky & Bullwinkle is a 2014 American computer-animated direct-to-video short film based on the 1960s animated television series ""The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show"", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, best known for co-directing Disney's ""Beauty and the Beast"", ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame"", and """", while Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon were the writers (They also provided the voices of Fearless

"Warner Bros."
However, most of Castle Rock Entertainment's pre-1994 library is currently owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer via PolyGram Entertainment (except for ""A Few Good Men"", which is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment), and as such, Warner Bros. owns Castle Rock Entertainment's post-1994 library. On October 4, 2007, Warner Bros. added the ""Peanuts"" library to its own under license from Peanuts Worldwide, LLC, licensor and owner of the ""Peanuts"" material; this includes all of the television library outside of the theatrical library, which continues to be a joint venture between CBS Corporation and Paramount Pictures, both companies part of National Amusements. In 2008, Warner

"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)"
the film stays true to the nature of the original cartoon, the script is disappointing and not funny."" Metacritic reports a 36 out of 100 score based on 30 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". ""The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle"" was released on VHS and DVD on February 13, 2001, and on Blu-ray on May 15, 2018. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is a 2000 American live action/animated adventure comedy film directed by Des McAnuff and produced by Universal Pictures, based on the television cartoon of the same name by Jay Ward.

"Daddy's Home 2"
In January 2017, it was reported that Mel Gibson and John Lithgow were being sought to play the main characters' fathers in the film. The two were later confirmed to star, along with Linda Cardellini, John Cena, Owen Vaccaro and Scarlett Estevez, reprising their roles. Principal photography began on March 20, 2017. Scenes were filmed in Concord, Massachusetts,Clinton, Massachusetts,Framingham, Massachusetts, Lawrence, Massachusetts and Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The film was released in the United States on November 10, 2017. ""Daddy's Home 2"" was released on Digital HD on February 6, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD on February 20,

Daddy's Home 2 Daddy's Home 2 is a 2017 American Christmas comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders and John Morris. A sequel to ""Daddy's Home"" (2015), it stars Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Linda Cardellini, John Cena, with John Lithgow and Mel Gibson. The plot follows now reformed-fathers Brad and Dusty (Ferrell and Wahlberg), now co-parenting Dusty's kids, who have to deal with their own fathers (Lithgow and Gibson) visiting for the holidays. Principal photography on the film began in Massachusetts in March 2017 and it was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on November

10, 2017. Although the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it grossed over $180 million worldwide on a $70 million budget. After finally becoming friends at the end of the first film, Brad Whittaker (Will Ferrell) and Dusty Mayron (Mark Wahlberg) have a co-dad system where their two children, Megan (Scarlett Estevez) and Dylan (Owen Vaccaro), take turns at each father's house. Dusty has also remarried, this time to Karen (Alessandra Ambrosio), a writer, and is stepdad to Adrianna (Didi Costine), Karen's daughter. Brad and his wife, Sara (Linda Cardellini), along with Dusty and Karen, attend a school play

"Daddy's Home (film)"
Home 2"", was released on November 10, 2017. Mild-mannered radio executive Brad Whitaker struggles to be a good stepfather to his wife Sara's two children, Megan and Dylan, and is seemingly sterile after an accident to his testicles some years ago. The children begin to grow closer to Brad, with Dylan confiding in him that he is being picked on at school and Megan asking him to take her to a father/daughter dance at her school. One night, the kids' biological father, Sara's ex-husband Dusty Mayron, calls and discovers Sara's marriage with Brad. He suddenly announces he will be visiting

Wahlberg mentioned that they would like to get Liam Neeson for the third installment of the film series. Daddy's Home 2 Daddy's Home 2 is a 2017 American Christmas comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders and John Morris. A sequel to ""Daddy's Home"" (2015), it stars Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Linda Cardellini, John Cena, with John Lithgow and Mel Gibson. The plot follows now reformed-fathers Brad and Dusty (Ferrell and Wahlberg), now co-parenting Dusty's kids, who have to deal with their own fathers (Lithgow and Gibson) visiting for the holidays. Principal photography on the film began

that Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg would play the lead roles in the film. On November 12, Linda Cardellini joined the cast of the film, to play Ferrell's character's wife. On November 18, Hannibal Buress joined the film to play a sarcastic handyman. On January 28, 2015, Paul Scheer was added to the cast of the film, playing The Whip, a crazy DJ. Principal photography began on November 17, 2014, in New Orleans, Louisiana. On November 24 and 25, filming took place at Edward Hynes Charter School. On January 12, 2015, actors were spotted filming in the Lakeview area. On

Daddy's Home (film) Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild-mannered step-father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children when their biological father (Mark Wahlberg) returns. The second collaboration between Ferrell and Wahlberg following the 2010 film ""The Other Guys"", principal photography began on November 17, 2014 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The film was released on December 25, 2015, by Paramount Pictures and grossed $242 million worldwide, becoming Ferrell's highest-grossing live-action film. A sequel, ""Daddy's

Roger (John Cena), to the cabin for Christmas. That evening, the entire family takes part in a Christmas manger representation. Brad gets into a fight with Dusty because he wants to play Joseph, which Dusty is currently playing. When Megan begins to swear, and Adrianna falls from being drunk, the crowd breaks up. Instead of Dusty fighting Brad, he almost comes to blows with Roger, and Don is repeatedly hit with ice-balls. The next morning, Christmas Day, the families all pack up to leave. On their way out of town, the families are forced back to town on account of

a blizzard. They are forced to take shelter at a movie theater. With every other movie being sold out, due to the huge influx of business from other families seeking shelter at the theater, both families go to see the last movie available: ""Missile Tow"", a fictional holiday action comedy film starring Liam Neeson. When the power cuts off during the movie, the families go to the lobby where each man confronts their father about the secrets, lies, and attitudes. Brad confronts Don about not telling him the truth about his divorce, while Dusty tries to talk to Kurt. When

Dusty and Brad discover that Brad's new stepdad is Chesley ""Sully"" Sullenberger, the pilot of the ""Miracle on the Hudson"" flight. Brad and Dusty remember that they watched the film ""Sully"" together not too long ago, and Brad appears to be welcoming towards him. Brad runs down the terminal and says that Sully will never replace his father, because Sully has only one great personal story, whereas his father has a million stories. In April 2016, the sequel was announced, with Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg reprising their roles, Sean Anders and John Morris writing the script, and Anders directing.

"Mission China"
with its production, music, stardom and promotion, Mission China made a glorious box office collection in the 55 movie theatres in Assam. ""Mission China"" is produced by Garima Saikia Garg and Zubeen Garg under the banner of ""I Creation Productions"". ""Mission China"" is shot in many exotic locations such as ""Mirza"", ""Sikkim"", ""Shillong"", ""Dima Hasao"", ""Tawang"" etc. ""Mission China"" was released on 8 September 2017 in Assam with nearly 168 daily screenings. The movie has gathered positive responses from fans. The movie is also scheduled to release in Mumbai, Pune, Delhi and Bangalore. The movie was scheduled to release in

Bengali later in 2017. Zubeen Garg says that he is planning to make another part of Mission China and invest more than ₹ 4 crores this time. ""Mission China"" was released on 8 September in 55 theaters of Assam and many other theaters in Delhi, Bangalore, Pune & Mumbai. The first, second and third day collections were 39.97 lakh, 39.50 lakh and 49 lakh respectively. The fourth day collection was 39 lakh and that of the fifth day was 39 lakh. A total of 2 crore 40 lakh were collected within the first week. It has been the Highest Grossing

"India in a Day"
that the film 'received an overwhelming response from the audience' at a premiere at the Jio Mami Film Club in October 2016. India in a Day India in a Day is a crowdsourced, feature-length documentary produced by Scott Free Productions, Phantom Films and Google. The footage featured in the film was submitted by members of the public in India in a single day on 10 October 2015. Running at 86 minutes long, the film is India's largest crowdsourced documentary film, with over 365 hours of footage recorded during the 24-hour filming period. Directed by Richie Mehta, the film consists of

Mission China Mission China is a 2017 Assamese language action drama film directed by Zubeen Garg and produced by Garima Saikia Garg as well as Zubeen Garg himself under the banner of ""I Creation Productions"". The film features Zubeen Garg and Deeplina Deka in lead roles and Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan, Siddhartha Goswami, Yankee Parashar, Parthasarathi Mahanta, Pabitra Rabha, Bibhuti Bhushan Hazarika, Tridib Lahon, Nabadweep Borgohain, Ragini Parashar and Bhashwati Bharati in supporting roles. Zubeen also wrote the script and screenplay for the film. Mission China is a milestone in the history of Assamese cinema. Although having a weak story line-up,but

India in a Day India in a Day is a crowdsourced, feature-length documentary produced by Scott Free Productions, Phantom Films and Google. The footage featured in the film was submitted by members of the public in India in a single day on 10 October 2015. Running at 86 minutes long, the film is India's largest crowdsourced documentary film, with over 365 hours of footage recorded during the 24-hour filming period. Directed by Richie Mehta, the film consists of a series of clips selected from over 16,000 videos received over a single day which were then edited together by Beverley Mills.

Scott Free and YouTube. It used footage shot by people from 192 countries around the world who filmed their day on 24 July 2010. The completed film had its world premiere at the Sheffield International Documentary Festival on Tuesday 14 June 2016, and its international premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on Friday 9 September 2016. The film had a short theatrical release in key cities in India on Friday 23 September 2016. The film has received generally positive reviews from critics. It does not yet have a Rotten Tomatoes rating. Allan Hunter from Screen Daily said 'the film

"Before the Flood (film)"
Ki-Moon. Subjects for the DVD's extra or deleted scenes include: Steven Z. Jacobson, Steven Chu, Andrew Baker, Ben Kirtman, and Enric Sala. Topics include education, politics, coral, hurricanes, and urgency. The film was made available freely on the internet between October 30 and November 6, 2016, the run up to US Election Day, having aired on the National Geographic Channel in 171countries and on some countries' national television channels. The film is subtitled in 45languages, making it accessible for non-English audiences. The film had been watched more than 2million times on the day following its release. The film takes a

"Route Awakening"
Route Awakening Route Awakening (Mandarin: 《寰行中国》 Huanxing Zhongguo) is a National Geographic television documentary series presented by Harry Yuan and Jonathan Clements. It comprises 18 half-hour films across three seasons, with each season concentrating on a different approach to Chinese history and culture. Each episode exists in two versions, a Mandarin-language broadcast shown in the Chinese-speaking world, and an English-language version shown in other countries. The programs were filmed entirely on location, with no studio work, using a roving film crew with a camera and drone. The presenters had radically different styles, with Yuan favoring an action-oriented approach as opposed

Assamese Movie in history. The film contains six songs sung by Zubeen Garg, Nachiketa Chakraborty, Joi Barua, Amit Paul, Siddharth Hazarika, Rohit Sonar, Zublee, Satabdi Borah, Mrinmoyee Goswami and Turi. The lyrics of the songs are written by Zubeen Garg, Sasanka Samir and Sumit Acharya. Mission China Mission China is a 2017 Assamese language action drama film directed by Zubeen Garg and produced by Garima Saikia Garg as well as Zubeen Garg himself under the banner of ""I Creation Productions"". The film features Zubeen Garg and Deeplina Deka in lead roles and Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan, Siddhartha Goswami, Yankee Parashar, Parthasarathi

"Cinema of China"
a living in Beijing, subject to state authorized tasks. Shot using a camcorder, the documentary ends with four of the artists moving abroad after the 1989 Tiananmen Protests. ""Dance with the Farm Workers"" (2001) is another documentary by Wu. Another internationally acclaimed documentary is Wang Bing's nine-hour tale of deindustrialization """" (2003). Wang's subsequent documentaries, """" (2007), ""Crude Oil"" (2008), ""Man with no name"" (2009), ""Three Sisters"" (2012) and ""Feng ai"" (2013), cemented his reputation as a leading documentarist of the movement. Li Hong, the first woman in the NDM, in ""Out of Phoenix Bridge"" (1997) relates the story of

"Marlins Park"
one game at the park, with 8 homers in a 5-3 win by the Colorado Rockies over the Marlins. The 8 home runs also set a Major League record for solo home runs accounting for all the scoring in a game, surpassing the previous record of 5. From March 9 to 13, 2017, Marlins Park hosted Pool C in the four-pool, first round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic. The Miami Beach Bowl college football bowl game was played at Marlins Park every December from 2014 through 2016. The bowl was moved to Frisco, Texas for 2017 and is now

the winter. It also hosted the Miami Beach Bowl from 2014 through 2016. Prior to the construction of Marlins Park, the Marlins played home games at what was originally known as Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami Gardens, which was known by a number of different names during the Marlins' tenure there. Joe Robbie Stadium was built in 1987 as home to the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL), and was designed as a multi-purpose stadium built primarily for football, but its design also accommodated baseball and soccer. Dolphins founder Joe Robbie believed it was a foregone conclusion that

"Hard Rock Stadium"
Hard Rock Stadium Hard Rock Stadium is a multipurpose football stadium located in Miami Gardens, Florida, a city north of Miami. It is the home stadium of the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). Hard Rock Stadium also plays host to the Miami Hurricanes football team during their regular season. The facility also hosts the Orange Bowl, an annual college football bowl game. It was the home to the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2011. The stadium has hosted five Super Bowls (XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI and XLIV), the 2010 Pro Bowl, two

"Dunedin Stadium (Florida)"
$181,000 agreement with the Florida Auto Exchange, a Dunedin car sales center, for the naming rights of Dunedin Stadium. The facility was renamed ""Florida Auto Exchange Stadium"" until October 1, 2017 when the agreement expired. Dunedin Stadium (Florida) Dunedin Stadium (originally Dunedin Stadium at Grant Field) is a baseball field located in Dunedin, Florida. The stadium was built in 1990 and holds 5,509 people. It is the spring training home of the Toronto Blue Jays, as well as home to the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Class A Florida State League and the Dunedin High School Falcons baseball team. The

Dunedin Stadium (Florida) Dunedin Stadium (originally Dunedin Stadium at Grant Field) is a baseball field located in Dunedin, Florida. The stadium was built in 1990 and holds 5,509 people. It is the spring training home of the Toronto Blue Jays, as well as home to the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Class A Florida State League and the Dunedin High School Falcons baseball team. The stadium has also been known as Knology Park (2004–2008) and Florida Auto Exchange Stadium (2010–2017). From 1977 to 1989, the Blue Jays played at Grant Field, which had a seating capacity of 3,417. Grant Field

home field of their rivals, the University of Miami Hurricanes. Hard Rock Stadium Hard Rock Stadium is a multipurpose football stadium located in Miami Gardens, Florida, a city north of Miami. It is the home stadium of the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). Hard Rock Stadium also plays host to the Miami Hurricanes football team during their regular season. The facility also hosts the Orange Bowl, an annual college football bowl game. It was the home to the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2011. The stadium has hosted five Super Bowls (XXIII,

"Miami Marlins"
Braman contested the legality of the deal with Miami-Dade County and the City of Miami. However, Miami-Dade County Judge Beth Cohen dismissed all the charges in Braman's lawsuit. The seating capacity for Marlins Park is 36,742, making it the third-smallest stadium (in capacity) in the MLB. Its first regular season game was April 4, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals, the ballpark became only the sixth MLB stadium to have a retractable roof, joining Rogers Centre in Toronto (1989), Chase Field in Phoenix (1998), Safeco Field in Seattle (1999), Minute Maid Park in Houston (2000), and Miller Park in Milwaukee

two spring training exhibition games at the new ballpark against the New York Yankees on April 1 and 2, 2012. Before a sellout crowd of 36,601, the Marlins played their first regular season game on April 4, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals (losing to the Cards, 4-1). The inaugural game was nationally televised on ESPN. As part of the Opening Night fanfare, players were announced onto the field while escorted by scantily-clad Brazilian dancers in full headdress. Muhammad Ali threw out the ceremonial first pitch after he was carted out to the field alongside Jeffrey Loria. In 2011, the

"City of Palms Park"
City of Palms Park City of Palms Park is a baseball stadium in Fort Myers, Florida. It served as the spring training home of the Boston Red Sox from its opening in 1993 to 2011. The stadium was built in for that purpose and holds 8,000 people. It was also the home of the Red Sox Rookie team, the Gulf Coast League Red Sox, from June through August. The stadium's name is taken from the city's official nickname. The City of Fort Myers occasionally uses the venue for concerts. A crew of six is on hand during spring training to

"Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium"
Miami Hurricanes). The series record is 19,062, set in that week's Miami series. The following is a list of the ten highest single-game attendance figures in the venue's history, as of the 2018 season. Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium is a baseball venue located in Tallahassee, Florida, United States, located adjacent to Doak Campbell Stadium on the campus of Florida State University. It is the home field of the Florida State Seminoles baseball team of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Coast Conference. It opened in 1983 and was renovated in 2004.

who won french open 2017 tennis tournament in men's double category

"2017 French Open – Men's Doubles"
2017 French Open – Men's Doubles Feliciano López and Marc López were the defending champions, but lost to Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos in the first round. Henri Kontinen retained the ATP no. 1 doubles ranking at the end of tournament despite he lost in the first round after fellow contenders Nicolas Mahut and Marcelo Melo lost in the first and second rounds, respectively. Ryan Harrison and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Santiago González and Donald Young in the final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–3. In a rare coincidence, none of the four players had ever previously appeared in the men's

doubles finals of a Grand Slam tournament prior to the event. 2017 French Open – Men's Doubles Feliciano López and Marc López were the defending champions, but lost to Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos in the first round. Henri Kontinen retained the ATP no. 1 doubles ranking at the end of tournament despite he lost in the first round after fellow contenders Nicolas Mahut and Marcelo Melo lost in the first and second rounds, respectively. Ryan Harrison and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Santiago González and Donald Young in the final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–3. In a rare coincidence, none

"2017 French Open – Men's Singles"
2017 French Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but was defeated by Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals. This was the first time since 2010 that Djokovic did not reach at least the semifinals at Roland Garros, and it was also the first time since 2009 that Djokovic lost a match in straight sets at Roland Garros. Rafael Nadal won his 10th French Open title (his first since 2014) and 15th Grand Slam singles title, defeating Stan Wawrinka in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–1. Nadal is the only male player to ever win 10 singles titles at

the same Grand Slam event. Nadal won this event without losing a set for the third time, thereby tying with Björn Borg for this Grand Slam record. 2017 French Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but was defeated by Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals. This was the first time since 2010 that Djokovic did not reach at least the semifinals at Roland Garros, and it was also the first time since 2009 that Djokovic lost a match in straight sets at Roland Garros. Rafael Nadal won his 10th French Open title (his first since 2014) and

"2017 Rolex Paris Masters – Singles"
2017 Rolex Paris Masters – Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion but could not participate this year due to injury. As a result of the withdrawals of Murray and Novak Djokovic from the tournament, they fell outside the top-10 in the ATP rankings for the first time since September 22, 2014 and March 5, 2007, respectively. Jack Sock won his first ATP World Tour Masters 1000 singles title, defeating Filip Krajinović in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–1. Sock became the first American man to win a Masters 1000 singles title since Andy Roddick in 2010. For the first time

Nadal secured the year-end ATP no. 1 singles ranking for the fourth time in his career. All seeds receive a bye into the second round. 2017 Rolex Paris Masters – Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion but could not participate this year due to injury. As a result of the withdrawals of Murray and Novak Djokovic from the tournament, they fell outside the top-10 in the ATP rankings for the first time since September 22, 2014 and March 5, 2007, respectively. Jack Sock won his first ATP World Tour Masters 1000 singles title, defeating Filip Krajinović in the final,

"2016 French Open – Men's Singles"
2016 French Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Andy Murray. Murray became the first British man since Bunny Austin in 1937 to reach the final. Novak Djokovic won his first French Open title, defeating Murray in the final, 3–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4. Djokovic completed a career Grand Slam and achieved a non-calendar year Grand Slam with this title, becoming the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four major titles at once and the first man in history to do so on three different surfaces. Djokovic

"2017 French Open"
2017 French Open The 2017 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 121st edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 28 May to 11 June and consisted of events for players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events. Novak Djokovic was the defending champion in the Men's Singles, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Thiem. Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion in the

"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles"
2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title

"2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
Slam champion since Ken Rosewall had won the 1972 Australian Open at 37 years and 63 days old. Andy Murray ""(Fourth round)"" 2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to the 117th ranked Denis Istomin from Uzbekistan. It was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, where he lost to Marat Safin, that Djokovic failed to make it past the second round of a major and the first time since the 2006 Australian Open that he failed to make it to the third round in Melbourne. Roger

from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill

"History of the United States"
punitive laws by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts. Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a

On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence and this date is celebrated as the nation's birthday. Historian George Billias says: On September 9, 1776, Congress officially changed the nation's name to the United States of America. Until this point, the nation was known as the ""United Colonies of America"" The new nation was founded on Enlightenment ideals of liberalism in what Thomas Jefferson called the unalienable rights to ""life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"", and dedicated strongly to republican principles. Republicanism emphasized the people are sovereign (not hereditary kings), demanded civic duty, feared corruption, and rejected

"History of the United States (1865–1918)"
(in 1946). Puerto Rico (and some smaller islands) became permanent U.S. possessions, as did Alaska (added by purchase in 1867). The independent Republic of Hawaii voluntarily joined the U.S. as a territory in 1898. The United States tried and failed to broker a peace settlement for World War I, then entered the war after Germany launched a submarine campaign against U.S. merchant ships that were supplying Germany's enemy countries. The publicly stated goals were to uphold American honor, crush German militarism, and reshape the postwar world. After a slow mobilization, the U.S. helped bring about a decisive Allied Forces victory

fear of corruption. For the Founding Fathers, according to one team of historians, ""republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy."" The Thirteen Colonies began a rebellion against British rule in 1775 and proclaimed their independence in 1776 as the United States of America. In the American Revolutionary War (1775–83) the Americans captured the British invasion army at Saratoga in 1777, secured the Northeast and encouraged the French to make a military alliance with the United States. France brought

world for another 500 years until the arrival of the British. Europeans under the British explorer Captain James Cook arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. Within five years of contact, European military technology would help Kamehameha I conquer most of the people, and eventually unify the islands for the first time; establishing the Kingdom of Hawaii. After a period of exploration sponsored by major European nations, the first successful English settlement was established in 1607. Europeans brought horses, cattle, and hogs to the Americas and, in turn, took back to Europe maize, turkeys, potatoes, tobacco, beans, and squash. Many

new Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride. Encouraged by the notion of manifest destiny, U.S. territory expanded all the way to the Pacific coast. While the United States was large in terms of area, its population in 1790 was

1765 and was realized in July 1776. Following Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 with the goal of organizing the new North American empire and protecting the native Indians from colonial expansion into western lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains. In ensuing years, strains developed in the relations between the colonists and the Crown. The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, imposing a tax on the colonies without going through the colonial legislatures. The issue was drawn: did Parliament have this right to tax Americans who were not

war had evaporated and both sides agreed to a peace that left the prewar boundaries intact. Americans claimed victory on February 18, 1815 as news came almost simultaneously of Jackson's victory of New Orleans and the peace treaty that left the prewar boundaries in place. Americans swelled with pride at success in the ""second war of independence""; the naysayers of the antiwar Federalist Party were put to shame and the party never recovered. The Indians were the big losers; they never gained the independent nationhood Britain had promised and no longer posed a serious threat as settlers poured into the

History of the United States The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new taxes after 1765, rejecting the colonists' argument that new taxes needed their approval (see Stamp Act 1765). Tax resistance, especially the Boston Tea Party (1773), led to

"The Santa Clause (film series)"
must take Santa's place before the next Christmas arrives. Scott thinks he's dreaming, but over the next several months he gains weight and grows an inexplicably white beard. Maybe that night at the North Pole wasn't a dream after all -- and maybe Scott has a lot of work to do. Scott Calvin (Tim Allen) has been in the role of Santa for the past eight years, and his loyal elves consider him the best one ever. But the world of the ""Merry Old Soul"" turns upside down when he's dealt a double whammy of news: Not only has his

son, Charlie (Eric Lloyd), landed on this year's naughty list, but Scott discovers that he must marry by Christmas Eve -- just a month away! -- or he will stop being Santa Claus forever. Christmas cheer turns into holiday chaos when Scott Calvin (Tim Allen), aka Santa, invites his in-laws (Ann-Margret, Alan Arkin) for a visit and must, simultaneously, contend with Jack Frost's (Martin Short) scheme to take over the North Pole. Scott, his family and Head Elf Curtis (Spencer Breslin) must join forces to foil the nefarious plot. Scott Foundas of ""Variety"" called the 1994 film was ""a full-on

The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause (also known as The Santa Clause Trilogy) is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen. The film series began with ""The Santa Clause"" (1994). It was followed by ""The Santa Clause 2"" (2002) and """" (2006). The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film. Divorced dad Scott Calvin (Tim Allen) has custody of his son Charlie (Eric Lloyd) on Christmas Eve. After he accidentally causes the death of a man in a Santa suit, they are magically transported to the North Pole, where an elf explains that Scott

"The Santa Clause"
is indeed Father Christmas. This was Pasquin and Allen's first movie collaboration after they both worked together on the TV series ""Home Improvement"". Pasquin and Allen would later work again on the films ""Jungle 2 Jungle"" and ""Joe Somebody"", and on the television series ""Last Man Standing"". The film was followed by two sequels, ""The Santa Clause 2"" (2002) and """" (2006). In comparison to the original, the former received mixed critical response while the latter was panned by most critics. Scott Calvin (Tim Allen), a successful toy salesman, prepares to spend Christmas Eve with his son Charlie (Eric Lloyd).

"The Santa Clause 2"
The Santa Clause 2 The Santa Clause 2 is a 2002 Christmas family comedy film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is a sequel to ""The Santa Clause"" (1994) and the second installment in the ""Santa Clause"" film series. All the principal actors from the first film, including Tim Allen, Eric Lloyd, Wendy Crewson and Judge Reinhold, reprise their roles. Released on November 1, 2002, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $172 million worldwide on a $65 million budget. It was followed by another sequel, """", released in 2006. Eight years have passed since Scott Calvin took on

The Santa Clause The Santa Clause (stylized as The Santa Claus) is a 1994 American Christmas fantasy family comedy film written by Leo Benvenuti and Steve Rudnick, and directed by John Pasquin. The first film in the ""Santa Clause"" film series, it stars Tim Allen as Scott Calvin, an ordinary man who accidentally causes Santa Claus to fall from his roof on Christmas Eve. When he and his young son, Charlie, finish St. Nick's trip and deliveries, they go to the North Pole where Scott learns that he must become the new Santa and convince those he loves that he

"Santa Claus: The Movie"
while, Ilya Salkind actively pursued Carroll O'Connor for the role before Szwarc showed him David Huddleston's screen-test, which won Salkind over. For the role of B.Z., the producers wanted a star with a similar stature to Gene Hackman when he had played Lex Luthor in ""Superman: The Movie"". To this end, they offered the role to Harrison Ford who turned them down. They made offers to Dustin Hoffman, Burt Reynolds and Johnny Carson --- all of whom, for one reason or another, turned the part down. Eventually, John Lithgow was settled on after Salkind watched ""Terms of Endearment"" and realised

released as a 3-Movie Collection Blu-ray set on October 16, 2012. The Santa Clause 2 The Santa Clause 2 is a 2002 Christmas family comedy film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is a sequel to ""The Santa Clause"" (1994) and the second installment in the ""Santa Clause"" film series. All the principal actors from the first film, including Tim Allen, Eric Lloyd, Wendy Crewson and Judge Reinhold, reprise their roles. Released on November 1, 2002, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $172 million worldwide on a $65 million budget. It was followed by another sequel, """", released

"The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause"
to reveal their baby boy, Buddy Claus. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 17% based on 65 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Playing Jack Frost as an evil cross between Liza Minnelli and Liberace, Martin Short is a welcome presence, but this tired series continues drawing from its bag of bland gags and dumb slapstick."" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""B+""

that he had a Grinch-type look to him. The role of the Ancient Elf was written with James Cagney in mind; however, with Cagney being very weak in his old age, the legendary actor could not adequately assume the role, despite the fact that he liked the film's overall idea. Nonetheless, Cagney had no other choice but to turn the offer down, so Fred Astaire was considered. When this eventually came to nothing, Dudley Moore suggested his friend Burgess Meredith for the role, which he in the end won. At the time of the movie's announcement in the middle of

type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas in the west of ireland

"Turlough (lake)"
Turlough (lake) A turlough, or turlach, is a type of disappearing lake found mostly in limestone areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. The name comes from the Irish ""tur"", meaning ""dry"", with the suffix ""-lach"", meaning ""a place"" (in an abstract sense). The ""-lach"" suffix is often mistakenly spelled and/or thought to refer to the word ""loch"", the Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for ""lake"". The landforms are found in Irish karst (exposed limestone) areas. The features are almost unique to Ireland, although there is one example in Great Britain, at Cernydd Carmel near Llandeilo. They are

"Lough Corrib"
and hawks, otters, mink, stoat, frogs, and bats. Lough Corrib can be divided into two parts: a smaller shallower basin to the south and a larger deeper basin to the north. These two parts are connected by a narrow channel. In the southern and eastern parts of the lake, the lake bed is dominated by limestone bedrock covered by deposits of precipitated marl. The surrounding land is mostly pastoral farmland to the south and east and bog to the west and north. In addition to the lake basis, some areas of scientific interest adjoining the lake, e.g. woodland, callows grassland

Lake-burst
Lake-burst A lake-burst () is a phenomenon referred to in Irish mythology, in which a previously non-existent lake comes into being, often when a grave is being dug. Part of the lake-burst stories may originate in sudden hydrographic changes around limestone-based inland plains or turloughs. Other so-called lake-bursts refer to marine estuaries, bays and inlets, such as Galway Bay, Strangford Lough, Dundrum Bay, Belfast Lough, Waterford Harbour and the mouth of the River Erne. Some of these coastal districts were renowned for the drowned prehistoric forests, which gave rise to several flood-myths. Medieval bards had a special genre of lake-burst

"Lake Disappear"
the next valley with Bridal Veil fall] drains underground through limestone (Elgood Limestone). During times of prolonged heavy rain, water backs up behind the outlet to form a sizable lake over what are normally dry alluvial flats.” Elgood Limestone (an outcrop is in the photo - see Gallery - to the left) is part of the Glen Massey Formation. The geology guide describes it as, “forming prominent bluffs or surface outcrops displaying solution channels, lapiez, and sinkholes, and is everywhere a light grey, flaggy limestone containing up to 95% CaCO. Glauconite is common throughout, together with Mesozoic pebbles and greensand

near the base”. About its late Whaingaroan (about 27 million years ago) creation, it says, “The change from estuarine, shallow brackish water conditions (Mangakotuku Formation), to fully marine, open sea, aerobic conditions (Glen Massey Formation) is evidenced by near shore accumulation of the bioclastic Elgood Limestone, onlap of the succeeding Dunphail Siltstone, and subsequent deposition of Ahirau Sandstone in an inner to mid shelf environment.” Pakihi is a Māori term now commonly used to describe poorly drained, infertile land. Much of the watershed of Lake Disappear was podocarp forest but is now mostly sheep and beef farms, with Te Uku

Inishark
Inishark Inishark or Inishshark (), sometimes called Shark Island, is a small island neighbouring the larger Inishbofin in County Galway, Ireland. Now uninhabited, the last 23 inhabitants of this former isolated fishing and farming community were evacuated in October 1960. The islanders had been unable to leave for months in winter and the government opted to resettle them on the mainland rather than build an expensive pier on the island. Like Inishbofin, Inishark is composed almost entirely of Silurian slates and shales. It rises almost to above sea level. The documentary film ""Inis Airc, Bás Oileáin (Inishark, Death of an

"Glacial lake"
Glacial lake A glacial lake is a lake with origins in a melted glacier. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land, and then melts, filling the hole or space that it has created. Near the end of the last glacial period, roughly 10,000 years ago, glaciers began to retreat. A retreating glacier often left behind large deposits of ice in hollows between drumlins or hills. As the ice age ended, these melted to create lakes. This is apparent in the Lake District in Northwestern England where post-glacial sediments are normally between 4 and 6 metres deep. These lakes

"Munster Basin"
Munster Basin The Munster Basin is a late Middle to Upper Devonian age extensional (rift) sedimentary basin in the south-west of Ireland. The basin fill comprises fluvial Old Red Sandstone (ORS) magnafacies with minor silicic volcanic and mafic sub-volcanic centres. The depocentre of the basin is located between the Macgillycuddy's Reeks and the Kenmare River on the Iveragh peninsula where the succession is at least ""ca"". 6 km thick. The non-marine ORS is conformably succeeded by latest Devonian coastal plain and shallow marine clastic deposits (the Toe Head Sandstone and Old Head Sandstone Formations, and equivalents), followed by shallow to

"Lough Scur"
Oisín, and his grave lay at Aghascur, ""the field of the Scur"". However, it is pointed out the word ""Scur"" () has various meanings, and probably translates to """". O’Donovan suggests 'Scuir' means """", and the suggests Lough Scuir means ""the lake of the horses, pasturage, troop"". Lough Scur is about northwest of Keshcarrigan. It covers an area of . Lough Scur is deep with generally a soft mud or compact peat bottom, the shallowest portion is the northern reach, between Driny and Drumcong, probably due the a large quantity of detritus carried into it by a mountain stream at

Lake Disappear Lake Disappear is an intermittent lake (see also Turlough (lake) and Polje) situated in the North Island of New Zealand, just over 20 km from Raglan, 4 km beyond Bridal Veil waterfall. It has also been described as a solution lake. The south end can be seen from Kawhia Rd and, when the north end is full, it can be seen from the point which is at the end of Plateau Rd on the Pipiwharauroa Way. It is the largest known polje in the country. Lake Disappear lies in a valley dammed by a lava flow (similar to

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () took place from 1936 to 1939. Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Second Spanish Republic, in alliance with the Anarchists and Communists, fought against the Nationalists, a Falangist, Carlist, Catholic, and largely aristocratic group led by General Francisco Franco. The war has often been portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, particularly due to the political climate and timing surrounding it. In early 1939, the Nationalists achieved victory, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975. The war began after a ""pronunciamiento"" (a declaration of military opposition) against the Republican government

and air support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republican (Loyalist) side received support from the Soviet Union and Mexico. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, continued to recognize the Republican government, but followed an official policy of non-intervention. Notwithstanding this policy, tens of thousands of citizens from non-interventionist countries directly participated in the conflict. They fought mostly in the pro-Republican International Brigades, which also included several thousand exiles from pro-Nationalist regimes. The Nationalists advanced from their strongholds in the south and west, capturing most of Spain's northern coastline in 1937. They

political party. Sanjurjo was killed in an aircraft accident while attempting to return from exile in Portugal, whereupon Franco emerged as the leader of the Nationalists. The coup was supported by military units in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Zaragoza, Valladolid, Cádiz, Córdoba, and Seville. However, rebelling units in some important cities—such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and Málaga—did not gain control, and those cities remained under the control of the government. Spain was thus left militarily and politically divided. The Nationalists and the Republican government fought for control of the country. The Nationalist forces received munitions, soldiers,

estates called ""latifundia"" as well as all the important government positions. In 1868 popular uprisings led to the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of the House of Bourbon. Two distinct factors led to the uprisings: a series of urban riots and a liberal movement within the middle classes and the military (led by General Joan Prim) concerned with the ultra-conservatism of the monarchy. In 1873 Isabella's replacement, King Amadeo I of the House of Savoy, abdicated owing to increasing political pressure, and the short-lived First Spanish Republic was proclaimed. After the restoration of the Bourbons in December 1874, Carlists and

militias was often enough to decide the fate of a town. General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano managed to secure Seville for the rebels, arresting a number of other officers. The rebels failed to take any major cities with the critical exception of Seville, which provided a landing point for Franco's African troops, and the primarily conservative and Catholic areas of Old Castile and León, which fell quickly. Cádiz was taken for the rebels, with the help of the first troops from the Army of Africa. The government retained control of Málaga, Jaén, and Almería. In Madrid, the rebels were hemmed

labourers, and parts of the middle class. The conservative, strongly Catholic Basque country, along with Catholic Galicia and the more left-leaning Catalonia, sought autonomy or independence from the central government of Madrid. The Republican government allowed for the possibility of self-government for the two regions, whose forces were gathered under the People's Republican Army (""Ejército Popular Republicano"", or EPR), which was reorganized into mixed brigades after October 1936. A few well-known people fought on the Republican side, such as English novelist George Orwell (who wrote ""Homage to Catalonia"" (1938), an account of his experiences in the war) and Canadian thoracic

Offensive, and by 14 April they had pushed through to the Mediterranean, cutting the Republican-held portion of Spain in two. The Republican government attempted to sue for peace in May, but Franco demanded unconditional surrender, and the war raged on. In July, the Nationalist army pressed southward from Teruel and south along the coast toward the capital of the Republic at Valencia, but was halted in heavy fighting along the XYZ Line, a system of fortifications defending Valencia. The Republican government then launched an all-out campaign to reconnect their territory in the Battle of the Ebro, from 24 July until

that Franco's ensuing ""white terror"" resulted in the deaths of 200,000 people and that the ""red terror"" killed 38,000. Julius Ruiz contends that, ""Although the figures remain disputed, a minimum of 37,843 executions were carried out in the Republican zone, with a maximum of 150,000 executions (including 50,000 after the war) in Nationalist Spain"". In 2008 a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón, opened an investigation into the executions and disappearances of 114,266 people between 17 July 1936 and December 1951. Among the executions investigated was that of the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, whose body has never been found. Mention

Republican government and presented a more unified front. The coup divided the armed forces fairly evenly. One historical estimate suggests that there were some 87,000 troops loyal to the government and some 77,000 joining the insurgency, though some historians suggest that the Nationalist figure should be revised upwards and that it probably amounted to some 95,000. During the first few months both armies were joined in high numbers by volunteers, Nationalists by some 100,000 men and Republicans by some 120,000. From August both sides launched their own, similarly scaled conscription schemes, resulting in further massive growth of their armies. Finally,

French border to the Republicans in the battle of Irún. On 15 September San Sebastián, home to a divided Republican force of anarchists and Basque nationalists, was taken by Nationalist soldiers. The Republic proved ineffective militarily, relying on disorganized revolutionary militia. The Republican government under Giral resigned on 4 September, unable to cope with the situation, and was replaced by a mostly Socialist organization under Francisco Largo Caballero. The new leadership began to unify central command in the republican zone. On the Nationalist side, Franco was chosen as chief military commander at a meeting of ranking generals at Salamanca on

"Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging"
with him. During his absence, Georgia's mum hires a handsome builder called Jem to re-do the living room, and begins to spend increasingly longer periods of time with him, making Georgia worried as to the state of her parents' marriage. In an attempt to ""grow up"" for Robbie, Georgia then goes to have ""snogging lessons"" with Peter Dyer. He becomes infatuated with her and at a party the following night, he tries to kiss her, causing her to fall in to a bush and expose her underwear to Robbie, Lindsay, Jas and Tom, who see her on the ground with

Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging is a 2008 British coming of age-comedy film co-written and directed by Gurinder Chadha. The film's lead is played by Georgia Groome, with Aaron Taylor-Johnson and Karen Taylor amongst the supporting cast. The story is based on two teenage novels by Louise Rennison: ""Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging"" and ""It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers"". The narrative follows fourteen-year-old Georgia Nicholson (Groome) as she tries to find a boyfriend while also organising her fifteenth birthday party. This is the first film from Nickelodeon that was rated PG-13. Georgia Nicholson

London, fraternal twins Robbie and Tom. The girls follow the boys, who are exploring town with their friend Dave ""the Laugh"". Georgia then hatches a plan to get close to Robbie. Realizing that Robbie likes cats she pretends her cat, Angus, has gone missing. Jas has Angus on a leash, but he escapes and Tom rescues him. Jas and Tom begin dating while Robbie is dating Georgia's rival - Lindsay. In the midst of all this, Georgia's father has been offered a job in New Zealand, and he goes to New Zealand to prepare for the family to move out

"Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging"
Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging (1999) is a young adult novel by Louise Rennison. The book is the first of ten books in the ""Confessions of Georgia Nicolson"" series. The book was made into a film, ""Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging"", released in the UK and the US in July 2008. Georgia, a teenager, lives with her mother, father, 3-year-old sister Libby, and her wild cat, Angus, whom the family found on a holiday to Scotland. Georgia bumps into the popular and attractive Robbie (the ""Sex-God""), while helping her best friend, Jas, subtly stalk his

on Nick at Nite and TeenNick, where it was rated TV-PG, and later was released on DVD. Some songs played in the film were not included on the soundtrack: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging is a 2008 British coming of age-comedy film co-written and directed by Gurinder Chadha. The film's lead is played by Georgia Groome, with Aaron Taylor-Johnson and Karen Taylor amongst the supporting cast. The story is based on two teenage novels by Louise Rennison: ""Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging"" and ""It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers"". The narrative follows fourteen-year-old Georgia

is a 14 year old girl from Eastbourne who worries about her looks, is embarrassed by her mum Connie, dad Bob, and mad little sister Libby, and fears she will never get a boyfriend. One day, she humiliates herself by going to a cool party in a ridiculously oversized olive costume, causing people to laugh at her, and for her to run home, attracting looks from people. On the first day of the new school term, Georgia and her friends, Jas, Ellen and Rosie, known as her ""Ace Gang"", spot two new brothers that have just moved to Eastbourne from

"Louise Rennison"
Louise Rennison Louise Rennison (11 October 1951 – 29 February 2016) was an English author and comedian who wrote the ""Confessions of Georgia Nicolson"" series for teenage girls. The series records the exploits of a teenage girl, Georgia Nicolson, and her best friends, the Ace Gang. Her first and second novels, ""Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging"" and ""It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers"" were portrayed in a film adaptation called ""Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging"". She also wrote a series of books about Georgia's younger cousin, ""The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey"". Her one-woman live show ""Stevie Wonder Felt My

Boho-chic
Cotton to Kylie [Minogue], Rachel Bilson and Taylor Momsen to Carine Roitfeld ha[d] been swaddling themselves in exotic cat prints with varying degrees of success"". Armstrong speculated also that the ""Impossible Boot"", based on a 1930s snow boot and so-called by its designer Penelope Chilvers because it had ""proved a headache to make"", might, despite its relatively high cost (£325–375), displace the Ugg, which had been a durable boho accessory. As Armstrong put it wrily, the Impossible was ""perfect for après-ski"" in the fashionably bohemian London districts of Primrose Hill or Dalston. Many parents have also embraced the Boho Chic

site's consensus states: ""Based on two of British writer Louise Rennison's popular books, ""Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging"" is a pleasant and funny tween comedy, comfortable for UK audiences as well as stateside crowds."" Critics noted the strong central performance of Georgia Groome, who was praised for her ""super-engaging"" and ""endearingly natural"" performance. The film has earned $14,924,919, which includes $10,627,381 (£6.6 million) from the UK alone. The film was in the top 40 in the UK and Ireland and Malta 2008 box office. The film was not released theatrically in the United States, but instead had its U.S. premiere

Areas in nearby west London like Bishopshalt school in Hillingdon and the Liquid nightclub in Uxbridge were used as well. Other sites include locations in Teddington and Twickenham. Costumes included green blazers and kilts borrowed from St. Bede's Prep School in Eastbourne, and props included Eastbourne's signature blue bins to add to the effect and continuity when filming in multiple locations. The film was the first movie produced by Nickelodeon Movies to receive a PG-13 rating. The film received positive reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 71% based on reviews from 24 critics. The

"Coins of British India"
From 1621 till 1800, the English sent their precious metal bullion to the Surat mint, controlled by the ""Nawab"", to be coined into local gold mohurs and silver rupees. As the Surat mint was unable to meet the required production rate, silver was also sent to the Ahmadabad mint in 1636. During later years, the Ahmadabad mint also struck rupees for the Bombay Presidency in the name of Muhammad Akbar II with the dates 1233–1241 AH (1817–1825 CE). In December 1672, the East India Company started a mint in Bombay and European style gold, silver, copper, and tin coins were

"Coinage of India"
and execution of the gold coins and the disappearance of silver money, bear ample evidence to their curtailed territory. The percentage of gold in Indian coins under the reign of Gupta rulers showed a steady financial decline over the centuries as it decreases from 90% pure gold under Chandragupta I (319-335) to a mere 75-80% under Skandagupta (467). The coins of various Rajput princes's ruling in Hindustan and Central India were usually of gold, copper or billon, very rarely silver. These coins had the familiar goddess of wealth, Lakshmi on the obverse. In these coins, the Goddess was shown with

wear and weight loss, irrespective of the actual condition of the coin. Early gold coinage with Queen Victoria's crowned bust consisted of one mohur coins dated 1862. These coins were of the same weight (11.66 grams = one Tola) and fineness (0.9167) as the EIC issued mohurs. These coins, probably minted between 1866 and 1869, were trade coinage and not recognized as legal tender. A number of varieties (including proofs) are known with minor variations in the reverse and obverse decoration details. 'Victoria Queen' mohurs were also struck with the year 1875, as well as 1870 proof issues with a

earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. The splendid gold coinage of Guptas, with its many types and infinite varieties and its inscriptions in Sanskrit, are the finest examples of the purely Indian art that we possess. Their era starts from around 320 with Chandragupta I's accession to the throne.Son of Chandragupta I-Samudragupta, the real founder of the Gupta Empire had coinage made of gold only. There were seven different varieties of coins that appeared during his reign. Out of them the archer type is the most common and characteristic type of the Gupta dynasty coins, which were struck by at

value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

mature bust of Victoria. In 1876, Victoria assumed the title of 'Empress of India' and, from 1877, the legend on the obverse of all coins was changed to 'Victoria Empress'. Gold mohurs with the new obverse legend were issued between 1877 and 1891. The mintage of these mohurs for any given date is relatively low, making them considerably scarce. Fractional values of the mohur (nominally valued at fifteen silver rupees) were also struck in denominations of ten and five rupees between 1870 and 1879. Except for a small number of ten and five rupees dated 1870, most of the fractional

BCE there must have been considerable intercourse sometimes of a friendly, sometimes of a hostile character, between them and the Parthians, who occupied the neighboring territory. Maues, whose coins are found only in the Punjab, was the first king of what may be called the Azes group of princes. His silver is not plentiful; the finest type is that with a ""biga"" (two-horsed chariot) on the obverse, and this type belongs to a square Hemi drachm, the only square aka silver coin known. His most common copper coins, with an elephant's head on the obverse and a ""Caduceus"" (staff of

Greek and Roman coin. Demetrios was the first Bactrian king to strike square copper coins of the Indian type, with a legend in Greek on the obverse, and in Kharoshthi on the reverse. Copper coins, square for the most part, are very numerous. The devices are almost entirely Greek, and must have been engraved by Greeks, or Indians trained in the Greek traditions. The rare gold staters and the splendid tetradrachms of Bactria disappear. The silver coins of the Indo-Greeks, as these later princes may conveniently be called, are the didrachm and the hemidrachm. With the exception of certain square

Coins of British India British trading posts in India were first established by the East India Company (EIC) early in the seventeenth century, which quickly evolved into larger colonies covering a significant part of the subcontinent. Early settlements or factories included Masulipatnam (1611) and Madras (1640) in the south, Surat (1612) in the west, and modern-day Kolkata (1698–99) in the east. These colonies gave rise to Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, and Bengal Presidency, and each Presidency had a separate coinage and monetary system. In 1835, the EIC adopted a unified system of coinage throughout all British possessions in India and

Icarus
the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned, sparking the idiom """"don't fly too close to the sun"""". This tragic theme of failure at the hands of hubris contains similarities to that of Phaëthon. Icarus' father Daedalus, a very talented and remarkable Athenian craftsman, built the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete near his palace at Knossos to imprison the Minotaur, a half-man, half-bull monster born of his wife and the Cretan bull. Minos imprisoned Daedalus himself in the labyrinth because he gave Minos's daughter, Ariadne, a clew

Icarus
Icarus In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; , ""Íkaros"", Etruscan: ""Vikare"") is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings nor the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when

Daedalus
taught him how to fly. When both were prepared for flight, Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too high, because the heat of the sun would melt the wax, nor too low, because the sea foam would soak the feathers. They had passed Samos, Delos and Lebynthos by the time the boy, forgetting himself, began to soar upward toward the sun. The blazing sun softened the wax that held the feathers together and they came off. Icarus quickly fell in the sea and drowned. His father cried, bitterly lamenting his own arts, and called the island near the place where

Icarus
to the heat melted the wax. Icarus kept flapping his wings but soon realized that he had no feathers left and that he was only flapping his bare arms, and so Icarus fell into the sea and drowned in the area which today bears his name, the Icarian Sea near Icaria, an island southwest of Samos. Hellenistic writers give euhemerising variants in which the escape from Crete was actually by boat, provided by Pasiphaë, for which Daedalus invented the first sails, to outstrip Minos' pursuing galleys, and that Icarus fell overboard en route to Sicily and drowned. Heracles erected a

Helios
the name Helios, or the sun, and he explained that this was because Saturn was the most conspicuous of the planets. The best known story involving Helios is that of his son Phaethon, who attempted to drive his father's chariot but lost control and set the earth on fire. If Zeus had not interfered by throwing a thunderbolt at Phaethon, killing him instantly, all mortals would have died. Helios was sometimes characterized with the epithet Panoptes (""the all-seeing""). In the story told in the hall of Alcinous in the ""Odyssey"" (viii.300ff.), Aphrodite, the consort of Hephaestus, secretly beds Ares, but

Icarus
also warned not to fly too low, because seawater would ruin the lift in his wings. Flying too low is even more dangerous than flying too high, because it feels deceptively safe."" Icarus In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; , ""Íkaros"", Etruscan: ""Vikare"") is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low

Minos
of who the Minotaur was and how to get out of the Labyrinth (Daedalus knew both of these things), Minos imprisoned Daedalus and his son, Icarus, along with the monster. Daedalus and Icarus flew away on wings Daedalus invented, but Icarus' wings melted because he flew too close to the sun. Icarus fell in the sea and drowned. Minos' son Androgeus won every game in a contest hosted by Aegeas of Athens. Alternatively, the other contestants were jealous of Androgeus and killed him. Minos was angry and declared war on Athens. He offered the Athenians peace if they sent Minos

Stesichorus
Stesichorus Stesichorus (; , ""Stēsikhoros""; c. 630 – 555 BC) was the first great lyric poet of the West. He is best known for telling epic stories in lyric metres but he is also famous for some ancient traditions about his life, such as his opposition to the tyrant Phalaris, and the blindness he is said to have incurred and cured by composing verses first insulting and then flattering to Helen of Troy. He was ranked among the nine lyric poets esteemed by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria and yet his work attracted relatively little interest among ancient commentators, so

"Eridanus (constellation)"
reservoir below the Earth's surface. Eridanus is connected to the myth of Phaethon, who took over the reins of his father Helios' sky chariot (i.e., the Sun), but didn't have the strength to control it and so veered wildly in different directions, scorching both Earth and heaven. Zeus intervened by striking Phaethon dead with a thunderbolt and casting him to Earth. The constellation was supposed to be the path Phaethon drove along; in later times, it was considered a path of souls. Since ""Eridanos"" was also a Greek name for the Po (Latin ""Padus""), in which the burning body of

"Icarus complex"
Icarus complex The Icarus complex is a term in psychoanalysis and personality theory first used by Henry A. Murray to describe a particular type of over-ambitious character. Psychosynthesis has applied it to those in whom spiritual ambition exceeds their personality limits, leading to a backlash. Icarus was a Greek mythological figure who tried to escape imprisonment in Crete with his father Daedalus, using wings Daedalus crafted out of feathers and wax. Daedalus warned Icarus not too fly too close to the sun or too low to the sea. Overwhelmed with the excitement of flying, Icarus flew much too high, and

"Carbon cycle"
manufacturing concrete. The terrestrial biosphere includes the organic carbon in all land-living organisms, both alive and dead, as well as carbon stored in soils. About 500 gigatons of carbon are stored above ground in plants and other living organisms, while soil holds approximately 1,500 gigatons of carbon. Most carbon in the terrestrial biosphere is organic carbon, while about a third of soil carbon is stored in inorganic forms, such as calcium carbonate. Organic carbon is a major component of all organisms living on earth. Autotrophs extract it from the air in the form of carbon dioxide, converting it into organic

"Terrestrial biological carbon cycle"
plants. Carbon storage in the biosphere is influenced by a number of processes on different time-scales: while carbon uptake through autotrophic respiration follows a diurnal and seasonal cycle, carbon can be stored in the terrestrial biosphere for up to several centuries, e.g. in wood or soil. Most carbon leaves the terrestrial biosphere through respiration. When oxygen is present, aerobic respiration occurs, producing carbon dioxide. If oxygen is not present, e.g. as is the case in marshes or in animals' digestive tracts, anaerobic respiration can occur, which produces methane. About half of the gross primary production is respired by plants directly

atmosphere, although small amounts of carbon leave the terrestrial biosphere and enter the oceans as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Most carbon in the terrestrial biosphere is stored in forests: they hold 86% of the planet's terrestrial above-ground carbon and forest soils also hold 73% of the planet's soil carbon. Carbon stored inside plants can be transferred into other organisms during plant consumption. When animals eat plants, for example, the organic carbon stored in the plants is converted into other forms and utilized inside the animals. The same is true for bacteria and other heterotrophs. Dead plant material in or above

slow. Carbon enters the ocean mainly through the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a small fraction of which is converted into carbonate. It can also enter the ocean through rivers as dissolved organic carbon. It is converted by organisms into organic carbon through photosynthesis and can either be exchanged throughout the food chain or precipitated into the ocean's deeper, more carbon-rich layers as dead soft tissue or in shells as calcium carbonate. It circulates in this layer for long periods of time before either being deposited as sediment or, eventually, returned to the surface waters through thermohaline circulation. Oceans are

is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures. Most of the earth's carbon is stored inertly in the earth's lithosphere. Much of the carbon stored in the earth's mantle was stored there when the earth formed. Some of it was deposited in the form of organic carbon from the biosphere. Of the carbon stored in the geosphere, about 80% is limestone and its derivatives, which form from the sedimentation of calcium carbonate stored in the shells of marine organisms. The remaining 20% is stored as kerogens formed through

sinks. The carbon cycle was discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, and popularized by Humphry Davy. The global carbon cycle is now usually divided into the following major reservoirs of carbon interconnected by pathways of exchange: The carbon exchanges between reservoirs occur as the result of various chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes. The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth. The natural flows of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial ecosystems, and sediments are fairly balanced so that carbon levels would be roughly stable without human influence. Carbon in the Earth's

soils remains there for some time before being respired by heterotrophs. Thus carbon is transferred in every step of the food chain from one organism to another. Autotrophs, such as trees and other green plants, use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide during primary production, releasing oxygen in the process. This process occurs most quickly in ecosystems with high amounts of growth, such as in young forests. Because carbon is consumed in the process of autotrophic growth, more carbon is consumed in spring and summer during daytime than in winter and at night, when photosynthesis no longer takes place in most

Terrestrial biological carbon cycle The carbon cycle is an essential part of life on Earth. About half the dry weight of most living organisms is carbon. It plays an important role in the structure, biochemistry, and nutrition of all living cells. Living biomass holds between 600 and 1,000 gigatons of carbon, most of which is wood, while some 1,200 gigatons of carbon are stored in the terrestrial biosphere as dead biomass. Carbon is cycled through the terrestrial biosphere with varying speeds, depending on what form it is stored in and under which circumstances. It is exchanged most quickly with the

atmosphere exists in two main forms: carbon dioxide and methane. Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect. Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide, but it exists in much lower concentrations and is more short-lived than carbon dioxide, making carbon dioxide the more important greenhouse gas of the two. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere primarily through photosynthesis and enters the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres. Carbon dioxide also dissolves directly from the atmosphere into bodies of water (ocean, lakes, etc.), as

carbon, while heterotrophs receive carbon by consuming other organisms. Because carbon uptake in the terrestrial biosphere is dependent on biotic factors, it follows a diurnal and seasonal cycle. In measurements, this feature is apparent in the Keeling curve. It is strongest in the northern hemisphere because this hemisphere has more land mass than the southern hemisphere and thus more room for ecosystems to absorb and emit carbon. Carbon leaves the terrestrial biosphere in several ways and on different time scales. The combustion or respiration of organic carbon releases it rapidly into the atmosphere. It can also be exported into the

"Star Trek: Discovery"
choice of directors, to set design, to the special effects."" Ted Sullivan also joined the series to serve as supervising writing producer. At CBS's 2017 upfront presentation, CBS Interactive president Marc DeBevoise confirmed a ""fall"" release date for the series, and announced that the episode order for the first season had been expanded to 15 episodes. In June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24, 2017, with the season airing through November 2017, and then beginning again in January 2018. This break gave more time to complete post-production on the second half of the season. Also that month,

through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will

first season, while Berg and Harberts were fired by CBS during production on the second; Kurtzman took over as sole showrunner. ""Star Trek: Discovery"" premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15-episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance. A 14-episode second season was ordered in October 2017, and is set to premiere on January 17, 2019. Set roughly ten years before the events

"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)"
188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was broadcast on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channels Space (English) and Z (French) before being streamed on CraveTV, with subsequent episodes just broadcast or streamed through Space, Z, and CraveTV. In the other countries, Netflix will release each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. This agreement also saw Bell and Netflix acquire all previous ""Star Trek"" series to stream in their entirety. After reviewing the episode ""Choose Your Pain"", Space chose to air it uncensored despite its use

expected to draw. After the series' premiere, Kurtzman said that the producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates and having to delay those for any future seasons, due to the external pressure that caused with the first season, but that he hoped a second season would be available in early 2019. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, for 13 episodes. Goldsman did not return for the season after clashing with the series' writing staff during production on the first, and in June 2018, when production on the second season was underway, CBS fired Berg and Harberts. This

was announced in November 2015, and Bryan Fuller joined as showrunner the next February. After disagreements with CBS over the direction of the show, and struggles with other commitments, Fuller left the series; Berg and Harberts took over day-to-day production using a mythology and broad story arc established by Fuller. The Klingon species was redesigned for the season, and its culture and biology was greatly developed. The season premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS on September 24. The premiere episode was also made available on CBS All Access, where the rest of the 15-episode

the PaleyFest television festival and at New York Comic Con. ""Star Trek: Discovery"" premiered at the ArcLight Hollywood on September 19, 2017. The first episode aired in a ""preview broadcast"" on CBS in the United States on September 24, and was made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access through November 5. The second chapter streamed from January 7 to February 11, 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another

Daisies"", to serve as co-showrunners with him. A month later, he and Kurtzman asked CBS to delay the series' release so they could meet the high expectations for it, and the studio pushed the series premiere back to May 2017."" At the end of October, CBS asked Fuller to step down as showrunner, and announced a restructuring of the production: Berg and Harberts were made sole showrunners, working from a broad story arc and overall mythology established by Fuller; Kurtzman and Fuller would continue as executive producers, but with Fuller moving his attention fully to ""American Gods""; and Akiva Goldsman

"Discovery Channel"
be ""eaten alive"" by an anaconda. It aired on December 7, 2014. When the special aired, the anaconda attacked Rosolie but did not swallow him, as its title had implied, prompting numerous complaints of a bait and switch. ""Naked and Afraid"" is an active series that first premiered on June 23, 2013. One man and one woman are thrown alone into the wild with nothing and left to survive. Though the show blurs some of the bodies of the actors, they are fully naked which sparked a controversy and received critical reception. Focus on the Family's PluggedIn gave it a

being scientifically inaccurate. , Discovery Channel is available to approximately 94,456,000 pay television households in the United States. John Hendricks founded the channel and its parent company, Cable Educational Network Inc., in 1982. Several investors (including the BBC, Allen & Company and Venture America) raised $5 million in start-up capital to launch the network. The Discovery Channel began broadcasting on June 17, 1985. It was initially available to 156,000 households and broadcast for 12 hours each day between 3 p.m. and 3 a.m. About 75 percent of its program content had never been broadcast on U.S. television before. In its

"Historical impacts of climate change"
separation of their culture. As a consequence of increased temperature, the expansion of the Mediterranean woodlands occurred approximately 13,000 years ago; with that expansion came a shift to sedentary foraging adopted by the surrounding population. Thus, a migration toward the higher-elevation woodlands took place and remained constant for nearly 2,000 years. This era ended when the climate became more arid and the Mediterranean forest shrank 11,000 years ago. Upon this change, some of the Natufian populations nearest sustainable land transitioned into an agricultural way of life; sustainable land was primarily near water sources. Those groups that did not reside near

"Climate change"
a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases than currently exist. Over the following approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed. The Great Oxygenation Event—oxygenation of the atmosphere around 2.4 billion years ago—was the most notable alteration. Over the next five billion years from the present, the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a red giant and then a white dwarf will have large effects on climate, with the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until that time. Solar output varies on shorter time

"Great Oxygenation Event"
Great Oxygenation Event The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O) in Earth's atmosphere. Geological, isotopic, and chemical evidence suggests that this major environmental change happened around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga), during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The causes of the event remain unclear. , the geochemical and biomarker evidence for the development of oxygenic photosynthesis before the Great

An example of this occurred during the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse (CRC), an extinction event 300 million years ago. At this time vast rainforests covered the equatorial region of Europe and America. Climate change devastated these tropical rainforests, abruptly fragmenting the habitat into isolated 'islands' and causing the extinction of many plant and animal species. Such stress can alter the growth rate of trees, which allows scientists to infer climate trends by analyzing the growth rate of tree rings. This branch of climate science is called dendroclimatology, and is one of the many ways they research climate trends prior to written

tribes in Historical China, and the Natufian culture in the Levant all display migration reactions due to climactic change. In northern Peru and central Chile climate change is cited as the driving force in a series of migration patterns from about 15,000 B.C. to approximately 4,500 B.C. Between 11,800 B.C. and 10,500 B.C. evidence suggests seasonal migration from high to low elevation by the natives while conditions permitted a humid environment to persist in both areas. Around 9,000 B.C. the lakes that periodically served as a home to the natives dried up and were abandoned until 4,500 B.C. This period

"Timeline of environmental history"
period). Sea levels rose dramatically (and are continuing to do so), land that was depressed by glaciers began lifting up again, forests and deserts expanded, and the climate gradually became more modern. In the process of warming up, the planet saw several ""cold snaps"" and ""warm snaps"", such as the Older Dryas and the Holocene climatic optimum, as well as heavier precipitation. In addition, the Pleistocene megafauna became extinct due to environmental and evolutionary pressures from the changing climate. This marked the end of the Quaternary extinction event, which was continued into the modern era by humans. The time around

Monitoring Service collects data annually on glacier retreat and glacier mass balance. From this data, glaciers worldwide have been found to be shrinking significantly, with strong glacier retreats in the 1940s, stable or growing conditions during the 1920s and 1970s, and again retreating from the mid-1980s to the present. The most significant climate processes since the middle to late Pliocene (approximately 3 million years ago) are the glacial and interglacial cycles. The present interglacial period (the Holocene) has lasted about 11,700 years. Shaped by orbital variations, responses such as the rise and fall of continental ice sheets and significant sea-level

Oxidation Event has been mostly inconclusive. Oceanic cyanobacteria, which evolved into coordinated (but not multicellular or even colonial) macroscopic forms more than 2.3 billion years ago (approximately 200 million years before the GOE), were the first microbes to produce oxygen by photosynthesis. Before the GOE, any free oxygen they produced was chemically captured by dissolved iron or by organic matter. The GOE started when oxygen produced by the cyanobacteria started escaping into the atmosphere, after other oxygen reservoirs were filled. The increased production of oxygen set Earth's original atmosphere off-balance. Free oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobic organisms, and the

"Atmosphere of Earth"
temperature record of Earth – with the exception of one cold glacial phase about 2.4 billion years ago. In the late Archean Eon an oxygen-containing atmosphere began to develop, apparently produced by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria (see Great Oxygenation Event), which have been found as stromatolite fossils from 2.7 billion years ago. The early basic carbon isotopy (isotope ratio proportions) strongly suggests conditions similar to the current, and that the fundamental features of the carbon cycle became established as early as 4 billion years ago. Ancient sediments in the Gabon dating from between about 2,150 and 2,080 million years ago provide a

"Mycorrhizae and changing climate"
complex ecosystem than was present in the Triassic period and further pushing evolution in plants and mycorrhizae via ever-present natural selection. There is plenty of plant evidence to support most of these findings; however, the information necessary to form hypotheses regarding the mycorrhizae of the time, as well as other related symbioses, is incredibly limited as the fossilization of such individuals is very rare. The third wave of evolutionary diversification began in the Paleogene Period (24–75 million years ago) and is closely linked with change in climate and soil conditions. The conditions that caused these changes are mostly due to

"Area code 928"
western and northern fringes of the Phoenix metropolitan area such as Lake Pleasant Regional Park in Peoria also fall within this area code. Area code 928 North American area code 928 is a telephone area code in the state of Arizona that was created in a split from area code 520 on June 23, 2001, due mainly to population gains in Tucson, Yuma and Flagstaff. 928 covers northern, eastern, and western portions of Arizona. The area code encompasses areas such as Beaver Dam, the Grand Canyon, Flagstaff, Holbrook, Lake Havasu City, Littlefield, Kingman, Prescott, Wickenburg, Winslow and Yuma, also serving

Area code 928 North American area code 928 is a telephone area code in the state of Arizona that was created in a split from area code 520 on June 23, 2001, due mainly to population gains in Tucson, Yuma and Flagstaff. 928 covers northern, eastern, and western portions of Arizona. The area code encompasses areas such as Beaver Dam, the Grand Canyon, Flagstaff, Holbrook, Lake Havasu City, Littlefield, Kingman, Prescott, Wickenburg, Winslow and Yuma, also serving the majority of Greenlee County. The Arizona portion of the Navajo Nation is served by the 928 area code. Some areas on the

"Area code 602"
Area code 602 North American area code 602 is a state of Arizona telephone area code that covers most of the city of Phoenix. It was one of the original area codes established in October 1947 and originally covered the entire state of Arizona until 1995, when area code 520 was established as the state's second area code. Arizona's explosive population growth during the second half of the 20th century would have made a split necessary in any event. However, the increased demand for telephone lines created by the proliferation of fax machines, cell phones and dial-up Internet connections brought

areas of the metro area. And it is the only million-plus populated area where 7-digit dialling would still be possible. Area code 602 North American area code 602 is a state of Arizona telephone area code that covers most of the city of Phoenix. It was one of the original area codes established in October 1947 and originally covered the entire state of Arizona until 1995, when area code 520 was established as the state's second area code. Arizona's explosive population growth during the second half of the 20th century would have made a split necessary in any event. However,

"Area code 623"
to 63rd Ave & Interstate 10, then south along 63rd Ave to the Salt River and then the Gila River Indian Reservation. The 602/623 boundary runs roughly diagonally through northern Glendale. Area code 623 North American area code 623 is a state of Arizona telephone area code serving most of the western portion of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was created in a split from area code 602 on April 1, 1999, when it was evident that the Valley of the Sun was expanding too rapidly to remain in one area code. Generally, the West Valley and the outer northwestern

Area code 623 North American area code 623 is a state of Arizona telephone area code serving most of the western portion of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was created in a split from area code 602 on April 1, 1999, when it was evident that the Valley of the Sun was expanding too rapidly to remain in one area code. Generally, the West Valley and the outer northwestern suburbs became 623, the eastern suburbs and the Phoenix neighborhood of Ahwatukee became area code 480, and inner Phoenix remained in 602. 623 covers areas including Glendale (except the section north

of the Arizona Canal and south of Union Hills, which remained in 602), Peoria (except northwest near Vistancia and Lake Pleasant, which is in 928), Sun City, Sun City West, El Mirage, Surprise, Youngtown, Avondale, Cashion, Tolleson, Goodyear, and Buckeye, as well as some of western Phoenix, specifically the city north of Union Hills and west of the 2000 E Grid, south of the Arizona Canal from 43rd Ave to 39th Ave, west of 39th Ave from the Arizona Canal south to Maryland Ave, along 43rd Ave from Maryland to Indian School, diagonally southwest from 43rd Ave & Indian School

"Area code 480"
Area code 480 North American area code 480 is a telephone area code in Arizona serving the eastern and northern portions of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was created on April 1, 1999, in a three-way split of area code 602, when it was apparent that the Valley of the Sun was growing too fast for it to remain entirely in one area code. Generally, 480 is coextensive with the East Valley, while most of the West Valley is area code 623 and most of Phoenix itself remained in 602. By the turn of the millennium, 602 was running out

"Area codes 801 and 385"
Area codes 801 and 385 Area codes 801 and 385 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan serving Salt Lake City and the four surrounding counties of the Wasatch Front in north-central Utah. The numbering plan area covers Davis, Morgan, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties. Besides Salt Lake City, major towns and cities within the area are Alta, Bountiful, Layton, Murray, Ogden, Orem, Provo, Sandy, South Jordan, Spanish Fork, Taylorsville, West Jordan, and West Valley City. This numbering plan area is located in the Mountain Time Zone. Area code 801 was one of the original area codes

"Area codes 512 and 737"
keep 512 would be less disruptive. On February 13, 1999, the 512 area code was reduced to its current size when the southern portion (including Corpus Christi) became 361. To stave off exhaustion by the end of 2013, area code 737 was introduced as an overlay of 512 in July 2013. Ten-digit dialing within the 512 territory was phased in beginning December 2012 and made mandatory since June 2013. Area codes 512 and 737 serve the following municipalities: Area codes 512 and 737 512 and 737 are North American telephone area codes serving Austin, Texas, and its suburbs. Counties currently

Apostles
Apostles In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles (), particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity. During the life and ministry of Jesus in the 1st century AD, the apostles were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of the gospel message of Jesus. The word ""disciple"" is sometimes used interchangeably with ""apostle""; for instance, the Gospel of John makes no distinction between the two terms. In modern usage, prominent missionaries are often called apostles, a practice which stems from the

Apostles
scholarly consensus emphasises the many contradictions between Acts and the authentic Pauline letters. The most probable date for its composition is around 80–110 AD, and there is evidence that it was still being revised well into the 2nd century. Apostles In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles (), particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity. During the life and ministry of Jesus in the 1st century AD, the apostles were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of the gospel message

Jesus
First, he attributed them to the faith of those healed. Second, he connected them to end times prophecy. Jesus chose twelve disciples (the ""Twelve""), evidently as an apocalyptic message. All three Synoptics mention the Twelve, although the names on Luke's list vary from those in Mark and Matthew, suggesting that Christians were not certain who all the disciples were. The 12 disciples might have represented the twelve original tribes of Israel, which would be restored once God's rule was instituted. The disciples were reportedly meant to be the rulers of the tribes in the coming Kingdom (Matthew 19:28, Luke 22:30).

"Matthew 10:1"
the disciples, but one fact they are agreed upon is that there were twelve. This could be evidence for the historicity of their being twelve original followers of Jesus. The number twelve also had deep social and religious significance. The number creates a metaphorical link to the Twelve Tribes of Israel. At the time most Jewish leaders believed that the messiah would bring about an eschatological restoration of the tribes. This link is made explicit at . The Qumran community, which produced the Dead Sea Scrolls, also had a group of twelve leaders, perhaps for similar reasons. In the culture

Apostles
""sheliach"" (). This ecclesiastical meaning of the word was later translated into Latin as """", the source of the English ""missionary"". In the New Testament, the majority of the apostles have Hebrew names, although some have Greek names. Many Jews at the time had Latin or Greek names as well as Hebrew names. Later in the Gospel narratives the twelve apostles are described as having been commissioned to preach the Gospel to ""all the nations"", regardless of whether Jew or Gentile. Paul emphasized the important role of the apostles in the church of God when he said that the household

"Matthew 10"
autou""). Verse 2 calls them ""the twelve apostles"": Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. ""(King James Version)"" Verse 5 refers to them simply as ""the twelve"". New King James Version Cross reference: Mark 6:8–9; Luke 9:3 This the Jews call (lymrt), ""tarmil"": and which their commentators say, is

Apostles
recorded in the Synoptic Gospels. After his resurrection, Jesus sent eleven of them (minus Judas Iscariot, who by then had died) by the Great Commission to spread his teachings to all nations. This event is commonly called the Dispersion of the Apostles. There is also an Eastern Christian tradition derived from the Gospel of Luke of there having been as many as 70 apostles during the time of Jesus' ministry. Prominent figures in early Christianity, notably Paul, were often called apostles, even though their ministry or mission came after the life of Jesus. The period of early Christianity during the

Apostles
Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists ""Judas the son of James"" instead of ""Thaddeus"". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to ""the Twelve"" (), the gospel does not present any elaboration of who these twelve actually were, and the author of the Gospel of John does not mention them all by name. There is also no separation of the terms ""apostles"" and ""disciples"" in John. In Luke (10:38–42), Mary, sister of Lazarus, is

to have been remembered outside Jewish Christian circles"". Matthew names the twelve apostles, or ""twelve disciples"", in verses 1 to 4 and the remainder of the chapter consists almost entirely of sayings attributed to Jesus. In this chapter, Jesus sends out the apostles to heal and preach throughout the region and gives them careful instruction. Many of the sayings found in Matthew 10 are also found in Luke 10 and the Gospel of Thomas, which is not found in the accepted canon of the New Testament. The text in verse 1 refers to ""his twelve disciples"" (, ""tous dodeka mathetas

Apostles
Jesus appointed them and sent them out in pairs on a specific mission which is detailed in the text. In Western Christianity, they are usually referred to as disciples, whereas in Eastern Christianity they are usually referred to as Apostles. Using the original Greek words, both titles are descriptive, as an ""apostle"" is one sent on a mission (the Greek uses the verb form: ""apesteilen"") whereas a ""disciple"" is a student, but the two traditions differ on the scope of the words ""apostle"" and ""disciple"". The Gospel of Matthew is anonymous: the author is not named within the text, and

Popcorn
became popular. Thus, while other businesses failed, the popcorn business thrived and became a source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before. The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies

Popcorn
in John Russell Bartlett's 1848 ""Dictionary of Americanisms"". Popcorn is an ingredient in Cracker Jack, and in the early years of the product, it was popped by hand. Popcorn's accessibility increased rapidly in the 1890s with Charles Cretors' invention of the popcorn maker. Cretors, a Chicago candy store owner, created a number of steam powered machines for roasting nuts, and applied the technology to the corn kernels. By the turn of the century, Cretors had created and deployed street carts equipped with steam powered popcorn makers. During the Great Depression, popcorn was fairly inexpensive at 5–10 cents a bag and

"Samuel M. Rubin"
theater chains and Broadway theatres, as well as several sports stadiums, Central Park, and the Empire State Building. He also owned about 10 movie theaters. Samuel M. Rubin Samuel M. Rubin (May 24, 1918 – February 5, 2004) was a concessionaire and businessman. He is best known for introducing popcorn to movie theaters in New York in the 1930s, earning him the nickname ""Sam the Popcorn Man"". He sold pretzels at age 6 and flags at 9. He started selling popcorn in Long Island City, New York and then at the age of 12 starting selling in theaters. He is

Popcorn
recipe and introduced it as Cracker Jack popcorn in 1896. Cretors's invention introduced the first patented steam-driven popcorn machine that popped corn in oil. Previously, vendors popped corn by holding a wire basket over an open flame. At best, the result was a hot, dry, unevenly cooked snack. Cretors's machine popped corn in a mixture of one-third clarified butter, two-thirds lard, and salt. This mixture can withstand the temperature needed to pop corn and it produces little smoke. A fire under a boiler created steam that drove a small engine; that engine drove the gears, shaft, and agitator that stirred

Samuel M. Rubin Samuel M. Rubin (May 24, 1918 – February 5, 2004) was a concessionaire and businessman. He is best known for introducing popcorn to movie theaters in New York in the 1930s, earning him the nickname ""Sam the Popcorn Man"". He sold pretzels at age 6 and flags at 9. He started selling popcorn in Long Island City, New York and then at the age of 12 starting selling in theaters. He is the probable pioneer of the widespread use of popcorn machines in theaters. Rubin got the idea after watching popcorn being made in Oklahoma City around

"Popcorn maker"
Popcorn maker A popcorn maker (also called a popcorn popper) is a machine used to pop popcorn. Since ancient times, popcorn has been a popular snack food, produced through the explosive expansion of kernels of heated corn (maize). Commercial large scale popcorn machines were invented by Charles Cretors in the late 19th century. Many types of small scale home methods for popping corn also exist. Commercial popcorn machines are commonly found in movie theaters and carnivals, producing popcorn in a pan of hot oil, which has approximately 45% of its calories derived from fat. Hot air popcorn poppers appeared for

Popcorn
some wild types will pop, the cultivated strain is ""Zea mays everta,"" which is a special kind of flint corn. Popcorn can be cooked with butter or oil. Although small quantities can be popped in a stove-top kettle or pot in a home kitchen, commercial sale of freshly popped popcorn employs specially designed popcorn machines, which were invented in Chicago, Illinois, by Charles Cretors in 1885. Cretors successfully introduced his invention at the Columbian Exposition in 1893. At this same world's fair, F.W. Rueckheim introduced a molasses-flavored ""Candied Popcorn,"" the first caramel corn; his brother, Louis Ruekheim, slightly altered the

Popcorn
these. The six major types of corn are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. Corn was first domesticated about 10,000 years ago in what is now Mexico. Archaeologists discovered that people have known about popcorn for thousands of years. In Mexico, for example, remnants of popcorn have been found that date to around 3600 BC. Popping of the kernels was achieved by hand on the stove-top through the 19th century. Kernels were sold on the East Coast of the United States under names such as ""Pearls"" or ""Nonpareil"". The term ""popped corn"" first appeared

"Gershon Kingsley"
famous for his influential electronic instrumental composition ""Popcorn"". His work garnered recognition with a Tony Award nomination for Best Conductor and Musical Director, two Clio Awards for his work in advertising, and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Bob Moog Foundation. Gershon Kingsley was born Götz Gustav Ksinski in Bochum, Germany, in 1922, to a Jewish father and a Catholic mother. He grew up in Berlin where his parents ran a large carpet shop. They had originally met in Essen, when Gustav Ksinski, visiting from Berlin on a business trip, had dropped in to a wine bar managed by two

led to the next, Cretors discovered he had a passion for how things worked. As an addition to the confectionery shop, Cretors purchased a peanut roaster to broaden his offerings to include fresh roasted peanuts. Not satisfied with how the machine worked, he redesigned it to work better. It was at this time that Cretors moved his wife and family to Chicago where he felt he could become a commercial success by selling his new machine. It was 1885. Cretors wanted to test his new roaster under everyday conditions, and he also needed money. So, he purchased a vendor's license

be decided by officers. The full Committee is expected to receive monitoring reports. The Committee is not regarded as quasi-judicial ( Hope and Glory Public House Ltd, R v City of Westminster Magistrates Court & Ors [2011] EWCA Civ 31). The Committee should make its decisions in accordance with the principles of natural justice and with regard to the Human Rights Act 1998 (Articles 1, 6 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights are likely to be engaged). It has been suggested that councillors should not be involved in any way in decisions on premises in their ward,

"Local Government Regulation"
Local Government Regulation Local Government Regulation is one of the six bodies that form the Local Government Group overseen by the Local Government Association (LGA). It provides advice and guidance to a number of regulatory services in the United Kingdom. The organisation provides guidance notes at its website and appoints some Local Authority experts as 'Lead Officers', contacts who will advise other officers. It was originally established in 1978 as Local Authorities Coordination of Trading Standards (LACOTS), supporting and attempting to ensure uniform enforcement by the Local Authority based Trading Standards departments. Since 1991 it has also expanded to cover

"Licensing trust"
portfolios. Trustees for each licensing trust are elected by the community every three years at the triennial local government elections. Generally six trustees are elected, but some trusts with a ward system may have up to nine. The elective nature of governance provides a direct link to the community, and accountability thereto. Areas do not automatically vote on whether to keep trusts, if they have them, or to establish them if they do not. However, if the trust's board so resolve, or 15% of the electors in a trust area petition for it, a referendum will be held on whether

Licensing Act 2003 The Licensing Act 2003 (c 17) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act establishes a single integrated scheme for licensing premises in England and Wales (only) which are used for the sale or supply of alcohol, to provide regulated entertainment, or to provide late night refreshment. Permission to carry on some or all of these licensable activities is now contained in a single licence — the premises licence — replacing several different and complex schemes. Responsibility for issuing licences now rests with local authorities, specifically London boroughs, Metropolitan boroughs, unitary authorities, and

"Advertising Self-Regulatory Council"
Children's Advertising (the Guidelines), which hold advertisers to strict standards. CARU routinely monitors advertisements found in broadcast and cable TV, radio, children’s magazines, comic books, the Internet and mobile services for compliance with its Guidelines. When ads are found to be misleading, inaccurate or inconsistent with its Guidelines, CARU initiates an inquiry and examines the advertising to ensure compliance with the Guidelines. If an ad is found to be non-compliant, CARU seeks discontinuance or correction. The results of CARU inquiries are publicly recorded in the NAD/CARU Case Reports. CARU also handles advertiser challenges and consumer complaints. In 1996, CARU added

Licensing trust A licensing trust under New Zealand law is a community-owned company with a government-authorised monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages and associated accommodation in an area. This applies to both on-licence and off-licence sales. The Invercargill Licensing Trust (ILT) in 1944 was the first such body, and remains the highest profile example. Most other trusts have been small by comparison, but several have now created a jointly-owned management company, Trust House Limited, and the assets and payouts of this are very similar to that of the ILT. The uniqueness of licensing

decile schools in the area; establishment at Bill McKinley Park of artificial turf for soccer and other community sporting activities, and assistance in developing the Auckland Netball Courts over the past five years which is now one of the largest sporting facilities in Auckland. Licensing trust A licensing trust under New Zealand law is a community-owned company with a government-authorised monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages and associated accommodation in an area. This applies to both on-licence and off-licence sales. The Invercargill Licensing Trust (ILT) in 1944 was the first such body, and

"Neighbourhood Forum"
Neighbourhood Forum Neighbourhood Forums are a construct of Local government in England and are defined in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 as a body that organises the production of a neighbourhood plan. Where town or parish councils exist those bodies may apply to the local planning authority (usually a district or borough council) for the devolution of neighbourhood planning powers. Where an area is ""unparished"" (usually because it is within a city or urban area) then local people may seek to create a neighbourhood forum and then apply to the local planning authority for its formal ""designation"". A

notion of ‘24 hour drinking’."" On 8 November 2007 the Department for Culture, Media and Sport reported that there were 176,400 licensed premises in England and Wales. Only 5,100 premises have 24 hour licences, most of which (65 per cent) are hotel bars. Only 460 pubs, bars or nightclubs have 24 hour licences. Licensing Act 2003 The Licensing Act 2003 (c 17) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act establishes a single integrated scheme for licensing premises in England and Wales (only) which are used for the sale or supply of alcohol, to provide regulated

"Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)"
Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series) Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American educational animated children's television series, based upon Norman Bridwell's children's book series of the same name. Produced by Scholastic Productions, it originally aired on PBS Kids from September 4, 2000 to February 25, 2003. The UK version (where it was dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original American soundtrack) originally aired on BBC 2 on 1 April 2002. John Ritter voiced Clifford in all episodes. This was originally done by Brent Titcomb in the 1988 direct-to-video series. Generally speaking, Ritter's schedule dictated the production

"Clifford the Big Red Dog"
Clifford the Big Red Dog Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American children's book series about a giant red dog named Clifford. It was first published in 1963 and was written by Norman Bridwell (1928–2014). Bridwell himself had a dog he based the stories on, however his pet canine was neither big nor red. The series helped establish Scholastic as a premier publishing company, and Clifford himself is Scholastic's official mascot. In 1988, Scholastic Studios, Mendelson-Melendez Productions, Nelvana, Wang Film Productions, and Family Home Entertainment released ""Clifford's Fun with..."", a videotape series with the theme song by Phillip Namanworth

John Goodman as George Wolfsbottom, and Jenna Elfman as Dorothy the Cow. The film also serves as the series finale. Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series) Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American educational animated children's television series, based upon Norman Bridwell's children's book series of the same name. Produced by Scholastic Productions, it originally aired on PBS Kids from September 4, 2000 to February 25, 2003. The UK version (where it was dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original American soundtrack) originally aired on BBC 2 on 1 April 2002. John Ritter voiced Clifford in all

"Norman Bridwell"
Norman Bridwell Norman Ray Bridwell (February 15, 1928 – December 12, 2014) was an American author and cartoonist best known for the ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"" book series. Bridwell was born on February 15, 1928 in Kokomo, Indiana, to Leona and Vern Bridwell. He graduated from Kokomo High School in 1945, and went on to attend John Herron School of Art in Indianapolis, and Cooper Union, in New York City. Bridwell put together a portfolio and attempted to get a job as a children's book illustrator but was rejected by around fifteen publishing houses. While at Harper & Row,

serves as the series finale due to Ritter's death, as no new episodes were made to continue from where it left off. However, ""Clifford's Puppy Days"" still continued to air until its cancellation in 2006. On May 16, 2018, Scholastic announced a reboot of the series and is scheduled for a late 2019 premiere concurrently on PBS Kids and Amazon Prime. Two 15-minute stories made up each half-hour episode. Usually one story featured Clifford and his canine friends, Cleo and T-Bone among them; the other story would focus on Clifford's owner Emily Elizabeth and her friends. During scenes focusing on

"Clifford's Puppy Days"
Clifford's Puppy Days Clifford's Puppy Days is an American animated children's television series that originally aired on both PBS and PBS Kids from September 15, 2003 to February 23, 2006. A prequel to the original ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"", it features the adventures of Clifford during his puppy days before he became a big red dog and before moving to Birdwell Island. The series was cancelled in February 2006 following low ratings, with very few PBS stations re-running it afterwards. Since then, occasional reruns continue to air. In the UK the show aired on CBeebies from 2004 to early

well as a son named Timothy. At the time of his death, they had three grandchildren. The Bridwells resided in Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard, from 1969 until his death. Bridwell died of heart failure at 86 on December 12, 2014. His funeral was held at the Federated Church on South Summer street in Edgartown. His ashes were given to his son, Timothy. Norman Bridwell Norman Ray Bridwell (February 15, 1928 – December 12, 2014) was an American author and cartoonist best known for the ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"" book series. Bridwell was born on February 15, 1928 in Kokomo,

"Clifford (character)"
Clifford (character) Clifford is the main protagonist of the ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"" book series, written by Norman Bridwell, and originally published in 1963, and the television series of the same name, which is based upon it, and ran from 2000-2003. Clifford is a giant, friendly red dog who is owned by a young girl named Emily Elizabeth. The book of his debut, as narrated by his owner, detailed Clifford's versatility, great helpfulness, and his friendship with his friends, albeit as the books progressed they detailed his many experiences with Emily Elizabeth and adventures (such as gaining temporary celebrity

and Benjamin Goldstein. These episodes include the following: ""The ABC Message Service"", ""Clifford's Birthday Surprise"", ""The Scavenger Hunt"", ""The Rhyme Cat Rescue"", ""Clifford Goes to Hollywood"", and ""The Pet Show"". Brent Titcomb voiced Clifford, and Emily Elizabeth was voiced by Alyson Court. Karl-Lorimar Home Video released the video ""Clifford's Sing Along Adventure"" around the same time. Warner Home Video re-released it in the mid-1990s. Scholastic Studios produced a 65-episode adaptation shown on PBS Kids, which aired from September 2000 to February 2003. Clifford was voiced by actor John Ritter, and Emily Elizabeth was voiced by Grey DeLisle. There was also

the dog character's perspective, human speech would replace barking to engage viewers in the storyline from the dogs' point of view. This series was produced by Mike Young Productions and Scholastic Studios. The TV series takes place in the fictional island of Birdwell Island, where Clifford lives. The name is inspired by Norman Bridwell, the author of the books, but the letters I and R are switched. It is based on Martha's Vineyard, where Bridwell lived. Emily Elizabeth used to live in an apartment in New York City, but she moved away with her parents and Clifford to Birdwell Island

"Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir"
each one on EBS1. Disney Channel in South Korea has also aired the series as of 7 December 2015. In France, the series premiered on 19 October 2015 on the Tfou programming block on TF1. In the United States, the series debuted on Nickelodeon on 6 December 2015. As of 2017 on Cartoon Network and on KidsClick programming block would later broadcast the series on 3 July 2017. In Canada, the French version of the series was premiered on 9 January 2016 on Télé-Québec, a provincial public service television network in Quebec. In English Canada, the series premiered on Family

2016 on TVNZ's TV2. In Japan, Disney Channel streamed the episode ""Stormy Weather"" through its mobile application on 1 July 2018, before the official premiere on 23 July in the same year. The second season premiere is scheduled for a global launch around September–November 2017 in Europe, At a panel at San Diego Comic-Con 2017, it was announced that the second season would have its North American release on Netflix in December 2017, with 13 episodes to be released. KidsClick will start airing season 2 of this show in the US starting 30 August 2018, marking the first time that

Channel on 1 November 2016. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on 30 January 2016 on Disney Channel The first series was also made available to Netflix subscribers in the UK. Among the free-to-air terrestrial television broadcasters in the Republic of Ireland, Raidió Teilifís Éireann premiered the show in 2018 on RTÉ2's teenage programming block, TRTÉ. In Australia, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation released the show on its ABC iview streaming service on 1 January 2016, and premiered the show on its linear channel ABC3 on 22 March 2016. In New Zealand, the show premiered on 27 April

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (; also known as Miraculous Ladybug or Miraculous) is a CGI superhero animated series produced by French studios Zagtoon and Method Animation in collaboration with De Agostini S.p.A in Italy, Toei Animation in Japan and SAMG Animation in South Korea. The series features two Parisian teenagers, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste, who transform into the superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir, respectively, to protect the city from supervillains. Prior to its debut in France on 19 October 2015 on TF1, the series was first shown in South

rights in Europe, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, and free-to-air rights in Spain, Germany, Russia and Turkey. South Korea was the first country to premiere ""Ladybug"", with girl group Fiestar to sing its translated theme song. It aired on 1 September 2015 on EBS1, and ran for 13 episodes until November 2015, with repeats through February 2016, and its second half of the season airing from 1 March 2016. SK Broadband, having participated in the production, provided the episodes on video on demand exclusively to subscribers of their IPTV platform B TV, about a half-hour following the South Korean broadcast of

Korea on 1 September 2015 on EBS1. In the United States, the series debuted on Nickelodeon on 6 December. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on 30 January 2016 on Disney Channel. A Christmas special was released in 2016 and the second season premiered in French on TF1 and in English on Disney Channel UK in 2017. Netflix acquired the U.S. video-on-demand streaming rights and further seasons are in production. Set in modern-day Paris, the series focuses on teenagers Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste. When evil arises, Marinette transforms into her superhero persona Ladybug, while Adrien transforms

Season 2 of this show airing on American over-the-air television. A third season is also in development. On 22 January 2018, Zag posted on Instagram that the crew was working on a fourth and fifth season. On 31 August premiered a new series with Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir which this time is in chibi style. On 5 September 2018, Skydance Media has acquired the live-action film and live-action television rights. Kimberly Cooper, a blog writer who has contributed to news media such as ""The Huffington Post"", wrote that the show has inspired teens and adults to create

Zag has announced that the film was no longer in production due to protests against Emmanuel Macron, instead being replaced with a currently untitled animated musical film slated for 2021 like Japan's Magical Girl Spec-Ops Asuka. Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (; also known as Miraculous Ladybug or Miraculous) is a CGI superhero animated series produced by French studios Zagtoon and Method Animation in collaboration with De Agostini S.p.A in Italy, Toei Animation in Japan and SAMG Animation in South Korea. The series features two Parisian teenagers, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien

"The Miracle Season"
and McNamara previously worked together on the similarly-themed film ""Soul Surfer"". Filming took place in Vancouver, Canada. ""The Miracle Season"" premiered at the Englert Theatre in Iowa City, where the film is set, on March 18, 2018. It was released by LD Entertainment on April 6, 2018. In the United States and Canada, ""The Miracle Season"" was released alongside ""A Quiet Place"", ""Chappaquiddick"" and ""Blockers"", and as projected to gross around $3 million from 1,707 theaters in its opening weekend. It ended up debuting to $4.1 million, finishing 11th; 74% of its audience was female. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,

"Miracles of the Namiya General Store"
owner and sole manager of Namiya General Store, who take it upon himself to respond to every troubled letters of advice that comes his way. As he struggles with pancreatic cancer, he dedicates the remainder of his life to reply the letters, in hopes that he can change the course of someone's life for the better. The novel won the 7th . It has had sales of more than 1.6 million copies in China. A Japanese adaptation directed by Ryūichi Hiroki was released on 23 September 2017. A Chinese adaptation produced by Emperor Motion Pictures and Wanda Media was released

"Natural gas in the United States"
gas pipelines. The North American market, consisting of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, all connected by a common pipeline network, has had much lower gas prices in recent years than some other major world gas markets, such as Europe (since 2010), Japan (since 2008), and Korea. The United States is connected by pipeline to Canada and Mexico. The US has long imported large quantities of gas from Canada, and exported smaller quantities to some parts of eastern Canada. In 2014, the US imported 2,634 BCF from Canada, and exported 769 BCF, so that net imports from Canada totaled 1,865

was equivalent to 26 percent of the total US production in 2014. The small mid-summer increase shown on the consumption graph is due to increased gas use for electrical power in the summer. Unlike residential, commercial, and industrial use, all of which are higher in winter, electrical power generation uses more gas in the summer. From the processing plant, natural gas is sold mostly to gas utility companies. In 2014, 46% of the marketed gas was used by commercial and industrial users, 33% by electrical power generators, and 21% by residential consumers. Since 2009, electricity generation has been the largest

the world's largest ethylene-manufacturing capacity, 28.4 million tons per year in 2015, with projects to add another 7.6 million tons from 2015 through 2017. As of 2015, the reduction in NGL prices had turned North America from one of the high-cost places to manufacture petrochemical, into the lowest-cost area outside the Middle East. Some natural gas contains enough helium to be extracted as a byproduct. Sulfur, which must be removed from natural gas for safety, aesthetic, and environmental reasons, is recovered and sold as a byproduct. In 2013, natural gas processing plants recovered 1.02 million metric tons of sulfur, which

was 12 percent of US supply of elemental sulfur (the remaining sulfur production came from oil refineries). Consumption of natural gas in the US is strongly seasonal, higher in the winter than the summer by between 50% to 90%, depending on severity of the winter. To make larger volumes of gas available in the winter, companies have established underground gas storage facilities. There are three types of natural gas storage units currently in service in the US: salt domes, depleted gas reservoirs, and deep aquifers. The largest volume held in storage was 8.29 trillion cubic feet in October 2012. This

up 0.13 percent of natural gas consumption in 2014. The natural gas industry in the United States goes back to 1821, when natural gas was discovered and used in Fredonia, New York. From the start, the market for natural gas was limited by pipeline technology. The gas for Fredonia, New York in 1821 was supplied through wooden pipes, which were incapable of carrying gas for long distances. In the 1800s, residences in most cities were supplied with town gas generated from coal at local ""gashouses."" The gas was carried in cast iron pipes, introduced in 1843, typically with bell-and-spigot joints

pipelines were under construction to carry cheaper gas from Pennsylvania to New England. Natural gas in the United States Natural gas in the United States was the nation's largest source of energy production in 2016, representing 33 percent of all energy produced in the country. Natural gas has been the largest source of electrical generation in the United States since July 2015. The United States has been the world's largest producer of natural gas since 2009, when it surpassed Russia. In 2012, the United States produced 25.3 trillion cubic feet of marketed natural gas, with an average wellhead value of

Natural gas in the United States Natural gas in the United States was the nation's largest source of energy production in 2016, representing 33 percent of all energy produced in the country. Natural gas has been the largest source of electrical generation in the United States since July 2015. The United States has been the world's largest producer of natural gas since 2009, when it surpassed Russia. In 2012, the United States produced 25.3 trillion cubic feet of marketed natural gas, with an average wellhead value of $2.66 per thousand cubic feet, for a total wellhead value of $67.3 billion.

other gas fields, called ""dry gas"" fields, produce only gas. Of the top ten gas-producing fields in the US, only one, the Eagle Ford trend, is also among the top ten oil fields. Coalbed methane production in the US peaked at 1.97 BCF in 2008, when it made up 7.8 percent of US gas production. By 2013, coalbed methane production had declined to 1.47 BCF. Since 2000, shale gas has become a key source of natural gas in the US. Production rose sixfold from 2007 to 2013, when shale gas contributed 11.4 TCF, 38 percent of US gas production, and

a capacity of 0.2 BCF per day, is owned by ConocoPhillips, and has been exporting LNG since 1969. Most exported LNG went to Japan. The New England States are connected by pipeline to the rest of the US and to Canada, but the existing pipelines are insufficient to supply the winter demand. For this reason, a quarter of New England's demand for gas is supplied by more-expensive LNG. Four LNG import terminals serve New England, but most LNG imported to New England arrives through the Everett terminal in Boston, and the Canaport terminal in New Brunswick, Canada. As of 2015,

In 2013, the country produced 30.0 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of marketed gas. The leading gas-producing area in the United States in 2013 was Texas (7,545 Billion cubic feet (BCF), followed by Pennsylvania (3,259 BCF), and Louisiana (2,407 BCF). US Natural gas production achieved new record highs for each year from 2011 through 2015. Marketed natural gas production in 2015 was 28.8 trillion cubic feet, a 5.4% increase over 2014, and a 52% increase over the production of 18.9 trillion cubic feet per day in 2005. The natural gas industry includes exploration for, production, processing, transportation, storage, and marketing of

"Mohammed Rafi"
26,000. This prompted Rafi to write a letter, in protest, to Guinness. After receiving a reply from Guinness, in a letter dated 20 November 1979, he wrote, ""I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded."" In an interview to BBC recorded in November 1977, Rafi claimed to have sung 25,000 to 26,000 songs till then. After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of World Records gave Lata Mangeshkar's name for the ""Most Recordings"" and stated, ""Mohammad Rafi (d 1 August 1980) [sic] claimed to have recorded 28,000

"Lata Mangeshkar"
reportedly recorded ""not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus backed songs in 20 Indian languages"" between 1948 and 1974. Her record was contested by Mohammad Rafi, who was claimed to have sung around 28,000 songs. After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of World Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the ""Most Recordings"", but also stated Rafi's claim. The later editions of Guinness Book stated that Lata Mangeshkar had sung no fewer than 30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987. The entry was discontinued by Guinness editions in 1991 without explanation, while several sources continued to claim

"Playback singer"
until 1952 or 1953. Popular playback singers in India enjoy the same status as popular actors, and music directors, and they also receive wide public admiration. Most of the playback singers are initially trained in classical music, but they later often expand their range. Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia. The sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle, who have mainly worked in Hindi films, are often referred to as two of the best-known and prolific playback singers in India. In 2011, ""Guinness"" officially acknowledged Bhosle as the most

"Julio Iglesias"
Julio Iglesias Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (born 23 September 1943) () is a Spanish singer and songwriter. In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the Latin artist with the most records sold in history. Iglesias is recognized as the most commercially successful Continental European singer in the world and one of the top ten record sellers in music history, having sold more than 250 million records worldwide in 14 languages. It is estimated that during his career he has offered more than 5000 concerts,

"Capri Everitt"
Capri Everitt Capri Aliyah Everitt (born August 30, 2004) is a Canadian singer and children's activist who is best known for receiving a Guinness World Record for ""most national anthems sung in their host countries in one year."" Everitt sang the national anthem in 80 countries between 2015-2016 (though only 76 counted for the record). She was eleven years old at the end of the tour. Everitt sang each country's national anthem in its own language, singing in a total of 41 different languages. The purpose of the tour was to raise money and awareness for orphaned and abandoned children,

album was released only in India by Universal. During his last years, Rafi was involved in a controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's entry in the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated 11 June 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the highest number of songs (""not less than 25,000"" according to Guinness). Rafi, according to his fans, would have sung more songs than Lata – he being the senior of the two. They estimated the number of songs sung by Rafi to be anything from 25,000 to

"Thalía discography"
her first live album, ""Primera Fila"", which sold over 1,5 million copies worldwide, and remained in the Mexican charts for over 160 weeks, according to AMPROFON. In 2006 she received an award by her then record company EMI, for sales of more than 10 million copies with all her discography with the company. By 2008, she sold 1,374,000 in United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. To date, Thalía has sold over 50 million records worldwide, being considered one of the best-selling Latin musicians of all time by various media conglomerates. She has also sung in Portuguese, French and Tagalog, apart

that she recorded thousands of songs, with estimates ranging up to figures as large as 50,000. However, even the earliest Guinness claim of 25,000 songs (between 1948–1974) was disputed and claimed to have been exaggerated by several others, stating that the number of songs sung by Lata Mangeshkar in Hindi films till 1991 was found to be 5025. Mangeshkar herself has stated that she does not keep a record of the number of songs recorded by her, and that she did not know from where Guinness Book editors got their information. In 2011, the entry was revived by ""Guinness"" crediting

"Mariah Carey albums discography"
Mariah Carey albums discography American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey has released fifteen studio albums, one live album, three compilation albums, four greatest hits albums, one extended play, and one remix album. Carey is one of the best-selling music artists of all-time, having sold over 200 million records globally. She was presented with the Millennium Award at the 2000 World Music Awards for becoming the best-selling female artist of the millennium. According to the RIAA, she is the third best-selling female artist and sixteenth overall recording artist with shipments of 64 million albums in the US. She is also ranked

"All Time Top 1000 Albums"
in each edition of the book. In 1987, radio presenter Paul Gambaccini asked approximately 80 critics and disc jockeys from the United Kingdom and United States to list their ten greatest albums of all-time. From these lists, he compiled the ""Top 100 Albums"" which was subsequently published by Pavilion Books in 1987. In 1993, Colin Larkin was approached by the now defunct Today newspaper to update this list, which was published in the newspaper. As a consequence Larkin suggested the idea of a Top 1000 albums book to his publisher. Unlike the Gambaccini list, Larkin wanted to compile a list

"Ships (song)"
Ships (song) ""Ships"" is a song written and originally performed by British musician Ian Hunter. The song was first released on Hunter's fourth solo album, ""You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic"" in 1979. The song is said to be about Hunter's relationship with his father. ""Ships"" was later recorded by singer Barry Manilow for his sixth studio album, ""One Voice"". His version peaked at number 9 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Manilow's version also charted at number 78 in Australia and number 28 in Canada. Casey Kasem reported on the ""American Top

"The Ship Song"
The Ship Song ""The Ship Song"" is a song written by Nick Cave (lyrics and music), originally performed by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on their 1990 ""The Good Son"" album. It was released by Mute Records as the first single from the album on 12 March 1990, as a CD single, 7"" vinyl and a 12"" vinyl release. The song reached #84 on the UK Singles Charts. The video for the song was directed by John Hillcoat. In May 2001 ""The Ship Song"" was selected by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) as one of the Top 30 Australian

"Ship to Wreck"
Ship to Wreck ""Ship to Wreck"" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, ""How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful"" (2015). It was released on 9 April 2015 as the album's second single. The track premiered on Huw Stephens' show on BBC Radio 1 on 8 April 2015 and the accompanying music video was released on 13 April, following the narrative of band's previous two videos of ""What Kind of Man"" and ""St. Jude"". ""Ship to Wreck"" was met with critical acclaim, with critics praising frontwoman Florence Welch's vocals, as well

"Burn the Ships"
Burn the Ships Burn the Ships (stylised in all lower-case) is the third studio album by For King & Country, an Australian Christian pop duo comprising brothers Luke Smallbone and Joel Smallbone, released via Word Entertainment on 5 October 2018. It features appearances from Moriah Peters and Courtney, the respective wives of Joel and Luke Smallbone. For King & Country collaborated with Matt Hales, Blake Kanicka, Seth Mosley and Tedd Tjornhom in the production of the album. ""Burn the Ships"" was supported by the release of record-breaking lead single, ""Joy,"" and album pre-order leading up to its release. Garnering critical

in the Official Singles Chart and it's shifted 279,000, including 17 million streams, and counting. Florence and the Machine Additional personnel Ship to Wreck ""Ship to Wreck"" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, ""How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful"" (2015). It was released on 9 April 2015 as the album's second single. The track premiered on Huw Stephens' show on BBC Radio 1 on 8 April 2015 and the accompanying music video was released on 13 April, following the narrative of band's previous two videos of ""What Kind of

"Ship of Fools (World Party song)"
Ship of Fools (World Party song) ""Ship of Fools"" (subtitled ""Save Me from Tomorrow"") is a rock song performed by World Party. It was written and produced by singer and multi-instrumentalist Karl Wallinger, formerly of The Waterboys. Wallinger is the sole member of World Party. ""Ship of Fools"" was the first single released by World Party and was included on the 1986 debut album ""Private Revolution"". It was World Party's sole ""Billboard"" Top 40 single, debuting on that chart on April 4, 1987 and peaking at number 27. It also reached no. 42 on the UK singles chart, no. 5

40"" broadcast of October 27, 1979, the reason that Manilow selected this song to record. His father had been absent from his life since the age of two. Following a concert 30 years later in 1975, Manilow was changing clothes in his dressing room. An unknown man entered his room, telling him simply, ""I'm your father. I enjoyed the concert and would like to see you again."" He then left. Ships (song) ""Ships"" is a song written and originally performed by British musician Ian Hunter. The song was first released on Hunter's fourth solo album, ""You're Never Alone with a

"Tom Lewis (songwriter)"
Tom Lewis (songwriter) Tom (Thomas John) Lewis (born 1943) is a British singer and writer of nautical songs. Tom is perhaps best known for The Last Shanty (A Sailor Ain't A Sailor), which has been recorded by over 30 different groups around the world. He is also thrilled that Ilan Eskeri has used the melody from his song 'A Sailor's Prayer' (Send Down A Dove) as a major theme in the musical score of the recent BBC Films' production of 'Swallows and Amazons'. Lewis was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland and grew up in Gloucester, England. He served in the

Shipoopi
Shipoopi ""Shipoopi"" is a song in the 1957 musical ""The Music Man"" by Meredith Willson. The song is sung by the character of Marcellus Washburn, a friend of con man ""Professor"" Harold Hill. It occurs in act 2 of the play during the ice cream social. The dialogue surrounding the song does not explain the meaning of the term ""shipoopi"", which Willson said that he invented for the song. When the high school kids want to dance, Marcellus asks which song they want to hear; Tommy Djilas replies ""The Shipoopi"", which seems to indicate that ""shipoopi"" is a dance. The

songs of all time. There have been numerous cover versions of the song performed by artists, including Camille O'Sullivan, Leatherface, Frankie Stubbs (performed acoustically), Gene, Swirl, Boo Hewerdine, Concrete Blonde, Denis Walter, Immaculate Fools, A Subtle Plague, Polar and Heather Nova, Lissie, with live only versions by Crowded House, Ed Kuepper, Pearl Jam, Amanda Palmer, and Martha Wainwright. The Sydney Opera House, with agency The Monkeys (Creative Agency), achieved the collaboration of Neil Finn, Kev Carmody, Sarah Blasko, John Bell, Martha Wainwright, Katie Noonan, Paul Kelly, Teddy Tahu Rhodes, The Temper Trap, and Daniel Johns, with Opera Australia, the Australian

"Right to Buy"
Right to Buy The Right to Buy scheme is a policy in the United Kingdom (with the exception of Scotland since 1 August 2016) which gives secure tenants of councils and some housing associations the legal right to buy, at a large discount, the council house they are living in. There is also a Right to Acquire for assured tenants of housing association homes built with public subsidy after 1997, at a smaller discount. About 1,500,000 homes in the UK have been sold in this manner since the introduction of the scheme in 1980. Supporters claim that the programme has

than spending it on building more homes. The effect was to reduce the council housing stock, especially in areas where property prices were high, such as London and the south-east of England. 200,000 council houses were sold to their tenants in 1982. By 1987, more than 1,000,000 council houses in the UK had been sold to their tenants, although the number of council houses purchased by tenants declined during the 1990s. The Labour Party was initially against the sales, and pledged to oppose them at the 1983 general election, but then dropped its official opposition to the scheme in 1985.

buy council housing a Conservative Party policy nationally. The policy was largely in place for the 1974 Conservative manifesto, but did not prove an asset in the two general elections that year because of high interest and mortgage repayment rates, as well as the growth of negative equity as house prices fell. In the meantime, council house sales to tenants began to increase. Some 7,000 were sold to their tenants during 1970; this soared to more than 45,000 in 1972. After Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in May 1979, the legislation to implement the Right to Buy was passed in

However, at the 1987 general election, the Conservative government warned voters that a Labour government would still abolish the scheme. When Labour returned to power at the 1997 general election, it reduced the discount available to tenants in local authorities which had severe pressure on their housing stock; this included almost the whole of London. The Right to Buy rules were changed in 2005. Five years' tenancy was now required for new tenants to qualify, and properties purchased after January 2005 could no longer immediately be placed on the open market should the owner decide to sell. Such owners now

forced to sell, sometimes at many times the original price. Housing charities criticised the lack of investment in affordable housing. Right to Buy The Right to Buy scheme is a policy in the United Kingdom (with the exception of Scotland since 1 August 2016) which gives secure tenants of councils and some housing associations the legal right to buy, at a large discount, the council house they are living in. There is also a Right to Acquire for assured tenants of housing association homes built with public subsidy after 1997, at a smaller discount. About 1,500,000 homes in the UK

given millions of households a tangible asset, secured their families' finances and—by releasing cash to repay local authority debt—helped improve the public finances. Critics claim that the policy compounded a housing shortage for people of low income, initiated a national house price bubble, and led ultimately to what is commonly recognised as the displacement and social cleansing of traditional communities. Individual local authorities have always had the ability to sell council houses to their tenants, but until the early 1970s such sales were extremely rare. The Labour Party initially proposed the idea of the right of tenants to own the

the Housing Act 1980. Michael Heseltine, in his role as Secretary of State for the Environment, was in charge of implementing the legislation. Some 6,000,000 people were affected; about one in three actually purchased their housing unit. Heseltine noted that ""no single piece of legislation has enabled the transfer of so much capital wealth from the state to the people"". He said the right to buy had two main objectives: to give people what they wanted, and to reverse the trend of ever-increasing dominance of the state over the life of the individual. He said: ""There is in this country

by tenants and also to encourage take-up. According to a government survey in 1988, the average discount that had been offered was 44%. Mortgages involved no downpayments. The legislation gave council tenants the right to buy their council house at a discounted value, depending on how long they had been living in the house, with the proviso that if they sold their house before a minimum period had expired they would have to pay back a proportion of the discount. The sales were an attractive deal for tenants; hundreds of thousands of homes were sold. The policy became one of

the major points of Thatcherism. The policy proved immediately popular. Some local Labour-controlled councils were opposed, but the legislation prevented them from blocking purchases, and gave them half the proceeds. Sales were much higher in the south and east of England than in inner London and northern England. Sales were restricted to general-needs housing; adapted properties and those built specifically for older people were exempted from the scheme. Half the proceeds of the sales were paid to the local authorities, but the government restricted authorities' use of most of the money to reducing their debt until it was cleared, rather

is a maximum of £80,900.00 from April 2018 (rbcdd3117) The aim of the scheme is, for every additional home sold, a new home will be built for 'affordable rent' at up to 80% of market rent, aimed at maintaining the level of affordable housing while also increasing the number of properties available for those on the waiting list. The five year tenancy criterion will remain, and should the property be sold within the first five years of the original sale, part or all of the discount will be required to be paid back. The Housing and Planning Bill 2016 will

"Wave Hill walk-off"
the Woodward Inquiry, the Whitlam government drafted the Aboriginal Land Rights Bill. The legislation was not passed by parliament prior to the Whitlam government's dismissal in 1975. The subsequent Fraser government passed effectively similar legislation – the Aboriginal Land Rights Act – on 9 December 1976. In 1975, the Labor government of Gough Whitlam finally negotiated with Vesteys to give the Gurindji back a portion of their land. This was a landmark in the land rights movement in Australia for Indigenous Australians. The handback took place on 16 August 1975 at Kalkaringi. Gough Whitlam addressed Vincent Lingiari and the Gurindji

"Waverley Route"
was dismantled in September 1975, with Hawick station itself becoming the site of the Teviotdale Leisure Centre, and the A7 road was realigned on parts of the solum, notably north of Heriot, by 1977. Redevelopment of the trackbed accelerated after 1984 with the construction of a small housing estate near the site of Gorebridge station, the Melrose bypass in 1988 over much of the trackbed through Melrose station, the Newtown St Boswells bypass in 1990, as well as further A7 improvements including the Dalkeith western bypass and the Hardengreen bypass in 2000. In 1986, the Tarras and Byreburn viaducts on

"Ocean View Amusement Park"
Ocean View Amusement Park Ocean View Amusement Park was an amusement park at the end of Granby Street at Ocean View Avenue in Norfolk, Virginia. The amusement park and its wooden coaster, the Rocket, were featured in the 1977 movie ""Rollercoaster"". The park closed Labor Day 1978. The Rocket was destroyed as part of the making of television's ""The Death of Ocean View Park"" in 1979. Ocean View Amusement Park had five coasters, including the Southern Belle, Leap the Dips, Figure Seven, and the Rocket. The history of the park is featured at the Ocean View Station Museum in Norfolk,

but it was the first one to attract wide public support within Australia for Land Rights. In 1968, 60 Aboriginal workers at another Vestey's property, Limbunya, also joined the strike when they walked off the job. The Gurindji established a settlement near by at Wattie Creek, which Gurindji have always called Daguragu. These were hard years, but they held strong to their belief in their right to the land. While living at Daguragu, Gurindji drew up maps showing areas they wanted excised from pastoralist land and returned to them. In 1967, Gurindji petitioned the Governor-General, claiming 1,295 km² of land

"Rim Runner"
the runout at the bottom of the drop were common during the first few years. First management put up a higher height requirement for the front row before eventually blocking off the front row entirely. Next, the back row was blocked off presumably to ""balance"" the boat (although not until some time later). The result is now a boat designed for 20 to 25 passengers fitting a maximum of 12. Rim Runner officially closed to the public on Sunday, February 3, 2013 to make room for El Loco. The boat storage area, lift hill & trough leading to the drop

"Wave Rock"
inselberg, which consists of three domes. The central and western domes are separated by a deep valley, which is now occupied by a reservoir. The central and eastern domes are linked by a low platform. A multistage process of landform development created these domes. The initial step in the development of Hyden Rock was the subsurface alteration by weathering of granite bedrock beneath a lateritised land surface during the Cretaceous Period between 100–130 million years ago. Depending on the degree to which it was fractured by jointing, the granite bedrock underlying this surface was altered to varying depths beneath the

"Southend Cliff Railway"
subject to the availability of volunteer drivers and weather conditions. A fare of fifty pence is charged for each single journey. The line runs on the site of a pioneering moving walkway, a forerunner of today's escalator. This was constructed in 1901 by the American engineer Jesse W. Reno, but soon proved noisy and unreliable due its exposed location. The current lift was constructed by Waygood & Company, now part of the famous Otis Elevator Company. Since opening in 1912 it has been modernised three times, in 1930, 1959 and 1990. Each modernisation has resulted in the replacement of the

"The Headrow"
and continued, known as ""The Street"", to York. In the 17th century it was renamed Parke Lane, Burley Bar, Upper Head Row and Lower Head Row. Renamed again in the 19th century, at the junction with Albion Street the street ran to the east as Upperhead Row and Lowerhead Row and to the west as Park Lane and Guildford Street - once home to St Anne's Cathedral which was demolished in November 1904 and relocated to Cookridge Street. More recently, running east-to-west, the street became Eastgate, the Headrow and Westgate, though portions of Park Lane remain at the far end

knees. There was no running water. The food was bad – just flour, tea, sugar and bits of beef like the head or feet of a bullock. The Vesteys mob were hard men. They didn't care about blackfellas. Gurindji who received minimal government benefits had these paid into pastoral company accounts over which they had no control. In contrast, non-Aboriginal workers enjoyed minimum wage security with no legal limit on the maximum they could be paid. They were housed in comfortable homes with gardens and had full control over their finances. On 23 August 1966, led by spokesman Vincent Lingiari,

points along the track, finally did what the dynamite couldn't do, and amid the smoke and fire of one final gasoline bomb, as well as the jeers and tears from the crowd, it slowly dragged the coaster to the ground. After Ocean View Amusement Park was torn down, the area it once occupied was replaced by a residential condominium, a residential housing development, and a public park and beach. The coordinates given above represent the approximate point where riders would board and exit The Skyrocket throughout its history, before its final demolition in 1978. Many of the other attractions seen

"Scorpion (TV series)"
which premiered on September 25, 2017. ""Scorpion"" received mixed reviews during its first season. The succeeding seasons achieved a more favorable reception. On May 12, 2018, CBS cancelled the series after four seasons. Scorpion is said to be the last line of defense against complex, high-tech threats around the globe. Drawing on a diverse set of skills and experience such as coding, psychology, and engineering, they are able to solve these situations. The team tackles a variety of problems, many of which are extremely complicated. While they are frequently called into service by the Department of Homeland Security, they also

Tomatoes, season one holds a rating of 42% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Typical procedural plot lines and boring characters using a distracting amount of geek-speak make ""Scorpion"" a forgettable show without sting."" On Metacritic, the show has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". The show premiered on September 22, 2014, earning a 3.2 rating in the 18–49 demographic and 13.83 million total viewers. This improved CBS' Monday 9 p.m. time slot from the previous season by 66% in total

name = badschience4> Scorpion (TV series) Scorpion (stylized as </SCORPION>) is an American action drama television series created by Nick Santora for CBS. The series stars Elyes Gabel, Katharine McPhee, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Jadyn Wong, among others. Loosely based on the life of its executive producer and self-proclaimed computer expert Walter O'Brien, the series centers on O'Brien and his friends helping to solve complex global problems and save lives. The series premiered on September 22, 2014. On October 27, 2014, CBS placed a full season episode order for the first season. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for

Scorpion (TV series) Scorpion (stylized as </SCORPION>) is an American action drama television series created by Nick Santora for CBS. The series stars Elyes Gabel, Katharine McPhee, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Jadyn Wong, among others. Loosely based on the life of its executive producer and self-proclaimed computer expert Walter O'Brien, the series centers on O'Brien and his friends helping to solve complex global problems and save lives. The series premiered on September 22, 2014. On October 27, 2014, CBS placed a full season episode order for the first season. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season,

a cast of similar brainy-young-nerd characters. CBS Primetime senior executive vice president Kelly Kahl, in a 2014 interview, indicated that CBS had intended the show as ""kind of an extension of ""The Big Bang Theory"" but in the drama world."" ""Scorpion"" debuted on CBS on Monday nights in the fall of 2014, in a 10pm (Eastern) time-slot that had become an under-performer for CBS. To give ""Scorpion"" an initial boost in audience for the first few weeks, CBS scheduled it to come on immediately after episodes of ""The Big Bang Theory"", at that time television's most popular comedy. ""Scorpion"" became

"The Scorpion's Tale"
The Scorpion's Tale ""The Scorpion's Tale"" is the fifteenth episode of ""The Simpsons""<nowiki>'</nowiki> twenty-second season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 6, 2011. During a trip to ""Satan's Anvil"", the students and faculty Springfield Elementary stumble into bizarre people and situations: Otto runs over ""realistic"" versions of Coyote and Road Runner; Martin meets an eccentric and grumpy hermit artist that the government tried to hire for years but never succeeded; Bart, Nelson and Milhouse find old French postcards; and Lisa is almost attacked by scorpions, but they quickly become passive after Lisa passes

"Cold Justice"
in addition to four confessions, three guilty pleas and three murder convictions. Although TNT made no official announcement, McClary wrote on her personal Facebook page in mid-2016 that the series was canceled. She later said that the production company is shopping the series to other networks. In February 2017, it was announced that ""Cold Justice"" had been acquired by Oxygen. A fourth season premiered on July 22, 2017. On April 23, 2018, Oxygen announced the series had been renewed for a fifth season, which aired from August 4 to October 6, 2018. ""Cold Justice"" scored 66 out of 100 on

"Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager)"
Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager) ""Scorpion"" is a two-part episode of the American science fiction television series """" that served as the last episode of its season and the first episode of its season (the 68th and 69th episodes overall). ""Scorpion"" introduced the Borg drone Seven of Nine and Species 8472 to the series. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS ""Voyager"" after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation. In this episode, the Federation starship ""Voyager"" makes a ""pact with

"Black Monday (TV series)"
of whom were also expected to act as showrunners. The pilot was set to be directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, the pair of which were also to executive produce alongside Caspe and Cahan. Production companies involved with the pilot included Sony Pictures Television. On June 14, 2018, it was announced that Showtime had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. On October 19, 2018, it was reported that the series would premiere on January 20, 2019. Alongside the pilot order announcement, it was confirmed that Don Cheadle and Andrew Rannells had

"Reunion (Runaways)"
Runaways to give them ""edge and grit"", while he tried to create ""something to toy with, stylistically and visually"" for the parents that could be explored more by the series moving forward. ""Reunion"" premiered on Hulu in the United States on November 21, 2017. It was broadcast on Showcase in Canada, on November 22, and on Syfy in the United Kingdom on April 18, 2018. It made its broadcast debut in the United States on Freeform on August 2, 2018, following the airing of the first season finale of ""Cloak & Dagger""; the airing was part of Freeform’s ongoing marketing

"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"
the series, with episode four of the second season resulting as his last as a series regular. On April 5, 2017, it was announced that David Hull and Scott Michael Foster, who portray White Josh and Nathaniel respectively, were promoted to series regulars for season three. Each episode contains two to four original songs. These are usually sung by Rebecca or a character with whom she is having a direct interaction, parodying the musical theater conceit of characters bursting into song at significant moments in the plot. In ""Josh Has No Idea Where I Am"", it is revealed that Rebecca

"Ex-Girlfriend (song)"
He enacts the role in MTV's ""Making the Video"". UK CD1 UK CD2 Netherlands/UK/Australia Netherlands/UK 2-track Ex-Girlfriend (song) ""Ex-Girlfriend"" is a song by American ska band No Doubt from their fourth studio album ""Return of Saturn"" (2000). The song was released as the album's lead single in early 2000 and was moderately successful, reaching the top 40 in most countries it charted in. It was most successful in Australia and Spain, where it reached number nine on both countries' national charts. Lead singer Gwen Stefani originally composed the song as a dirge about her relationship with Bush's lead singer Gavin

major song from season 2, as well as two deleted songs: ""It's Not Difficult to Define Miss Deuche"" and ""Sex Toys,"" a solo for the recurring character Karen. It also included demos for ""Santa Ana Winds"", the theme song ""I'm Just a Girl in Love"", and ""Rebecca's Reprise"". All songs in season 3 were released as singles following their airing, with the exception of ""The End of the Movie"" by Josh Groban, which was featured in the episode, ""Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Is Crazy"". The full album was released July 20 2018 and includes a demo of “The End of the Movie”

Ex-Girlfriend (song) ""Ex-Girlfriend"" is a song by American ska band No Doubt from their fourth studio album ""Return of Saturn"" (2000). The song was released as the album's lead single in early 2000 and was moderately successful, reaching the top 40 in most countries it charted in. It was most successful in Australia and Spain, where it reached number nine on both countries' national charts. Lead singer Gwen Stefani originally composed the song as a dirge about her relationship with Bush's lead singer Gavin Rossdale, whom she married in 2002. After listening to it, the band increased the tempo because

Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series which premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW. The series was created by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna, and stars Bloom in the lead role. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourth and final season, which will contain 18 episodes. It premiered on October 12, 2018. Rebecca Bunch is a Yale- and Harvard-educated real-estate lawyer who works for a top New York City law firm. She panics when offered a partnership with the firm, and bumps into her first love from

""Business Insider"", ""Paste"", ""The Daily Beast"", ""NPR"", ""Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"" and ""Vulture"", among others. Some of the notable critics include James Poniewozik and Maureen Ryan. Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series which premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW. The series was created by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna, and stars Bloom in the lead role. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourth and final season, which will contain 18 episodes. It premiered on October 12, 2018. Rebecca Bunch is a Yale- and Harvard-educated real-estate lawyer who works

""Settle for Me,"" and ""Sex with a Stranger"" as well as Adam Schlesinger's demo version of ""What'll It Be"". """"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 1 – Vol. 2)"""" was released on May 20, 2016. It includes all the songs from the last 10 episodes of season one, as well as demos of ""JAP Battle"", ""I Could If I Wanted To"", ""Women Gotta Stick Together"", ""Group Hang"", and ""You Stupid Bitch"". For season two, the songs were released as singles the day of their original airing. The full season two soundtrack came out on March 3, 2017. It featured every

"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (album)"
by Lambert herself. Three additional tracks are cover versions. ""Getting Ready"" was written by Patty Griffin, and it appears on her 2007 release, ""Children Running Through."" ""Easy from Now On"" (written by Carlene Carter and Susanna Clark) was originally a Top 15 ""Billboard"" country hit for Emmylou Harris and appeared on her 1978 album, ""Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town."" ""Dry Town"" was written by Gillian Welch and David Rawlings but would not appear on any of their albums until 2017's ""Boots No 1: The Official Revival Bootleg"". Most of the album's tracks speak of planning revenge on ex

Donna Lynne Champlin, Vincent Rodriguez III and Michael McDonald joined Rachel Bloom in the series regular cast. With the move to The CW, the series went through casting changes and McDonald departed the cast. Shortly afterwards, Vella Lovell and Pete Gardner were added as regulars; with Lovell in the role of Heather, Rebecca's underachieving neighbor; and Gardner replacing McDonald in the role of Darryl, Rebecca's new boss. On May 23, 2016, it was announced that Gabrielle Ruiz, who portrays Valencia, was promoted to series regular for season two. In November 2016, it was announced that Santino Fontana would be departing

Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (album) Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is the second studio album by American country artist, Miranda Lambert. The album was released May 1, 2007 on Columbia Nashville Records and was produced by Frank Liddell and Mike Wrucke. ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"" was Lambert's first studio album released under the Columbia Nashville label, as 2005's ""Kerosene"" was issued on Epic Nashville Records. The album received high critical acclaim, with critics commenting on Lambert's revengeful material. The album went to number one on the United States' Top Country Albums chart and also reached number 6 on the overall American chart. Out of the album's four

Pooh returned with his friends Tigger, Piglet and Eeyore as well as a new companion Lottie the Otter. The illustrations are by Mark Burgess, who had also worked on reviving the Paddington Bear stories. ""The Best Bear in All The World"", by Paul Bright, Jeanne Willis, Kate Saunders and Brian Sibley is the second official post-Milne Pooh book, published by Egmont on 6 October 2016. The four different authors have written four short stories around the four seasons of Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall, and the book is again illustrated by Mark Burgess. In 2001, Disney bought all rights to

the World"", was published by Egmont in 2016. The sequel consists of four short stories by four leading children's authors, Kate Saunders, Brian Sibley, Paul Bright, and Jeanne Willis. Illustrations are by Mark Burgess. ""The Best Bear in All The World"" sees the introduction of a new character, a Penguin, which was inspired by a long-lost photograph of Milne and his son Christopher with a toy penguin. A further special story, ""Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen"", was published in 2016 to mark the 90th anniversary of Milne's creation and the 90th birthday of Elizabeth II. It sees Winnie the Pooh meet

and Walt Disney Television Animation and released on both VHS and DVD. It contains six episodes, each of which focuses on one character. It is wrapped together by a loose plot in which the characters wait in Christopher Robin's room for his arrival. As is typical with the series, each episode features an original musical number. It is a compilation film of footage from the TV series. Several VHS's were released in the early 2000's they are, Fun With Friends Fun With Words Fun With Make-Believe Fun With Manners A Valentine For Eeyore The Book of Boo (also Released on

"Fibonacci number"
of the ""n""th month, the number of pairs of rabbits is equal to the number of new pairs (that is, the number of pairs in month ""n"" − 2) plus the number of pairs alive last month (that is, ""n"" − 1). This is the ""n""th Fibonacci number. The name ""Fibonacci sequence"" was first used by the 19th-century number theorist Édouard Lucas. The first 21 Fibonacci numbers ""F"" for ""n"" = 0, 1, 2, ..., 20 are: The sequence can also be extended to negative index ""n"" using the re-arranged recurrence relation Thus the bidirectional sequence is The Fibonacci numbers

"Fibonacci word"
0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, ... The n digit of the word is formula_13 where formula_14 is the golden ratio and formula_15

"Names for the number 0 in English"
example is James Bond's designation, 007, which is always read as ""double-o seven"", not ""double-zero seven"". The letter ""o"" (""oh"") is also used in spoken English as the name of the number 0 when saying times in the 24-hour clock, particularly in English used by U.S. military forces. Thus 16:05 is ""sixteen oh five"", and 08:30 is ""oh eight thirty"". The use of O as a number can lead to confusion as in the ABO blood group system. Blood can either contain antigen A (type A), antigen B (type B), both (type AB) or none (type O). Since the 'O'

"888 (number)"
the beast. In Chinese numerology, 888 has a different meaning, triple fortune, a strengthening of the meaning of the digit 8. For this reason, addresses and phone numbers containing the digit sequence 888 are considered particularly lucky, and may command a premium because of it. 888 (number) 888 (eight hundred [and] eighty-eight) is the natural number following 887 and preceding 889. 888 is a repdigit (a number all of whose digits are equal), and a strobogrammatic number (one that reads the same upside-down on a seven-segment calculator display). 888 = 700227072 is the smallest cube in which each digit occurs

"NASDAQ Composite"
of 4,176.59 on December 31, 2013. On March 2, 2015, the NASDAQ closed above 5,000 for the first time since March 9, 2000. On April 23, 2015, the NASDAQ finally broke through the record of 15 years earlier and set a new high for a daily close, though it was still just short of the all-time intraday high set in 2000. After its first significant correction (greater than 10%) in about four years, the index roared back above 5,000 with a triple-digit gain on October 23, 2015. Two years later, the Nasdaq crossed 7,000 intraday, which was within reach of

"Wall Street Week"
bullish trend), -1 (for a bearish trend, or 0 (neutral)). A net balance of +5 (or higher) was interpreted as a buy signal, while a reading of -5 (or lower) was a sell signal. While the index rarely gave outright buy or sell signals, over time it was found to give an accurate forecast of the stock market. Rukeyser irreverently named the index ""The Elves"" (a reference to the Gnomes of Zürich), and dubbed Nurock the ""Chief Elf."" After being in neutral for a considerable period of time, Rukeyser requested significant changes in the makeup of the index. Nurock refused

"Jordan Belfort"
Jordan Belfort Jordan Ross Belfort (; born July 9, 1962) is an American author, motivational speaker, and former stockbroker. In 1999, he pleaded guilty to fraud and related crimes in connection with stock-market manipulation and running a boiler room as part of a penny-stock scam. Belfort spent 22 months in prison as part of an agreement under which he gave testimony against numerous partners and subordinates in his fraud scheme. He published the memoir ""The Wolf of Wall Street"" in 2007, which was adapted into a film and released in 2013. Belfort was born in 1962 in the Bronx borough

"Wall Street"
Kessner. New York was second only to London as the world's financial capital. In 1884 Charles H. Dow began tracking stocks, initially beginning with 11 stocks, mostly railroads, and looked at average prices for these eleven. When the average ""peaks and troughs"" went up consistently, he deemed it a bull market condition; if averages dropped, it was a bear market. He added up prices, and divided by the number of stocks to get his Dow Jones average. Dow's numbers were a ""convenient benchmark"" for analyzing the market and became an accepted way to look at the entire stock market. In

"The Wall Street Journal"
of about 60 percent top management, an average income of $191,000, an average household net worth of $2.1million, and an average age of 55. In 2007, the ""Journal"" launched a worldwide expansion of its website to include major foreign-language editions. The paper had also shown an interest in buying the rival ""Financial Times"". The nameplate is unique in having a period at the end. On September 5, 2006, the ""Journal"" included advertising on its front page for the first time. This followed the introduction of front-page advertising on the European and Asian editions in late 2005. After presenting nearly identical

"Louis Rukeyser"
Funds was discontinued and Louis Rukeyser's Wall Street was changed to Ben Shepherd's Wall Street. Over the years, stock traders and analysts noted that a company touted on W$W on Friday would experience a spike (rapid short term advance) in its stock price the following Monday. This phenomenon, dubbed ""The Rukeyser Effect,"" was described as a further demonstration of the program's influence. However, in 1987, Professor Robert Pari of Bentley College published an academic article in the ""Journal of Portfolio Management"" detailing the results of a study that found that stocks recommended by Rukeyser's guests on Wall $treet Week not

"Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18"
Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18 The India cricket team toured South Africa in January and February 2018 to play three Tests, six One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. In January 2017, Cricket South Africa (CSA) revealed that this tour would replace the scheduled visit by Sri Lanka due to costs and scheduling congestion. The Test series was played for the Freedom Trophy, with South Africa winning the trophy following victories in the first two Tests. South Africa went on to win the Test series 2–1. It was the first Test series of three

number one ranking in the ICC ODI Championship. India went on to win the ODI series 5–1. Virat Kohli scored the most runs in a bilateral ODI series by a player, with 558. India were also victorious in the T20I matches, winning the series 2–1. Duanne Olivier and Lungi Ngidi were added to South Africa's squad for the second Test after Dale Steyn suffered an injury during the first Test. Dinesh Karthik was called up as replacement to India's Test squad for Wriddhiman Saha after Saha was ruled out of the series due to an injury in training. Temba Bavuma

matches or more in which all 40 wickets fell in each match of the series. With India's win the third Test, they retained the number one place in the ICC Test Championship, taking an unassailable lead before the April 2018 cut-off date for next season's rankings. In August 2017, it was announced that the traditional Boxing Day Test at Kingsmead will not take place, as India's home series against Sri Lanka will not conclude until 24 December 2017. The following month it was announced that tour would likely to start on 5 January 2018. CSA confirmed the fixtures in September

"Indian cricket team in South Africa in 1996–97"
a huge margin, thereby winning the series 2–0, while the final Test ended in a draw. At the end of the series, Brian McMillan of South Africa emerged as the top run-scorer with 296 runs, with an average of 98.66. He was closely followed by fellow team member Daryl Cullinan with 291 runs and India's Rahul Dravid (277 runs). Allan Donald and Javagal Srinath finished the series as top wicket-takers capturing 20 and 18 wickets respectively. The former was named ""man of the series"". The Test series was followed by a triangular One-Day tournament, which included Zimbabwe as the third

"Indian cricket team in England in 2018"
previous bilateral series wins, and was the first such loss under the captaincy of Virat Kohli. In the second ODI match, Dhoni became the twelfth batsman to score 10,000 runs in ODIs. The first Test of the tour, which started on 1 August at Edgbaston, was the 1,000th to be played by the England team, making them the first team to reach this milestone. Ahead of the fifth Test, England's Alastair Cook announced that he would retire from international cricket following the conclusion of the series. In the second innings of the fifth Test, Cook scored a century, becoming only

"South African cricket team in India in 2015–16"
second in the eighth over, before Shikhar Dhawan (60 off 59) and Ajinkya Rahane (87 off 58) put on 112 runs for the third wicket. Wickets continued to fall henceforth, before the team was dismissed in the 36th over for 224. Many records were equaled or broken on course of the match. South Africa's total of 438 was the joint third-highest in ODIs. It was only the second time that three batsmen from the same team scored individual centuries in an ODI innings. Bhuvneshwar Kumar's concession of 106 runs off his ten overs was the second-highest in an ODI. Hashim

"Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14"
stand is the highest for India in South Africa in tests. Chasing a target of 458 runs, South Africa ended up with 450 runs for the loss of seven wickets, leading to a draw. The team's total of 450, is the second-highest fourth-innings score to draw a match and third overall. Francois du Plessis and AB de Villiers made centuries in the South Africa total. Described as one among the ""closest draws"", the fourth innings total of 450 made by South Africa is the second-highest by a team in a drawn match and third overall. During the match, wicket-keepers from

format also sees one mandatory powerplay taken in the first six overs. This shorter format of the game makes reaching the traditional milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult, and few players have achieved these. The highest individual score in a Twenty20 International is 172, made by Australia's Aaron Finch against Zimbabwe in 2018, while Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis and India's Yuzvendra Chahal are the only bowlers to have taken two six wickets in an innings, and fewer than twenty players have taken five wickets in an innings. Cricket itself was probably first

Africa's squad as a reserve wicket-keeper. Aiden Markram was named as captain of South Africa for the remaining ODIs in du Plessis' absence. South Africa's Quinton de Kock suffered an injury during the second ODI and was ruled out of the rest of the ODI matches and the T20I series. AB de Villiers was ruled out of South Africa's squad for the T20I series after suffering an injury before the fifth ODI match. Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18 The India cricket team toured South Africa in January and February 2018 to play three Tests, six One Day

days later, he was ruled out of the rest of the series. During the first ODI, South Africa's captain, Faf du Plessis, suffered a finger injury and was ruled out of the remaining ODI matches. Aiden Markram was named as South Africa's captain for the remaining ODI fixtures, becoming the second-youngest South African to lead South Africa in ODIs. India ensured an ODI series victory after beating South Africa by 73 runs in the fifth match, after they had already won the first three fixtures. This resulted in India's first ODI series win in South Africa, with India maintaining their

"Capital punishment in Florida"
commutations were granted out of 268 cases. Since 1972, when the death penalty was re-instituted, only six commutations have been granted, all under the administration of Governor Bob Graham. Capital punishment in Florida Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida. Since 1976, the state has executed 97 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of December 14, 2018, 344 offenders are awaiting execution. Florida performed its last pre-""Furman"" execution in 1964 (Sie Dawson). After the Supreme Court of the United States struck down all states' death penalty procedures in the ""Furman v. Georgia"" ruling,

Capital punishment in Florida Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida. Since 1976, the state has executed 97 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of December 14, 2018, 344 offenders are awaiting execution. Florida performed its last pre-""Furman"" execution in 1964 (Sie Dawson). After the Supreme Court of the United States struck down all states' death penalty procedures in the ""Furman v. Georgia"" ruling, essentially ruling the imposition of the death penalty at the same time as a guilty verdict unconstitutional, Florida was the first state to draft a newly written statute on

"Mark Dean Schwab"
Mark Dean Schwab Mark Dean Schwab (December 16, 1968 – July 1, 2008) was an American prisoner in the state of Florida, where he was executed for the April 18, 1991, rape and murder of 11-year-old Junny Rios-Martinez, Jr. Schwab was convicted of the crime in 1992 and sentenced to death. In addition, he received two life sentences. Schwab was released from prison on March 4, 1991, after serving three years of an eight-year sentence for the aggravated rape of a 13-year-old boy committed in 1987. The rest of his sentence was commuted and he was placed on 15 years

"Graham v. Florida"
Graham v. Florida Graham v. Florida, , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses. In June 2012, in the related ""Miller v. Alabama,"" the Court ruled that mandatory sentences for life without parole for juvenile offenders, even in cases of murder, was cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Terrance Jamar Graham (born January 6, 1987), along with two accomplices, attempted to rob a barbecue restaurant in Jacksonville, Florida in July 2003. Aged

August 12, 1972. Florida performed the first involuntary execution after the Supreme Court, in the 1976 case ""Gregg v. Georgia"", permitted the death penalty once more. John Arthur Spenkelink was electrocuted on May 25, 1979. On January 24th, 1989, it executed notorious serial killer Ted Bundy. The method of execution switched to lethal injection after the controversial electrocution of Allen Lee Davis in 1999. In Florida, murder can be punished by death if it involves one of the following aggravating factors: A Florida statute also provides the death penalty for capital drug trafficking. A provision for capital sexual battery was

and were labeled as ""botched"" by opponents (Jesse Tafero in 1990, Pedro Medina in 1997, and Allen Lee Davis in 1999). While most states switched to the lethal injection, many politicians in Florida opposed giving up ""Old Sparky"", seeing it as a ""deterrent"". Finally, after the Davis execution, lethal injection was enabled and became the default method. Inmates, however, may still choose electrocution.. In January 2016, Wayne Doty asked the state to carry out his death sentence by electric chair, becoming the first inmate to do so since electrocution became optional. Today, the only execution chamber in Florida is located

led to the passage of the Junny Rios-Martinez, Jr., Act of 1992, which prohibited those convicted of sexual battery from receiving early release in the state of Florida. Schwab's Florida Department of Corrections prisoner number was 111129. After his sentence, he was housed at Florida State Prison in Starke, Florida. On December 15, 2006, Governor Jeb Bush suspended all pending executions until further notice after the execution of Ángel Nieves Díaz had taken much longer than usual. This ban was lifted when the new Governor of Florida, Charlie Crist, signed Schwab's death warrant on July 18, 2007. Schwab was then

"Willie Darden"
Willie Darden Willie Jasper Darden, Jr. (June 1, 1933 - March 15, 1988) was an African American man who was executed in Florida for murder during the course of a robbery. Darden's case was notable because of the 14 years that he spent on death row between his death sentence and his execution, which, at the time, was longer than the time any other inmate in the United States had spent on death row prior to their execution. He was also notable for the amount of controversy, protests, and attention that his case attracted worldwide, as well as the unusually

"Wayne C. Doty"
Xavier Rodriguez years later in 2011. Wayne Doty's first death sentence was given on June 5, 2013 and was upheld by the Florida Supreme Court in July 2013. Following that decision, Mr. Doty served a notice pursuant to Florida Statute to the warden, requesting to be executed by the electric chair instead of lethal injection. Once Mr. Doty's case went back to the trial court that sentenced him for post-conviction appeals, he initially asked the lower court to dismiss his attorney and waive all his appeals. However, in 2016, the United States Supreme Court in Hurst v. Florida declared Florida's

before he was scheduled to be electrocuted. Overall, six times, Darden received stays of execution prior to the scheduled execution. However, newly elected Florida governor Bob Martinez signed Darden's seventh death warrant in early 1988. This warrant would eventually lead to Darden's execution. Willie Darden was executed in Florida's electric chair on March 15, 1988. He was pronounced dead at 7:12 AM. Willie Darden Willie Jasper Darden, Jr. (June 1, 1933 - March 15, 1988) was an African American man who was executed in Florida for murder during the course of a robbery. Darden's case was notable because of the

"Scopes Trial"
questions regarding Biblical stories and Bryan's beliefs (as shown below); this testimony culminated in Bryan declaring that Darrow was using the court to ""slur the Bible"" while Darrow replied that Bryan's statements on the Bible were ""foolish"". On the seventh day of the trial, Clarence Darrow took the unorthodox step of calling William Jennings Bryan, counsel for the prosecution, to the stand as a witness in an effort to demonstrate that belief in the historicity of the Bible and its many accounts of miracles was unreasonable. Bryan accepted, on the understanding that Darrow would in turn submit to questioning by

the state as a special prosecutor in the case, there was never any hope of containing the controversy within the bounds of constitutionality."" In response, the defense sought out Clarence Darrow, an agnostic. Darrow originally declined, fearing that his presence would create a circus atmosphere, but eventually realized that the trial would be a circus with or without him, and agreed to lend his services to the defense, later stating that he ""realized there was no limit to the mischief that might be accomplished unless the country was aroused to the evil at hand"". After many changes back and forth,

the defense team consisted of Darrow, ACLU attorney Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field Malone, an international divorce lawyer who had worked at the State Department. The prosecution team was led by Tom Stewart, district attorney for the 18th Circuit (and future United States Senator), and included, in addition to Herbert and Sue Hicks, Ben B. McKenzie and William Jennings Bryan. The trial was covered by famous journalists from the South and around the world, including H. L. Mencken for ""The Baltimore Sun"", which was also paying part of the defense's expenses. It was Mencken who provided the trial with

team. Baptist pastor William Bell Riley, the founder and president of the World Christian Fundamentals Association, was instrumental in calling lawyer and three-time Democratic presidential nominee, former United States Secretary of State, and lifelong Presbyterian William Jennings Bryan to act as that organization's counsel. Bryan had originally been invited by Sue Hicks to become an associate of the prosecution and Bryan had readily accepted, despite the fact he had not tried a case in thirty-six years. As Scopes pointed out to James Presley in the book ""Center of the Storm,"" on which the two collaborated: ""After [Bryan] was accepted by

"John Randolph Neal Jr."
John Randolph Neal Jr. John Randolph Neal Jr. (September 17, 1876 – November 23, 1959) was an American attorney, law professor, politician, and activist, best known for his role as chief counsel during the 1925 Scopes Trial, and as an advocate for the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1920s and 1930s. He also taught law at the University of Denver and the University of Tennessee, and served in the Tennessee state legislature. He was a candidate for governor or senator numerous times between 1912 and 1954. Known as ""The Great Objector"" for his uncomprising (and often unpopular)

the Bible was all nonsense."" Tennessee governor Austin Peay signed the law to gain support among rural legislators, but believed the law would neither be enforced nor interfere with education in Tennessee schools. William Jennings Bryan thanked Peay enthusiastically for the bill: ""The Christian parents of the state owe you a debt of gratitude for saving their children from the poisonous influence of an unproven hypothesis."" In response, the American Civil Liberties Union financed a test case in which John Scopes, a Tennessee high school science teacher, agreed to be tried for violating the Act. Scopes, who had substituted for

employee of the state of Tennessee or of a municipal agency of the state. He was under contract with the state to work in an institution of the state. He had no right or privilege to serve the state except upon such terms as the state prescribed. His liberty, his privilege, his immunity to teach and proclaim the theory of evolution, elsewhere than in the service of the state, was in no wise touched by this law. Third, it was argued that the terms of the Butler Act violated the Tennessee State Constitution, which provided that ""It shall be the

and the court has held under the law that the evidence we had is not admissible, so all we can do is to take an exception and carry it to a higher court to see whether the evidence is admissible or not...we cannot even explain to you that we think you should return a verdict of not guilty. We do not see how you could. We do not ask it. Darrow closed the case for the defense without a final summation. Under Tennessee law, when the defense waived its right to make a closing speech, the prosecution was also barred

technicality: the jury should have decided the fine, not the judge, since under the state constitution, Tennessee judges could not at that time set fines above $50, and the Butler Act specified a minimum fine of $100. Justice Green added a totally unexpected recommendation: The court is informed that the plaintiff in error is no longer in the service of the state. We see nothing to be gained by prolonging the life of this bizarre case. On the contrary, we think that the peace and dignity of the state, which all criminal prosecutions are brought to redress, will be the

agents and determine whether or not the omission or addition of a particular course of study tends ""to cherish science. Fourth, the defense lawyers argued that the statute violated the provisions of the Tennessee Constitution that prohibited the establishment of a state religion. The Religious Preference provisions of the Tennessee Constitution (section 3 of article 1) stated, ""no preference shall ever be given, by law, to any religious establishment or mode of worship"". Writing for the court, Chief Justice Grafton Green rejected this argument, holding that the Tennessee Religious Preference clause was designed to prevent the establishment of a state

"New York City Marathon"
of 5:32:35. Waitz would herself succumb to cancer in 2011 after what she called the toughest fight of her life. During the 1994 event, Germán Silva recovered from a wrong turn seven-tenths of a mile before the finish that put him temporarily in second place 40 yards behind Benjamín Paredes. He ran a 5:15 final mile, including the detour, to beat Paredes and win the event by two seconds with a time of 2:11:21. The incident earned him the nickname ""Wrong Way Silva"" A record 34,729 people participated in the race. The top male finisher was Martin Lel of Kenya

a time of 2:08:14. The race featured 37-year-old world record holder Haile Gebrselassie, who ran with a bad knee and dropped out of the race at the 16th mile. Afterwards, he announced his retirement, but later reversed this decision. Edna Kiplagat won the women's title with a time of 2 hours, 28 minutes, 20 seconds, ahead of American Shalane Flanagan. The total number of official finishers, 44,829 (28,757 men and 16,072 women) was a new world record for a marathon race. The 2011 Marathon was held on November 6. The men's event was won by Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya in

that he ran a full marathon, since the lack of crowd control forced him to run wide during his turns. He has also suggested that a change in how courses were measured after the 1981 race attributed to the discrepancy in the course length. The national television audience was treated to a thrilling race as England's Geoff Smith held a lead through the last half of the race. He was caught at the 26 mile mark in Central Park by 1972 Olympic 1500 metres bronze medalist Rod Dixon from New Zealand, who won by just 9 seconds. Dixon had been

Only about 100 spectators watched Gary Muhrcke win the race in 2:31:38. In fact, a total of only 55 runners crossed the finish line. Over the years, the marathon grew larger and larger. To celebrate the U.S. bicentennial in 1976, city auditor George Spitz proposed that the race traverse all five boroughs. With the support of Manhattan Borough President Percy Sutton, the men convinced Mayor Beame and, eventually, race director Fred Lebow. The race was a huge success, and what was intended as a one-time celebration, became the annual course. Dick Traum became the first person to complete a marathon

"2014 New York City Marathon"
2014 New York City Marathon The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45. With 50,564 finishers, the 2014 New York City Marathon broke the record for most finishers. The winds were exceptional this year, forcing race officials to move the start line of the wheelchair and handcycle competitions to the

"Johnny Hayes"
than 25 miles long). Born in New York City to a family of Irish emigrants (from Nenagh in Co. Tipperary), Johnny Hayes is probably best known for winning the controversial marathon race at the London Olympics. Hayes is one of only three male American athletes to win the Olympic Marathon, (the other two being Thomas Hicks in 1904 and Frank Shorter in 1972). In 1905 he had joined Bloomingdale Brothers as an assistant to the manager of the sporting goods department. At night he trained on a cinder track on the roof of the Bloomingdales building in New York. He

time of 2:11:32. On the women's side, the winner was Shalane Flanagan, a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. She was the first American to win since 1977. Her time was 2:26:53. Mary Keitany placed 2nd with 2:27:54, and Mamitu Daska finished 3rd with a time of 2:28:08. The 2018 TCS New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 4. Lelisa Desisa of Ethiopia won his first New York City Marathon after finishing third in 2017, third in 2015 and second in 2014, followed by Shura Kitata and defending champion Geoffrey Kamworor. Their times of 2:05:59, 2:06:01 and 2:06:26 were the

Sunday, November 2, 2014. It was announced on October 2, 2013, that the marathon's main sponsor would be Tata Consultancy Services starting in 2014. It is an eight-year deal, and the race was renamed the TCS New York City Marathon. Wind was unusually high, blowing from the north on a mostly northbound course. Winners were Wilson Kipsang and Mary Keitany. The 2015 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 1, 2015. Winners were Stanley Biwott and Mary Keitany. The 2016 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 6. Ghirmay Ghebreslassie won the men's competition with a

"Boston Marathon"
Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya won the Boston Marathon in a time of 2:03:02. Although this was the fastest marathon ever run at the time, the International Association of Athletics Federations noted that the performance was not eligible for world record status given that the course did not satisfy rules that regarded elevation drop and start/finish separation (the latter requirement being intended to prevent advantages gained from a strong tailwind, as was the case in 2011). The Associated Press reported that Mutai had the support of other runners who describe the IAAF's rules as ""flawed"". According to the ""Boston Herald"", race

in a time of 2:10:30. The top female finisher was Margaret Okayo of Kenya in time of 2:22:31, breaking her previous course record of 2:24:21 set in 2001. In recent years, runners from Kenya have dominated the event. The top Americans were Matt Downin (2:18:48) and Sylvia Mosqueda (2:33:10), both from California. Rapper P.Diddy also ran for charity and raised $2,000,000 for the New York City Education system. The top female finisher was Britain's Paula Radcliffe in a time of 2:23:10, beating Kenya's Susan Chepkemei by 4 seconds, the closest finish up to that time. The top male was Hendrik

"Sorry, Wrong Number"
""Sorry, Wrong Number"" conforms to many of the conventions of film noir. The movie plays in real time, with many flashbacks to flesh out the story. Stanwyck's bedroom window overlooks the night skyline of Manhattan. The film is shot very dark, with looming shadows and a circling camera used to maintain a high level of suspense. Hollywood's Production Code Administration initially objected to elements of Fletcher's screenplay, including its depiction of drug trafficking, and the script was significantly revised to win approval. For her role in the film, Stanwyck was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Lucille Fletcher's

Again"" and the 2014 action-thriller """". The latter two films were directed by Kenneth Branagh. Sorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day,

"419 (novel)"
419 (novel) 419 is a novel by Canadian writer Will Ferguson. Published by Penguin Canada in 2012, the novel was the winner of the 2012 Scotiabank Giller Prize. Titled for the section of the Nigerian Criminal Code which deals with fraud, the events of the novel are set in motion by Henry Curtis, a retired school teacher in Calgary, Alberta who dies in a car accident after becoming embroiled in an advance-fee fraud scam which has left his family destitute. Following his death, his daughter Laura travels to Lagos, Nigeria in an attempt to track down and bring to justice

"Roger Mais"
to give it a local face. ""Brother Man"" was Mais's contribution to this movement. The novel is situated in Kingston's slums. It portrays the daily condition of poverty of the society. Kamau Brathwaite refers to this as the ""jazz novel"", where the ""words are 'notes' that develop into riffs, themes, and 'choruses,' themselves part of a call/response design based on the aesthetic principle of solo/duo/trio improvisatons, with a return, at the end of each 'chorus,' to the basic group/ensemble community."" Unlike the first two novels, ""Black Lightning"" (1955) takes place in the countryside. The novel centres on Jake, a blacksmith

"John Lescroart"
""Guilt"" was a """"Readers Digest"" Select Edition"" choice. Eighteen of John Lescroart’s novels have been The New York Times Best Seller list. [It is strongly hinted in these books that Lupa (the son of Sherlock Holmes and Irene Adler) later becomes Nero Wolfe, although Wolfe is never mentioned by name.] Lescroart's most popular works are a series of legal and crime dramas taking place in and around San Francisco, beginning with the thriller ""Dead Irish"". They center around the adventures of ex-cop and lawyer, Dismas Hardy, and his best friend, officer Abe Glitsky, among many other friends and associates. His

Sorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day, while listening to what seems to be a crossed telephone connection, she hears two men

"Hangover Square"
Hangover Square Hangover Square is a 1941 novel by English playwright and novelist Patrick Hamilton (1904–1962). Subtitled ""A tale of Darkest Earl's Court"" it is set in that area of London in 1939. A black comedy, it is often cited as Hamilton's finest novel, exemplifying the author's concerns over social inequalities, the rise of Fascism and the hovering doom of World War II. Set against the backdrop of the days preceding Britain declaring war on Germany, the main character is George Harvey Bone, a lonely borderline alcoholic who has a form of dissociative identity disorder, referred to in the text

"""M"" Is for Malice"
""M"" Is for Malice ""M"" Is for Malice is the 13th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel is set in 1986. In January 1986, Tasha Howard hires her cousin Kinsey Millhone to find an heir of the wealthy Malek family. When patriarch Bader Malek died, everyone assumed his $40 million estate would be split between his sons Donovan, who runs the Malek construction empire, Bennet, a would-be entrepreneur, and Jack, a playboy. However, the will also names the supposedly disinherited second son Guy,

"Sorry, Right Number"
Brandon Stewart and Nicole Huntington as the Weiderman children. It was later produced as a short film in 2005, directed and adapted by Brian Berkowitz. The cast included Darrin Stevens, Karla Droege, Michael Brady, Kimberly D'Armond, Karoline Striplin, and Barbara Weetman. The title is a pun on the title of the radio play and film ""Sorry, Wrong Number"". Katie Weiderman is talking to her sister on the phone one night. Her husband, Bill, is in his study trying to find inspiration for a new novel. Her children are arguing about whether or not to watch ""Ghost Kiss"", a gory TV

"Worst. Person. Ever."
motivated by the question, ""Why not just go against a trend and write something that might actually damage a person's soul if they read it?"" Raymond Gunt's journey begins in London, where in a meeting with his ex-wife, Fiona, she offers Raymond a job as a B-Unit cameraman on a reality TV show titled ""Survival"". While preparing to leave for this journey, he befriends and hires a homeless man named Neal as an assistant, and prepares himself to deal with a British/American culture clash. From this point in the novel, Raymond Gunt's journey is one of offense, crassness, and shock.

"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty"
Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty ""Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty"" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in ""Archie"" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years that follow his college graduation when Archie makes his ultimate decision to marry Veronica Lodge instead of Betty Cooper. In Issues # 603–605, the story switches and Archie proposes marriage to Betty instead of to Veronica. Issue #606 serves as the epilogue to the

burger joint on Staten Island while his girlfriend Midge Klump will be running her own nail salon in Bayonne, New Jersey. Dilton Doiley is going to M.I.T. for his doctorate in quantum mechanics, Reggie Mantle will become a used car salesman in Atlanta and Jughead Jones will stick around Riverdale grilling burgers at Pop Tate's Choklit Shoppe until he ""figures things out"". Finally, Betty Cooper will be working as a buyer at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City. After the party, Archie is given a large sum of money by his parents which he uses for the down payment

yellow wood, Memory Lane splits into two dirt roads. He chooses the left one and was cast four years into the future on the eve of his college graduation. His mother Mary states that Veronica Lodge is waiting for him inside the house. He and Veronica discuss the changes in their lives, and both accept growing up. After the graduation, Veronica hosts a party at her mansion. Archie learns that Veronica is planning to work for her father's company in either London or Hong Kong. As for the rest of the gang, Moose Mason is going to manage his uncle's

of other futures and in each one Archie is married to a different woman. Some of these futures had Archie being married to Cheryl Blossom, Sabrina Spellman, and even Josie. Seeing these futures Valerie runs out of Memory Lane and happily reunites with Archie. Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty ""Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty"" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in ""Archie"" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years

about Archie's clothes and talent. Archie tries to defend himself, but Betty tries to pass it off as a joke. However, when he tries to insult Archie again, Betty loses it and tells him she would punch him if she wasn't as classy as her husband, and quits her job on the spot. The two decide to move back to Riverdale, and Archie willingly gives up his thriving music career. The next day, while packing their bags, Cassie shows up at their apartment and tries convincing her to stay on in her job. However, Betty thanks her and says she

father's shoulder, but he assures her that there are plenty of men out there and “things always work out for the best.” All of Riverdale is gossiping about the upcoming nuptials, and whether Veronica's fortune should be a factor. On the night of Archie's bachelor party at Pop Tate's, his groomsmen, Jughead, Reggie, Moose, Dilton, and Chuck express concern for Veronica and her place among Betty's bridesmaids. Meanwhile, Betty goes to the Lodge estate and asks Veronica to be her maid of honor, who promptly slams the door in her face. However, after seeing her so upset, Veronica agrees and

and Veronica begin Lamaze class, which proves to be a slapstick disaster for Archie. One night when Veronica's ill, Jughead fills in for her replete with a pillow under his shirt and hilarity ensues. Despite all of this, Archie promises to be calm when the big day arrives. Shortly thereafter, Veronica goes into labor and he drives her to the hospital. Soon, Veronica delivers a a pair of fraternal twins, a redheaded boy named Archie, and a black haired girl named Veronica. Time passes and Archie and Veronica move back to Riverdale and buy a minivan. Parenting is exhausting for

on an engagement ring for Veronica a few weeks later in New York. He proposes to her just as Betty and Jughead happen to walk by and witness. Veronica accepts, while Betty runs weeping in an unknown direction. Eventually, Archie and Veronica tell Mr. Lodge, who accepts Archie as his future son-in-law as long as he works for Lodge Industries. Archie accepts while his fiancee plans the biggest wedding Riverdale has ever seen. Jughead later chastises Archie for not telling him his plan, and advised him not to go near Betty for a while, so that she will be able

Mr. Lodge tells him that he cannot accept him, not for jilting his daughter (he thinks Archie is a bright fellow), but that his company is not hiring anyone. In the midst of their wedding preparations, Betty reveals to Archie that she has received a job offer as a buyer for Saks 5th Avenue in New York City. She had applied before they became engaged because it was something she wanted to try, but plans to turn down the job in order to be a teacher and to be with Archie. He is shocked at first, but tells her that

him that could have been his life, but Archie tells her he doesn't want that life when he has already the best life with her. Archie later decides to go for a walk in the woods and then decides to walk down Memory Lane, and soon finds himself back in the present. He runs into Jughead who reminds him of the poetry recital in Miss Grundy's class the next day. Archie tells him he worries too much. As the two best friends walk home, he reads his part of the poetry reading, the last stanza of ""The Road Not Taken""

how and why were serial novels a phenomenon in the nineteenth century

"Serial (literature)"
produced large works in lower-cost installments called fascicles. Serialized fiction surged in popularity during Britain's Victorian era, due to a combination of the rise of literacy, technological advances in printing, and improved economics of distribution. Most Victorian novels first appeared as installments in monthly or weekly periodicals. The wild success of Charles Dickens's ""The Pickwick Papers"", first published in 1836, is widely considered to have established the viability and appeal of the serialized format within periodical literature. During that era, the line between ""quality"" and ""commercial"" literature was not distinct. Other famous writers who wrote serial literature for popular magazines

volume, a novel would often be consumed by readers in installments over a period as long as a year, with the authors and periodicals often responding to audience reaction. In France, Alexandre Dumas and Eugène Sue were masters of the serialized genre. ""The Three Musketeers"" and ""The Count of Monte Cristo"" each appeared as a ""feuilleton"". ""The Count of Monte Cristo"" was stretched out to 139 installments. Eugène Sue's serial novel ""Le Juif errant"" increased circulation of ""Le Constitutionnel"" from 3,600 to 25,000. Production in book form soon followed and serialization was one of the main reasons that nineteenth-century novels

part determined the author's success, as audience appetite created demand for further installments. In the German-speaking countries, the serialized novel was widely popularized by the weekly family magazine ""Die Gartenlaube"", which reached a circulation of 382,000 by 1875. In Russia, ""The Russian Messenger"" serialized Leo Tolstoy's ""Anna Karenina"" from 1873 to 1877 and Fyodor Dostoevsky's ""The Brothers Karamazov"" from 1879 to 1880. In Poland, Bolesław Prus wrote several serialized novels: ""The Outpost"" (1885–86), ""The Doll"" (1887–89), ""The New Woman"" (1890–93), and his sole historical novel, ""Pharaoh"" (the latter, exceptionally, written entire over a year's time in 1894–95 and serialized only

"Detective fiction"
Rogêt"" in 1843 and ""The Purloined Letter"" in 1845. Poe referred to his stories as ""tales of ratiocination"". In stories such as these, the primary concern of the plot is ascertaining truth, and the usual means of obtaining the truth is a complex and mysterious process combining intuitive logic, astute observation, and perspicacious inference. ""Early detective stories tended to follow an investigating protagonist from the first scene to the last, making the unravelling a practical rather than emotional matter."" ""The Mystery of Marie Rogêt"" is particularly interesting because it is a barely fictionalized account based on Poe's theory of what

"Gothic fiction"
Walpole, it was further developed by Clara Reeve, Ann Radcliffe, William Thomas Beckford and Matthew Lewis. The genre had much success in the 19th century, as witnessed in prose by Mary Shelley's ""Frankenstein"" and the works of Edgar Allan Poe as well as Charles Dickens with his novella, ""A Christmas Carol"", and in poetry in the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Lord Byron. Another well known novel in this genre, dating from the late Victorian era, is Bram Stoker's ""Dracula"". The name ""Gothic"", which originally referred to the Goths, and then came to mean ""German"", refers to the (pseudo)-medieval

were so long. Authors and publishers kept the story going if it was successful since authors were paid by line and by episode. Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" was serialized in ""La Revue de Paris"" in 1856. Some writers were prolific. Alexandre Dumas wrote at an incredible pace, oftentimes writing with his partner twelve to fourteen hours a day, working on several novels for serialized publication at once. However, not every writer could keep up with the serial writing pace. Wilkie Collins, for instance, was never more than a week before publication. The difference in writing pace and output in large

the law as protecting the murderer and destroying the innocent. Thomas Skinner Sturr's anonymous ""Richmond, or stories in the life of a Bow Street officer"" was published in London in 1827; the Danish crime story ""The Rector of Veilbye"" by Steen Steensen Blicher was written in 1829; and the Norwegian crime novel ""Mordet paa Maskinbygger Roolfsen"" (""The Murder of Engine Maker Roolfsen"") by Maurits Hansen was published in December 1839. ""Das Fräulein von Scuderi"" is an 1819 short story by E. T. A. Hoffmann, in which Mlle de Scudery establishes the innocence of the police's favorite suspect in the murder

Gothic fiction Gothic fiction, which is largely known by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature and film that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance. Its origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel ""The Castle of Otranto"", subtitled (in its second edition) ""A Gothic Story"". The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel. It originated in England in the second half of the 18th century where, following

"Serial film"
in 1911. Usually filmed with low budgets, serials were action-packed stories that usually involved a hero (or heroes) battling an evil villain and rescuing damsel in distress. The villain would continually place the hero into inescapable deathtraps, or the heroine would be placed into a deathtrap and the hero would bravely come to her rescue, usually pulling her away from certain death only moments before she met her doom. The hero and heroine would face one trap after another, battling countless thugs and lackeys, before finally defeating the villain. Many famous clichés of action-adventure movies had their origins in the

their work in serial form and then only later in a completed volume format. As a piece in ""Scribner's Monthly"" explained in 1878, ""Now it is the second or third rate novelist who cannot get publication in a magazine, and is obliged to publish in a volume, and it is in the magazine that the best novelist always appears first."" Among the American writers that wrote in serial form were Henry James and Herman Melville. A large part of the appeal for writers at the time was the broad audiences that serialization could reach, which would then grow their following

released as her coronation single ""I Believe"", a song co-written by the first season finalist Tamyra Gray, and DeGarmo released ""Dreams"". The fourth season premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of the third season was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit was raised to 28 in this season, and among those who benefited from this new rule were Constantine Maroulis and

Fremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. In May 2017, ABC was making a bid to revive the program. ABC acquired the rights to the series, and that ""American Idol"" would return for the 2017–18 television season. Katy Perry, Luke Bryan and Lionel Richie were the three judges and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. The revival season premiered on March 11, 2018. On May 21, 2018 the season concluded, crowning Maddie Poppe winner and Caleb Lee Hutchinson runner-up. ABC

the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales. The tenth season of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of ""The X Factor""), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer. Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of ""American Idol"", acted as the in-house

one. One change was nevertheless made due to the presence of multiple time zones in the United States that made it impractical for the country to vote in the same time period, an additional half-hour results show was therefore added the day following the performance show. The show was renamed ""American Idol: The Search for a Superstar"" and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job of showrunner, but turned down the offer; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to the surprise of Cowell and Fox, it became one of the biggest shows of the

2016. In May 2017, ABC acquired the rights to the series and the program would return for the 2017–18 television season. The show had originally planned on having four judges following the ""Pop Idol"" format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing ""image concerns"". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few

"MacBook Pro"
Radeon Pro 450, 455 or 460 graphics card in addition to the integrated Intel graphics. Additionally, Apple introduced a cheaper lower-end 13-inch model which lacks the Touch Bar in favor of function keys, and has only two USB-C ports. The flash storage in the Touch Bar models is soldered to the logic board and is not upgradeable, while in the 13-inch model without Touch Bar, it is removable, but difficult to replace, as it is a proprietary format of SSD storage. On June 5, 2017 Apple updated the line with Intel Kaby Lake processors and newer graphics cards. Additionally, the

13-inch model now comes with a 128GB storage option, down from the base 256GB storage. On July 12, 2018 Apple updated the Touch Bar models with Intel Coffee Lake quad-core processors in 13-inch models and six-core processors in 15-inch models, updated graphics cards, third-generation butterfly keyboards, Bluetooth 5, T2 SoC Chip, True Tone display technology, and larger capacity batteries. The 15-inch model can also be configured with up to 4TB of storage, 32GB of DDR4 memory and a Core i9 processor. In late November the higher-end 15-inch model could be configured with Radeon Pro Vega graphics. The fourth generation MacBook

model was updated with Intel Broadwell processors, Iris 6100 graphics, faster flash storage, increased battery life, and a Force Touch trackpad. On May 19, 2015, the 15-inch model was also updated with similarly fast flash storage, increased battery life, the Force Touch trackpad, and an AMD Radeon R9 discrete graphics card on the higher-end model. The higher-end 15-inch model also added support for dual-cable output to 5120×2880 displays. The 15-inch models were released with the same Intel Haswell processors and Iris Pro graphics as the 2014 models due to a delay in shipment of newer Broadwell quad-core processors. Apple continued

"Mac Pro"
revealed in 2017 that the thermal core design had limited the ability to upgrade the Mac Pro's GPUs and that a new design was under development, to be released sometime after 2017. On September 18, 2018, the Mac Pro surpassed the Macintosh Plus's production life record for an unchanged Mac model, with the Plus having remained on sale unchanged for 1,734 days. In April 2018, Apple confirmed that a new redesigned Mac Pro will be released in 2019 to replace the 2nd generation Mac Pro. The iMac Pro, released in December 2017, serves as a stopgap release between the two

models during a press event at their headquarters on October 27, 2016. All models, except the baseline 13-inch model, introduced the Touch Bar, a multi-touch enabled OLED strip built into the top of the keyboard in place of the function keys. The Touch Bar models also include a sapphire-glass covered Touch ID sensor at the right end of the Touch Bar which doubles as a power button. The models also introduce a ""second-generation"" butterfly mechanism keyboard that provided more travel than the first iteration implemented on the Retina MacBook. The 13-inch model has a trackpad that is 46% larger than

is thinner than its predecessor and is the first to include a high-resolution Retina Display. A 13-inch variant was released in October 2012. The fourth generation MacBook Pro was announced on October 27, 2016. It replaces the function keys with an interactive, multi-touch ""Touch Bar"" and a Touch ID sensor integrated into the Power button. The original 15-inch MacBook Pro was announced on January 10, 2006 by Steve Jobs at the Macworld Conference & Expo. The 17-inch model was unveiled on April 24, 2006. The first design was largely a carryover from the PowerBook G4, but uses Intel Core CPUs

technology, Sandy Bridge dual core Intel Core i5 and i7 (on the 13-inch model) or quad-core i7 (on the 15- and 17-inch models) processors, and a high definition FaceTime camera were added on February 24, 2011. Intel HD Graphics 3000 come integrated with the CPU, while the 15- and 17-inch models also utilize AMD Radeon HD 6490M and Radeon HD 6750M graphics cards. Later editions of these models, following the release of OS X Lion, replaced the dashboard (F4) key with a launchpad key. The chassis bottoms are also engraved differently from the 2010 models. The Thunderbolt serial bus platform

Retina Display. Other new or changed features include a second Thunderbolt port, a HDMI port, and a thinner MagSafe port, dubbed the ""MagSafe 2"". Apple introduced a 13-inch version on October 23, 2012 with specifications similar but slightly inferior to the 15-inch version's, such as less powerful processors. The new models omit Ethernet and FireWire 800 ports, though Apple offers Thunderbolt adapters for both interfaces. They also omit a SuperDrive, making the 15-inch model Apple's first professional notebook since the PowerBook 2400c to ship without a built-in optical drive. Instead of a hard disk drive, the new models ship with

with Intel's Haswell processors and Iris Graphics, 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Thunderbolt 2, and PCIe-based flash storage. The chassis of the 13-inch version was slightly slimmed to to match the 15-inch model. The lower-end 15-inch model only included integrated graphics while the higher-end model continued to include a discrete Nvidia graphics card in addition to integrated graphics. Support for 4K video output via HDMI was added but limited the maximum number of external displays from three to two. On July 29, 2014 Apple announced updated prices and processors for the Haswell MacBook Pro with Retina Display. On March 9, 2015, the 13-inch

tools. A report by AppleInsider has claimed that the updated butterfly keyboard fails twice as often as previous models, often due to particles stuck beneath the keys. Repairs for stuck keys have been estimated to cost more than $700. In May 2018, two class action lawsuits were filed against Apple regarding the keyboard issue with one alleging a ""constant threat of nonresponsive keys and accompanying keyboard failure"" and accusing Apple of not alerting consumers to the issue. In June 2018, Apple announced a Service Program to ""service eligible MacBook and MacBook Pro keyboards, free of charge"". The 2018 models added

"Battle of San Juan Hill"
Battle of San Juan Hill The Battle of San Juan Hill (July 1, 1898), also known as the battle for the San Juan Heights, was a decisive battle of the Spanish–American War. The San Juan heights was a north-south running elevation about east of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. The names San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill were given to the location by the Americans. This fight for the heights was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the war. It was also the location of the so called ""greatest victory"" for the Rough Riders, as stated by the press and

the following day, on July 2, 1898, having encountered unexpectedly heavy resistance in the battle of El Caney. The Americans, aided by Cuban insurgents, immediately began the investment of Santiago, which surrendered just over two weeks later, on July 17, 1898. Although Roosevelt and the Rough Riders achieved considerable fame with the victory, other soldiers fared less well. Ord never received recognition in the popular press of the day for his actions. The Army turned down requests for a medal for his heroism from his commanding officer and his commanding general. Battle of San Juan Hill The Battle of San

the knife, losing a third of their force in casualties, but yielding very few prisoners. In view of the large number of U.S. casualties incurred from small-arms fire, the Army decided to update and modernize its small arms arsenal. The .45-70 and M1892 (Krag) Springfield rifles were quickly retired from service in favor of new Mauser-pattern .30-03 (later .30-06 Springfield) M1903 Springfield rifles, while the remaining .30 Army Gatling guns were replaced in 1909 by the M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun. Lawton's division, which was supposed to have joined the fight early on July 1, 1898, did not arrive until noon

its new commander, Theodore Roosevelt, who eventually became vice president and later president of the United States, and who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in 2001 for his actions in Cuba. Spanish General Arsenio Linares ordered 760 Spanish Army regular troops to hold the San Juan heights against an American offensive on July 1, 1898. For unclear reasons, Linares failed to reinforce this position, choosing to hold nearly 10,000 Spanish reserves in the city of Santiago de Cuba. Spanish hilltop entrenchments, while typically well-concealed, were not all correctly positioned for plunging fire, which made return fire at the

"Battle of San Jacinto"
Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of San Jacinto (), fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston, the Texian Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army in a fight that lasted just 18 minutes. A detailed, first-hand account of the battle was written by General Houston from Headquarters of the Texian Army, San Jacinto, on April 25, 1836. Numerous secondary analyses and interpretations have followed, several of which are cited and discussed throughout this entry. General Santa Anna, the

"Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana"
Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana The Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred on 12 July 1811 in the area around Cuauhtémoc, Colima known as Llanos de Santa Juana. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The Mexican insurgents were commanded by General and the Spanish by Colonel . The battle resulted in a victory for the Spanish royalists. The insurgents, commanded by General (also known as ""Cadenas""), were routed by the

hats to identify them as Texian soldiers. The area along Buffalo Bayou had many thick oak groves, separated by marshes. This type of terrain was familiar to the Texians and quite alien to the Mexican soldiers. Houston's army, comprising 900 men, reached Lynch's Ferry mid-morning on April 20; Santa Anna's 700-man force arrived a few hours later. The Texians made camp in a wooded area along the bank of Buffalo Bayou; while the location provided good cover and helped hide their full strength, it also left the Texians no room for retreat. Over the protests of several of his officers,

opposition to Santa Anna, he was still loyal to Mexico and did not wish to help Texas break away. Fannin discharged him from his duties and sent him home. On March 4 Houston's military authority was expanded to include ""the land forces of the Texian army both Regular, Volunteer, and Militia."" At 5 a.m. on March 6, the Mexican troops launched their final assault on the Alamo. The guns fell silent 90 minutes later; the Alamo had fallen. Survivors Susannah Dickinson, her daughter Angelina, Travis' slave Joe, and Almonte's cook Ben were spared by Santa Anna and sent to Gonzales,

"Battle of San Patricio"
Battle of San Patricio The Battle of San Patricio was fought on February 27, 1836 between Mexican troops and rebellious immigrants to the Mexican province of Texas, known as Texians. The battle marked the start of the Goliad Campaign, the Mexican offensive to retake the Texas Gulf Coast. It took place in and around San Patricio. By the end of 1835, all Mexican troops had been driven from Texas. Frank W. Johnson, the commander of the volunteer army in Texas, and James Grant gathered volunteers for a planned invasion of the Mexican port town of Matamoros. After spending several weeks

"Battle of Palmito Ranch"
Battle of Palmito Ranch The Battle of Palmito Ranch is considered by some criteria as the final battle of the American Civil War. It was fought May 12 and 13, 1865, on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas and a few miles from the seaport of Los Brazos de Santiago. Since the Confederacy had ceased to exist, it is also argued that this battle should be classified as a postwar action. Union and Confederate forces in southern Texas had been observing an unofficial truce since the beginning of 1865. But Union Colonel Theodore H. Barrett, newly

"All I Want for Christmas Is You"
All I Want for Christmas Is You ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" is a Christmas song performed by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She wrote and produced the song alongside Walter Afanasieff. Columbia Records released it on November 1, 1994, as the lead single from her fourth studio album and first holiday album, ""Merry Christmas"" (1994). The track is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back-up vocals, and synthesizers. It is also considered the best-selling modern day Christmas song. Two music videos were commissioned for the song: the song's primary music video features grainy

chart on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 (peaking at No. 83 in January 2000). The song topped the ""Billboard"" Hot Digital Songs chart in December 2005, but it was unable to attain a new peak on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart because it was considered a recurrent single and was thus ineligible for chart re-entry.<ref name=billboardall> All I Want for Christmas Is You ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" is a Christmas song performed by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She wrote and produced the song alongside Walter Afanasieff. Columbia Records released it on November 1, 1994, as the

other places. (You might also analyze it as a half-diminished 'ii' 7th chord, but either interpretation seems accurate)."" According to Roch Parisien from AllMusic, the song contains ""The Beach Boys-style harmonies, jangling bells, and a sleigh-ride pace, injecting one of the few bits of exuberant fun in this otherwise vanilla set."" Critics have noted the song's 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s influences which, in conjunction with Carey's voice and its simple melody, heralded its recipe for success. In discussing the song's chord progression and stylistic approaches, ""Slate""s Adam Ragusea hailed the song as ""the only Christmas song written in the last

song for her second holiday album, ""Merry Christmas II You"", titled ""All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)"". Carey also re-recorded the song as a duet with Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his 2011 album ""Under the Mistletoe"", titled ""All I Want for Christmas for You (SuperFestive!)"". The song has also been covered by many artists over the years. In the years since its original release, ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" has been critically acclaimed; it was once called ""one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon"" in ""The New Yorker"". It has

Christmas Time)"" and the ""Gospel-tinged and religious"" ""Jesus Born on This Day"". The third and final original song the pair planned to write was to be centered and inspired and in the vein of a ""Phil Spector, old rock 'n roll, sixties-sounding Christmas song"". The song begins with a ""sparking"" bit of percussion ""that resembles an antique music box or a whimsical snow globe."" After Carey's a cappella style vocal introduction, the song introduces other seasonal percussive signifiers including; celebratory church-like bells, cheerful sleigh bells, and ""an underlying rhythmic beat that sounds like the loping pace of a horse or

the song merrily bouncing along."" Lyrically, the song describes the yearning desire to be with a loved one for Christmas, regardless of whether they have to forgo the usual commercial aspect of the holiday season such as ornamental lights, trees, snow and presents. The song incorporates various instruments, including piano, drums, violin, oboe, flute, bell chimes, bass effect, and cowbells. The song layers background vocals throughout the chorus and sections of the bridge. ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" is played at an original tempo of 150.162 beats per minute. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by

become established as a Christmas standard and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season. The song was commercially successful, topping the charts in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia and Sweden while reaching number two in Australia, Austria, Japan, and the United Kingdom, and the top 10 in several other countries. With global sales of over 16 million copies, the song remains Carey's biggest international success and is the 11th best-selling single of all time. As of 2017, the song was reported to have earned $60 million in royalties. Following the success of the singer's 1993

reindeer. These sounds echo religious and secular musical touchstones, without veering blatantly too much in either direction, and give the song an upbeat, joyous tone."" In an interview in 1994, Carey described the song as ""fun"", and continued: ""It's very traditional, old-fashioned Christmas. It's very retro, kind of '60s."" Afanasieff went further in breaking down the song's musical elements: ""A lush bed of keyboards, reminiscent of a small-scale Wall of Sound, cushions the song's cheery rhythms, while a soulful vocal chorus adds robust oohs, tension-creating counter-melodies, and festive harmonies. Most notably, however, the song's jaunty piano chords and melody keep

"All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song)"
100 Airplay charts), and has re-appeared on the Hot Country Recurrents chart every Christmas since late 2000-early 2001. Sammy Kershaw covered the song on his 1994 album ""Christmas Time's A-Comin"". Santa's Doo Wop Helpers (Joel Katz, Johnny Maestro, Bobby Jay and Larry Chance) recorded the song in 1996 for various compilation Christmas CDs. LeAnn Rimes covered the song for her 2004 Christmas album ""What a Wonderful World"". All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song) ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" is a Christmas song recorded by American novelty act Vince Vance & the

Is You"" was recorded that August and took 15 minutes to compose. Often referencing herself a festive person and demonstrating a usual penchant for her love of all things Christmas, Carey began decorating the home she shared with Mottola in upstate New York (which also came equipped with a personal recording studio) with Christmas ornaments and other holiday-inspired trinkets. In doing so, Carey felt she could capture the essence and spirit of what she was singing and make her vocal performance and delivery more emotive and authentic. The songwriting pair carved out the chords, structure and melody for the song

Christmas
the feast of Sol Invictus. The fact the Donatists of North Africa celebrated Christmas suggests that the feast was established by the time that church was created in 311. In Eastern Christianity the birth of Jesus was celebrated in connection with the Epiphany on January 6, which however emphasized celebration of the baptism of Jesus. Christmas was promoted in the Christian East as part of the revival of Nicene Christianity following the death of the pro-Arian Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. The feast was introduced at Constantinople in 379, in Antioch by John Chrysostom towards the

Christmas
not necessarily show that Christmas was not a feast at this time. The earliest known Christmas celebration is recorded in a fourth-century manuscript compiled in Rome. This manuscript is thought to record a celebration that occurred in 336. It was prepared privately for Furius Dionysius Filocalus, a Roman aristocrat, in 354. The reference in question states, ""VIII kal. ian. natus Christus in Betleem Iudeæ"" translated as ""8 Kalends January Birth of Christ in Bethlehem, Judea."" This reference is in a section of the manuscript that was copied from earlier source material. The document also contains the earliest known reference to

Christmas
in 1620 when they spent their first Christmas Day in the New World working – thus demonstrating their complete contempt for the day. Non-Puritans in New England deplored the loss of the holidays enjoyed by the laboring classes in England. Christmas observance was outlawed in Boston in 1659. The ban by the Puritans was revoked in 1681 by English governor Edmund Andros, however it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region. At the same time, Christian residents of Virginia and New York observed the holiday freely. Pennsylvania German Settlers, pre-eminently the Moravian

Christmas
that in London it was the custom at Christmas for every house and all the parish churches to be ""decked with holm, ivy, bays, and whatsoever the season of the year afforded to be green"". The heart-shaped leaves of ivy were said to symbolize the coming to earth of Jesus, while holly was seen as protection against pagans and witches, its thorns and red berries held to represent the Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus at the crucifixion and the blood he shed. Nativity scenes are known from 10th-century Rome. They were popularised by Saint Francis of Assisi from 1223,

Christmas
This anonymous tract also states: ""But Our Lord, too, is born in the month of December ... the eight before the calends of January [25 December] ..., But they call it the 'Birthday of the Unconquered'. Who indeed is so unconquered as Our Lord...? Or, if they say that it is the birthday of the Sun, He is the Sun of Justice."" The rival ""History of Religions"" hypothesis suggests that the Church selected December 25 date to appropriate festivities held by the Romans in honor of the Sun god Sol Invictus. This feast was established by Aurelian in 274. An

Christmas
by many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the holiday season centered around it. The traditional Christmas narrative, the Nativity of Jesus, delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in accordance with messianic prophecies. When Joseph and Mary arrived in the city, the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born, with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then further disseminated the information. Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early-to-mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had

Christmas
England, gifts were exchanged on New Year's Day, and there was special Christmas ale. Christmas during the Middle Ages was a public festival that incorporated ivy, holly, and other evergreens. Christmas gift-giving during the Middle Ages was usually between people with legal relationships, such as tenant and landlord. The annual indulgence in eating, dancing, singing, sporting, and card playing escalated in England, and by the 17th century the Christmas season featured lavish dinners, elaborate masques, and pageants. In 1607, King James I insisted that a play be acted on Christmas night and that the court indulge in games. It was

Christmas
the festival in a more religiously oriented form. King Charles I of England directed his noblemen and gentry to return to their landed estates in midwinter to keep up their old-style Christmas generosity. Following the Parliamentarian victory over Charles I during the English Civil War, England's Puritan rulers banned Christmas in 1647. Protests followed as pro-Christmas rioting broke out in several cities and for weeks Canterbury was controlled by the rioters, who decorated doorways with holly and shouted royalist slogans. The book, ""The Vindication of Christmas"" (London, 1652), argued against the Puritans, and makes note of Old English Christmas traditions,

Christmas
as Advent. In Italy, former Saturnalian traditions were attached to Advent. Around the 12th century, these traditions transferred again to the Twelve Days of Christmas (December 25 – January 5); a time that appears in the liturgical calendars as Christmastide or Twelve Holy Days. The prominence of Christmas Day increased gradually after Charlemagne was crowned Emperor on Christmas Day in 800. King Edmund the Martyr was anointed on Christmas in 855 and King William I of England was crowned on Christmas Day 1066. By the High Middle Ages, the holiday had become so prominent that chroniclers routinely noted where various

Christmas
day that is December 25. In the Council of Tours of 567, the Church, with its desire to be universal, ""declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to be one unified festal cycle"", thus giving significance to both the Western and Eastern dates of Christmas. Associating it with drunkenness and other misbehaviour, the Puritans banned Christmas in the 17th century. It was restored as a legal holiday in 1660, but remained disreputable. In the early 19th century, the Oxford Movement in the Anglican Church ushered in ""the development of richer and more symbolic forms of worship, the building of

"Los Angeles Dodgers"
1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, and 2018, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 20 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 11 in Los Angeles. For most of the first half of the 20th century, no Major League Baseball team employed an African American player. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for a Major League Baseball team

Los Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in . The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 23 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for

and the red number on the front. These were worn with white pants and a new cap with silver brim, top button and Dodger logo. These alternates proved unpopular and the team abandoned them after only one season. In 2014, the Dodgers introduced an alternate road jersey: a gray version with the ""Dodgers"" script instead of the city name. In 2018, the Dodgers will be wearing their 60th anniversary patch to honor the 60 years of being in Los Angeles. The Dodgers have been groundbreaking in their signing of players from Asia; mainly Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Former owner

franchise attendance, dating back to 1901, had reached 175 million, a record for all professional sports. In 2007, the Dodgers set a franchise record for single-season attendance, attracting over 3.8 million fans. In 2009, the Dodgers led MLB in total attendance. The Dodger baseball cap is consistently in the top three in sales. During the 2011–2012 season, Frank McCourt, the owner of the Dodgers at that time, was going through a rough divorce with his wife over who should be the owner of the Dodger team. Instead, Frank McCourt paid $131 million to his wife as part of the divorce

two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers and Los Angeles Dodgers have collectively appeared in the World Series 20 times, while the New York Giants and

the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards; eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996. In the early 20th century, the team, then known as the Robins, won league pennants in 1916 and 1920, losing the World Series both times, first to Boston and then Cleveland. In the 1930s, the team changed its name

a three-game interleague series. Their last meeting was in September 2016, when the Dodgers won two out of three games in New York. The Dodgers have a loyal fanbase, evidenced by the fact that the Dodgers were the first MLB team to attract more than 3 million fans in a season (in 1978), and accomplished that feat six more times before any other franchise did it once. The Dodgers drew at least 3 million fans for 15 consecutive seasons from 1996 to 2010, the longest such streak in all of MLB. On July 3, 2007, Dodgers management announced that total

Eagles. For the 2016 season, the Dodgers signed starting pitcher Kenta Maeda with an eight-year, $25 million contract, after posting a bid of $20 million to acquire him from the NPB's Hiroshima Toyo Carp. The Dodgers' rivalry with the San Francisco Giants dates back to the 19th century, when the two teams were based in New York; the rivalry with the New York Yankees took place when the Dodgers were based in New York, but was revived with their East Coast/West Coast World Series battles in 1963, 1977, 1978, and 1981. The Dodgers rivalry with the Philadelphia Phillies also dates

2007 season, Jackie Robinson Day (April 15, commemorating Opening Day of Robinson's rookie season of 1947) has featured many or all players and coaches wearing the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson. The Dodgers have not issued the number 34 since the departure of Fernando Valenzuela in 1991, although it has not been officially retired. Since 1884, the Dodgers have used a total of 31 Managers, the most current being Dave Roberts, who was appointed following the 2015 postseason, after the departure of Don Mattingly. Over the nearly 43 years from 1954 to mid-1996, the Dodgers employed only two

blend of Dodgers blue and Giants orange. The Dodgers were the first Major League Baseball team to ever play in Los Angeles. On April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first LA game, defeating the former New York and now new San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season accident, was never able to play in Los Angeles. Construction on Dodger Stadium was completed in time for Opening Day 1962. With its clean, simple lines and its picturesque setting amid hills and palm trees, the ballpark

""far-out"", ""tubuloso"", ""bodacious"", and possibly the most recognized, ""cowabunga"". On April 21, 1990, a drug-prevention television special was broadcast on ABC, NBC, and CBS named ""Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue"" that featured some of the most popular cartoons at the time; representing TMNT was Michelangelo, voiced by Townsend Coleman. Starting on September 8, 1990 (with a different opening sequence), the show began its run on CBS. The CBS weekend edition ran for a full hour until 1994, initially airing a few Saturday-exclusive episodes back-to-back. Also, a brief ""Turtle Tips"" segment aired between the two episodes, which served as public-service announcement

"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)"
released in December 2013 as part of the acquisition of the franchise by Viacom. It was announced on May 27, 2010, that Michael Bay's Platinum Dunes production company had landed the rights to the new film. The film is a co-production between Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies. The first film was directed by Jonathan Liebesman and stars Megan Fox as April O'Neil, Will Arnett, William Fichtner, and features motion capture CGI for the Turtles and Splinter, the film was released on August 8, 2014. The film became a box office success. A sequel, """" was announced for June 3, 2016

of Johnny Knoxville and Tony Shalhoub. The film was announced shortly before ""Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"" co-creator Peter Laird sold the rights to the characters to Nickelodeon in October 2009. The film was released on August 8, 2014, and received generally negative reviews from critics. However, it was a box office success, earning $493.3 million on a $125 million budget and it became the highest grossing film in the series. A sequel, """", was released on June 3, 2016. April O'Neil, a local reporter for Channel 6 Eyewitness News in New York City, investigates a crime wave by a group

"United States two-dollar bill"
a United States Note. Production went on until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design. Two-dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand. This comparative scarcity in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation, has also inspired urban legends about its authenticity and value and has occasionally created problems for those trying to

use the bill to make purchases. The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act, and first used in March 1862. The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two-dollar bill was assigned to. In 1966, the Treasury Department decided to discontinue production of all denominations of United States Notes, which included the two-dollar bill. The two-dollar denomination was not immediately reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued; the Treasury cited the two-dollar

it was superimposed over the gray word . The United States Note obligation now became superimposed over a gray numeral 2. The reverse remained unchanged. The final change to $2 United States Notes came in 1963 when the motto was added to the reverse over the Monticello. Further, because dollar bills were soon to be no longer redeemable in silver, was removed from the obverse. All United States Notes of the $2, $5 and $100 denominations were officially discontinued in August 1966, although they all remain legal tender. On April 13, 1976, the Treasury Department reintroduced the $2 bill as

1976 dollars ($ adjusted for inflation) over the period from 1976 to 1981, due to reduced production, storage, and shipping costs. However, due to their limited use, two-dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series as other denominations, which are produced according to demand. Some bill acceptors found in vending machines, self checkout lanes, transit systems and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two-dollar bills, even if the fact is not stated on the label. Although they are generally available at most banks, two-dollar bills are usually not handed out except upon specific request by the

bill's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination. In 1976, production of the two-dollar denomination was resumed and the two-dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note, with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello. It has remained a current denomination since that time. It was estimated that if the two-dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one-dollar bills in circulation, the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in

people mistakenly believe that the 1976 series note with its unusual reverse design was a special, limited issue, produced for the United States Bicentennial. This, combined with the earlier discontinuation of the denomination, gave the impression these notes might be valuable as collector's items, and contributed to hoarding. The public at large continues to be unfamiliar with the notes because they are not widely circulated and are still frequently hoarded. Today, there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced, though bills have been printed with series of 1976, 1995, 2003,

obverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship. Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills led some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation. ""(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)"" In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size,

First-day issues of the new $2 bills could be taken to a post office and stamped with the date ""APR 13 1976"". In all, 590,720,000 notes from Series 1976 were printed. Currently, stamped series 1976 $2 bills typically trade for about twice their face value. If the bills were stamped in a city with an unusual name, the value may be slightly higher. However, no first-day-issued 1976 $2 bills with stamps are especially rare or valuable. Despite their age, crisp, uncirculated series 1976 $2 bills are not uncommon and are not particularly valuable. More than half a ""billion"" of these

a cost-saving measure. Series 1976 $2 bills were redesigned and issued as a Federal Reserve Note. The obverse design remains basically unchanged since 1928 and features the same portrait of Jefferson. A green treasury seal and serial numbers replace the red used on the previous United States Notes. Since the reissue of the bill coincided with the United States Bicentennial, it was decided to use a bicentennial-themed design on the reverse, though the bill was not issued specifically to celebrate the bicenntenial. An engraved rendition (not an exact reproduction) of John Trumbull's ""Declaration of Independence"" replaced Monticello on the reverse.

notes were printed. In February 2012, the B.E.P. printed 512,000 Series 2009 $2 Star Notes, in anticipation of more regular runs being printed later in 2012. Series 2009 $2 bills were issued to banks during the summer of 2012. In November 2013, the B.E.P. began printing series 2013 $2 bills for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; these notes entered circulation in early 2014. A total of 44,800,000 notes were ordered for fiscal year 2014, which ran from October 2013 through September 2014. A chronological display of the American two-dollar bill. Over five million $2 bills are entered into the

Cotton
and India, with annual production of about 34 million bales and 33.4 million bales, respectively; most of this production is consumed by their respective textile industries. The largest exporters of raw cotton are the United States, with sales of $4.9 billion, and Africa, with sales of $2.1 billion. The total international trade is estimated to be $12 billion. Africa's share of the cotton trade has doubled since 1980. Neither area has a significant domestic textile industry, textile manufacturing having moved to developing nations in Eastern and South Asia such as India and China. In Africa, cotton is grown by numerous

Mohair
to keep the hair clean and free of debris. The hair is then processed to remove natural grease, dirt and vegetable matter. Mohair grows in uniform locks. The Angora goat is a single-coat breed, and unlike pygora or cashmere, there is no need to dehair a mohair fleece to separate the coarse hair from the down hair. Lesotho is the world's largest mohair producer, producing around 50% of the total world production. Due to animal cruelty in the South African farms, Zara, H&M, Gap, Topshop, Lacoste, and many more will no longer sell Mohair clothing. Mohair is one of the

Wool
global textile market, but its value is higher owing to dying and other modifications of the material. Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep but has been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight. New Zealand (2016) is the third-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. Breeds such as Lincoln, Romney, Drysdale, and Elliotdale produce coarser fibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets. In the United States, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado have large commercial sheep flocks and their mainstay is the Rambouillet (or

"Sub-Saharan Africa"
production. Major suppliers are South Africa, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Guinea, and Mali. South Africa had been first in the world in terms of gold production since 1905, but in 2007 it moved to second place, according to GFMS, the precious metals consultancy. Uranium is major commodity from the region. Significant suppliers are Niger, Namibia, and South Africa. Namibia was the number one supplier from Sub-Saharan Africa in 2008. The region produces 49% of the world's diamonds. By 2015, it is estimated that 25% of North American oil will be from Sub-Saharan Africa, ahead of the Middle East. Sub-Saharan Africa has

"History of cotton"
is currently mostly located in countries like India, Bangladesh, China, and in Latin America. In these regions labour is much less expensive than in the first world, and attracts poor workers. Biotechnology plays an important role in cotton agriculture as genetically modified cotton that can resist Roundup, a herbicide made by the company Monsanto, as well as repel insects. Organically grown cotton is becoming less prevalent in favour of synthetic fibres made from petroleum products. The demand for cotton has doubled since the 1980s. The main producer of cotton, as of December 2016, is India, at 26%, past China at

"Textile industry"
according to United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database stood at $772 billion. The largest exporters of textiles in 2013 were China ($274 billion), India ($40 billion), Italy ($36 billion), Germany ($35 billion), Bangladesh ($28 billion) and Pakistan ($27 Billion). In 2016, the largest apparel exporting nations were China ($161 billion), Bangladesh ($28 billion), Vietnam ($25 billion), India ($18 billion), Hong Kong ($16 billion), Turkey ($15 billion) and Indonesia ($7 billion). The Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) governed the world trade in textiles and garments from 1974 through 2004, imposing quotas on the amount developing countries could export to developed countries. It

"Cotton production in Pakistan"
Imlidhi Khurd and Gorakhpur (1300-800 BC); as fibres in Late Ochre-Coloured Pottery at Sringaverapura (1200-700 BC); and in Hallur as seeds and fragments of the Early Iron Age (950-900 BC). Cotton is purely a cellulose fibre crop, one of the four major crops in the country, and is known by popular epithets as ""King cotton"" and ""white gold"". It forms the primary input for the textile industry of Pakistan. Cotton is integral to Pakistan's economy. According to an analysis in the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service report of 2015, it is grown as an industrial crop in 15% of the nation's

20% and the United States at 16%. The leading cotton exporter is the United States, whose production is subsidized by the government, with subsidies estimated at $14 billion between 1995 and 2003. The value of cotton lint has been decreasing for sixty years, and the value of cotton has decreased by 50% in 1997–2007. The global textile and clothing industry employs 23.6 million workers, of which 75% are women. Max Havelaar, a fair trade association, launched a fair trade label for cotton in 2005, the first for a non-food commodity. Working with small producers from Cameroon, Mali, and Senegal, the

"Economy of Africa"
been evident in recent years, however. The dawn of the African economic boom (which is in place since the 2000s) has been compared to the Chinese economic boom that had emerged in Asia since late 1970's. In 2013, Africa was home to seven of the world's fastest-growing economies. As of 2018, Nigeria is the biggest economy in terms of nominal GDP, followed by South Africa; in terms of PPP, Egypt is second biggest after Nigeria.. Equatorial Guinea possessed Africa's highest GDP per capita albeit allegations of human rights violations. Oil-rich countries such as Algeria, Libya and Gabon, and mineral-rich Botswana

"Slavery in Africa"
also included significant exports of gold and ivory—was some 3.5 million pounds Sterling per year. By contrast, the trade of the United Kingdom, the economic superpower of the time, was about 14 million pounds per year over this same period of the late 18th century. As Patrick Manning has pointed out, the vast majority of items traded for slaves were common rather than luxury goods. Textiles, iron ore, currency, and salt were some of the most important commodities imported as a result of the slave trade, and these goods were spread within the entire society raising the general standard of

where does the president get authority to issue executive orders

"Executive order"
Executive order In the United States, an executive order is a directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government and has the force of law. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of the United States Constitution gives the president broad executive and enforcement authority to use their discretion to determine how to enforce the law or to otherwise manage the resources and staff of the executive branch. The ability to make such orders is also based on express or implied Acts of Congress that delegate

United States, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces, only the President of the United States can issue an executive order. The United States Constitution does not have a provision that explicitly permits the use of executive orders. The term ""executive power"" in Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution is not entirely clear. The term is mentioned as direction to ""take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"" and is part of Article II, Section 3. The consequence of failing to comply could possibly be removal from office.<ref name=""CIPP/G2008""></ref> The U.S. Supreme Court has held that

all executive orders from the President of the United States must be supported by the Constitution, whether from a clause granting specific power, or by Congress delegating such to the executive branch. Specifically, such orders must be rooted in Article II of the US Constitution or enacted by the congress in statutes. Attempts to block such orders have been successful at times when such orders exceeded the authority of the president or could be better handled through legislation. The Office of the Federal Register is responsible for assigning the executive order a sequential number after receipt of the signed original

to the President some degree of discretionary power (delegated legislation). Like both legislative statutes and regulations promulgated by government agencies, executive orders are subject to judicial review and may be overturned if the orders lack support by statute or the Constitution. Major policy initiatives require approval by the legislative branch, but executive orders have significant influence over the internal affairs of government, deciding how and to what degree legislation will be enforced, dealing with emergencies, waging wars, and in general fine-tuning policy choices in the implementation of broad statutes. As the head of state and head of government of the

two is that executive orders are aimed at those inside government while proclamations are aimed at those outside government. The administrative weight of these proclamations is upheld because they are often specifically authorized by congressional statute, making them ""delegated unilateral powers."" Presidential proclamations are often dismissed as a practical presidential tool for policy making because of the perception of proclamations as largely ceremonial or symbolic in nature. However, the legal weight of presidential proclamations suggests their importance to presidential governance. Executive order In the United States, an executive order is a directive issued by the President of the United States

execution by directing and removing executive officers. The president may make treaties, which need to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate, and is accorded those foreign-affairs functions not otherwise granted to Congress or shared with the Senate. Thus, the President can control the formation and communication of foreign policy and can direct the nation's diplomatic corps. The president may also appoint Article III judges and some officers with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate. In the condition of a Senate recess, the president may make a temporary appointment. Article II of the Constitution expressly designates the president

from the White House and printing the text of the executive order in the daily ""Federal Register"" and eventually in Title 3 of the ""Code of Federal Regulations"". With the exception of William Henry Harrison, all presidents, beginning with George Washington in 1789, have issued orders that in general terms can be described as executive orders. Initially, they took no set form. Consequently, such orders varied as to form and substance. The first executive order was issued by George Washington on June 8, 1789, addressed to the heads of the federal departments, instructing them ""to impress me with a full,

Powers of the President of the United States The powers of the President of the United States include those powers explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution to the President of the United States, powers granted by Acts of Congress, implied powers, and also a great deal of soft power that is attached to the presidency. The Constitution explicitly assigns the president the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors. The President oversees federal law

"Presidential reorganization authority"
undertaken were to revert following the conclusion of the war. Presidential reorganization authority is designed to allow periodic refinement of the organizational efficiency of the government through significant and sweeping modifications to its architecture that might otherwise be too substantial to realistically implement through a parliamentary process. The U.S. Constitution establishes an Executive Branch of government, but only names one of its officers, the President. It is, therefore, left to normal statute law to establish inferior offices and agencies, under the President, by which the government can operate. Despite the broad authority granted by the United States Constitution to the

president, he does not have ""unilateral and unrestrained authority over the Executive Branch"" and ""congressional action is required to create Executive Branch departments, to fund them, to determine the nature and scope of their duties and to confirm the appointment of their top leaders"". While the president manages the conduct of executive branch offices, ""it is Congress, not the President, that establishes departments and agencies, and to whatever degree it chooses, the internal organization of agencies"". The nondelegation doctrine is a principle that the Congress, being vested with ""all legislative powers"" by Article One, Section 1 of the United States

citizens are conscripted at age 18, with the following exceptions: Typically, men are required to serve for 2 years and 8 months, while women for 2 years. Officers and other soldiers in certain voluntary units such as Nahal and Hesder are required to sign on for additional service. Those studying in a ""Mechina"" (pre-induction preparatory course) defer service until the conclusion of the program, typically one academic year. An additional program (called """"Atuda'i"""") for qualified applicants allows post-secondary academic studies prior to induction. ""See also: Israel Defense Forces."" There is a very limited amount of conscientious objection to conscription into

"Conscription in Israel"
service for men was 30 months and for women 18 months (although in accordance with a temporary order from January 10, 1968, six additional months were added to the mandatory service, 36 months for men and 24 months for women respectively.) The service for men has been reduced to 32 months since 2015. The draft requirement applies to any citizen or permanent resident who has reached the age of 18, and in accordance with the law, the individuals who are exempt from the draft are dismissed for various reasons, such as incapability, medical problems, military personnel needs, etc. Many of

Sadat added that any Egyptian who has dual nationality is exempted from military service and this is still in effect. Males serve for a period ranging from fourteen months to thirty-six months, depending on their education; high school drop-outs serve for thirty-six months. College graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education; college graduates with special skills are still conscripted yet at a different rank and at a different pay scale with the option of remaining with the service as a career. Some Egyptians evade conscription and travel overseas until they reach the age of thirty, at

the IDF. More common is refusal by reserve soldiers to serve in the West Bank and Gaza. Some of these conscientious objectors may be assigned to serve elsewhere, or are sentenced to brief prison terms lasting a few months to a year and may subsequently receive dishonourable discharges. ""See also: Refusal to serve in the Israeli military."" After a year their period of regular army service, men are liable for up to 30 days (much less on average) per year of reserve duty (""""miluim"""") until they are in their early forties. Women in certain positions of responsibility are liable for

Conscription in Israel Conscription exists in Israel for all Israeli citizens over the age of 18 who are Jewish, Druze, or Circassian; Arab citizens of Israel are not conscripted. Other exceptions are made on religious, physical, or psychological grounds. The normal length of compulsory service is currently two years and eight months for men (with some roles requiring an additional four months of service), and two years for women. In 2013, 26% of potential conscripts were exempt from military service: 13.5% for religious reasons, 4% for mental health reasons, 2% for physical health reasons, 3% due to criminal records, and

"Women in the Israel Defense Forces"
women in the IDF is 24 months, apart from roles specified in law which require a service length of 36 months. Women may be exempted from military service for reasons of religious conscience, marriage, pregnancy, or motherhood. A woman may receive an exemption on religious grounds under the following conditions: Women who arrive in Israel at age 17 and over are generally exempt from army service, but may serve on a voluntary basis. Also, women (who are not fighters) are not generally called up for reserve duty if they are married, or if they are beyond age 24. Clause 16A

between the ages of seventeen and fifty. Additionally, from 2008 onwards, all men belonging to the religious groups of Armenians, Latins and Maronites, also serve their military service. Before 2016 military service lasted for twenty-four months. After that, ex-soldiers are considered reservists and participate in military exercises for a few days every year. Conscientious objectors can either do thirty-three months’ unarmed service in the army or thirty-eight months’ community work. In 2016, however, the Cypriot parliament had voted to reduce its mandatory service to 14 months and make up for lost manpower by hiring professional soldiers. As described in the

"Israel Defense Forces ranks"
a variant of the biblical word ""nagid"", which means ""ruler"" or ""leader"". ""Rav nagad"" is a senior staff NCO rank equivalent to the American ranks of ""Chief Warrant Officer"" and ""Master Warrant Officer"". Enlisted (""hogrim""): The conscript and field NCO ranks. All Jewish or Druze conscripts must start their compulsory service at 18 (unless they receive a deferment); Christians, Muslims, and Circassians may volunteer at 17 or older. Enlisted male conscripts serve for 32 months (2 years and 8 months) and female conscripts serve for 24 months (2 years). In the IDF enlisted ranks are earned by means of time

"Israeli Defense Service Law"
Israeli Secretary of Defense the authority to call citizens to medical screenings to determine if conscription is permissible. Service for men is set at 36 months, however, recruits over the age of 27 are only required to serve for 24 months. Immigrants who arrive in Israel at the age of 27+ years are only required 18 months of service. (Article 15) Service for women is set at 24 months, yet women may volunteer for an additional 12 months under section 16a. (Article 16) Any soldier tried and found guilty by a military court or deserters who are returned to service

regulate the recruitment into IDF service. The law has since gone through several revisions and alterations, most notably in 1959 and 1986. The Security Service Law requires that all citizens of Israel, except those who qualify for the exemptions from service, to service in the various branches of the IDF. Section 2 defines the age appropriate for conscription, and set it at 18–29 years of age for men, and 18–26 for women, based on the Hebrew calendar. However, recruitment may begin at age 17 if the parents or guardians of the recruit allow it. Section 3 through 12 gives the

"Salt and Sanctuary"
the PlayStation 4 worldwide on March 15, 2016, and for Microsoft Windows on May 17, 2016. The game also released on PlayStation Vita on March 28, 2017. A Nintendo Switch port, handled by BlitWorks, was released worldwide on August 2, 2018 via the Nintendo eShop, with a physical retail released on December 11, 2018 under the title Salt and Sanctuary: Drowned Tome Edition. The initial idea behind the game was conceived as a fusion of the combat of the ""Souls"" series with the studio's previous ""Dishwasher"" series. The ""Castlevania"" series, particularly """" and the later Nintendo DS installments (which are

"The Dam Keeper"
""eight or ten"" when ""the kind of friends is different than when [they] grow up and start to learn about the world and who [they] are in the world.” The first graphic novel was scheduled to be published in 2016, but was delayed to September 26, 2017, while the second installment, """"The Dam Keeper: World Without Darkness"" was published on July 10, 2018 and the third and final graphic novel titled """"The Dam Keeper: Return from the Shadows"""" is expected to be published in the Summer of 2019. There is also a feature film sequel to the short in collaboration

"The Swan Princess: Escape from Castle Mountain"
more direct-to-video sequels: """" (1998), ""The Swan Princess Christmas"" (2012), """" (2014), """" (2016), """" (2017) and """" (2018). It is the last film in the series to be released by Warner Bros. and six of them were released by Sony Home Entertainment. One year since the events of the first film, Derek and Odette's anniversary is interrupted by the dangerous vandalism of Knuckles, minion of the evil sorcerer Clavius. It is revealed that Clavius was the former partner in crime of the villain Rothbart; they conquered the Forbidden Arts together until Rothbart drove Clavius underground after betraying their partnership.

"Emperor of Sand"
read between the lines."" ""We're reflecting on mortality,"" bassist and vocalist Troy Sanders said in a statement. ""To that end, the album ties into our entire discography. It's 17 years in the making, but it's also a direct reaction to the last two years. We tend to draw inspiration from very real things in our lives."" ""Emperor of Sand"" was released on March 31, 2017 through record label Reprise. A snippet of ""Sultan's Curse"" was previewed on the band's website on January 25, 2017, and the full track was released on January 27. The album's first single, ""Show Yourself"", was

"Dark Parables"
was released on March 15, 2018 on the Big Fish Games site. In this game, Blue Tea's return to the series, the Detective must investigate the return of the Grak Kingdom's princess in Krakow, Poland. There has also been an odd case of things turning into salt, and the Detective must both find the princess and put a stop to the salt. The bonus gameplay linked to this game is Moonlight Romance, which revolves around the romance between two of the game's characters (set 100 years prior to the events of the game). The bonus is based on many different

and Gerda's wedding, two characters who appeared in the third installment of the series. The bonus gameplay linked to this game is The Journey of Atonement, in which the thief tries to right his wrongs by venturing to the edge of the world to stow the Tinderbox's evil forever. ""Dark Parables: Requiem for the Forgotten Shadow"" is the thirteenth installment of the ""Dark Parables"" series.The Collector's Edition game was released on February 24th, 2017 on the Big Fish Games site. The Detective must investigate a mysterious illness plaguing the fictional town of Anaben at the base of the Swiss Alps,

"Independence Day: Resurgence"
originally going to be released on July 3, 2015 but on November 12, 2013, it was announced that the sequel had been rescheduled for a July 2016 release. On October 14, 2014, Fox changed the release date to June 24, 2016. It was released in certain formats such as 3D, IMAX 3D, and premium large formats. Titan Books published several tie-in books for the film, including novels and comics. The first, an omnibus of Stephen Molstad's three ""Independence Day"" novels, ""Silent Zone"", ""War in the Desert"", and the novelization of ""Independence Day"", was released on March 19, 2016. The second,

Outlast
despite the intended Q1 2017 release. On March 6, 2017, Red Barrels announced that a physical bundle called ""Outlast Trinity"" would be released for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 on April 25. The sequel, titled ""Outlast 2"", was made digitally available for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on April 25, 2017; and came to the Nintendo Switch, alongside ""Outlast"", in February 2018. The game is set in the same universe as the first game, but features different characters and a new region in the Arizona desert. ""Outlast 3"" was announced in December 2017, though no time frame or

"Conan Exiles"
Conan Exiles Conan Exiles is a survival video game developed and published by Funcom for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The game is set in the world of ""Conan the Barbarian"", with the custom playable character being rescued by Conan, beginning their journey. Early access versions of the game were released in 2017, with the official release date for all platforms being on May 8, 2018. The most basic premise of ""Conan Exiles"" is survival in the fictional prehistoric Hyborian Age. Player characters begin convicted of various crimes, sentenced to death, and are crucified under the scorching desert

"Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia"
was also a limited edition with a special soundtrack, and a ""Valentia Complete"" edition featuring the contents of the limited edition with added items, including an artbook. The game was released in Japan on April 20, 2017; in North America and Europe on May 19; and in Australasia on May 20. Amiibo figures of the game's protagonists Alm and Celica were released alongside the game. The game features full voice acting—a first for the ""Fire Emblem"" series—for all but minor characters, but the English release does not include dual audio unlike ""Awakening"". The game's localization was handled by 8-4, who

"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament"
Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 22 February 2018. Eight countries qualified for the tournament; five of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the two others took part in a qualification tournament. Under a special agreement with the IOC and the IIHF, twelve North Korean players joined the host team to form a united team. They were allowed to

"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
accommodate a break, but allowed its top players to leave the clubs and participate in the Olympic Games. The women's tournament ran from 10 to 22 February with eight nations competing. The format was the same as 2014. The top 4 seeded teams played in group A and the next four in group B. The top two seeds from group A received a bye from the quarterfinal round. The bottom two group A teams played the top two group B teams in the quarterfinal round. The winner of these two games played the top two group A teams in the

For the women’s tournament, the most attended games were, respectively, the United States of America, Korea, Finland, and Canada. A total of 496 athletes from 14 nations (including the IOC's designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia) were scheduled to participate (the numbers of athletes are shown in parentheses). The IOC initially admitted 13 men's or women's teams to compete. Later, North Korean athletes were rostered to participate in the women's tournament alongside South Korean athletes in a combined women's Korean team. Men's rosters can be made up of 25 players, while women's rosters can consist of up to 23. The

free skate 36.00. The short program was held on 21 February. The free skating was held on 23 February. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Evgenia Medvedeva finished at higher place due to better program component score <BR> The skaters were ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February. For a complete list of figure skating records, see

"2018 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships"
2018 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships The 2018 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships was the 20th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for the 2019 competition. For the 2018 program there was no relegation, only promotion, to raise the total at the top level up to ten nations. The tournament was not held due to the 2018 Olympics. The Group A tournament was held in Vaujany, France, from 8 to 14 April 2018. The Group B tournament was held in Asiago, Italy, from 8

"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification"
2016 received full value, and each preceding year was worth 25% less. Teams that wished to compete must apply in ""early spring of 2016"". The following is a ranking based on points accumulated toward Olympic qualification of all countries. Points were earned based on overall finish, available points for 2016 were as follows: This round was played from 7 to 9 October 2016 in Mexico City. The winner advanced to the preliminary round 2 as qualifier seven. ""All times are local (UTC–5)."" This round was played between 3–6 November 2016 in Astana, Kazakhstan and San Sebastián, Spain. The winner of

by points, then goals. Only the top five goaltenders, based on save percentage, who have played at least 40% of their team's minutes, are included in this list. Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 22 February 2018. Eight countries qualified for the tournament; five of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the two others took part in a qualification

Hockey World Championships by the end of the 2015 Championships and qualified for the A group. Finland, Russia, and Sweden qualified by their ranking after the 2016 Championships. South Korea qualified as the host team. The remaining two teams qualified from qualification tournaments. The top four teams based on the 2016 IIHF World Ranking, the United States, Canada, Finland and Olympic Athletes from Russia, compete in Group A, while the remaining four teams compete in Group B. The top two teams in Group A received a bye to the semifinals. In the quarterfinals, the third placed team in Group A

"Adobe Flash Player"
of the new features or bug fixes available in later versions. It has been on version 11.7 as of July 9, 2013, version 13 as of May 13, 2014, and version 18 as of August 11, 2015. Adobe has decided to discontinue the ESR branch and instead focus solely on the standard release as of August 2016. In 2011, Flash Player had emerged as the de facto standard for online video publishing on the desktop, with adaptive bitrate video streaming, DRM, and fullscreen support. On mobile devices however, after Apple refused to allow the Flash Player within the inbuilt iOS

"Adobe Flash"
in early 2016. Adobe Flash has been deprecated. The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is available for three major desktop platforms, including Windows, macOS and Linux. On Linux the PPAPI plug-in is available; the NPAPI version wasn't updated to new major versions for a while until Adobe changed its mind on stopping support and its former plan to discontinue ""in 2017"". Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors: The ""ActiveX"" version is an ActiveX control for use in Internet Explorer and any other Windows applications that supports ActiveX technology. The ""Plug-in"" versions are available for browsers supporting either

usage has also waned because of modern web standards that allow some of Flash's use cases to be fulfilled without third-party plugins. In July 2017, Adobe announced that it would end support for Flash Player in 2020, and continued to encourage the use of open HTML5 standards in place of Flash. The announcement was coordinated with Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Mozilla. Adobe Flash Player is a runtime that executes and displays content from a provided SWF file, although it has no in-built features to modify the SWF file at runtime. It can execute software written in the ActionScript programming

tablet devices, from Acer, BlackBerry 10, Dell, HTC, Lenovo, Logitech, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Sharp, SoftBank, Sony (and Sony Ericsson), and Toshiba. As of 2012, Adobe has stopped browser-based Flash Player development for mobile browsers in favor of HTML5, however Adobe continues to support Flash content on mobile devices with the Adobe Integrated Runtime, which allows developers to publish content that runs as native applications on certain supported mobile phone platforms. Version 9 was the most recent version available for the Linux/ARM-based Nokia 770/N800/N810 Internet tablets running Maemo OS2008, classic Mac OS and Windows 95/NT. Version 10 can be run under

video clips. For content in a single format (such as just text, video, or audio), other alternatives may provide better performance and consume less CPU power than the corresponding Flash movie, for example when using transparency or making large screen updates such as photographic or text fades. In addition to a vector-rendering engine, the Flash Player includes a virtual machine called the ActionScript Virtual Machine (AVM) for scripting interactivity at run-time, with video, MP3-based audio, and bitmap graphics. As of Flash Player 8, it offers two video codecs: On2 Technologies VP6 and Sorenson Spark, and run-time JPEG, Progressive JPEG, PNG,

Player supports two distinct modes of video playback, and hardware accelerated video decoding may not be used for older video content. Such content causes excessive CPU usage compared to comparable content played with other players. In tests done by Ars Technica in 2008 and 2009, Adobe Flash Player performed better on Windows than Mac OS X and Linux with the same hardware. Performance has later improved for the latter two, on Mac OS X with Flash Player 10.1, and on Linux with Flash Player 11. Flash Audio is most commonly encoded in MP3 or AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) however it

third-party Flash Player is the commercially available Scaleform GFx Player, which is game development middleware designed for integration into non-Flash video games. In some browsers, prior Flash versions have had to be uninstalled before an updated version could be installed. However, as of version 11.2 for Windows, there are now automatic updater options. Linux is partially supported, as Adobe is cooperating with Google to implement it via Chrome web browser on all Linux platforms. Mixing Flash applications with HTML leads to inconsistent behavior with respect to input handling (keyboard and mouse not working as they would in an HTML-only document).

Professional, Adobe Flash Builder or by third party tools such as FlashDevelop. Flash Player supports vector graphics, 3D graphics, embedded audio, video and raster graphics, and a scripting language called ActionScript. ActionScript is based on ECMAScript (similar to JavaScript) and supports object-oriented code. Flash Player is distributed free of charge and its plug-in versions are available for every major web browser and operating system. Google Chrome, Internet Explorer 11 in Windows 8 and later, and Microsoft Edge come bundled with a sandboxed Adobe Flash plug-in. Flash Player once had a large user base, and was a common format for web

on materials in the form of the Pixel Bender API, but still did not have GPU-accelerated 3D vertex processing. A significant change came in version 11, which added a new low-level API called Stage3D (initially codenamed Molehill), which provides full GPU acceleration, similar to WebGL. (The partial support for GPU acceleration in Pixel Bender was completely removed in Flash 11.8, resulting in the disruption of some projects like MIT's Scratch, which lacked the manpower to recode their applications quickly enough.) Current versions of Flash Player are optimized to use hardware acceleration for video playback and 3D graphics rendering on many

system integration, native client extensions, native window/screen integration, taskbar/dock integration, and hardware integration with connected Accelerometer and GPS devices. Flash Player includes native support for many data formats, some of which can only be accessed through the ActionScript scripting interface. Flash Player is primarily a graphics and multimedia platform, and has supported raster graphics and vector graphics since its earliest version. It supports the following different multimedia formats which it can natively decode and play back. Until version 10 of the Flash player, there was no support for GPU acceleration. Version 10 added a limited form of support for shaders

June 1994 from just seven innings. 1,000 first-class runs before the end of May A batsman has scored 1,000 first-class runs before the end of May in an English cricket season on only eight occasions. In five of these occasions, the batsman reached 1,000 runs with innings played in April and May, but three scored 1,000 runs in the month of May alone. These were: W.G. Grace in 1895, Wally Hammond in 1927, and most recently Charlie Hallows in 1928. Donald Bradman is the only person to have scored 1,000 runs before the end of May twice, in 1930 and

most ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries. The first Twenty20 International (T20I) century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Rohit Sharma currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, having scored 4 T20I Centuries. The fastest recorded century in Test cricket terms of balls faced is held by Brendon McCullum who scored 100 runs from 54 balls against Australia at Christchurch, New Zealand in 2016, beating the previous record of 56 held jointly by Viv Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq. The

1,000 first-class runs before the end of May A batsman has scored 1,000 first-class runs before the end of May in an English cricket season on only eight occasions. In five of these occasions, the batsman reached 1,000 runs with innings played in April and May, but three scored 1,000 runs in the month of May alone. These were: W.G. Grace in 1895, Wally Hammond in 1927, and most recently Charlie Hallows in 1928. Donald Bradman is the only person to have scored 1,000 runs before the end of May twice, in 1930 and 1938. Uniquely, a second batsman also

December 2017. Rohit Sharma got his century in 35 balls then equalling the record. Century (cricket) In the sport of cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batsman. The term is also included in ""century partnership"" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batsmen and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in his career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking five wickets

"World's longest cricket marathon"
World records ratified the attempt on 19 February 2014. It was previously held by Blunham Cricket Club from Bedfordshire in England. The club played for 105 hours from 10am Thursday 26 August 2010 until stumps were drawn at 7pm on Monday 30 August 2010. Guinness World records ratified the attempt on 8 April 2011. The club played in pink and purple to highlight cancer charities for both men and women. The following is a list of record holders that have been accepted and ratified by Guinness World Records, or attempts that are awaiting ratification. The record is the amount of

"Line of Duty"
The third series of ""Line of Duty""consisting of six episodespremiered on 24 March 2016. The series follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of Sergeant Danny Waldron (Daniel Mays). The series' supporting characters include DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey), DI Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson), and DI Lindsay Denton (Keeley Hawes). The storyline in this series is a direct continuation of the second series' plot. The fourth series of ""Line of Duty"", consisting of six episodes, began broadcasting on 26 March 2017

"Michelle Mitchenor"
Michelle Mitchenor Michelle Mitchenor (born April 21, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for portraying the series regular role of Detective Sonya Bailey on the FOX's primetime action comedy-drama television series Lethal Weapon and the role of Indigo in the musical-drama film Chi-Raq. Mitchenor attended Ocean County Performing Arts Academy High School in New Jersey to study dancing and acting. Mitchenor attended Towson University where she graduated Bachelor's of Fine Arts for Dancing. Mitchenor was cast for Spike Lee’s musical-drama film Chi-Raq. In August of 2016, it was announced that Mitchenor was cast as the role Detective Sonya

"Christina Chong"
in the second season of the SyFy series ""Dominion"", as Zoe Holloway, a member of Vega’s Archangel Corps who becomes the leader of the rebellion of the city's lower classes. Chong was cast in a minor role in """" but was not seen in the final cut of the film. Christina Chong Christina Chong (born 1 January 1983) is an English actress. She has appeared in several notable roles in film and television, including ""Monroe"", ""Line of Duty"", """", ""Black Mirror"", ""Doctor Who"" and """". Chong was born in Enfield, the daughter of a Chinese father and an English mother.

"Kelli Williams"
balances McLean's work and family. Williams was married to author Ajay Sahgal from 1996 to 2017. The couple has three children: Kiran Ram (born in 27 April 1998), Sarame Jane (born 3 February 2001), and Ravi Lyndon (born in 11 July 2003). She told ""Marie Claire"" that she got breast implants when she was 19 and had them removed when she was 22. Williams speaks French and Spanish, and has volunteered with the Young Storytellers Program. Kelli Williams Kelli Renee Williams (born June 8, 1970) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Dole on the

"Anna Belknap"
Anna Belknap Anna C. Belknap (born May 22, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Detective Lindsay Monroe Messer on """". Belknap was born in Damariscotta, Maine. She is a daughter of David and Louise Belknap. She attended Lincoln Academy in Newcastle, Maine. While attending Middlebury College in Vermont, she gained an interest in acting. She then studied at the American Conservatory Theater, earning a Master of Fine Arts degree. Belknap's television credits include series regular roles in ""Medical Investigation"" and ""The Handler"", a recurring role in ""Deadline"", and guest-starring roles in ""Law & Order"",

on BBC One. The story follows DS Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they investigate the actions of DCI Roseanne Huntley (Thandie Newton). The supporting characters include FC Tim Ifield (Jason Watkins), DC Jodie Taylor (Claudia Jessie), and DS Sam Railston (Aiysha Hart). As with the previous two series, the storyline is linked thematically to that of series 1. The fifth series is due to start filming in September 2018. The BBC announced the commission of a sixth series on 5 May 2017. Series one and two were created and

"Thandie Newton"
Maeve Millay, in the HBO science fiction-western series ""Westworld"", for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and a Critics Choice Award, as well as Golden Globe Award, Saturn Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. In 2017, she portrayed DCI Roz Huntley in the BBC drama series ""Line of Duty"", which earned her a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress. Newton was born in Westminster, London, England, the daughter of Nyasha, a Zimbabwean princess of the Shona people, and Nick Newton, an English laboratory technician and artist.

DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey) and DS Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson). The second series of ""Line of Duty""consisting of six episodespremiered on 12 February 2014. The series follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of DI Lindsay Denton (Keeley Hawes). The series' supporting characters include DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey) and DI Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson). Series two received even better reviews than its predecessor, despite lower viewing figures, and was ranked the best television drama of 2014 by ""The Observer"".

"Adrian Dunbar"
Adrian Dunbar Adrian Dunbar (born 1 August 1958) is an actor and director from Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, best known for his television and theatre work. Dunbar co-wrote and starred in the 1991 film, ""Hear My Song"", nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the BAFTA awards. More recently, he has been better known for his role of Superintendent Ted Hastings in the BBC One thriller ""Line of Duty""; a role he has portrayed since 2012. He has also appeared as Alan Cox in ""The Jump (1998 TV series)"", Martin Summers in ""Ashes to Ashes"", Richard Plantagenet in ""The Hollow

Bailey on FOX action comedy-drama television series Lethal Weapon. In July of 2018, Mitchenor became engaged to actor Coley Speaks. Michelle Mitchenor Michelle Mitchenor (born April 21, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for portraying the series regular role of Detective Sonya Bailey on the FOX's primetime action comedy-drama television series Lethal Weapon and the role of Indigo in the musical-drama film Chi-Raq. Mitchenor attended Ocean County Performing Arts Academy High School in New Jersey to study dancing and acting. Mitchenor attended Towson University where she graduated Bachelor's of Fine Arts for Dancing. Mitchenor was cast for Spike

"Beats Music"
Trade Commission launched an investigation into this alleged cartel in May 2015. Apple Music was unveiled during Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 8, 2015, and launched on June 30, 2015. Concurrently with the public launch of Apple Music, Beats Music was immediately discontinued; users could migrate their Beats Music subscriptions, including their account, saved playlists, and songs, to Apple Music. Beats Music offered a library of over 20 million songs that could be streamed on-demand by users. Users could download songs for offline playback, which remained accessible for the period of their subscription. The service used a personalization system

as a music curation team for the service, led by former Clear Channel Communications executive and KIIS-FM music director Julie Pilat. In August 2013, a landing page was discovered for Daisy under its final name, ""Beats Music"". The service was officially unveiled in January 2014, for a launch in the United States on January 21, 2014. In February 2014, Beats Music reached a licensing deal with the Merlin Network, a group representing a number of major independent record labels. While no financial details were disclosed, Beats did indicate that it would pay the labels at the same rates as the

"Beats Electronics"
as M.I.A., Pharrell Williams, will.i.am, and Gwen Stefani during the early developmental stage. Beats initially partnered with Monster Cable, an audio and video component manufacturer based in Brisbane, California, to manufacture and develop the first Beats-branded products, and debuted its first product, ""Beats by Dr. Dre Studio"" headphones, on July 25, 2008. To promote its products, Beats primarily relied on endorsements by pop and hip-hop music performers, including product placement within music videos, and partnering with musicians and other celebrities to develop co-branded products. Beats' use of endorsements by musicians helped the company aggressively target the young adult demographics. In

Beats Music Beats Music was a subscription-based online music streaming service owned by the Beats Electronics division of Apple Inc. First developed in 2012 under the name ""Daisy"", the service combined algorithm-based personalization with expert music suggestions from a variety of sources. The service built upon Beats' existing consumer electronics line, and its 2012 acquisition of the similar service MOG. The service was launched in the United States on January 21, 2014. Beats Music was acquired by Apple Inc. as part of its purchase of Beats Electronics in May 2014. Beats Music was discontinued concurrent with the launch of Apple

In comparison to most headphones, ""Beats"" products were characterized by an emphasis towards producing larger amounts of bass, and are particularly optimized towards hip-hop and pop music. In October 2012, Beats unveiled its first two self-developed products, the Beats Executive noise-cancelling headphones (to compete with similar offerings by Bose and Sennheiser) and the Beats Pill portable speaker. In October 2015, Beats launched a new collection of speakers including the upgraded Beats Pill+ Speaker. This is currently the high-end wireless headphones that Beats offers. It connects by bluetooth and has 40 hours battery life. With sound canceling on it has 22

"Citizens band radio"
uses, and similar technical standards. Although licenses may be required, eligibility is generally simple. Some countries also have personal radio services in the UHF band, such as the European PMR446 and the Australian UHF CB. The citizens band radio service originated in the United States as one of several personal radio services regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). These services began in 1945 to permit citizens a radio band for personal communication (e.g., radio-controlled model airplanes and family and business communications). In 1948, the original CB radios were designed for operation on the 460–470 MHz UHF band. There were

"Wireless network"
wireless network was developed under the brand ALOHAnet in 1969 at the University of Hawaii and became operational in June 1971. The first commercial wireless network was the WaveLAN product family, developed by NCR in 1986. Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) connect devices within a relatively small area, that is generally within a person's reach. For example, both Bluetooth radio and invisible infrared light provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop. ZigBee also supports WPAN applications. Wi-Fi PANs are becoming commonplace (2010) as equipment designers start to integrate Wi-Fi into a variety of consumer electronic devices. Intel

"Network speaker"
Terry and Daniel C. Swinehart of Xerox PARC introduced audio over Ethernet in Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference, entitled ""An Overview of the Etherphone System and its Applications"". The very closely related technology (nearly synonymous), Voice over IP (VoIP), which generally consists at a minimum of a microphone on one end, a speaker on the other end, with a network connecting them; began widespread use in 1998 with PCs, followed shortly after by dedicated hardware (phones with built-in VoIP capabilities). Subsequently, the first Squeezebox, using networked audio, was released in 2001 and Philips released its IP audio device also

that it would continue to operate independently with no immediate change in service. A few months later in December 2012, the company hired Trent Reznor of the band Nine Inch Nails to serve as its Chief Creative Officer, and to help develop a new music service codenamed ""Daisy"". As opposed to its competitors such as Spotify, in Daisy the plan was to use ""personalization"" based on user listening habits in combination with expert music curators to suggest tracks. The company initially announced a launch by late 2013. The company had hired music industry members, radio personalities, and songwriters to serve

late 2013. On August 1, 2014, Apple Inc. acquired Beats for US$3 billion in a cash and stock deal, the largest acquisition in Apple's history. The company was formally established in 2006, a time when Iovine perceived two key problems in the music industry: the impact of piracy on music sales and the substandard audio quality provided by Apple's plastic earbuds. Iovine later recalled that Dre said to him: ""Man, it's one thing that people steal my music. It's another thing to destroy the feeling of what I've worked on."" Iovine sought the opinions of musicians with ""great taste"", such

"J. J. Thomson"
J. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles (now called electrons), which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large charge-to-mass ratio. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the

"Discovery of the neutron"
also measured how the new radiation impacted the atoms of various gases. He found that the new radiation consisted of not gamma rays, but uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. These particles were neutrons. Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935. The year 1932 was later referred to as the ""annus mirabilis"" for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft–Walton particle accelerator, and the positron. Given the problems of the ""proton–electron model"", it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is

"Ernest Rutherford"
Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. ""Encyclopædia Britannica"" considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). In early work, Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, the radioactive element radon, and differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation. This work was performed at McGill University in Canada. It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 ""for his investigations into the disintegration

to answer because the electron's mass is only 0.05% of the proton's, hence exceptionally precise measurements were required. The difficulty of making the measurement is illustrated by the wide-ranging values for the mass of the neutron obtained from 1932-1934. The accepted value today is . In Chadwick's 1932 paper reporting on the discovery, he estimated the mass of the neutron to be between and . By bombarding boron with alpha particles, Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie obtained a high value of , while Ernest Lawrence's team at the University of California measured the small value using their new cyclotron. In 1935

tube. As they sparked the tube into discharge, the spectrum obtained from it changed, as the alphas accumulated in the tube. Eventually, the clear spectrum of helium gas appeared, proving that alphas were at least ionised helium atoms, and probably helium nuclei. Rutherford performed his most famous work ""after"" receiving the Nobel prize in 1908. Along with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909, he carried out the Geiger–Marsden experiment, which demonstrated the nuclear nature of atoms by deflecting alpha particles passing through a thin gold foil. Rutherford was inspired to ask Geiger and Marsden in this experiment to look

"Harold Urey"
Harold Urey Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for the discovery of deuterium. He played a significant role in the development of the atom bomb, as well as contributing to theories on the development of organic life from non-living matter. Born in Walkerton, Indiana, Urey studied thermodynamics under Gilbert N. Lewis at the University of California. After he received his PhD in 1923, he was awarded a fellowship by the American-Scandinavian Foundation to study at the Niels

spent much of the war working as a radiologist and medical X-ray technician near the Austrian front, while Hahn, a chemist, worked on research in poison gas warfare. In 1920 Rutherford gave a Bakerian lecture at the Royal Society entitled the ""Nuclear Constitution of Atoms"", a summary of what was then known about the nucleus of the atom. By 1920, the existence of electrons within the atomic nucleus was widely assumed. It was assumed the nucleus consisted of hydrogen nuclei in number equal to the atomic mass. But since each hydrogen had charge +1, the nucleus required a smaller number

"Ernest Marsden"
Ernest Marsden Sir Ernest Marsden (19 February 1889 – 15 December 1970) was an English-New Zealand physicist. He is recognised internationally for his contributions to science while working under Ernest Rutherford, which led to the discovery of new theories on the structure of the atom. In Marsden's later work in New Zealand, he became a significant member of the scientific community, while maintaining close links to the United Kingdom. Born in Manchester, the son of Thomas Marsden and Phoebe Holden, Marsden lived in Rishton and attended Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn, where an inter-house trophy rewarding academic excellence ('The Marsden

"Geiger–Marsden experiment"
(now the University of Manchester). He had already received numerous honours for his studies of radiation. He had discovered the existence of alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays, and had proved that these were the consequence of the disintegration of atoms. In 1906, he received a visit from a German physicist named Hans Geiger, and was so impressed that he asked Geiger to stay and help him with his research. Ernest Marsden was a physics undergraduate student studying under Geiger. Alpha particles are tiny, positively charged particles that are spontaneously emitted by certain substances such as uranium and radium.

a form of light, in 1914. These radiations had also been identified as emanating from atoms, hence they provided clues as to processes occurring within atoms. Conversely, the radiations were also recognized as tools that could be exploited in scattering experiments to probe the interior of atoms. At the University of Manchester between 1908 and 1913, Rutherford directed Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in a series of experiments to determine what happens when alpha particles scatter from metal foil. Now called the Rutherford gold foil experiment, or the Geiger–Marsden experiment, these measurements made the extraordinary discovery that alpha particles would

what is the word for clarified butter in the balkans and middle east

Kibbeh
Kibbeh Kibbeh (), (also spelled and pronounced kibbe, kebbah, kubbeh, kubbah or kubbi depending on region, and known in Egypt as kobeiba and in Turkey as içli köfte) is a Levantine dish made of bulgur, minced onions, and finely ground lean beef, lamb, goat, or camel meat with Middle Eastern spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, allspice). Other types of ""kibbeh"" may be shaped into balls or patties, and baked, cooked in broth, or served raw. ""Kibbeh"" is considered to be the national dish of many Middle Eastern countries. Kibbeh is a popular dish in Middle Eastern cuisine. Mainly, it is found

Kanafeh
the entire dessert dish. In Turkish, the string pastry is known as ""tel kadayıf"", and the cheese-based dessert that uses it as ""künefe"". In the Balkans, the shredded dough is similarly known as ""kadaif"", and in Greece as ""kataifi"", and is the basis of various dishes rolled or layered with it, including dessert pastries with nuts and sweet syrups. One of the most well-known preparations of ""kanafeh"" is ""knafeh nabulsiyeh"", which originated in the Palestinian city of Nablus, and is the most representative and iconic Palestinian dessert. ""Knafeh nabilsiyeh"" uses a white-brine cheese called Nabulsi. It is prepared in a

Kibbeh
made from a mixture of bulghur, very finely minced lamb or beef similar to steak tartare, and Middle Eastern spices, served on a platter, frequently as part of a ""meze"" in Lebanon and Syria, garnished with mint leaves and olive oil, and served with green onions or scallions, green hot peppers, and pita/pocket bread or ""markouk"" bread. ""Kubba Halab"" is an Iraqi version of kibbeh created with a rice crust and named after the largest city in Syria, Aleppo. ""Kubba Mosul"", also Iraqi, is flat and round like a disc. ""Kubbat Shorba"" is an Iraqi-Kurdish version prepared as a stew,

Kanafeh
Kanafeh Kanafeh (, , dialectal: ) (also numerous alternate spellings) is a traditional Arab dessert made with thin noodle-like pastry, or alternatively fine semolina dough, soaked in sweet, sugar-based syrup, and typically layered with cheese, or with other ingredients such as clotted cream or nuts, depending on the region. It is popular in the Arab world, particularly the Levant and Egypt, and especially in Palestine. In addition, variants are found in Turkey, Greece, and the Balkans, as well as in the Caucasus. In Arabic, ""kanafeh"" (also ""knafeh"", ""kunafa"" or similar spellings) may refer to the string pastry itself, or to

Butter
butter consumption with 8 kg per capita per year. In terms of absolute consumption, Germany was second after India, using of butter in 1997, followed by France (), Russia (), and the United States (). New Zealand, Australia, and the Ukraine are among the few nations that export a significant percentage of the butter they produce. Different varieties are found around the world. ""Smen"" is a spiced Moroccan clarified butter, buried in the ground and aged for months or years. A similar product is ""maltash"" of the Hunza Valley, where cow and yak butter can be buried for decades, and

Butter
per Litre (0.950 lb per US pint). It generally has a pale yellow color, but varies from deep yellow to nearly white. Its natural, unmodified color is dependent on the source animal's feed and genetics, but the commercial manufacturing process commonly manipulates the color with food colorings like annatto or carotene. The word ""butter"" derives (via Germanic languages) from the Latin ""butyrum"", which is the latinisation of the Greek βούτυρον (""bouturon""). This may be a compound of βοῦς (""bous""), ""ox, cow"" + τυρός (""turos""), ""cheese"", that is ""cow-cheese"". The word ""turos"" (""cheese"") is attested in Mycenaean Greek. The unlatinized form

Qatiq
Qatiq Qatiq is a fermented milk product from the Turkic countries. It is considered a more solid form of yogurt than ""ayran"". Some of the local names include: ""katık"" in Turkey, ""qatıq"" in Azerbaijan, ""qatiq"" in Uzbekistan, ""ҡатыҡ"" in Bashkortostan, ""қатық"" in Kazakhstan, ""айран"" in Kyrgyzstan, ""катык"" in Tatarstan, ""gatyk"" in Turkmenistan. It is known as ""къатыкъ"" among the Crimean Tatars and as ""қатиқ"" among the Uyghurs. In Bulgaria, ""катък"" is not a drink, but a spread that has the consistency of mayonnaise. In order to obtain qatiq, boiled milk is fermented for 6–10 hours in a warm place. Sometimes

Kanafeh
new contemporary recipes, including one for this ""kadayif"", though it does not specify where it originated. This became the basis for the modern ""kunafa/kanafeh"". It is fried together with butter and fillings or toppings such as nuts, sweetened cheese, or clotted cream, and mixed with rosewater and sugar. The pastry spread from the Arab lands to neighboring countries including Iran and Greece, and to Turkey where the string pastry itself is known as ""tel kadayıf"" (""string crêpes""), also used in related pastries such as ""dolma kadayif"". There are many types of Kanafeh pastry: The pastry is heated in butter, margarine,

Kibbeh
English, ""kibbe"" and ""kibbeh"" and in Latin America, ""quibe"", quibbe, ""kibe"", or ""quipe"" (Argentina). In Levantine cuisine, a variety of dishes made with bulghur (cracked wheat) and minced lamb are called ""kibbeh"". The northern Syrian city of Aleppo (Halab) is famous for having more than 17 different types. These include ""kibbeh"" prepared with sumac (""kibbe sumāqiyye""), yogurt (""kibbe labaniyye""), quince (""kibbe safarjaliyye""), lemon juice (""kibbe ḥāmḍa""), pomegranate sauce, cherry sauce, and other varieties, such as the ""disk"" ""kibbeh"" (""kibbe arāṣ""), the ""plate"" ""kibbeh"" (""kibbe biṣfīḥa"" or ""kibbe bṣēniyye"") and the raw ""kibbeh"" (""kibbeh nayyeh""). ""Kibbeh nayyeh"" is a raw dish

"Middle Eastern cuisine"
or dried fruits. Butter and clarified butter (also known as smen) are, traditionally, the preferred medium of cooking. Olive oil is prevalent in the Mediterranean coastal areas. Christians use it during Lent, when meat and dairy products are excluded, and Jews use it in place of animal fats such as butter to avoid mixing meat and dairy products. Most regions in the Middle East use spices. Typically, a stew will include a small amount of cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, cumin, and coriander. Black pepper is common, and chili peppers are used occasionally, especially as a separate sauce or as a pickle.

"Electron transport chain"
aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in

their cell membrane. In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP to NADPH with transfer of H ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress. The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. The underlying force

many as three proton pumps, like mitochondria, or they may contain only one or two. They always contain at least one proton pump. In the present day biosphere, the most common electron donors are organic molecules. Organisms that use organic molecules as an electron source are called ""organotrophs"". Organotrophs (animals, fungi, protists) and ""phototrophs"" (plants and algae) constitute the vast majority of all familiar life forms. Some prokaryotes can use inorganic matter as an energy source. Such an organism is called a ""lithotroph"" (""rock-eater""). Inorganic electron donors include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrite, sulfur, sulfide, manganese oxide, and ferrous iron.

Electron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during

powers most cellular reactions. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-level phosphorylation, for example, in glycolysis. In most organisms the majority of ATP is generated in electron transport chains, while only some obtain ATP by fermentation. Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, which produce ATP from products of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. At the mitochondrial inner membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water. The electron transport chain comprises an enzymatic series of electron donors and acceptors. Each electron donor will

and inorganic. If oxygen is available, it is invariably used as the terminal electron acceptor, because it generates the greatest Gibbs free energy change and produces the most energy. In anaerobic environments, different electron acceptors are used, including nitrate, nitrite, ferric iron, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and small organic molecules such as fumarate. Since electron transport chains are redox processes, they can be described as the sum of two redox pairs. For example, the mitochondrial electron transport chain can be described as the sum of the NAD/NADH redox pair and the O/HO redox pair. NADH is the electron donor and O

steps. A small percentage of electrons do not complete the whole series and instead directly leak to oxygen, resulting in the formation of the free-radical superoxide, a highly reactive molecule that contributes to oxidative stress and has been implicated in a number of diseases and aging. Energy obtained through the transfer of electrons down the ETC is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical proton gradient (ΔpH) across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This proton gradient is largely but not exclusively responsible for the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). It allows ATP synthase

driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. The Gibbs free energy is the energy available (""free"") to do work. Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous. The function of the electron transport chain is to produce a transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient as a result of the redox reactions. If protons flow back through the membrane, they enable mechanical work, such as rotating bacterial flagella. ATP synthase, an enzyme highly conserved among all domains of life, converts this mechanical work into chemical energy by producing ATP, which

via NADH dehydrogenase (similar to ""Complex I"" in mitochondria) or succinate dehydrogenase (similar to ""Complex II""). Other dehydrogenases may be used to process different energy sources: formate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, H dehydrogenase (hydrogenase), etc. Some dehydrogenases are also proton pumps; others funnel electrons into the quinone pool. Most dehydrogenases show induced expression in the bacterial cell in response to metabolic needs triggered by the environment in which the cells grow. Quinones are mobile, lipid-soluble carriers that shuttle electrons (and protons) between large, relatively immobile macromolecular complexes embedded in the membrane. Bacteria use ""ubiquinone"" (the same quinone that mitochondria

of protons across a membrane, producing a proton gradient. The proton gradient is used to produce useful work. About 30 work units are produced per electron transport. Electron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds.

"Fight-or-flight response"
that occur during the fight-or-flight response. This component of the autonomic nervous system utilises and activates the release of norepinephrine in the reaction. The parasympathetic nervous system originates in the sacral spinal cord and medulla, physically surrounding the sympathetic origin, and works in concert with the sympathetic nervous system. Its main function is to activate the ""rest and digest"" response and return the body to homeostasis after the fight or flight response. This system utilises and activates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction

Fight-or-flight response The fight-or-flight response (also called hyperarousal, or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the animal for fighting or fleeing. More specifically, the adrenal medulla produces a hormonal cascade that results in the secretion of catecholamines, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine. The hormones estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, as well as the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, also affect how

organisms react to stress. This response is recognised as the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response and its role is mediated by two different components: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord and its main function is to activate the physiological changes

playing, mating, or nothing at all. An example of this is kittens playing: each kitten shows the signs of sympathetic arousal, but they never inflict real damage. Fight-or-flight response The fight-or-flight response (also called hyperarousal, or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the animal for fighting or fleeing. More specifically, the adrenal medulla produces a hormonal cascade that

is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system. The initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. This boost of energy is activated by epinephrine binding to liver cells and the subsequent production of glucose. Additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids

flight response because of its implications towards aggression. An evolutionary psychology explanation is that early animals had to react to threatening stimuli quickly and did not have time to psychologically and physically prepare themselves. The fight or flight response provided them with the mechanisms to rapidly respond to threats against survival. A typical example of the stress response is a grazing zebra. If the zebra sees a lion closing in for the kill, the stress response is activated as a means to escape its predator. The escape requires intense muscular effort, supported by all of the body’s systems. The sympathetic

nervous system’s activation provides for these needs. A similar example involving fight is of a cat about to be attacked by a dog. The cat shows accelerated heartbeat, piloerection (hair standing on end), and pupil dilation, all signs of sympathetic arousal. Note that the zebra and cat still maintain homeostasis in all states. Animals respond to threats in many complex ways. Rats, for instance, try to escape when threatened, but will fight when cornered. Some animals stand perfectly still so that predators will not see them. Many animals freeze or play dead when touched in the hope that the predator

into available energy, which prepares muscles throughout the body for response. Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action and: The physiological changes that occur during the fight or flight response are activated in order to give the body increased strength and speed in anticipation of fighting or running. Some of the specific physiological changes and their functions include: In the context of the fight or flight response, emotional regulation is used proactively to avoid threats of stress or to control the level of emotional arousal. During

will lose interest. Other animals have alternative self-protection methods. Some species of cold-blooded animals change color swiftly, to camouflage themselves. These responses are triggered by the sympathetic nervous system, but, in order to fit the model of fight or flight, the idea of flight must be broadened to include escaping capture either in a physical or sensory way. Thus, flight can be disappearing to another location or just disappearing in place. And often both fight and flight are combined in a given situation. The fight or flight actions also have polarity – the individual can either fight or flee against

associated with emotions commonly seen in the reaction. Perceived control relates to an individual's thoughts about control over situations and events. Perceived control should be differentiated from actual control because an individual's beliefs about their abilities may not reflect their actual abilities. Therefore, overestimation or underestimation of perceived control can lead to anxiety and aggression. The social information processing model proposes a variety of factors that determine behavior in the context of social situations and preexisting thoughts. The attribution of hostility, especially in ambiguous situations, seems to be one of the most important cognitive factors associated with the fight or

"Valley of the Kings"
Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings ( ; ), also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings ( ), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, rock cut tombs were excavated for the pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two valleys, East Valley (where the

Siq
Siq The Siq (, transliterated ""al-Sīq"", transcribed ""as-Sīq"", literally 'the Shaft') is the main entrance to the ancient Nabatean city of Petra in southern Jordan. Also known as Siqit, the main entrance in Petra is a dim, narrow gorge (in some points no more than wide) winds its way approximately and ends at Petra's most elaborate ruin, Al Khazneh (the Treasury). A wide valley outside leading to the Siq is known as the ""Bab as-Sīq"" (Gateway to the Siq). Unlike slot canyons such as Antelope Canyon in the American Southwest, which are directly shaped by water, the Siq is a

to the public. Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings ( ; ), also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings ( ), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, rock cut tombs were excavated for the pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two valleys, East

"Royal Road"
passed through the Cilician Gates to the old Assyrian capital Nineveh (present-day Mosul, Iraq), then turned south to Babylon (near present-day Baghdad, Iraq).From near Babylon, it is believed to have split into two routes, one traveling northeast then east through Ecbatana (in present-day Iran) and on along the Silk Road, the other continuing east through the future Persian capital Susa (in present-day Iran) and then southeast to Persepolis. Of course, such long routes for travellers and tradesmen would often take months on end, and during the reign of Darius the Great numerous royal outposts (Caravanserai) were built. Because the road

perform magic rituals, such as Shabtis and divine figurines. Some equipment was what the king may have used during his lifetime (Tutankhamun's sandals for example), and some was specially constructed for the burial. The modern abbreviation ""KV"" stands for ""Kings' Valley"", and the tombs are numbered according to their order of 'discovery', from KV1 (Rameses VII) to KV64 (discovered in 2012). Since the early 19th century AD, antiquarians and archaeologists have cleared and recorded tombs, with a total of 61 sepulchers being known by the start of the 20th century. KV5 was only rediscovered in the 1990s after being dismissed

the valley floor. The usual tomb plan consisted of a long inclined rock-cut corridor, descending through one or more halls (possibly mirroring the descending path of the sun god into the underworld) to the burial chamber. In the earlier tombs, the corridors turn 90 degrees at least once (such as KV43, the tomb of Thutmose IV), and the earliest ones had cartouche-shaped burial chambers (for example, KV43, the tomb of Thutmose IV). This layout is known as 'Bent Axis', After the burial the upper corridors were meant to be filled with rubble and the entrance to the tomb hidden. After

pilgrimage until the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was resolved. However, despite the ban, dozens of Coptic pilgrims travel to Jerusalem every year, especially during the Easter holidays. Via Dolorosa The Via Dolorosa (Latin for ""Way of Grief,"" ""Way of Sorrow,"" ""Way of Suffering"" or simply ""Painful Way""; Hebrew: ויה דולורוזה; ) is a processional route in the Old City of Jerusalem, believed to be the path that Jesus walked on the way to his crucifixion. The winding route from the Antonia Fortress west to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre—a distance of about 600 metres (2,000 feet)—is a celebrated place of Christian

"Rock-cut tomb"
Rock-cut tomb A rock-cut tomb is a burial chamber that is cut into an existing, naturally occurring rock formation, so a type of rock-cut architecture. They are usually cut into a cliff or sloping rock face, but may go down from fairly flat ground. It was a common form of burial for the wealthy in ancient times in several parts of the world. Important examples are found in Egypt, most notably in the town of Deir el-Medina (Seet Maat), located between the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. Other notable clusters include numerous rock-cut tombs in

"Corpse road"
labyrinths, found in many parts of Europe and Scandinavia, could serve the purpose of capturing evil spirits. During several dynasties of the imperial China, the pathway to the burial mound of an emperor or a high dignitary would be lined with the statues of real and fantastic animals and of the civil and military officials, and would be known as the ""shendao"" (spirit way) At major imperial mausolea, such as Ming Xiaoling in Nanjing or the Ming Dynasty Tombs near Beijing, the spirit way could be several hundreds of meters, sometimes over a kilometer, long. A straight Viking cult or

Unicorn
Unicorn The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian. The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as ""unicorn"". In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a

Unicorn
in mud and slime. They are very ugly brutes to look at. They are not at all such as we describe them when we relate that they let themselves be captured by virgins, but clean contrary to our notions."" It is clear that Marco Polo was describing a rhinoceros. In German, since the 16th century, ""Einhorn"" (""one-horn"") has become a descriptor of the various species of rhinoceros. The horn itself and the substance it was made of was called alicorn, and it was believed that the horn holds magical and medicinal properties. The Danish physician Ole Worm determined in 1638

"Unicorn horn"
Charles the Bold. The legendary unicorn could never be captured alive, but its symbolic association with virginity made it the symbol of innocence and the incarnation of God's Word. Belief in the power of the alicorn persisted until the 16th century, when the true source, the narwhal, was discovered. This marine mammal is the true bearer of the alicorn, actually an extended tooth found in the mouth of males and some females. Since then, the unicorn horn has been mentioned in fantasy works, role-playing games, and video games, which make use of its legendary symbolism. Around 400 BCE, the unicorn

Unicorn horn A unicorn horn, also known as an alicorn, is a legendary object whose reality was accepted in Europe and Asia from the earliest recorded times. This ""horn"" comes from the imaginary creature known as a unicorn, also known in the Hebrew Bible as a re'em or wild ox. Many healing powers and antidotal virtues were attributed to the alicorn, making it one of the most expensive and reputable remedies during the Renaissance, and justifying its use in the highest circles. Beliefs related to the alicorn influenced alchemy through spagyric medicine. The horn's purificational properties were eventually put to

Unicorn
Europe, Asia and North Africa—or derivatives of aurochs, because the animal is always shown in profile, indicating there may have supposed to have been another horn, which is not seen. Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology, but rather in the accounts of natural history, for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns, which they believed lived in India, a distant and fabulous realm for them. The earliest description is from Ctesias, who in his book ""Indika"" (""On India"") described them as wild asses, fleet of foot, having a horn a cubit and a half

Unicorn
and sound"". A one-horned animal (which may be just a bull in profile) is found on some seals from the Indus Valley Civilisation. Seals with such a design are thought to be a mark of high social rank. Medieval knowledge of the fabulous beast stemmed from biblical and ancient sources, and the creature was variously represented as a kind of wild ass, goat, or horse. The predecessor of the medieval bestiary, compiled in Late Antiquity and known as ""Physiologus"" (""Φυσιολόγος""), popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn, trapped by a maiden (representing the Virgin Mary), stood for the Incarnation.

"Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons)"
Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) In the ""Dungeons & Dragons"" fantasy role-playing game, a unicorn is a mysterious, majestic magical beast, adapted from the mythical Unicorn, and has appeared in ""Dungeons & Dragons"" since its early editions. It resembles an imposing and beautiful white horse, with glowing eyes, a silky mane and tail, and the stereotypical spiraling, shell-shaped horn coming from its forehead. Unlike horses, they have cloven hooves, and males have a goat's beard. The unicorn was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the ""Dungeons & Dragons"" ""white box"" set (1974), where

Unicorn
a goat's cloven hooves and beard, a lion's tail, and a slender, spiral horn on its forehead (non-equine attributes may be replaced with equine ones, as can be seen from the following gallery). Whether because it was an emblem of the Incarnation or of the fearsome animal passions of raw nature, the unicorn was not widely used in early heraldry, but became popular from the 15th century. Though sometimes shown collared and chained, which may be taken as an indication that it has been tamed or tempered, it is more usually shown collared with a broken chain attached, showing that

Unicorn
on the grounds of realism, as no one now believed the unicorn to be a real animal. Shakespeare scholars describe unicorns being captured by a hunter standing in front of a tree, the unicorn goaded into charging; the hunter would step aside the last moment and the unicorn would embed its horn deeply into the tree (See annotations of Timon of Athens, Act 4, scene 3, c. line 341: ""wert thou the unicorn, pride and wrath would confound thee and make thine own self the conquest of thy fury"".) In heraldry, a unicorn is often depicted as a horse with

which approach to psychology focuses on the body especially the brain and nervous system

Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology Neuropsychology is the study of the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviours. It is both an experimental and clinical field of psychology that aims to understand how behavior and cognition are influenced by brain functioning and is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders. Whereas classical neurology focuses on the physiology of the nervous system and classical psychology is largely divorced from it, neuropsychology seeks to discover how the brain correlates with the mind. It thus shares concepts and concerns with neuropsychiatry and

"Physiological psychology"
The nervous system can be described as a control system that interconnects the other body systems. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and other nerve tissues throughout the body. The system's primary function is to react to internal and external stimuli in the human body. It uses electrical and chemical signals to send out responses to different parts of the body, and it is made up of the nerve cells also called neurons. Through the system, messages are transmitted to body tissues such as a muscle. There are two major subdivisions in the nervous system known as the central

"Psychology of self"
Berne saw the Self as the most valuable part of the personality: 'when people get to know each other well, they penetrate into the depths where this real Self resides, and that is the part of the other person they respect and love' In Jungian analysis, the Self is the central archetype of several archetypes, which are apriori or predispositions of responding to the world in particular ways. The Self signifies the coherent whole, unifying both the consciousness and unconscious mind of a person. The Self, according to Jung, is the most important and difficult archetype to understand. It is

for the task to be completed. Neuropsychology Neuropsychology is the study of the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviours. It is both an experimental and clinical field of psychology that aims to understand how behavior and cognition are influenced by brain functioning and is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders. Whereas classical neurology focuses on the physiology of the nervous system and classical psychology is largely divorced from it, neuropsychology seeks to discover how the brain correlates with the mind. It thus shares

hired by pharmaceutical companies to study the effects that various drugs have on an individual’s behavior. Physiological psychology Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach when studying the brain and human behavior. Most scientists in this field believe that the mind is a phenomenon that stems from the nervous system. By studying and gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of the nervous system, physiological psychologists can

Psychology
basis of the mind, and therefore a vitally related area of study. Psychiatrists and neuropsychologists work at the interface of mind and body. Biological psychology, also known as physiological psychology, or neuropsychology is the study of the biological substrates of behavior and mental processes. Key research topics in this field include comparative psychology, which studies humans in relation to other animals, and perception which involves the physical mechanics of sensation as well as neural and mental processing. For centuries, a leading question in biological psychology has been whether and how mental functions might be localized in the brain. From Phineas

mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors. Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon

the personality or isolated cognitions. Humanism focused on uniquely human issues, such as free will, personal growth, self-actualization, self-identity, death, aloneness, freedom, and meaning. It emphasized subjective meaning, rejection of determinism, and concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Some founders of the humanistic school of thought were American psychologists Abraham Maslow, who formulated a hierarchy of human needs, and Carl Rogers, who created and developed client-centered therapy. Later, positive psychology opened up humanistic themes to scientific modes of exploration. The ""American Association for Humanistic Psychology"", formed in 1963, declared: Humanistic psychology is primarily an orientation toward the whole of

"Analytical psychology"
work stresses awareness of the ""unconscious"" as an ongoing flow of experience. This approach expands Jung's work beyond verbal individual therapy to include body experience, altered and comatose states as well as multicultural group work. Analytical psychology Analytical psychology (sometimes analytic psychology), also called Jungian psychology, is a school of psychotherapy which originated in the ideas of Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist. It emphasizes the importance of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness. Important concepts in Jung's system are individuation, symbols, the personal unconscious, the collective unconscious, archetypes, complexes, the persona, the shadow, the anima and animus,

Physiological psychology Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach when studying the brain and human behavior. Most scientists in this field believe that the mind is a phenomenon that stems from the nervous system. By studying and gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of the nervous system, physiological psychologists can uncover many truths about human behavior. Unlike other subdivisions within biological psychology, the main focus of

"Tiffany Coyne"
Tiffany Coyne Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on ""Let's Make a Deal"", having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009. Tiffany Lynn Adams was born in Layton, Utah on May 6, 1982. She has two sisters, five step-sisters and two step-brothers. When she was three years old she started dancing, focusing on jazz, hip hop, and ballet dancing. As a youth, her family moved a lot because her mother ""liked to build houses."" The family lived near Hill Air Force Base for a while. She went to middle school and

"Carol Merrill"
Carol Merrill Carol Merrill (born Carol Lue Hiller; January 19, 1941) was the model for the television game show ""Let's Make a Deal"" during the show's original run between 1963-77. While on ""Let's Make a Deal"", Merrill would model the various prizes, present money to contestants, and perform various other tasks as an assistant to host Monty Hall. On ""Let's Make a Deal"", Merrill was frequently referred to by Monty Hall by her full name, and thus became one of the first game show models to be known as such, rather than the customary first-name-only naming convention used by such

"Anchal Joseph"
Anchal Joseph Anchal Joseph (born January 3, 1987) is an American fashion model and actress. She is best known for participating in the seventh season of ""America's Next Top Model"" in 2006, as well as appearing on ""Deal or No Deal"" as a briefcase model in 2018. She was also featured in the pages of Vogue Paris, and made appearances on the television series ""White Collar"", ""Gossip Girl"", and ""Royal Pains"". Joseph was born in India, but her family migrated to Miami, Florida when she was six years old. She was nineteen years old when she was scouted to try

"Let's Make a Deal"
the current Brady version, each making one-week appearances each. The 2013 celebration of the franchise's 50th anniversary was Hall's last official appearance on the show prior to his death, but Hall also appeared in 2017 CBS publicity shots with Brady as part of a CBS Daytime publicity photo celebrating the network's daytime ratings. When the current version debuted in 2009 at Las Vegas, Alison Fiori was the show's original model, lasting for much of the first season in Las Vegas before the show moved to Los Angeles. During the 2013-14 season, Danielle Demski was the show's model for most of

the Beautiful"", was a stand in model for ""The Price Is Right"", and modeled for United Airlines and Chase Bank. Her father is of German descent, and her mother is of Hungarian descent. She is married to Chris Coyne, whom she met while working on a cruise ship. They live in Los Angeles, California. Their first child, Scarlett Rose, was born in August, 2013. Their son, Carter Liam Coyne was born in February 2018. Tiffany Coyne Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on ""Let's Make a Deal"", having replaced

for the following season. The 1990 NBC revival series was announced by Dean Miuccio, with the 2003 edition featuring Vance DeGeneres in that role. The longest tenured prize model on ""Let's Make a Deal"" was Carol Merrill, who stayed with the series from its debut until 1977. The models on the 1980s series were Maggie Brown, Julie Hall (1980), Karen LaPierre, and Melanie Vincz (1984). For the 1990 series, the show featured Georgia Satelle and identical twins Elaine and Diane Klimaszewski, who later gained fame as the Coors Light Twins. Hall (2010 and 2013) and Merrill (2013) both appeared on

"Anya Monzikova"
Anya Monzikova Anya Monzikova (; born August 25, 1984) is a Russian-American model and actress. Monzikova was born in Vologda, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. She lived in Russia up to the age of eight, when she moved to Florida. After she graduated from high school, she moved again to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in acting. She currently is studying Wushu and taking stunt classes, so she can do her own stunts when she stars in an action movie. In 2006, she became a model on NBC's hit game show, ""Deal or No Deal"" holding case #10. Anya

"Deal or No Deal (U.S. game show)"
The syndicated version has a top prize of $500,000, hidden in one of the 22 cases held by contestants. The show only featured two of the original 26 case models, Tameka Jacobs and Patricia Kara. Originally, Arsenio Hall was intended to host (and taped the pilot), but was ultimately passed over. Other candidates included ""Street Smarts"" host Frank Nicotero, but it was finally decided to keep Mandel as host. This version lasted two seasons, ending in May 2010 due to declining ratings. ""Deal or No Deal"" is played by one contestant at a time, five contestants per week with 22

"Patricia Kara"
and an additional $1,000 in the Bonus Game, for a total of $2,500. In 2018, Kara will be returning to ""Deal or No Deal"", once again as the model for case #9. Patricia Kara Patricia Kara (Greek: Panayiota Karamouzis-Παναγιώτα Καραμούζη; born February 25, 1972) is a model, actress, and TV personality. She began her career in Chicago, before moving to Miami, New York City, and finally, her current home in Los Angeles, California. Throughout her career, she has done segments for the TV Guide Channel's coverage of the Golden Globes, the Catherine Zeta-Jones benefit for the Motion Picture and Television

"Devin DeVasquez"
Devin DeVasquez Devin Renee DeVasquez (born June 25, 1963 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is an American model and actress. She was chosen as ""Playboy""'s Playmate of the Month in June 1985, after being featured in the October 1981 issue's college pictorial. Her centerfold was photographed by Richard Fegley. Her father was from Madrid, Spain and her mother is of Irish descent. She appeared in ""Can't Buy Me Love"" with Patrick Dempsey and went on to star in ""Society"" with Billy Warlock. DeVasquez has appeared in over 100 commercials and authored the book ""The Naked Truth About A Pinup Model"", which

Uruguay
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay (), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated /1e6 round 2 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, after Suriname. Uruguay was

Uruguay
Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. The Mansa is more suited for sunbathing, snorkeling, & other low-key recreational opportunities, while the Brava is more suited for adventurous sports, such as surfing. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and José Ignacio. The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1 million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Its quay can handle vessels. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional

"Geography of Uruguay"
Geography of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude. It is bordered to the west by Argentina, on the north and northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, which makes up Uruguay’s coast. To the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary that opens out into the South Atlantic. Montevideo, the capital and major port,

Uruguay
the Uruguay [River]"". However, it is commonly translated either as the ""Oriental Republic of Uruguay"" or the ""Eastern Republic of Uruguay"". The documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrúa, a small tribe driven south by the Guarani of Paraguay. It is estimated that there were about 9,000 Charrúa and 6,000 Chaná and Guaraní at the time of contact with Europeans in the 1500s. Fructuoso Rivera - Uruguay's first president – organized the Charruas' genocide. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. The Spanish arrived in present-day

Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands <br>""signed, but not ratified:"" Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Geography of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude. It is bordered to the west by Argentina, on the north and northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, which makes up Uruguay’s coast. To the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary

Uruguay
pronunciation of the regional Guarani word for it. There are several interpretations, including ""bird-river"" (""the river of the '"", via Charruan, ' being a common noun of any wild fowl). The name could also refer to a river snail called """" (""Pomella megastoma"") that was plentiful in the water. In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighbouring territories were called the Cisplatina and ' (""East Bank [of the Uruguay River]""), then for a few years the ""Eastern Province"". Since its independence, the country has been known as ', which literally means ""the eastern republic of

"Uruguay River"
Uruguay River The Uruguay River (, ; , ) is a river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay. The river measures about

Uruguay
a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay (), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated /1e6 round 2 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation

Uruguay
the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. Located entirely within a temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day

Uruguay
the Río Negro. The major internal river is the Río Negro ('Black River'). Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches AMSL in the ""Sierra Carapé"" hill range. To the southwest is the Río de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of

"Requiem for a Dream (novel)"
She becomes addicted to the diet pills and eventually develops amphetamine psychosis after her life continues to go downhill. She eventually ends up in a mental institution, where she undergoes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Harry, Marion, and Tyrone become addicted to their own product. Eventually, when heroin becomes scarce, they turn on each other, slowly hiding the drugs they obtain from the other two members. On their way to Miami, Harry and Tyrone are arrested, convicted, and sentenced to jail. Harry's arm has become infected from repeated injections, and has to be amputated. Left alone, Marion becomes a prostitute to support

"Requiem for a Dream"
With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends. As Sara’s tolerance for the amphetamines increases, she craves the high she once had, while becoming frantic about the invitation. When she increases her dosage she develops amphetamine psychosis. During a drug deal, Tyrone is caught in a shootout between

she attempts to lose weight through unsuccessful diets. At the recommendation of a friend, she visits an unscrupulous physician who prescribes her a regimen of weight-loss amphetamines. She begins losing weight, and is excited by how much energy she has. Harry and Tyrone plan to sell heroin to make enough to live off; that summer, their small-time dealing business thrives. Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive.

Tim, who trades heroin for sex. Harry and Tyrone decide that to put their business back on track; they will drive to Florida to buy directly from the wholeseller there. After a series of horrifying hallucinations, Sara flees her apartment for the office of the casting agency in Manhattan, to confirm when she will be on TV. She is taken away by ambulance and committed to a psychiatric ward where she is subjected to degrading treatments. When none work, the physician induces a barely lucid Sara to approve electroconvulsive therapy. On the drive to Miami, Harry and Tyrone visit a

hospital because of Harry's increasingly infected needle injection sites. The doctor notices the symptoms of drug abuse, and Harry and Tyrone are arrested. Back in New York, a desperate Marion has sex with the pimp to get heroin. Recognizing her addiction, he entices her with a bigger score of heroin if she returns that weekend for a party. Tyrone is taunted by racist prison guards whilst enduring manual labor. Harry’s infected arm is amputated. Sara undergoes violent electroshock therapy. Marion is humiliated as the subject of a graphic sex show. When Sara's friends come to the hospital to visit, they

the two rival gangs. He attempts to flee the scene, but is arrested. Harry has to use most of their earned money to post bail. The local supply of heroin becomes restricted, and they are unable to find any for either use or sale. Eventually, Tyrone hears of a large shipment coming, but the price is doubled and the minimum high. Harry, desperate, suggests Marion ask her psychiatrist, Arnold, for money in exchange for sex, straining their relationship. When the drug buy goes bad, Harry returns empty-handed to Marion. He departs after giving her the number of a pimp, Big

Midazolam
used for longer than 72 hours due to risks of tachyphylaxis, and the possibility of development of a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, as well as neurological complications. Bolus injections should be avoided due to the increased risk of cardiovascular depression, as well as neurological complications. Midazolam is also sometimes used in newborns who are receiving mechanical ventilation, although morphine is preferred, owing to its better safety profile for this indication. Oral midazolam is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderately severe insomnia in people who have not reacted adequately to other hypnotics, and who have persistent trouble in falling asleep. Because

Methyldopa
Methyldopa Methyldopa, sold under the brand name Aldomet among others, is a medication used for high blood pressure. It is one of the preferred treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy. For other types of high blood pressure including very high blood pressure resulting in symptoms other medications are typically preferred. It can be given by mouth or injection into a vein. Onset of effects is around 5 hours and they last about a day. Common side effects include sleepiness. More severe side effects include red blood cell breakdown, liver problems, and allergic reactions. Methyldopa is in the alpha-2 adrenergic

Midazolam
Midazolam Midazolam, marketed under the trade name Versed, among others, is a medication used for anesthesia, procedural sedation, trouble sleeping, and severe agitation. It works by inducing sleepiness, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of ability to create new memories. It is also useful for the treatment of seizures. Midazolam can be given by mouth, intravenously, or injection into a muscle, by spraying into the nose, or through the cheek. When given intravenously, it typically begins working within five minutes; when injected into a muscle, it can take fifteen minutes to begin working. Effects last for between one and six

the 2000 Cannes Film Festival and received positive reviews from critics upon its U.S. release. Burstyn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. During the summer in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, widow Sara Goldfarb spends her time watching infomercials. Meanwhile, her son, Harry, occasionally pawns her television set to fund his girlfriend Marion, and his best friend Tyrone's drug use. After Sara receives a call that she has won a spot on a television game show, she becomes excited about attending it. To fit back into her red dress, the favorite of her deceased husband Seymour,

Vikings (season 4) The fourth season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on February 18, 2016 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The fourth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 30, 2016. The season follows the battles between Ragnar and Rollo

performed by Hilda Örvarsdóttir. The track was released as a single on October 20, 2017 together with a second version solely performed by Selvik. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.3/10 based on twelve reviews. Vikings (season 4) The fourth season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on February 18, 2016 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of

to sixteenth episodes. Bill Goddard and Séamus McInerney act as co-producers. The production team for this season includes casting directors Frank and Nuala Moiselle, costume designer Joan Bergin, visual effects supervisor Dominic Remane, stunt action designers Franklin Henson and Richard Ryan, composer Trevor Morris, production designer Mark Geraghty, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, fourth, seventh, fifteenth and eighteenth episodes, Christopher Donaldson for the second, fifth and eighth episodes, Tad Seaborn for the third, sixth, ninth, eleventh, thirteenth, sixteenth and nineteenth episodes, and Don Cassidy for the tenth, twelfth, fourteenth, seventeenth and twentieth episodes, and cinematographers Pj Dillon for the

"Vikings (season 2)"
Vikings (season 2) The second season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on February 27, 2014 on History in Canada, and concluded on May 1, 2014, consisting of ten episodes. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The second season follows Ragnar's struggles with rival Vikings and his rise from Earl to King. The Vikings raid further into England, and for the

on 11 reviews, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Vikings (season 2) The second season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on February 27, 2014 on History in Canada, and concluded on May 1, 2014, consisting of ten episodes. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The second season follows Ragnar's struggles with rival Vikings and his rise from Earl to King. The Vikings

production designers Tom Conroy for the first to sixth episodes, and Mark Geraghty for the seventh to tenth episodes, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth episodes, and Don Cassidy for the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth episodes, and cinematographer Pj Dillon. The musical score for the second season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with Einar Selvik, Steve Tavaglione and Brian Kilgore. The opening sequence is again accompanied by the song ""If I Had a Heart"" by Fever Ray. The soundtrack was released on June 13, 2014 by Sony Classical Records. Additional non-original

"Vikings (season 3)"
track ""Battle for the Hill of the Ash"", which plays in the episode ""Warrior's Fate"", while the song ""Howl"" is featured in the episode ""The Dead"". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating, with an average rating of 8/10 based on eleven reviews. On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, it scored 81 out of 100, based on seven reviews, indicating ""universal acclaim"". Vikings (season 3) The third season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on February 19, 2015 on History in Canada, and concluded on April 23, 2015, consisting of ten episodes. The

"Trafalgar Square Christmas tree"
Trafalgar Square Christmas tree The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is a Christmas tree donated to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo, Norway each year since 1947. The tree is prominently displayed in Trafalgar Square from the beginning of December until 6 January. The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree has been an annual gift to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo as a token of gratitude for British support to Norway during the Second World War. The tree has provided a central focus for the Trafalgar Square traditional carol-singing programme, performed by different groups raising money

countdown to Christmas. Since 2009, the Poetry Society has commissioned new poems annually for display on banners around the base of the tree. In 2010, schoolchildren also performed one of the poems at the lighting-up ceremony. Trafalgar Square Christmas tree The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is a Christmas tree donated to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo, Norway each year since 1947. The tree is prominently displayed in Trafalgar Square from the beginning of December until 6 January. The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree has been an annual gift to the people of Britain by the city of

is given by the city of Oslo as a token of Norwegian gratitude to the people of London for their assistance during the years 1940-45.<br><br>A tree has been given annually since 1947."" The tree lighting ceremony in Trafalgar Square takes place on the first Thursday in December and is attended by thousands of people. The ceremony, led by the Lord Mayor of Westminster, includes a band and choir followed by the switching on of the Christmas lights. Traditionally, the tree provides a focal point for Christmas carolling groups. For many in London, the tree and the accompanying carolling signals the

"Trafalgar Square"
Authority in conjunction with the charity Unicef, who began ticketing the event to control crowd numbers. A Christmas ceremony has been held in the square every year since 1947. A Norway spruce (or sometimes a fir) is presented by Norway's capital city, Oslo as London's Christmas tree, a token of gratitude for Britain's support during World War II. (Besides war-time support, Norway's Prince Olav and the country's government lived in exile in London throughout the war.) The Christmas tree is decorated with lights that are switched on at a seasonal ceremony. It is usually held twelve days before Christmas Day.

death, and the square did not open until 1844. The Nelson's Column at its centre is guarded by four lion statues. A number of commemorative statues and sculptures occupy the square, but the Fourth Plinth, left empty since 1840, has been host to contemporary art since 1999. The square has been used for community gatherings and political demonstrations, including Bloody Sunday in 1887, the culmination of the first Aldermaston March, anti-war protests, and campaigns against climate change. A Christmas tree has been donated to the square by Norway since 1947 and is erected for twelve days before and after Christmas

The festivity is open to the public and attracts a large number of people. The switch-on is usually followed by several nights of Christmas carol singing and other performances and events. On the twelfth night of Christmas, the tree is taken down for recycling. Westminster City Council threatened to abandon the event to save £5,000 in 1980 but the decision was reversed. The tree is selected by the Head Forester from Oslo's municipal forest and shipped, across the North Sea to the Port of Felixstowe, then by road to Trafalgar Square. The first tree was tall, but more recently has

for voluntary or charitable organisations. The tree remains until just before the Twelfth Night of Christmas, when it is taken down for recycling. The tree is chipped and composted, to make mulch. The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is typically a 50- to 60-year-old Norway spruce, generally over 20 metres tall. The tree is cut in Norway sometime in November during a ceremony attended by the British Ambassador to Norway, Mayor of Oslo, and Lord Mayor of Westminster. After the tree is cut, it is shipped to the UK by boat across the sea. At one time it was shipped to

Felixstowe free of charge by a cargo ship of the Fred Olsen Line. As of at least 2007, the tree was shipped across the North Sea to Immingham by DFDS Tor Line. As of 2018, it has been the responsibility of Radius Crane Management Ltd. to transport, guard and erect the tree in Trafalgar Square. The Trafalgar Square tree is decorated in a traditional Norwegian style and adorned with 500 white lights. In 2008, the tree utilised low-wattage halogen bulbs which used 3.5 kW of power. At the base of the tree stands a plaque, bearing the words: ""This tree

"Christmas tree"
the Armistice in 1918 the city of Manchester sent a tree, and £500 to buy chocolate and cakes, for the children of the much-bombarded town of Lille in northern France. In some cases the trees represent special commemorative gifts, such as in Trafalgar Square in London, where the City of Oslo, Norway presents a tree to the people of London as a token of appreciation for the British support of Norwegian resistance during the Second World War; in Boston, where the tree is a gift from the province of Nova Scotia, in thanks for rapid deployment of supplies and rescuers

"It (novel)"
illustration by Glen Orbik, as well as numerous interior illustrations by Alan M. Clark and Erin Wells. The book also contains a new afterword by Stephen King discussing his reasons for writing the novel. In 1990, the novel was adapted into a television miniseries starring Tim Curry as Pennywise the Clown, John Ritter as Ben Hanscom, Harry Anderson as Richie Tozier, Richard Masur as Stan Uris, Tim Reid as Mike Hanlon, Annette O'Toole as Beverly Marsh, Richard Thomas as Bill Denbrough, Olivia Hussey as Audra Phillips, Dennis Christopher as Eddie Kaspbrak, and Michael Cole as Henry Bowers. The younger versions

"It (miniseries)"
It (miniseries) It (also known as Stephen King's It) is a 1990 American supernatural thriller horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from Stephen King's 1986 novel of the same name. It is the first of two adaptations of the novel; the second being the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel. The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the human form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) for his work on the film. It (miniseries) It (also known as Stephen King's It) is a 1990 American supernatural thriller horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from Stephen King's 1986 novel of the same name. It is the first of two adaptations of the novel; the second being the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel. The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's

Pennywise. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven, or The Losers Club, a group of outcast kids who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first confront Pennywise as children in 1960, and the second when they return as adults in 1990 to defeat him a second time after he resurfaces. ""It"" features an ensemble cast, starring Richard Thomas, John Ritter, Annette O'Toole, Harry Anderson, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Richard Masur as the seven members of the Losers Club, and Tim Curry

will star James McAvoy (Bill), Bill Hader (Richie), Jessica Chastain (Beverly), James Ransone (Eddie), Andy Bean (Stan), Isaiah Mustafa (Mike), and Jay Ryan (Ben). Skarsgård will reprise the role of Pennywise and the younger actors are set to return as well. It (novel) It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. It was his 22nd book, and his 18th novel written under his own name. The story follows the experiences of seven children as they are terrorized by an entity that exploits the fears and phobias of its victims to disguise itself while hunting its prey. ""It""

abandon numerous subplots by virtue of the novel's length and the network's time-slot restrictions. Production on ""It"" began in early 1990, and the series was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990. ""It"" aired on ABC over two nights on November 18 and 20, 1990, attracting 30 million viewers in its premiere. Critics praised Tim Curry's performance as Pennywise. For his work on the miniseries, Richard Bellis received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore). In Derry, Maine, in 1960, Georgie Denbrough

"It (character)"
featuring a cast-bronze of two children and a plaque underneath, dedicated to the victims of the 1985 flood and of It. The plaque has been vandalized with graffiti reading, ""PENNYWISE LIVES"". In the 1990 miniseries, Pennywise is portrayed by English actor Tim Curry, whose performance was praised by critics. Two original guises are made for the miniseries: Mrs. Kersh (played by Florence Paterson), and Captain Hanscom (played by Steve Makaj). In the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel It Chapter Two, Pennywise is portrayed by Swedish actor Bill Skarsgård. Will Poulter was originally cast as Pennywise, with Curry

"It (1927 film)"
It (1927 film) ""It"" is a 1927 silent romantic comedy film that tells the story of a shop girl who sets her sights on the handsome, wealthy boss of the department store where she works. It is based on a novella by Elinor Glyn that was originally serialized in ""Cosmopolitan"" magazine. This film turned actress Clara Bow into a major star, and led people to label her the ""It girl"". The film had its world premiere in Los Angeles on January 14, 1927, followed by a New York showing on February 5, 1927. """"It"""" was released to the general public

Jonathan Brandis were cast out of Los Angeles for the parts of young Richie and Bill. According to Cohen, he had written the script for the series without a specific actor in mind for the role of Pennywise. According to director Tommy Lee Wallace, before he was attached to the project, Malcolm McDowell and Roddy McDowall were in consideration to play Pennywise, but Wallace wanted Tim Curry for the role; Wallace had previously worked with the latter in ""Fright Night Part 2"" (1988). ""It"" was shot over a period of three months in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on a budget

the answer was clowns. King thought of a troll like the one in the children's tale ""Three Billy Goats Gruff"", who inhabited a sewer system. The character was portrayed in its Pennywise form by Tim Curry in the 1990 television adaptation and in the 2017 film adaptation by Bill Skarsgård, who will reprise the role in ""It: Chapter Two"", which is scheduled to be released on September 6, 2019. In the novel, It is an eternal entity that can shape shift and change forms. After arriving on Earth, It would sleep for approximately 27 to 30 years at a time,

"Liam Cunningham"
Liam Cunningham Liam Cunningham (born 2 June 1961) is an Irish stage and screen actor. He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic-fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"". He has been nominated for the London Film Critics' Circle Award, the British Independent Film Award, has won two Irish Film & Television Awards, and shared a BAFTA with Michael Fassbender, for their crime-drama short film ""Pitch Black Heist"". Cunningham was born in East Wall, which is an inner city area of the Northside of Dublin. He has three sisters and a brother, and was brought up in a Roman

"Gregor Clegane"
uncontrollable temper. He is also the older brother of Sandor ""The Hound"" Clegane; the two are mortal enemies ever since Gregor gruesomely scarred Sandor by shoving his face into a brazier when they were children. He later becomes the personal bodyguard of Cersei Lannister under the name Robert Strong. In the HBO television adaptation, Clegane was originally portrayed by Australian actor Conan Stevens in season one, and by Welsh actor Ian Whyte in season two; Icelandic actor and strongman Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson took over the role from season four onwards. Ser Gregor Clegane, known as the Mountain That Rides, or

"Peter Dinklage"
Cinematic Universe film """" and Hervé Villechaize in the biopic film ""My Dinner with Hervé"". Since shooting the pilot episode in 2009, Dinklage has portrayed Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series ""Game of Thrones"", for which he won three Primetime Emmys from seven consecutive nominations. He also received a Golden Globe for the role in 2012. Peter Hayden Dinklage was born on June 11, 1969, in Morristown, New Jersey, to John Carl Dinklage, an insurance salesman, and Diane Dinklage, an elementary-school music teacher. He was born with achondroplasia, a common form of dwarfism. Dinklage grew up as the only

"Kristofer Hivju"
Kristofer Hivju Kristofer Hivju (born December 7, 1978) is a Norwegian actor, producer, and writer. He is best known for playing the roles of Tormund Giantsbane in the HBO fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"" and Connor Rhodes in ""The Fate of the Furious"". Hivju was born in Oslo, Norway. In 2004, he graduated from the Danish subdivision of the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) in Aarhus. In 2015, Wyndham Hotel Group signed Hivju to serve as ""Wyndham Rewards Wyzard"" for its launch of a new loyalty program. The loyalty campaign was conceived and produced in partnership with People Ideas

"Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson"
is a seven-time distilled Icelandic vodka, as well as having a gin production. ""Set at competitive meets:"" ""Set in the gym:"" Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson (; born November 26, 1988) is an Icelandic professional strongman and actor. He is the current World's Strongest Man and is the first person to have won the Arnold Strongman Classic, Europe's Strongest Man and World's Strongest Man in the same calendar year. He plays Gregor ""The Mountain"" Clegane in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"". He also is a former professional basketball player. Born in Reykjavík, Hafþór began his basketball career in

Gregor Clegane Gregor Clegane, nicknamed ""The Mountain That Rides"" or simply ""The Mountain"", is a fictional character in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"". In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's ""A Game of Thrones"". He subsequently appeared in ""A Clash of Kings"" (1998), ""A Storm of Swords"" (2000) and in ""A Dance with Dragons"" (2011). A famous knight and retainer to House Lannister, he is well known for his size, prowess in battle, extremely cruel nature, and

"Tyrion Lannister"
more danger and without the Lannister resources. The character is portrayed by American actor Peter Dinklage in the HBO television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"". In 2011, Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series. He won the Emmy again in 2015 and 2018. Among other accolades, Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016. In ""A Game of Thrones"" (1996), Tyrion

"Ian Beattie"
Ian Beattie Ian Beattie (born 3 March 1965) is a Northern Irish actor. Beattie’s start in acting began at an early age, when he used to tour Northern Ireland in a circus with his father. His most notable role is Ser Meryn Trant in five seasons of the HBO fantasy drama ""Game of Thrones"". He has also appeared in numerous other television and film projects, including Antigonus in Oliver Stone's ""Alexander"", Beorhtwulf of Mercia in an episode of History Channel's ""Vikings"" and Showtime's ""The Tudors"". On stage, he starred in the play ""Demented"" by playwright Gary Mitchell at the Lyric

Theatre in Belfast. Ian Beattie Ian Beattie (born 3 March 1965) is a Northern Irish actor. Beattie’s start in acting began at an early age, when he used to tour Northern Ireland in a circus with his father. His most notable role is Ser Meryn Trant in five seasons of the HBO fantasy drama ""Game of Thrones"". He has also appeared in numerous other television and film projects, including Antigonus in Oliver Stone's ""Alexander"", Beorhtwulf of Mercia in an episode of History Channel's ""Vikings"" and Showtime's ""The Tudors"". On stage, he starred in the play ""Demented"" by playwright Gary Mitchell

Strongest Man, thus becoming the first Icelander to win the title since Magnús Ver Magnússon in 1996. On March 3, 2018, Hafþór made history and broke the Elephant Bar deadlift world record with his successful third attempt, as well as being champion of the Arnold Strongman Classic 2018. The previous Elephant Bar deadlift world record was held by Jerry Pritchett at , which was set at the Arnold Strongman Classic 2017. Hafþór was cast as Ser Gregor ""The Mountain"" Clegane for the fourth season of the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"" in August 2013. This was his first main acting

"Botswana pula"
12% devaluation in May 2005, the pula remains one of the strongest currencies in Africa. In 1976, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe and 1 pula. The 1 thebe was struck in aluminium, with the 5 thebe in bronze and the others in cupro-nickel. These coins were round except for the scalloped 1 pula. Bronze, dodecagonal 2 thebe coins were introduced in 1981 and discontinued after 1985. In 1991, bronze-plated steel replaced bronze in the 5 thebe, nickel-plated steel replaced cupro-nickel in the 10, 25 and 50 thebe and the 1 pula changed

ring made of aluminium-nickel-bronze. A new series of coins was introduced in 2013. On August 23, 1976, the Bank of Botswana introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 pula; a 20-pula note followed on February 16, 1978. The 1 and 2 pula notes were replaced by coins in 1991 and 1994, whilst the first 50 and 100 pula notes were introduced on May 29, 1990 and August 23, 1993, respectively. The 5 pula note was replaced by a coin in 2000. The original 1, 2 and 5 pula banknotes were demonetized on 1 July 2011. The current

Botswana pula The pula is the currency of Botswana. It has the ISO 4217 code ""BWP"" and is subdivided into 100 ""thebe"". ""Pula"" literally means ""rain"" in Setswana, because rain is very scarce in Botswana — home to much of the Kalahari Desert — and therefore valuable and a blessing. The word also serves as the national motto of the country. A sub-unit of the currency is known as ""thebe"", or ""shield"", and represents defence. The names were picked with the help of the public. The pula was introduced in 1976, replacing the South African rand at par. Despite a

Botswana
of Botswana serves as a central bank. The country's currency is the Botswana pula. Botswana's competitive banking system is one of Africa's most advanced. Generally adhering to global standards in the transparency of financial policies and banking supervision, the financial sector provides ample access to credit for entrepreneurs. The Capital Bank opened in 2008. , there are a dozen licensed banks in the country. The government is involved in banking through state-owned financial institutions and a special financial incentives program that is aimed at increasing Botswana's status as a financial centre. Credit is allocated on market terms, although the government

series of notes was introduced on 23 August 2009 and contains for the first time, a 200-pula banknote. In response to the concern of the poor quality of the paper of the 10 pula banknote, the Bank of Botswana revealed a 10 pula banknote in polymer in November 2017 and was issued to the public on February 1, 2018. Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008, the government has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008. Local currency became obsolete on April 12, 2009. Several currencies, including the South African rand and Botswana pula circulate in Zimbabwe,

Botswana
Botswana Botswana (), officially the Republic of Botswana (), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the best perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998. Botswana is topographically flat, with up to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the

Botswana
border with South Africa. Based on the 1965 constitution, the country held its first general elections under universal suffrage and gained independence on 30 September 1966. Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first President, and subsequently re-elected twice. The presidency passed to the sitting Vice-President, Quett Masire, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office in 1998. He was succeeded by Festus Mogae, who was elected in his own right in 1999 and re-elected in

"History of Botswana"
Britain accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Botswana. The seat of government was moved from Mafikeng in South Africa, to newly established Gaborone in 1965. The 1965 constitution led to the first general elections and to independence on 30 September 1966. Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice, and died in office in 1980. The presidency passed to the sitting vice president, Ketumile Masire, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office

Botswana
to be dated precisely. Members of the Bakwena, a chieftaincy under a legendary leader named Kgabo II, made their way into the southern Kalahari by AD 1500, at the latest, and his people drove the Bakgalagadi inhabitants west into the desert. Over the years, several offshoots of the Bakwena moved into adjoining territories. The Bangwaketse occupied areas to the west, while the Bangwato moved northeast into formerly Kalanga areas. Not long afterwards, a Bangwato offshoot known as the Batawana migrated into the Okavango Delta, probably in the 1790s. The first written records relating to modern-day Botswana appear in 1824. What

Botswana
against phathisi (goat skin turned inside out wrapped around the calf area, only used by men) to create music and rhythm. For the last few decades, the guitar has been celebrated as a versatile music instrument for Tswana music as it offers a variety in string which the segaba instrument does not have. The national anthem is ""Fatshe leno la rona"". Written and composed by Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete, it was adopted upon independence in 1966. In the northern part of Botswana, women in the villages of Etsha and Gumare are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from Mokola Palm

"Great Salt Lake"
Great Salt Lake The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles (2,460 km²), but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of . In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United

"Mesabi Range"
Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located in northeast Minnesota, largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It was extensively worked in the earlier part of the 20th century. Extraction operations declined throughout the mid-1970s but rebounded in 2005. China's growing demand for iron, along with the falling value of the U.S. dollar

and brine (water with high salt quantity). Minerals extracted from the lake include: sodium chloride (common salt), used in water softeners, salt lick blocks for livestock, and to melt ice on local roadways (food-grade salt is not produced from the lake, as it would require further costly processing to ensure its purity); potassium sulfate, used as a commercial fertilizer; and magnesium-chloride brine, used in the production of magnesium metal, chlorine gas, and as a dust suppressant. US Magnesium operates a plant on the southwest shore of the lake, which produces 14 percent of the worldwide supply of magnesium, more than

"Salton Sea"
Salton Sea The Salton Sea is a shallow, saline, endorheic rift lake located directly on the San Andreas Fault, predominantly in the U.S. state of California's Imperial and Coachella valleys. The lake occupies the lowest elevations of the Salton Sink in the Colorado Desert of Imperial and Riverside counties in Southern California. Its surface is below sea level as of January 2018. The deepest point of the sea is higher than the lowest point of Death Valley. The sea is fed by the New, Whitewater, and Alamo Rivers, as well as agricultural runoff, drainage systems, and creeks. Over millions of

Mesabi Iron Range . . . Bethlehem of the Troubadour Kid"" (referring to Bob Dylan – see above). Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located in northeast Minnesota, largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It was extensively worked in the earlier part of the 20th century. Extraction operations declined throughout the mid-1970s

States that is not part of the Great Lakes region. The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah. The three major tributaries to the lake, the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers together deposit around 1.1 million tons of minerals in the lake each year. As it is endorheic (has no outlet besides evaporation), it has very high salinity (far saltier than seawater) and its mineral content is steadily increasing. Due to the high density resulting from its mineral content, swimming in the Great Salt Lake is similar to

most popular Salt Lake resort until Saltair was built in 1893. The resort was eventually put out of service by a fire in 1904. Great Salt Lake The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles (2,460 km²), but in

"Salt Lake Oil Field"
Salt Lake Oil Field The Salt Lake Oil Field is an oil field underneath the city of Los Angeles, California. Discovered in 1902, and developed quickly in the following years, the Salt Lake field was once the most productive in California; over 50 million barrels of oil have been extracted from it, mostly in the first part of the twentieth century, although modest drilling and extraction from the field using an urban ""drilling island"" resumed in 1962. As of 2009, the only operator on the field was Plains Exploration & Production (PXP). The field is also notable as being the

"Salt River Project"
does not have hydroelectric generating capabilities. At 2,800 acres (11 km²) in surface area when full it is slightly larger than Bartlett but has a smaller total capacity, holding only at maximum. Phelps Dodge, Inc., a large mining company in Arizona, constructed the Blue Ridge Dam (now named C.C. Cragin) in 1965 to help meet its water needs. A water exchange agreement penned three years earlier promised the facilities to SRP, and in 2005 SRP took possession of the dam and water production facilities. Located on the Mogollon Rim, C.C. Cragin is not on the Salt or Verde rivers but

from getting in beneath the foundation. Salt Lake Oil Field The Salt Lake Oil Field is an oil field underneath the city of Los Angeles, California. Discovered in 1902, and developed quickly in the following years, the Salt Lake field was once the most productive in California; over 50 million barrels of oil have been extracted from it, mostly in the first part of the twentieth century, although modest drilling and extraction from the field using an urban ""drilling island"" resumed in 1962. As of 2009, the only operator on the field was Plains Exploration & Production (PXP). The field

mistakes Brad for a chauffeur. When Dusty explains that Brad is the stepdad to his children, Kurt doesn't like it. Brad's overbearing and over-cheerful dad, Don (John Lithgow), arrives next, unnerving Kurt. Don tells Brad that his mother didn't come along, because she is taking care of Brad's uncle who isn't feeling well. Back at the house, Megan and Dylan warmly embrace Don, since he is very present in their lives, while Kurt hasn't seen the children since they were toddlers. Through jealousy of the affection the children show to Don, Kurt rents a large cabin through Airbnb, to house

for Megan, where she announces to the whole audience that she doesn't like the fact that she has to go back and forth to different houses all the time. Back at the house, after the play, Brad and Dusty decide to do away with having two separate Christmases and instead do one ""together Christmas"". Dusty, however, finds out his tough fighter pilot/astronaut father Kurt (Mel Gibson) is coming for Christmas. At the airport the next day, Dusty tells Brad that his father is going to make fun of them since he won't understand their co-dad arrangement. When Kurt arrives, he

m) due to its proximity to Burke Lakefront Airport. The building's base is approximately 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2). The groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7, 1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1, 1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, before a crowd of more than 10,000 people. The following night an all-star concert was

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, recognizes and archives the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Atlantic Records founder and chairman Ahmet Ertegun. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the Hall of Fame's permanent home. Founder Ahmet Ertegun assembled a team that included attorney Suzan Evans,

Cleveland over Memphis, and Cleveland ranked first in a 1986 ""USA Today"" poll asking where the Hall of Fame should be located. On May 5, 1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland. ""The hall of fame should've been in Memphis, certainly,"" wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have been chosen as the organization's site because the city offered

exhibits that range in size from major exhibits that fill the top two floors of the museum to smaller exhibits that are often installed in the main exhibition hall on the lower level. The museum's first major exhibit opened on May 10, 1997. It was called ""I Want to Take You Higher: The Psychedelic Era, 1965 – 1969"". It included artifacts from numerous artists, including John Lennon, Eric Clapton, John Sebastian, the Jefferson Airplane, and Janis Joplin, as well as artifacts related to the Monterey International Pop Festival and Woodstock. That exhibit was followed by ""Elvis is in the Building"",

Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. At one point in the planning phase, when a financing gap existed, planners proposed locating the Rock Hall in the then-vacant May Company Building, but finally decided to commission architect I. M. Pei to design a new building. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site. Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was initially planned to stand 200 ft (61 m) high, but had to be cut down to 162 ft (49

concerts, a gospel celebration, exhibition openings, free admission to the museum, and induction ceremonies filled with both fans and VIPs at Public Hall. Millions viewed the television broadcast of the Cleveland inductions; tens of thousands traveled to Ohio during induction week to participate in Induction-related events. The economic impact of the 2009 induction week activities was more than $13 million, and it provided an additional $20 million in media exposure for the region. The 2012 induction week yielded similar results. There are seven levels in the building. On the lower level is the Ahmet M. Ertegun Exhibition Hall, the museum's

"Pro Football Hall of Fame"
the league. Groundbreaking for the building was held on August 11, 1962. The original building contained just two rooms, and of interior space. In April 1970, ground was broken for the first of many expansions. This first expansion cost $620,000, and was completed in May 1971. The size was increased to by adding another room. The pro shop opened with this expansion. This was also an important milestone for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as yearly attendance passed the 200,000 mark for the first time. This was at least in some part due to the increase in popularity of

""Rolling Stone"" magazine editor and publisher Jann S. Wenner, attorney Allen Grubman, and record executives Seymour Stein, Bob Krasnow, and Noreen Woods. The Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia (home of Bill Haley and ""American Bandstand""), Memphis (home of Sun Studios and Stax Records), Detroit (home of Motown Records), Cincinnati (home of King Records), New York City, and Cleveland. Cleveland lobbied for the museum, citing that WJW disc jockey Alan Freed both coined the term ""rock and roll"" and heavily promoted the new

"National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & Museum"
The $1.7-million facility, located on the Marion County Fairgrounds in Knoxville, officially opened on January 4, 1992. The first floor of the four-story structure features the Donald Lamberti National Sprint Car Museum, a museum store and the administrative offices. The museum currently has twenty-five (25) restored ‘big cars’, supermodifieds and sprint cars on loan. The exhibit space also contains displays of trophies, paintings, photos, plaques, helmets and other memorabilia of the sport of sprint car racing. The National Sprint Car Hall of Fame honors outstanding achievers in the sport of ‘big car’ and sprint car racing, including those in the

"Nebula (comics)"
held six ""Infinity Gems"" of virtually-unlimited power, which gave her seemingly-absolute control of reality while she possessed them. However, her short sightedness meant that she often made crucial errors in judgment when wielding the power, like undoing the events of Thanos's godhood without realizing that this would revert her to her near-death state and free the imprisoned Cosmic Pantheon whom Thanos had recently defeated. Karen Gillan portrays Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as one of the children raised by Thanos alongside her adopted sister Gamora. Over time, Nebula developed an obsessive need to best Gamora in combat. Every time

"Nebula Man"
innocent stepdaughter Rhiannon (a.k.a. Misty Kilgore). However, moved by her beauty and symmetry, he could not bear to do it and allowed the girl to escape. This was Neh-Buh-Loh's secret shame for many years. It was further explained that in the 1940s, Neh-Buh-Loh had been summoned (rather than created) by The Hand using a sonic horn. The creature was seeking ""seven soldiers"" who were prophesied to one day defeat his mistress, Gloriana. The Hand was all too eager to point him in the right direction, thus leading to the original Seven Soldiers becoming lost in time. This same sonic horn

""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"". She reprised the role in the 2018 film """" and will do so for the 2019 film """". Nebula was created by writer Roger Stern and artist John Buscema, and first appeared in ""The Avengers"" #257 (July 1985). A brutal space pirate and mercenary, Nebula seized control of Sanctuary II, a massive spaceship previously under the command of Thanos. Thanos was believed to be dead at this point, and Nebula claimed that he had been her grandfather. Nebula's band of mercenaries and pirates consisted of Skunge, Kehl, Gunthar and Levan. Nebula asked the second

"Karen Gillan"
Karen Gillan Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, screenwriter and model. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series ""Doctor Who"" (2010–2013). She has received wide recognition for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films ""Guardians of the Galaxy"" (2014), ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"" (2017), """" (2018) and """" (2019) and also played Martha in """" (2017). In 2018, she released her first featured film as a writer and director, titled ""The Party's Just Beginning"". Gillan was born and raised in

Thor, Spider-Man and Sersi – were able to escape the destruction and shut down the equipment in time to negate the unmaking of existence). She fought the Avengers, and absorbed energies from the Infinity Union through the implant in her brain. As she fought the Avengers, she lost her powers when Sersi removed the brain implant. Nebula then escaped. The newly resurrected Thanos was offended by Nebula's claims of kinship. He reclaimed his ship and almost kills her, using the Infinity Gems. He transformed her into a grotesque virtual corpse still barely alive, leaving her as a maimed and seemingly

to free her pirate crew from the ""Anvil"" space prison, but was thwarted by the Silver Surfer and Jack of Hearts. She killed her crew in escaping. Nebula has appeared as one of Gamora's followers, 'The Graces'. In this role, she battled Ronan the Accuser alongside Stellaris. Ronan triumphed, severely wounding her. Nebula is an athletic woman, and an excellent armed and unarmed combatant. She possesses a gifted intellect and is a brilliant battle strategist. Nebula uses blasters worn on her wrists that fire concussive blasts of unknown energy or heat blasts that can incinerate a human being almost instantly.

was used by The Hand's nephew Boy Blue to once again summon Neh-Buh-Loh and the Sheeda in the present, leading to the destruction of an ""ad hoc"" Seven Soldiers team created by the original Vigilante. This set the stage for the Harrowing of Earth which the heroes of the ""Seven Soldiers"" series attempted to prevent. Neh-Buh-Loh was finally defeated by Frankenstein, who capitalized on a flaw placed in him as an infant by the Ultramarine Corps, a team of heroes who had entered Qwewq seeking redemption. The use of Neh-Buh-Loh in ""Seven Soldiers"" is influenced by several characters in myth

as a cosmic being ""whose touch has the power of 20 atomic bombs."" He was supposedly created by a villain known as The Hand to defeat the original Seven Soldiers of Victory (a later retcon would give him his current origin, with The Hand's involvement being more incidental). He battled the Soldiers in Tibet. His actions scattered the Soldiers through time, a fate from which they were later saved by the Justice League and Justice Society. The Nebula Man was defeated when the sidekick of the Crimson Avenger, Wing, sacrificed himself to deliver the final blow with a cosmic device,

Nebula (comics) Nebula is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Roger Stern and John Buscema, the character first appeared in ""The Avengers"" #257 (July 1985). A pirate and mercenary operating in outer space, the character has frequently appeared as an enemy of the Avengers, Guardians of the Galaxy and the Silver Surfer. Nebula has appeared in various adaptations of the Marvel comics, including animated television series and video games. Karen Gillan portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with the 2014 film ""Guardians of the Galaxy"" and its 2017 sequel

Silver Surfer, Thor, the Hulk, Firelord, Doctor Doom and Drax the Destroyer— the only heroes that Strange had been able to locate in the time available to him. The group confronted her, and, with Thanos exploiting Nebula's inexperience with wielding the Gauntlet, she was tricked into undoing the events of Thanos's godhood and all the death and destruction Thanos wreaked with his power. The Cosmic Pantheon (which Thanos had earlier defeated) immediately appeared, and battled her. With Nebula thus distracted— lacking the knowledge to realize that they were keeping her occupied by attacking her all at once, thus preventing her

Sahara
Sahara The Sahara (, ; , ', 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for ""desert"", ' ( ). The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in

Sahara
suitable for use as fertilizer for growing wheat. People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the end of the last glacial period. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including ""Afrovenator"", ""Jobaria"" and ""Ouranosaurus"", have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is not lush in vegetation, except in the Nile Valley, at a few oases, and in the northern highlands, where Mediterranean plants such

Sahara
government, who, according to Keenan, ""documented a space of intercultural mediation,"" contributing much to preserving the indigenous cultural identities in the region. Sahara The Sahara (, ; , ', 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for ""desert"", ' ( ). The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the

Sahara
valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields. The Garamantes grew populous and strong, conquering their neighbors and capturing many slaves (who were put to work extending the tunnels). The ancient Greeks and the Romans knew of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilized nomads. However, they traded with them, and a Roman bath has been found in the Garamantes' capital of Garama. Archaeologists have found eight major towns and many other important settlements in the Garamantes' territory. The Garamantes' civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain

Sahara
fox and Rüppell's fox. The addax, a large white antelope, can go nearly a year in the desert without drinking. The dorcas gazelle is a north African gazelle that can also go for a long time without water. Other notable gazelles include the rhim gazelle and dama gazelle. The Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites and acacias. They are

Sahara
of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually). Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; Ghat in Libya; and Faya-Largeau in Chad. The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow causes a warming

Sahara
is now called Nubia, were full participants in the ""agricultural revolution"", living a settled lifestyle with domesticated plants and animals. Saharan rock art of cattle and herdsmen suggests the presence of a cattle cult like those found in Sudan and other pastoral societies in Africa today. Megaliths found at Nabta Playa are overt examples of probably the world's first known archaeoastronomy devices, predating Stonehenge by some 2,000 years. This complexity, as observed at Nabta Playa, and as expressed by different levels of authority within the society there, likely formed the basis for the structure of both the Neolithic society at

Sahara
can be long. Its venom contains large amounts of agitoxin and scyllatoxin and is very dangerous; however, a sting from this scorpion rarely kills a healthy adult. The Saharan silver ant is unique in that due to the extreme high temperatures of their habitat, and the threat of predators, the ants are active outside their nest for only about ten minutes per day. Dromedary camels and goats are the domesticated animals most commonly found in the Sahara. Because of its qualities of endurance and speed, the dromedary is the favourite animal used by nomads. Human activities are more likely to

Sahara
extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, by storing water in their thick stems to use it in dry periods, by having long roots that travel horizontally to reach the maximum area of water and to find any surface moisture, and by having small thick leaves or needles to prevent water loss by evapotranspiration. Plant leaves may dry out totally and then recover. Several species of fox live in the Sahara including: the fennec fox, pale

"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)"
of the Sahara Desert, along the boundary with the hot semi-arid climate (""BSh"") of the Sahel, receives most of its annual rainfall during the highest-sun months (summer) when the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone moves up from the south. Wind- and sandstorms occur in early spring. Local inhabitants protect themselves from the heat, the sunshine, the dry air, the high diurnal temperature ranges and the sometimes dusty or sandy winds by covering their heads, such as the cheche garment worn by Tuareg. The Sahara was one of the first regions of Africa to be farmed. Some 5,000 years ago, the area was

"Phuntsog Namgyal"
found a man churning milk. He offered them some refreshments and gave them shelter. So impressed were they by his deeds that they realised that he was a chosen one and immediately crowned him king. The crowning took place Norbughang near Yuksom on a stone slab in a pine covered hill, and he was anointed by sprinkling water from a sacred urn. Phuntsog, along with the lamas, then converted the local Lepcha people to Buddhism and set about expanding his kingdom up to the Chumbi Valley in Tibet, parts of modern-day Darjeeling in the south, and parts of eastern Nepal.

"History of Manipur"
was a peaceful one. Technical innovation in metallurgy was also recorded in the chronicle. The treatise on the construction of the places of Kangla and Kangla Houba are believed to have been written by Ashangba Laiba. King Kyamba of Manipur along with Chaopha Khe Khomba, the king of Pong, conquered Kyang, a Shan kingdom in the Kabow Valley of present Myanmar. Jubilant at the victory, an idol of Lord Vishnu was given by the Pong king to King Kyamba. King Kyamba started worshipping the idol at Lumlangdong which then came to be known as Bishnupur i.e. abode of Vishnu. Subsequently,

Ralpacan
Ralpacan Ralpacan (), born Tritsuk Detsen () c. 806 CE according to traditional sources, was the 41st King of Tibet, ruling from the death of his father, Sadnalegs, in c. 815, until 838 CE. He is referred to as ""son of God"" in the ""Testament of Ba"". He was the second of five brothers. The eldest, Prince Tsangma (), took Buddhist vows. The third, Langdarma, who was anti-Buddhist and ruled after the death of Ralpacan, is referred to in the sources as ""unfit to reign"". The younger two brothers both died young. Ralpacan is considered very important to the history

Pyusawhti
Pyusawhti Pyusawhti ( , ; also Pyuminhti, ) was a semi-legendary king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who according to the Burmese chronicles supposedly reigned from 167 to 242 CE. The chronicles down to the 18th century had reported that Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess, was the founder of Pagan—hence, Burmese monarchy. However ""Hmannan Yazawin"", the Royal Chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty proclaimed in 1832 that he was actually a scion of Tagaung Kingdom and traced his lineage all the way to Maha Sammata, the first king of the world in Buddhist mythology. Scholarship

Ralpacan
near the Yarlung Valley; his tomb decorated with ""a remarkable stone lion carved in a style said by some modern scholars to be Persian."" Ralpacan Ralpacan (), born Tritsuk Detsen () c. 806 CE according to traditional sources, was the 41st King of Tibet, ruling from the death of his father, Sadnalegs, in c. 815, until 838 CE. He is referred to as ""son of God"" in the ""Testament of Ba"". He was the second of five brothers. The eldest, Prince Tsangma (), took Buddhist vows. The third, Langdarma, who was anti-Buddhist and ruled after the death of Ralpacan, is

Manipur
known by various names, such as Mi-tei, Poirei-Mitei, Meetei, Maitei or Meitei. The Puwaris, Ninghthou Kangbalon, Ningthourol Lambuba, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Poireiton Khunthokpa, recorded the events of each King who ruled Manipur in a span of more than 3500 years until 1955 AD (a total of more than 108 kings). Ningthou Kangba (15th century BC) is regarded the first and foremost king of Manipur. There were times when the country was in turmoil without rulers and long historical gaps in between 1129 BC - 44 BC. In 1891 AD, after the defeat of the Meiteis by the British in the Anglo-Manipuri

History of Manipur The history of Manipur (Kangleipak in ancient times) is reflected by archaeological research, mythology and written history. Since ancient times, the Meitei people have lived in the valleys of Manipur alongside the highlanders in the hills and valley in peace. Meitei Pangal (Muslims) people settled in the valleys during the reign of Meidingu Khagemba in the year 1606. Since then, they also lived along with the Meitei. Mythological origins begin with the reign of the ""Konchin Tukthapa Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa"" (Pakhangpa was the name given to him meaning ""The one who knows his father""), who gave birth

"Min Bin"
many rulers in the region, Min Bin realized that the Portuguese problem was not going away, and decided to hire Portuguese mercenaries to his armed forces. In the following years, Min Bin enlisted many Portuguese mercenaries and their firearms, and with their help, he established well-armed naval and army forces. After the military successes, Min Bin began to regard himself ""as a world conqueror or ""cakravartin""."" To commemorate his victory in Bengal, he began the construction of a massive temple complex that would become the Shitthaung Temple (80,000 Buddha Images) on 9 November 1535 (Full moon of Tazaungmon 897 ME).

Kameshwara
Kameshwara Kameshwara, Bamesvara, or Kameçvara was the second monarch of Kediri kingdom and ruled circa 1117–1130 CE. His formal stylized name was ""Çri Maharaja Rake Sirikan çri Kameçvara Sakalabhuvanatustikarana Sarvanivaryyaviryya Parakrama Digjayottunggadeva"". The ""Lanchana"" (royal seal) of his reign was a skull with a crescent moon called ""chandrakapala"", the symbol of Shiva. Tradition mentioned King Kameshwara as a man of prowess and a strikingly handsome man. His name derived from ""Kama-ishvara"", another name of Kamadeva, the Hindu god of love and desire. His queen consort Çri Kirana was also mentioned as a woman with extraordinary beauty. Kameshvara was the prince

River). He ruled the country from Langthabal and died on 9 January 1834 to be succeeded by his infant son Chandrakirti / Ningthem Pishak (1834–1844). He was the second cousin of Gambhir Singh and the regent. Kumidini, mother of Chandrakirti, was dissatisfied with the arrangement and fled to Cachar with her son. At the wish of the people of Meitrabak he ascended the throne in 1844 at the age of 51. He then shifted the capital from Langthabal to Kangla where he reconstructed the two statues of the Kangla Sha at Uttra made by Meidingngu Chaurajit and that the Burmese

"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church"
Bishop Long used his pastoral influence to coerce them into a sexual relationship with him when they were teenagers. On January 15, 2017, Bishop Eddie Long died from an aggressive form of cancer according to a statement released by the church. The church then announced Stephen A. Davis, pastor of New Birth Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama would be Long's successor at New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia while remaining pastor of the Birmingham. However in June, 2018 Bishop Davis resigned. On November 19, 2018, the church announced Jamal Bryant, pastor of Empowerment Temple AME Church in Baltimore, Maryland would

New Birth Missionary Baptist Church New Birth Missionary Baptist Church is a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, near Lithonia. It has embraced a Pentecostal theology not typically found in African-American Baptist churches. The church was founded in 1939 in Scottdale as Travelers Rest Baptist Church. In 1983, it moved to Decatur and adopted its current name. Eddie Long took over as pastor in 1987. At the time, the church had only 300 members. Since his installation, membership has grown to 25,000. In 2002, New Birth was chosen to host the live recording of Dorinda Clark-Cole, and was chosen by

become the new pastor of New Birth. Pastor Bryant resigned as Pastor of Empowerment Temple in early December. New Birth Missionary Baptist Church New Birth Missionary Baptist Church is a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, near Lithonia. It has embraced a Pentecostal theology not typically found in African-American Baptist churches. The church was founded in 1939 in Scottdale as Travelers Rest Baptist Church. In 1983, it moved to Decatur and adopted its current name. Eddie Long took over as pastor in 1987. At the time, the church had only 300 members. Since his installation, membership has grown to 25,000.

"NewSpring Church"
founder Perry Noble was removed as Senior Pastor effective July 1, 2016 for personal issues related to alcohol and neglect of his family by the church's leadership team. A year later it was announced that NewSpring would be led by a team of 4 Lead Pastors (Brad Cooper, Shane Duffey, Michael Mullikin, Howard Frist) and 3 Teaching Pastors (Brad Cooper, Clayton King, Dan Lian) would share the stage on Sundays. The church also instituted a team of elders composed of a few ""owners"" from different NewSpring campuses. NewSpring stated in Summer 2018 that Jesus Christ was their Senior Pastor. In

"Kevin DeYoung"
Kevin DeYoung Kevin DeYoung (born 1977) is an American Reformed Evangelical theologian and author. He is currently the senior pastor at Christ Covenant Church, in Matthews, North Carolina. The church he previously pastored, University Reformed Church (East Lansing, Michigan), shifted to the Presbyterian Church in America in March 2015 after having been a member of the Reformed Church in America. DeYoung is a member of The Gospel Coalition Council. DeYoung was born in South Holland, Illinois, and largely grew up in Jenison, Michigan, where his parents Lee and Sheri DeYoung worked for Words of Hope - an international media ministry

"Carl Lentz"
Moment"" was released. He baptized personalities like Justin Bieber and Kevin Durant. On October 30, 2017, while on ""The View"", Lentz was asked if he believed abortion was a sin; he did not answer the question directly, instead saying that ""The cultural, religious norm right now is that if you and I disagree, we’re done. I don’t believe that’s the case."" Eight days later, Lentz released a statement via Twitter saying ""I do believe abortion is sinful."" Carl Lentz Stephen Carl Lentz (born 6 November 1978) is the lead pastor of Hillsong Church, New York City. Carl Lentz was born

no longer exists. Then in the future years, there were more churches such as New Birth Metro, New Birth Knoxville, New Birth Oakland, and New Birth California. In 2006, the church was chosen by the family of Martin Luther King, Jr. to host and officiate the funeral for Mrs. Coretta Scott King, wife of the late civil rights pioneer. The event was attended by four Presidents (George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Jimmy Carter). The church has also been marred by controversy, with four individuals filing separate lawsuits in DeKalb County Superior Court, Georgia alleging that

"Church of God in Christ"
across the nation. Pastor Dennis Martin and Superintendent Willie James Campbell succeeded Bishop White as presidents. The current president of the Department of Evangelism is Bishop Elijah Hankerson III of St. Louis, Missouri. In 2017, Presiding Bishop Charles E. Blake appointed gospel artist and Evangelist Dr. Dorinda Clark Cole of Detroit, Michigan as the Elect Lady. Her predecessor was Evangelist Dr. Rita Womack of Los Angeles, California. Pentecostals have been known and continue to be known for their lively worship, exuberant expressions of praise and worship, and musical compilations, mostly relying on congregational singing of hymns and chants. The COGIC

"Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ"
District Elder Bonnie Hunter be consecrated to the episcopacy in July 2018 at the 61st Holy Convocation as the First Woman Bishop of International Bibleway. Though the organizations are similar in structure and doctrine, the major differences reside in ordination of women. This was the always a point of contention between Apostle Winfield Showell and Apostle Smallwood Williams. Cornelius Showell, is following the convictions of his Father Winfield A. Showell. Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ The Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ World-Wide was an African-American Oneness Pentecostal denomination started in 1957 in Washington, DC.

"Larry Huch"
Larry Huch Larry Huch (born November 15, 1950) is an American non-denominational pastor and televangelist. He is the founder and senior pastor of DFW New Beginnings in Bedford, Texas along with his wife Tiz. They have three children that are all active in their ministry, and three grandchildren. Founded in November 2004, this non-denominational church developed into a diverse, multi-ethnic congregation of several thousand people. They have a ministry that spans over forty years and includes the pioneering of seven churches on two continents. A commitment to sharing a positive, life-changing and faith-based message in the church is the hallmark

"Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
France. Prince Khalid was enrolled in Georgetown University to pursue his higher education in the University's Master of Arts in Security Studies program. Due to various official duties and tasks, his studies were postponed prior to his appointment as ambassador to the United States. After graduating from the King Faisal Air Academy, prince Khalid joined the Royal Saudi Air Force. He commenced his aviation career by flying T-6 Texan and T-38 aircraft at Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi. He then started flying F-15 S and was also appointed as a Tactical Intelligence Officer in addition to his duties as

"Prince Faisal bin Hussein"
moved schools again, this time to Eaglebrook School, also in Deerfield. In 1978, Feisal commenced his high school education at St. Albans School in Washington, D.C. which he graduated from in 1981. His university education was at Brown University from where he graduated in 1985 with a ScB degree in electrical engineering. The prince also graduated with a master's degree in management from the London Business School in 1988. During his university years, Faisal took flying lessons and obtained a private pilot's license. Prior to graduating from Brown University, Faisal served in the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF), from which

"Prince Ali bin Hussein"
Prince Ali began his primary education at the Islamic Educational College in Amman. He continued his studies in the United Kingdom, the United States and graduated from Salisbury School in Connecticut in 1993, where he excelled in wrestling. He entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the United Kingdom. Ali was commissioned as an officer in December 1994 and was awarded the Brunei Medal for serving in Brunei. Before continuing his studies in the United States, he served in the Jordanian Special Forces as a pathfinder, earning his military freefall parachute wings. He completed his undergraduate education at Princeton University

"Mohammad bin Salman"
Turki bin Salman, former chairman of the Saudi Research and Marketing Group, and Khalid bin Salman. Prince Mohammed holds a bachelor's degree in law from King Saud University. After graduating from college, Mohammed bin Salman spent several years in the private sector before becoming personal aide to his father. He worked as a consultant for the Experts Commission, working for the Saudi Cabinet. On 15 December 2009, at the age of 24, Mohammed bin Salman entered politics as a special advisor to his father when the latter was the governor of Riyadh Province. At this time Mohammed bin Salman began

"Fahd of Saudi Arabia"
the eldest member of the Sudairi Seven. Fahd's education took place at the Princes' School in Riyadh, a school established by Ibn Saud specifically for the education of members of the House of Saud. He received education for four years as a result of his mother's urging. While at the Princes' School, Fahd studied under tutors including Sheikh Abdul-Ghani Khayat. He then went on to receive education at the Religious Knowledge Institute in Mecca. Prince Fahd was made a member of the royal advisory board at his mother's urging. In 1945, Prince Fahd traveled on his first state visit to

"Prince Hashim bin Hussein"
He later graduated from Maret School in Washington, D.C in 1999. Prince Hashim went to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2000. He was awarded the Prince Saud Bin Abdullah Prize, presented to the cadet with the highest aggregate mark. After graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he attended Duke University, later transferring to Georgetown University. In August 2005, the prince obtained an undergraduate degree in Comparative Studies from Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. He later graduated in Quran studies at Balqa Applied University in Jordan on 5 September 2006. While serving as a Captain

"Turki bin Faisal Al Saud"
he graduated in 1963. He then attended the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, part of class of 1968 (alongside future U.S. President Bill Clinton). Turki also did further studies at Princeton, Cambridge, and the University of London, where he took courses in Islamic law and jurisprudence. After returning to the Kingdom, Turki was appointed an adviser in the Royal Court in 1973. Prince Turki began his political career as deputy to his uncle, Kamal Adham, and then, his successor as the head of Saudi Arabia's Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah (General Intelligence Directorate), a position he

"Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud"
School in Riyadh and graduated from King Saud University after studying law. He completed his postgraduate studies at Oxford University and obtained a Master's Degree in International Law at Saint Clements University. He received his PhD degree in International Law from the Paris-Sorbonne University. His doctoral thesis was published in French and is entitled, ""Problèmes de base du droit des entreprises en difficulté: Etude comparée droit français-droit saoudien."" He is fluent in Arabic, English and French. Prince Salman founded ""The Visionary Movers Club"", which aims to bring young leaders of the world together in a single platform, to share knowledge,

"Ahmed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
brother of Prince Fahd, Prince Sultan, Prince Abdulaziz, Prince Faisal and Princess Hassa. Prince Ahmed first studied at Colorado School of Mines. He then graduated from Wentworth Military Academy. After graduation, he returned to Saudi Arabia and joined the Saudi Air Force. Later, Ahmed bin Salman continued his studies in the US and attended University of California, Irvine. He studied comparative culture and graduated from the university in the early 1980s. In Saudi Arabia Ahmed bin Salman joined armed forces before dealing with business. After leaving armed forces in 1985 he established ASAS, a company which specialized in maintenance and

"Faisal bin Fahd"
of treatment in Los Angeles at the age of 76. His full brothers are Saud bin Fahd, Khaled bin Fahd and Sultan bin Fahd. Faisal bin Fahd studied political science and economics at the University of California at Santa Barbara, graduating in 1971. Prince Faisal's first post was the president of Saudi fencing federation. In 1971, he was appointed as the chairman of the Saudi football federation. In July 1975, he became the president of Youth Welfare and promoted to the ministerial rank in 1977. He was also appointed the chairman of the Saudi Arabian olympic committee in 1975, and

Venus
Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely,

Venus
crescent phase about one month before or after inferior conjunction. Venus fades to about magnitude −3 when it is backlit by the Sun. The planet is bright enough to be seen in a clear midday sky and is more easily visible when the Sun is low on the horizon or setting. As an inferior planet, it always lies within about 47° of the Sun. Venus ""overtakes"" Earth every 584 days as it orbits the Sun. As it does so, it changes from the ""Evening Star"", visible after sunset, to the ""Morning Star"", visible before sunrise. Although Mercury, the other inferior

"Phases of Venus"
is on the opposite side of the Sun. It shows a ""quarter phase"" when it is at its maximum elongation from the Sun. Venus presents a ""thin crescent"" in telescopic views as it comes around to the near side between the Earth and the Sun and presents its ""new phase"" when it is between the Earth and the Sun. Since the planet has an atmosphere it can be seen at ""new"" in a telescope by the halo of light refracted around the planet. The full cycle from ""new"" to ""full"" to ""new"" again takes 584 days (the time it takes

Venus
sidereal day has increased by 6.5 minutes in that time span. Because of the retrograde rotation, the length of a solar day on Venus is significantly shorter than the sidereal day, at 116.75 Earth days (making the Venusian solar day shorter than Mercury's 176 Earth days). One Venusian year is about 1.92 Venusian solar days. To an observer on the surface of Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east, although Venus's opaque clouds prevent observing the Sun from the planet's surface. Venus may have formed from the solar nebula with a different rotation period

Venus
heights. Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and,

"Transit of Venus"
can be as far as 9.6° from the Sun when viewed from the Earth at inferior conjunction. Since the angular diameter of the Sun is about half a degree, Venus may appear to pass above or below the Sun by more than 18 solar diameters during an ordinary conjunction. Sequences of transits usually repeat every 243 years. After this period of time Venus and Earth have returned to very nearly the same point in their respective orbits. During the Earth's 243 sidereal orbital periods, which total 88,757.3 days, Venus completes 395 sidereal orbital periods of 224.701 days each, equal to

of the Moon, Venus appears smaller, and travels more slowly across the face of the Sun, because it is much farther away from Earth. Transits of Venus are among the rarest of predictable astronomical phenomena. They occur in a pattern that generally repeats every 243 years, with pairs of transits eight years apart separated by long gaps of 121.5 years and 105.5 years. The periodicity is a reflection of the fact that the orbital periods of Earth and Venus are close to 8:13 and 243:395 commensurabilities. The last transit of Venus was on 5 and 6 June 2012, and was

Venus
the face of the Sun. Transits of Venus occur when the planet's inferior conjunction coincides with its presence in the plane of Earth's orbit. Transits of Venus occur in cycles of with the current pattern of transits being pairs of transits separated by eight years, at intervals of about or —a pattern first discovered in 1639 by the English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks. The latest pair was June 8, 2004 and June 5–6, 2012. The transit could be watched live from many online outlets or observed locally with the right equipment and conditions. The preceding pair of transits occurred in December

Transit of Venus A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and a superior planet, becoming visible against (and hence obscuring a small portion of) the solar disk. During a transit, Venus can be seen from Earth as a small black disk moving across the face of the Sun. The duration of such transits is usually several hours (the transit of 2012 lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes). A transit is similar to a solar eclipse by the Moon. While the diameter of Venus is more than three times that

88,756.9 Earth days. This period of time corresponds to 152 synodic periods of Venus. The pattern of 105.5, 8, 121.5 and 8 years is not the only pattern that is possible within the 243-year cycle, because of the slight mismatch between the times when the Earth and Venus arrive at the point of conjunction. Prior to 1518, the pattern of transits was 8, 113.5 and 121.5 years, and the eight inter-transit gaps before the AD 546 transit were 121.5 years apart. The current pattern will continue until 2846, when it will be replaced by a pattern of 105.5, 129.5 and

PH
the pH of pure water is 7.47. At 25 °C it's 7.00, and at 100 °C it's 6.14. This definition was adopted because ion-selective electrodes, which are used to measure pH, respond to activity. Ideally, electrode potential, ""E"", follows the Nernst equation, which, for the hydrogen ion can be written as where ""E"" is a measured potential, ""E"" is the standard electrode potential, ""R"" is the gas constant, ""T"" is the temperature in kelvins, ""F"" is the Faraday constant. For H number of electrons transferred is one. It follows that electrode potential is proportional to pH when pH is defined

PH
cycle, and there is evidence of ongoing ocean acidification caused by carbon dioxide emissions. However, pH measurement is complicated by the chemical properties of seawater, and several distinct pH scales exist in chemical oceanography. As part of its operational definition of the pH scale, the IUPAC defines a series of buffer solutions across a range of pH values (often denoted with NBS or NIST designation). These solutions have a relatively low ionic strength (≈0.1) compared to that of seawater (≈0.7), and, as a consequence, are not recommended for use in characterizing the pH of seawater, since the ionic strength differences

PH
used as pH indicators occur in many plants, including hibiscus, red cabbage (anthocyanin) and red wine. The juice of citrus fruits is acidic mainly because it contains citric acid. Other carboxylic acids occur in many living systems. For example, lactic acid is produced by muscle activity. The state of protonation of phosphate derivatives, such as ATP, is pH-dependent. The functioning of the oxygen-transport enzyme hemoglobin is affected by pH in a process known as the Root effect. The pH of seawater is typically limited to a range between 7.5 and 8.4. It plays an important role in the ocean's carbon

"Flag of India"
Flag of India The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term ""tricolour"" () almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the ' flag,

towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre. Flag of India The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India.

approved unanimously. It served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the Republic of India since then. The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated by three documents issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). All of the flags are made out of khadi cloth of silk or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008. Nine standard sizes of the flag are specified by law. In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian

However, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel, this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to accepting it. The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka wheel in blue in the centre of the white band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The resolution was

standard IS:1803-1973. Note that the values given in the table correspond to CIE 1931 color space. Approximate RGB values for use may be taken to be: India saffron #FF9933, white #FFFFFF, India green #138808, navy blue #000080. Pantone values closest to this are 130 U, White, 2258 C and 2735 C. Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing. The design was then modified to include a white stripe

in the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, saffron, white and green were chosen for the three bands, representing courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively. A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the ""Swaraj"" flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the ""charkha"" was replaced by

and based on directives from England, the British Indian government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the ""Swaraj"" flag. The ""Swaraj"" flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement. A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed. To select a flag for independent India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an ""ad hoc"" committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and including Maulana Abul Kalam

Standards Institute (now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metric system which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17 August 1968. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and hemp cordage. The guidelines are covered under civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail terms. Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to

people, white for purity, and green for hope. On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in Nagpur commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the ""Swaraj"" flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of May, Jamnalal Bajaj, the secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the ""Flag Satyagraha"", gaining national attention and marking a significant point in the flag movement.

a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. By law, the flag is to be made of """", a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by Mahatma Gandhi. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, who allocates it to regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha has been the sole manufacturer of the flag. Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code

"Preity Zinta"
Deol and Priyanka Chopra, is a patriotic drama about a spy network involving terrorists and an Indian army officer. Zinta played the part of Reshma, a villager who falls in love with the officer and becomes part of this network. The film, involving stunts never seen before in the cinematic history of Bollywood, became the most expensive Hindi film ever produced at the time. Despite being the third highest-grossing film of that year, it failed to recover its production costs at the box office. She next starred in Honey Irani's directorial debut, ""Armaan"", alongside Amitabh Bachchan and Anil Kapoor. This

and she does a fairly decent job of it without ever being spectacular."" Later that year, Yash Chopra cast her opposite Shahrukh Khan as the female lead in the love saga ""Veer-Zaara"", the top-grossing Hindi film of that year both in India and abroad, with revenues of over worldwide. The film, which relates the love story of an Indian officer, Veer Pratap Singh, and a Pakistani woman, Zaara Haayat Khan, had a strong international release, including a screening at the Berlin Film Festival, and won several Best Movie awards at major Indian award functions. For her portrayal of Zaara, a

"YZ (film)"
be YZ! Gajanan Kulkarni(Sagar Deshmukh) a 33-year old history professor from Wai, Maharashtra who is still a virgin and very shy in talking with girls who is due to get married, eventually ends up in Pune for a temporary lecturer in University, Where he befriends 18-Year old student nicknamed Battees(Akshay Tanksale) who is very famous in college for his confident attitude. He opens him up to a new world around him. While staying with his aunt in Pune, She arranges a marriage proposal for him with a girl Parnarekha(Sai Tamhankar), Both get involved into each other but soon Gajanan realizes

"Nil Battey Sannata"
Nil Battey Sannata Nil Battey Sannata (; slang for ""Good For Nothing""), released internationally as The New Classmate, is a 2015 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari in her feature debut. Produced by Aanand L. Rai, Ajay Rai, and Alan McAlex under the banners of Colour Yellow Productions and JAR Pictures, the film was co-written by Iyer, Neeraj Singh, Pranjal Choudhary, and Nitesh Tiwari. Swara Bhaskar starred as Chanda Sahay, a high-school drop-out household maid and single mother of a sullen young girl named Apeksha, played by Ria Shukla. The film's theme is a person's right to dream

Bhoothnath
popular movie among children and the performances of the main trio (Amitabh Bachchan, Juhi Chawla, and Aman Siddiqui) were praised by critics and audiences alike. A young couple sneaks into a house, The Nath Villa, a huge bungalow in Goa. They meet with some supernatural events, only to discover a ghost lives in this house, and they run from there. Days later, Aditya and Anjali shift along with their kid Banku in the house. Aditya is an engineer working on a cruise line and leaves for it while Anjali hires Anthony, a drunk thief as a cleaner. One night, Banku

"Tikli and Laxmi Bomb"
up as her own motivation soon enough, understanding that ladies of the world are sisters in what they experience and their capacity lies in realizing that? Living in what could well be the strata of society that is most mistreated by man centric society, as it doesn't even authoritatively exist in India, can these young ladies fashion another way for sex specialists in the nation? Or on the other hand do they rise just to at last be overwhelmed by a claustrophobic man's reality? Vibhawari Deshpande Chitrangada Chakraborty Tikli and Laxmi Bomb Tikli and Laxmi Bomb is Bollywood film released

Nishabd
for Best Female Debut in 2007 for her performance in Nishabd. Nishabd Nishabd (English: ""Speechless"") is a 2007 Indian drama film directed by Ram Gopal Varma, starring Amitabh Bachchan and Jiah Khan. The story of the film took inspiration from the 1999 American film ""American Beauty"" and the 1986 Indian film ""Anokha Rishta"". The film opens with young Ritu (Shradha Arya) bringing her friend Jia (Jiah Khan) to spend the holidays with her at her home in Kerala. Ritu's parents Vijay (Amitabh Bachchan) and Amrita (Revathi) have a beautiful home surrounded by picturesque surroundings. Vijay is a photographer and Amrita

Bachchan, Rani Mukerji and Kirron Kher. The film became one of the biggest box office hits in India, earning , and grossed over abroad, the biggest Bollywood success of all-time in the overseas market up until then. It was her fourth overseas top-earner in four consecutive years. The film tells the story of two unhappily married couples in New York, and an ensuing extramarital affair. Zinta played the role of Rhea Saran, an ambitious fashion magazine editor. She described the role as an attempt to shed her vivacious public image. ""The Indian Express"" concurred that this was successful: ""The lady

that had been delayed since 2002. The film garnered negative reviews and poor box office returns. Zinta's role was small, and was not well received. She next starred opposite Saif Ali Khan in Siddharth Anand's comedy-drama ""Salaam Namaste"". Produced by Yash Raj Films, it was the first Indian feature to be filmed entirely in Australia and went on to become the year's highest-grossing Bollywood production outside of India, earning internationally. The film tells the story of a contemporary cohabiting Indian couple and their subsequent struggle with an unexpected pregnancy. Zinta played the female protagonist Ambar Malhotra, a single modern young

"Surya vs Surya"
out of 5. Surya vs Surya Surya vs Surya is a 2015 Indian Telugu love story directed by debutant Karthik Ghattamaneni and produced by ""Malkapuram Shiva"" under Surakh Entertainments. It stars Nikhil Siddharth and Tridha Choudhury in the lead roles. The film was released on 5th March 2015. The film opened with positive responses. Its story line is quite similar to the 2006 Japanese movie ""Midnight Sun"". The film story revolves around a young man Surya (Nikhil Siddharth) who suffers with a heriditary disorder Porphyria, that prevents him from going outside during the day and enjoying the beauty of life

when did virgin australia (formerly virgin blue) commence flying in australia

"Virgin Australia"
Australian regulators on 24 July 2007. The plans were approved by US regulators on 15 February 2008, due to the signing of an open skies agreement between Australia and the US. Instead of using its existing brand, Virgin Blue launched a fully owned subsidiary with a separate Air Operator's Certificate, named V Australia as the result of a public naming competition, with a fleet of five specifically branded 777-300ERs. The airline launched flights between Sydney and Los Angeles in 2009, followed by flights from Melbourne and Brisbane since obtaining permission to operate an unlimited number of flights between Australia and

to compete with Qantas on Perth–Melbourne–Sydney services; and the concurrent introduction of business class in January 2012; together with a new livery and renaming of the brand to Virgin Australia. Virgin Australia was launched as Virgin Blue in August 2000, with two Boeing 737-400 aircraft, one of which was leased from then-sister airline Virgin Express. Initially offering seven return flights a day between Brisbane and Sydney, this has since been expanded to cover all major Australian cities and many holiday destinations. The Virgin Blue name was the result of an open competition; it was a play on the predominantly red

unchanged after the rollout of premium economy. Virgin Australia began long haul international operations as V Australia, commencing its first passenger flight operations on 27 February 2009. V Australia was re-branded as Virgin Australia's Long Haul International Operations on 7 December 2011. On 10 January 2011, Virgin Blue entered a 10-year strategic alliance with Perth-based Skywest Airlines (now Virgin Australia Regional Airlines), to operate up to 18 new Virgin-branded turboprop aircraft from mid-2011. On 23 February, it was announced that the aircraft would be ATR-72s, to enter service beginning in May 2011; they would allow Virgin Australia to both replace

Virgin Australia Virgin Australia Airlines is Australia's second-largest airline after Qantas and it is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. Based in Bowen Hills, Brisbane, the airline was co-founded by British businessman Richard Branson, the founder of Virgin Group and former CEO Brett Godfrey. It was established as Virgin Blue in November 1999 with two aircraft operating on a single route, and suddenly found itself catapulted to the position of Australia's second airline after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has grown to directly serve 29 cities in Australia from hubs

internet booking systems. It also cut costs in the past by limiting the number of airports serviced and by operating one type of aircraft, the Boeing 737. This strategy changed with the introduction of a second type into the fleet. The airline ordered 20 Embraer E-jets, in a mix of six E170s and 14 E190s. These were ordered specifically so that the airline could re-enter the Sydney–Canberra market that it abandoned in 2004, and to fly to less populous areas. The first E-170 arrived in Australia in September 2007 and by the end of the year the three on initial

order had been delivered. These were placed on limited-frequency services before full-scale operations were launched on 4 February 2008 with services from Sydney to Canberra (branded as 'Capital Jet' services), Mackay in Queensland, and the New South Wales regional centres of Port Macquarie and Albury, which were promoted with a one-cent fare. The flights to Canberra and the regional centres signified an effort to compete more directly with Qantas and its subsidiary QantasLink operation, which flies to all three cities, and with independent Regional Express Airlines. At its inception in 2000, Virgin Blue did not have interline or marketing alliances

from three seats in economy configuration to two seats for premium economy. The premium product offered priority check-in, larger baggage allowance, lounge access, priority boarding, increased legroom and all-inclusive in flight entertainment, meals and beverages on board. The product was aimed at business and corporate customers. The airline began charging economy-class passengers for checked baggage in September 2008. The airline further announced its intention to operate Airbus A330 aircraft between Perth and the East Coast, starting in May 2011. In December 2010, Virgin Blue entered into alliances with Etihad Airways and Air New Zealand for code-sharing, reciprocal lounge and frequent

the airline would be ready to move into the new head office by August of the following year. The current head office facility, Virgin Village, formally opened on 17 October 2008. In September 2003, Pacific Blue was set up to offer a low-cost service between New Zealand and Australia. Pacific Blue aimed to position itself as a low-cost competitor to Air New Zealand and Qantas on trans-Tasman routes. Pacific Blue also operated services on behalf of the Polynesian Blue joint-venture with the government of Samoa. Pacific Blue has since been rebranded under the Virgin Australia name and livery. In early

livery and the Australian slang tradition of calling a red-headed male 'Blue' or 'Bluey'. The timing of Virgin Blue's entry into the Australian market was fortunate as it was able to fill the vacuum created by the failure of Ansett Australia in September 2001. Ansett's failure allowed Virgin to grow rapidly to become Australia's second domestic carrier, rather than staying just a cut-price alternative to the established players. It also gave Virgin access to terminal space without which growth would have been significantly limited. Delays in negotiating access to the former Ansett terminal at Sydney Airport however, forced Virgin to

11 Embraer 190 and three Embraer 170 aircraft with options for six more E-jets, which later became orders for an additional three E170s and three E190s. In February 2008 a further four E190s were ordered, leaving six options and ten purchase rights. Virgin Blue received its first Embraer 170 in early September 2007 at a special ceremony at the Embraer plant in Sao Jose dos Campos. A revised logo was introduced on the tail, bringing the Virgin Blue brand into line with the logos of other Virgin-branded companies. Like Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Australia gives the aircraft in its fleet names,

the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. The origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States. The following example of the separation of powers and their mutual checks and balances for the experience of the United States Constitution is presented as illustrative of the general principles applied in similar forms of government as well.

powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. Strict separation of powers did not operate in the United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution. Some U.S. states did not

Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in ""The Spirit of the Laws"", in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of

commonly ascribed to French Enlightenment political philosopher Baron de Montesquieu, although he did not use such a term. In reality he referred to ""distribution"" of powers. In ""The Spirit of the Laws"" (1748), Montesquieu described the various forms of distribution of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Montesquieu's approach was to present and defend a form of government which was not excessively centralized in all its powers to a single monarch or similar ruler, form of government known then as ""aristocracy"". He based this model on the Constitution of the Roman Republic and the British constitutional

in England. So the form of government in the colonies was well known in the mother country, including to the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). He deduced from a study of the English constitutional system the advantages of dividing political power into the legislative (which should be distributed among several bodies, for example, the House of Lords and the House of Commons), on the one hand, and the executive and federative power, responsible for the protection of the country and prerogative of the monarch, on the other hand. (The Kingdom of England had no written constitution.) The term ""tripartite system"" is

rather than tripartite, systems as mentioned later in the article. Aristotle first mentioned the idea of a ""mixed government"" or hybrid government in his work ""Politics"" where he drew upon many of the constitutional forms in the city-states of Ancient Greece. In the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate, Consuls and the Assemblies showed an example of a mixed government according to Polybius (""Histories"", Book 6, 11–13). John Calvin (1509–1564) favoured a system of government that divided political power between democracy and aristocracy (mixed government). Calvin appreciated the advantages of democracy, stating: ""It is an invaluable gift if God allows a

people to elect its own government and magistrates."" In order to reduce the danger of misuse of political power, Calvin suggested setting up several political institutions which should complement and control each other in a system of checks and balances. In this way, Calvin and his followers resisted political absolutism and furthered the growth of democracy. Calvin aimed to protect the rights and the well-being of ordinary people. In 1620, a group of English separatist Congregationalists and Anglicans (later known as the Pilgrim Fathers) founded Plymouth Colony in North America. Enjoying self-rule, they established a bipartite democratic system of government.

Montesquieu
which (at February 2018) half have appeared. Montesquieu Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (; ; 18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He is also known for doing more than any other author to secure the place of the word ""despotism"" in the political lexicon. His anonymously published ""The Spirit of the Laws"" in 1748, which was

"Divide and rule"
inseparable. This proverb, Divide and rule, has been rejected, since the root and the summit of authority are confirmed by the consent of the subjects.] On the other hand, in a minor variation, Sir Francis Bacon wrote the phrase ""separa et impera"" in a letter to James I of 15 February 1615. James Madison made this recommendation in a letter to Thomas Jefferson of 24 October 1787, which summarized the thesis of ""The Federalist#10"": ""Divide et impera, the reprobated axiom of tyranny, is under certain (some) qualifications, the only policy, by which a republic can be administered on just principles.""

The ""freemen"" elected the General Court, which functioned as legislature and judiciary and which in turn elected a governor, who together with his seven ""assistants"" served in the functional role of providing executive power. Massachusetts Bay Colony (founded 1628), Rhode Island (1636), Connecticut (1636), New Jersey, and Pennsylvania had similar constitutions – they all separated political powers. (Except for Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony, these English outposts added religious freedom to their democratic systems, an important step towards the development of human rights.) Books like William Bradford's ""History of Plymoth Plantation"" (written between 1630 and 1651) were widely read

"Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)"
show for a mere $675,000 per episode, but agreed to commit to 66 episodes. When The WB network picked up the series after ABC canceled the series, local stations (usually WB or UPN affiliates, with a couple of ""Big 4"" network affiliates as well) also picked up the rights to air reruns of the series from September 2000 on a weekday basis after the broadcast syndication ended in summer 2006. For example, WPIX reran weeknights at 5:30pm EST, after reruns of ""The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air"". The series formerly aired reruns on ABC Family, Nick at Nite, The N, Hub

was set in the fictional Greendale, the TV show was set in fictional Boston suburb of Westbridge, Massachusetts. The Spellmans' house is located at 133 Collins Road. Ultimately, the show covered a span of seven years over seven seasons, though each season was ""not"" a year. The pilot episode opens with Sabrina asleep on her 16th birthday, levitating above her bed. In the morning, her aunts reveal to her that she is a witch, but Sabrina does not believe them until she has a magical talk with her father from inside a book, where her father reveals that he is

Network, and Logo TV. MTV2 also aired the show at one point. It currently airs reruns on Antenna TV. In the United Kingdom, ""Sabrina"" previously aired on ITV and Nickelodeon. It began airing on Pop Girl, a free-to-air children's channel, in July 2012, which currently broadcasts the first two seasons and the two subsequent movie. It was also broadcast on The Vault in 2014, during weekdays. The show can be seen in Ireland on RTÉ Two each weekday, 5:10–5:35 pm, as part of the youth oriented show TRTÉ. The entire series is currently (as of December 2018) available for streaming

completely new theme and the show's main characters, starting with Sabrina, floating in bubbles while their names are displayed in gold letters and a voice chants ""Secret"" in the background. The opening credits for the final three seasons are accompanied by a new vocal theme song and feature Sabrina at various locations around Boston: Harvard Bridge, Boston Common, Union Oyster House, Massachusetts State House, Quincy Market, Newbury Street, Harvard University, Tufts University, and Beacon Hill. In the credits of seasons five and six, after leaving Newbury Comics on Newbury Street, Sabrina walks down a flight of stairs and computer graphics

She lives with her 500-year-old aunts, witches Hilda (played by Caroline Rhea) and Zelda (played by Beth Broderick), and their magical talking cat, Salem (voiced by Nick Bakay), at 133 Collins Road, in the fictional Boston suburb of Westbridge, Massachusetts through most of the series. The series' first four seasons aired on ABC from September 27, 1996, to May 5, 2000; the final three seasons ran on The WB from September 22, 2000, to April 24, 2003. The unofficial pilot of the series was the 1996 TV movie ""Sabrina the Teenage Witch"" in April. The movie, produced by Viacom and

"Sabrina the Teenage Witch"
Melissa Joan Hart as Sabrina. The fictional home of the series was moved to Westbridge, Massachusetts. Her last name was changed back to Spellman, and her mother was stated to be mortal. The sitcom ran for seven seasons and included two television movies and one soundtrack release. On July 23, 2016, at San Diego Comic-Con, K.J. Apa, who portrays Archie Andrews in the darker, subversive live action take on Archie, confirmed that Sabrina will eventually appear in the CW series. Sabrina was originally slated to debut in the show's season one finale, but this was eventually decided against, as showrunner

only. Later it was syndicated through Paramount Domestic Television on reruns. Paramount Network Television absorbed Viacom Productions in 2004, and two years later, Paramount's TV operations were renamed to CBS Paramount Television (now CBS Television Studios), whose name is seen on the season 1, 2, and 3 DVDs. Then in 2007, the syndication arm was renamed from CBS Paramount Domestic Television to CBS Television Distribution, whose name is on the season 4, 5, 6, and 7 DVDs. The official copyright holder for the series (as with all series originally produced by Viacom Productions) is CBS Studios Productions, LLC. The opening

have also appeared in various other media formats. The live-action sitcom, in which Sabrina discovers her powers at the age of sixteen, aired for seven seasons on ABC and the WB. Earlier, there had been an animated series produced by Filmation Associates. Another format was a series of paperback novels (see list below) written by various authors, including Nancy Holder, Diana G. Gallagher, and Mel Odom, as well as a set in the original Archie Comics continuity, where Sabrina already knows about her powers while in junior high. Sabrina the Teenage Witch debuted in ""Archie's Madhouse"" (the logo sometimes given

was produced by Hub Network in 2013 called """". In this version, Sabrina (voiced by Ashley Tisdale) is a witch princess in training so that she can one day rule the other realm. Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series) Sabrina the Teenage Witch is an American sitcom based on the Archie Comics series of the same name. The show premiered on September 27, 1996, on ABC to over 17 million viewers in its ""T.G.I.F."" line-up. The show stars Melissa Joan Hart as Sabrina Spellman, an American teenager who, on her sixteenth birthday, discovers she has magical powers (a departure

episode ""As Westbridge Turns"". In the last scene of the series, Sabrina and Harvey ride off on his motorcycle to the song ‘Running’ by No Doubt, Sabrina’s favorite band. During its four-year run on ABC, ""Sabrina"" was the highest-rated series among the network's TGIF line-up. In the 2000–2001 season, the show moved to The WB after a negotiation dispute with ABC. While ABC was willing to renew the show for a fifth season, the network was not willing to pay the reported $1.5 million per episode that Viacom Productions, which produced the show, wanted. The WB then picked up the

Online (AOL) and Prodigy that also provided communications, content, and entertainment features. Many bulletin board system (BBS) networks also provided on-line access, such as FidoNet which was popular amongst hobbyist computer users, many of them hackers and amateur radio operators. In 1979, two students at Duke University, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, originated the idea of using Bourne shell scripts to transfer news and messages on a serial line UUCP connection with nearby University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Following public release of the software in 1980, the mesh of UUCP hosts forwarding on the Usenet news rapidly expanded.

as PHP, modern Javascript and Java, technologies such as AJAX, HTML 4 (and its emphasis on CSS), and various software frameworks, which enabled and simplified speed of web development, largely awaited invention and their eventual widespread adoption. The Internet was widely used for mailing lists, emails, e-commerce and early popular online shopping (Amazon and eBay for example), online forums and bulletin boards, and personal websites and blogs, and use was growing rapidly, but by more modern standards the systems used were static and lacked widespread social engagement. It awaited a number of events in the early 2000s to change from

developed through Ted Nelson's research on Project Xanadu and Douglas Engelbart's research on NLS. Many small self-contained hypertext systems had been created before, such as Apple Computer's HyperCard (1987). Gopher became the first commonly used hypertext interface to the Internet. While Gopher menu items were examples of hypertext, they were not commonly perceived in that way. In 1989, while working at CERN, Tim Berners-Lee invented a network-based implementation of the hypertext concept. By releasing his invention to public use, he ensured the technology would become widespread. For his work in developing the World Wide Web, Berners-Lee received the Millennium technology

Institute (SRI). Packet switching networks such as the NPL network, ARPANET, Tymnet, Merit Network, CYCLADES, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of communications protocols. Donald Davies first demonstrated packet switching in 1967 at the National Physics Laboratory (NPL) in the UK, which became a testbed for UK research for almost two decades. The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks. The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was developed by Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf in the

kind of communication. The Telegraph in the late 19th century was the first fully digital communication system. Fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory was developed by Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley in the early 20th century. Early computers had a central processing unit and remote terminals. As the technology evolved, new systems were devised to allow communication over longer distances (for terminals) or with higher speed (for interconnection of local devices) that were necessary for the mainframe computer model. These technologies made it possible to exchange data (such as files) between remote computers. However, the

the telecommunicated information by 2007. Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking. However, the future of the global internet may be shaped by regional differences in the world. The concept of data communication – transmitting data between two different places through an electromagnetic medium such as radio or an electric wire – pre-dates the introduction of the first computers. Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices. Semaphore lines, telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this

invented by Mark P. McCahill offered a viable alternative to the World Wide Web. However, in 1993 the World Wide Web saw many advances to indexing and ease of access through search engines, which often neglected Gopher and Gopherspace. As popularity increased through ease of use, investment incentives also grew until in the middle of 1994 the WWW's popularity gained the upper hand. Then it became clear that Gopher and the other projects were doomed fall short. One of the most promising user interface paradigms during this period was hypertext. The technology had been inspired by Vannevar Bush's ""Memex"" and

"UEFA European Championship"
tournament in 1964, which saw an increase in entries to the qualification tournament, with 29 entering; West Germany was a notable absentee once again and Greece withdrew after being drawn against Albania, with whom they were still at war. The hosts beat the title holders, the Soviet Union, 2–1 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. The tournament format stayed the same for the 1968 tournament, hosted and won by Italy. For the first and only time a match was decided on a coin toss (the semi-final Italy vs. Soviet Union) and the final went to a replay, after the

not until 1958 that the tournament was started, three years after Delaunay's death. In honour of Delaunay, the trophy awarded to the champions is named after him. The 1960 tournament, held in France, had four teams competing in the finals out of 17 that entered the competition. It was won by the Soviet Union, beating Yugoslavia 2–1 in a tense final in Paris. Spain withdrew from its quarter-final match against the USSR because of two political protests. Of the 17 teams that entered the qualifying tournament, notable absentees were England, the Netherlands, West Germany and Italy. Spain held the next

"European Cup and UEFA Champions League history"
period is well remembered in Italy with many at the time expecting the club to match the domination of Real throughout the decade. Real Madrid, who defeated Inter in the 1966 semi-final, went to win a sixth European Cup with victory against FK Partizan in the Heysel Stadium, Brussels, of the great 1950s side, only Francisco Gento played in all six winning teams, with this Real Madrid being composed solely of Spanish players – a major contrast to the multicultural teams of five years before. In 1967, Celtic became the first British team to win the competition, coming back from

major tournament to have the players' names printed on their backs. England hosted UEFA Euro 1996, the first tournament to use the nomenclature ""Euro [year]"" and would see the number of teams taking part double to 16. The hosts, in a replay of the 1990 FIFA World Cup semi-final, were knocked out on penalties by Germany, who would go on to win in the Final 2–1 against the newly formed Czech Republic thanks to the first golden goal ever in a major tournament, scored by Oliver Bierhoff. This was Germany's first title as a unified nation. UEFA Euro 2000 was

the first edition where the new trophy was awarded. It commenced on 7 June and finished on 29 June. The Final between Germany and Spain was held at the Ernst Happel Stadion in Vienna. Spain defeated Germany 1–0, with a goal scored by Fernando Torres in the 33rd minute, sparking much celebration across the country. This was their first title since the 1964 tournament. Spain were the highest scoring team with 12 goals scored and David Villa finished as the top scorer with four goals. Xavi was awarded the player of the tournament, and nine Spanish players were picked for

Stade de Reims of France, who reached two finals and several Italian clubs such as Milan and Fiorentina. Hibernian were the first British club to play in the European Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the inaugural tournament in 1955. The English league winners, Chelsea, were denied entry by the Football League's secretary Alan Hardaker, who believed it was in the best interests of English football and football in general for them not to enter. This era culminated in the famous 1960 European Cup Final, at Hampden Park, Glasgow, Scotland, where Real Madrid obliterated Eintracht Frankfurt of West Germany 7–3 in

in the opening game) with a goal scored by Angelos Charisteas in the 57th minute to win a tournament that they had been given odds of 150–1 to win before it began (being the second least likely team to have any success after Latvia). On their way to the Final, they also beat holders France as well as the Czech Republic with a silver goal, a rule which replaced the previous golden goal in 2003, before being abolished itself shortly after this tournament. The 2008 tournament, hosted by Austria and Switzerland, marked the second time that two nations co-hosted and

match against Yugoslavia finished 1–1. Italy won the replay 2–0. More teams entered this tournament (31), a testament to its burgeoning popularity. Belgium hosted the 1972 tournament, which West Germany won, beating the USSR 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. This tournament would provide a taste of things to come, as the German side contained many of the key members of the 1974 FIFA World Cup Champions. The 1976 tournament in Yugoslavia was the last in which only four teams took part in the final tournament,

"England at the UEFA European Championship"
England at the UEFA European Championship This is a record of England's results at the UEFA European Championship. The European Championship is one of the major competitive international football tournaments, first played in 1960. The finals stage of the tournament takes place every four years, with a qualifying competition beforehand. The 15th staging of the finals took place in France in 2016. The England national football team first attempted to qualify for the finals of the tournament in 1964, having declined to enter in 1960. They successfully qualified for the first time in 1968, and has since participated in the

"England at the FIFA World Cup"
held in Italy, scoring ten goals and conceding none. England were unbeaten through qualification, winning three games, and drawing the remaining three, but still finished second to Sweden, whom they drew with twice. England profited from Romania's 3–1 win over Denmark, who, had they won, would have qualified as the third-best second-placed team. West Germany and England were able to qualify for Italia '90 as the best second-placed teams in the groups with four teams. Because a few years previously saw English hooligans at European competition matches, England were forced to play their group games on Sardinia and Sicily. In

"International Day of Yoga"
known as Guru Poornima. Shiva, the first yogi (Adi Yogi), is said to have begun imparting the knowledge of yoga to the rest of mankind on this day, and became the first guru (Adi Guru). Dakshinayana is also considered a time when there is natural support for those pursuing spiritual practices. Following the adoption of the UN resolution, several leaders of the spiritual movement in India voiced their support for the initiative. The founder of Isha Foundation, Sadhguru, stated, ""this could be a kind of a foundation stone to make scientific approach to the inner well-being of the human being,

Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted ""Azad"" (""Free"") as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education

"House of Representatives (Nigeria)"
House of Representatives (Nigeria) The House of Representatives is the lower house of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house. The current House of Representatives, formed following elections held in April 2015, has a total of 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority (or first-past-the-post) system. Members serve four-year terms. The Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the house. A group of 37 House members of Nigeria’s ruling party, the All Progressives Congress have defected to opposition parties underscoring rising political tensions due to the upcoming

election in 2019. 33 members defected to the major opposition party, People's Democratic Party, while four defected to African Democratic Congress, ADC. Party leaders and whips are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the APC holding a majority of seats and the PDP holding a minority, the current leaders in the 8th National Assembly are: Majority Leader Femi Gbajabiamila, Chief Whip Ado Garba Alhassan, Minority Leader Ogor Okuweh, and Minority Whip Umar Barde Yakubu. House of Representatives (Nigeria) The House of Representatives is the lower house of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate

"House of Representatives of Liberia"
of two seats. Article 80(d) of the Constitution states, ""Each constituency shall have an approximately equal population of 20,000, or such number of citizens as the legislature shall prescribe in keeping with population growth."" Furthermore, the Constitution limits the number of House seats that the Legislature may create to 100. Currently, the number of seats is set at 73, averaging approximately 55,000 citizens per seat. The National Elections Commission is responsible for reapportioning the seats among the counties following the conclusion of the national census every ten years. Under Article 80(e) of the Constitution, the National Elections Commission is also

"Senate of Nigeria"
Senate of Nigeria The Senate is the upper house of the Nigeria's bicameral legislature, the National Assembly of Nigeria. The National Assembly (popularly referred to as NASS) is the nation's highest legislature, whose power to make laws is summarized in chapter one, section four of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. It consists of 109 senators: the 36 states are each divided in 3 senatorial districts each electing one senator; the Federal Capital Territory elects only one senator. The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate, whose chief function is to guide and regulate the proceedings in the

"Elections in Nigeria"
Elections in Nigeria Elections in Nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the Nigerian federal government and the various states in Nigeria. Nigeria elects on the federal level a head of state (the President of Nigeria) and a legislature (the National Assembly). The president is elected by the people. The National Assembly has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 360 members, elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies. The Senate has 109 members, elected for a four-year term: each of the 36 states are divided into 3 senatorial districts, each of which is represented by one senator; the

"National Assembly (Nigeria)"
National Assembly (Nigeria) The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate with 109 membersand a 360-memberHouse of Representatives The body, modelled after the federal Congress of the United States, is supposed to guarantee equal representation of the 36 states irrespective of size in the Senate and proportional representation of population in the House. The National Assembly, like many other organs of the Nigerian government, is based in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The Senate is chaired by the President of the Nigerian

"Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria"
Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Federal House of Representatives of Nigeria. Yakubu Dogara, the current speaker, was elected on June 9, 2015. Sir Frederic Metcalfe of Great Britain became Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria in 1955. He was replaced by the first indigenous speaker, Jaja Wachuku, in 1959. As Speaker of the House, Wachuku received Nigeria's Instrument of Independence, also known as Freedom Charter, on October 1, 1960, from Princess Alexandra of Kent (Alexandra was Elizabeth II's representative at the Nigerian

"Federal government of Nigeria"
four-year terms in single-seat constituencies. The Senate, which has 109 members, is presided over by the President of the Senate. 108 members are elected for four-year terms in 36 three-seat constituencies, which correspond to the country's 36 states. One member is selected in the single-seat constituency of the federal capital. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Court of Appeals, the High Courts, and other trial courts such as the Magistrates', Customary, Sharia and other ""specialised"" courts. The National Judicial Council serves as an independent executive body, insulating the judiciary from the executive arm of government.

"House of Commons of the United Kingdom"
to parliamentary approval, but may not be amended. After the next general review of constituencies, the Boundary Commissions will be absorbed into the Electoral Commission, which was established in 2000. As of 2017, the United Kingdom is divided into 650 constituencies, with 533 in England, 40 in Wales, 59 in Scotland, and 18 in Northern Ireland. General elections occur whenever Parliament is dissolved. The timing of the dissolution was normally chosen by the Prime Minister (see relationship with the Government above); however, as a result of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, Parliamentary terms are now fixed at five years, except

"Lagos State House of Assembly"
Lagos State House of Assembly The Lagos State House of Assembly is the state legislature of Lagos State. It is situated right inside Lagos State Government secretariat at Alausa in Ikeja central business district. The House of Assembly is currently under the All Progressives Congress which is the current party ruling Lagos State. There have been seven different house of assemblies the very first one was inaugurated 2 October 1979 and the present one was inaugurated 6 June 2011. There are forty members of the House of Assembly, two represent one of the twenty various local government areas in Lagos.

which type of fire detector uses the effect of smoke on a light source and photo-electric cell

"Smoke detector"
radiation. Some European countries, including France, and some US states and municipalities have banned the use of domestic ionic smoke alarms because of concerns that they are not reliable enough as compared to other technologies. Where an ionizing smoke detector has been the only detector, fires in the early stages have not always been effectively detected. A photoelectric, or optical smoke detector contains a source of infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light (typically an incandescent light bulb or light-emitting diode), a lens, and a photoelectric receiver (typically a photodiode). In spot-type detectors all of these components are arranged inside a chamber

particulates of smoke, air-borne dust, or other substances; the circuitry detects the light intensity and generates the alarm if it is below a specified threshold, potentially due to smoke. In other types, typically chamber types, the light is not directed at the sensor, which is not illuminated in the absence of particles. If the air in the chamber contains particles (smoke or dust), the light is scattered and some of it reaches the sensor, triggering the alarm. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), ""photoelectric smoke detection is generally more responsive to fires that begin with a long period

encasing the detector. The 10-year-lithium-battery-powered smoke alarm was introduced in 1995. The photoelectric (optical) smoke detector was invented by Donald Steele and Robert Emmark of Electro Signal Lab and patented in 1972. An ionization smoke detector uses a radioisotope, typically americium-241, to ionize air; a difference due to smoke is detected and an alarm is generated. Ionization detectors are more sensitive to the flaming stage of fires than optical detectors, while optical detectors are more sensitive to fires in the early smouldering stage. The smoke detector has two ionization chambers, one open to the air, and a reference chamber which

"Flame detector"
tracing defects in high voltage equipment and fire detection over high distances. In some detectors, a sensor for visible radiation (light) is added to the design. Closed-circuit television or a web camera can be used for visual detection of (wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 µm). Smoke or fog can limit the effective range of these, since they operate solely in the visible spectrum. The intense ionization within the body of a flame can be measured by means by the phenomena of Flame Rectification whereby an AC current flows more easily in one direction when a voltage is applied. This current

and more accurately than a smoke or heat detector due to the mechanisms it uses to detect the flame. Ultraviolet (UV) detectors work by detecting the UV radiation emitted at the instant of ignition. While capable of detecting fires and explosions within 3–4 milliseconds, a time delay of 2–3 seconds is often included to minimize false alarms which can be triggered by other UV sources such as lightning, arc welding, radiation, and sunlight. UV detectors typically operate with wavelengths shorter than 300 nm to minimize the effects of natural background radiation. The solar blind UV wavelength band is also easily

of fires better: hydrogen, methanol, ether or sulphur. It looks like a static picture, but in reality the energy fluctuates, or flickers. This flickering is caused by the fact that the aspirated oxygen and the present combustible are burning and concurrently aspirate new oxygen and new combustible material. These little explosions cause the flickering of the flame. The sun emits an enormous amount of energy, which would be harmful to human beings if not for the vapours and gases in the atmosphere, like water (clouds), ozone, and others, through which the sunlight is filtered. In the figure it can clearly

direct sunlight. A special frequency range is 4.3 to 4.4 µm. This is a resonance frequency of CO. During burning of a hydrocarbon (for example, wood or fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas) much heat and CO is released. The hot CO emits much energy at its resonance frequency of 4.3 µm. This causes a peak in the total radiation emission and can be well detected. Moreover, the ""cold"" CO in the air is taking care that the sunlight and other IR radiation is filtered. This makes the sensor in this frequency ""solar blind""; however, sensitivity is reduced

of the flame at a particular instant. Digital image processing can be utilized to recognize flames through analysis of the video created from the near IR images. Infrared (IR) or wideband infrared (1.1 µm and higher) flame detectors monitor the infrared spectral band for specific patterns given off by hot gases. These are sensed using a specialized fire-fighting thermal imaging camera (TIC), a type of thermographic camera. False alarms can be caused by other hot surfaces and background thermal radiation in the area. Water on the detector's lens will greatly reduce the accuracy of the detector, as will exposure to

Protection Association reports 0.53 deaths per 100 fires in homes with working smoke alarms compared to 1.18 deaths in homes without (2009–2013). Some homes do not have any smoke alarms, some alarms do not have working batteries; sometimes the alarm fails to detect the fire. The first automatic electric fire alarm was patented in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton, an associate of Thomas Edison. George Andrew Darby patented the first European electrical heat detector in 1902 in Birmingham, England. In the late 1930s Swiss physicist Walter Jaeger tried to invent a sensor for poison gas. He expected that gas entering

light energy is emitted, as compared to the emission of Infrared radiation. A non-hydrocarbon fire, for example, one from hydrogen, does not show a CO peak on 4.3 µm because during the burning of hydrogen no CO is released. The 4.3 µm CO peak in the picture is exaggerated, and is in reality less than 2% of the total energy of the fire. A multi-frequency-detector with sensors for UV, visible light, near IR and/or wideband IR thus have much more ""sensor data"" to calculate with and therefore are able to detect more types of fires and to detect these types

by the Senate a few days later, Stanton died on Dec 24, prior to receiving his commission. He is not, therefore, considered to have been an actual member of the court. Before 1981, the approval process of justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however, the process has taken much longer. Some believe this is because Congress sees justices as playing a more political role than in the past. According to the Congressional Research Service, the average number of days from nomination to

confirmation vote occurs, typically because it is clear that the Senate will reject the nominee; this occurred most recently with President George W. Bush's nomination of Harriet Miers in 2006. The Senate may also fail to act on a nomination, which expires at the end of the session. For example, President Dwight Eisenhower's first nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in November 1954 was not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, as previously noted, the Senate failed to act on the March 2016 nomination of Merrick

considers it. Rejections are relatively uncommon; the Senate has explicitly rejected twelve Supreme Court nominees, most recently Robert Bork, nominated by President Ronald Reagan in 1987. Although Senate rules do not necessarily allow a negative vote in committee to block a nomination, prior to 2017 a nomination could be blocked by filibuster once debate had begun in the full Senate. President Lyndon B. Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's

not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, the Senate failed to act on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland in March 2016 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Antonin Scalia; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Donald J. Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch. Before 1981 the approval process of Justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, Justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however,

"Nuclear option"
to stave off the ""nuclear option"" reached by 14 moderate Senators supports a strong interpretation of ""Advice and Consent"" from the Constitution: Some fear that removing the 60-vote rule for judicial nominations would allow the courts to be ""packed"" by a party that controls the other two branches of the government. As of November 2013, Republican presidents have appointed five of the nine justices on the Supreme Court and all four of the chief justices since the Truman administration. In 1937, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a Democrat, sought to alter the court through the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 (a.k.a. ""the

elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice. The U.S. Constitution states that the President ""shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Judges of the Supreme Court."" Most presidents nominate candidates who broadly share their ideological views, although a justice's decisions may end up being contrary to a president's expectations. Because the Constitution sets no qualifications for service as a justice, a president may nominate anyone to serve, subject to Senate confirmation. In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from the press and advocacy groups, which lobby senators to confirm

than require the President to nominate someone who will get broad support in the Senate, the nuclear option would allow Judges to not only be ""nominated to the Court by a Republican president, but also be confirmed by only Republican Senators in party-line votes."" Of the 9 U.S. Supreme Court Justices seated as of May 2005, 6 were confirmed with the support of 90 or more Senators, 2 were confirmed with at least the support of 60 senators, and only 1 (Thomas) was confirmed with the support of fewer than 60 Senators, however, since John G. Roberts was confirmed, no

President to formally appoint the candidate to the court. Senate cloture rules historically required a two-thirds affirmative vote to advance nominations to a vote; this was changed to a three-fifths supermajority in 1975. In November 2013, the then-Democratic Senate majority eliminated the filibuster for executive branch nominees and judicial nominees ""except"" for Supreme Court nominees by invoking the so-called nuclear option. In April 2017, the Republican Senate majority applied the nuclear option to Supreme Court nominations as well, enabling the nominations of Trump nominees Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh to proceed to a vote. Article Two of the United States

2005 term) were decided unanimously (9–0 or 8–0), and 16 decisions were made by a 5–4 vote (about 20%, compared to 18% in the October 2009 term, and 29% in the October 2008 term). However, in fourteen of the sixteen 5–4 decisions, the Court divided along the traditional ideological lines (with Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan on the liberal side, and Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito on the conservative, and Kennedy providing the ""swing vote""). This represents 87% of those 16 cases, the highest rate in the past 10 years. The conservative bloc, joined by Kennedy, formed the majority in

"Gates of Paradise"
with the exception of Drake Casteel. Having grown up in Winnerow, Annie had been raised by her loving parents and was surrounded by her extended family: Drake who she looked at more like a brother, Fanny her loud country aunt, and her half-brother Luke, who is her best friend. She and Luke also seem to be romantically interested in each other, but they sadly push those feelings down as they are half-siblings. After having a fight coming home from Aunt Fanny's 40th birthday party, Heaven and Logan get into a car accident which leaves them dead and Annie a crippled

has pinpointed it exactly and sadly gives up on Drake. Annie and Luke are still in love with each other but know they cannot be together. Soon after, Tony dies and Luke and Annie travel back to Farthy to attend the funeral. Troy is there (much to everyone's shock, for they all thought he was dead), and he astutely notices how Annie and Luke are fighting against their true feelings for each other. After the funeral Troy invites Luke and Annie back to the cottage for some food and conversation. He then tells Annie how he and Heaven were engaged,

after Tony has a ramp and electric wheel chair installed onto the banister but insists Annie waits until later on to try it out. Annie, stifled from not being able to practice walking (a recently acquired strength) and feeling rebellious, ventures downstairs then outside to make a call to Luke for him to come see her and explore the grounds. As she wheels herself about, she stumbles upon the overrun English maze and stares at it for a while until she is approached by the mysterious man at her mother's grave. He says his name is Timothy Brothers and he

"The Gate of Angels"
the name of Daisy Saunders. Both are knocked unconscious, and are taken in by the wife of Professor Wrayburn who lives nearby. Noting that the young woman wears a wedding ring, she incorrectly assumes that the pair are husband and wife and she puts them into the same bed to recover. On coming round, Fred immediately falls in love with Daisy, but she leaves without giving an address and he has no way of locating her. Daisy is in fact an impoverished young woman from South London, who has been working towards a nursing position at Blackfriars Hospital. She is

and had not wanted to confront his father, Bishop Knox, for fear of hurting his father's feelings. At Cambridge, he had been a member of ""The As It Were In Contradistinction Society"". Dillwyn had been a student and Fellow at King's, whose Provost at the time, M. R. James, was a medievalist, palaeographer, and author of ghost stories. As further background, Fitzgerald reread C. P. Snow ""The Two Cultures"". The central event of the book, the bicycle crash of mutual strangers Fred and Daisy, who wake up after the accident in the same bed, is based on an incident reported

"Heaven's Gate (film)"
Averill is passing through the booming town of Casper, Wyoming, on his way north to Johnson County, where he is now a marshal. Poor European immigrants new to the region are in conflict with wealthy, established cattle barons organized as the Wyoming Stock Growers Association; the newcomers sometimes steal their cattle for food. Nate Champion – a friend of Averill and an enforcer for the stockmen – kills a settler for suspected rustling and dissuades another from stealing a cow. At a board meeting, the head of the Association, Frank Canton, tells members, including a drunk Irvine, of plans to

Heaven
Heaven Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live. According to the beliefs of some religions, heavenly beings can descend to earth or incarnate, and earthly beings can ascend to heaven in the afterlife, or in exceptional cases enter heaven alive. Heaven is often described as a ""higher place"", the holiest place, a Paradise, in contrast to hell or the Underworld or the ""low places"", and universally or conditionally accessible by earthly beings according to various standards

"Gates to Paradise"
children's confessions, gradually realizing that most of them are taking part not for religious, but for more worldly reasons, like rejected love. Both Alexander (Mathieu Carrière) and Bianca (Pauline Challoner) are in love with Jakob. Alexander, who has learned that his adoptive father (and his lover), Count Ludwig (Ferdy Mayne), also a crusader, had killed Alexander's Greek parents, is gleeful that Jakob himself is in love with the Count, whom he had met after the Count and Alexander had split after an argument. This allows Alexander to take revenge for the Count's infidelity by telling his beloved Jakob about the

long history. She hears a cry, goes in and helps the blind master of the college who has fainted. The incident has taken only five minutes - a delay just long enough for her to run into Fred, who is returning from a physics lecture. The original inspiration for the novel had been Fitzgerald's seeing, on a bus ride to Cambridge, cows in ecstasy over willow branches broken off by strong winds, which she viewed as an instance of reason giving way to imagination. Fitzgerald's uncle, Dillwyn Knox, a classics scholar, had a loss of faith in his younger years

single but wears a wedding ring to fend off unwanted male attention. At the time of the accident she was cycling with Thomas Kelly, a seedy journalist, who quickly made himself scarce. While Fred is recuperating in a nursing home, Daisy returns to Cambridge and gets a job at the local asylum. She visits Mrs Wrayburn, quickly realises that the household chores are a burden to her, and offers to take them over in return for lodging. As soon as Fred learns of her return, he proposes marriage. Daisy says that she will consider it. The driver of the farmer's

Meitnerium
Meitnerium Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature, but can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds, although the unconfirmed meitnerium-282 may have a longer half-life of 67 seconds. The GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany, first created this element in 1982. It is named after Lise Meitner. In the periodic table, meitnerium is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and

Roentgenium
""111"". The name ""roentgenium"" (Rg) was suggested by the GSI team in 2004, to honor the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the discoverer of X-rays. This name was accepted by IUPAC on November 1, 2004. Roentgenium has no stable or naturally occurring isotopes. Several radioactive isotopes have been synthesized in the laboratory, either by fusion of the nuclei of lighter elements or as intermediate decay products of heavier elements. Nine different isotopes of roentgenium have been reported with atomic masses 272, 274, 278–283, and 286 (283 and 286 unconfirmed), two of which, roentgenium-272 and roentgenium-274, have known but unconfirmed metastable

"Period 5 element"
Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: ""Niobe"", daughter of ""Tantalus"". Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element tantalum, and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The English chemistCharles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801, and named it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and

Tennessine
organic chemistry were rejected, following existing symbols bearing such dual meanings: Ac (actinium and acetyl) and Pr (praseodymium and propyl). The naming ceremony for moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson was held in March 2017 at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow; a separate ceremony for tennessine alone had been held at ORNL in January 2017. The stability of nuclei quickly decreases with the increase in atomic number after curium, element 96, whose half-life is four orders of magnitude longer than that of any subsequent element. All isotopes with an atomic number above 101 undergo radioactive decay with half-lives of less

Flerovium
a gas at standard conditions. The longer-lived flerovium isotope Fl has been considered of interest for future radiochemical studies. Flerovium Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998. The name of the laboratory, in turn, honours the Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov ( in Cyrillic, hence the transliteration of ""yo"" to ""e""). The name was adopted by IUPAC on 30

"Chemical element"
remaining naturally occurring chemical elements were identified and characterized by 1900, including: Elements isolated or produced since 1900 include: The first transuranium element (element with atomic number greater than 92) discovered was neptunium in 1940. Since 1999 claims for the discovery of new elements have been considered by the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party. As of January 2016, all 118 elements have been confirmed as discovered by IUPAC. The discovery of element 112 was acknowledged in 2009, and the name ""copernicium"" and the atomic symbol ""Cn"" were suggested for it. The name and symbol were officially endorsed by IUPAC on 19

"Group 9 element"
Rhodium, iridium, and meitnerium have no known biological roles. Group 9 element Group 9, numbered by IUPAC nomenclature, is a group of chemical element in the periodic table. Members are cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized meitnerium (Mt). These are all transition metals in the d-block. All known isotopes of meitnerium are radioactive with short half-lives, and it is not known to occur in nature; only minute quantities have been synthesized in laboratories. Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends

Group 9 element Group 9, numbered by IUPAC nomenclature, is a group of chemical element in the periodic table. Members are cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized meitnerium (Mt). These are all transition metals in the d-block. All known isotopes of meitnerium are radioactive with short half-lives, and it is not known to occur in nature; only minute quantities have been synthesized in laboratories. Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior; however, rhodium deviates from the pattern.

it is relatively easy to predict the chemical properties of an element if one knows the properties of the elements around it. , the periodic table has 118 confirmed elements, from element 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson). Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118, the most recent discoveries, were officially confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in December 2015. Their proposed names, nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts) and oganesson (Og) respectively, were announced by the IUPAC in June 2016 and made official in November 2016. The first 94 elements occur naturally; the remaining 24, americium

Californium
Californium Californium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first synthesized in 1950 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). The element was named after the university and the state of California. Two crystalline forms exist for californium under normal

"Beauty and the Beast"
at universities in Durham and Lisbon, the story originated around 4,000 years ago. A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children (three sons and three daughters). All his daughters are very beautiful, but the youngest, Beauty, is the most lovely, as well as kind, well-read, and pure of heart; while the two elder sisters, in contrast, are cruel, selfish, vain, and spoiled. The merchant eventually loses all of his wealth in a tempest at sea, which sinks most of his merchant fleet. He and his children are consequently forced to live in a small farmhouse and work

the rose and warns the prince that the curse will only be broken if he learns to love another, and earn their love in return, before the last petal falls. Some years later, at Villeneuve, Belle, the book-loving daughter of a music box maker and artist, Maurice, dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston, an arrogant former soldier. On his way to a convention and lost in the forest, Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle warming himself near the fire then being scared away by Chip after having some food, but the Beast imprisons him for stealing

""Beauty and the Beast"" set in 19th-century France. At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, ""Beauty and the Beast"" became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film. Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch.

"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)"
song ""A Change in Me"" was kept in the production after being written for Toni Braxton during her stint as Belle. The Beauty and the Beast universe encompasses two main locations: a French village and a castle, which are linked by woods. As the three spin-off films all take place within the time period of the original film, the plot of the ""Beauty and the Beast"" franchise is encompassed in the original 1991 film, which the other films serving to give added insight to certain parts of the story that were skimmed over (such as when Belle is living in

starring role in a film, and part of her attempt to transition from television to film. Drescher chose Todd Graff to write the screenplay because of his familiarity with her style of humor. She pitched and sold the project to transition her career from television to film. Filming took place in Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, California, and Sychrov Castle in the Czech Republic. Kwapis consulted with dialect coach Francie Brown to create the fictional language Slovetzian for the movie. Cliff Eidelman composed the soundtrack which features the London Metropolitan Orchestra. ""The Beautician and the Beast"" received primarily negative reviews

of the merchant's dead daughter to protect her. Villeneuve also gave the castle elaborate magic, which obscured the more vital pieces of it. Beaumont greatly pared down the cast of characters and simplified the tale to an almost archetypal simplicity. Tatar (2017) compares the tale to the theme of ""animal brides and grooms"" found in folklore throughout the world, pointing out that the French tale was specifically intended for the preparation of young girls in 18th century France for arranged marriages. The urban opening is unusual in fairy tales, as is the social class of the characters, neither royal nor

peasants; it may reflect the social changes occurring at the time of its first writing. Hamburger (2015) points out that the design of the Beast in the 1946 film adaptation by Jean Cocteau was inspired by the portrait of Petrus Gonsalvus, a native of Tenerife who suffered from hypertrichosis, causing an abnormal growth of hair on his face and other parts, and who came under the protection of the French king and married a beautiful Parisian woman named Catherine. The tale has been notably adapted for screen, stage, prose, and television over the years. Beauty and the Beast Beauty and

"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)"
your heart"". A wealthy merchant lives an affluent life with his two sons, Oliver and Frederick, and three daughters, Bettina, Isabella and Beauty. Beauty, the youngest daughter, is the caretaker of her family; without her, none of the family can look after themselves, and she is constantly taking care of her siblings. Despite this, Beauty is not frustrated, but she wonders what she would do with her life if she did not devote it to her family. After the merchant loses his wealth in a storm at sea, the family must renounce their luxurious life and move to the countryside,

"In the Beauty of the Lilies"
an even wider swath of history [than his Rabbit Tetralogy]. In charting the fortunes of an American family through some 80 years, the author showed how dreams, habits and predilections are handed down generation to generation, parent to child, even as he created a kaleidoscopic portrait of this country from its nervous entry into the 20th century to its stumbling approach to the millennium."" The first section, set mainly in Paterson, New Jersey, is centered on Clarence Wilmot, a minister in his forties who abruptly loses his faith one very hot afternoon shortly before a dinner party. His loss of

"Nebraska Democratic Party"
Nebraska Democratic Party The Nebraska Democratic Party (NDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Nebraska. As of 2017, the party holds none of Nebraska's statewide offices or any of the state's Congressional seats. Democrats dominated Nebraska until 1860. In 1890, Democrat William Jennings Bryan ran for President three times but lost every time. The state has elected more Democrats to the governor seat and into Congress. Nebraska passed a referendum in 1937 which gave it the country's only unicameral legislature known as the Nebraska Unicameral. It is a nonpartisan single-house system. Nevertheless, despite the lack

Nebraska
since 1940: the 1964 landslide election of Lyndon B. Johnson. In the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush won the state's five electoral votes by a margin of 33 percentage points (making Nebraska's the fourth-strongest Republican vote among states) with 65.9% of the overall vote; only Thurston County, which is majority-Native American, voted for his Democratic challenger John Kerry. In 2008, the state split its electoral votes for the first time: Republican John McCain won the popular vote in Nebraska as a whole and two of its three congressional districts; the second district, which includes the city of Omaha, went

"History of Nebraska"
The political leader of the state's progressive movement was George W. Norris (1861 – 1944). He served five terms in the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from 1903 until 1913 and five terms in the U.S. Senate from 1913 until 1943, four terms as a Republican and the final term as an independent. In the 1930s he supported President Franklin Roosevelt, a Democrat, and the New Deal. Norris was defeated for reelection in 1942. Since 1870 the average size of farms has steadily increased, whereas number of farms rapidly increased until about 1900, remained stable until about 1930,

Nebraska
for Democrat Barack Obama. Despite the current Republican domination of Nebraska politics, the state has a long tradition of electing centrist members of both parties to state and federal office; examples include George W. Norris (who served a few years in the Senate as an independent), J. James Exon, Bob Kerrey, and Chuck Hagel. Voters have tilted to the right in recent years, a trend evidenced when Hagel retired from the Senate in 2008 and was succeeded by conservative Republican Mike Johanns to the U.S. Senate, as well as with the 2006 re-election of Ben Nelson, who was considered the

"Nebraska Republican Party"
have controlled the state legislature for several decades. In December 2009, the party organized a nationwide effort to unseat Democratic Senator Ben Nelson in 2012 under the theme ""Give Ben The Boot"". The Nebraska Republican Party currently controls all six statewide offices, both of the state's U.S. Senate seats, and all three of the state's U.S. House seats. While the Nebraska state legislature is officially non-partisan, Republicans hold a supermajority in its chamber when taking into account legislators' political affiliations. Leadership: Gerald Ford, a Republican from Omaha, became Vice President of the United States at Spiro Agnew's resignation. President Nixon

Nebraska
district; Don Bacon (R) of the 2nd district; and Adrian Smith (R) of the 3rd district. Nebraska is one of two states (Maine being the other) that allow for a split in the state's allocation of electoral votes in presidential elections. Under a 1991 law, two of Nebraska's five votes are awarded to the winner of the statewide popular vote, while the other three go to the highest vote-getter in each of the state's three congressional districts. For most of its history, Nebraska has been a solidly Republican state. Republicans have carried the state in all but one presidential election

Nebraska Republican Party The Nebraska Republican Party (NEGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nebraska. The party is led by Chairperson Dan Welch. The headquarters of the party are located in Lincoln. After 1860, Republicans dominated state elections in Nebraska for 30 years. Senator George W. Norris played a major role in forming the Tennessee Valley Authority during the Great Depression. The state has been strongly Republican during presidential elections. As a result of a referendum in 1934, Nebraska has the United States' only unicameral legislature, known as the Nebraska Unicameral. All representatives are officially nonpartisan. Despite, Republicans

Nebraska
most conservative Democrat in the Senate until his retirement in 2013. Johanns retired in 2015 and was succeeded by another conservative, Sasse. Nelson retired in 2013 and was replaced by conservative Republican Fischer. Former President Gerald Ford was born in Nebraska, but moved away shortly after birth. Illinois native William Jennings Bryan represented Nebraska in Congress, served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson, and unsuccessfully ran for President three times. University of Nebraska system Nebraska State College System Community Colleges Private colleges/universities Nebraska is currently home to 7 member schools of the NCAA, 8 of the NAIA,

would later resign, making Ford President. He would be President from 1974-1977, when he lost the general election to Jimmy Carter. Nebraska Republican Party The Nebraska Republican Party (NEGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nebraska. The party is led by Chairperson Dan Welch. The headquarters of the party are located in Lincoln. After 1860, Republicans dominated state elections in Nebraska for 30 years. Senator George W. Norris played a major role in forming the Tennessee Valley Authority during the Great Depression. The state has been strongly Republican during presidential elections. As a result of a referendum in

of party registration, party primaries or party-based caucasing, senators in the legislature are informally affiliated with political parties in the state by party endorsements and campaign support. In the 2012 election, it was estimated that 17 senators were Democratic affiliates. In the 2016 elections, bucking national trends, Democrats flipped 5 seats from Republican to Democratic in the state's Unicameral. The Nebraska Democratic Party holds none of the state's six statewide offices, none of the state's U.S. House seats, and neither of the state's U.S. Senate seats. Leadership: Nebraska Democratic Party The Nebraska Democratic Party (NDP) is the affiliate of the

"HGTV Design Star (season 5)"
apartment for the Trump Plaza Residences in Jersey City, New Jersey. Guest judge Donald Trump, Jr. advises the teams to keep the Trump brand of luxury in mind. Each designer also selects a package of souvenirs that must be incorporated into the apartment. The Blue Team prevails, and Alex is named the over-all winner. The judges are so appalled by the Red Team's work, in general, and by Stacey, in particular, that they eliminate her before the host presentations. Tom is also eliminated, and Courtland is warned that he has no more chances. Guest judge John Gidding (of HGTV's ""Curb

"Top Chef (season 5)"
also returned to compete once again in """". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Top Chef (season 5) Top Chef: New York is the fifth season of the American reality television series ""Top Chef"". It was first filmed in New York City, New York, before concluding in New Orleans, Louisiana. The season premiered on Bravo on November 12, 2008, and ended on March 4, 2009. In the season finale, Hosea Rosenberg was declared the Top Chef, defeating Stefan Richter and Carla Hall. Fabio Viviani was voted Fan Favorite. 17 chefs were selected to compete in ""Top Chef: New York"". Carla Hall, Fabio Viviani, and Jamie

"Worst Cooks in America"
was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the

presentation. Alex and Emily are the bottom two designers, and Alex is eliminated. Following a four-course brunch prepared by chef Aarón Sanchez, the designers must make over dining spaces by repurposing materials that are already in the spaces. Additionally each designer must select one of the four dishes as their individual inspiration. Courtland (empanada) and Casey (tamale) are the Red Team, and Michael (fruit salad) and Emily (huevos rancheros) are the Blue Team. After viewing all four hosting presentations, the judges eliminate Courtland. The remaining designers—Casey, Emily, Michael—are tasked to design a sunroom that incorporates both their own personal style

"The Great British Bake Off (series 5)"
than nothing at all. Upon Iain's elimination, it was explained that his decision to present Paul and Mary with nothing to judge in the showstopper was directly responsible for his elimination. Viewers of the show were outraged and objected fiercely to the perceived injustice on Twitter, attacking Diana. Iain spoke out against these online attacks. Diana claimed that the editing had distorted the truth, ""stitching [her] up""; she left the show after this episode after a fall (unrelated to ""BinGate""), suffering an injury that disabled her sense of taste and smell. Before the round began, it was announced that Diana

Top Chef (season 5) Top Chef: New York is the fifth season of the American reality television series ""Top Chef"". It was first filmed in New York City, New York, before concluding in New Orleans, Louisiana. The season premiered on Bravo on November 12, 2008, and ended on March 4, 2009. In the season finale, Hosea Rosenberg was declared the Top Chef, defeating Stefan Richter and Carla Hall. Fabio Viviani was voted Fan Favorite. 17 chefs were selected to compete in ""Top Chef: New York"". Carla Hall, Fabio Viviani, and Jamie Lauren later returned to compete in """". Stefan Richter

"MasterChef India Season 5"
were chosen. MasterChef India Season 5 Season 5 of the Indian competitive reality TV series MasterChef premiered on Star Plus on 1 October 2016. Vikas Khanna returned to judge this season while Sanjeev Kapoor and Ranveer Brar were replaced by Kunal Kapur and Zorawar Kalra respectively. The winner was Kirti Bhoutika, a 20-year-old Nutrition graduate, Ashima Arora being the runner-up. Top 30 contestants were chosen from India and even from the other parts of the world like San Francisco, Dubai, etc. From the Top 30, Best 10 were chosen by a cook-off between 3 each and in the second-chance cook,

MasterChef India Season 5 Season 5 of the Indian competitive reality TV series MasterChef premiered on Star Plus on 1 October 2016. Vikas Khanna returned to judge this season while Sanjeev Kapoor and Ranveer Brar were replaced by Kunal Kapur and Zorawar Kalra respectively. The winner was Kirti Bhoutika, a 20-year-old Nutrition graduate, Ashima Arora being the runner-up. Top 30 contestants were chosen from India and even from the other parts of the world like San Francisco, Dubai, etc. From the Top 30, Best 10 were chosen by a cook-off between 3 each and in the second-chance cook, 6 other

"Canada's Worst Handyman 5"
""half-assed"". The experts agree that the worst is based on who made more safety violations in the episode—Geoff choosing Matt for disconnecting a running dishwasher without switching off the power and standing on a stove, and Gail choosing Cory for using a chainsaw indoors in a tight space. In the end, Matt is declared the worst, while Deen is named the most improved of the episode, due to building the workbench that exceeded the ""non-trunk"". For his homework challenge, Matt is forced to build a new workbench and paint the phrase ""Am I Finished?"" on the walls of his room

episode of the series, there was controversy over the events that preceded the elimination of contestant Iain Watters. During the final showstopper round contestants were tasked with producing a baked Alaska. Iain's ice cream was shown as having not set, and in a show of frustration he threw his bake in the bin. The editing of the show suggested that another contestant, Diana Beard, had caused the failure by removing the ice cream from a freezer for her own ice cream, and the perceived ""sabotage"" resulted in a furore on social media networks. More than 800 complaints were lodged with

been planned. This more closely replicates the Florida setting of the original film. Principal photography began on February 15, 2017 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. On April 4, 2017, one of the cameramen of the production revealed on their social networks that filming had by then been completed. During an interview for the Edmond Sun, Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4, 2017, but nothing was confirmed by Salva or the studio. On August 16, 2017, the AMC Theatres website stated that ""Jeepers Creepers 3"" would open on September 26, 2017. On August 29, 2017,

"Jeepers Creepers 2"
spot still held by ""Jeepers Creepers"". Allowing for films that had been released prior to Labor Day, ""Jeepers Creepers 2"" holds the #9 spot after the 2015 Labor Day four-day weekend. In September 2015, ""Jeepers Creepers 3"" was officially greenlit. The film was slated to begin filming in April 2016 until production was halted when Victor Salva was boycotted from filming in Canada for his criminal past The film was eventually released in a one-night-only showing on September 26, 2017, 14 years after the release of ""Jeepers Creepers 2"". It grossed $2.3 million in theaters. Jeepers Creepers 2 Jeepers Creepers

Jeepers Creepers 2 Jeepers Creepers 2 is a 2003 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva, produced by American Zoetrope, Capitol Films, Myriad Pictures and distributed by United Artists, a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer division. The film is a sequel to the 2001 horror film ""Jeepers Creepers"". Francis Ford Coppola executive produced the film. The film was followed by ""Jeepers Creepers 3"", which received a limited release in theaters in 2017, 14 years after the second film. On its twenty-second day of feeding, the Creeper disguised as a scarecrow abducts young Billy Taggart in front of his father Jack, and older

again October 4, and it was announced that it would air on the SyFy channel on October 28, with a Blu-ray/digital release on December 28, 2017. Jeepers Creepers (2001 film) Jeepers Creepers is a 2001 American-German horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. The film takes its name from the 1938 song ""Jeepers Creepers"", which is featured in the film. Francis Ford Coppola executive produced, and the film stars Gina Philips, Justin Long, Jonathan Breck, and Eileen Brennan. Philips and Long play two older siblings who become the targets of a demonic creature (Breck) in rural Florida. Trish Jenner

September 11, 2015, Salva's wish came true when the film was officially green lit to start filming in early 2016 under Myriad Pictures. However, before filming could begin in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canadian talent agencies sent out an alert to warn others about Salva's criminal past. The casting calls were subsequently removed, which halted the production, though producer Stan Spry assured a fan on Twitter that the movie was not cancelled. The original ""Cathedral"" storyline had the film take place 23 years after the first two films. However, on the special edition Blu-ray release of ""Jeepers Creepers 2,"" Salva stated

"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"
than three recipients. In the last half century there has been an increasing tendency for scientists to work as teams, resulting in controversial exclusions. Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden, into a family of engineers. He was a chemist, engineer and inventor who amassed a fortune during his lifetime, most of it from his 355 inventions of which dynamite is the most famous. He was interested in experimental physiology and set up his own labs in France and Italy to conduct experiments in blood transfusions. Keeping abreast of scientific findings, he was generous in his

"Nobel Prize in Physics"
Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he

"Otto Stern"
Stern-Gerlach-Medaille of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft awarded for excellence in experimental physics is named after him and Gerlach. Otto Stern Otto Stern (17 February 1888 – 17 August 1969) was a German-American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. He was the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925–1945 (most times nominated is Arnold Sommerfeld with 84 nominations), ultimately winning in 1943. Stern was born into a Jewish family (father Oskar Stern and mother Eugenia née Rosenthal) in Sohrau (now Żory) in Upper Silesia, the German Empire's Kingdom of Prussia (now in Poland).

Otto Stern Otto Stern (17 February 1888 – 17 August 1969) was a German-American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. He was the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925–1945 (most times nominated is Arnold Sommerfeld with 84 nominations), ultimately winning in 1943. Stern was born into a Jewish family (father Oskar Stern and mother Eugenia née Rosenthal) in Sohrau (now Żory) in Upper Silesia, the German Empire's Kingdom of Prussia (now in Poland). He studied in Freiburg im Breisgau, Munich and Breslau, now Wrocław in Lower Silesia. Stern completed his studies

Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-rays and Philipp Lenard's work on cathode rays. The Academy of Sciences selected Röntgen for the prize. In the last decades of the 19th century, many chemists had made significant contributions. Thus, with the Chemistry Prize, the Academy ""was chiefly faced with merely deciding the order in which these scientists should be awarded the prize"". The Academy received 20 nominations, eleven of them for Jacobus van 't Hoff. Van 't Hoff was awarded the prize for his contributions in chemical thermodynamics. The Swedish Academy chose the poet Sully Prudhomme for the first Nobel Prize in Literature.

"Max Planck"
Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS (; ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. In 1948 the German scientific institution the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which Planck was twice president) was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes 83 institutions representing a

his work on malaria, ""by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"". He identified the mosquito as the transmitter of malaria, and worked tirelessly on measures to prevent malaria worldwide. The 1903 prize was awarded to Niels Ryberg Finsen, the first Faroese laureate, ""in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"". He died within a year after receiving the prize at the

alone a Christian God."" Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS (; ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. In 1948 the German scientific institution the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which Planck was twice president) was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes

"Call Me Maybe"
of Peggys Cove. As she comes to, the neighbour then helps her get up, and watches the band rehearse the track again. After turning and writing down her telephone number, Jepsen sees her neighbour pass one of her male bandmates (Tavish Crowe) his own number, indicating he is gay, where the very end shows that Jepsen is taken aback by this. The video received three nominations on the 2012 MuchMusic Video Awards in the categories of UR Fave Video, Pop Video of the Year, and Video of the Year. In 2018, Holden Nowell talked publicly about the gay scene in

the chart. The music video for ""Call Me Maybe"" was written and directed by Ben Knechtel. According to Knechtel, the main idea behind the concept was to have a ""twist at the end"", trying to get away from the idea of the classic ""boy meets a girl"" story. The music video has over 1.1 billion views on YouTube as of December 2018. The video begins with Jepsen spying on her attractive tattooed neighbour (Holden Nowell) as he is working on his lawn. As he takes his shirt off and notices she is staring at him, Jepsen is embarrassed and falls

below her window, out of sight. She is reading the books ""Love at First Sight (Men In Uniform)"" by B.J. Daniels and ""Skylar's Outlaw"" by Linda Warren. The scene then cuts to her garage, where she is rehearsing the track with her band. Following the rehearsals, her bandmates push her to go and wash her car, where she tries to gain her neighbour's attention with various provocative poses only to fall from the hood of the car. She is briefly knocked out from the fall, during which she dreams of a romance novel-type encounter with her crush against the backdrop

in her home country since 2007. In the United States, the track reached number one on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, and is the first number one by a Canadian female artist on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart since 2007's ""Girlfriend"" by Avril Lavigne. An accompanying music video was directed by Ben Knechtel. In it, Jepsen seeks the attention of an attractive boy next door who is revealed at the close of the story to be attracted to a male band member. As part of promotion for the song, Jepsen performed the track on ""The Ellen DeGeneres Show"", where she

Me Maybe"" was written by Jepsen and Crowe, with additional writing and song production by Josh Ramsay. Lyrically, the song describes the ""infatuation and inconvenience of a love at first sight,"" as described by Bill Lamb of About.com. During the pre-chorus, Jepsen states how she suddenly becomes attracted to a person, singing, ""Your stare was holding, ripped jeans, skin was showing/Hot night, wind was blowing/Where you think you're going, baby?"" As the chorus begins, the background incorporates synthesized string chords, and Jepsen explains that her feelings towards the guy are unexpected, ""Hey, I just met you, And this is crazy,

"Steve Kardynal"
Steve Kardynal Stephen ""Steve"" Kardynal (born January 7, 1990) is an American comedian and YouTube celebrity from Michigan. Kardynal has produced a series of Chatroulette videos, where he shows himself often dressing up as a woman and lip syncing and dancing to pop songs, along with the reactions of unsuspecting people who connect with him on Chatroulette. Songs he has covered on Chatroulette are ""Call Me Maybe"", ""Wrecking Ball"", ""Telephone"" (which was featured on NBC's ""The Tonight Show with Jay Leno""), ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"", ""Peacock"" and ""Let It Go"". Kardynal has also produced the ""Songs In

games. On July 3, 2012, Mabson Enterprises released a digital-only compilation on Bandcamp comprising 43 versions of the track remixed or covered including tracks by Dan Deacon, Ear Pwr, Poingly and Sean Carnage. On July 20, 2012, The cast of ""Hollywood Heights"", Cody Longo, Brittany Underwood, Carlos Ponce, Melissa Ordway, Jama Williamson, Meredith Salenger, among others, made a cover version of them lip singing and dancing along to the song on set of the show. On July 26, 2012, the United States Olympic Swim Team posted a video of them lip syncing to the song at practice and on the

Canada and heard the track on the radio. After they tweeted about it on their personal profiles, Jepsen instantly gained international attention, and got signed by Scooter Braun to his Schoolboy Records. Bieber's tweet said the song ""is possibly the catchiest song I've ever heard..."" Braun revealed that Bieber has ""never jumped out and promoted an artist like this before. He sends me different YouTube videos of unsigned artists that he'd like to work with, but never someone who already had a song out and is on the radio."" Worldwide distribution of the single was done through Interscope Records. ""Call

"Chris Pirillo"
Chris Pirillo Christopher Joseph Pirillo (born July 26, 1973) is the founder and CEO of LockerGnome, Inc., a network of blogs, web forums, mailing lists, and online communities. He spent two years hosting the TechTV television program ""Call for Help"", where he also hosted the first annual Call-for-Help-a-Thon. He now hosts videos on several Internet sites, including CNN, YouTube, Ustream, CBC.ca and his own website. Pirillo was born on July 26, 1973 in Des Moines, Iowa to Judy and Joe Pirillo. He has two younger brothers, Adam and Benjamin. He studied at the University of Northern Iowa, where he majored

performed the song at grand launching of NET.. A number of parody and lip dub videos have been released throughout the internet since the song's release. Big Time Rush, Ashley Tisdale, Justin Bieber, and Selena Gomez uploaded a parody video to YouTube on February 18, 2012; it instantly turned viral, having over 75 million views as of December 2018. Pop singer Katy Perry also released a viral video with her friends on April 19, 2012, while hosts and members of the E! TV series ""Fashion Police"" also released theirs on May 4, 2012. On May 23, 2012, a compilation from

"Missouri River"
Missouri River The Missouri River is the longest river in North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri. The river takes drainage from a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than half a million square miles (1,300,000 km), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system. For over 12,000 years, people have depended on the Missouri River and its tributaries as a source

long is one the world's shortest rivers. The table on the right lists the ten longest tributaries of the Missouri, along with their respective catchment areas and flows. Length is measured to the hydrologic source, regardless of naming convention. The main stem of the Kansas River, for example, is long. However, including the longest headwaters tributaries, the Republican River and the Arikaree River, brings the total length to . Similar naming issues are encountered with the Platte River, whose longest tributary, the North Platte River, is more than twice as long as its mainstream. The Missouri's headwaters above Three Forks

"Mississippi River"
Lake Itasca, the Mississippi has a length of 2,320 miles (3,730 km). When measured from its longest stream source (most distant source from the sea), Brower's Spring in Montana, the source of the Missouri River, it has a length of 3,710 miles, making it the fourth longest river in the world after the Nile, Amazon, and Yangtze. When measured by the largest stream source (by water volume), the Ohio River, by extension the Allegheny River, would be the source, and the Mississippi would begin in Pennsylvania. The Mississippi River runs through or along 10 states, from Minnesota to Louisiana, and

"John Day River"
John Day River The John Day River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northeastern Oregon in the United States. Undammed along its entire length, the river is the third longest free-flowing river in the contiguous United States. There is extensive use of its waters for irrigation. Its course furnishes habitat for diverse species, including wild steelhead and Chinook salmon runs. However, the steelhead populations are under federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protections, and the Chinook salmon have been proposed for such protection. The river was named for John Day, a member of the Pacific Fur Company's

"Columbia River"
Columbia River The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States

Divide, and small portions of Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada; the total area is similar to the size of France. Roughly of the river's length and 85 percent of its drainage basin are in the US. The Columbia is the twelfth-longest river and has the sixth-largest drainage basin in the United States. In Canada, where the Columbia flows for and drains , the river ranks 23rd in length, and the Canadian part of its basin ranks 13th in size among Canadian basins. The Columbia shares its name with nearby places, such as British Columbia, as well as with landforms and bodies

extend much farther upstream than the main stem. Measured to the farthest source at Brower's Spring, the Jefferson River is long. Thus measured to its highest headwaters, the Missouri River stretches for . When combined with the lower Mississippi, the Missouri and its headwaters form part of the fourth-longest river system in the world, at . By discharge, the Missouri is the ninth largest river of the United States, after the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Columbia, Niagara, Yukon, Detroit, and St. Clair. The latter two, however, are sometimes considered part of a strait between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Among

Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the second longest river of the United States and the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Its source is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The main stem is entirely within the United States; the total drainage basin is ,

and recreational use – notably the Niobrara National Scenic River, which is a protected stretch of the Niobrara River, one of the Missouri's longest tributaries. The Missouri flows through or past many National Historic Landmarks, which include Three Forks of the Missouri, Fort Benton, Montana, Big Hidatsa Village Site, Fort Atkinson, Nebraska and Arrow Rock Historic District. Missouri River The Missouri River is the longest river in North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri. The river takes drainage from a

"Roe River"
possibly as a result of this ongoing dispute. Roe River The Roe River runs from Giant Springs to the Missouri River near Great Falls, Montana, United States. The Roe River is only long at its longest constant point, and had been named as the World's Shortest River by the ""Guinness book of World Records"" before Guinness eliminated the shortest river category. Towards its mouth, the Roe is about deep. A successful campaign to get the Roe River recognized by the ""Guinness World Records"" as the shortest river in the world originated in 1987 with fifth-grade students of teacher Susie Nardlinger

Nintendo
Nintendo Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto. Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalisation, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as ""Mario"", ""The Legend of Zelda"", and ""Pokémon"". Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels. Abandoning previous ventures in favour of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo developed into a video game company in the

Nintendo
1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889. Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed ""Hanafuda"" cards. The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand. In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan. Nintendo continues to manufacture playing cards in Japan and organises its own contract bridge

History of Nintendo The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video game company by revenue. Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889, as Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed ""hanafuda"". The name ""Nintendo"" is commonly assumed to mean ""leave luck to heaven"", but there are no historical records

Konami
incorporated under the name on March 19, 1973. The company's founder and current chairman, Kagemasa Kozuki, previously ran a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka, Osaka before transforming the business into a manufacturer of amusement machines for video arcades. Their first coin-operated video game was released in 1978, and they began exporting products to the United States the following year. Konami began to achieve success with hit arcade games such as 1981's ""Frogger"", ""Scramble"", and ""Super Cobra"", many of which were licensed to other companies for stateside release, including Stern Electronics and Gremlin Industries. They eventually established their U.S.

Konami
Konami , commonly referred to as Konami, is a Japanese entertainment and gaming conglomerate. It operates as a product distributor (which produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, slot machines and arcade cabinets), video game developer and publisher company. It also operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan. Konami is famous for popular games such as the ""Suikoden"", ""Castlevania"", ""Contra"", ""Dance Dance Revolution"", ""Metal Gear"", ""Pro Evolution Soccer"" and ""Silent Hill"" series, as well as ""Frogger"", ""Gradius"" and the ""Yu-Gi-Oh!"" trading card game. Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue. The company originated in 1969

Nintendo
In 1988, Gunpei Yokoi and his team at Nintendo R&D1 conceived the new Game Boy handheld system, with the purpose of merging the two very successful ideas of the Game & Watch's portability along with the NES's cartridge interchangeability. Nintendo released the Game Boy in Japan on 21 April 1989, and in North America on 31 July 1989. Nintendo of America president Minoru Arakawa managed a deal to bundle the popular third-party game ""Tetris"" along with the Game Boy, and the pair launched as an instant success. In 1989, Nintendo announced plans to release the successor to the Famicom, the

Nintendo
tournament called the ""Nintendo Cup"". The word ""Nintendo"" can be translated as ""leave luck to heaven"", or alternatively as ""the temple of free hanafuda"". In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi, grandson of Fusajiro Yamauchi, visited the U.S. to talk with the United States Playing Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer there. He found that the biggest playing card company in the world was using only a small office. Yamauchi's realisation that the playing card business had limited potential was a turning point. He then acquired the licence to use Disney characters on playing cards to drive sales. In 1963, Yamauchi renamed

Nintendo
to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV-Game home video game consoles. Four versions of these consoles were produced, each including variations of a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of ""Light Tennis""). A student product developer named Shigeru Miyamoto was hired by Nintendo at this time. He worked for Yokoi, and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the Color TV-Game consoles. Miyamoto went on to create, direct and produce some

"Wonder Woman (2017 film)"
offered a different role (as a villain) in ""Man of Steel"", which she declined because she was pregnant at the time; this allowed her to later be cast as Wonder Woman in the film's follow-up. Gadot signed a three-picture deal. She was paid a base salary of $300,000 for the film itself. Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor, a character he described as a ""rogue-ish, cynical realist who's seen the awful brutish nature of modern civilization"" and added that he is a ""worldly guy, a charming guy"". He signed a multi-picture deal. Lucy Davis' performance as Etta Candy is

"Doctor Strange (2016 film)"
McAdams' character Christine Palmer. Mikkelsen's role was confirmed in an official tie-in comic for the film, while McAdams' was confirmed at San Diego Comic Con 2016. Additionally, Benjamin Bratt was revealed to have been cast as Jonathan Pangborn; Adkins' role was revealed to be Lucian, a follower of Kaecilius; and Landecker's role was later revealed to be anesthesiologist Dr. Bruner. The latter was mostly cut from the film, with Landecker explaining that she had been cast in the small role, for two scenes at the beginning of the film, because Derrickson was a fan of her performance in ""A Serious

Phythian, Alaa Safi, and Katrina Durden portray zealots under Kaecilius, and Pat Kiernan appears as himself. Doctor Strange co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance as a bus rider reading Aldous Huxley's ""The Doors of Perception"". Amy Landecker was cast as anesthesiologist Bruner, but the majority of her role was cut from the finished film. A film based on the Marvel Comics character Doctor Strange was initially listed as being in development at New World Pictures, with a script dated January 21, 1986 by Bob Gale. For unknown reasons, Gale's film never went further into production. By 1989, Alex Cox

the film, and Feige confirmed that Strange's Sanctum Sanctorum would appear, located on Bleecker Street in New York City's Greenwich Village, as in the comics. Swinton confirmed her role in the film in July, when Rachel McAdams was being considered for the female lead. McAdams cautioned that ""it's still super-early, and I don't know where that's gonna go, if it's gonna go anywhere at all"", but she ultimately confirmed her role during the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. Mads Mikkelsen entered into early negotiations to play a villain in August, ""one of a number of actors being considered for the

influence on all the film's writers was the Doctor Strange comic book ""Into Shamballa"". In January 2015, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered preliminary talks with Marvel for a role in the film, later revealed to be Baron Mordo. Ejiofor's role was confirmed during the 2015 D23 Expo. In April, Derrickson and members of the production team visited New York City to scout potential filming locations, while Feige revealed that filming would begin that November. A month later, Tilda Swinton was in talks to play the Ancient One. In June 2015, Derrickson announced that he was going to London to begin work on

was also depicted as blonde (differing from the black hair established in the comic books). This 1974 film follows Wonder Woman, assistant to government agent Steve Trevor (Kaz Garas) as she pursues a villain named Abner Smith (Ricardo Montalban) who has stolen a set of code books containing classified information about U.S. government field agents. Along the way, she has to outwit Smith's chief assistants: the handsome yet dangerous George (Andrew Prine) and a rogue Amazon, Ahnjayla (Anitra Ford), who Smith has taken on as a bodyguard; a brief duel between Wonder Woman and Ahnjayla is the film's only significant

Doctor Strange (2016 film) Doctor Strange is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the fourteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Scott Derrickson, who wrote it with Jon Spaihts and C. Robert Cargill, and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as the titular character, along with Chiwetel Ejiofor, Rachel McAdams, Benedict Wong, Michael Stuhlbarg, Benjamin Bratt, Scott Adkins, Mads Mikkelsen, and Tilda Swinton. In ""Doctor Strange"", surgeon Stephen Strange learns the mystic arts after

Man"", which also starred Stuhlbarg. After filming her first scene, in which she assists Strange with a surgery, Landecker asked not to be involved in the other scene because she had no lines for it and was only seen from behind, and instead wished to attend a special premiere at the White House for her series ""Transparent"". The actress believed she was later cut from the first scene, but she is still credited for a brief appearance. Also, Derrickson revealed that Lulu Wilson had been cast as Strange's sister, for a scene depicting her drowning at a young age. The

and take Kaecilius and his zealots with him in return for Strange breaking the loop. Disillusioned by Strange and the Ancient One defying nature's laws, Mordo departs. Strange returns the Eye to Kamar-Taj, and takes up residence in the New York Sanctum to continue his studies. In a mid-credits scene, Strange decides to help Thor, who has brought his brother Loki to Earth to search for their father Odin. In a post-credits scene, Mordo confronts Pangborn and steals the mystical energy that he uses to walk, declaring that Earth has ""too many sorcerers"". Cumberbatch also portrays, uncredited, the villainous entity

film's antagonist, along with the concept of ""nightmares themselves as being a dimension"", but Feige felt ""getting across the idea of the Dream Dimension as another dimension"" would have been challenging alongside everything else that the film introduces. Dormammu, ""the most present villain in the comics"", became the film's main villain. During the early development process, Marvel, Derrickson, and Spaihts all envisioned Benedict Cumberbatch playing the title role. By the end of June, Marvel had reportedly been looking at Tom Hardy and Jared Leto for the film's lead as well, while Édgar Ramírez, who worked with Derrickson on 2014's ""Deliver

"Firearms licence (New Zealand)"
administered by the New Zealand Police, according to policies documented in their ""Arms Manual"" 2002. Licences are issued at the discretion of the police. The possession of firearms is considered a privilege, rather than a right. To be granted a licence, the applicant must: Licences are issued for a period of 10 years. As part of the application for a licence, the police will assess whether the applicant is a fit and proper person to possess firearms. An applicant could be considered not fit and proper if he/she: The ""general"" (or ""type A"") licence gives permission to own and use

"Gun laws in New Zealand"
before they are transferred. Except under supervision of a licence holder, owning or using firearms requires a firearms licence from the police. The licence is normally issued under the conditions that the applicant has secure storage for firearms, attends a safety program administered by the Mountain Safety Council and passes a written safety test. The police will also interview the applicant and two referees (one must be a close relative and the other not related) to determine whether the applicant is ""fit and proper"" to have a firearm. The applicant's residence is also visited to check that they have appropriate

Gun laws in New Zealand About 230,000 licensed firearms owners own and use New Zealand's estimated 1.1 million firearms. As in Australia, but unlike the US and Canada, gun laws usually gain the support of both major parties before they are passed. Guns are not currently a major political issue, but have been immediately after the Aramoana massacre in 1990, and the Scottish Dunblane and Australian Port Arthur massacres in 1996. Gun licenses are issued at the discretion of the police in New Zealand provided the police consider the person to be of good standing and without criminal, psychiatric or

for convicted offenders and those with a history of mental illness. Licenses must be renewed every 3 or 5 years (or 10 years in the Northern Territory and South Australia). Full License-holders must be 18 years of age; minor's permits allow using a firearm under adult supervision by those as young as 12 in most states. Handguns may be obtained by primary producers (farmers) in some states, sporting (target) shooters, and certain security guards after serving a probationary six-month period with a shooting club. Restricted weapons include military weapons, semi-automatic rifles (regardless of capacity or calibre), pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns.

drug issues as well as meeting other conditions such as having suitable storage facilities. To be issued, they must be issued for a valid reason, which may not include self defense, although the law does not support this restriction for ownership for self defense. Several different categories of licenses are permitted, with the lowest one permitting access to restricted semi-automatic rifles and shotguns, with limited capacity, while the higher levels which permit fully automatic weaponry and pistols are rarely issued to civilians. Various governments, groups behind the Thorp report, and the New Zealand Police have pushed for various forms of

holders, added photographs to firearms licences, required licence holders to have secure storage for firearms at their homes (which would be inspected before a licence was issued), and, controversially, required all licence holders to be re-vetted for new licences, which would be valid for only 10 years. The law also created the new category of ""military-style semi-automatic"", which like the Federal Assault Weapons Ban two years later in the United States, mainly covered the appearance rather than the functionality of the guns. These required a special endorsement, security and registration in the same manner as pistols, but could be used

storage for firearms and ammunition. Having criminal associations or a history of domestic violence almost always leads to a licence being declined. A standard firearms licence allows the use of ""A Category"" firearms. To possess firearms of another category a person is required to get an endorsement to their licence. There are different endorsements for different classes of firearm but they all require a higher level of storage security, stricter vetting requirements and the applicant must have an end use for wanting the endorsement. Be it pest control for E cat, cowboy shooting and 3-gun for B cat, or just

"Firearm legislation in South Africa"
of application. The Central Firearms Registry implemented a turnaround strategy that has significantly improved the processing period of new licences. The maximum time allowed to process a licence application is now 90 days. In South Africa, citizens or permanent residents (over the age of 21 years generally, but if need can be shown then technically no age limit applies) who wish to own firearms are required to obtain a licence per individual firearm, and may own a maximum amount of only four firearms, and a maximum of 200 rounds of ammunition per license. Should the individual acquire 'dedicated status' conferred

"National Firearms Agreement"
for firearm sales, and tightened firearm licensing rules. The law requires anyone wishing to possess or use a firearm with some exceptions, be over the age of 12. Owners must be at least 18 years of age, have secure storage for their firearms and provide a ""genuine reason"" for doing so. In 1997, the Prime Minister appointed the Australian Institute of Criminology to monitor the effects of the gun buyback. The institute has published a number of papers reporting trends and statistics around gun ownership and gun crime, which it has found to be mostly related to illegally held firearms.

"Lies of the Heart"
having lost her share of a father's love. Diya works with Shaurya in the same agency. On a work assignment Diya is raped. Hereon begins the journey of Urmi, Shaurya and Diya. Over the years Urmi, with her courage, integrity and determination to fight for the right has become one of the most iconic characters on Zee TV. With this leap Urmi passes the baton she has been carrying to Shaurya. The story henceforth focuses on Shaurya and Diya and how Shaurya helps Diya stand up for herself, fights for her, supports her, and eventually falls in love with her.

"Allison Pataki"
Allison Pataki Allison Pataki (born in 1984) is an American author and journalist. Her five historical novels are ""The Traitor's Wife: The Woman Behind Benedict Arnold and the Plan to Betray America"", ""The Accidental Empress"", ""Sisi: Empress on Her Own"", ""Where the Light Falls, and Beauty in the Broken Places"". Pataki was born in New York and is the daughter of former New York State Governor and 2016 presidential candidate, George Pataki. Allison attended Yale University where she majored in English. She met her husband, David Levy, during her sophomore year at Yale and they married in June 2012. In

Places"" chronicled that experience. Allison Pataki Allison Pataki (born in 1984) is an American author and journalist. Her five historical novels are ""The Traitor's Wife: The Woman Behind Benedict Arnold and the Plan to Betray America"", ""The Accidental Empress"", ""Sisi: Empress on Her Own"", ""Where the Light Falls, and Beauty in the Broken Places"". Pataki was born in New York and is the daughter of former New York State Governor and 2016 presidential candidate, George Pataki. Allison attended Yale University where she majored in English. She met her husband, David Levy, during her sophomore year at Yale and they married

"Nida Jay"
Nida Jay Nida Jay (born September 2, 1985) is a Pakistani novelist who writes in the English language. She is the recipient of numerous international awards, amongst them the Dunnen First Novel Prize. The debut novel ""Heart of Eternity"" published by Mirador has gained worldwide plaudits and recognition making Jay an influential name in philosophical and religious literature. Jay is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and is also a member of the Stanford University vibrant group of literary scholars Jay was born and raised in a Kashmiri family in Lahore. She has an MA in Creative Writing

child, Shaurya. Moving further Urmi walks out of her marriage due to Samrat's infidelity, and ends up as a successful independent woman. Later, Ishaan, who has been Urmi's friend, confidant and lawyer, falls in love with her and they get married. Samrat, the abusive husband, comes back to take revenge on Urmi. In the process, Ishaan is killed while saving Samrat and later Samrat ends his own life due to guilt. Moving 15 years forward, Shaurya is an upright and honest reporter who runs a news agency. He is devoted to his mother unlike his half-sister who blames Urmi for

"Táhirih"
poetry, in English translation, was sung to cello or dulcimer accompaniment. Shabnam Tolouei Iranian actress and filmmaker living in France, has made a documentary of 67 minutes about the life of Tahirih Qurratul'Ayn, in April 2016. The film, called Dust-Flower-Flame, is in Persian language with English and French subtitles. Russell Garcia and Gina Garcia have composed a musical drama titled ""The Unquenchable Flame"" about Táhirih's life, with Tierney Sutton in the role of Táhirih. Táhirih Tahereh (Tāhirih) (, ""The Pure One,"" also called Qurrat al-ʿAyn ( ""Solace/Consolation of the Eyes"") are both titles of Fatimah Baraghani/Umm-i-Salmih (1814 or 1817 –

"Heraa Hashmi"
at the Denver International Airport following the signing of an executive order by Donald Trump banning citizens of seven primarily Muslim countries from entering the United States, as well as a silent walkout when Ann Coulter came to speak on campus and an interfaith Walk for Unity. Hasmhi grew up in Superior Colorado. She was born in Bihar, India. Her parents are of Indian descent. She wrote and published four novels, ""The Liars"", ""Blind to Me"", ""Shadow Speed"", and ""Crimson Ruins"", while she was still a student in high school. Heraa Hashmi Heraa Hashmi (born August 25, 1997) is an

"Wonder Woman: The Lies"
Wonder Woman: The Lies ""The Lies"" is a seven issue comic book story arc written by Greg Rucka, with pencils by Liam Sharp and colors by Laura Martin. Released in 2016, this was the first arc of the relaunched ""Wonder Woman"" series during the DC Rebirth event. Heroic. Iconic. Unstoppable. Armed with her Lasso of Truth and imbued with the power of the gods themselves, Princess Diana of Themyscira—known to the world as Wonder Woman—is one of the greatest superheroes in history. But who is she... really? Not even Wonder Woman herself knows for sure. Diana’s links to both the

"Mariane Pearl"
Mariane Pearl Mariane van Neyenhoff Pearl (born 23 July 1967) is a French freelance journalist and a former reporter and columnist for ""Glamour"" magazine. She is the widow of Daniel Pearl, an American journalist who was the Southeast Asia Bureau Chief for ""The Wall Street Journal"". He was kidnapped and murdered by terrorists in Pakistan in early 2002, during the early months of the United States' War on Terror. Pearl published a memoir, ""A Mighty Heart"" (2003), about her husband and his life. It was adapted as a film of the same name, released in 2007. Mariane van Neyenhoff was

Mazikeen
to kill the New God, who had been resurrected as an evil deity. Mazikeen appears in the Fox TV series ""Lucifer"", portrayed by Lesley-Ann Brandt. Lina Esco was originally announced for the role. Mazikeen, frequently referred to as ""Maze"" for short, is the confidant and devoted ally of Lucifer Morningstar. ""Forged in the bowels of Hell to torture the guilty for all of eternity"", Maze is an archdemon who, after having served for eons as his head torturer, accompanied Lucifer ""through the gates of Hell"", up to the earth (five years prior to the events of the series), where her

"Flush toilet"
January 1859. The toilets were probably imported from Britain, as they were referred to by the English term ""waterclosets"" in the insurance ledger. Another early watercloset on the European continent, dating from 1860, was imported from Britain to be installed in the rooms of Queen Victoria in Ehrenburg Palace (Coburg, Germany); she was the only one who was allowed to use it. In America, the chain-pull indoor toilet was introduced in the homes of the wealthy and in hotels, soon after its invention in England in the 1880s. Flush toilets were introduced in the 1890s. William Elvis Sloan invented the

"Potty parity"
made a similar point: that allowing toilet providers to charge for the use of a cubicle while urinals required no money was unfair to women. Several authors have identified potty parity as a potential rallying issue for feminism, saying all women can identify with it; however, this excludes some transgender women. The first bathroom for congresswomen in the United States Capitol was opened in 1962. Segregation of toilet facilities by race was outlawed in the United States by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Provision of disabled-access facilities was mandated in federal buildings by the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968

ships) are typically flushed with seawater. Flush toilets may, if plumbed for it, use greywater (water previously used for washing dishes, laundry and bathing) for flushing rather than potable water (drinking water). The term ""water closet"" (""WC"") was an early term for an interior or exterior room with a flushing toilet in contrast with an earth closet usually outdoors and requiring periodic emptying as ""night soil"". Originally, the term ""wash-down closet"" was used. The term ""water closet"" was coined in England around 1870. It did not reach the United States until the 1880s. Around this time, only luxury hotels and

"Unisex public toilet"
sphere, away from the public, fulfilling their roles as dutiful wives and mothers where any association with sexuality or private body parts was taboo. For women, the female lavatory in a public space was associated with danger, unrespectability, and even immoral sexual conduct. The decision to create separate toilets in the U.S. for males and females was a reflection of their shift and growth in society. As women entered the workforce and factories, they needed to have a place to relieve themselves. In the U.S., the very first regulation that enforced separate toilets for males and females passed in 1887

wealthy people had indoor private bathrooms. By 1890 in the US, there was increased public awareness of the theory of disease and of carelessly disposed human waste being contaminated and infectious. Originally, the term ""bath-room"" referred only to the room where the bathtub was located (usually a separate room not housing a toilet), but this connotation has changed in common North American usage. In the UK, the terms ""bathroom"" and ""toilet"" are used to indicate distinct functions, even though bathrooms in modern homes often include toilets. The term ""water closet"" was probably adopted because in the late 19th century, with

"Toilet (room)"
to sophisticated water systems that swept its effluent away without affecting the community's drinking, cooking, or washing water. In the early modern period, ""night soil"" from municipal outhouses became an important source of nitrates for creating gunpowder. 19th century refinements of the outhouse included the privy midden and the pail closet. Indoor toilets were at first a luxury of the rich and only gradually spread to the lower classes. As late as the 1890s, building regulations in London did not require working-class housing to have indoor toilets; into the early 20th century, some English homes were built with an upstairs

Toilet
especially in London, which made the flush toilet particularly attractive for health and sanitation reasons. Flush toilets were also known as ""water closets"", as opposed to the earth closets described above. WCs first appeared in Britain in the 1880s, and soon spread to Continental Europe. In America, the chain-pull indoor toilet was introduced in the homes of the wealthy and in hotels in the 1890s. William Elvis Sloan invented the Flushometer in 1906, which used pressurized water directly from the supply line for faster recycle time between flushes. Toilet was originally a French loanword (first attested in 1540) that referred

toilet for use by the owners and an outhouse for use by the servants. In some cases, there was a transitional stage where toilets were built into the house but accessible only from the outside. After World War I, all new housing in London and its suburbs had indoor toilets. Bathrooms became standard later than toilets, but entered working-class houses at around the same time. For plumbing reasons, flush toilets have usually been located in or near residences' bathrooms. (Both were initially located above the kitchen and scullery on the same account.) In upper-class homes, the first modern lavatories were

to 1887, this was the first law of its kind. The provision, titled “An Act To Secure Proper Sanitary Provisions In Factories and Workshops,” called for suitable and separate restrooms for females in the workplace. In 1887 Massachusetts became the first of the United States to pass legislation requiring any workplace with female employees to have a female-specific restroom. Subsequently, other states created similar laws, often by amending existing protective labor legislation. 43 states had passed similar legislation by 1920. Legal scholar Terry S. Kogan lists four primary rationales for sex-segregated toilets as detailed by state statutes and related literature

"Public toilet"
of the term: literally, a place to rest. Historically such rooms pre-dated the washroom and washrooms were added afterwards. Subsequent integrated designs resulted in the women's restroom lounge. A notable early example of a public toilet in the United States is the Old School Privy. The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright claimed to have ""invented the hung wall for the w.c. (easier to clean under)"" when he designed the Larkin Administration Building in Buffalo, New York in 1904. In parts of the United States, public toilets were subject to racial segregation, due to the Jim Crow laws prior to the

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)"
this list. According to the traditional 30-point scale. ""Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli."" <nowiki>*</nowiki> The couple performed this dance at the finale The fan voting for Master P and Jerry Rice received some controversy during this season. Master P received very low points from the judges during his time on the show and the fans and judges were disappointed that he outlasted Tatum O'Neal and Giselle Fernandez. Towards the end of the competition, Jerry Rice received

"World of Dance (season 2)"
In the World Final all four division champions will compete for the $1,000,000 USD grand prize. The concept of last season is copied; every contestant will perform twice in two separate rounds. The average score of both rounds by each contestant will make their final score. The contestant(s) with the highest final score will be crowned World of Dance champion 2018 and will win the $1,000,000 USD grand prize. The judges are scoring in 5 categories. Each category is worth 20 points, with a perfect score of 100: Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the series judges, with

of the series. Also, Master P and his partner Ashly DelGrosso scored the lowest score in the history of the show, an 8 (4,2,2) out of 30. Despite making it to the finals, the three Finalists had one unlearned dance that they did not perform. Drew & Jerry had not learned the Waltz, and Stacy had not learned the Paso doble. Also, none of the male stars performed the Waltz. Musical guests such as the Pussycat Dolls, Jesse McCartney, Natasha Bedingfield, Michael Bublé, Bill Medley, Burt Bacharach, Mary J. Blige, Scissor Sisters and Barry Manilow performed while the professional dancers

Derek Hough. Season 1's winner Les Twins also performed before the crowning. After the final performances, The Lab were announced as the winners of World of Dance; their final combined score of 97.5 beat out Michael Dameski by 1.5 points. 4th S-Rank (93.5) 3rd Charity & Andres (94.3) 2nd Michael Dameski (96) WINNER The Lab (97.5) Misty Copeland joined the Judges panel for Division Final round World of Dance (season 2) The second season of American reality competition television series ""World of Dance"" premiered May 29, 2018, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the judges, with

"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2)"
Michaels ""Judges"": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Brian Friedman Solos: In 2006, the top 10 contestants went on a performance tour (which is the first sytycd tour). Tickets went on sale August 12 Wade Robson and Mia Michaels were joint-winners along with Rob Marshall and John Deluca from ""Tony Bennett: An American Classic"". So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2) The second season of ""So You Think You Can Dance"" premiered on May 25, 2006, with new host Cat Deeley. On August 16, Benji Schwimmer was announced as the winner of season 2 and received the grand prize

demonstrated various routines. In week four the results show introduced an encore of what the judges considered the previous night's best routine—twice going to Drew Lachey (the paso doble in week four and the rumba in week seven), once to Stacy Keibler (the Samba (ballroom) in week five) and once to Rinna (the quickstep in week six). This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-point scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Kenny Mayne & George Hamilton are the only stars that did not land on

"So You Think You Can Dance (Belgium and the Netherlands, season 2)"
production for its subsequent three seasons. The second season premiered on September 1, 2009 and concluded eight weeks later on November 29, with Belgian Els Smekens announced winner in a live finale. Smekens won a choice of dance school opportunities in the U.S., a cash prize of €20.000, and a dance solo in the musical Hairspray. Unlike the first season, the second season featured a less permanent make-up for the Judge panel with Dan Karaty, Jan Kooijman and Nicky VerNew with one being occasionally replaced for a week by a guest judge. Initial open auditions were held over two days

"Dancing on Ice (series 2)"
Dancing on Ice (series 2) The second series of Dancing on Ice aired from 20 January to 17 March 2007 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the ""Ice Panel"", consisting of Nicky Slater, Natalia Bestemianova (who replaced Karen Kresge), Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean coached and trained the contestants. In this series, eleven celebrities competed, compared to ten in the first series. The series was won by former rugby star Kyran Bracken, with Melanie Lambert as the professional winner. It was announced that Karen Kresge

Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2) Season two of the ""Dancing with the Stars"" (U.S. edition) premiered on the ABC network on January 5, 2006, and ended February 24, 2006. This season expanded to ten couples from six in the previous season. All the professionals dancers from season one, with the exception of Alec Mazo (who was the incumbent champion) and Charlotte Jørgensen, were a part of season two. Tom Bergeron returned as host while Samantha Harris replaced Lisa Canning as co-host. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Season two expanded each program from

to represent their division. Same as The Cut, each of the judges and the host, Jenna Dewan, became mentors for one of the four divisions. Jennifer mentored the Upper acts, Derek worked with the Junior Teams, Ne-Yo worked with the Upper Teams, and Jenna worked with the Junior acts. Guest mentor Ciara helped each division in their practice as well. Guest judge Misty Copeland joined the panel for this segment. In the World Final, the final 4 division champions competed head to head to win the one million dollar prize. As with the previous 2 rounds, the judges and the

only player to play for manchester united manchester city liverpool and everton

"David Beckham"
David Beckham David Robert Joseph Beckham, (; born 2 May 1975) is an English retired professional footballer and current President of Inter Miami CF. He played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, LA Galaxy, Paris Saint-Germain and the England national team, for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016. He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries: England, Spain, the United States and France. He retired in May 2013 after a 20-year career, during which he won 19 major trophies. Known for his range of passing, crossing

"Wayne Rooney"
region of £300,000. Manchester United Individual Records Wayne Rooney Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club D.C. United. He has played much of his career as a forward, and he has also been used in various midfield roles. He is the record goalscorer for the England national team and for Manchester United. At club level, he has won every honour available in English, European and Continental football, with the exception of the European Super Cup. Along with Michael Carrick, he is the only English player to win the

"Peter Beardsley"
Peter Beardsley Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE (born 18 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played as a forward or midfielder between 1979 and 1999. In 1987, he set a record transfer fee in the English game and represented his country 59 times between 1986 and 1996, once as captain, taking part in two FIFA World Cups (1986 and 1990) and UEFA Euro 1988. At club level, he played for Newcastle United, Liverpool and Everton, having also had spells with Carlisle United, Manchester United, Vancouver Whitecaps, Bolton Wanderers, Manchester City, Fulham, Hartlepool United and the Melbourne Knights. He was

"Stan Collymore"
with borderline personality disorder. Individual Stan Collymore Stanley Victor Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer who played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He held the English transfer record when he moved from Nottingham Forest to Liverpool for £8.5 million in 1995 and was capped three times at senior level by the England national football team. He is currently a football pundit. Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire to a Barbadian father and English mother.. As a young boy he supported Aston Villa. A centre forward, Collymore played junior football for Cannock Peelers and Penkridge

"Kevin Keegan"
Kevin Keegan Joseph Kevin Keegan, OBE (born 14 February 1951) is an English former football player and manager. A forward, he played for several clubs including Liverpool and Hamburger SV. He went on to manage Newcastle United, Fulham and Manchester City, winning promotion as champions in his first full season at all three clubs, and also the England national team. As a player in the 1970s and 1980s, he has been described as ""arguably the first superstar English player to attract the modern media spotlight"". He began his playing career at Scunthorpe United in 1968, before moving to Liverpool in

"Andrei Kanchelskis"
Andrei Kanchelskis Andrei Antanasovich Kanchelskis (; ; born 23 January 1969) is a Russian professional football manager and a former player. He is the manager of Navbahor Namangan in Uzbekistan. As a player from 1988 to 2006, he was a right winger, and is remembered for his spells with English clubs Manchester United and Everton, and in Scotland with Rangers. He is the only player in history to have scored in each of the Glasgow, Merseyside and Manchester local derbies. He also played in the top flight of English football with Southampton and Manchester City, as well as also appearing

"Andy Cole"
Andy Cole Andrew Alexander Cole (born 15 October 1971) is an English former professional footballer. Playing as a striker, his career lasted from 1988 to 2008. He is most notably remembered for his time in the Premier League, with Manchester United, where he spent six years of his career, winning numerous trophies in the process. He also played in the top division of English football for Arsenal, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth and Sunderland, as well as in the Football League for Bristol City, Birmingham City, Burnley and Nottingham Forest. He is the third-highest goalscorer in Premier

"Wayne Harrison (footballer, born 1967)"
Wayne Harrison (footballer, born 1967) Wayne Harrison (15 November 1967 – 25 December 2013) was an English professional footballer who played as a striker. He is most famous for his record-breaking transfer from Oldham Athletic to Liverpool, where he became the world's most expensive 17-year-old, but his time at Anfield was blighted by a succession of injuries which eventually forced him to retire aged just 23. Born in Stockport, Harrison grew up a fan of Liverpool, and his heroes were Kenny Dalglish and Kevin Keegan. After starting his career with Oldham Athletic, he later progressed to the first team, becoming

Wayne Rooney Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club D.C. United. He has played much of his career as a forward, and he has also been used in various midfield roles. He is the record goalscorer for the England national team and for Manchester United. At club level, he has won every honour available in English, European and Continental football, with the exception of the European Super Cup. Along with Michael Carrick, he is the only English player to win the Premier League, FA Cup, UEFA Champions League,

Stan Collymore Stanley Victor Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer who played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He held the English transfer record when he moved from Nottingham Forest to Liverpool for £8.5 million in 1995 and was capped three times at senior level by the England national football team. He is currently a football pundit. Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire to a Barbadian father and English mother.. As a young boy he supported Aston Villa. A centre forward, Collymore played junior football for Cannock Peelers and Penkridge Juniors before starting his career

"Occupation of the Ruhr"
Occupation of the Ruhr The Occupation of the Ruhr () was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925. The occupation was a response to the Weimar Republic widely and regularly defaulting on reparation payments in the early 1920s. The total reparation sum of £6.6 billion had been dictated by the Triple Entente in 1921 in the Treaty of Versailles, and the reparation payments were due to last several decades. The Ruhr region had been occupied by Allied troops in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, during the

"Battle of Passchendaele"
of the southern provinces of the Netherlands in 1830. The German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914, in violation of Article VII of the treaty, was the British ""casus belli"" against Germany. British military operations in Belgium began with the arrival of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons on 22 August. Operations in Flanders began during the Race to the Sea, reciprocal attempts by the French and German armies to turn their opponents' northern flank, through Picardy, Artois and Flanders. On 10 October, Lieutenant-General Erich von Falkenhayn, the Chief of Staff of the ""Oberste Heeresleitung"" (""OHL"", supreme army

"Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine"
On 21 September 1944, the advance began. The 4th Canadian Armoured Division, moving north toward the south shore of the Scheldt around the Dutch town of Breskens were the first Allied troops to face the formidable obstacle of the double line of the Leopold and Dérivation de la Lys Canals. The canals were crossed and a bridgehead established, but fierce counter-attacks by the Germans forced them to withdraw with heavy casualties. The 1st Polish Armoured Division had greater success, moving northeast to the coast, occupying Terneuzen and clearing the south bank of the Scheldt eastward to Antwerp. It was by

"Crossing of the Rhine"
Crossing of the Rhine The crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of barbarians which included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on 31 December 406. The crossing transgressed one of the Late Roman Empire's most secure ""limites"" or boundaries and so it was a climactic moment in the decline of the Empire. It initiated a wave of destruction of Roman cities and the collapse of Roman civic order in northern Gaul. That, in turn, occasioned the rise of three usurpers in succession in the province of Britannia. Therefore, the crossing of the Rhine is

this operation also included further fighting in the Hurtgen Forest. The offensive commenced on 16 November with one of the heaviest tactical air bombardments by the western Allies of the war. Although the German forces were heavily outnumbered, the Allied advance was very slow. After four weeks of intensive fighting, the Allies reached the Roer, but were not able to establish any bridgeheads over it. Fighting in the Hurtgen Forest also bogged down. The exhaustive fighting during ""Queen"" caused the Allied troops to suffer heavy casualties, and eventually the Germans launched their own counteroffensive—Operation ""Wacht am Rhein""—on 16 December, which

"Battle of the Scheldt"
Battle of the Scheldt The Battle of the Scheldt in World War II was a series of military operations by Canadian, British and Polish formations to open up the shipping route to Antwerp so that its port could be used to supply the Allies in north-west Europe. Led by Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds, the battle took place in northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands from October 2 to November 8, 1944. The well-established Wehrmacht defenders staged an effective delaying action, during which the Germans flooded land areas in the Scheldt Estuary, slowing the Allied advance. After five weeks of difficult fighting, the

complete. The final phase, Operation ""Infatuate"" was the attack on the heavily fortified island of Walcheren at the mouth of the West Scheldt. The island's dykes were breached by attacks from RAF Bomber Command on 3, 7, and 11 October. This flooded the central part of the island, forcing the German defenders onto the high ground and allowing the use of amphibious vehicles. Units of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division attacked the causeway on 31 October, and after a grim struggle, established a precarious foothold. They were relieved by a battalion of the British 52nd Division. In conjunction with the

world into another world war. Initiated by French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré, the invasion took place on 11 January 1923. General Alphonse Caron’s 32nd infantry corps under the supervision of General Jean-Marie Degoutte carried out the operation. Following France's decision to invade the Ruhr, the Inter-Allied Mission for Control of Factories and Mines (MICUM) was set up as a means of ensuring coal repayments from Germany. The occupation was greeted by a campaign of passive resistance. Approximately 130 German civilians were killed by the French occupation army during the events, including during civil disobedience protests, e.g. against dismissal of German

"German invasion of Belgium"
all its splendour, had feet of clay"". In 2007, Foley called the neutralisation of the Belgian defences at Liège sufficient to enable the German right wing to squeeze through, a small bump in the road for the Germans, who had mobilised in two weeks and were ready to invade France by 20 August. The Battle of Haelen was fought by mounted and dismounted cavalry and other forces on 12 August 1914 between German forces, led by Georg von der Marwitz and Belgian forces, led by Léon de Witte. To block a German advance towards Hasselt and Diest, the Cavalry Division

Canadian First Army, advancing from the Nijmegen area in Operation Veritable, and the U.S. Ninth Army, crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade, was planned to start on 8 February 1945, but it was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the floodgates of two dams on the upper Roer (Rur Dam and Urft Dam). During the two weeks that the little river was flooded, Hitler did not allow Rundstedt to withdraw German forces behind the Rhine, arguing that it would only delay the inevitable fight. Hitler ordered him to fight where his forces stood.

for ESPN, although Salters will still be on MNF. McDonough will be replaced by Joe Tessitore, who has done work for ESPN as a College Football announcer, like McDonough, while Jason Witten, who would end up retiring after this season, will replace Gruden, with Booger McFarland, being added as a field analyst. 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game.

2018 NFL season The 2018 NFL season is the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 6, 2018, with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2018 NFL League year and trading period began on March 14. On March 9, clubs were allowed to exercise options for 2018 on players who have option clauses in their contracts, submit qualifying offers

on April 27–29 in Philadelphia. The Cleveland Browns selected Myles Garrett with the first overall pick. Training camps for the 2017 season were held in late July through August. Teams started training camp no earlier than 15 days before the team's first scheduled preseason game. Prior to the start of the regular season, each team played four preseason exhibition games, beginning on August 10. The preseason began on the evening of August 3 with the 2017 Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, that featured the Dallas Cowboys (represented in the 2017 Hall of Fame Class by owner Jerry Jones) who

County Coliseum through at least the 2018 season (with the 2019 season to be determined) while Las Vegas Stadium is built, with the team moving to Nevada in 2019 or 2020. The Los Angeles Rams, who had capped season ticket sales at 55,000 for the 2017 season, announced to have 60,128 spectators in the first home game on week 1. However, reports estimate that spectators only filled a third of the 93,607 seats of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Los Angeles Chargers did not sell out their week 2 game at the StubHub Center, which was never expanded to

hosted Arizona Cardinals (represented by former quarterback and 2017 Hall of Famer Kurt Warner). It was televised nationally on NBC. The 64-game preseason schedule ended on August 31; a 65th game, that of the 2017 Texas Governor's Cup, was canceled due to the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. The 2017 regular season's 256 games which were played over a 17-week schedule which began on September 7. Each of the league's 32 teams plays a 16-game schedule, with one bye week for each team. The slate also features games on Monday nights. There are games played on Thursday, including the National Football

play-by-play announcer in 2017, became the show's studio host from Stamford, Connecticut, with Liam McHugh moving into Tirico's former role. Dan Patrick, who had been the studio host for ""FNiA"" since 2008, declined to sign a long-term contract and left NBC. On radio, Kurt Warner will replace Boomer Esiason as the color commentator for Westwood One's ""Monday Night Football"" broadcasts, after Esiason had filled the role for the previous 18 years. Esiason will continue as a studio host for CBS. In a surprise announcement made two days before its first game, Amazon announced it would provide its own broadcast team

the weekend of January 12–13. The winners of those games will advance to the Conference Championship games on January 20. (In the event that both Los Angeles teams advance to their respective conference championships with both as the home team, one of the two games will be postponed to the evening of January 21.) The 2019 Pro Bowl will be held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 27 and will be broadcast on ESPN and ABC. Super Bowl LIII will be held on February 3 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, on CBS. Note:"" Scenarios involving ties are

"Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story"
at All)"", ""Beautiful Ride"" and ""Hole in My Pants"". Charlie Wadhams wrote the song ""Let's Duet"". Marshall Crenshaw wrote the title song, and Van Dyke Parks penned the Brian Wilson-esque 1960s-styled psychedelic jam ""Black Sheep"" (the recording session seems to be a specific parody of Wilson's ""Smile"" album sessions, on which Van Dyke Parks worked). Antonio Ortiz wrote ""Take My Hand"". A number of critics noted the unusually high quality of many of the individual songs on the soundtrack, how well they reflected the styles and times they were attempting to parody, and how well they stood on their own

"Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (soundtrack)"
Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (soundtrack) Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2007 film """". The cast and crew recorded 40 original songs; 33 are featured in the movie. Singer-songwriter Dan Bern and Mike Viola (of the Candy Butchers) wrote most of the film's songs, including ""There's a Change A' Happenin'"", ""The Mulatto Song"" and ""Hole in My Pants"". Marshall Crenshaw wrote the title tune and Van Dyke Parks penned one of the 1960-styled psychedelic jams, ""Black Sheep"". Singer Angela Correa provides the voice of Darlene Madison Cox (played

the lives and careers of Roy Orbison, Glen Campbell, Bob Dylan, Ray Charles, Jerry Lee Lewis, Donovan, John Lennon, James Brown, Jim Morrison, Conway Twitty, Neil Diamond, Hank Williams, and Brian Wilson. The film portrays fictional versions of artists Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper, Elvis Presley, and The Beatles; also, some artists play themselves, including Eddie Vedder and Ghostface Killah. In addition, the film parodies or pays tribute to the musical styles of Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Billy Joel, Van Dyke Parks with Brian Wilson, and the seventies punk rock movement. The film was released in North America on December

continues to do so every time he finds Sam with a new drug. His attitude and drug problems cause him to become unfaithful to Edith. Dewey's father then returns to inform Dewey that Dewey's mother has died while dancing to Dewey's song on the radio. Pa manages to make Dewey feel responsible for her death, contributing to an already high level of inner turmoil. Dewey is then introduced to cocaine, which leads to a change in his music to a louder, ""Punk rock"" type. With the addition of backup singer Darlene Madison, Dewey produces several more hit records. However, they

fellow director Judd Apatow. They then began writing the film together. The tongue-in-cheek references in this fake biopic were drawn from various sources. Apatow and Kasdan noted that they watched various types of biopics for inspiration, including those of Jimi Hendrix and Marilyn Monroe. Despite the humorous approach, the film was crafted in the serious tone of films earmarked for an Oscar, adding to the irony. John C. Reilly, who actually sings and plays guitar, was chosen to play the title role. ""We took the clichés of movie biopics and just had fun with them,"" Reilly said. The ""deliberate miscasting""

full support behind him. Dewey reunites with his band and he is finally able to fulfill his dream of creating one great masterpiece that sums up his entire life with his final song, ""Beautiful Ride"". The ghost of his family listens to his song. A title card reveals that Dewey died three minutes after this final performance. After the credits roll, a short black-and-white clip purporting to be ""The actual Dewey Cox, April 16, 2002"" is played. (The real Cox is again played by Reilly, but using a more gravelly voice.) Jake Kasdan brought the idea to his friend and

butter and a candle. There, he meets a blues guitarist, who lets Dewey play his guitar. Dewey is a natural. In 1953, after a successful and controversial talent show performance, then 14-year-old Dewey decides to leave Springberry with his 12-year-old girlfriend, Edith. They soon marry, have sex, and have a baby after 8.7 months. While working at an all-African American nightclub, Dewey gets a break when he replaces singer Bobby Shad at the last minute and impresses the Hasidic Jewish record executives attending the show that evening. Dewey then is brought to the studio where he is interrupted while recording

as quality compositions. The soundtrack was nominated for both a Grammy and Golden Globe Award and was nominated and won the Sierra Award for Best Song in a Motion Picture from the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. John C. Reilly sang on all the tracks and played guitar on most of them. Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story is a 2007 American comedy film directed by Jake Kasdan, and written by Kasdan and co-producer Judd Apatow. It stars John C. Reilly, Jenna Fischer, Tim Meadows and Kristen Wiig. The plot echoes the storyline of

and Blu-ray on April 8, 2008. In the opening weekend, 263,001 DVD units were sold, generating revenue of $5,110,109. As of May 2010, DVD sales have gathered revenue of $15,664,735. Along with a backing band ""the hardwalkers"", Reilly made seven musical appearances as Dewey Cox in the weeks prior to the film's release date. Several fake commercials were aired including one with John Mayer, hinting Dewey might be his father. Singer-songwriters Dan Bern and Mike Viola (of the Candy Butchers) wrote most of the film's songs, including ""There's a Change a Happenin'"", ""Mulatto"", ""A Life Without You (Is No Life

of celebrity cameos, such as Elvis Presley and The Beatles, was intended to enhance the comedy. The movie's poster is a reference to the ""young lion"" photos of Jim Morrison. The film was praised by notable critics, including Roger Ebert (who gave the film 3 out of 4 stars), receiving 74% positive reviews at Rotten Tomatoes, classifying it as ""certified fresh"". The movie, however, was not commercially successful, taking $18 million at the US box office which was less than the film's budget. John C. Reilly received a Golden Globe nomination for his role. The film was released on DVD

"2017 American League Division Series"
of the series. The Yankees clinched the ALDS when Chapman struck out Jackson, and completed the series comeback, becoming just the seventh team to come back from a 2–0 deficit in a division series since the wild-card format was introduced in 1995. The Yankees previously accomplished this feat in 2001 against the Oakland Athletics. They are also just the second team to do it twice in the Division Series after the Boston Red Sox, who accomplished this in 1999 (also against the Indians) and 2003 (also against the Athletics). 2017 ALDS (3–2): New York Yankees defeated Cleveland Indians. This was

regular season. The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25 and ended the season with a 104–58 record. They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs as the overall #1 seed. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the 4th-seeded Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and then defeated the number 3 seed and defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games. This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth

only previous LCS win came in the 2005 National League Championship Series; they lost in 1980, 1986, and 2004. They are also the first AL West team to make it to the ALCS since 2011. The Yankees upset the heavily-favored Cleveland Indians 3–2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year

Ken Giles pitched a scoreless ninth as the Astros forced the first LCS Game 7 in either league since 2012. This was Houston's second ever win in a game facing elimination in a postseason series, the first being the 2015 American League Wild Card Game. In the winner-take-all game to decide the AL pennant winner, Aaron Judge made a leaping catch to rob Yuli Gurriel of a solo homer in the bottom of the second inning. CC Sabathia allowed the first run of the game on a home run to Evan Gattis in the fourth. Tommy Kahnle entered the game

in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS. This was the second postseason match-up between these two teams, with the Astros defeating the Yankees in the 2015 American League Wild Card Game at Yankee Stadium. This was also the first ALCS to not feature any American League Central Division teams since 2010. In a pitcher's duel, Dallas Keuchel and Masahiro Tanaka allowed no runs through the first three innings before the Astros scored in the bottom of the fourth. José Altuve hit an infield single and stole second base, before Carlos Correa drove him in with

"San Juan Mountains"
San Juan Mountains The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and Telluride. Large scale mining has ended in the region, although independent prospectors still work claims throughout the range. The last large scale mines were the Sunnyside Mine near Silverton, which operated until late in the 20th century and the Idarado Mine

percent of Colorado voters. The new association consolidated the power of thirty-six mining properties in San Miguel, Ouray, and San Juan counties. The SJDMA refused to consider any reduction in hours or increase in wages, helping to provoke a bitter strike. San Juan Mountains The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and

the San Juans. Tourism is now a major part of the regional economy, with the narrow gauge railway between Durango and Silverton being an attraction in the summer. Jeeping is popular on the old trails which linked the historic mining camps, including the notorious Black Bear Road. Visiting old ghost towns is popular, as is wilderness trekking and mountain climbing. Many of the old mining camps are now popular sites of summer homes. Though the San Juans are extremely steep and receive a lot of snow, so far only Telluride has made the transition to a major ski resort. Purgatory

"San Antonio Mountain (New Mexico)"
San Antonio Mountain (New Mexico) San Antonio Mountain is a free-standing volcanic peak in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. With an elevation of 10,908 feet, San Antonio Mountain is the highest peak within the Taos Plateau volcanic field, the largest volcanic field within the Rio Grande Rift valley. The mountain lies just outside a northwest boundary of the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument. It lies within the Carson National Forest and is administered by the U.S. Forest Service rather than the Bureau of Land Management. It is called ""Bear Mountain"" by Tewa-speaking peoples in the Rio Grande valley, and

Resort, once known as Durango Mountain Resort, is a small ski area 26 miles north of Durango. There is also skiing on Wolf Creek Pass at the Wolf Creek ski area. Recently Silverton Mountain ski area has begun operation near Silverton. The Rio Grande drains the east side of the range. The other side of the San Juans, the western slope of the continental divide, is drained by tributaries of the San Juan, Dolores and Gunnison rivers, which all flow into the Colorado River. The San Juan and Uncompahgre National Forests cover a large portion of the San Juan Mountains.

"Mazatzal Mountains"
mountain and landmark of the eastern Phoenix area. The Mazatzal Wilderness Area protects of the Tonto and Coconino National forests. Established in 1940 and expanded to its present size in 1984, elevations range from at Sheep Bridge in the southwest to on Mazatzal Peak. The eastern side of the wilderness consists of brush- or pine-covered mountains, sometimes broken by narrow, vertical-walled canyons. On its west side below the steep brush-covered foothills, the Verde River flows through the Sonoran Desert. The Verde was designated by the U.S. Congress as Arizona's one of the two Wild and Scenic Rivers in 1984. At

is known as the mountain of the north in their cosmology. San Antonio Mountain is one of several volcanic peaks within the 7000 square kilometer Taos Plateau volcanic field, a region of tectonic uplift within the Rio Grande rift valley. Other nearby peaks include Ute Mountain (10,082 feet), Cerro de la Olla (9,475 feet), Cerro del Aire (9,023 feet), and Cerro Montoso (8,655 feet). San Antonio Mountain is both the highest peak in the region and possesses the greatest relief, but it is shorter than the highest peaks in the surrounding ranges: Grouse Mesa (11,403 feet) in the Tusas Mountains

"Caballo Mountains"
Caballo Mountains The Caballo Mountains, (Spanish: ""horse"") are a mountain range located in Sierra and Doña Ana Counties, New Mexico, United States. The range is located east of the Rio Grande and Caballo Lake, and west of the Jornada del Muerto; the south of the range extends into northwest Doña Ana County. The nearest towns are Truth or Consequences and Hatch. Most of the Caballo Mountains are located on land owned by the Bureau of Land Management. The mountains are unusual, and perhaps unique in New Mexico, for the relatively complete geologic history revealed by their rocks. Vehicular access to

on Red Mountain Pass that closed down in the 1970s. Famous old San Juan mines include the Camp Bird and Smuggler Union mines, both located between Telluride and Ouray. The Summitville mine was the scene of a major environmental disaster in the 1990s when the liner of a cyanide-laced tailing pond began leaking heavily. Summitville is in the Summitville caldera, one of many extinct volcanoes making up the San Juan volcanic field. One, La Garita Caldera, is in diameter. Large beds of lava, some extending under the floor of the San Luis Valley, are characteristic of the eastern slope of

"Sierra San Antonio"
Sierra San Antonio The Sierra San Antonio is a mountain range in southernmost Arizona state (U.S.) and northern Sonora state (México). The approximately long range is the southern section of the Patagonia Mountains, beginning in the U.S.-Mexico border area, and descending to lower elevations in México. The range is named after the Roman Catholic Saint Antonio. The Sierra La Esmeralda, northernmost range of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera, begins south of the Sierra San Antonio. Two miles (3.2 km) north of the border and the Sierra San Antonio is Mount Washington at 7,221 ft (2,201 m), the highest peak of

"2017 Grand National"
for the first time. There was live radio coverage by BBC Radio, which has held the radio rights since 1927, and by Talksport, which covered the main race live for the fourth time. The race was won by One For Arthur, only the second horse trained in Scotland to win the Grand National (the other being Rubstic in 1979). One For Arthur was ridden by Derek Fox and trained by Lucinda Russell, and was sent off at odds of . A total of 110 entries were received for consideration in the 2017 Grand National and were announced on 1 February

terrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by ITV. This was the first year that ITV broadcast the race live, following the decision by Channel 4 to drop the event and horse racing in general in 2016. The coverage was led by Ed Chamberlin. Retired champion jockey Sir Anthony McCoy and Mick Fitzgerald provided expert opinions throughout the coverage, with reports from Brough Scott, Luke Harvey, Oli Bell and Alice Plunkett and betting updates by Matt Chapman. The commentary team was Mark Johnson, Ian Bartlett and Richard Hoiles, who called the winner home for the

6 April, including four reserves in case of any withdrawals before 1 pm on 7 April. One of the top 40 horses going into the confirmation stage (Pendra) withdrew. There were no further withdrawals before the deadline, leaving the following 40 starters: Two false starts occurred before the race could get underway, the first caused by several horses running off too keenly and the second by The Young Master and Raz de Maree jumping the gun from a standing start. When the race eventually began properly, the 50/1 outsider Roi Des Francs led the field on the first circuit with

2017. Among the early favourites were Don Poli, who won three Grade 1 races in the 2015–16 season, and 2016 National runner-up The Last Samuri. The 2015 winner, Many Clouds, who was also among the ante-post favourites, died of a pulmonary haemorrhage shortly before the entries were announced. The weights were announced on 14 February and headed by Lexus Chase winner Outlander, however, trainer Gordon Elliott indicated that he would not run. The top five weighted horses were all Irish-trained, including three by Elliott. One runner (Otago Trail) was scratched before the weights were assigned. Ninety-five entries remained after the

Rogue Angel and Highland Lodge also prominent. The 10/1 second-favourite Definitly Red was pulled up at Valentine's, whilst Saphir Du Rheu fell at the 11th. As the horses rounded the turn to begin the second circuit, Roi Des Francs was carried out by a loose horse and rejoined the field in mid-division, leaving Rogue Angel as the new leader. Saint Are, Blaklion and Vieux Lion Rouge remained close behind the leaders. With five fences remaining, the 8/1 favourite Blaklion moved up to challenge Rogue Angel for the lead, with Saint Are going third and Cause of Causes coming into contention.

"2017 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe"
stable. The stable jockey Ryan Moore opted to ride the filly Winter (1000 Guineas, Irish 1000 Guineas, Coronation Stakes, Nassau Stakes) but the betting market preferred the outstanding stayer Order of St George who had finished third in the race in 2016. The other three O'Brien runners were Capri (Irish Derby, St Leger), Seventh Heaven and Idaho. None of the seven French-trained horses were particularly well-fancied: the best of the ""home team"" appeared to be Brametot, who had won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and Prix du Jockey Club earlier in the year and the four-year-old Cloth of Stars (Prix

"2016 Grand National"
opinions throughout the coverage, with reports from Mick Fitzgerald and Alice Plunkett and betting updates by Tanya Stevenson and Brian Gleeson. The commentary team was by Richard Hoiles, Ian Bartlett and Simon Holt, who called the winner home for the final time. After the race, Luck, Fitzgerald and McCoy provided viewers with a fence-by-fence analysis of the race. Channel 4 ran all-day coverage from Aintree on the day of the race, with extended editions of ""The Morning Line"" and ""Weekend Brunch"" airing prior to the main broadcast. The coverage of the race was watched by 10 million viewers, an increase

finish line four-and-a-half lengths ahead of Cause of Causes in second, with three-and-a-half lengths back to Saint Are who ran on well to clinch third by half-a-length from Blaklion. There were no fatalities and all 40 runners returned safely to the stables. The 19 horses to complete the course finished as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follows: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air

first scratching deadline on 28 February. Elliott, who had earlier expressed his dissatisfaction with the weights assigned to his horses, withdrew several of his entries, including Outlander, Empire of Dirt and Don Poli, leaving Carlingford Lough as the new top weight. Vieux Lion Rouge, who won the Grand National Trial at Haydock, was now the favourite with the bookmakers, at 12/1. The field was reduced to 79 following the second scratching deadline on 21 March. The five-day confirmation process began on 3 April with 70 horses advancing, following the withdrawal of top-weight Carlingford Lough. The final field was announced on

in third. Gilgamboa finished another two lengths behind in fourth, ahead of Goonyella, Ucello Conti, Vieux Lion Rouge, Morning Assembly and Shutthefrontdoor. Many Clouds was the last of the 16 finishers. All 39 runners returned to the stables with no major concerns. However, over the three days of the Grand National Festival a total of five horses died from injuries sustained during racing. The sixteen horses to complete the course finished as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follow: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom

"The Dukes of Hazzard (film)"
The Dukes of Hazzard (film) The Dukes of Hazzard is a 2005 American buddy comedy road film based on the television series, ""The Dukes of Hazzard"". The film was directed by Jay Chandrasekhar and released on August 5, 2005, by Warner Bros. Pictures. As in the television series, the film depicts the adventures of cousins Bo, Luke, and Daisy, and their Uncle Jesse, as they outfox crooked Hazzard County Commissioner Boss Hogg and Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane. The film was the acting debut of pop singer Jessica Simpson. While financially successful, the film met with negative reviews from critics. The

in the original series, filed suit in late July 2011 over royalties he was contracted to receive over spinoffs that ""used his identity"". Ben Jones, who played Cooter Davenport in the original series, criticized the film for its emphasis on sexual content, suggesting that the original series was more family-oriented and not as sexualized. He called for fans of the television series to boycott the film ""unless they clean it up before the August 5th release date."" Some have countered that the original series also contained sexual themes, primarily Catherine Bach's (Daisy Duke) much-displayed ""short shorts"" (which have become so

"Daisy Duke"
Daisy Duke for a poster, which sold 5 million copies. The poster created unexpected admiration from Nancy Reagan and other staff after Bach visited, then sent a copy to one of her former schoolteachers employed in the White House. In the 2005 feature film ""The Dukes of Hazzard"", Daisy Duke is portrayed by Jessica Simpson. Film critics commended Simpson on her performance, but claimed that her portrayal had little in common with the character Catherine Bach created, and that she was merely cast because of her celebrity status. Daisy's costume was slightly modified for the film to make her more

"Catherine Bach"
Catherine Bach Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" and Margo Dutton in ""African Skies"". In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"" as Anita Lawson. Bach was born in Warren, Ohio, the daughter of Norma Jean Kucera (née Verdugo), an acupuncturist, and Bernard Bachman, a rancher. Her mother was of Mexican descent and her father was of German ancestry. She is descended from the Verdugo family, one of California's earliest landed

of Nancy Sinatra's ""These Boots Are Made For Walkin'"". The film was nominated for two MTV Movie Awards, including Best On-Screen Team (Johnny Knoxville, Seann William Scott, and Jessica Simpson), and Sexiest Performance (Jessica Simpson). Simpson won the Choice Breakout Female award for her role in the film at the Teen Choice Awards. Before the release of this film, Warner Bros. reportedly paid $17.5 million to the producer of ""Moonrunners"", the movie that inspired the television series. This was soon followed by a claim from screenwriter Gy Waldron. ""The Hollywood Reporter"" reported that James Best, who portrayed Rosco P. Coltrane

Restless"" in the recurring role of Anita Lawson. In 2002, Bach launched a line of diamond jewelery at Debenhams. Bach married David Shaw (step-son of Angela Lansbury) in 1976; the couple divorced in 1981. Bach married entertainment lawyer Peter Lopez in August 1990. They had two daughters, Sophia and Laura. On April 30, 2010, 60-year-old Lopez was found shot dead in an apparent suicide. Catherine Bach Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" and Margo Dutton in ""African Skies"". In

General Lee when they are caught by Luke's other love-interest Laurie Pullman from the introduction of the film, who proceeds to chase them with a shotgun as they drive away. All five members of the comedy film troupe Broken Lizard make appearances in the film, classified as cameos, except for Kevin Heffernan, who had a larger speaking role (Sheev). Tom Wopat, John Schneider, and Catherine Bach - who starred together in the TV series - were offered walk-on roles in the movie. All three passed, because they hated the script. Knoxville said he was initially reluctant to take on the

"Georgia King"
also performed in ""One Night in November"" at the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry, from October to November 2010, as well as being featured in the 2011 film ""Chalet Girl"". She appeared as Princess Elena in the episode ""The Changeling"" of the third series of the BBC's ""Merlin"". She appeared in the comedy horror film ""Cockneys vs Zombies"" as a bank robbery hostage trying to escape from a zombie-infested London. King also appeared as series regular Amanda Snodgrass across both seasons in the 2016/2017 HBO comedy ""Vice Principals"". Georgia King Georgia May King (born 18 November 1986) is an English actress.

"Daisy Buchanan"
the beauty, the bearing, the dream qualities desired for the part, but she lucidly portrays the desperate tear Daisy feels between her unquestionable love for Gatsby and fear of her husband."" Tricia Paoluccio portrayed Daisy in the ""American Masters"" episode ""Novel Reflections: The American Dream"". Starting in 2006, in the Simon Levy version of the play, Daisy was portrayed by Heidi Armbruster, who according to Quinton Skinner, ""is full of loony momentary enthusiasms and a dangerous sensuality, though by the second act, Armbruster’s perf veers toward hollow mannerisms."" Daisy was portrayed by Monte McGrath in the 2012 version of the

"Alice Greczyn"
Alice Greczyn Alice Hannah Meiqui Greczyn (born February 6, 1986) is an American actress and model best known for roles in the films ""The Dukes of Hazzard"", ""Shrooms"", ""House of Fears"" and ""Sex Drive"". She is also well known as Sage Lund in ""Lincoln Heights"", and as Madeline ""Mads"" Rybak in ""The Lying Game"". Greczyn was born in Walnut Creek, California and lives in Hollywood, California. She is the oldest of five children. As a child, Greczyn competed in figure skating. She was home-schooled in Colorado, graduated early from high school, and started taking classes at Front Range Community College

"Drake & Josh"
on the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. Both of them were published by THQ and released in the same year. A book series based on ""Drake & Josh"" has been published by children's publisher Scholastic since 2006. The books are written by author Laurie McElroy. Drake & Josh Drake & Josh is an American television sitcom created by Dan Schneider for Nickelodeon. The series follows stepbrothers Drake Parker (Drake Bell) and Josh Nichols (Josh Peck) as they live together despite having opposite personalities. The series also stars Miranda Cosgrove, Nancy Sullivan, and Jonathan Goldstein. After actors Bell and Peck

"Drake Bell"
Artist Award twice, once in 2000 for his role in ""The Jack Bull"", in which he won, and another time in 2006 for ""Yours, Mine and Ours"". He has won 10 Kids Choice Awards, 3 in the United States and 5 internationally for his role as Drake Parker on ""Drake & Josh"". He also won a Kids Choice Award in 2007 in the United Kingdom for Best Male Singer, winning over Justin Timberlake. He was also nominated for Best TV Actor, but lost to Nat Wolff. Bell has also won a Teen Choice Award in 2008 for his role as

Drake & Josh Drake & Josh is an American television sitcom created by Dan Schneider for Nickelodeon. The series follows stepbrothers Drake Parker (Drake Bell) and Josh Nichols (Josh Peck) as they live together despite having opposite personalities. The series also stars Miranda Cosgrove, Nancy Sullivan, and Jonathan Goldstein. After actors Bell and Peck previously appeared in ""The Amanda Show"", Schneider decided to create ""Drake & Josh"" with them in starring roles. The series ran from January 11, 2004, to September 16, 2007, totaling 56 episodes in 4 seasons. It also had three TV films: ""Drake & Josh Go Hollywood""

"Josh Peck"
In June 2017, Peck married his longtime girlfriend, Paige O'Brien. In August 2018, the couple announced they were expecting their first child. Josh Peck Joshua Michael Peck (born November 10, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and YouTube personality. He is best known for playing Josh Nichols in the Nickelodeon live-action sitcom ""Drake & Josh"". He began his career as a child actor in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and became known to young audiences after his role on ""The Amanda Show"". He has since acted in films such as ""Mean Creek"", ""Drillbit Taylor"", ""The Wackness"", ""ATM"",

"Jonathan Goldstein (actor)"
founding member of Los Angeles's Sacred Fools Theater Company and served as one of its Artistic Directors during the theater's inaugural season. In recent years, Goldstein has taken to traveling to Bowling Green, Kentucky during the summer to direct amateur youth theatre. So far, he has directed local productions of ""Romeo and Juliet"", ""Pride and Prejudice"", and ""The Crucible"". Jonathan Goldstein (actor) Jonathan Goldstein (born December 4, 1964) is an American actor, director and musician best known for his role as Walter Nichols in the Nickelodeon sitcom ""Drake & Josh"" (2004–2007). Some of his other television credits include ""The Riches"",

"Drake & Josh Go Hollywood"
out his conversation. He and his step-brother, Drake Parker's (Drake Bell) parents Audrey and Walter (Nancy Sullivan, Jonathan Goldstein) are to take a ten-day cruise to Acapulco, during which Megan will stay at a friend’s house in Denver. Josh begins to write a story about his greatest adventure for his class but is unable to recall one, concluding that he has a boring life. Meanwhile, Drake's band manager let a great gig slip through his fingers, and Drake and his band then have to perform at the ""B'Nai Shalom Home for The Elderly."" Drake, enraged, fires his current manager and

"Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh"
caught and arrested. Drake and Josh are sent to court, with Helen acting as their lawyer. She informs Judge Newman (Henry Winkler) of Drake's promise to Mary Alice, who decides that they will not be sent to jail as long as they fulfill it. Afterwards, they meet their cruel and embittered parole officer Perry Gilbert (David Pressman), who says that he will hold a vote with Mary Alice's family asking if they had the best Christmas ever. If any of them say ""no"", they will go to jail. The duo soon meet Mary Alice's foster family, which include frequently feuding

Josh Peck Joshua Michael Peck (born November 10, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and YouTube personality. He is best known for playing Josh Nichols in the Nickelodeon live-action sitcom ""Drake & Josh"". He began his career as a child actor in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and became known to young audiences after his role on ""The Amanda Show"". He has since acted in films such as ""Mean Creek"", ""Drillbit Taylor"", ""The Wackness"", ""ATM"", and ""Red Dawn"", along with voicing Eddie in the ""Ice Age"" franchise. He also starred as Gerald in a lead role with

"J. B. Adams"
J. B. Adams J.B. Adams (born September 29, 1954) is an American character stage and film actor, director, and singer. He has credits in film, television and, most notably, musical theatre. Originally from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, he attended Oklahoma City University, where he studied voice, piano, opera, and musical theatre, after which he became a New York-based Broadway actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the Broadway productions of ""Beauty and the Beast"" (as Maurice, the father), ""Annie"" (as Rooster/Drake/Bert Healy/FDR), ""Parade"" (as Luther Rosser), ""Me And My Girl"" (as Sir Jasper), and ""Chitty Chitty Bang Bang""

"Page Kennedy"
the box office smash ""The Meg"" alongside Jason Statham, Ruby Rose, and Rainn Wilson. Kennedy resides in Los Angeles, California where he lives with his girlfriend Christina Penland. He has a three sons, a daughter, and one grandchild. Kennedy is well known for both his YouTube and Vine channels, where he posts short comedy videos. He coined the term ""That's So Drake"", referring to moments where male entertainers act flamboyantly without intending to. He discusses these moments on his YouTube Channel. Page Kennedy Page Kennedy (born November 23, 1976) is an American actor, comedian and rapper. He is best known

"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom"
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK government's Office of Communications (Ofcom). For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the ""National Telephone Numbering Plan"", which is the system for assigning telephone numbers to subscriber stations. The numbers are of variable length. Local numbers are supported from land-lines, or numbers can be dialled with a '0'-lead prefix that denotes either a geographical region or another service. Cell phone numbers have their own prefixes which are not geographical and are completely portable between providers. Since 28 April 2001,

were introduced on 80X1 codes. Some mobile operators allocate other services to 123—such as customer services or voicemail etc. Short codes beginning with 1 are reserved for telecom service providers' own functionality; some of the most well-known are codes for use with Caller Display: Many fixed line telephone subscribers, e.g. of BT, Virgin Media, SkyTalk, TalkTalk, and PlusNet, have the opportunity to use an automated messaging service which takes messages when the called number is either engaged (""busy"") or not answered within a given time. This can be accessed by calling 1571. For fixed line users, it is possible to

"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom"
brought into use for a variety of purposes including competitions, recorded information, chat lines and television voting. The BT prefixes 0891 and 0898 became well-known, but a wide variety of other prefixes were also used including 0338, 0660, 0890 and 0991. From July 1998, numbers starting with 090 were progressively made available for all new premium-rate services. Initially, these were further subdivided by type: 0909 was for adult services, while 0907 was intended to be used as a pay-for-product range. A year later, on 1 July 1999, the promotion of services using older premium rate prefixes not starting with 090

are: 0300, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0306, 0330, 0331, 0332, 0333, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0370, 0371 and 0372. While all 03 numbers operate the same way, some sub-ranges have restrictions on their use. These are the non-geographic numbers starting 084, 087 and 09. They are also known as premium rate numbers. Prior to 2015, they were also known as special rate or business rate numbers. These numbers have a two-part charging structure. Call charges consist of a per-minute access charge levied by the caller's own phone company and a service charge or 'premium' paid to the joint benefit of the organisation

initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Two-digit area codes always have eight-digit subscriber numbers and always begin 02. This is the newest geographic number format. It is used for the third tier of large cities and for Northern Ireland, and was formed as a part of the Big Number Change in 2000. The new area code is much shorter than the old one, and begins 02 unlike the previous 01 area codes. Numbers in these five areas are commonly misquoted, e.g. London as 0207 or Cardiff as 02920. The numbers consist of a two-digit area code matching

almost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national (significant) numbers after the ""0"" trunk code. All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national (significant) numbers after the ""0"" trunk code. The overall structure of the UK's National Numbering Plan is: A short sample of geographic numbers, set out in the officially approved (Ofcom) number groups: In the United Kingdom, area codes are two, three, four, or, rarely, five digits long (after the initial zero). Regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number portion has more

"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom"
PhONEday, on 16 April 1995, changed the area code from 0734 to 01734, and then almost a year later, on 8 April 1996, it changed again to (0118). At that time, local numbers were changed from six to seven digits by inserting a 9 in front of the old local number. Parallel running of the old numbering was withdrawn on 9 January 1998. Around this time, some new number ranges were already being allocated and used for mobile phone numbers. These new ranges already fitted into the new numbering scheme of 07xxx xxxxxx. The rest of the older mobile phone

and towns moved to brand-new three-digit area codes. Five of these were moved in 1995 as a part of PhONEday, with Reading then following a year later. At the time of the change, an extra digit was added to the subscriber number. These six areas have a three-digit area code matching the pattern ""11x"", with a seven-digit subscriber number, and this is known as 3+7 format. The first three digits of the local number identifies a small area within the town or city. The former Reading area code had already been changed once, by adding a ""1"" directly after the

in all member states of the European Union. Both 999 and 112 are used to contact all emergency services: Police, Fire Service, Ambulance Service, and Coastguard. (Standard advice for Mountain Rescue or Cave Rescue is to ask the emergency operator for the police, who oversee the communication with these two services.) Both numbers can be called from mobile phones with the keylock on, or without entering the PIN where that would otherwise be required. Although some mobile phones allow emergency calls to be attempted without a SIM card, at present the UK networks reject such calls. Since November 2009, an

5678, 0303 456789, 03873 56789, 0800 445566. The long term plan is for migration to 10 digit numbering in the UK and in 1991 this started with new 0800 numbers being allocated with 10 digits. With multiple operators joining the market, administration was passed to an independent regulator. Oftel took over administration of the UK’s telephone numbers from BT in 1994. On ""PhONEday"", 16 April 1995, the digit ""1"" was inserted into all UK geographic area codes, including those in the director, all-figure dialling, ELNS and mixed areas. Under the new changes, for example, Inner London's 071 became 0171; Outer

"Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine"
Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine The Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine (also known by similar names) is, according to legend, a rich gold mine hidden in the southwestern United States. The location is generally believed to be in the Superstition Mountains, near Apache Junction, east of Phoenix, Arizona. There have been many stories about how to find the mine, and each year people search for the mine. Some have died on the search. The mine is named after German immigrant Jacob Waltz (""c."" 1810–1891), who purportedly discovered it in the 19th century and kept its location a secret. ""Dutchman"" was a common

American term for a ""German"" (""Dutch"" being the English cognate to the German demonym ""Deutsch""). The Lost Dutchman's is perhaps the most famous lost mine in American history. Arizona place-name expert Byrd Granger wrote, as of 1977, the Lost Dutchman's story had been printed or cited at least six times more often than two other fairly well-known tales, the story of Captain Kidd's lost treasure, and the story of the Lost Pegleg mine in California. People have been seeking the Lost Dutchman's mine since at least 1892, while according to one estimate, 8,000 people annually made some effort to locate

members of the Apache tribe are said to have a very rich gold mine located in the Superstition Mountains. Famed Apache Geronimo is sometimes mentioned in relation to this story. In most variants of the story, the family of a man called Miguel Peralta discovered the mine and began mining the gold there, only to be attacked or massacred by Apaches in about 1850 in the supposed Peralta massacre. Years later, a man called Dr. Thorne treats an ailing or wounded Apache (often alleged to be a chieftain) and is rewarded with a trip to a rich gold mine. He

is blindfolded and taken there by a circuitous route, and is allowed to take as much gold ore as he can carry before again being escorted blindfolded from the site by the Apaches. Thorne is said to be either unwilling or unable to relocate the mine. Most likely because Pedro de Peralta had been the Spanish Governor of New Mexico (in the 1600s) his family name of “Peralta” was the inspiration for a number of legends in the American Southwest. James Reavis tried to assert that the Peralta family had a Spanish land grant and a barony granted by the

to behave violently or peacefully. In most versions of the tale, Waltz and/or Weiser located a rich gold mine in the Superstition Mountains (in many versions of the story, they rescue or help a member of the Peralta family and are rewarded by being told the location of the mine). Weiser is attacked and wounded (whether by marauding Apaches or by a greedy Waltz), but survives at least long enough to tell a man called Dr. Walker about the mine. Waltz is also said to make a deathbed confession to Julia Thomas, and draws or describes a crude map to

near the Superstition Mountains. The soldiers are alleged to have presented some of the gold, but to have been killed or to have vanished soon after. This account is usually dated to about 1870. According to Blair, the story may have its roots in the efforts of three U.S. soldiers to locate gold in an area of New Mexico, based on an allegedly true story related to them by Dr. Thorne of New Mexico; see above. Blair cited evidence of the historical Jacob Waltz and suggested that additional evidence supports the core elements of the story – that Waltz claimed

King of Spain, which included a huge swath of Arizona and New Mexico, including the Superstition Mountains. The Peralta Massacre is a legend that Apaches supposedly ambushed a mining expedition the Peralta family sent into the mountains. Some carved stones in the area are referred to as “Peralta Stones” and Spanish text and crude maps on them are considered by some to be clues to the location of a Peralta family gold mine in the Superstition Mountains, although others believe the stones to be modern fakes. A lack of historical records leaves uncertainty as to whether a Peralta family ever

"Lost Dutch Oven Mine"
Lost Dutch Oven Mine One of the most famous lost mines in California is known as the Lost Dutch Oven mine. There are several versions of the story, as is the case with most lost mine legends; perhaps the best known is the one with Tom Schofield, a railroad worker, decided to do some prospecting in his time off. According to this version, while prospecting in the Clipper Mountains, northwest of Essex (in San Bernardino county), he found an old stone house. As the house appeared to be long abandoned, he continued on. Several miles further in his travels he

"Jolly Jack's Lost Mine"
Jolly Jack's Lost Mine Jolly Jack's Lost Mine is a legend about a hidden placer mine supposed to be located in the Boundary Country of British Columbia. The mine has been written about by local historians and various magazines. Many have searched for the lost placer mine of Jolly Jack. It is a local legend in the Boundary Country. A prospector named Jack Thornton had been prospecting many creeks around the city of Greenwood, British Columbia. Jack Thornton was also known as ""Jolly Jack"" and had been in the US Navy at one time. Thornton lived in a cabin located

relatively brief period. As of 1975, ruins of the Peralta mine were standing. However, the Peralta Mine eventually became unprofitable and after the money was gone Miguel Peralta turned to fraud. Dr. George M. Willing Jr. paid Peralta $20,000 for the mining rights for an enormous swath of land – about in southern Arizona and New Mexico – based on a deed originally granted by the Spanish Empire in the 18th century. Trouble came after Willing learned that the deed was entirely bogus. Despite his efforts, Willing was never able to recover the money he gave to Peralta. This land

Hollywood
Hollywood Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California, notable as the home of the U.S. film industry including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people associated with it. Hollywood was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910 and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world. In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera (Nopal field), named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous

Hollywood
the weather was ideal and there was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry in the United States. The mountains, plains and low land prices made Hollywood a good place to establish film studios. Director D. W. Griffith was the first to make a motion picture in Hollywood. His 17-minute short film ""In Old California"" (1910) was filmed for the Biograph Company. Although Hollywood banned movie theaters—of which it had none—before annexation that year, Los Angeles had no such restriction. The first film by a Hollywood studio, Nestor Motion Picture Company, was shot

Hollywood
Branch of the Los Angeles Public Library are in Hollywood. Hollywood Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California, notable as the home of the U.S. film industry including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people associated with it. Hollywood was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910 and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world. In 1853, one adobe hut stood in

Hollywood
on October 26, 1911. The H. J. Whitley home was used as its set, and the unnamed movie was filmed in the middle of their groves at the corner of Whitley Avenue and Hollywood Boulevard. The first studio in Hollywood, the Nestor Company, was established by the New Jersey–based Centaur Company in a roadhouse at 6121 Sunset Boulevard (the corner of Gower), in October 1911. Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO, and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood, as did several minor companies and rental studios. In the 1920s, Hollywood was the fifth-largest industry in the nation.

"Los Angeles in the 1920s"
of influx of a large migrant population. The city's population exploded from 102,000 at the turn of the century, to 577,000 in 1920, and over 1.2 million in 1929. Propelled by the boom, in 1920s, it became the fifth largest city in the US. Petroleum became a major industry with extractions planned from the large reserves of Huntington Beach, Long Beach and Santa Fe Springs. Manufacturing industries boomed and it became the aviation capital of the US and occupied the ninth position among the industrial cities of the country. Eight major Hollywood studios produced 90% of all major movies and

"Film industry"
documented account of an exhibition of projected motion pictures in the United States was in June 1894 in Richmond, Indiana by Charles Francis Jenkins. The first movie studio in the Hollywood area, Nestor Studios, was founded in 1911 by Al Christie for David Horsley in an old building on the northwest corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. In the same year, another fifteen Independents settled in Hollywood. Hollywood came to be so strongly associated with the film industry that the word ""Hollywood"" came to be used colloquially to refer to the entire industry. In 1913 Cecil B. DeMille, in

Los Angeles in the 1920s The 1920s was a prosperous era for Los Angeles, California, U.S., when the name ""Hollywood"" became synonymous with the U.S. film industry and the visual setting of Los Angeles became famous worldwide. Plentiful job openings attracted heavy immigration, especially from the rural Midwest and Mexico. The city's population more than doubled in size from 577,000 to over between 1920 and 1929. An influx of families immigrating from Mexico tripled the city's Mexican population, which reached 97,000 by 1930, and earned the city the nickname, the ""Mexican capital of the United States"". Extensive modernization took place

Thomas Edison, who changed the name of the projector to Edison's Vitascope. Nestor Studios was Hollywood's first movie studio, founded on 27 October 1911. It was built by David Horsley for Nestor Motion Picture Company. It was then owned and operated by David Horsley and his brother, William Horsley. The first motion picture stage in Hollywood was built behind the tavern. Other East Coast studios had moved production to Los Angeles, prior to Nestor's move west. The California weather allowed for year-round filming and the ambitious studio operated three principal divisions under its Canadian-born general manager, Al Christie. Other filmmakers

"1910s in film"
was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry. During the First World War the film industries of Europe were devastated, and Hollywood replaced the French and Italian firms as the most popular film makers in the world. 1910s in film The decade of the 1910s in film involved some significant films. The 1910s saw the origins of Hollywood as the centre of the American film industry relocated from New York to California. By 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture

"History of film"
a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, gained the position it has held, more or less, ever since: film factory for the world and exporting its product to most countries. By the 1920s, the United States reached what is still its era of greatest-ever output, producing an average of 800 ""feature"" films annually, or 82% of the global total (Eyman, 1997). During late 1927, Warner's released ""The Jazz Singer"", with the first synchronized dialogue (and singing) in a feature film. By the end of 1929, Hollywood was almost all-talkie, with several competing sound systems (soon to be standardized). Sound saved the

"M. S. Swaminathan"
M. S. Swaminathan Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution, a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is known as the ""Father of Green Revolution in India"" for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation . His stated vision is to rid the world of hunger and poverty. Swaminathan is an advocate of

the value of the lysine content so that Sharbati Sonora was viewed positively. The report of the committee noted that it was not an isolated incident and that such practice ""pervades the entire scientific and academic community in this country. M. S. Swaminathan Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution, a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is known as the ""Father of Green Revolution in India"" for his leadership and

"Amrik Singh Cheema"
Amrik Singh Cheema Amrik Singh Cheema (1918 - 1982) was an Indian civil servant, author, an advocate of green revolution and a former vice chancellor of the Punjab Agricultural University, known for his contributions to the agricultural initiatives of the Indian government. He was honoured by the Government of India in 1969, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the society. Amrik Singh Cheema was born on 1 December 1918 at Badhai Cheema village in Sialkot district (presently in Pakistan) in the British India. He secured his master's degree in agriculture

"Chandi Prasad Bhatt"
Chandi Prasad Bhatt Chandi Prasad Bhatt (born 1934) is an Indian Gandhian environmentalist and social activist, who founded Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) in Gopeshwar in 1964, which later became a mother-organization to the Chipko Movement, in which he was one of the pioneers, and for which he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1982, followed by the Padma Bhushan in 2005. Today he is known for his work on subaltern social ecology, and considered one of India's first modern environmentalist. In 2013, he was the recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize. Chandi Prasad Bhatt was

"Dayananda Saraswati"
built the Maharshi Dayanand Science College and donated it to the Education Society of Porbandar, after naming it after Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Dayananda Saraswati is most notable for influencing the freedom movement of India. His views and writings have been used by different writers, including Shyamji Krishna Varma, who founded India House in London and guided other revolutionaries was influenced by him; Subhas Chandra Bose; Lala Lajpat Rai; Madam Cama; Vinayak Damodar Savarkar; Lala Hardayal; Madan Lal Dhingra; Ram Prasad Bismil; Mahadev Govind Ranade; Swami Shraddhanand; S. Satyamurti; Pandit Lekh Ram; Mahatma Hansraj; Rajiv Dixit; and others. He also had

"Suresh Nautiyal"
Suresh Nautiyal Suresh Nautiyal is the founding president of political party India Greens - The Green Party of India. He is a Delhi-based bilingual (English and Hindi) journalist, poet, playwright, publisher, scriptwriter, and rights activist. However, he prefers to be known as a perpetual struggle, wanderer, truth seeker, minimalist, and humanist. Suresh was born to subsistence farming parents – Anandi and Chaitram in a tiny village, Onchar, near Pauri in Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India, on 29 April 1956. However, his official date of birth is 3 October 1956. It was funny that he ‘manipulated’ his date of birth in

"Ranbir Singh Kanwar"
Organization and undertook international assignments for sugarcane development in Pakistan, Nigeria and Congo. He died of cancer on his 75th birthday in 2005. Ranbir Singh Kanwar Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar (20 December 1930 – 20 December 2005) was an eminent plant breeder and agronomist who helped usher in the green revolution in India (http://www.sugarcaneindia.com/r_s_kanwar.html). He obtained his Ph.D. from Ohio State University, Columbus under a joint Indo-US development program. His major contribution was in the area of breeding sugarcane varieties which yielded higher sugar and were early maturing. His most remarkable variety was Co.J. 64 which brought back the dwindling

"Kailas Nath Kaul"
Kailas Nath Kaul Kailas Nath Kaul (1905–1983) was an Indian botanist, naturalist, agricultural scientist, horticulturist, herbalist, plant collector and herpetologist, and a world authority on Arecaceae. He founded India's National Botanical Research Institute and was instrumental in organizing the country's modern scientific infrastructure. He is regarded as a vital influence behind his niece Indira Gandhi's proactive role in environmental protection by means of extensive legislative and policy interventions. Having served as the first Indian scientist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and worked with the Natural History Museum, London, and several British universities including the University of Cambridge, Professor Kaul

"Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala"
Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala (1909–1998) was an Indian agricultural economist, academic and writer, considered by many as the father of Indian Agricultural Economics. He was a Gandhian and an Indian independence activist and he suffered incarceration for over six years during the Indian freedom struggle. He authored several books and articles on the agricultural sector of India and was the founder chairperson of the ""Centre For Development Alternatives"" (CFDA), a research centre promoting development studies. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1969, for his contributions to Indian science

"Sunderlal Bahuguna"
""Chipko"" literally means ""stick"" and people started sticking to trees when it was being cut. Chipko movement later inspired Appiko Movement in Karnataka. One of Sunderlal Bahuguna's notable contributions to that cause, and to environmentalism in general, was his creation of the Chipko's slogan ""Ecology is permanent economy."" Sunderlal Bahuguna helped bring the movement to prominence through about 5,000-kilometer trans-Himalaya march undertaken from 1981 to 1983, travelling from village to village, gathering support for the movement. He had an appointment with the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and that meeting is credited with resulting in Mrs. Gandhi's subsequent 15-year

Castle
Europe. Historians have interpreted the widespread presence of castles across Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries as evidence that warfare was common, and usually between local lords. Castles were introduced into England shortly before the Norman Conquest in 1066. Before the 12th century castles were as uncommon in Denmark as they had been in England before the Norman Conquest. The introduction of castles to Denmark was a reaction to attacks from Wendish pirates, and they were usually intended as coastal defences. The motte and bailey remained the dominant form of castle in England, Wales, and Ireland well into the

"Castles in Great Britain and Ireland"
castles, while vigorous academic debates in recent years have questioned the interpretation of physical and documentary material surrounding their original construction and use. The English word ""castle"" derives from the Latin word ""castellum"" and is used to refer to the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. The presence of castles in Britain and Ireland dates primarily from the Norman invasion of 1066. Before the arrival of the Normans the Anglo-Saxons had built burhs, fortified structures with their origins in 9th-century Wessex. Most of these, especially in urban areas, were large enough to be best described as fortified townships

all designed to imitate the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, then the idealised image of imperial power. The actual site of the castle may also have been important as it was positioned close to the former Roman fort of ""Segontium"". The elaborate gatehouse, with an excessive five sets of doors and six portcullises, also appears to have been designed to impress visitors and to invoke an image of an Arthurian castle, then believed to have been Byzantine in character. In the middle of the 13th century Henry III began to redesign his favourite castles, including Winchester and Windsor, building larger halls,

letter box gun-ports, common in mainland Europe, rapidly spread across Scotland but were rarely used in England during the 15th century. Scotland also led the way in adopting the new caponier design for castle ditches, as constructed at Craignethan Castle. Henry VIII became concerned with the threat of French invasion during 1539 and was familiar with the more modern continental designs. He responded to the threat by building a famous sequence of forts, called the Device Forts or Henrician Castles, along the south coast of England specifically designed to be equipped with, and to defend against, gunpowder artillery. These forts

perspective remains the dominant theme in the academic literature today. Castles in Great Britain and Ireland Castles have played an important military, economic and social role in Great Britain and Ireland since their introduction following the Norman invasion of England in 1066. Although a small number of castles had been built in England in the 1050s, the Normans began to build motte and bailey and ringworks castles in large numbers to control their newly occupied territories in England and the Welsh Marches. During the 12th century the Normans began to build more castles in stone – with characteristic square keeps

but additional castles joined the circuit – Cawdor Castle became popular once the railway line reached north to Fort William. Purchasing and reading guidebooks became an increasingly important part of visiting castles; by the 1820s visitors could buy an early guidebook at Goodrich outlining the castle's history, the first guidebook to the Tower of London was published in 1841 and Scottish castle guidebooks became well known for providing long historical accounts of their sites, often drawing on the plots of Romantic novels for the details. Indeed, Sir Walter Scott's historical novels ""Ivanhoe"" and ""Kenilworth"" helped to establish the popular Victorian

Castle
""castle"" was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to denote this type of building, which was then new to England. In its simplest terms, the definition of a castle accepted amongst academics is ""a private fortified residence"". This contrasts with earlier fortifications, such as Anglo-Saxon burhs and walled cities such as Constantinople and Antioch in the Middle East; castles were not communal defences but were built and owned by the local feudal lords, either for themselves or for their monarch. Feudalism was the link between a lord and his vassal where, in return for military service and the

therefore failed to provide the necessary romantic contrast with modern life. The appreciation of castles developed as the century progressed. During the 1770s and 1780s the concept of the picturesque ruin was popularised by the English clergyman William Gilpin. Gilpin published several works on his journeys through Britain, expounding the concept of the ""correctly picturesque"" landscape. Such a landscape, Gilpin argued, usually required a building such as a castle or other ruin to add ""consequence"" to the natural picture. Paintings in this style usually portrayed castles as indistinct, faintly coloured objects in the distance; in writing, the picturesque account eschewed

Castle
and felt the term ""castle"" was a masculine expression of their power. In scholarship the castle, as defined above, is generally accepted as a coherent concept, originating in Europe and later spreading to parts of the Middle East, where they were introduced by European Crusaders. This coherent group shared a common origin, dealt with a particular mode of warfare, and exchanged influences. In different areas of the world, analogous structures shared features of fortification and other defining characteristics associated with the concept of a castle, though they originated in different periods and circumstances and experienced differing evolutions and influences. For

the Bass of Inverurie, to smaller castles like Balmaclellan. As historian Lise Hull has suggested, the creation of castles in Scotland was ""less to do with conquest"" and more to do with ""establishing a governing system"". The Norman expansion into Wales slowed in the 12th century, but remained an ongoing threat to the remaining native rulers. In response the Welsh princes and lords began to build their own castles, usually in wood. There are indications that this may have begun from 1111 onwards under Prince Cadwgan ap Bleddyn with the first documentary evidence of a native Welsh castle being at

"Tara Maclay"
beginning of the series and already had a strong fanbase. Earlier in the fourth season, she had a boyfriend named Oz (Seth Green), who abruptly left town. Oz returns in the episode ""New Moon Rising"", determined to win Willow back. That episode marked the first time Tara is introduced to the Scooby Gang as a whole, and Willow is faced with choosing between Tara and Oz. She favors Tara in the end, causing some of the show's fans to react angrily on the fansite message boards, with some leaving homophobic remarks and characterizing Benson as overweight and unattractive. Benson, who

"Tara Chambler"
holding Denise captive, with Carol and Morgan unconscious on the floor. He forces them to surrender their weapons and Tara watches helplessly as he takes Denise with him as a hostage. In the mid-season premiere ""No Way Out"", Tara joins Rick and the rest of the town in wiping out the walkers. In the episode ""The Next World"", two months later, it is shown that Tara and Denise (who managed to survive the event) are now living together as a couple. In the episode ""Not Tomorrow Yet"", Tara accompanies the group to the Saviors' compound to infiltrate and kill them.

was referred to as ""astoundingly non-Hollywood"" by a Scottish journalist, frequented the boards and read the comments, finding them hurtful and taking some of them personally. She responded, protesting that she was, at and , quite slender, although she appears larger than her more petite costars. She went on to write: Network executives encouraged the lesbian element in the relationship, but put strict guidelines on what could be shown. For several episodes in the fourth season, Tara and Willow's friendship grows as they practice magic. To work within the censorship imposed on their relationship, writers used allusions to spells and

in Willow's witchcraft, teaching Willow spells and performing magic together. Willow, however, is inherently talented, despite being new to the craft, and begins to progress much faster than Tara in the fifth season, including experimentations in dark magic. Tara struggles with understanding her place among the Scoobies with Buffy (Sarah Michelle Gellar), the leader, with whom she has a very friendly relationship; Xander Harris (Nicholas Brendon), Willow's friend since childhood; and Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), their mentor. Tara's primary role throughout the series is that of Willow's partner. She feels somewhat useless until the fifth season episode ""Family"" when

and a maternal figure. She appears to Buffy in a dream in the fourth season finale ""Restless"" to tell her about the arrival of Buffy's sister Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg) and act as a translator for the voiceless First Slayer. Following the death of Joyce Summers and Buffy's sacrifice to save the world at the end of the fifth season, Tara and Willow move into the Summers house, taking Joyce's bedroom and becoming Dawn's surrogate parents. Tara becomes more outspoken during the sixth season about the ethics of Willow's use of magic, cautioning Willow that she depends too much on it.

between Willow and Tara made their relationship implausible, but because no other portrayals of lesbian relationships were on television, its importance is undeniable. Tara and Willow did not kiss until the fifth season episode ""The Body"", which focused on the death of Joyce Summers. Not until ""Buffy"" moved from the WB to UPN in 2001 were Tara and Willow shown in sexual situations. Benson later recalled the issues of working with censors: Like Whedon, Benson was surprised at the strength of the reaction to Tara's death. It indicated to her what kind of impact the characters had: The Big Bad

"Amber Benson"
to land roles in films and on television. Benson was 14 when she made her feature film debut in the Steven Soderbergh film ""King of the Hill"". Benson is best known for her recurring role as Tara Maclay on the television series ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"". The character first appeared in the season 4 episode ""Hush"" and soon became the girlfriend of Willow Rosenberg (Alyson Hannigan). Benson remained with the series until season 6 when her character was killed off. In her final episode, Benson was credited for the only time as a regular cast member. Benson sang in the

"Tara Knowles"
club associate Cameron Hayes. The Jax-Tara relationship soon seems to disintegrate after his ex-wife Wendy returns from rehab. In the penultimate season-one episode ""The Sleep of Babies"", Tara is seen sleeping alone while Jax and Wendy make love. In the final episode of the first season, ""The Revelator"", Tara tells Jax that she has arranged to return to Chicago as she does not believe she is cut out for life in Charming. This angers Jax, and he storms off. At the end of the episode Tara is seen to have changed her mind, and she turns up at Donna's funeral,

distraught and fearing that the club will kill him in prison. In the closing minute of the season 3 finale, Tara reads letters from John Teller to his mistress Maureen Ashby implying that Gemma and Clay would be responsible for his death should it happen. The close up shot of Tara's face transitions to Jax's face, thus ending season 3. Bridge between end of Season 3 and beginning of Season 4: By the end of season 3 when Jax and the other Samcro members were hauled off to prison, Tara is a little over 8 weeks pregnant. However, in a

in, he summons up the courage to carry her out to safety inside the van and Tara is taken back to Alexandria. In the season finale ""Conquer"", after days of being unconscious, Tara wakes up in Alexandria with Rosita by her side. In the season premiere ""First Time Again"", Tara is still recovering in bed while Maggie and Rosita check up on her. She is soon able to walk around and helps with building a wall barrier, to help guard the walkers that are stuck in the quarry. She and Maggie discuss how Nicholas caused Noah's death and Maggie reveals

"Safavid art"
most often under the direction of a painter or calligrapher. They grouped together drawings, calligraphy and also ancient miniatures. Reza Abbasi, who directed the kitab khaneh between 1597 and 1635, (having been transferred, in 1602, to Isfahan), is undoubtedly the greatest representative of this genre. The people illustrated on these album pages are most often elongated silhouettes, with little rounded heads. The subjects could be courtesans, servers of drinks being prominent, but also peasants and dervishes. Although Reza resisted European influence, right up to his death in 1635, other artists did not hesitate to draw inspiration from, or to copy,

tradition that appeared in the 15th century); sprinkled with gold, following a Chinese custom; or painted with colours or gold. The style of illustrations varied greatly from one manuscript to another, according to the period and centre of production. Three centres were active in this period: Tabriz, capital of the Safavid empire from 1501 to 1548, again also used artists of the Ak Koyunlu ketab khaneh. The illustrations show a double heritage: that of the Ak Koyunlu and that of the Timurid dynasty. The latter benefitted from the taking of Herat in 1501, but did not really manifest itself until

Persian miniature painting, constituted the essential driving force of the arts. The ""ketab khaneh"", the royal library-workshop, provided most of the sources of motifs for objects such as carpets, ceramics or metal. Various types of books were copied, illuminated, bound and sometimes illustrated: religious books – Korans, but also commentaries on the sacred text and theological works—and books of Persian literature – Shahnameh, Nizami's Khamsa, Jami al-Tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Timur nāmeh—encyclopedias and scientific treatises of Sufism. Paper, a Chinese invention arriving early in Iran (13th century), was always used. One notes the frequent use of coloured papers. Towards 1540,

the patronage of the brother of Braham Mirza, Ibrahim Mirza, they revitalized the school of Qazvin, employing artists such as Shaykh Muhammad, Muzaffar Ali or Muhammadi, specialized in drawings. The most famous manuscript that came out of these workshops is a copy of the ""Haft Awrang"" (Seven Thrones) of Jami, and is marked by the profound originality of the creations of the official workshops. During the reigns of Shah Abbas I and Shah Safi, the number of illuminated and illustrated manuscripts dropped considerably, leaving room for a new form of manuscript: the album page. The albums, or ""muhaqqa"", were created

in imitation of the gardens of the Shah, divided in rectangular parcels or squares by alleys and irrigation canals (""chahar bāgh""). There are also carpets with the theme of hunting, an activity prized by the Shahs and requiring address, strength, and knowledge of nature. This theme is also linked to paradise and to spiritual activities, because the hunt often unfolds in a wilderness which can be reminiscent of the gardens of paradise. One of the finest is undoubtedly the apparently tabrizi carpet, currently conserved at the Museo Poldi Pezzoli, and dated 1542–43. The Mantes carpet, dated to the second half

to the ancient Timurid tradition. The painting used a harmonious palette, with airy compositions, but an absence of new models and the repetition of ""poncifs"" (pointillism?) creates a certain aridity. The school of Bukhara reached its peak between 1530 and 1550, and directly influenced Mughal art. The years 1550–1600 were marked by numerous changes in the organization of the empire and therefore in the production of books among the Safavids. With the transfer of capital in 1548, the royal workshop moved, and it was Quazvin which took over the royal production. In any case, the provincial centres such as that

from that of the 17th century, with a palette dominated by yellow, green and gold, and a denser network of vegetation than that in the Shah's mosque. The study and dating of ceramics under Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasp is difficult because there are few pieces which are dated or which mention the place of production. It is also known that the most powerful personages preferred Chinese porcelain by far over locally produced ceramics. Many locations of workshops have, however, been identified, although not with certainty: The first five are more certain than the last four, having been cited in

the carpets produced during the 16th century, that is, principally under Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasp, are called ""with medallion"" because they are organized around a large central multi-lobed medallion sometimes called Shamsa, that is ""sun"", and the corner decorations each carry a quarter of a medallion which is strongly reminiscent of that in the centre. The most famous carpets of this type are the pair of carpets said to be of ""Ardébil"", of which one, conserved at the Victoria and Albert Museum, is dated 946 since the Hijra, that is 1539–40 A.D. and signed ""Work of the humble servant

gave birth to the ""rule of the two quills"", which defined identical rules for calligraphy and painting. Illumination and bookbinding evolved in parallel from the art of tapestry, given that the templates used were identical. In manuscripts, most often the paintings were double pages with no connection with the text, but images of servers of drinks, young women, princes, and dervishes filled the albums (muhaqqa). If the end of the reign of Shah Tahmasp was not very fruitful, (we know, however, of a ""Fāl Nāmeh"" dating from these years with the signatures of Aqa Mirak et Abd al-Aziz), Shah Ismail

of the 16th century and conserved at the Louvre, is equally of this exemplary calibre. The village of Kashan for its part was distinguished by a very particular production of relatively small carpets entirely of silk, with a blue or red base, showing fights between fantastic animals borrowed from the Chinese (kilins, dragons, phoenixes). As with the large carpets, those of the 16th century display a medallion (carpet of the Gulbenkian Foundation), which disappeared in the following century. The Louvre and the Metropolitan Museum are each freely conserving an example. Under the Safavids, the art of the book, especially the

MacOS
design made worse when Apple extended the file system to support Unicode. Initially, HFS+ was designed for classic Mac OS, which runs on big-endian 68K and PowerPC systems. When Apple switched Macintosh to little-endian Intel processors, it continued to use big-endian byte order on HFS+ file systems. As a result, macOS on current Macs must do byte swap when it reads file system data. These concerns are being addressed with the new Apple File System, which is used for file systems on SSDs in macOS High Sierra. The Darwin subsystem in macOS is in charge of managing the file system,

MacOS
a highly criticized file system. Apple previewed macOS 10.13 High Sierra at the 2017 Worldwide Developers Conference, before releasing it later that year. When running on solid state drives, it uses APFS, rather than HFS+. Its successor, macOS 10.14 Mojave, was released in 2018, adding a dark user interface option and a dynamic wallpaper setting. At macOS's core is a POSIX compliant operating system built on top of the XNU kernel, with standard Unix facilities available from the command line interface. Apple has released this family of software as a free and open source operating system named Darwin. On top

MacOS
a universal binary, meaning that the installer disc supported both Intel and PowerPC processors. Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard was the first release to be available exclusively for Intel-based Macs. In 2011, Apple released Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, which no longer supported 32-bit Intel processors and also did not include Rosetta. All versions of the system released since then run exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs and do not support PowerPC applications. The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. There, the Unix-like

MacOS
to another. For example, NeXTSTEP was ported from the original 68k-based NeXT workstations to x86 and other architectures before NeXT was purchased by Apple, and OPENSTEP was later ported to the PowerPC architecture as part of the Rhapsody project. Prior to macOS High Sierra, and on drives other than solid state drives (SSDs), the default file system is HFS+, which it inherited from the classic Mac OS. Operating system designer Linus Torvalds has criticized HFS+, saying it is ""probably the worst file system ever"", whose design is ""actively corrupting user data"". He criticized the case insensitivity of file names, a

MacOS
scientific and technical software. Third-party projects such as Homebrew, Fink, MacPorts and pkgsrc provide pre-compiled or pre-formatted packages. Apple and others have provided versions of the X Window System graphical interface which can allow these applications to run with an approximation of the macOS look-and-feel. The current Apple-endorsed method is the open-source XQuartz project; earlier versions could use the X11 application provided by Apple, or before that the XDarwin project. Applications can be distributed to Macs and installed by the user from any source and by any method such as downloading (with or without code signing, available via an Apple

"Macintosh operating systems"
for its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named ""Mac OS X"" until 2012 and then ""OS X"" until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced. The current macOS is preinstalled with every Mac and is updated annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other

MacOS
which includes three functions to help accessibility between windows and desktop. Its functions are to instantly display all open windows as thumbnails for easy navigation to different tasks, display all open windows as thumbnails from the current application, and hide all windows to access the desktop. Also, FileVault was introduced, which is an optional encryption of the user's files with the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128). Features introduced in version 10.4 include Automator, an application designed to create an automatic workflow for different tasks; Dashboard, a full-screen group of small applications called desktop widgets that can be called up and

MacOS
2016, macOS is the second-most-active general-purpose desktop client operating system in use on the World Wide Web following Microsoft Windows, with a 4.90% usage share according to statistics compiled by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is the second most widely used desktop operating system (for web browsing), after Windows, and is estimated at approximately five times the usage of Linux (which has 1.01%). Usage share generally continues to shift away from the desktop and toward mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android. In its earlier years, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that

MacOS
867 MHz, and at least 512 MB of RAM to be installed. The single DVD works for all supported Macs (including 64-bit machines). New features include a new look, an updated Finder, Time Machine, Spaces, Boot Camp pre-installed, full support for 64-bit applications (including graphical applications), new features in Mail and iChat, and a number of new security features. Leopard is an Open Brand UNIX 03 registered product on the Intel platform. It was also the first BSD-based OS to receive UNIX 03 certification. Leopard dropped support for the Classic Environment and all Classic applications. It was the final version

MacOS
disk ejects, a more powerful version of the Preview application, as well as a faster Safari web browser. Snow Leopard only supported machines with Intel CPUs, required at least 1 GB of RAM, and dropped default support for applications built for the PowerPC architecture (Rosetta could be installed as an additional component to retain support for PowerPC-only applications). Snow Leopard also featured new 64-bit technology capable of supporting greater amounts of RAM, improved support for multi-core processors through Grand Central Dispatch, and advanced GPU performance with OpenCL. The 10.6.6 update introduced support for the Mac App Store, Apple's digital distribution

"Fountain of Youth Stakes"
Fountain of Youth Stakes The Fountain of Youth Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida in late February. A Grade II event open to three-year-olds willing to race one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt, it currently offers a purse of $400,000. It is the final stakes prep to the Florida Derby and is an official prep race for the Kentucky Derby. The race was named for the mythical Florida spring that granted eternal youth, it was sought by Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon who searched throughout the south eastern United

States for it but never found the fountain. Four colts, Tim Tam (1958), Kauai King (1966), Spectacular Bid (1979), and Thunder Gulch (1995) won this race then went on to become ""Dual Classic Winners,"" the first three won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes the last won the Derby and the Belmont Stakes. The 1985 winner, Proud Truth, won that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. The Fountain of Youth Stakes was inaugurated in 1945 and run at various distances until 1953 when it was modified to miles. In 2005, it was changed to a distance of miles. In 2009, it

was run at one mile. In 2012, Gulfstream added a second finish line so the Fountain of Youth and other dirt races could be contested at miles. The race was run twice in 1947 (at the beginning of the year for 3-year-olds and at the end of the year for 2-year-olds). The race was run in two divisions in 1953, 1983, 1986 and 1993. Speed record: Most wins by an owner: Most wins by a jockey: Most wins by a trainer: A # designates that the race was run in two divisions in 1993, 1986 and 1983.<br>* DQ The horse

"Youth (horse)"
Youth (horse) Youth (foaled 1973 in Maryland) was an American-bred French Thoroughbred racehorse. Youth was a chestnut horse bred and owned by Texas oilman, Nelson Bunker Hunt. Youth was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Ack Ack. His dam was Hunt's French-bred mare Gazala, a daughter of the 1953 Kentucky Derby winner, Dark Star. Youth was sent to race in Europe where he was trained from a base at Chantilly Racecourse by Maurice Zilber, Youth's best result in a conditions race at age two was a runnerup position in the 1975 Prix Saint-Roman at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris.

ridden by Sandy Hawley, the colt defeated Arc winner Ivanjica to take the prestigious event by ten lengths. Youth's performances earned him the Eclipse Award as the American Champion Male Turf Horse of 1976. Youth was retired to stud duty in 1977 at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky where he most notably sired Teenoso, winner of England's Epsom Derby (1983), King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Diamond Stakes (1984), and France's Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud (1984). In 1987, Youth was sent to breeders in Brazil. Youth (horse) Youth (foaled 1973 in Maryland) was an American-bred French Thoroughbred racehorse. Youth was

At age three, Youth developed into a major star on the turf both in France and in North America. In 1976, he won five important races in France including the Prix Lupin and the French Derby. On October 3, he ran third in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe to winner Ivanjica, after which he was shipped to Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Canada, where under Hall of Fame jockey Sandy Hawley he won the October 23 Canadian International Championship Stakes. Youth then was sent to Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland for the November 6 Washington, D.C. International Stakes. Again

"Pleasant Colony"
Pleasant Colony Pleasant Colony (May 4, 1978 – December 31, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the first two legs of the 1981 American Triple Crown: the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. A big, gangly horse standing just under seventeen hands, Pleasant Colony was a grandson of Ribot. He was bred by Wall Street financier Thomas Mellon Evans and raced under his Buckland Farm banner. At age two, Pleasant Colony won two of his five starts including the Remsen Stakes. At age three, in the spring of 1981 he was second in the Fountain of Youth Stakes.

Goldencents
Goldencents Goldencents (foaled March 7, 2010) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning consecutive runnings of the Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile. As a two-year-old he ran three times, winning the Delta Jackpot Stakes and finishing second in the Champagne Stakes (United States). In the following year he won the Sham Stakes and the Santa Anita Derby before finishing unplaced in the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. He was brought back to sprint distances and ran well without winning before taking the Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile. As a four-year-old he won the Pat O'Brien Stakes and finished second

"Shady Heights"
Shady Heights Shady Heights (12 May 1984 – ca. 1997) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. In four seasons on the racecourse he competed in Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States, winning seven of his twenty-nine contests. He showed great promise as a juvenile in 1986, winning on his debut and then finishing second in both the Mill Reef Stakes and the Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year he took the Easter Stakes in April and was briefly made favourite for The Derby but did not score again until late autumn when he won both the Breeders' Cup

long as I can get him to relax, his potential is untapped."" In the Kentucky Derby on May 4 at Churchill Downs the colt started 7.9/1 third choice in the betting, but after racing prominently in the early stages he faded badly and finished seventeenth of the nineteen runners behind Orb. Two weeks later he finished fifth behind Oxbow in the Preakness Stakes. Goldencents was brought back in distance for the Grade I Bing Crosby Stakes over six furlongs at Del Mar in July and was beaten a head by the four-year-old sprinter Points Offthebench. Pat Valenzuela took over from

"2017 NFL Draft"
A record 37 trades were made during the draft itself, surpassing the 34 trades made during the 2008 NFL Draft. In order to be eligible to enter the draft, players must be at least three years removed from high school. The deadline for underclassmen to declare for the draft was January 16, 2017. The following is the breakdown of the 253 players selected by position: The SEC led all conferences for the 11th year in a row with 53 selections. Michigan and Alabama set school records to lead the country with 11 and 10 picks respectively, marking the 2nd consecutive

15, 2018. Five quarterbacks were selected in the first round—Baker Mayfield, Sam Darnold, Josh Allen, Josh Rosen, and Lamar Jackson—the second highest number of first-round quarterback selections (tied with the 1999 NFL Draft) after the six selected in the 1983 NFL Draft. The draft was also the first to have to have siblings—safety Terrell Edmunds and linebacker Tremaine Edmunds—selected in the opening round of the same draft. The 2018 NFL Draft was the first of two professional sports drafts to be held in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex during the calendar year, as the Dallas Stars hosted the 2018 NHL Entry

"2016 NFL Draft"
draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons. Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round. Ninety-six underclassmen announced their intention to enter the 2016 NFL Draft as underclassmen, which primarily include juniors and redshirt sophomores who are forgoing future years of college eligibility. In order to be eligible to enter the draft, players must be at least 3 years removed from high school. The deadline for underclassmen to declare for the draft was January

Bears to Eagles), Brandon Marshall (from Jets to Giants), DeSean Jackson (from Redskins to Buccaneers), Kenny Britt (from Rams to Browns), Pierre Garçon (from Redskins to 49ers), Robert Woods (from Bills to Rams), Terrelle Pryor (from Browns to Redskins), and Torrey Smith (from 49ers to Eagles); running backs Latavius Murray (from Raiders to Vikings), Adrian Peterson (from Vikings to Saints), Eddie Lacy (from Packers to Seahawks), and Jamaal Charles (from Chiefs to Broncos); fullbacks Mike Tolbert (from Panthers to Bills) and Patrick DiMarco (from Falcons to Bills); quarterback Mike Glennon (from Buccaneers to Bears). The 2017 NFL Draft was held

2016 NFL Draft The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. As in 2015, the draft took place in Chicago, Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park. The draft began on Thursday, April 28 with the first round, and ended on Saturday, April 30. The Tennessee Titans, the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season, traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams, the first time the top pick was traded before the

"2017 NBA draft"
be exactly the same as the previous year's draft. The draft class is the youngest draft class ever, with the most freshmen and fewest seniors selected in the first round; the top seven picks in the draft were all college freshmen. It was the third time, and the second in a row, that three players were selected from Serbian team KK Mega Basket in the same draft (Vlatko Čančar, Ognjen Jaramaz, Alpha Kaba), with it previously occurring during the 2014 and 2016 NBA draft. The draft also received a lot of media coverage from ESPN pertaining to eventual No. 2

2017 NFL Draft The 2017 NFL Draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27–29, returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961. The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps, marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors. The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history, with more than 250,000 people present. Starting with this draft, compensatory picks could be traded.

"2016 NBA draft"
exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10-win/72-loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015–16 season. Highlights from the draft include the third Australian No. 1 draft pick (Ben Simmons; the first being Andrew Bogut and the second being Kyrie Irving), the first Austrian to be selected into the NBA (Jakob Pöltl), the first high school prospect to be taken in the

in the order in which teams would pick in a hypothetical eighth round of the draft; these picks are known as ""supplemental compensatory selections"". More than 32 compensatory picks have been awarded only on one occasion: the 2016 NFL Draft, where 33 picks were awarded; the additional pick was awarded (under an agreement between the NFL Management Council and the NFLPA) to the Buffalo Bills for losing Da'Norris Searcy to free agency and signing Charles Clay as a transition tagged player from the Miami Dolphins, who had not qualified as a CFA. In 2018, the NFL released the compensatory picks

pick Lonzo Ball and his outspoken father, LaVar Ball, much to the chagrin of many sports fans and even some ESPN employees. These players were not selected in the 2017 NBA Draft, but have played at least one game in the NBA. The draft is conducted under the eligibility rules established in the league's 2017 collective bargaining agreement (CBA) with its player's union. The CBA that ended the 2011 lockout instituted no immediate changes to the draft, but called for a committee of owners and players to discuss future changes. The NBA has since expanded the draft combine to include

"Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous"
reassignment. When female FBI Agent Sam Fuller gets relocated to New York City from Chicago, Hart doesn't take to her at all. Eventually, the FBI makes Fuller Hart's bodyguard, much to Fuller's disgust, since the dislike appears to be mutual. Ten months later she begins appearing on morning television shows, such as Live with Regis and Kelly, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the Food Channel, giving out fashion advice and promoting her book. However, when her friends, Miss United States Cheryl Fraser and Stan Fields are kidnapped in Las Vegas, Hart goes undercover to try to rescue them, accompanied by

grossed $101 million worldwide. It was panned by most critics and received a 15% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Several weeks after the events of the first film, FBI agent Gracie Hart has become a celebrity after she infiltrated the beauty pageant on her last assignment. Her fame resulted in her cover being blown while she is trying to prevent a bank heist. To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new ""face"" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the

"Puzzle Agent 2"
is either approved or rejected. If the solution is approved, the player is given a score depending on how many hints he used and how many failed attempts he had (the latter is represented in taxpayer dollars), and an optional further explanation is provided on how the puzzle can be solved. While on vacation, Tethers appears to be disturbed by the unresolved Scoggins case, noting that the FBI appears to be trying to cover it up. Deciding to go on an unofficial investigation, Tethers leaves his colleague and admirer Jim Ingraham to look after his files before heading back to

sneaks into Bahg's office and is able to retrieve the Missing Persons files, despite being caught in the act by Bahg. Using the files, Tethers is able to complete the puzzle on the note, which then leads him to Melkorka Teterdottir, or 'Korka' for short, a puzzle-obsessed woman not unlike himself. Korka explains that she had posted the note under his door at night in an attempt to summon him, as she wishes to partner with him to solve the case. Korka herself has made a remarkable discovery concerning Isaac: his true identity is Ed Davis, a test pilot who

Scoggins. Upon arrival, Tethers attempts to check in at Valda's Inn, the local hotel, but receives some hostility from Martha Garret, the owner, who attempts to push him into leaving. Tethers eventually manages to rent out a room, but experiences a dream at night in which he is visited by an astronaut, just like his dream before he first went to Scoggins, this time leaving a note on the floor. Also like the previous dream, Tethers wakes up to find that he was dreaming, but the note on the floor is still there, reading ""Isaac Davner does not exist"" on

"Miss Congeniality (film)"
contestant. Though initially appalled, she comes to appreciate Victor's thoroughness. Gracie enters the pageant as ""Gracie Lou Freebush"", representing New Jersey, and becomes friends with Cheryl Frasier, who is Miss Rhode Island. As the competition begins, Gracie impresses the judges during the talent competition with her glass harp skills and self-defense techniques. Several suspects are identified, including the current competition director and former pageant winner Kathy Morningside, her assistant Frank Tobin, the veteran MC Stan Fields, and Cheryl, who has a history of being a radical animal rights activist. Gracie accompanies Cheryl and other contestants as they spend a night

Fuller, following up her own lead after video footage of the abduction suggests that Fields was the target rather than Cheryl. This puts her at odds with the FBI, as they are unwilling to lose their mascot and are unsure if she's still up to the task. The kidnappers move Cheryl and Stan to the ship at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino which they plan to blow up. Soon afterwards, Hart, Fuller and Joel arrive at the Oasis Drag club where they end up singing Tina Turner songs and are told by a Dolly Parton contestant where Cheryl and

agency is alerted, via a letter from the notorious domestic terrorist known only as ""The Citizen"", to a bomb threat at the upcoming 75th annual Miss United States beauty pageant in San Antonio, Texas. Gracie's partner Eric Matthews is put in charge, and he relies on Gracie's suggestions, but he takes credit for them himself. One of Gracie's ideas is to plant an agent undercover at the event. Eric then suggests that Gracie take on that role, replacing Miss New Jersey, who was just disqualified. Beauty pageant coach Victor Melling teaches Gracie how to dress, walk, and behave like a

"Agent Carter (season 2)"
return for the season, with Dominic Cooper and Lesley Boone later also confirmed to be reprising their roles, respectively as Howard Stark and Rose Roberts. In December 2015, Fonseca was confirmed to return for a dream sequence in ""A Little Song and Dance"". Also returning for the second season is Ray Wise as Hugh Jones. In August 2015, it was revealed that the character Whitney Frost would appear in the season, and Currie Graham was cast as her husband, Calvin Chadwick, the owner of Isodyne Energy. In October, Wynn Everett was revealed to be cast as Frost; Reggie Austin was

Alfred Versteckt, an anthropologist whose student, Will Medlock, is also mentioned in the puzzle. Alfred, who is not native to Scoggins and is therefore quickly deemed by Tethers as being ""helpful"", believes that the disappearances may be related to Scoggins' folklore, namely the Hidden People. Tethers next heads to the Moose Ear Diner to meet with Sheriff Bahg, and requests access to his files on the 'missing persons' cases, but Bahg, as hostile as ever, quickly denies him. However, Glori Davner, despite previously attempting to kill Tethers, offers to distract Bahg while Tethers breaks into his office if he will

Zigby
Zigby Zigby the zebra is an anthropomorphic children's fictional character created by Scottish-born English author Brian Paterson. Zigby appears in a series of picture books and board books as well as in a 3D animated television series. The show currently airs on Treehouse TV, and was previously aired on Playhouse Disney and CBeebies. Zigby lives in a tree house in Mudwater Creek, on a lush tropical island. In a typical book or episode, the enthusiastic zebra ""trots into trouble"" through his slightly eccentric behaviour. He is followed by his friends McMeer the meerkat and Bertie Bird the anxious guinea fowl.

"Zig and Zag (Australian performers)"
a corporal, McKenzie, and another prisoner, Bill West, annually ran a mock version of the Melbourne Cup in the prison by using bull frogs. In 1942 his frog, Greenbottle, won the mock cup trophy: made of cardboard, which McKenzie cherished upon return to Australia in 1945 (see photo opposite). He was discharged on 17 January 1946. Whilst appearing on-air as Zag, he also produced many programs for HSV7, including ""Club 7"", ""Hold Everything"" and ""Junior Jamboree"". In 2002 McKenzie was the inaugural recipient of Variety's Heart of Show Business Award. Doug Christie, chairman of Variety, the children's charity, said that

"Zig and Zag (puppets)"
animated series commissioned by RTÉ and the BBC. Zig and Zag's full names are Zigmund Ambrose Zogly and Zagnatius Hillary Zogly and claim they were born 29 February 1971 on Zog. Zig is beige (although he claimed to be fawn) with red ""zogabongs"" (pom-pom antennae) and a tuft of green hair, and Zag is purple with green spots and yellow zogabongs and dreadlocks. In their original RTÉ incarnation, Zig often came across as the more intelligent one, with Zag under his thumb (most evident in their ""Story Time"" segments, when Zig would read a nursery rhyme to the audience, and

Tiddles
Tiddles Tiddles, also known as the Paddington Station cat, (1970–1983) was a tabby-and-white cat who spent most of his life in the ladies' room at Paddington Station, in London. Constantly fed choice meats, including titbits from his admirers, he became famously fat. On a cold morning in 1970, Tiddles was adopted as a six-week-old stray kitten by June Watson, an attendant in the ladies' room at Paddington Station. Women began to come to visit him there. In addition to fan letters, Christmas presents and a Christmas tree, Tiddles received food from many of his admirers, which was stored in his

"Zaphod Beeblebrox"
Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) the group travels to a Cantina in outer space belonging to someone named Zaphod. Sun Microsystems manuals published in the 1980s named the computers in their network diagrams Zaphod, Beeble and Brox. Zaphod Beeblebrox Zaphod Beeblebrox () is a fictional character in the various versions of the humorous science fiction story ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"" by Douglas Adams. He is from a planet in the vicinity of Betelgeuse, and is a ""semi-half-cousin"" of Ford Prefect, with whom he ""shares three of the same mothers"". Because of ""an accident with a contraceptive and a

"Zig and Zag (TV series)"
Zig and Zag (TV series) Zig and Zag is a British/Irish animated sitcom TV series featuring the extraterrestrial puppets Zig and Zag from the planet Zog. It currently airs on CBBC and RTÉjr. Both Zig and Zag are voiced by the characters' original voice actors, creators and writers, Ciaran Morrison and Mick O'Hara. Alien brothers Zig and Zag crash land in humdrum suburbia and set up home. On their fun filled adventures they 'make the most' of what Planet Earth has to offer. The above actors also act as an ensemble cast providing all additional voices for recurring or one-off

"Ratz (TV series)"
Ratz (TV series) Ratz is a Canadian/French animated television series created by France's Xilam studios, with joint production from Canada. The show stars two rats, Rapido and Razmo, aboard the ""S.S. Wanderer"", a cheese ship with (seemingly) no actual destination. The focus of the series is on the adventures of the two rats, including guarding the cheese, interacting with other stowaways and various ill-fated encounters with the crew. The rats themselves live in the hull of the ship in a lavish two-bedroom apartment. While being targeted at young children in France, the series has gained a small cult following of

"Bottersnikes and Gumbles"
emerging environmental movement. The two species were intended to represent opposing attitudes towards the environment; those who destroy the bush, and those who clean it up. These themes however are diffused by the series' humour, absurdity, playful language and its sense of the ridiculous. Bottersnikes have green wrinkly skin, cheese-grater noses and long, pointed ears that go red when they are angry, which is most of the time. They are perhaps the laziest creatures in the world. They eat mattress stuffing (preferably barbecued) and pictures of food out of magazines, and for sweets they like rusty nails and bottle tops.

"Cosmo the Spacedog"
Cosmo the Spacedog Cosmo the Spacedog is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Cosmo, a telepathic Soviet dog, is the security chief of the space station Knowhere and a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. The character was created by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning as a reference to Laika and first appeared in ""Nova"" vol. 4 #8. Cosmo was a former test animal of the Soviet space program. He was launched into Earth's orbit as part of an experiment but he drifted off into space at some point during the 1960s, arriving

"Fat Cat and Friends"
Fat Cat and Friends Fat Cat and Friends is an Australian children's television show starring Fat Cat (full name: Frederick Alphonso Tubsy Cat or Francis Aloysius Tom Cat), a costumed character, who is an orange/ginger anthropomorphic cat who wears red braces, a blue bow tie and a green bowler hat and striped socks. The show is similar in concept to ""Here's Humphrey"" featuring Humphrey B. Bear. The program would feature resident music artist Patsy Biscoe, who would go on to record numerous kids album, as well as main hostess Lynn Weston, who would later host children's show ""The Book Place"".

"Charles Carroll of Carrollton"
Charles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United States Constitution. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress and later

"Maryland in the American Revolution"
notices to the counties they adjourned. On August 1, all freemen with property elected delegates for the last convention. The ninth and last convention was also known as the Constitutional Convention of 1776. They drafted a constitution, and when they adjourned on November 11, they would not meet again. The Conventions were replaced by the new state government which the Maryland Constitution of 1776 had established. Thomas Johnson became the state's first elected governor. Maryland declared independence from Britain in 1776, with Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signing the Declaration of Independence for the

colony. In 1777, all Maryland voters were required to take the Oath of Fidelity and Support. This was an oath swearing allegiance to the state of Maryland and denying allegiance and obedience to Great Britain. As enacted by the Maryland General Assembly in 1777, all persons holding any office of profit or trust, including attorneys at law, and all voters were required to take the oath no later than March 1, 1778. It was signed by 3,136 residents of Montgomery and Washington counties. On March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation took effect with Maryland's ratification. The articles had initially

"Maryland Constitution of 1776"
constitution, and adjourned on November 11. The document was not submitted to the people for ratification. The Assembly of Freemen would not meet again, as it was replaced by the new state government established by the 1776 constitution. Thomas Johnson became the state's first elected governor. The document included a Declaration of Rights. This, among other things, ended the position of the Church of England as the state-supported religion, and granted all Christians, including Roman Catholics, freedom of worship. Free blacks who met the property qualifications continued to be eligible to vote. The declaration was more than a bill of

landing at the second provincial capital of Annapolis docks, arguably the first violent resistance to British taxation in the colonies. After a decade of bitter argument and internal discord, Maryland declared itself a sovereign state in 1776. The province was one of the Thirteen Colonies of British America to declare independence from Great Britain and joined the others in signing a collective Declaration of Independence that summer in the Second Continental Congress in nearby Philadelphia. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed on Maryland's behalf. Although no major Battles of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)

sixteen counties then existing were represented by a total of 92 members; Matthew Tilghman was elected chairman. The eighth session decided that the continuation of an ad-hoc government by the convention was not a good mechanism for all the concerns of the province. A more permanent and structured government was needed. So, on July 3, 1776, they resolved that a new convention be elected that would be responsible for drawing up their first state constitution, one that did not refer to parliament or the king, but would be a government """"...of the people only."""" After they set dates and prepared

life, Hood fled Maryland for New York, and Governor Sharpe reported in September 1765 that he was ""very apprehensive that if the stamp paper was to arrive here and be landed at this time it would not be in my power to preserve it from being burnt"". One of the early voices for independence in Maryland was the wealthy Roman Catholic planter Charles Carroll of Carrollton. In 1772 he engaged in a debate conducted through anonymous newspaper letters and maintained the right of the colonies to control their own taxation. As a Roman Catholic, he was barred from entering politics,

to sign the Declaration of Independence, and until his death in 1832 he was its last living signatory. Samuel Chase (1741–1811), was a ""firebrand"" states-righter and revolutionary, and was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland. He co-founded Anne Arundel County's Sons of Liberty chapter with his close friend William Paca, and led opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act. Later he became an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Public opinion in Maryland before the war was bitterly divided; many Marylanders either actively supported the Crown or were unwilling to countenance

in 1775. In early 1776, while not yet a member, the Congress sent him on a mission to Canada. When Maryland decided to support the open revolution, he was elected to the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and remained a delegate until 1778. He arrived too late to vote in favor of it, but was able to sign the Declaration of Independence. It is possible that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution - guaranteeing freedom of religion - was written in appreciation for Carroll's considerable financial support during the Revolutionary War. Carroll was the only Roman Catholic

"Charles Carroll of Annapolis"
Carroll of Carrollton, (III), (1737–1832), one of the signers (and the longest-lived) of the Declaration of Independence, to see religious toleration restored to Maryland and many political and scientific/technological advances in the newly independent state. Carroll was born in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1702, the third child and second son of Charles Carroll the Settler and Mary Darnall, daughter of the wealthy Roman Catholic planter Henry Darnall, a strong ally of the Carrolls and the ruling Calvert family. His older brother Henry died shortly before their father, in 1719. Charles Carroll the Settler came to the colony in 1688 with a

"History of China"
indicating that sophisticated commercial arithmetic was already established during this period. As neighboring territories of these warring states, including areas of modern Sichuan and Liaoning, were annexed, they were governed under the new local administrative system of commandery and prefecture. This system had been in use since the Spring and Autumn period, and parts can still be seen in the modern system of Sheng & Xian (province and county). The final expansion in this period began during the reign of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. His unification of the other six powers, and further annexations in the modern regions

by the previous emperor. In 1683, the Qing staged an amphibious assault on southern Taiwan, bringing down the rebel Kingdom of Tungning, which was founded by the Ming loyalist Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) in 1662 after the fall of the Southern Ming, and had served as a base for continued Ming resistance in Southern China. The Qing defeated the Russians at Albazin, resulting in the Treaty of Nerchinsk. By the end of Qianlong Emperor's long reign, the Qing Empire was at its zenith. China ruled more than one-third of the world's population, and had the largest economy in the world. By

development of the second commercial revolution was the mass influx of silver that entered into the country from foreign trade. After the Spanish conquered the Philippines in the 1570s they mined for silver around the New World, greatly expanding the circulating supply of silver. Foreign trade stimulated the ubiquity of the silver standard, after the re-opening of the southeast coast, which had been closed in the late 17th century, foreign trade was quickly re-established, and was expanding at 4% per annum throughout the latter part of the 18th century. China continued to export tea, silk and manufactures, creating a large,

Yongle Emperor strenuously tried to extend China's influence beyond its borders by demanding other rulers send ambassadors to China to present tribute. A large navy was built, including four-masted ships displacing 1,500 tons. A standing army of 1 million troops was created. The Chinese armies conquered and occupied Vietnam for around 20 years, while the Chinese fleet sailed the China seas and the Indian Ocean, cruising as far as the east coast of Africa. The Chinese gained influence in eastern Moghulistan. Several maritime Asian nations sent envoys with tribute for the Chinese emperor. Domestically, the Grand Canal was expanded and

and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times. In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of ""Huangdi"" or ""emperor"" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer lived Han dynasty (206

Upper Three Banners. By the 19th century, it managed the activities of at least 56 subagencies. Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the 19th

much burden on the state treasury. By the dynasty's midpoint, however, standing armies had replaced conscription, and land was continuously falling into the hands of private owners. The dynasty continued to flourish under the rule of Empress Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant in Chinese history, and reached its zenith during the long reign of Emperor Xuanzong, who oversaw an empire that stretched from the Pacific to the Aral Sea with at least 50 million people. There were vibrant artistic and cultural creations, including works of the greatest Chinese poets, Li Bai, and Du Fu. At the zenith of prosperity

area it was one of the largest empires ever. In the 19th century the empire was internally stagnant and externally threatened by western powers. The defeat by the British Empire in the First Opium War (1840) led to the Treaty of Nanking (1842), under which Hong Kong was ceded to Britain and importation of opium (produced by British Empire territories) was allowed. Subsequent military defeats and unequal treaties with other western powers continued even after the fall of the Qing dynasty. Internally the Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864), a quasi-Christian religious movement led by the ""Heavenly King"" Hong Xiuquan, raided roughly a

raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year. The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers,

and social systems were observed and imitated by neighboring countries, most notably, Japan. Internally the Grand Canal linked the political heartland in Chang'an to the agricultural and economic centers in the eastern and southern parts of the empire. Xuanzang, a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India on his own, and returned with, ""over six hundred Mahayana and Hinayana texts, seven statues of the Buddha and more than a hundred sarira relics."" Underlying the prosperity of the early Tang dynasty was a strong centralized bureaucracy with efficient policies. The government was organized as ""Three Departments and

"Premier League"
his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two clubs could win the League on the final day of the season. In the

and Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba. The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 players from 10 clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won

League from 1996 to his retirement at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of

Six of them have won the title since then: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), and Leicester City (1). Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname ""The Invincibles"" as they became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a Premier League season is 100 by Manchester City in 2017–18. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities,

"English Football League"
of the season to win the League on this tiebreaker – by a single Michael Thomas goal in the final minute of the final game of the season. Both teams would finish with the same amount the goal difference, but Arsenal scored more goals during the season. In the Premier League era, the 2011–12 season also had the winner being determined by a tiebreaker; Manchester City finished with a better goal difference than Manchester United. Two clubs won their first League titles during the 1970s: founder members of the League Derby County (1971–72 and 1974–75) and Nottingham Forest (1977–78), both

"Premier League Golden Boot"
goals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, scoring 29 goals in 30 games in 2016–17 for a rate of 0.97. General Specific Premier League Golden Boot The Premier League Golden Boot is an annual association

Premier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of

much lower than in La Liga (19.1 to 1), Serie A (16 to 1), Bundesliga (20.5 to 1), and Ligue 1 (26.6 to 1). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues. The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record has increased steadily

issued annually for Manager of the Season, Player of the Season. and Goal of the Season. The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season, The Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who make the most assists of every season and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most clean sheets at the end of the season. From the 2017–18 season, players also receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof. Each player to

"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards"
and Overall Player of the Decade, and was also given the Outstanding Contribution to the FA Premier League Award, as well as being recognised with the Top Goalscorer Award for scoring the most goals in the decade, at 204 Premier League goals. Eric Cantona was named Overseas Player of the Decade. David Beckham was awarded Goal of the Decade for his 60-yard goal against Wimbledon in 1996, while Peter Schmeichel was awarded Save of the Decade for a reflex save of a John Barnes header in 1997. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson was named Manager of the Decade, and was

Brian Baumgartner Brian Bruce Baumgartner (born November 29, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Kevin Malone in the American adaptation of ""The Office"". Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Baumgartner attended Holy Innocents' Episcopal School. He attended and graduated from The Westminster Schools in 1991, one year before his co-star on ""The Office"" Ed Helms graduated. Brian won the World Series of poker tour in 2005 netting himself 3.3 million. He attended Southern Methodist University before moving to Los Angeles and served as Artistic Director of Hidden Theatre in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he received multiple awards for

"Kevin Spacey"
Scott's film ""All the Money in the World"" (2017) as J. Paul Getty; however, all his scenes were reshot with actor Christopher Plummer replacing him in the role. The next year, Spacey appeared in ""Billionaire Boys Club"" with his role unchanged. Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to Kathleen Ann (""née"" Knutson), a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler, a technical writer and data consultant. He has an older brother, Randy Fowler, who is a limousine driver and Rod Stewart impersonator in Boise, Idaho, and a sister, Julie Ann Fowler Keir, an office worker. His family relocated to southern

"Jim J. Bullock"
he co-starred on the sitcom ""Too Close for Comfort"" as Monroe Ficus (credited as ""Jm J. Bullock"") and was a regular guest on John Davidson's updated version of ""Hollywood Squares""; Bullock occasionally substituted for Davidson as host. He also appeared as a semi-regular on ""Battlestars"". He later became a semi-regular on ""ALF"" (from 1989 to 1990) as Neal Tanner. He guest-hosted a special episode of ""Super Sloppy Double Dare"" in 1989 where host Marc Summers and announcer Harvey played against each other. The game ended with both Summers and Harvey playing the Obstacle Course and winning all eight prizes for

"Meet Kevin Johnson"
a past."" Damon Lindelof said that ""it was sort of like a walk down memory lane for the dead"", as it not only included Tom and Libby, but also Naomi Dorrit (Marsha Thomason) and George Minkowski (Fisher Stevens), two characters from the freighter who had met their demises earlier in the season. First season regular cast member Malcolm David Kelley returned in an uncredited cameo for a single scene as Michael's ten-year-old son Walt without dialogue and from a distance. Fifteen-year-old Kelley claimed that make-up was applied to him in an effort for him to look younger; however, Damon Lindelof

"Lenny Venito"
in the ABC comedy ""The Neighbors"". From 2014 to 2017, Venito voiced the recurring character Uncle Chuck on the Disney XD animated series """". In 2016, Venito began co-starring in the CBS series ""Kevin Can Wait"", portraying the role of Kevin Gable's friend Duffy. Following its renewal after the first season, Venito chose to not renew his contract. Lenny Venito Lenny Venito (born May 10, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor, who has made appearances in movies such as ""Gigli"", ""Men in Black 3"", and ""War of the Worlds"". He also starred as Marty Weaver in the

"Kevin James"
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards on March 27, 2010, and was a nominee into the Arm Fart Hall of Fames of the next year's show as Kevin ""Not-Quite-As-Good-As-Me"" James; but lost to Josh Duhamel. James most recently starred in the sitcom ""Kevin Can Wait"", which premiered on September 19, 2016. The series was renewed for a second season, before being canceled at the season's end. James made his film debut in the 2005 romantic comedy ""Hitch"", alongside Will Smith and Eva Mendes. In 2006, he co-starred with his ""Everybody Loves Raymond"" colleague Ray Romano in the comedy ""Grilled"", and provided voice

"Glen Hansard"
Sheeran in Croke Park, Dublin. In 2008, Hansard took a four-week filmmaking workshop at the New York Film Academy. In 2016, Hansard was a prominent member of the Home Sweet Home Group, a coalition of activists and homeless. The group broke into Apollo House in Dublin and illegally occupied it. They eventually had to vacate the premises due to trespassing. Glen Hansard Glen Hansard (born 21 April 1970) is an Irish songwriter, actor, vocalist and guitarist for Irish group The Frames, and one half of folk rock duo The Swell Season. He is also known for his acting, having appeared

adventure, infamy, and low-cost prescription drugs, all culled from the reams of actual, unsolicited emails, received here by us and people like you -- what we call SPAM."" Hodgman appeared in the episode ""No Exit"" of ""Battlestar Galactica,"" appearing as the civilian neurosurgeon, Dr. Gerard. He had earlier visited the set in 2005 to write about the show for ""The New York Times Magazine."" On June 19, 2009, Hodgman was the headline speaker at the 2009 Radio and Television Correspondents' Association dinner in Washington, D.C. Hodgman referred to this event as a ""Nerd Prom."" Many of his jokes were on

"The Frond Files"
Gene's (Eugene Mirman), a musical act parodying ""Rock 'n' Roll High School""; and Tina's (Dan Mintz), a piece of zombie ""friend fiction"" which pays homage to ""Night of the Living Dead."" All three stories portray Mr. Frond as an antagonistic character, and he removed them from the exhibition because they were ""offensive"" and Frond is already in trouble with the school superintendent because his credentials aren't valid in the state. Comedian Aziz Ansari guest stars in ""The Frond Files,"" voicing recurring character Darryl in the episode's first and third segment. It originally aired on Fox on March 9, 2014, drawing

"2015 Rugby World Cup"
2015 Rugby World Cup The 2015 Rugby World Cup was the eighth Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial rugby union world championship. The tournament was hosted by England from 18 September to 31 October. Of the 20 countries competing in the World Cup in 2011, there was only one change: Uruguay replaced Russia. This was the first World Cup with no new teams to the tournament. Reigning champions New Zealand won the cup and defended their title by defeating Australia in the final 34–17; South Africa defeated Argentina to take third place. This was the first Rugby World Cup where no

"2015 Cricket World Cup"
2015 Cricket World Cup The 2015 Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Cricket World Cup 2015) was the 11th Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets to win their fifth ICC Cricket World Cup. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games at grounds in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney while New Zealand hosted 23 games in Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Hamilton, Napier, Nelson and Wellington. The hosting rights were awarded at the same time

Stadium, despite being outside of the host country, due to its capacity and strategic location. Of the thirteen venues, two were dedicated rugby union grounds (Kingsholm Stadium and Sandy Park), two were national rugby stadia (Twickenham and the Millennium Stadium), two were multi-purpose stadia (Wembley Stadium and Olympic Stadium), and the remainder were association football grounds. Proposed venues that did not make the final selection were the Stadium of Light in Sunderland, Coventry's Ricoh Arena, St Mary's Stadium in Southampton, Pride Park Stadium in Derby, Anfield in Liverpool and Bristol's Ashton Gate. In April 2013, Old Trafford was withdrawn from

Six Nations in 2000 as reasons for hosting a World Cup. Rugby had been growing increasingly popular in Italy in recent years, with improved crowds at international matches. The Stadio Olimpico in Rome had been proposed as the venue to host the final and the first match of the tournament. Milan and Naples were included as the other large venues. The entire list was a selection of large stadiums spread across the country. Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, France was also included as the tenth proposed venue. The Japan Rugby Football Union officially submitted its tender to the IRB in May

Northern Hemisphere team got beyond the quarter-finals. New Zealand were the first team to retain their title, and the first to win for a third time. The highly contested match between Japan and South Africa in the opening weekend, which Japan scored the winning try in the added minutes over heavily favoured South Africa, was widely considered as the ""biggest upset"" in the history of rugby. As a result, much media attention was drawn right from the beginning of this tournament. Hosts England were eliminated at the pool stage, after defeats by Wales and Australia; this was the first time

Cup holders, that they had successfully hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup, won the 2007 Rugby World Cup and that they were in the process of building large new stadiums for the then-upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup. After England were appointed tournament hosts on 28 July 2009, the proposed stadia for the tournament were revealed. The final venues were confirmed, along with the tournament's schedule, on 2 May 2013. Twelve of the stadia were located in England, while the Millennium Stadium located in neighbourn Wales was also to be used. In 2011, the IRB approved the use of the Millennium

consideration by its owners, Manchester United F.C., citing commitments to hosting rugby league and its Super League Grand Final and concerns about pitch degradation. The RWCL then approached neighbouring Manchester City about leasing their home stadium as a replacement. City agreed to let their stadium be used for the tournament but only for one match due to footballing commitments – down from the original three which were to be played at Old Trafford. Etihad Stadium, as it was known for football sponsorship purposes, would be called 'Manchester City Stadium' by organisers for the duration of the tournament. Source: ""The Telegraph""

Ticket prices were announced in November 2013 with general sale applications launching in September 2014. Adult ticket prices started at £15 for pool matches and children's tickets were available from £7 at 41 of the 48 matches. Tickets for the World Cup final ranged from £150 to £715. 2015 Rugby World Cup The 2015 Rugby World Cup was the eighth Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial rugby union world championship. The tournament was hosted by England from 18 September to 31 October. Of the 20 countries competing in the World Cup in 2011, there was only one change: Uruguay replaced Russia.

"2015 World Rugby Nations Cup"
2015 World Rugby Nations Cup The 2015 World Rugby Nations Cup was the tenth edition of the international rugby union tournament, a competition created by the World Rugby. For the ninth time in a row, it was held at the Stadionul Naţional de Rugby in Bucharest, Romania, and was played between 12 and 21 June, running alongside 2015 World Rugby Tbilisi Cup in Georgia. , the hosts, were joined by ENC side and Argentina A side, Argentina Jaguars, while returned for the first time since 2011, as they and Romania prepare to participate in the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Hosts

The first round, or pool stage, saw the 20 teams divided into four pools of five teams, using the same format that was used in 2003, 2007, and 2011. Each pool was a single round-robin of ten games, in which each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same pool. Teams were awarded four points for a win, two points for a draw and none for a defeat. A team scoring four tries in one match scored a bonus point, as did a team that lost by fewer than eight points. The teams finishing in

"Schindler's List"
opened in June 2010. Schindler's List Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the novel ""Schindler's Ark"" by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a Sudeten German businessman, who saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a

Schindler's List Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the novel ""Schindler's Ark"" by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a Sudeten German businessman, who saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the ""Schindlerjuden""

it ranked fourth in their 2005 war films poll. The film was named the best of 1993 by critics such as James Berardinelli, Roger Ebert, and Gene Siskel. Deeming the film ""culturally significant"", the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004. Spielberg won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film for his work, and shared the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture with co-producers Branko Lustig and Gerald R. Molen. Steven Zaillian won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. The

(played by Ben Kingsley) is a composite of the accountant Stern, factory manager Abraham Bankier, and Göth's personal secretary, Mietek Pemper. The character serves as Schindler's alter ego and conscience. Kingsley is best known for his Academy Award-winning performance as Gandhi in the 1982 biographical film. Overall, there are 126 speaking parts in the film. Thousands of extras were hired during filming. Spielberg cast Israeli and Polish actors specially chosen for their Eastern European appearance. Many of the German actors were reluctant to don the SS uniform, but some of them later thanked Spielberg for the cathartic experience of performing

Oprah Winfrey and President Bill Clinton urged their countrymen to see it. World leaders in many countries saw the film, and some met personally with Spielberg. CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare ""A+"" grade on an A+ to F scale. Stephen Schiff of ""The New Yorker"" called it the best historical drama about the Holocaust, a movie that ""will take its place in cultural history and remain there."" Roger Ebert of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"" described it as Spielberg's best, ""brilliantly acted, written, directed, and seen."" Ebert named it one of his ten favorite films of 1993. Terrence

film also won the National Board of Review for Best Film, along with the National Society of Film Critics for Best Film, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Cinematography. Awards from the New York Film Critics Circle were also won for Best Film, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Cinematographer. The Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarded the film for Best Film, Best Cinematography (tied with ""The Piano""), and Best Production Design. The film also won numerous other awards and nominations worldwide. For the 1997 American television showing, the film was broadcast virtually unedited. The telecast was the first to

Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Score, as well as numerous other awards (including seven BAFTAs and three Golden Globes). In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time. The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004. In Kraków during World War II, the Germans have forced local Polish Jews into the overcrowded Kraków Ghetto. Oskar Schindler, an ethnic German from Czechoslovakia, arrives in the city hoping to make his fortune. A member of the Nazi Party, Schindler lavishes bribes

him perform in ""Anna Christie"" on Broadway. Warren Beatty participated in a script reading, but Spielberg was concerned that he could not disguise his accent and that he would bring ""movie star baggage"". Kevin Costner and Mel Gibson expressed interest in portraying Schindler, but Spielberg preferred to cast the relatively unknown Neeson, so the actor's star quality would not overpower the character. Neeson felt Schindler enjoyed outsmarting the Nazis, who regarded him as a bit of a buffoon. ""They don't quite take him seriously, and he used that to full effect."" To help him prepare for the role, Spielberg showed

film in black and white and approached it as a documentary. Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness. John Williams composed the score, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the film's main theme. ""Schindler's List"" premiered on November 30, 1993, in Washington, D.C. and it was released on December 15, 1993, in the United States. Often listed among the greatest films ever made, it was also a box office success, earning $322 million worldwide on a $22 million budget. It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards (out of twelve nominations), including Best Picture, Best Director,

survivors who knew Göth. In portraying him, Fiennes said ""I got close to his pain. Inside him is a fractured, miserable human being. I feel split about him, sorry for him. He's like some dirty, battered doll I was given and that I came to feel peculiarly attached to."" Doctors Samuel J. Leistedt and Paul Linkowski of the Université libre de Bruxelles describe Göth's character in the film as a classic psychopath. Fiennes looked so much like Göth in costume that when Mila Pfefferberg (a survivor of the events) met him, she trembled with fear. The character of Itzhak Stern

on 1 January 1874. This Act provided for the formal dissolution of the company on 1 June 1874, after a final dividend payment and the commutation or redemption of its stock. ""The Times"" commented on 8 April 1873: In the 1980s, a group of investors purchased the rights to the moribund corporate brand and founded a clothing company, which lasted until the 1990s. The corporate vestiges were again purchased by another group of investors who opened their first store in 2010. The company's headquarters in London, from which much of India was governed, was East India House in Leadenhall Street.

four Anglo-Dutch Wars between them: 1652–1654, 1665–1667, 1672–1674 and 1780–1784. The Dutch Company maintained that profit must support the cost of war which came from trade which produced profit. Competition arose in 1635 when Charles I granted a trading licence to Sir William Courteen, which permitted the rival Courteen association to trade with the east at any location in which the EIC had no presence. In an act aimed at strengthening the power of the EIC, King Charles II granted the EIC (in a series of five acts around 1670) the rights to autonomous territorial acquisitions, to mint money, to

was initially transacted at the Nags Head Inn, opposite St Botolph's church in Bishopsgate, before moving to India House in Leadenhall Street. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 aboard the ""Red Dragon"". After capturing a rich 1,200 ton Portuguese Carrack in the Malacca Straits the trade from the booty enabled the voyagers to set up two ""factories"" – one at Bantam on Java and another in the Moluccas (Spice Islands) before leaving. They returned to England in 1603 to learn of Elizabeth's death but Lancaster was Knighted by the new King James I. By

""Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies"", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, spices, saltpetre, tea, and opium. The company also ruled the beginnings of the British Empire in India. In his speech to the House of Commons in July 1833, Lord Macaulay explained that since the beginning, the East India company had always been involved in both trade and politics, just as its French and Dutch counterparts had been. The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I

(captained by Richard Rowles) sailed from Woolwich on 14 March 1607–08. This expedition would be lost. Initially, the company struggled in the spice trade because of the competition from the already well-established Dutch East India Company. The company opened a factory in Bantam on the first voyage, and imports of pepper from Java were an important part of the company's trade for twenty years. The factory in Bantam was closed in 1683. During this time ships belonging to the company arriving in India docked at Surat, which was established as a trade transit point in 1608. In the next two

1857 and the company ceased to exist when the company dissolved through the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873. In the 18th century, Britain had a huge trade deficit with Qing dynasty China and so, in 1773, the company created a British monopoly on opium buying in Bengal, India, by prohibiting the licensing of opium farmers and private cultivation. The monopoly system established in 1799 continued with minimal changes until 1947. As the opium trade was illegal in China, Company ships could not carry opium to China. So the opium produced in Bengal was sold in Calcutta on condition

that it be sent to China. Despite the Chinese ban on opium imports, reaffirmed in 1799 by the Jiaqing Emperor, the drug was smuggled into China from Bengal by traffickers and agency houses such as Jardine, Matheson & Co and Dent & Co. in amounts averaging 900 tons a year. The proceeds of the drug-smugglers landing their cargoes at Lintin Island were paid into the company's factory at Canton and by 1825, most of the money needed to buy tea in China was raised by the illegal opium trade. The company established a group of trading settlements centred on the

"Jeremiah Johnson (film)"
Native American women and eventually won the role. After Warner Bros. advanced Redford $200,000 to secure him for the film, they decided that it had to be shot on its backlot due to cost constraints. Insisting that it must be shot on location in Utah, Redford and Pollack convinced the studio that this could be done at the same cost. To prepare for production, art director Ted Haworth drove over 26,000 miles to find locations. Ultimately, it was shot in nearly 100 locations across Utah, including: Mount Timpanogos, Ashley National Forest, Leeds, Snow Canyon State Park, St. George, Sundance Resort,

Uinta National Forest, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, and Zion National Park. Principal photography began in January 1971, but unexpected weather threatened production. Even after Pollack mortgaged his home to supplement the limited budget, production remained constrained. ""The snows of St. George in southern Utah were terrible,"" said Pollack, ""and we were using Cinemobiles as the lifelines. There was no way I was going to let it overrun, and Bob was a superb partner in keeping us tight. In the end it was the greatest way to learn production, because I was playing with my own money."" Struggling with weather and the

competition. It was the first western film to ever be accepted in the festival. The film then held its American premiere on December 2 in Boise, Idaho, with its theatrical release in the United States beginning on December 21, 1972 in New York City. The film earned $8,350,000 in US & Canadian rentals by the end of 1973. Reissues in 1974 and 1975 saw it earn additional rentals of $10 million and $4 million respectively. In the US and Canada it has grossed $44,693,786 with a reported reissue gross of $25 million. The film was first released onto DVD by

Warner Home Video on October 28, 1997. It was later released onto Blu-ray on May 1, 2012. In addition to being a commercial success, the film also received generally positive reviews. Aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 95% of critics gave it a positive review, based on 20 reviews with a ""Certified Fresh"" rating, with an average score of 7.1/10 and the consensus stating: """"Jeremiah Johnson""s deliberate pace demands an investment from the viewer, but it's rewarded with a thoughtful drama anchored by a starring performance from Robert Redford."" Though New York Times film critic Roger Greenspun noted in his 1972

intended for Lee Marvin and then Clint Eastwood, with Sam Peckinpah to direct. However, Peckinpah and Eastwood did not get along, so Peckinpah left and Eastwood decided to make ""Dirty Harry"" instead. Warner Bros. then stepped in and set up Milius' screenplay for Robert Redford. Without a director, Redford talked Sydney Pollack into it; the two were looking for another film to collaborate on after ""This Property Is Condemned"" (1966). Casting for the role of Swan, Jeremiah's wife, took three months. After auditioning for another role, actress Delle Bolton was spotted by the casting director. Bolton then interviewed alongside 200

"Jeremiah (TV series)"
in a military Jeep. Shooting began in Vancouver, British Columbia in the fall of 2001. Actors Luke Perry, from Beverly Hills 90210, and Malcolm Jamal-Warner, from The Cosby Show, were cast in the leads. Developed by ""Babylon 5"" creator J. Michael Straczynski and executive produced by Straczynski and Sam Egan in the first season, and Straczynski and Grant Rosenberg in the second, the series is loosely based on Belgian writer Hermann Huppen's comic book series, ""Jeremiah"". Aside from the names of the two main characters, the general personality of the protagonist, and the post-apocalyptic setting, there are no similarities between

"Jeremiah Terminator LeRoy"
memoir ""Girl Boy Girl: How I Became JT Leroy"". On March 22, 2017, it was reported that Laura Dern was in talks to join the film. Dern would play Laura Albert alongside Stewart as Knoop. On May 16, 2017, Diane Kruger joined the cast. On May 23, 2017, Jim Sturgess joined the cast. Before the film was fully financed, a skeleton crew attended the 2017 Cannes Film Festival to obtain some necessary footage. As of August 1, 2017, the film had begun principal photography in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Kelvin Harrison Jr., Courtney Love, and James Jagger also joined the cast.

budget, rarely were the crew able to shoot any second takes. The film took seven and a half months to edit. ""It's a picture that was made as much in the editing room as it was in the shooting,"" said Pollack. ""It was a film where you used to watch dailies and everybody would fall asleep, except Bob and I, because all you had were these big shots of a guy walking his horse through the snow. You didn't see strong narrative line. It's a picture made out of rhythms and moods and wonderful performances."" The score was composed by

Jeremiah Johnson (film) Jeremiah Johnson is a 1972 American western film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford as the title character and Will Geer as ""Bear Claw"" Chris Lapp. It is said to have been based partly on the life of the legendary mountain man John Jeremiah Johnson, recounted in Raymond Thorp and Robert Bunker's book ""Crow Killer: The Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson"" and Vardis Fisher's ""Mountain Man"". The script was by John Milius and Edward Anhalt; the film was shot at various locations in Redford's adopted home state of Utah. It was entered into the 1972 Cannes

the comics and the series. The series was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Straczynski had prepared a five-year series. But a change in personnel in Showtime's administration caused the network to decide to stop producing science fiction programming and unofficially cancel Jeremiah before the second season had its debut in November 2003. Fans realized the possibility of cancellation when Showtime announced the airing of only the first seven out of fifteen episodes of the second season, and organized a campaign to write and phone executives at Showtime, MGM and Platinum Studios to convince them to show the remaining eight

"The Gate of Time"
in May 2009. Roger Two Hawks, an Iroquois serving as a combat pilot in World War II, is shot down during a raid on Ploieşti, Romania. While parachuting he feels a strange dizziness. Being hidden by locals, he realises that they neither look nor speak like Romanians, but rather resemble Native Americans and speak a language distantly resembling that of his own tribe. The mystery is resolved when he sees a globe and finds that he is in a world where the continent of America does not exist, having been drowned for the whole of humanity's tenure on Earth. As

"A Wrinkle in Time"
television film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2018 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay. The book was written between 1959 and 1960. L'Engle wrote repeatedly about the writing of the story and the long struggle to get it published. In ""A Circle of Quiet"" (1972), she explains that the book was conceived ""during a time of transition."" After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut, and running a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back to New York City, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country. L'Engle writes that ""we drove through a world of

star who exploded in an act of self-sacrifice to fight the darkness. The children then travel to the dark planet of Camazotz, which has succumbed to the Black Thing. Meg's father is trapped there. They find that all the inhabitants behave in a mechanical way and seem to be under the control of a single mind. At the planet's central headquarters, CENTRAL Central Intelligence, they discover a telepathic red-eyed man who can cast a hypnotic spell and claims to know their father’s whereabouts. Charles Wallace deliberately looks into the man’s red eyes, allowing himself to be hypnotized in order to

"The Crossroads of Time"
of those worlds differ from each other. Tacitly postulating a kind of two-dimensional time, Norton anticipated Hugh Everett III's many-worlds interpretation of the quantum theory by one year. She called it the ""possibility worlds"" theory of history. In the fall of 1955, in New York City, as the snow begins to fall, Blake Walker has come from Ohio to attend college. Goaded by one of the forebodings that have punctuated his life, he rescues a man from a kidnapper and then discovers that the kidnapper's friends have taken an unhealthy interest in him. The man he rescued, Mark Kittson, arranges

Charles Wallace is left behind, still under the influence of IT. Dr. Murry, inexperienced at tessering, does not know how to protect Meg from the Black Thing, nearly killing her. When they arrive on the neighboring planet of Ixchel, Meg is nearly frozen, and paralyzed. Calvin and the Murrys are discovered by the planet's inhabitants - large, eyeless beasts with featureless faces, tentacles and four arms, who prove both wise and gentle. Meg's paralysis is cured under the care of one inhabitant, whom Meg nicknames Aunt Beast. Meg overcomes her anger at her father for leaving Charles Wallace on Camazotz,

absolute nature of human experience that they share."" Camazotz is a planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied brain called IT. Camazotz is similar to Earth, with familiar trees such as birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary hill on which the children arrive, and a town with smokestacks, which ""might have been one of any number of familiar towns"". The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. The houses are ""all exactly alike, small square boxes painted gray,"" which, according to author Donald Hettinga, signals a comparison to ""the burgeoning American suburbia,"" such as

"A Matter of Time (Cook novel)"
chapters, and weaving back and forth in time. The reader, sharing the various points of view of the alternating characters, is in effect omniscient, knowing many things which are a mystery to the characters themselves. The main plot line centers on Norman Cash, a middle aged police detective sergeant at St. Louis, Missouri and his younger partner John Harald. On 3 March 1975, the police is perplexed at finding a body on a snowbound street. The man had died of unclear causes, cannot be identified or accounted for by any investigation, is not on file anywhere and carried nothing on

"A Moment in Time (novel)"
A Moment in Time (novel) A Moment in Time is a 1964 novel written by English author H. E. Bates. He based the setting for most of the story on Shopswyke House, a Georgian mansion in Tangmere, West Sussex to which Bates himself was assigned. In the summer of 1940, 19-year-old Elizabeth Cartwright lives a secluded and privileged life in a village in Kent. Her world is turned upside down with the arrival of a group of RAF officers who requisition her family home as a base. She immediately falls for Bill Ogilvie with an old sports-car, then marries 'Splodge'

in its makeup, an unknown chapter in the life of Elizabethan adventurer Humphrey Gilbert, an Arab-colonised South Africa (known as Ikhwan) and Hivika, a mysterious island on the site of our world's Colorado, where an underground Polynesian temple is to be found, given that Polynesians colonised the North American archipelago in the thirteenth century. Two Hawks also experiences a most tempestuous love affair. At the book's end, it is disclosed that Two Hawks is actually not from our alternate world, but from one where Kaiser Wilhelm IV (rather than Adolf Hitler) controls an expansionist, imperialist Germany in its Second World

"A Stitch in Time (Robinson novel)"
supporting democratic reforms for its government. He believes that the Dominion War and destruction of Cardassia were partially caused by Cardassia's military-led government. The narrative of the novel happens in Cardassia after the end of the Dominion War where Garak, living in the ruins of his childhood home, is helping with relief efforts while reminiscing about a society that is gone. As he is writing a letter to Julian Bashir, he also goes over his own life through journal entries. The first timeline follows him through his childhood in the home of Enabran Tain being raised as the gardener's son

"Potter's wheel"
inside of the pot and can be used to create thinner-walled pieces and a wider variety of shapes, including stemmed vessels, so wheel-thrown pottery can be distinguished from handmade. Potters could now produce many more pots per hour, a first step towards industrialization. Many modern scholars suggest that the first potter's wheel was first developed by the ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia. A stone potter's wheel found at the Sumerian city of Ur in modern-day Iraq has been dated to about 3129 BC, but fragments of wheel-thrown pottery of an even earlier date have been recovered in the same area. However,

southeastern Europe and China have also been claimed as possible places of origin. Furthermore, the wheel was also in popular use by potters starting around 3500 BC in major cities of the Indus Valley civilization in South Asia, namely Harappa and Mohenjo-daro (Kenoyer, 2005). Others consider Egypt as ""being the place of origin of the potter's wheel. It was here that the turntable shaft was lengthened about 3000 BC and a flywheel added. The flywheel was kicked and later was moved by pulling the edge with the left hand while forming the clay with the right. This led to the

arrangement allowed the potter to rotate the vessel during construction, rather than walk around it to add coils of clay. The earliest forms of the potter's wheel (called ""tourneys"" or ""slow wheels"") were probably developed as an extension to this procedure. Tournettes, in use around 4500 BC in the Near East, were turned slowly by hand or by foot while coiling a pot. Only a small range of vessels were fashioned on the tournette, suggesting that it was used by a limited number of potters. The introduction of the slow wheel increased the efficiency of hand-powered pottery production. In the

ceramic ware was hand-built using a simple coiling technique in which clay was rolled into long threads that were then pinched and smoothed together to form the body of a vessel. In the coiling method of construction, all the energy required to form the main part of a piece is supplied indirectly by the hands of the potter. Early ceramics built by coiling were often placed on mats or large leaves to allow them to be worked more conveniently. The evidence of this lies in mat or leaf impressions left in the clay of the base of the pot. This

counterclockwise motion for the potter's wheel which is almost universal."" Hence the exact origin of the wheel is not wholly clear yet. In the Iron Age, the potter's wheel in common use had a turning platform about above the floor, connected by a long axle to a heavy flywheel at ground level. This arrangement allowed the potter to keep the turning wheel rotating by kicking the flywheel with the foot, leaving both hands free for manipulating the vessel under construction. However, from an ergonomic standpoint, sweeping the foot from side to side against the spinning hub is rather awkward. At

Wheel
""slow wheels"", were known in the Middle East by the 5th millennium BCE (one of the earliest examples was discovered at Tepe Pardis, Iran, and dated to 5200–4700 BCE). These were made of stone or clay and secured to the ground with a peg in the center, but required significant effort to turn. True (freely-spinning) potter's wheels were apparently in use in Mesopotamia by 3500 BCE and possibly as early as 4000 BCE, and the oldest surviving example, which was found in Ur (modern day Iraq), dates to approximately 3100 BCE. The first evidence of wheeled vehicles appears in the

Wheel
the latter two both meaning ""circle"" or ""wheel"". The invention of the wheel falls into the late Neolithic, and may be seen in conjunction with other technological advances that gave rise to the early Bronze Age. This implies the passage of several wheel-less millennia even after the invention of agriculture and of pottery, during the Aceramic Neolithic. The Halaf culture of 6500–5100 BCE is sometimes credited with the earliest depiction of a wheeled vehicle, but this is doubtful as there is no evidence of Halafians using either wheeled vehicles or even pottery wheels. Precursors of wheels, known as ""tournettes"" or

mid to late 3rd millennium BC the ""fast wheel"" was developed, which operated on the flywheel principle. It utilised energy stored in the rotating mass of the heavy stone wheel itself to speed the process. This wheel was wound up and charged with energy by kicking, or pushing it around with a stick, providing a centrifugal force. The fast wheel enabled a new process of pottery-making to develop, called ""throwing"", in which a lump of clay was placed centrally on the wheel and then squeezed, lifted and shaped as the wheel turned. The process tends to leave rings on the

said to have formed the first humans on a potter's wheel. Potter's wheel In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of round ceramic ware. The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming the excess body from dried ware, and for applying incised decoration or rings of colour. Use of the potter's wheel became widespread throughout the Old World but was unknown in the Pre-Columbian New World, where pottery was handmade by methods that included coiling and beating. A potter's wheel may occasionally be referred to as a ""potter's lathe"".

"Where Are Ü Now"
Where Are Ü Now ""Where Are Ü Now"" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, ""Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü"" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album ""Purpose"" (2015). It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015. Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as

"Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song)"
Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song) ""Where Are You Now"" is a power ballad by the Pennsylvania-based 1980s band Synch. Co-written and sung by Synch band member Jimmy Harnen, the song was initially credited solely to 'Synch' when it was first released in 1986. In 1989, the song was re-released under the name 'Jimmy Harnen with Synch'. The song was featured on the Disney Channel sitcom, ""Liv and Maddie"". Synch was a band that formed in 1985, with Jimmy Harnen as the drummer. The band's other members were lead vocalist Lou Butwin, guitarist Dave Abraham, bassist James A. Donnelly

attire as women suspended in midair did acrobatics against a chrome-y, industrial video backdrop."" ""Where Are Ü Now"" was sampled in Craig David's single ""16"". Where Are Ü Now ""Where Are Ü Now"" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, ""Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü"" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album ""Purpose"" (2015). It was released

"Where Are You Now (My Love)"
minor hits in the UK. The song was written and recorded in just four days after Hatch was asked by Granada TV to produce a song for the female lead in the programme to be seen on screen playing to herself. The lyrics were written by Trent in December 1964 (around Christmas), and she recorded the song in December 1964 just before she headed off to South Africa on a three-month tour. When the song first hit the screen, people contacted ""TV Times"" to ask where they could get it and the rush was on to get it into the

various parts of the song, allowing Mr. Bieber to answer himself from below and harmonize above. They toyed with dance beats, keyboard chords and bass lines — thickening the song and then thinning it again. They concocted sounds that were determinedly different from standard dance-club fare; what seems like a snare drum, for instance, is actually a tweaked version of an Indian tabla."" ""Where Are Ü Now"" was released as the duo's second single from their debut album, ""Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü"" (2015) on February 27, 2015, and was later released as a bonus track on Bieber's fourth

and colored pastels. Two teasers for the video were released on June 26, 2015, with Samsung+ debuting the video on June 27, 2015, and YouTube and Vevo on June 29, 2015. According to the duo in a post on YouTube, ""We are being overwhelmed, in a good way, by the success of 'Where Are Ü Now' with Justin Bieber, so with the video we wanted to just take it back to the beginning of the record and essentially create an ode to our fans. Doing what we do, it's entirely all about the fans. We walk a fine line by

top of two publications. It also won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording. Commercially, the song peaked at number eight on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, giving both Skrillex and Diplo their first top 10 single on the chart, also giving Bieber his seventh. Internationally, the song has peaked within the top-ten of the charts in eight countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. While writing with Poo Bear for his upcoming album at the time, Justin Bieber heard a demo of an instrumental piano ballad Boyd did with Karl Rubin and enjoyed it, calling it ""special"". Later, he

performance to date."" ""Where Are Ü Now"" was a commercial success, reaching the top-ten in the singer's native Canada, the U.S., and several other territories. In the United States, ""Where Are Ü Now"" debuted at number 97, and during its seventh week the song entered the top-forty at number 40. Five weeks later, the song jumped to number twenty, becoming Bieber's 15th top-twenty hit and his first since ""Heartbreaker"" (2013). It was also Skrillex and Diplo's first as lead artists. The song peaked six weeks later, reaching number eight – Bieber's first top-ten hit since ""Beauty and a Beat"" (2012).

at #10 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in June 1989. It also hit #3 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Harnen's debut solo album, ""Can't Fight the Midnight"" was released the same year. Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song) ""Where Are You Now"" is a power ballad by the Pennsylvania-based 1980s band Synch. Co-written and sung by Synch band member Jimmy Harnen, the song was initially credited solely to 'Synch' when it was first released in 1986. In 1989, the song was re-released under the name 'Jimmy Harnen with Synch'. The song was featured on the Disney Channel sitcom, ""Liv

"Wherever You Will Go"
Wherever You Will Go ""Wherever You Will Go"" is the debut single by American band The Calling. The song was released on May 21, 2001 as the first single from their debut studio album ""Camino Palmero"" (2001). It remains their most renowned and their most successful hit, peaking at number five on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and topping the Adult Top 40 for 23 weeks, the second longest-running number one in the chart's history, behind ""Smooth"" by Santana and Rob Thomas. It was named the number-one song of the decade of 2000's on the Adult Pop Charts by ""Billboard"" magazine.

Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their

"Super Bowl LIII"
Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On May 19, 2015, the league announced the four finalists that will compete to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019, LIV in 2020, and LV in

the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference

that the American pop rock band, Maroon 5, will headline the game's halftime show, though neither the NFL nor Maroon 5 have confirmed the reports. Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On

October 8, 2013, the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII: On May 20, 2014, the league's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The NFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles, while the AFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed New England Patriots, marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference. The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13–3, the same as New England, Minnesota, and Pittsburgh, but the various tie-breaking provisions

"Super Bowl 50"
Super Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Carolina Panthers, 24–10. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California (located in the San Francisco Bay Area). As this was the 50th Super Bowl game, the league emphasized the ""golden anniversary"" with various gold-themed initiatives during the 2015 season, as well as suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with

nomenclature returned to Roman numerals for Super Bowl LI, following the 2016 regular season. The most recent Super Bowl was Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, following the 2017 regular season. The game was created as a part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in the AFL–NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesignated as a ""conference"", and the game has since been played between the

"2018 Sugar Bowl"
2018 Sugar Bowl The 2018 Sugar Bowl was a College Football Playoff semifinal bowl game that was played on January 1, 2018 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The 84th Sugar Bowl game, it matched two of the top four teams selected by the Selection Committee to compete for a spot at the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 8, 2018, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. It was one of the 2017–18 bowl games that concluded the 2017 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Allstate insurance company, the game is officially known as the Allstate

"2017–18 NFL playoffs"
2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own

"Full House"
station to become co-host of a new local breakfast TV show, ""Wake Up, San Francisco"", and is teamed up with Nebraska native Rebecca Donaldson. Jesse and Becky eventually fall in love and get married in season four. In season five, Becky gives birth to twin sons, Nicky and Alex. The producers' first choice to play the character of Danny Tanner was Bob Saget. Saget was not available to appear in the pilot due to his commitment as an on-air contributor to CBS's ""The Morning Program"". The producers instead cast actor John Posey to play Danny. Posey only appeared in the

It has also had tie-in merchandise marketed, such as a series of paperback books. A sequel series, ""Fuller House"", premiered on Netflix on February 26, 2016. After the death of his wife Pam, sports anchor Danny Tanner recruits his brother-in-law Jesse (John Stamos), a rock musician; and his best friend since childhood, Joey (Dave Coulier) who works as a stand-up comedian, to help raise his three young daughters. Over time, the three men, as well as the children, bond and become closer to one another. In season two, Danny is re-assigned from his duties as sports anchor by his television

"Full House (manhwa)"
across the street, she narrowly avoids being hit by a car, but the wheel does roll over her foot. And the owner of the car turns out to be none other than Ryder Bayer. As compensation for the accident, she asks for her house back, but he refuses, and they decide to enter a contract marriage and split the house between them. The manhwa is about their explosive marriage, and how they eventually fell in love with each other despite cataclysmic fights and dirty scandals. Born to a Korean father and an English Mother, Elle is an aspiring screenwriter. Her

played by Daniel and Kevin Renteria, and in season six, the roles of the twins were succeeded by Blake and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit. The last main character added was Steve Hale, who was D.J.'s boyfriend in seasons six and seven. He was played by Scott Weinger. The series was created by Jeff Franklin and executive produced by Franklin, along with Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett. The series was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar-Telepictures (1987–1988), Lorimar Television (1988–1993), and then by Warner Bros. Television (1993–1995) after Lorimar was folded into Warner Bros.'s existing

sisters occasionally appeared together in fantasy sequences.) All six of the original cast members remained with the show through its entire eight-year run, with five characters added to the main cast along the way. D.J.'s best friend Kimmy was a recurring character in seasons one through four, who was upgraded to a regular in season five. Rebecca originally appeared for six episodes in season two; producers decided to expand her role and made her a regular the following season. After marrying Jesse, they have twins Nicky and Alex, who make their debut in season five. As babies, the children were

unaired pilot (which is included on the DVD release of Season 1). John Stamos's character was originally named Jesse Cochran; Stamos reportedly wanted his character to better reflect his Greek heritage, so producers decided to change the character's surname to Katsopolis (beginning with season two). To comply with child labor laws, twins Ashley and Mary-Kate Olsen were cast to alternate in the role of Michelle during tapings. The girls were jointly credited as ""Mary Kate Ashley Olsen"" in seasons two through seven because the producers did not want audiences to know that the Michelle character was played by twins. (The

entire life to his ""Young Master"", Ryder. He addresses everyone as ""Miss"" or ""Mr"", and always wears a suit and sunglasses even in summer or on vacation, saying he wants to look appropriate for his job. He was the one who originally kicked Ellie out of her house, though he does not remember. He is Ryder's secretary, and also does all of the cooking, cleaning, and driving for Ryder, refusing to let him hire a house keeper or cook since he'd rather be by Ryder's side. He falls in love with Ellie's best friend Christine, and roots for the couple

Full House Full House is an American television sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for ABC. The show chronicles the events of widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and best friend Joey Gladstone to help raise his three daughters, oldest D.J., middle child Stephanie and youngest Michelle in his San Francisco home. It aired from September 22, 1987, to May 23, 1995, broadcasting eight seasons and 192 episodes. While never a critical favorite, the series was consistently in the Nielsen Top 30 (from 1988 onward) and gained even more popularity in syndicated reruns and also aired internationally.

the first season, although the creators and producers said they could still possibly appear in future seasons. Stamos would guest star as well and serve as producer. Filming began on July 25, 2015. Like the original series, the show is set in San Francisco. The original series idea was focused on D.J., a veterinarian struggling to raise three boys after her firefighter husband Tommy Fuller is killed in the line of duty; Stephanie, who is aspiring to become a musician; and Kimmy, who is a party planner and a single mother to a teenage daughter, Ramona. The show's premise follows

"Jesse Frederick"
before Bob Saget became available for the role). Fitting in with the character's new image, it is believed that naming him ""Jesse"" and turning him into a rocker was inspired by the real-life persona of Frederick. However, series creator Jeff Franklin has stated that when the character was being renamed, he was reminded of Elvis Presley's twin brother Jesse, who had died at a young age. In 2015, ""Everywhere You Look"" was re-recorded with Carly Rae Jepsen on vocals for ""Full House""'s Netflix sequel series, ""Fuller House"". Joining ABC's established Miller/Boyett shows on the newly developed ""TGIF"" in September 1989

"End of the Road (Boyz II Men song)"
End of the Road (Boyz II Men song) ""End of the Road"" is a single recorded by American R&B group Boyz II Men for the ""Boomerang"" soundtrack. It was released in 1992 and written and produced by Kenneth ""Babyface"" Edmonds, L.A. Reid and Daryl Simmons. ""End of the Road"" achieved overwhelming domestic and international success and is considered one of the most successful songs of all time. In the United States, ""End of the Road"" spent a then record breaking 13 weeks at number one on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, a record broken later in the year by Whitney

"The End of the Road"
The End of the Road The End of the Road is the second novel by American writer John Barth, published first in 1958, and then in a revised edition in 1967. The irony-laden black comedy's protagonist Jacob Horner suffers from a nihilistic paralysis he calls ""cosmopsis""—an inability to choose a course of action from all possibilities. As part of a schedule of unorthodox therapies, Horner's nameless Doctor has him take a teaching job at a local teachers' college. There Horner befriends the super-rational Joe Morgan and his wife Rennie. The trio become entangled in a love triangle, with tragic results.

on ""Billboard""s ""All Time Top 100 Songs"". Internationally, ""End of the Road"" reached number one in Australia, United Kingdom and the Hot 100 Eurochart, among others. ""End of the Road"" has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over one million units in the United States. The song also won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best R&B Song at the 1993 Grammy Awards. ""End of the Road"" was released on June 30, 1992. It was released as a single from the ""Boomerang"" soundtrack and did not originally appear

"End of the Road (1970 film)"
End of the Road (1970 film) End of the Road is a 1970 American comedy drama film directed, co-written, and edited by Aram Avakian and adapted from a 1958 novel by John Barth, and stars Stacy Keach, James Earl Jones and Harris Yulin. The film was given an X rating for an abortion scene, and other frank scenes including one in which a naked man rapes a chicken. The film won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival. A nine-page ""Life Magazine"" article was published on Aram Avakian and ""End of the Road"" on November 7, 1969. Avakian

7"" single Cassette single 1993 Grammy Awards End of the Road (Boyz II Men song) ""End of the Road"" is a single recorded by American R&B group Boyz II Men for the ""Boomerang"" soundtrack. It was released in 1992 and written and produced by Kenneth ""Babyface"" Edmonds, L.A. Reid and Daryl Simmons. ""End of the Road"" achieved overwhelming domestic and international success and is considered one of the most successful songs of all time. In the United States, ""End of the Road"" spent a then record breaking 13 weeks at number one on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, a record

seated and writing, and closes with him doing the same until the audience has left. The production won a Joseph Jefferson Award in 1993. The End of the Road The End of the Road is the second novel by American writer John Barth, published first in 1958, and then in a revised edition in 1967. The irony-laden black comedy's protagonist Jacob Horner suffers from a nihilistic paralysis he calls ""cosmopsis""—an inability to choose a course of action from all possibilities. As part of a schedule of unorthodox therapies, Horner's nameless Doctor has him take a teaching job at a local

later, such as ""Lost in the Funhouse"" (1968) and ""LETTERS"" (1979). Critics have been divided over whether Barth identified with the book's protagonist, who retreats from emotion and human relations through language and intellectual analysis; Jake prefers to keep even his sexual relations impersonal. Language is presented as a distortion of experience, yet nevertheless unavoidable. In his later novels Barth forefronted the artifice in his writing, beginning with ""The Sot-Weed Factor"" (1960), a work Barth conceived as the last of a ""loose trilogy of novels"". A 1970 film loosely based on the novel stars James Earl Jones, Stacy Keach and

The narrative conflict echoes an ethical conflict between the characters' value systems that Joe insists is inevitable. ""The End of the Road"" is the only work of Barth's to have been adapted to film. Director Aram Avakian's loose adaptation (1970) stars James Earl Jones, Stacy Keach and Harris Yulin in their earliest feature roles. Graphic scenes earned the film an X rating, such as those of the botched abortion and of what Barth calls a ""man rapes chicken"" scene not found in the book. Barth and critics widely panned the movie; Barth wrote disdainfully about it in the introduction to

"The End of the Road (1954 film)"
The End of the Road (1954 film) The End of the Road is a 1954 British drama film directed by Wolf Rilla and starring Finlay Currie, Duncan Lamont and Naomi Chance. It was made at Beaconsfield Studios. A veteran worker refuses to accept when he has retirement forced upon him by his employers. The film historians Steve Chibnall and Brian McFarlane note that ""The End of the Road"" was ""rightly praised"" at the time of its release by ""Kinematograph Weekly"" as ""provocative and purposeful entertainment"", and they add that it is ""characterised by a real feeling for cramped working-class life

made a companion documentary, ""An Amazing Time: A Conversation About End of the Road"". After a catatonic episode on a railway station platform, Jacob Horner is taken to ""The Farm"", a bizarre insane asylum run by Doctor D. After being cured, Jacob takes a job as an English lecturer and begins a disastrous affair with Rennie, the wife of a colleague. End of the Road (1970 film) End of the Road is a 1970 American comedy drama film directed, co-written, and edited by Aram Avakian and adapted from a 1958 novel by John Barth, and stars Stacy Keach, James Earl

what year did the golden state warriors win their first nba championship

ever regular season, most wins in a season (regular season and postseason combined), as well as the best ever postseason run. The team's six NBA championships are tied for third-most in NBA history with the Chicago Bulls. According to ""Forbes"", the Warriors are the seventh highest valued sports franchise in the United States, and joint-tenth in the world, with an estimated value of approximately $3.1 billion. The Warriors were founded in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors, a charter member of the Basketball Association of America. They were owned by Peter A. Tyrrell, who also owned the Philadelphia Rockets of the

in Philadelphia, the 76ers. Angered by management's failure to pay him certain incentive bonuses he felt were due him, Barry sat out the 1967–68 season and signed with the Oakland Oaks of the rival American Basketball Association for the following year, but after four seasons in the ABA rejoined the Warriors in 1972. During Barry's absence, the Warriors were no longer title contenders, and the mantle of leadership fell to Thurmond, Jeff Mullins and Rudy LaRusso. They began scheduling more home games in Oakland with the opening of the Oakland Coliseum Arena in 1966 and the 1970–71 season would be

its finest moments. In 1962, Franklin Mieuli purchased the majority shares of the team and relocated the franchise to the San Francisco Bay Area, renaming them the San Francisco Warriors. The Warriors played most of their home games at the Cow Palace in Daly City (the facility lies just south of the San Francisco city limits) from 1962 to 1964 and the San Francisco Civic Auditorium from 1964 to 1966, though occasionally playing home games in nearby cities such as Oakland and San Jose. Prior to the 1963–64 NBA season, the Warriors drafted big man Nate Thurmond to go along

in the 1955–56 season, defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one. The Warrior stars of this era were future Hall of Famers Paul Arizin, Tom Gola and Neil Johnston. In 1959, the team signed draft pick Wilt Chamberlain. Known as ""Wilt the Stilt"", he led the team in scoring six times, quickly began shattering NBA scoring records and changed the NBA style of play forever. On March 2, 1962, in a Warrior ""home"" game played on a neutral court in Hershey, Pennsylvania, Chamberlain scored 100 points against the New York Knicks, a single-game record the NBA ranks among

American Hockey League. Tyrrell hired Eddie Gottlieb, a longtime basketball promoter in the Philadelphia area, as coach and general manager. The owners named the team after the Philadelphia Warriors, an old basketball team who played in the American Basketball League in 1925. Led by early scoring sensation Joe Fulks, the team won the championship in the league's inaugural 1946–47 season by defeating the Chicago Stags, four games to one. The NBA, which was created by a 1949 merger, officially recognizes that as its own first championship. Gottlieb bought the team in 1951. The Warriors won its next championship in Philadelphia

"History of the Golden State Warriors"
the Philadelphia Warriors, a charter member of the Basketball Association of America. They were owned by Peter A. Tyrrell, who also owned the Philadelphia Rockets of the American Hockey League. Tyrell hired Eddie Gottlieb, a longtime basketball promoter in the Philadelphia area, as coach and general manager. He named the team after an early professional team in the city. Led by early scoring sensation Joe Fulks, they won the championship in the league's inaugural 1946–47 season by defeating the Chicago Stags, four games to one. (The BAA became the National Basketball Association in 1949.) Among the individual Warrior highlights of

the team's last as the San Francisco Warriors. The franchise adopted its brand name Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–72 season, in order to suggest that the team represented the entire state of California. Almost all home games were played in Oakland that season; six were played in San Diego, but none in San Francisco or Daly City. Oakland Arena became the team's exclusive home court in 1971. The Warriors made the playoffs from 1971 to 1977 except in 1974, and won their first NBA championship on the West Coast in 1974–75. In what many consider the biggest upset

Fame trident Paul Arizin, Tom Gola, and Neil Johnston. However, the Warriors would not return to similar heights in Philadelphia, and after a brief rebuilding period following the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain, the team moved to San Francisco. Under the guise of Jamaal Wilkes and Rick Barry, the Warriors returned to being title contenders, and won their third championship in 1975, in what is largely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history. However, this preceded another period of struggle in the 1980s, before becoming playoff regulars to close the century with the rise of stars Tim Hardaway,

"Rockstar (Nickelback song)"
Rockstar (Nickelback song) ""Rockstar"" is the fifth U.S. single by the Canadian rock band Nickelback from their fifth album, ""All the Right Reasons"" (2005). It was initially only released in the United States and Canada, and has since been re-released worldwide. The lyrics feature the pretentious, materialistic desires of a wannabe rockstar, who craves money, cars and women. Spoken-word vocals between each verse are provided by Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top. ""Rockstar"" is Nickelback's most popular single, peaking at number two in the United Kingdom and being certified Platinum. It has also sold 4.5 million copies in the United States.

"Rockstar (Poison song)"
Rockstar (Poison song) ""Rockstar"" is a song by American Rock band Poison it was released as the first single from their then upcoming album ""Hollyweird"". The song was first released as a digital download single on May 27, 2001 and then as a CD single in May 2002. The lyrics were written by Bret Michaels and C.C. DeVille. ""Rockstar"" has been performed 20 times by the band in concert. Its first performance was on May 27, 2001. It was a regular in the setlist on the Glam, Slam, Metal, Jam Tour, but only played once on the Hollyweird World Tour.

"Party Like a Rockstar"
Party Like a Rockstar ""Party Like a Rockstar"" is a song by American hip hop group Shop Boyz. It was released as the lead single from their debut album ""Rockstar Mentality"" (2007). It reached high success during summer 2007 and was successful in the United States, peaking in the top five on the ""Billboard"" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, Hot Rap Tracks, and Hot 100 charts. The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 50th Grammy Awards. The song is based around two electric guitar riffs (taken from ""Crazy Train"" by Ozzy Osbourne). It also

much love and respect for Shop Boyz, and I would never do anything to block their shine."" Party Like a Rockstar ""Party Like a Rockstar"" is a song by American hip hop group Shop Boyz. It was released as the lead single from their debut album ""Rockstar Mentality"" (2007). It reached high success during summer 2007 and was successful in the United States, peaking in the top five on the ""Billboard"" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, Hot Rap Tracks, and Hot 100 charts. The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 50th Grammy Awards. The

"Rock Star (N.E.R.D song)"
in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2002 in Australia, which is the world's largest annual music poll. Rock Star (N.E.R.D song) ""Rock Star"" is a song by American funk rock band N*E*R*D. It was released as the second single from their debut studio album ""In Search of..."" (2001). The song, the second single off the album, performed better in the United Kingdom than their previous single ""Lapdance"", peaking at number 15. It also became the group's first single to chart in Australia. The song acted as a ""second first single"" of sorts, as it followed the group's debut ""Lapdance,"" but

"I Wanna Rock"
I Wanna Rock ""I Wanna Rock"" is a song written and composed by Dee Snider and performed by his band Twisted Sister. It was released on the 1984 album ""Stay Hungry"". Like the earlier ""We're Not Gonna Take It"", the video features actor Mark Metcalf, best known as the abusive ROTC leader Douglas C. Neidermeyer from the movie ""National Lampoon's Animal House"". Here, he plays a teacher with a similar personality to Neidermeyer, who harasses a student for drawing the Twisted Sister logo on his notebook. He chastises the student by shouting ""What kind of a man desecrates a defenseless

"Rockstar (Post Malone song)"
Rockstar (Post Malone song) ""Rockstar"" (stylized with a lowercase ""R"") is a song by American rapper Post Malone. It was released on September 15, 2017, by Republic Records as the lead single from his second studio album ""Beerbongs & Bentleys"" (2018). The track features a guest verse from fellow American rapper 21 Savage. It was written by Post Malone, 21 Savage, Louis Bell, Carl Austin Rosen, Joey Bada$$ and Olufunmibi Awoshiley, and produced by Tank God and Bell (who co-produced ""Congratulations""). The track reached number one on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and reached the top spot in several other

Rock Star (N.E.R.D song) ""Rock Star"" is a song by American funk rock band N*E*R*D. It was released as the second single from their debut studio album ""In Search of..."" (2001). The song, the second single off the album, performed better in the United Kingdom than their previous single ""Lapdance"", peaking at number 15. It also became the group's first single to chart in Australia. The song acted as a ""second first single"" of sorts, as it followed the group's debut ""Lapdance,"" but was the first single to be released from the second, more streamlined version of ""In Search Of...""

"Rock'n Me"
Rock'n Me ""Rock'n Me"" (also known as ""Rock 'N Me"") is a song by American rock group Steve Miller Band, written by the group's leader Steve Miller. The song was released as the second single from the group's ninth studio album ""Fly Like an Eagle"" in 1976; Miller also produced the song and album as well as performed on it. The North American release of the single was generally credited to Steve Miller as a person, while the European release was generally credited to the Steve Miller Band as a whole group. The single achieved lasting commercial and critical success,

"Tornadoes in New England"
local time, and move at a forward speed of around . There have been 34 killer tornadoes in New England's recorded history. Several of these tornadoes have killed people: Only two tornadoes in the history of New England have killed more than 10 people: the 1953 Worcester Tornado and the 1878 Wallingford tornado. The Worcester Tornado killed as many as 94 people in Worcester, Massachusetts, on June 9, 1953, and the Wallingford Tornado killed as many as 34 in Wallingford, Connecticut, on August 8, 1878. These two tornadoes, both estimated to be of F4 intensity on the Fujita scale, killed

"1938 New England hurricane"
of the storm, at 3.53 meters above mean sea level according to a NOAA study. This storm level is 0.98 meters above the SLOSH model of a 100-year storm, and one estimate is that this water level ""reflects a storm occurring roughly once every 400 years."" A study of sand deposits also gives evidence that this was the strongest hurricane to hit Rhode Island in over 300 years. The Fox Point Hurricane Barrier was completed in 1966 because of the massive flooding from the 1938 storm, and from the even higher 14.4 foot (4.4 meters) storm surge that resulted from

"Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New England"
Island was along the coastline and in southern towns, including deep into Narragansett Bay. The storm surge washed away large sections of the Newport Cliff Walk. The walk was closed through June 2014, when it reopened after a $5.2 million restoration. Damage across Rhode Island amounted to $11.2 million. Wind gusts to were recorded on outer Cape Cod and Buzzards Bay. Over 385,000 customers were without power as of the afternoon of October 29, and flooding of roadways and buildings was reported. As of 2 p.m. November 1, about 12,000 customers were still without power in the state. As of

"1815 New England hurricane"
1815 New England hurricane The Great September Gale of 1815 (the word ""hurricane"" was not yet current in American English at the time) is one of five ""major hurricanes"" (Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) to strike New England since 1635. At the time it struck, the Great September Gale was the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years. After striking on Long Island, the hurricane caused major damages in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island. Rhode Island suffered the worst damage, as the storm surge flooded towns along Narragansett Bay up to and including Providence.

"History of Connecticut"
that the repeal is against the majority view of the state's citizens, as 62% are for retaining it. In 2011 and 2012, Connecticut was hit by three major storms in the space of just over 14 months, with all three causing extensive property damage and electric outages. Hurricane Irene struck Connecticut August 28 with the storm blamed for the deaths of three residents. Damage totaled $235 million, including 20 houses that were destroyed in East Haven. Two months later in late October, the so-called ""Halloween nor'easter"" dropped extensive snow onto trees in Connecticut that still had foliage, resulting in a

"1869 Atlantic hurricane season"
1954, Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Gerda in 1969, and Hurricane Gloria in 1985. In Maine, the high rainfall caused widespread flooding, while the high winds destroyed at least 90 houses. The hurricane quickly weakened over land, and after turning northeastward into Atlantic Canada dissipated on October 5 near the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The hurricane was referred as Saxby's Gale after Lieutenant S.M. Saxby of the Royal Navy predicted in November 1868 that an unusually violent storm would produce very high tides on October 5; he did not specify the location, however. Although heavy damage occurred in New England,

"New England Flood of May 2006"
New England Flood of May 2006 The New England Flood of May 2006 was a flood event that occurred in New England, especially in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, during the month of May, 2006. It started on May 11, 2006 as a result of an unusually strong low pressure system that stalled over the central United States, drawing copious amounts of moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. Most of this moisture was drawn directly over New England, producing continuous heavy rain that led to record flooding near several rivers. It was described as the worst flooding since the New England Hurricane

of 1938. There were no reports of injuries or fatalities. Some called it the Mother's Day Flood, since it occurred on that holiday. Hundreds of residents were evacuated from their homes as the waters rose. Several communities saw extensive flooding, particularly along the Merrimack River. Much of New England was under a flood warning or flash flood warning at some point in time. The governors of Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire each declared a state of emergency for all or part of their respective states as a result of the flooding. Compared to farther north and east, the flooding was

relatively minor in Connecticut. It was most notable in low-lying areas along the Connecticut River. Extreme southern Maine saw significant flooding, especially around the Mousam River, where evacuations were underway as the river rose quickly. Downtown York Beach was underwater, and severe flooding was also reported in the Kennebunk area. The Spaulding Dam along the lower Salmon Falls River near Lebanon was also in danger of bursting, which led to the evacuation of portions of the community. Numerous rivers overflowed in northeastern Massachusetts, and urban flooding also occurred. Thousands of people were evacuated and water was reported to be up

"1940 New England hurricane"
1940 New England hurricane The 1940 New England hurricane moved off of the U.S. East Coast and Atlantic Canada in August and September 1940, producing strong winds and torrential rainfall. The fourth tropical cyclone and third hurricane of the season, the storm originated from a well-defined low-pressure area in the open Atlantic Ocean on August 26. Moving slowly in a general west-northwest motion, the disturbance intensified, reaching tropical storm strength on August 28 and subsequently hurricane intensity on August 30. The hurricane passed within 85 mi (135 km) of Cape Hatteras before recurving towards the northeast. The hurricane continued to

"Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's relay"
yet hit, the competitor must ski a 150-metre penalty loop. Norway, led by triple gold medalist Ole Einar Bjørndalen, were the defending World Cup winners, led the 2001/02 World Cup, and were defending Olympic champions. The defending World Champions were France, while Germany were the only other country with more than one individual medal at the Games, and had won two of the four World Cup relays. Clean shooting had Ukraine, with Vyacheslav Derkach, and Russia, with Viktor Maigourov, out of the first shoot in the lead, with most of the top teams near them, but Norway some 25 seconds

coming to the exchange 18 and 29 seconds behind the Russians, respectively. Sergei Rozhkov took over in the lead for the Russians, and while he missed two on his first shoot, so did his closest pursuer, Frode Andresen, leaving the gap the same. However, both Germany, with Peter Sendel, and France with Vincent Defrasne, missed only once, and cut the lead down to around 20 seconds. All four of these skiers missed once on the second shoot, but it was Andresen who made up ground, passing Rozhkov before the end of the shoot, and extending the lead to a full

and Tchepikov, still together, and both missing twice. Fischer's charge back saw him get within 20 seconds of that pair, after missing just once. By the changeover, Gjelland's lead was over a minute, with Tchepikov dropping Robert by ten seconds, and Fischer coming back into third, passing the French. Ole Einar Bjørndalen's missed two on the first shoot, and while that saw the gap to the chasing teams shrink, it was still over 40 seconds. Frank Luck, going for Germany, and Raphaël Poirée, for France, both shot clear, passing Russia's Pavel Rostovtsev, who missed once. Bjørndalen would miss again on

"Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's individual"
Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's individual The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held on 11 February, at Soldier Hollow. Competitors raced over five loops of a 4.0 kilometre skiing course, shooting four times, twice prone and twice standing. Each miss resulted in one minute being added to a competitor's skiing time. Raphaël Poirée was defending overall World Cup champion, while Sergei Rozhkov was the defending World Cup champion in the individual race. Paavo Puurunen had won the most recent world championships, and Halvard Hanevold had won the 1998 Olympic title.

"2002 Winter Olympics medal table"
In the ensuing controversy, it was revealed that French judge Marie-Reine Le Gougne had been pressured into voting for the Russians. Salé and Pelletier were later upgraded to gold. In the cross-country skiing 30 km race, Norwegians Thomas Alsgaard and Frode Estil originally tied for a silver medal behind Spain's Johann Muehlegg. Muehlegg had won three gold medals but tested positive for darbepoetin after winning his third. He was originally allowed to keep the other two gold medals, but two years later was stripped of all medals by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Per Elofsson of Sweden was awarded

"Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's pursuit"
start over a minute behind Bjørndalen. Pavel Rostovtsev was the defending World Champion, though unlike the World Championships, where he started with the lead, in Salt Lake he started a minute behind the leader, in 6th. Bjørndalen missed a shot on his first set of attempts, but still held the lead after the first shot, as even a clear shoot from Fischer behind him still gave the Norwegian a 14-second lead. Perner missed once to fall back, with Groß going clear to move into a clear third. That was as close as anyone would get to Bjørndalen all day, as

behind after Halvard Hanevold missed a shot. Ukraine's time in the lead was short-lived, as they fell out of contention after Derkach went on the penalty loop after the second shoot. That put the Russians into the lead, after Maigurov shot clear again. They left some ten seconds ahead of Gilles Marguet of France and Petr Garabík of the Czech Republic. Hanevold shot clear to pull his team back up into 4th spot. Maigurov was strong in the ski into the exchange, exteing his lead over France and the Czechs, while Hanevold and Germany's Ricco Groß both equalled Maigurov's time,

few days earlier. Only the top 60 from the sprint were eligible to enter, though three athletes of the top 60 opted not to start. Ole Einar Bjørndalen, having won both of the previous individual events in Soldier Hollow, was going for an unprecedented sweep, and based on his win in the sprint, would start 29 seconds ahead of Sven Fischer, and more than 50 seconds ahead of the third and fourth starters, Wolfgang Perner and Ricco Groß. The World Cup pursuit leader, and defending World Cup overall and pursuit champion Raphael Poirée, was another serious challenger, but he would

20 seconds over the Russian, now joined by Defrasne, at the hand off. Egil Gjelland increased Norway's lead, shooting clear to open the third leg, getting more than 30 seconds over Russia's Sergei Tchepikov, who shot clear, and France's Julien Robert, who missed once, but didn't cede any time to the Russian. Germany's Sven Fischer had a terrible shoot, going on the penalty loop and leaving his team more than a minute in arrears. Gjelland missed a shot on the second shoot, but by this point it didn't seem to matter, as he was nearly a minute clear of Robert

Ole Einar Bjørndalen, who had finished just behind Poirée in the overall world cup, had dominated the test event in 2001, winning all three races, including the individual, beating Sven Fischer. Frank Luck led the World Cup in the Individual entering the Games, having won one of the warmup events, with Pavel Rostovtsev and Daniel Mesotitsch winning the others. Bjørndalen, having just placed 5th in the 30 kilometre cross-country race, was the earliest of the favourites to start. He missed once on both his second and third shoots, but still had the fastest time, just ahead of Viktor Maigourov, who

"Dwyane Wade"
Dwyane Wade Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. ( ; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ""Redeem Team"", in scoring, and helped them capture

role and became the leader of the second unit. On February 8, 2018, at the NBA trade deadline, the Cavaliers committed to a massive overhaul of their roster. After acquiring guards Jordan Clarkson, George Hill and Rodney Hood, combined with the youth movement of Cedi Osman, it was made clear to Wade that his role with the Cavaliers would be reduced. Cleveland wanted to ""do right"" by Wade, and as such, Wade was traded back to the Miami Heat in exchange for a protected 2024 second-round draft pick. At the funeral of Wade's long-time agent Henry Thomas in January 2018,

"LaMonte Wade"
LaMonte Wade LaMonte Aaron Wade Jr. (born January 1, 1994) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Minnesota Twins organization. Wade attended St. Paul's School in Brooklandville, Maryland, and the University of Maryland, College Park, where he played college baseball for the Maryland Terrapins. He played as a first baseman in his freshman year, but then became a center fielder. For the Terrapins, Wade had a .394 on-base percentage in three seasons, walking more times than he struck out. The Minnesota Twins selected Wade in the ninth round, with the 260th overall selection, of the 2015 MLB draft. He

"Tyler Wade"
Tyler Wade Tyler Dean Wade (born November 23, 1994) is an American professional baseball shortstop / Second baseman for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). Wade attended Murrieta Valley High School in Murrieta, California. The New York Yankees selected Wade in the fourth round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft. He had committed to play college baseball at San Diego State University, but chose to forgo his commitment and sign with the Yankees, for a $371,300 signing bonus. Wade made his professional debut with the Gulf Coast Yankees of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League. Near the

"Triston Wade"
Triston Wade Triston Wade (born May 19, 1993) is an American football free safety for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He played in college for the UTSA Roadrunners football team. He is the son of Yu-Tandrain Smith and the late Reginald Wade. Triston Wade began his career at UTSA as a part of the ""Original 18"" in their inaugural season in 2011. He earned the starting role as a safety his freshman year and started every game the next 3 seasons, and graduated after the 2014 season. Triston was signed by the Seattle Seahawks on May 8,

"Cyrus Kouandjio"
Cyrus Kouandjio Cyrus Berenice Kouandjio ( ) (born July 21, 1993) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the second round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama. Kouandjio attended DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland, where he played football for the Stags program. He competed in the 2011 Under Armour All-America Game. Kouandjio, a five-star and consensus top offensive line prospect in the nation by Rivals.com, ESPN, Scout.com, and SuperPrep, received offers from over sixty schools, including: Alabama, Auburn, New Mexico,

"Trevin Wade"
competed with Chykie Brown, Jayron Hosley, Trumaine McBride, Bennett Jackson, Mike Harris, Chandler Fenner, and Josh Gordy for a backup cornerback position. He was named the Giant's third cornerback on their depth chart behind Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Prince Amukamara. He made his New York Giant's debut in their season-opening 26-27 loss to the Dallas Cowboys and recorded one tackle. On October 19, 2015, Wade earned his first career start in place of Prince Amukamara, who suffered a pectoral injury. He collected six combined tackle during the Giant's 7-27 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. The next game, Wade earned a career-high

and formed the non-denominational Temple of Praise Binding and Loosing Ministry in Chicago. In May 2008, Wade purchased a church building for his mother's ministry. Dwyane Wade Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. ( ; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP.

the season before being recalled for the remainder of the season on September 4. In 85 games for the RailRiders he batted .310 with seven home runs and 31 RBIs, and in 30 games for the Yankees, he slashed .155/.222/.224. On March 28, 2018, Wade announced via Instagram that he would be wearing number 12 for the upcoming 2018 Major League Baseball season, which was worn by third baseman Chase Headley the previous year. He began the season with the Yankees. On the first game of the 2018 season, Wade pinch hit for second baseman Neil Walker, but grounded out.

"Saquan Hampton"
Saquan Hampton Saquan Hampton (born December 12, 1995) is an American 2019 NFL Draft prospect from Rutgers University where he was a three-year starter and team captain his red-shirt senior season. Raised in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, Hampton attended Nottingham High School, where he was named New Jersey First Team All-Group IV, First Team All-South Jersey, and First Team All-Colonial Valley Conference honors after registering 17 tackles, 4 interceptions, averaging more than 38 yards per kickoff return, 13 yards per punt return on defense his senior season. He was named the Delaware Valley's Player of the Year by

"Alberta Nelson"
Nelson fought cancer of the jaw/throat for several years, dying on April 29, 2006, at age 68, in Willoughby Hills, Ohio. She was buried next to her mother and father at Laurel Hill Cemetery, Erie, Pennsylvania on May 2, 2006. Herbert Gilman died on June 29, 2007. He was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery on July 1, 2007. Alberta Nelson Alberta Nelson (August 14, 1937 – April 29, 2006) was an American television and film actress. After several dramatic parts in television in the early 1960s, she made five guest appearances on ""The Andy Griffith Show"". Alberta Ann Nelson was

"Shelley Taylor Morgan"
and Randolph Mantooth in ""The Mind with the Dirty Man"", and starring roles in the original plays ""Backbone of America"" at the Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles, and ""Aspirins and Elephants"". Shelley Taylor Morgan Shelley Taylor Morgan (born 3 September 1950) is an American actor who is best known for her playing Lorena Sharpe in the TV series ""General Hospital"" in the mid-1980s. Morgan began her career solely as an actress but eventually branched out to hosting, co-hosting, and contributing editor stints on a variety of shows. Some acting highlights include ""Scarface"", ""Days of Our Lives"", ""Archie Bunker's Place"", ""The

Alberta Nelson Alberta Nelson (August 14, 1937 – April 29, 2006) was an American television and film actress. After several dramatic parts in television in the early 1960s, she made five guest appearances on ""The Andy Griffith Show"". Alberta Ann Nelson was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, to Frank Alton Nelson (1909–1959) and Katherine Storkel Stephens Nelson (1900–1982). Her only sibling was a half-sister, Irene Stephens McAleer (1919–1994). After graduating from the Andrews School for Girls in Willoughby, Ohio, in 1955, she briefly attended St. John's Hospital School of Nursing in Cleveland, Ohio. In the late 1950s, she moved to New

"Bobbi Jordan"
lead writer for ""The Kate Smith Show"" in 1960. She was survived by her son, screenwriter Jordan Roberts (born Bruce Robert Jordan on June 19, 1957), two grandchildren, Brandon and Cameron, and her stepdaughter, Jessie Jacobson. Bobbi Jordan Roberta Carol ""Bobbi"" Jordan (née Bartlett; July 11, 1937 – November 9, 2012) was an American actress whose television and film credits included the soap opera ""General Hospital"" and the 1974 musical film ""Mame"". Her name is sometimes seen as Bobbie Jordan. Jordan was born and raised in Hardinsburg, Kentucky. She moved from Kentucky to Chicago, and then to Los Angeles, originally

"Frances Farmer"
Frances Farmer Frances Elena Farmer (September 19, 1913August 1, 1970) was an American actress and television host. She appeared in over a dozen feature films over the course of her career, though she garnered notoriety for the various sensationalized accounts of her life, especially her involuntary commitment to a psychiatric hospital and subsequent mental health struggles. A native of Seattle, Washington, Farmer began acting in stage productions while a student at the University of Washington. After graduating, she began performing in stock theater before signing a film contract with Paramount Pictures in 1936. She made her film debut in ""Too

Shelley Taylor Morgan Shelley Taylor Morgan (born 3 September 1950) is an American actor who is best known for her playing Lorena Sharpe in the TV series ""General Hospital"" in the mid-1980s. Morgan began her career solely as an actress but eventually branched out to hosting, co-hosting, and contributing editor stints on a variety of shows. Some acting highlights include ""Scarface"", ""Days of Our Lives"", ""Archie Bunker's Place"", ""The Sword and the Sorcerer"", ABC's ""Once and Again"", ""Tales from the Crypt"", and a role on ""Hunter"" where she created Kitty, a flaky but intelligent detective who appeared on several episodes

"Hope Summers"
Polanski's film classic ""Rosemary's Baby"" (1968). She acted until 1978, a year before her death from congestive heart failure in 1979, aged 77, in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. She is interred at Mountain View Cemetery in Walla Walla, Washington in the Masonic Section. Hope Summers Sarah Hope Summers (June 7, 1902 – July 22, 1979), better known as Hope Summers, was an American character actress known for her work on CBS's ""The Andy Griffith Show"" and ""Mayberry RFD"", portraying Clara Edwards. Hope Summers was born in Mattoon, Illinois, the daughter of U.S. Representative John W. Summers and Jennie (née

"Elinor ""Ellie"" Walker"
1964 season. A more credible story that Donahue relayed was that she was undergoing personal problems during her year on the show and simply lacked confidence in the quality of her performance. She asked the producers to release her from her contract, which they did. Donahue also admitted that she was a little hurt that they agreed so readily. Elinor ""Ellie"" Walker Elinor ""Ellie"" Walker is a fictional character in the American television sitcom ""The Andy Griffith Show"". She is notable for being Andy Taylor's first regular girlfriend seen on the show. Ellie makes 12 appearances in the first season.

"Almira Sessions"
""F Troop"", ""The Andy Griffith Show"", and ""The Carol Burnett Show"". While her credits in the 1970s were limited as her career wound down, the films and television shows in which she appeared well known. Her lone film credit was in the classic horror film ""Willard"" (1971), and her television credits included guest appearances on ""Marcus Welby, M.D."", ""Night Gallery"", and ""Love, American Style"". Sessions died on August 3, 1974, in Los Angeles, California. She is interred in Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Almira Sessions Almira Sessions (September 16, 1888 – August 3, 1974) was an American character actress of stage, screen

"Emily McLaughlin"
that Jessie had died. McLaughlin was married to actor Robert Lansing from 1956–68, with whom she had a son. After their divorce, she married actor Jeffrey Hunter in February 1969. Three months after the marriage, Hunter died of a cerebral hemorrhage on May 27, aged 42. McLaughlin's daughter Mary Ann Anderson, wrote and published ""Portrait of A Soap Star: the Emily McLaughlin Story."" Emily McLaughlin Emily McLaughlin (December 1, 1928 – April 26, 1991) was an American actress known for her long-standing role as Nurse Jessie Brewer on the ABC daytime soap opera ""General Hospital"". McLaughlin was born in White

"Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)"
Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Symphony No. 40 in G minor, KV. 550 was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is sometimes referred to as the ""Great G minor symphony"", to distinguish it from the ""Little G minor symphony"", No. 25. The two are the only extant minor key symphonies Mozart wrote. The date of completion of this symphony is known exactly, since Mozart in his mature years kept a full catalog of his completed works; he entered the 40th Symphony into it on 25 July 1788. Work on the symphony occupied an exceptionally productive period of just a

certainly, however, the most common perception today is that the symphony is tragic in tone and intensely emotional; for example, Charles Rosen (in ""The Classical Style"") has called the symphony ""a work of passion, violence, and grief."" Although interpretations differ, the symphony is unquestionably one of Mozart's most greatly admired works, and it is frequently performed and recorded. Ludwig van Beethoven knew the symphony well, copying out 29 bars from the score in one of his sketchbooks. As Gustav Nottebohm observed in 1887, the copied bars appear amid the sketches for Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, whose third movement begins with a

"Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)"
Symphony No. 41 (Mozart) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completed his Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551, on 10 August 1788. The longest and last symphony that he composed, it is regarded by many critics as among the greatest symphonies in classical music. The work is nicknamed the ""Jupiter"" Symphony. This name stems not from Mozart but rather was likely coined by the impresario Johann Peter Salomon. The symphony is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns in C, two trumpets in C, timpani in C and G, and strings. Symphony No. 41 is the last of a

few weeks during which time he also completed the 39th and 41st symphonies (26 June and 10 August, respectively). Nikolaus Harnoncourt conjectured that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 40, as the middle work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) and does not have a finale of the scale of No. 41's. The 40th symphony exists in two versions, differing primarily in that one includes parts for a pair of clarinets (with suitable adjustments made in the other wind parts). Most likely, the clarinet parts were

to determine whether the concert series was held, or was cancelled for lack of interest. Zaslaw suggests that only the first of the three concerts was actually held. The symphony is scored (in its revised version) for flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings. The work is in four movements, in the usual arrangement for a classical-style symphony (fast movement, slow movement, minuet, fast movement): The first movement begins darkly, not with its first theme but with the accompaniment, played by the lower strings with divided violas. The technique of beginning a work with an accompaniment

one. The name does not appear to have entered general circulation until nearly twenty years after Ditters's death in 1799. Some sources suggest 1821, but public notices using the name have emerged going back to mid-1817. It does not appear to have been much earlier. Salomon died in 1815, so it may have circulated within informed musical circles for a considerable time before it became public. In a phrase ascribed to musicologist Elaine Sisman in a book devoted to the ""Jupiter"" (Cambridge Musical Handbooks, 1993), most responses ranged ""from admiring to adulatory, a gamut from A to A."" As summarized

"Haydn Quartets (Mozart)"
Haydn Quartets (Mozart) The ""Haydn"" Quartets by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are a set of six string quartets published in 1785 in Vienna as his Op. 10, dedicated to the composer Joseph Haydn. They contain some of Mozart's most memorable melodic writing and refined compositional thought. The quartets were published in a set (labelled Mozart's ""Op. 10"") in Vienna, 1785. Dates of completion are shown in parentheses above. Mozart arranged the six quartets in the order of composition, except for reversing the order of K. 428 and K. 458. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed 23 string quartets. The six ""Haydn"" Quartets were

added in a revised version. The autograph scores of both versions were acquired in the 1860s by Johannes Brahms, who later donated the manuscripts to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, where they reside today. As Neal Zaslaw has pointed out, writers on Mozart have often suggested – or even asserted – that Mozart never heard his 40th Symphony performed. Some commentators go further, suggesting that Mozart wrote the symphony (and its companions, Nos. 39 and 41) without even intending it to be performed, but rather for posterity; as (to use Alfred Einstein's words), an ""appeal to eternity"". Modern scholarship

in eight-bar phrases, following the general tendency toward rhythmic squareness in the finales of classical-era symphonies. A remarkable modulating passage in which every tone in the chromatic scale but one is played, strongly destabilizing the key, occurs at the beginning of the development section. The single note left out is in fact a G (the tonic). \relative c"" { </score> The symphony typically has a duration of about 25 minutes. This work has elicited varying interpretations from critics. Robert Schumann regarded it as possessing ""Grecian lightness and grace"". Donald Francis Tovey saw in it the character of ""opera buffa"". Almost

pitch sequence similar to that of Mozart's finale (see example below). <score vorbis>\relative c{ \clef bass \key c \minor \time 3/4 \tempo ""Allegro"" \partial 4 g(\pp | c ees g | c2 ees4 | d2 fis,4) | g2.~ | g2.}</score> Franz Schubert likewise copied down the music of Mozart's minuet, and the minuet of his Fifth Symphony strongly evokes Mozart's. Zaslaw has suggested that a passage late in Joseph Haydn's oratorio ""The Seasons"" (1801), a meditation on death, quotes the second movement of the 40th Symphony and was included by Haydn as a memorial to his long-dead friend. The first

"Parliament of the United Kingdom"
Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known internationally as the UK Parliament, British Parliament, or Westminster Parliament, but is more generally known domestically simply as Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and those other territories. Its seat is the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, one of the inner boroughs of the capital city, London. The British

Empire, the UK Parliament has shaped the political systems of many countries as ex-colonies and so it has been called the ""Mother of Parliaments"". However, John Brightwho coined the epithetused it in reference to the political culture of ""England"" rather than just the parliamentary system. In theory, the UK's supreme legislative power is officially vested in the Crown-in-Parliament. However, the Crown normally acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the powers of the House of Lords are limited to only delaying legislation; thus power is ""de facto"" vested in the House of Commons. The United Kingdom of Great

is, by modern convention, always granted. The Speaker's place may be taken by three deputies, known as the Chairman, First Deputy Chairman and Second Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means. (They take their name from the Committee of Ways and Means, of which they were once presiding officers, but which no longer exists.) Prior to July 2006, the House of Lords was presided over by a Lord Chancellor (a Cabinet member), whose influence as Speaker was very limited (whilst the powers belonging to the Speaker of the House of Commons are vast). However, as part of the Constitutional Reform Act

parliament is bicameral but has three parts, consisting of the Sovereign (the Queen-in-Parliament), an upper house (but in fact the second chamber) called the House of Lords, and a so-called ""lower house"" (but in fact the primary chamber) called the House of Commons. The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual, consisting of the most senior bishops of the Church of England, and the Lords Temporal, consisting mainly of life peers, appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, and of 92 hereditary peers, sitting either by virtue of holding a royal

"United Kingdom"
of Parliament, and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change. The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world: a legacy of the British Empire. The parliament of the United Kingdom meets in the Palace of Westminster and has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law. The position of prime minister, the UK's

92—the Earl Marshal, the Lord Great Chamberlain and the 90 elected by other peers—retain their seats in the House. The Commons, the last of the ""estates"" of the Kingdom, are represented in the House of Commons, which is formally styled ""The Honourable The Commons in Parliament Assembled"" (""commons"" coming not from the term ""commoner"", but from """", the old French term for a district). In 2016, the House consists of 650 members. Each Member of Parliament (MP) is chosen by a single constituency by the First-Past-the-Post electoral system. Universal adult suffrage exists for those 18 and over; citizens of the

office, or by being elected by their fellow hereditary peers. Prior to the opening of the Supreme Court in October 2009, the House of Lords also performed a judicial role through the Law Lords. The House of Commons is an elected chamber with elections to 650 single member constituencies held at least every five years under the first-past-the-post system. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster (commonly known as the Houses of Parliament) in London. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less commonly,

"Legislatures of the United Kingdom"
UK Parliament, the British Parliament, the Westminster Parliament or ""Westminster"") is the supreme legislative body for the United Kingdom and also for English Law. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. Its head is the Sovereign of the United Kingdom (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and its seat is the Palace of Westminster in Westminster, London. The United Kingdom Legislation may take the form of Acts (passed directly by Parliament) or Statutory Instruments, made under the authority of an Act of Parliament by either a government minister or

has executive powers which do not depend on Parliament, through prerogative powers, including the power to make treaties, declare war, award honours, and appoint officers and civil servants. In practice these are always exercised by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister and the other ministers of HM Government. The Prime Minister and government are directly accountable to Parliament, through its control of public finances, and to the public, through the election of members of parliament. The Monarch also appoints the Prime Minister, who then forms a government from members of the Houses of Parliament. This must be

of Ways and Means. These titles derive from the Committee of Ways and Means, a body over which the chairman once used to preside; even though the Committee was abolished in 1967, the traditional titles of the Deputy Speakers are still retained. The Speaker and the Deputy Speakers are always members of the House of Commons. Whilst presiding, the Speaker or Deputy Speaker wears ceremonial dress. The presiding officer may also wear a wig, but this tradition was abandoned by Speaker Betty Boothroyd. Her successor, Michael Martin, also did not wear a wig while in the chamber. The current Speaker,

"Sciatic nerve"
Sciatic nerve The sciatic nerve (also called ""ischiadic nerve"", ""ischiatic nerve"") is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve provides the connection to the nervous system for nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived

behind (superficial to) the adductor magnus muscle, and is itself in front of (deep to) one head of the biceps femoris muscle. At the popliteal fossa, the nerve divides into its two branches: The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body. The sciatic nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the foot, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its inner side). Sensation to skin to the sole of the foot is provided by the tibial nerve, and the lower leg and upper surface of the foot via the common fibular nerve. The sciatic nerve

from spinal nerves L4 to S3. It contains fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. The sciatic nerve is formed from the L4 to S3 segments of the sacral plexus, a collection of nerve fibres that emerge from the sacral part of the spinal cord. The fibres unite to form a single nerve in front of the piriformis muscle. The nerve passes beneath piriformis and through the greater sciatic foramen, exiting the pelvis. From here, it travels down the posterior thigh to the popliteal fossa. The nerve travels in the posterior compartment of the thigh

"Nerve plexus"
nerves form the Sacral plexus. It is located on the posterior wall of pelvic cavity (pelvis minor). Nervi of the plexus innervate the perineal region, buttocks and the lower limb. The largest nerve of the human body, the sciatic nerve is the main branch, that give rami to the motor innervation of the muscles of the foot, the leg and the thigh. Common peroneal nerve and its branches innervate some part of the skin of the foot, the peroneal muscles of the leg and the dorsal muscles of the foot. Coccygeal plexus originate from S4, S5, Co1 spinal nerves. It

"Saphenous nerve"
Saphenous nerve The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It approaches the femoral artery where this vessel passes beneath the sartorius, and lies in front of the artery, behind the aponeurotic covering of the adductor canal, as far as the opening in the lower part of the Adductor magnus. Here it diverges from the artery, and emerges from behind the lower edge of the aponeurotic covering of the canal; it descends vertically along the medial side of the knee

"Tympanic nerve"
Tympanic nerve The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear. It arises from the petrous ganglion, and ascends to the tympanic cavity through a small canal, the inferior tympanic canaliculus, on the under surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone on the ridge which separates the carotid canal from the jugular fossa. In the tympanic cavity it divides into branches which form the tympanic plexus and are contained in grooves upon the surface of the promontory. Jacobson's nerve contains both sensory and secretory fibers. The postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are

"Femoral nerve"
Femoral nerve The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee. Femoral nerve is the major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4). The nerve enters the femoral triangle by passing beneath the inguinal ligament, just lateral to the femoral artery. In the thigh, the nerve lies in a groove between

"Great saphenous vein"
Great saphenous vein The great saphenous vein (GSV, alternately ""long saphenous vein"") is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the foot, leg and thigh to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle. The great saphenous vein originates from where the dorsal vein of the big toe (the Hallux) merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot. After passing in front of the medial malleolus (where it often can be visualized and palpated), it runs up the medial

"Vagus nerve"
Vagus nerve The vagus nerve ( ), historically cited as the pneumogastric nerve, is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. The vagus nerves are paired but are normally referred to in the singular. It is the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system in the human body. Upon leaving the medulla oblongata between the pyramid and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, the vagus nerve extends through the jugular foramen, then passes into the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein down to the

"Trigeminal nerve"
the trigeminal lemniscus (both the anterior and posterior trigeminothalamic tracts). Pain-temperature information from the body is carried to the thalamus by the spinothalamic tract, and from the face by the anterior division of the trigeminal lemniscus (also called the anterior trigeminothalamic tract). Pathways for touch-position and pain-temperature sensations from the face and body merge in the brainstem, and touch-position and pain-temperature sensory maps of the entire body are projected onto the thalamus. From the thalamus, touch-position and pain-temperature information is projected onto the cerebral cortex. The complex processing of pain-temperature information in the thalamus and cerebral cortex (as opposed to

"2017 World Series of Poker"
Each player at the final table earned $1,000,000, with the winner earning $8,150,000. ""NB: This list is restricted to top 30 finishers with an existing Wikipedia entry."" Antoine Saout and Ben Lamb both made the Main Event final table for the second time, having finished 3rd in 2009 and 2011, respectively. Michael Ruane, 4th-place finisher in 2016, was knocked out on the final table bubble in 10th place to just miss making it for the second straight year. 2017 World Series of Poker The 2017 World Series of Poker was the 48th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It took

the previous nine years, once the final table was set the Main Event was stopped with the nine remaining players returning to the Rio in November to battle it out for the bracelet. Source: The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event began on July 8 with the first of three starting flights. The final table was reached on July 17. In a change from the November Nine, the finalists returned on July 20 with the winner being determined on July 22. The Main Event drew 7,221 players, the largest field since 2010. The top 1,084 players finished in the money.

"2018 World Series of Poker"
then 2 day 2 flights (AB and C) and then 5 more days of play before the final table. The final table began on July 12 and played out over three days, with the winner being determined on July 14. The Main Event drew 7,874 players, the second-largest field in the tournament's history, generating a prize pool of $74,015,600. The top 1,182 players finished in the money. Each player at the final table earned $1,000,000, with the winner getting $8,800,000. ""NB: This list is restricted to top 30 finishers with an existing Wikipedia entry."" 2009 World Champion Joe Cada made

"2017 BDO World Trophy"
2017 BDO World Trophy The 2017 BDO World Trophy was a major darts tournament run by the British Darts Organisation. It was hosted between 26–29 May 2017 at Memo Arts Centre, Barry, Wales. The event was broadcast on FrontRunner. Australian qualifier Peter Machin won the men's title, and Dutch player Aileen de Graaf won the women's title. Top 16 in BDO Rankings 17–22 in BDO Rankings WDF regional Qualifiers Play-Offs Qualifiers Regional Qualifiers Greg Moss and David Cameron,originally qualified for this event, but had to withdraw before the start of the tournament. They were replaced by the next two-highest non-qualified

2017 World Series of Poker The 2017 World Series of Poker was the 48th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It took place from May 30-July 17 at the Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There was a record 74 bracelet events including the third edition of the $565 Colossus tournament and the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event, which began on July 8. The Main Event was streamed live on ESPN2 and Poker Central beginning on July 8 and ran throughout the tournament. For the first time since 2007, the Main Event concluded in July; for

"2017 World Snooker Championship"
2017 World Snooker Championship The 2017 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 2017 Betfred World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 15 April to 1 May 2017 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 19th and final ranking event of the 2016/2017 season. The tournament was the 40th anniversary of the World Championships at the Crucible and was broadcast in Europe by the BBC and Eurosport. Defending champion Mark Selby retained his title, beating John Higgins 18–15 in the final, despite falling to 4–10 behind

the final table, finishing 5th, making him the first former champion to do so since Dan Harrington finished 4th in 2004. The final table bubble which saw Yueqi Zhu eliminated saw both him and then second place Antoine Labat turn over pocket Kings (Zhu , Labat ) while Nicolas Manion turned over . The board ran out , and Zhu was eliminated in 10th, while Labat was left crippled and Manion was propelled to the chip lead. Heads up play between Tony Miles and John Cynn lasted for over 10 hours and 199 hands. This set the record for the

"2017 World Cup (snooker)"
2017 World Cup (snooker) The 2017 Little Swan World Cup was a professional non-ranking team snooker tournament that took place from 3 to 9 July 2017 at the Wuxi City Sports Park Stadium in Wuxi, China. It was the 15th edition of the event, and was televised live by Eurosport Player and repeated on Eurosport 1. The China A pair of Ding Junhui and Liang Wenbo won the event, beating the English pair of Judd Trump and Barry Hawkins 4–3 in the final, winning the last three frames. Ding Junhui made a break of 59 in the deciding frame against

player in BDO Rankings; James Hurrell and Conan Whitehead. 9–14 in BDO Rankings 2017 BDO World Trophy The 2017 BDO World Trophy was a major darts tournament run by the British Darts Organisation. It was hosted between 26–29 May 2017 at Memo Arts Centre, Barry, Wales. The event was broadcast on FrontRunner. Australian qualifier Peter Machin won the men's title, and Dutch player Aileen de Graaf won the women's title. Top 16 in BDO Rankings 17–22 in BDO Rankings WDF regional Qualifiers Play-Offs Qualifiers Regional Qualifiers Greg Moss and David Cameron,originally qualified for this event, but had to withdraw before

"2018 Masters Tournament"
Francesco Molinari (17,18), Louis Oosthuizen (17,18), Patrick Reed (16,17,18) Daniel Berger (16,17,18), Wesley Bryan, Patrick Cantlay (16,17,18), Austin Cook, Bryson DeChambeau, Billy Horschel, Kevin Kisner (16,17,18), Patton Kizzire, Marc Leishman (16,17,18), Pat Perez (16,17,18), Ted Potter Jr., Ian Poulter, Jon Rahm (16,17,18), Xander Schauffele (16,17,18), Kyle Stanley (16,17,18), Brendan Steele (17,18), Jhonattan Vegas (16,17), Gary Woodland (16,18) Tony Finau (17,18), Adam Hadwin (18), Charley Hoffman (17,18), Webb Simpson (17,18) Kiradech Aphibarnrat (18), Ross Fisher (18), Matthew Fitzpatrick (18), Branden Grace (18), Tyrrell Hatton (18), Yuta Ikeda, Yūsaku Miyazato, Alex Norén (18), Bernd Wiesberger Dylan Frittelli, Satoshi Kodaira, Chez Reavie, Cameron

the creation of human beings in the kumulipo happens during which wā or period of creation

Kumulipo
The ""Kumulipo"" is divided into sixteen ""wā"", sections. The first seven ""wā"" fall under the section of ""pō"" (darkness), the age of spirit. The Earth may or may not exist, but the events described do not take place in a physical universe. The words show the development of life as it goes through similar stages as a human child. All plants and animals of sea and land, earth and sky, male and female are created. Eventually, it leads to early mammals. These are the first four lines of the ""Kumulipo"": The second section, containing the remaining nine wā, is ""ao""

"Muisca religion and mythology"
to the principle of ""tao"" in the Chinese mythology. The time of ""unquyquie nxie"" (""the first thought"") is the time of the cosmic origin, when the thoughts of Bachué became actions. This is the time when Bachué created the builders of the universe and ordered them to create. The world started with ""Chimi"" (""the pulp""), the first material object in the world. Then, in the inners of ""tomsa"", were incubated the embryos of stars, embryos of land and embryos of stone. When ""tomsa"" was full, the seeds of the earth emerged and the remains were thrown away, forming the Milky

Kumulipo
Kumulipo In the Hawaiian religion, the Kumulipo is an 18th-century chant in the Hawaiian language telling a creation story. It also includes a genealogy of the members of Hawaiian royalty and was created in honor of Kalaninuiamamao and passed down orally to his daughter Alapaiwahine. In the ""Kumulipo"" the world was created over a cosmic night. This is not just one night, but many nights over time. The ancient Hawaiian ""kahunas"" and priests of the Hawaiian religion would recite the ""Kumulipo"" during the ""makahiki"" season, honoring the god Lono. In 1779, Captain James Cook arrived in Kealakekua Bay on the

Way. The elements were distributed to the deities: the heat to Sué – the sun, the cold to Chía – the Moon, and the clouds and smoke to the Earth, but all the things were still seeds and nothing was germinated. Then, ""Mnya"", gold, energy, was united with ""Chimi"", the pulp, and became ""Chímini"", the creative force, which caused the germination of the seeds of all things. According to Muisca legends, mankind was originated in Lake Iguaque, when mother goddess Bachué came out from the lake with a boy in her arms. When the boy grew, they populated the earth.

disease. These events are similar to the biblical histories of Genesis and Apocalypse. The first gods, constructors of the universe, built the first ""cuca"" or ceremonial temple. They were: The gods danced a very long dance (""sas quyhynuca""), with the music of the ""fo"" drum, in the first ceremony. This ceremony gave origin to space and time. Then, the gods created the first materials of the universe: ""fiva"" (the air), ""faova"" (the cosmic cloud) and ""ie"" (the smoke). Then, they created the six directions of the material dimension, and in the middle of ""itugue"", the emptiness, they created the centre

"Sanamahi creation myth"
‘Lamta Month’ the third month of the year is the first day on which the Life (from the Universal God Father) came to colonize the Malem (the Mother Earth) for the first time in the Life History of the Earth. ‘Cheion’ Cheion = Cha + i + on = here ‘cha’ means Descendants, ‘i’ means blood, ‘on’ means onba further means change into, ‘Talet’ means seven. Therefore, the seven stars forming the constellation (Pu Ama) consists of Everything, Every elements in them to become living beings (here Human beings). The human creation theory of the Meetei Race of Kangleipak is

Body) begins to create the main human body part below the Head, from neck to other lower parts containing Heart, lungs, liver, kidney etc. This is the Third day of the Kanglei week, Leipakpokpa. Imsakeisa = Im + sa + keisa, here ‘Im’ means present word yum, meaning dwelling house, in English; ‘sa’ means sapa, meaning to build, to construct in English; ‘Keisa’ here means to build, to construct a Barn for storage of energy, elements composing of a human body to compensate the loss of these things in any eventuality of the Human Body. Why the 4th day of

Kumulipo
and is signaled by the arrival of light and the gods, who watch over the changing of animals into the first humans. After that is the complex genealogy of Kalaninuiamamao that goes all the way to the late 18th century. The births in each age include: Comparisons may be made between marital partners (husband and wife often have synonymous names), between genealogical and flora-fauna names, and in other Polynesian genealogies. Kumulipo In the Hawaiian religion, the Kumulipo is an 18th-century chant in the Hawaiian language telling a creation story. It also includes a genealogy of the members of Hawaiian royalty

PuYa
the components to form 'One', i.e., the seed of life. 'Ama', the combination of 'Pa' (male) and 'Pi' (female) is thus born. We must remember that 'Ama' came from outer space. The PuYa Wachetlon Pathup is written to tell this truth that every living being is born from male-female intercourse leading to fertilization of the sperm and ovum except in the case of Nongdamba Mapu (Sitapa Mapu) intervening. This kind of birth without male-female intercourse of one or the other sort can be achieved only through scientific means. According to certain records there were more than 1000s of PuYas. PuYa

"Cahuilla mythology"
into natural objects such as mirages, rainbows, earth and other things. The creation myth of the Cahuilla is fairly expansive, such that almost all of their mythological figures and norms are included in the tale. In the creation, Mukat and Temayuwat were born from the union of twin balls of lightning, which were the manifestations of ""Amnaa"" (Power) and ""Tukmiut"" (Night). Mukat and Temayuwat began a creative contest, in which Temayuwat was bested and fled with his ill-formed creation below the earth. Mukat taught his people the art of fighting with a bow and arrow, which incurred their displeasure. On

"...Baby One More Time (song)"
...Baby One More Time (song) ""...Baby One More Time"" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears from her debut studio album of the same title (1999). It was written by Max Martin and produced by Martin and Rami. After recording and sending a demo tape with an unused song from Toni Braxton, Spears signed a multi-album deal with Jive. ""...Baby One More Time"" is a pop song that refers to a girl's feelings after a break-up with her boyfriend. ""...Baby One More Time"" was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in at

"One More Time (Joe Jackson song)"
One More Time (Joe Jackson song) ""One More Time"" is a song by the British new wave musician Joe Jackson. It was released as the third single from his debut album, ""Look Sharp!"", in 1979. The lyrics of ""One More Time"" feature the singer asking his ex-lover to truthfully tell him that she never loved him. Musically, the song is one of Jackson's more aggressive rock songs, featuring Joe Jackson on lead vocals and a prominent guitar riff to open the song. ""One More Time"" was released as the follow-up single to ""Sunday Papers,"" also from ""Look Sharp!"", in May

on ""Ultimate Classic Rock""'s list of the ""Top 10 Joe Jackson Songs."" One More Time (Joe Jackson song) ""One More Time"" is a song by the British new wave musician Joe Jackson. It was released as the third single from his debut album, ""Look Sharp!"", in 1979. The lyrics of ""One More Time"" feature the singer asking his ex-lover to truthfully tell him that she never loved him. Musically, the song is one of Jackson's more aggressive rock songs, featuring Joe Jackson on lead vocals and a prominent guitar riff to open the song. ""One More Time"" was released as

"Do That to Me One More Time"
Do That to Me One More Time ""Do That to Me One More Time"" is a song performed by the American pop duo Captain & Tennille. It was their 13th charting hit in the United States, and their second number 1 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song was included on the duo's 1979 studio album, ""Make Your Move"", and was written by Toni Tennille. It features a Lyricon solo by saxophonist Tom Scott, though Captain mimed to this part on a descant recorder in the promotional video. Even though an edited version was released as a single,

October 23, 1998, by Jive Records, when she was only sixteen years old. Spears has named ""...Baby One More Time"" as one of her favorite songs from her entire career, naming ""Toxic"" and ""He About to Lose Me"" as the other two. Like TLC and Backstreet Boys, British boy band Five were almost considered to record the song, according to their former manager Simon Cowell, who would work with Spears in the second season of the American version of ""The X Factor"" in 2012, in his autobiography ""Sweet Revenge"". ""...Baby One More Time"" is a pop song that lasts for

simultaneously kid-friendly and pure male fantasy. Her videos got played on both MTV and the Disney Channel at the same time, showing just how well Spears (and her armies of PR handlers) managed to walk that fine line between family-friendly pop idol and unabashed sex object."" Credits for ""...Baby One More Time"" and ""Autumn Goodbye"" are taken from the single's liner notes. ...Baby One More Time Autumn Goodbye !scope=""col"" colspan=""4""| Digital ...Baby One More Time (song) ""...Baby One More Time"" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears from her debut studio album of the same title (1999). It

recorded a version of the song in Spanish translated as ""Amame Una Vez Mas"". The song was also covered live by Tom Jones, with the gender roles in the lyrics reversed (""Do that to me one more time / Once is never enough / With a ""girl"" like you...""). Do That to Me One More Time ""Do That to Me One More Time"" is a song performed by the American pop duo Captain & Tennille. It was their 13th charting hit in the United States, and their second number 1 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song was

"One More Time (Craig David song)"
peaked number 30 on the UK Singles Chart on 27 May 2016, and remained in the top 100 for 10 weeks before dropping out. One More Time (Craig David song) ""One More Time"" is a song by British singer Craig David. It was released as a digital download on 20 May 2016 as the third single from his sixth studio album, ""Following My Intuition"". This is the third single for his comeback, after ""When the Bassline Drops"" and ""Nothing Like This"", which received acclaim from critics. The music video for the song was released through Craig David's official Facebook account

"...Baby One More Time (album)"
...Baby One More Time (album) ...Baby One More Time is the debut studio album by American pop singer Britney Spears. It was released on January 12, 1999 through Jive Records. In June 1997, while Spears negotiated with her manager at the time, Lou Pearlman, to join female pop group Innosense, her mother, Lynne Spears, asked a Spears' family friend and entertainment lawyer, Larry Rudolph, for his opinion. Rudolph took interest and decided to pitch her to record labels. Rudolph submitted a tape of Britney Spears singing over a Whitney Houston karaoke song, along with a demo tape of an unused

gotta be relaxed singing '… Baby One More Time'."" The song was produced by Denniz Pop, Martin and Rami, and was also mixed by Martin at Cheiron Studios. Thomas Lindberg played the guitar, while Johan Carlberg played the bass guitar. Background vocals were provided by Spears, Martin and Nana Hedin. Spears also recorded a track called ""Autumn Goodbye"", written and produced by Eric Foster White, that was released as a b-side to ""...Baby One More Time"". The track was recorded in 1998 at 4MW East Studios in New Jersey. ""...Baby One More Time"" was released as Spears's debut single on

"Airmail stamp"
Airmail stamp An airmail stamp is a postage stamp intended to pay either an airmail fee that is charged in addition to the surface rate, or the full airmail rate, for an item of mail to be transported by air. Airmail stamps should not be confused with airmail etiquettes, which are affixed to mail as an instruction to the postal authority that the mail should be transmitted by air. With aviation developments, several countries started to experiment with flights, and postal authorities considered flying the mails. Initially flights were unofficial, but some flights such as the 1877 Buffalo balloon flight,

"Postage due"
the expedient of returning the letter to the sender, many others have taken the approach of delivering the letter and collecting the fee from the recipient. Initially the process was handled by a clerk writing something like ""Due 3 cents"" on the cover, but this was subject to abuse by mail carriers, who might write it on themselves and pocket the difference. The problem of underpaid foreign mail was one of the issues addressed by the 1874 establishment of the Universal Postal Union. The U.P.U. arrived at the decision that mail with insufficient postage should be marked with a ""T""

"Postage stamp"
Postage stamp A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage (the cost involved in moving, insuring, or registering mail), who then affix the stamp to the face or address-side of any item of mail—an envelope or other postal cover (e.g., packet, box, mailing cylinder)—that they wish to send. The item is then processed by the postal system, where a postmark or cancellation mark—in modern usage indicating date and point of origin of mailing—is applied to the stamp and its left and right sides

Mail
42% of First-Class Mail arrived the next day, 27% in two days, and 31% in three. The USPS expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause about 51% to arrive in two days and most of the rest in three. The British Royal Mail equivalent to USPS First-Class Mail is stylized as 1st Class, and is simply a priority option over 2nd Class, at a slightly higher cost. Royal Mail aims (but does not guarantee) to deliver all 1st Class letters the day after postage. The Canada Post counterpart is Lettermail. Registered mail allows the location and in

annual average number of new postage stamp issued by the U.S.P.S. has significantly increased. Postage stamp A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage (the cost involved in moving, insuring, or registering mail), who then affix the stamp to the face or address-side of any item of mail—an envelope or other postal cover (e.g., packet, box, mailing cylinder)—that they wish to send. The item is then processed by the postal system, where a postmark or cancellation mark—in modern usage indicating date and point

"Postal card"
begin with. The U.S. ""penny postcard"" rate lasted through 1951. Presumably for the purpose of getting a prompt reply, a sender was given the opportunity to pay for postage ""both"" ways with an attached message-reply card, first introduced by Germany in 1873. Other European countries quickly followed suit. Spain furnished message-reply cards to her Colonies: Cuba (1880), Philippines (1889) and Puerto Rico (1898). The U.S. issued them first in 1892. Message-reply cards were attached tête-bêche and likely to be perforated or rouletted to facilitate separation once in the hands of the recipient. The recipient could then tear them apart and

"Non-denominated postage"
class stamps can also be used to mail letters abroad, providing that their combined value corresponds to the appropriate tariff by Swedish Post. For instance, to mail a letter up to 20 g in weight, two Brev stamps are required. Non-denominated postage was first introduced in the United Kingdom in 1989 for domestic mail, in part as a workaround to the problem of fast-changing rates. The British Post Office has issued ""non-value indicated"" Machins using textual inscriptions ""1ST"" and ""2ND"" to indicate class of service rather than a numeric value. It has since introduced a number of variations including those

"Telegraph stamp"
Telegraph stamp Telegraph stamps are stamps intended solely for the prepayment of telegraph fees. The customer completed a telegraph form before handing it with payment to the clerk who applied a telegraph stamp and cancelled it to show that payment had been made. If the stamp was an imprinted stamp, it formed part of the message form. In most countries, the cost of sending a telegram was paid using normal postage stamps. These can often be identified by their distinctive telegraphic cancels or punched holes. In some countries and at some times, special telegraph stamps were produced or postage or

"Pre-adhesive mail"
Pre-adhesive mail Pre-adhesive mail, also called pre-stamp mail, are letters carried in mail systems before the issuance of postage stamps. A stampless cover is another description and generally also refers to any item of mail sent before the issuance of postage stamps but it can also refer to mail sent, after the introduction of postage stamps, unpaid (as was permitted in many countries) or without the pre-payment being indicated by the affixing of a postage stamp; it could have been pre-paid in cash and marked paid. This mail is usually a letter sheet because the use of envelopes was not

Postage due Postage due is the term used for mail sent with insufficient postage. A postage due stamp is a stamp added to an underpaid piece of mail to indicate the extra postage due. While the problem of what to do about letters not paying the full correct fee had existed since the creation of regular postal systems, it was greatly heightened by the advent of postage stamps, since customers were now making their own decisions about the right amount to pay, without the assistance of a presumably knowledgeable postal clerk. While at various times some countries have simply adopted

"On the Origin of Species"
On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin

"Charles Darwin"
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective

"Genetics and the Origin of Species"
Genetics and the Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern synthesis, and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his book, Dobzhansky applied the theoretical work of Sewall Wright (1889-1988) to the study of natural populations, allowing him to address evolutionary problems in a novel way during his time. Dobzhansky implements theories of mutation,

to geneticists seeing this as impractical pseudoscience. A shift from voluntary arrangements to ""negative"" eugenics included compulsory sterilisation laws in the United States, copied by Nazi Germany as the basis for Nazi eugenics based on virulent racism and ""racial hygiene"".() Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science. In a joint publication with

present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the ""Descent of Man"" (1871). Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's ""Metamorphosis of Plants"" and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise

field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line. Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and

species, but Darwin rejected it. Starting in 1827, at Cambridge University, Darwin learnt science as natural theology from botanist John Stevens Henslow, and read Paley, John Herschel and Alexander von Humboldt. Filled with zeal for science, he studied catastrophist geology with Adam Sedgwick. In December 1831, he joined the ""Beagle"" expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's ""Principles of Geology"" and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope

Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809. Both envisaged that spontaneous generation produced simple forms of life that progressively developed greater complexity, adapting to the environment by inheriting changes in adults caused by use or disuse. This process was later called Lamarckism. Lamarck thought there was an inherent progressive tendency driving organisms continuously towards greater complexity, in parallel but separate lineages with no extinction. Geoffroy contended that embryonic development recapitulated transformations of organisms in past eras when the environment acted on embryos, and that animal

by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, ""Origin"" was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages. Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In

"Beam me up, Scotty"
Beam me up, Scotty ""Beam me up, Scotty"" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series """". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery ""Scotty"" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship ""Enterprise"". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any ""Star Trek"" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be used to describe one's desire to be elsewhere,

me up, Scotty"", despite having never responded to this exact command in the show. Doohan himself chose to use the phrase as the title of his 1996 autobiography. The quote ""Beam me up, Scotty!"" has been extended beyond its original meaning to describe an expression of ""the desire to be elsewhere"", or the desire to be out of an unwanted situation. Along with this, it has been associated with things that are futuristic, such as the possibility of teleportation. The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs. An Oxford Reference page defined ""Beam me up, Scotty"" as

is a translation of the misquotation into Latin. Beam me up, Scotty ""Beam me up, Scotty"" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series """". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery ""Scotty"" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship ""Enterprise"". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any ""Star Trek"" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be

""a mixture of phencyclidine and cocaine"" and to ""talk to Scotty, high off Scotty, see Scotty... etc."" In recent usage, the phrase has been referenced by Baxter County Sheriff's drug slang definitions. It is also referenced in the book ""Vice Slang"" by Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, for crack cocaine, and to describe ""Beamers, Beemers"", as those taking said drugs. The exact timing of when the phrase became popular is unclear. However, early signs of the quote's usage to describe something separate of Star Trek can be found roughly ten years after Star Trek's airing in 1966, in a publication

"Popup camper"
with screens. Basic popups usually include the following features: fold-down dinette (table top and bench seating combination), on-board fresh water tank, sink, 12-volt DC power system (including an AC to DC converter and a deep cycle battery), interior DC lighting, two sleeping bunks and storage cabinets. Many pop-ups also include a gas/electric absorption refrigerator, stove, rooftop air conditioner, propane furnace, water heater, electric water pump, exterior shower, skylight/roof vent, one or two propane tanks, electric or surge brakes, large storage trunk at the front of the box, and an awning. Some premium models also include a shower, toilet, wastewater tanks,

"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)"
Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) Beam Me Up Scotty is the third mixtape by American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics Records. It features guest verses from rappers Bobby V, Brinx, Birdman, Busta Rhymes, Drake, Gucci Mane, Mack Maine, Gudda Gudda, Lil Twist, Jae Millz, Lil Wayne, Red Café, Lil Chuckee, Ricky Blaze, Rocko, Ron Browz, and Shanell. Its production was overseen by DJ Holiday and The Trapaholics. ""Beam Me Up Scotty"" received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics, and is also largely credited with establishing Minaj's fan base. One of its tracks, ""I

of the Royal Aeronautical Journal. It describes a certain routine as ""a sort of 'beam me up scotty' routine'"". Over time, the phrase has been extended to, ""Beam me up, Scotty, there's no intelligent life down here!"", popularized on bumper stickers and t-shirts, despite neither quote ever being said on the show. The science fiction parody ""Spaceballs"" (1987) devotes a small movie scene to the misquotation. It starts with following conversation between president Skroop, who distrust the transporter technology, and spaceship officer Zircon: The planetarium in the animated series ""South Park"" (1997) carries the inscription """"Me transmitte sursum, Caledoni!"""", which

"Splatter Up"
toy"". Splatter Up Splatter Up is a T-ball toy released in 1988, designed by WET Design, under the Worlds of Wonder brand. The toy was later manufactured (marketed) by Buddy-L and Wham-O. The toy has been described as a ""wet version of baseball"" using a garden hose attached to a foot pedal to control the water pressure that funnels the water into a stream to push a wiffle ball up into the air so it can be hit with a plastic bat. In 1989, the Consumer Affairs Committee of Americans for Democratic Action recommended Splatter Up as a ""safe and

Anusol
Anusol Anusol (also AnuSol) is a brand of medications that can be used to treat hemorrhoids (also known as piles). The Anusol range includes creams, ointments, and the suppository form of treatment. Anusol is now known under the brand name Tucks in the United States and some other areas while still being marketed under the Anusol name in other markets. The active ingredients and usage remains unchanged. It is prescription-only in some jurisdictions, but available over the counter in the United States, Canada, and the UK. The active ingredient in Anusol ointment and suppositories is zinc sulfate monohydrate which helps

"Devil's Galop"
Devil's Galop ""Devil's Galop"" is a piece of light music composed by Charles Williams. It became famous as the theme tune to the radio serial ""Dick Barton – Special Agent"". The name ""galop"" of the title refers to the galop dance (which, in turn, refers to a horse's gallop). It has since been used in a number of productions, often to give a sense of dramatic urgency to a chase scene. As well as being the theme for the BBC Light Programme's serial ""Dick Barton"", other appearances include ""Dad's Army"", ""Dangermouse"", ""The Goodies"", the ""Goon Show"" (the original theme music

"Red River of the South"
formed part of the US–Mexico border from the Adams–Onís Treaty (in force 1821) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains. It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas, and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is , with a mean

River from the north. After the river flows out of the southeastern end of the lake, it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Muddy Boggy Creek before turning southward near Texarkana. Soon after, the river crosses south into Louisiana. The sister cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed on either bank of the river, as were the downriver cities of Alexandria and Pineville. Where it is joined by the Ouachita River, its largest tributary, the river later broadens into a complex network of marshlands surrounding the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Its waters eventually discharge into the Atchafalaya River

Little Wichita River, Little River, Sulphur River, Loggy Bayou (through Lake Bistineau and Dorcheat Bayou) as well as the Ouachita River (also known as the Black River at that point) not far (at Acme, Louisiana) from the mouth. The Red River's watershed covers and is the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains. Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, but also covers parts of Arkansas and Louisiana. Its basin is characterized by flat, fertile agricultural land, with only a few major cities. The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and

"Mississippi River System"
energy with dams and other power generating facilities. There are 20 dams and 49 other power generating facilities on the Ohio River. The Red River is the 10th longest river in the United States with a length of 1,290 miles. It originates right outside of the Rocky Mountains and stretches through multiple states with the main portion of it located in Texas. The river also crosses through Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana where then it links into the Mississippi River. The Red River is mostly surrounded by rural farm land with the only surrounding major cities being Shreveport, Louisiana and Alexandria,

"Red River (Kentucky River)"
Red River (Kentucky River) The Red River is a tributary of the Kentucky River in east-central Kentucky in the United States. Via the Kentucky and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. It rises in the mountainous region of the Cumberland Plateau, in eastern Wolfe County, approximately east of Campton. It flows generally west, through Red River Gorge in the Daniel Boone National Forest, then past Stanton and Clay City. It joins the Kentucky approximately southeast of Winchester. In 1993, a stretch of the river in the Red River Gorge was designated by the federal government as

"Red River (Asia)"
Red River (Asia) The Red River (; ), also known as the and ( ""Mother River"") in Vietnamese and the (, """") in Chinese, is a river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The Red River begins in China's Yunnan province in the mountains south of Dali. It flows generally southeastward, passing through Dai ethnic minority areas before leaving China through Yunnan's

to the Gulf of Mexico. The Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. It is divided into two sections: The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca, above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, Minnesota. The name ""Itasca"" was chosen to designate the ""true head"" of the Mississippi River as a combination of the last four letters of the Latin word for truth (""veritas"") and the first two letters of the Latin word for head (""caput""). However, the lake is in turn

"Ouachita River"
The Ouachita has five locks and dams along its length, located at Camden, Calion, and Felsenthal, Arkansas, and in Columbia and Jonesville, Louisiana. The river below the junction with the Tensas at is called the Black River and flows for in Catahoula and Concordia parishes until it joins the Red River, which flows into both the Atchafalaya River and the Mississippi River, via the Old River Control Structure. The river is named for the Ouachita tribe, one of several historic tribes who lived along it. Others included the Caddo, Osage Nation, Tensa, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. The historian Muriel Hazel Wright

"Little Red River (Arkansas)"
Little Red River (Arkansas) The Little Red River is a river in White, Van Buren, Searcy, Stone and Cleburne counties of north-central Arkansas. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Whitney's Lane took place near Searcy on the banks of the Little Red River. The upper tributaries of the Little Red River are known as the South Fork, the Middle Fork, and the Devils Fork. Prior to the impoundment of Greers Ferry Lake the three tributaries converged just east of Sugar Loaf Mountain. The South Fork begins in the Ozark National Forest near Scotland in Van Buren County and

Red River of the South The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major river in the southern United States of America. It was named for the red-bed country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name. Although it was once a tributary of the Mississippi River, the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico. It is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure. The south bank of the Red River

"Flag of Quebec"
Flag of Quebec The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé (the Lily-flowered) represents the province of Quebec. It was adopted by the government of Quebec during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building of the National Assembly in Quebec City. Quebec's Flag Day (January 21) commemorates its adoption each year, though for some time it was celebrated in May. At least one parade marked the flag's 60th anniversary in January 2008. Article 2 of ""An Act respecting the flag and emblems of

"Quebec Winter Carnival"
Quebec Winter Carnival The Quebec Winter Carnival (), commonly known in both English and French as Carnaval, is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the ""Carnaval de Québec"" has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year ""Bonhomme Carnaval"", the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the ""Carnaval de Québec"" in 2006 making it, at the time, the largest winter festival in the world (since overtaken by the Harbin Festival). The most famous attractions of this winter festival are the night-time and daytime parades led by

Québec"" confers the status of national emblem () to the flag of Québec. The ""Fleurdelisé"" takes its white cross from the ancient royal flags of France. Its white fleurs-de-lis (symbols of purity) and blue field (symbolizing Heaven) come from a banner honouring the Virgin Mary. One such was reputedly carried by French Canadian militia at General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm's victory at Carillon. The flag is blazoned ""Azure, a cross between four fleurs-de-lis argent"". Its horizontal symmetry allows both sides of the flag to show the same image. The flag's official ratio is 2:3 (width to length), but the flag is

Quebec
Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below ""Je me souviens"". Je me souviens (""I remember"") was first carved under the coat of arms of Quebec's Parliament Building façade in 1883. It is an official part of the coat of arms and has been the official licence plate motto since 1978, replacing """"La belle province"""" (the beautiful province). The expression ""La belle province"" is still used mostly in tourism as a nickname for the province. The fleur-de-lis, the ancient symbol of the French monarchy, first arrived on the shores of the Gaspésie in 1534 with Jacques Cartier on his

"Flag of Quebec City"
the following meaning: Flag of Quebec City The flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12, 1987. The flag depicts a golden yellow ship on a deep blue field surrounded by a crenelated white border representing its unique city walls. The border also signifies the fortified city its founder came from, Brouage in Saintonge, France. The ship is Samuel de Champlain's ship, the ""Don de Dieu"", a reminder of the city's founder. The outward sails symbolizes the bravery and strength of the population. The ship also signifies the city as being a major seaport in North America. The heraldic

"Flag of Montreal"
the Canadian Red Ensign. They are: Montreal's flag is based on its coat of arms. The original coat of arms was designed in 1833 by the first mayor of Montreal, Jacques Viger. It was similar to the current version with the difference that the red cross was a saltire and a beaver stood in the place of what is now a fleur-de-lys. The arms were revised in 1938. Four years prior to the first raising of the revised flag, King George V, the sovereign of Canada, celebrated his Silver Jubilee (25th year on the throne) on Monday May 6, 1935.

repositioned upright to their modern configuration in correspondence with the rules of heraldry) was not available until February 2. The flag was adopted by Royal Proclamation, and the news was presented to the Legislative Assembly more or less as a ""fait accompli"". Opposition leader Adélard Godbout expressed his approval, as did René Chaloult. A law governing the usage of the flag was later officially adopted by the Quebec Parliament on March 9, 1950. A more recent version of such a law was adopted in 2002. A 2001 survey by the North American Vexillological Association ranked the Fleurdelisé as the best

Flag of Quebec City The flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12, 1987. The flag depicts a golden yellow ship on a deep blue field surrounded by a crenelated white border representing its unique city walls. The border also signifies the fortified city its founder came from, Brouage in Saintonge, France. The ship is Samuel de Champlain's ship, the ""Don de Dieu"", a reminder of the city's founder. The outward sails symbolizes the bravery and strength of the population. The ship also signifies the city as being a major seaport in North America. The heraldic colours used have

provincial or territorial flag, and the third-best of the flags of all U.S. and Canadian provinces, territories, and states. The flag of Quebec was the basis for the jerseys of the Quebec Nordiques, which included the same colour blue, the fleurs-de-lis, and white stripes. Flag of Quebec The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé (the Lily-flowered) represents the province of Quebec. It was adopted by the government of Quebec during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building of the National Assembly in

"L'International des Feux Loto-Québec"
L'International des Feux Loto-Québec L'International des Feux Loto-Québec, also known as the Montreal Fireworks Festival, is the most prestigious and largest fireworks festival in the world. (It was formerly known as ""Le Mondial SAQ"", and ""l'International Benson & Hedges"".) It has been held yearly in La Ronde over the Dolphins lake, since 1985, and is named after its main sponsor, Loto-Québec. It hosts an estimated 3 million spectators each year, with approximately 6,000 fireworks set off during each show. Each summer, eight or nine pyrotechnical companies from different countries present a 30-minute-long ""pyromusical"" show, competing for the Gold, Silver and

"Lithium as an investment"
increased tendency for costlier components to be targeted for replacement by new technologies. Current projections of the global market for lithium-ion batteries range from $26 billion in 2023 (""Navigant Research"") to a very optimistic $33 billion in 2019 (""Transparency Market Research""). Lithium metal is an extremely soft, highly reactive, and flammable element. It is most frequently found in deposits such as spodumene and pegmatite minerals, with larger resources in the U.S., Canada, Australia, China, Zimbabwe, and Russia. Lithium possesses a unique chemical profile making it the lightest metal in the periodic table and the least dense solid element. Its atomic

Lithium
Lithium Lithium (from ) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. When cut, it exhibits a metallic luster, but moist air corrodes it quickly to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. It never occurs freely in nature, but only in (usually ionic) compounds, such as pegmatitic minerals which were once the main source of lithium. Due to its solubility

"Lithium-ion battery"
settle for $20 million, and also cooperate by, among other things, making employees chosen by plaintiffs available for interviews, depositions and testimony, as well as provide clarifying information regarding the scheme and the documents provided to date, including responding to authentication and clarification questions. The three primary functional components of a lithium-ion battery are the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte. Generally, the negative electrode of a conventional lithium-ion cell is made from carbon. The positive electrode is a metal oxide, and the electrolyte is a lithium salt in an organic solvent. The electrochemical roles of the electrodes reverse between

Lithium
as an ion, it is present in ocean water and is commonly obtained from brines. Lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. The nucleus of the lithium atom verges on instability, since the two stable lithium isotopes found in nature have among the lowest binding energies per nucleon of all stable nuclides. Because of its relative nuclear instability, lithium is less common in the solar system than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements even though its nuclei are very light: it is an exception to the trend that heavier nuclei are less

Lithium
increased the demand for lithium and became the dominant use in 2007. With the surge of lithium demand in batteries in the 2000s, new companies have expanded brine extraction efforts to meet the rising demand. Lithium production has greatly increased since the end of World War II. The metal is separated from other elements in igneous minerals. The metal is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C. As of 2015, most of the world's lithium production is in South America, where lithium-containing brine is extracted from underground pools

Lithium
of lithium,' he said."" Lithia (""lithium brine"") is associated with tin mining areas in Cornwall, England and an evaluation project from 400-meter deep test boreholes is under consideration. If successful the hot brines will also provide geothermal energy to power the lithium extraction and refining process. Lithium is found in trace amount in numerous plants, plankton, and invertebrates, at concentrations of 69 to 5,760 parts per billion (ppb). In vertebrates the concentration is slightly lower, and nearly all vertebrate tissue and body fluids contain lithium ranging from 21 to 763 ppb. Marine organisms tend to bioaccumulate lithium more than terrestrial

Lithium
vents. Estimates for the Earth's crustal content range from 20 to 70 ppm by weight. In keeping with its name, lithium forms a minor part of igneous rocks, with the largest concentrations in granites. Granitic pegmatites also provide the greatest abundance of lithium-containing minerals, with spodumene and petalite being the most commercially viable sources. Another significant mineral of lithium is lepidolite which is now an obsolete name for a series formed by polylithionite and trilithionite. A newer source for lithium is hectorite clay, the only active development of which is through the Western Lithium Corporation in the United States. At

"Lithium battery"
as PDAs, watches, camcorders, digital cameras, thermometers, calculators, personal computer BIOS (firmware), communication equipment and remote car locks. They are available in many shapes and sizes, with a common variety being the 3 volt ""coin"" type manganese variety, typically 20 mm in diameter and 1.6–4 mm thick. Lithium primary batteries account for 28% of all primary battery sales in Japan but only 1% of all battery sales in Switzerland. In the EU only 0.5% of all battery sales including secondary types are lithium primaries. The computer industry's drive to increase battery capacity can test the limits of sensitive components such

Lithium
(92.5% natural abundance). Both natural isotopes have anomalously low nuclear binding energy per nucleon (compared to the neighboring elements on the periodic table, helium and beryllium); lithium is the only low numbered element that can produce net energy through nuclear fission. The two lithium nuclei have lower binding energies per nucleon than any other stable nuclides other than deuterium and helium-3. As a result of this, though very light in atomic weight, lithium is less common in the Solar System than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements. Seven radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being Li with a

Lithium
and concentrated by solar evaporation. The standard extraction technique is to evaporate water from brine. Each batch takes from 18 to 24 months. In 1998, the price of lithium was about (or 43 USD/lb). Worldwide identified reserves in 2018 are estimated by the US Geological Survey (USGS) to be 16 million tonnes, though an accurate estimate of world lithium reserves is difficult. One reason for this is that most lithium classification schemes are developed for solid ore deposits, whereas brine is a fluid that is problematic to treat with the same classification scheme due to varying concentrations and pumping effects.

"Jodie Sweetin"
got sober for good in December 2008. She then began working as a clinical logistics coordinator at a Los Angeles drug rehab center and completed her degree as a drug and alcohol counselor. Wins Nominations Jodie Sweetin Jodie Lee-Ann Sweetin (born January 19, 1982) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her role as Stephanie Tanner on the ABC comedy series ""Full House"" and its Netflix spin-off series ""Fuller House"". Sweetin was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents were both in prison at the time, and she was adopted and raised as an only child

Jodie Sweetin Jodie Lee-Ann Sweetin (born January 19, 1982) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her role as Stephanie Tanner on the ABC comedy series ""Full House"" and its Netflix spin-off series ""Fuller House"". Sweetin was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents were both in prison at the time, and she was adopted and raised as an only child by her uncle Sam Sweetin and his second wife Janice when she was nine months old. The adoption was not formalized until she was two years old because her birth father was one-fourth Native American.

"Ashley Olsen"
filed a $40 million lawsuit against tabloid magazine ""National Enquirer"" for depicting her as being involved in a drug scandal. The ""National Enquirer"" later apologized and stated it did not intend to suggest she was involved in the scandal. Ashley Olsen Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) is an American fashion designer, businesswoman, author, and former actress and producer. She began her acting career one year after her birth, sharing the role of Michelle Tanner with her twin sister Mary-Kate Olsen in the television sitcom, ""Full House"" (1987–1995). They also starred in numerous films together. In 1993, the production

"Candace Cameron Bure"
marriage. She has revealed she suffered from bulimia nervosa in her early twenties. Candace Cameron Bure Candace Cameron Bure (; born Candace Helaine Cameron; April 6, 1976) is an American actress, producer, author, and talk show panelist. She is known for her role as D.J. Tanner on ""Full House"", which she reprised as D.J. Tanner-Fuller on ""Fuller House"". She is also known for her work with Hallmark Channel, playing the role of Aurora Teagarden in Hallmark Channel's film adaptation of the novel series as well having starred in many of their Christmas films. In 2014, she was a contestant on

"Mary-Kate Olsen"
drugs Mr. Ledger consumed"". Mary-Kate Olsen Mary-Kate Olsen (born June 13, 1986) is an American fashion designer, businesswoman, author, and former actress and producer. She began her acting career one year after her birth, sharing the role of Michelle Tanner with her twin sister Ashley Olsen in the television sitcom, ""Full House"" (1987–1995). They also starred in numerous films together. In 1993, the production company Dualstar Entertainment Group was founded, which produced a long string of TV movies and direct-to-video releases featuring the girls; they starred in ""Passport to Paris"" (1999), ""Our Lips Are Sealed"" (2000), ""Winning London"" (2001), ""Holiday

"Andrea Barber"
Andrea Barber Andrea Laura Barber (born 1976) is an American actress. She is known for playing Kimmy Gibbler in the ABC sitcom ""Full House"" and the Netflix spin-off series ""Fuller House"". Barber is the youngest of three children. She graduated from La Serna High School in Whittier, California. She earned a degree in English from Whittier College in 1999. Barber also has an MA in Women's Studies from the University of York, England. She returned to Whittier as assistant to the director of Whittier College's Office of International Programs. Barber's first major role was as the original Carrie Brady on

"Lori Loughlin"
Lori Loughlin Lori Anne Loughlin () (born July 28, 1964) is an American actress, model, and producer. She is known for her role as Rebecca Donaldson–Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom ""Full House"" (1988–1995) and its Netflix sequel ""Fuller House"" (2016–present). Loughlin has also had success playing the roles of Jody Travis in The Edge of Night (1980–1983), Debbie Wilson in The CW series ""90210"" (2008–2011, 2012), Jennifer Shannon in the television film series Garage Sale Mystery (2013–present), and Abigail Stanton in ""When Calls the Heart"" (2014–present). Loughlin was a co-creator, producer and actor through the two seasons of The WB

"Rise of the Planet of the Apes"
the screenplay, with rewrites from Scott Z. Burns and Mark Bomback. Taking place ten years after ""Rise"", ""Dawn"" follows Caesar's growing nation of evolved apes. Andy Serkis, Terry Notary and Karin Konoval reprise their roles as Caesar, Rocket and Maurice. James Franco returned as Will Rodman in a ""cameo via video"". ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" was released July 11, 2014. On January 6, 2014, 20th Century Fox announced a third installment with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14,

"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"
Apes"". In September 2015, it was announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist. In October 2015, Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as ""War for the Planet of the Apes"". Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell, and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film ""Rise of

"Planet of the Apes"
at the 84th Academy Awards, among other accolades. The strength of Serkis's performance also inspired Fox to promote him for Oscar consideration; he was not nominated by Academy voters. Following the movie's success, Fox immediately planned for a sequel. Producers Peter Chernin and Dylan Clark started planning the film eventually titled ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" just after ""Rise""s release in 2011. Fox allocated a budget of $170 million. Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver returned to pen the script and produce, and the studio quickly signed Andy Serkis to reprise his role as Caesar. Director Rupert Wyatt withdrew

from the project due to production and scheduling issues, and was replaced by Matt Reeves. Set ten years after ""Rise"", the film establishes that the ""simian flu"" that increased the intelligence of the apes has killed most humans. Caesar struggles to maintain peace as his ape community is drawn into violent clashes with nearby human survivors. Weta Digital again provided special effects work, which combined practical sets, digitally manipulated backgrounds, and performance capture ape characters. The lead human characters were played by Jason Clarke, as Malcolm; Keri Russell, as Ellie; and Gary Oldman, as Dreyfus. Released on July 11, 2014,

"Andy Serkis"
of the Apes"". Serkis was acclaimed for his performance as Caesar, and in a high-profile campaign by 20th Century Fox for him to be honoured with a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination, his co-star James Franco stated: ""Andy Serkis is the undisputed master of the newest kind of acting called “performance capture,” and it is time that Serkis gets credit for the innovative artist that he is."" In 2010, Serkis played Monkey, the lead character along with Lindsay Shaw in the videogame """". In January 2011, it was confirmed that Serkis would reprise the role of Gollum in the three-part

last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that did not get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."" In August 2015, ""Deadline"" reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film. In September 2015, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that

War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to ""Rise of the Planet of the Apes"" (2011) and ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" (2014), it is the third installment in the ""Planet of the Apes"" reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities

ape Caesar's troubled quest for independence bests its predecessor in nearly every technical and conceptual department, with incoming helmer Matt Reeves conducting the proceedings with more assertive genre elan than ""Rise"" journeyman Rupert Wyatt."" Todd McCarthy of ""The Hollywood Reporter"" stated that the film ""manages to do at least three things exceptionally well that are hard enough to pull off individually: Maintain a simmering level of tension without let-up for two hours, seriously improve on a very good first entry in a franchise and produce a powerful humanistic statement using a significantly simian cast of characters. In the annals of

as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel. In November 2011, Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to ""Rise"". It was reported to be a ""healthy seven-figure deal"" for him to reprise his role as Caesar, the ape leader. On May 15, 2012, it was announced Scott Z. Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by ""Rise"" writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"". On September

Jeepney
words common slang in the popular vernacular of the era: ""jitney"" being a popular term for an American taxicab, and a ""jeep"" a newly coined term to describe a type of military vehicle (origin from ""General Purpose"", or GP, hence ""Jeep""). Other sources favor the far less likely explanation that it is a portmanteau of ""jeep"" and ""knee"", because the passengers sit in very close proximity to each other. Most jeepneys are used as public utility vehicles. Some are used as personal vehicles. Jeepneys are used less often for commercial or institutional use. When American troops began to leave the

Jeep
as U.S. Army slang for new recruits or vehicles, but the World War II ""jeep"" that went into production in 1941 specifically tied the name to this light military 4x4, arguably making them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as SUVs. The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army and the Allies during World War II, as well as the postwar period. The term became common worldwide in the wake of the war. Doug Stewart noted: ""The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of Yankee

Jeep
license. Many explanations of the origin of the word ""jeep"" have proven difficult to verify. The most widely held theory is that the military designation ""GP"" (for ""Government Purposes"" or ""General Purpose"") was slurred into the word ""Jeep"" in the same way that the contemporary ""HMMWV"" (for ""High-Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle"") has become known as the Humvee. Joe Frazer, Willys-Overland President from 1939 to 1944, claimed to have coined the word ""jeep"" by slurring the initials G.P. There are no contemporaneous uses of ""GP"" before later attempts to create a """"backronym."""" A more detailed view, popularized by R. Lee Ermey

Jeep
Sanders, a dictionary of military slang, published in 1942, in the library at The Pentagon gives this definition: This definition is supported by the use of the term ""jeep carrier"" to refer to the Navy's small escort carriers. Early in 1941, Willys-Overland demonstrated the vehicle's off-road capability by having it drive up the steps of the United States Capitol, driven by Willys test driver Irving ""Red"" Hausmann, who had recently heard soldiers at Fort Holabird calling it a ""jeep."" When asked by syndicated columnist Katharine Hillyer for the ""Washington Daily News"" (or by a bystander, according to another account) what

Jeep
even as they have been decorated in more elaborate and flamboyant styles by their owners. Most Jeepneys today are scratch-built by local manufacturers, using different powertrains. Aside from Jeepneys, backyard assemblers in the Philippines construct replica Jeeps with stainless steel bodies and surplus parts, and are called ""owner-type jeeps"" (as jeepneys are also called ""passenger-type jeeps""). In the United States military, the Jeep has been supplanted by a number of vehicles (e.g. Ford's M151) of which the latest is the Humvee. After World War II, Jeep began to experiment with new designs, including a model that could drive under water.

Jeepney
as standard seating, expanded vehicle height, CCTV, fare collection system (traditional, Panta and/or Beep), speed limiters, GPS and WiFi. Many brand new jeeps built in this generation are usually issued to transport cooperatives and are usually manufactured by established vehicle manufacturers, though backyard builds of such modern jeepneys have been proposed and/or are in existence. However, they will have to adhere to standards as mentioned. Many of the modern jeepneys inherit the design of a truck van (due to their industrially manufactured nature) and less of the traditional jeep, making their aesthetics look more of a bus. Local automobile parts

Jeep
inspired a number of other light utility vehicles, such as the Land Rover. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations. In lowercase, the term ""jeep"" continues to be used as a generic term for vehicles inspired by the Jeep that are suitable for use on rough terrain. When it became clear that the United States would be involved in the European theater of World War II, the Army contacted 135 companies to create working prototypes of a four-wheel drive reconnaissance car. Only two companies responded: American Bantam Car Company and Willys-Overland.

Jeep
ingenuity and cocky, can-do determination."" The Jeep marque has been headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, ever since Willys-Overland launched production of the first CJ or Civilian Jeep branded models there in 1945. Its replacement, the conceptually consistent Jeep Wrangler series, remains in production since 1986. With its solid axles and open top, the Wrangler has been called the Jeep model that is as central to the brand’s identity as the rear-engined 911 is to Porsche. At least two Jeep models (the CJ-5 and the SJ Wagoneer) enjoyed extraordinary three-decade production runs of a single body generation. Jeeps have since the war

Jeep
jeep, the model GPA, or ""seep"" (Sea Jeep) was built for Ford in modest numbers but it could not be considered a huge success—it was neither a good off-road vehicle nor a good boat. As part of the war effort, nearly 30% of all Jeep production was supplied to Great Britain and to the Soviet Red Army. The Jeep has been widely imitated around the world, including in France by Delahaye and by Hotchkiss et Cie (after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under license from Willys), and in Japan by Mitsubishi Motors and Toyota. The Land Rover was inspired by the

"Willys MB"
Willys MB The Willys MB and the Ford GPW, both formally called the U.S. Army Truck, ton, 4×4, Command Reconnaissance, commonly known as Jeep or jeep, and sometimes referred to as G503 are light, off-road capable, military utility vehicles that were manufactured during World War II (from 1941 to 1945) to help mobilize the Allied forces. The jeep became the primary light wheeled transport vehicle of the United States Military and its Allies in World War II. It was also the world's first mass-produced four-wheel drive car, manufactured in six-figure numbers. The ca. 640,000 units built, constituted a ""quarter"" of

table of the 20 states and the date that the state abolished the death penalty. From 1976 to July 1, 2018, there were 1,477 executions, of which 1,302 were by lethal injection, 158 by electrocution, 11 by gas inhalation, 3 by hanging, and 3 by firing squad. The South had the great majority of these executions, with 1,207; there were 181 in the Midwest, 85 in the West, and only 4 in the Northeast. No state in the Northeast has conducted an execution since Connecticut, now abolitionist, in 2005. The state of Texas alone conducted 552 executions, over 1/3 of

Wyoming, which is the least populous state, has only one condemned man. But executions are more frequent (and happen more quickly after sentencing) in conservative states. Texas, which is the second most populous state of the Union, carried out over 500 executions during the post-""Furman"" era, more than a third of the national total. California has carried out only 13 executions during the same period, and has carried out none since 2006. African Americans made up 41% of death row inmates while making up only 12.6% of the general population. They have made up 34% of those actually executed since

1976, while 1442 men have been executed. 15,391 total confirmed lawful executions have been carried out in the US since 1608, and of these, 575, or 3.6%, were women. Women account for 1/50 death sentences, 1/67 people on death row, and 1/100 people whose executions are actually carried out. The states that have executed the most women are California, Texas and Florida. For women, the racial breakdown of those sentenced to death is 21% black, 13% Latina, 2% American Indian, 61% white and 3% Asian. All 30 states with the death penalty provide lethal injection as the primary method of

Prior to abolishing the juvenile death penalty in 2005, any juvenile aged 16 years or older could be sentenced to death in some states, the last of whom was Scott Hain, executed in Oklahoma in 2003 for burning two people to death in a robbery at age 17. Since 2005, there have been no executions nor discussion of executing juveniles in the United States. Aggravating factors for seeking capital punishment of murder vary greatly among death penalty states. California has twenty-two; New Hampshire has seven. Some aggravating circumstances are nearly universal, such as robbery-murder, murder involving rape of the victim,

Capital punishment by the United States federal government Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the United States federal government criminal justice system. It can be handed down for treason, espionage, murder, large-scale drug trafficking, or attempted murder of a witness, juror, or court officer in certain cases. As of 2018, all inmates currently under federal death sentences were condemned for aggravated murder. Executions performed by the federal government are infrequent compared to those performed by state governments. The Federal Bureau of Prisons manages the housing and execution of federal death row prisoners. As of September 28, 2018, 63 offenders

said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one death sentence for every 200 murder convictions. Alabama has the highest ""per capita"" rate of death sentences. This is because Alabama was one of the few states that allowed judges to override a jury recommendation in favor of life imprisonment, a possibility it removed in March 2017. The distribution of death sentences among states is loosely proportional to their populations and murder rates. California, which is the most populous state, has also the largest death row with over 700 inmates.

inmates having exhausted the appeal process. Since 1976, four states have executed only condemned prisoners who voluntarily waived further appeals: Pennsylvania has executed three inmates, Oregon two, Connecticut one, and New Mexico one. In North Carolina, executions are suspended following a decision by the state's medical board that physicians cannot participate in executions, which is a requirement under state law. In California, United States District Judge Jeremy Fogel suspended all executions in the state on December 15, 2006, ruling that the implementation used in California was unconstitutional but that it could be fixed. On November 25, 2009, the Kentucky Supreme

executed 113 offenders since 1976 with only five remaining on death row . To reduce litigation delays, other states require convicts to file their state collateral appeal before the completion of their direct appeal, or provide adjudication of direct and collateral attacks together in a ""unitary review"". After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a type of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a

people, and Gary Lee Sampson who was sentenced to death a second time in 2017 for two carjacking murders (after an original 2003 death sentence for the same crimes was vacated in 2011). As of September 28, 2018, there are 63 offenders on federal death row, most of them at Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana. The only woman on federal death row as of 2018, Lisa M. Montgomery, is held at Federal Medical Center, Carswell, in Fort Worth, Texas. , aside from those at Terre Haute, three male death row inmates are held at ADX Florence, two are

same pattern. In 1967 the ""lone star"" helmet decal added a blue outline to the white-bordered star, giving the logo a bigger, bolder look. The logo and this version of the uniform has seen little change to the present day. The only notable changes in the last 40 years were: During the 1976 season, the blue-white-blue stripe on the crown of the helmets were temporarily changed to red-white-blue to commemorate the United States' bicentennial anniversary. In 1994, the NFL celebrated their 75th Anniversary, and the Dallas Cowboys celebrated their back-to-back Super Bowl titles by unveiling a white ""Double-Star"" jersey on

the number 1 seed of the NFC. They defeated the Green Bay Packers 27–17 in the divisional round. In the NFC Conference Championship, Dallas beat the 49ers in Dallas, 38–21. Dallas sent a then-NFL record 11 players to the Pro Bowl in 1993: Aikman, safety Thomas Everett, Irvin, Johnston, Maryland, Newton, Norton, Novacek, Smith, Stepnoski and Williams. Only weeks after Super Bowl XXVIII, however, friction between Johnson and Jones culminated in Johnson stunning the football world by announcing his resignation. Jones then hired former University of Oklahoma head coach Barry Switzer to replace Johnson. The Cowboys finished 12–4 in 1994.

United States to be used as food for shrimp, prawns, and some fish. Today, these are mostly sold in East Asia and South America. The amount of cysts and the quality are affected by several factors, but salinity is most important. The cysts will hatch at 2 to 3% salinity, but the greatest productivity is at salinities above about 10%. If the salinity drops near 5 to 6%, the cysts will lose buoyancy and sink, making them more difficult to harvest. The lake's north arm contains deposits of oil, but it is of poor quality and it is not economically

"Salt industry in Syracuse, New York"
from boiling and ""refined salt"" produced by the solar method were manufactured on the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation including; ""dairy"", ""table"", ""common"", ""fine"" and ""fertilizing"" salts. Thick layers of shale beneath the syrcuse area were formed over a period of 300 to 500 million years ago. On the East Coast of North America, two landmasses collided and formed a large mountain range. A large shallow depression to the west formed an inland sea. Precipitation and runoff over millions of years gradually eroded the mountain range and sediment, in the form of mud, consolidated into thick layers of what later hardened

"History of salt"
relatively cheap, and often iodized. There have been reports as to the value of salt in historical times, however it has never been more valuable than gold. Salt comes from two main sources: sea water and the sodium chloride mineral halite (also known as rock salt). Rock salt occurs in vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals that result from the drying up of enclosed lakes, playas, and seas. Salt beds may be up to 350 m thick and underlie broad areas. In the United States and Canada extensive underground beds extend from the Appalachian basin of western New York through

of Salina and passing through Geddes and Liverpool to the mouth of Ninemile Creek, a distance of almost nine miles. The majority of salt used in the United States in the 19th century came from Syracuse. Even today, Syracuse is sometimes known as ""the Salt City."" A series of deep and shallow aquifer systems in the Onondaga Creek Valley provided the brine that stimulated early growth in the Syracuse area. Many settlers came to the region to mine the salt and earn a better standard of living for their families. Throughout the years, a wide variety of ""coarse salt"" produced

Tully and the salt springs at the southeastern end of Onondaga Lake. The resulting Onondaga Formation was the source of salt belonging to the ""Onondaga salt-group"" which extends from the Hudson Valley through Syracuse to Wyoming County, New York, where salt wells were established in the early 1880s. From there, it continues through Southern Ontario to Saginaw, Michigan, and extends as far west as Wisconsin and Iowa. ""Salt springs"" are one of three sources from which salt is obtained; ""rock salt (fossil salt)"", ""sea water"" and ""salt brine"" which is derived from springs, lakes, or wells. The brine obtained from

any other North American magnesium operation. Mineral-extraction companies operating on the lake pay royalties on their products to the State of Utah, which owns the lake. The harvest of brine shrimp cysts during fall and early winter has developed into a significant local industry, with the lake providing 35 to 45 percent of the worldwide supply of brine shrimp, and cysts selling for as high as . Brine shrimp were first harvested during the 1950s and sold as commercial fish food. In the 1970s the focus changed to their eggs, known as cysts, which were sold primarily outside of the

"Pink Floyd – The Wall"
Pink, after screen tests, he was removed from the starring role and replaced with punk musician and frontman of the Boomtown Rats, Bob Geldof. In ""Behind the Wall"", both Waters and Geldof later admitted to a story during casting where Geldof and his manager took a taxi to an airport, and Geldof's manager pitched the role to the singer, who continued to reject the offer and express his contempt for the project throughout the fare, unaware that the taxi driver was Waters' brother, who promptly proceeded to tell Waters about Geldof's opinion. Since Waters was no longer in the starring

band. It was also attended by various celebrities including Geldof, Scarfe, Paula Yates, Pete Townshend, Sting, Roger Taylor, James Hunt, Lulu and Andy Summers. The film opened with a limited release on 6 August 1982 and entered at No. 28 of the US box office charts despite only playing in one theatre on its first weekend, grossing over $68,000, a rare feat even by today's standards. The film then spent just over a month below the top 20 while still in the top 30. The film later expanded to over 600 theatres on 10 September, achieving No. 3 at the

"The Wall"
the tour, band relationships dropped to an all-time low; four Winnebagos were parked in a circle, with the doors facing away from the centre. Waters used his own vehicle to arrive at the venue, and stayed in separate hotels from the rest of the band. Wright, returning to perform his duties as a salaried musician, was the only member of the band to profit from the tour, which lost about £400,000. A film adaptation, ""Pink Floyd – The Wall,"" was released in July 1982. It was written by Waters and directed by Alan Parker, with Bob Geldof as Pink. It

Pink Floyd – The Wall Pink Floyd – The Wall is a 1982 British live-action/animated musical drama film directed by Alan Parker with animated segments by political cartoonist Gerald Scarfe, and is based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album of the same name. The film centers around a confined rocker named Pink, who, after being driven into insanity by the death of his father and many depressive moments during his lifetime, constructs a metaphorical (and sometimes physical) wall to be protected from the world and emotional situations around him. When this coping mechanism backfires he puts himself on trial and

coming up, and I knew I had to fortify myself in some way."" During production, while filming the destruction of a hotel room, Geldof suffered a cut to his hand as he pulled away the Venetian blinds. The footage remains in the film. Also, it was discovered while filming the pool scenes that Geldof did not know how to swim. Interiors were shot at Pinewood Studios, and it was suggested that they suspend Geldof in Christopher Reeve's clear cast used for the ""Superman"" flying sequences, but his frame was too small by comparison; it was then decided to make a

"Pink Floyd"
the four to profit from the venture, which lost about $600,000 (US$ in dollars). ""The Wall"" concept also spawned a film, the original idea for which was to be a combination of live concert footage and animated scenes. However, the concert footage proved impractical to film. Alan Parker agreed to direct and took a different approach. The animated sequences would remain, but scenes would be acted by professional actors with no dialogue. Waters was screen-tested, but quickly discarded and they asked Bob Geldof to accept the role of Pink. Geldof was initially dismissive, condemning ""The Wall""s storyline as ""bollocks"". Eventually

"Jason London"
Jordan Ladd and Ernest Borgnine. Jason London Jason Paul London (born November 7, 1972) is an American actor, best known for his role as Randall ""Pink"" Floyd in director Richard Linklater's film ""Dazed and Confused"" (1993). London was born in San Diego, the son of Debbie London (née Osborn), a waitress, and Frank London, a sheet metal worker. He was raised in Wanette, Oklahoma, and in DeSoto, Texas. His identical twin brother Jeremy is also an actor. In 2003, the two acted together in an episode of ""7th Heaven"" titled ""Smoking"". Jeremy was Jason's stunt double in ""The Man in

"Al Gregg"
Al Gregg Al Gregg (born 9 June 1963 in West Brompton, London) is an English actor, writer and musician who has appeared in a variety of theatre, television, film, commercials and voice overs. After leaving school at sixteen he played guitar and sang in various punk bands including Three Minute Warning/Four Minds Crack and then The Wall, (who were produced by both Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols and Jimmy Pursey from Sham 69), and appeared in music magazines like Melody Maker, and recorded on the Wall's Day Tripper 12"" and EP, recorded at the Crass Southern Studios in 1982.

sets himself free. The screenplay was written by Pink Floyd vocalist and bassist Roger Waters. Like its musical companion, the film is highly metaphorical, and symbolic imagery and sound are present most commonly. However, the film is mostly driven by music, and does not feature much dialogue. Gerald Scarfe drew and animated 15 minutes of animated sequences, which appear at several points in the film. It was the seventh animated feature to be presented in Dolby Stereo. The film is best known for its disturbing surrealism, animated sequences, sexual situations, violence and gore. Despite its turbulent production and the creators

grew out of that approach, combined with the issue of the growing alienation between the band and their fans. This symbolised a new era for rock bands, as Pink Floyd ""explored (... ) the hard realities of 'being where we are'"", drawing upon existentialists, namely Jean-Paul Sartre. Even before the original Pink Floyd album was recorded, a film was intended to be made from it. However, the concept of the film was intended to be live footage from the album's tour, with Scarfe's animation and extra scenes. The film was going to star Waters himself. EMI did not intend to

Goku
off with the Saiyan prince Vegeta, who eventually becomes another ally. On his journey to Planet Namek in order to aid his friends in gathering the Namekian Dragon Balls to revive the ones killed by the Saiyans, Goku fights the galactic tyrant Frieza, who destroyed the Saiyans' home planet and nearly the entire race. During his epic battle with Frieza, Goku becomes the first Saiyan in a thousand years to transform into a fabled Super Saiyan. After defeating Frieza and barely escaping the destruction of Namek, Goku learns a teleportation skill called , taught by the inhabitants of the planet

"Operation U-Go"
Operation U-Go The U Go offensive, or Operation C (ウ号作戦 ""U Gō sakusen""), was the Japanese offensive launched in March 1944 against forces of the British Empire in the northeast Indian regions of Manipur and the Naga Hills (then administered as part of Assam). Aimed at the Brahmaputra valley, through the two towns of Imphal and Kohima, the offensive along with the overlapping Ha Go offensive was one of the last major Japanese offensives during the Second World War. The offensive culminated in the Battles of Imphal and Kohima, where the Japanese and their allies were first held and then

"Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger"
on December 26, 2010, the series was officially announced in a commercial. A Tokyo Dome City event for the premiere, serving as the introduction of the cast and theme song singers to the public, held on January 29 and 30, 2011. ""Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger"" began airing in South Korea on July 2012 as ""Power Rangers Captain Force"" (Hangul: 파워레인저 캡틴포스; RR: ""Paweoraeinjeo Kaebtinposeu""). Its footage was used for the 2014 American ""Power Rangers"" season, ""Power Rangers Super Megaforce"". A group of young pirates come from space to Earth to obtain the , which can only be acquired after obtaining the

"Go Fighting!"
Go Fighting! Go Fighting! () is a Chinese variety show broadcast on SMG: Dragon Television. It was first aired on 14 June 2015. Go Fighting! is classified as a game-variety-reality show, and the MCs and guests complete missions at a landmark to win the objective. Usually each episode will also have an over-arching theme or story. Each episode varies in the challenges and the instructions given to the MCs, and rules are not strictly enforced, resulting in a largely unscripted show. The show has been a commercial and critical success since its inception, and the MCs have received praise for

commands. Operation U-Go The U Go offensive, or Operation C (ウ号作戦 ""U Gō sakusen""), was the Japanese offensive launched in March 1944 against forces of the British Empire in the northeast Indian regions of Manipur and the Naga Hills (then administered as part of Assam). Aimed at the Brahmaputra valley, through the two towns of Imphal and Kohima, the offensive along with the overlapping Ha Go offensive was one of the last major Japanese offensives during the Second World War. The offensive culminated in the Battles of Imphal and Kohima, where the Japanese and their allies were first held and

Gohan
level rise to new heights, capable of easily overwhelming the seemingly invincible Majin Boo. As a Half-Saiyan, he has the ability to become an Oozaru, a gigantic ape-like creature, by absorbing waves from a full moon. He lost this ability after his tail was cut by Piccolo, and later Vegeta. He was the third youngest Saiyan to achieve the Super Saiyan transformation at the age of nine whilst training and surpassing his father Goku in the Room of Spirit and Time (hyperbolic time chamber) and as a display of his hidden potential which he unlocked during his training with his

"Go-Go Boy Interrupted"
premiered on YouTube in October 2014. Fowlie commented on each of the first seven episodes via a column at HuffingtonPost.com as they were released. A Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign ending in October 2015 was established to fund a potential second season, and 450 contributors raised $69,033 for the project. Towleroad reported in September 2015 that Droege, Stewart and Evans would return alongside new additions including Heather Morris, Briga Heelan, Chris Riggi, Willam Belli, Nick Adams, Karen Maruyama and Fortune Feimster. Season 2 premiered on April 12, 2016, with a new episode following on each Tuesday for 14 weeks. Daniel Reynolds of

"Go (1999 film)"
fast pace and light-hearted feel appealing. The film grossed $28.5 million worldwide against a $20 million budget. The film was released in the United Kingdom on September 3, 1999, and opened on #6. Because of its irreverent and frequently off topic dialogue, fast pace, rapidly changing point of view, and non chronological format, the film is generally categorized as one of many movies of varying quality that attempted to capture the style of Quentin Tarantino's ""Pulp Fiction"". Leonard Maltin, who disliked the film, said that ""Go"" came off as a ""junior ""Pulp Fiction""."" However, unlike many of the films in

"Go Show"
of year. The program ended with 35 episodes on December 21, 2012. Each episode surrounds the production company, ""Go"", who despite its lack of hit stars, has still managed to survive with its solid movies. The owner of the company, Go Hyun-jung, seeks to recruit new stars to her company through auditions each week for certain movies. Celebrities are brought to the audition by , and are met by the company's only star, Jung Hyung-don, and manager, Yoon Jong-shin. Celebrities attempt to be cast for the week's movie by showing their skills to match with the movie's theme. Go Show

"Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters"
June 21, 2013, taking place between Missions 44 and 45. While getting ready for new years, the Go-Busters are killed off by Great Demon Lord Azazel. Finding himself before God (Syo Jinnai) alongside Jay, Nick uses his status as the one millionth death in 2012 to alter history so that Messiah never existed. Though he and Jay find everyone changed, Nick learns that Hiromu and others have become the , supported by Kuroki as Black Puma, Rika as Pink Cat, and Atsushi Doumyoji (Tatsuhisa Suzuki) as Green Hippopotamus, against the Machine Empire Mechalius under Machine Empress Trange Star (Ayame Misaki).

"Redwood National and State Parks"
Redwood National and State Parks The Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) are a complex of several state and national parks located in the United States, along the coast of northern California. Comprising Redwood National Park (established 1968) and California's Del Norte Coast, Jedediah Smith, and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Parks (dating from the 1920s), the combined RNSP contain , and feature old-growth temperate rainforests. Located entirely within Del Norte and Humboldt Counties, the four parks, together, protect 45% of all remaining coast redwood (""Sequoia sempervirens"") old-growth forests, totaling at least . These trees are the tallest and one of

"Redwood Mountain Grove"
Redwood Mountain Grove Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of giant sequoia (""Sequoiadendron giganteum"") trees on earth. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Giant Sequoia National Monument on the western slope of California's Sierra Nevada. The grove contains the world's tallest giant sequoia (). The Hart Tree and Roosevelt Tree grow in the grove and are two of the 25 largest trees by volume in the world. The largest tree is the General Sherman Tree in the Giant Forest grove to the southeast. The Redwood Mountain Grove contains the most giant sequoia trees within its area.

the areas burned. They highlighted the effects fires have on the many trees, other natural life, and wilderness of the Redwood Mountain Grove and its surroundings. Some of the significant trees found in the grove include: Redwood Mountain Grove Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of giant sequoia (""Sequoiadendron giganteum"") trees on earth. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Giant Sequoia National Monument on the western slope of California's Sierra Nevada. The grove contains the world's tallest giant sequoia (). The Hart Tree and Roosevelt Tree grow in the grove and are two of the 25

coastline and the Coast Ranges can be found within park boundaries. The majority of the rocks in the parks are part of the Franciscan Assemblage, uplifted from the ocean floor millions of years ago. These sedimentary rocks are primarily sandstone, siltstone, shale, and chert, with lesser amounts of metamorphic rocks such as greenstone. For the most part, these rocks are easily eroded, and can be viewed along the seacoast and where rivers and streams have cut small gorges. Formed during the Cretaceous Period, they are highly deformed from uplift and folding processes. In some areas, river systems have created fluvial

The native range of coast redwood is from the northern California coast north to the southern Oregon Coast. The tree is closely related to the giant sequoia of central California, and more distantly to the dawn redwood which is indigenous to the Sichuan–Hubei region of China. Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; as of September 2006, the tallest tree in the park was Hyperion at , followed by Helios and Icarus which were and respectively. Before September 2006, the tallest living specimen known was the Stratosphere Giant, outside the park in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, which was in

"Humboldt Redwoods State Park"
Humboldt Redwoods State Park Humboldt Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, containing Rockefeller Forest, the world's largest remaining contiguous old-growth forest of coast redwoods. It is located south of Eureka, California, near Weott in southern Humboldt County, within Northern California, named after the great nineteenth-century scientist, Alexander von Humboldt. The park was established by the Save the Redwoods League in 1921 largely from lands purchased from the Pacific Lumber Company. Beginning with the dedication of the Raynal Bolling Memorial Grove, it has grown to become the third-largest park in the California State Park system, now

"Sequoia sempervirens"
redwood are paternally inherited. Coast redwoods occupy a narrow strip of land approximately in length and in width along the Pacific coast of North America; the most southerly grove is in Monterey County, California, and the most northerly groves are in extreme southwestern Oregon. The prevailing elevation range is above sea level, occasionally down to 0 and up to 3,000 ft (about 920 m). They usually grow in the mountains where precipitation from the incoming moisture off the ocean is greater. The tallest and oldest trees are found in deep valleys and gullies, where year-round streams can flow, and fog

"Geography of California"
Geography of California California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America. Covering an area of , California is geographically diverse. The Sierra Nevada, the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley, and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the major geographic features of this U.S. state. It is home to some of the world's most exceptional trees: the tallest (coast redwood), most massive (Giant Sequoia), and oldest (bristlecone pine). It is also home to both the highest (Mount Whitney) and lowest (Death Valley) points in the 48 contiguous states. The state is generally

"Giant Forest"
Giant Forest The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of . The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over of hiking trails. Five of the ten most massive trees on the planet are located within the Giant Forest. The largest of these, the General Sherman tree, measures across the base. The giant sequoia tree is the most massive species of tree on

"Calaveras Big Trees State Park"
Calaveras Big Trees State Park Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada. It has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported, and is considered the longest continuously operated tourist facility in California. Parcels of land that would later become the state park and nearby national park were optioned by lumberman Robert P. Whiteside in January, 1900, with the

"Judith Keppel"
Judith Keppel Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"" in the United Kingdom. She is the first person to have won a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show ""Eggheads"" since 2003. Keppel's father Hon Walter Arnold Crispian Keppel (1914–1996) was a lieutenant commander in the Fleet Air Arm, who moved with the family to various naval postings around Britain until they settled in London when she was 17. She took

"Darva Conger"
Darva Conger Darva Conger (born September 21, 1965) is a former emergency department nurse who in 2000 was selected as the winner of the reality television show ""Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?"" Conger previously served in the U.S. Air Force, and at one time was stationed at Hill AFB in Utah, and then at Scott Air Force Base, near St. Louis. She studied nursing at Southern Illinois University at the Edwardsville and Carbondale campuses, graduating ""magna cum laude"". Conger's mother is retired American actress Susan Harrison. In the show, which aired as a single two-hour broadcast on February 15,

"Athalia Ponsell Lindsley"
had alluded to having certain information. Her murder, like Lindsley's, was never solved. Athalia Ponsell Lindsley Athalia Ponsell Lindsley (July 25, 1917 – January 23, 1974) was a former American model, Broadway dancer, political activist and television personality on the show ""Winner Take All"". Lindsley was murdered with a machete by an unknown assailant on the front steps of her home in St. Augustine, Florida. Her murder remains unsolved. Lindsley was born to a wealthy family in Toledo, Ohio and was raised on the Isle of Pines, an island possession of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea. She spent 20 years

"Venida Evans"
with ""The Detroit News"". She was referring specifically to the sudden interest in her career after working as an actress for more than thirty years. Evans told ""The Detroit News"", ""Baby, it's a roller coaster ride. But I'm having a lot of fun...There have been a lot of ups and downs. But suddenly I'm experiencing a real up-kick, which is scary but exciting."" On May 21, 2009, she also appeared on ABC's Who Wants To Be A Millionaire winning $8000. Venida Evans Venida Evans (born September 2, 1947) is an American television, film, stage and commercial actress. Evans is perhaps

Athalia Ponsell Lindsley Athalia Ponsell Lindsley (July 25, 1917 – January 23, 1974) was a former American model, Broadway dancer, political activist and television personality on the show ""Winner Take All"". Lindsley was murdered with a machete by an unknown assailant on the front steps of her home in St. Augustine, Florida. Her murder remains unsolved. Lindsley was born to a wealthy family in Toledo, Ohio and was raised on the Isle of Pines, an island possession of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea. She spent 20 years in New York as a model, chorus line dancer and hostess on Bud

"Marian Stafford"
Marian Stafford Marian Stafford (February 7, 1931 – August 16, 1984) was an American actress and model. She was ""Playboy"" magazine's Playmate of the Month for the March 1956 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Ruth Sondak, and was the first to consist of three pages. In addition to posing for other men's magazines in the decade, Stafford became a popular personality during the so-called ""Golden Age"" of television. She was a regular on game shows such as ""Treasure Hunt"" and ""The $64,000 Question"". Stafford died on August 16, 1984, at the age of 53. She was survived by her

"Miskel Spillman"
Miskel Spillman Miskel Spillman (September 8, 1897 – March 30, 1992) was the winner of the first and only ""Anyone Can Host"" contest on NBC's late-night variety series ""Saturday Night Live"", and hosted the December 17, 1977, broadcast of the show. An 80-year-old German immigrant and grandmother from New Orleans, Spillman held the record as the oldest host in ""SNL""s history (two weeks older than Ruth Gordon when she hosted) for many years, until it was broken on May 8, 2010, by 88-year-old Betty White. Spillman remains the only non-celebrity to host the program. Spillman's appearance as host (the Season

couldn't say yes right away, because I felt like I was kind of cheating in a way"". She eventually felt compelled to record the song because of the impact ""Beauty and the Beast"" has had on her career. According to Dion, ""I was at the beginning of my career, it put me on the map, it put me where I am today"". Also, Josh Groban was announced to be performing the new original song ""Evermore"" on January 26, 2017. The 2017 film features a remake of the 1991 original song recorded as a duet by Ariana Grande and John Legend.

"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)"
Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film ""Beauty and the Beast"". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three

Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film ""Beauty and the Beast"". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,

"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
played during the film's end credits. Groban released a statement, saying: ""I am honored to sing this beautiful new song by two of my absolute favorites, Alan Menken and Tim Rice. ""Beauty and the Beast"" has been with me since my childhood and to have a musical connection to this new film makes me so happy."" The announcement coincided with the studio's release of a new promotional poster for the film, which Disney allowed the singer to premiere using his official Twitter account. A 30-second sample of the track was uploaded to SoundCloud on February 14, 2017, which Groban also

film as a ""straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical"". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song ""Home"", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the

Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) ""Evermore"" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film ""Beauty and the Beast"" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, ""Evermore"" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during

joking, ""it would be like writing 'Don't Cry for Me Brazil',"" referring to ""Don't Cry for Me Argentina"", a song he famously wrote for the stage musical ""Evita"". Originally entitled ""For Evermore"", ""Evermore"" was written by composer Menken and lyricist Rice. The last of the three original songs written for the remake, ""Evermore"" was completed considerably late into production after the filmmakers finally agreed that the Beast should perform his own. Written in Spring 2015 in London, England, Menken quickly composed its melody before Rice contributed lyrics revolving around the Beast releasing Belle. Actor Dan Stevens, who portrays the Beast

as ""Evermore"". After briefly considering Italian opera singer Andrea Bocelli, Leib suggested American singer Josh Groban because, in his opinion, the singer's ""voice is a natural fit for this showstopper of a composition."" Having already known Groban personally, Menken texted the singer who immediately confirmed his interest. Groban recorded the song shortly after the studio made final arrangements with his manager. On January 26, 2017, Disney announced that Groban had recorded a cover of ""Evermore"" – still entitled ""For Evermore"", at the time – and revealed that his version would be included on the remake's soundtrack in addition to being

Menken and Tim Rice, particularly ""Evermore"" which he described the new song with a potential for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Peter Travers of ""Rolling Stone"" rated the film three out of four stars which he deemed it as an ""exhilarating gift"" while he remarked that """"Beauty and the Beast"" does justice to Disney's animated classic, even if some of the magic is M.I.A (Missing in Action)"". Stephanie Zacharek of ""Time"" magazine gave a positive review with a description as ""Wild, Vivid and Crazy-Beautiful"" as she wrote ""Nearly everything about ""Beauty and the Beast"" is larger than life,

Bottrop
Bottrop Bottrop () is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing coal-tar derivatives, chemicals, textiles, and machinery. Bottrop grew as a mining center beginning in the 1860s, was chartered as a city in 1921, and bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. In 1975 it unified with the neighbour communities of Gladbeck and Kirchhellen, but Gladbeck left it in 1976, leading to Kirchhellen becoming a district

Ruhrort
Ruhrort nowadays lacks the grimy air of a port district and is a neat little village with narrow streets, small parks and some fine cafes. Ruhrort Ruhrort is a district within the German city of Duisburg situated north of the confluence of the Ruhr and the Rhine, in the western part of the Ruhr area. Ruhrort has the largest river harbour in the World, with quays extending nearly 40 kilometres along the river, and it is the principal inland shipping port in Germany. Ruhrort was founded in 1371 as a customs site and was granted town status in 1551. Due

Ruhrort
Ruhrort Ruhrort is a district within the German city of Duisburg situated north of the confluence of the Ruhr and the Rhine, in the western part of the Ruhr area. Ruhrort has the largest river harbour in the World, with quays extending nearly 40 kilometres along the river, and it is the principal inland shipping port in Germany. Ruhrort was founded in 1371 as a customs site and was granted town status in 1551. Due to its convenient position on the junction of two important waterways a shipping guild and a harbour had been created by 1665, mainly for trading

Rhine
German are spoken. Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. Duisburg is the home of Europe's largest inland port and functions as a hub to the sea ports of Rotterdam, Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition

Oberhausen
Oberhausen Oberhausen () is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen ( ). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. Oberhausen was named for its 1847 railway station which had taken its name from the Oberhausen Castle (German: ""Schloss Oberhausen""). The new borough was formed in 1862 following inflow of people for the local coal mines and steel mills. Awarded town rights in 1874, Oberhausen absorbed several neighbouring boroughs including Alstaden, parts of Styrum

"Rhine–Herne Canal"
Fish that inhabit the canal include European eel, European carp, zander, carp bream, common roach and common rudd, as well as the less common pike and rainbow trout. Rhine–Herne Canal The Rhine–Herne Canal () is a transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine () with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship

"Ruhr (river)"
Northern Germany or the River Thames in the United Kingdom. The Ruhr first passes the towns of Meschede, Arnsberg, Wickede, Fröndenberg, Holzwickede, Iserlohn and Schwerte. Then the river marks the southern limit of the Ruhr area, passing Hagen, Dortmund, Herdecke, Wetter, Witten, Bochum, Hattingen, Essen, Mülheim and Duisburg. The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there. The occupation of the Ruhr from 1923-24 by French forces, due to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue paying reparations from World War I, provoked passive resistance, which saw production in the factories

"Brunsbüttel"
Brunsbüttel Brunsbüttel () is a town in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany that lies on the mouth of the Elbe river, near the North Sea. It is the location of the western entrance to the Kiel Canal, the busiest artificial waterway in the world. The earliest reference to the town is in a document dated 14 July 1286. With the construction of the Kiel Canal ""(Nord-Ostsee-Kanal)"" in 1911, the town was divided in two. During the opening days of World War II, on 4 September 1939, the No. 149 Squadron RAF carried out the second bombing of

and in breadth a new sluice chamber with a usable length of and a breadth of were commissioned, so that bigger ships with lighters (barges) as specified in Euro class II can pass through the sluice gates. The canal begins in Duisburg along with the Schifffahrtskanal; connected to land by three bays of the ""Kanalhafen"", and to the rest of the world via the Rhine. The Rhine-Herne Canal headquarters is in the Meiderich district of Duisburg, it serves as the water and shipping management canal and its locks from Essen to Herne. From here maintenance and repair work are organised

Duisburg
has campuses in Essen and Duisburg, and a university hospital in Essen. Duisburg is a result of numerous incorporations of surrounding towns and smaller cities. The city is renowned for its steel industry. All blast furnaces in the Ruhr are now located in Duisburg. In 2000, 49% of all hot metal and 34.4% of all pig iron in Germany were produced here. It also has a large brewery, König. In the early Middle Ages it was a royal court of the Franks, first mentioned in writing in 883. Duisburg is in the Lowland Rhine area at the confluence of the

who declared war on the united states four days after pearl harbor

"United States declaration of war on Japan"
United States declaration of war on Japan On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war () on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the ""Infamy Speech"" of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high-security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed

"Attack on Pearl Harbor"
Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, ""a date which will live in infamy"". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.

Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured. The surprise attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day, December 8, the United States declared war on Japan, and several days later, on December 11, Germany and Italy each declared war on the U.S. The U.S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940, disappeared. There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by

"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"
against Germany and Italy still remained quite high with 80% disapproval. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. After two hours of bombing, 18 U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 men were killed. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the 77th United States Congress. Roosevelt called December 7 ""a date which will live in infamy"". Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan amid outrage at the attack, the deaths of thousands of Americans,

these preparations, Emperor Hirohito did not approve the attack plan until November 5, after the third of four Imperial Conferences called to consider the matter. Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the ""Hull Note"" would ""destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea."" By late 1941, many observers believed that hostilities between the U.S. and Japan were imminent. A Gallup poll just before the attack on Pearl Harbor found that 52% of Americans expected war with Japan, 27% did not,

down the process – it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States. It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the US that it was withdrawing from further peace negotiations, but the attack began before the notice could

and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called ""back door"". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War

as required by diplomatic traditions. The United Kingdom declared war on Japan nine hours before the US did, partially due to Japanese attacks on the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong; and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war ""within the hour"" of a Japanese attack on the United States. President Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his Infamy Speech, addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12:30 p.m. on December 8. The declaration was quickly brought to a vote; it passed the Senate, and then passed the House at 1:10 p.m.

"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire"
Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The declaration of war was printed on the front page of all Japanese newspapers' evening editions on December 8. The document was subsequently printed again on the eighth day of

Empire of Japan. Congress obliged his request less than an hour later. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, even though the Tripartite Pact did not require it. Congress issued a declaration of war against Germany and Italy later that same day. The UK actually declared war on Japan nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war ""within the hour"" of a Japanese attack on the United States. The attack was an initial shock to all

"Designated Player Rule"
salary using one of the club's Designated Player slots. As of December 2015, there have been 114 designated players in the MLS. The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player signed under this rule, signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy with guaranteed annual salary of $6.5 million. The team salary cap was estimated to be around US$1.9 million in 2006, was $2.1 million in 2007, and was raised to $2.3 million for the 2008 season. As part

does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal. Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list

Angeles Galaxy worth up to $250 million over five years, with direct guaranteed compensation from MLS and Galaxy at $6.5 million a year. The rest of Beckham's increased earnings would come from Beckham regaining the entirety of his image rights, of which Real Madrid had owned fifty percent, effectively doubling his existing endorsement income, as well as new endorsement deals, a share of jersey sales, bonuses, etc. Notes Notes Designated Player Rule The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, was adopted as part of the salary cap regulations of Major League Soccer for the 2007 season. The rule allows

Designated Player Rule The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, was adopted as part of the salary cap regulations of Major League Soccer for the 2007 season. The rule allows each MLS franchise to sign up to three players that would be considered outside the team's salary cap (either by offering the player higher wages or by paying a transfer fee for the player), allowing MLS teams to compete for star players in the international soccer market. Clubs have the option to use allocation money against a player's contract, so to avoid a player with a Designated Player level

"Major League Soccer"
the salary cap. Rules concerning Designated Players and allocation money allow for additional wage spending that is exempt from the salary cap. These initiatives have brought about an increase in on-field competition. The designated player (DP) rule allows teams to sign a limited number of players whose salary exceeds the maximum cap, each DP player only counts as $480,625 (the maximum non-DP salary) against the cap in 2017. Instituted in 2007, England's David Beckham was the first signing under the DP rule. The DP rule has led to large income inequality in MLS with top DPs earning as much as

was increased to $368,750 for 2013, $387,500 in 2014, $436,250 in 2015, $457,500 in 2016, and $480,625 in 2017. The budget charge for those who join during the midseason transfer window has remained at one-half of the full-season cap charge since the inception of the rule. The budget charges for younger players have not changed since 2012. The rule is informally named after soccer star David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player to be signed under this rule, signing a lucrative contract with the Los

"Edge (geometry)"
Edge (geometry) In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an edge is a line segment where two faces meet. A segment joining two vertices while passing through the interior or exterior is not an edge but instead is called a diagonal. In graph theory, an edge is an abstract object connecting two graph vertices, unlike polygon and polyhedron edges which

"Vertex (geometry)"
Vertex (geometry) In geometry, a vertex (plural: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. The ""vertex"" of an angle is the point where two rays begin or meet, where two line segments join or meet, where two lines intersect (cross), or any appropriate combination of rays, segments and lines that result in two straight ""sides"" meeting at one place. A vertex is a corner point of a

not only with three spatial coordinates but also with other graphical information necessary to render the object correctly, such as colors, reflectance properties, textures, and surface normals; these properties are used in rendering by a vertex shader, part of the vertex pipeline. Vertex (geometry) In geometry, a vertex (plural: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. The ""vertex"" of an angle is the point where two rays

(""d"" − 1)-dimensional features, a ridge is a (""d"" − 2)-dimensional feature, and a peak is a (""d"" − 3)-dimensional feature. Thus, the edges of a polygon are its facets, the edges of a 3-dimensional convex polyhedron are its ridges, and the edges of a 4-dimensional polytope are its peaks. Edge (geometry) In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an

"Vertex (graph theory)"
Vertex (graph theory) In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of arcs (ordered pairs of vertices). In a diagram of a graph, a vertex is usually represented by a circle with a label, and an edge is represented by a line or arrow extending from one vertex to another. From the point of

"Vertex (curve)"
Vertex (curve) In the geometry of planar curves, a vertex is a point of where the first derivative of curvature is zero. This is typically a local maximum or minimum of curvature, and some authors define a vertex to be more specifically a local extreme point of curvature. However, other special cases may occur, for instance when the second derivative is also zero, or when the curvature is constant. For space curves, on the other hand, a vertex is a point where the torsion vanishes. A hyperbola has two vertices, one on each branch; they are the closest of any

polygon, polyhedron, or other higher-dimensional polytope, formed by the intersection of edges, faces or facets of the object. In a polygon, a vertex is called ""convex"" if the internal angle of the polygon, that is, the angle formed by the two edges at the vertex, with the polygon inside the angle, is less than π radians ( 180°, two right angles) ; otherwise, it is called ""concave"" or ""reflex"". More generally, a vertex of a polyhedron or polytope is convex if the intersection of the polyhedron or polytope with a sufficiently small sphere centered at the vertex is convex, and

view of graph theory, vertices are treated as featureless and indivisible objects, although they may have additional structure depending on the application from which the graph arises; for instance, a semantic network is a graph in which the vertices represent concepts or classes of objects. The two vertices forming an edge are said to be the endpoints of this edge, and the edge is said to be incident to the vertices. A vertex ""w"" is said to be adjacent to another vertex ""v"" if the graph contains an edge (""v"",""w""). The neighborhood of a vertex ""v"" is an induced subgraph

"Loop (graph theory)"
Loop (graph theory) In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a ""buckle"") is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple edges between the same vertices): In a graph with one vertex, all edges must be loops. Such a graph is called a bouquet. For an undirected graph, the degree of a vertex is equal to the number of adjacent

"Vertex figure"
Vertex figure In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off. Take some corner or vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connected edge. Draw lines across the connected faces, joining adjacent points around the face. When done, these lines form a complete circuit, i.e. a polygon, around the vertex. This polygon is the vertex figure. More precise formal definitions can vary quite widely, according to circumstance. For example Coxeter (e.g. 1948, 1954) varies his definition as convenient for the current area of discussion.

times when deciding on this. The Union victory in the Battle of Antietam caused them to delay this decision. The Emancipation Proclamation over time would reinforce the political liability of supporting the Confederacy. Despite sympathy for the Confederacy, France's seizure of Mexico ultimately deterred them from war with the Union. Confederate offers late in the war to end slavery in return for diplomatic recognition were not seriously considered by London or Paris. After 1863, the Polish revolt against Russia further distracted the European powers, and ensured that they would remain neutral. The Eastern theater refers to the military operations east

500,000 Union military deaths and 350,000 Confederate military deaths, for a total death toll of 850,000 soldiers. While Walker's estimates were originally dismissed because of the 1870 Census's undercounting, it was later found that the census was only off by 6.5%, and that the data Walker used would be roughly accurate. Analyzing the number of dead by using census data to calculate the deviation of the death rate of men of fighting age from the norm suggests that at least 627,000 and at most 888,000, but most likely 761,000 soldiers, died in the war. This would break down to approximately

914,660 While the figures of 360,000 army deaths for the Union and 260,000 for the Confederacy remained commonly cited, they are incomplete. In addition to many Confederate records being missing, partly as a result of Confederate widows not reporting deaths due to being ineligible for benefits, both armies only counted troops who died during their service, and not the tens of thousands who died of wounds or diseases after being discharged. This often happened only a few days or weeks later. Francis Amasa Walker, Superintendent of the 1870 Census, used census and Surgeon General data to estimate a minimum of

battlefield reports likely under-counted deaths (many men counted as wounded in battlefield reports subsequently died of their wounds). Thomas L. Livermore, using Fox's data, put the number of Confederate non-combat deaths at 166,000, using the official estimate of Union deaths from disease and accidents and a comparison of Union and Confederate enlistment records, for a total of 260,000 deaths. However, this excludes the 30,000 deaths of Confederate troops in prisons, which would raise the minimum number of deaths to 290,000. The United States National Park Service uses the following figures in its official tally of war losses: Union: 853,838 Confederate:

two regions. The South sent delegations to Washington and offered to pay for the federal properties and enter into a peace treaty with the United States. Lincoln rejected any negotiations with Confederate agents because he claimed the Confederacy was not a legitimate government, and that making any treaty with it would be tantamount to recognition of it as a sovereign government. Secretary of State William Seward, who at the time saw himself as the real governor or ""prime minister"" behind the throne of the inexperienced Lincoln, engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations that failed. President Lincoln was determined to hold

of fundamentally undermining the legitimacy of slavery. During the Civil War, sentiment concerning slaves, enslavement and emancipation in the United States was divided. In 1861, Lincoln worried that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that ""to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game."" Copperheads and some War Democrats opposed emancipation, although the latter eventually accepted it as part of total war needed to save the Union. At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Frémont (in Missouri) and David

their struggle for liberty, their commitment to free trade, and the essential role of cotton in the European economy. The European aristocracy was ""absolutely gleeful in pronouncing the American debacle as proof that the entire experiment in popular government had failed. European government leaders welcomed the fragmentation of the ascendant American Republic."" U.S. minister to Britain Charles Francis Adams proved particularly adept and convinced Britain not to boldly challenge the blockade. The Confederacy purchased several warships from commercial shipbuilders in Britain (, , , , , and some others). The most famous, the , did considerable damage and led to

350,000 Confederate and 411,000 Union military deaths, going by the proportion of Union to Confederate battle losses. Deaths among former slaves has proven much harder to estimate, due to the lack of reliable census data at the time, though they were known to be considerable, as former slaves were set free or escaped in massive numbers in an area where the Union army did not have sufficient shelter, doctors, or food for them. University of Connecticut Professor James Downs states that tens to hundreds of thousands of slaves died during the war from disease, starvation, exposure, or execution at the

many men deserted temporarily to take care of their distressed families, then returned to their units. In the North, ""bounty jumpers"" enlisted to get the generous bonus, deserted, then went back to a second recruiting station under a different name to sign up again for a second bonus; 141 were caught and executed. From a tiny frontier force in 1860, the Union and Confederate armies had grown into the ""largest and most efficient armies in the world"" within a few years. European observers at the time dismissed them as amateur and unprofessional, but British historian John Keegan concluded that each

rejected that notion as opposed to the will of the Founding Fathers who said they were setting up a perpetual union. Historian James McPherson writes concerning states' rights and other non-slavery explanations: Sectionalism resulted from the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South. Regional tensions came to a head during the War of 1812, resulting in the Hartford Convention which manifested Northern dissastisfaction with a foreign trade embargo that affected the industrial North disproportionately, the Three-Fifths Compromise, dilution of Northern power by new states, and a succession of Southern Presidents. Sectionalism increased steadily between

Ampicillin
kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe. Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Its wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.13 and 1.20 for a vial of the intravenous solution as of 2014. In the United States, it is available as a generic medication and 10 days of treatment cost about $13. Ampicillin used to also be

Nifedipine
feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. There is tentative evidence that its use in pregnancy is safe; however, it is not recommended during breastfeeding. It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. Nifedipine was discovered in 1969 and approved for use in the United States in 1981. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the developing world for

Penicillin
was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from ""Penicillium"" fungi. The term ""penicillin"" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less

competitively inhibits the excretion of penicillin, increasing penicillin's concentration and prolonging its activity. Eventually, the advent of mass-production techniques and semi-synthetic penicillins resolved the supply issues, so this use of probenecid declined. Probenecid is still useful, however, for certain infections requiring particularly high concentrations of penicillins. After World War II, Australia was the first country to make the drug available for civilian use. In the U.S., penicillin was made available to the general public on March 15, 1945. The chemical structure of penicillin was first proposed by Edward Abraham in 1942 and was later confirmed in 1945 using X-ray crystallography

Pentamidine
effects of the inhaled form include wheezing, cough, and nausea. It is unclear if doses should be changed in those with kidney or liver problems. Pentamidine is not recommended in early pregnancy but may be used in later pregnancy. Its safety during breastfeeding is unclear. Pentamidine is in the aromatic diamidine family of medications. While how the medication works is not entirely clear, it is believed to involve decreasing the making of DNA, RNA, and protein. Pentamidine came into medical use in 1937. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines

Ethionamide
with the use of mycolic acid. Ethionamide was discovered in 1956 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1965. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about $5.94 to $24.12 USD per month. Ethionamide is used in combination with other antituberculosis agents as part of a second-line regimen for active tuberculosis. Ethionamide is well absorbed orally with or without food, but is often administered with food to improve tolerance. It crosses the blood brain

Clomifene
by the hypothalamus, and subsequently gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary. Clomifene was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.79 to 2.00 USD for a course of treatment. In the United States the wholesale cost of a course of treatment is 4.80 USD. Its introduction began the era of assisted reproductive technology. Clomifene is useful in those who are

Amoxicillin
and breastfeeding does not appear to be harmful. Amoxicillin is in the beta-lactam family of antibiotics. Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication. It has a wholesale cost in the developing world of between US$0.02 and 0.05 per pill. In the United States, ten days of treatment costs about US$16 ($0.40 per pill). Amoxicillin is

Howard Florey had devised a method of mass-producing the drug, but yields remained low. In 1941, Florey and Heatley travelled to the US in order to interest pharmaceutical companies in producing the drug and inform them about their process. Florey and Chain shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming for their work. The challenge of mass-producing this drug was daunting. On March 14, 1942, the first patient was treated for streptococcal septicemia with US-made penicillin produced by Merck & Co. Half of the total supply produced at the time was used on that one patient. By June 1942,

Penicillamine
binding heavy metals; the resulting penicillamine–metal complexes are then removed from the body in the urine. Penicillamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1970. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.55 to $1.20 a dose. In the United States treatment costs more than $200 per month. It is used as a chelating agent: In cystinuria, a hereditary disorder in which high urine cystine levels lead to the formation of cystine stones,

what ethnic group celebrates its contribution to america in october

"Irish-American Heritage Month"
Irish-American Heritage Month Irish-American Heritage Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Irish immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1991. The heritage month is in March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday on March 17. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. Saint Patrick's Day is a Roman Catholic religious holiday that honors the saint, who introduced Christianity to Ireland in the early

27, 2015)"" ""Irish-American Heritage Month, 2016 (February 29, 2016)"" ""Irish-American Heritage Month, 2017 (March 1, 2017)"" ""Irish-American Heritage Month, 2018 (February 28, 2018)"" Federal Register search for presidential documents with ""Irish-American Heritage Month"" Irish-American Heritage Month Irish-American Heritage Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Irish immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1991. The heritage month is in March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday on March 17. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by

"National Hispanic Heritage Month"
National Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded in Alta California in 1776, through the Spanish province of Texas with its gauchos (cowboys), to the fortress of St. Augustine, Florida — the first colonial settlement in

"Jewish American Heritage Month"
Jewish American Heritage Month Jewish American Heritage Month (JAHM) is an annual recognition and celebration of Jewish American achievements in and contributions to the United States of America during the month of May. President George W. Bush first proclaimed the month on April 20, 2006, as a result of cooperation with Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA), as well as the Jewish Museum of Florida and the South Florida Jewish Community. Since then, annual proclamations have been made by Presidents Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. In April 2006, President George W. Bush announced that May 2006 would be considered Jewish American

fifth century. It has developed in the United States as a celebration of all things Irish. With large ethnic Irish populations, Boston and New York City both claim the world's first Saint Patrick's Day parade, while Philadelphia claims to be the second oldest behind New York City. In New York City, it occurred on March 17, 1762, featuring Irish soldiers serving in the British military protecting the Colonies during the French and Indian War. In 1948, President Harry S. Truman, of Scottish descent, attended the New York Saint Patrick's Day parade and gave a speech to attendees. This was a

year since 1991. Each year in March, the Irish Taoiseach visits the United States for Saint Patrick's Day. A Shamrock Ceremony takes place in the morning at the White House where a crystal bowl containing shamrock, a traditional symbol of Ireland, is presented to the President in the Oval Office. This is followed by a Friends of Ireland luncheon hosted by the House Speaker in the U.S. Capitol or the Rayburn House Office Building. The luncheon is attended by the President, Vice President, the Taoiseach, the Speaker, and other officials. In the evening, a Saint Patrick's Day Reception takes place

"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month"
Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in October. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. In tribute to all Italian Americans, the US

in The Bronx, New York City is held annually in September to coincide with Hispanic Heritage Month. The Smithsonian Institution hosts Hispanic Heritage Month events in Washington, D.C.. National Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded

"Independence Day (United States)"
that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people. Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (""e.g."", streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such

"Saint Patrick's Day in the United States"
to the advancement of the Irish Activities in Cleveland."" This recognition has been part of the parade since 1935, while ""Mother of the Year"" was established as a distinguished position since 1963. Each year Saint Patrick's in Five Points welcomes over 40,000 people living the luck of the Irish and celebrating all things Gaelic. Continually growing and improving, the festival includes a 10K and 5K run, a fun-filled parade, family entertainment, Irish food and craft offerings, child attraction, the Pot O’ Gold Playland, a swinging shag dance exhibition and DJ throwdown, as well as five outdoor stages with live music

"Hurricane Bob"
the category. But some sources say that Bob might have caused as much as $3 billion (1991 USD, $ USD) in damage. In addition, eighteen fatalities were reported in association with Bob. The loss of life and most of the damage occurred as a result of high winds and rough seas. There were six confirmed tornadoes during its passage. Bob is the most recent hurricane to hit the New England states directly as a hurricane. Hurricane Bob originated from the remnants of a frontal trough to the southeast of Bermuda on August 12. The system tracked towards the southwest and

on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale). After peaking in intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), Bob weakened slightly as it approached the coast of New England. Bob made landfall twice in Rhode Island as a Category 2 hurricane on August 19, first on Block Island and then in Newport. Upon doing so, it became the only hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States during the 1991 season. Moving further inland, Bob rapidly weakened, and deteriorated to a tropical storm while emerging into the Gulf of Maine. Shortly thereafter, Bob made landfall in Maine as a

"Hurricane Irene"
move, the MBTA suspended all metropolitan Boston public transportation at 8:00 am on August 28. In Vermont, Governor Peter Shumlin declared a state of emergency on August 27, in preparation for the hurricane's arrival. In a joint statement, Vermont electric utilities announced that they planned to have extra staff on hand. The National Weather Service stated that it anticipated of rain on the Champlain Valley and western Vermont and in the Green Mountains and eastern Vermont, with the risk of flooding near streams and rivers and an anticipated sustained wind speeds of and gusts of up to , causing significant

"2011 New England tornado outbreak"
2011 New England tornado outbreak On June 1, 2011, seven tornadoes appeared in Massachusetts' Connecticut River Valley and southern Maine, destroying large sections of Springfield, Massachusetts and its surrounding region, killing three people, injuring 300 in Springfield alone, and leaving at least 500 people homeless. On May 30, two days before the outbreak, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) noted the possibility of a severe weather event in the Northeastern United States in their outlook. A storm system was forecast to draw warm, moist air (with dew points over ) from the south, ahead of a driving cold front. In light

"2004 Atlantic hurricane season"
and about $61.2 billion in damage, making it the costliest Atlantic hurricane season at the time, until surpassed by the following year, 2012, and then 2017. With six hurricanes reaching at least Category 3 intensity, 2004 also had the most major hurricanes since 1996. However, that record would also be surpassed in 2005, with seven major hurricanes that year. In the spring of 2005, four names were retired: Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. This tied the then-record most names retired with 1955 and 1995, while five were retired in 2005. Since 1984, forecasts of hurricane activity have been issued before

"Climate of Massachusetts"
prone to nor'easters and to severe winter storms. Summers can bring thunderstorms, averaging around 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. Massachusetts averages one tornado per year. Massachusetts, like the entire United States eastern seaboard, is vulnerable to hurricanes. Because its location is farther east in the Atlantic Ocean than states farther south, Massachusetts has suffered a direct hit from a major hurricane three times since 1851, the same number of direct hits suffered by the southern Atlantic state of Georgia. More often hurricanes weakened to tropical storm strength pass near Massachusetts. With the exception of extreme southern Connecticut, all

"Maine flood of 1987"
Maine flood of 1987 The Maine flood of 1987 is A pair of spring storms in March and April 1987, combined with snow-melt, resulted in heavy flooding in Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. In the days before the first storm, weather throughout New England was mostly clear and dry. Except in higher-elevation areas, much of southern New England's snow-pack from December and January had disappeared. However, snow-packs in Maine were just beginning to melt. A five to six-inch snow/water equivalent was not uncommon, with some measurements of ten inches recorded at the end of March. A storm that had affected

"Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New England"
a federal disaster area. Floyd brought intense winds and heavy rain to Rhode Island. The strongest winds were confined to Washington and Providence counties. The winds brought down numerous trees, tree limbs and power lines. Rainfall typically ranged from , with a report of at North Smithfield, Rhode Island. The Pawtuxet River reached flood stage on September 16, and crested the next day. Although it surpassed its banks, no flood damage was reported. The storm's effects in the state were mostly minor. In Massachusetts, the storm produced wind gusts of , reaching at the New Bedford Hurricane Barrier. The strongest

28, President Obama issued a Pre-Landfall Emergency Declaration for Massachusetts. The American Red Cross opened shelters in Fall River, Weymouth, and Newbury and on Martha's Vineyard, and all schools closed as well. On the morning of October 29, three shelters opened on Cape Cod. The MBTA suspended commuter boat service on the morning of October 29, and suspended all public transportation services at 2 p.m. later in the day. On October 28, Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin declared a state of emergency to attain federal resources and the National Guard if required. The Southwestern Vermont Supervisory Union announced an early release

"Government of West Virginia"
two-year terms and are up for election in even-numbered years, elected from 67 districts that elect a varying number of members. The chief executive of West Virginia is the governor of West Virginia, who is elected to a four-year term at the same time as presidential elections. The governor is sworn in the January following the November election. A governor may only serve two consecutive terms. A governor may run for a third term, but an interceding election must occur. Democrat Jim Justice was elected governor in 2016, defeating Bill Cole in the general election. In addition to the governor,

"Secretary of State of West Virginia"
Below is a list of West Virginia's Secretaries of State since 1863: Secretary of State of West Virginia The Secretary of State of West Virginia is an elected office within the U.S. state of West Virginia state government. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing the state's election process, including voter registration and election results reporting. The current Secretary of State is Republican Mac Warner. The Office of Secretary of State is a publicly elected statewide position with elections held every four years. Elections are held in November and officers assume their duties the following January. There are no

of each house. The governor may also call legislators to convene in special sessions whenever the governor deems one or more issues of state government in need of timely action by the Legislature. The final day of the regular session usually includes last-minute legislation in order to meet a constitutionally-imposed deadline of midnight. Legislators usually do not make it a full-time occupation, but frequently hold a full-time job in their community of residence. This differs from neighboring states such as Pennsylvania and Ohio, who have professional full-time legislatures. The House of Delegates has 100 members. All delegates are elected to

state legislature, the West Virginia Legislature. The lower house is the West Virginia House of Delegates and the upper house is the Senate. The West Virginia Legislature is a citizen's legislature or part-time legislature. The West Virginia Constitution imposes a limit of 60 calendar days the length of the regular session. Regular sessions of the Legislature commence on the second Wednesday of January of each year; following the election of a new governor, the session starts in January with the governor's address but then adjourns until February. The session may be extended by concurrent resolution adopted by a two-thirds vote

Secretary of State of West Virginia The Secretary of State of West Virginia is an elected office within the U.S. state of West Virginia state government. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing the state's election process, including voter registration and election results reporting. The current Secretary of State is Republican Mac Warner. The Office of Secretary of State is a publicly elected statewide position with elections held every four years. Elections are held in November and officers assume their duties the following January. There are no term limits for the office. If the office of secretary of state

It consists of the House of Delegates and the Senate, both housed in the West Virginia State Capitol. It is a citizen's legislature, meaning that legislative office is not a full-time occupation, but rather a part-time position. Consequently, the legislators often hold a full-time job in their community of residence. Typically, the legislature is in session for 60 days between January and early April. The final day of the regular session ends in a bewildering fury of last-minute legislation to meet a constitutionally imposed midnight deadline. During the remainder of the year, monthly interim sessions are held in preparation for

"West Virginia Legislature"
years and delegates for terms of two years. These terms are staggered, meaning that not all 34 State Senate seats are up every election: some are elected presidential election years and some are up during midterm elections. Regular sessions of the Legislature commence on the second Wednesday of January of each year. However, following the election of a new governor, the session starts in January with the governor's address but then adjourns until February. On the first day of the session, members of both the House and the Senate sit in joint session in the House Chamber where the governor

the probate court, however. Other officers are the County Clerk, whose primary duties are as recorder of deeds and voter's registrar; and a Circuit Clerk, who records acts of the Family and Circuit courts, both elected for six year terms on a partisan basis; the ""sheriff"", who has law enforcement and tax collection authority; the Prosecuting Attorney, who must be a lawyer and who not only handles criminal cases buy also does the civil litigation for the county; an Assessor (the Constitution provides for a possibility of two, but no county has ever adopted that system), who determines the value

West Virginia Legislature The West Virginia Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of West Virginia. A bicameral legislative body, the Legislature is split between the upper Senate and the lower House of Delegates. It was established under Article VI of the West Virginia Constitution following the state's split from Virginia during the American Civil War in 1863. As with its neighbor and former constituent Virginia General Assembly, the legislature's lower house is also referred to as a ""House of Delegates."" The Legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Charleston. Senators are elected for terms of four

Panhandle, and in the suburbs near Charleston and Huntington. In West Virginia, the county is the unit of government, although an unsuccessful attempt to introduce the township system was made in West Virginia's first constitution. Each of the state's 55 counties have a ""county commission"", consisting of three commissioners elected for six years but with terms so arranged that one retires every two years, which is the legislative and fiscal authority. The county commissions were originally called ""county courts"" before legal reform stripped the commissions of their judicial powers in 1976. The county commission still retains the judicial function as

"Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis"
Real estate investor Will Keland was originally slated to buy the Colts from Rosenbloom. Keland could not generate the necessary funds to purchase the team, but his golfing buddy Robert Irsay, who originally was slated to own only 1 percent of the team, did possess the necessary funds and moved in to make the purchase. On July 13, 1972, Irsay became owner of the Colts. Under the terms of the arrangement, he bought the Los Angeles Rams for $19 million, then traded them to Rosenbloom for the Colts and $3 million in cash. In 1971, Baltimore mayor William Donald Schaefer

"History of the Indianapolis Colts"
for an NFL expansion franchise in 1993. This decision helped set in motion the relocation of the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore. On November 6, 1995, Browns owner Art Modell announced his intention to move Cleveland's team to Baltimore. The decision also triggered a flurry of legal activity. Finally, representatives of both cities and the NFL reached a settlement on February 9, 1996. It stipulated that the Browns’ name, colors, and history of the franchise were to remain in Cleveland. It kept the Browns legacy in Cleveland, and Modell took his players and organization to Baltimore, which would be officially regarded

"Indianapolis Colts"
Maryland General Assembly intervened when a bill was introduced to give the city of Baltimore the right to seize ownership of the team by eminent domain. As a result, Irsay began serious negotiations with Indianapolis Mayor William Hudnut in order to move the team before the Maryland legislature could pass the law. Indianapolis offered loans as well as the Hoosier Dome and a training complex. After the deal was reached, moving vans from Indianapolis-based Mayflower Transit were dispatched overnight to the team's Maryland training complex, arriving on the morning of March 29, 1984. Once in Maryland, workers loaded all of

"History of the Baltimore Colts"
National Football Conference's Dallas Cowboys 16–13 on a Jim O'Brien field goal with five seconds left to play. The victory gave the Colts their fourth NFL championship and first Super Bowl victory. Following the championship, the Colts returned to the playoffs in 1971, winning their opening playoff game against the Browns 20-3, but lost in the second AFC Championship Game in Miami 21-0. Citing friction with the City of Baltimore and the local press, Rosenbloom traded the Colts franchise to Robert Irsay on July 13, 1972 and received the Los Angeles Rams in return. Under the new ownership, the Colts

new NFL, along with the San Francisco 49ers and the Cleveland Browns. After posting a 1–11 record for the second consecutive year, the NFL franchise of just one season was dissolved by the League on January 18, 1951. But many Baltimore fans protested the loss of their team and continued to support the marching band (the second in professional football, after that of the Washington Redskins) and fan club, both of which remained in operation (""in exile"" status) and worked for the team's revival. After two seasons without professional football, NFL Commissioner Bert Bell, (1895-1959), challenged the City of Baltimore

under Mayor Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro Jr., (1903–1987), in December 1952 to sell 15,000 season tickets within six weeks in order to re-enter the NFL. That 15,000-ticket quota was reached in just four weeks and three days. On January 23, 1953, with the encouragement of the city's civic and business leadership, under the principal ownership of Carroll Rosenbloom, (1907-1979), the NFL sold Dallas Texans franchise to Baltimore where, keeping the ""Colts"" nickname, the Texans team colors of blue and white were inherited. This is the franchise that exists today in Indianapolis in the modern National Football League. In 1953, the

round, but lost to the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Championship. Citing friction with the City of Baltimore and the local press, Rosenbloom traded the Colts franchise to Robert Irsay on July 13, 1972 and received the Los Angeles Rams in return. Under the new ownership, the Colts did not reach the postseason for three consecutive seasons after 1971, and after the 1972 season, starting quarterback and legend Johnny Unitas was traded to the San Diego Chargers. Following Unitas' departure, the Colts made the playoffs three consecutive seasons from 1975 to 1977, losing in the divisional round each time. The

principal owner and man who moved the team to Indianapolis, Robert Irsay, died in January 1997 after years of declining health. Jim Irsay, Robert Irsay's son, entered the role of principal owner following his father's death and quickly began to change the organization. Irsay replaced general manager Tobin with Bill Polian in 1997 as the team decided to build through their number one overall pick in the 1998 draft. Jim Irsay began to shape the Colts one year after assuming control from his father by firing head coach Lindy Infante and hiring Bill Polian as the general manager of the

City's municipal government and with a large subscription-base of fan-purchased season tickets, led by local owner Carroll Rosenbloom won the rights to a new Baltimore NFL franchise. Rosenbloom was awarded the remains of the former Dallas Texans team, who themselves had a long and winding history starting as the Boston Yanks in 1944, merging later with the Brooklyn Tigers, and who were previously known as the Dayton Triangles, one of the original old NFL teams established even before the League itself, in 1913. With the organization in 1920 of the original ""American Professional Football Conference"" [APFC], (soon renamed the ""American

Then, in 1977, he said, ""I like Baltimore and want to stay there, but when are we going to find out something about our stadium? I'm getting offers from towns like Indianapolis to build me a new stadium and give me other inducements to move there. I don't want to but I'd like to see some action in Baltimore."" In 1979, Hoffberger sold the Orioles to Washington D.C. attorney Edward Bennett Williams, who declared 1980 to be a trial year for the fans of Baltimore. He then went on to explain his concerns with Memorial Stadium, saying it had ""inadequate

"Amy Manson"
Theatre in Scotland, for playing Stepdaughter in the National Theatre of Scotland production of ""Six Characters in Search of an Author"". Amy Manson Amy Manson (born 9 September 1985) is a Scottish actress, known for portraying Alice Guppy in ""Torchwood"", Abby Evans in ""Casualty"", Lizzie Siddal in ""Desperate Romantics"", Daisy Hannigan-Spiteri in ""Being Human"", Medea in ""Atlantis"", and Merida in the fifth season of the ABC fairy tale drama series ""Once Upon a Time"". Born and brought up in Aberdeenshire, Manson has a sister, Ailsa and a brother, James. She attended Stage Coach, a Saturday drama school, before leaving home

"Barbara Hershey"
Christie's ""Murder on the Orient Express"" for the British television series ""Poirot"" (starring David Suchet), which aired in the United States on Public Broadcast Service in July 2010. Also in 2010, Hershey co-starred in Darren Aronofsky's acclaimed psychological thriller ""Black Swan"" (2010) opposite Natalie Portman and Mila Kunis. The following year, she co-starred in the James Wan horror film ""Insidious"" (2011). From 2012 to 2013, she had a recurring role in the first two seasons of ABC's hit drama ""Once Upon a Time"" as Cora, the Queen of Hearts and mother of the Evil Queen. In 2014, she reprised the

Amy Manson Amy Manson (born 9 September 1985) is a Scottish actress, known for portraying Alice Guppy in ""Torchwood"", Abby Evans in ""Casualty"", Lizzie Siddal in ""Desperate Romantics"", Daisy Hannigan-Spiteri in ""Being Human"", Medea in ""Atlantis"", and Merida in the fifth season of the ABC fairy tale drama series ""Once Upon a Time"". Born and brought up in Aberdeenshire, Manson has a sister, Ailsa and a brother, James. She attended Stage Coach, a Saturday drama school, before leaving home for London at the age of seventeen. She trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama, leaving early to film

"Georgina Haig"
Georgina Haig Georgina Haig (born 3 August 1985) is an Australian film and television actress, known for her roles in the Australian children's television series ""The Elephant Princess"", as well as the American television series ""Fringe"", ""Limitless"". "" and ""Once Upon a Time"". Haig was born in Melbourne, and grew up on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria, Australia to Gillian Haig, a fine artist and Russell Hagg, an Australian script writer and film maker, whose credits include BMX Bandits, The Cup, Cash and Company and Blue Heelers. She has one younger sibling, actor/model Julian Haig. Throughout her childhood and into

"Elizabeth McGovern"
Elizabeth McGovern Elizabeth Lee McGovern (born July 18, 1961) is an American film, television, and theater actress, and musician. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role as Evelyn Nesbit in the 1981 film ""Ragtime"". She is also known for her performance as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham in the British drama series ""Downton Abbey"", for which she has been nominated for an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award. Her other films include ""Ordinary People"" (1980), ""Once Upon a Time in America"" (1984), ""The Handmaid's Tale"" (1990) and ""The Wings of the Dove"" (1997). McGovern was born in Evanston,

"Teri Reeves"
BFA program at UC Santa Barbara and the MFA program at UC San Diego. Reeves' most notable roles are KJ Jameson on ""Battleground"", Hallie Thomas on ""Chicago Fire"" and Dorothy Gale on ""Once Upon a Time"". Reeves holds a brown belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu under Professor Romulo Barral, which she practices almost daily. Reeves has a cavalier king charles spaniel named Willow. In 2005, she married Jonathan Reeves. The couple divorced in 2014. Films Television Shows Teri Reeves Teri Lynn Reeves (née Kretz) is an American theater and television actress. Her television credits include ""Chicago Fire"", ""Battleground"", and ""NCIS"".

"Sarah Bolger"
Sarah Bolger Sarah Bolger (born 28 February 1991) is an Irish actress. She has starred in the films ""In America"", ""Stormbreaker"", ""The Spiderwick Chronicles"" and ""Emilie"". She is also known for her role as Lady Mary Tudor in the TV series ""The Tudors"", for which she won an IFTA award, and for her appearances as Princess Aurora in ""Once Upon a Time"". Sarah Lee Bolger was born in Dublin to a Catholic family. Her father, Derek, is a butcher. Her mother, Monica, is a housewife. She has a younger sister, Emma, also an actress. Sarah attended The Young People's Theatre

Shari O'Donnell Shari O'Donnell (born 1 May 1985) is an Irish actress and film producer known for playing Anna, daughter of F. A. Mitchell-Hedges in ""The Lost World of the Crystal Skull"". She operates her own film production company Nantosuelta Entertainment. O'Donnell was producer in ""The Lost World of the Crystal Skull"", ""George Clooney's Irish Roots"" and ""The Cinema: A Brief History of World Cinema"". She played U.S. President Barack Obama's great-great-great-great grandmother Phoebe Donovan in ""Obama's Irish Roots""., Poppy in ""Along the Roadside"" and Angie in ""The American Failure"". O'Donnell was born in Rathfarnham, County Dublin, Ireland, the fifth

which president supported the creation of the environmental protection agency (epa)

"United States Environmental Protection Agency"
United States Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970 and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current acting Administrator following the resignation of Scott Pruitt is Deputy Administrator Andrew Wheeler. The EPA is not

"Environmental policy of the United States"
the National Environmental Policy Act, and the creation of such environmental advocacy groups as the Natural Resources Defense Council. On January 1, 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), beginning the 1970s as the environmental decade. NEPA created the Council on Environmental Quality which oversaw the environmental impact of federal actions. Later in the year, Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which consolidated environmental programs from other agencies into a single entity. The legislation during this period concerned primarily first-generation pollutants in the air, surface water, groundwater, and solid waste disposal. Air pollutants such as

The regulations can be challenged by the Courts, where the regulation is overruled or confirmed. Many public health and environmental groups advocate for the agency and believe that it is creating a better world. Other critics believe that the agency commits government overreach by adding unnecessary regulations on business and property owners. Beginning in the late 1950s and through the 1960s, Congress reacted to increasing public concern about the impact that human activity could have on the environment. Senator James E. Murray introduced a bill, the Resources and Conservation Act (RCA) of 1959, in the 86th Congress. The 1962 publication

Congress expressed a continuing concern over federal agency actions affecting the environment. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was modeled on the Resources and Conservation Act of 1959 (RCA). RCA would have established a Council on Environmental Quality in the office of the President, declared a national environmental policy, and required the preparation of an annual environmental report. President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January 1, 1970. The law created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President. NEPA required that a detailed statement of environmental impacts be prepared for all major

had to operate, and officially opened its doors on December 2, 1970. The agency's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, took the oath of office on December 4, 1970. In its first year, the EPA had a budget of $1.4 billion and 5,800 employees. At its start, the EPA was primarily a technical assistance agency that set goals and standards. Soon, new acts and amendments passed by Congress gave the agency its regulatory authority. EPA staff recall that in the early days there was ""an enormous sense of purpose and excitement"" and the expectation that ""there was this agency which was going

Environmental policy of the United States The environmental policy of the United States is a federal governmental action to regulate activities that have an environmental impact in the United States. The goal of environmental policy is to protect the environment for future generations while interfering as little as possible with the efficiency of commerce or the liberty of the people and to limit inequity in who is burdened with environmental costs. As his first official act bringing in the 1970s, President Richard Nixon signed the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) into law on New Years Day, 1970. Also in

of progress towards environmental justice. Administrator Christine Todd Whitman was criticized for her changes to President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 during 2001, removing the requirements for government agencies to take the poor and minority populations into special consideration when making changes to environmental legislation, and therefore defeating the spirit of the Executive Order. In a March 2004 report, the inspector general of the agency concluded that the EPA ""has not developed a clear vision or a comprehensive strategic plan, and has not established values, goals, expectations, and performance measurements"" for environmental justice in its daily operations. Another report in

federal actions significantly affecting the environment. The ""detailed statement"" would ultimately be referred to as an environmental impact statement (EIS). On July 9, 1970, Nixon proposed an executive reorganization that consolidated many environmental responsibilities of the federal government under one agency, a new Environmental Protection Agency. This proposal included merging antipollution programs from a number of departments, such as the combination of pesticide programs from the United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Interior, and U.S. Department of Interior. After conducting hearings during that summer, the House and Senate approved the proposal. The EPA was created 90 days before it

"Environmental policy"
of the agency. Five months earlier, in July 1970, President Nixon had signed Reorganization Plan No. 3 calling for the establishment of EPA in July 1970. At the time, Environmental Policy was a bipartisan issue and the efforts of the United States of America helped spark countries around the world to create environmental policies. During this period, legislation was passed to regulate pollutants that go into the air, water tables, and solid waste disposal. President Nixon signed the Clean Air Act in 1970 which set the USA as one of the world leaders in environmental conservation. In the European Union,

"Pollution in the United States"
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and with safeguarding the natural environment: air, water, and land. The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon and began operation on 2 December 1970, when it was passed by Congress, and signed into law by President Nixon, and has since been chiefly responsible for the environmental policy of the United States. Environmental Justice is defined as ""the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect

"Hunter Tylo"
Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo Anne and Morris Jabez Hunter. She is of Cherokee Native American descent on her mother's side. She has an older brother Jay, who passed away August 29, 2018, and a younger brother named Cliff. Tylo has been credited as Deborah Morehart; Morehart was the last name

born again Christian. She attributes her daughter Katya's recovery from cancer to constant prayer and credits her faith for helping her deal with the death of her son, Michael. Tylo has been listed twice on ""People"" magazine's list of ""50 Most Beautiful People In The World"". Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo

"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)"
Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful) Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on ""Melrose Place"", where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and

"Katherine Kelly Lang"
videos: Alabama's ""There's No Way"" (where she played the love interest of Alabama lead singer Randy Owen), and The Beach Boys' ""Getcha Back"" and its sequel ""It's Gettin' Late"". In 1987, she was offered the role of blue-collar Brooke Logan on the soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", and has been an integral part of the program ever since. Her love affair with Ridge Forrester (played by Ronn Moss) has been a key story arc for over 20 years, and a love triangle among Brooke, Ridge and Taylor (Hunter Tylo) stretched across an entire decade. The show's 5,000th episode

and directly partake in a few, too"". Previously, Tylo was dismissed from two other soaps, ""All My Children"" and ""Days of Our Lives"". The actress noted that her ""crazy sense of humor"" and ""funny business"" could have won her the role of Taylor, and she said: ""After the audition, they told me I was the only one right for the role. I think they liked my 'a woman's gotta do what a woman's gotta do' attitude."" Sherilyn Wolter temporarily replaced Tylo in 1990. Tylo vacated the role in May 1994 to pursue other projects, but the soap opera left the

"Jacqueline MacInnes Wood"
Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film ""Final Destination 5"" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob

"Maeve Quinlan"
Maeve Quinlan Maeve Anne Quinlan (born November 16, 1964 in Chicago) is an American actress and former professional tennis player. She is best known for starring as Megan Conley for 11 years in ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" and for the series ""South of Nowhere"". Raised in Northfield a North shore suburb, she attended New Trier high School in Winnetka and later Northwesten University and USC on tennis scholarships. Maeve played Wimbledon, the French open and was a world-class tennis player making many friendships on the court.She is the daughter of a medical doctor and a pharmacist. Quinlan entered the

Katherine Kelly Lang Katherine Kelly Lang (born Katherine Kelly Wegeman; July 25, 1961) is an American actress best known for playing Brooke Logan in the CBS soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". She was born in Hollywood, California and graduated from Beverly Hills High School. She is the daughter of Olympic ski jumper Keith R. Wegeman and actress Judith Lang and the granddaughter of Oscar-winning cinematographer Charles Lang. Lang was divorced twice. She is the mother of three children: Jeremy Skott Snider (born 1990), Julian Lang Snider (born 1992), Zoe Katrina D'Andrea (born 1997), and has a stepdaughter, Danyelle

"Kelly Kruger"
Kelly Kruger Kelly Kruger (born November 12, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Mackenzie Browning on ""The Young and the Restless"". She currently portrays the recurring role of Eva on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". She was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, and speaks French fluently. In 2010, Kruger began dating former ""Days of Our Lives"" actor Darin Brooks. In February 2014, they partnered with an organization called Aid Still Required. At 17, Kelly was discovered by Elite Models while visiting her family in Los Angeles. She worked with multiple teen magazines, Macy’s, Sebastian

"Jennifer Gareis"
Jennifer Gareis Jennifer Gareis (born August 1, 1970) is an American actress and former beauty queen. She is best known for her roles as Grace Turner on ""The Young and the Restless"" (1997–2004, 2014) and as Donna Logan on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" (2006–). Gareis was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and graduated from J. P. McCaskey High School in 1988. She graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting, then earned a Master's of Business Administration degree from Pepperdine University. She is of part Italian descent. Her great-grandmother Sebastiana Tringali came

"Axon reflex"
Axon reflex The axon reflex (or the flare response) is the response stimulated by peripheral nerves of the body that travels away from the nerve cell body and branches to stimulate target organs. Reflexes are single reactions that respond to a stimulus making up the building blocks of the overall signaling in the body's nervous system. Neurons are the excitable cells that process and transmit these reflex signals through their axons, dendrites, and cell bodies. Axons directly facilitate intercellular communication projecting from the neuronal cell body to other neurons, local muscle tissue, glands and arterioles. In the axon reflex, signaling

"Myofascial trigger point"
not agree on what constitutes a trigger point, but the assessment typically considers symptoms, pain patterns and manual palpation. Usually there is a taut band in muscles containing trigger points, and a hard nodule can be felt. Often a twitch response can be felt in the muscle by running your finger perpendicular to the muscle's direction; this twitch response often activates the ""all or nothing"" response in a muscle that causes it to contract. Pressing on an affected muscle can often refer pain. Clusters of trigger points are not uncommon in some of the larger muscles, such as the gluteus

work as well. The term ""trigger point"" was coined in 1942 by Dr. Janet Travell to describe a clinical finding with the following characteristics: Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points) radiculopathy, infections and health issues such as smoking. Trigger points form only in muscles. They form as a local contraction in a

"Trigger (firearms)"
M2 Browning machine gun use the thumb, and others like the Springfield Armory M6 Scout use a ""squeeze-bar trigger"". Firearms use triggers to initiate the firing of a cartridge in the firing chamber of the weapon. This is accomplished by actuating a striking device through a combination of spring and kinetic energy operating through a firing pin to strike and ignite the primer. There are two primary types of striking mechanisms, hammers and strikers. Hammers are spring-tensioned masses of metal that pivot on a pin when released and strike a firing pin to discharge a cartridge. Strikers are, essentially, spring-loaded

Trigger (firearms) A trigger is a mechanism that actuates the firing sequence of a firearm, airgun, crossbow or speargun. A trigger may also start other non-shooting mechanisms such as a trap, a switch or a quick release. A small amount of energy applied to the trigger causes the release of much more energy. In ""double action"" firearm designs, the trigger is also used to cock the firearm — and there are many designs where the trigger is used for a range of other functions. Although triggers usually consist of a lever actuated by the index finger, some such as the

Jatimatic, CZ Model 25, PM-63, BXP, F1 submachine gun, Vigneron submachine gun, and Wimmersperg Spz-kr. and Steyr AUG. Trigger (firearms) A trigger is a mechanism that actuates the firing sequence of a firearm, airgun, crossbow or speargun. A trigger may also start other non-shooting mechanisms such as a trap, a switch or a quick release. A small amount of energy applied to the trigger causes the release of much more energy. In ""double action"" firearm designs, the trigger is also used to cock the firearm — and there are many designs where the trigger is used for a range of

"Trigger zone"
Trigger zone In neuroscience and neurology, a trigger zone is an area of the body, or of a cell, in which a specific type of stimulation triggers a specific type of response. The term was first used in this context around 1914 by Hugh T. Patrick, who was writing about trigeminal neuralgia, a condition in which pain fibers in the trigeminal nerve become hypersensitive. In people with trigeminal neuralgia, even a light touch to some part of the body—often a tooth or a part of the face—can give rise to an extended period of excruciating pain. Patrick referred to the

"Chemoreceptor trigger zone"
the initiation of an action potential, which is caused by the chemoreceptor causing a change in electric potential in the neuron it is embedded in, which then subsequently causes an action potential. This happens constantly, so the chemoreceptors in the CTZ are continually sending information about how much emetic agents are in the blood, even when emesis is not signaled for. The NTS is organized into subnuclei that direct many different functions relating to swallowing, gastric sensation, laryngeal and pharyngeal sensation, baroreceptor function, and respiration. The NTS directs signals about these functions to a central pattern generator (CPG). This CPG

"Contact shot"
Contact shot A contact shot is defined as a gunshot wound incurred while the muzzle of the firearm is in direct contact with the body at the moment of discharge. Contact shots are often the result of close range gunfight, suicide, or execution. Some slaughterhouses use contact shots with firearms to stun or kill livestock. Wounds caused by contact shots are very devastating, as the body absorbs the entire discharge of the cartridge, not just the projectile. Even a blank cartridge can cause lethal wounds if fired in contact with the body, so powerheads (bang sticks), which are intended to

"That Ain't No Way to Go"
That Ain't No Way to Go ""That Ain't No Way To Go"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album ""Hard Workin' Man"". The song reached the top of the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was written by Kix Brooks, Ronnie Dunn and Don Cook. The music video was directed by Piers Plowden and premiered in April 1994. The song debuted at number 55 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated

"Ain't No Way"
the show. In 2011, Joe Bonamassa and Beth Hart covered the song in their collaborative album, ""Don't Explain"". In 2013, singer Sasha Allen performed the song in ""The Voice"". In December 2017, singer Demi Lovato covered the song for ""Spotify Singles"". In 2017, British Hip-Hip group Corners sampled the song in their track of the same name on their debut album, “Corners”. Ain't No Way ""Ain't No Way"" is a song written by singer-songwriter Carolyn Franklin and sung by her elder sister Aretha Franklin as the B-side to her 1968 hit, ""(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone"". This song

April 9, 1994. It charted for 20 weeks on that chart, and reached Number One on the chart dated June 11, 1994, holding the top spot for one week, and becoming the duo's sixth Number One single. That Ain't No Way to Go ""That Ain't No Way To Go"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album ""Hard Workin' Man"". The song reached the top of the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was

Ain't No Way ""Ain't No Way"" is a song written by singer-songwriter Carolyn Franklin and sung by her elder sister Aretha Franklin as the B-side to her 1968 hit, ""(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone"". This song should not be confused with a different song of the same title, recorded by Aretha Franklin on her 2003 CD ""So Damn Happy"": ""Ain't No Way"" by Barry J. Eastmond and Gordon Chambers. Written by Carolyn Franklin, her sister Aretha recorded the song and released it on her acclaimed ""Lady Soul"" album. Released as the B-side of her top-five hit single, ""(Sweet

"Ain't Got Far to Go"
Ain't Got Far to Go ""Ain't Got Far to Go"" is a song by English singer and songwriter Jess Glynne. It was written by Glynne along with Janée ""Jin Jin"" Bennett, Knox Brown, and Finlay ""Starsmith"" Dow-Smith for her debut studio album, ""I Cry When I Laugh"" (2015), while production was helmed by Brown and Dow-Smith. The song was released as the album's sixth single on 26 February 2016. Prior to the single's release, the song charted at number 46 on the Scottish Singles Chart and number 67 on the UK Singles Chart. After the single's release, it peaked at

"There's No Way"
There's No Way ""There's No Way"" is a song written by John Jarrard, Lisa Palas and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music band Alabama. It was released in January 1985 as the first single from the band's album ""40-Hour Week"". The song is a love ballad, and an example of the pop-styled aspect of Alabama's core musical style. The music video was directed by David Hogan and premiered in early 1985. When ""There's No Way"" reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard magazine"" Hot Country Singles chart in May 1985, it became Alabama's 16th straight No. 1 single in

as many single releases (excepting for the 1982 Christmas single ""Christmas in Dixie""). The feat allowed Alabama to tie Sonny James' 14-year-old record for most No. 1 songs in as many consecutive single releases. There's No Way ""There's No Way"" is a song written by John Jarrard, Lisa Palas and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music band Alabama. It was released in January 1985 as the first single from the band's album ""40-Hour Week"". The song is a love ballad, and an example of the pop-styled aspect of Alabama's core musical style. The music video was directed by

"There's No Other Way"
There's No Other Way ""There's No Other Way"" is a song by English band Blur, released on April 15, 1991 as the second single from their debut album ""Leisure"". The song utilizes a beat and tambourine sound typical of songs of the Madchester and baggy scene. The video for the song (released 1991) was directed by David Balfe, the former keyboardist for The Teardrop Explodes and owner of Blur's label Food Records. The video begins with a close-up shot of a worm inching through the grass. A pink ball is dropped next to the worm and a young girl picks

I Laugh"". Ain't Got Far to Go ""Ain't Got Far to Go"" is a song by English singer and songwriter Jess Glynne. It was written by Glynne along with Janée ""Jin Jin"" Bennett, Knox Brown, and Finlay ""Starsmith"" Dow-Smith for her debut studio album, ""I Cry When I Laugh"" (2015), while production was helmed by Brown and Dow-Smith. The song was released as the album's sixth single on 26 February 2016. Prior to the single's release, the song charted at number 46 on the Scottish Singles Chart and number 67 on the UK Singles Chart. After the single's release, it

"You Ain't Goin' Nowhere"
You Ain't Goin' Nowhere ""You Ain't Goin' Nowhere"" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1967 in Woodstock, New York, during the self-imposed exile from public appearances that followed his July 29, 1966 motorcycle accident. A recording of Dylan performing the song in September 1971 was released on the ""Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II"" album in November of that year, marking the first official release of the song by its author. An earlier 1967 recording of the song, performed by Dylan and the Band, was issued in 1975 on the album ""The Basement Tapes"". The Byrds also recorded

The first tree was erected in 1934, and as successive trees received more lavish decorations, the tradition gradually became known worldwide. Much of the plaza's outdoor section is occupied by an ice rink. Installed in 1936, it replaced unprofitable retail space that had been constructed as part of the original center. Originally intended as a ""temporary"" measure, the rink became an immediate tourist attraction upon opening, becoming one of the world's most famous skating rinks in later years. In 1939, a permanent rink was installed, which necessitated the replacement of the center staircase from Channel Gardens. Its popularity inspired the

which tops the tree was created in 2018 and designed by the renowned architect Daniel Liebeskind. The new luminous stellar body features 70 spikes and three million crystals with LED lighting spots. In total it weighs 900 pounds (408 kg). The first Christmas tree at Rockefeller Center was erected in 1931, during the Depression-era construction of Rockefeller Center, when workers decorated a smaller balsam fir with ""strings of cranberries, garlands of paper, and even a few tin cans"" on Christmas Eve. With the lighting of the first official tree two years later, the tree became what Rockefeller Center dubbed ""a

a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is noted for the large quantities of art present in almost all of its Art Deco buildings, as well as its Radio City section and its ice-skating rink. The complex is also famous for its annual lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree. The first private owner of the site was physician David Hosack, who purchased twenty acres of rural land from New York City in 1801 for $5,000 and opened the country's first botanical garden, the Elgin Botanic Garden, on the site. The gardens operated until 1811, and by 1823, ended up

"Bill Nye Saves the World"
correspondents assist in the presentation of the show. These include fashion model Karlie Kloss, science YouTuber and educator Derek Muller, comedian Nazeem Hussain, comedian and writer Joanna Hausmann, and the TV host and producer Emily Calandrelli. The thirteen-episode season premiered on April 21, 2017. The show's theme song was produced by Tyler, the Creator. On June 15, 2017, Nye announced on his Facebook page that the series had been renewed for a six-episodes second season, which premiered on December 29, 2017. On April 9, 2018, Netflix announced the show had been renewed for a six-episode third season, released on May

"Planet Earth II"
channel Canvas, narrated in Dutch by , with episodes airing each Wednesday from 7 December 2016. In the Netherlands the series is airing on the Dutch channel NPO 1, narrated by Peter Drost, with episodes airing each Sunday from 1 January 2017. In Japan, the series aired on NHK – with four special episodes aired on 23 December 2016 and concluded on 19 February 2017 respectively, while all the six original episodes were broadcast from 29 March 2017 until 6 May 2017. In Australia, the series premiered on 15 February 2017 on the Nine Network. As for New Zealand, it

11, 2018. </onlyinclude> ""Bill Nye Saves the World"" received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and audiences. The first season has an aggregate rating of 63/100 based on 5 reviews from Metacritic and a Rotten Tomatoes score of 73% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. The performance segments of the show have been the focus of criticism. In particular, Rachel Bloom's performance in episode 9 has been described as ""strange"", ""out of place"", and a ""painful couple of minutes"". Conversely, NPR's ""Fresh Air"" said the show is ""fun to watch,"" working well with Nye's ""consistent reliance on scientific

"Blue Planet II"
to premiere on each early Monday (from 04:05 SGT to 05:05 SGT) starting from 30 October 2017, the episode was then repeated on following each Tuesday evening (from 20:00 SGT). In Poland, it premiered on 16 November 2017. As for South Africa, it aired from 4 February 2018. In China, the premiere took place at Shanghai's East China Normal University on 27 October 2017, with guest appearance by the producer Orla Doherty and Mike Gunton, the executive producer of Planet Earth II. The series is streaming broadcast at Tencent's QQLive from 30 October 2017, with episodes updating every Monday at

aired from 9 July 2017 at Prime channel. The series debuted in Canada and the United States on 18 February 2017, with the Canadian broadcast on the local BBC Earth channel (which recently launched), In the United States, the series premiered with a three-network simulcast across BBC America, AMC, and SundanceTV (owned by AMC Networks, who manages BBC America on behalf of BBC Worldwide). In Israel, the series premiered on 20 May 2017 on the new public broadcasting network KAN 11. In the Philippines, the series premiered on 17 June 2018 on GMA Network through its version ""Amazing Earth"" for

18:00 CST. It would also be broadcast on the state owned China Central Television’s documentary channel, CCTV-9, with episodes airing each Monday from 6 November 2017 at 21:00 CST. In the Netherlands, the series is airing on the Dutch channel NPO 1, with episodes airing each Thursday from 28 December 2017. In Belgium, it will air on the Flemish channel Canvas, with episodes airing each Saturday starting from 2 January 2018. The series is airing in Canada and the United States on 20 January 2018. In Canada, it will broadcast with a three-network simulcast across BBC Earth, Cottage Life and

Kevin (Probably) Saves the World Kevin (Probably) Saves the World (stylized as Kevin ^ Saves the World) is an American high-concept angelic-themed fantasy comedy-drama television series that was created and executive produced by Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters for ABC Studios. The series was greenlit on May 11, 2017, and aired on ABC as a Tuesday night entry during the 2017–18 television season. The series premiered on October 3, 2017. The show was set in Taylor, Texas. On May 11, 2018, ABC canceled the show after one season. Kevin, a down-on-his-luck man who survived a suicide attempt, moves in with

T+E channel. In the United States, the series will premier the first episode – with a five-network simulcast across BBC America, AMC, IFC, WE tv and Sundance TV, while the remaining episodes will continue to be air every Saturday on BBC America. It is also available on BBCAmerica.com and the BBCA app. As for Australia, the series will premiere on Nine Network and 9Now on 17 February 2018. In New Zealand, it premiered on 12 November 2017 on TVNZ 1. For Singapore, the series premiered on MediaCorp Channel 5 on Sundays starting 27 May 2018. The programme has been credited

which includes Canada (Blue Ant Media’s licensed channel for BBC Earth), Australia (Channel Nine) and New Zealand (TVNZ), to Europe with Denmark (DR), Netherlands (NPO), Sweden (SVT), Spain (Telefonica’s BBC Earth block), Discovery Channel for Latin America and co-production partnerships with BBC America, Germany’s WDR, France Télévisions, China's Tencent and CCTV-9. The series was eventually sold to more than 30 countries. The series is set to broadcast internationally on BBC Earth channel, and also commercial television channels in various countries, besides. The series debuted in Nordic regions and other European countries on 29 October 2017. In Asia, the series began

"Black Lightning (season 2)"
be an engaging character-led series."" Kyle Fowle of ""The A.V. Club"" gave the premiere an ""A-"" grade, noting, ""One of the reasons the first season was so compelling was that the show made the political personal. That’s once again evident here, as there’s a wonderful sense of the larger community throughout the premiere."" Black Lightning (season 2) The second season of the American television series ""Black Lightning"", which is based on the DC Comics character Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and will consist of 16 episodes. The season continues to follow Jefferson,

"Holiday Road"
Holiday Road ""Holiday Road"" is a 1983 single written, composed, and recorded by former Fleetwood Mac guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. The song was written for the 1983 film ""National Lampoon's Vacation."" The song was also used in the sequels ""National Lampoon's European Vacation,"" ""Vegas Vacation,"" and ""Vacation."" While the song peaked at only No. 82 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, it has since become one of Buckingham's best known songs. Buckingham released a live version of the song on his 2008 album ""Live at the Bass Performance Hall."" In July of 2015, a remastered edition of ""Holiday Road"" was re-released,

the comedy podcast Dynamic Banter, hosted by Mike Falzone and Steve Zaragoza. The parody was made by and features the voice of their friend Owen Carter. Holiday Road ""Holiday Road"" is a 1983 single written, composed, and recorded by former Fleetwood Mac guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. The song was written for the 1983 film ""National Lampoon's Vacation."" The song was also used in the sequels ""National Lampoon's European Vacation,"" ""Vegas Vacation,"" and ""Vacation."" While the song peaked at only No. 82 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, it has since become one of Buckingham's best known songs. Buckingham released a live

"The Ballad of Thunder Road"
The Ballad of Thunder Road ""The Ballad of Thunder Road"" is a song performed and co-written by actor Robert Mitchum in 1957, with music by composer Jack Marshall. It was the theme song of the movie ""Thunder Road"". The song made the Billboard Hot 100 twice, in 1958 and 1962, and while it never peaked higher than #62, it racked up 21 total weeks in the chart. The song moves ominously between minor and major keys. It tells the tale of ""Lucas Doolin"" (Robert Mitchum), a bootlegger during the 1950s who would deliver moonshine along local roads at excessive speeds

song of the 2013 Chicago Blackhawks, who went on to win the Stanley Cup on June 24, the 30th anniversary of the song's release. In 2014, the song was used as the music on television advertising for Teletext Holidays, a British travel agency. The song appears under the closing credits of , a 2015 American documentary film directed by Douglas Tirola about the magazine and its related franchises and influence. A version of the song with rewritten lyrics was used in Honda television commercials in 2017. A parody of the song, ‘History Road’, is used as a segment intro on

"Holiday (Dizzee Rascal song)"
Holiday (Dizzee Rascal song) ""Holiday"" is a song by English rapper Dizzee Rascal, released as the third single from his fourth studio album, ""Tongue n' Cheek"". It was produced by Calvin Harris, with chorus vocals by R&B singer Chrome. Harris originally wrote the song for girl group, The Saturdays, but it was rejected. The song was released digitally on 23 August 2009, with a physical copy that followed on 31 August 2009. The single debuted in the UK at number-one upon initial release, bringing Dizzee's total of number-one singles to three (four including charity singles), as well as marking the

both on the ""Vacation"" soundtrack album and as a digital download along with ""Dancin' Across the USA"" from the original ""National Lampoon's Vacation"" soundtrack. The song has been covered by pop punk bands Limp, the Dahlmans, the Aquabats, Whippersnapper, Die Coverlire, Marble, Matt Pond PA, and Dirt Bike Annie. The indie rock band the Walkmen performed a version of the song in November 2010 for ""The A.V. Club"" Holiday Undercover series. In 2015, country group the Zac Brown Band covered the song for the soundtrack to the sequel ""Vacation"". In 2013, ""Holiday Road"" was adopted as the unofficial playoff victory

"Country Road (song)"
Country Road (song) ""Country Road"" is a song written and performed by James Taylor. It appears on his 1970 second album, ""Sweet Baby James"". The song references Somerset Street in Belmont, Massachusetts, a wooded road running adjacent to the land owned by McLean Hospital, where Taylor had committed himself in 1965 to receive treatment for depression. ""Country Road"" reached number 37 on the Billboard pop singles chart and number 9 Easy Listening in early 1971. On the Canadian charts, the song was a bigger hit on both the Pop (#19) and Adult Contemporary (#3) charts. ""Country Road"" is also featured

"Take Me Home, Country Roads"
Take Me Home, Country Roads ""Take Me Home, Country Roads"", also known as ""Take Me Home"" or ""Country Roads"", is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver about the state of West Virginia. It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971, peaking at number 2 on ""Billboard""s US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its initial release and was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. The song became one of John Denver's

"Gene Austin"
Gene Austin Gene Austin (June 24, 1900 – January 24, 1972) was an American singer and songwriter, one of the first ""crooners"". His 1920s compositions ""When My Sugar Walks Down the Street"" and ""The Lonesome Road"" became pop and jazz standards. Austin was born as Lemeul Eugene Lucas in Gainesville, Texas (north of Dallas), to Nova Lucas (died 1943) and the former Serena Belle Harrell (died 1956). He took the name ""Gene Austin"" from his stepfather, Jim Austin, a blacksmith. Austin grew up in Minden, the seat of Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana, located east of Shreveport. In Minden, he

"Bantu Education Act, 1953"
Bantu Education Act, 1953 The Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Act No. 47 of 1953; later renamed the Black Education Act, 1953) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities. Even universities were made ""tribal"", and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would help support their schools. Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans. In

"Department of Bantu Education"
Department of Bantu Education The Department of Bantu Education was an organ created by the National Party government of South Africa in 1953. The Bantu Education Act, 1953 provided the legislative framework for this department. Before the passage of the Bantu Education Act, apartheid in education tended to be implemented in a haphazard and uneven manner. The purpose of the act was to consolidate Bantu education, i.e. education of black people, so that discriminatory educational practices could be uniformly implemented across South Africa. Previously, black education was administered by provincial governments. With the creation of the department, the central national

group. The national authorities of the time is often said to have viewed education as having a rather pivotal position in their goal of eventually separating South Africa from the Bantustans entirely. The Minister of Native Affairs at the time, the ""Architect of Apartheid"" Hendrik Verwoerd, stated that: ""There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice?"" The introduction of Bantu Education led to a substantial increase of government funding to the

continues to be hampered by the legacy of the department and other institutions. Department of Bantu Education The Department of Bantu Education was an organ created by the National Party government of South Africa in 1953. The Bantu Education Act, 1953 provided the legislative framework for this department. Before the passage of the Bantu Education Act, apartheid in education tended to be implemented in a haphazard and uneven manner. The purpose of the act was to consolidate Bantu education, i.e. education of black people, so that discriminatory educational practices could be uniformly implemented across South Africa. Previously, black education was

learning institutions of black Africans, but it did not keep up with population increase. The law forced institutions under the direct control of the state and solve white man problems. The National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as they saw fit. Black teachers' salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers. Only one third of the black teachers were qualified. The schools reserved for the country's white children were of Western standards. 30% of the black schools did not have electricity, 25% no running water and less than

"English Education Act 1835"
English Education Act 1835 The English Education Act 1835 was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by Lord William Bentinck,then Governor-General of British India, to reallocate funds the East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India. Formerly, they had supported traditional Muslim and Hindu education and the publication of literature in the native learned tongues (Sanskrit and Persian); henceforward they were to support establishments teaching a Western curriculum with English as the language of instruction. Together with other measures promoting

half had plumbing. The education for Blacks, Indians and Coloureds was substantially cheaper but not free. In the 70s, the per capita governmental spending on black education was one-tenth of the spending on white. In 1976, the ""Afrikaans Medium Decree"" of 1974, which forced all black schools to use both Afrikaans and English as languages of instruction beginning with the last year of primary school, led to the Soweto Uprising in which more than 575 people died, at least 134 of them under the age of eighteen. The act was repealed in 1979 by the Education and Training Act, 1979,

which continued the system of racially segregated education, while also eliminating both discrimination in tuition fees and the segregated Department of Bantu Education and allowing the both use of native tongue education up to the fourth grade and limited attendance at private schools as well. Segregation became unconstitutional after the introduction of the Interim Constitution in 1994, and most sections of the Education and Training Act were repealed by the South African Schools Act, 1996. http://nmmu.ac.za/documents/mward/Bantu%20Education%20Act%201953.pdf Bantu Education Act, 1953 The Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Act No. 47 of 1953; later renamed the Black Education Act, 1953) was a South

the British territories."" This had gone to support traditional forms (and content) of education, which (like their contemporary equivalents in England) were firmly non-utilitarian. By the early 1820s some administrators within the East India Company were questioning if this was a sensible use of the money. James Mill noted that the declared purpose of the Madrassa (Mohammedan College) and the Hindu College in Calcutta set up by the company had been ""to make a favourable impression, by our encouragement of their literature, upon the minds of the natives"" but took the view that the aim of the company should have

1959, this type of education was extended to ""non white"" universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act, and the internationally prestigious University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system. It is often argued that the policy of Bantu (African) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market, although Kiyaam Govind, at the time Minister of Native Affairs, claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa's ""ethnic problems"" by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic

"Gorakhpur Junction railway station"
Gorakhpur Junction railway station The Gorakhpur Railway Station is located in the city of Gorakhpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.It is the world's longest railway platform. It serves as the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. The station offers Class A-1 railway station facilities. On 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur became the world's longest railway platform, after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around 1.35 kilometres (0.84 mi). The city of Gorakhpur serves 10 local railway stations known as Gorakhpur Junction, Gorakhpur cantt, Domingarh, Sahjanwa, Sihapar, Maniram, Nakaha jungle, Kushmi, Jagatbela, and Unaula. The metre-gauge

"Kurla railway station"
Kurla railway station Kurla is a railway station on the Central and Harbour lines of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is among the oldest railway stations in India, it being part of the original 21 mile (33.8 km) Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) section between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tannah (Thane) that opened in 1853. Local trains terminating at Kurla began operating by 1879, a suburban terminus was built in 1913 and the line was quadrupled in 1915. A single line between Kurla and Chembur that had been laid for garbage clearance in 1906 was opened for suburban traffic in

"Railway platform"
Railway platform A railway platform is an area alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms. The world's longest station platform is at Gorakhpur Junction in India at 1,355.40 metres. The Appalachian Trail station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench. Among some United States train conductors the word ""platform"" has entered usage as a verb meaning ""to berth at a station"", as in the announcement: ""The last two cars of this

is operated by Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR). The table below shows the top operators which operates the long distance train services (more than 2000 km) of Indian Railways. It is arranged in the order of most number of services. Most of the long distance trains are operated by (22 nos) followed by (14 nos) divisions. But the longest running train, Vivek express is operated by division. The table below shows the top operators which operates the long distance train services (more than 2000 km) of Indian Railways. It is arranged in the order of most number of services. Longest train

outer loop station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. In the UK, recent rules require new platforms to be straight. The longest railway platforms are: Railway platform A railway platform is an area alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms. The world's longest station platform is at Gorakhpur Junction in India at 1,355.40 metres. The Appalachian Trail station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench. Among some United States train conductors

"Mumbai–Chennai line"
Mumbai–Chennai line The Mumbai–Chennai line is a railway line connecting Chennai and Mumbai cutting across southern part of the Deccan Plateau. It covers a distance of across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The long trunk line, amongst the long and busy trunk lines connecting the metros, has been treated in more detail in smaller sections: The first train in India from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai to Thane ran on 16 April 1853 on a track laid by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. The GIPR line was extended to Kalyan in 1854 and then on the south-east

"Darjeeling Himalayan Railway"
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the DHR or Toy Train, is a narrow-gauge railway based on zig zag and loop-line technology which runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal. Built between 1879 and 1881, with six zig-zags and five loops, the railway is about long. Its elevation varies from about at New Jalpaiguri to about at Darjeeling. Although four diesel locomotives handle most scheduled service, the daily tourist trains (from Darjeeling to Ghum—India's highest railway station—and the ""Red Panda"", from Darjeeling to Kurseong) and steam-enthusiast specials are hauled by

as Raoul. The production, still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrated its 10,000th performance on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, in attendance. It is the second longest-running musical in West End (and world) history behind ""Les Misérables"", and third overall behind ""The Mousetrap"". A 25th-anniversary stage performance was held in London on 1 and 2 October 2011 at the Royal Albert Hall and was screened live in cinemas worldwide. The production was produced by Cameron Mackintosh, directed by Laurence Connor, musical staging & choreography by Gillian Lynne, set design by Matt Kinley, costume design

New Zealand, Panama, Poland, Romania, and the 25th Anniversary UK and US Tours, these productions have all been ""clones"", using the original staging, direction, sets, and costume concepts. Notable international productions include the following: A film version, directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, Patrick Wilson as Raoul, Minnie Driver as Carlotta, and Miranda Richardson as Madame Giry, opened on 22 December 2004 in the US. An edited production renamed ""Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular"" opened 24 June 2006 at The Venetian in Las Vegas, Nevada, in a theatre built specifically for

"The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)"
trained soprano, in 2004. However, Hathaway dropped out of the role because the production schedule of the film overlapped with """", which she was contractually obligated to make. Hathaway was then replaced with Emmy Rossum. The actress modeled the relationship between the Phantom and Christine after Suzanne Farrell and George Balanchine. Patrick Wilson was cast as Raoul based on his previous Broadway theatre career. For the role of Carlotta, Minnie Driver devised an over-the-top, camp performance as the egotistical prima donna. Despite also lacking singing experience, Ciarán Hinds was cast by Schumacher as Richard Firmin; the two had previously worked

and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (in the title role) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical. It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin, and celebrated its 10,000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012, the first production ever to do so. It is the second longest-running West End musical, after ""Les Misérables"", and the third longest-running West End show overall, after ""The Mousetrap"". With total estimated worldwide gross receipts of over $5.6 billion and total Broadway gross of $845 million, ""Phantom"" was the most

2012, a new production directed by Laurence Connor began a UK and Ireland tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show, beginning at the Theatre Royal Plymouth and travelled to Manchester, Bristol, Dublin, Leeds, Edinburgh, Milton Keynes, Cardiff, and Southampton. John Owen-Jones and Earl Carpenter alternated as the Phantom with Katie Hall and Olivia Brereton as Christine and Simon Bailey as Raoul. ""Phantom"" began Broadway previews at the Majestic Theatre on 9 January 1988 and opened on 26 January. Crawford, Brightman, and Barton reprised their respective roles from the West End. The production continues to play at the Majestic,

throughout the performance, obscuring the actor's vision and muffling his voice. Björnson designed the now-iconic half-mask to replace it, and the unmasking sequence was added. Clips of this preview performance were included on the DVD of the 2004 film production. ""Phantom"" began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton

in him"", Andrew Lloyd Webber explained. ""He's got to be a bit rough, a bit dangerous; not a conventional singer. Christine is attracted to the Phantom because he's the right side of danger."" Director Joel Schumacher had been impressed with Gerard Butler's performance in ""Dracula 2000"". Prior to his audition, Butler had no professional singing experience and had only taken four voice lessons before singing ""The Music of the Night"" for Lloyd Webber. Katie Holmes, who began working with a vocal coach, was the front-runner for Christine Daaé in March 2003. She was later replaced by Anne Hathaway, a classically

together on ""Veronica Guerin"". Ramin Karimloo also briefly appears as the portrait of Gustave Daaé, Christine's father. Karimloo later played the Phantom as well as the role of Raoul on London's West End. Principal photography lasted from 15 September 2003 to 15 January 2004. The film was shot entirely using eight sound stages at Pinewood Studios, where, on the Pinewood backlot, the bottom half exterior of the Palais Garnier was constructed. The top half was implemented using a combination of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and a scale model created by Cinesite. The surrounding Paris skyline for ""All I Ask of You""

by Maria Björnson, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, and sound design by Mick Potter. The cast included Ramin Karimloo as the Phantom, Sierra Boggess as Christine, Hadley Fraser as Raoul, Wynne Evans as Piangi, Wendy Ferguson as Carlotta, Barry James as Monsieur Firmin, Gareth Snook as Monsieur Andre, Liz Robertson as Madame Giry, and Daisy Maywood as Meg Giry. Lloyd Webber and several original cast members, including Crawford and Brightman, were in attendance. A DVD and Blu-ray of the performance was released in February 2012, and it began airing in March 2012 on PBS's ""Great Performances"" television series. In March

"8 (2018 film)"
eight stages of life, the makers also cost comedians including Soori, Robo Shankar and Devadarshini in key roles. By March 2018, 60% of the shoot was revealed to be completed following two schedules in Chennai, Pattukottai and Kerala. 8 (2018 film) 8 is an upcoming Indian Tamil film written and directed by Sri Senthil. The film features Bharath and Pooja Jhaveri in the lead roles, while Soori and Nagineedu portray other pivotal roles. The film began production during early 2018. Vijay Kaviraj, a former associate director of S. A. Chandrasekhar, made his directorial debut with the film and convinced musician

8 (2018 film) 8 is an upcoming Indian Tamil film written and directed by Sri Senthil. The film features Bharath and Pooja Jhaveri in the lead roles, while Soori and Nagineedu portray other pivotal roles. The film began production during early 2018. Vijay Kaviraj, a former associate director of S. A. Chandrasekhar, made his directorial debut with the film and convinced musician John Peter to co-produce the venture, after initially planning to just approach him for the soundtrack. Bharath was selected to play the lead role, while Pooja Jhaveri was signed as the heroine. Said to be based on the

"The Fate of the Furious"
starring Johnson and Statham's characters is scheduled for release in August 2019. The Fate of the Furious The Fate of the Furious (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 8 and Fast 8, and often stylized as F8) is a 2017 American action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Chris Morgan. It is the eighth installment in ""The Fast and the Furious"" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris ""Ludacris"" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell and Charlize Theron. ""The Fate of the Furious"" follows Dominic Toretto

The Fate of the Furious The Fate of the Furious (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 8 and Fast 8, and often stylized as F8) is a 2017 American action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Chris Morgan. It is the eighth installment in ""The Fast and the Furious"" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris ""Ludacris"" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell and Charlize Theron. ""The Fate of the Furious"" follows Dominic Toretto (Diesel), who has settled down with his wife Letty Ortiz (Rodriguez), until

"8 Thottakkal"
8 Thottakkal 8 Thottakkal () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller drama film written and directed by Sri Ganesh. Produced by Vellapandian, the film stars his son Vetri in the lead role, alongside an ensemble cast including Aparna Balamurali, Nassar and M. S. Bhaskar. Principal photography of the film commenced in August 2016 at Chennai and was completed in November 2016. The film released on 7 April 2017. This movie which was loosely inspired by the 1949 Japanese movie ""Stray Dog"" was remade in Kannada in 2018 as ""8MM Bullet"". The film starts with an orphaned boy, Sathya, getting

it has to be as good as or better [than ""Furious 7""]"". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where ""Furious 7"" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title ""Fast 8"". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On

"Eight: The Power of Shani"
Eight: The Power of Shani Eight—The Power of Shani (stylised as Ei8ht - The Power of Shani; also known as simply just Eight Shani) is a Hindi horror film written and directed by Karan Razdan. The film stars Raj Tara and Meghna Naidu in the lead roles along with Gulshan Grover in a supporting role. It debuted at 14 April 2006. The London-based Rai family consists of Suraj, his wife, Radha, and two children, a boy and a girl. Suraj's younger brother Raj comes to stay with them, and he slowly adapts the life in the city. Raj also has

"The Fast and the Furious"
Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020, and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series. Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment. It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment. In May 2018, Daniel Casey from ""Kin"", was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since ""2 Fast 2 Furious"" without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan. Filming will begin in April 2019 in

costs). It is Universal Pictures' most ambitious worldwide distribution release in the studio's history. The film was released day-and-date in 64 territories worldwide, including almost all major markets (minus Japan), starting from April 12, 2017, and was projected to earn anywhere between $375–440 million in its five-day opening weekend. By the end of the weekend, it ended up earning $539.9 million from nearly 23,000 screens, way above initial projections, to score the biggest global opening in cinematic history. It also marked the third time that a film earned over $500 million in a single weekend, after """" ($529 million) and

$275–330 million from over 20,000 screens, with some analysts believing it could go as high as $350–400 million. It opened Wednesday, April 12, 2017, in 8 countries, earning $17.9 million (including previews from 12 countries). It opened in 33 more countries on Thursday, April 2, for a total of 41 countries, earning $58.4 million, marking Universal Pictures overseas' highest-grossing Thursday ever, and for a two-day total of $82.2 million. It added 22 more countries on Friday, April 3, earning $112.1 million to score Universal International's highest-grossing Friday of all time, for a three-day total of $194.8 million. The robust Friday

"Be Thankful for What You Got"
Be Thankful for What You Got ""Be Thankful for What You Got"" is a soul song written and first performed by William DeVaughn. DeVaughn wrote ""A Cadillac Don't Come Easy"", eventually re-written to become ""Be Thankful for What You Got"" in 1972, and spent $900 toward it under a development agreement, under which an artist will record a few initial demos or tracks where, if successfully approved, the company may reserve the right to extend the arrangement to Omega Sound, a Philadelphia production house, and release the song. Producers Frank Fioravanti and saxophonist, and MFSB session group member, John Davis

"William DeVaughn"
William DeVaughn William Edward DeVaughn Jr. (born November 28, 1947, in Washington, D.C.) is an American R&B/soul singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known for the million-selling hit song ""Be Thankful for What You Got"" in 1974. DeVaughn was a salaried government employee as a drafting technician, and a part-time singer. He wrote a song called ""A Cadillac Don't Come Easy"", which was eventually re-written to become ""Be Thankful for What You Got"", in 1972. He spent $900 towards getting it recorded with Omega Sound, a Philadelphia production house. The record's producer at Omega, John Davis (a member of the MFSB

the U.S. R&B charts and #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. With a sound and content influenced by Curtis Mayfield (and often erroneously attributed to him), its simple and encouraging lyrics hit home, to the extent that it became featured on gospel radio stations. The edited version, which is the first part of the song, became a hit. The other half of the song is a longer instrumental with the repeated chords and rhythm before the final chorus comes in. The song is seven minutes long and radio stations preferred the sung portions over the instrumental portions. The song

decided to go for a strong groove with a smooth, almost jazzy arrangement, eventually booking time to record at Sigma Sound Studio in Philadelphia. The session featured members of the MFSB group — guitarist Norman Harris, drummer Earl Young, bassist Ron Baker, and vibist Vince Montana — secured by Allan Felder, who also developed the separate ad lib back-up chorus with his sister's vocal choir. Frank Fioravanti then secured the song's release on the Roxbury Records record label, run by producer-songwriter Wes Farrell. The record sold nearly two million copies on its release in spring of 1974, reaching #1 on

cover version, retitled ""Be Thankful for What You've Got"", was featured on their 1991 debut album ""Blue Lines"". A music video was produced for the song; however, it was not released as a stand-alone commercial single. Instead, a remix by Paul Oakenfold was also included on their 1992 single release ""Massive Attack EP"". ""Massive Attack EP"" track listing: Lawrence ""Lipbone"" Redding's cover version, ""Be Thankful for What You Got"", appeared on his 2009 EP ""Lipbone Redding and the LipBone Orchestra: Science of Bootyism"", BePop Records. The EP contains two versions of the song. Be Thankful for What You Got ""Be

"Thank God for You"
Thank God for You ""Thank God For You"" is a song written by Mac McAnally and Mark Miller, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in June 1993 as the lead single from their album, ""Outskirts of Town"". The song reached number-one on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart and on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart. It also peaked at number 17 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. In this song the narrator gives thanks for all the things that he has taken for granted in his lifespan. """"I've got

is referenced in the Rihanna song ""Shut Up and Drive (Rihanna song)"", with the phrase: ""I'm a fine-tuned super-sonic speed machine, with a sunroof top and a gangsta lean."" The song was covered in 1974 by Arthur Lee and Love on their ""Reel to Real"" album; Reggae versions were done by Donovan Carless in 1974, Bunny Clarke (produced by Lee ""Scratch"" Perry) in 1975, and by Winston Curtis in 1984 (on World International Records); in 1991 by the British trip hop band Massive Attack on their album ""Blue Lines"", in 1993 by Portrait on the soundtrack album """", by Peter

should dig my sun-roof top."" The song was also referenced in the late guitarist Gabor Szabo's 1976 song, ""Keep Smiling,"" except the ""diamond in the back"" lyric was changed to ""digging the scene with a Philly lean,"" possibly referring to the song's co-author and producer (and Vaughn's Philadelphia International Records label-mate) Bunny Sigler. The B-Side of the single entitled ""Diamond in the Back"" was the same title adopted by Ludacris in 2004. In the song ""Still Fly"" by Big Tymers the last verse mentions an 'old-school Caddy with a diamond in the back' and imitates DeVaughn's higher tone. The song

"Now Be Thankful"
of All Nations. Our People Pay Homage and Bow in Deep Respect and Gratitude to Her. The Milk of Human Kindness"". Now Be Thankful ""Now Be Thankful"" is a 1970 single by Fairport Convention released by Island Records (WIP 6089, September 1970). The lyrics are by Dave Swarbrick and Richard Thompson Ch: Though apparently cheerful on the surface, the lyrics can also be taken as referring to the barbarity of life in Medieval times. The B-side ""Sir B. McKenzie's Daughter's Lament For The 77th Mounted Lancers Retreat From The Straits Of Loch Knombe, In The Year Of Our Lord 1727,

"William DeVaughn discography"
&"" I Gotta Dance To keep From Crying"""" (2017) William DeVaughn discography American singer William DeVaughn has released three studio albums, including a record selling nearly two million copies on its release in spring 1974 (#1 within the R&B charts and #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart). The track ""Be Thankful for What You Got"" first (1974) peaked at #31 in the UK Singles Chart and later (1980) at #44. Be Thankful for What You Got (1974) Figures Can't Calculate (1980) ""Creme De Creme (1980) Time Will Stand Still (2008) ""Staying Power""(2014) ""Love In Any Language ""(2016) ""What Does

"Brian Ferentz"
2017, Ferentz was named the new offensive coordinator for Iowa. Brian Ferentz Brian Ferentz (born March 28, 1983) is the current American football offensive coordinator coach for the University of Iowa and a former offensive lineman in the National Football League. Ferentz played football as an offensive lineman for his father, Iowa head coach Kirk Ferentz, from 2001 through 2005. After going undrafted in the 2006 NFL Draft, Ferentz signed a free agent contract with the Atlanta Falcons in May 2006. He was released by the Falcons on September 2, 2006, and spent the season on the Falcons' practice squad.

"Donnie Duncan"
Donnie Duncan Donnie Duncan (August 28, 1940 – March 12, 2016) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He was the 26th head football coach at Iowa State University and he held that position for four seasons, from 1979 until 1982. His career coaching record at Iowa State was 18–24–2. His 1980 and 1981 Cyclones squads both made appearances in the national rankings. The 1981 Cyclones began the season at 5–1–1 and rose to No. 11 in the AP Poll. Led by future National Football League (NFL) players Dwayne Crutchfield, Dan Johnson, Karl Nelson and Chris Washington, the

"History of Iowa Hawkeyes football"
City only during football season. A conflict between Coach Jones and the chairman of the Athletics Board at Iowa contributed to the tension, and Jones eventually resigned as head coach and athletic director at Iowa. Jones went on to have a legendary career at Southern California, leading the Trojans to 7 conference titles, 5 Rose Bowls (all victories), and 3 mythical national titles. Newly hired athletic director Paul Belting needed to replace a legend, and after an attempt to lure Knute Rockne from Notre Dame failed, Belting quickly hired Burt Ingwersen, an assistant coach at Illinois. Many Iowa fans disliked

"Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball"
High School teammates Ed Horton and Kevin Gamble, as well as USC transfer Gerry Wright, and Les Jepsen, all of whom would go on to play in the NBA. During Raveling's three years with the program, the Hawkeyes made two trips to the NCAA Tournament, losing in the First Round on both occasions. Raveling left after the 1985–86 season to take the head coaching position at USC. Dr. Tom Davis took over from George Raveling and coached the Hawkeyes for 13 seasons from 1986–87 to 1998–99. Davis's signature was running the full court press defense for the entire game and

"Iowa Hawkeyes football"
He would not only succeed in his boast, by sending Iowa to the 1982 Rose Bowl, he would do it in three years, besting his ambitious prognostication by one year. Fry retired in 1998, turning the program over to his former assistant Kirk Ferentz. Ferentz led Iowa to three consecutive top ten finishes from 2002 to 2004 and two Big Ten titles. The Hawkeyes have played in 13 bowl games in the past 16 seasons, and in 27 bowl games over the last 36 seasons. Kirk Ferentz has been the head coach since Hayden Fry's retirement after the 1998 season,

"Kirk Ferentz"
drafted into the NFL, including seven first round picks, all while consistently recruiting high school players who are not desired by big time college programs. Iowa offensive linemen in particular are highly sought after by NFL teams, citing their work ethic and technical proficiency as being highly developed. Head coaches under whom Ferentz served: Assistants under Kirk Ferentz who have become NCAA or NFL head coaches: Kirk Ferentz Kirk James Ferentz (born August 1, 1955) is the head football coach at the University of Iowa, a position he has held since the 1999 season. From 1990 to 1992, Ferentz was

"Mark Mangino"
Mark Mangino Mark Thomas Mangino (born August 26, 1956) is a former American football coach, who most recently served as offensive coordinator and tight ends coach at Iowa State University. Previously, Mangino served as the head football coach at the University of Kansas from 2002 to 2009. In 2007, Mangino received several national coach of the year honors after leading the Jayhawks to their first 12-win season in school history and an Orange Bowl victory. However, he resigned as coach at Kansas two seasons later following allegations of mistreatment of players. While at Kansas, Mangino coached in four bowl games

"Nathan Scheelhaase"
Nathan Scheelhaase Nathan Scheelhaase (born November 8, 1990) is a former college football quarterback and coach. He is currently the running backs coach for the Iowa State University football team. He was the starting quarterback for the Illinois Fighting Illini from 2010 to 2013. While playing at Rockhurst High School, he won the 2008 Missouri Gatorade Player of the Year. Scheelhaase attended Rockhurst High School in Kansas City, Missouri. While at Rockhurst, Scheelhaase was a good student as well as a ten-time varsity letterman in football, track, and basketball. He was a four-star prospect on both Scout.com and Rivals.com. He

rebuild the Drake program. Steve Alford, a former Indiana Hoosier and a member of the Olympic gold-winning 1984 United States basketball team, arrived at Iowa with great fanfare. In his first game as coach of the Hawkeyes, Iowa defeated the defending champion and No. 1-ranked Connecticut Huskies in Madison Square Garden. However, his first team finished 14–16. During his second year (2000–01) the Hawkeyes were a highly regarded squad that included Indiana transfer Luke Recker and Reggie Evans, who would lead the Big Ten Conference in rebounds and double-doubles during his two seasons with Iowa, as well as Iowa Mr.

Brian Ferentz Brian Ferentz (born March 28, 1983) is the current American football offensive coordinator coach for the University of Iowa and a former offensive lineman in the National Football League. Ferentz played football as an offensive lineman for his father, Iowa head coach Kirk Ferentz, from 2001 through 2005. After going undrafted in the 2006 NFL Draft, Ferentz signed a free agent contract with the Atlanta Falcons in May 2006. He was released by the Falcons on September 2, 2006, and spent the season on the Falcons' practice squad. He was waived by the Falcons on May 14, 2007

"Scotland at the UEFA European Championship"
qualifying process. Scotland have participated in two UEFA European Football Championships finals, those held in 1992 and 1996. They have played six matches: winning two, drawing one and losing three. They have scored four goals and conceded five. Scotland first participated in the European Championships in 1968, after not entering the first two tournaments. The 1966–67 and 1967–68 editions of the British Home Championship formed the results of their qualifying group, with Scotland finishing a point behind group winners England. Scotland's first qualifying match was a 1–1 draw in Cardiff against Wales on 22 October 1966, with Denis Law scoring

"Scotland national football team"
they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. Scotland has a long-standing rivalry with England, whom they played annually from 1872 until 1989. The teams have met only seven times since then, most recently in June 2017. Scotland have qualified for the FIFA World Cup on eight occasions and the UEFA European Championship twice, but have never progressed beyond the first group stage of a finals tournament. The last major tournament they qualified for was the 1998 World Cup. The team have achieved some noteworthy results, such as beating the 1966 FIFA World Cup winners England 3–2

third place. Scotland finished third in their UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying group, behind World and European Champions Spain and the Czech Republic. On 3 September 2011, a stoppage time Czech penalty saw them steal a point from Hampden Park, which ultimately proved vital for Scotland's qualification chances. Scotland would have finished second in the group and reached the play-offs, with victory in that match. UEFA Euro 2016 saw eight additional teams qualify for the finals than was previously the case. This meant that the top two from each qualifying group would qualify, with the third placed team entering the play-offs.

consecutive tournaments from 1974 to 1990. Scotland have never advanced beyond the first round of the finals competition – no country has qualified for as many World Cup finals without progressing past the first round. They have missed out on progressing to the second round three times on goal difference: in 1974, when Brazil edged them out; in 1978, when the Netherlands progressed; and in 1982, when the Soviet Union went through. Scotland have qualified for two European Championships, but have failed to advance beyond the first round on both occasions. Their most recent participation was at the 1996 European

"Scotland at the FIFA World Cup"
world, having been founded in 1873. Its foundation came the year after the first official international match was played between Scotland and England at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow. Scotland have played at eight FIFA World Cups, including five consecutive tournaments from 1974 to 1990. During the preparations for the 1928 Olympic Football Tournament, FIFA ruled that all its member associations must provide ""broken-time"" payments to cover the expenses of players from their country who participated. In response to what they considered to be unacceptable interference, the football associations of Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales held a meeting at which they agreed

competitive fixture for the first time since 1999. On 11 November 2016, England beat Scotland 3–0 at Wembley. The return match saw Leigh Griffiths score two late free-kicks to give Scotland a 2–1 lead, but Harry Kane scored in added time to force a 2–2 draw. A draw in Slovenia in the final game of the group ended Scottish hopes of a play-off position, and Strachan subsequently left his position by mutual consent. In February 2018, Alex McLeish was appointed manager for the second time. Scotland did not compete in the first three World Cup competitions, held in 1930, 1934

"Scotland at the Rugby World Cup"
Scotland at the Rugby World Cup Scotland have played in every Rugby World Cup since the inaugural tournament in 1987. Their best finish was fourth in 1991. In their semi-final on October 26, 1991, Scotland lost 6–9 to England at Murrayfield after Gavin Hastings missed a penalty almost in front of and a short distance from the posts. On October 30 Scotland lost the third-place play-off to New Zealand in Cardiff 13–6. Since then they have qualified for the quarter-finals in every tournament except in 2011, but have not qualified for the semi-finals. For each tournament, the flag of the

fifth consecutive World Cup in 1990 by finishing second in their qualifying group, ahead of France. Scotland were drawn in a group with Costa Rica, Sweden, and Brazil, but the Scots lost 1–0 to Costa Rica. While they recovered to beat Sweden 2–1 in their second game, they lost to Brazil in their third match 1–0 and were again eliminated after the first round. By a narrow margin, Scotland qualified for the UEFA European Championship for the first time in 1992. A 1–0 defeat by Romania away from home left qualification dependent upon other results, but a 1–1 draw between

Costa Rica, Sweden, and Brazil, but the Scots lost 1–0 to Costa Rica. While they recovered to beat Sweden 2–1 in their second game, they lost to Brazil in their third match 1–0 and were once again eliminated after the first round. Goalkeeper Jim Leighton fumbled a shot that allowed Brazil to score the only goal. Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1,

"Scotland at the Cricket World Cup"
Scotland at the Cricket World Cup The Scotland national cricket team represents Scotland in the game of cricket. In 1992 Scotland severed their ties with the TCCB, and England, and gained associate membership of the ICC in their own right in 1994. They competed in the ICC Trophy for the first time in 1997, finishing third and qualifying for the 1999 World Cup, where they lost all their games. They also qualified for the 2007 and 2015 World Cups. 1999 was Scotland's first appearance at the Cricket World Cup, and their matches against Bangladesh and New Zealand were played in

"Walk the Line (soundtrack)"
Walk the Line (soundtrack) Walk the Line: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2005 biographical drama film of the same name released November 15, 2005 by Wind-Up Records. There are nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix (as Johnny Cash), four songs by Reese Witherspoon (as June Carter Cash), one song by Waylon Payne (as Jerry Lee Lewis), one song by Johnathan Rice (as Roy Orbison), two songs by Tyler Hilton (as Elvis Presley), and one song by Shooter Jennings (as Waylon Jennings). At the Golden Globe Awards Joaquin Phoenix was awarded the Best Actor - Musical

"I Walk the Line"
I Walk the Line ""I Walk the Line"" is a song written and recorded in 1956 by Johnny Cash. After three attempts with moderate chart ratings, it became Cash's first number one hit on the ""Billboard"" charts. It reached number 17 on the US pop charts. It remained on the record charts for over 43 weeks, and sold over 2 million copies. It has also been used on many LP's released from Sun Records, such as ""With His Hot and Blue Guitar"", ""Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous"", and ""Sings Hank Williams"". It was the title song for a

1970 film starring Gregory Peck. The unique chord progression for the song was inspired by backwards playback of guitar runs on Cash's tape recorder while he was in the Air Force stationed in Germany. Later in a telephone interview, Cash stated, “I wrote the song backstage one night in 1956 in Gladewater, Texas. I was newly married at the time, and I suppose I was laying out my pledge of devotion."" After the writing of the song Cash had a discussion with fellow performer [Carl Perkins] who encouraged him to adopt ""I Walk the Line"" as the song title. Cash

""TV Guide"", ""[t]he one reason to watch is the astonishing, unsung Weld, the modern Louise Brooks, who can suggest amorality, skewed innocence and ageless sensuality—she played nymphets through her thirties with infinite ease—that makes Bardot pale."" In an interview published in October 2009, Madison Jones, the author upon whose novel the film's screenplay was based, said Peck ""didn’t really fit the role... He didn’t really fit any role unless he is playing himself."" According to Jones, ""Peck himself said there was a good movie lying on the cutting-room floor."" Cash re-recorded the title song for the film, and ended up

"I Walk the Line (soundtrack album)"
I Walk the Line (soundtrack album) I Walk the Line is a soundtrack album to a 1970 film of the same name starring Gregory Peck. Released that same year on Columbia Records, it is, in essence, a country album by Johnny Cash (his 36th), as the entire soundtrack is composed solely of Cash songs, including a rearranged version of the famous title song. Also included is ""Flesh and Blood"", a ballad written by Cash which reached the top of the Country charts. The album is released on CD in 1999 backed with the soundtrack ""Little Fauss and Big Halsy"" [Bear

"Woolly mammoth"
digestion has been found in the intestines of several woolly mammoths, giving a good picture of their diet. Woolly mammoths sustained themselves on plant food, mainly grass and sedges, which were supplemented with herbaceous plants, flowering plants, shrubs, mosses, and tree matter. The composition and exact varieties differed from location to location. Woolly mammoths needed a varied diet to support their growth, like modern elephants. An adult of six tons would need to eat daily, and may have foraged as long as twenty hours every day. The two-fingered tip of the trunk was probably adapted for picking up the short

weighed about . The woolly mammoth was well adapted to the cold environment during the last ice age. It was covered in fur, with an outer covering of long guard hairs and a shorter undercoat. The colour of the coat varied from dark to light. The ears and tail were short to minimise frostbite and heat loss. It had long, curved tusks and four molars, which were replaced six times during the lifetime of an individual. Its behaviour was similar to that of modern elephants, and it used its tusks and trunk for manipulating objects, fighting, and foraging. The diet

construction material for dwellings by both Neanderthals and modern humans during the ice age. More than 70 such dwellings are known, mainly from the Russian Plain. The bases of the huts were circular, and ranged from . The arrangement of dwellings varied, and ranged from to apart, depending on location. Large bones were used as foundations for the huts, tusks for the entrances, and the roofs were probably skins held in place by bones or tusks. Some huts had floors that extended below ground. Some huts included fireplaces, which used bones as fuel, probably because wood was scarce. It is

grasses of the last ice age (Quaternary glaciation, 2.58 million years ago to present) by wrapping around them, whereas modern elephants curl their trunks around the longer grass of their tropical environments. The trunk could also be used for pulling off large grass tufts, delicately picking buds and flowers, and tearing off leaves and branches where trees and shrubs were present. The ""Yukagir mammoth"" had ingested plant matter that contained spores of dung fungus. Isotope analysis shows that woolly mammoths fed mainly on C3 plants, unlike horses and rhinos. Scientists identified milk in the stomach and faecal matter in the

darkness in high latitudes. The molars were adapted to their diet of coarse tundra grasses, with more enamel plates and a higher crown than their earlier, southern relatives. The woolly mammoth chewed its food by using its powerful jaw muscles to move the mandible forwards and close the mouth, then backwards while opening; the sharp enamel ridges thereby cut across each other, grinding the food. The ridges were wear-resistant to enable the animal to chew large quantities of food, which often contained grit. Woolly mammoths may have used their tusks as shovels to clear snow from the ground and reach

abnormal number of cervical vertebrae has been found in 33% of specimens from the North Sea region, probably due to inbreeding in a declining population. Parasitic flies and protozoa were identified in the gut of the calf ""Dima"". The habitat of the woolly mammoth is known as ""mammoth steppe"" or ""tundra steppe"". This environment stretched across northern Asia, many parts of Europe, and the northern part of North America during the last ice age. It was similar to the grassy steppes of modern Russia, but the flora was more diverse, abundant, and grew faster. Grasses, sedges, shrubs, and herbaceous plants

was called the ""Yukagir mammoth"", and is estimated to have lived around 18,560 years ago, and to have been 282.9 cm (9.2 ft) tall at the shoulder, and weighed between 4 and 5 tonnes. It is one of the best-preserved mammoths ever found due to the almost complete head, covered in skin, but without the trunk. Some postcranial remains were also found, some with soft tissue. In 2007, the carcass of a female calf nicknamed ""Lyuba"" was discovered near the Yuribey River, where it had been buried for 41,800 years. By cutting a section through a molar and analysing its

intestines of the mammoth calf ""Lyuba"". The faecal matter may have been eaten by ""Lyuba"" to promote development of the intestinal microbes necessary for digestion of vegetation, as is the case in modern elephants. An isotope analysis of woolly mammoths from Yukon showed that the young nursed for at least three years, and were weaned and gradually changed to a diet of plants when they were two to three years old. This is later than in modern elephants and may be due to a higher risk of predator attack or difficulty in obtaining food during the long periods of winter

of the woolly mammoth was mainly grass and sedges. Individuals could probably reach the age of 60. Its habitat was the mammoth steppe, which stretched across northern Eurasia and North America. The woolly mammoth coexisted with early humans, who used its bones and tusks for making art, tools, and dwellings, and the species was also hunted for food. It disappeared from its mainland range at the end of the Pleistocene 10,000 years ago, most likely through climate change and consequent shrinkage of its habitat, hunting by humans, or a combination of the two. Isolated populations survived on St. Paul Island

St. Mary Reservoir in Canada, showing that there were in this case almost equal numbers of adults, sub-adults and juveniles. The adults had a stride of , and the juveniles ran to keep up. The woolly mammoth was probably the most specialised member of the family Elephantidae. They had lipopexia (fat storage) in their neck and withers, for times when food availability was insufficient during winter, and their first three molars grew more quickly than in the calves of modern elephants. The expansion identified on the trunk of ""Yuka"" and other specimens was suggested to function as a ""fur mitten"";

"Basset Hound"
including bone and joint injuries, Gastric Dilatation Volvulus and paralysis. The only recent mortality and morbidity surveys of Basset Hounds are from the UK: a 1999 longevity survey with a small sample size of 10 deceased dogs and a 2004 UK Kennel Club health survey with a larger sample size of 142 deceased dogs and 226 live dogs. See Mortality and Morbidity below. Median longevity of Basset Hounds is about 10.3 years in France and 11.3 years in the UK, which is a typical median longevity for purebred dogs and for breeds similar in size to Basset Hounds. The oldest

"Basset Fauve de Bretagne"
longevity can be more accurately represented. Based on a small sample size of 15 deceased dogs, Basset Fauve de Bretagnes in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey had a median longevity of 10.4 years (maximum 13.9 years), which is a typical median longevity for purebred dogs, but a little low compared to other breeds of similar size. Most common causes of death were road traffic accidents, cancer, heart failure, and kidney failure. The high incidence of road traffic accidents may be perhaps blamed on this dog's love of the scent. Many pet Fauves go AWOL when they find a scent

Dog
have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed. The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years. The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15

of the 142 deceased dogs in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey was 16.7 years. Leading causes of death in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey were cancer (31%), old age (13%), gastric dilatation volvulus (11%), and cardiac (8%). Among the 226 live Basset Hounds in the 2004 UKC survey, the most-common health issues noted by owners were dermatologic (such as dermatitis), reproductive, musculoskeletal (for example, arthritis and lameness), and gastrointestinal (for example, gastric dilatation volvulus and colitis). Basset Hounds are also prone to epilepsy, glaucoma, luxating patella, thrombopathia, Von Willebrand disease, hypothyroidism, hip dysplasia, and elbow dysplasia. The modern

"Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen"
No longevity data were collected in the 1994 survey. There was no information on causes of death. Average longevity of 76 deceased Basset Griffon Vendéens (both varieties) in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey was 12.1 years (maximum 17.3 years). Leading causes of death were cancer (33%), old age (24%), and cardiac (7%). Compared to surveyed longevities of other breeds of similar size, Basset Griffon Vendéens have a typical or somewhat higher than average life expectancy. In the PBGV Club of America 2000 survey, the most common diseases reported by owners of 640 dogs were persistent pupillary membranes, recurrent ear

"Aging in dogs"
a Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years. Two of the longest living dogs on record, ""Bluey"" and ""Chilla"", were Australian Cattle Dogs. This has prompted a study of the longevity of the Australian Cattle Dog to examine if the breed might have exceptional longevity. The 100-dog survey yielded a mean longevity of 13.41 years with a standard deviation of 2.36 years. The study concluded that while Australian Cattle Dogs are a healthy breed and do live on average almost

"Papillon dog"
prevent behavioral issues arising from boredom. A 2002 Papillon Club of America survey found that the Papillons of their members lived an average of 11.45 years. Papillons can live up to 17 years. Papillons have only minor health concerns, although patellar luxation, seizures, and dental problems can be issues. Additionally, they can be at risk for progressive retinal atrophy, intervertebral disk disease, and allergies. Play will take care of a lot of their exercise needs; however, as with all breeds, play is not sufficient for all exercise. Daily walks or runs are an excellent way to exercise a Papillon. They

"Aging in cats"
Aging in cats To date, reliable information on the lifespans of domestic cats is varied and relatively scant. Nevertheless, a number of studies have investigated the matter and have come up with noteworthy estimates. Estimates of mean lifespan in these studies range between 13 and 17 years, with a single value in the neighborhood of 15 years. At least one study found a median lifespan value of 14 years and a corresponding interquartile range of 9 to 17 years. Maximum lifespan has been estimated at values ranging from 22 to 30 years although there have been unverified claims of cats

in 2005, aged 38 years, 3 days. Aging in cats To date, reliable information on the lifespans of domestic cats is varied and relatively scant. Nevertheless, a number of studies have investigated the matter and have come up with noteworthy estimates. Estimates of mean lifespan in these studies range between 13 and 17 years, with a single value in the neighborhood of 15 years. At least one study found a median lifespan value of 14 years and a corresponding interquartile range of 9 to 17 years. Maximum lifespan has been estimated at values ranging from 22 to 30 years although

Bloodhound
high incidence of eye, skin, and ear ailments; thus these areas should be inspected frequently for signs of developing problems. Owners should be especially aware of the signs of bloat, which is both the most common illness and the leading cause of death of Bloodhounds. The thick coat gives the breed the tendency to overheat quickly. Bloodhounds in a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey had a median longevity of 6.75 years, which makes them one of the shortest-lived of dog breeds. The oldest of the 82 deceased dogs in the survey died at the age of 12.1 years. Bloat took

"Great Plague of London"
Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665–1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which began in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people—almost a quarter of London's population—in 18 months. The plague was caused by the ""Yersinia pestis"" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite

of an infected rat flea. The 1665–66 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the ""great"" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter

from around 290 to 398. Although there had been only three official cases in April, which level of plague in earlier years had not induced any official response, the Privy Council now acted to introduce household quarantine. Justices of the Peace in Middlesex were instructed to investigate any suspected cases and to shut up the house if it was confirmed. Shortly after, a similar order was issued by the King's Bench to the City and Liberties. A riot broke out in St. Giles when the first house was sealed up; the crowd broke down the door and released the inhabitants.

"Great Fire of London"
Great Fire of London The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Thursday, 6 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of

Rioters caught were punished severely. Instructions were given to build pest-houses, which were essentially isolation hospitals built away from other people where the sick could be cared for (or stay until they died). This official activity suggests that despite the few recorded cases, the government was already aware that this was a serious outbreak of plague. With the arrival of warmer weather, the disease began to take a firmer hold. In the week 2–9 May, there were three recorded deaths in the parish of St Giles, four in neighbouring St Clement Danes and one each in St Andrew, Holborn and

medical training varied from those who had attended the college of physicians, to apothecaries who also acted as modern doctors, to simple charlatans. Other diseases abounded, such as an outbreak of smallpox the year before, and these uncertainties all added to difficulties identifying the true start of the epidemic. Contemporary accounts suggest cases of plague occurred through the winter of 1664/5, some of which were fatal but a number of which did not display the virulence of the later epidemic. The winter was cold, the ground frozen from December to March, river traffic on the Thames twice blocked by ice,

Fields. In both of these localities, poor workers were crowded into ill-kept structures. Two suspicious deaths were recorded in St. Giles parish in 1664 and another in February 1665. These did not appear as plague deaths on the Bills of Mortality, so no control measures were taken by the authorities, but the total number of people dying in London during the first four months of 1665 showed a marked increase and another in 1855. By the end of April, only four plague deaths had been recorded, two in the parish of St. Giles, but total deaths per week had risen

sent from London, although this is a disputed point. The villagers imposed a quarantine on themselves to stop the further spread of the disease. This prevented the disease from moving into surrounding areas but the cost to the village was the death of around 80% of its inhabitants over a period of fourteen months. By late autumn, the death toll in London and the suburbs began to slow until, in February 1666, it was considered safe enough for the King and his entourage to come back to the city. With the return of the monarch, others began to return: The

included Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton. In fact, out of the fire and pestilence flowed a renaissance in the arts and sciences in England. Plague pits have been archaeologically excavated during underground construction work. Between 2011 and 2015, some 3,500 burials from the 'New Churchyard' or 'Bethlam burial ground' were discovered during the construction of the Crossrail railway at Liverpool Street. ""Yersinia pestis"" DNA was found in the teeth of individuals found buried in pits at the site, confirming they had died of bubonic plague. Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665–1666, was the

to about 4.9 million by 1680, recovering to just over 5 million by 1700. Other diseases, such as smallpox, took a high toll on the population even without the contribution by plague. The higher death rate in cities, both generally and specifically from the plague, was made up by continuous immigration, from small towns to larger ones and from the countryside to the town. There were no contemporary censuses of London's population, but available records suggest that the population returned to its previous level within a couple of years. Burials in 1667 had returned to 1663 levels, Hearth Tax returns

"The King and I (1956 film)"
The King and I (1956 film) The King and I is a 1956 American musical film made by 20th Century Fox, directed by Walter Lang and produced by Charles Brackett and Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is based on the Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II musical ""The King and I"", based in turn on the novel ""Anna and the King of Siam"" by Margaret Landon. That novel in turn was based on memoirs written by Anna Leonowens, who became school teacher to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. Leonowens' stories were

"The King and I (1999 film)"
The King and I (1999 film) The King and I is a 1999 American animated musical film directed by Richard Rich and written by Peter Bakalian, Jacqueline Feather, and David Seidler, loosely adapted from the Anna Leonowens story, and uses songs and some of the character names from Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II's stage musical of the same name. The film was released theatrically in the United States on March 19, 1999 and grossed $12 million domestically on a $25 million budget. In 1862 Siam, the King of Siam rules with traditional beliefs and refusal to change. With the

some of the film's incidental music, as well as the original main title music. The Overture heard on the LP version and on the first two editions of the CD was included as a bonus track. The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards and won five. The King and I (1956 film) The King and I is a 1956 American musical film made by 20th Century Fox, directed by Walter Lang and produced by Charles Brackett and Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is based on the Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II musical ""The King and

"The King and I"
as well as by a love to which neither can admit. The musical premiered on March 29, 1951, at Broadway's St. James Theatre. It ran for nearly three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours and revivals. In 1950, theatrical attorney Fanny Holtzmann was looking for a part for her client, veteran leading lady Gertrude Lawrence. Holtzmann realized that Landon's book would provide an ideal vehicle and contacted Rodgers and Hammerstein, who were initially reluctant but agreed to write the musical. The pair initially sought Rex Harrison to play

arrival of Englishwoman Anna Leonowens and her son Louis, his Prime Minister, Kralahome, plots to have the King overthrown with deceit. At the same time, the Crown Prince Chulalongkorn falls in love with Tuptim, a servant given to the King as a gift from Burma, but their love must remain a secret as such is strictly forbidden. A soundtrack album was released on March 16, 1999 by Sony Classical Records. It was released on both CD and cassette formats. All the songs on the album were composed by Oscar Hammerstein II and Richard Rodgers. William Ruhlmann of Allmusic.com gave the

their Broadway stage roles, Saunders played Thiang, Adiarte was Chulalongkorn and Benson was the Kralahome, and dancers Yuriko and de Lappe also reprised their stage roles. Alan Mowbray appeared in the new role of the British Ambassador, while Sir Edward Ramsey (demoted to the Ambassador's aide) was played by Geoffrey Toone. The cinematography was by Leon Shamroy, the art direction by John DeCuir and Lyle R. Wheeler and the costume design by Irene Sharaff. The choreography used for the film was the choreography developed by Jerome Robbins for the original stage production. Three songs from the original stage production were

the production's 1,246 performances was on March 20, 1954. The run was, at the time, the fourth longest ever for a Broadway musical. A U.S. national tour began on March 22, 1954, at the Community Theatre, Hershey, Pennsylvania, starring Brynner and Morison. The tour played in 30 cities, closing on December 17, 1955, at the Shubert Theatre, Philadelphia. The original London production opened on October 8, 1953, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and was warmly received by both audiences and critics; it ran for 946 performances. The show was restaged by Jerome Whyte. The cast featured Valerie Hobson, in

all-new ""Super Baltar"" lenses. Numerous features were made in the Fox-revised Todd-AO process. In 1961, it was re-released for the first time in a 70 mm format, under Fox's ""Grandeur 70"" trademark. For this release, the six-channel version of the stereo soundtrack was finally used. In 1966, it was re-released again, this time in Cinemascope, before being sold to television in 1967. The film was a big success upon release, both critically and financially. Some reviewers did criticize the film due to its changes in dialogue from the Broadway production, as well as the omission of some songs. ""The King

In an interview for ""The New York Times"", Hammerstein indicated that he wrote the first scene before leaving for London and the West End production of ""Carousel"" in mid-1950; he wrote a second scene while in the British capital. The pair had to overcome the challenge of how to represent Thai speech and music. Rodgers, who had experimented with Asian music in his short-lived 1928 musical with Lorenz Hart titled ""Chee-chee"", did not wish to use actual Thai music, which American audiences might not find accessible. Instead, he gave his music an exotic flavor, using open fifths and chords in

1976, Brynner received an offer from impresarios Lee Gruber and Shelly Gross to star, in the role that he had created 25 years before, in a U.S. national tour and Broadway revival. The tour opened in Los Angeles on July 26, 1976, with Constance Towers reprising the role of Anna. On opening night, Brynner suffered so badly from laryngitis that he lip-synched, with his son Rock singing and speaking the role from the orchestra pit. The production traveled across the United States, selling out every city it appeared in and finally opening in New York at the Uris Theatre (today

"Gulf War"
collectible for numismatists. Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. The Kuwaiti resistance's casualty rate far exceeded that of the coalition military forces and Western hostages. The resistance predominantly consisted of ordinary citizens who lacked any form of training and supervision. A key element of US political-military and energy economic planning occurred in early 1984. The Iran–Iraq war had been going on for five years by that time and there were significant casualties on both sides, reaching into the hundreds of thousands. Within President Ronald Reagan's National Security Council concern was growing that the

"Gulf War"
First Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term ""Iraq War"" became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War. The Iraqi Army's occupation of Kuwait that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council. Together with the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher—who had resisted the invasion by Argentina of the Falkland Islands a decade earlier—George H. W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. An array of nations joined the coalition, forming the

"Gulf War"
as Iraqi territory. Kuwait had been a part of the Ottoman Empire's province of Basra, something that Iraq claimed made it rightful Iraqi territory. Its ruling dynasty, the al-Sabah family, had concluded a protectorate agreement in 1899 that assigned responsibility for its foreign affairs to the United Kingdom. The UK drew the border between the two countries in 1922, making Iraq virtually landlocked. Kuwait rejected Iraqi attempts to secure further provisions in the region. Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its OPEC quotas for oil production. In order for the cartel to maintain its desired price of $18 a barrel,

"Gulf War"
citizens during Scud attacks. On 25 February 1991, a Scud missile hit a US Army barracks of the 14th Quartermaster Detachment, out of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, stationed in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 28 soldiers and injuring over 100. On 29 January, Iraqi forces attacked and occupied the lightly defended Saudi city of Khafji with tanks and infantry. The Battle of Khafji ended two days later when the Iraqis were driven back by the Saudi Arabian National Guard, supported by Qatari forces and US Marines. The allied forces used extensive artillery fire. Both sides suffered casualties, although Iraqi forces sustained substantially more

"Gulf War"
expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks. This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased its advance and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border. Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel. Throughout the Cold War, Iraq had been an

"Gulf War"
ceasefire agreement was negotiated and signed by both sides. At the conference, Iraq was authorized to fly armed helicopters on their side of the temporary border, ostensibly for government transit due to the damage done to civilian infrastructure. Soon after, these helicopters and much of Iraq's military were used to fight an uprising in the south. The rebellions were encouraged by an airing of ""The Voice of Free Iraq"" on 2 February 1991, which was broadcast from a CIA-run radio station out of Saudi Arabia. The Arabic service of the Voice of America supported the uprising by stating that the

"Gulf War"
the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis. Studies dispute the number of people who died in south and central Iraq during the years of the sanctions. The draining of the Qurna Marshes was an irrigation project in Iraq during and immediately after the war, to drain a large area of marshes in the Tigris–Euphrates river system. Formerly covering an area of around 3,000 square kilometers, the large complex of wetlands were almost completely emptied of water, and the local Shi'ite population relocated, following the war and 1991 uprisings. By 2000, United Nations Environment Programme estimated that 90% of the marshlands had

"Gulf War"
because the alpha particles emitted by its isotopes travel only a few centimeters in air or can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Also, the uranium-235 that remains in depleted uranium emits only a small amount of low-energy gamma radiation. However, if allowed to enter the body, depleted uranium, like natural uranium, has the potential for both chemical and radiological toxicity with the two important target organs being the kidneys and the lungs. On the night of 26–27 February 1991, some Iraqi forces began leaving Kuwait on the main highway north of Al Jahra in a column of some

"Gulf War"
U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed approximately 300 enemy combat vehicles during this particular encounter with Iraqi forces. The Iraqis suffered the loss of over 3,000 tanks and over 2,000 other combat vehicles during these battles against the American-led coalition. US decoy attacks by air attacks and naval gunfire the night before Kuwait's liberation were designed to make the Iraqis believe the main coalition ground attack would focus on central Kuwait. For months, American units in Saudi Arabia had been under almost constant Iraqi artillery fire, as well as threats from Scud missile or chemical attacks. On 24 February 1991, the

"Gulf War"
attack to keep US Marines from coming ashore (""Missouri"" and ""Wisconsin"" had shelled Failaka Island during the war to reinforce the idea that there would be an amphibious assault attempt). About 30–40% of this came from allied raids on Iraqi coastal targets. The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by the Iraqi military setting fire to 700 oil wells as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991 after conquering the country but being driven out by coalition forces. The fires started in January and February 1991, and the last one was extinguished by November. The resulting

"Behavioral neuroscience"
Behavioral neuroscience Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries. In philosophy, people like René Descartes proposed physical models to explain animal and human behavior. Descartes, for example, suggested that the pineal gland, a midline unpaired structure in the brain of many organisms, was the point of contact between mind and body. Descartes

"Psychological behaviorism"
Psychological behaviorism Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism — a major theory within psychology which holds that generally human behaviors are learned — proposed by Arthur W. Staats. The theory is constructed to advance from basic animal learning principles to deal with all types of human behavior, including personality, culture, and human evolution. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson (1912), who coined the term ""behaviorism,"" and then B. F. Skinner who developed what is known as ""radical behaviorism."" Watson and Skinner rejected the idea that psychological data could be obtained through introspection or by an attempt to

Behavioralism
explain this behavior as it relates to the political system. From 1942 through the 1970s, behaviouralism gained support. It was David Easton who started it in the study of political systems. It was the site of discussion between traditionalist and new emerging approaches to political science. The origins of behaviouralism is often attributed to the work of University of Chicago professor Charles Merriam who in the 1920s and 1930s, emphasized the importance of examining political behaviour of individuals and groups rather than only considering how they abide by legal or formal rules. Prior to the ""behaviouralist revolution"", political science being

Behaviorism
forms of psychology, which often had difficulty making predictions that could be tested experimentally. The earliest derivatives of Behaviorism can be traced back to the late 19th century where Edward Thorndike pioneered the law of effect, a process that involved strengthening behavior through the use of reinforcement. During the first half of the twentieth century, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism, which rejected introspective methods and sought to understand behavior by only measuring observable behaviors and events. It was not until the 1930s that B. F. Skinner suggested that private events—including thoughts and feelings—should be subjected to the same controlling

Behaviorism Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that all behaviors are either reflexes produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of inheritance in determining behavior, they focus primarily on environmental factors. Behaviorism combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and psychological theory. It emerged in the late nineteenth century as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional

research into how school learning could be advanced using its methods and theories. Also, Staats' theory of human evolution is seen to call for research and theory developments. Psychological behaviorism Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism — a major theory within psychology which holds that generally human behaviors are learned — proposed by Arthur W. Staats. The theory is constructed to advance from basic animal learning principles to deal with all types of human behavior, including personality, culture, and human evolution. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson (1912), who coined the term ""behaviorism,"" and then B. F.

"George C. Homans"
doesn’t make damn bit of difference to me because I can’t predict it. I can’t show how the behavior of different men, behavior of exemplifying the same general propositions, combines over time to produce particular results. The trouble is that the past behavior that affects—determines if you will—present behavior is linked together in complex chains, creating the illusion of freedom."""" George C. Homans George Casper Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American Sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and the Social Exchange Theory. Homans is best known for his research in social behavior and his works including

of the ""free operant"", so called because the animal was now permitted to respond at its own rate rather than in a series of trials determined by the experimenter procedures. With this method, Skinner carried out substantial experimental work on the effects of different schedules and rates of reinforcement on the rates of operant responses made by rats and pigeons. He achieved remarkable success in training animals to perform unexpected responses, to emit large numbers of responses, and to demonstrate many empirical regularities at the purely behavioral level. This lent some credibility to his conceptual analysis. It is largely his

"History of evolutionary psychology"
History of evolutionary psychology The history of evolutionary psychology began with Charles Darwin, who said that humans have social instincts that evolved by natural selection. Darwin's work inspired later psychologists such as William James and Sigmund Freud but for most of the 20th century psychologists focused more on behaviorism and proximate explanations for human behavior. E. O. Wilson's landmark 1975 book, """", synthesized recent theoretical advances in evolutionary theory to explain social behavior in animals, including humans. Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby popularized the term ""evolutionary psychology"" in their 1992 book ""The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and The

"To Kill a Mockingbird"
but Lee renamed it ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to reflect that the story went beyond a character portrait. The book was published on July 11, 1960. The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies. In 1964, Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said, I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I

book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them ""Mockingbird groupies"", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic ""Hell, no!"" To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The story is told by the

"To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture"
To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Since the publication of"" To Kill a Mockingbird"" in 1960, there have been many references and allusions to it in popular culture. The book has been internationally popular for more than a half century, selling more 30 million copies in 40 languages. It currently (2013) sells 750,000 copies a year and is widely read in schools in America and abroad. Harper Lee and her publisher did not expect ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to be such a huge success. Since it was first published in 1960, it has sold close to one million copies

well as their impact on readers and viewers. To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Since the publication of"" To Kill a Mockingbird"" in 1960, there have been many references and allusions to it in popular culture. The book has been internationally popular for more than a half century, selling more 30 million copies in 40 languages. It currently (2013) sells 750,000 copies a year and is widely read in schools in America and abroad. Harper Lee and her publisher did not expect ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to be such a huge success. Since it was first published in 1960,

Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book ""In Cold Blood"" (1966). Capote

who was inspired by Capote's memories of Lee as a child, was played by Aubrey Dollar. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting

To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The story is told by the six-year-old Jean Louise Finch. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's

schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from ""Bestsellers"" magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since then, she declined talking with reporters about the

for Capote's nonfiction novel ""In Cold Blood"". Down the street from the Lees lived a family whose house was always boarded up; they served as the models for the fictional Radleys. The son of the family got into some legal trouble and the father kept him at home for 24 years out of shame. He was hidden until virtually forgotten; he died in 1952. The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named

slate of games featured a number of major divisional rivalries, including New York Giants–Washington, Green Bay–Minnesota, and its opening game on September 11, 2014, featuring the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Baltimore Ravens. In the wake of the controversy surrounding Ravens player Ray Rice (who had been removed from the team and suspended from the NFL earlier in the week following the discovery of footage showing the player physically assaulting his wife, Janay, who was engaged to Rice at the time the security camera footage was recorded), changes were made to pre-game coverage on the first game in order to accommodate

game between the New England Patriots and the New York Giants, where the Patriots had a chance to become the first team since the 1972 Miami Dolphins to end a regular season undefeated. In the first case, fans were displeased that a matchup between two teams at such a critical point in the season was not available on broadcast television except in the Dallas and Green Bay markets. To avoid such a problem with the potential sixteenth victory for the Patriots, CBS and NBC bought broadcast rights to the game so it could be seen by a nationwide audience on

"History of Monday Night Football"
the league in 1964 to play on Friday nights was soundly defeated, with critics charging that such telecasts would damage the attendance at high school football games. Undaunted, Rozelle decided to experiment with the concept of playing on Monday night, scheduling the Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions for a game on September 28, 1964. While the game was not televised, it drew a sellout crowd of 59,203 spectators to Tiger Stadium, the largest crowd ever to watch a professional football game in Detroit up to that point. Two years later, Rozelle would build on this success as the NFL

of the games on NFL Network. The first game produced by NBC Sports was broadcast exclusively on NFL Network on November 3, 2016, while the first game simulcast nationally on NBC aired on November 17. A cappella group Pentatonix recorded a reworked version of their song ""Sing"" (""Weekend Go"") to serve as the opening theme song for NBC's ""Thursday Night Football"" telecasts; NBC also commissioned new instrumental theme music by Jimmy Greco, ""Can't Hold Us Down"", which was performed by members of the orchestra from the Broadway musical ""Hamilton"". Both were retained for NBC's games in 2017. On April 4,

2006 until 2011. At its launch, the package proved highly controversial mainly due to the relative unavailability of NFL Network at the time; the league used the games as leverage to encourage television providers to carry NFL Network on their basic service tiers, rather than in premium, sports-oriented packages that required subscribers to pay a higher fee; although, as with all other national cable telecasts of NFL games, the league's own regulations require the games to be syndicated to over-the-air television stations in the local markets of the teams. These issues were magnified in 2007, when a game that saw

nights). The move of selected games to CBS brought improved ratings: the inaugural game was the highest-rated program of the night, with an audience share of 13.7 and an average of 20.7 million viewers, representing a 108% increase in ratings over the first NFL Network game in 2013. The game, whose ratings were boosted by coverage of the Ray Rice scandal, also brought CBS its highest prime time ratings on a Thursday night since May 2006. While lower, at 9.6 million viewers, the Week 3 game between the Atlanta Falcons and Tampa Bay Buccaneers was also the highest-rated program of

edition of the games. The anthem by Samaras and Palamas was declared the official Olympic Anthem by the International Olympic Committee in 1958 at the 54th Session of the IOC in Tokyo, Japan. Since 1960, it has been played at each Olympic Games: during the opening ceremony when the Olympic flag is hoisted, and during the closing ceremony when the Olympic flag is lowered. If the anthem is to be performed in English, then the English sung version is used, which has been usually in English-speaking countries. If it is to be performed in a language other than English or

Greek, then the original version is translated to the language it is to be performed but in the 2008 Beijing games, Greek was also sung instead of Chinese and in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro games, English was also sung instead of Portuguese. The only Olympic games in which lyrics of the English version were used in translation were the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Donovan Seidle, associate music director during the games, arranged the anthem, translating some of the stanzas to French in recognition of the official bilingualism in Canada. The anthem has been recorded and

performed in many different languages, usually as a result of the hosting of either form of the Games in various countries. The IOC doesn’t require that the anthem be performed in either English or Greek. But in the 2008 Olympic opening and closing ceremonies in Beijing, China, Greek was sung instead of the host country's official language, Mandarin. Also in the 2016 Olympic opening ceremonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, English was also sung instead of host country's official language, Portuguese. Olympic Hymn The Olympic Hymn (, ""Olympiakós Ýmnos""), also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is a choral cantata

official languages of the Olympic Movement. The other language used at each Olympic Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from French or English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these three (or more) languages, or the main two depending on whether the host country is an English or French speaking country: French is always spoken first, followed by an English translation, and then the dominant language of the host nation (when

"Kostis Palamas"
Gypsy in a post-classical, post-Byzantine Greek world, an explorer of work, love, art, country, history, religion and science, keenly aware of his roots and of the contradictions between his classical and Christian heritages. Palamas was one of the most respected literary critics of his day, and instrumental in the reappraisal of the works of Andreas Kalvos, Dionysios Solomos and the ""Ionian School"" of poetry, Kostas Krystallis et al. Kostis Palamas Kostis Palamas (; – 27 February 1943) was a Greek poet who wrote the words to the Olympic Hymn. He was a central figure of the Greek literary generation of

"1896 Summer Olympics"
people."" Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until 1960, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later: the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and the first officials' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games. At the

"Spyridon Samaras"
by Kostis Palamas. The Anthem was first performed during the opening ceremony of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games. It was declared the official anthem of the Olympic movement by the International Olympic Committee in 1958 and has been used at every opening ceremony since the 1960 Winter Olympics. Samaras died, aged 55, in Athens. Spyridon Samaras Spyridon-Filiskos Samaras (also Spyros, Spiro Samara; ) (29 November 1861 – 7 April 1917) was a Greek composer particularly admired for his operas who was part of the generation of composers that heralded the works of Giacomo Puccini. His compositions

"National anthem"
of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony; also played before games in many sports leagues, since being adopted in baseball during World War II. When teams from two different nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played, the host nation's anthem being played last. In some countries, the national anthem is played to students each day at the start of school as an exercise in patriotism, such as in Tanzania. In other countries the state anthem may be played in a theatre before a play or in a cinema before a movie. Many

"Olympic symbols"
as the ""Olympic Anthem"", is played when the Olympic flag is raised. It was composed by Spyridon Samaras with words from a poem of the Greek poet and writer Kostis Palamas. Both the poet and the composer were the choice of Demetrius Vikelas, a Greek Pro-European and the first President of the IOC. The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the 1896 Athens Olympic Games but wasn't declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1958. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their

"Jaffa Cakes"
Jaffa Cakes Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36. Because McVitie's did not trademark the name ""Jaffa Cakes"", other biscuit manufacturers and supermarkets have made similar products under

are charged the reduced rate of VAT (13.5% ). Jaffa Cakes Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36. Because McVitie's did not trademark the name ""Jaffa Cakes"", other

the same name. The product's classification as a cake or biscuit was part of a VAT tribunal in 1991, with the court finding in McVitie's favour that the Jaffa cake should be considered a cake for tax purposes. In 2012 they were ranked the best selling cake or biscuit in the United Kingdom. McVitie's entire line of Jaffa cakes are produced in the United Kingdom at the McVitie's factory in Stockport. The Jaffa cake production area covers an acre () and includes a production line over a mile () long which sits on the Stockport side of the site's boundary

Biscuit
Biscuit Biscuit is a term used for a variety of primarily flour-based baked food products. The term is applied to two distinct products. This article covers the type of biscuit found in the Commonwealth of Nations and Europe, which is typically hard, flat and unleavened. In North America, a biscuit is typically a soft, leavened quick bread, and is covered in the article Biscuit (bread). The modern-day difference in the English language regarding the word ""biscuit"" is provided by British cookery writer Elizabeth David in ""English Bread and Yeast Cookery"", in the chapter ""Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes"" and

Biscuit
a layer of ""creme"" or icing is sandwiched between two biscuits, such as the custard cream, or a layer of jam (as in biscuits which, in the United Kingdom, are known as ""Jammie Dodgers"") Sweet biscuits are commonly eaten as a snack food, and are, in general, made with wheat flour or oats, and sweetened with sugar or honey. Varieties may contain chocolate, fruit, jam, nuts, ginger, or even be used to sandwich other fillings. The digestive biscuit and rich tea have a strong identity in British culture as the traditional accompaniment to a cup of tea and are regularly

"Bara brith"
Bara brith Bara brith, sometimes known as ""speckled bread"" (the literal meaning of the original Welsh-language name), is a yeast bread either enriched with dried fruit or made with self-raising flour (no yeast). It is traditionally flavoured with tea, dried fruits and mixed spices, and is served sliced and buttered at tea time. A decrease in its popularity led to supermarket Morrisons removing it from their shelves in 2006, and a year later a survey showed that 85% of teenagers in the UK had never tried it. It has been subsequently championed by celebrity chefs such as Bryn Williams. Several

"Biscuit (bread)"
Biscuit (bread) A biscuit in the United States and parts of Canada, is a variety of small baked goods with a firm browned crust and a soft interior. They are made with baking powder or baking soda as a chemical leavening agent rather than yeast. They are similar to British scones or the bannock from the Shetland Isles. Biscuits, soda breads, and cornbread, among others, are often referred to collectively as ""quick breads"", to indicate that they do not need time to rise before baking. Although the American English and British English use the same word to refer to two

with Manchester. Because of the nature of the product – having multiple components of cake, chocolate covering and jam – special hardware accelerators were devised to allow rapid computer inspection of 20 products per second, taking place under four symmetrically placed lights. Although Jaffa cakes are usually orange flavour, limited edition flavours have been available, such as lemon-and-lime, strawberry and blackcurrant. In the United Kingdom, value added tax is payable on chocolate-covered biscuits, but not on chocolate-covered cakes. McVities defended its classification of Jaffa Cakes as cakes at a VAT tribunal in 1991, against the ruling that Jaffa cakes were

well). The amount of each ingredient will vary for each recipe much the general concept is the same for these simple baked goods. Biscuit (bread) A biscuit in the United States and parts of Canada, is a variety of small baked goods with a firm browned crust and a soft interior. They are made with baking powder or baking soda as a chemical leavening agent rather than yeast. They are similar to British scones or the bannock from the Shetland Isles. Biscuits, soda breads, and cornbread, among others, are often referred to collectively as ""quick breads"", to indicate that they

biscuits can even be cooked over a campfire on a stick. A sweet biscuit layered or topped with fruit (typically strawberries), juice-based syrup, and cream is called shortcake. A type of biscuit called an ""angel biscuit"" contains yeast as well, as do those made with a sourdough starter. While there are many different ways to prepare and top biscuits, the ingredients from recipe to recipe are generally the same. Most recipes will call for all-purpose flour, baking powder, salt, either milk or buttermilk, and either butter or shortening (about half will also call for a small amount of sugar as

what's the difference between salisbury steak and hamburger steak

"Salisbury steak"
Salisbury steak Salisbury steak is a dish made from a blend of ground beef and other ingredients and is usually served with gravy or brown sauce. Hamburg steak is a similar product but differs in ingredients. The term ""Salisbury steak"" has been in use in the United States since 1897. The dish is named after an American physician, James H. Salisbury (1823–1905). The dish is popular in the United States, where it is traditionally served with gravy and mashed potatoes or pasta. The USDA standards for processed, packaged ""Salisbury steak"" require a minimum content of 65% meat, of which up

to 25% can be pork, except if de-fatted beef or pork is used, the limit is 12% combined. No more than 30% may be fat. Meat byproducts are not permitted; however, beef heart meat is allowed. Extender (bread crumbs, flour, oat flakes, etc.) content is limited to 12%, except isolated soy protein at 6.8% is considered equivalent to 12% of the others. The remainder consists of seasonings, fungi or vegetables (onion, bell pepper, mushroom or the like), binders (can include egg) and liquids (such as water, milk, cream, skim milk, buttermilk, brine, vinegar etc.). The product must be fully cooked,

garlic, and a binder (eggs and breadcrumbs soaked in milk), divided into oval-shaped patties, lightly breaded and shallow-fried in a half-inch of vegetable oil. The transliterated Japanese dish, ""menchi katsu"", is always deep-fried and heavily breaded, being essentially a mincemeat croquette, while the Russian version is always shallow-fried. Grillsteaks are a similar product sold in the UK. Salisbury steak Salisbury steak is a dish made from a blend of ground beef and other ingredients and is usually served with gravy or brown sauce. Hamburg steak is a similar product but differs in ingredients. The term ""Salisbury steak"" has been in

or else labeled ""Patties for Salisbury Steak"". The standards for hamburger limit the meat to beef only, and of skeletal origin only. Salt, seasonings and vegetables in condimental proportions can be used, but liquids, binders and/or extenders preclude the use of the term ""hamburger"" or ""burger"". With these added, the product is considered ""beef patties"". Products not made in USDA-inspected establishments are not bound by these standards and may be bound by other standards which vary from country to country. Hamburg steak is a very similar dish. In Sweden, ""Pannbiff"" is similar to a Salisbury steak and is often made

"James Salisbury"
and fats to one-third of the diet. The Salisbury steak, his means of achieving this goal, is ground beef flavored with onion and seasoning and then deep-fried or boiled and covered with gravy or brown sauce. It was introduced in 1888. Salisbury saw beef as an excellent defense against many different physical problems. He suggested that Salisbury steak should be eaten three times a day, with lots of hot water to cleanse the digestive system. He was an early American proponent of a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss, and he promoted his diet for that purpose. His diet became known

by a mix of ground pork and beef, chopped onions, salt and pepper. It is served with boiled potatoes, gravy made from cream, caramelized onions and lingonberries. It is a very traditional dish that is common in the husman cuisine. Minced cutlet (котлета рубленая, ""kotleta rublenaya""), or, since the late 19th century, simply ""cutlet"", is a staple of Russian cuisine. It is similar to a Salisbury steak, with the main difference being pure beef is rarely employed, usually pork or a beef-pork mixture is used. The meat is seasoned with salt and pepper, mixed with finely chopped onion (optionally fried),

"T-bone steak"
T-bone steak The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries and Ireland). Both steaks include a ""T""-shaped bone with meat on each side. Porterhouse steaks are cut from the rear end of the short loin and thus include more tenderloin steak, along with (on the other side of the bone) a large strip steak. T-bone steaks are cut closer to the front, and contain a smaller section of tenderloin. The smaller portion of a T-bone, when sold alone, is known as a filet mignon, especially if it's cut from

"Steak and kidney pie"
Steak and kidney pie Steak and kidney pie is a savoury pie that is filled principally with a mixture of diced beef, diced kidney (often of beef, lamb, or pork), fried onion, and brown gravy. Steak and kidney pie is a representative dish of British cuisine. The gravy typically consists of salted beef broth flavoured with Worcestershire sauce and black pepper, and thickened with refined flour, ""beurre manié"", or corn starch. The gravy may also contain ale or stout. Hot water crust pastry, puff pastry, and shortcrust pastry are among the pastry crusts prepared for steak and kidney pie. Among

of beef (the short loin and the tenderloin), T-bone steaks are generally considered one of the highest quality steaks, and prices at steakhouses are accordingly high. Porterhouse steaks are even more highly valued owing to their larger tenderloin. In the United States, the T-bone has the meat-cutting classification IMPS 1174; the porterhouse is IMPS 1173. In British usage, followed in the Commonwealth countries, ""porterhouse"" often means a British sirloin steak (i.e. US strip steak) on the bone, i.e. without the tenderloin on the other side of T-bone. However, nowadays some British on-line butchers also offer American style porterhouse steaks. In

more economical cuts of beef. In the United Kingdom, this part is commonly referred to as ""braising steak"". It is particularly popular for use as ground beef, due to its richness of flavor and balance of meat and fat. Other boneless chuck cuts include the chuck eye (boneless cuts from the center of the roll, sold as mock tender steak or chuck tender steak), chuck fillet (sold as chuck eye steak and chuck tender steak,) cross-rib roast (sold as cross-rib pot roast, English roast, or ""the bread and butter cut""), top blade steak or chicken steak, under blade steak, shoulder

"History of chocolate"
by pre-Olmec peoples as early as 1750 BC. On the Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico, a Mokayanan archaeological site provides evidence of cacao beverages dating even earlier, to 1900 BC. Pueblo people, who lived in an area that is now the U.S. Southwest, imported cacao from Mesoamerican cultures in southern Mexico or Central America between 900 and 1400. They used it in a common beverage consumed by everyone in their society. Nature Ecology & Evolution reported probably the earliest cacao use from approximately 5,300 years ago recovered from the Santa Ana (La Florida) site in southeast Ecuador. Another find of

History of chocolate The ""history of chocolate"" begins in Mesoamerica. Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 350 BC. The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency. Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree. It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength. Today, such drinks are also known as ""Chilate"" and are made by locals in

"History of chocolate in Spain"
established in Asia. Following the success of that first voyage to the New World, others were organised with the intention of exploring and creating new trade routes. On his fourth voyage, Columbus, in 1502, met an unexpected storm and was forced to temporarily land on 15 August on the Bay Islands. In their first explorations of the area, Columbus' group came upon a boat of Mayan origin travelling from the Yucatán Peninsula. The Spaniards were surprised by the large size of the vessel. Columbus detained the vessel and examined the cargo, which contained cocoa beans that he called ""almonds"" in

History of chocolate in Spain The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present. After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast. The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s. However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a

consumed by the Spanish colonisers from the chocolate consumed by the natives. The same pattern occurs in other foods enjoyed at the time by the natives and Spanish. although none of those had an acceptance and a global demand in proportion similar to that of chocolate. The navigator Christopher Columbus, with the economic backing of the Catholic Monarchs, first reached the shores of the New World on 12 October 1492, initially believing that he had reached India. This voyage was carried out to expand markets by establishing new trade routes and therefore rival the Portuguese Empire, which was already well

the South of Mexico. After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people. In the 20th century, chocolate was considered essential in the rations of United States soldiers at war. The word ""chocolate"" comes from the Classical Nahuatl word ""chocolātl"", and entered the English language from the Spanish language. Cultivation, consumption, and cultural use of cacao were extensive in Mesoamerica where the cacao tree is native. When pollinated, the seed of the cacao tree eventually forms a kind

Chocolate
peoples. Christopher Columbus and his son Ferdinand encountered the cacao bean on Columbus's fourth mission to the Americas on 15 August 1502, when he and his crew seized a large native canoe that proved to contain cacao beans among other goods for trade. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés may have been the first European to encounter it, as the frothy drink was part of the after-dinner routine of Montezuma. Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, wrote of its growing influence on the Spaniards: Loathsome to such as are

which Mesoamerican culture first domesticated the cacao tree, the use of the fermented bean in a drink seems to have arisen in North America (Mesoamerica—Central America and Mexico). Scientists have been able to confirm its presence in vessels around the world by evaluating the ""chemical footprint"" detectable in the microsamples of contents that remain. Ceramic vessel with residues from the preparation of chocolate beverages have been found at archaeological sites dating back to the Early Formative (1900–900 BC) period. For example, one such vessel found at an Olmec archaeological site on the Gulf Coast of Veracruz, Mexico dates chocolate's preparation

Chocolate
Chocolate Chocolate is a usually sweet, brown food preparation of roasted and ground cacao seeds. It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods. The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating to 1900 BC. The majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs. Indeed, the word ""chocolate"" is derived from the Classical Nahuatl word ""chocolātl."" The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the

New World, who generally drank it cold or at room temperature. The third change was the addition of spices from the Old World like cinnamon, ground black pepper or aniseed. The Aztec language, Nahuatl, was difficult for the Spanish troops stationed in Mexico to pronounce. The common ending ""tl"" sounded like ""te."" Hernán Cortés' difficulties with the language was evident in the letters he sent, where he writes ""Temistitan"" instead of Tenochtitlan and the tribal god Huitzilopochtli as ""Huichilobos."" Coexistence between the two cultures led to the Spanish language borrowing certain Mesoamerican phrases or words such as coyote or maiz.

who received the most (but not a majority of) electoral votes in 1824

"1824 United States elections"
whom were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. The Democratic-Republicans had largely been successful in fielding only one presidential candidate in previous elections (except in 1812), but the breakdown of the congressional nominating caucus and a lack of meaningful opposition from the Federalists allowed for a multi-candidate field. Senator Andrew Jackson from Tennessee, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Secretary of the Treasury William Crawford, and Speaker of the House Henry Clay all received electoral votes. With no candidate receiving a majority of the electoral vote, the House chose among the three candidates (Jackson, Adams, and Crawford) with the most electoral

"1824 United States presidential election"
his running-mate, Nathan Sanford actually finished second behind Calhoun in the vice presidential vote, mostly because nearly half of the electors pledged to Crawford voted for candidates other than his designated running-mate, Nathaniel Macon, with New York senator Martin Van Buren being the main beneficiary. Since no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the presidential election was thrown into a contingent election in the U.S. House of Representatives. Following the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, only the top three candidates in the electoral vote were admitted as candidates in the House: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William

Harris Crawford. Henry Clay, who happened to be Speaker of the House at the time, was left out. Clay detested Jackson and had said of him, ""I cannot believe that killing 2,500 Englishmen at New Orleans qualifies for the various, difficult, and complicated duties of the Chief Magistracy."" Moreover, Clay's American System was far closer to Adams' position on tariffs and internal improvements than Jackson's or Crawford's, so Clay threw his support to Adams. Thus Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, on the first ballot, with 13 states, followed by Jackson with 7, and Crawford with 4. Adams'

votes. Although Jackson won a plurality of electoral and popular votes, the House elected Adams as President. Despite the chaos in the presidential election, John C. Calhoun won the vice presidency with a majority of electoral votes. The 1824 presidential election was the only time that the House elected the president under the terms of the Twelfth Amendment, and the only time that the winner of the most electoral votes did not win the presidency. Adams's victory ended the Virginia dynasty of presidents, but continued the trend of the incumbent secretary of state winning election as president. In the House,

In the election, Adams won New England, Jackson and Adams split the mid-Atlantic states, Jackson and Clay split the Western states, and Jackson and Crawford split the Southern states. Jackson finished with a plurality of the electoral and popular vote, while the other three candidates each finished with a significant share of the electoral and popular vote. Calhoun, who supported Jackson, also became the ""de facto"" running mate of Adams and as such was elected with a comfortable majority of the vice presidential vote in the Electoral College. However, no one had won a majority of the presidential electoral vote,

and the 1824 election thus became the first (and, so far, only) election to be decided in the House of Representatives under the terms of the 12th Amendment. The 12th Amendment specified that only the three top finishers in the electoral vote were eligible to be selected by the House, thus eliminating Clay, who was influential within that chamber. In the contingent election, Clay threw his support behind Adams, who shared many of his positions on the major issues. With Clay's backing, Adams won the contingent election on the first ballot. After Adams took office, he appointed Clay as Secretary

popular vote. Prior to the election, the Democratic-Republican Party had won six consecutive presidential elections, and by 1824 the opposition Federalist Party had collapsed as a national party. Secretary of State Adams, General Andrew Jackson, Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford, and Speaker of the House Henry Clay all sought the presidency as members of the Democratic-Republican Party. A fifth candidate, John C. Calhoun, also sought the presidency before dropping out to run for vice president. The 1824 Democratic-Republican congressional nominating caucus nominated Crawford for president, but the other candidates disregarded this nomination and continued to seek the presidency.

speak on their behalf. The 1824 presidential election marked the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework. Considering the large numbers of candidates and strong regional preferences, it is not surprising that the results of the election of 1824 were inconclusive. The electoral map confirmed the candidates' sectional support, with Adams winning outright in the New England states, Jackson gleaning success in states throughout the nation, Clay attracting votes from the West, and Crawford attracting votes from the eastern South. Andrew Jackson received more electoral and popular votes than any other candidate, but not the majority of 131 electoral votes

created by the effects of a stroke he suffered in 1823. Among other candidates, John Quincy Adams had more support than Henry Clay because of his huge popularity among the old Federalist voters in New England. By this time, even the traditionally Federalist Adams family had come to terms with the Democratic-Republican Party. The election was as much a contest of favorite sons as it was a conflict over policy, although positions on tariffs and internal improvements did create some significant disagreements. In general, the candidates were favored by different sections of the country: Adams was strong in the Northeast;

factional animosities. Rather than produce political harmony, as President James Monroe had hoped, amalgamation had led to intense rivalries among Republicans. Bereft of any party apparatus to contain these outbursts, Monroe attempted to enlist the leading statesmen of his day into his cabinet so as to commit them to advancing his policies. Of the five politicians who would run for president in 1824, three were in Monroe's cabinet: Secretary of State John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford of Georgia, and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee,

"Corneal epithelium"
Corneal epithelium The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It acts as a barrier to protect the cornea, resisting the free flow of fluids from the tears, and prevents bacteria from entering the epithelium and corneal stroma. The corneal epithelium consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar, known as basal cells. Then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, commonly known as wing cells. The majority of these are prickle cells, similar to those found in the stratum mucosum

Dermis
Dermis The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch

LASIK procedures. This complication is not present in PRK or other non-flap vision correction procedures. Corneal epithelium The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It acts as a barrier to protect the cornea, resisting the free flow of fluids from the tears, and prevents bacteria from entering the epithelium and corneal stroma. The corneal epithelium consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar, known as basal cells. Then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, commonly known as wing cells.

the epidermis, called the ""papillary region"", and a deep thicker area known as the ""reticular region"". The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. It is named for its fingerlike projections called ""papillae"", that extend toward the epidermis. The papillae provide the dermis with a ""bumpy"" surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin. In the palms, fingers, soles, and toes, the influence of the papillae projecting into the epidermis forms contours in the skin's surface. These epidermal ridges occur in patterns (""see:"" fingerprint) that are genetically and epigenetically determined and

Skin
due to their influence over the lumen (space inside the tube) of the duct with dilation and constriction functions during secretions. The cells are found radially around the duct and provide a distinct attachment site for muscle fibers around the gland's body. The gland alveolus is a sac that is divided into three specific regions/layers. The outer layer or tunica fibrosa is composed of densely packed connective-tissue which connects with fibers from the spongy intermediate layer where elastic fibers as well as nerves reside. The nerves send signals to the muscles as well as the epithelial layers. Lastly, the epithelium

"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"
Not Going"", often considered the show's signature tune, describe Effie's love for Curtis, both strongly devoted and defiant. She refuses to let Curtis leave her behind, and boldly proclaims to him, ""I'm staying and you ... you're gonna love me."" In addition to its presence in the musical, ""And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"" is also notable as the debut single of two women who portrayed Effie. Jennifer Holliday originated the role on Broadway in 1981 and won a Tony Award for her performance as well as the Grammy for Best R&B Performance, Female for its re-release in

"Elton Britt"
Elton Britt Elton Britt (born James Elton Baker; June 27, 1913 – June 22, 1972) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and musician. Britt was born James Elton Baker on June 27, 1913 in Marshall, Arkansas. His father was James Baker, and he had two sisters, Gretta Sanders and Druse Baker, and a brother Arl Baker. Britt recorded over 600 sides and 60 albums for RCA and other labels in more than a 30-year span, and is best known for such hit songs (several of which he wrote or co-wrote) as ""Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)"", ""Detour"",

"Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)"
Mills Brothers was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24694. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on August 12, 1949 and lasted 15 weeks on the chart, peaking at #8. A version by Jodie Sands barely made the Top 100 chart in 1958, reaching #95, but did better in the United Kingdom, where it spent 10 weeks on the charts, peaking at #14. Singer Della Reese released a rendition of the song in 1960, and it peaked at number #56 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, and #31 on Cash Box's best-selling chart. American country artist

"Jennifer Holliday"
Jennifer Holliday Jennifer Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960) is an American singer and actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as ""Dreamgirls"" (1981–83), ""Your Arms Too Short to Box with God"" (1980–81) and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the ""Dreamgirls"" number and rhythm-and-blues/pop hit, ""And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"", for which she won a Grammy in 1983. She also won a 1982 Tony Award for ""Dreamgirls"". Holliday landed her first big role on Broadway in 1979 at age 19, the same day she auditioned

1982 for which it became a number-one R&B hit for Holliday. Jennifer Hudson portrayed Effie in the 2006 film adaptation of ""Dreamgirls"", winning an Oscar for the role. Hudson's version became a Top 20 R&B single, and a number-one dance hit. In 1982, Jennifer Holliday, the actress who portrayed Effie in the original Broadway production, released the song as a single. It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the ""Billboard"" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy

"I'll Be Your Sweetheart"
the printing presses of the pirates, resulting in a large brawl where Bob and his allies are victorious. Bob and Edie decide to get married. Bob and Jim bury the hatchet as the copyright bill is passed. The film was based on the real life copyright battles of Abbott and Preston in the early 1900s. Val Guest, the writer-director, was familiar with these struggles having been a former songwriter. Margaret Lockwood's singing voice was dubbed by Maudie Edwards. Vic Oliver was billed above the title, just below Margaret Lockwood. However his role was fairly minor. It was the first major

I'll Be Your Sweetheart I'll Be Your Sweetheart is a 1945 British historical musical film directed by Val Guest and starring Margaret Lockwood, Vic Oliver and Michael Rennie. It was the first and only musical film produced by Gainsborough Studios. Commissioned by the British Ministry of Information, it was set at the beginning of the 20th century, and was about the composers of popular music hall songs fighting for a new copyright law that will protect them from having their songs stolen. Copyright scholar Adrian Johns has called the film ""propaganda"" and ""a one-dimensional account of the piracy crisis [about

And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going ""And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"" (also known in short as just ""And I Am Telling You"") is a torch song from the Broadway musical ""Dreamgirls"", with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger. In the context of the musical, ""And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"" is sung by the character Effie White, a singer with the girl group The Dreams, to her manager, Curtis Taylor Jr., whose romantic and professional relationship with Effie is quickly ending. The lyrics to ""And I Am Telling You I'm

"Kendra Spotswood"
Kendra Spotswood Kendra Spotswood is an American soul singer and is considered to be one of the most underrated singers of the girl group era. She is known best for her collaboration with Van McCoy, her membership of The Shirelles and her song ""You're Gonna Make Me Love You"" a favorite on the UK Northern soul scene, which she recorded under the name Sandi Sheldon. Aged 18 in 1963, she made her professional debut singing backup with the Four Buddies' fronted by Van McCoy on their song ""Lonely Summer"". Recording on the Philips label as Kenni Woods her solo debut,

Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You) ""Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)"" is a popular song. It was written by Jimmie Hodges and published in 1944. The song has become a standard, recorded by many pop and country music singers. Elton Britt's 1946 version peaked at #2 on the country charts. The recording by Vaughn Monroe was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-3510 (78rpm) and 47-2986. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on July 29, 1949 and lasted eighteen weeks on the chart, spending two weeks at #1. The recording by The

"What a Wonderful World"
What a Wonderful World ""What a Wonderful World"" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as ""George Douglas"") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom. Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer). Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management. One source claims the

"Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song)"
Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song) ""Wonderful World"" (occasionally referred to as ""(What A) Wonderful World"") is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Released on April 14, 1960, by Keen Records, it had been recorded during an impromptu session the previous year, Cooke's last recording session at Keen. He signed with RCA Victor in 1960 and ""Wonderful World,"" then unreleased, was issued as a single in competition. The song was mainly composed by songwriting team Lou Adler and Herb Alpert, but Cooke revised the lyrics to mention the subject of education more. ""Wonderful World"" ended up doing substantially better on

250,000 copies. In a 2005 poll by the UK's Channel Four the song was voted the 19th-greatest song ever to feature in a commercial. Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song) ""Wonderful World"" (occasionally referred to as ""(What A) Wonderful World"") is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Released on April 14, 1960, by Keen Records, it had been recorded during an impromptu session the previous year, Cooke's last recording session at Keen. He signed with RCA Victor in 1960 and ""Wonderful World,"" then unreleased, was issued as a single in competition. The song was mainly composed by songwriting team Lou

the song peaked at number 19 in Sweden and was a minor hit in Walloon Belgium. When the song reached number one in the UK, Melua thanked everyone who bought the single, saying, ""Thank you to everyone who has shown such festive goodwill."" The duet was later included on her 2008 compilation album ""The Katie Melua Collection"". What a Wonderful World ""What a Wonderful World"" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as ""George Douglas"") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in

was a major success in the United Kingdom, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, the song hit No. 16 on the ""Billboard"" Bubbling Under Chart. It was also the biggest-selling single of 1968 in the UK where it was among the last pop singles issued by HMV Records before becoming an exclusive classical music label. The song made Louis Armstrong the oldest male to top the UK Singles Chart. Armstrong's record was broken in 2009 when a remake of ""Islands in the Stream"" recorded for Comic Relief—which included the 68-year-old Tom Jones—reached number one

2014, Louis Armstrong's 1967 recording had sold 2,173,000 downloads in the United States after it was released digitally. In 2007, Georgian-British singer-songwriter Katie Melua recorded a version of the song with American singer and guitarist Eva Cassidy, who had passed away in 1996. Recorded by Melua singing over the original Cassidy track, the duet was released in late 2007 as a charity single for the British Red Cross. Melua, who considers Cassidy one of her musical idols, had previously sung with Cassidy in this manner on Christmas Eve 2006, when she performed ""Over the Rainbow"" on the BBC One television

level of popularity. In 1978, it was featured in the closing scenes of BBC radio's cult hit, ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"", and was repeated for BBC's 1981 TV adaptation of the series. In 1988, Armstrong's recording appeared in the film ""Good Morning, Vietnam"" (despite the film being set in 1965 — two years before it was recorded) and was re-released as a single, hitting No. 32 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in February 1988. The single charted at number one for the fortnight ending June 27, 1988 on the Australian chart. It is also the closing song

"Ralph's World"
the early 2000s. Ralph's World Ralph's World is a children's music group created by Ralph Covert. Covert, previously of Chicago-based indie-rock group The Bad Examples, uses high rock and roll energy with kid-friendly lyrics. Ralph's World's ""Green Gorilla, Monster and Me!"" was nominated for Best Musical Album for Children, at the 48th Grammy Awards. A collection of lyrics and artwork titled ""Ralph's World Rocks"" was released in August, 2008 from Henry Holt Books for Young Readers. ""At The Bottom Of The Sea"" is likely the most well known song by Ralph's World, due to it being included on RCA Lyra

Ralph's World Ralph's World is a children's music group created by Ralph Covert. Covert, previously of Chicago-based indie-rock group The Bad Examples, uses high rock and roll energy with kid-friendly lyrics. Ralph's World's ""Green Gorilla, Monster and Me!"" was nominated for Best Musical Album for Children, at the 48th Grammy Awards. A collection of lyrics and artwork titled ""Ralph's World Rocks"" was released in August, 2008 from Henry Holt Books for Young Readers. ""At The Bottom Of The Sea"" is likely the most well known song by Ralph's World, due to it being included on RCA Lyra mp3 players in

"Wonderful (The Beach Boys song)"
Wonderful (The Beach Boys song) ""Wonderful"" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks for American rock band The Beach Boys. It was released on their 1967 album ""Smiley Smile"", but was attempted earlier for the ""Smile"" sessions. Wilson claims that he and Parks wrote the song along with ""Heroes and Villains"" ""Cabin Essence"" and ""Surf's Up"" in a giant sandbox with a piano in it that Wilson had moved into his living room. When released on ""Smiley Smile"", Parks' credit was omitted. The song has since been covered by a variety of artists. The song's title

"Name reaction"
Name reaction A name reaction is a chemical reaction named after its discoverers or developers. Among the tens of thousands of organic reactions that are known, hundreds of such reactions are well-known enough to be named after people. Well-known examples include the Grignard reaction, the Sabatier reaction, the Wittig reaction, the Claisen condensation, the Friedel-Crafts acylation, and the Diels-Alder reaction. Books have been published devoted exclusively to name reactions; the Merck Index, a chemical encyclopedia, also includes an appendix on name reactions. As organic chemistry developed during the 20th century, chemists started associating synthetically useful reactions with the names of

"Suffix (name)"
Suffix (name) A name suffix, in the Western English-language naming tradition, follows a person's full name and provides additional information about the person. Post-nominal letters indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, or honor (e.g. ""PhD"", ""CCNA"", ""OBE""). Other examples include generational designations like ""Sr."" and ""Jr."" (or often ""Snr"" and ""Jnr"" in British English) and ""III"", and legal ones such as ""Estate"" and (French) """". Academic suffixes indicate the degree earned at a college or university. These include the bachelor's degree (A.B, B.A., B.A., Hons, B.S., B.E., B.F.A., B.Tech., L.L.B, B.Sc., etc.), the master's degree

Aza-
Aza- The prefix aza- is used in organic chemistry to form names of organic compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom. The related term ""deaza-"" refers to when a nitrogen is removed and, usually, a carbon atom is put in its place. Sometimes a number between hyphens is inserted before it to state which atom the nitrogen atom replaces. It arose by shortening the word azote, which is an obsolete name for nitrogen in the English language and occurs in current French usage (L'azote), meaning ""Nitrogen"". This prefix is part of the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. While the

the discoverers or developers; in many cases, the name is merely a mnemonic. Some cases of reactions that were not really discovered by their namesakes are known. Examples include the Pummerer rearrangement, the Pinnick oxidation and the Birch reduction. Although systematic approaches for naming reactions based on the reaction mechanism or the overall transformation exist (such as the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations), the more descriptive names are often unwieldy or not specific enough, so people names are often more practical for efficient communication. Name reaction A name reaction is a chemical reaction named after its discoverers or developers. Among the

Enzyme
in 1965. This high-resolution structure of lysozyme marked the beginning of the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail. An enzyme's name is often derived from its substrate or the chemical reaction it catalyzes, with the word ending in ""-ase"". Examples are lactase, alcohol dehydrogenase and DNA polymerase. Different enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction are called isozymes. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have developed a nomenclature for enzymes, the EC numbers; each enzyme is described by a sequence of four numbers preceded by ""EC"",

-ine
it appears in and the accent of the speaker. In a few words (for example, ""quinine"" and ""strychnine""), the sound is normal in some accents. ""Gasoline"" ends with ; ""glycerine"" more often with than with . The suffix ""-in"" () is etymologically related and overlaps in usage with ""-ine"". Many proteins and lipids have names ending with ""-in"": for example, the enzymes pepsin and trypsin, the hormones insulin and gastrin, and the lipids stearin (stearine) and olein. -ine -ine is a suffix used in chemistry to denote two kinds of substance. The first is a chemically basic and alkaloidal substance.

"Autonym (botany)"
Autonym (botany) In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the ""International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"" that are created for certain subdivisions of genera and species, those that include the type of the genus or species. An autonym might not be mentioned in the publication that creates it as a side-effect. Autonyms ""repeat unaltered"" the genus name or species epithet of the taxon being subdivided, and no other name for that same subdivision is validly published (article 22.2). For example, ""Rubus"" subgenus ""Eubatus"" is not validly published, and the subgenus is known as

"Functional group"
parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic nomenclature for naming organic compounds. In traditional nomenclature, the first carbon atom after the carbon that attaches to the functional group is called the alpha carbon; the second, beta carbon, the third, gamma carbon, etc. If there is another functional group at a carbon, it may be named with the Greek letter, e.g., the gamma-amine in gamma-aminobutyric acid is on the third carbon of the carbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. IUPAC conventions call for numeric labeling of the position, e.g. 4-aminobutanoic acid. In traditional names various qualifiers are used

"Botanical name"
followed by a cultivar name, is often used when the parentage of a particular hybrid cultivar is not relevant in the context, or is uncertain. Botanical name A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ""International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"" (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the ""International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"" (ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers ""all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and

is derived."" As an autonym is automatically created (without an author being involved), no author citation follows the name. Autonym (botany) In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the ""International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"" that are created for certain subdivisions of genera and species, those that include the type of the genus or species. An autonym might not be mentioned in the publication that creates it as a side-effect. Autonyms ""repeat unaltered"" the genus name or species epithet of the taxon being subdivided, and no other name for that same subdivision is

"Chamber of commerce"
Chamber of commerce A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community. Local businesses are members, and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber. The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing appropriate to size, to run the organization. The first chamber of commerce was founded in

Chambers of Commerce are a source of private sector information. The information is usually gathered by surveying Chamber members. The British Chambers of Commerce Quarterly Economic Survey is an example of a Chambers of Commerce survey that is used by official governmental departments as a guide to the performance of the economy. Chamber of commerce A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of

in the same manner as the Better Business Bureau in that, while the BBB has the authority to bind its members under a formal operation doctrine (and, thus, can remove them if complaints arise regarding their services), the local chamber membership is either voluntary or required by law. In addition, Chambers represent the interests of businesses, while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public. Some Chambers are partially funded by local government, others are non-profit, and some are a combination of the two. Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups (though

operating separately, rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber. Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community, city, regional, state, or nationwide (United States Chamber of Commerce). City Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks, which can result in a business-to-business exchange. In most cases, city Chambers work with their local government, such as their mayor, their city council and local representatives to develop pro-business initiatives. There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business environments of two countries (e.g. Romanian-American

"International Chamber of Commerce"
International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: ""Chambre de commerce internationale"") is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its 6 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise. ICC has three main activities: rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy. Because its member companies and associations are themselves engaged in international business, ICC has unrivalled authority in making rules that govern the conduct of business across borders. Although these rules are voluntary, they are observed in countless thousands of transactions every day and have become part of

"United States Chamber of Commerce"
and economy. The Chamber's first referendum in January 1913 called for the planning of a National Budget. This calling for a National Budget created The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. From there, the Chamber made great strides to help our country during the World War and through the Great Depression. During the 1960s, the Chamber thought of the business community in a different way. They didn't have a World War to fight, however, a war against crime and poverty. During the oil crisis of 1973, the Chamber pushed for expanding domestic production. This entailed oil and gas exploration, as

chamber of commerce, has 350,000 member companies. Germany also has compulsory chambers for ""free occupations"" such as architects, dentists, engineers, lawyers, notaries, physicians and pharmacists. Under the private model, which exists in English-speaking countries like USA, Canada or the UK, but as well in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark, companies are not obligated to become chamber members. However, companies often become members to develop their business contacts and, regarding the local chambers (the most common level of organization), to demonstrate a commitment to the local economy. Though governments are not required to consult chambers on proposed laws, the chambers are

to their members, some of the resources offer personal and/or business services that may have a very low fee (Memberships to other association like the NRA etc.). Under the compulsory or public law model, enterprises of certain sizes, types, or sectors are obliged to become members of the chamber. This model is common in European Union countries (e.g. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria), as well as Japan. Main tasks of the chambers are foreign trade promotion, vocational training, regional economic development, and general services to their members. The chambers were given responsibilities of public administration in various fields by the

well as coal mining, and the Trans Alaska Pipeline. In 1981, the Chamber launched the Let's Rebuild America campaign to help support President Reagan's Economic Recovery and Tax Act. With increased globalization in the 1990s, the Chamber promoted expanding opportunities for the export of American goods and services in hopes of creating jobs for Americans. Although various chambers of commerce can work with all levels of government, they tend to concentrate their efforts on specific levels: Local chambers of commerce tend to focus on local issues, state chambers on state issues, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce focuses on national

Chamber of Commerce, Moldovan–American Chamber of Commerce). Community chambers of commerce started in the UK and later spread to in the US, becoming city chambers of commerce as communities developed and became larger. Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limit on numbers of members. City chambers of commerce have a long history in the US. The Charleston Chamber of Commerce is one of the oldest, dating back to colonial 1773. That same year, Boston's Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest: The Boston Tea Party. In 2005 there were 2,800 chambers of commerce in the

"The Best Years (film)"
The Best Years (film) The Best Years is a 2014 film by Danny Patrick, starring Martin Kemp, Enn Reitel, Matt Healy, Marc Pickering, Jason Gerard and Danny Ogle. Peace is declared in Northern Ireland after thirty years of troubles. The criminal empires that have existed during the troubles can no longer operate and are being shut down. George is released from prison and returns to his old working-class neighbourhood to resume his life and steer clear of trouble which includes his best friend Emmet. Nadine has also come back to Derry after many years away; she is the estranged daughter

"The Best Years of Our Lives"
department store where Fred Derry works. Sean Penn's father, Leo, played the uncredited part of the soldier working as the scheduling clerk at the beginning of the film. Teresa Wright was only thirteen years younger than her on-screen mother, played by Myrna Loy. Michael Hall, with his role as Fredric Marsh's on-screen son, is absent after the first one-third of the film. Director Wyler had flown combat missions over Europe in filming """" (1944) and worked hard to get accurate depictions of the combat veterans he had encountered. Wyler changed the original casting that had featured a veteran suffering from

of the resident crime boss Simon McKnight and also George's first love. When Emmet finds a bag of money belonging to a ruthless loyalist hit-man Giggles, George is compelled to help him one last time to return it. This step is too far and they are forced to enlist the help of a gang from the other side of the community. The Best Years (film) The Best Years is a 2014 film by Danny Patrick, starring Martin Kemp, Enn Reitel, Matt Healy, Marc Pickering, Jason Gerard and Danny Ogle. Peace is declared in Northern Ireland after thirty years of troubles.

"Middle School: The Worst Years of My Life (film)"
Kearin, Tom Kenny, Mike Matzdorf, Michael Rapaport, and Jacob Vargas. On August 4, 2015, it was announced that Steve Carr would direct the film adaptation of James Patterson's 2011 novel """", with a script written by Chris Bowman and Hubbel Palmer. Griffin Gluck would play the lead role, Rafe Khatchadorian, a student at Hills Village Middle School. Leopoldo Gout and Bill Robinson were set to produce the film, along with CBS Films, which handles international sales, with Lionsgate handling distribution. On November 12, 2015, more cast were announced for the film, whose script was also written by Kara Holden; it

write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, ""Glory for Me"", which Kantor wrote in blank verse. Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay. ""The Best Years of Our Lives"" won seven Academy Awards in 1946, including Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March), Best Supporting Actor (Harold Russell), Best Film Editing (Daniel Mandell), Best Adapted Screenplay (Robert E. Sherwood), and Best Original Score (Hugo Friedhofer). In addition to its critical success, the film quickly became a great commercial success upon release. It became the highest-grossing film and most attended film

walking among aircraft ruins was filmed at the Ontario Army Air Field in Ontario, California. The former training facility had been converted into a scrap yard, housing nearly 2,000 former combat aircraft in various states of disassembly and reclamation. Upon its release, ""The Best Years of Our Lives"" received extremely positive reviews from critics. Shortly after its premiere at the Astor Theater, New York, Bosley Crowther, film critic for ""The New York Times,"" hailed the film as a masterpiece. He wrote, Several decades later, film critic David Thomson offered tempered praise: ""I would concede that ""Best Years"" is decent and

posttraumatic stress disorder and sought out Harold Russell, a non-actor to take on the exacting role of Homer Parrish. For ""The Best Years of Our Lives"", he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes, in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling. Other Wyler touches included constructing life-size sets, which went against the standard larger sets that were more suited to camera positions. The impact for the audience was immediate, as each scene played out in a realistic, natural way. Recounting the interrelated story of three veterans right after the end of World War

for them, that it could take years before they can get a life established. All the while Peggy smiles fondly at Fred, and then kisses him again. Casting brought together established stars as well as character actors and relative unknowns. The jazz drummer Gene Krupa was seen in archival footage, while Tennessee Ernie Ford, later a television star, appeared as an uncredited ""hillbilly singer"" (in the first of his only three film appearances). Blake Edwards, later a film producer and director, appeared fleetingly as an uncredited ""Corporal"". Wyler's daughters, Catherine and Judy, were cast as uncredited customers seen in the

The Best Years of Our Lives The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in ""Time"" about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to

Russell sold his Best Supporting Actor award at auction for $60,500 ($ today), to pay his wife's medical bills. 1947 Golden Globe Awards 1947 Brussels World Film Festival 1948 BAFTA Awards Other wins In 1989, the National Film Registry selected it for preservation in the United States Library of Congress as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."" American Film Institute included the film as #37 in its 1998 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies, as #11 in its 2006 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers, and as #37 in its 2007 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). On April 17, 1949,

the assassination of gianni versace american crime story season 2 episode 2

The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story is the second season of the FX true crime anthology television series ""American Crime Story"". The season premiered on January 17, 2018, and concluded on March 21, 2018. It consists of a total of 9 episodes, and explores the murder of designer Gianni Versace by spree killer Andrew Cunanan, based on Maureen Orth's book ""Vulgar Favors: Andrew Cunanan, Gianni Versace, and the Largest Failed Manhunt in U.S. History"". The series stars Édgar Ramírez, Darren Criss, Ricky Martin, and Penélope Cruz. The season received positive

principal photography of season 2 took place at the beginning of May 2017, in Miami. As revealed by Darren Criss via his Twitter account, shooting ended during the week of November 13. In September 2017, FX released the first promotional teaser for ""The Assassination of Gianni Versace"", showing doves sitting outside Versace's former mansion and flying away when two gunshots ring out. A second teaser was released that same month, depicting Versace's sister Donatella placing flowers on a casket. In October, a new teaser was released, depicting some police radio communications as a black clothes cover, with the name Versace

The second season of ""American Crime Story"" received generally positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season an approval rating of 88% based on 90 reviews, with an average rating of 7.09/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"The Assassination of Versace"" starts with a bang and unfurls slowly, moving backward through an intricate (and occasionally convoluted) murder mystery anchored by a career-defining performance from Darren Criss."" On Metacritic, the season has a score of 74 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews."" In January 2018, the Versace family released a statement criticizing

producer Ryan Murphy would be directing the season premiere. Following the airing of the 's finale in April 2016, it was revealed that series creators Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski would not be returning for the second season. In June 2017, it was announced that ""Katrina"" would not begin production until early 2018 and that ""Versace"" would air in early 2018, replacing ""Katrina"" as the show's official second installment. On October 2, 2017, ""American Horror Story"" veteran Matt Bomer was announced as the director of the eighth episode, making it his directorial debut. During its production, the working title of

see what happened; while a voice-over by Ricky Martin as D'Amico says that he was Gianni's partner and lover. The third one shows Donatella and Gianni hugging and watching themselves in front of a mirror, as the latter tells his sister that she would be Versace without him. The fourth one depicts a running sewing machine, which ends up having some issues and not being able to finish its work. On November 15, 2017, the first full trailer for the season was released via the Twitter account of the series. It shows some moments of Cunanan's unstable past and the

the season was ""American Crime Story: Versace/Cunanan"". In December 2017, after the first public screening, it was revealed that ""Versace"" would have nine episodes, despite being originally reported to consist of ten episodes. In February 2017, Édgar Ramírez and Darren Criss joined the cast of ""The Assassination of Gianni Versace"" as Gianni Versace and Andrew Cunanan, respectively. Murphy confirmed the reports announcing Lady Gaga would portray Donatella Versace in ""The Assassination of Gianni Versace"" were false; Penélope Cruz was later cast in the role. In April 2017, it was announced that Ricky Martin was joining the cast of ""The Assassination

on it, is being closed. The same month, a second teaser was released, showing Donatella kissing the stairs where Gianni was murdered, before entering in his mansion. On Halloween day, FX aired a new promotional video during a commercial break of the ninth episode of """", which announced that the season would premiere on January 17, 2018. In November 2017, four new teasers were released. The first one shows Versace relaxing next to his pool, as Cunanan comes out of it. The second one depicts D'Amico leaving Gianni's house, as he hears two gunshots (the unseen murder) and runs to

the series. They explained they have ""neither authorized nor had any involvement whatsoever"" in the production of the season, before adding that it ""should only be considered as a work of fiction."" Executive producer Ryan Murphy answered that the series was ""not a work of fiction"" as it is based on a non-fiction book, Maureen Orth's ""Vulgar Favors"", and that the production team and FX stand by the author and her work. Comparing it to """", Murphy added that the season is ""a work of non-fiction obviously with docudrama elements,"" and not a documentary. Following this answer, the Versace family

"The Assassin (The Borgias)"
The Assassin (The Borgias) ""The Assassin"" is the second episode of the Showtime-Bravo! series ""The Borgias"". It was written and directed by series creator Neil Jordan and originally aired on April 3, 2011, as the second half of a 2-hour premiere. The episode deals with the aftermath and investigation into the murder of Cardinal Orsini, and the beginning of Cardinal della Rovere's plot to depose Alexander VI. Immediately following the murder of Cardinal Orsini, Micheletto (Sean Harris) informs Cesare (François Arnaud) that there is also a plot against his family. They arrive at Cesare's home to save his mother and

when's the last time the philadelphia eagles played the new england patriots

who was the first indian to be appointed as a judge in the international court of justice

"Nagendra Singh"
Nagendra Singh Maharaj Sri Nagendra Singh (Dungarpur, 18 March 1914 – The Hague, 11 December 1988) was an Indian lawyer and administrator who served as President of the International Court of Justice from 1985 to 1988.He was one of the four judges from India to have been on the International Court of Justice in The Hague, the others being B. N. Rao (1952 - 1953), R S Pathak (1989 - 1991) the 18th Chief Justice of India and Dalveer Bhandari (2012 - ), former Justice of the Supreme Court of India. He is an alumnus of Mayo College, Ajmer and

"Dalveer Bhandari"
the Philippines. He was re-elected for a second term on 20 November 2017 after UK's nominee Christopher Greenwood withdrew his nomination Dalveer Bhandari Dalveer Bhandari (born 1 October 1947) is an Indian member of the International Court of Justice and was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. Dalveer Bhandari comes from an illustrious line of lawyers. Both his father, Mahaveer Chand Bhandari, and grandfather, B.C. Bhandari, were members of the Rajasthan bar. He acquired degrees in the humanities and law from Jodhpur University and practised in the Rajasthan High Court from 1968 to 1970. In June 1970, he

"Raghunandan Swarup Pathak"
Raghunandan Swarup Pathak Raghunandan Swarup Pathak (25 November 1924 – 17 November 2007) was the 18th Chief Justice of India. He was the son of Gopal Swarup Pathak, a former Vice President of India. He was one of the three judges from India to have been on the International Court of Justice in The Hague (the others being Benegal Narsing Rau who servedat ICJ during 1952 to 1953 Nagendra Singh who served as its President from 1985 to 1988 and former Supreme Court justice Dalveer Bhandari, who currently sits upon the World Court). He did his schooling from St. Joseph's

Mayo College, Ajmer, an elite boarding school in India with an immensely illustrious alumni. Singh was awarded the Kama award in 1938, and in 1973 he received the Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India. Nagendra Singh Maharaj Sri Nagendra Singh (Dungarpur, 18 March 1914 – The Hague, 11 December 1988) was an Indian lawyer and administrator who served as President of the International Court of Justice from 1985 to 1988.He was one of the four judges from India to have been on the International Court of Justice in The Hague, the others being B. N. Rao (1952 - 1953),

"Violet Alva"
and Violet Alva, the first Parliamentarian couple in history, was unveiled in Parliament. In 2008, the year of Violet's birth centenary, a stamp commemorating the couple was issued by the government of India. Violet Alva Violet Hari Alva (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha. Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in

"Fathima Beevi"
Fathima Beevi M. Fathima Beevi (born 30 April 1927) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Appointed to the tribunal in 1989, she became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme court of India, and the first Muslim woman to be appointed to any of the higher judiciaries in country. On her retirement from the court, she served as a member of the National Human Rights Commission and later as the Governor of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu from 1997 to 2001. Fathima Beevi was born on 30 April 1927 at Pathanamthitta,

"J. S. Verma"
J. S. Verma Jagdish Sharan Verma (18 January 1933 – 22 April 2013) was an Indian jurist who served as the 27th Chief Justice of India from 25 March 1997 to 18 January 1998. Thereafter he was the Chairman of National Human Rights Commission from 1999 to 2003, and Chairman of the Justice Verma Committee Report on Amendments to Criminal Law after the 2012 Delhi gang rape case. He remains one of India's most highly regarded Chief Justices and eminent jurists. He is known for his judicial innovation through landmark judgements, which made him ""the face of judicial activism"" in

"Anna Chandy"
Anna Chandy Justice Anna Chandy (1905-1996), also known as Anna Chandi, was the first female judge in India. She was also the first woman in India to become a High Court judge. In fact, she was the first woman judge in the Anglo-Saxon world, decades before Elizabeth Lane. Anna Chandy was born in 1905 and raised in Trivandrum. She was a Syrian Christian. After obtaining a post-graduate degree in 1926, she then became the first woman in her state to get a law degree. She practised as a barrister from 1929 while simultaneously promoting the cause of women's rights, most

"Rajinder Sachar"
Rajinder Sachar Rajindar Sachar (22 December 1923 – 20 April 2018) was an Indian lawyer and a former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. He was a member of United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and also served as a counsel for the People's Union for Civil Liberties. Sachar chaired the Sachar Committee, constituted by the Government of India, which submitted a report on the social, economic and educational status of Muslims in India. On 16 August 2011 Sachar was arrested in New Delhi during protests over the detention of Anna Hazare and his

"Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari"
Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari (Dr.C.S.Dharmadhikari) (born 20 November 1927 in Raipur, Madhya Pradesh, India is an Indian independence movement activist, a lawyer, a judge and an author. He was acting chief justice of Bombay High Court. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2003. He has authored many books in the Hindi, Marathi and Gujarati languages. Dharmadhikari was born to Damayanti Dharmadhikari and Acharya Dada Dharmadhikari. In his childhood biography Shashvat Shikshan Sampatti taken from ""Aathvanitil Shala Ani Shikshak"" from Jivan Shikshan, he mentions how he and other freedom fighter's children grew up like a ""Cactus"" meaning that they

"The Pardoner's Tale"
The Pardoner's Tale ""The Pardoner's Tale"" is one of ""The Canterbury Tales"" by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the order of the Tales, it comes after The Physician's Tale and before The Shipman's Tale; it is prompted by the Host's desire to hear something positive after that depressing tale. The Pardoner initiates his Prologue—briefly accounting his methods of conning people—and then proceeds to tell a moral tale. The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a

in Flanders at an indeterminate time, and opens with three young men drinking, gambling and blaspheming in a tavern. The Pardoner condemns each of these ""tavern sins"" in turn—gluttony, drinking, gambling, and swearing—with support from the Christian scriptures, before proceeding with the tale. The rioters hear a bell signalling a burial; their friend has been killed by a ""privee theef"" known as Death, who has also killed a thousand others. The men set out to avenge them and kill Death. An old man they brusquely query tells them that he has asked Death to take him but has failed. He

hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his ""theme"": ""Radix malorum est cupiditas"" (""Greed is the root of [all] evils""). In the order of ""The Canterbury Tales"", the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician's Tale. The Physician's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a ""churl [low fellow]"" to abduct a beautiful young woman; rather than allow her to be raped,

stab him upon his return. However, the one who leaves for town plots to kill the other two: he purchases rat poison and laces the wine. When he returns with the food and drink, the other two kill him and then consume the poisoned wine, dying slow and painful deaths. Having completed his tale, the Pardoner — forgetful of his remarks during the prologue — appeals for gold and silver so that the pilgrims may receive pardons for their sins. The Host responds that he would sooner cut off the Pardoner's testicles than kiss his relics. At this point the

can nonetheless preach so that others turn away from the vice and repent—though his ""principal entente"" is for personal gain. The Pardoner explains that he then offers many anecdotes to the ""lewed [ignorant, unlearned] people"". He scorns the thought of living in poverty while he preaches; he desires ""moneie, wolle [wool], chese, and whete"" and doesn't care whether it were from the poorest widow in the village, even should her children starve for famine. Yet, he concludes to the pilgrims, though he may be a ""ful vicious man"", he can tell a moral tale and proceeds. The tale is set

then says they can find death at the foot of an oak tree. When the men arrive at the tree, they find a large amount of gold coins and forget about their quest to kill Death. They decide to sleep at the oak tree overnight, so they can take the coins in the morning. The three men draw straws to see who among them should fetch wine and food while the other two wait under the tree. The youngest of the three men draws the shortest straw and departs; while he is away, the remaining two plot to overpower and

of St. Augustine of Hippo concerning the Donatist heresy of fourth and fifth century Northern Africa in which Augustine argued that a priest's ability to perform valid sacraments was not invalidated by his own sin. Thus, it is possible that with the Pardoner, Chaucer was criticising the administrative and economic practices of the Church while simultaneously affirming his support for its religious authority and dogma. In the General Prologue of the Tales, the Pardoner is introduced with these lines: <poem> With hym ther rood a gentil Pardoner Of Rouncivale, his freend and his compeer, That streight was comen fro the

boasts of his duping of his victims, for whom he has nothing but contempt. He says that his ""theme""—biblical text for a sermon—is ""Radix malorum est cupiditas"" (""Greed is the root of [all] evils"" 1 Timothy 6.10). He explains that his false credentials consist of official letters from high-ranking church officials and a superficial use of a few Latin words; then he will produce some ""relics"", and claim that among them is a bone which has miraculous powers when dipped into a well and a mitten for which: But he will warn that any person that ""hath doon synne horrible""

roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. One may compare this notion to the symbol and character of the Old Man in ""The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. ""The Pardoner's Tale"" finds itself widely debated among those in the literary world. The question of Chaucer's motivation in writing the tale, as well as potential social comments made within it, have been the subject of controversy concerning ""The Canterbury Tales"". Gregory W. Gross, as dictated in Modern Language Studies, concludes that The Pardoner finds himself publicly shamed by the Host's reprimand at the end

her father beheads her. The invitation for the Pardoner to tell a tale comes after the Host declares his dissatisfaction with the depressing tale, and declares: The Host then asks the Pardoner to ""telle us som mrythe or japes [joke, jest] right anon"". However, the pilgrims—aware of pardoners' notoriety for telling lewd tales and in anticipation of hearing something objectionable—voice their desire for no ribaldry, but instead want a moral tale. The prologue takes the form of a literary confession in the same manner as The Wife of Bath's Prologue. However, rather than an apology for his vices, the Pardoner

"Nykesha Sales"
before serious play commenced). UConn head coach Geno Auriemma felt bad that Sales did not already have the record, as he had made her sit on many occasions to avoid running up the score. The staged basket, while questioned in retrospect, was his attempt to make it up to her. He contacted the previous record holder, Kerry Bascom, as well as Big East Commissioner Mike Tranghese to ensure that the incident would not be a problem, although the media was, and to a degree continues to be, critical of the move. Sales' record would eventually be broken by Tina Charles.

"Lorri Bauman"
of my life."" In 2009, she was inducted into the Missouri Valley Conference Hall of Fame and was selected as an MVC Institutional Great. Lorri Bauman Lorri A. Bauman is a former American basketball player for the Drake Bulldogs. She was the first woman in NCAA history to score 3,000 points and at one time held the record for NCAA Division 1 women's basketball points scored in a career, since broken by Patricia Hoskins, Jackie Stiles and Kelsey Plum. Bauman began playing basketball at age 10 in a Salvation Army league. She gained notoriety while playing for Des Moines East

"Danny Heater"
Grinnell College. Danny Heater is now retired and lives in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia with his wife. Danny Heater Danny Heater (born 1942) is an American record holder for the highest single game scoring performance by one player in high school basketball history worldwide. On January 26, 1960, Heater, a then 17-year-old senior at Burnsville High School in Braxton County, West Virginia scored 135 points against Widen High School of Clay County. In the 32-minute game, Heater made 53 of 70 field goal attempts and 29 of 41 free throws. While Danny is best remembered for the controversial

"Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball"
kiosks. The 67,000-square-foot, three story facility features two practice courts, two locker rooms, two player lounges, a strength and conditioning area, coaches' offices, and meeting rooms. The Hoosiers currently have 52 players in their 1,000-point club. Calbert Cheaney is the all-time leading scorer at Indiana University with 2,613 points. Cheaney was able to reach the 1,000-point milestone in just 53 games, the 4th quickest Hoosier to do so. Others of honorable mention include Don Schlundt (43 games), Archie Dees (47 games), Walt Bellamy (50 games), Mike Woodson and Jimmy Rayl (54 games), Joe Cooke and Jay Edwards (55 games), Bracey

"Curtis Staples"
Curtis Staples Curtis Staples (born July 14, 1976) is a former American basketball player who played from 1994 to 1998 for the University of Virginia. He was a sophomore starter on Virginia Group AAA champion Patrick Henry High School in 1992. He is best known for holding the all-time NCAA record for career three-point field goals, at 413. His record stood for nearly eight years after his career ended until J. J. Redick of Duke University broke it on February 14, 2006. Staples had actually conducted a basketball clinic in Virginia which Redick attended as a pre-teen; Redick's rare shooting

"Bevo Francis"
Francis’s family currently resides in Ohio Bevo Francis Clarence ""Bevo"" Francis (September 4, 1932 – June 3, 2015) was an American basketball player. Born on his family's farm in Hammondsville, Ohio, he became one of the most prolific scorers in college basketball history during his career at Rio Grande College (now known as the University of Rio Grande), topping over 100 points on two occasions. Standing and known for his shooting touch, Francis held the NCAA record for points scored in a game from 1954–2012. In 1951, during his senior year in high school in Wellsville, Ohio, Francis scored 776

"Ken Mink"
Ken Mink Ken Paul Mink (born 1935) is an American who, at the age of 73, is believed to be the oldest person ever to score in a college basketball game. Mink sank two free throws for Roane State Community College (in Harriman, Tennessee) in their game against King College on November 3, 2008. Mink, a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, attended Lees College in Jackson, Kentucky, in the 1950s, where he played varsity basketball. In the fall of 1956, when he was a sophomore, he left the college. Mink says he left because he was expelled for a campus prank

"Steve Nisenson"
In 2002, Nisenson was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in New York. He was inducted into the Hofstra Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006. Hofstra also retired his jersey number (13), during the 2008–09 season. Steve Nisenson Steve H. Nisenson is an American former basketball player, who played the guard position. He set Hofstra University's all-time scoring record in basketball, which stood for 43 years. He also set the all-time national college season free-throw record in 1964, becoming the first college player to have a free throw percentage of better than .900. Nisenson is Jewish, and

"Patricia Hoskins"
NCAA Division 1 record. Hoskins scored a total of 3,122 points in her career, setting the NCAA Division 1 record at the time, and passing Drake University's Lorri Bauman, who had established a record in 1984 with 3,115 points. Hoskins did not realize she had set the record at the time, and would not realize it until informed by the sports information director after the game. Her record would stand until 2001, when Jackie Stiles surpassed it with Hoskins in the audience. On February 13, 1989, Hoskins scored 55 points in a game against Southern University. That scoring mark is

"Lake Placid Olympic Ski Jumping Complex"
tower was demolished to make way for new 70 and 90-meter jumps, used for the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. In 1994, the landing hills were re-graded to bring the jumps into compliance with current rules, and increasing their height to 90 and 120 meters. The towers were built using a jacking system that lifted and poured concrete into the forms continuously, night and day, for 15 days for the larger jump, and 9 days for the smaller one. The present record jumps stand at 105 meters for the 90-meter jump, set by Andrew Osadetz of Canada, and 135.5 meters for

"Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex"
Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex The Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex is a winter sports complex located at the foot of Mount Van Hoevenberg near Lake Placid, New York. Part of the Olympic Regional Development Authority (ORDA), it was created following the 1980 Winter Olympics. The complex includes a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track along with trails for both biathlon and cross-country skiing. Constructed in 1930 for the 1932 Winter Olympics, the track was the first bobsleigh track located outside of Europe. In 1949, it hosted the FIBT World Championships, also the first outside of Europe. The original bobsleigh track

jump on this site in 1920, using the hillside itself as the jump surface. The jump was referred to as the Intervales 35-meter jump. On February 21. 1921, the first competition was held at this site, drawing 3,000 spectators. The record jump for the day was 124 feet, set by Antony Maurer. In 1923, the jump was enlarged to fifty meters, and in 1927, a new steel tower was built, raising the jump to 60 meters. In 1928, the tower was raised to 75 meters; this was the tower used for the 1932 Winter Olympic Games. In 1977, the old

Lake Placid Olympic Ski Jumping Complex The Lake Placid Olympic Ski Jumping Complex comprises a 90- and 120-meter ski jumps towers built for the 1980 Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York, United States. They are located two miles from Lake Placid, off the Old Military Road, in Essex County, New York. The complex is operated by the Olympic Regional Development Authority. The sky deck on the 120-meter jump offers views of nearby John Brown's Farm and the surrounding High Peaks of the Adirondacks. Training and competition for Nordic ski jumping takes place year round thanks to a plastic mat

consecutive ice hockey gold medal. In 1980 the Winter Olympics returned to Lake Placid, which had hosted the 1932 Games. The first boycott of a Winter Olympics took place at these Games, when Taiwan refused to participate after an edict by the IOC mandated that they change their name and national anthem. This was an attempt by the IOC to accommodate China, who wished to compete using the same name and anthem as those used by Taiwan. As a result, China participated for the first time since 1952. American speed-skater Eric Heiden set either an Olympic or World record in

it hosted, having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In contrast to the lack of gold medals at these previous Olympics, the Canadian team finished first overall in gold medal wins, and became the first host nation—since Norway in 1952—to lead the gold medal count, with 14 medals. In doing so, it also broke the record for the most gold medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics (the previous was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and matched by Norway in 2002).

"Ironman Lake Placid"
Ironman Lake Placid Ironman Lake Placid (sometimes referred to as Ironman USA) is a triathlon race owned by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) that takes place Lake Placid, New York and the surrounding Adirondack Mountains. It is the longest-running Ironman triathlon in North America apart from the Ironman World Championship. Lake Placid played host to the Winter Olympics in 1932 and again in 1980, and has hosted Ironman Lake Placid every summer since 1999. In August 2014, the CEO of WTC, Andrew Messick, announced that Ironman Lake Placid would be among the list of North American races that would no

"Lake Placid, New York"
the best winter sports facilities in the United States. The Lake Placid Club was the headquarters for the IOC for the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. In addition to the John Brown Farm and Gravesite, the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run, New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Lake Placid hosted the Winter Olympics in 1932 and 1980. During the 1932 games, the trails outside of the village served for the cross-country skiing events and the cross-country skiing part of

"Air pollution"
Air pollution Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution. Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report. According to the 2014 World

exposure to pollutants than more privileged communities. Blacks and Latinos generally face more pollution than whites and Asians, and low-income communities bear a higher burden of risk than affluent ones. Racial discrepancies are particularly distinct in suburban areas of the US South and metropolitan areas of the US West. Residents in public housing, who are generally low-income and cannot move to healthier neighborhoods, are highly affected by nearby refineries and chemical plants. Air pollution is usually concentrated in densely populated metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries where environmental regulations are relatively lax or nonexistent. However, even populated areas in developed

dominate total exposure despite short exposure times since high concentrations coincide with proximity to major roads or participation to (motorized) traffic. A lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people often spend the majority of their time. Radon (Rn) gas, a carcinogen, is exuded from the Earth in certain locations and trapped inside houses. Building materials including carpeting and plywood emit formaldehyde (HCO) gas. Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry. Lead paint can degenerate into dust and be inhaled. Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other

from the factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent example of secondary pollutants. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. Substances emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include: Secondary pollutants include: Minor air pollutants include: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable

Health Organization report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide, an estimate roughly echoed by one from the International Energy Agency. An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced by processes such as ash from a volcanic eruption. Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhausts or sulphur dioxide released

be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these may defined as; asbestosis, ""lung cancer"", and ""Peritoneal Mesothelioma"" (generally a very rare form of cancer, when more widespread it is almost always associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos). Biological sources of air pollution are also found indoors, as gases and airborne particulates. Pets produce dander, people produce dust from minute skin flakes and decomposed hair, dust mites in bedding, carpeting and furniture produce enzymes and micrometre-sized fecal droppings, inhabitants emit methane, mold forms on walls and generates mycotoxins and spores, air

conditioning systems can incubate Legionnaires' disease and mold, and houseplants, soil and surrounding gardens can produce pollen, dust, and mold. Indoors, the lack of air circulation allows these airborne pollutants to accumulate more than they would otherwise occur in nature. In 2012, air pollution caused premature deaths on average of 1 year in Europe, and was a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer. The health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing, asthma and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. These

effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency department visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. The most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Children aged less than five years that live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population in

"Air pollution in the United States"
Disease. Ozone is produced by naturally and artificially (vehicles, refineries, plants, etc.). It is a very strong oxidizing agent and when inhaled, it attacks tissues by modifying parts of cells and it can create potentially toxic by products. It was found that there is no correlation between ozone effects estimates for mortality and PM readings of an area. In other words, damage done by ozone and by PM cannot be considered the same. Extended periods of inhaling ozone causes neuron damage and death, motor deficits, and memory deficits in humans and animals. Certain groups, such as African Americans, have higher

"Air pollution in Germany"
to control air pollution. This has now developed from controlling air pollution to being a leader in climate change politics. Air pollution may cause diseases, allergies, or death in humans. It may also cause harm to other living organisms, such as animals and crops, and may cause damage to the environment. Air pollution can be generated by both human activity and natural processes. An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The major primary pollutants produced by human activity include: Secondary pollutants include: There are various locations, activities or

Hectogon
and {100/49}, as well as 30 regular star figures with the same vertex configuration. Hectogon In geometry, a hectogon or hecatontagon or 100-gon is a hundred-sided polygon. The sum of any hectogon's interior angles is 17640 degrees. A ""regular hectogon"" is represented by Schläfli symbol {100} and can be constructed as a truncated pentacontagon, t{50}, or a twice-truncated icosipentagon, tt{25}. One interior angle in a regular hectogon is 176°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 3°. The area of a regular hectogon is (with ) and its inradius is The circumradius of a regular hectogon is Because 100 =

Hectogon
Hectogon In geometry, a hectogon or hecatontagon or 100-gon is a hundred-sided polygon. The sum of any hectogon's interior angles is 17640 degrees. A ""regular hectogon"" is represented by Schläfli symbol {100} and can be constructed as a truncated pentacontagon, t{50}, or a twice-truncated icosipentagon, tt{25}. One interior angle in a regular hectogon is 176°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 3°. The area of a regular hectogon is (with ) and its inradius is The circumradius of a regular hectogon is Because 100 = 2 × 5, the number of sides contains a ""repeated"" Fermat prime (the number

Chiliagon
Chiliagon In geometry, a chiliagon () or 1000-gon is a polygon with 1,000 sides. Philosophers commonly refer to chiliagons to illustrate ideas about the nature and workings of thought, meaning, and mental representation. A ""regular chiliagon"" is represented by Schläfli symbol {1,000} and can be constructed as a truncated 500-gon, t{500}, or a twice-truncated 250-gon, tt{250}, or a thrice-truncated 125-gon, ttt{125}. The measure of each internal angle in a regular chiliagon is 179.64°. The area of a regular chiliagon with sides of length ""a"" is given by This result differs from the area of its circumscribed circle by less than

"Audi 100"
Audi 100 The Audi 100 and Audi 200 are four-door, front-engine, front- or all-wheel drive full-size/executive sedans manufactured and marketed by the Audi division of the Volkswagen Group for model years 1968 through 1994 — across four generations (C1-C4), with a two-door model available in the first and second generation (C1-2) and a five-door wagon available in the third (C3) generation. The third generation Audi 100/5000 was widely noted for its advanced aerodynamic design solutions, which included pin-located, flush side windows — and achieved a drag coefficient of 0.30. The C2 and C3 models of the Audi 100 were marketed

Myriagon
Myriagon In geometry, a myriagon or 10000-gon is a polygon with 10,000 sides. Several philosophers have used the regular myriagon to illustrate issues regarding thought. A regular myriagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {10,000} and can be constructed as a truncated 5000-gon, t{5000}, or a twice-truncated 2500-gon, tt{2500}, or a thrice-truncated 1250-gon, ttt{1250), or a four-fold-truncated 625-gon, tttt{625}. The measure of each internal angle in a regular myriagon is 179.964°. The area of a regular myriagon with sides of length ""a"" is given by The result differs from the area of its circumscribed circle by up to 40 parts per

Chiliagon
199 regular forms given by Schläfli symbols of the form {1000/""n""}, where ""n"" is an integer between 2 and 500 that is coprime to 1,000. There are also 300 regular star figures in the remaining cases. For example, the regular {1000/499} star polygon is constructed by 1000 nearly radial edges. Each star vertex has an internal angle of 0.36 degrees. Chiliagon In geometry, a chiliagon () or 1000-gon is a polygon with 1,000 sides. Philosophers commonly refer to chiliagons to illustrate ideas about the nature and workings of thought, meaning, and mental representation. A ""regular chiliagon"" is represented by Schläfli

"10-10 duoprism"
10-10 duoprism In geometry of 4 dimensions, a 10-10 duoprism or decagonal duoprism is a polygonal duoprism, a 4-polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of two decagons. It has 100 vertices, 200 edges, 120 faces (100 squares, and 20 decagons), in 20 decagonal prism cells. It has Coxeter diagram , and symmetry , order 800. The uniform ""10-10 duoprism"" can be constructed from [10]×[10] or [5]×[5] symmetry, order 400 or 100, with extended symmetry doubling these with a 2-fold rotation that maps the two orientations of prisms together. The regular complex polytope {4}, , in formula_1 has a real representation

"100 (number)"
for which ""n"" is prime). One hundred is the atomic number of fermium, an actinide and the first of the heavy metals that cannot be created through neutron bombardment. On the Celsius scale, 100 degrees is the boiling temperature of pure water at sea level. The Kármán line lies at an altitude of 100 kilometres above the Earth's sea level and is commonly used to define the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space. The United States Senate has 100 Senators. Most of the world's currencies are divided into 100 subunits; for example, one euro is one hundred cents and

Octacontagon
configuration. Octacontagon In geometry, an octacontagon (or ogdoëcontagon or 80-gon from Ancient Greek ὁγδοήκοντα, eighty) is an eighty-sided polygon. The sum of any octacontagon's interior angles is 14040 degrees. A ""regular octacontagon"" is represented by Schläfli symbol {80} and can also be constructed as a truncated tetracontagon, t{40}, or a twice-truncated icosagon, tt{20}, or a thrice-truncated decagon, ttt{10}, or a four-fold-truncated pentagon, tttt{5}. One interior angle in a regular octacontagon is 175°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 4°. The area of a regular octacontagon is (with ) and its inradius is The circumradius of a regular octacontagon is

"Imagine (Ariana Grande song)"
Imagine (Ariana Grande song) ""Imagine"" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, from her upcoming fifth studio album ""Thank U, Next"" (2018). Written by Grande, Pop Wansel, Jameel Roberts, Happy Perez and Priscilla Renea, and produced by Wansel and Perez, the song was released December 14, 2018. Lyrically, the song speaks about Grande's denial of failed relationships. On December 11, 2018, Grande teased the song with a post on her Instagram story, with a countdown of its official release. The song was previewed a day later, with Grande tweeting the title using Chinese characters. The song and its

"My Wildest Dreams (album)"
7 September 2018. Notes My Wildest Dreams (album) My Wildest Dreams is the upcoming debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Claire Richards, set to be released 1 February 2019, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album has been preceded by two singles; ""On My Own"" and ""End Before We Start"", and one promotional single, ""Deep Waters"". In July 2015, the singer released an acoustic version of ""One for Sorrow"". The acoustic version of the track was recorded for an event honouring Steps' producer Pete Waterman. The track was arranged and produced by Steve Anderson with whom Claire was working on her

My Wildest Dreams (album) My Wildest Dreams is the upcoming debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Claire Richards, set to be released 1 February 2019, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album has been preceded by two singles; ""On My Own"" and ""End Before We Start"", and one promotional single, ""Deep Waters"". In July 2015, the singer released an acoustic version of ""One for Sorrow"". The acoustic version of the track was recorded for an event honouring Steps' producer Pete Waterman. The track was arranged and produced by Steve Anderson with whom Claire was working on her debut album. On 5

"Expectations (Bebe Rexha album)"
Expectations (Bebe Rexha album) Expectations is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Bebe Rexha. It was released on June 22, 2018, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was announced following the success of her collaboration with country duo Florida Georgia Line, ""Meant to Be"". ""Expectations"" went out for pre-order on April 13, 2018, with the release of two promotional singles: ""Ferrari"" and ""2 Souls on Fire"". The album includes the singles ""I Got You"" and ""Meant to Be"" from """" and """", respectively. It features appearances from rappers Quavo and Tory Lanez, and country music duo Florida Georgia Line.

Production Expectations (Bebe Rexha album) Expectations is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Bebe Rexha. It was released on June 22, 2018, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was announced following the success of her collaboration with country duo Florida Georgia Line, ""Meant to Be"". ""Expectations"" went out for pre-order on April 13, 2018, with the release of two promotional singles: ""Ferrari"" and ""2 Souls on Fire"". The album includes the singles ""I Got You"" and ""Meant to Be"" from """" and """", respectively. It features appearances from rappers Quavo and Tory Lanez, and country music duo Florida Georgia

Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon"", on December 18, 2018. Credits adapted from Tidal. Imagine (Ariana Grande song) ""Imagine"" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, from her upcoming fifth studio album ""Thank U, Next"" (2018). Written by Grande, Pop Wansel, Jameel Roberts, Happy Perez and Priscilla Renea, and produced by Wansel and Perez, the song was released December 14, 2018. Lyrically, the song speaks about Grande's denial of failed relationships. On December 11, 2018, Grande teased the song with a post on her Instagram story, with a countdown of its official release. The song was previewed a day

"Robot (Lost in Space)"
around the world, who have built at least 15 detailed full-size replicas of the Robot. In the 2018 Netflix series, the Robot is an alien AI which bears only a few resemblances with earlier versions, such as his famous line and loyalty to Will. Robot (Lost in Space) The Class M-3 Model B-9 General Utility Non-Theorizing Environmental Control Robot, known simply as the Robot, is a fictional character in the television series ""Lost in Space"". His full designation was only occasionally mentioned on the show. Although a machine endowed with superhuman strength and futuristic weaponry, he often displayed human characteristics,

arms. The Robot was performed by Bob May in a prop costume built by Bob Stewart. The voice was primarily dubbed by Dick Tufeld, who was also the series' narrator, and Jorge Arvizu for the Spanish dubbing. The Robot was designed by Robert Kinoshita, who also designed ""Forbidden Planet""'s Robby the Robot. Robby appears in Lost in Space episode #20 ""War of the Robots"" and in episode #60 ""Condemned of Space"". The Robot did not appear in the unaired pilot episode, but was added to the series once it had been greenlit. Initially, the bellows-covered legs were articulated, and were

"Lost in Space (2018 TV series)"
normalized score of 58 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". David Griffin of IGN gave the first season a rating of 8.5/10, calling it ""an excellent sci-fi adventure with a slight villain problem,"" giving particular praise to the Robinson family, while criticizing Parker Posey's Dr. Smith as an unsophisticated and one-dimensional character who lacks redeeming qualities. In contrast, Jen Chaney of ""Vulture"" characterized Posey's performance as providing ""understated, sly comedic touches"". Lost in Space (2018 TV series) Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series based on a reimagining of the 1965

"Bob May (actor)"
Bob May (actor) Bob May (September 4, 1939 – January 18, 2009) was an American actor best remembered for playing The Robot on the television series ""Lost in Space"", which debuted in 1965 and ran until 1968. May appeared in all 83 episodes inside a prop costume built by Bob Stewart; the robot's voice was dubbed by Dick Tufeld, who was also the narrator of the series. Born in New York City, May was the grandson of vaudeville comedian Chic Johnson, half of the Olsen and Johnson comedy team famed for their blackout gags and orchestrated mayhem. May's first experience

grandchildren. He is interred in San Fernando Mission Cemetery. Bob May (actor) Bob May (September 4, 1939 – January 18, 2009) was an American actor best remembered for playing The Robot on the television series ""Lost in Space"", which debuted in 1965 and ran until 1968. May appeared in all 83 episodes inside a prop costume built by Bob Stewart; the robot's voice was dubbed by Dick Tufeld, who was also the narrator of the series. Born in New York City, May was the grandson of vaudeville comedian Chic Johnson, half of the Olsen and Johnson comedy team famed for

Robot (Lost in Space) The Class M-3 Model B-9 General Utility Non-Theorizing Environmental Control Robot, known simply as the Robot, is a fictional character in the television series ""Lost in Space"". His full designation was only occasionally mentioned on the show. Although a machine endowed with superhuman strength and futuristic weaponry, he often displayed human characteristics, such as laughter, sadness, and mockery, as well as singing and playing the guitar. With his major role often being to protect the youngest member of the crew, the Robot's catchphrases were ""It does not compute"" and ""Danger, Will Robinson!"", accompanied by flailing his

"Lost in Space"
""Battlestar Galactica"" show bought the show's sets. They were redesigned the next year and used for scenes on the Battlestar ""Pegasus"". Dick Tufeld reprised his role as voice of the robot for the third time. On October 10, 2014, it was announced that Legendary TV was developing a new reboot of ""Lost in Space"" for Netflix with ""Dracula Untold"" screenwriters Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless attached to write. On June 29, 2016, Netflix ordered the series with 10 episodes. The series debuted on Netflix on April 13, 2018. It was renewed for a second season on May 13, 2018. The

are to be cryogenically frozen for the voyage, and they are set to be unfrozen when the spacecraft approaches its destination. Meanwhile, Dr. Zachary Smith (Jonathan Harris), Alpha Control's doctor, is revealed to be a saboteur on behalf of an unnamed nation. After disposing of a guard who catches him on board the spacecraft, Smith reprograms the ""Jupiter 2""s B-9 environmental control robot (voiced by Dick Tufeld) to destroy critical systems on the spaceship eight hours after launch. Smith, however, becomes trapped aboard at launch and his extra weight throws the ""Jupiter 2"" off course, causing it to encounter a

"Dick Tufeld"
Dick Tufeld Richard Norton ""Dick"" Tufeld (December 11, 1926 – January 22, 2012) was an American actor, announcer, narrator and voice actor from the late 1940s until the early 21st century. He was a well-known presence on television as an announcer, but his most famous role was as the voice of the Robot in the television series, ""Lost in Space"". Born in Los Angeles, California, to a Russian father and a Canadian mother, he spent his childhood in Pasadena, California. Tufeld attended the Northwestern University School of Communication, then known as the university's School of Speech. In 1945, he obtained

According to the series In one first season episode, Dr. Smith was seen to remove the robot's programming tapes, which resemble a small reel of magnetic tape, from a hatch below the robot's chest panel. Two versions of the robot were used during ""Lost in Space"" filming – a ""hero robot"" costume worn by Bob May, and a static, ""stunt robot"" prop that was used for distant or hazardous shots. Both versions fell into disrepair after the series, but these have since been discovered and restored. The ""hero"" is privately owned by TV and film producer Kevin Burns, who commissioned

"History of Islam"
popular pilgrimage destination, which had significant economic consequences for the city. According to tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570. His family belonged to the Quraysh. When he was about forty years old he began receiving what Muslims regard as divine revelations delivered through the angel Gabriel, which would later form the Quran. These inspirations enjoined him to proclaim a strict monotheistic faith, to warn his compatriots of the impending Judgement Day, and to castigate social injustices of his city. Muhammad's message won over a handful of followers and was met with increasing opposition

History of Islam The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization. Despite concerns about the reliability of early sources, most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity. Muslims, however, believe that it did not start with Muhammad, but that it was the original faith of others whom they regard as prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam. In 610 CE, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be divine revelations. Muhammad's message

articles, and journals Encyclopedias History of Islam The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization. Despite concerns about the reliability of early sources, most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity. Muslims, however, believe that it did not start with Muhammad, but that it was the original faith of others whom they regard as prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam. In 610 CE, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be

from notables of Mecca. In 618, after he lost protection with the death of his influential uncle Abu Talib, Muhammad migrated to the city of Yathrib (subsequently called Medina) where he was joined by his followers. Later generations would count this event, known as the hijra, as the start of the Islamic era. In Yathrib, where he was accepted as an arbitrator among the different communities of the city under the terms of the Constitution of Medina, Muhammad began to lay the foundations of the new Islamic society, with the help of new Quranic verses which provided guidance on matters

Islam
years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE, according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad reported revelations that he believed to be from God, conveyed to him through the archangel Gabriel (""Jibril""). Muhammad's companions memorized and recorded the content of these revelations, known as the Quran. During this time, Muhammad in Mecca preached to the people, imploring them to abandon polytheism and to worship one God. Although some converted to Islam, the leading Meccan authorities persecuted Muhammad and his followers. This resulted in the Migration to Abyssinia of some Muslims (to the Aksumite Empire). Many early converts

Islam
virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment. The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam. Aside from the theological viewpoint, Islam is historically believed to have originated in the early 7th century CE in Mecca, and by the 8th century the Umayyad Islamic caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east. The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century, during the Abbasid Caliphate, when much of the

to control the Dawa's affairs. He sent two Dai's to Yemen and Western Africa. Al Husain died soon after the birth of his son, Al Mahdi. A system of government helped update Al Mahdi on the development which took place in North Africa. Al Mahdi Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah established the first Imam of the Fatimid dynasty. He claimed genealogic origins dating as far back as Fatimah through Husayn and Ismail. Al Mahdi established his headquarters at Salamiyah and moved towards north-western Africa, under Aghlabid rule. His success of laying claim to being the precursor to the Mahdi was instrumental among

"Muhammad in Islam"
upon the invitation of a delegation from Medina (then known as Yathrib), Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijrah. A turning point in Muhammad's life, this Hegira also marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad sketched out the Constitution of Medina specifying the rights of and relations among the various existing communities there, formed an independent community, and managed to establish the first Islamic state. Despite the ongoing hostility of the Meccans, Muhammad, along with his followers, took control of Mecca in 630 CE, and ordered the destruction

Muhammad
Muhammad Muhammad (, ; c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Born approximately 570CE (Year of the Elephant) in

Islam
revelation and literal word of God and is widely regarded as the finest literary work in the classical Arabic language. Muslims believe that the verses of the Quran were revealed to Muhammad by God through the archangel Gabriel (""Jibrīl"") on many occasions between 610 CE until his death on June 8, 632. While Muhammad was alive, all of these revelations were written down by his companions (""sahabah""), although the prime method of transmission was orally through memorization. The Quran is divided into 114 chapters (""suras"") which combined, contain 6,236 verses (""āyāt""). The chronologically earlier suras, revealed at Mecca, are primarily

"ML (film)"
ML (film) ML is a 2018 Philippine independent film written and directed by Benedict Mique Jr., starring Eddie Garcia as a retired METROCOM Colonel suffering from dementia, leading him to believe that he is still living in the days of the Marcos dictatorship. He mistakes a visiting student, played by Tony Labrusca as an activist resisting Marcos' Martial Law administration, and captures and torture the student, just as he did to activists back in the 1970s. The film was released on August 3, 2018 at the 14th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival. Along with Kip Oebanda's ""Liway"", it is one of

"V.I.P. (2017 film)"
to the 74th Venice International Film Festival which began on August 30, 2017. However, the invitation was declined by the production company as the film's release could not be rescheduled to a later date. The film was released in South Korean cinemas on August 23, 2017. ""V.I.P"" was named as an R-rated crime film, which restricted audiences younger than eighteen years of age. Many viewers criticized the film's depiction of violence against women. Some of the comments were regarding the film's unnecessary cruel and gruesome scenes, while others critiqued the use of female characters as devices of sexual violence to

"Juarez 2045"
A Marine goes to Juarez in search for his brother who was kidnapped by a lieutenant who leads the robotic Cartel. Special Thanks to Can Göksoy and John Cena Juarez 2045 Juarez 2045 (also known as Cartel 2045) is a 2017 American science fiction action adventure film directed by Chris Le and produced by Rocky Mudaliar. It stars Danny Trejo, Brad Schmidt and Alex Heartman in lead roles. ""Juarez 2045"" was released on April 1, 2017 in theaters in Sandy, Utah, near Salt Lake City. The film was later released on video on demand on May 1, 2018 under the

"Traffik (2018 film)"
Marnes is arrested, and the cops rescue the trafficked women. In the final scene back in Sacramento, Brea returns to work where Carl tells her that the trafficking ring bust will be big news everywhere, but that the people involved will most likely go after Brea. She simply replies, ""Let them come"" before walking out. Lionsgate acquired the rights to the film for $5 million in September 2017. ""Traffik"" is scheduled to be released on April 20, 2018, by Summit Entertainment. It was originally slated for April 27, 2018, but was moved up a week to avoid being released opposite

period to tell the tale. ML (film) ML is a 2018 Philippine independent film written and directed by Benedict Mique Jr., starring Eddie Garcia as a retired METROCOM Colonel suffering from dementia, leading him to believe that he is still living in the days of the Marcos dictatorship. He mistakes a visiting student, played by Tony Labrusca as an activist resisting Marcos' Martial Law administration, and captures and torture the student, just as he did to activists back in the 1970s. The film was released on August 3, 2018 at the 14th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival. Along with Kip Oebanda's

two Cinemalaya 2018 films featuring social commentary about the martial law, continuing the tradition of 2017's ""Respeto"" in light of the 2016 Burial of Ferdinand Marcos and the rise of his children Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos in Philippine politics. Carlo, an unapologetically millennial college jock, thinks that Martial Law wasn’t all that bad. No one in his family had anything bad to say about it, all he’s ever read are online posts on human rights violations. Confronted by a frustrated History professor, Carlo sets out to prove he is right and looks for someone who lived through that

Juarez 2045 Juarez 2045 (also known as Cartel 2045) is a 2017 American science fiction action adventure film directed by Chris Le and produced by Rocky Mudaliar. It stars Danny Trejo, Brad Schmidt and Alex Heartman in lead roles. ""Juarez 2045"" was released on April 1, 2017 in theaters in Sandy, Utah, near Salt Lake City. The film was later released on video on demand on May 1, 2018 under the title ""Cartel 2045"". The story is set in year 2045. The war on drugs in Mexico has escalated as a ruthless drug Cartel use robots to enforce their operations.

show the cruelty of male characters. Upon its release in South Korean cinemas on August 23, 2017, ""V.I.P."" hit the top spot, selling 174,022 ticket and earning a gross income of US$1.17 million on its opening day. During the first two days ""V.I.P"" sold 341,610 tickets earning US$2.3 million. After five days of its release the movie has attracted 940,359 audience screening in 966 venues. According to the Korean Film Council ""V.I.P"" had surpassed 1 million viewers by August 29, in just seven days since its release, and the film earned a total gross income of US$7.8 million. V.I.P. (2017

Psycho-Pass
in January 25, 2019. The second film, titled , will premiere in February 15, 2019. The third film, titled , will premiere in March 8, 2019. Naoyoshi Shiotani and Yugo Kanno are reprising their roles as the director and music composer, respectively. Ryō Yoshigami wrote the screenplay for the first film, while Fukami is returning from the anime series to write the screenplays for the second and third films. Production I.G is returning for animation production and Toho is distributing. A collaboration visual with ""Godzilla: The City Mechanized for the Final Battle"" has also been developed with Akane being the

"Penguin Highway"
2018. Toho released the film theatrically in Japan on August 17, 2018. Fuji Creative is responsible for international distribution of the film. Anime Limited announced in July 2018 that they had acquired the film for distribution in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it premiered at Scotland Loves Anime Glasgow on October 13, 2018, with a wider release in 2019. Eleven Arts announced that they would be distributing the film theatrically in North America, where it premiered at Crunchyroll Expo in San Jose on September 2, 2018, and a wider release scheduled for Q1 2019. Madman Entertainment announced that they

"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves"
bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades. Interior scenes were completed at Shepperton Studios in Surrey. The original music score was composed, orchestrated and conducted by Michael Kamen. An excerpt from the main title music was subsequently used as the logo music for Morgan Creek, and has been used by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment in intros for trailers on DVD/Blu-ray. ""Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves"" was submitted for classification

the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire – restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed at various locations in England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin

"Thief of Hearts"
photo in that drawer. That was the beginning of the story, but I didn't quite have a handle on it for many years until I added the element of the journals."" Stewart says ""read all those books about women's sexual fantasies. I talked to women about their fantasies. I read journal entries. It proved to me that women lived so much inside their fantasies that men didn't realize it."" Stewart estimated he did 23 drafts. Filming started 13 February 1984 in San Francisco. It was made by the team of Simpson-Bruckheimer who were coming off a big success with ""Flashdance"".

"The Thief and the Cobbler"
""wise fool"" of Near Eastern folklore. Williams began development work on a film based on the stories, with Shah and his family championing production. Idries Shah demanded 50% of the profits from the film, and Idries Shah's sister Amina Shah, who had done some of the translations for the Nasrudin book, claimed that she owned the stories. Production took place at Richard Williams Productions in Soho Square, London. An early reference to the project came in the 1968 International Film Guide, which noted that Williams was about to begin work on ""the first of several films based on the stories

Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film, based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood which originated in the 15th century. The film is directed by Kevin Reynolds, and stars Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlett, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman as Sheriff of Nottingham. The screenplay was penned by Pen Densham and John Watson. The film received mixed reviews from critics who praised Freeman and Rickman's performances as well as the music but criticized the

"Robin Hood (2010 film)"
king and an outlaw inciting anarchy. Locations were sought in North East England including Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, and Kielder Forest. A portion of filming was intended to take place in Northumberland. As a result of the WGA strike, production was put on hold. Scott sought to begin production in 2008 for a release in 2009. Filming was scheduled to begin in August in Sherwood Forest if the 2008 Screen Actors Guild strike did not take place, for release on 26 November 2009. By July, filming was delayed, and playwright Paul Webb was hired to rewrite the script. The film

"Batman (1989 film)"
the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California, but media interest in the film made them change the location. It was shot at Pinewood Studios in England from October 1988 to January 1989. 18 sound stages were used, almost the entirety of Pinewood's 95-acre backlot. Locations included Knebworth House and Hatfield House doubling for Wayne Manor, plus Acton Lane Power Station and Little Barford Power Station. The original production budget escalated from $30 million to $48 million. Filming was highly secretive. The unit publicist was offered and refused £10,000 for the first pictures of Jack Nicholson as the Joker. The police

"Robin Hood (1991 British film)"
been replaced by original antagonists. The Baron Daguerre takes the Sheriff's place as the scheming, greedy tax collector (though in this version, he is originally Robin's friend), and Folcanet stands in for Guy as the violent, vindictive knight after Robin's head (and Marian's maidenhead). Unlike many modern versions of the story, King Richard does not appear at the end, and instead Daguerre is reconciled with Hode and promises a future where Saxons and Normans are treated equally. It was filmed on location at Peckforton Castle in Cheshire, a medieval-style Victorian-era edifice built between 1842 and 1851. Some filming was also

"The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men"
palace. On the way home his father is killed by henchmen of Prince John. Robin takes up the life of an outlaw, gathering together his band of merry men with him in Sherwood Forest, to avenge his father's death and to help the people of the land whom Prince John is over taxing. Production began in April 1951 at Denham Film Studios in London. This was the second movie Disney made in the United Kingdom, the first being ""Treasure Island"" (1950). These and several other Disney films were made using British funds frozen during World War II. ""The Story of

"The Prince of Thieves"
The Prince of Thieves The Prince of Thieves is a 1948 film nominally inspired by Alexandre Dumas' 1872 novel ""Le Prince des voleurs"". Produced by Sam Katzman for Columbia Pictures and starring Jon Hall as Robin Hood with stuntwork by Jock Mahoney, the film was shot in the Cinecolor process that features an inability to reproduce the colour green. Sequences were shot reusing several of the sets of Columbia's ""The Bandit of Sherwood Forest"" and at Corriganville. Patricia Morison and Adele Jergens co-star. After fighting in the Crusades alongside King Richard I of England, Sir Allan Claire is returning home

"FIFA World Rankings"
2017, Brazil returned to the No. 1 spot for the first time since just prior to the 2010 World Cup, but Germany regained the top spot in July after winning the Confederations Cup. In August 2018, France became the leader in the FIFA rankings again after nearly 16 years, having won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and this is also the first time FIFA adopted the Elo rating system to the ranking system. One month later, for the first time two teams were tied at the top spot as Belgium returned to the number one spot with the same ranking

following team received the next immediate rank possible, e.g. if two teams had R=11, the following team had R=12, not 13. Then the rating changes according to the games played after previous release were calculated. This produced a more dramatically altered ranking table, with Germany falling to 15th and 2018 FIFA World Cup champions France moving to the top of the ranking. When the system was introduced, Germany debuted as the top-ranked team following their extended period of dominance in which they had reached the three previous FIFA World Cup finals, winning one of them. Brazil took the lead in

Hat-trick
and at 16 minutes the fastest from kickoff in any World Cup match for either sex. However, the fastest World Cup hat-trick for either men or women, as measured by time between goals, belongs to Fabienne Humm of Switzerland, who scored in the 47th, 49th and 52nd minutes against Ecuador in the 2015 group stage. Football has also extended the term to include the phrase perfect hat-trick, achieved when a player scores one right-footed goal, one left-footed goal and one headed goal within one match. In Germany and Austria, the term ""(lupenreiner) Hattrick"" (""flawless hat-trick"") refers to when a player

"Squad number (association football)"
to 1–11 shirt numbering a year later. Players may now wear any number (as long as it is unique within their squad) between 1 and 99. To date, the highest number worn by a player in the Premier League is 78, by Manchester City's José Ángel Pozo against Sunderland on 3 December 2014. Bigger teams have a tendency to field reserve and fringe players in the English Football League Cup so high squad numbers are not uncommon. Nico Yennaris wore 64 for Arsenal in the competition on 26 September 2012 in a match against Coventry City and on 24 September

"It's a Wonderful Life"
of this picture, from this reviewer's point of view, is the sentimentality of it—its illusory concept of life. Mr. Capra's nice people are charming, his small town is a quite beguiling place and his pattern for solving problems is most optimistic and facile. But somehow, they all resemble theatrical attitudes, rather than average realities."" The film, which went into general release on January 7, 1947, placed 26th ($3.3 million) in box office revenues for 1947 (out of more than 400 features released), one place ahead of another Christmas film, ""Miracle on 34th Street"". The film was supposed to be released

greatest movie list, number 20 on its revised 2007 greatest movie list, and placing number one on its list of the most inspirational American films of all time. Capra revealed that this was his personal favorite among the films he directed, and that he screened it for his family every Christmas season. On Christmas Eve 1945, in Bedford Falls, New York, George Bailey contemplates suicide. Prayers for him reach Heaven, where Clarence Odbody, Angel 2nd Class, is assigned to save George, in return for which he will earn his angel wings. To prepare him for his mission, Clarence is shown

has seen multiple DVD releases since the availability of the format. In the autumn of 2001, Republic issued the movie twice, once in August, and again with different packaging in September of that same year. On October 31, 2006, Paramount released a newly restored ""60th Anniversary Edition"". On November 13, 2007, Paramount released a two-disc ""special edition"" DVD of the film that contained both the original theatrical black-and-white version, and a new, third colorized version, produced by Legend Films using the latest colorization technology. On November 3, 2009, Paramount released a DVD version with a ""Collector's Edition"" ornament, and a

film was believed to be in the public domain at the time, and as a result, Markle and Holmes responded by returning Capra's initial investment, eliminating his financial participation, and refusing outright to allow the director to exercise artistic control over the colorization of his films, leading Capra to join in the campaign against the process. Three colorized versions have been produced. The first was released by Hal Roach Studios in 1986. The second was authorized and produced by the film's permanent owner, Republic Pictures, in 1989. Both Capra and Stewart took a critical stand on the colorized editions. The

community of Bedford Falls would be if he had never been born. Despite initially performing poorly at the box office because of stiff competition at the time of its release, the film has become regarded as a classic, and is a staple of Christmas television around the world. The film is considered one of the most loved films in American cinema, and has become traditional viewing during the Christmas season. Theatrically, the film's break-even point was $6.3 million, approximately twice the production cost, a figure it never came close to achieving in its initial release. An appraisal in 2006 reported:

exist, in his time and also in our own"". Nine years earlier, another ""Salon"" writer, Gary Kamiya, had expressed the opposing view that ""Pottersville ""rocks!"""", adding: ""The gauzy, Currier-and-Ives veil Capra drapes over Bedford Falls has prevented viewers from grasping what a tiresome and, frankly, toxic environment it is ... We all live in Pottersville now."" The film's elevation to the status of a beloved classic came three decades after its initial release, when it became a television staple during Christmas season in 1976. This came as a welcome surprise to Frank Capra and others involved with its production. ""It's

network television, and traditionally shows it twice during the holidays, with one showing on Christmas Eve. Paramount (via parent company Viacom's 1998 acquisition of Republic's then-parent, Spelling Entertainment) once again has distribution rights for the first time since 1955. Due to all the above actions, this is one of the few RKO films not controlled by Turner Entertainment/Warner Bros. in the US. It is also one of two Capra films Paramount owns despite not having originally released it—the other is ""Broadway Bill"" (originally from Columbia, remade by Paramount as ""Riding High"" in 1950). Director Capra met with Wilson Markle about

overpriced slums. Potter attempts to lure George into becoming his assistant, offering him $20,000 () a year; George is momentarily tempted, but rebukes him. During World War II, George is ineligible for service because of his bad ear. Harry becomes a Navy pilot, and earns the Medal of Honor by shooting down a kamikaze plane headed for a troop transport. On Christmas Eve morning 1945, as the town prepares a hero's welcome for Harry, Uncle Billy goes to the bank to deposit $8,000 of the Building and Loan's cash. Potter enters, and Billy taunts Potter by grabbing the newspaper and

television stations. It was mentioned during the deliberations on the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998. In 1993, Republic Pictures, which was the successor to NTA, relied on the 1990 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in ""Stewart v. Abend"" (which involved another Stewart film, ""Rear Window"") to enforce its claim to the copyright. While the film's copyright had not been renewed, Republic still owned the film rights to ""The Greatest Gift""; thus the plaintiffs were able to argue its status as a derivative work of a work still under copyright. NBC, since 1996, is licensed to show the film on U.S.

believed that the characters of Bert and Ernie on ""Sesame Street"" were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the cabdriver; however, in a correction for the 1999 ""Annual Xmas Quiz"" in the ""San Francisco Chronicle"", which made this claim, series writer Jerry Juhl confirmed that, as per producer Jon Stone, the shared names were merely a coincidence. Despite this, the 1996 holiday special ""Elmo Saves Christmas"" references the rumor, during a scene where Bert and Ernie walk by a TV set, which is playing the movie. The pair are surprised by the line: ""Bert! Ernie! What's the matter with

"Little Red Riding Hood"
Little Red Riding Hood ""Little Red Riding Hood"" is a European fairy tale about a young girl and a Big Bad Wolf. Its origins can be traced back to the 10th century by several European folk tales, including one from Italy called ""The False Grandmother"" (), later written among others by Italo Calvino in the ""Italian Folktales"" collection; the best known versions were written by Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm. The story has been changed considerably in various retellings and subjected to numerous modern adaptations and readings. Other names for the story are: """"Little Red Ridinghood"""", """"Little Red Cap""""

river so she may escape. When the wolf follows Red over the bridge of cloth, the sheet is released and the wolf drowns in the river. And in another version the wolf is pushed into the fire, while he is preparing the meat of the grandmother to be eaten by the girl. The earliest known printed version was known as ""Le Petit Chaperon Rouge"" and may have had its origins in 17th-century French folklore. It was included in the collection ""Tales and Stories of the Past with Morals. Tales of Mother Goose"" (""Histoires et contes du temps passé, avec des

Riding Hood"" reveal to the heroine that she has a wild nature like the hero's. These interpretations refuse to characterize Little Red Riding Hood as a victim; these are tales of female empowerment. Little Red Riding Hood ""Little Red Riding Hood"" is a European fairy tale about a young girl and a Big Bad Wolf. Its origins can be traced back to the 10th century by several European folk tales, including one from Italy called ""The False Grandmother"" (), later written among others by Italo Calvino in the ""Italian Folktales"" collection; the best known versions were written by Charles Perrault

moralités. Contes de ma mère l'Oye""), in 1697, by Charles Perrault. As the title implies, this version is both more sinister and more overtly moralized than the later ones. The redness of the hood, which has been given symbolic significance in many interpretations of the tale, was a detail introduced by Perrault. The story had as its subject an ""attractive, well-bred young lady"", a village girl of the country being deceived into giving a wolf she encountered the information he needed to find her grandmother's house successfully and eat the old woman while at the same time avoiding being noticed

King entertained with extravagant parties, presumably would take from the story the intended meaning. In the 19th century two separate German versions were retold to Jacob Grimm and his younger brother Wilhelm Grimm, known as the Brothers Grimm, the first by Jeanette Hassenpflug (1791–1860) and the second by Marie Hassenpflug (1788–1856). The brothers turned the first version to the main body of the story and the second into a sequel of it. The story as ""Rotkäppchen"" was included in the first edition of their collection ""Kinder- und Hausmärchen"" (Children's and Household Tales (1812)). The earlier parts of the tale agree

century, where a number of versions exist, including ""La finta nonna"" (The False Grandmother), written among others by Italo Calvino in the ""Italian Folktales"" collection. It has also been called ""The Story of Grandmother"". It is also possible that this early tale has roots in very similar East Asian tales (e.g. ""Grandaunt Tiger""). These early variations of the tale, do differ from the currently known version in several ways. The antagonist is not always a wolf, but sometimes an ogre, vampire, or a 'bzou' (werewolf), making these tales relevant to the werewolf-trials (similar to witch trials) of the time (e.g.

True History of Little Goldenhood"" in ""The Red Fairy Book"" (1890). He derived it from the works of Charles Marelles, in ""Contes of Charles Marelles"". This version explicitly states that the story had been mistold earlier. The girl is saved, but not by the huntsman; when the wolf tries to eat her, its mouth is burned by the golden hood she wears, which is enchanted. James N. Barker wrote a variation of Little Red Riding Hood in 1827 as an approximately 1000-word story. It was later reprinted in 1858 in a book of collected stories edited by William E Burton,

"Charles Perrault"
Charles Perrault Charles Perrault (; 12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was a French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from earlier folk tales. The best known of his tales include ""Le Petit Chaperon Rouge"" (""Little Red Riding Hood""), ""Cendrillon"" (""Cinderella""), ""Le Chat Botté"" (""Puss in Boots""), ""La Belle au bois Dormant "" (""The Sleeping Beauty"") and ""Barbe Bleue"" (""Bluebeard""). Some of Perrault's versions of old stories have influenced the German versions published by the Brothers Grimm more than 100 years later.

or simply """"Red Riding Hood"""". It is number 333 in the Aarne–Thompson classification system for folktales. The story revolves around a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. In Grimms' and Perrault's versions of the tale, she is named after her magical red hooded cape/cloak that she wears. The girl walks through the woods to deliver food to her sickly grandmother (wine and cake depending on the translation). In the Grimms' version, her mother had ordered her to stay strictly on the path. A Big Bad Wolf wants to eat the girl and the food in the basket. He secretly stalks

than after she gets eaten, where the woodcutter kills the wolf with his axe. The tale makes the clearest contrast between the safe world of the village and the dangers of the forest, conventional antitheses that are essentially medieval, though no written versions are as old as that. It also warns about the dangers of not obeying one's mother (at least in Grimms' version). The story displays many similarities to stories from classical Greece and Rome. Scholar Graham Anderson has compared the story to a local legend recounted by Pausanias in which, each year, a virgin girl was offered to

"The New Colossus"
Lazarus's friend Georgina Schuyler began an effort to memorialize Lazarus and her poem, which succeeded in 1903 when a plaque bearing the text of the poem was put on the inner wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. On the plaque hanging inside the Statue of Liberty, the line ""Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!"" is missing a comma, and reads in Lazarus's manuscript ""Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!"" since its unveiling in 1903. The plaque also describes itself as an engraving; it is actually a casting. The original manuscript is held by the American Jewish Historical

to the forbidding colossus of Percy Bysshe Shelley's ""Ozymandias"". The poem is read aloud in the eponymous episode,""New Colossus"", in the 2016 Netflix web series ""The OA"". The poem was also recited in part in """" and referenced by the title of . The New Colossus ""The New Colossus"" is a sonnet that American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) wrote in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty. In 1903, the poem was cast onto a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal's lower level. This poem was written as a donation to

The New Colossus ""The New Colossus"" is a sonnet that American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) wrote in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty. In 1903, the poem was cast onto a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal's lower level. This poem was written as a donation to an auction of art and literary works conducted by the ""Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty"" to raise money for the pedestal's construction. Lazarus's contribution was solicited by fundraiser William Maxwell Evarts. Initially

carries a ""tabula ansata"" inscribed in Roman numerals with ""JULY IV MDCCLXXVI"" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, a national park tourism destination, and is a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Bartholdi was inspired by a French law professor and politician, Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to U.S. independence would properly be a joint project of the French and

"Monumentum Ancyranum"
was inscribed on both walls inside the pronaos in Latin, with a Greek translation on an exterior wall of the cella. The inscriptions are the primary surviving source of the text, since the original inscription on bronze pillars in front of the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome has long been lost, and two other surviving inscriptions of the text are incomplete. A life-size reproduction of the pronaos, including the text of the ""Deeds"", was erected in the gardens of the Baths of Diocletian in Rome for the Archaeological Exhibition of the 1911 Rome World's Fair. After the fair, it was

"Emma Willard Memorial"
6 feet (1.8 m) long, and 8 inches (20 cm) wide. The lower base measures 8 inches (20 cm) tall, 7 feet (2.1 m) long, and 8 inches (20 cm) wide. The ""Emma Willard Memorial"" is a two sided slab of marble with straight sides and an arched top. One side is carved to depict educator and American women's rights advocate Emma Willard seated at a desk, and holding a pen as she writes. A globe, ink well, and books are depicted on the desk. The words ""In memory of Emma Hart Willard Who Wrote at Middlebury in 1818 the

He proposed a pedestal in height; faced with money problems, the committee reduced that to . Hunt's pedestal design contains elements of classical architecture, including Doric portals, as well as some elements influenced by Aztec architecture. The large mass is fragmented with architectural detail, in order to focus attention on the statue. In form, it is a truncated pyramid, square at the base and at the top. The four sides are identical in appearance. Above the door on each side, there are ten disks upon which Bartholdi proposed to place the coats of arms of the states (between 1876 and

Bartholdi greatly admired the United States Constitution, he chose to inscribe ""JULY IV MDCCLXXVI"" on the tablet, thus associating the date of the country's Declaration of Independence with the concept of liberty. Bartholdi interested his friend and mentor, architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, in the project. As chief engineer, Viollet-le-Duc designed a brick pier within the statue, to which the skin would be anchored. After consultations with the metalwork foundry Gaget, Gauthier & Co., Viollet-le-Duc chose the metal which would be used for the skin, copper sheets, and the method used to shape it, repoussé, in which the sheets were heated and

"Monument to the Great Fire of London"
Tamdiu Patravit Nondum Restingvitur"" (but Popish frenzy, which wrought such horrors, is not yet quenched) were added to the end of the inscription on the orders of the Court of Aldermen in 1681 during the foment of the Popish Plot. Text on the east side originally falsely blamed Roman Catholics for the fire (""burning of this protestant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the popish faction""), which prompted Alexander Pope (himself a Catholic) to say of the area: <poem>Where London's column, pointing at the skies, Like a tall bully, lifts the head, and lies. –

"Emma Lazarus"
the earliest volume of Jewish-American poetry. A review of ""Alide"" by ""Lippincott's Monthly Magazine"" was critical of Lazarus' style and elements of technique. Emma Lazarus Emma Lazarus (July 22, 1849 – November 19, 1887) was an American author of poetry, prose, and translations, as well as an activist. She wrote the sonnet ""The New Colossus"" in 1883, which includes ""lines of world-wide welcome"". Its lines appear inscribed on a bronze plaque on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty, installed in 1903, a decade and a half after Lazarus's death. The last stanza of the sonnet was set to music

who was the captain of the mayflower when it took the pilgrims to the new world

"John Tilley (Mayflower passenger)"
ill-clad and wet in freezing temperatures. It may be that they died from the effects of the exploration weather. One such extensive exploration in which the John and Edward Tilley are named as having taken part began on Wednesday, 6 December 1620 in freezing weather using the ship's shallop – a light, shallow-water boat with oars and sails navigated by two pilots and crewed by a master gunner and two sailors. The Pilgrims on board for this expedition, in addition to the Tilleys, were John Howland, Stephen Hopkins and his servant Edward Doty. Senior members on the expedition included John

Mayflower
haberdasherie. At his death, his estate consisted of extensive footwear and other items of clothing, and made his daughter Priscilla and her husband John Alden quite prosperous. No cattle or beasts of draft or burden were brought on the journey, but there were pigs, goats, and poultry. Some passengers brought family pets such as cats and birds. Peter Browne took his large bitch mastiff, and John Goodman brought along his spaniel. According to author Charles Banks, the officers and crew of the ""Mayflower"" consisted of a captain, four mates, four quartermasters, surgeon, carpenter, cooper, cooks, boatswains, gunners, and about 36

Squanto
vital since the seeds which the Pilgrims had brought from England largely failed. As food shortages increased, Plymouth Colony Governor William Bradford relied on Squanto to pilot a ship of settlers on a trading expedition around Cape Cod and through dangerous shoals. During that voyage, Squanto contracted what Bradford called an ""Indian fever."" Bradford stayed with him for several days until he died, which Bradford described as a ""great loss."" Considerable mythology and legend has grown up around Squanto over time, largely because of early praise by Bradford and owing to the central role that the Thanksgiving festival of 1621

Mayflower
pneumonia, and tuberculosis. When it ended, only 53 passengers remained—just over half; half of the crew died, as well. In the spring, they built huts ashore, and the passengers disembarked from the ""Mayflower"" on March 21, 1621. The settlers decided to mount ""our great ordnances"" on the hill overlooking the settlement in late February 1621, due to the fear of attack by the natives. Christopher Jones supervised the transportation of the ""great guns""—about six iron cannons that ranged between four and eight feet (1.2 to 2.4 m) in length and weighed almost half a ton. The cannons were able to

Mayflower
rotten. Passengers who developed scurvy experienced symptoms such as bleeding gums, teeth falling out, and stinking breath. Passengers consumed large amounts of alcohol such as beer with meals. This was known to be safer than water, which often came from polluted sources causing diseases. All food and drink was stored in barrels known as ""hogsheads"". The passenger William Mullins brought 126 pairs of shoes and 13 pairs of boots in his luggage. Other items included oiled leather and canvas suits, stuff gowns and leather and stuff breeches, shirts, jerkins, doublets, neckcloths, hats and caps, hose, stockings, belts, piece goods, and

ThrustSSC
ThrustSSC ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Reece Liebenberg, Joshua Hambury and Jeremy Bliss. Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. As part of the Museum's redevelopment project, both cars were relocated by specialist haulier from their position in the Museum's Spirit of Speed Gallery to the

"Flank speed"
and two-thirds are the respective fractions of standard speed. Full is greater than standard, but not as great as flank. In surface ship nuclear marine propulsion, the differentiation between full speed and flank speed is of lesser significance, because vessels can be run at or very near their true maximum speed for a sustained duration with little regard for fuel expended, a top consideration of oil-powered ships. In US nuclear submarine propulsion, full speed is 50% reactor power. Flank speed is 100% power, although limits may be reached for the propulsion turbine first stage pressure or for reactor thermal power

"Full Thrust"
had a chance of burning out. In Ver. 2.5 the beam weapon system was refined, and the former class A became class 3, the former class B became class 2 and so on. In theory, there is now no limit to how powerful a beam weapon can be; for instance, a massive super ship could have a beam weapon of class 10 (or higher), although such an application would be impractical due to the increases of mass and point cost. The ship would have a better chance of inflicting more damage with several smaller weapons instead of one super weapon.

Thrust
magnitude, but opposite in direction, to the time-rate of momentum change of the exhaust gas accelerated from the combustion chamber through the rocket engine nozzle. This is the exhaust velocity with respect to the rocket, times the time-rate at which the mass is expelled, or in mathematical terms: Where T is the thrust generated (force), formula_2 is the rate of change of mass with respect to time (mass flow rate of exhaust), and v is the speed of the exhaust gases measured relative to the rocket. For vertical launch of a rocket the initial thrust at liftoff must be more

"Thrust-specific fuel consumption"
7.15 million feet per hour, with its engines giving an SFC of 1.195 lb/(lbf·h) (see below); this means the engines transferred 5.98 million foot pounds per pound of fuel (17.9 MJ/kg), equivalent to an SFC of 0.50 lb/(lbf·h) for a subsonic aircraft flying at 570 mph, which would be better than even modern engines; the Olympus 593 used in the Concorde was the world's most efficient jet engine. However, Concorde ultimately has a heavier airframe and, due to being supersonic, is less aerodynamically efficient, i.e., the lift to drag ratio is far lower. In general, the total fuel burn of

Thrust2
Thrust2 Thrust2 is a British designed and built jet propelled car, which held the world land speed record from 4 October 1983 to 25 September 1997. The car was designed by John Ackroyd and driven by Richard Noble. The project began with a budget of only £175. On 4 October 1983 the car reached a top speed of and broke the record at (average speed of two runs within one hour). This was achieved at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, US. It is powered by a single Rolls-Royce Avon jet engine sourced from an English Electric Lightning, and has

"Supersonic speed"
titanium and stainless steel allow operations at much higher temperatures. For example, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird jet could fly continuously at Mach 3.1 which could lead to temperatures on some parts of the aircraft getting above 315 °C (600 °F). Another area of concern for sustained high-speed flight is engine operation. Jet engines create thrust by increasing the temperature of the air they ingest, and as the aircraft speeds up, friction and compression heat this air before it reaches the engines. The maximum allowable temperature of the exhaust is determined by the materials in the turbine at the rear of

Thrust
than the weight. Each of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines could produce a thrust of 1.8 MN, and each of the Space Shuttle's two Solid Rocket Boosters 14.7 MN, together 29.4 MN. By contrast, the simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) has 24 thrusters of 3.56 N each. In the air-breathing category, the AMT-USA AT-180 jet engine developed for radio-controlled aircraft produce 90 N (20 lbf) of thrust. The GE90-115B engine fitted on the Boeing 777-300ER, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the ""World's Most Powerful Commercial Jet Engine,"" has a thrust of 569 kN (127,900

Thrust
lbf). The power needed to generate thrust and the force of the thrust can be related in a non-linear way. In general, formula_3. The proportionality constant varies, and can be solved for a uniform flow: Note that these calculations are only valid for when the incoming air is accelerated from a standstill – for example when hovering. The inverse of the proportionality constant, the ""efficiency"" of an otherwise-perfect thruster, is proportional to the area of the cross section of the propelled volume of fluid (formula_8) and the density of the fluid (formula_9). This helps to explain why moving through water

Thrust
or not. Now, imagine the strong chain is broken, and the jet and the piston aircraft start to move. At low speeds: The piston engine will have constant 100% power, and the propeller's thrust will vary with speed The jet engine will have constant 100% thrust, and the engine's power will vary with speed If a powered aircraft is generating thrust T and experiencing drag D, the difference between the two, T − D, is termed the excess thrust. The instantaneous performance of the aircraft is mostly dependent on the excess thrust. Excess thrust is a vector and is determined

Mesolithic
to reflect the lunar phases. Both are dated to before c. 9,000 BP (the 8th millennium BC). As the ""Neolithic package"" (including farming, herding, polished stone axes, timber longhouses and pottery) spread into Europe, the Mesolithic way of life was marginalized and eventually disappeared. Mesolithic adaptations such as sedentism, population size and use of plant foods are cited as evidence of the transition to agriculture. In one sample from the Blätterhöhle in Hagen, it seems that the descendants of Mesolithic people maintained a foraging lifestyle for more than 2000 years after the arrival of farming societies in the area; such

Prehistory
societies were able to live well on rich food supplies from the marshlands fostered by the warmer climate. Such conditions produced distinctive human behaviours that are preserved in the material record, such as the Maglemosian and Azilian cultures. These conditions also delayed the coming of the Neolithic until as late as 4000 BCE (6,000 BP) in northern Europe. Remains from this period are few and far between, often limited to middens. In forested areas, the first signs of deforestation have been found, although this would only begin in earnest during the Neolithic, when more space was needed for agriculture. The

goats. By about 6,900–6,400 BCE, it included domesticated cattle and pigs, the establishment of permanently or seasonally inhabited settlements, and the use of pottery. The Neolithic period saw the development of early villages, agriculture, animal domestication, tools and the onset of the earliest recorded incidents of warfare. The Neolithic era commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the ""Neolithic Revolution"". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age).The term ""Neolithic"" is commonly used in the Old World, as its application to cultures in the

Mesolithic is characterized in most areas by small composite flint tools — microliths and microburins. Fishing tackle, stone adzes and wooden objects, e.g. canoes and bows, have been found at some sites. These technologies first occur in Africa, associated with the Azilian cultures, before spreading to Europe through the Ibero-Maurusian culture of Northern Africa and the Kebaran culture of the Levant. Independent discovery is not always ruled out. ""Neolithic"" means ""New Stone Age."" Although there were several species of human beings during the Paleolithic, by the Neolithic only ""Homo sapiens sapiens"" remained. (""Homo floresiensis"" may have survived right up to

to 10,000 BP and in North Africa to ~4,700 BP. The term is less used of areas further east, and not at all beyond Eurasia and North Africa. The type of culture associated with the Mesolithic varies between areas, but it is associated with a decline in the group hunting of large animals in favour of a broader hunter-gatherer way of life, and the development of more sophisticated and typically smaller lithic tools and weapons than the heavy chipped equivalents typical of the Paleolithic. Depending on the region, some use of pottery and textiles may be found in sites allocated

also became a regular part of the diet. A number of factors have been suggested for the extinction: certainly over-hunting, but also deforestation and climate change. The net effect was to fragment the vast ranges required by the large animals and extinguish them piecemeal in each fragment. Around 2 million years ago, ""Homo habilis"" is believed to have constructed the first man-made structure in East Africa, consisting of simple arrangements of stones to hold branches of trees in position. A similar stone circular arrangement believed to be around 380,000 years old was discovered at Terra Amata, near Nice, France. (Concerns

Prehistory Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems. The earliest writing systems appeared 5,300 years ago, but it took thousands of years for writing to be widely adopted and it was not used in some human cultures until the 19th century or even until the present. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different dates in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus valley civilization and

early art, and the use of increasingly sophisticated multi-part tools are highlights of the Middle Paleolithic. Throughout the Palaeolithic, humans generally lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers. Hunter-gatherer societies tended to be very small and egalitarian, though hunter-gatherer societies with abundant resources or advanced food-storage techniques sometimes developed sedentary lifestyles with complex social structures such as chiefdoms, and social stratification. Long-distance contacts may have been established, as in the case of Indigenous Australian ""highways"" known as songlines. The ""Mesolithic"", or ""Middle Stone Age"" (from the Greek """"mesos"""", ""middle"", and """"lithos"""", ""stone"") was a period in the development of human technology between the

Paleolithic
Paleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic () is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 99% of human technological prehistory. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene c. 11,650 cal BP. The Paleolithic is followed in Europe by the Mesolithic, although the date of the transition varies geographically by several thousand years. During the Paleolithic, hominins grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.

"The X-Files (season 2)"
""Little Green Men"", debuted with a Nielsen household rating of 10.3 and was viewed by 9.8 million households, marking a noticeable increase in viewership since the previous year. The series rose from number 111 to number 63 for the 1994–95 television year. In addition, the show's second season has generally received positive reviews from television critics. Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) is reassigned to teach at the FBI Academy while Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) is given lowly surveillance assignments. After he investigates extraterrestrial cases at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, Mulder is given a new partner, Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea),

The X-Files (season 2) The second season of the science fiction television series ""The X-Files"" commenced airing on the Fox network in the United States on September 16, 1994, concluded on the same channel on May 19, 1995, after airing all 25 episodes. The series follows Federal Bureau of Investigation special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully, portrayed by David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson respectively, who investigate paranormal or supernatural cases, known as X-Files by the FBI. The second season of ""The X-Files"" takes place after the closure of the department following the events of the first season finale. In

X-Files, claiming that is what the conspirators will fear most. Scully turns up comatose in a hospital four week later with no explanation about how she got there. X provides Mulder with information allowing him to take revenge on her captors, but Mulder is instead convinced by Scully's sister Melissa to visit her bedside. Scully recovers and returns to work shortly thereafter. The agents later investigate a case involving alien biology being injected into teenagers in Wisconsin, and once again they encounter Deep Throat's killer, who is killed by the local sheriff. When investigating a case involving the murder of

"Resurrection (season 2)"
Resurrection (season 2) The American fantasy supernatural drama television series ""Resurrection"" was renewed for a second season on May 8, 2014, and aired from September 28, 2014 to January 25, 2015, on ABC in the United States. It was produced by ABC Studios, Brillstein Entertainment Partners and Plan B Entertainment with series creator Aaron Zelman serving as executive producer, alongside Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Joann Alfano and Jon Liebman. It was announced on July 15, 2014 that season 2 of ""Resurrection"" would begin airing on September 28, 2014. It was originally planned that the season would comprise 14 episodes; however,

"Dana Scully"
mother, Margaret Scully, dies after suffering a heart attack. In the show's tenth season finale, ""My Struggle II"", Scully is in a race against time to save humankind, creating a vaccine from her own extraterrestrial DNA. Throughout the series, her Catholic faith served as a cornerstone, although a contradiction to her otherwise rigid skepticism of the paranormal. Due to her career in science and medicine, she drifted from her Catholic Christian upbringing but remained somewhat entrenched in her religious beliefs. Scully almost always wears a gold cross necklace, given to her by her mother as a Christmas present when she

identical doctors, the agents come across a shapeshifting Alien Bounty Hunter (Brian Thompson) responsible for executing a series of alien clones. During this case a grown woman claiming to be Mulder's sister Samantha appears, telling Mulder of the Bounty Hunter's objectives and that she has the ability to identify him. When Scully is kidnapped by the Bounty Hunter, Mulder is forced to trade Samantha for her. During a botched attempt to kill the Bounty Hunter, Samantha is killed. However, it is discovered that this was simply one of many alien clones of Samantha. With the help of X, Mulder pursues

addition to stand-alone ""Monster-of-the-Week"" episodes, several episodes also furthered the alien conspiracy mythology that had begun to form. Season two introduced several recurring characters—X (Steven Williams), an informant to Mulder; Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea), Mulder's partner-turned-enemy; and the Alien Bounty Hunter (Brian Thompson), a shape-shifting assassin. The storylines were widely affected by the pregnancy of actress Gillian Anderson; it was decided that Scully would be kidnapped and abducted by aliens, explaining her absence and allowing her to appear comatose two episodes later, which ultimately added more intricacies to the mythology. The season earned seven Primetime Emmy Award nominations. The premiere

"Ally McBeal (season 2)"
McBeal: Season Two"" on October 7, 2002. and the U.S. on April 6, 2010. The second season had an average rating of 13.8 million viewers in the United States and was ranked #20 on the complete ranking sheet of all the year's shows. This was the highest rated season of ""Ally McBeal"". On the 51st Primetime Emmy Awards, the show won three Emmy Awards in the categories of ""Outstanding Comedy Series"", ""Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy Series or a Special"" for the episode ""Love's Illusions"", and the ""Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series"" for Tracey Ullman's portrayal of

"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 2)"
On May 23, 2016, it was announced that Gabrielle Ruiz, who portrays Valencia, was promoted to series regular for season two. In November, 2016, it was announced that Santino Fontana would be departing the series, with episode four of the second season resulting as his last as a series regular. """"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 2)"""" was released on March 3, 2017. It includes all the songs of season two, alongside Bloom's a cappella rough demos of ""Santa Ana Winds"" and ""Rebecca's Reprise"" alongside Adam Schlesinger and Stephen M. Gold's demo version of ""I'm Just a Girl in Love"",

"Ghost Whisperer (season 2)"
Ghost Whisperer (season 2) The second season of ""Ghost Whisperer"", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 22, 2006, concluded May 11, 2007, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles

"Equilateral triangle"
segments PD and DA with DA having length ""z"" and PD having length ""y"", then which also equals formula_41 if ""t"" ≠ ""q""; and which is the optic equation. There are numerous triangle inequalities that hold with equality if and only if the triangle is equilateral. An equilateral triangle is the most symmetrical triangle, having 3 lines of reflection and rotational symmetry of order 3 about its center. Its symmetry group is the dihedral group of order 6 ""D"". Equilateral triangles are the only triangles whose Steiner inellipse is a circle (specifically, it is the incircle). The integer-sided equilateral triangle

Equilateral triangle In geometry, an equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides are equal. In the familiar Euclidean geometry, an equilateral triangle is also equiangular; that is, all three internal angles are also congruent to each other and are each 60°. It is also a regular polygon, so it is also referred to as a regular triangle. Denoting the common length of the sides of the equilateral triangle as ""a"", we can determine using the Pythagorean theorem that: Denoting the radius of the circumscribed circle as ""R"", we can determine using trigonometry that: Many of these quantities

a triangle with any two sides ""a"" and ""b"", and an angle ""C"" between them is Each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°, so The sine of 60° is formula_50. Thus since all sides of an equilateral triangle are equal. Equilateral triangles have frequently appeared in man made constructions: Equilateral triangle In geometry, an equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides are equal. In the familiar Euclidean geometry, an equilateral triangle is also equiangular; that is, all three internal angles are also congruent to each other and are each 60°. It is also a regular polygon,

have simple relationships to the altitude (""h"") of each vertex from the opposite side: In an equilateral triangle, the altitudes, the angle bisectors, the perpendicular bisectors, and the medians to each side coincide. A triangle ""ABC"" that has the sides ""a"", ""b"", ""c"", semiperimeter ""s"", area ""T"", exradii ""r"", ""r"", ""r"" (tangent to ""a"", ""b"", ""c"" respectively), and where ""R"" and ""r"" are the radii of the circumcircle and incircle respectively, is equilateral if and only if any one of the statements in the following nine categories is true. Thus these are properties that are unique to equilateral triangles, and

triangles. In particular, the regular tetrahedron has four equilateral triangles for faces and can be considered the three-dimensional analogue of the shape. The plane can be tiled using equilateral triangles giving the triangular tiling. An equilateral triangle is easily constructed using a straightedge and compass, because 3 is a Fermat prime. Draw a straight line, and place the point of the compass on one end of the line, and swing an arc from that point to the other point of the line segment. Repeat with the other side of the line. Finally, connect the point where the two arcs intersect

is the only triangle with integer sides and three rational angles as measured in degrees. The equilateral triangle is the only acute triangle that is similar to its orthic triangle (with vertices at the feet of the altitudes) (the heptagonal triangle being the only obtuse one). Equilateral triangles are found in many other geometric constructs. The intersection of circles whose centers are a radius width apart is a pair of equilateral arches, each of which can be inscribed with an equilateral triangle. They form faces of regular and uniform polyhedra. Three of the five Platonic solids are composed of equilateral

the location of ""P"". Pompeiu's theorem states that, if ""P"" is an arbitrary point in an equilateral triangle ""ABC"", then there exists a triangle with sides of lengths ""PA"", ""PB"", and ""PC"". That is, ""PA"", ""PB"", and ""PC"" satisfy the triangle inequality that any two of them sum to at least as great as the third. By Euler's inequality, the equilateral triangle has the smallest ratio ""R""/""r"" of the circumradius to the inradius of any triangle: specifically, ""R""/""r"" = 2. The triangle of largest area of all those inscribed in a given circle is equilateral; and the triangle of smallest

"Equilateral polygon"
Equilateral polygon In geometry, three or more than three straight lines (or segment of a line) make a polygon and an equilateral polygon is a polygon which has all sides of the same length. Except in the triangle case, it need not be equiangular (need not have all angles equal), but if it does then it is a regular polygon. If the number of sides is at least five, an equilateral polygon need not be a convex polygon: it could be concave or even self-intersecting. All regular polygons and isotoxal polygons are equilateral. An equilateral triangle is a regular triangle

to the points where the angle bisectors of ∠""APB"", ∠""BPC"", and ∠""CPA"" cross the sides (""A"", ""B"", and ""C"" being the vertices). For any point P in the plane, with distances ""p"", ""q"", and ""t"" from the vertices A, B, and C respectively, For any point P on the inscribed circle of an equilateral triangle, with distances ""p"", ""q"", and ""t"" from the vertices, and For any point P on the minor arc BC of the circumcircle, with distances ""p"", ""q"", and ""t"" from A, B, and C respectively, and moreover, if point D on side BC divides PA into

root formula_33 of 1 the triangle is equilateral if and only if Given a point ""P"" in the interior of an equilateral triangle, the ratio of the sum of its distances from the vertices to the sum of its distances from the sides is greater than or equal to 2, equality holding when ""P"" is the centroid. In no other triangle is there a point for which this ratio is as small as 2. This is the Erdős–Mordell inequality; a stronger variant of it is Barrow's inequality, which replaces the perpendicular distances to the sides with the distances from ""P""

has been honoured with the wisden leading cricketer in the world award for 2016

"Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World"
selection, Don Bradman was listed the most, winning on ten occasions, while Garfield Sobers was the leading cricketer eight times. Engel noted that despite attempts to the contrary, the award maintains cricket's bias towards batsmen. Unlike ""Wisden""s Cricketers of the Year, players can be recognised more than once as the Leading Cricketer in the World, and eighteen players have been selected for multiple years. The majority of these have won the award twice, but five players have been recognised for three or more years: Don Bradman, Garfield Sobers, Jack Hobbs, Viv Richards and Shane Warne. In the 2007 edition which

published the notional historical winners, Engel noted with ""surprise and pleasure"" that these five players were the same as had been selected as ""Wisden""s five Cricketers of the Century. Sachin Tendulkar and Warne have both been selected as notional and actual winners, while Virender Sehwag was the first player to be recognised twice by ""Wisden"" as an actual winner since 2004. Kumar Sangakkara has since similarly been selected twice, and in 2012 he became the first player to be recognised twice in one edition of ""Wisden"", as both Leading Cricketer in the World and a Cricketer of the Year. Cricketers

from eight of the ten Test playing nations have been recognised for the award by ""Wisden"", only Bangladesh and Zimbabwe are not represented. Players from Australia and England dominate the list, having won more than half of the time, although this is disproportionately the case in the notional list. Prior to World War II, 34 of the 36 winners played for Australia or England. The ""actual"" award winners are more evenly distributed; Indian players have won four times, Australian and Sri Lankan players have won three times, South Africans twice, while only one English player has been recognised since 2004.

Engel recognised that the best players in the world were typically no longer playing English domestic cricket, and opted to select the Cricketers of the Year based on their performances anywhere in the world. This criterion was applied for the following three years, but in 2004 it reverted to being based on the English season, and a Leading Cricketer in the World was also selected. The recipient of the award is selected by the editor of ""Wisden"", with advice from cricket experts. An Australian, Ricky Ponting was chosen as the first winner of the award, for scoring 1,503 runs in

"WICB/WIPA Awards"
to complete a hat-trick. Apart from Lara, three cricketers have won the award more than once: Shivnarine Chanderpaul (2008 and 2009), Chris Gayle (2007 and 2011) and Marlon Samuels (2013 and 2016). Chanderpaul has won the Test Player of the Year award four times (2008, 2009, 2013 and 2014), the most by any player, while the ODI Player of the Year has been won twice each by Chanderpaul, Gayle and Samuels. The T20I Player of the Year award was introduced in 2010 and only Sunil Narine has won it more than once (in 2013 and 2014). The only award in

"2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final"
century. Victory meant that the West Indies had won their fourth ICC world championship after the 1975 and 1979 World Cups and the 2012 World Twenty20. It also gave them the honor of being the first to win two men's World Twenty20s and the first to win both the women's and men's tournaments on the same day. At the presentation ceremony, man of the match Marlon Samuels dedicated his award to Shane Warne, saying ""I answer with the bat, not the mic"". This was in response to an ongoing war-of-words between the two players that dates back to an altercation

of the Match performance, to lead England to a seven-wicket victory with 17 balls remaining. Despite subpar performances in Test and ODI play, the West Indies were confident heading into the tournament. Much of this was due to the number of players with IPL experience and that the majority were part of the 2012 champion squad, off-spinner Sunil Narine and all-rounder Kieron Pollard being notable exceptions. After prevailing against England, they defeated Sri Lanka in a rematch of the 2012 final and then South Africa. They suffered an upset loss to Afghanistan in their final group match, but with first

from Ben Stokes to seal the win. Only three West Indian batsmen reached double figures: Samuels, Brathwaite and Bravo. Samuels finished with an unbeaten 85 off 66, the highest score in World Twenty20 final history. Brathwaite broke the record for the most runs by a single batsman in the final over of a successful chase (Brathwaite's 24 beating Michael Hussey's 22 for Australia off Pakistan's Saeed Ajmal in the 2010 semifinals in St. Lucia). Samuels earned Man of the Match for his 85 not out for his second World Twenty20 final Man of the Match and his second final half

"ICC ODI Player of the Year Award"
the award is shared. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 ICC ODI Player of the Year Award The ICC One-day Player of the Year is an annual award presented since 2004 by the International Cricket Council to the best One Day International player. It is one of the annual ICC Awards. The recipient of the annual award is selected by an ""academy"" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18),

"Cricket World Cup awards"
awarded Man of the Match. Man of the Tournament 2007 – Glenn McGrath – 26 wickets Man of the Tournament 2011 – Yuvraj Singh – 362 Runs and 15 wickets Yuvraj Singh of India had a great tournament in 2011. Even though he had a golf ball sized tumour around his lungs (that was later diagnosed as cancer) he played his heart out and very significantly helped win India the World Cup. He performed well with both bat and ball in almost all games he played in. He scored a half century against England and The Netherlands. He impressed with

"The Witch of Blackbird Pond"
The Witch of Blackbird Pond The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959. In April 1687, 16 year-old Katherine Tyler (known throughout the story as Kit Tyler) leaves her home in Barbados after her grandfather dies and a 50-year-old man tries to marry her. She goes to Wethersfield, Connecticut to live with her Aunt Rachel, Uncle Matthew, and her 2 cousins , Judith and Mercy, in their Puritan community. In Connecticut, there is a

owns the ship completely head to toe and they go off to visit Uncle Matthew. Many places in the novel are actual locations in Old Wethersfield, Connecticut. They include: The Witch of Blackbird Pond The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959. In April 1687, 16 year-old Katherine Tyler (known throughout the story as Kit Tyler) leaves her home in Barbados after her grandfather dies and a 50-year-old man tries to marry her. She

brief stop in Saybrook, a small town just downriver from Wethersfield, where four new passengers board the ""Dolphin"", the ship on which Kit is traveling. As the small rowboat returns to the ship, a small girl named Prudence accidentally drops her doll in the water and begs her mother to get it back for her. Her mother, Goodwife Cruff, harshly strikes Prudence and tells her not to be foolish. Impulsively, Kit jumps into the water and retrieves the doll. She nearly freezes in the frigid water because she was used to the pleasantly warm water in Barbados, her old home.

believes Kit fears risking her engagement to William Ashby. After the ""Dolphin"" sails away, Kit returns home to find that Mercy's fever has broken. In the middle of the same night, the townspeople come for Kit; Goodwife Cruff's husband has accused Kit of being a witch. The next day, after a night in the sheriff's freezing shed, she is asked to explain the presence of her hornbook in Hannah's house and a copybook with Prudence's name written throughout, as the townspeople fear that she and Hannah had been casting a spell over the girl. Kit refuses to explain that it

"Witch House"
Witch House Witch House is a fantasy novel by American writer Evangeline Walton. It was published in 1945 by Arkham House in an edition of 3,000 copies. It was the first full-length novel to be published by Arkham House and was listed as the initial book in the Library of Arkham House Novels of Fantasy and Terror. An expanded version, with a newly-written 20,000-word prologue, was published in England in 1950. In 2013, Centipede Press issued the first American edition of this revised version, also including previously unpublished writings by Walton and several of her short stories. According to Robert

"Witch Week"
over again, yet with such humor and extravagant imagination and devastating satire that few readers will imagine that they are being civilised as they read. ""Witch Week"" was named a ""School Library Journal"" Book of the Year. (ISFDB). Retrieved 2012-04-28. • Select a title to see its linked publication history and general information. Select a particular edition (title) for more data at that level, such as a front cover image or linked contents. Witch Week Witch Week is a children's fantasy novel and school story by the British writer Diana Wynne Jones, published by Macmillan Children's Books in 1982. It

"The Witch of Edmonton"
depicts a bigamist who murders his second wife at the devil's prompting, and the other depicts a clownish yokel who befriends the devil-dog. Written and first acted in 1621, the play was not published until 1658. It was entered into the Stationers' Register on 21 May that year; the edition that followed was issued by the bookseller Edward Blackmore. The title page of the first edition attributes the play to ""divers well-esteemed Poets; William Rowley, Thomas Dekker, John Ford, &c."" Scholars have generally ignored the ""et cetera"" and assigned the play to the three named playwrights—though a few have noted

"The Water-Witch"
The Water-Witch The Water Witch is an 1830 novel by James Fenimore Cooper. Set in 17th century New York and the surrounding sea, the novel depicts the abduction of a woman, Alida de Barbérie, by the pirate captain of the brigantine ""Water Witch"", and the subsequent pursuit of that elusive ship by her suitor, Captain Ludlow. Cooper wrote the novel, while on an extended tour of Europe, during his stay in the villa Palazzu detta del Tasso near Naples. Cooper tried to print the novel while he was in Italy in 1829 but Papal censors forbade its publication in Italy.

trouble for returning and evades capture, Matthew Wood intervenes on his behalf and gets the sentence remitted because Nat came back to see justice done, not to cause further mayhem. Soon after, two engagements are announced: Mercy to John Holbrook and Judith to William Ashby. Kit decides to return to Barbados. However, she soon realizes that she is truly in love with Nat, and she waits for him to return. Nat returns to Wethersfield with his half bought ship, the ""Witch"", named after for Kit. Kit asks to come on board the ""Witch"" but Nat says no, not until he

is Prudence herself who wrote her name in the book, as she does not wish Prudence to get in trouble with her parents. Then, just as the case seems to be decided, Nat appears with Prudence, who testifies that she herself wrote her name in the hornbook. To demonstrate her literacy, Prudence reads a Bible passage and writes her name, thus convincing her father both that she is intelligent and that no witchcraft could be involved, as the devil would be foolish to allow a child to be taught to use the Bible against himself. While Nat is initially in

"Electoral system"
is the most common system used for presidential elections around the world, being used in 88 countries. It is also used in 20 countries for electing the legislature. If no candidate achieves a majority of votes in the first round of voting, a second round is held to determine the winner. In most cases the second round is limited to the top two candidates from the first round, although in some elections more than two candidates may choose to contest the second round; in these cases the second round is decided by plurality voting. Some countries use a modified form

for either or both offices receives a majority, then choice falls to Congress in a procedure known as contingent election. Even though the aggregate national popular vote is calculated by state officials, media organizations, and the Federal Election Commission, the people only indirectly elect the president, as the national popular vote is not the basis for electing the president or vice president. The president and vice president of the United States are elected by the Electoral College, which consists of 538 presidential electors from the fifty states and Washington, D.C. Presidential electors are selected on a state-by-state basis, as determined

population would entitle it to only three electors; based on its population per electoral vote, D.C. has the second highest per capita Electoral College representation, after Wyoming. Currently, there is a total of 538 electors, there being 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors allocated to Washington, D.C. The six states with the most electors are California (55), Texas (38), New York (29), Florida (29), Illinois (20), and Pennsylvania (20). The seven smallest states by population—Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming—have three electors each. This is because each of these states is entitled to

largest state, had 3.3 times more individual power to choose a president than voters of Montana, the largest of the states allocating the minimum of three electors. Because Banzhaf's method ignores the demographic makeup of the states, it has been criticized for treating votes like independent coin-flips. More empirically based models of voting yield results that seem to favor larger states less. In practice, the winner-take-all manner of allocating a state's electors generally decreases the importance of minor parties. However, it has been argued the Electoral College is not a cause of the two-party system, and that it had a

slavery. The closest the United States has come to abolishing the Electoral College occurred during the 91st Congress (1969–1971). The presidential election of 1968 resulted in Richard Nixon receiving 301 electoral votes (56% of electors), Hubert Humphrey 191 (35.5%), and George Wallace 46 (8.5%) with 13.5% of the popular vote. However, Nixon had received only 511,944 more popular votes than Humphrey, 43.5% to 42.9%, less than 1% of the national total. Representative Emanuel Celler (D–New York), chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, responded to public concerns over the disparity between the popular vote and electoral vote by introducing House Joint

into effect until the number of states agreeing to the compact form a majority (at least 270) of all electors. Some scholars have suggested that of the Constitution requires congressional consent before the compact could be enforceable; thus, any attempted implementation of the compact without congressional consent could face court challenges to its constitutionality. As of , 11 states and the District of Columbia have joined the compact; collectively, these jurisdictions control 172 electoral votes, which is 64% of the 270 required for the compact to take effect. Only strongly ""blue"" states have joined the compact, each of which returned

what these proponents view as regional minorities until they can moderate their views to win broad, long-term support across the nation. Advocates of a national popular vote for president suggest that this effect would also be true in popular vote elections. Of 918 elections for governor between 1948 and 2009, for example, more than 90% were won by candidates securing more than 50% of the vote, and none have been won with less than 35% of the vote. According to this argument, the fact the Electoral College is made up of real people instead of mere numbers allows for human

than either a simple national plurality or majority. Neither is this feature attributable to having intermediate elections of presidents, caused instead by the winner-takes-all method of allocating each state's slate of electors. Allocation of electors in proportion to the state's popular vote could reduce this effect. Proponents of a national popular vote point out that the combined population of the 50 biggest cities (not including metropolitan areas) only amounts to 15% of the population, although on a Metropolitan Statistical Area basis, the top 50 cities in 2017 comprise over 179 million people amounting to 55% of the U.S. population. They

"National Popular Vote Interstate Compact"
Amendment, which mandates equal protection of law and prohibits racial discrimination, would be prohibited). The Constitution does not mandate any particular legislative scheme for selecting electors, and instead vests state legislatures with the exclusive power to choose how to allocate its own electors. States have chosen various methods of allocation over the years, with regular changes in the nation's early decades. Today, all but two states (Maine and Nebraska) award all their electoral votes to the candidate with the most votes statewide. Because of the way states have historically chosen to apportion their electoral votes, presidential candidates have lost the

to deliver their votes as a single bloc. Countervailing analyses which do take into consideration the sizes of the electoral voting blocs, such as the Banzhaf power index (BPI) model based on probability theory lead to very different conclusions about voters relative power. In 1968, John F. Banzhaf III (who developed the Banzhaf power index) determined that a voter in the state of New York had, on average, 3.312 times as much voting power in presidential elections as a voter in any other U.S. state. It was found that based on 1990 census and districting, individual voters in California, the

what is the breakdown product formed when one phosphate group is removed from atp

more stable. Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups in ATP is especially exergonic, because the resulting orthophosphate group is greatly stabilized by multiple resonance structures, making the products (ADP and P) much lower in energy than the reactant (ATP). The high negative charge density associated with the three adjacent phosphate units of ATP also destabilizes the molecule, making it higher in energy. Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions, liberating useful energy in the process by causing conformational changes in enzyme structure. In humans, approximately 60 percent of the energy released from the hydrolysis of one mole of ATP produces metabolic

Hydrolysis
of energy for two main purposes: the biosynthesis of micro and macromolecules, and the active transport of ions and molecules across cell membranes. The energy derived from the oxidation of nutrients is not used directly but, by means of a complex and long sequence of reactions, it is channelled into a special energy-storage molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP molecule contains pyrophosphate linkages (bonds formed when two phosphate units are combined together) that release energy when needed. ATP can undergo hydrolysis in two ways: the removal of terminal phosphate to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate, or the removal

Hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one. The hydrolysis of water is the separation of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms (water splitting) using electricity (electrolysis). Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to affect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g. sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is termed saccharification. Generally, hydrolysis or saccharification is a step in the degradation of a substance. Hydrolysis

"Dehydration reaction"
of two monosaccharides, is called a disaccharide. The process of hydrolysis is the reverse reaction, meaning that the water is recombined with the two hydroxyl groups and the disaccharide reverts to being monosaccharides. In the related condensation reaction water is released from two different reactants. In organic synthesis, there are many examples of dehydration reaction, for example dehydration of alcohols or sugars. Other examples of dehydration synthesis reactions are the formation of triglycerides from fatty acids and the formation of glycosidic bonds between carbohydrate molecules, such as the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules. Dehydration reaction In chemistry, a

Dephosphorylation
as serine, threonine, and tyrosine within specific target proteins is a fundamental part of the regulation of every physiologic process. Phosphorylation involves the covalent modification of the hydroxyl with a phosphate group through the nucleophilic attack of the alpha phosphate in ATP by the oxygen in the hydroxyl. Dephosphorylation involves removal of the phosphate group through a hydration reaction by addition of a molecule of water and release of the original phosphate group, regenerating the hydroxyl. Both processes are reversible and either mechanism can be used to activate or deactivate a protein. Phosphorylation of a protein produces many biochemical effects,

Carbohydrate catabolism Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy rich compound called ATP. The production of ATP is achieved through the oxidation of glucose molecules. In oxidation, the electrons are stripped from a glucose molecule to reduce NAD+ and FAD. NAD+ and FAD possess a high energy potential to drive the production of ATP in the electron transport chain. ATP production occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. There are two methods of producing ATP: aerobic and anaerobic. In aerobic respiration, oxygen is required. Oxygen plays a key role as it increases ATP production from 4 ATP

heat rather than fuel the actual reactions taking place. Due to the acid-base properties of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, the hydrolysis of ATP has the effect of lowering the pH of the reaction medium. Under certain conditions, high levels of ATP hydrolysis can contribute to lactic acidosis. Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process. The amount of released energy depends on the conditions in a particular cell. Specifically, the energy released is dependent on concentrations of ATP, ADP and P. As the concentrations of these molecules deviate from values at equilibrium, the value of Gibbs

Phosphorylation
fluorescence polarization, fluorescence-quenching, mobility shift, bead-based detection, and cell-based formats. ATP, the ""high-energy"" exchange medium in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is also synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis. ATP is synthesized at the expense of solar energy by photophosphorylation in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group. Together with its counterpart, dephosphorylation, it is critical for many cellular processes in biology. Phosphorylation is especially important for protein

what tool is available from microsoft as an alternative to the usmt for smaller migrations

"User State Migration Tool"
User State Migration Tool The User State Migration Tool (USMT) is a Microsoft command line utility program intended to allow advanced users, comfortable with Scripting languages, to transfer files and settings between PCs. This task is also performed by Windows Easy Transfer, recommended for general users. USMT supports the high-volume, automated deployment of files and settings from Microsoft Windows versions 2000, XP, Vista and Windows 7 and is useful in migrating user settings and files during OS upgrades. 32-bit to 64-bit migrations are supported, but 64-bit to 32-bit are not. Because USMT has high complexity and a command line interface,

Users (and their data) to transfer is controlled by other switches. An example of a ""load data on to PC"" command could look like this (in one line – newlines and indents added here for readability): The ""Scanstate"" command is similar in complexity. Both commands require strict adherence to syntax. Because of the complexity of USMT command-line input, there are third-party GUI front-ends available on the Internet, e.g. Both of these examples are out of date but there are up to date commercial GUI's for USMT. User State Migration Tool The User State Migration Tool (USMT) is a Microsoft command

there have been several attempts to provide access to its useful functionality by creating GUI wrappers for it. USMT 3.0.1 and 2.6.2 are available publicly. USMT 3.0.2 is a limited private release on Microsoft Connect for select affected customers. USMT 4 is included in the Windows Automated Installation Kit. USMT 5 and later versions are included in the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK). USMT transfers USMT was designed to move settings and data from one Windows-based computer to another. It is a command-line tool designed for system administrators and is an alternative to other GUI tools (e.g. Files and

"Migration (virtualization)"
more frequently used with network services and user applications, and these can generally tolerate the brief delays which may be involved. The perceived impact, if any, is similar to a longer-than-usual kernel delay. The actual process is heavily dependent on the particular virtualization package in use, but in general, the process is as follows: Note that in practice, regular maintenance operations are required to ""merge down"" the snapshot stack into a more manageable number of files, to improve performance and optimize storage (redundant overwrites are merged out). Migration is similar to the failover capability some virtualization suites provide. In true

Timatic
Timatic Timatic is the database containing cross border passenger documentation requirements. Timatic stands for Travel Information Manual Automatic and is used by airport ground staff to determine whether a passenger can be carried, as well as by airlines and travel agents to provide this information to travellers at the time of booking. This is critical for airlines due to the fines levied by immigration authorities every time a passenger is carried who does not have the correct travel documentation, as well as the airline's costs to return the incorrectly-boarded passenger to the original airport from which the passenger departed. The

Pseudolocalization
have been released with some pseudo-localized strings intact. For these recent version of Windows, the pseudo-localized build is the primary staging build (the one created routinely for testing), and the final English language build is a ""localized"" version of that. Besides the tools used internally by Microsoft, other internationalization tools now include pseudolocalization options. These tools include Alchemy Catalyst from Alchemy Software Development, SDL Passolo from SDL and Globalyst from g11n. Such tools include pseudo-localization capability, including ability to view rendered Pseudo-localized dialogs and automating the testing process itself. While tools like Globalyst complete the whole process of creating pseudolocalised

"Office of Biometric Identity Management"
Office of Biometric Identity Management United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (commonly referred to as US-VISIT) is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) management system. The system involves the collection and analysis of biometric data (such as fingerprints), which are checked against a database to track individuals deemed by the United States to be terrorists, criminals, and illegal immigrants. US-VISIT is accessed by 30,000 users from federal, state, and local government agencies. Upon Presidential approval of the 2013 Continuing resolution the US-VISIT program officially became the ""Office of Biometric Identity Management"" (OBIM), save for portions of the

Settings Transfer Wizard and Windows Easy Transfer). USMT is designed to perform mass migrations and allows customizations designed for corporate environments. With Windows 8, many settings and data are now being synchronized in cloud services via a Microsoft Account and OneDrive. USMT consists of two separate programs. Scanstate.exe scans the source PC for the data and settings and stores it in a .MIG file. Loadstate migrates the data and settings from the .MIG file onto the target PC. What to transfer is specified as commandline switches in the configuration XML files migapp.xml, migsys.xml, miguser.xml and other optional Config.xml files. Which

Finalizer
most once, which requires tracking if the object has been finalized yet. In other cases, notably CLR languages like C#, finalization is tracked separately from the objects themselves, and objects can be repeatedly registered or deregistered for finalization. Finalizers can cause a significant number of problems, and are thus strongly discouraged by a number of authorities. These problems include: Further, finalizers may fail to run due to object remaining reachable beyond when they are expected to be garbage, either due to programming errors or due to unexpected reachability. For example, when Python catches an exception (or an exception is not

"Second Level Address Translation"
2 MB pages removes one level in the page table). Since memory is typically allocated to virtual machines at coarse granularity, using large pages for guest-physical translation is an obvious optimization, reducing the depth of look-ups and the memory required for host page tables. Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI), known as Nested Page Tables (NPT) during its development, is an AMD second generation hardware-assisted virtualization technology for the processor memory management unit (MMU). A VMware research paper found that RVI offers up to 42% gains in performance compared with software-only (shadow page table) implementation. Tests conducted by Red Hat showed a

"Designated Survivor (TV series)"
series would premiere on September 21, 2016. Eight days after the premiere, on September 29, 2016, ABC gave the series a full season order. Created by David Guggenheim, the series is executive produced by Simon Kinberg, Sutherland, Suzan Bymel, Aditya Sood, and Nick Pepper. Paul McGuigan directed the pilot episode. Amy B. Harris was set to be the showrunner in February 2016, but after the series' official pick-up in May, it was announced she would be stepping down due to creative differences, and that Jon Harmon Feldman was in talks to replace her. In July 2016, Feldman was confirmed as

showrunner/executive producer. In December 2016, Jeff Melvoin was hired as showrunner, replacing the departing Feldman, and supervised the second half of the season. The series was renewed for a second season on May 11, 2017, which premiered on September 27, 2017. For the second season, writer Keith Eisner serves as the showrunner. Kal Penn, formerly associate director in the White House's Office of Public Engagement, serves as a consultant for the series as well as acting in the main cast. On May 11, 2018, ABC canceled the series after two seasons due to a high turnover of showrunners and declining

straight to series on December 14, 2015, followed by a formal announcement on May 6, 2016. The first episode premiered on September 21, 2016, with a full season order coming eight days later. The series was renewed for a second season on May 11, 2017, which premiered on September 27, 2017. On May 11, 2018, ABC canceled the series. However, on September 5, 2018, Netflix and Entertainment One (which both held the international distribution rights to ""Designated Survivor"") picked the series up for a third season of 10 episodes, to be released in 2019 with production being solely handled by

ratings. Shortly after, eOne announced they were in ""active discussions"" with other networks to revive the show, including Netflix, which streams the series internationally. On September 5, 2018, it was confirmed that Netflix had picked up the series for a third season of 10 episodes, to be released in 2019. Neal Baer will serve as the series showrunner, the fifth person to do so. The first two seasons were produced by ABC Studios, The Mark Gordon Company, and eOne, with filming in Toronto, Ontario. For the third season, ABC Studios will not be involved with eOne (which had fully acquired

be reached with Hulu, who held the streaming rights to the first two seasons in the United States; the first two seasons moved to Netflix in the United States and Canada during October 2018. A teaser trailer for ""Designated Survivor"" was released on May 6, 2016, with the full trailer released on May 17. Producers and some of the cast members promoted the series at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2016, showing a special preview screening with co-stars Maggie Q and Kal Penn in attendance. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave Season 1 of the series an approval rating of

"Designated Survivor (season 1)"
the Union, an explosion claims the lives of the President and everyone in the line of succession except for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Thomas Kirkman, who had been named the designated survivor. Kirkman is immediately sworn in as President, unaware that the attack is just the beginning of what is to come. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ""Designated Survivor"" was ordered straight to series by ABC in December 2015, with a formal announcement of 13 episodes in May 2016. A month later, ABC revealed that the series would premiere on September 21, 2016. Eight days after the premiere, on September 29, 2016,

House Counsel Kendra Daynes, and Damian Rennett, respectively. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Anthony Edwards, Julie White and Elena Tovar were cast in the recurring roles of Mars Harper, Lorraine Zimmer and Isabel respectively. ""Designated Survivor"" began airing on September 21, 2016, on ABC in the United States, and CTV in Canada. Netflix aired the series outside the United States and Canada, adding the episodes weekly, with distribution handled by eOne. For the third season, ""Designated Survivor"" will release globally on Netflix. Before Netflix announced it would release the third season, an agreement had to

"Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X"
a 90-minute episode and ended on December 14, 2016 when Adam Klein was unanimously awarded the title of Sole Survivor over Ken McNickle and Hannah Shapiro by a jury vote of 10–0–0. This season featured the first full cast evacuation, where all contestants were removed on the second day of competition due to Severe Tropical Cyclone Zena; the castaways were returned to their camps the next morning and no additional time was needed to complete the game. A DVD release of the season was released by Amazon.com on November 21, 2018. The cast is composed of 20 new players, initially

eOne. On the night of the President's State of the Union address, an explosion destroys the United States Capitol building and claims the lives of the President and everyone in the line of succession except for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Thomas Kirkman, who had been named the designated survivor. Kirkman is immediately sworn in as President, unaware that the attack is just the beginning of what is to come. ""Designated Survivor"" was ordered straight to series by ABC in December 2015, with a formal announcement of 13 episodes in May 2016. A month later, ABC revealed that the

Housing and Urban Development who suddenly becomes President. Sutherland had no intention of returning to television; he read the first script of the series and changed his mind, saying, ""I remember getting to the end of the script and thinking I was potentially holding the next 10 years of my life in my hands."" In February 2016, it was announced that Kal Penn had been cast as Kirkman's speech writer; Maggie Q as Hannah, the lead FBI agent on the bombing of the Capitol; Natascha McElhone as Kirkman's wife, an EEOC attorney; and Italia Ricci as Emily, Kirkman's Chief of

"New York City Half Marathon"
marathon medalists Catherine Ndereba, Meb Keflezighi, and Deena Kastor, 2008 U.S. Olympic marathoner Dathan Ritzenhein, and American half marathon record holder Ryan Hall. Gebrselassie set the men's course record in 2007, with a time of 59:24. On March 20, 2016, Molly Huddle set the women's record with a time of 1:07:41. In its earlier years, the event was run on various dates in the summer; in 2010, it was moved to March. The 2010 race had a field of 14,821 registered runners and 11,604 finishers. Mary Wittenberg, president of the NYRR, said in 2010 that she expects a possible growth

with a prosthetic leg when he finished the 1976 New York City Marathon. The marathon grew in popularity two years later when Norwegian Grete Waitz broke the women's world record, finishing in 2:32:30. She went on to win the race an unprecedented nine times. An official wheelchair and handcycle division was introduced in 2000, and starting in 2002, the elite women are given a 35-minute head start before the elite men and rest of the field. During the 1970s, the race was run in September. In the 1980s, race day was moved from September to late October. In the 1990s,

with the exception of 2012, when it was cancelled due to the landfall of Hurricane Sandy. In past years, it has been sponsored by the financial group ING. In 2014, Tata Consultancy Services, a multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting, and business solutions company headquartered in India, began an eight-year term as the title sponsor. The race is held on the first Sunday of November and attracts professional competitors and amateurs from all over the world. Because of the popularity of the race, participation is chosen largely by a lottery system. Guaranteed entry to the marathon can be gained by

Deba with a time of 2:23:19. There were a world record 46,795 official finishers: 29,867 men and 16,928 women. Edison Peña, famous for maintaining his running routine during the 69 days he was trapped in the 2010 Copiapó mining accident, ran the race. Former NHL player, Mark Messier, finished with a time just over 4 hours at age 50. Retired Dutch soccer player, Edwin van der Sar, ran in 4:19 and said it was the toughest thing he had ever done. Former CART champion Alex Zanardi won the handcycle class. The 2012 marathon was scheduled for November 4, 2012. Organizers

New York area on WNBC, and on Universal Sports for the entire country, However, in 2013, WABC-TV and ESPN announced they would begin broadcasting the New York City Marathon. The Marathon can also be watched online. On September 29, 1974, Norbert Sander and Kathrine Switzer became the only New York City residents to win the New York City Marathon. Grete Waitz, the Norwegian long distance runner, sets a new course record for women at 2:32:30 and wins her first New York Marathon. Waitz goes on to win 9 New York Marathons, the most course wins in any category to date.

"Lisa Lopes"
into the car, and Lopes ""cradled the dying boy's bleeding head in her arms"" while ""someone gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation as they rushed him to a nearby hospital."" He died the next day. Lopes paid approximately $3,700 for his medical expenses and funeral, and she gave the family around $925 for any extra costs, although it was apparently agreed upon by the authorities and the boy's family that his death was an ""unforeseeable tragedy"" and no blame was placed on the driver of the van or Lopes. In the documentary ""The Last Days of Left Eye"", Lopes is shown choosing

"Ann Doran"
appeared in the first episode of the ABC western series ""The Legend of Jesse James"" as Zerelda James Samuel, the mother of Jesse and Frank James. She also appeared on the program ""M*A*S*H"" as Nurse Meg Cratty, who runs an orphanage in Korea. In the Season Four episode ""The Kids"", Cratty and her charges bunked with the M*A*S*H unit to avoid snipers. Doran died at age 89 on September 19, 2000, in Carmichael, California. Following her death, her remains were cremated and scattered off at sea. She bequeathed $400,000 to the Motion Picture Country House, the retirement home for the

"Eyes Wide Shut"
in England because his wife Nicole Kidman was there shooting ""The Portrait of a Lady"", and eventually Cruise decided to visit Kubrick's estate with Kidman. After that meeting, the director awarded them the roles. Jennifer Jason Leigh and Harvey Keitel each were cast and filmed by Kubrick. Due to scheduling conflicts, both had to drop out – first Keitel with ""Finding Graceland"", then Leigh with ""eXistenZ"" – and they were replaced by Sydney Pollack and Marie Richardson in the final cut. Principal photography began in November 1996. Kubrick's perfectionism led to script pages being rewritten on the set, and most

"Leelee Sobieski"
Leelee Sobieski Liliane Rudabet Gloria Elsveta ""Leelee"" Sobieski (born June 10, 1983) is a retired American actress. She achieved fame in her teens with roles in films such as ""Deep Impact"" (1998), ""Eyes Wide Shut"", ""Never Been Kissed"" (both 1999), ""Joy Ride"" and ""The Glass House"" (both 2001). She received Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her portrayal of the title character in the television film ""Joan of Arc"" (1999), and a further Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the miniseries ""Uprising"" (2001). Sobieski continued to work in films and on television up until 2016, when it

"Blink of an Eye (Tori Kelly song)"
autographs during a meet and greet event following her performance at The Plaza Live in Orlando, Florida. Grimmie was pronounced dead about thirty minutes later, and her death was reported early the following morning. Numerous artists and others in the music industry posted tributes to Grimmie via their social media accounts. Kelly tweeted, ""I have no words. RIP Christina. See you again, love. Isaiah 25:8"". Kelly had met Grimmie through their mutual friends, and the women had similar careers; Grimmie's death ""at a meet and greet was also just so close to home."" Though the song is specific to Grimmie,

"Nicolette Larson"
a result of complications arising from cerebral edema triggered by liver failure. According to Astrid Young, her friend and Neil Young's half-sister, Larson had been showing symptoms of depression, and her fatal seizure ""was in no small way related to her chronic use of Valium and Tylenol PM"". Larson's remains are buried in Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. A benefit concert was held in Larson's honor in February 1998 with tribute concerts held on the 10th anniversary of her death in December 2007 and also the following year. Reached No. 96 on the Black Singles

nothing to do with Mandy's death; she was a hooker and addict and had died from another accidental drug overdose. Bill does not know whether Ziegler is telling the truth about Nick's disappearance or Mandy's death. When he returns home, Bill finds the rented mask on his pillow next to his sleeping wife. He breaks down in tears and decides to tell Alice the whole truth of the past two days. The next morning, they go Christmas shopping with their daughter. Alice muses that they should be grateful that they have survived, that she loves him and there is something

a phone call from the director regarding the cut that would be screened for the Warner Bros. executives four days before his death: Garrett Brown, inventor of the Steadicam, has expressed that he considers ""Eyes Wide Shut"" to be an unfinished film: Nicole Kidman, one of the stars of the film, briefly wrote about the completion of the film and the release of the film being at the same time of John F. Kennedy Jr's death from her perspective: Jan Harlan, Kubrick's brother-in-law and executive producer, reported that Kubrick was ""very happy"" with the film and considered it to be

"Janis Babson"
Janis Babson Janis Anne Babson (September 9, 1950 – May 12, 1961) was a Canadian girl who received posthumous acclaim with the donation of her corneas for transplant after her death from leukemia at the age of 10. Her story was reported in a newspaper article syndicated across Canada, inspiring two books and other memorials. When Janis died of leukemia in 1961, corneal transplantation was a relatively unknown procedure. Although parents who lose young children frequently donate some of their organs to others, Janis's bequest was significant because the donation of her eyes at her death was her own idea,

another vehicle, was thrown from her car, and died instantly. She was working on a documentary at the time of her death, which was released as ""The Last Days of Left Eye"" and aired on VH1 in May 2007. Lopes was born in 1971 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Wanda Denise (née Andino), a seamstress, and Ronald Lopes Sr., a US Army staff sergeant, She was of Cape Verdean, Portuguese and African American descent. She had a younger brother, Ronald Jr., and a younger sister, Raina Anitra (who professionally goes by Reigndrop). Lopes said her father was ""very strict,

"Prime Minister of India"
to ensure the passage of bills by the parliament. Since 1947, there have been 14 different prime ministers. The first few decades after 1947 saw the Indian National Congress' (INC) almost complete domination over the political map of India. India's first prime minister—Jawaharlal Nehru—took oath on 15 August 1947. Nehru went on to serve as prime minister for 17 consecutive years, winning four general elections in the process. His tenure ended in May 1964, on his death. After the death of Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri—a former home minister and a leader of the Congress party—ascended to the position of prime

1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha. Narendra Modi—the Chief Minister of Gujarat—was elected prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in an independent India. The Constitution envisions a scheme of affairs in which the President of India is the head of state; in terms of Article 53 with office of the prime minister being the head of Council of Ministers to assist and advise the president in the discharge of his/her constitutional functions. To quote, Article 53, and 75 provide as under; Like most parliamentary democracies, the president's duties are mostly ceremonial as

"Jawaharlal Nehru"
would be the normal constitutional procedure. Jawaharlal Nehru Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was a freedom fighter, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also

That same year ""The Economist"" reported that, on a purchasing power parity basis, the prime minister received an equivalent of $4106 per year. As a percentage of the country's per-capita GDP (gross domestic product), this is the lowest of all countries ""The Economist"" surveyed. The 7, Lok Kalyan Marg—previously called the 7, Race Course Road—in New Delhi, serves as the official place of residence for the Prime Minister of India. For ground travel, the prime minister uses a highly modified, armoured version of a Range Rover, while for air travel, Boeing 777-300ERs—designated by the call sign Air India One (AI-1

and 40 years old at the time—was sworn in on the evening of 31 October 1984, becoming the youngest person ever to hold the office of prime minister. Rajiv immediately called for a general election. In the subsequent general election, the Congress secured an absolute majority, winning 401 of 552 seats in the Lok Sabha, the maximum number received by any party in the history of India. Vishwanath Pratap Singh—first finance minister and then later defence minister in Gandhi's cabinet—uncovered irregularities, in what became to be known as the Bofors scandal, during his stint at the Ministry of Defence; Singh

Jawaharlal Nehru Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was a freedom fighter, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to

to do so. After the end of Rao's tenure in May 1996, the nation saw four prime ministers in a span of three years, """", two tenures of Atal Bihari Vajpayee; one tenure of H. D. Deve Gowda from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997; and one tenure of I. K. Gujral from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998. The government of Prime Minister Vajpayee—elected in 1998—took some concrete steps. In May 1998—after a month in power—the government announced the conduct of five underground nuclear explosions in Pokhran. In response to these tests, many western countries, including the

the dissolution of the Soviet Union, India was on the brink of bankruptcy, so, Rao took steps to liberalise the economy, and appointed Manmohan Singh—an economist and a former governor of the Reserve Bank of India—as finance minister. Rao and Singh then took various steps to liberalise the economy, these resulted in an unprecedented economic growth in India. His premiership, however, was also a witness to the demolition of the Babri Masjid, which resulted in the death of about 2,000 people. Rao, however, did complete five continuous years in office, becoming the first prime minister outside of the Nehru—Gandhi family

"Morarji Desai"
nuclear test in 1974, Desai helped restore friendly relations with China and Pakistan, and vowed to avoid armed conflict such as Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. He was also accused of scaling down the Indian covert operations agency, the R&AW. He is the oldest person to become prime minister, aged 81, in the history of Indian politics. Morarji Desai was of Gujarati origin. He was born in Bhadeli village, Bulsar district, Bombay Presidency (now in Gujarat) on 29 February 1896, the oldest of eight children. His father was a school teacher. Desai underwent his primary schooling in Saurashtra The Kundla School,

Front, the Samajwadi Party (SP) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) among others—proved a majority in the Lok Sabha, and Manmohan Singh was elected prime minister; becoming the first Sikh prime minister of the nation. During his tenure, the country retained the economic momentum gained during Prime Minister Vajpayee's tenure. Apart from this, the government succeeded in getting the ""National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005"", and the ""Right to Information Act, 2005"" passed in the parliament. Further, the government strengthened India's relations with nations like Afghanistan; Russia; the Gulf states; and the United States, culminating with the ratification of India–United States

"Earle Hyman"
Earle Hyman Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ""ThunderCats"" as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on ""The Cosby Show"" as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable. Hyman was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, as George Earle Plummer according to the North Carolina Birth Index. He is believed to have been of Native American ancestry. His parents, Zachariah Hyman (Tuscarora/Meherrin) and Maria Lilly Plummer (Haliwa-Saponi/Nottoway), moved their family to Brooklyn, New York in the late 1920s, where Hyman

him an Emmy Award nomination in 1986. He played the father of lead character Cliff Huxtable, played by actor Bill Cosby, despite only being 11 years older than Cosby. Hyman, who never married or had children, died at age 91 on November 17, 2017, at the Lillian Booth Actors Home in Englewood, New Jersey. In Norway he was seen as a friend of the country and had a cabin in Skånevik. Earle Hyman learned speaking Norwegian through his live-in partner, the sailor Rolf Sirnes (1926–2004) from Haugesund. In the 1990s they lived in New York City. Earle Hyman Earle Hyman

"Gary LeRoi Gray"
Porter Ranch. Gary LeRoi Gray Gary LeRoi Gray (born February 12, 1987) is an actor involved with movies, television, and animation. He is best known for his childhood role as Nelson Tibideaux, the son of Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux and Elvin Tibideaux on the NBC sitcom ""The Cosby Show"". He appeared on the series during its eighth and final season (1991–1992). He also is known for his role as Nelson Minkler in the Disney Channel sitcom ""Even Stevens"", the voice of A.J. in ""The Fairly OddParents"". Some of Gary's better known voice roles include Charley on ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"",

"Kenneth Mars"
animated voice over film roles such as Littlefoot's grandfather in the ""Land Before Time"" series and that of Professor Screweyes in ""We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story"" (1993), and King Colbert (Prince Cornelius's father) in ""Thumbelina"" (1994). Mars was born in Chicago. His father, Bernard ""Sonny"" Mars, was a radio and television personality. He studied fine arts and acting at Northwestern University. After graduation he began acting in the early 1960s, then did small roles in theatre followed by TV and film. In 1977, he married Barbara Newborn. They had two daughters, Susannah and Rebecca, and six grandchildren. The marriage lasted

Gary LeRoi Gray Gary LeRoi Gray (born February 12, 1987) is an actor involved with movies, television, and animation. He is best known for his childhood role as Nelson Tibideaux, the son of Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux and Elvin Tibideaux on the NBC sitcom ""The Cosby Show"". He appeared on the series during its eighth and final season (1991–1992). He also is known for his role as Nelson Minkler in the Disney Channel sitcom ""Even Stevens"", the voice of A.J. in ""The Fairly OddParents"". Some of Gary's better known voice roles include Charley on ""Clifford the Big Red Dog"", A. J.

"Aaron Cleveland"
of the church in Newcastle, Delaware, but visiting Philadelphia for medical treatment, when he died under the hospitable roof of his friend, Benjamin Franklin. A tribute to his character appeared in Franklin's newspaper. Aaron Cleveland was the first minister for St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He is the great grand father of the president of United States Grover Cleveland. While in England, Aaron Cleveland became satisfied that the original spelling of the family name was “Cleveland,” as he and his descendants have since written it, while other American branches of the family generally retain the form

"Lone Horn"
Lone Horn Lone Horn (Lakota: Hewáŋžiča, or in historical spelling ""Heh-won-ge-chat"" or ""Ha-wón-je-tah""), also called One Horn (1790 –1877), born in present-day South Dakota), was chief of the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream) band of the Minneconjou Lakota. Lone Horn's sons were Spotted Elk (later known as Big Foot) and Touch the Clouds, and Crazy Horse was his nephew. He participated in the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, which reads ""Heh-won-ge-chat, his x mark, One Horn"" Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864) was Lone Horn's maternal uncle. Lone Horn died near Bear Butte in 1877 from old age.

"Elkanah Watson"
Elkanah Watson Elkanah Watson (January 22, 1758 – December 5, 1842) was a visionary traveler and writer, agriculturist and canal promoter, banker and businessman. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts and died at Port Kent, New York. He worked in Albany, New York for several years, founding the State Bank of Albany. After retiring in 1807 to a farm in Massachusetts, he raised Merino sheep and founded the agricultural fair, first organizing one at Pittsfield. Based on journals which he had kept since his 20s, Watson started writing his autobiography in 1821. It was completed, edited and published as ""Men

"Kenny Rogers"
and the MacShayne series as well as his appearance on ""The Muppet Show"". He is also a co-founder of the restaurant chain Kenny Rogers Roasters. Rogers was born the fourth of eight children on August 21, 1938, in Houston, Texas. His parents were Lucille Lois (née Hester; 1910–1991), a nurse's assistant, and Edward Floyd Rogers (1904–1975), a carpenter. Rogers is of Irish and Native American ancestry. Rogers attended Wharton Elementary School. He has five children from four of his five marriages. At his estate in Colbert, Georgia, Rogers keeps a pet goat named Smitty, having originally acquired the animal from

"Ralph Grayson"
within the field for a generation. Many of both the procedural and technological innovations he brought to the Air Traffic Control system outlived him, and remained in use into the 21st century. Ralph Grayson Ralph Lawrence Grayson (1921-1991) was a scientist, engineer, pilot, attorney, soldier, father and husband. He was born into poverty, the son of an Arkansas sharecropper. He went on to be a pioneer in network computing at both the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and NASA. Ralph Lawrence Grayson was born April 29, 1921 in Fort Smith, Arkansas; the eldest of eleven children born to Albert Grayson. The

in 1946. Although the book is a collection of letters but except one or two letters, all other letters are unique and most of the letters deal with complex issues such as existence of God, the origin of religions, the origin of music and its place in religion, etc. The book is primarily an Urdu language book; however, there are over five hundred of couplets, mostly in Persian and Arabic languages. It is because, Maulana was born in a family where Arabic and Persian were used more frequently than Urdu. He was born in Mekkah, given formal education in Persian

through the ""Al-Hilal"" newspaper. Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, then a part of the Ottoman Empire. His real name was Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini, but he eventually became known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Azad's father was a scholar who lived in Delhi with his maternal grandfather, as his father had died at a very young age. During the Sepoy Mutiny, he left India and settled in Mecca. His father Maulana Sayyid Muhammad Khairuddin bin Ahmed AlHussaini wrote twelve books, had thousands of disciples, and claimed noble ancestry, while his mother was

Abul Kalam Azad, written primarily during 1942 to 1946 when he was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort in Maharashtra by British Raj while he was in Bombay (now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of All India Congress Working Committee. The book is basically a collection of 24 letters he wrote addressing his close friend Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani. These letters were never sent to him because there was no permission for that during the imprisonment and after the release in 1946, he gave all these letters to his friend Ajmal Khan who let it published for the first time

"Abul Kalam Shamsuddin"
He along with some other writer formed a domestic literature society named Raonok. Shamsuddin was the secretary of this 21 member society of Islamist writers. Amongst them his autobiography Atit Jiboner Smriti is considered as his masterpiece. His other works are: Shamsuddin was awarded a number of awards in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Pakistan he was awarded the Sitara-i-Khidmat in 1961 and Sitara-i-Imtiaz in 1967. In 1969 during the revolution of people he protested against the government and refused his awards for the cause. He received the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1970. After the independence of Bangladesh, he was

brought out a monthly journal, ""Lissan-us-Sidq"", which soon gained popularity. At the age of thirteen, he was married to a young Muslim girl, Zulaikha Begum. Azad compiled many treatises interpreting the Qur'an, the ""Hadis"", and the principles of ""Fiqh"" and ""Kalam"". Azad developed political views considered radical for most Muslims of the time and became a full-fledged Indian nationalist. He fiercely criticised the British for racial discrimination and ignoring the needs of common people across India. He also criticised Muslim politicians for focusing on communal issues before the national interest and rejected the All India Muslim League's communal separatism. Azad

popularity increasing across India, the government outlawed Azad's second publication under the ""Defence of India Regulations Act"" and arrested him. The governments of the Bombay Presidency, United Provinces, Punjab and Delhi prohibited his entry into the provinces and Azad was moved to a jail in Ranchi, where he was incarcerated until 1 January 1920. Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including ""India Wins Freedom"", Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran (Urdu تذکرہ ترجمان القُران), etc. Ghubar-e-Khatir (""Sallies of Mind""), () is one of the most important works of Maulana

foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as ""National Education Day"" across India. As a young man, Azad composed poetry in Urdu, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy. He rose to prominence through his work as a journalist, publishing works critical of the British Raj and espousing the causes of Indian nationalism. Azad became the leader of the Khilafat Movement, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Azad became an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhi's ideas of non-violent civil disobedience, and worked to organise the non-co-operation movement in protest of the

a debating society before he was twelve; wanted to write on the life of Ghazali at twelve; was contributing learned articles to ""Makhzan"" (a literary magazine) at fourteen; was teaching a class of students, most of whom were twice his age, when he was fifteen; and completed the traditional course of study at the age of sixteen, nine years ahead of his contemporaries, and brought out a magazine at the same age. In fact, he was publishing a poetical journal (""Nairang-e-Aalam"") and was already an editor of a weekly (""Al-Misbah"") in 1900, at the age of twelve and, in 1903,

"Abul A'la Maududi"
Iran's revolutionary rhetoric often draws on his themes."" According to Youssef M. Choueiri, ""all the major contemporary radicalist"" Islamist movements (the Tunisian Islamic Tendency, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization, and the Muslim Brotherhood of Syria), ""derive their ideological and political programmes"" from the writings of Maududi and Sayyid Qutb. Maududi had produced 73 books at the time of his death, written more than 120 books and pamphlets, and made more than 1000 speeches and press statements. His magnum opus was the 30 years in progress translation (tafsir) in Urdu of the Qur’an, ""Tafhim ul-Qur’an"" (""The Meaning of the Qur'an""), intended

Abul A'la Maududi Syed Abul A'la Maududi Chishti ( – alternative spellings of last name Maudoodi, Mawdudi, also known as Abul Ala Maududi; – ) was a Pakistani Muslim philosopher, jurist, journalist and imam. His numerous works, which ""covered a range of disciplines such as Qur’anic exegesis, hadith, law, philosophy and history"", were written in Urdu, but then translated into English, Arabic, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Burmese and many other languages. He sought to revive Islam, and to propagate what he understood to be ""true Islam"". He believed that Islam was essential for politics, and that it was necessary to institute

"Boroughs of New York City"
New York City because of their geographic location, demographics (they include large numbers of former New Yorkers), special affiliation, or cosmopolitan character. They have included adjacent cities and counties in the New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories, and foreign countries. In 2011, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg referred to the city's waterfront and waterways as a composite sixth borough during presentations of planned rehabilitation projects along the city's shoreline, including Governor's Island in the Upper New York Bay. The Hudson Waterfront in the U.S. state of New Jersey lies opposite Manhattan on the Hudson

Boroughs of New York City New York City encompasses five county-level administrative divisions called ""boroughs"": Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City, and each of the boroughs is coextensive with a respective county, the primary administrative subdivision within New York State. Queens and The Bronx are concurrent with the counties of the same name, while Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island correspond to New York, Kings, and Richmond Counties respectively. Boroughs have existed since the consolidation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However,

individual county, each borough also elects a district attorney, as does every other county of New York State. While the district attorneys of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island are popularly referred to as such by the media (e.g., ""Manhattan D.A. Cyrus Vance, Jr."", or ""Brooklyn D.A. Kenneth P. Thompson""), they are technically and legally the district attorneys of New York County, Kings County and Richmond County, respectively. There is no such distinction made for the district attorneys of the other two counties, Queens and the Bronx, since these boroughs share the respective counties' names. Because the five district attorneys are,

the term is used to refer to New York City as a whole unambiguously, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New York metropolitan area. The term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the term ""outer boroughs"" refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan, even though the geographic center of the city is along the Brooklyn–Queens border. All five boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the city's current boundaries were established. The Bronx originally

form the new Nassau County. The borough of Staten Island, concurrent with Richmond County, was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, while leaving the name of the county unchanged. There are throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Since 1914, each of New York City's five boroughs has been coextensive with a county of New York State – unlike most U.S. cities, which lie within a single county or extend partially into another county, constitute a county

"Bronx Community Board 5"
118,435 in 1990 and 107,997 in 1980. Of them, 79,048 (61.6%) are of Hispanic origin, 41,609 (32.4%) are Black, non-Hispanic, 1,917 (1.5%) are White, non-Hispanic, 2,071 (1.6%) are Asian or Pacific Islander, 453 (0.4%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 978 (0.8%) are some other race (non-Hispanic), and 2,237 (1.7%) of two or more races (non-Hispanic). Bronx Community Board 5 Bronx Community Board 5 is a local government unit of the city of New York, encompassing the neighborhoods of Fordham, Morris Heights, Mount Hope, and University Heights. It is delimited by Webster Avenue to the east, Hall of Fame Terrace, West

River, and during the Dutch colonial era, was under the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and known as Bergen. Jersey City and Hoboken in Hudson County, New Jersey, are sometimes referred to as the sixth borough, given their proximity and connections by rapid transit PATH trains. Fort Lee, New Jersey, in Bergen County, opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by the George Washington Bridge, has also been called the sixth borough. Miami and nearby areas in Florida, Philadelphia and China are locales entirely outside the city's metropolitan area which have been called New York City's sixth borough. Boroughs of New York City

"Manhattan Community Board 5"
Manhattan Community Board 5 Manhattan Community Board 5 is a New York City community board, part of the local government apparatus of the city, with the responsibility for the neighborhoods of Midtown, Times Square, most of the Theater District, the Diamond District, the Garment District, Herald Square, Koreatown, NoMad, Murray Hill and the Flatiron District, all in the borough of Manhattan. It is bounded by 59th Street on the north, Eighth Avenue, 26th Street, the Avenue of the Americas (""Sixth Avenue"") on the west, 14th Street on the south, and Lexington Avenue on the east, excluding the area from 34th

"Neighborhoods in New York City"
Neighborhoods in New York City The neighborhoods in New York City are located within the five boroughs of the City of New York. Their names and borders are not officially defined, and they change from time to time. New York City is split up into five boroughs, which are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough has the same boundaries as a county of the state. The county governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all city, town, and village governments within each county. The term ""borough"" was adopted to describe a unique

Bronx Community Board 5 Bronx Community Board 5 is a local government unit of the city of New York, encompassing the neighborhoods of Fordham, Morris Heights, Mount Hope, and University Heights. It is delimited by Webster Avenue to the east, Hall of Fame Terrace, West 183rd Street, and Fordham Road to the north, the Harlem River to the west, and Washington Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway to the south. Its current chairperson is Dr. Bola Omotosho, and its district manager Ken Brown. As of the United States 2000 Census, the Community Board has a population of 128,313, up from

"Big Ten Conference"
reflect Big Ten history only and do not include division and conference championships in former conferences. Maryland and Rutgers joined the Big Ten in 2014, and Nebraska joined in 2011. Penn State joined in 1990, but had previously been independent in football. Number of Claimed National Championships, as well as win-loss-tie records, include all seasons played, regardless of conference membership. Since 1946, the Big Ten champion has had a tie-in with the Rose Bowl game. Michigan appeared in the first bowl game, the 1902 Rose Bowl. After that, the Big Ten did not allow their schools to participate in bowl

This was believed to be the major stumbling block to Notre Dame joining the Big Ten, as Notre Dame wanted to retain its independent home game broadcasting contract with NBC Sports, while the Big Ten insisted upon a full membership with no special exemptions. In December 2009, Big Ten Conference commissioner Jim Delany announced that the league was looking to expand in what would later be part of a nationwide trend as part of the 2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment. On June 11, 2010, the University of Nebraska applied for membership in the Big Ten and was unanimously approved as the

membership would remain unchanged for the next 40 years. The conference's official name throughout this period remained the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives. It did not formally adopt the name ""Big Ten"" until 1987, when it was incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation. In 1990, the Big Ten universities voted to expand the conference to 11 teams and extended an invitation to Atlantic 10 member and football independent Pennsylvania State University, which accepted it. When Penn State joined in 1990, it was decided the conference would continue to be called the Big Ten, but its logo was modified to reflect the

after a nine-year absence. The conference was again known as the Big Nine after the University of Chicago decided to de-emphasize varsity athletics just after World War II. Chicago discontinued its football program in 1939 and withdrew from the conference in 1946 after struggling to obtain victories in many conference matchups. It was believed that one of several schools, notably Iowa State, Marquette, Michigan State, Nebraska, Notre Dame, and Pittsburgh would replace Chicago at the time. On May 20, 1949, Michigan State ended the speculation by joining and the conference was again known as the Big Ten. The Big Ten's

additional public land grant schools and a private university. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago, University of Illinois, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics. In 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the ""Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives"". The conference is one of the nation's oldest, predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade, and was one of the first collegiate conferences to

as the Western Conference, consisting of Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Chicago, Purdue, and Northwestern. The first reference to the conference as the Big Nine was in 1899 after Iowa and Indiana had joined. Nebraska first petitioned to join the league in 1900 and again in 1911, but was turned away both times. In April 1907, Michigan was voted out of the conference for failing to adhere to league rules. Ohio State was added to the conference in 1912. The first known references to the conference as the Big Ten were in December 1916, when Michigan sought to rejoin the conference

new office building is situated within Rosemont's MB Financial Entertainment District, alongside Interstate 294. The move into the building was finalized on October 14, 2013. The office of the commissioner of athletics was created in 1922 ""to study athletic problems of the various member universities and assist in enforcing the eligibility rules which govern Big Ten athletics."" With the exception of Nebraska, each Big Ten institution is a member of the American Association of Universities and is ranked in the ""US News & World Report"" top 100 and the ""Times Higher Education"" top 200. Nebraska joined the AAU in 1909

engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Though the Big Ten existed for nearly a century as an assemblage of universities located primarily in the Midwest, the conference's geographic footprint now stretches east to the Atlantic Ocean. Big Ten universities are also members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance, an academic consortium. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures. Despite the conference's name, the Big Ten has grown to fourteen members, with the following universities accepting invitations to join: Pennsylvania State University in 1990, the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 2011, and both the University

conference's 12th school, which became effective July 1, 2011. The conference retained the name ""Big Ten."" This briefly led to the interesting and ironic result of the Big Ten consisting of twelve teams, and the Big 12 consisting of ten teams (with fellow former Big 12 member Colorado's move to the Pac-12 Conference). On September 1, 2010, Delany revealed the conference's football divisional split, but noted that the division names would be announced later. Those division names, as well as the conference's new logo, were made public on December 13, 2010. For their new logo, the conference replaced the ""hidden

President James Henry Smart, the presidents of University of Chicago, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin, Northwestern University, Purdue University and Lake Forest College met in Chicago on January 11, 1895 to discuss the regulation and control of intercollegiate athletics. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the main topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a second meeting on February 8, 1896. Lake Forest was not at the 1896 meeting that established the conference and was replaced by the University of Michigan. At the time, the organization was more commonly known

"Elijah Bond"
Elijah Bond Elijah Jefferson Bond (January 23, 1847 in Bel Air, Maryland - April 14, 1921 in Baltimore, Maryland) was an American lawyer and inventor. Although he invented and patented items, including a steam boiler, he is best remembered for patenting what became known as the ouija board. He filed for a United States patent on May 28, 1890. Charles W. Kennard and William H. A. Maupin were listed as assignees. The patent was granted on February 10, 1891. By 1907 Bond had relocated to West Virginia where he registered a trademark on the word ""Nirvana"" on June 18, 1907.

Ouija
from Fuld's competitors flooded the market, and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s. The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response. Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853, while investigating table-turning. Various studies have been produced, recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that, under laboratory conditions, the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily. A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions, ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork, suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind.

Ouija
board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits. The Catholic Church and other Christian denominations have ""warned against using ouija boards"", holding that they can lead to demonic possession. Occultists, on the other hand, are divided on the issue, with some saying that it can be a positive transformation; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution ""inexperienced users"" against it. Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community, since they are characterized as pseudoscience. The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by

"Oklahoma Educational Television Authority"
securing a broadcast license from the FCC, $540,000 in legislative appropriations, and private funding from various special interest groups (led by a $150,000 donation by ""Daily Oklahoman"" publisher Edward K. Gaylord and the donation of $13,000 worth of broadcasting equipment from RCA), KETA-TV in Oklahoma City – which would become the network's flagship – was finally able to sign on the air over channel 13 on April 13, 1956; it was the first educational television station to sign on in Oklahoma, the second in the Southwestern United States (after KUHT in Houston, which launched in May 1953 as the nation's

distinctive characteristics of animals classified as vertebrates include

Vertebrate
Vertebrate Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes. Other vertebrates are the tetrapods, which include a bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ""Paedophryne amauensis"", at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates

""fertilization assurance"" (reproductive assurance) at each generation. Vertebrate Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes. Other vertebrates are the tetrapods, which include a bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ""Paedophryne amauensis"", at as little as , to the

anterior end of the animal, while the anus opens to the exterior before the end of the body. The remaining part of the body continuing after the anus forms a tail with vertebrae and spinal cord, but no gut. The defining characteristic of a vertebrate is the vertebral column, in which the notochord (a stiff rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements (vertebrae) separated by mobile joints (intervertebral discs, derived embryonically and evolutionarily from the notochord). However, a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy, retaining the notochord into

make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do not have proper vertebrae due to their loss in evolution, though their closest living relatives, the lampreys, do. Hagfish do, however, possess a cranium. For this reason, the vertebrate subphylum is sometimes referred to as ""Craniata"" when discussing morphology. Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense. Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common

taxon of craniata. The word origin of ""vertebrate"" derives from the Latin word ""vertebratus"" (Pliny), meaning ""joint of the spine."" The Proto-Indo-European language origins are still unclear. ""Vertebrate"" is derived from the word ""vertebra"", which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column. All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan: a stiff rod running through the length of the animal (vertebral column and/or notochord), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue (the spinal cord) above it and the gastrointestinal tract below. In all vertebrates, the mouth is found at, or right below, the

adulthood, such as the sturgeon and coelacanth. Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages (fins or legs, which may be secondarily lost), but this trait is not required in order for an animal to be a vertebrate. All basal vertebrates breathe with gills. The gills are carried right behind the head, bordering the posterior margins of a series of openings from the pharynx to the exterior. Each gill is supported by a cartilagenous or bony gill arch. The bony fish have three pairs of arches, cartilaginous fish have five to seven pairs, while the primitive jawless fish have seven. The

Sauropoda
built for supporting weight; only the thumb bore a claw. Many illustrations of sauropods in the flesh miss these facts, inaccurately depicting sauropods with hooves capping the claw-less digits of the feet, or multiple claws or hooves on the hands. The proximal caudal vertebrae are extremely diagnostic for sauropods. The sauropods' most defining characteristic was their size. Even the dwarf sauropods (perhaps 5 to 6 metres, or 20 feet long) were counted among the largest animals in their ecosystem. Their only real competitors in terms of size are the rorquals, such as the blue whale. But, unlike whales, sauropods were

given rise to the land vertebrates; the traditional ""amphibians"" have given rise to the reptiles (traditionally including the synapsids, or mammal-like ""reptiles""), which in turn have given rise to the mammals and birds. Most scientists working with vertebrates use a classification based purely on phylogeny, organized by their known evolutionary history and sometimes disregarding the conventional interpretations of their anatomy and physiology. In phylogenetic taxonomy, the relationships between animals are not typically divided into ranks, but illustrated as a nested ""family tree"" known as a phylogenetic tree. The one below is based on studies compiled by Philippe Janvier and others

cord topped by a series of (often paired) vesicles, is unique to vertebrates. All invertebrates with well-developed brains, such as insects, spiders and squids, have a ventral rather than dorsal system of ganglions, with a split brain stem running on each side of the mouth or gut. Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw the rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the ""Myllokunmingia"". Another early vertebrate is ""Haikouichthys ercaicunensis"". Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian, these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan: a notochord, rudimentary

Heterodont
Heterodont In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning ""different teeth"") is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology. For example, members of the Synapsida generally possess incisors, canines (""eyeteeth""), premolars, and molars. The presence of heterodont dentition is evidence of some degree of feeding and or hunting specialization in a species. In contrast, homodont dentition refers to a set of teeth that possess the same tooth morphology. In invertebrates, the term heterodont refers to a condition where teeth of differing sizes occur in the hinge plate, a part of the Bivalvia. In vertebrates, however, heterodont pertains to

"FIFA World Cup hosts"
and Togo. After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes. On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the

finals. Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed on 23 June 1950. Result: Bids: West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina. Results: Bids: Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany. Results: Bids: The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting

currently it is the first time with four champions in a row from the same continental confederation. Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively, while Italy's triumph in 2006 has been followed by wins for Spain in 2010, Germany in 2014 and France in 2018. Currently, it is also the first time that one of the currently winning continents (Europe) is ahead of the other (South America) by more than one championship. At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions

future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the first tournament with multiple hosts. South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since Argentina 1978, and was the first occasion where consecutive World Cups were held outside Europe. The host country is

in 2010. denotes the best result in the team's history, - the best result at the time of the competition (improved later). Bids: Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay. The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew, followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy. Then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate, Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote. Results: Notice that the celebration of

"History of the FIFA World Cup"
game. Because of the relatively high ambient temperatures in Brazil, particularly at the northern venues, cooling breaks for the players were first introduced during these games. In this World Cup there was the debut of sensors to avoid phantom goals with the Goal-line technology, used to determine, in doubtful situations, whether the ball crossed the goal line or not. The 2018 World Cup was held in Russia. It was the first cup to be held in Eastern Europe. The cup was won by France, who beat Croatia 4–2 in the final. Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the bronze medal game.

country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Congress. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament. Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World

World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members. On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, ""I and others on the FIFA executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."" On 6 June 2015, ""The Daily

France's Didier Deschamps are the only people to date to win the World Cup as both player and head coach. Zagallo won in 1958 and 1962 as a player and in 1970 as head coach. Beckenbauer won in 1974 as captain and in 1990 as head coach, and Deschamps repeated the feat in 2018, after having won in 1998 as captain. Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to ever win two World Cups (1934 and 1938). All World Cup-winning head coaches were natives of the country they coached to victory. Among the national teams, Germany and Brazil have

second round on home soil in 1982. England (1966) won its only title while playing as a host nation. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934), Argentina (1978) and France (1998) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second title on home soil. Other nations have also been successful when hosting the tournament. Switzerland (quarter-finals 1954), Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), South Korea (fourth place in 2002), and Mexico (quarter-finals in 1970 and 1986) all have their best results when serving as hosts. So far, South Africa

of a Parliament, but the Triennial Act 1694 set the maximum duration at three years. As the frequent elections were deemed inconvenient, the Septennial Act 1715 extended the maximum to seven years, but the Parliament Act 1911 reduced it to five. During the Second World War, the term was temporarily extended to ten years by Acts of Parliament. Since the end of the war the maximum has remained five years. Modern Parliaments, however, rarely continued for the maximum duration; normally, they were dissolved earlier. For instance, the 52nd, which assembled in 1997, was dissolved after four years. The Septennial Act

Term of office A term of office is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office. Being the origin of the Westminster system, aspects of the United Kingdom's system of government are replicated in many other countries. The monarch serves as head of state until his or her death or abdication. In the

Prime Minister, and serves for an indefinite term, though the normal convention is 5 years. Similarly, the Lieutenant Governors, who represent the monarch at the provincial level, are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister (usually also with consultation of the relevant provincial premier), and generally also serve 5 year terms by convention. The territories have Commissioners, who are not representatives of the monarch, but are instead appointed by and represent the Governor-in-Council (i.e. the federal cabinet), and conventionally serve for about 5 years. Similar to the United Kingdom, MPs serve for the duration of

"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"
for more than one month any bill certified by the Speaker of the Commons as a money bill. Furthermore, the Act provided that any bill rejected by the Lords would nevertheless become law if passed by the Commons in three successive sessions provided that two years had elapsed since its original passage. The Lords could still delay or suspend the enactment of legislation but could no longer veto it. Subsequently the Lords ""suspending"" power was reduced to one year by the Parliament Act 1949. Indirectly, the Act enhanced the already dominant position of Prime Minister in the constitutional hierarchy. Although

1715 provided that a Parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned; this maximum period was reduced to five years by the Parliament Act 1911. Prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 parliaments had no minimum duration. Parliaments could be dissolved early by the monarch at the Prime Minister's request. Early dissolutions occurred when the make-up of Parliament made forming government impossible (as occurred in 1974), or, more commonly, when the incumbent government reasoned an early general election would improve their re-election chances (e.g. 2001). The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 mandated that Parliaments should last their full five years.

"Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom"
Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom The article lists the records of Prime Ministers of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom since 1721. The Prime Minister with the longest single term was Sir Robert Walpole, lasting 20 years and 315 days from 3 April 1721 until 11 February 1742. This is also longer than the accumulated terms of any other Prime Minister. The shortest period in office is more confused, depending on the criteria. The shortest ever period was only three days, a record held by Lord Bath, from 10 February to 12 February 1746, who was

combined with his first term (13 July 176530 July 1766) his total time in office was 1 year and 113 days, which exceeds the total periods of several other Prime Ministers. (The Duke of Wellington had also served as Prime Minister between 1828 and 1830.) Consequently, the Prime Minister with the total shortest period in office was George Canning, whose sole term lasted 119 days from 12 April 1827 until his death on 8 August 1827. The Prime Minister with the longest period between the start of their first appointment and the end of their final term was the Duke

of Portland, whose first term began on 2 April 1783 and whose second and final term ended on 4 October 1809. A Prime Minister's ""term"" is traditionally regarded as the period between their appointment and resignation, dismissal (or death, in the case of those who die in office), with the number of general elections taking place in the intervening period making no difference. The only Prime Minister to serve four terms under that definition was William Ewart Gladstone (3 December 186820 February 1874, 23 April 188023 June 1885, 1 February 188625 July 1886 and 15 August 18925 March 1894). The

United Kingdom Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons are elected for the duration of the parliament. Following dissolution of the Parliament, a general election is held which consists of simultaneous elections for all seats. For most MPs this means that their terms of office are identical to the duration of the Parliament, though an individual's term may be cut short by death or resignation. An MP elected in a by-election mid-way through a Parliament, regardless of how long they have occupied the seat, is not exempt from facing re-election at the next general election. The Septennial Act

"Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011"
it had been summoned; this period was reduced to five years by the Parliament Act 1911. Apart from special legislation enacted during both World Wars to extend the life of the then current parliaments, Parliament was never allowed to reach its maximum statutory length, as the monarch, acting on the advice of the prime minister of the day, always dissolved it before its expiry. The five year maximum duration referred to the lifetime of the parliament and not to the interval between general elections. For example, the general election of 2010 was held five years and one day after the

"Central retinal artery"
Central retinal artery The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. It pierces the eyeball close to the optic nerve, sending branches over the internal surface of the retina, and these terminal branches are the only blood supply to the larger part of it. The central part of the retina where the light rays are focussed after passing through the pupil and the lens is a circular area called the macula. The center of this circular area is the fovea. The fovea and a

patients without glaucoma. Optic disc The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina. The optic

of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex, while other axons terminate in the pretectal nucleus and are involved in reflexive eye movements. Other axons terminate in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Its diameter increases from about 1.6 mm within the eye to 3.5 mm in the orbit to 4.5 mm within the cranial space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial

"Central retinal vein"
Central retinal vein The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve, leaves the optic nerve 10 mm from the eyeball and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into either superior ophthalmic vein or into the cavernous sinus directly. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery, and like

"James Watson"
James Watson James Dewey Watson, KBE (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"". Watson earned degrees at the University of Chicago (BS, 1947) and Indiana University (PhD, 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaloe, later

"Rosalind Franklin and DNA"
Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as ""the most important discovery"" in biology. DNA itself had become ""life's most famous molecule"". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the

"The Double Helix"
of May and June 1953 regarding the discovery of the structure of DNA, and Crick's letter of 13th April 1967 is incomplete. The Double Helix The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA is an autobiographical account of the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA written by James D. Watson and published in 1968. Watson is a U.S. molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. In 1998, the Modern Library placed ""The Double Helix"" at number 7

The Double Helix The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA is an autobiographical account of the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA written by James D. Watson and published in 1968. Watson is a U.S. molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. In 1998, the Modern Library placed ""The Double Helix"" at number 7 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century. In 2012, ""The Double Helix"" was named as one

DNA
archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin proteins, such as histones, compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired by Raymond Gosling, who was a post-graduate student of Rosalind Franklin. DNA is used by researchers as a

DNA
according to the nucleotide they have read. DNA was first isolated by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher who, in 1869, discovered a microscopic substance in the pus of discarded surgical bandages. As it resided in the nuclei of cells, he called it ""nuclein"". In 1878, Albrecht Kossel isolated the non-protein component of ""nuclein"", nucleic acid, and later isolated its five primary nucleobases. In 1909, Phoebus Levene identified the base, sugar, and phosphate nucleotide unit of the RNA (then named ""yeast nucleic acid""). In 1929, Levene identified deoxyribose sugar in ""thymus nucleic acid"" (DNA). Levene suggested that DNA consisted of a

"Francis Crick"
Francis Crick Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with Rosalind Franklin and James Watson. Together with Watson and Maurice Wilkins, he was jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"". The results were based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Wilkins. Crick was an important theoretical

"Alex Stokes"
Alex Stokes Alexander (Alec) Rawson Stokes (27 June 1919 – 5 February 2003) was a co-author of the second of the three papers published sequentially in ""Nature"" on 25 April 1953 announcing the presumed molecular structure of DNA. The first was authored by Francis Crick and James Watson, and the third by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1962 to Crick, Watson, and Wilkins for this work. In 1993, on the 40th anniversary of the publication of the molecular structure of DNA, a plaque was erected in the Quad (courtyard) of

DNA
diffraction image (labeled as ""Photo 51"") taken by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling in May 1952, and the information that the DNA bases are paired. On 28 February 1953 Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime at The Eagle pub in Cambridge to announce that he and Watson had ""discovered the secret of life"". Months earlier, in February 1953, Linus Pauling and Robert Corey proposed a model for nucleic acids containing three intertwined chains, with the phosphates near the axis, and the bases on the outside. Experimental evidence supporting the Watson and Crick model was published in a series of five articles in

"Erwin Chargaff"
Erwin Chargaff Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian biochemist who immigrated to the United States during the Nazi era and was a professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school. Through careful experimentation, Chargaff discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. The first rule was that in DNA the number of guanine units is equal to the number of cytosine units, and the number of adenine units is equal to the number of thymine units. This hinted at the base pair makeup of DNA. The

"From Russia with Love (film)"
Love"" is the first Bond film in the series with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of ""Oliver!"" fame and sung by Matt Monro, although the title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune beginning with Barry's brief ""James Bond is Back"" then segueing into Monty Norman's ""James Bond Theme"". Monro's vocal version is later played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. Barry travelled with the crew to Turkey to try getting influences of the local music, but

"From Russia with Love (soundtrack)"
UK charts with a different arrangement of the Bond theme from that heard in the film. The title song was sung by Matt Monro. Monro's vocal version is played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. The title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune preceded by a brief Barry-composed ""James Bond is Back"" then segueing into the ""James Bond Theme"". On the original film soundtrack, Alan Haven played a jazzy organ over the theme but this version was not released on the soundtrack album. The tune also

appears in a soft string arrangement as a theme for Tania. In Germany, the original release featured an end title track cover version called ""Die Wolga ist Weit"" sung by Ruthe Berlé. Originally planning to use local Turkish music as Norman had used Jamaican music on ""Dr No"", Barry accompanied the film crew to Istanbul, however he found nothing suitable for the film. Recalling his visit to Istanbul, John Barry said, ""It was like no place I'd ever been in my life. [The Trip] was supposedly to seep up the music, so Noel Rogers and I used to go 'round

From Russia with Love (soundtrack) From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. John Barry, arranger of Monty Norman's ""James Bond Theme"" for ""Dr. No"", would be the dominant Bond series composer for most of its history and the inspiration for fellow series composer, David Arnold (who uses cues from this soundtrack in his own for ""Tomorrow Never Dies""). The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame and sung by Matt Monro. Following the

decision of the producers not to use Monty Norman, though keeping his ""James Bond Theme"", Harry Saltzman decided on using the then popular Lionel Bart of ""Oliver!"" fame. Bart was unable to read or write music, but he offered to compose the music and lyrics for a title song to the film. The producers chose John Barry to score the film. Barry had not only arranged and conducted the ""James Bond Theme"" from the previous film, but had already scored some films such as ""Beat Girl"" and ""Never Let Go"". Barry's group also charted at 13 in the November 1962

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Not heard in the film From Russia with Love (soundtrack) From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. John Barry, arranger of Monty Norman's ""James Bond Theme"" for ""Dr. No"", would be the dominant Bond series composer for most of its history and the inspiration for fellow series composer, David Arnold (who uses cues from this soundtrack in his own for ""Tomorrow Never Dies""). The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame and

work on ""Dr. Strangelove"" and was replaced by ""Dr. No""s art director Syd Cain; title designer Maurice Binder was replaced by Robert Brownjohn, and stunt coordinator Bob Simmons was unavailable and was replaced by Peter Perkins though Simmons performed stunts in the film. John Barry replaced Monty Norman as composer of the soundtrack. The film introduced several conventions which would become essential elements of the series: a pre-title sequence, the Blofeld character (referred to in the film only as ""Number 1""), a secret-weapon gadget for Bond, a helicopter sequence (repeated in every subsequent Bond film except ""The Man with the

remembered by audiences. This led to the casting of Vladek Sheybal, whom Young also considered convincing as an intellectual. Several women were tested for the roles of Vida and Zora, the two fighting Gypsy girls, and after Aliza Gur and Martine Beswick were cast, they spent six weeks practising their fight choreography with stunt work arranger Peter Perkins. Beswick was mis-credited as 'Martin Beswick' in the films opening titles, but this error was fixed for the 2001 DVD release. Mexican actor Pedro Armendáriz was recommended to Young by director John Ford to play Kerim Bey. After experiencing increasing discomfort on

grossed $78 million, of which $24 million was from North America. It was the most popular movie at the British box office in 1963. The film's cinematographer Ted Moore won the BAFTA award and the British Society of Cinematographers award for Best Cinematography. At the 1965 Laurel Awards, Lotte Lenya stood third for Best Female Supporting Performance, and the film secured second place in the Action-Drama category. The film was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for ""From Russia with Love"". In comparing the film to its predecessor, ""Dr. No"", Richard Roud, writing in ""The

""Dr. No"" music; the post-rocket-launch music from ""Dr. No"" is played in ""From Russia with Love"" during the helicopter and speedboat attacks. ""From Russia with Love"" premiered on 10 October 1963 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. Ian Fleming, Sean Connery and Walter Gotell attended the premiere. The following year, it was released in 16 countries worldwide, with the United States premiere on 8 April 1964, at New York's Astor Theatre. Upon its first release, ""From Russia with Love"" doubled ""Dr. No""s gross by earning $12.5 million ($ million in dollars) at the worldwide box office. After reissue it

"99 Bottles of Beer"
99 Bottles of Beer ""99 Bottles of Beer"" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children on long bus trips, such as class field trips, or on Scout and/or Girl Guide outings. The song's lyrics are as follows: 99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles

"Ten Green Bottles (book)"
d'Italia) - WIZO Award. It has received generally positive critical reviews in the North American press. The title of the book comes from the song sung in Marco's Bar by British servicemen stationed in Shanghai. The book is told from the viewpoint of the author's mother and starts in 1921. Gerda Karpel (referred to always as Nini in the book) is a 5-year-old Jewish girl living in Vienna in 1921. She comes from an upper-middle-class family. The book starts with the birth of Nini's brother, Willi, and chronicles the death of Nini's father shortly after the birth. The book then

programming languages. A simple example using classical BASIC syntax: FOR Bottle = 100 TO 1 STEP -1 NEXT Bottle Another example using C#: for (int bottleNumber = 100; 1 <= bottleNumber;) 99 Bottles of Beer ""99 Bottles of Beer"" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children

"Green Tambourine"
Green Tambourine ""Green Tambourine"" is a song about busking, written and composed by Paul Leka (who also produced it) and Shelley Pinz. It was the biggest hit by the 1960s Ohio-based rock group The Lemon Pipers, as well as the title track of their debut album, ""Green Tambourine."" The song was one of the first bubblegum pop chart-toppers and became a gold record. Released toward the end of 1967, it spent 13 weeks on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at No. 1 on February 3, 1968, and sold over a million copies. The record remained on the chart for

"Forty Shades of Green"
Forty Shades of Green ""Forty Shades of Green"" is a song about Ireland, written and first performed by American country singer Johnny Cash. Cash wrote the song in 1959 while on a trip to Ireland; it was first released as a B-side of the song ""The Rebel–Johnny Yuma"" in 1961. It is also included in two of Cash's albums: ""Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash"", released on Columbia Records in 1963, and ""Johnny Cash: The Great Lost Performance – Live at the Paramount Theatre, Asbury Park, New Jersey"", recorded live in 1990 and released in 2007. Cash once

"Candy Green"
Candy Green ""Candy Green"" is a song by Swizz Beatz for Gap, Inc.'s Sound of Color campaign. It was produced by Full Surface in-house production team The Individualz. Developed by Gap Clothing and Rehab (a San Francisco-based production company), five artists across multiple genres were asked to record original material that represented the Sound of Color. Asked to write and perform a treatment for the color green, Swizz Beatz partnered with producers The Individuals, and together they created a song about driving in a drop top through the flashy streets of Miami, Florida. Swizz also stated in an interview ""I

"The Bottle"
America"" (1974). It became an underground and cult hit upon its release, and the single peaked at number 15 on the R&B Singles Chart. Described by music critics as the album's best recording, the commercial success of ""The Bottle"" helped lead to Jackson's and Scott-Heron's next recording contract with Arista Records. Similar to other compositions by Scott-Heron, the song has been sampled extensively by hip hop artists. ""The Bottle"" is a social commentary on alcohol abuse with a Caribbean beat. Scott-Heron wrote it after seeing men line up every day in front of a liquor store called the Log Cabin,

"Sober (Kelly Clarkson song)"
appearances, including at Live Earth and ""The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"". Clarkson wrote ""Sober"" after her friend Calamity McEntire gave her the line ""pick her weeds and keep the flowers"". The singer said the lyrical content is about survival and knowing what to do when something goes wrong. ""It's not easy getting over whatever your addiction may be,"" she says. ""The whole point of that song is, the temptation is there, but I'm not going to give in to it."" When asked if the lyrics were regarding a drinking problem, Clarkson responded, ""I'm not an alcoholic; that's not what

"Hefe Wine"
tracks from a local producer, and his reputation began spreading around his area. In 1996 Maurice's debut album Bloody 5th was released. Over the following years, he has released 17 albums, as well as securing record label deals with EMI and Universal Records. Beyoncé used his song ""Pop My Trunk"" during her performance on her Formation tour. Hefe Wine Maurice Williams (born August 25, 1972), better known by his stage names Hefe Wine, NuWine and Wine-O, is an African-American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur from Houston, Texas. Williams is best known for his 2006 Billboard Top 100 single ""Pop My

"Crack a Bottle"
Crack a Bottle ""Crack a Bottle"" is a song by American rapper Eminem, featuring American rappers Dr. Dre and 50 Cent. The song was released as the lead single from Eminem's album ""Relapse"" (2009). On February 12, 2009, the song broke the first week digital sales record with 418,000 downloads, topping the previous record held by ""Live Your Life"" by T.I. featuring Rihanna. This record was broken again the following week by ""Right Round"" by Flo Rida. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 2010. ""Crack a Bottle"" initially gained attention

"History of the United States Constitution"
unofficial agenda for the Convention. It was weighted toward the interests of the larger, more populous states. The intent was to meet the purposes set out in the Articles of Confederation, ""common defense, security of liberty and general welfare"". The Virginia Plan was national, authority flowed from the people. If the people will ratify them, changes for better republican government and national union should be proposed. Much of the Virginia Plan was adopted. All the powers in the Articles transfer to the new government. Congress has two houses, the 'house' apportioned by population. It can enact laws affecting more than

"Constitutional Convention (United States)"
largely from Madison's suggestions, came up with what came to be known as the Virginia Plan, also known as the Large State Plan. For this reason, James Madison is sometimes called the Father of the Constitution. Presented by Virginia governor Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787, the Virginia Plan proposed a very powerful bicameral legislature. Both houses of the legislature would be determined proportionately. The lower house would be elected by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. The executive would exist solely to ensure that the will of the legislature was carried out

because of its resemblance to the British system of strong centralized government. In his plan, Hamilton advocated virtually doing away with state sovereignty and consolidating the states into a single nation. The plan featured a bicameral legislature, the lower house elected by the people every three years. The upper house would be elected by electors chosen by the people and would serve for life. The plan also gave the Governor, an executive elected by electors for a life-term of service, an absolute veto over bills. State governors would be appointed by the national legislature, and the national legislature had veto

In his ""The Spirit of the Laws"", Montesquieu argues that the separation of state powers should be by its service to the people's liberty: legislative, executive and judicial. A substantial body of thought had been developed from the literature of republicanism in the United States, including work by John Adams and applied to the creation of state constitutions. The constitution was a federal one, and was influenced by the study of other federations, both ancient and extant. The United States Bill of Rights consists of 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791, as supporters of the Constitution had promised

executive). The executives would serve a single term and were subject to recall on the request of state governors. The plan also created a judiciary that would serve for life, to be appointed by the executives. Lastly, any laws set by Congress would take precedence over state laws. When Paterson reported the plan to the Convention on June 15, 1787, it was ultimately rejected, but it gave the smaller states a rallying point for their interests. Unsatisfied with the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan, Alexander Hamilton proposed his own plan. It also was known as the British Plan,

"National Assembly"
French Revolution. The exact words, ""national assembly,"" have been used prolifically in the international community of nations since the 18th and 19th centuries, considered the Age of Revolution in western Europe. Nations that formed republics in this age subsequently formed empires. Extensive cross-cultural influences brought much of their language and institutions to the provinces. When these empires collapsed finally, the emancipated countries formed states and other institutions on the model of the former imperial nations. Some examples of international influences are as follows: In Germany, a Nationalversammlung was elected following the revolutions of 1848–1849 and 1918–1919, to be replaced by

On June 13, the Virginia resolutions in amended form were reported out of committee. The New Jersey plan was put forward in response to the Virginia Plan. A ""Committee of Eleven"" (one delegate from each state represented) met from July 2 to 16 to work out a compromise on the issue of representation in the federal legislature. All agreed to a republican form of government grounded in representing the people in the states. For the legislature, two issues were to be decided: how the votes were to be allocated among the states in the Congress, and how the representatives should

be elected. In its report, now known as the Connecticut Compromise (or ""Great Compromise""), the committee proposed proportional representation for seats in the House of Representatives based on population (with the people voting for representatives), and equal representation for each State in the Senate (with each state's legislators generally choosing their respective senators), and that all money bills would originate in the House. The Great Compromise ended the stalemate between ""patriots"" and ""nationalists"", leading to numerous other compromises in a spirit of accommodation. There were sectional interests to be balanced by the Three-Fifths Compromise; reconciliation on Presidential term, powers, and

"Representative democracy"
first, in 1258, stripped the King of unlimited authority and the second, in 1265, included ordinary citizens from the towns. Later, in the 17th century, the Parliament of England pioneered some of the ideas and systems of liberal democracy culminating in the Glorious Revolution and passage of the Bill of Rights 1689. The American Revolution led to the creation of a new Constitution of the United States in 1787, with a national legislature based partly on direct elections of representatives every two years, and thus responsible to the electorate for continuance in office. Senators were not directly elected by the

could do nothing significant without nine states, and some legislation required all thirteen. When a state produced only one member in attendance, its vote was not counted. If a state's delegation were evenly divided, its vote could not be counted towards the nine-count requirement. The Articles Congress had ""virtually ceased trying to govern"". The vision of a ""respectable nation"" among nations seemed to be fading in the eyes of revolutionaries such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Rufus King. Their dream of a republic, a nation without hereditary rulers, with power derived from the people in frequent elections, was in

has been widely used. With the arrival of the Islamic rule era, the Hijri Islamic calendar became the official calendar of various Sultanates and the Mughal Empire. During the colonial rule era of the Indian subcontinent, the Gregorian calendar was adopted and it is commonly used in the urban areas of India and Nepal. The predominantly Muslim countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh use the Islamic calendar since 1947, but older texts variously included the Bikrami and Gregorian calendar systems. In 2003, the India-based Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee of Sikhism adopted the Nanakshahi calendar, a move that continues to be debated.

held in June. Although this festival is not held on the same day as Pahela Baishakh, the holidays typically fall in the same month (Baishakh) of the Bengali, Hindu, and Theravada Buddhist calendars, and are related historically through the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in South Asia. In Gujarat, the second day of Diwali is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar which is the first day of the month Kartik. The Vikrami era is an ancient calendar and has been historically used by Hindus and Sikhs. It is one of the several regional Hindu calendars that

"Bethesda system"
Bethesda system The Bethesda system (TBS) is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 and revised in 1991 , 2001, and 2014. The name comes from the location (Bethesda, Maryland) of the conference that established the system. Additionally, the Bethesda system is used for cytopathology of thyroid nodules. Abnormal results include: The results are calculated differently following a Pap smear of the cervix. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL or LGSIL) indicates possible cervical dysplasia. LSIL usually indicates mild dysplasia (CIN 1), more than likely caused by a

AQPS
2013 and 2014. AQPS AQPS (""Autre Que Pur-Sang""), translated as ""Other than Thoroughbred"" (not ""Other than Pure-Blood""), is a general term used in France to refer to horses not listed as Thoroughbreds. Anglo-Arabians, Selle Français (or French Riding Horse), and French Trotters plus all other crossbreds can be qualified as AQPS. For racing purposes, each breed has its own studbook. The designation usually means one parent is not listed in the Thoroughbred stud book and almost always applies to those horses with Selle Français breeding in the dam line. The AQPS racing breed developed around the end of the 19th

"Common Reporting Standard"
the United States, with its citizenship-based taxation, has established in its FATCA Intergovernmental Agreements that, accounts held by US citizens and US Persons for Tax purposes in the other country's jurisdiction need to be reported via FATCA. The European Union adopted the CRS on 1 January 2016 after amending the part on administrative cooperation re taxation. First reporting was planned for September 2017. As of June 2017, the following countries committed to start reporting in 2017: Anguilla, Argentina, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Croatia, Curaçao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany,

of malignancy in a malignant FNAC report is 93.7% while for suspicious FNAC report, it is 18.9%. Bethesda system The Bethesda system (TBS) is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 and revised in 1991 , 2001, and 2014. The name comes from the location (Bethesda, Maryland) of the conference that established the system. Additionally, the Bethesda system is used for cytopathology of thyroid nodules. Abnormal results include: The results are calculated differently following a Pap smear of the cervix. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL or LGSIL)

calendar. For example, the year 2075 VS began in 2018 CE and will end in 2019 CE. The Rana rulers of Nepal made Vikram Samvat the official Hindu calendar in 1901 CE, which started as Samvat 1958. In Nepal, the new year begins with the first day of the month of Baishakh, which usually falls around 13-15 April in the Gregorian calendar. The first day of the new year is passionately celebrated in a historical carnival that takes place every year in Bhaktapur, called Bisket Jatra. From 2007 AD, Nepal Sambat is recognized as the national calendar. In India, the

"Prancing Horse"
Prancing Horse The Prancing Horse () is the symbol of Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari and its racing division Scuderia Ferrari. Originally, the symbol was used by World War I pilot Francesco Baracca on his airplane. Enzo Ferrari was a racing driver for Alfa Romeo in the earlier decades of the twentieth century. Following one of his wins at the Targa Florio, he met Francesco Baracca's parents, who told him that their son used to paint a prancing horse on his airplane and suggested that if Ferrari painted the horse on his cars, he would have good luck. Ferrari took

"World Happiness Report"
effectively to assess the progress of nations, and other topics. Each report is organized by chapters that delve deeper into issues relating to happiness, including mental illness, the objective benefits of happiness, the importance of ethics, policy implications, and links with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) approach to measuring subjective well-being and other international and national efforts. As of March 2018, Finland was ranked the happiest country in the world. World Happiness Reports were issued in 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 (an update), 2017 and 2018. In addition to ranking countries happiness and well-being levels, each report has

"One-child policy"
before being eliminated at the end of 2015. The policy also allowed exceptions for some other groups, including ethnic minorities. The term one-child policy is thus a misnomer, because for nearly 30 years of the 36 years that it existed (1979-2015) about half of all parents in China were allowed to have a second child. Provincial governments could (and did) require the use of contraception, sterilizations and abortions to ensure compliance and imposed enormous fines for violations. Local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work. According to the Chinese government, 400million births

internal critic of one-child restrictions and an eye-witness at the discussions in Chengdu. In the words of Wang et al., ""the idea of the one-child policy came from leaders within the Party, not from scientists who offered evidence to support it” Central officials had already decided in 1979 to advocate for one-child restrictions before knowing of Song's work and, upon learning of his work in 1980, already seemed sympathetic to his position. Moreover, even if Song's work convinced them to proceed with universal one-child restrictions in 1980, the policy was loosened to a ""1.5""-child policy just five years later, and

to the country's female-to-male sex ratioand to deal with an aging population according to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The new law took effect on 1 January 2016 after it was passed in the standing committee of the National People's Congress on 27 December 2015. The rationale for the abolition was summarized by former ""Wall Street Journal"" reporter Mei Fong: ""The reason China is doing this right now is because they have too many men, too many old people, and too few young people. They have this huge crushing demographic crisis as a result of the one-child policy. And if people

it is that policy which has been misnomered since as the ""one-child policy."" Thus, it is misleading to suggest that Song Jian was either the inventor or architect of the policy that China had in place from 1985-2015. The one-child policy was originally designed to be a One-Generation Policy. It was enforced at the provincial level and enforcement varied; some provinces had more relaxed restrictions. The one-child limit was most strictly enforced in densely populated urban areas. Beginning in 1980, the official policy granted local officials the flexibility to make exceptions and allow second children in the case of ""practical

was not uncommon in China even before birth planning. In the 1980s, adoptions of daughters accounted for slightly above half of the so-called ""missing girls,"" as out-adopted daughters often went unreported in censuses and survey and adoptive parents were not penalized for violating birth quotas However, in 1991, a central decree attempted to close off this loophole by raising penalties and levying those penalties on any household that had an ""unauthorized"" child, including those that had adopted children. This closing of the adoption loophole resulted in the abandonment of some two million Chinese children (mostly daughters), many of who ended

female babies. Most of this deficit was due to sex-selective abortion as well as the 1.5 child stopping rule, which required rural parents to stop childbearing if their first born was a son.Another consequence was the acceleration of the aging of China's population. The sex ratio of a newborn infant (between male and female births) in mainland China reached 117:100, and stabilized between 2000 and 2013, substantially higher than the natural baseline, which ranges between 103:100 and 107:100. It had risen from 108:100 in 1981—at the boundary of the natural baseline—to 111:100 in 1990. According to a report by the

billion by 2080. In spite of some criticism inside the party, the plan (also referred to as the Family Planning Policy) was formally implemented as a temporary measure on 18 September 1980. The plan called for families to have one child each in order to curb a then-surging population and alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China. Although a recent and often-repeated interpretation by Greenhalgh claims that Song Jian was the central architect of the one-child policy and that he ""hijacked"" the population policymaking process, that claim has been refuted by several leading scholars, including Liang Zhongtang, a leading

One-child policy China's one-child policy was part of a birth planning program designed to control the size of its population. Distinct from the family planning policies of most other countries (which focus on providing contraceptive options to help women have the number of children they want), it set a limit on the number of children parents could have, the world's most extreme example of population planning. It was introduced in 1979 (after a decade-long two-child policy), modified in the mid 1980s to allow rural parents a second child if the first was a daughter, and then lasted three more decades

the government. In 2013, Deputy Director Wang Peian of the National Health and Family Planning Commission said that ""China's population will not grow substantially in the short term"". A survey by the commission found that only about half of eligible couples wish to have two children, mostly because of the cost of living impact of a second child. In November 2013, following the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, China announced the decision to relax the one-child policy. Under the new policy, families could have two children if one parent, rather than both parents,

it was controversial outside of China. Effective from January 2016, the birth planning policy became a universal two-child policy that allowed each couple to have two children. During the period of Mao Zedong's leadership in China, the birth rate fell from 37 per thousand to 20 per thousand. Infant mortality declined from 227 per thousand births in 1949 to 53 per thousand in 1981, and life expectancy dramatically increased from around 35 years in 1948 to 66 years in 1976. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that population

"Thomas (name)"
century CE), but by the 13th and 14th centuries it had become common. In 2017 it ranked 13th in popularity in the United Kingdom with 3,246 babies given the name. The Social Security Administration lists the name Thomas as the ninth most popular name in the United States over the past 100 years. In 2017 it ranked 48th in popularity with 7,131 babies given the name. Thomas (name) Thomas is recorded in the Greek New Testament as the name of Thomas the Apostle (one of the twelve apostles of Jesus). It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name תאומא

"Thomas (surname)"
widely distributed throughout the country, but especially common in Scotland, Cornwall, and Wales. Thomas is the ninth most common surname in the United Kingdom. It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the United States; it is also used as a family name among the Saint Thomas Christian families from Kerala, South India. In the 1990 United States Census, Thomas was the twelfth most common surname, accounting for 0.3% of the population. In France, Thomas (pronounced ) is the third most widespread surname after Martin and Bernard, with over 100,000 people with this name. Thomas

Thomas (surname) Thomas is a common surname of English, Welsh, Scottish, French, German, Dutch, and Danish origin. It derives from the medieval personal name, of Biblical origin, from Aramaic תאומא ""t'om'a"", a byname meaning 'twin'. It was borne by one of the disciples of Christ, best known for his skepticism about Christ's resurrection (). The th- spelling in English results from the initial letter of the name in the Greek New Testament being a theta. The English pronunciation as t rather than a dental fricative is the result of French influence from an early date. In Britain, the surname is

Thomas (name) Thomas is recorded in the Greek New Testament as the name of Thomas the Apostle (one of the twelve apostles of Jesus). It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name תאומא , meaning ""twin,"" and the English spelling Thomas is a transliteration of the Greek Θωμάς. The masculine noun תאם (to'am) occurs throughout Semitic languages, always meaning twin. It appears to be also related to the Greek noun τομη (tome), meaning a cutting or cleaving in half. Thomas was a popular name throughout medieval Europe. In Britain the name was rare prior to the Norman Conquest (11th

"Tommy Atkins"
private soldiers in the British Army's Parachute Regiment are still referred to as ""Toms"". ""Tommy Atkins"" or ""Thomas Atkins"" has been used as a generic name for a common British soldier for many years. The origin of the term is a subject of debate, but it is known to have been used as early as 1743. A letter sent from Jamaica about a mutiny amongst the troops says ""except for those from N. America ye Marines and Tommy Atkins behaved splendidly"". A common belief is that the name was chosen by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington after having been

"Thomas the Apostle"
full name as Judas Thomas. Some have seen in the ""Acts of Thomas"" (written in east Syria in the early 3rd century, or perhaps as early as the first half of the 2nd century) an identification of Saint Thomas with the apostle Judas, Son of James, better known in English as Jude. However, the first sentence of the Acts follows the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles in distinguishing the apostle Thomas and the apostle Judas son of James. Others, such as James Tabor, identify him as Judah, the brother of Jesus mentioned by Mark. In the Book of

"John (given name)"
John (given name) John is a common masculine given name in the English language of originally Semitic origin. The name is derived from the Latin ""Ioannes"" and ""Iohannes"", which are forms of the Greek name ""Iōannēs"" (), originally borne by Hellenized Jews transliterating the Hebrew name ""Yohanan"" (), ""Graced by Yah"", or (), ""Yahweh is Gracious"". There are numerous forms of the name in different languages; these were formerly often simply translated as ""John"" in English but are increasingly left in their native forms (see sidebar). It is among the most common given names in Anglophone, Arabic, Persian, Turkic and

"Tom, Dick and Harry"
Tom, Dick and Harry The phrase ""Tom, Dick and Harry"" is a placeholder for multiple unspecified people; ""Tom, Dick or Harry"" plays the same role for ""one"" unspecified person. The phrase most commonly occurs as ""every Tom, Dick and Harry"", meaning ""everyone"", and ""any Tom, Dick or Harry"", meaning ""anyone"", although ""Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable"" defines the term to specify ""a set of nobodies; persons of no note"". Similar expressions exist in other languages of the world, using commonly used first or last names. The phrase is used in numerous works of fiction. The origin of the phrase

Jesus then said, ""Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed ""[are]"" they that have not seen, and ""[yet]"" have believed."" The name ""Thomas"" (Koine Greek: Θωμᾶς) given for the apostle in the New Testament is derived from the Aramaic or ""Toma"", equivalently from Hebrew ""Teom"", meaning ""twin"". The equivalent term for twin in Greek, which is also used in the New Testament, is Δίδυμος ""Didymos"". The Nag Hammadi copy of the ""Gospel of Thomas"" begins: ""These are the secret sayings that the living Jesus spoke and Didymos, Judas Thomas, recorded."" Early Syrian traditions also relate the apostle's

"Thomas(ine) Hall"
""nature's unerring tendency toward a state of greater perfection"". Because they did not have clear definitions for anatomical sex categories, they relied on ""performing"" gender through consistent dress, names, occupations, and sexual relationships. However, early common law, consistent with canon law, held that the sex of an intersex individual (formerly termed an hermaphrodite), depended on the sex that predominates. The 12th-century ""Decretum Gratiani"" states that ""Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails"", while Henry de Bracton's ""De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae"" (""On the Laws and Customs of England""), c. 1235, states that, ""A hermaphrodite is

what was generally the preferred way for european powers to control colonial regions

"Indirect rule"
Indirect rule Indirect rule is a system of governance used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing indigenous power structures. These dependencies were often called ""protectorates"" or ""trucial states"". By this system, the day-to-day government and administration of areas both small and large was left in the hands of traditional rulers, who gained prestige and the stability and protection afforded by the Pax Britannica, at the cost of losing control of their external affairs, and often of taxation, communications, and other matters, usually with a small number of

"History of colonialism"
for self-government. During this period, Europe's powers added nearly 8,880,000 square miles (23,000,000 km²) to their overseas colonial possessions. As it was mostly unoccupied by the Western powers as late as the 1880s, Africa became the primary target of the ""new"" imperialist expansion (known as the Scramble for Africa), although conquest took place also in other areas — notably south-east Asia and the East Asian seaboard, where Japan joined the European powers' scramble for territory. The Berlin Conference (1884–1885) mediated the imperial competition among Britain, France and Germany, defining ""effective occupation"" as the criterion for international recognition of colonial claims

"European colonialism"
The entrance of these three powers into the Caribbean and North America perpetuated European colonialism in these regions. The second wave of European colonialism commenced with Britain's involvement in Asia in support of the British East India Company; other countries such as France, Portugal and the Netherlands also had involvement in European expansion in Asia. The third wave consisted of the Scramble for Africa, regulated by the terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885. The conference effectively divided Africa among the European powers. Vast regions of Africa came under the sway of Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy and Spain

"Colonial empire"
Persian Gulf; Goa, Bombay and Daman and Diu (amongst other cities) in India; Portuguese Ceylon; Malacca, bases in Southeast Asia and Oceania, as Makassar, Solor, Banda, Ambon and others in the Moluccas, Portuguese Timor; and the granted ""entrepôt""-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in East Asia, amongst other possessions. During its ""Siglo de Oro"", the Spanish Empire had possession of the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Italy, parts of Germany, parts of France, in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. From 1580 to 1640 the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire were conjoined in a personal union

"Western European colonialism and colonization"
colonial rule can be broken into the binary classifications of direct and indirect rule. During the era of colonisation, Europeans were faced with the monumental task of administrating the vast colonial territories around the globe. The initial solution to this problem was direct rule, which involves the establishment of a centralized European authority within a territory run by colonial officials. In a system of direct rule, the native population is excluded from all but the lowest level of the colonial government. Mamdani defines direct rule as centralized despotism: a system where natives were not considered citizens. By contrast, indirect rule

Western European colonialism and colonization European colonialism and colonization was the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, creating a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Research suggests, the current conditions of postcolonial countries have roots in colonial actions and policies. For example, colonial policies, such as the type of rule implemented, the nature of investments, and identity of the colonizers, are cited as impacting postcolonial states. Examination of the state-building process, economic development, and cultural norms and mores shows the direct and indirect consequences of colonialism on the

Colonial empire A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called colonies), mostly overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state. Colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Castile (Spain), during the 15th century. The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade, driven by the new ideas and the capitalism that grew out of the European Renaissance. Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479, 1493, and 1494. European imperialism

plantation owners interested in making a fortune and then returning to their home country to spend it. From its very outset, Western colonialism was operated as a joint public-private venture. Columbus' voyages to the Americas were partially funded by Italian investors, but whereas the Spanish state maintained a tight rein on trade with its colonies (by law, the colonies could only trade with one designated port in the mother country and treasure was brought back in special convoys), the English, French and Dutch granted what were effectively trade monopolies to joint-stock companies such as the East India Companies and the

genesis of Third World development. Western European colonialism and colonization European colonialism and colonization was the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, creating a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Research suggests, the current conditions of postcolonial countries have roots in colonial actions and policies. For example, colonial policies, such as the type of rule implemented, the nature of investments, and identity of the colonizers, are cited as impacting postcolonial states. Examination of the state-building process, economic development, and cultural norms and mores shows the direct and indirect

Colonialism
Danish, Dutch, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swedish empires established colonies across large areas. Imperial Japan, the Ottoman Empire and the United States also acquired colonies, as did imperialist China and finally in the late 19th century the German and the Italian. At first, European colonizing countries followed policies of mercantilism, in order to strengthen the home economy, so agreements usually restricted the colonies to trading only with the metropole (mother country). By the mid-19th century, however, the British Empire gave up mercantilism and trade restrictions and adopted the principle of free trade, with few restrictions or tariffs. Christian missionaries

which is the only test playing nation that india has never beat in t20

"Indian cricket team against Pakistan in Sri Lanka in 2015–16"
other options being Bangladesh and England, the latter proposed for the Summer of 2016. However, the Indian government had not granted permission for the series to take place, stating that the final decision rests with the Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi. In response to the delay from the Indian government, the PCB said that they would host a one-off T20 tournament that features five domestic sides if the series does not go ahead. An outcome on the future of the series was scheduled to be announced on 9 December. However, despite a meeting taking place between ministers from both India

"India at the Cricket World Cup"
tournament. The Indian team was somewhat stronger than the team representing them in the 1999 World Cup, but still contained the batting trio of Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Sourav Ganguly and the pace-spin duo of Javagal Srinath and Anil Kumble, now accompanied by rising talents Yuvraj Singh, Zaheer Khan, Harbhajan Singh, Mohammed Kaif and Virender Sehwag. In the Group stage, India were placed in Group A, accompanied by co-hosts Zimbabwe, defending champions Australia, arch-rivals Pakistan, England and minnows Holland and Namibia, who were playing their first World Cup. India had a horrid beginning to the tournament. Their first match

Viswanath. This West Indian defeat is considered to be a watershed in the history of their cricket because it led to captain Clive Lloyd dispensing with spin altogether and relying entirely on a four-man pace attack instead. In November 1976, the team established another record by scoring 524 for 9 declared against New Zealand at Kanpur without any individual batsman scoring a century. There were six fifties, the highest being 70 by Mohinder Amarnath. This innings was only the eighth instance in Test cricket where all eleven batsmen reached double figures. During the 1980s, India developed a more attack-minded batting

at Johannesburg by 183 runs thanks to Tendulkar (97 from 120 balls, 7 fours and 1 six), Sehwag (66 from 76 balls, 5 fours, 3 sixes) and veteran Srinath's 4/35; and winning against New Zealand at Centurion by 7 wickets, due to Zaheer's 4/42 which bundled out the Black Caps for 146, followed patient knocks from Kaif (68 not out off 129 balls, 8 fours) and Dravid (53 not out off 89 balls, 7 fours) in the chase. In the semifinals, India played the surprise package of the tournament, Kenya, at Durban. The match was not dramatic. Tendulkar (83 from

batting side in the tournament, comprising the openers Virender Sehwag and veteran Sachin Tendulkar, playing in his 6th consecutive World Cup, followed by Gautam Gambhir and rising star Virat Kohli, with Yuvraj Singh, skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Yusuf Pathan and Suresh Raina completing the star-studded batting line-up. While the bowling attack was considered more suspect, three veterans in pacers Zaheer Khan and Ashish Nehra and offspinner Harbhajan Singh were joined by Munaf Patel, Piyush Chawla, Ravichandran Ashwin, and Shantakumaran Sreesanth. The 1996 World Cup format was used for the tournament, following widespread criticism, particularly from the BCCI, over the 2007

of both Test and ODI cricket, holds a large number of national batting records. He holds the record of most appearances in both Tests and ODIs, most runs in both Tests and ODIs and most centuries in Tests and ODIs. The highest score by an Indian is the 319 scored by Virender Sehwag in Chennai. It is the second triple century in Test cricket by an Indian, the first being a 309 also made by Sehwag although against Pakistan. The team's highest ever score was a 759/7 against England at MA Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai in 2016, while its lowest was

without Sachin Tendulkar, who had retired from all forms of cricket in 2013, while the other stars of the 2011 World Cup such as Virender Sehwag, Yuvraj Singh, Gautam Gambhir, Harbhajan Singh and Zaheer Khan were dropped due to poor form. Despite the absence of these key performers, the Indian World Cup squad was still a strong side, with a power-packed batting lineup comprising Kohli, Dhoni, Raina, destructive openers Rohit Sharma and Shikhar Dhawan and the stylish middle-order bat Ajinkya Rahane, and a strong bowling attack comprising pacers Mohammed Shami, Umesh Yadav, Mohit Sharma and Bhuvneshwar Kumar, supplemented by the

losing by nine runs, with Dermot Reeve (3/38) taking the most wickets for England. Three of India's batsmen: Shastri, Pravin Amre and Kiran More: were run out. India's next match against Sri Lanka at Mackay was abandoned due to rain after just 2 balls and a run scored by Srikkanth, giving India its first points in the tournament. India then played co-hosts and defending champions Australia at Brisbane. The match was a thriller. Australia scored 237/9 in its 50 overs, with Dean Jones scoring 90. Kapil and Prabhakar were the pick of the bowlers with identical figures of 3/41. Due

ODIs and two T20Is. On 24 August 2015 Zaheer Abbas, the president of cricket's governing body, said that the series might be delayed. In October 2015 Shahryar Khan, chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), said that Pakistan would consider pulling out of the 2016 World Twenty20 tournament if this series did not go ahead. In November 2015 the PCB and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) were still in talks about agreeing the location of the series, with the BCCI suggesting it could be held in India, rather than the UAE. A day after the BCCI made

"Symbolic execution"
Symbolic execution In computer science, symbolic execution (also symbolic evaluation) is a means of analyzing a program to determine what inputs cause each part of a program to execute. An interpreter follows the program, assuming symbolic values for inputs rather than obtaining actual inputs as normal execution of the program would, a case of abstract interpretation. It thus arrives at expressions in terms of those symbols for expressions and variables in the program, and constraints in terms of those symbols for the possible outcomes of each conditional branch. The field of symbolic simulation applies the same concept to hardware. Symbolic

"Execution (computing)"
and then begins execution by moving control to the entry point of the program; all these steps depend on the Application Binary Interface of the operating system. At this point execution begins and the program enters run time. The program then runs until it ends, either normal termination or a crash. A system that executes a program is called an interpreter of the program. Loosely speaking, an interpreter actually does what the program says to do. This contrasts with a language translator that converts a program from one language to another. The most common language translators are compilers. Translators typically

of an operating system and run-time libraries specific to the source language that provide crucial services not supplied directly by the computer itself. This supportive environment, for instance, usually decouples a program from direct manipulation of the computer peripherals, providing more general, abstract services instead. Prior to execution, a program must first be written. This is generally done in source code, which is then compiled at compile time (and statically linked at link time) to an executable. This executable is then invoked, most often by an operating system, which loads the program into memory (load time), possibly performs dynamic linking,

"Command (computing)"
Command (computing) In computing, a command is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind to perform a specific task. Most commonly a command is either a directive to some kind of command-line interface, such as a shell, or an event in a graphical user interface triggered by the user selecting an option in a menu. Specifically, the term ""command"" is used in imperative computer languages. These languages are called this, because statements in these languages are usually written in a manner similar to the imperative mood used in many natural languages. If one views

"Instruction cycle"
Instruction cycle The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle or the fetch-execute cycle) is the basic operational process of a computer system. It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction describes, and then carries out those actions. This cycle is repeated continuously by a computer's central processing unit (CPU), from boot-up until the computer has shut down. In simpler CPUs the instruction cycle is executed sequentially, each instruction being processed before the next one is started. In most modern CPUs the instruction cycles are instead executed

"Machine code"
Machine code Machine code is a computer program written in machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction causes the CPU to perform a very specific task, such as a load, a store, a jump, or an ALU operation on one or more units of data in CPU registers or memory. Machine code is a strictly numerical language which is intended to run as fast as possible, and may be regarded as the lowest-level representation of a compiled or assembled computer program or as a primitive and hardware-dependent programming language. While

may type commands in an interactive session of an interpreter. In this case, the ""commands"" are simply program instructions, whose execution is chained together. The term run is used almost synonymously. A related meaning of both ""to run"" and ""to execute"" refers to the specific action of a user starting (or ""launching"" or ""invoking"") a program, as in ""Please run the application."" The context in which execution takes place is crucial. Very few programs execute on a bare machine. Programs usually contain implicit and explicit assumptions about resources available at the time of execution. Most programs execute with the support

compiled or exclusively interpreted. The categorization usually reflects the most popular method of language execution. For example, Java is thought of as an interpreted language and C a compiled language, despite the existence of Java compilers and C interpreters. Typically, computer programs are stored in non-volatile memory until requested either directly or indirectly to be executed by the computer user. Upon such a request, the program is loaded into random-access memory, by a computer program called an operating system, where it can be accessed directly by the central processor. The central processor then executes (""runs"") the program, instruction by instruction,

Execution (computing) Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or virtual machine executes the instructions of a computer program. Each instruction of a program is a description of a specific action to be carried out in order for a specific problem to be solved; as instructions of a program and therefore the actions they describe are being carried out by an executing machine, specific effects are produced in accordance to the semantics of the instructions being executed. Programs for a computer may be executed in a batch process without human interaction or a user

"Entry point"
Entry point In computer programming, an entry point is where the first instructions in a computer program are executed, and where the program then processes command line arguments, which in most common operating systems, are usually set after the file path to the program in the command shell. When the program is executed, control is transferred from a loader or operating system to a computer program, at which place the processor enters a program or a code fragment and execution begins. (It's possible that the computer program itself is the operating system, in which case the launcher is the bootloader).

"Real Chance of Love (season 2)"
age doesn't matter when you're in love with somebody, moving Chance and eliminating Baker. Real gave his first chain to Doll, leaving Pocahontas and Sassy at the bottom two. He has developed feelings for both of them, but also has some questions about both of them, Pocahontas not being completely honest and Sassy still being high maintenance. It was decided that Real will take both girls along with Doll to Miami. Episode Notes ""First aired October 19, 2009"" Real and Chance shared some of the best and worst moments of the show. Includes: ""First aired October 26, 2009"" After elimination,

"Real Chance of Love"
Real Chance of Love Real Chance of Love is an American reality television dating game show featuring two brothers, Ahmad ""Real"" Givens (died February 21, 2015, aged 33 ) and Kamal ""Chance"" Givens, of the rap group The Stallionares, former contestants on ""I Love New York"", who are looking for love. The show was first brought up in August 2007 when Mr. Boston of the first season of ""I Love New York"" was offered his own reality show. Boston declined and the plans eventually fell through, leaving the show to be picked up by Real and Chance. The first season

supposed to be a surprise and made Baker upset after Chance autographed it with cream. Real also spend some one-on-one with Doll, but then Sassy surprised Real, draped in lingerie. Then she told him she's unsure if she's the right woman for him, which concerns him. During elimination, it was down to Classy and Sassy for Real and Baker and Flirty for Chance. Classy and Flirty were eliminated Episode Notes ""First aired October 12, 2009"" Sassy is wondering how Pocahontas to be ""a perfect person"", but she is unable get any dirt out of her. It was announced that Real

Chance took PS, Blonde Baller, and Junk to the zoo. Both Junk and Blonde Baller got into an argument. When Real asked if Sassy is a good fit for him as a question to Junk's peeping, PS mocks her. Blonde Baller tells Sassy, but starts another argument with Junk right after. During elimination, it was down to Apple and Sassy for Real and Junk and Blonde Baller for Chance. Real eliminated Apple, but Chance doesn't eliminate either girl. ""First aired August 31, 2009"" After elimination, Blonde Baller tells Chance that she is real and she doesn't have a boyfriend at

Real Chance of Love (season 2) Real Chance of Love 2: Back in the Saddle is the second season of the VH1 reality television dating series ""Real Chance of Love"". Ahmad Givens (Real) and Kamal Givens (Chance), former contestants on ""I Love New York"" are the central figures. The show premiered August 3, 2009. The show features twenty female contestants taking part in various challenges. Real and Chance appeared on Chelsea Lately on May 25, 2009 to talk about the second season of Real Chance of Love, which was in production at the time. Ultimately, Ahmad (Real) selected ""Doll"", while

home. The next day, Real and Chance are reviving a tradition of wrestling as a challenge. Whichever team puts on a great show wins dates with the boys. The first match was produced by the black team, with Hot Wings (as Handspring) & Doll (as Dollface) vs. PS (as Port Mortem) & Baker (as Backbreaker). The second match was produced by the pink team, with Blonde Baller (as Blonde Mauler) & Classy (as Classy Daze) vs. Spanish Fly (as Flapper) & Lady and Junk (as Lady Cyborg and Junk). The third match was produced by the purple team, with Pocahontas

day, Pocahontas felt nervous about what happen last night. Later, both Real and Chance met the girls on the dock. Chance tells Mamacita that she would go on a yacht with him, while Hot Wings will have her date later, going back to the limo. Real then became his early elimination, choosing Sassy to stay and have her date later with Real, leaving Doll and Pocahontas as his bottom two. He ultimately eliminated Pocahontas. This shocks her dearly, letting Doll on the yacht and waterskiing with Mamacita and Chance. That night, Real and Chance had dates with Doll and Mamacita,

where a real prom was held, while the others were stuck in the house. Later, before Real and Chance were ready to go to bed, Wiggly came into the room to impress Real, but she ""came off a little too strong"". The next day, Lady talk to Real and confessed that she used to date women, but it's all in the past. Both Real and Chance had a conservation with Mamacita, questioning if she is there for the boys or for TV. She jokingly said ""all the above"". During elimination, Mamacita and Wiggly were in the bottom 2. Mamacita confirmed

for some of the women. After eliminations, only sixteen women will remain in the competition. Episode Notes ""First aired August 10, 2009"" Real and Chance ask the sixteen remaining women to give a ""door-to-door sales pitch"" outlining their qualities. The contestant with the best pitch will win a date. Blonde Baller, Junk, Pocahontas, Sassy, and Spanish Fly (which Hot Wings thought was unfair) were chosen as winners. All the girls get to go to prom, but the winners were given nice dresses while the rest were given sloppy ones. The winners also went with Real and Chance to a place

Kamal (Chance) selected ""Hot Wings"". ""First aired on August 3, 2009"" Chance and Real have returned for a second season, after both failed to making a lasting connection in season one; Chance selected no one, and Real's romantic relationship with Corn Fed ended soon after the show. In season two, the ""Stallionaires"" have twenty new women looking for love, and it will be up to Real and Chance to find their ""Stallionettes"". The season features new twists such as no ""Real girls"" or ""Chance girls"" yet, leading to ""double the competition for their men."" This twist leads to ""calculated game-play""

"Nelson Muntz"
Moe's childhood experiences and behaviors are somewhat relatable with Nelson's. Moe briefly appears and claims that he is part of the family and is then shunned off screen by the Muntz' confused looks. ""The Simpsons"" creator Matt Groening named Nelson after the wrestling hold of the same name. Nelson was also said to be named after popular Brat Pack actor Judd Nelson, who portrayed the character John Bender in the eighties classic ""The Breakfast Club"", partially of whom Nelson Muntz's character has similarities. Cast member Nancy Cartwright voices the character, which first appeared in the fifth episode of the first

Nelson Muntz Nelson Muntz is a fictional character and the lead school bully from the animated television series ""The Simpsons"", best known for his signature mocking laugh ""Ha-ha!"". He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and was introduced in Season 1's ""Bart the General"" as an antagonist but later turned into an on-and-off friend of Bart Simpson. Nelson is a student and bully at Springfield Elementary School. He is known to have terrorized virtually every kid in Springfield at one point or another. Most often, however, it is the school nerds and less popular students, such as Milhouse and Martin, who

"Frank Nelson (actor)"
with the character on ""The Simpsons"" called the ""Frank Nelson Type"" (aka ""Yes Guy""). Nelson's appearance and mannerisms were also parodied multiple times in the Disney Afternoon series ""TaleSpin"", with Nelson represented by a large hippopotamus in a suit. ""The Daily Show"" often featured a Nelson impression by host Jon Stewart after a setup clip, often ""Yeeesss?"" or ""Go onnnnnnn..."" followed by another clip which serves as the punchline. Jack Benny co-star and cartoon voice artist Mel Blanc would sometimes pay homage to Nelson by working ""EEE-Yeeeeeeeeesssss"" into one of his voice portrayals. Other performers have done the same. For

"Harry Shearer"
found it peculiar that the members of the cast were adamant about not being known to the public as the people behind the voices. Shearer provides voices for Principal Skinner, Kent Brockman, Mr. Burns, Waylon Smithers, Ned Flanders, Reverend Lovejoy, Dr. Hibbert, Lenny Leonard, Otto Mann, Rainier Wolfcastle, Scratchy, Kang, Dr. Marvin Monroe, Judge Snyder and many others. He has described all of his regular characters' voices as ""easy to slip into. ... I wouldn't do them if they weren't easy."" Shearer modeled Mr. Burns's voice on the two actors Lionel Barrymore and Ronald Reagan. Shearer says that Burns is

"Jeff Ross"
Jeff Ross Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, and actor. His skill in doing high-profile celebrity roasts and his appearances in Comedy Central's Roasts have led him to be dubbed ""The Roastmaster General."" He has appeared in various film, television, and cartoon projects. He has made appearances at events for U.S. soldiers and directed a documentary film covering his experiences touring U.S. bases in Iraq. Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz was born and raised to a Jewish family in Springfield, New Jersey, where he attended Jonathan Dayton High School. His mother died from leukemia when

"Jackie Mason"
(also known as ""Jackie Mason on Broadway""). He also won a 1992 Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his role as Rabbi Krustofsky on ""The Simpsons"", shared with five of the show's regular cast members. Mason also won a CableACE Award for Writing in a Comedy Special, and was nominated for Performance in a Comedy Special, for ""The World According to Me"". In DePatie-Freleng Enterprises' animated cartoon series The Ant and the Aardvark, the Aardvark's voice was performed by John Byner as an imitation of Mason. Jackie Mason Jackie Mason (born Yacov Moshe Maza; June 9, 1931) is an

"Dr. Hibbert"
Dr. Hibbert Dr. Julius M. Hibbert, usually referred to as Dr. Hibbert, is a recurring character on the animated series ""The Simpsons"". His speaking voice is provided by Harry Shearer and his singing voice was by Thurl Ravenscroft, and he first appeared in the episode ""Bart the Daredevil"". Dr. Hibbert is Springfield's most prominent and competent doctor, though he sometimes makes no effort to hide or makes light of his high prices. Dr. Hibbert is very good-natured, and is known for finding a reason to laugh at nearly every situation. Dr. Hibbert is the Simpsons' (usually) kind-hearted family doctor, a

"John Calipari"
John Calipari John Vincent Calipari (born February 10, 1959) is an American basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the head coach of the University of Kentucky men's team, with whom he won the NCAA Championship in 2012. He has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times (in 1996, 2008 and 2015), and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2015. He was previously the head coach at the University of Massachusetts from 1988 to 1996, the NBA's New Jersey Nets from 1996 to 1999 and the University of Memphis from 2000 to 2009, and was

Final Four standing vacated after Marcus Camby was ruled ineligible due to his contact with a sports agent. Overall record with vacated wins is 720–204 (.779) John Calipari John Vincent Calipari (born February 10, 1959) is an American basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the head coach of the University of Kentucky men's team, with whom he won the NCAA Championship in 2012. He has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times (in 1996, 2008 and 2015), and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2015. He was previously the head coach at the University

Rick Pitino Richard Andrew Pitino (born September 18, 1952) is a former American basketball coach. He has been the head coach of several teams in NCAA Division I and in the NBA, including Boston University (1978–1983), Providence College (1985–1987), the New York Knicks (1987–1989), the University of Kentucky (1989–1997), the Boston Celtics (1997–2001) and the University of Louisville (2001–2017). Pitino led Kentucky to the NCAA championship in 1996 and Louisville in 2013, although the latter was vacated by the NCAA. He is the only coach to lead three different schools (Providence, Kentucky, and Louisville) to a Final Four. Pitino is

"Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball"
1970, Joe B. Hall in 1978, Eddie Sutton in 1986, Rick Pitino in 1990 and 1992, Tubby Smith in 1998, 2003, and 2005, and John Calipari in 2012 and 2015. Additionally, 7 Wildcats coaches have been named Southeastern Conference Coach-of-the-Year: Adolph Rupp in 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 and 1972, Joe B. Hall in 1973, 1975, 1978 and 1983, Eddie Sutton in 1986, Rick Pitino in 1990, 1991 and 1996, Tubby Smith in 1998, 2003, and 2005, Billy Gillispie in 2008, and John Calipari in 2010, 2012, and 2015. The following is a list of Kentucky's 8 National Championships:

did come just a double-overtime loss short of another Final Four appearance in 2005. On March 22, 2007, Smith resigned his position of UK Head Coach to accept the head coach position at the University of Minnesota. On April 6, 2007, Billy Gillispie was formally announced as the new head coach of the University of Kentucky by UK athletic director Mitch Barnhart. He fielded questions from the media during the press conference held at UK's new practice facility, the Joe Craft Center. He expressed his excitement and joy to be not only considered for the position but to have been

well as the most #1 NBA Draft picks (3). The Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches, including Adolph Rupp, Joe B. Hall, Eddie Sutton, Rick Pitino, Tubby Smith, and John Calipari. Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches (Rupp, Hall, Pitino, Smith, Calipari). Three Kentucky coaches have been enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: Rupp, Pitino, and Calipari. Former Wildcat players that have gone on to become head coaches include C.M. Newton, Pat Riley, Dan Issel, Dwane Casey, John Pelphrey, and Travis Ford. Records indicate that the first head

Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball The Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky. Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both all-time wins (2,263) and all-time winning percentage (.764). The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari. Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances (58), NCAA tournament wins (126), NCAA Tournament games played (177), NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances (43), NCAA Elite Eight appearances (37), and total postseason tournament appearances (65). Further, Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours (tied for

goal first came to the college game. The Kentucky Wildcats presently play their home games in 23,500+-seat Rupp Arena, the largest arena in the United States built specifically for basketball. It was opened in 1976 and is named after legendary Kentucky head coach Adolph Rupp . Located off-campus, in downtown Lexington, the facility's official capacity is 23,500+. The Wildcats have consistently led the country in home attendance since the 1976–77 season (when Rupp Arena first opened), winning the National Attendance Title a record 25 times, including 17 of the past 20 seasons, and 8 of the last 10 seasons. Kentucky

expected much of to return the Wildcats back to the championship game for a second time. Pitino left Kentucky in 1997 to coach the NBA's Boston Celtics, he then went on to coach Kentucky's in-state rival, the University of Louisville. Orlando ""Tubby"" Smith was introduced by UK Athletic Director C.M. Newton as the Wildcats' 20th head coach on May 12, 1997, charged with the unenviable task of replacing popular coach Rick Pitino. The Wildcats were at the top of the basketball world at the time, having won a national title in 1996 and, according to many, missing a second straight

was due to more than wins and losses, citing ""philosophical differences"" and ""a clear gap in how the rules and responsibilities overseeing the program are viewed"". On April 1, 2009, John Calipari replaced former head coach Billy Gillispie as the Wildcats head coach. To begin his tenure at the University of Kentucky, John Calipari signed one of the best all time recruiting classes. The class was headlined by four five-star recruits: John Wall, DeMarcus Cousins, Daniel Orton, and Eric Bledsoe. On December 19, 2009, the Wildcats defeated Austin Peay 90–69 extending their record to 11–0, and John Calipari broke Adolph

"Figure skating at the Olympic Games"
in London, United Kingdom. As this traditional winter sport could be conducted indoors, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved its inclusion in the Summer Olympics program. It was featured a second time at the Antwerp Games, after which it was permanently transferred to the program of the Winter Olympic Games, first held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. In London, figure skating was presented in four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's special figures, and mixed pairs. The special figures contest was won by Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal. He remains the event's

"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's singles"
competition was three-time world champion Evgeni Plushenko, who withdrew from the 2005 World Championships due to injury. Reigning world champion Stéphane Lambiel was considered Plushenko's main competition for the gold. Other notable competitors coming into the event included Canadians Jeffrey Buttle (the reigning world silver medalist) and Emanuel Sandhu, France's Brian Joubert, Japan's Daisuke Takahashi, and the strong American team of Johnny Weir, Evan Lysacek (reigning world bronze medalist), and Matt Savoie. The men's short program took place on February 14. Plushenko took the early lead after the short program. He set a new personal best (also the world record)

"Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's singles"
Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's singles The men's individual skating was an event held as part of the figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics. It was the second appearance of the event and the sport, which had previously been held in 1908. Nine skaters from six nations competed. Gillis Grafström of Sweden captured the first of three consecutive Olympic gold medals in the men's single event in 1920. 1908 gold medalist Ulrich Salchow finished fourth. At age 44, bronze medalist Martin Stixrud is the oldest man to ever win an Olympic medal in an individual

"2011 World Figure Skating Championships"
number of competitors, the men's, ladies', and ice dancing competitions required a preliminary round prior to the main competition. The top 12 men and ladies advanced to the short program and the top 10 ice dancing teams advanced to the short dance. 195 athletes from 44 countries were scheduled to participate. ""PR: Preliminary round"" Patrick Chan won the short program with a record score, while Nobunari Oda placed second and defending champion, Daisuke Takahashi, third. Chan also set record free skating and total scores to win his first World title, after previously winning two silvers. Takahiko Kozuka won his first

"Brian Boitano"
the event. Alexander Fadeev had won the compulsory figures section of the competition with Boitano second and Orser third. In the short program, Orser placed first and Boitano second. The free skating was, at the time, worth 50% of the score, and so Boitano's lead would not be enough to hold him in first place if he lost the free skate. Boitano skated a clean, technically excellent long program, with eight triple jumps, two Axels, and a triple-triple combination. Orser made one small mistake on a jump and omitted his planned second triple axel. Boitano won the Battle in a

"Tell Me Something Good"
Tell Me Something Good ""Tell Me Something Good"" is a song by Rufus and Chaka Khan, written by Stevie Wonder and released in 1974. The single was a hit in the United States, peaking at number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and spent one week at number one on the ""Cash Box"" Top 100. It was among the earliest hits to use the guitar talk box, by Tony Maiden. The song has been described as having "".. rude metallic guitar"" (by Al Ciner) and "".. a beautiful bass, clav and heavy breathing groove."" The song can be difficult to

show in the morning named after the song (which was also the theme song). The host told the listeners about a positive true event that happened that day. The Bobby Bones Show also has a segment named after the song. Tell Me Something Good ""Tell Me Something Good"" is a song by Rufus and Chaka Khan, written by Stevie Wonder and released in 1974. The single was a hit in the United States, peaking at number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and spent one week at number one on the ""Cash Box"" Top 100. It was among the earliest

has recurring nightmares and thoughts of his parents. BET cable network aired and produced a phone-in game show named after the song (which was also the theme song).Julie Rogers hosted this show which was a short-lived, live call-in game show where home viewers have to answer one question of the day that was followed by panel of three celebrity judges ranking the best responses for a prize. It aired from 1988-89. Many venues in the NBA, NHL, MLB, and NFL play this song when a play is under review by referees or umpires. New York radio station WCBS-FM had a

count as there is an off-count into the verse. The first note is on the ""and of four."" The record was produced by the band with Bob Monaco. Rufus won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus for the song at the 17th Annual Grammy Awards in 1975. On the title track of Funkadelic's 1975 album Let's Take It to the Stage, the band calls out, ""Hey 'Sloofus,' tell me something good,"" and antagonizes the singer to ""take it to the stage, sucker."" The song pokes fun at the sudden surge in prevalence

"Something Good (Utah Saints song)"
Something Good (Utah Saints song) ""Something Good"" is a song released by Utah Saints in 1992. It was first included as the lead song on a seven-track EP titled ""Something Good"", then later included on the ""Utah Saints"" album. ""Something Good"" contains a vocal sample from Kate Bush's ""Cloudbusting"" (originally appearing on her 1985 album ""Hounds of Love"" and was issued as a single in October 1985 and peaked at number 20 in the UK). Issued as a single, the track hit number four in the UK Singles Chart as well as number seven on the U.S. Hot Dance Club

"Something Good (Richard Rodgers song)"
Something Good (Richard Rodgers song) ""Something Good"" is a song written by Richard Rodgers for the film version of ""The Sound of Music"". It replaced the original song sung by Maria and Captain Georg von Trapp called ""An Ordinary Couple"". Since then the song has been used in the various reproduction of the play and most recently the 2013 television special, ""The Sound of Music Live!"". It was first recorded by Julie Andrews and playback singer Bill Lee (dubbing over the voice of actor Christopher Plummer) for the film's soundtrack and was covered by Carrie Underwood and Stephen Moyer on

"The Good Stuff"
The Good Stuff ""The Good Stuff"" is a song written by Jim Collins and Craig Wiseman and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in May 2002 as the second single from Chesney's 2002 album ""No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems"". The song became Chesney's fifth number one hit on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. At the time, it was also his longest-lasting number one, spending seven weeks at that position (that record has since been tied by his 2003 single ""There Goes My Life""). The song also reached number 22 on

"A Little Good News"
A Little Good News ""A Little Good News"" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Anne Murray. It was released in September 1983 as the lead single from the album of the same name. The song was written by Tommy Rocco, Charlie Black, and Rory Michael Bourke and was Anne Murray's seventh #1 hit on the ""Billboard"" country chart. In the United States, the single hit #1 Country (lasting a total of 20 weeks on the Country chart overall), #10 Adult Contemporary, and #74 Pop. The song also appears on Murray's 2007 album """", performed as a duet

"Good Good"
said that it focused on sexual fantasy with influences from pin-up models. The singer also promoted ""Good Good"" through live performances. Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal produced ""Good Good"" and wrote it with Ashanti. The song was recorded by John Horesco IV, and it samples Elton John's 1974 single ""Bennie and the Jets"" and Michael Jackson's 1982 single ""The Girl Is Mine"". ""Good Good"" includes the piano melody from the John song, which Billy Johnson, Jr. of Yahoo! Music described as a ""more subdued"" take on the original in order ""to escape a barrage of comparisons to Elton's version"". In

Chesney's.) ""The Good Stuff"" debuted at number 53 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of May 4, 2002. The Good Stuff ""The Good Stuff"" is a song written by Jim Collins and Craig Wiseman and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in May 2002 as the second single from Chesney's 2002 album ""No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems"". The song became Chesney's fifth number one hit on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. At the time, it was also his longest-lasting number one, spending seven

the initial unification of upper and lower egypt took place during which period

"Upper and Lower Egypt"
Upper and Lower Egypt In Egyptian history, the Upper and Lower Egypt period (also known as the Two Lands) was the final stage of prehistoric Egypt and directly preceded the nation's unification. The conception of Egypt as the Two Lands was an example of the dualism in ancient Egyptian culture and appeared frequently in texts and imagery, including in the titles of Egyptian pharaohs. The Egyptian title ""zmꜣ-tꜣwj"" (Egyptological pronunciation ""sema-tawy"") is usually translated as ""Uniter of the Two Lands"" and was depicted as a human trachea entwined with the papyrus and lily plant. The trachea stood for unification, while

Nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta. To the south was Upper Egypt, stretching to Aswan. The terminology ""Upper"" and ""Lower"" derives from the flow of the Nile from the highlands of East Africa northwards to the Mediterranean Sea. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the ""hedjet"" or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the ""deshret"" or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the ""pschent"", a double crown, each

"Middle Kingdom of Egypt"
the Old Kingdom pharaoh Khufu in the Westcar Papyrus. Pharaohs of the Twelfth through Eighteenth Dynasty are credited with preserving for us some of the most interesting of Egyptian papyri: Middle Kingdom of Egypt The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom lasted from around 2050 BC to around 1710 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the reign of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the

"Upper Egypt"
was related to the Levantine ceramics, appeared during this time. Extensive use of copper became common during this time. The Mesopotamian process of sun-drying adobe and architectural principles—including the use of the arch and recessed walls for decorative effect—became popular during this time. Concurrent with these cultural advances, a process of unification of the societies and towns of the upper Nile River, or Upper Egypt, occurred. At the same time the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer

Middle Kingdom of Egypt The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom lasted from around 2050 BC to around 1710 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the reign of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. The Eleventh Dynasty ruled from Thebes and the Twelfth Dynasty ruled from el-Lisht. Some scholars also include the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt wholly into this period as well,

"Lower Egypt"
The Mesopotamian process of sun-dried bricks, and architectural building principles—including the use of the arch and recessed walls for decorative effect—became popular during this time. Concurrent with these cultural advances, a process of unification of the societies and towns of the upper Nile River, or Upper Egypt, occurred. At the same time the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta and merged both the Kingdom of Upper and Lower Egypt under his

"Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)"
Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt ""c."" 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Thinis to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the

""tꜣ šmꜣw"", literally ""the Land of Reeds"" or ""the Sedgeland"" It was divided into twenty-two districts called nomes. The first nome was roughly where modern-day Aswan is and the twenty-second was at modern Atfih just to the south of Cairo. The main city of prehistoric Upper Egypt was Nekhen, whose patron deity was the vulture goddess Nekhbet. By about 3600 BC, Neolithic Egyptian societies along the Nile had based their culture on the raising of crops and the domestication of animals. Shortly after 3600 BC, Egyptian society began to grow and increase in complexity. A new and distinctive pottery, which

By the 33rd century BC, just before the First Dynasty of Egypt, Egypt was divided into two kingdoms known from later times as Upper Egypt to the south and Lower Egypt to the north. The dividing line was drawn roughly in the area of modern Cairo. The historical records of ancient Egypt begin with Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime around 3150 BC. According to Egyptian tradition, Menes, thought to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt, was the first king. This Egyptian culture, customs, art expression, architecture, and social structure was closely tied to religion, remarkably stable, and

"Lord Voldemort"
is also playable in ""Lego Dimensions"", with archive audio of Ralph Fiennes's portrayal in the films used for his voiceovers. In ""The Lego Batman Movie"" pack for the game, Voldemort is voiced by Liam O'Brien"". A 2018 Italian fan film titled """" depicts the story of Tom Riddle's rise to power. Lord Voldemort Lord Voldemort (, in the films; born Tom Marvolo Riddle) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of ""Harry Potter"" novels. Voldemort first appeared in ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", which was released in 1997. Voldemort appears either in person

"Ralph Fiennes"
""Main article:"" List of awards and nominations received by Ralph Fiennes Ralph Fiennes Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer and director, particularly known for his portrayal of the villainous Lord Voldemort in the ""Harry Potter"" film series. A Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre. Fiennes' portrayal of Nazi war criminal Amon Göth in ""Schindler's List"" (1993) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a

"Richard Bremmer"
"":Vipere au poing"". Richard Bremmer Richard Bremmer (born 27 January 1953) is an English actor. Bremmer was born and brought up in Warwickshire, England. Bremmer first began his career in the short film of ""Couples and Robbers"" before being in his first full-length film ""The Girl with Brains in Her Feet"". He is most noted for playing Lord Voldemort in ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" (with the footage he appears in being reused in ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"") and played Skeld in ""The 13th Warrior"". He also had the role of L'abbé Traquet in

Ralph Fiennes Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer and director, particularly known for his portrayal of the villainous Lord Voldemort in the ""Harry Potter"" film series. A Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre. Fiennes' portrayal of Nazi war criminal Amon Göth in ""Schindler's List"" (1993) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His performance as Count Almásy in ""The English Patient""

Richard Bremmer Richard Bremmer (born 27 January 1953) is an English actor. Bremmer was born and brought up in Warwickshire, England. Bremmer first began his career in the short film of ""Couples and Robbers"" before being in his first full-length film ""The Girl with Brains in Her Feet"". He is most noted for playing Lord Voldemort in ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"" (with the footage he appears in being reused in ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"") and played Skeld in ""The 13th Warrior"". He also had the role of L'abbé Traquet in the 2004 film

his physical form for the first time, played by Ralph Fiennes. As in the book, Voldemort is shown clad in dark black robes, being tall and emaciated, with no hair and yellowish teeth; his wand has a white tone and the handle appears to be made of bone; his finger nails are long and pale blue while his toe nails appear to be infected. Unlike in the book, his pupils are not cat-like and his eyes are blue, because producer David Heyman felt that his evil would not be able to be seen and would not fill the audience with

Deathly Hallows – Part 1"" and ""Part 2"". Fiennes's nephew, Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, portrayed Tom Riddle as a child in ""Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"". By the time filming arrived Christian Coulson was 29, and not considered suitable to return as the adolescent Riddle. Thomas James Longley was originally scheduled to take over the role, but last minute renegotiations saw Frank Dillane cast instead. After he regains his body in the fourth book, Rowling describes Voldemort as having pale skin, a chalk-white, skull-like face, snake-like slits for nostrils, red eyes and cat-like slits for pupils, a skeletally thin body and

played by Daniel Radcliffe. Fiennes said with a chuckle: ""I have no doubt children will be afraid of me now if they weren't before."" In preparation, he read the novel ""Goblet of Fire"", but jokingly conceded: ""I was only interested in my scene, and I had to go through thousands and thousands of other scenes which I did, dutifully, until I got to my scene and I read it many, many, many, many, many times and that was my research."" Fiennes reprised his role as Voldemort in ""Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"" and ""Harry Potter and the

Lord Voldemort Lord Voldemort (, in the films; born Tom Marvolo Riddle) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of ""Harry Potter"" novels. Voldemort first appeared in ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", which was released in 1997. Voldemort appears either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series, except the third, ""Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban"", where he is only mentioned. Voldemort is the archenemy of Harry Potter, who according to a prophecy has ""the power to vanquish the Dark Lord"". Nearly every witch

Very Potter Musical"", Voldemort is played by actor Joe Walker. Voldemort also appeared in the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London as an inflatable representation of children's literature villains, alongside The Queen of Hearts, Captain Hook, and Cruella de Vil. Voldemort appears in ""The Lego Batman Movie"" as one of the prisoners in the Phantom Zone that Joker recruits to take over Gotham City. Though Ralph Fiennes is featured in this movie as the voice of Alfred Pennyworth, he does not reprise his role. Instead, Voldemort is voiced by Eddie Izzard Outside of the ""Harry Potter"" video games, Voldemort

"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)"
showrunner Bryan Fuller had intended for ""Discovery"" to be an anthology series that told different stories each season. CBS did not agree, but a hybrid approach was eventually used, following the same characters but telling different stories each season. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, and filming began in April 2018. Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, the first season's showrunners, returned for the second but were fired during production; co-creator Kurtzman replaced them. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access and will consist of 14 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Jonathan Frakes

first season. Russo generally works directly with the showrunners rather than any of the episodic directors, but discussed his score for the season's second episode with director Jonathan Frakes. The season was promoted at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018, with Notaro moderating a panel that featured Kurtzman, Martin-Green, Jones, Latif, Wiseman, Rapp, Cruz, Chieffo, Mount, and executive producer Heather Kadin. The first trailer for the season debuted at the panel before being released online. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access in the United States. Bell Media broadcasts the series in Canada

as a director and co-executive producer during the first season, became a full executive producer as well and was set as producing director for the rest of the season's production. Additionally, Jenny Lumet, who joined as a consulting producer at the beginning of the season, was promoted to co-executive producer. In July, the season was confirmed to premiere in January 2019. The series' writers began work on the second season in December 2017, and were considering ""science vs. faith"" as the main theme of the season. Harberts said that, unlike the first season, the second would not be a ""war

"Star Trek Beyond"
release of the film to 2016, for the 50th anniversary celebration of the debut of Gene Roddenberry's original sci-fi series. In December, it was announced that the film was to be released on July 8, 2016. In September 2015, the film's release date was pushed back to July 22, 2016. The film was released in Dolby Cinema format in selected theaters. The film had its Australian premiere in Sydney on July 7. A teaser trailer for the film was released on December 14, 2015, and was criticized by some fans for focusing too much on action, and for featuring the

two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. A sequel, provisionally titled """", is scheduled for release on December 20, 2019. Following the battle of Starkiller Base, General Leia Organa leads Resistance forces to flee D'Qar when a First Order fleet arrives. Poe Dameron leads a costly counterattack that destroys a First Order dreadnought, but after the Resistance escapes to hyperspace, the First Order tracks them and attacks the Resistance convoy. Kylo Ren, Leia's son, hesitates to fire on the lead Resistance ship after sensing his mother's presence, but his wingmen destroy the bridge, killing most of the Resistance

complex. The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Former Speaker, Meira Kumar. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag. The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head. The President of

"Speaker of the Lok Sabha"
Speaker of the Lok Sabha The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha (House of the People), the lower house of the Parliament of India. The speaker is elected generally in the very first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha (House of people), and is by convention a member of the ruling party or alliance. The current speaker is Sumitra Mahajan of the Bharatiya Janata Party, who is presiding over the 16th Lok Sabha. She

Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat. Present secretary-general is Desh Deepak Sharma, IAS. Rajya Sabha Television (RSTV) is a 24-hour a day, seven day a week parliamentary TV channel fully owned and operated by the Rajya Sabha. The channel is aimed at providing in-depth coverage and analysis of parliamentary affairs especially the functioning of and developments related to Rajya Sabha. During sessions of Parliament, apart

"Harivansh Narayan Singh"
Harivansh Narayan Singh Harivansh (born 30 June 1956) is an Indian journalist and politician, who is the current Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He did his graduation & Post graduation in Economics from Banaras Hindu University and also holds Diploma in Journalism. He resides at Ranchi. He has worked in several different media publications through his career, starting with the Times of India. He served as an additional media advisor to former Prime Minister Chandrashekhar. He joined the then obscure and nearly dead Hindi publication Prabhat Khabar in 1989, and scaled it

"Epistle to the Galatians"
Epistle to the Galatians The Epistle to the Galatians, often shortened to Galatians, is the ninth book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul the Apostle to a number of Early Christian communities in Galatia. Scholars have suggested that this is either the Roman province of Galatia in southern Anatolia, or a large region defined by an ethnic group of Celtic people in central Anatolia. Paul is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law during the Apostolic Age. Paul argues that the Gentile Galatians do not need to adhere to the tenets

Celtic people living in northern Asia Minor, but most agree that it is a geographical reference to the Roman province in central Asia Minor, which had been settled by immigrant Celts in the 270s BC and retained Gaulish features of culture and language in Paul's day. Acts of the Apostles records Paul traveling to the ""region of Galatia and Phrygia"", which lies immediately west of Galatia. Some claim the New Testament says that the churches of Galatia (Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe) were founded by Paul himself (; ). They seem to have been composed mainly of gentile

in Cilicia) after his first visit to Jerusalem as a Christian, or during his first missionary journey, when he traveled throughout southern Galatia. If it was written to the believers in South Galatia, it would likely have been written in 49. A third theory is that Galatians 2:1–10 describes Paul and Barnabas' visit to Jerusalem described in Acts 11:30 and 12:25. This theory holds that the epistle was written before the Council was convened, possibly making it the earliest of Paul's epistles. According to this theory, the revelation mentioned (Gal 2:2) corresponds with the prophecy of Agabus (Acts 11:27–28). This

of the Mosaic Law, particularly circumcision, by contextualizing the role of the law in light of the revelation of Christ. Galatians has exerted enormous influence on the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul. No original of the letter is known to survive. The earliest reasonably complete version available to scholars today, named P, dates to approximately 200 AD, approximately 150 years after the original was presumably drafted. This papyrus is fragmented in a few areas, causing some of the original text carefully preserved over the years to be missing, ""however, through

careful research relating to paper construction, handwriting development, and the established principles of textual criticism, scholars can be rather certain about where these errors and changes appeared and what the original text probably said."" A majority of scholars agree that Galatians was written between the late 40s and early 50s. although some date the original composition to c. 50–60 AD.. Biblical scholars agree that Galatians is a true example of Paul's writing. The main arguments in favor of the authenticity of Galatians include its style and themes, which are common to the core letters of the Pauline corpus. George S.

late 50s, only a few years after the Antiochene incident he narrates"". Eminent Biblical scholar Helmut Koester also subscribes to the ""North Galatian Hypothesis"". Koester points out that the cities of Galatia in the north consist of Ankyra, Pessinus, and Gordium (of the Gordian Knot fame of Alexander the Great). The South Galatian view holds that Paul wrote Galatians before or shortly after the First Jerusalem Council, probably on his way to it, and that it was written to churches he had presumably planted during either his time in Tarsus (he would have traveled a short distance, since Tarsus is

"Epistle to the Colossians"
Epistle to the Colossians The Epistle of Paul to the Colossians, usually referred to simply as Colossians, is the twelfth book of the New Testament. It was written, according to the text, by Paul the Apostle and Timothy to the Church in Colossae, a small Phrygian city near Laodicea and approximately from Ephesus in Asia Minor. Scholars have increasingly questioned Paul's authorship and attributed the letter to an early follower instead. The authenticity of the letter, however, has been defended with equal strength. If Paul was the author, he probably used an amanuensis, or secretary, in writing the letter (Col

as the Jewish Christians. Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large. This puts it during the lifetime of Paul himself. Nevertheless, a small number of scholars have questioned Paul's authorship of Galatians, such as Bruno Bauer, Abraham Loman, C. H. Weisse and Frank R. McGuire. Paul's letter is addressed ""to the churches of Galatia"" (), but the location of these churches is a matter of debate. A minority of scholars have argued that the ""Galatia"" is an ethnic reference to a

"Galatians 1"
he was not a disciple, till such time that Barnabas took him, and brought him to the Apostles Peter and James, and related his conversion and his boldness in preaching the Gospel at Damascus: his view in going up to Jerusalem at this time was partly his own safety, being obliged to fly from Damascus, but chiefly The Alexandrian copy, and another, read ""Cephas"", and so does the Ethiopic version, the same with Peter: not to see what sort of a man he was, but to pay him a Christian visit; to converse with him about spiritual things; to know

Tatian
Tatian Tatian of Adiabene, or Tatian the Syrian, Tatian the Assyrian, (; ; ; ; c. 120 – c. 180 AD) was a Syrian Christian writer and theologian of the 2nd century. Tatian's most influential work is the Diatessaron, a Biblical paraphrase, or ""harmony"", of the four gospels that became the standard text of the four gospels in the Syriac-speaking churches until the 5th-century, after which it gave way to the four separate gospels in the Peshitta version. Concerning the date and place of his birth, little is known beyond what Tatian tells about himself in his ""Oratio ad Graecos"",

"Red panda"
Red panda The red panda (""Ailurus fulgens"") is a mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, because the wild population is estimated at fewer than 10,000 mature individuals and continues to decline due to habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and inbreeding depression. The red panda has reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling gait due to its shorter front legs; it is roughly the size of a domestic cat, though with a longer body and somewhat heavier. It is arboreal, feeds mainly on bamboo, but also

series ""The Legend of Korra"". Red panda The red panda (""Ailurus fulgens"") is a mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, because the wild population is estimated at fewer than 10,000 mature individuals and continues to decline due to habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and inbreeding depression. The red panda has reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling gait due to its shorter front legs; it is roughly the size of a domestic cat, though with a longer body and somewhat heavier. It is arboreal, feeds

""lesser panda"" occur in French (small panda), German (small panda), Spanish (lesser panda), Dutch (small panda), Russian (, ""small panda""), Korean (, ""baby panda""), and Japanese (, a transliteration of English ""lesser panda""). The red panda was recognized as the state animal of Sikkim in the early 1990s, and was the mascot of the Darjeeling Tea Festival. In 2005, Babu, a male red panda at Birmingham Nature Centre in Birmingham, England, escaped and briefly became a media celebrity, before being recaptured. He was subsequently voted ""Brummie of the Year"", the first animal to receive this honor. Rusty, a male red

individuals, with a decreasing population trend; only about half of the total area of potential habitat of is actually being used by the species. Due to their shy and secretive nature, and their largely nocturnal habits, observation of red pandas is difficult. Therefore, population figures in the wild are determined by population density estimates and not direct counts. Worldwide population estimates range from fewer than 2,500 to between 16,000 and 20,000 individuals. In 1999, the total population in China was estimated at between 3,000 and 7,000 individuals. In 2001, the wild population in India was estimated at between 5,000 and

is home to 15 red pandas which generate household income through tourism activities, including homestays. Villagers in the high-altitude areas of Arunachal Pradesh have formed the Pangchen Red Panda Conservation Alliance comprising five villages with a community-conserved forest area of at an altitude of to over . The red panda is quite adaptable to living in captivity, and is common in zoos worldwide. By 1992, more than 300 births had occurred in captivity, and more than 300 individuals lived in 85 institutions worldwide. By 2001, 182 individuals were in North American zoos alone. As of 2006, the international studbook listed

tree head-first, the red panda rotates its ankle to control its descent, one of the few climbing species to do so. The red panda is endemic to the temperate forests of the Himalayas, and ranges from the foothills of western Nepal to China in the east. Its easternmost limit is the Qinling Mountains of the Shaanxi Province in China. Its range includes southern Tibet, Sikkim and Assam in India, Bhutan, the northern mountains of Burma, and in south-western China, in the Hengduan Mountains of Sichuan and the Gongshan Mountains in Yunnan. It may also live in south-west Tibet and northern

in 17 years. Due to CITES, this zoo harvest has decreased substantially in recent years, but poaching continues, and red pandas are often sold to private collectors at exorbitant prices. In some parts of Nepal and India, red pandas are kept as pets. The red panda has a naturally low birth rate (usually one single or twin birth per year), and a high death rate in the wild. The red panda is listed in CITES Appendix I. The species has been classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List since 2008 because the global population is estimated at about 10,000

"Giant panda"
Giant panda The giant panda (""Ailuropoda melanoleuca"", literally ""black and white cat-foot""; , literally ""big bear cat""), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China. It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. The name ""giant panda"" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo. Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in

eats eggs, birds, and insects. It is a solitary animal, mainly active from dusk to dawn, and is largely sedentary during the day. It is also called the lesser panda, the red bear-cat, and the red cat-bear. The red panda is the only living species of the genus ""Ailurus"" and the family Ailuridae. It has been previously placed in the raccoon and bear families, but the results of phylogenetic analysis provide strong support for its taxonomic classification in its own family, Ailuridae, which is part of the superfamily Musteloidea, along with the weasel, raccoon and skunk families. Two subspecies are

6,000 individuals. Estimates for Nepal indicate only a few hundred individuals. No records from Bhutan or Burma exist. Reliable population numbers are hard to find, partly because other animals have been mistaken for the red panda. For instance, one report from Burma stated that red pandas were still fairly common in some areas; however, the accompanying photographic proof of the ""red panda"" is in fact a species of civet. The red panda is protected in all range countries, and hunting is illegal. Beyond this, conservation efforts are highly variable between countries: A community-managed forest in Ilam District of eastern Nepal

black market of metahuman supervillains. Filming for the season began on July 4, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded on April 21, 2018. Kevin Smith returned to direct an episode in January 2018. In August 2017, series composer Blake Neely and Nathaniel Blume began to compose the music for the fourth season. In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series ""Supergirl"", ""The Flash"", ""Legends of Tomorrow"", and ""Arrow"". The crossover, ""Crisis on Earth-X"", began with ""Supergirl"" and a special airing of ""Arrow"" on

November 27, 2017, and concluded on ""The Flash"" and ""Legends of Tomorrow"" on November 28. In August 2017, Berlanti noted that it would be ""a big life event for a few different people"" that would bring them all together for the crossover, adding ""There are many life events that happen."" Prior to that, ""Arrow"" actress Emily Bett Rickards appears as Felicity Smoak in the fifth episode of the season. Following the crossover, Katie Cassidy (who has previously appeared on ""The Flash"" as both Laurel Lance and Black Siren) appears in the nineteenth episode as Siren-X, an alternate version of Laurel

"Therefore sign"
Therefore sign In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign (∴) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read ""therefore"". It is encoded at . For common use in Microsoft Office hold the ALT key and type ""8756"". While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand. It is complementary to . According to Cajori, ""A History of Mathematical Notations,"" Johann Rahn used both the ""therefore"" and ""because"" signs to mean ""therefore"";

3
3 3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4. Three remains the largest number still written with the number of lines corresponding to the value (though the Ancient Romans usually wrote 4 as IIII, the subtractive notation IV became the preferred notation throughout and after the Middle Ages). To this day, 3 is written as three lines in Roman and Chinese numerals. This is also true regarding the Brahmin Indians' numerical notation. However, the path towards the modern glyph began with the Gupta, who modified the number through the addition

3
in any endeavor, a third attempt is more likely to succeed. This is also sometimes seen in reverse, as in ""third man [to do something, presumably forbidden] gets caught"". Luck, especially bad luck, is often said to ""come in threes"". In baseball: 3 3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4. Three remains the largest number still written with the number of lines corresponding to the value (though the Ancient Romans usually wrote 4 as IIII, the subtractive notation IV became the preferred notation throughout and after the Middle Ages).

specialized keyboards and fonts, and to prevent compatibility issues, it's often substituted by a colon followed by a period ("":."") even if it's considered more elegant to use the original therefore character in printing. Therefore sign In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign (∴) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read ""therefore"". It is encoded at . For common use in Microsoft Office hold the ALT key and type ""8756"". While it is not generally used in

in the German edition of ""Teutsche Algebra"" (1659) the ""therefore"" sign was prevalent with the modern meaning, but in the 1668 English edition Rahn used the ""because"" sign more often to mean ""therefore"". Other authors in the eighteenth century also used three dots in a triangle shape to signify ""therefore,"" but as with Rahn, there wasn't much in the way of consistency as to how the triangle was oriented; ""because"" with its current meaning appears to have originated in the nineteenth century. In this century, the three-dot notation for therefore became very rare in continental Europe, but it remains popular

"Three-dimensional space"
Three-dimensional space Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point). This is the informal meaning of the term dimension. In physics and mathematics, a sequence of numbers can be understood as a location in -dimensional space. When , the set of all such locations is called three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is commonly represented by the symbol . This serves as a three-parameter model of the physical universe (that is, the spatial part, without considering time) in which all known

3
is not prime. A natural number is divisible by three if the sum of its digits in base 10 is divisible by 3. For example, the number 21 is divisible by three (3 times 7) and the sum of its digits is 2 + 1 = 3. Because of this, the reverse of any number that is divisible by three (or indeed, any permutation of its digits) is also divisible by three. For instance, 1368 and its reverse 8631 are both divisible by three (and so are 1386, 3168, 3186, 3618, etc.). See also Divisibility rule. This works in base

3
a flat top, similar to the character Ʒ (ezh). This form is sometimes used to prevent people from fraudulently changing a three into an eight. It is usually found on UPC-A barcodes and standard 52-card decks. 3 is: Three is the only prime which is one less than a perfect square. Any other number which is for some integer ""n"" is not prime, since it is . This is true for 3 as well (with ), but in this case the smaller factor is 1. If ""n"" is greater than 2, both and are greater than 1 so their product

"Sign (mathematics)"
before the number. For example, denotes ""positive three"", and denotes ""negative three"" (algebraically: the additive inverse of ). Without specific context, or when no explicit sign is given, a number is interpreted per default as positive. This notation establishes a strong association of the minus sign """" with negative numbers, and, likewise, the plus sign ""+"" is associated with positivity. Within the convention of zero being neither positive nor negative, a specific sign-value may be assigned to the number value . This is exploited in the formula_1-function, as defined for real numbers. In arithmetic, and both denote the same number

"Three-letter acronym"
computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra wrote ""Because no endeavour is respectable these days without a TLA ..."" By 1992 it was in a Microsoft handbook. The number of possible three-letter abbreviations (or permutations) using the 26 letters of the alphabet from A to Z (AAA, AAB ... to ZZY, ZZZ) is 26 × 26 × 26 = 17,576. Another 26 × 26 × 10 = 6760 can be produced if the third element is allowed to be a digit 0-9, giving a total of 24,336. In English, WWW is the longest possible TLA to pronounce, typically requiring nine syllables. The

"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)"
where players can choose which side to play on and which battle to play in. Battles vary from team battles to onslaughts. Alternatively, players can choose to do a custom match, where they can change some of the settings and location. Instead of the paid Season Pass downloadable content (DLC) seen in the 2015 predecessor, this game is expanded with free DLC provided to all players with a free EA account. The DLC is free to all players, using a seasonal structure similar to ""Overwatch"" and ""Rainbow Six Siege"", according to Gavankar. The first season, released in December 13, 2017,

Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game) Star Wars Battlefront II is an action shooter video game based on the ""Star Wars"" film franchise. It is the fourth major installment of the """" series and seventh overall, and a sequel to the 2015 reboot of the series. It was developed by EA DICE, in collaboration with Criterion Games and Motive Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released worldwide on November 17, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows. Upon release, ""Battlefront II"" received mixed reviews from critics. The game was also subject to widespread criticism

was based on the movie """", and included Finn (John Boyega) and Captain Phasma (Gwendoline Christie) as heroes, the planet Crait as a ground map, and a space map above D'Qar. The second season, released in May 16, 2018, was based on the movie """", and included Jabba's Palace and Kessel as ground maps, the new game modes Hero Showdown and Extraction, new character skins for Han Solo, Lando Calrissian, Chewbacca, and Leia Organa. A third season was announced on June 9, 2018, during EA Play which will feature content from the prequel trilogy of ""Star Wars"", centering on the

content was going to be added to the game at some point in the future. At EA Play it was revealed that in the fall, a Clone Wars season was going to be released, the season will include a map featuring Geonosis, new Clone Trooper skins, and General Grievous, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Count Dooku, and Anakin Skywalker as playable characters. General Grievous was released on October 30, 2018 with an alternate 'battle damaged' appearance, Obi-Wan Kenobi with the 212th Battalion skins and a Legendary ""Shattered"" General Grievous skin followed up on November 28 alongside a Geonosis Galactic Assault map as well.

2017 at ""Star Wars"" Celebration that the worldwide release of the game would be November 17, 2017. The ""Battlefront II"" beta test period started on October 4, 2017, for players who pre-ordered the game. It was expanded to an open beta on October 6, and ran until October 11. A 10-hour trial version was made available to EA Access and Origin Access subscribers on November 9, 2017. A tie-in novel, ""Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad"", was released on July 25, 2017. Written by Christie Golden, it serves as a direct prelude to the game and follows the exploits of

"Star Wars: Battlefront"
titled sabotage. The third expansion pack, titled Death Star, was released September 2016 as well and marked the debut of the Death Star in the game. The final DLC expansion pack was released on December 6, 2016. It is based on characters and locations from the Rogue One film, and it features playable characters Jyn Erso and Orson Krennic. Battles may now be waged on and above the planet of Scarif. Blake Jorgensen of Electronic Arts mentioned a sequel in November 2016, and ""Star Wars Battlefront II"" was announced in March 2017. The game was released on November 17, 2017.

the Galactic Empire's titular squad as it seeks to eliminate what was left of Saw Gerrera's rebel cell after the events of the 2016 film ""Rogue One"". On November 10, 2017, Electronic Arts announced the first in a series of free downloadable content for the game, featuring the planets D'Qar and Crait and the playable hero characters Finn and Captain Phasma. This content is a direct tie-in to December's """". On March 22, 2018, Electronic Arts unlocked all hero characters and hero vehicles for all players, and removed game-play altering drops from Crates, which now only contain cosmetic items and

November 2017, EA had lost $3 billion in stock value since the launch of the game. On March 16, 2018, developer DICE announced an overhaul for the progression and economic system. Loot crates will only contain credits, one of the in-game currencies, and cosmetic items while crystals, the other in-game currency, can be bought solely for the purpose of purchasing cosmetic items for characters in the game. Progression for player abilities, or ""Star Cards,"" is now linear as players must play a certain class or hero in order to unlock a ""Skill Point"" for that trooper or hero, which can

up with the Resistance and transmit the Dreadnought plans to General Leia. She then orders them to head to the Outer Rim to gather more allies. It was confirmed during EA Play 2017 that there would not be a season pass; rather, all downloadable content will be free for all players and will be included in events called Seasons. The first Season expansion, ""The Last Jedi"" Season was released on December 5 and is centered around , the eighth film in the ""Star Wars"" saga which was released on December 15, 2017. It features a space map over D'Qar, the

"Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005 video game)"
and Xbox. Electronic Arts announced it would extend support for ""Battlefront II"" until June 30, 2014. The extended support ended on July 25, 2014, taking all GameSpy online video games across all platforms offline. The Windows version was added to a list of supported games on GameRanger on May 31, 2014, which allows for continued online play. On October 2, 2017, multiplayer for the Windows version was again enabled, allowing for Steam and GOG cross-play. As of April 26, 2018, ""Battlefront II"" is now backwards compatible on the Xbox One and has enhanced graphics for the Xbox One X. ""Battlefront

"Invasion of Quebec (1775)"
Colonies and the official in King George's government responsible for directing the war, command of the 1777 offensive was given to General Burgoyne instead (an action that prompted Carleton to tender his resignation as Governor of Quebec). A significant portion of the Continental forces at Fort Ticonderoga were sent south with Generals Gates and Arnold in November to bolster Washington's faltering defense of New Jersey. (He had already lost New York City, and by early December had crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania, leaving the British free to operate in New Jersey.) Conquering Quebec and other British colonies remained an

who had detained Loyalists. When he arrived in Montreal, similar commissions were set up. General Horatio Gates was given command of the Continental Army's northern forces in early July. He promptly moved the bulk of the army to Ticonderoga, leaving a force of about 300 at Crown Point. The army was busied improving the defenses at Ticonderoga, while Arnold was given the task of building up the American fleet at Crown Point. Throughout the summer, reinforcements poured into Ticonderoga, until the army was estimated to be 10,000 strong. A smaller army of shipwrights labored at Skenesborough (present-day Whitehall) to build

In May 1775, aware of the light defenses and presence of heavy weapons at the British Fort Ticonderoga, Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led a force of colonial militia that captured Fort Ticonderoga and Fort Crown Point, and raided Fort St. Johns, all of which were only lightly defended at the time. Ticonderoga and Crown Point were garrisoned by 1,000 Connecticut militia under the command of Benjamin Hinman in June. The First Continental Congress, meeting in 1774, had previously invited the French-Canadians to join in a second meeting of the Congress to be held in May 1775, in a public

Trenton, a distance exceding eighty miles, in which he was well supported by the ardour of his corps, who cheerfully quitted their tents and heavy baggage as impediments to their march.""""<br> —General Howe, December 20, 1776 After withdrawing from Boston, Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the 'hinge' of the colonies. In late August, 22,000 men (including 9,000 Hessians) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat bottomed boats, this would be the largest amphibious operation undertaken by the British army until the Normandy landings almost 200 years later. In the ensuing Battle of Long

as recovering morale in the army. Washington entered winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey on January 6, though a protracted guerrilla conflict continued. While encamped, Howe made no attempt to attack, much to Washington's amazement. In December 1776, John Burgoyne returned to London to set strategy with Lord George Germain. Burgoyne's plan was to establish control of the Champlain-George-Hudson route from New York to Quebec, isolating New England. Efforts could then be concentrated on the southern colonies, where it was believed Loyalist support was in abundance. Burgoyne's plan was to lead an army along Lake Champlain, while a strategic diversion

well as the Green Mountain Boys under Seth Warner, with provisions supplied by New York. However, Schuyler was overcautious, and by mid-August the colonists were receiving reports that General Carleton was fortifying defensive positions outside Montreal, and that some Native tribes had joined with the British. On August 25, while Schuyler was at the Indian conference, Montgomery received word that ships under construction at Fort St. Johns were nearing completion. Montgomery, taking advantage of Schuyler's absence (and in the absence of orders authorizing movement), led 1,200 troops that had mustered at Ticonderoga up to a forward position at Île aux

enlistments after the fall of Montreal. He then used some of the captured boats to move towards Quebec City with about 300 troops on November 28, leaving about 200 in Montreal under the command of General David Wooster. Along the way, he picked up James Livingston's newly created 1st Canadian Regiment of about 200 men. Benedict Arnold, who had been rejected for leadership of the Champlain Valley expedition, returned to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and approached George Washington with the idea of a supporting eastern invasion force aimed at Quebec City. Washington approved the idea, and gave Arnold 1,100 men, including Daniel

support. (In a more formal snub of the British, the war belt that Guy Johnson gave to the Iroquois in July was turned over to the American Indian commissioners in December 1775.) Following this first skirmish, General Schuyler became too ill to continue, so he turned command over to Montgomery. Schuyler left for Fort Ticonderoga several days later. After another false start, and the arrival of another 800–1000 men from Connecticut, New Hampshire, and New York, as well as some of the Green Mountain Boys, Montgomery finally began besieging Fort St. Johns on September 17, cutting off its communications with

taxes, or even barred from executing wills or becoming guardians to orphans. Congress enabled states to confiscate Loyalist property to fund the war. Some Quakers who remained neutral had their property confiscated. States later prevented Loyalists from collecting any debts that they were owed. After regrouping at Halifax, William Howe determined to take the fight to the Americans. He set sail in June 1776 and began landing troops on Staten Island near the entrance to New York Harbor on July 2. Due to poor military intelligence, Washington split his army to positions on Manhattan Island and across the East River

promised to stay only until April 15, and most of these were insistent on returning home. This was compounded by relatively low enrollments in regiments actually raised for service in Quebec. One regiment with an authorized strength of 750, sailed north with but 75 men. These deficiencies prompted Congress to order Washington to send more troops north. In late April, Washington ordered ten regiments, led by Generals William Thompson and John Sullivan, to go north from New York. This significantly reduced Washington's forces that were preparing for a British attack there. This also exposed transport problems: there were insufficient sailing

"Corinthian order"
Corinthian order The Corinthian order is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order which was the earliest, followed by the Ionic order. When classical architecture was revived during the Renaissance, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order. The Corinthian, with its offshoot the Composite, is the most ornate of the orders. This architectural style is characterized by slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. There are many variations. The name ""Corinthian"" is

"Ionic order"
Ionic order The Ionic order forms one of the three classical orders of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian. There are two lesser orders: the Tuscan (a plainer Doric), and the rich variant of Corinthian called the composite order, both added by 16th-century Italian architectural writers, based on Roman practice. Of the three canonic orders, the Ionic order has the narrowest columns. The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes. The Ionic columns normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform; the

edifices antiques de Rome"" (Paris 1682). Ionic order The Ionic order forms one of the three classical orders of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian. There are two lesser orders: the Tuscan (a plainer Doric), and the rich variant of Corinthian called the composite order, both added by 16th-century Italian architectural writers, based on Roman practice. Of the three canonic orders, the Ionic order has the narrowest columns. The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes. The Ionic columns normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column

cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart. Since Vitruvius, a female character has been ascribed to the Ionic (in contrast to the masculine Doric). The major features of the Ionic order are the volutes of its capital, which have been the subject of much theoretical and practical discourse, based on a brief and obscure passage in Vitruvius. The only tools required to design these features were a straight-edge, a right angle, string (to establish half-lengths) and a compass. Below the volutes, the Ionic column may have a wide collar or banding separating the capital from the fluted shaft (as in, for

a rosette at the center of each side. Corinthian columns were erected on the top level of the Roman Colosseum, holding up the least weight, and also having the slenderest ratio of thickness to height. Their height to width ratio is about 10:1. One variant is the Tivoli Order, found at the Temple of Vesta, Tivoli. The Tivoli Order's Corintinan Capital has two rows of Acanthus (ornament) and its abacus is decorated with oversize fleuron (architectural) in the form of hibiscus flowers with pronounced spiral pistils. The column flutes have flat tops. The frieze exhibits fruit swag (motif) suspended between

"Doric order"
Doric order The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns. Originating in the western Dorian region of Greece, it is the earliest and in its essence the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in the entablature above. The Greek Doric column was fluted or smooth-surfaced, and had no base, dropping straight into the stylobate or platform on which the temple or other

principles of ""symmetria"""" are noted by Mark Wilson Jones, who finds that the ratio of total column height to column-shaft height is in a 6:5 ratio, so that, secondarily, the full height of column with capital is often a multiple of 6 Roman feet while the column height itself is a multiple of 5. In its proportions, the Corinthian column is similar to the Ionic column, though it is more slender, and stands apart by its distinctive carved capital. The abacus upon the capital has concave sides to conform to the outscrolling corners of the capital, and it may have

perhaps reduced in size and importance, scrolling out above the two ranks of stylized acanthus leaves and stalks (""cauliculi"" or ""caulicoles""), eight in all, and to notice that smaller volutes scroll inwards to meet each other on each side. The leaves may be quite stiff, schematic and dry, or they may be extravagantly drilled and undercut, naturalistic and spiky. In Late Antique and Byzantine practice, the leaves may be blown sideways, as if by the wind of Faith. Unlike the Doric and Ionic column capitals, a Corinthian capital has no neck beneath it, just a ring-like astragal molding or a

colonettes within the same system. During the 16th century, a sequence of engravings of the orders in architectural treatises helped standardize their details within rigid limits. Sebastiano Serlio; the ""Regola delli cinque ordini"" of Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1507–1573); the ""Quattro libri di Architettura"" of Andrea Palladio, and Vincenzo Scamozzi's ""Idea della Architettura Universale,"" were followed in the 17th century by French treatises with further refined engraved models, such as Perrault's. Corinthian order The Corinthian order is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order which

three orders are used one above the other, it is usual for the Doric to be at the bottom, with the Ionic and then the Corinthian above, and the Doric, as ""strongest"", is often used on the ground floor below another order in the storey above. In their original Greek version, Doric columns stood directly on the flat pavement (the ""stylobate"") of a temple without a base. With a height only four to eight times their diameter, the columns were the most squat of all the classical orders; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they

consist of the sum of the fixed and variable costs for any given level of production

"Total cost"
Total cost In economics and cost accounting, total cost (TC) describes the total economic cost of production and is made up of variable costs, which vary according to the quantity of a good produced and include inputs such as labour and raw materials, plus fixed costs, which are independent of the quantity of a good produced and include inputs (capital) that cannot be varied in the short term, such as buildings and machinery. Total cost in economics includes the total opportunity cost of each factor of production as part of its fixed or variable costs. The rate at which total

very useful. Total cost In economics and cost accounting, total cost (TC) describes the total economic cost of production and is made up of variable costs, which vary according to the quantity of a good produced and include inputs such as labour and raw materials, plus fixed costs, which are independent of the quantity of a good produced and include inputs (capital) that cannot be varied in the short term, such as buildings and machinery. Total cost in economics includes the total opportunity cost of each factor of production as part of its fixed or variable costs. The rate at

cost changes as the amount produced changes is called marginal cost. This is also known as the marginal unit variable cost. If one assumes that the unit variable cost is constant, as in cost-volume-profit analysis developed and used in cost accounting by the accountants, then total cost is linear in volume, and given by: total cost = fixed costs + unit variable cost * amount. The total cost of producing a specific level of output is the cost of all the factors of input used. Conventionally, economists use models with two inputs: capital, K; and labor, L. Capital is assumed

"Variable cost"
Variable cost Variable costs are costs that change in proportion to the good or service that a business produces. Variable costs are also the sum of marginal costs over all units produced. They can also be considered normal costs. Fixed costs and variable costs make up the two components of total cost. Direct costs, however, are costs that can easily be associated with a particular cost object. However, not all variable costs are direct costs. For example, variable manufacturing overhead costs are variable costs that are indirect costs, not direct costs. Variable costs are sometimes called unit-level costs as they

"Average variable cost"
output would add losses (additional costs in excess of revenues) to the costs inevitably being incurred (the fixed costs). By not producing, the firm loses only the fixed costs. Average variable cost In economics, average variable cost (AVC) is a firm's variable costs (labour, electricity, etc.) divided by the quantity of output produced. Variable costs are those costs which vary with the output. where formula_2 = variable cost, formula_3 = average variable cost, and formula_4 = quantity of output produced. Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost: A firm would choose to shut down if marginal

"Prices of production"
Prices of production Prices of production (or ""production prices""; in German ""Produktionspreise"") is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, defined as ""cost-price + average profit"". A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services would have to be sold by the producers, in order to reach a normal, average ""profit rate"" on the ""capital"" invested to produce the products (not the same as the profit on the turnover). The importance of these price levels is, that a lot

"Fixed cost"
of goods sold, and variable costs are those captured in costs of goods sold under the variable costing method. Under full (absorption) costing fixed costs will be included in both the cost of goods sold and in the operating expenses. The implicit assumption required to make the equivalence between the accounting and economics terminology is that the accounting period is equal to the period in which fixed costs do not vary in relation to production. In practice, this equivalence does not always hold, and depending on the period under consideration by management, some overhead expenses (e.g., sales, general and administrative

similar concepts in other economic theories. For most economists, the concept of production prices corresponds roughly to Adam Smith's concept of ""natural prices"" and the modern neoclassical concept of long-term competitive equilibrium prices under constant returns to scale. Nevertheless, the function of prices of production within Marx's theory differs from ""both"" classical political economy ""and"" neoclassical economics. A production price for outputs in Marx's sense always has two main components: the ""cost-price"" of producing the outputs (including the costs of materials, equipment, operating expenses, and labour) and a ""gross profit margin"" (the additional value realized in excess of the cost-price,

"Average cost"
Average cost In economics, average cost and/or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of goods produced (the output quantity, Q). It is also equal to the sum of average variable costs (total variable costs divided by Q) plus average fixed costs (total fixed costs divided by Q). Average costs may be dependent on the time period considered (increasing production may be expensive or impossible in the short term, for example). Average costs affect the supply curve and are a fundamental component of supply and demand. Average cost is distinct from the price, and depends

"Factors of production"
Factors of production In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services. The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function. There are three ""basic"" resources or factors of production: land, labor, and capital. The factors are also frequently labeled ""producer goods or services"" to distinguish them from the goods or services purchased by consumers, which are frequently labeled ""consumer goods"". There are two types of factors: ""primary"" and ""secondary"". The previously mentioned primary

"Fujiwara no Morosuke"
but Emperor Murakami sent a messenger to dissuade him. Even so, his sickness worsened, and on May 29 he cut off his hair, only to die two days later on May 31, 960, at the age of 53. Morosuke never held the position of sekkan in his life, but the successive reigns of his grandchildren Emperor Reizei and Emperor En'yū after Murakami's death put his family in an outstanding position as the emperor's maternal relatives. His eldest son Koretada briefly held power as sekkan, and his other sons Kanemichi, Kaneie, Tamemitsu, and Kinsue also all attained the position of ""daijō-daijin"".

"Sasaki Kojirō"
of accounts of the duel, varying in most details except the essentials, such as Sasaki's defeat. The age of Sasaki is especially uncertain – the ""Nitenki"" says that during his childhood, he The ""Nitenki""s account initially seems trustworthy, until it goes on to give the age of Sasaki at the time of the duel as 18 years old; it is known that two years earlier he had been a head weapons master for a fief – but then that would imply he had reached such a position at the age of 16, which is extremely improbable. A further complication is

"Sasaki clan"
(adoptive) uncles, brothers, nephews, cousins and clansmen. After his brother Minamoto no Yoshitomo was killed (1160), and the defeat of the Seiwa Genji, he went North to ask Fujiwara no Hidehira of Mutsu province to give him shelter, but stopped at Shibuya (Sagami province) and remained at that place for 20 years. When his nephew Minamoto no Yoritomo rose in revolt against the Taira, he with his four sons sided with him (1180). He was killed during the Genpei war (1180-1185) at the battle of Ōhara (1184) in Ōmi province fighting against the Taira clan. His descendants received from their

"Abe Masanori"
Abe clan, which had been administering Oshi for 114 years, was forced to relocate to Shirakawa. In the midst of this move, Masanori died. Since he died, without having ever been formally received in audience by the Shōgun, he was never awarded a formal court rank or courtesy title. The succession passed to his cousin Abe Masaatsu. Abe Masanori Masanori was born as the second son of Abe Masayoshi, ""daimyō"" of Oshi Domain. His childhood name was Kanemaru (銕 丸). When he was three years old, his father died and Masanori became heir and chieftain of his branch of the

"Tokugawa Ieyasu"
Sumpu. At Sumpu, he remained a hostage, but was treated fairly well as a potentially useful future ally of the Imagawa clan until 1556 when he was 15 years old. In 1556 Ieyasu officially came of age, with Imagawa Yoshimoto presiding over his ""genpuku"" ceremony. Following tradition, he changed his name from Matsudaira Takechiyo to Matsudaira Jirōsaburō Motonobu (). He was also briefly allowed to visit Okazaki to pay his respects to the tomb of his father, and receive the homage of his nominal retainers, led by the ""karō"" Torii Tadayoshi. One year later, at the age of 13 (according

"Yoshida Shōin"
succession was protected, this required the head of the house in the Yoshida line and most generations the Tamaki line to remain unmarried. Daisuke, already in ill health, died one year later at the age of 28, leaving Yoshida Shoin as the heir of the Yoshida lineage at five years of age. His house was also the instructor to the ""daimyō"" in military studies. Due to Shōins young age, four men were appointed to represent the Yoshida house as instructors. Shōin's younger uncle, Tamaki, set about accelerating Shōin's education to prepare the boy for his eventual duties as Yamaga instructor.

"Ichinoya Mitsuru"
Ichinoya Mitsuru Ichinoya Mitsuru (born 28 December 1960 as Tetsuhiro Matsuda) is a former sumo wrestler from Tokunoshima, Ōshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. His highest rank was ""sandanme"" 6. At 46 years of age, Ichinoya was the oldest man in professional sumo since the start of the Shōwa era in 1926. When he began his sumo career in November 1983 his stablemate, former ""yokozuna"" Asashōryū was just three years old. He was the oldest wrestler in sumo for 62 tournaments, from the retirement of Dairyū in July 1997 until his own retirement in November 2007. Ichinoya was interested in sumo from

"Fujiwara no Kiyohira"
but the name Kiyohara until 1117, when he was more than 60 years old. But he did use it and passed it on to his children. Kiyohira had several wives and consorts including a Taira wife from Kyoto who was called the mother of his six children. She seems to have tired quickly of life on the remote frontier, returned to Kyoto, married a policeman and never returned. He is also known to have had two Emishi wives, a Kiyohara and an Abe. His eldest son and rightful heir was Koretsune. His second son and eventual successor was Motohira, born

Sasaki clan They are descended directly from Emperor Uda (868-897) by his grandson Minamoto no Masazane (920-993) (Uda Genji), but were adopted by the Seiwa Genji. Minamoto no Nariyori, great-grandson of Masazane, is the first who took the name of Sasaki from his domain in Ōmi province (now Shiga). Hideyoshi (1112–1184), descendant of Minamoto no Nariyori, lost his parents young and became an orphan. He was adopted by Minamoto no Tameyoshi (then head of the Seiwa Genji). He participated to the Hōgen war (1156) in which his father Minamoto no Tameyoshi was killed, and the Heiji war (1159) with his

"Sakakibara clan"
age 10 without ever having been formally received by the Shōgun. This placed the clan in a crisis, as this would now allow the clan to maintain the succession through a posthumous adoption. Therefor,e it was decided to keep Mazazumi's death a secret and replace him with his younger brother, who was later named Sakakibara Masanaga. During the Boshin War, after some uncertainty, the clan sided with the imperial armies and the clan fought against the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei and in the Aizu War. Following the Meiji restoration, the final daimyō of Takeda Domain (and the 16th hereditary chieftain of

"Religion in early Virginia"
private practice of other religious traditions. After the start of the Columbian Exchange in 1492, subsequent waves of European colonization of the Americas coincided with the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation. With the English Reformation beginning in the 1530s, England broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the Church of England as its official religion (a status that was at dispute until the end of the 17th century). In turn, within England numerous groups of Protestants (collectively, the English Dissenters) broke from the Church of England for theological and liturgical reasons. The increasing hostility and disputes (often bloody) in Europe

Religion in early Virginia The history of religion in early Virginia begins with the founding of the Virginia Colony, in particular the commencing of Anglican services at Jamestown in 1607. In 1619, the Church of England was made the established church throughout the Colony of Virginia, becoming a dominant religious, cultural, and political force. Throughout the 18th century its power was increasingly challenged by Protestant dissenters and religious movements. Following the American Revolution and political independence from Britain, in 1786 the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom disestablished the Church of England, ending public support and fully legalizing the public and

"Colony of Virginia"
were seasoned) to the colonies of Virginia and Carolina. In 1619, the Anglican Church was formally established as the official religion in the colony, and would remain so until shortly after the American Revolution. Establishment meant that local tax funds paid the parish costs, and that the parish had local civic functions such as poor relief. The upper class planters controlled the vestry, which ran the parish and chose the minister. The church in Virginia was controlled by the Bishop of London, who sent priests and missionaries, but there were never enough, and they reported very low standards of personal

in the colony in 1619. In practice, establishment meant that local taxes were funneled through the local parish to handle the needs of local government, such as roads and poor relief, in addition to the salary of the minister. As in England, the ""parish"" became a unit of local importance, equal in power and practical aspects to other entities, such as the courts and even the House of Burgesses and the Governor's Council (the two houses of the Virginia General Assembly). A typical parish contained three or four churches, as the parish churches needed to be close enough for people

American Revolution, the Anglican Patriots realized that they needed dissenter support for effective wartime mobilization, so they met most of the dissenters' demands in return for their support of the war effort. During the war, 24 (20%) of the 124 Anglican ministers were active Loyalists. They generally went into exile, and Britain paid some of their financial losses. After the American victory in the war, the Anglican establishment sought to reintroduce state support for religion. This effort failed when non-Anglicans gave their support to Thomas Jefferson's ""Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom"", which eventually became law in 1786. With freedom of

the government, and hence, a form of control. One of the earliest of these missionaries was Reverend Alexander Whitaker, who served from 1611 until his death in 1616. Efforts in the early 17th century to establish a school for the Virginia Indians at Henricus were abandoned following the Indian Massacre of 1622, and would not come about for another century. Apart from the Nansemond tribe, which had converted in 1638, and a few isolated individuals over the years, the other Powhatan tribes as a whole did not fully convert to Christianity until 1791. The Church of England was legally established

standards of masculinity which revolved around gambling, drinking, and brawling, and arbitrary control over women, children, and slaves. The religious communities enforced new standards, creating a new male leadership role that followed Christian principles and became dominant in the 19th century. The Presbyterians were evangelical dissenters, mostly Scotch-Irish Americans who expanded in Virginia between 1740 and 1758, immediately before the Baptists. The Church of Scotland had first adopted presbyterian ideas in the 1560s, which brought it into continuing conflict with the Church of England following the Union of Crowns. Where Presbyterians dominated the parish and county, they could exercise power

"History of Virginia"
which had converted in 1638. The other Powhatan tribes converted to Christianity around 1791. The stress on personal piety opened the way for the First Great Awakening in the mid 18th century, which pulled people away from the formal rituals of the established church. Especially in the back country, most families had no religious affiliation whatsoever and their low moral standards were shocking to proper Englishmen The Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and other evangelicals directly challenged these lax moral standards and refused to tolerate them in their ranks. Baptists, German Lutherans and Presbyterians, funded their own ministers, and favored disestablishment of

Beth Shalome. Construction on the Church of Saint Mary in Alexandria was begun in 1795, becoming the first Catholic church in Virginia since the failed Jesuit Mission in the 16th century. The principle of disestablishment would subsequently be included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in December 1791. Religion in early Virginia The history of religion in early Virginia begins with the founding of the Virginia Colony, in particular the commencing of Anglican services at Jamestown in 1607. In 1619, the Church of England was made the established church throughout the Colony of Virginia, becoming a

the Anglican church. The spellbinding preacher Samuel Davies led the Presbyterians, and converted hundreds of slaves. By the 1760s Baptists were drawing Virginians, especially poor white farmers, into a new, much more democratic religion. Slaves were welcome at the services and many became Baptists at this time. Methodist missionaries were also active in the late colonial period. Methodists encouraged an end to slavery, and welcomed free blacks and slaves into active roles in the congregations. The Baptists and Presbyterians were subject to many legal constraints and faced growing persecution; between 1768 and 1774, about half of the Baptists ministers in

"How Do You Do It?"
How Do You Do It? ""How Do You Do It?"" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not

"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song)"
How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) ""How Do You Do"" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in that

year. How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) ""How Do You Do"" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in

fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. They recorded the song in September, 1962; although Murray disliked their changes, the decision not to release the Beatles' version was primarily a business one. ""Love Me Do"" was their first single instead. The recording was officially released in November 1995 on the Beatles retrospective ""Anthology 1"" album. Gerry and the Pacemakers' version, also produced by Martin, became a number-one hit in the UK until it

was replaced by ""From Me to You"" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a seven-inch EP record also featuring ""Away From You"", ""I Like It"" and ""It's Happened to Me"" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963). The single entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine. How Do You Do It? ""How Do You Do It?"" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch

"Gerry and the Pacemakers"
the chocolate Mars Bar, complained. The band was the second to sign with Brian Epstein, who later signed them to Columbia Records (a sister label to the Beatles' label Parlophone under EMI). They began recording in early 1963 with ""How Do You Do It?"", a song written by Mitch Murray. The song was produced by George Martin and became a number one hit in the UK, the first by an Epstein-managed Liverpool group to achieve this on all charts. Gerry and the Pacemakers' next two singles, Murray's ""I Like It"" and Rodgers and Hammerstein's ""You'll Never Walk Alone"", both also

"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)"
Some reissues of the album also include the ""Just Do It"" section as a separate trac. 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) is a song written by jazz musicians Melvin ""Sy"" Oliver and James ""Trummy"" Young. It was first recorded in 1939 by Jimmie Lunceford, Harry James, and Ella Fitzgerald, and again the same year by Nat Gonella and His Georgians. The ""shim sham"" is often danced to the Lunceford recording of this song. The jazz tune was transformed into a pop song with

"How We Do (song)"
How We Do (song) ""How We Do"" is a song by American rapper and West Coast hip hop artist The Game, featuring rapper 50 Cent from his debut album, ""The Documentary"". Produced by Dr. Dre, Mike Elizondo, it was released as the album's second official single in late 2004. ""How We Do"" achieved commercial success worldwide. The track peaked within the top 10 in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and New Zealand. The single was commercially successful in the United States, peaking at #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and remaining on the chart for

Gerry and the Pacemakers Gerry and the Pacemakers is an English beat group prominent in the 1960s Merseybeat scene. In common with the Beatles, they came from Liverpool, were managed by Brian Epstein, and were recorded by George Martin. They are most remembered for being the first act to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart with their first three single releases: ""How Do You Do It?"", ""I Like It"" and ""You'll Never Walk Alone"". This record was not equalled for 20 years, until the mid-1980s success of fellow Liverpool band Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Another of their most

"How We Do (Party)"
It was written by Victor Alexander, Kelly Sheehan and Bonnie McKee, and produced by The Runners and The Monarch. It was initially planned to be titled ""Party and Bullshit"" after the 1993 Notorious B.I.G. single from which this song borrows its refrain, but was later changed to ""How We Do (Party)"" in order to appeal to American radio programmers; additionally a radio edit changes the refrain to ""Party and Party"" for some versions of the song. Another radio edit that is commonly played changes the refrain to ""Party and bull..."" Ora described the song by saying it covers the feeling

who devised the fingerprint classification still used today in europe and the us

Fingerprint
committee report that fingerprints should be used for the classification of criminal records. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau were Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose were Indian fingerprint experts who have been credited with the primary development of a fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry. The Henry Classification System, co-devised by Haque and Bose, was accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the

"Henry Classification System"
until the mid-19th century. In roughly 1859, Sir William James Herschel discovered that fingerprints remain stable over time and are unique across individuals; as Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India, in 1877 he was the first to institute the use of fingerprints and handprints as a means of identification, signing legal documents, and authenticating transactions. The fingerprint records collected at this time were used for one-to-one verification only; as a means in which records would be logically filed and searched had not yet been invented. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds wrote to Charles Darwin, explaining a system

for classifying fingerprints, asking for his assistance in their development. Darwin was unable to assist Dr. Faulds, but agreed to forward the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Galton. Dr. Henry Faulds and Sir Francis Galton did not engage in much correspondence, but in the following decade, they devised very similar fingerprint classification systems. It is unclear whom to credit for the classification system. However, we do know that Dr. Henry Faulds was the first European to publish the notion of scientific use of fingerprints in the identification of criminals. In 1892, Sir Francis Galton published his highly influential book,

Henry Classification System The Henry Classification System is a long-standing method by which fingerprints are sorted by physiological characteristics for one-to-many searching. Developed by Hem Chandra Bose, Azizul Haque and Sir Edward Henry in the late 19th century for criminal investigations in British India, it was the basis of modern-day AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) classification methods up until the 1990s. In recent years, the Henry Classification System has generally been replaced by ridge flow classification approaches. Although fingerprint characteristics were studied as far back as the mid-1600s, the use of fingerprints as a means of identification did not occur

""Finger Prints"" in which he described his classification system that include three main fingerprint patterns - loops, whorls and arches. At the time, the alternative to fingerprints was Bertillonage, also known as Anthropometry. Developed by Alphonse Bertillon in 1879, Bertillonage consists of a meticulous method of measuring body parts for the use of identifying criminals. In 1892, the British Indian police force adopted Anthropometry. Two years later, Sir Edward Henry, Inspector General of the Bengal Police in India became interested in the use of fingerprints for the use of criminal identification. Influenced by Galton's ""Finger Prints"", the men corresponded regularly

in forensic science in his book ""Finger Prints"". He had calculated that the chance of a ""false positive"" (two different individuals having the same fingerprints) was about 1 in 64 billion. Juan Vucetich, an Argentine chief police officer, created the first method of recording the fingerprints of individuals on file, associating these fingerprints to the anthropometric system of Alphonse Bertillon, who had created, in 1879, a system to identify individuals by anthropometric photographs and associated quantitative descriptions. In 1892, after studying Galton's pattern types, Vucetich set up the world's first fingerprint bureau. In that same year, Francisca Rojas of Necochea,

He also established their first classification and was also the first to identify fingerprints left on a vial. Returning to the UK in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London but it was dismissed at that time. Faulds wrote to Charles Darwin with a description of his method but, too old and ill to work on it, Darwin gave the information to his cousin, Francis Galton, who was interested in anthropology. Having been thus inspired to study fingerprints for ten years, Galton published a detailed statistical model of fingerprint analysis and identification and encouraged its use

Lord William Russell, a provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to Scotland Yard suggesting checking for fingerprints but the suggestion, though followed up, did not lead to their routine use by the police for another 50 years. Some years later, the German anatomist Georg von Meissner (1829–1905) studied friction ridges, and five years after this, in 1858, Sir William James Herschel initiated fingerprinting in India. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Calcutta) he instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures and he registered government pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money

United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by 1906, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a finger print advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Scheffer case of 1902 is the first case of the identification, arrest and conviction of a murderer based upon fingerprint evidence. Alphonse Bertillon identified the thief and murderer Scheffer, who had previously been arrested and his fingerprints filed some months before, from the fingerprints found on a

by relatives after a pensioner's death. Herschel also fingerprinted prisoners upon sentencing to prevent various frauds that were attempted in order to avoid serving a prison sentence. In 1863, Paul-Jean Coulier (1824–1890), professor for chemistry and hygiene at the medical and pharmaceutical school of the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris, discovered that iodine fumes can reveal fingerprints on paper. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon in a Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal ""Nature"", discussing the usefulness of fingerprints for identification and proposing a method to record them with printing ink.

the first vice president of india who become the president letter was

"B. D. Jatti"
B. D. Jatti Basappa Danappa Jatti (10 September 1913 – 7 June 2002) was the fifth Vice President of India, serving from 1974 to 1979. He was Acting President of India from 11 February to 25 July 1977. The soft-spoken Jatti rose from a humble beginning as a Municipality member to India's second-highest office during a five-decade-long chequered political career. Jatti was born in a Kannadiga Lingayat family at Savalgi in Jamkhandi Taluk of Bagalkot district on 10 September 1913. His father was a humble grocer. He braved family difficulties and completed his education. After completing his graduation in Law

selfless service and stood for value-based politics. He was once called an ordinary man with extraordinary thought, and he named his autobiography, ""I'm My Own Model"". His centenary celebrations were held in 2012. B. D. Jatti Basappa Danappa Jatti (10 September 1913 – 7 June 2002) was the fifth Vice President of India, serving from 1974 to 1979. He was Acting President of India from 11 February to 25 July 1977. The soft-spoken Jatti rose from a humble beginning as a Municipality member to India's second-highest office during a five-decade-long chequered political career. Jatti was born in a Kannadiga Lingayat

"Gopal Swarup Pathak"
Gopal Swarup Pathak Gopal Swarup Pathak (24 February 1896 – 4 October 1982) was the fourth Vice President of India from August 1969 to August 1974. He was the first Indian Vice President not to succeed his superior as President, something all three of his predecessor did. Born on 26 February 1896 at Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh, he studied law at Allahabad University . He was the judge in Allahabad High Court 1945-46, member of Rajya Sabha 1960-66, Union Minister of Law 1966-67, Governor of Mysore state 1967-69 and Chancellor of Mysore University, Bangalore University and Karnataka University. Honored with

"Vallabhbhai Patel"
inaugurated by India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 October 2018, the 143rd anniversary of Patel's birth. Vallabhbhai Patel Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called ""Sardar"",

Vallabhbhai Patel Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called ""Sardar"", meaning ""chief"" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as ""de facto"" Commander-in-chief of the Indian army

date. It was declared first in 1962 by President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, during the Sino-Indian War. This emergency lasted through the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and up to 1968. It was revoked in 1968. The second emergency in India was proclaimed in 1971 by President V. V. Giri on the eve of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and War. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in progress, another internal emergency was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, with Indira Gandhi as prime minister in 1975.

"Vice President of India"
the names of all eligible candidates are added to the ballot. The election is proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote by secret ballot. Voters stack-rank the candidates, assigning 1 to their first preference, 2 to their second preference, and so on. The number of votes required by a candidate to secure the election is calculated by dividing the total number of votes by two, and adding one to the quotient by disregarding any remainder. If no candidate obtains the required number of first-preference votes, the candidate with the least number of first-preference votes is eliminated and his/her

"Zakir Husain (politician)"
Vice President of India from 1962 to 1967, Husain was elected President of India on 13 May 1967. In his inaugural speech, he said that the whole of India was his home and all its people were his family. During his last days, the issue of nationalization of banks was being hotly debated. The bill, in the end, received presidential consent from Mohammad Hidayatullah, (acting president) on 9 August 1969. During his presidential tenure, Zakir Husain led four state visits to Hungary, Yugoslavia, USSR and Nepal. Husain died on 3 May 1969, the first Indian President to die in office.

"Krishan Kant"
Krishan Kant Krishan Kant (28 February 1926 – 27 July 2002) was the tenth Vice President of India from 1997 until his death. Previously, he was Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 1990 to 1997. Kant was born on 28 February 1926 in a village in the Punjab Province of British India. His parents were independence activists Lala Achint Ram and Satyavati Devi. Kant completed his MSc (Technology) from erstwhile Banaras Engineering College, Banaras Hindu University (currently known as Indian Institute of Technology, BHU). Son of noted Congress politician and later parliamentarian, Lala Achint Ram, Kant's first brush with politics came

would refer the case to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha for deciding it. Article 66 of the Indian Constitution states the manner of election of the Vice-President. The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of Proportional Representation by means of the Single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by election commission. Venkaiah Naidu is the Vice President of India. He defeated UPA's candidate Gopalkrishna Gandhi on 5 August 2017 election. As in the case of the President,

who led the soldiers in ending the raid on the harper's ferry arsenal

"John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry"
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in

of the events are particularly clear with regard to the Heyward Shepherd monument. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally

"Battle of Red Bank"
troops killed with 24 wounded, with some damage done to some of their warships and land batteries. Howe then sent Lord Cornwallis with 2,000 men to attack Fort Mercer, landing them by ferry at Billingsport, to the south. Rather than let the garrison be captured in an overwhelming British assault, Colonel Christopher Greene decided to abandon the fort on November 20, leaving the British to occupy it the following day. George Washington's scheme of starving the British out of Philadelphia had failed with the loss of the two forts. His only hope now was to lure the British out of

"Siege of Fort Mackinac"
being ""debilitated and worn down by unconquerable drunkenness""), 150 Canadian or ""métis"" (part-Indian) fur traders and voyageurs, 300 Ojibwa (Chippewa) or Ottawas who were at the island to trade skins. and 110 Sioux, Menominee and Winnebago who had been recruited from present-day Wisconsin by Indian agent Robert Dickson. As preparations for the expedition proceeded, Roberts received successive orders from Brock to cancel, and then to reinstate, the attack on Mackinac. Colonel Edward Baynes, the Adjutant General for all British forces in Canada, also sent orders for Roberts to concentrate on defending St. Joseph Island. However, on 15 July, Roberts received

Ferry. According to Lee's notes, Lee believed John Brown was a madman, ""... the plan [raiding the Harpers Ferry Arsenal] was the attempt of a fanatic or madman."" Lee also believed that the blacks in the raid were forced by Brown. ""The blacks, whom he [John Brown] forced from their homes in this neighborhood, as far as I could learn, gave him no voluntary assistance."" Lee attributed John Brown's ""temporary success"" by creating panic and confusion and by ""magnifying"" the number of participants involved in the raid. Colonel Lee and Jeb Stuart searched the surrounding country for fugitives who had

two dozen prisoners. Eight militiamen were wounded. Alburtis said that he could have ended the raid with help from other citizens. By 3:30 that afternoon, President James Buchanan ordered a company of U.S. Marines (the only government troops in the immediate area) to march on Harpers Ferry under the command of Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee, lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment. Lee had been on leave from his regiment, stationed in Texas, when he was hastily called to lead the detachment and had to command it while wearing his civilian clothes. Lee first offered the role of

"Battle of Harpers Ferry"
by President George Washington in 1799 and a bridge for the critical Baltimore and Ohio Railroad across the Potomac. In 1859 it was the site of the abolitionist John Brown's attack on the Federal arsenal. The town was virtually indefensible, dominated on all sides by higher ground. To the west, the ground rose gradually for about a mile and a half to Bolivar Heights, a plateau high, that stretches from the Potomac to the Shenandoah. To the south, across the Shenandoah, Loudoun Heights overlooks from . And to the northeast, across the Potomac, the southernmost extremity of Elk Ridge forms

he agreed to raise the white flag of surrender. But he would not be personally present at any ceremony. He was confronted by a captain of the 126th New York Infantry, who said, ""For ——'s sake, Colonel, don't surrender us. Don't you hear the signal guns? Our forces are near us. Let us cut our way out and join them."" But Miles replied, ""Impossible. They will blow us out of this place in half an hour."" As the captain turned away in disdain, a shell exploded, shattering Miles's left leg. So disgusted were the men of the garrison with Miles's

reserve midway up the slope.) His men destroyed their artillery pieces and crossed a pontoon bridge back to Harpers Ferry. Ford later insisted he had the authority from Miles to order the withdrawal, but a court of inquiry concluded that he had ""abandoned his position without sufficient cause,"" and recommended his dismissal from the Army. During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived—Walker to the base of Loudoun Heights at 10 a.m. and Jackson's three divisions (Brig. Gen. John R. Jones to the north, Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton in the center, and Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill

"Siege of Fort William Henry"
families as Munro would not let anyone leave with the exception of a messenger to Webb. On the afternoon after the massacre, most of the Indians left, heading back to their homes. Montcalm was able to secure the release of 500 captives they had taken, but they still took with them another 200. The French remained at the site for several days, destroying what remained of the British works before leaving on 18 August and returning to Fort Carillon. For unknown reasons, Montcalm decided not to follow up his victory with an attack on Fort Edward. Many reasons have been

Cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells. In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods. The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication. DNA replication occurs during the C period. The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter

"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
by the song's co-authors Gary Brooker, Keith Reid and Matthew Fisher – ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" reached number 1 in several countries when released in 1967. In the years since, it has become an enduring classic. It was the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK (as of 2009), and the United Kingdom performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited in 2004 recognised it as the most-played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years. Also in 2004, ""Rolling Stone"" placed ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" 57th on its list of the

A Whiter Shade of Pale ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum, released 12 May 1967. The single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the ""Billboard"" pop chart in the United States. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of the best selling singles in history, having sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. With its Bach-derived instrumental melody, soulful vocals, and unusual lyrics –

Shade of Pale"" at Olympic Sound Studios in London, England. The recording was produced by Denny Cordell. Because they did not have a regular drummer, the drums were played by Bill Eyden, a session musician. The track was completed in two takes, with no subsequent overdubbing. A few days after the session, the band re-recorded the song with their newly recruited drummer, Bobby Harrison, at Advision Studios. This version was discarded, and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release as the band's debut single. The B-side was ""Lime Street Blues"", another Brooker–Reid song, which the band recorded

in 2005, Jim Irvin of ""Mojo"" said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967, on the same day that the Beatles' ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"" topped the national albums chart, marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain. According to music historian Harvey Kubernik, in the context of the Summer of Love, ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" was the ""one song [that] stood above all others, its Everest-like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment"". Kubernik also writes

out that there were no time limits to copyright claims under English law. The right to future royalties was therefore returned to Fisher. Both the musicological basis of the judgment and its effect on the rights of musicians who contribute composition to future works have drawn some attention in the music world. ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" was covered by Annie Lennox for her 1995 album ""Medusa"". It was released as the second single in May 1995 and became a top-forty hit in Europe and Canada. A Whiter Shade of Pale ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" is the debut single

at Advision. Cordell was concerned that the sound of ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" might prove problematic on the radio, due to the prominence of the drummer's cymbals. He therefore sent an acetate copy to Radio London, and his worries were assuaged when the disco jockey played the disc on-air and announced: ""That sounds like a massive hit."" The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered ""Record Retailer""s chart (later the UK Singles Chart) on 25 May. In two weeks it reached number 1, where it stayed for six weeks. Writing

I was too young to have experienced any decadence, then. I might have been smoking when I conceived it, but not when I wrote. It was influenced by books, not drugs. Structurally and thematically, the song is unusual in many respects. While the recorded version is 4:03 long, it is composed of only two verses, each with chorus. The piece is also more instrument-driven than most songs of the period, and with a much looser rhyme scheme. Its unusually allusive and referential lyrics are much more complex than most lyrics of the time (for example, the chorus focuses on Chaucer's

reached number 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and sold over 1 million copies. It also peaked at number 22 on the soul charts there. The song was included on the US release of the ""Procol Harum"" album, in September 1967, but not on the subsequent UK version. In the Netherlands, the single entered the chart at number 1 in June 1967 and reached number 1 again in July 1972. A May 1972 re-release on Fly Records peaked at number 13 in the UK. ""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" has continued to receive critical acclaim. Along with Queen's ""Bohemian Rhapsody"",

Burns and Lynn Novick's documentary series ""The Vietnam War"". Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films, for example, by King Curtis in ""Withnail and I"" and by Annie Lennox in ""The Net"". The original writing credits were for Brooker and Reid only. On 30 July 2009, Matthew Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords. Keith Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party. He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman, ""You've turned a whiter shade of pale"", and the

""A Whiter Shade of Pale"" was jointly recognised as ""The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977"" at the BRIT Awards, part of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, it appeared at number 57 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of the ""500 Greatest Songs of All Time"". British TV station Channel 4 placed the song at number 19 in its chart of ""The 100 Greatest No. 1 Singles"". In 2018, the song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in a new category for singles. The first

"Governor-General of India"
on the advice of the newly-sovereign Indian Government. Governors-General served at the pleasure of the Sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. Governors-General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional Governor-General was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor-General of British India was Lord William Bentinck, and the first Governor-General of independent India was Louis, Lord Mountbatten. Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company, which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal Emperor. In

"Warren Hastings"
Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first ""de facto"" Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to a poor father, Penystone Hastings, and a mother, Hester Hastings, who died soon after he was born. Despite

Rebellion of 1857, the East India Company's territories in India were put under the direct control of the Sovereign. The Government of India Act 1858 vested the power to appoint the Governor-General in the Sovereign. The Governor-General, in turn, had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India, subject to the Sovereign's approval. India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947, but Governors-General continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written. Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma remained Governor-General of India for some time after independence, but the two nations were otherwise headed by native

"Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning"
Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), known as The Viscount Canning from 1837 to 1859, was an English statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion was crushed. Canning is credited for ensuing that the administration and most departments of the government functioned normally during the rebellion and took major administrative decisions even when peak of the Rebellion

"William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst"
William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst William Pitt Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, GCH, PC (14 January 1773 – 13 March 1857) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Governor-General of India between 1823 and 1828. Born at Bath, Somerset, Amherst was the son of William Amherst and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Paterson. He was the grand-nephew of Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, and succeeded to his title in 1797 according to a special remainder in the letters patent. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1816 he was sent as ambassador extraordinary to the court

Institute of Advanced Study. Governor-General of India The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of ""Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William"". The officer had direct control only over Fort William, but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British India was granted in 1833,

Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor-General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor-General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor-General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions. The Governor-General was always advised by a Council on the exercise of his legislative and executive powers. The Governor-General, while exercising many functions, was referred to as the ""Governor-General in Council."" The Regulating Act 1773

Governor-General of India The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of ""Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William"". The officer had direct control only over Fort William, but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British India was granted in 1833, and the official came

useful documentation in the effort to learn more about native communities and thereby better understand them. It was eventually published as an eight-volume work, ""The People of India"", between 1868 and 1875. Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), known as The Viscount Canning from 1837 to 1859, was an English statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion

to be known as the ""Governor-General of India"". In 1858, as a consequence of the Indian Mutiny the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British Crown; as a consequence the Company Raj was succeeded by the British Raj. The Governor-General (now also the Viceroy) headed the central government of India, which administered the provinces of British India, including the Punjab, Bengal, Bombay, Madras, the United Provinces, and others. However, much of India was not ruled directly by the British Government; outside the provinces of British India, there were

surface area in many kinds of organs is important because the amount of surface determines

"Surface area"
ratio is credited to Archimedes. Surface area is important in chemical kinetics. Increasing the surface area of a substance generally increases the rate of a chemical reaction. For example, iron in a fine powder will combust, while in solid blocks it is stable enough to use in structures. For different applications a minimal or maximal surface area may be desired. The surface area of an organism is important in several considerations, such as regulation of body temperature and digestion. Animals use their teeth to grind food down into smaller particles, increasing the surface area available for digestion. The epithelial tissue

"Surface-area-to-volume ratio"
exchange, bringing oxygen into the blood and releasing carbon dioxide from the blood. Similarly, the small intestine has a finely wrinkled internal surface, allowing the body to absorb nutrients efficiently. Cells can achieve a high surface area to volume ratio with an elaborately convoluted surface, like the microvilli lining the small intestine. Increased surface area can also lead to biological problems. More contact with the environment through the surface of a cell or an organ (relative to its volume) increases loss of water and dissolved substances. High surface area to volume ratios also present problems of temperature control in unfavorable

their biology, including their physiology and behavior. For example, many aquatic microorganisms have increased surface area to increase their drag in the water. This reduces their rate of sink and allows them to remain near the surface with less energy expenditure. An increased surface area to volume ratio also means increased exposure to the environment. The finely-branched appendages of filter feeders such as krill provide a large surface area to sift the water for food. Individual organs like the lung have numerous internal branchings that increase the surface area; in the case of the lung, the large surface supports gas

lining the digestive tract contains microvilli, greatly increasing the area available for absorption. Elephants have large ears, allowing them to regulate their own body temperature. In other instances, animals will need to minimize surface area; for example, people will fold their arms over their chest when cold to minimize heat loss. The surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of a cell imposes upper limits on size, as the volume increases much faster than does the surface area, thus limiting the rate at which substances diffuse from the interior across the cell membrane to interstitial spaces or to other cells. Indeed,

Surface area The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat polygonal faces), for which the surface area is the sum of the areas of its faces. Smooth surfaces, such as a sphere, are assigned surface area using their representation as parametric surfaces. This definition of surface area is based on methods

requires changing to a less compact shape. Materials with high surface area to volume ratio (e.g. very small diameter, very porous, or otherwise not compact) react at much faster rates than monolithic materials, because more surface is available to react. Examples include grain dust; while grain isn't typically flammable, grain dust is explosive. Finely ground salt dissolves much more quickly than coarse salt. High surface area to volume ratio provides a strong ""driving force"" to speed up thermodynamic processes that minimize free energy. The ratio between the surface area and volume of cells and organisms has an enormous impact on

"Body surface area"
Body surface area In physiology and medicine, the body surface area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body. For many clinical purposes BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass. Nevertheless, there have been several important critiques of the use of BSA in determining the dosage of medications with a narrow therapeutic index, such as chemotherapy. Typically there is a 4–10 fold variation in drug clearance between individuals due to differing the activity of drug elimination processes related to genetic and environmental factors.

Surface-area-to-volume ratio The surface-area-to-volume ratio, also called the surface-to-volume ratio and variously denoted sa/vol or SA:V, is the amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or collection of objects. In chemical reactions involving a solid material, the surface area to volume ratio is an important factor for the reactivity, that is, the rate at which the chemical reaction will proceed. For a given volume, the object with the smallest surface area (and therefore with the smallest SA:V) is the sphere, a consequence of the isoperimetric inequality in 3 dimensions. By contrast, objects with tiny spikes will have

"Surface energy"
things being equal; in practice, this is true only for a surface freshly prepared in vacuum. Surfaces often change their form away from the simple ""cleaved bond"" model just implied above. They are found to be highly dynamic regions, which readily rearrange or react, so that energy is often reduced by such processes as passivation or adsorption. Measuring the surface energy of a solid The surface energy of a liquid may be measured by stretching a liquid membrane (which increases the surface area and hence the surface energy). In that case, in order to increase the surface area of a

Area
Area Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept). The area of a shape

"Members of the 111th United States Congress"
Members of the 111th United States Congress The 111th United States Congress, in session from 2009 to 2010, consisted of 541 elected officials from 50 states, five territories, and the District of Columbia. It is the federal legislature of the United States of America, continuing an unbroken chain dating back to the 1st Congress in 1789. The Senate has 100 members; the House of Representatives has 435 members and six non-voting delegates. In the Senate, there were 17 women: Barbara Boxer (D-CA), Maria Cantwell (D-WA), Susan Collins (R-ME), Kay Hagan (D-NC), Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), Kay Bailey Hutchison

"United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary"
one of the oldest and most influential committees in Congress. Its broad legislative jurisdiction has assured its primary role as a forum for the public discussion of social and constitutional issues. The Committee is also responsible for oversight of key activities of the executive branch, and is responsible for the initial stages of the confirmation process of all judicial nominations for the federal judiciary. In January 2018, the Democratic minority had their number of seats increase from 9 to 10 upon the election of Doug Jones (D-AL), changing the 52–48 Republican majority to 51–49. On January 2, 2018, Al Franken,

"116th United States Congress"
Senate, the Republican Party increased its majority, giving the U.S. a split Congress. As of the beginning of the Congress in January 3, 2019, most members of this Congress are Christians. Of them, approximately half are Protestant. Other religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. 75 senators are men, and 25 are women, the highest number of female senators ever. For the first time in history, both senators from six states are women, including California, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Minnesota, and New Hampshire. Additionally, thirteen states are represented by one male and one female senator, while 31 states are represented by

3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority. Widespread public dissatisfaction with the institution increased over its second year. According to a Gallup Poll released in August 2014, the 113th Congress had the highest disapproval rating of any Congress since 1974, when data first started being collected: 83% of Americans surveyed said that they disapproved of the job Congress was doing, while only 13% said that they approved. As of 2018, this is the

of a playoff system in the NFL in 1932, there were four teams who completed seasons undefeated, but with one or more tied games: the 1920 Akron Pros, the 1922 Canton Bulldogs, the 1923 Canton Bulldogs, and the 1929 Green Bay Packers. According to the 2012 NFL Record & Fact Book, under NFL practices at the time, from 1920 to 1971 tie games were not included in winning percentage (there was also no overtime to settle ties in the regular season until 1974) so, these four teams were recorded with perfect win percentages of 1.000. The 1921 Buffalo All-Americans were

regular season in 1961, eleven teams have had regular seasons with one loss and no ties (or better) while failing to achieve a perfect season: Most of these teams suffered their regular-season loss early in the year and, other than the 2007 Patriots (finished regular season 16–0), only the 1962 Packers (10–0), 1985 Bears (12–0), 2011 Packers (13–0), and 2015 Panthers (14–0) were on track for a perfect season when they lost. Coincidentally, the 1985 Bears’ lone loss came to the Miami Dolphins. The best start from an NFL team who failed to complete a perfect regular season is shared

"Games behind"
eighth position is the last to qualify for the playoffs in each conference. National Football League (NFL) standings sometimes report games behind, although the statistic is not emphasized; winning percentage is used, computed from each team's win–loss–tie record. This is especially true since the introduction of the bye week in 1990, exacerbating differences in the number of games that teams have played at various points in time. Games behind is omitted from standings on the NFL's website and is absent from most published standings. The games behind statistic is eschewed in sports where tie games are traditionally common, such as

New Orleans Saints. The 2015 Panthers were not resting their starters at the time of their loss (at the time, the Arizona Cardinals were 13–2 and still had an opportunity to surpass the Panthers for the top seed in the NFC). Four other teams have started 13–0 before losing their fourteenth game: the 1998 Denver Broncos, 2005 Indianapolis Colts, 2009 New Orleans Saints and 2011 Green Bay Packers (Of those near-perfect seasons, the 2011 Packers are the only team that did not win a single playoff game). The 1998 Broncos, 2005 Colts and 2009 Saints lost at least two of

controversially denied a similar type of near-undefeated season, when they believed that their final game, a 10-7 loss to the Chicago Staleys, was an exhibition game which would not count in the final standings; the NFL records that game as official, and Buffalo's record as 9–1–2. Apart from the 1972 Dolphins, three NFL teams have completed undefeated and untied regular seasons: the 1934 Chicago Bears, the 1942 Chicago Bears, and the 2007 New England Patriots. In 1934, the Bears played a 13–0–0 regular season and became the first NFL team to complete an undefeated regular season without tied games, but

by two teams: the 2009 Indianapolis Colts, who started 14–0 before losing their final two regular season games to the New York Jets and the Buffalo Bills to finish 14–2, and the 2015 Carolina Panthers, who went 14–0 before losing to the Atlanta Falcons and going on to finish the regular season 15–1. The 2009 Colts, having clinched the top seed in the AFC, sacrificed their chances at a perfect regular season and instead rested their starters the final two games to protect them for the playoffs. The Colts would go on to Super Bowl XLIV but lost to the

Three-peat
three-peat include the Green Bay Packers (1968), Miami Dolphins (1974), Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: 1976, 1980), San Francisco 49ers (1990), Dallas Cowboys (1994), Denver Broncos (1999), and New England Patriots (2005). All of these teams failed to return to the title game in the third season (indicated in parentheses). The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls from 1990–1993 which is a feat unmatched in NFL history, however they lost in every appearance. In the early years of the NFL, decades before the introduction of either the term ""three-peat"" or the Super Bowl, the Packers won three consecutive NFL titles

"Canceled NFL games"
mathematically possible, since four of the six divisions at that time had an odd number of teams (the two games that were not intra-division were New York Jets at Kansas City Chiefs and Dallas Cowboys at Minnesota Vikings). The New York Giants at Philadelphia Eagles game originally scheduled for Week 7 on Monday was moved to Sunday, while the Dallas Cowboys at Minnesota Vikings game originally scheduled for Week 3 on Sunday was moved to Monday. In 1987, the players went on strike for a second time in-season, again following the second week of the campaign. However, unlike 1982, the

"Scrabble letter distributions"
a ""Y"" it is worth 10 points, if a blank is used as a ""Z"" it is worth 15 points, and if a blank is used as a ""K"" it is worth 20 points. Each of those letters are so high in points, because they are used only in borrowed words. The score of 20 for a ""K"" is the highest known point value for any letter in any Scrabble score distribution worldwide. ""Y"" is absent in all sets except the paleographic extension of the first set because it is rare in Latin. ""K"" and ""Z"" are also absent in

Scrabble
score of 69. Player 1 now has a 117-51 lead. The player with the highest final score wins the game. In case of a tie, the player with the highest score before adjusting for unplayed tiles wins the game. In tournament play, a tie counts as 1/2 a win for both players. Acceptable words are the primary entries in some chosen dictionary, and all of their inflected forms. Words that are hyphenated, capitalized (such as proper nouns), or apostrophized are not allowed, unless they also appear as acceptable entries; JACK is a proper noun, but the word ""JACK"" is acceptable

Scrabble
case of most verbs, convert them to the third person singular present tense, as in the word PLUMMETS); Alfred Butts included only four S tiles to avoid making the game ""too easy"". Q is considered the most troublesome letter, as almost all words with it also contain U; a similar problem occurs in other languages like French, Dutch, Italian and German. J is also difficult to play due to its low frequency and a scarcity of words having it at the end. C and V may be troublesome in the endgame, since no two-letter words with them exist, save for

to use these 104 tiles: The distribution was modified a bit (Dropping ""NG"" because it is too rare, but adding more ""A"", ""E"", and ""I"" tiles, and changing the number of tiles to 100) Scottish Gaelic-language sets use these 100 tiles: ""PH"" and ""SH"" being worth 1 is probably an error; these letters should be worth 10. ""H"" is absent because it is only used in the digraphs above. ""Á"", ""É"", and ""Ó"" are absent since they are rarely used in the Scottish Gaelic language. ""J"", ""K"", ""Q"", ""V"", ""W"", ""X"", ""Y"", and ""Z"" are absent since they are not

Scrabble
led to impressively high records, it is currently out of favor. Hypothetical scores in possible and legal but highly unlikely plays and games are far higher, primarily through the use of words that cover three triple-word-score squares. The highest reported score for a single play is 1780 (OSPD) and 1785 (SOWPODS) using oxyphenbutazone. When only adding the word sesquioxidizing to these official lists, one could theoretically score 2015 (OSPD) and 2044 (SOWPODS) points in a single move. The highest reported combined score for a theoretical game based on SOWPODS is 4046 points. Other records are available for viewing at ,

"81st Scripps National Spelling Bee"
month past his 8th birthday. The winner was Sameer Mishra, a 13-year-old eighth grader at West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School, in Indiana. He was sponsored by his hometown newspaper, the ""Journal & Courier"". His winning word was ""guerdon"". He won $35,000 in cash and more than $5,000 in prizes. In rounds 3 through 15, Mishra spelled ""demitasse"", ""quadrat"", ""diener"", ""hyssop"", ""macédoine"", ""basenji"", ""numnah"", ""chorion"", ""nacarat"", ""sinicize"", ""hyphaeresis"", ""taleggio"" and ""esclandre"" correctly, in that order. In second place, came Sidharth Chand, 13, misspelling prosopopoeia as prosopopoea. In third place came 13-year-old Tia Thomas, misspelling opificer as epificer. In a comical moment

point value of ""Ↄ"" is unknown, but it is believed to be 3. ""Ↄ"", which represents con, can only be played as the first tile of a word. ""Ꝝ"", which represents rum, and "";"", which represents is or us, can only be played as the last tile of a word. ""Ę"" (e caudata), also written as ""æ"", represents ae. ""Ē"" represents em or en. ""&"" represents et. ""Ī"" represents im or in. ""œ"" represents oe. ""Ꝑ"" represents per, ""P̄"" represents prae. ""Ꝓ"" represents pro. ""V̄"" represents vm or vn (as there was no U at the time). Note that ""W"",

Scrabble letter distributions Editions of the word board game Scrabble in different languages have differing letter distributions of the tiles, because the frequency of each letter of the alphabet is different for every language. As a general rule, the rarer the letter, the more points it is worth. Many languages use sets of 102 tiles, since the original distribution of one hundred tiles was later augmented with two blank tiles. In tournament play, while it is acceptable to pause the game to count the tiles remaining in the game, it is not acceptable to mention how many tiles are remaining

ɽ, ɺ, ʀ, ʁ, ʂ, tʼ, ʈ, ʉ, ʋ, ⱱ, x, χ, y, ʏ, ʎ, ʐ, ʑ, ʡ, ʕ, and ʢ, ǀ, ǁ, ǃ, ʘ, and ǂ are not used in American English. An extended version has 1 ʙ worth 14, 1 ʛ worth 12, 1 ħ worth 9, 1 kʼ worth 11, 1 ɮ worth 11, 1 ɲ worth 13, 1 ʉ worth 11, 1 ⱱ worth 11, 1 ǃ worth 16, and 1 ʘ worth 18. The IPA English and its extended version are made for educational purposes and are not official editions by the licensors of the

included as they are used for borrowed words, or in the case of ""7"", optionally at the beginning of a word. In the word game PinyinPal, a Pinyin version, these 100 tiles are used: The V is used to represent Ü. Polish-language editions of Scrabble use these 100 tiles. This set has been used since 2000. Before that year, a slightly different configuration was used: Ź was worth 7 points, F was worth 4 points, and there were 2 ""Fs"", and 8 ""As"". The letters ""Q"", ""V"" and ""X"" have always been absent (since they are used in foreign words),

"Small Steps (novel)"
Small Steps (novel) Small Steps is a 2006 novel for young adults by Louis Sachar, first published by Delacorte Books (Dell). It is a spinoff and the sequel to ""Holes"", although the main character of ""Holes"", Stanley Yelnats, is only briefly and indirectly mentioned. Two years after his release from Camp Green Lake, Theodore ""Armpit"" Johnson is living in Austin, Texas trying to build a stable lifestyle by digging deep holes and caring for his neighbor Ginny McDonald, a ten-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. While working at the mayor's home, he is approached by Rex ""X-Ray"" Washburn, one of his

"In His Steps"
weeks. ""In His Steps"" takes place in the railroad town of Raymond, probably located in the eastern U.S.A. (Chicago, IL and the coast of Maine are mentioned as being accessible by train), and Chicago Illinois. The main character is the Rev. Henry Maxwell, pastor of the First Church of Raymond, who challenges his congregation to not do anything for a whole year without first asking: “What Would Jesus Do?” Other characters include Ed Norman, senior editor of the Raymond Daily Newspaper, Rachel Winslow, a talented singer, and Virginia Page, an heiress, to name a few. The novel begins on a

Newberg of the Austin Police Department questions Armpit about the counterfeit tickets; where upon Armpit invents a culprit to avert suspicion from himself and X-Ray. Later still, Armpit is invited to San Francisco by Kaira; but is accosted by ticket sellers Felix and Moses, who beat X-Ray and threaten to expose both of them to the police unless Armpit gives them the letter that Kaira sent earlier. Having agreed to do so, Armpit meets Kaira in San Francisco. In a coffee shop on the Italian part of San Francisco called North Beach, he tries to explain the counterfeit tickets and

leaves for high society. Jasper Chase, against the ""What Would Jesus Do"" vow, decides to print his novel anyway. Virginia later uses her inheritance to buy the Rectangle property and also to help Norman's newspaper. Rollin, having a purpose for his life helping people, declares love for Rachel. Chapters 16–24 shift the action to Chicago, with Dr. Calvin Bruce from Chicago visiting Raymond, and writing what he saw. He then decides to try similarly. Dr. Bruce does a similar pledge. His bishop, Bishop Edward Hampton visits him also. Rachel's cousins, Felicia and Rose are orphaned when their father commits suicide

"A Step From Heaven"
A Step From Heaven A Step From Heaven is the first novel by An Na, published in 2001 by Front Street Press. It won the 2002 Michael L. Printz Award from the American Library Association. At age four, Young Ju moves with her parents from Korea to Southern California. While expecting an easy, blissful life in America, Young Ju sees the stress that the cultural adjustment puts on her family. She struggles with the language barrier in her new school as her parents' relationship begins to strain due to financial issues. During this time, Young Ju's brother Joon Ho is

"House of Small Shadows"
is set in the present day. Through flashbacks interspersed throughout the book the reader learns about her past, which is extremely complicated. Catherine was abandoned by her birth parents in Ellyll Fields, a fictional small village near Hereford. While she did find an adoptive family, it is not a happy arrangement and they frequently questioned her mental health. Ostracized at school, Catherine only had one friend - a young mentally challenged girl named Alice that was also an outcast. They get along well until the summer of 1981, when Alice is one of several children that were kidnapped by the

"Little, Big"
of Country Houses”, although few readers grasped the point he was trying to convey. Somewhere around the start of the 20th century, Drinkwater designed and built a house called Edgewood. It is later revealed that this house is a door through to the outer realm of Faerie. Edgewood is a composite of many different houses and architectural styles, each built over and across the others. It has the effect of disorienting visitors and protecting the family. The beginning of the story joins a later generation of the Drinkwater family as they prepare for the marriage between their daughter Daily Alice

"Taking Steps"
at a single level, with the actors' movements between the floors expressed through mimed movement up and down flat staircases. This means that the downstairs living room, upstairs master bedroom and attic bedroom all occupy the same level, with actors frequently next to each other when their characters are on different floors in the story. (Stage exits lead to other off-stage rooms.) It takes place in London. Unlike most of Ayckbourn's plays, which are written for the round but are easily adapted for the proscenium, ""Taking Steps"" is generally considered to be a play that only works effectively in the

"A Small Act"
Chris was selected for a direct scholarship, provided to him by a Swedish woman named Hilde Back, who had fled Nazi Germany because of her Jewish heritage. In the present day, Mburu has decided to create a scholarship program of his own, and names it after his former benefactor, Hilde Back. In Kenya, Three gifted students, Kimani, Ruth, and Caroline are vying for a scholarship that may be their only chance to continue school. Kimani, Ruth and Caroline take the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Test, a nationwide standard that will determine their eligibility for Mburu's scholarship program. However, the

how he has to sell her love letter. He asks her if she will write another love letter, so he can sell it. Kaira believes Armpit is after her money and does not care about her as a person. This results in an argument which ends by Kaira throwing coffee all over Armpit, then storming away. Meanwhile, Kaira's business manager and stepfather, Jerome ""El Genius"" Paisley, plots to kill Kaira and frame Armpit for the murder. Jerome is jealous and angry because Kaira plans to fire him when she turns eighteen, in two months. Jerome enters Kaira's room and attacks

when did bihar bifurcate from bengal and some parts of chota nagpur merged into bengal

"Partition of Bengal (1905)"
lieutenant- governor of East Bengal, Sir Bampfylde Fuller. Around the time of 1907 Punjab unrest, the soldiers of Jat paltan revolted and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover the government treasurery. Their revolt was crushed by British colonists and several Jat soldiers had to suffer long imprisonment sentences. Due to these political protests, the two parts of Bengal were reunited on 12 December 1911. A new partition which divided the province on linguistic, rather than religious grounds followed, with the Hindi, Oriya and Assamese areas separated to form separate administrative units: Bihar and Orissa Province was created to the west,

"Partition of Midnapore"
Partition of Midnapore The Partition of Midnapore (Bengali: মেদিনীপুর জেলা বিভাজন) was the administrative breakup of the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India into the western Paschim Medinipur and the eastern Purba Medinipur districts that became effective on 1 January 2002. With a collective population of 97 lakh or 9.7 million, the undivided district was the largest in terms of population in India and more populous than many countries, including Sweden. With the division of the district, the subdivisions of Medinipur Sadar, Kharagpur, Jhargram, and Ghatal were placed in Paschim Medinipur, with Midnapore, now the district headquarters of only the

"Chota Nagpur Tributary States"
Anglo-Maratha Wars in the early 19th century. In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi-speaking states of Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja, and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces, while the two Oriya-speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the Eastern States Agency, the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any Provinces. After

Hazaribagh
many years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station. In 1912, a new province of Bihar and Orissa was split from Bengal Province. In 1936, the province was split into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the Chota Nagpur Division being a part of Bihar. Bihar's boundaries remained mostly unchanged after Indian Independence in 1947. After the 1991 census, the district of Hazaribagh was divided into three separate districts, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma. The two sub-divisions Chatra and Koderma were upgraded to the status of independent districts. In 2000, Jharkhand was

"Bihar and Orissa Province"
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 16 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert, Lord Clive, of the East India Company, as a result of the Battle of Buxar of 22 October 1764. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of British rule in India. Based on the terms of the agreement, Alam granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa. Bihar and Orissa was separated from Bengal

"Partition of Bengal (1947)"
Sylhet from Assam and merge it into East Bengal. The partition, with the power transferred to Pakistan and India on 14–15 August 1947, was done according to what has come to be known as the ""3 June Plan"" or ""Mountbatten Plan"". India's independence on 15 August 1947 ended over 150 years of British influence in the Indian subcontinent. East Bengal later became the independent country of Bangladesh after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1905, the first partition in Bengal was implemented as an administrative preference, making governing the two provinces, West and East Bengal, easier. While the partition split

resources. New administrative and legislative buildings began to come up immediately in Tamluk after the partition came into effect. A new district magistrate and superintendent of police was also appointed. Partition of Midnapore The Partition of Midnapore (Bengali: মেদিনীপুর জেলা বিভাজন) was the administrative breakup of the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India into the western Paschim Medinipur and the eastern Purba Medinipur districts that became effective on 1 January 2002. With a collective population of 97 lakh or 9.7 million, the undivided district was the largest in terms of population in India and more populous than many countries, including

Bengal
influx of Hindus from East Pakistan after partition. It became a Union Territory of India in November 1953. It was granted full statehood with an elected legislature in July 1963. An insurgency by indigenous people affected the state for several years. The Left Front ruled the state between 1978 and 1988, followed by a stint of Indian National Congress rule until 1993, and then a return to the Communists. The Barak Valley joined the union of India after its partition from Sylhet in 1947 and has been a part of the state of Assam. One of the most significant events

"West Bengal"
went to the Dominion of Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan in 1956). The latter became the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1950 the Princely State of Cooch Behar merged with West Bengal. In 1955 the former French enclave of Chandannagar, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal; portions of Bihar were also subsequently merged with West Bengal. Both West and East Bengal experienced large influxes of refugees during and after partition in 1947. Refugee resettlement and related issues continued to play a significant role in the

"Bengal Presidency"
was partitioned, with Eastern Bengal and Assam headquartered in Dacca and Shillong (summer capital). British India was reorganised in 1912 and the presidency was reunited into a single Bengali-speaking province. The Bengal Presidency was established in 1765, following the defeat of the last independent Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 23 June 1757, and the Battle of Buxar in 22 October 1764. Bengal was the economic, cultural and educational hub of the British Raj. It was the centre of the late 19th and early 20th century Bengali Renaissance and a hotbed of the Indian Independence Movement. The

It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments. The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. Greg Heffley, a small 11 year old who constantly fights with his teenage brother Rodrick and younger brother Manny, is apprehensive about beginning middle school. On his first day, he quickly discovers the ups and downs, such as the missing stall doors in the boys' bathroom and the difficulties of obtaining a seat during lunch. During P.E. class,

in the United Kingdom. The ninth, """", was released on November 4, 2014, in the US and November 5, 2014, in the UK. The tenth, """", was released globally on November 3, 2015. The eleventh, """", was published on November 1, 2016. The twelfth book, """", was published on November 7, 2017, followed by the thirteenth, """", on October 30, 2018. The book won the Blue Peter Book Award 2012, revealed live on British kids channel CBBC on March 1, 2012. Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a 2010 American comedy directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's

Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of films based on the series of books, ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" by Jeff Kinney. The series consists of four films: ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" (2010), """" (2011), """" (2012) and the latest fourth film "" ""(2017) as well as a short film entitled ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown"" (2012) ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" was released March 19, 2010, as it moved up from a previously scheduled April 2 release date. Principal production began on September 21, 2009 and was

"Bottersnikes and Gumbles (TV series)"
announced it had acquired the rights to the series and it was released as 52 eleven-minute episodes. It later aired on 7TWO in Australia on 18 December 2015 until 22 January 2016 and CBBC in the UK in 2016. It is pitched at ""6 to 9 year old boys and girls."" Patrick Egerton, the producer and Cheeky Little Media CEO, described how the ""books contain such a rich, distinctive world and made an indelible mark on my mind as a kid. With the CG tools and skills now available, we knew the timing was right to develop the property for

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)"
like to see """" adapted into an animated film, stating in an interview, ""I hope that it gets made into an animated movie. but I'd really like to see it turn into an animated television special."" In 2016, it was announced that a live-action film adaptation of the ninth book """" was in development, and would be featuring a completely new cast playing the Heffleys. The film was released on May 17, 2017, in the Philippines, May 19, 2017, in the United States, and May 20, 2017, in the United Kingdom. On February 23, 2017, a theatrical poster and teaser

1854. The first officially perforated stamps were issued in February 1854. Stamps from Henry Archer's perforation trials were issued in the last few months of 1850; during the 1851 parliamentary session at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom; and finally in 1853/54 after the UK government paid Mr. Archer £4,000 for his machine and the patent. When the first postage stamps were issued in the 1840s, they followed an almost identical standard in shape, size and general subject matter. They were rectangular in shape. They bore the images of Queens, Presidents and other political figures. They also depicted

course of Archer's perforating machine. After a period of trial and error and modifications of Archer's invention, new machines based on the principles pioneered by Archer were purchased and in 1854 the U.K. postal authorities started continuously issuing perforated postage stamps in the Penny Red and all subsequent designs. In the U.S. the use of postage stamps caught on quickly and became more widespread when on March 3, 1851, the last day of its legislative session, Congress passed the ""Act of March 3, 1851"" (""An Act to reduce and modify the Rates of Postage in the United States""). Similarly introduced

Adhesive
in German and Swiss factories. In 1876, the first US patent (number 183,024) was issued to the Ross brothers for the production of casein glue. The first US postage stamps used starch-based adhesives when issued in 1847. The first US patent (number 61,991) on dextrin (a starch derivative) adhesive was issued in 1867. Natural rubber was first used as material for adhesives starting in 1830. In 1862, a British patent (number 3288) was issued for the plating of metal with brass by electrodeposition to obtain a stronger bond to rubber. The development of the automobile and the need for rubber

"Self-adhesive stamp"
Self-adhesive stamp A self-adhesive stamp is a postage stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not require moistening in order to adhere to paper. They are usually issued on a removable backing paper. They were first issued by such tropical climates as Sierra Leone in February 1964 and Tonga in April 1969 in an attempt to avoid the tendency of traditional water-activated stamps to stick together in humid conditions. They also made die cutting into fanciful and unique shapes easier. The United States Postal Service's first foray into self-adhesive stamps was in 1974 with the 10-cent dove weathervane, produced by

"James Chalmers (inventor)"
James Chalmers (inventor) James Chalmers (2 February 1782, Arbroath – 26 August 1853, Dundee) was a Scotsman (buried on 1 September 1853 in plot 526 Dundee Howff) who it was claimed, by his son, was the inventor of the adhesive postage stamps. He trained as a weaver, before he moved to Dundee in 1809 on the recommendation of his brother. He established himself as a bookseller, printer and newspaper publisher on Castle Street. He is known to have been the publisher of ""The Caledonian"" as early as 1822. Later he served as a Burgh Councillor and became Convener of the

separating stamps from a sheet proved an inconvenience for postal clerks and businesses, both dealing with large numbers of individual stamps on a daily basis. By 1850, methods such as rouletting wheels were being devised in efforts of making stamp separation more convenient, and less time consuming. The United Kingdom was the first country to issue postage stamps with perforations. The first machine specifically designed to perforate sheets of postage stamps was invented in London by Henry Archer, an Irish landowner and railroad man from Dublin, Ireland. The 1850 Penny Red was the first stamp to be perforated during trial

"Adhesive label"
Adhesive label An adhesive label or sticky label is a small piece of paper designed to be affixed to another larger piece of paper or other object, typically by the action of a layer of adhesive on the back of the label. The most familiar type of label is the postage stamp, which was developed in the mid-19th century. In 1935 R. Stanton Avery invented a machine to make self-adhesive labels. The concept has since been extended into a variety of areas: Almost every imaginable type of paper and adhesive has been used at some point; see postage stamp paper

time, other groups organised petitions and presented them to Parliament. All petitions for consumer-oriented, low-cost, volume-based postal rates followed publication of Hill's proposals. Other claimants include or have included Although a number of people laid claim to the concept of the postage stamp, it is well documented that stamps were first introduced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840 as a part of postal reforms promoted by Sir Rowland Hill. With its introduction, the postage fee was paid by the sender and not the recipient, though it was still possible to send mail without

""The Penny Postage Scheme of 1837"", Scotsman Patrick Chalmers claimed that his father, James Chalmers, published an essay in August 1834 describing and advocating a postage stamp, but submitted no evidence of the essay's existence. Nevertheless, until he died in 1891, Patrick Chalmers campaigned to have his father recognized as the inventor of the postage stamp. Until his death i The first independent evidence for Chalmers' claim is an essay, dated 8 February 1838 and received by the Post Office on 17 February 1838, in which he proposed adhesive postage stamps to the General Post Office. In this approximately 800-word

"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States"
Later that year, Daniel Webster rose in the U.S. Senate to recommend that the recent English postal reforms—standardized rates and the use of postage stamps—be adopted in America. It would be private enterprise, however, that brought stamps to the U. S. On February 1, 1842 a new carrier service called ""City Despatch Post"" began operations in New York City, introducing the first adhesive postage stamp ever produced in the western hemisphere, which it required its clients to use for all mail. This stamp was a 3¢ issue bearing a rather amateurish drawing of George Washington, printed from line engraved plates

"A Walk to Remember (novel)"
first losing his wife, now knowing his only child will soon be gone, too. The book ends with Landon 40 years later at age 57. He still loves Jamie and wears her ring. He finishes the story by saying, ""I now believe, by the way, that miracles can happen"". The novel was published in the fall of October 1999 in hardcover print, and later in paperback edition. It spent nearly six months in the best-seller list on hardcover, and an additional four months on paperback. The novel received mixed reviews from critics. The ""Sunday New York Post"" holds that it

And just like Jamie, she always carried the Bible around with her everywhere she went. And just like Landon and Jamie, never in a thousand years did anyone think someone would ever deeply fall head-over-heels for her. His sister's husband proposed marriage to her despite her sickness. After her death, Sparks said in the eulogy: ""...I suppose I wrote this novel not only so that you could get to know my sister, but so that you would know what a wonderful thing it was that her husband once did for her."" The story starts with a prologue from Landon Carter

A Walk to Remember (novel) A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks, released in October 1999. The novel, set in 1958–1959 in Beaufort, North Carolina, is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities. ""A Walk to Remember"" is adapted in the film of the same name. Sparks wrote the manuscripts for ""A Walk to Remember"", his third novel, in the summer of 1999. He wrote it in North Carolina, which is the setting of the novel. Like his first published novel ""The Notebook"", the

the late 1990s. Sparks and the producer thought that because the film was suitable for teenagers ""because of the message it provided"", they had to make the adaptation more contemporary. A Walk to Remember (novel) A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks, released in October 1999. The novel, set in 1958–1959 in Beaufort, North Carolina, is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities. ""A Walk to Remember"" is adapted in the film of the same name. Sparks wrote the manuscripts for ""A Walk to

prologue to ""A Walk to Remember"" was written last. The title ""A Walk to Remember"" was taken from one of the tail end pages of the novel: ""In every way, a walk to remember."" The novel is written in first-person, and its narrator is a seventeen-year-old boy, living in the 1950s. The novel was inspired by Sparks' sister, Danielle Sparks Lewis, who later died of cancer in June 2000. Although the story is largely fictional, certain parts were based on real experiences. For example, his sister, just like Jamie, was never popular at school and always wore an ugly sweater.

at age 57. The remainder of the story takes place when Landon is a 17-year-old high school senior. Landon lives in the small, religious town of Beaufort, North Carolina. His father is a genial, charismatic congressman. His father is not around very much, as he lives in Washington, D.C. Landon is more reclusive, which causes some tension in their relationship. Landon's father pressures him into running for class president. His best friend, Eric Hunter, who is the most popular boy in school, helps him and, to his surprise, Landon wins the election. As student body president, Landon is required to

"Sam Walter Foss"
Sam Walter Foss Sam Walter Foss (June 19, 1858 – February 26, 1911) was an American librarian and poet whose works included ""The House by the Side of the Road"" and ""The Coming American."" Foss was born in rural Candia, New Hampshire. He lost his mother at age four, worked on his father's farm and went to school in the winter. He graduated from Brown University in 1882, and would be considered illustrious enough to warrant having his name inscribed on the mace. Beginning in 1898, he served as librarian at the Somerville Public Library in Massachusetts. He married a

"A Walk to Remember"
time constraints, the sub-plot showing how he overcame his struggles could not be included in the film. Sparks was concerned that ""people who hadn't read the book would question whether Hegbert was a good father"", adding that ""because he is a good father and we didn't want that question to linger, we changed the play."" A significant difference is that at the end of the novel, unlike the film, it is ambiguous whether Jamie died. Sparks says that he had written the book knowing she would die, yet had ""grown to love Jamie Sullivan"", and so opted for ""the solution

A Walk to Remember A Walk to Remember is a 2002 American coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Adam Shankman and written by Karen Janszen, based on Nicholas Sparks' 1999 novel of the same name. The film stars Shane West, Mandy Moore, Peter Coyote and Daryl Hannah, and was produced by Denise Di Novi and Hunt Lowry for Warner Bros. Pictures. In Beaufort, North Carolina, popular and rebellious teenager Landon Carter and his friends have been fond of underage drinking on school grounds. They seriously injure another student during a prank gone wrong and the principal gives Landon the choice

that best described the exact feeling I had with regard to my sister at that point: namely, that I hoped she would live."" The film's soundtrack was released by Moore's first label Epic Records and Sony Music Soundtrax on January 15, 2002. It features six songs by Moore and others by acts Switchfoot, Rachael Lampa and many more. The lead single ""Cry"" was originally released on Moore's self-titled third studio album in 2001. The soundtrack also includes two versions of Switchfoot's song ""Only Hope"" including the version Moore sang in the film. Moore's manager, Jon Leshay, the musical supervisor for

"Red Dead Redemption"
Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. A spiritual successor to 2004's ""Red Dead Revolver"", it is the second game in the ""Red Dead"" series, and was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2010. ""Red Dead Redemption"" is set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911 and follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets

weapon. The Liars and Cheats pack was released on September 21, 2010; it added competitive multiplayer modes and mini-games, additional characters from the single-player game and the Explosive Rifle weapon. The Hunting and Trading pack was released on October 12, 2010; it added a jackalope to the game's world, and some additional outfits. """", released on October 26, 2010, added a new single-player campaign with ghost towns and cemeteries full of zombies; in the game's story, players continue to assume control of John Marston as he searches for a cure to the zombie outbreak. The Myths and Mavericks pack, released

a sequel. The game, ""Red Dead Redemption 2"", was officially announced by Rockstar that same month and was released on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 26, 2018. Notes Footnotes Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. A spiritual successor to 2004's ""Red Dead Revolver"", it is the second game in the ""Red Dead"" series, and was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2010. ""Red Dead Redemption"" is set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911

were mostly recorded using motion capture technology, with additional dialogue and sound effects recorded in a studio. ""Red Dead Redemption"" also features an original score, which was composed by Bill Elm and Woody Jackson, collaborating with each other over fifteen months. Rockstar also consulted musicians who played traditional Western instruments, such as harmonica player Tommy Morgan. Though a technology demonstration was shown in 2005, ""Red Dead Redemption"" was first formally announced by Rockstar Games on February 3, 2009. The debut trailer was released on May 6, 2009, introducing the game's protagonist. The game missed its original projected April 2010 release

"Red Dead"
May 2010 to critical and commercial acclaim. Selling over 15 million copies by 2017 and winning many year-end accolades from multiple gaming publications, the game is considered to be one of the best games of all time. Multiple DLCs were added, including ""Undead Nightmare"", a single-player expansion later released as a standalone game. A Game of the Year edition of the game includes all of the additional content. ""Red Dead Redemption 2"", developed by Rockstar Studios released on October 26, 2018. The game was also widely acclaimed and a commercial success, generating $725 million in revenue in three days and

"Development of Red Dead Redemption"
Development of Red Dead Redemption The development of ""Red Dead Redemption"" began in 2005. Rockstar Games released ""Red Dead Redemption"" on May 18, 2010, for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. One of their studios, Rockstar San Diego, oversaw the work, sharing it with other studios around the world. The development team considered the game a spiritual successor to ""Red Dead Revolver"". ""Red Dead Redemption"" was delayed numerous times through its four-year development, often attributed to technological problems. The working hours and managerial style of the studio during development was met with public complaints from staff members. ""Red Dead Redemption"" was

of honor and fame and how other characters respond to the player. An online multiplayer mode is included with the game, allowing up to 16 players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting. ""Red Dead Redemption"" was developed over the course of five years and is one of the most expensive video games ever made. The game received critical acclaim for its visuals, dynamically-generated music, voice acting, gameplay, and story, and shipped over 15 million copies by 2017. It won several year-end accolades, including Game of the Year awards from several gaming

for free on September 13, 2011, added additional characters from the single-player campaign. A ""Game of the Year Edition"" containing all downloadable content was released for both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, on October 11, 2011 in North America and on October 14, 2011 internationally. Additionally, Microsoft added the game to its backwards compatibility list for Xbox One platforms in July 2016. ""Red Dead Redemption"" was released to critical acclaim. Review aggregator website Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating in the 0–100 range, calculated an average score of 95 out of 100, indicating ""universal acclaim"", based on 73 reviews for

"Red Dead Redemption 2"
Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles. The third entry in the ""Red Dead"" series, it is a prequel to the 2010 game ""Red Dead Redemption"". Set in 1899 in a fictionalized version of the Western United States, the story centers on outlaw Arthur Morgan, a member of the Van der Linde gang dealing with the decline of the Wild West whilst attempting to survive against government forces, rival gangs, and other opponents.

2016, depicting the open world environment, and the second and third trailers—released on September 28, 2017, and May 2, 2018, respectively—introduced the game's characters and story. A trailer released on August 9 features the first gameplay footage. It demonstrates the shooting and horse mechanics, and the ability to maintain the player's gang and camps. To spur pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide special edition versions of the game. The ""Special Edition"" includes exclusive single-player content, while the ""Ultimate Edition"" features additional online content. The ""Collector's Box"" is a collection of physical merchandise relating to the game.

"You've Got Time"
forgiveness."" ""You've Got Time"" was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Spektor's first Grammy nomination. The song was covered by The Wind and The Wave for its 2015 album, ""Covers One"". You've Got Time ""You've Got Time"" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series ""Orange Is the New Black"", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for ""Orange Is the

You've Got Time ""You've Got Time"" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series ""Orange Is the New Black"", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for ""Orange Is the New Black"" by Regina Spektor, who was approached by the show's creator, Jenji Kohan. Kohan said, ""I listened to Regina's albums obsessively while writing the series, so I immediately thought of her for our theme song."" Additionally Spektor had previously performed a cover

"Regina Spektor"
Rowboats"" was featured on The CW's ""Ringer"" in March 2012. The song ""Your Honor"" was used in the Season 2 premiere of HBO's series ""Girls"" on January 13, 2013, and the song ""Laughing With"" was featured on BBC drama ""The Crash"" in March 2013 as well as in HBO's The Leftovers in November 2015. Regina wrote and recorded ""You've Got Time"" to be the theme song for the Netflix Original Series ""Orange is the New Black"" which premiered in 2013. Spektor was approached by the show's creator, Jenji Kohan, to create the opening number. Her cover of ""While My Guitar

"What's New Pussycat? (song)"
introduction. It has also been performed by Bobby Darin, Steve Lawrence, Anita Kerr, The Wailers and The Four Seasons. Barbra Streisand performed several lines in her ""Color Me Barbra Medley"" from the TV special and album ""Color Me Barbra"". It has also been referenced in John Mulaney’s popular segment “The Salt and Pepper Diner,” the last segment in his stand up routine The Top Part. What's New Pussycat? (song) ""What's New Pussycat?"" is the theme song for the eponymous movie, sung by British singer Tom Jones, and written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Nominated for the Academy Award for

"Gwendolyn Sanford"
Gwendolyn Sanford Gwendolyn Sanford is an American singer-songwriter and composer. She is best known for her performances with Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang and for her contributions to the scores for ""Weeds"", ""Orange Is the New Black"" and other films and plays. Sanford was born in Philadelphia and raised in Sierra Madre, California. Sanford studied acting at the Los Angeles County School High School for the Arts. While in school, she learned to play guitar and at age 27, formed Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang. The group was first noticed at a 2003 street fair in Los Feliz.

"Rebel Girl (song)"
(2007). ""Rebel Girl"" is prominently employed in the television series ""Orange Is the New Black"" as a kind of theme song for Kate Mulgrew's character, Galina ""Red"" Reznikova. The song is also featured as part of the music videogame ""Rock Band 2"". In February 2016, political counselor John Podesta tweeted a link to an unofficial, homemade video made by a supporter of Hillary Clinton. The video used ""Rebel Girl"" as the soundtrack for a partisan overview of Clinton's record on feminism and women's rights. Although the video had not been designed for wide release, Podesta's position as chairperson of the

"Red, Hot and Blue"
(Peaches), Lesley Blumenthal, Randy Bobish (Bugs), Dianna Bush (Olive), Paul Carlin, Kevin Covert (Leonard), Beth Glover, Billy Hartung (Fingers), Jessica Kostival (Grace), Stephanie Kurtzuba (Jane), Kristin Maloney (Helen), Steve Luker (Eagle Eye), Jody Madaras, Trish Reidy (Vivian), Vince Trani, Matt Williams (Coyote), and Darlene Wilson (Barbara). A production in 2009 by George Productions had Richard Steven Horvitz as Policy Pinkle, Allyson Turner as Nails and Kyle Nudo as Bob Hale. Redhot & Blue, a singing group at Yale University (Cole Porter's alma mater), is named after this musical. The group still performs the title song of the musical. Porter and

"Black (singer)"
in the British charts. ""Wonderful Life"" was later covered by singers including Kim Wilde and Tony Hadley. A version by Katie Melua was included on the BBC Radio 2's ""Sounds of the 80s"" compilation album, and was released as a single in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital and the Children's Hospital Charity. But its widespread popularity came from its use on several advertising commercials for brands that included Standard Life, Cadbury's chocolate and Fleury Michon. In 2015 Melua sang a version in a Premier Inn advertisement. Vearncombe suffered from the feeling of being a one-hit wonder: Once you have

"Orange Is the New Black"
Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, """" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, ""Orange Is the New Black"" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the

"Don Black (lyricist)"
The concert included contributions from Lee Mead, Gary Barlow, Elkie Brooks, Craig David, Maria Friedman, Joe Longthorne, Lulu, Peter Grant, Raza Jaffrey, Matt Rawle, Ryan Molloy, Marti Webb, Jonathan Ansell, Hayley Westenra, Phil Campbell and Mica Paris. The singers were accompanied by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, led by Mike Dixon and with guest conductors Michel Legrand and David Arnold. In October 2013, a special concert to celebrate Black's work was held at London's Royal Festival Hall, featuring a lengthy interview with the composer by Michael Grade, interspersed by performances of his songs by artists such as Michael Ball, Maria Friedman,

KAET
KAET KAET, virtual and VHF digital channel 8, known as Arizona PBS on air, is the PBS member television station in Phoenix, Arizona. It broadcasts a high definition digital signal on VHF channel 8 from a transmitter on South Mountain in Phoenix. Its signal is relayed across Arizona on a network of 13 translator stations. Owned by the Arizona Board of Regents and operated by Arizona State University, KAET maintains studios at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication on the campus of ASU Downtown Phoenix. KAET was launched on January 30, 1961, as an affiliate for National

KTAZ
weather is incorporated into the broadcasts. KTAZ KTAZ, virtual channel 39 (UHF digital channel 29), is a Telemundo owned-and-operated television station licensed to Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal (itself a subsidiary of Comcast). KTAZ's studios are located on South 33rd Place in Phoenix, and its transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side. In 1986, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated VHF channel 11 as a commercial allotment for Holbrook. The allotment lay vacant until April 1996, when Channel 11 LLC applied for a permit

KTAZ
KTAZ KTAZ, virtual channel 39 (UHF digital channel 29), is a Telemundo owned-and-operated television station licensed to Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal (itself a subsidiary of Comcast). KTAZ's studios are located on South 33rd Place in Phoenix, and its transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side. In 1986, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated VHF channel 11 as a commercial allotment for Holbrook. The allotment lay vacant until April 1996, when Channel 11 LLC applied for a permit to build a TV station. The

KMSB
KMSB KMSB, virtual channel 11 (UHF digital channel 25), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Tucson, Arizona, United States. Owned by Tegna Inc., the station is operated by Raycom Media (owner of CBS affiliate KOLD-TV, channel 13) through a shared services agreement; Raycom also operates MyNetworkTV affiliate KTTU (channel 18) through a separate shared services agreement with Tucker Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on North Business Park Drive on the northwest side of Tucson (near the Casas Adobes neighborhood). KMSB's transmitter is located atop Mount Bigelow; as a result of the transmitter's location, residents in the northern part

KPNX
KPNX KPNX, virtual and VHF digital channel 12, is an NBC-affiliated television station serving Phoenix, Arizona, United States that is licensed to Mesa. The station is owned by Tegna Inc. KPNX's studios are located at the Republic Media building on Van Buren Street in downtown Phoenix (which also houses formerly co-owned newspaper ""The Arizona Republic""), and its transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side. The station's programming is simulcast on satellite station KNAZ-TV (channel 2) in Flagstaff, and is further relayed through a network of 14 low-power translators across northern and central Arizona. The station first

KTVK
KTVK KTVK, virtual channel 3 (UHF digital channel 24), is an independent television station licensed to Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Corporation, as part of a duopoly with CBS affiliate KPHO-TV (channel 5). The two stations share studios on North Seventh Avenue in Uptown Phoenix; KTVK's transmitter is located on South Mountain on the city's south side. The station's signal is relayed across northern Arizona on a network of translator stations. Former U.S. Senator Ernest McFarland, author of the GI Bill, was awed by the new medium of television. With a few friends, he

KPAZ-TV
KPAZ-TV KPAZ-TV, virtual channel 21 (UHF digital channel 20), is a TBN owned-and-operated television station licensed to Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by the Trinity Broadcasting Network. KPAZ-TV's studios are located on East McDowell Road in southeast Phoenix, and its transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side. The station first signed on the air on September 16, 1967, as Arizona's first full-power UHF station. KPAZ initially operated from studios and office facilities in the now-former Tower Plaza Mall. It operated as a bilingual independent station, carrying a mix of programs in English and

KWBA-TV
KWBA-TV KWBA-TV, virtual channel 58 (UHF digital channel 21), is a CW-affiliated television station serving Tucson, Arizona, United States that is licensed to Sierra Vista. The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, as part of a duopoly with Tucson-licensed ABC affiliate KGUN-TV (channel 9). The two stations share studios on East Rosewood Street in East Tucson; KWBA's transmitter is located atop the Santa Rita Mountains southeast of Tucson. It is currently Scripps' only CW affiliate since KNIN-TV in Caldwell, Idaho switched from The CW to Fox in 2011 (KNIN was sold to Raycom Media in 2015, but

KTVK
KTVK is rebroadcast on the following translator stations: KTVK is available on cable in Yuma, the Imperial Valley, California and Coachella, California Country Cable services. KTVK KTVK, virtual channel 3 (UHF digital channel 24), is an independent television station licensed to Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Corporation, as part of a duopoly with CBS affiliate KPHO-TV (channel 5). The two stations share studios on North Seventh Avenue in Uptown Phoenix; KTVK's transmitter is located on South Mountain on the city's south side. The station's signal is relayed across northern Arizona on a network of

"YurView Arizona"
YurView Arizona YurView Arizona (formally known as Cox 7) is a Cox owned-and-operated television station located in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station was owned by the Cox Enterprises. The station's studio facilities were located on the northwest end of Phoenix. The transmission signal was available to Cox cable television subscribers in central and southern Arizona, which include the Phoenix and Tucson metro areas. The roots of YurView go back to the Arizona Sports Programming Network (ASPN). ASPN began broadcasting Arizona sports in the 1980s. It was the official television home of Phoenix Suns until the mid-1990s. Production and post-production

"Brazos River"
Brazos River The Brazos River ( ), called the ""Rio de los Brazos de Dios"" (translated as ""The River of the Arms of God"") by early Spanish explorers, is the 11th-longest river in the United States at from its headwater source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage basin. Being one of Texas' largest rivers , it is sometimes used to mark the boundary between East Texas and West Texas. The Brazos proper begins at the confluence of the Salt Fork and Double Mountain Fork, two

lakes. Hunting and fishing are also permitted at select locations along the river. Outdoor enthusiasts enjoy the opportunity to find beautiful scenery and abundant wildlife on the river. Fly fishing and river fishing for largemouth bass are popular. Brazos River The Brazos River ( ), called the ""Rio de los Brazos de Dios"" (translated as ""The River of the Arms of God"") by early Spanish explorers, is the 11th-longest river in the United States at from its headwater source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage

south to near Calvert, Texas then past Bryan and College Station, then through Richmond, Texas in Fort Bend County, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico in the marshes just south of Freeport. The main stem of the Brazos is dammed in three places, all north of Waco, forming Possum Kingdom Lake, Lake Granbury, and Lake Whitney. Of these three, Granbury was the last to be completed, in 1969. When its construction was proposed in the mid-1950s, John Graves wrote the book ""Goodbye to a River"". The Possum Kingdom Dam and the Whitney Dam, located on the upper Brazos, provide

certainly seen by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. Later Spanish accounts call it ""Los Brazos de Dios"" (the arms of God), for which name there were several different explanations, all involving it being the first water to be found by desperately thirsty parties. In 1842, Indian commissioner of Texas, Ethan Stroud established a trading post on this river. The river was important for navigation before and after the American Civil War, and steam boats sailed as far up the river as Washington-on-the-Brazos. While attempts to improve commercial navigation on the river continued, railroads proved more reliable. The Brazos River

the first English-speaking colonies along the Brazos and was founded by Stephen F. Austin at San Felipe de Austin. In 1836, Texas declared independence from Mexico at Washington-on-the-Brazos, a settlement in now Washington County that is known as ""the birthplace of Texas"". Brazos River was also the scene of a battle between the Texas Navy and Mexican Navy during the Texas Revolution. Texas Navy ship ""Independence"" was defeated by one Mexican vessel. It is unclear when it was first named by European explorers, since it was often confused with the Colorado River not far to the south, but it was

tributaries of the Upper Brazos that rise on the high plains of the Llano Estacado, flowing southeast through the center of Texas. Another major tributary of the Upper Brazos is the Clear Fork Brazos River, which passes by Abilene and joins the main river near Graham. Important tributaries of the Lower Brazos include the Paluxy River, the Bosque River, the Little River, Yegua Creek, the Nolan River, the Leon River, the San Gabriel River, the Lampasas River, and the Navasota River. Initially running east towards Dallas-Fort Worth, the Brazos turns south, passing through Waco and the Baylor University campus, further

hydroelectric power, flood control, and irrigation to enable efficient cotton growth in the river valley . A small municipal dam (Lake Brazos Dam) is near the downstream city limit of Waco at the end of the Baylor campus; it raises the level of the river through the city to form a town lake. This impoundment of the Brazos through Waco is locally called Lake Brazos. A total of nineteen major reservoirs are located along the Brazos. In 1822, the lower river valley of the Brazos River became one of the major Anglo-American settlement sites in Texas. This was one of

also flooded, often seriously, on a regular basis before a piecemeal levee system was replaced, notably in 1913 when a massive flood affected the course of the river. The river is primarily important today as a source of water for power, irrigation, and recreation. The water is administered by the Brazos River Authority. The 2000 book, ""Sandbars and Sternwheelers: Steam Navigation on the Brazos"" by Pamela A. Puryear and Nath Winfield, Jr., with introduction by J. Milton Nance, examines the early vessels that attempted to navigate the Brazos. On June 2, 2016, the rising of the river required evacuations for

"Navasota River"
Springfield Lake, Joe Echols Lake, Lake Groesbeck, Lake Limestone, Martin Lake, and Lake Fort Parker in Fort Parker State Park. Navasota River The Navasota River is a river in east Texas, United States. It is about 125 miles (201 km) long, beginning near Mount Calm and flowing south into the Brazos River at a point where Brazos, Grimes, and Washington counties converge. The river has been known by several names. The indigenous people called it the Nabasoto, Domingo Terán de los Ríos called it San Cypriano, Fray Isidro Félix de Espinosa called it the San Buenaventura, and in 1727, Pedro

"Rio Brazos (New Mexico)"
flows in April and early May from snowmelt in the mountains, and is subject to occasional flash floods caused by summer thunderstorms. Although most of the river's length provides good fishing for brown and rainbow trout, especially the upper section which is one of the largest high-meadow streams in New Mexico, most of the drainage is private property making it largely inaccessible for recreation. Although most of the Brazos flows through wild lands, the river is heavily used for irrigation in the last , with multiple acequias (irrigation ditches) drawing off water. As a result, this section of the river

"Bromophenol blue"
Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue (3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein, BPB, albutest) is used as a pH indicator, a color marker, and a dye. It can be prepared by slowly adding excess bromine to a hot solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in glacial acetic acid. As an acid–base indicator, its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6; this reaction is reversible. Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein (a popular indicator). Bromophenol is also used as a color marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since bromophenol blue

light most strongly and transmits blue light. Solutions of the dye, therefore, are blue. At low pH, the dye absorbs ultraviolet and blue light most strongly and appears yellow in solution. In solution at pH 3.6 (in the middle of the transition range of this pH indicator) obtained by dissolution in water without any pH adjustment, bromophenol blue has a characteristic green red color, where the apparent color shifts depending on the concentration and/or path length through which the solution is observed. This phenomenon is called dichromatic color. Bromophenol blue is the substance with the highest known value of Kreft's

dichromaticity index. This means it has the largest change in color hue, when the thickness or concentration of observed sample increases or decreases. Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue (3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein, BPB, albutest) is used as a pH indicator, a color marker, and a dye. It can be prepared by slowly adding excess bromine to a hot solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in glacial acetic acid. As an acid–base indicator, its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6; this reaction is reversible. Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein (a popular indicator).

Cyanine
Cyanine Cyanine is the non-systematic name of a synthetic dye family belonging to polymethine group. The word cyanin is from the English word ""cyan"", which conventionally means a shade of blue-green (close to ""aqua"") and is derived from the Greek / ""kyaneos/kyanous"" which means a somewhat different color: ""dark blue"". Cyanines were and are still used in industry, and more recently in biotechnology (labeling, analysis). Cyanines have many uses as fluorescent dyes, particularly in biomedical imaging. Depending on the structure, they cover the electromagnetic spectrum from near IR to UV. There are a large number reported in the literature. There

Cyanine
automation trivial. Cyanine Cyanine is the non-systematic name of a synthetic dye family belonging to polymethine group. The word cyanin is from the English word ""cyan"", which conventionally means a shade of blue-green (close to ""aqua"") and is derived from the Greek / ""kyaneos/kyanous"" which means a somewhat different color: ""dark blue"". Cyanines were and are still used in industry, and more recently in biotechnology (labeling, analysis). Cyanines have many uses as fluorescent dyes, particularly in biomedical imaging. Depending on the structure, they cover the electromagnetic spectrum from near IR to UV. There are a large number reported in the

"Methylene blue"
applied. Methylene blue is used as an aid to visualisation/orientation in a number of medical devices, including a Surgical sealant film, TissuePatch. In fistulas and pilonidal sinuses it is used to identify the tract for complete excision. When methylene blue is ""polychromed"" (oxidized in solution or ""ripened"" by fungal metabolism, as originally noted in the thesis of Dr. D. L. Romanowsky in the 1890s), it gets serially demethylated and forms all the tri-, di-, mono- and non-methyl intermediates, which are Azure B, Azure A, Azure C, and thionine, respectively. This is the basis of the basophilic part of the spectrum

"Bromothymol blue"
Bromothymol blue Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid indicator. Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The

Cyanogen
κυανός (kyanos, blue) and γεννάω (gennao, I create), because cyanide was first isolated by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele from the pigment ""Prussian blue"". By the 1850s, cyanogen soap was used by photographers to remove silver stains from their hands. It attained importance with the growth of the fertilizer industry in the late 19th century and remains an important intermediate in the production of many fertilizers. It is also used as a stabilizer in the production of nitrocellulose. In 1910 a spectroscopic analysis of Halley's Comet found cyanogen in the comet's tail, which led to public fear that the

Cyanide
reference electrode (SCE) works. The copper, in a cyanide-facilitated oxidation, converts the amine into a colored compound. A sample containing inorganic cyanide is purged with air from a boiling acid solution into a basic absorber solution. The cyanide salt absorbed in the basic solution is buffered at pH 4.5 and then reacted with chlorine to form cyanogen chloride. The cyanogen chloride formed couples pyridine with barbituric acid to form a strongly colored red dye that is proportional to the cyanide concentration. This colorimetric method following distillation is the basis for most regulatory methods (for instance EPA 335.4) used to analyze

reactions. Use often turns the urine, sweat, and stool blue to green in color. While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, not using it in methemoglobinemia is likely more dangerous. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. It works by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876 by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United States, a 50 mg vial costs about 191.40 USD. In the United Kingdom, a 50 mg

"Jim Halpert"
the pregnancy is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere, ""Gossip"". Jim is promoted to Regional Co-Manager, alongside Michael, in ""The Meeting."" His promotion causes problems in the office as the staff doesn't take him seriously and he is often in a power struggle with Michael. When Dunder Mifflin files for bankruptcy and is taken over by Sabre, a company that sells printers, Jim chooses to become a salesman again (largely because Sabre's uncapped commission means a huge pay increase). Jim and Pam marry in the highly anticipated, hour-long episode, ""Niagara"". When their guests' craziness threatens to ruin the wedding day,

she said no. Twice."" in ""The Convention"". Though in later seasons, after Ryan Howard's promotion, the relationship between him and Jim seems to be tense, in earlier seasons the two seem to be friendly. In ""Casino Night"", they are shown talking, laughing and drinking together. Throughout season 2, Jim dates Katy, who initially appeared in season 1 as the ""Purse Girl"" in ""Hot Girl"". After Jim and Katy split up in ""Booze Cruise"", he leaves a message asking out a fellow Dunder Mifflin employee named Brenda, much to Kelly's disbelief. Jim's misfortunes are assumed to be because he is unable

"Pam Beesly"
Pam Beesly Pamela Morgan Halpert (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom ""The Office"", played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of ""The Office"" is Dawn Tinsley. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until she left in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive but amiable, and artistically inclined, and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues.

that he will propose to Pam that evening. Just as Jim is preparing to propose, however, Andy Bernard stands up and makes his own impromptu proposal to Angela. Having had his thunder stolen by Andy, Jim reluctantly puts the ring back in his jacket pocket, leaving Pam visibly disappointed as she was expecting Jim to propose that night. In the Season 5 premiere, ""Weight Loss"", Pam begins her three-month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he ""can't wait"". In ""Business Trip"", Pam learns that she is

"Weight Loss (The Office)"
between Scranton and New York City. He proposes to her outside in the pouring rain, and she accepts ecstatically. Plotting his return to the company, Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) apologizes to various people around the office for his past behavior. Most notably, he apologizes to, and then proceeds to ask his former girlfriend Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) out, only to be rejected when she tells him that she is dating Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson). Holly Flax (Amy Ryan) yells at Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) for chastising Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner), still believing he is mentally challenged. He awkwardly reveals

again at the bar in ""Happy Hour"", and bond further, kissing at the end of the episode. In a chat at OfficeTally.com, Mindy Kaling noted that Dwight is not a typical ""nerd"" character, that he is a ""farmer and kind of strapping and tall"", and it generally makes sense that he does well with the opposite sex. In season 9, he begins to date an attractive neighboring farmer named Esther (Nora Kirkpatrick). He ultimately ends his relationship with her in ""A.A.R.M."". In the final episode, Dwight marries Angela Martin. The Dwight Schrute character has had a very positive reception, and

then a Subaru Outback. He mentions in ""Niagara"" that he has been able to drive a standard transmission since high school. In ""Goodbye, Toby"", Jim shows his happiness and support for Pam getting into the Pratt Institute, where she will be for the next three months. He plans to propose at Toby's going away party, until Andy proposes in front of everybody to Angela, who accepts. Jim puts his ring back in his pocket and postpones the engagement. Instead, he proposes during the season 5 premiere, ""Weight Loss"", during a rainy last minute lunch date at an Interstate rest stop

Dunder Mifflin ""Casino Night"" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says ""Yeah, I think I am"" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing back. Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In ""Gay Witch Hunt,"" the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not

in hand-drawn works. In ""Two Weeks"", Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not-yet-established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In ""Company Picnic"", Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim

Pam is describing her lack of satisfaction with the current state of her relationship with Jim. Jim then suddenly interrupts the session to ask her to dinner, much to her surprise. She becomes flustered and overjoyed, and accepts the invitation. Jim replies ""All right. Then... it's a date,"" and leaves abruptly. Pam turns back to the camera, smiling, only to ask, ""What was the question?"" In a webisode titled ""Office Summer Vacation"", found on NBC's website, Karen states that Jim ""dumped my ass"" and left her crying at a fountain. In the season premiere, ""Fun Run"", Pam and Jim reveal

"Akame ga Kill!"
rest of Wild Hunt. Syura is killed by Lubbock after he captures both him and Tatsumi. Lubbock is killed while attempting to escape, and Tatsumi is sentenced to death despite Esdeath's attempts to save his life. The remaining Night Raid members attack the execution site to rescue Tatsumi while being pursued by the imperial general Budo, who Mine manages to kill at the cost of her Teigu while falling into a coma. Due to the stress he experienced while escaping the execution site, Tatsumi caused Incrusio to transform. It would be revealed that Tatsumi caused the Danger Beast which Incrusio

to return her feelings. As the final battle unfolded, Honest attempted to flee before being mortally wounded by Leone after he fatally wounded her and she fused with the remains of her Teigu to give her enough time to capture him so the Revolutionary War can fully end. As Honest is later brutally executed with slow dismemberment for his crimes against the people, the Emperor accepts his own public execution while taking responsibility for his inaction as Najenda begins to rebuild their nation into better place. Tatsumi, still trapped in his dragon form, returns to his village with Mine after

"Murder of Airi Kinoshita"
found in a vacant lot in Hiroshima's Aki Ward. The box had been used as packaging for an oven sold in Higashi. Police said they suspected her killer lured Airi away as she was walking home and strangled her soon afterwards. Her schoolbag was found alongside a road about 300 meters away. She had been carrying a so-called ""crime prevention buzzer"" but it was missing when her body was found. 300 people attended her funeral in Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Prefecture, her father Kenichi's hometown. The mourners included Ground Self-Defense Force members who served with her father, a soldier. ""I was deeply

duel and destroys Kurome's Teigu. With this, Wave and Kurome fake their deaths as they run off to start a new life together. After hearing the news of the remaining Jaegers' deaths, Esdeath resumes her duties as general to hold off the Revolutionary Army when they begin a siege on the capital to remove Honest from power. As a last resort, Honest convinces the emperor himself to join the fight with his family's Teigu. After the remaining Night Raid members assassinated those in the government who have been pulling the strings behind the stage, only Honest and Esdeath are their

was created from, Tyrant, to awaken with the doctor has predicting that Tastumi can use his Teigu a few more times left before it fully fuses onto his body and consumes him. As this occurs, Night Raid confronts the last members of Wild Hunt and finish them off, with Akame taking out big generals on the Empire's side. Akame leaves a message to Wave that she and Kurome intend to settle things as they promised each other. After his attempt to convince Kurome not to get through with it, fighting his way through Tatsumi, Wave manages to stop the sisters'

"Akihabara massacre"
revive the victims. Five of the victims reportedly died at the scene. It was initially reported two people died from the attack, and during the day the death toll increased to seven. Later it was determined through autopsies that three victims died as a result of being hit by the truck while the other four were fatally stabbed. According to police and hospital officials, six of the seven who were killed were men, including Kazunori Fujino and his friend Takahiro Kamaguchi (both 19), Katsuhiko Nakamura (74), Naoki Miyamoto (31), Mitsuru Matsui (33), and Kasuhiro Koiwa (47). A woman, Mai Mutō

"Sakae Ōsugi"
February 1916. In 1916, Ichiko stabbed him in an incident that led to an open scandal and has been a source for popular culture (see a calendar with a drawing of it, lower left corner, in ) and was the inspiration for the film ""Eros + Massacre"", by Yoshishige Yoshida and Masahiro Yamada (1969). On September 16, 1923, in the chaos immediately following the Great Kantō earthquake, Ōsugi and his lover/partner, Noe Itō, and his 6-year-old nephew, Munekazu Tachibana, were arrested, beaten to death, and thrown into a well by a squad of military police led by Lieutenant Amakasu Masahiko.

out of extremely rare materials as well as legendary animals called . The power of the Teigu is so overwhelming that it is said that when two Teigu users fight each other, one of them is bound to die. Although Night Raid successfully assassinate some of Honest's cohorts, they lose Sheele during a fight against capital garrison member Seryu and then Bulat when Honest recruits the Empire's sadist general Esdeath and her Three Beasts. Tatsumi receives Bulat's Teigu, Incursio, as a result while Esdeath replaced her slain subordinates with a group of Teigu-using warriors called the Jaegers. Night Raid, along

"Murder of Rie Isogai"
to kill her immediately. Despite her desperate pleas for her life, at about 1:00 a.m., Kanda wrapped packing tape around her head to smother her and, seeing her still alive, bludgeoned her head with a hammer approximately thirty times, while Hori and Kawagishi choked her with a rope. After killing her, the three men dumped the victim's body in a forest in Mizunami, Gifu Prefecture at around 4:00 a.m., and tried to withdraw money from her bank account at an ATM in a convenience store, only to find that she had told them the wrong PIN. Disappointed after failing to

"Hiroyasu Koga"
Hiroyasu Koga Hiroyasu Koga ( ""Koga Hiroyasu"", born 15 August 1947) is a former Tatenokai member and kaishakunin responsible for the decapitations of Yukio Mishima and Masakatsu Morita during their ""seppuku"" on November 25, 1970. He studied law at Kanagawa University, and intended to become a lawyer. Koga, known by the nickname Furu-Koga (distinguishing him from another Tatenokai member named Masayoshi Koga who was in turn nicknamed Chibi-Koga, ), was a skilled practitioner of kendo (swordsmanship). It was originally planned that Mishima would be decapitated by Masakatsu Morita, the Tatenokai's student leader; however, Morita was not trained in the sword

"Christmas with the Kranks"
Christmas with the Kranks Christmas with the Kranks is a 2004 American Christmas comedy film based on the 2001 novel ""Skipping Christmas"" by John Grisham. It was directed by Joe Roth and written and produced by Chris Columbus. It stars Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis as a couple who decide to skip Christmas one year since their daughter is away, much to the chagrin of their neighbors. This was Tom Poston's final film before his death in 2007. After Riverside, Illinois couple Luther (Tim Allen) and Nora Krank (Jamie Lee Curtis) see their daughter, Blair (Julie Gonzalo), depart for

"Mary Christmas (film)"
Mary Christmas (film) Mary Christmas is a 2002 American Christmas movie written by Stanley M. Brooks and Betty G. Birney. It was directed by and stars John Schneider. Joel Wallace (Schneider), is a widower raising a daughter, Felice (Jenna Boyd). In her Christmas letter to Santa Claus, Felice wishes for a new mother for Christmas. The letter is intercepted by a local news producer who cancels reporter Mary Maloney's vacation and sends her to investigate the Wallace family as a human interest story. Most of the movie deals with Joel's searching for a new wife that will be Felice's mother.

be available for other movies, TV series and commercials to use. However, due to both health complaints from the locals over toxic residues and a lack of profit, the studio closed in 2012 and was razed to build a mall. The scenes involving Nora Krank's excursion to the supermarket to procure a ""Mel's Hickory Honey Ham"" were filmed at Cordons Ranch Market, located at 2931 Honolulu Ave, Glendale, California. Susie DeSanto handled the costume design of ""Christmas with the Kranks"". According to DeSanto, ""I was looking for a project that was really textural, and maybe a bit nostalgic. I saw

"Mary Steenburgen"
who is having an affair with the title character (played by Johnny Depp); the role of Hannah Nixon in the Oliver Stone biopic, ""Nixon"" (1995); and in the Will Ferrell 2003 comedy ""Elf,"" as a woman who discovers that her husband is the father of one of Santa's elves. She has appeared in the comedy films ""Step Brothers"" (2008), starring Will Ferrell, playing the mother of Ferrell's character; ""Four Christmases"" (2008) opposite Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon; and ""The Proposal"" (2009) opposite Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds. ""Dirty Girl,"" which features Steenburgen along with Juno Temple, Milla Jovovich and William

"Kate McKinnon"
Kate McKinnon Kathryn McKinnon Berthold (born January 6, 1984), known professionally as Kate McKinnon, is an American actress and comedian. She is widely known as a regular cast member on ""The Big Gay Sketch Show"" (2007–2010) and ""Saturday Night Live"" (2012–present). She is also known for her film roles as Dr. Jillian Holtzmann in the supernatural comedy ""Ghostbusters"" (2016), Mary Winetoss in the comedy ""Office Christmas Party"" (2016), Pippa in the comedy ""Rough Night"" (2017), and Morgan in the action comedy ""The Spy Who Dumped Me"" (2018). McKinnon is known for her character work and celebrity impressions of pop singer

on 3,393 screens, ranking #3 behind ""National Treasure"" and ""The Incredibles"". It eventually grossed $96,572,480 worldwide. Christmas with the Kranks Christmas with the Kranks is a 2004 American Christmas comedy film based on the 2001 novel ""Skipping Christmas"" by John Grisham. It was directed by Joe Roth and written and produced by Chris Columbus. It stars Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis as a couple who decide to skip Christmas one year since their daughter is away, much to the chagrin of their neighbors. This was Tom Poston's final film before his death in 2007. After Riverside, Illinois couple Luther

"Deanna Milligan"
Deanna Milligan Deanna Milligan (born 1972) is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in numerous Canadian and U.S. films and television shows. She had a major role playing Dave Thomas' daughter in ""The Beachcombers"" made for TV movies: ""The New Beachcombers"" and ""A Beachcombers Christmas"". She was the mystery woman in the Canadian independent short film ""Shoes Off!"". She also costarred in the A&E TV movie ""Karroll's Christmas"" playing the girlfriend to Tom Everett Scott. Milligan also played the assistant to Santa Claus in the film ""Must Be Santa"". She was a regular on two short lived television shows: ""Northwood"",

have always had a real soft spot for the bizarreness of quantum mechanics."" Kate McKinnon Kathryn McKinnon Berthold (born January 6, 1984), known professionally as Kate McKinnon, is an American actress and comedian. She is widely known as a regular cast member on ""The Big Gay Sketch Show"" (2007–2010) and ""Saturday Night Live"" (2012–present). She is also known for her film roles as Dr. Jillian Holtzmann in the supernatural comedy ""Ghostbusters"" (2016), Mary Winetoss in the comedy ""Office Christmas Party"" (2016), Pippa in the comedy ""Rough Night"" (2017), and Morgan in the action comedy ""The Spy Who Dumped Me"" (2018).

are neighbors Vic Frohmeyer (Dan Aykroyd) and Walt Scheel (M. Emmet Walsh). Vic, who's the unelected leader of the street, organizes a campaign to force the Kranks to decorate their home so Hemlock Street won't lose the coveted award for best decorations. Vic has political and bureaucratic connections in Chicago. Walt doesn't seem to like Luther, so his efforts are primarily personal. However, it is revealed that Walt's wife Bev is suffering from cancer, perhaps dampening his holiday spirits. Children picket, led by Vic's son Spike (Erik Per Sullivan), neighbors constantly call, and Christmas carolers try to revive the Kranks'

"Sister Mary (film)"
Sister Mary (film) Sister Mary is a 2011 American comedy musical film directed and written by Scott Grenke and starring Ant, James Vallo, Bruce Vilanch, Judy Tenuta, Sean Paul Lockhart and Shawn Quinlan. Homophobic detective Mark Rima (James Vallo) must ""partner"" up with flamboyant gay detective Chris Riant (Shawn Quinlan) to stop a serial killing Nun (Judy Tenuta) from killing 5 band members otherwise known as ""The Ex Choir Boys."" When it is determined that the detectives can't solve the case on their own, expert F.B.I. profiler Agent Peccant (Ant) is assigned to the case. As the details of the

is by Japanese rock band Good Morning America. The second ending theme song for episodes 13 to 25 is by the group Key Talk. The singer for Funimation's English dub is Professor Shyguy. The third ending song for episodes 26 to 36 is by the band Lacco Tower. The fourth ending theme song for episodes 37 to 49 is ""Forever Dreaming"" by Czecho No Republic. The fifth ending theme song for episodes 50 to 59 is by idol group Batten Showjo Tai. The sixth ending theme song for episodes 60 to 72 is by Arukara. The seventh ending theme song

drawing the storyboard and filling in the details in between himself. He sends the storyboard to Toriyama for review; Toriyama then edits the initial draft, making dialogue and art changes (occasionally drawing his own pages as a model), before sending it back to Toyotaro, who illustrates the final draft and sends it to Shueisha for publication. It began serialization in the August 2015 issue of ""V Jump"", which was released on June 20, 2015. In November 2018, the manga surpassed the anime and began telling an original story. Shueisha began collecting the chapters into ""tankōbon"" volumes with the first published

episode aired on December 17, 2016. Production on the Bang Zoom! dub ended after episode 27. On November 4, 2016, Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to ""Dragon Ball Super"" and would be producing an English dub, with many cast members of their previous English-language releases of ""Dragon Ball"" media reprising their respective roles. As well as officially announcing the dub, it was also announced they would be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform, ""FunimationNow"". On December 7, 2016, IGN reported that the Funimation English dub of ""Dragon Ball Super"" would air on Adult Swim Saturdays at 8

"Marceline the Vampire Queen"
in the margin that said 'Come on!' with a big exclamation point. That was the only note. I can’t argue with that."" Marceline the Vampire Queen Marceline the Vampire Queen is a fictional character in the American animated Cartoon Network television series ""Adventure Time"", created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman. Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen, as well as a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-axe. The artistic design for

Marceline the Vampire Queen Marceline the Vampire Queen is a fictional character in the American animated Cartoon Network television series ""Adventure Time"", created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman. Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen, as well as a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-axe. The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, former lead character and prop designer for ""Adventure

"Kath Soucie"
""The Incredible Journey of Doctor Meg Laurel"". However, she soon experienced disappointment with the physical restrictions of on-camera acting. In 1986 came her first voice-over job, for three different girls on """". Having started her voice acting career, the following year, Soucie played Janine Melnitz on ""The Real Ghostbusters"", taking over the role from Laura Summer. Kath Soucie Katherine Ellen Soucie () is an American actress and voice actress known for playing Linka in ""Captain Planet and the Planeteers"", Lola Bunny in ""Space Jam"", Fifi La Fume in ""Tiny Toon Adventures"", Dexter's Mom in ""Dexter's Laboratory"", Maddie Fenton in ""Danny

"Susan Glover"
Susan Glover Susan Glover (born January 14, 1957) is a Canadian actress, best known for playing Sarah in ""Naked Josh"". She is also known for voicing Miss Woods in ""Arthur"", Izabella Dehavalot in ""Amazon Jack"", Mrs. Schuman in ""Spaced Out"", Mrs. Larkin in ""What's With Andy?"" (2003–2007), Tubby's mom in ""The Little Lulu Show"", Lucille in ""Samurai Pizza Cats"", General Jinjur in the 1986 anime ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"" and Miss Dalee in ""My Goldfish is Evil"". She also played Ms. Noelle Atoll on the television series ""Radio Active"" and has made appearances in several films, specials, and television

"Olivia Olson"
in the ""Steven Universe"" mini-episode ""Gem Karaoke"", released on October 3, 2016. She appears at Comic-Cons and pop conventions around the world with other cast members from her shows. Olson's latest album 'Nowhere Land' debuted June 22, 2018. She worked with K-pop producers Kairos Music Group and producer/singer/songwriter John Defeo on the project. Olivia Olson Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress and singer-songwriter, mostly known for her voice roles as Vanessa Doofenshmirtz in ""Phineas and Ferb"" and Marceline the Vampire Queen in ""Adventure Time"". She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 film

"Nadine van der Velde"
Nadine van der Velde Nadine van der Velde (born May 14, 1962) is a Canadian American actress, producer and writer. She is a 3 time Emmy award winner, two-time Annie Award winner and a recipient of a Humanitas Award. Nadine was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is fluent in French. She made her film debut in 1983 in the film ""Private School"". She later starred in the 1986 comedy horror ""Critters"" and 1987 film ""Munchies"". Her acting credits include several TV series including: ""Silver Spoons"", ""Otherworld"", ""The New Alfred Hitchcock Presents"" and JAG"". Nadine has executive produced, story edited

team won a Daytime Emmy for Music Direction and Composition. Nadine van der Velde Nadine van der Velde (born May 14, 1962) is a Canadian American actress, producer and writer. She is a 3 time Emmy award winner, two-time Annie Award winner and a recipient of a Humanitas Award. Nadine was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is fluent in French. She made her film debut in 1983 in the film ""Private School"". She later starred in the 1986 comedy horror ""Critters"" and 1987 film ""Munchies"". Her acting credits include several TV series including: ""Silver Spoons"", ""Otherworld"", ""The New Alfred

Olivia Olson Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress and singer-songwriter, mostly known for her voice roles as Vanessa Doofenshmirtz in ""Phineas and Ferb"" and Marceline the Vampire Queen in ""Adventure Time"". She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 film ""Love Actually"" and its 2017 short sequel ""Red Nose Day Actually"". Olson is also a writer, contributing a section to the best-seller ""Adventure Time Encyclopedia"" and an upcoming book for Cartoon Network. Olson has appeared as a singer and actress on television shows and in live theatre, including Comedy Central Stage, the HBO

artist leaves a little bit of their own taste and sensibilities in what they draw."" Marceline is voiced by Olivia Olson. When production on ""Adventure Time"" began, Ward contacted his friend Martin Olson, who was a writer on the animated Disney series ""Phineas and Ferb"", and asked if he knew who played the character Vanessa Doofenshmirtz on ""Phineas and Ferb"", as he wanted ""her as a voice"" on his show; reportedly, Ward was unaware that the actress was actually Martin Olson's daughter. During the casting audition, Olivia Olson first read for Princess Bubblegum, but was later asked to read for

"Françoise Blanchard"
Françoise Blanchard Françoise Blanchard (6 June 1954 – 29 May 2013) was a French actress. Her most notable work is that of her role in the 1982 French film ""La morte vivante"", directed by Jean Rollin. Blanchard had collaborated with Rollin on several occasions in films ""Les trottoirs de Bangkok"" (1984), ""À la poursuite de Barbara"" (1991) and ""La nuit des horloges"" (2007). She had worked frequently with directors Richard Balducci and Jesús Franco. She was also known for her work as a voice artist, having dubbed several animated television series including ""Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"" and ""Totally Spies!"" Blanchard's

"Masters (snooker)"
of two or three wild-card places in tournaments held between 1990 and 2010. Ronnie O'Sullivan holds the record for the most Masters titles, having won the tournament seven times. Stephen Hendry has won six titles, Cliff Thorburn, Steve Davis, Mark Selby, and Paul Hunter three, and Alex Higgins, Mark Williams and John Higgins two. In 2016, the Masters trophy was renamed the Paul Hunter Trophy in honour of the three-time champion, who died in 2006, aged 27. The oldest champion in Masters history is Ray Reardon, who won the title in 1976 aged 43 years and 114 days. The youngest

Jack Burke, Jr. in 1956, and Zach Johnson in 2007. Anthony Kim holds the record for most birdies in a round with 11 in 2009 during his second round. There have been only four double eagles carded in the history of the Masters; the latest was by a contender in the fourth round in 2012. In the penultimate pairing with eventual champion Bubba Watson, Louis Oosthuizen's downhill 4 iron from the fairway made the left side of the green at the par-5 second hole, called ""Pink Dogwood"", rolled downhill, and in. The other two rare occurrences of this feat after

non-American to win the Masters in 1961, beating Palmer, the defending champion. In 1974, he won again by two strokes. After not winning a tournament on the U.S. PGA tour for nearly four years, and at the age of 42, Player won his third and final Masters in 1978 by one stroke over three players. Player currently shares (with Fred Couples) the record of making 23 consecutive cuts, and has played in a record 52 Masters. A controversial ending to the Masters occurred in 1968. Roberto De Vicenzo signed a scorecard (scored by playing partner Tommy Aaron) which incorrectly showed

wild boar, and Vijay Singh's seafood tom kah and chicken panang curry. In 1997, 1979 champion Fuzzy Zoeller created a media storm when he suggested that Tiger Woods refrain from serving collard greens and fried chicken, dishes commonly associated with Afro-American culture, at the dinner. The 2011 dinner of Phil Mickelson was a Spanish-themed menu in hopes that Seve Ballesteros would attend, but he was too sick to attend and died weeks later. Until 1983, all players in the Masters were required to use the services of an Augusta National Club caddie, who by club tradition was always an African

"Eagle Creek Fire"
Eagle Creek Fire The Eagle Creek Fire was a destructive wildfire in the Columbia River Gorge in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. The fire was started on September 2, 2017, by a 15-year-old boy igniting fireworks during a burn ban. The fire burned 50,000 acres, and burned for three months, before being declared completely contained. As of May 29, 2018 it was found still smoldering in some areas. In mid-September 2017, highway closures and local evacuations were gradually being lifted. By September 28, 2017, the fire had consumed and was 46% contained. In late October, fire growth was

slowed by rain. On November 30, 2017, the fire was declared fully contained but not yet completely out. As of August 2018, the Historic Columbia River Highway remains closed from Bridal Veil to Ainsworth State Park, a section providing access to many popular scenic destinations such as Multnomah Falls. On September 5, Oregon State Police announced that it had identified the person suspected of starting the wildfire, through the use of fireworks that were illegally set off, as a 15-year-old boy from Vancouver, Washington. A witness reported seeing a group of teenagers recording the fireworks being lit and thrown into

Marshal, more than $1 million to Union Pacific Railroad and varying amounts to Oregon State Parks, Allstate Insurance and a woman who lost her home in the fire. In his sentencing, Judge John A Olsen stated that the terms of the repayment were for a payment plan lasting for ten years, provided that the offender completed five years of probation and did not commit any crimes in the ten-year period. The Eagle Creek Fire was reported on September 2 at 4:00 PM in the Columbia River Gorge. By the morning of September 3, the fire had grown to . On

"Eagle Creek Upper Falls"
Falls. On September 2, 2017, a wildfire started in Eagle Creek, affecting 45% of its forest, mainly the surface level. Before this there had never been a major fire affecting Eagle Creek land. Fortunately, the trails and campground were not disturbed. With the Eagle Creek fire on the news in September, the creek had more attention and exposure drawn to it, which may increase the amount of visitors. The Eagle Creek Fire is an ongoing wildfire in the Columbia River Gorge in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. The fire was started on September 2, 2017, reportedly caused by

September 5, the fire hopped over the Columbia River into Washington state, near Archer Mountain. The fire trapped 153 hikers and forced them to stay overnight six miles up the trail, trapped on the other side by the Indian Creek Fire. The first rescuer, a Forest Service ranger named Sharon, reached the hikers around 10 p.m. An attempt to drop supplies to the hikers, and to airlift out the youngest children, was aborted because the narrow terrain and night made the maneuver too hazardous. The hikers—who generally had been on a hot summer day hike—huddled together and tried to sleep

historic structures in the Eagle Creek Day Use Area, specifically those built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The fire also threatened the Multnomah Falls Lodge, which was saved by water tenders. As of September 27, the Eagle Creek Fire had burned and was 46% contained. Rainfall during previous days had significantly contained and newly downgraded the fire. The Incident Command Post was relocated from Hood River County Fairgrounds to the Best Western Columbia River Inn in Cascade Locks. In the early hours of September 6, the Eagle Creek Fire merged with the Indian Creek Fire. Fire officials

Eagle Creek Canyon. It was announced on September 8 that Oregon State Police had obtained cellphone video footage from one of the teenagers who had watched while a 15-year-old Vancouver boy threw a smoking firecracker, allegedly igniting the Eagle Creek Fire. Public Information Officer Capt. Bill Fugate says ""the video will be released through the public records request process once the investigation is closed and the case is adjudicated, if charges are filed"", reported ""Willamette Week"". The teen was sentenced in February 2018 to five years of probation and 1,920 hours of community service with the U.S. Forest Service. He

also was ordered to write apology letters to 152 people trapped on the Eagle Creek trail because of the spreading flames, the city of Cascade Locks, the Forest Service, Oregon State Parks, the Oregon Department of Transportation, the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, the Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission and many others. On May 21, 2018, a judge ordered the 15-year old to pay more than $36 million in restitution, which includes more than $21 million on behalf of the U.S. Forest Service, $12.5 million to the Oregon Department of Transportation, more than $1.6 million to the Oregon State Fire

on the bare ground while the sky glowed red. Several additional staff from the Forest Service arrived overnight with welcome space blankets and some provisions. The next morning, Pacific Northwest Search and Rescue, along with Mountain Wave Search and Rescue, escorted the hikers out to Wahtum Lake and bussed them back to the Eagle Creek Trailhead. The community of Cascade Locks, Oregon was the first to experience mandatory evacuations, with 283 structures, including 15 businesses, being threatened by the fire. Salmon hatcheries at Cascade Locks were forced to release 600,000 fish six months earlier than expected. The fire also threatened

Meanwhile, in Skamania County, Washington, there were mandatory evacuations for Archer Mountain Road, Smith Crops and Deville Road. Mabee Mines Road was also at a ""Get Set"" evacuation level at that time. As of September 9, 2017, the Oregon State Fire Marshal (OSFM) task force was on alert for potential evacuation of Lost Lake and Mitchell Point. On November 3, 2017, the U.S. Forest Service listed an ""Estimated Containment Date"" for the Eagle Creek Fire of November 30. On November 30, 2017, the fire was declared 100 percent contained but not yet completely out. Eagle Creek Fire The Eagle Creek

"Remittance man"
Remittance man A remittance man is a historic term for an emigrant, often from Britain to a colony, supported by regular payments from home, on the expectation that he stay away. Note that in this context, money is being sent in the opposite direction to today's usual usage of the term remittance, which means money that migrants send to their countries of origin. ""Remittance man"" is defined in ""The Canadian Encyclopedia"" as ""a term once widely used, especially in the West before WWI, for an immigrant living in Canada on funds remitted by his family in England, usually to ensure

"Cultural remittances"
resistance. Cultural remittances In anthropology, Cultural remittances are the ensembles of ideas, values, and expressive forms introduced into societies of origin by emigrants and their families as they return home, sometimes for the first time, temporary visits, or permanent resettlement. The term, which has been summarized as ""product sent back"", developed in the early 2000s, is also used to describe ""the way that migrants own and build homes in the country of origin."" Monetary remittances are the transfer of money from migrant workers in a host country to a developing country through various financial institutions such as Western Union, Banco

Cultural remittances In anthropology, Cultural remittances are the ensembles of ideas, values, and expressive forms introduced into societies of origin by emigrants and their families as they return home, sometimes for the first time, temporary visits, or permanent resettlement. The term, which has been summarized as ""product sent back"", developed in the early 2000s, is also used to describe ""the way that migrants own and build homes in the country of origin."" Monetary remittances are the transfer of money from migrant workers in a host country to a developing country through various financial institutions such as Western Union, Banco Agricola,

"Gifting remittances"
Gifting remittances ""Gifting remittances"" describes a range of scholarly approaches relating remittances to anthropological literature on gift giving. The terms draws on Lisa Cliggett’s “gift remitting,” but is used to describe a wider body of work. Broadly speaking, remittances are the money, goods, services, and knowledge that migrants send back to their home communities or families. Remittances are typically considered as the economic transactions from migrants to those at home. While remittances are also a subject of international development and policy debate and sociological and economic literature, this article focuses on ties with literature on gifting and reciprocity or gift

back to 1750. Within Victorian British culture, a remittance man was usually the black sheep of an upper or middle-class family who was sent away (from the United Kingdom to the Empire), and paid to stay away. These men were generally of dissolute or drunken character, and may have been sent overseas after one or more disgraces at home. Historian Monica Rico describes in ""Nature's Noblemen: Transatlantic Masculinities and the Nineteenth-Century American West"" (2013) how the figure emerged in the 1880s: ""Unable to succeed in Britain [...] the remittance man represented the utter failure of elite British masculinity to function

Tribute
Tribute A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/) (from Latin ""tributum"", contribution) is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of land which the state conquered or otherwise threatened to conquer. In case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance and often in order to finance projects that benefited both parties. To be called ""tribute"" a recognition by the payer of political submission to the payee

"Indian giver"
Indian giver ""Indian giver"" is an American expression, used to describe a person who gives a ""gift"" and later wants it back, or who expects something of equivalent worth in return for the item. It is based on cultural misunderstandings that took place between early European explorers (like Lewis and Clark) and the Indigenous people with whom they traded. Often the Europeans would view an exchange of items as gifting, believing they owed nothing in return to the Natives who were generous with them, while the Indigenous people saw the exchange as a form of trade or equal exchange, so

Tribute
later also applied by the Spanish empire to their territories in the New World. Modern elements of tribute are restricted to highly formal and ceremonial rituals, such as formal gifts being given to prove either fealty or loyalty upon the inauguration of a president, a wedding of a president's child while the president is in office, or the accession or the marriage of a member of a royal family. Tribute A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/) (from Latin ""tributum"", contribution) is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in

Remittance
home and host countries in a temporary and repetitive manner. At the state level, countries with diversified migration destinations are likely to have more sustainable remittance flows. From a macroeconomic perspective, there is no conclusive relationship between remittances and GDP growth. While remittances can boost aggregate demand and thereby spur economic activity, other research indicates that remittances may also have adverse macroeconomic impacts by increasing income inequality and reducing labour supply among recipient countries. The World Bank and the Bank for International Settlements have developed international standards for remittance services. Remittance A remittance is a transfer of money by a

Repatriation
Repatriation Repatriation is the process of returning an asset, an item of symbolic value or a personvoluntarily or forciblyto its owner or their place of origin or citizenship. The term may refer to non-human entities, such as converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country, as well as to the process of returning military personnel to their place of origin following a war. It also applies to diplomatic envoys, international officials as well as expatriates and migrants in time of international crisis. For refugees, asylum seekers and illegal migrants, repatriation can mean either voluntary return or deportation.

"Ash vs Evil Dead"
Starz renewed it for a second season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On October 7, 2016, while at the New York Comic Con, Starz announced that the series had been renewed for a third season, which premiered on February 25, 2018. On April 20, 2018, it was announced that the series had been cancelled after three seasons. The series is set approximately 30 years after the first three ""Evil Dead"" films, and serves as a sequel to that trilogy. Ash Williams works at the ""Value Stop"" as a simple stock boy. Also working at the store is his friend

to deliver even more grisly, action-packed thrills and laughs."" On Metacritic, the season has a rating of 82 out of 100, based on 5 reviews, indicating ""universal acclaim."" Subscribers to Starz can stream episodes of the show on Amazon Video. Season two is not yet available for purchase or rental on Amazon without a Starz account. On August 23, 2016, Anchor Bay Entertainment released the first season of the series on Blu-ray and DVD. The second season hit home media in the fall of 2017. The third and final season hit home media in August of 2018. On December 11,

in mid-2016, producer Robert Tapert stated that the rights issue had been solved and that references to ""Army of Darkness"" would appear from season two onward. It was announced on April 20, 2018 that ""Ash vs Evil Dead"" had been cancelled after a three-season run, with the last episode airing on April 29, 2018. Towards the end of the third season, ratings had declined from the initial 437,000 same-day viewers of the first season to around 175,000 non-DVR viewers. According to ""Variety"", at the time of the eighth episode of the third season's airing, the show averaged a 0.08 rating

Ruby, a mysterious figure who's on a quest to stop the evil outbreak and believes that Ash is the one who's the cause of it. In April 2015, Starz released a new graphic teaser advertising the TV show is coming in the fall of 2015, along with a new poster for the series. Filming commenced in Auckland, New Zealand later that month. Due to legal issues with Universal Pictures, the events from ""Army of Darkness"" could not specifically be mentioned in the first season. In April 2015, the producers made it clear that they wanted to resolve the issue, and

""True to the movies that spawned it, ""Ash vs Evil Dead"" is a gory, hilarious, and audacious resurrection of Sam Raimi's beloved horror franchise."" Metacritic gave the season a rating of 75 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews."" The second season has received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 100%, based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus currently reads, """"Ash vs. Evil Dead""s sophomore season proves the show is in command of its characters and tone, turning up the gore, fun, and energy

"Evil Dead"
(30 episodes) before it was cancelled by Starz in April 2018. Following the series' cancellation, Bruce Campbell announced he was officially retired from playing Ash. List indicator(s) There have been seven ""Evil Dead"" video games: Ash Williams also appears as a playable character -along with Kelly and Pablo, from the Ash Vs. Evil Dead TV series- on 'Deploy and Destroy', a competitive multiplayer FPS available for iOS and Android, and also as a non-playable character in Telltale Games' game ""Poker Night 2"". In 1992, Dark Horse Comics produced a mini-series adaptation of ""Army of Darkness"" adapted and illustrated by John

Ash vs Evil Dead Ash vs Evil Dead is an American comedy horror television series developed by Sam Raimi, Ivan Raimi, and Tom Spezialy for the Starz network filmed in New Zealand. It is set in Raimi's ""Evil Dead"" universe, with Bruce Campbell reprising his role as Ash Williams, and acts as a sequel to the original trilogy. Ray Santiago, Dana DeLorenzo, and Lucy Lawless also star. The series is executive produced by Campbell, Raimi, Craig DiGregorio, and Robert Tapert, who produced all four ""Evil Dead"" films. The series premiered on October 31, 2015. Three days before the series' premiere,

was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on February 10, 2009. The series stars Bruce Campbell reprising his role as an older Ash Williams with a supporting cast that includes Lucy Lawless, Ray Santiago, Dana DeLorenzo, and Jill Marie Jones. The 10-episode series is executive produced by Campbell, Sam Raimi, and Rob Tapert. It premiered on Starz on October 31, 2015. ""Ash vs Evil Dead"" proved to be a critically well-received television show, earning a 98% from Rotten Tomatoes. Four days before its premiere, the show was picked up for a second 10-episode season. The series lasted for three seasons

"Army of Darkness"
in the sequel. Fede Alvarez posted a status update on his Twitter account that Raimi will direct the sequel. Campbell later commented that the rumor about him returning is false. In July 2014, Campbell stated it was likely the planned sequel would instead be a TV series with him as the star. The ten-episode season of ""Ash vs Evil Dead"" premiered on Starz on October 31, 2015, with the pilot co-written and directed by Sam Raimi. Due to legal issues with Universal, the events from ""Army of Darkness"" could not specifically be mentioned in the first season. In addition to

from the STARZ Original Series"" would be released by Varèse Sarabande digitally on December 11, 2015 and via audio CD on December 18, 2015. The following are the tracks that are on that album: Furthermore, in the season two finale, a marching band plays Victory for MSU, the official fight song of Michigan State University, where Raimi and Tapert attended college. The first season of ""Ash vs Evil Dead"" has received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 98% ""Certified Fresh"" rating based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reading:

"Music of Red Dead Redemption"
Music of Red Dead Redemption The music for the 2010 action-adventure western video game ""Red Dead Redemption"", developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games, was composed by musicians Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. Recorded at Jackson's studio in Los Angeles, the soundtracks were produced by David Holmes. The music was intended to imitate soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the ""Dollars Trilogy"". In collaboration with each other, Elm and Jackson produced over fourteen hours of music across fifteen months. The composers used unconventional instruments to create unique sounds, and worked with artists

fifteen months. The original score and subsequent album were both recorded and mixed at Jackson's personal recording studio in Los Angeles, and mastered at Capitol Studios. Following the recording, Irish producer and composer David Holmes listened to the original score, and subsequently spent three weeks compiling fifteen instrumental tracks that could be used as standalone songs for the game's official soundtrack. Holmes attempted to make the soundtrack representative of the variety of sounds and moods in the game. Four vocal performances were also recorded for use in the soundtrack. Recorded at 130 beats per minute in A minor, most of

researching music for inspiration, Jackson found that there was no ""Western sound"" in 1911; he felt that the soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the ""Dollars Trilogy"", was more representative of Western music. In appropriating the score to the game's setting, Elm commented that the process was initially ""daunting"", taking a long time to discover how the music was to work in an interactive way. Red Dead Redemption Original Soundtrack comprises songs from the game, composed and produced by Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. The soundtrack spans twenty tracks, covering a duration of 75 minutes,

songs featured are constructed from motifs in the game's dynamic soundtrack. A mix of modern instruments and those featured in traditional Western films, such as the jaw harp, were used. Creative uses of instruments were used to bring unique sounds, such as playing a trumpet onto the surface of a timpani drum. Rockstar also consulted musicians who played traditional Western instruments; harmonica player Tommy Morgan, who had been featured on several films over his 60-year career, provided traditional harmonica segments for the game. Beyond trumpets, nylon guitars and accordions, the composers incorporated other instruments, such as flutes and ocarinas. When

game has led to numerous cover versions of the music being released by various artists, such as musician Ben ""Squid Physics"" Morfitt, and artist María Katt. Notes Footnotes Music of Red Dead Redemption The music for the 2010 action-adventure western video game ""Red Dead Redemption"", developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games, was composed by musicians Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. Recorded at Jackson's studio in Los Angeles, the soundtracks were produced by David Holmes. The music was intended to imitate soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the ""Dollars Trilogy"". In collaboration

spent three weeks compiling fifteen instrumental tracks that could be used as standalone songs for the game's official soundtrack. Holmes attempted to make the soundtrack representative of the variety of sounds and moods in the game. Four vocal performances were also recorded for use in the soundtrack. Recorded at 130 beats per minute in A minor, most of songs featured are constructed from stems in the game's dynamic soundtrack. A mix of modern instruments and those featured in traditional Western films, such as the jaw harp, were used. Creative uses of instruments were used to bring unique sounds, such as

controls John Marston and completes missions, linear scenarios with set objectives, to progress through the story. Outside of missions, players may freely roam the open world. The player can interact with the environment and engage in combat with enemies, using various firearms. Different breeds of horses are the main forms of transportation, each with different attributes. These horses must be tamed in order to use them. The player can utilize trains for quick travelling, but they can also stop the train by threatening or killing the passengers or driver. The game's undeveloped land makes up the largest portion of the

an original score. Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich has cited the large scale of the game as one of the largest difficulties when producing the score. He said that, in order to achieve an effective gaming experience, the game could not solely feature licensed music, like previous Rockstar games. ""We figured we'd need to write an original score,"" Pavlovich said. To work on the score, Rockstar engaged Bill Elm and Woody Jackson, member and former member of Friends of Dean Martinez, respectively. In collaboration with each other, the duo composed over fourteen hours of music, which scores the game's missions, across

"United States Secretary of Homeland Security"
Homeland Security is Kirstjen Nielsen following the appointment of the then-incumbent secretary, John F. Kelly, to the post of White House Chief of Staff by President Donald Trump. It was announced on October 12, 2017, that Kirstjen Nielsen was nominated as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security by President Donald Trump. She was confirmed by the Senate on December 5, 2017. Traditionally, the order of the presidential line of succession is determined (after the Vice President, Speaker of the House, and President pro tempore of the Senate) by the order of the creation of the cabinet positions, and the

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (which includes Homeland Security Investigations), the Secret Service, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). It did not, however, include the FBI or the CIA. On January 20, 2009, the Senate confirmed Barack Obama's appointment of Janet Napolitano to be the third Secretary of Homeland Security, effective January 21, 2009. Napolitano resigned effective August 2013 to head the University of California. On October 17, President Obama announced his intention to nominate former General Counsel of the Department of Defense Jeh Johnson, and on December 16, the US Senate confirmed the nomination. The current Secretary of

"United States Department of Homeland Security"
the re-election of President Bush. Bush initially nominated former New York City Police Department commissioner Bernard Kerik as his successor, but on December 10, Kerik withdrew his nomination, citing personal reasons and saying it ""would not be in the best interests"" of the country for him to pursue the post. On January 11, 2005, President Bush nominated federal judge Michael Chertoff to succeed Ridge. Chertoff was confirmed on February 15, 2005, by a vote of 98–0 in the U.S. Senate. He was sworn in the same day. In February 2005, DHS and the Office of Personnel Management issued rules relating

"Elaine Duke"
Elaine Duke Elaine Costanzo Duke (born June 26, 1958) is an American civil servant and former United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from April 10, 2017 until April 15, 2018. She became acting Secretary of Homeland Security on July 31, 2017, when John F. Kelly assumed the office of White House Chief of Staff. She left the acting position on December 6, 2017, upon the confirmation of Kirstjen Nielsen. The daughter of Francesco (Frank) Costanzo Duke and Concetta Scherma, Duke is a native of Ohio. Her maternal grandparents (Scherma) emigrated from Aidone, Sicily and her Costanzo family roots

nominated Bernard Kerik for the position in 2004. However a week later, Kerik withdrew his nomination, explaining that he had employed an illegal immigrant as a nanny. By July 2013, Raymond Kelly had served as Commissioner of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) for nearly 12 straight years. Within days of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano's announcement that she was resigning, Kelly was soon cited as an obvious potential successor by New York Senator Charles Schumer and others. During a July 16, 2013, interview, President Obama referred generally to the ""bunch of strong candidates"" for nomination to head the

after the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy. The former Secretary, John F. Kelly, was replaced by Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen on December 5, 2017. Whereas the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic

"United States Secretary of Health and Human Services"
Health and Director of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, as acting Secretary until Deputy Secretary Eric Hargan was sworn in on October 10, 2017. On November 13, 2017, Trump nominated former pharmaceutical executive Alex Azar to fill the position permanently. Azar's confirmation hearing before the Senate Finance Committee took place on January 9, 2018, and on January 24, 2018, Azar was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 55 to 43. Azar was sworn in on January 29, 2018. The duties of the secretary revolve around human conditions and concerns in the United States. This

year 2008 appropriations bill for DHS provided no funding for the proposed new personnel system. DHS announced in early 2007 that it was retooling its pay and performance system and retiring the name ""MaxHR"". In a February 2008 court filing, DHS said that it would no longer pursue the new rules, and that it would abide by the existing civil service labor-management procedures. A federal court issued an order closing the case. On November 16, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018, which elevated the mission of the former-DHS National Protection and

"Kirstjen Nielsen"
Kirstjen Nielsen Kirstjen Michele Nielsen (born May 14, 1972) is an American attorney and national security expert serving since 2017 as the sixth and current United States Secretary of Homeland Security. Nielsen is a former Principal Deputy White House Chief of Staff to President Donald Trump, and was Chief of Staff to John F. Kelly during his term as Secretary of Homeland Security. She was confirmed on December 5, 2017, as the Secretary of Homeland Security. Following her appointment, Nielsen implemented a policy of separating parents and children accused of crossing over the U.S.–Mexico border illegally. Kirstjen Michele Nielsen was

list as mandated under follows this tradition. On March 7, 2006, 43rd President George W. Bush signed as , which renewed the still controversial Patriot Act of 2001 and amended the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 to include the newly created Presidential Cabinet position of Secretary of Homeland Security in the line of succession after the previously authorized Secretary of Veterans Affairs (§ 503) (which are listed and designated in the order that their departments were created). In the 109th Congress, legislation was introduced to place the Secretary of Homeland Security into the line of succession after the Attorney General

"Jan Koum"
Jan Koum Jan Koum (, ; born February 24, 1976) is a Ukrainian American entrepreneur and computer programmer. He is the co-founder and was the CEO of WhatsApp, a mobile messaging application which was acquired by Facebook Inc. in February 2014 for US$19.3 billion. In 2014, he entered the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans at position 62, with an estimated worth of more than $7.5 billion. He was the highest-ranked newcomer to the list that year. Koum was born in Kiev, Soviet Union. He is of Jewish origin. He grew up in Fastiv, outside Kiev, and moved with

"Ikenna Azuike"
""What’s Up Africa"" will be incorporated as a weekly segment within the BBC World News television show, ""Focus on Africa"". Ikenna Azuike Ikenna Azuike (born 8 July 1979) is a Nigerian-British lawyer-turned broadcaster, best known for presenting the satirical and pop-culture show, ""What’s Up Africa"". In 2014, Azuike was cited as one of the ""100 Most Influential Africans"" by ""New African"" magazine Azuike was born in Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. His mother is half German and half Ukrainian and his father Nigerian. He moved to the UK with his parents when he was 8 years old. He currently resides in Amsterdam,

"Up (TV program)"
Up (TV program) Up is a news and opinion television program that aired weekends on MSNBC at 8:00 a.m. ET. The program debuted September 17, 2011 as ""Up with Chris Hayes"", and was hosted by Hayes until March 2013 when he left for ""All In with Chris Hayes"", a new MSNBC weekday primetime program. Steve Kornacki's first episode aired April 13, 2013; he left in October 2015 for MSNBC dayside. The program ended in January 2016 for MSNBC's special political coverage. MSNBC Live aired in its place with Alex Witt and Frances Rivera from 2016 to 2018. The program was

"Jan Koum"
The FreeBSD Foundation, and close to $556 million to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF) the same year. In December 2016, Jan Koum donated another 500 thousand dollars to The FreeBSD Foundation. Jan Koum Jan Koum (, ; born February 24, 1976) is a Ukrainian American entrepreneur and computer programmer. He is the co-founder and was the CEO of WhatsApp, a mobile messaging application which was acquired by Facebook Inc. in February 2014 for US$19.3 billion. In 2014, he entered the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans at position 62, with an estimated worth of more than $7.5 billion.

April 1. On March 19, Steve Kornacki was named as the new host. His first episode aired April 13, 2013. Kornacki indicated that the program would maintain continuity, saying ""a lot of progressive ideas were expressed through ""Up [with Chris Hayes]"", but I think the common thread through all the ideas, whether they’re progressive or whether they’re coming from the right, is that... they’re ideas that are worthy of discussion and worthy of exploration."" In April 2013, Anne Thompson left her role as the Democratic National Committee's director of video production to become a segment producer for the program. From

as the cameras roll and he often refers to viewer tweets on the air. Lighthearted segments are used to punctuate the program, and his debut show had an example displaying Hayes' style of blending the comical with the serious. ""Up"" is broadcast from 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. Up (TV program) Up is a news and opinion television program that aired weekends on MSNBC at 8:00 a.m. ET. The program debuted September 17, 2011 as ""Up with Chris Hayes"", and was hosted by Hayes until March 2013 when he left for ""All In with Chris Hayes"", a new

"Brian Acton"
to Tegan Acton. Contrary to reports, he is not married or related to Marina Acton, a Ukrainian popstar and philanthropist. Brian Acton Brian Acton (born February 17, 1972) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is the co-founder (with Jan Koum) of WhatsApp, a mobile messaging application which was acquired by Facebook Inc. in February 2014 for US$19 billion. He was formerly employed at Yahoo Inc. In September 2017, Acton announced that he was leaving WhatsApp to start a foundation. On February 21, 2018, Acton and Moxie Marlinspike announced the formation of the Signal Foundation. Acton, born in

revived in 2018 with David Gura as host. Prior to his position at MSNBC, Hayes was Washington D.C. Editor of ""The Nation"". On August 1, 2011, MSNBC announced that Hayes would host a two-hour morning program on Saturdays and Sundays on the network. The first airing of ""Up with Chris Hayes"" was September 17, 2011 and featured a live interview with former Speaker and current House minority leader Nancy Pelosi. The premiere of the Sunday program featured an appearance by MSNBC host Rachel Maddow. In addition to hosting ""Up,"" Hayes would also continue to serve as a contributor to other

"Get Up! (TV program)"
Get Up! (TV program) Get Up! is an American sports talk morning television program hosted by Mike Greenberg that airs weekdays on ESPN. Greenberg is joined by Jalen Rose and several rotating guest hosts. Michelle Beadle was one of the original hosts with Greenberg and Rose, but decided to leave the program in September 2018 to devote more time to ESPN's NBA coverage. It premiered on April 2, 2018. The program features news, opinion and analysis from the hosts and guests. It airs live weekdays from 8 am–10 am ET with reruns from 10 am–12 pm ET on ESPN2, and

Ikenna Azuike Ikenna Azuike (born 8 July 1979) is a Nigerian-British lawyer-turned broadcaster, best known for presenting the satirical and pop-culture show, ""What’s Up Africa"". In 2014, Azuike was cited as one of the ""100 Most Influential Africans"" by ""New African"" magazine Azuike was born in Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. His mother is half German and half Ukrainian and his father Nigerian. He moved to the UK with his parents when he was 8 years old. He currently resides in Amsterdam, Netherlands with his Dutch girlfriend and daughter. Azuike studied Law with French Law at University College, London, and obtained his

"Howard University"
Howard University Howard University (HU or simply Howard) is a federally chartered, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university (HBCU) in Washington, D.C. It is categorized by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with higher research activity and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races. Howard offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. Howard is classified as a Tier 1 national university (No. 89) and ranks second among HBCUs by ""U.S. News & World Report"". Howard

home of the first, second and third incarnations of the MLB Senators, as well as the NFL's Washington Redskins, several college football teams (including Georgetown, GWU and Maryland) and part-time home of the Homestead Grays of the Negro National League. Howard University is home to WHUR-FM 96.3, also known as Howard University Radio. Howard is also home to WHUT-TV, which is a television station on campus next to WHUR-FM. Howard's most prominent research building is the Interdisciplinary Research Building (IRB). Opened in 2016, the multi-story, 81,670 square foot, state-of-the-art research facility was completed for $70 million. The IRB was designed

awards and bragging rights; arguably the most coveted award is winning the Resfest Step-Show which normally consists of elaborate themes and productions. This event takes place near the end of every spring semester on campus. Roland Burris,Illinois State Comptroller,Illinois Attorney General,United States Senator, Howard University Howard University (HU or simply Howard) is a federally chartered, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university (HBCU) in Washington, D.C. It is categorized by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with higher research activity and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open

art and continues to serve as an academic resource for the Howard community. Howard University has nine residence halls in which students can live: Drew Hall (male freshmen), College Hall North (female freshmen), Tubman Quadrangle (female freshmen), Cook Hall (male undergraduates), Bethune Annex (co-ed, undergraduates), Plaza Towers West (co-ed, for juniors and seniors only), Slowe Hall (co-ed), College Hall South (co-ed), and Plaza Towers East (co-ed, undergraduate honors program students, graduate students). Howard University Hospital, opened in 1975 on the eastern end of campus, was built on the site of Griffith Stadium, in use from the 1890s to 1965 as

"Howard University School of Law"
HUSL students may participate in 26 extra-curricular groups, including the moot court team, associations focused on specific areas of law, law fraternities, and political, ethnic, and religious affiliation groups. The campus is located in the upper Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., in the Forest Hills area of the city. The law school is located on its own campus approximately five miles from the main campus. The campus was built by Dunbarton College of the Holy Cross, which occupied it until the school closed in 1973. The school's main building, Houston Hall, is named after Charles Hamilton Houston. Howard Law had

board of trustees. The campus often referred to as ""The Mecca"" is in northwest Washington. Major improvements, additions, and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of World War I. New buildings were built under the direction of architect Albert Cassell. Howard's buildings and plant have a value of $567.6 million. Howard University has several historic landmarks on campus, such as Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Fredrick Douglass Memorial Hall, and the Founders Founders Library. The university's Board of Trustees established the Howard University Gallary of Art in 1928. The gallery's permanent collection has grown to over 4,000 works of

e-newsletter for the university; and the ""Howard Magazine"", the official magazine for the university, which is published three times a year. Howard University Libraries (HUL) is the library system of Howard University and is composed by eight branches and centers: The U.S. students come from the following regions: New England 2%, Mid-West 8%, South 22%, Mid-Atlantic 55%, and West 12%. Nearly 4% of the student body are international students. Howard University is 86.1% African-American/Black. Howard is one of the top five largest HBCUs in the nation with around 10,000 students. The student to faculty ratio is 7:1. Howard produced four

Gallaudet University, George Washington University (GW), Georgetown University (GU), Howard University, the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and Trinity Washington University. The Corcoran College of Art and Design, the oldest arts school in the capital, was absorbed into the George Washington University in 2014, now serving as its college of arts. The University of the District of Columbia (UDC) is a public land-grant university providing undergraduate and graduate education. D.C. residents may also be eligible for a grant of up to $10,000 per year to offset the cost of tuition at any public university in the

Demoz. BCCSO trains science and academic leaders to understand atmospheric processes through atmospheric observing systems and analytical methods. Howard University is home to ""The Hilltop"", the award-winning (Princeton Review) student newspaper. Founded in 1924 by Zora Neale Hurston, ""The Hilltop"" enjoys a long legacy at the university, providing students with the ability to learn the newspaper industry. Howard University is the publisher of ""The Journal of Negro Education"", which began publication in 1932. The Howard University Bison Yearbook is created, edited and published during the school year to provide students a year-in-review. Howard University also publishes the ""Capstone"", the official

"Howard University Hospital"
D.C. General Hospital, as of 2016, the hospital has the highest rate of wrongful death lawsuits of any health facility in Washington D.C. over the previous decade. Howard University Hospital (HUH) is a private, nonprofit institution in Washington, D.C., affiliated with Howard University. HUH is the nation's only teaching hospital on the campus of a historically black university. It offers medical students opportunities to observe and participate in clinical and research work with professionals. Physicians and other health professionals are engaged weekly in activities and services in the local community, including medical presentations, free health screenings, educational workshops, and health

"Figure skating"
the war, with many European rinks in ruins, skaters from the United States and Canada began to dominate international competitions and to introduce technical innovations to the sport. Dick Button, 1948 and 1952 Olympic Champion, was the first skater to perform the double axel and triple loop jumps, as well as the flying camel spin. The World Figure Skating Championships did not include ice dance until 1952. In its early years, ice dance was dominated by British skaters, and until 1960 the world title was won every year by a British couple, beginning with Jean Westwood and Lawrence Demmy. On

"World Figure Skating Championships"
the Winter Olympics in 1940. Early championships for both ladies and pairs, previously titled merely as the ""ISU"" Championships, were retroactively given World Championship status in 1924. In the early years, judges were invited by the host country and were often local. At the 1927 ladies' event held in Oslo, three of the five judges were Norwegian. The three Norwegian judges gave first place to Norwegian competitor Sonja Henie, while the Austrian and German judges placed defending champion Herma Szabo first. The controversial result stood, giving Henie her first world title; however following the controversy, the ISU introduced a rule

the 1980s, some skaters began practising quadruple jumps. Jozef Sabovcik of Czechoslovakia landed a quad toe loop at the 1986 European Championships which was recognized at the event but then ruled invalid three weeks later due to a touchdown with his free foot. At the 1988 World Championships, Kurt Browning of Canada landed the first quad toe loop which has remained ratified. Although it was expected that quads would soon become an important part of men's skating, it was a number of years before this happened. Japan's Midori Ito landed the first triple axel by a woman. Worth only 20%

World Championships were held in 1896 and won by Gilbert Fuchs. Only men competed in these events. In 1902, a woman, Madge Syers, entered the World competition for the first time, finishing second. The ISU quickly banned women from competing against men, but established a separate competition for ""ladies"" in 1906. Pair skating was introduced at the 1908 World Championships, where the title was won by Anna Hübler and Heinrich Burger. Figure skating was the first winter sport introduced to the Olympics; its Olympic debut came at the 1908 Summer Olympics. On March 20, 1914 an international figure skating championship

by revenues from selling the TV rights to those events. In 1984, more than 24 million people in Great Britain watched ice dance pair Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean earn unanimous 6.0s for presentation, the only perfect score in Olympic skating history, which was ranked the 8th greatest sporting moment in a UK poll. In the 1993 National Sports Study II, considered by the Associated Press as the largest study of spectator sport popularity in America, ladies' figure skating was the second most popular spectator sport in America, just behind NFL football out of over 100 sports surveyed. The 1993

"History of figure skating"
in both athletic practice and dress. Previously, female figure skaters had skated in bulky clothing and long skirts. Henie broke with tradition by wearing a short knee-length skirt during her routines. In addition, her fluid and unlabored movements and overall elegance were considered to be a major advancement for figure skating. In the period from 1929 to 1936, Schäfer won the European title eight times and the World title seven times. Although the Russian Empire hosted the first World Championships and Nikolai Panin won gold in special figures at the 1908 Olympics, its successor state, the Soviet Union, was largely

"International figure skating"
(1957–59). From 1953 to 1960, American women won seven World titles – Albright (1953, 1955) and Carol Heiss (1956–60). In 1952, Carol Ann Peters / Daniel Ryan won bronze at the first-ever World ice dancing competition. In 1961, 18 American skaters heading to the World Championships were killed in the Sabena Flight 548 crash. In 1966, Peggy Flemming won the first of three consecutive World titles. In 1979, Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner became the second American pair to become World champions. Between 1996 and 2003, Michelle Kwan won five World titles. In February 2014, Meryl Davis / Charlie White

land a quadruple jump; the only two female single skaters to be credited with quads in competition are Miki Ando, who landed the first quad Salchow in Dec 2002, and Alexandra Trusova, who landed the first quad Toe Loop (and only the second quad Salchow) in March 2018, both at the Junior level. Alexandra Trusova also was the first female to ever land 2 quadruple jumps in competition, the quad salchow and the quad toe loop. She was only 13 years old at the time. Some elite skaters can complete a jump in about one second, with 26 inches of

Championships (1927–36), and six consecutive European Championships (1931–36). Oslo (1952) and Lillehammer (1994) have organized the Winter Olympics. Oslo has hosted the World Championships (1954). Trondheim (1898) and Oslo (1913, 1923, 1950) have hosted the European Championships. Due to the Partitions of Poland, Polish skaters initially lacked the option of representing their native country. Some may have competed for Austria, Germany or the Russian Empire until Poland regained its independence following World War I. The first ISU Championships held in Poland were the 1908 European Championships in Warsaw, then under the Russian Empire. Zofia Bilorówna / Tadeusz Kowalski were Poland's

"Art Deco"
Art Deco Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners. It took its name, short for ""Arts Décoratifs"", from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925. It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented

"Art Deco"
ivory, tinted leather, lacquered and painted wood, and decorative inlays on furniture that emphasized its geometry. This period of the style reached its high point in the 1925 Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts. In the late 1920s and the 1930s, the decorative style changed, inspired by new materials and technologies. It became sleeker and less ornamental. Furniture, like architecture, began to have rounded edges and to take on a polished, streamlined look, taken from the streamline modern style. New materials, such as chrome-plated steel, aluminum and bakelite, an early form of plastic, began to appear in furniture and decoration. Throughout

"Art Deco"
Style of architecture that followed. Art Deco took its name, short for ""Arts Décoratifs"", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925, though the diverse styles that characterize Art Deco had already appeared in Paris and Brussels before World War I. The term ""arts décoratifs"" was first used in France in 1858; published in the Bulletin de la Société française de photographie. In 1868, ""Le Figaro"" newspaper used the term ""objets d'art décoratifs"" with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de l'Opéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and

"Art Deco"
the two men were better craftsmen than businessmen. The firm was sold in 1928, and both men left. The most prominent furniture designer at the 1925 Decorative Arts Exposition was Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, from Alsace. He first exhibited his works at the 1913 Autumn Salon, then had his own pavilion, the ""House of the Rich Collector"", at the 1925 Exposition. He used only most rare and expensive materials, including ebony, mahogany, rosewood, ambon and other exotic woods, decorated with inlays of ivory, tortoise shell, mother of pearl, Little pompoms of silk decorated the handles of drawers of the cabinets. His furniture

"Art Deco"
Ruhlmann and Paul Foliot refused to use mass production, and insisted that each piece be made individually by hand. The early art deco style featured luxurious and exotic materials such as ebony, and ivory and silk, very bright colors and stylized motifs, particularly baskets and bouquets of flowers of all colors, giving a modernist look. The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–1913), by Auguste Perret was the first landmark Art Deco building completed in Paris. Previously reinforced concrete had been used only for industrial and apartment buildings, Perret had built the first modern reinforced concrete apartment building in Paris on rue Benjamin

"Art Deco"
1925 onwards, it was often inspired by a passion for new machines, such as airships, automobiles and ocean liners, and by 1930 this influence resulted in the style called streamline moderne. Art Deco was associated with both luxury and modernity; it combined very expensive materials and exquisite craftsmanship put into modernistic forms. Nothing was cheap about Art Deco: pieces of furniture included ivory and silver inlays, and pieces of Art Deco jewelry combined diamonds with platinum, jade, and other precious materials. The style was used to decorate the first-class salons of ocean liners, deluxe trains, and skyscrapers. It was used

"Art Deco"
the entrance of the Palais de la Porte Dorée, the centerpiece of the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. The French sculptor Jean Dunand produced magnificent doors on the theme ""The Hunt"", covered with gold leaf and paint on plaster (1935). Art Deco visuals and imagery was used in animated films including, , Night Hood, All's Fair at the Fair, Merry Mannequins, Page Miss Glory, Fantasia and Sleeping Beauty. Art Deco architecture began in Europe, but by 1939 there were examples in large cities on every continent and in almost every country. This is a selection of prominent buildings on each continent.

"Art Deco"
for many of the first performances of the Ballets Russes. Perret and Sauvage became the leading Art Deco architects in Paris in the 1920s. At its birth between 1910 and 1914, Art Deco was an explosion of colors, featuring bright and often clashing hues, frequently in floral designs, presented in furniture upholstery, carpets, screens, wallpaper and fabrics. Many colorful works, including chairs and a table by Maurice Dufrene and a bright Gobelin carpet by Paul Follot were presented at the 1912 Salon des artistes décorateurs. In 1912–1913 designer Adrien Karbowsky made a floral chair with a parrot design for the

"Art Deco"
France, the Style Paqueboat, or Ocean Liner style. Buildings in the style were had rounded corners, long horizontal lines; they were built of reinforced concrete, and were almost always white; and sometimes had nautical features, such as railings that resembled those on a ship. The rounded corner was not entirely new; it had appeared in Berlin in 1923 in the Mossehaus by Erich Mendelsohn, and later in the Hoover Building, an industrial complex in the London suburb of Perivale. In the United States, it became most closely associated with transport; Streamline moderne was rare in office buildings, but was often

disagreements involving slavery and states' rights were two of the main causes of

Sectionalism
America refers to the different lifestyles, social structures, customs, and the political values of the North and the South. Regional tensions came to a head during the War of 1812, resulting in the Hartford Convention which manifested Northern dissastisfaction with a foreign trade embargo that affected the industrial North disproportionately, the Three-Fifths Compromise, dilution of Northern power by new states, and a succession of Southern Presidents. Sectionalism increased steadily in 1800–1850 as the North industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous factories, while the deep South concentrated on plantation agriculture based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for poor whites who

so had no power to prevent slaves from being carried into new territories. States' rights advocates also cited the fugitive slave clause to demand federal jurisdiction over slaves who escaped into the North. Anti-slavery forces took reversed stances on these issues. The fugitive slave clause in the Constitution was the result of compromises between North and South when the Constitution was written. It was later strengthened by the fugitive slave law that was part of the Compromises of 1850. The Southern politician and states' rights advocate John C. Calhoun regarded the territories as the ""common property"" of sovereign states, and

and later secession. The most controversial right claimed by Southern states was the alleged right of Southerners to spread slavery into territories owned by the United States. Under Lincoln's leadership, the war was fought to preserve the Union. With slavery so deeply divisive, Union leaders by 1862 reached the decision that slavery had to end in order for the Union to be restored. Union war evolved as the war progressed in response to political and military issues, and historians do not use them to explain the causes of the war. The key new issues were the elimination of slavery and

the legal and economic status of the freed slaves. Slavery was the major cause of the American Civil War, with the South seceding to form a new country to protect slavery, and the North refusing to allow that. Historians generally agree that other economic conflicts were not a major cause of the war. Economic historian Lee A. Craig reports, ""In fact, numerous studies by economic historians the past several decades reveal that economic conflict was not an inherent condition of North-South relations during the antebellum era and did not cause the Civil War."" When numerous groups tried at the last

a shield against a numerical majority of Northerners. When the Civil War began, neither civil rights nor voting rights for blacks were stated as goals by the North. They became important afterward during Reconstruction. At first, though there was pressure to do so, not even the abolition of slavery was stated as a goal. While controversy over the morality of slavery could be contained, it was the issue of the expansion of slavery into the territories that made the conflict irrepressible. Slavery was at the root of economic, moral and political differences that led to control issues, states' rights and

"Origins of the American Civil War"
of anything that was legal property in any state. State sovereignty, in other words, gave the laws of the slaveholding states ""extra-jurisdictional"" effect. ""States' rights"" was an ideology formulated and applied as a means of advancing slave state interests through federal authority. As historian Thomas L Krannawitter points out, ""[T]he Southern demand for federal slave protection represented a demand for an unprecedented expansion of federal power."" By 1860, these four doctrines comprised the major ideologies presented to the American public on the matters of slavery, the territories and the US Constitution. Antislavery movements in the North gained momentum in the

on the issue occurred between Jackson and his vice-president John C. Calhoun, the most effective proponent of the constitutional theory of state nullification through his 1828 ""South Carolina Exposition and Protest"". Congress enacted a new tariff in 1832, but it offered the state little relief, resulting in the most dangerous sectional crisis since the Union was formed. Some militant South Carolinians even hinted at withdrawing from the Union in response. The newly elected South Carolina legislature then quickly called for the election of delegates to a state convention. Once assembled, the convention voted to declare null and void the tariffs

"Slavery and States' Rights"
adds, ""For more than half a century the South had been taught by their northern brethren that when the people of a State found that it was not to their advantage to remain in the Union it was not only their privilege but their duty to peacefully withdraw from it."" Wheeler then quoted from John Quincy Adams, ""If the day should ever come when the affections of the people of these States shall be alienated from each other...far better will it be for the people of the disunited States to part in friendship from each other than to be held

to oppose them in the 1820s as sectional tensions between North and South grew along with the increasingly sectional nature of slavery. Calhoun was a plantation owner who helped develop the positive good theory of slavery. Also, Calhoun said that slavery was the cause of the Nullification Crisis. While most leaders of Southern secession in 1860 mentioned slavery as the cause, Robert Rhett was a free trade extremist who opposed the tariff. However, Rhett was also a slavery extremist who wanted the Constitution of the Confederacy to legalize the African Slave Trade. Republicans also saw support for a Homestead Act,

"Tanks in World War II"
the North African campaign. It continued to serve in the Red Army for some time, and in a single campaign in the Pacific. Red Army crews nicknamed it ""grave for seven brothers"" referring to the seven-man crew. The most important American design of the war was the M4 Medium Tank, or ""Sherman"" in British service. The M4 Medium became the second-most-produced tank of World War II, and was the only tank to be used by virtually all Allied forces (thanks to the American lend-lease program); approximately 40,000 M4 Mediums were produced during the war. M4s formed the main tank of

American, British, Canadian, French, Polish and Chinese units. The M4 was the equal of the German medium tanks, the Panzer III and Panzer IV, at the time it first saw service in 1942. The Red Army was supplied with about 4,000 M4s. The M4, although reliable and easy to maintain, was already outgunned by the time the US encountered the up-gunned and up-armored German medium tanks in Italy and Northern Europe (the Panzer IV and various German self-propelled guns) and by late 1943 the arrival of German Panther and Tiger I were even graver threats due to the range, accuracy

support of infantry or other tanks, and was initially armed with a short-barreled 75 mm howitzer to fire high explosive (HE) fragmentation shells. In 1941 an average of 39 Panzer IV models tanks per month were built, and this rose to 83 in 1942, 252 in 1943, and 300 in 1944. During Operation ""Barbarossa"", the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, it was discovered that the Soviet T-34 tank outclassed the Panzer III and IV. Its sloped armor could withstand most German weapons, and its 76.2 mm gun could penetrate the armor of all German tanks. This forced

the defense of the mainland. Between 1931 and 1945, Japan produced 6450 tanks. Half of them (3300) were made by the Mitsubishi Company. The sub-total of tanks produced between 1940 and 1945 is 4424, i.e. a yearly average comparable to Italy. For a country as large and as industrialized as Japan, that is modest. However, before 1944/45, the naval fleet and the air force had priority of steel allocation and construction. It changed when the homeland became increasingly under direct threat, but it was too late. As with many innovative weapons projects launched by Japan in the final years of

of France was occupied in 1942, the secret hiding places were betrayed to the Germans. Germany's armored force was not especially impressive from a technical standpoint at the start of the war. As noted above, it was their advanced combined arms doctrine and unrivaled command-and-control capability that gave German mechanized forces their advantage on the battlefield. Pre-war plans called for two main tanks: the main tank was to be the Panzer III medium tank, supported by smaller numbers of the howitzer-armed Panzer IV. However, by the beginning of the invasion of Poland, only a few hundred of these vehicles were

outclassed all its opponents in terms of firepower and armor when it was first put into operational use. The even heavier Tiger II (deemed ""King Tiger"" by Allied troops) supplemented the Tiger I late in the war. Its powerful gun and very heavy armor made it superior to nearly every Allied or Soviet tank in a one-on-one confrontation, but poor mobility, speed and reliability limited its use. Plans were made for a super-heavy tank, the Panzer VII Löwe, which was cancelled during the design stage in favor of the yet heavier Panzer VIII Maus of which only two incomplete prototype

"German tanks in World War II"
translated as the King Tiger or Royal Tiger by Allied soldiers. It was the largest tank mass-produced by German forces during the war. Its 8.8 cm KwK 43 could virtually knock out every Allied tank, while its sloped armor was thick enough to defeat most Allied guns (excluding hollow charge weapons). However, the Tiger II suffered from multiple mechanical problems due to its rushed development and excessive weight. It was named after the Tiger but it was a combination of innovations learned from the Panther and Tiger I. Even larger and heavier was the Super-heavy tank Löwe. It translates to

Tanks in World War II Tanks were an important weapons system in World War II. Even though tanks in the inter-war years were the subject of widespread research, production was limited to relatively small numbers in a few countries. However, during World War II most armies employed tanks, and production levels reached thousands each month. Tank usage, doctrine and production varied widely among the combatant nations. By war's end, a consensus was emerging regarding tank doctrine and design. The tank was invented by the British in World War I, with nearly simultaneous development in France. Tanks of the First World

diesel engines that were less likely to catch fire compared with gasoline tank engines that were being used at the time. The Japanese generals had made a mistake in their assessment of the tanks used against China, a country whose army had only three tank battalions, and few anti-tank weapons. By 1937, Japan fielded 1,060 tanks in 8 regiments, most designed for and used in the infantry-support role. But this focus left the IJA without a tank capable of taking on other tanks, a deficiency that was brought home hard during the battle of Khalkin-Gol, a decisive defeat inflicted by

small number saw combat in the European theater, most notably in the 9th Armored Division's dramatic dash to take the Bridge at Remagen. In combat it was, unlike the M4 Sherman, fairly equal in firepower and protection to both the Tiger I and Panther tanks. The M26 basic design was good enough to form the basis for all postwar American tanks through the end of the M60 series. At the start of the war, France had one of the largest tank forces in the world along with the Soviet, British and German forces. Like the British and the Soviets, the

"Chrysler 300 letter series"
considered the '300A'. The 'C-' designation was applied to all Chrysler models; however for marketing purposes the numerical series skipped more than 225 numbers forward in sequence in order to further reinforce the 300's bhp rating. The 300 originally stood for the 300 hp (224 kw) engine. The C-300 was really a racecar aimed at the NASCAR circuits that was sold for the road for homologation purposes, with Chrysler's most powerful engine, the FirePower ""Hemi"" V8, due to the hemispheric shape of the combustion chambers, fitted with twin 4-barrel carburetors, a race-profiled camshaft setup, solid valve lifters, stiffer suspension, and

"Chrysler 300"
Chrysler 300 The Chrysler 300 is a rear-wheel-drive, front-engine, full-sized luxury car manufactured and marketed by FCA US (and its predecessor companies) as a four-door sedan and station wagon in its first generation (model years 2005–2010) and solely as a four-door sedan in its second and current generation (model years 2011–present). The second generation 300 was marketed as the Chrysler 300C in the United Kingdom and Ireland and as the Lancia Thema in the remainder of Europe. The 300 debuted as a concept at the 2003 New York International Auto Show with styling by Ralph Gilles and production starting in

Chrysler 300 letter series The Chrysler 300 ""letter series"" are high-performance personal luxury cars that were built by Chrysler in the U.S. from 1955 to 1965. After the initial year, which was named C-300, the 1956 cars were designated 300B. Successive model years were given the next letter of the alphabet as a suffix (skipping ""i""), reaching the 300L by 1965, after which the model was dropped. The 300 ""letter series"" cars were among the vehicles that focused on performance built by domestic U.S. manufacturers after World War II, and thus can be considered one of the muscle car's ancestors,

Guest titled ""See It Through"". The Lancia version was safety tested by Euro NCAP in autumn 2011 and got the following results: Chrysler 300 The Chrysler 300 is a rear-wheel-drive, front-engine, full-sized luxury car manufactured and marketed by FCA US (and its predecessor companies) as a four-door sedan and station wagon in its first generation (model years 2005–2010) and solely as a four-door sedan in its second and current generation (model years 2011–present). The second generation 300 was marketed as the Chrysler 300C in the United Kingdom and Ireland and as the Lancia Thema in the remainder of Europe. The

removed many exterior elements such as back-up lights, hood ornament, side trim, and exterior mirrors. An electric clock and two-speed windshield wipers were standard. There were few options available including selection of three exterior colors (red, white and black) and only one color of tan leather interior. Power windows and power seat were available but air conditioning was not available in 1955. Measured at in the Flying Mile, and doing well in NASCAR, the C-300 aroused interest that was not reflected in its modest sales figure of 1,725. When the C300 competed in NASCAR, it was painted to advertise that

front seat frames, wiring harnesses, steering column, the 5-speed automatic transmission's design, and a derivative of the 4Matic all-wheel drive system. The basic 300 (or 300C in some countries) comes with standard 17-inch wheels, wheel covers, four-wheel disc brakes, single disc MP3 player, auxiliary input jack, power driver seat and a four-speed automatic transmission. It uses a EER V6 making . In Canada, it comes standard with the Touring model's V6 engine. The vehicle comes with standard rear wheel drive and available all wheel drive. The basic 300 model was renamed to LX for 2008 and remains as the code-name

though full-sized and more expensive. The automaker began using the 300 designations again for performance-luxury sedans, using the 300M nameplate from 1999 to 2004, and expanding the 300 series with a new V8-powered 300C, the top model of a new Chrysler 300 line, a new rear-wheel drive car launched in 2004 for the 2005 model year. Unlike the first ""letter series"" series, the successive variants do not feature standard engines producing at least 300 hp (224 kw), except for Chrysler's current top-line 300C models. This first of the letter series cars did not bear a letter, but can retroactively be

chrome-clad aluminium wheels, anti-roll bars. The top-of-the-line 300C version uses a 5.7 L (345 cu in) Hemi V8. Using the Multidisplacement System (MDS), this engine can run on four cylinders when less power is needed in order to reduce total fuel consumption. The USEPA-rated fuel consumption of the 300C is: city, and highway. When all eight cylinders are needed, the 300C can make and torque. It uses a five-speed automatic transmission and comes standard with 18-inch chrome-clad alloy wheels, Chrysler's ""MyGIG Infotainment System"" in 2008 and SIRIUS Satellite Radio and ""Backseat Television"" in 2008. The HEMI cylinder heads necessitate the

"Chrysler 300 non-letter series"
Chrysler 300 non-letter series The Chrysler 300 (Chrysler 300 Non-Letter Series) was a full-size automobile produced by Chrysler from 1962 until 1971. It was the replacement for the 1961 Chrysler Windsor, which itself filled the place in Chrysler's line previously occupied by the Saratoga just the year before that (1960). At the time, it was considered a luxurious ""muscle car"", with all the performance of the Dodge and Plymouth products of the time, but with the luxury features expected of the Chrysler name. The 300 was positioned as a replacement of the 300 ""letter series"", adding 4-door versions and running

desirable to collectors. At an auction at the Robson Estate in Gainesville, Georgia on November 13, 2010, the sole 1960 300F convertible equipped with the factory engine and the Pont-a-Mousson 4-speed sold for $437,250. There was one concept vehicle called the Chrysler 300, created in 1991. It featured a sports car body and a Viper engine. It was never produced. The 300 letter series name was resurrected in 1999 on the Chrysler 300M; but it is the 2005 300 that is closest to the original with its rear-wheel drive, and V8 engine once again bearing the ""Hemi"" name. Chrysler 300

"Strother Martin"
Strother Martin Strother Douglas Martin Jr. (March 26, 1919 – August 1, 1980) was an American character actor who often appeared in support of John Wayne and Paul Newman and in western films directed by John Ford and Sam Peckinpah. Martin perhaps is best known as the prison ""captain"" in the 1967 film ""Cool Hand Luke"", in which he uttered the line, ""What we've got here is failure to communicate."" The line is number 11 on the American Film Institute list of AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes. Martin was born in Kokomo in Howard County in north central Indiana to

"What we've got here is failure to communicate"
American Film Institute list, AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes. What we've got here is failure to communicate The phrase ""What we've got here is failure to communicate"" is a quotation from the 1967 film ""Cool Hand Luke"", spoken in the movie first by Strother Martin (as the Captain, a prison warden) and, later, paraphrased by Paul Newman (as Luke, a stubborn prisoner). The context of the first delivery of the line is: The Captain's line is often misquoted as ""What we ""have"" here is ""a"" failure to communicate"". This is actually a quote by Zero Mostel in the 1969

guards. Later, Luke wins a poker game by bluffing with a hand worth nothing. Luke comments that ""sometimes, nothing can be a real cool hand"", prompting Dragline to nickname him ""Cool Hand Luke"". After a visit from his sick mother, Arletta (Jo Van Fleet), Luke becomes more optimistic about his situation. He continually confronts the Captain and the guards, and his sense of humor and independence prove to be both contagious and inspiring to the other prisoners. Luke's struggle for supremacy peaks when he leads a work crew in a seemingly impossible but successful effort to complete a road-paving job

the rules to the new set of prisoners, with any violations resulting in spending the night in ""the box,"" a small square room with limited air and very little room to move. Luke refuses to observe the established pecking order among the prisoners and quickly runs afoul of the prisoners' leader, Dragline (George Kennedy). When the pair have a boxing match, the prisoners and guards watch with interest. Although Luke is severely outmatched by his larger opponent, he refuses to acquiesce. Eventually, Dragline refuses to continue the fight. Luke's tenacity earns the prisoners' respect and draws the attention of the

Violet Alva Violet Hari Alva (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha. Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in Ahmedabad. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was

"Savita Behen"
Savita Behen Savita Behen was an Indian politician, social worker, educationist and a former member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the bicameral Indian Parliament. She was known to be an advocate of women empowerment and gender equality and was listed among the ""3300 distinguished living women"" of the world by the Council for Parity Democracy in 1990. She was honoured by the Government of India in 1971 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award. Savita Behen was born on 23 January 1919 at Rohtas in Jhelum district in the erstwhile British India, presently in Pakistan. She

"Rukmini Lakshmipathi"
Rukmini Lakshmipathi Rukmini Laxmipathi (also spelled as Rukmani Lakshmipathi, ; 6 December 1892 – 6 August 1951) was an Indian independence activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. She was the first woman to be elected to the Madras Legislature and the first to serve as a minister in the Madras Presidency. Rukmini was born in Madras in an agriculturist family. Her grandfather was the landlord Raja T. Ramrao. She obtained her B.A from the Women's Christian College, Madras and married Dr. Achanta Laxmipathi. In 1923, she joined the Congress. In 1926, she attended the International Women's Suffrage

"Sheila Kaul"
Sheila Kaul Sheila Kaul (7 February 1915 – 13 June 2015) was a social democratic leader of the Indian National Congress, a stateswoman, cabinet minister and governor, and the oldest living former member of parliament in India at the time of her death. She was also an educator, social worker, and social reformer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and an independence activist in British India. She was Jawaharlal Nehru's sister-in-law and Indira Gandhi's maternal aunt. Sheila Kaul was born in 1915. She had a degree in arts from the Lahore College for Women and a degree in teaching

was the first (and only) woman minister of the presidency. Marshall's road in Egmore, Chennai has been renamed after her. In her memory, a postage stamp was issued in 1997. Rukmini Lakshmipathi Rukmini Laxmipathi (also spelled as Rukmani Lakshmipathi, ; 6 December 1892 – 6 August 1951) was an Indian independence activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. She was the first woman to be elected to the Madras Legislature and the first to serve as a minister in the Madras Presidency. Rukmini was born in Madras in an agriculturist family. Her grandfather was the landlord Raja T.

"Ramabai Ranade"
Athavani"" in Marathi in which she gives a detailed account of her married life. She also published a collection of Justice Ranade's lectures on Religion. She was very fond of English literature. Ramabai made her first public appearance at Nasik High School as the Chief Guest. Justice Ranade wrote her maiden speech. She soon mastered the art of public speaking, both in English and Marathi. Her speeches were always simple and heart-touching. She began working for Prarthana Samaj in Bombay. She established a branch of Arya Mahila Samaj in the city. From 1893 to 1901 Ramabai was at the peak

"Shanta Vasisht"
ministers without consulting the assembly members of the party. Vasisht took part in the founding of the Delhi Library Association in 1954, and served as the president of the association. Vasisht was elected to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament of India) in 1960. Her term lasted from 3 April 1960 to 2 April 1966, under the governments of Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi. In 2008 Vasisht released the book ""Nehru to Iraq"", which details her experiences in the struggle for Indian Independence. As of 2013, Vasisht resided in the Sarvodaya Enclave. Shanta Vasisht

"Cissy Cooray"
Cissy Cooray Cissy Cooray, OBE (8 June 1889 - 6 November 1965) was a Ceylonese social worker and the first woman to be appointed to the Senate of Ceylon. She was a co-founder of the ""Lanka Mahila Samitiya"" in 1931, which has since become the country's largest women's voluntary organisation, where she was a member for 35 years and the president for ten years between 1943 and 1953. In 1941 she was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for her work in social welfare services in Ceylon. Cooray was also active in the Ceylon Social

"Kamala Sinha"
Kamala Sinha Kamala (Kamla) Sinha (September 30, 1932 – December 31, 2014) was an Indian politician and diplomat. She was twice elected to the Rajya Sabha from 1990 to 2000, and later served as Ambassador to Suriname and Barbados. She was also Union Minister of State (MoS) for external affairs (Independent Charge) in the cabinet of I. K. Gujral. She died in Syracuse, New York, on December 31, 2014, aged 82. Born in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) on September 30, 1932, Sinha, a grandniece of Jan Sangh founder Syama Prasad Mukherjee, was married to Basawon Sinha, revolutionary, nationalist, socialist, trade

"Canadian Open (tennis)"
is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even-numbered years. Before 2011, they were held during separate weeks in the July–August period, now the two competitions are held during the same week in August. The Toronto tournament is held at the Aviva Centre and the Montreal tournament is held at the IGA Stadium. The current singles champions as of the 2018 tournament are Rafael Nadal (def. Stefanos Tsitsipas) and Simona Halep (def. Sloane Stephens). The men's tournament began in 1881, and was held at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club, while the women's

"Canada Fed Cup team"
Venezuela, Bolivia and Paraguay in the Round Robin, and Chile in the promotional playoff. Canada next played in April 2017 at the World Group II Play-offs against Kazakhstan. Françoise Abanda won her two singles matches over world No. 51 Yaroslava Shvedova and world No. 31 Yulia Putintseva. 16-year-old Bianca Andreescu lost her first rubber to Putintseva but defeated Shvedova in the second. The doubles team of Gabriela Dabrowski and Katherine Sebov lost the final rubber to Kamila Kerimbayeva and Galina Voskoboeva. Canada won the tie 3-2 and will be back in the World Group II in 2018. In 2018, the

score in favour of Romania. Canada next played a World Group II first round tie at home against Belarus in February 2016, but lost the meeting by a score of 2–3. Canada then played a playoff in April 2016 to secure its place in the World Group II for the next year, but lost a fourth tie in a row with a score of 3–2 for Slovakia. They were relegated in the Americas Zone Group I for 2017, the first time since 2013. In February 2017, the team of Bianca Andreescu, Charlotte Robillard-Millette, Katherine Sebov and Carol Zhao defeated respectively

Valérie Tétreault and Sharon Fichman) won the World Group II playoff over Argentina by the convincing score of 5–0 and regained the World Group II. In the World Group II first round in 2011, Rebecca Marino won the opening match over Aleksandra Krunić and Aleksandra Wozniak lost the second one to Bojana Jovanovski. The next day, Marino lost the third rubber to Jovanovski, but Wozniak tied the meeting thanks to a win over Ana Jovanović. Canada's doubles team of Sharon Fichman and Marie-Ève Pelletier was however eliminated by Jovanovski and Krunić to give the win 3–2 to Serbia. Canada then

matches of the meeting. Canada had to host Romania in a World Group playoff in April to stay in the World Group for the next year. Françoise Abanda surprised No. 33 Irina-Camelia Begu in the first match, her first Fed Cup win, but Bouchard was upset by Alexandra Dulgheru in the second to end day one in a 1–1 tie. Bouchard and Abanda both lost their matches the next day (to Mitu and Dulgheru respectively) to give the win to Romania. Dabrowski and Fichman defeated the Romanian doubles team of Mitu and Olaru to end the meeting with a 3–2

"Rachel Honderich"
Rachel Honderich Rachel Honderich (born 21 April 1996) is a Canadian badminton player from Toronto, Ontario. She has been one of the top ranked women's individual and doubles player on the continent and a contender in major international competitions. She is a vice-national champion in women's singles and has won several international titles since 2010. She won her first senior international title at the 2014 Czech International tournament in the women's doubles partnered with Michelle Li. Honderich clinched the silver and bronze medals at the 2015 Pan American Games in the women's singles and doubles respectively. At the 2017 Pan

country with an insurmountable 3–0 lead. The win means Canada has its place in the World Group I next year, the first time ever for the country since the introduction of the new World Group format in 1995. Slovakians Janette Husárová and Anna Karolína Schmiedlová beat the Canadian duo of Dabrowski and Fichman to close the meeting with a 3–1 score for Canada. Canada played their 2015 World Group first round against the reigning champions and number one seed the Czech Republic at home. The team, without its two best players Bouchard and Wozniak in its ranks, lost the four

had to play a playoff to stay in the World Group II for the second straight year, but lost a close tie to Slovenia 2–3. In 2013, Canada was promoted to the World Group II for the first time since 2011 when the team of Eugenie Bouchard, Gabriela Dabrowski, Sharon Fichman and Stéphanie Dubois beat Ukraine 3–2 in the World Group II playoffs. In the first round of the World Group II in 2014, Wozniak won the first rubber over Vesna Dolonc. Bouchard then gave Canada a 2–0 lead after the first day when she beat Jovana Jakšić. In the

team of Bianca Andreescu, Gabriela Dabrowski, Katherine Sebov and Carol Zhao lost in the first round of the World Group II first round to Romania by the score of 1-3. Zhao and Andreescu lost the two singles matches the first day, respectively to Sorana Cîrstea and Irina-Camelia Begu. The second day, Sebov was defeated by Begu and Canada's doubles team of Dabrowski and Zhao won over Ana Bogdan and Raluca Olaru. In the World Group II Play-offs, Andreescu lost the first rubber in three sets to world No. 40 Lesia Tsurenko and Bouchard won her two singles matches over Kateryna

third rubber the next day, Bouchard defeated Dolonc and secured the victory for Canada. Canadians Dabrowski and Fichman lost the doubles match to Jakšić and Stojanović to end the tie with a 3–1 score in favour of Canada. Canada next played a World Group I playoff in April against Slovakia, the first time since 2004. The first day, Wozniak upset No. 52 Jana Čepelová and Bouchard won her match over Kristína Kučová to end day one with a 2–0 lead for Canada. Bouchard then won her next match the following day over Čepelová to clinch the tie for the host

"R. D. Call"
by Numbers"" (with Sandra Bullock), and ""Waterworld"" (with Kevin Costner). Television appearances include ""Burn Notice"", ""Cruel Doubt"", the acclaimed CBS series ""EZ Streets"", ""Murder, She Wrote"", ""Timestalkers"", and ""The X-Files"" (episode ""Miracle Man""). He played Jude Andrews in Stephen King's ""Golden Years"". Call's recent stage work includes ""Blackout"" (a performance that ""Variety"" called ""riveting""), ""The Speed of Darkness"", ""Drift"", and ""Good Bobby"". Call is the winner of the 2010 Action On Film International Film Festival (AOF) ""Legends Award"". R. D. Call R. D. Call (born February 16, 1950) is an American film and television actor. He has appeared in several

turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen—a result of the mining-company site manager's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine. The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table, and compile a wage for the town's teacher. The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013.

Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the ""Hell on Wheels"" set. The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver. The series was renewed for a second season, which aired from April 25 to June 13, 2015. Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season, which aired from February 21 to April 10, 2016, with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season. In mid-2016, it was announced that Season 4 would premiere on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two-hour special. On April

"Charlie Callas"
as Charles Callias, the son of a Greek father and German mother. He served in the United States Army during World War II. He began his career as a drummer playing in groups with Bernie Cummins, Tommy Dorsey, Claude Thornhill, and Buddy Rich. He dropped a vowel from his legal name, Callias, when he took to the stage. Callas was known for his rubbery face, trademark nervous chattering, and dark comedy. His first television appearance was in 1963 on ""The Hollywood Palace"", and he soon was opening for Frank Sinatra in nightclubs around the country. In 1965 he played Lefty

adopted Ellie's mute son Peter (Michael Bersell). Peter's muteness was psychosomatic, having developed after he witnessed a deadly fire involving his Aunt Margaret Jardin (Rue McClanahan), who had an incestuous attachment to her brother Robert (Keith Charles), Peter's father. When Robert failed to return his sister's feelings, she ran him down with a car and killed him. Peter also died in a tragic accident, and Kate, unable to cope with all the tragedy around her, began to display increasingly erratic behavior, hearing voices and acting lewdly. Kate feared that she was dying from the same brain aneurysm that claimed the

"The Normal Heart"
in the country since 1928. Ryan Murphy said in an August 2011 interview with ""Deadline"" that he had optioned ""The Normal Heart"" and intended to produce the film version, starring Mark Ruffalo ""and maybe Julia Roberts"". ""The Hollywood Reporter"" confirmed the film news in January 2012, adding Alec Baldwin, Matt Bomer, and Jim Parsons to the previously announced cast. In March 2013, Taylor Kitsch joined the cast. In April 2013, the casting of actors Jonathan Groff and Joe Mantello was announced. In May 2013, it was announced that Alfred Molina would be replacing Alec Baldwin. The film adaptation débuted on

"Tiger Woods"
his first tournament in five years with a victory at the Tour Championship and moved to #13 in the Official World Golf Rankings. Woods has broken numerous golf records. He has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer. He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times, the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times, and has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons. He has won 14 professional major golf championships, where he

trails only Jack Nicklaus who leads with 18, and 80 PGA Tour events, second all-time behind Sam Snead (82). Woods leads all active golfers in career major wins and career PGA Tour wins. He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam, and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on tour. Additionally, Woods is only the second golfer (after Nicklaus) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times. Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships, and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999.

addition to his first major, the 1997 Masters. Woods won this tournament by 12 strokes in a record-breaking performance and earned $486,000. He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997, less than a year after turning pro. Throughout the 2000s, Woods was the dominant force in golf—he won the 2000 U.S. Open by a record 15-shot margin. He was the top-ranked golfer in the world from August 1999 to September 2004 (264 weeks) and again from June 2005 to October 2010 (281 weeks). Woods took a self-imposed hiatus from professional golf from December 2009

to early April 2010 to resolve marital issues. Woods and his estranged wife Elin eventually divorced. His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several women, through many worldwide media sources. This coincided with a series of injuries, treatments by the controversial doctor Anthony Galea, who had been linked to HGH, and a loss of golf form. His placement in the Official World Golf Rankings gradually fell to a low of No. 58 in November 2011. He ended a career-high winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011. After winning the Arnold

advantage of long hitters like Woods, a strategy that became known as ""Tiger-Proofing"". Woods said he welcomed the change, in that adding yardage to courses did not affect his ability to win. Woods has won 80 official PGA Tour events, including 14 majors. He is 14–1 when going into the final round of a major with at least a share of the lead. Multiple golf experts have heralded Woods as ""the greatest closer in history"". He owns the lowest career scoring average and the most career earnings of any player in PGA Tour history. Woods' victory at the 2013 Players

Palmer Invitational on March 25, 2013, he ascended to the No.1 ranking once again, holding the top spot until May 2014, by which time he had been ranked number one for a record total of 683 weeks. From 2014–2017, Woods had been unable to recapture his dominant form, undergoing four back surgeries in 2014, 2015 and 2017. In May 2016, Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career. After falling to #1199 in the World Golf Ranking in December 2017, Woods rose over 1000 places by mid-2018. In September 2018, he won

far in excess of the forces generated by a normal golf swing. In 2006, the TAG Heuer ""Professional Golf Watch"" won the prestigious ""iF product design award"" in the Leisure/Lifestyle category. Woods also endorsed the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series of video games; he has done so since 1999. In 2006, he signed a six-year contract with Electronic Arts, the series' publisher. In February 2007, Woods, Roger Federer and Thierry Henry became ambassadors for the ""Gillette Champions"" marketing campaign. Gillette did not disclose financial terms, though an expert estimated the deal could total between $10 million and $20 million. In

Championship also marked a win in his 300th PGA Tour start. He also won golf tournaments in his 100th (in 2000) and 200th (in 2006) tour starts. Woods has spent the most consecutive and cumulative weeks atop the world rankings. He is one of five players (along with Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus) to have won all four professional major championships in his career, known as the Career Grand Slam, and was the youngest to do so. Woods is the only player to have won all four professional major championships in a row, accomplishing the feat

without playing any professional golf. Woods returned to competitive golf at the Hero World Challenge in the Bahamas. He shot rounds of 69-68-75-68 and finished tied for 9th place. His world ranking went from 1,199th to 668th, which was the biggest jump in the world rankings in his career. On Sunday, March 11, 2018, he finished one-shot back and tied for second at the Valspar Championship in Florida, his first top-five finish on the PGA Tour since 2013. He then tied for sixth with a score of five under par at the 2018 Open Championship. At the last major of

2017 M1 fairway woods, with irons to be custom made at a later date. He also added his Scotty Cameron Newport 2 GSS, a club he used to win 13 of his 14 majors. Also, in late 2016, he would add Monster Energy as his primary bag sponsor, replacing MusclePharm. According to ""Golf Digest"", Woods made $769,440,709 from 1996 to 2007, and the magazine predicted that Woods would pass one billion dollars in earnings by 2010. In 2009, ""Forbes"" confirmed that Woods was indeed the world's first athlete to earn over a billion dollars in his career, after accounting for

"FaZe Clan"
""FaZe 2.0"" by FaZe members and fans. The FaZe ""CS:GO"" team went on to become one of the most successful rosters for the 2017/2018 seasons. FaZe Clan is the most popular esports organization in the world, based on the organization's social media following. As of November 28, 2018, FaZe Clan and its members together have 82 million YouTube subscribers, 11.2 billion YouTube views, 11.3 million Twitch followers, 130 million Twitch views, 43.1 million Twitter followers, 45.8 million Instagram followers, 2.8 million Facebook likes and followers. FaZe Clan has made $6,148,290.91 from esport tournament prize pools alone. FaZe Clan started on

February 18, 2018. FaZe Clan FaZe Clan (formerly FaZe Sniping) is an American esports and entertainment organization that competes in various video game tournaments. The organization was founded as a gaming clan on YouTube by players known as Housecat, ClipZ, and Resistance in 2010, who all created ""trickshot"" videos for the video game """". In 2012, with the release of """", the organization decided to expand into competitive play. In 2016, a new era for FaZe began when the organization bought a """" professional team. This moment marked the beginning of FaZe Clan expanding into various esports. This movement is

FaZe Clan FaZe Clan (formerly FaZe Sniping) is an American esports and entertainment organization that competes in various video game tournaments. The organization was founded as a gaming clan on YouTube by players known as Housecat, ClipZ, and Resistance in 2010, who all created ""trickshot"" videos for the video game """". In 2012, with the release of """", the organization decided to expand into competitive play. In 2016, a new era for FaZe began when the organization bought a """" professional team. This moment marked the beginning of FaZe Clan expanding into various esports. This movement is referred to as

not lose a single map going into the winners bracket. FaZe’s performance continued in bracket play, defeating Team Infused in the first round. In day 3, FaZe was sent into the losers bracket, again by the eventual World League Championship winners Team EnVyUs. FaZe came up against Millenium, and won the series, to set up a match again against Splyce. The match went to an intense Game 5, which FaZe lost. FaZe finished the championship event in seventh of eight, netting them $50,000 in prize money. FaZe started the season well, winning the PlayStation Experience Invitational. At the first major

30, tied the PC Kill Record for Squads, with a combined of 53 kills. Epic has released a statement of allotting 100 million USD to future tournaments and FaZe has been sure to stay on the aggression with their competitive team. ""Italic"" nicknames are not members of FaZe Clan. FaZe Clan acquired an ""Overwatch"" roster on June 23, 2016. After one year acquiring the team, the organization disbanded it. The last remaining active member, FCTFCTN, left the roster on February 16, 2018, marking the end of the FaZe ""Overwatch"" roster. The announcement of FaZe buying Gorilla Core's ""PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds"" (""PUBG"")

YouTube in 2010 as a group of video game players who performed trickshots in ""Call of Duty"" and occasionally posted clips and montages on the video sharing site. As the members' personalities and audience preferences changed, so did the video content. The more popular FaZe YouTubers started to vlog and do creative skits to further develop their channels. Although the YouTubers are the more famous members, they do not usually compete in any competitive gaming. The YouTubers make YouTube videos in order to extend the FaZe Clan brand and entertain their fans. Within the last few years, the ""Call Of

event of the year, CWL Las Vegas 2017, the team beat OpTic and Splyce, to reach the semi-final against Rise Nation. FaZe lost the match, placing them in the losers bracket. They defeated Allegiance, before ultimately falling to Cloud9 in a close match, placing FaZe third at the event. At CWL Atlanta, FaZe only managed to get a fifth of sixth finish. The team fared better at CWL Paris 2017, reaching the final. The match got off to a false start, with technical issues forcing a stop while FaZe were up 42 -13. However, after the restart, OpTic won the

match with Team Immunity. FaZe avoided another upset by defeating them along with one of the top European teams, Epsilon eSports. FaZe won again to set up a match against the favored team compLexity, where FaZe lost. FaZe lost their next match in the losers bracket. FaZe finished in sixth place and was rewarded with a $50,000 prize. After the event, FaZe decided to make some major roster adjustments. They announced that ProoFy would be starting his own team with the creation of FaZe Black. Theory would then fill his vacant spot on the team which would now be known

as FaZe Red. To complete the FaZe Black roster, ProoFy was joined by two members of the previous team, Censor and Saints, along with FormaL. ProoFy left the team for OpTic Gaming, and Dedo filled his spot. With the rosters finally settled, the teams began practicing for UGC Niagara. Unfortunately, Saints was not attending the event, so FaZe Black was forced to find a replacement: Saint. FaZe Red finished fifth of six; FaZe Black finished ninth of twelve. Much later into the life cycle of ""Ghosts"", FaZe saw yet another roster change; however, this change was the result of personal

issues between Parasite and his teammates. Parasite was subsequently benched, but shortly after a very professional ordeal coming out of Censor, his actions were quickly undone as Dedo was traded to Evil Geniuses in exchange for the temporary loan of Karma, and Parasite returned to the active roster. With the release of ""Advanced Warfare,"" Impact, Censor and Apathy were looking for two players. They recruited SlasheR and ACHES and attended the MLG Columbus Open 2014. The matches were going well until ACHES severely cut his hand. He was still determined to play, but struggled and ended up causing the team

"A Walk Among the Tombstones (film)"
a superhero (a sickle is visible on the hero's chest, a callback to TJ's sickle cell anemia). He sits down and falls asleep. A film adaptation of Block’s novel had been in development for several years with a script from Scott Frank. In 2002, Harrison Ford was attached to star and D. J. Caruso to direct. In May 2012, Liam Neeson had reportedly signed on to play Matthew Scudder in the film, with Frank himself directing, and production slated to begin February 2013. Filming began on March 3, 2013 in New York City. Producers invited author Block to the set

to watch filming. On the casting of Neeson, Block said, ""Readers often ask who'd be my ideal Matt Scudder, and I usually change the subject. But now it's safe to tell you that, ever since I saw him in ""Michael Collins"", Neeson has been up at the top of my personal Scudder wish list. I couldn't be happier about either the star or the writer/director, both of them genuine artists and brilliant professionals. My book's in good hands."" The film was completed on October 8, 2013 and classified by the MPAA as rated R for ""strong violence, disturbing images, language,

encounter Doc. They then press on to complete their task of eliminating the Cowboys, although Clanton escapes their vengeance by renouncing his red sash. Doc is sent to a sanatorium in Colorado, where he later dies of his illness. At Doc's urging, Wyatt pursues Josephine to begin a new life. The film was shot primarily on location in Arizona. Shooting began in May 1993. The film was supposed to be screenwriter Kevin Jarre's first job as director, but he was quickly overwhelmed by the job–failing to get needed shots and falling behind the shooting schedule. A month into filming, he

The film was directed by Roel Reine and written by Shane Kuhn and Brendan Cowles. Filming commenced in around April 2012. Filming locations included Bucharest, Romania. For the film's music, director Reine wanted ""a contemporary score for a traditional film with a unique twist"". The music was composed by the British electronic music group Hybrid, comprising Michael Truman, Chris Healings and Charlotte James. The soundtrack was released on October 15, 2013, by Back Lot Records. Earlier reports stated that the film would be released in December 2012. This proved to be untrue. ""Dead in Tombstone"" was first released on digital

A Walk Among the Tombstones (film) A Walk Among the Tombstones is a 2014 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Scott Frank, and based on the 1992 novel of the same name by Lawrence Block. It stars Liam Neeson, Dan Stevens, David Harbour, Brian Bradley, and Boyd Holbrook. ""A Walk Among the Tombstones"" was released on September 19, 2014. Critical reception was mixed and the film grossed $62 million worldwide. In 1991, Detective Matthew ""Matt"" Scudder (Liam Neeson) is in a car with his partner, who urges him to get help and expresses his concern that Scudder is

and brief nudity"". On October 18, 2013, Block tweeted that he had seen the film and revealed producers were aiming for a September 2014 release. On January 30, 2014, it was announced the film would be released on September 19, 2014. ""A Walk Among the Tombstones"" grossed $26 million in North America and $36.1 million in other territories for a total gross of $62.1 million, against its $28 million budget. The film earned $428,000 from Thursday night from 1,918 theaters, and $4.7 million from 2,712 theaters on its opening day. It debuted at number two at the box office on

by a third person. Out the window, Matt sees Jonas exiting an apartment building. In a tool shed belonging to Jonas on the building's roof, Matt finds photos of Reuben and Leila having sex. Jonas admits that he helped kidnap Leila. He had conspired to take Leila away from Reuben, who is a drug dealer, and help her stop using drugs. Instead, however, the other two men tortured and killed Leila. Jonas gives Matt one name, Ray, and jumps off the roof to his death. The two kidnappers, Ray (David Harbour) and Albert (Adam David Thompson), scout the home of

"The End of the Tour"
of the tour, we truly feel the weight and impact of what a loss for our culture Wallace’s death was."" Principal photography began on February 19, 2014, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Hudsonville, Michigan, and continued for five weeks. On March 19, 2014, it was announced that filming was taking place at JW Marriott Grand Rapids and shooting was said to wrap soon. Around March 21, some scenes were filmed at the Mall of America and near the Third Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis. The film's soundtrack, written by Danny Elfman, was released by Lakeshore Records on July 24, 2015. Supervised

"Tombstone Rashomon"
with ""The Huffington Post"", Cox stated that he had originally planned to film in Boulder, Colorado but then decided to shoot in Tucson instead. Filming took place at the Old Tucson Studios west of Tucson near the actual O.K. Corral. In an interview with ""Tucson Weekly"", Cox stated that the producers of ""Snowden"" matched the funds already accumulated, helping Cox to complete the film. The film screened as a work in progress at the Ashland Independent Film Festival at 6:40 p.m. on Saturday, April 8, 2017, at the Cinedelphia Film Festival at 7:00 p.m. on April 15, 2017, and at

"Paraguay River"
Paraguay River The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia. The Paraguay's source is south of Diamantino in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil. It follows a generally southwesterly course, passing through the Brazilian city of Cáceres. It then turns in a generally southward direction, flowing through the Pantanal wetlands, the city of

Corumbá, then running close to the Brazil-Bolivia border for a short distance in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. From the city of Puerto Bahia Negra, Paraguay, the river forms the border between Paraguay and Brazil, flowing almost due south before the confluence with the Apa River. The Paraguay makes a long, gentle curve to the south-southeast before resuming a more south-southwesterly course, dividing the country of Paraguay into two distinct halves: the Gran Chaco region to the west, a largely uninhabited semi-arid region; and the eastern forested departments of the country, accounting for some

98% of the country's inhabitants. As such the river is considered perhaps the key geographical feature of the country with which it shares its name. Some after flowing through the middle of Paraguay, at the confluence with the Pilcomayo River and passing the Paraguayan capital city, Asunción, the river forms the border with Argentina, flowing generally south-southwesterly for another before it reaches its end, joining with the Paraná River. The Paraguay River is the second major river of the Rio de la Plata Basin, after the Paraná River. The Paraguay's drainage basin, about , covers a vast area that includes

with two Amazonian rivers, the Guaporé and Mamoré. While flowing in different directions, the Paraguay, Guaporé and Mamoré all have their source in the same region in central South America. Among the species shared between these are the black phantom tetra, an important fish in the aquarium industry, and the golden dorado, which is important in the fishing industry. Available online at http://www.american.edu/TED/hidrovia.htm. Available on-line at: http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/ Paraguay River The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It

major portions of Argentina, southern Brazil, parts of Bolivia, and most of the country of Paraguay. Unlike many of the other great rivers of the Rio de la Plata Basin, the Paraguay has not been dammed for hydroelectric power generation; for this reason it is navigable for a considerable distance, second only to the Amazon River in terms of navigable length on the continent. This makes it an important shipping and trade corridor, providing a much-needed link to the Atlantic Ocean for the otherwise landlocked nations of Paraguay and Bolivia. It serves such important cities as Asunción and Concepción in

the river's banks sometimes forces many thousands of displaced residents to seek temporary shelter until the waters recede from their homes. The Paraguayan military has been forced to dedicate land on one of its reserves in the capital to emergency housing for these displaced citizens. The river is a tourist attraction for its beauty. The Paraguay River is the primary waterway of the Pantanal wetlands of southern Brazil, northern Paraguay and parts of Bolivia. The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland and is largely dependent upon waters provided by the Paraguay River. Owing to its importance as a navigable

Paraguay and Formosa in Argentina. The river is also a source of commerce in the form of fishing, and provides irrigation for agriculture along its route. As such it provides a way of life for a number of poor fishermen who live along its banks and make the majority of their income selling fish in local markets, as well as supplying a major source of sustenance for their families. This has created issues in large cities such as Asunción, where poverty-stricken farmers from the country's interior have populated the river's banks in search of an easier lifestyle. Seasonal flooding of

as the potential economic gains, continues to this day. The Paraguay River basin includes several distinctive habitats, ranging from very clear waters such as Rio da Prata (pt) near Bonito in the upper part to the sediment-rich Bermejo River in the lower part. The suspended load of the Paraguay River is about before the inflow of Bermejo, but rises to about after. Directly after the inflow of Bermejo River, the pH of the Paraguay River may reach up to 8.2. The typical pH of the Paraguay River is 5.8—7.4 in the upper part (defined as the section before the inflow

of the first non-Pantanal tributary, the Apa River) and 6.3—7.9 in the lower part. The peak of the flood season in the Paraguay River (measured at Corumbá) is delayed 4—6 months compared to the peak of the rainy season due to the slow passage of water through the Pantanal wetlands. There are significant temperature variations depending on season. During the low water season, the water of the Paraguay River is relatively warm (typically above ) and clouded (Secchi depth typically less than ), but in the flood season it is colder (typically ) and clearer (Secchi depth typically ). The

Paraguay
Paraguay Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia). It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as ""Corazón de Sudamérica"" (""Heart of South America""). Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524 after navigating northwards from the

"Nurses' Health Study"
included Frank Speizer, Graham Colditz, Sue Hankinson, and Meir Stampfer. Over time, the study expanded. Most notably, a dietary questionnaire was added in 1980 due to investigators recognizing the impact of diet and nutrition on the development of Chronic disease.Blood, urine, saliva, and other physical samples were received and tested beginning in 1982. Experimenters followed up reports of morbidity using the National Death Index. Where possible and permitted, cancer diagnoses were reviewed. Although reports of other diseases were not followed up, self-reporting has been confirmed by medical records and doctors unaware of the answers to the study's questions. The Nurses'

Nurses' Health Study The Nurses Health Study (NHS) is a series of prospective studies that examine epidemiology and the long-term effects of nutrition, hormones, environment, and nurses' work-life on health and disease development. The studies have been among the largest investigations into risk factors for major chronic diseases ever conducted. The Nurses' Health Studies have led to many insights on health and well-being, including cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. They have include clinicians, epidemiologists, and statisticians at the Channing Laboratory (of Brigham and Women's Hospital), Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and several Harvard-affiliated hospitals,

control group following the same procedure with placebos. Findings from the study displayed a direct relationship between therapy and risk for heart disease, as opposed to the previously stated benefits. This finding largely opposed the published NHS conclusion. British Doctors Study Framingham Heart Study Nurses' Health Study The Nurses Health Study (NHS) is a series of prospective studies that examine epidemiology and the long-term effects of nutrition, hormones, environment, and nurses' work-life on health and disease development. The studies have been among the largest investigations into risk factors for major chronic diseases ever conducted. The Nurses' Health Studies have led

many correlations between environmental factors and risk for health conditions. Smoking:Related to a higher likelihood of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer, Psoriasis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Eye Disease ExerciseLack of physical activity correlated to an increased the likelihood of subjects developing Type 2 Diabetes. Exercise related directly to Breast Cancer survival. Physical activity was related to a decreased risk of the development of CVD. ObesityObesity correlated with higher likelihood of developing Type 2 Diabetes, CVD, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Psoriasis, Multiple Sclerosis, Gallstones, and Eye Disease Oral ContraceptivesPresent use decreased likelihood of Ovarian Cancer. No statistically

of women falling ill with cardiovascular disease in association with these contraceptives. Doctors Frank Speizer and Martin Vessey hoped to better understand the effects of long-term use of oral contraceptives on the health of women. After receiving funding from the National Cancer Institute in 1974, the study was directed towards the wives of doctors. When it was discovered that such responses were not ideal due to lack of medical knowledge of the participants, the study shifted its focus to nurses. The studies did not remain focused on oral contraceptives, but expanded to investigate factors such as smoking, diet, and exercise.

Policies such as the '2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans' and the Dietary Guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration regarding trans-fat related to the findings of these studies. Studies to date have led to the publication of hundreds of peer-reviewed papers. Influential figures in the NHS have published advice for women based on their findings. For example, the book ""Healthy Women and Healthy Lives""was written by Hankson, Colditz, Manson, and Speizer to reflect results of the study. This work makes explicit suggestions for a healthy lifestyle based on the study. This study was referenced in popular news by many

including Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. TheNurses' Health Study (NHS)(original cohort) was established in 1976 by Dr. Frank Speizer. Initially, the study investigated contraceptive use, smoking, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The1976 baseline group included married female registered nurses between the ages of 30 and 55. Approximately 121,700 participants in 11 of the most populous U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) responded. The survey was then distributed biennially thereafter. Over the years, the principle investigator (PI) of the NHS has

significant effects of oral contraceptives were observed in regard to risk of Breast Cancer. Present or past use did not correlate significantly with CVD. Postmenopausal Hormone TherapyPresent use related to a lower likelihood of CVD. Combination hormones (progesteron and estrogen) were associated with higher risk of Breast Cancer. Many relationships and factors were examined over the course of the study, examples including diet, coffee consumption, and sleep. Many publications diverse findings were produced as a result. Beginning in the 1960s, oral contraceptives were used by the public in the U.S. and U.K. As soon as 1966, however, there were reports

"Nursing diagnosis"
Nursing diagnosis A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician's orders (e.g., medication administration). Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment. An actual nursing diagnosis presents a problem response present at time of assessment. Whereas a medical diagnosis identifies a disorder, a nursing diagnosis identifies problems that result from that disorder. The nursing diagnostic process is

"Public health nursing"
who may need it. Public health nursing Public health nursing, a term coined by Lillian Wald of the Henry Street Settlement, or community health nursing, is a nursing specialty focused on public health. Public health nurses (PHNs) or community health nurses ""integrate community involvement and knowledge about the entire population with personal, clinical understandings of the health and illness experiences of individuals and families within the population."" Public health nursing in the United States traces back to a nurse named Lillian Wald who, in 1893, established the Henry Street Settlement in New York City and coined the expression ""public health

"Caspian Sea"
Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world and accounts for 40 to 44% of the total lacustrine waters of the world. The coastlines of the Caspian are shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The Caspian is divided into three distinct physical regions: the Northern, Middle, and Southern Caspian. The Northern–Middle boundary is the Mangyshlak Threshold, which runs through Chechen Island and Cape Tiub-Karagan. The Middle–Southern boundary is the Apsheron Threshold, a sill of tectonic origin between the Eurasian continent and an oceanic remnant, that runs through Zhiloi Island and Cape Kuuli. The Garabogazköl Bay

"Sea of Azov"
Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov (, ""Azóvskoje móre""; , ""Azóvśke móre""; , ""Азакъ денъизи"", ازاق دﻩﯕىزى) is a sea in Eastern Europe. To the south it is linked by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea, and it is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded in the northwest by Ukraine, in the southeast by Russia. The Don and Kuban are the major rivers that flow into it. The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world, with the depth varying between . There is

"Black Sea"
of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south, Caucasus Mountains to the east, Crimean Mountains to the north, Strandzha to the southwest, Dobrogea Plateau to the northwest, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest East-West extent is about . Important cities along the coast include Batumi, Burgas, Constanța, Giresun, Istanbul, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Odessa, Ordu, Poti, Rize, Samsun, Sevastopol, Sochi, Sukhumi, Trabzon, Varna, Yalta, and Zonguldak. The Black Sea has a positive water balance; that is, a net outflow of water per year through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles

of the Black Sea reaches a maximum depth of just south of Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula. The littoral zone of the Black Sea is often referred to as the Pontic littoral or Pontic zone. The area surrounding the Black Sea is commonly referred to as the ""Black Sea Region"". Its northern part lies within the ""Chernozem belt"" (black soil belt) which goes from eastern Croatia (Slavonia), along the Danube (northern Serbia, northern Bulgaria (Danubian Plain) and southern Romania (Wallachian Plain)) to northeast Ukraine and further across the Central Black Earth Region and southern Russia into Siberia. The Black Sea

isolations of the Black Sea from the rest of the global ocean system. The modern basin is divided into two sub-basins by a convexity extending south from the Crimean Peninsula. The large shelf to the north of the basin is up to wide, and features a shallow apron with gradients between 1:40 and 1:1000. The southern edge around Turkey and the eastern edge around Georgia, however, are typified by a narrow shelf that rarely exceeds in width and a steep apron that is typically 1:40 gradient with numerous submarine canyons and channel extensions. The Euxine abyssal plain in the centre

the east often changed course to empty into the Caspian through a now-desiccated riverbed called the Uzboy River, as did the Syr Darya farther north. The Caspian also has several small islands; they are primarily located in the north and have a collective land area of roughly . Adjacent to the North Caspian is the Caspian Depression, a low-lying region below sea level. The Central Asian steppes stretch across the northeast coast, while the Caucasus mountains hug the western shore. The biomes to both the north and east are characterized by cold, continental deserts. Conversely, the climate to the southwest

exceeding the depth of other regional seas, such as the Persian Gulf. The Middle and Southern Caspian account for 33% and 66% of the total water volume, respectively. The northern portion of the Caspian Sea typically freezes in the winter, and in the coldest winters ice forms in the south as well. Over 130 rivers provide inflow to the Caspian, with the Volga River being the largest. A second affluent, the Ural River, flows in from the north, and the Kura River flows into the sea from the west. In the past, the Amu Darya (Oxus) of Central Asia in

another option. Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is an Endorheic basin (a basin without outflows) located between Europe and Asia, to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the broad steppe of Central Asia. It is bounded by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast. The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and may be best known for

"Black Sea–Caspian Steppe"
Don River and Volga River which are about 60 km apart to the west of Volgograd. This article excludes the north slope of the Caucasus which is not steppe and has a distinct geography and history. Administratively it comprises (clockwise) the Astrakhan Oblast along the Volga, Kalmykia (west of Astrakhan oblast and reaching the Caspian in the south of the Volga), Northern Dagestan, the Stavropol Krai in the center-south, Krasnodar Krai in the west with its inclave of Adygea, southern Rostov Oblast in the northwest and the southern Volgograd Oblast in the north-center. The largest towns are Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd and

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is an Endorheic basin (a basin without outflows) located between Europe and Asia, to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the broad steppe of Central Asia. It is bounded by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast. The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and may be best known for its caviar

"Kate Mulgrew"
Kate Mulgrew Katherine Kiernan Maria Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on """" and Galina ""Red"" Reznikov on ""Orange Is the New Black"". She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera ""Ryan's Hope"". Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System. Mulgrew was born in 1955 in Dubuque, Iowa, into

"Kimiko Glenn"
creator Liza Koshy. Kimiko Glenn Kimiko Elizabeth Glenn (born June 27, 1989) is an American actress, known for portraying Brook Soso in the Netflix series ""Orange Is the New Black"", Dawn Pinket in the Broadway musical ""Waitress"" and Ezor in """". Glenn was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona, with her sister Amanda. Her father, Mark, is of German, Scottish and Irish descent, and her mother, Sumiko, is Japanese. Glenn began acting at the Valley Youth Theatre in Phoenix, along with several other local theaters, when she was in the fifth grade. She was educated at Desert Vista High School,

"Blair Brown"
Blair Brown Bonnie Blair Brown (born April 23, 1946) is an American theater, film and television actress. She has had a number of high-profile roles, including in the play ""Copenhagen"" on Broadway, the leading actress in the films ""Altered States"" (1980), ""Continental Divide"" (1981) and ""Strapless"" (1989), as well as a run as the title character in the comedy-drama television series ""The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd"", which ran from 1987 to 1991. Her later roles include Nina Sharp on the Fox television series ""Fringe"" and Judy King on the Netflix series ""Orange Is the New Black"". Brown was

Kimiko Glenn Kimiko Elizabeth Glenn (born June 27, 1989) is an American actress, known for portraying Brook Soso in the Netflix series ""Orange Is the New Black"", Dawn Pinket in the Broadway musical ""Waitress"" and Ezor in """". Glenn was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona, with her sister Amanda. Her father, Mark, is of German, Scottish and Irish descent, and her mother, Sumiko, is Japanese. Glenn began acting at the Valley Youth Theatre in Phoenix, along with several other local theaters, when she was in the fifth grade. She was educated at Desert Vista High School, and the Interlochen

"Adrienne C. Moore"
Adrienne C. Moore Adrienne C. Moore (born August 14, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Cindy ""Black Cindy"" Hayes in the Netflix comedy-drama series ""Orange Is the New Black"". Moore was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and grew up in Nashville and Georgia. In 2003, Moore graduated with a B.A. from Northwestern University, where she studied psychology, history, and religion. She began her career on stage, appearing in Off-Broadway productions. On television, she had small parts in ""Blue Bloods"" and ""30 Rock"", before her role on ""Orange Is the New Black"". Moore is known for

"Natasha Lyonne"
admitted to the Caron Foundation, a drug and alcohol treatment center, and appeared in court afterwards. A judge sentenced her to conditional discharge. Lyonne underwent open heart surgery to correct damage caused by her heart infection. She recovered from the surgery, and discussed her past health problems on ""The Rosie Show"" in March 2012. She has been in a relationship with ""Saturday Night Live"" alum Fred Armisen since 2014. Natasha Lyonne Natasha Lyonne (born April 4, 1979), is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Nicky Nichols on the Netflix series ""Orange Is the New Black""

"Shauna Bloom"
Shauna Bloom Shauna Bloom (born June 5, 1965 in Daly City, California) is an American stage, film and television actress, best known for her work on ""The Mentalist"" as Red John's accomplice, Rebecca Anderson. Bloom has also appeared on ""American Horror Story"", ""The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"", Nip/Tuck, and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Film work includes ""Memoria"" with James Franco, ""Funeral Day"", ""Is it a Crime"" with Cam’ron Giles, ""Knock Her Socks Off"" (Best Actress Nom, Flagler Film Festival), ""Sunshine Underground"" (official selection Glendale and Wasteland Film festivals) and the Oscar-winning live action short ""Visas and Virtue"". She

member on Adult Swim's """" as Kove, the leader of the titular terrorism-fighting unit and ex-wife of series lead Paul Scheer's character. Since 2013, Mulgrew stars as inmate Galina ""Red"" Reznikov in the Netflix original series ""Orange Is the New Black"", the role for which she was nominated for her first Primetime Emmy Award in 2014. The popular character was re-signed for seasons two, three, four, five, and six. On working in the series she was reunited with her ""Mercy"" co-star Taylor Schilling. In 2014, Mulgrew narrated a documentary film, ""The Principle"", that aims to promote the discredited idea of

"Lea DeLaria"
Trump as U.S. President, DeLaria was criticized for a profanity-laden post on Instagram in which she appeared to call for violence against people who supported Donald Trump. She later deleted the post. Lea DeLaria Lea DeLaria (born May 23, 1958) is an American comedian, actress, and jazz singer. DeLaria is credited with being the first openly gay comic to appear on a late-night talk show with her 1993 appearance on ""The Arsenio Hall Show"". She is best known for her portrayal of inmate Carrie ""Big Boo"" Black on Netflix original series ""Orange Is the New Black"". DeLaria was born in

2003), """" (2004), ""Robots"" (2005), ""All About Evil"" (2010), ""Sleeping with Other People"", ""Hello My Name Is Doris"", ""Addicted to Fresno"" (all 2015), ""Yoga Hosers"", ""Antibirth"", ""The Intervention"" (all 2016), and ""Show Dogs"" (2017). Lyonne was born in New York City as Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein, the daughter of Ivette Buchinger and Aaron Braunstein, a boxing promoter, race car driver, and radio host, who was distantly related to cartoonist Al Jaffee. Lyonne's parents were both from Orthodox Jewish families, and she herself was raised Orthodox. Her mother was born in Paris, France, to Hungarian Jewish parents who were Holocaust survivors.

"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)"
flower district, a sudden eclipse of the sun occurred, and when the light returned, the weird plant had appeared (""Da-Doo""). Seymour, who is secretly in love with Audrey, names the plant Audrey II in her honor. The plant does not thrive in its new environment and appears to be dying. Seymour questions why it should be doing poorly, since he takes such good care of it. He accidentally pricks his finger on a rose thorn, which draws blood, and Audrey II's pod opens thirstily. Seymour realizes that Audrey II requires blood to survive and allows the plant to suckle from

"Little Shop of Horrors (film)"
They lament that they cannot escape the neighborhood (""Skid Row (Downtown)""). Struggling from a lack of customers, Mr. Mushnik (Vincent Gardenia) decides to close the store, but Audrey suggests he may have more success by displaying an unusual plant that Seymour owns. Immediately attracting a customer, Seymour explains he bought the plant, which he dubbed ""Audrey II"", from a Chinese flower shop during a solar eclipse (""Da-Doo""). Attracting business to Mushnik's shop, the plant soon starts dying, worrying Seymour. Accidentally pricking his finger, he then discovers Audrey II needs human blood to thrive (""Grow for Me""). Seymour takes Audrey II

in time to save Audrey, escapes the store with her. Explaining that he fed the plant to become successful and win Audrey's heart, Seymour discovers she has always loved him. Approached by an executive named Patrick Martin (Jim Belushi) from a botanical company, Seymour is offered a contract to breed Audrey II and sell the saplings worldwide. Horrified by the idea, Seymour drives Martin away and realizes he must destroy Audrey II for the sake of humanity. Returning to the shop, Seymour learns that Audrey II is actually an alien from outer space (""Mean Green Mother from Outer Space""). Audrey

"The Little Shop of Horrors"
the real Audrey. Seymour fetches his sickly, odd-looking, potted plant, but Mushnick is unimpressed. When it is suggested that Audrey Jr.'s uniqueness might attract people to see it, Mushnick gives Seymour one week to revive it. The usual kinds of plant food do not nourish the plant, but when Seymour accidentally pricks his finger he discovers that the plant craves blood. Fed on Seymour's blood, Audrey Jr. begins to grow and the shop's revenues increase due to the curious customers who are lured in to see the plant. The plant develops the ability to speak and demands that Seymour feed

and sell them across America. Seymour realizes the plant's evil plan: during the solar eclipse, Audrey II came from an unknown planet to conquer Earth. He tries shooting, cutting, and poisoning the plant, but it has grown too hardy to kill. Seymour, in desperation, runs into its open jaws with a machete planning to kill it from the inside, but he is quickly eaten. Patrick, Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon search for Seymour. Not finding him, Patrick tells the girls to take the cuttings. Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon relate that, following these events, other plants appeared across America, tricking innocent people

to damage his relationship with Audrey to keep her from discovering the plant's nature, he confronts the plant asserting he will no longer do its bidding. The plant then employs hypnosis on Seymour and commands him to bring it more food. He wanders the night streets and knocks out a street walker to feed Audrey Jr. Lacking clues about the mysterious disappearances of the two men, Fink and Stoolie attend a sunset celebration at the shop, during which Seymour is to be presented with the trophy and Audrey Jr.'s buds are expected to open. As the attendees look on, four

and eats him alive. The plant then spits out Seymour's glasses and laughs victoriously (""Mean Green Mother from Outer Space)"". The three chorus girls appear in front of a large American flag and tell how although Audrey II buds became a worldwide consumer craze, the buds grew into an army of monstrous plants who begin to take over the Earth. Giant Audrey II plants are shown destroying cities, toppling buildings, as well as eating people. The United States Army attempts to fight the buds as they ascend the Statue of Liberty and Audrey II eventually bursts through the movie screen

street urchins: Crystal, Chiffon and Ronette, named after (and reminiscent of) girl groups of the 1960s. The plant is named ""Audrey II"" in the musical, rather than the film's ""Audrey Junior"", and instead of being a crossbreed of a butterwort and a Venus Flytrap, in the musical it is a creature from outer space intent on taking over the world. Perhaps the biggest difference is the ending. The musical ends with Orin, Mushnik, Audrey and Seymour all eaten by the plant, and the three girls report that Audrey II's progeny continues to consume people. In the 1960 film, Mushnik and

off the roof of a building, only to be stopped by Patrick Martin. Martin offers to reproduce and sell Audrey IIs and has already grown a smaller Audrey II from one of the cuttings that he harvested earlier. He also warns Seymour that his consent is not necessary as plants are considered to be in the public domain. Realizing Audrey II is planning global domination, Seymour climbs down from the roof with the resolution to destroy the plant. Returning to the shop, he confronts and tries to kill Audrey II, who tears down the shop, fishes him from the rubble

for the theatrical release with a ""happier ending."" In the original ending, when Audrey is attacked by the plant, Seymour pulls her from its jaws but is too late to save her, as she is mortally wounded. As she is dying she tells him what the plant said about Orin and Mushnik, and then Seymour confesses that he fed them to the plant. Audrey requests that Seymour feed her to the plant too so that it will live and Seymour can earn the success he deserves (""Somewhere That's Green (Reprise)""). After fulfilling her dying wish, he attempts suicide by jumping

"Field goal percentage"
field goal percentage for a single season was set by Wilt Chamberlain with 0.727 in the 1972–73 season. Field goal percentages were substantially lower in the NBA until the mid-to-late 1960s. For this reason, many early NBA stars have low field goal percentages, such as Bob Cousy at .375, and George Mikan, Bob Pettit, and Bill Russell, whose career field goal percentages of .404, .436, and .440, respectively, are much lower than later post players. Three-point field goal percentage is usually kept as additional statistics. Its abbreviation is 3FG%. A 3FG% of .400 and above is a very good percentage.

and 6.6 attempts (33% effectiveness). The 1999–2000 season had an average 4.8 three-point goals per game and 13.7 attempts (35% effectiveness). The 2009-10 season had an average 6.4 three-point goals per game and 18.1 attempts (36% effectiveness). The 2016–17 season had an average 9.7 three-point goals per game and 27.0 attempts (36% effectiveness). A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the

"Craig Hodges"
had been ""blackballed"" because of his political views. The two have a son Jordan Hodges, a singer/rapper, and boxer with TMT. Craig Hodges Craig Anthony Hodges (born June 27, 1960) is an American retired professional basketball player and former head coach of the Westchester Knicks of the NBA Development League. He played in the NBA for 10 seasons and led the league in 3-point shooting percentage three times. He won two NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls, and along with Larry Bird, is one of only two players to win three consecutive Three Point Contests at the National Basketball Association

"George McCloud"
most 3-point attempts in a season. In his NBA career, McCloud played in 766 games and scored a total of 6,925 points. McCloud was a productive three point shooter throughout his career. At NBA All-Star Weekend in 1996, he appeared in the Three-point Shootout but lost in the semifinal round. McCloud has the second-highest total for three-point attempts in an NBA game, with 20 (making seven of them) in a game for the Dallas Mavericks against the New Jersey Nets on March 5, 1996. George McCloud George Aaron McCloud (born May 27, 1967) is an American retired professional basketball player.

"Field goal (basketball)"
the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school basketball. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the NBA record for field goals made in a career with 15,837. Wilt Chamberlain, one of the most prolific scorers of all time, holds the top four spots for most field goals made in a season and has the two top field goal percentages for a season. One of the greatest field-goal shooters of all time is Michael Jordan, who led the NBA in field goals made ten times. Shaquille O'Neal has the record for most seasons (10) with the best field goal percentage, and Artis Gilmore

Craig Hodges Craig Anthony Hodges (born June 27, 1960) is an American retired professional basketball player and former head coach of the Westchester Knicks of the NBA Development League. He played in the NBA for 10 seasons and led the league in 3-point shooting percentage three times. He won two NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls, and along with Larry Bird, is one of only two players to win three consecutive Three Point Contests at the National Basketball Association All-Star Weekend, winning the competition in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Hodges also holds the Three Point Contest records for the most

Field goal percentage does not completely tell the skill of a player, but a low field goal percentage can indicate a poor offensive player or a player who takes many difficult shots. In the NBA, Center Shaquille O'Neal had a high career FG% (around .580) because he played near the basket making many high percentage layups and dunks. Guard Allen Iverson often had a low FG% (around .420) because he took the bulk of his team's shot attempts, even with high difficulty shots. The NBA career record for field goal percentage is held by DeAndre Jordan at 0.671. The highest

Walmart
the United States]] [[Category:Online retailers of the United States]] [[Category:Retail companies established in 1962]] [[Category:Supermarkets of China]] [[Category:Supermarkets of the United States]] [[Category:Superstores in the United States]] Walmart Walmart Inc. (formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses. Walmart has 11,277 stores and clubs in 27countries, operating under 55 differentnames. The company operates under the name Walmart in

Walmart
Walmart Walmart Inc. (formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses. Walmart has 11,277 stores and clubs in 27countries, operating under 55 differentnames. The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in

"Operations management"
provided the first example of very low cost retailing through design of their stores and efficient management of their entire supply chain. Starting with a single store in Roger's Arkansas in 1962, Walmart has now become the world's largest company. This was accomplished by adhering to their system of delivering the goods and the service to the customers at the lowest possible cost. The operations system included careful selection of merchandise, low cost sourcing, ownership of transportation, cross-docking, efficient location of stores and friendly home-town service to the customer. In 1987 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), recognizing the growing

Walmart
talk show host Ellen DeGeneres to launch a new brand of women's apparel and accessories called EV1. Walmart's operations are organized into four divisions: Walmart U.S., Walmart International, Sam's Club and Global eCommerce. The company offers various retail formats throughout these divisions, including supercenters, supermarkets, hypermarkets, warehouse clubs, cash-and-carry stores, home improvement, specialty electronics, restaurants, apparel stores, drugstores, convenience stores, and digital retail. Walmart U.S. is the company's largest division, accounting for , or 62.3 percent of total sales, for fiscal 2016. It consists of three retail formats that have become commonplace in the United States: Supercenters, Discount Stores, Neighborhood

Walmarting
the spread of Walmart's business model to other big-box retailers throughout the American economy, and the national or global implications of that proliferation. The Walmart business model includes: marketing to a broad ""family"" demographic that includes rural as well as urban, ethnic minorities as well as mainstream, people without a higher-level education, lower- or working-class consumers, as well as the middle-class; one-stop shopping based on a very large selection of goods and services; the use of intense price-competition and high-technology inventory management to stimulate and satisfy end-user demand; extreme economies of scale based on big-box delivery of consumables; aggressive supply-chain

Walmart
Securities and Exchange Commission]]. it has 3,292,377,090 outstanding shares. These are held mainly by the [[Walton family]], a number of [[Institutional investor|institutions]] and [[Mutual fund|funds]]. In North America, Walmart's primary competitors include [[grocery store]]s and [[department store]]s like [[Aldi]], [[Kmart]], [[Kroger]], [[Ingles]], [[Publix]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[Harris Teeter]], [[Shopko]], and [[Meijer]], and [[Winn Dixie]], Canada's The [[Real Canadian Superstore]], [[Sobeys]] and [[Giant Tiger]], and Mexico's [[Comercial Mexicana]] and [[Soriana]]. Competitors of Walmart's Sam's Club division are [[Costco]] and the smaller [[BJ's Wholesale Club]] chain. Walmart's move into the grocery business in the late 1990s set it against major supermarket chains in

"Department store"
Department store A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as ""departments"". In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury. Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris (""Le Bon Marché"" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's). Today, departments often include the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, houseware, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware. Additionally, other

Walmart
Markets, and other small formats. The discount stores sell a variety of mostly non-grocery products, though emphasis has now shifted towards supercenters, which include more groceries. there are a total of 4,755 Walmart U.S. stores. In the United States, 90 percent of the population resides within 10 miles of a Walmart store. The president and CEO of Walmart U.S. is Greg Foran. Walmart Supercenters, branded simply as ""Walmart"", are hypermarkets with sizes varying from , but averaging about . These stock general merchandise and a full-service supermarket, including meat and poultry, baked goods, delicatessen, frozen foods, dairy products, garden produce,

"General store"
food items such as milk and bread, and various household goods such as hardware and electrical supplies. The concept of the general store is very old, and although some still exist, there are far fewer than there once were, due to urbanization, urban sprawl, and the relatively recent phenomenon of big-box stores. The term ""general merchandise store"" is also used to describe a hybrid of a department store, with a wide selection of goods, and a discount store, with low prices. Examples include J. C. Penney and Sears. General dealers were established in the 18th and 19th century in many

"History of Walmart"
Stream, New York, store. The worker died of asphyxiation after being knocked to the ground and trampled by a crowd of about 2,000 shoppers who surged into the store for its annual 'Blitz Friday' pre-holiday sales event."" As of October 2009, Walmart stores operate in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. History of Walmart The history of Walmart, an American discount department store chain, began in 1950 when businessman Sam Walton purchased a store from Luther E. Harrison in Bentonville, Arkansas, and

"America's Next Top Model (season 8)"
""One Shot"" and Shiny Toy Guns' ""Le Disko."" The winner was 20-year-old Jaslene Gonzalez from Chicago, Illinois, who notably had made it to the semi-finals of cycle 7, but was not cast. Gonzalez became the first winner without any bottom two appearance. The cycle's finale episode attracted more than 6.6 million viewers, a record for both the franchise and the CW. ""First aired February 28, 2007"" ""First aired March 7, 2007"" ""First aired March 14, 2007"" ""First aired March 21, 2007"" ""First aired March 28, 2007"" ""First aired April 4, 2007"" ""First aired April 11, 2007"" ""First aired April 18,

"Australia's Next Top Model (season 8)"
York, Milan and Paris, as well as a 20,000 cash prize thanks to TRESemmé, a brand new Nissan Dualis, an overseas trip to Paris to meet with IMG Paris, and an eight-page editorial spread and the cover of ""Harper's Bazaar"" Australia. The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Melissa Juratowitch from Melbourne, Victoria. Fifty semi-finalists were selected to take part in this years' competition. The first episode of the show was shown in a special screening for fans of the series. Fifteen official contestants were chosen to compete for the title. The all contestants had to be aged 16 or

"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 8)"
1 December. The filming of the show wrapped up on April 2012. The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Models 1, a fashion spread and cover feature in ""Company"" magazine, a contract with Revlon cosmetics, an international fashion campaign for Miss Selfridge, trip to Atlantis, The Palm in Dubai courtesy of Destinology, and an apartment at 51 Buckingham Gate. The winner of the competition was 18 year-old Letitia Herod from Oxshott, Surrey. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" Amelia Raven - 10 Anita Kaushik - 10 Anne Winterburn - 10 Emma Grattidge - 10 Emma Sharratt

"Germany's Next Topmodel (season 8)"
for a third time to the show. As in the last preceding years, a pre-selection was done, and open castings were not part of the show anymore. The first episode started off with 26 semifinalists of whom however only 25 were introduced to the audience. The show however was off with a disappointing launch as it showed a ratings drop in comparison to the last cycle's premiere. The winner was 16-year-old Lovelyn Enebechi from Hamburg. Among the prizes were a modeling contract with Günther Klum's OneEins Management, an Opel Adams automobile, a spread and a cover in German Cosmopolitan, and

"America's Next Top Model (season 9)"
the most successful in the show's history. This was also the last cycle to date in which Twiggy was featured as a judge. For cycle 10, she was replaced by Paulina Porizkova. The winner was 21-year-old Saleisha Stowers from Los Angeles, California. ""First aired September 19, 2007"" ""First aired September 26, 2007"" ""First aired October 3, 2007"" ""First aired October 10, 2007"" ""First aired October 17, 2007"" ""First aired October 24, 2007"" ""First aired October 31, 2007"" ""First aired November 7, 2007"" ""First aired November 14, 2007"" ""First aired November 21, 2007"" ""First aired November 28, 2007"" ""First aired December

"America's Next Top Model (season 10)"
also altered; Twiggy was replaced by Czech model Paulina Porizkova due to the former's scheduling conflicts. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destination for this cycle is Rome, Italy. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Whitney Thompson from Atlantic Beach, Florida. Thompson was the first plus-size model to win the competition. This season averaged 4.23 million viewers. Starting with this season, episode titles are taken from quotes made by the contestants and crew. It replaces ""The Girl is..."" episode. ""First aired February 20, 2008"" ""First aired February 27, 2008"" ""First aired March 5, 2008"" ""First aired March

that most of cycle 8's girls were unusually heavy smokers. ""Tyra and I understand the influence 'Top Model' has on a generation of young people, and we want to make sure we get the right message to our audience,"" Mok said, which then prompted the ""green"" theme of cycle 9. The winner of cycle 9, Saleisha Stowers, was discovered to have been in a Wendy's commercial, on a catwalk in the cycle 6 show and an episode of Tyra Banks Show prior to her participation. The rules of the competition stated that a contestant must not have appeared as a

"America's Next Top Model (season 18)"
CBS Records, and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old British model Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle featured seven contestants from previous cycles of ""Britain's Next Top Model"" for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 1 and 7 were unrepresented, cycles 2, 3, 4 and 6 were each represented by one contestant, and cycle 5 was represented by three contestants. The returning contestants from ""Britain's Next Top Model"" and their prior placements were: No episode aired on April 4, 2012 due to the CW's broadcast of ""One Tree Hill"" series

"America's Next Top Model (season 12)"
the first time since cycle 9, after being maintained at 14 in the last two cycles. This was the last time Paulina Porizkova participated as judge. The winner was 20-year-old Teyona Anderson from Woodstown, New Jersey. This season averaged 4.35 million viewers per episode. ""(ages stated are at start of contest)"" ""First aired March 4, 2009"" 34 semi-finalists arrived at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they were dressed up as ""goddesses"" and took a profile shot before showing off their walks. Later that night, Tyra arrived dressed up as the ""Goddess of Fierce"", and told the models that

MacBook Pro The MacBook Pro (sometimes abbreviated as MBP) is a line of Macintosh portable computers introduced in January 2006 by Apple Inc. It is the high-end model of the MacBook family and is currently available in 13- and 15-inch screen sizes. A 17-inch version was available between April 2006 and June 2012. The first generation MacBook Pro is externally similar to the PowerBook G4 it replaces, but uses Intel Core processors instead of PowerPC G4 chips. The 15-inch model was introduced first, in January 2006; the 17-inch model followed in April. Both received several updates and Core 2 Duo

FireWire 800 port and all except the 17-inch models would receive an SD card slot. The 17-inch model would retain its ExpressCard/34 slot. For the 13-inch MacBook Pro, the Kensington lock slot was moved to the right side of the chassis. In August 2009, Apple extended the ""matte"" anti-glare display option to the 15-inch MacBook Pro. On April 13, 2010, Intel Core i5 and Core i7 CPUs were introduced in the 15- and 17-inch models, while the 13-inch retained the Core 2 Duo with a speed increase. The power brick was redesigned and a high-resolution display (of 1,680 × 1,050)

processors later that year. The product's second iteration, known as the ""unibody"" model, has a casing made from a single piece of aluminum. It debuted in October 2008 in 13- and 15-inch screen sizes. In January 2009, the 17-inch model was updated with the same unibody design. Subsequent updates brought upgraded Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and introduced Intel's Thunderbolt technology. Apple released the third generation of MacBook Pro with a 15-inch screen during WWDC 2012 and discontinued the 17-inch variant. The previous generation 13- and 15-inch unibody models continued to sell with updated processors. The third generation model

also investigating similar cases across the United States. On February 20, 2015, Apple instituted the This ""will repair affected MacBook Pro systems, free of charge"". The program covered affected MacBook Pro models until December 31, 2016 or four years from original date of sale. On June 11, 2012 at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, Apple introduced the third generation MacBook Pro, marketed as the ""MacBook Pro with Retina display"" to differentiate it from the predecessor model. The new model includes Intel's third generation Core i7 processors (Ivy Bridge microarchitecture), USB 3.0, and a high-resolution 15.4"" IPS 2880×1800-pixel

keyboard with separated black keys. During the MacWorld Expo keynote on January 6, 2009, Phil Schiller announced a 17-inch MacBook Pro with unibody construction. This version diverged from its 15-inch sibling with an anti-glare ""matte"" screen option (with the glossy finish standard) and a non user-removable lithium polymer battery. Instead of traditional round cells inside the casing, the lithium-ion polymer batteries are shaped and fitted into each laptop to maximally utilize space. Adaptive charging, which uses a chip to optimize the charge flow to reduce wear and tear, extends the battery's overall life. Battery life for the 17"" version is

"Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2"
Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 The Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 is a 12.2-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the new generation of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series and Pro tablets, which also includes an 8.4-inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 8.4, a 10.1-inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1, and another 12.2 inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Note Pro 12.2. It was announced on 6 January 2014. It was launched on March 9, 2014 with a price from $649 in the US. The Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 was announced on

"Spanish missions in Texas"
The mission remained open until 1773. Mission San Antonio de Valero was established on May 1, 1718, as the first Spanish mission along the San Antonio River. It was named for San Antonio de Padua, the patron saint of the mission's founder, Father Antonio de Olivares as well as for the viceroy of New Spain, the Marquis de Valero. The mission later became known as the Alamo. Its first location was west of San Pedro Springs, and after being moved several times, it was finally established above a bend in the San Antonio River, where it would be easy to

"Mission San José (Texas)"
Mission San José (Texas) Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo is an historic Catholic mission in San Antonio, Texas, United States. The mission was named in part for the Marquis de San Miguel de Aguayo, José de Azlor y Virto de Vera. Many buildings on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, borrow architectural elements from those found at Mission San José. The mission was founded on February 23, 1720, because Mission San Antonio de Valero had become overcrowded shortly after its founding with refugees from the closed East Texas missions. Father Antonio Margil received permission

"Mission San Francisco de la Espada"
Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain in present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain. The mission was built in order to convert local Native Americans to Christianity and solidify Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. Today, the structure is one of four missions that comprise San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. Founded in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near Weches, Texas and southwest of present-day Alto, Texas,

In its first two years of existence, the mission faced much hardship, as floodwaters and then drought destroyed their crops. After an epidemic killed half of the local population, the Hasinai became convinced that the missionaries had caused the deaths. Fearing an attack, on October 25, 1693 the missionaries buried the mission bell, set the building ablaze, and retreated to Mexico. The mission was reestablished on July 3, 1716, as Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas. In 1721, it was renamed Mission San Francisco de los Neches. It was moved in 1731 to San Antonio where it was named

Mission San Francisco de la Espada was the second mission established in Texas. Three priests, three soldiers and supplies were left among the Nabedache Indians. The new mission was dedicated on June 1, 1690. A smallpox epidemic in the winter of 1690-1691 killed an estimated 3,300 people in the area. The Nabedache believed the Spaniards brought the disease and hostilities developed between the two groups. Drought besieged the mission in the summers of 1691 and 1692, and the Nabedache wished to get rid of the mission. Under threat of personal attack, the priests began packing their belongings in the fall

to the west. The first mission established within the boundaries of Spanish Texas was San Francisco de la Espada. In 1689, Spanish authorities found the remnants of a French settlement, Fort Saint Louis. During their expedition, the Spanish met representatives of the Caddo people, who lived between the Trinity and the Red Rivers. The Caddo expressed interest in learning about Christianity, and the following year Alonso De León led an expedition to establish a mission in East Texas. It was completed near the Hasinai village of Nabedaches in late May, and its first mass was conducted on June 1, 1690.

"Mission San Diego de Alcalá"
the mission bells. This mission had five bells. Mission San Diego de Alcalá Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá was the first Franciscan mission in The Californias, a province of New Spain. Located in present-day San Diego, California, it was founded on July 16, 1769, by Spanish friar Junípero Serra in an area long inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The mission and the surrounding area were named for the Catholic Didacus of Alcalá, a Spaniard more commonly known as ""San Diego"". The mission was the site of the first Christian burial in Alta California. San Diego is also generally regarded

Mission San Diego de Alcalá Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá was the first Franciscan mission in The Californias, a province of New Spain. Located in present-day San Diego, California, it was founded on July 16, 1769, by Spanish friar Junípero Serra in an area long inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The mission and the surrounding area were named for the Catholic Didacus of Alcalá, a Spaniard more commonly known as ""San Diego"". The mission was the site of the first Christian burial in Alta California. San Diego is also generally regarded as the site of the region's first public

missions along the San Antonio River, Franciscan missionaries oversaw the construction of seven gravity-flow ditches, dams, and at least one aqueduct — a network that irrigated approximately of land."" Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain in present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain. The mission was built in order to convert local Native Americans to Christianity and solidify Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. Today, the structure is one

Mission San Francisco de la Espada. The surviving structure is now part of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park operated by the National Park Service. A commemorative representation of Mission San Francisco de los Tejas, is located in Weches at Mission Tejas State Park. Mission Santísimo Nombre de María was the second mission established by the Spanish in East Texas. Built for the native Neches population, the mission opened in September 1690 northeast of Mission San Francisco. The mission consisted of a straw chapel and a house for the priest. It was destroyed by a flood in 1692. Mission San

"Public Provident Fund (India)"
for PPF accounts opened in the name of minor children. Parents can act as guardians in such PPF accounts of minor children. Any amount deposited in excess of ₹1.5 lacs in a financial year won't earn any interest. The amount can be deposited in lump sum or in a maximum of 12 installments per year. However, this does not mean a single deposit once in a month. The Ministry of Finance, Government of India announces the rate of interest for PPF account every quarter. The current interest rate effective from 1 October 2018 is 8"".0%"" ""Per Annum'"" (compounded annually). Interest

"Producer price index"
Producer price index A producer price index (PPI) is a price index that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. Its importance is being undermined by the steady decline in manufactured goods as a share of spending. A number of countries that now report a producer price index previously reported a wholesale price index. In the US, the PPI was known as the Wholesale Price Index, or WPI, up to 1978. The PPI is one of the oldest continuous systems of statistical data published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as well as one

"Federal funds rate"
in December 2015. The last full cycle of rate increases occurred between June 2004 and June 2006 as rates steadily rose from 1.00% to 5.25%. The target rate remained at 5.25% for over a year, until the Federal Reserve began lowering rates in September 2007. The last cycle of easing monetary policy through the rate was conducted from September 2007 to December 2008 as the target rate fell from 5.25% to a range of 0.00–0.25%. Between December 2008 and December 2015 the target rate remained at 0.00–0.25%, the lowest rate in the Federal Reserve's history, as a reaction to the

"Personal consumption expenditures price index"
prices are stable or falling. PCE has been tracked since January 1959. Through July 2018, inflation measured by PCE has averaged 3.3%, while it has averaged 3.8% using CPI. This may be due to the failure of CPI to take into account the substitution effect. Alternatively, an unpublished report on this difference by the Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that most of it is from different ways of calculating hospital expenses and airfares. In its ""Monetary Policy Report to the Congress"" (""Humphrey-Hawkins Report"") from February 17, 2000 the FOMC said it was changing its primary measure of inflation from the

"Interest rate"
bubble, in which large amounts of investments are poured into the real-estate market and stock market. In developed economies, interest-rate adjustments are thus made to keep inflation within a target range for the health of economic activities or cap the interest rate concurrently with economic growth to safeguard economic momentum. In the past two centuries, interest rates have been variously set either by national governments or central banks. For example, the Federal Reserve federal funds rate in the United States has varied between about 0.25% to 19% from 1954 to 2008, while the Bank of England base rate varied between

(traded on the Chicago Board of Trade) can be used to infer the market's expectations of future Fed policy changes. Based on CME Group 30-Day Fed Fund futures prices, which have long been used to express the market’s views on the likelihood of changes in U.S. monetary policy, the CME Group FedWatch tool allows market participants to view the probability of an upcoming Fed Rate hike. One set of such ""implied probabilities"" is published by the Cleveland Fed. the target range for the Federal Funds Rate is 2.00–2.25%. This represents the eighth increase in the target rate since tightening began

"Consumer price index"
Replacing the current cost-of-living adjustment calculation with the chained CPI was considered, but not adopted, as part of a deficit-reduction proposal to avert the sequestration cuts, or fiscal cliff, in January 2013, but President Obama included it in his April 2013 budget proposal. Because of some shortcomings of the CPI, notably that it uses static expenditure weighting and it does not account for the substitution effect, the PCEPI is an alternative price index used by the Federal Reserve, among others, to measure inflation. From January 1959 through July 2018, inflation measured by the PCEPI has averaged 3.3%, while it has

"Pakistani rupee"
the NWFP and FATA areas, foreign direct investment began to fall, and the structural problems of the balance of payment were exposed; foreign exchange reserves fell disastrously to as low as $2 billion. However, by February 2011 Forex reserves had recovered and set a new record of $17 billion. Of that $17 billion, more than $10 billion was borrowed money on which interest was payable. In February 2016 the rupee was Rs 104.66 against US dollar. In December 2017, after holding talks with the IMF, Pakistan agreed to depreciate the rupee and the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) would now

"Personal pension scheme"
at a low level, and which satisfy certain other conditions, are known as stakeholder pension. Contributions to a PPS can be made either from the individual or from an employer. An individual can, each year, put in an amount up to the lower of 100% of their earned income or the prevailing annual allowance. The annual allowance for the tax year 2008/09 was £235,000, but it was reduced to £50,000 for tax years from 2011/12 and was further reduced to £40,000 from the 2014-15 tax year. It is worth noting that an individual can in fact put in higher amounts

"Purchasing power parity"
year i, PPPrate is the PPP exchange rate of country X for the benchmark year, PPPrate is the PPP exchange rate of the United States (US) for the benchmark year (equal to 1), GDPdef is the GDP deflator of country X for year i, GDPdef is the GDP deflator of country X for the benchmark year, GDPdef is the GDP deflator of the US for year i, and GDPdef is the GDP deflator of the US for the benchmark year. There are a number of reasons that different measures do not perfectly reflect standards of living. The goods that the

"The Lion King (musical)"
an instant success before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in many previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of ""Mary Poppins"", where it is still running after more than 8,500 performances. It is Broadway's third longest-running show in history, and has grossed more than $1 billion, making it the highest grossing Broadway production of all time. Over 95 million people worldwide have seen the musical and it has earned numerous awards and

2014. After the success of the Broadway show, the show opened in the United Kingdom in on October 19, 1999. The cast included Cornell John as Mufasa, Luke Youngblood as Young Simba, Dominique Moore as Young Nala, Martyn Ellis as Pumbaa, Simon Gregor as Timon, Rob Edwards as Scar, Paul J. Medford as Banzai and Josette Bushell-Mingo as Rafiki. As of October 2015, it has been playing at the Lyceum Theatre in London for 16 years. Taymor directed the British production of the show, with Melissa De Melo as the producer. The show also toured the UK from 2012 until

December 30, 2011, it turned into the second longest run the show had in a same American city (only coming after Broadway), running longer than the 2000–2003 Los Angeles Production. A Los Angeles production began performances at the Pantages Theatre on September 29, 2000, with an official opening on October 19, 2000. The show closed on January 12, 2003, after 952 performances. The cast of this production performed a set of the show's songs in The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on October 2, 2001. The cast was led by Walker. A Canadian production was staged in Toronto and ran

honors, including six Tony Awards, one for Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical, making director Julie Taymor the first woman to earn such an honor. The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running after more than 7,500 performances. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family. In September 2014, ""The Lion King"" became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing

in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. ""The Lion King"" musical was directed by Julie Taymor and featured songs from both the movie and ""Rhythm of the Pride Lands"", along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks. The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The

for nearly four years at the Princess of Wales Theatre. The show was directed by the original director Julie Taymor and premiered on April 25, 2000. The Lion King ran until January 2004 when it had its final performance. This first Canadian staging comprised 1,560 performances and was seen by 2.9 million people according to David Mirvish, whose Mirvish Productions theater and management company owns and operates the theater. The """" star Raymond Ablack starred as Young Simba In 2001. The show returned for a five-week engagement that began in April 2011, as part of the North American tour The

This production won several Moliére Awards and closed on July 25, 2010, after being watched by over a million people. On October 20, 2011, the first Spanish production opened at Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid, where it is still running after more than 2,900 performances. In Basel, Switzerland, the musical was performed for the first time from March 12, 2015, until October 11, 2015. Beginning in June 2007, ""The Lion King"" debuted its first-ever performance on the African continent in Johannesburg, South Africa at the Teatro at Montecasino. ""The Lion King"" was the first production to take place in

The Lion King (musical) The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice, and book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi, along with additional music and lyrics by Lebo M, Mark Mancina, Jay Rifkin, Julie Taymor, and Hans Zimmer. Directed by Taymor, the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical Productions. The musical debuted on July 8, 1997 in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the Orpheum Theatre and was

"The Lion King (franchise)"
even before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of ""Mary Poppins"", where it is still running. It is now Broadway's third-longest-running show in history. The show debuted in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999 and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance 2008 at the London Palladium on December 11,

as Pride Rock, the stampede, and the grasslands) were converted to less costly configurations for the touring productions. The sun during the opening is reduced in size for the shorter-lasting tours. Stage sizes are also smaller, and the size of the pit orchestra is decreased. A Las Vegas production opened at Mandalay Bay on May 15, 2009, with previews beginning May 5, 2009. The Las Vegas cast performed on the ninth season of the American dance competition ""Dancing With the Stars"" on September 23, 2009. Led by Buyi Zama, the cast performed ""Circle of Life"". When this production closed, on

Kit Harington Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986) is a British actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London, Harington graduated from the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama in 2008. While still at drama school, he landed the leading role of Albert, making his professional acting debut in the National Theatre and West End critically acclaimed adaptation of the play ""War Horse"". In 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO television series ""Game of Thrones"", which brought him international recognition. He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award

"Jon Snow (character)"
Jon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's ""finest creations"" and most popular characters by ""The New York Times"". Jon is a main character in the TV series, and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers. Speculation

of Pinter’s work. Proceeds went to Amnesty International and Chance to Shine – two of Pinter’s favored charities. Kit Harington Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986) is a British actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London, Harington graduated from the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama in 2008. While still at drama school, he landed the leading role of Albert, making his professional acting debut in the National Theatre and West End critically acclaimed adaptation of the play ""War Horse"". In 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO television

the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2016. IGN also nominated Jon Snow as its Best TV Hero in 2011. Jon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's ""finest creations"" and most popular characters by ""The New

May 2016 second episode of season 6. Though calling it a ""predictable move"" for a television series, David Sims of ""The Atlantic"" praised the plot development as ""the right choice"" for the show's narrative. In a subsequent interview with ""Entertainment Weekly"", Harington said: Joanna Robinson of ""Vanity Fair"" credited Jon's much-discussed cliffhanger death as a primary factor behind ""Game of Thrones"" subsequent 25% ratings increase for season 6. Harington's performance in season 6 earned the actor his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination in July 2016. Harington as Jon has the most screen time of any other character in the seven

person who’s honorable to a fault and does the right thing even when the right thing is extremely dangerous to him personally."" In the June 2015 season 5 finale ""Mother's Mercy"", Jon is stabbed to death by Alliser Thorne and several men of the Night's Watch after being labeled a traitor. With Martin's 2011 novel ""A Dance with Dragons"" vague on Jon's fate, Harington confirmed the character's death in an interview with ""Entertainment Weekly"", saying ""I’ve been told I’m dead. I’m dead. I’m not coming back next season."" He added, ""I loved how they brought [the orphan boy] Olly in

one of the first parts cast was Jon, with Kit Harington announced in the role in July 2009. Alfie Allen and Iwan Rheon had also auditioned for the role, and were brought into the show to play Theon Greyjoy and Ramsay Snow instead, respectively. In October 2014, Harington and several other key cast members, all contracted for six seasons of the series, renegotiated their deals to include a potential seventh season and salary increases for seasons five, six, and seven. ""The Hollywood Reporter"" called the raises ""huge"", noting that the deal would make the performers ""among the highest-paid actors on

with Dragons"" (2011), working to negotiate an alliance between the Night's Watch and the wildlings. The growing animosity he has attracted from among the Watch finally catches up with him, and he is forced to face the dire consequences. On the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"", Jon's storyline follows the character's plot arc from the novel series, though season 6 and season 7 of the TV adaptation continue on from the events of Martin's latest published installment. Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016. He was

in a Drama Series for the role in 2016. He said, ""It is a serious understatement to say that I am somewhat stunned ... For my work on ""Game of Thrones"" to be recognized in this way is an emotional moment for me. I could not be more humbled."" Harington was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for the role in 2012, 2016, and 2017. His other nominations include the Golden Nymph Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series in 2012, the Young Hollywood Award for Actor of the Year in 2013, and

journalist. While still at drama school, he landed the role of Albert in the National Theatre's adaptation of ""War Horse"". The play won two Olivier Awards and gained Harington a great deal of recognition. He was later cast in his second play ""Posh"", a dark ensemble comedy about upper-class men attending Oxford University. After ""War Horse"", Harington auditioned for and landed his first television role as Jon Snow in the television series ""Game of Thrones"". The show debuted in 2011 to great critical acclaim and was quickly picked up by the network for a second season. Harington's role is largely

"Samar Island Natural Park"
Samar Island Natural Park The Samar Island Natural Park, in Samar, is the largest contiguous tract of old-growth forest in the Philippines. It is the country's largest terrestrial protected area, with an area of . The buffer is spread north to south over the island's three provinces (Eastern Samar, Northern Samar and Samar province) and totals , about a third of the entire island of Samar. The park includes some of the island's well-known natural landmarks and landscapes which have been earlier designated for protection, namely the former Sohoton Natural Bridge National Park, the former Calbiga Caves Protected Landscape, the

"Bicol Natural Park"
Bicol Natural Park The Bicol Natural Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon. It straddles the mountainous border between the provinces of Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur in the northern interior of the Bicol Peninsula. First declared as a national park covering on 13 February 1934 through Proclamation No. 657 of Governor General Frank Murphy, the Bicol National Park was later extended to its present area of through amendments made in Proclamation No. 655 signed by President Manuel Luis Quezon on 23 December 1940. The area was reclassified as a natural

"Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park"
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park The Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is the largest protected area of the Philippines covering the northern range of the Sierra Madre mountains of eastern Luzon. The park is located in the eastern part of the province of Isabela in Cagayan Valley (Region II) containing a total of . It was first declared a wilderness reserve encompassing an area within a radius of Palanan Point known as the Palanan Wilderness Area through Letter of Instructions No. 917-A signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on 7 September 1979. On 10 March 1997, the area was converted into

"Magapit Protected Landscape"
Magapit Protected Landscape The Magapit Protected Landscape is a protected area of forested limestone hills and grasslands in the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon island in the Philippines. It covers an area of in northeastern Cagayan province straddling the municipalities of Lal-lo and Gattaran. The park was established as a game refuge and bird sanctuary on 15 August 1947 covering an initial area of declared through Administrative Order No. 10 by President Manuel Roxas. On 23 April 2000, the park was redesignated as a protected landscape area under the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act through Proclamation No. 285 signed

to preserve and maintain the usefulness of the Bulosao River as a source of water for domestic use and irrigation of the municipalities of Marabut and Lawaan. The forest park borders the Sulat River to the north and west, and includes Mount Honop, its highest peak at . Samar Island Natural Park The Samar Island Natural Park, in Samar, is the largest contiguous tract of old-growth forest in the Philippines. It is the country's largest terrestrial protected area, with an area of . The buffer is spread north to south over the island's three provinces (Eastern Samar, Northern Samar and

"Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape"
Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape The Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape is a protected landscape area of forested limestone hills, grasslands and natural springs in the island province of Bohol in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. It is the largest remaining tract of natural forest in Bohol and one of the Philippines' top birdwatching sites. The park was initially gazetted a national park in 1987 covering approximately . In 2000, it was reestablished as a protected landscape under the National Integrated Protected Areas System covering its present area of . The park is one of the island's major tourist attractions

"Lenya National Park"
Lenya National Park Lenya National Park is a national park located in the Tenasserim Hills, Burma in the border area with Thailand, limiting with the Namtok Huai Yang National Park. The park consists of 176,638 hectares of lowland tropical forest. The main purpose of the national park is the maintenance of natural resources. The demarcation is in course. It is governed by the Burma Forest Department and the level of protection is partial, for logging and forest plantations are allowed. The altitudes within the park range from 10 to 855 m. The endangered Gurney's pitta, endemic to Thailand and Myanmar,

is found within the park. Lenya National Park Lenya National Park is a national park located in the Tenasserim Hills, Burma in the border area with Thailand, limiting with the Namtok Huai Yang National Park. The park consists of 176,638 hectares of lowland tropical forest. The main purpose of the national park is the maintenance of natural resources. The demarcation is in course. It is governed by the Burma Forest Department and the level of protection is partial, for logging and forest plantations are allowed. The altitudes within the park range from 10 to 855 m. The endangered Gurney's pitta,

"Bongsanglay Natural Park"
Bongsanglay Natural Park Bongsanglay Natural Park (also spelled ""Bongsalay"" and ""Bujong Sanglay"") is a protected area of mangrove forests and swamps on Ticao Island in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. It is located in the municipality of Batuan in the island province of Masbate covering an area of . The protected area was established on 29 December 1981 when the area ""from Panciscan Point in Bitos Bay up to Bano Sanlay"" in Batuan was declared a Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve under Proclamation No. 2152 signed by President Ferdinand Marcos. In 2000, when President Joseph Estrada signed Proclamation No. 319,

"Quezon Protected Landscape"
Quezon Protected Landscape The Quezon Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Republic of the Philippines, spanning the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan in Quezon province. The park is situated north of the narrowest section of Luzon in Quezon province, located about southeast of Metro Manila. The park was first established as a national park on October 25, 1934 with Proclamation no. 740. The parks has a total area of and was named as Quezon National Park. The park was enlarged to with Proclamation no. 594 on August 5, 1940. After the implementation of the National Integrated

Easter
Easter Easter, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. Most Christians refer to the week before Easter as ""Holy Week""—it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy Thursday, commemorating the Maundy and Last Supper, as well

Easter
a Sunday between 22 March and 25 April inclusive, within about seven days after the astronomical full moon. The following day, Easter Monday, is a legal holiday in many countries with predominantly Christian traditions. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian Calendar. Because of the 13-day difference between the calendars between 1900 and 2099, 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian Calendar. Easter therefore varies between 4 April and 8 May in the Gregorian calendar (the Julian calendar is no longer used as the civil calendar of the countries where Eastern Christian traditions

Easter
succinctly summarized by the Paschal troparion, sung repeatedly for forty days, through the Apodosis of Easter, which is the day before Ascension: Preparation for Easter begins with the season of Great Lent. In addition to fasting, almsgiving, and prayer, Orthodox Christians cut down on all entertainment and non-essential worldly activities, gradually eliminating them until Great and Holy Friday, the most austere day of the year. On the evening of Great and Holy Saturday, the Midnight Office commences an hour or two before midnight (see paschal vigil). At its completion all light in the church building is extinguished, and all wait

Eastertide
from Ash Wednesday to Low Sunday. In Germany, at an early date, the second Sunday after Easter terminated Paschal Tide, for which reason it was called ""Predigerkirchweih"", because the hard Easter labour was over, or ""Buch Sunday"", the obstinate sinners putting off the fulfillment of the precept to the last day. In the United States upon petition of the Fathers of the First Provincial Council of Baltimore Paschal Tide was extended by Pius VIII to the period from the first Sunday in Lent to Trinity Sunday (II Plen. Coun. Balt., n. 257); in Canada the duration of the Paschal Tide

"Octave of Easter"
Octave of Easter The term Octave of Easter refers to the eight-day period (octave) in Eastertide that starts on Easter Sunday and concludes with the Sunday following Easter. The Octave Day of Easter refers only to that day. It is also called Low Sunday, particularly in the Anglican Communion. It may be called Thomas Sunday, especially among Eastern Christians, or Quasimodo Sunday and Quasimodogeniti, among other names. On 30 April 2000, it was also designated as Divine Mercy Sunday by Pope John Paul II. The ""Octave"" of a feast refers to an eight-day festal period commencing with that feast. Presently

Easter
determining the date of Orthodox Easter is also 21 March but according to the Julian reckoning, which in the current century corresponds to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar. In addition, the lunar tables of the Julian calendar are four days (sometimes five days) behind those of the Gregorian calendar. The 14th day of the lunar month according to the Gregorian system is figured as the ninth or tenth day according to the Julian. The result of this combination of solar and lunar discrepancies is divergence in the date of Easter in most years (see table). Easter is determined on

Eastertide Eastertide (also called the Easter Season as well as Easter Time) or Paschaltide (also called the Paschal Season as well as Paschal Time) is a festal season in the liturgical year of Christianity that focuses on celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It begins on Easter Sunday, which initiates Easter Week in Western Christianity, and Bright Week in Eastern Christianity. There are several Eastertide customs across the Christian world, including sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church, and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. The Easter lily, a symbol of the resurrection, traditionally decorates

period do away even with the abstinence on Fridays. Prayers are said standing, not kneeling. Instead of the ""Angelus"" the ""Regina Caeli"" is recited. From Easter to Ascension many churches, about the tenth century, said only one Nocturn at Matins; even some particular churches in the city of Rome adopted this custom from the Teutons (Bäumer, ""Gesch. des Breviers"", 312). Pope Gregory VII limited this privilege to the week of Easter and of Pentecost. Some dioceses in Germany however, retained it far into the nineteenth century for 40 days after Easter. In every Nocturn the three psalms are said under

Easter
known as Holy Week, is very special in the Christian tradition. The Sunday before Easter is Palm Sunday, with the Wednesday before Easter being known as Spy Wednesday. The last three days before Easter are Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and Holy Saturday (sometimes referred to as Silent Saturday). Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday and Good Friday respectively commemorate Jesus' entry in Jerusalem, the Last Supper and the Crucifixion. Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday are sometimes referred to as the Easter Triduum (Latin for ""Three Days""). Many churches begin celebrating Easter late in the evening of Holy Saturday at a

during a common year with Easter on 22 March), which happened in 1598, 1693, 1761 and 1818 and will next occur in 2285. The latest date Ash Wednesday can occur is 10 March (when Easter Day falls on 25 April) which occurred in 1666, 1734, 1886 and 1943 and will next occur in 2038. Ash Wednesday has never occurred on Leap Year Day (29 February), and it will not occur as such until 2096. The only other years of the third millennium that will have Ash Wednesday on 29 February are 2468, 2688, 2840 and 2992. (Ash Wednesday falls on

"History of Beijing"
population of 70,685. In 106 BC, under Emperor Wu, the country was reorganized into 13 prefectural-provinces, or ""zhou"" (), and the City of Ji served as the prefectural capital for Youzhou (). The tomb of Liu Jian, the Prince of Guangyang who ruled Youzhou from 73 to 45 BC was discovered in Fengtai District in 1974 and has been preserved in the Dabaotai Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum. In 1999, another royal tomb was found in Laoshan in Shijingshan District but the prince formerly buried there has not been identified. During the early Eastern Han dynasty in 57 AD, the five

Beijing
construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and a center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means ""Northern Capital"" (from the Chinese characters for ""north"" and for ""capital""), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the ""Southern Capital""). The English spelling is based on the pinyin romanization of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. An older English spelling, Peking, is the postal romanization

History of Beijing The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin.

the city's jurisdiction. Appeals to Nanjing for the recovery of towns like Wanping and Daxing were denied. The city, anchored by its historical relics and universities, remained a center for tourism and higher education and became known as ""China's Boston."" In 1935, the city's population stood at 1.11 million, with another 3.485 million in the surrounding region. After Japan seized Manchuria through the Mukden Incident in 1931, Beiping was threatened by steady Japanese encroachment into northern China. The Tanggu Truce of 1933 gave control of the Great Wall to the Japanese and imposed a 100-km demilitarized zone south of the

Beijing
in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is ""BJ"". The earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District, where Peking Man lived. ""Homo erectus"" fossils from the caves date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. Paleolithic ""Homo sapiens"" also lived there more recently, about 27,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found neolithic settlements throughout the municipality, including in Wangfujing, located in downtown Beijing. The first walled city in Beijing was Jicheng, the capital city of the state of Ji and

Beijing
or Zhongdu. The city was besieged by Genghis Khan's invading Mongolian army in 1213 and razed to the ground two years later. Two generations later, Kublai Khan ordered the construction of Dadu (or Daidu to the Mongols, commonly known as Khanbaliq), a new capital for his Yuan dynasty to the northeast of the Zhongdu ruins. The construction took from 1264 to 1293, but greatly enhanced the status of a city on the northern fringe of China proper. The city was centered on the Drum Tower slightly to the north of modern Beijing and stretched from the present-day Chang'an Avenue to

had no fewer than eight presidents, five parliaments, 24 cabinets, at least four constitutions and one brief restoration of the Manchu Monarchy. Unlike prior dynastic changes, the end of Qing rule in Beijing did not cause a substantial decline in the city's population, which was 785,442 in 1910, 670,000 in 1913 and 811,566 in 1917. The population of the surrounding region grew from 1.7 to 2.9 million over the same period. In 1917, Beijing was the fourth largest city in China after Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hankou, and the seventh largest capital city in the world. After Yuan's death, Li Yuanhong

severely weakened by a succession struggle in 1328 known as the War of the Two Capitals in which the Dadu-based claimant to the throne prevailed over his Shangdu-based rival, but not after heavy fighting around Dadu and across the country among Mongol princes. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty in the Nanjing on the Yangtze River and his general Xu Da drove north and captured Dadu. The last Yuan emperor fled to the steppes. Dadu's imperial palace was razed and the city was renamed Beiping (北平 or ""Northern Peace""). Nanjing, also known as ""Yingtian Fu"" became the ""Jingshi""

Zhuo County, in present-day Hebei Province, the prefectural capital of Youzhou. In the early 4th century, the Western Jin dynasty was overthrown by steppe peoples who had settled in northern China and established a series of mostly short-lived kingdoms. During the so-called Sixteen Kingdoms period, Beijing, still known as Ji, was controlled successively by the Di-led Former Qin, the Jie-led Later Zhao, and the Xianbei-led Former Yan and Later Yan. In 352, Prince Murong Jun, moved the capital of the Former Yan Kingdom from Manchuria to Ji, making the city a sovereign capital for the first time in over 500

October, he moved the child Shunzhi Emperor from the old capital Shenyang into the Forbidden City and made Beijing the new seat of the Qing dynasty. In the following decades, the Manchus would conquer the rest of the country and ruled China for nearly three centuries from the city. During this era, Beijing was also known as Jingshi which corresponds with the Manchu name Gemun Hecen. The city's population, which had fallen to 144,000 in 1644, rebounded to 539,000 in 1647 (the population of the surrounding area rose from 554,000 to 1.3 million). The Qing largely retained the physical configuration

"Acts of the Apostles"
the Jews). Baur continues to have enormous influence, but today there is less interest in determining the author of Acts' historical accuracy (although this has never died out) than in understanding his theological program. Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord's supper. The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large. He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus, informing him of his intention to provide an ""ordered account"" of events

awareness of the letters of Paul (which began circulating late in the first century). The earliest possible date for the composition of Acts is set by the events with which it ends, Paul's imprisonment in Rome c.63 AD, but such an early dating is a minority position. The last possible date would be set by its first definite citation by another author, but there is no unanimity on this; some scholars find echoes of Acts in a work from c. 95 AD called I Clement, while others see no indisputable citation until the middle of the 2nd century. A minority

There are also alleged major differences between Acts and Paul on Christology (the understanding of Christ's nature), eschatology (understanding of the ""last things""), and apostleship. Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (, ""Práxeis tôn Apostólōn""; ), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author, usually dated to around 80–90 AD. The first part, the Gospel of

Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (, ""Práxeis tôn Apostólōn""; ), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author, usually dated to around 80–90 AD. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. Acts

of scholars, necessarily in the latter camp, conclude that Acts dates to the 2nd century, believing that it shows awareness of the letters of Paul, the works of Josephus, or the writings of Marcion. There are two major textual variants of Acts, the Western text-type and the Alexandrian. The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd. Western texts of Acts are 6.2–8.4% longer than Alexandrian texts, the additions tending to enhance the Jewish rejection of the Messiah and the role of

the one hand, Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah. The title ""Acts of the Apostles"" (Greek ""Praxeis Apostolon"") was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century. It is not known whether this was an existing title or one invented by Irenaeus; it does seem clear, however, that it

book ends, he awaits trial. Luke–Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke–Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ""apology"" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On

followers unless provoked by the Jews, in the trial scenes the Christian missionaries are always cleared of charges of violating Roman laws, and Acts ends with Paul in Rome proclaiming the Christian message under Roman protection; at the same time, Luke makes clear that the Romans, like all earthly rulers, receive their authority from Satan, while Christ is ruler of the kingdom of God. Acts has two key structural principles. The first is the geographic movement from Jerusalem, centre of God's Covenantal people, the Jews, to Rome, centre of the Gentile world. This structure reaches back to the author's preceding

"Acts of the Apostles (genre)"
Acts of the Apostles (genre) The Acts of the Apostles is a genre of Early Christian literature, recounting the lives and works of the apostles of Jesus. The ""Acts"" (Latin: ""Acta"", Greek: Πράξεις ""Práxeis"") are important for many reasons, one of them being the concept of apostolic succession. They also provide insight into the valuation of ""missionary activities among the exotic races,"" since some of them feature missionary work done among, for instance, the Cynocephaly. Only one work in this genre is included in the New Testament canon, entitled the ""Acts of the Apostles"", sometimes called the ""Book of Acts""

Through the Holy Spirit, God then empowers the apostles in their missionary work, with the ability to perform miracles such as healing the sick, casting out demons and raising the dead, while spreading Jesus' gospel. Problems such as anti-Christian persecutions, and conflicts about whether converts should first become Jewish before they can become Christians, are overcome. The ""Book of Acts"" was probably written around the year 80 or 85 CE. It is not so much concerned with historical accuracy as it is with furthering a particular theology from a certain religious point of view. All other books with similar titles

"The Secret of Crickley Hall (TV series)"
United Kingdom BBC One began airing weekly episodes on 18 November 2012. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Eve Caleigh wakes from a dream. She goes to her son Cam who has also had a bad dream. Eve prepares for work while her husband Gabe gets the children up and ready for the day. Eve leaves with Cam. When she collects Cam from day-care, it is revealed that she and Cam have a special relationship. On the way home Cam asks if they can go to the play area. While he is playing on the slide, she sits down on a bench and looks over

his wife Eve, and their children, Loren, Cameron and Cally, live in London. One day Cam goes missing. Eve falls asleep for a few seconds at a playground and he (Cam) simply disappears. Eleven months later, Gabe suggests relocating the family in the north of England, near the east coast in the hope that a change of scenery will give Eve some comfort, as she clings to the hope that Cam may still be alive. ""The Secret of Crickley Hall"" was first shown on 28 October 2012 in the United States as a three-hour event on BBC America. In the

"The Secret of Crickley Hall"
a Polish refugee, and twelve-year-old Maurice, the class sneak. Cribben keeps in the shadows – he hasn’t been the same since he was injured in the Blitz. Nancy suspects the orphans are being mistreated, especially Stefan. When Nancy finally meets Cribben, she is appalled by a man who seems out of control. She tries to rescue the orphans but is fired, and no-one believes her apart from young Percy, who is about to be called up to war. A three-part serial was broadcast weekly on BBC One from 18 November 2012. The Secret of Crickley Hall The Secret of Crickley

The Secret of Crickley Hall The Secret of Crickley Hall is a 2006 supernatural thriller novel by the British writer James Herbert. Gabe Caleigh, his wife Eve, and their children, Loren, Cameron and Cally, live in London. One day Cameron goes missing when Eve falls asleep for a few seconds at a playground and he simply disappears. Eleven months later, Gabe is offered a short-term contract of employment on the coast. Anxious for his wife, he suggest that a relocation over the period of the anniversary could help the whole family. On arriving at Crickley Hall, they meet Percy Judd

The Secret of Crickley Hall (TV series) The Secret of Crickley Hall is a BBC television adaptation by Joe Ahearne of the 2006 supernatural thriller novel of the same name written by the British author James Herbert. The series presents two parallel dramas. The main storyline, set in 2006, follows the events of the Caleigh family who rent Crickley Hall because Gabe Caleigh (Tom Ellis) gets a short contract in the area; the other is a series of flashbacks following events in 1943 when orphanswho have been evacuated from London during World War IIare living at Crickley Hall. Gabe Caleigh,

Inn and the Devils Cleave church scenes were filmed at Downham St Leonard church. Crickley Hall itself was filmed at Bowden Hall, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire. The war scenes are filmed on Huskisson Street, Falkner Street and Falkner Square around the Georgian Quarter in Liverpool. The Secret of Crickley Hall (TV series) The Secret of Crickley Hall is a BBC television adaptation by Joe Ahearne of the 2006 supernatural thriller novel of the same name written by the British author James Herbert. The series presents two parallel dramas. The main storyline, set in 2006, follows the events of the Caleigh family who

her notes. Eve falls asleep and starts to dream... Eve wakes up and realises that Cam is nowhere to be seen and the play area is empty. She cannot find him despite her frantic search. Gabe arrives while the police search the area. Eve admits she fell asleep and Gabe comforts her. Their daughters, Loren and Cally Caleigh, are told the horrifying news. Cally asks, ""Why can't you hear him, Mummy?"" Eve breaks down. When Eve returns to the playground with the police she joins a distraught Gabe who tells her that Cam ""has gone."" Eleven months later, Eve is

"Secrets of the Castle"
Secrets of the Castle Secrets of the Castle, or Secrets of the Castle with Ruth, Peter and Tom is a British factual television series that first broadcast on BBC Two from 18 November to 17 December 2014. The series stars archaeologists Peter Ginn and Tom Pinfold, and historian Ruth Goodman. In the series, the team takes part in the medieval construction project at Guédelon Castle in Treigny, France. During their stay there, they reveal what kind of skills and crafts were needed to build a castle in the 13th century, by using the techniques, tools and materials of the era.

The castle construction site shown in the series is Guédelon Castle in France, a 25-year experimental archaeology project where a castle is being built using only the techniques, tools and materials from the Middle Ages. Secrets of the Castle Secrets of the Castle, or Secrets of the Castle with Ruth, Peter and Tom is a British factual television series that first broadcast on BBC Two from 18 November to 17 December 2014. The series stars archaeologists Peter Ginn and Tom Pinfold, and historian Ruth Goodman. In the series, the team takes part in the medieval construction project at Guédelon Castle

the help of psychic, Lilli Peel in the hopes that she will help Eve find out where Cam is. Back in 1943, it is revealed that Maurice and Magda are having a secret affair and upon being discovered by Nancy (who was searching for Augustus Cribben's punishment book) Maurice kills Nancy and throws her body down the well after desperate encouragement from Magda. In present day, Maurice, now under the alias of Gordon Pyke, visits Crickley Hall where the past comes back to haunt him. Eve becomes desperate for answers when Lilli claims the ghost of Augustus told her that

with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."" Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website ""HeyUGuys"" gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that ""Garth Jennings's ""Sing"" effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."" While Peter Debruge of ""Variety"", who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any ""profound life lessons,"" he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the

is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub. The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but find a small wad of cash containing less than $1,000, plus other items Buster was planning to sell. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks after an accidental smash on the glass

office into the city streets. Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include: housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former

"Flower Drum Song (film)"
The film was notable as the first that featured nearly all Asian American cast members (one of the few speaking Caucasian parts being that of a mugger), including dancers, though three of the singing voices were not Asian ones. The contemporaneous paucity of Asian actors notably forced producers to dress Arnold Stang in yellowface as a Chinese cook for an episode of ""Wagon Train"", since ""all of Hollywood's Oriental actors were busy making 'Flower Drum Song'"". Starring in the movie were Nancy Kwan, James Shigeta, Benson Fong, James Hong, Reiko Sato and the original Broadway cast members Jack Soo, Miyoshi

"Billy Don't Be a Hero"
Billy Don't Be a Hero ""Billy Don't Be a Hero"" is a 1974 pop song that was first a UK hit for Paper Lace and then, some months later, a US hit for Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods. The song was written and composed by two British songwriters, Mitch Murray and Peter Callander. Because the song was released in 1974, it was associated by some listeners with the Vietnam War, though the war to which it actually refers is never identified in the lyrics. It has been suggested that the drum pattern, references to a marching band leading soldiers in

US version sold over three and a half million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. in June 1974. Donaldson and the Heywoods's version was a massive hit in Latin America and Japan as well, but it remained largely unknown elsewhere as of late July 2017. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 21 song for 1974. Despite the song's popularity, it was poorly received, and it was voted No. 8 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's readers' poll of ""10 Worst Songs of the 1970s."" The song is mentioned as having played on K-Billy's ""Super Sounds of the '70s

to ride out and seek reinforcements. (This suggests mounted infantry and a lack of modern two-way radio communications.) In the end, the heartbroken woman throws away the official letter notifying her of Billy's ""heroic"" death. Paper Lace's version of ""Billy Don't Be a Hero"" reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart on 16 March 1974, and did likewise in Australia, where it spent eight weeks at the top spot. Thereafter, Bo Donaldson's and the Heywoods's version reached No. 1 in the U.S. on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on 15 June 1974, but was dubbed into French for Canada. The

Weekend"" in the film ""Reservoir Dogs."" The song features in the 1993 film ""The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert."" The ""Mystery Science Theater 3000"" characters often use the line ""Billy, don't be a hero!"" when riffing on movies, one example being the episode ""The Creeping Terror."" In the first episode of ""Friends,"" Ross (David Schwimmer) is sad because it has been so long since he last picked up a woman, saying, ""Do the words 'Billy, Don't Be a Hero' mean anything to you?"" Massive Attack's 1991 track ""Blue Lines"" (from the album of the same name) features the

blue, and ""riding out"" (cavalry) refer to the American Civil War. However the drum beat and cavalry ""riding out"" is not specific to the American Civil War, and blue uniforms were common in the 19th century. That being said, Paper Lace themselves performed the song on ""Top of the Pops"" wearing Union-style uniforms, as can be seen on YouTube. A young woman is distraught that her fiancé chooses to enlist with Army recruiters passing through the town, causing her to implore him: The song goes on to describe how Billy is killed in action in a pitched battle after volunteering

"I Don't Want to Be a Hero"
I Don't Want to Be a Hero ""I Don't Want to be a Hero"" is a 1987 song by the British band Johnny Hates Jazz. It reached #11 in the UK top 40 in August 1987 spending 10 weeks on the chart. It is taken from their #1 album ""Turn Back the Clock"". The song was written by the band's lead singer and main songwriter, Clark Datchler. It has a strong anti-war sentiment and is written from the perspective of a soldier who is questioning their participation in what they consider an unjust war. The band's American record company were

"Not a Hero"
Not a Hero Not a Hero is a cover system 2D shooter video game developed by the British indie development studio Roll7 and published by Devolver Digital. The game released on 14 May 2015 for Microsoft Windows. A later update, which was built using the Chowdren runtime for Clickteam Fusion 2.5, introduced builds for OS X and Linux, on 30 September 2015. The PlayStation 4 version of the game released on 2 February 2016, with the PlayStation Vita version being cancelled. A ""Supper Sanzzy Edition"", including a new extra campaign, was released on Xbox One by Team17 in May 2016,

"Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods"
Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods are an American pop music group, known mainly for their 1970s hit singles, ""Billy Don't Be A Hero"" and ""Who Do You Think You Are"". The band was formed in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1965 by their leader, Robert Walter ""Bo"" Donaldson. They were first discovered while touring with The Osmonds in the early 1970s and signed with Family Productions, releasing their first single in 1972, ""Special Someone,"" but their big break came after moving to ABC Records and working with the record producer Steve Barri in 1973. Although their first

reluctant to release the single in the U.S. because of its anti-war stance. The song makes references to conscription and propaganda. The international music video for the song was directed by Andy Morahan. In 1988, Japanese singer Yōko Nagayama covered the song, ""反逆のヒーロー"". I Don't Want to Be a Hero ""I Don't Want to be a Hero"" is a 1987 song by the British band Johnny Hates Jazz. It reached #11 in the UK top 40 in August 1987 spending 10 weeks on the chart. It is taken from their #1 album ""Turn Back the Clock"". The song was written

"Compulsory Hero"
Compulsory Hero ""Compulsory Hero"" is the fourth single by Australian rock-pop band 1927. The track was released on 17 April 1989 and peaked at number 14 in May on the ARIA singles chart. The song is taken from their debut album""...ish"" which peaked at number 1 on the ARIA Charts in April 1989. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1990, Geoff Barter won the 'best video award' for the clip for ""Compulsory Hero"". The song was further nominated for ARIA Award for Best Group but lost to The Black Sorrows. The song talks about a father's experience in the Vietnam

"Push It (Garbage song)"
Push It (Garbage song) ""Push It"" is a song by alternative rock band Garbage from their second studio album, ""Version 2.0"" (1998). It was released on April 20, 1998 as the album's lead single. Lead singer Shirley Manson elaborated on the song's dreamy verse structure versus the confrontational chorus: ""[It's about] the schizophrenia that exists when you try to reconcile your desires and demons with the need to fit in. It's a song of reassurance"". The track contains a musical quotation of the Beach Boys' 1964 song ""Don't Worry Baby"". The music video for ""Push It"" received thirteen nominations between

"Paul Engemann"
Paul Engemann Paul Robert Engemann (born October 15, 1957) is an American former pop musician best known for his 1983 song ""Scarface (Push It to the Limit)"". The song featured prominently in the film ""Scarface"", which was released in the same year. With his sister Shawn (now married to Larry King), Paul had a small (#91) national chart record, ""For Your Love"", in 1975, billed as Christopher Paul, and Shawn. His younger sister Shannon Engemann (born 1964) is an actress and a model. Together with Giorgio Moroder, he had a number one hit in Germany (#81 in USA) with ""Reach

"Push It (Salt-n-Pepa song)"
Push It (Salt-n-Pepa song) ""Push It"" is a song by the group Salt-n-Pepa. It was released as the B-side of the ""Tramp"" single in 1987, and as its own single in 1988. It peaked at number 19 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in early 1988 and, after initially peaking at number 41 in the UK, it re-entered the charts after the group performed the track at Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday concert, eventually peaking at number two that summer. The song has also been certified Platinum by the RIAA. The song is ranked number 446 on ""Rolling Stone""s list of the

500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was ranked number nine on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop. The original version of ""Push It"" was first released as the B-side to the 12"" single ""Tramp"" in 1987. The corresponding 7"" single contained a ""Mixx-It"" remix by San Francisco DJ and producer Cameron Paul; this was the radio version that gave the group its first mainstream hit. It advanced into the ""Billboard"" Top 40 the week of December 26, 1987, eventually reaching its peak of number 19 the week of February 20, 1988. It also ties with ""Let's Talk About

partial nudity. Push It (Garbage song) ""Push It"" is a song by alternative rock band Garbage from their second studio album, ""Version 2.0"" (1998). It was released on April 20, 1998 as the album's lead single. Lead singer Shirley Manson elaborated on the song's dreamy verse structure versus the confrontational chorus: ""[It's about] the schizophrenia that exists when you try to reconcile your desires and demons with the need to fit in. It's a song of reassurance"". The track contains a musical quotation of the Beach Boys' 1964 song ""Don't Worry Baby"". The music video for ""Push It"" received thirteen

copies worldwide. The music video for ""Push It"" features a concert performance of the song, along with DJ Spinderella and Hurby ""Luv Bug"" Azor on keyboards and backing vocals. Push It (Salt-n-Pepa song) ""Push It"" is a song by the group Salt-n-Pepa. It was released as the B-side of the ""Tramp"" single in 1987, and as its own single in 1988. It peaked at number 19 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in early 1988 and, after initially peaking at number 41 in the UK, it re-entered the charts after the group performed the track at Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday concert,

"Move It"
Move It ""Move It"" is a song written by Ian Samwell and recorded by Cliff Richard and the Drifters (the UK band that would later become ""The Shadows""). Originally intended as the B-side to ""Schoolboy Crush"", it was released as Richard's debut single on 29 August 1958 and became his first hit record, reaching no.2 on the UK singles chart. It is credited with being one of the first authentic rock and roll songs produced outside the United States. ""Schoolboy Crush"", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sharon Gilbert, had already been recorded in the US by Bobby Helms. Cliff Richard

new songs over a three-week period. When they that felt they had made a good start, they relocated to their Madison, Wisconsin, base at Smart Studios and began fleshing out the ideas and rough sketches that were made over the rest of the year. The group recorded all of the material for the second album through a 48-track digital system direct to hard drives utilizing a 24-bit Pro Tools rig. Vocalist Shirley Manson wrote the majority of her lyrics while ensconced in a hotel near the studio. Garbage completed recording, producing and mixing of their second album in mid-February 1998,

"Push and Shove (song)"
Push and Shove (song) ""Push and Shove"" is a song by American rock band No Doubt, released as a promotional single from their sixth studio album of the same name. The song was written by Gwen Stefani, Tony Kanal, Tom Dumont, Reanno Gordon, Thomas Pentz, David Taylor, Ariel Rechtshaid and was produced by Major Lazer and Spike Stent. It features additional production from Major Lazer as well as vocals from Jamaican dancehall artist Busy Signal. The song blends ska, dub, reggae and dubstep. ""Push and Shove"" premiered on the radio program ""On Air with Ryan Seacrest"" on August 29, 2012.

"Pushin' Too Hard"
November 1965. Though the song did not chart initially, a Los Angeles disc jockey began playing it extensively following the release of the band's self-titled debut album in April 1966. With the title having been changed to ""Pushin' Too Hard"", a new single was issued in November and the song debuted on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart a month later. It peaked at number 36 in February and spent 11 weeks on the chart. Some radio stations banned the song, believing that the title dealt with being a pusher of illegal drugs. WLS apparently disagreed, because the record reached #1

"Loyola University New Orleans"
Hall, the Music and Communications Building, and Branch Knox Miller Hall. Named after the Jesuit explorer Fr. Jacques Marquette, S.J., Marquette Hall is one of the most prominent buildings on campus. Begun in 1907, it was finished in 1910. After its completion, most of the classes of the college and later, the university were conducted in the building until the construction of Bobet Hall in the late 1920s. The university's first library, the Bobet Library, was located on the third floor of Marquette Hall until the Memorial Library was constructed in the 1950s. When the dentistry school began its operations,

"Loyola University Maryland"
Loyola University Maryland Loyola University Maryland is a Catholic, Jesuit private liberal arts university located within the Archdiocese of Baltimore in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Established as Loyola College in Maryland by John Early and eight other members of the Society of Jesus in 1852, it is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, the ninth-oldest Jesuit college in the United States, and the first college in the United States to bear the name of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus. Loyola's main campus is in

is nearby Johns Hopkins University. The annual lacrosse games played between these two institutions is known as the ""Battle of Charles Street"". The school colors are green and grey. Loyola College in Maryland was founded in 1852 by John Early and eight other members of the Society of Jesus (""Jesuits""), and was the first college in the United States to bear the name of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Loyola College in Maryland is the ninth-oldest among the nation's 28 Jesuit colleges and universities. The college's first campus was in two large townhouses on Holliday Street between East Lexington Street (then

"Loyola University Chicago"
NCAA Division I. The teams include men and women's basketball, cross country, men and women's golf, men and women's soccer, softball, track, and men and women's volleyball. The nickname ""Ramblers"" was first applied to Loyola's football team in 1926 because they frequently traveled throughout the United States. LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and

Avenue today known as the ""Magnificent Mile"", and is named after the Chicago Water Tower, a city landmark that survived the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. It is the home of the Quinlan School of Business, the School of Law, the School of Education, the School of Continuing and Professional Studies, the School of Social Work, the School of Communication, the Institute of Pastoral Studies, and Arrupe College, as well as a selection of classes from programs based elsewhere. Dominated by mixed-use skyscrapers, campus buildings include the Corboy Law Center, Terry Student Center, Baumhart Hall, and landmark Lewis Towers, built

"Loyola Marymount University"
overlooking Marina Del Rey and Playa Del Rey is the parent school to Loyola Law School located in downtown Los Angeles. , Loyola Marymount is one of the largest Roman Catholic universities on the West Coast with just over 9,000 undergraduate, graduate and law school students. The names ""Loyola"" and ""Marymount"" have long been associated with Catholic higher education in countries around the globe. Saint Ignatius Loyola, founder of The Society of Jesus, sanctioned the foundation of his order's first school in 1548. The Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary have conducted educational institutions since their establishment in France

are executives of major Chicago-based corporations such as McDonald's and Baxter International, as well as dozens of local and national political leaders including the current Illinois Attorney General and Speaker of the House. Loyola alumni have won Emmy, Grammy, Peabody, and Pulitzer awards, as well as Guggenheim and MacArthur fellowships. Loyola was established as St. Ignatius College on June 30, 1870, by Jesuit priest and educator Fr. Arnold Damen. At that time Chicago was a much smaller, but rapidly growing, city just shy of 300,000 people, and as a result the original campus was much closer to the city center

"University of Notre Dame"
University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the ""Word of Life"" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,

1904 as Loyola College on a section of the Foucher Plantation bought by the Jesuits in 1886. A young Jesuit, Fr. Albert Biever, was given a nickel for street car fare and told by his Jesuit superiors to travel Uptown on the St. Charles Streetcar and found a university. As with many Jesuit schools, it contained both a college and preparatory academy. The first classes of Loyola College were held in a residence behind Most Holy Name of Jesus Church. Fr. Biever was the first president. The first of Loyola's permanent buildings was undertaken in 1907, with Marquette Hall completed

the top. Central to the seal are two wolves and a golden pot, which come from St. Ignatius Loyola's family crest and symbolize generosity (having enough to give to the wolves.) Above the figures of the wolves appears the fleur-de-lis, which represents the French origin of New Orleans and Louisiana. Beneath it is a pelican feeding its young with her own blood; this ancient symbol of Christianity (Christ feeding the Church with his body and blood through the Eucharist) depicts Loyola as an institution of the state of Louisiana. The university enrolls 5,000 students, including 3,000 undergraduates. The student to

"Edwards baronets"
Edwards baronets There have been seven baronetcies created for persons with the surname Edwards, three in the Baronetage of England and four in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Only one creation is extant as of 2007. The Edwards Baronetcy, of Shrewsbury in the County of Shropshire, was created in the Baronetage of England on 21 March 1645. The second Baronet obtained a new creation in 1678. For more information on these creations, see Edwardes baronets. The Edwards Baronetcy, of York in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 December 1691 for James Edwards.

"William Henry Edwards"
called Edwardsville. The son of William W. Edwards and Helen Ann (Mann) Edwards, he came from a prominent and successful American family. His father was a businessman involved in banking, insurance and European imports. His grandfather was Colonel William Edwards, founder of the family tannery business and inventor of several devices used in the manufacture of leather goods. His great-great-grandfather, Jonathan Edwards, was a distinguished theologian and revivalist preacher. The Edwards family owned and managed a very large tannery in Hunter that relied on tanbark harvested from the hemlock forests of their country estate in the Catskill Mountains. Edwards grew

"Monroe Edwards"
he was considered very handsome, and usually dressed fashionably. Some accounts give him the title ""Colonel"". Around 1822, Edwards was sent to New Orleans to learn business from a merchant named Mr. Morgan. By the late 1820s, Morgan had established a trading post on San Jacinto Bay near Galveston in what was then Mexican Texas. Sometime after, Edwards met a slave trader and joined his new acquaintance on a smuggling trip to acquire slaves in Africa. This first effort ended when they were shipwrecked, but on a second attempt in 1832 they succeeded in smuggling slaves into Brazil. Edwards invested

"Haden Edwards"
Haden Edwards Haden Edwards (August 12, 1771 – August 14, 1849) was a Texas settler and land speculator. Edwards County, Texas on the Edwards Plateau is named for him. In 1825, Edwards received a land grant from the Mexican government, allowing him to settle families in East Texas. His grant included the city of Nacogdoches, and Edwards soon angered many of the previous settlers. After his contract was revoked in 1826, Edwards and his brother declared the colony to be the Republic of Fredonia. He was forced to flee Mexico when the Mexican army arrived to put down the rebellion,

"Anderson (surname)"
Anderson (surname) Anderson is a surname deriving from a patronymic meaning ""son of Anders/Andrew"" (itself derived from the Greek name ""Andreas"", meaning ""man"" or ""manly""). It originated in parallel in the British Isles and the Nordic countries. In Scotland, the name first appeared in records of the 14th century as ""Fitz Andreu"" (meaning son of Andrew), and developed in various forms by the Scottish Gaelic patronymic of ""MacGhilleAndrais"" which means the servant of St. Andrew. Variations of this name were MacAndrew, Gillanders and Anderson. The name soon migrated to other parts of Scotland due to the popularity of the name

"John Edwards"
not guilty on one count, and the judge declared a mistrial on the remaining five charges, as the jury was unable to come to an agreement. The Justice Department dropped the remaining charges and did not attempt to retry Edwards. Though it did not result in a criminal conviction, the revelation that Edwards had an extramarital affair and fathered a child while his wife, Elizabeth, was dying of cancer gravely damaged his public image and ended his career in politics. Edwards was born June 10, 1953, to Wallace Reid Edwards and Catharine Juanita ""Bobbie"" Edwards (née Wade) in Seneca, South

"Edwards Barham"
Rosalie Smith (1913–1999), originally from Missouri. He graduated in 1955 from Oak Ridge High School and received a bachelor's degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, where he was a member of Sigma Chi fraternity. He subsequently obtained a master's degree in ornithology from the University of Louisiana at Monroe (then Northeast Louisiana State College). In the early 1970s, U.S. President Richard M. Nixon named Barham to head a White House conservation initiative. Until his death, Barham was married to the former Bennie Faye Berry (born September 1935). There are three living Barham children. These include youngest son Robert

did not pursue a career in law. In 1846 Edwards traveled to Brazil and journeyed up the Amazon River with his uncle, Armory Edwards. Armory had been the US consul in Buenos Aires and worked in Argentina for the family's leather business. It is possible that the original purpose of their trip was related to family business concerns but for Edwards the focus of this trip became the beauty and untrammeled wilderness he experienced as they explored the huge delta island of Marajo and went upriver from Belem to Manaus. Edwards took careful note of his experiences and shortly afterwards

"Jones (surname)"
surname in the 1990 U.S. Census, behind only Smith, Johnson and Williams. Jones (surname) Jones is a surname of English and Welsh origins, meaning ""John's son"". It is most common in Wales and south central England. The surname Jones first appears on record as a surname in England in 1273 with the name ""Matilda Jones"". Others put the first known record of the surname ""Jones"" as 1279, in Huntingdonshire, England. Around the time of the union of Wales with England, the traditional Welsh system of patronymics was increasingly replaced by surnames. Furthermore, Christian names such as John which were common

in 1832 and made his home in Nacogdoches until his death, on August 14, 1849. Haden Edwards Haden Edwards (August 12, 1771 – August 14, 1849) was a Texas settler and land speculator. Edwards County, Texas on the Edwards Plateau is named for him. In 1825, Edwards received a land grant from the Mexican government, allowing him to settle families in East Texas. His grant included the city of Nacogdoches, and Edwards soon angered many of the previous settlers. After his contract was revoked in 1826, Edwards and his brother declared the colony to be the Republic of Fredonia. He

Liquor
""OED"" mentions of its meaning ""a liquid for drinking"" occurred in the 14th century. Its use as a term for ""an intoxicating alcoholic drink"" appeared in the 16th century. The term ""spirit"" in reference to alcohol stems from Middle Eastern alchemy. These alchemists were more concerned with medical elixirs than with transmuting lead into gold. The vapor given off and collected during an alchemical process (as with distillation of alcohol) was called a spirit of the original material. Early evidence of distillation comes from Akkadian tablets dated ""circa"" 1200 BC describing perfumery operations, providing textual evidence that an early primitive

Liquor
known instead as liqueurs. Liquor generally has an alcohol concentration higher than 30%. Beer and wine, which are not distilled, are limited to a maximum alcohol content of about 20% ABV, as most yeasts cannot reproduce when the concentration of alcohol is above this level; as a consequence, fermentation ceases at that point. The origin of ""liquor"" and its close relative ""liquid"" was the Latin verb ""liquere"", meaning ""to be fluid"". According to the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", an early use of the word in the English language, meaning simply ""a liquid"", can be dated to 1225. The first use the

"History of alcoholic drinks"
almost 40 years before it was claimed that he invented Champagne. Around 1668, Perignon used strong bottles, invented a more efficient cork (and one that could contain the effervescence in those strong bottles), and began developing the technique of blending the contents. However, another century would pass before problems, especially bursting bottles, would be solved and champagne would become popular. The original grain spirit, whisky (or ""whiskey"" in Hiberno-English) and its specific origins are unknown but the distillation of whisky has been performed in Ireland and Scotland for centuries. The first confirmed written record of whisky comes from 1405 in

abuse alcohol cause problems, draw attention to themselves, are highly visible and cause legislation to be enacted. The vast majority of drinkers, who neither experience nor cause difficulties, are not noteworthy. Consequently, observers and writers largely ignore moderation. Evidence of distillation comes from alchemists working in Alexandria, Roman Egypt, in the 1st century AD. Distilled water has been known since at least c. 200 AD, when Alexander of Aphrodisias described the process. Beer was the major beverage among the Babylonians, and as early as 2700 BC they worshiped a wine goddess and other wine deities. Babylonians regularly used both beer

Liquor
likely first thought of as medicinal elixirs. Liquor consumption rose dramatically in Europe in and after the mid-14th century, when distilled liquors were commonly used as remedies for the Black Death. Around 1400, methods to distill spirits from wheat, barley, and rye beers, a cheaper option than grapes, were discovered. Thus began the ""national"" drinks of Europe: ""jenever"" (Belgium and the Netherlands), gin (England), ""Schnaps"" (Germany), ""grappa"" (Italy), ""borovička"" (Slovakia), ""horilka"" (Ukraine), ""akvavit""/""snaps"" (Scandinavia), ""vodka"" (Poland and Russia), ""ouzo"" (Greece), ""rakia"" (the Balkans), and ""poitín"" (Ireland). The actual names emerged only in the 16th century, but the drinks were well

so far indicates that the true distillation of alcohol began sometime during the Jin or Southern Song dynasties. A still has been found at an archaeological site in Qinglong, Hebei, dating to the 12th century. In India, the true distillation of alcohol was introduced from the Middle East. It was in wide use in the Delhi Sultanate by the 14th century. The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, where evidence of the distillation of alcohol appears from the School of Salerno in the 12th century. Fractional distillation was developed by Tadeo Alderotti in the 13th century.

Alcohol
distilled essence of wine. Libavius in ""Alchymia"" (1594) refers to ""vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum"". Johnson (1657) glosses ""alcohol vini"" as ""quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat."" The word's meaning became restricted to ""spirit of wine"" (the chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances so-called as ""alcohols"" in modern chemistry after 1850. The term ""ethanol"" was invented 1892, combining the word ethane with the ""-ol"" ending of ""alcohol"". IUPAC nomenclature is used in scientific publications

"Alcohol (drug)"
volatile and inhalational anesthetics (e.g., chloroform, diethyl ether, and isoflurane). Alcohol was brewed as early as 7,000 to 6,650 BCE in northern China. The earliest evidence of winemaking was dated at 6,000 to 5,800 BCE in Georgia in the South Caucasus. Beer was likely brewed from barley as early as the 6th century BCE (600–500 BCE) in Egypt. Pliny the Elder wrote about the ""golden age"" of winemaking in Rome, the 2nd century BCE (200–100 BCE), when vineyards were planted. Alcohol is legal in most of the world. However, laws banning alcohol are found in the Middle East and some

Ireland, the production of whisky from malted barley is first mentioned in Scotland in an entry from 1494, although both countries could have distilled grain alcohol before this date. Distilled spirit was generally flavored with juniper berries. The resulting beverage was known as jenever, the Dutch word for ""juniper."" The French changed the name to genievre, which the English changed to ""geneva"" and then modified to ""gin."" Originally used for medicinal purposes, the use of gin as a social drink did not grow rapidly at first. However, in 1690, England passed ""An Act for the Encouraging of the Distillation of

Whisky
""uisce"" in Irish Gaelic, and ""uisge"" in Scottish Gaelic). Distilled alcohol was known in Latin as ""aqua vitae"" (""water of life""). This was translated into Old Irish as ' (""water of life""), which became ' in Irish and """" in Scottish Gaelic. Early forms of the word in English included ""uskebeaghe"" (1581), ""usquebaugh"" (1610), ""usquebath"" (1621), and ""usquebae"" (1715). Much is made of the word's two spellings: ""whisky"" and ""whiskey"". There are two schools of thought on the issue. One is that the spelling difference is simply a matter of regional language convention for the spelling of a word, indicating

"South by Southwest"
Canada) who are natives of, or have family connections to, countries affected by the 2017 U.S. travel ban on citizens from parts of the Islamic world. Uber and Lyft pulled out of Austin in May 2016 as a result of a city ordinance mandating fingerprint-based background checks for drivers of any transportation network company. However, other services such as (locally based) RideAustin, Fasten and Fare, were available, although in high demand. Uber and Lyft resumed service in Austin in May 2017. SXSW 2018 ran from March 9 to 18. Some attendees noted fewer ""big name"" musical acts and corporate pavilions

South by Southwest South by Southwest (abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By) is an annual conglomerate of film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences that take place in mid-March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987, and has continued to grow in both scope and size every year. In 2017, the conference lasted for 10 days with SXSW interactive lasting for five days, music for seven days and film running concurrently for nine days. Comedy and gaming components to the festival are particularly fast-growing. SXSW is run by the company SXSW, LLC which

weeks earlier that lets users livestream video via Twitter, the breakout technology of SXSW Interactive. Another product that got significant buzz was a prototype of the roadable aircraft AeroMobil, which its makers, the company AeroMobil s.r.o., said would be ready for operation by 2017. SXSW 2016 began on March 11 and ended on March 20. On March 11, President Barack Obama gave a speech at SXSW Interactive in which he called on the technology industry to help solve many of America's problems, such as upgrading outdated networks, helping balance security and privacy, and the FBI–Apple encryption dispute. Films that premiered

and publisher Nick Barbaro. Louis Meyers, a booking agent and musician, was also brought on board. Black came up with the name, as a play on the name of the Alfred Hitchcock film ""North by Northwest"". The event was first held in March 1987. The organizers considered it a regional event and expected around 150 attendees to show up, but over 700 came, and according to Black ""it was national almost immediately."" Meyers left Austin and the festival in the early 1990s, but Black, Barbaro and Swenson remained the festival's key organizers as of 2010. Singer-songwriter Michelle Shocked was the

TV series that previewed include ""Barry"", ""Krypton"", ""The Last O.G."" and ""Cloak & Dagger"". To promote the second season of the HBO series ""Westworld"", a recreation of the show's fictional Western ""town"" of Sweetwater was built on two acres of open land just outside Austin. Fans took shuttles to the site, which was dressed in the Old West style, with over 60 actors playing the parts of the android ""hosts"". SXSW 2018 coincided with a string of bombings in Austin, which had begun on March 2 and ended on March 21, when the presumed perpetrator, Mark Anthony Conditt, blew himself

Valley"", which founded C2SV, wrote in 2013 that such festivals were important revenue sources for the alternative weekly newspapers that founded them. On October 3, 2016, a one-day festival, called ""South by South Lawn"" (SXSL), was held at the White House; it was a collaboration between SXSW, US President Barack Obama, and the American Film Institute. South by Southwest South by Southwest (abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By) is an annual conglomerate of film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences that take place in mid-March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987, and

as part of a ""Game of Thrones"" exhibit. The SXSW Gaming section introduced its SXSW Gaming Awards to recognize achievement in video and other types of gaming, which has continued through future SXSW festivals. The keynote presenter and headline act this year for Stubb's was Lady Gaga. To promote her upcoming album, ""Food"", Kelis cooked and served barbecue-style food from a food truck to festival attendees. On March 13, 2014, a drunk driver, Rashad Charjuan Owens, drove his car into a crowd of festival attendees while trying to evade a traffic stop. Two people were killed immediately, another two died

later from their injuries and another 21 were injured but survived. Owens was convicted of capital murder charges after a November 2015 trial in which eyewitnesses testified that about ""a chaotic and harrowing scene"" on the night, as hundreds of people ran and screamed as the car sped through crowds of people. Owens was given an automatic sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. On March 15, 2014, rapper Tyler, The Creator was arrested on misdemeanor charges of ""inciting to riot"" after yelling to fans to push their way past security guards at a sold-out show the previous

had their world premieres, as did the documentaries ""Danny Says"", ""Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine"" and """". ""Ex Machina"" had its North American premiere. ""6 Years"", ""Manson Family Vacation"" and ""Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine"" all got distribution deals at the festival. The 2015 festival hosted the swearing-in ceremony of Michelle K. Lee as the new head of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker administered the oath of office to Lee at the festival on Friday, March 13. Various sources called Meerkat, an iOS app that had launched two

seen during 2011's edition of SXSW. The average SXSW registrant also stayed in Austin longer in 2016, spending an average of 5.2 nights, up from 4.9 nights in 2015. The growth of the festival has brought concerns about violence, crowd control, and safety. The 2014 drunk-driving incident prompted discussion about whether the festival had grown too large and raucous. The organizers of the festival—SXSW Holdings LLC and SXSW Holdings Inc.—were sued by families of the four victims. In May 2014, partially motivated by the 2014 crash, Austin's Urban Transportation Commission announced that it was seeking to enhance safety at the

Acetabulum
Acetabulum The acetabulum (cotyloid cavity) is a concave surface of a pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent

Hip
Hip In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or ""coxa"" in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region (i.e., the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or ""thigh bone"". In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone or acetabulum which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (""art. coxae""), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary

"Pubic symphysis"
Pubic symphysis The pubic symphysis (or ) a cartilaginous joint that sits between and joins left and right the superior rami of the pubic bones. It is located in front of and below the urinary bladder. In males, the suspensory ligament of the penis attaches to the pubic symphysis. In females, the pubic symphysis is intimately close to the clitoris. In normal adults it can be moved roughly 2 mm and with 1 degree rotation. This increases for women at the time of childbirth. The name comes from the Greek word ""symphysis"", meaning ""growing together"". The pubic symphysis is a

"Hip bone"
Hip bone The hip bone (os coxa, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty) it is composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis. The two hip bones join at the pubic symphysis and together with the sacrum and coccyx (the pelvic part of the spine) comprise the skeletal component of the pelvis – the pelvic girdle which surrounds the pelvic cavity. They are connected to the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton, at the

of the pubic symphysis, it is possible to estimate the age of the person at death. Pubic symphysis The pubic symphysis (or ) a cartilaginous joint that sits between and joins left and right the superior rami of the pubic bones. It is located in front of and below the urinary bladder. In males, the suspensory ligament of the penis attaches to the pubic symphysis. In females, the pubic symphysis is intimately close to the clitoris. In normal adults it can be moved roughly 2 mm and with 1 degree rotation. This increases for women at the time of childbirth.

"Acetabular fracture"
Acetabular fracture Fractures of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the pelvis. This injury is caused by a blow to either the side or front of the knee and often occurs as a dashboard injury accompanied by a fracture of the femur. The acetabulum is a cavity situated on the outer surface of the hip bone, also called the coxal bone or innominate bone. It is made up of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis. Together, the acetabulum and head of the femur form the hip joint. Fractures of the acetabulum in young

"Tarsometatarsal joints"
Tarsometatarsal joints The tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joints) are arthrodial joints in the foot. The tarsometatarsal joints involve the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone and the metatarsal bones. The eponym Lisfranc joint is named after 18th-19th century surgeon and gynecologist, Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin. The bones entering into their formation are the first, second, and third cuneiforms, and the cuboid bone, which articulate with the bases of the metatarsal bones. The first metatarsal bone articulates with the first cuneiform; the second is deeply wedged in between the first and third cuneiforms articulating by its base with

"Temporomandibular joint"
there is no ""pop"" or ""click"" sound on opening. Temporomandibular joint The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull. It is a bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone of the skull above and the mandible below; it is from these bones that its name is derived. This joint is unique in that it is a bilateral joint that functions as one unit. Since the TMJ is connected to the mandible, the right and left joints must function together and therefore are not independent of each other. The main components are the joint capsule,

melody in Giacomo Puccini's 1910 opera, ""La fanciulla del West"" (""The Girl of the Golden West""), the Puccini estate filed lawsuit against Webber, accusing him of plagiarism. An agreement was settled out of court and details were not released to the public. The Music of the Night ""The Music of the Night"" (also labeled as just ""Music of the Night"") is a major song, as a male solo, from the 1986 musical ""The Phantom of the Opera"". The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Charles Hart. It has appeared on multiple soundtracks of the musical, such

"Richard Wagner"
and Nazism, the performance of his music in the State of Israel has been a source of controversy. Prose works by Wagner Other sources Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, ""music dramas""). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber

Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, ""music dramas""). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the ""Gesamtkunstwerk"" (""total work of art""), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic,

Starbucks
on April 3, 2017, and Howard Schultz retired to become Chairman Emeritus effective June 26, 2018. In 2018, Starbucks expanded its partnership with Uber Eats to bring its beverages to US customers' doorsteps, as it had already done for some time in China. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 31, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students at the University of San Francisco: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker were inspired to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet after he taught them

Starbucks
Seattle in the early 1980s. Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s, the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s. The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores. The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007. On December 1, 2016, Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective April 2017 and would be replaced by Kevin Johnson. Johnson assumed the role of CEO

Starbucks
their technology team. In April 2017, Schultz became executive chairman of Starbucks with Johnson becoming President and CEO. Starbucks maintains control of production processes by communicating with farmers to secure beans, roasting its own beans, and managing distribution to all retail locations. Additionally, Starbucks' Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices require suppliers to inform Starbucks what portion of wholesale prices paid reaches farmers. In 1994, Starbucks bought The Coffee Connection, gaining the rights to use, make, market, and sell the ""Frappuccino"" beverage. The beverage was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995 and as of 2012, Starbucks had annual Frappuccinos sales

Starbucks
seemed to make sense."" The first Starbucks store was located in Seattle at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971–1976. This cafe was later moved to 1912 Pike Place; never to be relocated again. During this time, the company only sold roasted whole coffee beans and did not yet brew coffee to sell. The only brewed coffee served in the store were free samples. During their first year of operation, they purchased green coffee beans from Peet's, then began buying directly from growers. In 1984, the original owners of Starbucks, led by Jerry Baldwin, purchased Peet's. During the 1980s, total sales of

Starbucks
Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of ""second wave coffee"", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground

Starbucks
Video of the week on the Food Consumer website. Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of ""second wave coffee"", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks

Haggen
Markets, Albertsons, and Safeway saturated the metropolitan area. Haggen became the first grocery store in US with an in-store Starbucks coffee store in 1989. In 1995, they expanded to Portland, Oregon opening stores under the Haggen moniker. In 2008 a joint investigation between the DEA, IRS, FDA and Edmonds police department uncovered a drug diversion scheme at the Edmonds pharmacy location. Ultimately, Haggen paid $425,000 in fines. After two decades of aggressive expansion and innovation the company began to transition after the passing of Dorothy Haggen in October 2008 and the appointment of CEO Jim Donald, former CEO of Starbucks

Starbucks
Midwest, and annually Starbucks was roasting over of coffee. At the time of its initial public offering (IPO) on the stock market in June 1992, Starbucks had 140 outlets, with a revenue of US$73.5 million, up from US$1.3 million in 1987. The company's market value was US$271 million by this time. The 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which facilitated a doubling of the number of stores over the next two years. By September 1992, Starbucks' share price had risen by 70% to over 100 times the earnings per share of

Coffee
in Greenwich Village and elsewhere. The first Peet's Coffee & Tea store opened in 1966 in Berkeley, California by Dutch native Alfred Peet. He chose to focus on roasting batches with fresher, higher quality seeds than was the norm at the time. He was a trainer and supplier to the founders of Starbuck's. The American coffeehouse chain Starbucks, which began as a modest business roasting and selling coffee beans in 1971, was founded by three college students, Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker, and Zev Siegl. The first store opened on March 30, 1971 at the Pike Place Market in Seattle, followed

Starbucks
coffee in the US were falling, but sales of specialty coffee increased, forming 10% of the market in 1989, compared with 3% in 1983. By 1986, the company operated six stores in Seattle and had only just begun to sell espresso coffee. In 1987, the original owners sold the Starbucks chain to former manager Howard Schultz, who rebranded his Il Giornale coffee outlets as Starbucks and quickly began to expand. In the same year, Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois. By 1989, 46 stores existed across the Northwest and

"Freedom of religion in Nepal"
Freedom of religion in Nepal Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a ""Hindu Kingdom,"" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions. The Government took

positive preliminary steps with respect to religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy contributed to the generally free practice of religion. The Interim Parliament, through the Interim Constitution, officially declared the country a secular state in January 2007; however, no laws specifically affecting freedom of religion were changed. Nonetheless, many believed that the declaration made it easier to practice their religion freely. Adherents of the country's many religious groups generally coexisted peacefully and respected places of worship, although there were reports of societal abuses and discrimination based on religious belief or practice. Those who converted

2,500 madrassahs. Twenty thousand Tibetan Buddhist refugees reside in the country. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom of religion and permits the practice of all religious groups; however, there are some restrictions. The Interim Parliament declared the country a secular state in the Interim Constitution in January 2007. The previous constitution described the country as a ""Hindu Kingdom,"" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Article 23 of the Interim Constitution protects the rights of all religious groups by guaranteeing the individual the right ""to profess and practice his/her own religion as handed down to him/her from

"Nepal Sambat"
1054 (1934) - Great Earthquake strikes Nepal.<br> 1061 (1941) - Four martyrs executed by the Rana regime.<br> 1071 (1951) - Revolution topples Rana regime and establishes democracy.<br> 1080 (1960) - Parliamentary system abolished and Panchayat system established.<br> 1111 (1991) - First parliamentary election held after abolition of Panchayat and reinstatement of democracy.<br> 1121 (2001) - The king, queen and other members of the royal family are killed in Nepalese royal massacre.<br> 1128 (2008) - Nepal becomes a republic. Nepal Sambat Nepal Sambat (नेपाल सम्बत) is the national lunar calendar of Nepal. The Calendar era began on 20 October 879 AD,

favoritism to Hinduism. Though, Hinduism is a very wide religion that grants enough grounds for other faiths, including atheism, recognizing Nepal as a Hindu state was humiliating to adherents of other faiths. So became the driving force for the establishment of secular state following the people's movement in 2006. Freedom of religion in Nepal Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in

"Religion in Nepal"
Religion in Nepal Nepal is primarily Hindu in religion though it is multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and religiously diverse nation with many religions being practiced here since the ancient times. Nepal is also a secular state and Democratic country according to the constitution of Nepal. The treatment of all religions equally by the state and Freedom of religion is also guaranteed by Nepali constitution. Prior to the movement for democracy in early 2006 and the sacking of King Gyanendra in 2008, the country was officially a Hindu kingdom. Hinduism is the majority religion in the state and profoundly influences its social

after more than 20,000 Tibetan refugees who left their homeland after the Dalai Lama fled Tibet in 1959. The law prohibits converting others and proselytizing; these activities are punishable by fines, imprisonment, or, for foreigners, expulsion. However, personal conversion is allowed. Some Christian and Muslim groups were concerned that the ban on proselytizing limited the expression of non-Hindu religious belief. NGOs or individuals were allowed to file reports that individuals or organizations were proselytizing, and the Government investigated these reports. There were no incidents of punishment for conversion or proselytism during the reporting period. Madrassahs, but not mosques, are required

as part of religious ceremonies. The Government also restricted all other non-religious local Tibetan celebrations (Tibetan New Year, the Dalai Lama's birthday, and Democracy Day) to private property. On March 10, 2007, however, the Tibetan community was allowed to march freely in the street, demanding ""freedom and justice for Tibet."" During the reporting period, the Government revoked the legally obtained registration of a welfare office to look after Tibetan refugees (a lawsuit was pending at the end of the reporting period) and did not allow the registration of an office to represent the Dalai Lama. The welfare office previously looked

Nepal
the constitution – replacing ""Provisions regarding the King"" by ""Provisions of the Head of the State"" – declaring Nepal a federal republic, and thereby abolishing the monarchy. The bill came into force on 28 May 2008. The Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) won the largest number of seats in the Constituent Assembly election held on 10 April 2008, and formed a coalition government, which included most of the parties in the CA. Although acts of violence occurred during the pre-electoral period, election observers noted that the elections themselves were markedly peaceful and ""well-carried out"". The newly elected Assembly met

"Religion in India"
did not state their religion in the 2001 census. The preamble to the Constitution of India proclaims India a ""sovereign socialist secular democratic republic"". The word ""secular"" was inserted into the Preamble by the Forty-second Amendment Act of 1976. It mandates equal treatment and tolerance of all religions. India does not have an official state religion; it enshrines the right to practise, preach, and propagate any religion. No religious instruction is imparted in government-supported schools. In S. R. Bommai vs. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India held that secularism was an integral tenet of the Constitution. Freedom of

"Goodbye, Mr. Chips"
Goodbye, Mr. Chips Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton in October 1934. It has been adapted into two cinema films and two television presentations. The novella has remained an essential part of the English subject syllabus taught at Pakistan's higher secondary school level for the past 30 years, although its choice has received some criticism in the recent past due to perceived lack of relevance to the local society and education system. The story was originally issued in

the huge success of this book, James Hilton became a best-selling author. The novella tells the story of a beloved school teacher, Mr Chipping, and his long tenure at Brookfield School, a fictional minor British boys' public boarding school located in the fictional village of Brookfield, in the Fenlands. Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom. His views broaden, and his pedagogical manner loosens after he marries Katherine, a young woman whom he meets on holiday in the Lake District. Katherine charms the Brookfield teachers and headmaster, and

1933, as a supplement to the ""British Weekly"", an evangelical newspaper. It came to prominence when it was reprinted as the lead piece of the April 1934 issue of ""The Atlantic"". The success of the ""Atlantic Monthly"" publication prompted a book deal between the author and the US publisher Little, Brown and Company, who published the story in book form for the first time in June 1934. The Great Depression had elevated business risks for most publishing houses, and Little, Brown were no exception. They cautiously released a small first print run. Public demand for more was immediate, and Little,

in the United States. It starred Martin Clunes and Victoria Hamilton with Henry Cavill, William Moseley, Oliver Rokison and Harry Lloyd. ""Goodbye, Mr. Chips"" was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes ""Hale and Pace"" (as ""Piss Off, Mr. Chips"") and ""Big Train"". Goodbye, Mr. Chips Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton in October 1934. It has been adapted into two cinema films and two television presentations. The novella has remained an essential part of the English subject

a well worn institution. In his later years, he develops an arch sense of humour that pleases everyone. However, he also becomes somewhat of an anachronism, with an antiquated pronunciation (ironic, perhaps for a teacher of classic languages) and is pities for his isolation. At this deathbed, he talks of the fulfillment he took as a teacher of boys. In many ways, the novella can be read as a meditation on the meaning of a mediocre life, quietly lived. Although the book is unabashedly sentimental, it depicts the sweeping social changes that Chips experiences throughout his life: he begins his

upon Balgarnie's death that ""Balgarnie was, I suppose, the chief model for my story. When I read so many other stories about public school life, I am struck by the fact that I suffered no such purgatory as their authors apparently did, and much of this miracle was due to Balgarnie."" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname ""Chops"", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name. In Hilton's final novel, ""Time and Time Again"" (1953), protagonist Charles Anderson bears clear biographical similarities to Hilton himself. Early in the novel, Anderson

"William Henry Balgarnie"
William Henry Balgarnie William Henry Balgarnie (12 May 1869 – c. July 1951) was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School, and was the inspiration for the character Mr Chips in the book ""Goodbye, Mr. Chips"", written by one of his students at The Leys, James Hilton. He was born at Woolwich.He was the son of a Presbyterian minister, Balgarnie studied at and taught at Elmfield College before going to The Leys. In the 1890s he gathered with other Old Elmfieldians in London for a country walk followed by tea, which was invariably accompanied with recitations

quickly wins the favour of Brookfield's pupils. Their marriage is brief. She dies in childbirth and he never remarries or has another romantic interest. One of the poignant and bittersweet themes of the book is that Chipping so outlasts all of his peers that his brief marriage fades into myth and few people know him as anything other than a confirmed and lonely bachelor. Despite Chipping's mediocre credentials and his view that Greek and Latin (his academic subjects) are dead languages, he is an effective teacher who becomes highly regarded by students and the school's governors - he has become

tenure at Brookfield in September 1870, at the age of 22, as the Franco-Prussian War was breaking out; he dies in November 1933, at the age of 85, shortly after Adolf Hitler's rise to power. The setting for ""Goodbye, Mr. Chips"" is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915–18). Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School. Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master

Brown went into an almost immediate reprinting the same month. Public demand remained strong, and Little, Brown continued to reprint the book in cautious lots for many months, with at least two reprintings per month. The first British edition went to press in October 1934. The publishers were Hodder & Stoughton, who had observed the success of the book in the United States, and they released a much larger first print run. It sold 15,000 copies on the day of publication, and they quickly found themselves going into reprints as the reading public's demand for the book proved insatiable. With

"Succession to the British throne"
Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte and younger brother, Prince Louis. Sixth in line is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Under the Perth Agreement, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the

"Heir apparent"
to the 16 thrones of Elizabeth II to absolute primogeniture, except for male heirs born before the Perth Agreement. The effects are not likely to be felt for many years; the first two heirs at the time of the agreement (Charles, Prince of Wales, and his son Prince William, Duke of Cambridge) were already eldest born children, and in 2013, William's first-born son Prince George of Cambridge became the next apparent successor. But even in legal systems that apply male-preference primogeniture, female heirs apparent are by no means impossible: if a male heir apparent dies leaving no sons but at

in March, were the children of Lady Davina Lewis—her son Tāne (born 2012) and her daughter Senna (born 2010)—who were reversed in the order of succession, becoming 29th and 28th in line respectively. The Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement (restated by the Acts of Union) still govern succession to the throne. They were amended in the United Kingdom by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, which was passed mainly ""to make succession to the Crown not depend on gender"" and ""to make provision about Royal Marriages"" (according to its long title), thereby implementing the Perth Agreement

Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in ""communion with the Church of England"". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman

peerages (e.g. Frances Ward, 6th Baroness Dudley, and Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth). In one special case, however, England and Scotland had a female heir apparent. The Revolution settlement that established William and Mary as joint monarchs in 1689 only gave the power to continue the succession through issue to Mary II, eldest daughter of the previous king, James II. William, by contrast, was to reign for life only, and his (hypothetical) children by a wife other than Mary would be placed in his original place (as Mary's first cousin) in the line of succession – after Mary's younger sister

stipulate whoever is monarch of the United Kingdom will also be monarch of that realm. In February 1952, on her accession, Elizabeth II was proclaimed as sovereign separately throughout her realms. In October 2011, the heads of government of all 16 realms agreed unanimously at a meeting held in Perth, Australia, to proposed changes to the royal succession laws that would see the order of succession for people born after 28 October 2011 governed by absolute primogeniture—wherein succession passes to an individual's children according to birth order, regardless of sex—instead of male-preference primogeniture. They also agreed to lift a ban

"Descendants of Charles II of England"
(1689–1716) and Charles Radclyffe (1693–1746) were both notable Jacobites and both were executed for treason following the Risings of 1715 and 1745 respectively. Lady Diana Spencer (later the Princess of Wales) is a descendant of Charles II, through two of his illegitimate sons. Diana married The Prince of Wales in 1981 and had two sons, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Currently, the Duke is 2nd in the line of Succession, his sons and daughter, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis are 3rd, 4th, and 5th, while Prince Harry is 6th in line. If

complete version of the line of succession is currently maintained. The exact number, in remoter collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession, but did so disregarding Roman Catholic status. When updated in January 2011, the number was 5,753. The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to descendants of the sons of George V (the present Queen's grandfather). The order of the first seventeen numbered in the

the undoubted king. Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in ""communion with the Church of England"". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded

rank behind her brothers regardless of their ages or her age. Thus, normally, even an only daughter will not be heir apparent, since at any time a brother might be born who, though younger, would assume that position. Hence, she is an heir presumptive. For example, Queen Elizabeth II was heir presumptive during the reign of her father, King George VI, because at any stage up to his death, George could have fathered a legitimate son. In a system of absolute primogeniture that disregards gender, female heirs apparent occur. As succession to titles, positions, or offices in the past most

"Peter Athans"
Peter Athans Peter Athans (born March 1, 1957) is one of the world's foremost high-altitude mountaineers. In 2008 he was celebrated for summiting Mount Everest seven times, and was given the moniker ""Mr. Everest"". His first attempt to climb Everest in 1985 via the West Ridge, and further attempts in 1986, 1987, and 1989 were unsuccessful, but he succeeded in summitting in 1990 as part of an expedition that included Scott Fischer and Wally Berg. Athans is one of several western Himalayan guides who have adopted Nepal as a second home, and who have taken up the cause of the

has also participated in unsuccessful attempts. While Apa's 21 ascents were once the record for most ascents of Everest, which he held jointly with Phurba Tashi. Kami Rita Sherpa made his 22nd ascent on 16 May, 2018, putting Apa in a tie for second. Apa broke his own record by reaching the summit of Everest for the nineteenth time on May 21, 2009. He was a member of The Eco Everest Expedition, led by Bill Burke, whose purpose was to raise awareness about climate change. The team spent half an hour at the top of the mountain, unfurling a banner

"Toshio Yamamoto (mountaineer)"
had summited and 180 had died since 1953, according to the Washington Post. The record was broken almost every year during this period, Toshio surpassing Lev Sariskov from the previous year and Sherman Bull in turn breaking Toshio's record the next year and this record was broken several more times in the following decade. By 2013 the record was set at 80, by Yuichiro Miura who had also set a record of 70 in 2003 and was the first person known to ski down Everest in 1970, as documented in the film ""The Man Who Skied Down Everest"". Age at

"Ed Viesturs"
Ed Viesturs Edmund Viesturs (born June 22, 1959) is a high-altitude mountaineer and corporate speaker. He is the only American to have climbed all 14 of the world's eight-thousander mountain peaks, and the fifth person to do so without using supplemental oxygen. Along with Apa Sherpa, he has summitted peaks of over 8,000 meters on 21 occasions, including Mount Everest seven times; only four other climbers, Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa, Juanito Oiarzabal, Namgyal Sherpa, and Ang Dorje Sherpa, have more high-altitude ascents. Viesturs took part in the 1996 IMAX filming of ""Everest"" shortly after the 1996 Mount Everest disaster, which

History of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its first Type A Engine, which was used in the

"Toyota Motor Sales, USA"
TMS. The company maintains its headquarters in Torrance, California in Greater Los Angeles. The campus has six buildings, with a total of of office space. In 2012 a 1.1 megawatt hydrogen fuel cell generator was installed at the campus, giving half of the power for the six buildings during the peak demand period. The generator does not generate emissions. By using the generator, as of 2012 the company saves $130,000 in utility bill charges. As of 2014 the headquarters has 5,300 employees. On October 31, 1957, Toyota opened its first United States office in a former Rambler/Ford dealership, at 6000

"Gulf States Toyota Distributors"
According to Shelby, ""I turned it down because I went to Lee Iacocca, and he told me not to take it because the domestic makers were going to push the Japanese back into the ocean."" Shelby told his racing buddy, Tom Friedkin, about Toyota's intentions to sell distributor licenses. Friedkin flew to Japan and convinced Toyota that he had the necessary knowledge and resources. Gulf States Toyota brought the first Toyota vehicle to Houston, Texas in 1969, when all Toyota vehicles were manufactured in Japan and imported into the US. Three years later, the company employed 35 associates and had

his focus on investment in equipment. One example was the construction of the Motomachi Plant in 1959, which gave Toyota a decisive lead over Nissan during the 1960s. In 1950, a separate sales company, Toyota Motor Sales Co., was established (which lasted until July 1982). In April 1956, the Toyopet dealer chain was established. In 1957, the Crown became the first Japanese car to be exported to the United States and Toyota's American and Brazilian divisions, ""Toyota Motor Sales Inc."" and ""Toyota do Brasil S.A."", were also established. Toyota began to expand in the 1960s with a new research and

to Finland for evaluation in June 1962, but no sales followed. The first European importer was Erla Auto Import A/S of Denmark, who brought in 190 Crowns following a May 1963 agreement to become the distributor for Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Netherlands followed in May 1964, and after having established toeholds in countries with little or no indigenous automobile production other markets followed in 1966. In 1968 Toyota established its first European CKD assembler, Salvador Caetano I.M.V.T. of Portugal. With high fuel prices and a weak US economy in mid-2008, Toyota reported a double-digit decline in sales for the

Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on November 4, 2016, grossing $175.3 million worldwide and received largely positive reviews, with Gibson's direction and Garfield's performance earning notable praise. ""Hacksaw Ridge"" was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year, and has received numerous awards and nominations. The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing, winning the awards for Best

he saw his performance in ""The Social Network"". Palmer wanted a role in the film so badly that she auditioned via phone, and sent the recording to Gibson. She heard nothing back for three months, until Gibson called Palmer to tell her in a Skype chat that he had cast her in the role of Dorothy, Doss' wife. Principal photography started on September 29, 2015, and lasted for 59 days, ending in December of that year. Filming took place entirely in Australia. The film was based at Fox Studios in Sydney, after producers vigorously scouted for locations around the country.

Direction and Production Design at the Satellite Awards. Hacksaw Ridge Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary ""The Conscientious Objector"". The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of

"Me First and the Gimme Gimmes"
Me First and the Gimme Gimmes Me First and the Gimme Gimmes (often shortened to just ""Me First"" or ""The Gimmes"") are a punk rock supergroup and cover band that formed in San Francisco in 1995. The Gimmes work exclusively as a cover band. They specialize in rapid-fire punk interpretations of a wide range of songs, often with a humorous edge. The band is named after a children's book of the same name by Gerald G. Jampolsky and Diane V. Cirincione. The band's first release came with 1995's ""Denver"", a 7"" single released on band member Fat Mike's record label

"Gimme Gimme Gimme (TV series)"
Gimme Gimme Gimme (TV series) Gimme Gimme Gimme is a BBC television sitcom by Tiger Aspect Productions that was first aired in three series from 1999 to 2001. It was written by Jonathan Harvey, who developed the series with Kathy Burke. The title from the show stems from both the main characters' continual search for a male partner, and the theme music is a cover of ABBA's ""Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)"". The first two series were originally shown on BBC Two and were deemed successful enough for the third series to be shown on BBC One. The

"Gimme a Break!"
This is supported by episodes where Katie moves to San Francisco and Julie moves to nearby San Jose. The show was produced by Alan Landsburg Productions (renamed as Reeves Entertainment Group in 1985). The American syndication rights are held by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, the successor company to original syndicator MCA TV. FremantleMedia owns the international rights, as they own Thames Television, which acquired Reeves Entertainment Group in 1990. The creators of the show were Mort Lachman and Sy Rosen. Over its run, the series used two different theme songs. The first was composed by Bob Christianson with lyrics by Bob

Give-n-Take
gifts. The champion selected one of the eight spaces on the board and had one chance to stop the arrow on it. Doing so awarded all prizes described in that day's main game, in addition to everything she had already won. Champions stayed on the show for a maximum of five days, or until they reached the $25,000 winnings limit that was in effect for CBS game shows at the time. ""Give-n-Take"" debuted on September 8, 1975, at 10:00 am Eastern (9:00 Central), replacing the Nicholson-Muir series ""Spin-Off"" and facing NBC's popular ""Celebrity Sweepstakes"" (ABC did not program at 10:00

"Shopper's World"
in the plural form) opened on October 4, 1951 with 44 stores, 25,000 people, and State Treasurer John E. Hurley present. This futuristic concept mall was designed to be the mecca of suburban shopping between Boston and Worcester, as the area around its original property remains today. The large Jordan Marsh dome on the southern end was the sole anchor store for the mall in the earliest days. The dome was visible from the air and was used on aeronautical charts as a visual reporting point for aircraft approaching Boston's Logan Airport. It was reputed to be the third largest

"Home Shopping Network"
left HSNi in May 2017 to helm Weight Watchers. The forerunner of HSN was launched by Lowell ""Bud"" Paxson and Roy Speer in 1982 as the Home Shopping Club, a local cable channel seen on Vision Cable and Group W Cable in Pinellas County, Florida. It expanded into the first national shopping network three years later on July 1, 1985, changing its name to the Home Shopping Network, and pioneering the concept of a televised sales pitch for consumer goods and services. Its competitor and future owner QVC was launched the following year. The idea for HSN had its roots

TG&Y
can afford to pay,"" Founded in 1935, the chain was headquartered in Oklahoma City and named for its three founders: Rawdon E. Tomlinson, Enoch L. ""Les"" Gosselin, and Raymond A. Young. The three men each owned separate variety stores in Oklahoma when they met at a trade show in 1932. In 1935, the three pooled their financial resources to form the Central Merchandising Corporation and built a warehouse in Oklahoma City, allowing their stores to buy merchandise in bulk directly from manufacturers, instead of through wholesalers. They opened their first jointly-owned store in 1936. The owners' initials were ordered according

Hawaiian shirts of varying styles and colors over the years. Me First and the Gimme Gimmes Me First and the Gimme Gimmes (often shortened to just ""Me First"" or ""The Gimmes"") are a punk rock supergroup and cover band that formed in San Francisco in 1995. The Gimmes work exclusively as a cover band. They specialize in rapid-fire punk interpretations of a wide range of songs, often with a humorous edge. The band is named after a children's book of the same name by Gerald G. Jampolsky and Diane V. Cirincione. The band's first release came with 1995's ""Denver"", a

for the first two series and the special; the third series was directed by Tristram Shapeero. Gimme Gimme Gimme (TV series) Gimme Gimme Gimme is a BBC television sitcom by Tiger Aspect Productions that was first aired in three series from 1999 to 2001. It was written by Jonathan Harvey, who developed the series with Kathy Burke. The title from the show stems from both the main characters' continual search for a male partner, and the theme music is a cover of ABBA's ""Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)"". The first two series were originally shown on BBC Two

"History of Hersheypark"
History of Hersheypark The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903. The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company. People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905. The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park. The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat,

"Prohibition in the United States"
the steps that should be avoided to prevent the juice from fermenting into wine. Some drugstores sold ""medical wine"" with around a 22% alcohol content. In order to justify the sale, the wine was given a medicinal taste. Home-distilled hard liquor was called bathtub gin in northern cities, and moonshine in rural areas of Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Homebrewing good hard liquor was easier than brewing good beer. Since selling privately distilled alcohol was illegal and bypassed government taxation, law enforcement officers relentlessly pursued manufacturers. In response, bootleggers modified their cars and trucks by enhancing

Prohibition
drinks were still available. Large quantities of alcohol were smuggled into the United States from Canada, over land, by sea routes along both ocean coasts, and through the Great Lakes, and alcohol was diverted from the limited exceptions to the Volstead Act: medicinal and religious. While the federal government cracked down on alcohol consumption on land within the United States, it was a different story along the U.S. coastlines, where vessels outside the 3-mile limit were exempt. In addition, home brewing was popular during Prohibition. Malt and hops stores popped up across the country and some former breweries turned to

of alcohol was illegal in the United States, Section 29 of the Volstead Act allowed wine and cider to be made from fruit at home, but not beer. Up to 200 gallons of wine and cider per year could be made, and some vineyards grew grapes for home use. The Act did not prohibit consumption of alcohol. Many people stockpiled wines and liquors for their personal use in the latter part of 1919 before sales of alcoholic beverages became illegal in January 1920. Since alcohol was legal in neighboring countries, distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean flourished

Amendment went into effect in January 1920, many of the upper classes stockpiled alcohol for legal home consumption after Prohibition began. They bought the inventories of liquor retailers and wholesalers, emptying out their warehouses, saloons, and club storerooms. President Woodrow Wilson moved his own supply of alcoholic beverages to his Washington residence after his term of office ended. His successor, Warren G. Harding, relocated his own large supply into the White House after inauguration. After the Eighteenth Amendment became law the United States embraced bootlegging. In just the first six months of 1920 alone, the federal government opened 7,291 cases

by lower-quality vines that grew thicker-skinned grapes, which could be more easily transported. Much of the institutional knowledge was also lost as winemakers either emigrated to other wine producing countries or left the business altogether. Distilled spirits became more popular during Prohibition. Because of its higher alcohol content in comparison to fermented wine and beer, it became common to mix and dilute the hard alcohol. Prohibition in the United States Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. During the nineteenth century, alcoholism, family

as their products were either consumed by visiting Americans or smuggled into the United States illegally. The Detroit River, which forms part of the U.S. border with Canada, was notoriously difficult to control, especially rum-running in Windsor, Canada. When the U.S. government complained to the British that American law was being undermined by officials in Nassau, Bahamas, the head of the British Colonial Office refused to intervene. Winston Churchill believed that Prohibition was ""an affront to the whole history of mankind"". Three federal agencies were assigned the task of enforcing the Volstead Act: the U.S. Coast Guard Office of Law

Prohibition in the United States Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. During the nineteenth century, alcoholism, family violence, and saloon-based political corruption prompted activists, led by pietistic Protestants, to end the alcoholic beverage trade to cure the ill society and weaken the political opposition. One result was that many communities in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries introduced alcohol prohibition, with the subsequent enforcement in law becoming a hotly debated issue. Prohibition supporters, called ""drys"", presented it as a victory for public morals

the United States continues to be cited. Making moonshine was an industry in the American South before and after Prohibition. In the 1950s muscle cars became popular and various roads became known as ""Thunder Road"" for their use by moonshiners. A popular ballad was created and the legendary drivers, cars, and routes were depicted on film in ""Thunder Road"". Illegal sales are not officially reported or measured, but there are indirect estimates using alcohol related deaths and cirrhosis, a liver disease specifically tied to ongoing alcohol consumption. After the prohibition was implemented, alcohol continued to be consumed. However, how much

reducing the amount of liquor consumed, cirrhosis death rates, admissions to state mental hospitals for alcoholic psychosis, arrests for public drunkennness, and rates of absenteeism. While some allege that Prohibition stimulated the proliferation of rampant underground, organized and widespread criminal activity, many academics maintain that there was no increase in crime during the Prohibition era and that such claims are ""rooted in the impressionistic rather than the factual."" By 1925, there were anywhere from 30,000 to 100,000 speakeasy clubs in New York City alone. Wet opposition talked of personal liberty, new tax revenues from legal beer and liquor, and the

semi-public environment of the speakeasies. This new norm established women as a notable new target demographic for alcohol marketeers, who sought to expand their clientele. Women thus found their way into the bootlegging business, with some discovering that they could make a living by selling alcohol with a minimal likelihood of suspicion by law enforcement. Before prohibition, women who drank publicly in saloons or taverns, especially outside of urban centers like Chicago or New York, were seen as immoral or were likely to be prostitutes. In 1930 the Prohibition Commissioner estimated that in 1919, the year before the Volstead Act

what was the actual year that the movie regarding the titans took place

"Clash of the Titans (2010 film)"
the sea, discovering a baby, Perseus, and the body of his mother, Danae. Spyros and his wife, Marmara, raise Perseus as their own son, alongside their daughter, Tekla. One day, an adult Perseus and his family watch soldiers from the city of Argos destroying the statue of Zeus. Infuriated at this, the Gods unleash the Furies who attack the soldiers. Hades then appears and destroys the family's fishing vessel, resulting in Perseus' family drowning. Only Perseus survives and is found by a group of soldiers. Perseus is brought before King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia, who are celebrating their campaign against

"Clash of the Titans (1981 film)"
Andromeda will live happily, rule wisely, and produce children, and Zeus forbids the other gods to pursue vengeance against them. The constellations of Perseus, Andromeda, Pegasus, and Cassiopeia are created in their honor. In 1978, Andor Films submitted a copy of the script to the British Board of Film Classification, seeking advice on how to secure either a ""U"" or an ""A"" certificate. The draft script included scenes which the BBFC considered would not be acceptable under those certificates, including the Kraken tearing Pegasus to pieces and Andromeda being naked during the climax of the film. Changes to the script

created the mortals, whose faith and prayers has fueled the gods' immortality. As time passed, however, mortals began to question and soon resist their creators, angering the Olympians. The Olympians wanted to eliminate Man altogether, but Zeus had other plans for man. Zeus disguised himself as the King Acrisius and slept with the queen conceiving a child Perseus. So angry at Zeus, Acrisius murdered his wife and threw her and the child in the ocean. Zeus punishes Acrisius by striking him with lightning and turning him into the deformed creature Calibos. A fisherman named Spyros finds a coffin adrift in

"Duel of the Titans"
and Remus (Scott) grow up to lead a band of thieves in an effort to eliminate two cruel Kings—Amulias and Nemulias, the King of the Sabines. After 20 years, the two twins are briefly reunited with their mother. Before she dies, she tells her sons that they are destined to be the founders of a great city. Later after having fallen in love with the daughter of Nemulias, Romulus is unaware of his brother's ambitions as Remus steadily succumbs to the temptations of power and greed. King Tasius pursues the brothers and their followers both to retrieve his daughter as

"Remember the Titans"
paralyzed from the waist down, the team goes on to win the state championship. Bertier would remain a paraplegic for the rest of his life. Ten years later, Bertier dies in another automobile accident caused by a drunk driver, after winning the gold medal in shot put in the Paralympic Games; it is then revealed that it is his funeral the former football coaches and players are attending. In the epilogue, descriptions show the players’ and coaches’ activities after the events in 1971. Filming locations for the motion picture included the campus of Berry College in Rome, GA, as well

"Titans (2018 TV series)"
in September 2014 for the cable channel TNT, with Goldsman and Marc Haimes writing the pilot. The pilot had been ordered by December 2014, but never came to fruition, with TNT announcing in January 2016 it would no longer be moving forward with the project. In April 2017, it was announced that the series was being redeveloped for DC Comics' new direct-to-consumer digital service, with Goldsman, Johns, and Berlanti attached. Brenton Thwaites was cast as Dick Grayson in September 2017, and other series regulars were cast between August and October 2017. In May 2018, the spin-off series ""Doom Patrol"" was

Duel of the Titans Duel of the Titans () is a 1961 Italian film directed by Sergio Corbucci and starring Steve Reeves, Gordon Scott, and Virna Lisi. The film is about twin brothers revolt against tyranny in pre-Roman Italy and then come to a parting of the ways as they lead their people toward the founding of a new city, known as Rome. This is based on the legend of Romulus and Remus. Born of a God and a mortal, two babies are abandoned to a river. Nurtured by a wolf, they are later recovered by a shepherd. Romulus (Reeves)

"The Fall of the Titans"
on Mount Othrys, the Titans most famously included the first twelve children of Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). They ruled during the legendary Golden Age, and also comprised the first pantheon of Greek deities. Just as the Titan Cronus overthrew his father Uranus, the Titans were overthrown by Cronus's children (Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hestia, Hera and Demeter), the core Olympian deities, in the Titanomachy (or ""War of the Titans""), at the end of which they were imprisoned in Tartarus, a Greek version of Hell. Their arrival there is depicted in the painting. The painting was bought by King

enraged at arrogant humans and demanding a sacrifice and the Cult of the Evil God (Changed from Tiamat to Hades) was retained into the final production. Producer Basil Iwanyk revived the project in 2006 with a rewrite by Travis Beacham, a fan of the original, who intended the script to be ""darker and more realistic"". Lawrence Kasdan and director Stephen Norrington signed on in 2007. Kasdan gave the script another rewrite from the Beacham version. But Norrington was unsure about his direction for the project because he did not grow up with the original. Leterrier, who did, contacted Norrington through

27, 2009, near London, at Shepperton Studios, and also at Pinewood Studios and at Longcross Studios, near Chertsey, in Surrey. Filming also took place in Wales, the Canary Islands (Spain) (primarily at the World Heritage Site, Teide National Park in Tenerife), Maspalomas Dunes, Gran Canaria, and Timanfaya National Park in Lanzarote. Aerial photography was conducted in Iceland and Ethiopia. Filming of volcano scenes at the Harriet hole in Dinorwic Slate Quarry in Wales wrapped at the end of July. This slate quarry has also been used for locations for ""Willow"" and ""Street Fighter"". Bubo, Athena's mechanical owl in the original

Decker were cast in the remaining roles on the series. Embry joined in the role of Coyote, Frankie and Sol's recovering drug addicted son, while Decker signed onto the role of Mallory, Grace and Robert's younger daughter. In October 2015, it was announced Sam Elliott would appear in the second season as Grace's love interest. In April 2017, it was reported that Lisa Kudrow will appear in the fourth season as Sheree, Grace's manicurist. In February 2018, the same day as the fifth season was commissioned, RuPaul was confirmed to appear in the fifth season as a rival of Grace

2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season, with RuPaul announced to guest star as a rival of Grace and Frankie. Casting announcements began in June 2014, with Martin Sheen cast in the role of Robert, Grace's husband. The following month, Sam Waterston was cast in the role of Sol, Frankie's husband. June Diane Raphael and Baron Vaughn were then added to the cast, with Raphael cast in the role of Brianna, Grace and Robert's elder daughter, who rebels against Grace's decorum. Vaughn signed onto the role of Nwabudike, Frankie and Sol's son. Shortly afterwards, Ethan Embry and Brooklyn

that they had ""made a joke in an interview about our salaries, which was taken out of context."" Grace and Frankie Grace and Frankie is an American comedy web television series created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris for Netflix. The series stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin in the title roles of Grace and Frankie, two unlikely friends who are brought together after their husbands announce that they are in love with each other and plan to get married. Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, and Baron Vaughn co-star in supporting roles. It

"Makenzie Vega"
Makenzie Vega Makenzie Vega (born February 10, 1994) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Grace Florrick on ""The Good Wife"" and as the 11-year-old counterpart of Nancy Callahan in ""Sin City"". Vega was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is Colombian and her mother, Gina Rue, is an American former model. She is the younger sister of actress Alexa Vega. At the age of five, Vega played one of the children of Teddie Cochran (Geena Davis) in ""The Geena Davis Show"". In 2000, she was cast as Annie, the Campbells' precocious daughter in ""The

after. Makenzie Vega Makenzie Vega (born February 10, 1994) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Grace Florrick on ""The Good Wife"" and as the 11-year-old counterpart of Nancy Callahan in ""Sin City"". Vega was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is Colombian and her mother, Gina Rue, is an American former model. She is the younger sister of actress Alexa Vega. At the age of five, Vega played one of the children of Teddie Cochran (Geena Davis) in ""The Geena Davis Show"". In 2000, she was cast as Annie, the Campbells' precocious daughter in

"Jill Novick"
in recent years. Jill Novick currently is an English teacher at Culver City High School and the Creative Director of Theatre for The Academy of Visual and Performing Arts. Jill Novick Jill Novick (born January 20, 1966 in Westchester County, New York) is an American actress. She played Tracy Gaylian, the girlfriend of Brandon in the 1996–1997 season of ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". Jill Novick played the young Theodora ""Teddy"" Reed on the TV series Sisters Jill graduated from Mamaroneck High School in Mamaroneck, New York with the class of 1984. One of her classmates and friends was fellow actor Kevin

"Sela Ward"
Sela Ward Sela Ann Ward (born July 11, 1956) is an American actress, author, and producer, best known for her roles on television beginning in the early 1980s. Her breakthrough TV role was as Teddy Reed in the NBC drama series ""Sisters"" (1991–96), for which she received her first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1994. She received her second Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for the leading role of Lily Manning in the ABC drama series ""Once and Again"" (1999–2002). Ward later had the

"Dwight Howard"
Hamidou Diallo, a 2021 second-round draft pick and cash considerations. He was waived by the Nets immediately upon being acquired. On July 12, 2018, Howard signed with the Washington Wizards. After missing all of training camp, every exhibition game and the first seven regular-season games with a sore backside, Howard made his debut for the Wizards on November 2 against the Oklahoma City Thunder, scoring 13 first-quarter points before finishing with 20 points on 7-of-8 shooting, three rebounds and four fouls in 23 minutes in a 134–111 loss. On November 16, he recorded a season-high 25 points and 17 rebounds

Plumlee and the 41st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft. In his debut for the Hornets in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Howard had 10 points, 15 rebounds and two blocks in a 102–90 loss to the Detroit Pistons. On October 23, he had 22 rebounds against the Milwaukee Bucks, three shy of the team record. In the following game on October 25, Howard had 15 points and 19 rebounds in a 110–93 win over the Denver Nuggets, becoming the first Charlotte player since Emeka Okafor in 2007 with four consecutive 15-rebound games. He had his fifth

the Nets, who had relocated to Brooklyn. He intended to become a free agent at the end of the 2012–13 season if he was not traded to Brooklyn. On August 10, 2012, Howard was traded from Orlando to the Los Angeles Lakers in a deal that also involved the Philadelphia 76ers and the Denver Nuggets. The Lakers also received Chris Duhon and Earl Clark; the Magic received Josh McRoberts, Christian Eyenga, Maurice Harkless, Nikola Vučević, Arron Afflalo, Al Harrington, and draft picks; Philadelphia received Jason Richardson and Andrew Bynum; and Denver received Andre Iguodala. Howard took six months off from

signed a three-year, $70 million contract with the Atlanta Hawks. With the retirement of Tim Duncan, Howard entered the 2016–17 season as the NBA's active leader in rebounds (12,089) and blocked shots (1,916). He made his debut for the Hawks in their season opener on October 27, 2016, recording 11 points, 19 rebounds and three blocks in a 114–99 win over the Washington Wizards. Howard posted the most rebounds for anyone in their Atlanta debut, breaking the mark of 18 that Shareef Abdur-Rahim set at Houston on October 30, 2001. On November 2, he recorded a season-high 31 points and

Team after five consecutive first-team honors. He became a free agent in the summer, and was offered a maximum contract of five years for $118 million from the Lakers matched with four years for $88 million from other teams. In early July, Howard met with the Lakers, Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Golden State Warriors and Atlanta Hawks, and on July 5, 2013, announced via Twitter that he intended to sign with the Rockets. He officially signed with Houston on July 13, 2013, joining James Harden to form a formidable duo. With the Rockets, he was initially moved from center to

Rockets. After struggling to make an impact over the Hawks' first three playoff games in their first-round series with the Washington Wizards, Howard had his best game of the postseason in Game 4, putting up a double-double by halftime and finishing with 16 points and 15 rebounds to help the Hawks tie the series at 2–2 with a 111–101 win. The Hawks went on to lose the series in six games. On June 20, 2017, the Hawks traded Howard, along with the 31st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Marco Belinelli, Miles

and league records during his time with the Magic, and in 2009, he led the team to the NBA Finals. In 2012, after eight seasons with Orlando, Howard was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers. After one season with the Lakers, he joined the Houston Rockets, where he spent three seasons. One-season stints followed with the Atlanta Hawks and Charlotte Hornets before he joined the Wizards in July 2018. Howard was born in Atlanta, to Dwight Sr. and Sheryl Howard, and into a family with strong athletic connections. His father is a Georgia State Trooper and serves as Athletic Director

became the first NBA player with a 30-point, 30-rebound game since Kevin Love in November 2010, and the first player with a 30–30 game against the Nets since Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in February 1978. Howard finished the season with a franchise-record 53 double-doubles and joined Abdul-Jabbar and Wilt Chamberlain as the only players to hold single-season records with two teams. Howard also became one of six players to average a double-double in each of his first 13 seasons in the league. On July 6, 2018, Howard was traded to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Timofey Mozgov, the draft rights to

11 rebounds in a 123–116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. The Hawks started the season 9–2 before dropping 10 of the next 11 games. They snapped a seven-game losing streak on December 7 with a 103–95 win over the Miami Heat, behind Howard's 23 points and 17 rebounds. On December 17, he had a season-best 23 rebounds in a 107–99 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. On February 2, 2017, he scored 24 points and grabbed 23 rebounds in his first game in Houston since signing with Atlanta in the offseason, leading the Hawks to a 113–108 victory over the

to the Houston Rockets. On December 29, he recorded a season-high 29 points, 12 rebounds and seven assists in a 111–100 win over the Golden State Warriors. On January 24, in his 1,000th career game, Howard had 22 points and 16 rebounds in a 101–96 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. Three days later, he recorded 20 points and 16 rebounds in a 95–91 loss to the Miami Heat. He also blocked four shots, the last of those giving him 2,000 in his career. On February 4, in a 115–110 win over the Phoenix Suns, Howard recorded 18 points and

who made the first spanish landing on the mainland of north america

"Spanish assault on French Florida"
the first permanent European settlement in what is now the continental United States. By the doctrine of ""uti possidetis de facto"", or ""effective occupation"", they legitimized their claim to Florida, stretching from the Panuco River on the Gulf of Mexico up the Atlantic coast to Chesapeake Bay, leaving England and France to establish their own colonies in regions farther north. Jean Ribault founded his colony at Port Royal in 1562, having previously come upon the St. Johns, which he called ""la Rivière de Mai"" (the River of May), because he saw it on the first of that month. Two years

"Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico"
Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico began in the early 1500s shortly after the formation of the Spanish state in 1493 (continuing until 1898 as a colony of Spain) and continues to the present day. On 25 September 1493, Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships and 1,200–1,500 men from Cádiz, Spain. On 19 November 1493 he landed on the island, naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist. There are two recognized Spanish immigration waves to Puerto Rico: the first arrived during the colonial period, and the

"Spanish colonization of the Americas"
Spanish colonization of the Americas The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish ""conquistadors"". The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and continuing control of vast territory for over three centuries,

"Landing of the first Filipinos"
Landing of the first Filipinos On 18 October 1587, the first Filipinos landed onto what is now the Continental United States in Morro Bay. They arrived aboard the ""Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza"", which had sailed from Macao, as part of the Manila galleon trade. During about three days of travels ashore around Morro Bay, the crew of the ""Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza"" came in contact with the Chumash people, ultimately resulting in the deaths of two crew members: one Spaniard and one Filipino. Departing Morro Bay after the deaths of the crew members, the ""Nuestra Señora de Buena

indigenous Taino people, the town of Isabella was begun in 1493, on his second voyage. In 1496 his brother, Bartholomew, founded Santo Domingo. By 1500, despite a high death rate, there were between 300 and 1000 Spanish settled in the area. The local Taíno people continued to resist, refusing to plant crops and abandoning their Spanish-occupied villages. The first mainland explorations were followed by a phase of inland expeditions and conquest. In 1500 the city of Nueva Cádiz was founded on the island of Cubagua, Venezuela, followed by the founding of Santa Cruz by Alonso de Ojeda in present-day Guajira

sailing West. The funding came from the queen of Castile, so the profits from Spanish expedition flowed to Castile. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy. Columbus made four voyages to the West Indies as the monarchs granted Columbus the governorship of the new territories, and financed more of his trans-Atlantic journeys. He founded La Navidad on the island later named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), in what is the present-day Haiti on his first voyage. After its destruction by the

dramatic collapse (200,000 to 25,000) occurring in the US period (1846–1910). Spanish colonization of the Americas The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish ""conquistadors"". The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the

the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America (including present day Mexico, Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal regions of the United States). It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century, and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty. In contrast, the outcome for indigenous populations was much

peninsula. Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas, in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastian de Uraba in 1509 but abandoned it within the year. There is indirect evidence that the first permanent Spanish mainland settlement established in the Americas was Santa María la Antigua del Darién. The Spanish conquest of Mexico is generally understood to be the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21)

quick, from 1519 to 1521, and aided by his Tlaxcala and other allies from indigenous city-states or altepetl. These polities allied against the Aztec empire, to which they paid tribute following conquest or threat of conquest, leaving the city-states' political hierarchy and social structure in place. The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was a much longer campaign, from 1551 to 1697, against the Maya peoples in the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico and northern Central America. Hernán Cortés' landing ashore at present day Veracruz and founding the Spanish city there on April 22, 1519 marked the beginning of 300 years of

Balamory
be most helpful in solving the problem. The main character then proceeds to visit several other characters until the problem is solved. Miss Hoolie and the main character provide a summary of the story at each point, and a final recap at the end of the episode. For example, in one episode Josie Jump has been asked to look after a neighbour's rabbit, but does not know what it needs. She is advised to visit PC Plum, who advises her to feed it vegetables. She then goes to the shop run by Pocket and Sweet to buy rabbit food, and

Balamory
a crime free village. He spends most of his time watching wildlife and using his detective skills, to figure out what the animals have been doing. He is also particularly interested in rules, regulations, and safety. Spencer is officially responsible for painting the coloured houses of Balamory, but also paints pictures and creates music. His painter's ladder is musical, each rung sounding a different note. Spencer is also the only American to reside in Balamory Suzie Sweet and Penny Pocket together run the village shop and cafe. Suzie Sweet is an older, grandmotherly figure who loves to tell customers about

Balamory
wears blue) and PC Plum (who lives in the white house but wears a police uniform). Each character also has one or more individual songs. The nursery teacher Miss Hoolie is the framing character and narrator for each episode. She introduces the programme and the problem which needs to be solved and summarises the story at the end of the episode. Archie the Inventor builds zany creations from household objects, such as boxes, bottles, yoghurt pots, string, and similar items that young children might typically use in craft projects. His inventions are intended to be useful, but sometimes backfire. Josie

Balamory
the items in the shop. Penny Pocket is a young woman who uses a wheelchair; she has a talent for mathematics. A typical episode follows this general plan: The opening credits show the town of ""Balamory"" with its brightly coloured houses. Miss Hoolie opens the nursery school, greets the nursery children, and talks about that day's weather. One of the other characters (who will be the main character of that episode) tells Miss Hoolie about a problem. This character then sings ""Which Coloured House Are We Going To?"", asking the young viewers to guess which of the Balamory characters will

Balamory
episodes was shown for two brief seasons in the United States on the Discovery Kids channel. It was also shown on TLC. In Ireland, episodes were shown until recently on weekdays on RTÉ Two's ""The Den"" and continue to be shown on ""The Den""'s replacement, ""RTÉjr"". There are eight central characters in ""Balamory"". Each character wears a distinctive colour of clothing like pink or yellow, and lives in a house of the same colour. For example, Archie lives in a pink castle and wears a pink jumper. Exceptions are Penny Pocket (who shares the red house/shop with Suzie Sweet, and

"The Mute's House"
which has been deserted by its Palestinian owners, is called “The Mute's House"" by the Israeli soldiers stationed there and by the tour guides who pass by. The building's only occupants are a deaf woman, Sahar, and her eight-year-old son, Yousef. The family's unique story, which unfolds against the backdrop of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, is told through the eyes of the young and charismatic Yousef, as he goes through his daily routine in both the Jewish and Muslim areas of a city torn apart by hatred and violence. The film premiered in November 2015 at IDFA, and has participated in

"Ernest Hemingway House"
the house, stated in a 1994 interview in ""The Miami Herald""'s ""Tropic"" that his father had peacocks in Key West and that he owned cats in Cuba. However, a photo on display at the Hemingway Home in Key West shows Patrick and his younger brother, Gregory, in front of the Cuban water jar near the swimming pool, and Gregory is holding a white cat named Snow White. In addition to the photo showing Patrick and Gregory with Snow White, Hemingway's wife, Pauline, wrote the following in a January 22, 1937, letter to Hemingway (who was staying at the Barclay's Hotel

"Bălan"
The temperate continental climate has an average temperature of 7˚C, falling to -10˚C in winter. There are 1300-1400 sunny hours per year. Wind gusts are rare due to the surrounding mountains and forests. Most of the forests around Bălan are spruce forests, but there are also fir, larch and maple forests. There are some flowers species in the area like edelweiss and sweet pea which are protected by law. In the forests there are some edible mushrooms species and fruits like blueberries, raspberries and cranberries. According to the census from 2011 it had a population of 5,864 of which 3,625

"DeBary Hall"
a steamboat company for trade up the St. John’s River to Jacksonville. The DeBarys used the hall as their family winter retreat until 1941, when the last American DeBary, Leonie deBary Lyon Brewster, died suddenly without an heir. The area attracted many guests, and those that stayed at DeBary Hall required a personal invitation. Several additions and renovations were made to the house to accommodate the numerous guests. The additions included a second dining room, a wrap-around porch, two extra bathrooms, and three extra guest bedrooms. The Florida springs, hunting, and warm climate appealed to people across the nation and

"Summerland Key"
and Hermitage still stands today. Hudgins was only able to enjoy his creation for a few years; he died in 1962. Lasting legacies to Hudgins include his airstrip off West Shore Drive, Henry Street (named for him), Dobie Street (named for his second wife), and Hermitage — Hudgins's dream home on Niles channel. Summerland Key was also home to singer-songwriter Fred Neil, composer of ""The Dolphins"" and ""Everybody's Talkin'."" Neil died here in July 2001. Summerland Key Summerland Key is an island in the lower Florida Keys approximately 20 miles east of Key West; it contains an unincorporated community of

11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017. Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and ended on December 21, 2017. The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015. The network has since aired all five seasons. The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017. When Calls the Heart When Calls the Heart is a Canadian-American television drama

"Cries from the Heart"
kid."" to which Terry humorously replies, ""Wonder where he got that."" Terry then says, ""We have a long way to go with him."" to which Karen replies, ""We'll go together. We're a good team."" The film was initially scheduled to air on September 25, 1994. However, CBS feared low ratings because another made-for-TV film, Kelsey Grammer's ""The Innocent"", premiered the same night. It was pushed back three weeks. Upon its release, the film was criticized for its portrayal of an autistic child, but young Bradley Pierce received praise from all critics. During the late 1990s and 2000s, the film was

Where the Heart Is (US TV series) Where the Heart Is is an American soap opera telecast on the CBS television network from September 8, 1969 to March 23, 1973. Created by Lou Scofield and Margaret DePriest, the program ran for 25 minutes, the remaining five minutes of its timeslot ceded to a CBS news break. Scofield and DePriest were the original head writers. A year after the soap's premiere, they were succeeded by Pat Falken Smith. In 1972, Smith was replaced by Claire Labine and Paul Avila Mayer. The series was produced by Tom Donovan and directed by Richard

"Call for Help"
the same networks. ""The Lab"" was canceled about one year later due to low viewer ratings and the final episode aired in August 2008. Broadcast live from San Francisco, California, the show premiered on May 11, 1998 with Leo Laporte as host. The show's very first caller (by accident) was Laporte's mother. He functioned as a technical advisor to viewers experiencing difficulties with their personal computers (or ""personal confusers"", as Laporte jocularly referred to them). Such individuals were encouraged to contact the show via e-mail, telephone or webcam, with telephone/webcam users serving as on-air participants. Laporte also welcomed in-studio guests

"25 or 6 to 4"
first songs he taught himself to play on the guitar, using one string. 25 or 6 to 4 “25 or 6 to 4” is a song written by American musician Robert Lamm, one of the founding members of the band Chicago. It was recorded in 1969 for their second album ""Chicago"", with Peter Cetera on lead vocals. The album was released in January 1970 and the song was edited and released as a single in June, climbing to number 4 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. It was the band's first

to be a staple in Chicago's live concert set list and in Peter Cetera's solo concert set list. In 2016, former drummer Danny Seraphine reunited on stage with Chicago to perform ""25 or 6 to 4"" and two other songs at their induction ceremony for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. According to composer Robert Lamm, the song is about trying to write a song in the middle of the night. The song's title is the time at which the song is set: 25 or 26 minutes before 4 AM. Because of the unique phrasing of the song's title,

25 or 6 to 4 “25 or 6 to 4” is a song written by American musician Robert Lamm, one of the founding members of the band Chicago. It was recorded in 1969 for their second album ""Chicago"", with Peter Cetera on lead vocals. The album was released in January 1970 and the song was edited and released as a single in June, climbing to number 4 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. It was the band's first song to reach the top five in the US. In concurrence with the

title, the song moved from number 6 to number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of September 12, 1970. It has been included in numerous Chicago compilation albums. An updated version of ""25 or 6 to 4"" was recorded for the 1986 album ""Chicago 18"" with James Pankow listed as co-writer, and new band member Jason Scheff on lead vocals. The single reached number 48 on the US chart. This version was also used as the B-side for the band's next single in 1986 ""Will You Still Love Me?"" Through the 2010s, ""25 or 6 to 4"" continued

in 2011. For the results night performance of the finale of the ninth season of ""American Idol"", Lee DeWyze performed ""25 or 6 to 4"" with Chicago. In 2005, Jonathan Coulton made ""When I'm 25 or 64"", a mashup of ""25 or 6 to 4"" with ""When I'm Sixty-Four"" by The Beatles. Jason Newsted, former bassist of Metallica, says that this song has the first rock or metal riff he ever learned to play. Paul Gilbert, former guitarist of Racer X and Mr. Big, says that a ""really primitive version"" of ""25 or 6 to 4"" was one of the

earlier. He labels ""Brain Stew"", released in 1996, as ""derivative"" by comparison to ""25 or 6 to 4"". The music video for the 1986 remake won an American Video Award, in the category ""Best Cinematography,"" for Bobby Byrnes. The song has been covered by various artists, including Leonid & Friends, Straitjacket, Local H, Intruder, Bruce Foxton, The Moog Cookbook, Earth, Wind & Fire, Paul Gilbert, Pacifika, former Mötley Crüe lead singer Vince Neil, Umphrey's McGee, Nick Ingman, and as an instrumental on the Dave Koz collaboration album Summer Horns. Constantine Maroulis released his version of the song as a single

Chicago guitarist Terry Kath, and a lead vocal line in Aeolian mode. The song's opening guitar riff has been compared to chord progressions and riffs in other songs. In the opinion of writer Melissa Locker: LA Weekly's music editor, Andy Hermann, names it ""The Riff"" and describes it as follows:Hermann details the riff's similarity to the chord progression in Led Zeppelin's song, ""Babe I'm Gonna Leave You"", which came out a year before ""25 or 6 to 4"", and the similarity of that chord progression to one in George Harrison's song, ""While My Guitar Gently Weeps"", which came out even

"25 Years On"
had self-imploded on a USA tour earlier in the year leaving only Robert Calvert, Dave Brock and Simon King to embark on this project. They were joined by Harvey Bainbridge who had played bass in Devon group Ark who in turn had performed with Calvert and Brock as the Sonic Assassins, and by keyboardist Steve Swindells who had been in Pilot. During the Devon recording session King returned home to London and was replaced by Martin Griffin (also from Ark), but King subsequently returned giving the band two drummers. Simon House had left the earlier band to join David Bowie

"Daniel Joseph Schafer"
Daniel Joseph Schafer Daniel Joseph Schafer (born October 5, 1952) is an American pop, country music and Christian singer, guitarist, songwriter, and actor. He was a recording artist for RCA Records and moved from playing guitar in the studio to songwriting and touring with national country music artists. Schafer was born in Mount Pleasant, Michigan and began performing as a child on local radio shows and performing jamborees. He learned to play guitar at age 9 and, together with his parents, performed as area dance clubs, such as Palmer's Idle Hour Bar in Weidman, Michigan. While in high school, he

"John Locke (musician)"
John Locke (musician) John Tilden Locke (September 25, 1943 – August 4, 2006) was an American rock keyboardist and a member of the rock group Spirit. Locke was also a member of the band Nazareth in the early 1980s. Locke was born in Los Angeles, California. His father was a classical violinist and his mother sang operas and was a composer. In 1967 he formed the Red Roosters with the guitarist Randy California. A year later they had changed the name to Spirit and signed record deal for four albums. He remained involved with the band during most of his

orbiting the nucleus in 1913 and eventually leading to quantum mechanics by the mid-1920s. Concurrent with the work of Rutherford, Geiger, and Marsden, the radiochemist Frederick Soddy at the University of Glasgow was studying radioactive decay chains of uranium. Soddy had been a student of Rutherford. Soddy's study indicated about 40 different radioactive elements, referred to as ""radioelements"", between uranium and lead, although the periodic table only allowed for 11 elements. By 1913 Soddy had determined that several of these elements had identical chemical properties but different atomic weights. He called these chemically similar elements isotopes. For his study of

Discovery of the neutron The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model for the atom, based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this model, atoms had their mass and positive electric charge concentrated in a very small nucleus. By 1920 chemical isotopes had been discovered, the atomic masses had been determined to be integer multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom, and the atomic

Sweden. The decisive experiment on 16–17 December 1938 (using a chemical process called ""radium–barium–mesothorium fractionation"") produced puzzling results: what they had understood to be three isotopes of radium were instead consistently behaving as barium. Radium (atomic number 88) and barium (atomic number 56) are in the same chemical group. By January 1939 Hahn had concluded that what they had thought were transuranic nuclides were instead much lighter nuclides, such as barium, lanthanum, cerium and light platinoids. Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch immediately and correctly interpreted these observations as resulting from nuclear fission, a term coined by Frisch. Hahn and

table, the Bohr model for the atom, and Rutherford's model for alpha scattering from nuclei. It was cited by Rutherford, Bohr, and others as a critical advance in understanding the nature of the atomic nucleus. Further research in atomic physics was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. Moseley was killed in 1915 at the Battle of Gallipoli, while Rutherford's student James Chadwick was interned in Germany for the duration of the war, 1914-1918. In Berlin, Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn's work on determining the radioactive decay chains of radium and uranium by precise chemical separation was interrupted. Meitner

the electromagnetic emission spectra of heavier elements such as cobalt and nickel would follow their ordering by weight, or by their position in the periodic table. In 1913-1914 Moseley tested the question experimentally by using x-ray diffraction techniques. He found that the most intense short-wavelength line in the x-ray spectrum of a particular element, known as the K-alpha line, was related to the element's position in the periodic table, that is, its atomic number, ""Z"". Indeed, Moseley introduced this nomenclature. Moseley found that the frequencies of the radiation were related in a simple way to the atomic number of the

radioactivity and the discovery of isotopes, Soddy was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Building from work by J. J. Thomson on the deflection of positively charged atoms by electric and magnetic fields, Francis Aston built the first mass spectrograph at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1919. His aim was to try to separate the two isotopes of neon, which he was able to easily do. Aston discovered that the masses of all the particles are whole numbers, called the whole number rule, that is, the masses of all the isotopes are whole number multiples of the mass of the

James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was a British physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics. Chadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied

elements for a large number of elements. Within a year it was noted that the equation for the relation, now called Moseley's law, could be explained in terms of the 1913 Bohr model, with reasonable extra assumptions about atomic structure in other elements. Moseley's result, by Bohr's later account, not only established atomic number as a measurable experimental quantity, but gave it a physical meaning as the positive charge on the atomic nucleus. The elements could be ordered in the periodic system in order of atomic number, rather than atomic weight. The result tied together the organization of the periodic

"Zak Waters"
features an appearance from singer Betty Who. He released another single, entitled ""New Fire"", featuring American singer MarcLo, on July 27, 2018. On August 27, Waters revealed he would be releasing a new EP in 2018. Waters had recording sessions with Betty Who, Scott Hoying, and Rozzi Crane throughout the summer of 2018, resulting in the single ""Lose Us"" by Rozzi featuring Scott Hoying, released on October 12, 2018, which was produced and co-written by Waters. Pretty Sister announced its debut EP, ""Z-Funk Era, Vol. 1"", set to be released on November 2, 2018. Zak Waters has been noted for

"Zaz (singer)"
charity ensemble. Zaz created the project Zazimut to ""develop and promote projects for a society more respectful of life in all its forms"". Zaz (singer) Isabelle Geffroy (born 1 May 1980 in Tours, France), better known by the nickname Zaz, is a French singer-songwriter who mixes jazzy styles, French variety, soul and acoustic. She is famous for her hit ""Je veux"", from her first album, ""Zaz"", released on 10 May 2010. Her mother was a Spanish teacher, and her father worked for an electric company. In 1985, she entered the Conservatoire de Tours with her sister and her brother, attending

Zaz (singer) Isabelle Geffroy (born 1 May 1980 in Tours, France), better known by the nickname Zaz, is a French singer-songwriter who mixes jazzy styles, French variety, soul and acoustic. She is famous for her hit ""Je veux"", from her first album, ""Zaz"", released on 10 May 2010. Her mother was a Spanish teacher, and her father worked for an electric company. In 1985, she entered the Conservatoire de Tours with her sister and her brother, attending courses from the ages of 7 to 11. She studied music theory, specifically the violin, piano, guitar, and choral singing. In 1994, she

"Zeze (song)"
Zeze (song) ""Zeze"" is a song by American rapper Kodak Black featuring Travis Scott and Offset. It was released by Atlantic Records on October 12, 2018. The song was produced by D. A. Doman. The song debuted at number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 behind ""Girls Like You"" by Maroon 5 featuring Cardi B and at number one in Canada. On August 18, 2018, Kodak Black was released from prison after having been arrested on multiple charges in January 2018. Only three weeks later, he was spotted in a recording studio with American rapper Travis Scott. The footage

was released on October 27, 2017. On October 27, 2017, a new song titled ""Feelin Good"", which samples the 1981 single ""Never Too Much"" by American singer Luther Vandross, was released for free on Soundcloud. He toured as support on Betty Who's Party in the Valley Tour from February 24 to March 31, 2018 and on SUP3RFRUIT's Future Friends tour from May 23 to June 13, 2018. Waters produced Betty Who's single ""Taste"", which was released on May 18, 2018. Pretty Sister released the single ""Ten$ion"", featuring American rapper White Gold, on June 1, 2018. The music video for ""Ten$ion""

"Mademoiselle Zazie"
Mademoiselle Zazie Mademoiselle Zazie (also known as Miss Zazie) is a French animated children's television series produced by Cyber Group Studios and Scrawl Studios. The series is about 7-year-old best friends Zazie and Max, who live by the seaside with the others and have fun together. The series debuted on France 5's Zouzous block on August 24, 2013. It also aired on France 4 and TV5Monde in France, and TFO and Yoopa in Canada. In the United States, the English dub of ""Mademoiselle Zazie"" premiered on Kabillion's Kabillion Girls Rule! on March 15, 2015. Females Males In total, 78 episodes

have been produced and broadcast. Mademoiselle Zazie Mademoiselle Zazie (also known as Miss Zazie) is a French animated children's television series produced by Cyber Group Studios and Scrawl Studios. The series is about 7-year-old best friends Zazie and Max, who live by the seaside with the others and have fun together. The series debuted on France 5's Zouzous block on August 24, 2013. It also aired on France 4 and TV5Monde in France, and TFO and Yoopa in Canada. In the United States, the English dub of ""Mademoiselle Zazie"" premiered on Kabillion's Kabillion Girls Rule! on March 15, 2015. Females

"Zak Ramsey"
spoken out about his delight that his character finally having a girlfriend after four years in the series and the fact that with Michaela, plenty of trouble comes with her for their, then budding romance. Zak first shared a student flat with Zara Morgan, Lisa Hunter, Steph Dean, Cameron Clark and Bella Manning. His storylines mainly revolved around the other students and he later left the college. After being off camera for over a year, he returned in September 2006, the student flat now occupied by Jessica Harris (Jennifer Biddall), Joe Spencer, Olivia Johnson, and new arrivals Will Hackett, Zoë

"Phat Girlz"
to be comfortable in a relationship with Tunde, breaks up with him and leaves Palm Springs, along with Stacey and Mia. At home, she is depressed, ignoring phone calls, comforting herself with food and television before having a breakthrough and realizing she is beautiful and worthy of being loved. Bursting with new confidence, Jazmin approaches the head buyer of the Bloomfields where she works and shows him her designs. Impressed he helps develop Jazmin's fashion line ""Thick Madame"" becomes popular and is launched worldwide. One year later, she travels to Nigeria to apologize to the man she realizes she loves.

"Zak Storm"
Zak Storm Zak Storm (also known as Zak Storm: Super Pirate) is a computer animated children's television series produced by Zagtoon, Method Animation, De Agostini Editore, SAMG Animation, MNC Animation, and Man of Action. It debuted on Canal J in France on 2 December 2016. It debuted in the United States on KidsClick from 30 September 2017 to 7 January 2018, followed by Discovery Family on 14 October 2017. A second season is planned to be released in 2018. When teenager Zak Storm takes his father's necklace and goes surfing, he is suddenly sucked by a giant wave and ends

"Jack Lord"
Jack Lord John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor, director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program ""Hawaii Five-O"", which ran from 1968 to 1980. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents. His father, William Lawrence Ryan, was a steamship company executive. He grew up in Morris Park (now known as Richmond Hill), Queens, New York. As a child, Lord developed his equestrian skills on

The nonprofit Jack Lord Memorial Fund, which raised the money for the memorial, was co-chaired by British ""Hawaii Five-O"" fan Esperanza Isaac and Lord's co-star Doug Mossman. Jack Lord John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor, director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program ""Hawaii Five-O"", which ran from 1968 to 1980. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents. His father, William Lawrence Ryan, was

"Robert Brown (American actor)"
known to have done any on-camera work since that time. According to TV producer Perry Lafferty, Brown was initially cast to play Steve McGarrett in the original ""Hawaii Five-O"", but was replaced at the last minute by Jack Lord when producer Leonard Freeman decided Brown wasn't right for the role. Brown has done voiceover work for radio and television. He is also a writer working on short stories and a novel. Robert Brown (American actor) Robert Brown (born Robin Adair MacKenzie Brown; November 17, 1926) is a television actor who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s. Brown was

"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)"
Man"". Freeman offered Richard Boone the part of McGarrett, but Boone turned it down; Gregory Peck and Robert Brown were also considered. Ultimately, Jack Lord – then living in Beverly Hills – was asked at the last moment. Lord read for the part on a Wednesday, was cast, and flew to Hawaii two days later. On the following Monday, Lord was in front of the cameras. Freeman and Lord had worked together previously on an unsold TV pilot called ""Grand Hotel"". Tim O'Kelly originated the role of Danny Williams in the pilot episode, ""Cocoon."" Test audiences apparently weren't positive on

"Douglas Mossman"
Douglas Mossman Douglas Mossman, also credited as Doug Mossman, is an American actor known for his recurring role as Detective Frank Kamana on the original ""Hawaii Five-O"" from 1974 to 1976. In addition to playing the role of Kamana, Mossman played twelve additional characters during the series 12 year run. He also had roles on ""Hawaiian Eye"" and other productions shot in Hawaii. Mossman is of Hawaiian ancestry and is an alum of Kamehameha Schools and a 1958 graduate of the Pasadena Playhouse College of Theater Arts. ""Hawaiian Eye"" gave him his first TV role as Moke, a security guard.

"Alex O'Loughlin"
Alex O'Loughlin Alex O'Loughlin (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor, writer and director, who plays Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett on CBS' remake of the TV series ""Hawaii Five-0"". He had starring roles in the films ""Oyster Farmer"" (2004) and ""The Back-up Plan"" (2010), as well as on such television series as ""Moonlight"" (2008) and ""Three Rivers"" (2009). O'Loughlin was born on 24 August 1976, in Canberra, Australia, of Irish and Scottish descent. His father is a physics and astronomy teacher in Sydney and his mother is a nurse. O'Loughlin suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder when he was a child.

"James MacArthur"
James MacArthur James Gordon MacArthur (December 8, 1937 – October 28, 2010) was an American actor best known for the role of Danny ""Danno"" Williams, the reliable second-in-command of the fictional Hawaiian State Police squad in the long-running television series ""Hawaii Five-O"". Born in Los Angeles, MacArthur was the adopted son of playwright Charles MacArthur, and his wife, actress Helen Hayes. He grew up in Nyack, New York, along with the MacArthurs' biological daughter, Mary. He was educated at Allen-Stevenson School in New York, and later at the Solebury School in New Hope, Pennsylvania, where he starred in basketball, football

"Steve McGarrett"
Steve McGarrett Steve McGarrett is a fictional character who is the protagonist of CBS' ""Hawaii Five-O"". McGarrett is a former United States Navy officer and the leader of a special state police task force, which is called Five-O. McGarrett was originally portrayed by Jack Lord between 1968 and 1980, and later by Alex O'Loughlin in the series' remake in 2010. McGarrett is partner to Detective Danny ""Danno"" Williams. In the original show, Steve McGarrett was portrayed by Jack Lord from 1968 to 1980. McGarrett was a former United States Navy officer and Detective Captain in the Honolulu Police Department who

"Phillip Reed"
Phillip Reed Phillip Reed (March 25, 1908 – December 7, 1996) was an American actor. He was perhaps best known for his role as Steve Wilson in a series of four films (1947–1948) based on the Big Town radio series. Reed was a star athlete at Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn and attended college for one year before going into acting. Born Milton LeRoy, his name was changed after he went to Hollywood. Billed as Milton Leroy, Reed appeared in two Broadway plays: ""Melody"" and ""Ballyhoo of 1932"". Reed played Russ Barrington in the soap opera ""Society Girl"" on

Honolulu Star-Bulletin also reported that Mossman was looking for a sculptor and space to create a statue of ""Hawaii Five-O""’s leading man Jack Lord in addition to developing a performing arts center in Mililani Mauka. He also appeared in the rebooted ""Hawaii Five-0"" in 2011, playing the role of Kimo Halama in the season two episode ""Ki’ilua"". Douglas Mossman Douglas Mossman, also credited as Doug Mossman, is an American actor known for his recurring role as Detective Frank Kamana on the original ""Hawaii Five-O"" from 1974 to 1976. In addition to playing the role of Kamana, Mossman played twelve additional

Florida State, Sanders hit .331 in 1986; he was known more for base stealing, compiling 27 stolen bases in 1987. Sanders once played the first game of a baseball doubleheader, ran a leg of a 4 × 100 relay, then returned to play another baseball game. Sanders played a nine-year, part-time baseball career, playing left and center field in 641 games with four teams. He was originally drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the sixth round of the 1985 draft, but did not sign with them. The New York Yankees selected Sanders in the 30th round of the 1988

Major League Baseball draft, and he signed with the team on June 22. He opened the 1989 season with the Albany-Colonie Yankees of the Class AA Eastern League. Though Sanders planned to leave the Yankees in July to attend NFL training camp, he became embroiled in a contract dispute with the Falcons, and used the Yankees as leverage. He received a promotion to the major leagues, and spent the summer with the Columbus Clippers of the Class AAA International League. Sanders made his major league baseball debut on May 31, 1989. Sanders made the Yankees' Opening Day roster for the

In September 1990, the Yankees placed Sanders on waivers with the intention of giving him his release, as Yankees' general manager Gene Michael said that Sanders' football career was stunting his baseball development. Sanders later signed with the Atlanta Braves for the 1991 MLB season. On July 31, Sanders hit a key three-run homer to spark a comeback win against the Pittsburgh Pirates during the Braves' run to the National League West Division title. However, he had to leave the Braves the very next day to report to the Atlanta Falcons because of a clause in his NFL contract and

with a leaping effort. Pendleton passed Sanders on the bases for the second out, but umpire Bob Davidson called Sanders safe after he scampered back to second base. Replays showed that Toronto third baseman Kelly Gruber tagged him on the heel before he returned to second. In 1997, Sanders finished second in the NL with 56 stolen bases in 115 games while with the Cincinnati Reds before leaving baseball for three years. Sanders returned to the Reds in 2001, but was released after playing in only 29 games and batting just .173. Following his release from the Reds, he signed

a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays triple-A affiliate, Syracuse Chiefs. Sanders was hitting .252 for Syracuse before the Washington Redskins found a loophole in his contract which compelled him to return to the Redskins. Sanders' football contract had been negotiated to allow for him to play both baseball and football, but the terms of the contract stated that Sanders could miss NFL training camp and the first few games of the season only if he were playing Major League Baseball. Since he was not then on an MLB roster, Sanders had to leave Syracuse and return to

"Ray Sanders"
Ray Sanders Raymond Floyd Sanders (December 4, 1916 – October 28, 1983) was a professional baseball player. Primarily a first baseman, he played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball between 1942 and 1949. Sanders was born in Bonne Terre, Missouri. Sanders was originally signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1938. From 1939 to 1941 he was named to his league's all-star team as either a starter or honorable mention each year. Following the 1941 season, Cardinals general manager Branch Rickey traded future Hall of Fame first baseman Johnny Mize to the New York Giants, opening

"Anthony Sanders"
manager of the Grand Junction Rockies of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, and was named the circuit's 2014 manager of the year. , or Retrosheet, or Olympic Sports Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minor, Mexican, Japanese and Independent Leagues), or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League) <br> Anthony Sanders Anthony Marcus Sanders (born March 2, 1974) is a former outfielder in Major League Baseball. Sanders spent parts of three seasons in the majors with the Toronto Blue Jays and Seattle Mariners, along with part of the 2001 season with the Yokohama BayStars in Japan. As a member of the United States national baseball

(which fell in Week 2 of that NFL season), Sanders signed a lucrative contract with the Dallas Cowboys (seven years, $35 million with a $12.999 million signing bonus, because owner Jerry Jones was superstitious of the number 13), essentially making him, at the time, the highest-paid defensive player in the NFL. Sanders later stated in his book ""Power, Money & Sex: How Success Almost Ruined My Life"" that the Oakland Raiders offered him more money than any other team, but he chose to play in Dallas for more time on the offensive side of the ball, a chance to win

appearance at the popular beach resort. The original production was directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell with set and costume designs by Bob Crowley, and opened at the Adelphi Theatre in the West End on 9 March 2010. Though it ran for over 17 months and closed on 27 August 2011, the production received mixed reviews. A scheduled Broadway opening in November 2010 was postponed until Spring 2011 and later cancelled. A revamped Australian production, starring Ben Lewis and Anna O'Byrne, opened 21 May 2011 at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne to more favourable notices. After the

where it became the first Broadway musical in history to surpass 10,000 performances on 11 February 2012. On 26 January 2013, the production celebrated its 25th anniversary with its 10,400th performance. It is, by over 3,500 performances, the longest-running show in Broadway history. By November 2016, ""Phantom"" had been staged over 12,000 times over 28 years. The 30th anniversary was on January 26, 2018- the first Broadway musical to reach this milestone- with the celebration on the 24th, special events all week long and a renunion with the original cast during the curtain call. Critical reviews were mostly positive on

"The Beggar's Opera"
the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre on 29 January 1728 and ran for 62 consecutive performances, the second longest run in theatre history up to that time (after 146 performances of Robert Cambert's ""Pomone"" in Paris in 1671). The work became Gay's greatest success and has been played ever since; it has been called ""the most popular play of the eighteenth century."" In 1920, ""The Beggar's Opera"" began an astonishing revival run of 1,463 performances at the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith, London, which was one of the longest runs in history for any piece of musical theatre at that time. The

"Royal Opera House"
Royal (designed by Edward Shepherd) at the site of an ancient convent garden, part of which had been developed by Inigo Jones in the 1630s with a piazza and church. In addition, a Royal Charter had created a fruit and vegetable market in the area, a market which survived in that location until 1974. At its opening on 7 December 1732, Rich was carried by his actors in processional triumph into the theatre for its opening production of William Congreve's ""The Way of the World"". During the first hundred years or so of its history, the theatre was primarily a

"The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)"
being hunted by a mob and then being thrown into the Seine River, remained. Much of the cut Julian material was edited back into the picture, though some important scenes and characters were not restored. This version, containing material from the original 1924 shooting and some from the Sedgwick reworking, was then scheduled for release. It debuted on September 6, 1925, at the Astor Theatre in New York City. It premiered on October 17, 1925, in Hollywood, California. The score for the Astor opening was to be composed by Professor Gustav Hinrichs. However, Hinrichs' score was not prepared in time,

"Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)"
Electric Factory Concerts. The tour began in 1989, with musical arrangements and designs by the original Newcastle Playhouse team. It performed for a few years to packed houses all over America, travelling to approximately 110 cities, and grossing a total of $72 million. In 1991, ""Phantom of the Opera"" returned to the United Kingdom where it embarked on a national tour produced by Stewart Macpherson and then transferred to London’s West End. It opened at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 18 December 1991, with a similar cast to the 1984 production - Peter Straker was The Phantom and Christina Collier as

branch of science that deals with the structure of human body parts

Anatomy
Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging have all enabled examination of internal structures in unprecedented detail to a degree far beyond the imagination of earlier generations. Anatomy Anatomy (Greek anatomē, ""dissection"") is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is

Anatomy
Anatomy Anatomy (Greek anatomē, ""dissection"") is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study (respectively) the structure and function of organisms and their parts, make a natural pair of

Anatomy
parts. Anatomy is quite distinct from physiology and biochemistry, which deal respectively with the functions of those parts and the chemical processes involved. For example, an anatomist is concerned with the shape, size, position, structure, blood supply and innervation of an organ such as the liver; while a physiologist is interested in the production of bile, the role of the liver in nutrition and the regulation of bodily functions. The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be

Anatomy
organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Derived from the Greek ""anatomē"" ""dissection"" (from ""anatémnō"" ""I cut up, cut open"" from ἀνά ""aná"" ""up"", and τέμνω ""témnō"" ""I cut""), anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues. It includes the appearance and position of the various parts, the materials from which they are composed, their locations and their relationships with other

Anatomy
embryo, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Animal tissues can be grouped into four basic types: connective, epithelial, muscle and nervous tissue. Connective tissues are fibrous and made up of cells scattered among inorganic material called the extracellular matrix. Connective tissue gives shape to organs and holds them in place. The main types are loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage and bone. The extracellular matrix contains proteins, the chief and most abundant of which is collagen. Collagen plays a major part in organizing and maintaining tissues. The matrix can be modified to form a skeleton to support or

Anatomy
knowledge of anatomy is required by physicians, especially surgeons and doctors working in some diagnostic specialties, such as histopathology and radiology. Academic anatomists are usually employed by universities, medical schools or teaching hospitals. They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells. Invertebrates constitute a vast array of living organisms ranging from the simplest unicellular eukaryotes such as ""Paramecium"" to such complex multicellular animals as the octopus, lobster and dragonfly. They constitute about 95% of the animal species. By definition, none of these creatures has a backbone. The cells of single-cell protozoans have

"Human body"
writing the influential book ""De humani corporis fabrica"". Anatomy advanced further with the invention of the microscope and the study of the cellular structure of tissues and organs. Modern anatomy uses techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, fluoroscopy and ultrasound imaging to study the body in unprecedented detail. The study of human physiology began with Hippocrates in Ancient Greece, around 420 BC, and with Aristotle (384–322 BC) who applied critical thinking and emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Galen (c. 126–199) was the first to use experiments to probe the body's functions. The term physiology was

blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a

Human body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis,

to comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline. Human body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human

"Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
flag bearer. On February 24, 2018, short track speed skater Kim Boutin was named the flag bearer for the closing ceremony. Instead of setting a specific medal count as a target, the Canadian Olympic Committee aimed ""to contend for No. 1"" in the medal count. Private data analytics company Gracenote projected that the Canadian team would win 28 medals. Canada finished with 11 gold medals and 29 overall (ranking 3rd in both categories). This was the most successful Canadian performance in terms of overall medals, surpassing the 26 won at the 2010 Winter Olympics. For the first time since its

"Canada at the 2016 Summer Olympics"
handball), represented the country, a stark contrast from 2012 with an increase of 37 athletes. The team contained 98 coaches and 107 support staff (such as doctors and physiotherapists among others). Originally, 312 athletes were named to the team, however two male athletes were added in kayaking on July 29, 2016 following the suspension of Russian athletes, thus bringing the total to 314. Canada qualified five squads in team sports, matching the record high from 1984. Canada's official goal (set by Own the Podium) for these games were at least 19 medals of any colour (an improvement of one or

Canada at the Winter Olympics Canada (IOC country code CAN) has competed at every Winter Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal each time. By total medals, the country's best performance was in the 2018 Winter Olympic Games where Canadian athletes won 29 medals. Canada set a new record for most gold medals won by a country in a single Winter Olympics with 14 at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. This achievement surpassed the previous record of 13 gold medals held by the Soviet Union (1976) and Norway (2002). Both Germany and Norway matched the record

qualified 21 athletes (ten men and eleven women), however returned its only quota for the women's parallel giant slalom, meaning only 20 athletes were officially named to the team (ten per gender). Canada's slopestyle and big air team of seven athletes was named on January 9, 2018. Canada's halfpipe, snowboard cross and alpine team of thirteen athletes was named on January 25, 2018. On January 30, 2018 Canada received an additional spot in men's snowboard cross, allowing Éliot Grondin to compete as the fourth Canadian in this event. Canada earned the following quotas at the conclusion of the four World

air"" competition in snowboarding. That medal was Canada's 500th Olympic medal (not counting two medals (gold and silver) at the 1906 Olympic Games). Canada maintained its record for the most gold medals at a single Games—14 at Vancouver 2010—and now shares the honor with Norway and Germany, which equalled that mark at these Games. The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. Canada qualified a total of 15 male and female athletes for alpine skiing. However they declined one spot. On January 31, 2018 Alpine Canada announced that Erik Guay was not able

hockey was part of the Summer Olympic program for the 1920 games in Antwerp, but is listed here for completeness. As it was held at a Summer Games, it is not counted in the total for Canada's performance at the Winter games. Following the announcement on December 22, 2017 that the 2014 luge team relay results of the silver medallists Russian team were voided due to team members being banned for doping violations, Canada was expected to be upgraded from fourth to bronze. However, the bans and annulment of results were successfully appealed at the court of arbitration for sport,

Cup's used for qualification. Five athletes were pre-selected for the games after their results from the World Cup (Alex Boisvert-Lacroix, Ivanie Blondin, Ted-Jan Bloemen, Olivier Jean and Keri Morrison). The rest of the team will be named after the Canadian trials held in Calgary from January 4 to 9, 2018. The official team was named on January 10, 2018. The team consists of 19 athletes (10 men and 9 women), which is one less than the maximum the country could have sent to the games. Canada also did not nominate a third skater in the women's 500 and 1000 metres

medal in snowboarding when the sport made its Olympic debut at the 1998 Nagano games. Initially he was stripped of the medal when traces of marijuana were found in his blood during a drug test, but the IOC reversed its decision after an appeal a few days later because marijuana was only a restricted substance, not a banned substance. Canada at the Winter Olympics Canada (IOC country code CAN) has competed at every Winter Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal each time. By total medals, the country's best performance was in the 2018 Winter Olympic Games where

Pride House for the duration of the Olympics. Alex Gough won Canada's first ever permanent luge medal on February 13. She had been part of the 2014 luge relay team which briefly won a previous Olympic bronze due to a Russian doping disqualification, but that finding had been overturned on appeal. On February 23, Canada broke its record for most ever Winter Olympic medals, previously at 26, with figure skater Kaetlyn Osmond winning the 27th medal. A day before the closing ceremony, on February 24, Canada won its 28th medal when Sebastien Toutant took gold in the first ever ""big

"Cain and Abel (software)"
Cain and Abel (software) Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It can recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. Cryptanalysis attacks are done via rainbow tables which can be generated with the winrtgen.exe program provided with Cain and Abel. Cain and Abel is maintained by Massimiliano Montoro and Sean Babcock. Some virus scanners (and browsers, e.g. Chrome 20.0.1132.47) detect Cain and Abel as malware. Avast! detects it as ""Win32:Cain-B [Tool]""

and classifies it as ""Other potentially dangerous program"", while Microsoft Security Essentials detects it as ""Win32/Cain!4_9_14"" and classifies it as ""Tool: This program has potentially unwanted behavior."" Even if Cain's install directory, as well as the word ""Cain"", are added to Avast's exclude list, the real-time scanner has been known to stop Cain from functioning. However, the latest version of Avast no longer blocks Cain. Cain and Abel (software) Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It can recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various

"Fruit (software)"
the International Computer Games Association (ICGA) determined Rybka was plagiarized from Fruit and Crafty. The author of Rybka, Vasik Rajlich, refused to address the allegations against Rybka with the ICGA, instead preferring an ""ex post facto"" public interview conducted by Nelson Hernandez on July 4, 2011. Rajlich had previously said: ""I went through the Fruit 2.1 source code forwards and backwards and took many things."" On the tenth anniversary of the start of Fruit development in 2014, Fabien Letouzey released a completely new engine, Senpai, under the GPLv3. Senpai makes use of chess engine developments made in the intervening decade.

"Pangea Software"
Pangea Software Pangea Software is an Apple product game company based in Austin, Texas that is owned and operated by Brian Greenstone. Founded in 1987, the company began as a developer of Apple II games, with the first (and most notable) being ""Xenocide"". In 1991, they switched to Macintosh development; notable titles included ""Power Pete"", ""Nanosaur"", ""Bugdom"", ""Cro-Mag Rally"", and ""Otto Matic"". Since 2008, the company has mostly ceased developing Mac games and instead chosen to focus on iOS games, due to the latter being a more lucrative market. Pangea specializes in video games, the majority of which are 3D

Greenstone has also written ""The Ultimate Game Programming Guide"" (2004), a book about programming a 3D game engine for Mac OS X. Since 2006, Pangea has also provided a panoramic photography service, allowing customers to have a 360˚ view of an area that can be navigated and interacted with via a cursor. Pangea Software Pangea Software is an Apple product game company based in Austin, Texas that is owned and operated by Brian Greenstone. Founded in 1987, the company began as a developer of Apple II games, with the first (and most notable) being ""Xenocide"". In 1991, they switched to

"Digital Homicide Studios"
Digital Homicide Studios Digital Homicide Studios L.L.C. was an American video game developer based in Yuma, Arizona. It was founded on June 11, 2014 by brothers James and Robert Romine. The company has used multiple pseudonyms on their releases, including Imminent Uprising and ECC Games. Their first game, ""Forsaken Uprising"", was released into Steam Early Access on August 14, 2014, and fully released on December 3, 2014. In 2016, the company filed a lawsuit against video game critic Jim Sterling, who, in a YouTube video, sharply criticized their second game ""The Slaughtering Grounds"". Sterling was accused of ""assault, libel, and

Fruit (software) Fruit is a chess engine developed by Fabien Letouzey. In the SSDF rating list released on November 24, 2006, Fruit version 2.2.1 had a rating of 2842. In the CEGT rating list released on January 24, 2007, Fruit version 2.2.1 had a rating of 2776. At the World Computer Chess Championship in Reykjavík in 2005, Fruit 2.2 scored 8.5 out of 11, finishing in second place behind Zappa. Until Version 2.1 (""Peach""), Fruit was free and open-source software subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License and as such contributed much to the development in computer

AutoDock
Olson Laboratory. AutoDock consists of two main programs: AutoDock has an improved version, AutoDock Vina which has an improved local search routine and makes use of multicore/multi-CPU computer setups. Usage of AutoDock has contributed to the discovery of several drugs, including HIV1 integrase inhibitors. As an open source project, AutoDock has gained several third-party improved versions such as: Compiling the application in native 64-bit mode enables faster floating-point operation of the software. Using general programmable chips as co-processors, speedup was within the range 10x-100x the speed of standard Intel Dual Core 2 GHz CPU. AutoDock AutoDock is a molecular modeling

"Adam Leventhal (programmer)"
Adam Leventhal (programmer) Adam Leventhal (born 1979 in the United States) is an American software engineer, and one of the three authors of DTrace, a dynamic tracing facility in Solaris 10 (Sun Microsystems' latest OS) which allows users to observe, debug and tune system behavior in real time. Available to the public since November 2003, DTrace has since been used to find opportunities for performance improvements in production environments. Adam joined the Solaris kernel development team after graduating cum laude from Brown University in 2001 with his B.Sc. in Math and Computer Science. In 2006, Adam and his DTrace colleagues

"Eclipse (software)"
Eclipse (software) Eclipse is an integrated development environment (IDE) used in computer programming, and is the most widely used Java IDE. It contains a base workspace and an extensible plug-in system for customizing the environment. Eclipse is written mostly in Java and its primary use is for developing Java applications, but it may also be used to develop applications in other programming languages via plug-ins, including Ada, ABAP, C, C++, C#, Clojure, COBOL, D, Erlang, Fortran, Groovy, Haskell, JavaScript, Julia, Lasso, Lua, NATURAL, Perl, PHP, Prolog, Python, R, Ruby (including Ruby on Rails framework), Rust, Scala, and Scheme. It can

"Strategy of unbalanced growth"
Strategy of unbalanced growth Unbalanced growth is a natural path of economic development. Situations that countries are in at any one point in time reflect their previous investment decisions and development. Accordingly, at any point in time desirable investment programs that are not balanced investment packages may still advance welfare. Unbalanced investment can complement or correct existing imbalances. Once such an investment is made, a new imbalance is likely to appear, requiring further compensating investments. Therefore, growth need not take place in a balanced way. Supporters of the unbalanced growth doctrine include Albert O. Hirschman, Hans Singer, Paul Streeten, Marcus

"Trickle-up effect"
Trickle-up effect The trickle-up effect or fountain effect is an economic theory used to describe the overall ability of middle class people to drive and support the economy. The theory was founded by John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946). It is sometimes referred as Keynesian economics in which economic growth is enhanced when the government lowers taxes on the middle class and increases government spending. Traditional supply-side economics suggests that when business is less hampered by government controls or high taxation, it produces more economic benefits for the middle class in the form of jobs and cheaper goods. ""Trickle-down economics"" is a

"Harrod–Domar model"
Harrod–Domar model The Harrod–Domar model is a classical Keynesian model of economic growth. It is used in development economics to explain an economy's growth rate in terms of the level of saving and productivity of capital. It suggests that there is no natural reason for an economy to have balanced growth. The model was developed independently by Roy F. Harrod in 1939, and Evsey Domar in 1946, although a similar model had been proposed by Gustav Cassel in 1924. The Harrod–Domar model was the precursor to the exogenous growth model. Neoclassical economists claimed shortcomings in the Harrod–Domar model—in particular the

"Kondratiev wave"
and lending. As early as 1997, a number of Georgists predicted that the next crash would come in 2008. Debt deflation is a theory of economic cycles, which holds that recessions and depressions are due to the overall level of debt shrinking (deflating): the credit cycle is the cause of the economic cycle. The theory was developed by Irving Fisher following the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression. Debt deflation was largely ignored in favor of the ideas of John Maynard Keynes in Keynesian economics, but has enjoyed a resurgence of interest since the 1980s, both

"Mundell–Tobin effect"
similar argument was introduced by economist James Tobin. Mundell–Tobin effect The Mundell–Tobin effect suggests that nominal interest rates would rise less than one-for-one with inflation because in response to inflation the public would hold less in money balances and more in other assets, which would drive interest rates down. In other words, an increase in the exogenous growth rate of money increases the nominal interest rate and velocity of money, but decreases the real interest rate. The importance of the Mundell–Tobin effect is in that it appears as a deviation from the classical dichotomy. Robert Mundell was the first to

"Globalization and Its Discontents"
there is a model, often attributed to Adam Smith, which argues that market forces—the profit motive—drive the economy to efficient outcomes as if by an invisible hand. One of the great achievements of modern economics is to show the sense in which, and the conditions under which, Smith's conclusion is correct. It turns out that these conditions are highly restrictive. Indeed, more recent advances in economic theory—ironically occurring precisely during the period of the most relentless pursuit of the Washington Consensus policies—have shown that whenever information is imperfect and markets incomplete, which is to say always, and especially in developing

Stagflation
The idea was that high demand for goods drives up prices, and also encourages firms to hire more; and likewise high employment raises demand. However, in the 1970s and 1980s, when stagflation occurred, it became obvious that the relationship between inflation and employment levels was not necessarily stable: that is, the Phillips relationship could shift. Macroeconomists became more skeptical of Keynesian theories, and Keynesians themselves reconsidered their ideas in search of an explanation for stagflation. The explanation for the shift of the Phillips curve was initially provided by the monetarist economist Milton Friedman, and also by Edmund Phelps. Both argued

"Transformation in economics"
(metamorphosis) is not without consequences: when true diagnosis is not attempted, and people do not know what is happening with their economy and why, all forms of contagious social unrest follow worldwide. In economics, Okun's law (named after Arthur Melvin Okun), is an empirically observed relationship relating unemployment to losses in a country's production. This correlation ""law"" states that a 2% decline in output (GDP) will be accompanied by a 1% rise in unemployment. It has been dubbed as “Macroeconomic Mystery”. After holding for the past 40 years, it faltered during current “recovery”. Unemployment shot up faster than predicted, but

"Keynesian economics"
Keynesian economics Keynesian economics ( ; sometimes called Keynesianism) are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total demand in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal the productive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation. Keynesian economics developed during and after the Great Depression, from the ideas presented by John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 book, ""The General Theory of Employment, Interest

Mundell–Tobin effect The Mundell–Tobin effect suggests that nominal interest rates would rise less than one-for-one with inflation because in response to inflation the public would hold less in money balances and more in other assets, which would drive interest rates down. In other words, an increase in the exogenous growth rate of money increases the nominal interest rate and velocity of money, but decreases the real interest rate. The importance of the Mundell–Tobin effect is in that it appears as a deviation from the classical dichotomy. Robert Mundell was the first to show expected inflation has real economic effects. A

"1945 Indian general election"
Even though Congress won, the League had united the Muslim vote and as such it gained the negotiating power to seek a separate Muslim homeland as it became clear that a united India would prove highly unstable. The elected members later formed the Constituent Assembly of India. These were the last general elections in British India; consequent elections were held in 1951 in India and 1970 in Pakistan. On 19 September 1945, the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946. It was also announced that an

executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections. Although the Government of India Act, 1935 had proposed an all-India federation, it could not take place because the government held that the Princely states were unwilling to join it. Consequently, rather than choosing 375 members, only 102 elective seats were to be filled. Hence the elections to the central legislature were held under the terms of the Government of India Act 1919. 1945 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly

1945 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party, winning 59 of the 102 elected seats. The Muslim League won all Muslim constituencies, but failed to win any other seats. Of the 13 remaining seats, 8 went to Europeans, 3 to independents, and 2 to Akali candidates in the Sikh constituencies of Punjab. This election coupled with the provincial one in 1946 proved to be a strategic victory for Jinnah and the partitionists.

for Sikhs and one for the United Provinces. The Parliament was opened by the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn on 9 February 1921. Alongside the national elections there were also elections to 637 seats in Provincial Assemblies. Of these, 440 were contested, 188 had a single candidate elected unopposed. Despite the calls by Mahatma Gandhi for a boycott of the elections, only six had no candidate. Within the Provincial Assemblies 38 were reserved for White voters. 1920 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1920 to elect members to the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial

"1934 Indian general election"
1934 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1934. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party in the Central Legislative Assembly. The total electorate for the 1934 elections was 1,415,892, of which 1,135,899 were in contested constituencies. The total number of votes polled was 608,198. The election marked the first year in which Indian women were eligible to vote in any but a local election. Of the 81,602 enrolled women voters, 62,757 of whom were in contested constituencies, only 14,505 actually used the ballot. Out of the 51 general seats of the general constituencies,

"1946 Indian provincial elections"
a coalition government was formed by Congress and the Unionists; this pro-union coalition collapsed as soon as it was formed, which proved a nail in the coffin for Gandhi and Nehru in proving that a united India would be a stable nation. On 19 September 1945, the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that elections to the provincial and central legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946. It was also announced that an executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections. These elections were important as the provincial assemblies thus formed were

"2009 Indian general election"
Sabha was conducted in May 2004 and its term would have naturally expired on 1 June 2009. Elections are organised by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and are normally held in multiple phases to better handle the large electoral base and its security concerns. The 2009 elections were held in five phases. In February 2009, Rs.11.20 billion ($200.5 million) was budgeted for election expenses by the Indian Parliament. A total of 8070 candidates contested for 543 Lok Sabha seats. The average election turnout over all 5 phases was around 59.7%. The results of the election were announced within three

2009 Indian general election India held general elections to the 15th Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 May 2009. With an electorate of 714 million (larger than the electorate of the European Union and United States combined), it was the largest democratic election in the world till the Indian General Elections 2014 held from 7 April 2014. By constitutional requirement, elections to the Lok Sabha (lower house of the parliament of India) must be held every five years, or whenever Parliament is dissolved by the President of India. The previous election to the 14th Lok

"My Three Sons"
Steve remarries, taking widowed teacher Barbara Harper (Beverly Garland) as his wife; she brings with her a 5-year-old daughter, Dorothy ""Dodie"" (Dawn Lyn), so Steven now had a stepdaughter whom he also subsequently adopts. (Dodie is wary of Steve at first, believing that he wants her to simply forget her late father, until he explains that he wants her to always remember and love him, but since he's no longer alive, Steve wants to raise her in his place, and hopes she'll come to love him also.) Also, the last year-and-a-half of the series feature fewer appearances of both Don

27, 1966), Mike is specifically mentioned as teaching at a college. MacRae joined ""Petticoat Junction"" the following year, the last of three actresses to play Billie Jo Bradley. To keep the show's title plausible, the show's head writer, George Tibbles fashioned a three-part story arc in which an orphaned friend of youngest brother Richard (Chip, played by Stanley Livingston), Ernie Thompson (played by his real-life brother, Barry Livingston), awaits adoption when his current foster parents are transferred to the Orient. Steve offers to adopt Ernie, but faces antagonism from Uncle Charley, who finds Ernie a bit grating, and forecasts major

in several episodes of ""I Love Lucy"". Actress Tina Cole (Katie) was born into the King Family, a popular 1950s–1960s group. Ronne Troup (Polly) was the step-daughter of singer Julie London and daughter of musician/composer Bobby Troup (who wrote the song ""Route 66"" and also starred in the TV program ""Emergency!"" along with wife London), and Dawn Lyn is the younger sister of 1970s pop idol Leif Garrett. Don Grady (Robbie) composed and produced music, having created successful Las Vegas venues for ""Phantom of the Opera"" star Michael Crawford and pop star David Cassidy. Grady also played drums in the

that he was also devoted to automobile racing, which his contract forbade. His character was written out, along with Meredith MacRae, who had played his fiancée Sally, in a wedding episode that was the premiere of the 1965–1966 season on CBS. After this episode, Mike is mentioned briefly in only four succeeding episodes (including one in which Ernie becomes adopted), and is never seen again, even at Robbie and Steve's weddings. (Steve explains briefly in one of these episodes that he has another son, but ""He lives away from home"".) In the episode ""Steve and the Huntress"" (first aired January

"Sons & Daughters (2006 TV series)"
(Vigman), his son Ezra (Matthews), his daughter Marni (Jourdain) and his son Henry (Einhorn) who Cameron didn't know existed, his mother and stepfather, Colleen and Wendal Halbert (Wallace-Stone, Gail), and his other plethora of brothers and sisters. He is considered the only sane person in his family and tries to fix any problem that arises within the family. Cameron's sister and brother-in-law Sharon (Quinn) and Don Fenton (Lambert) seem to create more problems for him rather than themselves. The couple are almost always in deep denial about their personal issues, such as not having sex for several years. Jenna (Walsh),

Grady and Stanley Livingston. Grady's character was written out of the show at the end of the 11th season, which allowed for his wife Katie and their triplet sons to remain within the Douglas household the following season (as a structural engineer Robbie was working on a bridge construction in Peru). Chip and his teenaged wife Polly (Ronne Troup) (who eloped after Polly's disciplinarian father refused to sanction their marriage) move into their own apartment. At the end of the 1970-1971 season (the show's 11th year), ""My Three Sons"" was still garnering healthy ratings. By the spring of 1971, it

"All My Children"
of 1989. ABC was pleased with Behr; Nixon was as well, and decided her creation was safe in the hands of the new producer. Behr, however, made the unpopular decision to fire Peter Bergman (Cliff Warner) during this time, as well as Ellen Wheeler (Karen) and Robert Gentry (Ross Chandler). Bergman's departure was particularly frustrating to Debbi Morgan (who thought it was a cop-out by ABC on the promising interracial Angie/Cliff pairing; Morgan later defected to the new NBC soap opera ""Generations"" in protest), Taylor Miller (who was misled when Behr approached her to bring back her character Nina; Miller

(aka Peter Cooney) (James Mitchell), his somewhat creepy housekeeper Myra Murdock (Elizabeth Lawrence), and his overprotected daughter Nina (Taylor Miller), who, to Palmer's chagrin, entrances Dr. Cliff Warner (Peter Bergman). Palmer does everything in his power to break up the couple, including telling Nina she is going blind due to her diabetes. Palmer teams up with Cliff's past flame, nurse Sybil Thorne (Linda Gibboney), who confronts Cliff about fathering her son, but this is temporary; Sybil is murdered and Cliff is arrested for the crime, which actually was committed by Sean Cudahy (Alan Dysert). During the murder trial, Nina is

had finished in 19th place. A 1971 television pilot with Don Grady and Tina Cole called ""Three of a Kind"", then retitled ""Robbie""—about Robbie, Katie, and the triplets moving to San Francisco—was filmed but not picked up as a series. The final episode of the 1970-1971 season, ""After the Honeymoon"", actually set up the premise for this pilot. The guest stars were Richard X. Slattery and Pat Carroll, who were featured as the landlords of the apartment block into which Robbie and Katie move. However, Don Grady had informed the producers of his intention to leave the series and pursue

"Carnegie Hall"
nonprofit Carnegie Hall Corporation was created to run the venue. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time Carnegie Hall was built have performed in the Main Hall, and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia. The NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor. On November 14, 1943, the 25-year old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS,

"The Glenn Miller Carnegie Hall Concert"
Glenn Miller and his Orchestra were the last on the bill to perform. Benny Goodman, Fred Waring, and Paul Whiteman were the other performers on the bill. The Glenn Miller performance was both a popular and critical success. He led his orchestra through a program of music that ranged from full-scale swing and romantic ballads. Music critics hailed the concert as Miller's defining moment. Paul Whiteman introduced the band: ""It affords me a great joy to have him on this program and to present to you the final band of the night, one of the most popular bands in the

"Walter Damrosch"
Walter Damrosch Walter Johannes Damrosch (January 30, 1862 – December 22, 1950) was a German-born American conductor and composer. He is best remembered today as long-time director of the New York Symphony Orchestra and for conducting the world premiere performances of George Gershwin's ""Piano Concerto in F"" (1925) and ""An American in Paris"" (1928). Damrosch was also instrumental in the founding of Carnegie Hall. Damrosch was born in Breslau, Silesia, a son of Helene von Heimburg, a former opera singer, and the conductor Leopold Damrosch, and brother of conductor Frank Damrosch and music teacher Clara Mannes. His parents were Lutheran

"Opening Prayer"
Opening Prayer Opening Prayer is a composition for baritone and orchestra, written for the reopening of Carnegie Hall in 1986. Composer Leonard Bernstein set a Hebrew biblical benediction, which concludes a traditional morning service. He derived the music from an earlier piano composition, and later included it in his Jubilee Games in 1988, and in their expansion to the Concerto for Orchestra in 1989, calling the movement now Benediction. Leonard Bernstein had a close connection to Carnegie Hall. He made his debut there on 14 November 1943, stepping in for Bruno Walter on short notice. As the orchestra's first American

"Kristin Chenoweth at Carnegie Hall"
Kristin Chenoweth at Carnegie Hall Kristin Chenoweth at Carnegie Hall was a concert by American singer and actress Kristin Chenoweth in the Isaac Stern Auditorium at Carnegie Hall in New York City on September 10, 2004. The sold-out concert was Chenoweth's debut in the landmark venue as a solo act. Chenoweth headlined the one-night-only concert two months after leaving the role of Glinda on Broadway in ""Wicked"". The concert featured a 13-piece orchestra conducted by Andrew Lippa. Chenoweth was joined on stage by two dancers, Seán Martin Hingston and David Elder. Andrew Gans, in ""Playbill"", praised Chenoweth as an interpreter

"Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)"
Munich International Exhibition grounds near Theresienhöhe (now a branch of the Deutsches Museum). This vast hall had a capacity of 3,200; to assist ticket sales and raise publicity, Gutmann devised the nickname ""Symphony of a Thousand"", which has remained the symphony's popular subtitle despite Mahler's disapproval. Among the many distinguished figures present at the sold-out premiere were the composers Richard Strauss, Camille Saint-Saëns and Anton Webern; the writers Thomas Mann and Arthur Schnitzler; and the leading theatre director of the day, Max Reinhardt. Also in the audience was the 28-year-old British conductor Leopold Stokowski, who six years later would lead

"Benjamin Johnson Lang"
father's baton. Her ""Dramatic Overture"", Op. 12, was the first work by a woman played by a major American symphony orchestra (BSO, 1893, Arthur Nikisch). Benjamin Johnson Lang Benjamin Johnson Lang (December 28, 1837April 3 or 4, 1909) was an American conductor, pianist, organist, teacher and composer. He introduced a large amount of music to American audiences, including the world premiere of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, which he conducted in Boston in 1875. Benjamin Johnson Lang was born in Salem, Massachusetts, the son of a piano maker, music teacher and organist. By the age of 12 he

"Symphony No. 1 (Walton)"
on 6 November of that year. The performance roused great enthusiasm. ""The News Chronicle"" reported, ""The applause at the close was overwhelming, and when Mr Walton, a slim, shy, young man, came on to the platform he was cheered continuously for five minutes"". The symphony aroused international interest. The leading continental conductors Wilhelm Furtwängler and Willem Mengelberg sent for copies of the score; the Chicago Symphony Orchestra premiered the work in the US under Harty; Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra gave the New York premiere; and the young George Szell conducted the symphony in Australia. The work is in

Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Originally known simply as ""Music Hall"" (the words ""Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie"" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York (the hall's original governing body) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name. Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896, including the addition of two towers of artists' studios, and alterations to the smaller auditorium on the building's lower level. The hall was owned by

"New York Philharmonic"
convince Andrew Carnegie that New York needed a first-class concert hall and on May 5, 1891, both Walter and Russian composer Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducted at the inaugural concert of the city's new Music Hall, which in a few years would be renamed for its primary benefactor, Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie Hall would remain the orchestra's home until 1962. The Philharmonic in 1877 was in desperate financial condition, caused by the paltry income from five concerts in the 1876/77 season that brought in an average of only $168 per concert. Representatives of the Philharmonic wished to attract the German-born, American-trained conductor

Spotify
including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, ""Thinking Out Loud"" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that ""Lean On"" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In

Spotify
December 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song ""One Dance"" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single ""Look What You Made Me Do"" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single ""Sad!"" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced

Spotify
November 2018, it had 191 million monthly active users, including 87 million paying subscribers. Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the number of artists' streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Spotify has faced criticism from artists and producers including Taylor Swift and Thom Yorke, who argued that it does not fairly compensate musicians. In April 2017, as part of its efforts to renegotiate license

Spotify
Emoji, Basement, Hiptronix, Six Strings and Cyclone (hip-hop, electronic, pop, guitar-driven and experimental music respectively). The playlists spotlight lesser-known musicians and their songs which are listened to by 100,000 randomly chosen users and are talked about on 10 to 20,000 music blogs. They are updated every Wednesday, and can contain a maximum of up to 50 songs. In August 2016, Spotify launched Release Radar, a personalised playlist that allows users to stay up-to-date on new music released by artists they listen to the most. It also helps users discover new music, by mixing in other artists' music. The playlist is

Spotify
New Zealand and parts of Africa and Asia. It is available for most modern devices, including Windows, macOS, and Linux computers, iOS, Windows Phone and Android smartphones and tablets, as well as TVs via factory-installed means, Roku Players, Amazon Fire TV devices, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One home consoles. Music can be browsed through or searched for by parameters such as artist, album, genre, playlist, or record label. Users can create, edit, and share playlists and tracks on social media, and make playlists with other users. Spotify provides access to more than 40 million songs. As of

Spotify
a customer base of one million paying subscribers across Europe, and by September 2011, the number of paying subscribers had doubled to two million. In August 2012, ""Time"" reported 15 million active users, four million being paying Spotify subscribers. User growth continued, reaching 20 million total active users, including 5 million paying customers globally and 1 million paying customers in the United States, in December 2012. By March 2013, the service had 24 million active users, 6 million being paying subscribers, which grew to 40 million users (including 10 million paying) in May 2014, 60 million users (including 15 million

"The Official Vodafone Big Top 40"
week, and 98% of all albums. It is therefore subscribed to by the British music industry and wider media as the UK's official weekly measure of recorded music popularity. The song holding the record for most weeks at No.1 is ""Despacito"" by Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee and Justin Bieber with 11 non-consecutive weeks. The longest song to stay at number one consecutively is ""These Days"" by Rudimental, Jess Glynne, Macklemore and Dan Caplen (4 February - 1 April 2018). On 8 May 2016, a technical problem at Arqiva's satellite communication centre caused the IRN satellite feed, which would usually connect

Spotify
paying) in December 2014, 75 million users (20 million paying) in June 2015, 30 million paying subscribers in March 2016, 40 million subscribers in September 2016, and 100 million total users in June 2016. As of November 2018, Spotify has 191 million active users, including over 87 million paying subscribers. According to ""TechCrunch"", Spotify was planning to launch on the stock market in 2017, but is instead planning on doing the IPO in 2018 in order to ""build up a better balance sheet and work on shifting its business model to improve its margins"". The value of its IPO is

Spotify
their favourite artists, as well as music, review, and concert recommendations based on listening history. Users can add all tracks to a ""Collection"" section of the app, rather than adding to a specific playlist. The features were announced by CEO Daniel Ek at a press conference, with Ek stating that a common user complaint about the service was that ""Spotify is great when you know what music you want to listen to, but not when you don't"", adding that ""20,000"" new songs got added to the service on a daily basis. ""You're fighting with 20 million songs on Spotify"", Ek

nearly 30 remixes from various remixers and producers including Dave Audé, Tracy Young and Dirty Pop, transforming it into a club track. With her 2018 single ""Shallow"" reaching number one, Gaga moved upto number eight on the ranking, amassing a total of 15 chart toppers. American musician, remixer, songwriter, and producer Dave Audé has amassed 14 number ones on the Dance Club Songs chart, making him the only producer on this list to achieve this feat, as well as the only non-singing artist on this list, although if you factor in his side project JX Riders, he actually would have

"Grewia occidentalis"
monkey before germination commences. The berries are eaten locally, either fresh and raw, fermented with traditional beer, or used with goats milk to make berry yoghurt. Grewia occidentalis Grewia occidentalis, the crossberry, is a small, hardy, attractive tree indigenous to Southern Africa. A small, scrambling, deciduous tree reaching a height of about 3m, its purple, star-shaped flowers appear in summer, followed by distinctive four-lobed berries (from where it gets its common names ""crossberry"" and ""four-corner""). These shiny reddish-brown fruits remain on the tree for long periods and are favoured by fruit-eating birds. The simple leaves are shiny, deep green and

"Plantago lanceolata"
Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It is known by the common names ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain, English plantain, ribleaf and lamb's tongue. It is a common weed of cultivated land. The plant is a rosette-forming perennial herb, with leafless, silky, hairy flower stems (). The basal leaves are lanceolate spreading or erect, scarcely toothed with 3-5 strong parallel veins narrowed to a short petiole. The flower stalk is deeply furrowed, ending in an ovoid inflorescence of many small flowers each with a pointed bract. Each flower can produce up to

Uvularia
Uvularia Uvularia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Colchicaceae, which is closely related to the lily family (Liliaceae). They are commonly called bellworts, bellflowers or merrybells. The genus name is derived from the Latin ""ūvula"" meaning ""little grape,"" likely because of the way the flowers hang downward. For the same reason ""Uvularia"" may also refer to the similarly derived palatine uvula, which hangs down from the soft palate in the mouth. The plants are often found growing on wooded slopes or in ravines and they spread by stolons, or stoloniferous rhizomes. The plants are usually in height

"Begonia grandis"
hardy to zones 6-7. Begonia grandis Begonia grandis, the hardy begonia, is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae. It is a herbaceous plant with alternate, simple leaves on arching stems. The flowers are pink or white, borne in dichotomous cymes from late summer through fall in USDA U.S. Hardiness Zone 7. As the common name ""hardy begonia"" implies, it is winter hardy in some temperate regions. It can overwinter well in hardiness zone 9a in southwestern Japan as tuberous roots or bulbils (bulbils are formed in axils). Above-ground parts of this plant eventually die as temperature lowers. However, it

"Plantago cordata"
Plantago cordata Plantago cordata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name heartleaf plantain. It is native to eastern North America, where it is distributed throughout eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Though it has a wide distribution, it is very localized, and populations have declined almost everywhere. This perennial plant grows up to half a meter tall. The fleshy leaf blades are oval to heart-shaped and borne on long petioles. The plant produces smaller leaves during the winter, and larger ones during the summer. The inflorescence arises on a hollow stem

"Leucospermum cordatum"
protected and the decline seems to have stopped. ""L. cordatum"" is considered an endangered species. Leucospermum cordatum Leucospermum cordatum is an evergreen, creeping shrublet of about 20 cm (8 in) high that is assigned to the Proteaceae family. It has pale cream flower heads, from which pink flushed styles emerge, the whole reminiscent of a pincushion. Its common name is heart-leaf pincushion in English. It flowers between July and December but the peak of the flowering period is from September to November. It is an endemic species, that is only known from two locations close to each other in the

that have the highest variety of resistance phenotypes will have the highest survival rates particularly when rates of infection are high. Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It is known by the common names ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain, English plantain, ribleaf and lamb's tongue. It is a common weed of cultivated land. The plant is a rosette-forming perennial herb, with leafless, silky, hairy flower stems (). The basal leaves are lanceolate spreading or erect, scarcely toothed with 3-5 strong parallel veins narrowed to a short petiole. The flower stalk is deeply

Begonia grandis Begonia grandis, the hardy begonia, is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae. It is a herbaceous plant with alternate, simple leaves on arching stems. The flowers are pink or white, borne in dichotomous cymes from late summer through fall in USDA U.S. Hardiness Zone 7. As the common name ""hardy begonia"" implies, it is winter hardy in some temperate regions. It can overwinter well in hardiness zone 9a in southwestern Japan as tuberous roots or bulbils (bulbils are formed in axils). Above-ground parts of this plant eventually die as temperature lowers. However, it is generally regarded as

Grewia occidentalis Grewia occidentalis, the crossberry, is a small, hardy, attractive tree indigenous to Southern Africa. A small, scrambling, deciduous tree reaching a height of about 3m, its purple, star-shaped flowers appear in summer, followed by distinctive four-lobed berries (from where it gets its common names ""crossberry"" and ""four-corner""). These shiny reddish-brown fruits remain on the tree for long periods and are favoured by fruit-eating birds. The simple leaves are shiny, deep green and sometimes slightly hairy. The natural range of this plant extends from Cape Town in the south, across South Africa, to Mozambique in the north and inland

"Rosa canina"
Rosa canina Rosa canina, commonly known as the dog rose, is a variable climbing, wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. It is a deciduous shrub normally ranging in height from , though sometimes it can scramble higher into the crowns of taller trees. Its stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked prickles, which aid it in climbing. The leaves are pinnate, with 5–7 leaflets. The flowers are usually pale pink, but can vary between a deep pink and white. They are in diameter with five petals, and mature into an oval, , red-orange fruit, or

of ""Cats"", provided the integral musical staging and choreography. A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton (Lloyd Webber's home) in 1985, starring Colm Wilkinson (later the star of the Toronto production) as the Phantom, Sarah Brightman as Kristin (later Christine), and Clive Carter (later a member of the London cast) as Raoul. This very preliminary production used Richard Stilgoe's original unaltered lyrics, and many songs sported names that were later changed, such as ""What Has Time Done to Me"" (""Think of Me""), and ""Papers"" (""Notes""). The Phantom's original mask covered the entire face and remained in place

"Enrico Caruso"
Enrico Caruso Enrico Caruso (; ; 25 February 1873 – 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic tenor. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles from the Italian and French repertoires that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic. Caruso also made approximately 260 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920. All of these recordings, which span most of his stage career, remain available today on CDs and as downloads and digital streams. Enrico Caruso came from a poor but not destitute background. Born in

or more record sides. Enrico Caruso Enrico Caruso (; ; 25 February 1873 – 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic tenor. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles from the Italian and French repertoires that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic. Caruso also made approximately 260 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920. All of these recordings, which span most of his stage career, remain available today on CDs and as downloads and digital streams. Enrico Caruso came from a poor but not

"Arianna in Creta"
Nicola Porpora, ""Arianna in Nasso"", at Lincoln's Inn Theatre in London and with Senesino in a starring role, joined by another internationally celebrated castrato, Farinelli. It is debated whether Handel may have chosen the subject of his next opera, ""Arianna in Creta"", as a direct challenge to Porpora's piece at the new opera company, or whether Handel arrived at the subject before Porpora. Handel's opera achieved a successful run of sixteen performances and Handel revived the work in his later season at Covent Garden Theatre. The diarist who kept what is known as ""Colman's Opera Register"" recorded : ""Ariadne in

John Philip Kemble, raised seat prices to help recoup the cost of rebuilding and the cost of an increased ground rent introduced by the landowner, the Duke of Bedford, but the move was so unpopular that audiences disrupted performances by beating sticks, hissing, booing and dancing. The ""Old Price Riots"" lasted over two months, and the management was finally forced to accede to the audience's demands. During this time, entertainments were varied; opera and ballet were presented, but not exclusively. Kemble engaged a variety of acts, including the child performer ""Master Betty""; the great clown Joseph Grimaldi made his name

"Jurassic World Evolution"
CEO David Braben announced the company was working on a new project based on an existing Hollywood property. On 20 August 2017, the game was announced during Gamescom 2017. Later, on 7 October, footage showcasing the in-game engine was revealed during the first annual Frontier Expo. The game was digitally released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 12 June 2018, coinciding with the theatrical release of ""Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"". A free game update based on ""Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"", with six dinosaurs from the film, was released on 22 June 2018. Physical copies of the PlayStation 4

and Xbox One version were distributed by Sold Out on 3 July 2018. In August 2018, Frontier Developments announced an upcoming patch that would alter the sizes of several dinosaurs to match their real-life and film counterparts. The update was released in September 2018, and included additional sandbox and gameplay options, as well as the addition of Challenge Mode. The first paid downloadable content (DLC), ""Secrets of Dr. Wu"", was released on November 20, 2018. The DLC introduced new story missions, research options and new dinosaur and hybrid species. On the same day, Frontier introduced new AI behaviors and a

Jurassic World Evolution Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments. Based on the 2015 film ""Jurassic World"", the game was released on 12 June 2018, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the game, players construct a dinosaur park on Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago, a group of five islands also known as the ""Five Deaths"". The game features more than 40 types of dinosaurs; their genes can be modified to introduce new features. Players are given contracts to fulfill by three divisions, Science, Security and Entertainment, allowing them to progress.

nominated for ""Best Audio Design"" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards. Jurassic World Evolution Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments. Based on the 2015 film ""Jurassic World"", the game was released on 12 June 2018, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the game, players construct a dinosaur park on Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago, a group of five islands also known as the ""Five Deaths"". The game features more than 40 types of dinosaurs; their genes can be modified to introduce new features. Players are given contracts to fulfill

as they rescue the remaining dinosaurs before a volcanic eruption destroys it. Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, B. D. Wong, and Jeff Goldblum reprise their roles from previous films in the series, with Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin joining the cast. Filming took place from February to July 2017 in the United Kingdom and Hawaii. Produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, ""Fallen Kingdom"" premiered in Madrid on May 21, 2018, and was released internationally in early June 2018 and in the United States on June 22, 2018. The

film was also released in the United States on June 22, 2018. ""Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"" was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. ""Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"" grossed $416.8 million in the United States and Canada plus $888.2 million in other territories for a total worldwide gross of $1.305 billion, against a production budget in the range of $170–187 million. The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 5, 2018, becoming the 35th film of all-time to reach this milestone, and the seventh film for Universal.

"Jurassic Park"
The game is available on PC, Mac, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and iPad. ""Lego Jurassic World"" is a 2015 Lego action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Xbox One, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It followed the plots of the series' four films, including ""Jurassic Park"", and was released on June 12, 2015. ""Jurassic World Evolution"" is a business simulation game developed and published by Frontier Developments, and released on June 12, 2018. The game tasks players with constructing and managing

film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third ""Jurassic"" film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th highest-grossing film of all time. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Pratt's and Howard's performance, Bayona's direction, the visuals, Michael Giacchino's score and the ""surprisingly dark moments"", while others suggested the series had run its course, criticizing the screenplay and lack of innovation. An untitled sequel is set to be released on June 11, 2021, with Trevorrow returning to direct. A small team of mercenaries arrives on the abandoned

six-second clip from the film was released on November 22, 2017. The first trailer was teased for release on November 30, 2017. This was later confirmed to be incorrect. Several teaser trailers and a behind-the-scenes featurette of the film were released in early December 2017, before the release of a full-length trailer on December 7. That month, Universal launched a website for the Dinosaur Protection Group. It included miscellaneous information about the group and its effort to save the island's dinosaurs, as well as a video featuring Howard, Pineda and Smith as their characters. The website was created by Timothy

film, """", was released in June 2018. The film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third ""Jurassic"" film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th highest-grossing film of all time. A sixth film, tentatively titled ""Jurassic World 3"", is scheduled to be released on June 11, 2021. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. In 2018, the first film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library

"Human brain"
cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor

Brainstem
the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brainstem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception), and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch). The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. The brainstem has many basic functions including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. The midbrain is divided into three parts: tectum, tegmentum, and the

"Central nervous system"
capabilities of the brain. Connecting each of the hemispheres is the corpus callosum as well as several additional commissures. One of the most important parts of the cerebral hemispheres is the cortex, made up of gray matter covering the surface of the brain. Functionally, the cerebral cortex is involved in planning and carrying out of everyday tasks. The hippocampus is involved in storage of memories, the amygdala plays a role in perception and communication of emotion, while the basal ganglia play a major role in the coordination of voluntary movement. This differentiates the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous

influenced by the kidneys – when blood pressure falls, the renin released by the kidneys stimulates a need to drink. The hypothalamus also regulates food intake through autonomic signals, and hormone release by the digestive system. While language functions were traditionally thought to be localized to Wernicke's area and Broca's area, it is now mostly accepted that a wider network of cortical regions contributes to language functions. The study on how language is represented, processed, and acquired by the brain is called neurolinguistics, which is a large multidisciplinary field drawing from cognitive neuroscience, cognitive linguistics, and psycholinguistics. The cerebrum has

"Cerebral cortex"
as the lentiform nucleus, because together they form a lens-shaped body. The putamen and caudate nucleus are also collectively called the corpus striatum after their striped appearance. The association areas are the parts of the cerebral cortex that do not belong to the primary regions. They function to produce a meaningful perceptual experience of the world, enable us to interact effectively, and support abstract thinking and language. The parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes - all located in the posterior part of the cortex - integrate sensory information and information stored in memory. The frontal lobe or prefrontal association complex is

involved in planning actions and movement, as well as abstract thought. Globally, the association areas are organized as distributed networks. Each network connects areas distributed across widely spaced regions of the cortex. Distinct networks are positioned adjacent to one another yielding a complex series of interwoven networks. The specific organization of the association networks is debated with evidence for interactions, hierarchical relationships, and competition between networks. In humans, association networks are particularly important to language function. In the past it was theorized that language abilities are localized in the left hemisphere in areas 44/45, the Broca's area, for language expression

Neocortex
Neocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further subdivided into the true isocortex and the proisocortex. In the human brain, the neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex which is the outer layer of the cerebrum, with the allocortex making up the rest. The neocortex is made up of six layers, labelled from the outermost inwards, I to VI. Of all the mammals studied to date (including humans),

as nuclei involved in the regulation of many essential processes including breathing, control of eye movements and balance. The reticular formation, a network of nuclei of ill-defined formation, is present within and along the length of the brainstem. Many nerve tracts, which transmit information to and from the cerebral cortex to the rest of the body, pass through the brainstem. The human brain is primarily composed of neurons, glial cells, neural stem cells, and blood vessels. Types of neuron include interneurons, pyramidal cells including Betz cells, motor neurons (upper and lower motor neurons), and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Betz cells are

"Language processing in the brain"
languages or written content. Throughout the 20th century, our knowledge of language processing in the brain was dominated by the Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model. The Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model is primarily based on research conducted on brain-damaged individuals who were reported to possess a variety of language related disorders. In accordance with this model, words are perceived via a specialized word reception center (Wernicke's area) that is located in the left temporoparietal junction. This region then projects to a word production center (Broca's area) that is located in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Because almost all language input was thought to funnel via Wernicke's

Hippocampus
Hippocampus The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, ""seahorse"" from ἵππος ""hippos"", ""horse"" and κάμπος ""kampos"", ""sea monster"") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex (allocortical) and in primates in the medial temporal lobe. It contains two main

"Mandalay Resort Group"
Mandalay Resort Group Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was a hotel-casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo. In terms of market capitalization, it was one of the largest casino operators in the world. Its stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol ""CIR"" and ""MBG"". The company was originally known as Circus Circus Enterprises and originated with Jay Sarno's 1968 opening of the Circus Circus as well as a Circus Circus in Reno, which opened in

"Mandalay Bay"
Mandalay Bay Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying five floors (35–39). Mandalay Bay has 3,209 hotel rooms, 24 elevators and a casino of . Adjacent to the hotel is the Mandalay Bay Convention Center and the 12,000-seat Mandalay Bay Events Center. The Mandalay Bay Tram connects the resort to its sister properties, Excalibur and Luxor, all three of

at least $200 million. Construction began on the project in September 2002. The name of the tower, THEhotel at Mandalay Bay, was revealed in October 2003. The tower opened on December 17, 2003. In February 2005, Mandalay Resort Group was sold to MGM Mirage (later MGM Resorts International), which currently owns the resort. The acquisition was finalized on April 25, 2005. On October 1, 2017, gunman Stephen Paddock opened fire on the Route 91 Harvest, a country music festival, from a room on the 32nd floor of the hotel, killing 58 and wounding 546. The shooting ended when Paddock committed

"Mark A. Brown"
the Year Award from the Trocki Hebrew Academy, and the D.A.R.E. Future of New Jersey Award. In the summer of 2008, Brown ran with the Olympic Torch during the torch relays. BLOOMBERG NEWS November 14, 2016 BusinessWeek profile Mark A. Brown Mark Brown (born February 10, 1961) is an American gaming industry executive known for serving as CEO of Trump Hotels and Casinos Inc. and President of The Venetian Macau, Sands Macau, and The Four Seasons Macau. In November 2010, Brown joined Wynn Resorts, Ltd in advance of the organization's multibillion-dollar Cotai Strip Macau project. In November 2014 Brown was

two companies' properties. Michigan law, however, forbade one company from owning multiple casinos, requiring the sale of either the MGM Grand Detroit or Mandalay's 54% stake in the MotorCity Casino. After some vacillation about which property to sell, Mandalay accepted a $525-million offer for its interest in MotorCity from Marian Ilitch, the casino's second largest shareholder. Mandalay Resort Group Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was a hotel-casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo. In terms of market capitalization, it was

restaurants on the property. Mandalay Bay Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying five floors (35–39). Mandalay Bay has 3,209 hotel rooms, 24 elevators and a casino of . Adjacent to the hotel is the Mandalay Bay Convention Center and the 12,000-seat Mandalay Bay Events Center. The Mandalay Bay Tram connects the resort to its sister properties, Excalibur and

Mark A. Brown Mark Brown (born February 10, 1961) is an American gaming industry executive known for serving as CEO of Trump Hotels and Casinos Inc. and President of The Venetian Macau, Sands Macau, and The Four Seasons Macau. In November 2010, Brown joined Wynn Resorts, Ltd in advance of the organization's multibillion-dollar Cotai Strip Macau project. In November 2014 Brown was named President and CEO of Imperial Pacific Ltd's $7.1 Billion casino resort project in Saipan. Mark Anthony Brown was raised in Brigantine, New Jersey and entered the gaming industry in the late 1970s at Atlantic City’s Resorts International.

"Steve Wynn"
Macau in 2006, Encore Las Vegas in 2008, Encore at Wynn Macau in 2010 and Wynn Palace in Macau in 2016. Current projects include Wynn Everett near Boston. In 2006, Wynn was inducted into the American Gaming Association Hall of Fame. As of September 2015, Wynn's net worth was estimated by ""Forbes"" at $2.4 billion, making him the 279th wealthiest American. Steve Wynn collects fine art, often exhibiting pieces by artists such as Picasso and Claude Monet in Wynn Resorts' hotels. In 2018, Wynn was accused by dozens of people of sexual misconduct, ranging from harassment to forcible assault to

"Sheldon Adelson"
Sheldon Adelson Sheldon Gary Adelson (pronounced ; born August 4, 1933) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, which owns the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore, and is the parent company of Venetian Macao Limited, which operates The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino and the Sands Expo and Convention Center. He also owns the Israeli daily newspaper ""Israel Hayom"" and the American daily newspaper ""Las Vegas Review-Journal"". Adelson, a donor and philanthropist to a variety of causes, also founded the Adelson Foundation in 2007, at the

has played host to the Latin Grammy Awards several times, and the Miss Universe pageant. This facility is one of the largest privately owned convention centers in the world. It has several ballrooms ranging in size up to , and can support up to 75 breakout sessions. The Shoppes at Mandalay Place is a - long retail sky bridge on the north side of the property that connects to the Luxor. There are 24 restaurants at the resort. Michael Mina, Alain Ducasse, Rick Moonen, Charlie Palmer, Hubert Keller, Wolfgang Puck, Mary Sue Milliken and Susan Feniger are all associated with

"Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park"
Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is located in North Central Florida, in Suwannee County, United States. Situated on the banks of the historic Suwannee River, the park consists of over 800 acres (2.4 km²) of camping areas, concert venues, recreational facilities and unspoiled forests. The park hosts numerous major events each year, including Suwannee Hulaween, the AURA Music and Arts Festival, Suwannee River Jam, the Magnoliafest, Wanee Music Festival, Blackwater Music Festival, Purple Hatter's Ball, and Suwannee Springfest. Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, nestled in Live Oak, Florida, with 3 miles

to the park to enhance and improve its entertainment, hiking, canoeing, camping and other activities. The park offers varied camping options including primitive camping, RV camping and furnished park models. A tree house is also available for different occasions and events. Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is located in North Central Florida, in Suwannee County, United States. Situated on the banks of the historic Suwannee River, the park consists of over 800 acres (2.4 km²) of camping areas, concert venues, recreational facilities and unspoiled forests. The park hosts numerous major events each

of the Suwannee river bordering the park, hosts over 25 diverse, fun events throughout the year. AURA Music and Arts Festival, Suwannee Hulaween, Wanee Music Festival, Springfest, Suwannee Festival of Lights, and Suwannee River Jam are some of these annual festivals. The park offers multiple stages, miles of trails and over for camping, hiking, canoe and kayak rentals on the river, horseback riding, a restaurant and country store. Besides a variety of other flora and fauna it includes a large bat house which has become a home to an increasing number of bats. The Cornett family has been making improvements

"Suwannee Hulaween"
Suwannee Hulaween Suwannee Hulaween is an annual music and camping festival over Halloween weekend, featuring the Spirit Lake® visual arts extravaganza, taking place at The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL and is hosted by The String Cheese Incident. The festival, hosted by The String Cheese Incident and produced by Silver Wrapper and Purple Hat Productions, is held outdoors on five stages and allows the attendees to camp onsite for the weekend. The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park campground is over 800 acres and offers a wide range of options for camping, RV with full

"Wanee Music Festival"
Wanee Music Festival Wanee Festival is an annual event held since 2005 at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, in Live Oak, Florida. The festival was hosted by the Allman Brothers Band until 2014 and is managed by Live Nation. On November 5th, 2018 it was announced via the Wanee website that the festival would not be occurring at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in 2019, citing the religious holidays of Easter and Passover as the reason the festival was cancelled. No plans for future Wanee Festivals have been announced. The festival, hosted by the Allman Brothers

that Suwannee used RFID chipped wristbands. Suwannee Hulaween Suwannee Hulaween is an annual music and camping festival over Halloween weekend, featuring the Spirit Lake® visual arts extravaganza, taking place at The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL and is hosted by The String Cheese Incident. The festival, hosted by The String Cheese Incident and produced by Silver Wrapper and Purple Hat Productions, is held outdoors on five stages and allows the attendees to camp onsite for the weekend. The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park campground is over 800 acres and offers a wide range of

"Nokuse Plantation"
Nokuse Plantation Nokuse Plantation is a nature preserve in northwest Florida's Walton County. It consists of approximately and is the largest privately owned nature preserve in the Southeastern United States. Founded in 2000, it is funded by timber and oil commodities trader, Marion Clifton Davis and his wife, Stella Davis, who both became deeply interested in ecology. Its name, Nokuse, is the Native American word for black bear in the Muscogee language, an umbrella species on the preserve. Its purpose is to ""restore and preserve viable ecosystems"" and ""support native plants and animals, from common species to rare, endemic species""

"Kullihoma Grounds"
which had been played by Native Americans in the Southeast long before the coming of Europeans, was reintroduced at the Kullihoma reunion. Kullihoma Grounds Kullihoma Grounds consists of owned by the Chickasaw Nation, located east of Ada, Oklahoma. The land was purchased in 1936, and the Chickasaw built traditional tribal dwellings on the site, and used it as a stomp ground. Traditional Chickasaw households consisted of summer and winter houses and a corn crib. A circular council house also exists on site. Prior to 1936, the Green Corn Ceremony was practiced on this land. The Choctaw and Chickasaw people use

Marvel Years, Artifakts, Prophet Massive, Vlad The Inhaler, Wyllys, Willie Evans Jr., Lusid, Digital Sykline, Brox, Cry Havoc, Lady Miaou, Austen Van Der Bleek, Lava, Rocks 'N' Blunts, Ployd, Walley Meskel, Aurakull, Booty Boo 2016 was the first year the Suwannee park implemented a cap on the number of tickets sold. The cap was 20,000 tickets. The 2017 festival held October 27th – October 29th with a theme of ""Night of The Loving Dead"" featuring The String Cheese Incident (3 nights), Damian ""Jr. Gong"" Marley, Bassnectar, Ween, GRiZ, Run The Jewels, Nick Murphy (Chet Faker), RL Grime, Portugal. The Man,

"Neverland Ranch"
indicated that Colony Capital had invested only $22.5 million in the property. In any event, reliable sources indicate that Colony is the majority owner. Kyle Forsyth, Colony's project manager, described the estate's Tudor-style buildings and savannah-like grasslands as ""English country manor meets Kenya."" Eventually, Colony hopes to sell the ranch, located in Santa Barbara County, in its entirety. Subdividing it, says Mr. Forsyth, ""would destroy it."" Since 2009, the Neverland Ranch rides Balloon Samba, Jeeps, Wave Swinger and Dinos have been featured attractions at the California State Fair in Sacramento. Following Jackson's death, press reports during June 28–29, 2009, claimed

Mangoba
Mangoba Mangoba can be either a surname or a first name. In the Philippines it is an indigenous surname. It is not known if the name has a meaning in any of the numerous languages and dialects of the Philippines, and the name is not found in local dictionaries. It is commonly pronounced by Filipinos as ""Ma-ngo-ba"". However, people whose first language is English usually say ""Man-go-ba"" or ""Mang-GOH-buh"". On the other side of the globe, the name Mangoba is a common first name of African males, although it is spelt more commonly as ""Manqoba"" rather than Mangoba. It is

Pascoal
Pascoal Pascoal is a masculine given name and a surname in Portuguese language. It is the Portuguese form of the name Pascal (French, English, Italian), Pascual (Spanish), Pasquale (Italian), Pasqual (Catalan, Venetian). Pascoal derives from the Latin ""paschalis"" or ""pashalis"", which means ""relating to Easter"" from Latin ""pascha"" (""Easter""), Greek ""Πάσχα"", Aramaic ""pasḥā"", in turn from the Hebrew ""pesach"", which means ""to be born on, or to be associated with, Passover day"". Since the Hebrew holiday Passover coincides closely with the later Christian holiday of Easter, the Latin word came to be used for both occasions. Pascoal may refer to:

"Bač (name)"
Bulgaria, there is a well-known tourist destination - the Orthodox monastery Bachkovo. There are also many South Slavic surnames beginning with letters ""bač-"", such are: Bača, Bačanac, Bačani, Bačanin, Bačanović, Bačar, Bačarević, Baček, Bačevac, Bačević, Bačikin, Bačinić, Bačinski, Bačić, Bačkalov, Bačko, Bačkonja, Bačković, Bačkulja, Bačlija, Bačlić, Bačujkov, Bačulov, Bačvanin, Bačvanović, Bačvanski, Bačvarević, etc. Bač (name) Bač (Бач), pronounced in English as ""Bach"", was a historical Slavic personal name whose existence was documented in the Middle Ages. It is not certain whether the language of this name is Slavic, Paleo-Balkanic or Romanian. The name was recorded in Serbia in the 14th

Bač (name) Bač (Бач), pronounced in English as ""Bach"", was a historical Slavic personal name whose existence was documented in the Middle Ages. It is not certain whether the language of this name is Slavic, Paleo-Balkanic or Romanian. The name was recorded in Serbia in the 14th century in the medieval Serbian documents known as the second and third ""Dečanska hrisovulja"". Same documents also recorded the surname ""Bačević"" (""the son of Bač""), which indicate that the name was used in the previous time period as well. The wide usage of this personal name among South Slavs in the past is

"Costa (surname)"
Costa (surname) Costa (, , , , ), sometimes da Costa or Da Costa, is an Italian (particularly in Liguria, Piedmont and Sardinia), Portuguese, Galician, Spanish and Catalan surname. Because of colonization and immigration, it is found throughout Latin America, being particularly common in Brazil and Argentina. It is also a surname chosen by Jews, due to Roman Catholic conversions. There is also an unrelated Lebanese 'Costa' surname. In Italy, Portugal, Galicia and Catalonia it is derived from the Latin word , ""rib"", which has come to mean ""slope, coast"", in Romance languages. In the rest of Spain it comes

"Baca family of New Mexico"
26 October 1754, the oldest son of Juan Antonio Baca and Maria Romero. He had over 20 children by three different wives. The Cabeza de Baca family are often known by the abbreviated surnames of either C. de Baca or de Baca. The surname ""Baca"" is often assumed to be a variation of the name ""Cabeza de Vaca."" Cabeza de Vaca means ""head of a cow"" in Spanish. There are two possible origins of this name: Some researchers have discovered an erroneous link between Crístobal Baca’s wife Ana Ortíz and Christopher Columbus, among others. As noted previously, Ana Ortíz was

the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:1,531) in the following autonomous communities: Costa (surname) Costa (, , , , ), sometimes da Costa or Da Costa, is an Italian (particularly in Liguria, Piedmont and Sardinia), Portuguese, Galician, Spanish and Catalan surname. Because of colonization and immigration, it is found throughout Latin America, being particularly common in Brazil and Argentina. It is also a surname chosen by Jews, due to Roman Catholic conversions. There is also an unrelated Lebanese 'Costa' surname. In Italy, Portugal, Galicia and Catalonia it is derived from the Latin word , ""rib"", which

"Quinta da Bica"
grandson Manuel Ferraz de Figueiredo. Thus, the third ""de facto"" owner of the estate was, ""de jure"", its first lord. The estate's rules of succession gave preference to male heirs, as was usual, but, in their absence, did not exclude female heirs. The estate hence passed from the Ferraz de Figueiredo lineage to the Gonçalves Santiago lineage, and later on to the Sacadura Botte lineage, in which it remains to this day. Quinta da Bica The Quinta da Bica is a Portuguese estate, located near Seia, in the Beira region. It is the origin of the reputed ""Quinta da Bica""

"Bácum"
Bácum Bácum is a small city and the county seat of Bácum Municipality, located in the south of the Mexican state of Sonora at . It is one of eight mission villages founded in the early seventeenth century by colonial Spanish Jesuit missionaries for the Indian Reductions of the Yaqui people. The Yaqui developed their own syncretic form of the religion. The town of Bácum is one of the eight historical Spanish mission towns of the Yaqui Indians, founded in 1617 by the Jesuit missionaries Andrés Pérez de Ribas and Tomás Basilio. They called it Santa Rosa de Bácum. In

same name, with Jon Favreau directing. The following month, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write the script for the film. Favreau originally planned shoot it back to back with the sequel to ""The Jungle Book"". However, it was reported in early 2017 that the latter film was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on ""The Lion King"". In February 2017, Favreau announced that Donald Glover had been cast as Simba and that James Earl Jones would be reprising the role of Mufasa. The following month, it was reported that was Favreau's top choice to voice

"Jonathan Taylor Thomas"
Jonathan Taylor Thomas Jonathan Taylor Thomas (born Jonathan Taylor Weiss; September 8, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, and director. He is known for portraying Randy Taylor on ""Home Improvement"" and voicing young Simba in Disney's 1994 film ""The Lion King"". Thomas was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the son of Claudine (born Gonsalves), a personal manager and social worker, and Stephen Weiss, an industrial sales manager. The two divorced in 1991. His uncle is playwright and actor Jeff Weiss. Thomas has Pennsylvania Dutch (German) and Portuguese ancestry. In 2000, Thomas graduated with honors from Chaminade College Preparatory School in

"The Lion King II: Simba's Pride"
bored, apart from the zesty addition of Suzanne Pleshette as the scheming Zira. The overall result is OK for kids, who will enjoy the low humor provided by the comical meerkat Timon and the flatulent warthog Pumbaa, but it could have been so much better."" Writing for ""Variety"", Joe Leydon commented in his review ""In marked contrast to most of the studio's small screen sequels to bigscreen animated hits, the new pic isn't merely kids' stuff. Not unlike its predecessor, ""Lion King II"" has enough across-the-board appeal to entertain viewers of all ages."" Caryn James of ""The New York Times""

Simba
could come back in a very heroic way."" Minkoff recalled that the actor ""was able to humanize the hero character ... and give Simba a lot of depth"", preventing the hero from ""becoming 2-dimensional"" using ""brought a great deal of sensitivity and thoughtfulness to the role along with sincerity and a sense of humor."" Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom ""Home Improvement"" at the time, was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba. His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn. Despite often singing in

Simba
his work, Broderick opted not to perform his own vocals in the film. Toto lead singer Joseph Williams and actor Jason Weaver were hired to dub their respective singing voices. Williams' voice is heard on the song ""Can You Feel the Love Tonight"". Impressed by Weaver's performance as a young Michael Jackson in the miniseries """", songwriters Elton John and Tim Rice recruited him to record ""I Just Can't Wait to Be King"" and ""Hakuna Matata"" while the film was still in its early stages of production. As directors, Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff worked closely with the actors in

Simba
Lion King""s place as an utterly timeless piece of work."" James Berardinelli of ""ReelViews"" enjoyed the fact that the film focuses more on the story of Simba himself as opposed to the romantic relationship developing between the character and Nala. However, Berardinelli criticized Matthew Broderick's vocal performance, describing it as ""nondescript."" Rob Humanick of Slant Magazine hailed the fact that ""it's never laid on [Simba] that his time as king will directly correspond with the eventual passing of his father"" as one of the film's ""most important facets."" However, he criticized ""The Lion King""s characters, describing them as well-designed but

"Jason Raize"
Jason Raize Jason Raize Rothenberg (July 20, 1975 – February 3, 2004), known professionally as Jason Raize, was an American actor, singer and former Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. He was best known for his roles as the adult Simba in the Broadway stage musical version of ""The Lion King"" and the voice of Denahi in the animated Disney film ""Brother Bear"". Born Jason Raize Rothenberg, in Oneonta, New York, he grew up in the Catskills in upstate New York and started acting as a teenager, when his stepmother enrolled him in a summer Shakespeare workshop. In

"Paddington 2"
Paddington 2 Paddington 2 is a 2017 live-action animated comedy film, directed by Paul King and written by King and Simon Farnaby. Based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear, created by Michael Bond, it is the sequel to ""Paddington"" (2014), and is produced by Heyday Films and StudioCanal UK. The film was released in cinemas and IMAX. The film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of Paddington, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Brendan Gleeson, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Hugh Grant in live-action roles. In the film, Paddington tries to get a present for his aunt's

Simba
deliver the direction of the character."" Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of adult Simba. The first actor to be assigned to ""The Lion King"", Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland, where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba. The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was ""perfect"" for the role; according to producer Don Hahn, Broderick's voice resembled ""the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable, but you also felt that he

daughter Kiara, who falls in love with Kovu, a male rogue lion from a banished pride that was once loyal to Simba's evil uncle, Scar. Separated by Simba's prejudice against the banished pride and a vindictive plot planned by Kovu's mother Zira, Kiara and Kovu struggle to unite their estranged prides and be together. Most of the original cast returned to their roles from the first film, apart from Rowan Atkinson, who was replaced by Edward Hibbert as the voice of Zazu for this film and its prequel/sequel, ""The Lion King 1½"" and Jeremy Irons, who was briefly replaced by

"Amazon (company)"
Amazon (company) Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is a multinational technology company focusing in e-commerce, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence in Seattle, Washington. It has been called one of the Big Four or ""Four Horsemen"" of technology along with Apple, Alphabet and Facebook due to its market capitalization, disruptive innovation, brand equity and hyper-competitive application process. It is the largest e-commerce marketplace and cloud computing platform in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization. Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994, and started as an online bookstore but later diversified to sell video

"Jeff Bezos"
Jeff Bezos Jeffrey Preston Bezos (; born Jorgensen; January 12, 1964) is an American technology entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Amazon. Bezos was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and raised in Houston, Texas. He graduated from Princeton University in 1986 with degrees in electrical engineering and computer science. He worked on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. He founded Amazon in late 1994 on a cross-country road trip from New York City to Seattle. The company began as an online bookstore and has

"Joy Covey"
when she was struck by a delivery van while cycling on a road in California. Covey served as the treasurer of Natural Resources Defense Council at the time of her death. She had a son, Tyler, who was 8 at the time of her death. Covey was a pilot. Joy Covey Joy Covey (April 25, 1963 September 18, 2013) was an American business executive, best known as Amazon's first chief financial officer. Covey was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in San Mateo, California. She dropped out of school at 15 and moved to Fresno, California and began working

"Rick Dalzell"
to Dalzell written by Amazon.com CEO Jeff Bezos. Rick Dalzell Rick Dalzell (born 1957) was the Chief Information Officer and Senior Vice President of Amazon.com from 1997 until November 2007. During his 10 years at Amazon.com he was the driving force behind the growth of technology, software and services. Dalzell had been a corporate officer at Amazon since August 1997, when he was named Vice President (VP) and Chief Information Officer (CIO). He was styled a Senior VP in October 2000 and was named to Senior VP, Worldwide Architecture and Platform Software & CIO, in November 2001. He retired from

off any regrets for not participating sooner in the Internet business boom during that time. In 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co., a Wall Street firm, and moved to Seattle, Washington, where he began to work on a business plan for what would become Amazon.com. On July 5, 1994, Bezos initially incorporated the company in Washington State with the name Cadabra, Inc. He later changed the name to Amazon.com, Inc. a few months later, after a lawyer misheard its original name as ""cadaver"". In September 1994, Bezos purchased the URL Relentless.com and briefly

Rick Dalzell Rick Dalzell (born 1957) was the Chief Information Officer and Senior Vice President of Amazon.com from 1997 until November 2007. During his 10 years at Amazon.com he was the driving force behind the growth of technology, software and services. Dalzell had been a corporate officer at Amazon since August 1997, when he was named Vice President (VP) and Chief Information Officer (CIO). He was styled a Senior VP in October 2000 and was named to Senior VP, Worldwide Architecture and Platform Software & CIO, in November 2001. He retired from Amazon.com on November 16, 2007. Prior to joining

"Andy Jassy"
James Brandt officiating at Loews Santa Monica Beach Hotel. Andy Jassy Andrew R. Jassy (born 1967/68) is an American businessman, and the CEO of Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon's cloud computing business. Andrew R. Jassy is the son of Margery and Everett L. Jassy of Scarsdale, New York. His father is a senior partner in the corporate law firm Dewey Ballantine in New York, and chairman of the firm's management committee. Jassy grew up in Scarsdale, in the suburbs of New York. He was educated at Scarsdale High School, and graduated in 1986. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard

In September 2017, Amazon announced plans to locate a second headquarters in a metropolitan area with at least a million people. Cities needed to submit their presentations by October 19, 2017 for the project called HQ2. The $5 billion second headquarters, starting with 500,000 square feet and eventually expanding to as much as 8 million square feet, may have as many as 50,000 employees. In 2017, Amazon announced it would build a new downtown Seattle building with space for Mary's Place, a local charity in 2020. At the end of 2017, Amazon had over 566,000 employees worldwide. According to an

Douglas Hofstadter's ""Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought"". In the first two months of business, Amazon sold to all 50 states and over 45 countries. Within two months, Amazon's sales were up to $20,000/week. In October 1995, the company announced itself to the public. In 1996, it was reincorporated in Delaware. Amazon issued its initial public offering of stock on May 15, 1997, at $18 per share, trading under the NASDAQ stock exchange symbol AMZN. Barnes & Noble sued Amazon on May 12, 1997, alleging that Amazon's claim to be ""the world's largest

"Amazon HQ2"
2018, Amazon announced that HQ2 would be split into two locations, with 25,000 workers at each: National Landing, a future neighborhood including Crystal City in Arlington, Virginia; and Long Island City, in Queens, New York City. Amazon.com was founded in 1994 in Bellevue, Washington, and moved to leased space in the SoDo neighborhood of Seattle. As the company grew, it went through a series of office moves around Downtown Seattle, until announcing a move to a purpose-built headquarters campus in the South Lake Union neighborhood, then a light industrial enclave undergoing urban renewal. , Amazon occupies of office space in

"Tri-Cities, Washington"
eateries, coffee), progressing fine arts and an emphasis on outdoor recreation with natural preservation. Historical combined population of Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland. As of April 1, 2014, the population of Kennewick was estimated at 77,700 according to the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division. As of the 2010 census, there were 73,917 people, and by census estimates of 2000, 20,786 households, and 14,176 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,384.9 people per square mile (920.9/km²). There were 22,043 housing units at an average density of 961.2 per square mile (371.2/km²). The racial makeup of the

estimate of MSA population of Tri-Cities is 283,846. This is over a 12% increase from 2010. (2016 US MSA estimates) 2017 estimates now show Tri-Cities as over 300,000. The combined population of the three major cities themselves was 193,567 at the 2010 Census. As of April 1, 2016, the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division estimates the cities as having a combined population of 217,430 The Tri-Cities Airport located in Pasco provides the region with commercial and private air service. Pasco is the seat of Franklin County, while the other two cities are located in Benton County. In

of 2010, there were 48,058 people, and according to the 2000 census, 15,549 households, and 10,682 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,111.8 people per square mile (429.2/km²). There were 16,458 housing units at an average density of 472.7 per square mile (182.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.55% White, 1.37% African American, 0.76% Native American, 4.06% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.85% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 4.72% of the population. There were 15,549 households out of which 34.1% had children under the

Tri-Cities, Washington The Tri-Cities are three closely tied citiesKennewick, Pasco, and Richlandlocated at the confluence of the Yakima, Snake, and Columbia Rivers in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Each city borders one-another, making the Tri-Cities seem like one uninterrupted mid-sized city. The three cities function as the center of the Tri-Cities metropolitan area, which consists of Franklin and Benton Counties. The Tri-Cities urban area consists of the city of West Richland, the CDPs of West Pasco and Finley, as well as the CDP of Burbank, despite the latter being located in the Walla Walla metropolitan area. The official 2016

a median income of $41,589 versus $26,022 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,152. About 9.7% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over. As of April 1, 2014, the population of Pasco was estimated at 67,770, according to the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division. As of the census of 2010, there were 59,781 people, and according to the 2000 census results, 9,619 households, and 7,262 families residing in the city. The population density

"Tri-Cities metropolitan area"
Tri-Cities metropolitan area The Kennewick–Richland, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Benton and Franklin Counties in Washington State, anchored by the cities of Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland (The Tri-Cities). As of April 1, 2017, the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division estimates the population of the metropolitan area to be 283,830, making it the third-largest metropolitan area located entirely in Washington, after the Seattle metropolitan area and the Spokane metropolitan area. Although it is located outside of the Metropolitan area, the CDP (Census-designated place) of Burbank, is

city was 82.93% White, 1.14% Black or African American, 0.93% Native American, 2.12% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 9.4% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. 15.55% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 20,786 households out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The

were 104.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $34,540, and the median income for a family was $37,342. Males had a median income of $29,016 versus $22,186 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,404. About 19.5% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.4% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over. As of April 1, 2014, the population of Richland was estimated at 52,090, according to the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division. As of the census

contribution to the nuclear history of the United States. The confluence of the Snake, Yakima, and Columbia rivers provides ample opportunity for boating, fishing, and swimming. Free boat launches can be found throughout all of the cities. The Tri-Cities is home to seven river-front parks and various other parks and playgrounds. Three skate parks are located in the area; two in Kennewick and one in Richland. Highlands Grange Park is a Kennewick city owned Public Park between 14th and 19th streets off of Union in Kennewick. This park covers , serving the surrounding new and old communities of approximately 13,000

was 1,141.9 people per square mile (440.9/km²). There were 10,341 housing units at an average density of 368.2 per square mile (142.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.76% White, 3.22% African American, 0.77% Native American, 1.77% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 37.44% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 56.26% of the population. There were 9,619 households out of which 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were

"Rick and Morty"
Rick and Morty Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his good-hearted but fretful grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. In May 2018, the series was picked up for an additional 70 episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris

Parnell, Spencer Grammer and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family. The series originated from an animated short parody film of ""Back to the Future"", ""The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,"" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon. When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short. The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity and humor. The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth,

"Rick and Morty (season 3)"
Rick and Morty (season 3) The third season of ""Rick and Morty"", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with ""The Rickshank Rickdemption"", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left

"Rick and Morty (season 2)"
Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series ""Rick and Morty"" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with ""A Rickle in Time"", and concluded on October 4 with ""The Wedding Squanchers"". This season aired a total of ten episodes. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Jay Johnson, Tom Kenny, Jill Talley, Paul F. Tompkins, Scott Chernoff, Ryan Elder, Will

afternoon drive in various radio markets around the United States. The show also airs replays on weekends on select stations. Rick and Bubba call themselves """"The Two Sexiest Fat Men Alive."""" They often refer to their Christian faith and beliefs on air and have been regarded as a family-safe alternative to ""shock jocks"" often associated with morning radio. Their political beliefs are also very conservative. On February 11, 2008, the broadcast location of the show moved to the ""Rick and Bubba Broadcast Plaza and Teleport"" in Vestavia Hills, which houses the studio as well as management offices for the show.

Jennings, Maurice LaMarche, Tress MacNeille, Ryan Ridley, Kari Wahlgren, John Kassir, Dawnn Lewis, Nolan North, Rob Paulsen, Gary Anthony Williams, Tony Barbieri, Kevin Michael Richardson, Jevin Smith, Tara Strong, Dan Benson, Dan Harmon, Jess Harnell, Phil Hendrie, William Holmes, Cassie Steele, Mike McCaffery, Brandon Johnson, James Atkinson, Rob Schrab and Arin Hanson. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2014, the series was renewed for a second season that began on July 26, 2015. Wes Archer, Dominic Polcino, Bryan Newton and Juan Meza-León served as directors, while series co-creators Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Matt Roller, David Phillips, Ryan Ridley, Mike McMahan, Tom Kauffman,

"Pickle Rick"
to confusion when the third-season premiere was released on April 1, 2017, and showed Rick escaping in a very different way. Three weeks prior to the episode's airing, free ""Pickle Rick"" T-shirts and other merchandise were given away at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con. The episode first aired on Adult Swim at 11:30 p.m. on August 6, 2017, where it was watched by 2.31 million viewers. Zach Blumenfeld of ""Paste"" calls the episode ""arguably the most eagerly anticipated ""Rick and Morty episode ever"""" due to the large amount of episode content released by Adult Swim before it premiered. Green calls

"Rick and Morty (season 1)"
Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, ""Rick and Morty"" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on December 2, 2013 with ""Pilot"" and ended on April 14, 2014 with ""Ricksy Business"", with a total of eleven episodes. The first season received critical acclaim. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Eric Bauza, Dan Harmon, Phil Hendrie, Brandon Johnson, Ryan Ridley,

"The Rickshank Rickdemption"
The Rickshank Rickdemption ""The Rickshank Rickdemption"" is the first episode in the third season of the American animated television sitcom ""Rick and Morty"", and the twenty-second episode overall in the series. It was written by Mike McMahan and directed by Juan Meza-Leon. The season three premiere first aired unannounced on Adult Swim in the United States on April 1, 2017 when it was watched by 676,000 American households. On the first day of its original broadcast, ""The Rickshank Rickdemption"" was replayed every half hour from 8pm to 12am ET with improved ratings, as a part of Adult Swim's annual April

that they would be able to focus on the show and minimize their involvement in other projects. After prolonged contract negotiations, Adult Swim announced a long-term deal with the creators in May 2018, ordering 70 new episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Talking about the upcoming fourth season a few months earlier, Harmon had said that he wishes for it to consist of more than ten episodes, and writer Ryan Ridley had said that he does not expect it to air any sooner than late 2019. ""Rick and Morty"" was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon. The duo

"The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song)"
The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song) ""The Way You Move"" is a song by American recording artist Ne-Yo. The song features American singers Trey Songz and T-Pain. The official video for the song premiered on October 27, 2011, on Ne-Yo's official VEVO channel. The song was released to iTunes as a promotional single on November 15, it was originally recorded to be part of the track list of the album ""R.E.D. (Realizing Every Dream)"", but later the song was removed of the final track list 2011. For the week ending November 19, 2011, ""The Way You Move"" debuted at number

"Let's Move!"
salsa, dancehall, and the running man."" The music video for ""Move Your Body"" takes place as a four-minute long flash mob. The video begins during lunch hour at what looks like a junior high cafeteria. Everything is status quo until Beyoncé, wearing short shorts and green knee-high socks, enters the cafeteria doors to begin the song. After Beyoncé's entry, all the kids jump to their feet, following along as Beyoncé leads the group through all kinds of dances. The instructional video was distributed to participating schools across the country on May 3, 2011, during a 'dance-in'. Beyoncé was at P.S.

one on the South Korean International Singles Chart, selling over 119,000 digital downloads. The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song) ""The Way You Move"" is a song by American recording artist Ne-Yo. The song features American singers Trey Songz and T-Pain. The official video for the song premiered on October 27, 2011, on Ne-Yo's official VEVO channel. The song was released to iTunes as a promotional single on November 15, it was originally recorded to be part of the track list of the album ""R.E.D. (Realizing Every Dream)"", but later the song was removed of the final track list 2011. For

"How She Move"
MySpace page, the official track listing is as follows: How She Move How She Move is a 2007 drama film directed by Ian Iqbal Rashid and starring Rutina Wesley, Clé Bennett and Romina D'Ugo. The film showcases the street culture of step dancing. The film is produced by Celluloid Dreams, Sienna Films, Paramount Vantage and MTV Films. Unable to afford the tuition needed to fund her private school education, Rayanna or Raya (Rutina Wesley) returns to her family home in the city while reluctantly re-evaluating her future. Upon learning that the top prize for an upcoming step-dancing competition is $50,000,

"Move (Luke Bryan song)"
the Hot Country Songs chart at number 43 in August 2015 and became available for download with the release of the album ""Kill the Lights"", selling 8,000 copies in its first week. It re-entered the chart at number 42 nearly a year later after being released as a single. The song has sold 254,000 copies in the US as of January 2017. The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in September 2016. The video features Luke performing in a club with his band and a female dancer dancing next door. The dancer then breaks through the wall

"The Way You Move"
features Sleepy Brown singing in style inspired by the work of Motown star Marvin Gaye. The song's music video, directed by Bryan Barber, features Big Boi as the proprietor of a rim shop. The video's performance shots eventually gravitate to other locations during the video's running time, featuring several young women who Big Boi, dressed in a pimp's suit, attempts to pick up. The video features an appearance from Fonzworth Bentley and another from actress Ki Toy Johnson. ""The Way You Move"" music video was designed to be shown in tandem with the video for André 3000's ""Hey Ya!"". A

How She Move How She Move is a 2007 drama film directed by Ian Iqbal Rashid and starring Rutina Wesley, Clé Bennett and Romina D'Ugo. The film showcases the street culture of step dancing. The film is produced by Celluloid Dreams, Sienna Films, Paramount Vantage and MTV Films. Unable to afford the tuition needed to fund her private school education, Rayanna or Raya (Rutina Wesley) returns to her family home in the city while reluctantly re-evaluating her future. Upon learning that the top prize for an upcoming step-dancing competition is $50,000, Raya uses her impressive moves to earn a coveted

"Move Your Body (Sia song)"
Mall in 1987, and features a girl (portrayed by Lilliana Ketchman) and her parents in a glamour photo shoot until she runs off set, where she finds Sia's signature black-and-blonde wig in a dressing room and tries it on. She then photobombs strangers' posed pictures until her parents drag her away, but the strangers invite her back for even more photos and dance along with her. It is notable that the girl elects to leave her shoes behind; most of the dance moves expected of her require precise footwork that cannot be done in the sneakers the girl is wearing,

"Make Your Move (film)"
Make Your Move (film) Make Your Move (formerly called Cobu 3D, also known as Make Your Move 3D), is a ""Romeo and Juliet""-inspired 2013 South Korean-American independent dance film starring K-pop singer BoA and ballroom dancer Derek Hough. The film was directed by Duane Adler who wrote the script for the movies ""Save the Last Dance"" (2001) and ""Step Up"" (2006). Hough took season twelve off of the show ""Dancing with the Stars"" to star in the film, which was shot in New York City and Toronto during the spring of 2011. Aside from the lead stars, singer Yunho from

"She Wants to Move"
It received substantial airplay on MTV. In Australia, the song was ranked #63 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004. The video for the song features British singer, rapper and television personality Alesha Dixon. This song was featured in a party scene in the movie ""Coach Carter"", as well as in an episode of ""Six Feet Under,"" ""The Black Forest."" In 2005, ""Hitch"" featured the Mac & Toolz remix of this song in the film, but it was not included on the soundtrack album. Amongst the other remixes were one by the record label DFA Records which featured in the

"St. Louis"
won 19 National League (NL) titles (the most pennants for the league franchise in one city) and 11 World Series titles (second only to the New York Yankees and the most by any NL franchise), most recently in 2011. They play at Busch Stadium. Previously, the St. Louis Browns played in the American League (AL) from 1902 to 1953, before moving to Baltimore, Maryland to become the current incarnation of the Orioles. The 1944 World Series was an all-St. Louis World Series, matching up the St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Browns at Sportsman's Park, won by the Cardinals in

six games. The St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL) play at the Enterprise Center. They were one of the six teams added to the NHL in the 1967 expansion. The Blues have never won the Stanley Cup, and are the oldest team not to do so. Prior to the Blues, the city was home to the St. Louis Eagles. The team only played in the 1934-35 season. St. Louis has been home to four different National Football League (NFL) teams. The St. Louis All-Stars played in the city in 1923, the St. Louis Gunners in 1934, the

and is the repository of over 56 million military personnel records and medical records pertaining to retired, discharged, and deceased veterans of the U.S. armed forces. The city of St. Louis has, , the highest murder rate, per capita, in the United States, with 188 homicides in 2015 (59.3 homicides per 100,000) and ranks No. 13 of the most dangerous cities in the world by homicide rate. Detroit, Flint, Memphis, Oakland, and some smaller cities with fewer than 100,000 population (ex. Camden) have higher overall violent crime rates than St. Louis, when comparing other crimes such as rape, robbery, and

make up 2.2% of St. Louis's population. They have the highest concentration in the Dutchtown, Benton Park West (Cherokee Street), and Gravois Park neighborhoods. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $29,156, and the median income for a family was $32,585. Males had a median income of $31,106; females, $26,987. Per capita income was $18,108. Some 19% of the city's housing units were vacant, and slightly less than half of these were vacant structures not for sale or rent. In 2010, St. Louis's per-capita rates of online charitable donations and volunteerism were among the highest

"St. Louis Cardinals"
leaders in television ratings and attendance every season."" Concurrent with the growth of Major League Baseball, the Cardinals value has increased significantly since the Baur-DeWitt purchase. In 2000, the franchise was valued at $219 million, a growth rate of 374% through 2014. The franchise's value grew 12.7% from 2013 to 2014. The ""Forbes"" methodology of team values are enterprise values (equity plus net debt) that include the economics of the ballpark but exclude the value of real estate itself. Forbes does not include the value of team-owned regional sports networks. The league's ownership in Major League Baseball Advanced Media (100%)

been the rapid increase in suburbanization. According to the 2010 United States Census, St. Louis had 319,294 people living in 142,057 households, of which 67,488 households were families. The population density was 5,158.2 people per square mile (1,990.6/km²). About 24% of the population was 19 or younger, 9% were 20 to 24, 31% were 25 to 44, 25% were 45 to 64, and 11% were 65 or older. The median age was about 34 years. The population was about 49.2% African American, 43.9% White (42.2% Non-Hispanic White), 2.9% Asian, 0.3% Native American/Alaska Native, and 2.4% reporting two or more races.

record in 1998, and the 2011 championship team's unprecedented comebacks. The Cardinals have won 105 or more games in four different seasons and won 100 or more a total of nine times. Cardinals players have won 20 league MVPs, four batting Triple Crowns, and three Cy Young Awards. Baseball Hall of Fame inductees include Lou Brock, Dizzy Dean, Bob Gibson, Whitey Herzog, Rogers Hornsby, Joe Medwick, Stan Musial, Branch Rickey, Red Schoendienst, Ozzie Smith, and Bruce Sutter. In 2018, ""Forbes"" valued the Cardinals at $1.9 billion, making them the 7th-most valuable franchise in MLB; their revenue the previous year was

St. Louis Cardinals from 1960 to 1987, and the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The football Cardinals advanced to the NFL playoffs just three times (1974, 1975 and 1982), never hosting or winning in any appearance. The Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams played at the Edward Jones Dome from 1995 to 2015 and went on to win Super Bowl XXXIV. The Rams returned to Los Angeles, California in 2016. The St. Louis Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) played at Kiel Auditorium from 1955 to 1968. They won the NBA championship in 1958

the growth of the St. Louis economy. According to the 2007 Economic Census, manufacturing in the city conducted nearly $11 billion in business, followed by the health care and social service industry with $3.5 billion, professional or technical services with $3.1 billion, and the retail trade with $2.5 billion. The health care sector was the biggest employer in the area with 34,000 workers, followed by administrative and support jobs, 24,000; manufacturing, 21,000, and food service, 20,000. , the St. Louis Metropolitan Area is home to ten Fortune 500 companies, the 7th largest Fortune 500 city in the United States. Some

"History of St. Louis"
2011, with performances by Jay Leno and Aretha Franklin. In January 1995, Georgia Frontiere, the owner of the National Football League team known as the Los Angeles Rams (now St. Louis Rams), announced she would move that team to St. Louis. The team replaced the St. Louis Cardinals (now Arizona Cardinals), an NFL franchise that had moved to St. Louis in 1960 but departed for Arizona in 1988. The Rams played their first game in their St. Louis stadium, the Edward Jones Dome, on October 22, 1996. Starting in the early 1980s, more rehabilitation and construction projects began, some of

"Glee (season 4)"
""Blaine's Time Capsule"" and """"Glee"" Premiere Party!"". After Cory Monteith’s death on July 13, 2013, they decided to re-design the Season 4 DVD cover art to include an image of Finn. However, this change has altered the release date. Glee (season 4) The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series ""Glee"" was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. The series features the

Glee (season 4) The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series ""Glee"" was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima, Ohio. The fourth season continues in Lima with a new generation of students but will also follow some of the McKinley graduates from

Factor"" in the fall and ""American Idol"" in midseason. The season premiered on September 13, 2012 with the second episode of the season serving as the show's second Britney Spears tribute, featuring eight of her songs. In the UK, ""Glee"" airs as part of Sky 1 Sundays at 8pm and broadcast began on January 6, 2013. Some changes were made to the show's writing staff. Marti Noxon announced that she would no longer be a writer or consulting producer on the show, and co-executive producer and writer Ali Adler stated that she would be scaling back her work on ""Glee""

to focus on her new NBC comedy ""The New Normal"", which she co-created with Murphy. On July 14, 2012, Glee attended the San Diego Comic-Con in California. Co-creator Brad Falchuk revealed that Damian McGinty (Rory) would not be returning in the fall but stated he could return in the spring. Falchuk announced that Vanessa Lengies (Sugar) and Samuel Larsen (Joe) would be returning. Falchuk also had aspirations to bring back Alex Newell (Wade) at some point during season four. Other season details include the following: Sue had her baby when season four commenced; episodes alternated between Ohio and New York,

not in relationships. And I think with a lot of them we will be exploring that. Whether they break up or not, we’re really focused on giving them more individual stories."" Season four of Glee began filming on Tuesday, July 24, 2012. A substantial amount of exterior shots depicting New York City will be shot on location in that city. Studio recording for the season began earlier, by July 19, 2012, with Jenna Ushkowitz and Heather Morris recording on that day. Fox credits fourteen main cast members for the season: Matthew Morrison as glee club director Will Schuester; Jane Lynch

of the just-graduated characters to New York, and will be set at a performing arts school (NYADA) there. The Ohio portion of the show will feature a number of new characters. Co-creator Ryan Murphy has confirmed that all regular cast members from the third season will be returning to the show for its fourth season, though ""it doesn't mean everyone will be doing 22 episodes"". Fox announced on May 14, 2012, that ""Glee"" would be moving to Thursday nights at 9 pm ET for the fourth season. Episodes aired after that evening's 8 pm ET music competition ""results"" shows—""The X

cast members for this season. Agron and Jayma Mays, who continued to appear as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury, were credited as guest stars this season rather than as series regulars. This season marked the final appearance of Cory Monteith on the show before his death on July 13, 2013. The season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards including one for Lynch's performance as Sue Sylvester and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The fourth season will continue to be set at McKinley High in Ohio and follow several

"Glee (TV series)"
Terri, and Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling, and Jenna Ushkowitz as eight club members. The main cast was altered throughout the series. The series was created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Ian Brennan, the latter of whom first conceived of ""Glee"" as a film. The three wrote all of the show's episodes for the first two seasons, and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show's main directors. The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19, 2009, and the first season aired from September 9, 2009, to June 8, 2010.

major characters, but several strong storylines help to compensate, and the songs are as strong as ever."" As of April 19, 2013, after 19 of 22 episodes in the season, the season had averaged a 3.6/10 rating/share among adults 18-49 and 8.70 million viewers when counting live plus 7 Day (DVR) Ratings. ""Glee: The Complete Fourth Season"" was released on October 1, 2013 in DVD (with 6-set discs) and Blu-ray (with 4-set discs), and contains the special features; """"Glee"" Music Jukebox"", ""Movin' On Up: ""Glee"" in NYC"", ""Deleted Scenes"", ""Jarley"", ""Building New York"", """"Glee"" on Film"", ""The Road to 500"",

for four weeks in the US and Canada from May 21 through June 18, 2011, and followed with twelve days in England and Ireland, from June 22 through July 3, 2011. The cast also performed on the seventh season of ""The X Factor"" on December 5, 2010. The first season of ""Glee"" consists of twenty-two episodes. The pilot episode was originally broadcast on May 19, 2009. The series returned on September 9, 2009, airing an additional twelve episodes on Wednesdays in the 9:00 pm timeslot until December 9, 2009, for a total of thirteen episodes. On September 21, 2009, nine

"Dance with Me Tonight"
used in an advert for Kinder Chocolate bars. Dance with Me Tonight ""Dance with Me Tonight"" is a single by English singer-songwriter Olly Murs, taken from his second studio album, ""In Case You Didn't Know"". It was released as the album's second single on 18 November 2011 and was written by Murs, Claude Kelly and Steve Robson. The song stayed at number two in the UK for two consecutive weeks before finally giving Murs his third UK number-one single in December 2011. The track was released as the album's third single across Europe in November 2012, and as with his

"I Just Want to Dance with You"
I Just Want to Dance with You ""I Just Want to Dance with You"" is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, ""One Step at a Time"", it is his 34th Number One single on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album ""German Afternoons"". It was also a hit for Daniel O'Donnell

"Dance with Me (Orleans song)"
Dance with Me (Orleans song) ""Dance with Me"" is the title of a 1975 hit single by American soft rock band Orleans, originally from the band's second album, ""Orleans II"" (1974). Featuring a melodica solo by Larry Hoppen, ""Dance With Me"" was introduced on the band's third studio album ""Let There Be Music"" (1975) and was issued as that album's second single July 19, 1975 to become Orleans' first Top 40 single, reaching a ""Billboard"" Hot 100 peak of #6 that October. The song was written by group member John Hall and journalist-turned-lyricist Johanna Hall (then a married couple). According

"Let Me Take You Dancing"
Let Me Take You Dancing ""Let Me Take You Dancing"" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian artist Bryan Adams. It was written by Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance and was later remixed by John Luongo. It is notable for being Adams' first solo single and his first ever release as a solo artist when he was 18. A disco influenced pop song in its original mix, the popular remixed version of the song is even more disco-oriented. It was one of the first songs that Adams and Vallance wrote together and was based on a rag-time piano riff

Dance with Me Tonight ""Dance with Me Tonight"" is a single by English singer-songwriter Olly Murs, taken from his second studio album, ""In Case You Didn't Know"". It was released as the album's second single on 18 November 2011 and was written by Murs, Claude Kelly and Steve Robson. The song stayed at number two in the UK for two consecutive weeks before finally giving Murs his third UK number-one single in December 2011. The track was released as the album's third single across Europe in November 2012, and as with his previous European single ""Oh My Goodness"" will receive

"Do You Want to Dance"
Co."", 849 F.2d 460 (9th Cir. 1988). Midler had sued Ula and the Mercury Sable people for infringing on her trademark, and won her case by issuing a permanent injunction that prohibited all TV stations from further airing the commercial. Do You Want to Dance ""Do You Want to Dance"" is a song written by American singer Bobby Freeman and recorded by him in 1958. It reached number No. 5 on the United States Billboard Top 100 Sides pop chart and No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart. Cliff Richard and the Shadows' version of the song reached No. 2

"She Wants to Dance with Me"
She Wants to Dance with Me ""She Wants to Dance with Me"" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, ""Hold Me in Your Arms"". The song was released in United Kingdom on September 20, 1988; it entered the chart at the number 16 and its highest chart position was number 6; it stayed 11 weeks in the UK Singles Chart. On the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, it also reached number 6. Astley kicked off Paula Abdul's ""Straight Up"", and stayed at number one for two weeks in

Do You Want to Dance ""Do You Want to Dance"" is a song written by American singer Bobby Freeman and recorded by him in 1958. It reached number No. 5 on the United States Billboard Top 100 Sides pop chart and No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart. Cliff Richard and the Shadows' version of the song reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom in 1962, despite being a B-side. The Beach Boys' version reached No. 12 as ""Do You Wanna Dance?"" in the United States in 1965, and a 1972 cover by Bette Midler (""Do You Want to Dance?"")

a CD release that was absent in the UK. In August 2013 a new version of the song was released as the third single from the US version of ""Right Place, Right Time"". Murs wrote the song with Claude Kelly and Steve Robson in the spring of 2011, following their successful collaborations on the first album including his debut number one, ""Please Don't Let Me Go"". Lyrically, Murs has said that the song was inspired by his frustration with modern-day dating, in particular the incessant use of social networking websites: ""I'm sick of Twitter and Facebook, you know, I want

Canada. It was an international success. ""She Wants to Dance with Me"" was Astley's first self-composed single that he released. Astley performed the song at the 1989 Grammy Awards, and he changed the lyrics to: When the song was performed on ""Top of the Pops"", the backing keyboard player was songwriter-turned-Conservative MP David Morris. She Wants to Dance with Me ""She Wants to Dance with Me"" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, ""Hold Me in Your Arms"". The song was released in United Kingdom on

"My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"
My Bucket's Got a Hole in It ""My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"" is a song widely attributed to Clarence Williams, who obtained a copyright in 1933. The song became popular performed by Hank Williams for MGM and reached #4 on the country chart in 1949. A rendering (1927) by Tom Gates and his Orchestra (on Gennett 6184) as ""The Bucket's Got A Hole In It"" gives writing credit to musicians Lee Blevins and Victor Sells. This version predates the C. Williams copyright. The original melody evolved from the second theme of ""Long Lost Blues"" published in 1914 by

In the essay to the 1990 Polygram box set ""Hank Williams: The Original Singles Collection"", Colin Escott quotes Williams in an interview with Ralph Gleason in 1952: ""I was shinin' shoes and sellin' newspapers and following this old Nigrah around to get him to teach me how to play the git-tar. I'd give him 15 cents or whatever I could get ahold of for a lesson."" Understandably, producer Fred Rose was wary of the song's commercial potential; as country music historian Escott notes, ""Fred Rose's opposition to the song had a lot to do with the fact that it mentioned

heard it while growing up in Alabama."" Tom Gates and his Orchestra performed the earliest known recording of this song on July 25, 1927 (Gennett 6198-A Champion 15307) in St. Paul, Minnesota as ""The Bucket's Got a Hole in It."" Band members included the composers, Lee N. Blevins on trombone and Victor Sells on trumpet. Also playing were Earl Clark, Frank Cloustier (Piano, Director), Bob Gates, Tom Gates, Tracy ""Pug"" Mama, Nevin Simmons (Alto Sax/Vocals), and Harold Stoddard. Even in this early recording, the melody had already been used by the New Orleans Rhythm Kings in their ""She's Crying For

beer, and probably had something to do with the fact that Acuff-Rose didn't publish it."" In addition, Williams originally had a couplet mentioning a Ford automobile (""Me an' my baby, we got a Ford/Now we change the gears from the running board"") and Rose demanded that, if Williams did record it, the reference be dropped because if Hank endorsed Ford, ""then deejays sponsored by GM, Chrysler, and Studebaker wouldn't spin his record."" Williams recorded the song on August 30, 1949 at Herzog Studio in Cincinnati, Ohio (the same session that produced the B-side ""I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry""). He

Me Blues"" ('25 - Victor), also by Louis Dumaine's Jazzola Eight in '27 as To-Wa-Bac-A-Wa-Yale Blues. Washboard Sam, aka Robert Brown, released a version of this song on Bluebird B-7906 known as ""Bucket's Got A Hole In It."" This recording was made in 1937 as one of ""several historic blues recording sessions [that] took place on the top floor of the Leland Hotel located in downtown Aurora, Illinois. Lester Melrose, a freelance A&R man, and record producer, put together those recording sessions for the Bluebird label. Melrose brought together a small group of artists from St. Louis, and some of

"There's a Hole in My Bucket"
Bukovič, who stayed true to the English lyrics of the song and only translated it while keeping the rhyme. It was first sung by the band Fešáci in 1977 by their front man Michal Tučný. A Hebrew version was written by Israeli songwriter Dan Almagor and was recorded in 1961, sung by Yossi Banai and Yona Atari. In a 1966 episode of ""The Dean Martin Show"", Dean Martin and George Gobel sang a version of the song on television. . It was also performed by Jim Henson as Henry and Rita Moreno as Liza on Sesame Street. There's a Hole

became even more widespread when it was included in the famous Wandervogel songbook ""Der Zupfgeigenhansl"" in 1909. In George Korson's ""Pennsylvania Songs and Legends"" (1949) there is a song with meter closer to the modern English version and beginning thus: This was collected in 1940, and is earlier than any known English-language version. This suggests that it might be a traditional ""Pennsylvania Dutch"" (i.e. German) song. Ed McCurdy recorded it in 1958 on ""Children's Songs"". Harry Belafonte recorded it with Odetta in 1960. It was in the UK charts in 1961. In his book ""Where Have All the Flowers Gone""

J. Paul Wyer and H. Alf Kelley. The ""Long Lost Blues"" theme was a variation of ""Bucket's Got a Hole in It"", a motif that appears in several versions of ""Keep A-Knockin"". This tune later became the basis for several versions of the song, ""You Can't Come In"" recorded by multiple artists. However, ""Bucket's Got a Hole in It"" has also been attributed to Buddy Bolden, which would date it before 1906. As one critic noted, Hank Williams ""could have been given this ditty to record, [but] he may have been familiar with this ditty from previous recordings or had

Chicago’s finest blues artists of the time, and over the course of the next 20 months, recorded over 300 tracks. "" Featured in this series of recordings are the performers Tampa Red, Washboard Sam, Big Bill Broonzy, Walter Davis, John Lee “Sonny Boy” Williamson, Big Joe Williams, Henry Townsend, Robert Lee McCoy, Speckled Red, Merlene Johnson, Addie “Sweet Peas” Spivey, Bill “Jazz” Gillum and One Arm Slim, amongst many others. Williams likely first heard ""My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"" from Rufus Payne, nicknamed ""Tee Tot,"" a black street singer who taught a young Hank to play blues guitar.

There's a Hole in My Bucket ""There's a Hole in My Bucket"" (or ""...in the Bucket"") is a children's song, based on a dialogue between two characters, called Henry and Liza, about a leaky bucket. The song describes a deadlock situation: Henry has a leaky bucket, and Liza tells him to repair it. To fix the leaky bucket, he needs straw. To cut the straw, he needs an axe. To sharpen the axe, he needs to wet the sharpening stone. To wet the stone, he needs water. But to fetch water, he needs the bucket, which has a hole in

"Cold War"
Council. A UN force of personnel from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Canada, Colombia, Australia, France, South Africa, the Philippines, the Netherlands, Belgium, New Zealand and other countries joined to stop the invasion. Among other effects, the Korean War galvanised NATO to develop a military structure. Public opinion in countries involved, such as Great Britain, was divided for and against the war. Many feared an escalation into a general war with Communist China, and even nuclear war. The strong opposition to the war often strained Anglo-American relations. For these reasons British officials sought a speedy end

"Cold War"
Greek Civil War) and creating the NATO alliance. The Berlin Blockade (1948–49) was the first major crisis of the Cold War. With the victory of the Communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War (1950–53), the conflict expanded. The USSR and the USA competed for influence in Latin America and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia. The Soviets suppressed the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The expansion and escalation sparked more crises, such as the Suez Crisis (1956), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which was perhaps the

"Cold War (1953–1962)"
in a neutral defense pact. This treaty was followed in 1955 by the Baghdad Pact, later renamed the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), uniting the ""northern tier"" countries of the Middle East—Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan—in a defense organization. The combined effects of two great European wars had weakened the political and economic domination of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East by European powers. This led to a series of waves of African and Asian decolonization following the Second World War; a world that had been dominated for over a century by Western imperialist colonial powers was transformed into

"Cold War"
Congo were still Western colonies in 1947. A neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement, which sought good relations with both sides. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat, but they were heavily armed in preparation for a possible all-out nuclear world war. Each side had a nuclear strategy that discouraged an attack by the other side, on the basis that such an attack would lead to the total destruction of the attacker—the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD). Aside from the development of the two sides' nuclear arsenals, and their deployment of conventional military forces, the

"Cold War"
satellites, and funded communist parties around the world, sometimes in competition with communist China, particularly following the Sino-Soviet split of the 1960s. In opposition stood the capitalist West, led by the United States, a federal republic with a two-party presidential system. The First World nations of the Western Bloc were generally liberal democratic with a free press and independent organizations, but were economically and politically entwined with a network of banana republics and other authoritarian regimes throughout the Third World, most of which were the Western Bloc's former colonies. Some major Cold War frontlines such as Vietnam, Indonesia, and the

"Cold War"
handed a watershed defeat by communist Viet Minh rebels at the 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the French accepted a negotiated abandonment of their colonial stake in Vietnam. In the Geneva Conference, peace accords were signed, leaving Vietnam divided between a pro-Soviet administration in North Vietnam and a pro-Western administration in South Vietnam at the 17th parallel north. Between 1954 and 1961, Eisenhower's United States sent economic aid and military advisers to strengthen South Vietnam's pro-Western regime against communist efforts to destabilize it. Many emerging nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America rejected the pressure to choose sides in

"Cold War"
with the Soviets had been severed. Following the Allies' May 1945 victory, the Soviets effectively occupied Central and Eastern Europe, while strong US and Western allied forces remained in Western Europe. In Germany and Austria, France, Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States established zones of occupation and a loose framework for parceled four-power control. The 1945 Allied conference in San Francisco established the multi-national United Nations (UN) for the maintenance of world peace, but the enforcement capacity of its Security Council was effectively paralyzed by the ability of individual members to exercise veto power. Accordingly, the UN was

"Cold War"
in 1949, the Truman administration quickly moved to escalate and expand its containment policy. In NSC 68, a secret 1950 document, the National Security Council proposed to reinforce pro-Western alliance systems and quadruple spending on defense. United States officials moved thereafter to expand containment into Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in order to counter revolutionary nationalist movements, often led by communist parties financed by the USSR, fighting against the restoration of Europe's colonial empires in South-East Asia and elsewhere. In the early 1950s (a period sometimes known as the ""Pactomania""), the US formalized a series of alliances with Japan, Australia,

"Cold War"
mid-flight. With the background of a buildup in tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, and the deployment of Soviet RSD-10 Pioneer ballistic missiles targeting Western Europe, NATO decided, under the impetus of the Carter presidency, to deploy MGM-31 Pershing and cruise missiles in Europe, primarily West Germany. This deployment would have placed missiles just 10 minutes' striking distance from Moscow. After Reagan's military buildup, the Soviet Union did not respond by further building its military because the enormous military expenses, along with inefficient planned manufacturing and collectivized agriculture, were already a heavy burden for the Soviet economy.

"Cold War"
the Sino-Soviet split complicate relations within the Communist sphere, while US allies, particularly France, demonstrated greater independence of action. The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia, while the US experienced internal turmoil from the Civil Rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War (1955–75), which ended with the defeat of the US-backed Republic of Vietnam, prompting further adjustments. By the 1970s, both sides had become interested in making allowances in order to create a more stable and predictable international system, ushering in a period of détente that saw Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the US opening

season streamed weekly until February 11, 2018. The season's release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance, the series' production value, and its new additions to ""Star Trek"" canon. A was ordered in October 2017. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In March 2018, a ""secret scene"" was released depicting an alternative ending to the season finale. It features Mirror Georgiou being approached by an operative of Section 31, a storyline that is further explored in the second season of the series. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new ""Star Trek"" television series to

We were allowed to go crazy."" Filming for the season began at Pinewood Toronto Studios on January 24, 2017, with cinematographers including Guillermo Navarro, working on the pilot, and Colin Hoult. Set construction had initially been set to begin within a month of June 2016, for a filming period of that September to around March 2017, but by that September, production was not expected to begin until November. After Fuller stepped down as showrunner, set construction was expected to be completed by the end of 2016, with filming to begin ""shortly thereafter"". By mid-May 2017, filming for scenes set on

an unidentified planet had taken place on location in Jordan. Some of the series' sets took over six weeks to create, and new sets were being built up until the end of production on the season. Some episodes for the season were filmed solely on existing sets, making them bottle episodes, though Harberts said the series would not do anything ""as bottle-y as 'everyone is stuck in the mess hall!'"" Filming for the season concluded on October 11, 2017. Robyn Stewart, an expert in the Klingon language, and linguist Rea Nolan worked closely with the Klingon actors to ensure they

premiere in January 2017, ""on the heels"" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016, to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller, who began his career writing for the series """" and """", was announced as the new series' showrunner. Fuller had publicly called for ""Star Trek"" to return to television for years, and when he first met with CBS about the series, the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be. He proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone, serialized show set

them the material I've given them and hope that it is helpful for them."" By the end of the year, Martin-Green had indeed been cast as the series' lead, and in May 2017, the episode order was expanded to 15. That June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24. Fuller wanted to differentiate the series from the previous 700+ episodes of ""Star Trek"" by taking advantage of the streaming format of All Access and telling a single story arc across the entire first season. He and the writers had completed this arc by the end of June 2016.

Catch-22
manuscript is held by Brandeis University. Catch-22 Catch-22 is a satirical novel by American author Joseph Heller. He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961. Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century, it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters. The separate storylines are out of sequence so the timeline develops along with the plot. The novel is set during World War II, from 1942 to 1944. It mainly follows the life of Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army

Catch-22
Catch-22 Catch-22 is a satirical novel by American author Joseph Heller. He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961. Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century, it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters. The separate storylines are out of sequence so the timeline develops along with the plot. The novel is set during World War II, from 1942 to 1944. It mainly follows the life of Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier. Most of

"Joseph Heller"
Joseph Heller Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 – December 12, 1999) was an American author of novels, short stories, plays and screenplays. His best-known work is the novel ""Catch-22"", a satire on war and bureaucracy, whose title has become a synonym for an absurd or contradictory choice. Heller was born on May 1, 1923 in Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York, the son of poor Jewish parents, Lena and Isaac Donald Heller, from Russia. Even as a child, he loved to write; as a teenager, he wrote a story about the Russian invasion of Finland and sent it to the

"Catch-22 (play)"
Catch-22 (play) Catch-22 is a satirical play by the American author Joseph Heller, first produced in 1971 and based on his novel of the same name. The story follows Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier, and a number of other characters. Most events occur while the airmen of the Fighting 256th (or ""two to the fighting eighth power"") Squadron are based on the island of Pianosa, west of Italy. Many events in the story are repeatedly described from differing points of view, so the reader learns more about the event from each iteration. Furthermore, the events

Catch-22
""Today"" show he went out drinking with the host at the time, John Chancellor, who handed him stickers that Chancellor had got privately printed reading ""YOSSARIAN LIVES"". Heller also said that Chancellor had been secretly putting them on the walls of the corridors and executive bathrooms in the NBC building. Although the novel won no awards upon release, it has remained in print and is seen as one of the most significant American novels of the 20th century. Scholar and fellow World War II veteran Hugh Nibley said it was the most accurate book he ever read about the military.

Catch-22
full horror of events, but in the final section, the events are laid bare. The horror begins with the attack on the undefended Italian mountain village, with the following chapters involving despair (Doc Daneeka and the Chaplain), disappearance in combat (Orr and Clevinger), disappearance caused by the army (Dunbar) or death of most of Yossarian's friends (Nately, McWatt, Mudd, Kid Sampson, Dobbs, Chief White Halfoat and Hungry Joe), culminating in the unspeakable horrors of Chapter 39, in particular the rape and murder of Michaela, who represents pure innocence. In Chapter 41 the full details of the gruesome death of Snowden

"Catch 22 (song)"
It is set in a previously dead video game arcade where a group of friends find a game called ""Catch 22"", allowing them to test their fate. ""Catch 22"" debuted at number eighteen on the Australian ARIA singles chart. Catch 22 (song) ""Catch 22"" is a song by Australian rapper Illy featuring English singer, Anne-Marie. The song was released on 10 October 2016, alongside the announcement of his forthcoming fifth studio album, ""Two Degrees"". Anne-Marie spoke to Matt and Alex on Triple J, saying: ""I listened to some of his music and I really like that he kept through an

Catch-22
the events in the book occur while the fictional 256th Squadron is based on the island of Pianosa, in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy. The novel looks into the experiences of Yossarian and the other airmen in the camp, who attempt to maintain their sanity while fulfilling their service requirements so that they may return home. The development of the novel can be split into segments. The first (chapters 1–11) broadly follows the story fragmented between characters, but in a single chronological time in 1944. The second (chapters 12–20) flashes back to focus primarily on the ""Great Big Siege

"Catch-22 (film)"
Charles Grodin, Bob Newhart, Anthony Perkins, Paula Prentiss, Martin Sheen, Jon Voight, and Orson Welles. Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Force B-25 bombardier, is stationed on the Mediterranean base on Pianosa during World War II. Along with his squadron members, Yossarian is committed to flying dangerous missions, but after watching friends die, he seeks a means of escape. Futilely appealing to his commanding officer, Colonel Cathcart, who continually increases the number of missions required to rotate home before anyone can reach it, Yossarian learns that even a mental breakdown is no release when Doc Daneeka, explains the ""Catch-22""

"Keasbey Nights"
Keasbey Nights Keasbey Nights is the debut album by the East Brunswick, New Jersey ska punk band Catch 22, released on March 24, 1998 by Victory Records. It is the only album by the band's original lineup, as singer/songwriter/guitarist Tomas Kalnoky, bassist Josh Ansley, and horn player James Egan all left the group later that year. Kalnoky re-recorded the entire album in 2006 with his new band Streetlight Manifesto in response to Victory's plan to re-release it. The album's title references Keasbey, New Jersey, an unincorporated area within the Woodbridge Township of Middlesex County. In 2004, Kalnoky decided to re-record

"Kevin Can Wait"
actress' performance. In August 2017, it was reported Hayes' character would be killed off before season two began and the season will take place 7–10 months after season one ended, in order to make room for Remini. On May 12, 2018, it was announced that CBS officially cancelled ""Kevin Can Wait"". A combination of factors, including declining ratings, CBS's desire to have an ownership stake, and the network needing to clear space for three new sitcoms in the fall 2018 schedule, led to the show's demise. During the first season, ""Kevin Can Wait"" received generally negative reviews from critics. On

reviews, this time heavily assessing the series as inferior to James and Remini's former show ""The King of Queens"". The replacement of Erinn Hayes with Leah Remini, and how the show handled Donna Gable's death, has been a source of controversy for the series. Criticism has been levied especially on the episodes ""Civil Ceremony"" and ""Grief Thief"". In the former, which served as the season premiere, criticism was placed on the brief mention of Donna's death, via a piece of mail, and a subsequent joke many found distasteful. The later episode, the season's fifth episode, was panned for its plot

Donna has died, and the series' new female lead is Vanessa Cellucci (Leah Remini), Kevin's former rival on the force and now his partner at their new security company, Monkey Fist Security. While the first season focused on Kevin's personal and family life, the second concerns his new profession, his relationship with Vanessa, and his adjustment to life as a single parent. ""Kevin Can Wait"" was cancelled by CBS on May 12, 2018, after two seasons and 48 episodes. Kevin Gable is a newly retired Nassau County police officer living in Massapequa, New York, on Long Island, with his wife

the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 30%, based on 23 reviews, with an average rating of 3.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Kevin James proves a likable, funny lead, but ""Kevin Can Wait"" relies too heavily on predictable, unfunny jokes and a series of lackluster subplots to stand out from the crowd."" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the series has a score 39 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating ""generally unfavorable reviews"". With the firing of Hayes and addition of Remini in season two, the series' retooling also received negative

made the show worse. Despite the division, both Hayes and Remini spoke highly of each other. Remini stated that, before Hayes' firing, she was looking forward to working with her again; Hayes (who has mostly remained silent over the firing so far) asked fans to not place blame on Remini. It has been rumored and hinted at that the addition of co-star Leah Remini was an attempt to save the show from cancellation. Many suggested this theory is due not only to their chemistry and ability to play off one another well, but also to capitalize on their successful run

on ""The King of Queens"" a decade earlier. However, James insisted the choice was purely creative, as the writers felt they were running out of ideas, and he was unsure if it would continue beyond a second season. James also stated that the original plot line of the series was to have him as a single father, but the original producers gave him a wife instead. Despite the controversy surrounding the revamp, the series' ratings remained steady. As of December 1, 2017, the series was averaging 8.2 million viewers (with delayed viewing) in the season, competing against more established Top

Kevin holds various odd jobs to supplement his retirement income while the family deals with several issues, including Kendra's and Chale's wedding. First season episodes revolve around Kevin and Donna, although Kevin is frequently seen with his group of friends. Most scenes during the first season take place either at the Gable household or the bar Enzo's (where Kendra is employed and where Kevin hangs out with his friends). Season two picks up over a year after the events of the first-season finale. Donna has been deceased for about a year, leaving the widowed Kevin with the three kids, and

that the characters use a single parents support group for getting out of work and their romantic life. The series' reduced mention of Donna following her death, as well as no specific cause to her death, has also been target of criticism. Viewers and critics of the show remain divided over the retool. Some stated the decision was a well-made one, and that the chemistry James has with Remini has made the quality of the series better. Others say that Hayes' firing, and the addition of Remini with how the show handled her character's death, with poor script quality, has

now working full-time with his old work rival, Vanessa Cellucci, in their new security company, Monkey Fist Security. With the death of Donna, Kevin's reentry into the work force, and the regular inclusion of Vanessa, season two expands its focus to also feature more of the supporting characters not seen much in the first season. The Monkey Fist Security office also becomes a frequently used location. In addition, James' family has appeared in the series (in addition to regular cast member Gary Valentine). James' real-life wife, Steffiana De La Cruz, and two of James' daughters, Shea James and Sienna James,

was later increased to 24 episodes. In January 2016, Taylor Spreitler had been cast in the series as Kendra, Kevin's daughter. In February 2016, Ryan Cartwright, Mary-Charles Jones, and James DiGiacomo had been cast in the series, as Kendra's boyfriend, and James' characters other children, respectively. That same month, Leonard Earl Howze and Erinn Hayes joined the cast portraying James' character's friend and former police partner and James' wife, respectively. In March 2016, Lenny Venito and Gary Valentine joined the cast. In September 2016, it was announced Ray Romano and Gina Brillon would guest star. In November 2016, it was

"University of Texas at Austin"
chief source of income for Texas' two university systems, the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System; today, however, its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities' annual budgets. This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations. Privately funded endowments contribute over $2 billion to the university's total endowment. For Fall 2011, the university enrolled 38,437 undergraduate, 11,497 graduate and 1,178 law students. Out-of-state and international students comprised 9.1% of the undergraduate student body and 20.1% of the total student body, with students from all 50 states and more than

120 foreign countries—most notably, the Republic of Korea, followed by the People's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and Taiwan. For Fall 2015, the undergraduate student body was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. The three largest undergraduate majors in 2009 were Biological Sciences, Unspecified Business, and Psychology, while the three largest graduate majors were Business Administration (MBA), Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Pharmacy (PharmD). The campus has fourteen residence halls, the newest of which opened in Spring 2007. On-campus housing can hold more than 7,100 students. Jester Center is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2,945. Academic enrollment exceeds

naming it the Moody College of Communication. The university operates two public radio stations, KUT with news and information, and KUTX with music, via local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over the Internet. The university uses Capital Metro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus and throughout Austin. The university contains eighteen colleges and schools and one academic unit, each listed with its founding date: The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In the 2009–2010 academic year, the university awarded a total of 13,215 degrees: 67.7% bachelor's

"University of Texas at Dallas"
UTD had a total of 27,642 students enrolled consisting of 18,388 undergraduates students and 9,254 postgraduates students. Relative to most universities in the United States, the school is unusual because it has more males, 57%, than females. The 2017 demographic ethnicity at the school was White American 30%, Asian American 23%, International 22%, Hispanic 14%, and African American 5%. The fall 2017 first-time undergraduate acceptance rate was 80 percent. The top majors among undergraduates are biology, computer science, arts and technology, accounting, business administration, mechanical engineering, finance, neuroscience, psychology and electrical engineering. In the fall 2017-2018 academic year, UTD enrolled

the on-campus housing capacity; as a result, most students must live in private residence halls, housing cooperatives, apartments, or with Greek organizations and other off-campus residences. The Division of Housing and Food Service, which already has the largest market share of 7,000 of the estimated 27,000 beds in the campus area, plans to expand to 9,000 beds. The university recognizes more than 1,300 student organizations. In addition, it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Texas Legislature. Student Government, established in 1902, is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in

"University of Texas at San Antonio"
University of Texas at San Antonio The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) is a state research university in San Antonio, Texas, United States. With nearly 31,000 students, it is the largest university in San Antonio and the eighth-largest (2014) in the state of Texas. It includes three campuses across the San Antonio metropolitan area that span 725 acres of land. UTSA offers a wide array of academic studies, with 67 bachelor's, 69 master's and 24 doctoral programs. In 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017, it was selected by Times Higher Education as one of the best universities in

"Education in Texas"
taught at UNT focus on such areas as business management, education, engineering, hospitality, music and science. The UNT System also oversees the University of North Texas at Dallas, the only public university located in the city limits of Dallas, and the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, the only college in Texas that specializes in osteopathic medicine. The University of Texas System, established by the Texas Constitution in 1883, consists of eight academic universities and six health institutions, with a seventh health institution to be established in the near future. UT System institutions enrolled a total

"Texas A&M University"
at Nazareth - Peace Campus, in Israel. In the fall of 2017 semester, Texas A&M was the second largest public American university with an enrollment of more than 63,288 students pursuing degrees in 10 academic colleges. Another 5,700 are at the branch campuses in Galveston and Qatar and other locations across Texas. The student body includes students from all 50 US states and 124 foreign countries. Texas residents account for 85.9% of the student population, and 33.3% are either of international origin or members of ethnic minority groups. The student body consists of 47.3% women and 52.7% men. The university

the university currently admits the top 6 percent. Furthermore, students admitted under Texas House Bill 588 are not guaranteed their choice of college or major, but rather only guaranteed admission to the university as a whole. Many colleges, such as the Cockrell School of Engineering, have secondary requirements that must be met for admission. For others who go through the traditional application process, selectivity is deemed ""more selective"" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and by ""U.S. News & World Report"". For Fall 2017, 51,033 applied and 18,620 were accepted (36.5%), and of those accepted, 45.2%

"University of Texas at Arlington"
at least 5,600 students. The university also has 18 on-campus apartment complexes and a limited number of houses for students with dependent children. The seven halls are Arlington Hall, Kalpana Chawla Hall (KC Hall), Lipscomb Hall North, Lipscomb Hall South, Trinity House, Vandergriff Hall at College Park, and West Hall. The fraternity and sorority community at UT Arlington consists of 31 national and local organizations with four governing councils. Traditionally, between five and ten percent of undergraduate students participate within the councils. The year indicates the original charter date: UT Arlington's athletic teams are known as the Mavericks (the selection

"The Search for Santa Paws"
Maher) arrives at an orphanage run by an evil and bad-tempered woman named Ms. Stout (Wendi McLendon-Covey) who does not approve of anything that children love: toys, Christmas decorations, singing, and even pets. She has a furnace which she uses to burn all the toys which she confiscates from the girls who rightfully own them. Despite the strict rules she has to respect while staying at the foster home, Quinn eventually befriends the girls, including Janie (G Hannelius), Meg, Taylor, Mary and Willamina ""Will"" (Madison Pettis) who has lost her love of the holiday after the death of her parents

whom Santa names Paws (Zachary Gordon) and tells him that they will be the best of friends for all eternity. Meanwhile, Mr. Hucklebuckle's grandson James and his wife Kate are gifted the toy store and are told by Mr. Stewart (Bill Cobbs) as long as they run it for a Christmas season with a profit. James is a CPA from Los Angeles and plans to sell the store once they have ownership. Kate and James are unable to have children and are sad to face another Christmas without children of their own. Meanwhile, a young orphaned girl named Quinn (Kaitlyn

The Search for Santa Paws The Search for Santa Paws is an American-Canadian adventure-fantasy-film released on November 23, 2010 (direct to video). The movie is the tenth film in the ""Air Bud"" franchise and is also a prequel to ""Santa Buddies"", as well as a spin-off from the ""Air Buddies"" film franchise. Santa Claus (Richard Riehle) receives a gift stuffed animal dog when his dear friend, Mr. Hucklebuckle who owned a toy store in New York City, passes away. To help cheer Santa up, they bring the stuffed dog to the magic icicle which turns it into a real puppy,

"In Search of Santa"
In Search of Santa In Search of Santa is a 2004 CGI family film starring Hilary Duff and her older sister Haylie Duff in their first voice roles. It was directed by William R. Kowalchuk and released on November 23, 2004. King Calvin and Queen Penelope have their eggs laid and as their daughters hatch, the parents name them Crystal and Lucinda. As the sisters grow, despite their differences, they compromise and head to the North Pole to find Santa Claus in order to save Christmas which Crystal believes in earlier and all along. After saving the seal in the

"Kaitlyn Maher"
Extreme for the release of her debut album ""You Were Meant To Be"". The album was released December 15, 2009. Kaitlyn appeared in the Disney direct to video movie ""Santa Buddies"" as the voice for the character, Tiny, which was released on November 24, 2009. Maher played the orphan Quinn in ""The Search for Santa Paws"" released as a direct to video on November 23, 2010 which had its television premiere on the Disney Channel in December 2011. She played Sarah Reynolds in the sequel titled """" released on November 20, 2012. Maher was born on January 10, 2004, to

to find Paws as a stuffed animal. Gus drives the reindeer sled to the toy store, so that they could rush back to the North Pole to save him with the magic icicle. With Christmas around the corner, the icicle doesn't have enough power to spare. Santa mourns over the loss of his best friend, which caused the magic to flow and turn Paws back into a full-grown dog named Santa Paws (Mitchel Musso) and Christmas is back on. Since Ms. Stout left the children alone and Will and Quinn are missing, Eli had informed Mrs. Gibson from Child Services,

Barking!
was released on CBeebies. It has some similarities to Barking. Barking! Barking! is a British children's TV series that produced two series between October 2004 & February 2006. The show was originally broadcast on ITV1's children's slot CITV. It stars Katy McGowan as Jezza, a teenage girl with a talking dog named Georgie, voiced by Will Mellor, who was given as a welcome gift by Stepfather Greg (Charles Dale) when Jezza moved with her family to Devon. Jezza is the only person that knows that Georgie could talk, as they go out on adventures around the fictional town of Stonemoor

"Ellen Barkin"
her turn as one of the best female performances of the year. In 2015, she starred as Dani Kirschenbloom, in the Showtime comedy-drama series ""Happyish"". In 2016, Barkin began starring as Janine ""Smurf"" Cody, the crime family's matriarch, in the TNT drama series ""Animal Kingdom"". The series is based on the 2010 Australian film where Smurf was played by Jacki Weaver. Barkin is the mother of two children, Jack Daniel (born 1989) and Romy Marion (born 1992), from her first marriage, to actor Gabriel Byrne. The two separated in 1993 and divorced in 1999, but are still close; Byrne even

Barking!
Barking! Barking! is a British children's TV series that produced two series between October 2004 & February 2006. The show was originally broadcast on ITV1's children's slot CITV. It stars Katy McGowan as Jezza, a teenage girl with a talking dog named Georgie, voiced by Will Mellor, who was given as a welcome gift by Stepfather Greg (Charles Dale) when Jezza moved with her family to Devon. Jezza is the only person that knows that Georgie could talk, as they go out on adventures around the fictional town of Stonemoor in Devon, but Georgie always causes mischief and gets Jezza

punishes Will by leaving her to spend the night in the basement without dinner, an upset Will is disheartened that little kids always get her in trouble. Meanwhile, the reindeer are still waiting in Central Park with the sled for Santa and Paws to return, since they are unable to fly without Santa's magic. A cub scout named Jimmy (Jonathan Morgan Heit), comes across them and vows to help find the real Santa Claus and give him the message that the reindeer are in Central Park waiting for him. He searches among all the store Santas in New York City

"History of Native Americans in the United States"
century forbidding non-Native American settlement on Native American lands, with the intention to prevent sympathetic white missionaries from aiding the scattered Native American resistance. In 1817, the Cherokee became the first Native Americans recognized as U.S. citizens. Under Article 8 of the 1817 Cherokee treaty, ""Upwards of 300 Cherokees (Heads of Families) in the honest simplicity of their souls, made an election to become American citizens."" The next earliest recorded date of Native Americans' becoming U.S. citizens was in 1831, when some Mississippi Choctaw became citizens after the United States Congress ratified the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. Article 22

from the strong, centralized European monarchies. After 1492 European exploration and colonization of the Americas revolutionized how the Old and New Worlds perceived themselves. One of the first major contacts, in what would be called the American Deep South, occurred when the conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed in La Florida in April 1513. He was later followed by other Spanish explorers, such as Pánfilo de Narváez in 1528 and Hernando de Soto in 1539. The subsequent European colonists in North America often rationalized their expansion of empire with the assumption that they were saving a barbaric, pagan world by

10,800 radiocarbon years BP (roughly 9100 to 8850 BCE). Numerous Paleoindian cultures occupied North America, with some arrayed around the Great Plains and Great Lakes of the modern United States of America and Canada, as well as adjacent areas to the West and Southwest. According to the oral histories of many of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, they have been living on this continent since their genesis, described by a wide range of traditional creation stories. Other tribes have stories that recount migrations across long tracts of land and a great river, believed to be the Mississippi River. Genetic

1513. De León returned in 1521 in an attempt at colonisation, but after fierce resistance from the Calusa people, the attempt was abandoned. He was later followed by other Spanish explorers, such as Pánfilo de Narváez in 1528 and Hernando de Soto in 1539. Through the mid 17th century the Beaver Wars were fought over the fur trade between the Iroquois and the Hurons, the northern Algonquians, and their French allies. During the war the Iroquois destroyed several large tribal confederacies—including the Huron, Neutral, Erie, Susquehannock, and Shawnee, and became dominant in the region and enlarged their territory. King Philip's

History of Native Americans in the United States The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians. Anthropologists and archeologists have identified and studied a wide variety of cultures that existed during this era. Their subsequent contact with Europeans had a profound impact on their history of the people. According to the most generally accepted theory of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Eurasia to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two

of the Americas. The Paleo-Indian or Lithic stage lasted from the first arrival of people in the Americas until about 5000/3000 BCE (in North America). Three major migrations occurred, as traced by linguistic and genetic data; the early Paleoamericans soon spread throughout the Americas, diversifying into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes. By 8000 BCE the North American climate was very similar to today's. A study published in 2012 gives genetic backing to the 1986 theory put forward by linguist Joseph Greenberg that the Americas must have been populated in three waves, based on language differences. The Clovis

attempted to address. History of Native Americans in the United States The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians. Anthropologists and archeologists have identified and studied a wide variety of cultures that existed during this era. Their subsequent contact with Europeans had a profound impact on their history of the people. According to the most generally accepted theory of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Eurasia to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which

"Native Americans in the United States"
only in folk history. During the American Revolution, the newly proclaimed United States competed with the British for the allegiance of Native American nations east of the Mississippi River. Most Native Americans who joined the struggle sided with the British, based both on their trading relationships and hopes that colonial defeat would result in a halt to further colonial expansion onto Native American land. The first native community to sign a treaty with the new United States Government was the Lenape. In 1779 the Sullivan Expedition was carried out during the American Revolutionary War against the British and the four

BCE to 700 BCE, during the Late Archaic period. Evidence of this culture has been found at more than 100 sites, from the major complex at Poverty Point, Louisiana (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) across a range to the Jaketown Site near Belzoni, Mississippi. Poverty Point is a complex of six major earthwork concentric rings, with additional platform mounds at the site. Artifacts show the people traded with other Native Americans located from Georgia to the Great Lakes region. This is one among numerous mound sites of complex indigenous cultures throughout the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. They were one of

often includes only the cultures in Eurasia, Africa, and other regions. The prime example is Watson Brake in northern Louisiana, whose 11-mound complex is dated to 3500 BCE, making it the oldest, dated site in the Americas for such complex construction. It is nearly 2,000 years older than the Poverty Point site. Construction of the mounds went on for 500 years until was abandoned about 2800 BCE, probably due to changing environmental conditions. Poverty Point culture is a Late Archaic archaeological culture that inhabited the area of the lower Mississippi Valley and surrounding Gulf Coast. The culture thrived from 2200

"Charlton Heston"
honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 1977 in the area of Performing Arts. by Heston: Charlton Heston Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter; October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist. As a Hollywood star, he appeared in almost 100 films over the course of 60 years. He played Moses in the epic film ""The Ten Commandments"" (1956), for which he received his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. He also starred in ""Touch of Evil"" (1958) with Orson Welles, ""Ben-Hur"" (1959), for which he

Charlton Heston Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter; October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist. As a Hollywood star, he appeared in almost 100 films over the course of 60 years. He played Moses in the epic film ""The Ten Commandments"" (1956), for which he received his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. He also starred in ""Touch of Evil"" (1958) with Orson Welles, ""Ben-Hur"" (1959), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, ""El Cid"" (1961), ""Planet of the Apes"" (1968), ""The

"The Ten Commandments (1956 film)"
he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments. The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role, Yul Brynner as Rameses, Anne Baxter as Nefretiri, Edward G. Robinson as Dathan, Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora, Debra Paget as Lilia, and John Derek as Joshua; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi, Nina Foch as Bithiah, Martha Scott as Yoshebel, Judith Anderson as Memnet, and Vincent Price as Baka, among others. Filmed on location in Egypt, Mount Sinai and the Sinai Peninsula, the film was DeMille's last and most successful work. It is a partial remake of his 1923 silent film of

""hits the peak of beauty with a sequence that is unelaborate, this being the Passover supper wherein Moses is shown with his family while the shadow of death falls on Egyptian first-borns."" The film's cast was also complimented. ""Variety"" called Charlton Heston an ""adaptable performer"" who, as Moses, reveals ""inner glow as he is called by God to remove the chains of slavery that hold his people."" It considered Yul Brynner ""expert"" as Rameses, too. Anne Baxter's performance as Nefretiri was criticized by ""Variety"" as leaning ""close to old-school siren histrionics,"" but Crowther believed that it, along with Brynner's, is

""unquestionably apt and complementary to a lusty and melodramatic romance."" The performances of Yvonne De Carlo and John Derek were acclaimed by Crowther as ""notably good."" He also commended the film's ""large cast of characters"" as ""very good, from Sir Cedric Hardwicke as a droll and urbane Pharaoh to Edward G. Robinson as a treacherous overlord."" Leonard Maltin, a contemporary film critic, gave the film four out of four stars and described it as ""vivid storytelling at its best... parting of the Red Sea, writing of the holy tablets are unforgettable highlights."" Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected 33 reviews and gave

"The Ten Commandments (2007 film)"
Tales humor"". Lou Carlozo of the ""Chicago Tribune"" was more positive, stating ""There's an endearing, earnest quality to The Ten Commandments that transcends its star-studded cast and computer-generated animation"". The Ten Commandments (2007 film) The Ten Commandments is a 2007 American computer animated film directed by John Stronach and Bill Boyce, and released by Promenade Pictures. The film follows Moses from his childhood, as the adopted son of Pharaoh, to his adulthood, as the chosen one of Yahweh and liberator of his people. The film is narrated by Ben Kingsley, and stars Christian Slater as Moses, Alfred Molina as Ramses

The Ten Commandments (2007 film) The Ten Commandments is a 2007 American computer animated film directed by John Stronach and Bill Boyce, and released by Promenade Pictures. The film follows Moses from his childhood, as the adopted son of Pharaoh, to his adulthood, as the chosen one of Yahweh and liberator of his people. The film is narrated by Ben Kingsley, and stars Christian Slater as Moses, Alfred Molina as Ramses and Ellott Gould as God. It was released to theaters on October 19, 2007, and received negative reviews, with criticism directed towards the animation and acting. The film was

the same title, and features one of the largest sets ever created for a film. The film was released to cinemas in the United States on November 8, 1956 and, at the time of its release, was the most expensive film ever made. In 1957, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (John P. Fulton, A.S.C.). Charlton Heston was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture (Drama) for his role as Moses. Yul Brynner won the National Board of

of 1956 by ""The Film Daily""'s Filmdom's Famous Five Poll. Heston was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama and later won the Fotograma de Plata Award for Best Foreign Performer in 1959. Yul Brynner won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor for his performance as Rameses. Cecil B. DeMille won many special awards for the film. He received, among others, the ""Los Angeles Examiner"" Award, the ""Boxoffice"" Blue Ribbon Award for the Best Picture of the Month (January 1957), the ""Photoplay"" Achievement Award, and

Review Award for Best Actor for his role as Rameses and his other roles in ""Anastasia"" and ""The King and I"". It is also one of the most financially successful films ever made, grossing approximately $122.7 million at the box office during its initial release; it was the most successful film of 1956 and the second-highest-grossing film of the decade. According to ""Guinness World Records"", in terms of theatrical exhibition it is the seventh most successful film of all-time when the box office gross is adjusted for inflation. In 1999, the film was selected for preservation in the United States

"A Change Is Gonna Come"
A Change Is Gonna Come ""A Change Is Gonna Come"" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke. It initially appeared on Cooke's album ""Ain't That Good News"", released March 1, 1964 by RCA Victor; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22, 1964. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to ""Shake"". The song was inspired by various personal events in Cooke's life, most prominently an event in which he and his entourage were turned away from a whites-only motel in

my knees.'"" ""A Change Is Gonna Come"" was recorded on January 30, 1964, at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California. The engineer present was Wally Heider, and the session was conducted and arranged by René Hall. The musicians also recorded ""Falling in Love"" the same day. Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation """". Cooke first performed ""A Change Is Gonna Come"" on ""The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"" on February 7, 1964. Cooke’s new manager, Allen Klein, was infatuated with the song and persuaded Cooke to do away with promoting his most recent single, ""Ain't That Good

He grabbed it out of the air and it came to him whole, despite the fact that in many ways it's probably the most complex song that he wrote. It was both singular — in the sense that you started out, 'I was born by the river' — but it also told the story both of a generation and of a people."" Cooke handed the song to his arranger René Hall, with no specific instructions as to what he personally wanted, but to give it “the kind of instrumentation and orchestration that it demanded.” Previously, the duo had collaborated on

"It's All About to Change"
It's All About to Change It's All About To Change is the second studio album by American country singer Travis Tritt, released on Warner Bros. Records in 1991. The tracks ""The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"", ""Nothing Short of Dying"", ""Anymore"", and ""Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"" were released as singles; ""Bible Belt"" also charted from unsolicited airplay. ""Anymore"" was the second single of Tritt's career to reach Number One on the Hot Country Songs charts. Overall, this is Tritt's highest-certified album; with sales of over three million copies in the U.S., it has been certified 3× Platinum by the

"There'll Be Some Changes Made"
There'll Be Some Changes Made ""There'll Be Some Changes Made"" (""Changes"") is a popular song by Benton Overstreet (composer) and Billy Higgins (lyricist). Published in 1921, the song has flourished in several genres, particularly jazz, for years. The song has endured for as many years as a jazz standard. According to the online ""The Jazz Discography"" (an index of jazz-only recordings), ""Changes"" has been recorded 404 times (as of May 2018). The song and its record debut was revolutionary, in that (i) the songwriters (Overstreet and Higgins, both aged of ), the original copyright publisher, Harry Herbert Pace, (iii) the

National Recording Registry deeming the song ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically important."" On October 8, 1963, en route to Shreveport, Louisiana, Cooke called ahead to the Holiday Inn North to make reservations for his wife, Barbara, and himself, but when he and his group arrived, the desk clerk glanced nervously and explained there were no vacancies. While his brother Charles protested, Sam was fuming, yelling to see the manager and refusing to leave until he received an answer. His wife nudged him, attempting to calm him down, telling him, ""They'll kill you,"" to which he responded, ""They ain't gonna kill me,

was recently selected by the Library of Congress as one of twenty-five selected recordings to the National Recording Registry as of March 2007. The song is currently ranked as the 46th greatest song of all time, as well as the third best song of 1964, by Acclaimed Music. NPR called the song ""one of the most important songs of the civil rights era."" Despite its acclaim, legal troubles have haunted the single since its release. A dispute between Cooke's music publisher, ABKCO, and record company, RCA Records, made the recording unavailable for much of the four decades since its release.

Change the World ""Change the World"" is a song written by Tommy Sims, Gordon Kennedy, and Wayne Kirkpatrick whose best-known version was recorded by the British recording artist Eric Clapton for the soundtrack of the 1996 film, ""Phenomenon"". The track was produced by R&B record producer Kenneth ""Babyface"" Edmonds. The single release, Clapton recorded for Reprise and Warner Bros. Records, reached the Top 40 in twenty countries and topped the charts in Canada as well as ""Billboard"" magazine's Adult Contemporary and Adult Top 40 charts in the United States. The single was prized with eight awards, among them three Grammy

Although the song was featured prominently in the 1992 film ""Malcolm X"", it could not be included in the film's soundtrack. By 2003, however, the disputes had been settled in time for the song to be included on the remastered version of ""Ain't That Good News"", as well as the Cooke anthology ""Portrait of a Legend"". A live rendition was included in the soundtrack to the 2001 Michael Mann film ""Ali"". James Taylor recorded a version specially for an episode of the same title of the television drama ""The West Wing"". The Allman Brothers Band captured their performance of the

Sam Cooke was fatally shot at a Los Angeles motel. ""A Change Is Gonna Come"" became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement, and is widely considered Cooke's best composition. Over the years, the song has garnered significant praise and, in 2005, was voted number 12 by representatives of the music industry and press in ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and voted number 3 in the webzine Pitchfork Media's The 200 Greatest Songs of the 60s. The song is also among three hundred songs deemed the most important ever recorded by National Public Radio (NPR) and

"Licence to Kill (soundtrack)"
version based on the James Bond Theme. The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick. The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, based on the ""horn line"" from ""Goldfinger"", which required royalty payments to the original writers. At 5 minutes 13 seconds it is the longest Bond theme, though 45 single releases featured a shorter edit, running 4 minutes 11 seconds. The music video

"Licence to Kill"
seen as an homage to the film of the same name, which required royalty payments to the original writers. The song gave Knight her first British top-ten hit since 1977. The end credits feature the Top 10 R&B hit ""If You Asked Me To"", sung by Patti LaBelle. John Barry was not available at the time due to throat surgery, so the soundtrack's score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen, who was known for scoring many action films at the time, such as ""Lethal Weapon"" and ""Die Hard"". Glen said he picked Kamen, feeling he could give ""the closest

"Licence to Kill (song)"
Licence to Kill (song) ""Licence to Kill"" is a 1989 song by Gladys Knight, written and recorded for the James Bond film ""Licence to Kill"", also from 1989. It was written by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff. Release as a single in May 1989, the song became a top-ten hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number six and becoming Knight's last charting solo single there. The song charted very strongly in Europe, peaking atop the Swedish Singles Chart for eight weeks and reaching the top five in seven other European countries. It also peaked at number

"Licensed to Kill (1965 film)"
had great financial success after cheaply purchasing an Italian film called ""Hercules"" and releasing it in America with a massive publicity campaign, and decided to do the same with ""Licensed to Kill"". However, the American release reedited the film by having the opening assassination performed by a Mum pulling a Sten gun out of her pram of twins changing to a pre-credit scene. Levine engaged songwriters Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen to write a title song performed by Sammy Davis Jr and arranged and conducted by Claus Ogerman over the credits with the new title. The American release then

of ""Licence to Kill"" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, ""GoldenEye"". All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song ""If You Asked Me To"" sung by Patti LaBelle. Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992, the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion. The track

Licence to Kill (soundtrack) The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from ""From Russia with Love"" onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen. Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to ""Licence to Kill"". The theme was said to have been a new

Licensed to Kill (1965 film) Licensed to Kill is an Eastmancolor 1965 superspy imitation James Bond film starring Tom Adams as British secret agent Charles Vine. It was directed and co-written by Lindsay Shonteff. Producer Joseph E. Levine picked it up for American and worldwide distribution and reedited it under the title The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World. The theme song for the American version, composed by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen and performed by Sammy Davis, Jr., is used in the 2011 film drama ""Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy"". Facing numerous assassination attempts, a Swedish

tilt onto its side, it was not necessary as Julienne was able to pull off the stunt without the aid of camera trickery. Initially Vic Flick, who had played lead guitar on Monty Norman's original 007 theme, and Eric Clapton were asked to write and perform the theme song to ""Licence to Kill"" and they produced a theme to match Dalton's gritty performance, but the producers turned it down and instead Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen. The song (one of the longest to ever be used in a Bond film) was based on the ""horn line"" from ""Goldfinger"",

79 on Canada's ""RPM"" Top Singles chart. 7"" Single A - ""Licence to Kill"" - 4:11 B - ""Pam"" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) 12"" Single A - ""Licence to Kill"" (Extended Version) - 5:13 B1 - ""Pam"" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) B2 - ""Licence to Kill"" - 4:11 In 2017, musician and producer Fernando Perdomo collaborated with former Pink Floyd backing vocalist and Blue Pearl lead singer, Durga McBroom, recording the song for the multi-artist compilation album, ""Songs, Bond Songs: The Music Of 007"". Licence to

"Lethal Weapon (soundtrack)"
Lethal Weapon (soundtrack) Lethal Weapon is a soundtrack album of the 1987 film ""Lethal Weapon"". It is performed and composed by Michael Kamen, Eric Clapton and David Sanborn, with the title track performed by Honeymoon Suite, was originally released on audio cassette and CD in 1987. The score features a blend of orchestral music, jazz and smooth rock. In April 2002 a Limited edition Score of 3,000 numbered copies was released. This release featured several unreleased tracks, including the cue from the famous ""Hollywood Blvd. Chase"" sequence (a recurring cue in both ""Lethal Weapon 2"" and ""Lethal Weapon 3""). In

Legends of Tomorrow (season 3) The third season of the American television series ""Legends of Tomorrow"", which is based on characters from DC Comics, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017 and ran for 18 episodes until April 9, 2018. The season follows the Legends, a dysfunctional team of time-traveling superheroes and anti-heroes, and their mission to correct anachronisms in time that they unintentionally caused. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of ""Arrow"" and ""The Flash"". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros.

Television, and DC Entertainment, with Phil Klemmer serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017. Production began that July and ended in February 2018. Principal cast members Victor Garber, Brandon Routh, Caity Lotz, Franz Drameh, Maisie Richardson-Sellers, Amy Pemberton, Nick Zano, and Dominic Purcell return from previous seasons. They are joined by new cast members Tala Ashe and ""The Flash"" alum Keiynan Lonsdale. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2017, ""Legends of Tomorrow"" was renewed by The CW for a third season. Showrunner Phil Klemmer said the season would be ""more in the world of the occult and monsters"", unlike the

""Legends of Tomorrow"" on November 28. The third season began airing on October 10, 2017 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 9, 2018. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It was released on Blu-Ray on September 25, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.27/10 based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, """"DC's Legends of Tomorrow"" lightens up the tone in its third season while spotlighting adventurous plots and a distinct

season as a regular as he departed after the season finale, citing his desire to seek other acting opportunities. Arthur Darvill, who played Rip Hunter as a main cast member in the first two seasons, was demoted to a recurring cast member for the third season. Numerous actors returned in their roles from other Arrowvverse series in recurring capacity, such as Neal McDonough as Damien Darhk, David Sobolov as the voice of Grodd, Christina Brucato as Lily Stein, and Matt Ryan as John Constantine. Tracy Ifeachor was cast as Jiwe's granddaughter Kuasa, replacing Anika Noni Rose who voiced the character

in plaster from my shoulders up with just two breathing holes for two hours. They then created a whole new face and neck for me that was glued on and spray painted over the course of four hours. The end result was freakishly convincing."" In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series ""Supergirl"", ""The Flash"", ""Legends of Tomorrow"", and ""Arrow"". The crossover, ""Crisis on Earth-X"", began with ""Supergirl"" and a special airing of ""Arrow"" on November 27, 2017, and concluded on ""The Flash"" and

"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)"
his reason being his desire to seek other acting opportunities. This is the first season not to feature Arthur Darvill, who starred as Rip Hunter in the first two seasons, and recurred in the third season. It is also the first not to feature Victor Garber and Franz Drameh, who starred as Martin Stein and Jefferson Jackson respectively, in the previous seasons. Production for the season began on July 5, 2018, in Vancouver, and is expected to conclude on January 24, 2019. On June 20, The CW released its fall schedule, revealing that the series would move from the 8:00

in the animated web series ""Vixen"", and Courtney Ford was cast as Darhk's daughter Nora, previously played by Tuesday Hoffman on ""Arrow"". Sellers' mother Joy Richardson recurred as Jiwe's vision quest ancestor. Wentworth Miller, who played Leonard Snart / Captain Cold as a regular in season 1 and recurred in season 2, returned to play the character's Earth-X doppelganger Leo Snart. This was the final season of the series to feature him. John Noble voiced Mallus, the season's main antagonist, but the character's true form is not revealed until the season's penultimate episode ""Guest Starring John Noble"", where Noble also

the episode ""Return of the Mack"". ""Legends of Tomorrow"" co-creator Marc Guggenheim explained that, part of the motivation for adding a Muslim superhero (Zari) to the series was the ""political climate"" in the US after the 2016 elections. Pemberton physically portrayed Gideon in the episode ""Here I Go Again"", unlike most episodes where she only voiced the character. This was the final season to feature Garber and Drameh as regulars; both left midway through the season, with the latter returning for the season finale, while the former left to resume his career in Broadway theatre. It also remains Lonsdale's only

pm Monday time-slot to the 9:00 pm time-slot, to serve as the lead-out to ""Arrow"". The season began airing in the United States on The CW on October 22, 2018. The main cast of the season as well as Phil Klemmer attended San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2018, to promote the season. On October 15, 2018, Routh released a mock political ad on his Twitter page, voiced by Zano. The ad jokingly claimed that ""Arrow"", ""The Flash"", and ""Supergirl"" were trying to keep attention away from ""Legends of Tomorrow"", followed by many headlines as well as real and fake

"Anaconda (Nicki Minaj song)"
Anaconda (Nicki Minaj song) ""Anaconda"" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj, from her third studio album, ""The Pinkprint"" (2014). It was released on August 4, 2014 by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Republic Records as the second single from the album. The song was produced by Polow da Don, DJ Spider, and Da Internz. The song prominently samples ""Baby Got Back"" (1992) by Sir Mix-a-Lot. The song peaked at number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, consequently becoming Minaj's highest charting single in the United States to date and being blocked at the

"Get None"
Get None ""Get None"" is a song performed by American contemporary R&B singer Tamar Braxton (then credited mononymously as Tamar). It is the opening track on her eponymous debut studio album and was issued as the album's first single. The song features raps from American hip hop musicians Jermaine Dupri and Amil and uncredited background vocals performed by Mýa. Mýa originally recorded her own version for her album ""Fear of Flying"", but it didn't make it onto the album. It peaked at #59 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart in 1999. The official music video for the song was directed by

at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards and also performed it at Fashion Rocks and the iHeartRadio Music Festival. ""Anaconda"" was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 2015 Grammy Awards. The song was also nominated for two categories at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, Best Female Video and Best Hip-Hop Video, winning the latter. On August 5, 2014, producer Polow da Don claimed the ""Anaconda"" instrumental was originally intended for rapper and musician Missy Elliott, but was scrapped and then re-recorded by Minaj. However, on August 24, 2014, Elliott revealed to fans and followers via her Twitter account

"Get None"
Darren Grant and premiered on October 18, 1999. Get None ""Get None"" is a song performed by American contemporary R&B singer Tamar Braxton (then credited mononymously as Tamar). It is the opening track on her eponymous debut studio album and was issued as the album's first single. The song features raps from American hip hop musicians Jermaine Dupri and Amil and uncredited background vocals performed by Mýa. Mýa originally recorded her own version for her album ""Fear of Flying"", but it didn't make it onto the album. It peaked at #59 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart in 1999. The official

"Natty Dread"
performed by artists as diverse as Boney M. (sung by Liz Mitchell), The Fugees, Pearl Jam, Jimmy Buffett, Rancid and Gilberto Gil. Songwriting credit for ""No Woman, No Cry"" went to ""V. Ford"". Vincent Ford, better known as ""Tartar"" to his friends and neighbors, had been a kind friend of Marley as a child in Trenchtown. Marley claimed he would have starved to death on several occasions as a child if not for the aid of Tartar. The original version of the song was in gospel style, featuring Peter Tosh and some unknown female backing vocals and was cut for

"Ana's Song (Open Fire)"
Ana's Song (Open Fire) ""Ana's Song (Open Fire)"" is an alternative rock song by Australian group Silverchair which was released in May 1999 as the second single from their third album, ""Neon Ballroom"". The track earned Silverchair a Comet Award in Germany. ""Ana's Song (Open Fire)"" is a single issued in May 1999 by Australian alternative rock band, Silverchair. It was written by the group's lead singer, Daniel Johns. In 1999, Johns announced that he had developed the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, due to anxiety/depression. Johns noted that the lyrics to ""Ana's Song (Open Fire)"" dealt with his disorder, where

"No Woman, No Cry"
Songs of All Time. Though Bob Marley may have written the song, or at least the melody, songwriter credits were given to Vincent Ford, a friend of Marley's who ran a soup kitchen in Trenchtown, the ghetto of Kingston, Jamaica where Marley grew up. The royalty payments received by Ford ensured his efforts would continue. On Natty Dread, Jean Roussel provided the arrangement and Hammond organ parts for this recording. The title and main refrain, ""No Woman, No Cry"" is rendered ""No, woman, nuh cry"" in Jamaican Patois. The ""nuh"" is pronounced with a short schwa vowel (a ""mumbled"" vowel,

group of bunnies in the 2016 movie, ""Sing"". Due to the explicit lyrics of the song, they only sang the lines, ""Oh, my, gosh. Look at her butt"". A remix of the line was released on the deluxe version of the and was entitled ""OH. MY. GOSH."" The song was used as the first “lip-sync for your legacy” song on the third season of """". As the two challenge winners, contestants Aja and BenDeLaCreme lip-synced to the song, with BenDeLaCreme winning. Anaconda (Nicki Minaj song) ""Anaconda"" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj, from her third studio

"Ana Ng"
Ana Ng ""Ana Ng"" ( ) is a song by alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. It was released as the lead single from the band's 1988 album ""Lincoln"". Although the song was their first US chart appearance, hitting #11 on the US Modern Rock chart, the single was never officially released in the US. It was only released for promotional purposes in the US, and saw official releases in 1989 in the United Kingdom (as a maxi-single), Australia, and later, in 1991, in Europe. The title of the track came from an experience the Johns had when they

"Indian Rebellion of 1857"
for nationalists, especially in Ireland. Bahadur Shah was arrested at Humanyun's tomb and tried for treason by a military commission assembled at Delhi, and exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862, bringing the Mughal dynasty to an end. In 1877 Queen Victoria took the title of Empress of India on the advice of Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli. The rebellion saw the end of the East India Company's rule in India. In August, by the Government of India Act 1858, the company was formally dissolved and its ruling powers over India were transferred to the British Crown. A new British

or going into great debt to money lenders, and providing ultimately a reason to rebel; money lenders, in addition to the Company, were particular objects of the rebels' animosity. The civilian rebellion was also highly uneven in its geographic distribution, even in areas of north-central India that were no longer under British control. For example, the relatively prosperous Muzaffarnagar district, a beneficiary of a Company irrigation scheme, and next door to Meerut, where the upheaval began, stayed relatively calm throughout. ""Utilitarian and evangelical-inspired social reform"", including the abolition of sati and the legalisation of widow remarriage were considered by many—especially

Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company-controlled India—the Bengal Presidency, the Bombay Presidency and the Madras Presidency—remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikhs crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states (Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir), as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the words of Governor-General Lord Canning, as ""breakwaters in a storm"". In some regions, most notably in Awadh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence and power. However, the rebel leaders

of southern India remained passive, with only intermittent outbreaks of violence. Many parts of the region were ruled by the Nizams or the Mysore royalty, and were thus not directly under British rule. Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed the Emperor of the whole of India. Most contemporary and modern accounts suggest that he was coerced by the sepoys and his courtiers to sign the proclamation against his will. In spite of the significant loss of power that the Mughal dynasty had suffered in the preceding centuries, their name still carried great prestige across northern India. Civilians, nobility and other dignitaries

town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then spread, creating other mutinies and civilian rebellions, chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though other incidents also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities formally to have ended until 8 July 1859. The Indian rebellion arose as a

proclaimed no articles of faith that presaged a new political system. Even so, the rebellion proved to be an important watershed in Indian and British Empire history. It led to the dissolution of the East India Company, and forced the British to reorganize the army, the financial system, and the administration in India, through the passage of the Government of India Act 1858. India was thereafter administered directly by the British government in the new British Raj. On 1 November 1858, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation to Indians, which while lacking the authority of a constitutional provision, promised rights similar

to be killed by hanging. Neill's methods were ""ruthless and horrible"" and far from intimidating the population, may well have induced previously undecided sepoys and communities to revolt. Neill was killed in action at Lucknow on 26 September and was never called to account for his punitive measures, though contemporary British sources lionised him and his ""gallant blue caps"". When the British retook Cawnpore, the soldiers took their sepoy prisoners to the Bibighar and forced them to lick the bloodstains from the walls and floor. They then hanged or ""blew from the cannon"", the traditional Mughal punishment for mutiny, the

Emperor Shah Alam II. After his defeat, the emperor granted the Company the right to the ""collection of Revenue"" in the provinces of Bengal (modern day Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha), known as ""Diwani"" to the Company. The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; later, the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of even more of India. In 1806, the Vellore Mutiny was sparked by new uniform regulations that created resentment amongst both Hindu and Muslim sepoys. After the turn of the 19th century, Governor-General Wellesley began what became two

the caste privileges and customs within the Bengal Army, which recruited its regular soldiers almost exclusively amongst the landowning Brahmins and Rajputs of the Bihar and Awadh regions. These soldiers were known as Purbiyas. By the time these customs and privileges came to be threatened by modernising regimes in Calcutta from the 1840s onwards, the sepoys had become accustomed to very high ritual status and were extremely sensitive to suggestions that their caste might be polluted. The sepoys also gradually became dissatisfied with various other aspects of army life. Their pay was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab

been killed during the war, with 100,000 of them being civilians. The general population in places such as Delhi, Allahabad, Kanpur and Lucknow was massacred after being recaptured by British forces. Another notable atrocity was carried out by General Neill who massacred thousands of Indian mutineers and Indian civilians suspected of supporting the rebellion. The rebels' murder of women, children and wounded British soldiers at Cawnpore, and the subsequent printing of the events in the British papers, left many British soldiers outraged and seeking revenge. As well as hanging mutineers, the British had some ""blown from cannon,"" (an old Mughal

name three large lakes other than the great lakes in the united states

"Great Lakes"
Great Lakes The Great Lakes (), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, although hydrologically, there are four lakes, Superior, Erie, Ontario, and Michigan-Huron. The lakes are interconnected by the Great Lakes Waterway. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest

by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is , slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as ""inland seas"". Not counting Lake Michigan-Huron, Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan

the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four

form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east-central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ""inland lakes,"" within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to

is the world's largest lake located on a freshwater island. Some of these lakes even have their own islands, like Treasure Island in Lake Mindemoya in Manitoulin Island The Great Lakes also have several peninsulas between them, including the Door Peninsula, the Peninsulas of Michigan, and the Ontario Peninsula. Some of these peninsulas even contain smaller peninsulas, like the Keweenaw Peninsula, the Thumb Peninsula, the Bruce Peninsula, and the Niagara Peninsula. Population centers on the peninsulas include Grand Rapids, Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, London, Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario, and Toronto, Ontario. The Saint Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes Waterway make the Great

is approximately —nearly the same size as the United Kingdom, and larger than the U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire combined.<ref name=""Taylor/Schechter/Wolfson""></ref> The Great Lakes coast measures approximately ; however, the length of a coastline is impossible to measure exactly and is not a well-defined measure (see Coastline paradox). Of the total of shoreline, Canada borders approximately , while the remaining are bordered by the United States. Michigan has the longest shoreline of the United States, bordering roughly of shoreline, followed by Wisconsin (), New York (), and Ohio (). Traversing

Lake Michigan–Huron, because they are one hydrological body of water connected by the Straits of Mackinac. The straits are wide and deep; the water levels – currently at – rise and fall together, and the flow between Michigan and Huron frequently reverses direction. Dispersed throughout the Great Lakes are approximately 35,000 islands. The largest among them is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron, the largest island in any inland body of water in the world. The second-largest island is Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Both of these islands are large enough to contain multiple lakes themselves—for instance, Manitoulin Island's Lake Manitou

Lake
the following five characteristics: With the exception of the seawater intrusion criterion, the others have been accepted or elaborated upon by other hydrology publications. The majority of lakes on Earth are freshwater, and most lie in the Northern Hemisphere at higher latitudes. Canada, with a deranged drainage system has an estimated 31,752 lakes larger than and an unknown total number of lakes, but is estimated to be at least 2 million. Finland has 187,888 lakes or larger, of which 56,000 are large ( or larger). Most lakes have at least one natural outflow in the form of a river or

its impact on the environment. On December 18, 2006, the Coast Guard announced its decision to withdraw the entire proposal. Officials said they would look into alternative ammunition, modifying the proposed zones and have more public dialogue before proposing a new plan. Dynamically updated data Great Lakes The Great Lakes (), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of

these waterways is heavy. Pleasure boats can also enter or exit the Great Lakes by way of the Erie Canal and Hudson River in New York. The Erie Canal connects to the Great Lakes at the east end of Lake Erie (at Buffalo, New York) and at the south side of Lake Ontario (at Oswego, New York). In 2009, the lakes contained 84% of the surface freshwater of North America; if the water were evenly distributed over the entire continent's land area, it would reach a depth of 1.5 meters (5 feet). The source of water levels in the lakes

"I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore"
I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (often stylized I don't feel at home in this world anymore.) is a 2017 American comedy thriller film written and directed by Macon Blair in his directorial debut. It stars Melanie Lynskey, Elijah Wood, David Yow, Jane Levy and Devon Graye. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2017; it went on to win the Grand Jury Prize for the U.S. Dramatic competition. It was released by Netflix on 24 February 2017. Nursing assistant Ruth

"In This World (song)"
In This World (song) ""In This World"" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It was released as the third single from his sixth studio album ""18"" on November 4, 2002. It peaked at number 35 on the UK Singles Chart. This song samples Jackie Verdell's vocal from ""Lord, Don't Leave Me"" by The Davis Sisters. The music video for ""In This World"", directed by Style Wars, features aliens from a small asteroid, who are planning a manned mission to the Earth bringing customary Earth greetings, including ""Hello"", ""Hi"", and ""Hola"". Three aliens and their dog-like creature then board

"Everywhere That I'm Not"
Everywhere That I'm Not ""Everywhere That I'm Not"" was a hit single for San Francisco group Translator in 1982, from the Columbia/415 album ""Heartbeats And Triggers"". It is said by many fans and critics that the band's signature song was mourning the loss of John Lennon, but this is a mistaken claim. The band's memorial to Lennon was actually another of their songs; the similarly titled ""Everywhere"", from the same album this single comes from. Coincidentally, the songs' producer, David Kahne, would later produce records for Paul McCartney. The song was a hit on US college radio but achieved only

"There's No Home for You Here"
idea was to see how far we could go with an eight track recorder, and I think how far we went is too far."" There's No Home for You Here ""There's No Home for You Here"" is a song by American alternative rock band The White Stripes, featured on their 2003 fourth studio album ""Elephant"". It was released as the fourth single from the album on March 15, 2004 in the United Kingdom. The B-side of the 7"" vinyl record is a medley of ""I Fought Piranhas"" and ""Let's Build a Home"" – from ""The White Stripes"" (1999) and ""De

"An Empty Bliss Beyond This World"
An Empty Bliss Beyond This World An empty bliss beyond this World is a studio album of The Caretaker, an ambient music project of English musician James Kirby. The LP uses samples of pre-World War II vinyl ballroom jazz records Kirby bought very cheaply at a Brooklyn store in December 2010. The record's editing of the audio sources is based on a study regarding people with alzheimer's disease being able to remember music they listened to when they were younger, as well as where they were and how they felt when they listened to it. ""An empty bliss beyond this

of ""The Top 130 Albums"" of the previous five years by ""Beats per Minute"". An Empty Bliss Beyond This World An empty bliss beyond this World is a studio album of The Caretaker, an ambient music project of English musician James Kirby. The LP uses samples of pre-World War II vinyl ballroom jazz records Kirby bought very cheaply at a Brooklyn store in December 2010. The record's editing of the audio sources is based on a study regarding people with alzheimer's disease being able to remember music they listened to when they were younger, as well as where they were

"There's No Place Like London"
There's No Place Like London ""There's No Place Like London"" is a song co-written by Lynsey de Paul and Gerard Kenny, and held by the British Library that was published by Lynsey de Paul Music/Chelsea Publishing Co Ltd/Arlon Music/Chappell Music. It was first recorded by Shirley Bassey backed with a 54 piece orchestra, produced by de Paul and released as a single in 1986. It was her last single for the independent British record label Towerbell Records and, unusually, the song starts with the chorus rather than a verse. A promotional video was made that featured Bassey's daughter Sharon and

"Temporary People"
Temporary People Temporary People is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Joseph Arthur, released on September 30, 2008 on Lonely Astronaut Records. Co-produced by both Arthur and Kenny Siegal - who had previously worked with Arthur on ""Nuclear Daydream"" (2006) - the album was recorded with backing band The Lonely Astronauts, and features guest musician Garth Hudson on organ and piano. The album was preceded by the release of four solo EPs - ""Could We Survive"", ""Crazy Rain"", ""Vagabond Skies"" and ""Foreign Girls"" - with Arthur later stating that ""Temporary People""'s overall impact and reception was affected by this:

There's No Home for You Here ""There's No Home for You Here"" is a song by American alternative rock band The White Stripes, featured on their 2003 fourth studio album ""Elephant"". It was released as the fourth single from the album on March 15, 2004 in the United Kingdom. The B-side of the 7"" vinyl record is a medley of ""I Fought Piranhas"" and ""Let's Build a Home"" – from ""The White Stripes"" (1999) and ""De Stijl"" (2000), respectively – recorded at Electric Lady Studios on November 16, 2003. The single failed to chart. Of the track, Jack said, ""Our

"Life in Tokyo"
Life in Tokyo Life in Tokyo is a song by the British band Japan. A collaboration with disco producer Giorgio Moroder, who also co-wrote the song with David Sylvian, it marked a change of direction from the bands previous sound. Originally released as a single in 1979, it was reissued twice before it finally became a hit on The UK Singles Chart in 1982. The song was written by Giorgio Moroder and band vocalist David Sylvian. The musical style is in line with Moroder's electronic disco style as already employed on albums by Donna Summer, Munich Machine and on his

Autumn
settlers took the English language with them. While the term ""fall"" gradually became obsolete in Britain, it became the more common term in North America. The name ""backend"", a once common name for the season in Northern England, has today been largely replaced by the name autumn. Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary harvest, has dominated its themes and popular images. In Western cultures, personifications of autumn are usually pretty, well-fed females adorned with fruits, vegetables and grains that ripen at this time. Many cultures feature autumnal

Autumn
season traces its origins to old Germanic languages. The exact derivation is unclear, with the Old English ' or ' and the Old Norse """" all being possible candidates. However, these words all have the meaning ""to fall from a height"" and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other. The term came to denote the season in 16th-century England, a contraction of Middle English expressions like ""fall of the leaf"" and ""fall of the year"". During the 17th century, English emigration to the British colonies in North America was at its peak, and the new

Autumn
16th century, it was in common use. Before the 16th century, ""harvest"" was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day (cf. Dutch ', German ' and Scots """"). However, as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns, the word ""harvest"" lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and ""autumn"", as well as ""fall"", began to replace it as a reference to the season. The alternative word ""fall"" for the

Autumn
Autumn Autumn, also known as fall in US English and sometimes in Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons. Autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere), when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools down considerably. One of its main features is the shedding of leaves from deciduous trees. Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as ""mid-autumn"", while others with a longer temperature lag treat it as the start of autumn. Meteorologists (and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere) use a definition

Autumn
melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather. This view is presented in English poet John Keats' poem ""To Autumn"", where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of 'mellow fruitfulness'. In North America, while most foods are harvested during the autumn, foods particularly associated with the season include pumpkins (which are integral parts of both Thanksgiving and Halloween) and apples, which are used to make the seasonal beverage apple cider. Autumn, especially in poetry, has often been associated with melancholia. The possibilities and opportunities of summer are gone, and the chill of winter

Autumn
coloured autumn foliage is noted in various regions of the world: most of North America, Eastern Asia (including China, Korea, and Japan), Europe, the forest of Patagonia, eastern Australia and New Zealand's South Island. Eastern Canada and New England are famous for their autumnal foliage, and this attracts major tourism (worth billions of US dollars) for the regions. Autumn Autumn, also known as fall in US English and sometimes in Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons. Autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere), when the duration of daylight

Autumn
by strong, painful feelings of sorrow. Keats' ""To Autumn"", written in September 1819, echoes this sense of melancholic reflection, but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season. The song, Autumn Leaves, which is based on a French song, "" ""Les Feuilles mortes"", uses the melancholic atmosphere of the season and the end of summer as a simile to compare to the mood of being separated from a loved one. Autumn is associated with Halloween (influenced by Samhain, a Celtic autumn festival), and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it. Halloween is in autumn in the northern hemisphere.

Autumn
is on the horizon. Skies turn grey, the amount of usable daylight drops rapidly, and many people turn inward, both physically and mentally. It has been referred to as an unhealthy season. Similar examples may be found in Irish poet William Butler Yeats' poem ""The Wild Swans at Coole"" where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own ageing self. Like the natural world that he observes, he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death. French poet Paul Verlaine's """"Chanson d'automne"""" (""Autumn Song"") is likewise characterised

Autumn
of All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day are observed in autumn in the Northern hemisphere. Since 1997, Autumn has been one of the top 100 names for girls in the United States. In Indian mythology, autumn is considered to be the preferred season for the goddess of learning Saraswati, who is also known by the name of ""goddess of autumn"" (Sharada). In Asian mysticism, Autumn is associated with the element of metal, and subsequently with the colour white, the White Tiger of the West, and death and mourning. Although colour change in leaves occurs wherever deciduous trees are found,

Autumn
based on Gregorian calendar months, with autumn being September, October, and November in the northern hemisphere, and March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere. In North America, autumn traditionally starts on September 21 and ends on December 21. It is considered to start with the September equinox (21 to 24 September) and end with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December). Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date. As daytime

"Shooting an Elephant"
Shooting an Elephant ""Shooting an Elephant"" is an essay by English writer George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine ""New Writing"" in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948. The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma. Because the locals expect him to do the job, he does so against his better judgment, his anguish increased by the elephant's slow and painful death. The story is regarded as a metaphor for British imperialism, and

questioned Orwell's wife, Sonia Brownell, she replied, ""Of course he shot a fucking a [sic] elephant. He said he did. Why do you always doubt his word!"" Shooting an Elephant ""Shooting an Elephant"" is an essay by English writer George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine ""New Writing"" in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948. The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma. Because the locals expect him to do the job, he

"Standing Up in the Milky Way"
episode, Tyson discusses the life and vision of the 16th-century Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) as the person who championed a much more expansive understanding of the Earth's place in the universe, with the Sun being just one star among all the others. (Tyson subsequently dismisses Bruno's visionary experiences as unscientific, but is sympathetic to the persecution he suffered.) Later, he presents the history of the Universe on Carl Sagan's Cosmic Calendar. The episode ends with Tyson's brief speech about Carl Sagan's life and career, and how Sagan inspired him to become an astrophysicist. Ann Druyan, Steven

he is cornered into doing what the ""natives"" expect of him: ""He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it."" "" In Moulmein, the narrator—Orwell, writing in the first person—is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment. Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese, his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power. As such, he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people. After receiving a call regarding a normally tame elephant's rampage, the narrator, armed with a .44 caliber Winchester rifle and riding on a pony,

"The Fight (The Office)"
gang members. Several popular quotes are misused in the episode: Michael consistently misuses the phrase ""Catch-22"", and Dwight mistakes the phrase ""tit for tat"" as ""tit for tit"". Several noted films are referenced in the episode. After grabbing Dwight in a sleeper hold, Michael nonsensically shouts out ""Bedtime for Bonzo"", a 1951 movie starring Ronald Reagan. Michael notes that Dwight cried at the end of ""Armageddon"", a 1998 science fiction action movie starring Bruce Willis. Michael's line ""You talkin' to me?"" is a line performed by Robert De Niro in the movie ""Taxi Driver"". Michael mis-attributes it to Al Pacino

"Elephant (2003 film)"
screams. The two boys separate, continuing their killing spree. Alex enters the bathroom where three popular girls named Brittany, Jordan and Nicole are, presumably shooting all three. The school principal, Mr. Luce, cornered by Eric in a hallway, begs Eric to lower his weapon and talk to him, but Eric yells, ""I ain't putting ""shit"" down!"" and fires at him. He does speak to Mr. Luce, however; while he is doing so, he turns without warning to see an approaching Benny and shoots and kills him before Benny could stop Eric's attack. Eric turns back to Luce and warns him

"Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear"
with guest performers said to be confirmed for the event including musicians Sheryl Crow, The Roots and Jeff Tweedy with Mavis Staples along with actors Don Novello (appearing as Father Guido Sarducci) and Sam Waterston. Other guests included 4troops, Yusuf Islam – formerly known as Cat Stevens, Ozzy Osbourne, The O'Jays, John Legend, Kid Rock, Tony Bennett, ""Mythbusters"" hosts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, basketball player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and R2-D2. Satirical comedy was woven throughout the rally with Colbert expressing, in parody, that fear was superior to Stewart's reasonableness. The theme started with Colbert—costumed like Evel Knievel—emerging from his ""fear

to take heed of what's happened from bullied students and initially lets Mr. Luce go, before smiling evilly and changing his mind by firing several shots down the hall that strike and kill the principal. Alex enters the cafeteria, which is strewn with overturned chairs, backpacks, several dead bodies, and numerous abandoned half-eaten lunches, and sits down. Alex picks up a cup from an abandoned lunch and casually drinks from it. Eric meets up with him, and they have a brief conversation, which ends when Alex shoots Eric in mid-sentence. Alex leaves the cafeteria, showing no emotion over shooting Eric,

"Sitting Bull (film)"
be his own worst enemy because he's not a ""team player"". Formerly one of the youngest Colonels in the Union Army during the American Civil War, he is now a company commander under Lt. Colonel (formerly Brevet Major General during the Civil War) George Armstrong Custer (Douglas Kennedy). His fiancée Kathy (Mary Murphy), daughter of Parrish's commanding general, breaks off their engagement because he has not risen in rank. Parrish gains no friends amongst the civilian community when he chastises them and threatens to ""break heads"" when they violate Sioux lands. Custer and Parrish's exasperated General and once prospective father-in-law

"Elephant Song (film)"
and displays signs of rationality and intelligence that draws the doctor deeper into the plot despite warnings by nurse Susan Peterson (Catherine Keener) to keep a distance from the patient. Dr. Greene is assigned to investigate Michael's involvement as Michael draws the doctor into his plot by convincing him not to read his files, but rather form his own opinion based on what Michael has to offer in explanations. Michael continues revealing his troubled experiences with parents. The elephant connection is from his sole meeting with his father in a nature reserve, when the father kills an elephant in front

the part of the cytoskeleton made from the protein actin is called

Actin
the control of the structure's size is totally apical and it is controlled in some way by gene expression, that is, by the total quantity of protein monomer synthesized in any given moment. The actin cytoskeleton ""in vivo"" is not exclusively composed of actin, other proteins are required for its formation, continuance and function. These proteins are called ""actin-binding proteins"" (ABP) and they are involved in actin's polymerization, depolymerization, stability, organisation in bundles or networks, fragmentation and destruction. The diversity of these proteins is such that actin is thought to be the protein that takes part in the greatest number

Actin
Actin Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells (the only known exception being nematode sperm), where it may be present at a concentration of over 100 μM; its mass is roughly 42-kDa, with a diameter of 4 to 7 nm. An actin protein is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. It can be present as either a free monomer called G-actin (globular) or

Actin
While its C-terminus is alkaline and is formed by a phenylalanine preceded by a cysteine, which has a degree of functional importance. Both extremes are in close proximity within the I-subdomain. An anomalous ""N""-methylhistidine is located at position 73. The tertiary structure is formed by two domains known as the large and the small, which are separated by a cleft centred around the location of the bond with ATP-ADP+P. Below this there is a deeper notch called a “groove”. In the native state, despite their names, both have a comparable depth. The normal convention in topological studies means that a

Actin
are still not fully understood. Although there is much debate on this issue, it seems certain that a ""closed"" conformation is required for the hydrolysis of ATP, and it is thought that the residues that are involved in the process move to the appropriate distance. The glutamic acid Glu137 is one of the key residues, which is located in subdomain 1. Its function is to bind the water molecule that produces a nucleophilic attack on the ATP's γ-phosphate bond, while the nucleotide is strongly bound to subdomains 3 and 4. The slowness of the catalytic process is due to the

Actin
filaments depending on the concentration of calcium cations in the surrounding medium. Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes, where it is found throughout the cytoplasm. In fact, in muscle fibres it comprises 20% of total cellular protein by weight and between 1% and 5% in other cells. However, there is not only one type of actin; the genes that code for actin are defined as a gene family (a family that in plants contains more than 60 elements, including genes and pseudogenes and in humans more than 30 elements). This means that the genetic information of

Actin
protein is shown with the biggest domain on the left-hand side and the smallest domain on the right-hand side. In this position the smaller domain is in turn divided into two: subdomain I (lower position, residues 1-32, 70-144 and 338-374) and subdomain II (upper position, residues 33-69). The larger domain is also divided in two: subdomain III (lower, residues 145-180 and 270-337) and subdomain IV (higher, residues 181-269). The exposed areas of subdomains I and III are referred to as the “barbed” ends, while the exposed areas of domains II and IV are termed the “pointed"" ends. This nomenclature refers

Actin
the actin homologue MreB has been identified, which is a protein that is capable of polymerizing into microfilaments; and in archaea the homologue Ta0583 is even more similar to the eukaryotic actins. Cellular actin has two forms: monomeric globules called G-actin and polymeric filaments called F-actin (that is, as filaments made up of many G-actin monomers). F-actin can also be described as a microfilament. Two parallel F-actin strands must rotate 166 degrees to lie correctly on top of each other. This creates the double helix structure of the microfilaments found in the cytoskeleton. Microfilaments measure approximately 7 nm in diameter

Actin
tissues, are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. It is believed that the diverse range of structures formed by actin enabling it to fulfill such a large range of functions is regulated through the binding of tropomyosin along the filaments. A cell's ability to dynamically form microfilaments provides the scaffolding that allows it to rapidly remodel itself in response to its environment or to the organism's internal signals, for example, to increase cell membrane absorption or increase

Actin
image and note). The contact when actin is delivered is so brief that a tertiary complex is not formed, immediately freeing the prefoldin. The CCT then causes actin's sequential folding by forming bonds with its subunits rather than simply enclosing it in its cavity. This is why it possesses specific recognition areas in its apical β-domain. The first stage in the folding consists of the recognition of residues 245-249. Next, other determinants establish contact. Both actin and tubulin bind to CCT in open conformations in the absence of ATP. In actin's case, two subunits are bound during each conformational change,

Actin
approximately 100-nucleotide 5' UTR, a 1200-nucleotide translated region, and a 200-nucleotide 3' UTR. The majority of actin genes are interrupted by introns, with up to six introns in any of 19 well-characterised locations. The high conservation of the family makes actin the favoured model for studies comparing the introns-early and introns-late models of intron evolution. All non-spherical prokaryotes appear to possess genes such as MreB, which encode homologues of actin; these genes are required for the cell's shape to be maintained. The plasmid-derived gene ParM encodes an actin-like protein whose polymerized form is dynamically unstable, and appears to partition the

week after the end of each season, with all celebrities talking about their experiences during the season, and answering questions from a live studio audience. Torvil and Dean themselves then made a special in-studio appearance towards the end, thanking the contestants, hosts and judges, and of course, the home viewers for their votes. Ten series have been broadcast, as summarised below. With the eleventh series to start in January 2019. From Series 1 to 8, there was an element that the skaters were required to perform as part of their routines. These required elements included: As of Series 9, the

new backstage host, Jordan Banjo. It was confirmed on 25 January 2018, that ""Dancing on Ice"" had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019. The series was announced in November 2004 and originally titled ""Stars on Thin Ice"", the show was renamed following the failure of ITV's celebrity oriented 2005 summer schedule. ""Dancing on Ice"" is frequently compared to the BBC's ""Strictly Come Dancing"". In 2004, the BBC aired a ""Strictly"" special entitled ""Strictly Ice Dancing at Christmas"", which was won by England goalkeeper David Seaman (who was a contestant in series 1 of ""Dancing on Ice"").

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)"
premiere for a spring season in 2019, but is set to return in the fall of 2019. The format of the show consists of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer. Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes. The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains. Tom Bergeron has been the host since the program's premiere in 2005. In season 1, his co-host was Lisa Canning. She was replaced by Samantha Harris for seasons 2

series in 2019. The presenters and judges are yet to be confirmed by ITV. The participating celebrities began being confirmed on 1 October 2018. All information in this table comes from BARB. including figures from ITV+1 and ITV HD channels Like many other reality TV shows, ""Dancing on Ice"" has had a number of supplementary shows. The first was ""Dancing on Ice Defrosted"". It was presented by Stephen Mulhern and aired on ITV2 immediately after the main ITV show and again after the results show. The show featured opinions from celebrity guests and past contestants as well as from Torvill

"World of Dance (TV series)"
than 25 countries, spanning the U.S., Europe, South America, and Asia. Videos captured from these events have driven more than 1 billion views online. The series' first season premiered on NBC on May 30, 2017, as a complement to ""America's Got Talent"". On June 29, 2017, ""World of Dance"" was renewed for a second season, and was renewed for a third in May 2018. While the format for season 2 remained relatively unchanged, there were a few slight alterations. Season 2 received a 16-episode order, six more than the ten-episode first season. Additionally, this season, a fourth category, Junior Team,

Dancing on Ice Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skating in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the show's contract was not renewed by ITV. On 4 September 2017, it was announced that a revived series would air on ITV from 7 January 2018 with Schofield and Willoughby returning as hosts alongside a

Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series ""Strictly Come Dancing"". The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen. Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen. The twenty-seventh season premiered on September 24, 2018, and its spin-off """" premiered on October 7, 2018. ""Dancing with the Stars"" will not

it was announced that the series would begin airing on October 7, 2018, with filming taking place during August 2018. Professional skateboarder Sky Brown, junior pro JT Church and pro mentor Alan Bernsten were announced as the winners on December 9th, 2018. An unofficial live tour show called ""Dancing Pros: Live!"" toured with several ""Dancing"" pros since 2010. A ""Dancing with the Stars: Live!"" official tour was announced on November 3, 2014, for the 2014–2015 season starting on December 27, 2014, in Niagara Falls, New York and ending February 15, 2015, hitting 33 cities. A second tour, “Dancing with the

"Snowfall (TV series)"
up by FX for a ten-episode season on September 30, 2016. On August 9, 2017, FX renewed ""Snowfall"" for a second season, which premiered on July 19, 2018. On September 19, 2018, FX renewed ""Snowfall"" for a third season. Outside of the United States, BBC Two aired the first series of ""Snowfall"" in the United Kingdom from October 8, 2017. The second series commenced broadcasting on October 6, 2018, with all ten episodes available as a box-set on BBC iPlayer ahead of their weekly television broadcast. The first series aired at 10:00pm on Sundays, with two episodes broadcasting back-to-back. The

"Cheddi Jagan"
Cheddi Jagan Cheddi Berret Jagan (22 March 1918 – 6 March 1997) was a Guyanese politician who was first elected Chief Minister in 1953 and later Premier of British Guiana from 1961 to 1964, prior to independence. He later served as President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997. He is widely regarded in Guyana as the ""Father of the Nation"". Cheddi Berret (Bharat) Jagan was born on 22 March 1918 in Port Mourant, a rural village in the county of Berbice (now part of modern-day Guyana), the eldest of 11 children born to parents of the Kurmi caste who came

"President of Guyana"
President of Guyana The President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana. The President is also the Chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. When Guyana was declared a republic in 1970, the president was elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term and possessed largely ceremonial powers. After a 1980 referendum, the constitution was amended to make the president an executive post, and the president became known as the executive

president. The leader of the party receiving the most votes in a General and Regional Election becomes president, and holds office for the legislature's duration—in practice, five years. Presidents are counted beginning with President Arthur Chung in 1970. Executive presidents are counted beginning with President Forbes Burnham (first executive president) in 1980. President of Guyana The President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana. The President is also the Chancellor of

"Constitution of Guyana"
cooperatives would provide the best path to development. The 1970 proclamation severed Guyana's last significant constitutional tie to Britain. The governor general, heretofore the ceremonial head of state, was replaced by a president, also a ceremonial figure. Arthur Chung, a Chinese-Guyanese, was the country's first president. Although its ties to the British monarch were broken, Guyana remained within the Commonwealth of Nations. Membership in the Commonwealth allowed Guyana to reap the benefits of access to markets in Britain and to retain some of the defense arrangements that Britain offered its former colonies. In particular, the British defense umbrella was seen

"Desmond Hoyte"
Desmond Hoyte Hugh Desmond Hoyte (9 March 1929 – 22 December 2002) was a Guyanese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992. Hoyte was born in Guyana's capital, Georgetown. He was educated at St Barnabas Anglican School and Progressive High School, before studying law in London, England. Back in British Guiana (as it was then called) in 1960 he set up private practice and became one of the leaders of the Guyana Bar Association. He entered Parliament as a member of the People's National Congress in 1968

"Donald Ramotar"
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas of January 2015 held in Gandhinagar, India. Donald Ramotar Donald Rabindranauth Ramotar (born 22 October 1950) is a Guyanese politician who was President of Guyana from 2011 to 2015. He was also the General Secretary of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) from 1997 to 2013. Ramotar joined the PPP in 1967 and was first elected to the PPP Central Committee in 1979; he joined the PPP Executive Committee in 1983. He received a certificate from the Government Technical Institute (GTI) in welding. From 1988 to 1993, he was International Secretary of the Guyana Agricultural Workers' Union. In

"Sam Hinds"
hindsi"". Sam Hinds Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds (born 27 December 1945) is a Guyanese politician who was Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously from 1992 to 2015. He also briefly served as President of Guyana in 1997. He was awarded Guyana's highest national award, the Order of Excellence (O.E.) in 2011. He first became Prime Minister under Cheddi Jagan in 1992, following the October 1992 election, which was won by an alliance of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) and Hinds' group, Civic. When Jagan died in March 1997, Hinds became President himself, and appointed Jagan's widow Janet as Prime Minister.

"History of Guyana"
widespread proxy and postal voting. Independent newspapers were given greater freedom, and political harassment abated considerably. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter visited Guyana to lobby for the resumption of free elections, and on October 5, 1992, a new National Assembly and regional councils were elected in the first Guyanese election since 1964 to be internationally recognized as free and fair. Cheddi Jagan of the PPP was elected and sworn in as President on October 9, 1992, reversing the monopoly Afro-Guyanese traditionally had over Guyanese politics. The poll was marred by violence however. A new International Monetary Fund Structural Adjustment programme

Sam Hinds Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds (born 27 December 1945) is a Guyanese politician who was Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously from 1992 to 2015. He also briefly served as President of Guyana in 1997. He was awarded Guyana's highest national award, the Order of Excellence (O.E.) in 2011. He first became Prime Minister under Cheddi Jagan in 1992, following the October 1992 election, which was won by an alliance of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) and Hinds' group, Civic. When Jagan died in March 1997, Hinds became President himself, and appointed Jagan's widow Janet as Prime Minister. For

the country was the British monarch, represented in Guyana by the governor general, who served in a largely ceremonial capacity. Real executive power rested in the prime minister, appointed by the majority party in the renamed National Assembly, and his ministers. The first post-independence elections in 1968 confirmed the dominant role of the PNC and its leader, Forbes Burnham. On February 23, 1970, the Burnham government proclaimed the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. This move had both economic and political ramifications. The government argued that the country's many resources had been controlled by foreign capitalists and that organizing the population into

"Wake Island"
June 18, 1947, on Guam. The remains of the murdered civilians were exhumed and reburied at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in section G. On September 4, 1945, the Japanese garrison surrendered to a detachment of United States Marines under the command of Brig. Gen. Lawson H. M. Sanderson. At that point the garrison had been almost cut off from supplies since the 1943 air raids, and was reduced to the point of starvation. While the islands' sooty tern colony had received some protection as a source of eggs, the Wake Island rail was hunted to extinction by

Island, located approximately halfway between Honolulu and Manila, as a good location for a telegraph cable station and coaling station for refueling warships of the rapidly expanding United States Navy and passing merchant and passenger steamships. On July 4, 1898, United States Army Brigadier General Francis V. Greene of the 2nd Brigade, Philippine Expeditionary Force, of the Eighth Army Corps, stopped at Wake Island and raised the American flag while en route to the Philippines on the steamship liner SS ""China"". On January 17, 1899, under orders from President William McKinley, Commander Edward D. Taussig of landed on Wake and

Federal Solutions, Inc. About 94 people live on the island, and access to it is restricted. Population fluctuates depending on operations being conducted by Missile Defense Agency activities. On December 11, 1941, Wake Island was the site of the Empire of Japan's first unsuccessful attack on American forces in the Battle of Wake Island when U.S. Marines, with some US Navy personnel and civilians on the island repelled an attempted Japanese invasion, sinking two enemy destroyers and a transport. The island fell to overwhelming Japanese forces 12 days later in a second attack, this one with extensive support from Japanese

October 5, 1943, Sakaibara ordered the execution of all of the 98 captured Americans who remained on the island. They were taken to the northern end of the island, blindfolded and machine-gunned. One prisoner escaped, carving the message ""98 US PW 5-10-43"" on a large coral rock near where the victims had been hastily buried in a mass grave. This unknown American was soon recaptured and beheaded. Sakaibara and his subordinate, Lt. Cmdr. Tachibana, were later sentenced to death after conviction for this and other war crimes. Tachibana's sentence was later commuted to life in prison. Sakaibara was executed on

ultimately to a full return to normal operations. Wake Island was first encountered by Europeans on October 2, 1568, by Spanish explorer and navigator Álvaro de Mendaña de Neyra. In 1567 Mendaña and his crew had set off on two ships, ""Los Reyes"" and ""Todos los Santos"", from Callao, Peru, on an expedition to search for a gold-rich land in the South Pacific as mentioned in Inca tradition. After visiting Tuvalu and the Solomon Islands, the expedition headed north and came upon Wake Island, ""a low barren island, judged to be eight leagues in circumference"". Since the date – October

the starving soldiers. Ultimately about three-quarters of the Japanese garrison perished, and the rest survived only by eating tern eggs, the Pacific rats introduced by prehistoric voyagers, and what scant amount of vegetables they could grow in makeshift gardens among the coral rubble. With the end of hostilities with Japan and the increase in international air travel driven in part by wartime advances in aeronautics, Wake Island became a critical mid-Pacific base for the servicing and refueling of military and commercial aircraft. The United States Navy resumed control of the island, and in October 1945 400 Seabees from the 85th

a C-17 transport plane. At the same time, the THAAD system and the destroyer both launched missiles to intercept a medium-range ballistic missile, launched by a second C-17. Wake Island has no permanent inhabitants and access is restricted. However, as of 2017, there are about 100 Air Force personnel and American and Thai contractors resident any given time. On June 24, 1972, the United States Air Force assumed responsibility for the civil administration of Wake Island pursuant to an agreement between the Department of the Interior and the Department of the Air Force. The civil administration authority at Wake Island

island. On October 19, 1940, an unnamed typhoon hit Wake Island with winds. This was the first recorded typhoon to hit the island since observations began in 1935. Super Typhoon Olive barreled through Wake on September 16, 1952 with wind speeds reaching . Olive caused major flooding, destroyed approximately 85% of its structures and caused $1.6 million in damages. On September 16, 1967, at 10:40 pm local time, the eye of Super Typhoon Sarah passed over the island. Sustained winds in the eyewall were , from the north before the eye and from the south afterward. All non-reinforced structures were

"Battle of Wake Island"
Battle of Wake Island The Battle of Wake Island began simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor naval/air bases in Hawaii and ended on 23 December 1941, with the surrender of the American forces to the Empire of Japan. It was fought on and around the atoll formed by Wake Island and its minor islets of Peale and Wilkes Islands by the air, land, and naval forces of the Japanese Empire against those of the United States, with Marines playing a prominent role on both sides. The island was held by the Japanese for the duration of the Pacific War

to the United States Air Force under an agreement between the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of the Air Force. In July, the FAA turned over administration of the island to the Military Airlift Command (MAC), although legal ownership stayed with the Department of the Interior, and the FAA continued to maintain the air navigation facilities and provide air traffic control services. On December 27, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF) Gen. John D. Ryan directed MAC to phase out en-route support activity at Wake Island effective June 30, 1973. On July 1, 1973, all

West
its axis, and is therefore the general direction towards which the Sun appears to constantly progress and eventually set. Moving continuously west is following a circle of latitude. The phrase ""the West"" is often spoken in reference to the Western world, which includes the European Union (also the EFTA countries), the Americas, Israel, Australia, New Zealand and (in part) South Africa. The concept of the Western part of the earth has its roots in the Western Roman Empire and the Western Christianity. During the Cold War ""the West"" was often used to refer to the NATO camp as opposed to

"Western United States"
Western United States The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As European settlement in the U.S. expanded westward through the centuries, the meaning of the term ""the West"" changed. Before about 1800, the crest of the Appalachian Mountains was seen as the western frontier. The frontier moved westward and eventually the lands west of the Mississippi River were considered the West. Though no consensus exists, even among experts, for the definition of the West as a region, the U.S. Census Bureau's

West
the Warsaw Pact and non-aligned nations. The expression survives, with an increasingly ambiguous meaning. In Chinese Buddhism, the West represents movement toward the Buddha or enlightenment (see Journey to the West). The ancient Aztecs believed that the West was the realm of the great goddess of water, mist, and maize. In Ancient Egypt, the West was considered to be the portal to the netherworld, and is the cardinal direction regarded in connection with death, though not always with a negative connotation. Ancient Egyptians also believed that the Goddess Amunet was a personification of the West. The Celts believed that beyond

West
West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east. The word ""west"" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages (""ouest"" in French, ""oest"" in Catalan, ""ovest"" in Italian, ""oeste"" in Spanish and Portuguese). It stems from the Indo-European root ""*wes"" reduced from ""*wes-pero"" 'evening, night' which is related to Old Greek ""hesperos"" and Latin ""vesper"" 'evening; west'. To go west using a compass for navigation, one needs to set a bearing or azimuth of 270°. West is the direction opposite that of the Earth's rotation on

"East of West"
kingdom, a Native American confederacy, Chinese exiles, and Texan separatists. This strife comes to a sudden halt when a comet hits present-day Kansas on November 9, 1908. The six warring parties meet at Armistice—the location of the comet's impact—and make a truce, thereby forming ""the Seven Nations of America"": Armistice, The Union, The Confederacy, the Kingdom, the Endless Nation, the Republic of Texas, and the People's Republic of America. On the same day as the comet impact and the signing of the treaty, there were two simultaneous, yet independent prophecies: 1. Elijah Longstreet was a soldier in the Confederate Army

West
the western sea off the edges of all maps lay the Otherworld, or Afterlife. In Judaism, west is seen to be toward the Shekinah (presence) of God, as in Jewish history the Tabernacle and subsequent Jerusalem Temple faced east, with God's Presence in the Holy of Holies up the steps to the west. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed the Jordan River westward into the Promised Land. In Islam, while in India, people pray facing towards the west as in respect to India, Mecca is in the West-ward direction. In American literature (e.g., in ""The Great Gatsby"") moving West

"The American West"
The American West The American West (formerly titled ""The West"") is a limited-event American television docu-series detailing the period 1865 to 1890 in the United States. The series was executive-produced by Robert Redford, Stephen David and Laura Michalchyshyn with Sundance Productions and aired for eight episodes on AMC from June 11 to July 30, 2016. Following the American Civil War, the United States begins developing into the ""land of opportunity,"" despite the danger from cowboys, Native Americans, outlaws and lawmen. The series chronicles the stories of Western legends, such as Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, George Armstrong Custer,

"East–West dichotomy"
East–West dichotomy In sociology, the East–West dichotomy is the perceived difference between the Eastern and Western worlds. Cultural rather than geographical in division, the boundaries of East and West are not fixed, but vary according to the criteria adopted by individuals using the term. Historically, Asia (excluding Siberia) was regarded as the East, and Europe was regarded as the West. Today, the ""West"" usually refers to Australasia, Europe, and America. Used in discussing such studies as management, economics, international relations, and linguistics, the concept is criticized for overlooking regional hybridity. Conceptually, the boundaries are cultural, rather than geographical, as a

West
had been the direction of evil. C S Lewis in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader has the east as the sacred direction, leading to Aslan's country West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east. The word ""west"" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages (""ouest"" in French, ""oest"" in Catalan, ""ovest"" in Italian, ""oeste"" in Spanish and Portuguese). It stems from the Indo-European root ""*wes"" reduced from ""*wes-pero"" 'evening, night' which is related to Old Greek ""hesperos"" and Latin ""vesper"" 'evening; west'. To go

"Western world"
Western world The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe, Australasia and the Americas, with the status of Latin America being disputed by some authors. Also known as the West, there are many accepted definitions, all closely interrelated. The Western world is also known as the Occident (from the Latin word ""occidens"", ""sunset, ""West"""") in contrast to the Orient (from Latin word ""oriens"", ""rise, East"") or Eastern world. Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome are generally considered to be the birthplaces of Western civilization (whilst Greece as having shaped the

"Michael Clarke Duncan"
Michael Clarke Duncan Michael Clarke Duncan (December 10, 1957September 3, 2012) was an American actor, best known for his breakout role as John Coffey in ""The Green Mile"" (1999), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and various similar honors. He also appeared in motion pictures such as ""Armageddon"" (1998), ""The Whole Nine Yards"" (2000), ""The Scorpion King"" (2002), ""Daredevil"" (2003) and """" (2006). His voice can be heard in films such as ""Brother Bear"" (2003), ""Kung Fu Panda"" (2008) and ""Green Lantern"" (2011). Duncan was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in a

The Green Mile (film) The Green Mile is a 1999 American fantasy crime drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and adapted from Stephen King’s 1996 novel of the same name. The film stars Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey, with supporting roles by David Morse, Bonnie Hunt, and James Cromwell. The film also features Dabbs Greer in his final film, as the older Paul Edgecomb. The film, told in a flashback format, tells the story of Paul's life as a death row corrections officer during the U.S. Great Depression, and the supernatural

Awards 2000 Motion Picture Sound Editors (Golden Reel Awards) 2000 People's Choice Awards 2001 Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (Nebula Award) 2000 Screen Actors Guild Awards 4th Golden Satellite Awards The Green Mile (film) The Green Mile is a 1999 American fantasy crime drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and adapted from Stephen King’s 1996 novel of the same name. The film stars Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey, with supporting roles by David Morse, Bonnie Hunt, and James Cromwell. The film also features Dabbs Greer in his final film,

on 132 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The critical consensus states ""Though ""The Green Mile"" is long, critics say it's an absorbing, emotionally powerful experience."" The film also has a score of 61 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 36 critics indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Roger Ebert gave the film 3 and a half stars out of 4, writing ""The film is a shade over three hours long. I appreciated the extra time, which allows us to feel the passage of prison months and years."" ""Forbes"" commentator Dawn Mendez referred to the character of John Coffey as

be held to account. He is particularly abusive with inmate Eduard Delacroix (Del); he breaks Del's fingers with his baton, steps on a pet mouse named Mr. Jingles, which Del had adopted, repeatedly calls him by a gay slur, and ultimately sabotages his execution by deliberately failing to soak the sponge used to conduct electricity to Del's head, pretending he ""didn't know"" it was supposed to be wet; as a result, Del suffers a much more painful and graphic death by literally frying in the chair. John begins to demonstrate supernatural powers; he cures Paul's bladder infection, which also makes

"Paul Cavanagh"
Paul Cavanagh Paul Cavanagh (8 December 1888 – 15 March 1964) was an English film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1928 and 1959. Cavanagh was born William G. Atkinson in Chislehurst, Kent, and attended the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Cavanagh studied law in England, earning a master of arts degree at Cambridge. A newspaper article published 17 June 1931, reported, ""It is on record that Cavanagh won high honors in mathematics and history."" Cavanagh practised ""for several years"" before he changed professions. He went to Canada ""for a year of

Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Hanks and Darabont met at an Academy Award luncheon in 1994. Stephen King stated he envisioned Hanks in the role and was happy when Darabont mentioned his name. Morse had not heard about the script until he was offered the role. He stated he was in tears by the end of it. Darabont wanted Cromwell from the start, and after he read the script, Cromwell was moved and agreed. Duncan credited his casting to Bruce Willis, with whom he had worked on the film ""Armageddon"" one year earlier. According to Duncan, Willis introduced him to Darabont

"John Beradino"
John Beradino John Beradino (born Giovanni Berardino, May 1, 1917 – May 19, 1996) was an American infielder in Major League Baseball and an actor. Known as Johnny Berardino during his baseball career, he was also credited during his acting career as John Berardino, John Baradino, John Barardino or John Barradino. Beradino was born in Los Angeles. He grew up near Hollywood. Beradino attended Belmont High School, located in downtown Los Angeles. Beradino won a football scholarship to the University of Southern California in 1936. He soon switched to baseball. Beradino is often mentioned as having appeared in the silent

"The Green Mile (novel)"
feature film of the same name. Released in 1999, the film was directed by Darabont and starred Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecombe and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey. The setting is changed from 1932 to 1935 in order to include the film ""Top Hat"", which does not appear in the book. The Green Mile (novel) The Green Mile is a 1996 serial novel by American writer Stephen King. It tells the story of death row supervisor Paul Edgecombe's encounter with John Coffey, an unusual inmate who displays inexplicable healing and empathetic abilities. The serial novel was originally released in

"Psychological research"
Psychological research Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviours of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational, occupational and clinical applications. Psychologists use many research methods, and categorical distinctions of these methods have emerged. Methods can be categorized by the kind of data they produce: qualitative or quantitative—and both these are used for pure or applied research. Psychology tends to be eclectic, applying knowledge from other fields. Some of its methods are used within other areas of research, especially in the social and behavioural sciences. The field

existing data. The existing data is collected to answer research questions. Existing data sources may include statistical records, survey archives, and written records. Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity. For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age. Longitudinal research is

Consequently, however, these methods reduce the researcher's control over the type of data collected. Web and others regard these methods as an additional tools to use with the more common ""reactive"" and ""intrusive methods"". Psychological research Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviours of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational, occupational and clinical applications. Psychologists use many research methods, and categorical distinctions of these methods have emerged. Methods can be categorized by the kind of data they produce: qualitative or quantitative—and both these are used for

random allocation of subjects to conditions allows researchers to make strong inferences about causal relationships. In an experiment, the researcher alters parameters of influence, called independent variables, and measures resulting changes of interest, called dependent variables. Prototypical experimental research is conducted in a laboratory with a carefully controlled environment. Repeated-measures experiments are those which take place through intervention on multiple occasions. In research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, experimenters often compare a given treatment with placebo treatments, or compare different treatments against each other. Treatment type is the independent variable. The dependent variables are outcomes, ideally assessed in several ways

"Quantitative psychology"
Quantitative psychology Quantitative psychology is a field of scientific study that focuses on the mathematical modeling, research design and methodology, and statistical analysis of human or animal psychological processes. It includes tests and other devices for measuring human abilities. Quantitative psychologists develop and analyze a wide variety of research methods, including those of psychometrics, a field concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement. Psychologists have long contributed to statistical and mathematical analysis, and quantitative psychology is now a specialty recognized by the American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees are awarded in this field in a number of universities in

"Quantitative psychological research"
controlling for other key variables. Quantitatively based surveys are widely used by psychologists, and statistics such as the proportion of respondents who display one or more psychological traits reported. In such surveys, respondents are asked a set of structured questions and their responses are tabulated. The software can then perform correlation analysis or other procedures on the data. Surveys are a common example of how statistics and quantitative research are utilized to gather data. Quantitative research falls under the category of empirical studies (or statistical studies). Research designs include experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, pretest-postest designs, and others. Randomization, the control

of psychology commonly uses experimental methods in what is known as experimental psychology. Researchers design experiments to test specific hypotheses (the deductive approach), or to evaluate functional relationships (the inductive approach). The method of experimentation involves an experimenter changing some influence—the ""independent variable(IV)""— on the research subjects, and studying the effects it produces on an expected aspect—the ""dependent variable (DV)""— of the subjects behaviour or experience. Other variables researchers consider in experimentation are known as the ""extraneous variables"", and are either ""controllable"" or ""confounding"" (more than one variable at play). Confounding variables are external variables that are not taken into

"Experimental psychology"
For example, to determine the validity of a test of academic ability, that test might be given to a group of students and the results correlated with the grade-point averages of the individuals in that group. As this example suggests, there is often controversy in the selection of appropriate criteria for a given measure. In addition, a conclusion can only be valid to the extent that the observations upon which it is based are reliable. Several types of validity have been distinguished, as follows: Internal validity refers to the extent to which a set of research findings provides compelling information

a study). Exploratory data analysis refers to a variety of practices which researchers can use to visualize and analyze existing sets of data. In Peirce's three modes of inference, exploratory data analysis corresponds to abduction, or hypothesis formation. Meta-analysis is the technique of integrating the results from multiple studies and interpreting the statistical properties of the pooled dataset. A classic and popular tool used to relate mental and neural activity is the electroencephalogram (EEG), a technique using amplified electrodes on a person's scalp to measure voltage changes in different parts of the brain. Hans Berger, the first researcher to use

designed to answer questions about the current state of affairs such as the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals is known as ""descriptive research"". Descriptive research can be qualitative or quantitative in orientation. ""Qualitative research"" is descriptive research that is focused on observing and describing events as they occur, with the goal of capturing all of the richness of everyday behavior and with the hope of discovering and understanding phenomena that might have been missed if only more cursory examinations have been made. Qualitative psychological research methods include interviews, first-hand observation, and participant observation. Creswell (2003) identifies five main possibilities

not fulfilling Angela's sexual needs, so Dwight believes that he is the baby's biological father. In ""New Guys"", it is revealed that he is not the father. In season 9, they become close again first when Dwight finds out that Robert is cheating on Angela with Oscar, and later in ""Moving On"" when Angela helps him take care of his elderly aunt. They share a kiss, but afterwards both say that she should remain faithful to her husband. After inheriting his aunt's beet farm, Dwight starts a relationship with neighboring Brussels sprout farmer Esther Bruegger (Nora Kirkpatrick). When Dwight seems

he should kill it as a waste of resources, and then tells Angela Sprinkles was dead when he arrived. When he lets the truth slip out shortly after, Angela terminates their relationship. Jim, on a visit to Dwight's beet farm, finds Dwight sitting alone at night, contemplating Angela's cherub figurine and moaning in anguish. In the fourth season finale ""Goodbye, Toby"", Dwight is obviously hurt when Angela's boyfriend, Andy, proposes to her. However, in the final scene of the episode, Phyllis catches Dwight having sex with Angela in the office. In the fifth season premiere, ""Weight Loss"", Dwight and Angela

have resumed a covert relationship, using a storage room in the warehouse to have sex. In ""Crime Aid"", Andy and Angela set a date for their wedding. After some advice from Phyllis, Dwight gives Angela an ultimatum: call off the engagement, or he will no longer be with her. She chooses to marry Andy. When Andy learns about Angela's affair with Dwight, a duel between Dwight and Andy takes place, but both realize that Angela has been lying to them, and break up with her. For quite some time afterwards, Dwight and Angela avoid each other. In the season 6

"Angela Martin"
was in a relationship with Andy throughout Season 4 and carrying on into Season 5. Initially, she dates him on the rebound after a break-up with her boyfriend of two years (Dwight). Scenes imply however that she was beginning to genuinely like him more and more, such as in ""Did I Stutter"" when Dwight watches the two of them in the break room playing Mad Libs together and laughing. Despite being surprised and shocked by Andy's sudden proposal in ""Goodbye Toby"", she accepts, and the two are engaged until it comes to a dissolution in ""The Duel"" when Andy learns

rest of the season that he's gay, which almost everyone eventually notices. Angela remains oblivious however. In the season 7 finale, he proposes to her and they're officially engaged (marking her second engagement on the show). It was confirmed by Angela Kinsey at the NBC Press Tour that she and Robert will have gotten married over the summer. In the season 8 premiere, it is revealed that Angela and Robert are married and she is pregnant. Angela tends to be somewhat abrasive towards other office workers, often outright insulting them. In the season 3 premiere, she expresses an open homophobia

shown to work well together as a sales team, but Andy's successful pursuit of Angela, after she broke up with Dwight, was irritating to him. When Andy gets engaged to Angela, Dwight is greatly upset by this, and embarks on an affair with her. This affair culminates in a short-lived fight between Andy and Dwight, when they discover Angela has lied to both of them, about not having had sex with the other. In ""Michael Scott Paper Company,"" they once again find themselves courting the same woman – Erin Hannon. However, by the end of the fifth season, Andy and

"Dwight Clark"
North Carolina to run his real estate business. Clark was the lead role in the 1993 direct-to-video comedy ""Kindergarten Ninja"". He also appeared in the video game ""All-Pro Football 2K8"". He joined Comcast SportsNet Bay Area in 2011 as an analyst for ""49ers Postgame Live"". In retirement, Clark expressed remorse about the end of Candlestick Park, saying that “It was a dump [but] it was our dump, so we could talk bad about it, but we didn’t want anybody else to talk bad about it.” Clark dated Miss Universe Shawn Weatherly from 1980 to 1982. He married Ashley Stone during

that Angela still harbors feelings for Dwight, as Andy reports in ""Local Ad"" that she cried out ""Oh, D!"" when he kissed her, and Dwight recognizes this as her nickname for him (though Andy thinks it means ""Dee"" as in ""An-Dee""). In ""Job Fair"", Angela and Dwight were the only two left in the office after the remaining members of the team took off early as a result of Michael not being in the office. For the rest of the day, the two share an awkward atmosphere which eventually thaws towards the end of the day. In ""Goodbye, Toby"", at

"The Crossing (TV series)"
British Columbia and in New Westminster. The first camp footage was filmed at Camp McLean. Filming in Vancouver started in July and wrapped in late-November 2017. On May 11, 2018, ABC canceled the show after one season. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 69% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 59 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". The Crossing (TV series) The Crossing is an American science fiction thriller series that aired

a threat. Set in the fictional town of Port Canaan, Oregon and in Seattle, the series was filmed in coastal areas of British Columbia and in the city of Vancouver in 2017. The beach where the refugees arrive is near Ucluelet on Vancouver Island while the sheriff's office and some other locations were filmed in and around the village of Britannia Beach, north of Vancouver. The Oceanic Plaza in Vancouver was the setting for the Seattle offices of the show's Homeland Security and other scenes were filmed in and around the city. Additional shooting locations in BC were in Steveston,

The Crossing (TV series) The Crossing is an American science fiction thriller series that aired on ABC. The series debuted on April 2, 2018, and aired its final episode on June 9, 2018 On March 19, 2018, ABC released the pilot episode on their website. The series was filmed in British Columbia, Canada. On May 11, 2018, ABC cancelled the show after one season. Refugees fleeing a war seek asylum in an American town—but they claim to be from America, 180 years in the future. Moreover, at least one of the refugees exhibits apparently superhuman powers that may make her

"The Crossing (2014 film)"
Hui-ling, who had scripted films for Taiwanese director Ang Lee, such as ""Eat Drink Man Woman"" (1994), ""Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon"" (2000) and ""Lust, Caution"" (2007). A new script written by John Woo, and Taiwanese filmmakers Su Chao-pin and Chen Ching-hui was described as ""considerably altered"". The filming began on ""The Crossing"" on July 6, 2013 in Beijing. Other shooting locations included Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Taiwan and Tianjin. The film was released in stereoscopic 3D. On September 9, 2014, Beijing Galloping Horse announced that the film would be released in two parts with the first part set to release in

"The Crossing (1990 film)"
box office in Australia. The Crossing (1990 film) The Crossing is a 1990 Australian romantic drama film directed by George Ogilvie, and starring Russell Crowe, Robert Mammone and Danielle Spencer. The film was shot in the towns of Junee and Condobolin in New South Wales, Australia. The film was released in Australia on 18 October 1990. The film is set in a small country town in the 1960s. Sam returns home from being away for 18 months to discover his former girlfriend, Meg, has moved on with their common friend, Johnny. An album produced by Martin Armiger was released in

The Crossing (1990 film) The Crossing is a 1990 Australian romantic drama film directed by George Ogilvie, and starring Russell Crowe, Robert Mammone and Danielle Spencer. The film was shot in the towns of Junee and Condobolin in New South Wales, Australia. The film was released in Australia on 18 October 1990. The film is set in a small country town in the 1960s. Sam returns home from being away for 18 months to discover his former girlfriend, Meg, has moved on with their common friend, Johnny. An album produced by Martin Armiger was released in 1990 in Australia and

"The Border (TV series)"
ET3 starting from the 2010-11 season. The Border (TV series) The Border is a Canadian drama that aired on CBC Television and 20 other TV networks worldwide. It was created by Peter Raymont, Lindalee Tracey, Janet MacLean and Jeremy Hole of White Pine Pictures. The executive in charge of production is Janice Dawe. Episodes in the first season were directed by John Fawcett, Michael DeCarlo, Ken Girotti, Kelly Makin, Brett Sullivan and Philip Earnshaw. The first season had a total budget of 20 million dollars, with about 1.5 million dollars per episode. The series is set in Toronto and follows

"Crossing Lines"
series, having previously produced miniseries, as well as its first project since being acquired by StudioCanal in 2012. The first season was filmed in Paris, Nice and Prague, with filming ending in February 2013. Locations in Prague were used for parts of Paris, Italy, the Netherlands, Berlin and Vienna. Audio post-production was done by SoundSquare in Prague while video post-production work was done by Universal Production Partners. Approximately €10 million was spent in the Czech Republic on the production of the first season. Bernero said that the show would ""feel familiar and help viewers find their orientation, but the European

The Border (TV series) The Border is a Canadian drama that aired on CBC Television and 20 other TV networks worldwide. It was created by Peter Raymont, Lindalee Tracey, Janet MacLean and Jeremy Hole of White Pine Pictures. The executive in charge of production is Janice Dawe. Episodes in the first season were directed by John Fawcett, Michael DeCarlo, Ken Girotti, Kelly Makin, Brett Sullivan and Philip Earnshaw. The first season had a total budget of 20 million dollars, with about 1.5 million dollars per episode. The series is set in Toronto and follows agents of Immigration and Customs Security

"Chapter One: The River's Edge"
later, Camila Mendes was cast as Veronica Lodge. In March 2016, Marisol Nichols and Mädchen Amick joined the cast as Hermione Lodge and Alice Cooper, Veronica and Betty's mothers, respectively. A few days later, Ross Butler, Daniel Yang and Cody Kearsley were cast in the roles Reggie Mantle, Dilton Doiley and Moose Mason, respectively. The last actor to join the pilot was Casey Cott as Kevin Keller, the first openly gay character in Archie Comics history. Production on the pilot took place from March 14 to March 31, 2016, with filming taking place in Vancouver, British Columbia. On February 3,

"God of War: Ghost of Sparta"
alternate version of ancient Greece populated by the Olympian Gods, Titans, and other beings from Greek mythology. With the exception of flashbacks, the events are set between the games ""God of War"" (2005) and """" (2007). Several locations are explored, including the fictional city of Atlantis (and later a sunken version). Atlantis is a mythical city erected by the Sea God Poseidon, and houses the Temple of Poseidon. Near the city is a real-world location, the Methana Volcano, which is contained by the archimedean screws and is also the prison of the Titan Thera, who is guarded by automatons. On

visions of his mortal past and decides to explore his origins. In Atlantis, he finds his mother Callisto, who claims that his brother Deimos is still alive. Kratos journeys to the Domain of Death to rescue his brother. After initial resentment from Deimos, the brothers team up to battle the God of Death, Thanatos. The gameplay is similar to that of the previous installments, and focuses on combo-based combat, achieved through the player's main weapon—the Blades of Athena—and a secondary weapon acquired later in the game. It features quick time events that require the player to complete various game controller

God of War: Ghost of Sparta God of War: Ghost of Sparta is a third-person action-adventure video game developed by Ready at Dawn and Santa Monica Studio, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It was first released for the PlayStation Portable (PSP) handheld console on November 2, 2010. The game is the sixth installment in the ""God of War"" series and the fourth chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, ""Ghost of Sparta"" is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, the God of War. Kratos is still haunted by the

place as the new God of War on Mount Olympus. Still haunted by visions of his mortal past, Kratos decides against Athena's advice to explore his past and travels to the Temple of Poseidon, located within the city of Atlantis. The sea monster, Scylla, attacks and destroys Kratos' vessel off the coast of Atlantis, though the Spartan drives the beast off. After a series of skirmishes across the city, he eventually kills Scylla. Reaching the temple, Kratos locates his mother, Callisto, who attempts to reveal the identity of his father. When Callisto is suddenly transformed into a hideous beast, Kratos

the outskirts of the city is the Temple of the god Thanatos, the location of Death's Gate and portal to the Domain of Death. Other locations include the Island of Crete and its capital city, Heraklion, the Mounts of Aroania, the ancient city of Sparta (also home to the Temple of Ares), the Mounts of Laconia, and a brief scene above the city of Athens featuring Suicide Bluffs, the highest cliff in the city overlooking the Aegean Sea and a recurring location during Kratos' adventures. The protagonist of the game is Kratos (voiced by Terrence C. Carson), the God of

and Ares believed this warrior to be Deimos, the brother of Kratos, due to his strange birthmarks. Ares interrupted the childhood training of Kratos and Deimos, with Athena on hand, and kidnapped Deimos. Kratos attempted to stop Ares, but was swept aside and subsequently scarred across his right eye by the Olympian. Athena stopped Ares from killing Kratos, knowing his eventual destiny. Taken to Death's Domain, Deimos was imprisoned and tortured by Thanatos. In honor of his sibling, Kratos marked himself with a red tattoo, identical to his brother's birthmark. Years later, when the game begins, Kratos has taken Ares'

is forced to battle her, and before dying, Callisto thanks him and beseeches him to seek out Deimos in Sparta. Prior to departure, Kratos encounters and frees the trapped Titan, Thera, which causes the eruption of the Methana Volcano, and subsequently destroys the city. During his escape, he has another encounter with the enigmatic gravedigger, who warns him of the consequences of alienating the gods. After a battle with Erinys, Kratos arrives in Sparta and witnesses a group of Spartans tearing down a statue of Ares, intent on replacing it with one of Kratos. Kratos then chases a dissenter loyal

the 2011 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Video Game Awards, ""Ghost of Sparta"" was a nominee for the ""Handheld"" award. God of War: Ghost of Sparta God of War: Ghost of Sparta is a third-person action-adventure video game developed by Ready at Dawn and Santa Monica Studio, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It was first released for the PlayStation Portable (PSP) handheld console on November 2, 2010. The game is the sixth installment in the ""God of War"" series and the fourth chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, ""Ghost of Sparta"" is set in ancient

to Ares into the Spartan Jails, who attempts to kill Kratos by releasing the Piraeus Lion. Defeating both foes, Kratos journeys to the Temple of Ares, where he encounters the spirit of his child self and learns that he must return to the now sunken Atlantis and locate the Domain of Death. Before leaving, a loyal Spartan provides him with his former weapons—used during Kratos' days as a Captain of the Spartan army—the Arms of Sparta. After returning to the sunken Atlantis, Kratos receives great resentment from Poseidon for sinking his beloved city. Entering the Domain of Death, the Spartan

both for the PlayStation 3. The gameplay of ""God of War: Ghost of Sparta"" resembles that of the previous installments. It is a third-person single player video game viewed from a fixed camera perspective. The player controls the character Kratos in hack and slash combo-based combat, platforming, and puzzle game elements, and battles foes who primarily stem from Greek mythology, including minotaurs, cyclopes, harpies, Gorgons, and satyrs. The undead legionnaires, keres wraiths, geryons, automatons, Boreas beasts, and Triton warriors were influenced by the mythology, but created specifically for the game. Platforming elements require the player to climb walls, jump across

"It's Cold Outside (song)"
It's Cold Outside (song) ""It's Cold Outside"" is a song by the American garage rock band the Choir, written by the Choir's drummer, Dan Klawon, and first released on Canadian-American Records in September 1966. It is considered a classic of the musical genre of garage rock, and became the group's only national hit. The song has since been featured on several compilation albums. The Choir originally came to prominence in Cleveland under the moniker the Mods, covering a wide variety of material penned by British Invasion-based groups such as the Who, the Rolling Stones, and the Beatles. As the house

"In the Rain (song)"
In the Rain (song) ""In the Rain"" is a 1972 soul single by American vocal group The Dramatics. Released from their debut album ""Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get"" it reached number five on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart and spent four weeks at number one on the Best Selling Soul Singles chart. It sold over one million copies, and is the group's biggest hit. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 53 song for 1972. The song was written by Tony Hester and was released in February 1972. The song is noted for the use of the sound of rain

"September in the Rain"
September in the Rain ""September in the Rain"" is a popular song by Harry Warren and Al Dubin, published in 1937. The song was introduced by James Melton in the film ""Melody for Two"". It has become a standard, having been recorded by many artists since. There were three charted versions in 1937 by Guy Lombardo, James Melton and Rhythm Wreckers (vocal by Pauline Byrns). The song became popular again in 1948 and 1949 when versions by Sam Donahue and the George Shearing Quintet briefly reached the charts. In 1962, the Beatles recorded a rock and roll interpretation during their

"Outside (George Michael song)"
Outside (George Michael song) ""Outside"" is a song by George Michael, released on Epic Records in 1998. It was released on 19 October 1998 as the lead single from his 1998 greatest hits album """". The song was seen as a fine self-deprecating public relations exercise by Michael, as it was the first single since he was arrested for engaging in a lewd act six months earlier by an undercover police officer in the public lavatory of the Will Rogers Memorial Park in Beverly Hills, California – an incident which prompted him to declare his homosexuality, which had been rumoured

Decca audition. A version by Peggy Lee is heard in the 1988 film ""Gorillas in the Mist. September in the Rain ""September in the Rain"" is a popular song by Harry Warren and Al Dubin, published in 1937. The song was introduced by James Melton in the film ""Melody for Two"". It has become a standard, having been recorded by many artists since. There were three charted versions in 1937 by Guy Lombardo, James Melton and Rhythm Wreckers (vocal by Pauline Byrns). The song became popular again in 1948 and 1949 when versions by Sam Donahue and the George Shearing

2"" and the 1998 reissue of """". Other albums that feature the song include ""Psychedelic Microdots, Volume 3"", ""Choir Practice"", and ""Trash Box"". ""It's Cold Outside"" was included on the ""Raspberries Pop Art Live"" CD set from their reunion concert recording, November 26, 2004, at the House of Blues in Cleveland, Ohio, released August 18, 2017. It's Cold Outside (song) ""It's Cold Outside"" is a song by the American garage rock band the Choir, written by the Choir's drummer, Dan Klawon, and first released on Canadian-American Records in September 1966. It is considered a classic of the musical genre of

"A Garden in the Rain"
A Garden in the Rain ""A Garden in the Rain"" is a popular song. The music was composed by Carroll Gibbons, the lyrics by James Dyrenforth. The song was published in 1928. The song was first recorded by the composer, Carroll Gibbons with the Savoy Hotel Orpheans and vocals by George Metaxa (later spelled: Georges Metaxa), in July 1928. The song had two periods of great popularity: in 1929 and in 1952. In 1929, the biggest hit versions were by Gene Austin, by John McCormack, and by George Olsen's orchestra with a vocal by Fran Frey. All three versions were

"Crying in the Rain"
song with the same title, it peaked at #29 in the UK Singles Chart. German singer Gerd Böttcher and Detlef Engel released this song in 1962 under the title ""Denn mein zuhause, das bist du"". Crying in the Rain ""Crying in the Rain"" is a song written by Howard Greenfield and Carole King and originally recorded by The Everly Brothers. The single peaked at #6 on the U.S. pop charts in 1962. The song was the only collaboration between successful songwriters Greenfield (lyrics) and King (music), both of whom worked for Aldon Music at the time of the song's composition.

Crying in the Rain ""Crying in the Rain"" is a song written by Howard Greenfield and Carole King and originally recorded by The Everly Brothers. The single peaked at #6 on the U.S. pop charts in 1962. The song was the only collaboration between successful songwriters Greenfield (lyrics) and King (music), both of whom worked for Aldon Music at the time of the song's composition. On a whim, two Aldon songwriting partnerships decided to switch partners for a day -- Gerry Goffin (who normally worked with King) partnered with Greenfield's frequent writing partner, Jack Keller, leaving King and Greenfield to

"Standing in the Rain (John Paul Young song)"
Standing in the Rain (John Paul Young song) ""Standing in the Rain"" is a disco song recorded by Australian pop singer John Paul Young. It was released in Europe in February 1977 and in Australia in December 1977 as the third and final single from Young's third studio album, ""J.P.Y."" (1976). The song was written by George Young and Harry Vanda. The song peaked at number 12 on the Kent Music Report in Australia, remaining on the chart for 27 weeks. In Europe it reached No. 2 in Belgium, No. 3 in the Netherlands, No. 4 in Germany and No.

"One Bad Apple"
George Jackson, who originally had the Jackson 5 in mind when he wrote it. According to Donny Osmond, Michael Jackson later told him that the Jackson 5 almost recorded this song first, but chose to record ""ABC"" instead. ""One Bad Apple"" was also used as the theme to ""The Osmonds"" cartoon show on ABC-TV. One Bad Apple ""One Bad Apple"" was a number-one hit single released by The Osmonds on November 14, 1970. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 2, 1971. It hit the top of the chart on February 13, 1971 and stayed there for five

One Bad Apple ""One Bad Apple"" was a number-one hit single released by The Osmonds on November 14, 1970. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 2, 1971. It hit the top of the chart on February 13, 1971 and stayed there for five weeks. It also reached number six on the R&B chart. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 4 song for 1971. Both ""One Bad Apple"" and the Donny Osmond-credited single ""Sweet and Innocent"" are on the 1970 album ""Osmonds"". It was certified Gold by the RIAA on February 4, 1971. The song was written by

"Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree (with Anyone Else but Me)"
With the Miller, Andrews, and Kyser records all being popular on the radio, ""Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree"" became one of the few songs in history to have three different versions on the radio hit parade at the same time. The Andrews version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2016. In 1943, Harold Adamson and Jimmy McHugh wrote ""They Just Chopped Down the Old Apple Tree"" for the film ""Around the World"" as a humorous parody of this song, which was recorded by The Dinning Sisters. Frank Loesser's and Arthur Schwartz's ""They're Either Too Young or

"Little Green Apples"
Little Green Apples ""Little Green Apples"" is a song written by Bobby Russell. Originally written for and released by American recording artist Roger Miller in 1968, it was also released as a single by American recording artists Patti Page and O. C. Smith in separate occasions that same year. Miller's version became a Top 40 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and on the UK Singles Chart, while Page's version became her last Hot 100 entry and Smith's version became a No. 2 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. The song earned Russell two Grammy Awards for Song

"Apples and Oranges (song)"
Apples and Oranges (song) ""Apples and Oranges"" is the third United Kingdom single by Pink Floyd, the final one written by Syd Barrett, and released in 1967. The B-side was ""Paint Box"" written by Richard Wright. The song is about a girl whom the narrator meets at the supermarket. It is one of only a handful of songs by Pink Floyd which deals directly with love. The song was recorded shortly before the band's US tour, on 26 and 27 October. Pink Floyd, along with Barrett, mimed the song on their first US televised performances on ""The Pat Boone Show""

"The Orange and the Green"
The Orange and the Green ""The Orange and the Green"" or ""The Biggest Mix-Up"" is a humorous Irish folk song about a man whose father was a Protestant (""Orange"") and whose mother was a Catholic (""Green""). It describes the man's trials as the product of religious intermarriage and how ""mixed up"" he became as a result of such an upbringing. This song was written by Anthony Murphy of Liverpool, and has been recorded by bands such as The Irish Rovers, The Wolfe Tones, Paddy Reilly, and the Brobdingnagian Bards, among others. It is sung to the same tune as ""The

Oom-Pah-Pah
Oom-Pah-Pah ""Oom-Pah-Pah"" is a lively and somewhat risqué show tune with music and lyrics by Lionel Bart and appearing in the musical ""Oliver!"", when it is sung by Nancy and the crowd at the ""Three Cripples"" tavern. The word ""oom-pah-pah"" is seemingly used euphemistically to refer to both intoxication and fornication; however, as the song points out, the word's meaning is only as dirty as the listener interprets it. Although not an original music hall song, it recalls that genre well and, in terms of both its tempo and suggestiveness, shares characteristics with such late 19th century songs as ""Ta-ra-ra

"Garden Party (Marillion song)"
Garden Party (Marillion song) ""Garden Party (The Great Cucumber Massacre)"" is a song by the British neo-progressive rock band Marillion. It was the second single released from their debut album ""Script for a Jester's Tear"". It reached number 16 in the UK Singles Chart in 1983, the band's biggest singles chart success prior to 1985. The song is a parody of social elitism and snobbery. The B-side is a live version of ""Margaret"" (recorded at Edinburgh Playhouse, 7 April 1983). The 12"" single includes a live version of ""Charting The Single"" (recorded at Hammersmith Odeon, 18 April 1983). A CD

"Juicy Fruit"
one of the two men who killed the Clutter family in Kansas in 1959. ""Grapefruit—Juicy Fruit"" is a song written and performed by American popular music singer songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was first released on his 1973 album ""A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean"" and was his third single from that album. The single reached #23 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart in September 1973. Juicy Fruit is mentioned in the Regina Spektor song ""Wallet"", from her album ""Far"". It is referenced in the film ""One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"" by Chief Bromden: ""Mmm, Juicy Fruit"". It

"The 100 (TV series)"
renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on January 21, 2016. On March 12, 2016, ""The 100"" was renewed for a fourth season of 13 episodes, which premiered on February 1, 2017. On March 10, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on April 24, 2018. On May 8, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season. Post production, including ADR recording for the series, was done at the recording studio Cherry Beach Sound. David J. Peterson, who created Dothraki for ""Game of Thrones"", developed the Trigedasleng language for The Grounders. Jason

commenced on August 14, 2017, and wrapped up on January 27, 2018. In late February 2013, Bob Morley and Eli Goree were cast as Bellamy Blake and Wells Jaha, respectively, followed a day later by the casting of Henry Ian Cusick as Marcus Kane. Less than a week later, Eliza Taylor and Marie Avgeropoulos were cast in co-starring roles as Clarke Griffin and Octavia Blake, respectively. Throughout March, the rest of the cast was filled out, with Paige Turco cast as Abigail Walters (now Abigail Griffin), Isaiah Washington as Chancellor Jaha, Thomas McDonnell as Finn Collins, Kelly Hu as Callie

among the first people from a space habitat, ""the Ark"", to return to Earth after a devastating nuclear apocalypse. Other lead characters include Dr. Abby Griffin (Paige Turco), Clarke's mother; Marcus Kane (Henry Ian Cusick), a council member on the Ark; and Thelonious Jaha (Isaiah Washington), the Chancellor of the Ark and Wells's father. In March 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on April 24, 2018. In May 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season. The setting is 97 years after a devastating nuclear apocalypse wipes out almost all life on Earth.

by an average audience of 1.39 million, making it the channel's biggest ever program launch. Season 2 premiered on January 6, 2015, and averaged 1,118,000 viewers. Season 3 premiered on February 17, 2016. In Australia, ""The 100"" was originally scheduled to premiere on Go! but instead premiered on Fox8 on September 4, 2014. Season 2 premiered on January 8, 2015. On Rotten Tomatoes, the show's first season was certified ""fresh"", with 72% of professional reviewers reviewing it positively and the consensus: ""Although flooded with stereotypes, the suspenseful atmosphere helps make ""The 100"" a rare high-concept guilty pleasure"". On Metacritic, the

received an 18–49 rating of 0.9, making it the most-watched show in its time slot on The CW since 2010, with the series ""Life Unexpected"". The 100 (TV series) The 100 (pronounced ""The Hundred"") is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction drama television series that premiered on March 19, 2014, on The CW. The series, developed by Jason Rothenberg, is loosely based on the novel series of the same name by Kass Morgan. The series follows a group of post-apocalyptic survivors, chiefly a group of adolescents, including Clarke Griffin (Eliza Taylor), Bellamy Blake (Bob Morley), Octavia Blake (Marie Avgeropoulos), Jasper Jordan

short generations of survivors of the apocalypse. Filming for the series takes place in and around Vancouver, British Columbia. Production on the pilot occurred during the second quarter of 2013. After the show was picked up to series, filming occurred for the first season between August 2013 and January 2014. Filming for the second season commenced on July 7, 2014, and concluded on January 23, 2015. The third season was filmed between July 15, 2015, and February 2, 2016. Filming for the fourth season commenced on August 2, 2016, and concluded on January 18, 2017. Filming for the fifth season

"100 Code"
2016. A DVD release of the complete series was released on October 30, 2015 in Germany, and on March 28, 2016. The series premiered in the United States on WGN America on May 29, 2018. Detective Tommy Conley travels to Stockholm to advise and investigate a particularly gruesome series of murders. Young, blonde, blue-eyed women are found murdered at regular intervals near water bodies and flower fields. Conley has to work with the Swedish investigator Mikael Eklund. The two hate each other, both fight with their own demons. After initial problems, the investigators investigate a series of murders, which, as

Cartwig, and Christopher Larkin as Monty Green. For the second season, Adina Porter and Raymond J. Barry were cast in recurring roles as Indra and Dante Wallace, respectively, along with Alycia Debnam-Carey as Lexa. In Canada, Season 1 of ""The 100"" was licensed exclusively to Netflix. The series premiered on March 20, 2014, the day after the mid-season premiere of Season 1 on the CW. In New Zealand, the series premiered on TVNZ's on-demand video streaming service on March 21, 2014. In the UK and Ireland, ""The 100"" premiered on E4 on July 7, 2014. The first episode was viewed

The 100 (TV series) The 100 (pronounced ""The Hundred"") is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction drama television series that premiered on March 19, 2014, on The CW. The series, developed by Jason Rothenberg, is loosely based on the novel series of the same name by Kass Morgan. The series follows a group of post-apocalyptic survivors, chiefly a group of adolescents, including Clarke Griffin (Eliza Taylor), Bellamy Blake (Bob Morley), Octavia Blake (Marie Avgeropoulos), Jasper Jordan (Devon Bostick), Monty Green (Christopher Larkin), Raven Reyes (Lindsey Morgan), Finn Collins (Thomas McDonell), John Murphy (Richard Harmon), and Wells Jaha (Eli Goree). They are

"The 100 (novel series)"
York Times""' Young Adult Best Seller List. ""Kirkus Reviews"" commented ""Day 21"" is ""faster paced than"" its predecessor. On May 9, 2013, The CW Television Network announced that the pilot was officially ordered to series for the 2013–14 American television season. The series is developed by Jason Rothenberg, and premiered on March 19, 2014. In March 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on April 24, 2018. In May 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season. The 100 (novel series) The 100 is a series of young adult science fiction novels by Kass

"Over the Garden Wall"
Dean respectively), who become lost in a strange forest called the Unknown. In order to find their way home, the two must travel across the seemingly supernatural forest with the occasional help of the wandering, mysterious and elderly Woodsman (Christopher Lloyd) and Beatrice (Melanie Lynskey), an irritable bluebird who travels with the boys in order to find a woman called Adelaide, who can supposedly undo the curse on Beatrice and her family and show the half-brothers the way home. Wirt, the older brother, is a worry-prone teenager who would rather keep to himself than have to make a decision. His

three passions are the clarinet, poetry, and interior design, but he keeps this private out of fear of being mocked. On the other hand, Greg, the younger brother, is all about play and being carefree, much to Wirt's chagrin and the danger to himself and others. Greg carries a frog (Jack Jones), whose name is undetermined and who can communicate only through singing. Stalking the main cast is the Beast (Samuel Ramey), an ancient creature who leads lost souls astray until they lose their hope and willpower and turn into ""Edelwood trees"". In the final two episodes, it is revealed

while the program's animation was outsourced to South Korea. The series' environment evokes 19th- and 20th-century Americana, while its digital backgrounds are designed to resemble grisaille paintings. Upon its debut, the series received critical acclaim from television critics, with praise focusing on its mood and characters. In 2015, the series won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. Outside of the series, a one-shot comic book adaptation penned by McHale has been produced, with four further issues commissioned. This was eventually expanded into an ongoing series. The series follows two half-brothers, Wirt and Greg (voiced by Elijah Wood and Collin

"Over the Hedge (film)"
Over the Hedge (film) Over the Hedge is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy film based on the United Media comic strip of the same name. Produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired the live-action DreamWorks studio the same year, the film was directed by Tim Johnson and Karey Kirkpatrick from a screenplay by Len Blum, Lorne Cameron, David Hoselton and Kirkpatrick. Featuring the voices of Bruce Willis, Garry Shandling, Steve Carell, William Shatner, Wanda Sykes and Nick Nolte, the film was released on May 19, 2006 in the United States and earned $336 million on an

or a dog ... Nobody can tell which""). The ten episodes marked the first miniseries on the Cartoon Network. The show features Wood and Dean (reprising their roles from the short), along with Lynskey as the main voice cast. McHale and his crew tried to maintain a balance between frightening imagery and ""episodes that are just light and funny"". For the music, McHale drew inspiration from ""classic American, opera singing"". Nick Cross served as art director and Nate Cash as supervising director; both worked with McHale alongside storyboard artists located in New York and Chicago. This distance proved difficult for

Over the Garden Wall Over the Garden Wall is an American animated television miniseries created by Patrick McHale for Cartoon Network. The series centers on two half-brothers who travel across a strange forest in order to find their way home, encountering odd and wonderful things on their journey. The show is based on McHale's animated short film ""Tome of the Unknown"", which was produced as part of Cartoon Network Studios' shorts development program. The show features Elijah Wood and Collin Dean as the protagonists Wirt and Greg, and Melanie Lynskey as a bluebird named Beatrice. ""Over the Garden Wall"" was

"Over the Garden Wall (1934 film)"
Over the Garden Wall (1934 film) Over the Garden Wall is a 1934 British romantic comedy film directed by John Daumery and starring Bobby Howes, Marian Marsh and Margaret Bannerman. The film was based on a play ""The Youngest of Three"" by H.F. Maltby, who co-wrote the screenplay. It was made at Elstree Studios with sets designed by art director David Rawnsley. Marian Marsh was imported from Hollywood where she had starred in major productions such as ""Svengali"". while Howes was a popular British star of stage musicals who appeared in several films during the decade. A young man and

and performed by Frank Fairfield; and ""Come Wayward Souls"", sung by Samuel Ramey as the Beast. The majority of the series' songs have been officially uploaded to YouTube. On the DVD release they can be heard, along with visuals and without dialogue, in a special feature known as the Composer's Cut. An extended version of the soundtrack, featuring 32 tracks and totaling around 44 minutes in length, was released in the form of a 180 gram vinyl record by Mondo in August 2016. The extended soundtrack debuted at the San Diego Comic-Con, with a limited 1,000 copies, featuring a cover

"Over the Hedge"
adaptation features RJ befriending a group of woodlanders (two of whom are Hammy and Verne) and introducing them to suburbia, with an ulterior motive of helping him replenish the food supply he stole from a bear. Bruce Willis, Garry Shandling, Steve Carell, William Shatner, Wanda Sykes and Nick Nolte star as RJ, Verne, Hammy, Ozzie (an opossum), Stella (a skunk), and Vincent (a bear), respectively. The film is also notable for containing Avril Lavigne's first major film role, as Heather, Ozzie's continuously embarrassed teenage daughter. The film grossed $155,000,000 in the United States and $180,000,000 overseas, making the gross $336,000,000.

on iTunes preceding its broadcast. The series aired on Cartoon Network in Australia from December 15 to 19, 2014 and on Cartoon Network in the United Kingdom and Ireland from April 6 to 10, 2015. Various melodies and songs based on pre-1950s music are heard throughout the series. Elijah Wood, the voice actor for Wirt, has said that ""if this show were a record, it would be played on a phonograph"". Songs from the series include ""Into the Unknown"", its title song, composed by Patrick McHale and sung by Jack Jones; ""A Courting Song"", composed by the Petrojvic Blasting Company

"Justice of the peace"
Justice of the peace A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or ""puisne"" court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal

Yukon. In Hong Kong, the historical functions of justices of the peace have been replaced by full-time, legally qualified magistrates. Nowadays, justices of the peace are essentially titles of honour given by the Government to community leaders, and to certain officials while they are in their terms of offices. They have no judicial functions, and their main duties include visiting prisons, institutions for young offenders and drug addicts, psychiatric hospitals, remand homes, places of refuge, reception and detention centres, administering statutory declarations, and serving as members of advisory panels. In India, justices of the peace do exist, but they no

the police authorities concerned on a complaint regarding- (i) non-registration of a criminal case; (ii) transfer of investigation from one police officer to another; and (iii) neglect, failure or excess committed by a police authority in relation to its functions and duties. Such functions being quasi-judicial in nature could not be termed as executive, administrative or ministerial.(PLD 2016 Supreme Court 581) It is pertinent to note however, as many academics have pointed out, that there is great utility in the appointment of such justices especially in rural areas where enmity between rival groups can lead to the inability of registration

rural outlying regions than could contemporary absolute monarchies such as France – a paradox due especially to JPs belonging to the same social class as the Members of Parliament and thus having a direct interest in getting laws actually enforced and implemented on the ground. Being an unpaid office, undertaken voluntarily and sometimes more for the sake of renown or to confirm the justice's standing within the community, the justice was typically a member of the gentry. The justices of the peace conducted arraignments in all criminal cases, and tried misdemeanours and infractions of local ordinances and bylaws. Towns and

stature in the community who is authorized to witness and sign statutory declarations and affidavits as well as certify documents. They may also perform citizenship ceremonies and act as a Visiting Justice in prisons the function of which is to record a prisoner's grievance and decide on its validity. They have certain powers to issue search warrants, and (in conjunction with another justice of the peace) may try minor criminal trials in the district court and exercise powers to remand defendants in custody, grant bail, and adjourn court hearings. They are nominated for office by local Members of Parliament and

cases but are not justice courts. The official title for judges in Justice Courts is Justice, the same as in New York Supreme Court. However, in common usage, most people, including lawyers, call them Judge. Justices in Justice Court do not have to be lawyers. The vast majority are not. Many of these courts are in small towns and villages where none of the residents are lawyers. In the larger towns, the justices are almost always lawyers. While Justices and their court clerks receive training from OCA, there is tremendous variability in how cases are handled. This includes court procedures

preside over cases within the prison system. In Belgium, the justice of the peace (, ) is a law-trained judge who sits the lowest Court of record with original jurisdiction over small claims (less than €2500) matters of civil, commercial, and family law, including: tenancy and lease disputes, neighborhood disputes (party structures, trespassing, noise pollution), apartment buildings, small deceased estates, alimony, guardianships & adoption, and the commitment of mental patients and oversight of their care. Litigants may opt either for conciliation or trial. Lawyers may act as ""locum tenens"" JPs. In Canada, justices of the peace play a role in

sessions (half-days) per year, but some sit as much as a day a week, or possibly more. Magistrates can sit alone to hear issues such as warrant applications or many traffic offences under the new Single Justice Procedure. In addition to the lay justices, there are a small number of district judges, formerly known as ""stipendiary magistrates"". These are legally qualified, full-time members of the magistracy and hear cases alone, without any other magistrates on the bench. It is important to distinguish the district judge (magistrates' court) from the district judges who usually sit in the county court. Magistrates' courts

Kentucky's use of nonlawyer judges in its police courts was ""not"" a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees of due process and equal protection of the laws. Justice of the peace A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or ""puisne"" court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the

traffic violations, and other petty criminal infractions. The justice of the peace may also have authority over cases involving small debts, landlord and tenant disputes, or other small claims court proceedings. Proceedings before justices of the peace are often faster and less formal than the proceedings in other courts. In some jurisdictions a party convicted or found liable before a justice of the peace may have the right to a trial de novo before the judge of a higher court rather than an appeal strictly considered. A justice of the peace also performs civil marriages. A justice of the peace

"Hollywood Video"
Hollywood Video Hollywood Entertainment Corp. (Nasdaq: HLYW), more commonly known as Hollywood Video, was a home video and video game rental shop company started in 1988. The chain was the largest direct competitor to Blockbuster Video until it was purchased by Movie Gallery in 2005. Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last official one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year. In October 2011, the HollywoodVideo.com site had been relaunched as a blog. While

the compound into sections, selling pieces of it for a total of $22 million; Trammell Crow retained control of the $8 million, headquarters building. Hollywood leased the headquarters building, and Hollywood remained headquartered in Wilsonville. Hollywood Video Hollywood Entertainment Corp. (Nasdaq: HLYW), more commonly known as Hollywood Video, was a home video and video game rental shop company started in 1988. The chain was the largest direct competitor to Blockbuster Video until it was purchased by Movie Gallery in 2005. Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US

of $14.50 per share ($11.50 cash and $3.00 in Blockbuster shares). In response, Hollywood Video agreed to a buyout on Monday, January 10, 2005 by Movie Gallery, a smaller competitor. Movie Gallery paid $860 million, $13.25 per share, and the assumption of $380 million in debt. Stocks closed at $13.85 on January 10 after this news. Blockbuster then dropped its purchase plans, citing anti-trust concerns. Movie Gallery completed its purchase of Hollywood Video on April 27, 2005. Hollywood became a subsidiary of Movie Gallery and maintained its Oregon headquarters. In December 2011, the website hollywoodvideo.com was relaunched as a movie

the website remains active, the last entry was made in October 2014. In 1984, Mark Wattles left college and was struggling financially. Wattles' parents had given him and his wife a VCR, which they used as a form of low-cost entertainment. Wattles later said: ""I thought, 'There must be other people in America in the same shoes. I think this would be a great business."" In 1985, Wattles borrowed money so he could open a 500 square-foot video rental store with 300 films, located in downtown Portland, Oregon. In 1988, Wattles formed Hollywood Entertainment and served as the company's president

Francisco Bay Areas. Julie Wainwright became President and CEO of Reel.com, replacing founder, Stuart Skorman. After 27 months, in July 1998, CEO Mark Wattles announced Hollywood had purchased Reel.com ""in a deal valued at $100 million"", which included $30 million in cash to Reel's stockholders; Reel.com was to continue operating independently, and led by its CEO Julie Wainwright, then Wainwright then left the organization to be replaced by Jeff Jordan. Hollywood Video was the target of a hostile takeover attempt, initially announced at the end of December 2004 by competitor Blockbuster Video. In February 2005, Blockbuster announced an exchange offer

employees worked from the headquarters. The headquarters facility was no longer occupied by October 1998; as of that month the space was for lease. In 1997, when Hollywood was considering a new headquarters location, the City of Wilsonville had signage codes that did not allow companies to use neon. The codes made Hollywood consider using other locations. Members of the City of Wilsonville's development review boards said that neon was out of character for the Wilsonville Business Park, Hollywood Video's prospective location. In January 1999 Trammell Crow Co. bought the Thrifty Payless Inc. headquarters for $25.5 million and then broke

"Movie Gallery"
Blockbuster Video until it was purchased by Movie Gallery in 2005. Hollywood Video declared bankruptcy in February 2010 and announced that it would shut down three months later. Hollywood Video was the target of a hostile takeover attempt, initially announced at the end of December 2004 by competitor Blockbuster Video. In February 2005, Blockbuster announced an exchange offer of $14.50 per share ($11.50 cash and $3.00 in Blockbuster shares). In order to create a stronger position against the hostile takeover, Hollywood Video agreed to a buyout on Monday, January 10, 2005 by its smaller competitor Movie Gallery. Movie Gallery paid

$860 million, $13.25 per share, and the assumption of $380 million in debt. Stocks closed at $13.85 on January 10 after these news. Blockbuster then dropped its purchase plans, citing anti-trust concerns. Movie Gallery completed its purchase of Hollywood Video on April 27, 2005. The company began having financial difficulties and announced the closure of 520 stores in September 2007. At the time Movie Gallery had about 4,500 locations. The next month, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Because of these troubles, the stock price dropped below $1 per share and was removed

In 1996, Hollywood moved its employees out of the building two years into its five-year lease. In 1996, Poorman-Douglas Corp agreed to occupy all of the space in the Beaverton building, relieving Hollywood of extra rent payments. After Hollywood decided to leave Beaverton, it signed a long-term lease for a building in Wilsonville, Oregon. Robert Goldfield of the ""Portland Business Journal"" said that Hollywood Video ""barely"" took occupancy of the structure; then Mark Wattles, the chief executive, decided to move the offices and the Hollywood Video headquarters to the former Smith's Home Furnishings headquarters in Wilsonville. In 1996 170 full-time

"Hollywood Pictures"
2001, Hollywood Pictures has produced 50 films but its operation has phased out. After being dormant for five years, the brand was re-activated for low-budget genre films, similar to Dimension Films (once a Disney division itself, now part of The Weinstein Company) or Sony Pictures' Screen Gems (part of Columbia Pictures), News Corporation's Fox Atomic (part of Fox Searchlight Pictures) and Relativity Media's Rogue Pictures (distributed by former parent Universal Studios). The first film released by the resurrected Hollywood was the 2006 horror film ""Stay Alive"", then ""Primeval"" and ""The Invisible"". Disney stopped releasing under the label in 2007 as

what is the largest magnitude earthquake that has occurred in the pacific northwest

between 240,000 and 655,000 people, was the deadliest of the 20th century. The 1960 Chilean earthquake is the largest earthquake that has been measured on a seismograph, reaching 9.5 magnitude on 22 May 1960. Its epicenter was near Cañete, Chile. The energy released was approximately twice that of the next most powerful earthquake, the Good Friday earthquake (March 27, 1964) which was centered in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes; however, of these ten, only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. Earthquakes that caused

noted, which could be explained by a cyclical pattern of periods of intense tectonic activity, interspersed with longer periods of low-intensity. However, accurate recordings of earthquakes only began in the early 1900s, so it is too early to categorically state that this is the case. Most of the world's earthquakes (90%, and 81% of the largest) take place in the 40,000 km long, horseshoe-shaped zone called the circum-Pacific seismic belt, known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which for the most part bounds the Pacific Plate. Massive earthquakes tend to occur along other plate boundaries, too, such as along the

Tsunami
in height when they reach shallower water, in a wave shoaling process described below. A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas. On April 1, 1946, the 8.6 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (""Strong""). It generated a tsunami which inundated Hilo on the island of Hawaii with a surge. Between 165 and 173 were killed. The area where the earthquake occurred is where the Pacific Ocean floor is subducting (or being pushed downwards) under Alaska. Examples of tsunami originating at locations away from convergent

"2008 Chino Hills earthquake"
reports cited the Whittier fault as the active cause, but the quake was later determined to have been generated by the ""Yorba Linda trend,"" as identified by Caltech seismologist Egill Hauksson. Its epicenter was within of Chino Hills and its hypocenter was c. deep. Initial estimations of the moderate main shock reported it as magnitude 5.8, but this was later revised to magnitude 5.4 and in later months to a 5.5. The main shock was reportedly felt as far south as San Diego, and Tijuana, Mexico, and as far east as Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the strongest earthquake to

"1993 Scotts Mills earthquake"
1993 Scotts Mills earthquake The 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake, also known as the ""Spring break quake"", occurred in the U.S. state of Oregon on March 25 at 5:34 AM Pacific Standard Time. With a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum perceived intensity of VII (""Very strong"") on the Mercalli intensity scale, it was the largest earthquake in the Pacific Northwest since the Elk Lake and Goat Rocks earthquakes of 1981. Ground motion was widely felt in Oregon's Willamette Valley, the Portland metropolitan area, and as far north as the Puget Sound area near Seattle, Washington. The Scotts Mills mainshock

"2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami"
Alaska. Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Sumatra. The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response, with donations totaling more than US$14 billion. The event is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was initially documented as having a moment magnitude of 8.8. In February 2005, scientists revised the estimate of the magnitude to 9.0. Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. A 2006 study estimated a magnitude of

"2001 Nisqually earthquake"
2001 Nisqually earthquake The 2001 Nisqually earthquake occurred at on February 28, 2001. The intraslab earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (""Severe""). The epicenter was in the southern Puget Sound, northeast of Olympia, but the shock was felt in Oregon, Canada, eastern Washington, and Idaho. This was one of several large earthquakes that occurred in the Puget Sound region in the prior 52 years and caused property damage valued at between one and four billion dollars. One person died of a heart attack and several hundred were injured. The Puget Sound area

"1965 Puget Sound earthquake"
1965 Puget Sound earthquake The 1965 Puget Sound earthquake occurred at 08:28 PDT (15:28 UTC) on April 29 within the Puget Sound region of Washington State. It had a magnitude of 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (""Severe"") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused the deaths of seven people and about $12.5–28 million in damage. There were no recorded aftershocks. The western part of Washington State lies above the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The seismicity of this region consists

"Geology of the Pacific Northwest"
deposits are a draw to tourists and are part of the Nisga'a Memorial Lava Beds Provincial Park. The Pacific Northwest volcanoes continue to be a geologically active area. The most geologically recent volcanic eruptions include: The Pacific Northwest is seismically active. The Juan de Fuca Plate is capable of producing megathrust earthquakes of moment magnitude 9: the last such earthquake was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, which produced a tsunami in Japan, and may have temporarily blocked the Columbia River with the Bonneville Slide. More recently, in 2001, the Nisqually earthquake (magnitude 6.8) struck northeast of Olympia, Washington, causing some structural

"Ring of Fire"
world's 25 largest volcanic eruptions of the last 11,700 years occurred at volcanoes in the Ring of Fire. The famous and very active San Andreas Fault zone of California is a transform fault which offsets a portion of the East Pacific Rise under the southwestern United States and Mexico; the motion of the fault generates numerous small earthquakes, at multiple times a day, most of which are too small to be felt. The active Queen Charlotte Fault on the west coast of the Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, has generated three large earthquakes during the 20th century: a magnitude 7 event

"2016 Rose Bowl"
2016 Rose Bowl The 2016 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2016 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 102nd Rose Bowl Game matched the Big Ten Conference West Division champion Iowa Hawkeyes against the Pac-12 Conference champion Stanford Cardinal. It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Northwestern Mutual financial services organization, the game is officially known as the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. Stanford defeated Iowa 45–16 to win the championship and the Lathrop K. Leishman

"Rose Bowl Game"
in the Rose Bowl. Oregon defeated Florida State, 59–20, ending the Seminoles' 29-game winning streak, which dated back to the end of the 2012 season. As a result, Oregon advanced to the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 12. The 59 points were a new Rose Bowl Game scoring record for a team. The 2016 Rose Bowl featured Pac-12 champions Stanford against Big Ten West Division champions Iowa. Stanford defeated Iowa 45–16, scoring 35 points in the first half, the most points ever scored in the first half of a Rose Bowl. Big Ten champions Michigan State

"2015 Rose Bowl"
2015 Rose Bowl The 2015 Rose Bowl (officially known as the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual) was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 2015, at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 101st Rose Bowl Game, as a semifinal for the College Football Playoff (CFP), matched the Oregon Ducks against the Florida State Seminoles as selected by the system's selection committee to compete for a spot at the National Championship game to be played on January 12, 2015 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. It was one of

"1993 Rose Bowl"
1993 Rose Bowl The 1993 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1993, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. It was the 79th Rose Bowl; the #7 Michigan Wolverines, champions of the Big Ten, defeated the ninth-ranked Washington Huskies, champions of the Pac-10, Michigan running back Tyrone Wheatley was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game. The game, one of the great contests in Rose Bowl history, was back and forth, with six lead changes. Michigan scored the final two touchdowns to win by seven points, avenging the previous year's loss and foiling

"1956 Rose Bowl"
1956 Rose Bowl The 1956 Rose Bowl game, played on January 2, 1956, was the 42nd Rose Bowl game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the UCLA Bruins, 17–14. Michigan State halfback Walt Kowalczyk was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The game was played on January 2, because New Year's Day was a Sunday. It featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day with six African American players for the Bruins and seven for the Spartans. This stood in stark contrast to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where there was controversy over whether Bobby

"2014 Rose Bowl"
2014 Rose Bowl The 2014 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 100th Rose Bowl Game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Michigan State Spartans against Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal (the defending Rose Bowl champions), a rematch of the 1996 Sun Bowl. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The first game in the final edition of the Bowl Championship Series, it was sponsored by the Vizio consumer electronics company, and officially titled the Rose

"1967 Rose Bowl"
1967 Rose Bowl The 1967 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 2, 1967. It was the 53rd Rose Bowl Game, played annually in Pasadena, California. The game was played between the #7 Purdue Boilermakers of the Big Ten Conference and the unranked USC Trojans of the AAWU (Pac-8). Purdue won 14−13, after USC scored a touchdown in the 4th quarter and opted to go for a two-point conversion to win the game, rather than kicking an extra point Purdue defensive back John Charles was named the most valuable player, and the attendance was 101,438. This

win since 1988. Elsworth was named Defensive Player of the Game, and Connor Cook was named Offensive Player of the Game. 2014 Rose Bowl The 2014 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 100th Rose Bowl Game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Michigan State Spartans against Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal (the defending Rose Bowl champions), a rematch of the 1996 Sun Bowl. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The first game in the

"1965 Rose Bowl"
1965 Rose Bowl The 1965 Rose Bowl, played on January 1, 1965, was the 51st Rose Bowl Game. The Michigan Wolverines defeated the Oregon State Beavers by a score of 34–7. Michigan fullback Mel Anthony was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The Wolverines had finished seventh in the Big Ten Conference the previous year, and had placed no higher than a tie for fifth under coach Bump Elliott. Michigan had not been to the Rose Bowl since 1951, but in 1964, they ran up an 8–1 conference record and clinched a Rose Bowl berth, taking a #4

Rose Bowl, in which the Bruins defeated Michigan State. 1965 Rose Bowl The 1965 Rose Bowl, played on January 1, 1965, was the 51st Rose Bowl Game. The Michigan Wolverines defeated the Oregon State Beavers by a score of 34–7. Michigan fullback Mel Anthony was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The Wolverines had finished seventh in the Big Ten Conference the previous year, and had placed no higher than a tie for fifth under coach Bump Elliott. Michigan had not been to the Rose Bowl since 1951, but in 1964, they ran up an 8–1 conference record

"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
NIT (which it won), the NCAA changed the rule to forbid a team the declines an NCAA Tournament bid from participating in any post-season tournament. Since then, the NCAA tournament has clearly been the major one, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it. A third-place game was held from 1946 to 1981. Additionally, when the tournament was first held in 1939 with only two regionals (East and West), the West held a third-place game, but the East did not. The East began holding its own third-place game in 1941, and from then on every

the nation during 1971; and Maryland, which was ranked #3 in the nation in 1974 but lost the ACC tournament championship game to eventual national champion North Carolina State), the NCAA began to place at-large teams in the tournament, instead of just conference champions. At times during the pre-at-large era, the NIT tournament competed for prestige with the NCAA tournament. However, in the 1950s the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments. But when 8th ranked Marquette declined its invitation in 1970 after coach Al McGuire complained about the Warriors' regional placement and instead went to the

"National Invitation Tournament"
was created by basketball's inventor Dr. James Naismith, and one year before the NCAA Tournament. The first NIT was won by the Temple University Owls over the Colorado Buffaloes. Responsibility for the NIT's administration was transferred in 1940 to the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Committee, a body of local New York colleges: Fordham University, Manhattan College, New York University, St. John's University, and Wagner College. This became the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association (MIBA) in 1948. Originally the tournament invited a field of 6 teams, with all games played at Madison Square Garden in downtown Manhattan. The field was expanded to 8

"College basketball"
national collegiate championship was the NAIA in 1937, although it was quickly surpassed in prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which brought six teams to New York's Madison Square Garden in the spring of 1938. Temple defeated Colorado in the first NIT tournament championship game, 60–36. In 1939, another national tournament was implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The location of the NCAA Tournament varied from year to year, and it soon used multiple locations each year, so more fans could see games without traveling to New York. Although the NIT was created earlier and was

when the NCAA eliminated the one-team-per-conference rule in 1975, its requirement that teams accept its bids relegated the NIT to a collection of teams that did not make the NCAA grade. Compounding this, to cut costs the NIT moved its early rounds out of Madison Square Garden in 1977, playing games at home sites until the later rounds. This further harmed the NIT's prestige, both regionalizing interest in it and marginalizing it by reducing its association with Madison Square Garden. By the mid-1980s, its transition to a secondary tournament for lesser teams was complete. In 2005, the NCAA purchased 10-year

teams in 1941, 12 in 1949, 14 in 1965, 16 in 1968, 24 in 1979, 32 in 1980, and 40 from 2002 through 2006. In 2007, the tournament reverted to the current 32-team format. In its early years, the NIT offered some advantages over the NCAA tournament: From its onset and at least into the mid-1950s, the NIT was regarded as the most prestigious showcase for college basketball. All-American at Princeton and later NBA champion with the New York Knicks and United States Senator Bill Bradley states: Several teams played in both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same

National Invitation Tournament The National Invitation Tournament (NIT) is a men's college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, it was founded in 1938 and was originally the most prestigious post-season showcase for college basketball. Over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament – known today informally as ""March Madness"". The NIT has since been regarded more as a ""consolation"" tournament for teams that did not receive a berth in the NCAA tournament. A second, much more recent ""NIT""

Tournament"". It has also been called a tournament to see who the ""69th best team"" in the country is (since there are now 68 teams in the NCAA Tournament). David Thompson, an All-American player from North Carolina State, called the NIT ""a loser's tournament"" in 1975. NC State, which had been the previous year's NCAA champion, refused to play in the tournament that year, following the precedent set by ACC rival Maryland the previous season after losing the Atlantic Coast Conference championship game to the top-ranked Wolfpack. In succeeding years, other teams such as Oklahoma State, Louisville, Georgia Tech, Georgetown,

Ohio). The team played in the NIT instead, which it won. This led the NCAA to decree in 1971 that any school to which it offered a bid must accept it or be prohibited from participating in postseason competition, reducing the pool of teams that could accept an NIT invitation. As the NCAA over time expanded its field to include more teams, the reputation of the NIT suffered. In 1973, NBC moved televised coverage of the NCAA championship from Saturday afternoon to Monday evening, providing the NCAA Tournament with prime-time television exposure the NIT could not match. Even more crucially,

won both the NIT and the NCAA tournaments in the same season, coincidentally defeating Bradley University in the championship game of both tournaments, and remains the only school to accomplish that feat because of a rule change in the early 1950s prohibiting a team from competing in both tournaments. The champions of both the NCAA and NIT tournaments played each other for a few years during World War II. From 1943 to 1945, the American Red Cross sponsored a postseason charity game between each year's tournament champions to raise money for the war effort. The series was described by Ray

"The Lost Boys"
the same name. Brothers Michael and Sam Emerson travel with their recently divorced mother Lucy to the small beach town of Santa Carla, California, to live with her eccentric father, referred to simply as Grandpa. Michael and Sam begin hanging out at the boardwalk, which is plastered with flyers of missing people, while Lucy gets a job at a video store run by a local bachelor, Max. Michael becomes fascinated by Star, a young woman he spots on the boardwalk, though she seems to be in a relationship with the mysterious David, the leader of a young biker gang. In

"Where's Johnny?"
his brother, Johnny Boy, once had a Soprano family hangout. Junior finds that the hangout is now a storefront church and is kicked out. Befuddled, Junior forgets where his car is and walks in the opposite direction. Janice and Bobby argue about what to do when they find out Junior is missing. Paulie pays a visit to Gary and asks him to give back his area to Sal. When Gary refuses, Paulie hits his brother Jimmy in the head with a shovel, causing Gary to fall out of the tree he was trimming. Paulie threatens and robs Gary, takes his

"Park's Quest"
his home to the Vietnam Memorial in Washington DC. There he finds his father's name. There he also resolves to get some of his questions solved. After Randy, Park's mom, writes to Park's dad's side of the family, Randy sends him on a bus for a two-week vacation in south-western Virginia where his grandfather and Uncle Frank maintain the farm on which his father grew up. His grandfather has had 2 strokes and is now inarticulate, able to communicate in only the most rudimentary ways. His uncle has a Vietnamese wife, and shares his home with a Vietnamese girl about

"Hope (Clapham novel)"
an inbred human. Then, other humans surround The Doctor and tranquillise him. Back at the casino, Anji asks Silver if he could clone her boyfriend Dave Young. Silver agrees, but demands that Anji provides him with data from the TARDIS so he can build his own time machine, which Anji agrees to. When his staff tell him that The Doctor has disappeared, Silver explains that he fitted The Doctor with a tracer, and he locates him on the sea bed. Silver then dives down to rescue The Doctor. On sea bed, where The Doctor is being held in a bunker,

"Hope (Deighton novel)"
be cleaned and then disappeared. Bernard and Dicky track him to his old family estate in Poland where his brother Stefan resides. Stefan says that George was murdered by Russian Army defectors and all that was recovered was a leg mauled by wild dogs, and he has a death certificate to prove it. A hand with George's signet ring is later shown to the British Embassy as further proof and sent to Dicky in London. The Stasi try to steal the hand back before it can be forensically analysed but Dicky chases and shoots the agent and recovers the hand.

"Junior Bonner"
named Sunshine. He returns home to Prescott, Arizona, for the Independence Day parade and rodeo. When he arrives, the Bonner family home is being bulldozed by his younger brother Curly, an entrepreneur and real-estate developer, in order to build a trailer park. Junior's womanizing, good-for-nothing father, Ace, and down-to-earth, long-suffering mother, Elvira, are estranged. (Note: both Preston and Lupino were born in 1918, making them just twelve years older than McQueen.) Ace dreams of emigrating to Australia to rear sheep and mine gold, but he fails to obtain financing from Junior, who is broke, and refuses to ask Curly for

"Hope Solo"
teenager, taught her how to play soccer at a young age. When Solo was seven, her father picked her and her brother Marcus up to go to a baseball game in the nearby city of Yakima, but ended up driving over three hours west to Seattle, where they stayed for several days at a hotel. Solo described how it seemed like a vacation at first, but soon realized it was not. Police later found them at a downtown bank and arrested Jeffrey for alleged kidnapping. Although her parents had divorced when she was six and she lived with her mother,

"Saint Maybe"
of the storefront Church of the Second Chance, and he decides to drop out of college to become a carpenter and help his ailing parents with the children, until he eventually becomes their primary caretaker, sacrificing his own freedom to fulfill what he perceives to be a lifelong moral obligation. As the years pass and the three children mature, Ian continues to be torn between his sense of obligation to the children and the urge to have a ""real life,"" but he increasingly finds solace and peace in participation at the church and becomes devoted to it, its homespun followers,

"Luke Spencer"
Lucky, the group head to Cassadine Island where Helena has been keeping young Jake Spencer, whom Luke thought he'd killed in a hit-and-run car accident. Lucky confirms that the boy is his and Elizabeth Webber's son, and the group return home to Port Charles with little Jake. After Tracy files for an annulment, Luke attempts to reconcile with her, only to be rejected. Heartbroken, he goes to his childhood home with the intent of committing suicide but, after facing his past and saying goodbye to Bobbie and Lulu, decides instead that it would be better to leave Port Charles. In

"Hope Was Here"
restaurant's money, Addie decides to move to Mulhoney, a small city in Wisconsin, where she and Hope can work at the small-town diner ""Welcome Stairways"". Hope's new boss, G.T. Stoop, is a kind-hearted man whose leukemia prevents him from working full-time at his diner. After witnessing the political corruption within Mulhoney, G.T. decided to run for mayor against the incumbent candidate, Eli Millstone. Millstone has several illegal agreements with the large corporate Real Fresh Dairy, and in exchange has the workers support his campaign. Encouraged by G.T.'s integrity and bravery to stand up to the corrupt Millstone, a group of

"Mount Ruapehu"
between major eruptions. Ruapehu is largely composed of andesite and began erupting at least 250,000 years ago. In recorded history, major eruptions have been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. Minor eruptions are frequent, with at least 60 since 1945. Some of the minor eruptions in the 1970s generated small ash falls and lahars (mudflows) that damaged skifields. Between major eruptions, warm acidic Crater Lake forms, fed by melting snow. Major eruptions may completely expel the lake water. Where a major eruption has deposited a tephra dam across the lake's outlet, the dam may collapse after the

"Mount Taranaki"
geologically young, having commenced activity approximately 135,000 years ago. The most recent volcanic activity was the production of a lava dome in the crater and its collapse down the side of the mountain in the 1850s or 1860s. Between 1755 and 1800, an eruption sent a pyroclastic flow down the mountain's northeast flanks, and a moderate ash eruption occurred about 1755, of the size of Ruapehu's activity in 1995/1996. The last major eruption occurred around 1655. Recent research has shown that over the last 9,000 years minor eruptions have occurred roughly every 90 years on average, with major eruptions every

small eruptions that spread thin layers of ash across both Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, the ski fields opened for the 1996 season. Turoa closed on 29 September – earlier than usual, while Whakapapa stayed open until Labour Weekend. After the 1996 eruption it was recognised that a catastrophic lahar could again occur when Crater Lake bursts the volcanic ash dam blocking the lake outlet. This is the same mechanism that caused the 1953 lahar. The lake gradually filled with snowmelt and had reached the level of the hard rock rim by January 2005. The lahar finally occurred on 18

in full flood, just before an express train crossed it. It was already known that the river had partially undermined one of the bridge piers and the lahar finished the job, causing the bridge to collapse. Although warned of the collapsed bridge, the train driver was unable to stop the train in time and six of the carriages fell into the river. Spectacular eruptions occurred during 1995 and 1996. Ruapehu had been showing signs of increased activity since late November 1994, with elevated Crater Lake temperatures and a series of eruptions that increased in intensity over about nine months. Several

corrosion on the turbine blades which had to be rebuilt. Episodic eruptions continued until the end of November 1995. Within hours of a major eruption during the night being reported on 25 September 1995, news media were trying to get live video of the eruption and amateur photographers had published eruption images on the World Wide Web. A web camera, dubbed the world's first ""Volcano Cam"", was set up. Since then Ruapehu has been monitored by at least one and sometimes several volcano cams. Another, smaller, eruption phase began on the morning of 17 June 1996. Despite a series of

March 2007 (see below). Ruapehu erupted at 10.30pm on 4 October 2006. The small eruption created a volcanic earthquake at a magnitude of 2.8, sending a water plume 200 m into the air and tall waves crashing into the wall of the crater. On 18 March 2007, the tephra dam which had been holding back Crater Lake burst, sending a lahar down the mountain. An estimated 1.4 million cubic metres of mud, rock, and water travelled down the Whangaehu river. The Department of Conservation had received warning signals from the lahar warning system (ERLAWS) at around 10:30 that morning and

"Mount Tarawera"
Lakes Tarawera, Rotomahana, Rerewhakaaitu, Okataina, Okareka, Tikitapu (Blue Lake) and Rotokakahi (Green Lake). The Tarawera River runs northeastwards across the northern flank of the mountain from Lake Tarawera. Mount Tarawera erupted around 1315. The ash thrown from this event may have affected temperatures around the globe and precipitated the Great Famine of 1315–17 in Europe. Shortly after midnight on the morning of 10 June 1886, a series of more than 30 increasingly strong earthquakes were felt in the Rotorua area and an unusual sheet lightning display was observed from the direction of Tarawera. At around 2:00 am a larger earthquake

lake has refilled and risen above the level of its normal outlet, the outrush of water causing a large lahar. In 2000, the ERLAWS system was installed on the mountain to detect such a collapse and alert the relevant authorities. The 1945 eruption emptied Crater Lake and dammed the outlet with tephra. The crater slowly refilled with water, until on 24 December 1953 the tephra dam collapsed causing a lahar in the Whangaehu River. The lahar caused the Tangiwai disaster, with the loss of 151 lives, when the Tangiwai railway bridge across the Whangaehu River collapsed while the lahar was

the Dome Shelter near the crater. The rock crashed into the Dome Shelter, landed on the man and was too heavy for his companion to lift off. Two lahars that travelled down the mountain activated warning signals from the lahar warning system and prompted the evacuation of some ski lodges on the mountain and the closure of roads in the area. The eruption was accompanied by a 7-minute-long earthquake, measuring 2.9 on the Richter Scale. On 2 May 2008, a level-1 warning was issued after GNS scientists who were monitoring the lake found irregular signs of volcanic activity. This included

and mountain visitors are advised to be prepared and carry basic survival equipment. Although severe weather is unusual and generally forecast, it has claimed several lives over the years, including a party of five NZ Army soldiers and one RNZN naval rating, caught in a week-long storm while undergoing winter survival training in 1990. The same storm also trapped an experienced Japanese mountaineer when the weather unexpectedly closed in on him, but he built a snow cave and sheltered in it until he was rescued days later. On 5 July 2003, about 350 skiers and 70 skifield staff were trapped

"Lady Macbeth"
orders him to return them to the scene of the crime. He refuses. She carries the daggers to the room and smears the drugged attendants with blood. The couple retire to wash their hands. Following the murder of King Duncan, Lady Macbeth's role in the plot diminishes. When Duncan's sons flee the land in fear for their own lives, Macbeth is appointed king. Without consulting his queen, Macbeth plots other murders in order to secure his throne, and, at a royal banquet, the queen is forced to dismiss her guests when Macbeth hallucinates. In her last appearance, she sleepwalks in

profound torment. She dies off-stage, with suicide being suggested as its cause, when Malcolm declares that she died by ""self and violent hands."" In the First Folio, the only source for the play, she is never referred to as Lady Macbeth, but variously as ""Macbeth's wife"", ""Macbeth's lady"", or just ""lady"". The sleepwalking scene is one of the more celebrated scenes from ""Macbeth,"" and, indeed, in all of Shakespeare. It has no counterpart in ""Holinshed's Chronicles,"" Shakespeare's source material for the play, but is solely the bard's invention. A.C. Bradley notes that, with the exception of the scene's few closing

lines, the scene is entirely in prose with Lady Macbeth being the only major character in Shakespearean tragedy to make a last appearance ""denied the dignity of verse."" According to Bradley, Shakespeare generally assigned prose to characters exhibiting abnormal states of mind or abnormal conditions such as somnambulism, with the regular rhythm of verse being inappropriate to characters having lost their balance of mind or subject to images or impressions with no rational connection. Lady Macbeth's recollections – the blood on her hand, the striking of the clock, her husband's reluctance – are brought forth from her disordered mind in

Macbeth
palace at Dunsinane, a doctor and a gentlewoman discuss Lady Macbeth's strange habit of sleepwalking. Suddenly, Lady Macbeth enters in a trance with a candle in her hand. Bemoaning the murders of Duncan, Lady Macduff, and Banquo, she tries to wash off imaginary bloodstains from her hands, all the while speaking of the terrible things she knows she pressed her husband to do. She leaves, and the doctor and gentlewoman marvel at her descent into madness. Her belief that nothing can wash away the blood on her hands is an ironic reversal of her earlier claim to Macbeth that ""[a]

Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is a leading character in William Shakespeare's tragedy ""Macbeth"" (c.1603–1607). The wife of the play's tragic hero, Macbeth (a Scottish nobleman), Lady Macbeth goads her husband into committing regicide, after which she becomes queen of Scotland. Later, however, she suffers pangs of guilt for her part in the crime, which drives her to sleepwalk. She dies off-stage in the last act, an apparent suicide. According to some genealogists, Lady Macbeth and King Duncan's wife were siblings or cousins, where Duncan's wife had a stronger claim to the throne than Lady Macbeth. It was this that incited

Macbeth
until a desperate Lady Macbeth tells them that her husband is merely afflicted with a familiar and harmless malady. The ghost departs and returns once more, causing the same riotous anger and fear in Macbeth. This time, Lady Macbeth tells the lords to leave, and they do so. Macbeth, disturbed, visits the three witches once more and asks them to reveal the truth of their prophecies to him. To answer his questions, they summon horrible apparitions, each of which offers predictions and further prophecies to put Macbeth's fears at rest. First, they conjure an armoured head, which tells him to

Macbeth
late that he has misinterpreted the witches' words. Though he realises that he is doomed, he continues to fight. Macduff kills and beheads him, thus fulfilling the remaining prophecy. Macduff carries Macbeth's head onstage and Malcolm discusses how order has been restored. His last reference to Lady Macbeth, however, reveals ""'tis thought, by self and violent hands / Took off her life"" (V.ix.71–72), but the method of her suicide is undisclosed. Malcolm, now the King of Scotland, declares his benevolent intentions for the country and invites all to see him crowned at Scone. Although Malcolm, and not Fleance, is placed

Banquo
thoughts. Banquo's triumph over death appears symbolically, insofar as he literally takes Macbeth's seat during the feast. Shocked, Macbeth uses words appropriate to the metaphor of usurpation, describing Banquo as ""crowned"" with wounds. The spirit drains Macbeth's manhood along with the blood from his cheeks; as soon as Banquo's form vanishes, Macbeth announces: ""Why, so; being gone, / I am a man again."" Like the vision of Banquo's lineage, the banquet scene has also been the subject of criticism. Critics have questioned whether not one, but perhaps two ghosts appear in this scene: Banquo and Duncan. Scholars arguing that Duncan

Macbeth
murder Duncan in order to obtain kingship. When Macbeth arrives at Inverness, she overrides all of her husband's objections by challenging his manhood and successfully persuades him to kill the king that very night. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan's two chamberlains drunk so that they will black out; the next morning they will blame the chamberlains for the murder. They will be defenceless as they will remember nothing. While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a hallucination of a bloody dagger. He is so shaken that Lady

"Ghost (Hamlet)"
by all present as the King, dressed in his full armour. Marcellus notes that the Ghost had appeared to the castle guards twice before. Talk of spectral visitations has unsettled the night watch. Francisco, who Bernardo relieves on guard duty says, ""For this relief much thanks; 'tis bitter cold,/And I am sick at heart."" Seeing the Ghost arrayed in a military aspect, and aware that the Norwegian crown prince Fortinbras is marshalling his forces on the frontier, Horatio recognises that the appearance of the Ghost must portend something regarding matters of state. Horatio then persuades Prince Hamlet into staying up

Vampirina
block after she and her family move from Transylvania to Pennsylvania to open a local bed and breakfast called the Scare B&B for visiting ghouls (including vampires) and goblins. The Hauntley family have to learn to do things the ""Pennsylvania way,"" especially when Vee is at school. Note: Beginning with this season, episode title cards have been discontinued, but they are still heard. ""Vampirina"" premiered on Sunday, October 1, 2017 in the United States with two back-to-back episodes simulcast on Disney Channel and Disney Junior. Of the first season's 15 episodes, 10 premiered within the month of October to tie

"The Vanilla Ice Project"
the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 is scheduled to premiere in July 2018. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of ""The Vanilla Ice Project"" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season is to be released in late 2016. This will include deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice

"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8)"
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8) The eighth season of the animated television series """", developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or ""G4"", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 8 of the series premiered on March 24, 2018, on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 13. The show follows a pony named Twilight

characters Maud Pie, Spike, the Cutie Mark Crusaders, Queen Chrysalis and Discord return with exciting storylines and a whole lot of magic!"" <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8) The eighth season of the animated television series """", developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or ""G4"", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 8 of the series premiered on March 24, 2018, on

whose new political ideas of natural rights influenced the declaration of independence

"Natural and legal rights"
1704) was another prominent Western philosopher who conceptualized rights as natural and inalienable. Like Hobbes, Locke believed in a natural right to life, liberty, and property. It was once conventional wisdom that Locke greatly influenced the American Revolutionary War with his writings of natural rights, but this claim has been the subject of protracted dispute in recent decades. For example, the historian Ray Forrest Harvey declared that Jefferson and Locke were at ""two opposite poles"" in their political philosophy, as evidenced by Jefferson’s use in the Declaration of Independence of the phrase ""pursuit of happiness"" instead of ""property."" More recently,

ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution, especially through his indirect influence on English writers such as John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon, and Benjamin Hoadly, whose political ideas in turn had a strong influence on the American revolutionaries. Locke is often referred to as ""the philosopher of the American Revolution"" due to his work in the Social Contract and Natural Rights theories that underpinned the Revolution's political ideology. Locke's Two Treatises of Government published in 1689 were especially influential. He argued that all humans were created equally free, and governments therefore needed the ""consent of the governed."" In

"American Enlightenment"
widely read than were his political ""Treatises"". The Scottish Enlightenment also influenced American thinkers. David Hume's ""Essays"" and his ""History of England"" were widely read in the colonies, and Hume's political thought had a particular influence on James Madison and the Constitution. Another important Scottish writer was Francis Hutcheson. Hutcheson's ideas of ethics, along with notions of civility and politeness developed by the Earl of Shaftesbury, and Addison and Richard Steele in their ""Spectator"", were a major influence on upper-class American colonists who sought to emulate European manners and learning. By far the most important French sources to the American

and attitudes. Loyalties and allegiances varied widely within regions and communities and even within families, and sometimes shifted during the course of the Revolution. The American Enlightenment was a critical precursor of the American Revolution. Chief among the ideas of the American Enlightenment were the concepts of Natural Law, Natural Rights, Consent of the Governed, Individualism, Property Rights, Self-Ownership, Self-Determination, liberalism, republicanism and fear of corruption. Collectively, the acceptance of these concepts by a growing number of American colonists began to foster an intellectual environment which would lead to a new sense of political and social identity. John Locke's (1632–1704)

"Age of Enlightenment"
cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment ran in both directions across the Atlantic. Thinkers such as Paine, Locke and Rousseau all take Native American cultural practices as examples of natural freedom. The Americans closely followed English and Scottish political ideas, as well as some French thinkers such as Montesquieu. As deists, they were influenced by ideas of John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733). During the Enlightenment there was a great emphasis upon liberty, republicanism and religious tolerance. There was no respect for monarchy or inherited political power. Deists reconciled science and religion by rejecting prophecies, miracles and Biblical

in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority. These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with the social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called for a ""wall of separation between church and state"" at the federal level. He previously had supported successful efforts

to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton, whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived. The Enlightenment took hold in most European countries, often with a specific local emphasis. For example, in France it became associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism, while in Germany it reached deep into the middle classes, where it expressed a spiritualistic and nationalistic tone without threatening governments or established churches. Government responses varied widely. In France, the

law and natural rights are derived from self-evident principles, not from speculative principles or from facts. There is also debate as to whether all rights are either natural or legal. Fourth president of the United States James Madison, while representing Virginia in the House of Representatives, believed that there are rights, such as trial by jury, that are social rights, arising neither from natural law nor from positive law (which are the basis of natural and legal rights respectively) but from the social contract from which a government derives its authority. Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) included a discussion of natural rights

"Romanticism in science"
reductionism. This was considered necessary in order to build upon the knowledge of the ancients, such as Ptolemy, and Renaissance thinkers, such as Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. It was widely believed that man's sheer intellectual power alone was sufficient to understanding every aspect of nature. Examples of prominent Enlightenment scholars include: Sir Isaac Newton (physics and mathematics), Gottfried Leibniz (philosophy and mathematics), and Carl Linnaeus (botanist and physician). Romanticism had four basic principles: ""the original unity of man and nature in a Golden Age; the subsequent separation of man from nature and the fragmentation of human faculties; the interpretability of

traditional doctrines and dogmas. The philosophic movement was led by Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation. The political philosopher Montesquieu introduced the idea of a separation of powers in a government, a concept which was enthusiastically adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution. While the ""Philosophes"" of the French Enlightenment were not revolutionaries and many were members of the nobility, their ideas played an important part in undermining the

There is no archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and the building is not mentioned in surviving extra-biblical accounts. Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman argue that the first Jewish temple in Jerusalem was not built until the end of the 7th century BCE, around three hundred years after Solomon. They believe the temple should not really be assigned to Solomon, who they see as little more than a small-time hill country chieftain, and argue that it was most likely built by Josiah, who governed Judah from 639 to 609 BCE. There is archaeological and written evidence of

was too large to enter from above lends to the idea that water would likely have flowed from it down into a subcontainer beneath. The water was originally supplied by the Gibeonites, but was afterwards brought by a conduit from Solomon's Pools. The molten sea was made of brass or bronze, which Solomon had taken from the captured cities of Hadarezer, the king of Zobah (). Ahaz later removed this laver from the oxen, and placed it on a stone pavement (). It was destroyed by the Chaldeans (). The lavers, each of which held ""forty baths"" (1 Kings 7:38),

later, on the third day of Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the Great (12 March 515 BCE), dedicated by the Jewish governor Zerubbabel. However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings. Cyrus in 536 BCE, which is recorded in the first chapter of Ezra. Next, Darius I of Persia in 519 BCE, which is recorded in the sixth chapter of Ezra. Third, Artaxerxes I of Persia in 457 BCE, which was the seventh

Solomon
the Talmud, Solomon is one of the 48 prophets. In the Quran, he is considered a major prophet, and Muslims generally refer to him by the Arabic variant Sulayman, son of David. The Hebrew Bible credits him as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem, beginning in the fourth year of his reign, using the vast wealth he and his father had accumulated. He dedicated the temple to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He is portrayed as great in wisdom, wealth and power beyond either of the previous kings of the country, but also as a king who sinned.

who negotiated an agreement with japan concerning the future of korea

"Taft–Katsura agreement"
Taft–Katsura agreement The was a 1905 discussion (not an agreement and not a treaty) between senior leaders of Japan and the United States regarding the positions of the two nations in greater East Asian affairs, especially regarding the status of Korea and Philippines in the aftermath of Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War. It was not an ""agreement"" and did not set out any new policies, but a memorandum. The memorandum was not classified as a secret but no scholar noticed it in the archives until 1924. The discussions were between United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft and

"Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904"
Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904 The Japan–Korea Protocol of August 1904 was made between representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1904. Negotiations were concluded on August 22, 1904. This treaty required Korea to engage financial and diplomatic advisers designated by Japan. Also, the treaty required Korea to consult with Japan before making treaties with foreign powers, and before granting concessions or making contracts with foreigners. The treaty presumes that the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs ""ad interim"" of His Majesty

"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905"
with the Korean Imperial palace under occupation by Japanese troops, and the Imperial Japanese Army stationed at strategic locations throughout Korea, the Korean side was at a distinct disadvantage in the discussions. On 9 November 1905, Itō Hirobumi arrived in Hanseong and gave a letter from the Emperor of Japan to Gojong, Emperor of Korea, asking him to sign the treaty. On 15 November 1905, he ordered Japanese troops to encircle the Korean imperial palace and threatened the emperor in order to force him to agree to the treaty. On 17 November 1905, Ito and Japanese Field Marshal Hasegawa Yoshimichi

"Nishi–Rosen Agreement"
Nishi–Rosen Agreement With Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, and increasing influence in domestic Korean politics, tensions continued to rise between Japan and Russia over political and economic control of Korea. The Agreement was signed in Tokyo by Japanese Foreign Minister Baron Nishi Tokujirō, and Russian Foreign Minister Baron Roman Romanovich Rosen. Under the terms of the Agreement, both nations agreed to refrain from interfering in domestic Korean politics, and to seek prior approval from each other before sending any military or financial advisors at the request of the Korean government. Russia pledged not to obstruct Japanese investment in

null and void"""" by Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea concluded in 1965. Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904 The Japan–Korea Protocol of August 1904 was made between representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1904. Negotiations were concluded on August 22, 1904. This treaty required Korea to engage financial and diplomatic advisers designated by Japan. Also, the treaty required Korea to consult with Japan before making treaties with foreign powers, and before granting concessions or making contracts with foreigners. The treaty presumes that the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His

"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907"
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 was made between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1907. Negotiations were concluded on July 24, 1907. The treaty provided that Korea should act under the guidance of a Japanese resident general. The effect of the treaty's provisions was that the administration of internal affairs was turned over to Japan. The Korean Empire had become a protectorate of Japan under the terms of the earlier Eulsa Treaty on 1905, and had thus lost the right to conduct diplomatic exchanges with other countries. Korean Emperor Gojong sent an envoy

"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904"
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904 The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904 was made between representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1904. Negotiations were concluded on February 23, 1904. The treaty preamble asserted that the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs ""ad interim"" of His Majesty the Emperor of Korea were ""respectively duly empowered"" to negotiate and to agree upon the specific language of the proposed bilateral treaty: For the purpose of maintaining a permanent and solid friendship between Japan and Korea and firmly

the commercial and economic development of Korea, thus explicitly acknowledging Korea to be within Japan's sphere of influence. In return, Japan implicitly recognized Russia's lease of territory on the Liaodong Peninsula. Nishi–Rosen Agreement With Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, and increasing influence in domestic Korean politics, tensions continued to rise between Japan and Russia over political and economic control of Korea. The Agreement was signed in Tokyo by Japanese Foreign Minister Baron Nishi Tokujirō, and Russian Foreign Minister Baron Roman Romanovich Rosen. Under the terms of the Agreement, both nations agreed to refrain from interfering in domestic Korean

"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876"
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, also known as the Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity in Japanese or Treaty of Ganghwa Island in Korean, was made between representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Kingdom of Joseon in 1876. Negotiations were concluded on February 26, 1876. In January 1864, King Cheoljong died without an heir and Gojong ascended the throne at the age of 12. However, King Gojong was too young and the new king's father, Yi Ha-ŭng, became the Daewongun or lord of the great court, and ruled Korea in his son's name. Originally the

"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885"
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885 The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885, also known as the with Hanseong () being a historical name for Seoul, was negotiated between Japan and Korea following an unsuccessful coup d'état in the Korean capital in December 1884. A coup d'état, also known as the Gapsin Coup, was attempted on December 4, 1884. The timing of the coup took advantage of the fact that the Chinese withdrew half of its garrison troops from Seoul. After only three days, the revolt was suppressed by Chinese military forces which were garrisoned in the Korean capital city of Hanseong (Seoul). During

"Nick Bakay"
Nick Bakay Nicholas Bakay ( ; born October 8, 1959) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian and sportscaster. He is known as the voice of Salem Saberhagen on ABC/The WB's ""Sabrina the Teenage Witch"" and """", and Norbert Beaver on ""The Angry Beavers"". He played Karl on the Fox series ""'Til Death"" as well as serving as a producer of the show until it was cancelled by Fox. Nicholas Bakay was born on October 8, 1959 in Buffalo, New York, where he attended Nichols School. He graduated from Kenyon College in 1981. He has Hungarian roots (his surname

"Salem Saberhagen"
live-action sitcom, including his last name being ""Saberhagen,"" being black colored, and having been a former witch turned into a cat as punishment by the Witch's Council. Unlike the live-action sitcom, but similar to the previous Filmation series, Salem possesses a limited range of magical powers. Nick Bakay reprised Salem for ""Sabrina, the Animated Series"". Louis Chirillo provided Salem's voice in ""Sabrina: Friends Forever"", while Maurice LaMarche took over for ""Sabrina's Secret Life"". Salem appeared in the ""Sabrina the Teenage Witch"" live-action TV movie. Salem appeared in the 2013 series """". Ian James Corlett voices Salem. His voice in the

"Salem (TV series)"
the new title ""Salem"". On November 8, 2013, filming of the series began in Shreveport, Louisiana, on an expansive set reflecting 17th-century Massachusetts. On May 15, 2014, ""Salem"" was renewed for a 13-episode second season by WGN America. On July 11, 2015, ""Salem"" was renewed for a 10-episode third season by WGN America. It began production on January 21, 2016. Casting announcements began in October 2013, with Ashley Madekwe first cast in the role of Tituba. Seth Gabel was the next actor cast, in the regular role of Cotton Mather. Janet Montgomery and Xander Berkeley were cast in the lead

"Thom Adcox-Hernandez"
Justice"" both produced by ""Gargoyles"" Creator Greg Weisman. Thom Adcox-Hernandez Thom Adcox-Hernandez is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as Brian in the prime-time soap opera, ""Falcon Crest"" and the voices of Felix the Cat in ""The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat"" and Lexington on ""Gargoyles"". Adcox starred as Lexington in the Disney animated series ""Gargoyles"", and Pupert in ""The Buzz on Maggie"". He also co-starred on ""Nazca"", ""W.I.T.C.H."", and ""The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy"". Most recently was cast as Phineas Mason/Tinkerer in The CW4Kids series ""The Spectacular Spider-Man"" and as ""Klarion the

"Ronnie Scribner"
of 2011, Scribner was working as a consumer credit manager and was living in the Denver, Colorado, area with his wife Jessica and their three children. Ronnie Scribner Ronnie Scribner (born July 23, 1966) is an American former actor. Beginning his career as a professional child actor and model at the age of 11, Scribner is perhaps best known for his role as the child vampire Ralphie Glick in the 1979 CBS mini-series ""Salem's Lot"". Rising to prominence among teenage audiences as an adolescent, he is also known for his multiple guest-starring roles throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s

"Ricky Mabe"
Ricky Mabe Richard Mabe (born May 24, 1983) is a Canadian actor. Mabe was born in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. He first voiced the character Willie in CINAR Animation's ""The Little Lulu Show"" and has subsequently starred frequently on various Canadian television series' and in feature films alongside Burt Reynolds, Ryan Gosling and Elisha Cuthbert. He was also the voice of Timmy Tibble one of the Tibble Twins on the PBS children's animated television program ""Arthur"", Stig in ""Pig City"", Freddie Fay in the later season of ""The Kids from Room 402"" and played Gideon Lustig in several episodes of ""Beautiful People"".

role of Mary Sibley and the role of Magistrate Hale, respectively. Shane West later signed onto the series regular role of John Alden. Also cast was Tamzin Merchant as Anne Hale. Elise Eberle was later cast in the series regular role of Mercy Lewis. On the June 1, 2014 episode, Stephen Lang joined the cast in the recurring role of Increase Mather. After the first season, Lucy Lawless and Stuart Townsend joined ""Salem"" in the recurring roles of Countess Marburg and Samuel Wainwright, respectively. Joe Doyle and Oliver Bell have also joined the second season in regular roles of Baron

Thom Adcox-Hernandez Thom Adcox-Hernandez is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as Brian in the prime-time soap opera, ""Falcon Crest"" and the voices of Felix the Cat in ""The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat"" and Lexington on ""Gargoyles"". Adcox starred as Lexington in the Disney animated series ""Gargoyles"", and Pupert in ""The Buzz on Maggie"". He also co-starred on ""Nazca"", ""W.I.T.C.H."", and ""The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy"". Most recently was cast as Phineas Mason/Tinkerer in The CW4Kids series ""The Spectacular Spider-Man"" and as ""Klarion the Witch Boy"" in the Cartoon Network series ""Young

Ronnie Scribner Ronnie Scribner (born July 23, 1966) is an American former actor. Beginning his career as a professional child actor and model at the age of 11, Scribner is perhaps best known for his role as the child vampire Ralphie Glick in the 1979 CBS mini-series ""Salem's Lot"". Rising to prominence among teenage audiences as an adolescent, he is also known for his multiple guest-starring roles throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s on such television series as the ""ABC Afterschool Special"", ""Little House on the Prairie"", ""The Love Boat"", ""Fantasy Island"", ""CHiPs"", and ""Dallas"", among others. Ronnie Scribner

"Dave Fennoy"
by a colleague that he should attempt to pursue work as a voice actor. He has since made a homemade voice acting studio in the basement of his house. Dave Fennoy David Henderson Fennoy (born January 20, 1952) is an American voice actor. His roles include Lee Everett in ""The Walking Dead"", Bluebeard in ""The Wolf Among Us"" as well as Finch in ""Tales from the Borderlands"", all three of which were designed by Telltale Games. Fennoy was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and then moved to Cleveland, Ohio. He was a child actor at the Karamu House in Cleveland.

who did the central powers defeat on the eastern front before concentrating back on france

"War of the Fifth Coalition"
great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 160 miles (260 km). Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Bavaria. Napoleon hoped to swing his forces northward and perform a wheeling movement that would find the French at the Austrian rear. The Ulm Maneuver was well executed, and on 20 October Mack and 23,000 Austrian troops surrendered at Ulm, bringing the total number of Austrian prisoners in the campaign to 60,000. The French captured Vienna in November and went on to inflict

"War of the Sixth Coalition"
frontline troops in the German theatre, with a strategic reserve of 350,000. Napoleon succeeded in bringing the total imperial forces in the region up to around 650,000 (although only 250,000 were under his direct command, with another 120,000 under Nicolas Charles Oudinot and 30,000 under Davout). The Confederation of the Rhine furnished Napoleon with the bulk of the remainder of the forces, with Saxony and Bavaria as principal contributors. In addition, to the south, Murat's Kingdom of Naples and Eugène de Beauharnais's Kingdom of Italy had a combined total of 100,000 men under arms. In Spain an additional 150–200,000 French

right bank of the Saale river and the left of the Elster. The decisive actions took place on 14 October: with an army of 90,000, Napoleon crushed Hohenlohe at Jena, and Davout, commander of the III Corps, outdid everyone when his 27,000 troops held off and defeated the 63,000 Prussians under Brunswick and King Frederick William III at the Battle of Auerstadt. A vigorous French pursuit through Northern Germany finished off the remnants of the Prussian army. The French then invaded Poland, which had been partitioned among Prussia, Austria, and Russia in 1795, to meet the Russian forces that had

campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube valley, the war ended favourably for the French after the bloody struggle at Wagram in early July. The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end the former succeeded in making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of Franco-Austrian peace and friendship. Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained part of Habsburg territories, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while

Austrians. The French managed to capture Regensburg after a heroic charge led by Marshal Lannes, but the vast majority of the Austrian army fled successfully to Bohemia. Napoleon then turned his attention south towards Vienna, fighting a series of actions against Hiller's forces, most famously, at the Battle of Ebersberg on 3 May. Ten days later, the Austrian capital fell for the second time in four years. On 16 May and 17, the main Austrian army under Charles arrived in the Marchfeld, a plain northeast of Vienna just across the Danube that often served as a training ground for Austrian

troops had to face off against 75,000 Austrians. When Napoleon finally learned that Charles was not withdrawing to the east, he realigned the Grande Armée's axis in an operation that became known as the Landshut Maneuver. All available French forces, except 20,000 troops under Bessieres that were chasing Hiller, now hurled themselves against Eckmühl in another bid to trap the Austrians and relieve their beleaguered comrades. For 22 April, Charles left 40,000 troops under Rosenburg and Hohenzollern to attack Davout and Lefebvre while detaching two corps under Kollowrat and Lichtenstein to march for Abbach and gain undisputed control of the

not been able to save Prussia. The Russian and French armies met in February 1807 at the savage and indecisive Battle of Eylau, which left behind between 30,000–50,000 casualties. Napoleon regrouped his forces after the battle and continued to pursue the Russians in upcoming months. The action in Poland finally culminated on 14 June 1807, when the French mauled their Russian opponents at the Battle of Friedland. The resulting Treaty of Tilsit in July ended two years of bloodshed and left France as the dominant power on the European continent. It also severely weakened Prussia and formed a Franco-Russian axis

tactical shortcomings; the decline in tactical skill of the French infantry led to increasingly heavy columns of foot soldiers eschewing all manoeuvre and relying on sheer weight of numbers to break through, a development best emphasised by MacDonald's attack at Wagram. The Grande Armée lost its qualitative edge partly because raw conscripts replaced many of the veterans of Austerlitz and Jena, eroding tactical flexibility. Additionally, Napoleon's armies were more and more composed of non-French contingents, undermining morale. Although Napoleon manoeuvred with customary brilliance, as evidenced by overturning the awful initial French position, the growing size of his armies stretched even

Regensburg, leaving a garrison of only 2,000 for defence. The northbound Austrian columns in the Kelheim–Abbach zone ran into the four French columns heading west towards Neustadt in the early hours of the 19th. The Austrian attacks were slow, uncoordinated, and easily repulsed by the experienced French III Corps. Napoleon knew there was fighting in Davout's sector and had already devised a new strategy that he hoped would beat the Austrians: while the Austrians attacked to the north, Masséna's corps, later augmented by Oudinot's forces, would strike southeast towards Freising and Landshut in hopes of rolling up the entire Austrian

this likely new second front. His rough ideas about the possible upcoming campaign included the decision to make the Danube valley the main theatre of operations, as he had done in 1805, and to tie down any Austrian forces that might invade northern Italy by positioning some of his own forces that would be commanded by Eugène and Marmont. Faulty intelligence gave Napoleon the impression that the main Austrian attack would come north of the Danube. On 30 March, he wrote a letter to Berthier explaining his intention to mass around 140,000 troops in the vicinity of Regensburg (Ratisbon), far

"Ordeal by Innocence (TV series)"
The series attracted positive reviews despite some backlash over the changes made to the plot. The direction and styling were afforded particular praise. Wealthy heiress Rachel Argyll is found bludgeoned to death in her palatial home where she lives with her husband Leo, their five adopted children Mary, Mickey, Jack, Tina, and Hester, and their maid Kirsten Lindquist. Jack is arrested for the crime as his fingerprints are found on the presumed murder weapon. He is killed in jail before he can stand trial. Eighteen months later, Leo is set to marry his secretary Gwenda Vaughn, much to his children's

actor and re-shot Westwick's part with Christian Cooke. The BBC explained that as Ridley Scott had already done something similar with ""All the Money in the World"", they decided to re-shoot too as, as they described it, ""hundreds and hundreds of hours of people's hard earned work would have been lost"". Westwick has strenuously denied the allegations and had stated that nothing had been proven. Forty-five minutes of footage from 35 scenes was shot over 12 days with Christian Cooke. The other actors in the production were drafted in and whilst most made the time, (one production personality described them

""The Sunday Telegraph"", Ed Cumming described the series as ""taut writing"" but questioned the necessity for three episodes. He also noted that ""everyone was so unlikeable"". ""The Times"" gave the first episode four stars out of five and noted that in spite of the production having to have 35 scenes re-shot with new actor Christian Cooke, the production was seamless. Similarly, the second episode was awarded four stars out of five. The reviewer lamented that the series had been ""eked out over three weeks instead of a fortnight"" but had described the episode as ""rattling along rather nicely"". Special mention

due to the sexual assault allegations against Westwick. Its broadcast over the Eastertide of 2018 has split the series into three episodes across three weeks which has lead to some dubbing it ""ordeal by iPlayer"". After the drama had completed filming, the actor playing the part of Mickey Argyll (Ed Westwick) was accused of sexual assault by two women. In the wake of other sexual assault scandals in 2017, the BBC decided to delay the broadcast pending an investigation into the allegations against Westwick. When two more women came forward to allege impropriety by Westwick, the BBC auditioned a new

BBC and Phelps have come under criticism for changing the plot with many online users stating that Agatha Christie knew what she was writing about. One user said, ""Why doesn't [Phelps] write her own books if she thinks she can do better than someone who's sold millions of books.""[""recte""?] The three-parter was filmed in, and around, the town of Inverkip in the Inverclyde district west of Glasgow. Ardgowan House was used as the Argyll family home of Sunny Point. The series was originally supposed to have been broadcast over the Christmas and New Year holidays of 2017/2018, but was cancelled

"Ordeal by Innocence"
Durrant, Alice Eve as Gwenda Vaughan, and Anthony Boyle as Jack Argyll. The script was written by Sarah Phelps, who also adapted the Christie miniseries ""And Then There Were None"" and ""The Witness for the Prosecution"" for the BBC. First scheduled to air in 2017, the series was delayed due to sexual allegations against actor Ed Westwick, who was originally cast as Mickey Argyll, which led to Westwick's scenes being reshot with Christian Cooke as Mickey. The series features many differences from the original novel, including the ending, where the killer is revealed to be Leo instead of Kirsten. Additionally,

is the same). The main suspect character, Jack, is called Jacko in the book, and he dies in prison from pneumonia instead of being beaten to death. With regard to characters, Kirsten Lindstrom, the family's housekeeper, is a middle-aged Nordic woman in the novel, a detail that plays a key role in the book's solution; in the miniseries, she is depicted as a Scottish woman in her thirties, who is one of Rachel's foundlings. The subplot of her and Leo being the biological parents of Jack was created for the series. Dr Calgary is portrayed as mentally disturbed in this

Jack is depicted as having no involvement with Rachel's murder and is the biological son of Leo and Kirsten, resulting in Leo having him beaten to death in prison when he threatens to reveal his true parentage. The series also portrays Calgary as a former mental patient, which causes doubts toward his testimony as Jack's alibi. The novel was also adapted into a stage play by Mary Jane Hansen performed for the first time by the New York State Theatre Institute in Troy, New York. The original run lasted from 4 to 17 February 2007, and included 14 performances. ""Ordeal

version, putting his testimony into doubt, whereas in the book his testimony is seen as reliable from the very beginning. Other characters, such as Gwenda Vaughan, Mary Durrant, and Hester Argyll, are portrayed much more negatively than they were in the novel: Gwenda is bossy and smug, Mary is deeply embittered, and Hester is a secret alcoholic. The solution has also been radically altered. In the book, the murderer is Kirsten, who is seduced by Jacko and instructed to kill Rachel. Jacko then intends to use Calgary to establish an alibi for himself, but this backfires when the police are

biological mother and Leo his father, which causes him to flee the house. Rachel discovers Leo having an affair with Gwenda and threatens to divorce him, so he bludgeons her to death with one of his Egyptian statuettes. Bellamy Gould then helps frame Jack out of rage at an affair which Jack had had with his wife. To prevent Jack from revealing the truth about his parentage, Leo and Bellamy also conspire to have him killed before he can stand trial. In the present, Calgary is taken away to the mental hospital on Leo's recommendation. Kirsten and the children then

"Miami University"
is Miami's student-run fashion magazine that publishes an issue each semester and also maintains a blog. As of 2017, Miami University has a total enrollment of 24,424 admitted students. The Oxford campus encompasses 19,452 students, of which 17,147 are at the undergraduate and 2,305 at the graduates and professional. Although 40.5% of students come from Ohio, offers of first-year admission for Fall 2017 included students from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and abroad. Miami University encompasses 3,056 international students from 85 countries. Of the regularly enrolled international students, the most represented countries/regions are China, India, Vietnam and

"University of Miami"
University of Miami The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, U of M, or The U) is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. , the university enrolls 17,331 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami's Health District, a law school on the main campus, and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key, with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County. The university offers 138 undergraduate, 144 master's, and 68

82 percent graduating within 5 years, and 84 percent graduating within 6 years. Male student-athletes have a 56 percent graduation rate, and 67 percent of female student-athletes graduate within 6 years. UM received a record 34,279 undergraduate applications for fall 2018 and reported an acceptance rate of 32.1%. In 2018, the mean ACT score of enrolled students was 31, and the mean SAT score was 1340. There are currently 2,660 full-time faculty members, with 97 percent of regular faculty holding doctorates or terminal degrees in their field. UM has a student-faculty ratio of 12:1. The University of Miami is accredited

are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The campus has a total of 46 residence halls, the newest of which opened in 2018. The residence halls are organized into 8 quads throughout campus: Within its existing residential life programs, Miami offers students the option of choosing from 35 theme-based living learning communities (LLCs). All first-year residential halls on campus participate in the LLC program to create bonds among students based on their field of study and shared interests. In an LLC, students are co-enrolled into one or more classes, which further support student's transition into the university's

Lake Osceola located at the center of campus. It contains a large fountain, which serves as a landmark to many university students. The Coral Gables campus houses 4,500 enrolled students. This group is disproportionately freshmen (90 percent of new freshmen live on campus compared with 39 percent of all degree undergraduates). UM's on-campus housing consists of five residential colleges and one apartment-style housing area available only to undergraduate degree-seeking students. The residential colleges are divided into two dormitory-style residence halls and three suite-style residence halls. The McDonald and Pentland Towers of Hecht Residential College and the Walsh and Rosborough Towers

constitutional law expert John Hart Ely, head of the Administrative Conference of the United States, legal expert Paul R. Verkuil, bassist Jaco Pastorius, guitarist Pat Metheny, artist Walter Darby Bannard, and philosopher Colin McGinn. University of Miami The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, U of M, or The U) is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. , the university enrolls 17,331 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami's Health District, a law school on the main campus, and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and

18 varsity sports for men and women. They compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in all varsity sports except ice hockey, which competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. Miami's athletic teams were called The Miami Boys, The Big Reds, The Reds, or The Red and Whites until 1928 when Miami Publicity Director R.J. McGinnis is credited with coining the term Redskins. The athletic teams were known as the Redskins up through 1997 when the Oklahoma-based Miami tribe withdrew its support for the nickname; the board of trustees voted to change the nickname to the RedHawks. Miami is nicknamed the

offers 10 accredited majors at the Oxford campus, and moved into a new $22 million engineering building in 2007. The school also offers four master's degrees in Computer Science, Chemical Engineering, Computational Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. The School of Education, Health & Society (formerly Education and Allied Professions) offers 26 undergraduate degrees spanning from areas of teacher education, kinesiology, and health to educational psychology, family studies, and social work. As of fall 2009, nearly 3,500 full-time and part-time undergraduates were enrolled in the school. Miami's School of Creative Arts (formerly Fine Arts) has four departments: architecture and

beautiful campus. Newsweek rated Miami No. 19, in its 2012 list of Most Beautiful Schools and poet Robert Frost described it as ""The most beautiful campus that ever there was."" Miami is a large, primarily residential teaching university with a focus on undergraduate studies. The university offers more than 100 majors, 48 minors, and 11 co-majors. Miami University has seven academic divisions: The College of Arts and Science (or CAS) is the oldest and largest college at Miami, with over 75% of the undergraduate student body enrollment. The CAS offers more than 60 majors covering a broad range of areas

Beta Theta Pi (1839), Phi Delta Theta (1848), Sigma Chi (1855), and Phi Kappa Tau (1906). However, Alpha Delta Phi (1832) was the first fraternity on campus. Delta Zeta, founded in 1902, is the only sorority alpha chapter on campus. The Miami Triad refers to the first three fraternities founded at Miami: Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, and Sigma Chi. The Triad is sometimes celebrated with parties at other universities such as the University of Kansas. As of Fall 2017, there are 2,556 sorority members and 1,544 fraternity members. Miami University's office of Greek affairs was endowed with a

"Lupus Foundation of America"
Lupus Foundation of America The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy. The Lupus Foundation of America is

"Alliance for Lupus Research"
Alliance for Lupus Research The Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR) is an American voluntary health organization based in New York City whose mission is to find better treatments and ultimately prevent and cure systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus), a debilitating autoimmune disease, through supporting medical research. It was co-founded by philanthropist Woody Johnson, who is also the organization's chairman. As of 2013 the ALR's cumulative research commitment was $81,000,000. The Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR) was founded in 1999 and is chaired by Woody Johnson, a member of the founding family of Johnson & Johnson and owner of the

a charitable organization with tax-exempt status granted under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Foundation is a BBB Accredited Charity and highly rated by Charity Navigator. The Lupus Foundation of America’s National Research Program is focused on identifying the causes of lupus, accelerating development of new treatments and finding cures. It employs a three-pronged approach to advancing the science and medicine of lupus - lead efforts to improve lives today and find cures, fund direct grants to researchers in medical institutions across the U.S. to advance the lupus research field, and advocate for new money and expanded resources

"American Bison Society"
American Bison Society The American Bison Society (ABS) was founded in 1905 by pioneering conservationists and sportsmen including William T. Hornaday and Theodore Roosevelt to help save the bison from extinction and raise public awareness about the species. Over 40 million American bison (""Bison bison"") once roamed the plains and grasslands from Mexico to central Canada, shaping the landscape with their migrations, grazing patterns, and behavior. By the 1870s, their populations had been decimated by westward expansion and over-hunting. An 1889 survey published by Hornaday, who would go on to become the first director of the Bronx Zoo, showed that

"The Jimmy Fund"
The Jimmy Fund The Jimmy Fund is a charity which raises money solely to support adult and pediatric cancer care and research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts. The Fund was launched in 1948 with the help of the Variety Club of New England (now the Variety Children's Charity of New England). The club organized a radio broadcast from the bedside of a young cancer patient, Einar Gustafson, dubbed ""Jimmy"" to protect his privacy as he was visited by members of the Boston Braves baseball team. Contributions poured in to buy Jimmy a television set so he could watch

"Heifer International"
need a cup, they need a cow."" When back home in Indiana, West took the idea to his neighbors and church. This led to the formation of the Heifers for Relief Committee in 1939. In 1942, West was approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to pursue the idea as a national project. The charity was incorporated in 1944 and sent its first shipment of 17 heifers to Puerto Rico. Several local farmers who knew West donated the animals. The first cows were named, ""Faith,"" ""Hope,"" and ""Charity,"" and recipient families had to promise that they would donate the first

nearly 9 million people through their website annually. The Lupus Foundation of America and its network of lupus activists across the country have worked diligently to stimulate more than $66 million in federal and state funds for lupus research and education programs. The organization works daily with the United States Congress, federal government agencies and state legislatures to make biomedical research and innovation for lupus a priority. The Foundation’s activists successfully stimulated more than $90 million in new funding for lupus research and education programs since 2004. The Foundation stimulated $28 in federal lupus research and education for every $1

"Elton John AIDS Foundation"
Elton John AIDS Foundation The Elton John AIDS Foundation (EJAF) is a nonprofit organization, established by rock musician Sir Elton John in 1992 in the United States and 1993 in the United Kingdom to support innovative HIV prevention, education programs, direct care and support services to people living with HIV. It has raised over $400 million to support HIV related programs in fifty-five countries. The organization supports its work through proceeds from special events, cause-related marketing projects, and voluntary contributions from individuals, corporations and foundations. The foundation's U.S. and U.K. branches work separately. Each focuses on different regions of the

"Coulston Foundation"
Coulston Foundation The Coulston Foundation (TCF) was a research facility established by the toxicologist Fred Coulston in 1993 at Alamogordo, New Mexico. At one point, the foundation may have had 650 chimpanzees and conducted research on AIDS and Hepatitis C and other diseases. Antivivisection groups investigated the facility over a number of years uncovering numerous cases of animal abuse and violations of the Animal Welfare Act. By 2001, the lab had lost its government contracts because of concerns over the welfare of the animals. In December of that year, the foundation was unable to pay its bills and the local

invested in advocacy. The Foundation’s signature fundraising program, ""Walk to End Lupus Now""™, has events in more than 60 communities and 70,000 participants, generating visibility, public understanding and support for people with lupus. Money raised is used to support lupus research, education and advocacy programs that serve to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus. The Foundation’s multi-media campaign, KNOW LUPUS, continues to educate people about lupus and its impact, has resulted in more than $31 million in donated media and 839 million impressions. Lupus Foundation of America The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in

"Easter Bunny"
both bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's ""De ovis paschalibus"" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that the hare was a hermaphrodite. The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated

in ""Cricket"" magazine. Both Breathnach and Dickmann present their respective 'transformed bird' stories as if they were legend, though no earlier version of either has been attested. Easter Bunny The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the ""Easter Hare"" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored

Easter Bunny The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the ""Easter Hare"" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored eggs in his basket, candy, and sometimes also toys to the homes of children, and as such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind, as they

long-dead time of winter. The Ukrainian art of decorating eggs for Easter, known as ""pysanky"", dates to ancient, pre-Christian times. Similar variants of this form of artwork are seen amongst other eastern and central European cultures. The idea of an egg-giving hare went to the U.S. in the 18th century. Protestant German immigrants in the Pennsylvania Dutch area told their children about the ""Osterhase"" (sometimes spelled ""Oschter Haws""). ""Hase"" means ""hare"", not rabbit, and in Northwest European folklore the ""Easter Bunny"" indeed is a hare. According to the legend, only good children received gifts of colored eggs in the nests

""Shadow of the Hare"" (1993). The Oxford ""Dictionary of English Folklore"" however states ""... there is no shred of evidence"" that hares were sacred to Ēostre, noting that Bede does not associate her with any animal. Sarah Ben Breathnach in ""Mrs Sharp's Traditions"" (1990) provides an origin story for the Easter Bunny: ""According to legend, Eostre's favorite animal was a large handsome bird, which in a fit of anger she turned into a hare."" Another version of this story, in which Ēostre transforms the bird into a hare in an act of mercy, was written by Jean-Andrew Dickmann and appeared

that they made in their caps and bonnets before Easter. In his 1835 ""Deutsche Mythologie"", Jacob Grimm states ""The Easter Hare is unintelligible to me, but probably the hare was the sacred animal of Ostara"". This proposed association was repeated by other authors including Charles Isaac Elton and Charles J Billson. In 1961 Christina Hole wrote, ""The hare was the sacred beast of Eastre (or Eostre), a Saxon goddess of Spring and of the dawn."" The belief that Ēostre had a hare companion who became the Easter Bunny was popularized when it was presented as fact in the BBC documentary

Rabbit
popular cartoon character. A rabbit's foot may be carried as an amulet, believed to bring protection and good luck. This belief is found in many parts of the world, with the earliest use being recorded in Europe c. 600 BC. On the Isle of Portland in Dorset, UK, the rabbit is said to be unlucky and even speaking the creature's name can cause upset among older island residents. This is thought to date back to early times in the local quarrying industry where (to save space) extracted stones that were not fit for sale were set side in what became

manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child. It may also have been associated with the Holy Trinity, as in the three hares motif. Eggs, like rabbits and hares, are fertility symbols of antiquity. Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring, these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox. Rabbits and hares are both prolific breeders. Female hares can conceive a second litter of offspring while still pregnant with the first. This phenomenon is known as superfetation. Lagomorphs mature sexually at

"Bunny Man"
Bunny Man The Bunny Man is an urban legend that originated from two incidents in Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1970, but has been spread throughout the Washington, D.C., area. The legend has many variations; most involve a man wearing a rabbit costume who attacks people with an axe or hatchet. Most of the stories occur around Colchester Overpass, a Southern Railway overpass spanning Colchester Road near Clifton, Virginia, sometimes referred to as ""Bunny Man Bridge"". Versions of the legend vary in the Bunny Man's name, motives, weapons, victims, description of the bunny costume or lack thereof, and sometimes even his

"Sun Wukong"
initially developed as a Taoist immortal/Deity before being incorporated into Buddhist legends. He is also considered by some scholars to be influenced by elements of both Chinese folk tales and the Hindu deity Hanuman from the ""Ramayana"". According to the legend, Sun Wukong is born from a magic stone that sits atop the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit. The stone develops a magic womb, which bursts open one day to produce a stone egg about the size of a ball. When wind blows on the egg, it turns into a stone monkey that can already crawl and walk. He bows

"The Waltons"
The Waltons The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner Jr., based on his book ""Spencer's Mountain"" and a 1963 film of the same name, about a family in rural Virginia during the Great Depression and World War II. The television movie The Homecoming: A Christmas Story was broadcast on December 19, 1971. Based on its success, the CBS television network ordered one season of episodes based on the same characters and that became the television series ""The Waltons"". Beginning in September 1972, the series subsequently aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled

by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS. ""The Waltons"" was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication. The main story is set in Walton's Mountain, a fictional mountain-area community in fictitious Jefferson County, Virginia. The real place upon which the stories are based is the community of Schuyler in Nelson County, Virginia. The time period is from 1933 to 1946, during the Great Depression and World War II, during the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman.

series. Hamner provided the voice-over of the older John-Boy, usually heard at the beginning and end of each episode. John-Boy Walton's fictional ""alma mater"", Boatwright University, is patterned after Richmond College, which became part of the University of Richmond on Boatwright Drive near Westham Station in The West End of Richmond, Virginia, about seventy miles east of Schuyler. The town of Walton's Mountain was built in the rear area of the main lot at Warner Bros. Studios, bordering the Los Angeles River, but the mountain itself was part of the Hollywood Hills range opposite Warner studios in Burbank, California (the

which Warner owned. Warner Bros. acquired Lorimar in 1989, and has continued to syndicate the series ever since. Reruns currently air in the U.S. on INSP, the Hallmark Channel. In Canada, ""The Waltons"" airs on Vision TV and BookTelevision. In the UK, the series was broadcast on BBC 1 and BBC 2 during the 1970s/1980s - the first three seasons were broadcast on BBC 2 from February 18, 1974 to May 17, 1976, on Mondays at 20.00 GMT, and seasons 4 and 5 were shown on BBC 1 from September 5, 1976 to August 30, 1977, on Sundays at 16.10

The year 1933 is suggested by a reference to the opening of the Century of Progress exposition in Chicago, a brief shot of an automobile registration, and it is divulged in episode 18 that the date is in the spring of 1933. The last episode of season one, ""An Easter Story"", is set in February–April 1934. The year 1934 takes two seasons to cover, while some successive years are covered over the course of a few months. The series finale, ""The Revel"", revolves around a party and the invitation date is given as June 4, 1946. A span of 13

in 1976 and Tuesdays at 19.00 through 1977. After that, seasons 6-9 would be broadcast on BBC 2 again, starting on April 30, 1979 and concluding in April 1983. The three reunion TV movies filmed in 1982 were also shown on BBC 2 from December 21 to December 28, 1983. The show was repeated on Channel 4 in the 1990s. It currently airs on True Entertainment in the UK. The Waltons The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner Jr., based on his book ""Spencer's Mountain"" and a 1963 film of the same name, about a family

"Joe Conley"
her. Conley died on July 7, 2013, at a care facility in Newbury Park, California of complications from dementia. He was 85 and is survived by his wife, three daughters and son. Joe Conley Joe Conley (March 3, 1928 – July 7, 2013) was an American actor who played many small roles on television and is most remembered for his role as the storekeeper Ike Godsey in ""The Waltons"". Joe Conley was born in Buffalo, New York. He started acting after returning from military service in Korea, and was running three real-estate agencies in the San Fernando Valley area of

Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie (Neal), Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Adaptation (Earl Hamner), and Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program (Fielder Cook). The following is a brief summary of the main characters. See main article for a more complete list. Earl Hamner's rural childhood growing up in the unincorporated community of Schuyler, Virginia, provided the basis for the setting and many of the storylines of ""The Waltons"". His family and the community provided many life experiences which aided in the characters, values, area, and human-interest stories of his books, movies, and television

"Earl Hamner Jr."
Earl Hamner Jr. Earl Henry Hamner Jr. (July 10, 1923 – March 24, 2016) was an American television writer and producer (sometimes credited as Earl Hamner), best known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s on the long-running series ""The Waltons"" and ""Falcon Crest"". As a novelist, he was best known for ""Spencer's Mountain"", inspired by his own childhood and formed the basis for both the film of the same name and the television series ""The Waltons"", for which he provided voice-over narration. Hamner was born July 10, 1923 in Schuyler, Virginia to Doris Marion (née Giannini) and Earl

"Michael Learned"
Michael Learned Michael Learned (born April 9, 1939) is an American actress, known for her role as Olivia Walton in the long-running CBS drama series ""The Waltons"" (1972–1981). She has won a record four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series; three for ""The Waltons"" (1973, 1974, 1976), and one for ""Nurse"" (1982). Learned was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter and oldest child of Elizabeth Duane ""Betti"" (née Hooper) and Bruce Learned, a diplomat. Her maternal grandfather was an attaché for the United States Embassy in Rome. She lived on a Connecticut farm with her

"Boys of Blur"
Boys of Blur Boys of Blur is a 2014 young adult novel by N. D. Wilson, a modern Christian author, published by Random House It is set in the Florida Everglades, where boys play football and chase rabbits through burning sugarcane fields. According to Booklist, ""Wilson brings the stuff of folklore to life in this novel, as elements of Beowulf, voodoo, and zombie mythos combine with the everyday to fantastic effect. The story moves at heart-pounding speeds, furthered by magic and mystery and rooted in ideas of familial bonds and self-discovery."" Charlie Reynolds, a twelve-year-old, moves to Taper, Florida. Taper's

"Missouri Boy"
shakes hands with Myrick's father. Chapter five is set in 1973 and is titled ""Underwear Pond"". Myrick and some friends go skinny-dipping in a pond. They throw their underwear into the sky, and let it sink to the bottom of the pond. Myrick imagines the pond being drained years in the future, and underwear being found. Chapter six takes place in 1976 and is titled ""The Resurrection"". Myrick's brother and friends bury him in a pile of leaves. Myrick initially believes it to be a game, but when he emerges, they are urinating on him. Myrick vows to ""never go

father. The next day, Bruno, who is due to leave that afternoon, dons a striped prisoners' outfit and a cap to cover his unshaven head, and digs under the fence to join Shmuel in the search. Bruno soon discovers the true nature of the camp after seeing the many sick and weak-looking Jews, much to his shock. While searching, the boys are taken on a march with other inmates by Sonderkommandos. At the house, Gretel and Elsa discover Bruno's disappearance. After they discover the open window he went through, Elsa bursts into Ralf's meeting to alert him that Bruno is

of Adolf Hitler. Bruno is confused as the Jews he has seen, in particular the family's Jewish servant Pavel, do not resemble the caricatures in Liszt's teachings. One day, Bruno disobeys his parents and sneaks off into the woods, eventually arriving at an electric barbed wire fence surrounding a camp. He befriends a boy his own age named Shmuel. The pair's lack of knowledge on the true nature of the camp is revealed: Bruno thinks that the striped uniforms that Shmuel, Pavel, and the other prisoners wear are pyjamas and Shmuel believes his grandparents died from an illness during their

"Boyhood (film)"
Golden Globe Awards, winning Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actress for Arquette; five BAFTA awards, winning for Best Director and Best Film; and six Academy Awards, winning Best Supporting Actress for Arquette. In 2002, six-year-old Mason Evans Jr. and his older sister Samantha live with their divorced mother, Olivia, in a small town in Texas. Mason overhears Olivia arguing with her boyfriend, saying she has no free time due to parenting. The next year, Olivia moves the family to Houston so she can attend the University of Houston and get a better job. In 2004,

"Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'"
Gimme Gimme Good Lovin' ""Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'"" is a song written by Joey Levine and Ritchie Cordell and performed by Crazy Elephant. It reached #12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart in 1969. The song was featured on their 1969 album, ""Crazy Elephant"". The single was first released in January 1969 with ""Hips and Lips"" as the B-side, but it did not become a hit until re-released in March 1969. The song was produced by Joey Levine and Artie Resnick and arranged by Levine. The single ranked #89 on the ""Billboard"" Year-End Hot 100

"Gimme Some Lovin'"
Gimme Some Lovin' ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is a song written by Steve Winwood, Spencer Davis and Muff Winwood, although solely credited to Winwood on the UK single label, and performed by the Spencer Davis Group. As recalled by bassist Muff Winwood, the song was conceived, arranged, and rehearsed in just half an hour. At the time, the group was under pressure to come up with another hit, following the relatively poor showing of their previous single, ""When I Come Home"", written by Jamaican-born musician Jackie Edwards, who had also penned their earlier number one hits, ""Keep On Running"" and ""Somebody

singles of 1969. Gimme Gimme Good Lovin' ""Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'"" is a song written by Joey Levine and Ritchie Cordell and performed by Crazy Elephant. It reached #12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart in 1969. The song was featured on their 1969 album, ""Crazy Elephant"". The single was first released in January 1969 with ""Hips and Lips"" as the B-side, but it did not become a hit until re-released in March 1969. The song was produced by Joey Levine and Artie Resnick and arranged by Levine. The single ranked #89 on the ""Billboard""

"Days of Thunder (soundtrack)"
The song ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is credited to Terry Reid, but the version in the movie is actually from The Spencer Davis Group. ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" also featured on Reid's 1991 solo album, ""The Driver"", along with an alternate version of ""The Last Note of Freedom"" with different lyrics, titled ""The Driver (Part 2)"". The film score to ""Days of Thunder"" was composed by Hans Zimmer and featured Jeff Beck on guitar. While bootlegs were available for years, an official album containing the score was not released until 2013, when La-La Land Records released the film's score, with bonus tracks,

the Hammond B-3 organ. In 1980, The Blues Brothers covered ""Gimme Some Lovin'."" Their version reached number 18 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 16 on ""Cash Box"". On WLS-AM in Chicago, the song peaked at number three. The Spencer Davis Group version appears in a 2018 TV commercial for Walmart. The song is used over a touch football game in the film The Big Chill. Gimme Some Lovin' ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is a song written by Steve Winwood, Spencer Davis and Muff Winwood, although solely credited to Winwood on the UK single label, and performed by the

"Good Lovin'"
Good Lovin' ""Good Lovin'"" is a song written by Rudy Clark and Arthur Resnick that was a number one hit single for the Young Rascals in 1966. The song was first recorded by Lemme B. Good (actually Canton, Ohio, R&B singer Limmie Snell) in March 1965 and written by Rudy Clark. The following month it was recorded with different lyrics by R&B artists The Olympics, produced by Jerry Ragavoy; this version reached number 81 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart. The tale has been told that Rascal Felix Cavaliere heard The Olympics' recording on a New York City radio station

competition show ""The Voice"", Team Alicia (Keys) member Britton Buchanan performed the song as his cover performance during the finale. His performance charted in the top ten on iTunes and contributed to his second-place finish behind Team Kelly (Clarkson) finalist Brynn Cartelli. Good Lovin' ""Good Lovin'"" is a song written by Rudy Clark and Arthur Resnick that was a number one hit single for the Young Rascals in 1966. The song was first recorded by Lemme B. Good (actually Canton, Ohio, R&B singer Limmie Snell) in March 1965 and written by Rudy Clark. The following month it was recorded with

"Livin' the Dream (song)"
at the end of the day, it’s that tough stuff that makes the good stuff good."" The song's arrangement relies mainly on nylon-string guitar playing ""a mix of major chords and seventh chords that creates a descending melodic pattern pocked with dissonance and release."" Taste of Country reviewed the song favorably, praising the soulfulness of White's delivery, comparing his vocals favorably to James Otto. Livin' the Dream (song) ""Livin' the Dream"" is a song written by Tom Douglas, Jaren Johnston and Luke Laird and recorded by American country music artist Drake White. It was released to radio on December 7,

"Good Lovin' (Slim song)"
Ride"" (2009). The cover features American rapper 50 Cent and the song was re-titled ""Slow Down"". Good Lovin' (Slim song) ""Good Lovin'"" is a song by American R&B recording artist Slim, released as the second single from his debut album, ""Love's Crazy"". The song features vocals from American rapper Fabolous and American singer Ryan Leslie, the latter of which also handled the song's production. The music video, filmed in New York City, was directed by Vashtie Kola. On November 19, 2008 a behind-the-scenes video was released where Slim described the video as ""a 1930s, 1940s style"". The video was released

"Don Gardner"
Don Gardner Donald Gardner (May 9, 1931 – September 4, 2018) was an American rhythm and blues singer, songwriter, and drummer. His records included the 1962 pop hit ""I Need Your Lovin'"", with Dee Dee Ford. Born in Philadelphia, Gardner started out as a professional musician in 1947 while still at school. He first recorded as a singer on the Gotham label in 1949. By 1953, he formed his own group, the Sonotones, in which he played drums and sang. The group toured on the ""chitlin' circuit"", and Gardner also recorded under his own name, for De Luxe Records and

"Place de la Concorde"
25 October 1836, King Louis Philippe had it placed in the center of Place de la Concorde. The obelisk, a yellow granite column, rises high, including the base, and weighs over . Given the technical limitations of the day, transporting it was no easy feat — on the pedestal are drawn diagrams explaining the machinery that was used for the transportation. The obelisk is flanked on both sides by fountains constructed at the time of its erection on the Place. Missing its original cap, believed stolen in the 6th century BC, the government of France added a gold-leafed pyramid cap

"Pont de la Concorde (Paris)"
Perronet was commissioned in 1787 with this new bridge. It had been planned since 1755, when construction of ""place Louis XV"" (now ""place de la Concorde"") began, to replace the ferry that crossed the river at that point. Construction continued in the midst of the turmoil of the French Revolution, using the dimension stones taken from the demolished Bastille (taken by force on 14 July 1789) for its masonry. It was completed in 1791. In 1810, Napoléon I placed along the sides of the bridge the statues of eight French generals killed in battle during the campaigns of the First

in, the committee resumed work on the pedestal. On June 17, 1885, the French steamer ""Isère"", arrived in New York with the crates holding the disassembled statue on board. New Yorkers displayed their new-found enthusiasm for the statue. Two hundred thousand people lined the docks and hundreds of boats put to sea to welcome the ship. After five months of daily calls to donate to the statue fund, on August 11, 1885, the ""World"" announced that $102,000 had been raised from 120,000 donors, and that 80 percent of the total had been received in sums of less than one dollar.

decorated with hieroglyphics exalting the reign of the pharaoh Ramesses II. It is one of two the Egyptian government gave to the French in the 19th century. The other one stayed in Egypt, too difficult and heavy to move to France with the technology at that time. In the 1990s, President François Mitterrand gave the second obelisk back to the Egyptians. The obelisk once marked the entrance to the Luxor Temple. The self-declared Khedive of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, offered the 3,300-year-old Luxor Obelisk to France in 1829. It arrived in Paris on 21 December 1833. Three years later, on

"Arc de Triomphe"
located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues. It was commissioned in 1806 after the victory at Austerlitz by Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes. Laying the foundations alone took two years and, in 1810, when Napoleon entered Paris from the west with his bride Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria, he had a wooden mock-up of the completed arch constructed. The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot. During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted and it would not be

then struck with wooden hammers. An advantage of this choice was that the entire statue would be light for its volume, as the copper need be only thick. Bartholdi had decided on a height of just over for the statue, double that of Italy's Sancarlone and the German statue of Arminius, both made with the same method. By 1875, France was enjoying improved political stability and a recovering postwar economy. Growing interest in the upcoming Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia led Laboulaye to decide it was time to seek public support. In September 1875, he announced the project and the formation

Suez Canal. The completed statue was formally presented to Ambassador Morton at a ceremony in Paris on July 4, 1884, and de Lesseps announced that the French government had agreed to pay for its transport to New York. The statue remained intact in Paris pending sufficient progress on the pedestal; by January 1885, this had occurred and the statue was disassembled and crated for its ocean voyage. The committees in the United States faced great difficulties in obtaining funds for the construction of the pedestal. The Panic of 1873 had led to an economic depression that persisted through much of

took office the following day, selected the Bedloe's Island site that Bartholdi had proposed. On his return to Paris in 1877, Bartholdi concentrated on completing the head, which was exhibited at the 1878 Paris World's Fair. Fundraising continued, with models of the statue put on sale. Tickets to view the construction activity at the Gaget, Gauthier & Co. workshop were also offered. The French government authorized a lottery; among the prizes were valuable silver plate and a terracotta model of the statue. By the end of 1879, about 250,000 francs had been raised. The head and arm had been built

Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand

Even with the success of the fund drive, the pedestal was not completed until April 1886. Immediately thereafter, reassembly of the statue began. Eiffel's iron framework was anchored to steel I-beams within the concrete pedestal and assembled. Once this was done, the sections of skin were carefully attached. Due to the width of the pedestal, it was not possible to erect scaffolding, and workers dangled from ropes while installing the skin sections. Nevertheless, no one died during the construction. Bartholdi had planned to put floodlights on the torch's balcony to illuminate it; a week before the dedication, the Army Corps

"Lake Ronkonkoma (lake)"
Lake Ronkonkoma (lake) Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island's largest freshwater lake, is in Suffolk County, New York, United States, and has a circumference of about , and is across on average. A kettle lake formed by retreating glaciers, it is owned by the Town of Islip under the terms of the Nichols Patent. The land around it is controlled by three town governments - Smithtown, Islip and Brookhaven. The separation originated because three different Native American communities claimed lands on different shores, and these claims continued when the tribes gave separate deeds to the land under their control. The name Ronkonkoma

"Theodore Roosevelt Lake"
Theodore Roosevelt Lake Theodore Roosevelt Lake (usually called Roosevelt Lake, sometimes Lake Roosevelt) is a large reservoir formed by Theodore Roosevelt Dam on the Salt River in Arizona as part of the Salt River Project (SRP). Located roughly 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Phoenix in the Salt River Valley, Theodore Roosevelt is the largest lake or reservoir located entirely within the state of Arizona (Lake Mead and Lake Powell are larger but both are located partially within the neighboring states of Nevada and Utah respectively). Both the reservoir and the masonry dam that created it, Roosevelt Dam, were named

"Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake"
Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake (also called Lake Roosevelt) is the reservoir created in 1941 by the impoundment of the Columbia River by the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state. It is named for Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was President during the construction of the dam. Covering , it stretches about from the Canada–US border to Grand Coulee Dam, with over of shoreline; by surface area it is the largest lake and reservoir in Washington. It is the home of the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. The reservoir lies in parts of five counties in northeastern Washington;

"Great Bear Lake"
Great Bear Lake The Great Bear Lake (; Slavey: ""Sahtú""; ) is the largest lake entirely in Canada (Lake Superior and Lake Huron straddling the Canada–US border are larger), the fourth-largest in North America, and the eighth-largest in the world. The lake is in the Northwest Territories, on the Arctic Circle between 65 and 67 degrees of northern latitude and between 118 and 123 degrees western longitude, above sea level. The name originated from the Dënesųłiné word ""satudene"", meaning ""grizzly bear water people."" The Sahtu Dene people are named after the lake. Grizzly Bear Mountain on the shore of the

been set in 1964. By April 2015 the water level had recovered to 7 inches (17.5 cm) more than the ""long term monthly average"". The Great Lakes contain 21% of the world's surface fresh water: , or 6.0×10 U.S. gallons, that is 6 quadrillion U.S gallons, (2.3×10 liters). This is enough water to cover the 48 contiguous U.S. states to a uniform depth of . Although the lakes contain a large percentage of the world's fresh water, the Great Lakes supply only a small portion of U.S. drinking water on a national basis. The total surface area of the lakes

"Lake Sakakawea"
Lake Sakakawea Lake Sakakawea is a large reservoir in the north central United States, impounded by Garrison Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam located in the Missouri River basin in central North Dakota. Named for the Shoshone-Hidatsa woman Sakakawea, it is the largest man-made lake in the State of North Dakota, the second largest in the United States by area after Lake Oahe, and the third largest in the United States by volume, after Lake Mead and Lake Powell. The lake is located about from the state capital of Bismarck; the distance by the Missouri River is about

"Lake Mead"
Lake Mead Lake Mead is a lake on the Colorado River, about from the Las Vegas Strip, southeast of the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, in the states of Nevada and Arizona. It is the largest reservoir in the United States in terms of water capacity. Formed by the Hoover Dam, the reservoir serves water to the states of Arizona, California, and Nevada, as well as some of Mexico providing sustenance to nearly 20 million people and large areas of farmland. At maximum capacity, Lake Mead is long, at its greatest depth, has a surface elevation of above sea level

"American football"
then drops and kicks it before it hits the ground. Gunners line up split outside the line and race down the field, aiming to tackle the punt returner (PR) – the player that catches the punt. Upbacks line up a short distance behind the line of scrimmage, providing additional protection to the punter. In American football, the winner is the team that has scored the most points at the end of the game. There are multiple ways to score in a football game. The touchdown (TD), worth six points, is the most valuable scoring play in American football. A touchdown

is scored when a live ball is advanced into, caught in, or recovered in the end zone of the opposing team. The scoring team then attempts a try or conversion, more commonly known as the point(s)-after-touchdown (PAT), which is a single scoring opportunity. A PAT is most commonly attempted from the two- or three-yard line, depending on the level of play. If scored by a placekick or dropkick through the goal posts, it is worth one point, and is typically called the extra point. Conversely, a team may elect to run a single play from scrimmage and attempt, once again,

those three downs would result in control of the ball being forfeited to the other team. This change effectively made American football a separate sport from rugby, and the resulting five-yard lines added to the field to measure distances made it resemble a gridiron in appearance. Other major rule changes included a reduction of the field size to , and the adoption of a scoring system that awarded four points for a touchdown, two for a safety and a goal following a touchdown, and five for a goal from field; additionally, tackling below the waist was legalized. The last, and

developed from rugby, and the two sports are considered to be the chief variants of gridiron football. Although the two games share a similar set of rules, there are several key rule differences: for example, in Canadian football the field measures , including two 20-yard end zones (for a distance between goal lines of 110 yards), teams have three downs instead of four, there are twelve players on each side instead of eleven, fair catches are not allowed, and a rouge, worth a single point is scored if the offensive team kicks the ball out of the defense's end zone.

on a failed extra point or two-point conversion attempt, although under a rare set of circumstances it is possible to score a safety, worth one point, if the defense takes the ball back into its own end zone and is downed there. In general, the extra point is almost always successful in professional play and is only slightly less successful at amateur levels, while the two-point conversion is a much riskier play with a higher probability of failure; accordingly, extra point attempts are far more common than two-point conversion attempts. A field goal (FG), worth three points, is scored when

American football American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves. The offense must advance at least ten yards in four

football. The first was the Bowl Coalition, in place from 1992 to 1994. This was replaced in 1995 by the Bowl Alliance, which gave way in 1997 to the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). The BCS arrangement proved to be controversial, and was replaced in 2014 by the College Football Playoff (CFP). A football game is played between two teams of 11 players each. Playing with more on the field is punishable by a penalty. Teams may substitute any number of their players between downs; this ""platoon"" system replaced the original system, which featured limited substitution rules, and has resulted in

of the two-yard line in professional play and at the three-yard line in college play. Numerals that display the distance from the closest goal line in yards are placed on both sides of the field every ten yards. Goalposts are located at the center of the plane of each of the two end lines. The crossbar of these posts is above the ground, with vertical uprights at the end of the crossbar apart for professional and collegiate play and apart for high school play. The uprights extend vertically 35 feet on professional fields, a minimum of 10 yards on college

downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins. American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football (known in the U.S. as soccer) and rugby football. The first match

adjusted: field goals were lowered to three points in 1909 and touchdowns were raised to six points in 1912. The field was also reduced to long, but two 10-yard-long end zones were created, and teams were given four downs instead of three to advance the ball . The roughing the passer penalty was implemented in 1914, and eligible players were first allowed to catch the ball anywhere on the field in 1918. On November 12, 1892, William ""Pudge"" Heffelfinger was paid $500 to play a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association in a match against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. This

"Jurassic Park (film)"
June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run becoming the highest-grossing film of 1993 and the highest-grossing film ever at the time, a record held until the release of ""Titanic"" in 1997. It was well received by critics, who praised its special effects, John Williams' musical score, and Spielberg's direction. Following its 3D re-release in 2013 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, ""Jurassic Park"" became the seventeenth film in history to surpass $1 billion in

Jurassic Park (film) Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. The first installment in the ""Jurassic Park"" franchise, it is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off Central America's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica. There billionaire philanthropist John Hammond and a small team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage

""The Lost World"" was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film had mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Much like the first film, ""The Lost World"" made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals

Jurassic Park Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation, which led to four sequels, although only the first two films were based on the novels. Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film. Since 1996, several water

ticket sales. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. ""Jurassic Park"" is considered a landmark in the development of computer-generated imagery and animatronic visual effects and was followed by four commercially successful sequels, """" (1997), ""Jurassic Park III"" (2001), ""Jurassic World"" (2015) and """" (2018), with a fifth and final sequel, currently titled ""Jurassic World 3"", scheduled for a 2021 release. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or

rides based on the series have been opened at various Universal theme parks. The ""Jurassic Park"" Ultimate Trilogy was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 25, 2011, in North America. The first film was re-released in 3D on April 5, 2013. The fourth film, ""Jurassic World"", was initially scheduled to be released in the summer of 2005, but was delayed numerous times and was ultimately released in June 2015. It became the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the

aesthetically significant."" Jurassic Park Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation, which led to four sequels, although only the first two films were based on the novels. Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film. Since 1996,

production of ""Transformers"" in 2007. The film was marketed with the tagline ""An Adventure 65 Million Years In The Making"". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick. The film premiered at the Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.) on June 9, 1993, in support of two children's charities. Two days later it opened nationwide in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens internationally. Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called ""The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park"" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props. ""Jurassic Park""

"Jurassic World"
Connolly. Filming lasted from April to August 2014 in Louisiana and at the original ""Jurassic Park"" locations in Hawaii. The dinosaurs were created by Industrial Light & Magic using CGI and by Legacy Effects using life-sized animatronics. Production was completed on May 10, 2015, and ""Jurassic World"" was released in over 60 countries beginning on June 10, 2015. After a record-breaking opening weekend during which it became the first film to gross over $500 million, ""Jurassic World"" generated $1.6 billion in box office revenue, ranking fifth among the highest-grossing films of all time. It was also the second-highest-grossing film of

becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000, with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai. It is the first ""Jurassic Park"" film not to be based on a novel. The film was a financial success but received mixed reviews from critics. When their son goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) hire Alan Grant (Sam Neill) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the

"Child benefits in the United Kingdom"
Child benefits in the United Kingdom Child benefits in the United Kingdom are a series of welfare payments and tax credits made to parents with children in the UK, a major part of the welfare state. The first modern child tax credit was introduced in the 1909 'People's Budget' of Lloyd-George. This introduced a £10 income tax allowance per child, for tax payers earning under £500 per annum. Following extensive Parliamentary debate, the Budget became law as the Finance Act (1909–1910) 1910 on 29 April 1910. Since the income tax rate was then 1 shilling, two pence in the pound

"Child benefit"
and from October 1956, by the Family Allowances Act and National Insurance Act 1956, to 8""s"" for the second child with 10""s"" (= £0.50) for the third and subsequent children. By 1955, some 5,000,000 allowances were being paid, to about 3,250,000 families. It was modified in 1977, with the payments being termed ""child benefit"" and given for the eldest child as well as the younger ones; by 1979 it was worth £4 per child per week. In 1991, the system was further altered, with a higher payment now given for the first child than for their younger siblings. In October

"Children's Day"
permanent annual single Children's Day observation is not made at the national level. In 1856, Rev. Charles H. Leonard, D.D., then pastor of the First Universalist Church of Chelsea, Mass., set apart a Sunday for the dedication of children to the Christian life, and for the re-dedication of parents and guardians to bringing-up their children in Christian nurture. This service was first observed the second Sunday in June. The Universalist Convention at Baltimore in September 1867, passed a resolution commending churches to set apart one Sunday in each year as Children's Day. The Methodist Episcopal Church at the Methodist Conference

Conservative government of Edward Heath, following a child poverty campaign, effective from August 1971, and provided for a payment to families on low wages. Claimants were required to provide payslips, to prove they were in employment, for a minimum of 24 hours per week. Takeup of the benefit was initially poor, with less than half of those eligible claiming. Rates were raised largely in line with inflation to 1979, but several above-inflation increases followed under the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. By November 1984, rates had risen to a maximum £23/week for one child, and an additional maximum of £2/week

Finally, with the return of Labour to power, the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 set a minimum wage of £3.60 per hour, with lower rates for younger workers. It largely affected workers in high-turnover service industries such as fast-food restaurants, and people from ethnic minority backgrounds. The system was first implemented in August 1946 as ""family allowances"" under the Family Allowances Act 1945, at a rate of 5""s"" (= £0.25) per week per child in a family, except for the eldest. This was raised from September 1952, by the Family Allowances and National Insurance Act 1952, to 8""s"" (= £0.40),

"Child's Special Allowance"
Child's Special Allowance Child's Special Allowance was a payment under the United Kingdom system of Social Security. It was instituted by Harold Macmillan in 1959 for the orphaned children of divorced parents, It was a Contributory non-means tested benefit, paid in addition to Child benefit to a divorced woman whose husband had died, whose ex-partner had been paying maintenance and who had not got a new partner. It was not taxable, but was taken into account for meanstested benefits. It was abolished, as far as new claims were concerned, in April 1987. At that point it was paid at a

was very little corruption in the system. The minimum wage was introduced in Great Britain in 1909 for certain low-wage industries and expanded to numerous industries, including farm labour, by 1920. However, by the 1920s, family allowance targeted at low-income families was an alternative method, suggested by reformers, to relieve poverty without distorting the labour market. The trade unions and the Labour Party adopted this view. In 1945, family allowances were introduced; minimum wages faded from view. Talk resumed in the 1970s, but in the 1980s the Thatcher ministry made it clear it would not accept a national minimum wage.

"Children's Healthcare is a Legal Duty"
equal protection laws for children, and files lawsuits and amicus curiae briefs in related cases. CHILD was founded in 1983 by Rita and Douglas Swan after the death of their son, Matthew. When Matthew developed a high fever in 1977, several Christian Science practitioners, who claimed they were healing Matthew, persuaded the Swans not to seek medical treatment for him. After he had been ill for 12 days, the Swans did take Matthew to the hospital, but his illness had progressed too far and he died of meningitis. According to the National Association of Counsel for Children, which gave an

children was increased to ten shillings per week, and the maximum age for payments for dependent children was increased from 15 to 18. In 1968 the rates were increased from 8 to 15 and then 18 shillings and from 10 to 17 shillings and then £1 respectively, but this was paid for in part by a reduction in the value of child tax allowance, so that the poor would benefit, but the middle classes did not. In 1975, the rate was increased to £1.50 for each child after the first. Family Income Supplement was introduced in 1970 by the new

for each subsequent child, based on a maximum income threshold of £90/week, plus £10/week for each additional child. In addition, the numbers of families in receipt of the benefit, which showed no increase in the number of recipients over the 1970s (in 1972, there were 89,000 in receipt, and in 1980, 88,000), grew increased sevenfold over the course of the 1979–1997 Conservative governments. The Social Security Act 1986 provided for Family Income Supplement to be replaced with Family Credit, a similar scheme. The Child Benefit Bill was introduced in 1975 by Barbara Castle, based on the child credit element of

"Carnival Glory"
Carnival Glory Carnival Glory is a operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Fincantieri at their Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on July 19, 2003, and christened by American physicist and astronaut Dr Sally Ride. Some features of ""Carnival Glory"" include nightclubs, duty-free shops, four pools, seven whirlpools, and a water slide. Sixty percent of her staterooms have ocean views and sixty percent of those feature private balconies. ""Carnival Glory"" was first drydocked in November 2012, to update her to the Carnival ""Fun Ship 2.0"" standard. During that time, she received new bars, along

"Carnival Triumph"
Carnival Triumph Carnival Triumph is the second of the five member of cruise ships. As she and her three younger sisters are each a modified version of the lead ship in the class, she is sometimes referred to as the first of the ""Triumph""-class of cruise ships. Along with her sisters ""Carnival Sunshine"" and ""Carnival Victory"", she is operated by Carnival Cruise Line. ""Carnival Triumph"" is home ported in New Orleans as of April 2016, joining ""Carnival Dream"" and replacing ""Carnival Elation"". Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on October

23, 1999, and christened by Madeline Arison, wife of Micky Arison, the then CEO of Carnival Cruise Line. She came to media attention in 2013 when an engine room fire stranded her at sea for several days with a loss of power that crippled not only her propulsion, but also support systems. ""Carnival Triumph"" is long and has a beam of . Fully laden, she draws of water. The vessel's gross tonnage, which is a measure of volume and not of weight, is 101,509. ""Carnival Triumph"" is structurally identical to her sister ship, ""Carnival Victory"", and differs from her class's

with a Guy's Burger Joint, and updates to her entertainment venues. In February and March 2017, she received a new ""WaterWorks"" feature, along with renovations of additional areas aboard the ship. Currently, ""Carnival Glory""s home port is Miami. In November 2009, ""Carnival Glory"" was redeployed to Miami, replacing ""Carnival Triumph"". ""Carnival Glory"" was redeployed to Miami, to make room for one of Carnival's newest ships, ""Carnival Dream"" in Port Canaveral. Later in June 2010, ""Carnival Glory"" began conducting summer cruises out of New York City, replacing ""Carnival Triumph"" for Canadian-bound cruises. ""Carnival Glory"" also has cruised out of Norfolk, Virginia.

later her body was found from Roatán. On October 14, 2017, at 8:15, while passengers were disembarking in Miami, 8-year-old Zion Smith, from the Bahamas, fell from the 5th floor to the 3rd floor of the Old Glory Atrium. CPR was started immediately and paramedics took her to Ryder Trauma Center where she died. Carnival Glory Carnival Glory is a operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Fincantieri at their Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on July 19, 2003, and christened by American physicist and astronaut Dr Sally Ride. Some features of ""Carnival Glory""

"Carnival Miracle"
Carnival Miracle Carnival Miracle is a . Like the majority of her sisters, she is owned by Carnival Corporation & plc and operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Kværner Masa-Yards at its Helsinki New Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland, she was floated out on June 5, 2003, and christened by United States Army soldier Jessica Lynch in Jacksonville, Florida, on February 27, 2004. Soon after the conclusion of the christening ceremony, she departed on her maiden voyage, a three-day cruise to the Bahamas. Eighty percent of ""Carnival Miracle""s staterooms have ocean views, and eighty percent of those feature private balconies.

shipboard consumers from propulsion motors to hotel systems such as air conditioning and lighting. Her power plant consists of six diesel generating sets, four 16-cylinder Wärtsilä-Sulzer 16ZAV40S and two 12-cylinder 12ZAV40S medium-speed diesel engines. Her two 17.6-megawatt electric propulsion motors and controllable pitch propellers give the ship a maximum speed of and a service speed of about . For maneuvering at ports, ""Carnival Triumph"" has six transverse thrusters. She was completed and entered service in 1999. On July 31, 2018, Carnival Cruise Lines announced that ""Carnival Triumph"" will enter dry dock in Cadiz, Spain, on March 1, 2019, for a

"Carnival Freedom"
and Ocho Rios, Jamaica, while eight-day voyages departing Saturdays alternate to the Eastern and Western Caribbean. ""Carnival Freedom"" repositioned to Galveston, Texas in February, 2015. ""Carnival Freedom"" entered a three-week scheduled drydock in Freeport, Bahamas on March 30, 2014 for refurbishment. ""Carnival Freedom"" is scheduled to undergo another dry dock in February 2019. Carnival Freedom Carnival Freedom is a operated by Carnival Cruise Line, and the final ""Conquest""-class vessel to enter service. Built by Fincantieri at its Marghera shipyard in Venice, Italy, she was floated out on April 28, 2006, delivered to Carnival on February 28, 2007, and christened in

"Carnival Sunshine"
Carnival Sunshine Carnival Sunshine (formerly Carnival Destiny) is the lead ship of the of cruise ships. Along with two of her four sisters, she is operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was christened as ""Carnival Destiny"" in Venice, Italy, in November 1996 by Lin Arison, wife of Ted Arison, the founder of Carnival Cruise Line. Upon entering service, ""Carnival Destiny"" was the first passenger ship ever built to be over 100,000 tons as measured by gross tonnage for a year. She became ""Carnival Sunshine"" on 5 May 2013,

In 2014, ""Carnival Glory "" started operating 7-night eastern and western Caribbean cruises departing out of Miami. In January 2018, ""Carnival Glory"" was the first Carnival's ship which returned to St. Thomas since hurricanes in September 2017. On July 1, 2018, ""Carnival Glory"" rescued a crew member who went overboard on ""Norwegian Getaway"" the day before. A 33-year-old male Filipino was found and rescued 21 miles north of Cuba. On March 16, 2007, a 35-year-old male passenger jumped through a window and fell into the water east of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He was rescued 8 hours later. On March 8,

"2010 Six Nations Championship"
2010 Six Nations Championship The 2010 Six Nations Championship, known as the 2010 RBS 6 Nations due to sponsorship by the Royal Bank of Scotland, was the 11th series of the Six Nations Championship and the 116th international championship, an annual rugby union competition between the six major Northern Hemisphere national teams. The tournament was held between 6 February and 20 March 2010. The championship was contested by England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. France won the tournament, achieving a final 12–10 victory over England to win the Grand Slam, their first since 2004 and ninth overall (including six

"1975 Five Nations Championship"
1975 Five Nations Championship The 1975 Five Nations Championship was the forty-sixth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the eighty-first series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 18 January and 15 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The championship was won by Wales, the team's eighteenth title (excluding another nine shared championships). The game between Scotland and Wales at the Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh on 1 March attracted a World Record rugby attendance of

"2016 Six Nations Championship"
2016 Six Nations Championship The 2016 Six Nations Championship, known as the 2016 RBS 6 Nations due to the tournament's sponsorship by The Royal Bank of Scotland, was the 17th series of the Six Nations Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. It was contested by England, France, defending champions Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. Including the competition's previous incarnations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 122nd edition of the tournament. England won the Championship on 13 March with a game to play, winning their first Championship since 2011. On 19 March, they

the tournament. The oldest such regular competition is for the Calcutta Cup, contested annually between England and Scotland since 1879. It is named the Calcutta Cup as it is made from melted-down Indian Rupees donated by the Calcutta Club. Since 1988, the Millennium Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the game between England and Ireland, and since 1989 the Centenary Quaich has been awarded to the winner of the game between Ireland and Scotland. Since 2007, France and Italy have contested the Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy; it was created for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Giuseppe Garibaldi,

"2018 Six Nations Championship"
2018 Six Nations Championship The 2018 Six Nations Championship was the 19th series of the Six Nations Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. The tournament continued to be sponsored by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, via its subsidiary NatWest, so was branded the NatWest 6 Nations. The championship was contested by France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales and defending champions England. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 124th edition of the tournament. As in 2017, the tournament continued to use the bonus point system common to most

Six Nations Championship The Six Nations Championship (known as the Guinness Six Nations for sponsorship reasons) is an annual international rugby union competition between the teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The current champions are Ireland, having won the 2018 tournament. The Six Nations is the successor to the Home Nations Championship (1883–1909 and 1932–39), played between teams from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, which was the first international rugby union tournament. With the addition of France, this became the Five Nations Championship (1910–31 and 1947–99), which in turn became the Six Nations Championship with the addition

"2017 Six Nations Championship"
2017 Six Nations Championship The 2017 Six Nations Championship was the 18th series of the Six Nations Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. The tournament was also known as the RBS 6 Nations because of the tournament's sponsorship by The Royal Bank of Scotland. It was contested by defending champions England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 123rd edition of the tournament. For the first time the 2017 tournament used the bonus point system common to most other professional rugby union

other professional rugby union tournaments. As well as the standard four points for a win and two for a draw, a team scoring four tries in a match received an additional league table point, as did a team losing by seven or fewer points. Additionally, to ensure that a team winning all of its five matches (a Grand Slam) would also win the Championship, three bonus points would be awarded for this achievement. The Championship was won by Ireland on 10 March 2018, with their four wins (three with try bonus points) from the first four matches sufficient to place

Italy taking place at the Stade Vélodrome, Marseille. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: 2018 Six Nations Championship The 2018 Six Nations Championship was the 19th series of the Six Nations Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. The tournament continued to be sponsored by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, via its subsidiary NatWest, so was branded the NatWest 6 Nations. The championship was contested by France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales and defending champions England. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship,

the second season, the theme song was performed by the band Cheap Trick. Unlike previous versions of the song, Cheap Trick ended the song with the repeated phrase ""We're all alright!"" quoting the ending of their 1978 hit song ""Surrender"". Both versions of the song (Todd Griffin and Cheap Trick) used on the show end with somebody yelling ""Hello, Wisconsin!"" In Griffin's version, Danny Masterson is the one yelling ""Hello, Wisconsin!"" while it is unknown who yells it in Cheap Trick's version during the opening. On the soundtrack, ""That '70s Album (Rockin')"", Cheap Trick's lead singer Robin Zander yells ""Hello,

the cast in various groupings (including the adult cast members, who had not appeared in the first season's opening). After Topher Grace and Ashton Kutcher left the series, the opening credits were reworked for season 8 to feature close-up shots of each of the actors singing (or mouthing) a line of the theme song in the Circle (for example, Mila Kunis ""Hanging Out...;"" Danny Masterson ""Down the Street""). The only actors to not say or do anything in the new opening credits were Kurtwood Smith and Tommy Chong, with the exception of the first episode of season 8, when Chong

in which the Formans were in danger of losing their home due to Red's hours being cut back at the auto parts plant where he worked. Storylines in later seasons were generally presented more comically and less dramatically. The show also featured guest-starring actors from 1970s TV shows, such as Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper and Betty White (""The Mary Tyler Moore Show""), Tom Poston and Jack Riley (""The Bob Newhart Show""), Pamela Sue Martin (""The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries""), Tim Reid and Howard Hesseman (""WKRP in Cincinnati""), Eve Plumb, Barry Williams and Christopher Knight (""The Brady Bunch""), Tom Bosley

and Marion Ross (""Happy Days""), Monty Hall (""Let's Make A Deal""), Gavin MacLeod (""The Love Boat"" and ""The Mary Tyler Moore Show""), Don Knotts, Richard Kline and Jenilee Harrison (""Three's Company""), and Danny Bonaduce and Shirley Jones (""The Partridge Family""). Series recurring cast member Tanya Roberts also starred in a popular show in the 1970s (""Charlie's Angels""). Beginning with season 5, each episode in the series is named after a song by a rock band that was famous in the 1970s: Led Zeppelin (season 5), The Who (Season 6), The Rolling Stones (season 7), and Queen (season 8, except for

"Alex Chilton"
was released in Europe in 1998. Chilton subsequently toured with the original group annually. Chilton had toured Europe in 1991 with a version of the band, and had sung Box Tops material as a featured singer in oldies package tours during the 1980s and 1990s. After Chilton's death, the Box Tops were to reform again in 2015 with guitarist Gary Talley as lead vocalist. In 1998, the Alex Chilton / Chris Bell song ""In the Street"" (from the first Big Star album) was chosen as the theme music for the U.S. television series ""That '70s Show"" at the suggestion of

local water tower. At the end of several water tower segments, at least one character falls off (usually Kelso). When Charlie Richardson (played by Bret Harrison) fell off and died in season 8, the water tower was renamed in his honor. After Charlie's death, Kelso fell off again, but survived, leading him to believe he was ""invincible"". In the ""Water Tower episode"", the gang painted a marijuana leaf on the tower, but it looked more like a green hand giving the finger. In the episode ""The Immigrant Song (a.k.a. Fez Gets Busted)"" Kelso paints Jackie and his names on the

sings the last ""We're all alright"". Smith looks at the camera frowning and rolls his eyes. Chong looks around the room, confused as he hears ""Hello, Wisconsin!"" The final episode omits most of the opening sequence and instead only shows the license plate shot. The show addressed social issues of the 1970s such as sexism, sexual attitudes, generational conflict, the economic hardships of the 1970s recession, mistrust of the American government by blue-collar workers, and underage drinking, including teenage drug use. The series also highlighted developments in the entertainment industry, including the television remote (""the clicker""), reruns, VCR, and cable

"The Office (U.S. season 2)"
directed episodes during season one, while Dennie Gordon, Paul Feig, Victor Nelli, Jr., and Charles McDougall each made their directorial debut for the show. While ""The Office"" was mainly filmed on a studio set at Valley Center Studios in Van Nuys, California, the city of Scranton, Pennsylvania, where the show is set, was also used for shots of the opening theme. Despite low ratings from the first season of the show, NBC renewed ""The Office"" for a second season. Originally, six episodes were ordered, but NBC later ordered an additional seven. In early November, NBC again expanded the season by

from September 20, 2005 to December 6, 2005. The timeslot changed to Thursdays at 9:30 p.m. from January 5, 2006 to May 11, 2006. The season was a ratings success, bolstered by Carell's success in the 2005 film ""The 40 Year Old Virgin"". The season also received glowing reviews from critics, with many calling it one of the greatest sitcom seasons ever produced. The second season was released in a four-disc DVD boxset in Region 1 on September 12, 2006, and in Region 2 on January 28, 2008. The DVD set contained all 22 episodes, as well as commentaries from

"This Is Us (season 2)"
Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, and Lonnie Chavis. The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC. ""This Is Us"" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018 with the second season's fourteenth episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger served

"Regular Show (season 2)"
entendres and mild language Quintel stated that, although the network wanted to step up from the more child-oriented fare, there were some restrictions that came along with this switch. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Regular Show (season 2) The second season of American animated television series ""Regular Show"" originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States. The season was 28 episodes long, starting with ""Ello Gov'nor"", and ending with the season finale ""Karaoke Video"". The season was storyboarded and written by Sean Szeles, Shion Takeuchi, Benton Connor, Calvin Wong, Paul Scarlata, Kat Morris, J. G. Quintel, Mike Roth, John Infantino, Minty Lewis, Henry

teenage Kevin, Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate, Parker Bates as young Kevin, Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson, and Eris Baker as Tess Pearson. Lonnie Chavis began the season continuing as young Randall in a recurring role, but was ultimately promoted to series regular. In August 2017, Sylvester Stallone and Debra Jo Rupp were cast in guest starring roles. The show was awarded over $9.9 million in tax incentives by the California Film Commission for its second season. Production on the season began on July 11, 2017, in Los Angeles. The second season was originally set to move to a Thursday

Paul Lieberstein, and B. J. Novak. Joining the writing staff for the second season are Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky, who also served as story editors, and Jennifer Celotta, who was a consulting producer. Some of the actors also received promotions: Kaling was promoted to story editor, Novak became a co-producer, and Lieberstein became a co-executive producer. Series star, Steve Carell, wrote his first ""Office"" episode, the season finale, ""Casino Night"". Season two featured episodes directed by eight different directors, each of whom aside from Bryan Gordon directed multiple episodes. Gordon, Ken Kwapis, Ken Whittingham, and Daniels had all previously

show has ""perfecting workaday moments so hilariously and relatably awkward that it makes viewers both laugh and cringe"". The season was also a commercial success. Midway through the season, a deal was made with Apple Inc to get the show's episodes available for download on the iTunes store. This action, in turn, led to many fans buying the series before the DVD set was released; for instance, ""The Carpet"", the season's fourteenth episode, was for a time, the second most-downloaded episode of a television show in the store. By early January, episodes from ""The Office"" occupied ten of the twenty

"24 (season 2)"
24 (season 2) The second season of the American drama television series ""24"", also known as Day 2, was first broadcast from October 29, 2002, to May 20, 2003 on Fox. The season begins and ends at 8:00 a.m. The season premiere originally aired without commercial interruption, and has an extended running time of approximately 51 minutes, as opposed to the standard 43 minutes. The second season is set 18 months after season one. The season's main plot follows the work of now-U.S. President David Palmer and agent Jack Bauer to stop terrorists from detonating a nuclear bomb in Los

viewers and up sixty percent in viewers ages 18–49. A year-end report by NBC noted, """"The Office"" was the fastest-growing series on television this season versus last ... ""The Office"" grew by 60 percent this season in adults 1849 (to an average 4.0 rating from a 2.5 the prior season)."" The second season of ""The Office"" was released largely to critical acclaim and commercial success. Francis Rizzo III of DVD Talk wrote that the British version ""can't hold a candle to the American"" version during this season, due to the show coming ""into its own, becoming the best half-hour show

"Hell on Wheels (season 2)"
train, Cullen is captured by authorities and sentenced to death, but Durant intervenes with a pardon on the condition that Cullen returns to Hell on Wheels to help oversee railroad construction. The second season was met with favorable reviews from critics with the premiered watched by just over 2.5 million viewers. The numbers were down significantly from the first season's premiere and finale. The second season features ten series regulars. Robin McLeavy and Christopher Heyerdahl are promoted from recurring status. Production began in late-April 2012. While last season's exterior filming took place on the Tsuu T’ina Nation indian reserve, this

"Siege of Yorktown"
fleet transporting 5,500 soldiers, was encouraged by Washington and French Lieutenant General Rochambeau to move his fleet south, and launch a joint land-naval attack on Arnold's troops. The Marquis de Lafayette was sent south with 1,200 men to help with the assault. However, Destouches was reluctant to dispatch many ships, and in February sent only three. After they proved ineffective, he took a larger force of 8 ships in March 1781, and fought a tactically inconclusive battle with the British fleet of Marriot Arbuthnot at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Destouches withdrew due to the damage sustained to his

but threw down their arms and surrendered when the French prepared a bayonet charge. With the capture of redoubts 9 and 10, Washington was able to have his artillery shell the town from three directions and the allies moved some of their artillery into the redoubts. On October 15, Cornwallis turned all of his guns onto the nearest allied position. He then ordered a storming party of 350 British troops under the command of Colonel Robert Abercromby to attack the allied lines and spike the American and French cannon (i.e., plug the touch hole with an iron spike). The allies

the command of Baron von Steuben and Anthony Wayne. Cornwallis did not pursue Lafayette. Instead, he sent raiders into central Virginia, where they attacked depots and supply convoys, before being recalled on June 20. Cornwallis then headed for Williamsburg, and Lafayette's force of now 4,500 followed him. General Clinton, in a confusing series of orders, ordered Cornwallis first to Portsmouth and then Yorktown, where he was instructed to build fortifications for a deep water port. On July 6, the French and American armies met at White Plains, north of New York City. Although Rochambeau had almost 40 years of warfare

Domingo, de Grasse met with Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis, an agent of Carlos III of Spain. De Grasse had planned to leave several of his warships in Santo Domingo. Saavedra promised the assistance of the Spanish navy to protect the French merchant fleet, enabling de Grasse to sail north with all of his warships. In the beginning of September, he defeated a British fleet led by Sir Thomas Graves that came to relieve Cornwallis at the Battle of the Chesapeake. As a result of this victory, de Grasse blocked any escape by sea for Cornwallis. By late September, Washington and

"Yorktown campaign"
grumbling amongst the men, since Arnold was not particularly well respected. While waiting for Cornwallis, the forces of Arnold and Lafayette watched each other. Arnold attempted to open communications with the marquis (who had orders from Washington to summarily hang Arnold), but the marquis returned his letters unopened. Cornwallis arrived in Petersburg on May 19, prompting Lafayette, who commanded under 1,000 Continentals and about 2,000 militia, to retreat to Richmond. Further British reinforcements led by the Ansbacher Colonel von Voigt arrived from New York shortly after, raising the size of Cornwallis's army to more than 7,000. Cornwallis, after dispatching General

fleet, leaving Arbuthnot and the British fleet in control of the bay's mouth. On March 26, Arnold was joined by 2,300 troops under command of Major General William Phillips, who took command of the combined forces. Phillips resumed raiding, defeating the militia at Blandford, then burning the tobacco warehouses at Petersburg on April 25. Richmond was about to suffer the same fate, but Lafayette arrived. The British, not wanting to engage in a major battle, withdrew to Petersburg on May 10. On May 20, Charles Cornwallis arrived at Petersburg with 1,500 men after suffering heavy casualties at the Battle of

regular soldiers under the command of the German Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Zweibrücken and redoubt 10 would be assaulted by 400 light infantry troops under the command of Alexander Hamilton. There was a brief dispute as to who should lead the attack on Redoubt No. 10. Lafayette named his aide, Jean-Joseph Sourbader de Gimat, who commanded a battalion of Continental light infantry. However, Hamilton protested, saying that he was the senior officer. Washington concurred with Hamilton and gave him command of the attack. At 6:30 pm, gunfire announced the diversionary attack on the Fusiliers redoubt. At other places in the

British forces, and it was only after a series of controversially confusing orders by General Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander-in-chief, that Cornwallis moved to Yorktown in July and built a defensive position that was strong against the land forces he then faced, but was vulnerable to naval blockade and siege. British naval forces in North America and the West Indies were weaker than the combined fleets of France and Spain, and, after some critical decisions and tactical missteps by British naval commanders, the French fleet of Paul de Grasse gained control over Chesapeake Bay, blockading Cornwallis from naval support

"Battle of York"
to set fire to the sloop of war under construction in the dockyard, and to blow up the fort's magazine. When the fort's magazine exploded, Pike and the leading American troops were only away, or even closer. The flag had been left flying over the fort as a ruse, and Pike was questioning a prisoner as to how many troops were defending it. Pike was mortally injured by flying stones and debris. The explosion killed 38 American soldiers and wounded 222. Colonel William Chewett and Major William Allen of the 3rd York Regiment of militia tried to arrange a capitulation,

Herbert Hoover along with French representatives. The event included the official dedication of the Colonial National Historical Park. Siege of Yorktown The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, German Battle or the Siege of Little York, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the

"History of wrestling"
spread rapidly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. A ""Golden Age"" for the sport followed, cut short with the breakout of World War I in 1914. In 1898 the Frenchman Paul Pons, “the Colossus” became the first Professional World Champion. Leading wrestlers during this time, such as Georg Hackenschmidt, Stanislaus Zbyszko, William Muldoon, Frank Gotch, Constant Lavaux, had the status of popular heroes. In the United States, wrestling was dominated by Martin ""Farmer"" Burns and his pupil, Frank Gotch. Burns was renowned as a competitive wrestler, who, despite never weighing more than 160 pounds during his wrestling

"WWE Championship"
into the promotion in 1963. The inaugural champion was Buddy Rogers, and there have been 50 different official champions overall and 11 vacancies. The longest reigning champion is Bruno Sammartino, who held the title from May 17, 1963 to January 18, 1971, for a total of 2,803 days (7 years, 8 months, and 1 day); Sammartino also holds the record for longest combined reign at 4,040 days. André the Giant is the shortest reigning champion, officially holding the title for 1 minute, 48 seconds. The youngest champion is Brock Lesnar, who won the title at the age of 25, while

reconciled and were friends until Sammartino's passing in 2018. Ric Flair Richard Morgan Fliehr (born February 25, 1949), better known as Ric Flair, is an American professional wrestling manager and retired professional wrestler signed to WWE under its Legends program. Described by many sources as the greatest professional wrestler of all time and the best American performer of the 1980s, Flair had a career that spanned 40 years. He is noted for his tenures with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Since the mid-1970s, he

"Professional wrestling in the United States"
popular culture. In the United States, in the First Golden Age of professional wrestling in the 1940s–1950s, Gorgeous George gained mainstream popularity, followed in the Second Golden Age in the 1980s–1990s by Ric Flair, Andre the Giant, Hulk Hogan, Shawn Michaels, Bret Hart, Sting, The Undertaker, Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, Kurt Angle, and Triple H. Professional wrestling, in the sense of traveling performers paid for mass entertainment in staged matches, began in the post-Civil War period in the late 1860s and 1870s. During this time, wrestlers were often athletes with amateur wrestling experience who competed at traveling carnivals

"Angelo Savoldi"
Angelo Savoldi Mario Louis Fornini, Sr. (April 21, 1914 – September 20, 2013) was an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter, better known professionally as Angelo Savoldi. At the time of his death, he was known as the world's oldest retired wrestler at the age of 99. Fornini was born in Castrocielo, Italy in 1914. At the age of five, he and his family moved to the United States, where they lived in Hoboken, New Jersey. As a child, Fornini was reportedly friends with Frank Sinatra. He first began to wrestle at Demarest High School, but left during the Great

"Bob Backlund"
Bob Backlund Robert Louis Backlund (born August 14, 1949) is an American retired professional wrestler with an in-ring career spanning over 30 years, best known for his tenures in the World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation (WWWF/WWF, later known as World Wrestling Entertainment and currently simply known as WWE), where he is a two-time WWWF/WWF Heavyweight Champion/WWF World Heavyweight Champion (Backlund's first reign is the second-longest reign in the title history, behind Bruno Sammartino's first), as well as being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013. Backlund was an accomplished amateur wrestler for the North Dakota State University

National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). The inaugural champion was Buddy Rogers. Since its inception, the title has undergone many name changes due to company name changes and title unifications. It is the oldest championship currently active in the WWE, and is presented as being the promotion's most prestigious title, with many matches for the title having headlined pay-per-view events – including WWE's flagship event WrestleMania. In professional wrestling in general, it is considered by many to be one of the most prestigious championships of all time. From its inception until 2001, it was promoted as WWE's sole primary championship. An additional

"Professional wrestling"
made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. There have been many brutal accidents, hits and injuries. Many of the injuries that occur in pro wrestling are shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries. Professional wrestler Davey Richards said in 2015 ""We train to take damage, we know we are going to take damage and we accept that."" In April 2014, less than 25 years after the 1990 WrestleMania VI, one-third of its 36 competitors had died including André the Giant and main event winner The Ultimate Warrior, with none of the deceased having reached the age of 64. Professional

"Hulk Hogan"
Hulk Hogan Terry Gene Bollea (, born August 11, 1953), better known by his ring name as Hulk Hogan, is an American retired pro wrestler, actor, television personality, entrepreneur and musician. Hogan is regarded by many as the greatest professional wrestler of all time. According to IGN, he is ""the most recognized wrestling star worldwide and the most popular wrestler of the 1980s"". Hogan enjoyed considerable mainstream popularity between 1984 and 1993 as a face in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), which continued for the remainder of the 1990s in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where he turned heel

"History of professional wrestling"
for the Trio. Stecher was afraid of losing his championship, refusing to wrestle many contenders as a result. The Trio responded by calling the Munn-Zbysko match illegitimate, and reinstated Munn as champion, but quickly had him drop it to Lewis. This left two champions, Ed Lewis and Joe Stecher, who were regarded as the dominant wrestlers of the period. Stecher and Lewis did agree to a unification match years later, in 1928, when Stecher gave in and lost the title to Lewis. In 1948, wrestling reached new heights after a loose confederation was formed between independent wrestling companies. This was

who developed a set of postulates to prove that specific microorganisms cause disease

"Koch's postulates"
Koch's postulates Koch's postulates () are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been controversially generalized to other diseases. These postulates were generated prior to understanding of modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate cellular parasites) or asymptomatic carriers. They

into account prion diseases, which have no nucleic acid sequences of their own. Koch's postulates Koch's postulates () are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been controversially generalized to other diseases. These postulates were generated prior to understanding of modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be examined using

discovered that another serious disease of silkworms, ""pébrine"", was caused by a small microscopic organism now known as ""Nosema bombycis"" (1870). Pasteur saved France's silk industry by developing a method to screen silkworms eggs for those that were not infected, a method that is still used today to control this and other silkworm diseases. Robert Koch is known for developing four basic criteria (known as Koch's postulates) for demonstrating, in a scientifically sound manner, that a disease is caused by a particular organism. These postulates grew out of his seminal work with anthrax using purified cultures of the pathogen that

"Robert Koch"
Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (; ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the founder of modern bacteriology, he identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans and animals. Koch created and improved laboratory technologies and techniques in the field of microbiology, and made key discoveries in public health. His research led to the creation of Koch's postulates, a series of four generalized principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today the

Bacteria
not bacteria, but rather fungi.) Along with his contemporary Robert Koch, Pasteur was an early advocate of the germ theory of disease. Robert Koch, a pioneer in medical microbiology, worked on cholera, anthrax and tuberculosis. In his research into tuberculosis Koch finally proved the germ theory, for which he received a Nobel Prize in 1905. In ""Koch's postulates"", he set out criteria to test if an organism is the cause of a disease, and these postulates are still used today. Ferdinand Cohn is said to be a founder of bacteriology, studying bacteria from 1870. Cohn was the first to classify

end caring for the sick. Searching for a cure, Kircher observed microorganisms under the microscope and invented the germ theory of disease, which he outlined in his ""Scrutinium pestis physico-medicum"" (Rome 1658). Building on Leeuwenhoek's work, physician Nicolas Andry argued in 1700 that microorganisms he called ""worms"" were responsible for smallpox and other diseases. In 1720, Richard Bradley theorised that the plague and 'all pestilential distempers' were caused by 'poisonous insects', living creatures viewable only with the help of microscopes. In 1762, the Austrian physician Marcus Antonius von Plenciz (1705-1786) published a book titled ""Opera medico-physica"". It outlined a theory

is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. Such views were held in disdain, however, and Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors. The nature of this doctrine prevented them from understanding how diseases actually progressed, with predictable consequences. By the early nineteenth century, smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe, though doctors were unaware of how

covered by maggots, and the jar covered with gauze had maggots on the surface of the gauze. However, the tightly sealed jar had no maggots inside or outside it. He also noticed that the maggots were found only on surfaces that were accessible by flies. From this he concluded that spontaneous generation is not a plausible theory. Microorganisms are said to have been first directly observed in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, an early pioneer in microbiology. Yet Athanasius Kircher may have done so prior. When Rome was struck by the bubonic plague in 1656, Kircher spent days on

Microbiology
spontaneous generation, thereby solidifying microbiology’s identity as a biological science. One of his students, Adrien Certes, is considered the founder of marine microbiology. Pasteur also designed methods for food preservation (pasteurization) and vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies. Koch is best known for his contributions to the germ theory of disease, proving that specific diseases were caused by specific pathogenic micro-organisms. He developed a series of criteria that have become known as the Koch's postulates. Koch was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture resulting in his

had been isolated from diseased animals. Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day. Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that some infectious agents were clearly responsible for disease even though they did not fulfill all of the postulates. Attempts to rigidly apply Koch's postulates to the diagnosis of viral diseases in the late 19th century, at a time when viruses could not be seen or isolated in culture, may have impeded the early development of the field of virology. Currently, a number

"Mission: Impossible (film series)"
as Luther Stickell (played by Ving Rhames) and Benji Dunn (played by Simon Pegg) have recurring roles in the films. The series has received a positive reception from critics and is the 16th-highest-grossing film series of all time, with a worldwide gross of over $3.5 billion to date. The sixth and most recent film, titled """", was released in July 2018. Ethan Hunt is framed for the murder of his IMF team during a botched mission in Prague and accused of selling government secrets to an arms dealer known only as ""Max"". On the run, Ethan seeks to uncover the

Rabbit's Foot"". The film was directed by J.J. Abrams. Ethan and the entire IMF are blamed for the bombing of the Kremlin while investigating an individual known only as ""Cobalt"" (Michael Nyqvist). He and three other agents are left to stop him from starting a global nuclear war. The film was directed by Brad Bird. Ethan Hunt comes under threat from the Syndicate, a near-mythical organization of rogue agents who kill to order. Faced with the IMF's disbandment, Hunt assembles his team for their mission to prove the Syndicate's existence and bring the organization down by any means necessary. The

"Mission: Impossible – Fallout"
female lead, Rebecca Ferguson, would return for the sequel. On August 19, 2016, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" wrote that Paramount had halted pre-production on the film due to a dispute over salary between Cruise and the studio, as Cruise wanted to be paid equal to or more his fee for the Universal Pictures film ""The Mummy"". On September 16, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" confirmed that Cruise's dispute with the studio had been resolved, and production would now begin in spring 2017. In November, Jeremy Renner—who portrayed William Brandt in the and films—stated that he was unsure if he would be part of

film was directed by Christopher McQuarrie. When an IMF mission ends badly, the world is faced with dire consequences. As Ethan Hunt takes it upon himself to fulfill his original briefing, the CIA begins to question his loyalty and his motives. The film was written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie. Some fans of the TV series were upset that Jim Phelps, team leader in the series, became a traitor in the first film, selling the details of government agents to an arms dealer. Actor Greg Morris, who portrayed in the , was so disgusted with the film's treatment of the

film was released on DVD again on April 11 2006, as a special collector's edition. A Blu-ray release followed on June 3 2008, a 4K UHD Blu-ray version was released on June 26 2018, offering upgraded picture and audio. Mission: Impossible (film) Mission: Impossible is a 1996 American action spy film directed by Brian De Palma and produced by and starring Tom Cruise. Based on the , its plot follows Ethan Hunt (Cruise) and his mission to uncover the mole who has framed him for the murders of his entire Impossible Missions Force (IMF) team. Work on the script had

real traitor and clear his name. The film was directed by Brian De Palma. Ethan sends international thief Nyah Nordoff-Hall (Thandie Newton) undercover to stop rogue IMF agent, and Nyah's former lover, Sean Ambrose (Dougray Scott) from stealing a deadly virus to start a pandemic and sell the antidote to the highest bidder. The film was directed by John Woo. Ethan, retired from being an IMF team leader and engaged to be married, assembles a team to face the elusive arms and information broker Owen Davian (Philip Seymour Hoffman) who intends to sell a mysterious dangerous object known as ""The

"Avengers: Endgame"
Avengers: Endgame Avengers: Endgame is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and set for distribution by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is set to be the direct sequel to 2018's """", a sequel to 2012's ""Marvel's The Avengers"" and 2015's """", and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo with a screenplay by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely and features an ensemble cast of actors from previous MCU films. The film was announced in October 2014

Mission: Impossible (film series) Mission: Impossible is a series of American action films based on the . The series is co-produced by and stars Tom Cruise, whose character is Ethan Hunt, a special agent of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF). Beginning in 1996, the films follow the missions of the IMF's main field team under the leadership of Hunt, who is forced to take over after the team is betrayed from within during the first film. The series focuses on Hunt as the lead character as opposed to the ensemble cast structure of the television series, although some characters, such

theme, with an interlude in 5/4. Mission: Impossible (film series) Mission: Impossible is a series of American action films based on the . The series is co-produced by and stars Tom Cruise, whose character is Ethan Hunt, a special agent of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF). Beginning in 1996, the films follow the missions of the IMF's main field team under the leadership of Hunt, who is forced to take over after the team is betrayed from within during the first film. The series focuses on Hunt as the lead character as opposed to the ensemble cast structure of the

himself. On May 23, 2015, ""The Tracking Board"" reported that Paramount Pictures was developing a sixth ""Mission: Impossible"" film, with Tom Cruise, J. J. Abrams, David Ellison, and Dana Goldberg returning to produce, along with Don Granger and Matt Grimm as executive producers, and Elizabeth Raposo overseeing development. On July 28, 2015, Cruise confirmed on ""The Daily Show with Jon Stewart"" that a sixth film was already being developed, and told Jon Stewart that the filming would ""probably"" commence in summer 2016. On August 2, 2015, Paramount executive Rob Moore told ""Variety"" that the sequel was already in the works,

"Gabbar Is Back"
Gabbar Is Back Gabbar Is Back, also known as Gabbar is a 2015 Indian vigilante action film directed by Krish and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures. Featuring Akshay Kumar and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles, the film is a remake of the 2002 Tamil film ""Ramanaa"", directed by A. R. Murugadoss, which was later remade in Telugu as Tagore in 2003 and in Kannada as Vishnu Sena in 2005. Suman Talwar, Sunil Grover and Jaideep Ahlawat appear in supporting roles with Kareena Kapoor in a cameo. The movie has garnered a good box office

wrote that ""Akshay Gives The Super-Hero A New Definition."" Hindustan Times audio news praised the screen presence of Akshay Kumar. Deccan Chronicle described the movie as ""cliched but enjoyable in bits"". Business Standard posted the ratings of IANS which gave 4 stars to the movie. The film is a remake of the 2002 Tamil film ""Ramanaa"", directed by A. R. Murugadoss, which was later remade in many other languages. Gabbar Is Back Gabbar Is Back, also known as Gabbar is a 2015 Indian vigilante action film directed by Krish and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures.

"Singham Returns"
Singham Returns Singham Returns is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by Rohit Shetty and produced by Ajay Devgn FFilms. A sequel to the 2011 film ""Singham"", actor Ajay Devgn reprises his role from the previous film, as well as co-producing the project, while Kareena Kapoor plays the female lead thus replacing Kajal Aggarwal. The film was also simultaneously made in Marathi. The film was released worldwide on 15 August 2014. Bajirao Singham (Ajay Devgn) gets transferred to Mumbai and he discovers that one of his team members (Mahesh) is found dead inside an ambulance with massive bags

success and Akshay Kumar's acting was critically praised. The police get information that 10 tehsildars across Maharashtra have been mysteriously kidnapped. But they are mysteriously returned – except the most corrupt officer, who is hanged. The police get a CD from mystery man 'Gabbar', who says his mission is to target corrupt officers. Police driver Sadhuram (Sunil Grover) is convinced he can crack the mystery of who is Gabbar, but his superior officers humiliate and insult him in front of the other officers. On his way home, Professor Aditya Singh Rajput (Akshay Kumar) is stopped by lawyer Shruti (Shruti Haasan),

releases the video of the hospital's corruption to the media. However, Vikas is murdered. His father, a powerful builder Digvijay Patil (Suman Talwar), sees Aditya in the hospital CCTV footage and is stunned to realize this is the same man he had supposedly killed 5 years ago. Aditya and Shruti attend a wedding where Aditya remembers his late wife Sunaina (Kareena Kapoor Khan) and how they moved into a new apartment when they were expecting a baby. While Aditya was outside playing Holi, the buildings in the colony collapsed and killed hundreds of people, including his wife and unborn child.

"Dada Is Back"
Dada Is Back Dada is Back is a 2017 Indian Kannada crime gangster drama film directed by Santhosh produced by Ajay Raj Urs and Dr Shankar under the Apple Films & Dayanand Sounds production The film features Arun Kumar, Ajay Raj Urs, Shravya along with the Tamil actor R. Parthiepan, making his debut in Kannada cinema, in the lead roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Anoop Seelin whilst the cinematography is by Nagesh Acharya. The film's trailer was officially released on 1 April 2017 by actor Sudeep in Bangalore. The film was released across Karnataka on 21

"Tagore (film)"
Tagore (film) Tagore is a 2003 Telugu crime-drama film directed by V. V. Vinayak. Chiranjeevi, Jyothika and Shriya Saran play the lead roles. The film was a remake of the 2002 Tamil film ""Ramanaa"" directed by A. R. Murugadoss with Vijayakanth in the lead. It was screened at the International Indian Film Academy Awards, along with ""Pokiri"". ""Tagore"" was a blockbuster and was the highest grossing south indian film after Indra. This film is considered to be the biggest hit in Chiranjeevi's career. It was remade in Hindi in 2015 as Gabbar is Back starring Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor and

honest officers attended National College for graduation. Shruti finds out Aditya as Gabbar and is shocked but when he tells her the truth, she supports his cause. CBI officer Kuldeep Pahwa (Jaideep Ahlawat) takes charge of the case and is mystified by the facts. He listens to Sadhuram's findings, and they arrest National College students. Upon being beaten, the students do not divulge anything about Gabbar. Shruti tells Kuldeep that because the law doesn't work, a vigilante like Gabbar is a hero for ordinary citizens. Sadhuram changes his view of Gabbar. Digvijay kills an honest officer to terrorize others into

how helpless patients and their families are fleeced and often, inhumanly treated. A poor woman mourns her deceased husband in the civil hospital nearby. Aditya tells her he will get her medical insurance. He deliberately checks in her dead husband as a patient to Patil Hospital. The hospital tries to swindle money out of Aditya by pretending to treat the already dead man, making Aditya pay heavily for tests and medicines. Aditya shows them the death certificate, which proves that they knowingly admitted a dead man. The young owner of the hospital, Vikas Patil (Vikas Shrivastav), is furious when Aditya

"Gabbar Singh (character)"
the character has been referenced by protagonist Venkataratnam Naidu (played by Telugu actor Pawan Kalyan), nicknaming himself after Gabbar Singh's character. Constable Ram Prasad (Ali) is nicknamed 'Samba' after Gabbar Singh's sidekick. The sequel ""Sardaar Gabbar Singh"" (2016 film), Pawan reprises his role, albeit with 'Sardaar' in front of his name, referring to the title given by Gabbar Singh's henchmen. Both Telugu films contain dialogues made famous by Sholay's antagonist, e.g. """"Joh darr gaya... samjho marr gaya"""" (Whoever is afraid... they are dead). In the 2015 film ""Gabbar is Back"", the protagonist Aditya Singh Rajput (portrayed by Akshay Kumar) resembles

"It's Gonna Take a Miracle"
It's Gonna Take a Miracle ""It's Gonna Take a Miracle"" is a popular song written by Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, and Lou Stallman. It was first an R&B hit in 1965 for The Royalettes, who reached the Top 30 on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number 41 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 37 on ""Cash Box"". The song was originally written and intended for Little Anthony & The Imperials, but they never recorded it due to a royalty dispute with the song's writers/label owners Teddy Randazzo and Don Costa at the group's record label, DCP

Martin who had a hit called 'You Better Go.' But we missed a million seller with 'Gonna Take a Miracle' when we went on strike with the record company."" The most successful version of ""It's Gonna Take a Miracle"" was the 1982 remake by R&B and gospel singer Deniece Williams. Her version went to number one on the R&B chart for two weeks and reached number ten on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100. On June 12, 1982, Williams lip-synced her version on an episode of ""Soul Train"". It's Gonna Take a Miracle ""It's Gonna Take a Miracle"" is a popular

"Gonna Take a Miracle"
Gonna Take a Miracle Gonna Take a Miracle is the fifth album by New York City-born singer, songwriter and pianist Laura Nyro, with assistance by vocal trio Labelle. It was released on Columbia Records in November 1971, one year after its predecessor, ""Christmas and the Beads of Sweat"". The album is Nyro's only all-covers album, and she interprets mainly 1950s and 1960s soul and R&B standards, using Labelle as a traditional back-up vocal group. Nyro had originally hatched the idea to do a covers album during 1970, and on her tour to support the ""Christmas and the Beads of Sweat""

"It's a Miracle (Barry Manilow song)"
It's a Miracle (Barry Manilow song) ""It's a Miracle"" is a 1975 single by Barry Manilow and was the second release from his album, ""Barry Manilow II"". ""It's a Miracle"" went to number twelve on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and was Manilow's second number one on the U.S. Easy Listening chart, spending one week at number one in April 1975. The single also peaked at number fifteen on the disco/dance chart, and was the first of four entries on the chart. ""It's a Miracle"" was followed by ""Could It Be Magic"". In Canada, ""It's a Miracle"" was a number-one

Fillmore East and were later issued on the live album ""Spread Your Wings and Fly: Live at the Fillmore East May 30, 1971"". They are ""Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing"", ""(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"", ""Ooh Child"" and ""Up on the Roof"", all fitting with the covers theme of the original album. The reissue features photographs and recording details, as well as new liner notes by Amy Linden and a back-cover personal recollection by Patti LaBelle. The reissue was released alongside similar versions of ""Eli and the Thirteenth Confession"" and ""New York Tendaberry"", and were produced

in May and June 1971 at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The producers were Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff. Patti LaBelle and her vocal partners in Labelle, Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash, were brought in as backing singers. Nyro was the main selector of material for the album, and chose songs she was influenced by growing up in the Bronx of the 1950s and 1960s. The songs include The Shirelles' ""I Met Him on a Sunday"", The Originals' ""The Bells"" (written by Marvin Gaye), Smokey Robinson & the Miracles' ""You've Really Got a Hold on Me"", Ben E. King's ""Spanish

and directed by the same Columbia/Legacy team. Gonna Take a Miracle Gonna Take a Miracle is the fifth album by New York City-born singer, songwriter and pianist Laura Nyro, with assistance by vocal trio Labelle. It was released on Columbia Records in November 1971, one year after its predecessor, ""Christmas and the Beads of Sweat"". The album is Nyro's only all-covers album, and she interprets mainly 1950s and 1960s soul and R&B standards, using Labelle as a traditional back-up vocal group. Nyro had originally hatched the idea to do a covers album during 1970, and on her tour to support

"Promised You a Miracle"
Promised You a Miracle ""Promised You a Miracle"" is a 1982 song by Scottish band Simple Minds and was released as the first single from their fifth studio album ""New Gold Dream (81–82–83–84)"". It was the band's first chart hit in the UK, reaching #13 in the UK Singles Chart and charting for 11 weeks. Their previous nine UK singles yielded no Top 40 hits in that country although some had sold well in Scotland. It was the only song on the album that included Kenny Hyslop as the studio session drummer. Mike Ogletree and Mel Gaynor contributed for the

"All I Need Is a Miracle"
All I Need Is a Miracle ""All I Need Is a Miracle"" is a song performed by English pop rock band Mike + The Mechanics. Written by guitarist Mike Rutherford and producer Christopher Neil, it was first included on their 1985 self-titled debut album, and later released as a single in early 1986 in the USA, where it reached number 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song was sung by Paul Young on both the original recording and the 1996 re-recording for the band's ""Hits"" compilation album. In an interview prior to the song's release as a single, Rutherford

album she introduced several of the songs that would later appear on ""Gonna Take a Miracle"", including ""Spanish Harlem"" and ""Dancing in the Street"". ""Gonna Take a Miracle"" remains a critics' favorite Laura Nyro record for its laidback atmosphere and impressive soul grooves and musicianship, as well as classic ""Philadelphia soul"" production from Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff. It was her last commercially successful album, peaking at #46 on the ""Billboard"" 200, then known as the Pop Albums chart, as well as #41 on the Black Albums chart. The album was Nyro's last for over four years as she turned

"Royal Rumble (2018)"
Brie Bella were also unannounced entrants. Banks, Asuka (#25), Nikki, and Brie were the final four. Banks, Nikki, and Brie attacked Asuka, after which, Nikki and Brie eliminated Banks (who lasted the longest at nearly 55 minutes). Asuka attacked Nikki and Brie, but Nikki performed a ""Rack Attack 2.0"" on Asuka and then eliminated Brie. After a back-and-forth exchange, Asuka eliminated Nikki to win the match and earn a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. After the match, Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss and SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair entered the ring. Before Asuka could make her decision for which

beat him. The main event was the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble match for a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. Sasha Banks and Becky Lynch were the first and second entrants, respectively. There were numerous surprise entrants throughout the match - including Hall of Famers Lita, Jacqueline, Beth Phoenix, and Trish Stratus; NXT wrestlers Kairi Sane and NXT Women's Champion Ember Moon; and past stars Torrie Wilson, Molly Holly, Michelle McCool (who scored the most eliminations at 5), Vickie Guerrero, and Kelly Kelly. SmackDown's Nikki Bella, who had been on hiatus since WrestleMania 33, and her free agent twin sister

"WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal"
won by Naomi, after she last eliminated Bayley. The decision to hold a battle royal in honor of The Fabulous Moolah drew fan rage. Tufayel Ahmed of ""Newsweek"" wrote that Moolah ""isn't quite the bastion of female empowerment she is proclaimed to be"", with ""years of allegations"" that she had ""monopolized women’s wrestling in North America"", taken a large percentage of other wrestlers' pay, and ""sexually exploited women under her mentorship"". Jason Powell, from ""Pro Wrestling Dot Net"", criticized the tribute as it does not ""exactly mesh with what WWE wants their women's division push to represent"". David Bixenspan of

Royal Rumble. Only wrestlers with at least 10 appearances are shown. As of the 2018 Greatest Royal Rumble. ^Only wrestler to appear in both the male and female Royal Rumbles. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Only wrestlers with at least three eliminations are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match Highest number of wrestlers working

On the January 16 episode, Cesaro and Sheamus defended the Raw Tag Team Championship against Gallows and Anderson. After the first referee was accidentally knocked out by Sheamus, another referee came out and called the winning pinfall for Gallows and Anderson. However, the original referee reversed the decision and made it a disqualification win for Gallows and Anderson, thus Cesaro and Sheamus retained the titles. A match between the two teams for the titles with two referees was scheduled for the Royal Rumble pre-show. At TLC, Alexa Bliss defeated Becky Lynch in a tables match to win the SmackDown Women's

women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's ""Big Four"" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise debut of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had

Women's Championship, as well as ending their long feud. The following ""Raw"", Sasha came out in a knee brace and on a crutch to talk about their feud. She wanted to congratulate Charlotte but instead was belittled and attacked by Nia Jax. Later, Charlotte came out and declared herself to be the greatest female wrestler of all time, but Bayley interrupted Charlotte, reminding her that she was 2–0 against her. Bayley then pinned Charlotte in an impromptu non-title match. However, as replays showed that Charlotte had her shoulder up before the three count, Charlotte had Bayley's win struck from the

WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal The WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal is a professional wrestling battle royal held at WrestleMania by American professional wrestling promotion WWE. The inaugural battle royal was held during the WrestleMania 34 pre-show. The winner of the match receives the WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal Trophy. The match was originally named The Fabulous Moolah Memorial Battle Royal in honor of The Fabulous Moolah – billed as a pioneer of women's wrestling. However, her name was removed from the match after backlash from fans due to the controversy surrounding Moolah's past. This is the female counterpart to the André the

match for the WWE Divas Championship between Eve Torres, Natalya, Layla, and Michelle McCool, which Torres won to win the championship. The pay-per-view featured the annual Royal Rumble match, which has been featured at every Royal Rumble event since its inception. However, for the first and only time in the history of the event, the Royal Rumble match featured 40 wrestlers instead of the usual number of 30. The same rules implied regardless of the number of entrants; the match ends when one wrestler remains in the ring, after all 39 other wrestlers have been eliminated via being tossed over

match three different times—first as Cactus Jack, then as Mankind and finally as Dude Love. The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to include a women's Royal Rumble match, contested under the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. According to the rules, participants are match eliminated if moved over the top rope and both feet touch the floor. Hence, a wrestler who exits the ring without going over the top rope is not eliminated from the contest. For example, during the 1999 match both Vince McMahon and Stone Cold Steve Austin left the ring only to

"Joel Grey"
the Master of Ceremonies in the 1972 film version of ""Cabaret"". His victory was part of a ""Cabaret"" near-sweep, which saw Liza Minnelli win Best Actress and Bob Fosse win Best Director, although it lost the Best Picture Oscar to ""The Godfather."" For that role, Grey also won a BAFTA award for ""The Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles"" and Best Supporting Actor awards from the Golden Globes, Kansas City Film Critics Circle, National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, National Society of Film Critics, and a Tony Award for his original stage performance six years prior, making him

"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective."" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series ""Sons of Anarchy"". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.

"Walter Connolly"
Walter Connolly Walter Connolly (April 8, 1887 – May 28, 1940) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 50 films between 1914 and 1939. His best known film is ""It Happened One Night"" (1934). Connolly was a successful stage actor who appeared in 22 Broadway productions between 1916 and 1935, notably revivals of Pirandello's ""Six Characters in Search of an Author"" and Chekhov's ""Uncle Vanya"". His first film appearances came in two silent films, ""The Marked Woman"" (1914) and ""A Soldier's Oath"" (1915), and his first talkie film came in 1930, ""Many Happy Returns"", but his Hollywood film

"John Barrymore"
October, where he took the lead role in 72 performances of the comedy ""The Affairs of Anatol"" at the Little Theatre. Although the critical response was lukewarm, Barrymore's salary for the play was $600 a week. He began the following year by appearing in a short run of ""A Thief for a Night"" in McVicker's Theatre, Chicago, before returning to New York, and the Thirty-Ninth St. Theatre, for a two-month run in ""Believe Me Xantippe"". In late 1913, Barrymore made his first confirmed feature film, the romantic comedy ""An American Citizen"", with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Company. When the

"The Man in Grey"
to the camera. Stewart Granger was appearing in a production of ""Rebecca"" on stage when he was called in to audition. He says he had been recommended to the producers by Robert Donat, with whom Granger had just appeared on stage in ""To Dream Again"". Granger was the last of the four leads cast and was paid £1,000 for 12 weeks work. ""I'd have played the part for nothing,"" he later wrote in his memoirs. ""It was such a chance."" The film was shot in Gainsborough Studios. Phyllis Calvert later said Leslie Arliss was ""not at all"" responsible for the

Weekly"" estimated the film's budget as ""$40 million-or-so"". By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct, but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule. Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh. In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation. Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film. ""9½ Weeks"", ""Last Tango in Paris"", and ""Blue Is the Warmest Colour"" were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film. Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been

his performance as ""atrocious"". The film was a massive hit in the UK, turning the four lead actors into stars. Phyllis Calvert later recalled it ""had two West End premieres. It had one premiere, got terrible notices, went through the provinces and made so much money that it had to come back to London."" It was the seventh most popular movie at the British box office in 1943. It was the tenth most seen movie of the year in Australia. The movie was also successful when released in France in 1945 and in Germany. In 1946 readers of the ""Daily

"Karl Malden"
Karl Malden Karl Malden (born Mladen George Sekulovich; March 22, 1912 – July 1, 2009) was an American actor. He was primarily a character actor who ""for more than 60 years brought an intelligent intensity and a homespun authenticity to roles in theater, film and television"", especially in such classic films as ""A Streetcar Named Desire"" (1951) — for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor — ""On the Waterfront"" (1954), ""Pollyanna"" (1960), and ""One-Eyed Jacks"" (1961). Malden also played in high-profile Hollywood films such as ""Baby Doll"" (1956), ""The Hanging Tree"" (1959), ""How the West Was

"Spencer Tracy"
Spencer Tracy Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor, noted for his natural style and versatility. One of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tracy won two Academy Awards for Best Actor from nine nominations, sharing the record for nominations in that category with Laurence Olivier. Tracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College, and he later received a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracy's breakthrough came in

"Religion in Sweden"
69.9% of the total population. Survey results are various, for example, according to a 2016 Ipsos survey, only 32% of the approximately 500 working-age, internet connected participants claimed to belong to Christianity, and among them 24% belong to Protestantism, 4% to Catholicism, 3% to Orthodox Christianity and 1% to the Jehovah's Witnesses. Another survey by the Pew Research Center found in Spring 2016 that 66.7% out of a sample of 1,000 Swedes claimed to be Christians. As of 2015, 6,601,113 people, or 67% of the total population, were registered members of the various Protestant denominations in Sweden. The Church of

Religion in Sweden Religion in Sweden is diversified. Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Swedish population from the 12th to the early 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the late 20th and early 21st century. In 2015, legally registered Christians comprised 69.9% of the total population. The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which was the state religion until 2000 — has a registered membership of 6.0 million Swedish citizens as of 2017, equal to 59.3% of the total population. One reason for the high membership might be the fact that until 1996 all newborns with

Sweden () is the largest Christian church in Sweden, and also the largest religious body. The church professes the Lutheran faith and is a member of the Porvoo Communion. As of 2017 it has 5,993,368 members, 59.3% of the Swedish population, although surveys show different figures, ranging from 24% to 41% to 52.1%. Until 2000 it held the position of state religion, and most Swedes were baptised at birth. The number of both new baptisms and members has declined since. Indeed, according to official statistics, as of 2016: The Church of Sweden, by law, is organized in the following manner:

survey held among about 500 working-age, internet connected people in Sweden, only 24% of the participants claim to believe in Protestantism. 45% of the participants claim not to have any religious or spiritual belief, of whom 33% are atheists and 13% are agnostics. 13% say that they hold spiritual beliefs but they are not religious. Immigration and conversion has brought into Sweden a variety of religions from the East, including Islam (3%) and Buddhism (1%), but also new populations of Catholics (4%), and Orthodox Christianity (3%). Eight recognized religious denominations, in addition to the Church of Sweden, raise revenues through

communities as well. Synagogues can be found in Stockholm (which has two Orthodox and one Conservative synagogue), Göteborg (one Orthodox and one Conservative synagogue), Malmö (one Orthodox synagogue), and in Norrköping (although the Norrköping community is too small to perform regular services). Religion in Sweden Religion in Sweden is diversified. Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Swedish population from the 12th to the early 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the late 20th and early 21st century. In 2015, legally registered Christians comprised 69.9% of the total population. The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which

at least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, for the most recent years even 2%, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000. Prior to their Christianisation that became complete around the 12th century, the Swedes practised forms of Norse religion. At first they became part of the Catholic Church; then, from the 1530s, Sweden switched to Lutheranism as part of the Protestant Reformation which converted most of Germanic Europe; the Church of Sweden was formed and

5% of the total population, while there were only 139,759 formally affiliated Muslims in 2015. As of 2016, 3% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden claimed to be believers in Islam. The Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities estimates about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden by halakhic criteria. Of them, about 8,302 were members of a Jewish religious congregation in 2015. Stockholm has the largest community and boasts a primary school, a kindergarten, a library, a bi-monthly publication (""Judisk Krönika"") and a weekly Jewish radio program. Other cities like Malmö, Gothenburg, Borås, Helsingborg, Lund, and Uppsala have Jewish

freedoms enumerated in the constitution include the rights to practice one's religion and protection of religious freedom. The laws concerning religious freedoms are generally observed and enforced at all government levels and by the courts in a non-discriminatory fashion. Legal protections cover discrimination or persecution by private actors. In the early 2000s about 85% of Swedes still belonged to the Church of Sweden. By the end of 2017, this figure had fallen to 59.3%. The percentage of Swedes belonging to the Church of Sweden is decreasing yearly by more than one percent. In the year 2016, according to an online

remained the official religion of the Christian state until the turn of the 21st century. The 21st century brought with itself a rapid decline of Christianity overall, the disestablishment of the Church of Sweden, and the modest growth of other religions, often brought by waves of immigration from outside the country. These last include Islam, Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and other Eastern religions. Before the 11th century, Swedes practised Norse religion, worshipping a variety of Germanic deities. An important religious centre was the Temple at Uppsala. The shape and location of this temple is sparsely documented, but it is

for 4% of the working-age, internet connected population, while the Pew Research Center found a percentage of 1.2% in April 2016. According to the ""2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses"", there are 22,730 active members in Sweden, and 36,270 people attended their annual memorial of Christ's death. This number includes active members and guests. As of 2016, 1% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden declared to be Jehovah's Witnesses. Multiple Orthodox jurisdictions exist in Sweden, including but not limited to the Greek and Serbian Orthodox Churches. There is also a substantial presence of Coptic and Ethiopian Christians. The Serbian

"The Danish Girl (film)"
from the original.Filming began in February 2015, where Redmayne was spotted on set. Filming also took place at Nyhavn, where the iconic waterfront was transformed to look like Copenhagen in the 1930s. Sets for the Danish and Paris flats were built in the Elstree Studios in London and additional shooting took place in Copenhagen and Brussels. Production on the film concluded on 12 April 2015. Filming took 44 days for the 186 scenes in six countries. Post-production ended in September 2015. According to composer, Alexandre Desplat, post-production was very fast, with the film being cut as Desplat was writing the

lead. On 19 June 2014, Alicia Vikander was announced in the cast. On 8 January 2015, Matthias Schoenaerts joined the cast. Filming was projected to start in Spring 2010 in Berlin. Coxon revealed to ""Creative Screenwriting"" that, when filming finally began with Hooper, he actually filmed an older version of the script:We had probably gone through 20 drafts before landing Tom Hooper. In fact, the one we shot was actually an early revised draft that Tom had read back in 2008. I did a fairly large rewrite for Tom, but in the end, we used a version with little revision

the role of Gerda Wegener. On 11 June 2010, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" revealed that the film had received €1.2 million ($1.5 million) in subsidy financing from Germany's NRW Film Board. The conditions of the deal include the planned 19-day shoot in Germany. In February 2011, ""Screen Daily"" reported that the film would begin shooting in July of the same year and that Rachel Weisz would play Wegener. In May, it was revealed that both Weisz and Hallström had left the project. On 28 April 2014, it was announced that Tom Hooper would direct the film with Eddie Redmayne as the

shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released in a limited release on 27 November 2015 by Focus Features in the United States. The film was released on 1 January 2016, in the United Kingdom, with Universal Pictures International handling international distribution. The film received some criticism for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events, but Redmayne and Vikander's performances received widespread acclaim and nominations for all of the major acting awards. Vikander won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Redmayne was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

it is a very dangerous operation that has never been attempted before, and Lili would be one of the first to undergo it. Lili immediately agrees and, soon after, travels to Germany to begin the surgery. Lili eventually dies of complications from the surgery. The film ends with Gerda and Hans on a hilltop back in Denmark, in front of the five trees Lili had painted. The scarf that Lili had originally given Gerda, and that had subsequently been given back and forth several times, is carried away on the wind, dancing. Screenwriter Lucinda Coxon worked on the screenplay for

rather than a friendship, because he saw Lili and Gerda as the loves of each other's lives. He took the script in that direction to protect the importance of their relationship. In an interview with MTV International, Vikander revealed that two scenes featuring Amber Heard dancing were cut from the film, as well as stating the first cut for the film was over 2 hours. On 4 March 2015, Focus Features set the film for a limited release on 27 November 2015. The film had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice Film Festival on 5 September 2015. Universal Pictures

The Danish Girl (film) The Danish Girl is a 2015 romantic drama film directed by Tom Hooper, based on the 2000 novel of the same name by David Ebershoff, and loosely inspired by the lives of Danish painters Lili Elbe and Gerda Wegener. The film stars Eddie Redmayne as Elbe, one of the first known recipients of sex reassignment surgery, Alicia Vikander as Wegener, and Sebastian Koch as Kurt Warnekros, with Ben Whishaw, Amber Heard, and Matthias Schoenaerts in supporting roles. The film was screened in the main competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, and it was

It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. In mid-1920s Copenhagen, portrait artist Gerda Wegener asks her husband, popular landscape artist Einar Wegener, to stand in for a female model who is late to come to their flat to pose for a painting she's working on. The act of posing as a female figure unmasks Einar's life-long identification as a woman, who names herself Lili Elbe. This sets off a progression, first tentative and then irreversible, of leaving behind the identity as Einar, which she has struggled to maintain all her life. This takes place as

a historical trans person, and for being based on a fictional book that does not tell the true story of Lili and Gerda Wegener. Alicia Vikander was awarded the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film, the film's only Oscar win out of the four nominations, a decision that the Academy was heavily criticized for as Vikander has about 1 hour of screen-time which is 50% of the film's run-time which qualifies her for a Best Actress Oscar. It was actually a decision made by the film's distributor, Focus Features, to campaign Vikander for the

handled distribution in other territories outside the U.S., with a release on 1 January 2016, in the United Kingdom. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 1 March 2016 in the United States. The first image of Redmayne as Lili Elbe was revealed on 26 February 2015. A pair of posters of Redmayne and Vikander were then released in August, On 1 September 2015, the first trailer was released. on 19 November 2015, The first clip from the film was released. ""The Danish Girl"" has grossed $11.1 million in North America and $53.1 million in other territories for

"500 Days of Summer"
reading Alain de Botton's ""The Architecture of Happiness"". The film was originally set in San Francisco but was later moved to Los Angeles and the script rewritten to make better use of the location. Buildings used include the Los Angeles Music Center (which includes the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion) and the towers of California Plaza. The older Fine Arts Building is featured in the film, in a scene where Tom shows it to Summer and mentions its designers, Walker and Eisen, two of his favorite architects, although he incorrectly gives the partners' names as ""Walker and Eisner."" Christopher Hawthorne of the

500 Days of Summer 500 Days of Summer (stylized as (500) Days of Summer) is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film by first time director Marc Webb from a screenplay written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber, and produced by Mark Waters. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zooey Deschanel, and employs a nonlinear narrative structure, with the story based upon its male protagonist and his memories of a failed relationship. As an independent production, the film was picked up for distribution by Fox Searchlight Pictures and premiered at the 25th Sundance Film Festival. It garnered favorable reviews and

"400 Days (film)"
trust and unsure if it was all just an elaborate ruse. The puzzle aspect of the movie will be challenging to some, but I wanted to echo Rod Serling and trust in the idea that it's okay for the audience to not have all the answers—to be comfortable with the unknown. The film was shot over a period of 19 days in several locations throughout Southern California during summer 2014. Distribution of ""400 Days"" was handled by XLrator Media as well as Syfy films, the latter for which the movie served as an inaugural release for the studio. The film

nostalgic ambiance) into one eclectic track list."" The second album consists of the film's musical score, composed by Mychael Danna and Rob Simonsen. 500 Days of Summer 500 Days of Summer (stylized as (500) Days of Summer) is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film by first time director Marc Webb from a screenplay written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber, and produced by Mark Waters. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zooey Deschanel, and employs a nonlinear narrative structure, with the story based upon its male protagonist and his memories of a failed relationship. As an independent production, the

film also being named in the Top Ten Films of the Year), as well as the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Screenplay. Alan Edward Bell won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Editing, as well as the film being named one of the ten best movies of the year by the National Board of Review Awards 2009. The film also received two nominations at the 67th Golden Globe Awards announced on December 15, 2009, for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and for Joseph Gordon-Levitt for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy. It

by Deschanel's folk group She & Him. Webb remarked, ""when we didn't include Zooey in the dance sequence [in ""500 Days""], she was a little heartbroken and I felt like I needed to remedy that."" The film made its debut at the 25th Sundance Film Festival. It proved a huge success and received a standing ovation from festival crowds upon screening. In Europe, ""500 Days of Summer"" premiered in Switzerland as the opening film of the 62nd Locarno Film Festival. Filmed independently, it was picked up for distribution by Fox Searchlight Pictures and opened in the United States and Canada

"The Florida Project"
Highway 192 in Kissimmee, nearly six miles away from the Walt Disney World Resort. Baker filmed the final scene at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom Park clandestinely, using an iPhone 6S Plus without Disney's knowledge. To maintain secrecy, the filming at the resort used only the bare minimum crew, including Baker, Bergoch, cinematographer Alexis Zabe, acting coach Samantha Quan, Cotto, Prince, and the girls' guardians. Baker intended the ending to be left up to audience interpretation: ""We've been watching Moonee use her imagination and wonderment throughout the entire film to make the best of the situation she's in—she can't go

on July 17, 2009, later expanding to wide release on August 7, 2009. It was later also released on September 2, 2009, in Ireland and the United Kingdom, and opened in Australia on September 17, 2009. Upon the film's initial limited release in the U.S, it was expected to become the ""breakout indie hit of the summer"". Later, during its full opening weekend, the film grossed twenty-seven times its original budget cost, making it one of the most successful ""sleeper hits"" of the year. By September 8, the film had taken in $1.9 million from 318 screens in the United

"Dakota's Summer"
in the movie, opposite Haley Ramm. The film was originally planned to be filmed in Texas but producer Ben Feingold took the decision to relocate the production to Louisiana just weeks before shooting was due to begin because of tax credit incentives offered by the state. Much of the filming took place in the town of Keachi. The horse-riding stunts featured in the film were performed by Texas based all-female trick-riding group 'The Dynamite Dames'. Country artist Amber Hayes recorded a cover version of ""Cotton-Eyed Joe"" for the film, produced by Charles Kelley. The singer appears in a cameo role

became a successful ""sleeper hit"", earning over $60 million in worldwide returns, far exceeding its $7.5 million budget. Many critics lauded the film as one of the best from 2009 and drew comparisons to other acclaimed films such as ""Annie Hall"" (1977) and ""High Fidelity"" (2000). The film received Best Original Screenplay and Best Screenplay awards at the 14th Satellite Awards and 25th Independent Spirit Awards, respectively, as well as two nominations at the 67th Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Musical or Comedy (Gordon-Levitt). On January 8, Tom Hansen meets Summer

"Everywhere (Michelle Branch song)"
Everywhere (Michelle Branch song) ""Everywhere"" is a single released by American singer-songwriter Michelle Branch. It was written by Branch and John Shanks for her debut album, ""The Spirit Room"" (2001). The song was produced by John Shanks and was released in July 2001 by Maverick Records. The song received positive reviews from critics praising its lyrical content and Branch's vocal performance. The song attained moderate success, reaching the top 20 in Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There are two music videos for the song, one features Branch singing the song inside a rundown

"Everywhere (Fleetwood Mac song)"
Everywhere (Fleetwood Mac song) ""Everywhere"" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac from their fourteenth studio album ""Tango in the Night"" (1987). It was written by Fleetwood Mac member Christine McVie, who also performs lead vocals on the song. ""Everywhere"" was released as the fourth single from ""Tango in the Night"" on November 28, 1987 in the United States, where it reached number 14 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and number one on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart, remaining there for three weeks. ""Everywhere"" was released in the United Kingdom on 21 March 1988 and reached number

"Everywhere (Tim McGraw song)"
of Ramey & Browning in Houston, Texas. ""Everywhere"" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 5, 1997. Everywhere (Tim McGraw song) ""Everywhere"" is a song written by Mike Reid and Craig Wiseman, and performed by American country music singer Tim McGraw. It was released in July 1997 as the second single from his album of the same name. The song reached the top of the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart in Canada. Despite reaching Number One

Everywhere (Tim McGraw song) ""Everywhere"" is a song written by Mike Reid and Craig Wiseman, and performed by American country music singer Tim McGraw. It was released in July 1997 as the second single from his album of the same name. The song reached the top of the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart in Canada. Despite reaching Number One on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (Now Hot Country Songs), the song did not appear on McGraw's ""Greatest Hits"" album. It did, however, later appear on his

two in December 2001, behind Alicia Keys' ""Fallin'"". ""Everywhere"" also reached the top 20 in United Kingdom and Australia, where it was her only single that cracked the top 20. ""Everywhere"" has been covered by numerous artists, including Yellowcard, Sara Lumholdt and Master Blaster. ""Everywhere"" won ""Viewer's Choice Award"" in the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards. Everywhere (Michelle Branch song) ""Everywhere"" is a single released by American singer-songwriter Michelle Branch. It was written by Branch and John Shanks for her debut album, ""The Spirit Room"" (2001). The song was produced by John Shanks and was released in July 2001 by

""Say You Love Me"" from Fleetwood Mac's tenth studio album ""Fleetwood Mac"" (1975). The music video of the song is a visual depiction of the poem ""The Highwayman"" by Alfred Noyes. There are two versions of the video; one features the story with members of the band appearing throughout, while the other does not feature the band at all. UK 12"" single (Warner Bros. Records W8143T) Everywhere (Fleetwood Mac song) ""Everywhere"" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac from their fourteenth studio album ""Tango in the Night"" (1987). It was written by Fleetwood Mac member Christine McVie, who

the slashing electric guitars and gang-harmony vocals come in, and before long she’s belting out an unforgettable dream-pop chorus. It’s a flawless pop production and an auspicious chart debut."" ""Everywhere"" peaked at number 12 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on the week ending November 10, 2001. The song stayed on the charts for 20 weeks. The song became Branch's first top 20 hit, as well as her third highest peaking single, after ""The Game of Love"" and ""All You Wanted"". ""Everywhere"" remains Branch's most successful single worldwide. It charted the highest in New Zealand, where it peaked at number

"Here, There and Everywhere"
Here, There and Everywhere ""Here, There and Everywhere"" is a song written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon–McCartney), released on the Beatles' 1966 album ""Revolver"". McCartney includes it among his personal favourites of all the songs he has written. The composition has received similar praise from the Beatles' producer George Martin, and McCartney's former bandmate John Lennon. In 2000, ""Mojo"" ranked it 4th in the magazine's list of the greatest songs of all time. The Beatles recorded ""Here, There and Everywhere"" in June 1966, toward the end of the sessions for ""Revolver"". Having recently attended a listening party for the

second Greatest Hits package, """". The narrator describes a former significant other and her decision to end their relationship after a disagreement over their future together as a couple. She has opted to stay and live in the small community in which they were both born and raised, while he has chosen to live a life on the road (it is not specified whether his exact choice of lifestyle is that of a drifter or a long-distance truck driver, though the song's video indicates the former). Almost from the instant that the narrator begins his traveling life, he claims that

he sees his significant other, albeit in spirit, appearing in every destination in North America that he visits. Furthermore, whenever he does return to their hometown, he is regularly informed by its residents of her new life - she has married another man and they have subsequently started a family together. And although the narrator reaches the conclusion that his significant other is no longer in his life, he nevertheless proclaims that he will eternally carry her spirit with him in his travels with great emotion just as he always has. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song

"Living on a Thin Line"
""Living on a Thin Line"" was first released on ""Word Of Mouth"", but has since been released as a 12-inch promotional radio single (backed with ""Sold Me Out"") in America, and on numerous compilation albums, such as ""Come Dancing with the Kinks"", ""Lost & Found (1986-1989)"", ""The Ultimate Collection"", and ""Picture Book"". The song has also been played live by both The Kinks and Dave Davies. The song, despite not having much commercial success, has become a fan-favorite. The track was played three times in ""The Sopranos""' 2001 episode ""University"". Producer Terence Winter has said that it is the series'

"Walk a Thin Line"
Walk a Thin Line ""Walk a Thin Line"" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released in 1979. Composed and sung by guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was one of the nine songs he wrote for the ""Tusk"" album. Along with ""Angel"" and title track, ""Walk a Thin Line"" was one of the later songs written and recorded for ""Tusk"". The song was inspired by a Charlie Watts drum fill on ""Sway"", off the Rolling Stones album ""Sticky Fingers"". This drum fill caught Buckingham's interest, and intended to feature the fill on one of his on ""Tusk"" songs. Buckingham

to play slide guitar. Walk a Thin Line ""Walk a Thin Line"" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released in 1979. Composed and sung by guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was one of the nine songs he wrote for the ""Tusk"" album. Along with ""Angel"" and title track, ""Walk a Thin Line"" was one of the later songs written and recorded for ""Tusk"". The song was inspired by a Charlie Watts drum fill on ""Sway"", off the Rolling Stones album ""Sticky Fingers"". This drum fill caught Buckingham's interest, and intended to feature the fill on one of his

"Hold the Line"
Hold the Line ""Hold the Line"" is a song by the American rock band Toto. The song was written by the band's keyboardist David Paich, and the lead vocals were performed by Bobby Kimball. The song was released as the band's debut single, and was featured on their debut 1978 eponymous album. The song was a huge success in the U.S.; it reached number 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart during the winter of 1978–79, and number 14 on the official UK chart. Jeff Porcaro, the band's drummer, gave a definition for the song: ""'Hold the Line' was a

"Carlene Carter"
tape collection in Hendersonville and uncovered in 2003. It was then remastered by her brother John Carter Cash. In the remastered version John added his and his wife Laura's (her sister-in-law) backing vocals and a guest appearance from Carlene herself—more than 25 years after she wrote and recorded the song. On June 26, 2001, a New Mexico police officer pulled over Carter and Epstein. A search of the vehicle revealed that it was stolen and drugs were found. In 2005, she was played by Victoria Hester in the movie ""Walk the Line"". On August 8, 2009, Carlene Carter played a

2 T-6 Texan trainers and a B-25 Mitchell bomber. The coin toss ceremony featured youth football players from Jacksonville: Tyler Callahan, Tyler Deal, Lawrence McCauley, and Jacob Santana; and New Orleans NFL Junior Player Development coach Tamaris Jackson. They were billed as the first non-celebrities to participate in the coin toss. For the third straight year, each team took the field ""en masse,"" following a tradition the Patriots had started in Super Bowl XXXVI. In prerecorded video segments, Andover, Massachusetts native Michael Chiklis introduced the Patriots, and Philadelphia-born Will Smith introduced the Eagles. Paul McCartney performed during the halftime show;

Schadenfreude
Schadenfreude Schadenfreude (; ; 'harm-joy') is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, or humiliation of another. It is one of four related emotions or concepts. Schadenfreude is a complex negative emotion. Rather than feeling sympathy towards someone's misfortune, schadenfreude evokes joyful feelings that take pleasure from watching someone fail. This emotion is displayed more in children than adults, however adults also experience schadenfreude, they are just better at concealing their expressions. ""Schadenfreude"" is borrowed from German; it is a compound of ""Schaden"", ""damage, harm"", and ""Freude"", ""joy"". The German

to a third party). Also, unlike ""Schadenfreude"", where the focus is on another's misfortune, gloating often brings to mind inappropriately celebrating or bragging about one's own good fortune without any particular focus on the misfortune of others. Permutations of the concept of pleasure at another's unhappiness are: pleasure at another's happiness, displeasure at another's happiness, and displeasure at another's unhappiness. Words for these concepts are sometimes cited as antonyms to ""Schadenfreude"", as each is the opposite in some way. Pleasure at another's happiness is described by the Buddhist concept of ""mudita"" or the concept of ""compersion"" in the polyamory community.

"Robert Vischer"
to architectural form, and related concepts were certainly already in the air. Indeed, the phrase ""sich einfühlen"" was used by Herder in the 18th century. Nonetheless, Robert Vischer’s exploration was the first significant discussion of the concept of ""Einfühlung"" under that precise name. Robert Vischer Robert Vischer (22 February 1847, Tübingen – 25 March 1933, Vienna) was a German philosopher who invented the term ""Einfühlung"" (esthetic sympathy, later translated in English as empathy), which was to be promoted by Theodor Lipps, Freud's admired philosopher. Vischer postulated the as yet undescribed distinction between ""verstehen"" and ""Einfühlung"" (“in-feeling” or “feeling-into”) in his

"German collective guilt"
German collective guilt German collective guilt refers to the notion of a collective guilt attributed to Germany and its people for perpetrating the Holocaust and starting World War II. Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung wrote an influential essay in 1945 about this concept as a psychological phenomenon, in which he asserted that the German people felt a collective guilt (""Kollektivschuld"") for the atrocities committed by their fellow countrymen, and so introduced the term into German intellectual discourse. Jung said collective guilt was ""for psychologists a fact, and it will be one of the most important tasks of therapy to bring the

Displeasure at another's happiness is involved in envy, and perhaps in jealousy. The recent coinage ""freudenschade"" similarly means sorrow at another's success. Displeasure at another's unhappiness is sympathy, pity, or compassion. ""Sadism"" is pleasure derived from the ""infliction"" of pain, whereas schadenfreude is pleasure on ""observing"" misfortune and in particular the fact that the other somehow deserved the misfortune. Neologisms and portmanteau words were coined from the word as early as 1993, when Lincoln Caplan, in his book ""Skadden: Power, Money, and the Rise of a Legal Empire"", used the word ""Skaddenfreude"" to describe the delight that competitors of Skadden

"Angst und Vorurteil"
earlier. According to ""Angst und Vorurteil"", an important derivational motivation of ""Leibfeindlichkeit"" was an intense connotation that was at first numinous, then mythological, then religious in nature, of sexual deviance with divine punishments for it, particularly natural disasters and epidemics. An obvious, exemplary line originated from the Old Testament where leprosy was God's just answer to sensual sins, especially sins of the flesh; by the Medieval Age, the Black Death had taken the former place of leprosy in ecclesiastical dogma. Just when early science dawned, syphilis came from across the ocean to the Old World, perpetuating the ancient cultural notions

Sonderbehandlung
Sonderbehandlung Sonderbehandlung (, ""special treatment"") is any sort of preferential treatment, but is known primarily as a euphemism for mass murder used by Nazi functionaries and the SS, who commonly used the abbreviation S.B. in documentation. It first came to prominence during Action T4, where SS doctors killed mentally ill and disabled patients between 1939 and 1941, and was one of a number of nonspecific words the Nazis used to document mass murder and genocide. Another notable example was ""Sonderbehandlung 14f13"". This term was also used to imprecisely refer to the equipment used to perpetrate their crimes, such as gas

Pain
comes from the Old French ""peine"", in turn from Latin ""poena"" meaning ""punishment, penalty"" (in L.L. also meaning ""torment, hardship, suffering"") and that from Greek ποινή (""poine""), generally meaning ""price paid, penalty, punishment"". Pain Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition defines pain as ""an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage""; however, due to it being a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. In medical diagnosis, pain is

to begrudgery, the resentment or envy of the success of a peer. If someone were to feel joy by the victim’s fall from grace, they would be experiencing ""Schadenfreude"". A ""Roman holiday"" is a metaphor from Byron's poem ""Childe Harold's Pilgrimage"", where a gladiator in ancient Rome expects to be ""butchered to make a Roman holiday"" while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering. The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment. ""Morose delectation"" (""delectatio morosa"" in Latin), meaning ""the habit of dwelling with enjoyment on evil thoughts"". was considered by the medieval church to

"Psychological pain"
Psychological pain Psychological pain, mental pain, or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling (a suffering) of a psychological, non-physical origin. A pioneer in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as ""how much you hurt as a human being. It is mental suffering; mental torment."" There is no shortage in the many ways psychological pain is referred to, and using a different word usually reflects an emphasis on a particular aspect of mind life. Technical terms include algopsychalia and psychalgia, but it may also be called mental pain, emotional pain, psychic pain, social pain, spiritual or soul pain,

"Kirsten Vangsness"
Kirsten Vangsness Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series ""Criminal Minds"". She portrayed the same character on the spin-off series """". Vangsness was born in Pasadena, California, the daughter of Errol Leroy Vangsness and Barbara Mary (née Marconi). She was raised in Porterville, California, and later moved to Cerritos, California. She graduated from Cerritos High School in June 1990 and attended Cypress College. She later graduated from California State University, Fullerton in June 1995. Vangsness got into acting as a

queer as a purple unicorn singing Madonna"". She began dating film and television editor Melanie Goldstein in 2006. They were engaged, but separated in 2013. In November 2015, it was reported that she was engaged to her boyfriend, actor and writer Keith Hanson. Kirsten Vangsness Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series ""Criminal Minds"". She portrayed the same character on the spin-off series """". Vangsness was born in Pasadena, California, the daughter of Errol Leroy Vangsness and Barbara Mary (née

"Penelope Garcia"
Penelope Garcia Penelope Grace Garcia is a fictional character on the CBS crime dramas ""Criminal Minds"" and its short-lived spin-off """", portrayed by Kirsten Vangsness. She is the technical analyst of the Behavioral Analysis Unit that is the center of both shows. She also made a guest appearance during of """", making her the only character in the franchise to appear in all three series in the franchise. Garcia is from San Francisco, San Francisco County, California. A drunk driver killed her parents in a car accident when she was eighteen, and she now helps counsel the families of murder

"Roselyn Sánchez"
2017). Sánchez is a supporter of animal rights and an active member of PETA. She recently appeared nude in a PETA ad in support of anti-fur campaign efforts. She is the spokesperson of the ""Fundación de Niños San Jorge"", which assists sick children from poor families. Roselyn Sánchez Roselyn Sánchez (born April 2, 1973) is a Puerto Rican singer/songwriter, model, actress, producer and writer. On television, she is best known for her roles as Elena Delgado on the CBS police procedural ""Without a Trace"" (2005–09), and as Carmen Luna on the Lifetime comedy-drama ""Devious Maids"" (2013–16). In film, Sánchez has

a man with whom she had just gone on a date, but survived when the bullet missed her heart and ricocheted into her abdomen. The attacker (who turned out to be a type of serial killer known as a 'hero homicide') was later killed. After this incident, Morgan insisted she keep a gun; however, it is never shown whether she took this advice. She was romantically involved with fellow FBI Technical Analyst Kevin Lynch (played by Nicholas Brendon). Garcia seems to have been the one most hurt by JJ transferring out of the Behavioral Analysis Unit. In the Season 6

"Lauren Vélez"
Crystal in the independent feature film, ""Serial"". In 2010, she received the Rita Moreno HOLA Award for Excellence from the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors (HOLA). Lauren Vélez Lauren Luna Vélez (born November 2, 1964) is an American actress and the twin sister of actress Lorraine Vélez. Her most notable roles are as María LaGuerta on Showtime's ""Dexter"", Detective Nina Moreno on Fox's ""New York Undercover"", Dr. Gloria Nathan on HBO's prison drama ""Oz"", and Elena on ABC's comedy-drama ""Ugly Betty"". Lauren's parents moved from Puerto Rico in the early 1950s and lived in Brooklyn, a borough of New York

Roselyn Sánchez Roselyn Sánchez (born April 2, 1973) is a Puerto Rican singer/songwriter, model, actress, producer and writer. On television, she is best known for her roles as Elena Delgado on the CBS police procedural ""Without a Trace"" (2005–09), and as Carmen Luna on the Lifetime comedy-drama ""Devious Maids"" (2013–16). In film, Sánchez has appeared in ""Rush Hour 2"" (2001), ""Boat Trip"" (2002), ""The Game Plan"" (2007), and ""Act of Valor"" (2012). Sánchez (birth name: Roselyn Milagros Sánchez Rodríguez in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is the youngest of four siblings, having three older brothers. She received her primary education in

"Lourdes Benedicto"
Lourdes Benedicto Lourdes Benedicto (born November 12, 1974) is an American actress of Filipino and Spanish descent. She is perhaps best known for her starring roles on the television series ""24"" as , as Eva Rios on ""The Nine"", and for her role as Alicia Lawson on the short-lived series ""Cashmere Mafia"". Benedicto was born in Brooklyn, New York. She graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She has had recurring roles on ""NYPD Blue"", ""ER"" and ""Dawson's Creek"". She was a main cast member on the first season of the television series ""V"", playing the character Valerie Stevens.

Lauren Vélez Lauren Luna Vélez (born November 2, 1964) is an American actress and the twin sister of actress Lorraine Vélez. Her most notable roles are as María LaGuerta on Showtime's ""Dexter"", Detective Nina Moreno on Fox's ""New York Undercover"", Dr. Gloria Nathan on HBO's prison drama ""Oz"", and Elena on ABC's comedy-drama ""Ugly Betty"". Lauren's parents moved from Puerto Rico in the early 1950s and lived in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, where she and her twin sister, Loraine Vélez, were born. The twins have five other sisters and one brother. Lauren's father, a New York City

"Terri Hoyos"
Terri Hoyos Teresa Victoria ""Terri"" Hoyos is an American actress. Hoyos was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. She is of Mexican descent and is the daughter of actor Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr. In the 1980s, she began her career as a makeup artist, and later trained in acting at LACC Theatre Arts Academy. Hoyos made her screen debut in 1984, with a small part in the film ""Crimes of Passion"", and later had guest starring roles on ""Hill Street Blues"", ""Gimme a Break!"", ""Cheers"", ""ER"", ""Dharma & Greg"", ""Frasier"", ""NYPD Blue"", ""Parks and Recreation"", and ""Modern Family"". She also

six ball over. The 1947 ""Laws of Cricket"" allowed six or eight balls depending on the conditions of play. Since the 1979/80 Australian and New Zealand seasons, the six balls per over has been used worldwide and the most recent version of the Laws in 2000 only permits six ball overs. When the Imperial Cricket Conference (as it was originally called) was founded in 1909, only England, Australia and South Africa were members. West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1930) and India (1932) became Test nations before World War II and Pakistan (1952) soon afterwards. The international game grew with several

and then this was changed to the current six balls per over in 1900. Subsequently, some countries experimented with eight balls per over. In 1922, the number of balls per over was changed from six to eight in Australia only. In 1924 the eight balls per over was extended to New Zealand and in 1937 to South Africa. In England, the eight balls per over was adopted experimentally for the 1939 season; the intention was to continue the experiment in 1940, but first-class cricket was suspended for the Second World War and when it resumed, English cricket reverted to the

"Bowling (cricket)"
shape. The weight of the ball was limited to between five and a half and five and three-quarter ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches. The latter ruling followed an innings by a batter called Thomas ""Daddy"" White, who appeared with a bat the width of the wicket. In 1774, the first leg before law was published. Also around this time, a third stump became commonplace. By 1780, the duration of a first-class cricket match was generally three days, and this year also saw the creation of the first six-seam cricket ball. In 1788, the MCC published

London. A summary of the main points ""vis-à-vis"" the 1744 code: The main innovation was the introduction of leg before wicket (lbw) as a means of dismissal. The practice of stopping the ball with the leg had arisen as a negative response to the pitched delivery. As in 1744, there is nothing about the bowler's delivery action. The maximum width of the bat was confirmed following the incident in 1771. As in 1744, the 1774 code asserted that ""the stumps must be twenty-two inches, the bail six inches long"". There were only two stumps then, with a single bail. At

"Fielding restrictions (cricket)"
is the first block of 10). Powerplays were first encountered in the One Day International between England and Australia on 7 July 2005. For the rest of the innings, a more generous maximum of five fielders in the outfield applies. Fielding restrictions were first introduced in the Australian 1980-81 season. By 1992, only two fieldsmen were allowed outside the circle in the first fifteen overs, then five fieldsmen allowed outside the circle for the remaining overs. This was shortened to ten overs in 2005, and two five-over powerplays were introduced, with the bowling team having discretion over the timing for

players. As a result, it was decided by the game's lawmakers that the maximum width of the bat must be four and one quarter inches; this was included in the next revision of the Laws and it remains the maximum width. On Friday, 25 February 1774, the Laws were revised by a committee meeting at the ""Star and Garter"". Chaired by Sir William Draper, the members included prominent cricket patrons the 3rd Duke of Dorset, the 4th Earl of Tankerville, Charles Powlett, Philip Dehany and Sir Horatio Mann. The clubs and counties represented were Kent, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex and

"Over (cricket)"
bowling pattern and tire the fielders by making them reposition themselves frequently. Since 1979/80, all Test cricket has been played with six balls per over. However, overs in Test cricket originally had four balls per over, and there have been varying numbers of balls per over around the world up to 1979/80, generally the same as the number of balls per over in force in other first-class cricket in that country. Prior to the Laws of Cricket (1980 Code), law 17.1 (Number of balls [in the over]) did not explicitly specify the number of balls to be bowled in an

out of the ground, the bail six inches in length"". These were the overall dimensions and the requirement for a third stump was unspecified, indicating that its use was still not universal. The 1788 code is much more detailed and descriptive than the 1774 code but, fundamentally, they are largely the same. The main difference was in the wording of the lbw Law. In 1774, this said that the batsman is out if, ""with design"", he prevents the ball hitting the wicket with his leg. In 1788, the ""with design"" clause was omitted and a new clause was introduced that

of Agreement to determine the code of practice in a particular game and this became a common feature, especially around payment of stake money and distributing the winnings given the importance of gambling. In 1744, the ""Laws of Cricket"" were codified for the first time and then amended in 1774, when innovations such as lbw, middle stump and maximum bat width were added. These laws stated that ""the principals shall choose from amongst the gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes"". The codes were drawn up by the so-called ""Star and Garter Club"" whose members ultimately founded

"History of cricket to 1725"
is derived from the French ""battledore"", shaped like a table tennis bat, which was used by washerwomen to beat their washing with. The earliest reference to the cricket ball is found in 1658 in ""Mysteries of Love and Eloquence"" by Edward Phillips. The pitch has been 22 yards long (i.e., a chain) since the first known code of Laws in 1744 and it is believed this length had been in use since the introduction of Gunter's chain in 1620. The over consisted of four deliveries until the 19th century. The earliest known reference to the wicket is contained in lines

"Soviet Union"
1989, with 80% of the population living in the western, European part of the country. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s.

molding Soviet society. Stalin's brutal methods in achieving his goals, which included party purges, political repression of the general population, and forced collectivization, led to millions of deaths: in Gulag labor camps and during man-made famine. World War II, known as ""the Great Patriotic War"" in the Soviet Union, devastated much of the USSR, with about one out of every three World War II deaths representing a citizen of the Soviet Union. After World War II, the Soviet Union's armies occupied Eastern Europe, where they established or supported puppet Communist regimes. By 1949, the Cold War had started between the

Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, starting what was known in the USSR as the ""Great Patriotic War"". The Red Army stopped the seemingly invincible German Army at the Battle of Moscow, aided by an unusually harsh winter. The Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from late 1942 to early 1943, dealt a severe blow to the Germans from which they never fully recovered and became a turning point in the war. After Stalingrad, Soviet forces drove through Eastern Europe to Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945. The German Army suffered 80% of its military deaths in the Eastern Front. The

expelled from the Central Committee and forced into exile. In 1928, Stalin introduced the first five-year plan for building a socialist economy. In place of the internationalism expressed by Lenin throughout the Revolution, it aimed to build Socialism in One Country. In industry, the state assumed control over all existing enterprises and undertook an intensive program of industrialization. In agriculture, rather than adhering to the ""lead by example"" policy advocated by Lenin, forced collectivization of farms was implemented all over the country. Famines ensued, causing millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced

1906 after the Russian Revolution of 1905, but Tsar Nicholas II resisted attempts to move from absolute to constitutional monarchy. Social unrest continued and was aggravated during World War I by military defeat and food shortages in major cities. A spontaneous popular uprising in Petrograd, in response to the wartime decay of Russia's economy and morale, culminated in the February Revolution and the toppling of the imperial government in March 1917. The tsarist autocracy was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government, which intended to conduct elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and to continue fighting on the side of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union

"History of the Soviet Union (1964–82)"
system, and living space remained rather small by First World standards, with the common Soviet citizen living in . At the same time thousands of Moscow inhabitants were homeless, most of them living in shacks, doorways, and parked trams. Authorities often conducted sweeps of movie theaters, restaurants, and saunas to locate people slacking off from work, particularly during major events like the 1980 Summer Olympics that attracted large numbers of foreign visitors. Nutrition ceased to improve in the late 1970s, with rationing of staple food products returning to locales such as Sverdlovsk. Environmental damage and pollution became a growing problem

"History of the Soviet Union"
tons [of oil] over the plan."" Former prime minister Yegor Gaidar, an economist looking back three decades, in 2007 wrote: The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991, spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, economic growth stagnated. Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of the United States against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Baltic republics and

"History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)"
forcible seizure of agricultural surpluses. In the cities there were intense food shortages and a breakdown in the money system (at the time many Bolsheviks argued that ending money's role as a transmitter of ""value"" was a sign of the rapidly approaching communist epoch). Many city dwellers fled to the countryside – often to tend the land that the Bolshevik breakup of the landed estates had transferred to the peasants. Even small scale ""capitalist"" production was suppressed. The Kronstadt rebellion signaled the growing unpopularity of War Communism in the countryside: in March 1921, at the end of the civil war,

History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953) The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. He sought to destroy his enemies while transforming Soviet society with aggressive economic planning, in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture and rapid development of heavy industry. Stalin consolidated his power within the party and the state and fostered an extensive cult of personality. Soviet secret-police and the mass-mobilization Communist Party served as Stalin's major tools in

"Hoover Dam"
Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. Since about 1900, the Black

Dam
of its scale had ever been attempted; on completion, it was the largest masonry dam in the world. The Hoover Dam is a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, constructed in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression. In 1928, Congress authorized the project to build a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. Such a large concrete structure had never been

only in late fall and winter was the water level in the river low enough to safely divert. Tunneling began at the lower portals of the Nevada tunnels in May 1931. Shortly afterward, work began on two similar tunnels in the Arizona canyon wall. In March 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete. First the base, or invert, was poured. Gantry cranes, running on rails through the entire length of each tunnel were used to place the concrete. The sidewalls were poured next. Movable sections of steel forms were used for the sidewalls. Finally, using pneumatic guns, the

in 1947 by adding flip buckets, which both slow the water and decrease the spillway's effective capacity, in an attempt to eliminate conditions thought to have contributed to the 1941 damage. The 1983 damage, also due to cavitation, led to the installation of aerators in the spillways. Tests at Grand Coulee Dam showed that the technique worked, in principle. There are two lanes for automobile traffic across the top of the dam, which formerly served as the Colorado River crossing for U.S. Route 93. In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, authorities expressed security concerns and the

the change, stating, ""I didn't know Hoover was that small a man to take credit for something he had nothing to do with."" Hoover Dam was recognized as a National Civil Engineering Landmark in 1984. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985, cited for its engineering innovations. Other sources Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the

in his words, ""the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant."" Excavation for the powerhouse was carried out simultaneously with the excavation for the dam foundation and abutments. The excavation of this U-shaped structure located at the downstream toe of the dam was completed in late 1933 with the first concrete placed in November 1933. Filling of Lake Mead began February 1, 1935, even before the last of the concrete was poured that May. The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935;

overheads were filled in. The concrete lining is thick, reducing the finished tunnel diameter to . The river was diverted into the two Arizona tunnels on November 13, 1932; the Nevada tunnels were kept in reserve for high water. This was done by exploding a temporary cofferdam protecting the Arizona tunnels while at the same time dumping rubble into the river until its natural course was blocked. Following the completion of the dam, the entrances to the two outer diversion tunnels were sealed at the opening and halfway through the tunnels with large concrete plugs. The downstream halves of the

March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume (when it is full). The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction; nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when

tunnels following the inner plugs are now the main bodies of the spillway tunnels. The inner diversion tunnels were plugged at approximately one-third of their length, beyond which they now carry steel pipes connecting the intake towers to the power plant and outlet works. The inner tunnels' outlets are equipped with gates that can be closed to drain the tunnels for maintenance. To protect the construction site from the Colorado River and to facilitate the river's diversion, two cofferdams were constructed. Work on the upper cofferdam began in September 1932, even though the river had not yet been diverted. The

in 1941. The large spillway tunnels have only been used twice, for testing in 1941 and because of flooding in 1983. Both times, when inspecting the tunnels after the spillways were used, engineers found major damage to the concrete linings and underlying rock. The 1941 damage was attributed to a slight misalignment of the tunnel invert (or base), which caused cavitation, a phenomenon in fast-flowing liquids in which vapor bubbles collapse with explosive force. In response to this finding, the tunnels were patched with special heavy-duty concrete and the surface of the concrete was polished mirror-smooth. The spillways were modified

"The Proud Family Movie"
driving through town advertising his new drink Pork-Nut-o-Rade, but Puff drank it back home earlier, turning him into a large and rampaging monster. He chases them around the world up to China, until Suga Mama, who also drank the concoction, takes him home. The score to the film was composed by Elika Alvarez, Frank Fitzpatrick and Freddy Sheinfel. The film features new songs written by Frank Fitzpatrick, Jorge Corante, Robyn Johnson, Stephen Anderson and Jayne Houston, along with covers of calypso songs. The songs featured in the film are: ""The Proud Family Movie"" was shown on Disney Channel on August

"The Proud One"
reached number one in Ireland. The Proud One ""The Proud One"" is a 1966 single written by Bob Gaudio and Bob Crewe and originally performed by Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, and credited to Valli solo; that version peaked at #68 in the U.S. and #64 in Canada. The Osmonds recorded the song and released it in the spring of 1975. It was their final appearance in the US Top 40, peaking at number 22 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and their only number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent one week at number one in

The Proud One ""The Proud One"" is a 1966 single written by Bob Gaudio and Bob Crewe and originally performed by Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, and credited to Valli solo; that version peaked at #68 in the U.S. and #64 in Canada. The Osmonds recorded the song and released it in the spring of 1975. It was their final appearance in the US Top 40, peaking at number 22 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and their only number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent one week at number one in September 1975. The song also

"The Proud Family"
The Proud Family The Proud Family is an American animated sitcom that ran on Disney Channel from September 15, 2001 to August 19, 2005. ""The Proud Family"" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of ""The Proud

on October 1, 2015 and aired again on December 24, 2015 with the episode ""Seven Days of Kwanzaa"". In 2018, the episode is part of a holiday live stream on Disney Channel's YouTube channel. In 2002, ABC launched the series as a part of its Saturday morning block, ABC Kids. The series aired in syndication on BET in 2008. It also aired on Toon Disney until February 2009, when the channel shut down. ""The Proud Family"" was also aired on The Family Channel in Canada. In 2010, the series began airing on Centric. In Jamaica, it aired on TVJ. In

her for who she is, and they then make up on national TV. 15 Cent has Penny and her friends sing instead of acting as his back-up dancers and the crowd loves them. On Legume Island, the real Carver and his peanut people along with the Proud clones listen as a radio announcer says that Penny and her friends' song has been popular for five weeks (35 days) in a row. In an extended ending, the scene fast-forwards three days later where Cashew is now part of the Proud Family, Penny is receiving her driver's license and helps Oscar by

the series finale. The Proud Family visit Hawaii on an episode of """" entitled ""Spats"" in which they stay at Jumba & Pleakley's Bed & Not Breakfast and Suga Mama inadvertently activates an experiment that causes spats. ""The Proud Family Shorties"" is an online cartoon spinoff of ""The Proud Family"" created by Bruce W. Smith. It follows the adventures of BeBe & CeCe Proud, Suga Mama, and Puff the dog. ""The Proud Family"" reran on ABC as part of Disney's One Saturday Morning from May to July 2002. The series was shown on Disney Channel as part of Disney Replay

a minigame. Aside from Penny and her parents, other characters from the series also appear in the game, including Penny's friends and Suga Mama. GameDaily and GameZone both rated the game 8 out of 10. The Proud Family The Proud Family is an American animated sitcom that ran on Disney Channel from September 15, 2001 to August 19, 2005. ""The Proud Family"" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in

"Proud (JLS song)"
Proud (JLS song) ""Proud"" is a song by British boy band JLS, which serves as the official Sport Relief charity single for 2012, and appears on the festive edition of the group's fourth studio album, ""Evolution"". The single was released on 16 March 2012. The song was written by co-written by JLS, Daniel Davidsen, Jason Gill, Jonathan Gill, Cutfather, and Ali Tennant. The single sold nearly 45,000 copies during its first week of sales, peaking at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. A music video to accompany the release of ""Proud"" was first released onto YouTube on 10 February

"Family Tradition (Hank Williams Jr. song)"
Family Tradition (Hank Williams Jr. song) ""Family Tradition"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. It was released in May 1979 as the fourth and final single and title track from his album of the same name. It peaked at No. 4, and is one of his most popular songs. It has sold 909,000 digital copies as of April 2016. The song is a Williams' statement of rebellion, not only in his lifestyle and living out the lyrics of his songs, but of his musical identity and direction. With the latter point, the

"Major League Baseball All-Star Game"
Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves to substitute for Reds players Gus Bell and Wally Post, and took fan voting rights away in future games; Bell was kept as a reserve, while Post was injured and would have been unable to play in any event. Managers, players, and coaches picked the entire team until 1969, when the vote for starters again returned to the fans; to prevent a repeat of this incident, since 1970 until the start of internet voting, each team has been given the same number of ballots to hand out. In 1998, that number was roughly 400,000 ballots.

"All-Star Final Vote"
Game. In 2003, the first corporate sponsor got involved in the ballot. Over the years, the sponsor has changed and the name of the fan voting procedure has changed both with the changing sponsors and the number of roster spots. , every franchise except the Seattle Mariners have had at least one nominee. , the Chicago White Sox have had four winners, while the Boston Red Sox and Philadelphia Phillies have each had three winners. , the Chicago White Sox have had eleven nominees, most in the American League. The Washington Nationals have had eight, most in the National League.

records, Buck Showalter of the New York Yankees and Felipe Alou of the Montreal Expos for the All-Star Game. The All Star game roster size for each league was 18 in 1933, 20 in 1934, 25 in 1939, 30 in 1982, 32 in 2003, and 33 in 2009. Since 2010, there are 34 players on each league's team roster. On April 28, 2010, MLB announced several rules changes for future All-Star games, effective with the 2010 edition. The AL and NL All-Stars are selected through the following process: Since the first game, American League players have worn their respective team

"2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game"
rating for the game was 5.2, down from 6.5 in 2017. Balloting began on June 1 and ended on July 5. As in previous games, the top vote-getters at each position will be the selected starters for their respective positions, barring any suspensions, injuries or other issues. The reserve players are picked in a more convoluted way involving fan votes, players, and Commissioner's Office. For the fourth year, voting was conducted online exclusively. The results were announced on July 8. After the rosters were finalized, a second ballot of five players per league was created for the All-Star Final Vote

the World Series goes to the league champion team with the higher regular season win-loss record. 89 All-Star Games have been played (including two games per year from 1959–1962), with the AL winning 44, the NL 43, plus two ties. The All-Star Game has seen several ""eras"" in which one league tended to dominate. From 1933 to 1949, the American League won 12 out of the first 16. The National League dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie. This included a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when it won 19 of 20, including 11 in

All-Star Final Vote All-Star Final Vote is an annual Internet and text message ballot by Major League Baseball fans to elect the final player for each team that participates in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game after all other selections have been made and announced on national television. The first 33 players are selected by a combination of procedures. The sponsorship changes annually, but the contest remains similar from year to year. Each league presents a 5-man ballot and gives the fans a few days to choose one final All-Star. The All-Star Game managers selected the entire lineups from 1933

votes. Major League Baseball assures that they have taken precautions to guard against this. In 2015, Kansas City Royals fans were accused of stuffing the ballot box when eight of their players (Salvador Pérez, Lorenzo Cain, Mike Moustakas, Alcides Escobar, Eric Hosmer, Kendrys Morales, Alex Gordon, and Omar Infante) were leading the ballots at their respective positions before the final tally was taken. Had this result stood, the only non-Royal in the American League's starting lineup would have been Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim player Mike Trout. This also would have been a record for the most players from one

the top vote-getter for each league is announced. Over the course of the seven years of the voting, over 100 million votes have been cast. The first All-Star Final Vote was held during the 2002 season. The 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game had 30 player rosters so the fans were voting for the 30th player. The 2003 Major League Baseball All-Star Game rosters expanded to 32 following the 11-inning 2002 game. As a result, the fans elected the 32nd player. In 2009, the rosters again expanded to 33, including 13 pitchers, following the 15-inning 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star

"Clayton Moore"
Clayton Moore Clayton Moore (born Jack Carlton Moore, September 14, 1914 – December 28, 1999) was an American actor best known for playing the fictional western character the Lone Ranger from 1949–1951 and 1954–1957 on the television series of the same name and two related movies from the same producers. Born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1914, Moore was the youngest of three sons of Theresa Violet (""née"" Fisher) and Charles Sprague Moore. Moore's father, according to the federal census of 1930, was a native of New York and supported his family in Chicago by working as a real estate broker.

"John Hart (actor)"
John Hart (actor) John Lewis Hart (December 13, 1917 – September 20, 2009), also credited as John Hilton was an American film and television actor. In his early career, Hart appeared mostly in Westerns. Although Hart played mostly minor roles in some fairly well known films, he was probably best known for having replaced Clayton Moore in 1952 in the television series, ""The Lone Ranger"" for one season from 1952 until 1953. Hart began his screen career in 1937 with a bit part in ""Daughter of Shanghai"". He continued in a variety of B pictures such as ""Prison Farm"" and

the Western Walk of Fame in Old Town Newhall, California. Clayton Moore died on December 28, 1999, in a West Hills, California, hospital after suffering a heart attack at his home in nearby Calabasas. He was survived by his fourth wife, Clarita Moore (""née"" Petrone), and an adopted daughter, Dawn Angela Moore. Moore was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale. Clayton Moore Clayton Moore (born Jack Carlton Moore, September 14, 1914 – December 28, 1999) was an American actor best known for playing the fictional western character the Lone Ranger from 1949–1951 and 1954–1957 on the television series

""King of Alcatraz"" before appearing in two of Cecil B. DeMille's films ""The Buccaneer"" (1938) and ""North West Mounted Police"" (1940). In 1941, Hart's acting career was interrupted when he was drafted into the United States Army. He rose to the rank of first sergeant in the Coast Artillery and eventually served in the Philippines. Following his military service, Hart worked frequently for Sam Katzman; he was given the lead role in the ""Jack Armstrong"" (1947) film serial. Hart did stunt work and acted in numerous Westerns Hart was eventually offered the opportunity to replace Clayton Moore on ""The Lone

"John Todd (actor)"
John Todd (actor) John Todd (born John Frederick ""Fred"" McCarthy; August 14, 1876 – July 14, 1957) was an American actor. Known for Shakespearean roles, Todd soon gained work at Detroit radio station WXYZ, as part of director James Jewell's repertory company, with roles on the various series produced by the station. His most famous work was on ""The Lone Ranger"". He played a local sheriff in some of the show's earliest episodes, but on the twelfth broadcast, which aired February 25, 1933, Todd first played his most famous role, the masked man's Native American companion Tonto. Todd was a

"The Lone Ranger (TV series)"
The Lone Ranger (TV series) The Lone Ranger is an American western drama television series that aired on the ABC Television network from 1949 to 1957, with Clayton Moore in the starring role. Jay Silverheels, a member of the Mohawk Aboriginal people in Canada, played The Lone Ranger's Indian companion Tonto. John Hart replaced Moore in the title role from 1952 to 1954 due to a contract dispute. Fred Foy, who had been both narrator and announcer of the radio series from 1948 until its ending, was the announcer. Gerald Mohr was originally employed as the narrator for the television

Moore and co-star Jay Silverheels made history as the stars of the first Western written specifically for television. ""The Lone Ranger"" soon became the highest-rated program to that point on the fledgling ABC network and its first true hit. It earned an Emmy Award nomination in 1950. Moore was replaced in the third season by John Hart, reportedly due to a contract dispute, but he returned for the final two seasons. Moore later said he received no explanation from the producers as to why he was replaced or why he was rehired. The fourth season of ""The Lone Ranger"" was

Ranger"" television series. Based on the assumption that the masked character, rather than the actor, was the true star of ""The Lone Ranger,"" the program's producers fired Moore (presumably over salary differences) and replaced him with Hart, who was of a similar build and had a comparable background in Westerns. However, the public never truly accepted Hart as the Lone Ranger, and by 1954 the producers returned Moore to the role. According to Clayton Moore's autobiography ""I Was That Masked Man,"" Moore never knew why he was replaced by Hart, and also stated that he had not sought a pay

"Robert Arthur (actor)"
Robert Arthur (actor) Robert Arthur (June 18, 1925 – October 1, 2008) was an American motion picture actor who appeared in dozens of films in the 1940s and 1950s. Born Robert Paul Arthaud, Arthur appeared in the 1949 war film ""Twelve O'Clock High"" as the comic relief–providing Sgt. McIllhenny, in the 1951 Billy Wilder film ""Ace in the Hole"", and in the 1950s television program ""The Lone Ranger"". Arthur was known for playing youthful teenage or young adult roles. In his later years, Arthur became an activist for gay rights on behalf of senior citizens, and was involved with the

North-West Mounted Police. BURIED =St. James Cemetery, Family Plot McCarthy, Crossingville, PA. John Todd (actor) John Todd (born John Frederick ""Fred"" McCarthy; August 14, 1876 – July 14, 1957) was an American actor. Known for Shakespearean roles, Todd soon gained work at Detroit radio station WXYZ, as part of director James Jewell's repertory company, with roles on the various series produced by the station. His most famous work was on ""The Lone Ranger"". He played a local sheriff in some of the show's earliest episodes, but on the twelfth broadcast, which aired February 25, 1933, Todd first played his most

"2011 United States embassy attack in Sarajevo"
2011 United States embassy attack in Sarajevo A gunman wearing a beard fired with a Kalashnikov rifle on the United States embassy in Sarajevo on 28 October 2011, resulting in one local policeman guarding the embassy being wounded in the arm by the gunman, while the shooter was wounded by a police sniper. The attacker shot 105 bullets, and severely wounded policeman Mirsad Velić. A Ministry of Interior agent neutralized the attacker with a sniper shot. The attacker was identified as Mevlid Jašarević (b. 1988), an Serbian national born in Novi Pazar in southwestern Serbia, living in well-known Wahhabist stronghold

"Assassination of Galip Balkar"
Assassination of Galip Balkar Galip Balkar, Turkish ambassador to Yugoslavia, was assassinated on 9 March 1983 in downtown Belgrade, capital of Yugoslavia. He died two days later as a consequence. The responsibility for the attack was taken by the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG), an Armenian militant group. Two Armenian gunmen opened fire with small firearms at the ambassador's car, which stopped for a red light at a major downtown intersection in Belgrade. Balkar, 47, and his chauffeur Kaya Necet were wounded, the condition of the ambassador being critical. The two assailants then attempted to run away from

might have been released on medical grounds: he was wounded when security guards returned the fire and subsequently became paralyzed after a stroke. Assassination of Galip Balkar Galip Balkar, Turkish ambassador to Yugoslavia, was assassinated on 9 March 1983 in downtown Belgrade, capital of Yugoslavia. He died two days later as a consequence. The responsibility for the attack was taken by the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG), an Armenian militant group. Two Armenian gunmen opened fire with small firearms at the ambassador's car, which stopped for a red light at a major downtown intersection in Belgrade. Balkar, 47,

"Bojinka plot"
Bojinka plot The Bojinka plot (; ) was a large-scale, three-phase attack planned by terrorists Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed for January 1995. They planned to assassinate Pope John Paul II, blow up 11 airliners in flight from Asia to the United States with the goal of killing approximately 4,000 passengers and shutting down air travel around the world, and crash a plane into the headquarters of the CIA in Fairfax County, Virginia. Despite careful planning, the Bojinka plot was disrupted after a chemical fire drew the attention of the Philippine National Police – Western Police District (PNP-WPD) on

"2004 Shah Jalal bombing"
case in 2008. The British High Commission welcomed the completion of the trial but opposed the death penalty. The motive for the attack was ""to avenge the deaths of Muslims in Iraq and across the world by America and Britain"" according to the Police. The components of the grenades were traced to Pakistan. 2004 Shah Jalal bombing 2004 Shah Jalal bombing was a terrorist grenade attack on the British High Commissioner to Bangladesh, Anwar Choudhury. the High Commissioner was injured in the attack and two bystanders were killed. The attack was carried out by Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami. The Shah Jalal shrine

"Death of Osama bin Laden"
with an AK-47 from behind the guesthouse door, lightly injuring a SEAL with bullet fragments. A short firefight took place between al-Kuwaiti and the SEALs, in which al-Kuwaiti was killed. His wife Mariam was allegedly shot and wounded in the right shoulder. The courier's male relative Abrar was then said to have been shot and killed by the SEALs' second team on the first floor of the main house as shots had already been fired and the SEALs thought that he was armed with a loaded AK-47 (this was later confirmed to be true in the official report). A woman

"1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo"
1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo The 1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo occurred on 3 May 1992 in Dobrovoljačka Street, Sarajevo, when members of the Bosnian army (ARBiH) attacked a convoy of Yugoslav army (JNA) troops that were exiting the city of Sarajevo according to the withdrawal agreement. The attack is thought to have happened in retaliation for the arrest of the President of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović, who was detained at the Sarajevo Airport by the Yugoslav army the previous day. The attack started with the convoy being separated when

"Hasan Čengić"
agency. Hasan Čengić has travelled frequently to Tehran since 1983 and has been deeply involved in Iranian arms shipments to Bosnia. During the Bosnian War, he lived in Tehran and Istanbul. According to Austrian police, Čengić was on the supervisory board of the Third World Relief Agency (TWRA), a Sudan-based, phoney humanitarian organization connected to Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda terrorist network. Čengić's involvement was confirmed by the TWRA's director, Elfatih Hassanein. Well informed sources in Sarajevo claim that only Hasan addressed Izetbegović with 'ti' ""(second person singular, used as an informal form of address)"" while all the others

"Siege of Sarajevo"
that ""Turkish fighters"" were on their way to reinforce the Bosnian defenders, accused the three French soldiers manning the armored vehicle of transporting ""Turkish mujahedeen"". After a Serbian military liaison officer identified the passenger as Turajlić, the Serbs ordered the UN soldiers to hand him over. The rear door was opened, and one of the Serbs fired seven shots at Turajlić from an automatic weapon. Six bullets struck him in the chest and arms, killing him instantly. A Bosnian Serb soldier, Goran Vasić, was eventually charged with Turajlić's murder but was ultimately acquitted of that charge in 2002. The second

Path to 9/11"", and ""The Secret History of 9/11"". Bojinka plot The Bojinka plot (; ) was a large-scale, three-phase attack planned by terrorists Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed for January 1995. They planned to assassinate Pope John Paul II, blow up 11 airliners in flight from Asia to the United States with the goal of killing approximately 4,000 passengers and shutting down air travel around the world, and crash a plane into the headquarters of the CIA in Fairfax County, Virginia. Despite careful planning, the Bojinka plot was disrupted after a chemical fire drew the attention of the

"Big Brother Canada (season 3)"
has been used in later seasons. Lasting for a total of ten weeks, the season concluded on 27 May when Sarah Hanlon was named the winner. HouseGuests Bruno Ielo, Kevin Martin, and Sindy Nguyen would all return to compete on the show's fifth season. Following a successful first two seasons, it was confirmed on 4 June 2014 that the show would return for a third season. Arisa Cox confirmed her return as host, as well as announced the show's move to Global. Though the main series changed networks, the spin-off seasons continued to air on Slice. The move was seen

"Big Brother Canada"
Mzansi"" house in South Africa as a guest; he remained in house for a week, attempting to cause trouble among the contestants. Demetres Giannitsos holds the record for the most Head of Household wins in a single season with five, while Kevin Martin and combined HouseGuests Nick & Phil Paquette hold the record for most Power of Veto wins in a single season with four. Giannitsos, Martin, and the Paquette brothers are all also tied for the most total competition wins in a single season, with seven each. Martin, alongside HouseGuests Ashleigh Wood and Kaela Grant are the only HouseGuests

"Big Brother Canada (season 6)"
correct answer earned one point. The HouseGuest with more points after seven questions will become the final Head of Household of the season. Paras was the winner. On Day 69, Paras cast the sole vote to evict Derek. He became the seventh and final member of the jury. On Day 69, after receiving Ryan, Alejandra, Olivia, Johnny, Maddy, and Will's votes, Kaela was deemed the runner-up and walked away with $20,000, and Paras left the House with $100,000, a European dream vacation for two courtesy of Air Transat, a $30,000 home makeover from The Brick, and was deemed the winner

as a positive change for the show, as Global had a wider audience. Casting began on 20 August, with Robyn Kass once more being given the role of selecting the HouseGuests. Seven open casting calls were scheduled throughout the country in October and November, while online applications were accepted until 24 November. Former HouseGuests such as Jon Pardy and Neda Kalantar appeared at the open casting calls to promote the series. The first promo for the season premiered on 17 December. Dan Gheesling, who had previously won the United States edition in 2008, appeared with Cox on ""The Morning Show""

"Big Brother Canada (season 5)"
Big Brother Canada (season 5) Big Brother Canada 5 is the fifth season of the Canadian reality television series ""Big Brother Canada"". It is based upon the Dutch series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000. It was produced by Endemol USA, and Insight Productions. The season premiered on Global on March 15, 2017 and ended after 69 days – the shortest season to date by one day – on May 18, 2017, where returning houseguest Kevin Martin was crowned the winner, and Karen Singbeil the runner-up. The series revolves around different strangers living in a

"Big Brother Canada (season 1)"
competition. Gary won the second portion of the competition, which consisted of an obstacle course and memory games. Gary won the final portion on Day 71, becoming the final Head of Household of the season. Minutes later he chose to evict Emmett, making Gary and Jillian the final two HouseGuests. Jillian was then chosen as the winner of the season, controversially receiving four of the seven jury votes. The premiere episode was viewed by an estimated 3.3 million viewers, making it the most viewed event of the night for both that timeslot and the night as a whole. In terms

them will win the grand prize of $100,000, a 2017 Toyota 86, as well as a $30,000 home makeover from The Brick. The runner-up receives a $20,000 cash prize. Having aired fourteen seasons of the United States' edition in the country, it was confirmed that Canada would receive its own edition of the program in 2013. The new series was produced by Endemol USA and Insight Productions. The first season aired on Slice and proved to be a ratings hit for the network, averaging a total of 2.7 million viewers throughout its course. The show's first two seasons were nominated

"Big Brother Canada (season 4)"
Household. On Day 57, the HouseGuests were given the task to marry Nikki and Joel in the Have-Not room. If they pass their task, there will be no more Have-Nots for the season. They passed their task and Have-Nots were disbanded. On Day 57, Cassandra nominated Nick & Phil and Nikki for eviction, with Nick & Phil as the target. On Day 58, everyone except for Tim calculated in ""The Price of POV"" Power of Veto competition, hosted by Season 3 winner, Sarah Hanlon. in this competition, HouseGuests were secluded in a booth and were given an equivalent to 100

the first Head of Household of the season. A showmance started to blossom between Kelsey and Jared. Loveita hoped to split them up as they could be dangerous down the road. At the nomination ceremony, Loveita nominated Kelsey and Paige, with Kelsey as her target. Loveita, Kelsey, and Paige, as well as Sharry, Nick & Phil, and Raul, with Dallas as the host, competed in the ""What the Shell?"" Power of Veto competition. While dressed as mermaids, HouseGuests had to slide down their bumpy lane, grab a letter, and take it back to their puzzle board. Once they had all

"Big Brother Canada (season 2)"
player with fans of the show throughout the season, with fans voting to give her a private meeting with former HouseGuests Jillian MacLaughlin and Emmett Blois. Fans of the series were shocked at her eviction on the show's finale, when longtime ally Jon Pardy chose to evict her over Sabrina. The show's host went on to list it as her fifth top ten moment in the show, as Neda would have won the season if she was in the final two. HouseGuest Ika Wong gained a considerable amount of fan support despite her early eviction, namely for the incident in

"Degrassi: The Next Generation"
eleven-second montage. This continued into season fourteen. Instead of listing every ensemble actor, after the montage, season thirteen and fourteen episodes credit only the regular actors appearing in that episode. The theme music, ""Whatever It Takes"", was composed by Jim McGrath, with lyrics written by Jody Colero and Stephen Stohn. The song include lines such as, ""Whatever it takes, I know I can make it through/Be the best, the best I can be"", to convey what Colero calls, ""a sense of joy and optimism."" Lisa Dalbello performed the lyrics with a children's choir over an 1980s pop music style tune

song is used, performed by Alexz Johnson. Seasons thirteen and fourteen featured a truncated version of the Alexz Johnson theme. Jim McGrath creates the musical score for each episode using an instrumental version of the theme music. He also works with actors such as Jake Epstein, Melissa McIntyre and Jamie Johnston, when writing music for their characters Craig Manning, Ashley Kerwin, and Peter Stone to perform in the bands , , , and . In addition to being scored, ""Degrassi"" features a mix of original emo, alternative rock and pop music. Popular songs are used sparingly in the series, mainly

during the first three seasons. Dave Ogilvie and Anthony Valcic of Canadian industrial-pop group Jakalope reworked and performed the song with a heavier sound, reflecting the growing maturity of the characters in season four. For seasons six and seven, the theme—still performed by Jakalope—was remixed and stripped of vocals. A fourth version of the theme song, with lyrics sung by Damhnait Doyle, was introduced for the eighth season, and a fifth version of the theme, performed by the in-show band """" is used for the ninth and tenth seasons. For seasons eleven and twelve, a sixth version of the theme

AfterElton.com. In its initial years, it was frequently the most watched domestic drama series in Canada, and one of the highest-rated shows on TeenNick in the United States. In 2004, one episode received just under a million viewers in Canada, and over half a million viewers in the US. The series has won numerous awards, from the Geminis, Writers Guild of Canada and Directors Guild of Canada, and internationally from the Teen Choice Awards, Young Artist Awards, and Prix Jeunesse. The series premiered on CTV on October 14, 2001. During the ninth season in 2010, the series moved to MuchMusic.

Keke Palmer, Ben Mulroney, Chaz Bono, Hedley, and Fefe Dobson. While the earlier Degrassi series aired in Canada on CBC, ""Degrassi"" is broadcast on Bell Media-owned stations. Until mid-season nine, it aired on the CTV Television Network, but due to a decline in viewing figures since season seven, it moved to sister channel MuchMusic in 2010. In 2013, following a revamp of MuchMusic's schedule, the show moved to the Canadian version of MTV. In the United States, where the earlier Degrassi series aired on PBS, ""Degrassi"" aired on digital cable network TeenNick (previously The N), and is the longest-running program

of which leaves Jimmy, Hazel, Paige, and Spinner stranded in the street. Season seven featured appearances from Shirley Douglas as a university professor, Free The Children founder Craig Kielburger, and English pop singer Natasha Bedingfield as themselves. Jonathan Torrens guest starred as Emma's father, Shane, in the two-part season three premiere. The character had been played by Bill Parrott in the original series, but he decided not to return the former role. In season 10, ballroom dancer Jean-Marc Généreux appears as a teacher, in the episodes Adam's transgender secret is revealed. After moving to MuchMusic cameos became more frequent, including

CTVglobemedia, later renamed Bell Media in 2011, ""Degrassi"" received funding from Canadian Television Fund and BCE the Shaw Rocket Fund, Mountain Cable Program and the Royal Bank of Canada, the Bell Broadcast and New Media Fund, and the Cogeco Program Development Fund. Linda Schuyler and Stephen Stohn have served as executive producers since the series began. Other Epitome Pictures employees and series crew members have also been credited with the title, including Sara Snow, Brendon Yorke, James Hurst, Aaron Martin, and Sarah Glinski. Sarah Glinski and Matt Huether are the current story editors, a position previously filled by Shelley Scarrow,

or create a mini-arc over several episodes. The majority of episodes are named after songs from the 1980s, and since the tenth season, episodes are named after songs from the 1990s to the present, representing the entering of a new decade and a completely different cast from the earlier seasons. For the first nine seasons, ""Degrassi: The Next Generation"" had been produced as a weekly half-hour teen comedy-drama series, with each season consisting of between fifteen and twenty-four episodes. Due to falling viewing figures between seasons six and nine, the series developed a daily soap opera format for the summer

were nominated in the ""Best Leading Young Actor Performance in a TV Comedy Series"" category, but lost to Frankie Muniz from ""Malcolm in the Middle"". The series won the award for ""Best Ensemble in a Comedy or Drama TV Series"" category. A year later, Jake Epstein won the Young Artist Award in the category for ""Best Leading Young Actor Performance in a TV Comedy Series"". In 2005, Christina Schmidt tied with Alia Shawkat of ""Arrested Development"" to win the award for ""Best Supporting Young Actress Performance in a TV Comedy Series"", and Jamie Johnston won the 2008 category for ""Best

on the channel, having aired since the channel's launch in 2002. Seasons six and seven premiered on The N before they aired on CTV. In June 2015, both MTV Canada and TeenNick announced that they would not renew the show. On June 9, 2015, Epitome Pictures announced that a sequel, """", would premiere on Family Channel, a pay channel owned by DHX Media, in January 2016. In the United States (and internationally), first-run episodes will move to Netflix. Episodes will become available on Netflix in Canada following the conclusion of the season. In Australia, ABC1 screened the first three seasons

"Commonwealth Association of Architects"
Commonwealth Association of Architects Commonwealth Association of Architects (CAA), formed in 1965, is an organisation for national and regional institutes representing architects in Commonwealth countries. As such, under the Commonwealth family, the association validates courses in architecture and convenes international boards to educational institutions to assess course components against set criteria. Its current membership list is 34 nations. Sir Robert Matthew CBE served as the first President from 1965 to 1969. Vince Cassar is the present president of the organization. The CAA is a registered charity in the UK. In 2012 the UK's Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) ceased

"Commonwealth Games Federation"
Commonwealth Games Associations (CGA) which form the General Assembly, and have authority to act on behalf of the federation concerning the games. The board consists of the ""ex officio"" Vice-Patron (currently, HRH The Earl of Wessex), the President, six officers of CGF and six Vice-Presidents representing, and being responsible for the CGA's in the 6 regions of the CGF (Africa, Americas, Asia, Caribbean, Europe and Oceania). Members of the Executive Board are either elected or appointed, generally holding office from their date of appointment to the conclusion of the General Assembly held in the year following the next Commonwealth Games,

"All India Management Association"
All India Management Association All India Management Association (AIMA) is a national apex body of the management profession in India. It is based on a federation of 67 Local Management Associations (LMAs) including Qatar Indian Management Association and Mauritius Management Association. It was established in 1957. Among its activities, AIMA conducts the Management Aptitude Test (MAT) used by over 600 business schools across India, is represented in national forums and organisations and awards annual awards. AIMA was established in 1957 following the establishment of India's first industrialization policy in 1956. AIMA is managed by a president, a senior vice president,

a vice president, a treasurer and a director general. , the president is Harshavardhan Neotia. AIMA conducts the Management Aptitude Test (MAT) used by over 600 business schools across India. Other tests conducted include the Research Management Aptitude Test (RMAT), Under Graduate Aptitude Test (UGAT), Accredited Management Teacher (AMT) certification and other customised tests. AIMA is represented on various national bodies and organisations including the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), National Board of Accreditation (NBA), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the board of governors of various Indian Institutes of Management. AIMA awards various annual awards. The Kewal

CASBAA
AVIA undertakes a number of initiatives including the pursuit of copyright enforcement, promotion of multichannel TV as a key advertising medium, the promotion of regional technical standards, regulatory roundtables and educational seminars of the business environment for traditional, electronic media, and telecom companies. AVIA works to inform, represent and connect its members through a variety of platforms and leads the industry by developing and publishing research and reports on key markets, share news and trends, and communicate with the media and general public. AVIA is led by a Council of Governors. The Council is composed of non-elected Governors who are

"Institute of Certified Management Accountants"
now CPA Canada (Chartered Professional Accountants), ICWAI India and CMA Sri Lanka.) The proposed merger of CMA Australia with IMA (USA) abandoned in 2006. Some discussion of becoming an IFAC member. There are four grades of membership (designations) within the Association: · Certified Management Accountant (CMA) - Requirements: Degree from a recognised university or Professional Qualification in Accounting, completion of CMA units and 5 years relevant experience · Associate Management Accountant (AMA) - Requirements: Degree from a recognised university or Professional Qualification in Accounting and 3 years relevant experience · Graduate Management Accountant (GMA) - Requirements: Degree from a recognised

CASBAA
operators as well as multinational networks and programmers in Asia and worldwide. Member corporations also comprise leading suppliers and manufacturers of broadcast technology, related business service providers, communications, advertising & marketing agencies, media, government regulatory bodies, telecom companies, new media service providers and network enablers. The mission of AVIA is to promote the growth of pay TV and video content through industry information, networking exchanges and events while promoting global best practices. The Association is also dedicated to the development of regulatory best practices which assist the interests of both domestic and international participants within the multichannel and communication communities.

"Aerospace Industries Association"
which are available to aerospace manufacturers that conform to United States Military Standard's for equipment manufacturing and provide standards for other various components. The organizations's current president and CEO is Eric Fanning. The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is governed by a board of governors that meets twice a year and consists of senior representatives of member companies at the c-suite level, and an executive committee that meets more frequently. A hallmark of AIA is that it receives its policy guidance from the direct involvement of CEO-level officers of companies of all sizes across all levels of our industry. The government

"MCA Inc."
the board of directors at the time). In 1939, MCA's headquarters moved from Chicago to Beverly Hills, California, creating a movie division and beginning to acquire talent agencies and represent established actors such as James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Bette Davis, and Ronald Reagan, whom Wasserman became very close with personally. In later decades, Wasserman became a guiding force in Reagan's political ambition by helping Reagan to win the presidency of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), then election as Governor of California in 1966, and finally President of the United States in 1980. By the end of the 1930s, MCA had

Nohria Award for Academic Leadership in Management Education, awarded since 2009, was awarded to Bala V. Balachandran in 2018. All India Management Association All India Management Association (AIMA) is a national apex body of the management profession in India. It is based on a federation of 67 Local Management Associations (LMAs) including Qatar Indian Management Association and Mauritius Management Association. It was established in 1957. Among its activities, AIMA conducts the Management Aptitude Test (MAT) used by over 600 business schools across India, is represented in national forums and organisations and awards annual awards. AIMA was established in 1957 following

"Alexander Koch (actor)"
records. Alexander Koch (actor) Alexander Koch (born February 24, 1988) is an American actor. He played the series regular role of Junior Rennie on the CBS drama series ""Under the Dome"", based on the novel by Stephen King. He currently resides in Los Angeles. Koch was born in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, to Joseph and Joya Koch. He is of Italian, German and Lebanese heritage. Koch has two older sisters, Ashleigh and Michelle. His father is late Wayne County assistant prosecutor Joseph Koch, a talented attorney who took on some of Detroit's most notorious criminals in court. ""It was kind

"Stefan Gierasch"
and Danny DeVito film ""Junior"" as Edward Sawyer, and in 1995's ""Murder in the First"" as Warden James Humson. Gierasch has made many TV appearances, as in ""Starsky & Hutch"", """", and ""ER"". Gierasch died from a stroke in 2014 at the age of 88. Stefan Gierasch Stefan Gierasch (February 5, 1926 – September 6, 2014) was an American film and television actor. Gierasch made over 100 screen appearances, mostly in American television, beginning in 1951. In the mid-1960s, he performed with the Trinity Square Players in Providence, Rhode Island. He appeared in dozens of films including in ""The Hustler""

Alexander Koch (actor) Alexander Koch (born February 24, 1988) is an American actor. He played the series regular role of Junior Rennie on the CBS drama series ""Under the Dome"", based on the novel by Stephen King. He currently resides in Los Angeles. Koch was born in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, to Joseph and Joya Koch. He is of Italian, German and Lebanese heritage. Koch has two older sisters, Ashleigh and Michelle. His father is late Wayne County assistant prosecutor Joseph Koch, a talented attorney who took on some of Detroit's most notorious criminals in court. ""It was kind of

"Rawle D. Lewis"
Rawle D. Lewis Rawle D. Lewis (c. 1974) is an American actor and comedian best known for portraying Junior Bevil in the 1993 comedy film ""Cool Runnings"". It was originally presumed that Lewis was born in Jamaica. However, Lewis later revealed in an interview for the 229th issue of ""Empire"", ""So I had lied on my resume. I was born in Trinidad, so I said I had done all this acting in Trinidad, 'cos I figured, who the hell's going to figure that out?"" Despite this, Lewis stated on that same interview that he was from the Caribbean. Lewis confirmed

"Rugg Williams"
Rugg Williams Rugg Williams is an American actor who guest-starred in the crime drama ""In the Heat of the Night"" with Carroll O'Connor for four seasons as Eugene Glendon, Denise Nicholas' troubled son. Prior to this, he appeared in TV shows such as ""Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills"", ""Family Matters"", ""Hunter"", and """". A native of Washington, D.C., Rugg holds degrees in Business Management and Marketing. After relocating to Los Angeles, he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he performed in such productions as ""Picnic"", ""A Taste of Honey"" and ""Othello"". He has since then performed

"Kermit Murdock"
Kermit Murdock Kermit Murdock (20 March 1908 – 11 February 1981) was an American film, television and radio actor known for his avuncular and professorial character portrayals. His more prominent character roles in major motion pictures included Dean Pollard in ""Splendor in the Grass"" (1961), Henderson, the banker in ""In the Heat of The Night"" (1967), and Dr. Robertson in ""The Andromeda Strain"" (1970). He is also well known for his voice acting in many episodes of the 1950s science fiction radio series ""X Minus One"". He was in ""The Mysterious Traveler"" episode ""Survival of the Fittest"" with Everett Sloane,

34 KB (5,358 words) - 02:46, 2 October 2010 Rugg Williams Rugg Williams is an American actor who guest-starred in the crime drama ""In the Heat of the Night"" with Carroll O'Connor for four seasons as Eugene Glendon, Denise Nicholas' troubled son. Prior to this, he appeared in TV shows such as ""Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills"", ""Family Matters"", ""Hunter"", and """". A native of Washington, D.C., Rugg holds degrees in Business Management and Marketing. After relocating to Los Angeles, he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he performed in such productions as ""Picnic"", ""A Taste

"Howard Rollins"
Howard Rollins Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr. (October 17, 1950 – December 8, 1996) was an American stage, film and television actor. Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978's ""King"", George Haley in the 1979 miniseries """", Coalhouse Walker Jr. in the 1981 film ""Ragtime"", Captain Davenport in the 1984 film ""A Soldier's Story"", and as Virgil Tibbs on the TV crime drama ""In the Heat of the Night"". Rollins was the youngest of four children born to Ruth and Howard Ellsworth Rollins Sr. in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother was a domestic worker while his

"David Hart (actor)"
David Hart (actor) David Hart (born February 6, 1954) is an American actor and singer best known for his portrayal of Sgt. Parker Williams on the smash-hit television series ""In the Heat of the Night"" (1988 to 1995). He has appeared in numerous films. Hart continues to perform in theater around the country, most recently performing as Charlemagne in ""Pippin"" and Oscar in ""The Odd Couple"". He has also appeared in numerous commercials, including IHOP Restaurants, Maxwell House Coffee, Coors Light Silver Bullets, John Deere and GE. Hart was raised primarily by his mother, Jeanette Lassiter Anderson, in Panama City,

"Karnataka Lokayukta"
to which any person who has held the post of judge of the High court for a period of ten years can be appointed as Lokayukta and five years in case of Upa Lokayukta. The Lokayukta is appointed by the Governor of Karnataka on advice of Chief Minister of Karnataka in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court of Karnataka, the Chairman of Karnataka Legislative Council, the Speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly, the Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council and the Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The Lokayukta has the power

"Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta"
or Uplokayukta serves the office for a period of eight years after an amendment increased the tenure length by two years. The perks and allowances of the Lokayukta are the same as that of the chief justice while that of an Uplokayukta to a judge of the state's High court. The functioning of the Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta is to initiate inquiries on complaints regarding maladministration and corruption concerning a State Public Servant"". The investigation can be started with specific approval of the concerned ministry and can be either a ""Grievance"" or ""Allegation"". Grievance means any claim by a person who

"Maharashtra Lokayukta"
after consultation with the Lokayukta. Once appointed, Lokayuka or Upa-Lokayukta can remain in office for a term of five years. Lokayuka or Upa-Lokayukta can be removed from his office through the process of impeachment. The removal can only be on the grounds of misbehavior or incapacity and no other grounds. The procedure for removal is as per Article 311 of Constitution of India. Any citizen can make his/her complaints of corruption directly to the Lokayukta against any government official or elected representative. Lokayukta’s power varies from State to State. In some States, the Lokayukta inquires into allegations against public functionaries

Lokayukta
Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Delhi. The Maharashtra Lokayukta is considered the weakest Lokayukta due to lack of powers, staff, funds and an independent investigating agency. On the other hand, the Karnataka Lokayukta is considered the most powerful Lokayukta in the country. There are no Lokayuktas in Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Puducherry-Waiting for President approval, Sikkim, Telangana and Tripura . The latest Lokayukta was established in Tamil Nadu On July 9, 2018, the Arunachal Pradesh assembly passed a Lokayukta bill. Lokayukta investigates cases of corruption, where substantiated, recommend action. He is a great check on

Lokpal
out of the jurisdiction of the Lokpal. The bill also keeps the CBI independent. The historic Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 was passed by Indian Parliament paving the way for establishment of a Lokpal (Ombudsman) to fight corruption in public offices and ensure accountability on the part of public officials, including the Prime Minister, but with some safeguards. Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members, of which 50% will be judicial members 50% members of Lokpal shall be from SC/ST/OBCs, minorities and women. Selection of chairperson and members of Lokpal through a selection committee consisting

Lokayukta
Lokayukta The Lokayukta (also Lok Ayukta) ( ""lokāyukta"", """"appointed by the people"""") is an anti-corruption ombudsman organization in the Indian states. Once appointed, Lokayukta can not be dismissed nor transferred by the government, and can only be removed by passing an impeachment motion by the state assembly. Naresh Kadyan moved public interest litigation before High Court and then contempt of court order petition for not appointment of Lokayukta in Haryana. The Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) headed by Morarji Desai submitted a special interim report on ""Problems of Redressal of Citizen's Grievances"" in 1966. In this report, the ARC recommended the

was appointed as the Lokayukta in June 2001 taking office a month later. It was during his tenure that the institution gained popularity in that he was ""known for bringing the lokayukta to people's doorstep"". He would reportedly walk from door to door coaxing people to file complaints. He was called a ""one-man army against the corrupt bureaucracy"" by former Chief Justice of India M. N. Venkatachaliah. Justice Santosh Hegde took charge in August 2006 before resigning from the position in June 2010 owing to political interference from the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government. However, he withdrew the resignation

its Lokayukta in 1971. ￼￼ The Lokayukta Ordinance Act 1979, was excercised by D. Devaraj Urs, then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and the first Lokayukta to be appointed was then retired Chief Justice of Rajasthan High court, Justice C. Honniah. The same institution was abolished when R. Gundu Rao became the chief minister of Karnataka, after the demise of D. Devaraj Urs. The institution was again re introduced after Ramakrishna Hegde, became then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and introduced the ""Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta Bill"" in the assembly as their 1983 election promise. It came into force through the ""Karnataka

new Lokayukta after the state government failed to suggest one. According to the ""Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta and UpLokayukta Act of 1975"", the Governor of the state can appoint a person to be the Lokayukta and one or more persons as uplokayukta(s)(Deputy Lokayukta). The Lokayukta's appointment is made after consultations with the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court, and the leader of the opposition in the state assembly.The Uplokayukta(s) can be appointed after consulting the Lokayukta. A person is eligible for the post of the Lokayukta or Uplokayukta if he/she fulfills the following criteria. Any person appointed as the Lokayukta

Lokayukta holds powers to sue the former if it does not. Criticism was directed at the government of Karnataka after it took away the investigative powers from the Lokayukta and having given it to the ACB which functions directly under its supervision. Also, the Lokayukta remains an independent body while the ACB reports to the Chief Secretary of the State. The term of office of the Lokayukta is five years and former Lokayuktas listed below: Justice A. D. Koshal, a retired Judge of the Supreme Court was appointed the first Lokayukta and took charge in January 1986. Justice N. Venkatachala

Atmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water

Atmosphere
atmospheres were then modified over time by various complex factors, resulting in quite different outcomes. The atmospheres of the planets Venus and Mars are primarily composed of carbon dioxide, with small quantities of nitrogen, argon, oxygen and traces of other gases. The composition of Earth's atmosphere is largely governed by the by-products of the life that it sustains. Dry air from Earth's atmosphere contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and traces of hydrogen, helium, and other ""noble"" gases (by volume), but generally a variable amount of water vapor is also present, on average about 1% at

the border between the atmosphere and outer space. Atmospheric effects become noticeable during atmospheric reentry of spacecraft at an altitude of around . Several layers can be distinguished in the atmosphere, based on characteristics such as temperature and composition. The study of Earth's atmosphere and its processes is called atmospheric science (aerology). Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann. The three major constituents of Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around

from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) and show Earth as it rotates during a day. Atmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04%

"Atmospheric methane"
and carbon dioxide into methane and water. Oxygen did not become a major part of the atmosphere until photosynthetic organisms evolved later in Earth's history. With no oxygen, methane stayed in the atmosphere longer and at higher concentrations than it does today. The known sources of methane are predominantly located near the Earth's surface. In combination with vertical atmospheric motions and methane's relatively long lifetime, methane is considered to be a well-mixed gas. In other words, the concentration of methane is taken to be constant with respect to height within the troposphere. The dominant sink of methane in the troposphere

time in 55 years of measurement—and probably more than 3 million years of Earth history."" The current concentration may be the highest in the last 20 million years. Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history. It is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere, shortly after Earth's formation. The second atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen and co2 was produced by outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids. A major part of carbon dioxide emissions were soon dissolved in water and incorporated in

may have been higher, with estimated partial pressure as large as , because there was no bacterial photosynthesis to reduce the gas to carbon compounds and oxygen. Methane, a very active greenhouse gas which reacts with oxygen to produce and water vapor, may have been more prevalent as well, with a mixing ratio of 10 (100 parts per million by volume). Though water is responsible for most (about 36-70%) of the total greenhouse effect, the role of water vapor as a greenhouse gas depends on temperature. On Earth, carbon dioxide is the most relevant, direct anthropologically influenced greenhouse gas. Carbon

"Greenhouse gas"
Greenhouse gas A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about , rather than the present average of . The atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain greenhouse gases. Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (), from 280 ppm

800,000 years. Its concentration is higher in the Northern Hemisphere since most sources (both natural and human) are located on land and the Northern Hemisphere has more land mass. The concentrations vary seasonally, with, for example, a minimum in the northern tropics during April−May mainly due to removal by the hydroxyl radical. Early in the Earth's history carbon dioxide and methane likely produced a greenhouse effect. The carbon dioxide would have been produced by volcanoes and the methane by early microbes. During this time, Earth's earliest life appeared. These first, ancient bacteria added to the methane concentration by converting hydrogen

carbonate sediments. The production of free oxygen by cyanobacterial photosynthesis eventually led to the oxygen catastrophe that ended Earth's second atmosphere and brought about the Earth's third atmosphere (the modern atmosphere) 2.4 billion years before the present. Carbon dioxide concentrations dropped from 4,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years. On long timescales, atmospheric concentration is determined by the balance among geochemical processes including organic carbon burial in sediments, silicate rock weathering, and volcanism. The net effect

"2018 World Series"
House, on a yet to be determined date. 2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games

2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in

played to determine postseason seeding, as both the National League Central and National League West divisions ended the 162-game regular season schedule with two teams tied for first. Both games were played on October 1, with the winning teams advancing to the 2018 National League Division Series and the losers facing off in the Wild Card Game. The Brewers beat the Cubs for the NL Central division title, and the West was won by the Dodgers over the Rockies. <section begin=Bracket /> <section end=Bracket /> The Detroit Tigers modified the Olde English 'D' on the home jersey to match the

entered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series

Life
eukaryotes, which have distinct nuclei bound by a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles. In addition, they possess organized chromosomes that store genetic material. All species of large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi, though most species of eukaryote are protist microorganisms. The conventional model is that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, with the main organelles of the eukaryotes forming through endosymbiosis between bacteria and the progenitor eukaryotic cell. The molecular mechanisms of cell biology are based on proteins. Most of these are synthesized by the ribosomes through

Life
are formed clonally or from a single germ cell that is capable of forming the various specialized cells that form the adult organism. This specialization allows multicellular organisms to exploit resources more efficiently than single cells. In January 2016, scientists reported that, about 800 million years ago, a minor genetic change in a single molecule, called GK-PID, may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells. Cells have evolved methods to perceive and respond to their microenvironment, thereby enhancing their adaptability. Cell signaling coordinates cellular activities, and hence governs the basic functions of

Life
is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, ""bases""). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of

"Domain (biology)"
Domain (biology) In biological taxonomy, a domain [/də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/] (Latin: ""regio""), also superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese. According to the Woese system, introduced in 1990, the tree of life consists of three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The first two are all prokaryotic microorganisms, or single-celled organisms whose cells have no nucleus. All life that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and multicellular organisms, is included in the Eukarya. The term ""domain"" was proposed by Woese et al. (1990) in his three-domain system. This term represents

Life
microbiology were created. These new organisms were originally described separately in protozoa as animals and protophyta/thallophyta as plants, but were united by Haeckel in the kingdom Protista; later, the prokaryotes were split off in the kingdom Monera, which would eventually be divided into two separate groups, the Bacteria and the Archaea. This led to the six-kingdom system and eventually to the current three-domain system, which is based on evolutionary relationships. However, the classification of eukaryotes, especially of protists, is still controversial. As microbiology, molecular biology and virology developed, non-cellular reproducing agents were discovered, such as viruses and viroids. Whether these

Life
chemical properties. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids; alongside proteins and complex carbohydrates, they are one of the three major types of macromolecule that are essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a

Life
an enzyme-catalyzed process called protein biosynthesis. A sequence of amino acids is assembled and joined together based upon gene expression of the cell's nucleic acid. In eukaryotic cells, these proteins may then be transported and processed through the Golgi apparatus in preparation for dispatch to their destination. Cells reproduce through a process of cell division in which the parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. For prokaryotes, cell division occurs through a process of fission in which the DNA is replicated, then the two copies are attached to parts of the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, a more complex

Life
of vertebrates and invertebrates respectively, and divided the blooded animals into five groups: viviparous quadrupeds (mammals), oviparous quadrupeds (reptiles and amphibians), birds, fishes and whales. The bloodless animals were also divided into five groups: cephalopods, crustaceans, insects (which included the spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, in addition to what we define as insects today), shelled animals (such as most molluscs and echinoderms), and ""zoophytes"" (animals that resemble plants). Though Aristotle's work in zoology was not without errors, it was the grandest biological synthesis of the time and remained the ultimate authority for many centuries after his death. The exploration of the

Life
cells by division. Cell theory was formulated by Henri Dutrochet, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow and others during the early nineteenth century, and subsequently became widely accepted. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of its cells, with energy flow occurring within and between them. Cells contain hereditary information that is carried forward as a genetic code during cell division. There are two primary types of cells. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, although they have circular DNA and ribosomes. Bacteria and Archaea are two domains of prokaryotes. The other primary type of cells are the

without cross-connections between branches. Members of the domain Eukarya—called eukaryotes—have membrane-bound organelles (including a nucleus containing genetic material) and are represented by five kingdoms: Plantae, Protista, Animalia, Chromista, and Fungi. No domain in the three-domain system includes non-cellular life. As of 2011 there is talk about nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses possibly being a fourth branch domain of life, a view supported by researchers in 2012. Stefan Luketa proposed a five-domain system in 2012, adding Prionobiota (acellular and without nucleic acid) and Virobiota (acellular but with nucleic acid) to the traditional three domains. Alternative classifications of life include: Domain (biology) In

"Sing (Ed Sheeran song)"
of January 2015. The music video for ""Sing"" was released exclusively to Sheeran's Facebook page on 22 May 2014, and added to Vevo and YouTube on 23 May, exactly a month before the album was released. It follows a puppet caricature of Sheeran on a night out, during which he gets drunk, steals a mic from actor, Peter Kwong from Big Trouble in Little China and sings karaoke, goes to a strip club and picks up Sheeran and Pharrell from a studio in his truck. Throughout the video Sheeran is seen playing his guitar in front of an optical illusion-esque

"History of education in the Indian subcontinent"
on astronomy and mathematics, and 5 books on mysticism. Another centre of prominence arose in Lucknow under Mulla Nizamuddin Sahlawi, who educated at the ""Firangi Mahal"" and prescribed a course called the ""Dars-i-Nizami"" which combined traditional studies with modern and laid emphasis on logic. The education system under the rule of Akbar adopted an inclusive approach with the monarch favoring additional courses: medicine, agriculture, geography, and texts from other languages and religions, such as Patanjali's work in Sanskrit. The traditional science in this period was influenced by the ideas of Aristotle, Bhāskara II, Charaka and Ibn Sina. This inclusive approach

"History of education"
and have been on the decline since. Public education expenditures in the late 19th and early 20th centuries varied dramatically across regions with the western and southern provinces spending three to four times as much as the eastern provinces. Much of the inter-regional differential was due to historical differences in land taxes, the major source of revenue. Lord Curzon, the Viceroy 1899-1905, made mass education a high priority after finding that no more than 20% of India's children attended school. His reforms centered on literacy training and on restructuring of the university systems. They stressed ungraded curricula, modern textbooks, and

privileged of the castes, followed by Kshatriya who could also wear the sacred thread and gain access to Vedic education. The Brahmans were given priority even over Kshatriya as they would dedicate their whole lives to such studies. The oldest of the Upanishads - another part of Hindu scriptures - date from around 500 BC. These texts encouraged an exploratory learning process where teachers and students were co-travellers in a search for truth. The teaching methods used reasoning and questioning. Nothing was labeled as the final answer. The Gurukul system of education supported traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically

the Republic of India, education in Pakistan and much of South Asia. Early education in India commenced under the supervision of a ""guru"" or ""prabhu"". Initially, education was open to all and seen as one of the methods to achieve Moksha in those days, or enlightenment. As time progressed, due to superiority complexes, the education was imparted on the basis of caste and the related duties that one had to perform as a member of a specific caste. The ""Brahmans"" learned about scriptures and religion while the ""Kshatriya"" were educated in the various aspects of warfare. The ""Vaishya"" caste learned

"Education in India"
etc. Chanakya, a Brahmin teacher, was among the most famous teachers, associated with founding of Mauryan Empire. Sammanas and Brahmin gurus historically offered education by means of donations, rather than charging fees or the procurement of funds from students or their guardians. Later, stupas, temples also became centres of education; religious education was compulsory, but secular subjects were also taught. Students were required to be brahmacaris or celibates. The knowledge in these orders was often related to the tasks a section of the society had to perform. The priest class, the ""Sammanas"", were imparted knowledge of religion, philosophy, and other

generating revenue estimates for nobility. Another trend in this era is the mobility among professions, exemplified by Qaim Khan, a prince famous for his mastery in crafting leather shoes and forging cannons. Prior to the British era, education in India commenced under the supervision of a guru in traditional schools called gurukuls. The gurukuls were supported by public donation and were one of the earliest forms of public school offices. However these Gurukuls catered only to the Upper castes of the Indian society and the overwhelming masses were denied any formal education. Before the introduction of British education, indigenous education

were educated in the arts and sciences related to government: politics (""danda-nıti""), economics (""vartta""), philosophy (""anvıksiki""), and historical traditions (""itihasa""). Here the authoritative source was Kautilya’s ""Arthashastra"", often compared to Niccolò Machiavelli’s ""The Prince"" for its worldly outlook and political scheming."" The ""Rgveda"" mentions female poets called ""brahmavadinis"", specifically Lopamudra and Ghosha. By 800 BCE women such as Gargi and Maitreyi were mentioned as scholars in the religious ""Upnishads"". Maya, mother of the historic Buddha, was an educated queen while other women in India contributed to writing of the ""Pali canon"". Out of the composers of the Sangam literature 154

"Satish Chandra Mukherjee"
Satish Chandra Mukherjee Satish Chandra Mukherjee () (5 June 1865 – 18 April 1948) was a pioneer in establishing a system of national education in India, along with Sri Aurobindo. Satish Chandra was born at Banipur in the Hooghly district, near Kolkata (Calcutta). His father, Krishnanath Mukherjee, had been a childhood friend and classmate of Justice Dvarkanath Mitra, who appointed him as a translator of official documents in the Calcutta High Court. Mitra was a leading believer in the Religion of Humanity as founded by the Positivist Auguste Comte. Adept of this faith, an atheist servant of Man and of

"National Policy on Education"
promote a common language for all Indians. The policy also encouraged the teaching of the ancient Sanskrit language, which was considered an essential part of India's culture and heritage. The NPE of 1968 called for education spending to increase to six percent of the national income. As of 2013, the NPE 1968 has moved location on the national website. Having announced that a new policy was in development in January, 1985, the government of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education in May, 1986. The new policy called for ""special emphasis on the removal of disparities

the study of Western science in India is that England itself was gradually outpaced in science and technology by European rival Germany and a fast-growing United States so the prospects of the British Raj adopting a world class science policy towards its colonies increasingly decreased. However, Deepak Kumar notes the British turn to professional education during the 1860s and the French initiatives at raising awareness on science and technology in French colonies. History of education in the Indian subcontinent The history of education began with teaching of traditional elements such as Indian religions, Indian mathematics, Indian logic at early Hindu

"Justin Bieber"
surpassed Lady Gaga for having the most followed person on Twitter in January 2013. In early November 2013, Katy Perry surpassed him for having the most followers. As of 2017, Bieber was the second most followed user of Twitter, while his VEVO channel made him the third most subscribed user of YouTube until by 2018 where it became the second most subscribed user of YouTube. The music video for Bieber's song ""Baby"" is the second most disliked on YouTube, receiving over 9.93 million dislikes since its upload in 2010, being only surpassed by the 2018 YouTube Rewind in December 2018.

Twitter
Dorsey), @biz (Biz Stone), and @noah (Noah Glass). A selfie orchestrated by 86th Academy Awards host Ellen DeGeneres during the March 2, 2014 broadcast was at the time the most retweeted image ever. DeGeneres said she wanted to homage Meryl Streep's record 17 Oscar nominations by setting a new record with her, and invited other Oscar celebrities to join them. The resulting photo of twelve celebrities broke the previous retweet record within forty minutes, and was retweeted over 1.8 million times in the first hour. By the end of the ceremony it had been retweeted over 2 million times; less

"Use of Twitter by public figures"
followers on his own personal twitter. Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India is the third most followed politician with 44.3 million followers. In the United Kingdom and United States, politicians use Twitter to communicate and interact with their constituents. During her presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton used Twitter to promote her campaign but unlike Obama, she did not follow back many of her new followers. In May 2011, 387 members of the United States Congress had Twitter accounts. During the primary race for president in 2008, John Edwards was also on Twitter. During the 2008 United States general election, during

"Caitlyn Jenner"
tweets by verified users from January 1 to November 10 of that year. Jenner amassed over one million Twitter followers in four hours and three minutes, setting a new Guinness World Record and surpassing United States President Barack Obama, who, a month before, accomplished the same feat in four hours and fifty-two minutes. Four days later Jenner was up to 2.37 million followers, with another 1.5 million followers on Instagram. However, Jenner was also mocked. Beginning in September 2015, she was depicted on the satirical American animated program ""South Park"", which parodied her supporters' political correctness, as well as her

Instagram
detect spam comments), which utilizes natural-language processing techniques, and can also filter by user-specified keywords. In May 2017, a survey conducted by United Kingdom's Royal Society for Public Health, featuring 1,479 people aged 14–24, asking them to rate social media platforms depending on anxiety, depression, loneliness, bullying and body image, concluded that Instagram was ""worst for young mental health"". In response, Instagram stated that ""Keeping Instagram a safe and supportive place for young people was a top priority"". In 2017, researchers from Harvard University and University of Vermont demonstrated a machine-learning tool that successfully outperformed general practitioners' diagnostic success rate

"Arsenal F.C."
separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Women are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood. Arsenal F.C. Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, the League Centenary Trophy, 15 FA Community Shields, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Arsenal was the first club from the South of England

"Arsenal F.C. in European football"
the opportunity to play in the European Cup. Between 1998–99 and 2016–17, Arsenal qualified in nineteen successive UEFA Champions League seasons, an English football record, and is only surpassed in Europe by Real Madrid. French striker Thierry Henry holds the club record for most appearances with 89, and is the club's record goalscorer in European competitions with 42 goals. Arsenal's biggest winning margin in Europe is a 7–0 scoreline, a feat achieved twice: firstly away at Standard Liège, during their successful Cup Winners' Cup campaign, and secondly at home against Slavia Prague, for the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League. Arsenal hold

will go to Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation. Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of May 2016, they are one of only six teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City and Leicester City, to have

2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%). In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%. As of May 2017, Kroenke owns 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%). Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief executive since 2009. Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued, and they are not traded on a

won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 13. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup ""Doubles"" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach

Arsenal F.C. Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, the League Centenary Trophy, 15 FA Community Shields, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League, in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and

have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Herbert Chapman won Arsenal's first national trophies, but died prematurely. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers, and added the white sleeves and brighter red to

the European club competition record for the most consecutive clean sheets with ten, set between September 2005 and May 2006. Club competitions between teams from different European countries can trace their origins as far back as 1897, when the Challenge Cup was created for clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who did not meet under normal circumstances. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, named after entrepreneur and sportsman Thomas Lipton, was established in 1909 and was contested between clubs from Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Switzerland; the competition lasted for two years. The earliest attempt to create a cup for national champion

Arsenal's kit. Arsène Wenger was the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record 7 FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles, and a special gold Premier League trophy. In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. In terms

and fitness practices, and efficiency with money have defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname ""The Invincibles"". This latter feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24

"Deadpool 2"
is dedicated to her memory. The film's score is the first to receive a parental advisory warning for explicit content, and the soundtrack also includes the original song ""Ashes"" by Céline Dion. ""Deadpool 2"" was released in the United States on May 18, 2018. It has grossed over $738 million worldwide, becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 2018, as well as the third highest-grossing R-rated film and the third highest-grossing ""X-Men"" film. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised its humor, acting (particularly Reynolds, Brolin, and Beetz's performances), story, and action sequences, with some calling it better than the

"Deadpool (film)"
was written by Reese and Wernick and played in front of ""Logan"". ""Deadpool 2"" was released on May 18, 2018, with Baccarin, T. J. Miller, Uggams, Hildebrand, and Kapičić all returning. Josh Brolin joined them as Cable. The film explores the team X-Force, which includes Deadpool and Cable. In March 2017, Reese said that a future film focused on that group would be separate from ""Deadpool 3"", ""so I think we'll be able to take two paths. [""X-Force""] is where we're launching something bigger, but then [""Deadpool 3"" is] where we're contracting and staying personal and small."" After the acquisition

chimichangas, traditionally Deadpool's favorite food, as well as ""Deadpool""-inspired Harder drinks. The campaign also included the chance to win a trip to the film's premiere through Harder, and the Los Angeles pop-up benefitted the nonprofit DTLA Film Festival. ""Deadpool 2"" premiered at Leicester Square in London on May 10, 2018. It was released in the United States on May 18, 2018, having been previously scheduled for release on June 1 of that year. Leitch's initial cut of the film was around two hours and twelve minutes, with ""nips and tucks"" done to it to get the run time down to

January, the film's release was moved up to May 18, 2018. In February 2018, Terry Crews was revealed to have a role in the film, the character Shatterstar was confirmed to be appearing, and the production returned to Vancouver for six days of reshoots under a new working title, ""Daisy"". Some reports emerged by mid-March claiming that these reshoots were due to poor audience responses during test screenings of the film, and consisted of sweeping changes. However, the film was soon confirmed to be testing better than the original did, up to 98 out of 100 over three different tests

May of that year. Several vendors provided visual effects for the film, ranging from the addition of blood and gore to the creation of the CG character Colossus. ""Deadpool"" was released in the United States on February 12, 2016, after an unconventional marketing campaign. The film achieved both financial and critical success. It earned over $783 million against a $58 million budget, breaking numerous records: it became the highest-grossing R-rated film, the highest-grossing ""X-Men"" film, and the ninth-highest-grossing 2016 film. Critics praised Reynolds' performance, the film's style and faithfulness to the comics, and its action sequences. Some detractors criticized the

plot as formulaic as well as the sheer number of jokes in the film. It also received many awards and nominations, including two Critics' Choice Awards and two Golden Globe nominations. A sequel, ""Deadpool 2"", was released in May 2018. Wade Wilson is a dishonorably discharged special forces operative working as a mercenary when he meets Vanessa, a prostitute. They become romantically involved, and a year later she accepts his marriage proposal. Wilson is diagnosed with terminal cancer, and leaves Vanessa without warning so she will not have to watch him die. A mysterious recruiter approaches Wilson, offering an experimental

Thanos, in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Also in April, Leslie Uggams confirmed that she would be reprising her role of Blind Al from the first film, while Fox gave the sequel a June 1, 2018 release date. Noting the release date, Leitch wanted to ensure that the film ""was worthy of a summer tentpole movie, and we knew we were going to be wedged in between some big films"", specifically wanting to expand the action and make the general feeling of the film ""bigger"" than the first one. However, he wanted the film to have the same DNA as the

first film, although a feeling of cynicism drew some criticism. An extended edition was released in August 2018, and a re-cut, PG-13 version of the film titled ""Once Upon a Deadpool"" was released theatrically in December 2018. A sequel, ""Deadpool 3"", is in development. After successfully working as the mercenary Deadpool for two years, Wade Wilson fails to kill one of his targets on his anniversary with Vanessa, his girlfriend. That night, after the pair decide to start a family together, the target tracks Wilson down and kills Vanessa. Wilson kills the man in revenge. He blames himself for her

footage was leaked online in July 2014, and was met with an overwhelmingly enthusiastic response. That September, Fox gave ""Deadpool"" a release date of February 12, 2016. Production was set to begin in March 2015, with Simon Kinberg joining as producer. Reynolds attributed Fox's green-lighting of the film entirely to the leak. He, Miller and the writers had previously discussed leaking the footage themselves, and Reynolds initially thought that Miller had done so. He later believed the leak came from someone at Fox. In exchange for being able to make the film the way they wanted, Fox gave the crew

of 21st Century Fox by Disney was announced in December 2017, Bob Iger said that Deadpool would be integrated with the Marvel Cinematic Universe under Disney. Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the eighth installment of the ""X-Men"" film series and the first standalone ""Deadpool"" film. Directed by Tim Miller from a screenplay by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, the film stars Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool alongside Morena Baccarin, Ed Skrein, T. J. Miller, Gina Carano and

win for Best Actor for ""Deer Hunter"" and Jill Clayburgh would win for Best Actress for ""An Unmarried Woman"" while Siskel called the wins for Jon Voight as Best Actor and Jane Fonda as Best Actress, both for ""Coming Home"". Both Ebert and Siskel called the win for Christopher Walken receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. According to producer Deeley, orchestrated lobbying against ""The Deer Hunter"" was led by Warren Beatty, whose own picture ""Heaven Can Wait"" had multiple nominations. Beatty also used ex-girlfriends in his campaign: Julie Christie, serving on the jury at the Berlin Film Festival where

other categories: Cimino won the film's only Golden Globe Award for Best Director. Other nominations the film included Best Motion Picture – Drama, De Niro for Best Motion Picture Actor – Drama, Walken for Best Motion Picture Actor in a Supporting Role, Streep for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Supporting Role, and Washburn for Best Screenplay – Motion Picture. ""The Deer Hunter"" was one of the first, and most controversial, major theatrical films to be critical of the American involvement in Vietnam following 1975 when the war officially ended. While the film opened the same year as Hal Ashby's

De Niro was so anxious that he did not attend the Oscars ceremony. He asked the Academy to sit out the show backstage, but when the Academy refused, De Niro stayed home in New York. Producer Deeley made a deal with fellow producer David Puttnam, whose film ""Midnight Express"" was nominated, that each would take $500 to the ceremony so if one of them won, the winner would give the loser the $500 to ""drown his sorrows in style."" ""The Deer Hunter"" won five Oscars at the 51st Academy Awards in 1979: In addition, the film was nominated in four

"Academy Award for Best Picture"
""The Silence of the Lambs"" was adapted from the sequel novel to ""Red Dragon."" The latter had been adapted for film as ""Manhunter"" by a different studio. Best Picture nominee ""The Lion in Winter"" features Peter O'Toole as King Henry II, a role he had played previously in the film ""Becket."" But ""Winter"" is not a sequel to ""Becket"". Clint Eastwood's ""Letters from Iwo Jima"" was a companion piece to his film ""Flags of Our Fathers,"" released earlier the same year. These two films depict the same battle from the different viewpoints of Japanese and United States military forces; the

the question of whether this conclusion was meant ironically or not – ""as a critique of patriotism or a paean to it"". The film's initial reviews were largely positive. It was hailed by many critics as the best American epic since Francis Ford Coppola's ""The Godfather"". The film was praised for its depiction of realistic working class settings and environment; Cimino's direction; the performances of De Niro, Walken, Streep, Savage, Dzundza and Cazale; the symphonic shifts of tone and pacing in moving from America to Vietnam; the tension during the Russian roulette scenes; and the themes of American disillusionment. Roger

the war as a whole. It is a brilliant symbol because, in the context of this story, it makes any ideological statement about the war superfluous."" Film critic and biographer David Thomson also agrees that the film works despite the controversy: ""There were complaints that the North Vietnamese had not employed Russian roulette. It was said that the scenes in Saigon were fanciful or imagined. It was also suggested that De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage were too old to have enlisted for Vietnam (Savage, the youngest of the three, was 28). Three decades later [written in 2008], 'imagination'

version of dominant masculinity in which male friendship is a powerful force"". It has a ""credibly humanist message"", and that the ""slow study of the men in blissfully ignorant homeland machismo is crucial to it"". The film holds a metascore of 73 on Metacritic based on seven reviews, and a 94% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews. The RT summary reads: Its greatness is blunted by its length and one-sided point of view, but the film's weaknesses are overpowered by Michael Cimino's sympathetic direction and a series of heartbreaking performances from Robert De Niro, Meryl Streep, and

Man Who Came to Play"" by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, about Las Vegas and Russian roulette. Producer Michael Deeley, who bought the script, hired writer/director Michael Cimino who, with Deric Washburn, rewrote the script, taking the Russian roulette element and placing it in the Vietnam War. The film went over-budget and over-schedule, and ended up costing $15 million. The scenes depicting Russian roulette were highly controversial after the film's release. The film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Michael Cimino, and Best Supporting Actor for Christopher Walken, and marked Meryl Streep's first Academy Award

still concerned about being able to sell the film. ""We still had to get millions out of a major studio,"" wrote Deeley, ""as well as convince our markets around the world that they should buy it before it was finished. I ""needed"" someone with the caliber of Robert De Niro."" De Niro was one of the biggest stars at that time, coming off ""Mean Streets"" (1973), ""The Godfather Part II"" (1974), and ""Taxi Driver"" (1976). In addition to attracting buyers, Deeley felt De Niro was ""the right age, apparently tough as hell, and immensely talented."" Hiring De Niro turned out

where was part of the classic surfing movie endless summer filmed

"The Endless Summer"
2000, Dana Brown, Bruce's son, released ""The Endless Summer Revisited"", which consisted of unused footage from the first two films, as well as original cast interviews. The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie (the initial release was in 1964, world-wide release was 1966). Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South

The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie (the initial release was in 1964, world-wide release was 1966). Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards

"Robert August"
Robert August Robert August (born 1945) is an American surfer and surfboard shaper. Raised in Seal Beach, California, he attended Huntington Beach High School where he was ASB President his senior year. He is most famous as one of the subjects of Bruce Brown's 1966 surf documentary ""The Endless Summer"", along with his friend Mike Hynson. The film follows the two around the world pursuing their hobby during the California offseason, meeting other surfers and discussing surf culture. August picked up surfing in the 1950s, when the sport's popularity had just begun to grow. His father, Blackie August, was also

Times"", Robert Alden wrote, ""the subject matter itself—the challenge and the joy of a sport that is part swimming, part skiing, part sky-diving and part Russian roulette—is buoyant fun"". The then-unknown break off Cape St. Francis in South Africa became one of the world's most famous surfing sites thanks to ""The Endless Summer"". In 2002, ""The Endless Summer"" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". In 1994, Brown released a sequel, ""The Endless Summer II"", in which surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert ""Wingnut"" Weaver

retrace the steps of Hynson and August. It shows the growth and evolution of the surfing scene since the first film, which presented only classic longboard surfing. O'Connell rides a shortboard, which was developed in the time between the two movies, and there are scenes of windsurfing and bodyboarding. The film illustrates how far surfing had spread, with footage of surf sessions in France, South Africa, Costa Rica, Bali, Java, and even Alaska. The sequel follows a similar structure to the original, with another round the world surfing adventure reflecting on cultural differences since the first film was shot. In

"Spring Breakers"
Korine had purposely collected a group of well-known young actresses with a similar reputation to Roberts in Hollywood. Ashley Benson was ultimately cast. The film was shot in March and April 2012 in and around St. Petersburg, Florida. The exterior shots and some interior shots of the college Selena Gomez's and Ashley Benson's characters attend were filmed at New College of Florida, while the dormitory and classroom shots were filmed at Ringling College of Art and Design.. Skrillex produced the film's score. Korine announced in 2013 he planned to ""remix"" the film's unused footage and alternate takes into an entirely

"Surf School"
now an alcoholic. With only one week until the championship begins, they must learn all they can from Rip in order to face the school bully, Tyler. Shooting took place in Costa Rica. ""Surf School"" premiered in Yuma, Arizona, home of executive producer Doyle McCurley, on June 1, 2006. Lionsgate released the film on DVD in the US on July 17, 2007. Reception has been negative. Phil Villarreal of the ""Arizona Daily Star"" called it ""a dumb indie comedy that serves up various sex antics copied from copies of ""American Pie""."" Hock Teh of IGN rated it 1/10 stars and

"Bruce Brown"
Bruce Brown Bruce Alan Brown (December 1, 1937 – December 10, 2017) was an American documentary film director, known as an early pioneer of the surf film. He was the father of filmmaker Dana Brown. Brown's films include ""Slippery When Wet"" (1958), ""Surf Crazy"" (1959), ""Barefoot Adventure"" (1960), ""Surfing Hollow Days"" (1961), ""Waterlogged"" (1962), and his best known film, ""The Endless Summer"" (1966), which received nationwide theatrical release in 1966. Considered among the most influential in the genre, ""The Endless Summer"" follows surfers Mike Hynson and Robert August around the world. Thirty years later, Brown filmed ""The Endless Summer II""

"White Water Summer"
from the mountain. ""White Water Summer"" was originally produced as ""Rites of Summer"" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains,

Once Brown got back to the states, he edited his footage into an hour-long film. Surfer Dale Velzy showed it at his San Clemente shop, charging 25 cents for admission. Velzy bought Brown a 16 mm camera and together they raised $5,000 to make ""Slippery When Wet"", Brown's first ""real"" surf film. In the winter of 1958, Brown went back to Hawaii to film the North Shore's big surf. On the plane ride over, the novice filmmaker read a book about how to make movies. Brown said, ""I never had formal training in filmmaking and that probably worked to my

Water
fog. Clouds are formed from suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, mostly in seas and oceans. Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water

"Water distribution on Earth"
Water distribution on Earth Water is distributed across earth. Most water in the Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from the world ocean's saline seawater, while freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of the total. Because the oceans that cover roughly 78% of the area of the Earth reflect blue light, the Earth appears blue from space, and is often referred to as the ""blue planet"" and the ""Pale Blue Dot"". An estimated 1.5 to 11 times the amount of water in the oceans may be found hundreds of miles deep within the Earth's interior, although not in liquid form. The oceanic

frequent and almost always not seriously considered when they were first developed. The total volume of water on Earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km³ (333 million cubic miles), with 97.5% being salt water and 2.5% being fresh water. Of the fresh water, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface. In addition, the lower mantle of inner earth may hold as much as 5 times more water than all surface water combined (all oceans, all lakes, all rivers). The total volume of water in rivers is estimated at 2,120 km³ (510 cubic miles), or 2% of the surface

Water
farther from the Sun (about 5%, or about 8 million kilometers), the conditions which allow the three forms to be present simultaneously would be far less likely to exist. Earth's gravity allows it to hold an atmosphere. Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provide a temperature buffer (greenhouse effect) which helps maintain a relatively steady surface temperature. If Earth were smaller, a thinner atmosphere would allow temperature extremes, thus preventing the accumulation of water except in polar ice caps (as on Mars). The surface temperature of Earth has been relatively constant through geologic time despite varying levels of

Water
Water Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is the name of the liquid state of HO at standard ambient temperature and pressure. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of

water is also very unevenly distributed. Although in warm periods such as the Mesozoic and Paleogene when there were no glaciers anywhere on the planet all fresh water was found in rivers and streams, today most fresh water exists in the form of ice, snow, groundwater and soil moisture, with only 0.3% in liquid form on the surface. Of the liquid surface fresh water, 87% is contained in lakes, 11% in swamps, and only 2% in rivers. Small quantities of water also exist in the atmosphere and in living beings. Of these sources, only river water is generally valuable. Most

based on tests on a sample of ringwoodite. Further evidence for large quantities of water in the mantle was found in observations of melting in the transition zone from the USArray project. Liquid water is not present within the ringwoodite, rather the components of water (hydrogen and oxygen) are held within as hydroxide ions. Water distribution on Earth Water is distributed across earth. Most water in the Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from the world ocean's saline seawater, while freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of the total. Because the oceans that cover roughly 78% of the area of the Earth

Water
substance. Water Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is the name of the liquid state of HO at standard ambient temperature and pressure. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form

Nature
in oceans and other large bodies of water, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds, and precipitation. Oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers, and polar ice caps 2.4%, and other land surface water such as rivers, lakes, and ponds 0.6%. Additionally, a minute amount of the Earth's water is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean,

Water
Earth. The study of the distribution of water is hydrography. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, of glaciers is glaciology, of inland waters is limnology and distribution of oceans is oceanography. Ecological processes with hydrology are in focus of ecohydrology. The collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet is called the hydrosphere. Earth's approximate water volume (the total water supply of the world) is . Liquid water is found in bodies of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, river, stream, canal, pond, or puddle. The majority of

"A Bend in the Road"
tried to arrest him. Eventually, Sarah's brother, Brian, tells her that he was the killer but explains that everything was an accident. Sarah thinks about how to tell Miles and when she finally does Miles is furious and wants to punish Brian. After hearing Brian's version of the story he went back to the crime scene and discovered that Brian's story might be true. He later followed Brian to the cemetery and made him promise that he would do something important with his life and eventually lets him go free. Brian later became an emergency room physician and had saved

"Missy Elliott"
saw many hardships. Elliott tells of domestic abuse by her father. She refused to stay over at friends' homes out of fear that, on her return home, she would find her mother dead. When Elliott was eight, she was molested by a cousin. In one violent incident, Ronnie Elliott dislocated his wife's shoulders and, during another, Elliott herself was threatened with a gun. At fourteen, Elliott's mother decided to end the situation; she fled with her daughter under the guise of taking a joyride on a local bus. In reality, the pair had found refuge at a family member's home

"Alice Crimmins"
and found guilty again in 1971, overturned in 1973, reinstated and reincarcerated in 1975. She was paroled in 1977. The Crimmins trial has been compared by some in the media to the Casey Anthony trial. Alice Crimmins Alice Crimmins (born 1939) is an American woman who was charged with killing her two children, 5-year-old Eddie and 4-year-old Alice Marie, known as Missy, who went missing on July 14, 1965. Alice Marie's body was found that day, and Eddie Jr.'s was found five days later. In 1971, she was convicted of murder of her son and manslaughter of her daughter. In

"Shannon Torrez"
her hands; her left thumb nearly being severed. After overpowering Woods, Torrez tied her arms and legs to a kitchen chair and slashed the struggling mother's throat. Stephenie, however was able to untie the ropes and grab a knife from her kitchen, but was strangled from behind until she passed out on the floor. Torrez then dragged Stephenie to the bathroom, and put her and Conner in the bathtub, locking the door behind them. She then took baby Abby, and escaped on Missouri Route 47. Stephenie awoke several hours later to Conner crying, and noticed that Abby was gone. Torrez

"Murder of Thelma Taylor"
full of thick underbrush. On the morning of August 6, Taylor began screaming for help after hearing workers switching train cars at a nearby train yard. Leland then killed Taylor when he struck her on the head with a steel bar multiple times and stabbed her with a knife. He then threw the steel bar and the knife into the river, wiped his fingerprints off of Taylor's lunch pail, and gathered up his cigarette butts. Leland buried Taylor's body in a shallow grave under a pile of driftwood. On August 11, 1949, Leland was arrested for automobile theft by the

"Fifty Roads to Town"
missing heiress, planning to elope with her fiancé. Peter forces her to spend the night in his cabin so as not to inform on his whereabouts. When she attempts to escape in the snow, he takes away one of her shoes. A sheriff and his deputies begin a search for an actual fugitive, Dutch Nelson, and are mistaken for trappers by Peter, who fires a gun to scare them away. The lawmen respond with machine guns and tear gas. Peter reveals to Millicent that the warrant is just to force him to testify in a friend's divorce. As she falls

"Carter Albrecht"
Carter Albrecht Jeffrey Carter Albrecht (23 June 1973 – 3 September 2007) was an American musician perhaps best known for his keyboard and guitar work in Edie Brickell & New Bohemians. He was shot and killed by his girlfriend's neighbor early in the morning on 3 September 2007. Originally from Derby, Kansas and a 1995 graduate of Southern Methodist University with a degree in piano performance, Albrecht was a pianist with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and taught piano in the mid-1990s. He was a member of Dallas band Sorta, playing keyboards, guitar, and providing vocals. Albrecht also fronted his own

"Road to Salina"
while trying to stop him. The revelation marks a turning point in Jonas' relationship with Billie, and from then on, she avoids him. Rebuked by her, Jonas explodes during an argument with Billie. Shaking her against a wall, he accidentally kills her. He runs away in the middle of a rainstorm in spite of Mara’s protestations. Mara begs him to stay and offers to help him hide Billie’s body under the station as Billie had done with Rocky, but instead, Jonas goes to Salina and tells the sheriff what has happened. The story is told in flashback. The film is

"Alice Walton"
has been involved in multiple automobile incidents, one of them being fatal. During a 1983 Thanksgiving family reunion near Acapulco, Mexico, Walton lost control of a rented Jeep and plunged into a ravine, shattering her leg. She was airlifted out of Mexico and underwent more than two dozen surgeries; she is said to suffer lingering pain from her injuries. In an April 1989 incident, she struck and killed 50-year-old Oleta Hardin, who had stepped onto a Fayetteville, Arkansas, road. Witnesses stated that Walton was speeding at the time of the accident, but no charges were filed. In a 1998 incident,

"Aimee Willard"
U.S. Route 1 marks the site where Willard's car was found. Aimee Willard Aimee Willard (June 8, 1974 – June 20, 1996) was a college lacrosse player who was murdered near Philadelphia on her way home from a night out with friends. Her car was left running, with the lights on and driver's side door open, on the Exit 5 off-ramp of Interstate 476. Her body was found the next day in North Philadelphia, 17 miles away. She was beaten to death with a tire iron. The beating was so savage that her skull had multiple fractures. The then-unsolved crime

"Thorin Oakenshield"
the Mountain in exile until Smaug was destroyed. Upon Thorin's death, the title passed to Dáin, his cousin and nearest heir. In the 1977 animated version of ""The Hobbit"", Thorin is voiced by Hans Conried. In the 1982 game ""The Hobbit"" Thorin appears as an AI controlled character and one of his seemingly random actions (""Thorin sits down and starts singing about gold"", which occurs when the player does nothing for a while) became quite famous. In the 2003 video game, Thorin is voiced by Clive Revill. Thorin briefly appears in ""The Lord of the Rings Online"" during the prologue

Aragorn
previous centuries. He died at the age of 210, after 122 years as king. The graves of Merry and Pippin (who had died in Gondor 58 years prior) were set beside his. He was succeeded on the throne by his son, Eldarion. Arwen, gravely saddened by the loss of her husband, gave up her mortal life shortly afterward in Lothlórien. Arwen and Aragorn also had at least two daughters. Upon hearing of Aragorn's death, Legolas built a grey ship in Ithilien, and sailed to the Undying Lands, along with Gimli. ""And when that ship passed an end was come in

"Njörðr"
sacrifices. The Swedes recognize him as their king, and pay him tribute. Njörðr's rule is marked with peace and many great crops, so much so that the Swedes believed that Njörðr held power over the crops and over the prosperity of mankind. During his rule, most of the Æsir die, their bodies are burned, and sacrifices are made by men to them. Njörðr has himself ""marked for"" Odin and he dies in his bed. Njörðr's body is burnt by the Swedes, and they weep heavily at his tomb. After Njörðr's reign, his son Freyr replaces him, and he is greatly

was buried with the Arkenstone, and Orcrist was returned and laid upon his tomb. The blade would glow blue should Orcs approach, and they could thus not take the Mountain by surprise. Thorin was succeeded as leader of Durin's Folk by his cousin Dáin. Part III of Appendix A in ""The Return of the King"" gives an overview of the history of Durin's Folk and gives more of Thorin's background. He was born in , and when Smaug attacked Erebor in 2770, Thorin was driven into exile with the other surviving dwarves. In 2799 when he was 53 (a young

to ride to Gondor's aid, Théoden enlisted Merry into his army, but did not let the hobbit ride into battle at Pelennor. In his last moments, he bid farewell to Merry and appointed Éomer the next king. Théoden's body lay in Minas Tirith until it was buried in Rohan after the defeat of Sauron. He was the last of the Second Line of the kings, judging from direct descent from Eorl the Young. The appendices of ""The Return of the King"" explain that Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor). He

Arvedui
Arvedui Arvedui is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, who was the Last King of Arnor before its destruction. Arvedui was the son of King Araphant of Arthedain. He was born in T.A. 1864 and came to the throne in 1964 at the death of his father. His name meant ""Last king"", and he was named so because of a prophecy by Malbeth the Seer: Arvedui married Fíriel, daughter of King Ondoher of Gondor, in 1940. This was the first renewal of contact between Arnor (the northern kingdom) and Gondor (the southern one), after a long

Durin
Bane. Durin was succeeded by his son, Náin I, whom the Balrog killed in the following year. Moria was then abandoned by its people. Durin VII or Durin the Last was the direct descendant of king Thorin III Stonehelm (according to some sources, his son), ruler of Erebor and the Iron Hills in the Fourth Age. His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of Dáin II after the Battle of Five Armies (although no record exists of the actual prophecy itself). He led Durin's Folk back to recolonize Khazad-dûm (Moria) at some (unspecified) time after the beginning of the

"Njörðr"
having once wed his unnamed sister while he was still among the Vanir, and the couple produced their children Freyr and Freyja from this union, though this custom was forbidden among the Æsir. Chapter 5 relates that Odin gave all of his temple priests dwelling places and good estates, in Njörðr's case being Nóatún. Chapter 8 states that Njörðr married a woman named Skaði, though she would not have intercourse with him. Skaði then marries Odin, and the two had numerous sons. In chapter 9, Odin dies and Njörðr takes over as ruler of the Swedes, and he continues the

Aragorn
feint on the Black Gate of Mordor itself in the Battle of the Morannon. Gandalf had been given supreme command of the war effort after the Pelennor Fields, and acted as chief spokesman in the parley with the Mouth of Sauron; but Aragorn commanded the allied troops during the battle and its aftermath. Upon Sauron's defeat, Aragorn was crowned as King Elessar (a Quenya name given to him by Galadriel, translated as ""Elfstone""), and he married Arwen shortly afterward. He became the twenty-sixth King of Arnor, thirty-fifth King of Gondor and the first High King of the Reunited Kingdom. His

"Týr"
up the wolf at home, and it was only Tyr who had the courage to approach the wolf and give it food.""). Later still in ""Gylfaginning"", High discusses Týr's foreseen death during the events of Ragnarök: ""Skáldskaparmál"" opens with a narrative wherein twelve gods sit upon thrones at a banquet, including Týr. Later in""Skáldskaparmál"", the skald god Bragi tells Ægir (described earlier in ""Skáldskaparmál"" as a man from the island of Hlesey) how kennings function. By way of kennings, Bragi explains, one might refer to the god Odin as ""Victory-Tyr"", ""Hanged-Tyr"", or ""Cargo-Tyr""; and Thor may be referred to as

what does the ghost of christmas present sprinkle from his torch

"Ghost of Christmas Present"
back. When he first appears before Scrooge, he invites him to ""come in and know me better, man"". According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Present appears to Scrooge as ""a jolly giant"" with dark brown curls. He wears a fur-lined green robe and on his head a holly wreath set with shining icicles. He carries a large torch, made to resemble a cornucopia, and appears accompanied by a great feast. He states that he has had ""more than eighteen hundred"" brothers and later reveals the ability to change his size to fit into any space. He also bears

a scabbard with no sword in it, a representation of peace on Earth and good will toward men. The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are the city streets, Scrooge's nephew’s Christmas party, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that ""If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future,

Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is a fictional character in the work ""A Christmas Carol"" by novelist Charles Dickens. The Spirit closely resembles Father Christmas from local folklore. The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirits (after the visitations by Jacob Marley and the Ghost of Christmas Past) that haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. He shows Scrooge how other people, especially those he knows, celebrate Christmas in order to show the reader what people think of Scrooge behind his

the child will die"", and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, ""What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population"". The spirit then warns Scrooge to ""forebear that wicked tongue until you have discovered for yourself what the surplus is, and where it is"" and chillingly tells him ""It may be, that in the sight of heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than MILLIONS like this poor man's child"". The spirit finally reveals to Scrooge two

"Ghost of Christmas Past"
cold-hearted miser. According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Past appears to Scrooge as a white-robed, androgynous figure of indeterminate age. It has on its head a blinding light, reminiscent of a candle flame, and carries a metal cap, made in the shape of a candle extinguisher. The ghost is often portrayed as a woman in dramatic adaptations of the story: After showing up in Scrooge's house, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes his hand and flies with him over London. It first shows Scrooge his old boarding school, where he stayed alone, but for his books, while his

"Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come"
dead, giving them more time to pay off their debt. After Scrooge asks to see some tenderness connected with death, the ghost shows him Bob Cratchit and his family mourning the passing of Tiny Tim. The spirit then takes Scrooge to a rundown churchyard and shows the repentant miser his own grave; Scrooge then realizes that the dead man of whom the others spoke ill was himself. Horrified, Scrooge begs the ghost for another chance to redeem his life and ""sponge away the writing on this stone"". Scrooge then watches as the Spirit's robe shrinks to become his bedpost and

"Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol"
Cratchit to take the holiday off. Scrooge goes home and gets ready for bed, but is visited by the ghost of his business partner Jacob Marley, who has been dead for seven years. Marley is bound in heavy chains due to his misdeeds in life, and warns Scrooge that he risks the same fate unless he heeds the advice of three spirits who will visit him over the course of the night. The Ghost of Christmas Present visits Scrooge and takes him to observe Cratchit and his family, who are counting their blessings despite their poor situation (""The Lord's Bright

for a single spectral hand with which it points. Although the character never speaks in the story, communicating entirely by pointing, Scrooge understands it, usually through assumptions from his previous experiences and rhetorical questions. It is notable that, even in satires and parodies of the tale, this spirit retains its original look. It looks the way it does because it represents what the future holds for Scrooge if he does not change his ways. When the Ghost makes its appearance, the first thing it shows Scrooge is three wealthy gentlemen making light of a recent death, remarking that it will

"A Christmas Carol"
miner's cottage and in a lighthouse. Scrooge and the ghost also visit Fred's Christmas party. A major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchit's family feast and introduces his youngest son, Tiny Tim, a happy boy who is seriously ill. The spirit informs Scrooge that Tiny Tim will die unless the course of events changes. Before disappearing, the spirit shows Scrooge two hideous, emaciated children named Ignorance and Want. He tells Scrooge to beware the former above all and mocks Scrooge's concern for their welfare. The third spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, shows Scrooge

"Haunted Mansion Holiday"
In the foyer, a grim rendition of Making Christmas plays while the Ghost Host begins to tell the story of what is happening at the mansion. A picture of Jack Skellington slowly changes into Jack dressed as ""Sandy Claws"". Doors open, letting guests into the famous octagonal portrait gallery. Large stained glass paintings line the walls, depicting innocent Christmas scenes. After the doors close shut, all goes dark with the horrendous sound of the paintings breaking in half. The room begins to stretch, the tension rises, and with a thunderclap, Jack's face appears in the cupola above, shouting: ""Happy Holidays,

"Bart Howard"
Bart Howard Bart Howard (born Howard Joseph Gustafson, June 1, 1915 – February 21, 2004) was an American composer and songwriter, most notably of the jazz standard ""Fly Me to the Moon"", which has been performed by Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Ella Fitzgerald, Nancy Wilson, Della Reese, Bobby Womack, Diana Krall, June Christy, Brenda Lee, and Astrud Gilberto, among others. It is played frequently by jazz and popular musicians around the world. Howard was born in Burlington, Iowa. He began his career as an accompanist at the age of 16 and played for Mabel Mercer, Johnny Mathis and Eartha Kitt,

"Fly Me to the Moon"
Fly Me to the Moon Fly Me to the Moon, originally titled In Other Words, is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song the year it was written. Since then, it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard, often featured in popular culture. Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon. In 1999, the US-based Songwriters Hall of Fame honored ""Fly Me to the Moon"" by inducting it as a ""Towering Song"" which is an award ""...presented each year to the creators of an

a “slow and solemn version” in 2012 at the national memorial service for Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong. Fly Me to the Moon Fly Me to the Moon, originally titled In Other Words, is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song the year it was written. Since then, it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard, often featured in popular culture. Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon. In 1999, the US-based Songwriters Hall of Fame honored ""Fly Me to the Moon""

me to the moon,"" but Howard refused. Many years later Howard commented that ""... it took me 20 years to find out how to write a song in 20 minutes."" He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song, and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders. Kaye Ballard made the song's first commercial recording, and Decca released it in April 1954. A brief review published on 8 May 1954 in ""Billboard"" said that ""In Other Words"" was ""...a love song sung with feeling by Miss

"Take Me to the Pilot"
Take Me to the Pilot ""Take Me to the Pilot"" is a rock song performed by British musician Elton John. The song was written by Bernie Taupin and composed by John for his eponymous second album in 1970. It was released in 1970 as the B side of the second single from the album, ""Your Song,"" which became the singer's first hit on both sides of the Atlantic. Many—including Elton John himself—find the song's lyrics cryptic and incomprehensible. ""If you feel that it's real, I'm on trial. And I'm here in your prison. Like a coin in your mint, I

plays full length featuring a cinematic series about 2/3 through the episode. Take Me to the Pilot ""Take Me to the Pilot"" is a rock song performed by British musician Elton John. The song was written by Bernie Taupin and composed by John for his eponymous second album in 1970. It was released in 1970 as the B side of the second single from the album, ""Your Song,"" which became the singer's first hit on both sides of the Atlantic. Many—including Elton John himself—find the song's lyrics cryptic and incomprehensible. ""If you feel that it's real, I'm on trial. And

individual song that has influenced our culture in a unique way over many years.” In 1954, when he began to write the song that became ""Fly Me to the Moon"", Bart Howard had been pursuing a career in music for over 20 years. He played piano to accompany cabaret singers, but also wrote songs with Cole Porter, his idol, in mind. In response to a publisher's request for a simpler song, Bart Howard wrote a cabaret ballad which he titled ""In Other Words"". A publisher tried to make him change some words from ""fly me to the moon"" to ""take

to Fall in Love"", ""Don't Dream of Anybody But Me"". He died February 21, 2004, at age 88, in Carmel, New York. He was survived by a sister Dorothy Lind of Burlington, Iowa and by his partner of 58 years, Thomas Fowler. The original title was ""In Other Words"", but so many people referred to it by the first lyric line, the publisher changed the title to ""Fly Me to the Moon"". Bart Howard Bart Howard (born Howard Joseph Gustafson, June 1, 1915 – February 21, 2004) was an American composer and songwriter, most notably of the jazz standard ""Fly

more popular when she performed it in front of a large television audience on ""The Ed Sullivan Show"". As the song's popularity increased, it became better known as ""Fly Me to the Moon"", and in 1963 Peggy Lee convinced Bart Howard to make the name change official. In the early 1960s, versions of the song were released under its new name by many well-known singers, including Nat King Cole, Sarah Vaughan, and Brenda Lee. Connie Francis released two non-English versions of the song in 1963: in Italian as ""Portami Con Te"" and in Spanish as """"Llévame a la Luna"". In

1962, Joe Harnell arranged and recorded an instrumental version in a bossa nova style. It was released as a single in late 1962. Harnell's version spent 13 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, reaching No. 14 on February 23, 1963, while reaching No. 4 on ""Billboard""s Middle-Road Singles chart. Harnell's version was ranked No. 89 on ""Billboard""s end of year ranking ""Top Records of 1963"". Harnell's recording won him a Grammy Award at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing. Harnell's version was included on his album ""Fly Me to the Moon

"What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
What a Friend We Have in Jesus ""What a Friend We Have in Jesus"" is a Christian hymn originally written by preacher Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada. Scriven originally published the poem anonymously, and only received full credit for it in the 1880s. The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868. William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn. The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages. The ""Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal"" notes,

""In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals."" In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh ""Calon Lân"" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as ""A Pure Heart""). In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as , which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to .

solace. It is translated as ""Preethi gala mana Yesu"" and it is listed in the Andhra Kraisthava Keerthanalu (Andhra Christian hymnals) as hymn No. 407. In India, the hymn sung in Konkani, ""Dulob Jezu"", was translated by Felix Paul Noronha of Mangalore. A version was sung during World War I with the line ""When this bloody war is over"" in place of the original title. The tune was used in the 1969 film, ""Oh! What a Lovely War"" with the title ""When This Lousy War Is Over"". The tune was used in Alan Price's song ""Changes"", which was written for

Another version was written by Ryūkō Kawaji with the title . It is also known by the title . The hymn is popular at wedding ceremonies in Japan. In Indonesia, the hymn is known as ""Yesus Kawan yang Sejati"" and is sung in Indonesian or Batak (the indigenous language of North Sumatra) in Manado, Maluccan, and Protestant churches (around 6% of the population). Statistically, the majority of Indonesians are Muslim (around 76%) but native religion elements have up to 90% of the total population and consequently the hymn is widely known only among musicians, scholars and Indonesia's Christian community. However,

"Joseph M. Scriven"
Joseph M. Scriven Joseph Medlicott Scriven, (10 September 1819 – 10 August 1886) was an Irish poet, best known as the writer of the poem which became the hymn ""What a Friend We Have in Jesus"". Joseph Scriven was born in 1819 of prosperous parents in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland. He graduated with a degree from Trinity College, Dublin in 1842. His fiancée accidentally drowned in 1843, the night before they were to be married. In 1845, at the age of 25, left his native country and migrated to Canada, settling in Woodstock, Ontario. His reasons for leaving his country

"Charles Crozat Converse"
Charles Crozat Converse Charles Crozat Converse (October 7, 1832 – October 18, 1918) was an American attorney who also worked as a composer of church songs. He is notable for setting to music the words of Joseph Scriven to become the hymn ""What a Friend We Have in Jesus"". Converse published an arrangement of ""The Death of Minnehaha"", with words by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He was born in Warren, Massachusetts. He studied law and music in Leipzig, Germany, returned home in 1857, and was graduated at the Albany Law School in 1861. Many of his musical compositions appeared under the

the 1973 film ""O Lucky Man!"" and later became a hit when used in the 1987 Volkswagen Golf television commercial. The tune was in the labor protest movement due to its wide popularity. ""Dump the Bosses Off Your Backs"" (words by John Brill) was published in the IWW ""Little Red Songbook"" and has been recorded by dozens of artists including Utah Phillips, Anne Feeney, and Joe Glazer. A Norwegian version was used in the film ""Trollhunter"". It was sung in the 1984 film ""Footloose"". What a Friend We Have in Jesus ""What a Friend We Have in Jesus"" is a

"Jesus Loves Me"
Heaven for His dear sake. </poem> In 1943 in the Solomon Islands, John F. Kennedy's PT-109 was rammed and sunk. Islanders Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana who found Kennedy and the survivors remember that when they rode on PT boats to retrieve the survivors, the Marines sang this song with the natives, who had learned it from Seventh-day Adventist missionaries. This hymn was titled ""China"" in some hymnals of the 19th century. Some early hymnals, such as The Modern Hymnal (1926) explain this title with a subtitled note that says, ""The favorite Hymn of China"". By the time of later

"Never Gonna Let You Go (Tina Moore song)"
Never Gonna Let You Go (Tina Moore song) ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" is a single by American singer Tina Moore. Originally released in 1995, the song reached number 27 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In 1997, a UK garage remix of the song by Kelly G was released and became a Top 10 hit in the UK, peaking at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. Several remixes are included on the CD and 12"" formats, such as the 'Tuff Jam Classic Vocal Mix' and 'Warehouse Junkie Mix'. ""DJ Magazine"" ranked it number 62 in their list of

"Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song)"
Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song) ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" is a popular song from 1983 credited to Brazilian musician and bandleader Sérgio Mendes and sung by Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller. Songwriters Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann (music) composed the song, which appears on Mendes' 1983 self-titled album. Weil and Mann originally submitted ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" to American funk band Earth, Wind & Fire, but they decided not to record the song. Dionne Warwick recorded the song on her 1982 album ""Friends in Love"". Stevie Woods had also recorded the song for his

the ""Top 100 Club Tunes"" in 1998. ""MTV Dance"" placed ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" at number 92 in their list of ""The 100 Biggest 90's Dance Anthems of All Time"" in November 2011. CD maxi-single (1997) Never Gonna Let You Go (Tina Moore song) ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" is a single by American singer Tina Moore. Originally released in 1995, the song reached number 27 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In 1997, a UK garage remix of the song by Kelly G was released and became a Top 10 hit in the UK, peaking at number 7

airplay chart the song debuted #26 on the May 13, 1983 issue; after six weeks it reached and peaked at #7 for one week; the single stayed on the top 10 for three weeks and remained on the chart for twelve weeks.. The song was successful, especially in Brazil, being played on Rede Globo's soap opera Final Feliz. Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song) ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" is a popular song from 1983 credited to Brazilian musician and bandleader Sérgio Mendes and sung by Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller. Songwriters Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann

"Joe Pizzulo"
Bacharach, Gladys Knight, Kenny Rankin, Dionne Warwick, Roger Daltrey, Engelbert Humperdinck, Melissa Manchester, Bette Midler, Graham Nash, and many other music artists. Joe Pizzulo Joe Pizzulo is an American vocalist best known as one of the lead singers on 1980s hit singles credited to Sérgio Mendes, including ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" (from Mendes' self-titled 1983 album) and ""Alibis"" (from the 1984 album ""Confetti""). Pizzulo has had several singles and soundtrack appearances, but he is also a prominent background singer for many artists. Joe Pizzulo started his music career with a band called Roadshow in 1969 after attending Ursuline High

1982 album ""The Woman in My Life"". Mendes, preparing for the release of his 1983 album, was quoted as saying, ""All the other songs on the album were up and festive. I needed a ballad on the album, just to change the pace a bit."" Mendes' version was a hit, matching the No. 4 peak of his previous best showing on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, ""The Look of Love"", in 1968. It spent four weeks at No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at No. 28 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart. On the ""Radio & Records""

"Rick Astley"
Rick Astley Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is an English singer, songwriter and radio personality. His 1987 song ""Never Gonna Give You Up"" was a number 1 hit single in 25 countries and won the 1988 Brit Award for Best British Single. By the time of his retirement in 1993, Astley had sold approximately 40 million records worldwide. Astley made a comeback in 2007, becoming an Internet phenomenon when the music video for ""Never Gonna Give You Up"" became integral to the meme known as ""rickrolling"". Astley was voted ""Best Act Ever"" by Internet users at the MTV

in 1992. Astley met Lene when she was working as a promoter with RCA in 1988. Lene is a film producer, and was nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for the Sean Ellis film ""Cashback"", on which she was the main producer. The family lives in the London suburb of Richmond. Rick Astley Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is an English singer, songwriter and radio personality. His 1987 song ""Never Gonna Give You Up"" was a number 1 hit single in 25 countries and won the 1988 Brit Award for Best British

"Never Gonna Let You Go (Esthero song)"
Never Gonna Let You Go (Esthero song) ""Never Gonna Let You Go"" is a song by Canadian singer/songwriter Esthero. It was released as the lead single from her third studio album, ""Everything Is Expensive."" Upon its release, the song became a hit in her native Canada, and peaked within the top 75 on the Canadian Hot 100, becoming her first entry on that chart. An accompanying music video, directed by Sean Michael Turrell, was premiered on YouTube in August 2012, and depicts a young girl who is in love with her male doll. The song was also used in a

"Never Let Me Go (Johnny Ace song)"
Never Let Me Go (Johnny Ace song) ""Never Let Me Go"" is a blues ballad song by American R&B/blues singer Johnny Ace, written by Joseph Scott and released in 1954 under Duke Records. The song is featured on the albums ""My Songs"" and ""Memorial"". ""Never Let Me Go"" was one of his eighth consecutive top ten R&B hits in a row, including ""My Song"", ""Cross My Heart,"" ""Please Forgive Me,"" ""The Clock,"" ""Pledging My Love,"" ""Saving My Love for You,"" and ""Anymore"". The song was R&B hit and peaked to No. 9 in October 1954 on ""Billboards"" Rhythm & Blues

The Miracle Season The Miracle Season is a 2018 American drama film directed by Sean McNamara and starring Erin Moriarty, Helen Hunt, William Hurt, and Danika Yarosh. The film is based on the true story of the Iowa City West High School volleyball team after the sudden death of the team's heart and leader, Caroline Found, in 2011. It was released in the United States on April 6, 2018. The film received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed $10 million worldwide. Caroline ""Line"" Found is the star volleyball player on the Iowa City West High School Volleyball Team and

"Resurrection (season 1)"
Resurrection (season 1) The first season of the American fantasy supernatural drama television series ""Resurrection"" aired between March 9, 2014 and May 8, 2014, on ABC in the United States. It was produced by ABC Studios, Brillstein Entertainment Partners and Plan B Entertainment with series creator Aaron Zelman serving as executive producer, alongside Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Joann Alfano and Jon Liebman. ABC ordered the show to series on May 10, 2013, giving it a limited run of 8 episodes, which began airing midseason of the 2013–14 television season. ""Resurrection"" was renewed for a second season on May 8, 2014.

who destroyed the first temple and exiled the two tribes of judah to babylon

"Jehoash of Judah"
people, and sent all their spoil to the king of Damascus"", ""execut[ing] judgment against Joash"" and leaving him severely wounded. Jehoash was eventually assassinated by his own servants at Beth Millo, and his assassination is portrayed as an act of revenge for the blood of Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada. Jehoash was buried together with his fathers in the City of David, although he was ""not (buried) in the sepulchres of the kings"". The extermination of the male descendants of David was considered divine retribution for his responsibility in the extermination of the priests by Saul, who had commanded his

captivity, along with prominent members of Judah. The Babylonians then burnt the temple, destroyed the city's walls, and appointed Gedaliah son of Achikam as governor of Judah. After 52 days of rule, Yishmael, son of Netaniah, a surviving descendant of Zedekiah, assassinated Gedaliah after encouragement by Baalis, the king of Ammon. Some of the remaining population of Judah, fearing the vengeance of Nebuchadnezzar, fled to Egypt. According to the Bible, and perhaps corroborated by the Cyrus Cylinder, after several decades of captivity in Babylon and the Achaemenid conquest of Babylonia, Cyrus II of Persia allowed the Jews to return to

had usurped the Throne of David. Athaliah was killed during the coup. After Jehoash was crowned, the covenant was renewed between God, the king, and the nation. The Tyrian cult of Baal, which was introduced under Jehoram and strengthened under Athaliah, was suppressed. Mattan, the priest of Baal, was killed as altars to Baal were destroyed. For the first time in Judah's history, the Temple in Jerusalem and its priesthood achieved national importance. According to the account in 2 Kings 12, Jehoash directed that the money paid by worshippers at the Temple should be used to fund its repair. By

"Tribe of Judah"
Tribe of Judah According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Judah (, ""Shevet Yehudah"") was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel. The Tribe of Judah, its conquests, and the centrality of its capital in Jerusalem for the worship of the god Yahweh figure prominently in the Deuteronomistic history, encompassing the books of Deuteronomy through II Kings, which most scholars agree was reduced to written form, although subject to exilic and post-exilic alterations and emendations, during the reign of the Judahist reformer Josiah from 641–609 BCE. According to the account in the Book of Joshua, following a partial conquest

"The Bible Unearthed"
loss of most of Judah's cities, but archaeology gives much more detail. For example, the fortifications of Lachish were heavily strengthened by Hezekiah, but it was besieged, fell, and was then burnt to the ground; according to an illustration on the walls of the Assyrian palace at Ninevah, the Assyrians deported the city's population and religious objects before they burnt it. The Bible claims that nearly 200,000 men in the army besieging Jerusalem were slaughtered one night by an angel, causing the Assyrian king Sennacherib to relent and return to Assyria; it immediately goes on to state that Sennacherib was

Jehoiakim
and then commanded Jehoiakim's body ""to be thrown before the walls, without any burial."" He was succeeded by his son Jeconiah (also known as Jehoiachin). After three months, Nebuchadnezzar deposed Jeconiah (fearing that he would revenge his father's death by revolting, according to Josephus) and installed Zedekiah, Jehoiakim's younger brother, as king in his place. Jeconiah, his household, and much of Judah's population were exiled to Babylon. According to the Babylonian Chronicles, Jerusalem fell on 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BC. The Chronicles state: The seventh year (of Nebuchadnezzar – 598 BC.) in the month Chislev (Nov/Dec) the king of

"History of Israel"
pre-writing verbal traditions. In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. The Phillistines were also driven into exile. The defeat of Judah was recorded by the Babylonians (see the Babylonian Chronicles). Babylonian and Biblical sources suggest that the Judean king, Jehoiachin, switched allegiances between the Egyptians and the Babylonians and that invasion was a punishment for allying with Babylon's principal rival, Egypt. The exiled Jews may have been restricted to the elite. Jehoiachin was eventually released by the Babylonians. Tablets which seem to

"Ezra–Nehemiah"
Judah"", to rebuild the Temple; 40,000 exiles return to Jerusalem led by Zerubbabel and Joshua the high priest. There they overcome the opposition of their enemies to rebuild the altar and lay the foundations of the Temple. The Samaritans, who are their enemies, force work to be suspended, but in the reign of Darius the decree of Cyrus is rediscovered, the Temple is completed, and the people celebrate the feast of Passover. God moves king Artaxerxes to commission Ezra the priest and scribe to return to Jerusalem and teach the laws of God to any who do not know them.

"Babylonian captivity"
in Babylon continued to consider Jeconiah as their Exilarch, or rightful ruler. Despite warnings by Jeremiah and others of the pro-Babylonian party, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar returned, defeated the Egyptians, and again besieged Jerusalem, resulting in the city's destruction in 587 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple, together with the houses of the most important citizens. Zedekiah and his sons were captured, the sons were executed in front of Zedekiah, who was then blinded and taken to Babylon with many others (Jer 52:10–11). Judah became a Babylonian province,

"Forrest Gump"
Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. It was directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth, and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field. The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted man from Alabama who witnesses several defining historical events in the 20th century in the United States. The film differs substantially from the novel. Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South

"Sally Field"
in the film version of ""Steel Magnolias"" (1989), she was nominated for a 1990 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Field had supporting roles in a number of other movies, including ""Mrs. Doubtfire"" (1993) in which she played Miranda Hillard, the wife of Robin Williams's character and the love interest of Pierce Brosnan's character Stuart 'Stu' Dunmyer. She then played Tom Hanks's mother in ""Forrest Gump"" (1994), even though she was only 10 years older than Hanks, with whom she had co-starred six years earlier in ""Punchline"". Field's other 1990s films included ""Not Without My Daughter"", a controversial thriller based

"Siobhan Fallon Hogan"
Siobhan Fallon Hogan Siobhan Fallon Hogan (born May 13, 1961) is an American actress and comedian. She appeared in films such as ""Men in Black"", ""Forrest Gump"", ""The Negotiator"", ""Holes"", ""Daddy Day Care"" and ""Going in Style"". Fallon was born in Syracuse, New York, United States, the daughter of Jane (née Eagan) and William J. Fallon, an attorney. She was raised Catholic. She graduated from Le Moyne College in 1983. She made her television debut in an episode of ""The Golden Girls"" in 1990. She appeared in 20 episodes on ""Saturday Night Live"" from 1991 to 1992. She also appeared

"Diane Ladd"
of Mississippi"" (1996), ""Primary Colors"" (1998), ""28 Days"" (2000), and ""American Cowslip"" (2008). Ladd is the mother of actress Laura Dern, with her ex-husband, actor Bruce Dern. Ladd was born Rose Diane Ladner in Meridian, Mississippi, the only child of Mary Bernadette (née Anderson; 1912–2002), a housewife and actress, and Preston Paul Ladner (1905–1982), a veterinarian who sold products for poultry and livestock. Ladd is related to playwright Tennessee Williams and poet Sidney Lanier. Ladd was raised in the Roman Catholic faith of her mother. Ladd was married to actor and one-time co-star Bruce Dern from 1960 to 1969, and

"Forrest Gump (character)"
childhood friend Jennifer Curran, who eventually becomes his wife. Tom Hanks portrayed the character in the film and earned an Academy Award for his performance, while Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed Forrest as a child. In 2008, Forrest Gump was named the 20th greatest movie character of all time by ""Empire"" magazine. Forrest was born near the small town of Greenbow, Alabama, on June 6, 1944. His father was absent during his life, and his mother said he was ""on vacation"". His mother named Forrest after their ancestor Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Scotch-Irish American and a noted Confederate general in the

"Laura Dern"
a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing the titular orphan in ""Rambling Rose"" (1991) and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film ""Afterburn"". She established herself as a Hollywood leading lady with a starring role in the adventure film ""Jurassic Park"" (1993). In 1997, Dern guest-starred in the ""Puppy Episode"" of the sitcom ""Ellen"", in which Ellen DeGeneres publicly came out. Following roles in such films as ""Citizen Ruth"" (1996), ""October Sky"" (1999), and ""I Am Sam"" (2001), Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best

"Hanna R. Hall"
the independent comedy ""American Cowslip"" (2009), opposite Val Kilmer, Diane Ladd, and Cloris Leachman. In 2012, Hall began working as a theater director in Venice, California, directing underground plays. She has also appeared on television series, including guest roles on ""Criminal Minds"" and ""Masters of Sex"". Hanna R. Hall Hanna Rose Hall (born July 9, 1984) is an American actress. She made her film debut in ""Forrest Gump"" (1994), and later appeared in Sofia Coppola's ""The Virgin Suicides"" (1999) and Rob Zombie's ""Halloween"" (2007). Hall was born in Denver, Colorado. Her family moved into the mountains when she was two

member of the Atlantic Theater Company. She had been a resident of Middletown Township, New Jersey and also has a summer home in Cazenovia, New York, a town outside Syracuse, where she grew up. A resident of Rumson, New Jersey, Fallon is married to commodities trader Peter Hogan and they have three children: Bernadette, Peter, and Sinead. Fallon was the speaker at the 2003 Cazenovia High School commencement. Siobhan Fallon Hogan Siobhan Fallon Hogan (born May 13, 1961) is an American actress and comedian. She appeared in films such as ""Men in Black"", ""Forrest Gump"", ""The Negotiator"", ""Holes"", ""Daddy Day

Hanna R. Hall Hanna Rose Hall (born July 9, 1984) is an American actress. She made her film debut in ""Forrest Gump"" (1994), and later appeared in Sofia Coppola's ""The Virgin Suicides"" (1999) and Rob Zombie's ""Halloween"" (2007). Hall was born in Denver, Colorado. Her family moved into the mountains when she was two years-old, but she remained in Colorado until age eighteen. After high school, she lived in Hawaii and Los Angeles before moving to Vancouver, British Columbia, where she attended the Vancouver Film School. When she was seven years-old, Hall attended Nina Axelrod's open casting call for Robert

"Lisa Blount"
in which low levels of platelets keep blood from clotting and lead to bleeding and bruising. ""I think that might have been part of the problem when she passed away because when I found her she had a purple look on her neck that looked like blood on the surface"". Lisa Blount Lisa Suzanne Blount (July 1, 1957 – October 27, 2010) was an American film and television actress, and Academy Award-winning producer. Blount was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to Margaret Louise Martin and Glen Roscoe Blount, and was raised in Jacksonville, Arkansas. After graduating from Jacksonville High School and

Iodine
Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. The elemental form was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811. It was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac from this property, after the Greek ""ἰώδης"" ""violet-coloured"". Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element.

Iodine
by mass action due to the precipitation of the insoluble salt. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, comprising only 0.46 parts per million of Earth's crustal rocks (compare: fluorine 544 ppm, chlorine 126 ppm, bromine 2.5 ppm). Among the eighty-four elements which occur in significant quantities (elements 1–42, 44–60, 62–83, and 90–92), it ranks sixty-first in abundance. Iodide minerals are rare, and most deposits that are concentrated enough for economical extraction are iodate minerals instead. Examples include lautarite, Ca(IO), and dietzeite, 7Ca(IO)·8CaCrO. These are the minerals that occur as trace impurities in the caliche, found in Chile,

Iodine
held by iodine's neighbour xenon: the Xe–Xe bond length is 308.71 pm.) As such, within the iodine molecule, significant electronic interactions occur with the two next-nearest neighbours of each atom, and these interactions give rise, in bulk iodine, to a shiny appearance and semiconducting properties. Iodine is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a band gap of 1.3 eV (125 kJ/mol): it is a semiconductor in the plane of its crystalline layers and an insulator in the perpendicular direction. Of the thirty-seven known isotopes of iodine, only one occurs in nature, iodine-127. The others are radioactive and have half-lives too short to

Iodine
who identified iodine first, but both scientists acknowledged Courtois as the first to isolate the element. Iodine is the fourth halogen, being a member of group 17 in the periodic table, below fluorine, chlorine, and bromine; it is the heaviest stable member of its group. (The scarce and fugitive fifth halogen, the radioactive astatine, is not well-studied due to its expense and inaccessibility in large quantities, but appears to show various unusual properties due to relativistic effects.) Iodine has an electron configuration of [Kr]4d5s5p, with the seven electrons in the fifth and outermost shell being its valence electrons. Like the

Iodine
the large electronegativity difference between iodine and oxygen, and they have been known for the longest time. The stable, white, hygroscopic iodine pentoxide (IO) has been known since its formation in 1813 by Gay-Lussac and Davy. It is most easily made by the dehydration of iodic acid (HIO), of which it is the anhydride. It will quickly oxidise carbon monoxide completely to carbon dioxide at room temperature, and is thus a useful reagent in determining carbon monoxide concentration. It also oxidises nitrogen oxide, ethylene, and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with sulfur trioxide and peroxydisulfuryl difluoride (SOF) to form salts of

Iodine
It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Iodine is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can

Iodine
also be used to treat thyroid cancer. Iodine is also used as a catalyst in the industrial production of acetic acid and some polymers. In 1811, iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois, who was born to a manufacturer of saltpeter (an essential component of gunpowder). At the time of the Napoleonic Wars, saltpeter was in great demand in France. Saltpeter produced from French nitre beds required sodium carbonate, which could be isolated from seaweed collected on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. To isolate the sodium carbonate, seaweed was burned and the ash washed with water. The remaining

Iodine
molecular weight of T and 59% of T. Fifteen to 20 mg of iodine is concentrated in thyroid tissue and hormones, but 70% of all iodine in the body is found in other tissues, including mammary glands, eyes, gastric mucosa, fetal thymus, cerebro-spinal fluid and choroid plexus, arterial walls, the cervix, and salivary glands. In the cells of those tissues, iodide enters directly by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). The action of iodine in mammary tissue is related to fetal and neonatal development, but in the other tissues, it is (at least) partially unknown. Recommendations by the United States Institute of Medicine

"Iodine in biology"
65% of the molecular weight of T4 and 59% of T3. The thyroid gland actively absorbs iodine from the blood to produce and release these hormones into the blood, actions which are regulated by a second hormone, called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones are phylogenetically very old molecules which are synthesized by most multicellular organisms, and which even have some effect on unicellular organisms. Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in biology, acting upon gene transcription mechanisms to regulate the basal metabolic rate. T3 acts on small intestine cells and adipocytes to increase

Iodine
be primordial. As such, iodine is monoisotopic and its atomic weight is known to great precision, as it is a constant of nature. The longest-lived of the radioactive isotopes of iodine is iodine-129, which has a half-life of 15.7 million years, decaying via beta decay to stable xenon-129. Some iodine-129 was formed along with iodine-127 before the formation of the Solar System, but it has by now completely decayed away, making it an extinct radionuclide that is nevertheless still useful in dating the history of the early Solar System or very old groundwaters, due to its mobility in the environment.

"India–Pakistan border"
India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south. Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging

the Pakistan's Punjab provincial border, is officially called the ""Working Boundary"" by Pakistan (which is a recent term) and international border by the Government of India. India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.

"India–Pakistan relations"
created Pakistan during independence came to be known as the Muhajir people; they are settled predominantly in Karachi and still maintain family links in India. Relations between Pakistan and India have also resumed through platforms such as media and communications. Aman ki Asha is a joint venture and campaign between ""The Times of India"" and the ""Jang Group"" calling for mutual peace and development of diplomatic and cultural relations. The Indo-Pakistani border is the official international boundary that demarcates the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat from the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh. The Wagah border is the

poles. The border between the two Nations is an internationally recognised frontier from Gujarat/Sindh only with exemption to the Line of Control that is not internationally accepted. The Kashmir disputed region is divided by the 1949 UN ceasefire line, established after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, into two main parts and the de facto demarcation dividing Pakistan-administered Kashmir from Indian-administered Kashmir has been called the Line of Control since 1972. Between Pakistan and India lies the Pakistani territories of AJK & Gilgit-Baltistan and, also the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. On the other side where the internal borders of

"China–Pakistan border"
China–Pakistan border The China-Pakistan border is 438km (272m) and runs west-east from the tripoint with Afghanistan to the disputed tripoint with India in the vicinity of the Siachen Glacier. It traverses the Karakorum Mountains, one of the world's tallest mountain ranges. The modern border dates from the period of the Raj when Britain controlled India, including what is now Pakistan. In 1899 the British, via its envoy to China Sir Claude MacDonald, proposed what became known as the MacDonald Line to the Chinese government, however the Chinese never responded to the proposal and thus the border was never formalised. Over

India–Pakistan relations Relations between India and Pakistan have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events. Relations between the two states have been defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir conflict and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations. Consequently, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion. Northern India and Pakistan somewhat overlap in areas of certain demographics, shared lingua francas (mainly Punjabi and Hindustani) and shared cuisines inherited from the Mughal Empire. After the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947, two new sovereign

only road crossing between India and Pakistan and lies on the famous Grand Trunk Road, connecting Lahore, Pakistan with Amritsar, India. Each evening, the Wagah border ceremony takes place at the Wagah border in which the flags are lowered and guards on both sides make a pompous military display and exchange handshakes. Hindustani is the linga franca of North India and Pakistan, as well as the official language of both countries, under the standard registers Hindi and Urdu, respectively. Standard Urdu is mutually intelligible with Standard Hindi. Hindustani is also widely understood and used as a lingua franca amongst South

from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts. Since the independence of India and Pakistan (see British India), the border has been a site of numerous conflicts and wars between each country, and is one of the most complex borders in the world. The border's total length is , according to the figures given by the PBS; it is also one of the most dangerous borders in the world, based on an article written in the ""Foreign Policy"" in 2011. It can be seen from space at night due to the 150,000 flood lights installed by India on about 50 thousand

"We Are the World"
We Are the World ""We Are the World"" is a song and charity single originally recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa in 1985. It was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie and produced by Quincy Jones for the album ""We Are the World"". With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is one of fewer than 30 retail singles to have sold at least 10 million copies worldwide. Following Band Aid's 1984 ""Do They Know It's Christmas?"" project in the United Kingdom, an idea for the creation of an American benefit single for

Are the World"" and raised over $63 million (equivalent to $ million today) for humanitarian aid in Africa and the US. Following the devastation caused by the magnitude 7.0 M earthquake in Haiti on January 12, 2010, a remake of the song by another all-star cast of singers was recorded on February 1, 2010. Entitled ""We Are the World 25 for Haiti"", it was released as a single on February 12, 2010, and proceeds from the record aided survivors in the impoverished country. Before the writing of ""We Are the World"", American entertainer and social activist Harry Belafonte had thought

with the song's bridge. This structuring of the song is said to ""create a sense of continuous surprise and emotional buildup"". ""We Are the World"" concludes with Bob Dylan and Ray Charles singing a full chorus, Wonder and Springsteen duetting, and ad libs from Charles and Ingram. On March 8, 1985, ""We Are the World"" was released as a single, in both 7"" and 12"" format. The song was the only one released from the ""We Are the World"" album and became a chart success around the world. In the US, it was a number one hit on the R&B

African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality. Several musicians were contacted by the pair, before Jackson and Richie were assigned the task of writing the song. The duo completed the writing of ""We Are the World"" seven weeks after the release of ""Do They Know It's Christmas?"", and one night before the song's first recording session, on January 21, 1985. The historic event brought together some of the most famous artists in the music industry at the time. The song was released on March 7,

for some time to have a song recorded by the most famous artists in the music industry at the time. He planned to have the proceeds donated to a new organization called United Support of Artists for Africa (USA for Africa). The non-profit foundation would then feed and relieve starving people in Africa, specifically Ethiopia, where around one million people died during the country's 1983–1985 famine. The idea followed Band Aid's ""Do They Know It's Christmas?"" project in the UK, which Belafonte had heard about. He also planned money to be set aside to help eliminate hunger in the United

Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube Edition)"", was posted to the video sharing website YouTube. Internet personality and singer-songwriter Lisa Lavie conceived and organized the Internet collaboration of 57 unsigned or independent YouTube musicians geographically distributed around the world. Lavie's 2010 YouTube version, a cover of the 1985 original, excludes the rap segment and minimizes the Auto-tune that characterizes the 2010 celebrity remake. Another 2010 remake of the original is the Spanish-language ""Somos El Mundo"". It was written by Emilio Estefan and his wife Gloria Estefan, and produced by Emilio, Quincy Jones and Univision Communications, the company that funded

version of ""We Are the World"" was recorded on February 1, 2010, and released on February 12, 2010. Over 75 musicians were involved in the remake, which was recorded in the same studio as the 1985 original. The new version features revised lyrics as well as a rap segment pertaining to Haiti. Michael Jackson's younger sister Janet duets with her late brother on the track, as per a request from their mother Katherine. In the video and on the track, archive material of Michael Jackson is used from the original 1985 recording. On February 20, 2010, a non-celebrity remake, ""We

returned to the studio and participated in the recording, which bears his name in the end credits. The participants eventually decided to sing something meaningful in English. They chose to sing the new line ""One world, Our children"", which most of the participants enjoyed. In the early hours of the morning, two Ethiopian women, guests of Stevie Wonder, were brought into the recording studio—it had been decided that a portion of the proceeds raised would be used to bring aid to those affected by the recent famine in Ethiopia. They thanked the singers on behalf of their country, bringing several

States of America. Entertainment manager and fellow fundraiser Ken Kragen was contacted by Belafonte, who asked for singers Lionel Richie and Kenny Rogers—Kragen's clients—to participate in Belafonte's musical endeavor. Kragen and the two musicians agreed to help with Belafonte's mission, and in turn, enlisted the cooperation of Stevie Wonder, to add more ""name value"" to their project. Quincy Jones was drafted to co-produce the song, taking time out from his work on ""The Color Purple"". Jones also telephoned Michael Jackson, who had just released the commercially successful ""Thriller"" album and had concluded a tour with his brothers. Jackson revealed to

Charles, two blind men, would drive everybody home. Each of the performers took their position at around 10:30 pm and began to sing. Several hours passed before Stevie Wonder announced that he would like to substitute a line in Swahili for the ""sha-lum sha-lin-gay"" sound. At this point, Waylon Jennings left the recording studio for a short time when it was suggested by some that the song be sung in Swahili. A heated debate ensued, in which several artists also rejected the suggestion. The ""sha-lum sha-lin-gay"" sound ran into opposition as well and was subsequently removed from the song. Jennings

"Tomato purée"
Tomato purée Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce. The definitions of tomato purée vary from country to country. In the U.S., tomato purée is a processed food product, usually consisting of only tomatoes, but can also be found in the seasoned form. It differs from tomato sauce or tomato paste in consistency and content; tomato purée generally lacks the additives common to a complete tomato sauce and does not have

the thickness of paste. To prepare tomato purée, ripe tomatoes are washed and the sepals and stem are removed. Some processors remove the skin of the tomato as well. The fruit flesh is then mashed or mechanically chopped to the desired consistency. Tomato purée can be used in soups, stews, sauces, or any other dish where the tomato flavor is desired, but not the texture. It is less often used by professional chefs, who find it to have an overly cooked flavor compared to other forms of canned tomatoes. This is sometimes a non-issue, as in long-cooked dishes, but in

quick sauces such as a marinara sauce it is undesirable. Tomato purée has approx 16% solids content. Lower solids content is due to filtering, higher content is due to concentration of the product. A related product, passata di pomodoro, is a tomato purée that is sieved and not cooked. In this form, it is generally sold in bottles or aseptic packaging, and is most common in Europe. Tomato purée Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and

"Tomato paste"
Tomato paste Tomato paste is a thick paste made by cooking tomatoes for several hours to reduce the water content, straining out the seeds and skins, and cooking the liquid again to reduce the base to a thick, rich concentrate. By contrast, tomato purée is a liquid with a consistency between crushed tomatoes and tomato paste that is made from tomatoes that have been briefly boiled and strained. Based on the manufacturing conditions, the paste can be the basis for making ketchup or reconstituted tomato juice: Tomato paste is traditionally made in parts of Sicily, southern Italy and Malta by

or ""concentrate"". In the US, ""tomato paste"" is simply concentrated tomato solids (no seeds or skin), sometimes with added sweetener (high fructose corn syrup), and with a standard of identity (in the Code of Federal Regulations, see 21 CFR 155.191). ""Tomato purée"" has a lower tomato solids requirement. In Nigeria, tomato paste is mixed with Coca Cola or any malt drink and used as a blood tonic. It is believed that the mixture helps the body gain blood quickly. Tomato paste Tomato paste is a thick paste made by cooking tomatoes for several hours to reduce the water content, straining

"Purée"
for fruit purées. The term is not commonly used for paste-like foods prepared from cereal flours, such as gruel or muesli; nor with oily nut pastes, such as peanut butter. The term ""paste"" is often used for purées intended to be used as an ingredient, rather than eaten. Purées can be made in a blender, or with special implements such as a potato masher, or by forcing the food through a strainer, or simply by crushing the food in a pot. Purées generally must be cooked, either before or after grinding, in order to improve flavour and texture, remove toxic

"Tomato sauce"
sauce is used in the same way as American ketchup. ""Tomato sauce"" may also be used in its generic English meaning of a sauce primarily based on tomatoes, as in a menu item ""Gnocchi in a tomato sauce"" where it would be understood that the sauce would be of the kind used in Italian cooking for pastas. In the U.S., ""tomato sauce"" refers to two distinct sauces. One is a tomato concentrate with salt and minimal herbs, used in cooking. This product is considered incomplete and not normally used as is. Related ingredients are tomato purée and tomato paste, each

spreading out a much-reduced tomato sauce on wooden boards that are set outdoors under the hot August sun to dry the paste until it is thick enough, when it is scraped up and held together in a richly colored, dark ball. Today, this artisan product is harder to find than the industrial version (which is much thinner). Commercial production uses tomatoes with thick pericarp walls and lower overall moisture; these are very different from tomatoes typically found in a supermarket. Tomato paste became commercially available in the early 20th Century. In the UK, ""tomato paste"" is referred to as ""purée""

of which is similar but of a thicker consistency. Tomato purée and tomato paste have FDA standards of identity (since 1939) for percentage of tomato solids, and generally do not contain seasonings other than salt; tomato sauce is nonstandardized. The second use of the term ""tomato sauce"" in the U.S. is for a cooked sauce of tomatoes, usually containing olive oil and garlic. This type of tomato sauce is generally served with pasta, and sometimes with meat. Less commonly, it is served with chicken or beef alone. One popular variety of tomato sauce is ""marinara sauce, ""an Italian-American term for

Miso
Although white and red (""shiromiso"" and ""akamiso"") are the most common types of misos available, different varieties may be preferred in particular regions of Japan. In the eastern Kantō region that includes Tokyo, the darker brownish ""akamiso"" is popular while in the western Kansai region encompassing Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe, the lighter ""shiromiso"" is preferred. A more nuanced breakdown of the flavors is: Miso's unique properties and flavour profile can be attributed to the compounds produced through the fermentation process. Miso, depending on the variety, consists of a starter culture called koji, soybeans, and usually a grain (either rice, barley,

when did chicano studies become major studies programs on college campuses

"Latino studies"
of Latino Studies significantly differs from institution to institution in terms of nomenclature, pedagogical practice, and disciplinary location—with examples ranging from degree-granting autonomous departments to interdisciplinary (and multidisciplinary) programs to university-affiliated research centers. The first Chicano Studies program was established at California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA) in Fall 1968 in response to demands articulated by student activism movements. Initially named the Mexican American Studies Program, the program was instituted at CSULA as the Chicano Studies Department in 1971. Similar initiatives developed simultaneously at other California universities. In 1969 at a statewide conference held at the University of California, Santa

"Chicana/o studies"
Chicana/o studies Chicano studies originated in the Chicano Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s. Chicano studies concerns itself with the study of Chicanos, Latinos, and Mexican Americans, drawing upon a variety of fields, including, but not limited to, history, sociology, the arts, and Chicana/Chicano theory. In many universities across the United States, Chicano Studies is linked with interdisciplinary ethnic studies and other Ethnic Studies fields such as Black Studies, Asian American Studies, and Native American Studies. Many students who have studied anthropology have also been involved in varying degrees in Chicano studies. Today most major universities in areas of

plan. While Chicano studies programs proliferated across campuses in California, Texas-based institutions also played pivotal roles in development of early Chicano Studies programs, including the Center for Mexican American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin in 1970 and the Center for Mexican American Studies (CMAS) at the University of Texas at Arlington founded in 1993. In 1969, a parallel wave of student activism took place at City University of New York (CUNY) south campus, spearheaded by the efforts of Puerto Rican and African American Students. These efforts culminated in the spring of 1969 when students staged the Open

in 1967, Ralph Guzmán, a political scientist was hired by Los Angeles State College to conduct a study which would lay the foundation for the creation of a national center for Mexican American studies at California State College, Los Angeles (CSCLA). Both Mexican American and Black Student Unions pressed CSCLA to have ethnic studies classes at this time. The Plan de Santa Barbara is generally considered to be the manifesto of Chicano studies. Drafted in 1969 at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the plan emphasizes the need for education, and especially higher education to enact Chicano community empowerment. The

1987 saw ""tremendous changes in the foundations of Chicano/a studies."" During this period, Chicano studies began to include more diverse voices that better represented women, homosexuality and other under-represented groups under the umbrella of ""Chicano"" while also acknowledging the many differences within the group. In 1981, the Mexican American Studies and Research Center (MASRC) at the University of Arizona was established. MASRC focused on contemporary applied public policy research on Mexican Americans. MASRC became a department in 2009. As the Mexican American Studies Department, it continued public policy research and teaching to addressing issues of concern to Mexican American communities.

and colleges to include Chicano studies came within the context of the African-American civil rights struggle. During this period, Mexican American educators demanded that colleges and universities address the pedagogical needs of Mexican American students. This was especially important because Mexican American student populations grew significantly in the 1960s. In addition, many young people and students were becoming very politically active and began to organize for political causes. A very prominent student organization that grew out of the civil rights movements of the '60s was the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO), which began to work towards educational reform. MAYO was

providing Mexican American faculty was considered a sort of colonialism and cultural assimilation. In addition, many Mexican American students were put at a disadvantage because speaking Spanish (even outside of class) was considered ""degrading"" or ""un-American."" Opportunities such as the Educational Opportunity Program (EOP) helped increase the number of minorities entering colleges and universities. Educators and students alike began to visualize ""an academic program that could serve and transform the Mexican American community,"" a program that would become Chicano studies and which was built by and for Chicanos. In 1967, anthropologist Octavio Romano along with graduate students at the University

to recruit Chicano teachers and administration within the schools to support students and research. Further support for Chicano studies came in the form of the National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies (NACCS) which was created in 1972 in San Antonio, Texas. The NACCS allows scholars in Chicano studies to exchange ideas, share research, communicate and it also has an annual conference. The conferences were important to help bring together scholars and legitimize Chicano studies, since other disciplines have similar annual conferences. By 1975, many Chicano studies programs were in place at major universities. The ten years between 1977 and

programs in response to demands articulated by student movements in the late 1960s in the United States. These movements unfolded amid a nationwide climate of heightened social and political activism, incited by opposition to the Vietnam War, the American Feminist movement, and the Civil Rights Movement. At some institutions of higher education in the United States, the 1970s and 1980s saw the consolidation of Latino Studies as an autonomous discipline while other institutions chose to maintain Chicano and Puerto Rican Studies programs—reflecting a diversity of institutional responses to the nascent academic discipline. Debates on the academic and institutional location of

"National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies"
National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies The National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies (NACCS) is ""the academic organization that serves academic programs, departments and research centers that focus on issues pertaining to Mexican Americans, Chicana/os, and Latina/os."" Unlike many professional academic associations, NACCS ""rejects mainstream research, which promotes an integrationist perspective that emphasizes consensus, assimilation, and legitimization of societal institutions. NACCS promotes research that directly confronts structures of inequality based on class, race and gender privileges in U.S. society."" The association is based in San José, California. NACCS was formed in 1972 in San Antonio, Texas, when attendees

"Abigail Hawk"
Abigail Hawk Abigail Hawk (born Abigail Diane Gustafson, May 4 1985) is an American actress known for playing Samantha Bonner in the 1995 TV series ""Reality Check"", Detective Abigail Baker in ""Blue Bloods"", Riley Thomas in the 2016 holiday TV movie, ""A Christmas in Vermont"", and Ellie in Domenica Cameron-Scorsese's 2017 directorial debut, ""Almost Paris"". For her performance in ""Almost Paris"", Hawk won the ""Best Actress"" award at the 2017 Golden Door Film Festival. Born in Marietta, Georgia, Hawk attended the North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences, in Sandy Springs, Georgia. While a student, she appeared in the

was changed to ""Det. Abigail Baker"" in subsequent episodes) in 2010, and thereafter appeared in all but a handful of episodes. In October 2017, Hawk was a guest of honor at the Spring Gala of HeartShare Human Services of New York, and received the Linda Dano Award. Hawk is married to FDNY Lieutenant Bryan Spies. Abigail Hawk Abigail Hawk (born Abigail Diane Gustafson, May 4 1985) is an American actress known for playing Samantha Bonner in the 1995 TV series ""Reality Check"", Detective Abigail Baker in ""Blue Bloods"", Riley Thomas in the 2016 holiday TV movie, ""A Christmas in Vermont"",

"Sami Gayle"
in 2012. She also appeared in ""Stolen"" and ""The Congress"". The former was released in 2012, and the latter in 2013. She co-starred in the 2014 film adaptation of ""Vampire Academy"", as Mia Rinaldi. Sami Gayle Sami Gayle (born January 22, 1996) is an American actress. She co-stars as Nicky Reagan in the CBS series ""Blue Bloods"". Gayle was born and raised in Weston, Florida. Her mother previously owned her own business and now works as her manager. Her father is an attorney. Gayle was home-schooled and followed Advanced Placement (AP) curriculums in all subjects. She was nationally ranked in

"Lynn Whitfield"
Lynn Whitfield Lynn Whitfield (""née"" Butler-Smith; born May 6, 1953) is an American actress and producer. She began her acting career in television and theatre, before progressing to supporting roles in film. She won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Josephine Baker in the HBO biographical drama film ""The Josephine Baker Story"" (1991). Whitfield spent her career after breakthrough performance as Josephine Baker playing the leading roles in a number of made for television movies in the 1990s, and had several

opera diva in the tradition of Joan Collins."" Whitfield was married twice. Her first husband was Vantile Whitfield from 1974 to 1978. From 1990 to 1992, she was married to director Brian Gibson and had a daughter, Grace. Lynn Whitfield Lynn Whitfield (""née"" Butler-Smith; born May 6, 1953) is an American actress and producer. She began her acting career in television and theatre, before progressing to supporting roles in film. She won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Josephine Baker in

"Jenny Wade"
Jenny Wade Jennifer ""Jenny"" Wade (born October 6, 1980) is an American actress known for playing Liz Traynor on the Fox television series ""The Good Guys"", Nina in The CW television series ""Reaper"", and the character of Honey Pie in the ""Feast"" film trilogy. Wade was born in Eugene, Oregon. She moved to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career in 1998. In 1999, she debuted on television in the MTV anthology series ""Undressed."" After Neil LaBute recruited her to star opposite Aaron Eckhart in his 10-minute film ""Tumble"", the filmmaker offered her an uncredited role in his 2000 comedy

"Amy Carlson"
on October 4,2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on ""Late Night with Seth Meyers"", and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records. Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural ""Blue Bloods"", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama ""Third Watch"", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera ""Another World"". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.

"Katherine Langford"
Katherine Langford Katherine Langford (born 29 April 1996) is an Australian actress. She is known for starring as Hannah Baker in the 2017 Netflix series ""13 Reasons Why"", based on the novel of the same name, for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination. In 2018, she appeared as Vesna in the independent comedy/drama film ""The Misguided"" and as Leah Burke in the romantic comedy-drama film ""Love, Simon"". Langford was born in Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and raised in Applecross, a riverside suburb of Perth. She is the eldest daughter of Elizabeth Langford (née Green), a pediatrician, and Stephen

"Seychelle Gabriel"
Seychelle Gabriel Seychelle Suzanne Gabriel (born March 25, 1991) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the feature films ""The Spirit"" (2008), ""The Last Airbender"" (2010), and ""Honey 2"" (2011) and the animated television program ""The Legend of Korra"". She is also known for playing Lourdes Delgado in the TNT series ""Falling Skies"". Gabriel was born in Burbank, California, the daughter of Michelle and Guy Gabriel. She has a brother named Dylan DiForte Gabriel, who works as a sound engineer. Her father is of Mexican and French descent, while her mother is of Italian ancestry. Gabriel

"Rutina Wesley"
her former Juilliard classmate Jacob Fishel, an actor. Wesley filed for divorce on August 16, 2013, citing irreconcilable differences. In November 2017, Wesley announced her engagement to Shonda, a female chef from New Orleans. Rutina Wesley Rutina Wesley (born February 1, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Tara Thornton on the HBO television series ""True Blood"" and Nova Bordelon on the OWN television series ""Queen Sugar"". Wesley was born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada. Her father, Ivery Wheeler, is a professional tap dancer, and her mother, Cassandra Wesley, was a showgirl. She

"I Know What You Did Last Summer"
parade. Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes that Ben was the man they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called ""Billy Blue"" and runs away. Ben appears, knocking Ray unconscious, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. On the boat, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the docks, and he begins tormenting Julie, chasing her below deck;

and Julie go to visit with David's sister Missy at her home. Missy explains to them that their family was devastated by David's death; she also mentions that a friend of David's named Billy Blue also visited her to pay his last respects. Later that night, the killer sneaks into Helen's house, cuts off her hair while she sleeps, and writes ""Soon"" in lipstick on her vanity mirror. The following morning, Julie finds Max's corpse wearing Barry's stolen jacket in the trunk of her car. When she calls the others, the body is missing. Julie, Helen, and Barry confront Ray

in which Elsa has her throat slashed while standing against a glass door had originally been shot from behind without any blood appearing on the glass; however, producer Feig worried that the scene appeared ""medically impossible,"" after which Gillespie re-shot it (post-principal photography) with a visual effect of blood spattering across the glass. Upon test screenings of the film, Gillespie and the producers decided that a death sequence needed to occur earlier in the film to establish a sense of legitimate danger for the main characters. The scene in which Max is murdered in the crab factory was subsequently filmed

I Know What You Did Last Summer I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Jim Gillespie, written by Kevin Williamson, and starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, and Freddie Prinze Jr., with Anne Heche, Bridgette Wilson, and Johnny Galecki appearing in supporting roles. Loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan, the film centers on four young friends who are stalked by a hook-wielding killer one year after covering up a car accident in which they were involved. The film also draws inspiration from

"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer"
They stop due to a BMW and body in the middle of the road. Ray discovers that the body is a mannequin dressed in fisherman's clothing. Suddenly, Ben Willis appears and kills Dave with his hook. Ben takes Ray's truck and chases him down the road. Ray gets away, but he is injured from falling down a hill. The next morning, Julie and Karla depart on the trip with Karla’s boyfriend Tyrell and their friend, Will Benson. The group arrives at the hotel in Tower Bay, only to find that other guests are leaving due to the imminent hurricane season.

film establishes a new plotline and does not star any cast members from the previous two installments. ""I Know What You Did Last Summer"" has also been parodied and referenced in popular culture, and credited alongside ""Scream"" with revitalizing the contemporary slasher film in the late-1990s. On the Fourth of July 1996 in Southport, North Carolina, Julie James and her friends Ray Bronson, Helen Shivers, and Barry Cox drive to the beach after attending a party. While driving along a coastal byway, they accidentally hit a pedestrian. Julie's friend Max passes by them on the road. Julie reassures Max that

"I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel)"
and Bud challenges him, then says Julie will not go to Smith College because of him. Later, Collie appears in Helen's apartment and solemnly states that he is Daniel's older brother, he shot Barry, and he left the picture on her door. Then he says he will kill her and the girl he is going out with that night. Helen panics and locks herself in her bathroom; when Collie tries to take the door off its hinges, she breaks the bathroom window and jumps out. While Julie prepares to go out with Bud, her mother says she is worried and

island. Ben appears and stabs Tyrell in the throat with his hook, killing him. The girls retreat to the attic, where Karla is attacked by Ben. They both fall through to the hotel bedroom below. Karla runs from the room and jumps onto the greenhouse. Julie and Nancy rescue Karla and run to the storm cellar to take refuge. They find that the storm cellar stores Ben's victims. Will bursts in and convinces the girls to head back to the hotel, stating that he saw Ben on the beach. Back at the hotel, Julie sees Will is bleeding from his

Estes explains that Ben and his wife Sarah had two children: son Will and daughter Susie. Ben murdered Sarah in the hotel room that Julie is staying in when he found out about her affair and her plans to leave him with their children. Estes goes missing, and Will volunteers to find him. Julie, Karla, and Tyrell return to the hotel and gather supplies to defend themselves. They head to the hotel kitchen for something to eat, and find Nancy, the bartender, hiding in the freezer. Will finds Estes, but he attacks Will while Ray takes a boat to the

"Shooting of Trayvon Martin"
the U.S., various acts of vandalism, assaults and crimes were connected in part to alleged revenge for the shooting of Trayvon Martin. Film director Spike Lee retweeted to his 200,000 Twitter followers an address in Sanford, Florida, erroneously purported to be Zimmerman's, which forced a family out of their home to avoid harassment after they received hate mail and unwanted visits from reporters. Lee was criticized for his retweet and he later issued an apology for having tweeted the wrong address. Lee also ""settled financially"" with the Florida couple for an undisclosed amount. Professor Alan Dershowitz criticized the probable cause

the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the Indian Plate to compress at a rate of 4 cm/yr (1.6 in/yr). India is divided into 29 states (further subdivided into districts) and 7 union territories including The National capital territory (I.e., Delhi). India's borders run a total length of . Its borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh were delineated according to the Radcliffe Line, which was created in 1947 during Partition of India. Its western border with Pakistan extends up to , dividing the Punjab region and running along the boundaries of the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch. This border runs

Geography of India India lies on the Indian Plate, the northern portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, whose continental crust forms the Indian subcontinent. The country is situated north of the equator between 8°04' to 37°06' north latitude and 68°07' to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of . India measures from north to south and from east to west. It has a land frontier of and a coastline of . On the south, India projects into and is bounded by the Indian Ocean –- in particular, by the Arabian Sea on

Tripoint
Tripoint A tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet. There are approximately 176 international tripoints. Nearly half are situated in rivers, lakes or seas. On dry land, the exact tripoints are usually indicated by markers or pillars, and occasionally by larger monuments. Usually, the more neighbours a country has, the more international tripoints that country has. China with 16 tripoints and Russia with 11 to 14 lead the list of states by number of tripoints. Within Europe, landlocked Austria has nine tripoints, among them two

Tripoint
mountain Tavan-Bogdo-Ula (Kuitunshan, Tavan Bogd Uul). Tripoint A tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet. There are approximately 176 international tripoints. Nearly half are situated in rivers, lakes or seas. On dry land, the exact tripoints are usually indicated by markers or pillars, and occasionally by larger monuments. Usually, the more neighbours a country has, the more international tripoints that country has. China with 16 tripoints and Russia with 11 to 14 lead the list of states by number of tripoints. Within Europe, landlocked Austria

"Borders of India"
Borders of India India shares international land borders with six sovereign countries. Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of 12 nautical mile territorial sea and 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone, has more than 7000 km maritime border shared with 7 nations. The map of ICP and LCS. India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of

India
and Vindhya ranges in central India. These parallel chains run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east. To the south, the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the west and east by coastal ranges known as the Western and Eastern Ghats; the plateau contains the country's oldest rock formations, some over one billion years old. Constituted in such fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 6° 44' and 35° 30' north latitude and 68° 7' and 97° 25' east longitude.

Island. Northernmost point which is under Indian administration is Indira Col, Siachen Glacier. India's territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of from the coast baseline. The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range, where the country borders China, Bhutan, and Nepal. Its western border with Pakistan lies in the Karakoram range, Punjab Plains, the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch salt marshes. In the far northeast, the Chin Hills and Kachin Hills, deeply forested mountainous regions, separate India from Burma. On the east, its border with Bangladesh is largely defined by

and are classified as union territories. The Lakshadweep Islands lie off the coast of Kerala in the Arabian sea with an area of . They consist of twelve atolls, three reefs, and five submerged banks, with a total of about 35 islands and islets.) (The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located between 6° and 14° north latitude and 92° and 94° east longitude. They consist of 572 islands, lying in the Bay of Bengal near the Myanma coast running in a North-South axis for approximately 910 km. They are located from Kolkata (Calcutta) and from Cape Negrais in Burma. The

along the Indian states of Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Punjab. Both nations delineated a Line of Control (LoC) to serve as the informal boundary between the Indian and Pakistan-occupied areas of Jammu and Kashmir. India shares a border with Afghanistan in northwestern Kashmir, which Pakistan occupies. India's border with Bangladesh runs . West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are the States which share the border with Bangladesh. Before 2015, there were 92 enclaves of Bangladesh on Indian soil and 106 enclaves of India were on Bangladeshi soil. These enclaves were eventually exchanged in order to simplify the

"Wicked (musical)"
Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Robert Morse as the Wizard, Norbert Leo Butz as Fiyero, Michelle Federer as Nessarose, Carole Shelley as Madame Morrible, John Horton as Doctor Dillamond, and Kirk McDonald as Boq while Stephanie J. Block, who originally read the role of Elphaba in workshop development, served as an ensemble member and understudied the lead role. The tryout closed on June 29, 2003, and after extensive retooling, the musical began previews on Broadway at the Gershwin Theatre on October 8, 2003, and made its official premiere on October 30. Most of the original production team and cast members remained

survival at the end, Nessarose using a wheelchair instead of being born without arms, Boq having a continuing love interest for Glinda - and eventually becoming the Tin Woodman instead of Nick Chopper, the complete cutting of Elphaba's years in the Vinkus, the deletion of Liir's birth, Fiyero not having a wife and children, and Doctor Dillamond not being murdered. The book, lyrics, and score for the musical were developed through a series of readings. For these developmental workshops, Kristin Chenoweth, the Tony Award–winning actress whom Stephen Schwartz had in mind while composing the music for the character, joined the

March 15, 2015. The tour played 4,160 performances at 124 engagements, and grossed over $790 million (an average of $1.5 million a week). It was seen by 10.3 million people in 55 cities. The closing cast included Jennifer DiNoia as Elphaba, Chandra Lee Schwartz as Glinda, Nick Adams as Fiyero, Kim Zimmer as Madam Morrible, Tim Kazurinsky as The Wizard, Jenny Florkowski as Nessarose, Tom Flynn as Doctor Dillamond and Etai Benson as Boq. While the original touring cast intended to play a limited engagement from April 29 to June 12, 2005 at the Oriental Theatre in Chicago, producers decided

with the show, with the exception of some minor ensemble changes and the replacement of Robert Morse with Joel Grey as the Wizard, John Horton with William Youmans as Doctor Dillamond and Kirk McDonald with Christopher Fitzgerald as Boq, while Eden Espinosa and Laura Bell Bundy were added as standbys for Elphaba and Glinda respectively. In 2005, the first national tour of ""Wicked"" (called the ""Emerald City Tour"" by the producers) started in Toronto, Ontario, and has since visited numerous cities throughout the United States and Canada. Stephanie J. Block was set to open the tour as Elphaba with previews

In celebration of the musical's 10th anniversary, the tour played an eight-week return engagement, returning to the Oriental Theatre, from October 30 through December 21, 2013. An open-ended production also appeared in Los Angeles, California at the Pantages Theatre. Performances began on February 10, 2007, with an official opening on February 21. Megan Hilty and original Broadway standby Eden Espinosa were Glinda and Elphaba respectively while Carol Kane was Madame Morrible, Timothy Britten Parker was Doctor Dillamond, Jenna Leigh Green was Nessarose, Adam Wylie was Boq, Kristoffer Cusick was Fiyero, and John Rubinstein was the Wizard. The production closed on

beginning March 8, but after having sustained a minor injury in rehearsal, Kristy Cates temporarily took her place. Previews were therefore postponed until the following day. After some delay, Block made her debut on March 25, and the tour officially opened on March 31. The original touring cast also included Kendra Kassebaum as Glinda, Derrick Williams as Fiyero, Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose, Carol Kane as Madame Morrible, Timothy Britten Parker as Doctor Dillamond, Logan Lipton as Boq, and David Garrison as the Wizard. After a decade of shows, the tour concluded at the Pantages Theatre in Los Angeles on

and the ""powerhouse"" performances of actors in the roles of the two witches. However, contemporaries have characterized the production as overblown, occasionally preachy, and suffering from more hype than heart. Although Charles Spencer of ""The Daily Telegraph"" described it as ""at times ... a bit of a mess,"" he praised Holzman's script, described Kenneth Posner's lighting design as ""magical"" and lauded Menzel's Elphaba and Helen Dallimore's Glinda. Michael Billington of ""The Guardian"" gave it three out of five stars and remarked on the competence of all the lead actors; however, he complained that ""Wicked"" was ""all too typical of the

included Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda, and Joel Grey as the Wizard. The original Broadway production won three Tony Awards and six Drama Desk Awards, while its original cast album received a Grammy Award. ""Wicked"" celebrated its tenth anniversary on Broadway on October 30, 2013. On July 12, 2018, with its 6,138th performance, it surpassed ""A Chorus Line"" to become Broadway's sixth-longest running show. A typical performance takes approximately two hours and 30 minutes, plus a 15-minute intermission. The success of the Broadway production has spawned several other productions worldwide, including various North American productions, a long-running

run from January 22 through March 9, 2014 after having been extended from its original closing date. At the time of the ""Wicked""’s 10th Anniversary on Broadway, the show announced it would return to Australia for a commemorative national tour, beginning in Melbourne on May 10, 2014. Lucy Durack returned as Glinda, with Jemma Rix continuing as Elphaba. The final cast included Suzie Mathers (who had returned once Durack announced her pregnancy) as Glinda, Steve Danielsen as Fiyero, Simon Gallaher as the Wizard, Edward Grey as Boq, Emily Cascarino as Nessarose, Glen Hogstrom as Doctor Dillamond and original cast members

making extensive changes, tweaking it before its transfer to Broadway. Winnie Holzman stated, ""Stephen [Schwartz] wisely had insisted on having three months to rewrite in between the time we closed in San Francisco and when we were to go back into rehearsals in New York. That was crucial; that was the thing that made the biggest difference in the life of the show. That time is what made the show work."" Elements of the book were rewritten, while several songs underwent minor transformations. This included the excision of ""Which Way is the Party?"", the introductory song to the character Fiyero,

"Easter Friday"
examples, in 2009 it fell on 17 April, and in 2010 it fell on 9 April. It fell on April 29 in 2011 and on April 13 in 2012. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite, this day is referred to as ""Bright Friday"". All of the services for Pascha (Easter) are repeated every day of Bright Week (Easter Week), except for the hymns from the Octoechos. On Bright Friday, the Resurrection hymns from the Octoechos are taken from Tone Six. In addition to the Paschal hymns, propers in honour of the

Easter
retail stores, shopping malls, and restaurants are closed on Easter Sunday. Good Friday, which occurs two days before Easter Sunday, is also a public holiday in many countries, as well as in 12 U.S. states. Even in states where Good Friday is not a holiday, many financial institutions, stock markets, and public schools are closed. Few banks that are normally open on regular Sundays are closed on Easter. In the Nordic countries Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Easter Monday are public holidays, and Good Friday and Easter Monday are bank holidays. In Denmark, Iceland and Norway Maundy Thursday is also

quickly became an icon of the Dodgers and their new California lifestyle. O'Malley was determined that there would not be a bad seat in the house, achieving this by cantilevered grandstands that have since been widely imitated. More importantly for the team, the stadium's spacious dimensions, along with other factors, gave defense an advantage over offense and the Dodgers moved to take advantage of this by assembling a team that would excel with its pitching. Since moving to Los Angeles, the Dodgers have won 11 more National League Championships and five World Series rings. The Dodgers' official history reports that

San Francisco Giants have also collectively appeared 20 times. The Giants have won two more World Series (8); the Dodgers and Giants share the record of 23 National League Pennants. Although the two franchises have enjoyed near equal success, the city rivalries are rather lopsided and in both cases, a team's championships have predated to the other's first one in that particular location. When the two teams were based in New York, the Giants won five World Series championships, and the Dodgers one. After the move to California, the Dodgers have won five in Los Angeles, the Giants have won

"It – Chapter Two"
It – Chapter Two It: Chapter Two is an upcoming American supernatural horror film and the sequel to the 2017 film ""It"". Both parts were adapted from the 1986 novel ""It"" by Stephen King. The second part is directed by Andy Muschietti and written by Gary Dauberman. Set in 2016, 27 years after the events of 1989 described in the first film, the film stars Bill Skarsgård, who reprises his role as Pennywise. James McAvoy, Jessica Chastain, Jay Ryan, Bill Hader, Isaiah Mustafa, James Ransone, and Andy Bean portray the adult versions of The Losers Club, while Jaeden Lieberher, Sophia

"It (2017 film)"
It (2017 film) It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King. The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman. The film is set in the summer of 1989 and tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process. The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries. The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough

Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing horror film and the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film (after the ""Deadpool"" films and ""The Matrix Reloaded""), as well as the most profitable horror film. It received positive reviews, with critics praising the performances, direction, cinematography and musical score, with many calling it one of the best Stephen King adaptations. A sequel, ""It: Chapter Two"", is scheduled to be released on September 6, 2019. In October 1988, Bill Denbrough gives his six-year-old brother, Georgie, a paper sailboat. Georgie sails the boat along the rainy streets of small town Derry, and is disappointed when it falls

Tourism Centre became the City of Derry office, and numerous shops had their frontage changed. A statue of Paul Bunyan was erected in Memorial Park, US flags hung in place of Canadian flags downtown, and Port Hope Capitol Theatre had appeared to be showing ""Batman"" and ""Lethal Weapon 2"", confirming the film's 1989 setting. On July 11, 2016, preliminary shooting took place in Port Hope Town Hall, Memorial Park cenotaph, Queen Street, between Walton and Robertson streets and the Capitol Theatre. On July 12, 2016, filming occurred between the intersection of Mill and Walton street, Walton Street bridge, and in

alive in the imagination of children, he has to keep killing."" While Muschietti acknowledged ""It"" being a horror film, he felt that it is not simply that, ""It's a story of love and friendship and a lot of other beautiful emotions."" The graphic sexual content that was in the novel and Fukunaga's original script was not included in the film. The film's score was composed by British composer, Benjamin Wallfisch. A soundtrack album was released in August 2017. ""It"" was released in North America on September 8, 2017. In Europe, the film was released in Belgium on September 6, 2017,

two movies."" On May 5, 2016, in an interview with Collider, David Kajganich expressed uncertainty as to whether drafts of his original screenplay would be used by Dauberman and Muschietti, with the writer stating, ""We know there's a new director, I don't know myself whether he's going back to any of the previous drafts or writing from scratch. I may not know until the film comes out. I don't know how it works! If you find out let me know."" On June 2, 2016, Jaeden Lieberher was confirmed as portraying lead protagonist Bill Denbrough, while ""The Hollywood Reporter"" reported that

Denmark and the Netherlands on September 7, 2017, and Norway and Finland on September 8, 2017. On March 7, 2017, the alternate title of the film was announced by Stephen King as ""Part 1 – The Losers' Club"". In addition to the conventional 2D format, ""It"" was also released across 615 IMAX screens globally, including 389 domestically. The film was released on digital download on December 19, 2017, and was released on 4K, Blu-ray and DVD on January 9, 2018. On January 31, 2016, Muschietti, on his Instagram, posted a sketch that was thought to be the precursor to Pennywise's

and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Wyatt Oleff, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles. Principal photography began in the Riverdale neighborhood of Toronto on June 27, 2016, and ended on September 21, 2016. Other Ontario locations included Port Hope and Oshawa. ""It"" premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. Pictures on September 8, 2017. Upon release, the film set numerous box office records and grossed $700 million worldwide.

McAvoy and Bill Hader entered negotiations to play the adult Bill Denbrough and Richie Tozier. In May 2018, James Ransone revealed on Twitter that he would play the adult Eddie Kaspbrak. Shortly afterwards, Andy Bean and Jay Ryan had joined the cast to play the adult Stanley Uris and Ben Hanscom respectively. In June 2018, Isaiah Mustafa signed on to play the adult Mike Hanlon. McAvoy revealed on his Instagram account that filming had officially begun on June 19, 2018. It (2017 film) It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy

"Beat It"
Beat It ""Beat It"" is a song written and performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson from his sixth studio album, ""Thriller"" (1982). It was produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. Following the successful ""Thriller"" singles ""The Girl Is Mine"" and ""Billie Jean"", ""Beat It"" was released on February 14, 1983 as the album's third single. The song is also notable for its music video, which features Jackson bringing two gangsters together through the power of music and dance, and for Eddie Van Halen's guitar solo. ""Beat It"" peaked at number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in the United

"Beat It"
film later received a MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Rock Video. Beat It ""Beat It"" is a song written and performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson from his sixth studio album, ""Thriller"" (1982). It was produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. Following the successful ""Thriller"" singles ""The Girl Is Mine"" and ""Billie Jean"", ""Beat It"" was released on February 14, 1983 as the album's third single. The song is also notable for its music video, which features Jackson bringing two gangsters together through the power of music and dance, and for Eddie Van Halen's guitar solo. ""Beat

"Beat It"
""sad commentary on human nature"". The line ""don't be a macho man"" is said to express Jackson's dislike of violence, whilst also referring to the childhood abuse he faced at the hands of his father Joseph. Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen, was asked to add a guitar solo. When initially contacted by Jones, Van Halen thought he was receiving a prank call. Having established that the call was genuine, Van Halen borrowed an amplifier from guitarist Allan Holdsworth and recorded his guitar solo free of any charge. ""I did it as a favor"", the

"Beat It"
All Time"". ""Beat It"" has been covered, parodied, and sampled by artists including Fall Out Boy, Fergie, and ""Weird Al"" Yankovic. The song was also featured in the National Highway Safety Commission's anti-drunk driving campaign. ""Beat It"" was composed by Michael Jackson for his ""Thriller"" album. Producer Quincy Jones had wanted to include a rock and roll song in the vein of the Knack's ""My Sharona"", though Jackson reportedly had never previously shown an interest in the genre. Jackson later said of ""Beat It"", ""I wanted to write a song, the type of song that I would buy if I

"Beat It"
filmed on Los Angeles' Skid Row—mainly on locations on East 5th Street—around March 9, 1983. To add authenticity to the production but also to foster peace between them, Jackson had the idea to cast members of rival Los Angeles street gangs Crips and Bloods. In addition to around 80 genuine gang members, the video, which is noted for opening up many job opportunities for dancers in the US, also featured 18 professional dancers and four breakdancers. Besides Jackson, Michael Peters, and Vincent Paterson, the cast included Michael DeLorenzo, Stoney Jackson, Tracii Guns, Tony Fields, Peter Tramm, Rick Stone, and Cheryl

"Beat It"
on the song. The intro is taken note for note from a demo LP released the year before, called ""The Incredible Sounds of Synclavier II"" first published in 1981 by Denny Jaeger Creative Services, Inc and sold by New England Digital, makers of the Synclavier. The drums were played by Toto co-founder Jeff Porcaro. Jermaine Jackson has suggested the inspiration of ""Beat It"" and its video came from the Jackson family experiencing gang activity in Gary, Indiana. ""From our front window, we witnessed, about three bad rumbles between rival gangs."" The lyrics of ""Beat It"" have been described as a

"Beat It"
Jackson seem masculine for once, and only in the context of Fergie's tough-by-way-of-""Kids Incorporated"" interpretation of the tune"". Tom Ewing of ""Pitchfork"" observed that Fergie's ""nervous reverence is a waste of time"". American rock band Fall Out Boy covered ""Beat It"". The studio version was digitally released on March 25, 2008 by Island Records as the only single from the band's first live album, ""Live in Phoenix"" (2008). The song features a guitar solo by John Mayer, which was performed by Eddie Van Halen in the original song. In the United States, the song peaked at No. 19 on the

"Beat It"
Right before Van Halen's guitar solo begins, a noise is heard that sounds like somebody knocking at a door. It is reported that the knock was a person walking into Eddie's recording studio. Another story has claimed that the sound was simply the musician knocking on his own guitar. The sound, however, is that of Jackson knocking on a drum case, as he is credited in the album's liner notes. The engineers were shocked during the recording of Van Halen's solo to discover that the sound of his guitar had caused the monitor speaker in the control room to catch

"Beat It"
were to buy a rock song... That is how I approached it and I wanted the children to really enjoy it—the school children as well as the college students."" The song is played in the key of E minor at a moderately fast tempo of 138–139 beats per minute. In the song, Jackson's vocal range is B 3 to D 5. Upon hearing the first recorded vocals, Jones stated that it was exactly what he was looking for. The song begins with seven distinct synthesizer notes played on the Synclavier digital synthesizer, with Tom Bahler credited for the Synclavier performance

"Beat It"
musician later said. ""I was a complete fool, according to the rest of the band, our manager and everyone else. I was not used. I knew what I was doing – I don't do something unless I want to do it."" Van Halen recorded his contribution following Jones and Jackson arriving at the guitarist's house with a ""skeleton version"" of the song. Fellow guitarist Steve Lukather recalled, ""Initially, we rocked it out as Eddie had played a good solo—but Quincy thought it was too tough. So I had to reduce the distorted guitar sound and that is what was released.""

"Child abuse in New Zealand"
control. The amendment was colloquially referred to as an 'anti-smacking law' and was introduced as a private members bill by Green Party member Sue Bradford in 2005. It was endorsed by many organisations such as woman's refuge and Plunket however there was question as to what the law disallowed in the way of discipline with many questioning the right to a 'light smack' in the way of disciplining a child. The ""it's not okay"" campaign began with television advertisements in 2007 and 2008. Surveys were done to measure the effectiveness of this campaign and found that at least 95% of

"Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007"
to by several of its opponents and newspapers as the ""anti-smacking bill"". The bill was passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight. The Governor-General of New Zealand granted the bill Royal Assent on 21 May 2007, and the law came into effect on 21 June 2007. A citizens-initiated referendum on the issues surrounding the law was held between 30 July and 21 August 2009, asking ""Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?"" Despite widespread criticism of the question's wording, the referendum was returned with

"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum"
2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum The New Zealand corporal punishment referendum, 2009 was held from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked: ""Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?"" Voter turnout was 56.1%. 87.4% of votes answered 'no'. The result of the referendum was non-binding and the New Zealand government did not change the law in response to the outcome. The petition for the referendum was launched in February 2007 in response to the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Bill, which would

purposes, while the arms act does not mention ""directly in words"" one cannot use a firearm for self-defence), but the new sport of target pistol shooting has become more popular, and pistol club shooters can own pistols with a special ""B"" endorsement. After the Aramoana massacre in November 1990, John Banks, the Minister for Police, announced that the government would ban what he and others described as ""Rambo-style"" weapons and substantially tighten gun laws generally. The law was eventually passed in 1992 and required written permits to order guns or ammunition by mail order, restricted ammunition sales to firearms licence

"Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986"
""sexual assault"" even if it was consensual. Penalties included life imprisonment, hard labour and flogging. Sex between women has never been legally prohibited in New Zealand. In 1961 the penalties for male homosexual activity were reduced, reflecting changing attitudes towards homosexuality. Shortly afterward the Dorian Society and later the Wolfenden Association were formed to campaign for legalisation of male homosexual sex. In 1968 a petition signed by 75 prominent citizens and calling for legislative change was presented to (and rejected by) parliament. The first parliamentary attempt at decriminalisation was made in 1974, with National MP Venn Young's Crimes Amendment Bill.

stated view in a referendum on that issue after the New Zealand general election, 2017 2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum The New Zealand corporal punishment referendum, 2009 was held from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked: ""Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?"" Voter turnout was 56.1%. 87.4% of votes answered 'no'. The result of the referendum was non-binding and the New Zealand government did not change the law in response to the outcome. The petition for the referendum was launched

"Sue Bradford"
committee stage and its second parliamentary reading with a huge majority, and became law after it passed its third reading 113 to 8 on 16 May 2007. The Bill occasioned widespread debate largely due its depiction as an ""anti-smacking"" bill, and a movement led by Family First New Zealand called a citizens initiated referendum on the issue. In one reaction to the Bill, threats were made against Bradford on the ""CYFS Watch"" website. After the Ministry of Social Development complained about the threats, Google shut down the website. Further death threats were made against her in August 2009. Soon after

'protect children from assault'. The first conviction under the new law occurred on 22 November 2007. In the first five years of the law (June 2007 – June 2012) there were eight prosecutions for smacking. A broad selection of organisations – including child welfare groups, churches, women's groups and businesses – publicly endorsed the bill and made submissions in support of it. Gordon Copeland resigned from the United Future party over the Bill since he did not agree with the party leader Peter Dunne's support for it. However, Copeland was not re-elected to Parliament at the New Zealand general election,

"Censorship in New Zealand"
was made based on an interpretation of the clause ""unduly emphasizing matters of sex"" as meaning ""dealing with matters of sex in a manner which offends against the standards of the community in which the article is published"". Eventually, the book was judged to be indecent on the basis that it ""would have a tendency to corrupt or deprave a class of readers not negligible in number"", despite its literary merit. The passage of the Indecent Publications Act of 1963 in response to a report from a Ministerial Committee of Inquiry into Pornography in 1987 brought with it great changes

packaging from 2012, requiring that brand names and product names be displayed in a standard drab brown colour, font style and position in a policy known as ""plain packaging"". This legislation, the ""Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011"", was challenged in the High Court by multiple tobacco manufacturers on the grounds that it exceeded the legislative capacity of Parliament by virtue of section 51 of the Constitution of Australia. This challenge was dismissed by the High Court. Tobacco advertising in New Zealand was outlawed with the passage of the Smokefree Amendment Act 1990. Prior to this, in 1963 advertisements for tobacco

"Sonic Drive-In"
the cars. Smith borrowed several automobiles from a friend who owned a used-car lot to establish a layout for controlled parking. He also had some so-called ""jukebox boys"" come in and wire an intercom system in the parking lot. Sales immediately tripled. Charles Woodrow Pappe, an entrepreneur, chanced upon the Shawnee drive-in and was impressed. He and Smith negotiated the first franchise location in Woodward, Oklahoma, in 1956, based on nothing more than a handshake. By 1958, two more drive-ins were built, in Enid and Stillwater. Upon learning that the Top Hat name was already trademarked, Smith and Pappe changed

determine the top skating carhop in its system. Although Sonic has operated since the early 1950s, Sonic Corp. incorporated in Delaware in 1978. It has its corporate headquarters in Oklahoma City; the headquarters building features a dine-in Sonic restaurant in an adjacent building. Prior to its acquisition by Inspire Brands, its stock traded on NASDAQ with the symbol SONC. Company restaurants are owned and operated by Sonic Restaurants, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary. Total 2016 revenues were around $100 million with net income of $18 million. Sonic's menu consists of hamburgers and French fries, as well as onion rings, corn

to work delivering bread because bread was not as heavy as milk. Soon afterwards, Smith purchased the Cottage Cafe, a little diner in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Before long, he sold it and opened a fast food restaurant, Troy's Pan Full of Chicken, on the edge of town. In 1953, Smith went in with a business partner to purchase a five-acre parcel of land that had a log house and a walk-up root beer stand, already named the Top Hat. The two men continued with the operation of the root beer stand and converted the log house into a steak restaurant. After

realizing that the stand was averaging $700 a week in the sale of root beer, hamburgers, and hot dogs, Smith decided to focus on the more-profitable root beer stand. He also bought out his business partner. Originally, Top Hat customers would park their automobiles anywhere on the gravel parking lot and walk up to place their orders. However, on a trip to Louisiana, Smith saw a drive-in that used speakers for ordering. He suspected that he could increase his sales by controlling the parking and having the customers order from speakers at their cars, with carhops delivering the food to

dogs, chili dogs and breakfast toaster sandwiches. Drink options include soft drinks, slushes, and milkshakes. Customers can combine various drinks and flavors to create thousands of possible drink combinations. Ice cream desserts include sundaes and floats. At a standard Sonic Drive-In, a customer drives into a covered drive-in stall, orders through an intercom speaker system, and has the food delivered by a carhop. Most drive-ins also have patio seating, and many have drive-thru lanes. Following World War II, Sonic founder Troy N. Smith Sr. returned to his hometown of Seminole, Oklahoma, where he became employed as a milkman. He decided

it sold. The proceeds would then be split between Smith and Pappe. The first franchise contracts under this plan were drawn up, but still no joint marketing plan, standardized menu, or detailed operating requirements were in place. Sonic's founders formed Sonic Supply as a supply and distribution division in the 1960s. Under Smith, longtime franchise holders Marvin Jirous and Matt Kinslow were hired to run the division. In 1973, Sonic Supply was restructured as a franchise company that was briefly named Sonic Systems of America, which provided franchisees with equipment, building plans, and basic operational instructions. As the company grew

into a regionally known operation during the 1960s and 1970s, the drive-ins were mainly in small towns in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, New Mexico, Missouri, and Arkansas. In 1967, the year Pappe died, there were 41 drive-ins. By 1972, this number had risen to 165, and by 1978, . In 1968, Sonic introduced the Pickle-O's, fried pickle slices. In 1977, the company established the Sonic School for manager training. Franchisees operated most of the drive-ins and often made the store manager a business partner, even to this day. In 1983, the company's board of directors hired C. Stephen Lynn as president,

new image that would make Sonic a nationally recognized name. In 1986, Lynn, with a group of investors, completed a $10-million leveraged buyout and took the company private. The next year, Sonic moved its offices to leased space at 120 Robert S. Kerr Avenue in downtown Oklahoma City and began to assume a higher profile in the community. In 1991, Sonic became a publicly traded company again. By 1994, the corporation had renegotiated the franchise agreements with its franchisees. In 1995, Hudson became president and chief executive officer, and Sonic Industries became Sonic Corp. During the mid-1990s, Sonic opened 100–150

and, in 1984, Lynn hired J. Clifford Hudson, an attorney, to head the legal department. Under Lynn, Sonic and its major franchisees began to encourage the development of local-advertising cooperatives which was developed with the leadership of Keith Sutterfield as Advertising Manager and later as V.P. of Marketing in which Sutterfield developed a field structure to work with the franchisees. New franchises began to expand the company into new areas and redevelop markets that had been unsuccessful in the past. These developments, combined with a major advertising campaign featuring singer and actor Frankie Avalon, led to significant growth and a

"Zesto Drive-In"
head of the Taylor Freezer Corporation, which in 1945 had developed the ""Zest-O-Mat"" frozen custard machine, and franchise agreements granted exclusive use of the Zest-O-Mat machines in a given territory under the Zesto name. The first known Zesto Drive-In was opened in Jefferson City, Missouri by its original franchise owner, Lottie Traubtz; dozens more opened in the late 1940s and early 1950s, mostly in the U.S. South and Midwest. Taylor Freezer Corp, reportedly growing frustrated with managing a retail business and dealing with unhappy franchisees, abandoned the Zesto concept in 1955 and left the remaining franchisees to fend for themselves.

"The Originals (season 1)"
The Originals (season 1) ""The Originals"" is an American supernatural drama television series created by Julie Plec for The CW. A spin-off of ""The Vampire Diaries"", the series makes use of certain characters and story elements from the series of books of the same name. The first season premiered with a special preview on October 3, 2013, following the season premiere of its parent series, before premiering in its regular time slot on October 8, 2013. The show is set in New Orleans which the Mikaelson family and original vampires helped to build. In the first season, the focus was

"Caroline Spencer"
In May 2017, Godfrey told ""Soap Opera Digest"" that she hasn't heard from the show since her last appearance on October 31, 2016. That same month, Godfrey announced she was back taping at the serial. Godfrey made her re-appearance from July to September 2017 and then in March 2018. In July 2018, it was announced that Godfrey had joined the cast of ""Days of Our Lives"", effectively ending her run as Caroline. In February 2014, Godfrey alongside Jacob Young crossed over to ""The Young and the Restless"", airing from April 11 to 16, 2014. Caroline's initial storyline revolves around a

"Unforgettable (season 1)"
unable to remember, which is what happened the day her sister was murdered. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Unforgettable (season 1) The first season of CBS American television drama series ""Unforgettable"" premiered on September 20, 2011 and concluded on May 8, 2012, with a total of 22 episodes. It aired on Tuesdays at 10:00 pm. Former Syracuse, New York, police detective Carrie Wells has hyperthymesia, a rare medical condition that gives her the ability to visually remember everything. She reluctantly joins the New York City Police Department's Queens homicide unit after her former boyfriend and partner asks for help with solving a case. The

Unforgettable (season 1) The first season of CBS American television drama series ""Unforgettable"" premiered on September 20, 2011 and concluded on May 8, 2012, with a total of 22 episodes. It aired on Tuesdays at 10:00 pm. Former Syracuse, New York, police detective Carrie Wells has hyperthymesia, a rare medical condition that gives her the ability to visually remember everything. She reluctantly joins the New York City Police Department's Queens homicide unit after her former boyfriend and partner asks for help with solving a case. The move allows her to try to find out the one thing she has been

"Carmilla (web series)"
special was released detailing the group's not-so-pleasant encounter with a seemingly-pleasant Mama Klaus. The second season begins with Laura, Carmilla, LaFontaine, and Perry's return to the Silas campus. Laura decides to investigate the murder of several members of the newspaper staff. Other strange occurrences on campus draw the attention of Carmilla's sister—a powerful vampire—and the Silas Board of Governors. New characters include: A teaser trailer announcing this season was released on October 1, 2015. This season consisted of twelve episodes instead of in previous, where there was thirty-six episodes. All the episodes except the first episode were released on U

"The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 1) ""The Vampire Diaries"" is an American supernatural horror romance television series created by Kevin Williamson based on the novels of the same name by author L. J. Smith. It was officially picked up for the 2009–10 season on May 19, 2009. It premiered on September 10, 2009, on The CW and received the highest ratings for a series premiere in the networks history scoring 4.91 million live viewers. The series focuses on the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, that is charged with supernatural history. It follows Elena Gilbert portrayed by Nina Dobrev as she

"Charmed (season 1)"
Charmed (season 1) The first season of ""Charmed"", an American supernatural drama television series created by Constance M. Burge, premiered on October 7, 1998 on The WB. Airing on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm, the season consisted of 22 episodes and concluded its airing on May 26, 1999. Paramount Home Entertainment released the complete first season in a six-disc DVD box set on February 1, 2005, and will be released on high-definition blu-ray on October 30, 2018. The Halliwell sisters discover that they are descendants of a long line of witches when they inherit a house from their grandmother and find

"The Originals (TV series)"
second spin-off attempt will be overseen by Julie Plec, with no involvement by Kevin Williamson. ""The Originals"" was officially picked up by The CW on April 26, 2013, for the 2013–14 season. Season one of ""The Originals"" was set to premiere on Tuesday, October 15. However, on July 29, 2013, The CW announced that the series premiere would instead air on October 3, 2013, following the fifth-season premiere of ""The Vampire Diaries"" in order to attract fans of the series. On October 10, 2013, the CW ordered three additional scripts for the series. On November 11, 2013, the CW decided

"Amy Wong"
Amy Wong Amy Wong, voiced by Lauren Tom, is a main character from the Fox and Comedy Central television animated series ""Futurama"". She works as an intern at Planet Express (supposedly kept around because she shares Professor Farnsworth's blood type, and doesn't notice the Professor's tendency to send his crews on suicide missions). She is the ditzy, spoiled daughter of wealthy agriculturalist-industrialist Han Chinese rancher parents who raise buggalo on Mars. A graduate student for most of the series' run, in season six, she earns her Ph.D in Applied Physics from Mars University, earning her the title of Doctor. By

Futurama
role of Professor Farnsworth, using the voice he uses to perform Bender, and also auditioned for Bender using a different voice. DiMaggio described Bender's voice as a combination of a sloppy drunk, Slim Pickens and a character his college friend created named ""Charlie the sausage-lover"". Phil LaMarr voices Hermes Conrad, his son Dwight, Ethan Bubblegum Tate, and Reverend Preacherbot. Lauren Tom voiced Amy Wong, and Tress MacNeille voices Mom and various other characters. Maurice LaMarche voices Kif Kroker and several supporting characters. LaMarche won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 2011 for his performances as Lrrr and Orson

Futurama
Welles in the episode ""Lrrreconcilable Ndndifferences"". David Herman voiced Scruffy and various supporting characters. During seasons 1–4, LaMarche is billed as supporting cast and Tom, LaMarr and Herman billed as guest stars, despite appearing in most episodes. LaMarche was promoted to main cast and Tom, LaMarr and Herman to supporting cast in Season 5, and promoted again to main cast in Season 6. In addition to the main cast, Frank Welker voiced Nibbler and Kath Soucie voiced Cubert and several supporting and minor characters. Like ""The Simpsons"", many episodes of ""Futurama"" feature guest voices from a wide range of professions,

Futurama
knew"". Katey Sagal voiced Leela, and is the only member of the main cast to voice only one character. The role of Leela was originally assigned to Nicole Sullivan. In an interview in June 2010, Sagal remarked that she did not know that another person was to originally voice Leela until many years after the show first began. John DiMaggio performed the voice of the robot Bender Bending Rodríguez and other, more minor, characters. Bender was the most difficult character to cast, as the show's creators had not decided what a robot should sound like. DiMaggio originally auditioned for the

"Leela (Futurama)"
Leela (Futurama) Leela (full name Turanga Leela) is a fictional character from the animated television series ""Futurama"". Leela is spaceship captain, pilot, and head of all aviation services on board the ""Planet Express Ship"". Throughout the series, she has an on-again, off-again relationship with and eventually marries Philip J. Fry, the central character in the series and becomes the mother to Kif's offspring and in the comics only, Elena Fry. The character, voiced by Katey Sagal, is named after the ""Turangalîla-Symphonie"" by Olivier Messiaen. She is one of the few characters in the cast to routinely display competence and the

Futurama
including actors, entertainers, bands, musicians, and scientists. Many guest-stars voiced supporting characters, although many voiced themselves, usually as their own head preserved in a jar. Recurring guest stars included Dawnn Lewis (as Hermes' wife LaBarbara), Tom Kenny, Dan Castellaneta (as the Robot Devil), Al Gore, and George Takei, among others. Rough Draft Studios animated ""Futurama"". The studio would receive the completed script of an episode and create a storyboard consisting of more than 100 drawings. It would then produce a pencil-drawn animatic with 1,000 frames. Rough Draft's sister studio in South Korea would render the 30,000-frame finished episode. In addition

Leela to be portrayed as attractive and sexy, but had to instruct the animators to de-emphasize exaggerated aspects of their original design that were too ""racy"". However, Leela is still considered attractive and sexy, even beautiful by several such as Fry and Zapp Brannigan. What Leela calls ""this thing I wear on my wrist"" (referred to in another episode as a ""Wrist Lojackimator"") is capable of minor plot conveniences as needed. Katey Sagal provides the voice of Leela. Sagal immediately wanted the role when she was asked to audition for Groening. She is one of the few primarily live-action actors

Futurama
In """", a completely different opening sequence involves a trip through a futuristic version of Las Vegas located on Mars. The theme tune is sung by Seth MacFarlane and is different from the standard theme tune. The end of the film incorporates a unique variation of the opening sequence; as the ""Planet Express Ship"" enters a wormhole, it converts into a pattern of lights similar to the lights that appear in the opening sequence. The ""Futurama"" theme was created by Christopher Tyng. The theme is played on the tubular bells but is occasionally remixed for use in specific episodes, including

"Futurama: Worlds of Tomorrow"
them to clear areas of the map & level up characters, respectively. Characters can also perform ""actions"" that generate Nixonbucks & XP over time. In addition, outfits for certain characters can be unlocked, giving them different abilities. The following content updates have been released for the game: An animated trailer for the game was released on May 17, 2017. The trailer features Fry (Billy West), Leela (Katey Sagal), Bender (John DiMaggio), Amy (Lauren Tom), Lrrr (Maurice Lamarche) and the Hypnotoad. An animated launch date trailer was released on June 20, 2017 prior to the date of launch. It features the

she does try to make it a little higher-pitched. Leela (Futurama) Leela (full name Turanga Leela) is a fictional character from the animated television series ""Futurama"". Leela is spaceship captain, pilot, and head of all aviation services on board the ""Planet Express Ship"". Throughout the series, she has an on-again, off-again relationship with and eventually marries Philip J. Fry, the central character in the series and becomes the mother to Kif's offspring and in the comics only, Elena Fry. The character, voiced by Katey Sagal, is named after the ""Turangalîla-Symphonie"" by Olivier Messiaen. She is one of the few characters

"Just When I Needed You Most"
Just When I Needed You Most ""Just When I Needed You Most"" is the title of a 1979 hit single by the American singer-songwriter Randy VanWarmer. VanWarmer was inspired to write ""Just When I Needed You Most"" after his old car that he loved and used for years broke down on the way to work in Denver, Colorado and by a ""devastating"" breakup with a girlfriend: he wrote the song six months after that breakup co-writing it with Tony Wilson of the group Hot Chocolate two years before it became a hit. After recording ""Just When I Needed You Most""

by Wolfgang Ambros for his 2012 album 190352. Just When I Needed You Most ""Just When I Needed You Most"" is the title of a 1979 hit single by the American singer-songwriter Randy VanWarmer. VanWarmer was inspired to write ""Just When I Needed You Most"" after his old car that he loved and used for years broke down on the way to work in Denver, Colorado and by a ""devastating"" breakup with a girlfriend: he wrote the song six months after that breakup co-writing it with Tony Wilson of the group Hot Chocolate two years before it became a hit.

8. VanWarmer attributed his single's success to empathy for its heartbreak scenario: ""It's happened to everyone. That emotion is universal...I always hoped the record wasn't wallowing in self-pity and it had some redeeming value, and I guess it does."" VanWarmer also attributed his single's success to the autoharp instrumental break between the second and third verses, performed by John Sebastian. The song's co-writer Tony Wilson recorded ""Just When I Needed You Most"" for his 1979 album ""Catch One"". Dolly Parton recorded a cover version of the song for her 1996 album, ""Treasures"": this version, which like the VanWarmer original featured

"Randy VanWarmer"
Randy VanWarmer Randy VanWarmer (sometimes Vanwarmer, Van Warmer; March 30, 1955 – January 12, 2004) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. His biggest success was the pop hit, ""Just When I Needed You Most"". It reached #8 on the UK Singles Chart in September 1979 after peaking at #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and #1 on ""Billboard"" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks earlier that year. He wrote several songs for the group The Oak Ridge Boys including the #1 U.S. Country hit ""I Guess It Never Hurts to Hurt Sometimes"". The song appeared on his 1981 album ""Beat of Love"",

the flip was the original intended A-side of VanWarmer's single. Released as a single in February 1979, VanWarmer's ""Just When I Needed You Most"" spent two weeks atop the US ""Billboard"" adult contemporary chart in May of that year and in June 1979 reached its peak position of No. 4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart accruing an overall Top 40 tenure of 14 weeks and earning RIAA Gold record status. In addition, the track reached No. 71 on the ""Billboard"" country music chart. and in September 1979 made the Top 10 on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No.

John Sebastian on autoharp, reached No. 62 on the ""Billboard"" country music chart. Other artists who either recorded or performed the song in concert include country music singers Tim McGraw, Donna Fargo, Skeeter Davis and Conway Twitty, R&B vocalist Millie Jackson, the German disco musician Peter Griffin, British glam rock band Smokie, reggae artists Barbara Jones, and Eddie Lovette, Filipino singer Pops Fernandez, Bob Dylan, Paul Butterfield, Billy Joe Royal, and the Spanish group Mocedades. In 2002, the American-Taiwanese singer Will Pan released a bilingual English/Chinese version of the song. Dana Winner recorded ""Just When I Needed You Most"" for

her 2011 album ""Unforgettable"". Anne Nolan recorded ""Just When I Needed You Most"" for her 2013 debut solo album ""Just One Voice"". A Finnish rendering of ""Just When I Needed You Most"" entitled ""Juuri Kun Tarvitsin Sua"" was recorded by ELF () for their 1979 album ""Tarantella-Joe"". Ingela ""Pling"" Forsman wrote lyrics in Swedish as ""När jag behövde dig mest"", which was recorded by Swedish dansband Wizex on the 1980 album ""You Treated Me Wrong"". A Spanish rendering entitled ""Necesitando Tu Amor"" was recorded by Mocedades for their 1982 album ""Amor De Hombre"". An Austrian rendering entitled ""Ausg´lacht"" was recorded

"You Needed Me"
It became their sixth and final single to reach number 1 on the UK Singles Chart, outselling the debut solo single of Spice Girl Geri Halliwell by just 700 copies. The song received a silver disc for shipping 200,000 copies in the UK. You Needed Me ""You Needed Me"" is a song written by Randy Goodrum, who describes it as being about ""unconditional undeserved love"". It was a number one hit single in the United States in 1978 for Canadian singer Anne Murray, for which she won a Grammy Award. In 1999, Irish pop band Boyzone recorded a hit cover

"Barbara Jones (singer)"
Barbara Jones (singer) Barbara Nation ( – 19 December 2014), better known as Barbara Jones, was a Jamaican singer who had a UK hit single in 1981 with ""Just When I Needed You Most"". Born in Kingston and raised in Manchester, Jamaica, she began her career in 1971 with the single ""Sad Movies"". She had her greatest success in January 1981 with ""Just When I Needed You Most"", which reached number 31 on the UK Singles Chart. She toured as backing singer with Jimmy Cliff in the late 1970s and early 1980s; In 1991, she became a devout Christian and

You Needed Me ""You Needed Me"" is a song written by Randy Goodrum, who describes it as being about ""unconditional undeserved love"". It was a number one hit single in the United States in 1978 for Canadian singer Anne Murray, for which she won a Grammy Award. In 1999, Irish pop band Boyzone recorded a hit cover of the song that hit number one in the UK Singles Chart. ""You Needed Me"" was first recorded by singer Anne Murray in 1978. The song peaked at number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and revitalized her career after several years

"Omaha Beach"
the beach. This caused further problems and consequent delays for later landings. Small penetrations were eventually achieved by groups of survivors making improvised assaults, scaling the bluffs between the most heavily defended points. By the end of the day, two small isolated footholds had been won, which were subsequently exploited against weaker defenses further inland, thus achieving the original D-Day objectives over the following days. The coastline of Normandy was divided into seventeen sectors, with codenames using a spelling alphabet—from Able, west of Omaha, to Roger on the east flank of Sword. Eight further sectors were added when the invasion

"We shall fight on the beaches"
on 13 May, to announce the formation of the new administration: I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this Government: ""I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."" In that speech he had said nothing about the military situation in France and the Low Countries. Expecting that the German offensive would develop along much the same lines as it did in 1914, the lines of communication of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) did not run through the ""short crossing"" Channel ports – Boulogne, Calais, Dunkirk, etc. – but rather through

"Normandy landings"
Countries on D-Day, and another 964 in Germany. Minesweepers began clearing channels for the invasion fleet shortly after midnight and finished just after dawn without encountering the enemy. The Western Task Force included the battleships , , and , plus eight cruisers, 28 destroyers, and one monitor. The Eastern Task Force included the battleships and and the monitor , twelve cruisers, and thirty-seven destroyers. Naval bombardment of areas behind the beach commenced at 05:45, while it was still dark, with the gunners switching to pre-assigned targets on the beach as soon as it was light enough to see, at 05:50.

RAF dropped strips of ""window"", metal foil that caused a radar return which was mistakenly interpreted by German radar operators as a naval convoy near Le Havre. The illusion was bolstered by a group of small vessels towing barrage balloons. A similar deception was undertaken near Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas de Calais area by No. 218 Squadron RAF in Operation Glimmer. The invasion planners determined a set of conditions involving the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that would be satisfactory on only a few days in each month. A full moon was desirable, as

Article XV squadrons, and hundreds of personnel posted to RAF units and RN warships. The RAF supplied two-thirds of the aircraft involved in the invasion. Through the London-based ""État-major des Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur"" (French Forces of the Interior), the British Special Operations Executive orchestrated a massive campaign of sabotage to be implemented by the French Resistance. The Allies developed four plans for the Resistance to execute on D-Day and the following days: The resistance was alerted to carry out these tasks by ""messages personnels"" transmitted by the BBC's French service from London. Several hundred of these messages, which might

"Operation Gambit"
Operation Gambit Operation Gambit was a part of Operation Neptune, the landing phase of the invasion of northern France (Overlord) during the Second World War. Gambit involved two X class submarines (British midget submarines) marking the ends of the Anglo-Canadian invasion beaches. Using navigation lights and flags, the submarines indicated the western and eastern limits of Sword and Juno. ""X20"" and ""X23"" arrived in position on 4 June and due to the delay caused by bad weather, remained in position until on 6 June (D-Day) when they surfaced, erected the navigational aids, an telescopic mast with a light shining to

Normandy landings The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of German-occupied France (and later Europe) from Nazi control, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. Planning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as

"Operation Overlord"
increased the effectiveness of the deception operations. Travel to and from the Republic of Ireland was banned, and movement within several kilometres of the coast of England restricted. The invasion planners specified a set of conditions regarding the timing of the invasion, deeming only a few days in each month suitable. A full moon was desirable, as it would provide illumination for aircraft pilots and have the highest tides. The Allies wanted to schedule the landings for shortly before dawn, midway between low and high tide, with the tide coming in. This would improve the visibility of obstacles the enemy

"Liberation of the German-occupied Channel Islands"
workers were inspected and many were found to be in a terrible state with holes knocked through walls, wood ripped up for fuel and all needing disinfecting. German and OT hospitals were cleared and the buildings disinfected. Police courts opened for business, with a few civilians charged with theft, even of German equipment. Newspapers which had been desperate for newsprint, continued printing as supplies would shortly arrive. Mines were being lifted and made safe; this process would go on until August, with 65,982 removed. This dangerous work would result in a number of German deaths and injuries. 5,689 beach obstacles

"Sword Beach"
south to capture the city of Falaise, which could then be used as a pivot for an advance on Argentan, the Touques River and then towards the Seine River. Overlord would constitute the largest amphibious operation in military history. After delays, due to both logistical difficulties and poor weather, the D-Day of Overlord was moved to 6 June 1944. Eisenhower and Bernard Montgomery, commander of 21st Army Group, aimed to capture Caen within the first day, and liberate Paris within 90 days. The coastline of Normandy was divided into seventeen sectors, with codenames using a spelling alphabet—from Able, west of

"A Hologram for the King (film)"
Primeridian Entertainment, and X-Filme Creative Pool. On September 5, 2013, Lotus Entertainment began licensing international rights to the film. On March 6, 2014 it was announced that Sarita Choudhury, Alexander Black, Tracey Fairaway, David Menkin, and Tom Skerritt had joined the cast of the film. Production was set to begin in first quarter of 2014. Principal photography commenced on March 6, 2014 in Morocco. Filming also took place in Hurghada in Egypt, as well as in Berlin and Düsseldorf in Germany. Shooting wrapped in June 2014. Writing for the ""New York Times"", Stephen Holden called the movie ""a story of

several hundred people losing their jobs and, in the long run, the financial ruin of the company. He is also depressed because of a messy and costly divorce which leaves him destitute and unable to financially support his daughter Kit (Tracey Fairaway). Oversleeping on the first day because of jet lag, he misses the shuttle bus to the development called the King's Metropolis of Economy and Trade (a fictionalized version of King Abdullah Economic City), where the sales presentation is to take place. Because of this he rents a car with a driver. The driver, Yousef (Alexander Black), immediately tells

"A Hologram for the King"
A Hologram for the King A Hologram for the King is a 2012 American novel written by Dave Eggers. In October 2012, the novel was announced as a finalist for the National Book Award. It was adapted as a film of the same name, released in 2016 and starring Tom Hanks and Sarita Choudhury. The novel tells the story of a washed-up, desperate American salesman, Alan Clay, who travels to Saudi Arabia to secure the IT contract from the royal government for a massive new complex being built in the middle of the desert. Michiko Kakutani describes the novel as

A Hologram for the King (film) A Hologram for the King is a 2016 comedy-drama film directed, written and co-scored by Tom Tykwer, based on the 2012 novel of the same name written by Dave Eggers, and starring Tom Hanks as a washed-up corporate salesman, who goes to Saudi Arabia to propose a business deal. Sidse Babett Knudsen, Tom Skerritt and Sarita Choudhury also star in this international co-production between France, Germany, the Cayman Islands, Mexico, and the United States. The film was released on April 22, 2016, by Lionsgate, Roadside Attractions and Saban Films. It received positive reviews but

was a box-office flop, becoming the lowest-grossing film to feature Tom Hanks in top billing since ""Every Time We Say Goodbye"" in 1986. Alan Clay (Tom Hanks) is a salesman for American tech company Relyand who is sent to sell a holographic teleconferencing system to the Saudi government by overseeing a presentation for the king. The only reason he was offered the job in Saudi Arabia was that he had once met a nephew of the king. Alan is haunted by his former job at bicycle manufacturer Schwinn where he was responsible for outsourcing production to China which led to

finishing 11th at the box office. With a total worldwide gross of $8,244,651 (U.S. domestic gross of $4,212,494), it is the lowest-grossing film to feature Tom Hanks in top billing since ""Every Time We Say Goodbye"" in 1986. A Hologram for the King (film) A Hologram for the King is a 2016 comedy-drama film directed, written and co-scored by Tom Tykwer, based on the 2012 novel of the same name written by Dave Eggers, and starring Tom Hanks as a washed-up corporate salesman, who goes to Saudi Arabia to propose a business deal. Sidse Babett Knudsen, Tom Skerritt and Sarita

him that he is in contact with a woman and her wealthy husband is jealous, leading Yousef to fear for his life. After arriving at the development, Alan is informed that neither the king nor his direct contact, Karim Al-Ahmed (Khalid Laith), are there. He furthermore sees that his team is placed in a tent outside the office building where there is no working internet connection and no food. Over the following few days Alan repeatedly oversleeps and each time has to call on Yousef to drive him to the development, both becoming closer during the long drives. At the

development he is repeatedly put off and confined to the tent outside the office building. So one day, he slips inside the building and meets Danish executive Hanne (Sidse Babett Knudsen). She is sympathetic to his plight but cannot help him get in contact with the king or Karim Al-Ahmed. But she offers him some alcohol, something which he has missed since arriving in Saudi Arabia. In the evening, Alan gets drunk using the alcohol obtained from Hanne, and tries to cut open a lump he had noticed earlier on his back. Waking the next day, covered with blood from

writing to Kit telling her that the deal did not happen but that he has taken a well-paid job in Saudi Arabia (implied to be selling office space and apartments in new developments) and that he has found a new positive force in his life (implied to be Zahra, with whom he has started a relationship). On June 12, 2013, Tom Tykwer was reported to be developing an adaptation of 2012 novel ""A Hologram for the King"", written by Dave Eggers. Tykwer wrote and directed the film, which stars Tom Hanks as the lead. The film was made by Playtone,

the novel as ""an extraordinary work of timely and provocative themes, including the decline of American manufacturing, the sufferings of the middle class and the collapse of the global economy."" A film adaptation by the same name was released in 2016. German filmmaker Tom Tykwer wrote and directed the film, starring Tom Hanks, Tom Skerritt and Sarita Choudhury. Playtone and X-Filme Creative Pool produced it. A Hologram for the King A Hologram for the King is a 2012 American novel written by Dave Eggers. In October 2012, the novel was announced as a finalist for the National Book Award. It

"The Quarterback (Glee)"
The Quarterback (Glee) ""The Quarterback"" is the third episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series ""Glee"", and the ninety-first episode overall. Written by all three of the show's creators—Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan—and directed by Falchuk, it first aired on Fox in the United States on October 10, 2013. The episode features the death of character Finn Hudson, and a tribute to Finn and to actor Cory Monteith, who played Finn starting with the show's pilot, and who died on July 13, 2013. The episode's plot centers on the impact Finn's death has on

"Love, Love, Love (Glee)"
pals, among them Monteith's Finn Hudson."" Katy Kroll of ""Rolling Stone"" also made note of Cory's absence, saying ""Try as the show might, the July 13th death of Cory Monteith at age 31 of a drug overdose left a dark cloud hanging over the Season Five premiere – no matter what the show's stars and producers were hoping we'd see;"" she then reacted positively to Blaine and Kurt's storyline, calling it ""cuter than cute."" Laurel Brown of ""Zap2it"" said for the engagement scene, the writers ""went all-out on this one, didn't they? One should not be touched by the beautiful

"Funeral (Glee)"
by Bradley Buecker. Two months before it aired, Murphy confirmed at PaleyFest 2011 that there was a death planned before the end of the season, but that it would not be recurring character Dave Karofsky, despite rumors that his death would be paving the way for Kurt's return to McKinley High. Further details were eventually supplied by entertainment reporter Michael Ausiello, who reported on April 19, 2011 that a ""beloved character"" would be dying in the ""season's penultimate episode"", and one week later that the character was female. Morrison confirmed in late April that there would indeed be a death,

Jacob Artist, Melissa Benoist, Blake Jenner, Alex Newell and Becca Tobin, who play Jake Puckerman, Marley Rose, Ryder Lynn, Wade ""Unique"" Adams and Kitty Wilde, respectively, were all being promoted to the show's main cast. On July 13, 2013, Monteith was found dead in his room at the Fairmont Pacific Rim hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia. An autopsy completed on July 15 indicated that he died of alcohol and heroin overdose. On July 20, 2013, Ryan Murphy said in various media outlets that Cory would have a tribute in season five's third episode, which would deal with the death of

"Blaine Anderson"
Blaine Anderson Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series ""Glee"". Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer). Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically. Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have

"Puck (Glee)"
Puck (Glee) Noah ""Puck"" Puckerman is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series ""Glee"". The character was portrayed by actor Mark Salling, and appeared in ""Glee"" from its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009 to the series finale, broadcast on March 20, 2015. Puck was developed by ""Glee"" creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. He is Finn's best friend and football teammate, who initially disapproves of Finn joining the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio, where the show is set, but he eventually joins it himself.

"Glee, Actually"
20 on the US ""Billboard"" 200 chart. Glee, Actually ""Glee, Actually"" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series ""Glee"", and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show's third Christmas-themed episode. Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman, it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2012. The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers, receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0. Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale) injures himself on an icy wheelchair ramp at McKinley High. Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) helps him

Glee, Actually ""Glee, Actually"" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series ""Glee"", and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show's third Christmas-themed episode. Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman, it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2012. The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers, receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0. Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale) injures himself on an icy wheelchair ramp at McKinley High. Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) helps him to the school nurse's office, where Artie

Bowl XLV in 2011. In 2013, in the wake of the death of Cory Monteith, and after his tribute episode ""The Quarterback"" aired, Murphy announced that the sixth season would be the final one of the series. After 121 episodes and over 728 music performances, ""Glee"" came to an end on March 20, 2015. The series focuses on a high school show choir, also known as a glee club, in the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio. Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) takes over the glee club after the former teacher Sandy Ryerson (Stephen Tobolowsky) is fired for inappropriate

later starts dating Kitty (Becca Tobin) in order to keep her away from Jake and spoiling his budding relationship with Marley, though Puck and she break up when he moves into Finn's dorm room at the college Finn has just started attending, even though Puck is not enrolled there. He appears less frequently this season, despite still being credited as a series regular. Puck makes infrequent guest appearances this season. Puck is devastated by Finn's death. In ""The Quarterback"", three weeks after the funeral, he steals a memorial tree planted for Finn and demands that Kurt, Finn's stepbrother, give him

"First Epistle of John"
in the epistle whose style distinguishes them from that of the author both with respect to poetic structure and syntactic usage."" The epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Evangelist, at Ephesus, when the writer was in advanced age. The epistle's content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John, 2 John, and 3 John, indicating that they were written by the same author. Indeed, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be ""no reasonable doubt"" that 1 John and the gospel were written

First Epistle of John The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come ""in the flesh"", but only as a spirit. It also

include it as a footnote. First Epistle of John The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come ""in the flesh"", but only

The letter may have been written by Paul at Rome during his first imprisonment. Other scholars have suggested that it was written from Caesarea or Ephesus. If the letter is not considered to be an authentic part of the Pauline corpus, then it might be dated during the late 1st century, possibly as late as AD 80. The letter's authors claim to be Paul and Timothy, but authorship began to be authoritatively questioned during the 19th century. Pauline authorship was held to by many of the early church's prominent theologians, such as Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen of Alexandria

"Epistle to the Hebrews"
before the destruction of the temple, the idea being that knowing about the destruction of both Jerusalem and the temple would have influenced the development of the author's overall argument. Therefore, the most probable date for its composition is the second half of the year 63 or the beginning of 64, according to the ""Catholic Encyclopedia"". However, there is no way to prove the actual dating of this writing, even from within the internal structure of the writing. Throughout the writing, all mentions of the priestly acts of worship are connected to the tabernacle in Sinai, as built by Moses,

"First Epistle of Peter"
First Epistle of Peter The First Epistle of Peter, usually referred to simply as First Peter and often written 1 Peter, is a book of the New Testament. The author presents himself as Peter the Apostle, and, following Roman Catholic tradition, the epistle has been held to have been written during his time as bishop of Rome or Bishop of Antioch, though neither title is used in the epistle. The text of the letter states that it was written from Babylon. The letter is addressed to various churches in Asia Minor suffering religious persecution. The authorship of 1 Peter has

"John the Apostle"
that the Gospel of John was composed in two or three stages. Most contemporary scholars consider that the Gospel was not written until the latter third of the first century AD, and with an earliest possible date of AD 75-80. “...a date of AD 75-80 as the earliest possible date of composition for this Gospel.” Other scholars think that an even later date, perhaps even the last decade of the first century AD right up to the start of the 2nd century (i.e. 90 - 100), is applicable. Nonetheless, today many theological scholars continue to accept the traditional authorship. Colin

"Pauline epistles"
Pauline epistles The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament, composed of letters which are largely attributed to Paul the Apostle, although authorship of some is in dispute. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity and as part of the canon of the New Testament they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics. The Epistle to the Hebrews, although it does not bear his name, was traditionally considered Pauline for a thousand

"New Testament"
early date and (usually) for a defense of the Apostle Peter's authorship see Kruger, Zahn, Spitta, Bigg, and Green. The Epistle of Jude title is written as follows: ""Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James"" (NRSV). The debate has continued over the author's identity as the apostle, the brother of Jesus, both, or neither. The First Epistle of John is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Apostle (the author of the Gospel of John) when the writer was in advanced age. The epistle's content, language and conceptual style indicate that it may have

from the Synoptic Gospels, which were likely written decades earlier. The bishops of Asia Minor supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the Ebionites, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. John probably knew and undoubtedly approved of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, but these gospels spoke of Jesus primarily in the year following the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist. Around 600, however, Sophronius of Jerusalem noted that “two epistles bearing his name ... are considered by some to be the work of a certain John the Elder”

to lampoon."" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,

Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was

of the film, ""Fifty Shades of Black"", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny ""than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying

the rights to the trilogy in March 2013. Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process. James chose ""The Social Network"" producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film. Although ""American Psycho"" writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of ""Saving Mr. Banks"", was hired for the job. Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some ""character work"". Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring. Mark Bridges served as the costume designer. ""Entertainment

the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and although popular at the box office, critical reactions were mixed to negative. E. L. James announced the film's soundtrack would be released on 10 February 2015. Prior to the soundtrack's release, the first single, ""Earned It"", by The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014. On 7 January 2015, the second single, ""Love Me like You Do"" by Ellie Goulding was released. Australian singer Sia released the soundtrack's third single, ""Salted Wound"", on 27 January 2015.

an immediate box office success, breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide. The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, winning five of six nominations, including Worst Picture (tied with ""Fantastic Four"") and both leading roles. In contrast, Ellie Goulding's single ""Love Me like You Do"" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, while The Weeknd's single ""Earned It"" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the first film in the ""Fifty Shades"" film series and was followed by two sequels, ""Fifty Shades

"Fifty Shades (film series)"
Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the ""Fifty Shades"" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", was released on February 13, 2015, while

"Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
Fifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the ""Fifty Shades"" film series, following ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" (2015) and ""Fifty Shades Darker"" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on ""Fifty

with no iron nails. It had a standing total height of 68 m (223 ft) or 80 m (262 ft), making it the tallest structure in East Asia and the tallest wooden structure in the world at the time of its construction. From the 13th century until 1894, the world's tallest building was always a church or cathedral. Old St Paul's Cathedral with its spire was completed in the 13th century. The central spire of Lincoln Cathedral surpassed Old St Paul's in the early 14th century. The Lincoln Cathedral's spire collapsed in 1549, beginning a long interval where the status

moved to the Eastern Hemisphere. Malaysia was the first country to break the United States' record of constructing the tallest buildings in the world when the Petronas Twin Towers were completed in 1998. Taiwan's Taipei 101 was the next building to hold the record, beginning in 2004. Before the modern skyscraper era, many Christian churches and cathedrals, built mainly in England and Germanic territories between 1250–1894, comprised the tallest buildings in the world. Before the 13th century, the tallest buildings in the world cannot be conclusively determined. For instance, the Lighthouse of Alexandria (completed about 280 BC) has been estimated

height of a tall building, each of which may give a different result. ""Height of the highest floor"" is one criterion, and ""height to the top of any part of the building"" is another, but the default criterion used by the CTBUH is ""height of the architectural top of the building"", which includes spires but not antennae, masts or flag poles. Hwangnyongsa, or Hwangnyong Temple (also spelled Hwangryongsa) is the name of a former Buddhist temple in the city of Gyeongju, South Korea. Completed in the 7th century, the enormous 9-story structure was built entirely with wood with interlocking design

percentage is expected to decline to only 22 percent. The predominance of skyscrapers in North America is decreasing due to skyscraper construction in other parts of the world, especially in Asia. In Asia, there has been an increase in the number of supertall skyscrapers beginning with the construction of Petronas Twin Towers. There are currently sixty buildings in the world's 100 tallest that are located in Asia (including the Middle East). Since the skyscraper era began, the great majority of skyscrapers were used predominantly as office space. From 1930 to 2000, the percentage of office towers never fell below 86

plant space do not contribute towards mixed-use status. Skyscrapers used primarily or exclusively as hotels or residential space are generally shorter than office and mixed-use buildings, with only a few supertall buildings of the residential or hotel types among the 100 tallest skyscrapers. The tallest completed residential building (minimum 85% residential) is 432 Park Avenue in New York City, followed by the Princess Tower and 23 Marina, both in Dubai. The tallest completed hotels (primarily hotel space) are the Gevora Hotel, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai twin towers, the Rose Tower, and the Burj Al Arab, all located in Dubai.

"Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award"
from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 29 times in 52 games. Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award, or Super Bowl MVP, is presented annually to

win five Super Bowl championships, winning two with San Francisco (XXIII and XXIV) and two previously with Dallas (XXVII and XXVIII). Barry Switzer became the second head coach, after former Cowboys head coach Jimmy Johnson, to win a college football national championship (University of Oklahoma 1974, 1975, 1985) and a Super Bowl title. After a many-year long tradition of presenting the Vince Lombardi Trophy to the winning team in its locker room after the game, the NFL began the tradition of presenting the trophy on the field. The outcome of the game had rather large ramifications for two soon-to-be free

"Best NFL Player ESPY Award"
were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. In 2014, Peyton Manning of the Denver Broncos became the first 3-time winner breaking a tie with Barry Sanders, Brett Favre, Marshall Faulk. Aaron Rodgers would later surpass him in 2017 when he won his fourth. Aaron Rodgers has won four awards, the most. Six players – quarterbacks Brett Favre, Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, and running backs Emmitt Smith, Barry Sanders, and Marshall Faulk—have won the award twice; each save Sanders

XXXV, held in 2001, was the first Super Bowl with fan voting. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by ""SPORT"" magazine. Bart Starr was the MVP of the first two Super Bowls. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, to the Super Bowl MVP. Ottis Anderson was the first to win the trophy. Most award winners have received cars from various sponsors. The most

"Vince Lombardi Trophy"
for the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995), the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994), and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016) are tied for second with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010) and the New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011) are tied for fifth with four each. The Oakland Raiders

"GOAT Index"
executives (all Super Bowl winners), each of whom voted on their top ten quarterbacks. The final quarterback rankings were determined based on how frequently any quarterback outranked his peers across all voting ballots. The ESPN voting panel consisted of Pete Carroll, Tony Dungy, Mike Holmgren, Howard Mudd, Wade Phillips, Mike Reinfeldt, Ray Rhodes, Mike Shanahan, Al Saunders and Norv Turner. Tom Brady emerged as the GOAT from the ESPN survey with 86.7% coverage. GOAT Index The GOAT Index (""Greatest of All Time"") is a system used in sports to rank the best performers in any given role. The concept/name was

recent Super Bowl MVP, from Super Bowl LII held on February 4, 2018, is Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Nick Foles, who passed for 373 yards and three touchdowns and scored a fourth touchdown as a receiver, becoming the first player to both throw and catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl. Tom Brady is the only player to have won four Super Bowl MVP awards; Joe Montana has won three and three others—Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning—have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back-to-back years. The MVP has come

"State of the Nation Address (Philippines)"
President to summarise the accomplishments and plans of his/her programme of government both for a particular year and until the end of their term of office. The Address is usually delivered at around 16:00 PST (UTC+8). Before the appointed time, legislators enter the Plenary Session Hall, with Congresswomen and consorts of Congressmen in recent years sporting traditionally-inspired bespoke couture that, in some cases, expresses their legislative agenda or ideological leanings. The President meanwhile arrives at the Batasang Pambansa Complex some minutes before the beginning of the joint session, and enters the main building through a back entrance. The President is

State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA; Filipino: ""Talumpatì sa Kalagayan ng Bansâ"") is an annual address by the President of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines. Mandated by the 1987 Constitution, the speech is delivered every fourth Monday of July at the Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Metro Manila. The SONA, which is often broadcast, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present economic, political, and social condition. It is also a vehicle for the

for women, in preparation for President Rodrigo Duterte's first address in 2016. State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA; Filipino: ""Talumpatì sa Kalagayan ng Bansâ"") is an annual address by the President of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines. Mandated by the 1987 Constitution, the speech is delivered every fourth Monday of July at the Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Metro Manila. The SONA, which is often broadcast, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present

the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, delivered his SONA to a joint session of Congress via RCA. The Address was picked up by a local radio network at 10:00 Philippine Time (GMT+8), in time for the opening of the regular session of the 2nd Congress. The tradition of delivering the SONA on the fourth Monday of January ended in 1972, when from 1973 to 1977, President Ferdinand E. Marcos delivered the Address every September 21—the official anniversary of his imposition of Martial Law upon the country. Since Congress was abolished with the promulgation of the 1973 Constitution, these addresses

"State of the Nation Address (South Africa)"
State of the Nation Address (South Africa) The State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of South Africa, in which the President of South Africa reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint sitting of Parliament (the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). The speech marks the opening of the parliamentary year and is usually attended by important political and governmental figures of South Africa, including former Presidents, the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court and other members of

were delivered before a legislative assembly either in Malacañang Palace or at Rizal Park, except in 1976 when the Address was given during the opening of the ""Batasang Bayan"" at the Philippine International Convention Center. President Marcos began giving the Address at the Batasang Pambansa Complex on June 12, 1978 during the opening session of the Interim Batasang Pambansa. From 1979 onwards, the SONA was delivered on the fourth Monday of July, following the provisions in the 1973 Constitution and the superseding 1987 Constitution. The only exceptions to this were in 1983, when the SONA was delivered on January 17

of the Government Communications and Information Service (GCiS). State of the Nation Address (South Africa) The State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of South Africa, in which the President of South Africa reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint sitting of Parliament (the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). The speech marks the opening of the parliamentary year and is usually attended by important political and governmental figures of South Africa, including former Presidents, the Chief Justice

the judiciary, the Governor of the Reserve Bank, and Ambassadors and Diplomats to the Republic. The 2008 SoNA marked the first address after the ousting of South African President Thabo Mbeki as President of the African National Congress (ANC) by former South African Deputy President Jacob Zuma, and also the absence of both former Presidents Nelson Mandela and FW de Klerk and their respective spouses. Because the Republic of South Africa has 11 Official languages, the State of the Nation Address is made available, either automatically or by request, in all of the official languages and published on the website

"Baby (Justin Bieber song)"
episode, ""OMG"" (parody of TMZ), there is a clip of Justin Beberry (portrayal of Bieber) singing a parody version called, ""Gravy"". Baby (Justin Bieber song) ""Baby"" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. It was released as the lead single from the latter half of Bieber's debut album, ""My World 2.0"". The track was written by Bieber with Christopher ""Tricky"" Stewart and Terius ""The-Dream"" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on ""One Time"", and also by R&B singer Christina Milian and labelmate, rapper Ludacris. It was available for digital download on January 18, 2010. The song received

Baby (Justin Bieber song) ""Baby"" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. It was released as the lead single from the latter half of Bieber's debut album, ""My World 2.0"". The track was written by Bieber with Christopher ""Tricky"" Stewart and Terius ""The-Dream"" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on ""One Time"", and also by R&B singer Christina Milian and labelmate, rapper Ludacris. It was available for digital download on January 18, 2010. The song received airplay directly after release, officially impacting mainstream and rhythmic radio on January 26, 2010. The song is uptempo R&B, blending together

also performed an acoustic rendition of the remix version with Drake at the 2010 Juno Awards. The official remix in the United Kingdom features British hip-hop artist Chipmunk. ""Baby"" was written by Bieber with Christopher ""Tricky"" Stewart and Terius ""The-Dream"" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on ""One Time"", R&B singer and The-Dream's then wife Christina Milian and labelmate, Ludacris. When asked how the collaboration initially came about, Bieber said, ""[Ludacris and I] both live in Atlanta. I met him a year prior to this and we figured it was a perfect collaboration for him, so we invited him

base satisfied, and Ludacris' brief cameo adds a welcome urban twist."" Bertoli went on to say, ""The matchup adds a layer of maturity to Bieber's repertoire and should further solidify his growing presence on the charts."" ""Rap-Up"" magazine said that ""the sweet pop fare gets a little street cred courtesy of the teen sensation's labelmate Ludacris."" Jody Rosen of ""Rolling Stone"" appreciated the song's vintage doo-wop and fifties aesthetic and hip-hop chants, and said the song included ""one of the catchiest choruses concocted by the-Dream and Tricky Stewart, the duo behind ""Umbrella"" and ""Single Ladies."" Luke O'Neill of ""Boston Globe""

dance-pop and hip-hop elements, while using influences of doo-wop music. The song has received positive reviews from critics who complimented the song's effective lyrics and chorus, and commended Ludacris' part and the song's ability to have an urban twist. The song was a commercial success, peaking at number one in France and Scotland, and charting in the top ten of the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, Norway, Japan, Ireland, Hungary, Belgium (Flanders), Slovakia and New Zealand. The accompanying music video takes place in a mall/bowling-alley setting. The video features several cameos such as Drake, Lil Twist and Tinashe,

think the vocals here will convince some that Justin Bieber really does have the vocal chops."" The song is predominantly upbeat, featuring Bieber's R&B vocals over a backdrop containing a dance infused beat, full of keyboard and ""disco string"" synths. The song is composed in the key of E♭ major with Bieber's vocal range spanning from the low-note of G to the high-note of C. According to Jody Rosen of ""Rolling Stone"", the song ""blends winks at Fifties doo-wop with hip-hop chants"", comparing the style and the lyrics ""My first love broke my heart for the first time/And I was

"Baby (LL Cool J song)"
Baby (LL Cool J song) ""Baby"" is the second single from rapper LL Cool J's 13th album ""Exit 13"". It features The-Dream, who co-wrote the song with 50 Cent, while Tricky Stewart produced it. The music video, directed by Benny Boom, premiered on FNMTV on July 11, 2008. In the video, they are at a party. LL spots a girl, and throughout the video, it shows him and the girl in a car and a store. They stand back to back during The-Dream's verse. Rapper Chamillionaire released a skit entitled ""Not Your Baby"". His song ""Answer Machine 3"", on his

"Baby (Ashanti song)"
Hot R&B Songs chart. The song is her fifth top ten entry on the Hot R&B Songs chart. The song only managed to chart at numbers forty-eight and eighty-nine on the Netherlands and Germany charts. The music video features actress Nia Long. It is directed by CEO and founder of Murder Inc, Irv Gotti. A video was also made for a remix which featured labelmate Crooked I. Baby (Ashanti song) ""Baby"" is the third single by American R&B singer Ashanti from her debut album. It was written by Ashanti, Irving Lorenzo, Andre Parker, Brad Jordan, Mike Dean and producer 7

like/Baby, baby, baby, ooooh/I thought you'd always be mine"" to fifties ballads like ""Tears on My Pillow"", ""Why Do Fools Fall in Love"" and ""Earth Angel"". Lyrically, Bieber's lines explain his distress over his lost love, and promise to get it back, featured in lines like, ""And I wanna play it cool/But I'm losin' you…/I'm in pieces/So come and fix me…"". The chorus features the distinct and repetitive ""baby, baby, baby, ohhhh (nooooo)"" hook. After the second verse, Ludacris comes in with the verse-rap, an anecdote of young love when he was thirteen, as it runs ""When I was 13/I

Baby-Baby-Baby
Baby-Baby-Baby ""Baby-Baby-Baby"" is a song recorded by American girl group TLC. It was the second single released from their debut album ""Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip"" (1992), and their second consecutive top-ten hit. It was the most successful single from the album, reaching number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, giving them their first number-one single on that chart. ""Baby-Baby-Baby"" was written and produced by Babyface, L.A. Reid and Daryl Simmons. The song features vocals by T-Boz, Left Eye and Chilli, although it is the first song not to

"Luke Grimes"
show's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in ""American Sniper"" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" (2015), and its sequels, ""Fifty Shades Darker"" (2017) and ""Fifty Shades Freed"" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in ""Freeheld"" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the

"Dakota Johnson"
2010, she was in a relationship with Noah Gersh, a musician in a band called <nowiki>""</nowiki>HoneyChild<nowiki>""</nowiki> before starting a relationship with Jordan Masterson. In July 2014, she started dating Welsh ""Drowner""s-frontman Matthew Hitt. The couple had an on-and-off relationship until June 2016.Johnson started dating Coldplay frontman Chris Martin in October 2017. Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the ""Fifty Shades"" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie

Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the ""Fifty Shades"" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress and a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, among others. Johnson made her acting debut in the film ""Crazy in Alabama"" (1999). She held supporting roles in the films ""The Social Network"" (2010), ""Beastly"" (2011), ""21 Jump Street"" (2012), ""The Five-Year Engagement"" (2012), and ""Need for Speed"" (2014). Following her ""Fifty

James' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his ""Twilight"" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be ""weird"". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series ""The Vampire Diaries"". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia

"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
Fifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the ""Fifty Shades"" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film ""Fifty Shades of Grey"", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on ""Fifty Shades Darker"" and its sequel

"Gino Anthony Pesi"
a concentration in acting. In 2013, Pesi was diagnosed with Acromegaly while filming ""42"". Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa removed his tumor, and Pesi credits ""Dr. Q"" with allowing ""me the opportunity to better my health."" Pesi refers to this experience as ""the greatest gift I've had,"" with a better appreciation of his life. Gino Anthony Pesi Gino Anthony Pesi (born November 3, 1980) is an American actor, producer, and writer. He is best known for his role as James Nava in the NBC series ""Shades of Blue"". Pesi was born on November 3, 1980 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at Magee-Women's hospital. He grew

"Stephen Curry"
the NBA Most Valuable Player after posting averages of 23.8 points, 7.7 assists and 2 steals per game. Over the course of the season, he sat out 17 fourth quarters due to Golden State's wide margins of victory. In Game 5 of the Conference Semifinals against the Memphis Grizzlies, Curry became the first player in league history to register six three-pointers and six steals in a game. In Game 6, he made a playoff career-high eight three-pointers en route to a series-clinching victory. In Game 3 of the Conference Finals against the Houston Rockets, he broke the NBA record for

Finals for a third straight year while becoming the first team in league history to start the playoffs 12–0. In Game 2 of the 2017 NBA Finals against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Curry recorded his first career postseason triple-double with 32 points, 11 assists and 10 rebounds to help the Warriors go up 2–0 in the series with a 132–113 win. Curry helped the Warriors clinch the series and the championship in Game 5 with 34 points, 10 assists and six rebounds, as Golden State claimed its second title in three years. On July 1, 2017, Curry agreed to a five-year,

for the month of April, averaging 25.4 points, 8.1 assists, 3.9 rebounds and 2.13 steals in eight games in the final month of the season to become the third Warrior to ever win the award, joining Chris Mullin (November 1990 and January 1989) and Bernard King (January 1981). He tallied two of the NBA's top six scoring games with 54 points on February 27 at New York and 47 on April 12 at Los Angeles, becoming the first Warrior to score 45-plus at New York and L.A. in the same season since Rick Barry in 1966 (joining Barry, Guy Rodgers

free-throw line (.908). For the season, Curry was named the league's first ever unanimous MVP, becoming the 11th player in NBA history to win the award in consecutive seasons and the first guard to do so since Steve Nash in 2004–05 and 2005–06. In playoffs, the Warriors defeated the Houston Rockets in the first round despite Curry only playing in the first half of games one and four due to injury. A right MCL injury kept him out of the first three games of the second round. In game four of the second-round series against the Portland Trail Blazers, Curry

know that I've been thinking about them."" Also in 2015, after winning the MVP award following his impressive season, Curry donated his prize vehicle—a 2016 Kia Sorento—to the East Oakland Youth Development Center, a local non-profit organization located in the backyard of Oracle Arena. Curry is currently one of the most successful players in the NBA, and he has also become an international celebrity, on par with four-time MVP LeBron James. His flashy play and penchant for coming up big in the clutch have made him a fan favorite, and his smaller physique is said to have made his success

2009–10 and the most since LeBron James had 13 and Carmelo Anthony had 10 in 2003–04. Curry had five 30-point/10-assist games, which tied Michael Jordan for the second-most 30-point/10-assist games by a rookie (Oscar Robertson is first with 25). He became just the sixth rookie in NBA history to post a 35-point, 10-assist, 10-rebound game when he registered his first career triple-double with 36 points, 13 assists and 10 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers on February 10. In the Warriors' season finale against the Portland Trail Blazers on April 14, Curry recorded a then career-high 42 points, nine rebounds

most three-pointers made in a single postseason. The Warriors went on to defeat the Rockets to earn a Finals matchup with the Cleveland Cavaliers, where Curry struggled to start the series, converting on only 22 percent of his field goals in Game 2. In Game 5, he scored 37 points, and in Game 6, Golden State closed out the series to win their first championship in 40 years. For the Finals, Curry averaged 26 points and 6.3 assists per game. On October 27, 2015, Curry scored 40 points (including a career-high 24 points in the first quarter) in the Warriors'

starter since Latrell Sprewell in 1995. He scored a season-high 47 points on April 13 against the Portland Trail Blazers for his third 40-point game of the year. He finished the regular season tied for second in the NBA in triple-doubles with four, the most by a Warrior in a single season since Wilt Chamberlain had five in 1963–64. Seeded sixth for the second consecutive postseason, the Warriors were defeated in seven games by the Los Angeles Clippers. Prior to the start of the 2014–15 season, the Warriors hired former NBA player and general manager Steve Kerr as their new

and Wilt Chamberlain as the only four Warriors to do so). Curry's 54 points against the Knicks included a career-best and franchise-record 11 three-pointers, becoming the first player in NBA history to score 50-plus points while hitting 10-plus three-pointers in a game. It was the most scored by a Warrior since Purvis Short tallied 59 points in 1984. He appeared in the playoffs for the first time in 2013, with the Warriors earning the sixth seed in the Western Conference. In 12 playoff games (all starts), he averaged 23.4 points, 8.1 assists and 3.8 rebounds. He set a new franchise

"The Cosby Show"
life. The show led to the spinoff ""A Different World"", which ran for six seasons from 1987 to 1993. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family, living in a brownstone in Brooklyn Heights, New York, at 10 Stigwood Avenue. The patriarch is Cliff Huxtable, an obstetrician and son of a prominent jazz trombonist. The matriarch is his wife, attorney Clair Huxtable. They have four daughters and one son: Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa, and Rudy. Despite its comedic tone, the show sometimes involves serious subjects, like Theo's experiences dealing with dyslexia, inspired by Cosby's dyslexic son,

The Cosby Show The Cosby Show was an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York. ""The Cosby Show"" spent five consecutive seasons as the number-one rated show on television. ""The Cosby Show"" and ""All in the Family"" are the only sitcoms in the history of the Nielsen ratings to be the number-one show for five seasons. It spent all eight of its seasons in the top 20. According to

driver, who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician. With advice from his wife Camille Cosby, though, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a physician. Cosby wanted the program to be educational, reflecting his own background in education. He also insisted that the program be taped in New York City instead of Los Angeles, where most television programs were taped. The Huxtable home exterior was filmed at 10 St. Luke's Place near 7th Avenue in Manhattan's Greenwich Village (although in the show, the residence was

the fictional ""10 Stigwood Avenue""). The earliest episodes of the series were videotaped at NBC's Brooklyn studios (now owned by JC Studios). The network later sold that building, and production moved to the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens. Even though the show was set to take place in Brooklyn, the exterior façade was actually of a brownstone townhouse located in Manhattan's Greenwich Village at 10 Leroy Street/ 10 St. Luke's Place. The pilot was filmed in May 1984, with season one's production commencing in July 1984, and the first taping on August 1, 1984 (""Goodbye Mr. Goldfish""). During its original

"Pilot (The Cosby Show)"
decided whether the brownstone would be set in Brooklyn or Manhattan. The set used for the pilot episode of ""The Cosby Show"" was notably different than the one used during the remainder of the series. In the first episode, the first floor has extra rooms that it does not have in the rest of the series. In the pilot, Cliff and Clair Huxtable have only four children. The fifth child, Sondra - who was the eldest child - was not introduced until the tenth episode of the first season, entitled ""Bon Jour, Sondra"". Her being away at college is the

"William Earl Dodge Stokes"
1903, the $3 million Ansonia had 350 suites with several restaurants, a bank, a barbershop, a ballroom, a swimming pool and full hotel services, along with an imposing Parisian-style facade of turrets and balconies. In 1907, the New York Board of Health planned to raid the Ansonia hotel's roof and confiscate the four pet geese and a pig, called Nanki-Poo, that they had been informed that Stokes kept there. Stokes and his butler hid the animals in the basement and convinced the inspector that the roof was animal-free. In 1900, as reported in ""The New York Times"", Stokes bought at

"Laura Jane Barney"
late husband's, her father's and her own). Born in 1927 in New York, Laura Jane ""Bootsy"" Belmont, divided time with her family between their sprawling 960 Fifth Avenue apartment and their landmark estates in the exclusive Belle Haven community of Greenwich, CT and Newport, RI. An only child, both her parents were from prestigious American families. The Belmonts especially are remembered for their connection in business with the Vanderbilts in banking and railroads. During the winter debutante season she was named a debutante of the year at the age of eighteen. She went on to attend Miss Porter's Boarding school

"Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney"
times. On March 1, 1942, Betsey married millionaire John Hay ""Jock"" Whitney (1904–1982), who had been previously married to socialite Elizabeth Altemus. Whitney adopted both of Betsey's daughters. They moved to London in 1957, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower named Whitney Ambassador to the Court of St. James's. During the 1970s, Whitney was listed as one of the ten wealthiest men in the world. Their residences over the years included the Greentree estate on Long Island; Greenwood Plantation in Georgia; a town house and an elegant apartment in Manhattan; a large summer house on Fishers Island, near New London, Connecticut;

"Charles M. Schwab House"
Charles M. Schwab House The Charles M. Schwab House (also called Riverside) was an extravagant, 75 room mansion located on Riverside Drive between West 73rd and West 74th Streets, on the Upper West Side in New York City. It was constructed for steel magnate Charles M. Schwab and was the grandest and most ambitious house ever built on the island of Manhattan. The home was considered by many to be the classic example of a ""white elephant"", as it was built on the ""wrong"" side of Central Park away from the more fashionable Upper East Side. The home was designed

"George Jetson"
George Jetson George J. Jetson is a fictional character from the animated television series ""The Jetsons"". He is the father of the Jetson family. He is the husband of Jane Jetson and the father of teenage daughter Judy and son Elroy. George resides with his family and his dog Astro in the Skypad Apartments in Orbit City, in a future with the trappings of science fantasy depictions of American life in the future, such as robot servants, flying saucer-like cars, and moving sidewalks. All the apartment buildings are set on giant poles, resembling Seattle's Space Needle; the ground is almost

"2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Final"
Cup final – Mithali Raj and Jhulan Goswami for India, and Katherine Brunt, Laura Marsh, and Sarah Taylor for England. England's captain Heather Knight won the toss and elected to bat. Their openers, Lauren Winfield (24 runs) and Tammy Beaumont (23), made steady progress, putting on 47 runs before Winfield was bowled by Rajeshwari Gayakwad. Beaumont was out three overs later, caught in the deep off the bowling of Poonam Yadav. This brought Heather Knight (1) to the crease, but she lasted just seven balls before also being dismissed by Yadav, leg before wicket (lbw; via DRS). Sarah Taylor (45)

2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Final The 2017 ICC Women's World Cup Final was a one-day international cricket match played between England and India to decide the winner of the 2017 Women's World Cup. England won the game by nine runs to secure their fourth World Cup title, with Anya Shrubsole named player of the match. It was one of the closest finals in tournament history, with only the 2000 final being decided by a narrower margin. The final was played at Lord's Cricket Ground, London, on 23 July 2017. Lord's had been announced as the host on 8 February

a score of 281/4, with Harmanpreet Kaur scoring 171 (not out) from 115 balls, including seven sixes. This was the highest individual score in the knockout stages of a World Cup, and was widely heralded as one of the greatest ever World Cup innings. In response, Australia was bowled out for 245, leaving India the victors by 36 runs. Each team had 15 players in its tournament squad, 11 of whom played in the final. Both teams selected the same line-up for the final as they used in their semi-finals. Only five selected players had previously played in a World

the second time in their history. The first had been a loss to Australia in 2005. The group stage of the 2017 World Cup consisted of a simple round-robin, with each of the eight teams playing each other once and the top four teams progressing to the semi-finals. In the opening match of the tournament, India unexpectedly defeated England by 35 runs. However, England went on to win all six of their remaining group-stage games, finishing top of the table – with the same number of points as Australia but a superior net run rate. India finished third in the

"2017 Independence Cup"
2017 Independence Cup The 2017 Independence Cup was a cricket tournament that took place in Lahore, Pakistan. It was contested between a World XI team and Pakistan across three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. Pakistan won the series 2–1. South Africa's Faf du Plessis captained the World XI team, with Sarfraz Ahmed leading Pakistan. Ten of the players in the Pakistan squad had not previously played in an international match at home. The World XI side arrived in Lahore a day before the first fixture under high security. The cup was named in commemoration of Pakistan's 70th year of independence. The

"2017 ICC Champions Trophy"
2017 ICC Champions Trophy The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was the eighth ICC Champions Trophy, a cricket tournament for the eight top-ranked One Day International (ODI) teams in the world. It was held in England and Wales from 1 June to 18 June 2017. Pakistan won the competition for the first time with a 180-run victory over India in the final at The Oval. The margin of victory was the largest by any team in the final of an ICC ODI tournament in terms of runs. The top eight teams in the ICC ODI Championship rankings as on 30 September

"2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final"
lost to India in the first game by 124 runs in a sloppy display, but then defeated top-ranked South Africa by 19 runs by virtue of Duckworth–Lewis method in their next game. They gained momentum and beat Sri Lanka by 3 wickets in their final group game, a thrilling must-win encounter, and qualified for the semi-finals placed second in Group B, behind India on net run rate. In the semi-final, England with their undefeated run and home advantage were tipped firm favourites. However, they were outplayed by Pakistan with both bat and ball, the latter winning comprehensively by 8 wickets

reach their fourth Champions Trophy final, a record. In an outstanding performance, Pakistan beat India comfortably to win their maiden ICC Champions Trophy, outclassing them across all departments to win by 180 runs, which was the largest margin of victory in the final of an ICC ODI tournament. Pakistan, who were massive underdogs entering as the lowest-ranked team in the competition, became the seventh nation to win the Champions Trophy, and it was their first ICC ODI tournament title since 1992. Fakhar Zaman of Pakistan received the Man of the Match award for scoring a sublime 114. Shikhar Dhawan of

time while India beat Bangladesh by 9 wickets to make their second consecutive appearance and fourth overall in a final. The team of the tournament was named by the ICC the day after the final. The team included seven members of the 22 players who featured in the final, as well as three Englishmen, a Bangladeshi and a New Zealander. In a media release before the commencement of the tournament, the ICC stated that live broadcast would be made available in ""more than 200 territories, across five continents"". The release added that the tournament's broadcast would reach China, South Korea,

2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final The final of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was played on 18 June 2017 between Pakistan and India at The Oval in London, to determine the winner of the eighth edition of the ICC Champions Trophy. Pakistan qualified for the final by defeating the hosts England convincingly by 8 wickets in the first semi-final at Cardiff in Wales on 14 June, and reached their maiden Champions Trophy final. India, the defending champions and favourites, came into the final by defeating Bangladesh comfortably by 9 wickets in the second semi-final at Birmingham on 15 June, to

"Cornell Notes"
only a fast method of writing notes, but one is able to absorb the information that is given at a faster rate. This results in better exam outcomes. This method can improve student's studying and listening skills. Cornell Notes The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book ""How to Study in College"". The Cornell method provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes. This system of taking notes is

Cornell Notes The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book ""How to Study in College"". The Cornell method provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes. This system of taking notes is designed for a high school or college level student. The student divides the paper into two columns: the note-taking column (usually on the right) is twice the size of the questions/key word column (on the left). The

Note-taking
digital devices when required. The Cornell Method is a systematical structure that help organize your notes, actively involve you in the creation of knowledge, improve your study expertness, and lead to academic success. The Cornell method of taking notes was developed by Dr. Walter Pauk of Cornell University in 1940's. This effective system for taking notes was made prestigious by Pauk's best selling book ""How To Study In College"" and is commonly used at many universities today. The Cornell method consists of dividing a single page into three sections: Notes, Cues and a Summary, its own system is characterized by

Greeks developed hypomnema, personal records on important subjects. In the Renaissance and early modern period, students learned to take notes in schools, academies and universities, oftentimes producing beautiful volumes that served as reference works after they finished their studies. In predigital times there were many kinds of notebooks used by adults, some of which included accounting waste books, marginalia, and commonplace books. Philosopher John Locke developed an indexing system which served as a model for commonplace books; for example, it inspired another book, ""Bell’s Common-Place Book, Formed generally upon the Principles Recommended and Practised by Mr Locke"" nearly a century

"Ezra Cornell"
lead pipe. Ezra's knowledge of plows was put to the test and Ezra devised a special kind of plow that would dig a }} ditch, lay the pipe and telegraph wire in the ditch and cover it back up as it went. Later it was found that condensation in the pipes and poor insulation of the wires impeded the electrical current on the wires and so hanging the wire from telegraph poles became the accepted method. Cornell made his fortune in the telegraph business as an associate of Samuel Morse, having gained his trust by constructing and stringing the telegraph

"William Wesley Cornell"
William Wesley Cornell William Wesley Cornell (1823–1870) was an industrialist and philanthropist from New York and the namesake of Cornell College in Iowa. Cornell was born in western New York and moved to New York City at the age of twelve to become a blacksmith's apprentice. The blacksmith to whom he apprenticed brought Cornell to Jane-Street Methodist Episcopal Sunday School, and Cornell became a lifelong Methodist and later served as the Church's Sunday-school Superintendent. Cornell eventually started his own iron foundry with his brother, John Black Cornell (1821–1887). The firm was known as J. B. and W. W. Cornell, and

"History of Cornell University"
History of Cornell University The history of Cornell University begins when its two founders, Andrew Dickson White of Syracuse and Ezra Cornell of Ithaca, met in the New York State Senate in January 1864. Together, they established Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, in 1865. The university was initially funded by Ezra Cornell's $400,000 endowment and by New York's allotment of the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. However, even before Ezra Cornell and Andrew White met in the New York Senate, each had separate plans and dreams that would draw them toward their collaboration in founding Cornell. White believed

"Cornell University"
Cornell University Cornell University ( ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation: ""I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."" The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions

"Cornell literary societies"
club. Three editors, a sophomore, junior, and senior, were appointed by the retiring ""Review"" board. Issued first as a quarterly in 1873, it became a monthly in 1874–1875. And throughout the 1880s, the surviving literary societies competed against new student interests, such as the Cornell Congress and the emerging Cornell Athletics. Literary exercises were also conducted within social fraternities, which undercut the need for separate societies that drew members from multiple fraternities or independents. The creation of a ""Society Hall"" was proposed by Andrew Dickson White with a $1,000 gift in January to be matched by $300 from the members

separate nonprofit corporation and is now known as ""Cornell Alumni Magazine"". Under the Morrill Act, states were obligated to fund the maintenance of land grant college facilities, but were not obligated to fund operations. Subsequent laws required states to match federal funds for agricultural research stations and cooperative extension. In his inaugural address as Cornell's third president on November 11, 1892, Jacob Gould Schurman announced his intention to enlist the financial support of the state. Until that point, Cornell's relationship with the state was a net economic loss. Cornell was offering full scholarships to four students in each New York

"California Aqueduct"
southern end. The aqueduct begins at the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta at the Banks Pumping Plant, which pumps from the Clifton Court Forebay. Water is pumped by the Banks Pumping Plant to the Bethany Reservoir. The reservoir serves as a forebay for the South Bay Aqueduct via the South Bay Pumping Plant. From the Bethany Reservoir, the aqueduct flows by gravity approximately to the O'Neill Forebay at the San Luis Reservoir. From the O'Neill Forebay, it flows approximately to the Dos Amigos Pumping Plant. After Dos Amigos, the aqueduct flows about to where the Coastal Branch splits from the ""main

abrupt rises and gradual falls. The water flows down a long segment, built at a slight grade, and arrives at a pumping station powered by Path 66 or Path 15. The pumping station raises the water, where it again gradually flows downhill to the next station. However, where there are substantial drops, the water's potential energy is recaptured by hydroelectric plants. The initial pumping station fed by the Sacramento River Delta raises the water , while a series of pumps culminating at the Edmonston Pumping Plant raises the water over the Tehachapi Mountains. The Edmonston Pumping station requires so much

Joaquin Delta, a complex network of marshy channels, distributaries and sloughs that wind around islands mainly used for agriculture. Here the freshwater of the rivers merges with tidewater, and eventually reach the Pacific Ocean after passing through Suisun Bay, San Pablo Bay, upper San Francisco Bay and finally the Golden Gate. Many of the islands now lie below sea level because of intensive agriculture, and have a high risk of flooding, which would cause salt water to rush back into the delta, especially when there is too little fresh water flowing in from the Valley. The Sacramento River carries far

"Water in California"
Lake, correct air-quality law violations, and rewater portions of the Owens River, Los Angeles has begun to reduce its dependence on Eastern Sierra Nevada water. This has mostly been achieved through water conservation. The city enacted a program offering free low-flow toilets to its customers. The Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct carries water from the Tuolumne River to San Francisco and other Bay Area regions. The system starts in Hetch Hetchy Valley, inside Yosemite National Park. The system also generates up to 400MW of electrical power, depending on rainfall, most of which is sent to San Francisco via city-owned power lines. After

California Aqueduct The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that conveys water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California. Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald ""Pat"" Brown Sr., the over aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project. The aqueduct begins at the Clifton Court Forebay at the southwestern corner of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. The aqueduct then heads south, eventually splitting into three branches: the Coastal Branch, ending at Lake Cachuma in Santa Barbara County; the West Branch,

"Los Angeles Aqueduct"
Los Angeles Aqueduct The Los Angeles Aqueduct system, comprising the Los Angeles Aqueduct (Owens Valley aqueduct) and the Second Los Angeles Aqueduct, is a water conveyance system, built and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The Owens Valley aqueduct was designed and built by the city's water department, at the time named The Bureau of Los Angeles Aqueduct, under the supervision of the department's Chief Engineer William Mulholland. The system delivers water from the Owens River in the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains to Los Angeles, California. In 1971 it was recognized by the American Society of

conveying water to Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County; and the East Branch, connecting Silverwood Lake in San Bernardino County. The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct, including one pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, Gianelli Power Plant. Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms San Luis Reservoir, the largest offstream reservoir in the United States. The Castaic Power Plant, while similar and which is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, is located on the northern end of Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the

"Colorado River Aqueduct"
Colorado River Aqueduct The Colorado River Aqueduct, or CRA, is a water conveyance in Southern California in the United States, operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). The aqueduct impounds water from the Colorado River at Lake Havasu on the California-Arizona border west across the Mojave and Colorado deserts to the east side of the Santa Ana Mountains. It is one of the primary sources of drinking water for Southern California. Originally conceived by William Mulholland and designed by Chief Engineer Frank E. Weymouth of the MWD, it was the largest public works project in southern California

constructed consisted of six storage reservoirs and of conduit. Beginning three and one half miles north of Black Rock Springs, the aqueduct diverts the Owens River into an unlined canal to begin its journey south to the Lower San Fernando Reservoir. This reservoir was later renamed the Lower Van Norman Reservoir. The original project consisted of of open unlined canal, of lined open canal, of covered concrete conduit, of concrete tunnels, steel siphons, of railroad track, two hydroelectric plants, three cement plants, of power lines, of telephone line, of roads and was later expanded with the construction of the Mono

"History of California 1900–present"
mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California. The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct, including the two largest pumped-storage hydroelectric plants in California, Castaic and Gianelli. Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms San Luis Reservoir, the largest off-stream reservoir in the United States. The Castaic Power Plant is located at the northern end of Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end. The aqueduct begins at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta at the Banks Pumping Plant, which pumps from the Clifton Court

"History of Africa"
History of Africa The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – at least 200,000 years ago – anatomically modern humans (""Homo sapiens""), in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. The earliest known recorded history arose in the Kingdom of Kush, and later in Ancient Egypt, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. Following the desertification of the Sahara, North African history became entwined with the Middle East and Southern Europe while the Bantu expansion swept from modern day Cameroon (West

Pangaea
included large amounts of land near the poles and, near the equator, only a relatively small strip connecting the polar masses. Pannotia lasted until 540 Ma, near the beginning of the Cambrian period and then broke up, giving rise to the continents of Laurentia, Baltica, and the southern supercontinent of Gondwana. In the Cambrian period, the continent of Laurentia, which would later become North America, sat on the equator, with three bordering oceans: the Panthalassic Ocean to the north and west, the Iapetus Ocean to the south and the Khanty Ocean to the east. In the Earliest Ordovician, around 480

Continent
or the western border of Egypt (Gibbon). In the Middle Ages, the world was usually portrayed on T and O maps, with the T representing the waters dividing the three continents. By the middle of the 18th century, ""the fashion of dividing Asia and Africa at the Nile, or at the Great Catabathmus [the boundary between Egypt and Libya] farther west, had even then scarcely passed away"". Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies in 1492, sparking a period of European exploration of the Americas. But despite four voyages to the Americas, Columbus never believed he

Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia (Cuba and Hispaniola). This gave them control over Africa, Asia and eastern South America (Brazil). The Spanish (Castile) received everything west of this line. At the time of negotiation, the treaty split the known world of Atlantic islands roughly in half, with the dividing line about halfway between Portuguese Cape Verde and the Spanish discoveries in the Caribbean. Pedro Álvares Cabral encountered in 1500 what is now known as the Brazilian coast, originally thought to be a large island. Since it was east

Pangaea
Pangaea Pangaea or Pangea () was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists. The name ""Pangaea/Pangea"" is derived from Ancient Greek ""pan"" (, ""all, entire, whole"") and ""Gaia"" (, ""Mother

"History of Earth"
and past distributions of flora and fauna. The further back in time, the scarcer and harder to interpret the data get and the more uncertain the reconstructions. Throughout the history of the Earth, there have been times when continents collided and formed a supercontinent, which later broke up into new continents. About 1000 to 830 Ma, most continental mass was united in the supercontinent Rodinia. Rodinia may have been preceded by Early-Middle Proterozoic continents called Nuna and Columbia. After the break-up of Rodinia about 800 Ma, the continents may have formed another short-lived supercontinent around 550 Ma. The hypothetical supercontinent

"History of the Americas"
started down the road of economic integration, with plans for political integration in the European Union style. History of the Americas The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from peoples of the ""Old World"" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th century from Norway and with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. The ancestors of today's American Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians; they were hunter-gatherers who migrated

History of the Americas The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from peoples of the ""Old World"" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th century from Norway and with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. The ancestors of today's American Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians; they were hunter-gatherers who migrated into North America. The most popular theory asserts that migrants came to the Americas via Beringia, the

decline of the Norte Chico civilization, several large, centralized civilizations developed in the Western Hemisphere: Chavin, Nazca, Moche, Huari, Quitus, Cañaris, Chimu, Pachacamac, Tiahuanaco, Aymara and Inca in the Central Andes (Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia); Muisca in Colombia ; Taínos in Dominican Republic (Hispaniola, Española) and part of Caribbean; and the Olmecs, Maya, Toltecs, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, Aztecs and Purepecha in southern North America (Mexico, Guatemala). The Olmec civilization was the first Mesoamerican civilization, beginning around 1600-1400 BC and ending around 400 BC. Mesoamerica is considered one of the six sites around the globe in which civilization developed independently and indigenously.

"History of the world"
""Homo sapiens"" diverged from the lineage that would lead to chimpanzees and bonobos, the closest living relatives of modern humans, around 4.6 to 6.2 million years ago. Anatomically modern humans arose in Africa about 300,000 years ago, and reached behavioural modernity about 50,000 years ago. Modern humans spread rapidly from Africa into the frost-free zones of Europe and Asia around 60,000 years ago. The rapid expansion of humankind to North America and Oceania took place at the climax of the most recent ice age, when temperate regions of today were extremely inhospitable. Yet, humans had colonized nearly all the ice-free

"Phase transition"
Phase transition The term phase transition (or phase change) is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter, as well as plasma in rare cases. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change, often discontinuously, as a result of the change of some external condition, such as temperature, pressure, or others. For example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to the boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The measurement

between liquid and gas becomes a second-order transition. Near the critical point, the fluid is sufficiently hot and compressed that the distinction between the liquid and gaseous phases is almost non-existent. This is associated with the phenomenon of critical opalescence, a milky appearance of the liquid due to density fluctuations at all possible wavelengths (including those of visible light). Phase transitions often involve a symmetry breaking process. For instance, the cooling of a fluid into a crystalline solid breaks continuous translation symmetry: each point in the fluid has the same properties, but each point in a crystal does not have

"Phase (matter)"
decrease in temperature. The energy required to induce the phase transition is taken from the internal thermal energy of the water, which cools the liquid to a lower temperature; hence evaporation is useful for cooling. See Enthalpy of vaporization. The reverse process, condensation, releases heat. The heat energy, or enthalpy, associated with a solid to liquid transition is the enthalpy of fusion and that associated with a solid to gas transition is the enthalpy of sublimation. While phases of matter are traditionally defined for systems in thermal equilibrium, work on quantum many-body localized (MBL) systems has provided a framework for

to one (100%) as the temperature is lowered. This continuous variation of the coexisting fractions with temperature raised interesting possibilities. On cooling, some liquids vitrify into a glass rather than transform to the equilibrium crystal phase. This happens if the cooling rate is faster than a critical cooling rate, and is attributed to the molecular motions becoming so slow that the molecules cannot rearrange into the crystal positions. This slowing down happens below a glass-formation temperature Tg, which may depend on the applied pressure. If the first-order freezing transition occurs over a range of temperatures, and Tg falls within this

parameter. Examples include: quantum phase transitions, dynamic phase transitions, and topological (structural) phase transitions. In these types of systems other parameters take the place of temperature. For instance, connection probability replaces temperature for percolating networks. At the phase transition point (for instance, boiling point) the two phases of a substance, liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Below the boiling point, the liquid is the more stable state of the two, whereas above the gaseous form is preferred. It is sometimes possible to change the state of a system diabatically (as opposed to

molecules are constantly in motion and, once in a while, a molecule in the liquid phase gains enough kinetic energy to break away from the liquid phase and enter the gas phase. Likewise, every once in a while a vapor molecule collides with the liquid surface and condenses into the liquid. At equilibrium, evaporation and condensation processes exactly balance and there is no net change in the volume of either phase. At room temperature and pressure, the water jar reaches equilibrium when the air over the water has a humidity of about 3%. This percentage increases as the temperature goes

the first derivative of the free energy with respect to some thermodynamic variable. The various solid/liquid/gas transitions are classified as first-order transitions because they involve a discontinuous change in density, which is the (inverse of the) first derivative of the free energy with respect to pressure. ""Second-order phase transitions"" are continuous in the first derivative (the order parameter, which is the first derivative of the free energy with respect to the external field, is continuous across the transition) but exhibit discontinuity in a second derivative of the free energy. These include the ferromagnetic phase transition in materials such as iron,

and gas become indistinguishable. Above the critical point, there are no longer separate liquid and gas phases: there is only a generic fluid phase referred to as a supercritical fluid. In water, the critical point occurs at around 647 K (374 °C or 705 °F) and 22.064 MPa. An unusual feature of the water phase diagram is that the solid–liquid phase line (illustrated by the dotted green line) has a negative slope. For most substances, the slope is positive as exemplified by the dark green line. This unusual feature of water is related to ice having a lower density than

parts of the system have completed the transition and others have not. Familiar examples are the melting of ice or the boiling of water (the water does not instantly turn into vapor, but forms a turbulent mixture of liquid water and vapor bubbles). Imry and Wortis showed that quenched disorder can broaden a first-order transition. That is, the transformation is completed over a finite range of temperatures, but phenomena like supercooling and superheating survive and hysteresis is observed on thermal cycling. Second-order phase transitions are also called ""continuous phase transitions"". They are characterized by a divergent susceptibility, an infinite correlation

up. At 100 °C and atmospheric pressure, equilibrium is not reached until the air is 100% water. If the liquid is heated a little over 100 °C, the transition from liquid to gas will occur not only at the surface, but throughout the liquid volume: the water boils. For a given composition, only certain phases are possible at a given temperature and pressure. The number and type of phases that will form is hard to predict and is usually determined by experiment. The results of such experiments can be plotted in phase diagrams. The phase diagram shown here is for

"Should've Been a Cowboy"
Should've Been a Cowboy ""Should've Been a Cowboy"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on February 12, 1993 as his debut single and the first from his self-titled debut album. On June 5, 1993, the song reached number one on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs and the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks charts. It also peaked at number 93 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, making it a minor crossover hit. It has received more than three million spins on country radio, making it the most-played country song of the 1990s.

downloadable content on the music video game, ""Rock Band"". ""Should've Been a Cowboy"" debuted at number 69 on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week of March 6, 1993. It became Keith's first number one single on the chart dated June 5, 1993, remaining there for two weeks. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on November 28, 2012, almost twenty years after its release. Should've Been a Cowboy ""Should've Been a Cowboy"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on February 12, 1993 as his debut single and the

The song is a staple following sporting events at Oklahoma State University (home of the Cowboys), often played over the venue's PA system several times in succession as fans emptied the stadium or arena. The lyrics romanticize the cowboy lifestyle through references to old Westerns. The first verse references ""Gunsmoke"", in which cowboy hero Marshall Dillon never settled down with love interest Miss Kitty. The second verse tells of his own adventures if the narrator were a cowboy: having ""a sidekick with a funny name"" (possibly a reference to sidekicks like Tonto or Festus or Gordito), travelling west to California

(including the historical quote ""Go West, young man""), hunting down Western outlaw Jesse James, joining up with the Texas Rangers, and so on. The chorus refers to famous singing cowboys Gene Autry and Roy Rogers, and lists common patterns depicted in Westerns such as six shooters (revolvers) and cattle drives. ""Should've Been a Cowboy"" was Keith's first music video. It was filmed in Las Cruces, New Mexico and was directed by Marc Ball and premiered on CMT in March 1993. A second version of the video was made featuring clips of the 1992 Dallas Cowboys. The song is available as

"Toby Keith"
Toby Keith Toby Keith Covel (born July 8, 1961), better known as Toby Keith, is an American country singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer. Keith released his first four studio albums—1993's ""Toby Keith"", 1994's ""Boomtown"", 1996's ""Blue Moon"" and 1997's ""Dream Walkin'"", plus a Greatest Hits package for various divisions of Mercury Records before leaving Mercury in 1998. These albums all earned Gold or higher certification, and produced several Top Ten singles, including his debut ""Should've Been a Cowboy"", which topped the country charts and was the most-played country song of the 1990s. The song has received three million spins

"Patsy Montana"
Patsy Montana Ruby Rose Blevins (October 30, 1908 – May 3, 1996), known professionally as Patsy Montana, was an American country music singer, songwriter and actress. Montana was the first female country performer to have a million-selling single with her signature song ""I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart"", and is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Ruby Blevins (she added an ""e"" to Ruby in her late teens) was born in Beaudry, Arkansas and grew up near Hope. She had ten siblings, all of them boys, However, two died early from an accidental fire. In 1929,

Fame in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1996. Patsy Montana Ruby Rose Blevins (October 30, 1908 – May 3, 1996), known professionally as Patsy Montana, was an American country music singer, songwriter and actress. Montana was the first female country performer to have a million-selling single with her signature song ""I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart"", and is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Ruby Blevins (she added an ""e"" to Ruby in her late teens) was born in Beaudry, Arkansas and grew up near Hope. She had ten siblings, all of them boys, However, two died early

"God Must Be a Cowboy"
and photographs of a mix of ranches and cowboys in their typical lifestyle. God Must Be a Cowboy ""God Must Be a Cowboy"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dan Seals. It was released in January 1984 as the fourth and final single from his album ""Rebel Heart"". It was also his first top 10 hit, reaching #10. It is also the album's most successful single. The music video, directed by Neil Abramson, is one of three videos Seals filmed specially for his 1991 video compilation, ""A Portrait"". The video shows Seals singing the song

God Must Be a Cowboy ""God Must Be a Cowboy"" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dan Seals. It was released in January 1984 as the fourth and final single from his album ""Rebel Heart"". It was also his first top 10 hit, reaching #10. It is also the album's most successful single. The music video, directed by Neil Abramson, is one of three videos Seals filmed specially for his 1991 video compilation, ""A Portrait"". The video shows Seals singing the song in the middle of a highway in a desert and also shows footage

"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart"
(Cowgirl) included in their 2005 album Mundos opuestos. Bogguss' version peaked at #77 on the Hot Country Songs chart in 1988. I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart ""I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart"" is a country and Western song written and first recorded in 1935 by Ruby Blevins, who performed as Patsy Montana. It was the first country song by a female artist to sell more than one million copies. Montana wrote the song in 1934 when she was feeling lonely and missing her boyfriend; it was recorded a year later when producer Art Satherly, of ARC Records,

"Mad Max"
received a polarized reception upon its release in April 1979, although it won three AACTA Awards and attracted a cult following, while its critical reputation has grown since. Filmed on a budget of A$0.4 million, it earned more than US$100 million worldwide in gross revenue, and held the ""Guinness"" record for most profitable film. The success of ""Mad Max"" has been credited for further opening up the global market to Australian New Wave films. The film became the first in the ""Mad Max"" series, giving rise to three sequels, ""Mad Max 2"" (1981), ""Beyond Thunderdome"" (1985), and """" (2015). ""A

"Mad Max"
Mad Max Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller, produced by Byron Kennedy, and starring Mel Gibson as ""Mad"" Max Rockatansky, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Steve Bisley, Tim Burns, and Roger Ward. James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and revenge set in a future Australia, in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang. Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks. The film initially

"Mad Max"
A classmate of both, Judy Davis, was said to have auditioned and passed over, but Miller has declared she was only in Matthews' studio to accompany Gibson and Bisley. Most of the biker gang extras were members of actual Australian outlaw motorcycle clubs and rode their own motorcycles in the film. They were even forced to ride the motorcycles from their residence in Sydney to the shooting locations in Melbourne because the budget did not allow for aerial transport. Three of the main cast members (Hugh Keays-Byrne, Roger Ward and Vincent Gil) had previously appeared in ""Stone"", a 1974 film

"Mad Max"
Bernard Herrmann–type score and hired May after hearing his work for ""Patrick"" (1978). ""With the little budget that we had we went ahead and did it, and spent a lot of time on it,"" said May. ""George was marvelous to work with; he had a lot of ideas about what he wanted although he wasn’t a musician."" A soundtrack album was released in 1980 by Varèse Sarabande. ""Mad Max"" was first released in Australia through Roadshow Film Distributors (now Village Roadshow Pictures) in 1979. The movie was sold overseas for $1.8 million, with American International Pictures releasing in the United

"Mad Max (franchise)"
notably apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, and encompasses works in additional media, including video games and comic books. In 2016, ""Fury Road"" became the first film of the ""Mad Max"" franchise to receive Academy Award recognition, including being nominated for Best Picture and Best Director for Miller, and winning six of its ten nominations. ""Mad Max"" is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller. Written by Miller and James McCausland from a story by Miller and producer Byron Kennedy, it tells a story of societal breakdown, murder, and revenge. The film, starring the then little-known Mel Gibson, was

"Mad Max"
in a bike accident. Production was halted, and Bailey was replaced by Joanne Samuel, causing a two-week delay. In the end, the shoot took six weeks over November and December 1977, with a further six-week second unit. The unit reconvened two months later, in May 1978, and spent another two weeks doing second unit shots and re-staging some stunts. Miller described the whole experience as ""guerrilla filmmaking"", where the crew would close roads without filming permits, not use walkie-talkies because their frequency coincided with the police radio, and after filming was done Miller and Kennedy would even sweep down the

Mad Max (franchise) Mad Max is an Australian dystopian action media franchise created by George Miller and Byron Kennedy. It began in 1979 with ""Mad Max"", and was followed by three films: ""Mad Max 2"" (1981), ""Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome"" (1985) and """" (2015). Mel Gibson starred in the first three films and Tom Hardy took over as Max in the fourth film. The series follows the adventures of Max Rockatansky, a police officer in a future Australia which is experiencing societal collapse due to war and critical resource shortages. When his wife and child are murdered by a vicious

released internationally in 1980. It became a top-grossing Australian film, while holding the record in the ""Guinness Book of Records"" for decades as the most profitable film ever created, and has been credited for further opening the global market to Australian New Wave films. ""Mad Max 2"" (also known as ""The Road Warrior"") is a 1981 Australian post-apocalyptic dystopian action film directed by George Miller. This sequel to Miller's ""Mad Max"" was a worldwide box office success that further launched the career of Mel Gibson. The film's tale of a community of settlers moved to defend themselves against a roving

"Mad Max"
States and Warner Bros. handling the rest of the world. The film was banned in New Zealand and Sweden, in the former because of the scene where Goose is burned alive inside his vehicle: it unintentionally mirrored an incident with a real gang shortly before the film's release. It was later shown in New Zealand in 1983 after the success of the sequel, with an 18 certificate. The ban in Sweden was removed in 2005, and it has since been shown on television and sold on home media there. When shown in the United States during 1980, the original Australian

"Max (2015 film)"
statue of a war dog created by sculptor Susan Bahary. In May 2014, ""Variety"" reported that Boaz Yakin would direct the family film titled ""Max"" for Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Principal photography began on May 12, 2014. The film was scheduled for release in the United States on January 30, 2015. Then it was pushed back to August 21, 2015, and on March 3, 2015, it was moved two months forward to June 26, 2015. In the United States and Canada, ""Max"" opened simultaneously with the comedy ""Ted 2"" across 2,850 theaters and was projected to earn around $10 million

"Roman Empire"
the right to declare war, ratify treaties, and negotiate with foreign leaders. While these functions were clearly defined during the Principate, the emperor's powers over time became less constitutional and more monarchical, culminating in the Dominate. The emperor was the ultimate authority in policy- and decision-making, but in the early Principate he was expected to be accessible to individuals from all walks of life, and to deal personally with official business and petitions. A bureaucracy formed around him only gradually. The Julio-Claudian emperors relied on an informal body of advisors that included not only senators and equestrians, but trusted slaves

"Roman emperor"
(such as Tiberius) are known to have delegated this task to the Senate. In modern terms these early emperors would tend to be identified as chiefs of state. The office of ""princeps senatus"", however, was not a magistracy and did not entail ""imperium"". At some points in the Empire's history, the emperor's power was nominal; powerful praetorian prefects, masters of the soldiers and on a few occasions, other members of the Imperial household including Imperial mothers and grandmothers were the true source of power. The title ""imperator"" dates back to the Roman Republic, when a victorious commander could be hailed

but only with Vespasian did ""imperator"" (emperor) become the official title by which the ruler of the Roman Empire was known. The word ""princeps"" (plural ""principes""), meaning ""first"", was a republican term used to denote the leading citizen(s) of the state. It was a purely honorific title with no attached duties or powers. It was the title most preferred by Caesar Augustus as its use implies only primacy, as opposed to another of his titles, ""imperator"", which implies dominance. ""Princeps"", because of its republican connotation, was most commonly used to refer to the emperor in Latin (although the emperor's actual

dominate (from the Latin for ""lord"".) Reaching back to the oldest traditions of job-sharing in the republic, however, Diocletian established at the top of this new structure the Tetrarchy (""rule of four"") in an attempt to provide for smoother succession and greater continuity of government. Under the Tetrarchy, Diocletian set in place a system of co-emperors, styled ""Augustus"", and junior emperors, styled ""Caesar"". When a co-emperor retired (as Diocletian and his co-emperor Maximian did in 305) or died, a junior ""Caesar"" would succeed him and the co-emperors would appoint new Caesars as needed. The four members of the Imperial college

Praetor
by one. A dictator was called the ""praetor maximus"". The use of the adjectives (""praetorius, praetoricius, praetorianus"") in a large number of circumstances testify to a general sense. The leadership functions of any corporate body at Rome might be termed praetorial. The ""praetoria potestas"" in Republican Rome was at first held by the consuls. These two officials, elected on an annual basis, inherited the power formerly held by the kings of Rome. Very likely, the king himself was the first praetor. The best explanation available is that of Cicero in ""De legibus"", in which he proposes ideal laws based on

and constitutional theory. Diocletian, a traditionalist and religious conservative, attempted to secure efficient, stable government and a peaceful succession with the establishment of the Tetrarchy. The empire was divided into East and West, each ruled by an Augustus assisted by a Caesar as emperor-in-waiting. These divisions were further subdivided into new or reformed provinces, administered by a complex, hierarchic bureaucracy of unprecedented size and scope. Diocletian's own court was based at Nicomedia. His co-Augustus, Maximian, was based at Mediolanum (modern Milan). Their courts were peripatetic, and Imperial progressions through the provinces made much use of the impressive, theatrical adventus, or

Proconsul
Senate when his term expired. This custom allowed for continuity of command despite the high turnover of consuls. In the Roman Empire, proconsul was a title held by a civil governor and did not imply military command. In modern times, various officials with notable delegated authority have been referred to as proconsuls. Studies of leadership typically divide leaders into policymakers and subordinate administrators. The proconsul occupies a position between these two categories. Max Weber classified leadership as traditional, rational-legal (bureaucratic), and charismatic. A proconsul could be both a rule-following bureaucrat and charismatic personality. The rise of bureaucracy and rapid communication

"King of Rome"
to institute a hereditary monarchy over this conjectured earlier elective monarchy resulted in the formation of the republic. Early Rome was not self-governing, and was ruled by the king (rex). The king possessed absolute power over the people. The senate was a weak oligarchy, capable of exercising only minor administrative powers, so that Rome was ruled by its king who was in effect an absolute monarch. The senate's main function was to carry out and administer the wishes of the king. After Romulus, Rome's first legendary king, Roman kings were elected by the people of Rome, sitting as a Curiate

Emperor
political order to maintain the forms and pretenses of republican rule. Julius Caesar had been Dictator, an acknowledged and traditional office in Republican Rome. Caesar was not the first to hold it, but following his assassination the term was abhorred in Rome. Augustus, considered the first Roman emperor, established his hegemony by collecting on himself offices, titles, and honours of Republican Rome that had traditionally been distributed to different people, concentrating what had been distributed power in one man. One of these offices was ""princeps senatus"", (""first man of the Senate"") and became changed into Augustus' chief honorific, ""princeps civitatis""

"Roman dictator"
signify that the ""people"", and not the consuls, were sovereign. After several years, the fear of impending war with both the Sabines and the Latin League, combined with widespread suspicion that one or both of the consuls favoured the restoration of the monarchy, led to the call for a ""praetor maximus"", or ""dictator"" (""one who gives orders""), akin to the supreme magistrate of other Latin towns. According to most authorities, the first dictator was Titus Lartius in 501 BC, who appointed Spurius Cassius his ""magister equitum"". Although there are indications that the term ""praetor maximus"" may have been used in

"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
Tom's Cabin"". Major collections of ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" books, ephemera, and artifacts reside at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia and the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have ""helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War"". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female

Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have ""helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War"". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome

mentioned a number of the inspirations and sources for her novel in ""A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin"" (1853). This non-fiction book was intended to verify Stowe's claims about slavery. However, later research indicated that Stowe did not read many of the book's cited works until after she had published her novel. ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" first appeared as a 40-week serial in ""The National Era"", an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851, issue. It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks. Stowe expanded the story significantly, however, and it was

instantly popular, such that several protests were sent to the ""Era"" office when she missed an issue. Because of the story's popularity, the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book. While Stowe questioned if anyone would read ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" in book form, she eventually consented to the request. Convinced the book would be popular, Jewett made the unusual decision (for the time) to have six full-page illustrations by Hammatt Billings engraved for the first printing. Published in book form on March 20, 1852, the novel sold 3,000 copies on that day alone, and

The first London edition appeared in May 1852 and sold 200,000 copies. Some of this interest was because of British antipathy to America. As one prominent writer explained, ""The evil passions which ""Uncle Tom"" gratified in England were not hatred or vengeance [of slavery], but national jealousy and national vanity. We have long been smarting under the conceit of America—we are tired of hearing her boast that she is the freest and the most enlightened country that the world has ever seen. Our clergy hate her voluntary system—our Tories hate her democrats—our Whigs hate her parvenus—our Radicals hate her litigiousness,

something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings. ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States; one million copies in Great Britain. In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called ""the most popular novel of our day."" The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when

include the affectionate, dark-skinned ""mammy""; the ""pickaninny"" stereotype of black children; and the ""Uncle Tom"", or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a ""vital antislavery tool."" Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, wrote the novel as a response to the passage, in 1850, of the second Fugitive Slave Act. Much of the book was composed in Brunswick, Maine, where her husband, Calvin Ellis Stowe, taught at his

was not until Ticknor and Fields put the work back in print in November 1862 that demand began again to increase. The book was translated into all major languages, and in the United States it became the second best-selling book after the Bible. A number of the early editions carried an introduction by Rev James Sherman, a Congregational minister in London noted for his abolitionist views. ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" sold equally well in Britain, with the first London edition appearing in May 1852 and selling 200,000 copies. In a few years over 1.5 million copies of the book were in

"""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home"
""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home is an 1852 novel by Robert Criswell, combining elements of Anti-Tom literature and romantic fiction. The novel is one of several written in response to ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which had been criticised by writers from both North and South for its allegedly exaggerated and/or inaccurate depiction of slavery. However, despite being written initially as a response to Stowe, Criswell's novel is a romance novel depicting love between a northern woman and a southern plantation owner. Slavery

soon sold out its complete print run. A number of other editions were soon printed (including a deluxe edition in 1853, featuring 117 illustrations by Billings). In the first year of publication, 300,000 copies of ""Uncle Tom's Cabin"" were sold. At that point, however, ""demand came to an unexpected halt... No more copies were produced for many years, and if, as is claimed, Abraham Lincoln greeted Stowe in 1862 as 'the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war,' the work had effectively been out of print for many years."" Jewett went out of business, and it

"Roberts (surname)"
Roberts (surname) Roberts is a British surname of patronymic origin or reflecting servile status, deriving from the given name Robert, meaning ""bright renown"" – from the Germanic elements ""hrod"" meaning renown and ""beraht"" meaning bright. Roberts may mean either ""servant of Robert"" or ""son of Robert""; the latter is more common in Wales, while the former is more common in England. Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was mainly introduced into Britain by the Normans. Today the surname Roberts is common in England, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of

Man, with the biggest concentration by far occurring in North Wales. The name is also common in Scotland. Roberts (surname) Roberts is a British surname of patronymic origin or reflecting servile status, deriving from the given name Robert, meaning ""bright renown"" – from the Germanic elements ""hrod"" meaning renown and ""beraht"" meaning bright. Roberts may mean either ""servant of Robert"" or ""son of Robert""; the latter is more common in Wales, while the former is more common in England. Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was mainly introduced into

Baragwanath
Baragwanath Baragwanath is a Cornish language surname originating in west Cornwall in the UK. As a result of emigration members of the Baragwanath family can now be found in South Africa, the UK, Australia, the US, and New Zealand. In Johannesburg, Gauteng, there is a hospital whose name is derived from a local storekeeper, John Albert Baragwanath: the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto. This hospital has over 3,000 beds. Variants of the name are Baragwaneth, Baragwnath and Baragwanoth; the meaning of ""bara gwaneth"" is wheaten bread (though Charnock prefers ""bar gwaneth"", the top of the wheat field). It is

"Ronald Roberts (basketball)"
December 16, 2017, Roberts made his Israeli League debut in a 88–86 win over Hapoel Holon, recording 14 points, 15 rebounds and four blocks. Roberts helped Jerusalem to reach the 2018 Israeli League Final Four, where they eventually lost to Hapoel Holon. In 32 games played during the 2017–18 season (both in the EuroCup and the Israeli League), Roberts averaged 10.4 points and 7 rebounds per game. Roberts' parents met in Portugal while both were playing professionally. Ronald Sr., who played at Oklahoma, quit after 10 years as a pro in Spain, Portugal, Brazil and the Dominican Republic to move

"Rogers (surname)"
Rogers (surname) Rogers is a patronymic surname of English origin, deriving from the given name of Roger commonly used by the Normans and meaning ""son of Roger"". Variants include Rodgers. Most genealogists believe that the name Roger is derived from the pre-7th century Anglo-Saxon (Teutonic) name Hrothgar, which means 'fame and spear' (""hroð"" fame or renown, ""gari"" spear), the first reference to which is in Beowulf, the epic poem of the Dark Ages. The surname was likely first introduced into England during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. The given name was likely first introduced to England after the Norman Conquest

"Evans (surname)"
a cognate of John too. In the Welsh language the patronymic ""ab Evan"" resulted in the anglicized surname ""Bevan"", which is also common in Wales. Evans (surname) Evans is a surname of Welsh, and possibly Cornish, origin. Within Wales it is the fifth most common surname and is the tenth most common in England. Within the United States, it is ranked as the 48th-most common surname. Evans is of Welsh origin. In its anglicised form the name means ""son of Evan"". Regarding its Welsh roots, it is a derivative of the name Ifan, a cognate of John. In the Welsh

"Roberts baronets"
Roberts baronets There have been nine baronetcies created for persons with the surname Roberts, three in the Baronetage of England and six in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2014 four of the creations are extant. The Roberts Baronetcy, of Glassenbury in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 July 1620 for Thomas Roberts. The fourth Baronet represented Kent and Maidstone in the House of Commons. The title is said to have become extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet, who left an only daughter, in 1745 (however, see the Roberts

Evans (surname) Evans is a surname of Welsh, and possibly Cornish, origin. Within Wales it is the fifth most common surname and is the tenth most common in England. Within the United States, it is ranked as the 48th-most common surname. Evans is of Welsh origin. In its anglicised form the name means ""son of Evan"". Regarding its Welsh roots, it is a derivative of the name Ifan, a cognate of John. In the Welsh language, the ""f"" produces the ""v"" sound; ""Ifan"" (""Ivan"") became ""Evan"". The similarity to the Slavic name Ivan is not accidental, as the latter is

"Crane (surname)"
Crane (surname) Crane is a surname. The name is a derivative from ""Cron"" in Old English or is the English translation of the German ""Krahn"" or ""Kranich."" According to The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain & Ireland, ""Cron,"" ""Krahn"" and ""Kranich"" all mean ""crown"" in both Old English and German respectively. According to the same source, ""Crone"" is also compared with ""Crane"", ""Crown"", ""Cron"" and ""Crowne"". In some places in Britain, ""Crane"", when used as a name, can also be a reference to a tall, slender man, similar to the bird, ""Crane"" or to someone with long legs.

"World Quality Day"
World Quality Day World Quality Day is celebrated every year around the world in November. The day was designed to increase worldwide awareness of the important contribution that quality makes towards both organisational and national growth, and prosperity. World Quality Day takes place every year on the second Thursday of November. Businesses across the world take part in a variety of activities such as business-wide seminars, presentations, quizzes and competitions at their workplace. Events are usually organised by quality professionals based within organisations and are designed to spread the ‘importance of quality’ message to non-quality professionals. According to the Chartered

"World Environment Day"
World Environment Day World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated on the 5th of June every year, and is the United Nation's principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of our environment. First held in 1974, it has been a flagship campaign for raising awareness on emerging environmental issues from marine pollution, human overpopulation, and global warming, to sustainable consumption and wildlife crime. WED has grown to become a global platform for public outreach, with participation from over 143 countries annually. Each year, WED has a new theme that major corporations, NGOs, communities, governments and celebrities worldwide adopt

"Consumers International"
those rights are respected and protected, and protesting about the market abuses and social injustices which undermine them. World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15 March every year. The theme for 2018 is Fairer Digital Marketplaces. Consumers International is calling for: 1. Access to fair and secure internet as half of the world is still offline. 2. Action against scams and fraud. 3. Better general consumer protection online. Consumers International seek to achieve changes in government policy and corporate behaviour, whilst raising awareness of consumer rights and responsibilities. Its campaigns often fall under the themes of consumer justice and

interest in EU and US policy making – at its office in London. On 15 March 1962 former US President John F. Kennedy said: Consumer rights activist Anwar Fazal working for Consumers International at the time, later proposed the observance of a 'World Consumer Rights Day' marking that date, and on 15 March 1983 consumer organisations started observing that date as an occasion to promote basic rights of consumers. World Consumer Rights Day is an annual occasion for celebration and solidarity within the international consumer movement. Participants observe the day by promoting the basic rights of all consumers, demanding that

Here is a timeline of key accomplishments in WEDs’ history: The theme for 2018 is ""Beat Plastic Pollution"". The host nation is India. By choosing this Theme, it is aimed that people may strive to change their everyday lives to reduce the heavy burden of plastic pollution. People should be free from the over-reliance on single-use or disposables, as they have severe environmental consequences. We should liberate our natural places, our wildlife - and our own health from plastics. Indian government pledged to eliminate all single use of plastic in India by 2022. The theme for 2017 was 'Connecting People

"Global Handwashing Day"
Global Handwashing Day Global Handwashing Day (GHD) is a campaign to motivate and mobilize people around the world to improve their handwashing habits. Washing hands at critical points during the day and washing with soap are both important. Global Handwashing Day occurs on 15 October of each year. The global campaign is dedicated to raising awareness of handwashing with soap as a key factor in disease prevention. Respiratory and intestinal diseases can be reduced by 25-50%. The Global Handwashing Partnership (GHP) (formerly called ""Public Private Partnership for Handwashing"" (PPPHW)) established Global Handwashing Day in 2008 as a way to promote

"World Food Day"
World Food Day World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on 16 October in honor of the date of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945. The day is celebrated widely by many other organizations concerned with food security, including the World Food Programme and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. The World Food Day theme for 2014 was Family Farming: ""Feeding the world, caring for the earth""; in 2015 it was ""Social Protection and Agriculture: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty""; in 2016 it is Climate Change: ""Climate is

"World Intellectual Property Day"
World Intellectual Property Day World Intellectual Property Day is observed annually on 26 April. The event was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000 to ""raise awareness of how patents, copyright, trademarks and designs impact on daily life"" and ""to celebrate creativity, and the contribution made by creators and innovators to the development of societies across the globe"". 26 April was chosen as the date for World Intellectual Property Day because it coincides with the date on which the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization entered into force in 1970. Following a statement made at the

the event: Observances in opposition of prevalent IP laws: World Intellectual Property Day World Intellectual Property Day is observed annually on 26 April. The event was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000 to ""raise awareness of how patents, copyright, trademarks and designs impact on daily life"" and ""to celebrate creativity, and the contribution made by creators and innovators to the development of societies across the globe"". 26 April was chosen as the date for World Intellectual Property Day because it coincides with the date on which the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization entered into

"World Day of the Poor"
World Day of the Poor The World Day of the Poor is a Roman Catholic observance, celebrated on the 33rd Sunday of Ordinary Time since 2017. It was established by Pope Francis in his Apostolic Letter, ""Misericordia et Misera"", issued on 20 November 2016 to celebrate the end of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. The World Day of the Poor was first observed on 19 November 2017, with the theme, ""Let us love, not with words but with deeds"". In his message for that first World Day of the Poor, Pope Francis said that ""the ""Our Father"" is the prayer

"Royal Society for the Protection of Birds"
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland. It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom. The RSPB has over 1,300 employees, 18,000 volunteers and more than a million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it the largest wildlife conservation charity in Europe. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 200 nature reserves.

by the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) on behalf of a partnership of the BTO, the RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, the Scottish Ornithologists' Club and the Welsh Ornithological Society (). The RSPB is funded primarily by its members; in 2006, over 50% of the society's £88 million income came from subscriptions, donations and legacies, worth a total of £53.669 million. As a registered charity, the organisation is entitled to gift aid worth an extra £0.28 on every £1.00 donated by income tax payers. It also receives contractual payments from clean energy utilities and financiers of renewable energy solutions, when its members

At the time that the Society was founded in Britain, similar societies were also founded in other European countries. In 1961, the society acquired The Lodge in Sandy, Bedfordshire as its new headquarters. The RSPB's logo depicts an Avocet. The first version was designed by Robert Gillmor. Today, the RSPB works with both the civil service and the Government to advise Government policies on conservation and environmentalism. It is one of several organisations that determine the official conservation status list for all birds found in the UK. The RSPB does not run bird hospitals nor offer animal rescue services. The

RSPB maintains over 200 reserves throughout the United Kingdom, covering a wide range of habitats, from estuaries and mudflats to forests and urban habitats. The reserves often have bird hides provided for birdwatchers and many provide visitor centres, which include information about the wildlife that can be seen there. The RSPB confers awards, including the President's Award, for volunteers who make a notable contribution to the work of the society. According to the RSPB: The RSPB Medal is the Society's most prestigious award. It is presented to an individual in recognition of wild bird protection and countryside conservation. It is

The origins of the RSPB lie with two groups of women, both formed in 1889. The Plumage League was founded by Emily Williamson at her house in Didsbury, Manchester, (now in Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden), as a protest group campaigning against the use of great crested grebe and kittiwake skins and feathers in fur clothing. The Fur, Fin and Feather Folk was founded in Croydon by Eliza Phillips, Etta Lemon, Catherine Hall and others. The groups gained in popularity and amalgamated in 1891 to form the Society for the Protection of Birds in London. The Society gained its Royal Charter

the ""world's biggest wildlife survey"" and helps that society to get a better knowledge on bird population trends in Britain. That activity was launched in 1979 as an activity for kids, although from 2001 is a survey open to adults too. In 2011 over 600,000 people took part, being only 37% RSPB's members. The usual date for this birdwatching collective activity is the January's last weekend. From the start of this annual survey records for sparrows show a decline of 60%, while starling population's decline is about 80% from 1979 to 2012. BirdTrack is an online citizen science website, operated

in 1904. The original members of the RSPB were all women who campaigned against the fashion of the time for women to wear exotic feathers in hats, and the consequent encouragement of ""plume hunting"". To this end the Society had two simple rules: At the time of founding, the trade in plumage for use in hats was very large: in the first quarter of 1884, almost 7,000 bird-of-paradise skins were being imported to Britain, along with 400,000 birds from West India and Brazil, and 360,000 birds from East India. The Society attracted support from some women of high social standing

get it to clarify its web statement. The RSPB complied, with the clarification that 90% of its net income (after expenses, not gross income as received) was spent on conservation, and that conservation activities were diverse, not limited to spending on its own nature reserves. This was accepted by the Charity Commission. Over time, the organisation's chief officers have been given different titles. The RSPB is a member of Wildlife and Countryside Link. The RSPB is the UK Partner of BirdLife International and manages the South Atlantic Invasive Species Project on behalf of the partner governments. Notes Bibliography Royal Society

eight. The final edition, vol. 31 no. 12, was published in late 1965. ""Bird Notes""' successor ""Birds"" () replaced it immediately, with volume 1, number 1 being the January–February 1966 edition. Issues were published quarterly, numbered so that a new volume started every other year. The Autumn 2013 edition, dated August–October 2013, being vol. 25 no. 7, was the last. In Winter 2013 ""Birds"" was replaced by a new magazine, ""Nature's Home"". The editor was Mark Ward. The magazine had an ABC-certified circulation of 600,885. The RSPB has two separate groups for children and teenagers: Wildlife Explorers (founded in 1943

usually awarded annually to one or occasionally two people. The RSPB has published a members-only magazine for over a century. ""Bird Notes and News"" () was first published in April 1903. The title changed to ""Bird Notes"" in 1947. In the 1950s, there were four copies per year (one for each season, published on the 1st of each third month, March, June, September and December). Each volume covered two years, spread over three calendar years. For example, volume XXV (25), number one was dated Winter 1951, and number eight in the same volume was dated Autumn 1953. From the mid-1950s,

"Wingz (company)"
2014, Wingz has served airports and cities throughout the U.S. Currently, Wingz operates at the following airports: Austin Dallas Houston Los Angeles Miami Orlando Phoenix Portland Sacramento San Antonio San Diego Seattle SF Bay Area Tampa Wingz (company) Wingz (originally known as Tickengo) is a peer-to-peer transportation network company that provides private, scheduled, and fixed-price rides in 30 major cities across the United States. The service used to be specifically focused on rides to and from airports but has recently expanded into a personal car service intended for rides anywhere within participating cities. Wingz offers the ability to request specific

"Wing (military aviation unit)"
three basic types of wings: operational, air base, and specialized mission. According to Air Force Instruction 38-101 (1994): In the Civil Air Patrol, there are 52 wings (each of the 50 states plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico). Each wing supervises the individual groups and squadrons in that state, district or commonwealth, which are the basic operational units of the organization. Some wings, for example Delaware Wing, have only one group due to the small geographical and manpower size of the wing. The United States Navy follows the British structure in that a Wing is an administrative formation commanding two

"US Airways"
Airbus A321 under registration N578UW, has been left unpainted in the US Airways livery, as one of American's heritage aircraft. The only difference is that the actual US Airways logo near the front of the fuselage has been replaced with the American Airlines logo; however, the rest of the aircraft remains identical to US Airways livery. US Airways operated 3,031 flights a day to 193 destinations in 24 countries from its hubs in Phoenix, Charlotte, and Philadelphia. US Airways' routes were concentrated along the East Coast of the United States, Southwestern United States and the Caribbean, with a number of

"Air Traffic Organization"
while maximizing the overall use of the NAS. Decisions are carried out in cooperation with airline personnel, traffic management specialists and controllers at affected facilities. Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) The airspace over the U.S. is divided into 21 large areas (20 are in the contiguous U.S. plus Alaska). These centers are designated with a three-letter identifier starting with the letter Z, such as ZSE and ZDC for Seattle and Washington. Center controllers monitor aircraft in the en route phase of its flight. They receive traffic from TRACONs and hand off traffic to TRACONs Terminal Radar Approach Control Facilities

"Southern California TRACON"
Southern California TRACON The Southern California Terminal Radar Approach Control (SoCal TRACON or SCT) (radio callsign: SoCal Approach/Departure) is located in San Diego, California. SCT is a part of the Air Traffic Organization of the US Federal Aviation Administration. SCT sequences and separates air traffic in the Southern California region. It is the busiest air traffic control facility in the world. SCT serves the following major Southern California airports (in order of volume, Class B & C), in addition to many surrounding satellite airports. SCT is broken down into six areas and a Traffic Management Unit: Each area has five

"Terminals of Los Angeles International Airport"
with up to thirteen daily flights spread among nine operators (as of November 2018): Emirates (Dubai International Airport), China Southern Airlines (Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport), British Airways (Heathrow Airport), Qantas (Sydney Airport and Melbourne Airport), Korean Air and Asiana Airlines (Incheon International Airport), Air France (Charles de Gaulle Airport), and Lufthansa (Munich Airport(Summer)/Frankfurt Airport(Winter)). The Regional Terminal has nine gates: Gates 52A–52J, and is used exclusively for American Eagle flights, which is why it has come to be known by the nickname “the Eagle’s nest.” The terminal is located on the south side of the airport, east of terminal 8

"Los Angeles International Airport"
nine passenger terminals with a total of 128 gates arranged in the shape of the letter U or a horseshoe. The terminals are served by a shuttle bus. The Tom Bradley International Terminal and Terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are all connected airside via an overground passage between Terminal 4 and the Tom Bradley International Terminal, an underground tunnel between Terminals 4, 5, and 6 and above-ground walkways between Terminals 6, 7, and 8. Additional airside shuttle buses operate among Terminals 4, 6, and the American Eagle remote terminal, as well as between Terminals 2, 3, and the

"Area control center"
of the countries in which they are located. The general operations of centers worldwide, and the boundaries of the airspace each center controls, are governed by the ICAO. In some cases, the function of an Area Control Center and a terminal control center are combined in a single facility. For example, NATS combines the London Terminal Control Centre (LTCC) and London Area Control Centre (LACC) in Swanwick in the UK. The United States Federal Aviation Administration defines an ARTCC as: An ARTCC is the U.S. equivalent of an Area Control Centre (ACC). There are twenty-two ARTCCs, located in nineteen states.

"747 Wing House"
of fuselage and the wings to a manageable size for transport. A truck carried the parts, measuring , successfully without damage. Seven California Highway Patrol vehicles escorted the truck during the night and closed multiple lanes of three major freeways, State Routes 2 and 15, and US Route 101, to accommodate the vehicle. The wings traveled from the Southern California Logistics Airport aircraft boneyard to Camarillo Airport in Oxnard, California, located 10 miles from the site. At that point, because each wing weighed approximately and the only way to transport such heavy, unwieldy sections to a remote destination was from

"Flight Standards District Office"
Flight Standards District Office A Flight Standards District Office, or FSDO for short (pronounced: fIz-dƏƱ), is a locally affiliated field office of the United States Federal Aviation Administration. There are 78 such offices nationwide as of November 2015 physically located in every state except four: Delaware, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. (Delaware served by Philadelphia)(Rhode Island served by Boston)(Vermont/New Hampshire served by Portland, ME). The Flight Standards District Offices serve as local representatives of the United States Federal Aviation Administration. Each office reports to one of nine Regional FAA offices and perform a variety of compliance and enforcement actions.

Pineapple
Pineapple The pineapple (""Ananas comosus"") is a tropical plant with an edible multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries, also called pineapples, and the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. Pineapples may be cultivated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, possibly flowering in five to ten months and fruiting in the following six months. Pineapples do not ripen significantly after harvest. In 2016, Costa Rica, Brazil, and the Philippines accounted for nearly one-third of the world's production of pineapples. The word ""pineapple"" in English was first recorded to describe the reproductive organs of conifer trees

Pineapple
thus making the pineapple the first bromeliad to be introduced by humans outside of the New World. The Spanish introduced it into the Philippines, Hawaii (introduced in the early 19th century, first commercial plantation 1886), Zimbabwe, and Guam. The fruit is said to have been first introduced in Hawaii when a Spanish ship brought it there in the 1500s. The Portuguese took the fruit from Brazil and introduced it into India by 1550. The pineapple was brought to northern Europe by the Dutch from their colony in Surinam. The first pineapple to be successfully cultivated in Europe, is said to

Pineapple
pineapples in a volume of about 0.1 percent of the world's production. The 'Red Spanish' cultivar of pineapples were also traditionally widely cultivated in the Philippines for the textile industry from at least the 17th century. They were originally brought to the islands from Latin America during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. 'Smooth Cayenne' was later introduced in the early 1900s by the Bureau of Agriculture during the American colonial period. Dole and Del Monte also established plantations in the island of Mindanao in the 1920s; in the provinces of Cotabato and Bukidnon, respectively. The Philippines remain one

Pineapple
experienced when eating it, due to the enzymes breaking down the proteins of sensitive tissues in the mouth. Also, raphides, needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate that occur in pineapple fruits and leaves, likely cause microabrasions, contributing to mouth discomfort. In 2016, world production of pineapples was 25.8 million tonnes, led by Costa Rica, Brazil, and the Philippines, which collectively accounted for 32% of the global total (table). In commercial farming, flowering can be induced artificially, and the early harvesting of the main fruit can encourage the development of a second crop of smaller fruits. Once removed during cleaning, the top

Pineapple
of the top exporters of pineapples in the world. The Del Monte plantations are now locally managed, after Del Monte Pacific Ltd., a Filipino company, completed the purchase of Del Monte Foods in 2014. The flesh and juice of the pineapple are used in cuisines around the world. In many tropical countries, pineapple is prepared and sold on roadsides as a snack. It is sold whole or in halves with a stick inserted. Whole, cored slices with a cherry in the middle are a common garnish on hams in the West. Chunks of pineapple are used in desserts such as

Pineapple
in Costa Rica—60% of whom are Nicaraguan—are paid low wages. European supermarkets' price-reduction policies have lowered growers' incomes. One major pineapple producer contests these claims. Many cultivars are known. The leaves of the commonly grown ""smooth cayenne"" are smooth, and it is the most commonly grown worldwide. Many cultivars have become distributed from its origins in Paraguay and the southern part of Brazil, and later improved stocks were introduced into the Americas, the Azores, Africa, India, Malaysia and Australia. Varieties include: Pineapple fruits and peels contain diverse phytochemicals, among which are polyphenols, including gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid,

Pineapple
area between southern Brazil and Paraguay; however, little is known about the origin of the domesticated pineapple (Pickersgill, 1976). MS Bertoni (1919) considered the Paraná–Paraguay River drainages to be the place of origin of ""A. comosus"". The natives of southern Brazil and Paraguay spread the pineapple throughout South America, and it eventually reached the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico, where it was cultivated by the Mayas and the Aztecs. Columbus encountered the pineapple in 1493 on the leeward island of Guadeloupe. He called it ""piña de Indes"", meaning ""pine of the Indians"", and brought it back with him to Spain,

Pineapple
(now termed pine cones). When European explorers encountered this tropical fruit in the Americas, they called them ""pineapples"" (first referenced in 1664, for resemblance to pine cones). In the scientific binomial ""Ananas comosus"", ""ananas"", the original name of the fruit, comes from the Tupi word ""nanas"", meaning ""excellent fruit"", as recorded by André Thevet in 1555, and ""comosus"", ""tufted"", refers to the stem of the fruit. Other members of the genus ""Ananas"" are often called pine, as well, in other languages. The pineapple is a herbaceous perennial, which grows to tall, although sometimes it can be taller. In appearance, the

Pineapple
number. The pineapple carries out CAM photosynthesis, fixing carbon dioxide at night and storing it as the acid malate, then releasing it during the day aiding photosynthesis. In the wild, pineapples are pollinated primarily by hummingbirds. Certain wild pineapples are foraged and pollinated at night by bats. Under cultivation, because seed development diminishes fruit quality, pollination is performed by hand, and seeds are retained only for breeding. Specifically in Hawaii, where pineapples were cultivated and canned industrially throughout the 20th century, importation of hummingbirds was prohibited. The plant is indigenous to South America and is said to originate from the

Pineapple
extent that the pineapple is sometimes used as a symbol of Hawaii, despite the decline of the pineapple industry in that state. Foods with pineapple in them are sometimes known as ""Hawaiian"" for this reason alone. Pineapple The pineapple (""Ananas comosus"") is a tropical plant with an edible multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries, also called pineapples, and the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. Pineapples may be cultivated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, possibly flowering in five to ten months and fruiting in the following six months. Pineapples do not ripen significantly

"Auburn hair"
Auburn hair Auburn hair is a variety of red hair, most commonly described as reddish-brown in color or dark ginger. Auburn hair ranges in shades from medium to dark. It can be found with a wide array of skin tones and eye colors, but as is the case with most red hair, it is commonly associated with light skin features. The chemical pigments that cause the coloration of auburn hair are frequently pheomelanin with high levels of eumelanin; however, the auburn hair is due to a mutated melanocortin 1 receptor gene in the people of Northwestern European descent and by

"Red hair"
Vitamin D can be produced under low light conditions. However, when UV-radiation is strong (as in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of skin cancer. The MC1R recessive variant gene that gives people red hair generally results in skin that is unable to tan. Because of the natural tanning reaction to the sun's ultraviolet light and high amounts of pheomelanin in the skin, freckles are a common but not all-inclusive feature of red-haired people. Eighty percent of redheads have an MC1R gene variant. Red hair can

"Brown hair"
Brown hair Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair. It varies from light brown to almost black hair. It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin. Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair. People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of ""brunet,"" the diminutive of ""brun"" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired). Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among

"Red hair"
bullies; ""Somebody with ginger hair will stand out from the crowd,"" says anti-bullying expert Louise Burfitt-Dons. In Australian slang, redheads are often nicknamed ""Blue"" or ""Bluey"". More recently, they have been referred to as ""rangas"" (a word derived from the red-haired ape, the orangutan), sometimes with derogatory connotations. The word ""rufus"" has been used in both Australian and British slang to refer to red-headed people; based on a variant of rufous, a reddish-brown color. In November 2008 social networking website Facebook received criticism after a 'Kick a Ginger' group, which aimed to establish a ""National Kick a Ginger Day"" on

women. The rivalry may take the form of competitive sports or as part of a love triangle in which a blonde and a brunette woman compete for the affections of a man. Brown hair Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair. It varies from light brown to almost black hair. It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin. Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair. People with brown hair are often referred

"Eye color"
low or moderate concentration of melanin) with: 2) a blue shade created by the Rayleigh scattering of reflected light. Green eyes contain the yellowish pigment lipochrome. Green eyes probably result from the interaction of multiple variants within the ""OCA2"" and other genes. They were present in south Siberia during the Bronze Age. They are most common in Northern, Western and Central Europe. In Ireland and Scotland 14% of people have brown eyes and 86% have either blue or green eyes, In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic

"Red hair"
possible the color is an effect caused by pigment degradation in the ancient paint. Judas Iscariot is also represented with red hair in Spanish culture and in the works of William Shakespeare, reinforcing the negative stereotype. Red hair Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of northern or western European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein. Red

"The Boy with Green Hair"
The Boy with Green Hair The Boy with Green Hair is a 1948 American fantasy-drama film in Technicolor directed by Joseph Losey. It stars Dean Stockwell as Peter, a young war orphan who is subject to ridicule after he awakens one morning to find his hair mysteriously turned green. Co-stars include Pat O'Brien, Robert Ryan, and Barbara Hale. Finding a curiously silent young runaway boy (Dean Stockwell) whose head has been completely shaved, small-town police call in a psychologist (Robert Ryan) and discover that he is a war orphan named Peter Fry. Moving in with an understanding retired actor named

"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel"
book """" was released on 26 May 2009 in the US and the fourth book was released on 25 June 2009 in the UK """" followed with its US release on 25 May 2010. The fifth book, """" was released on 24 May 2011 in America. The final book in the series,"""", was released 24 May 2012. The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is a fantasy novel and the first installment in the six part book series, ""The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas

"Necroscope II: Wamphyri"
Necroscope II: Wamphyri Necroscope II: Wamphyri! is the second book in the Necroscope series by British writer Brian Lumley. It was released in 1988. The spirit of Harry Keogh resides in his son, Harry Jr. When his infant son sleeps, Harry can roam the Continuum and speak to the dead, but is losing control as the son ""reels"" his father's spirit back in. Harry discovers that Thibor had infected a pregnant woman, which results in a lesser breed of vampire. This youth, Yulian Bodescu, retains many vampire abilities: hypnotism, increased lust, bodily transformation, regeneration, and creating thralls. Harry contacts Faethor

The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is a fantasy novel and the first installment in the six part book series, ""The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel"". It was written by Irish author Michael Scott and published in May 2007. ""The Alchemyst"" has been printed in 20 languages and is available in 37 countries. The film rights to the series have been sold to Lorenzo di Bonaventura. The ""Alchemyst"" refers to the historical character of Nicholas Flamel, a French scrivener and manuscript seller.

"The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV"
The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV: Air & Earth is the sixth studio album by American rock band Thrice. It consists of the final two volumes of ""The Alchemy Index"", a four-disc concept album that was split between two releases, the first in October 2007 and the second in April 2008. The band originally planned to release four discs at once, each disc with six tracks representing one of the four elements: ""Fire"", ""Water"", ""Earth"", and ""Air"". A blog titled The Alchemy Index chronicled the album's progress for fans. The artwork for

"Daughter of Smoke and Bone"
as ""no baby teeth"" and ""no rotting"". While on one of these missions, Karou finds a seraph named Akiva who finds something familiar in her. ""Daughter of Smoke and Bone"" received high reviews from critics such as Chelsey Philpot from ""The New York Times"", and Universal Pictures has acquired the rights for a film adaptation. ""Daughter of Smoke and Bone"" is the first in a planned trilogy. The second book, ""Days of Blood and Starlight"", was released on 6 November 2012. The third and final book, ""Dreams of Gods and Monsters"", was released on 8 April 2014. Karou, a 17-year-old

"Daughter of Smoke and Bone (trilogy)"
Daughter of Smoke and Bone (trilogy) Daughter of Smoke and Bone is a young-adult fantasy book series written by Laini Taylor and published by Hachette Book Group, an imprint of Little, Brown and Company. It is a planned trilogy, all published: ""Daughter of Smoke and Bone"" on 27 September 2011 in the United States; ""Days of Blood and Starlight"" on 6 November 2012 in the United States; and the third book ""Dreams of Gods and Monsters"" on April 1, 2014. The books have been published in a variety of different languages. Additionally, the novella ""Night of Cake and Puppets"" was

"Hannah Fielding"
Hannah Fielding Hannah Fielding is an award-winning contemporary Romance fiction writer. Her second book, ""The Echoes of Love"", won a 2014 Gold IPPY Award for Romance and the Silver Medal for Romance at the 2014 Foreword Reviews IndieFab Book Awards. Her third novel, ""Indiscretion"", was named the Gold Winner in the Fiction: Romance Category of the 2015 USA Best Book Awards. It also won Gold at the 2016 Benjamin Franklin Awards. ""Indiscretion"" is the first novel in the ""Andalucian Nights Trilogy"". The second part, ""Masquerade"", was published in 2015 as well, and the third part, ""Legacy"" was published in summer

all the dead in a nearby cemetery alive and they start to attack them, Josh hits Dee with their Hummer, distracting Dee long enough to escape with Scathach, Sophie and Nicholas Flamel by using a leygate (a teleportation device where two or more lines of energy, ley lines, cross each other) to go to Paris which is Nicholas Flamel's old home. The book ends when Dee surprises them. On 5 August 2010 in the UK, ""The Alchemyst"", was re-released featuring an alternate cover. ""The Alchemyst"" was released as part of a special edition boxed 3 book set called ""The First

"The Power of Dark"
The Power of Dark The Power of Dark is the first in a new series by children's author Robin Jarvis known as The Witching Legacy. The series returns to the coastal town of Whitby, the setting of Jarvis' popular supernatural children's fantasy trilogy, The Whitby Witches. The series will consist of four novels. ""The Power of Dark"" was first published in June 2016. The second novel, ""The Devil's Paintbox"", was published in March 2017. A third volume, ""Time of Blood"", is expected to be published later in 2017. Whitby is a coastal town in Yorkshire, which has many gothic associations,

"Sole (foot)"
Sole (foot) The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans the sole of the foot is anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The glabrous skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found elsewhere on the body, and it has a high concentration of sweat pores. The sole contains the thickest layers of skin on the body due to the weight that is continually placed on it. It is crossed by a set of creases that form during the early stages of embryonic development. Like those of the palm, the sweat pores of

are therefore unique to the individual, making it possible to use fingerprints or footprints as a means of identification. The reticular region lies deep in the papillary region and is usually much thicker. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hairs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. Tattoo ink is held in the dermis.

Hipora
to the skin. This technology meets OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (29CFR 1910.1030). Hipora Hipora is a waterproof and breathable fabric, used as insert in winter, motorcycle and cycling gloves. It is developed by the Korean company Kolon Industries. Hipora consists of a three-layer microporous silicon coating structure. Some types are impregnated with microscopic aluminum flakes to enhance heat retention characteristics. The first layer prevents water from passing through. The pores are less than .5 um in diameter. The second layer is a honeycomb structure that lets moisture in to let it expel through the first layer. The third layer is

without furrows. In bonobos, the pattern intensity of the epidermal ridges (i.e. ""fingerprints"") of the palms and soles is considerably higher than in chimpanzees. Whilst the pattern intensity in the palm is the highest of all species of apes, in the sole, the density decreases and is comparable to other apes. The sole is subject to many skin diseases. Sole (foot) The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans the sole of the foot is anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The glabrous skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found elsewhere

"Skin condition"
yellow). The diagnosis of many conditions often also requires a skin biopsy which yields histologic information that can be correlated with the clinical presentation and any laboratory data. The introduction of cutaneous ultrasound has allowed the detection of cutaneous tumors, inflammatory processes, nail disorders and hair diseases. The skin weighs an average of , covers an area of , and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the ""palmoplantar"" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin.

an objective for sensual touch, tickling or sexual stimulation. In Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and Muslim countries it is considered offensive to sit raising the leg so the uncovered sole of the foot is visible. Terrestrial animals using their soles for locomotion are called plantigrade. In chimpanzees, the soles are furrowed with creases deeper and more distinct than in their palms. In the palms, the pattern density is thickest in the central part, but in the sole, the density is thickest near the big toe whilst large part of the remaining sole is covered by thick, tight, and smooth skin almost

Skin
and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis) is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin. The main

"Chrome OS"
is part of project Crostini, a Chrome OS initiative to provide a polished UI experience to run both command line and graphical Linux applications. It was noticed in the Chromium OS source code in early 2018. Early parts of Crostini were made available for the Google Pixelbook via the dev channel in February as part of Chrome OS version 66, and it was enabled by default via the beta channel for testing on a variety of chromebooks in August with version 69. In June 2010, Google software engineer Gary Kačmarčík wrote that Chrome OS will access remote applications through a

its own web store where users and developers can upload and download these applications and extensions. Google Chrome Google Chrome (commonly known simply as Chrome) is a freeware web browser developed by Google LLC. It was first released on September 2, 2008 for Microsoft Windows, and was later ported to Linux, macOS, iOS and Android. Google Chrome is also the main component of Chrome OS, where it serves as a platform for running web apps. Google releases the majority of Chrome's source code as the Chromium open-source project; however, Chrome itself is proprietary software. One component that is not open-source

Browsing, apps or extensions, Adobe Flash (now and in future), Native Client. Development changes: remote debugging, part of the browser layer has been implemented in Java, communicating with the rest of the Chromium and WebKit code through Java Native Bindings. The code of Chrome for Android is a fork of the Chromium project. It is a priority to upstream most new and modified code to Chromium and WebKit to resolve the fork. The April 17, 2012 update, included the availability to access in 31 additional languages and in all countries where Google Play is available. A desktop version of a

own V8 JavaScript engine. Chrome is the default web browser for the iOS ""Gmail"" application, but it cannot be used as the device-wide default application for opening webpages because Apple has not provided iOS users with the option to change the default from Safari. In a review by Chitika, Chrome was noted as having 1.5% of the iOS web browser market . In October 2013, Chrome had 3% of the iOS browser market. On Linux distributions, support for 32-bit Intel processors ended in March 2016 although Chromium is still supported . As of Chrome version 26, Linux installations of the

laundering, it is unlikely that the U.S. government will reissue large denomination currency in the near future, despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 (a $100 bill is now worth less, in real terms, than a $20 bill was worth in 1969). According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website, ""The present denominations of our currency in production are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal. Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the

bills. Due to their rarity, collectors will sometimes pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world. For the most part, these bills were used by banks and the federal government for large financial transactions. This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934. However, for the most part, the introduction of an electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete. When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money

Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today."" Before they were 'retired', host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland. Ridiculously high denomination bills are sometimes used in fiction, for example the trillion dollar bill possessed by Montgomery Burns in The Simpsons. The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete

or """"bill"""" (e.g. """"two bills"""" being $200). The $50 note is occasionally called a """"yardstick"""" or a """"grant"""" (after President Ulysses S. Grant, pictured on the obverse). The $20 note is referred to as a """"double sawbuck"""", """"Jackson"""" (after Andrew Jackson), or ""double eagle"". The $10 note is referred to as a """"sawbuck"""", """"ten-spot"""" or """"Hamilton"""" (after Alexander Hamilton). The $5 note as """"Lincoln"""", """"fin"""", """"fiver"""" or """"five-spot"""". The infrequently-used $2 note is sometimes called """"deuce"""", """"Tom"""", or """"Jefferson"""" (after Thomas Jefferson). The $1 note as a """"single"""" or """"buck"""". The dollar has also been referred to as a """"bone""""

(the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills). A """"grand"""", sometimes shortened to simply """"G"""", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix """"K"""" or """"k"""" (from ""kilo-"") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as ""$10k"" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A """"large"""" or """"stack"""", it is usually a reference to a multiple of $1,000 (such as """"fifty large"""" meaning $50,000). The $100 note is nicknamed """"Benjamin"""", """"Benji"""", """"Ben"""", or """"Franklin"""" (after Benjamin Franklin), """"C-note"""" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), """"Century note""""

"United States one hundred-dollar bill"
1969, when the denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 were retired. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing says the average life of a $100 bill in circulation is 90 months (7.5 years) before it is replaced due to wear and tear. The bills are also commonly referred to as ""Bens,"" ""Benjamins,"" or ""Franklins,"" in reference to the use of Benjamin Franklin's portrait on the denomination, or as ""C-Notes,"" based on the Roman numeral for 100. The bill is one of two denominations printed today that does not feature a President of the United States; the other is the $10

how long is the bridge between new brunswick and prince edward island

"Thousand Islands Bridge"
the convenience of Canadian travelers en route to Florida. From ground-breaking ceremonies to completion, the entire Thousand Islands Bridge system took sixteen months to complete, which was ten weeks ahead of schedule. The total cost was $3,050,000. In the early years of its operation, the bridge usually had 150,000 vehicle crossings annually. Today, however, annual crossings exceed 2,000,000 vehicles. Thousand Islands Bridge The Thousand Islands International Bridge () is an international bridge system over the Saint Lawrence River connecting northern New York in the United States with southeastern Ontario in Canada. Constructed in 1937, with additions in 1959, the bridges

"Hartland Bridge"
used by horse and wagon, couples would stop half-way across to share a kiss. The first wedding on the bridge was celebrated in September 1992 between Charmaine Laffoley and Dana Hunt from Toronto. It is thought by some locals to be good luck to hold one's breath the entire way across while driving. Hartland Bridge The Hartland Bridge in Hartland, New Brunswick, is the world's longest covered bridge, at long. It crosses the Saint John River from Hartland to Somerville, New Brunswick, Canada. The framework consists of seven small Howe Truss bridges joined together on six piers. Before the bridge,

Footbridge
only to parallel the Champlain Bridge from Brossard, Quebec west to Nun's Island (L'ile Des Soeurs) & the Island of Montreal, was measured by a calibrated device as being 7,512 feet (2,292 meters) long or 1.4227 miles or 2.292km, starting and ending where the treadway rises above the ground and a pedestrian could access the bridge as close as possible to the St Lawrence River. The Walkway Over The Hudson footbridge was originally built for trains, it was recently restored as a pedestrian walkway. The footbridge has a total length of 2,063 meters (6,768 feet). Before it was demolished in

"Clair–Fort Kent Bridge"
It is expected to cost $13.9 million. The new bridge opened on July 31, 2014. Demolition of the old bridge was underway by September 29, 2014. Clair–Fort Kent Bridge The Clair–Fort Kent Bridge is a steel truss bridge crossing the Saint John River between Clair, New Brunswick in Canada and Fort Kent, Maine in the United States. The bridge handles approximately 279,490 vehicle crossings per year and forms a border crossing on the International Boundary. It connects with Route 205 in New Brunswick and Route 161 and U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Maine, also forming the northern terminus of

"New Brunswick Route 1"
Stephen Bypass, which had been partially open since 1993 as a 2-lane controlled access route to siphon traffic to the Milltown border crossing, was also upgraded and officially became part of Route 1 at this time. The bypass was completed in November 2009 with the opening of the International Avenue Bridge to Calais, Maine. It was announced on September 5, 2008 that the remaining stretch of Route 1 that connects to the United States will be twinned. The estimated cost would be $1.2 Billion (including maintenance and not accounting for inflation) with PPP Canada contributing half the cost of construction

for an amount estimated to be about $290 million. Work was completed in October 2012.The project was completed in much the same manner as the upgrade and realignment of the Trans-Canada Highway. A private consortium was chosen through a tendering process, and was responsible for the design, and construction for the sections not yet upgraded to 4-lane status. After construction was completed the company formed by the consortium will be responsible for the maintenance of the highway from the US-Canada border crossing, to the interchange with Route 2 at River Glade, 15 km west of Moncton until the year 2040.

"Queensboro Bridge"
The Queensboro Bridge is a two-level double cantilever bridge. It has two cantilever spans, one over the channel on each side of Roosevelt Island. The bridge does not have suspended spans, so the cantilever arm from each side reaches to the midpoint of the span. The lengths of its five spans and approaches are as follows: Until it was surpassed by the Quebec Bridge in 1917, the span between Manhattan and Roosevelt Island was the longest cantilever span in North America. The upper level of the bridge has four lanes of automobile traffic, consisting of two roadways with two lanes

Clair–Fort Kent Bridge The Clair–Fort Kent Bridge is a steel truss bridge crossing the Saint John River between Clair, New Brunswick in Canada and Fort Kent, Maine in the United States. The bridge handles approximately 279,490 vehicle crossings per year and forms a border crossing on the International Boundary. It connects with Route 205 in New Brunswick and Route 161 and U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Maine, also forming the northern terminus of US 1. Since it is an international bridge, the Canadian portion of the structure is the responsibility of the Province of New Brunswick, while the American

Hartland Bridge The Hartland Bridge in Hartland, New Brunswick, is the world's longest covered bridge, at long. It crosses the Saint John River from Hartland to Somerville, New Brunswick, Canada. The framework consists of seven small Howe Truss bridges joined together on six piers. Before the bridge, the only way to cross the Saint John River was by ferry. Plans and specifications of the bridge began in 1898 and the bridge was constructed in 1901 by the Hartland Bridge Company. On May 13, 1901, Dr. Estey was the first person to cross the bridge before its scheduled opening, because he

Thousand Islands Bridge The Thousand Islands International Bridge () is an international bridge system over the Saint Lawrence River connecting northern New York in the United States with southeastern Ontario in Canada. Constructed in 1937, with additions in 1959, the bridges span the Canada–US border in the middle of the Thousand Islands region. All bridges in the system carry two lanes of traffic, one in each direction, with pedestrian sidewalks. The bridge is managed by an American company. The actual international border bridge crossing is a set of two parallel long bridges between Wellesley Island in the United States and

"Potential London NFL franchise"
during an NFL game. The architect, Populous, has previously designed 14 NFL stadiums. On November 3, 2015, the NFL also announced it had reached a deal with the Rugby Football Union to host a minimum of three games in three years at Twickenham Stadium, home of the England national rugby team, beginning from the 2016 International Series. The deal is designed to be flexible, i.e. it could involve two fixtures in one year and none the next. The deal also includes an option to add two more games in the same period. The three-game commitment was fulfilled in two years.

"Football in London"
is the second largest stadium in Europe. Most clubs in London have their own stadium, although some clubs share, and some clubs may temporarily take up a tenancy at another's ground due to their own ground being redeveloped. The largest operational football stadium in London apart from Wembley is Arsenal's Emirates Stadium, with a capacity of 60,355. Other large stadiums include West Ham United's Olympic Stadium (56,977), Chelsea's Stamford Bridge (41,798). There are 10 stadiums in London with capacities over 10,000. London is the location of the headquarters of the Football Association, at Wembley Stadium (formerly Soho Square and Lancaster

"NFL International Series"
team that plays a home game in London sells a cheaper season ticket package for its own stadium with seven regular season games rather than the usual eight. Each designated home team receives US$1 million for giving up the home game. On October 11, 2011, the NFL owners approved playing NFL games in Great Britain through the year 2016. This stated that a home team could visit every year for up to five years but visitors could only visit once every five years. However, in 2015 the Detroit Lions returned to London as visitors in an apparent disregard for this

and will continue to host at least two NFL games through at least 2020; beginning in 2016, the series began expanding to more stadiums, first to Twickenham Stadium in London (2016–2017) and to Estadio Azteca in Mexico City (2016–2021) and eventually to Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in London (2019–2027), with possible future plans to expand the series to Germany and/or Canada. Prior to 2005, the NFL's primary method of promoting its game abroad was through the American Bowl, a series of preseason games played around the world, and NFL Europe, a developmental league based in Europe. The American Bowls ended in

solidify the Jaguars' presence in the city; this offer was retracted in October 2018. On July 8, 2015 it was announced that the NFL had agreed to stage a minimum of two games a season for a ten-year period at Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium in Northumberland Park, which is due to open in 2018. This was interpreted as boosting the chances of an eventual London franchise. As a result of the deal, the stadium is to be specifically designed for both American and association versions of football. It has a retractable natural grass pitch over an artificial surface to be

was announced in January 2016, this also included the former St. Louis Rams owned by Arsenal F.C.'s majority shareholder, Stan Kroenke. The fact that the Jacksonville Jaguars have a short term lease on its stadium is also often used to support media speculation that the franchise may be the one to relocate to London. This was also the case for the former St. Louis Rams and San Diego Chargers until their respective moves to Los Angeles in 2016 and 2017 (even so, although the Rams will own their stadium and are almost certain to stay in Los Angeles for the

that an expansion team within the US would generate the NFL's desired growth without a fundamental change in their funding model, such as the introduction of pay-per-view TV, which was also seen as unlikely since the league's current broadcasting contracts run to 2022. According to NFL.com, one possible way to achieve a London franchise in a way that overcomes the various issues facing a London operation, which has been considered by team owners and NFL executives, is the possibility of a shared franchise, with the team playing four home games in London and four in the US, although this was

traditionally the home of the FA Cup Final as well as England's home internationals. The old stadium was closed in 2000 in order to be demolished and completely rebuilt, and reopened in 2007; during the closure Cardiff's Millennium Stadium was the venue for cup finals, while England played at various venues around the country. Wembley was one of the venues for the 1966 FIFA World Cup and the 1996 European Football Championship, and hosted the final of both tournaments. It also was the venue for the European Cup final in 1968, 1978, 1992, 2011 and 2013. With a 90,000-capacity, it

including one game with an earlier 9:30 am ET start, which allowed for an afternoon game, rather than an evening game, in London. This timeslot proved to be successful as all London games in 2015 and 2016 were also scheduled at 9:30 am ET. Three games were again scheduled in 2015 – including the series' first division game between the New York Jets and the Miami Dolphins. On July 8, 2015, the NFL and Tottenham Hotspur F.C. announced they had reached a 10-year deal to host at least two London Games a year at the new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium from

that all of the likely stadiums for the franchise have already been built, with two of them being built in the 21st century and having sufficient modern amenities to host such a team. This eliminates the expense, currently over one billion United States dollars, of constructing a stadium for the team that meets NFL specifications. Wembley Stadium, England's national football (soccer) stadium, was rebuilt and re-opened in 2007, and was the first venue for International Series games in that same year. It was built with locker rooms which are twice the size usually found in soccer venues, which allows them

ICD-10
ICD-10 ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, became endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990, and was first used by member states in 1994. Whilst WHO manage and publish the base version of the ICD; it has been modified by several member states to better suit their needs. In the base

"ICD-10 Procedure Coding System"
is the 'section'. The second through seventh characters mean different things in each section. Each character can be any of 34 possible values the ten digits 0-9 and the 24 letters A-H, J-N and P-Z may be used in each character. The letters O and I are excluded to avoid confusion with the numbers 0 and 1. There are no decimals in ICD-10-PCS Of the 72,081 codes in ICD-10-PCS, 62,022 are in the first section, ""Medical and surgical"". For medical/surgical, these are the root operation codes: 00 alteration; 01 bypass; 02 change; 03 control; 04 creation; 05 destruction; 06 detachment;

"Code 39"
Code 39 Code 39 (also known as Alpha39, Code 3 of 9, Code 3/9, Type 39, USS Code 39, or USD-3) is a variable length, discrete barcode symbology. The Code 39 specification defines 43 characters, consisting of uppercase letters (A through Z), numeric digits (0 through 9) and a number of special characters (-, ., $, /, +, %, and space). An additional character (denoted '*') is used for both start and stop delimiters. Each character is composed of nine elements: five bars and four spaces. Three of the nine elements in each character are wide (binary value 1), and

"Code 39"
and control characters are represented by sequences of two characters of Code 39. Code 39 Code 39 (also known as Alpha39, Code 3 of 9, Code 3/9, Type 39, USS Code 39, or USD-3) is a variable length, discrete barcode symbology. The Code 39 specification defines 43 characters, consisting of uppercase letters (A through Z), numeric digits (0 through 9) and a number of special characters (-, ., $, /, +, %, and space). An additional character (denoted '*') is used for both start and stop delimiters. Each character is composed of nine elements: five bars and four spaces. Three

ICD-10
classification, the code set allows for more than 14,000 different codes, and permits the tracking of many new diagnoses compared to the preceding ICD-9. Through the use of optional sub-classifications ICD-10 allows for specificity regarding the cause, manifestation, location, severity, and type of injury or disease. The adapted versions may differ in a number of ways, and some national editions have expanded the code set even further; with some going so far as to add procedure codes. ICD-10-CM, for example, has over 70,000 codes. The WHO provides detailed information regarding the ICD via their website – including an ICD-10 online

"ICD-10 Clinical Modification"
to be used and reported at their highest number of digits available. They are composed of codes with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 digits. Three digits are used as the heading of a category of codes that may be further subdivided by the use of fourth and/or fifth digits (preceded by a decimal, i.e. A00.1 Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae 01, biovar eltor), which provides greater detail. A code is invalid if it has not been coded to the full number of characters required for that code, including the 7th character, if applicable. Some codes require the use of

"ICD-10 Chapter III: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism"
captured by code from . ICD-10 Chapter III: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries. Produced by the World Health Organization, it is used in several countries around the world. Some have gone on to develop their own national enhancements, building off the international version of the classification. Chapter III of ICD-10 deals with diseases of the blood, for example anaemia, blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism. Of note; blood cancers, such as leukaemia, are covered in

ICD-10 Chapter III: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries. Produced by the World Health Organization, it is used in several countries around the world. Some have gone on to develop their own national enhancements, building off the international version of the classification. Chapter III of ICD-10 deals with diseases of the blood, for example anaemia, blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism. Of note; blood cancers, such as leukaemia, are covered in . Also blood infections is

"Code 39"
(A–J), and Letters(+20) (K–T). For example, the letter P (being the 16th letter of the alphabet) has its bars aligned to represent the number 6, and the space in the far right position to select the group Letters(+20). When represented as a digit, the number ""10"" is used to encode the number zero. Because there are only six letters in the Letters(+30) group (letters 30–35, or U–Z), the other four positions in this group (36–39) are used to represent three symbols (dash, period, space) as well as the start/stop character. The two wide bars, out of five possible positions, encode

ICD-10 Procedure Coding System The ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is an international system of medical classification used for procedural coding. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the agency responsible for maintaining the inpatient procedure code set in the U.S., contracted with 3M Health Information Systems in 1995 to design and then develop a procedure classification system to replace Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM. ICD-9-CM contains a procedure classification; ICD-10-CM does not. ICD-10-PCS is the result. ICD-10-PCS was initially released in 1998. It has been updated annually since that time. Each code consists of seven alphanumeric characters. The first character

set in Los Angeles, California, where Irish-American Ray Donovan (Liev Schreiber), originally from South Boston, works for the powerful law firm Goldman & Drexler, representing the rich and famous. Donovan is a ""fixer"": a person who arranges bribes, payoffs, threats, and other shady activities, to ensure the outcome desired by the client. Good at his job, and no common hood, Ray is normally a devoted family man as well. He experiences his own problems when his menacing father, Mickey Donovan (Jon Voight), is unexpectedly released from prison, and the FBI attempts to bring down Ray and his associates. The first

"Dash Mihok"
Dash Mihok Dashiell Raymond Mihok (; born May 24, 1974) is an American actor best known for playing ""Bunchy"" Donovan in the Showtime drama ""Ray Donovan"". Mihok was born in New York City, the son of theater actors Andrea Mihok (née Cloak) and Raymond Thorne (né Mihok). He has two older sisters: Gwen Mihok, an actress, and Cecily Trenka, a science teacher. He is of Czech and British descent. Mihok grew up in Greenwich Village and lived in the artist community Westbeth on Bank Street. Mihok went to PS 3, a public elementary school in Manhattan, currently named the John

"Liev Schreiber"
Actor in a Play for his performance in the play ""Glengarry Glen Ross"". That year, he made his debut as a film director and writer with ""Everything Is Illuminated"" (2005), based on the novel of the same name. Schreiber has had further success in the television world, notably portraying the eponymous protagonist of the Showtime drama series ""Ray Donovan"" (2013–present); the role has earned him five Golden Globe Award nominations and three Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He also narrates the HBO series ""24/7"", as well as various PBS programs. Schreiber was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Heather

Donovan
he signed to CBS/Epic Records in the US – the first signing by the company's new vice-president Clive Davis – and became more successful internationally. He began a long and successful collaboration with leading British independent record producer Mickie Most, scoring multiple hit singles and albums in the UK, US, and other countries. His most successful singles were the early UK hits ""Catch the Wind"", ""Colours"" and ""Universal Soldier"" in 1965. In September 1966 ""Sunshine Superman"" topped America's Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week and went to number two in Britain, followed by ""Mellow Yellow"" at US No. 2

"Chuck (TV series)"
was released on September 7, 2010 on both DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Region 1 and October 25, 2010. On June 1, 2011, Warner Home Video announced that the fourth season of ""Chuck"" is to be released on both DVD and Blu-ray Disc September 6, 2011, but was then changed to October 11, 2011. In February 2012 Warner Brothers announced a complete Seasons 1-5 box set available on both Blu-ray and DVD. This is set to be released on May 8 in conjunction with the Season 5 box set. This box set will contain 19 discs (Blu-ray) or 23 discs

Donovan
set ""Ritual Groove"" was made available through his website. Prior to the release, he had described it as a multi-media album waiting for videos to be applied. Donovan had a relationship with American model Enid Karl, and they had two children – actor-musician Donovan Leitch in 1967, and actress Ione Skye in 1970. Donovan married Linda Lawrence in October 1970. They have two children together, Astrella and Oriole. Linda Lawrence was the inspiration for ""Sunshine Superman"". He is also the stepfather of Brian Jones' and Linda Lawrence's son, Julian Brian (Jones) Leitch. Jones' biographer Paul Trynka writes, ""Unsurprisingly, Julian has

"Ray J"
several delays, debuting at number forty-eight on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart, selling 18,321 copies in the first week. The album's lead single ""One Wish"" was a top 20 success in the US, UK, Ireland, and New Zealand. ""Raydiation"" eventually sold over 400,000 copies domestically. In 2005, Norwood joined the cast of UPN's ""One On One"", where he played the character D-Mack for the final season. On both shows, Ray's character was related to Brandy's (cousin/half-brother on ""Moesha"", brother on ""One on One""). In February 2007, a pornographic home video he made with former girlfriend Kim Kardashian in 2003 was made

"Peach production in China"
peaches to the U.S. during 2010 was valued at about US$55 million. The peach is indigenous to China, with its historical records traced from fossil stones in Wu County in Jiangsu province, during archaeological excavations. The two types of peaches (""Prunus persica"", a deciduous fruit) are clingstone and freestone; the history and cultivation of both types have been traced as far back as 1000 BCE in China. They are now grown worldwide. Although its botanical name ""Prunus persica"" suggests that the peach is native to Persia, peaches actually originated in China, where they have been cultivated since the early days

Peach
total (table). In 2013, 1.9 million tonnes of peaches and nectarines were exported worldwide, led by Spain's export volume with 39% (0.75 million tonnes) of the total. Italy (0.3 million tonnes), Greece and the United States also had significant export volumes of 0.1 million tonnes each. The U.S. state of Georgia is known as the ""Peach State"" due to its significant production of peaches as early as 1571, with exports to other states occurring around 1858. In 2014, Georgia was third in US peach production behind California and South Carolina. Peaches are not only a popular fruit, but are symbolic

Peach
white flesh typically are very sweet with little acidity, while yellow-fleshed peaches typically have an acidic tang coupled with sweetness, though this also varies greatly. Both colors often have some red on their skin. Low-acid white-fleshed peaches are the most popular kinds in China, Japan, and neighbouring Asian countries, while Europeans and North Americans have historically favoured the acidic, yellow-fleshed cultivars. The scientific name ""persica"", along with the word ""peach"" itself and its cognates in many European languages, derives from an early European belief that peaches were native to Persia (modern-day Iran). The Ancient Romans referred to the peach as

"Peach (fruit)"
with much overlap. The lack of skin fuzz can make nectarine skins appear more reddish than those of peaches, contributing to the fruit's plum-like appearance. The lack of down on nectarines' skin also means their skin is more easily bruised than peaches. The history of the nectarine is unclear; the first recorded mention in English is from 1616, but they had probably been grown much earlier within the native range of the peach in central and eastern Asia. Although one source states that nectarines were introduced into the United States by David Fairchild of the Department of Agriculture in 1906,

Peach
to the putative original domestication that is supposed to have taken place in China about 4,000–5,000 years ago, the second is related to the western germplasm and is due to the early dissemination of the peach in Europe from China and the more recent breeding activities in the United States and Europe. These bottlenecks highlighted the substantial reduction of genetic diversity associated with domestication and breeding activities. Peaches grow in a fairly limited range in dry, continental or temperate climates, since the trees have a chilling requirement that tropical or subtropical areas generally do not satisfy except at high altitudes

Peach
to combat the disease, including Bordeaux mixture and other copper-based products (the University of California considers these organic treatments), ziram, chlorothalonil, and dodine. The fruit is susceptible to brown rot or a dark reddish spot. Peaches and nectarines are best stored at temperatures of 0 °C (32 °F) and high humidity. They are highly perishable, and typically consumed or canned within two weeks of harvest. Peaches are climacteric fruits and continue to ripen after being picked from the tree. In 2016, world production of peaches and nectarines was 25 million tonnes, led by China which produced 58% of the world

Cherry
Galilee). Major commercial cherry orchards in Europe are in Turkey, Italy, Spain and other Mediterranean regions, and to a smaller extent in the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia. In France since the 1920s, the first cherries of the season come in April/May from the region of Céret (Pyrénées-Orientales), where the local producers send, as a tradition since 1932, the first crate of cherries to the president of the Republic. In the United States, most sweet cherries are grown in Washington, California, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Important sweet cherry cultivars include Bing, Ulster, Rainier, Brooks, Tulare, King, and Sweetheart. Both Oregon

Peach
the 16th century, and eventually made it to England and France in the 17th century, where it was a prized and expensive treat. The horticulturist George Minifie supposedly brought the first peaches from England to its North American colonies in the early 17th century, planting them at his Estate of Buckland in Virginia. Although Thomas Jefferson had peach trees at Monticello, American farmers did not begin commercial production until the 19th century in Maryland, Delaware, Georgia, South Carolina, and finally in Virginia. In April 2010, an international consortium, the International Peach Genome Initiative (IPGI), that include researchers from the United

a number of colonial-era newspaper articles make reference to nectarines being grown in the United States prior to the Revolutionary War. 28 March 1768 edition of the ""New York Gazette"" (p. 3), for example, mentions a farm in Jamaica, Long Island, New York, where nectarines were grown. Peacherine is claimed to be a cross between a peach and a nectarine, and are marketed in Australia and New Zealand. The fruit is intermediate in appearance between a peach and a nectarine, large and brightly colored like a red peach. The flesh of the fruit is usually yellow, but white varieties also

Pecan
Pecan The pecan (""Carya illinoinensis"") is a species of hickory native to northern Mexico and the southern United States in the region of the Mississippi River. The tree is cultivated for its seed in the southern United States, primarily in Georgia, and in Mexico which produces nearly half of the world total. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. Pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, and Texas. ""Pecan"" is from an Algonquian word variously referring to pecans, walnuts and hickory nuts, or more

"Little Boy"
other disarmed bombs are on display in the United States; another is at the Imperial War Museum in London. Little Boy ""Little Boy"" was the code name for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II. It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress ""Enola Gay"" piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It exploded with an energy of approximately and caused widespread death and

"Fat Man"
Fat Man ""Fat Man"" was the codename for the nuclear bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945. It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare, the first being Little Boy, and its detonation marked the third nuclear explosion in history. It was built by scientists and engineers at Los Alamos Laboratory using plutonium from the Hanford Site, and it was dropped from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress ""Bockscar"" piloted by Major Charles Sweeney. The name Fat Man refers to the early design of the

Little Boy ""Little Boy"" was the code name for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II. It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress ""Enola Gay"" piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It exploded with an energy of approximately and caused widespread death and destruction throughout the city. The Hiroshima bombing was the second nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and

"Fat Man"
and David Greenglass, who provided them with secret information concerning the Manhattan Project and Fat Man. It was detonated on 29 August 1949 as part of Operation ""First Lightning"". Fat Man ""Fat Man"" was the codename for the nuclear bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945. It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare, the first being Little Boy, and its detonation marked the third nuclear explosion in history. It was built by scientists and engineers at Los Alamos Laboratory using plutonium from

"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"
merged the nuclear weapons projects of the United Kingdom and Canada, Tube Alloys and the Montreal Laboratory, with the Manhattan Project, under the direction of Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Groves appointed J. Robert Oppenheimer to organize and head the project's Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico, where bomb design work was carried out. Two types of bombs were eventually developed, both named by Robert Serber. Little Boy was a gun-type fission weapon that used uranium-235, a rare isotope of uranium separated at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The

the Little Boy design to incorporate a removable breech plug that would permit the bomb to be armed in flight. The first plutonium core, along with its polonium-beryllium urchin initiator, was transported in the custody of Project Alberta courier Raemer Schreiber in a magnesium field carrying case designed for the purpose by Philip Morrison. Magnesium was chosen because it does not act as a tamper. The core departed from Kirtland Army Air Field on a C-54 transport aircraft of the 509th Composite Group's 320th Troop Carrier Squadron on July 26, and arrived at North Field July 28. Three Fat Man

month later. In 1949, one of the authors of the letter, Luis Alvarez, met with Sagane and signed the letter. At 11:01, a last-minute break in the clouds over Nagasaki allowed ""Bockscar""s bombardier, Captain Kermit Beahan, to visually sight the target as ordered. The Fat Man weapon, containing a core of about of plutonium, was dropped over the city's industrial valley. It exploded 47 seconds later at , above a tennis court, halfway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south and the Nagasaki Arsenal in the north. This was nearly northwest of the planned hypocenter; the blast

high-explosive pre-assemblies, designated F31, F32, and F33, were picked up at Kirtland on July 28 by three B-29s, two from the 393d Bombardment Squadron plus one from the 216th Army Air Force Base Unit, and transported to North Field, arriving on August 2. At the time of its bombing, Hiroshima was a city of both industrial and military significance. A number of military units were located nearby, the most important of which was the headquarters of Field Marshal Shunroku Hata's Second General Army, which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan, and was located in Hiroshima Castle. Hata's command

"Nuclear explosion"
France, China The primary application to date has been military (i.e. nuclear weapons), and the remainder of explosions include the following: Only two nuclear weapons have been deployed in combat—both by the United States against Japan in World War II. The first event occurred on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a uranium gun-type device, code-named ""Little Boy"", on the city of Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people, including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. The second event occurred three days later when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a plutonium

to Tibbets. Scheduled for August 11 against Kokura, the raid was moved earlier by two days to avoid a five-day period of bad weather forecast to begin on August 10. Three bomb pre-assemblies had been transported to Tinian, labeled F-31, F-32, and F-33 on their exteriors. On August 8, a dress rehearsal was conducted off Tinian by Sweeney using ""Bockscar"" as the drop airplane. Assembly F-33 was expended testing the components and F-31 was designated for the August 9 mission. At 03:49 on the morning of August 9, 1945, ""Bockscar"", flown by Sweeney's crew, carried Fat Man, with Kokura as

"4 Your Eyez Only"
4 Your Eyez Only 4 Your Eyez Only is the fourth studio album by American rapper J. Cole. It was released on December 9, 2016, by Dreamville Records, Roc Nation and Interscope Records. The album was Cole's first release with Interscope—his previous albums were released by Columbia Records. ""4 Your Eyez Only"" was released exactly two years after Cole's previous studio album, ""2014 Forest Hills Drive"". Most of these recordings took place from 2015 to 2016, while the production on the album was primarily handled by Cole himself, alongside several other record producers such as Vinylz, Boi-1da, Cardiak, Ron Gilmore,

he made the beat. In an interview with ""Billboard"", Ibrahim Hamad revealed that ""Deja Vu"" was originally intended for Cole's previous album, ""2014 Forest Hills Drive"" (2014). He commented on the issue saying: Credits adapted from album's liner notes as cited on the official Dreamville website. Notes Sample credits Credits adapted from official liner notes. Musicians Technical Managerial Production 4 Your Eyez Only 4 Your Eyez Only is the fourth studio album by American rapper J. Cole. It was released on December 9, 2016, by Dreamville Records, Roc Nation and Interscope Records. The album was Cole's first release with Interscope—his

Frank Dukes, Chargaux and Elite, among others. The album explores a variety of topics concerning the African American community including, mass incarceration, racial discrimination, gang violence and depression. The album also touches on other topics such as, love and fatherhood. The album was supported by two singles: ""Deja Vu,"" and ""Neighbors"". All 10 songs from ""4 Your Eyez Only"" debuted in the top 40 of the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Cole achieved twelve simultaneous Hot 100 entries in a single week. Promoting the release, Cole released a one-hour documentary (by the same name) on April 15, 2017 on HBO, featuring

Boi-1da accused producer Foreign Teck of stealing their beat, to Cole's track ""Deja Vu"" and giving it to singer Bryson Tiller for his hit record ""Exchange"", explaining why the tracks share similarities. Vinylz said Cole's track was recorded before Tiller's, and that he sent Foreign Teck a video of him making the beat to ""Deja Vu"", and a week later Teck posted a beat on Instagram with the same drums. Vinylz also alleged that Foreign Teck offered him publishing, a tacit admission that he had reverse engineered the beat. Another producer by the name of Gmoney Baby also claimed that

"J. Cole"
a 40-minute documentary titled ""Eyez"", on Tidal. It features behind-the-scenes footage of Cole and collaborators working on the album, including two music videos for the tracks ""False Prophets"" and ""Everybody Dies""; neither song was included on the album. On December 5, ""False Prophets"" and ""Everybody Dies"" were released as singles to iTunes store and other streaming services. ""4 Your Eyez Only"" debuted at number one on the ""Billboard"" 200 with 492,000 album-equivalent units, of which 363,000 were pure album sales, becoming Cole's fourth number one album. The track ""Deja Vu"" entered the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 at number 7 without

radio, as the album's first single. The single debuted at number 7 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, becoming Cole's first top 10 song. The single also debuted at number 4 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.<ref name=""Hot R&B/HipHop""></ref> The track was produced by Vinylz and Boi-1da, with additional production from Cole, Ron Gilmore and Velous and samples ""Swing My Way"" by K. P. & Envyi. ""Neighbors"" was serviced to rhythmic radio on April 25, 2017 as the album's second single. ""Neighbors"" debuted at number 13 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 8 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop

"J. Cole"
being released as a single, becoming J. Cole's highest charting song. All 10 songs from ""4 Your Eyez Only"" debuted in the top 40 of the Hot 100, after only having four top 40 hits as a solo artist. ""False Prophets"" and ""Everybody Dies"" both charted also. Cole achieved twelve simultaneous Hot 100 entries in a single week. ""Deja Vu"" was released as the album's first single on January 10, 2017. On January 12, 2017, ""4 Your Eyez Only"" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). On April 7, 2017 the album was certified platinum by

Only"" is a wonderfully well-produced concept album that tells two sides of a coming-of-age story from a young man who lives his life on the streets. Cole follows the same script as his previous album, ""2014 Forest Hills Drive"", delivering heartfelt, honest lyrics that brings fans closer into his mind."" ""Rolling Stone"" listed the album at number 35 on their list of the 40 best rap albums of 2016, Timmhotep Aku commented saying: ""this album is more than a 10-track eulogy: It's a well-executed meditation on love, loss, fatherhood and being black in America. Good reason to root for the

Songs chart. The song was produced by Cole, and during his 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour, Cole revealed the beat for ""Neighbors"" is the instrumental from his 2013 single, ""Forbidden Fruit"" played in reverse, with a tempo switch and snare removal. On May 1, 2017, the music video for ""Neighbors"" was uploaded on Cole's Vevo channel. On December 5, ""False Prophets"" and ""Everybody Dies"" were released as singles to iTunes and all streaming services. Both tracks charted on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, ""False Prophets"" peaked at number 54, while ""Everybody Dies"" peaked at number 57. The beat for

and ""Lemonade"" by Beyoncé. It was also the second-largest weekly streaming figure for an album in 2016, tallying 118,000 in SEA units (equaling 51.7 million streams of the album's songs) behind only ""Views"". ""4 Your Eyez Only"", ""Views"" and The Weeknd's ""Starboy"" were the first albums ever to move over 100,000 albums in a week with streaming alone. Cole joined DMX and Drake as one of only three rappers to have their first four studio albums reach number one on the ""Billboard"" 200. The album remained in the chart's top five for the next several weeks. On January 12, 2017,

"Fall of the Western Roman Empire"
Emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure. Relevant dates include 117 CE, when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent, and the accession of Diocletian in 284. Irreversible major territorial loss, however, began in 376 with a large-scale irruption of Goths and others. In 395, after winning two destructive civil

Fall of the Western Roman Empire The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called Fall of the Roman Empire or Fall of Rome) was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians mention factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the

through and beyond the period of lost political control, the process has been described as a complex cultural transformation, rather than a fall. Fall of the Western Roman Empire The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called Fall of the Roman Empire or Fall of Rome) was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians mention factors including the

offered mutilation, humiliation, and exile). Indeed, Attalus's claim was a marker of threat to Honorius, and Alaric dethroned him after a few months. In 410 Alaric took Rome by starvation, sacked it for three days (there was relatively little destruction, and in some Christian holy places Alaric's men even refrained from wanton wrecking and rape), and invited its remaining barbarian slaves to join him, which many did. The city of Rome was the seat of the richest senatorial noble families and the centre of their cultural patronage; to pagans it was the sacred origin of the empire, and to Christians

be described as Roman. Barbarian kingdoms had established their own power in much of the area of the Western Empire. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Empire survived, and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean. While the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the Fall is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as Late Antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political

to send Avitus to ask for the help of the Visigoths in Gaul before the Vandals sailed to Italy. Petronius was unable to muster any effective response and was killed by a mob as he tried to flee the city. The Vandals entered Rome, and plundered it for two weeks. Despite the shortage of money for the defence of the state, considerable private wealth had accumulated since the previous sack in 410. The Vandals sailed away with large amounts of treasure and also with the Princess Eudocia, who became the wife of one Vandal king and the mother of another.

indicated by the remarks of a Roman captive under Attila who was happy in his lot, giving a lively account of the vices of a declining empire, of which he had so long been the victim; the cruel absurdity of the Roman princes, unable to protect their subjects against the public enemy, unwilling to trust them with arms for their own defence; the intolerable weight of taxes, rendered still more oppressive by the intricate or arbitrary modes of collection; the obscurity of numerous and contradictory laws; the tedious and expensive forms of judicial proceedings; the partial administration of justice; and

Rome had lost almost all local control. Under Constantius, bandits came to dominate areas such as Isauria well within the empire. The tribes of Germany also became more populous and more threatening. In Gaul, which did not really recover from the invasions of the third century, there was widespread insecurity and economic decline in the 300s, perhaps worst in Armorica. By 350, after decades of pirate attacks, virtually all villas in Armorica were deserted, and local use of money ceased about 360. Repeated attempts to economize on military expenditure included billeting troops in cities, where they could less easily be

with even humble subjects. The cults of polytheist religion were hugely varied, but none claimed that theirs was the only truth, and their followers displayed mutual tolerance, producing a polyphonous religious harmony. Religious strife was rare after the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 136 (after which the devastated Judaea ceased to be a major centre for Jewish unrest). Heavy mortality in 165–180 from the Antonine Plague seriously impaired attempts to repel Germanic invaders, but the legions generally held or at least speedily re-instated the borders of the Empire. The Empire suffered multiple serious crises during the third century.

for at least another century, before disappearing at an unknown date in the early 7th century. The Roman Empire was not only a political unity enforced by violence. It was also the combined and elaborated civilization of the Mediterranean basin and beyond. It included manufacture, trade, and architecture, widespread secular literacy, written law, and an international language of science and literature. The Western barbarians lost much of these higher cultural practices, but their redevelopment in the Middle Ages by polities aware of the Roman achievement formed the basis for the later development of Europe. Observing the cultural and archaeological continuities

who helped them recapture mycenae once they were old enough to fight

Aegeus
his father, who would acknowledge him. Upon his return to Athens, Aegeus married Medea, who had fled from Corinth and the wrath of Jason. Aegeus and Medea had one son named Medus. While visiting in Athens, King Minos' son, Androgeus managed to defeat Aegeus in every contest during the Panathenaic Games. Out of envy, Aegeus sent him to conquer the Marathonian Bull, which killed him. Minos was angry and declared war on Athens. He offered the Athenians peace, however, under the condition that Athens would send seven young men and seven young women every nine years to Crete to be

Epigoni
Epigoni In Greek mythology, Epigoni (; from , meaning ""offspring"") are the sons of the Argive heroes who had fought and been killed in the first Theban war, the subject of the ""Thebaid"", in which Polynices and six allies (the Seven Against Thebes) attacked Thebes because Polynices' brother, Eteocles, refused to give up the throne as promised. The second Theban war, also called the war of the Epigoni, occurred ten years later, when the Epigoni, wishing to avenge the death of their fathers, attacked Thebes. According to the ""Bibliotheca"", they were: To this list, Pausanias also adds: Both Apollodorus and

Mycenae
hunting goddess Artemis replaced her at the very last moment with a deer on the altar, and took Iphigenia to Tauris (see ""Iphigenia"" by Euripides). The deities, having been satisfied by such a sacrifice, made the winds blow and the Greek fleet departed. Legend tells us that the long and arduous Trojan War, although nominally a Greek victory, brought anarchy, piracy, and ruin; already before the Greek fleet set sail for Troy, the conflict had divided the gods as well, and this contributed to curses and acts of vengeance following many of the Greek heroes. After the war, Agamemnon, returning,

Diomedes
was killed. At the funeral of their fathers, the sons of the seven fallen champions (Aegialeus, Alcmaeon, Amphilocus, Diomedes, Euryalus, Promachus, Sthenelus, and Thersander) met and vowed to vanquish Thebes in order to avenge their fathers. They were called ""the Epigoni"" because they were born ""after everything has happened"". Ten years later, the Epigoni set out to launch another expedition against Thebes, appointing Alcmaeon as their commander-in-chief. They strengthened their initial forces with contingents from Messenia, Arcadia, Corinth, and Megara. This army, however, was still small compared to that of Thebes. The war of the Epigoni is remembered as the

Philopoemen
the Spartan king Cleomenes III at the Battle of Sellasia, Sparta experienced a power vacuum that eventually led to the Spartan kingship being bestowed on a child, Pelops, for whom Machanidas ruled as regent. The Battle of Mantinea was fought in 207 BC between the Spartans led by Machanidas and the Achaean League, whose forces were led by Philopoemen. The Achaeans defeated the Spartans. In the battle, Philopoemen defeated and killed the Spartan ruler Machanidas in one-on-one combat. Afterward, the Achaeans erected at Delphi a bronze statue which captured the fight between Machanidas and Philopoemen. With his victory at Mantinea,

Mycenae
With the help of King Tyndareus of Sparta, the Atreids drove Thyestes again into exile. Tyndareus had two ill-starred daughters, Helen and Clytemnestra, whom Menelaus and Agamemnon married, respectively. Agamemnon inherited Mycenae and Menelaus became king of Sparta. Soon, Helen eloped with Paris of Troy. Agamemnon conducted a 10-year war against Troy to get her back for his brother. Because of lack of wind, the warships could not sail to Troy. In order to please the gods so that they might make the winds start to blow, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia. According to some versions of the legend, the

Mycenae
Aegistheus, but not for long. Recovering, Orestes returned to Mycenae to kill him and take the throne. Orestes then built a larger state in the Peloponnese, but he died in Arcadia from a snake bite. His son, Tisamenus, the last of the Atreid dynasty, was killed by the Heracleidae on their return to the Peloponnesus. They claimed the right of the Perseids to inherit the various kingdoms of the Peloponnese and cast lots for the dominion of them. Whatever the historical realities reflected in these stories, the Atreids are firmly set in the epoch near the end of the Heroic

Philoctetes
for ten years. Helenus, the prophetic son of King Priam of Troy, was forced to reveal, under torture, that one of the conditions of the Greeks' winning the war was that they needed the bow and arrows of Heracles. Upon hearing this, Odysseus and a group of men (usually including Diomedes) rushed back to Lemnos to recover Heracles' weapons. (As Sophocles writes it in his play named ""Philoctetes"", Odysseus is accompanied by Neoptolemus, Achilles' son, also known as Pyrrhus. Other versions of the myth don't include Neoptolemus.) Surprised to find the archer alive, the Greeks balked on what to do

"Lynceus of Argos"
Danaus together with his daughters fled to Argos where King Pelasgus ruled. Then Lynceus together with his brothers and father arrived to take the Danaides. Danaus gave them to spare the Argives the pain of a battle however, he instructed his daughters to kill their husbands on their wedding night. Forty-nine followed through, but one, Hypermnestra refused because Lynceus honored her wish to remain a virgin. Danaus was angry with his disobedient daughter and threw her to the Argive courts but Aphrodite intervened and saved her. Lynceus later killed Danaus as revenge for the death of his brothers. Lynceus and

"Seleucus I Nicator"
order to drive Cassander out. She held great respect among the Macedonian army but lost some of this when she had Philip III and his wife Eurydice killed as well as many nobles whom she took revenge upon for supporting Antipater during his long reign. Cassander reclaimed Macedon the following year at Pydna and then had her killed. Alexander IV, still a young child, and his mother Roxane were held guarded at Amphipolis and died under mysterious circumstances in 310 BC, probably murdered at the instigation of Cassander to allow the diadochs to assume the title of king. After arriving

"Tomb Raider (film)"
and Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles. Principal photography took place from January to June 2017 at the Warner Bros. Studios in the United Kingdom, and in Cape Town, South Africa. The first ""Tomb Raider"" film not to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, it was released in the United Kingdom on March 14, 2018, and in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, in RealD 3D, IMAX 3D, IMAX and 4DX. The film grossed $273 million worldwide, just below the $274 million made by Angelina Jolie's but more than its . The film received mixed

Lara Croft in April 2016. ""Deadline Hollywood"" had previously reported that Daisy Ridley was considered for the role, though she later stated in an interview that it was just a ""crazy rumor."" Walton Goggins was announced to play the villain in December 2016, and much of the rest of the cast was revealed in early 2017. Principal photography on the film began on January 23, 2017, in Cape Town, South Africa, and ended on June 9, 2017, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. Wilton House near Salisbury in Wiltshire was the location for exterior shots for Croft Manor. The waterfall sequence

Tomb Raider (film) Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. An American and British co-production, it is based on the 2013 video game of the same name, with some elements of its sequel by Crystal Dynamics, and is a reboot of the ""Tomb Raider"" film series. The film stars Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft, who embarks on a perilous journey to her father's last-known destination, hoping to solve the mystery of his disappearance. Dominic West, Walton Goggins, Daniel Wu,

guests and cosplaying fans. It was released in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, days after the fifth anniversary of the franchise's video game reboot. The film received an IMAX 3D and a RealD 3D release. It also received an 4DX release in selected countries. Outside the US, the film was released in most territories between March 8–16, 2018, in Japan on March 21, 2018, and in Poland on April 6, 2018. ""Tomb Raider"" was released on digital streaming platforms on May 29, 2018. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-ray and DVD release occurred on June

involving the plane was filmed at a waterpark at Lee Valley, outside of London, at a venue that had been built for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and was combined with footage filmed in South Africa. On September 11, 2017, It was announced that Junkie XL signed on as the film's composer after being removed from Justice League. The soundtrack was released in digital and physical formats on March 9, 2018 by Sony Classical Records with the Vinyl being released later on August 24, 2018. ""Tomb Raider"" premiered on March 2, 2018, in Berlin, Germany, at an exclusive preview with invited

she prepares for her next adventure. Additionally, Nick Frost plays a pawn shop owner and Jaime Winstone his wife. Hannah John-Kamen and Antonio Aakeel play Lara's friends. Duncan Airlie James plays Terry, a mixed martial arts club operator. Josef Altin portrays Bruce, Lara's boss, Billy Postlethwaite and Roger Nsengiyumva appear as Bill and Rog, Lara's co-workers and opponents at the race and Michael Obiora portrays Baxter, the Croft Holdings' receptionist. GK Films first acquired the rights to make the film in 2011. Norwegian director Roar Uthaug came on board in November 2015, and Alicia Vikander was announced as the new

in returning as Lara Croft for a second film, stating that ""If there's an audience out there for it, then I would love to"". In 2015, Adrian Askarieh, producer of the ""Hitman"" films, stated that he hoped to oversee a shared universe of Square Enix films with ""Just Cause"", ""Hitman"", ""Tomb Raider"", ""Deus Ex"", and ""Thief"", but admitted that he does not have the rights to ""Tomb Raider"". Tomb Raider (film) Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. An

"Annihilation (film)"
Annihilation (film) Annihilation is a 2018 science fiction horror film written and directed by Alex Garland, based on the novel of the same name by Jeff VanderMeer. It stars Natalie Portman, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Gina Rodriguez, Tessa Thompson, Tuva Novotny and Oscar Isaac. The story follows a group of military scientists who enter ""The Shimmer"", a mysterious quarantined zone of mutating landscapes and transforming creatures. ""Annihilation"" was released theatrically in Canada and the United States by Paramount Pictures on February 23, 2018 and in China on April 13, 2018. Across all three countries, it grossed $43 million against a production

12, 2018. Australia received a DVD and Blu-Ray release on June 18, 2018. ""Tomb Raider"" grossed $57.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $216.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $273.5 million, against a production budget in the range of $90–106 million. In order to break even, the film needed to gross at least $275 million worldwide. In the United States and Canada, ""Tomb Raider"" was released alongside ""Love, Simon"" and ""I Can Only Imagine"", and was projected to gross $23–29 million from 3,854 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $9.1 million on

"Alicia Vikander"
the adaptation of the novel ""The Light Between Oceans"" (2016), directed by Derek Cianfrance, with Michael Fassbender and Rachel Weisz. The film was released in the United States by Touchstone Pictures on 2 September 2016. Vikander portrayed Lara Croft in the action reboot film ""Tomb Raider"", which was released on 16 March 2018. Vikander previously lived in North London. In late 2014, she began a relationship with actor Michael Fassbender, in which they made their first public appearance together at the 2016 Golden Globes, where Vikander was nominated twice—for her roles in ""The Danish Girl"" (2015) and ""Ex Machina"" (2015).

"Baby boomers"
the early years of Generation X. The term baby boom refers to a noticeable increase in the birth rate. The post-war population increase was described as a ""boom"" by various newspaper reporters, including Sylvia F. Porter in a column for the May 4, 1951, edition of the ""New York Post"", based on the increase in the population of the U.S. of 2,357,000 in 1950. The first recorded use of ""baby boomer"" is in a January 1963 ""Daily Press"" article describing a massive surge of college enrollments approaching as the oldest boomers were coming of age. Various authors have delimited the

Baby boomers Baby boomers (also known as boomers) are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation and preceding Generation X. There are varying timelines defining the start and the end of this cohort; demographers and researchers typically use birth years starting from the early- to mid-1940s and ending dates of 1960 or 1964. The term ""baby boomer"" is also used in a cultural context, so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition. Different people, organizations, and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer, both chronologically and culturally. Some define ""baby boomers"" as

"Baby boom"
Baby boom A baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate. This demographic phenomenon is usually ascribed within certain geographical bounds. People born during this period are often called baby boomers; however, some experts distinguish between those born during such demographic baby booms and those who identify with the overlapping cultural generations. The causes of baby booms involves various fertility factors. The most well-known baby boom occurred in middle of twentieth century, beginning in late 1930s or early 1940s and ending in 1960s. It was a change of trend that was largely unexpected, because in

baby boomers apart from other generational groups is the fact that ""almost from the time they were conceived, Boomers were dissected, analyzed, and pitched to by modern marketers, who reinforced a sense of generational distinctiveness."" This is supported by the articles of the late 1940s identifying the increasing number of babies as an economic boom, such as a 1948 ""Newsweek"" article whose title proclaimed ""Babies Mean Business"", or a 1948 ""Time"" magazine article called ""Baby Boom."" The age wave theory suggests an economic slowdown when the boomers started retiring during 2007–2009. Projections for the aging U.S. workforce suggest that by

for ""generational ownership"" has motivated a handful of marketing mavens and cultural commentators to coin and/or promote their own terms for sub‑segments of the baby-boomer generation. These monikers include, but are not limited to, ""golden boomers,"" ""generation Jones,"" ""alpha boomers,"" ""hippies,"" ""yippies,"" ""yuppies,"" ""zoomers,"" and ""cuspers."" In Ontario, Canada, one attempt to define the boom came from David Foot, author of ""Boom, Bust and Echo: Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st century"" (1997). He defines a Canadian boomer as someone born from 1947 to 1966, the years that more than 400,000 babies were born. However, he acknowledges that

generation, boomers had tended to avoid discussions and long-term planning for their demise. However, beginning at least as early as that year, there has been a growing dialogue on how to manage aging and end-of-life issues as the generation ages. In particular, a number of commentators have argued that Baby Boomers are in a state of denial regarding their own aging and death and are leaving an undue economic burden on their children for their retirement and care. According to the 2011 Associated Press and LifeGoesStrong.com surveys: In 2009, the earliest baby boomers (If someone uses Strauss and Howe's range

genuinely expecting the world to improve with time. They were also the generation that received peak levels of income; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food, apparel, retirement programs, and sometimes even ""midlife crisis"" products. The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive. One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation, very different from those that had come before or that has come afterward. In the 1960s, as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults, they, and

those around them, created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort, and the changes they were bringing about. This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers, as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations, which was a relatively new phenomenon. The baby boom has been described variously as a ""shockwave"" and as ""the pig in the python"". The term ""Generation Jones"" is sometimes used to describe those born roughly between 1954 and 1964. The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort and

at all on loans for veterans. Getting settled in with a more comfortable economic position allowed families to have a place to live, be educated, and start having babies. ""Now thriving on the American Dream, life was simple, jobs were plentiful, and a record number of babies were born."" The U.S. birthrate exploded after World War II. From 1944 to 1961, more than 65 million children were born in the United States. At the height of this baby boom, a child was born every seven seconds. Factors that contributed to the baby boom consisted of young couples who started families

is a demographic definition, and that culturally it may not be as clear-cut. Doug Owram argues that the Canadian boom took place from 1942 to 1960, but that culturally boomers everywhere were born between the late war years and about 1955 or 1956. He notes that those born in the years before the actual boom were often the most influential people among boomers; for example, musicians such as The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and The Rolling Stones, as well as writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, who were either slightly or vastly older than the boomer generation. Those born in

"Vasomotor center"
vasomotor centre and are themselves involved in the regulation of blood pressure. The localization of VMC was determined by Filipp Ovsyannikov in 1871. Vasomotor center The vasomotor center (VMC) is a portion of the medulla oblongata that, together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, regulates blood pressure and other homeostatic processes. Vasomotor center is a fairly archaic term since this function relies not on a single brain structure (""center"") but rather represents a presympathetic network of interacting neurons. Upon increase in carbon dioxide level at central chemoreceptors, it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This is opposite to

"Cardiovascular centre"
the cardiovascular centre and cause it to increase the rate of impulses sent to the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, resulting in faster and stronger cardiac muscle contraction and thus increasing the heart rate. Cardiovascular centre The cardiovascular centre is a part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla oblongata. Normally, the heart beats without nervous control, but in some situations (e.g., exercise, body trauma), the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering the rate at which the heart beats. It

Vasomotor center The vasomotor center (VMC) is a portion of the medulla oblongata that, together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, regulates blood pressure and other homeostatic processes. Vasomotor center is a fairly archaic term since this function relies not on a single brain structure (""center"") but rather represents a presympathetic network of interacting neurons. Upon increase in carbon dioxide level at central chemoreceptors, it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This is opposite to carbon dioxide in tissues causing vasodilatation, especially in the brain. Cranial nerves IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X Vagus nerve both feed into the

Cardiovascular centre The cardiovascular centre is a part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla oblongata. Normally, the heart beats without nervous control, but in some situations (e.g., exercise, body trauma), the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering the rate at which the heart beats. It also mediates respiratory sinus arrhythmia. When a change of blood pH is detected by central chemoreceptors or by peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic bodies and in carotid bodies, or a change of blood pressure

and thereby to eject blood from the ventricles into the arteries and the cardiac circulatory system; and they provide a system of intricately-timed and persistent signaling that controls the rhythmic beating of the heart muscle cells, especially the complex impulse-generation and muscle contractions in the atrial chambers. The rhythmic sequence (or sinus rhythm) of this signaling across the heart is coordinated by two groups of specialized cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is situated in the upper wall of the right atrium, and the atrioventricular (AV) node located in the lower wall of the right heart between the atrium and

out of the cell and pumping (exchanging) potassium into the cell. Restoring these ion concentrations is vital because it enables the cell to reset itself and enables it to repeat the process of spontaneous depolarization leading to activation of an action potential. If the SA node does not function, or the impulse generated in the SA node is blocked before it travels down the electrical conduction system, a group of cells further down the heart will become its pacemaker. This center is typically represented by cells inside the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is an area between the atria and

Heart
8 around the two ventricles and proceeding toward the apex. This complex swirling pattern allows the heart to pump blood more effectively. There are two types of cells in cardiac muscle: muscle cells which have the ability to contract easily, and pacemaker cells of the conducting system. The muscle cells make up the bulk (99%) of cells in the atria and ventricles. These contractile cells are connected by intercalated discs which allow a rapid response to impulses of action potential from the pacemaker cells. The intercalated discs allow the cells to act as a syncytium and enable the contractions that

"Ectopic pacemaker"
pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. The pacemaker that is operating in the ventricles is known as the ventricular. Other such ectopic pacemakers can even lie within the pulmonary vein and thoracic vein walls. On an ECG, the QRS complex will be abnormally shaped when looking at ventricular ectopic activity, often it occurs earlier with an absent P wave. It can be perceived as a skipped beat on both

"Anne with an E"
in late 2018 Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male, women serving as executive producer and showrunner, the series has several female directors. For the second season, showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley-Beckett was joined by a team of women writers. Season 3 will also feature a team of women writers. Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley. Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is ""incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful"", according to Miranda de Pencier. Walley-Beckett describes her as at once ""luminous,"" transparent,

"Merle Oberon"
Merle Oberon Merle Oberon (born Estelle Merle O'Brien Thompson; 19 February 191123 November 1979) was an Anglo-Indian actress who began her film career in British films as Anne Boleyn in ""The Private Life of Henry VIII"" (1933). After her success in ""The Scarlet Pimpernel"" (1934), she travelled to the United States to make films for Samuel Goldwyn. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in ""The Dark Angel"" (1935). A traffic collision in 1937 caused facial injuries that could have ended her career, but she recovered and remained active in film and television until

""exceptional"" and ""spectacular"" interpretation, giving it four out of five stars. Tasha Cerny, contributor for the Tracking Board, praises the cinematography as lush and colourful, the characters vibrant, and the plot ""surprisingly thrilling for a story about a young girl living in a small secluded community in the late nineteenth century. I laughed, I cried, and I didn't expect either from a show about a little girl."" Gwen Inhat of ""The A.V. Club"" calls the series ""at once darker and sweeter than the original"" novel, praising the core cast, reserving the highest for the series lead: ""Amybeth McNulty defies her

"Elvi Hale"
death in 1998. Elvi Hale Patricia Elvi Hake (born 29 January 1931), known professionally as Elvi Hale, is a retired British actress. Raised in Romford, Essex, she may be best known for playing Anne of Cleves in ""The Six Wives of Henry VIII"", broadcast in 1970. Hale was nominated for a BAFTA award for most promising film newcomer for her performance in Wendy Toye's ""True as a Turtle"" (1957). She retired from film and television work in 1990. She was married to actor Mike Morgan until his death in 1958. She married character actor George Murcell in 1961 and remained

Elvi Hale Patricia Elvi Hake (born 29 January 1931), known professionally as Elvi Hale, is a retired British actress. Raised in Romford, Essex, she may be best known for playing Anne of Cleves in ""The Six Wives of Henry VIII"", broadcast in 1970. Hale was nominated for a BAFTA award for most promising film newcomer for her performance in Wendy Toye's ""True as a Turtle"" (1957). She retired from film and television work in 1990. She was married to actor Mike Morgan until his death in 1958. She married character actor George Murcell in 1961 and remained married until his

"Winifred Lenihan"
27, 1964 at her home in Sea Cliff, New York. She was 64 years old. Winifred Lenihan Winifred Lenihan (December 6, 1898 – July 27, 1964) was an American actress, writer and director. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making her debut in 1918. Although she portrayed the would-be eloper Anne in ""The Dover Road"" (1921), Anne Hathaway in ""Will Shakespeare"" (1923), and the resourceful Mary Todd in ""White Wings"" (1926), she is recalled mostly as Joan of Arc in the original American production of ""Saint Joan"" (1923). Lenihan was born in Brooklyn and, as she

"Anne Bancroft"
and directed by Jodie Foster, ""How to Make an American Quilt"" (1995) with Winona Ryder, ""G.I. Jane"" (1997) with Demi Moore, ""Great Expectations"" (1998) with Gwyneth Paltrow, ""Keeping the Faith"" (2000) with Ben Stiller, and ""Heartbreakers"" (2001) with Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sigourney Weaver and Gene Hackman. She also lent her voice to the animated film ""Antz"" (1998), which also featured performances from Jennifer Lopez, Sharon Stone, and Woody Allen. Bancroft also starred in several television movies and miniseries, receiving six Emmy Award nominations (winning once for herself and shared for ""Annie, The Women in the Life of a Man""), eight

Winifred Lenihan Winifred Lenihan (December 6, 1898 – July 27, 1964) was an American actress, writer and director. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making her debut in 1918. Although she portrayed the would-be eloper Anne in ""The Dover Road"" (1921), Anne Hathaway in ""Will Shakespeare"" (1923), and the resourceful Mary Todd in ""White Wings"" (1926), she is recalled mostly as Joan of Arc in the original American production of ""Saint Joan"" (1923). Lenihan was born in Brooklyn and, as she said, ""always lived within subway distance of 42nd Street."" She had an early interest in

"Elsa Lanchester"
Elsa Lanchester Elsa Sullivan Lanchester (28 October 1902 – 26 December 1986) was an English actress with a long career in theatre, film and television. Lanchester studied dance as a child and after the First World War began performing in theatre and cabaret, where she established her career over the following decade. She met the actor Charles Laughton in 1927, and they were married two years later. She began playing small roles in British films, including the role of Anne of Cleves with Laughton in ""The Private Life of Henry VIII"" (1933). His success in American films resulted in the

"Sara Botsford"
Sara Botsford Sara Botsford (born August 4, 1951) is a Canadian television and film actress. She plays Marilla in the 2016 ""Anne of Green Gables"" TV movie, opposite Martin Sheen, and plays Lady Covington in the Nickelodeon YTV series ""RIDE"". She is probably best known for her role of Ann Hildebrand in the television series ""E.N.G."" for which she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role. Prior to that role, her most remembered role would be the wickedly evil character of Lillith McKechnie, AKA Isabella, on the daytime drama ""As the

number of employees in the department of health and human services

"United States Department of Health and Human Services"
governments, and tribal councils. The directors from each regional office are appointed directly by the active president. The follow is a list of who runs each regional office: Region 1: John McGough Region 6: Mervin Turner Region 2: Dennis González Region 7: Jeff Kahrs Region 3: Matt Baker Region 8: Brian Shiozawa Region 4: Renee Ellmers Region 9: Unknown Region 5: Douglas O' Brien Region 10: John R. Graham The Department of Health and Human Services was authorized a budget for fiscal year 2015 of $1.020 trillion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows: The Department of Health and

was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration. In 1995, the Social Security Administration was removed from the Department of Health and Human Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States Government. The 2010 United States federal budget established a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over 10 years to finance fundamental reform of the health care system. The Department of Health and Human Services is led by the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, a member of the

SaaS solution that specifically addresses this growing concern, automating physician time logging in compliance with contract terms to eliminate Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations. There are three tiers of health departments, the federal health department, state health department and local health department. In relation with state and local government, the federal government provides states with funding to ensure that states are able to retain current programs and are able to implement new programs. The coordination between all three health departments is critical to ensure the programs being implemented are well structured and suited to the corresponding level of health

department. The health department at state level needs to safeguard good relations with legislators as well as governors in order to acquire legal and financial aid to guarantee the development and enhancements of the programs. Assemblies are set up to guide the relationships between state and local health departments. The state sets up the regulations and health policies whereas the local health departments are the ones implementing the health policies and services. As of 2018, there are ten regional offices that have separated the states in groups of four to eight. These offices directly work with the state departments, local

Human Services' administers 115 programs across its 11 operating divisions. The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) aims to ""protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."" These federal programs consist of social service programs, civil rights and healthcare privacy programs, disaster preparedness programs, and health related research. HHS offers a variety of social service programs geared toward persons with low income, disabilities, military families, and senior citizens. Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which

United States Cabinet appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The Secretary is assisted in managing the Department by the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is also appointed by the President. The Secretary and Deputy Secretary are further assisted by seven Assistant Secretaries, who serve as top Departmental administrators. As of Jan. 20, 2018, this is the top level of the organizational chart. HHS provides further organizational detail on its website. Several agencies within HHS are components of the Public Health Service (PHS), as noted below. The Office

includes advising the president on matters of health, welfare, and income security programs. The Secretary strives to administer the Department of Health and Human Services to carry out approved programs and make the public aware of the objectives of the department. The was reorganized into a Department of Education and a Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). The Department of Health and Human Services oversees 11 agencies including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

establish joint procedures within one year for dealing with unaccompanied migrant children. As of 2018 they have failed to do so. Between October and December 2017, officials from ORR tried to contact 7,635 children and their sponsors. From these calls, officials learned that 6,075 children remained with their sponsors. Twenty-eight had run away, five had been removed from the United States and fifty-two had relocated to live with a non sponsor. However, officials have lost track of 1,475 children. ORR claims it is not legally liable for the safety and status of the children once released from custody. In the

types of capacity builders: In 2016, a published US Senate report revealed that several dozen unaccompanied children from Central America, some as young as fourteen years old, were released from custody to traffickers where they were sexually assaulted, starved or forced to work for little or no pay. The HHS sub agency Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) released approximately 90,000 unaccompanied children during 2013-2015 but did not track their whereabouts or properly screen families accepting these children. To prevent similar episodes, the Homeland Security and Health and Human Services Departments signed a memorandum of understanding in 2016, and agreed to

of the Inspector General (OIG) investigates criminal activity for HHS. The special agents who work for OIG have the same title series ""1811"", training and authority as other federal criminal investigators, such as the FBI, ATF, DEA and Secret Service. However, OIG Special Agents have special skills in investigating white collar crime related to Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Organized crime has dominated the criminal activity relative to this type of fraud. HHS-OIG investigates tens of millions of dollars in Medicare fraud each year. In addition, OIG will continue its coverage of all 50 states and the District of

"Pat McCormick (actor)"
Pat McCormick (actor) Pat McCormick (June 30, 1927 – July 29, 2005) was an American actor and comedy writer known for playing Big Enos Burdette in ""Smokey and the Bandit"" and its two sequels. He wrote for a number of performers such as Red Skelton, Phyllis Diller and Johnny Carson as well as for shows including ""Get Smart"". McCormick had a distinctive appearance being six feet, seven inches tall, weighing 250 pounds and having a walrus mustache. McCormick was born in Lakewood, Ohio, and was a 1945 graduate of Rocky River High School. McCormick was a high school athlete and

died there seven years later, aged 78. His interment was located in Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery. He was survived by a son, Ben, and a grandson. There is no evidence that, as has been claimed, that Pat had a twin brother (who assumed a different surname), Sgt. James McKittrick, of Chicago. Pat McCormick (actor) Pat McCormick (June 30, 1927 – July 29, 2005) was an American actor and comedy writer known for playing Big Enos Burdette in ""Smokey and the Bandit"" and its two sequels. He wrote for a number of performers such as Red Skelton, Phyllis Diller

"Smokey and the Bandit"
Smokey and the Bandit Smokey and the Bandit is a 1977 American action comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick, Paul Williams and Mike Henry. The film was the directorial debut of stuntman Hal Needham. It inspired several other trucking films, including two sequels, ""Smokey and the Bandit II"" and ""Smokey and the Bandit Part 3"". ""Smokey and the Bandit"" was the second highest-grossing domestic film of 1977. Wealthy Texan Big Enos Burdette and his son Little Enos seek a trucker willing to bootleg Coors beer to Georgia for their refreshment; Big Enos has

in the television movies. Smokey and the Bandit Smokey and the Bandit is a 1977 American action comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick, Paul Williams and Mike Henry. The film was the directorial debut of stuntman Hal Needham. It inspired several other trucking films, including two sequels, ""Smokey and the Bandit II"" and ""Smokey and the Bandit Part 3"". ""Smokey and the Bandit"" was the second highest-grossing domestic film of 1977. Wealthy Texan Big Enos Burdette and his son Little Enos seek a trucker willing to bootleg Coors beer to Georgia for their

escape in one of Big Enos' thirteen Cadillacs as the police flood the racetrack. They pass Sheriff Justice's badly damaged police car by the side of the road. Over the radio, Bandit first directs Justice to Big and Little Enos, but then, in a gesture of respect, reveals his true location and invites Justice to give chase, leaving Junior behind. Director Hal Needham originally planned the film as a low-budget B movie with a production cost of $1 million, with Jerry Reed as the Bandit. It was not until Needham's friend Burt Reynolds read the script, and said he would

$4.3 million two days before initial production), the film eventually grossed $126,737,428 in North America, making it the second-highest-grossing movie of 1977. The worldwide gross is estimated at over $300 million. Burt Reynolds rated the film as the one he most enjoyed and had the most fun making in his career. Film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film a good rating (3 stars out of a possible 4) and characterized it as ""About as subtle as ""The Three Stooges"", but a classic compared to the sequels and countless rip-offs which followed."" Gene Siskel, in his review in the ""Chicago Tribune"",

puke"" (a roadside diner) was not in the original story, but rather was Gleason's idea. Before Gleason was cast in the film, Richard Boone was originally considered for the role of Buford T. Justice. Sally Field only accepted the part after her agent advised her that she needed a big movie role on her resume. Reynolds actively pushed for her casting after Universal initially resisted, claiming Field was not attractive enough. Field enjoyed making the film, but remembers that virtually the entire project was improvised. Reportedly, Needham had great difficulty getting any studios or producers to take his project seriously,

"Laurence Harvey"
on release year, or if the Wikipedia article title had a different release year, whichever source is the country of production is the year used. Laurence Harvey Laurence Harvey (born Laruschka Mischa Skikne; 1 October 192825 November 1973) was a Lithuanian-born British Jewish actor. In a career that spanned a quarter of a century, Harvey appeared in stage, film and television productions primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States. His performance in ""Room at the Top"" (1959) resulted in an Academy Award nomination. That success was followed by the role of William Barret Travis in ""The Alamo"" (1960),

"Smokey and the Bandit II"
three years later, ""Smokey and the Bandit Part 3"" (1983), in which Reynolds appeared only in a brief cameo appearance, and Sally Field was absent completely. The plot centers on Bo ""Bandit"" Darville (Burt Reynolds) and Cledus ""Snowman"" Snow (Jerry Reed), transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention, with Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason) in hot pursuit once again. Big Enos Burdette is running for Governor of Texas against another candidate, John Coen. After a figurative and literal ""mudslinging,"" both are confronted by the outgoing governor and given a thorough tongue-lashing. Burdette overhears the governor yelling at an

"Joe Cobb"
Joe Cobb Joe Frank Cobb (November 7, 1915 – May 21, 2002) was an American child actor, most notable for appearing as the original ""fat boy"" in the ""Our Gang"" comedies from 1922 to 1929. Some sources such as the first edition (1977) of ""Our Gang: The Life and Times of the Little Rascals"" documented him as being born in 1916 or 1917; however the Oklahoma birth index indicates he was born in 1915. Born in Shawnee, Oklahoma on November 7, 1915, Cobb auditioned for producer Hal Roach's ""Our Gang"" comedy series at the age of five in 1921. He

"13 Going on 30"
Guild of America). American actress Jennifer Garner was cast for the movie's lead role. In order to film the picture, Garner shot it while on break from filming her TV series ""Alias"". Gwyneth Paltrow, Hilary Swank, and Renée Zellweger were all considered for the lead role. Judy Greer was cast to play Lucy, Garner's best friend; Kathy Baker and Phil Reeves were invited to be Garner's mother and father, respectively. Later, Andy Serkis was selected to play Garner's boss; while Samuel Ball was announced as Garner's boyfriend. Christa B. Allen, who portrayed 13-year-old Jenna, later ""reprised"" her role as a

co-editor and best friend, but the magazine itself is in serious trouble, having been scooped by a rival magazine named ""Sparkle"" so often that the editor-in-chief believes someone inside ""Poise"" is tipping them off. Jenna, freaking out like the frightened teen she still is, wants only to find Matty. She gets his address and races down to Greenwich Village where the now-grown Matt (Mark Ruffalo) is a struggling photographer. To her confusion, he is distant and cold, and cannot even fill Jenna in on much of her missing past, because she became head of the ""Six now seven Chicks"", and

effectively into the role that in a few key scenes, she vividly conveys Jenna's high spirits and giddy pleasure through the graceful curling of her toes."" Leydon praised the director Gary Winick for "" bringing a fresh spin to most of the script's cliches and emphasizing nuggets of emotional truth provided by Goldsmith and Yuspa."" Wesley Morris of ""The Boston Globe"" wrote that ""The movie is tailor-made for women who openly lust for dream houses, dream jobs, and dream hubbies."" He also wrote that ""the best stuff involves the childhood preamble. (The young actors playing Jenna, Matt, and Lucy are

on the US ""Billboard"" 200 chart. Garner's acting earned her nominations from both the MTV Movie Awards and the Teen Choice Awards, and the film was also re-released in DVD in 2006 as ""Fun and Flirty Edition"", and on Blu-Ray in 2009. On May 26, 1987, Jenna Rink, a gawky girl, yearns to be popular, but the only way she can get the ruling clique—the ""Six Chicks"", led by mean girl Lucy ""Tom-Tom"" Wyman—to attend her upcoming 13th-birthday party is by doing their homework. Jenna's best friend, the geeky boy Matty Flamhaff (with the nickname of Beaver because he looks

13 Going on 30 13 Going on 30 (released as Suddenly 30 in some countries) is a 2004 American fantasy romantic comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa and directed by Gary Winick. Starring Jennifer Garner, the film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures, and was released on April 23, 2004. It follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she is humiliated by classmates and wishes that she was 30 years old. When she eventually does emerge, she finds herself five days shy of her 30th birthday, uncertain how she

pink house just like that dollhouse which started it all. Garner filmed the picture while on break from filming her TV series ""Alias"". Gwyneth Paltrow, Hilary Swank, and Renée Zellweger were originally considered for the part played by Garner. Christa B. Allen, who portrays 13-year-old Jenna, would later ""reprise"" her role as a younger version of Jennifer Garner by portraying the teenaged version of Jenny Perotti in ""Ghosts of Girlfriends Past"". In October 2002, American director Gary Winick was in negotiations to direct ""13 Going on 30"". It was also announced that Susan Arnold and Donna Arkoff Roth were producing

"Mark Ruffalo"
as his home. Mark Ruffalo Mark Alan Ruffalo (; born November 22, 1967) is an American actor, producer, and political activist who made his screen debut in an episode of ""CBS Summer Playhouse"" (1989), followed by minor film roles. He was part of the original cast of ""This Is Our Youth"" (1996). Following were his roles in ""13 Going on 30"" (2004), ""Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind"" (2004)"", Zodiac"" (2007) and ""What Doesn't Kill You"" (2008). In 2010, he starred in the psychological thriller ""Shutter Island"" and the comedy-drama ""The Kids Are All Right"". For the latter, he received

Mark Ruffalo Mark Alan Ruffalo (; born November 22, 1967) is an American actor, producer, and political activist who made his screen debut in an episode of ""CBS Summer Playhouse"" (1989), followed by minor film roles. He was part of the original cast of ""This Is Our Youth"" (1996). Following were his roles in ""13 Going on 30"" (2004), ""Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind"" (2004)"", Zodiac"" (2007) and ""What Doesn't Kill You"" (2008). In 2010, he starred in the psychological thriller ""Shutter Island"" and the comedy-drama ""The Kids Are All Right"". For the latter, he received nominations for the

"14 Going on 30"
was directed by Paul Schneider. 14-year-old Danny O'Neil (Gabey Olds) is madly in love with his teacher, Miss Peggy Noble (Daphne Ashbrook). Given the fact that she is engaged to the cold-tempered and vicious gym teacher, Roy Kelton (Rick Rossovich), who is nicknamed Jackjaw for his constant threat of breaking his pupils' jaws, Danny goes through his school days somewhat uninspired and suffers in silence. One day, he oversees his geeky friend Lloyd Duffy (Adam Carl), who happens to live next door with his uncle Herb (Harry Morgan) and aunt May (Irene Tedrow), growing fruits with an experimental growth accelerator.

younger version of Jennifer Garner by portraying the teenaged version of Jenny Perotti in ""Ghosts of Girlfriends Past"". In October 2016, it was announced ""13 Going on 30"" is going to Broadway in late 2017. The ""13 Going on 30"" soundtrack was released on April 20, 2004 from Hollywood Records. The album mostly contains music from the 1980s, but there is a handful of songs performed by contemporary artists, such as Lillix and Liz Phair. It was released on April 20, 2004 by Hollywood Records. The songs ""Breathe"" by Michelle Branch and ""Iris"" by the Goo Goo Dolls were featured

who has hit a double century in the ranji trophy for jharkhand in 2016

"2016–17 Ranji Trophy"
for the competition. The pink ball was used in the tournament, to help the BCCI make a decision on playing a day/night Test match. In October 2016 during the Group B fixture between Maharashtra and Delhi, Swapnil Gugale and Ankit Bawne playing for Maharashtra, set a record partnership total in the Ranji Trophy, with 594 runs. It was also the second-highest partnership in the history of first-class cricket. Two group stage fixtures, the Group A match between Gujarat and Bengal and the Group C match between Hyderabad and Tripura, were abandoned because of smog pollution. Initially, the BCCI rescheduled the

"Harbhajan Singh"
ahead and facing possible defeat if Australia could clean up the tail quickly. Harbhajan then scored 52, combining in a 107-run partnership with captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni to guide India out of trouble. India then successfully defended the target of 380 to win by 172 runs, with Harbhajan taking 4/64 including top-scorer Hayden and the final wicket. Harbhajan was the equal-leading wicket-taker for the series along with Ishant Sharma, taking 15 wickets at 28.86. He also scored 125 runs at 41.66, helping to prevent two defeats. The series also saw the end of Harbhajan's partnership with Kumble, who missed the

Harbhajan Singh Harbhajan Singh Plaha (; born 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar, Punjab, India), commonly known as Harbhajan or simply Bhajji, is an Indian international cricketer, who plays all forms of the game cricket. A specialist spin bowler, he has the second-highest number of Test wickets by an off spinner, behind Sri Lanka's Muttiah Muralitharan. He is the former captain of IPL team Mumbai Indians and Punjab for the 2012–13 Ranji Trophy season. Singh made his Test and One Day International (ODI) debuts in early 1998. His career was initially affected by investigations into the legality of his bowling action,

"Virender Sehwag"
Chennai, having reached 300 off just 278 balls, the fastest triple century in test history. Sehwag became only the third batsman after Sir Donald Bradman and Brian Lara to score 2 triple centuries in Test Cricket. He scored 257 runs the third day of the match, which was the most runs scored by an individual batsman on a single day of a Test match since 1954, when Dennis Compton made 273 runs on the second day of the Nottingham Test against Pakistan. He has a habit of making big centuries, with his last eleven centuries having all been over 150,

including two triple centuries and further three double centuries which surpassed Sir Donald Bradman's record of having seven consecutive centuries beyond 150. In the first test against England in Chennai in December 2008, Sehwag's rapid 83 off just 68 balls, in the last session of the fourth day, set India up for its record run-chase of 4/387, the highest successful target on Indian soil. He got the man-of-the-match award despite Sachin Tendulkar scoring an unbeaten century later in the same innings and Andrew Strauss scoring a century in each of England's innings. He has been noted for his record against

"2016 Indian Premier League"
new players could be added to the teams at the 2016 IPL players auction held on 6 February 2016. Virat Kohli scored the most runs in a single season over taking the record previously held by Chris Gayle and Michael Hussey who scored 733 runs in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The first six matches of the season recorded an average Television Viewership Rating (TVR) of 3.50, significantly less than the average TVR of 4.50 for the first week of the 2015 IPL season. It was the second lowest TVR recorded in the opening week of any IPL season, with only

"Anil Kumble"
won by 1–0. On 17 January 2008, in the third Test against Australia at WACA, Perth, Anil Kumble became the first Indian bowler and the third in the world to reach the milestone of 600 Test wickets. Kumble achieved the record just after the tea break when he had Andrew Symonds caught by Rahul Dravid at first slip. Kumble's 600 wickets came in 124 matches at an average of 28.68. Kumble has captured most number of wickets against Australia by an Indian bowler. Kumble is the third bowler after Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne to take 600 Test wickets. Kumble

"Ajit Agarkar"
from 1998 until 2009, when Ajantha Mendis achieved the feat from just 19 matches. Agarkar holds the Indian record of scoring the fastest 50 in ODI: he scored 50 off 21 balls. Agarkar also holds another ODI record, which is the quickest in terms of least number of matches played to take 200 wickets and complete 1000 runs. Agarkar achieved this feat in 133 matches breaking the previous record held by South African Shaun Pollock, who accomplished this feat in his 138th match. During India's 1999-2000 tour of Australia, Agarkar set a record of seven consecutive innings resulting in ducks

"Ravichandran Ashwin"
and Ashwin in 2013 was India's highest in Tests for the seventh wicket, beating the unbroken 259-run partnership between VVS Laxman and MS Dhoni against South Africa at the same venue in 2010. This was also the second-highest partnership for India against West Indies for any wicket in Tests. In 2016, Ravichandran Ashwin became first Indian to take 50 T20I wickets. He is the highest wicket-taker in Twenty20 International cricket for India with 52 wickets. On 23 August 2016, Ashwin grabbed his sixth Man-of-the-Series Award, surpassing the tie by Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag, and in only his 13th Test

"K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow"
broken the world record for an opening partnership for England by putting 150 on the board without loss at the end of the first day of the first Test against India in this stadium. The highest scores were made by India, scoring 511 all out and Sri Lanka 218 all out. The next highest score was also made by Sri Lanka scoring 174 all out in Test cricket. The most runs scored here was by Sachin Tendulkar (142 runs), followed by Navjot Singh (124 runs) and Roshan Mahanama (118 runs). The most wickets taken here was by Anil Kumble (11

"Hero World Challenge"
Lehman won the first event in January. The tournament then moved to December of that year Davis Love III won that event. It has been played in December ever since. The January 2000 event was played at Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona. From December 2000 to 2013, the event took place at Sherwood Country Club, a course designed by Jack Nicklaus, in Thousand Oaks, California. In 2008, Woods did not compete due to knee surgery following his 2008 U.S. Open victory, even though he was the two-time defending champion. He did not play in 2009 due to time spent

2013. In 2014, Hero MotoCorp became the title sponsor. In 2015, the event moved to the Albany development in the Bahamas. The first World Challenge was televised by the USA Network and NBC Sports. It was then covered by USA and ABC Sports from 2000–2006. It has been televised by Golf Channel and a returning NBC since 2007. Hero World Challenge The Hero World Challenge is a golf tournament hosted by Tiger Woods, which takes place each December. It features a small number (currently 18) of top-ranked golf pros. The tournament is a benefit for the Tiger Woods Foundation. Initially,

Hero World Challenge The Hero World Challenge is a golf tournament hosted by Tiger Woods, which takes place each December. It features a small number (currently 18) of top-ranked golf pros. The tournament is a benefit for the Tiger Woods Foundation. Initially, the tournament had a 16-man field composed of the defending champion, the top 11 available players from the Official World Golf Ranking, and four sponsors exemptions chosen by the Tiger Woods Foundation. In 2008, the field was increased to 18 players, consisting of the most recent winners of the four major PGA tournaments, the top 11 available players

from the Official World Golf Ranking, the defending champion, and two special exemption players selected by the foundation. Prize money won by the players is not included in money rankings on any of the world's professional golf tours, but the tournament is recognized as an unofficial money event by the PGA Tour. Since 2009, the event offers Official World Golf Ranking points. In 2007 the total prize fund was $5.75 million, similar to many official PGA Tour events, which usually have fields of about 150 players. In 2014, the first prize was $1 million, and the total purse was $3.5

million. Woods usually donates his prize money to his foundation. Hero World Challenge tournament is preceded by a pro-am competition, in which professional golfers play with amateurs. Hero World Challenge pro-am is usually organized two days before the first round of professional play. ""Am-Am outing"" takes place on the first day, ""Official Pro-Am"" on the second day. The access to the pro-am competition is limited only to the tournament partners. The pro-am tournament is closed to public. The amateur participants of the 2016 pro-am included, for instance, Derek Jeter and Tino Martinez. In 2000 the tournament was staged twice Tom

away from golf related to personal matters. Woods returned to the event in 2010. In 2011, Woods won the tournament with a score of −10, defeating Zach Johnson by one shot. Woods made birdie on the final two holes to win; it was his first win in over two years, since the 2009 Australian Masters. It was called the Chevron World Challenge from 2008 through 2011. It previously went by the names Williams World Challenge and Target World Challenge. In 2012, new sponsor Northwestern Mutual was the presenting sponsor instead of a title sponsor. They became the title sponsor in

HeroRace
events for minors. Starting from 2018, the Little HeroRace has been brought back as part of the classical Race, held on a separate obstacle course. The first Winterhell Race, hosted by the Heroleague in the European Union, took place on January 20, 2018, at the Nürburgring race track in Germany. The event brought together approximately 1000 participants from a number of countries: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Russia, and several others. The Mubarizler event in Baku, Azerbaijan, was first held in 2017 at the training centre of the local Ministry of Internal Affairs. It has the same format as the classical HeroRace.

HeroRace
spanned 16 locations: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Vladivostok, Kaliningrad, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Crimea, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Samara, Ulan-Ude, Ulyanovsk, Tula, and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The events were attended by a total of approximately of 250,000 participants and guests. In 2017, the number of locations increased to 17: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Crimea, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Samara, Krasnoyarsk, Bryansk, Tula, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vladivostok, Grozny, and Baku. The events brought together roughly 400,000 participants and spectators. The plan for 2018 is to involve 13 host locations: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Vladivostok, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Tula, Samara, Crimea, Grozny, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. As of today,

"Hero thrill show"
at JFK Stadium (originally Municipal Stadium). When this Philadelphia landmark was torn down, the show moved first to the Civic Center, and then to the Convention Center. It has returned to its old home and is now performed on the grounds of the stadium complex on Broad Street in South Philadelphia. The past few years has shown a dramatic growth with the event blooming into a vast family affair with tens of thousand of fans enjoying a carnival, car show, concert, and fire works show. In 2006, the event raised $360,000 in scholarship money. 2011, is the 6th anniversary of

"Rally North America"
6380 2nd Drive Shop 6185 3rd Team Stressed Out!/Team Eddie 6075 Spirit of the Rally Team RAWRR Best Costume Team 38 Caliber Best Car Team Chillin Longest Distance Team Disgruntled Hard Luck Award Team Badillac 2018 Blue Ridge Rally was held 12 - 14 October 2018 with the beneficiary again going with the organization Concerns of Police Survivors. The route started in Parkersburg West Virginia and the teams stayed at the Historic Blennerhasset Hotel. The rally kicked off at 8:30 AM and went through the back roads of WV and visited some key checkpoints along the way. Day 1 ended

X-ray
the absorbed dose. X-ray X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×10 Hz to 3×10 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen who discovered these on November 8, 1895, who usually is credited as its discoverer, and

"X unit"
units, which are defined in terms of the wavelengths of the two most commonly used X-ray lines in X-ray crystallography: The 2006 CODATA recommended values for these units are: X unit The x unit (symbol xu) is a unit of length approximately equal to 0.1 pm (10 m). It is used to quote the wavelength of X-rays and gamma rays. Originally defined by the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978) in 1925, the x unit could not at that time be measured directly; the definition was instead made in terms of the spacing between planes of the calcite crystals used in

X-ray
X-ray X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×10 Hz to 3×10 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen who discovered these on November 8, 1895, who usually is credited as its discoverer, and who named it

"X unit"
X unit The x unit (symbol xu) is a unit of length approximately equal to 0.1 pm (10 m). It is used to quote the wavelength of X-rays and gamma rays. Originally defined by the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978) in 1925, the x unit could not at that time be measured directly; the definition was instead made in terms of the spacing between planes of the calcite crystals used in the measuring apparatus. One x unit was set at of the spacing of the (200) planes of calcite at 18 °C. In modern usage, there are two separate x

Radiation
with too little energy to cause damaging molecular excitation, and thus this radiation is far less hazardous per unit of energy. X-rays are electromagnetic waves with a wavelength less than about 10 m (greater than 3x10 Hz and 1,240 eV). A smaller wavelength corresponds to a higher energy according to the equation E=hc/λ. (""E"" is Energy; ""h"" is Planck's constant; ""c"" is the speed of light; ""λ"" is wavelength.) When an X-ray photon collides with an atom, the atom may absorb the energy of the photon and boost an electron to a higher orbital level or if the photon is

X-ray
than 1 micrometer. There is no consensus for a definition distinguishing between X-rays and gamma rays. One common practice is to distinguish between the two types of radiation based on their source: X-rays are emitted by electrons, while gamma rays are emitted by the atomic nucleus. This definition has several problems: other processes also can generate these high-energy photons, or sometimes the method of generation is not known. One common alternative is to distinguish X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength (or, equivalently, frequency or photon energy), with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10 m

X-ray
(0.1 Å), defined as gamma radiation. This criterion assigns a photon to an unambiguous category, but is only possible if wavelength is known. (Some measurement techniques do not distinguish between detected wavelengths.) However, these two definitions often coincide since the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes generally has a longer wavelength and lower photon energy than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei. Occasionally, one term or the other is used in specific contexts due to historical precedent, based on measurement (detection) technique, or based on their intended use rather than their wavelength or source. Thus, gamma-rays generated for medical and

X-ray
produced. X-rays can be generated by an X-ray tube, a vacuum tube that uses a high voltage to accelerate the electrons released by a hot cathode to a high velocity. The high velocity electrons collide with a metal target, the anode, creating the X-rays. In medical X-ray tubes the target is usually tungsten or a more crack-resistant alloy of rhenium (5%) and tungsten (95%), but sometimes molybdenum for more specialized applications, such as when softer X-rays are needed as in mammography. In crystallography, a copper target is most common, with cobalt often being used when fluorescence from iron content in

"Electromagnetic radiation"
and B fields in EMR are in-phase (see math section below). An important aspect of light's nature is its frequency. The frequency of a wave is its rate of oscillation and is measured in hertz, the SI unit of frequency, where one hertz is equal to one oscillation per second. Light usually has multiple frequencies that sum to form the resultant wave. Different frequencies undergo different angles of refraction, a phenomenon known as dispersion. A wave consists of successive troughs and crests, and the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is called the wavelength. Waves of the electromagnetic spectrum

X-ray
if the intensity of the X-ray beam is high enough. The beamline from the wiggler at the ID11 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is one example of such high intensity. The measure of X-rays ionizing ability is called the exposure: However, the effect of ionizing radiation on matter (especially living tissue) is more closely related to the amount of energy deposited into them rather than the charge generated. This measure of energy absorbed is called the absorbed dose: The equivalent dose is the measure of the biological effect of radiation on human tissue. For X-rays it is equal to

Néstor Almendros – ""The Marquise of O"" (""Die Marquise von O..."")<br> 3. Michael Chapman – ""Taxi Driver"" 1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 11th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 4 January 1977, honored the best filmmaking of 1976. 1. All the President's Men<br> 2. ""Taxi Driver""<br> 3. ""The Memory of Justice"" 1. Martin Scorsese – ""Taxi Driver""<br> 2. Alan J. Pakula – ""All the President's Men""<br> 3. Éric Rohmer – ""The Marquise of O"" (""Die Marquise von O..."") 1. Robert De Niro – ""Taxi Driver""<br> 2. Gérard Depardieu – ""The Last Woman"" (""La dernière femme"")<br>

objet du désir"")<br> 3. John Travolta – ""Saturday Night Fever"" 1. Diane Keaton – ""Annie Hall""<br> 2. Shelley Duvall – ""3 Women""<br> 3. Jane Fonda – ""Julia"" 1. Edward Fox – ""A Bridge Too Far""<br> 2. Bill Macy – ""The Late Show""<br> 3. David Hemmings – ""Islands in the Stream""<br> 3. Maximilian Schell – ""Julia"" 1. Ann Wedgeworth – ""Handle with Care""<br> 2. Marcia Rodd – ""Handle with Care""<br> 3. Sissy Spacek – ""3 Women"" 1977 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 12th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 19 December 1977, honored the best filmmaking of

"53rd Academy Awards"
53rd Academy Awards The 53rd Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1980, were presented March 31, 1981, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. The ceremonies, which were presided over by Johnny Carson, were originally scheduled for the previous day but were postponed due to the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan. David Lynch's ""The Elephant Man"" and Martin Scorsese's ""Raging Bull"", with eight nominations each, had the most nominations of this year's films. Their nominations included Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Director. Michael Apted's ""Coal Miner's Daughter"" received seven nominations while ""Ordinary People"" and ""Tess""

"1977 Australian Film Institute Awards"
1977 Australian Film Institute Awards The 1977 Australian Film Awards ceremony, presented by the Australian Film Institute (AFI), honoured the best Australian films of 1976, and took place on 21 September 1977 at Regent Theatre, in Sydney, New South Wales. The awards were televised on ABC. Actors Keir Dullea and Karen Black, and former Australian Prime Minister John Gorton hosted the show. ""Don's Party"" won six awards including Best Direction and Best Actress. Other winners were ""The Picture Show Man"" with four awards, and ""Storm Boy"" with two awards including Best Film and the Jury Prize. Charles Chauvel was awarded

"Differential calculus"
The modern development of calculus is usually credited to Isaac Newton (1643–1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), who provided independent and unified approaches to differentiation and derivatives. The key insight, however, that earned them this credit, was the fundamental theorem of calculus relating differentiation and integration: this rendered obsolete most previous methods for computing areas and volumes, which had not been significantly extended since the time of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen). For their ideas on derivatives, both Newton and Leibniz built on significant earlier work by mathematicians such as Pierre de Fermat (1607-1665), Isaac Barrow (1630–1677), René Descartes (1596–1650), Christiaan Huygens

"History of calculus"
at the turn of the century, but after 1711 both of them became personally involved, accusing each other of plagiarism. The priority dispute had an effect of separating English-speaking mathematicians from those in the continental Europe for many years. Only in the 1820s, due to the efforts of the Analytical Society, did Leibnizian analytical calculus become accepted in England. Today, both Newton and Leibniz are given credit for independently developing the basics of calculus. It is Leibniz, however, who is credited with giving the new discipline the name it is known by today: ""calculus"". Newton's name for it was ""the

Calculus
and Newton are usually both given credit for independently inventing and developing calculus. Newton was the first to apply calculus to general physics and Leibniz developed much of the notation used in calculus today. The basic insights that both Newton and Leibniz provided were the laws of differentiation and integration, second and higher derivatives, and the notion of an approximating polynomial series. By Newton's time, the fundamental theorem of calculus was known. When Newton and Leibniz first published their results, there was great controversy over which mathematician (and therefore which country) deserved credit. Newton derived his results first (later to

History of calculus Calculus, known in its early history as infinitesimal calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently discovered calculus in the mid-17th century. However, both inventors claimed that the other had stolen his work, and the Leibniz-Newton calculus controversy continued until the end of their lives. The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can

social sciences, starting with Neoclassical economics. Today, it is a valuable tool in mainstream economics. History of calculus Calculus, known in its early history as infinitesimal calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently discovered calculus in the mid-17th century. However, both inventors claimed that the other had stolen his work, and the Leibniz-Newton calculus controversy continued until the end of their lives. The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a

Calculus
infinite sequences and infinite series to a well-defined limit. Generally, modern calculus is considered to have been developed in the 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Today, calculus has widespread uses in science, engineering, and economics. Calculus is a part of modern mathematics education. A course in calculus is a gateway to other, more advanced courses in mathematics devoted to the study of functions and limits, broadly called mathematical analysis. Calculus has historically been called ""the calculus of infinitesimals"", or ""infinitesimal calculus"". The term ""calculus"" (plural ""calculi"") is also used for naming specific methods of calculation or

"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz"
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (sometimes spelled Leibnitz) (; or ; ; – 14 November 1716) was a prominent German polymath and philosopher in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy. His most notable accomplishment was conceiving the ideas of differential and integral calculus, independently of Isaac Newton's contemporaneous developments. Mathematical works have always favored Leibniz's notation as the conventional expression of calculus, while Newton's notation became unused. It was only in the 20th century that Leibniz's law of continuity and transcendental law of homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non-standard analysis). He became one

be found in the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1820 BC), but the formulas are only given for concrete numbers, some are only approximately true, and they are not derived by deductive reasoning. Babylonians may have discovered the trapezoidal rule while doing astronomical observations of Jupiter. From the age of Greek mathematics, Eudoxus (c. 408−355 BC) used the method of exhaustion, which foreshadows the concept of the limit, to calculate areas and volumes, while Archimedes (c. 287−212 BC) developed this idea further, inventing heuristics which resemble the methods of integral calculus. Greek mathematicians are also credited with a significant use of

Calculus
be published in his ""Method of Fluxions""), but Leibniz published his ""Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis"" first. Newton claimed Leibniz stole ideas from his unpublished notes, which Newton had shared with a few members of the Royal Society. This controversy divided English-speaking mathematicians from continental European mathematicians for many years, to the detriment of English mathematics. A careful examination of the papers of Leibniz and Newton shows that they arrived at their results independently, with Leibniz starting first with integration and Newton with differentiation. It is Leibniz, however, who gave the new discipline its name. Newton called his calculus

Fermat developed an adequality method for determining maxima, minima, and tangents to various curves that was closely related to differentiation. Isaac Newton would later write that his own early ideas about calculus came directly from ""Fermat's way of drawing tangents."" On the integral side, Cavalieri developed his method of indivisibles in the 1630s and 1640s, providing a more modern form of the ancient Greek method of exhaustion, and computing Cavalieri's quadrature formula, the area under the curves ""x"" of higher degree, which had previously only been computed for the parabola, by Archimedes. Torricelli extended this work to other curves such

"Porter Airlines"
Porter Airlines Porter Airlines is a regional airline headquartered at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Porter Aviation Holdings, formerly known as REGCO Holdings Inc., Porter operates regularly scheduled flights between Toronto and locations in Canada and the United States using Canadian-built Bombardier Dash-8 Q 400 turboprop aircraft. Porter's operation at the Toronto airport was launched in 2006 with some controversy. Robert Deluce, who is now the CEO of Porter Airlines, proposed creating a regional airline using Bombardier turboprop aircraft to service major cities of Canada within the range of Toronto.

free flights. Porter Airlines Porter Airlines is a regional airline headquartered at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Porter Aviation Holdings, formerly known as REGCO Holdings Inc., Porter operates regularly scheduled flights between Toronto and locations in Canada and the United States using Canadian-built Bombardier Dash-8 Q 400 turboprop aircraft. Porter's operation at the Toronto airport was launched in 2006 with some controversy. Robert Deluce, who is now the CEO of Porter Airlines, proposed creating a regional airline using Bombardier turboprop aircraft to service major cities of Canada within the range

"Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport"
Police Service marine unit vessels and Toronto Fire Services fire boats (""William Lyon Mackenzie"" and ""Sora"") can provide rescue operations in the waters near the airport. Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is a small regional airport located on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The airport is often referred to as the Toronto Island Airport and was previously known as ""Port George VI Island Airport"" and ""Toronto City Centre Airport""; the latter is still found on legacy signs near the airport. The airport's name honours Billy Bishop, the Canadian World War I flying ace

Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is a small regional airport located on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The airport is often referred to as the Toronto Island Airport and was previously known as ""Port George VI Island Airport"" and ""Toronto City Centre Airport""; the latter is still found on legacy signs near the airport. The airport's name honours Billy Bishop, the Canadian World War I flying ace and Victoria Cross recipient and World War II Air Marshal. It is used by civil aviation, air ambulances, and regional airlines using turboprop planes. In 2016,

"Toronto Pearson International Airport"
Canada. Toronto Pearson is located northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the majority of the airport situated in the adjacent city of Mississauga, and a small portion of the airfield extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke. It features five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers . Pearson Airport is the main hub for Air Canada. It also serves as a hub for WestJet, cargo airline FedEx Express and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)

Toronto Pearson International Airport Lester B. Pearson International Airport, corporately branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport (also known as Pearson Airport or Pearson), is the primary international airport serving Toronto, its metropolitan area, and surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is the largest and busiest airport in Canada, the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in the Americas, and the 30th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic, handling 47.1 million passengers in 2017. The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and 14th Prime Minister of

The airport employs over 94 pieces of snow clearance equipment, including 11 Vammas PSB series and 4 Oshkosh HT-Series snowplow units, and 14 snow melters. Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility is the largest in the world, servicing about 10,500 aircraft each winter. The six de-icing bays can handle up to 12 aircraft at a time and take between 2 and 19 minutes per aircraft. Toronto Pearson handles over 50% of total international air cargo in Canada. The airport has three main cargo facilities, known as Cargo West (Infield), Cargo East (VISTA), and Cargo North (FedEx). The Cargo West facility (also

Regional Express Rail. This proposal would eliminate the Link Train connecting Terminals 1 and 3 with a bridge from the transit hub to Terminal 3 and another bridge connecting Terminal 3 to Terminal 1. Toronto Pearson International Airport Lester B. Pearson International Airport, corporately branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport (also known as Pearson Airport or Pearson), is the primary international airport serving Toronto, its metropolitan area, and surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is the largest and busiest airport in Canada, the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in the Americas, and

North facility is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express. The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport lands near runway 05/23, and is home to two buildings operated exclusively by FedEx with of warehouse space and a dedicated cargo apron. Pearson Airport has seven aircraft maintenance hangars, operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, Westjet, and the GTAA, which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections. The airfield's north end has numerous hangars for personal private jets and charter aircraft, along with passenger facilities and maintenance services for them. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority maintains

"Ontario International Airport"
outbound package delivery service from homes and businesses in the Inland Valley for delivery to destinations around the world. ONT serves as gateway for UPS' cargo flights to and from China. The Ontario facility sorts and distributes a majority of UPS international packages bound for delivery to the Pacific Rim. Four of the six direct weekly flights flown by UPS to China originate at the Ontario hub. Ontario International Airport Ontario International Airport is a public airport two miles east of downtown Ontario, a city in San Bernardino County, California, US, about east of Downtown Los Angeles and west of

"The End of the World (Skeeter Davis song)"
Aitken Waterman. A No. 2 hit in Sweden in September 1966 via a local cover by Mike Wallace & the Caretakers, ""The End of the World"" has also been remade by a number of other artists including Jessica Andersson on her 2009 album ""Wake Up"", Anika (as B-side to her single ""Yang Yang"" and on her album ""Anika""), Eddy Arnold, Best Coast, Debby Boone, Brilliant, Carola (in Finnish as ""Maailmain""), Chantal Pary (in French ""Le jour se lèvera), the Carpenters, Rivers Cuomo, Bobby Darin, Lana Del Rey, Barbara Dickson, Dion, Mary Duff, Allison Durbin, Judith Durham, Exposé, Agnetha Fältskog, Rosie

Flores, Emi Fujita, Girls, Nina Gordon, Herman's Hermits (as the B-side of ""I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am""), Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann (released on the b-side to Eurovision Song Contest winner song 1963; Dansevise), Satoko Ishimine, Joni James, Cyndi Lauper, Brenda Lee, Vic Dana, Lobo, Julie London, Claudine Longet, Loretta Lynn, Al Martino, Johnny Mathis, Anne Mattila (in Finnish as ""Maailmain""), Imelda May, Maywood, John Mellencamp, Anita Meyer, the Mills Brothers, Ronnie Milsap, Dorothy Moore, Mud, Anne Murray, Leigh Nash, Nomeansno, Patti Page, Helen Shapiro, Anne Shelton, Vonda Shepard, Nancy Sinatra, Sonia, the Tokens, Twiggy, Twinkle, Sharon Van Etten, the

The End of the World (Skeeter Davis song) ""The End of the World"" is a country pop song written by composer Arthur Kent and lyricist Sylvia Dee, who often worked as a team. They wrote the song for American singer Skeeter Davis, and her recording of it was highly successful in the early 1960s. It spawned many cover versions. ""The End of the World"" is a sad song about the aftermath of a romantic breakup. Dee, the lyricist, said she drew on her sorrow from her father's death to set the mood for the song. Davis recorded her version with

member, Wu Yanwen (吳燕文), and performed by SNH48 themselves in 2015. Cyndi Lauper covered the song in 2016, the cover is part of the album Detour. The End of the World (Skeeter Davis song) ""The End of the World"" is a country pop song written by composer Arthur Kent and lyricist Sylvia Dee, who often worked as a team. They wrote the song for American singer Skeeter Davis, and her recording of it was highly successful in the early 1960s. It spawned many cover versions. ""The End of the World"" is a sad song about the aftermath of a romantic

sound engineer Bill Porter on June 8, 1962, at the RCA Studios in Nashville, produced by Chet Atkins, and featuring Floyd Cramer. Released by RCA Records in December 1962, ""The End of the World"" peaked in March 1963 at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 (behind ""Our Day Will Come"" by Ruby & the Romantics), No. 2 on the Billboard country singles, No. 1 on Billboard's easy listening, and No. 4 on Billboard's rhythm and blues. It is the first, and, to date, only time that a song cracked the Top 10 on all four Billboard charts. ""Billboard"" ranked

Vanguards, Bobby Vinton, Jeff Walker, Dottie West, Lena Zavaroni, and Tracy Huang (黃鶯鶯). In 2009 Susan Boyle remade ""The End of the World"" for her debut album, ""I Dreamed a Dream"". Herman's Hermits covered the song. It was released in June 1965 as the B-Side to I'm Henry The VIII, I Am. Anna-Lena Löfgren recorded the song in Swedish, as ""Allt är förbi"", scoring a Svensktoppen hit for seven weeks between 9 October–19 November 1966. A cover version by Allison Paige peaked at number 72 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in May 2000. The Brazilian band

"The End (Earl Grant song)"
The End (Earl Grant song) ""The End"" is a song (music by Jimmy Krondes and lyrics by Sid Jacobson) which was released (in the United States) as a 1958 single by Earl Grant. Grant's single on the Decca label, featured Charles ""Bud"" Dant on orchestra; some pressings of the single were shown with the title ""(At) The End (Of A Rainbow)"". The single was Grant's only entry into the U.S. Top 40, and spent 19 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 reaching No. 7, while reaching No. 16 on ""Billboard""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s ""Hot R&B Sides"". Grant also released a German version of

"Skeeter Davis"
Skeeter Davis Skeeter Davis (born Mary Frances Penick; December 30, 1931September 19, 2004) was an American country music singer who sang crossover pop music songs including 1962's ""The End of the World"". She started out as part of the Davis Sisters as a teenager in the late 1940s, eventually landing on RCA Victor. In the late 1950s, she became a solo star. One of the first women to achieve major stardom in the country music field as a solo vocalist, she was an acknowledged influence on Tammy Wynette and Dolly Parton and was hailed as an ""extraordinary country/pop singer"" by

"To the End of the Earth"
To the End of the Earth ""To the End of the Earth"" is a song recorded by Australian singer Jessica Mauboy. The song was digitally released on 17 July 2013, as the lead single from Mauboy's third studio album ""Beautiful"". It was written by Mauboy, Jaden Michaels, Ben Berger and Ryan McMahon, and produced by the latter two. The uptempo dance-pop song received positive reviews from critics, who commended the production. ""To the End of the Earth"" peaked at number 21 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 35,000

"It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"
It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine) ""It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"" is a song by American rock band R.E.M., which first appeared on their 1987 album ""Document"". It was released as a single in November 1987, reaching No. 69 in the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and later reaching No. 39 on the UK Singles Chart on its re-release in December 1991. The song originated from a previously unreleased song called ""PSA"" (""Public Service Announcement""); the two are very similar in melody and tempo.

"Geocentric model"
that both Venus and Mercury went around the Sun rather than the Earth, but this is no longer accepted. Martianus Capella definitely put Mercury and Venus in orbit around the Sun. Aristarchus of Samos was the most radical. He wrote a work, which has not survived, on heliocentrism, saying that the Sun was at the center of the universe, while the Earth and other planets revolved around it. His theory was not popular, and he had one named follower, Seleucus of Seleucia. In 1543, the geocentric system met its first serious challenge with the publication of Copernicus' ""De revolutionibus orbium

knew about Tusi's work or that of the Maragha school. Not all Greeks agreed with the geocentric model. The Pythagorean system has already been mentioned; some Pythagoreans believed the Earth to be one of several planets going around a central fire. Hicetas and Ecphantus, two Pythagoreans of the 5th century BC, and Heraclides Ponticus in the 4th century BC, believed that the Earth rotated on its axis but remained at the center of the universe. Such a system still qualifies as geocentric. It was revived in the Middle Ages by Jean Buridan. Heraclides Ponticus was once thought to have proposed

was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Some Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Biblical passages. Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism. The geocentric model entered Greek astronomy and philosophy at an early point; it can be found in pre-Socratic philosophy. In the 6th century BC, Anaximander proposed a cosmology with Earth shaped like a section of a pillar (a cylinder), held aloft at the center of everything. The Sun, Moon,

coelestium"" (""On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres""), which posited that the Earth and the other planets instead revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system was still held for many years afterwards, as at the time the Copernican system did not offer better predictions than the geocentric system, and it posed problems for both natural philosophy and scripture. The Copernican system was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, because it still used circular orbits. This was not altered until Johannes Kepler postulated that they were elliptical (Kepler's first law of planetary motion). With the invention of the telescope in 1609,

and planets were holes in invisible wheels surrounding Earth; through the holes, humans could see concealed fire. About the same time, Pythagoras thought that the Earth was a sphere (in accordance with observations of eclipses), but not at the center; they believed that it was in motion around an unseen fire. Later these views were combined, so most educated Greeks from the 4th century BC on thought that the Earth was a sphere at the center of the universe. In the 4th century BC, two influential Greek philosophers, Plato and his student Aristotle, wrote works based on the geocentric model.

17th century competition between astronomical cosmologies focused on variations of Tycho Brahe's Tychonic system (in which the Earth was still at the center of the universe, and around it revolved the Sun, but all other planets revolved around the Sun in one massive set of epicycles), or variations on the Copernican system. Johannes Kepler analysed Tycho Brahe's famously accurate observations and afterwards constructed his three laws in 1609 and 1619, based on a heliocentric view where the planets move in elliptical paths. Using these laws, he was the first astronomer to successfully predict a transit of Venus (for the year

Heliocentrism
Kepler had used an elliptical orbit to explain the motion of Mars. In ""Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae"" (1617–1621) he developed a heliocentric model of the Solar System in which all the planets have elliptical orbits. This provided significantly increased accuracy in predicting the position of the planets. Kepler's ideas were not immediately accepted. Galileo for example completely ignored Kepler's work. Kepler proposed heliocentrism as a physical description of the Solar System and ""Epitome astronomia Copernicanae"" was placed on the index of prohibited books despite Kepler being a Protestant. Pope Urban VIII encouraged Galileo to publish the pros and cons of heliocentrism.

the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution. In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope. With the observations of William Herschel, Friedrich Bessel, and other astronomers, it was realized that the sun, while near the barycenter of the solar system, was not at any center of the universe. While the sphericity of the Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman astronomy from at least the 3rd century BC, the Earth's daily rotation and yearly orbit around the Sun was never universally accepted until

According to J. L. Heilbron, informed contemporaries of Galileo's ""appreciated that the reference to heresy in connection with Galileo or Copernicus had no general or theological significance."" René Descartes postponed, and ultimately never finished, his treatise ""The World"", which included a heliocentric model, but the Galileo affair did little to slow the spread of heliocentrism across Europe, as Kepler's ""Epitome of Copernican Astronomy"" became increasingly influential in the coming decades. By 1686 the model was well enough established that the general public was reading about it in ""Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds"", published in France by Bernard le Bovier

of Samos's heliocentric scheme had centuries earlier necessarily placed the stars at least two orders of magnitude more distant. Problems with Ptolemy's system were well recognized in medieval astronomy, and an increasing effort to criticize and improve it in the late medieval period eventually led to the Copernican heliocentrism developed in Renaissance astronomy. The non-geocentric model of the Universe was proposed by the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus (d. 390 BC), who taught that at the center of the Universe was a ""central fire"", around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and planets revolved in uniform circular motion. This system postulated the existence

Delhi
terrorist attacks in Delhi in October 2005 and September 2008, resulting in a total of 103 deaths. Delhi is located at , and lies in Northern India. It borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south and Uttar Pradesh (UP) to the east. Two prominent features of the geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge. The Yamuna river was the historical boundary between Punjab and UP, and its flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods. The Yamuna, a sacred river in Hinduism, is

Delhi
the only major river flowing through Delhi. The Hindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi. The Delhi ridge originates from the Aravalli Range in the south and encircles the west, north-east and north-west parts of the city. It reaches a height of and is a dominant feature of the region. The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of , of which is designated rural, and urban therefore making it the largest city in terms of area in the country. It has a length of and a width of . Delhi is included in India's seismic

Delhi
Delhi Delhi (, ""Dilli""), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, the second-highest in India after Mumbai, while the whole NCT's population was about 16.8 million. Delhi's urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundaries and include the neighboring satellite cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad

Delhi
Professional Sports Teams from Delhi Government General information Delhi Delhi (, ""Dilli""), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, the second-highest in India after Mumbai, while the whole NCT's population was about 16.8 million. Delhi's urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundaries and include

Delhi
for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort ""dehali"". Some historians believe that the name is derived from ""Dilli"", a corruption of the Hindustani words ""dehleez"" or ""dehali""—both terms meaning 'threshold' or 'gateway'—and symbolic of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain. Another theory suggests that the city's original name was Dhillika. The people of Delhi are referred to as ""Delhiites"" or ""Dilliwalas"". The city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Examples include: The area around Delhi

Uttarakhand
of the most holy rivers in Hinduism the Ganges and Yamuna, originate in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand has long been called ""Land of the Gods"" as the state has some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for more than a thousand years, pilgrims have been visiting the region in the hopes of salvation and purification from sin. Gangotri and Yamunotri, the sources of the Ganges and Yamuna, dedicated to Ganga and Yamuna respectively, fall in the upper reaches of the state and together with Badrinath (dedicated to Vishnu) and Kedarnath (dedicated to Shiva) form the Chota Char Dham, one of Hinduism's most

"Bhagirathi River"
Bhagirathi River The Bhāgīrathī (Pron:/ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams (or source) of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and considered holy in Hinduism. In Hindu faith and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in hydrology, the other headstream, Alaknanda, is considered the source stream on account of its great length and discharge. The word ""Bhagirathi"" (Sanskrit, literally, ""caused by Bhagiratha"") refers to a mythological Sagar Dynasty prince who, to gain the release of his 60,000 great-uncles from the curse

"Uttarvahini Ganga"
Uttarvahini Ganga The term Uttarvahini Ganga is used to refer to places where the Ganges river has a northward flow. For the majority of its route, the Ganges flows in a generally southeasterly direction, from the Himalaya mountains in western Nepal to its delta emptying into the Bay of Bengal. However, there are several places where the meandering of the river leads to a northerly flow, which is considered auspicious among Hindus. Haridwar is a holy place of Hindus. ‘Hari’ terms belongs to Lord Vishnu and ‘Dwar’ represents door. Also known as Hari Dham. Here Ganga is ""Uttarayan"" for a

Ganges
empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganga is one of the most sacred rivers to Hindus. It is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. It is worshipped in Hinduism and personified as the goddess Gaṅgā. It has also been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Bikrampur, Dhaka,Sonargaon, Rajshahi, Kannauj, Kampilya, Kara, Prayag or Allahabad, Kashi, Pataliputra or Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Nabadwip, Saptagram and Kolkata) located on its banks. The Ganges is highly polluted. Pollution threatens not only

Ganges
the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers in the town of Devprayag in the Garhwal division of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the source in Hindu culture and mythology, although the Alaknanda is longer, and, therefore, hydrologically the source stream. The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snowmelt from peaks such as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gomukh, at an elevation of , being mythologically referred to as, residing in the matted locks of Shiva, symbolically Tapovan, being a meadow of ethereal

"1939 New York World's Fair"
Czechoslovakia, for example, did not reopen for the 1940 season. Also on July 4 that same year, two New York City Police Department officers were killed by a blast while investigating a time bomb left at the British Pavilion. The bombing has never been solved, but there is evidence that bombing was an inside job by William Stephenson, a British agent based in New York. Countries under the thumb of the Axis powers in Europe in 1940 like Poland, Czechoslovakia, and France ran their pavilions with a special nationalistic pride. The only major world power that did not participate for

exhibit at the RCA pavilion, visitors could see themselves on television. There were also television demonstrations at the General Electric and Westinghouse pavilions. During this formal introduction at the fair, television sets became available for public purchase at various stores in the New York City area. After Albert Einstein gave a speech discussed cosmic rays, the fair's lights were ceremonially lit. Dignitaries received a special Opening Day Program which contained their names written in Braille. One of the first exhibits to receive attention was the Westinghouse Time Capsule, which was not to be opened for 5,000 years (the year 6939).

spectacular live drama re-enacting the birth and growth of railroads. It had music by Kurt Weil and choreography by Bill Matons. In addition to the show, there were important historical objects on display by the various railroads and manufacturing companies, such as the ""Tom Thumb"" engine. The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) had its S1 engine on display, mounted on rollers under the driver wheels and running continuously at all day long. The British London Midland & Scottish Railway sent their Coronation Scot express train with a locomotive LMS Princess Coronation Class 6229 ""Duchess of Hamilton"", (disguised as sister locomotive 6220 ""Coronation""),

world of tomorrow"". According to the official pamphlet: Within six months of the Fair's opening, World War II began, a war that lasted six years and resulted in the deaths of 50-85 million people. In 1935, at the height of the Great Depression, a group of New York City businessmen decided to create an international exposition to lift the city and the country out of its economic woes. Not long after, these men formed the New York World's Fair Corporation, whose office was placed on one of the higher floors in the Empire State Building. The NYWFC, which elected former

the fair. On April 30, 1939, the opening ceremony and President Roosevelt's speech were seen on black and white television sets with 5 to 12-inch tubes. NBC used the event to inaugurate regularly scheduled television broadcasts in New York City over their station W2XBS (now WNBC). An estimated 1,000 people viewed the Roosevelt telecast on about 200 television sets scattered throughout the New York metropolitan area. In order to convince skeptical visitors that the television sets were not a trick, one set was made with a transparent case so that the internal components could be seen. As part of the

Florida. The Japanese pavilion was designed by the Japanese-American architect Yasuo Matsui to resemble a traditional Shinto shrine, set within a Japanese garden. It offered tea ceremony and Japanese flower arrangement exhibits. The interior had a ""Diplomat room"", which featured a reproduction of the Liberty Bell made out of Japanese pearls and diamonds, worth $1 million. This room also featured a photomontage mural across which was written the motto """"Dedicated to Eternal Peace and Friendship between America and Japan"""". Japan and the US went to war on 8 December 1941, a year after the exhibition closed. The interior of the

common in the following decades. These technologies included the introduction of the first fluorescent light and fixture. General Electric Corporation held the patent to the fluorescent light bulb at the time. Approximately a year later, the original three major corporations, Lightolier, Artcraft Fluorescent Lighting Corporation, and Globe Lighting, located mostly in the New York City region, began wide-scale manufacturing in the US of the fluorescent light fixture. Another theme of the fair was the emerging new middle class, leading a hoped-for recovery from the Great Depression. The fair promoted the ""Middleton Family""—Babs, Bud, and their parents—who appeared in ads showing

Westinghouse also featured ""Elektro the Moto-Man"": the tall robot that talked, differentiated colors, and even ""smoked"" cigarettes. On July 3, 1940, the fair hosted ""Superman Day"". Notable was the crowning of the ""Super-Boy and Super-Girl of the Day"" following an athletic contest, and a public appearance by Superman, played by an unidentified man. Broadway actor Ray Middleton, who served as a judge for the contest, is often credited with having appeared in the Superman costume on Superman Day, but he did not; however, he may have played Superman during a live radio broadcast from the scene. Although the unknown man

version of Smell-O-Vision) were introduced at the Fair. Other exhibits included Vermeer's painting ""The Milkmaid"" from the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, a streamlined pencil sharpener, a diner (still in operation as the White Mana in Jersey City, New Jersey), a futuristic car-based city by General Motors, and early televisions. There was also a huge globe/planetarium located near the center of the fair. Bell Labs' Voder, a keyboard-operated speech synthesizer, was demonstrated at the Fair. The fair was divided into differently themed zones, such as the Transportation Zone, the Communications and Business Systems Zone, the Food Zone, the Government Zone, and so

and other facilities along the Avenue of Pioneers were in a progression of blues, starting with pale tints and ending in deep ultramarine. At night, with the latest in lighting technology switched on, the effect was felt by many visitors to be a magical experience. Outdoor public lighting was at the time of a very limited and pedestrian nature, perhaps consisting of simple incandescent pole lamps in a city and nothing in the country. Electrification was still relatively new and had not reached everywhere in the US. The fair was the first public demonstration of several lighting technologies that became

krypton-85 decays by emission of a beta particle. the product of this decay is

"Beta decay"
in the Feynman diagram on the right), this is caused by the conversion of the negatively charged (− e) down quark to the positively charged (+ e) up quark by emission of a boson; the boson subsequently decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino: In decay, or ""positron emission"", the weak interaction converts an atomic nucleus into a nucleus with atomic number decreased by one, while emitting a positron () and an electron neutrino (). decay generally occurs in proton-rich nuclei. The generic equation is: This may be considered as the decay of a proton inside the nucleus to

in the nucleus, transforming it into a neutron, and an electron neutrino is released. The two types of beta decay are known as ""beta minus"" and ""beta plus"". In beta minus (β) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino; while in beta plus (β) decay, a proton is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron and an electron neutrino. β decay is also known as positron emission. Beta decay conserves a quantum number known as the lepton number, or the number of electrons and their associated

recognition of their theoretical work, Lee and Yang were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957. In decay, the weak interaction converts an atomic nucleus into a nucleus with atomic number increased by one, while emitting an electron () and an electron antineutrino (). decay generally occurs in neutron-rich nuclei. The generic equation is: where and are the mass number and atomic number of the decaying nucleus, and X and X' are the initial and final elements, respectively. Another example is when the free neutron () decays by decay into a proton (): At the fundamental level (as depicted

Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay (""β""-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission), thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable

a neutron by converting an up quark into a down quark resulting in the emission of a or the absorption of a . In all cases where decay (positron emission) of a nucleus is allowed energetically, so too is electron capture allowed. This is a process during which a nucleus captures one of its atomic electrons, resulting in the emission of a neutrino: An example of electron capture is one of the decay modes of krypton-81 into bromine-81: All emitted neutrinos are of the same energy. In proton-rich nuclei where the energy difference between the initial and final states is

non-conservation (see History), it was found that, in beta decay, electrons are emitted mostly with negative helicity, i.e., they move, naively speaking, like left-handed screws driven into a material (they have negative longitudinal polarization). Conversely, positrons have mostly positive helicity, i.e., they move like right-handed screws. Neutrinos (emitted in positron decay) have positive helicity, while antineutrinos (emitted in electron decay) have negative helicity. The higher the energy of the particles, the higher their polarization. Beta decays can be classified according to the angular momentum (-value) and total spin (-value) of the emitted radiation. Since total angular momentum must be conserved,

new chemical element in a process known as nuclear transmutation. This new element has an unchanged mass number , but an atomic number that is increased by one. As in all nuclear decays, the decaying element (in this case ) is known as the ""parent nuclide"" while the resulting element (in this case ) is known as the ""daughter nuclide"". An example of positron emission (β decay) is the decay of magnesium-23 into sodium-23 with a half-life of about 11.3 s: β decay also results in nuclear transmutation, with the resulting element having an atomic number that is decreased by

neutrinos (other leptons are the muon and tau particles). These particles have lepton number +1, while their antiparticles have lepton number −1. Since a proton or neutron has lepton number zero, β decay (a positron, or antielectron) must be accompanied with an electron neutrino, while β decay (an electron) must be accompanied by an electron antineutrino. An example of electron emission (β decay) is the decay of carbon-14 into nitrogen-14 with a half-life of about 5,730 years: Or for example the decay of hydrogen-3 (tritium) into helium-3 which is stable: In this form of decay, the original element becomes a

allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair. For example, a neutron, composed of two down quarks and an up quark, decays to a proton composed of a down quark and two up quarks. Decay times for many nuclides that are subject to beta decay can be thousands of years. Electron capture is sometimes included as a type of beta decay, because the basic nuclear process, mediated by the weak force, is the same. In electron capture, an inner atomic electron is captured by a proton

so the number of individual quarks doesn't change. It is only the baryon flavor that changes, here labelled as the isospin. Up and down quarks have total isospin formula_4 and isospin projections All other quarks have ""I"" = 0. In general so all leptons have assigned a value of +1, antileptons −1, and non-leptonic particles 0. For allowed decays, the net orbital angular momentum is zero, hence only spin quantum numbers are considered. The electron and antineutrino are fermions, spin-1/2 objects, therefore they may couple to total formula_9 (parallel) or formula_10 (anti-parallel). For forbidden decays, orbital angular momentum must also

"Even Stevens"
Even Stevens Even Stevens is an American comedy television series that aired on Disney Channel with a total of three seasons and 65 episodes from June 17, 2000, to June 2, 2003. It follows the life of the Stevens, a family living in suburban Sacramento, California, mainly focusing on the clashing personalities of its two younger children, Ren and Louis. The series was produced by Brookwell McNamara Entertainment and internationally by Fireworks Entertainment. It is often recognized as launching Shia LaBeouf's breakout career as an actor. The show also features fast motion photography, which it employs in every episode. The

"Nick Spano"
Nick Spano Nick Fortunato Spano (born March 16, 1976 in Los Angeles, California) is an American acting coach and former actor. Spano is best known for his role as Donnie Stevens in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Even Stevens"" and Disney Channel Original Movie ""The Even Stevens Movie."" His other television credits include ""7th Heaven"", ""Alias"", ""Over There"", ""Cold Case"", ""Strong Medicine"", ""Eve"", ""Monk"", ""Moesha"", ""The Wayans Bros."", ""Angel"", ""Beyond the Break"" and ""NCIS"", as well as co-hosting the syndicated game show ""Peer Pressure"" with Valarie Rae Miller. He attended Don Bosco Technical Institute in Rosemead, California, studying Construction Technology.

the middle of the second season. In several third season episodes there are subtle references to an advance in the timeline that puts Ren and her friends in the 9th grade and Louis in the 8th grade. Ren finally graduates in ""The Even Stevens Movie"". Shia LaBeouf and Christy Carlson Romano are the only two actors to appear in all 65 episodes of the ""Even Stevens"" series. The series reran on Disney Channel from June 2, 2003 to September 4, 2006. On July 2, 2007, Disney Channel aired eight episodes as part of their ""Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Louis""

in Australia and New Zealand on July 25, 2006. To date, further seasons have not been released on region 4. Region 1 has not released any season of the series; however, the television film, ""The Even Stevens Movie"", was made available on June 28, 2005. Even Stevens Even Stevens is an American comedy television series that aired on Disney Channel with a total of three seasons and 65 episodes from June 17, 2000, to June 2, 2003. It follows the life of the Stevens, a family living in suburban Sacramento, California, mainly focusing on the clashing personalities of its two

"Shia LaBeouf"
bullshit wayin a very real way. I could have just said the prayers that were on the page. But it was a real thing that really saved me"". Shia LaBeouf Shia Saide LaBeouf (; born June 11, 1986) is an American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker. He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series ""Even Stevens"", a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003. He made his film debut in ""The Christmas Path"" (1998). In 2004, he made his directorial debut

He is currently an acting teacher for the John Robert Powers acting agency. Nick Spano Nick Fortunato Spano (born March 16, 1976 in Los Angeles, California) is an American acting coach and former actor. Spano is best known for his role as Donnie Stevens in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Even Stevens"" and Disney Channel Original Movie ""The Even Stevens Movie."" His other television credits include ""7th Heaven"", ""Alias"", ""Over There"", ""Cold Case"", ""Strong Medicine"", ""Eve"", ""Monk"", ""Moesha"", ""The Wayans Bros."", ""Angel"", ""Beyond the Break"" and ""NCIS"", as well as co-hosting the syndicated game show ""Peer Pressure"" with Valarie Rae

"Fred Meyers"
acting role was in the 2007 film ""Hallowed Ground"". He currently lives in Midland, Texas. The years after retiring from acting, Meyers is now a paramedic. Fred Meyers Fred Meyers (born August 8, 1983 in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas) is an American retired actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Tom Gribalski in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Even Stevens"" and the follow-up Disney Channel Original Movie ""The Even Stevens Movie"". He also co-starred the 2001 film ""Suspended Animation"" and opposite Hilary Duff in the 2004 film ""Raise Your Voice"". Meyers also guest starred in the television series

Fred Meyers Fred Meyers (born August 8, 1983 in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas) is an American retired actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Tom Gribalski in the Disney Channel Original Series ""Even Stevens"" and the follow-up Disney Channel Original Movie ""The Even Stevens Movie"". He also co-starred the 2001 film ""Suspended Animation"" and opposite Hilary Duff in the 2004 film ""Raise Your Voice"". Meyers also guest starred in the television series ""7th Heaven"", ""The Handler"", ""That's So Raven"" episode ""Fur Better or Worse"" (2006), as well as appearing in the 2005 film ""Dirty Deeds"". His last professional

"The Even Stevens Movie"
The Even Stevens Movie The Even Stevens Movie is a 2003 American Disney Channel Original Movie that is based on the Disney Channel Original Series ""Even Stevens"". It premiered on June 13, 2003, serving as the series finale. The movie drew an audience of 5.1 million viewers. Louis ruins Ren's junior high graduation after he plays a prank on Coach Tugnut. Meanwhile, Gil breaks up with Ren, so she takes a job babysitting Beans. After Ren and Louis get into a fight and accidentally hurt Miles McDermott, he talks the Stevenses and Beans into going on a vacation, which is

Shia LaBeouf Shia Saide LaBeouf (; born June 11, 1986) is an American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker. He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series ""Even Stevens"", a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003. He made his film debut in ""The Christmas Path"" (1998). In 2004, he made his directorial debut with the short film ""Let's Love Hate"" and later directed a short film titled ""Maniac"" (2011), starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi. In 2007, LaBeouf starred in

"Distribution of wealth"
start"". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, ""over 60 percent"" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans ""grew up in substantial privilege"". In 2007, the richest 1% of the American population owned 34.6% of the country's total wealth (excluding human capital), and the next 19% owned 50.5%. The top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 15%. From 1922 to 2010, the share of the top 1% varied from 19.7% to 44.2%, the big drop being associated with the drop in the stock market in the late

"Wealth in the United States"
the investor reaches age 59½. The effect of these tools are further limited by the contribution limits placed on them. Including human capital such as skills, the United Nations estimated the total wealth of the United States in 2008 to be $118 trillion. According to an analysis that excludes pensions and social security, the richest 1% of the American population in 2007 owned 34.6% of the country's total wealth, and the next 19% owned 50.5%. Thus, the top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 15%. Financial inequality was greater

households owning 87% of the wealth in the United States, which was $54.2 trillion in 2009. U.S. household and non-profit organization net worth rose from $44.2 trillion in Q1 2000 to a pre-recession peak of $67.7 trillion in Q3 2007. It then fell $13.1 trillion to $54.6 trillion in Q1 2009 due to the subprime mortgage crisis. It then recovered, rising consistently to $86.8 trillion by Q4 2015. This is nearly double the 2000 level. While income is often seen as a type of wealth in colloquial language use, wealth and income are two substantially different measures of economic prosperity.

than inequality in total wealth, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%. However, according to the federal reserve, ""For most households, pensions and Social Security are the most important sources of income during retirement, and the promised benefit stream constitutes a sizable fraction of household wealth"" and ""including pensions and Social Security in net worth makes the distribution more even"". When including household wealth from pensions and social security, the richest 1% of the American population in 1992 owned 16% of the country's total wealth,

Wealth
in 2008 to be $118 trillion in the United States alone. According to the Kuznet’s Hypothesis, inequality of wealth and income increases during the early phases of economic development, stabilizes and then becomes more equitable. About 90% of global wealth is distributed in North America, Europe, and ""rich Asia-Pacific"" countries, and in 2008, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 40% of world wealth, a number which falls to 32% when adjusted for purchasing power parity. In 2013, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 46% of world wealth and around $18.5 trillion was estimated to be stored in tax

"Wealth inequality in the United States"
American population owned 35% of the country's total wealth, and the next 19% owned 51%. Thus, the top 20% of Americans owned 86% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 14%. In 2011, financial inequality was greater than inequality in total wealth, with the top 1% of the population owning 43%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%. However, after the Great Recession which started in 2007, the share of total wealth owned by the top 1% of the population grew from 35% to 37%, and that owned by

of stocks and other financial and non-financial property, particularly homeownership. While these assets are unequally distributed, financial assets are much more unequal. In 2004, the top 1% controlled 50.3% of the financial assets while the bottom 90% only held 14.4% of the total US financial assets. These discrepancies exist despite the availability of many wealth building tools established by the Federal Government. These include 401k plans, 403b plans, and IRAs. Traditional IRAs, 401k and 403b plans are tax shelters created for working individuals. These plans allow for tax sheltered (or pre-tax) contributions of earned income directly to tax sheltered savings

as opposed to 32% when excluding pensions and social security. After the Great Recession which started in 2007, the share of total wealth owned by the top 1% of the population grew from 34.6% to 37.1%, and that owned by the top 20% of Americans grew from 85% to 87.7%. The Great Recession also caused a drop of 36.1% in median household wealth but a drop of only 11.1% for the top 1%. ""Note: The IRS specifically warned that changes in their definition of Adjusted Gross Income make it impossible to compare pre-1987 AGI with post-1987 AGI, so keep in

mind that comparisons should be in gross income or salary and not in AGI. When reading statistics, it behooves the reader to have this awareness."" According to the Congressional Budget Office, between 1979 and 2007 incomes of the top 1% of Americans grew by an average of 275%. During the same time period, the 60% of Americans in the middle of the income scale saw their income rise by 40%. From 1992-2007 the top 400 income earners in the U.S. saw their income increase 392% and their average tax rate reduced by 37%. In 2009, the average income of the

analysis. Household net worth fell from 2007 to 2009 by a total of $17.5 trillion or 25.5%. This was the equivalent loss of one year of GDP. By the fourth quarter of 2010, the household net worth had recovered by a growth of 1.3 percent to a total of $56.8 trillion. An additional growth of 15.7 percent is needed just to bring the value to where it was before the recession started in December 2007. In 2014 a record breaking net worth of $80.7 trillion was achieved. Assets are known as the raw materials of wealth, and they consist primarily

"Ready Player One"
announcement, when he discovers one of the three keys which unlock three successive gates leading to the treasure. Teenager Wade Watts lives with his aunt in Oklahoma City in the ""stacks"", a poverty-stricken district constructed of trailer homes piled on top of each other. He spends his spare time as a ""gunter"" (""egg hunter""), logging on to the OASIS as an avatar under the moniker Parzival, reading Halliday's journal ""Anorak's Almanac"", and researching details of the 1980s pop culture, mainly classic video games and movies, that Halliday loved. One day, he realizes that the first key is located on Ludus,

is facing, people turn to the OASIS, a virtual reality simulator accessible by players using visors and haptic technology such as gloves. It functions both as an MMORPG and as a virtual world, with its currency being the most stable in the real world. It was created by James Halliday who, when he died, had announced in his will to the public that he had left an Easter egg inside OASIS, and the first person to find it would inherit his entire fortune and the corporation. The story follows the adventures of Wade Watts, starting about five years after the

"Ready Player One (film)"
the interest of Nolan Sorrento, the CEO of Innovative Online Industries (IOI) who seeks to control OASIS himself. IOI uses a number of indentured servants and employees called ""Sixers"" to find the egg. Wade Watts is an orphaned teenager living in the slums, or ‘stacks’, of Columbus, Ohio, with his Aunt Alice. In the OASIS, his avatar, Parzival, is best friends with Aech, a virtual mechanic. One day, Parzival befriends Art3mis, a well-known Gunter, sharing a common interest in Halliday's history. They review Halliday's life from the Archives with help of its Curator. They learn Halliday had several regrets in

lab accident. Wade escapes and moves to Columbus, Ohio, where he lies low, assuming the pseudonym Bryce Lynch and living in an anonymous apartment designed for hardcore OASIS users. He considers an alliance with Aech, Art3mis, and Daito and Shoto, two Japanese gunters who have also earned the Copper Key. Instead, he and Art3mis begin a wary friendship, but when he asks her out, Art3mis declines. IOI operatives, called Sixers, attempt to assassinate Wade and Art3mis at the birthday party of OASIS co-founder Ogden Morrow. They are stopped by Morrow, who has special privileges and powers within the OASIS. Art3mis

media. The film was noted to have significant differences from the book; some critics said the film's plot was an improvement over the source material. In 2045, people seek regular escape from life through the virtual reality entertainment universe OASIS, co-created by James Halliday and Ogden Morrow of Gregarious Games. After Halliday's death, a pre-recorded message left by his avatar Anorak announces a game, granting ownership of OASIS to the first to find the Golden Easter egg within it, which is locked behind a gate requiring three keys. The contest has lured a number of ‘gunters’, or egg hunters, and

he announces that if he wins he will share his fortune with his three friends. With Sorrento and his Sixers on his heels, Parzival plays ""Tempest,"" role-plays King Arthur and various characters in ""Monty Python and the Holy Grail"", and retrieves the Easter egg in ""Adventure"". His victory grants him control of the OASIS, including wiping out his enemies' avatars, resurrecting his friends, and a Big Red Button that would wipe OASIS. Sorrento is arrested for the murder of Daito and for conspiring to kill Wade and the others. Back in Oregon, Wade and Art3mis, whose actual name is Samantha,

invited Cline several times to sign books and demo hardware. The Ready Player One: Oasis beta, developed by Directive Games Limited, was released on March 23, 2018 alongside the Steven Spielberg movie and consists of four experiences made for virtual reality headsets. The game is currently available for free on Steam and Viveport. ""Lacero"", a fan-fiction story by Andy Weir, was published in the 2016 edition of ""Ready Player One"". It follows the story of Nolan Sorrento and functions as a precursor to the main novel, and is considered canonical to the ""Ready Player One"" fictional universe. In 2015, in

the Solar Federation in the song ""2112""), and after playing ""Discovery"", the third movement of the song, finds a clue regarding the conditions to unlock the final gate. As he messages Art3mis, Aech, and Shoto with his solution, Sorrento ends their covert attempts to clear the third gate, Castle Anorak on planet Chthonia, and places a force field around it. Wade manipulates his assumed identity in order to be arrested and placed in indentured servitude in IOI's tech support department. While inside IOI, he uses black market passwords and security exploits to hack into IOI's intranet: he acquires a wealth

Broderick's character in the film ""WarGames"". Art3mis clears the gate shortly afterwards, as does Wade's friend Aech. Wade’s fame enables him to make a living by endorsing virtual products. It also brings him to the attention of Nolan Sorrento, head of operations at Innovative Online Industries (IOI), a multinational corporation bent on a well-funded effort to find the Easter egg in order to take control of the OASIS and monetize it. When Wade refuses to join IOI, Sorrento attempts to kill him by blowing up the stacks where Wade lives, killing his aunt and disguising the explosion as a meth

life, including his unrequited love for Morrow’s wife Kira and losing Morrow as a friend after forcing him to sign away his part of Gregarious Games. Using this information, they solve the first two challenges of Anorak's game: a car race across an ever-shifting Manhattan cityscape and a search for Kira in the Overlook Hotel from ""The Shining"". Aech and his friends Daito and Sho follow suit, the group becoming known as the ""High Five"" on the OASIS scoreboards. Sorrento learns of Parzival's identity through OASIS mercenary i-R0k, and attempts to sway Wade into joining IOI, but he refuses. In

"One of These Nights (song)"
One of These Nights (song) ""One of These Nights"" is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the American rock band Eagles. The title track from their ""One of These Nights"" album, the song became their second single to top the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart after ""Best of My Love"" and also helped propel the album to number one. The single version was shortened from the album version of the song, removing most of the song's intro and most of its fade-out, as well. Henley is lead vocalist on the verses, while Randy Meisner sings

"One of These Nights (Red Velvet song)"
One of These Nights (Red Velvet song) ""One of These Nights"" () is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Red Velvet. Composed by Hwang Chan-hee, Andreas Öberg, Maria Marcus and penned by Seo Ji-eum of Jam Factory, it was released as the lead single from their second extended play, ""The Velvet"", which is also the group's first major release to focus on the 'Velvet' half of their unique dual concept, as a follow-up to their last album, ""The Red"". ""One of These Nights"" is an R&B-Ballad inspired by the story of Jiknyeo and Gyeonwu, a folk tale conceived

"One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song)"
One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song) ""One of Those Nights"" is a song written by Luke Laird, Rodney Clawson, and Chris Tompkins and recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in November 2012 as the second single from his 2013 album ""Two Lanes of Freedom"" and his second one from Big Machine Records. Billy Dukes of ""Taste of Country"" gave the song three stars out of five, writing that ""McGraw certainly sounds refreshed on this new song from a new record label partner, but much like songs late in his career with Curb, it feels

"One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song)"
One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song) ""One of Those Nights"" is a 1981 single by UK pop group Bucks Fizz. Written by Steve Glen, Mike Burns and Dave Most, it was the group's third single and their third UK top 20 hit. The song was released in August 1981 and was the group's third single, following on from their win at the Eurovision Song Contest earlier in the year. The single reached No.20 in the UK Charts and remained in the top 75 for 10 weeks. ""One of Those Nights"" featured on the group's debut album, ""Bucks Fizz"", which

"One of Those Nights (Juicy J song)"
One of Those Nights (Juicy J song) ""One of Those Nights"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Juicy J. It was released on March 11, 2013, intended as the third official single from his third solo studio album ""Stay Trippy"" but it was subsequently removed from the final track list (appearing in the later released deluxe edition). The song features a guest appearance from Canadian singer The Weeknd, who co-produced it with Danny Boy Styles. On February 16, 2013, it was announced that the third single from his album ""Stay Trippy"" was to be ""One Of Those

high harmony (not lead) on the refrain. The song features a guitar solo by Don Felder that is ""composed of blues-based licks and sustained string bends using an unusually meaty distortion tone."" The song was a conscious attempt by the band to write something different from a country-rock and ballad-type song. Don Henley said: ""We like to be a nice little country-rock band from Los Angeles ... about half the time."" He added: ""We wanted to get away from the ballad syndrome with ""One of These Nights."" With Don Felder in the band now, we can really rock."" Frey said

"One of These Nights"
began working on their fourth album in late 1974. Glenn Frey and Don Henley wrote four of the nine songs by themselves, and they also collaborated with other members of the band on three other songs. Many of the songs were written while Frey and Henley were sharing a house in Beverly Hills, including ""One of These Nights"", ""Lyin' Eyes"", ""Take It To The Limit"" and ""After The Thrill Is Gone"". In an interview with Cameron Crowe, Henley joked that it was their ""satanic country-rock period"" because ""it was a dark time, both politically and musically"" in America, referring to

"It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)"
It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love) ""It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)"" is a song written by Tony Romeo and was recorded by The Partridge Family for their 1972 album, ""Shopping Bag"". The song went to number 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart and reached number 20 on The Billboard Hot 100 in 1972 . The song went to number 9 in Canada in January 1972, number 11 in the United Kingdom in February of the year, and number 25 in Australia in March 1972. The B-side to the single was ""One Night Stand"" written by Paul Anka

"One of These Days (Marcus Hummon song)"
One of These Days (Marcus Hummon song) ""One of These Days"" is a song co-written and originally recorded by the American country music singer Marcus Hummon on his 1995 album ""All in Good Time"". It was later covered by Tim McGraw, whose version is the fourth single from his 1997 album ""Everywhere"". It peaked at number two in the United States, and number one in Canada. This song contains the message of self-forgiveness by explaining three separate incidents as examples. The song's narrator first reflects on his admitted bullying of a child who was physically different from him and other

that they ""wanted 'One of These Nights' to have a lot of teeth, a lot of bite—a nasty track with pretty vocals."" The writing was influence by R&B music and disco; according to Frey, he was listening to Spinners and Al Green records when he started writing the song. Frey started the writing process by composing the music, and Henley then started with the lyrics. Frey said: ""I just went over to the piano and I started playing this little minor descending progression, and he comes over and goes, 'One of these nights'."" After that, Frey said: ""What usually happens

what type of energy do satellites generally use to communicate with earth

"Communications satellite"
Communications satellite A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There are over 2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, used by both private and government organizations. Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to carry signals. These waves require line-of-sight, and are thus obstructed by the curvature of the Earth. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of

regions: Region 1: Europe, Africa, what was formerly the Soviet Union, and Mongolia Region 2: North and South America and Greenland Region 3: Asia (excluding region 1 areas), Australia, and the southwest Pacific Within these regions, frequency bands are allocated to various satellite services, although a given service may be allocated different frequency bands in different regions. Some of the services provided by satellites are: The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The fixed Public Switched Telephone Network relays telephone calls from land line telephones to an earth station, where they

antennas such as Yagis or dish antennas. Due to launch costs, most current amateur satellites are launched into fairly low Earth orbits, and are designed to deal with only a limited number of brief contacts at any given time. Some satellites also provide data-forwarding services using the X.25 or similar protocols. After the 1990s, satellite communication technology has been used as a means to connect to the Internet via broadband data connections. This can be very useful for users who are located in remote areas, and cannot access a broadband connection, or require high availability of services. Communications satellites are

orbiters to send the data much faster than the landers could manage transmitting directly to Earth, which conserves valuable time on the NASA Deep Space Network. Communications satellites usually have one of three primary types of orbit, while other orbital classifications are used to further specify orbital details. As satellites in MEO and LEO orbit the Earth faster, they do not remain visible in the sky to a fixed point on Earth continually like a geostationary satellite, but appear to a ground observer to cross the sky and ""set"" when they go behind the Earth. Therefore, to provide continuous communications

the foundation of today's satellite communications. The idea behind a communications satellite is simple: Send data up into space and beam it back down to another spot on the globe. Echo 1 accomplished this by essentially serving as an enormous mirror, 10 stories tall, that could be used to reflect communications signals. There are two major classes of communications satellites, ""passive"" and ""active"". Passive satellites only reflect the signal coming from the source, toward the direction of the receiver. With passive satellites, the reflected signal is not amplified at the satellite, and only a very small amount of the transmitted

missions. A group of satellites working in concert is known as a satellite constellation. Two such constellations, intended to provide satellite phone services, primarily to remote areas, are the Iridium and Globalstar systems. The Iridium system has 66 satellites. It is also possible to offer discontinuous coverage using a low-Earth-orbit satellite capable of storing data received while passing over one part of Earth and transmitting it later while passing over another part. This will be the case with the CASCADE system of Canada's CASSIOPE communications satellite. Another system using this store and forward method is Orbcomm. A MEO is a

capability with these lower orbits requires a larger number of satellites, so one will always be in the sky for transmission of communication signals. However, due to their relatively small distance to the Earth their signals are stronger. A low Earth orbit (LEO) typically is a circular orbit about above the earth's surface and, correspondingly, a period (time to revolve around the earth) of about 90 minutes. Because of their low altitude, these satellites are only visible from within a radius of roughly from the sub-satellite point. In addition, satellites in low earth orbit change their position relative to the

energy actually reaches the receiver. Since the satellite is so far above Earth, the radio signal is attenuated due to free-space path loss, so the signal received on Earth is very, very weak. Active satellites, on the other hand, amplify the received signal before retransmitting it to the receiver on the ground. Passive satellites were the first communications satellites, but are little used now. Telstar was the second active, direct relay communications satellite. Belonging to AT&T as part of a multi-national agreement between AT&T, Bell Telephone Laboratories, NASA, the British General Post Office, and the French National PTT (Post Office)

track it. Its successor, Syncom 3 was the first geostationary communications satellite. Syncom 3 obtained a geosynchronous orbit, without a north-south motion, making it appear from the ground as a stationary object in the sky. Beginning with the Mars Exploration Rovers, landers on the surface of Mars have used orbiting spacecraft as communications satellites for relaying their data to Earth. The landers use UHF transmitters to send their data to the orbiters, which then relay the data to Earth using either X band or Ka band frequencies. These higher frequencies, along with more powerful transmitters and larger antennas, permit the

the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communications satellites use a wide range of radio and microwave frequencies. To avoid signal interference, international organizations have regulations for which frequency ranges or ""bands"" certain organizations are allowed to use. This allocation of bands minimizes the risk of signal interference. The concept of the geostationary communications satellite was first proposed by Arthur C. Clarke, along with Vahid K. Sanadi building on work by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. In October 1945 Clarke published an article titled ""Extraterrestrial Relays"" in the British magazine ""Wireless World"". The article described the fundamentals behind the deployment of artificial

Twitter
had 100 million active users logging in at least once a month and 50 million active users every day. In an article published on January 6, 2012, Twitter was confirmed to be the biggest social media network in Japan, with Facebook following closely in second. comScore confirmed this, stating that Japan was the only country in the world where Twitter leads Facebook. On March 31, 2014, Twitter announced there were 255 million monthly active users (MAUs) and 198 million mobile MAUs. In 2013, there were over 100 million users actively using Twitter daily and about 500 million Tweets every day,

"International Space Station"
""Zvezda"" added sleeping quarters, a toilet, kitchen, CO scrubbers, dehumidifier, oxygen generators, exercise equipment, plus data, voice and television communications with mission control. This enabled permanent habitation of the station. The first resident crew, Expedition 1, arrived in November 2000 on Soyuz TM-31. At the end of the first day on the station, astronaut Bill Shepherd requested the use of the radio call sign """"Alpha"""", which he and cosmonaut Krikalev preferred to the more cumbersome """"International Space Station"""". The name """"Alpha"""" had previously been used for the station in the early 1990s, and following the request, its use was authorised

was developed by the Ukrainian Khartron corporation in Kharkiv. ""Zarya"" was launched on 20 November 1998, on a Russian Proton rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81 in Kazakhstan to a high orbit with a designed lifetime of at least 15 years. After ""Zarya"" reached orbit, STS-88 launched on 4 December 1998, to attach the ""Unity"" module. Although only designed to fly autonomously for six to eight months, ""Zarya"" did so for almost two years because of delays with the Russian Service Module, ""Zvezda"", which finally launched on 12 July 2000, and docked with ""Zarya"" on 26 July using the Russian

International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011. The station is expected to operate until at least 2028. Development and assembly of the station continues, with components scheduled for launch in 2018 and 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye

core of the cancelled Mir-2 space station, the hull of ""Zvezda"" was completed in February 1985, with major internal equipment installed by October 1986. The module was launched by a Proton-K rocket from Site 81/23 at Baikonur, on 12 July 2000. ""Zvezda"" is at the rear of the station according to its normal direction of travel and orientation, and its engines may be used to boost the station's orbit. Alternatively Russian and European spacecraft can dock to ""Zvezda"" aft port and use their engines to boost the station. Destiny, also known as the U.S. Lab, is the primary research facility

the station's power-generating capabilities, more pressurised modules could be accommodated, and the ""Harmony"" node and ""Columbus"" European laboratory were added. These were soon followed by the first two components of ""Kibō"". In March 2009, STS-119 completed the Integrated Truss Structure with the installation of the fourth and final set of solar arrays. The final section of ""Kibō"" was delivered in July 2009 on STS-127, followed by the Russian ""Poisk"" module. The third node, ""Tranquility"", was delivered in February 2010 during STS-130 by the Space Shuttle ""Endeavour"", alongside the Cupola, followed in May 2010 by the penultimate Russian module, ""Rassvet"". ""Rassvet""

and external electrical cables using six miles of wire were installed in the ""Unity"" node. Prior to its launch, conical Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs) were attached to the aft and forward berthing mechanisms of ""Unity"". ""Unity"" and the two mating adapters together weighed about . The adapters allow the docking systems used by the Space Shuttle and by Russian modules to attach to the node's hatches and berthing mechanisms. ""Unity"" was carried into orbit by in 1998 as the primary cargo of STS-88, the first Space Shuttle mission dedicated to assembly of the station. On 6 December 1998, the STS-88

was delivered by Space Shuttle ""Atlantis"" on STS-132 in exchange for the Russian Proton delivery of the ""Zarya"" module in 1998 which had been funded by the United States. The last pressurised module of the USOS, ""Leonardo"", was brought to the station by ""Discovery"" on her final flight, STS-133, in February 2011. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer was delivered by ""Endeavour"" on STS-134 the same year. , the station consisted of 15 pressurised modules and the Integrated Truss Structure. Five modules are still to be launched, including the ""Nauka"" with the European Robotic Arm, the Uzlovoy Module, and two power modules

Water Recovery System, where it is recycled into drinking water. The ISS is partially protected from the space environment by Earth's magnetic field. From an average distance of about , depending on Solar activity, the magnetosphere begins to deflect solar wind around Earth and ISS. Solar flares are still a hazard to the crew, who may receive only a few minutes warning. In 2005, during the initial 'proton storm' of an X-3 class solar flare, the crew of Expedition 10 took shelter in a more heavily shielded part of the ROS designed for this purpose. Subatomic charged particles, primarily protons

and so he would have preferred the names """"Beta"""" or """"Mir"" 2"" for the ISS. Expedition 1 arrived midway between the flights of STS-92 and STS-97. These two Space Shuttle flights each added segments of the station's Integrated Truss Structure, which provided the station with Ku-band communication for US television, additional attitude support needed for the additional mass of the USOS, and substantial solar arrays supplementing the station's existing 4 solar arrays. Over the next two years, the station continued to expand. A Soyuz-U rocket delivered the ""Pirs"" docking compartment. The Space Shuttles ""Discovery"", ""Atlantis"", and ""Endeavour"" delivered the ""Destiny""

music video ever to be filmed in space. In November 2017, while participating in Expedition 52/53 on the ISS, Paolo Nespoli made two recordings (one in English the other in his native Italian) of his spoken voice, for use on Wikipedia articles. These were the first content made specifically for Wikipedia, in space. The assembly of the International Space Station, a major endeavour in space architecture, began in November 1998. Russian modules launched and docked robotically, with the exception of ""Rassvet"". All other modules were delivered by the Space Shuttle, which required installation by ISS and shuttle crewmembers using the

"History of the Australian Capital Territory"
– provided that a new national capital should be built at a site determined by Federal Parliament. It had to be within the state of New South Wales, but at least away from Sydney. The ""Seat of Government Act 1908"" fixed Canberra as the site of the new capital, and the surrounding region was formally ceded to the federal government on 1 January 1911. It was originally known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), adopting its current name in 1938. American architect Walter Burley Griffin won the competition to design the new city, and was appointed to oversee its construction.

capital. Early advocate for Australian federation, John Dunmore Lang, backed Sydney, but Henry Parkes, a prominent New South Wales politician and Premier, proposed the capital be founded on ""neutral ground"", nominating the town of Albury as a location. (Albury was located in New South Wales, yet its position on the Murray River placed it on the border between New South Wales and Victoria). In 1898, a referendum on a proposed Constitution was held in four of the colonies – New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Although the referendum achieved a majority in all four colonies, the New South

be presupposed that any potential federal government would be seated there. However, this started to change when, buoyed by the Victorian Gold Rush, Melbourne grew rapidly, and by 1860 its population had overtaken that of Sydney. The discovery of gold also helped to increase Melbourne's financial base, to the point where at one stage ""nearly 5% of all British imperial government revenue ... passed through [Melbourne's] port"". Thus Melbourne soon possessed both the size and the economic clout to rival Sydney and to command additional administrative powers. When Federation was first being discussed, views differed about the location of the

government committee, was responsible for modifying Griffin's winning design. He recommended a less elaborate and geometric shape, which Griffin opposed, saying that geometry was ""one of the raison d'etre of the ornamental waters"", but he was overruled. The new design was widely criticised as being ugly. The official naming of Canberra occurred on 1913, and construction began immediately. After official indecision over the plan, revisions and their implementation, Griffin was invited to Canberra to discuss the matter. He arrived in and was appointed Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction for three years. Bureaucratic wrangling delayed Griffin's work; a Royal

the settlement communities. The Ngunnawal people were subsequently often considered to be ""extinct""; however, in a situation parallel to that of the Tasmanian Aborigines, people with claims to Ngunnawal ancestry continue to identify themselves as such. However, there have been contemporary instances of dispute within the community itself over who is properly considered to be a member of the Ngunnawal people. The district's change from a New South Wales rural area to the national capital began with the debates over Federation during the 19th century. Prior to 1840 Sydney was the administrative centre for the colony, and thus it could

"History of Australia"
11 vessels under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip in January 1788. It consisted of over a thousand settlers, including 778 convicts (192 women and 586 men). A few days after arrival at Botany Bay the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. The colony was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Sydney Cove offered a fresh water supply and a safe harbour, which Philip described as being, 'with out exception the finest

"History of Australia (1788–1850)"
to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. The colony was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Sydney Cove offered a fresh water supply and a safe harbour, which Philip famously described as: Phillip named the settlement after the Home Secretary, Thomas Townshend, 1st Baron Sydney (Viscount Sydney from 1789). The only people at the flag raising ceremony and the formal taking of possession of the land in the name of King George III were Phillip

Cove to Parramatta and Toongabbie, but a building program, assisted by convict labour, advanced steadily. Between 1788 and 1792, convicts and their gaolers made up the majority of the population—but after this, a population of emancipated convicts began to grow who could be granted land and these people pioneered a non-government private sector economy and were later joined by soldiers whose military service had expired—and finally, free settlers who began arriving from Britain. Governor Phillip departed the colony for England on 11 December 1792, with the new settlement having survived near starvation and immense isolation for four years. On 16

to the appointment of the first resident magistrate on 1837 – Allured Tasker Faunce, who was also known as ""Ironman Faunce"" since his time as a magistrate at Brisbane Water. The magistrate oversaw legal matters and issued liquor licences to several establishments, the first being the Elmsall Inn on the Duntroon estate in 1841. A significant influx of population and economic activity occurred around the 1850s goldrushes, particularly the Kiandra rush of 1859–60. The goldrushes prompted the establishment of communication between Sydney and the region by way of the Cobb & Co coaches, which transported mail and passengers. The first

Canberra
the Governor-General of Australia—from the 1830s through to 1881. The oldest surviving public building in the inner-city is the Anglican Church of St John the Baptist, in the suburb of Reid, which was consecrated in 1845. St John's churchyard contains the earliest graves in the district. As the European presence increased, the indigenous population dwindled, mainly from disease such as smallpox and measles. The district's change from a rural area in New South Wales to the national capital started during debates over Federation in the late 19th century. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the

"Mexican Federal Highway"
Mexican Federal Highway Federal Highways (), are a series of highways, locally known as federal highway corridors (), built and maintained by the federal government of Mexico via the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (, SCT). Federal Highways in Mexico can be classified into high-speed roads with restricted access (usually toll highways that may be segmented, and are marked by the letter ""D"") and low-speed roads with non-restricted access; not all corridors are completely improved. Restricted-access roads, known as ""Autopistas"" or ""Supercarreteras"", are limited-access expressways with controlled points of access interchanges. Access to these roads is generally prohibited for pedestrians

and animal-drawn vehicles, as fences are located at the side of the road for most of the length. ""Autopistas"" are highways with four or more defined lanes. ""Supercarreteras"" are always two-lane highways and are most commonly found in mountainous areas. The maximum speed limit is normally for cars and for buses and trucks. In some cases, the maximum speed can be . Low-speed/non-restricted-access roads, known as ""Autopistas"" or "" Carreteras"", comprise the majority of the road corridors. ""Autopistas"" are divided highways with four or more lanes. Most of these ""autopistas"" are single-carriageway roads converted into dual carriageway by building an

"Transportation in Mexico"
trucks. The expressways are, for the most part, toll roads or ""autopistas de cuota"". Non-toll roads are referred to as ""carreteras libres"" (free-roads). Most toll expressways have emergency telephone booths, water wells and emergency braking ramps at short intervals. The toll usually includes a ""travelers' insurance"" (""seguro del viajero"") should an accident occur within the freeway. The tolls expressways are, on average, among the most expensive in the world, according to a comparative study realized in 2004 by the Chamber of Deputies. The most traveled freeways are those that link the three most populous cities in Mexico—Mexico City, Guadalajara and

adjacent road body next to the existing one. ""Carretera"" are free, and in most cases, two-lane highways that connect almost all of Mexico. These roads have interchanges at major roads, but most intersections are at grade. The maximum speed limit is for cars and for buses and trucks. North–south highways are assigned odd numbers, while east-west highways are identified by even numbers. The start of the numbering system is located in the northwest of the country. There are two exceptions to the numbering system: Mexican Federal Highway Federal Highways (), are a series of highways, locally known as federal highway

Monterrey—in the form of a triangle. No federal freeway or expressway crosses a city; toll expressways are either turned into toll bypasses (""libramientos"") often used as toll or free ring roads (""periféricos""), or are transformed into major arterial roads, even if they are, in function, freeways with restricted access. Mexican highways are assigned a one to three-digit number. North-south highways are assigned odd numbers whereas east-west highways are assigned even numbers. Toll expressways usually run parallel to a free road, and therefore, are assigned the same number with the letter ""D"" added. (For example, the undivided two-lane highway connecting Mexico

are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes. The highway network in Mexico is classified by number of lanes and type of access. The great majority of the network is composed of undivided or divided two-lane highways—with or without shoulders, and are known simply as ""carreteras"". Four or more-lane freeways or expressways, with restricted or unrestricted access are known as ""autopistas"". Speed limits in two-lane highways can vary depending on terrain conditions. The speed limit in multi-lane freeways or expressways is on average 110 km/h (70 mph) for automobiles and 95 km/h (60 mph) for buses and

Transportation in Mexico As the third largest and second most populous country in Latin America, Mexico has developed an extensive transportation network to meet the needs of the economy. As with communications, transportation in Mexico is regulated by the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation, (""Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes"", SCT) a federal executive cabinet branch. The roadway network in Mexico is extensive and all areas in the country are covered by it. The roadway network in Mexico has an extent of , of which are paved, making it the largest paved-roadway network in Latin America. Of these, are multi-lane expressways:

"Mexican Federal Highway 1"
two lanes. Construction was completed in 1973. Its official name is the Benito Juárez Transpeninsular Highway (). It is named after one of Mexico's most revered heroes. The road begins in the border city of Tijuana. It is bypassed from here to Ensenada by Fed. 1D, a toll road. Then, the road continues south past Maneadero. Much of it follows or passes near the route of Portola's march from Loreto to San Diego during the establishment of the Spanish missions in Baja California. Federal highway corridors in Mexico are generally designated with even numbers for west-east routes and odd numbers

"Mexican Federal Highway 1D"
it is four lanes wide. Due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, it is more scenic than Fed. 1 between Tijuana and Ensenada. There are three toll plazas along the highway that each collect 31 pesos per automobile. The first or northernmost toll plaza is located at km 5, within the city of Tijuana. The second toll plaza is located in Rosarito Beach, and the third and final toll plaza is located just a few kilometers north of Ensenada. On December 19, 2013, several small earthquakes occurred within the region, causing a section of Fed. 1D to collapse, falling

"Mexican Federal Highway 57D"
formally inaugurated by President Enrique Peña Nieto on February 27, 2017. The segment from Fed. 57D to Fed. 45 carries a toll of 56 pesos for cars, while the segment to Fed. 80 carries a toll of 49 pesos for cars. Both segments are maintained by META. The Libramiento de Matehuala opened on November 13, 2004. It is operated by OCACSA with a toll of 24 pesos for cars. The Libramiento Oriente de Saltillo entered service on December 12, 1992, followed by its southern extension to Fed. 57D near Puerto México, on the Nuevo León side of the state line,

"The Good Doctor (TV series)"
Romer serves as the primary composer for the series. He won an ASCAP Screen Music Awards for his work on the show. ""The Good Doctor"" began airing on September 25, 2017, on ABC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. Sky Witness acquired the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Seven Network airs the series in Australia. Wowow, the largest Japanese private satellite and pay-per-view television network in Japan acquired the rights to broadcast the series beginning in April 2018. In the Netherlands, the series began airing on January 29, 2018, on RTL 4 and on

its release, including over 22 million views on Facebook. The pilot was screened at ABC's PaleyFest event on September 9, 2017. On March 22, 2018, members of the cast as well as executive producers Shore and Kim attended the 35th annual PaleyFest LA to promote the series, along with a screening of the season finale of the first season. The series premiere earned a 2.2/9 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic, with 11.22 million total viewers, making it the most watched Monday drama debut on ABC in 21 years, since ""Dangerous Minds"" in September 1996, and the highest rated

the first as Alex, Morgan, Audrey, and Lea, respectively. In addition, it was announced that Chuku Modu would not return for the second season. In September 19, 2018, it was announced that Beau Garrett had left the series ahead of the second season premiere. Production on the pilot took place from March 21 to April 6, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Filming for the rest of the season began on July 26, 2017, and concluded on March 1, 2018. Filming for season two began on June 27, 2018, and is set to conclude on February 12, 2019. Emmy nominated Dan

at ABC after a previous attempted series did not move forward at CBS Television Studios in 2015; ""The Good Doctor"" was ordered to series in May 2017. On October 3, 2017, ABC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. The series debuted on September 25, 2017. ""The Good Doctor"" has received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with particular praise given to Highmore's performance, and strong television ratings. In March 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 24, 2018. The series

video-on-demand service Videoland. In Italy the series premiered on Rai 1 on July 17, 2018 setting a record of 5.2 million total viewers from 9.30pm to 11.45pm, reaching a share of 31,7% in the third episode and entering the Top 10 of Most Watched Foreign TV Series in Italy at No.5, an event since the leaderboard never changed again after the last entry in November 14, 2007 with an episode of House. In Brazil, the series was the first international production to be released at the Rede Globo's video-on-demand service Globoplay. On August 27 the two first episodes was aired

Monday drama in the 18–49 demographic in 8.5 years, since ""Castle"" in March 2009. Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 19.2 million viewers and set a record for DVR viewers with 7.9 million, surpassing the record of 7.67 million set by the pilot of ""Designated Survivor"" in 2016. According to ""TV Guide"" November 13–26 issue, the October 9 episode attracted 18.2 million viewers, beating out both high-rated CBS shows ""NCIS"" and ""The Big Bang Theory"" for the most viewed primetime show that week. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 60% approval

season of 18 episodes on October 3, 2017. On March 7, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season. On February 17, 2017, Antonia Thomas was cast as Dr. Claire Browne, a strong-willed and talented doctor who forms a special connection with Shaun. A week later, Freddie Highmore was cast in the lead role as Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism; and Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Dr. Neil Melendez, the boss of the surgical residents at the hospital. The next month, Chuku Modu was cast as resident Dr. Jared Kalu (originally Dr. Jared Unger); Hill Harper

at Globo free-to-air television network to announce the launch of the series in the streaming service. A full-length trailer was released for ABC's May 2017 Upfront presentation, which /Film's Ethan Anderton described the concept as feeling like """"House"" meets ""Rain Man"", that just might be enough to make it interesting"". However, he questioned ""how long can audiences be entranced by both the brilliance of [Highmore's] character's savant skills and the difficulties that come from his autism in the workplace."" Daniel Fienberg of ""The Hollywood Reporter"" felt the trailer was ""both kinda progressive and really dated"". He added, ""Too much felt

as head of surgery Dr. Marcus Andrews (originally Dr. Horace Andrews); Irene Keng as resident Dr. Elle McLean; and Richard Schiff was cast as Dr. Aaron Glassman (originally Dr. Ira Glassman), the hospital president and Shaun's mentor. Schiff was shortly followed by Beau Garrett as hospital board member Jessica Preston and a friend of Dr. Glassman. In September 2017, Tamlyn Tomita was promoted to the principal cast as Allegra Aoki. In April 2018, it was revealed that Will Yun Lee, Fiona Gubelmann, Christina Chang, and Paige Spara had been promoted to series regulars for the second season, after recurring in

a pediatric surgeon with autism was to be set in Boston and projected to air in August 2015. However, CBS did not pick up the project and it moved to Sony Pictures Television, with a put pilot commitment from ABC in October 2016. The series is developed by David Shore, who is executive producing alongside Kim, Sebastian Lee, and David Kim. ABC officially ordered the series to pilot in January 2017. On May 11, 2017, ABC ordered the show to series as a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, and it was officially picked up for a full

"Steptoe and Son"
""Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane"", written by Ray Galton and John Antrobus, brought the storyline to a close. The series was one of the first UK situation comedy programmes to employ actors rather than comedians in the principal roles. Galton and Simpson had decided that they wanted to try to write for performers who ""didn't count their laughs"". The series' title music, ""Old Ned"", won its composer Ron Grainer his second successive Ivor Novello award. The series had no standard set of opening titles but the opening sequences would often feature the Steptoe's horse, Hercules. ""Steptoe

"Minster Son"
Minster Son Minster Son (1985 – 30 August 2006), was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from late summer 1987 until September 1988, he ran eight times and won five races. He recorded his most important success when winning the Classic St. Leger Stakes as a three-year-old in 1988, ridden by his breeder, Willie Carson. In the same year in which he also won the Newmarket Stakes, the Predominate Stakes and the Gordon Stakes. He was retired to stud following his St Leger victory. Minster Son was a strongly-built chestnut horse with a white blaze

remaining of the iconic entrance gates through which the horse and cart were frequently driven. The episodes often revolve around (sometimes violent) disagreements between the two men, Harold's attempts to bed women and momentary interest over things found on his round. As in many of the best examples of British comedy, much of the humour derives from the pathos of the protagonists' situation, especially Harold's continually thwarted (usually by the elder Steptoe) attempts to ""better himself"" and the unresolvable love/hate relationship that exists between the pair. Albert almost always comes out on top, and routinely and effortlessly proves himself easily

"Swoon's Son"
Swoon's Son Swoon's Son (1953–1977) is an American Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. Foaled February 13, 1953 in Lexington, Kentucky, he was bred and raced by E. Gay Drake, owner of Lexington's Mineola Stock Farm and a charter member of the Thoroughbred Club of America. Ridden by jockey David Erb in all but one of his twenty-two stakes race wins, Swoon's Son set track records at sprint distances at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington and at Chicago's Arlington Park plus at distances of around one mile on both turf and dirt at Chicago's Washington Park Race Track and the Hawthorne

"Stockwell (horse)"
Stockwell (horse) Stockwell (1849–1871) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and a Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland seven times; he was second on the sires' list a further four times during a 14-year period. Stockwell was foaled in Stockwell, England, at the stud farm of William Theobald. His sire, The Baron was a successful racehorse and sire. His dam Pocahontas was a roarer – a trait never demonstrated in Stockwell himself, but passed to several of his descendants. Pocahontas later also produced the successful sires, Rataplan and King Tom. The chestnut was not a particularly pretty horse; he was

"The Horse and His Boy"
however, the prince will become a donkey permanently if he ever ventures more than ten miles from the Temple of Tash. For this reason, Rabadash pursues peaceful policies when he becomes Tisroc, as he dares not cross the ten-mile boundary by going to war. The victorious King Lune recognizes Shasta as Cor, the long-lost identical twin of Prince Corin and--as the elder of the two--the heir to the throne of Archenland. Cor was kidnapped as a baby in an attempt to counter a prophecy that he would one day save Archenland from its greatest peril, and Shasta's timely warning has

"Steptoe and Son (film)"
Steptoe and Son (film) Steptoe and Son is a 1972 British comedy drama film and a spin-off from the popular British television comedy series of the same name about father-and-son rag-and-bone dealers. It starred Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H. Corbett as the eponymous characters, Albert and Harold Steptoe respectively. It also features Carolyn Seymour. A sequel, ""Steptoe and Son Ride Again"", was released the following year. During a gentlemen's evening at a local football club, Harold meets one of the acts, a stripper called Zita. After a whirlwind romance the couple are married, although the actual wedding ceremony is delayed

"Bloomsbury (horse)"
a bay horse described as looking ""coarse"" but very powerful, standing 15.3 hands high, bred by Mr Cattle, a farmer from Sheriff Hutton. The colt was sired by Mulatto the winner of the 1827 Doncaster Cup who went on to be a good, but unexceptional sire. Bloomsbury's dam, Arcot Lass, was one of the few mares to produce two Derby winners: her son St. Giles had won the race in 1832. According to one account, the colt was acquired as a foal from his breeder by Robert Ridsdale, a professional gambler with a dubious reputation. When Ridsdale was forced to

Bloomsbury (horse) Bloomsbury (1836 –1861) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from May 1839 to July 1841 he ran ten times and won four races. His most important win came on his first racecourse appearance when he won the 1839 Derby. He went on to win important races at Ascot and Liverpool before his retirement after his five-year-old season. He was later exported to stand as a stallion in Germany. Bloomsbury's controversial origins were the subject of two formal objections and a court case which led to a crisis in English racing. Bloomsbury was

en zoon"" and in Portugal as ""Camilo & Filho"". In 1972, a film adaptation of the series, ""Steptoe and Son"", was released in cinemas, followed by a sequel ""Steptoe and Son Ride Again"" in 1973. The series focused on the inter-generational conflict of father and son. Albert Steptoe, a ""dirty old man"", is an elderly rag-and-bone man, set in his grimy and grasping ways. By contrast, his 37-year-old son Harold is filled with social aspirations, not to say pretensions. The show contained elements of drama and tragedy, as Harold was continually prevented from achieving his ambitions. To this end, the

their children Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington. The adventures of ""Rick and Morty"", however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car. Rick is an eccentric and alcoholic mad scientist, who eschews many ordinary conventions such as school, marriage, love, and family. He frequently goes on adventures with his 14-year-old grandson, Morty, a kind-hearted but easily distressed boy, whose

naïve but grounded moral compass plays counterpoint to Rick's Machiavellian ego. Morty's 17-year-old sister, Summer, is a more conventional teenager, who worries about improving her status among her peers and sometimes follows Rick and Morty on their adventures. The kids' mother, Beth, is a generally level-headed person and assertive force in the household, though self-conscious about her professional role as a horse surgeon. She is dissatisfied with her marriage to Jerry, a simple-minded and insecure person, who disapproves of Rick's influence over his family. Different versions of the characters inhabit other dimensions throughout the multiverse and their personal characteristics can

Fools' Day joke. The episode follows the events surrounding Rick Sanchez's incarceration at the Galactic Federation's prison and high-stakes bid to escape, with revelations that both reveal his true motives and character. Following its initial airing, ""The Rickshank Rickdemption"" received positive reviews, which generally favored the episode's character development and its surprise turn of events. During Rick Sanchez's incarceration, the Galactic Federation has colonized Earth and the Smith family attempts to cope with his absence. Summer exhumes the remains of alternate Rick in their backyard, intending to use his portal gun and rescue him. Morty, however, attempts to reveal Rick's

"Rick Harrison"
District, but dropped out during tenth grade. The Harrison family relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, in April 1981 after the collapse of his parents' real estate business. When Harrison was 17, his girlfriend Kim became pregnant. Despite a subsequent miscarriage, the couple decided to marry. Their first child, Corey, was born on April 27, 1983. Within two years, their second child, Adam, was born. Harrison worked for his father in the Gold & Silver Coin Shop, and even worked repossessing cars. Soon after Adam's birth, Harrison and Kim separated, with Harrison and his second wife, Tracy, assuming the responsibility of

first met at Channel 101, a non-profit monthly short film festival in Los Angeles co-founded by Harmon. At Channel 101, participants submit a short film in the format of a pilot, and a live audience decides which pilots continue as a series. Roiland, then a producer on reality programming, began submitting content to the festival a year after its launch, in 2004. His pilots typically consisted of shock value—""sick and twisted"" elements that received a confused reaction from the audience. Nevertheless, Harmon took a liking to his humor and the two began collaborating. In 2006, Roiland was fired from working

"Rick Deckard"
Detection Division (i.e. Blade Runner unit) of the Los Angeles Police Department. In both novel and film versions, he begins the story as a selfish, self-involved cop who seemingly sees no value in android life. In the novel, his experiences cause him to develop empathy toward androids and all living things. It is implied in the film that he had already begun to undergo this change prior to the start of the film, causing his original resignation some time (around May 2019) before its opening. Deckard is married to Iran, one of the more empathetic characters in the novel. She

"Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World"
couples—the titular Rick and Steve, Chuck and Evan, and Dana and Kirsten—as they live in the fictional gay ghetto of West Lahunga Beach and interact with their friends and family. The title is ironic, as all three of the main couples have typical ""couple issues"" — including Steve actively seeking a three-way with Rick and another man, Kirsten and Dana deciding to have a baby with Rick's sperm, and Chuck and Evan simply trying to be together despite a 31 year age difference between them. The show is noted particularly for its use of an adult-oriented and ""politically incorrect"" style

"Peyton Place (novel)"
in a car accident. Novelist Barbara Delinsky, author of the fictional ""Looking for Peyton Place"" (2006), summarized the storyline of ""Peyton Place"" on her website: ""Peyton Place"" opens in 1937. With the introduction of the small New Hampshire town and its characters, the social strata are clearly defined. Most noted among the well-to-do are Leslie Harrington, owner of the mill, and his spoiled son Rodney, the good-hearted doctor Matthew Swain and upstanding Seth Buswell, owner of the newspaper. The town's middle class is represented by the book's two main characters, Constance MacKenzie and her daughter Allison. The impoverished of the

"Open University"
three-hour papers), but an increasing number of modules instead have an EMA (End of Module Assessment) which is similar to a TMA, in that it is completed at home, but is regarded as an exam for grading purposes. Modules results are sometimes issued on a graded basis, consisting of pass grades 1 (threshold 85%, a distinction), 2 (70–84%), 3 (55–69%) & 4 (40–54%), and fail (below 40%). This grade is calculated as the lower of the overall continuous assessment score (OCAS) and overall examination score (OES). These grades can be weighted according to their level, and combined to calculate the

a Bachelor of Arts Open or a Bachelor of Science Open either with or without honours. Without honours, at least 150 credits at level 1 and above and 60 credits at level 2 and above are required in the field, either art or science, for the Open degree to carry that name. For a degree with honours, no more than 120 credits at level 1, 120 credits at level 2 and above and 120 credits at level 3 and above are required. The Open University grants undergraduate ""Certificates"" (abbreviated Cert) typically awarded after 60 completed credits at Level 1 or

and bachelor's degrees, based on both level and quantity of study. An OU undergraduate degree requires 300 (or 360 for honours) CATS credits. Students are generally advised not to undertake more than 60 credits per year, meaning that an undergraduate degree will take typically six years to complete. With the exception of some degrees in fast moving areas (such as computing) there is generally no limit on the time which a student may take. Students need special permission to take more than 120 credits (equivalent to full-time study) at any time; such permission is not usually granted. Originally the BA

a major assignment. As well as degrees in named subject, the Open University also grants ""Open"" Bachelor's degrees where the syllabus is designed by the students by combining any number of Open University modules up to 300 credits for an Open degree and 360 credits for an Open honours degree – the main restriction on which courses can be included is that there must be at least 60 at level 3 for the ""ordinary degree"" and 120 at level 3 for honours and in both cases no more than 120 at level 1. The Open degree may be awarded as

""Y163 Starting with Psychology"". 17,634 students received financial assistance towards their study in 2015–16. The typical cost for United Kingdom-based students of a Bachelor's honours degree at the OU was between £3,780 and £5,130 in 2009-10. From September 2012 the Government reduced its funding for all students residing in England and fees went up to compensate. English students pay higher fees than those living in the rest of the United Kingdom. The average cost of one full-time year or 120 credits rose to £5,000, bringing the cost of an average Bachelor's honours degree for an English student to £15,000. (European

As of 2014, the OU's youngest graduate was a fifteen year old boy from Wales who gained a BSc First Class Honours in 2014. The OU works with some schools to introduce A-Level students to OU study and in 2009–10 3% of undergraduates were under 18 years old. Unlike other universities, where students register for a programme, OU students register separately for individual modules (which may be 30 or 60 CATS credits (and formerly available in 10, 15, or 20 credits), equivalent to 15 or 30 ECTS credits). These modules may then be linked into degree programmes. During the 2009–10

"Comprehensive examination"
University of America, The University of Iowa, Maryville College, Occidental College, Reed College, The University of the South, Eckerd College, Millsaps College, Earlham College, Hanover College, Rosemont College, St. Anselm College, Shimer College, Whitman College, North South University and University of Dallas. Many degree programs require students to pass comprehensive examinations within colleges or universities that don't otherwise require them. The same is true for many schools and colleges within larger universities. These include Texas A&M-Commerce Honors College, The University of Virginia's Politics Honors Program, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Mass Communications program. In some terminal non-thesis Master's

"National Higher Education Entrance Examination"
choice questions with four options question 20 (5 scores) : non choice question question 21 (6 scores) : non choice question IV.writing (60 scores) question 22 (60 scores) : at least 800 characters I.choice questions (12 questions, 5 scores for each, 60 scores in total) question 1 to 12 : single choice questions with four options II.fill-in-the-blanks questions (4 questions, 5 scores for each, 20 scores in total) question 13 to 16 III.answer questions (70 scores in total) question 17 to 21 (12 scores for each) question 22 (10 scores) : Elective Course 4-4 (Coordinate System and Parameter Equation) question

has more students in this age range than any other UK university. In the 2003–2004 academic year around 20% of new undergraduates were under 25, up from 12.5% in 1996–1997 (the year before top-up fees were announced). In 2010 approximately 55% of those under 25 were also in full-time employment. In 2010, 29,000 undergraduates were in this age range. By 2011, 32,000 undergraduates were under 25 years old, representing around 25% of new students. The majority of students in the 2015–16 academic year were aged between 25 and 34 years old, with the median age of new undergraduates being 28.

"Early Entrance Program (CSU)"
the SAT that took place later in March of the same year. All four-year colleges and universities in the U.S. accept the ACT, but different institutions place different emphases on standardized tests such as the ACT, compared to other factors of evaluation such as class rank, G.P.A., and extracurricular activities. If the ACT is taken at one of two annual testings administered at CSULA, the applicant does not complete the writing portion. The applicants to CSULA's PACE program also take this test. To qualify for the EEP, an applicant must score 23 or higher on the Math section and 24

the first time since 1919, where a pregnant Hayley has also settled. Having originally built the city, they had been forced to abandon it when fleeing from their vengeful father. In their absence, Klaus's protégé, Marcel (Charles Michael Davis), took charge of the city. Klaus resolves that they must take down Marcel and get back the city that once belonged to them. While doing that they must also protect their city from a war brewing between vampires, werewolves, and witches. Over time, new and old friendships are formed, love is in the air, death surrounds them, and the Originals learn

vice president, James Prescott, is elevated to the presidency and orders military strikes against the three countries to continue. Jack, Michelle and Tony race to find the evidence that the recording is a forgery, resulting in the discovery that a group of European and American businessmen fabricated it in order to wage war with the Middle East, and planned to benefit from the resulting skyrocketing oil prices. Once the evidence is produced, the strikes are called off and Palmer is reinstated as President, thanks largely to his ex-wife Sherry Palmer (who risks her life for the evidence, and who also

"Mirrors 2"
intoxicated and finally killed her when she tried to run away. Henry found Keller burying Eleanor's body in Mayflower's basement crawlspace. Keller orders him to delete the surveillance files to cover up his crime. After her death, Eleanor, whose spirit is trapped in the mirror world, began seeking revenge on those responsible for her murder. She manipulated Henry's reflection to eat broken shards of glass before killing Jenna and Ryan. When Eleanor realized that Max could see her, she forced him to help her make contact with her sister by threatening his father's life. Max understands that his near-death experience

with Damon. She dies after being bitten by werewolf Jules. Michaela McManus joined the cast in a guest role as a werewolf who comes to town looking for answers about Mason's death. She helps Tyler deal with the discovery that he is a werewolf, but is later killed during the sacrifice. Bryton James portrays warlock Luka Martin in season two. He befriends Bonnie, but it is later revealed that he and his father work for Elijah. When he tries to save Elijah invisibly, Damon burns him to death. His father Jonas Martin, played by Randy J. Goodwin in season two,

"The Walking Dead: Season Two"
cabin. Five days later, the group arrives at a fortified ski lodge occupied by Kenny, Sarita, and Walter. While Clementine is elated to see Kenny after his apparent death in Savannah, Kenny's bitter attitude soon wears on both groups. After Clementine learns that Nick killed Walter's friend Matthew and is forced to defuse the situation, a group of walkers attack. Suddenly a third group arrives commanded by Carver, who was led to the lodge by Bonnie, a woman had earlier sought supplies by Walter. Carver's group capture everyone except Luke. Carver takes them to a fortified mall, which he runs

convinced Jack to let him fly the plane) but President Palmer collapses after giving a speech, having been attacked with a biological weapon by Mandy in an assassination attempt. Viewers were forced to wait until the third season to see whether Palmer survived the attack. The sudden shift from a nuclear to biological threat also foreshadows the third season, which initially centers on the threat of an engineered virus being set loose on the public. """" dealt with the time between Seasons Two and Three. President Palmer is incapacitated from the biological weapon inflicted by Mandy, and many of the

for the moonstone, a family heirloom. Tyler later learns of his family's werewolf curse. Meanwhile, Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola) is killed by Katherine while having Damon Salvatore's (Ian Somerhalder) blood in her system, turning her into a vampire. The arrival of the original vampires, Elijah (Daniel Gillies) and Klaus Mikaelson (Joseph Morgan), also bring about complications. Klaus is a vampire-werewolf hybrid, but his werewolf side had been forced into dormancy by witches, as nature would not stand for such an imbalance in power. Therefore, Klaus arrives in town with plans to break the curse and unleash his werewolf side by

(Michael Ark), a Russian teenager with a leg brace who speaks in broken English, later shown to be part of a larger group of other Russian survivors. This is only a broad overview of the plot, and may differ based on the choices made during both this game and the preceding Season One and its add-on ""400 Days"". Several months after the events of Season One, Clementine has regrouped with Omid and a visibly pregnant Christa. However, during a brief rest stop, Omid is killed by a scavenger attempting to rob Clementine. Sixteen months later, Christa and Clementine are seeking

a home across a frozen lake, but the pursuit of walkers causes the ice to break. Luke and optionally Bonnie fall through and drown. After Kenny assaults Arvo, Jane pulls Clementine aside to warn her about Kenny's attitude. They find a truck and fix it, planning to flee the next morning. However, Clementine catches Arvo, Bonnie (if alive), and Mike attempting to escape from Kenny with the group's supplies. After being shot by Arvo, Clementine passes out and has a memory of Lee from their time of traveling towards Savannah in the caravan. Clementine recovers and awakens in the truck

refuge at Wellington, Ohio but are separated by a band of scavengers. Clementine falls unconscious into a river and finds a seemingly abandoned camp with a dog. The dog turns violent when Clementine finds food and bites her before being put down. A dazed Clementine is then surrounded by a horde of walkers but is saved by Pete and Luke, who take her to their group of survivors. The group, led by Luke, includes Pete and his nephew Nick, Alvin and his visibly pregnant wife Rebecca, and a doctor named Carlos and his daughter Sarah. The group mistake Clementine's bite

"Blood volume"
Measurements are taken 5 times in 6 minute intervals so that the BVA-100 can calculate the albumin transudation time to understand the flux of liquid through capillary membranes. The table at right shows circulating blood volumes, given as volume per kilogram, for healthy adults and some animals. However, it can be 15% less in obese and old animals. Blood volume Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood

"Body fluid"
Body fluid Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the bodies of living people. In normal healthy men, the total body water is about 60% of the total body weight; it is slightly lower in women. A 70 kg (160 pound) man, then, has 42 liters of water in his body. This is divided between ICF and ECF in a two-to-one ratio: 28 liters are inside cells and 14 liters are outside cells. This ECF compartment is divided into the fluid between cells - the interstitial fluid volume - and the vascular volume, also called the blood plasma

Blood volume Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood volume. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. Blood volume (BV) can be calculated given the hematocrit (HC; the fraction of blood that is red blood cells) and plasma volume (PV), with the hematocrit being regulated via the blood oxygen content regulator: Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, renal failure

Blood
whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%. Whole blood (plasma and cells) exhibits non-Newtonian fluid dynamics. If all human hemoglobin were free in the plasma rather than being contained in RBCs, the circulatory fluid would be too viscous for the cardiovascular system to function effectively. One microliter of blood contains: About 55% of blood is blood plasma, a fluid that is the blood's liquid medium, which by itself is straw-yellow in color. The blood plasma volume totals of 2.7–3.0 liters (2.8–3.2 quarts) in an average human. It is essentially an aqueous solution containing 92% water, 8%

"Blood alcohol content"
for the dissolution of alcohol within the body, because alcohol does dissolve in fatty tissue as well. When it does, a certain amount of alcohol is temporarily taken out of the blood and briefly stored in the fat. For this reason, most calculations of alcohol to body mass simply use the weight of the individual, and not specifically his/her water content. Finally, it is speculated that the bubbles in sparkling wine may speed up alcohol intoxication by helping the alcohol to reach the bloodstream faster. Examples: Note: This chart defines a drink as 14 g of ethanol, while the formula

"Blood plasma"
Blood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) (i.e.—serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen.

Blood alcohol content Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration, blood ethanol concentration, or blood alcohol level, is most commonly used as a metric of alcohol intoxication for legal or medical purposes. Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.10 (0.10% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.

"Body water"
Body water In physiology, body water is the water content of an animal body that is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere. The percentages of body water contained in various fluid compartments add up to total body water (TBW). This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. Ensuring the right amount of body water is part of fluid balance, an aspect of homeostasis. By weight, the average human adult male is approximately 60% water and the average adult female is approximately 50%. There can be considerable variation

Blood
the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or ""formed elements"") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of

art, though there have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps feces) for quite some time, and Marcel Duchamp used semen decades ago. Examples include: Body fluid Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the bodies of living people. In normal healthy men, the total body water is about 60% of the total body weight; it is slightly lower in women. A 70 kg (160 pound) man, then, has 42 liters of water in his body. This is divided between ICF and ECF in a two-to-one ratio: 28 liters are inside cells and 14 liters are outside cells.

"2017 Virginia gubernatorial election"
nominee Ralph Northam defeated Republican nominee Ed Gillespie, winning by the largest margin for a Democrat since 1985. Northam became the 73rd governor of Virginia, and assumed office on January 13, 2018. The election had the highest voter turnout percentage in a Virginia gubernatorial election in twenty years with 47% of the state's constituency casting their ballot. Virginia election laws allow for unlimited campaign contributions in state and local elections. According to the Virginia Public Access Project, Northam's top five donors are the Democratic Governors Association's super PAC DGA Action; Michael Bloomberg's Everytown for Gun Safety group; the Virginia League

"2017 Virginia elections"
gubernatorial election of 2017 took place on November 7, 2017. Primaries took place on June 13, 2017. The incumbent Governor, Democrat Terry McAuliffe, was not eligible to run for re-election due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution. Virginia is the only state that prohibits its Governor from serving consecutive terms. The primary elections took place on June 13, 2017. Virginia utilizes an open primary, in which registered voters are allowed to vote in only one party's primary election. Ralph Northam won the election to become the 73rd Governor of Virginia with 53.7% of the popular vote. The Virginia

of Conservation Voters; Michael D. Bills; and the Laborers' International Union of North America. Gillespie's top five donors are the Republican Governors Association; A Stronger Virginia; Let's Grow Virginia; Marlene Ricketts; and Dwight Schar. Hyra's top five donors are Michael Chastain; Hyra himself; the Libertarian Party of Virginia; Paradise Indian Restaurant; and nine donors who have given the same amount. Even though polls in the weeks before the election showed a highly competitive race, some even showing Gillespie ahead, Northam won by a larger margin than expected, about nine percent, and more than 200,000 votes. Gillespie was unable to come

2017 Virginia gubernatorial election The Virginia gubernatorial election of 2017 was held on November 7, 2017. Incumbent Governor Terry McAuliffe of the Democratic Party was not eligible to run for reelection due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution. Primary elections took place on June 13, 2017. Virginia utilizes an open primary, in which registered voters are allowed to vote in either party's primary election. The Democratic Party nominated Ralph Northam and the Republican Party nominated Ed Gillespie. The Libertarian Party nominated Clifford Hyra by convention on May 6, 2017. In the general election on November 7, 2017, Democratic

back from the large margins in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. and Virginia Beach, and he conceded to Northam at 8:56 PM EST. 2017 Virginia gubernatorial election The Virginia gubernatorial election of 2017 was held on November 7, 2017. Incumbent Governor Terry McAuliffe of the Democratic Party was not eligible to run for reelection due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution. Primary elections took place on June 13, 2017. Virginia utilizes an open primary, in which registered voters are allowed to vote in either party's primary election. The Democratic Party nominated Ralph Northam and the Republican Party nominated

"2021 United States gubernatorial elections"
53.9% of the vote. He will be term-limited in 2021, as the Virginia Constitution does not allow governors to serve consecutive terms. Attorney General Mark Herring, a Democrat, announced he was running for governor. Other potential Democratic candidates include Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Justin Fairfax, former U.S. Representative and 2017 gubernatorial candidate Tom Perriello, and Richmond, Virginia mayor Levar Stoney. Potential Republican candidates include State Senator Frank Wagner, 2017 Gubernatorial Nominee Ed Gillespie, 2018 U.S. Senate nominee Corey Stewart, former Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling, former Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, U.S. Representatives Rob Wittman, Denver Riggleman, Bob Goodlatte, and Morgan Griffith.

"2017 Virginia House of Delegates election"
gaining one more seat, causing a 50–50 split. But a three-judge panel declined to certify the result and counted another vote that tied the election, which led to the panel declaring that there was no winner. So the balance of the House of Delegates was at 50–49 in the Republicans' favor until the race was resolved through drawing lots, as per state law. On January 4, 2018, the drawing was held and Republican David Yancey was declared the winner. His opponent, Shelly Simonds, conceded on January 10. There were several notable candidates who won elections. Democratic candidate Chris Hurst, whose

"2017 United States gubernatorial elections"
election, defeating Kim Guadagno, with 55.6% vote to 42.3%. Governor Terry McAuliffe won election with 48% of the vote in 2013. McAuliffe was term-limited in 2017. Virginia is the only state that prohibits its Governor from serving consecutive terms. Lieutenant Governor Ralph Northam was the Democratic nominee for governor. Northam defeated former U.S. Representative Tom Perriello in the gubernatorial primary in June 2017. Former chairman of the Republican National Committee and 2014 United States Senate nominee Ed Gillespie was the Republican nominee for governor. Gillespie defeated State Senator Frank Wagner, and Chairman of the Prince William County Board of Supervisors

Virginia
two-thirds (68–32) of the seats in the House of Delegates, and a majority of the Senate based on the Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling as the tie-breaker. Following the 2013 elections, Democrat Terry McAuliffe was elected Governor by two percentage points, and Democrat Ralph Northam was elected Lieutenant Governor by double digits. Republicans, however, maintained their super-majority (68–32) in the House of Delegates. State election seasons traditionally start with the annual Shad Planking event in Wakefield. The 2017 statewide elections resulted in a Democratic sweep of the three highest offices, with outgoing lieutenant governor Ralph Northam winning the governorship, Justin Fairfax

"2018 United States Senate election in Virginia"
2018 United States Senate election in Virginia The 2018 United States Senate election in Virginia took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia, concurrently with other elections to the U.S. Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Senator Tim Kaine was re-elected to a second term in office, winning this seat by the largest margin since 1988. Although he ultimately lost the election, Corey Stewart received the most votes of any Republican in Virginia midterm and gubernatorial

Hotel
hotels, on-site amenities are normally limited and most extended stay hotels lack an on-site restaurant. Examples include Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Home2 Suites by Hilton, Residence Inn by Marriott, Element, and Extended Stay America. Timeshare and Destination clubs are a form of property ownership also referred to as a vacation ownership involving the purchase and ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage during a specified period of time. Timeshare resorts often offer amenities similar that of a Full service hotel with on-site restaurant(s), swimming pools, recreation grounds, and other leisure-oriented amenities. Destination clubs

Hotel
standards. ""Examples include: InterContinental, Fairmont, Sofitel, Raffles, Jumeirah, Conrad, Mandarin Oriental, Four Seasons, The Peninsula, Grand Hyatt, JW Marriott and The Ritz-Carlton."" Boutique hotels are smaller independent non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities of varying size in unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations. These hotels are generally 100 rooms or fewer. Lifestyle hotels are branded properties that appeal to a guest with specific lifestyle or personal image. They are typically full-service and sometimes classified as luxury. A key characteristic of boutique and lifestyle hotels is their focus on providing a unique guest experience as opposed to simply

"Apartment hotel"
and Canada. Apartment hotel An apartment hotel (also residential hotel, or extended-stay hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar to renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts and occupants can ""check-out"" whenever they wish. The standard zoning definition in the United States is: ""Apartment hotel means a building designed for or containing both apartments and individual guestrooms or rental units, under resident supervision, and which maintains an inner lobby through which all tenants must pass to gain access to apartments, rooms or units."" An apartment hotel complex usually offers a complete

Hotel
studies, a business degree, and/or certification programs formally prepare hotel managers for industry practice. Most hotel establishments consist of a General Manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""Hotel Manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel, middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. Some hotels have gained their renown through tradition, by hosting significant events

Hotel
clientele. Hotels cater to travelers from many countries and languages, since no one country dominates the travel industry. Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types. General categories include the following: A luxury hotel offers high quality amenities, full service accommodations, on-site full-service restaurants, and the highest level of personalized and professional service. Luxury hotels are normally classified with at least a Five Diamond rating by American Automobile Association or Five Star hotel rating depending on the country and local classification

Apartment hotel An apartment hotel (also residential hotel, or extended-stay hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar to renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts and occupants can ""check-out"" whenever they wish. The standard zoning definition in the United States is: ""Apartment hotel means a building designed for or containing both apartments and individual guestrooms or rental units, under resident supervision, and which maintains an inner lobby through which all tenants must pass to gain access to apartments, rooms or units."" An apartment hotel complex usually offers a complete fully fitted

Hotel
Hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, business centre (with computers, printers, and other office equipment), childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social

Hotel
providing lodging. Examples include W Hotels, Shangri-La Hotels, Sheraton, Andaz, Hoshino Resorts and Banyan Tree. Full service hotels often provide a wide array of guest services and on-site facilities. Commonly found amenities may include: on-site food and beverage (room service and restaurants), meeting and conference services and facilities, fitness center, and business center. Full-service hotels range in quality from mid-scale to luxury. This classification is based upon the quality of facilities and amenities offered by the hotel. Examples include: Holiday Inn, Kimpton Hotels, Hilton, Marriott and Hyatt Regency brands. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer a limited number of

Resort
Resort A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping, on the premises. The term ""resort"" may be used for a hotel property that provides an array of amenities, typically including entertainment and recreational activities. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort, such as the Grand Hotel at Mackinac Island, Michigan. Some resorts are also condominium complexes that are timeshares or owed fractionally or wholly owned condominium. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a

"Suite (hotel)"
Suite (hotel) A suite in a hotel or other public accommodation such as a cruise ship denotes, according to most dictionary definitions, connected rooms under one room number. Hotels may refer to suites as a class of accommodations with more space than a typical hotel room, but technically speaking there must be more than one room to constitute a true suite. In luxury or upscale accommodations, such as Ritz Carlton, InterContinental, Marriott, Embassy Suites, or Homewood Suites by Hilton key features may include multiple rooms. Many independent properties have one or more honeymoon suites. The most luxurious accommodation in a

"To the nines"
To the nines ""To the nine"" is an English idiom meaning ""to perfection"" or ""to the highest degree"" or to dress ""buoyantly and high class"". In modern English usage, the phrase most commonly appears as ""dressed to the nine"" or ""dressed up to the nine"". The phrase is said to be Scots in origin. The earliest written example of the phrase is from the 1719 ""Epistle to Ramsay"" by the Scottish poet William Hamilton: <poem style=""margin-left: 2em;"">The bonny Lines therein thou sent me, How to the nines they did content me. </poem> Robert Burns' ""Poem on Pastoral Poetry"", published posthumously

"Bespoke tailoring"
Bespoke tailoring Bespoke tailoring is clothing made to an individual buyer's specifications by a tailor. The word ""bespoke"" is derived from the verb ""bespeak"", to speak for something, in the specialised meaning ""to give order for it to be made"". The term bespoke in fashion is reserved for individually patterned and crafted men's clothing, analogous to women's haute couture, in contrast with mass-manufactured ready-to-wear (also called off-the-peg or off-the-rack). The term originated from Savile Row, a street in London considered the ""Golden Mile of tailoring"". Bespoke clothing is traditionally cut from a pattern drafted from scratch for the customer, and

Negligee
Negligee The negligee or négligée (), literally meaning ""neglected"", known in French as déshabillé, is a form of see-through clothing for women consisting of a sheer usually long dressing gown. It is a form of nightgown intended for wear at night and in the bedroom. It was introduced in France in the 18th century, where it mimicked the heavy head-to-toe style of women's day dresses of the time. By the 1920s, the negligee began to mimic women's satin single-layer evening dress of the period. The term ""negligee"" was used on a Royal Doulton run of ceramic figurines in 1927, showing

"Costume de rigueur"
Costume de rigueur The term ""costume de rigueur"" (from French language) refers to a strict formal dresscode for the attire worn at a special event or in a particular venue. It is commonly used in invitations to a masquerade ball for the Mardi Gras in Mobile (Alabama) or New Orleans Mardi Gras (Louisiana) in the United States. However, the term is also used to describe any rigorous style of attire as worn. As a phrase adapted from French, the term ""costume de rigueur"" is not italicized in typical usage, although still used in French language. At a formal masquerade ball

Athleisure
A type of athleisure is sometimes called ""technical wear"" which describes clothes that are more suitable for wearing to the office while being comfortable. There have been concerns that materials used in athleisure may have negative consequences for the environment; these chemicals include dyes and solvents and polyfluorinated chemicals which are used to make athleisure resistant to water and grease and stains. Athleisure Athleisure is a trend in fashion in which clothing designed for workouts and other athletic activities is worn in other settings, such as at the workplace, at school, or at other casual or social occasions. Athleisure outfits

"Haute couture"
Haute couture Haute couture (; ; French for ""high sewing"" or ""high dressmaking"" or ""high fashion"") is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. ""Haute couture"" is high-end fashion that is constructed by hand from start to finish, made from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable sewers - often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. ""Couture"" translates literally from French as ""dressmaking"" but may also refer to fashion, sewing, or needlework and is also used as a common abbreviation of ""haute couture"" and refers to the same thing in

Athleisure Athleisure is a trend in fashion in which clothing designed for workouts and other athletic activities is worn in other settings, such as at the workplace, at school, or at other casual or social occasions. Athleisure outfits are yoga pants, tights, sneakers, leggings and shorts, that ""look like athletic wear"" and are characterized as ""fashionable, dressed up sweats and exercise clothing"". The idea is that gym clothes are supposedly making their way out of the gym and becoming a larger part of people's everyday wardrobes. Athleisure can be considered as a fashion industry movement, enabled by improved textile materials,

Negligee
mid-1980s. However, UK negligee sales are said to have been the fastest increasing sector of the market since 1998. Negligee The negligee or négligée (), literally meaning ""neglected"", known in French as déshabillé, is a form of see-through clothing for women consisting of a sheer usually long dressing gown. It is a form of nightgown intended for wear at night and in the bedroom. It was introduced in France in the 18th century, where it mimicked the heavy head-to-toe style of women's day dresses of the time. By the 1920s, the negligee began to mimic women's satin single-layer evening dress

"Empire silhouette"
Empire silhouette Empire silhouette, Empire line, Empire waist or just Empire is a style in clothing in which the dress has a fitted bodice ending just below the bust, giving a high-waisted appearance, and a gathered skirt which is long and loosely fitting but skims the body rather than being supported by voluminous petticoats. The outline is especially flattering to pear shapes wishing to disguise the stomach area or emphasize the bust. The shape of the dress also helps to lengthen the body's appearance. While the style goes back to the late 18th century, the term ""Empire silhouette"" arose over

Maillot
Maillot The maillot ( IPA: British /mʌɪˈəʊ/, U.S. /maɪˈ(j)oʊ/) is the fashion designer's name for a woman's one-piece swimsuit, also called a tank suit. A maillot swimsuit generally consists of a tank-style torso top with high-cut legs. However, a maillot may also include a plunging neckline, turtleneck-style top, or revealing cutouts. In addition to describing women’s one-piece swimsuits, the word maillot has also been used to refer to tights or leotards made of stretchable, jersey fabric, generally used for dance or gymnastics. The term maillot was first used to describe tight-fitting, one-piece swimsuits in the 1920s, as these swimsuits had

"Harvard Crimson"
fall), A. L. White (1904), H. H. Wilder (1908), F. C. Davison (1912), Edward Allis (1914), J. W. Hubbell (1916). They won the inaugural Ivy League championship in 1975, their only league championship. The men's ice hockey team is one of the oldest intercollegiate ice hockey teams in the United States, having played their first game on January 19, 1898 in a 0–6 loss to Brown. Former head coach William H. Claflin and former captain George Owen are credited with the first use of line change in a game against Yale on March 3, 1923 when the Crimson substituted entire

"Ivy League"
these institutions maintain in basketball, baseball and track."" However, they noted that the league ""has such promising possibilities that it may not be dismissed and must be the subject of further consideration."" In 1945 the presidents of the eight schools signed the first ""Ivy Group Agreement"", which set academic, financial, and athletic standards for the football teams. The principles established reiterated those put forward in the Harvard-Yale-Princeton Presidents' Agreement of 1916. The Ivy Group Agreement established the core tenet that an applicant's ability to play on a team would not influence admissions decisions: In 1954, the presidents extended the Ivy

forward lines instead of individuals. The men's ice hockey team won the NCAA Division I Championship on April 1, 1989, defeating the Minnesota Golden Gophers 4-3 in overtime. The Cleary Cup, awarded to the ECAC regular-season champion, is named for former Harvard All-American hockey player, coach, and athletic director Bill Cleary, a member of the U.S. hockey team that won the 1960 Winter Olympics gold medal. The team competes in ECAC Hockey along with six other Ivy League schools and is coached by Harvard alumnus, Olympian, and former NHL forward, Ted Donato. Harvard competes in one of the most heated

"Harvard Crimson football"
average attendance must be at least 15,000 to qualify for I-A membership. This forced the conference's hand, as only some of the member schools met the attendance qualification. Choosing to stay together rather than stand their ground separately in the increasingly competitive I-A subdivision, the Ivy League, along with several other conferences and independent programs moved down into I-AA starting with the 1982 season (a number of these teams have since returned to I-A/FBS). Since the formation of the Ivy League in 1956, Harvard has won outright or shared 17 Ivy League championships (8 outright; 9 shared), 1961 (6–3), 1966

team has won thirteen Ivy League Championships: 1978, 1979, 1981, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2016. Harvard Swimming and Diving was founded in 1902. Harvard Men's Swimming and Diving is currently coached by Kevin Tyrrell, Harvard Women's Swimming and Diving is currently coached by Stephanie Wriede Morawski. Inaugural season for the men's team was 1981. The Crimson compete in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (EIVA) and are under the direction of head coach, Brian Baise. Inaugural season for the women's team was 1981. The Crimson compete in the Ivy League and are under the direction

undefeated seasons from 1912 to 1914, including two perfect seasons in 1912 and 1913. The NCAA decided to split Division I into two subdivisions in 1978, then called I-A for larger schools, and I-AA for the smaller ones. The NCAA had devised the split, in part, with the Ivy League in mind, but the conference did not move down for four seasons despite the fact that there were many indications that the ancient eight were on the wrong side of an increasing disparity between the big and small schools. In 1982, the NCAA created a rule that stated a program's

sloops in 2001 and 2002, and the team race in 2002 and 2003. The team was ranked 11th nationally in 2013 according to Sailing World. Before the NCAA began its tournament in 1959, the annual national champion was declared by the Intercollegiate Association Football League (IAFL) — from 1911 to 1926 — and then the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association (ISFA), from 1927 to 1958. From 1911 to 1958, Harvard won four national championships. Women's soccer was elevated from a club to a varsity sport at Harvard in 1977. Bob Scalise, Harvard's current athletic director, was the first head coach. The

"Harvard Crimson men's basketball"
Yale 62–52 at Lavietes Pavilion on March 6, 2015, just eight days later Harvard won a playoff between the two at the Palestra in Philadelphia to determine the Ivy League's NCAA automatic bid by a score of 53–51. Harvard thereby achieved its fourth straight NCAA Tournament appearance while preventing Yale from reaching the NCAA Tournament for the first time in 53 years. Harvard was eliminated from the 2015 NCAA Tournament by UNC by a score of 67–65 after leading with under one minute to play in the game. The Crimson are currently coached by Tommy Amaker. On April 11, 2007,

"History of Harvard University"
final merger in 1999 made Radcliffe a part of Harvard, at the same time creating the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. In 2006, Lawrence Summers resigned his presidency after suggesting that women's underrepresentation in top science positions could be due to differences in ""intrinsic aptitude"". In 1984, Harvard severed ties with undergraduate ""final clubs"" because of their refusal to admit women. As of 2016, Harvard bars members of single-sex organizations (such as final clubs, fraternities and sororities) from campus leadership positions such as team captaincies and from receiving recommendation letters from Harvard requisite for scholarships and fellowships such as the

"Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey"
in 1935–36, and leading the Crimson to a 15–1 record in 1936–37. The Quadrangular League was created for the 1933–34 with Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Dartmouth, the league is considered the predecessor to the Ivy League. In 1936, the Council of Ivy Group Presidents agreed on the formal formation of the League, however the agreement did not go into effect until the 1955–56 season. The program was suspended for two years during World War II but then returned to the ice for an abbreviated 1945–46 season. In 1950 Ralph ""Cooney"" Weiland became head coach, Weiland was a former NHL scoring

"History of Portugal (1640–1777)"
a quarrel with Prime Minister Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal. Melo's quarrel with the Jesuits began over an exchange of South American colonial territory with Spain. By a secret treaty of 1750, Portugal relinquished to Spain the contested colony of Colónia do Sacramento at the mouth of the Uruguay River in exchange for the Seven Reductions of Paraguay, the autonomous Jesuit missions that had been nominal Spanish colonial territory. The Jesuits, disagreeing with transfers of Guaraní populations from one territory to another, caused the Guaraní War and Portugal, fearing an attempt to build an independent empire in the New

Portuguese had already performed fairly accurate calculations concerning the size of the world and therefore knew that sailing west to reach the Indies would require a far longer journey than navigating to the east. However, this continues to be debated. Thus began a long-lasting dispute that eventually resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas with Castile in 1494. The treaty divided the (largely undiscovered) New World equally between the Portuguese and the Castilians, along a north-south meridian line 370 leagues (1770 km/1100 miles) west of the Cape Verde islands, with all lands to the east belonging to Portugal

Portugal
century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which were coveted in Europe. The Treaty of Tordesillas, intended to resolve the dispute that had been created following the return of Christopher Columbus, was made by Pope Alexander VI, the mediator between Portugal and Spain. It was signed on 7 June 1494, and divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two countries along a meridian 370 leagues west of the

for commercial interests in Japan, Africa and South America. In 1624, the Dutch seized Salvador, the capital of Brazil; in 1630, they seized Pernambuco in northern Brazil. A treaty of 1654 returned Pernambuco to Portuguese control, however. Both the English and the Dutch continued to aspire to dominate both the Atlantic slave trade and the spice trade with the Far East. The Dutch intrusion into Brazil was long-lasting and troublesome to Portugal. The Dutch captured the entire coast except that of Bahia and much of the interior of the contemporary Northeastern Brazilian states of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio

"Treaty of Tordesillas"
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Andres de Urdaneta, establishing the initial Spanish trading post at Cebu and later founding Manila in 1571. Besides Brazil and the Moluccas, Portugal eventually controlled Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, and São Tomé and Príncipe (among other territories and bases) in Africa; several bases or territories as Muscat, Ormus and Bahrein in the Persian Gulf, Goa, Bombay and Daman and Diu (among other coastal cities) in India; Ceylon, and Malacca, bases in present-day Indonesia as Makassar, Solor and Ambon, Portuguese Timor, the ""entrepôt""-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in the Far East. Spain,

Portuguese monopoly of the Indian Ocean. English, French and Dutch conquered Portuguese possessions in Asia. Of the huge Empire of Manuel I and John III, the Portuguese were reduced to the stronghold of Goa, several small strongholds in India, Macau on the coast of China, and the island of Portuguese Timor. Trade posts in Africa were lost to the English (Gulf of Guinea) and Dutch (Natal and Portuguese Gold Coast). Faced with this situation, the Portuguese focused their commercial interests on Brazil, which was partially under Dutch control. After several years of open warfare, the Dutch formally withdrew in 1654

"Portuguese Colonial War"
and political rights, corruption, poverty, inequality, and failed central planning eroded the initial revolutionary zeal. A level of social order and economic development comparable to what had existed under Portuguese rule, including during the period of the Colonial War, became the goal of the independent territories. The former Portuguese territories in Africa became sovereign states, with Agostinho Neto in Angola, Samora Machel in Mozambique, Luís Cabral in Guinea-Bissau, Manuel Pinto da Costa in São Tomé and Príncipe, and Aristides Pereira in Cape Verde as the heads of state. When the Portuguese began trading on the west coast of Africa, in

Portugal
India, Muscat and Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca, now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe, landing in such places as Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and in the Moluccas. Although for a long period it was believed the Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is also some evidence that the Portuguese may have discovered Australia in 1521. The Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 22 April 1529 between

"Portuguese colonization of the Americas"
Portuguese colonization of the Americas Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Earth outside Europe into Castilian and Portuguese global territorial hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization. Portugal colonized parts of South America (mostly Brazil), but also made some unsuccessful attempts to colonize North America in present-day Canada. Based on the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Portuguese Crown claimed it had territorial rights in the area visited by the Genoese explorer John Cabot in 1497 and 1498 on behalf of the

"Portugal–Spain relations"
Columbus to the Caribbean in 1492, both states began acquiring territory in the New World. As a result of the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal acquired its most potentially important colony, Brazil (much of the South American continent), as well as a number of possessions in Africa and Asia, while Castile took the rest of South America and much of the North American continent. This line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde Islands (already Portuguese) and the islands claimed for Castile by Columbus on his first voyage. Although the Treaty of Tordesillas attempted to clarify their empires,

"Wave–particle duality"
operation of chemical reactions. Electricity, first thought to be a fluid, was now understood to consist of particles called electrons. This was first demonstrated by J. J. Thomson in 1897 when, using a cathode ray tube, he found that an electrical charge would travel across a vacuum. Since the vacuum offered no medium for an electric fluid to travel, this discovery could only be explained via a particle carrying a negative charge and moving through the vacuum. This electron flew in the face of classical electrodynamics, which had successfully treated electricity as a fluid for many years (leading to the

Electron
was governed by the inverse square law. After studying the phenomenon of electrolysis in 1874, Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney suggested that there existed a ""single definite quantity of electricity"", the charge of a monovalent ion. He was able to estimate the value of this elementary charge ""e"" by means of Faraday's laws of electrolysis. However, Stoney believed these charges were permanently attached to atoms and could not be removed. In 1881, German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz argued that both positive and negative charges were divided into elementary parts, each of which ""behaves like atoms of electricity"". Stoney initially coined

Electron
an excess (+) or deficit (-). He gave them the modern charge nomenclature of positive and negative respectively. Franklin thought of the charge carrier as being positive, but he did not correctly identify which situation was a surplus of the charge carrier, and which situation was a deficit. Between 1838 and 1851, British natural philosopher Richard Laming developed the idea that an atom is composed of a core of matter surrounded by subatomic particles that had unit electric charges. Beginning in 1846, German physicist William Weber theorized that electricity was composed of positively and negatively charged fluids, and their interaction

Electron
localized position in space along its trajectory at any given moment. The wave-like nature of light is displayed, for example, when a beam of light is passed through parallel slits thereby creating interference patterns. In 1927 George Paget Thomson, discovered the interference effect was produced when a beam of electrons was passed through thin metal foils and by American physicists Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer by the reflection of electrons from a crystal of nickel. De Broglie's prediction of a wave nature for electrons led Erwin Schrödinger to postulate a wave equation for electrons moving under the influence of the

Electron
In order to resolve some problems within his relativistic equation, Dirac developed in 1930 a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles with negative energy, later dubbed the Dirac sea. This led him to predict the existence of a positron, the antimatter counterpart of the electron. This particle was discovered in 1932 by Carl Anderson, who proposed calling standard electrons ""negatons"" and using ""electron"" as a generic term to describe both the positively and negatively charged variants. In 1947 Willis Lamb, working in collaboration with graduate student Robert Retherford, found that certain quantum states of the hydrogen

Electron
radiation without any exposure to an external energy source. These radioactive materials became the subject of much interest by scientists, including the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford who discovered they emitted particles. He designated these particles alpha and beta, on the basis of their ability to penetrate matter. In 1900, Becquerel showed that the beta rays emitted by radium could be deflected by an electric field, and that their mass-to-charge ratio was the same as for cathode rays. This evidence strengthened the view that electrons existed as components of atoms. In 1897, the British physicist J. J. Thomson, with his

Electron
axis as it orbits the Sun. The intrinsic angular momentum became known as spin, and explained the previously mysterious splitting of spectral lines observed with a high-resolution spectrograph; this phenomenon is known as fine structure splitting. In his 1924 dissertation """" (Research on Quantum Theory), French physicist Louis de Broglie hypothesized that all matter can be represented as a de Broglie wave in the manner of light. That is, under the appropriate conditions, electrons and other matter would show properties of either particles or waves. The corpuscular properties of a particle are demonstrated when it is shown to have a

"George Paget Thomson"
also became a senior diplomat, serving as High Commissioner to Pakistan (2010-2013) and as Permanent Representative to NATO (2014-2016.) George Paget Thomson Sir George Paget Thomson, FRS (; 3 May 1892 – 10 September 1975) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognised for his discovery of the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. Thomson was born in Cambridge, England, the son of physicist and Nobel laureate J. J. Thomson and Rose Elisabeth Paget, daughter of George Edward Paget. Thomson went to The Perse School, Cambridge before going on to read mathematics and physics at Trinity

invention of batteries, electric motors, dynamos, and arc lamps). More importantly, the intimate relation between electric charge and electromagnetism had been well documented following the discoveries of Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. Since electromagnetism was known to be a wave generated by a changing electric or magnetic field (a continuous, wave-like entity itself) an atomic/particle description of electricity and charge was a non sequitur. Furthermore, classical electrodynamics was not the only classical theory rendered incomplete. In 1901, Max Planck published an analysis that succeeded in reproducing the observed spectrum of light emitted by a glowing object. To accomplish this,

effect, wherein electrons are emitted from atoms when they absorb energy from light. Since their existence was theorized eight years previously, phenomenon had been studied with the electron model in mind in physics laboratories worldwide. In 1902 Philipp Lenard discovered that the energy of these ejected electrons did ""not"" depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but instead on its ""frequency"". So if one shines a little low-frequency light upon a metal, a few low energy electrons are ejected. If one now shines a very intense beam of low-frequency light upon the same metal, a whole slew of electrons

"Big Brother 11 (U.S.)"
Jeff proposed to Jordan with both their families present. On Day 1, the original twelve HouseGuests entered the house. Following introductions, the HouseGuests learned of the season's twist, in which they would be playing as members of common high school cliques. Despite this, HouseGuests continued to play the game as individuals and competed in competitions as individuals, were nominated as individuals, and were evicted as individuals. They also learned that if a member of their clique won Head of Household, they could not be nominated for eviction. Upon entering the backyard to compete in their first Head of Household competition,

"Big Brother 2 (U.S.)"
second host was selected for the series. The twelve HouseGuests competing in the series were revealed on June 29, 2001. The group moved into the house on July 1, 2001. HouseGuests Mike and Justin had a criminal record prior to appearing on the series, causing some controversy from critics. HouseGuest Will was a doctor, while Kent and Mike both owned their own businesses. Autumn, Kent, Krista, and Sheryl were all parents, though Kent was the only parent who was married. Bunky was revealed to be the first openly gay HouseGuest to participate in the series, while Kent revealed prior to

"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)"
America. The first season premiered on February 7, 2018. The promotional logo was released on December 20, 2017. The logo is similar to that used for ""Big Brother 19"", with the word ""celebrity"" added. The first teaser was also released the same day. In January 2018 official photos of the house and backyard were released through a press release and an Instagram livestream with Julie Chen. On January 28, 2018, the official cast was announced during The 60th Annual Grammy Awards. The first season officially concluded on February 25, 2018 when Marissa Jaret Winokur beat Ross Mathews by a final

"Big Brother and the Holding Company"
received national recognition after the Monterey Pop Festival, Big Brother was booked by Columbia for engagements around the country. A well-known band on the West Coast (especially in San Francisco), Big Brother played their first East Coast concert in New York City on February 17, 1968, at the Anderson Theater, 66 Second Avenue. Columbia's marketing department featured Janis Joplin as the star; before that time, some of the band's audience regarded James Gurley as of equal or more importance. In New York the press criticized the band for playing out of tune and for amplifiers set at maximum volume. ""The

"Big Brother 17 (U.S.)"
American version of ""Big Brother,"" professional wrestler and former WWE NXT competitor Austin Matelson and Vanessa Rousso, who, when the season began, was ranked among the top five women in poker history in terms of all-time money winnings. On June 25, 2015, ""The Amazing Race 26"" alumni Jackie Ibarra and Jeff Weldon were revealed as the 15th and 16th HouseGuests. It was later revealed that HouseGuest Liz Nolan and her twin sister, Julia, were competing as one for the Twin Twist; after surviving the first five evictions, Liz and Julia began competing separately, increasing the total number of HouseGuests to

"Big Brother 16 (U.S.)"
announced on June 19, 2014 and the HouseGuests moved into the ""Big Brother"" house on June 20, 2014. ""Big Brother 16"" began with a two-night premiere on June 25–26, 2014. On June 25, 2014, five days after the HouseGuests moved into the ""Big Brother"" house, eight of the 16 HouseGuests—Amber, Cody, Devin, Donny, Frankie, Joey, Nicole and Paola—were introduced, shown entering the house and taking part in the first HoH competition of the season, while on June 26, the eight HouseGuests who were not introduced the night before—Brittany, Caleb, Christine, Derrick, Hayden, Jocasta, Victoria and Zach—were introduced, shown entering the

"Trial de novo"
an appeal to circuit court is to 'annul the judgment of the inferior tribunal as completely as if there had been no previous trial.'"" Some states use a system combining aspects of traditional appeal and absolute trial ""de novo""; for instance, in New Jersey, decisions in minor criminal and traffic cases heard in the state's Municipal Courts may be appealed to the Law Division, Criminal Part of the Superior Court for ""trial ""de novo"" on the record,"" in which the Law Division makes new findings of fact and conclusions of law based on the record produced in the Municipal Court's

"State court (United States)"
it were a county based court. If one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the decision of the lower court, the matter may be taken up on appeal (but an acquittal in a criminal trial may not be appealed by the state due to the Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy). Usually, an intermediate appellate court, if there is one in that state, often called the state court of appeals, will review the decision of the trial court. If still unsatisfied, the litigant can appeal to the highest appellate court in the state, which is usually called the state supreme

"New trial"
New trial A new trial or retrial is a recurrence of a court case. Depending on the rules of the jurisdiction, a new trial may occur if: In some types of cases (for example, if the original trial court was not a court of record) or in some legal systems, if the losing party to a case appeals, then the appellate court itself will hold a new trial, known as a trial ""de novo"". In the United States, if a defendant is acquitted of a crime, the Fifth Amendment generally prohibits a retrial; thus, with few exceptions, a retrial only

"State supreme court"
""right"" to an appeal. Since a few states lack intermediate appellate courts, the state supreme court may operate under ""mandatory review"", in which it ""must"" hear all appeals from the trial courts. This was the case, for example, in Nevada (prior to 2014). Such judicial systems are usually very congested. Most state supreme courts have implemented ""discretionary review,"" like their federal counterpart. Under such a system, intermediate appellate courts are entrusted with deciding the vast majority of appeals. Intermediate appellate courts generally focus on the mundane task of what appellate specialists call ""error correction,"" which means their primary task is

"Appellate procedure in the United States"
pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prerogative writs. After exhausting the first appeal as of right, defendants usually petition the highest state court to review the decision. This appeal is known as a direct appeal. The highest state court, generally known as the Supreme Court, exercises discretion over whether it will review the case. On direct appeal, a prisoner challenges the grounds of the conviction based on an error that occurred at trial or some other stage in the adjudicative process. An appellant's claim(s) must usually be preserved at trial.

review in most cases is available only if the Court exercises its discretion and grants a writ of certiorari. In tort, equity, or other civil matters either party to a previous case may file an appeal. In criminal matters, however, the state or prosecution generally has no appeal ""as of right"". And due to the double jeopardy principle, the state or prosecution may never appeal a jury or bench verdict of acquittal. But in some jurisdictions, the state or prosecution may appeal ""as of right"" from a trial court's dismissal of an indictment in whole or in part or from

Trial de novo In law, the expression trial de novo means a ""new trial"" by a different tribunal (""de novo"" is a Latin expression meaning ""afresh"", ""anew"", ""beginning again"", hence the literal meaning ""new trial""). A ""trial de novo"" is usually ordered by an appellate court when the original trial failed to make a determination in a manner dictated by law. In common law systems, one feature that distinguishes an appellate proceeding from a trial ""de novo"" is that new evidence may not ordinarily be presented in an appeal, though there are rare instances when it may be allowed—usually evidence

law, but federal courts only examine if the state courts applied those federal rights correctly on a direct appeal from the conviction to the U.S. Supreme Court, after state court direct appeals have been exhausted, or in a collateral attack on a conviction in a ""habeas corpus"" proceeding after all state court remedies (usually including a state court ""habeas corpus"" proceeding) have been exhausted. Some rights of criminal defendants that apply in federal court do not exist in state court. For example, in many states there is no constitutional right to be indicted by a grand jury before facing a

decisions of Virginia circuit courts in civil and criminal cases are thereby insulated from appellate review on the merits. New Hampshire and West Virginia formerly also provided only discretionary review for nearly all cases, even though they had no intermediate appellate court. Both states gradually recognized that even if this arrangement did not offend the federal Constitution, it was unduly harsh for hapless appellants, and transitioned to mandatory review, respectively, in 2004 and 2010. As noted above, the U.S. Supreme Court may hear appeals from state supreme courts ""only"" if there is a question of law under the United States

court and is usually located in or near the state capital. Appellate courts in the United States, unlike their civil law counterparts, are generally not permitted to correct mistakes concerning the facts of the case on appeal, only mistakes of law, or findings of fact with no support in the trial court record. Many states have courts of limited jurisdiction (inferior jurisdiction), presided over by, for example, a magistrate or justice of the peace who hears criminal arraignments and tries petty offenses and small civil cases. Appeals from courts of limited jurisdiction are frequently sent to state trial courts of

"Peak 2 Peak Gondola"
alert aircraft of the gondola as an obstacle. Strobe lights and loud noises over all radio frequencies are used to alert pilots who come too close to the gondola. The grand opening ceremony on December 12, 2008 featured Steve Podborski as emcee and Red Bull Air Force members BASE jumping from the middle of the gondola. The Peak 2 Peak Gondola was the subject of a 2009 Discovery Channel documentary. Crews began filming the project during groundbreaking in May 2007. The documentary aired at 9 pm on December 23 and at 2 am on December 24, 2009, on Discovery Channel

built by the Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in 2007 and 2008 at a cost of CDN$51 million. The Peak 2 Peak Gondola is the first Doppelmayr ""3S"" tri-cable lift in North America; there are four similar but smaller lifts in Europe which were built in 1991, 1994, 2002, 2004 and 2010 in Switzerland, Austria, France and Germany. Whistler-Blackcomb has touted the gondola as an iconic attraction and uses it to transport skiers in the winter months as well as sightseers year round. Whistler Mountain was opened by the Garibaldi Lift Company in 1965 and Blackcomb opened under separate ownership in 1980.

delayed by one year. Whistler Blackcomb announced on April 17, 2007, that groundbreaking would occur in May 2007. Whistler-Blackcomb broke ground for the Peak 2 Peak Gondola in a ceremony on May 21, 2007. The Doppelmayr Garaventa Group would supply the gondola itself and Timberline Construction was the general contractor and Glotman Simpson were the Consulting Engineers. Fatzer AG of Switzerland would make the four track cables and one haul rope that would carry the gondolas across the valley while CWA, also of Switzerland, would build the 28 gondola cabins. 80 workers from Whistler Blackcomb, Doppelmayr Garaventa, Timberline Construction and

"Christchurch Gondola"
use the walking tracks on Mt Cavendish, the gondola is ranked as one of the top tourist attractions in Christchurch by TripAdvisor. The summit is above sea level. The gondola opened as the Mount Cavendish Gondola in October 1992 after a long planning process at a costs of $NZ11.5 million. The land around the gondola was landscaped with 16,000 native tussock after the completion of construction. The gondola includes 19 cabins and has a capacity of 812 travellers per hour. The gondola closed following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, and was reopened in March 2013 by NZ Prime Minister John Key.

"Gondola lift"
at Panorama Ski Resort, British Columbia. The first gondola built in the United States for a ski resort was located at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area. It was a two-person gondola built in 1957 and serviced skiers until 1999. The lift was later demolished in 2004. The lift and its cabins were manufactured by a former Italian lift company: Carlevaro-Savio. One of the longest gondola rides in the world, Gondelbahn Grindelwald-Männlichen, is in the Bernese Oberland in Switzerland and connects Grindelwald with Männlichen. A ropeway conveyor or material ropeway is essentially a subtype of gondola lift, from which containers for

September 19, 2008 with a single Doppelmayr engineer, Mathias Zudrell, aboard. The remaining cabins were put on line and the system underwent extensive testing until its Grand Opening on December 12, 2008. The impact of such an expensive project on lift ticket prices was always a concern, especially because the gondola would not open any new ski terrain. When the project was announced in 2005, residents were promised that Peak 2 Peak access would be an optional add-on to a lift ticket or season pass. In a 2005 open house, the resort estimated the additional cost on a season pass

the four track cables and haul rope that would suspend the gondola cabins. The five spools of cable left Europe by ship on April 10, 2008. By the time construction started again in the spring of 2008, ten feet of snow still covered the mountains and concrete had to be transported up the mountain by helicopter. Towers 4 and 1 were completed in early spring using mobile cranes. The five cables arrived in the Port of Vancouver, Washington, USA on June 9 and were shipped to Whistler via train, arriving on June 16. Vancouver, Washington was used because it owns

Canada. It was titled ""Peak 2 Peak: Building the Worlds Biggest Gondola"". The gondola was also featured in the History Channel's show Modern Marvels in the episode ""Winter Tech,"" which showed the technology behind the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games. On February 6, 2014, Graham Dickinson carried out an illegal BASE jump from the highest point of the Peak 2 Peak Gondola and landed safely in the valley below. In order to exit the gondola, Dickinson and a female accomplice (Kathleen Adams) had to pry open the doors causing an estimated $10,000 worth of damage. They posted a video of

that indicated 92% of winter visitors and 86% of summer visitors would use the gondola at least once. HSBC Bank Canada and Scotia Capital agreed to provide Intrawest with financing for the project, allowing it to move forward. Intrawest announced the gondola project to employees and the Municipality of Whistler’s Council on September 19, 2005, and held a community open house shortly thereafter. At the time, construction was expected to start in the summer of 2006 and continue for 2 years for an opening for the 2007-2008 ski season. On March 30, 2006, it was announced that construction would be

Gondola
until the mid-20th century, when the city government prohibited any further modifications. In the 1500s an estimated 10,000 gondolas of all types were in Venice; in 1878 an estimated 4000 and now approximately 400. The origin of the word ""gondola"" has never been satisfactorily established, despite many theories. Today's gondola is 35.5 feet long and 4.5 feet wide with a weight of 1,500 lbs (700 kg). They are made of 280 hand-made pieces using eight types of wood (lime, oak, mahogany, walnut, cherry, fir, larch and elm). The process takes about two months; in 2013, the cost of a gondola

Chyme
stomach at regular intervals into the small intestine, which stimulates the pancreas to release fluid containing a high concentration of bicarbonate. This fluid neutralizes the gastric juices, which can damage the lining of the intestine and result in duodenal ulcer. Other secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and glands in the intestinal wall help in digestion. When food particles are sufficiently reduced in size and composition, they are absorbed by the intestinal wall and transported to the bloodstream. Some food material is passed from the small intestine to the large intestine. In the large intestine, bacteria break down proteins and

Cecum
Cecum The cecum or caecum (, plural ceca ; from the Latin ""caecus"" meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is

Cecum
those of vertebrates. Cecum The cecum or caecum (, plural ceca ; from the Latin ""caecus"" meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While

Chyme
Chyme Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός ""khymos"", ""juice"") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes

Chyme
the chyme to 7. The chyme then moves through the jejunum and the ileum, where digestion progresses, and the nonuseful portion continues onward into the large intestine. The duodenum is protected by a thick layer of mucus and the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile. At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. This then leads into the further breakdown of the nutrients still present by anaerobic bacteria, which at the same time help to package the remains. These bacteria also help synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K, which

Chyme
starches in chyme that were not digested fully in the small intestine. When all of the nutrients have been absorbed from chyme, the remaining waste material changes into semisolids that are called feces. The feces pass to the rectum, to be stored until ready to be discharged from the body during defecation. The chyme of an unweaned calf is the defining ingredient of pajata, a traditional Roman recipe. Chyme Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός ""khymos"", ""juice"") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the

Cecum
and is called the ileocolic orifice. The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice. A cecal carcinoid tumor is a carcinoid tumor of the cecum. An appendiceal carcinoid tumor (a carcinoid tumor of the appendix) is sometimes found next to a cecal carcinoid. Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) is the condition of inflammation of the cecum, primarily caused by bacterial infections. Over 99% of the bacteria in the gut are anaerobes, but in the cecum, aerobic bacteria reach high densities. A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also

Chyme
to 3 hours at most. The chyme is blue in color. With a pH of approximately 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. The duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. CCK also causes the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. The duodenum is a short section of the small intestine located between the stomach and the rest of the small intestine. The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which then raises pH of

"Ileocecal valve"
Ileocecal valve The ileocecal valve (ileal papilla, ileocaecal valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius valve, Bauhin's valve, ileocecal eminence, valve of Varolius or colic valve) is a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. Approximately two liters of fluid enters the colon daily through the ileocecal valve. The ileocecal valve is distinctive because it is the only site in the gastrointestinal tract that is used for vitamin B12 and bile acid absorption. The histology of the ileocecal valve shows an abrupt change from

"Small intestine"
both branches of the aorta. The duodenum receives blood from the coeliac trunk via the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and from the superior mesenteric artery via the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. These two arteries both have anterior and posterior branches that meet in the midline and anastomose. The jejunum and ileum receive blood from the superior mesenteric artery. Branches of the superior mesenteric artery form a series of arches within the mesentery known as arterial arcades, which may be several layers deep. Straight blood vessels known as vasa recta travel from the arcades closest to the ileum and jejunum to the organs

"The Royal"
years later. Set roughly twenty years after the creation of the National Health Service, a theme running through the series is the previously independent hospital's attempts at preserving its methods and standards within a National Health Service portrayed as bureaucratic and concerned more with efficiencies than patient care. Filming of the interior scenes of ""St. Aiden's"" utilised both The Leeds Studios and St. Luke's Hospital, Bradford, the latter of which was chosen because it had not been updated in many years, and retained the appearance of what a hospital would appear like in the 1960s. The exterior scenes of the

of ITV's period police drama series, ""Heartbeat"", featuring characters from ""Heartbeat"" during the first three series, before becoming its own entity. The show itself was shot within Whitby, Scarborough, City of Bradford and the North Riding of Yorkshire, and stars of ""The Royal"" included Ian Carmichael, Wendy Craig, Robert Daws, and Amy Robbins. The show itself generated its own spin-off, entitled ""The Royal Today"", which used the same settings but in the present day. The setting of ""The Royal"" was first introduced as part of the story for the 14th episode of the 12th series of ""Heartbeat"" entitled 'Out of

fictional hospital used the Red Court building on Holbeck Road, within Scarborough's South Cliff, and included the nearby park area and Holbeck Clock Tower; scenes were shot during the summer months. The remaining scenes outside the hospital covered the area of the North Riding of Yorkshire, including Whitby and Scarborough. Below is the list of ratings of The Royal, giving an overall result for each series. In 2007, ITV commissioned a daytime spin-off of ""The Royal"", entitled ""The Royal Today"". The spin-off focused on the same settings of the main show, but set in the present day with a new

The Royal The Royal is a British period medical drama produced by ITV and aired normally on Sundays in the early evening slot; episodes after 21 June 2009, were also broadcast on ITV HD. The show consisted of eight series of one-hour episodes and was broadcast on ITV from 2003 until the show was cancelled in 2011, with repeats continuing on ITV3. The show is set in the 1960s and focuses on the fictional ""St Aidan's Royal Free Hospital"", an NHS hospital serving the fictional rural seaside town of Elsinby and its surrounding area. The show began as a spin-off

"Fort Belvedere, Surrey"
by the use of Crown Lands is nothing more than a piece of bluff, and the first excuse that the king has been able to find to deprive me of my right to occupy the place should I ever desire to do so ..."" Edward believed that the incident was an example of his 'brother's failure to keep his word to me' after the fort had apparently been reserved for him if he should reside once more in England. In 1977 the fort was used extensively for the filming of ""Edward & Mrs. Simpson"", an ITV serialisation of Edward and

"Granada Studios"
Granada Studios Granada Studios (also known as Quay Street Studios and affectionately as Granadaland) were television studios on Quay Street in Manchester with the facility to broadcast live and recorded programmes. They were the headquarters of Granada Television and later ITV Granada between 1956 and 2013. At the time of their closure, the studios were the oldest operating purpose-built television studios in the United Kingdom. The studios were home to the world's longest-running serial drama, ""Coronation Street"", and other long-running shows such as the quiz show ""University Challenge"" and the current affairs documentary series ""World in Action"". Firsts at the

"The Queen (2006 film)"
changed about how the royal family should react to a new Britain, so must he as he may very well find himself in the same position of changing public opinion. The screenplay was written by Peter Morgan. It was produced by Pathé Pictures and Granada Productions (ITV Productions). Stephen Frears had a clause in his contract from ""The Deal"" that allowed him to direct any follow-ups or sequels, and he was officially announced as director in September 2003. The film was shot on location in the United Kingdom, in England in London, Halton House and Waddesdon Manor, in Buckinghamshire, Brocket

"The Palace"
The Palace The Palace is a British drama television series that aired on ITV in 2008. Produced by Company Pictures for the ITV network, it was created by Tom Grieves and follows a fictional British Royal Family in the aftermath of the death of King James III and the succession of his 24-year-old son, King Richard IV, played by Rupert Evans. It also stars Jane Asher and Zoe Telford. The series was filmed on location in Lithuania in 2007 and broadcast from 14 January to 3 March 2008. It was cancelled after one series due to low viewing figures. On

"Royal Fort House"
a mirror maze (called ""Follow Me"") designed by the internationally recognised artist Jeppe Hein. In 2016 a new installation called 'Hollow' was produced by Katie Paterson (with the assistance of Zeller & Moye); which brings together samples taken from 10,000 species of wood that grow throughout the world. It is now owned by the University of Bristol, who were given the estate as a gift by Henry Herbert Wills of the Bristol tobacco company W. D. & H. O. Wills. For many years it housed the university's Music Department (which in 1996 moved to the Victoria Rooms), then became a

studios, each covering over . The studios were owned by ITV Studios and BBC Resources through a joint venture company, 3SixtyMedia. After a dip in production during the early 2000s, the studios underwent a revival from 2009 until their closure. ""Countdown"" moved to Manchester from the Leeds Studios in 2009. Programmes such as ""John Bishop's Britain"", ""The Chase"", ""Divided"", ""Take Me Out"" and ""High Stakes"" were recorded here and the studios hosted the first ever General Election debate in April 2010. The studios closed in June 2013, and ITV Granada and ITV Studios moved to dock10, MediaCityUK in Salford Quays

"Hair transplantation"
Hair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body known as the 'recipient site'. The technique is primarily used to treat male pattern baldness. In this minimally invasive procedure, grafts containing hair follicles that are genetically resistant to balding (like the back of the head) are transplanted to the bald scalp. Hair transplantation can also be used to restore eyelashes, eyebrows, beard hair, chest hair, pubic hair and to fill in scars caused by accidents or surgery such

contribute to poor graft survival. Post operative antibiotics are commonly prescribed to prevent wound or graft infections. Transplant operations are performed on an outpatient basis, with mild sedation (optional) and injected local anesthesia. The scalp is shampooed and then treated with an antibacterial agent prior to the donor scalp being harvested. There are several different techniques for harvesting hair follicles, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Regardless of the harvesting technique, proper extraction of the hair follicle is paramount to ensure the viability of the transplanted hair and avoid transection, the cutting of the hair shaft from the hair

donor hair on the chest, back, shoulders, torso and/or legs. Body hair transplant surgery can only be performed by the FUE harvesting method and, so, requires the skills of an experienced FUE surgeon. However, there are several factors for a potential BHT candidate to consider prior to surgery. These include understanding the natural difference in textural characteristics between body hair and scalp hair, growth rates, and having realistic expectations about the results of BHT surgery. Advances in wound care allow for semi-permeable dressing, which allow seepage of blood and tissue fluid, to be applied and changed at least daily. The

sites for receiving the grafts, placing them in a predetermined density and pattern, and angling the wounds in a consistent fashion to promote a realistic hair pattern. The technicians generally do the final part of the procedure, inserting the individual grafts in place. Strip harvesting will leave a thin linear scar in the donor area, which is typically covered by a patient's hair even at relatively short lengths. The recovery period is around 2 weeks and will require the stitches/staples to be removed by medical personnel or sub cuticular suturing can be done. With Follicular Unit Extraction or FUE harvesting,

slits versus parallel (sagittal) slits, however, has been heavily debated in patient-based hair transplant communities. Many elite hair transplant surgeons typically adopt a combination of both methods based on what is best for the individual patient. Stem cells and dermal papilla cells have been discovered in hair follicles. Research on these follicular cells may lead to successes in treating baldness through hair multiplication (HM), also known as hair cloning. Hair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body

vulnerable recipient area must be shielded from the sun, and shampooing is started two days after the surgery. Some surgeons will have the patient shampoo the day after surgery. Shampooing is important to prevent scabs from forming around the hair shaft. Scabs adhere to the hair shaft and increase the risk of losing newly transplanted hair follicles during the first 7 to 10 days post-op. During the first ten days, some of the transplanted hairs, inevitably traumatized by their relocation, may fall out. This is referred to as ""shock loss"". After two to three months new hair will begin to

as face-lifts and previous hair transplants. Hair transplantation differs from skin grafting in that grafts contain almost all of the epidermis and dermis surrounding the hair follicle, and many tiny grafts are transplanted rather than a single strip of skin. Since hair naturally grows in groupings of 1 to 4 hairs, current techniques harvest and transplant hair ""follicular units"" in their natural groupings. Thus modern hair transplantation can achieve a natural appearance by mimicking original hair orientation. This hair transplant procedure is called follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Donor hair can be harvested in two different ways: strip harvesting, and follicular

"Hair prosthesis"
Hair prosthesis A hair prosthesis (or cranial prosthesis) is a custom-made wig specifically designed for patients who have lost their hair as a result of medical conditions or treatments, such as alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, trichotillomania, chemotherapy, or any other clinical disease or treatment resulting in hair loss. The terminology is used when applying for medical insurance or tax deduction status. Doctors have been prescribing these prostheses since the 1950s. Cranial prostheses also help to protect disease-weakened immune systems from the sun, and to regulate body temperature. Cranial hair prostheses have advanced due to technology. A cranial hair prosthesis is

follicle. Hair follicles grow at a slight angle to the skin's surface, so transplanted tissue must be removed at a corresponding angle. There are two main ways in which donor grafts are extracted today: strip excision harvesting, and follicular unit extraction. Strip harvesting is the most common technique for removing hair and follicles from a donor site. The surgeon harvests a strip of skin from the posterior scalp, in an area of good hair growth. A single-, double-, or triple-bladed scalpel is used to remove strips of hair-bearing tissue from the donor site. Each incision is planned so that intact

"Hair care"
Hair care Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair. Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair. Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring and threading. Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use. Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US)

ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system). However, this maximum yield is never quite reached because of losses due to leaky membranes as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix, and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose. Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 molecules ATP per 1 molecule glucose).

cycle. The citric acid cycle is an 8-step process involving 18 different enzymes and co-enzymes. During the cycle, acetyl-CoA (2 carbons) + oxaloacetate (4 carbons) yields citrate (6 carbons), which is rearranged to a more reactive form called isocitrate (6 carbons). Isocitrate is modified to become α-ketoglutarate (5 carbons), succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and, finally, oxaloacetate. The net gain of high-energy compounds from one cycle is 3 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 GTP; the GTP may subsequently be used to produce ATP. Thus, the total yield from 1 glucose molecule (2 pyruvate molecules) is 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2

"Cofactor (biochemistry)"
remove electrons from their substrates and reduce NAD to NADH. This reduced cofactor is then a substrate for any of the reductases in the cell that require electrons to reduce their substrates. Therefore, these cofactors are continuously recycled as part of metabolism. As an example, the total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. This ATP is constantly being broken down into ADP, and then converted back into ATP. Thus, at any given time, the total amount of ATP + ADP remains fairly constant. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 100 to

"Cori cycle"
supplied to the muscles through the bloodstream; it is ready to be fed into further glycolysis reactions. If muscle activity has stopped, the glucose is used to replenish the supplies of glycogen through glycogenesis. Overall, the glycolysis part of the cycle produces 2 ATP molecules at a cost of 6 ATP molecules consumed in the gluconeogenesis part. Each iteration of the cycle must be maintained by a net consumption of 4 ATP molecules. As a result, the cycle cannot be sustained indefinitely. The intensive consumption of ATP molecules indicates that the Cori cycle shifts the metabolic burden from the muscles

150 moles of ATP daily, which is around 50 to 75 kg. In typical situations, humans use up their body weight of ATP over the course of the day. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 1000 to 1500 times daily. Organic cofactors, such as ATP and NADH, are present in all known forms of life and form a core part of metabolism. Such universal conservation indicates that these molecules evolved very early in the development of living things. At least some of the current set of cofactors may, therefore, have been present in the last universal ancestor, which

coenzymes are oxidized by the electron transport chain and used for oxidative phosphorylation. Although there is a theoretical yield of 38 ATP molecules per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized because of losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are actively transported using carriers that utilize the stored energy in the proton electrochemical gradient. The outcome of these transport processes using the proton electrochemical gradient is that more than 3 H are needed to make 1 ATP. Obviously this reduces the theoretical

to make ATP but generates heat. This is particularly important in brown fat thermogenesis of newborn and hibernating mammals. According to some of newer sources the ATP yield during aerobic respiration is not 36–38, but only about 30–32 ATP molecules / 1 molecule of glucose , because: So finally we have, per molecule of glucose Altogether this gives 4 + 3 (or 5) + 20 + 3 = 30 (or 32) ATP per molecule of glucose The total ATP yield in ethanol or lactic acid fermentation is only 2 molecules coming from glycolysis, because pyruvate is not transferred to the

lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid), generating energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced, however, two are consumed as part of the preparatory phase. The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to increase the reactivity (decrease its stability) in order for the molecule to be cleaved into two pyruvate molecules by the enzyme aldolase. During the pay-off phase of glycolysis, four phosphate groups are transferred to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to make four ATP, and two

"Respiratory exchange ratio"
Respiratory exchange ratio The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio between the amount of carbon dioxide (CO) produced in metabolism and oxygen (O) used. The ratio is determined by comparing exhaled gases to room air. Measuring this ratio can be used for estimating the respiratory quotient (RQ), an indicator of which fuel (carbohydrate or fat) is being metabolized to supply the body with energy. This estimation is only valid if metabolism is in a steady state. RER is about 0.8 at rest with a modern diet. This value, however, can exceed 1 during intense exercise, as CO production by

"Oxidative phosphorylation"
The amount of energy released by oxidative phosphorylation is high, compared with the amount produced by anaerobic fermentation. Glycolysis produces only 2 ATP molecules, but somewhere between 30 and 36 ATPs are produced by the oxidative phosphorylation of the 10 NADH and 2 succinate molecules made by converting one molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, while each cycle of beta oxidation of a fatty acid yields about 14 ATPs. These ATP yields are theoretical maximum values; in practice, some protons leak across the membrane, lowering the yield of ATP. The electron transport chain carries both protons and electrons,

"Red Guards (Finland)"
and labour activists were not allowed to join. The food shortage launched a large number of agricultural strikes during the summer of 1917. On 13 July, a violent clash between the striking farm workers and their employers occurred in the Western Finnish municipality of Huittinen. The incident is often seen as the beginning of the events which finally led to the Civil War in January 1918. After the Huittinen riot, the right-wing farmers in the Satakunta province started forming ""Protection Guards"" and were soon followed in other parts of the country. The labour movement responded by establishing ""Workers' Order Guards"".

"Red Guards (Russia)"
Russian Empire, including territories outside the contemporary Russian Federation such as Finland, Estonia, Ukraine, and others. They were not centralized and were formed by decision of a local political party and local soviet members. By fighting to protect and extend the power of the soviets, they aided the creation of a new state that (according to its original conception) would give ""all power to the soviets"": the Soviet Union. Composing the majority of the urban population, they were the main strike force of several radically oriented socialist political factions. Red Guard units were created in March 1917 at manufacturing companies

"Red Army"
duty in territorial units, which constituted about half the army's strength, each year, for five years. The first call-up period was for three months, with one month a year thereafter. A regular cadre provided a stable nucleus. By 1925 this system provided 46 of the 77 infantry divisions and one of the eleven cavalry divisions. The remainder consisted of regular officers and enlisted personnel serving two-year terms. The territorial system was finally abolished, with all remaining formations converted to the other cadre divisions, in 1937–1938. The Soviet military received ample funding and was innovative in its technology. An American journalist

"Red Guards"
campaign included numerous incidents of torture, murder, and public humiliation. Many people who were targets of 'struggle' could no longer bear the stress and committed suicide. In August and September 1966, there were 1,772 people murdered in Beijing alone. In Shanghai there were 704 suicides and 534 deaths related to the Cultural Revolution in September. In Wuhan there were 62 suicides and 32 murders during the same period. Intellectuals were to suffer the brunt of these attacks. Many were ousted from official posts such as university teaching and allocated manual tasks such as ""sweeping courtyards, building walls and cleaning toilets

"Russian Guards"
Russian Guards Guards () or Guards units (, ""gvardeyskiye chasti"") were elite military units of Imperial Russia prior to 1917-18. The designation of Guards was subsequently adopted as a distinction for various units and formations of the Soviet Union and the modern Russian Federation. The tradition goes back to a chieftain's ""druzhina"" of medieval Kievan Rus' and the Marksman Troops (Стрелецкое Войско), the Muscovite harquebusiers formed by Ivan the Terrible by 1550. The exact meaning of the term ""Guards"" varied over time. In the Russian Empire, Imperial Russian Guard units (also ""lifguard"" or ""life-guard"", ), derived from German ""Leibgarde"" (en:

"Red Gate"
Contemporary 18th-century engravings present different variations of the type (notably, Alexey Zubov's 1711 engraving showing troops marching through seven different gates). It is believed that these gates influenced traditional Moscow architects in favor of Petrine Baroque, producing masterpieces like the Church of St. John the Warrior. An extant example of private estate gates following the same layout belongs to the former Golitsyn estate on Volkhonka street (adjacent to Pushkin Museum). The first true triumphal gates in Russia were installed by Peter I of Russia, intended for his generals' and his own triumphant rides. The earliest are dated 1697 (Capture of

generally believing the sanctity of his words and making serious efforts to figure out what they meant. Factions quickly formed based on individual interpretations of Mao's statements. All groups pledged loyalty to Mao and claimed to have his best interests in mind, yet they continually engaged in verbal and physical skirmishes all throughout the Cultural Revolution. Youth from families with party-members and of revolutionary origin joined conservative factions. These factions focused on the socio-political status quo, keeping within their localities and working to challenge existing distributions of power and privilege. Those from the countryside and without ties to the Chinese

Most of them were members of the Finnish Trade Union Federation. The number of middle-class people was very small. The average age was between 20 and 30, the youngest fighters were only 15 to 16-years-old. The Red military units consisted of infantry, artillery and a small unit of cavalry. Weapons and other equipment were mostly received from the Russian troops. In the beginning of February, a train commanded by Jukka Rahja arrived from Saint Petersburg, carrying a cargo of 15,000 rifles, machine-guns, artillery pieces and 2 million cartridges, which the commander-in-chief Ali Aaltonen had purchased from the Bolsheviks. The Reds

the Finnish Civil War. The Red Guards came about during the general strike in November 1905. It started as a joint effort of the Social Democratic labour movement and the political right against the Russification of Finland. The strike lasted only a week, but in the final days the different views created a deep gap between the two parties. Also the ""National Guard"", established for law enforcement as the police participated the strike as well, was split in two; to the working-class Red Guards and the Protection Corps of the bourgeois side. Some minor incidents followed, especially in the capital

"Red Army"
wrote in 1941: Under Stalin's campaign for mechanization, the army formed its first mechanized unit in 1930. The 1st Mechanized Brigade consisted of a tank regiment, a motorized infantry regiment, as well as reconnaissance and artillery battalions. From this humble beginning, the Soviets would go on to create the first operational-level armored formations in history, the 11th and 45th Mechanized Corps, in 1932. These were tank-heavy formations with combat support forces included so they could survive while operating in enemy rear areas without support from a parent front. Impressed by the German campaign of 1940 against France, the Soviet People's

"History of genetics"
History of genetics The history of genetics dates from the classical era with contributions by Hippocrates, Aristotle and Epicurus. Modern biology began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel. His work on pea plants, published in 1866,what is now Mendelian inheritance. Some theories of heredity suggest in the centuries before and for several decades after Mendel's work. The year 1900 marked the ""rediscovery of Mendel"" by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak, and by 1915 the basic principles of Mendelian genetics had been applied to a wide variety of organisms—most notably the fruit fly

"Gregor Mendel"
Gregor Mendel Gregor Johann Mendel (; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) () was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws

Genetics
Genetics Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar, discovered genetics in the late 19th-century. Mendel studied ""trait inheritance"", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete ""units of inheritance"". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but

Judah HaLevi described dominant and recessive genetic traits in The Kuzari. In the 18th century, with increased knowledge of plant and animal diversity and the accompanying increased focus on taxonomy, new ideas about heredity began to appear. Linnaeus and others (among them Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter, Carl Friedrich von Gärtner, and Charles Naudin) conducted extensive experiments with hybridization, especially species hybrids. Species hybridizers described a wide variety of inheritance phenomena, include hybrid sterility and the high variability of back-crosses. Plant breeders were also developing an array of stable varieties in many important plant species. In the early 19th century, Augustin Sageret

Hippocrates and Aristotle. Hippocrates' theory (possibly based on the teachings of Anaxagoras) was similar to Darwin's later ideas on pangenesis, involving heredity material that collects from throughout the body. Aristotle suggested instead that the (nonphysical) form-giving principle of an organism was transmitted through semen (which he considered to be a purified form of blood) and the mother's menstrual blood, which interacted in the womb to direct an organism's early development. For both Hippocrates and Aristotle—and nearly all Western scholars through to the late 19th century—the inheritance of acquired characters was a supposedly well-established fact that any adequate theory of heredity

"Classical genetics"
genetics is often referred to as the oldest form of genetics, and began with Gregor Mendel's experiments that formulated and defined a fundamental biological concept known as Mendelian Inheritance. Mendelian Inheritance is the process in which genes and traits are passed from a set of parents to their offspring. These inherited traits are passed down mechanistically with one gene from one parent and the second gene from another parent in sexually reproducing organisms. This creates the pair of genes in diploid organisms. Gregor Mendel started his experimentation and study of inheritance with phenotypes of garden peas and continued the experiments

cousin, Francis Galton. In 1883 August Weismann conducted experiments involving breeding mice whose tails had been surgically removed. His results — that surgically removing a mouse's tail had no effect on the tail of its offspring — challenged the theories of pangenesis and Lamarckism, which held that changes to an organism during its lifetime could be inherited by its descendants. Weismann proposed the germ plasm theory of inheritance, which held that hereditary information was carried only in sperm and egg cells. Hugo de Vries wondered what the nature of germ plasm might be, and in particular he wondered whether or

"William Bateson"
William Bateson William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns. His 1894 book ""Materials for the Study of Variation"" was one of the earliest formulations of the new approach to genetics. Bateson was born in Whitby on the Yorkshire coast, the son of William Henry Bateson, Master of St John's College, Cambridge. He was educated at Rugby

"Hugo de Vries"
Hugo de Vries Hugo Marie de Vries ForMemRS (; 16 February 1848 – 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, for introducing the term ""mutation"", and for developing a mutation theory of evolution. De Vries was born in 1848, the eldest son of Gerrit de Vries (1818–1900), a lawyer and deacon in the Mennonite congregation in Haarlem and later Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1872 until 1874, and Maria

had to explain. At the same time, individual species were taken to have a fixed essence; such inherited changes were merely superficial. The Athenian philosopher Epicurus observed families and proposed the contribution of both males and females of hereditary characters (""sperm atoms""), noticed dominant and recessive types of inheritance and described segregation and independent assortment of ""sperm atoms"" In the Charaka Samhita of 300CE, ancient Indian medical writers saw the characteristics of the child as determined by four factors: 1) those from the mother’s reproductive material, (2) those from the father’s sperm, (3) those from the diet of the pregnant

"Mandy (name)"
Mandy (name) Mandy can be used as a given name, a diminutive, or a nickname, for both female and male genders. It is often used as a diminutive (i.e. short form, see hypocorism) of the female names Amanda or Miranda, or as a given name in its own right. It is also used as a nickname for the male names Armand, Armando, Mandel or Emmanuel. Variants, for both male and female, include Mandi, Mandie and Manda. Its usage as a popular female name can be traced back to at least the beginning of the 20th century, with the song ""Mandy""

by Irving Berlin in 1919, and the Joyce Lankester Brisley's children's books of Milly-Molly-Mandy in the 1920s. The pop song ""Mandy"" by Barry Manilow (1974) and the Irish boyband Westlife (2003) speak to the resurgent popularity of the name in recent times. Mandy (name) Mandy can be used as a given name, a diminutive, or a nickname, for both female and male genders. It is often used as a diminutive (i.e. short form, see hypocorism) of the female names Amanda or Miranda, or as a given name in its own right. It is also used as a nickname for the

Amanda
Amanda Amanda is a Latin female gerundive name meaning ""deserving to be loved,"" ""worthy of love,"" or ""loved very much by everyone."" Its diminutive form includes Mandy, Manda and Amy. The name ""Amanda"" first appeared in 1212 on a birth record from Warwickshire, England, and five centuries later the name was popularized by poets and playwrights. In the United States, ""Amanda"" slowly became more prominent from the 1930s to the 1960s, ranking among the top 200 baby names. From 1976 to 1995, ""Amanda"" ranked in the ten most popular female baby names in the United States. The name was most

Milly-Molly-Mandy
Milly-Molly-Mandy Milly-Molly-Mandy refers to a series of children's books written and illustrated by Joyce Lankester Brisley, as well as to the main character of those books. Each book has a number of short stories about the little girl in the pink-and-white striped dress. The length of each chapter is well matched to the needs of a bedtime story for children aged roughly five to eight. The illustrations show Milly-Molly-Mandy growing from about age four through to age eight, as can be seen by her physical development. Milly-Molly-Mandy's real name is Millicent Margaret Amanda, but she was given the nickname because

"Mandy (Irving Berlin song)"
Mandy (Irving Berlin song) ""Mandy"" is a popular song by Irving Berlin, published in 1919. ""Mandy"" was originally used for an Army relief show called ""Yip Yip Yaphank"" during World War I (but later cut). For the number, soldiers in the show dressed in blackface and in drag. This song and chorus line was also re-created for the 1943 Warner Brothers ""This Is The Army"". The number became a hit when it was re-used in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1919, where it was performed by Eddie Cantor and Marilyn Miller. This song was performed by Eddie Cantor, Ethel Merman, Ann

"Mandy (comics)"
most stories lasting for 8-12 instalments. Some recurring theme elements of ""Mandy"" stories were: Stories were generally moralistic in tone, with long-suffering heroines finally achieving happiness, while villainous relatives or girls who were liars, cheats and bullies received their comeuppance. Two of the longest-running and most popular picture stories, which also featured in almost every annual, were ""Angel"" and ""Valda"". ""Angel"" centred on Angela Hamilton, a young, wealthy Victorian girl who discovers she has only a year to live and decides to devote her remaining time to caring for orphaned and unwanted children in the slums of the East End

"Emmy (given name)"
people with the name include: As a familiar form of Emma As a familiar form of Emilie As a familiar form of Emmanuel(le) Other Fictional characters Emmy (given name) Emmy is a feminine (sometimes also masculine) given name. Orthographic variants include Emme, Emmi and Emmie. The name is in many instances a hypocoristic of either Emma (itself being in origin a hypocoristic of a number of ancient Germanic names beginning in ""ermen"") or (more rarely) Emily, or Emmanuel (Emmanuelle). It came to be used as a separate (rare) German name, given officially in Germany from the later 19th century. As

Fiona
Fiona Fiona is a feminine given name. It was invented and first used by the Scottish poet James Macpherson (1736–96), author of the ""Ossian"" poems which he claimed were translations from ancient Gaelic sources (sources which, when challenged, he never produced). The name was subsequently used as a pseudonym by William Sharp (1855–1905), who authored several romantic works under the name ""Fiona Macleod"". The name has since become popular in England, Scotland and Ireland. The name is considered to be a Latinised form of the Gaelic word ""fionn"", meaning ""white"", ""fair"". The name ""Fiona"" is also sometimes used as an

"Mandy (2018 film)"
Icelandic composer Jóhann Jóhannsson, who died in February 2018; the film is dedicated to him. Somewhere near the Shadow Mountains in the year 1983, Red Miller lives with his girlfriend, artist Mandy Bloom, in a cabin near the lake. Red works as a logger, while Mandy has a day job as a cashier at a nearby gas station in the woods. She creates elaborate fantasy art, and Red admires her work greatly. They lead a quiet and reclusive life, and their conversations and behavior hint at a difficult past and psychological hardship. Red appears to be a recovering alcoholic and

given the state of inventions; cars are just spreading into general use but there are no telephones, household electricity or aeroplanes as a rule. These simple tales were originally published in the Christian Science Monitor. While acknowledging that the stories have been sometimes represented as twee and sentimental, Lucy Mangan, writing in ""The Guardian"", describes them as delightful and comforting: ""each story is a miniature masterpiece, as clear, warm and precise as the illustrations by the author that accompanied them"". Milly-Molly-Mandy books include: In 1973 the name was used as the title of a song by British child singer Glyn

"The Mindy Project"
The Mindy Project The Mindy Project was an American romantic comedy television series that premiered on Fox on September 25, 2012. It then began airing on Hulu on September 15, 2015. The series, created by and starring Mindy Kaling, was co-produced by Universal Television and 3 Arts Entertainment. On March 29, 2017, ""The Mindy Project"" was renewed for a sixth and final season, which premiered on September 12, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The series follows obstetrician/gynecologist Mindy Lahiri (Mindy Kaling) as she tries to balance her personal and professional life, surrounded by quirky co-workers in a small

which was later reduced to 14. On March 29, 2017, Kaling announced the series would return for a sixth and final season; the final episode of the series aired on November 14, 2017. Casting announcements for the remaining series regular roles began in February 2012, with Ed Weeks cast in the role of Dr. Jeremy Reed, a sexy, British doctor in the practice. Zoe Jarman and Dana Delorenzo then joined in series regular roles. Jarman signed on to play Betsy Putch, an upbeat receptionist at the practice; whilst Delorenzo joined as Shauna Dicanio, a young, party loving receptionist in the

of ""The Mindy Project"". On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season, which began on September 17, 2013. On November 21, 2013, Fox announced that ""The Mindy Project"" would take a mid-season hiatus, before returning on April 1, 2014. Fox announced the third season renewal of ""The Mindy Project"" on March 7, 2014. On May 6, 2015, Fox cancelled the series after three seasons. On May 15, 2015 Hulu picked up the show, commissioning a 26 episode fourth season. On May 4, 2016, Hulu announced it had picked up the series for a 16-episode season 5,

the twelfth episode. Despite becoming a recurring cast member, Camp only made a single appearance in the seventeenth episode. Neither Setton or Camp's characters had their absence referenced, nor were they mentioned again. The first change for the second season, which occurred before production of the season began, saw Xosha Roquemore upgraded to a series regular role after recurring in the final three episodes of the previous season. The second change, which occurred just prior to the production of the season's fifth episode, resulted in Adam Pally also being upgraded to a series regular role. He had previously signed onto

the series in a recurring role but had filmed only two episodes prior to being promoted. The first change of the third season occurred prior to the start of production and saw Zoe Jarman's role eliminated from the show. Like Setton and Camp's departures in the first season, the absence of her character was never addressed. The second cast change of the season was announced on November 21, 2014, and saw Adam Pally leave the series after the season's thirteenth episode. His departure after the thirteenth episode of the season was a condition of his upgrade to a series regular

Charmed
is ""a bubbly college freshman"" with the power to hear people's thoughts. Madeleine Mantock was cast as Macy, Melonie Diaz was cast as Mel, and Sarah Jeffery was cast as Maggie. Rupert Evans plays the trio's whitelighter Harry, while Ser'Darius Blain plays Macy's love interest Galvin. Additionally, Charlie Gillespie plays Maggie's former high school boyfriend Brian, while Ellen Tamaki plays Mel's detective girlfriend Niko. ""Charmed"" premiered on The CW on October 14, 2018, 20 years after the original series' premiere. It airs on Sunday nights at 9:00 pm, returning The CW to original programming on Sunday evenings for the first

"Charmed (2018 TV series)"
way executive producer Jennie Snyder Urman ""reimagined"" the series. In October 2018, it was announced that Nick Hargrove was cast as Parker initially in a recurring capacity and later promoted to a series regular. ""Charmed"" is filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. The pilot episode was filmed from March 19 to April 7, 2018. Filming for the remainder of the first season began on August 13, 2018. In the United States, ""Charmed"" premiered on The CW on October 14, 2018. It airs on Sunday nights at 9:00 pm, with ""Supergirl"" as its lead-in at 8:00 pm. The pairing of ""Charmed"" and

change occurred when Stephen Tobolowsky's role was eliminated after the second episode – following re-shoots that saw his character be re-written into a mere authoritarian figure in the office – when it was decided that ""they didn't really want Mindy to have a boss in the office"". Tobolowsky returned, albeit in a voice-over only role, in the eighth episode to explain that his character had retired. The second change of the season, which was first reported on November 20, 2012, saw Amanda Setton's role also eliminated entirely and Anna Camp downgraded to a recurring cast member. They both departed after

was released from NBC's projects on January 27, 2012. NBC then sent the script to Fox executives who read it over that following weekend. On January 30, 2012, Fox greenlit the pilot, with Mindy Kaling attached to star. On May 9, 2012, Fox placed a series order for the comedy. Two days later, the title was changed from ""It's Messy"" to ""The Mindy Project."" On August 27, 2012, the pilot episode was made available to view online on various sites including Fox, in an attempt to garner interest in the series. On October 8, 2012, Fox ordered a full season

Charmed (2018 TV series) Charmed is an American fantasy drama television series developed by Jennie Snyder Urman, Jessica O'Toole, and Amy Rardin. It is a reboot of The WB series of the same name, created by Constance M. Burge, which originally aired from 1998 to 2006. ""Charmed"" was ordered to pilot in January 2018 by The CW and received a series order in May 2018. The series, which premiered in the United States on October 14, 2018, follows the lives of three sisters—Macy (Madeleine Mantock), Mel (Melonie Diaz) and Maggie (Sarah Jeffery)—who, after the death of their mother, discover they

Darbazi
Darbazi Darbazi (; from , ""gate"") is a term used in Georgia to describe a chamber with a distinctive ""swallow dome""-type roof structure found in the traditional domestic architecture of Asia Minor and the South Caucasus. The central feature is a pyramidal vault (""gvirgvini""), supported on pillars and constructed of a stepped series of hewn logs and beams, with a central opening at the top which serves as a window and smoke flue. The Roman authority Vitruvius (1st century BC) includes in his ""De architectura"" a description of a Colchian dwelling, the ancient prototype of a ""darbazi"". Such lantern roofs

"Ka'ba-ye Zartosht"
walls. The limestone blocks were brought from Mount Sivand, where they were quarried in a place called Na'l Shekan (""horseshoe breaker""), to Naqsh-e Rustam in order to build the Ka'ba. These blocks were chiselled into large, mostly rectangular pieces and are put in place atop each other without using mortar; in some places, such as the rooftop, the stones are connected to each other by dovetail joints. The size of the stones varies from to ; however in the west wall, there is a flat stone that is long. Four large rectangular pieces of stone form the ceiling/roof, placed along

Darbazi
structures—widespread in Italy, Syria, and elsewhere—never attained popularity in Georgia. Darbazi Darbazi (; from , ""gate"") is a term used in Georgia to describe a chamber with a distinctive ""swallow dome""-type roof structure found in the traditional domestic architecture of Asia Minor and the South Caucasus. The central feature is a pyramidal vault (""gvirgvini""), supported on pillars and constructed of a stepped series of hewn logs and beams, with a central opening at the top which serves as a window and smoke flue. The Roman authority Vitruvius (1st century BC) includes in his ""De architectura"" a description of a Colchian

Burdei
of two sunken buildings excavated on the site, one of the late sixth or early seventh century, the other of the ninth. The sixth- to seventh-century feature was relatively large (4.20 x 4.60 m) and deep (80 cm under the original ground). The excavation of the rectangular pit represented some fifteen cubic meters of earth. The excavation, as well as other, more complex, operations, such as binding horizontal sticks on the truss or felling and transport of trees, required a minimum of two persons. The building of the house took 860 hours, which included the felling of trees for rafters

"Burzahom archaeological site"
made of bones (of antlers used for making tools) and stones (harpoons, needles with or without eyes, awls). Carbon dating established that the Neolithic culture of this site was traceable to the 3rd millennium BC, the earliest occupation at the site was dated to before 2,357 BC. The pottery found at the site were in an early stage of hand crafting, of the coarse variety, in steel-grey, dull red, brown, and buff colours with mat prints at the bottom; they were in the shape of bowl, vase and stem. The antiquities did not reveal any signs of burials sites. Late

Mudhif
dimensions of a mudhif are: 21 metres long, 7 metres wide and 15 metres at its peak. In the construction of a mudhif, reeds are bundled and woven into thick columns; larger and thicker reeds are bent across and tied to form parabolic arches which make up the building's spine. These arches are strengthened by the pre-stressing of the columns, as they are initially inserted into the soil at opposing angles. A series of arches define the building's form. Long cross beams of smaller bundled reeds are laid across the arches and tied. Woven mats of reeds form the building

Burdei
a door, a wood stove, and a bed platform would be installed. A typical burdei measured no more than two by four metres. The burdei was a temporary refuge until a ""proper"" home of poplar logs and mud/straw plaster could be built. Mennonites from Imperial Russia settled in the Hillsboro region of Kansas, and also built burdei housings as temporary shelters. This type of shelter was also called a ""zemlyanka"" or a ""saraj"" (a Low German spelling for a Russian word meaning ""shed""). The March 20, 1875, issue of the national weekly newspaper ""Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper"" described the structures:

Izba
Izba An izba () is a traditional Russian countryside dwelling. Often a log house, it forms the living quarters of a conventional Russian farmstead. It is generally built close to the road and inside a yard, which also encloses a kitchen garden, hay shed, and barn within a simple woven stick fence. Traditional, old-style izba construction involved the use of simple tools, such as ropes, axes, knives, and spades. Nails were not generally used, as metal was relatively expensive, and neither were saws a common construction tool. Both interior and exterior are of split pine tree trunks, the gap between

"Cob (material)"
wall. Some of the oldest man-made structures in Afghanistan are composed of rammed earth and cob. Cobwork (""tabya"") was used in the Maghreb and al-Andalus in the 11th and 12th centuries, and was described in detail by Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century. Cob material is known by many names including ""adobe"", ""lump clay"", ""puddled clay"", ""chalk mud"", ""wichert"", ""clay daubins"", ""swish"" (Asante Twi), ""torchis"" (French), ""bauge"" (French), ""bousille"" (French mud with moss), and ""cat and clay"". Cob structures can be found in a variety of climates across the globe. European examples include: Many old cob buildings can be found

"Yakhchāl"
mountains for storage or to seed the icing process. The building allows cold air to pour in from entries at the base of the structure and descend to the lowest part of the yakhchāl, large underground spaces up to in volume. At the same time, the tall conical shape of the building guides any remaining heat upward and outside through openings at the very top of the building, and through this active process the air inside the yakhchāl remains cooler than the outside. The yakhchāl is built of a unique water resistant mortar called sarooj, composed of sand, clay, egg

the inner sanctuary of the parthenon where the statue of athena is located in known as the

Parthenon
Parthenon The Parthenon (; ; , ""Parthenónas"") is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC, although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of

Parthenon
pirates are also credited with sacking Athens in 276, and destroying most of the public buildings there, including the Parthenon. Repairs were made in the fourth century AD, possibly during the reign of Julian the Apostate. A new wooden roof overlaid with clay tiles was installed to cover the sanctuary. It sloped at a greater incline than the original roof and left the building's wings exposed. The Parthenon survived as a temple dedicated to Athena for nearly one thousand years until Theodosius II, during the Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, decreed in 435 AD that all pagan

Parthenon
an apse built where the temple's pronaos was formerly located. A large central portal with surrounding side-doors was made in the wall dividing the cella, which became the church's nave, from the rear chamber, the church's narthex. The spaces between the columns of the ""opisthodomus"" and the peristyle were walled up, though a number of doorways still permitted access. Icons were painted on the walls and many Christian inscriptions were carved into the Parthenon's columns. These renovations inevitably led to the removal and dispersal of some of the sculptures. Those depicting gods were either possibly re-interpreted according to a Christian

Parthenon
on the north and south sides. They were carved in high relief, a practice employed until then only in treasuries (buildings used to keep votive gifts to the gods). According to the building records, the metope sculptures date to the years 446–440 BC. The metopes of the east side of the Parthenon, above the main entrance, depict the Gigantomachy (the mythical battle between the Olympian gods and the Giants). The metopes of the west end show the Amazonomachy (the mythical battle of the Athenians against the Amazons). The metopes of the south side show the Thessalian Centauromachy (battle of the

Colosseum
podium on which stands a tall attic, both of which are pierced by windows interspersed at regular intervals. The arcades are framed by half-columns of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, while the attic is decorated with Corinthian pilasters. Each of the arches in the second- and third-floor arcades framed statues, probably honoring divinities and other figures from Classical mythology. Two hundred and forty mast corbels were positioned around the top of the attic. They originally supported a retractable awning, known as the ""velarium"", that kept the sun and rain off spectators. This consisted of a canvas-covered, net-like structure made

Parthenon
proportions of the Parthenon do not match the golden proportion. The cella of the Parthenon housed the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos sculpted by Phidias and dedicated in 439 or 438 BC. The appearance of this is known from other images. The decorative stonework was originally highly coloured. The temple was dedicated to Athena at that time, though construction continued until almost the beginning of the Peloponnesian War in 432. By the year 438, the sculptural decoration of the Doric metopes on the frieze above the exterior colonnade, and of the Ionic frieze around the upper portion of the walls

"Athena Parthenos"
Athena Parthenos Athena Parthenos (; literally, ""Athena the Virgin"") is a lost massive chryselephantine (gold and ivory) sculpture of the Greek goddess Athena, made by Phidias and his assistants and housed in the Parthenon in Athens. Despite the dynamic architectural characteristics of the Parthenon, the statue of Athena was designed to be the focal point. Its epithet was an essential character of the goddess herself. A number of replicas and works inspired by it, both ancient and modern, have been made. It was the most renowned cult image of Athens, considered one of the greatest achievements of the most acclaimed

Parthenon
The colonnade surrounds an inner masonry structure, the ""cella"", which is divided into two compartments. At either end of the building the gable is finished with a triangular pediment originally occupied by sculpted figures. The columns are of the Doric order, with simple capitals, fluted shafts and no bases. Above the architrave of the entablature is a frieze of carved pictorial panels (metopes), separated by formal architectural triglyphs, typical of the Doric order. Around the cella and across the lintels of the inner columns runs a continuous sculptured frieze in low relief. This element of the architecture is Ionic in

"Stoa Amphiaraion"
Stoa Amphiaraion Stoa Amphiaraion (also known as the Enkoimeterion) is located on the east side of the Sanctuary of Amphiaraios, southeast of the ""Theater"". It was built c. 360 BC. The two-aisled stoa opens towards the southeast with an outer Doric colonnade of forty-one columns and an inner Ionic colonnade of seventeen columns. Before its destruction, two small rooms were separated from the rest of the stoa by two columns with a screen between them, with a bench running the length of the back wall. Pilgrims would migrate to the stoa and sleep there, awaiting an oracle's advice. The rooms

within an hour of the weekly Japanese broadcast at no charge. Originally scheduled to begin on May 30, 2009, with episode 403, a lack of security resulted in a leak of the episode, and Funimation delayed the offer until episode 415 on August 29, 2009. On February 12, 2013, it was announced that Manga Entertainment would start releasing the Funimation dub of ""One Piece"" in the United Kingdom in a DVD box set format. Crunchyroll began simulcasting the series on November 2, 2013, for the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Latin America. Thirteen animated theatrical films

been interested in acquiring ""One Piece"" from the very beginning, and produced a ""test episode,"" in which Sabat portrayed the character of Helmeppo and Eric Vale played the part of the main character, Monkey D. Luffy. (They would later go on to provide the English voices for Roronoa Zoro and Sanji, respectively.) After resuming production of the renewed English dub, which featured less censorship because of fewer restrictions on cable programming, Funimation released its first uncut, bilingual DVD box set containing 13 episodes on May 27, 2008. Similarly sized sets followed with fourteen sets released. The Funimation-dubbed episodes premiered on

"One Piece: The Movie"
on 28 July 2014, featuring Japanese audio and English subtitles; This was the first English-language One Piece release not to feature an English dub. Although Manga was praised for being the first English speaking country to release the film, some reviews criticized the release for its poor video and audio quality and inconsistent translation to the subtitles found on the TV series releases. Jitendar Canth of My Reviewer described this release as ""placeholder discs"", pointing out that the movies will likely by dubbed by FUNimation and re-released, but also that ""you’re going to have a hell of a wait [for

set of the first three One Piece films was released on 16 October 2013 on DVD and Blu-ray. In Germany, the film was released on DVD on 26 February 2011, featuring Japanese and German audio, and German subtitles. The German release also included a poster. Selecta Visión released the film in Spain on DVD and Blu-ray on February 22, 2017, featuring Japanese and Spanish audio, as well as subtitles in Spanish. In the UK, the film was released by Manga UK exclusively in a DVD box set alongside Adventure Of Spiral Island and Chopper's Kingdom On the Strange Animal Island

"One Piece Film: Gold"
Luffy."" The first song they brought was not what the staff had in mind and were suggested to write something more ""unrefined"" and ""Iggy Pop-ish"", to which Glim Spanky responded with ""Ikari o Kure yo"". The Blu-ray was released on December 28, 2016, in Japan and was released on 7 April 2017 in Germany, and 2 May 2017 in the U.S. Selecta Visión released the film in Spain and Portugal on DVD and Blu-ray on 12 April 2017, featuring Japanese, Spanish and Catalan audio, as well as subtitles in Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese. Previously, the film had been premiered in

Piece bandana were included with advanced bookings of the 2000 Toei Anime fair. In Japan, the film was released individually on DVD on January 21, 2001, followed by a Blu-ray release on November 21, 2009. The film was available at this lower price again on DVD and Blu-ray from November 30, 2012 to February, 2013 to coincide with the release of . Kazé released the film in France and Germany. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in France on August 24, 2011, featuring Japanese and French audio, as well as subtitles in French and Dutch subtitles; A box

"Silence (2016 film)"
the film was held at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome on November 29, followed by a special screening the next day in Vatican City. It received a limited release (in four theaters) on December 23, 2016 in order to qualify for 2017 Oscar nominations, which expanded to 1580 theaters on January 20. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 28, 2017, with a slightly earlier release date of March 14, 2017, set for digital streaming of the film. ""Silence"" grossed $7.1 million in the United States and Canada and $16.6 million in other territories for a

"One Piece Film: Z"
to release across several other Asian countries which are Taiwan (January 25), Singapore (February 1), Hong Kong (February 14), Philippines (1 May), Thailand, and South Korea (dates undecided). One Piece Film: Z was released in France (dubbed in French) on Straw Hat Day, May 15, 2013. The film grossed ¥6.85 billion (US$65.2 million) in Japan in 2013, becoming the 3rd highest grossing film of the year in the country. Toshi Nakamura, writing for Kotaku, called ""Z"" ""something [he] was totally not expecting."" Nakamura particularly praised the film's villain, calling its backstory ""dramatic, and more importantly, convincing,"" as well as the

September 18, 2004, in first-run syndication on the Fox network as part of the weekend programming block Fox Box, and later aired on Cartoon Network on their weekday afternoon programming block Toonami in April 2005. Production was halted in 2006 after episode 143/104. Viz also ceased its home video release of the series after volume 11. On July 22, 2010, an interview with Anime News Network and Mark Kirk, senior vice-president of digital media for 4Kids Entertainment, revealed that 4Kids acquired ""One Piece"" as part of a package deal with other anime, and that the company did not screen the

"Unsane (film)"
app FiLMiC Pro, and was released through Soderbergh's Fingerprint Releasing banner. In August 2017, Jay Pharoah confirmed that he was a co-star in the film. The film had its world premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2018. The film was released in the United States on March 23, 2018. ""Unsane"" has grossed $7.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $6.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $14.2 million. In the United States and Canada, ""Unsane"" was released alongside ""Pacific Rim Uprising"", ""Midnight Sun"", ""Sherlock Gnomes"" and ""Paul, Apostle of Christ"", and

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"
the groom's alter ego. The music video by director Shane Drake won the award for Video of the Year during the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. This marked the first occasion since the 1989 VMAs that the winner of Video of the Year did not win anything else. The video was also ranked No. 7 on VH1's list of the Top 100 Videos of 2006. The video was shot in December 2005. According to vocalist Brendon Urie, he and guitarist Ryan Ross suffered from the flu while filming the video clip. In August 2011, the video won Best VMA Winning

I Write Sins Not Tragedies ""I Write Sins Not Tragedies"" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco, and is the second single from their debut studio album, ""A Fever You Can't Sweat Out"" (2005), and was released on February 27, 2006, on both CD and 7"" vinyl. The pizzicato cello motif that the song is built upon was played by session musician Heather Stebbins. The song reached No. 7 on the United States ""Billboard"" Hot 100, the band's only top forty hit until the release of ""Hallelujah"" in 2015. The band would return the top ten

flaw that will be their undoing. What I write are not sins; I write tragedies."" ""I Write Sins Not Tragedies"" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video. (""The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage"" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque. The video starts as the bride, played by Jessie Preston, and groom, Daniel Isaac McGuffey, are about to be married. Her family dress and behave formally, but are revealed later

to have fallen asleep and have eyes painted on their eyelids. His family are lower-class entertainers and carnival folk, and interrupt the wedding. The ringmaster, played by vocalist Brendon Urie, acts as narrator and disrupts the events. After an argument between the two families, the bride runs out and is followed by one of her guests. The ringmaster drags the groom outside by his tie, where his fiancée is kissing the guest who followed her out of the church. The groom straightens up, looking shocked, and Urie and the groom bow to the camera. The ringmaster is revealed to be

song was released on February 27, 2006 as a limited edition single with a free sticker. Because the sticker was included with the CD single, the song was not eligible for the UK Singles Chart. Official Charts Company rules state that stickers are not allowed in single releases. Later, in September 2006, due to the popularity of the track and following further single releases there of ""Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"" and ""But It's Better If You Do"", going top 40 there, the single was re-released on October 30, 2006. Despite

receiving significant radio airplay upon its re-release, the single only reached No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart. Many U.S. radio stations, in response to the language found in the song, wanted an edited version. The lyrics ""The poor groom's bride is a whore"" and ""Haven't you people ever heard of closing a goddamn door?"" were changed by replacing ""whore"" with a """"shhh"""" sound and removing ""god"" in ""goddamn"". Some stations – generally modern rock stations – still play the original version. The song was covered by Fall Out Boy, fellow Decaydance band, for their live album, """". (Fall Out

"The Seven Deadly Sins (play)"
The Seven Deadly Sins (play) The Seven Deadly Sins was a two-part play written c. 1585, attributed to Richard Tarlton, and most likely premiered by his company, Queen Elizabeth's Men. The play drew upon the medieval tradition of the morality play; though it was very popular in its time, no copy of either part has survived. The play is significant, however, because the ""plot"" of ""Part 2"" still exists; it was discovered in the cover of a 17th-century manuscript play, ""The Tell Tale"", in a collection at Dulwich College. Originally assumed to be part of Edward Alleyn's papers, subsequent investigation

twelve years later with the song ""High Hopes"" in 2018. While the song failed to hit the top 10 on the Alternative Songs chart peaking at No. 12 which was lower than their prior single, ""The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage"" which peaked at No. 5, the song's success on the Hot 100 and Mainstream Top 40 (at No. 2) charts was what made the song one of the biggest modern rock hits of 2006 and is still one of the band's most played songs on alternative radio stations to this day. In the UK, the

Video of All Time, in a worldwide poll on MTV's website. UK 7"" poster bag UK CD single WMI CD single UK CD single UK 7"" gatefold sleeve UK 7"" picture disc Enhanced CD single !scope=""col"" colspan=""3""| Ringtone I Write Sins Not Tragedies ""I Write Sins Not Tragedies"" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco, and is the second single from their debut studio album, ""A Fever You Can't Sweat Out"" (2005), and was released on February 27, 2006, on both CD and 7"" vinyl. The pizzicato cello motif that the song is built upon was

"Remember not, Lord, our offences"
originally composed the 44-measure work in the key of A minor. Some arrangements of the anthem include a continuo instrumental accompaniment. Musicologist and historian Franklin B. Zimmerman (born 1923) designated the anthem as ""Z.50"" in his catalogue of Purcell's works. The duration of performances and recordings of this work is approximately 3 minutes. The lyrics of Purcell's anthem are drawn from a passage in the beginning of the ""Exhortation and Litany"" compiled in 1544 by Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), the Archbishop of Canterbury. Cranmer established the liturgical structures for the Church of England after the Reformation and prepared the church's first

Cosette
Cosette Cosette is a fictional character in the novel ""Les Misérables"" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as ""Ursule"", ""Lark"", or ""Mademoiselle Lanoire"". She is the daughter of Fantine, who leaves her to be looked after by the Thénardiers, who exploit and victimise her. Rescued by Jean Valjean, who raises Cosette as if she

Cosette
child while she works in the city of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Unbeknownst to Fantine, the Thénardiers abuse Cosette while she is under their care. They beat and starve her and force her to perform heavy labor in the inn. Under the Thénardiers' care she is described as ""thin and pale"", wears rags for clothing, and has chilblains on her hands as well as bruised and reddened skin. She is forced to go barefoot in winter. The narrator also says that ""fear was spread all over her"". While Fantine is in the hospital, the mayor of Montreuil-sur-Mer—Jean Valjean masquerading as ""Madeleine"" to avoid

Cosette
their arrival at the Petit-Picpus convent, much of which were later reintroduced in the 2012 film adaptation. The musical also condenses the time between the wedding of Cosette and Marius and their visit to the dying Valjean. Cosette Cosette is a fictional character in the novel ""Les Misérables"" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified

Cosette
were his own, she grows up in a convent school. She falls in love with Marius Pontmercy, a young lawyer. Valjean's struggle to protect her while disguising his past drives much of the plot until he recognizes ""that this child had a right to know life before renouncing it""—and must yield to her romantic attachment to Marius. Euphrasie, nicknamed Cosette by her mother, illegitimate daughter of Fantine and Félix Tholomyès, a rich student, is born in Paris circa 1815. Tholomyès abandons Fantine, who leaves three-year-old Cosette with the Thénardiers at their inn in Montfermeil, paying them to care for her

Cosette
learns from Thénardier that he owes his life to Valjean, Marius and Cosette go to Valjean, find him on his deathbed, and reconcile with him. As Marius looks on, Valjean tells Cosette the story of her mother Fantine and how he came to be her guardian. Valjean dies peacefully. Critics have often considered Cosette to be something of an empty figure, with no real independent character apart from the role she plays in the lives of others: as an innocent, hopeless child-victim to be exploited (for the Thénardiers); a daughter to be protected (for Fantine and Valjean); and an object

Cosette
had caused a moral paradox and that Javert had gone to throw himself into the Seine. After Marius' six-month recovery from his wounds, he is reunited with Cosette. On February 16, 1833, Marius and Cosette marry. The next morning, Valjean tells Marius of his criminal past. Marius asks him to leave him and Cosette. He then allows Valjean to visit her each evening, but makes those visits increasingly difficult until Valjean stops coming. While Marius, assuming the worst about Valjean's character, searches for the real origin of Cosette's money, Valjean loses the will to live and becomes bedridden. When Marius

Cosette
attempts to order Valjean to return Cosette or to pay a thousand crowns, but Valjean ignores him and leaves with Cosette. Valjean takes Cosette to Paris, where they lodge at Gorbeau House; Valjean begins her education. When Inspector Javert discovers Valjean's whereabouts, he and Cosette must flee. Valjean climbs over a wall and they find themselves in a garden attached to a convent. The gardener Fauchelevent recognizes Valjean as the man who rescued him years earlier and agrees to shelter them. Valjean poses as Fauchelevent brother and says he is Cosette's grandfather. They live peacefully in the convent for many

Fantine
Cosette, and the doctor lies to her saying that Cosette is at the hospital but cannot see Fantine until her health improves. She is appeased by this, and even mistakenly thinks that she hears Cosette laughing and singing. Suddenly, she and Valjean see Javert at the door. Valjean tries to privately ask Javert for three days to obtain Cosette, but he loudly refuses. Fantine realizes that Cosette was never retrieved and frantically asks where she is. Javert impatiently yells at Fantine to be silent, and additionally, tells her Valjean's true identity. Shocked by these revelations, she suffers a severe fit

Cosette
jealous. The next morning, Christmas Day, Valjean informs the Thénardiers that he has come to take Cosette with him. Madame Thénardier immediately agrees but Thénardier pretends affection for Cosette and acts reluctant. Valjean pays 1500 francs to settle Fantine's debts and leaves with Cosette. Thénardier tries to swindle more money out of Valjean by saying that he has changed his mind and wants Cosette back, informing Valjean that Cosette's mother had entrusted her to his care and he cannot release her without a note from her mother. Valjean, agreeing with him, hands him a letter signed by Fantine. Thénardier then

Cosette
revealing that he is a paroled convict—vows to retrieve Cosette for her. Although Fantine dies before seeing her daughter, Valjean becomes determined to look after the young girl. When he arrives in Montfermeil on Christmas Eve, Valjean finds Cosette fetching a pail of water and accompanies her back to the inn, where he witnesses her mistreatment by the Thénardiers as well as the unkindnesses of their daughters Éponine and Azelma. Valjean leaves the inn and returns with an expensive new doll which he offers to Cosette. At first reluctant, Cosette joyfully accepts it, which infuriates Thénardier; Éponine and Azelma become

"Lincoln Highway"
Lincoln Highway The Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, and formally dedicated October 31, 1913, the Lincoln Highway ran coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City west to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. In 1915, the ""Colorado Loop"" was removed, and in 1928, a realignment relocated the Lincoln Highway through the northern tip of West Virginia. Thus, there are

New Jersey, to Jersey City, New Jersey. It was dedicated on December 13, 1913 at the request of the Associated Automobile Clubs of New Jersey and the Newark Motor Club, and was named after the two counties it passed through. To bring attention to the highway, Fisher commissioned statues of Abraham Lincoln, titled ""The Great Emancipator"", to be placed in key locations along the route of the highway. One of the statues was given to Joy in 1914. Joy's statue was later presented to the Detroit Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America. That statue is currently on display

"Lincoln Highway (Omaha)"
Lincoln Highway (Omaha) The Lincoln Highway in Omaha, Nebraska, runs east–west from near North 183rd Street and West Dodge Road in Omaha, Nebraska, towards North 192nd Street outside of Elkhorn. This section of the Lincoln Highway, one of only that were paved with brick in Nebraska, is one of the most well-preserved in the country. The roadway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The Lincoln Highway was the first road across the United States, traversing coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, California. The original Lincoln Highway was

along the route. In 2016 a documentary named ""21 Days Under the Sky"" chronicled a journey of four friends on Harley-Davidson motorcycles, riding the Lincoln Highway from San Francisco to New York. Lincoln Highway The Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, and formally dedicated October 31, 1913, the Lincoln Highway ran coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City west to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska,

"Lincoln Tunnel"
all vehicles that used E-ZPass. E-ZPass toll collection at Lincoln Tunnel started in October 1997, although the tollbooths were retained. Lincoln Tunnel The Lincoln Tunnel is an approximately tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey on the west bank with Midtown Manhattan in New York City on the east bank. It was designed by Ole Singstad and named after Abraham Lincoln. The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths, with two traffic lanes in each tube. The center tube contains reversible lanes, while the northern and southern tubes exclusively carry westbound and eastbound traffic, respectively. The

Classics) and the Packards International Motor Car Club participated in the planning of the tour. The 2015 tour, with 103 people in 55 cars, took 12 days and traveled from the Packard Proving Grounds north of Detroit to the Lincoln Highway Western Terminus in Lincoln Park in San Francisco. In 2012, the 25-member Lincoln Highway Association National Mapping Committee, chaired by Paul Gilger, completed the research and cartography of the entire Lincoln Highway and all its subsequent realignments (totaling ), a project which took more than 20 years. The association's interactive map website (https://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org) includes map, terrain, satellite and street-level

at D-bar-A Scout Ranch in Metamora, Michigan. There is another statue of Lincoln in the main entrance of Lincoln Park (Jersey City). The LHA needed to determine the best and most direct route from New York City to San Francisco. East of the Mississippi River, route selection was eased by the relatively dense road network. To scout a western route, the LHA's ""Trail-Blazer"" tour set out from Indianapolis in 17 cars and two trucks on July 1, 1913, the same day LHA headquarters were established in Detroit. After 34 days of Iowa mud pits, sand drifts in Nevada and Utah,

a total of 14 states, 128 counties, and more than 700 cities, towns and villages through which the highway passed at some time in its history. The first officially recorded length of the entire Lincoln Highway in 1913 was . Over the years, the road was improved and numerous realignments were made, and by 1924 the highway had been shortened to . Counting the original route and all of the subsequent realignments, there have been a grand total of . The Lincoln Highway was gradually replaced with numbered designations after the establishment of the U.S. Numbered Highway System in 1926,

greeted the Trail-Blazers and thought the tour's passage had meant their towns would be on the Highway. Less than half the selected route was improved roadway. As segments were improved over time, the route length was reduced by about . Several segments of the Lincoln Highway route followed historic roads: The LHA dedicated the route on October 31, 1913. Bonfires, fireworks, concerts, parades, and street dances were held in hundreds of cities in the 13 states along the route. During a dedication ceremony in Iowa, State Engineer Thomas H. MacDonald said he felt it was ""... the first outlet for

LH route marker post erection of September 1, 1928. When the tour concluded at Lincoln Park, in front of the Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco, another ceremony was held to honor both the 90th Anniversary of the road and the 75th anniversary of the post erections. In 2013, the Lincoln Highway Association hosted a tour commemorating the highway's 100th anniversary. Over 270 people traveling in 140 vehicles, from 28 states and from Australia, Canada, England, Germany, Norway and Russia, participated in the two tours which started simultaneously the last week of June 2013 in New York

"Financial management"
Financial management Financial management focuses on ratios, equity and debt. Financial managers are the people who will do research and based on the research, decide what sort of capital to obtain in order to fund the company's assets as well as maximizing the value of the firm for all the stakeholders. It also refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in

"Corporate finance"
management is concerned with the allocation of capital resources to increase a firm's value to the shareholders. Historically, modern-day foundation of corporate finance has its roots in the 17th-century Dutch Republic, the birthplace of the world's first formally listed public company, first formal stock exchange and market. The primary goal of financial management is to maximize or to continually increase shareholder value. Maximizing shareholder value requires managers to be able to balance capital funding between investments in projects that increase the firm's long term profitability and sustainability, along with paying excess cash in the form of dividends to shareholders. Managers

the capacity of the 'Staff' in overall of a company. It has been defined differently by different experts in the field. The term typically applies to an organization or company's financial strategy, while personal finance or financial life management refers to an individual's management strategy. It includes how to raise the capital and how to allocate capital, i.e. capital budgeting. Not only for long term budgeting, but also how to allocate the short term resources like current liabilities. It also deals with the dividend policies of the share holders. For new enterprises, it is important to make a good estimation

Finance
study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms. Corporate finance generally involves balancing risk and profitability, while attempting to maximize an entity's assets, net incoming cash flow and the value of its stock, and generically entails three primary areas of capital resource allocation. In the first, ""capital budgeting"", management must choose which ""projects"" (if any) to undertake. The discipline of capital budgeting may employ standard business valuation techniques or even extend to real options valuation; see Financial modeling. The second, ""sources of capital"" relates to how these investments are to be funded: investment

"Management by objectives"
Objectives"", published in the mid-1960s. MBO was popularized by companies like Hewlett-Packard, who claimed it led to their success. Management by objectives at its core is the process of employers/supervisors attempting to manage their subordinates by introducing a set of specific goals that both the employee and the company strive to achieve in the near future, and working to meet those goals accordingly. Five steps: The principle of MBO is for employees to have a clear understanding of their roles and the responsibilities expected of them, so they can understand how their activities relate to the achievement of the organization's

"Strategic financial management"
This includes different parts of the business plan, for example marketing and sales plan, production plan, personnel plan, capital expenditure, etc. These all have financial implications for the financial managers of an organisation. The objective of the Financial Management is the maximisation of shareholders wealth. To satisfy this objective a company requires a ""long term course of action"" and this is where strategy fits in. Strategic planning is an organisation’s process to outlining and defining its strategy, direction it is going. This led to decision making and allocation of resources inline with this strategy. Some techniques used in strategic planning

"Financial planning (business)"
Financial planning (business) Financial planning is the task of determining how a business will afford to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. Usually, a company creates a Financial Plan imately after the vision and objectives have been set. The Financial Plan describes each of the activities, resources, equipment and materials that are needed to achieve these objectives, as well as the timeframes involved. The Financial Planning activity involves the following tasks: Performing Financial Planning is critical to the success of any organization. It provides the Business Plan with rigor, by confirming that the objectives set are achievable from a financial

Management
Management Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources. The term ""management"" may also refer to those people who manage an organization. Social scientists study management as an academic discipline, investigating areas such as social organization and organizational leadership. Some people study management at colleges or universities; major degrees

Finance
deposits to borrowers. Banks allow borrowers and lenders, of different sizes, to coordinate their activity. Finance is used by individuals (personal finance), by governments (public finance), by businesses (corporate finance) and by a wide variety of other organizations such as schools and non-profit organizations. In general, the goals of each of the above activities are achieved through the use of appropriate financial instruments and methodologies, with consideration to their institutional setting. Finance is one of the most important aspects of business management and includes analysis related to the use and acquisition of funds for the enterprise. In corporate finance, a

"Financial analysis"
Financial analysis Financial analysis (also referred to as financial statement analysis or accounting analysis or Analysis of finance) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. It is performed by professionals who prepare reports using ratios that make use of information taken from financial statements and other reports. These reports are usually presented to top management as one of their bases in making business decisions. Financial analysis may determine if a business will: Financial analysts often assess the following elements of a firm: 1. Profitability - its ability to earn income and

"The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)"
The Price Is Right Productions, Inc., a joint venture of RTL Group and CBS. For the sake of tradition and through special permission from RTL's subsidiary FremantleMedia, the show continued to use the Mark Goodson Productions name, logo and announcement at the end of each episode until Barker's retirement, even after FremantleMedia purchased and absorbed the Goodson-Todman holdings. The show is now credited as a FremantleMedia production. ""The Price Is Right"" premiered on September 4, 1972 at 10:30 am ET (9:30 CT) on CBS, one of three game shows to debut that day, the other two being ""The Joker's Wild""

"The Price Is Right (1956 U.S. game show)"
daytime schedule on November 26, 1956, and quickly spawned a primetime series that aired once a week. ""The Price Is Right"" became one of the few game shows to survive the rigging scandal of the late 1950s, and gained even more popularity after other game shows exposed for being rigged had been cancelled. In 1963, ""The Price Is Right"" switched networks and both the daytime and primetime series moved to ABC. On September 3, 1965, the show aired its final episode after nearly nine years on the air. On the original version of ""The Price Is Right"", four contestants –

The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) The Price Is Right is an American television game show created by Bob Stewart, Mark Goodson and Bill Todman. The show revolves around contestants competing by identifying accurate pricing of merchandise to win cash and prizes. Contestants are selected from the studio audience when the announcer states the show's famous catchphrase, ""Come on down!"" The program premiered on September 4, 1972, on CBS. Bob Barker was the series' longest-running host from its 1972 debut until his retirement in June 2007, when Drew Carey took over. Barker was accompanied by a series of announcers,

to 10:30 am and remained there until April 23, 1979, when it assumed its 11:00 am ET slot, where it has been since then. The format of the show has since remained virtually unchanged. New pricing games are generally added each year, while others are removed. In addition, prizes and pricing games have kept pace with inflation, with games originally designed for four-digit prices of prizes (most often cars) to be adjusted to allow for five-digit prices. While the set has been redesigned and upgraded, the show maintained a similar aesthetic element from its premiere in 1972. In season 36,

prizes that can be used to win a larger prize package. Originally, five pricing games were in the rotation. Since then, more games have been created and added to the rotation and, starting with the 60-minute expansion in 1975, the rate at which games premiered increased. Some pricing games were eventually discontinued, while others have been a mainstay since the show's debut in 1972. As of 2017, the rotation is among 77 games. On the 1994 syndicated version hosted by Doug Davidson, the rules of several games were modified and other aesthetic changes were made. Notably, the grocery products used

The Price Is Right (1956 U.S. game show) The Price Is Right is an American game show where contestants made successive bids on merchandise prizes with the goal of bidding closest to the actual retail price of the prize without going over. The show was a precursor to the current and best-known version of the show, which premiered in 1972 on CBS' daytime schedule. This makes ""The Price Is Right"" one of only a few game shows that have aired in some form across all three of what were then the Big Three television networks. The series premiered on NBC's

Truth"", and ""Password"", producer Stewart left Goodson-Todman in 1964. Stewart's follow-up to ""The Price Is Right"", his first independent production, was ""Eye Guess"", a sight-and-memory game with Bill Cullen as host. Later, Stewart created other successful shows such as ""Jackpot!"" and ""The $10,000 Pyramid"". In the early 1970s, Mark Goodson was preparing a revised version of ""The Price Is Right"" for syndication and CBS daytime dubbed ""The New Price Is Right"", which incorporated elements of the Cullen version with new mini-games influenced by ""Let's Make a Deal"" (known as pricing games, since these games required pricing various products). Dennis James,

"The Price Is Right"
later ABC, from 1956 to 1965. Hosted by Bill Cullen, it involved four contestants bidding on a wide array of merchandise prizes, whose values ranged anywhere from a few dollars, (in many cases, ""bonus"" prizes were attached after the fact, to the winner) to thousands, doing so in the manner of auctions except that Cullen did not act out the role of auctioneer. Instead, contestants tried to bid closest to the product's actual retail price without going over that price. Depending on the prize, contestants were allowed, in proper turn, to make multiple bids; or only allowed one bid. In

at 10:00 am ET and ""Gambit"" at 11:00 am ET. The show was first billed as ""The New Price Is Right"" to distinguish itself from the earlier/original version (1956–65) hosted by Bill Cullen, but it proved so popular in its own right that, in June 1973, the producers decided to drop the word ""New"" from its title. On March 26, 1973, CBS moved ""The Price Is Right"" to 3:00 pm ET, pairing it with ""Match Game"" as part of what became the highest-rated pairing in daytime. The show remained in that time slot until August 11, 1975 when it permanently

produced the Barker version of ""The Price Is Right"", took over Stewart's ""Password"" spot.) Bob Stewart attributes the creation of ""The Price Is Right"" to watching an auctioneer from his office window in New York City, auctioning off various merchandise items. In 1959, shortly after the quiz show scandal broke, most game and quiz shows lost their popularity rapidly and were cancelled. ""The Price Is Right"" was an exception; Goodson and Todman had built a squeaky-clean reputation upon relatively low-stakes games. Thus, as the more popular competition was eliminated, ""The Price Is Right"" became the most-watched game show in the

"From Under the Cork Tree"
From Under the Cork Tree From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 3, 2005, through Island Records as the band's major label debut. The music was composed by lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump, with all lyrics penned by bassist Pete Wentz, continuing the band's songwriting approach they took for some songs on their prior 2003 effort ""Take This to Your Grave"". Neal Avron handled production duties. Commenting on the record's lyrical themes, Wentz said the lyrics were about ""the anxiety and depression that goes

audience. ""From Under the Cork Tree""s lead single, ""Sugar, We're Goin Down"", debuted on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 at No. 93 and eleven weeks later it peaked at No. 8 in September 2005. It spent five weeks in the top 10 and 20 weeks (five months) in the top 20, logging a total of 42 weeks on the chart before it was retired. The track received heavy airplay spins on Alternative as well as Pop stations, being a crossover hit. It reached No. 3 on ""Billboard"" Alternative Songs. Its MTV2-award-winning video enjoyed regular rotation on TV music programs. This

radio play at both Pop and Alternative stations. In 2005 the album was ranked eighteenth on the ""Top 100 best-selling albums of the year in the US"" with 1,654,320 sales and at No. 43 on IFPI's list of the ""Top 50 Best Selling Albums of 2005"" worldwide. Internationally it impacted in the UK and Canada. Fall Out Boy formed near Chicago, Illinois, in 2001. The band debuted with a self-released demo in the same year, and in 2002 released a split EP with Project Rocket through Uprising Records. A first mini-album, ""Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend"" was

"Under the Yum Yum Tree"
Under the Yum Yum Tree Under the Yum Yum Tree is a 1963 comedy film directed by David Swift and starring Jack Lemmon, Carol Lynley, Dean Jones, and Edie Adams, with supporting roles by Imogene Coca and Paul Lynde. The sex comedy was a successful small comic film that gained Lemmon a Golden Globe nomination. It was based on a Broadway play that first ran in 1960–61. Jack Lemmon stars as the playboy landlord Hogan, a swinging bachelor. Women are mere playthings to him, plus he's a master con man. His bachelor pad is a holy temple of seduction: blood-red

"Under the Umbrella Tree"
Under the Umbrella Tree Under the Umbrella Tree is a Canadian children's television series created by Noreen Young that originally aired on CBC from 1986 to 1993. The show was produced by CBC and Noreen Young Productions, and also later by The Disney Channel which began airing the show on May 7, 1990. The series centers on a diverse set of main characters who share a house on Spring Street in a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario. The characters include Holly (a human), Iggy (an iguana), Jacob (a blue jay), and Gloria (a gopher). The show's title is derived from the

"Underneath the Tree"
Underneath the Tree ""Underneath the Tree"" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson, from her sixth studio album and first Christmas album, ""Wrapped in Red"" (2013). Written by Clarkson along with Greg Kurstin, who handled its production, it is a Christmas-themed song that sings of gratitude for companionship during the holidays, in which the beloved is being referred as the only present needed ""underneath the tree"". Accompanied by various instrumental sounds, the song prominently incorporates a Wall of Sound treatment along with sleigh bells and bell chimes to resonate a holiday atmosphere. ""Underneath the Tree"" was first released to

the 2017–18 holiday season, the song debuted on the national charts of Germany, Ireland, and Switzerland. On the eve of ""Wrapped in Red""s release, RCA Records released an animated lyric video for ""Underneath the Tree"", featuring shots of ice skating, a snow-covered town, and copious Christmas trees. The lyric video was released to positive reviews, with Idolator's Sam Lansky describing it as ""a nice visual accompaniment to the song that just lends an extra high-octane Yuletide cheer to its already-effervescent spirit"". Its accompanying music video premiered on December 3, 2013 on Vevo, featuring a live performance from the stage of

recorded in 2002 but released in 2003 by Uprising against the band's wishes. Both releases helped Fall Out Boy gain notoriety on the internet and attention from record labels. The band signed with indie label Fueled by Ramen and received an advance from major label Island Records, which financed the production of ""Take This to Your Grave"". ""Grave"" became an underground success and helped the band gain a dedicated fanbase. Fall Out Boy returned to the studio in November 2004 to begin work on a new album. However, the group suffered a setback in February 2005 after Wentz's anxieties about

Adult Contemporary radio stations on November 5, 2013, by RCA Records as the lead single from the album. ""Underneath the Tree"" has been praised by music critics, who considered it as the main highlight of ""Wrapped in Red"" and lauded its potential to be a holiday classic. They also complimentarily compared it to the 1994 modern Christmas standard ""All I Want for Christmas Is You"" by Mariah Carey. The song reached number one on U.S. and Canada adult contemporary charts and reached the top 40 in Canada, the Netherlands, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. Filmed by English director Hamish

168 with 5,300 sales. In early 2015, the album re-entered the ""Billboard"" 200 at No. 190 for a 78th week on the strength of the band's ""American Beauty/American Psycho"" No. 1 album release. On the 2005 year-end charts, ""Cork Tree"" was No. 53 on the ""Billboard"" 200, No. 26 in 2006, and No. 187 on the 2000s decade-end chart. Three singles were released from this album: ""Sugar, We're Goin Down"", ""Dance, Dance"" and ""A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More ""Touch Me"""". The first two singles enjoyed mainstream and commercial success and exposed Fall Out Boy to a new

Productions, and Tiger Aspect Productions. A full list can be seen here: The following Internet TV services have closed: The following services were aborted before launch: Analogue TV was transmitted via VHF (1936) and later UHF (1964) radio waves, with analogue broadcasts ending in 2012. VHF transmissions started in 1936 and closed in 1985 (with a gap 1939–1946), carrying two channels. The launch channel was the BBC Television Service, known as BBC 1 since 1964. This was joined by Independent Television, a network of regional franchises launching between 1955 and 1962. The channels transmitted in monochrome using the 405-line television

"History of ITV"
system, but the General Post Office insisted that colour should wait until the higher-definition 625-line UHF system became standard. ITV eventually introduced PAL colour on this system from 15 November 1969, simultaneous with BBC1 and two years after BBC2. This did not, however, spread immediately across the UK – some regions had to wait a few more years before colour was available. This was primarily due to the cost incurred in purchasing new broadcasting equipment and the subsequent studio upgrade that usually accompanied it. The colour strike was an industrial action by technicians at all ITV companies from 13 November

"Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom"
I or PAL-I. Broadcast on this system officially commenced in 1967 with BBC2's (and the UK's) launch of colour television programming, though previous years had seen many unofficial colour test films outside of official broadcasting hours, including some which trialled NTSC and SECAM. BBC2 was joined in 1969 by BBC1 and the main ITV franchises (the rest following in stages into the 1970s). Both BBC1 and ITV continued to broadcast simultaneously on the VHF system A until 1985 Without affecting the definition of the ""PAL-I"" system, the UK also used a digital stereo companding system on analogue terrestrial television called

"ITV Channel Television"
formalised its relationship with South West England ITV franchisee holder Westward Television allowing a greater share of programming between the two franchise holders. Channel finally converted to colour television on Monday 26 July 1976, the last region to do so and seven years after the first. Delays were due to the cost of upgrading the studios and purchasing new equipment and the need to provide a stronger network feed as the region's northernmost areas got better signals from Southern and Thames/London Weekend. All local programmes were being made in colour by the following year with Channel donating all of its

"Television licensing in the United Kingdom"
for home radio receivers powered by mains electricity and was mandated by laws beginning with the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1904, to administer the licensing system. Households which bought a TV licence did not need to hold a separate radio licence as the TV licence covered both TV and radio reception. The BBC started regular colour TV broadcasts in the summer of 1967. On 1 January 1968, a ""colour supplement"" of £5 was added to the existing £5 monochrome licence fee; the combined colour licence fee was therefore £10, the equivalent of £ as of . The current (2010–2016) cash cost

"Color television"
before the introduction of colour television to the UK, for the purpose of sales to U.S. networks. The first British show to be made in colour was the drama series ""The Adventures of Sir Lancelot"" (1956–57), which was initially made in black and white but later shot in colour for sale to the NBC network in the United States. Other British colour television programs include ""Stingray"" (1964–1965), which was the first British TV show to be filmed entirely in colour, ""Thunderbirds"" (1965–1966) and ""Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons"" (1967–1968). However, most UK series predominantly made using videotape, such as ""Doctor

system at 25 frames per second, initially with an aspect ratio of 5:4, switching to in 1950. UHF transmissions started in 1964 and closed in 2012. The launch channel was BBC 2. This would be joined by BBC 1, the ITV network, Channel 4 or S4C in Wales, Channel 5 as well as a network of local TV channels. Transmissions started using the System I standard, a 625-line monochrome picture at 25 frames/second (576i) and a 4:3 aspect ratio. Technical advancements included colour (1967), teletext (1974), and stereo sound (1991). The drive to switch viewers from analogue to digital transmissions

"BBC Television"
British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures, giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system. On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that was in use for decades until being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience

other regions, and were frequently broadcast at a lower power than the major channels. Their output was mainly local, and each contract for an RSL lasted four years until 2004 when media regulator Ofcom stated that each licence will be renewed up until digital switchover. Television broadcasting began on an experimental basis by the BBC in London in 1936 on VHF Band I. Initially the service was operated using two competing systems: The earliest television broadcasts used the 240-line Baird system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system on alternate weeks. However, the Baird system proved too cumbersome and by early 1937

obsolete. After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August 1936, the BBC Television Service officially launched on 2 November 1936 from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London. ""Ally Pally"" housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, which then broadcast on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system. The use of both formats made the BBC's service the world's first regular high-definition television service; it broadcast from Monday to Saturday

"Yo Yogi!"
Paul Frees before this series began. Taking place in Jellystone Town, it features Yogi Bear and the other popular Hanna-Barbera characters including his friends Boo-Boo Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, and Yogi's girlfriend Cindy Bear depicted as 14-year-old crime fighters. The gang hung out at Jellystone Mall owned by ""Diamond"" Doggie Daddy with Augie Doggie as his heir to the mall business. Yogi and the gang work at an agency called L.A.F. (short for Lost and Found) where they act as detectives trying to solve mysteries under the supervision of the mall's security guard Officer Smith. Dickie Dastardly and his sidekick

"White & Nerdy"
VHS copy of the ""Star Wars Holiday Special"". When Yankovic is on his Myspace page in the video, 'White and Nerdy has 27 friends' can be seen at the top of the computer screen (Bill Gates, Napoleon Dynamite, Mr. Peabody, Albert Einstein, Screech, Frodo, Pee-Wee Herman, and Tom). This is a continuation of his usual trend of putting the number 27 somewhere in his videos. The mayonnaise Al spreads on a sandwich in the video is labelled ""Pest Foods"" mayonnaise, parodying Best Foods mayonnaise. Also, when Yankovic says, ""Even made a homepage for my dog, yo,"" the music video shows

Hoops&Yoyo
Hoops&Yoyo 'Hoops and Yoyo' are a pair of animated characters featured on Hallmark Cards. The characters were created by Bob Holt and Mike Adair in who also voice the duo. Hoops&Yoyo have a website that features E-cards, animated episodes, an ""Ask hoops&yoyo"" section, desktop and phone wallpapers, audio snippets, IM icons, fan photos, interactive monthly calendars, a blog, a podcast, games, and merchandise available for purchase. The story lines center around two main characters: Hoops, a pink cat, and Yoyo, a green rabbit, and also feature a few other humorous characters joining them. Hoops and Yoyo tend to get overexcited

"Benue State"
these three centres. As an administrative unit, Benue State was first created on 3 February 1976. It was one of the seven states created by the military administration headed by General Murtala Mohammed, which increased the number of states in the country from 13 to 19. In 1991, its boundaries were re-adjusted with the creation of Kogi State. The new Benue State of today has twenty (23) local government areas, which are administered by local government councils. Benue State lies within the lower river Benue trough in the middle belt region of Nigeria. Its geographic coordinates are longitude 7° 47'

Adoka, Aliade, Okpoga, lgumale, Oju, Utonkon, Ugbokolo, Wannune, Ugbokpo, Otukpa, Ugba and Korinya. Most of these towns are headquarters of recently created Local Government Areas and/or district headquarters or major market areas. Some of the headquarters of the newly created LGAs have populations of less than 10,000 people. Such places include Tse-Agberaba, Gbajimba, Buruku, Idekpa, Obagaji and Obarikeito. Apart from earth roads, schools, periodic markets and chemists(local drug stores), the rural areas are largely used for farming, relying on the urban centres for most of their urban needs. Benue State has no problem of capital city primacy. Rather, three towns

Benue State Benue State is one of the South Eastern states in Nigeria with a population of about 4,253,641 in 2006 census. It is inhabited predominantly by the Tiv, Idoma and Igede peoples, who speak Tiv, Idoma, and Igede languages respectively. The Tivs comprise the Etulos while the Idomas comprise the Ufia's (Utonkon) to Orokam at the west border of the state. There are other ethnic groups, including the Etulo, Abakwa, Jukun, Hausa, Igbo, ￼￼Igala people,￼ Akweya and Nyifon. With its capital at Makurdi, Benue is a rich agricultural region; popularly grown crops includes; potatoes, cassava, soya bean, guinea corn,

stand out very clearly as important urban centres which together account for more than 70 per cent of the social amenities provided in the state and almost all the industrial establishments. These centres are Makurdi, Gboko and Otukpo. They are amongst the oldest towns in the state and are growing at a much faster rate than the smaller younger towns. Makurdi doubles as the capital of the state and the headquarters of Makurdi LGA, while Gboko, Otukpo and Oju double as local government and ethnic headquarters (i.e. for Tiv, Idoma, and Igede). All the roads in the state radiate from

The territory was initially known as Munshi Province until 1918 when the name of its dominant geographical feature, the 'Benue River' was adopted. The State which is in the has a total population of 4,253,641 in 2006 census, with an average population density of 99 persons per km2. This makes Benue the 9th most populous state in Nigeria. However, the distribution of the population according to Local government areas shows marked duality. There are areas of low population density . such as Guma, Gwer East, Ohimini, Katsina-Ala, Apa, Logo and Agatu, each with less than seventy persons per km2, while

flax, yams, sesame, rice, and groundnuts, Palm Tree. Benue State is named after the Benue River and was formed from the former Benue-Plateau State in 1976, along with Igala and some part of Kwara State. In 1991 some areas of Benue state (mostly Igala area), along with areas in Kwara State, were carved out to become part of the new Kogi State. Igbo people are found in the boundary areas of Ebonyi State and Enugu State in local government areas like the Obi, Oju etc. Samuel Ortom is the governor and Benson Abounu is the deputy governor. Both are All

Aya, Apa Ogede and Ombi. The flood plains which are characterised by extensive swamps and ponds are good for dry season irrigated farming. Though Benue State has high drainage density many of the streams are seasonal. Hence, there is an acute water shortage in the dry season in Local Government Areas such as Guma, Okpokwu, Ogbadibo, Gwer West (Naka, Nigeria) and Oju. The state is populated by several ethnic groups: Tiv, Idoma, Igede, Etulo, Abakpa, Jukun, Hausa, Igbo, Akweya and Nyifon. The Tiv are the dominant ethnic group, occupying 14 local government areas with the Etulo and Jukun , while

the Idoma, Igede, Igbo, Akweya and Nyifon occupy the remaining nine local government areas. Most of the people are farmers while the inhabitants of the river areas engage in fishing as their primary or important secondary occupation. The people of the state are famous for their cheerful and hospitable disposition as well as rich cultural heritage. The Benue State Government accords high respect to traditional rulers in recognition of their role as custodians of culture and as agents of development. Also, their roles in enhancing peace and order at the grassroots level are also recognised. To enhance their contribution to

up to the creation of Benue State in 1976. Benue towns can be categorised into three groups. The first group consists of those with a population of 80,000 to 500,000 people. These include Makurdi, the State Capital, Gboko and Otukpo the ""headquarters"" of the two dominant ethnic groups (125,944 and 88,958 people respectively). The second group comprises towns with a population of between 20,000 and 50,000 people and includes Katsina-Ala, Zaki-Biam, Ukum￼￼, and Adikpo, Kwande. These are all local government headquarters. The third category comprises towns with a population of 10,000 to 19,000 people and includes Vandeikya, Lessel, lhugh, Naka,

forest with tall giant trees, the centre of which used to serve as a slave trade market, but is now the site of shrines and a periodic market. Swem is a shrine site at the foot of the Cameroon range in Kwande local government area from where the Tivs were said to have originated. There are three universities recognized by the National Universities Commission in Benue State namely; Benue State Benue State is one of the South Eastern states in Nigeria with a population of about 4,253,641 in 2006 census. It is inhabited predominantly by the Tiv, Idoma and Igede

"LA Devotee"
in the background. The girl falls down and gets kidnapped by an unknown cloaked figure as the camera shows a shot of the mysterious ""Join Us"" logo cropped into the field. The next scene shows a young boy (Schnapp) being strapped to a chair singing the song while experiencing bizarre things, with Brendon also singing the song on a screen. The young girl also makes an appearance forcing the boy to drink something. The last scene shows four cloaked figures strapping two mechanisms to the boy, causing him to be electrocuted and then suffer a seizure. Afterwards, the video ends

"Silent Civilian"
Temple"" has sold 25,000 copies. The video for the first single, ""Rebirth of the Temple"", was directed by Scott Culver and was filmed at Santos' childhood home. Santos invited 50 friends over for a party and posted a bulletin that read ""If you’re in the L.A. area, if you’re a Silent Civilian fan, show up at this address"" two hours before filming. This resulted in another 30 people turning up. Static-X front-man Wayne Static, Stone Sour drummer Roy Mayorga and Logan make appearances in the video. Tim Mankowski departed the band and Henno broke his ankle on an on-stage mishap.

to survive and succeed in the city. A video of the audio for ""LA Devotee"" was uploaded to Fueled by Ramen's official YouTube channel on the day of its release, November 26, 2015. It has been streamed over 27 million times on YouTube and over 80 million times on Spotify as of February 2018. The song's official music video was released September 22, 2016, starring Noah Schnapp, a child actor known for his role as Will Byers in the Netflix series ""Stranger Things"". The video starts with a young girl nervously trying to cross a field with a dog barking

"Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold"
Mansion, and meet Bob Gordon (Jay Richardson), the founder of ""Plaything"" Magazine. The night before the photoshoot with all the girls, the shoot's photographer Mark (Tim Abell) tries to sleep with each of the girls. Though Betty and Inga shoot him down, Angel gives into his sweet talk. Angel accidentally oversleeps and misses the beginning of the photoshoot. As she checks herself in the mirror, she realizes that she didn't take a vial the previous day, and wrinkles are settling in. In an act of desperation, she takes 3–5 vials. The overdose causes her to pass out for just a

face. LA Devotee ""LA Devotee"" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco. It was released as the first promotional single from the band's fifth studio album, ""Death of a Bachelor"", on November 26, 2015 through Fueled by Ramen and DCD2. The song was written by Brendon Urie, White Sea and Jake Sinclair and was produced by Sinclair. ""LA Devotee"" was written by Panic! at the Disco (A.K.A Brendon Urie) throughout 2015. The song's inspiration derives from Urie's passion for Los Angeles and is about someone who has fallen in love with L.A. and will stop at

"Massive Attack (song)"
'Mayday! Mayday!' It's really fashion and beauty shots, and we're acting like we're doing something important. We wanted to make it pretty in the dirt. We wanted to have a very crazy contrast. I didn't want to do everything clean. I like the dirt. All that pink stuff looks even prettier in the dirt."" Sean Garrett appears in the video and Birdman, Amber Rose, and Ringmasters of Season 3 of ""America's Best Dance Crew"" make cameos. The video premiered on BET's ""106 & Park"" on March 31, 2010 The video is in native 4:3 instead of 16:9 like most other

"Helena (song)"
song was one of the ""20 Greatest Goth Tracks"" and that it was ""a pivotal moment in cross-fertilising goth with emo"" and that ""MCR spawned a hybrid that ensured black clothes and eyeliner became, once again, teenage rebellion's default setting"". The music video was shot on-location in the Immanuel Presbyterian Church on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, California, directed by Marc Webb, and choreographed by Michael Rooney. The video has a simple plot, with Gerard Way as a very emotional mourner at a funeral where the band is performing. There are also mourners who dance and mourn the death of

"Candy Shop"
on January 11–12, 2005, and filmed in Hollywood, California. Due to rapper Trick Daddy's music video for ""Sugar (Gimme Some)"" already having candy references, 50 Cent said, ""we tried to do something a little different"" and not follow the same route. The video features Olivia as the lead dancer and several models including Chessika Cartwright (as a dominatrix), ""Lyric"" (as a nurse), It features cameo appearances from Lil Scrappy, former WWE Diva and TNA Knockout Kristal Marshall, former Deal Or No Deal model Leyla Milani, G-Unit member Lloyd Banks, and Young Buck. It was nominated for Best Male Video at

"Characters in Devo music videos"
zealots led by Reverend Vince Gassale (portrayed by Gerald Casale in the home video game ""Adventures of the Smart Patrol""). The Pilgrims wear business suits topped with pilgrim-style hats. They practice televangelism and believe that disease is God's way of punishing those that are morally unsuitable. From the Mac/PC game ""Adventures of the Smart Patrol"". The Smart Patrol consist of Jamie Rega, Jeremy Welt, Tanya Olszewski, Max Leidermann, and Grady Sain. (Their music is played by Devo themselves.) The Smart Patrol are the equivalent of a police force in Spudland. Devo impersonated a number of fake bands in their videos

Foodfight!
planned release dates were also missed. Eventually, after the producers defaulted on a loan, in September 2011 creditors auctioned off the film's assets and all associated rights. In 2012, the film had a low-key release, being direct-to-video in most territories. ""Foodfight!"" takes place in the ""Marketropolis"" supermarket. After closing time, the supermarket transforms into a city in which all the citizens are ""Ikes"", personified well-known marketing icons. In the Ikes' world, heroic cereal mascot Dex Dogtective (Charlie Sheen) is about to propose to his girlfriend Sunshine Goodness (Hilary Duff), a raisin mascot, but she goes missing just before he is

"Tiger Zinda Hai"
Tiger Zinda Hai Tiger Zinda Hai () is a 2017 Indian action thriller film, directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and co-written by Neelesh Misra. The film stars Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif and Sajjad Delfrooz in leading roles, with Angad Bedi, Kumud Mishra, Nawab Shah, Ivan Rodrigues, Girish Karnad and Paresh Rawal in supporting roles. The film is the sequel to the 2012 film ""Ek Tha Tiger"" and the second installment of the ""Tiger"" film series, and is based on the 2014 abduction of Indian nurses by ISIL. The first look of the poster was revealed by Salman Khan through his

on music streaming platforms. As of 4 December 2018, the album has 1.4billion views on YouTube. Tiger Zinda Hai Tiger Zinda Hai () is a 2017 Indian action thriller film, directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and co-written by Neelesh Misra. The film stars Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif and Sajjad Delfrooz in leading roles, with Angad Bedi, Kumud Mishra, Nawab Shah, Ivan Rodrigues, Girish Karnad and Paresh Rawal in supporting roles. The film is the sequel to the 2012 film ""Ek Tha Tiger"" and the second installment of the ""Tiger"" film series, and is based on the 2014 abduction of Indian

of RAW members consisting of Azaan (Paresh Pahuja), an expert sniper, Namit (Angad Bedi), an experienced bomb disposer and Rakesh (Kumud Mishra), a hacker. They reach an oil refinery controlled by Al Amir Baghdawi (Sal Yusuf), ISC's second-in-command, but face difficulty after the arrival of Firdauz aka 'Tohbaan' ('snake' in Arabic), who checks the workers. One day, Tiger rescues Hassan (Jineet Rath), a child who is sent by Usman as a human bomb. That night, Tiger and his gang set a controlled explosion in the refinery and pretend to get burned so that they are taken to the hospital. En

on the script after the release of his film Bharat. 8 years have passed since the events of the previous film, Tiger (Salman Khan) and Zoya (Katrina Kaif) are leading a mundane yet peaceful life, in a secluded place, away from the prying eyes of the RAW & ISI. Officially declared dead in the files of RAW & ISI, Tiger and Zoya are now married and even have a son, Junior (Sartaaj Kakkar). The world believes that they have seen the last of Tiger and Zoya when danger strikes in the form of a powerful, yet an unknown enemy, throwing

be there for his country. Filming took place in Abu Dhabi, Austria, Greece and Morocco. The last song of the movie was shot in the Aegean island of Naxos, Greece in October 2017. Iranian actor Sajjad Delafrooz was roped in to play the role of Abu Usman, leader of terrorist organisation ISC. Sajjad Delafrooz had worked in the 2015 Hindi film ""Baby"". The film's production budget is reportedly (), including () for the production and the rest for Salman Khan's fees. This would make it one of the most expensive Yash Raj Films productions, along with ""Dhoom 3,"" ""Sultan"" and

their life in a chaos. During a dark night in Iraq, an American journalist types a warning message to CIA before he is slaughtered by some ISC guards. While carrying a rally in Ikrit, ISC leader Abu Usman (Sajjad Delafrooz) is shot in the arm by the Iraqi Army and taken to the city hospital. Abu Usman holds hostage of the Indian and Pakistani nurses and makes the hospital as his base. The US decides to launch an airstike at the city to kill Usman. Indian nurse Maria (Neha Hinge) calls the Indian Embassy in Baghdad, informing about the incident.

official Twitter account on 18 October 2017 on the occasion of Diwali. The official trailer was released on 7 November. The film was released on 22 December 2017. With a budget of , it is the one of the most expensive Hindi films and one of the most expensive Indian films of all time. It has grossed more than at the box office, becoming one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. At the 63rd Filmfare Awards, Tom Struthers won the Filmfare Award for Best Action. A sequel is currently under development, director Ali Abbas Zafar will start working

The CIA give RAW chairman Shenoy (Girish Karnad) seven days of time to rescue the nurses after which they will hold the airstrike. Shenoy feels that only Tiger would be able to rescue the nurses. Based on the clues available, Shenoy locates Tiger and Zoya in Innsbruck. Several days later, Tiger is briefed by Shenoy, who informs him about the abduction of nurses. However Shenoy only tells Tiger about the 25 Indian nurses held in Iraq. Though Tiger is reluctant at first, he sets to carry the mission after Zoya's insistance. Tiger travels to Syria and assembles his own gang

"Ek Tha Tiger"
Ek Tha Tiger Ek Tha Tiger (English: ""Once There was a Tiger"") is a 2012 action thriller spy film directed and co-written by Kabir Khan, and produced by Aditya Chopra. It is the first film in the ""Tiger"" franchise, and contains an ensemble cast, which stars Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif, and features Ranvir Shorey, Girish Karnad, Roshan Seth, and Gavie Chahal. The film follows Tiger (Khan), an Indian spy tasked with recovering information before it is gained by Pakistan, but is sidetracked after falling in love with a Pakistani agent during the mission. ""Ek Tha Tiger"" marked the third

and said ""While logic is not a very important factor in Khan's films, emotions certainly are, and the director made sure to hit all the soft spots – from patriotism to Indo-Pakistan bonding to a multitude of cheesy dialogues – which is a smart move, and sure to bring in both Indian and Pakistani audiences."" Lasyapriya Sundaram of The Times of India gave 3.5 stars, and said ""The film is visually stunning in parts and Salman Khan plays Tiger with roaring confidence and dialogues packed with punch. Of course, his fans get a true-blue Salman Khan moment when he bares

"Fission (biology)"
factors including nutrient availability and available space, so binary fission occurs at much lower rates in bacterial cultures once they enter the stationary phase of growth. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells reproduce using binary fission. Mitochondrial fission occurs frequently within the cell, even when the cell is not actively undergoing mitosis, and is necessary to regulate the cell's metabolism. Binary fission in organisms can occur in four ways, irregular,longitudinal, transverse, oblique. Multiple fission at the cellular level occurs in many protists, e.g. sporozoans and algae. The nucleus of the parent cell divides several times by amitosis, producing several nuclei. The

mutations). Unlike the process of mitosis used by eukaryotic cells, binary fission takes place without the formation of a spindle apparatus on the cell. In binary fission the parental identity is lost. The process of binary fission in bacteria involves the following steps. First, the cell's DNA is replicated. The replicated DNA copies then move to opposite poles of the cell in an energy-dependent process. The cell lengthens. Then, the equatorial plane of the cell constricts and separates the plasma membrane such that each new cell has exactly the same genetic material. More specifically, the following steps occur: Binary fission

also used by some organelles within eukaryotic organisms (e.g., mitochondria). Binary fission results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell (or organelle) by dividing the cell into two parts, each with the potential to grow to the size of the original. The single DNA molecule first replicates, then attaches each copy to a different part of the cell membrane. When the cell begins to pull apart, the replicated and original chromosomes are separated. The consequence of this asexual method of reproduction is that all the cells are genetically identical, meaning that they have the same genetic material (barring random

cytoplasm then separates, creating multiple daughter cells. Some parasitic, single-celled organisms undergo a multiple fission-like process to produce numerous daughter cells from a single parent cell. Isolates of the human parasite ""Blastocystis hominis"" were observed to begin such a process within 4 to 6 days. Cells of the fish parasite ""Trypanoplasma borreli"" have also been observed participating in both binary and multiple fission. In the apicomplexans, a phylum of parasitic protists, multiple fission, or schizogony, is manifested either as merogony, sporogony or gametogony. Merogony results in merozoites, which are multiple daughter cells, that originate within the same cell membrane, sporogony

"Cell fusion"
occurs with nuclear fusion, but in the absence of nuclear fusion, the cell would be described as a binucleated heterokaryon. A heterokaryon is the melding of two or more cells into one and it may reproduce itself for several generations. If two of the same type of cells fuse, but their nuclei do not fuse, then the resulting cell is called a syncytium. Heterotypic cell fusion occurs between cells of different types, making it the exact opposite of homotypic cell fusion. The result of this fusion is also a synkaryon produced by the merging of the nuclei, and a binucleated

protozoans reproduce by yet another mechanism of fission called as plasmotomy. In this type of fission, a multinucleate adult parent undergoes cytokinesis to form two multinucleate (or coenocytic) daughter cells. The daughter cells so produced undergo karyokinesis, further. Such a type of reproduction is shown by opalina and pelomyxa. Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning where an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism. In echinoderms, this method of reproduction is usually known as fissiparity. Any splitting

results in sporozoites, and gametogony results in microgametes. Green algae can divide into more than two daughter cells. The exact number of daughter cells depends on the species of algae and is an effect of temperature and light. Most species of bacteria primarily undergo binary reproduction. Some species and groups of bacteria may undergo multiple fission as well, sometimes beginning or ending with the production of spores. The species ""Metabacterium polyspora"", a symbiont of guinea pigs, has been found to produce multiple endospores in each division. Some species of cyanobacteria have also been found to reproduce through multiple fission. Some

"Nuclear fission"
sizes, typically with a mass ratio of products of about 3 to 2, for common fissile isotopes. Most fissions are binary fissions (producing two charged fragments), but occasionally (2 to 4 times per 1000 events), ""three"" positively charged fragments are produced, in a ternary fission. The smallest of these fragments in ternary processes ranges in size from a proton to an argon nucleus. Apart from fission induced by a neutron, harnessed and exploited by humans, a natural form of spontaneous radioactive decay (not requiring a neutron) is also referred to as fission, and occurs especially in very high-mass-number isotopes. Spontaneous

Fission (biology) Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell, but the term may also refer to how organisms, bodies, populations, or species split into discrete parts. The fission may be ""binary fission"", in which a single entity produces two parts, or ""multiple fission"", in which a single entity produces multiple parts. Organisms in the domains of Archaea and Bacteria reproduce with binary fission. This form of asexual reproduction and cell division is

of a single population of individuals into discrete parts may be considered fission. A population may undergo fission for a variety of reasons, including migration or geographic isolation. Because the fission leads to genetic variance in the newly isolated, smaller populations, population fission is a precursor to speciation. Fission (biology) Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell, but the term may also refer to how organisms, bodies, populations, or species split into

"Lotta Love"
Lotta Love ""Lotta Love"" is a song written and recorded by Neil Young and released on his 1978 ""Comes a Time"" album. ""Lotta Love"" was also covered by Nicolette Larson in 1978. Larson's version reached No. 8 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and No. 8 on the ""Cash Box"" Top 100 in February 1979. It also hit No. 1 on the Easy Listening chart and was a hit in Australia (No. 11) and New Zealand (No. 22). Linda Ronstadt, who had sung back-up for Young with Larson, has stated that it was at her [i.e. Ronstadt's] suggestion that Larson

"There's a Whole Lot of Loving"
There's a Whole Lot of Loving ""There's a Whole Lot of Loving"" is a 1975 hit song by Guys 'n' Dolls written by Christian Arnold with lyrics by David Martin and Geoff Morrow. The song was a number-two hit in both the United Kingdom and Ireland, and became the biggest hit for the group. The song was also an adult contemporary hit in North America, peaking at number 15 on the US ""Billboard"" Easy Listening chart and number 17 on Canada's ""RPM"" Pop Music Playlist. Elsewhere, the song reached the top 20 in Belgium, the Netherlands, and South Africa. The

"Whole Lotta Love"
with ""You Shook Me"", Waters overdubbed vocals on an instrumental track previously recorded by blues guitarist Earl Hooker and his band. Willie Dixon wrote the lyrics, which Dixon biographer Mitsutoshi Inaba describes as being ""about the necessity of love"": In 1966, British band the Small Faces recorded the song as ""You Need Loving"" for their eponymous debut Decca album. According to Steve Marriott, the group's vocalist and guitarist, Page and Plant attended several Small Faces gigs, where they expressed their interest in the song. Plant's phrasing is particularly similar to that of Marriott's, who added ""he [Plant] sang it the

and Andrew Gold. Dinosaur Jr. covered the song for the album , released in 1989. Red Hot Chili Peppers covered the song during the Bridge School Benefit concerts (organized by Neil Young) in October 2004. In 2008, She & Him released a cover of ""Lotta Love"" on the B-side of their single ""Why Do You Let Me Stay Here?"". Lotta Love ""Lotta Love"" is a song written and recorded by Neil Young and released on his 1978 ""Comes a Time"" album. ""Lotta Love"" was also covered by Nicolette Larson in 1978. Larson's version reached No. 8 on the ""Billboard"" Hot

Whole Lotta Love ""Whole Lotta Love"" is a song by English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. It is the opening track on the band's second album, ""Led Zeppelin II"", and was released in the United States, several countries in Europe, and Japan as a single; as with other Led Zeppelin songs, no single was released in the United Kingdom. The US release became their first hit single, being certified Gold on 13 April 1970, having sold one million copies. It reached number one in Germany, and number four in the Netherlands. Parts of the song were adapted from Willie Dixon's

music for the long-running television programme ""Top of the Pops"" for much of its history. The first version used was based on a recording by the Collective Consciousness Society (or C.C.S.), a band led by blues guitarist Alexis Korner. The C.C.S. version reached No. 13 on the British charts in autumn 1970. The song returned as the theme in 1998, this time using a reworked version of the original Led Zeppelin guitar riff. A cover of the song by the American band King Curtis and the Kingpins reached number 64 on US pop charts and number 43 on the R&B

Nicolette Larson Nicolette Larson (July 17, 1952 – December 16, 1997) was an American pop singer. She is perhaps best known for her work in the late 1970s with Neil Young and her 1978 hit single of Neil Young's ""Lotta Love,"" which hit No. 1 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and No. 8 on the Pop Singles chart. It was followed by four more adult contemporary hits, two of which were also minor pop hits. By 1985, she shifted her focus to country music, charting six times on the US Country Singles chart. Her only top-40 country hit

""You Need Love"", recorded by Muddy Waters in 1962; originally uncredited to Dixon, a lawsuit in 1985 was settled with a payment to Dixon and credit on subsequent releases. In 2004, the song was ranked number 75 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and in March 2005, ""Q"" magazine placed ""Whole Lotta Love"" at number three in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. It was placed 11 on a similar list by ""Rolling Stone"". In 2009 it was named the third greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. In

song was covered in 2002 by Irish pop band Six and was a number-one single in Ireland, where it was titled ""There's a Whole Lot of Loving Going On"". It became Ireland's best-selling song of 2002 and went on to become the country's third best-selling single of all time. Six's version was also a top 10 hit in Norway and New Zealand; in these countries, the song retained its original name. There's a Whole Lot of Loving ""There's a Whole Lot of Loving"" is a 1975 hit song by Guys 'n' Dolls written by Christian Arnold with lyrics by David

chart. Nicolette Larson Nicolette Larson (July 17, 1952 – December 16, 1997) was an American pop singer. She is perhaps best known for her work in the late 1970s with Neil Young and her 1978 hit single of Neil Young's ""Lotta Love,"" which hit No. 1 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and No. 8 on the Pop Singles chart. It was followed by four more adult contemporary hits, two of which were also minor pop hits. By 1985, she shifted her focus to country music, charting six times on the US Country Singles chart. Her only top-40 country

Wipro
November 2012 ""Guide to Greener Electronics"", Greenpeace ranked Wipro first with a score of 7.1/10. Listing: Wipro's equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, and the National Stock Exchange of India where it is a constituent of the S&P CNX Nifty. The American Depositary Shares of the company are listed at the NYSE since October 2000. Shareholding: The table provides the share holding pattern as of 30-Sep-2018. Abidali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. Kurien stepped down in early 2016. Neemuchwala, who had been group president

"Abidali Neemuchwala"
Abidali Neemuchwala Abidali Neemuchwala (born 8 December 1967) is an Indian-American business executive, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Wipro since February 2016. Neemuchwala, who had been group president and COO of Wipro from April 2015, was appointed CEO with effect from 1 February 2016. He previously was the CEO of the BPO division of Tata Consultancy Services Limited. Neemuchwala has a bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Raipur, and a master's degree in Industrial Management from IIT Bombay. He is a certified software quality analyst and has a Six Sigma Green

Wipro
and COO from April 2015, was appointed CEO with effect from 1 February 2016. Wipro Wipro Limited is an India-based information technology, consulting and business process services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. In 2013, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into separate companies. The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as ""Western India Vegetable Products Limited"", later abbreviated to ""Wipro"". It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel. In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's death, his son

SoloPro
SoloPro founding team acts as the key managerial staff for the company: Shayne Sowers, President and Co-Founder; Narayan Krishnan, Chief Technical Officer and Co-Founder; and Tommy Sowers, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder. The company is headquartered in downtown Durham, North Carolina in the American Underground building. In June 2015, SoloPro closed its first, oversubscribed seed round of $1M led by Oxpoint Investments and Buchanan Ventures, and included investments from Blue {Seed} Capital, Arnold Capital and a number of angel investors. SoloPro received a strategic investment from Lowe's Home Improvement's venture arm in 2015. SoloPro SoloPro, Inc. was a venture backed

Wipro
Wipro Wipro Limited is an India-based information technology, consulting and business process services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. In 2013, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into separate companies. The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as ""Western India Vegetable Products Limited"", later abbreviated to ""Wipro"". It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel. In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's death, his son Azim Premji returned home from Stanford University and took over Wipro as its chairman

Wipro
Wipro announced that it was buying Appirio, an Indianapolis-based cloud services company for $500 million. In 2017, the company expanded its operations in London. In 2017, Wipro Limited won a five-year IT infrastructure and applications managed services engagement with Grameenphone (GP), a leading telecom operator in Bangladesh and announced it would set up a new delivery centre there. In 2018, the company began building software to help with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe. In March 2018, Wipro said it would be buying a third of Denim Group. In April 2018, the company sold its stake in the

Wipro
LD Waxson, and Zhongshan. On May 3, 2018, it was announced that Wipro was opening manufacturing locations in Andhra Pradesh and Guangzhou. On May 4, 2018, it was reported that Wipro's stock value had been decreasing. The day earlier, press had said that HCL would likely unseat Wipro that quarter as the third largest Indian IT company, after TCS and Infosys. Wipro Limited is a global provider of comprehensive IT solutions and services, including Systems Integration, Consulting, Information Systems outsourcing, IT-enabled services, R&D services. Wipro entered into the technology business in 1981 and has over 160,000 employees and clients across

SimPRO
Ricky Sevta is General Manager simPRO New Zealand. In 2009, simPRO was launched in the United Kingdom and it’s current General Manager is Richard Pratley, who previously managed the New Zealand office. In 2015, the company opened a location in Colorado, United States, in an effort to grow it’s presence in the local market, it’s current President is Glenn Nott. In October 2016, simPRO received USD$31 million in capital funding from New York-based growth equity firm Level Equity. It marked the first time the company has accepted external investment since its founding. Level Equity Partner Benjamin Levin and Principal Charles

Royal Rumble (2018) Royal Rumble (2018) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE featuring wrestlers primarily from the Raw and SmackDown brands, as well as surprise appearances from competitors on the NXT brand. It took place on January 28, 2018, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the thirty-first event under the Royal Rumble chronology, the first to include a women's Royal Rumble match, and consequently, two Royal Rumble matches. Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever

women on the main rosters, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon scheduled the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match for the 2018 Royal Rumble, with the winner receiving a match at WrestleMania 34 for the top championship of their choice: Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship. Both brands' respective commissioners and general managers agreed that the women's match would have all of the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. Stephanie was announced to join the commentary team for the women's match, and television host Maria Menounos was announced to be the special guest ring announcer.<ref name=""pre-show/event additions""></ref> At

Rusev, who was unsuccessful in winning the title. Also following the Royal Rumble, SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan revealed the first-ever ""SmackDown Top Ten List"" as voted on by the SmackDown roster to see who the wrestlers thought should get a title opportunity. This played into a storyline between Roode, who ranked 5th, Randy Orton, who ranked 9th, and Jinder Mahal, who did not rank, resulting in SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon scheduling Roode to defend the U.S. Championship against Orton at Fastlane. In the women's division, SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair praised the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, but wished

Bliss was scheduled to defend her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and the result may affect Asuka's decision. Asuka was then confronted by Sasha Banks, who spent the longest time in the Royal Rumble match, and Banks challenged Asuka to a match that Asuka won. Banks, along with Bayley, Mandy Rose, Mickie James, and Sonya Deville were announced as the other competitors in the Elimination Chamber match. Nia Jax was also scheduled to face Asuka at Elimination Chamber where if she were to win, she would be added to the Asuka's championship match at WrestleMania. On the

"Big Ten Network"
high definition feed on September 1, 2009 to its systems in central and northern Pennsylvania. On December 28, 2009, Charter Communications reached an agreement to provide the network to its systems in St. Louis and Southern Illinois on the provider's expanded basic-digital tier. On July 24, 2017, the Big Ten Network announced they would be available on Hulu Live TV and YouTube TV. On April 11, 2018, Comcast dropped Big Ten Network in a number of ""out-of-market"" states that fall outside of the conference's direct geographical footprint, with other selected markets dropping the network on May 10, 2018. This notably

"Power of 10 (U.S. game show)"
responded to questions covering a wide variety of topics in polls conducted by CBS. The top prize was an annuitized $10,000,000. The series was produced by Embassy Row Productions in association with Sony Pictures Television and was taped at Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York City. On September 10, 2007, CBS ordered six additional episodes of the show slated for mid-season to extend the first season to 18 episodes. The summer finale aired on September 23, 2007, due to ""Kid Nation"" airing the following Wednesday. The show returned on January 2, airing on Wednesday nights, competing with the most-watched show

FiOS1
FiOS1 FiOS1 is a group of regional television networks available exclusively on Verizon's Fios TV service. Launched in June 22, 2009 in Long Island and New Jersey and later in May 28, 2014 in Lower Hudson Valley, FiOS1 provides hyper-local news, weather, traffic, sports and also original programming. FiOS1 is only available in Northern New Jersey, Long Island, and Lower Hudson Valley. These networks include content produced by RNN. In addition the networks also produce their own newscasts. Sports coverage features local high schools and colleges such as Rutgers University, Hofstra University and Princeton University. Current on-air personalities include Morning:

"Ben 10 (2016 TV series)"
producer but also as executive producer. Animated by Sunmin Image Pictures and Mua Film. In the United States, the series has been viewed by 41 million viewers across multiple platforms. In the EMEA, the series has reached more than 27 million viewers. It reached 1.2 million viewers and 9% of boys on CITV in the UK. It was watched by half of boys in South Africa, Romania, Spain and Portugal, more than 30% of boys in Hungary, Poland, and Sweden, and has also received high ratings in France and Italy. In October 2017, Panini UK partnered with Cartoon Network and

"10 Bold"
were intended to make the channel a greater competitor against 7mate, which has a similar scope, and took place on 7 May 2011. One's updated schedule included factuals such as """", ""Extreme Fishing with Robson Green"", ""Airline"", ""Long Way Round"", ""Ice Road Truckers"", ""An Idiot Abroad"", ""Cops"", dramas such as ""Terriers"", ""Lights Out"", ""Sons of Anarchy"", ""Burn Notice"", ""Breakout Kings"" and ""Psych"" and films such as ""The Last King of Scotland"", ""28 Weeks Later"", ""Babylon AD"", ""Jarhead"", ""Pitch Black"", ""Doom"", ""Hitman"", and ""The Manchurian Candidate"". On 31 October 2018, One relaunched as 10 Boss, as part of a larger rebranding

states where Big Ten universities are located. These deals were later followed by carriage agreements with Charter Communications on August 26 and Cox Communications on August 28. Also on August 26, 2008, ""The Indianapolis Star"" reported that Bright House Networks was ""very close to a deal"" to carry the channel. On September 30, Broadstripe added the channel to its systems in Michigan. On June 23, 2009, Cablevision added the channel in standard and high definition to its Optimum systems. The following month on August 25, the network reached a carriage agreement with Atlantic Broadband, which added the network's standard and

WCAU
WCAU WCAU, virtual channel 10 (UHF digital channel 34), is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, as part of a duopoly with Mount Laurel, New Jersey-licensed Telemundo owned-and-operated station WWSI (channel 62); NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of locally based media firm Comcast, owns both networks, along with regional sports network NBC Sports Philadelphia. WCAU and WWSI share studios within the Comcast Technology Center on Arch Street in Center City, with some operations remaining at their former main studio at the corner of City

Big Ten Network The Big Ten Network (BTN) is an American sports network based in Chicago, Illinois. The channel is dedicated to coverage of collegiate sports sanctioned by the Big Ten Conference, including live and recorded event telecasts, news, analysis programs, and other content focusing on the conference's member schools. It is a joint venture between Fox Sports and the Big Ten, with Fox Entertainment Group as 51% stakeholder and operating partner, and the Big Ten Conference owning a 49% stake. It is headquartered in the former Montgomery Ward & Co. Catalog House building at 600 West Chicago Avenue in

beginning on September 14, giving way to a new agreement that restored BTN on Dish Network on September 22. In July 2017, as part of a new six-year agreement that made Fox the primary television rightsholder of regular season Big Ten football games, Fox's contract to run BTN was extended through 2032. On December 14, 2017, 21st Century Fox announced it would sell a majority of its assets to The Walt Disney Company, owners of ESPN, SEC Network and the upcoming ACC Network, in a transaction valued at over $52 billion. If approved by regulators, Big Ten Network would remain

FiOS1
Buckley reporter Emily Girsch Reporter FiOS1 FiOS1 is a group of regional television networks available exclusively on Verizon's Fios TV service. Launched in June 22, 2009 in Long Island and New Jersey and later in May 28, 2014 in Lower Hudson Valley, FiOS1 provides hyper-local news, weather, traffic, sports and also original programming. FiOS1 is only available in Northern New Jersey, Long Island, and Lower Hudson Valley. These networks include content produced by RNN. In addition the networks also produce their own newscasts. Sports coverage features local high schools and colleges such as Rutgers University, Hofstra University and Princeton University.

"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)"
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film) The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, also promoted as LXG, is a 2003 steampunk-dieselpunk superhero action film loosely based on the first volume of the comic book series of the same name by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill. It was released on July 11, 2003, in the United States, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Stephen Norrington and starred Sean Connery (in his final film role to date), Naseeruddin Shah, Peta Wilson, Tony Curran, Stuart Townsend, Shane West, Jason Flemyng, and Richard Roxburgh. As with the comic book source material, the

"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen"
builds a crepuscular alternate history story whose aim is to explain on a historical and psychoanalytical level why all European super-heroes disappeared from popular culture and European collective memory with World War II. Jess Nevins has produced a series of annotations for each volume which are available online (see links) and have also been expanded into book form: A film adaptation was released in 2003, also by the name ""The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen"". The film stars Sean Connery, who plays Allan Quatermain, and features Captain Nemo, Mina Harker, Rodney Skinner aka ""An"" Invisible Man (the rights could not be

his role, which left the filmmakers little money to attract other big-name stars for the ensemble cast. A character named Eva Draper (Winter Ave Zoli), the daughter of German scientist Karl Draper, was removed during editing but remained in some of the promotional material. Eva had appeared in two scenes: one ended up on the cutting room floor, and she was digitally replaced with a different character in the other. A brief fight scene featuring Tom Sawyer and the replacement character was rotoscoped into the film. The deleted scenes which feature Draper appear on the DVD. Principal photography took place

"The League of Gentlemen (film)"
Leading the police is Superintendent Wheatlock (Ronald Leigh-Hunt) from whom Hyde learns the flaw in his plan. A small boy outside the bank had been collecting car registration (licence plate) numbers, a common hobby at the time. The police, discovering the number, found it had been noted by the policeman who visited the warehouse. The policeman had also noted the number of Hyde's own car. Thus a link was established between the robbery and Hyde. Hyde is escorted to a police van in which the rest are ""all present and correct"", each having been captured as he left the house.

film features prominent pastiche and crossover themes set in the late 19th century, featuring an assortment of fictional literary characters appropriate to the period, who act as Victorian Era superheroes. It draws on the works of Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, Bram Stoker, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, H. Rider Haggard, Ian Fleming, Herman Melville, Oscar Wilde, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edgar Allan Poe, Gaston Leroux, and Mark Twain, albeit all adapted for the film. The film grossed over $175 million worldwide at the box office, rental revenue of $48.6 million, and DVD sales as of 2003 at $36.4 million. It was

"Maximiliano Hernández"
Andy Greenwald of Grantland described Hernández's work in the series as ""wonderful [...] making a fringe character both memorable and strangely noble in his limited screen time."" In 2015, Hernández portrayed a corrupt state policeman in the crime action-thriller ""Sicario"". Maximiliano Hernández Maximiliano Hernández (born September 12, 1973) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Agent Jasper Sitwell in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and FBI Agent Chris Amador in the first season of ""The Americans"". A native of Brooklyn, New York, Hernández began acting in high school. He briefly studied acting at the Leonard Davis Center for

The League of Gentlemen (film) The League of Gentlemen is a 1960 British criminal comedy film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Jack Hawkins, Nigel Patrick, Roger Livesey, and Richard Attenborough. It is based on the 1958 novel ""The League of Gentlemen"" by John Boland and adapted by Bryan Forbes, who also starred in the film. A manhole opens at night in an empty street and out climbs Lieutenant-Colonel Norman Hyde (Jack Hawkins) in a dinner suit. He gets into a Rolls-Royce and drives home. There, he prepares seven envelopes, each containing an American crime paperback called ""The Golden Fleece"",

the character ""The Invisible Man"" was changed to ""An Invisible Man"" since Fox was unable to obtain the rights to the title character of H. G. Wells' ""The Invisible Man"", and his name was changed from ""Hawley Griffin"" to ""Rodney Skinner"". The Fu Manchu character was also dropped from the script. At Fox's request, the character of Tom Sawyer was added for American audiences and to give the movie some ""youth appeal"". Producer Don Murphy, who described the request as a ""stupid studio note"", later said that the move to add Sawyer was ""brilliant"". Connery was paid US$17 million for

On the eve of the operation, Hyde destroys the plans and recalls his former military glory. The robbery is bloodless and precise. Using smoke bombs, sub-machine guns, and radio jamming equipment, the gang raids the bank, near St Paul’s. The money is seized without serious injury and the robbers escape. At Hyde’s house, celebrations are interrupted by the unexpected arrival of Hyde’s old friend, Brigadier “Bunny” Warren (Robert Coote), who drunkenly recalls the old days. One by one the members leave carrying suitcases filled with notes. Then the telephone rings; Hyde is told that police and soldiers surround the house.

"James Nesbitt"
several make-up tests. His anticipation for the part was heightened because filming was not scheduled to begin until September 2006. Nesbitt spent an hour each day being made up as Hyde; a wig altered his hairline and prosthetics were added to his chin, nose and ear lobes. He also wore black contact lenses to make Hyde ""soulless"", though CGI was used to show the transformation from Jackman in close-ups. The series was broadcast on BBC One in June and July 2007. The role secured him a nomination from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for the Golden Globe Award for Best

"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season"
2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current

bowl games have hosted two semifinal playoff games on a rotating basis. For this season, the Rose Bowl and the Sugar Bowl hosted the semifinal games, with the winners advancing to the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. On December 3, 2017, the College Football Playoff selection committee announced their final team rankings for the year. This is restricted to coaching changes taking place on or after May 1, 2017. For coaching changes that occurred earlier in 2017, see 2016 NCAA Division I FBS end-of-season coaching changes. This list includes coaching changes announced during

the season that did not take effect until the end of the season. The Heisman Trophy is given to the year's most outstanding player. Quarterback Running back Wide receiver Tight end Lineman Defensive line Defensive back 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National

games for football. The Big 12 reinstated its championship game for the 2017 season, while the Sun Belt determined its 2017 football champion solely by regular-season records before launching a championship game starting in 2018. Rankings reflect the Week 14 AP Poll before the conference championship games were played. College Football Playoff participant There were 39 post-season bowl games, with two teams advancing to a 40th – the CFP National Championship game. Normally, a team is required to have a .500 minimum winning percentage during the regular season to become bowl eligible. If there are not enough winning teams to

fulfill all open bowl slots, teams with losing records may be chosen to fill all 78 bowl slots. Additionally, on the rare occasion in which a conference champion does not meet eligibility requirements, they are usually still chosen for bowl games via tie-ins for their conference. For the 2017 season, no team with a losing record was chosen for a bowl game. Three bowl-eligible teams, including one with a winning record, were denied bowl bids. ""An asterisk (*) indicates the team did not receive a bowl bid."" Total: 81 Total: 49 Since the 2014–15 postseason, six College Football Playoff (CFP)

"2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season"
2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2016 and ended on December 10, 2016. The postseason concluded on January 9, 2017 with the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship, where the Clemson Tigers defeated the Alabama Crimson Tide for their second national title in school history. The championship game was a rematch of the 2016 edition won by Alabama. The following rule changes were voted

to lack of ""indisputable video evidence"" to overturn the ruling on the field. Points of emphasis this season include speeding up games by: Coastal Carolina was in the second year of its FBS transition. It was counted as an FBS opponent for scheduling purposes, with full FBS membership and bowl eligibility following in the 2018 season. The UAB football team returned after a two-year absence. The program was shut down by school administrators following the 2014 season but was reinstated less than a year later. UAB resumed its place as a full football-sponsoring member of Conference USA. Idaho and New

"2017–18 NCAA football bowl games"
funds were factored in. As there are more bowl-eligible teams than bowl berths, three bowl-eligible teams did not receive a bowl berth: Number of bowl-ineligible teams: 49 2017–18 NCAA football bowl games The 2017–18 NCAA football bowl games was a series of college football bowl games which completed the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The games began on December 16, 2017, and aside from the all-star games ended with the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship which was played on January 8, 2018. The total of 40 team-competitive bowls, including the national championship game, was one less than

"2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season"
2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The 2017 National Championship game was played on January 6, 2018 in Frisco, Texas. The North Dakota State Bison beat the James Madison Dukes, 17–13 to capture their 6th title in 7 years. In addition, this was the final year for Campbell in the Pioneer Football League. In November 2016, the school announced that it would transition to scholarship

"2017 American Athletic Conference football season"
on February 9, 2017. The American Athletic Conference Media Day took place July 18– in Newport, Rhode Island. East Division West Division Predicted American Championship Game Winner ""Note: All stats current through the completion of the 2016 season ""* Randy Edsall coached UConn from 1999–2010, and is returning in 2017. UConn was a member of the Big East from 2004–2012."" ""† Major Applewhite was hired to replace Tom Herman in December 2016 at Houston and coached the Cougars in their 2016 bowl game."" Source: The conference's schedule was released on February 9, 2017. The regular season began on August 27,

"St Mary Undercroft"
stabbed carrying out his duties on the palace grounds during the 2017 Westminster attack. St Mary Undercroft The Chapel of St Mary Undercroft is a Church of England chapel in the Palace of Westminster, London, England. It had been a crypt below St Stephen's Chapel and had fallen into disuse, being pressed into service at various times as a wine cellar, dining room for Speakers (who had holes bored into the wall to accommodate two kitchen chimneys) and (now unconfirmed by records) stables for Oliver Cromwell's horses. After a fire had destroyed St Stephen's Chapel in 1834, the undercroft returned

"Hogwarts staff"
house; the jovial Fat Friar, who is the ghost of Hufflepuff house; and the Grey Lady, who in life was Helena Ravenclaw, the ghost of Ravenclaw house. These ghosts seem to act as something like advisers and aides to the students; Nick frequently helps Harry during moments of uncertainty or crisis. Despite animosity between the houses, their respective ghosts get along rather well with each other. Nearly Headless Nick speaks fondly of the Bloody Baron and claims that he cannot imagine starting a fight with him, while the Fat Friar pleads on behalf of Peeves the Poltergeist to allow him

Butler
higher rank than the butler. The butler can also be served by a head footman or footboy called the under-butler. The word ""butler"" comes from Anglo-Norman ""buteler"", variant form of Old Norman ""*butelier"", corresponding to Old French ""botellier"" ""officer in charge of the king's wine bottles"", derived of ""boteille"" ""bottle"", Modern French ""bouteille"", itself from Gallo-Romance ""bottle"". The role of the butler, for centuries, has been that of the chief steward of a household, the attendant entrusted with the care and serving of wine and other bottled beverages which in ancient times might have represented a considerable portion of the

St Mary Undercroft The Chapel of St Mary Undercroft is a Church of England chapel in the Palace of Westminster, London, England. It had been a crypt below St Stephen's Chapel and had fallen into disuse, being pressed into service at various times as a wine cellar, dining room for Speakers (who had holes bored into the wall to accommodate two kitchen chimneys) and (now unconfirmed by records) stables for Oliver Cromwell's horses. After a fire had destroyed St Stephen's Chapel in 1834, the undercroft returned to its former use as a place of worship. Although much stonework was damaged

"The House (The Keys to the Kingdom)"
Dame Primus, as the Steward of Arthur's regime, has attempted to make the Lower House manageable. The remaining Morrow Days have attempted to impede this effort by swamping the Lower House with paperwork. The Lower House is guarded by the Corps of Inspectors, by the robots known as Metal Commissionaires, by Denizen Commissionaire Sergeants, and by Midnight Visitors. These are under the control of the office of Monday's Dawn, Noon, and Dusk, respectively. Doorstop Hill, and on it the Front Door of the House, is located in the Lower House. The Front Door of the House is a means by

existence, and is guarded by a variety of insectoid Nithlings resembling oversized worms and beetles. Dame Primus mentions that Denizens of this area of the House would be immediately noticeable in the Great Maze. The floor of the Incomparable Gardens is the roof of the Upper House and is constantly rising thanks to the four Drasil trees which support it and grow to raise it. The branches of the trees attack anyone who comes near, and beetle-like Nithlings guard the trunks of the trees. It has been revealed by the Sixth Part of the Will that the Incomparable Gardens, rather

Hogwarts
Helga Hufflepuff's cup. When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk's gaze and decided to become a ghost to revenge on Hornby. Her bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle's disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught. The film's depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin's statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the

Hogwarts
Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is The Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth. The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff. The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from

"The Secret Garden"
a ladder. Startled and angry to find the children in the secret garden, he admits that he believed Colin to be a cripple. Colin stands up from his chair and finds that his legs are fine, though weak from long disuse. Colin and Mary soon spend almost every day in the garden, sometimes with Dickon as company. The children and Ben conspire to keep Colin's recovering health a secret from the other staff, so as to surprise his father, who is travelling abroad. As Colin's health improves, his father sees a coinciding increase in spirits, culminating in a dream where

However, in the American edition of ""Half-Blood Prince"", it is re-spelled as ""Sybill"", matching the UK edition. Professor Trelawney is portrayed by Emma Thompson in the ""Prisoner of Azkaban"", ""Order of the Phoenix"", and ""Deathly Hallows Part 2"". Hogwarts houses at least twenty ghosts, but when people in the novels speak of the ghosts at Hogwarts they usually refer to one of the four resident ghosts of the Hogwarts houses: Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington (or, as the students refer to him, Nearly Headless Nick), the almost beheaded ghost of Gryffindor house; the Bloody Baron, who is the ghost of Slytherin

two titles each; and England and Spain with one title each. The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world, as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative viewership of all matches of the 2006 World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match, a ninth of the entire population of the planet. 17 countries have hosted the World Cup. Brazil, France, Italy, Germany and Mexico have each hosted twice, while Uruguay, Switzerland, Sweden,

the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage. FIFA World Cup hosts Seventeen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centers of strength in football at the time. The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four

FIFA World Cup hosts Seventeen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centers of strength in football at the time. The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing. The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the

and beyond are not included. It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average. Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain have not been champions while hosting, and England has their only title as hosts. Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil. The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on

preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase, which is often called the ""World Cup Finals"". After this, 32 teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation(s), compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about a month. The 21 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, France and inaugural winner Uruguay, with

two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950). With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date. Brazil were also the first team to win the World Cup for the third (1970), fourth (1994) and fifth (2002) time. Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles. West Germany (1982–1990) and Brazil (1994–2002) are the only nations to appear in three consecutive

in the tournament. There are currently six awards: An ""All-Star Team"" consisting of the best players of the tournament has also been announced for each tournament since 1998. Three players share the record for playing in the most World Cups; Mexico's Antonio Carbajal (1950–1966) and Rafael Márquez (2002–2018); and Germany's Lothar Matthäus (1982–1998) all played in five tournaments. Matthäus has played the most World Cup matches overall, with 25 appearances. Brazil's Djalma Santos (1954–1962), West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer (1966–1974) and Germany's Philipp Lahm (2006–2014) are the only players to be named to three Finals All-Star Teams. Miroslav Klose of Germany

who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament.

"2014 FIFA World Cup statistics"
2014 FIFA World Cup statistics The following article outlines the statistics for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted, and matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. James Rodríguez was awarded the Golden Boot for scoring six goals, the first time that a Colombian player received the award. Source: FIFA Juan Cuadrado and Toni Kroos topped the assists table with four assists during the tournament. The winner of the Golden Glove was Manuel Neuer. In order of achieving the tally. Bold

numbers indicate the maximum values in each column. The Netherlands was the only team that used all 23 players during the tournament, making it the first team in World Cup history to ever use all of its squad players. 2014 FIFA World Cup statistics The following article outlines the statistics for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted, and matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. James Rodríguez was awarded the Golden Boot for scoring six goals, the first time that

"2014 FIFA World Cup"
Toni Kroos ranked as the overall leader. Lionel Messi, the Golden Ball recipient, finished fifth among forwards and was thus not included in the team. The total prize money on offer for the tournament was confirmed by FIFA as US$576 million (including payments of $70 million to domestic clubs and $100 million as player insurances), a 37 percent increase from the amount allocated in the 2010 tournament. Before the tournament, each of the 32 entrants received $1.5 million for preparation costs. At the tournament, the prize money was distributed as follows: Per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra

"2014 FIFA World Cup Final"
saw fewer chances with the closest coming from a Toni Kroos shot that went wide in the 81st minute. In the 88th minute, Germany’s all-time leading scorer Miroslav Klose was substituted for Mario Götze. This would be Klose’s final appearance for Germany. Early in the first half of extra time André Schürrle received a pass in front of goal from Götze, but his close-range shot was stopped by Romero. Minutes later, Rodrigo Palacio's lob over Manuel Neuer went just wide after the forward jumped on a mistake by Mats Hummels in the German penalty area. In the second half of

1986 and 1990. This marked the first time that teams from the same continent had won three consecutive World Cups (following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010). It was also the first time that a European nation had won the World Cup in the Americas. On aggregate Europe then had 11 victories, compared to South America's 9 victories. In total, 171 goals were scored by a record 121 players, with five credited as own goals. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted. The most notable disciplinary case was that of Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez, who was suspended for

and 2010 respectively, the first time this has happened in World Cup history. It was also the first time that three consecutive World Cup finals were still tied after 90 minutes. The final marked the first time a World Cup hosted in the Americas was not won by a team from the continent. In the winning German team, Miroslav Klose, who had become the top scorer in World Cup history in the semi-final victory over Brazil, became one of the very few players ever to have won gold, silver and bronze medals in the World Cup (bronze in 2006 and

too wide. Late in extra time, Messi had an opportunity to equalise from a free kick within goal-scoring distance, but his attempt flew high over the crossbar. In addition to Klose, Germany captain Philipp Lahm and veteran defender Per Mertesacker, a late substitute, announced that the final would also be their last match for Germany. Combined, these three players had amassed 354 appearances for the national team between them. <section begin=Final /><section end=Final /> <section begin=Lineups /> </includeonly><section end=Lineups /> Match rules: Due to the Argentina–Brazil football rivalry, the Brazilians in the crowd supported Germany, despite their resounding 7–1 victory

a cross by Ezequiel Lavezzi from the right wing. Germany responded when Thomas Müller raced into the penalty area and cut the ball back for Schürrle, who saw his first-time effort saved by a diving Argentine goalkeeper Sergio Romero. As the half ended Germany had a brief flurry of chances, the closest coming when Benedikt Höwedes' header hit the post from a corner during injury time. In the second half Lionel Messi missed an early opportunity when he fired wide of the German goal from inside the penalty area after receiving a through pass, but the remainder of the half

nine international matches and banned from taking part in any football-related activity (including entering any stadium) for four months, following a biting incident on Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini. He was also fined CHF100,000. After an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, Suárez was later allowed to participate in training and friendly matches with new club Barcelona. The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament: The members of the Technical Study Group, the committee that decided which players won the awards, were led by FIFA's head of the Technical Division Jean-Paul Brigger and featured: There were

when was the last time the carolina hurricanes made the playoffs

"Carolina Hurricanes"
on the edge of the playoff picture again, the club, on February 7, acquired utility forward Jussi Jokinen from the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Wade Brookbank, Josef Melichar and Carolina's fourth round draft pick in 2009, then reacquired winger Erik Cole from the Edmonton Oilers at the March trade deadline and proceeded on a 12–3–2 run to close out the season. The stretch run included nine straight wins, matching a franchise record from the 2005–06 season, and capped off a streak of 12 straight home wins, which set a new franchise mark. The team finished sixth in the

playoffs for the sixth consecutive season. After team captain Eric Staal was traded to the New York Rangers at the trade deadline, the team finished sixth in the division during the 2015–16 season. The Hurricanes finished seventh in the division in the 2016–17 season, missing the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. Before the 2017–18 season, the Hurricanes unveiled new uniforms. On July 13, 2017, it was reported that Chuck Greenberg had sent Karmanos a letter of intent to buy the team for $500 million. On December 7, 2017, it was announced that Thomas Dundon signed an agreement to purchase

the new Metropolitan Division. They would finish seventh in the division during the 2013–14 season (ahead of only the New York Islanders) and would miss the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season, which prompted management to fire head coach Kirk Muller. In addition, longtime general manager Jim Rutherford was promoted to an advisory role after the season, with longtime Hurricanes star Ron Francis announced as his replacement on April 28, 2014. On June 19, 2014, Bill Peters was named head coach of the team. During the 2014–15 season, the team finished last in the Metropolitan Division and would miss the

Penguins are the only other teams to have accomplished the feat. The Hurricanes were unable to follow up their success. Losing four players to free agency in the offseason and 222-man games to injury during 2006–07, the team struggled throughout the regular season, and once eliminated in the last game, the Hurricanes finished third in the Southeast and 11th overall in the Eastern Conference. This finish made them the first champions since the 1938–39 Chicago Black Hawks to have failed to qualify for the playoffs both the seasons before and after their championship season, and the third champion overall to

season at The Big E Coliseum in West Springfield, Massachusetts. On January 11, 1975, the team played its first game in front of a sellout crowd at the Hartford Civic Center Coliseum, and would maintain its home there through 1997. As one of the most stable WHA teams, the Whalers, along with the Edmonton Oilers, Quebec Nordiques and Winnipeg Jets, were admitted to the NHL when the rival leagues merged in 1979. However, under pressure from the extant NHL team in the New England area, the Boston Bruins, the Whalers were compelled to rename the team the Hartford Whalers. The

to lag; most games attracted crowds of well under 10,000. On the ice, however, the 'Canes were now out of the doldrums; led by the return of longtime Whalers captain Ron Francis, Keith Primeau's 30 goals and Gary Roberts' 178 penalty minutes, they tallied their first winning season and playoff appearance since 1992. They also won the new Southeast Division by eight points, only their second division title as an NHL team (following the 1987 Adams Division title as the Whalers). However, tragedy struck hours after the team's first-round loss to the Bruins, when defenseman Steve Chiasson was thrown from

of the salary figures of many other teams' coaches, let alone those of their general managers, who serve in a higher-ranking position. Leading up to Kypreos' report, candidates such as Nashville Predators assistant general manager Paul Fenton, New Jersey Devils assistant general manager Tom Fitzgerald, and Los Angeles Kings assistant general manager Mike Futa had all reportedly passed on the position. Ultimately, on May 8, 2018, the Hurricanes announced the hiring of former Atlanta Thrashers general manager Don Waddell as team president and general manager. Waddell had previously been serving as the team's interim general manager since the promotion of

Whalers were never as successful in the NHL as they had been in the WHA, recording only three winning seasons. They peaked in the mid-to-late 1980s, winning their only playoff series in 1986 over the Nordiques before bowing out in the second round to the Montreal Canadiens, taking the Habs to overtime of Game 7 in the process. The next year, the club secured the regular-season Adams Division title, only to fall to the Nordiques in six games in the first round of the playoffs. In 1992, the Whalers made the playoffs for the final time, but were bounced in

to be one of the NHL's biggest surprises, turning in the best season in the franchise's 34-year history. They finished the regular season with a 52–22–8 record and 112 points, shattering the previous franchise records of 94 points (in the WHA) set by the 1972–73 Whalers and 93 points (in the NHL) set in 1986–87. It was the first time ever that the franchise had passed the 50-win and 100-point plateaus. The 112-point figure was good for fourth overall in the league, easily their highest overall finish as an NHL team (tied with the third-overall Dallas Stars in points, but

Carolina Hurricanes The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Hurricanes play their home games at the 18,680-seat PNC Arena. The franchise was formed in 1971 as the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association (WHA), and joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL–WHA merger, renaming themselves the Hartford Whalers. The team relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and won its first Stanley Cup during the 2005–06 season, beating the Edmonton Oilers,

the first permanent european settlement on future united states soil was located where

"St. Augustine, Florida"
members was Zora Neale Hurston; a historic marker is placed at the house where she lived while teaching at Florida Memorial (and where she wrote her autobiography ""Dust Tracks on a Road"".) Government resources Local news media Historical Higher education St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine () is a city in the Southeastern United States, on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement within the borders of the continental United States. The county seat of St. Johns County, St. Augustine is part of Florida's First Coast region and

St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine () is a city in the Southeastern United States, on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement within the borders of the continental United States. The county seat of St. Johns County, St. Augustine is part of Florida's First Coast region and the Jacksonville metropolitan area. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 12,975. The United States Census Bureau's 2013 estimate of the city's population was 13,679, while the urban area had a population of 71,379 in 2012. St. Augustine

"New Russia (trading post)"
layer, clear evidence of significant fire occurring at the site, and it has long been reported locally as a source of other types of artifacts, including cannonballs and iron scraps. New Russia was established in 1796 by the Russian-American Company as one of a series of outposts and settlements that extended as far south as Old Sitka (called Redoubt St. Archangel Michael by the Russians). The Yakutat site was contemplated as a possible site for the capital of Russian America. The land was purchased from the local Tlingit people by Alexander Baranov in 1794, with settlement planned for the following

"History of St. Augustine, Florida"
that may be accessed via phones without internet access as well as desktop computers and smart mobile devices. History of St. Augustine, Florida The history of St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European origin in the United States, began in 1565 when it was founded by the Spanish admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. The Spanish Crown issued an ""asiento"" to Menéndez, signed by King Philip II on March 20, 1565, granting him various titles, including that of ""adelantado"" of Florida, and expansive privileges to exploit the lands in the vast territory of Spanish Florida, called ""La Florida""

the new Pennsylvania colony was given to William Penn in settlement of a debt the king owed his father. Its government was set up by William Penn in about 1682 to become primarily a refuge for persecuted English Quakers; but others were welcomed. Baptists, German and Swiss Protestants and Anabaptists also flocked to Pennsylvania. The lure of cheap land, religious freedom and the right to improve themselves with their own hand was very attractive. Slavery was a common practice in the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans, as different American Indian groups captured and held other tribes' members as

all treasure found (the ""quinto real"" collected by the ""Casa de Contratación""), in addition to collecting all the taxes they could. By the late 16th century American silver accounted for one-fifth of Spain's total budget. In the 16th century perhaps 240,000 Europeans entered American ports. Inspired by the Spanish riches from colonies founded upon the conquest of the Aztecs, Incas, and other large Native American populations in the 16th century, the first Englishmen to settle permanently in America hoped for some of the same rich discoveries when they established their first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. They were

"European Americans"
European Americans European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry. This term includes people who are descended from the first European settlers in America and as well as people who are descended from more recent European arrivals. Euro-Americans are the largest panethnic group in the United States, both historically and at present. The Spaniards are thought to be the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the contiguous United States, with Martín de Argüelles ( 1566) in St. Augustine, then a part of Spanish Florida. Virginia Dare ( August 18, 1587) on

died in combat. Between 500 and 1,000 of the Spaniards engaged in the conquest died. Later, the areas that are today California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Missouri, Louisiana, and Alabama were taken over by other conquistadors, such as Hernando de Soto, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, and Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca. Farther to the south, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire during the 1530s. The de Soto expedition was the first major encounter of Europeans with North American Indians in the eastern half of the United States. The expedition journeyed from Florida through present-day Georgia and the Carolinas, then

among the colonists. To support the Colony, numerous supply missions were organized. Tobacco later became a cash crop, with the work of John Rolfe and others, for export and the sustaining economic driver of Virginia and the neighboring colony of Maryland. From the beginning of Virginia's settlements in 1587 until the 1680s, the main source of labor and a large portion of the immigrants were indentured servants looking for new life in the overseas colonies. During the 17th century, indentured servants constituted three-quarters of all European immigrants to the Chesapeake region. Most of the indentured servants were teenagers from England

Mars
silicon and oxygen, metals, and other elements that typically make up rock. The surface of Mars is primarily composed of tholeiitic basalt, although parts are more silica-rich than typical basalt and may be similar to andesitic rocks on Earth or silica glass. Regions of low albedo suggest concentrations of plagioclase feldspar, with northern low albedo regions displaying higher than normal concentrations of sheet silicates and high-silicon glass. Parts of the southern highlands include detectable amounts of high-calcium pyroxenes. Localized concentrations of hematite and olivine have been found. Much of the surface is deeply covered by finely grained iron(III) oxide dust.

Mars
only slightly less than the total area of Earth's dry land. Mars is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of Earth's mass, resulting in about 38% of Earth's surface gravity. The red-orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron(III) oxide, or rust. It can look like butterscotch; other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on the minerals present. Like Earth, Mars has differentiated into a dense metallic core overlaid by less dense materials. Current models of its interior imply a core with a radius of about , consisting

"Common surface features of Mars"
a wind is blowing, the material creates a long, dark streak or fan. During the winter, much frost accumulates. It freezes out directly onto the surface of the permanent polar cap, which is made of water ice covered with layers of dust and sand. The deposit begins as a layer of dusty CO2 frost. Over the winter, it recrystallizes and becomes denser. The dust and sand particles caught in the frost slowly sink. By the time temperatures rise in the spring, the frost layer has become a slab of semi-transparent ice about 3 feet thick, lying on a substrate of

"Mars surface color"
sensors such as the Mars Express OMEGA instrument. The rest of the iron in the dust, perhaps as much as 50% of the mass, may be in titanium enriched magnetite (FeO). Magnetite is usually black in colour with a black streak, and does not contribute to the reddish hue of dust. The mass fraction of chlorine and sulfur in the dust is greater than that which has been found (by the Mars Exploration Rovers ""Spirit"" and ""Opportunity"") in the soil types at Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum. The sulfur in the dust also shows a positive correlation with npOx. This

Mars
primarily of iron and nickel with about 16–17% sulfur. This iron(II) sulfide core is thought to be twice as rich in lighter elements as Earth's. The core is surrounded by a silicate mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet, but it appears to be dormant. Besides silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The average thickness of the planet's crust is about , with a maximum thickness of . Earth's crust averages . Mars is a terrestrial planet that consists of minerals containing

"Water on Mars"
Mars as both ice and locked into the structure of abundant water-rich materials, including clay minerals (phyllosilicates) and sulfates. Studies of hydrogen isotopic ratios indicate that asteroids and comets from beyond 2.5 astronomical units (AU) provide the source of Mars' water, that currently totals 6% to 27% of the Earth's present ocean. The primary rock type on the surface of Mars is basalt, a fine-grained igneous rock made up mostly of the mafic silicate minerals olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar. When exposed to water and atmospheric gases, these minerals chemically weather into new (secondary) minerals, some of which may incorporate

"Martian soil"
its surface is littered with rocks and boulders. The dust is occasionally picked up in vast planet-wide dust storms. Mars dust is very fine, and enough remains suspended in the atmosphere to give the sky a reddish hue. The reddish hue is due to rusting iron minerals presumably formed a few billion years ago when Mars was warm and wet, but now that Mars is cold and dry, modern rusting may be due to a superoxide that forms on minerals exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. The sand is believed to move only slowly in the Martian winds due to

"Composition of Mars"
some rocks were caused by sulfates forming large crystals, and then when the crystals later dissolved, holes, called vugs, were left behind. The concentration of the element bromine in rocks was highly variable probably because it is very soluble. Water may have concentrated it in places before it evaporated. Another mechanism for concentrating highly soluble bromine compounds is frost deposition at night that would form very thin films of water that would concentrate bromine in certain spots. One rock, ""Bounce Rock,"" found sitting on the sandy plains was found to be ejecta from an impact crater. Its chemistry was different

containing Noachian-aged rocks. Another large olivine-rich outcrop is in Ganges Chasma, an eastern side chasm of Valles Marineris (pictured). Olivine weathers rapidly into clay minerals in the presence of liquid water. Therefore, areas with large outcroppings of olivine-bearing rock indicate that liquid water has not been abundant since the rocks formed. Pyroxene minerals are also widespread across the surface. Both low-calcium (ortho-) and high-calcium (clino-) pyroxenes are present, with the high-calcium varieties associated with younger volcanic shields and the low-calcium forms (enstatite) more common in the old highland terrain. Because enstatite melts at a higher temperature than its high-calcium cousin,

type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one

"Mother's Day (1980 film)"
Mother. Meanwhile, three adult women with a long-time friendship, Abbey, Jackie, and Trina, are reunited every year for a camping trip at Deep Barons. After stopping at a nearby store for supplies, they arrive at their destination and begin to camp. While in the woods, they begin to explore, sitting around the campfire telling stories and having fun by swimming and fishing, unbeknownst that they are being stalked by Ike and Addley. At night, the two brothers capture the three women in their sleeping bags and bring them to Mother's cabin residence in the woods. It is revealed that the

tornado is heading their way; Daniel assures his guests that the basement is tornado proof. After a bank robbery gone wrong, three brothers, eldest and leader Ike (Patrick Flueger), irrational and irresponsible Addley (Warren Kole) and Johnny (Matt O'Leary), who has been badly injured, are on the run from the law. They reach their mother's house only to find it unrecognizable. Daniel and Beth, hearing noise upstairs, leave the basement party only to find the brothers holding them hostage within their home at gunpoint. Terrified, Beth offers the brothers the help of George, a doctor, who begins to tend to

"Independence Day (1983 film)"
DVD release by the Warner Archive Collection on November 2015. In the small town of Mercury, New Mexico (film was shot in Anson, Texas) where she works as a waitress in her family's diner, Mary Ann Taylor's true love is photography. She would like to get beyond these limits, but when Jack Parker returns to town, he lets her know that he's been to the big city and happiness there is as elusive as anyplace else. Mary Ann and Jack fall in love. Their bliss is interrupted, however, by the discovery that Jack's meek sister is being physically abused by

"Mother's Day (2016 film)"
Mother's Day (2016 film) Mother's Day is a 2016 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Marshall, Tom Hines, Lily Hollander, Anya Kochoff-Romano and Matt Walker. It features an ensemble cast, led by Jennifer Aniston, Kate Hudson, Shay Mitchell, Julia Roberts, Jason Sudeikis, Timothy Olyphant, Britt Robertson, Jack Whitehall, Héctor Elizondo, and Margo Martindale. Filming began on August 18, 2015, in Atlanta, Georgia. It was released in the United States on April 29, 2016 by Open Road Films and grossed $48 million worldwide. The film is similar in format to Marshall's previous two ensemble romantic comedies

Robertson, Shay Mitchell, Jack Whitehall, Loni Love, and Aasif Mandvi joined the cast. On October 6, Hilary Duff was confirmed to appear, but she declined due to scheduling conflicts with filming the second season of her show ""Younger"". Principal photography on the film began on August 18, 2015, in Atlanta, Georgia. Though shooting her part required only four days, Julia Roberts was paid $3 million. ""Mother's Day"" was released domestically on April 29, 2016 by Open Road Films. ""Mother's Day"" grossed $32.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $15.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of

off in the maternity ward. She gets up and goes to check on her baby, but the bassinette is empty. The film ends with Lydia, Johnny and Mother leaving the country in the RV with Beth's baby. Principal photography began on August 24, 2009, and wrapped on October 9. Filming took place in Manitoba and Winnipeg. Bousman said that the film will have a realistic gritty tone. The film is directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and produced by Rat Entertainment’s Brett Ratner and Jay Stern; Genre Co.’s Richard Saperstein and Brian Witten; and LightTower Entertainment’s Curtis Leopardo"". The special effect

the film has since become a cult classic over the years. A loose remake, also called ""Mother's Day"", was released in 2010. In a Growth Opportunity graduation, a couple named Terry and Charlie are offered a ride from an old woman where they are driven into the woods. After the old woman's car is stalled, two inbred killers appear and attack; Charlie is decapitated with a machete in the backseat while Terry is brutally assaulted before being garroted by the old lady. It is revealed that the dual killers named Ike and Addley are the woman's sons, who is nicknamed

daughters and missing her terribly. Miranda (Julia Roberts) is an accomplished author who gave up her only child Kristin (Britt Robertson) for adoption at birth; as the adult Kristin has her own daughter and mulls over marrying the father, she contemplates the missing part in her life and her friend Jesse (Kate Hudson) encourages her to search for her birthmother. Meanwhile, Jesse and her sister Gabi never see their own mother, so they're surprised when their parents suddenly show up, and plenty of catching-up is in order. In April 2013, Dennis Dugan confirmed that he would next develop Garry Marshall's

card from Daniel to Julie, as well as photographs and newspaper articles of a child killed in a car accident. Ike and Beth dispose of Melissa's body behind a dumpster, where she is soon found to be alive by two sanitation workers who rush her to a hospital. While at the ATM, Beth and Ike encounter two party girls, Vicky Rice (A. J. Cook) and Jenna Luther (Alexa Vega), who Ike quickly kills after they realize he has a gun. The pair travel to Treshawn's laundromat business to take money out of the safe, where Beth attempts to escape but

History of Hawaii The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 1120 AD, when the islands were first settled by Polynesians. Hawaiian civilization was isolated from the rest of the world for at least 500 years. Europeans led by British explorer James Cook arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. Within five years, European military technology helped Kamehameha I conquer and unify the islands for the first time, establishing the Kingdom of Hawaii. The kingdom was prosperous and important for its agriculture and strategic location in the

Discovery and settlement of Hawaii There is no definitive date for the Polynesian discovery of Hawaii. However, high-precision radiocarbon dating in Hawaii using chonometric hygiene analysis, and taxonomic identification selection of samples, puts the initial first settlement of the Hawaiian Islands sometime between 1219 and 1266 C.E., originating from earlier settlements first established in the Society Islands around 1025 to 1120 C.E., and in the Marquesan Islands sometime between 1100 and 1200 C.E. The frequently hypothesized model of constant population growth is that once people first arrived the population growth was constant until James Cook's arrival and thus halted by

Polynesians was passed down through genealogy chants that were recited at formal and family functions. The genealogy of the high chiefs could be traced back to the period believed to be inhabited only by gods. The ""pua aliʻi"" (""flower of royalty"") were considered to be living gods. By about 1000, settlements founded along the perimeters of the islands were beginning to cultivate food in gardens. A Tahitian priest named Pā‘ao is said to have brought a new order to the islands around 1200. The new order included new laws and a new social structure that separated the people into classes.

"Spanish immigration to Hawaii"
laborers to Hawaii began in 1907, when the British steamship SS ""Heliopolis"" arrived in Honolulu Harbor with 2,246 immigrants from the Málaga province of Spain. However, rumored poor accommodations and food on the voyage created political complications that delayed the next Spanish importation until 1911, when the SS ""Orteric"" arrived with a mixed contingent of 960 Spanish and 565 Portuguese immigrants, the Spanish having boarded at Gibraltar, and the Portuguese at Oporto and Lisbon. However, the two groups argued and fought with each other during the long voyage, """"so much so that they had to be separated. The women .

and briefly, as the population grew so did their agricultural imprint (forest clearing by burning) and building of ""heiau"" at those sites, as well as the decline of plants. The paleo-environmental data showed that during 1450-1778 the pace of construction of ""heiau"" slowed dramatically as did the clearing of agricultural land. Accordingly, the estimated population in 1778 around Cook's arrival was between 110,000 and 150,000. James Cook was not the first Westerner to visit Hawaii. Diseases to which Hawaiians lacked immunity may well have already been spread. Testing of a young woman's bones buried in O'ahu, dated sometime between AD

"Japanese in Hawaii"
Japanese in Hawaii The Japanese in Hawaii (simply Japanese or “Local Japanese”, rarely Kepanī) are the second largest ethnic group in Hawaii. At their height in 1920, they constituted 43% of Hawaii's population. They now number about 16.7% of the islands' population, according to the 2000 U.S. Census. The U.S. Census separately categorizes mixed-race individuals, so the proportion of people with some Japanese ancestry is likely much larger. The first known arrival of Japanese to Hawaii came on May 5, 1806, involving survivors of the ill-fated ship ""Inawaka-maru"" who had been adrift aboard their disabled ship for more than seventy

of Hawaii settlement date, of around AD 1150, and a proposed growth rate at the highest in the world, and relying on the paleo-environmental evidence of early human impact on the land completely contradicts the constant population growth theory. Instead, the estimated population curve can be divided into three sections, pre-settlement where there were no people, the initial settlement growth phase of approximately 100 people around 1150 AD to the population peak in 1450 of approximately 150,000 people. The third phase between 1450 and 1778 reflected a relatively stable population, where apparent declines were followed by periods of growth. Simply

Hawaii
plantations in the mid-to-late 19th century. The first 153 Japanese immigrants arrived in Hawaii on June 19, 1868. They were not approved by the then-current Japanese government because the contract was between a broker and the Tokugawa shogunate—by then replaced by the Meiji Restoration. The first Japanese current-government-approved immigrants arrived on February 9, 1885, after Kalākaua's petition to Emperor Meiji when Kalākaua visited Japan in 1881. Almost 13,000 Portuguese migrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. By 1901, over 5,000 Puerto Ricans were living in Hawaii. English and Hawaiian are listed as Hawaii's official languages

of Hawaii of the United States. The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate. Archaeology seems to indicate a settlement as early as 124 AD. Patrick Vinton Kirch's books on Hawaiian archeology, standard textbooks, date the first Polynesian settlements to about 300, with more recent suggestions by Kirch as late as 600. Other theories suggest dates as late as 700 to 800. More radical theories have been advanced from high-precision radiocarbon dating that drastically alter the timeline. These theories place the first settlements of Hawaii after 1120. The history of the ancient

altogether. Koreans immigrated until 1905, and by 1908, a total of 180,000 Japanese workers had already arrived, though no more Japanese were allowed in after that. Ultimately, 50,000 Japanese workers remained permanently. Records from 1852 to 1875 indicate that in total, 56,720 Chinese arrived during that time period, however there were thousands of duplicates in the number of arrival records because of re-entry of those who had left the islands and returned. The first US census in 1900 put the population of Chinese at 22,296 men and 3,471 females. Discovery and settlement of Hawaii There is no definitive date for

"Canadian Shield"
Shield is one of the world's richest areas in terms of mineral ores. It is filled with substantial deposits of nickel, gold, silver, and copper. Throughout the Shield there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. The largest, and one of the best known, is Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. Ejecta from the meteorite impact was found in the Rove Formation in May 2007. The nearby, but less known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly, has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin.

This suggests it could be a second metal-rich impact crater. In northeastern Quebec, the giant Manicouagan Reservoir is the site of an extensive hydroelectric project (Manic-cinq, or Manic-5). This is one of the largest-known meteorite impact craters on Earth. The Flin Flon greenstone belt in central Manitoba and east-central Saskatchewan is one of the largest Paleoproterozoic volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) districts in the world, containing 27 copper-zinc-(gold) deposits from which more than 183 million tons of sulfide have been mined. The Shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. The

kimberlite pipes in which the diamonds are found are closely associated with cratons, which provide the deep lithospheric mantle required to stabilize diamond as a mineral. The kimberlite eruptions then bring the diamonds from over depth to the surface. Currently the Ekati and Diavik mines are actively mining kimberlite diamonds. Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield, also called the Laurentian Plateau, or """" (French), is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia). Composed of igneous rock resulting from

As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface. The high pressures and temperatures at those depths provided ideal conditions for mineralization. Although these mountains are now heavily eroded, many large mountains still exist in Canada's far north called the Arctic Cordillera. This is a vast deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The range's highest peak is Nunavut's Barbeau Peak at above sea level. Precambrian rock is the major component of the

"Economy of Canada"
source of timber. Canada is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds, lead, and in recent years, crude petroleum, which, with the world's second-largest oil reserves, is taking an increasingly prominent position in natural resources extraction. Several of Canada's largest companies are based in natural resource industries, such as Encana, Cameco, Goldcorp, and Barrick Gold. The vast majority of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary and service industries that are directly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries

bedrock ranges from 600 to 1200 million years old. Each belt probably grew by the coalescence of accumulations erupted from numerous vents, making the tally of volcanoes reach the hundreds. Many of Canada's major ore deposits are associated with Precambrian volcanoes. The Sturgeon Lake Caldera in Kenora District, Ontario, is one of the world's best preserved mineralized Neoarchean caldera complexes, which is 2.7 billion years old. The Canadian Shield also contains the Mackenzie dike swarm, which is the largest dike swarm known on Earth. Mountains have deep roots and float on the denser mantle much like an iceberg at sea.

of the United States. Human population is sparse, and industrial development is minimal, while mining is prevalent. The Canadian Shield is a physiographic division, consisting of five smaller, physiographic provinces: the Laurentian Upland, Kazan Region, Davis, Hudson and James. The shield extends into the United States as the Adirondack Mountains (connected by the Frontenac Axis) and the Superior Upland. The Canadian Shield is U-shaped and is a subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. The Canadian Shield is more than 3.96 billion years old. The Canadian

the sea upon the continent. It is the Earth's greatest area of exposed Archean rock. The metamorphic base rocks are mostly from the Precambrian Supereon (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago), and have been repeatedly uplifted and eroded. Today it consists largely of an area of low relief above sea level with a few monadnocks and low mountain ranges (including the Torngat and Laurentian Mountains) probably eroded from the plateau during the Cenozoic Era. During the Pleistocene Epoch, continental ice sheets depressed the land surface (see Hudson Bay), scooped out thousands of lake basins, and carried away much

bedrock. The North American craton is the bedrock forming the heart of the North American continent and the Canadian Shield is the largest exposed part of the craton's bedrock. The Canadian Shield is part of an ancient continent called Arctica, which was formed about 2.5 billion years ago during the Neoarchean era. It was split into Greenland, Laurentia, Scotland and Siberia and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole. The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. This arrangement was

"Petroleum industry in Canada"
and it did not process any Newfoundland oil at all until 2014. Until then all of Newfoundland's production went to refineries in the United States and elsewhere in Canada, while the refinery imported all its oil from other countries. British Columbia produced an average of oil and equivalent in 2015, or about 1.4% of Canada's petroleum. About 38% of this liquids production was light crude oil, but most of it (62%) was natural-gas condensate. British Columbia's oil fields lie at the gas-prone northwest end of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, and its oil industry is secondary to the larger natural

"WWE Raw"
WWE Raw WWE Raw, also known as Monday Night Raw or simply Raw, is a professional wrestling television program that currently airs live on Monday evenings at 8 pm ET on the USA Network in the United States. The show's name is also used to refer to the Raw brand, to which WWE employees are assigned to work and perform. The show debuted on January 11, 1993 and has since been considered as the flagship program of WWE. ""Raw"" moved from the USA Network to TNN in September 2000, which was rebranded to Spike TV in August 2003. On October

"WWE SmackDown"
19, 2016, it was moved to a live broadcast on Tuesday night. ""SmackDown!"" debuted in the United States on the UPN television network on April 29, 1999, but after the merger of UPN and the WB, ""SmackDown!"" began airing on The CW in September 2006. The show was moved to MyNetworkTV in October 2008, to Syfy on October 1, 2010 and to USA Network on January 7, 2016. It complements ""Raw"" as the second of WWE's two main weekly programs. As of March 3, 2017, all archived episodes of the show are available for on demand viewing via the WWE

"WWE Raw"
June 26, 2018, WWE and USA Network announced a five-year contract extension for ""Raw"". The new agreement for the live, weekly three-hour block will commence in October 2019. On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company’s TV shows and some of its web series which includes ""Raw"". Episodes of ""Raw"" are available for viewing the following day as a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network. As of December 9, 2016, all episodes of ""Raw"" are available on

"WWE Raw"
also began its permanent three-hour format. On January 14, 2013, ""Raw"" celebrated its 20th year on the air. On May 25, 2016, WWE reintroduced the brand split, and a new set with red ring ropes, a brand new stage, used at SummerSlam. Furthermore, the broadcast table was moved to the entrance ramp similar to how it was in 2002–2005. On January 22, 2018, WWE celebrated the 25th anniversary of Raw with a simulcast show at the Barclay's Center in Brooklyn and the home of the first Monday Night Raw, the Manhattan Center. On the February 20 episode of ""Raw"", six

WWE SmackDown WWE SmackDown, also referred to as SmackDown Live or simply SmackDown, is a professional wrestling television program that debuted on April 29, 1999. The show's name also refers to the SmackDown brand, to which WWE employees are assigned to work and perform. ""SmackDown"" is broadcast live on Tuesday nights on the USA Network but will be aired on Fox network beginning on October 4, 2019 and will move back to Fridays. The show used to be broadcast on Thursday nights but moved to Friday on September 9, 2005, before returning to Thursdays on January 15, 2015. On July

1000th episode on October 16, 2018. WWF SmackDown! (as it was originally known) was set up to compete against WCW's Thursday night show, ""Thunder"". In the spirit of the WWF's Attitude Era, the show was originally planned to be two hours of WWF Divas in primetime TV. However, this did not work out, and instead ""SmackDown!"" became a complementary show to augment ""Raw is War"". ""SmackDown!"" first appeared on April 29, 1999 using the ""Raw"" set as a single television special on UPN. On August 26, 1999, SmackDown! officially debuted on UPN. Like WCW Thunder, SmackDown! was recorded on Tuesdays

"WWE Raw"
with the 1,000th episode on July 23, 2012. Since then, all three hours of the broadcast have been known solely as ""Raw"", though they are still considered three separate programs for Nielsen ratings purposes (as indicated by the on-screen copyright notice shown near the end of each hour). In 2008, ""Raw"" went HD debuting a new stage. In 2010, WWE retired the red ropes for ""Raw"" after thirteen years for an all white scheme, and in 2012 became standard for all WWE programming. In 2012, ""Raw"" updated their HD set. Starting in mid 2014, this set would also be featured

"WWE Raw"
TNT, which marked the start of the Monday Night Wars. ""Raw"" and ""Nitro"" went head-to-head for the first time on September 11, 1995. At the start of the ratings war in 1995 through to mid-1996, ""Raw"" and ""Nitro"" exchanged victories over each other in a closely contested rivalry. Beginning in mid-1996, however, due to the nWo angle, ""Nitro"" started a ratings win-streak that lasted for 84 consecutive weeks, ending on April 13, 1998. On February 3, 1997, ""Raw"" went to a two-hour format, to compete with the extra hour on Nitro, and by March 10, it was renamed to ""Raw

"WWE Raw"
the hashtag. On March 23, 2015, WWE added a small LED board to the left side of the ring on ""Raw"". This LED board was also used at WrestleMania 31. The LED board since is now on an on/off basis, featuring in some weeks and not others. On the 1,000th episode of ""Raw"", ""The Night"" by Kromestatik debuted as the theme for ""Raw"" while ""Energy"" by Shinedown served as the secondary theme-song until August 18, 2014, when it was replaced with ""Denial"" by We Are Harlot. On the September 14, 2015 season premiere of ""Raw"", the middle rope was colored

"WWE Raw"
3, 2005, ""Raw"" returned to the USA Network, where it remains today. As of December 9, 2016, all episodes of the show, older than 30 days, are now available on demand on the WWE Network. Since its first episode, ""Raw"" has broadcast live from 208 different arenas in 171 cities and towns in eleven different nations (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Afghanistan in 2005, Iraq in 2006 and 2007, South Africa, Germany, Japan, Italy, and Mexico). Following the 1000th episode on July 23, 2012, ""Raw"" became a three-hour broadcast from two hours, a format that had previously been

including Anheuser-Busch InBev and MillerCoors. These large-scale brewers also produce other popular styles, often relatively light in body, flavor and calories. Light beer, which was introduced on a large scale by Miller Brewing Company in the early 1970s, is a beer made with reduced alcohol and carbohydrate content, and has grown to eclipse many of the original pale lager brands in sales. Bud Light, brewed by Anheuser-Busch InBev, is the top-selling beer in the United States. Ice beer is an example which has been partially freeze-distilled with the intention of concentrating flavor and alcohol. The technique is based on that

"Miller Lite"
Diego, California, in 1973, and heavily marketed using masculine pro sports players and other, so-called, macho figures of the day in an effort to sell to the key beer-drinking male demographic. Miller Lite was introduced nationally in 1975. Miller's heavy-advertising approach worked where the two previous light beers had failed, and Miller's early production totals of 12.8 million barrels quickly increased to 24.2 million barrels by 1977 as Miller rose to 2nd place in the American brewing marketplace. Other brewers responded, in particular Anheuser-Busch with its heavily advertised Bud Light in 1982, which eventually overtook Lite in sales by 1994.

of corn, birch sap and water. The earliest record of brewing by non-native peoples dates from 1587, and the first commercial brewery in the United States was built by the Dutch West India Company in 1632 in Lower Manhattan on Brewers (later Stone) Street. On February 5, 1663 Nicholas Varlett obtained from Peter Stuyvesant a patent for a brewery on Castle Point in Hoboken, New Jersey. The brewing traditions of England and the Netherlands (as brought to New York) ensured that colonial drinking would be dominated by beer rather than wine. Until the middle of the 19th century, British-style ales

In creating the brewery, the Weston Brewing Company became one of the first lager breweries in the United States. In St. Louis, a prosperous German soap maker, Eberhard Anheuser, purchased a struggling brewery in 1860. His daughter married a brewery supplier, Adolphus Busch, who took over the company after his father-in-law's death, and renamed it Anheuser-Busch. Busch soon toured Europe, discovering the success of Bohemian lager, and introduced Budweiser beer (named after a beer brewed in the town of Budweis in Bohemia) in 1876. Anheuser-Busch, and its Budweiser beer, would go on to be the largest brewery and beer brand

company in the United States, having been established in 1829 by David Yuengling, and is one of the largest breweries by volume in the country. Headquartered in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, it is currently the largest American-owned brewery. One of the earliest large-scale brewers was Best Brewing, a Milwaukee brewery built by German immigrant Phillip Best in the 1840s. It began shipping its beer to Chicago and St. Louis the following decade, first by ferry and eventually by rail, establishing an early trans-market beer brand in the United States. Other successful breweries of the era begun by German immigrants in Milwaukee included

"Light beer"
is not primarily intended to produce a less intoxicating beverage. This is the primary definition in the United States, where the spelling Lite beer is also encountered, and where popular light beers include Bud Light, Miller Lite, and Coors Light. Light beer Light beer (invented in 1967 by American biochemist Joseph Owades) is a beer (usually a Pilsner) that is reduced in alcohol content or in calories compared to regular beers. Light beers may be chosen by beer drinkers who wish to manage their alcohol consumption or their calorie intake; however, they are sometimes criticised for being less flavourful than

in Scotland, McAuliffe's brewery offered bottle-conditioned porter, stout, and pale ale to a public more accustomed to lightly-flavored lagers. Despite only staying in business for seven years, New Albion ignited an interest in craft beer and set a precedent for a generation of craft brewers, including Ken Grossman and the owners of Mendocino Brewing Company, the nation's first brewpub. On October 14, 1978, H.R. 1337 was signed into law, which legalized the home production of a small amount of beer or wine for personal consumption. Since then, the United States has witnessed a resurgence of brewing culture and the widespread

finished product. The dominance of the so-called ""macrobrew"" led to an international stereotype of ""American beer"" as poor in quality and flavor. By the 1970s, consolidation and dominance by the country's major brewers led to the fewest number of breweries in the country's modern history. Despite this, the period also saw the beginnings of the country's current craft beer movement. In 1976, optical engineer and homebrewer Jack McAuliffe founded New Albion Brewing Company in Sonoma County, California, becoming the nation's first microbrewery since Prohibition. Influenced by Fritz Maytag's recent turnaround of the Anchor Brewing Company and an earlier military stationing

"Joseph Owades"
Joseph Owades Joseph Lawrence Owades (July 9, 1919 – December 16, 2005) was an American biochemist and brewer of light and industrially produced beer. He adjusted analytical techniques and quality control, developing the first light beer and the process for making it, creating many new, unique, and successful specialty beers. He is regarded as the father of light beer. Owades was born in Manhattan, the son of Jewish parents, and raised in the Bronx. His father, Shmuel, was a dressmaker. In 1939 he graduated from City College of New York (undergraduate), followed by Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (Master’s and PhD in

"Schaefer Beer"
Schaefer Beer Schaefer Beer is a brand of American beer first produced in New York City during 1842 by the F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company. The company relocated to Brooklyn in the early 20th century. It went public in 1968 with a $106 million stock offering. In order to expand capacity for regional sales and fend off competition from national brands Schaefer began construction of a large modern brewery in Fogelsville, Pennsylvania that same year. Known as the Lehigh Valley Plant it opened in 1972. In 1974 it was expanded from its original 1,100,000 barrels-per-year capacity to 2,500,000 and

Umbrella
a collapsible umbrella dates to the year 21 AD, when Wang Mang (r. 9–23) had one designed for a ceremonial four-wheeled carriage. The 2nd-century commentator Fu Qian added that this collapsible umbrella of Wang Mang's carriage had bendable joints which enabled them to be extended or retracted. A 1st century collapsible umbrella has since been recovered from the tomb of Wang Guang at Lelang Commandery in the Korean Peninsula, illustrated in a work by Harada and Komai. However, the Chinese collapsible umbrella is perhaps a concept that is yet centuries older than Wang's tomb. Zhou Dynasty bronze castings of complex

Umbrella
bronze socketed hinges with locking slides and bolts—which could have been used for parasols and umbrellas—were found in an archeological site of Luoyang, dated to the 6th century BC. An even older source on the umbrella is perhaps the ancient book of Chinese ceremonies, called ""Zhou Li"" (""The Rites of Zhou""), dating 2,400 years ago, which directs that the dais should be placed upon the imperial cars. The figure of this dais contained in ""Zhou-Li"", and the description of it given in the explanatory commentary of Lin-hi-ye, both identify it with an umbrella. The latter describes the dais to be

Umbrella
composed of 28 arcs, which are equivalent to the ribs of the modern instrument, and the staff supporting the covering to consist of two parts, the upper being a rod 3/18 of a Chinese foot in circumference, and the lower a tube 6/10 in circumference, into which the upper half is capable of sliding and closing. The Chinese character for umbrella is 傘 (""sǎn"") and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs (the branching out parts of an umbrella). Others assert

Guandao
elephant guandao, or featuring a more ornate design as exemplified by the dragon head guandao. However, apart from the ""elephant guandao"" none of these variations seem to have historical ground. According to legend, the guandao was invented by the famous general Guan Yu during the early 3rd century AD, hence the name. It is said that he specified its form and size to be made by a smithy, and was uniquely able to wield such an imposing weapon due to his large stature and legendary strength. Guan Yu's guandao was called ""Green Dragon Crescent Blade"" (青龍偃月刀, Qīnglóng yǎnyuèdāo) which weighed

Umbrella
that the idea was probably derived from the tent, which remains in an unaltered form to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high-ranking (though not necessarily royalty) in China. On at least one occasion, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the Emperor when he went out hunting. The umbrella served in this case as a defense against rain rather than sun. The Chinese design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introduced to Persia

Fenghuang
a mandarin duck, the tail of a peacock, the legs of a crane, the mouth of a parrot, and the wings of a swallow. The fenghuang's body symbolizes the celestial bodies: the head is the sky, the eyes are the sun, the back is the moon, the wings are the wind, the feet are the earth, and the tail is the planets. The fenghuang is said to have originated in the sun. Its body contains the five fundamental colors: black, white, red, yellow, and green. It sometimes carries scrolls or a box with sacred books. It is sometimes depicted with

"Chinese zodiac"
was the flying Dragon. The Jade Emperor was wondering why such a swift airborne creature such as the Dragon failed to come in first. The Dragon explained that it had to stop by a village and brought rain for all the people, and therefore it was held back. Then, on its way to the finish, it saw the helpless Rabbit clinging onto a log, so it did a good deed and gave a puff of breath to the poor creature so that it could land on the shore. The Jade Emperor was astonished of the Dragon's good nature, and it

"Shaku (ritual baton)"
ceremonial jade scepter ""gui"" 圭), nobles used ivory, and court officials used bamboo. Japanese ""shaku"" is usually made of woods like Japanese yew, holly, cherry, sakaki or Japanese cedar. It also became a religious instrument in Taoism and Shintoism. The Buddhist god King Yama, judge of the underworld, is often depicted bearing the ""hu."" The ""hu"" or ""shaku"" is often seen in portraits of Chinese Mandarins, Japanese ""shōguns"", emperors and noblemen, but is now used mostly by Taoist priests and Shinto priests (the ""kannushi""). The use of the ""hu"" as a ritual baton originated in ancient China, where the ""Classic

"Dui (vessel)"
throughout ancient China such as cats, snakes, dragons or birds. Much of the designs are in-laid with metal, though few complete renditions still exist. From the specimen found from the Warring States period, proof of copper in-lay can be found in swirling spherical patterns that accentuate the shape of the ""Dui"". Incised geometric patterning along with cat-like outlines emanate from the container. Types coming out of the Late Eastern Zhou are spherical in form and possess three animal masks in relief; the heads are situated symmetrically around the lid, mirroring the three Ding-like feet supporting the base. Simple linear patterning

"Nine Tripod Cauldrons"
Nine Tripod Cauldrons The Nine Tripod Cauldrons () were a collection of ding cast by the legendary Yu the Great of the Xia dynasty of ancient China. They were viewed as symbols of the authority given to the ruler by the mandate of heaven. At the time of the Shang Dynasty during the 2nd millennium , the tripod cauldrons came to symbolize the power and authority of the ruling dynasty with strict regulations imposed as to their use. Members of the scholarly gentry class were permitted to use one or three cauldrons; the ministers of state (, ""dàfū"") five; the

"While My Guitar Gently Weeps"
While My Guitar Gently Weeps ""While My Guitar Gently Weeps"" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album ""The Beatles"" (also known as ""the White Album""). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed

after this initial writing session. The song reflects the disharmonious atmosphere within the Beatles following their return from India. Harrison had led the band in their highly publicised endorsement of Transcendental Meditation and viewed this spiritual pursuit as superior in importance to their career momentum. When discussing another song he wrote at this time, ""Not Guilty"", Harrison said it referred to ""the grief I was catching"" from John Lennon and Paul McCartney for leading them to Rishikesh and supposedly hindering the group's career and the launch of their Apple record label. Eric Clapton, with whom Harrison collaborated on several recordings

song. On 6 September, during a ride from Surrey into London, Harrison asked Clapton to play guitar on the track. Clapton, who recognised Harrison's talent as a songwriter, and considered that his abilities had long been held back by Lennon and McCartney, was nevertheless reluctant to participate; he later recalled that his initial response was: ""I can't do that. Nobody ever plays on Beatles records."" Harrison convinced him, and Clapton's lead guitar part, played on Harrison's Gibson Les Paul electric guitar ""Lucy"" (a recent gift from Clapton), was overdubbed that evening. Recalling the session in his 2007 autobiography, Clapton says

1971 and ""Live in Japan"" in 1992. Backed by a band that included McCartney and Ringo Starr, Clapton performed the song at the Concert for George in November 2002, a year after Harrison's death. George Harrison wrote ""While My Guitar Gently Weeps"" after his return from India, where the Beatles had been studying Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi during the spring of 1968. The visit had allowed Harrison to re-engage with the guitar as his primary instrument, after focusing on the Indian sitar for the previous two years, and also marked the start of a prolific period for him

of the song on his 2003 album ""Now"". In 2004, when Harrison was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, ""While My Guitar Gently Weeps"" was played in tribute by a large band that included Tom Petty, Lynne, Steve Winwood, Mann, Dhani Harrison and Steve Ferrone. The performance concluded with an extended guitar solo by Prince, who was also being inducted into the Hall of Fame. Among other cover versions, the song has also been recorded by guitarists such as Marc Ribot, Phish and Charlie Byrd, and on ukulele by Jake Shimabukuro. Toto

of his new romantic partner, Yoko Ono. In this atmosphere, Harrison had initially been reluctant to present his new compositions to the group. Take 1 on 25 July – the version later issued on ""Anthology 3"" – was a solo performance by Harrison, playing his Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar, with an overdubbed harmonium part. Sessions on 16 August and 5 September produced full band recordings of the song. In the case of the 16 August version, an overdubbing session on 3 September marked the first time that the Beatles had used eight-track recording at EMI Studios. At the same session,

Beatles compositions from early 1968 that changed markedly from demo form to the official recording. Harrison's demos suggest the influence of folk music, yet the Beatles' version is in the heavy rock style typical of much of the band's late 1960s work. While noting the importance of Harrison's return to the guitar during this period, Gould describes the song as ""virtually a declaration of his recommitment to rock"". The song as originally issued by the Beatles is in the key of A minor, changing to A major over the bridges. Aside from the intro, the composition is structured into two

""monumental"" track. As particularly notable features, Everett highlights the increasing lengths of thrice-heard first scale degrees (0:17–0:19), the restraint shown by rests in many bars then unexpected appearances (as at 0:28–0:29), commanding turnaround phrases (0:31–0:33), expressive string bends marking modal changes from C to C (0:47–0:53), power retransition (1:21–1:24), emotive vibrato (2:01–2:07), and a solo (1:55–2:31) with a ""measured rise in intensity, rhythmic activity, tonal drive and registral climb"". In October 1968, Harrison reciprocated by co-writing ""Badge"" with Clapton and playing on Cream's recording of the track. Released on Cream's final album, ""Goodbye"", ""Badge"" reflected Harrison's pop sensibilities and helped

included on Harrison's 1992 double album ""Live in Japan"". Harrison also featured the song in the set list for his only other tour as a solo artist, a series of North American concerts over November–December 1974 with Ravi Shankar. Harrison shared the lead guitarist's role with Robben Ford, often extending the piece to eight minutes. While it was a popular inclusion in a set list that barely acknowledged Harrison's past as a former Beatle, his alteration of some of the lyrics – so that his guitar ""gently smiles"" and ""tries to smile"" – disappointed many concert-goers and reviewers. Author Simon

"The Heart Gently Weeps"
The Heart Gently Weeps ""The Heart Gently Weeps"" is the first single from the 2007 album ""8 Diagrams"" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song features a sample of The Beatles' song ""While My Guitar Gently Weeps"". It features guest appearances from three other musicians: R&B singer Erykah Badu sings the song's chorus; Dhani Harrison, son of Beatles member George Harrison, plays acoustic guitar; and John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers is featured on lead guitar. This song was made using a cover version of the George Harrison song played by the blues guitarist Jimmy Ponder. Out of respect

"Feel It Still"
Feel It Still ""Feel It Still"" is a song by American rock band Portugal. The Man. The song, which has interpolations from The Marvelettes' 1961 hit ""Please Mr. Postman"", was written by the band along with John Hill and Asa Taccone, with the latter two serving as producers. It serves as the second single and first radio single off their eighth studio album ""Woodstock"". The song reached number one on the US Alternative Songs, Mexican and Russian Tophit airplay chart, and became their first entry on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, reaching number four as of October 2017. It was

used in a TV commercial for the Apple iPad Pro. In September of 2018, the song was used in a TV commercial for El Corte Inglés, both in Spain and in Portugal. ! scope=""row""| Portugal (AFP) Feel It Still ""Feel It Still"" is a song by American rock band Portugal. The Man. The song, which has interpolations from The Marvelettes' 1961 hit ""Please Mr. Postman"", was written by the band along with John Hill and Asa Taccone, with the latter two serving as producers. It serves as the second single and first radio single off their eighth studio album ""Woodstock"".

"Still (Tim McGraw song)"
Still (Tim McGraw song) ""Still"" is a song written by Lee Brice, Kyle Jacobs and Joe Leathers, and recorded and co-produced by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in February 2010 as the third single from his tenth studio album, ""Southern Voice"". ""Still"" is a moderate up-tempo country song, backed primarily by electric guitar. The song's male narrator describes remembering his favorite place to be in his past, and reminding himself that he can ""just be still"" in order to reach it. The song was met with positive reception. ""Los Angeles Times"" critic Randy Lewis said that

"Sitting Still"
Sitting Still ""Sitting Still"" is a song by R.E.M. that was issued on their first single in 1981 and on their 1983 debut album ""Murmur"". ""Sitting Still"" was one of the first songs written by R.E.M., in late 1980, along with ""Radio Free Europe"" and ""Shaking Through."" Hib-Tone founder Jonny Hibbert agreed to release ""Radio Free Europe"" and ""Sitting Still"" as a single on his label in exchange for the publishing rights. The song was initially recorded on April 15, 1981 and some of Michael Stipe's vocals were re-recorded in May. The single was released on July 8, 1981. The

"Still Feels Good"
""Every Day"", reached number 2. ""Bob That Head"", the fourth single, was also the first group's first single to miss the Top 10 afterpeaking at number 15. ""Here"" followed in September 2008 and became their ninth number one hit in January 2009. In August 2008, veteran New York, New York songwriter D.L. Byron sued Rascal Flatts, their producers, and the Disney Music Group for copyright infringement, arguing that ""No Reins"" took from his song ""Shadows of the Night"", written for Pat Benatar in 1982. Byron told ""The New York Post"" that ""[i]t's just too much, too strikingly similar... They'd have

"And Still"
of a subtitle during that scene.) Then-""Guiding Light"" actors Mark Derwin and Beth Ehlers appear in the video. And Still ""And Still"" is a song written by Liz Hengber and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire. It was released in May 1995 as the fifth and final single from her album ""Read My Mind"". The song reached #2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 1995. The song debuted at #58 on the Hot Country Singles chart for the week of May 27, 1995 and peaked at #2 for the

And Still ""And Still"" is a song written by Liz Hengber and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire. It was released in May 1995 as the fifth and final single from her album ""Read My Mind"". The song reached #2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 1995. The song debuted at #58 on the Hot Country Singles chart for the week of May 27, 1995 and peaked at #2 for the week of August 5, 1995. The video for the song was released in July 1995, and was Reba's

also featured in advertisements for the Apple iPad Pro, Vitamin Water, YouTube TV, Graton Resort & Casino, Haven Holidays and in a BBC TV trailer for Radio 2 and the first and second trailers for the 2018 film ""Peter Rabbit"". The track reached the top 10 in 18 countries including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. In January 2018, the song won the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. The music video was released on March 6, 2017. An interactive version was

"Hold On (Yes song)"
Hold On (Yes song) ""Hold On"" is a song by the progressive rock band Yes, from their 1983 album, ""90125"". It reached number 27 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart in 1985. The core of ""Hold On"" was written by Yes guitarist Trevor Rabin, prior to his joining the band, as two separate songs: ""Hold On"" and ""Moving In"". Once Rabin joined the band, the two songs were combined, with band members Chris Squire and Jon Anderson contributing additional music and lyrics. All three are credited as writers. Unlike the other songs on ""90125"", which are credited as ""Produced by

"Still of the Night (song)"
Still of the Night (song) ""Still of the Night"" is a song by the English band Whitesnake. It was released as the first single from their self titled 1987 album. It reached #16 in the U.K., #18 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks and #79 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 when it was released on 9 March 1987. In 2009, the track was named the 27th best hard rock song of all time by VH1. The song was written by lead singer David Coverdale and guitarist John Sykes, and proved to be one of the band's most popular songs. It

what is the name of the protease which is released in the stomach

Trypsin
Trypsin Trypsin () is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins. Trypsin is formed in the small intestine when its proenzyme form, the trypsinogen produced by the pancreas, is activated. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological processes. The process is commonly referred to as trypsin proteolysis or trypsinisation, and proteins that have been digested/treated with trypsin are said to have been trypsinized. Trypsin was

Protease
in the Indian subcontinent. It is also used to make Paneer. Plant genomes encode hundreds of proteases, largely of unknown function. Those with known function are largely involved in developmental regulation. Plant proteases also play a role in regulation of photosynthesis. Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Acid proteases secreted into the stomach (such as pepsin) and serine proteases present in duodenum (trypsin and chymotrypsin) enable us to digest the protein in food. Proteases present in blood serum (thrombin, plasmin, Hageman factor, etc.) play important role in blood-clotting, as well as lysis of the clots, and

Trypsin
inhibitors nearly irreversibly. In contrast with nearly all known protein assemblies, some complexes of trypsin bound by its inhibitors do not readily dissociate after treatment with 8M urea. Trypsin Trypsin () is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins. Trypsin is formed in the small intestine when its proenzyme form, the trypsinogen produced by the pancreas, is activated. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological

Protease
Protease A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Proteases have evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms. Proteases can be found in Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea and viruses. Proteases can be classified into seven broad groups: Proteases were first grouped into 84 families according to their evolutionary relationship in 1993, and classified under four catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metallo proteases. The threonine and glutamic-acid proteases were not described until 1995 and 2004

C-peptide
C-peptide The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In diabetes and other diseases a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between certain diseases with similar clinical features. In the insulin synthesis pathway, first preproinsulin is translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells of the pancreas with an A-chain, a C-peptide, a B-chain, and a signal sequence. The signal sequence is cleaved from the N-terminus of the peptide by a signal peptidase, leaving proinsulin. After proinsulin is packaged into vesicles in

Protease
the protease inhibitors they contain have been denatured. Protease A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Proteases have evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms. Proteases can be found in Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea and viruses. Proteases can be classified into seven broad groups: Proteases were first grouped into 84 families according to their evolutionary relationship in 1993, and classified under four catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metallo proteases. The threonine and glutamic-acid

Protease
response to a physiological signal. Bacteria secrete proteases to hydrolyse the peptide bonds in proteins and therefore break the proteins down into their constituent amino acids. Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated by nutritional signals in these organisms. The net impact of nutritional regulation of protease activity among the thousands of species present in soil can be observed at the overall microbial community level as proteins are broken down in response to carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation. Bacteria contain proteases

"Serine protease"
activation energy of the reaction. This ""preferential binding"" is responsible for much of the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Host organisms must ensure that the activity of serine proteases is adequately regulated. This is achieved by a requirement for initial protease activation, and the secretion of inhibitors. Zymogens are the usually inactive precursors of an enzyme. If the digestive enzymes were active when synthesized, they would immediately start chewing up the synthesizing organs and tissues. Acute pancreatitis is such a condition, in which there is premature activation of the digestive enzymes in the pancreas, resulting in self-digestion (autolysis). It also

Fungivore
fungus, possibly consisting of degraded cell wall material. ""G. acuta"" then feeds through the hole in the cell wall for, on average, 10 minutes, before detaching itself and moving away. The precise mechanism of feeding is not known, but it conceivably involves enzymes including acid phosphatases, cellulases and chitinases. Microtubules are visible in the feeding tube, as are possible reserves of cell membrane, which may be used to form food vacuoles filled with the cytoplasm of the fungus, via endocytosis, which are then transported back into ""G. acuta"". The holes made by ""G. acuta"" bear some similarities to those made

Fungivore
recorded to eat mushrooms, with the stomachs of Siberian jays containing mostly fungi in the early winter. The ascomycete, ""Phaeangium lefebvrei"" found in north Africa and the Middle East is eaten by migrating birds in winter and early spring, mainly be species of lark (Alaudidae). Bedouin hunters have been reported to use ""P. lefebvrei"" as bait in traps to attract birds. Fungi are known to form an important part of the diet of the southern cassowary (""Casuarius casuarius"") of Australia. Bracket fungi have been found in their droppings throughout the year, and Simpson in the ""Australasian Mycological Newsletter"" suggested it

Fungiculture
filled holes with hot wax. After inoculation, the logs are placed under the closed canopy of a coniferous stand and are left to incubate for 12 to 15 months. Once incubation is complete, the logs are soaked in water for 24 hours. 7 to 10 days after soaking, shiitake mushrooms will begin to fruit and can be harvested once fully ripe. Indoor growing provides the ability to tightly regulate light, temperature and humidity while excluding contaminants and pests. This allows consistent production, regulated by spawning cycles. This is typically accomplished in windowless, purpose-built buildings, for large scale commercial production. Indoor

Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ""mýkēs"", ""fungus"", and ῥίζα ""rhiza"", ""root""; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungi in the plants' rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in soil biology and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is generally mutualistic, but in particular species or in particular circumstances,

Fungivore
fungus in the genus ""Termitomyces"". The fungus is kept in a specialised part of the nest in fungus cones. Worker termites eat plant matter, producing faecal pellets which they continuously place on top of the cone. The fungus grows into this material and soon produces immature mushrooms, a rich source of protein, sugars and enzymes, which the worker termites eat. The nodules also contain indigestible asexual spores, meaning that the faecal pellets produced by the workers always contain spores of the fungus that colonise the plant material that they defaecate. The ""Termitomyces"" also fruits, forming mushrooms above ground, which mature

Fungivore
at the same time that the first workers emerge from newly formed nests. The mushrooms produce spores that are wind dispersed, and through this method, new colonies acquire a fungal strain. In some species, the genetic variation of the fungus is very low, suggesting that spores of the fungus are transmitted vertically from nest to nest, rather than from wind dispersed spores. Around 220 described species, and more undescribed species of ants in the tribe Attini cultivate fungi. They are only found in the New World and are thought to have evolved in the Amazon Rainforest, where they are most

Fungivore
by amoeba, but unlike amoeba ""G. acuta"" never engulfs the fungus. Around 90% of land plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, where fungi gain sugars from plants and plants gain nutrients from the soil via the fungi. Some species of plant have evolved to manipulate this symbiosis, so that they no longer give fungi sugars that they produce and instead gain sugars from the fungi, a process called myco-heterotrophy. Some plants are only dependent on fungi as a source of sugars during the early stages of their development, these include most of the orchids as well as many ferns

Fungus
Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and in many food webs. As decomposers, they play an essential role in nutrient cycling, especially as saprotrophs and symbionts, degrading organic matter to inorganic molecules, which can then re-enter anabolic metabolic pathways in plants or other organisms. Many fungi have important symbiotic relationships with organisms from most if not all Kingdoms. These interactions can be mutualistic or

Fungivore
Fungivore Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores. Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed exclusively on fungi; most are opportunistic feeders and fungi only make up part of their diet. At least 22 species of primate, including humans, bonobos, colobines, gorillas, lemurs, macaques, mangabeys, marmosets and vervet

Fungiculture Fungiculture is the process of producing food, medicine, and other products by the cultivation of mushrooms and other fungi. A ""mushroom farm"" is in the business of growing fungi. The word is also commonly used to refer to the practice of cultivating fungi by leafcutter ants, termites, ambrosia beetles, and marsh periwinkles. Mushrooms are not plants, and require different conditions for optimal growth. Plants develop through photosynthesis, a process that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, especially cellulose. While sunlight provides an energy source for plants, mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

"Wind power in the United States"
Wind power in the United States Wind power in the United States is a branch of the energy industry that has expanded quickly over the latest several years. For the twelve months through November 2017, 254.2 terawatt-hours were generated by wind power, or 6.33% of all generated electrical energy. As of January 2017, the total installed wind power nameplate generating capacity in the United States was 82,183 megawatts (MW). This capacity is exceeded only by China and the European Union. Thus far, wind power's largest growth in capacity was in 2012, when 11,895 MW of wind power was installed, representing

the Clean Power Plan and PTC extensions. After the current PTC phase-out in 2021, additional wind power capacity is expected to be around 5 GW per year. In 2015, electric power generation from wind power was 10 percent or more in twelve U.S. states: Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Dakota, Vermont, and Texas. Iowa, South Dakota, and Kansas each had more than 20 percent of their electric power generation come from wind. Twenty states now have more than five percent of their generation coming from wind. The five states with the most wind

comply with all regulatory obligations contained in the Federally approved State coastal management plan, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, to keep in check their effect on coastal resources. Wind power in the United States Wind power in the United States is a branch of the energy industry that has expanded quickly over the latest several years. For the twelve months through November 2017, 254.2 terawatt-hours were generated by wind power, or 6.33% of all generated electrical energy. As of January 2017, the total installed wind power nameplate generating capacity in the United States was 82,183 megawatts (MW).

capacity installed at the start of 2017 were: Fourteen states now have 10 percent or more of their generation coming from wind power. Most of these are in the central plains. These states include North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, Maine, Vermont, Oregon, and Idaho. The top five states according to percentage of generation by wind in 2016 were: In 2016 Texas surpassed the 20,000 MW mark by adding over 1800 MW of generating capacity. In 2011, Texas had become the first state to surpass the 10,000 MW mark. In July 2008, Texas

U.S. electric power, which included a contribution of 4% to the nation’s total electric power from offshore wind power. In order to achieve this, however, significant advances in cost, performance and reliability are needed, based on a 2011 report from a coalition of researchers from universities, industry, and government, supported by the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. Obtaining 20% from wind requires about 305 GW of wind turbines, an increase of 16 GW/year after 2018, or an average increase of 14.6%/year, and transmission line improvements. Analysts estimate around 25 GW of added US wind power in 2016-18, depending on

(PW·h) annually, an amount nine times larger than current total U.S. electricity consumption. The U.S. also has large wind resources in Alaska, and Hawaii. In addition to the large onshore wind resources, the U.S. has large offshore wind power potential, with another NREL report released in September 2010 showing that the U.S. has 4,150 GW of potential offshore wind power nameplate capacity, an amount 4 times that of the country's 2008 installed capacity from all sources, of 1,010 GW. The U.S. Department of Energy’s 2008 report ""20% Wind Energy by 2030"" envisioned that wind power could supply 20% of all

installed capacity in the U.S. increased by 50% over the prior year. The world average growth rate that year was 28.8%. By 2014, the wind industry in the USA was able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations. This opened up new opportunities and in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, the price of power from wind turbines built 300 feet to 400 feet above the ground competed with conventional fossil fuels like coal. Prices had fallen to about 4 cents per kilowatt-hour in some cases and

Society of the United States. More than 30,000 wind turbine locations are within federally protected bird habitats, out of which almost 24,000 lie in the migratory corridor of the whooping crane and almost 3000 in the breeding grounds of the endangered Greater Sage- Grouse. According to Dr. Michael Hutchins, the director of the American Bird Conservancy's Bird Smart Wind Energy Campaign, wind turbines present a threat to the nation's birds, and that the present permitting process is ineffective in addressing the issue. Concern about the bird deaths prompted the American Bird Conservancy and 70 other conservation organisations, to lobby the

26.5% of new power capacity. In 2016, Nebraska became the eighteenth state to have installed over 1,000 MW of wind power capacity. Texas, with over 22,000 MW of capacity, about 15% of the state's electricity usage, had the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state at the end of 2018. Texas also had more under construction than any other state currently has installed. The state generating the highest percentage of energy from wind power is Iowa, while North Dakota has the most per capita wind generation. The Alta Wind Energy Center in California is the largest wind farm

interconnection of wind turbines; manufacturing advances in design, process automation, and fabrication techniques; and workforce development. In 2014, GE had 60%, Siemens had 26%, and Vestas had 12% of US market share. Combined, they had 98%. Most new turbines were designed for low wind. The turbine manufacturers compete with each other and cause decreasing turbine prices. The DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has announced a number of wind technology projects, including a new state-of-the-art wind turbine blade test facility to be built in Ingleside, Texas. The Texas-NREL Large Blade Research and Test Facility will be capable of testing blades

Silver
Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin """", derived from the Proto-Indo-European ""h₂erǵ"": ""shiny"" or ""white"") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form (""native silver""), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver

Silver
of any metal. Silver readily forms alloys with copper and gold, as well as zinc. Zinc-silver alloys with low zinc concentration may be considered as face-centred cubic solid solutions of zinc in silver, as the structure of the silver is largely unchanged while the electron concentration rises as more zinc is added. Increasing the electron concentration further leads to body-centred cubic (electron concentration 1.5), complex cubic (1.615), and hexagonal close-packed phases (1.75). Naturally occurring silver is composed of two stable isotopes, Ag and Ag, with Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). This almost equal abundance is rare in

"Isotopes of silver"
Ag (""t"" 249.79 days) and Ag (""t"" 8.28 days). Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 92.950 u (Ag) to 129.950 u (Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes. The palladium isotope Pd decays by beta emission to Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations

Silver
boron and carbon) have very complex Ag–M phase diagrams and form the most commercially important alloys; and the remaining elements on the periodic table have no consistency in their Ag–M phase diagrams. By far the most important such alloys are those with copper: most silver used for coinage and jewellery is in reality a silver–copper alloy, and the eutectic mixture is used in vacuum brazing. The two metals are completely miscible as liquids but not as solids; their importance in industry comes from the fact that their properties tend to be suitable over a wide range of variation in silver

Silver
on heating, force, drying, illumination, or sometimes spontaneously. To avoid the formation of such compounds, ammonia and acetylene should be kept away from silver equipment. Salts of silver with strongly oxidising acids such as silver chlorate and silver nitrate can explode on contact with materials that can be readily oxidised, such as organic compounds, sulfur and soot. Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin """", derived from the Proto-Indo-European ""h₂erǵ"": ""shiny"" or ""white"") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any

Silver
days) and Ag (""t"" = 8.28 days). All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives of less than three minutes. Isotopes of silver range in relative atomic mass from 92.950 u (Ag) to 129.950 u (Ag); the primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes, and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes. The palladium isotope Pd decays by beta emission to

"Nickel silver"
Nickel silver Nickel silver, Maillechort, German silver, Argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, alpacca, is a copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver is named due to its silvery appearance, but it contains no elemental silver unless plated. The name ""German silver"" refers to its development by 19th-century German metalworkers from the Chinese alloy known as paktong (白銅) (cupronickel). All modern, commercially important nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain significant amounts of zinc, and are sometimes considered a subset of brass. Nickel silver

Silver
1.93 is higher than that of lead (1.87), and its electron affinity of 125.6 kJ/mol is much higher than that of hydrogen (72.8 kJ/mol) and not much less than that of oxygen (141.0 kJ/mol). Due to its full d-subshell, silver in its main +1 oxidation state exhibits relatively few properties of the transition metals proper from groups 4 to 10, forming rather unstable organometallic compounds, forming linear complexes showing very low coordination numbers like 2, and forming an amphoteric oxide as well as Zintl phases like the post-transition metals. Unlike the preceding transition metals, the +1 oxidation state of silver

"Group 11 element"
Group 11 element Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Roentgenium (Rg) is also placed in this group in the periodic table, although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that it behaves like the heavier homologue to gold. Group 11 is also known as the ""coinage metals"", due to their former usage. They were most likely the first three elements discovered. Copper, silver, and gold all occur naturally in elemental form. All the elements of the group except

Silver
the periodic table) is useful in nuclear reactors because of its high thermal neutron capture cross-section, good conduction of heat, mechanical stability, and resistance to corrosion in hot water. The word ""silver"" appears in Anglo-Saxon in various spellings, such as ""seolfor"" and ""siolfor"". A similar form is seen throughout the Germanic languages (compare Old High German ""silabar"" and ""silbir""). The chemical symbol Ag is from the Latin word for ""silver"", ""argentum"" (compare Ancient Greek ἄργυρος, ""árgyros""), from the Proto-Indo-European root *""h₂erǵ-"" (formerly reconstructed as ""*arǵ-""), meaning ""white"" or ""shining"": this was the usual Proto-Indo-European word for the metal, whose reflexes

hiatus from 1907 to 1916, have been members since. Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 38 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, each of whom has been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame either as a player or as a coach. Fielding H. Yost became Michigan's head coach in

to a NIT championship victory over Notre Dame. The 1984–85 team went 26–4 overall (16–2, Big Ten), which earned Frieder Big Ten and AP National Coach of the Year honors. The 1985–86 team, which finished 28–5 overall (14–4, Big Ten), started the season with sixteen victories to make a total of thirty-three consecutive regular season victories. Frieder earned five of Michigan's six consecutive NCAA births from 1985–90, currently the longest streak in program history. Roy Tarpley led the 1985 team as Big Ten MVP. Frieder resigned, upon request, immediately prior to the 1989 NCAA tournament to assume the coaching job

"Filmfare Award for Best Actor"
Filmfare Award for Best Actor The Filmfare Award for Best Actor is an award, begun in 1954, presented annually at the Filmfare Awards to an actor for the best performance in a leading role in Hindi cinema. This is given by ""Filmfare"" as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi (Bollywood) films. The award was first given in 1954. As of 2018, Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan lead the list, with eight wins each. Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan, with eight wins, have more Best Actor awards than any other actor. Amitabh Bachchan has five wins, Hrithik

in 2011 and 2013 for his role as Chulbul Pandey in ""Dabangg"" and ""Dabangg 2"" respectively. Multiple nominees Filmfare Award for Best Actor The Filmfare Award for Best Actor is an award, begun in 1954, presented annually at the Filmfare Awards to an actor for the best performance in a leading role in Hindi cinema. This is given by ""Filmfare"" as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi (Bollywood) films. The award was first given in 1954. As of 2018, Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan lead the list, with eight wins each. Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan,

"National Film Award for Best Actor"
Tamil (seven awards), Bengali (five awards), Marathi (three awards), Kannada (three awards) and English (two awards). The first recipient was Uttam Kumar from Bengali cinema, who was honoured at the 15th National Film Awards in 1968 for his performances in ""Anthony Firingee"" and ""Chiriyakhana"". As of 2017, Amitabh Bachchan is the most honoured actor with four awards followed by Kamal Haasan and Mammootty with three awards, while six actors—Sanjeev Kumar, Mithun Chakraborty, Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, Mohanlal, and Ajay Devgn—have won the award two times. Two actors have achieved the honour for performing in two languagesMithun Chakraborty (Hindi and Bengali)

1983 having total 15 nominations and winning the award twice in 1978 and 1979. Dilip Kumar achieved supremacy in 1950s with four wins and continued domination in 1960s with three wins. Rajesh Khanna took over in the 1970s with three wins. Naseeruddin Shah emerged successful in the 1980s with three wins. Shah Rukh Khan garnered triumph with four wins in the 1990s. Hrithik Roshan had four wins in 2000s. Ranbir Kapoor are leading the 2010s with two wins to their credit. Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan hold the record for the highest number of ""Best Actor"" nominations in a

was renamed as the ""Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor"". Throughout the past 45 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 52 ""Best Actor"" awards to 40 actors. Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a ""Rajat Kamal"" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize. Although the Indian film industry produces films in around 20 languages and dialects, the actors whose performances have won awards have worked in seven major languages: Hindi (twenty-two awards), Malayalam (thirteen awards),

"Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor"
nomination for a performance. The record of the maximum number of wins in this category is with Amitabh Bachchan having won the award 3 times (2002, 2006 & 2016) and Manoj Bajpayee (1999, 2000 & 2017), followed by three actors (in chronological order): Shahrukh Khan (1994 & 2001), Ranbir Kapoor (2010 & 2012) and Rajkummar Rao (2014 & 2018). There has been only tie in the history between Shahid Kapoor and Manoj Bajpai for Udta Punjab and Aligarh respectively (2017). Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor The Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor is given by ""Filmfare"" as part of

"The Greatest Indian"
made the maximum contribution and impact in the surge of independent India"". A list of 100 names was presented to and compiled by a 28-member jury composed of actors, writers, sportspersons, entrepreneurs, and men and women of distinction in their fields. This jury included N. Ram (former Editor-In-Chief of ""The Hindu""), Vinod Mehta (Editor-in-Chief of ""Outlook""), Soli Sorabjee (Former Attorney General of India), Sharmila Tagore (Bollywood actress and former Chairperson of the Censor Board of India), Harsha Bhogle (sports), Chetan Bhagat (author), Ramachandra Guha (historian), Shashi Tharoor (politician and author), Nandan Nilekani, Rajkumar Hirani, Shabana Azmi and Arun Jaitley. They

"Dilip Kumar"
acting."" Some of the talent identified by him who later on became big stars of their own include: Dilip Kumar is widely considered one of the greatest actors in the history of Hindi cinema. He holds the Guinness World Record for winning the maximum number of awards by an Indian actor. He has received many awards throughout his career, including 10 Filmfare Awards for Best Actor and One Lifetime Achievement for Filmfare Also for Special Recognition FilmFare Award for recognising him as one first recipients to receive a Filmfare Award along with the nightingale of India Lata Mangeshkar and one

and Mammootty (Malayalam and English). The most recent recipient is Riddhi Sen, who was honoured at the 65th National Film Awards for his performance in the Bengali film ""Nagarkirtan"".Riddhi Sen is the youngest reciepient of this prestigious award.He won it at the age of 19. National Film Award for Best Actor The National Film Award for Best Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor (), is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India instituted since 1967 to actors who have delivered the best performance in a leading role within the Indian

poll were Ravi Shankar (92), M. S. Swaminathan (87) and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (88), while Sachin Tendulkar (39) was the youngest. Babasaheb Ambedkar was generally approved of as the greatest Indian, with several prominent scholars writing articles congratulating him, including Ramachandra Guha and S. Anand. The Greatest Indian The Greatest Indian was a poll sponsored by Reliance Mobile and conducted by ""Outlook"" magazine, in partnership with CNN-IBN and The History Channel. The poll was conducted from June to August 2012, with the winner, Babasaheb B. R. Ambedkar, announced on 11 August. A program associated with the poll aired from 4

blood alcohol concentration means the parts of alcohol in the blood in relation to what

as retrograde extrapolation—guessing based upon averages and unknown variables—this can be relevant in estimating BAC when driving and/or corroborating or contradicting the results of a later chemical test. There have been reported cases of blood alcohol content higher than 1%: Blood alcohol content Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration, blood ethanol concentration, or blood alcohol level, is most commonly used as a metric of alcohol intoxication for legal or medical purposes. Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass

defines a drink as 10 g of ethanol. Standard drink sizes (Australia) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) define the term ""binge drinking"" as a pattern of drinking that brings a person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 grams percent or above. This typically happens when men consume 5 or more drinks, and when women consume 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. There are several different units in use around the world for defining blood alcohol concentration. Each is defined as either a mass of alcohol per volume of blood or a mass of alcohol

breath. However, the actual ratio in any given individual can vary from 1300:1 to 3100:1, or even more widely. This ratio varies not only from person to person, but within one person from moment to moment. Thus a person with a true blood alcohol level of .08% but a partition ratio of 1700:1 at the time of testing would have a .10 reading on a Breathalyzer calibrated for the average 2100:1 ratio. Alcohol is absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but more slowly in the stomach than in the small or large intestine. For this reason, alcohol consumed with food is

slightly higher than zero to account for false positives and naturally occurring alcohol in the body. Some of the following jurisdictions have a general prohibition of alcohol. In certain countries, alcohol limits are determined by the breath alcohol content (BrAC), not to be confused with blood alcohol content (BAC). Blood alcohol tests assume the individual being tested is average in various ways. For example, on average the ratio of blood alcohol content to breath alcohol content (the ""partition ratio"") is 2100 to 1. In other words, there are 2100 parts of alcohol in the blood for every part in the

per mass of blood (never a volume per volume). 1 milliliter of blood has a mass of approximately 1.06 grams. Because of this, units by volume are similar but not identical to units by mass. In the U.S. the concentration unit 1% w/v (percent mass/volume, equivalent to 10 g/l or 1 g per 100 ml) is in use. This is not to be confused with the amount of alcohol measured on the breath, as with a breathalyzer. The amount of alcohol measured on the breath is generally accepted as proportional to the amount of alcohol present in the blood at

absorbed more slowly, because it spends a longer time in the stomach. Furthermore, alcohol dehydrogenase is present in the stomach lining. After absorption, the alcohol passes to the liver through the hepatic portal vein, where it undergoes a first pass of metabolism before entering the general bloodstream. Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a combination of metabolism, excretion, and evaporation. Alcohol is metabolized mainly by the group of six enzymes collectively called alcohol dehydrogenase. These convert the ethanol into acetaldehyde (an intermediate more toxic than ethanol). The enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase then converts the acetaldehyde into non-toxic acetic acid. Many

"Alcohol by volume"
different concentrations and temperatures. In some countries, e.g., France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, . Mixing two solutions of alcohol of different strengths usually causes a change in volume. Mixing pure water with a solution less than 24% by mass causes a slight increase in total volume, whereas the mixing of two solutions above 24% causes a decrease in volume. The phenomenon of volume changes due to mixing dissimilar solutions

a rate of 1:2100. Therefore, a breathalyzer measurement of 0.10 mg/L of breath alcohol converts to 0.0001×2100 g/10dL, or 0.021 g/dL of blood alcohol (the units of the BAC in the United States). While a variety of units (or sometimes lack thereof) is used throughout the world, many countries use the g/L unit, which does not create confusion as percentages do. Usual units are highlighted in the table below. For purposes of law enforcement, blood alcohol content is used to define intoxication and provides a rough measure of impairment. Although the degree of impairment may vary among individuals with the

"Seven Nation Army"
Seven Nation Army ""Seven Nation Army"" (also stylized as ""7 Nation Army"") is a song by American rock duo The White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, ""Elephant"", in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart —maintaining that position for three weeks. It also became the third best-performing song of the decade on the same chart. It was well received commercially as well, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song. The song is known for its underlying riff, which plays throughout most of the song. Although it

Russell, hard rock band The Pretty Reckless, heavy metal band Metallica and Argentine electrotango band Tanghetto. In 2015, it was covered by Haley Reinhart for Scott Bradlee's Postmordern Jukebox in a style reminiscent of a ""New Orleans funeral march"". The song has been remixed by The Glitch Mob as well, which was used in the first trailer for the 2016 video game ""Battlefield 1"". The song was covered during Maroon 5's Overexposed Tour in 2012, with lead guitarist James Valentine providing guitar and vocals and lead vocalist Adam Levine providing drums. The song was also covered by KT Tunstall (as

later made available for digital download. On January 3, 2014, Third Man Records announced a limited edition clear 7-inch vinyl reissue of ""Seven Nation Army"" as part of a package for subscribers to its Vault service. A black 7-inch vinyl reissue with updated artwork was released on February 27, 2015. ""Seven Nation Army"" is an alternative rock and garage rock song with a length of three minutes and 52 seconds. According to sheet music published by Universal Music Publishing Group, it is composed in the key of E minor in common time with a tempo of 120 beats per minute.

"Johnny Seven OMA"
Johnny Seven OMA Johnny Seven O.M.A. (One Man Army) is a multi function toy weapon produced by Deluxe Reading under their Topper Toys toyline, and released in 1964. Johnny Seven O.M.A. was the best selling boys' toy of 1964, and was marketed heavily on children's television. It has a unique number of features, including seven different actions (thus the ""Seven"" in the name). The toy is no longer made, and has become a collector's item. All of the firing mechanisms are attached to the main rifle assembly - the pistol inserts from the bottom to provide the rifle grip (the

first released onto YouTube on February 16, 2012 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-eight seconds. Critically, Lewis Corner of Digital Spy noted the ""distinctive soul-pop"" vocals showcased by Collins and wrote that, ""Truth be told, we wish he'd fought a little harder to get one those eight original compositions he has on his forthcoming record out first."" Priya Elan of ""NME"" concluded that although the cover may have seemed ""disturbing in theory"", it was ultimately ""disposable and forgettable as a McChicken sandwich [...] but not bad"". Seven Nation Army ""Seven Nation Army"" (also stylized as ""7 Nation

The song is driven by a riff that resembles the sound of a bass guitar. To create this sound, Jack White connected a semi-acoustic guitar to a DigiTech Whammy Pedal that had been lowered one octave. The riff uses five different pitches and consists of seven notes; it begins with a held note followed by four syncopated notes, ending with two notes that appear frequently in laments. The song also features distorted vocals and a ""heartbeat drum"", played by White Stripes drummer Meg White. Tom Maginnins noted that the song ""manipulat[es] the power of tension and release"": it creates a

8, 2003, ""Seven Nation Army"" debuted at number 27 on the ""Billboard"" Modern Rock chart; on July 16, it peaked at number one, a position it maintained for three weeks. The song entered the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart on May 24, peaking at 76 that week. It debuted at number 38 on ""Billboard""'s Mainstream rock chart on July 12, and it reached its peak position of 12 on November 8. It charted at number one on Canadian television channel Much's MuchMusic Countdown for the week starting July 18, 2003. The song debuted on the UK Singles Chart on May 3,

"Stellar 7"
Stellar 7 Stellar 7 is a first-person shoot 'em up tank simulation video game based on the arcade game ""Battlezone"" in which the player assumes the role of a futuristic tank pilot. The game was originally created by Damon Slye for the Apple II and Commodore 64 in 1983. It was followed by three sequels, ""Arcticfox"" (1986), """" (1991), and ""Stellar 7: Draxon's Revenge"" (1993), and was remade in the early 1990s for the 16-bit computers. The player's tank, the Raven, has a front-facing cannon with an unlimited supply of bullets. The cannon can fire up to two shots at

next year bringing a Multi-Pistol 09; a James Bond type pistol in carrying case with ""nine"" different functions. Johnny Seven OMA Johnny Seven O.M.A. (One Man Army) is a multi function toy weapon produced by Deluxe Reading under their Topper Toys toyline, and released in 1964. Johnny Seven O.M.A. was the best selling boys' toy of 1964, and was marketed heavily on children's television. It has a unique number of features, including seven different actions (thus the ""Seven"" in the name). The toy is no longer made, and has become a collector's item. All of the firing mechanisms are attached

"Seven (1979 film)"
Seven (1979 film) Seven is a 1979 action film directed by Andy Sidaris and starring William Smith. ""Seven"" was filmed at Oahu and Kauai in Hawaii. Robert Baird, who is credited along with William Driskill as screenwriter, is a pseudonym for writer and photographer William Edgar. ""The Hollywood Reporter"" budgeted the film at $2 million and noted that the film had ""just completed"" in their February 7, 1979 article. ""Seven"" was released in the United States on September 21, 1979 where it premiered in Los Angeles. The film distributed by American International. ""Variety"" stated that ""Seven"" is ""filled with stock

"Malonic acid"
been produced through fermentation of glucose. In a well-known reaction, malonic acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid. Malonic acid is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid. The esters of malonic acid are also used as a CHCOOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis. Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA. Malonyl CoA is formed from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to

Malonyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid. It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis. In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis. Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate, requiring energy rendered from ATP. Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of ""holo""-acyl carrier

"Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase"
natural kingdoms there is no scientific evidence to prove it. Malonyl-CoA is an important metabolite in some parts of the cell. In peroxisomes, the accumulation of this substance causes malonic aciduria, a highly pathogenic disease. To avoid it malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) converts malonyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA through the following reaction: In the cytosol, malonyl-CoA can inhibit the entrance of fatty acids into the mitochondria and it can also act as a precursor for the fatty acids synthesis. Malonyl-CoA also plays an important role inside the mitochondria, where it is an intermediary between fatty acids and acetyl-CoA, which will be a reserve

acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. A classical preparation of malonic acid starts from chloroacetic acid: Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the cyano acetic acid salt via a nucleophilic substitution. The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords malonic acid. Industrially, however, malonic acid is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate. Malonic acid was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes (1800-1885) via the oxidation of malic acid. Malonic acid has

acetyl-CoA in peroxisomes. This is due to the fact that the beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids with an odd number of carbons produces propionyl-CoA. Most part of this metabolite is transformed into succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The major alternative route by which the propionyl-CoA is metabolized is based on its conversion to acrylyl-CoA. After that, it is converted to 3-hydroxy propionic acid and finally to malonic semi-aldehyde. As soon as malonic semi aldehyde is produced, it is indirectly transformed into acetyl-CoA. This conversion has been detected only in bacteria, in the other

"Malonic ester synthesis"
Malonic ester synthesis The malonic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where diethyl malonate or another ester of malonic acid is alkylated at the carbon alpha (directly adjacent) to both carbonyl groups, and then converted to a substituted acetic acid. The major drawback of malonic ester synthesis is that the alkylation stage can also produce dialkylated structures. This makes separation of products difficult and yields lower. The carbons alpha to carbonyl groups can be deprotonated by a strong base. The carbanion formed can undergo nucleophilic substitution on the alkyl halide, to give the alkylated compound. On heating, the di-ester undergoes

"Fatty acid metabolism"
directly. To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol. There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to mitochondrion as malate (and then converted back into oxaloacetate to transfer more acetyl-CoA out of the mitochondrion). The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids. Acetyl-CoA is formed into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, at which point malonyl-CoA

Maltitol
Maltitol Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It has 75–90% of the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for browning. It is used to replace table sugar because it is half as caloric, does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on blood glucose. In chemical terms, maltitol is known as 4-O-α-glucopyranosyl--sorbitol. It is used in commercial products under trade names such as Lesys, Maltisweet and SweetPearl. Maltitol is a disaccharide produced by hydrogenation of maltose obtained from starch. Maltitol syrup, a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, is created

Maltose
Maltose Maltose ( or ), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar. Maltose was 'discovered' by

Maltose
the branch points of glycogen and amylopectin. Like glucose, maltose is a reducing sugar, because the ring of one of the two glucose units can open to present a free aldehyde group; the other one cannot because of the nature of the glycosidic bond. Maltose can be broken down to glucose by the maltase enzyme, which catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. Maltose in aqueous solution exhibits mutarotation, because the α and β isomers that are formed by the different conformations of the anomeric carbon have different specific rotations, and in aqueous solutions, these two forms are in equilibrium.

"Magnifying glass"
forming a magnified image was described in the ""Book of Optics"" by Ibn al-Haytham in 1021. After the book was translated during the Latin translations of the 12th century, Roger Bacon described the properties of a magnifying glass in 13th-century England. This was followed by the development of eyeglasses in 13th-century Italy. The magnification of a magnifying glass depends upon where it is placed between the user's eye and the object being viewed, and the total distance between them. The ""magnifying power"" is equivalent to angular magnification (this should not be confused with optical power, which is a different quantity).

"History of optics"
the gladiatorial games using an emerald as a corrective lens. Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) wrote about the effects of pinhole, concave lenses, and magnifying glasses in his ""Book of Optics"". Roger Bacon used parts of glass spheres as magnifying glasses and recommended them to be used to help people read. Roger Bacon got his inspiration from Alhacen in the 11th century. He discovered that light reflects from objects rather than emanating from them. Between the 11th and 13th century ""reading stones"" were invented. Often used by monks to assist in illuminating manuscripts, these were primitive plano-convex lenses initially made by cutting

Glasses
that Johannes Kepler published the first correct explanation as to why convex and concave lenses could correct presbyopia and myopia. Early frames for glasses consisted of two magnifying glasses riveted together by the handles so that they could grip the nose. These are referred to as ""rivet spectacles"". The earliest surviving examples were found under the floorboards at Kloster Wienhausen, a convent near Celle in Germany; they have been dated to ""circa"" 1400. Claims that Salvino degli Armati of Florence invented eyeglasses have been exposed as hoaxes. Marco Polo is sometimes claimed to have encountered eyeglasses during his travels in

Glasses
an enlarged/magnified image was most likely described in Ptolemy's ""Optics"" (which however only survives in a poor Arabic translation). Ptolemy's description of lenses was commented upon and improved by Ibn Sahl (10th century) and most notably by Alhazen (""Book of Optics"", ca. 1021). Latin translations of Ptolemy's ""Optics"" and of Alhazen became available in Europe in the 12th century, coinciding with the development of ""reading stones"". Robert Grosseteste's treatise ""De iride"" (""On the Rainbow""), written between 1220 and 1235, mentions using optics to ""read the smallest letters at incredible distances"". A few years later in 1262, Roger Bacon is also

Glasses
the Middle East, with one shipment as large as 24,000 glasses. The American scientist Benjamin Franklin, who suffered from both myopia and presbyopia, invented bifocals. Serious historians have from time to time produced evidence to suggest that others may have preceded him in the invention; however, a correspondence between George Whatley and John Fenno, editor of ""The Gazette of the United States"", suggested that Franklin had indeed invented bifocals, and perhaps 50 years earlier than had been originally thought. The first lenses for correcting astigmatism were designed by the British astronomer George Airy in 1825. Over time, the construction of

Optics
of light, and a theology of light, basing it on the works Aristotle and Platonism. Grosseteste's most famous disciple, Roger Bacon, wrote works citing a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, including those of Alhazen, Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes, Euclid, al-Kindi, Ptolemy, Tideus, and Constantine the African. Bacon was able to use parts of glass spheres as magnifying glasses to demonstrate that light reflects from objects rather than being released from them. The first wearable eyeglasses were invented in Italy around 1286. This was the start of the optical industry of grinding and polishing lenses for these ""spectacles"",

Glasses
known to have written on the magnifying properties of lenses. The development of the first eyeglasses took place in Northern Italy in the second half of the 13th century. Independently of the development of optical lenses, some cultures developed ""sunglasses"" for eye protection, without any corrective properties. Thus, flat panes of smoky quartz, were used in 12th-century China. Similarly, the Inuit have used snow goggles for eye protection. The first eyeglasses were made in Northern Italy, most likely in Pisa, by about 1290: In a sermon delivered on 23 February 1306, the Dominican friar Giordano da Pisa (ca. 1255–1311) wrote

Sunglasses
possibly earlier. Ancient documents describe the use of such crystal sunglasses by judges in ancient Chinese courts to conceal their facial expressions while questioning witnesses. James Ayscough began experimenting with tinted lenses in spectacles in the mid-18th century, around 1752. These were not ""sunglasses"" as that term is now used; Ayscough believed that blue- or green-tinted glass could correct for specific vision impairments. Protection from the Sun's rays was not a concern for him. One of the earliest surviving depictions of a person wearing sunglasses is of the scientist Antoine Lavoisier in 1772. Yellow/amber and brown-tinted spectacles were also a

Glasses
the prior invention of them in Asia did not exist in older versions of that manuscript, and the reference to them in later versions was added during the Ming dynasty. In a 1971 article in the British Journal of Ophthalmology it was argued that it: """"...is therefore most likely that the use of lenses reached Europe via the Arabs, as did Hindu mathematics and the ophthalmological works of the ancient Hindu surgeon Susruta"""", but all dates given are well after the existence of eyeglasses in Italy was established, and there had been significant shipments of eye glasses from Italy to

from two closely spaced slits in his double slit interferometer. Explaining his results by interference of the waves emanating from the two different slits, he deduced that light must propagate as waves. Augustin-Jean Fresnel did more definitive studies and calculations of diffraction, published in 1815 and 1818, and thereby gave great support to the wave theory of light that had been advanced by Christiaan Huygens and reinvigorated by Young, against Newton's particle theory. The earliest known lenses were made from polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as 750 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Layard

"Hospice care in the United States"
or less to receive hospice care, while others are overly optimistic in their assessment of prognosis, presuming treatment will be more effective than it is. As a result, the majority of patients are referred to hospice in the very end-stages of their diseases, or choose that time to seek hospice care. The average length of stay in hospice before a patient dies was 26 days in 1994 and 19 days in 1998. Although the length of average stays has since increased, the term of care continues to be underused. In 2004 the average stay was 57 days and the median

hospice being underutilized. Although most hospice patients are in treatment for less than thirty days, and many for less than one week, hospice care may be authorized for more than six months given a patient's condition. Care may be provided in a patient's home or in a designated facility, such as a nursing home, hospital unit or freestanding hospice, with level of care and sometimes location based upon frequent evaluation of the patient's needs. The four primary levels of care provided by hospice are routine home care, continuous care, general inpatient, and respite care. Patients undergoing hospice treatment may be

patients lacking such coverage. With practices largely defined by the Medicare system, a social insurance program in the United States, and other health insurance providers, hospice care is made available in the United States to patients of any age with any terminal prognosis who are medically certified to have less than six months to live. In 2007, hospice treatment was used by 1.4 million people in the United States. More than one-third of dying Americans use the service. Common misperceptions regarding the length of time a patient may receive hospice care and the kinds of illnesses covered may result in

1.3% in conjunction with nursing homes. In 2007, the mean number of patients being treated in hospice facilities on any given day was 90.2. 79.4% of hospice providers admitted fewer than 500 patients per year. The number of for-profit and non-profit providers has become more balanced as the for-profit sector has grown. In 2007, 47.1% of agencies were for-profit, with 48.6% non-profit. The remaining 4.3% were government-owned providers. In order to receive payments for hospice patients under Medicare or Medicaid, a hospice must be certified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and in 2007 93.1% were. Among those

needed. Typically this is provided after normal business hours by a registered nurse prepared to address urgent patient concerns. Continuous Care is a service provided in the patient's home. It is for patients who are experiencing severe symptoms and need temporary extra support. Once a patient is on continuous care, the hospice provides services in the home a minimum of eight hours a day. Because the criteria for continuous care is similar to general inpatient care, and due to the challenges a hospice can face with staffing extended day care in the home, continuous care is intended to be used

care, it is usually provided for brief periods of time, with five to seven days being the average. Respite Care (sometimes referred to as respite inpatient) is a brief and periodic level of care a patient may receive. Respite is a unique benefit in that the care is provided for the needs of the family, not the patient. Should a family member need a ""break"" from caregiving, or if a vacation is planned, then this level of care may be provided. During respite, the patient is transferred from the home to an institutional setting; this can be a nursing home,

length was 22 days. 33% of hospice patients admitted in 2004 died within seven days of admission. Such late admission is inconsistent with the process of hospice, which is to alleviate patient distress over a period of time, based on time for patients and family members to develop relationships with the hospice team. Some people believe that only individuals suffering from cancer or AIDS can receive hospice care. Hospice in the United States developed around the model of cancer care, with a relatively predictable pattern of deterioration. According to 2002's ""The Case Against Assisted Suicide: For the Right to End-of-life

she has less than six months to live if his or her disease runs its natural course; usually the patient's primary physician and the Hospice Medical Director will provide this certification. Patients can and do stay on hospice longer than six months, and as long as the hospice team continues to certify with supporting evidence that the patient is terminal, insurance companies will usually continue to pay for hospice care. Many physicians are slow to refer to hospice care, waiting until they are absolutely certain of a terminal prognosis. Some physicians believe that the patient ""must"" have a six-month prognosis

"Palliative care"
and the admission of a terminally ill patient is 7.9 days. Patients receiving end of life care in a hospice setting typically have a longer time between their admission and death; 60% of hospice patients passed within approximately 30 days of being admitted. The average length of stay at a hospice house from admission to death is about 48 hours. A method for the assessment of symptoms in people admitted to palliative care is the ""Edmonton Symptoms Assessment Scale"" (ESAS), in which there are eight visual analog scales (VAS) of 0 to 10, indicating the levels of pain, activity, nausea,

home care is the most common level of care provided. In spite of its title, routine home care does not indicate a location of care, but a level (or intensity) of care provided. Routine care may be provided at a nursing home or assisted living facility, although the majority of hospice patients are treated at home. Interdisciplinary team members supply a variety of services during routine home care, including offering necessary supplies, such as durable medical equipment, medications related to the hospice diagnosis and incidentals like diapers, bed pads, gloves, and skin protectants. Twenty-four-hour on-call services must be available as

"Ariana Richards"
Ariana Richards Ariana Clarice Richards (born September 11, 1979) is an American actress and painter. She is best known for her role as Lex Murphy in the blockbuster film ""Jurassic Park"". Richards won several Young Artist Awards for her acting, but since adulthood has focused on her art career. Richards was born in Healdsburg, California, the daughter of Darielle (née Garrison), a public relations representative and film producer, and Gary Richards. Her sister, Bethany, is also an actress. Her maternal grandmother, who was of Italian ancestry, was a descendant of Renaissance painter Carlo Crivelli. Richards is also a descendant of

casting was underway for the role of a nine-year-old girl. Approximately 2,500 girls were interviewed for the part, which ultimately went to Isabella Sermon, marking her film debut. By November 2016, Tom Holland—who previously starred in ""The Impossible""—had discussed a role in the film with Bayona, but did not believe he would be available because of scheduling conflicts. Toby Jones, Rafe Spall, and Justice Smith were cast at the end of the year. Daniella Pineda, Ted Levine and James Cromwell were cast in early 2017, while Wong confirmed his return as Dr. Henry Wu. To maintain secrecy, the ""Ancient Futures""

title was used in the casting phase. During auditions, references to dinosaurs were replaced with animals such as lions and grizzly bears. To convince the studio that Pineda was right for the role of Zia, Bayona had her demonstrate she could perform comedy and drama scenes, as well as improvise. Pineda auditioned seven times before being given the role. She auditioned for Bayona, Atienza, and Crowley but did not meet the cast until she arrived in England for filming. In March 2017, Bayona announced that Geraldine Chaplin, who had appeared in each of his previous films, had joined the cast.

the film's release scheduled for 2005. Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003, with the film's plot revolving around dinosaurs escaping to the mainland. Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters, while Keira Knightley was in talks for two separate roles. In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script. Sayles' first draft involved a team of ""Deinonychus"" being trained for use in rescue missions. His second draft involved genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries. Both drafts were scrapped. In 2006, a new script was being worked on. Laura Dern was contacted to reprise

"The Lost World: Jurassic Park"
the title for Crichton's novel. Koepp wrote a total of nine drafts for the film. In November 1994, Richard Attenborough said he would reprise his role as John Hammond from the first film. In 1995, Spielberg met Vanessa Lee Chester at the premiere of ""A Little Princess"", in which she appeared. Chester later recalled, ""As I was signing an autograph for him, he told me one day he'd put me in a film."" Spielberg met with Chester the following year to discuss ""The Lost World: Jurassic Park"" before ultimately casting her as Malcolm's daughter, Kelly. In April 1996, Julianne Moore

them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite, Richard Schiff, Vince Vaughn, Vanessa Lee Chester, Peter Stormare, and a young Camilla Belle. Joe Johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to ""Jurassic Park"" and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct. Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by

were bred ""en masse"" and allowed to grow before being transported to the park, Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) is called in by John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding (Julianne Moore) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow (Arliss Howard), has taken over his uncle's company and leads a team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring

Murphy, said, ""I was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right."" Christina Ricci also auditioned for the role. Joseph Mazzello had screen-tested for a role in ""Hook"", but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film. After 25 months of pre-production, filming

so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol, which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after the audition to use it."" Laura Dern was Spielberg's first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler though she was not the only actress offered the part. Robin Wright turned down the role. Spielberg chose to cast Wayne Knight after seeing his acting performance in ""Basic Instinct"", saying, ""I waited for the credits to roll and wrote his name down."" Ariana Richards who plays Lex

"Jurassic Park: The Game"
Park dinosaur theme park, owned by InGen and located on the island of Isla Nublar. The game begins with Gerry, Sarah Hardings' father, showing his teenage daughter Jess (voiced by Heather Hudson), Sarah's younger sister, around the park. At this time, Dennis Nedry puts his plan into motion to shut down the park's security and escape with stolen dinosaur embryos, hidden inside a canister of shaving cream. During a tropical storm, Nedry's two contacts, Nima Cruz (voiced by Nika Futterman) and Miles Chadwick (voiced by Jared Emerson-Johnson), head into the park after he fails to meet them at the dock.

the game, and former Colts head coach Weeb Ewbank, and their victory proved that the AFL was the NFL's competitive equal. This was reinforced the following year when the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs defeated the NFL's Minnesota Vikings 23–7 in Super Bowl IV. After the AFL–NFL merger was completed in 1970, three franchises – the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, and Pittsburgh Steelers – would go on to dominate the 1970s, winning a combined eight Super Bowls in the decade. The Baltimore Colts, now a member of the AFC, would start the decade by defeating the Cowboys in Super Bowl V,

the Super Bowls between 2001 and 2018. The Super Bowl is one of the most watched annual sporting events in the world, with viewership overwhelmingly domestic. The only other annual event that gathers more viewers is the UEFA Champions League final. For many years, the Super Bowl has possessed a large US and global television viewership, and it is often the most watched United States originating television program of the year. The game tends to have high Nielsen television ratings, which is usually around a 40 rating and 60 shares. This means that on average, more than 100 million people

is currently coached by John Beilein. Michigan has had 31 All-Americans, selected 44 times. Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans, which are Cazzie Russell (two times), Rickey Green, Gary Grant, Chris Webber, Trey Burke, as well as Harry Kipke, Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan (two-times) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation. Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees. Russell was the only three-time All-American. Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball. Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association (NBA); twenty-six of those were first round draft picks, including both Cazzie Russell and

have borrowed a total of $616,000 from Martin. During the investigation, Webber claimed not to have had any financial relationship with Martin. Eventually he confessed to having accepted some of the money he was charged with having borrowed. For his perjury during a federal grand jury investigation, he was both fined in the legal system and briefly suspended by National Basketball Association after performing public service. In 2002, the University punished itself when it became apparent that its players were guilty by declaring itself ineligible for post season play immediately, returning post season play monetary rewards, vacating five seasons of

players to have won a state high school championship, NCAA title and NBA championship. During the 1990s Michigan endured an NCAA violations scandal, described as involving one of the largest amounts of illicit money in NCAA history, when Ed Martin loaned four players a reported total of $616,000. Due to NCAA sanctions, records from the 1992 Final Four, the 1992–93 season, and 1995–99 seasons have been vacated. Throughout this article asterisks denote awards, records and honors that have been vacated. As a result of public and alumni demand for a basketball team, Michigan fielded a team of members of the

Chris Webber who were drafted first overall. The 1990 NBA draft in which Rumeal Robinson was selected 10th, Loy Vaught was selected 13th, and Terry Mills was selected 16th made Michigan the third of only ten schools that have ever had three or more players selected in the first round of the same draft. Five players have gone on to become NBA champions for a total of nine times and eight players have become NBA All-Stars a total of 18 times. Rudy Tomjanovich coached both the 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals Champions. Glen Rice is one of only nine basketball

"Zachary Quinto"
serious accusation that he attempted to molest one."" Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series ""Heroes"" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot ""Star Trek"" (2009) and its sequels ""Star Trek Into Darkness"" (2013) and ""Star Trek Beyond"" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in """". His other film roles include ""Margin Call"", ""What's Your Number?"", """", ""Snowden"", and ""Hotel Artemis"". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as ""So NoTORIous"", ""The

Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series ""Heroes"" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot ""Star Trek"" (2009) and its sequels ""Star Trek Into Darkness"" (2013) and ""Star Trek Beyond"" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in """". His other film roles include ""Margin Call"", ""What's Your Number?"", """", ""Snowden"", and ""Hotel Artemis"". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as ""So NoTORIous"", ""The Slap"", and ""24"". Quinto was born in Pittsburgh,

Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond is a 2016 American space opera film directed by Justin Lin and written by Simon Pegg and Doug Jung, based on the television series ""Star Trek"" created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the thirteenth film in the ""Star Trek"" film franchise and the third installment in the reboot series, following ""Star Trek"" (2009) and ""Star Trek Into Darkness"" (2013). Chris Pine and Zachary Quinto reprise their respective roles as Captain James T. Kirk and Commander Spock, with Pegg, Karl Urban, Zoe Saldana, John Cho, and Anton Yelchin reprising their roles from the previous films.

"Jacob Kogan"
""Delocated"" as David. He guest-starred on """" in 2011 in the episode ""Blood Brothers"" as Tripp Raines. His most recent acting role to date was Luca Jameson in the science fiction series ""The Tomorrow People"". Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller ""Joshua"" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' ""Star Trek"". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia

"Anton Yelchin"
Anton Yelchin Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (11 March 1989 – 19 June 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three ""Star Trek"" films: ""Star Trek"" (2009), ""Star Trek Into Darkness"" (2013), and the posthumously released ""Star Trek Beyond"" (2016). Born to a Russian Jewish family in Leningrad, Yelchin and his family moved to the United States during his infancy. In the late 1990s, Yelchin began appearing in television and film roles. His role in Steven Spielberg's miniseries ""Taken"" helped further his career. Yelchin also starred in ""Huff"" and the posthumously released ""Trollhunters"". Yelchin was born 11 March 1989,

"Star Trek (film)"
to direct the first sequel. The sequel, ""Star Trek Into Darkness"", starring Benedict Cumberbatch as Khan Noonien Singh, was released on May 16, 2013. A third film, ""Star Trek Beyond"", directed by Justin Lin and starring Idris Elba as the main antagonist, was released on July 22, 2016, to positive reviews. In July 2016, Abrams confirmed plans for a fourth film, and stated that Chris Hemsworth would return as Kirk's father. Most of the cast and producers of ""Beyond"" have also agreed to return; however, Abrams stated Anton Yelchin's role would not be recast following his death. Star Trek (film)

film. Later that month, Paramount confirmed the return of Hemsworth, as well as most of the ""Beyond"" cast, producers Abrams and Lindsey Weber, and writers J. D. Payne and Patrick McKay. That same month, Abrams said that Chekov would not be recast, after Anton Yelchin died in an accident outside his residence in California. In December 2017, it was revealed that Quentin Tarantino had pitched an idea for a potential ""Star Trek"" film to Abrams and Paramount, who were reportedly enthusiastic about the idea. Tarantino was mentioned as a possibility to direct the film if his schedule allowed, and that

Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller ""Joshua"" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' ""Star Trek"". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia (then in the Soviet Union). Kogan has two younger siblings; a sister, Sasha (born March 1997) and a brother, Leo (born May 2006). His mother's family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania and

Spock
later tells McCoy that he intends to leave Starfleet to continue the ambassador's work on New Vulcan. At the end of the film, Spock receives a box containing some of Ambassador Spock's personal effects, and reflecting on a photograph of the older crew of the ""Enterprise"" from the series' original timeline, he chooses to remain in Starfleet. In August 2018 it was announced that Ethan Peck would join the cast of """" as Spock in the show's upcoming second season. Peck's Spock will be younger than Nimoy's Spock, as ""Discovery"" is set several years before the Original Series. The earliest

"Leonard Nimoy"
Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the ""Star Trek"" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013. Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title role in ""Kid Monk Baroni"". Foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played

"History of Las Vegas"
Colorado River. The settlement of Las Vegas was founded in 1905 after opening of a railroad that linked Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. The stopover attracted some farmers (mostly from Utah) to the area, and fresh water was piped into the settlement. In 1911, the town was incorporated as part of the newly founded Clark County. Urbanization took off in 1931 when work started on the Boulder Dam (now the Hoover Dam), bringing a huge influx of young male workers, for whom theatres and casinos were built, largely by the Mafia. Electricity from the dam also enabled the building

would be profitable for local business, the Nevada state legislature legalized gambling at the local level in 1931. Las Vegas, with a small but already well-established illegal gambling industry, was poised to begin its rise as the gaming capital of the world. The county issued the first gambling license in 1931 to the Northern Club, and soon other casinos were licensed on Fremont Street like the Las Vegas Club and the Apache Hotel. Fremont Street became the first paved street in Las Vegas and received the city's first traffic light in 1931. In reply, the federal government restricted movement of

In 1948, McCarran Field was established for commercial air traffic. In 1957 the University of Nevada, Las Vegas was first established, initially as a branch of the University of Nevada, Reno and becoming independent in 1969. In 1959 the Clark County Commission built the Las Vegas Convention Center, which would become a vital part of the area's economy. A new utility company, Southwest Gas expanded into Las Vegas in 1954. In 1966, Howard Hughes, the eccentric hero of the American aviation industry, and noted American entrepreneurial financier with vast connections to long established networks in the country, moved to Las

gambling empire in Galveston, Texas, which had pioneered the high-class casino concepts that became mainstays on the Strip. The Flamingo initially lost money and Siegel died in a hail of gunfire in Beverly Hills, California in the summer of 1947. Additionally, local police and Clark County Sheriff deputies were notorious for their heavy-handed tactics toward mobsters who ""grew too big for their pants."" However, many mobsters saw the potential that gambling offered in Las Vegas. From 1952 to 1957, through money and institutional lending provided by the Teamsters Union and some Mormon bankers they built the Sahara, the Sands, the

out of business. On April 3, 1941, hotel owner Thomas Hull opened the El Rancho Vegas. It was the first resort on what would become the Las Vegas Strip. The hotel gained much of its fame from the gourmet buffet that it offered. On October 30, 1942, Texas cinema magnate R. E. Griffith rebuilt on the site of a nightclub called Pair-O-Dice, that first opened in 1930, and renamed it Hotel Last Frontier. A few more resorts were built on and around Fremont Street, but it was the next hotel on the Strip that publicly demonstrated the influence of organized

Las Vegas in a desperate state. On July 3, 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed the appropriation bill for the Boulder Dam. The dam was later renamed the Hoover Dam during the Truman administration. Work started on the dam in 1931 and Las Vegas' population swelled from around 5,000 citizens to 25,000, with most of the newcomers looking for a job building the dam. However, the demographic of the work force consisting of males from across the country with no attachment to the area created a market for large scale entertainment. A combination of local Las Vegas business owners, and Mafia

"Las Vegas"
Boulevard and Washington Avenue. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when of land adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city. 1931 was a pivotal year for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks. This year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of construction workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. The construction work was completed

1910, when a strict anti-gambling law became effective in Nevada. It even forbade the western custom of flipping a coin for the price of a drink. Nonetheless, Las Vegas had a diversified economy and a stable and prosperous business community, and therefore continued to grow until 1917. In that year, a combination of economic influences and the redirection of resources by the federal government in support of the war effort forced the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad to declare bankruptcy. Although William Clark sold the remains of the company to the Union Pacific Railroad, a nationwide strike in 1922 left

was made at forming an all-integrated night-club modeled on the Harlem Clubs of New York City during the 1920s and 1930s, like those owned by German-Jewish gangster Dutch Schultz. On May 24, 1955, Jewish crime boss Will Max Schwartz, along with other investors, opened the Moulin Rouge. It was a very upscale and racially integrated casino that actually competed against the resorts on the Strip, especially the non-white owned strips on the west side. By the end of the year, the casino closed as Schwartz and his partners had a falling out, but the seeds for racial integration were sown.

"Las Vegas Strip"
Vegas, opening on April 3, 1941, with 63 rooms. That casino/ resort stood for almost 20 years before being destroyed by a fire in 1960. Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip, the Hotel Last Frontier in 1942. Organized crime figures such as New York's Bugsy Siegel took interest in the growing gaming center leading to other resorts such as the Flamingo, which opened in 1946, and the Desert Inn, which opened in 1950. The funding for many projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company, which was based in the then notorious gambling

"America's Next Top Model (season 20)"
Model Management, a spread in ""Nylon"" magazine, and a US$100,000 campaign with ""Guess"". The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" ""Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (8/7c)"" ""Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (9/8c)"" ""Original Airdate: August 9, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: August 16, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: August 23, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: August 30, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: September 6, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: September 13, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: September 20, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: September 27, 2013"" ""Original airdate: October 4, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: October 11, 2013"" ""Original Airdate: October 18, 2013"" ""Original

"America's Next Top Model (season 21)"
a factor in eliminations, with public voting taking place on the show's official page. The fourteen finalists were revealed when voting began. The international destination for this cycle was Seoul, South Korea. Five of the episodes were filmed in Seoul, one of which featured James of Royal Pirates, and the finale had guest appearances from K-pop girl group 2NE1, boy band BTOB, actor and model Lee Soo-hyuk and fashion designer Lie Sang Bong. The winner of the competition was 26-year-old Keith Carlos from Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was the show's first male winner. Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar was shot and killed

"America's Next Top Model (season 22)"
and J. Alexander returned to the judging panel, with photographer Yu Tsai remaining as creative director. Unlike the last three cycles, social media was no longer included on the show. The scoring system remained in place, but only the combined challenge and judges' scores were added into the final tally to determine who would be eliminated. While there was no international destination for this cycle, the models traveled to Las Vegas for two episodes. This is the second cycle in the series to be shot completely in the United States, after cycle 13. The winner of the competition was 25-year-old

"America's Next Top Model (season 24)"
Roach, remained otherwise unchanged. The prizes for this cycle included a contract with Next Model Management, fashion spread in ""Paper"" magazine, a cash prize of from Pantene, and a featured avatar in the new ""America's Next Top Model"" Mobile Game. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Kyla Coleman from Lacey, Washington. ""(Ages stated are at start of contest)"" ""Original air date:"" The semi-finalists were introduced to the judges for the first time, and were made aware of the new casting process in which any of them could be eliminated at any point during casting week (as opposed to

revoke their decisions after the makeovers were revealed. Maria and Victoria refused their makeovers, while everyone else accepted. For the photo shoot, they posed nude with Rob Evans. Maria withdrew from the competition while the shoot was in progress. Victoria received the highest score of the week, while Darian received the lowest and was the second contestant eliminated. ""Originally aired "" The contestants were judged by Tyra Banks and Tyler Perry for their next challenge, which took place on 3rd Street, Santa Monica Boulevard; they portrayed ""over-the-top"" characters. Kiara won and was given a role in one of Perry's newest

the sixth contestant eliminated. ""Originally aired "" The contestants went on go-sees for the challenge; Laura won, having booked two designers (Guess and Whitney Port). For their photo shoot, the contestants had ""fashion mugshots"" taken at a prison. Laura received the highest score of the week for the third time, while Brittany received the lowest and was the seventh contestant eliminated. After Brittany's elimination, the six previously-eliminated contestants, who had taken part in all of the previous photo shoots, filed into the judging room for the results of the ""comeback"" competition. The episode ended on a cliffhanger, with the results

"Nine Hours Strike"
Nine Hours Strike The Nine Hours Strike was an 1872 labour dispute in the engineering trade, in Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain. Its name refers to the engineers' demand that a normal working day should consist of no more than nine hours. The strike began in August 1871 when the engineers in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, and adjoining areas of Tyneside, formally requested that their ""masters"" (employers) place limits on working hours. This request was rejected, and a strike ensued. It was particularly bitter, and made more so when the masters refused to talk to the employees, only to legal

being made by the masters, order book were over-full and as a consequence labour was extremely scarce even without a strike. Victory was therefore almost assured by the strikers right from the start. The strike continued for fourteen weeks before the masters succumbed to the pressure, granting the strikers' request for a nine-hour day. Matthew Dryden, the Tyneside songwriter wrote ""Perseveer "" or ""The Nine Oors Movement"" (written in Geordie dialect and sung to the tune of ""Nelly Ray"") and sang this in many concerts held to provide funds for the strikers. Nine Hours Strike The Nine Hours Strike was

"Ninestane Rig"
William's mastery of the black arts (provided by his redcap familiar spirit and also learned from Michael Scot) was such that rope could not hold him, nor steel harm him, so (after True Thomas, who was present, had tried and failed to make magical ropes of sand) he was wrapped in a sheet of lead and boiled. According to Leyden's ballad, in his time (1775–1811) the locals still displayed the supposed cauldron used: However, William II de Soules was not actually boiled alive but died in prison in Dumbarton Castle, probably sometime before 20 April 1321 (and Leyden's kettle was

"9 Days in Summer"
their heavy, unreliable H16 engine Chapman persuaded Ford to fund the development of a new 3 litre V8 produced by Cosworth. The Ford Cosworth DFV was an innovative engine designed to form part of the chassis of the car, and went on to become the most successful engine in Formula 1 history amassing an incredible 155 wins. The film opens showing Cosworth designer Keith Duckworth silently working away at his drawing board, then cuts to footage of the 1967 Dutch Grand Prix, over which the credits are superimposed, incorporated into a series of stylised gauges and dials. Jim Clark is

Stones circle near Winterbourne Abbas in Dorset or the Nine Stones at Altarnun in Cornwall, nor Nine Stone Rig in East Lothian or Nine Standards Rigg in Cumbria.) According to legend, William II de Soules, who was lord of Hermitage Castle, was arrested and boiled alive by his tenants at the site in 1320 in a cauldron suspended from the two large stones, on account of being a particularly oppressive and cruel landlord. William was also a traitor (he conspired against Robert the Bruce) and, according to Walter Scott, by local reputation a sorcerer. In John Leyden's ballad ""Lord Soulis"",

"The Nine Days Wonder"
two university students staying. Ruby's uncle Len Finch comes down from Barnsley with a friend Arnold Thompson. Both are down for a delegates meeting. They take tea in the Servants' Hall, when Mr. Hudson is out, and Thompson gives Edward, who is sympathetic to the strikers, a copy of ""The British Worker"" newspaper. When Mr Hudson comes back and finds this, he orders it to be burned. On 12 May, minutes after the strike is called off Len Finch and Arnold Thompson arrive to say goodbye to Ruby. When told of the strike's end, they are both deflated. The Nine

"Foggy Dew (Irish ballad)"
applied to Ireland, which at that time was under British rule. In 1916, Irish nationalists led by James Connolly and Patrick Pearse decided to take advantage of the fact that Britain was pre-occupied by the war and stage a rebellion. In what became known as the Easter Rising, the rebels seized some of the major buildings in Dublin including the General Post Office. The rebellion was quickly put down by British forces, but the rebellion and the execution of the leaders that followed, marked a turning point for many Irish people. Some had opposed the action of the rebels, but

"Pea soup fog"
worst recorded instance was the Great Smog of 1952, when 4,000 deaths were reported in the city over a couple of days, and a subsequent 8,000 related deaths, leading to the passage of the Clean Air Act 1956, which banned the use of coal for domestic fires in some urban areas. The overall death toll from that incident is now believed to be around 12,000. In Chapter XXXIV of Thomas Love Peacock's ""Melincourt"" (1817), the Reverend Mr. Portpipe tells his visitors that he has ""good ale and a few bottles of London Particular."" A footnote by David Garnett, editor of

"Black Tot Day"
House of Commons on the evening of 28 January 1970, now referred to as the 'Great Rum Debate', started by James Wellbeloved, MP for Erith and Crayford, who believed that the ration should not be removed. The debate lasted an hour and 15 minutes and closed at 10:29pm with a decision that the rum ration was no longer appropriate. 31 July 1970 was the final day of the rum ration and it was poured as usual at 6 bells in the forenoon watch (11am) after the pipe of 'up spirits'. Some sailors wore black armbands, tots were 'buried at sea'

"Nine Herbs Charm"
Nine Herbs Charm The ""Nine Herbs Charm"" is an Old English charm recorded in the 10th-century AD ""Lacnunga"" manuscript. The charm is intended for the treatment of poisoning and infection by a preparation of nine herbs. The numbers nine and three, significant in Germanic paganism and later Germanic folklore, are mentioned frequently within the charm. The poem contains references to Christian and English Pagan elements, including a mention of the major Germanic god Woden. According to R. K. Gordon, the poem is ""clearly an old heathen thing which has been subjected to Christian censorship."" Malcolm Laurence Cameron states that chanting

"We're Going on a Bear Hunt"
We're Going on a Bear Hunt We're Going on a Bear Hunt is a 1989 children's picture book written by Michael Rosen and illustrated by Helen Oxenbury. It has won numerous awards and was the subject of a ""Guinness World Record"" for ""Largest Reading Lesson"" with a book-reading attended by 1,500 children, and an additional 30,000 listeners online, in 2014. Five children and their dog go out to hunt a bear. They travel through grass, a river, mud, a forest and a snowstorm before coming face to face with a bear in its cave. This meeting causes panic and the

festive sadness."" A mobile app, based on the book, was launched in December 2016. It is available on Amazon, Android, and Apple platforms. We're Going on a Bear Hunt We're Going on a Bear Hunt is a 1989 children's picture book written by Michael Rosen and illustrated by Helen Oxenbury. It has won numerous awards and was the subject of a ""Guinness World Record"" for ""Largest Reading Lesson"" with a book-reading attended by 1,500 children, and an additional 30,000 listeners online, in 2014. Five children and their dog go out to hunt a bear. They travel through grass, a river,

the children chant the refrain: followed by: The children, the eldest of whom is sometimes mistaken for their father, are based on Oxenbury's own children. Likewise, the dog is based on her dog. Each of the obstacles, apart from the river, are based on real life locations in England and Wales that Oxenbury knew. The story was adapted from an American folk song. Rosen, who heard the song, incorporated it in his poetry shows and subsequently wrote the book based upon it. Since publication, the book has never been out of print and each year has been in the 5,000

"Running Bear"
Running Bear ""Running Bear"" is a song written by Jiles Perry Richardson (a.k.a. The Big Bopper) and sung most famously by Johnny Preston in 1959. The 1959 recording featured background vocals by Richardson and George Jones and the session's producer Bill Hall, who provided the ""Indian chanting"" of ""uga-uga"" during the three verses, as well as the ""Indian war cries"" at the start and end of the record. It was No. 1 for three weeks in January 1960 on the """"Billboard"" Hot 100"" in the United States. The song also reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in 1960.

"The Bear Went Over the Mountain (song)"
The Bear Went Over the Mountain (song) ""The Bear Went Over the Mountain"" is a popular children's song often sung to the tune of ""For He's a Jolly Good Fellow"". The song (as well as ""We'll all go down to Rowser"", which is sung to the same tune) has been used in play party games. The public domain lyrics are of unknown origin. Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album ""101 Gang Songs"" (1961). Deitsch folklorist Don Yoder postulates that the song may have its origins in Germanic traditions similar to Grundsaudaag, or Groundhog Day. Groundhog

"Teddy Bears' Picnic"
Teddy Bears' Picnic ""The Teddy Bears' Picnic"" is a song consisting of a melody by American composer John Walter Bratton, written in 1907, and lyrics added by Irish songwriter Jimmy Kennedy in 1932. It remains popular as a children's song, having been recorded by numerous artists over the decades. Kennedy lived at Staplegrove Elm and is buried in Staplegrove Church, Taunton, Somerset, England. Local folklore has it that the small wooded area between the church and Staplegrove Scout Hut was the inspiration for his lyrics. Bratton composed and personally copyrighted it in 1907, and then assigned the copyright to M.

"American Patrol"
American Patrol ""American Patrol"" is a popular march written by Frank White (F.W.) Meacham in 1885. It incorporates both original musical themes by Meacham and melodies from American patriotic songs of the era such as ""Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean"" and ""Dixie."" Composed for piano, it was then arranged for wind band and published by Carl Fischer in 1891. Copyright was assigned to Meacham's widow, Cora, in 1912 and renewed in 1919. Glenn Miller's Orchestra recorded a swing version of the march arranged by Jerry Gray in 1942 which was released as a 78 single on Victor Records. Morton

best selling books. The publisher has stated that the book has attained worldwide sales of more than 9 million copies. The book won the overall Nestlé Smarties Book Prize in 1989 and also won the 0–5 years category. In 1989 it was an 'Honor Book' in the Boston Globe–Horn Book Awards. The book also won the 'School Library Journal Best Book of the Year' and the 'Mainichi Newspapers Japanese Picture Book Award, Outstanding Picture Book from Abroad' award. It was highly commended for the 1989 Kate Greenaway Medal. The publisher, Walker Books, celebrated the work's 25th anniversary in 2014 by

"A-Hunting We Will Go"
A-Hunting We Will Go A-Hunting We Will Go is a popular folk song and nursery rhyme by English composer Thomas Arne. The ""a-"" is an archaic intensifying prefix; compare ""Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling"" and lyrics to ""The Twelve Days of Christmas"" (e.g., “Six geese a-laying”). <poem>A-hunting we will go, A-hunting we will go Heigh-ho, the derry-o, A-hunting we will go. A-hunting we will go, A-hunting we will go We'll catch a fox and put him in a box And never let him go</poem> (Modern versions often change the last line to “And then we’ll let him go”.)

"Preacher and the Bear"
Preacher and the Bear Preacher and the Bear is an American folk song. Ragtime artist Arthur Francis Collins recorded the song in 1905 and it became a huge hit selling over a million records. He continued performing and recording the song for various records over several decades. Composer Joe Arizona wrote sheet music for the song in 1905 that was published by Jos. Morris. The song was also recorded by various artists including Phil Harris in 1947, The Jubalaires, and Jerry Reed on his album Georgia Sunshine. The song was also recorded by the Golden Gate Quartet. A ""coon song"",

"Son of a Preacher Man"
recent years. The song is also featured in the 2016 video game ""Mafia III"". Son of a Preacher Man ""Son of a Preacher Man"" is a song written and composed by John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins and recorded by British singer Dusty Springfield in September 1968 for the album ""Dusty in Memphis."" Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd, and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching #10 in the United States and #9 in her native United Kingdom when it was released in late 1968. The album

Son of a Preacher Man ""Son of a Preacher Man"" is a song written and composed by John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins and recorded by British singer Dusty Springfield in September 1968 for the album ""Dusty in Memphis."" Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd, and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching #10 in the United States and #9 in her native United Kingdom when it was released in late 1968. The album ""Dusty in Memphis"" was released in stereo, though its singles were remixed and released

b-side hit single ""Call Me"". The writers of ""Rolling Stone"" magazine placed Dusty Springfield's recording at #77 among ""The 100 Best Singles of the Last 25 Years"" in 1987. The record was placed at #43 of the ""Greatest Singles of All Time"" by the writers of ""New Musical Express"" in 2002. In 2004, the song made the ""Rolling Stone"" list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time at No. 240. In 1994, the song was featured in a scene of the film ""Pulp Fiction"". The film's soundtrack reached #21 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum (100,000 units) in

"Son of a Preacher Man (album)"
Son of a Preacher Man (album) ""For the Dusty Springfield and Aretha Franklin song, see ""Son of a Preacher Man."" "" Son of a Preacher Man is the third solo studio album by American country music artist John Rich, one half of the duo Big & Rich. Rich wrote or co-wrote all of the songs on the album. Originally slated for a May 2009 release on Warner Bros. Records, the same label to which Big & Rich are signed, ""Son of a Preacher Man"" was released on March 24, 2009. The first single released from the album, ""Another You"", debuted

in mono. ""Son of a Preacher Man"" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single ""What Have I Done to Deserve This?"" in 1987. In 1967, while working at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, songwriters John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins, who had recently had a hit with ""Love of the Common People"", were asked by Jerry Wexler to write a song for Aretha Franklin. Remembering the fact that Franklin's father was a preacher, as Wilkins's grandfather had been, Hurley and Wilkins quickly came up

"Son of a Preacher Man (Nancy Wilson album)"
hippest."" Reviewer Jason Ankeny highlights ""Almost Persuaded"" and ""By the Time I Get to Phoenix,"" saying the songs ""boast an earthy appeal that contrasts sharply with Wilson's signature sophistication, pushing the singer in unexpected but fascinating directions."" ""High Fidelity News"" hails the ""selection of killer blues and soul tracks,"" including the title song, ""delivered with such panache that you wonder why this ever went out of print."" The album entered the Billboard 200 on July 5, 1969, peaking at #122. It achieved more success on Billboard's Hot R&B LPs, reaching #20 and staying on the chart for 23 weeks. In

"The Preacher's Son"
The Preacher's Son The Preacher's Son is the fourth studio album by Haitian rapper Wyclef Jean, released on November 4, 2003. The album, which was co-produced by Jean and long-time collaborator Jerry 'Wonda' Duplessis, combines elements of Hip hop, Reggae and Reggae fusion, and uses a number of samples, including the Motown-inspired ""Industry"", which samples ""What Becomes of the Brokenhearted"". The album contains guest appearances of the likes of Missy Elliott, Patti LaBelle, Rah Digga and Redman, as well as a guitar feature by Carlos Santana on the song ""Three Nights In Rio"". Three singles were released from the album.

Canada alone. ""Son of a Preacher Man"" helped to sell over two million units of the album and to help it reach number six on the charts according to SoundScan. Quentin Tarantino has been quoted, on the ""Collectors Edition"" DVD of ""Pulp Fiction"", as saying that he probably would not have filmed the scene in which the song is featured had he not been able to use it. The song is also featured in the film """", during scenes depicting Kenneth Lay, ex-Enron CEO and son of a Baptist minister, and on an episode of ""Hindsight"". In the 2008 television

The lead single, ""Party to Damascus"", was the only single served to international radio. ""Industry"" served as a European-only single, with some territories, including Germany, releasing it as a double A-side with ""Party to Damascus"". ""Take Me As I Am"" was released as a US-only radio single in March 2004, with a new ""Urban Remix"" being serviced to certain radio stations. The Preacher's Son The Preacher's Son is the fourth studio album by Haitian rapper Wyclef Jean, released on November 4, 2003. The album, which was co-produced by Jean and long-time collaborator Jerry 'Wonda' Duplessis, combines elements of Hip hop,

with ""Son of a Preacher Man"". Wexler liked the song and recorded it with Aretha Franklin, but then decided that it did not fit with her other songs and passed the song on to Dusty Springfield for her album ""Dusty in Memphis"". The song was recorded by Franklin's older sister Erma, who included it on her 1969 Brunswick album ""Soul Sister"". Not till after hearing Springfield's version did Franklin reconsider; when she did release the song herself, including it on her 1970 album, ""This Girl's in Love with You"", her version charted only as a less popular a-side of the

"The World's 50 Best Restaurants"
gastronomic trends, the list showcases a variety of cuisines from all over the world. The top restaurants have sometimes been forerunners of molecular gastronomy. Most of the restaurants serve haute cuisine, which is characterized by the meticulous preparation and careful presentation of food. The first place on the list has been dominated by elBulli and Noma. In 2002 and 2006–2009, elBulli was determined to be the world's best restaurant, winning more times than any other restaurant. In 2010, Noma received the first place award. It was maintained in 2011 and again in 2012. After defending its title for the third

expected and soon became established as a major event in the culinary world. The World's 50 Best Restaurants list is compiled from the votes of the ""World’s 50 Best Restaurants Academy"", a group of 26 panels established to make the ranking. The world is divided into regions, with a chairperson in each region appointed for their knowledge of their part of the restaurant world. These chairs each selected a voting panel of 40 members, who every year cast thousands of votes. There is no list of nominees; each member of the international voting panel votes for their own personal choice

time, chef René Redzepi said that 1,204 customers were wait-listed for the evening, compared to 14 customers from two years before. However, in 2013 El Celler De Can Roca took over the first position before Noma regained it in 2014. In 2018, Osteria Francescana regained the crown it had held in 2016, after dropping to second in 2017, when Eleven Madison Park topped the poll. The list originated as a one-off stunt by the staff of ""Restaurant"" magazine, who came up with the idea at the Shaston Arms public house in London's Carnaby Street. It was more successful than they

"McDonald's"
of the American way of life. Its prominence has also made it a frequent topic of public debates about obesity, corporate ethics, and consumer responsibility. McDonald's restaurants are found in 120 countries and territories around the world and serve 68 million customers each day. McDonald's operates 36,899 restaurants worldwide, employing more than 375,000 people as of the end of 2016. There are currently a total of 5,669 company-owned locations and 31,230 franchised locations, which includes 21,559 locations franchised to conventional franchisees, 6,300 locations licensed to developmental licensees, and 3,371 locations licensed to foreign affiliates, primarily Japan. Focusing on its core

Restaurant
Americans spent more on restaurants than groceries. In October 2017, ""The New York Times"" reported there are 620,000 eating and drinking places in the United States, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. They also reported that the number of restaurants are growing almost twice as fast as the population. One study of new restaurants in Cleveland, Ohio found that 1 in 4 changed ownership or went out of business after one year, and 6 out of 10 did so after three years. (Not all changes in ownership are indicative of financial failure.) The three-year failure rate for franchises was

Momofuku Ssam Bar, Asador Etxebarri and St. John to hold their own among the molecular or traditional cuisine of restaurants such as The Fat Duck, Les Ambassadeurs or The French Laundry. The Chefs' Choice Award is voted for by the head chefs of the restaurants in the list, who choose a peer who has made a positive impact in the restaurant industry in the previous year. The World's 50 Best Restaurants list has been criticised; writing in ""The Guardian"" in 2003 Matthew Fort described the list as ""humbug"". The French food writer and critic says the ranking lacks reliability, while

City, ""restorator"" in Boston, or ""victualing house"" in other areas. Restaurants were typically located in populous urban areas during the 19th century and grew both in number and sophistication in the mid-century due to a more affluent middle class and to suburbanization. The highest concentration of these restaurants were in the West, followed by industrial cities on the Eastern Seaboard. <ref name=""http://digital.library.unlv.edu/collections/menus/early-restaurants-america"">Early Restaurants in America.</ref> In the 1970s, there was one restaurant for every 7,500 persons. In 2016, there were 1,000,000 restaurants; one for every 310 people. The average person eats out five to six times weekly. 10% of the

nearly the same. Restaurants employed 912,100 cooks in 2013, earning an average $9.83 per hour. The waiting staff numbered 4,438,100 in 2012, earning an average $8.84 per hour. Jiaxi Lu of the ""Washington Post"" reports in 2014 that, ""Americans are spending $683.4 billion a year dining out, and they are also demanding better food quality and greater variety from restaurants to make sure their money is well spent."" Dining in restaurants has become increasingly popular, with the proportion of meals consumed outside the home in restaurants or institutions rising from 25% in 1950 to 46% in 1990. This is caused

of ten restaurants. Up to six votes can be cast for restaurants in the voter's own region, while at least four must go to restaurants outside of the home region. No voting member is allowed to vote for their own restaurant, or one in which they have an economic interest, and voters must have eaten in the restaurants they nominate within the past 18 months. The integrity of the voting process and the resulting list is adjudicated by global consultancy firm Deloitte. The criteria are different from those of the ""Michelin Guide"" or other guides, which has allowed restaurants like

The World's 50 Best Restaurants The World's 50 Best Restaurants is a list produced by UK media company William Reed Business Media, which originally appeared in the British magazine ""Restaurant"", based on a poll of international chefs, restaurateurs, gourmands and restaurant critics. In addition to the main ranking, the organisation awards a series of special prizes for individuals and restaurants, including the One To Watch award, the Lifetime Achievement Award and the Chefs' Choice Award, the latter based on votes from the fifty head chefs from the restaurants on the previous year's list. Often working as a barometer of global

team that he helped lead to a Super Bowl XX victory as defensive coordinator. Ryan was fired on January 7, 1991, after an upset home playoff loss to the Redskins. Offensive coordinator Rich Kotite was promoted to head coach three days later. After All Pro defensive tackle Jerome Brown was killed in an automobile accident, the team and fanbase became dedicated to ""bring it home for Jerome"" in the 1992 season. Kotite did lead the Eagles to a playoff victory against the New Orleans Saints during the 1992 season, but they lost all-time sacks leader Reggie White to free agency

"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017"
coinciding with the eclipse, and at least one wedding was also planned and took place to coincide with the eclipse. Logistical problems were expected with the influx of visitors, especially for smaller communities. The sale of counterfeit eclipse glasses was also anticipated to be a hazard for eye injuries. Future total solar eclipses will cross the United States in April 2024 (12 states) and August 2045 (10 states), and annular solar eclipses—wherein the Moon appears smaller than the Sun—will occur in October 2023 (9 states) and June 2048 (9 states). The total eclipse had a magnitude of 1.0306 and was

Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed ""The Great American Eclipse"" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band that spanned the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula. Prior to this event, no solar

crossing the United States from 1900 to 2050: Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed ""The Great American Eclipse"" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band that spanned the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the

eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States. The path of totality touched 14 states, and the rest of the U.S. had a partial eclipse. The area of the path of totality was about 16 percent of the area of the United States, with most of this area over the ocean, not land. The event's shadow began to cover land on the Oregon coast as a partial eclipse at 4:05 p.m. UTC (9:05 a.m. PDT),

length (up to 3 minutes, 8 seconds, with the longest eclipse being 6 minutes and 54 seconds) occurred over the contiguous United States on March 7, 1970 along the southern portions of the Eastern Seaboard, from Florida to Virginia. The path of totality of the solar eclipse of February 26, 1979 crossed only the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. Many enthusiasts traveled to the Pacific Northwest to view the eclipse, since it would be the last chance to view such an eclipse in the contiguous United States for almost four decades. The August 2017 eclipse was

with the total eclipse beginning there at 5:16 p.m. UTC (10:16 a.m. PDT); the total eclipse's land coverage ended along the South Carolina coast at about 6:44 p.m. UTC (2:44 p.m. EDT). Visibility as a partial eclipse in Honolulu, Hawaii began with sunrise at 4:20 p.m. UTC (6:20 a.m. HST) and ended by 5:25 p.m. UTC (7:25 a.m. HST). This total solar eclipse marked the first such event in the smartphone and social media era in America. Information, personal communication, and photography were widely available as never before, capturing popular attention and enhancing the social experience. Marriage proposals took place

state, and advised jurisdictions to prepare for service load increases; nearly every hotel and motel room, campground, and in some cases backyards for nearly north and south of the path of totality had been reserved several months, if not years, in advance. The state anticipated up to 500,000 visitors to join its 1.6 million residents. Oregon deployed six National Guard aircraft and 150 soldiers because the influx of visitors coincided with the state's fire season. Hospital staffing, and supplies of blood and antisnake bite antidote, were augmented along the totality line. Also in Oregon, there were reports of hoteliers canceling

the full moon. The stamp was released prior to August 21, so uses an image from the eclipse of March 29, 2006 seen in Jalu, Libya. Astronomers Without Borders began collecting eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America for the total solar eclipse occurring on July 2, 2019 and to Asia for the annular eclipse on December 26, 2019. A partial lunar eclipse took place on August 7, 2017, in the same eclipse season. It was visible over Africa, Asia, Australia, and eastern Europe. Notable total solar eclipses crossing the United States from 1900 to 2050: Notable annular solar eclipses

visible within a narrow corridor wide, crossing fourteen of the contiguous United States: Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It was first seen from land in the U.S. shortly after 10:15 a.m. PDT (17:15 UTC) at Oregon's Pacific coast, and then it progressed eastward through Salem, Oregon; Idaho Falls, Idaho; Casper, Wyoming; Lincoln, Nebraska; Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; and Nashville, Tennessee; before reaching Columbia, South Carolina about 2:41 p.m.; and finally Charleston, South Carolina. A partial eclipse was seen for a greater time period, beginning

"August 2017 lunar eclipse"
August 2017 lunar eclipse A partial lunar eclipse took place on August 7/8, 2017, the second of two lunar eclipses in 2017. The Moon was only slightly covered by the Earth's umbral shadow at maximum eclipse. The moon inside the umbral shadow was a subtle red, but hard to see in contrast to the much brighter moon in the outer penumbral shadow. The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 occurred fourteen days later, in the same eclipse season. It was the first total solar eclipse visible in the contiguous United States since the solar eclipse of February 26, 1979. It

for its third season having been paired with ""Beauty & the Beast"". The show's third season premiered on October 7, 2013. On May 8, 2014, the CW renewed the show for its fourth season. On July 18, 2014, CW president Mark Pedowitz announced that ""Hart of Dixie"" would have ten episodes for its fourth season, which premiered on December 15, 2014. On March 14, 2015, Leila Gerstein revealed that season four of ""Hart of Dixie"" would be its last. The CW officially cancelled the show on May 7, 2015. The first season mostly revolves around Zoe Hart adjusting to life

"Hart of Dixie (Season 4)"
Hart of Dixie (Season 4) The fourth and final season of ""Hart of Dixie"" premiered on November 15, 2014 and ended on March 27, 2015, with a total of 10 episodes. The series was later cancelled on May 7, 2015. The final season deals with Zoe's pregnancy and her relationship with Wade. George, Lemon, Lavon and Annabeth enter a tumultuous love affair while Brick has to deal with his past in order to move forward. Erica Piccininni was cast as the new firefighter and love interest for Brandi Burkhardt's character, Crickett Watts. ""Dawson's Creek"" star Meredith Monroe was cast as

options. Hart of Dixie (Season 4) The fourth and final season of ""Hart of Dixie"" premiered on November 15, 2014 and ended on March 27, 2015, with a total of 10 episodes. The series was later cancelled on May 7, 2015. The final season deals with Zoe's pregnancy and her relationship with Wade. George, Lemon, Lavon and Annabeth enter a tumultuous love affair while Brick has to deal with his past in order to move forward. Erica Piccininni was cast as the new firefighter and love interest for Brandi Burkhardt's character, Crickett Watts. ""Dawson's Creek"" star Meredith Monroe was cast

Ratings rose in the fourth season, but was not enough to sustain a renewal. Series creator Leila Gerstein later hinted to fans via Twitter that the series was unlikely to return for a fifth season. On the 29th of July, 2015, Rachel Bilson put to rest the rumours surrounding the cancellation of the series once and for all via her Instagram account. Hart of Dixie: The Fourth and Final Season was released on DVD in the US on October 27, 2015. The 2 disc set includes all 10 episodes from the fourth and final season and various language and subtitle

Lemon's estranged mother, Alice Kincaid and Talitha Bateman was cast as her daughter, Scarlett Kincaid. The season premiere was up from the previous season with 1.22 million people tuning in. The first episode had a 0.4 rating share for adults 18-49. The series finale saw the highest ratings of the series since season two's episode 17 episode that aired in 2013. The series finale had 1.33 million people tune in with and audience share of 0.4 for adults 18-49. The third season saw the series begin a ratings decline, averaging a .6 in the 18-to-49 demo and 1.6 million viewers.

Dixie"" would air on Monday at 9:00 pm Eastern/8:00 pm Central, following ""Gossip Girl"". It premiered on Monday, September 26, 2011. On October 12, 2011 the series was picked up for a full season, which will consist of twenty-two episodes. Along with pick-up for all other CW dramas, Mark Pedowitz said ""We believe in the creative strength of these dramas, and by giving them back nine orders we can give our audience the chance to enjoy complete seasons of all three of them."" On May 11, 2012, The CW renewed the show for a second season, which premiered on October

"Ally McBeal (season 4)"
Ally McBeal (season 4) The fourth season of the television series ""Ally McBeal"" commenced airing in the United States on October 12, 2000, concluded on May 21, 2001, and consisted of 23 episodes. The entire season originally aired Mondays at 9pm, just like the seasons before. It was released on DVD as a six disc boxed set under the title of ""Ally McBeal: Season Four"" on February 10, 2002, and this was the very first season of ""Ally McBeal"" to be released on DVD. The fourth season had an average rating of 12.0 million viewers in the United States and

"BoJack Horseman (season 4)"
BoJack Horseman (season 4) The fourth season of the animated television series ""BoJack Horseman"" premiered exclusively via Netflix's web streaming service on September 8, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The fourth season of the show received critical acclaim; the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season an approval rating of 97%, based on 29 reviews. The site's critical consensus states, """"BoJack Horseman"" fourth season finds the show continuing to traverse the emotional gamut - with results that are heartbreaking as often as they are hilarious."" On Metacritic, the season has a score of 87 out of 100, based on 5 reviews, indicating ""universal

"Hart of Dixie (Season 3)"
Hart of Dixie (Season 3) The third season of ""Hart of Dixie"" premiered on October 7, 2013 and ended on May 16, 2014, with 22 episdoes. For the third season, the series moved back to its Monday timeslot of 8/9 central followed by new ""Beauty and the Beast"". The season begins with Zoe returning to Bluebell with her new boyfriend (Joel) played by Josh Cooke. George struggles to rebuild his life following his break up with Tansy but finds love with Levon's younger cousin. Lemon finds herself in a scandalous relationship while Annabeth hopes her relationship with Levon will grow

"Green algae"
a few model organisms. ""Volvox"" is a genus of chlorophytes. Different species form spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells. One well-studied species, ""Volvox carteri"" (2,000 – 6,000 cells) occupies temporary pools of water that tend to dry out in the heat of late summer. As their environment dries out, asexual ""V. carteri"" quickly die. However, they are able to escape death by switching, shortly before drying is complete, to the sexual phase of their life cycle that leads to production of dormant desiccation-resistant zygotes. Sexual development is initiated by a glycoprotein pheromone (Hallmann et al., 1998). This pheromone is

this definition were synonyms. As the green algae clades get further resolved, the embryophytes, which are a deep charophyte branch, are included in ""algae"", ""green algae"" and ""Charophytes"", or these terms are replaced by cladistic terminology such as Archaeplastida, Plantae, Viridiplantae or streptophytes, respectively. Green algae are eukaryotic organisms that follow a reproduction cycle called alternation of generations. Reproduction varies from fusion of identical cells (isogamy) to fertilization of a large non-motile cell by a smaller motile one (oogamy). However, these traits show some variation, most notably among the basal green algae called prasinophytes. Haploid algal cells (containing only one

copy of their DNA) can fuse with other haploid cells to form diploid zygotes. When filamentous algae do this, they form bridges between cells, and leave empty cell walls behind that can be easily distinguished under the light microscope. This process is called ""conjugation"" and occurs for example in ""Spirogyra"". The species of ""Ulva"" are reproductively isomorphic, the diploid vegetative phase is the site of meiosis and releases haploid zoospores, which germinate and grow producing a haploid phase alternating with the vegetative phase. Sex pheromone production is likely a common feature of green algae, although only studied in detail in

"Monocotyledon reproduction"
Monocotyledon reproduction The monocots (or Monocotyledons) are one of the two major clades of flowering plants (or Angiosperms), the other being the dicots (or dicotyldons). In order to reproduce they utilize various strategies such as employing forms of asexual reproduction, restricting which individuals they are sexually compatible with, or influencing how they are pollinated. Nearly all reproductive strategies that evolved in the dicots have independently evolved in monocots as well. Despite these similarities and their close relatedness, monocots and dicots have distinct traits in their reproductive biologies. Most monocots reproduce sexually through use of seeds that have a single cotyledon,

from the mitotic spindle and cell division involves the use of this phragmoplast in the production of a cell plate. Photosynthetic eukaryotes originated following a primary endosymbiotic event, where a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium-like prokaryote that became stably integrated and eventually evolved into a membrane-bound organelle: the plastid. This primary endosymbiosis event gave rise to three autotrophic clades with primary plastids: the green plants, the red algae and the glaucophytes. Green algae are often classified with their embryophyte descendants in the green plant clade Viridiplantae (or Chlorobionta). Viridiplantae, together with red algae and glaucophyte algae, form the

one of the most potent known biological effector molecules. It can trigger sexual development at concentrations as low as 10M. Kirk and Kirk showed that sex-inducing pheromone production can be triggered experimentally in somatic cells by heat shock. Thus heat shock may be a condition that ordinarily triggers sex-inducing pheromone in nature. The ""Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl)"" complex is a unicellular, isogamous charophycean alga group that is the closest unicellular relative to land plants. Heterothallic strains of different mating type can conjugate to form zygospores. Sex pheromones termed protoplast-release inducing proteins (glycopolypeptides) produced by mating-type (-) and mating-type (+) cells

"Plant reproduction"
cepa""), hyacinth (""Hyacinth""), narcissus (""Narcissus"") and tulips (""Tulipa"") reproduce by dividing their underground bulbs into more bulbs. Other plants like potatoes (""Solanum tuberosum"") and dahlia (""Dahlia"") reproduce by a similar method involving underground tubers. Gladioli and crocuses (""Crocus"") reproduce in a similar way with corms. The most common form of plant reproduction utilized by people is seeds, but a number of asexual methods are utilized which are usually enhancements of natural processes, including: cutting, grafting, budding, layering, division, sectioning of rhizomes, roots, tubers, bulbs, stolons, tillers, etc., and artificial propagation by laboratory tissue cloning. Asexual methods are most often used

female gametes do not fuse, as they do in sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction may occur through budding, fragmentation, fission, spore formation and vegetative propagation. Plants have two main types of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced that are genetically identical clones of the parent individual. Vegetative reproduction invoves a vegetative piece of the original plant (budding, tillering, etc.) and is distinguished from ""apomixis"", which is a replacement for sexual reproduction, and in some cases involves seeds. Apomixis occurs in many plant species and also in some non-plant organisms. For apomixis and similar processes in non-plant organisms, see parthenogenesis.

were acquired from ingested green algae, and in the latter retain a nucleomorph (vestigial nucleus). Green algae are also found symbiotically in the ciliate ""Paramecium"", and in ""Hydra viridissima"" and in flatworms. Some species of green algae, particularly of genera ""Trebouxia"" of the class ""Trebouxiophyceae"" and ""Trentepohlia"" (class Ulvophyceae), can be found in symbiotic associations with fungi to form lichens. In general the fungal species that partner in lichens cannot live on their own, while the algal species is often found living in nature without the fungus. ""Trentepohlia"" is a filamentous green alga that can live independently on humid soil,

with flat cristae. When present, paired flagella are used to move the cell. They are anchored by a cross-shaped system of microtubules and fibrous strands. Flagella are only present in the motile male gametes of charophytes bryophytes, pteridophytes, cycads and ""Ginkgo"", but are absent from the gametes of Pinophyta and flowering plants. Members of the class Chlorophyceae undergo closed mitosis in the most common form of cell division among the green algae, which occurs via a phycoplast. By contrast, charophyte green algae and land plants (embryophytes) undergo open mitosis without centrioles. Instead, a 'raft' of microtubules, the phragmoplast, is formed

"Avatar: The Last Airbender"
sketch to DiMartino, who was watching a documentary about explorers trapped at the South Pole. Konietzko described their early development of the concept; ""There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland ... and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them"". The co-creators successfully pitched the idea to Nickelodeon vice-president and executive producer Eric Coleman two weeks later. The series was introduced to the public in a teaser reel at Comic-Con 2004, and premiered on February 21, 2005. In an interview, Konietzko said: ""Mike and I were really interested in other epic 'Legends

State. Aang strips Ozai of his firebending powers. Zuko is crowned the new Fire Lord and arranges an armistice, establishing peace in the world. The series consists of sixty-one episodes. The first episode—an-hour-long premiere—aired on February 21, 2005, on Nickelodeon. The series concluded with a two-hour television movie broadcast on July 19, 2008. Each season of the series is known as a ""book"", in which each episode is referred to as a ""chapter"". Each book takes its name from one of the elements Aang, the protagonist, must master; Water, Earth, and Fire. The show's first two seasons each consists of

Avatar: The Last Airbender Avatar: The Last Airbender (Avatar: The Legend of Aang in some regions) is an American animated television series that aired for three seasons on Nickelodeon. The series began in February 2005 and concluded with a two-hour episode titled Sozin's Comet in July 2008. ""Avatar: The Last Airbender"" is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people can manipulate the classical elements with psychokinetic variants of the Chinese martial arts known as ""bending"". The series is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of East-and-South Asian, Inuit, and

New World societies. It follows the protagonist, twelve-year-old Aang and his friends, who must bring peace and unity to the world by ending the Fire Lord's war with three nations. The series was commercially successful and was acclaimed by audiences and critics who praised its art direction, humor, cultural references, characters, and themes. It was nominated for—and won—Annie Awards, Genesis Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Peabody Award. The first season's success prompted Nickelodeon to order a second and third season. Merchandising for the series consisted of action figures, a , three video games, stuffed animals distributed by Paramount

"The Last Airbender"
The Last Airbender The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action fantasy adventure film written, co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Based on of the Nickelodeon animated television series """", the film stars Noah Ringer as Aang, with Dev Patel as Prince Zuko, Nicola Peltz as and Jackson Rathbone as Sokka. Development for the film began in 2007. It was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Premiering in New York City on June 30, 2010, it opened the following day in the rest of the US grossing an estimated $16 million. The film was universally panned

twenty episodes and the third season has twenty-one. The entire series has been released on DVD in regions 1, 2 and 4. ""Avatar: The Last Airbender"" was co-created and produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko at Nickelodeon Animation Studios in Burbank, California. Its animation was mostly done by South Korean studios JM Animation, DR Movie, and MOI Animation. According to Konietzko, the series was conceived in early 2001 when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man and imagined the man as a child. He drew the character herding bison in the sky and showed the

world. ""Avatar: The Last Airbender"" was THQ's bestselling Nickelodeon game in 2006 and was one of Sony CEA's Greatest Hits. The series' first season was the basis of the 2010 live-action film ""The Last Airbender"", which was written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It was intended as the first of a trilogy of films, each of which would be based upon one of the three television seasons. The film's reception from critics and fans of the television series was overwhelmingly negative and it considered one of the worst movies ever for the writing, acting, casting, dialogue, source material, and

for many years. In 2018, Michael Dante Dimartino and Bryan Konietzko announced a live-action remake of the animated series on Netflix, effectively cancelling any chance of future films. 15-year-old Sokka and his 14-year-old sister , are near a river at the Southern Water Tribe, a small village in the South Pole. While hunting, they discover an iceberg that when broken open shoots a beam of light into the sky. Inside of the iceberg is a 12-year-old boy named Aang and a giant flying bison named Appa. Unknown to them, Aang is the long-lost Avatar – the only person capable of

sequel. The Last Airbender The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action fantasy adventure film written, co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Based on of the Nickelodeon animated television series """", the film stars Noah Ringer as Aang, with Dev Patel as Prince Zuko, Nicola Peltz as and Jackson Rathbone as Sokka. Development for the film began in 2007. It was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Premiering in New York City on June 30, 2010, it opened the following day in the rest of the US grossing an estimated $16 million. The film was universally

"Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)"
and had a theatrical release on July 1, 2010. The film was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1) Season one (Book One: Water) of """", an American animated television series produced by Nickelodeon Studios, aired 20 episodes from February 21, 2005 to December 2, 2005. The series was created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, and starred Zach Tyler Eisen, Mae Whitman, Jack DeSena, Dante Basco, Dee Bradley Baker, Mako Iwamatsu and Jason Isaacs as the main character voices. The season revolves around the protagonist Aang and his friends and Sokka going on a

"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) played in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as ""play-in games"" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The following sites were selected to host each round of the 2018 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship) For the fourth time, the Alamodome and

"2018 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament"
2018 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament (also known as Motor City Madness) was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Horizon League of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 2 through March 6, 2018 at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit. The tournament was won by No. 2 seed Wright State, who defeated No. 8 seed Cleveland State in the championship game, and received the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament. All 10 teams participated in the tournament. The top six teams received a bye into

"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"
incidentally, jointly owns The CW with the CBS television network's corporate parent CBS Corporation). The new contract came amid serious consideration by the NCAA of expanding the tournament to 68 teams. The agreement, which runs through 2032 (extended from 2024 in 2016), stipulates that all games are available nationally. All First Four games air on truTV. During the first and second rounds, a featured game in each time ""window"" is broadcast terrestrially on CBS, while all other games are shown on TBS, TNT or TruTV. Sweet 16 (regional semifinal) and Elite 8 (regional finals) games are split among CBS and

the quarterfinals. Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. 2018 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament (also known as Motor City Madness) was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Horizon League of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 2 through March 6, 2018 at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit. The tournament was won by No. 2 seed Wright State, who defeated No. 8 seed Cleveland State in the championship game, and received the conference's

NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The

"NCAA basketball tournament selection process"
NCAA basketball tournament selection process The selection process for college basketball's NCAA Division I Men's and Women's Basketball Championships determines which teams (68 men's, 64 women's) will enter the tournaments (the centerpieces of the basketball championship frenzy known as ""March Madness"") and their seedings and matchups in the knockout bracket. Thirty-two teams gain automatic entry through winning their conference's championship. The remaining teams (36 men's, 32 women's) rely on the selection committee to award them an at-large bid in the tournament. The selection process primarily takes place on Selection Sunday and the days leading up to it. Selection Sunday is

bracket as the 16a/16b seeds, and then played the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Opening Round Game (the ""play-in game"") on the Tuesday preceding the first weekend of the tournament. This game was always played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio. During 2011, the tournament expanded to 68 teams. Four ""play-in"" games are now played, officially known as the ""First Four"". However, the teams playing in the First Four are ""not"" automatically seeded #16; their seeding is determined by the committee on Selection Sunday. Explaining the reasoning for this format, selection committee chairman Dan Guerrero said, ""We

"2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament"
Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. The tournament was held over five consecutive days. Teams ranked 10–15 played on the first day; teams ranked 5–9 entered the bracket on the second day, with teams ranked 1–4 entering on the third day (quarterfinals). The semifinals were played on the fourth day, and the finals on the last day. All games will be televised on the ACC Network within the ACC footprint and simulcast nationally on the ESPN networks denoted below. Three games were played in the first round.

"2017 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament"
2017 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament The 2017 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament (also known as Motor City Madness) was the conference tournament for the Horizon League. It was played from March 3 through March 7, 2017 at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit. Northern Kentucky defeated Milwaukee in the championship game to win the tournament championship. As a result, Northern Kentucky received the conference's automatic berth into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with a 59-53 win over Milwaukee. All 10 teams participated in the tournament. The top six teams receive a bye into the quarterfinals. This was

"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
Bradley Center will be used for tournament games, as it is being replaced by the Fiserv Forum in late 2018. The new Fiserv Forum is scheduled to host the tournament in 2022. The tournament also saw a shift in location of first round games from Greensboro, North Carolina to Greenville, South Carolina. Greensboro originally was awarded First and Second Round games, but the games were relocated due to NCAA objections over North Carolina's passage of HB2. This was also the first time a South Carolina venue hosted the tournament in 15 years, after the state removed the Confederate battle flag

Abacus
of the Abacus. Hindu texts used the term ""śūnya"" (zero) to indicate the empty column on the abacus. In Japanese, the abacus is called ""soroban"" (, lit. ""Counting tray""), imported from China in the 14th century. It was probably in use by the working class a century or more before the ruling class started, as the class structure did not allow for devices used by the lower class to be adopted or used by the ruling class. The 1/4 abacus, which is suited to decimal calculation popular appeared circa 1930, and became widespread as the Japanese abandoned hexadecimal weight calculation

Abacus
countries. Merchants, traders and clerks in some parts of Eastern Europe, Russia, China and Africa use abacuses, and they are still used to teach arithmetic to children. Some people who are unable to use a calculator because of visual impairment may use an abacus. The use of the word ""abacus"" dates before 1387 AD, when a Middle English work borrowed the word from Latin to describe a sandboard abacus. The Latin word came from Greek ἄβαξ ""abax"" which means something without base, and improperly, any piece of rectangular board or plank. Alternatively, without reference to ancient texts on etymology, it

Abacus
root and cube root operations at high speed. There are currently schools teaching students how to use it. In the long scroll ""Along the River During the Qingming Festival"" painted by Zhang Zeduan during the Song dynasty (960–1297), a ""suanpan"" is clearly visible beside an account book and doctor's prescriptions on the counter of an apothecary's (Feibao). The similarity of the Roman abacus to the Chinese one suggests that one could have inspired the other, as there is some evidence of a trade relationship between the Roman Empire and China. However, no direct connection can be demonstrated, and the similarity

Abacus
scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions with the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to have been exported to other countries. The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC. Also Demosthenes (384 BC–322 BC) talked of the need to use pebbles for calculations too difficult for your head. A play by Alexis from the 4th century BC mentions an abacus and pebbles for accounting, and both Diogenes and Polybius mention men that sometimes stood for more and sometimes for less, like the

Abacus
of addition and subtraction; however, this primitive device proved difficult to use for more complex calculations"". The use of the abacus in Ancient Egypt is mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus, who writes that the Egyptians manipulated the pebbles from right to left, opposite in direction to the Greek left-to-right method. Archaeologists have found ancient disks of various sizes that are thought to have been used as counters. However, wall depictions of this instrument have not been discovered. During the Achaemenid Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus. Under the Parthian, Sassanian and Iranian empires,

Abacus
a hardwood. The beads are counted by moving them up or down towards the beam; beads moved toward the beam are counted, while those moved away from it are not. The ""suanpan"" can be reset to the starting position instantly by a quick movement along the horizontal axis to spin all the beads away from the horizontal beam at the center. The prototype of the Chinese abacus is the appeared during the Han Dynasty, and the beads are oval. In the Song Dynasty or before used the 4:1 type or four beads abacus similar to the modern abacus or commony

Abacus
The preferred plural of ""abacus"" is a subject of disagreement, with both ""abacuses"" and ""abaci"" (hard ""c"") in use. The user of an abacus is called an ""abacist"". The period 2700–2300 BC saw the first appearance of the Sumerian abacus, a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. Some scholars point to a character from the Babylonian cuneiform which may have been derived from a representation of the abacus. It is the belief of Old Babylonian scholars such as Carruccio that Old Babylonians ""may have used the abacus for the operations

Abacus
archaism and replaced by the handheld calculator. The Russian abacus was brought to France around 1820 by the mathematician Jean-Victor Poncelet, who served in Napoleon's army and had been a prisoner of war in Russia. The abacus had fallen out of use in western Europe in the 16th century with the rise of decimal notation and algorismic methods. To Poncelet's French contemporaries, it was something new. Poncelet used it, not for any applied purpose, but as a teaching and demonstration aid. The Turks and the Armenian people also used abacuses similar to the Russian schoty. It was named a ""coulba""

Abacus
Abacus The abacus (""plural"" abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus is still unknown. Today, abacuses are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. Abacuses come in different designs. Some designs, like the bead frame consisting of beads divided into tens, are used mainly to teach

Abacus
Vase"" was unearthed in 1851. It was covered with pictures including a ""treasurer"" holding a wax tablet in one hand while manipulating counters on a table with the other. The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC. The Chinese abacus, known as the ""suanpan"" (算盤, lit. ""calculating tray""), is typically tall and comes in various widths depending on the operator. It usually has more than seven rods. There are two beads on each rod in the upper deck and five beads each in the bottom. The beads are usually rounded and made of

"2017 SEC Championship Game"
2017 SEC Championship Game The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). This was the first SEC Conference football championship at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The game featured the Eastern Division Champion, 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team against the Western Division Co-Champion, the 2017 Auburn Tigers football team. This championship game was a rematch of their rivalry game, played on November 11, 2017. In that earlier game, Auburn beat Georgia by a score of 40-17. In this rematch, Georgia won the

Kerryon Johnson to fumble the ball, and Roquan Smith again recovered the fumble. Georgia would subsequently score a touchdown on a 4-play, 39-yard drive, capped off by a successful 2-point conversion to put Georgia up 21–7. After the Georgia defense forced Auburn to go three-and-out on their next drive, D'Andre Swift would score on a 64-yard touchdown run to put Georgia up 28–7, the final score of the game. 2017 SEC Championship Game The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference

to see it slip away in the second half as the Auburn Tigers fell to LSU 27–23. The Tigers then defeated conference foes Arkansas and Texas A&M in blowouts before facing AP ranked #2 Georgia on November 11, by which point the Tigers had climbed back up to #10 in the AP Poll. The Tigers dominated the Bulldogs 40–17, and moved up to #6 in the polls as a result. After a tune-up game against Louisiana–Monroe, the #6 Tigers faced #1 ranked Alabama, with the winner going to the SEC Championship. It was the Tigers who prevailed 26–14, setting up

"2017 College Football Playoff National Championship"
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship was a bowl game that was used to determine a national champion of college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2016 season. The game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, on January 9, 2017. It was the culminating game of the 2016–17 bowl season. The game was played between the winners of two pre-designated bowl games played on December 31, 2016: the Clemson Tigers, who defeated the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Fiesta Bowl, and the Alabama Crimson Tide,

"2018 SEC Championship Game"
2018 SEC Championship Game The 2018 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 1, 2018, in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, to determine the 2018 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game featured the East Division champion Georgia against the West Division champion Alabama. The game was televised by CBS for the eighteenth straight year. Alabama came back from a 21–14 halftime deficit to defeat Georgia, 35–28. In the 2017 SEC Championship Game, the East champion Georgia defeated the West champion Auburn 28–7 in a rematch from three weeks prior where Auburn defeated Georgia 40–17. It

before the 2017 title game, following the opening of Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Auburn The Auburn Tigers clinched the SEC Western Division (co-champion) and a spot in the SEC championship game after defeating rival Alabama in the final game of the regular season. The Tigers got off to a slow start, allowing 11 sacks in a 14–6 loss at ACC foe and #3 ranked Clemson. However, the Tigers rebounded by winning four straight games, all blowouts, and were ranked #10 going into a game at LSU, in which Auburn was heavily favored. Auburn built a 20–0 lead in the first half, only

a rematch against Georgia. Georgia The Bulldogs clinched the SEC Eastern Division after beating rival South Carolina on November 4. It was the earliest a spot in the SEC Championship Game had been clinched since 2009. The Bulldogs had a great regular season, going 11–1. In the second game of the year, the Bulldogs defeated Notre Dame 20–19 on a late field goal. Later in September, they defeated #17 ranked Mississippi State 31–3, solidifying themselves as title contenders. After victories over lesser conference foes, the Bulldogs had a chance to clinch the SEC East with a victory over Florida. They

SEC Championship by beating Auburn 28-7. This game marked the first time that any permanent cross division rivals faced off in the SEC Championship Game. This was also the first SEC Championship Game with new SEC on CBS announcer Brad Nessler replacing Verne Lundquist, who retired in 2016. The game was televised nationally by CBS. In the 2016 SEC Championship Game, the western division champion Alabama defeated the eastern division champion Florida 54–16 in a rematch of the 2015 SEC Championship Game. It was the last SEC title game to be held at the Georgia Dome, which was demolished shortly

"SEC Championship Game"
SEC Championship Game The SEC Championship Game is an annual American football game that has determined the Southeastern Conference's season champion since 1992. The championship game pits the SEC West Division regular season champion against the East Division regular season champion. Since 2007, the game has typically been played on the first Saturday of December, and the game has been held in Atlanta since 1994, first at the Georgia Dome, and at Mercedes-Benz Stadium since 2017. Ten of the fourteen current SEC members have played in the SEC Championship Game. Kentucky and Vanderbilt have yet to reach the game from

"2017 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament"
Arkansas, the most of any school. Original members Georgia and Kentucky along with 1993 addition Arkansas have never won the tournament. This is the nineteenth consecutive year and twenty-first overall that the event has been held at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium, known from 2007 through 2012 as Regions Park. Texas A&M joined in 2013, and won its first title in 2016. Missouri, which also joined in 2013, has yet to win the event. The regular season division winners claimed the top two seeds and the next ten teams by conference winning percentage, regardless of division, claimed the remaining berths in the

who sang the song if loving you is wrong i don't want to be right

"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"
(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right ""(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"" is a song written by Stax Records songwriters Homer Banks, Carl Hampton and Raymond Jackson. Originally written for The Emotions, it has been performed by many singers, most notably by Luther Ingram, whose original recorded version topped the R&B chart for four weeks and rose to number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in 1972. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 16 song for 1972. In 1972/73, The Faces recorded the song as an outtake for ""Ooh

Bobby ""Blue"" Bland, David Ruffin, LeAnn Rimes, Renée Geyer, Ramsey Lewis, reggae singer Alton Ellis, Tom Jones, Cassandra Wilson, Nathan Cavaleri, Rania Zeriri and Johanne Desforges (French cover : Si je ne peux t'aimer a quoi bon exister). (If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right ""(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"" is a song written by Stax Records songwriters Homer Banks, Carl Hampton and Raymond Jackson. Originally written for The Emotions, it has been performed by many singers, most notably by Luther Ingram, whose original recorded version topped the R&B chart

"Luther Ingram"
March 19, 2007, at a Belleville, Illinois, hospital of heart failure. According to his wife Jacqui Ingram, he had suffered for years from diabetes, kidney disease and partial blindness. Luther Ingram Luther Ingram (November 30, 1937 – March 19, 2007) was an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter. His most successful record, ""(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"", reached no. 1 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart and no. 3 on the Hot 100 in 1972. Born Luther Thomas Ingram in Jackson, Tennessee, his early interest in music led to him making his first record in 1965

Luther Ingram Luther Ingram (November 30, 1937 – March 19, 2007) was an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter. His most successful record, ""(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"", reached no. 1 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart and no. 3 on the Hot 100 in 1972. Born Luther Thomas Ingram in Jackson, Tennessee, his early interest in music led to him making his first record in 1965 at the age of 28. His first three recordings failed to chart but that changed when he signed for KoKo Records in the late 1960s, and his first hit

La La"", their final studio album. In 1974, Millie Jackson released her version of the song which received two Grammy Award nominations. In 1978, Barbara Mandrell's version topped the U.S. country singles charts, reached number 31 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, number 27 on Cashbox Pop Hits, and was nominated for Single of the Year at the 1979 CMA (Country Music Association) Awards. Rod Stewart re-recorded the song for ""Foot Loose & Fancy Free"", his eighth album; released as a single it peaked at #23 in the UK singles chart in 1980. The song is about an adulterous love affair,

"Right to Be Wrong"
Right to Be Wrong ""Right to Be Wrong"" is a song by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone from her second studio album, ""Mind Body & Soul"" (2004). Written by Stone, Desmond Child and Betty Wright, the track was released in the United Kingdom on 29 November 2004 as the album's second single. It peaked at number twenty-nine on the UK Singles Chart, where it stayed for six weeks. It was later included on the 2011 compilation album ""The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009"". The song was covered in Spanish by Mexican rock singer Alejandra Guzmán on her 2004 album

"David Peaston"
David Peaston David Peaston (March 13, 1957 – February 1, 2012) was an American R&B and gospel singer who in 1990 won a Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist. He was mostly known for the singles, ""Two Wrongs (Don't Make it Right)"" and ""Can I?"", the latter of which was originally recorded by Eddie Kendricks. He was a native of Saint Louis, Missouri. As a child, he attended the Pleasant Green Missionary Baptist Church along with his mother, Martha Bass, a member of The Clara Ward Singers gospel group. His sister was R&B/soul singer Fontella

running time of over 11 minutes. The first and third parts include the song more or less as originally written, while the second part was written by Jackson herself. Titled ""The Rap,"" the middle segment is a monologue in which an unrepentant Jackson discusses her status as the ""other woman"" and why she loves it. Although it was first recorded by The Emotions and Veda Brown, those recordings were never released. Other notable singers to cover it include country singer Jackie Burns (whose version made the Hot Country Songs chart in 1972), Isaac Hayes, Millie Jackson, Rod Stewart, Percy Sledge,

"Wrong (Waylon Jennings song)"
Wrong (Waylon Jennings song) ""Wrong"" is a song written by Steve Seskin and Andre Pessis, and recorded by American country music singer Waylon Jennings. It was released in May 1990 as the first single from his album ""The Eagle"". ""Wrong"" spent twenty-one weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts and peaked at number five. The song was the last top ten hit of his career, and his first since ""Rough and Rowdy Days"" three years previous. Only one of his other singles for Epic, ""The Eagle"", made the top 40 on the same chart. ""Wrong"" was also the b-side to

the album's third single, ""What Bothers Me Most"". Wrong (Waylon Jennings song) ""Wrong"" is a song written by Steve Seskin and Andre Pessis, and recorded by American country music singer Waylon Jennings. It was released in May 1990 as the first single from his album ""The Eagle"". ""Wrong"" spent twenty-one weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts and peaked at number five. The song was the last top ten hit of his career, and his first since ""Rough and Rowdy Days"" three years previous. Only one of his other singles for Epic, ""The Eagle"", made the top 40 on the

nation's founding principles. He famously expressed this belief in the opening sentence of his 1863 Gettysburg Address: ""Four score and seven years ago [i.e. in 1776] our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."" Lincoln's view of the Declaration became influential, seeing it as a moral guide to interpreting the Constitution. ""For most people now,"" wrote Garry Wills in 1992, ""the Declaration means what Lincoln told us it means, as a way of correcting the Constitution itself without overthrowing it."" Admirers of Lincoln such

""and women"" are created equal"" and the convention demanded suffrage for women. The suffrage movement was supported by William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass. The Declaration was chosen to be the first digitized text (1971). The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence was dedicated in 1984 in Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., where the signatures of all the original signers are carved in stone with their names, places of residence, and occupations. The new One World Trade Center building in New York City (2014) is 1776 feet high to symbolize the year

States by listing colonial grievances against King George III and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution. Its original purpose was to announce independence, and references to the text of the Declaration were few in the following years. Abraham Lincoln made it the centerpiece of his policies and his rhetoric, as in the Gettysburg Address of 1863. Since then, it has become a well-known statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable

Talmud
called (), a Hebrew abbreviation of """", or the ""six orders"" of the Mishnah. The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, year 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (circa year 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. The term ""Talmud"" may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together. The entire Talmud consists of 63 tractates, and in standard print is over 6,200 pages long. It is written in Mishnaic

Talmud
Talmud The Talmud (; Hebrew: """") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (""halakha"") and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to ""all Jewish thought and aspirations"", serving also as ""the guide for the daily life"" of Jews. The term ""Talmud"" normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud ""(Talmud Bavli)"", although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (""Talmud Yerushalmi""). It may also traditionally be

Talmud
though not all tractates have Gemara. Each tractate is divided into chapters (""perakim""; singular: ""perek""), 517 in total, that are both numbered according to the Hebrew alphabet and given names, usually using the first one or two words in the first mishnah. A ""perek"" may continue over several (up to tens of) pages. Each ""perek"" will contain several ""mishnayot"". The Mishnah is a compilation of legal opinions and debates. Statements in the Mishnah are typically terse, recording brief opinions of the rabbis debating a subject; or recording only an unattributed ruling, apparently representing a consensus view. The rabbis recorded in

Talmud
and discussed that work. These discussions form the Gemara. The Gemara mainly focuses on elucidating and elaborating the opinions of the Tannaim. The rabbis of the Gemara are known as (sing. """" ). Much of the Gemara consists of legal analysis. The starting point for the analysis is usually a legal statement found in a Mishnah. The statement is then analyzed and compared with other statements used in different approaches to biblical exegesis in rabbinic Judaism (or - simpler - interpretation of text in Torah study) exchanges between two (frequently anonymous and sometimes metaphorical) disputants, termed the ' (questioner) and

Talmud
to that of the Jerusalem version, making it more accessible and readily usable. According to Maimonides (whose life began almost a hundred years after the end of the Gaonic era), all Jewish communities during the Gaonic era formally accepted the Babylonian Talmud as binding upon themselves, and modern Jewish practice follows the Babylonian Talmud's conclusions on all areas in which the two Talmuds conflict. The structure of the Talmud follows that of the Mishnah, in which six orders (""sedarim""; singular: ""seder"") of general subject matter are divided into 60 or 63 tractates (""masekhtot""; singular: ""masekhet"") of more focused subject compilations,

Talmud
the Gemara are in either Mishnaic or Biblical Hebrew. The rest of the Gemara, including the discussions of the Amoraim and the overall framework, is in a characteristic dialect of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. There are occasional quotations from older works in other dialects of Aramaic, such as Megillat Taanit. Overall, Hebrew constitutes somewhat less than half of the text of the Talmud. This difference in language is due to the long time period elapsing between the two compilations. During the period of the Tannaim (rabbis cited in the Mishnah), a late form of Hebrew known as Rabbinic or Mishnaic Hebrew

Talmud
its present form is not settled among modern scholars. Some, like Louis Jacobs, argue that the main body of the Gemara is not simple reportage of conversations, as it purports to be, but a highly elaborate structure contrived by the ""Savoraim"" (roughly 500–650 CE), who must therefore be regarded as the real authors. On this view the text did not reach its final form until around 700. Some modern scholars use the term ""Stammaim"" (from the Hebrew ""Stam"", meaning ""closed"", ""vague"" or ""unattributed"") for the authors of unattributed statements in the Gemara. (See eras within Jewish law.) There are significant

Talmud
Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and contains the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis (dating from before the Common Era through to the fifth century) on a variety of subjects, including ""halakha"", Jewish ethics, philosophy, customs, history, lore and many other topics. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law, and is widely quoted in rabbinic literature. Talmud translates as ""instruction, learning"", from a root "" ""teach, study"". Originally, Jewish scholarship was oral. Rabbis expounded and debated the Torah (the written Torah expressed in the Hebrew Bible) and discussed the Tanakh without the benefit of written

Talmud
the Mishnah are known as the Tannaim. Since it sequences its laws by subject matter instead of by biblical context, the Mishnah discusses individual subjects more thoroughly than the Midrash, and it includes a much broader selection of halakhic subjects than the Midrash. The Mishnah's topical organization thus became the framework of the Talmud as a whole. But not every tractate in the Mishnah has a corresponding Gemara. Also, the order of the tractates in the Talmud differs in some cases from that in the ""Mishnah"". In addition to the Mishnah, other tannaitic teachings were current at about the same

Talmud
of Jewish religious teachings and commentary that was transmitted orally for centuries prior to its compilation by Jewish scholars in the Land of Israel. It is a compilation of teachings of the schools of Tiberias, Sepphoris and Caesarea. It is written largely in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, a Western Aramaic language that differs from its Babylonian counterpart. This Talmud is a synopsis of the analysis of the Mishnah that was developed over the course of nearly 200 years by the Academies in Galilee (principally those of Tiberias and Caesarea.) Because of their location, the sages of these Academies devoted considerable attention

"Ed, Edd n Eddy"
all share variations of the name Ed, but differ greatly in their personalities: Ed (voiced by Matt Hill) is the strong, dim-witted dogsbody of the group; Edd (Samuel Vincent), called Double D, is an inventor, neat freak, and the most intelligent of the Eds; and Eddy (Tony Sampson) is a devious, quick-tempered, bitter con artist, and self-appointed leader of the Eds. The three devise plans to scam the cul-de-sac kids out of their money, which they want to use to buy jawbreakers. However, problems always ensue, and the Eds' schemes usually end in failure and humiliation. The cul-de-sac kids do

"Peter Kelamis"
Peter Kelamis Peter Kelamis (born December 11, 1967) is an Australian-born Canadian actor, voice actor and comedian. He is arguably best known for playing Tail Terrier in ""Krypto the Superdog"", Dr. Adam Brody in ""Stargate Universe"", Goku in Ocean's English dubs of the animated series ""Dragon Ball Z"", and Rolf from ""Ed, Edd n Eddy"". Some of his appearances on TV were in ""Eureka, The Outer Limits, Corner Gas, Sliders, Stargate SG-1, Stargate Universe, The Sentinel"", ""NCIS"" and ""The X-Files"". Film appearances include; ""Happy Gilmore"", ""Fear of Flying"", ""I'll Be Home for Christmas"", ""Best in Show"", ""The Sport Pages: The

not include the Eds as part of their group, making the trio outcasts. The group of kids consist of: Jonny 2×4 (David Paul ""Buck"" Grove) is a loner whom his peers consider to be a nuisance, and spends most of his time with his imaginary friend, a wooden board named Plank; Jimmy (Keenan Christensen) is a weak, insecure, and innocent yet accident-prone child, who is most often seen spending his time with Sarah (Janyse Jaud), Ed's spoiled and ill-tempered younger sister; Rolf (Peter Kelamis) is an immigrant, who often participates in unconventional customs; Kevin (Kathleen Barr) is a cynical and

Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show"" served as the series' finale and premiered in the United States on November 8, 2009; although it had completed production a year earlier and first aired in Scandinavia, Australia, and Southeast Asia. The plot focuses on the Eds' search for Eddy's Brother, a character mentioned several times throughout the series, but never seen until the film. He is voiced by series voice director Terry Klassen. The film was directed by Antonucci, who also co-wrote the script with Rachel Connor, Jono Howard, Mike Kubat, and Stacy Warnick. The story was written by Joel Dickie, Steve

"Edward Elric"
in the same way as villains with the series, he is always supported by Alphonse who makes sure he is okay. Judge Joel Pearce from DVD Verdict commented on Edward's journey, considering it very complex morally because he is trying to do good within a morally questionable organization. Lydia Hojnacki listed Ed as one of the reasons she likes ""Fullmetal Alchemist"", noting the progression of the character's personality throughout the series, from simple maturity to a deeper sensitivity. The character was noted to go through a notable development in the manga after meeting his father by Holly Ellingwood from Active

company rather than Cartoon Network's Hanna-Barbera. The series also entered production and bypassed a seven-minute short; this marked the first time that one of the studio's original series had ever done this. According to Antonucci, he based the characters on real people in his life. The personalities of Ed, Double D, and Eddy are based on his own traits as well as the activities of his two sons, while the cul-de-sac children and the Kanker sisters were all based on children he grew up with. Rolf is based on Antonucci and his cousins, since he was part of an Italian

"After Ever After"
riding, Tad went into sudden liver failure, and died soon after. The story ends with Jeffrey passing the tests, at graduation, and accepting both his and Tad's diplomas. In the epilogue, he is at Tad's headstone, having a ""conversation"" with him. His girlfriend Lindsey walks up to him, and they walk away, together holding hands. Jeffrey Alper: The main protagonist in the story. When he was four, he had Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Now he is in the eighth grade, and still has long-term effects from cancer such as having a limp in one of his legs, shaky hands, and not

"Ed's Redeeming Qualities"
which they also briefly appeared. Their songs were often funny and strange story-songs or character sketches. Some highlights include Neno's ""Lawyers and Truckers"" and ""Lawn Dart"", and Leone's ""Spoken Word."" Though the band has officially broken up, some members of the group still occasionally get together for reunion concerts every few years or so. After the band's breakup, Carrie Bradley went on to form the band 100 Watt Smile, which released two albums in the late 1990s. Dan Leone and Jonah Winter went on to writing careers, and Neno Perrotta published a book of poetry. The Presidents of the United

"John Ingle"
John Ingle John Houston Ingle (May 7, 1928 – September 16, 2012) was an American actor best known for his roles as scheming patriarch Edward Quartermaine in the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"" and Mr. Threehorn, the father of the main character Cera in the Land Before Time. A retired school teacher, Ingle began mainstream acting in 1985 doing various guest appearances. In 1993, he took over the role of Edward Quartermaine in ""General Hospital"". He had appeared on ""General Hospital"" in the late 1980s as a W.S.B. associate of Anna Devane. In December 2003, Ingle was fired and Edward

"Edward Quartermaine"
deal with Edward, he blackamiled her to cooperate. Edward had a stroke while arguing with Skye, lapsing into a coma. Uncertain of Edward's chances of a recovery, Lila appointed Ned CEO of ELQ. Ned found out about Skye and Edward's agreement, and Skye was forced to tell Jax. Hurt, Jax broke up with Skye. In a drunken stupor, Skye was afraid that she'd pulled the plug on Edward's life support and went to Jax for help. Jax and Ned staged an argument in Edward's hospital room and tricked him into coming out of his ""coma,"" which they knew was a

Retina
of the forkhead transcription factors FOXD1 and FOXG1. Additional gradients are formed within the retina that aid in proper targeting of RGC axons that function to establish the retinotopic map. The retina is stratified into distinct layers, each containing specific cell types or cellular compartments that have metabolisms with different nutritional requirements. To satisfy these requirements, the ophthalmic artery bifurcates and supplies the retina via two distinct vascular networks: the choroidal network, which supplies the choroid and the outer retina, and the retinal network, which supplies the retina's inner layer. At first glance, one may think that the vertebrate retina

"Retinal nerve fiber layer"
Retinal nerve fiber layer The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the optic disc, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the

that may generate micro bubble that can clog micro vessels. Retinal nerve fiber layer The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the optic disc, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles,

small area surrounding it are not supplied by the central retinal artery or its branches, but instead by the choroid. The central retinal artery is approximately 160 micrometres in diameter. In some cases - approximately 20% of the population - there is a branch of the ciliary circulation called the cilio-retinal artery which supplies the retina between the macula and the optic nerve, including the nerve fibers from the foveal photoreceptors. If this artery is present, the central vision will be preserved even in case of CRAO. The central retinal artery is formed from the proximal part of the hyaloid

Retina
The vertebrate retina has ten distinct layers. From closest to farthest from the vitreous body: These layers can be grouped into 4 main processing stages: photoreception; transmission to bipolar cells; transmission to ganglion cells, which also contain photoreceptors, the photosensitive ganglion cells; and transmission along the optic nerve. At each synaptic stage there are also laterally connecting horizontal and amacrine cells. The optic nerve is a central tract of many axons of ganglion cells connecting primarily to the lateral geniculate body, a visual relay station in the diencephalon (the rear of the forebrain). It also projects to the superior colliculus,

Retina
the temporal half of the other eye before passing into the lateral geniculate body. Although there are more than 130 million retinal receptors, there are only approximately 1.2 million fibres (axons) in the optic nerve. So, a large amount of pre-processing is performed within the retina. The fovea produces the most accurate information. Despite occupying about 0.01% of the visual field (less than 2° of visual angle), about 10% of axons in the optic nerve are devoted to the fovea. The resolution limit of the fovea has been determined to be around 10,000 points. The information capacity is estimated at

who is responsible for introducing the principle of uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism
geologists now, however, no longer hold to a strict theory of gradualism. Coined by William Whewell, the word was proposed in contrast to catastrophism by British naturalists in the late 18th century, starting with the work of the geologist James Hutton in his many books including ""Theory of the Earth"". Hutton's work was later refined by scientist John Playfair and popularised by geologist Charles Lyell's ""Principles of Geology"" in 1830. Today, Earth's history is considered to have been a slow, gradual process, punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic events. The earlier conceptions likely had little influence on 18th-century European geological explanations

areas. In Britain, geologists adapted this idea into ""diluvial theory"" which proposed repeated worldwide annihilation and creation of new fixed species adapted to a changed environment, initially identifying the most recent catastrophe as the biblical flood. From 1830 to 1833 Charles Lyell's multi-volume ""Principles of Geology"" was published. The work's subtitle was ""An attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation"". He drew his explanations from field studies conducted directly before he went to work on the founding geology text, and developed Hutton's idea that the earth was shaped entirely by

recalled that ""the mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time"", and Hutton concluded a 1788 paper he presented at the Royal Society of Edinburgh, later rewritten as a book, with the phrase ""we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end"". Both Playfair and Hall wrote their own books on the theory, and for decades robust debate continued between Hutton's supporters and the Neptunists. Georges Cuvier's paleontological work in the 1790s, which established the reality of extinction, explained this by local catastrophes, after which other fixed species repopulated the affected

for the formation of Earth. Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817) proposed Neptunism, where strata represented deposits from shrinking seas precipitated onto primordial rocks such as granite. In 1785 James Hutton proposed an opposing, self-maintaining infinite cycle based on natural history and not on the Biblical account. Hutton then sought evidence to support his idea that there must have been repeated cycles, each involving deposition on the seabed, uplift with tilting and erosion, and then moving undersea again for further layers to be deposited. At Glen Tilt in the Cairngorm mountains he found granite penetrating metamorphic schists, in a way which indicated

"James Hutton"
James Hutton James Hutton (; 3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist. He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a science, and as a result he is referred to as the ""Father of Modern Geology"". Through observation and carefully reasoned geological arguments, Hutton came to believe that the Earth was perpetually being formed; he recognised that the history of Earth could be determined by understanding how

in the 19th century. James Hutton James Hutton (; 3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist. He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a science, and as a result he is referred to as the ""Father of Modern Geology"". Through observation and carefully reasoned geological arguments, Hutton came to believe that the Earth was perpetually being formed; he recognised that the history of Earth could be

cases, accepted by few. These hypotheses are judged true or false on empirical grounds through scientific observation and repeated experimental data. This is in contrast with the previous two philosophical assumptions that come before one can do science and so cannot be tested or falsified by science. Stephen Jay Gould's first scientific paper, ""Is uniformitarianism necessary?"" (1965), reduced these four assumptions to two. He dismissed the first principle, which asserted spatial and temporal invariance of natural laws, as no longer an issue of debate. He rejected the third (uniformity of rate) as an unjustified limitation on scientific inquiry, as it

Gradualism
biology and formed the basis of early evolutionary theory. Charles Darwin was influenced by Lyell's ""Principles of Geology"", which explained both uniformitarian methodology and theory. Using uniformitarianism, which states that one cannot make an appeal to any force or phenomenon which cannot presently be observed (see catastrophism), Darwin theorized that the evolutionary process must occur gradually, not in saltations, since saltations are not presently observed, and extreme deviations from the usual phenotypic variation would be more likely to be selected against. Gradualism is often confused with the concept of phyletic gradualism. It is a term coined by Stephen Jay Gould

persisted to our present day. For more than a century, Lyell's rhetoric conflating axiom with hypotheses has descended in unmodified form. Many geologists have been stifled by the belief that proper methodology includes an a priori commitment to gradual change, and by a preference for explaining large-scale phenomena as the concatenation of innumerable tiny changes."" The current consensus is that Earth's history is a slow, gradual process punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic events that have affected Earth and its inhabitants. In practice it is reduced from Lyell's conflation, or blending, to simply the two philosophical assumptions. This is also known

slow-moving forces still in operation today, acting over a very long period of time. The terms ""uniformitarianism"" for this idea, and ""catastrophism"" for the opposing viewpoint, were coined by William Whewell in a review of Lyell's book. ""Principles of Geology"" was the most influential geological work in the middle of the 19th century. Geoscientists support diverse systems of Earth history, the nature of which rest on a certain mixture of views about process, control, rate, and state which are preferred. Because geologists and geomorphologists tend to adopt opposite views over process, rate and state in the inorganic world, there are

"Dan Haggerty"
Dan Haggerty Daniel Francis Haggerty (November 19, 1941 – January 15, 2016) was an American actor who playing the title role in the film and television series ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"". Haggerty's birthplace is given by some sources as Pound, Wisconsin, or as Los Angeles, California, by others, and his birth year is alternately reported as 1941 His parents separated when he was 3. Haggerty grew up in a family that owned and operated a small wild animal attraction where he helped raise wild animals, including a black bear that performed tricks. After high school, he pursued

series was halted while Haggerty recovered. In 1991, Haggerty was again hospitalized after a motorcycle accident left him in a coma, recovering with no aftereffects. Haggerty was diagnosed with spinal cancer after undergoing back surgery, when a tumor on his spine was discovered in August 2015. He died of spinal cancer on January 15, 2016, in Burbank, California. Dan Haggerty Daniel Francis Haggerty (November 19, 1941 – January 15, 2016) was an American actor who playing the title role in the film and television series ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"". Haggerty's birthplace is given by some sources as

"Don Shanks (stuntman)"
as an Indian chief. It was released in the U.S. on February 9, 2007. Don Shanks (stuntman) Donald L. ""Don"" Shanks (born February 26, 1950) is an American actor and stuntman, known for his role as Michael Myers in """", and Nakoma, the Native American friend of the title character in the 1977 television series ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"". Shanks was born in Piasa, Illinois. In 1950, Shanks portrayed Michael Myers in """". In 2006, he appeared as Ben Willis, the infamous serial killer in the film ""I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer"". Shanks, who

Don Shanks (stuntman) Donald L. ""Don"" Shanks (born February 26, 1950) is an American actor and stuntman, known for his role as Michael Myers in """", and Nakoma, the Native American friend of the title character in the 1977 television series ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"". Shanks was born in Piasa, Illinois. In 1950, Shanks portrayed Michael Myers in """". In 2006, he appeared as Ben Willis, the infamous serial killer in the film ""I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer"". Shanks, who is of Cherokee and Illini descent, appeared in the film ""The Last Sin Eater""

"Charles Sellier"
Charles Sellier Charles Edward Sellier Jr. (November 9, 1943 – January 31, 2011) was an American television producer, screenwriter, novelist and director, best known for creating the American book and television series ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"". He was also known for directing the notorious Christmas themed slasher film ""Silent Night, Deadly Night"" He also wrote and produced more than thirty films and 230 television shows during his career, which spanned four decades. Sellier was born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, on November 9, 1943. He was the only son of Charles Edward Senior and Gladys Carson Sellier. His father

"John ""Grizzly"" Adams"
John ""Grizzly"" Adams John ""Grizzly"" Adams (also known as James Capen Adams and Grizzly Adams) (1812–1860) was a famous California mountain man and trainer of grizzly bears and other wild animals he captured for menageries, zoological gardens and circuses. In the 1970s the motion picture ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"" starring Dan Haggerty was released. An NBC TV series of the same name starring Haggerty followed. Grizzly Adams was of English ancestry. Born and raised in Medway, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, he received little to no education. Adams began as an apprentice in the footwear manufacturing industry

"The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"
The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams is a 1974 independent feature film inspired by a 1972 historical fiction novella written by Charles E. Sellier Jr.. The film's popularity led to an NBC television series of the same name. The title character, played by Dan Haggerty, was loosely based on California mountain man James ""Grizzly"" Adams (1812-1860). The film and TV series portrayed the fictional Grizzly Adams as a frontier woodsman who fled into the mountains after he was wrongly accused of murder. While struggling to survive, Adams saves an orphaned grizzly bear

Adams the year he died. He was the central character in Charles E. Sellier's 1972 novel ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams."" As a character in film and television, Adams has been played by: Children's Book: John ""Grizzly"" Adams John ""Grizzly"" Adams (also known as James Capen Adams and Grizzly Adams) (1812–1860) was a famous California mountain man and trainer of grizzly bears and other wild animals he captured for menageries, zoological gardens and circuses. In the 1970s the motion picture ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"" starring Dan Haggerty was released. An NBC TV series of the

in 1982. On November 12, 2013, CBS Home Entertainment released ""The Capture of Grizzly Adams"" on DVD in Region 1. Dan Haggerty also played Jeremiah, a modern-day version of Grizzly Adams, in the films ""Grizzly Mountain"" (1997) and ""Escape to Grizzly Mountain"" (2000). The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams is a 1974 independent feature film inspired by a 1972 historical fiction novella written by Charles E. Sellier Jr.. The film's popularity led to an NBC television series of the same name. The title character, played by Dan Haggerty, was loosely based on

worked as a shipping clerk. Sellier was born as a Cajun Catholic, later converting to Mormonism and then to evangelical Christianity. ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"", which aired on NBC during the 1977–1978 television season, depicted a character, portrayed by actor Dan Haggerty, who escapes a bounty hunter and rescues a bear cub who becomes his constant companion in the series. Sellier had first introduced the character in his 1972 novel, ""The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams"", loosely based on the real-life 19th century mountain man, James ""Grizzly"" Adams. The series was produced by Sunn Classic Pictures,

"Delano Las Vegas"
during renovations. The Delano held its grand opening ceremonies in September 2014. The hotel includes an Alain Ducasse restaurant called ""Rivea"" and a lounge called ""Skyfall"", both located at the top of the hotel. On May 23, 2002, the Mandalay Resort Group announced plans to build a 1,122-room all-suite hotel tower. The 41-story tower would connect to the company's Mandalay Bay resort on the Las Vegas Strip. The new tower's target clientele was attendees to the resort's Mandalay Convention Center, scheduled to open in January 2003. The tower would cost between $200 million and $225 million, with groundbreaking scheduled for

the Delano rooms remained among the largest standard rooms of any hotel on the Las Vegas Strip. Rooms included 28 penthouses, and dog-friendly suites. Delano Las Vegas Delano Las Vegas (formerly known as THEhotel) is a 43-story 1,118 room luxury suite hotel. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. It is located within the Mandalay Bay complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It opened on December 17, 2003, as ""THEhotel at Mandalay Bay."" In 2012, owner MGM Resorts International announced a partnership with Morgans Hotel Group to rebrand the hotel as Delano Las Vegas. Construction

Delano Las Vegas Delano Las Vegas (formerly known as THEhotel) is a 43-story 1,118 room luxury suite hotel. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. It is located within the Mandalay Bay complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It opened on December 17, 2003, as ""THEhotel at Mandalay Bay."" In 2012, owner MGM Resorts International announced a partnership with Morgans Hotel Group to rebrand the hotel as Delano Las Vegas. Construction to rebrand the hotel began in April 2014. Several floors were worked on at a time, allowing much of the hotel to remain open

restaurant, and a lobby. Floors 3 through 6 contained 80 business suites as well as conference space. The tower's regular suites were located on floors 7 through 38, while floors 39 through 41 contained VIP suites from to . The 24-hour restaurant, known as The Cafe, had seating for 150 people. A $25 million spa was expected to open in the first quarter of 2004. Mix, a restaurant and lounge by Alain Ducasse, opened in December 2004 on the 43rd floor. The restaurant included seating for 240 people, and floor-to-ceiling windows that provided a view of the Las Vegas Strip,

"Park MGM"
Park MGM Park MGM, formerly Monte Carlo Resort and Casino, is a megaresort hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The hotel, with a height of , has 32 floors, featuring a casino floor with 1,400 slot machines, 60 table games, and 15 poker tables. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The hotel offers 2,992 guest rooms, including 259 luxury suites. The Monte Carlo was converted into Park MGM between late 2016 and 2018, with the upper floors being converted into a boutique hotel, NoMad Las Vegas. The hotel, formerly named

while the lounge included an outdoor patio area. The restaurant also included a $500,000 chandelier made of 13,000 glass bulbs. The spa, known as The Bathhouse, contained . Men made up 40 percent of the spa's clientele. A new restaurant, the 140-seat Delia's Kitchen, opened along with the Delano in September 2014. A greenhouse was built at the hotel to provide the restaurant with fresh herbs. Also opened in the lobby was a coffee bar, 3940 Coffee + Tea, named after the hotel's address. In April 2015, the hotel opened its Delano Beach Club to guests. The club included 16

separate property from the Mandalay Bay, and would have its own porte-cochère, check-in area, restaurants, employee uniforms, and spa. The tower was topped off on October 17, 2003, and Mandalay Resort Group announced that the tower's name would be spelled ""THEhotel at Mandalay Bay"". The hotel hosted more than 100 local reporters for a media preview the night before its official opening on December 17, 2003. The hotel did not have gambling, but provided access to the nearby casino at the Mandalay Bay. Although the gold-paned, 43-story tower had the same exterior appearance as the main resort, its interior design

"Hotel del Coronado"
by the Blackstone Group LP (60%), Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. (34.5%), and KSL Resorts (5.5%). When Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. bought its stake in 2006, the hotel was valued at $745 million; as of 2011, the hotel was valued at roughly $590 million. In 2014, Strategic Hotels & Resorts became full owners of the hotel. In December 2015, Blackstone purchased Strategic Hotels & Resorts. In March 2016, Blackstone sold Strategic Hotels & Resorts to Anbang Insurance Group, a Beijing-based Chinese insurance company, in a $6.5 billion deal involving multiple resorts. Anbang thus bought 16 luxury American hotel properties

grand-opening party was held on September 18, 2014, with Samantha Ronson as DJ and a performance by Magic!. The party was also attended by Charlotte Ronson and actress Jaime King. The hotel's penthouses were the last remaining rooms to undergo renovations, with completion expected for October 2014. The new property was inspired by the Delano South Beach in Miami, while also having a Mojave Desert theme in addition to an abundance of white coloring. Delano Las Vegas is also an homage to 32nd U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and included the Franklin lounge as well as iceboxes resembling Roosevelt's hat

and spent $2 million on refurbishment and redecorating. Alessio sold the hotel to M. Larry Lawrence in 1963. Lawrence's initial plan was to develop the land around the hotel and ultimately, to demolish it. Lawrence later changed his mind. During his tenure, Lawrence invested $150 million to refurbish and expand much of the hotel. He doubled its capacity to 700 rooms. He added the Grande Hall Convention Center and two seven-story Ocean Towers just south of the hotel. The Lawrence family sold the hotel to the Travelers Group after Lawrence's death in 1996. The Travelers Group completed a $55 million

"Crowne Plaza Hotel, Times Square"
Crowne Plaza Hotel, Times Square Crowne Plaza Times Square is a 795-room hotel situated in the Times Square area of New York City's midtown Manhattan, located at 1601 Broadway, between W48th and W49th Streets. At 480 feet (146 meters), with 46 floors, it is the 94th tallest hotel in the world, the 29th tallest hotel in the United States, and the 15th-tallest hotel in New York City. The hotel was designed by The Alan Lapidus Group, completed in 1989 and opened in 1990. The hotel is a mixed-use skyscraper with the 795-key Crowne Plaza hotel, 7,700 square feet of retail

a couple of years the brand was spun off as an independent chain (still owned at the time by Holiday Inn). The first Crowne Plaza Resort opened in Madeira, Portugal, in 1999. Today, the brand represents 410 hotels globally in 52 countries with 112,317 rooms (as of March 2016) and an expanding 81 hotels in the pipeline. Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts is the title sponsor of the Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial - a PGA Tour golf tournament held annually in Fort Worth, Texas. Starting in 2012, they are also officially sponsoring PGA Tour's 2010's Rookie of the Year,

"Crown American"
Crown American Crown American is a privately held American company that manages and develops commercial real estate. The corporate headquarters is in downtown Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in a building designed by architect Michael Graves. The company was founded in 1950 as Crown Construction. Frank J. Pasquerilla, who joined less than a year later, became president in 1956 and sole owner in 1961. The company's name was changed to Crown American in 1972 and in 1979 it acquired the Hess's department store chain. In 1993, the company split into two entities. The shopping mall portion of the company became a publicly held

"Crowne Plaza Cleveland at Playhouse Square"
Crowne Plaza Cleveland at Playhouse Square The Crowne Plaza Cleveland at Playhouse Square is a 14-story Crowne Plaza hotel in downtown Cleveland's Playhouse Square district, located at the intersection of Huron Road and Euclid Avenue. Originally known as the Wyndham Cleveland at Playhouse Square, the structure helped to complete the revitalization of Playhouse Square. It changed brand names in August 2017. The site of the hotel was occupied by the Euclid Point Building (also known more simply as the ""Point Building""), which began construction in 1907 at the intersection of Huron Road and Euclid Avenue (1260 Euclid Avenue). The large

space, 197,000 square feet of office space, and a 159-space parking garage. New York's largest conference center, the American Management Association's Executive Conference Center, is on the sixth through eighth floors with a total of 88,066 square feet. Learning Tree International has 25,000 square feet; the New York Sports Club has 28,418 square feet; and the Hershey Company has 7,000 square feet of retail space on street level. The hotel is the flagship of the Crowne Plaza brand. In 2008, the hotel underwent an $85 million renovation which revamped the lobby, restaurant and bar areas, as well as updated all

"Minority Report (film)"
(as Spielberg terms it), and manipulating them, while Jad assists him. Next the family involved in the murder in Agatha's vision is shown interacting, which establishes that the opening scene was a prevision. The picture then cuts back to Anderton and the precogs' images, before alternating between the three. The opening is self-contained, and according to Buckland acts merely as a setup for numerous elements of the story. It lasts 14 minutes, includes 171 shots, and has an average shot length of five seconds as opposed to the 6.5 second average for the entire film. The opening's five-second average is

a woman who was drowned by a hooded figure in 2049. Anderton and Agatha go to Crow's hotel room as the 36-hour time nears, finding numerous photos of children, including Sean's. Crow arrives and Anderton prepares to kill him, accusing him of being a serial child killer. Agatha talks Anderton out of shooting Crow by telling him that he has the ability to choose his future now that he is aware of it. Crow however begs to be killed, having been hired to plant the photos and be killed in exchange for his family's financial well being. Crow grabs Anderton's

Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction, Best Writing, and Best Supporting Actress. The film earned over $358 million worldwide against an overall budget of $142 million (including advertising). Over four million DVDs were sold in its first few months of home release. In April 2054, Washington, DC's PreCrime police stops murderers before they act, reducing the murder rate to zero. Murders are predicted using three mutated humans, called ""Precogs"", who ""previsualize"" crimes by receiving visions of the future. Would-be murderers are imprisoned in their own happy virtual reality. The Federal government is on the verge of adopting the controversial program.

Morris called this scene a ""trailer"", because it foreshadows the plot and establishes the type of ""tone, generic expectations, and enigmas"" that will be used in the film. The visions of the pre-cogs are presented in a fragmented series of clips using a ""squishy lens"" device, which distorts the images, blurring their edges and creating ripples across them. They were created by a two-man production team, hired by Spielberg, who chose the ""layered, dreamlike imagery"" based on some comments from cognitive psychologists the pair consulted. In the opening's next scene, Anderton is ""scrubbing the images"", by standing like a composer

holographic projections and the prison facility were filmed by several roving cameras which surrounded the actors, and the scene where Anderton gets off his car and runs along the Maglev vehicles was filmed on stationary props, which were later replaced by computer-generated vehicles. Like most film adaptations of Dick's works, many aspects of his story were changed in their transition to film, such as the addition of Lamar Burgess and the change in setting from New York City to Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Northern Virginia. The character of John Anderton was changed from a balding and out-of-shape old man to

Since the disappearance of his son Sean, PreCrime Captain John Anderton has both separated from his wife Lara and become a drug addict. While United States Department of Justice agent Danny Witwer is auditing the program, the Precogs generate a new prediction, implying Anderton will murder a man named Leo Crow in 36 hours. Anderton does not know Crow, but flees the area as Witwer begins a manhunt. Anderton seeks the advice of Dr. Iris Hineman, the creator of PreCrime technology. She reveals that sometimes, one of the Precogs, usually Agatha, has a different vision than the other two, a

lighting"", populated the film with shadows, creating a ""futuristic film noir atmosphere"". Buckland describes the film's 14 minute opening sequence as the ""most abstract and complex of any Spielberg film."" The first scene is a distorted precog vision of a murder, presented out of context. The speed of the film is sped up, slowed, and even reversed, and the movie ""jumps about in time and space"" by intercutting the images in no discernible order. When it ends, it becomes clear that the scene was presented through Agatha's eyes, and that this is how previsions appear to her. Fellow scholar Nigel

"Minority Report (TV series)"
for TV. On October 9, 2015, Fox announced that the series order was cut from 13 episodes to 10. On May 13, 2016, Fox officially cancelled the series. In 2065 Washington, D.C., Dash (Sands), a Precog, has the ability to predict crimes. The Precrime Unit was dismantled in 2054, forcing law enforcement to rely on newer methods to fight crime. Before it was dismantled, Dash, his twin brother Arthur (Zano), and their foster sister Agatha (Regan) were part of the program that gave them their unique gifts. Now, Dash is using his ability to assist Detective Lara Vega (Good) in

visuals. When Spielberg quickly became a fan, McDowell said ""[i]t became pretty clear that [he] wouldn't read an illustration as a finished piece, but if you did it in Photoshop and created a photorealistic environment he focused differently on it."" Filming took place from March 22 to July 18, 2001, in Washington, D.C., Virginia, and Los Angeles. Film locations included the Ronald Reagan Building (as PreCrime headquarters) and Georgetown. The skyline of Rosslyn, Virginia is visible when Anderton flies across the Potomac River. During production, Spielberg made regular appearances on a video-only webcam based in the craft services truck, both

would be forthcoming. Thus Washington, D.C. as depicted in the movie keeps well-known buildings such as the Capitol and the Washington Monument, as well as a section of modern buildings on the other side of the Potomac River. Production designer Alex McDowell was hired based on his work in ""Fight Club"" and his storyboards for a film version of ""Fahrenheit 451"" which would have starred Mel Gibson. McDowell studied modern architecture, and his sets contain many curves, circular shapes, and reflective materials. Costume designer Deborah L. Scott decided to make the clothes worn by the characters as simple as possible,

"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles"
2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena

reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon

"2017 French Open – Women's Singles"
at the French Open in the Open Era, and the first time this had happened at any Grand Slam tournament since the 2001 Wimbledon Championships. This was the first Grand Slam tournament to feature neither Serena Williams nor Maria Sharapova since the 2002 Australian Open. Angelique Kerber ""(First round)"" 2017 French Open – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, having won the tournament in 2016, but she was defeated in the fourth round by Kristina Mladenovic. This was the first time at the French Open since 1977, and any Grand Slam event since the 1979 Australian Open that

Ostapenko in the quarterfinals; it was Williams’ first Grand Slam final at Wimbledon since 2009, her first Grand Slam final against a player other than her sister since defeating Marion Bartoli in the 2007 Wimbledon final, and (by virtue of her run to the Australian Open final in January) marked the first time Venus reached multiple Grand Slam finals in a calendar year since 2003. Johanna Konta became the first British woman to reach the semifinals since Virginia Wade in 1978, and Magdaléna Rybáriková became the first Slovak woman to reach the semifinals at Wimbledon. The tournament was the seventeenth

2017 French Open – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, having won the tournament in 2016, but she was defeated in the fourth round by Kristina Mladenovic. This was the first time at the French Open since 1977, and any Grand Slam event since the 1979 Australian Open that no former Grand Slam champion have reached the quarterfinals. Jeļena Ostapenko won the title, defeating Simona Halep in the final, 4–6, 6–4, 6–3. This was Ostapenko's first WTA Tour-level singles title. She became the first Latvian player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament, the youngest

consecutive women's singles Grand Slam event to feature a first-time semifinalist (Rybáriková). This streak ended months later at the 2017 US Open. Despite losing in the second round, Karolína Plíšková attained the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, after Angelique Kerber and Simona Halep, the other contenders for the top ranking, lost in the fourth round and quarterfinals, respectively. This was formed World No. 1 and two-time Australian Open champion Victoria Azarenka's first appearance in a Grand Slam event since the 2016 French Open after giving birth to her first child in December 2016. She

Maryland
geographic regions. For example, the Delmarva Peninsula is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, though it straddles the border between the two regions. Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state's distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the state are not

Maryland
D.C., as well as in and around Maryland's most populous city, Baltimore. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the Fall Line, the line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and/or waterfalls. Maryland's capital city, Annapolis, is one exception to this pattern, since it lies along the banks of the Severn River, close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, Allegany and Garrett, are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia

Maryland
suburbs of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore—lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen ""Cfa""), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild to cool winter; it falls under USDA Hardiness zone 8a. The Piedmont region—which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, Westminster, Gaithersburg, Frederick, and Hagerstown—has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a, temperatures below are less rare. From the Cumberland Valley on westward, the climate begins to transition to a humid continental climate (Köppen ""Dfa""). In

Maryland
and Appalachia more than they do the rest of Maryland. Both eastern and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as Ocean City, Princess Anne, and Salisbury on the Eastern Shore and Cumberland, Frostburg, and Hancock in Western Maryland. Southern Maryland is still somewhat rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C. has encroached significantly since the 1960s; important local population centers include Lexington Park, Prince Frederick, and Waldorf. In 1970 the Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White. African Americans form a sizable portion of the state's population – nearly

Maryland
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are ""Old Line State"", the ""Free State"", and the ""Chesapeake Bay State"". It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary. Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined

Maryland
and Eastern Shore regions of Maryland embody a Southern culture, while densely populated Central Maryland—radiating outward from Baltimore and Washington, D.C.—has more in common with that of the Northeast. The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the South Atlantic States, but it is commonly associated with the Mid-Atlantic States and/or Northeastern United States by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents. As of 2011, 58.0 percent of Maryland's population younger than age 1 were non-white. ""Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher

Maryland
to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 129,730 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,017 people. The center of population of Maryland is located on the county line between Anne Arundel County and Howard County, in the unincorporated community of Jessup. Maryland's history as a border state has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and Southern regions of the United States. Generally, rural Western Maryland between the West Virginian Panhandle and Pennsylvania has an Appalachian culture; the Southern

Maryland
twice the size of Maryland (). Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname ""America in Miniature"". It ranges from sandy dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large bald cypress near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the Piedmont Region, and pine groves in the Maryland mountains to the west. Maryland is bounded on its north by Pennsylvania, on its west by West Virginia, on its east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on its south, across the Potomac River, by

"Western Maryland"
Western Maryland Western Maryland is the portion of the U.S. state of Maryland that typically consists of Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties. The region is bounded by the Mason-Dixon line to the north, Preston County, West Virginia to the west, and the Potomac River to the south. The Washington metropolitan area is generally considered to be its eastern border, though some organizations stretch the region further east. Western Maryland is much more rural than the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, where most of the state's population lives, and is noted for its mountainous terrain. The area is generally regarded as part of

Maryland
West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by District of Columbia, which sits on land that was originally part of Montgomery and Prince George's counties and including the town of Georgetown, Maryland. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia. (The Commonwealth of Virginia gave land south of the Potomac, including the town of Alexandria, Virginia, however Virginia retroceded its portion in 1846). The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the ""Eastern Shore"". Most of

"Stanley Dashew"
Stanley Dashew Stanley Aaron Dashew (September 16, 1916 – April 25, 2013) was an American inventor who developed many devices in diverse industries, but remains best known as one of the founders of the plastic credit card industry during the 1950s. Working alongside Joseph P. Williams, then Vice President of Bank of America, Dashew introduced the Databosser, which embossed numbers read from an IBM punch card onto a credit card, originally aluminum alloy, then plastic. Dashew has been issued fourteen U.S. patents directly, and more than fifty assigned to his many companies. He has created mechanical systems in the business

"Punched card"
of the 1800s Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine. ""After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards..."", developing punched card data processing technology for the 1890 US census. His tabulating machines read and summarized data stored on punched cards and they began use for government and commercial data processing. Initially, these electromechanical machines only counted holes, but by the 1920s they had units for carrying out basic arithmetic operations. Hollerith founded the ""Tabulating Machine Company"" (1896) which was one of four companies that were

were linked into a chain of any length. Each card held the instructions for shedding (raising and lowering the warp) and selecting the shuttle for a single pass. It is considered an important step in the history of computing hardware. Semyon Korsakov was reputedly the first to propose punched cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832. Charles Babbage proposed the use of ""Number Cards"", ""pierced with certain holes and stand opposite levers connected with a set of figure wheels ... advanced they push in those levers opposite to which

"Smart card"
organizations. Several nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations. In 1968 and 1969 Helmut Gröttrup and Jürgen Dethloff jointly filed patents for the automated chip card. Roland Moreno patented the memory card concept in 1974. An important patent for smart cards with a microprocessor and memory as used today was filed by Jürgen Dethloff in 1976 and granted as USP 4105156 in 1978. In 1977, Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart card with two chips: one microprocessor and one memory, and in 1978, he patented the self-programmable one-chip microcomputer (SPOM) that defines the necessary architecture

oriented correctly, or cards with different corner cuts, could be identified. Herman Hollerith was awarded a series of patents in 1889 for electromechanical tabulating machines. These patents described both paper tape and rectangular cards as possible recording media. The card shown in of June 8 was printed with a template and had hole positions arranged close to the edges so they could be reached by a railroad conductor's ticket punch, with the center reserved for written descriptions. Hollerith was originally inspired by railroad tickets that let the conductor encode a rough description of the passenger: When use of the ticket

"Glenford Myers"
Glenford Myers Glenford Myers (born December 12, 1946) is an American computer scientist, entrepreneur, and author. He founded two successful high-tech companies (RadiSys and IP Fabrics), authored eight textbooks in the computer sciences, and made important contributions in microprocessor architecture. He holds a number of patents, including the original patent on ""register scoreboarding"" in microprocessor chips. He has a BS in electrical engineering from Clarkson University, an MS in computer science from Syracuse University, and a PhD in computer science from the Polytechnic Institute of New York University. Myers joined IBM in 1968 in its Poughkeepsie, N.Y. lab. After spending

Bitcoin
Bitcoin Bitcoin (₿) is a cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash. It is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user-to-user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries. Transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto and released as open-source software in 2009. Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining. They can be exchanged for other currencies,

more data on each punched card. Thomas J. Watson Sr., IBM’s head, asked two of his top inventors, Clair D. Lake and J. Royden Peirce, to independently develop ways to increase data capacity without increasing the size of the punched card. Pierce wanted to keep round holes and 45 columns, but allow each column to store more data. Lake suggested rectangular holes, which could be spaced more tightly, allowing 80 columns per punched card, thereby nearly doubling the capacity of the older format. Watson picked the latter solution, introduced as ""The IBM Computer Card,"" in part because it was compatible

"Arbiter (electronics)"
seldom takes more than a few gate delay times. The classic paper is [Kinniment and Woods 1976], which describes how to build a ""3 state flip flop"" to solve this problem, and [Ginosar 2003], a caution to engineers on common mistakes in arbiter design. This result is of considerable practical importance, as multiprocessor computers would not work reliably without it. The first multiprocessor computers date from the late 1960s, predating the development of reliable arbiters. Some early multiprocessors with independent clocks for each processor suffered from arbiter race conditions, and thus unreliability. Today, this is no longer a problem. Arbiters

who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Darwinism
Darwinism Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published ""On the Origin of Species"" in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma

breeding. Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book ""On the Origin of Species"", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity

"History of evolutionary thought"
the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history. Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution. In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's ""On the Origin of Species"" (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very

selection. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay that described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories. Darwin's work established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. In 1871 he examined human evolution and sexual selection in ""The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex"", followed by ""The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals"" (1872). His

"Henry Freke"
Henry Freke Henry Freke (1813-1888) was an Irish physician and early evolutionary writer. Freke proposed an evolutionary theory in 1851 and more fully in a book for 1861. He took a B. A. at Trinity in 1840, his M. B. in 1845 and his M.D. in 1855. He worked as a physician in various hospitals in Dublin and worked at the first Irish lunatic asylum founded by Jonathan Swift. His early writings in the ""Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science"" experimented with evolutionary ideas such as all organisms descending from a single germ. He is credited for developing the concept

"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head ""Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film ""Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid"". It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental

break in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts. The single by B. J. Thomas reached No. 1 on charts in the United States, Canada, Norway and reached No. 38 in the UK Singles Chart. It topped the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for four weeks in January 1970 and was also the first American No. 1 hit of the 1970s. The song also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart. ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 4 song of 1970. According to ""Billboard"" magazine, Thomas' single had sold over 2 million copies by March 14, 1970, with eight-track

entitled ""Altar Egos"". It was also used in the 2003 film ""The In-Laws"" starring Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks, which was a remake of the 1979 Peter Falk / Alan Arkin film. B. J. Thomas version Johnny Farnham version The song has been covered numerous times. In 1969, Craig Douglas released a version produced by Tony Hatch. From January 24 to March 13, 1970, it was a number-one hit (for seven weeks) in Australia on the ""Go-Set"" National Top 40 for local pop singer, Johnny Farnham. In 1970, it was also covered by Dionne Warwick on her album ""I'll Never

"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)"
Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's ""Watch What Happens"" and the 1966 tunes ""Alfie"" and ""A Man and a Woman"". The album's producer, Jack Gold, added lyrics to the instrumental theme from ""Midnight Cowboy"", and it became the first song from the album to be released as a single. While it did manage to reach number 20 on

"B. J. Thomas"
B. J. Thomas Billy Joe ""B.J."" Thomas (born August 7, 1942) is an American popular singer. He is particularly known for his hit songs of the 1960s and 1970s, which appeared on the pop, country, and Christian music charts. His best-known recordings are the Burt Bacharach and Hal David song ""Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"" and the original version of the Mark James song ""Hooked on a Feeling"". Thomas was raised in and around Houston, Texas, graduating from Lamar Consolidated High School in Rosenberg. Before his solo career, he sang in a church choir as a teenager, then joined

and cassette versions also climbing the charts. Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song ""Sunday Morning Coming Down"", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined. The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley. In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on ""Billboard""'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and

"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)"
As a non-album single in the US, it entered ""Billboard"" magazine's Hot 100 chart in the issue dated February 28, 1970, and spent three weeks there, getting as high as number 88. It also began a three-week run on the magazine's chart of the week's 40 most popular Easy Listening (or Adult Contemporary) songs in that issue, where it eventually made it to number 28. The song debuted on the UK singles chart on March 14, 1970, and lasted there 17 weeks, four of which were spent at number three. The other song that was on the UK album but

"Bitty McLean"
Bitty McLean Bitty McLean (born 8 August 1972, Birmingham, England) is a British/Jamaican reggae, lovers rock and ragga musician. He is best known for his three UK Top 10 hits in 1993 and 1994, including his debut offering ""It Keeps Rainin' (Tears from My Eyes)"". The youngest of six children to Easton and Leonie (nee Reynolds), Delroy McLean was nicknamed ""Bitty"" due to his small stature. As a teenager he performed with local sound systems, and after studying sound engineering at college, he was employed by UB40 as an engineer and producer, and occasionally also sang with the band. He

the artist name of ""McLean"". Bitty McLean Bitty McLean (born 8 August 1972, Birmingham, England) is a British/Jamaican reggae, lovers rock and ragga musician. He is best known for his three UK Top 10 hits in 1993 and 1994, including his debut offering ""It Keeps Rainin' (Tears from My Eyes)"". The youngest of six children to Easton and Leonie (nee Reynolds), Delroy McLean was nicknamed ""Bitty"" due to his small stature. As a teenager he performed with local sound systems, and after studying sound engineering at college, he was employed by UB40 as an engineer and producer, and occasionally also

Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is the twenty-fifth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in the spring of 1970 by Columbia Records. Williams was less focused on covering recent hits on this project and instead selected several songs from the singer-songwriter genre. ""Billboard"" magazine opined that the album ""may well be titled 'A Journey Through Life.' Through carefully selected songs it conveys a message of dreams, hopes, reality, frustrations and ultimate truth."" The album made its first appearance on the Top LP's chart in the

how many countries participated for the first time in the 2014 olympic winter games in sochi

2014 Winter Olympics The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games () () and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be

Agency was re-certified in September. 2014 Winter Olympics The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games () () and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was

"2014 Winter Paralympics"
2014 Winter Paralympics The 2014 Winter Paralympics (), the 11th Paralympic Winter Games, and also more generally known as the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), held in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia on 7–16 March 2014. 45 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) participated in the Games, which marked the first time Russia ever hosted the Paralympics. The Games featured 72 medal events in five sports, and saw the debut of snowboarding at the Winter Paralympics. The lead-up to these Paralympics were met with concerns regarding Russia's

held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held

squadron, along with S-400 and Pantsir-S1 air defense rockets were used to protect Olympic airspace. Four gunboats were also deployed on the Black Sea to protect the coastline. A number of security organizations and forces began stationing in and around Sochi in January 2014; Russia's Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) was stationed in Sochi for the Games beginning on 7 January 2014. A group of 10,000 Internal Troops of the Ministry of Interior also provided security services during the Games. In mid-January, 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were stationed in a military town near Krasnaya Polyana. A group of 400

selected as the host city for the 2014 Winter Olympics over Salzburg, Austria, and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This was the first time that Russia had hosted a Winter Olympics. The Games took place from 7 to 23 February 2014. A record 2,800 athletes from 88 countries competed in 98 events. The Olympic Village and Olympic Stadium were located on the Black Sea coast. All of the mountain venues were 50 kilometres (31 miles) away in the alpine region known as Krasnaya Polyana. The Games were the most expensive so far, with a cost of £30 billion (USD 51 billion). On

Sochi in the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340 MW. Earlier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations near the cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea. The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks — 367 km (228 miles) of

Camel
Camel A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ""Camelus"" that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as ""humps"" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from hair). As working animals, camels—which are uniquely suited to their desert habitats—are a vital means of transport for passengers and cargo. There are three surviving species of camel. The one-humped dromedary makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped Bactrian camel makes up the remainder. The Wild Bactrian camel is a separate species and is

Dromedary
Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall. Males typically weigh between , and females weigh between . The species' distinctive features include its long, curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump (compared with two on the Bactrian camel and wild Bactrian camel), and long hairs on the throat, shoulders and hump. The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, tall

"Bactrian camel"
Bactrian camel The Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus"") is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel. Its population of two million exists mainly in the domesticated form. Their name comes from the ancient historical region of Bactria. Domesticated Bactrian camels have served as pack animals in inner Asia since ancient times. With its tolerance for cold, drought, and high altitudes, it enabled the travel of caravans on the Silk Road. A small number of feral Bactrian camels still roam the Mangystau

Camelid
have true canine teeth and tusk-like premolars, which are separated from the molars by a gap. The musculature of the hind limbs differs from those of other ungulates in that the legs are attached to the body only at the top of the thigh, rather than attached by skin and muscle from the knee upwards. Because of this, camelids have to lie down by resting on their knees with their legs tucked underneath their bodies. They have three-chambered stomachs, rather than four-chambered ones; their upper lips are split in two, with each part separately mobile; and, uniquely among mammals, their

Camel
hump is considered a delicacy. The hump contains ""white and sickly fat"", which can be used to make the ""khli"" (preserved meat) of mutton, beef, or camel. On the other hand, camel milk and meat are rich in protein, vitamins, glycogen, and other nutrients making them essential in the diet of many people. From chemical composition to meat quality, the dromedary camel is the preferred breed for meat production. It does well even in arid areas due to its unusual physiological behaviors and characteristics, which include tolerance to extreme temperatures, radiation from the sun, water paucity, rugged landscape and low

Camelid
red blood cells are elliptical. They also have a unique type of antibodies which lack the light chain, in addition to the normal antibodies found in other mammals. These so-called heavy-chain antibodies are being used to develop single-domain antibodies with potential pharmaceutical applications. Camelids do not have hooves, rather they have two-toed feet with toenails and soft foot pads (Tylopoda is Greek for ""padded foot""). Most of the weight of the animal rests on these tough, leathery sole pads. The South American camelids, adapted to steep and rocky terrain, can move the pads on their toes to maintain grip. Many

Dromedary
whereas a Bactrian camel has an annual yield of nearly . Dromedaries under the age of two years have a fine undercoat that tends to fall off and should be cropped by hand. Little information about camel hides has been collected but they are usually of inferior quality and are less preferred for manufacturing leather. Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall.

Camel
pigs. The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome. The hybrid camel, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has one hump, though it has an indentation deep that divides the front from the back.

Camel
is halfway in size between a camel and a llama and lacks a hump. It has ears intermediate between those of camels and llamas, longer legs than the llama, and partially cloven hooves. Like the mule, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the same number of chromosomes. The wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus"") separated from the domestic Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") about 1 million years ago. The earliest known camel, called ""Protylopus"", lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago (during the Eocene). It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands

Zebu
Zebu A zebu (; ""Bos primigenius indicus"" or ""Bos indicus"" or ""Bos taurus indicus""), sometimes known as indicine cattle or humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of domestic cattle originating in South Asia. Zebu are characterised by a fatty hump on their shoulders, a large dewlap, and sometimes drooping ears. They are well adapted to withstanding high temperatures, and are farmed throughout the tropical countries, both as pure zebu and as hybrids with taurine cattle, the other main type of domestic cattle. Zebu are used as draught and riding animals, dairy cattle, and beef cattle, as well as for

"Collapse of the World Trade Center"
seat, triggering the floors to fail around column 79 on Floors 8 to 14. With a loss of lateral support across nine floors, Column 79 soon buckled – pulling the East penthouse and nearby columns down with it. With the buckling of these critical columns, the collapse then progressed east-to-west across the core, ultimately overloading the perimeter support, which buckled between Floors 7 and 17, causing the entire building above to fall downward as a single unit. From collapse timing measurements taken from a video of the north face of the building, NIST observed that the building's exterior facade fell

"Ocean Tower"
Ocean Tower Ocean Tower SPI was an unfinished, 31-story condominium in South Padre Island, Cameron County, Texas, United States, that was imploded when it was deemed unsafe to remain standing. Construction was halted in May 2008 when cracks formed in the building's supporting columns, and investigations revealed that the core of the skyscraper had sunk by more than . Though the developers initially vowed to fix the problem, studies discovered that repairs would have been too expensive, and plans for its demolition were announced in September 2009. At the time of its controlled implosion in December 2009 the building weighed

"Trump Tower"
20-year-old Virginia resident. Rogata was arrested for endangerment and criminal trespassing and taken to Bellevue Hospital for psychiatric evaluation. At around 5:30 p.m. (EDT) on April 7, 2018, a 4-alarm fire broke out in a condominium in the tower's 50th floor, killing a resident and injuring six firefighters; the apartment was almost entirely engulfed in flames by the time the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) arrived. In a Twitter post, Trump attributed the fire's limited damage to the building's design. The sole fatality was 67-year-old Todd Brassner, an art dealer known for his association with Andy Warhol, who had

"Millennium Tower (San Francisco)"
bedrock below. An examination in 2016 showed the building had sunk with a tilt at the base and an approximate tilt at the top of the tower. The building is leaning toward the northwest, and has caused cracks in the building's basement and the pavement surrounding the tower. As of 2018, the sinking has increased to 18 inches with a lean of 14 inches. The developer blames the sinking problem on the Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA), who were responsible for construction of the neighboring Transbay Transit Center (TTC). However, the sinking problem had reportedly started before TTC construction even

of these floors (77, 78, and 85) were directly affected by the aircraft impact. In the immediate aftermath of the attacks, numerous structural engineers and experts spoke to the media, describing what they thought caused the towers to collapse. Abdolhassan Astaneh-Asl, a structural engineering professor at the University of California at Berkeley, explained that the high temperatures in the fires weakened the steel beams and columns, causing them to become ""soft and mushy"", and eventually they were unable to support the structure above. Astaneh-Asl also suggested that the fireproofing became dislodged during the initial aircraft impacts. He also explained that,

"7 World Trade Center"
events. NIST determined that diesel fuel did not play an important role, nor did the structural damage from the collapse of the Twin Towers or the transfer elements (trusses, girders, and cantilever overhangs). The lack of water to fight the fire was an important factor. The fires burned out of control during the afternoon, causing floor beams near column 79 to expand and push a key girder off its seat, triggering the floors to fail around column 79 on Floors 8 to 14. With a loss of lateral support across nine floors, column 79 buckled – pulling the east penthouse

and nearby columns down with it. With the buckling of these critical columns, the collapse then progressed east-to-west across the core, ultimately overloading the perimeter support, which buckled between Floors 7 and 17, causing the remaining portion of the building above to fall downward as a single unit. The fires, which were fueled by office contents and burned for 7 hours, along with the lack of water, were the key reasons for the collapse. Incidentally, this made the old 7 WTC the only steel skyscraper at the time to have collapsed from fire. When 7 WTC collapsed, debris caused substantial

moments, American Airlines Flight 11 flew south over Manhattan and crashed at roughly into the north facade of the North Tower (WTC 1) at 8:46 am, impacting between the 93rd and 99th floors. Seventeen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 approached from the southwest, over New York Harbor, and crashed into the South Tower (WTC 2) south facade at 9:03 am between the 77th and 85th floors at . In addition to severing numerous load-bearing columns on the perimeter and inflicting other structural damage, the resulting explosions in each tower ignited of jet fuel along with office contents. According to

Millennium Partners, Webcor, Handel Architects, Treadwell & Rollo, Langan, DeSimone Consulting Engineers, Arup, and Transbay Joint Powers Authority. They are seeking $200 million to cover repairs and damages. In early September 2018, residents reported hearing various ""creaking sounds"". At around 2:30 a.m. on the morning of Saturday, September 8, 2018, residents reported hearing a loud ""popping sound"". On Sunday, the following day, a resident located in a corner unit on the 36th floor discovered a cracked window. The glass used in the building's windows and facade is rated to withstand hurricane force winds, leading to concern that the crack was

Center site involved round-the-clock operations, many contractors and subcontractors, and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. The demolition of the surrounding damaged buildings continued even as new construction proceeded on the Twin Towers' replacement, One World Trade Center, which was opened in November 2014. , five new buildings had been erected on the site; the last one, Two World Trade Center, is scheduled for completion in 2022. During the September 11th attacks, four teams of al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four different jetliners. Two of these jetliners, both Boeing 767's, were hijacked after takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport. In its final

"2018 World Men's Curling Championship"
""Saturday, April 7, 08:30"" ""Saturday, April 7, 13:30"" ""Saturday, April 7, 18:30"" ""Sunday, April 8, 12:00"" ""Sunday, April 8, 17:00"" ""Round robin only"" 2018 World Men's Curling Championship The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. In a rematch of the 2017 gold medal game, the Swedish team led by Niklas Edin beat the defending champion Canadian team led by Brad Gushue to win the championship. The following

2018 World Men's Curling Championship The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. In a rematch of the 2017 gold medal game, the Swedish team led by Niklas Edin beat the defending champion Canadian team led by Brad Gushue to win the championship. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship: ""Final Round Robin Standings"" Year to date World Curling Tour order

of merit ranking for each team prior to the event. All draw times are listed in Pacific Daylight Time (). ""Saturday, March 31, 13:30"" ""Saturday, March 31, 18:30"" ""Sunday, April 1, 08:30"" ""Sunday, April 1, 13:30"" ""Sunday, April 1, 18:30"" ""Monday, April 2, 08:30"" ""Monday, April 2, 13:30"" ""Monday, April 2, 18:30"" ""Tuesday, April 3, 08:30"" ""Tuesday, April 3, 13:30"" ""Tuesday, April 3, 18:30"" ""Wednesday, April 4, 08:30"" ""Wednesday, April 4, 13:30"" ""Wednesday, April 4, 18:30"" ""Thursday, April 5, 08:30"" ""Thursday, April 5, 13:30"" ""Thursday, April 5, 18:30"" ""Friday, April 6, 08:30"" ""Friday, April 6, 13:30"" ""Friday, April 6, 18:30""

"2017 World Men's Curling Championship"
2017 World Men's Curling Championship The 2017 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2017 for sponsorship reasons) was a curling event that was held from April 1 to 9 at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. Canada won the title for the 36th time overall and the second consecutive year. Like Rachel Homan's team at the women's tournament, Brad Gushue and his teammates finished with a perfect 13-0 record, which included defeating eventual runner-up Niklas Edin of Sweden three times. Switzerland won the bronze medal. With the win, Gushue became the first skip in the history

the world championships used a twelve team round-robin preliminary round, after which the top four teams advance to a knockout round held using the Page playoff system. Starting in 2018 there are 13 teams playing round-robin preliminary round with top six advancing to a single-elimination knockout with top two receiving bye to the semifinals. This includes two teams from the Americas zone, eight from the European zone (via the European Curling Championships) and three from the Asia-Pacific zone (via the Pacific-Asia Curling Championships). For 2019, the number of teams from the Asia-Pacific zone will be reduced by one, and there

April 2, 19:00"" ""Monday, April 3, 9:00"" ""Monday, April 3, 14:00"" ""Monday, April 3, 19:00"" ""Tuesday, April 4, 9:00"" ""Tuesday, April 4, 14:00"" ""Tuesday, April 4, 19:00"" ""Wednesday, April 5, 9:00"" ""Wednesday, April 5, 14:00"" ""Wednesday, April 5, 19:00"" ""Thursday, April 6, 9:00"" ""Thursday, April 6, 14:00"" ""Thursday, April 6, 19:00"" ""Friday, April 7, 19:00"" ""Saturday, April 8, 14:00"" ""Saturday, April 8, 19:00"" ""Sunday, April 9, 12:00"" ""Sunday, April 9, 18:00"" ""Round robin only"" ""Round Robin only"" The awards and all-star team are as follows: All-Star Team Collie Campbell Memorial Award 2017 World Men's Curling Championship The 2017 World Men's

of the sport to win the world junior title, the Olympic gold medal, and the world men's title, and Canada became the first country ever to be in simultaneous possession of Olympic and World championships in both men's and women's curling. The following nations qualified to participate in the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship: Year to date World Curling Tour order of merit ranking for each team prior to the event. ""Final Round Robin Standings"" All times listed in Mountain Daylight Time (UTC−6). ""Saturday, April 1, 14:00"" ""Saturday, April 1, 19:00"" ""Sunday, April 2, 9:00"" ""Sunday, April 2, 14:00"" ""Sunday,

World Curling Championships The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as junior and senior championships for each gender. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in

"Three Rings"
Three Rings In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of Power. The Three Rings were made by Celebrimbor after Sauron, in the guise of ""Annatar"", had left Eregion. These were free of Sauron's influence, as he did not have a hand in their making. However, they were still forged by Celebrimbor with the arts taught to him by Sauron and thus were still bound to the One Ring. Upon perceiving Sauron's intent, the Elves hid the three from him.

"One Ring"
the Blessed Realm; the Dwarves had been driven out of Moria and would have been unwilling to concentrate their strength in any event; and the Númenórean kingdoms had either declined or been destroyed, and had few allies. Of the several bearers of the One Ring, three were still alive following the Ring's destruction, the hobbits Bilbo Baggins, Frodo Baggins, and Samwise Gamgee. Bilbo, having borne the Ring longest of the three, had reached a very advanced age for a hobbit. Frodo suffered both physical and psychological scars from his strenuous quest to destroy the Ring. Samwise, having only briefly kept

"Rings of Power"
Rings of Power The Rings of Power in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium are magic rings created by Sauron or by the Elves of Eregion under Sauron's tutelage. Sauron intended three of the rings to be worn by Elves, Seven by Dwarves, Nine by Men, and one, the One Ring, by Sauron himself in Mordor. Sauron intended the rings to subvert these races of Middle-earth to his power, since the One Ring controlled the others. Sauron's plan was not completely successful, for the Elves hid their rings and did not use them while Sauron held the One, and the

"One Ring"
was the One Ring. Frodo inherited the Ring from his uncle Bilbo Baggins. In Tolkien's earlier novel, ""The Hobbit"", Bilbo found the Ring in the caverns beneath the Misty Mountains. It had been lost in the caverns by Gollum, who used the invisibility it conferred to hunt orcs to eat. Gollum, a hobbit previously known as Sméagol, had kept the Ring for hundreds of years. He had murdered his friend Déagol to get the Ring shortly after Déagol found it in the river Anduin. Many centuries earlier the Ring had betrayed Isildur and fallen from his finger into the Anduin

"One Ring"
as he was eluding orcs—who killed him when he became visible. Isildur in turn had cut the Ring from the hand of Sauron, who had made the Ring and let much of his power flow into it. Sauron was the Ring's true master, and the only being who could bend it completely to his will. Though Déagol and Gandalf had handled the Ring, the only individuals ever to wear it were Sauron, Isildur, Sméagol/Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, Tom Bombadil, and Samwise. None but Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise are actually called ""Ring-bearers"" in any of Tolkien's works. As Ring-bearers, they were granted

War of the Elves and Sauron, Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring Vilya to Gil-galad, High King of the Noldor. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant Círdan, Lord of the Havens of Mithlond, who kept it after Gil-galad's death. According to ""The Lord of the Rings"", Gil-galad received only Vilya, while Círdan received Narya from the very beginning along with Galadriel receiving Nenya from the start. In the Third Age, Círdan, recognizing Gandalf's true nature as one of the Maiar from Valinor, gave him the ring to aid him in his labours. It is described as having the power

was sent to the Elven-king Gil-galad far away in Lindon, where it was later given to Elrond, who bore it through the later years of the Second Age and all of the Third. As Gil-galad was the High King of the Noldor elves at the time of the rings' distribution it was thought that he was best fit to care for the most powerful of the three Elven rings. Three Rings In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of

"One Ring"
suddenly visible, he was killed by the orcs. Since the Ring indirectly caused Isildur's death, it was known in Gondorian lore as ""Isildur's Bane"". The Ring remained hidden on the river bed for almost two and a half millennia, until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a Stoor hobbit named Déagol. His friend and relative Sméagol, who had gone fishing with him, was immediately ensnared by the Ring's power and demanded that Déagol give it to him as a ""birthday present""; when Déagol refused, Sméagol strangled him and took it for himself. The Ring corrupted his body and

"One Ring"
Rings"", Frodo Baggins was appointed Ring-bearer by the Council of Elrond in Rivendell. His task was to carry the One Ring from Rivendell to the Crack of Doom in Mordor and to destroy it before Sauron or his servants could recover it. During this journey, Frodo's companion Samwise Gamgee also carried the ring briefly while Frodo was held captive in the Tower of Cirith Ungol. Near the onset of this journey the Ring was handled also by Tom Bombadil, upon whom the Ring had no apparent effect, and by Gandalf, who cast it into Frodo's fireplace to verify that it

"Magic ring"
the story grew into ""The Lord of the Rings"" the matter expanded, borrowing from Germanic and Norse mythology for many of its themes, creatures, and names. Of twenty magical Rings of Power, four are described in some detail: the extremely powerful and dangerous ""One Ring"" around which the plot revolves; and three rings worn by Gandalf the wizard and the elves Elrond and Galadriel. Seven Rings of Power were given to the dwarves in an only slightly successful attempt to corrupt them. Humans prove to be more susceptible; each of the nine Nazgûl were once great lords of men who

"The Breakfast Club"
The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes. It stars Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy as teenagers from different high school cliques who spend a Saturday in detention with their strict assistant principal (Paul Gleason). The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985. Universal Pictures released it in cinemas in the United States on February 15, 1985. It received critical acclaim and earned $51.5 million on a $1 million budget. Critics consider it the greatest high school film of all

artifacts"" and ""forgettable instrumentals"". The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes. It stars Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy as teenagers from different high school cliques who spend a Saturday in detention with their strict assistant principal (Paul Gleason). The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985. Universal Pictures released it in cinemas in the United States on February 15, 1985. It received critical acclaim and earned $51.5 million on a $1 million budget. Critics consider it the greatest high

stereotypes are broken down, the characters ""empathize with each other's struggles, dismiss some of the inaccuracies of their first impressions, and discover that they are more similar than different"". The main adult character, Mr. Vernon, is not portrayed in a positive light. He consistently talks down to the students and flaunts his authority throughout the film. Bender is the only one who stands up to Vernon. The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985. Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas on February 15, 1985 in the United States. In 2003, the film was released on DVD as

February 1985, the film debuted at #3 at the box office (behind blockbuster film ""Beverly Hills Cop"" and ""Witness"" starring Harrison Ford). Grossing $45,875,171 domestically and $51,525,171 worldwide, the film is a box office success, given its alleged $1 million budget. Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Paul Gleason and Ally Sheedy won a Silver Bucket of Excellence Award at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards in 2005. ""The Breakfast Club"" is known as the ""quintessential 1980s film"" and is considered as one of the best films of the decade. In 2008, ""Empire"" magazine ranked it #369 on their ""The

time, as well as one of Hughes' most memorable and recognizable works. The media referred to the film's five main actors as members of a group called the ""Brat Pack"". In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015. On a Saturday (March 24, 1984) five high school students report for all-day detention. Each comes from a different clique: pampered Claire Standish, state

school students, who would be played by younger actors. Principal photography began on March 28, 1984, and ended in May. Filming took place at Maine North High School in Des Plaines, Illinois, which had closed in 1981. The same setting was used for interior scenes of Hughes' 1986 film ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"", which featured exterior shots from nearby Glenbrook North High School. The library at Maine North High School, considered too small for the film, prompted the crew to build the set in the school's gymnasium. The actors rehearsed with each other for three weeks and then shot the

reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. In a June 25, 1985 review for ""The Village Voice"", music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a ""D−"" and said that it has ""utterly negligible"" songs, and he commended Simple Minds for trying to distance themselves from their song, ""Don't You (Forget About Me)"", best known for being played during the film's opening and closing credits. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the soundtrack three out of five stars and wrote that, apart from Simple Minds' ""undisputed masterpiece,"" the album is largely ""disposable"" and marred by ""'80s

announced that the film was released in a special edition in January 2018. The film received high critical acclaim. Kathleen Carroll from the ""New York Daily News"" stated, ""Hughes has a wonderful knack for communicating the feelings of teenagers, as well as an obvious rapport with his exceptional cast–who deserve top grades"". Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 88% approval rating based on 60 reviews, with an approval rating of 7.7/10. Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 62% based on 11 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be ""generally favorable reviews"". In

to John Hughes—who had died a few months prior—along with other actors who had worked with him, including Jon Cryer from ""Pretty in Pink"", Matthew Broderick from ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"", and Macaulay Culkin from ""Home Alone"". The Breakfast Club soundtrack album was released on February 19, 1985 by A&M Records. The album peaked at No. 17 on the ""Billboard"" 200 album chart. The song ""Don't You (Forget About Me)"" performed by Scottish rock band Simple Minds was released on February 20, 1985 in the United States and on April 8, 1985 in the United Kingdom as a single and

and an athlete, and a basket case, a princess, and a criminal."" Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall both starred in Hughes' 1984 film ""Sixteen Candles"". Towards the end of filming, Hughes asked them both to be in ""The Breakfast Club"". Hall became the first to be cast, agreeing to the role of Brian Johnson. Ringwald was originally approached to play the character of Allison Reynolds, but she was ""really upset"" because she wanted to play Claire Standish. She eventually convinced the director and the studio to give her the part. The role of Allison ultimately went to Ally Sheedy.

"Hedy West"
Hedy West Hedy West (April 6, 1938 – July 3, 2005) was an American folksinger and songwriter. West belonged to the same generation of folk revivalists as Joan Baez and Judy Collins. Her most famous song ""500 Miles"" is one of America's most popular folk songs. She was described by the English folk musician A. L. Lloyd as ""far and away the best of American girl singers in the [folk] revival."" Hedy West played the guitar and the banjo. She played both clawhammer style and a unique type of three-finger picking that exhibited influences outside of bluegrass and old-time, such

"Stairway to Heaven"
released in late 1985 by the British band Far Corporation. It was the first single from their debut album, ""Division One."" Their rendition became an international Top 20 hit, reaching number eight in the United Kingdom and number nine in Ireland. The following year it charted at number 16 in South Africa and number 89 in the United States. The song became their greatest hit. Stairway to Heaven ""Stairway to Heaven"" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971. It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled

"Heaven (Bryan Adams song)"
Heaven (Bryan Adams song) ""Heaven"" is a song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams recorded in 1983, written by Adams and Jim Vallance. It first appeared on the ""A Night in Heaven"" soundtrack album the same year and was later included on Adams' album ""Reckless"" in 1984. It was released as the third single from ""Reckless"" and reached number one on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in June 1985, over a year and a half after the song first appeared on record. The single was certified Gold in Canada in 1985. Heavily influenced by Journey's 1983 hit ""Faithfully"", the power

"Alex Bradford"
following a racial incident; he continued singing after returning to attend the Snow Hill Institute in Snow Hill, Alabama, where he acquired the title ""Professor"" while teaching as a student. He moved to Chicago in 1947, where he worked briefly with Roberta Martin and toured with Mahalia Jackson, then struck out on his own with his own group, the Bradford Singers, followed by another group, the Bradford Specials. He recorded his first hit record, ""Too Close To Heaven"" (1954), billed as Professor Alex Bradford and his singers, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc, then followed

"Go to Heaven"
and navigation, and reference the Dog Star. They were usually played live as a pair. Lead guitarist Jerry Garcia brought just two songs for the album. Both were composed with his writing partner Robert Hunter: the lyrically obtuse, Berry-esque rocker, ""Alabama Getaway"" and the meticulously arranged ""Althea."" Hunter said the title character of the latter was inspired by Minerva. A third Garcia-Hunter effort, ""What'll You Raise,"" was not recorded to the guitarist's satisfaction during the sessions after failing to enter their live rotation; it was ultimately released as a bonus track on the album's 2004/2006 reissue. Mydland's ""Far From Me""

"Little Willie John"
Little Willie John William Edward ""Little Willie"" John (November 15, 1937 – May 26, 1968) was an American R&B singer who performed in the 1950s and early 1960s. He is best known for his successes on the record charts, with songs such as ""All Around the World"" (1955), ""Need Your Love So Bad"" (1956), and ""Fever"" (1956). An important figure in R&B music of the 1950s, John was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. John was born in Cullendale, Arkansas, one of ten children born to Lillie (née Robinson) and Mertis John. Many sources

"W. Franke Harling"
was nominated for ""Souls at Sea"" (1937) and ""Three Russian Girls"" (1944). Harling's popular songs include ""Beyond the Blue Horizon"" (with Richard A. Whiting) popularized by Jeanette MacDonald in 1930 and Lou Christie thirty years later, and ""Sing, You Sinners"", originally performed by Lillian Roth in 1930 and a hit for Tony Bennett in 1950. Harling won the Bispham Memorial Medal Award for his jazz-oriented opera ""A Light from St. Agnes"". Harling died in Sierra Madre, California and is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. W. Franke Harling W. Franke Harling (January 18, 1887 – November 22,

"A Home in Heaven"
A Home in Heaven ""A Home in Heaven"" is a hymn written by Hank Williams and recorded as a duet with his wife Audrey Williams. It was released as a single on MGM Records in 1956. By all accounts, Audrey Williams had no sense of time as a singer, but she nonetheless sang with her husband at his personal appearances and on his Mother's Best Flour radio shows. Early Williams band member R.D. Norred later recalled, ""Audrey couldn't carry a tune in a bucket, and the more she practiced, the worse she got."" Williams was painfully aware of his wife's

"Albert E. Brumley"
Company and composer of the well-known gospel song ""Victory in Jesus"". Brumley purchased Hartford Music Company in 1948. Brumley married Goldie Edith Schell in 1931. They lived on the banks of Big Sugar Creek in Powell, Missouri, where they raised six children. ""I'll Fly Away,"" ""Turn Your Radio On,"" ""If We Never Meet Again (This Side of Heaven),"" ""I'll Meet You In The Morning,"" ""Rank Strangers,"" and ""He Set Me Free"" are among a host of favorites written by Albert E. Brumley. He wrote over 800 songs. He established the ""Albert E. Brumley Sundown to Sunup Gospel Sing"" (now ""Albert

"Larry Jon Wilson"
a stroke in June 2010, at the age of 69. Larry Jon Wilson Larry Jon Wilson (October 7, 1940 – June 21, 2010) was an American country singer, guitarist and musician. He recorded ""Through the Eyes of Little Children"" and ""I Betcha Heaven's on a Dirt Road"". Born in Swainsboro, Georgia, Wilson picked up the guitar and taught himself how to play. In 1975, he released his debut album ""New Beginnings"". Three more albums on the Monument record label imprint of CBS Records followed, ""Let Me Sing My Song to You"" (1976), ""Loose Change"" (1977), and ""The Sojourner"" (1979). Despite

"Anna Pavlova (film)"
cold Saint Petersburg with a scene where Anna as a young girl observes through a window young dancers practicing. Although she catches a cold, Anna decides that she does not merely want to be a dancer but that she wants to be one of the best. It is shown how classical master dancer/ballet teacher Marius Petipa helps Anna on to the path to glory and her rise in the imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg. Here she meets the young choreographer Mikhail Fokine with whom she rehearses The Dying Swan – the world-famous solo. In 1909, Sergei Diaghilev founds the

"Maya Plisetskaya"
best in the world.” Able to travel the world as a member of the Bolshoi, Plisetskaya changed the world of ballet by her skills and technique, setting a higher standard for ballerinas both in terms of technical brilliance and dramatic presence. Having allowed her to tour in New York, Khrushchev was immensely satisfied upon reading the reviews of her performances. “He embraced her upon her return: ‘Good girl, coming back. Not making me look like a fool. You didn’t let me down.’” Within a few years, Plisetskaya was recognized as “an international superstar” and a continuous “box office hit throughout

"Tamara Toumanova"
Tamara was ten years old when she made her debut at the Paris Opera as a child étoile in the ballet ""L'Éventail de Jeanne"" (for which ten French composers wrote the music). In 1931, when Toumanova was twelve years old, George Balanchine saw her in ballet class and engaged her for de Basil's Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, along with Irina Baronova (aged 12) and Tatiana Riabouchinska (aged 14). The three girls were an immediate success, and writer Arnold Haskell dubbed them the ""baby ballerinas"". Toumanova became recognised as a young prodigy of immense talent. She came to be called

"Moscow Ballet (United States)"
recede into the shadows as their leader is defeated. Uncle Drosselmeyer appears, and with a wave of his wand the Nutcracker Doll is transformed. In its place, a dashing Prince rises. Masha and her Prince travel to the Snow Forest where they are greeted by Father Christmas, the Snow Queen and her court. They are escorted to the realm of Peace & Harmony. Emissaries from around the world dance for the couple, honoring them. The flowers themselves seem to dance for Masha and the Prince! After the celebration, the couple perform a love duet, and the cheers rebound throughout the

"Elena Berezhnaya"
chance at CSKA Moscow's skating school. The coaches at CSKA also had doubts about Ruchkin's suitability but accepted the pair. Berezhnaya moved to Moscow, 791 miles to the north, and lived in a dormitory as her mother could not move with her. They made little progress as Ruchkin continued to struggle to lift her. After unsuccessful partnerships with Ruchkin and another skater, the 14-year-old Berezhnaya teamed with Latvian-born Oleg Shliakhov, who had been dumped by his seventh partner. The partnership went well at first, however, over time he started to become physically and verbally abusive, hitting Berezhnaya and dropping her

"Natalya Sedykh"
film ""Fire, Water, and Brass Pipes"". In 1969, Sedykh graduated ballet school at the Bolshoi Theater and joined the theater's company, first as a member of the corps de ballet and later as a soloist. She toured internationally in ""The Sleeping Beauty"", ""The Nutcracker"", ""The Seagull"", and ""Anna Karenina"", in which she danced alongside Maya Plisetskaya and Māris Liepa. She married the composer Viktor Lebedev and moved to Leningrad. Her former boyfriend, a fellow artist from the Bolshoi, was so consumed by jealousy that he followed her to Leningrad and attempted to strangle her, then threatened her with a knife.

"Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet"
ballet in Europe, the development of the school was influenced by a number of other teachers and methods, including Christian Johannson, a student of August Bournonville, and the Italian methods of Enrico Cecchetti, Pierina Legnani and Carlotta Brianza. Other renowned 19th-century dancers and ballet masters who taught at and were influential in the development in the school include Charles Didelot, Jules Perrot, Arthur Saint-Léon, Lev Ivanov, Marius Petipa and Mikhail Fokine. Since 1836, the school has been situated at 2 Rossi Street in St. Petersburg, which was renamed Leningrad after Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924. The Imperial Ballet School was

"Valentina Kozlova"
Stuttgarter Ballet, Les Ballets Trockadéro de Monte Carlo, Universal Ballet, and the National Ballet of Cuba. Kozlova was born in Moscow to Russian parents. Encouraged by her mother, a technical supervisor for the phone company, Kozlova joined a children's ballet company at the age of seven and was accepted, at nine, into the Bolshoi Ballet School, where she studied until she was asked to join the company in 1973. She was quickly promoted to principal, in 1975, and danced all of the major classical roles. In 1979, while in Los Angeles on tour with the Bolshoi, Kozlova and her then-husband,

"Tatiana Riabouchinska"
14, Riabouchinska was chosen by Nikita Balieff to join his Franco-Russian vaudeville troupe, Le Théâtre de la Chauve-Souris (The Bat Theater), often billed simply as La Chauve-Souris. In the 1931 edition of their revue, which featured Russian songs, dances, and comedy numbers, she appeared in two short ballets, ""Diana Hunts the Stag"" and ""The Romantic Adventures of an Italian Ballerina and a Marquis"". In Paris, she was seen by choreographer and ballet master George Balanchine, who quickly signed her for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, then being organized by Colonel Wassily de Basil and his associates. She joined that

"Balalaika (film)"
new star, Lydia Pavlovna Marakova (Ilona Massey), is blackmailed into attending the officers' party and is expected to choose a ""favoured one."" She intrigues Karagin when she makes good her escape instead. Masquerading as a poor music student, Karagin insinuating himself into Lydia's family and circle of musician friends, unaware that they are dedicated revolutionaries. He discovers his larcenous orderly, Nikki Poppov (Charlie Ruggles), courting the Marakovs' maid, Masha (Joyce Compton). Karagin then bullies Ivan Danchenoff (Frank Morgan), Director of the Imperial Opera, into giving Lydia an audition; Danchenoff is pleasantly surprised to find that (unlike the 60 other women

"Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)"
was only later introduced in the show. He initially appeared as a guest-star in the episode ""Yesterday"" of the second season, becoming a series regular from the third season episode ""Sometimes a Fantasy"", first broadcast in October 2006. Casting director Linda Lowy gave the insight: ""You can't forget about McSteamy. We cast (Dane) for one episode, and I think the women across the nation went kind of crazy. Everyone was talking about him, so we decided to make him a regular."" In July 2012, TVLine announced Dane would leave the show after the first two episodes of the ninth season.

Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy) Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series ""Grey's Anatomy"", portrayed by Eric Dane. Created by showrunner Shonda Rhimes, the character was introduced in season two as Derek Shepherd's best friend who caused the end of Shepherd's marriage by sleeping with his wife, Addison Montgomery-Shepherd. He moves to Seattle in season three and becomes Seattle Grace Hospital's new plastics attending to reconcile with Derek, and is dubbed ""McSteamy"" by the female interns for his good looks. Mark's focal storyline in the series involved his romantic relationship with Lexie Grey,

Perry); and at the end of season five, asks her to move in with him. Though Lexie initially declines, he remains committed to their relationship, and she agrees early in season six. Mark discovers that he has an 18-year-old daughter, Sloan Riley (Leven Rambin), who arrives seeking his support after becoming pregnant and being evicted by her mother. Mark permits her to move in with him, which angers Lexie. When Lexie makes it clear that she knew that Mark would choose his own daughter over her, she puts an end to their relationship. Sloan experiences difficulties in her pregnancy, so

"Tessa Ferrer"
Tessa Ferrer Tessa Rose Ferrer (born March 30, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Dr. Leah Murphy, a surgical intern then resident, in ""Grey's Anatomy"". She is the daughter of singer Debby Boone and Gabriel Ferrer. In 2012, Shonda Rhimes cast Ferrer in a recurring role as Dr. Leah Murphy in Season 9 of the ABC drama series ""Grey's Anatomy"". In June 2013 she was promoted to series regular for season 10; however, in , it was announced that she would be exiting the show at the end of the season. In 2016 season 13, episode

"Erica Hahn"
Hahn transfers to Seattle Grace Hospital in the season four episode, ""Haunt You Everyday"", after performing a successful heart transplant at the request of the Chief of Surgery, Richard Webber. She takes on the role previously held by Burke, Seattle Grace's Head of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Hahn cultivates an antagonistic relationship with Burke's former protégée Cristina Yang, refusing to let her scrub in on surgeries, and constantly criticizing her overly enthusiastic behavior. She later confesses to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) that she is purposely hard on Cristina, as she reminds her of herself as a Resident. The character deflects the romantic

"Eric Dane"
Jack & Jane"", ""Sol Goode"", ""Feast"", """", and starred in ""Open Water 2"". In 2005, Dane guested as Dr. Mark Sloan (nicknamed ""McSteamy"" by Meredith Grey) in ""Yesterday"", the eighteenth episode of the second season of the ABC medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"". Positive audience reaction to the character led to Dane's becoming a regular in the show's third season. His first appearance in the season, in which he walked out of the bathroom soaking wet and wearing only a strategically placed towel, was labeled a ""watercooler moment"". Dane resigned from the show after the end of season 8, but appeared

"Arizona Robbins"
Arizona Robbins Arizona Robbins, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC television series ""Grey's Anatomy"", portrayed by Jessica Capshaw. She was introduced in the show's fifth season as an attending surgeon and the new chief of pediatric surgery. Originally contracted to appear in three episodes, Capshaw's contract was extended to the remainder of the fifth season, with her becoming a series regular in the sixth season. Robbins has been characterized as ""quirky"" and ""perky"", and is well known for wearing wheely sneakers and a Holly Hobbie pink scrub cap, designed to appeal to her younger patients. She was established

love with their trauma colleague, Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). Sloan returns unexpectedly and gives birth to a son. She reconsiders having the baby adopted, but when Mark reassures her that he will support her no matter what, gives the baby to an adoptive couple from Washington. In the sixth-season finale, a gunman commits mass murder at the hospital. Mark helps Lexie save Alex, her new boyfriend. In the aftermath of the shooting, Lexie has a nervous breakdown and Mark has her committed to the psychiatric unit. Their friendship is strained, however Lexie softens towards him when she learns that he

finale. Rhimes said that Raver had been offered a contract renewal, but declined. In July 2012, Dane (Sloan) confirmed that he was departing the show to pursue other projects; he made his final appearances in the first two episodes of the ninth season. With the start of season 10, Camilla Luddington, Jerrika Hinton, Gaius Charles and Tessa Ferrer were introduced to the show as series regulars. They were first introduced to the show in season 9 as new interns. On August 13, 2013, Oh (Cristina) announced that the show's tenth season would be her final one. In March 2014 it

OPEC
of ""the top 100 most influential people in the shipping industry"". However, the influence of OPEC on international trade is periodically challenged by the expansion of non-OPEC energy sources, and by the recurring temptation for individual OPEC countries to exceed production targets and pursue conflicting self-interests. As of June 2018, OPEC has 15 member countries: six in the Middle East (Western Asia), seven in Africa, and two in South America. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC's combined rate of oil production (including gas condensate) represented 44 percent of the world's total in 2016, and OPEC accounted for

OPEC
81.5 percent of the world's ""proven"" oil reserves, including 48 percent from just the six Middle Eastern members:. Approval of a new member country requires agreement by three-quarters of OPEC's existing members, including all five of the founders. In October 2015, Sudan formally submitted an application to join, but it is not yet a member. Qatar intends to leave OPEC on 1 January 2019. For countries that export petroleum at relatively low volume, their limited negotiating power as OPEC members would not necessarily justify the burdens imposed by OPEC production quotas and membership costs. Ecuador withdrew from OPEC in December

OPEC
a neutral location, and so the organization chose Geneva, Switzerland. On 1 September 1965, OPEC moved to Vienna, Austria, after Switzerland declined to extend diplomatic privileges. During 1961–1975, the five founding nations were joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962–2008, rejoined 2014-2016), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirates (originally just the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, 1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973–1992, rejoined 2007), and Gabon (1975–1994, rejoined 2016). By the early 1970s, OPEC's membership accounted for more than half of worldwide oil production. Indicating that OPEC is not averse to further expansion, Mohammed Barkindo, OPEC's Acting Secretary General in 2006, urged

OPEC
from 1 January 2019.. By continent, two are South American, seven African, and six are Asian (Middle East). Two-thirds of OPEC's oil production and reserves are in its six Middle-Eastern countries that surround the oil-rich Persian Gulf. The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil

OPEC
OPEC lost its two newest members, who had joined in the mid-1970s. Ecuador withdrew in December 1992, because it was unwilling to pay the annual US$2 million membership fee and felt that it needed to produce more oil than it was allowed under the OPEC quota, although it rejoined in October 2007. Similar concerns prompted Gabon to suspend membership in January 1995; it rejoined in July 2016. Iraq has remained a member of OPEC since the organization's founding, but Iraqi production was not a part of OPEC quota agreements from 1998 to 2016, due to the country's daunting political difficulties.

OPEC
OPEC The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is an intergovernmental organisation of nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria. the 15 countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's ""proven"" oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so called ""Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies. The stated mission of the organisation is to ""coordinate and unify the petroleum policies

OPEC
of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry."" The organization is also a significant provider of information about the international oil market. Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia (the de facto leader), United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Indonesia is a former member, and Qatar will no longer be a member of OPEC

OPEC
his African neighbors Angola and Sudan to join, and Angola did in 2007, followed by Equatorial Guinea in 2017. Since the 1980s, representatives from Egypt, Mexico, Norway, Oman, Russia, and other oil-exporting nations have attended many OPEC meetings as observers, as an informal mechanism for coordinating policies. In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab majority of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) declared significant production cuts and an oil embargo against the United States and other industrialized nations that supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War. A previous embargo attempt was largely ineffective

OPEC
1992, because it was unwilling to pay the annual US$2 million membership fee and felt that it needed to produce more oil than it was allowed under its OPEC quota at the time, although it rejoined in October 2007. Similar concerns prompted Gabon to suspend membership in January 1995; it rejoined in July 2016. In May 2008, Indonesia announced that it would leave OPEC when its membership expired at the end of that year, having become a net importer of oil and being unable to meet its production quota. It rejoined the organization in January 2016, but announced another ""temporary

OPEC
Longtime oil analyst Daniel Yergin ""described the relationship between OPEC and shale as 'mutual coexistence', with both sides learning to live with prices that are lower than they would like."" In December 2017, Russia and OPEC agreed to extend the production cut of 1.8million barrels/day until the end of 2018. Qatar announced it will withdraw from OPEC effective 1st of January 2019. According to the New York Times, this constitutes a strategic response to the ongoing Qatar boycott by Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt. OPEC The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is an intergovernmental

"You're Welcome (Angel)"
plotting revenge. This episode features the death and final onscreen appearance of Cordelia. The episode was written to reinforce the show's earlier themes, and examine the evolution of the characters in the show's one hundred episodes. The original plan was for Sarah Michelle Gellar to return as Buffy Summers, but when she could not appear due to the death of her aunt and work obligations, it instead focused on rounding off the character of Cordelia. The episode proved generally popular with critics, who praised Charisma Carpenter's final performance as Cordelia and the sense of resolution for the character. In a

"As You Were (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)"
Later that evening, Buffy and Spike sleep under a blanket together and Spike wakes to find Riley has walked in on them. Riley then accuses Spike of being ""The Doctor"" and demands to know where the eggs are. Spike tries to explain that he's holding the eggs for a friend (which explains Spike's ignorance about how dangerous the eggs are without refrigeration.) The whole gang gathers to say goodbye to Sam and Riley. While Riley describes to Xander where and how his wedding took place, Sam and Willow confirm that they have each other's e-mail addresses for future contact. A

"Hell's Bells (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)"
Xander's drinking. Years later, in their kitchen, Anya yells at Xander for ruining her life and blames him for her misery. He yells back, raising a frying pan - but the vision of the future abruptly ends as he hurls the pan at her. Xander, shocked by the visions, is warned by the old man not to marry Anya. Buffy finds Spike alone and the two talk about the wedding and Spike's attempt to make her jealous with his date. After he finds that his efforts worked, Spike realizes it's best to just leave and takes his date away. Willow

"The Wish (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)"
The Wish (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) ""The Wish"" is the ninth episode of season three of ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"". It was written by Marti Noxon, directed by David Greenwalt, and first broadcast on December 8, 1998. Cordelia returns to school only to be rejected by Harmony and her former clique, who taunt her as ""Xander's castoff"". She goes to The Bronze where Buffy accidentally humiliates her further by knocking her into a pile of trash in front of her friends. Cordelia decides that Buffy is to blame for her predicament. The next day, new girl Anya gives Cordelia an

"Dawn Summers"
their relationship. Buffy compares their behavior to that of her parents prior to their divorce. It is revealed that when Dawn was brought back she was reset emotionally. While she still remembers her relationship with Xander she does not feel love for him anymore and recently re-experienced her grief for her mother's death, among other traumas. The arrival of Dawn Summers is foreshadowed in cryptic dream sequences in both the Season Three finale ""Graduation Day, Part Two"" and the Season Four episode ""This Year's Girl"", in which a still-comatose Faith says, while making a bed with Buffy in her bedroom,

"Buffy Summers"
Buffy loses her virginity to Angel, an event which triggers the loss of his soul and unleashes his sadistic alter-ego, Angelus. Angelus proceeds to subject the characters to mental and physical torture for the remainder of the season. In the final episode of season two, Buffy is forced to reveal her identity as the Slayer to her mother (Kristine Sutherland), and send the newly good Angel to hell in order to save the world. She then leaves Sunnydale for Los Angeles in the hopes of escaping her life as the Slayer. Season three (1998–1999) sees Buffy reconnect to her calling,

"Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 5)"
become a main character. Willow (Alyson Hannigan) also appears in the episode in a conversation with Cordelia (Charisma Carpenter) over the phone. Willow comes to L.A. in the ""Angel"" season two finale, ""There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb"" to deliver the news to Angel that Buffy had died. The series was included in the American Film Institute's list for the best drama series of the year. Sarah Michelle Gellar was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. Joss Whedon was nominated for a Nebula Award for Best Script for ""The Body"". The series was

to convince him otherwise, but fails, and sadly, the two part ways. Buffy, Willow and Dawn sit around at the house and talk about what happened with Xander and Anya. They feel sorry for both of them and wonder where Xander is. Meanwhile, Xander checks into a motel by himself. Devastated, Anya sits alone until D'Hoffryn offers her sympathy, comfort, and her job as a vengeance demon back. This episode was nominated for three Emmy Awards, the most for a year in the show's history: ""The Watcher's Guide 3"" reveals cut dialogue which explains Giles' absence: Hell's Bells (Buffy the

"Buffy the Vampire Slayer"
been dead for 147 days, but Buffy's friends resurrect her through a powerful spell, believing they have rescued her from a Hell dimension. Buffy returns in a deep depression, explaining (several episodes later) that she had been in Heaven and is devastated to be pulled back to Earth. Giles returns to England because he has concluded that Buffy has become too reliant on him, while Buffy takes up a fast-food job to support herself and Dawn, and develops a secret, mutually abusive relationship with Spike. Dawn suffers from kleptomania and feelings of alienation, Xander leaves Anya at the altar (after

Anya's demon friends invading his apartment. Xander's parents arrive and Mrs. Harris rants about not being in the wedding pictures and Mr. Harris bluntly expresses his distaste for the ""circus people"" on Anya's side. Xander's cousin Carol asks Xander if Anya's demon friend Kroven would be interested in dating her. Outside on the streets of Sunnydale, an old man appears out of thin air and walks off, a purpose in mind. Buffy forces Xander into his cummerbund and works on his bow tie while offering her happy wishes to Xander on his special day. Tara and Willow button Anya into

"Zone defense"
and one defender guards a specific player on the offense. A variant of this is triangle-and-two, in which three defenders are in a 2–1 zone and two defenders guard two specific offensive players. Zone defenses are common in international, college, and youth competition. In the National Basketball Association, zone defenses were prohibited until the 2001–2002 season, and most teams do not use them as a primary defensive strategy. The NBA has a defensive three-second violation rule, which makes it more difficult for teams to play zone, since such defenses usually position a player in the middle of the key to

"Man-to-man defense"
defense, those defenders are generally teammates staying close to their own assigned offensive player, and thus are often not in good position to offer help should a weaker defender be eluded by the offensive player he is trying to guard. Zone defenses were disallowed by the National Basketball Association in 1947. During this period, an illegal defense violation was called when a defender was either guarding an area instead of a specific offensive player, or was double teaming an offensive player away from the ball. A rule change in 2001 eventually permitted zone defense, but also specified that a defender

stop penetration. The Dallas Mavericks under coach Rick Carlisle are an example of an NBA team that have regularly used zone defenses. Frank Lindley, Newton, KS High School basketball coach from 1914 to 1945, was among the first to use the zone defense and other innovations in the game and authored numerous books about basketball. He finished his career with a record of 594–118 and guided the Railroaders to ten state titles and seven second-place finishes. Jim Boeheim, coach of the Syracuse Orange men's basketball team, is famous for using a 2-3 zone that is among the best in the

"Line defense"
Line defense Line defense is a strategy used in basketball. It is referred to as the ""line defense"" because of its formation on the court, which consists of two lines of defense. Three players at the front of the defense (at the half-court center line) and two players behind (between the center line and the team's own key). The line was the first zone concept to be used in basketball. The line defense was developed to counter the fast break plays that were being developed, and adopted, at the time. The line defense was the catalyst of the future 3-2

"2–3 zone defense"
2–3 zone defense The 2–3 zone defense is a defensive strategy used in basketball as an alternative to man-to-man defense. It is referred to as the 2–3 because of its formation on the court, which consists of two players at the front of the defense (and closer to half court) and three players behind (and closer to the team's basket). In 1914, Eli Camden ""Cam"" Henderson's Bristol High School first used a 3-2 zone defense against Clair Bee's team, Grafton YMCA, in West Virginia. The zone defense was used because the gym floor was made of green pine and it

charge in the ""restricted zone"" (see below for more details). Blocking is physical contact between the offensive player and the defensive player. Blocking fouls are issued when a defensive player interferes with the path of the offensive player in the shooting motion. Blocking fouls are easily called when the defensive player is standing in the ""restricted zone"". Restricted zone: In 1997, the NBA introduced an arc of a 4-foot (1.22 m) radius around the basket, in which an offensive foul for charging could not be assessed. This was to prevent defensive players from attempting to draw an offensive foul on

coach Jim Boeheim led his team to an NCAA Tournament championship playing the 2-3 zone, which has become Boeheim's trademark. The widespread use of the 2–3 zone is likely due to its somewhat intuitive operation. The two players on the top of the zone are usually a team's guards, and they guard the zones closest to them on the perimeter and three-point arc. In the same way, a team's forwards guard the sides of the zone and its center guards the lane and center of the defense. As the opposing team moves with the basketball around the court, the ""zone

"Block (basketball)"
until the 2009–10 season). Nicknames for blocked shots include ""rejections,"" ""stuffs,"" ""bushed"", ""fudged"", or notably ""double-fudged"" (two-handed blocks), ""facials,"" ""swats,"" ""denials,"" and ""packs."" Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973–74 season. Largely due to their height and position near the basket, centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks, but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers, an example being Dwyane Wade, the shortest player, at 6'4"", to record 100 blocked shots in a single season. A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to

of ""pass coverage"". See American football defensive strategy and zone blocking. The zone defence tactic, borrowed from basketball, was introduced into Australian football in the late 1980s by Robert Walls and revolutionized the game. It was used most effectively by Essendon Football Club coach Kevin Sheedy. The tactic is used from the fullback kick in after a behind is scored. The side in opposition to the player kicking in places their forward players, including their full-forward and centre half forward, in evenly spaced zones in the back 50-metre arc. This makes it easier for them to block leading players and

Cylinder
. The area of the side is known as the """", . An ""open cylinder"" does not include either top or bottom elements, and therefore has surface area (lateral area) The surface area of the solid right circular cylinder is made up the sum of all three components: top, bottom and side. Its surface area is therefore, where is the diameter of the circular top or bottom. For a given volume, the right circular cylinder with the smallest surface area has . Equivalently, for a given surface area, the right circular cylinder with the largest volume has , that is,

Cylinder
of the two bases. The bare term ""cylinder"" often refers to a solid cylinder with circular ends perpendicular to the axis, that is, a right circular cylinder, as shown in the figure. The cylindrical surface without the ends is called an """". The formulae for the surface area and the volume of a right circular cylinder have been known from early antiquity. A right circular cylinder can also be thought of as the solid of revolution generated by rotating a rectangle about one of its sides. These cylinders are used in an integration technique (the ""disk method"") for obtaining volumes

Cylinder
where is the area of the base ellipse (= ). This result for right elliptic cylinders can also be obtained by integration, where the axis of the cylinder is taken as the positive -axis and the area of each elliptic cross-section, thus: Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume of a right circular cylinder can be calculated by integration over Having radius and altitude (height) , the surface area of a right circular cylinder, oriented so that its axis is vertical, consists of three parts: The area of the top and bottom bases is the same, and is called the ""base area"",

Cylinder
the cylinders' common axis, as in the diagram. Let the height be , internal radius , and external radius . The volume is given by Thus, the volume of a cylindrical shell equals 2(average radius)(altitude)(thickness). The surface area, including the top and bottom, is given by Cylindrical shells are used in a common integration technique for finding volumes of solids of revolution. In the treatise by this name, written c. 225 BCE, Archimedes obtained the result of which he was most proud, namely obtaining the formulas for the volume and surface area of a sphere by exploiting the relationship between

"Cylinder (engine)"
by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement can be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders. Presented symbolically, A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make near contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; essential to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall's durable surface. During

Cylinder
the line segment joining these points is part of the cylindric section. If such a plane contains two elements, it has a rectangle as a cylindric section, otherwise the sides of the cylindric section are portions of an ellipse. Finally, if a plane contains more than two points of a base, it contains the entire base and the cylindric section is a circle. In the case of a right circular cylinder with a cylindric section that is an ellipse, the eccentricity of the cylindric section and semi-major axis of the cylindric section depend on the radius of the cylinder and

Cylinder
of solids of revolution. A cylindric section is the intersection of a cylinder's surface with a plane. They are, in general, curves and are special types of ""plane sections"". The cylindric section by a plane that contains two elements of a cylinder is a parallelogram. Such a cylindric section of a right cylinder is a rectangle. A cylindric section in which the intersecting plane intersects and is perpendicular to all the elements of the cylinder is called a """". If a right section of a cylinder is a circle then the cylinder is a circular cylinder. In more generality, if

Cylinder
hoped that context makes the meaning clear. In this article both points of view are presented and distinguished by referring to ""solid cylinders"" and ""cylindrical surfaces"", but keep in mind that in the literature the unadorned term cylinder could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the ""right circular cylinder"". The definitions and results in this section are taken from the 1913 text, ""Plane and Solid Geometry"" by George Wentworth and David Eugene Smith . A """" is a surface consisting of all the points on all the lines which are parallel to a given

Cylinder
boundary is a circle) the cylinder is called a "". In some elementary treatments, a cylinder always means a circular cylinder. The "" (or altitude) of a cylinder is the perpendicular distance between its bases. The cylinder obtained by rotating a line segment about a fixed line that it is parallel to is a '. A cylinder of revolution is a right circular cylinder. The height of a cylinder of revolution is the length of the generating line segment. The line that the segment is revolved about is called the ' of the cylinder and it passes through the centers

Cylinder
a right section of a cylinder is a conic section (parabola, ellipse, hyperbola) then the solid cylinder is said to be parabolic, elliptic or hyperbolic respectively. For a right circular cylinder, there are several ways in which planes can meet a cylinder. First, consider planes that intersect a base in at most one point. A plane is tangent to the cylinder if it meets the cylinder in a single element. The right sections are circles and all other planes intersect the cylindrical surface in an ellipse. If a plane intersects a base of the cylinder in exactly two points then

"A Goofy Movie"
fishing trip out of fear that Max is drifting away from him, unintentionally interfering with Max's social life, particularly his relationship with Roxanne, his high school crush. It features the voices of Jason Marsden, Bill Farmer, Jim Cummings, Kellie Martin, Pauly Shore, Jenna von Oÿ, and Wallace Shawn, and prominently features the singing voice of Tevin Campbell as Powerline, a fictional pop star. The film was also dedicated to Pat Buttram, who died during the film's production. ""A Goofy Movie"" was released theatrically on April 7, 1995, by Walt Disney Pictures to mixed reviews from critics and moderate box office

and paint by the Pixibox studio in France. According to Bill Farmer, who provided the voice talent for Goofy, in a panel interview, producers had asked him to give Goofy a ""normal dad voice"" as opposed to the voice he traditionally gives the character, but Farmer refused to, stating that ""no one wants to hear that."" The voice of Max was done by Jason Marsden, whereas his singing voice was done by Aaron Lohr. The film is dedicated to Pat Buttram, who voiced the emcee at possum park, as he died after finishing voice work for the film. The score

"Lonny Ross"
Lonny Ross Lonny Ross (born 1978) is an American comedy actor and writer. Ross was born in Wantagh, New York. He attended and graduated from Wantagh High School in 1996. As part of the ensemble on the NBC sitcom ""30 Rock"", he received a nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award for his work as Josh Girard, the naive yet lovable sketch comedy actor. On a DVD commentary, Tina Fey described him as ""funny and nice."" Lonny also appeared on the Cartoon Network live action series, ""Level Up"", as Max Ross, the eccentric billionaire video-game designer. Lonny participated in a

and canine stars."" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 47 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave ""Max"" an average grade of ""A"" on an A+ to F scale. A sequel, """", was released theatrically on May 5, 2017. It released digitally on May 9, 2017, and released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 23, 2017. Max (2015 film) Max is a 2015 American family adventure drama film directed by Boaz Yakin, and co-written with Sheldon Lettich. The film stars Josh Wiggins,

success. It has since gained a cult following among millennials. A direct-to-video sequel to the film titled ""An Extremely Goofy Movie"" was released in February 2000. Goofy is the single father of teenager Max Goof, although the two have a tense relationship. On the last day of school before summer vacation, Max and his best friends P.J. and Robert ""Bobby"" Zimuruski hijack the auditorium stage in the middle of Principal Mazur's speech, creating a small concert where Max performs, while costumed as the pop singer Powerline. The performance succeeds in making Max a school celebrity and impressing his love interest,

"Bill Farmer"
Bill Farmer William Farmer (born November 14, 1952) is an American voice actor and comedian. He has performed the voice of the Disney character Goofy since 1987, and is also the current voice of Pluto and Horace Horsecollar. Farmer was born on November 14, 1952 in Pratt, Kansas, as the second child in his family. His parents were of English and Welsh descent. Farmer's first job, at the age of 15, involved doing voices, especially those of Western stars like John Wayne or Walter Brennan. He and his friends would sometimes go through fast food drive-thrus and order foods in

"Max Goof"
Max Goof Maximilian ""Max"" Goof is a fictional character who is the son of the popular Disney character Goofy. He first appeared in the 1992 television series ""Goof Troop"" as a preteen. He later appeared as a teenager in the spin-off movie ""A Goofy Movie"" (1995), its direct-to-video sequel ""An Extremely Goofy Movie"" (2000), and in the 2001 TV series ""House of Mouse"" as a parking valet. He appeared as a child in the direct-to-video film ""Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas"" (1999) and as a young adult in its sequel ""Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas"" (2004). Max has also appeared

Max (2015 film) Max is a 2015 American family adventure drama film directed by Boaz Yakin, and co-written with Sheldon Lettich. The film stars Josh Wiggins, Mia Xitlali, Dejon LaQuake, Thomas Haden Church, Robbie Amell, Lauren Graham, Luke Kleintank, and Jay Hernandez. The film was released by Warner Bros. on June 26, 2015. Max, a Malinois used to help U.S. Marines in Afghanistan, is handled by Kyle Wincott (Robbie Amell) (Marine MWD). Kyle is questioned when weapons seized by his squad go missing. Realizing his friend Tyler Harne (Luke Kleintank) is among those involved with the shady dealings, he warns

"Tony Pope"
Tony Pope Anthony Pope (March 22, 1947 – February 11, 2004), also known as ""Anthony Mozdy"" and ""Anthony Modzy"", was an American voice actor. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio and was known for providing the voice of Furby in English and five other languages. He was also the voice of Goofy for 11 years garnering 17 Gold and Platinum records. His voice is prominent at Disneyland on several rides, as well as in the JumpStart products by Knowledge Adventure. Pope was married to actress Patricia Lentz; together they have three children. He died on February 11, 2004 from complications

"Mad Max"
voice of Charlie (played by John Ley) through the mechanical voice box, and Officer Jim Goose (Steve Bisley), singing as he drives a truck before being ambushed. Since Mel Gibson was not well known to American audiences at the time, trailers and television spots in the United States emphasised the film's action content. The original Australian dialogue track was finally released in North America in 2000 in a limited theatrical reissue by MGM, the film's current rights holders. It has since been released in the US on DVD with the US and Australian soundtracks on separate tracks. Upon its release,

1988. There was a new ""high output"" version of the 5.8L Windsor beginning in 1984. A noticeable change was made to the F-Series in 1982 as the Ford ""Blue Oval"" was added to the center of the grill, also the Ranger and Custom trims were no longer available. The Ranger name had been shifted onto the all-new compact pickup developed as a replacement for the Courier. The new trim levels were a no-badge base model (essentially the new Custom), XL, a very rare XLS, and XLT Lariat. 1983 marked the final year of the F-100, making the F-150 the lightest

"Ford F-650"
two-door cab, the crew cab was again available. For the first time, Ford offered the SuperCab on the medium-duty line; it was also available with 4 doors as well as all other Ford SuperCab trucks. While smaller Super Duty trucks received periodic updates, the only external update to the medium-duty trucks was the adoption of a three-slot grille in 2004. In 2012, the interior was updated; the design seen since 2000 was replaced by the design introduced in Super Duty pickups for 2011. Introduced at the 2014 National Truck Equipment Association Work Truck Show, the 2016 versions of the F-650

with a 2.7L EcoBoost V6 added alongside the 3.5L EcoBoost V6. While the 6.2L V8 was withdrawn, the 5.0L V8 continued as an option, with a 6-speed automatic as the sole transmission. For the 2018 model year, the Ford F-150 underwent a mid-cycle redesign, being revealed at the 2017 New York International Auto Show. Following the introduction of the 2017 Super Duty model line, the F-Series (F-150 through F-550 and Ford Raptor) are again manufactured using a common cab (for the first time since 1996). For 2018, the F-150 shifted from the long-running 3-bar design used on Ford trucks to

use of galvanized steel, Super-cab was introduced in the sixth generation pickup. The FE engine series was discontinued in 1976 after a nearly 20-year run, replaced by the more modern 351 series (Modified) and 400 series engines. In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979

places F-250, F-250 HD, and F-350 were built and sold as pickup trucks models. Despite being produced only in General Pacheco, Argentina and São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil assemblies (located in South America) F-250s, F-250 HDs, and F-350s were shipped from South America to the United States as imports from 1987 to 1997. For the 1992 model year, the body-shell of the 1980 F-Series was given another major upgrade. To further improve its aerodynamics, the forward bodywork was given a slightly lower hoodline, rounding the front fenders and grille; in addition, the changes matched the F-Series with the design of

the newly introduced Explorer and redesigned E-Series and Ranger. Along with the exterior updates, the interior received a complete redesign. Dormant since 1987, the FlareSide bed made its return as an option for 1992. To increase its appeal for younger buyers, the bed bodywork was redesigned, borrowing the sides of the F-350 dual-rear wheel bed (fitted to the narrower F-150 single-wheel chassis). To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the first Ford factory-produced truck (the 1917 Ford Model TT), Ford offered a 75th anniversary package on its 1992 F-series, consisting of a stripe package, an argent colored step bumper, and special

pickup in 1961 with the fourth generation F-Series. Longer and lower than its predecessors, these trucks had increased dimensions and new engine and gearbox choices. Additionally, the 1961–1963 models were constructed as a unibody design with the cab and bed integrated. This proved unpopular and Ford reverted to the traditional separate cab/bed design in 1964. In 1965, the F-Series was given a significant mid-cycle redesign. A completely new platform, including the ""Twin I-Beam"" front suspension, was introduced that would be used until 1996 on the F-150 and until 2016 on the F-250/350 4x2. Additionally that year, the Ranger name made

"Lee Baldwin"
intimate. Their second attempt at marriage ended in divorce soon afterwards due to her pre-occupation with Luke's ongoing problems. On July 13, 2017, Lucy comes to Scott to report Lee's passing (actor Peter Hansen died on April 9). Lee Baldwin Lee Baldwin is a fictional character on the daytime dramas ""General Hospital"" and ""Port Charles"". Ross Elliott originated the role on ""General Hospital"" in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin. A

Lee Baldwin Lee Baldwin is a fictional character on the daytime dramas ""General Hospital"" and ""Port Charles"". Ross Elliott originated the role on ""General Hospital"" in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin. A recovering alcoholic, Lee is a pillar in the community and has a thriving law practice. Scott has sometimes been a disappointment to Lee over the years but these days, Lee couldn't be more proud of Scott and the

"Peter Hansen (actor)"
of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Peter Hansen (actor) Peter Franklin Hansen (December 5, 1921 – April 9, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his role as a lawyer Lee Baldwin, on the soap opera ""General Hospital"", playing the role from 1965 to 1976, 1977 to 1986, briefly in 1990, and again from 1992 to 2004. In 1989, he appeared in the movie ""The War of the Roses"" with Danny DeVito, Kathleen Turner, and Michael Douglas. Hansen was born on December 5, 1921 in Oakland, California. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Hansen served in World

"George Dzundza"
Greevey in the first season before leaving the show. His other, lesser-known acting work includes an appearance on ""The Waltons"" (1975), playing the Archie Bunker-like father in the short-lived Christina Applegate sitcom ""Jesse"", and voicing supervillain the Ventriloquist in """" and Perry White in """", as well as numerous minor roles within both shows. His Broadway theatre credits include Terrence McNally's ""The Ritz"". In 2005, he played Anubis (aka ""Jim"") in the ""Stargate SG-1"" Season 8 episode ""Threads"". Dzundza portrayed George O'Malley's father Harold on ""Grey's Anatomy"". George Dzundza George Dzundza ( ; born July 19, 1945) is an American

Peter Hansen (actor) Peter Franklin Hansen (December 5, 1921 – April 9, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his role as a lawyer Lee Baldwin, on the soap opera ""General Hospital"", playing the role from 1965 to 1976, 1977 to 1986, briefly in 1990, and again from 1992 to 2004. In 1989, he appeared in the movie ""The War of the Roses"" with Danny DeVito, Kathleen Turner, and Michael Douglas. Hansen was born on December 5, 1921 in Oakland, California. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Hansen served in World War II in the United States Marine Corps

"Christian Shephard"
Christian Shephard Dr. Christian Shephard is a fictional character on the ABC television series ""Lost"" played by John Terry. He is the father of lead characters Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox), who becomes the de facto leader of the survivors of Oceanic 815 after it crashes on an island, and Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin), another of the survivors on the Island. Christian died of an alcohol-induced heart attack days before the flight, leading to much of his story being told through flashbacks. In the fourth season and fifth season he is again featured on the Island several times, seemingly acting

"Kin Shriner"
Kin Shriner Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Scott Baldwin on the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"" and its spin-off ""Port Charles"". Shriner and his twin brother, actor Wil Shriner, were born in New York City to the late Eileen ""Pixie"" McDermott and Herb Shriner, a popular television personality. The boys' parents died in an automobile accident when the twins were teenagers, after which the brothers moved to Texas to live with their grandmother. Shriner was employed by Fuller Brush as a door-to-door salesman before becoming an actor. He was

"William Devane"
Award-winning TV movie ""Fear on Trial"" (1975). He is widely known for his ten years as the ambitious and hardnosed politician-turned-corporate titan Greg Sumner on ""Knots Landing"". In 1994, Devane appeared as Al Capone in """" in an episode entitled ""That Old Gang of Mine"". He also had a recurring role on the CBS show ""Early Edition"" (1996–2000) as the lead character's father. Devane appeared in the films ""McCabe & Mrs. Miller"" (1971); ""Lady Liberty"" (1971); ""Family Plot"" (1976), directed by Alfred Hitchcock; ""Marathon Man"" (1976); ""Rolling Thunder"" (1977); ""Yanks"" (1979); ""Testament"" (1983) with Jane Alexander; ""Timestalkers"" (1987) with Lauren

"William Baldwin"
stars Jason Segel and Kristen Bell, as Detective Hunter Rush. In February 2010, audiences got to hear his first time playing ""Batman"" in """", a loose adaptation of Grant Morrison's """" story. In 2010, Baldwin portrayed Dr. Willam van der Woodsen, father of Serena and Eric van der Woodsen, on the third and fourth seasons of ""Gossip Girl"". Baldwin was also featured with his brother Daniel in UniGlobe Entertainment's breast cancer docudrama, ""1 a Minute"". The documentary was made by Namrata Singh Gujral, and features breast cancer survivors Olivia Newton-John, Diahann Carroll, Melissa Etheridge, Namrata Singh Gujral, Mumtaz, Jaclyn Smith,

"Scott Baldwin"
by Jerry Jacks. Scott Baldwin Scott Baldwin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera ""General Hospital"" and its now-defunct spinoff ""Port Charles"". The character debuted played by child actors in the 1960s until Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977. Scotty is often remembered as part of the love triangle with Luke and Laura Spencer. When his wife Laura Webber left him for Luke Spencer, his devastation led to a drastic personality change. The character became one of ""General Hospital's"" long-running villains. However, on ""Port Charles"", the character was portrayed in a more heroic sense. The character was

"The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane"
The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane is a 2006 novel by Kate DiCamillo. Following the life of a china rabbit, the book won the 2006 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award in Fiction category. Edward Tulane is a china rabbit given to a ten-year-old girl named Abilene by her grandmother in the 1930s. He enjoys a pleasant but vain life with his young mistress, who treats him with the utmost love and respect, until an unfortunate incident finds him falling overboard while vacationing on the ""RMS Queen Mary"". Edward spends 297 days on the ocean floor,

the bestseller lists in major Korean bookstores as the alien repeatedly quotes from it throughout the series. The book was also quoted at a memorial service for Gustav Åhr by his mother. The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane is a 2006 novel by Kate DiCamillo. Following the life of a china rabbit, the book won the 2006 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award in Fiction category. Edward Tulane is a china rabbit given to a ten-year-old girl named Abilene by her grandmother in the 1930s. He enjoys a pleasant but vain life with his young mistress,

for sale in a doll store for several years. He is finally bought by Abilene, his original mistress, now married with a daughter of her own. The novel contains several themes involving loss and recovery, kindness and compassion, and the journey to self-discovery. The main theme can be summarized by a quote from the book: ""If you have no intention of loving or being loved, then the whole journey is pointless.""- The old doll ""The Miraculous Journey"" won the 2006 Boston Globe–Horn Book Award for children's fiction and a Parents' Choice Award for Spring 2006 fiction. It was a Quill

Awards finalist in the children's chapter book category. In 2007 the U.S. National Education Association named it one of ""Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children"" based on an online poll. In 2012 it was ranked number 59 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by ""School Library Journal"" – the third of three books by DiCamillo in the Top 100. The book was featured in ""My Love from the Star"", a 2014 Korean drama about an alien living on Earth for 400 years who falls in love with a popular actress. This propelled the novel to the top of

"The Story of San Michele"
The Story of San Michele The Story of San Michele is a book of memoirs by Swedish physician Axel Munthe (October 31, 1857 – February 11, 1949) first published in 1929 by British publisher John Murray. Written in English, it was a best-seller in numerous languages and has been republished constantly in the over seven decades since its original release. Munthe grew up in Sweden. At the age of seventeen, he was on a sailing trip which included a brief visit to the Italian island of Capri. Hiking up the Phoenician steps to the village of Anacapri, Munthe came across

"The Impossible (2017 novel)"
The Impossible (2017 novel) The Impossible: The Miraculous Story of a Mother's Faith and Her Child's Resurrection is a Christian novel written by American author Joyce Smith, alongside contributor Ginger Kolbaba. The book, released on November 7, 2017, tells the story of Joyce's 14-year-old son John, who fell through icy Lake St. Louis in Missouri. When Joyce Smith's fourteen-year-old son John fell through an icy Missouri lake one winter morning, she and her family had seemingly lost everything. At the hospital, John lay lifeless for more than sixty minutes. But Joyce was not ready to give up on her son.

"Amazing Grace"
Amazing Grace ""Amazing Grace"" is a Christian hymn published in 1779, with words written by the English poet and Anglican clergyman John Newton (1725–1807). Newton wrote the words from personal experience. He grew up without any particular religious conviction, but his life's path was formed by a variety of twists and coincidences that were often put into motion by others' reactions to what they took as his recalcitrant insubordination. He was pressed (conscripted) into service in the Royal Navy, and after leaving the service, he became involved in the Atlantic slave trade. In 1748, a violent storm battered his vessel

"The Mysterious Island"
The Mysterious Island The Mysterious Island () is a novel by Jules Verne, published in 1874. The original edition, published by Hetzel, contains a number of illustrations by Jules Férat. The novel is a crossover sequel to Verne's famous ""Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"" and ""In Search of the Castaways"", though its themes are vastly different from those books. An early draft of the novel, initially rejected by Verne's publisher and wholly reconceived before publication, was titled ""Shipwrecked Family: Marooned With Uncle Robinson,"" seen as indicating the influence of the novels ""Robinson Crusoe"" and ""The Swiss Family Robinson"". Verne

"Dudley J. LeBlanc"
then were exiled by the British in 1755. As a result of his research, LeBlanc wrote and published three books: ""The True Story of the Acadians"" in 1927, a revised ""improved version"" of the first book in 1932, and ""The Acadian Miracle"" in 1966. The books are considered to be seminal works in Acadian history and culture. In 2016, LeBlanc's granddaughter, award-winning author M. M. Le Blanc, revised, enhanced and edited his 1927 book as the 90th Anniversary Edition, and his 1966 book as the 50th Anniversary Edition. LeBlanc arranged three pilgrimages of ""Evangeline girls"" from Louisiana to Canada, stopping

"Gospel: a novel"
Gospel: a novel Gospel: a novel (, St. Martin's Press) is a 1993 novel by Wilton Barnhardt focusing on the composition and discovery of a (fictional) noncanonical gospel. The author travelled extensively in Europe, the Middle East and Africa while researching it. Unusually, his acknowledgements contain not only expressions of gratitude, but also a faux-anathema against the credit-card company which cancelled his card while he was travelling in the Sudan. The book contains two interwoven plots: the story of the gospel's author, set in the first century AD (who narrates his adventures in the form of the gospel itself); and

"Magic in Harry Potter"
extraordinarily high turnover of staff members—throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year. Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject. During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor ""Mad-eye"" Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven). Hagrid suggests in ""Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"" that """"They're startin' ter think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long

out of thin air). It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa—Minerva McGonagall, the class's teacher, transfigures her desk into a pig and back in ""Philosopher's Stone"". Defence Against the Dark Arts, commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts, and to be protected from Dark creatures. In ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"", with Death-Eaters in charge of the school, the subject is renamed the Dark Arts, and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions. The subject has an

"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"
him and Dumbledore. At Hogwarts, Harry learns that Dolores Umbridge, a senior employee in the Ministry of Magic, will be the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Umbridge and Harry clash, as she, like Fudge, refuses to believe that Voldemort has returned. She punishes Harry for his rebellious outbursts by having him write ""I must not tell lies"" with a cursed quill that carves the phrase into his skin. She also refuses to teach her students how to perform defensive spells, prompting Harry, Ron and Hermione to form their own Defence Against the Dark Arts group (with students from

"Department of Physical Education"
current Master of the Sword is COL Nicholas Gist, who has held the position since 2015. The department's stated mission is: DPE's motto, ""Set the standard, maintain the standard,"" characterizes its famously rigid adherence to established standards, which, along with the grueling Indoor Obstacle Course Test, has led to its being nicknamed ""Department of Pure Evil"" by cadets and graduates alike. Instructors and professors in DPE have a wide range of duties and responsibilities. In addition to evaluating one of the core physical program courses, instructors teach an elective lifetime sport and/or a cognitive exercise science or applied fitness course.

"Albus Dumbledore"
the Ministry of Magic does everything they can to discredit him and Harry – mainly through the ""Daily Prophet"". At the beginning of the book, Dumbledore enrages Fudge when he stops by at Harry's hearing with a witness (Arabella Figg) to ensure that he is not expelled. While Harry feels better when Dumbledore assists him, he becomes annoyed to the point of being angry that the headmaster refuses to speak to or even look at him. During the following year at Hogwarts, the Ministry passes Educational Decree Twenty-two, allowing Fudge to place Dolores Umbridge to the post of Defence Against

"Katherine Mills"
The Magic Circle. Katherine Mills Katherine Mills (born 1983) is an English magician and mentalist. She had her own show, ""Katherine Mills: Mind Games"", on cable channel Watch. She also appeared in the BAFTA Children's Award–winning show ""Help! My Supply Teacher's Still Magic"". When she was a teenager, Mills became interested in magic and, particularly, the work David Blaine (going as far as recording his magic tricks on television and rewatching them to figure out how they were done,) but gave it up when she went to university. She studied social psychology at Loughborough University. She hosted an event which

"Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Act"
Dalbholkar's daughter, Mukta, and other activists continue his campaign for a national-wide anti-superstition law. The bill has been criticised for being anti-Hindu and anti-religion. Dabholkar had responded to the criticism of the bill being anti-religious by stating that the bill does not mention god or religion, and that only targets fraudulent practices. Manav said that the Wakari sect will not find the bill objectionable, further saying that the law does not prohibit a person from performing a miracle. However, it is a crime if a person claims to perform a miracle and cheats someone. In the aftermath of Dabholkar's murder,

"Tim Larkin (self-defense)"
on an attacker's body for a strategic counterattack. The book debuted at #4 on the New York Times bestseller list, as well as on the USA Today bestseller list. In 2011, Black Belt Magazine named Larkin their ""Self-Defense Instructor of the Year"". In May 2012, Larkin was banned from entering the United Kingdom by British interior minister Theresa May due to his methods of training. The controversial decision was covered by a variety of news outlets including NBC News, BBC News, The Telegraph, The Independent, The Huffington Post, and others. Tim Larkin (self-defense) Tim Larkin is an American self-defense expert,

Quirrell is the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts during Harry's first year and secretly a follower of Lord Voldemort. Prior to his employment at Hogwarts, he is said by Hagrid to have had a ""brilliant mind"", and was a fine teacher while studying from books; some time before Harry's arrival at Hogwarts, ""he took a year off to get some first-hand experience"". Rowling stated in a live web chat on 30 July 2007 that Quirrell had worked at Hogwarts as Muggle Studies teacher for a certain length of time, before taking the cursed Defence Against the Dark

"Tara Brabazon"
in their first year of study. Tara Brabazon Tara Brabazon (born 3 January 1969) is the Dean of Graduate Research and the Professor of Cultural Studies at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia. fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce and director of the Popular Culture Collective. She has previously held academic positions in the UK, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Canada, won six teaching awards, published 17 books, written 200 refereed articles and contributed essays and opinion pieces on higher education and the arts. She received some media and online coverage for 'banning' students on her

Kaa
Kaa Kaa is a fictional character from ""The Jungle Book"" stories written by Rudyard Kipling. Kaa is one of Mowgli's trusted mentors and friends. First introduced in the story ""Kaa's Hunting"" in ""The Jungle Book"", Kaa is a huge and powerful snake, more than 100 years old and still in his prime. In ""Kaa's Hunting"", Bagheera and Baloo enlist Kaa's help to rescue Mowgli when the man-cub is kidnapped by Bandar-log (monkeys) and taken to an abandoned human city called the Cold Lairs. Kaa breaks down the wall of the building in which Mowgli is imprisoned in and uses his

Kaa
wanted it to be a lullaby, but it has a very mysterious sound."" Kaa Kaa is a fictional character from ""The Jungle Book"" stories written by Rudyard Kipling. Kaa is one of Mowgli's trusted mentors and friends. First introduced in the story ""Kaa's Hunting"" in ""The Jungle Book"", Kaa is a huge and powerful snake, more than 100 years old and still in his prime. In ""Kaa's Hunting"", Bagheera and Baloo enlist Kaa's help to rescue Mowgli when the man-cub is kidnapped by Bandar-log (monkeys) and taken to an abandoned human city called the Cold Lairs. Kaa breaks down the

Karu-Sil
a primitive and violent jungle world. At a very young age, her parents were slaughtered in a raid on her village by a rival tribe, and she was forced to fend for herself in the jungle. She was adopted by a pack of predators. In order to resemble her new family better she carved off her lips, permanently exposing her fanged teeth. Years later, as she drank water from a river, she was discovered by a young man from a nearby village. Though the man approaches her in friendship, she struck him down. As her pack began devouring the corpse,

Kaa
serpentine hypnosis to draw the monkeys toward his waiting jaws. Bagheera and Baloo are also hypnotized, but Mowgli is immune because he is human and breaks the spell on his friends. In ""The Second Jungle Book"", Kaa appears in the first half of the story ""The King's Ankus"". After Kaa and Mowgli spend some time relaxing, bathing and wrestling, Kaa persuades Mowgli to visit a treasure chamber guarded by an old cobra beneath the same Cold Lairs. The cobra tries to kill Mowgli but its poison has dried up. Mowgli takes a jeweled item away as a souvenir, not realizing

Kaa
Disney incarnations voiced by Sterling Holloway, Hal Smith, and Jim Cummings) desires to eat Mowgli. Luring him in by promising to keep him safe, she hypnotizes him and reveals that the boy came to live in the jungle when Shere Khan killed his father as they were travelling between villages and Bagheera found him. She also reveals to him the power of the ""Red Flower"" (fire) and its dangers in her vision. During her storytelling, she attempts to devour him, but Baloo spots and rescues Mowgli, denying her of her meal. She is not seen again for the rest of

Kaa
will ""never again associate with man-cubs"". Kaa then comes across Shanti, who is lost in the jungle in search for Mowgli. He successfully hypnotizes her and attempts to eat her, but is stopped by Ranjan. He is last seen being interrogated by Shere Khan about Mowgli's whereabouts, lying to the tiger that the boy is heading for the swamp. A far more menacing incarnation of the character appeared in the 1994 live-action adaptation. He was brought to life using an actual anaconda, but the bulk of his appearances were made using a mixture of CGI and animatronics. In the film,

Kaa
to eat him. He does this through the use of hypnotic eyes as opposed to the original version, in which he uses a serpentine dance to control his prey. Both of his attempts to eat Mowgli end in comical failure because he is interrupted right before he can swallow him. Kaa is depicted as cowardly, attempting to curry favor with Shere Khan whenever he is around. Voice actor Sterling Holloway decided to give Kaa a lisp, a condition that composers the Sherman Brothers brought into the character's song in ""The Jungle Book"", ""Trust in Me"". This particular version of Kaa

Kaa
Kaa seems to serve King Louie, killing any intruders to the city when Louie summons him. Kaa attacks Mowgli inside the monkey city by tackling him into the moat and attempting to drown him, but Mowgli wounds him with a bejewelled dagger, forcing the python to flee in a pool of his own blood. By the time Mowgli returns to the city with Captain William Boone (the main villain of the film) and Kitty, Kaa has fully healed from their prior confrontation. After defeating Boone, Mowgli flees with Kitty when he hears King Louie summoning the python. Boone starts gathering

"Forest cobra"
snake in captivity. Another specimen held at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia turned 35 on September 1, 2014. Forest cobra The forest cobra (""Naja melanoleuca""), also commonly called the black cobra and the black and white-lipped cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa, mostly the central and western parts of the continent. It is the largest true cobra species with a total length (including tail) of up to 3.1 meters (10 feet). Although it prefers lowland forest and moist savanna habitats, this cobra is highly adaptable and can be found

Mamba
Mamba Mambas are fast-moving venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis (which literally means ""tree asp"") in the family Elapidae. Four extant species are recognised currently; three of those four species are essentially arboreal and green in colour, whereas the so-called black mamba, ""Dendroaspis polylepis"", is largely terrestrial and generally brown or grey in colour. All are native to various regions in sub-Saharan Africa and all are feared throughout their ranges, especially the black mamba. In Africa there are many legends and stories about mambas. The three species of green mambas are arboreal, whereas the black mamba is largely terrestrial. All

"Ellen's Game of Games"
Ellen's Game of Games Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES, is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hour-long episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, ""The Ellen DeGeneres Show"". A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series

hosted by Grant Denyer which began on 7 October 2018. In Spain, Antena 3 will air a local version, hosted by Silvia Abril in 2018. Legend: Currently airing No longer airing Upcoming Ellen's Game of Games Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES, is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hour-long episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime

"The Ellen DeGeneres Show"
called ""Ellen's Game of Games"", based on the talk show's game segments. A preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official premiere airing on January 2, 2018 and is airing on Tuesdays. The first season has 8 one-hour-long episodes and the second season has 13 one-hour-long episodes and will air sometime in January 2019. The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including

show has won 59 Daytime Emmy Awards as of 2017, including four for Outstanding Talk Show and six for Outstanding Talk Show Entertainment, surpassing the record held by ""The Oprah Winfrey Show"", which won nine. The show also won 17 People's Choice Awards. The talk show's YouTube channel is currently charted as being in the top 20 most-subscribed YouTube channels. On January 4, 2016, it was announced that the show had been renewed for three additional seasons through 2020. The program combines comedy, celebrity, musical guests, and human-interest stories. The program often features audience participation games where prizes are awarded.

"Ellen's Design Challenge"
made and ""recognize[s] Katie as the legitimate winner of the show."" The controversy has since raised some questions whether it was a publicity stunt. Ellen's Design Challenge Ellen's Design Challenge is an American furniture design reality competition series that premiered on January 26, 2015, on HGTV. The six-episode first season was announced in April 2014, as the first cable television series executive produced by talk show host Ellen DeGeneres. In June 2015, HGTV renewed the series for a second season, that premiered on January 18, 2016. The competition series features six furniture designers competing together by showing their abilities in

Ellen's Design Challenge Ellen's Design Challenge is an American furniture design reality competition series that premiered on January 26, 2015, on HGTV. The six-episode first season was announced in April 2014, as the first cable television series executive produced by talk show host Ellen DeGeneres. In June 2015, HGTV renewed the series for a second season, that premiered on January 18, 2016. The competition series features six furniture designers competing together by showing their abilities in sketching, designing and building furniture within 24 hours. Contestants must demonstrate their creativity and versatility in order to impress a panel of judges after

The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including stations owned by NBCUniversal. For its first five seasons, the show was taped in Studio 11 at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. From season 6 onwards, the show moved to being taped at Stage 1 on the nearby Warner Bros. lot. Since the beginning of the sixth season, ""Ellen"" has been broadcast in high definition. The

identifying a celebrity, the contestant must press a button to move on to the next face. Contestants may pass if they are unsure but will need to wait three seconds until the next face automatically appears. Contestants earn an escalating amount of money based on the number of faces they correctly identify, as shown in the table below. Correctly identifying ten celebrities earns the grand prize of $100,000. In Germany, Sat.1 broadcasts a local version of the show hosted by Bülent Ceylan, which has broadcast since 14 September 2018. In Australia, Network Ten has a local version of the show,

Roseanne
nine. It premiered on March 27, 2018, to an initial audience of 18.44 million, which grew to 27.26 million total viewers following 7 days of delayed viewing. On March 30, 2018, following the success of its premiere, ""Roseanne"" was renewed for an eleventh season of thirteen episodes. ABC reversed its renewal decision and canceled ""Roseanne"" on May 29, 2018 after Barr likened former Obama administration official Valerie Jarrett to ""Planet of the Apes"", in a comment considered racist on Twitter which was described by the network's president as being ""abhorrent, repugnant, and inconsistent with our values."" On June 21, 2018,

"The Game (U.S. TV series)"
season. The eighth season premiered on January 14, 2015, at 10/9c, and the final season premiered on June 3, 2015, and ended on August 5, 2015. With the growing success of the UPN sitcom ""Girlfriends"", that show's creator and producers decided to create a spin-off series. On April 17, 2006, a ""Girlfriends"" episode called ""The Game"" focused on a young woman who decides to put her pending career plans on hold for the rising success of her star athlete boyfriend. The character, Melanie Barnett, was introduced in the episode as the first cousin of Joan Clayton, ""Girlfriends""' principal character. The

"The Joker's Wild"
TBS, with Snoop Dogg as host and co-executive producer with Michael Strahan. Jack Barry, who created the show and eventually used it to revive his partnership with longtime producer Dan Enright, hosted all versions of the show up until his death in May 1984. Barry was not the original choice to host, due to his past involvement in the 1950s quiz show scandals. As a result, Allen Ludden hosted the first two pilots for CBS. Barry hosted the local KTLA series in 1971, but CBS was still hesitant to let him host the network run in 1972. Tom Kennedy, Wink

The Joker's Wild The Joker's Wild is an American television game show that has aired at different times since the 1970s. Contestants answer questions based on categories determined randomly by a mechanism resembling a slot machine. The show's title refers to the game's slot-machine mechanism also having jokers. The show was billed as ""the game where knowledge is king and lady luck is queen"", and was notable for being the first successful game show produced by Jack Barry after his company's role in the quiz show scandals during the late 1950s. The success of the series led in part to

1981 Stewart was replaced as Barry & Enright lead announcer by Charlie O'Donnell, who announced for the remainder of the series' run. Johnny Gilbert and John Harlan filled in for O'Donnell on occasion. Ed MacKay, a local Los Angeles radio DJ and one-time overnight news anchor at KNX radio, announced the 1990–91 revival. Richard S. Kline served as the director on all incarnations of the show. Two contestants, one a returning champion, played. The challenger began the game by pulling a lever to set a slot machine in motion. The game's slot machine consisted of three modified slide projectors which

for a daytime game show). By January 1973, with no complaints from the viewers or the network and good ratings, Barry signed a regular contract to host the program and continued in that role up to its cancellation in June 1975. Enright was brought on as executive producer of ""Joker"" during its final CBS season, and was mentioned by Barry himself on the program's final CBS episode. In 1981, Barry hired Jim Peck to serve as a regular substitute host for when he was unavailable. Peck subbed for Barry several times between 1981 and 1984, and the original plan set

forth by Barry and producer Ron Greenberg was to have Barry end the 1983–84 season as host, announce his retirement on the first episode of the next season, and hand the show over to Peck on a permanent basis. When Barry died of cardiac arrest in May 1984, Enright posthumously overruled his partner and selected Bill Cullen, who had just completed five months of hosting the cancelled ""Hot Potato"" for the company, to take over the series. Cullen hosted for the final two seasons and Peck subbed for him for one week in 1986. Pat Finn hosted the 1990–91 version.

1975 on that network, airing at 10:00 AM Eastern (9:00 Central). A total of 686 episodes were produced. For the first two years, it faced NBC's ""Dinah's Place"", the talk vehicle for singer/actress Dinah Shore, which gave way to the Dennis James revival of ""Name That Tune"", which ""Joker"" easily defeated in the ratings. However, when NBC moved its panel game ""Celebrity Sweepstakes"" to 10:00/9:00 in early 1975, ""Joker"" went into steep decline, ending a nearly three-year run in the summer. However, some big-market independent stations gave the game another chance the next year. After a syndicated rerun cycle of

Face the Devil for a bonus prize and cash, using the same rules and dollar amounts as the onstage contestants. Ties were broken with an additional spin, and the tied members kept the money they scored on this spin in addition to their previous winnings. When Bill Cullen began hosting in fall 1984, two audience members were chosen along with a home viewer who played by pressing a key on their touch-tone telephone to spin the wheels. The game was played onstage instead of in the audience, since a childhood attack of polio had left Cullen unable to move great

returned to CBS Television City for the 1990–91 version. The current version of the show tapes at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. A tryout series aired locally on Los Angeles' KTLA for about three months and was hosted by Jack Barry. The rules were similar to the regular 1972–86 versions with the following exceptions: Three contestants competed in each game, with the champion spinning first to begin the game. Spinning three different categories and answering a question in any of the three categories was worth $25, while pairs were worth $50 and triples were worth $100. $250 was

also during this time that audience members were selected to play the bonus game, except that they only played if the main contestant chose to quit the bonus game and take the cash in the pot. In the late 1960s, Jack Barry pitched the concept of ""Joker"" to Goodson-Todman Productions. The company was not impressed, and Barry continued tinkering with the format over the next few years. ""The Joker's Wild"" debuted on CBS September 4, 1972, incidentally on the same Labor Day as the modern incarnation of ""The Price Is Right"" as well as ""Gambit"". It ran until June 13,

Johnny Jacobs, a longtime friend of host Jack Barry, was the original announcer of ""The Joker's Wild"". Jacobs served through most of its CBS run, with Johnny Gilbert and Roy Rowan filling in for Jacobs on occasion. When the series returned to first-run syndication in 1977, Jacobs, Gilbert, and Jay Stewart alternated the primary announcer position. Stewart became the exclusive announcer for ""The Joker's Wild"" (as well as for all Barry & Enright-produced game shows at the time) during the 1978–79 season; Bob Hilton and Art James were substitutes for Stewart for the 1980–81 season whenever he was unavailable. In

as part of the merger to create two conferences with an equal number of teams: The NFL's Baltimore Colts, the Cleveland Browns, and the Pittsburgh Steelers joined the ten former AFL teams to form the AFC; while the remaining 13 pre-merger NFL clubs formed the NFC. Every AFC team except the Houston Texans has played in an AFC Championship Game at least once. The Seattle Seahawks, who have been members in both the AFC and the NFC, hold the distinction of appearing in both conference title games, a loss in the AFC conference title game to the Los Angeles Raiders

"NFC Championship Game"
the AFL, a realignment was done as part of the merger to create two conferences with an equal number of teams: The NFL's Baltimore Colts, the Cleveland Browns, and the Pittsburgh Steelers joined the ten former AFL teams to form the AFC; while the remaining 13 pre-merger NFL clubs formed the NFC. Every NFC team has played in an NFC Championship at least once. The Seattle Seahawks, who have been members in both the AFC and the NFC, hold the distinction of appearing in both conference title games. Only the Detroit Lions have yet to win an NFC Championship Game.

"National Football Conference"
NFC in 1995. Parity is generally greater among NFC teams than AFC teams. The only NFC team that has never made a Super Bowl appearance is the Detroit Lions. Since the 2002 realignment, the only time that an NFC team has made back-to-back Super Bowl appearances are the Seattle Seahawks in 2013 and 2014. Between 2000 and 2016, the NFC has sent 12 different teams to the Super Bowl, whereas the AFC had sent only six: the Baltimore Ravens (2 times), the Denver Broncos (2 times), the Indianapolis Colts (2 times), the Oakland Raiders (1 time), the New England Patriots

for Super Bowl XVIII and, in their first appearance in a NFC conference title game, a win over the Carolina Panthers for Super Bowl XL. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most appearances in the AFC Championship Game at 16, with 11 of those games being in Pittsburgh, the most for either conference. The most AFC Conference Championships have been won by the New England Patriots winning 10 of them and going to 7 straight (2011–present). At the end of each regular season, a series of playoff games involving the top six teams in the AFC are conducted. In the current

to 1989, the New England Patriots defeated the Jets, 26–14, on Saturday, December 28, before the Giants beat the San Francisco 49ers, 17–3, on the following day. This same scheduling conflct could occur for the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams, who will share a new stadium beginning with the 2020 season. Often, teams will finish a season with identical records. It becomes necessary, therefore, to devise means to break these ties, either to determine which teams will qualify for the playoffs, or to determine seeding in the playoff tournament. The rules below are applied in order until the

"NFC East"
in the East, and the Rams with the San Francisco 49ers in the West. The NFC East teams have combined to be the most successful division in the NFL since the 1970 NFL merger with 21 NFC Championship wins and 13 Super Bowl victories, the highest marks of any division in the NFL. The division features a number of prominent rivalries such as the Cowboys–Redskins rivalry and Eagles–Giants rivalry. Because the division's teams are in some of the United States' largest media markets (New York No. 1, Philadelphia, No. 4, Dallas-Fort Worth No. 5, and Washington No. 6), the NFC

league will vote upon it to determine if it is acceptable. The designated ""home team"" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered games and the AFC team in even-numbered games. This alternation was initiated with the first Super Bowl, when the Green Bay Packers were the designated home team. Regardless of being the home or away team of record, each team has their team logo and wordmark painted in one of the end zones. Designated away teams have won 30 of 51 Super Bowls to date (approximately 59 percent). Since Super Bowl XIII in January 1979, the home team is

"Stratum corneum"
protease inhibitor LEKTI causes the debilitating disorder Netherton syndrome. Stratum corneum The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15–20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The stratum corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. Desquamation, the process of cell shedding from the surface of the ""stratum corneum"", balances proliferating

Stratum corneum The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15–20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The stratum corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. Desquamation, the process of cell shedding from the surface of the ""stratum corneum"", balances proliferating keratinocytes that form in the ""stratum basale"". These cells

forms the walls of the pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum. In arthropods, the integument, or external ""skin"", consists of a single layer of epithelial ectoderm from which arises the cuticle, an outer covering of chitin the rigidity of which varies as per its chemical composition. Epithelial tissue rests on a basement membrane, which acts as a scaffolding on which epithelium can grow and regenerate after injuries. Epithelial tissue has a nerve supply, but no blood supply and must be nourished by substances diffusing from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue. The basement membrane acts as a selectively permeable membrane that

continuous sheet. They have almost no intercellular spaces. All epithelia is usually separated from underlying tissues by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane. The lining of the mouth, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made of epithelial tissue. The lining of the blood and lymphatic vessels are of a specialised form of epithelium called endothelium. Epithelium lines both the outside (skin) and the inside cavities and lumina of bodies. The outermost layer of human skin is composed of dead stratified squamous, keratinized epithelial cells. Tissues that line the inside of the mouth, the esophagus, the vagina, and part of the

"Germ layer"
Germ layer A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis. The three germ layers in vertebrates are particularly pronounced; however, all eumetazoans (animals more complex than the sponge) produce two or three primary germ layers. Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as chordates produce a third layer (the mesoderm), between these two layers. making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal’s tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. Caspar Friedrich Wolff observed organization of the early embryo

of cellulose microfibrils aligned at all angles. Cellulose microfibrils are produced at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex, which is proposed to be made of a hexameric rosette that contains three cellulose synthase catalytic subunits for each of the six units. Microfibrils are held together by hydrogen bonds to provide a high tensile strength. The cells are held together and share the gelatinous membrane called the ""middle lamella"", which contains magnesium and calcium pectates (salts of pectic acid). Cells interact though plasmodesmata, which are inter-connecting channels of cytoplasm that connect to the protoplasts of adjacent cells across the

however, derived from the ectoderm. Germ layer A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis. The three germ layers in vertebrates are particularly pronounced; however, all eumetazoans (animals more complex than the sponge) produce two or three primary germ layers. Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as chordates produce a third layer (the mesoderm), between these two layers. making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal’s tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. Caspar Friedrich Wolff observed

There are several groups of organisms that have been called ""fungi"". Some of these groups (Oomycete and Myxogastria) have been transferred out of the Kingdom Fungi, in part because of fundamental biochemical differences in the composition of the cell wall. Most true fungi have a cell wall consisting largely of chitin and other polysaccharides. True fungi do not have cellulose in their cell walls. In fungi, the cell wall is the outer-most layer, external to the plasma membrane. The fungal cell wall is a matrix of three main components: Like plants, algae have cell walls. Algal cell walls contain either

Mesoderm
two layers cover the intraembryonic cavity. The parietal layer together with overlying ectoderm forms the lateral body wall folds. The visceral layer forms the walls of the gut tube. Mesoderm cells of the parietal layer form the mesothelial membranes or serous membranes which line the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities. Mesoderm In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and endoderm (inside layer), with the mesoderm as the middle layer between them. The mesoderm forms mesenchyme, mesothelium, non-epithelial blood cells

Zeus
absorbed the role of the chief Phrygian god Sabazios in the syncretic deity known in Rome as Sabazius. The Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes erected a statue of Zeus Olympios in the Judean Temple in Jerusalem. Hellenizing Jews referred to this statue as Baal Shamen (in English, Lord of Heaven). Zeus is occasionally conflated with the Hellenic sun god, Helios, who is sometimes either directly referred to as Zeus' eye, or clearly implied as such. Hesiod, for instance, describes Zeus's eye as effectively the sun. This perception is possibly derived from earlier Proto-Indo-European religion, in which the sun is occasionally

Zeus
Zeus Zeus (; , ""Zeús"" ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by

"Jupiter (mythology)"
a sky god who manifested himself in the daylight, usually identified with Jupiter. Tinia is usually regarded as his Etruscan counterpart. The Romans believed that Jupiter granted them supremacy because they had honoured him more than any other people had. Jupiter was ""the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city with the gods rested."" He personified the divine authority of Rome's highest offices, internal organization, and external relations. His image in the Republican and Imperial Capitol bore regalia associated with Rome's ancient kings and the highest consular and Imperial honours. The consuls swore their oath of

Zeus
are found on the Greek 2-euro coin and on the United Kingdom identity card for visa holders. Mary Beard, professor of Classics at Cambridge University, has criticised this for its apparent celebration of rape. Zeus Zeus (; , ""Zeús"" ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin. Zeus is the child

Zeus
Zeus Amphiaraus at Oropus outside of Thebes, and the Spartans even had a shrine to Zeus Agamemnon. Ancient Molossian kings sacrificed to Zeus Areius. In addition to the Panhellenic titles and conceptions listed above, local cults maintained their own idiosyncratic ideas about the king of gods and men. With the epithet Zeus Aetnaeus he was worshiped on Mount Aetna, where there was a statue of him, and a local festival called the Aetnaea in his honor. Other examples are listed below. As Zeus Aeneius or Zeus Aenesius, he was worshiped in the island of Cephalonia, where he had a temple

Zeus
rites of the Cretan ""paideia"". The myth of the death of Cretan Zeus, localised in numerous mountain sites though only mentioned in a comparatively late source, Callimachus, together with the assertion of Antoninus Liberalis that a fire shone forth annually from the birth-cave the infant shared with a mythic swarm of bees, suggests that Velchanos had been an annual vegetative spirit. The Hellenistic writer Euhemerus apparently proposed a theory that Zeus had actually been a great king of Crete and that posthumously, his glory had slowly turned him into a deity. The works of Euhemerus himself have not survived, but

Zeus
attempt to stamp out the Jewish religion, directed that the temple at Jerusalem be profaned and rededicated to Zeus (Jupiter Olympius). The ""Iliad"" is a poem by Homer about the Trojan war and the battle over the City of Troy. As God of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order, justice, Zeus controlled ancient Greece and all of the mortals and immortals living there. The Iliad covers the Trojan War, in which Zeus plays a major part. Notable Scenes that include Zeus The most notable conflict in Zeus's history was his struggle for power. Zeus's parents Cronus and Rhea ruled the

Apollo
Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as ""Apollodorus"" or ""Apollonios"" and cities named ""Apollonia"" testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In

Zeus
their local cults. Though the Homeric ""cloud collector"" was the god of the sky and thunder like his Near-Eastern counterparts, he was also the supreme cultural artifact; in some senses, he was the embodiment of Greek religious beliefs and the archetypal Greek deity. Aside from local epithets that simply designated the deity as doing something random at some particular place, the epithets or titles applied to Zeus emphasized different aspects of his wide-ranging authority: Additional names and epithets for Zeus are also: The major center where all Greeks converged to pay honor to their chief god was Olympia. Their quadrennial

office in Jupiter's name, and honoured him on the annual ""feriae"" of the Capitol in September. To thank him for his help (and to secure his continued support), they offered him a white ox ""(bos mas)"" with gilded horns. A similar offering was made by triumphal generals, who surrendered the tokens of their victory at the feet of Jupiter's statue in the Capitol. Some scholars have viewed the ""triumphator"" as embodying (or impersonating) Jupiter in the triumphal procession. Jupiter's association with kingship and sovereignty was reinterpreted as Rome's form of government changed. Originally, Rome was ruled by kings; after the

"Implantation (human embryo)"
Implantation (human embryo) In humans, implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus. At this stage of prenatal development, the conceptus is called a blastocyst. It is by this adhesion that the embryo receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother to be able to grow. In humans, implantation of a fertilized ovum is most likely to occur around 9 days after ovulation, however this can range between 6 and 12 days. The reception-ready phase of the endometrium of the uterus is usually termed the ""implantation window"" and lasts about 4 days.

The implantation window occurs around 6 days after the peak in luteinizing hormone levels. With some disparity between sources, it has been stated to occur from 7 days after ovulation until 9 days after ovulation, or days 6-10 postovulation. On average, it occurs during the 20th to the 23rd day after the last menstrual period. The implantation window is characterized by changes to the endometrium cells, which aid in the absorption of the uterine fluid. These changes are collectively known as the plasma membrane transformation and bring the blastocyst nearer to the endometrium and immobilize it. During this stage the

in their secretions. These changes reach their maximum about 7 days after ovulation. Furthermore, the surface of the endometrium produces a kind of rounded cells, which cover the whole area toward the uterine cavity. This happens about 9 to 10 days after ovulation. These cells are called decidual cells, which emphasises that the whole layer of them is shed off in every menstruation if no pregnancy occurs, just as leaves of deciduous trees. The uterine glands, on the other hand, decrease in activity and degenerate around 8 to 9 days after ovulation in absence of pregnancy. The decidual cells originate

the secretion from its epithelial glands changes. This change is induced by increased levels of progesterone from the corpus luteum. The target of the secretions is the embryoblast, and has several functions on it. The embryoblast spends approximately 72 hours in the uterine cavity before implanting. In that time, it cannot receive nourishment directly from the blood of the mother, and must rely on secreted nutrients into the uterine cavity, e.g. iron and fat-soluble vitamins. In addition to nourishment, the endometrium secretes several steroid-dependent proteins, important for growth and implantation. Cholesterol and steroids are also secreted. Implantation is further facilitated

from the stromal cells that are always present in the endometrium. However, the decidual cells make up a new layer, the decidua. The rest of the endometrium, in addition, expresses differences between the luminal and the basal sides. The luminal cells form the zona compacta of the endometrium, in contrast to the basalolateral zona spongiosa, which consists of the rather spongy stromal cells. Decidualization succeeds predecidualization if pregnancy occurs. This is an expansion of it, further developing the uterine glands, the zona compacta and the epithelium of decidual cells lining it. The decidual cells become filled with lipids and glycogen

"Prenatal development"
give rise to extra-embryonic structures, such as the placenta and the membranes. The embryo becomes embedded in the endometrium in a process called implantation. In most successful pregnancies, the embryo implants 8 to 10 days after ovulation. The embryo, the extra-embryonic membranes, and the placenta are collectively referred to as a conceptus, or the ""products of conception"". Rapid growth occurs and the embryo's main features begin to take form. This process is called differentiation, which produces the varied cell types (such as blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve cells). A spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, in the first trimester of pregnancy

and take the polyhedral shape characteristic for decidual cells. It is likely that the blastocyst itself makes the main contribution to this additional growing and sustaining of the decidua. An indication of this is that decidualization occurs at a higher degree in conception cycles than in nonconception cycles. Furthermore, similar changes are observed when giving stimuli mimicking the natural invasion of the embryo. The decidua can be organized into separate sections, although they have the same composition. After implantation the decidua remains, at least through the first trimester. However, its most prominent time is during the early stages of pregnancy,

of the processes of morphogenesis, and this completes by the end of the fourth week. Programmed cell death in the process of apoptosis is involved in this stage, taking place at the joining surfaces enabling fusion to take place. In the middle of the fourth week, the sinus venosus receives blood from the three major veins: the vitelline, the umbilical and the common cardinal veins. During the first two months of development, the interatrial septum begins to form. This septum divides the primitive atrium into a right and a left atrium. Firstly it starts as a crescent-shaped piece of tissue

"Embryo transfer"
Embryo transfer Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique (which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF)), may be used in humans or in animals, in which situations the goals may vary. Embryo transfer can be done at day two or day three, or later in the blastocyst stage, which was first performed in 1984. Embryos can be either “fresh” from fertilized egg cells of the same menstrual cycle, or “frozen”, that

by synthesis of matrix substances, adhesion molecules and surface receptors for the matrix substances. Implantation is initiated when the blastocyst comes into contact with the uterine wall. To be able to perform implantation, the blastocyst first needs to get rid of its zona pellucida. This process can be called ""hatching"". Lytic factors in the uterine cavity, as well as factors from the blastocyst itself are essential for this process. Mechanisms in the latter are indicated by that the zona pellucida remains intact if an unfertilized egg is placed in the uterus under the same conditions. A substance probably involved is

"EFL Championship"
(1892–1992). The winners of the Championship receive the Football League Championship trophy, the same trophy as the old First Division champions were handed prior to the Premier League's inception in 1992. The Championship is the wealthiest non-top flight football division in the world and the seventh richest division in Europe. With an average match attendance for the 2016–17 season of 20,130 the Championship ranked second after the German 2. Bundesliga as the most-watched secondary league in the world. Barnsley have spent more seasons at the second level of English football than any other team and on 3 January 2011 became

"Deloitte Football Money League"
European champions A.C. Milan moved up to sixth place while runners-up Liverpool moved two places up to eighth. Italian champions Internazionale moved down two places to 9th while Bayern Munich moved up a spot to seventh. Juventus' relegation into Serie B saw them move nine places down to 12th place. The total revenue of the top 20 richest clubs in the world is now over €3.3 billion. Barcelona gained four places in the ranking for this year, making the two richest clubs both from Spain. England has the largest number of clubs in the list. A club from Portugal was

added to the list for the first time. Portugal's Benfica is the third club from the Iberian Peninsula among the top 20 in the world, after Spain's Real Madrid and Barcelona. In the rankings for the 2004–05 season, Real Madrid longs run at the top. Three clubs that had appeared in the previous season's top twenty (Marseille, Rangers, and Aston Villa) were replaced by Lyon, Everton, and Valencia. In the 2003–04 season, five clubs recorded revenues of over €200m with Manchester United once again being ranked as the richest club in Europe. English clubs dominated the money league for the

division, behind the FA Premier League (12.88m), Spain's La Liga (11.57m) and Germany's Bundesliga (10.92m), but beating Italy's Serie A (9.77m) and France's Ligue 1 (8.17m). The total figures were aided somewhat by the presence of 24 clubs, compared to 20 clubs in both Serie A and Ligue 1, and 18 in the Bundesliga. A major factor to the competition's success comes from television revenue. Sunderland won the league in the first season since re-branding, with Wigan Athletic finishing second to win promotion to the top flight of English football for the first time in their history. They had only

Football League. That season, Rotherham United recorded the lowest points total in Championship history - winning just 23 points from their 46 matches. The league had an cumulative attendance of more than eleven million - excluding play-off matches - with more than two million watching Newcastle United and Aston Villa home fixtures alone; both of whom had been relegated from the Premier League in the previous season. This was included in the highest crowds for the second to fourth tier in England since the 1958–59 season. The league comprises 24 teams. Over the course of a season, which runs annually

the first club to achieve 1,000 wins in the second level of English football with a 2–1 home victory over Coventry City. Barnsley are also the first club to play 3,000 games in second-level league football (W1028, D747, L1224). At present, Ipswich Town hold the longest tenure in the Championship, last being out of the division in the 2001–02 season when they were relegated from the Premier League. In its inaugural season of 2004–05, the Football League Championship announced a total attendance (including postseason) of 9.8 million, which it said was the fourth highest total attendance for a European football

been elected to the Football League twenty-seven years previously; playing in the fourth tier as recently as eleven years prior to their promotion. West Ham United won the first Championship play-off final that season, following a 1–0 victory over Preston North End at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. In the 2005–06 season, Reading broke the Football League points record for a season, finishing on 106 points, exceeding the record set by Sunderland in 1999. Sunderland won their second Championship title in three seasons in the 2006–07 season. On 4 May 2007, Leeds United became the first side since the re-branding

"USL Championship"
a ""hybrid"" affiliation with the Houston Dynamo, who are responsible for the tactical part of the club, while the ownership group, Lone Star, is responsible for operations and management. FC Cincinnati was added as the 26th franchise and Bethlehem Steel FC, in the Lehigh Valley area and owned by the Philadelphia Union, became the 27th, Orlando City B (owned by Orlando City SC) as the 29th, the Swope Park Rangers (owned by Sporting Kansas City) as the 30th, and San Antonio FC as the 31st. The Austin Aztex announced that they would go on hiatus for the 2016 USL season

League, and from the start of the 2010–11 Football League season until the end of the 2012–13 season, the Football League Championship was known as the ""Npower Championship"". On 18 July 2013, UK bookmaker Sky Bet announced that they signed a five-year agreement to sponsor the league. On 24 May 2014, the Championship play-off final between Derby County and Queens Park Rangers saw the highest crowd for any Championship fixture - 87,348 witnessed a Bobby Zamora stoppage time winner for QPR to win promotion for the London club. For the 2016–17 season, the Football League was re-branded as the English

"2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony"
2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 9 February 2018. It began at 20:00 KST and finished at approximately 22:20 KST. The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in. The site of the opening ceremony, Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, was built specifically for the Games. The pentagonal stadium seats 35,000. The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes, a circle, a square, and a triangle, which represent

"2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony"
2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics took place at Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea, on 25 February 2018 at 20:00 KST (UTC+9). The flag bearers of 92 National Olympic Committees arrived into the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium. The flag bearers from each participating country entered the stadium informally in single file, ordered by ""ganada"" order of the Korean alphabet, and behind them marched all the athletes, without any distinction or grouping by nationality. Marching alongside the athletes were Soohorang, the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic mascot, and Hodori, mascot of the 1988 Summer Olympics

to the modified schedule, as well as the attendance levels of the sessions themselves. Conversely, and somewhat controversially, eight of the eleven biathlon events were scheduled at night, making it necessary for competitors to ski and shoot under floodlights, with colder temperatures and blustery winds. Three podium sweeps were recorded during the Games. The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 25 February 2018, as Thomas Bach, the IOC president, declared the Games closed, and the cauldron extinguished. Broadcast rights to the 2018 Winter Olympics in some countries were already sold as

extinguished. 2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics took place at Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea, on 25 February 2018 at 20:00 KST (UTC+9). The flag bearers of 92 National Olympic Committees arrived into the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium. The flag bearers from each participating country entered the stadium informally in single file, ordered by ""ganada"" order of the Korean alphabet, and behind them marched all the athletes, without any distinction or grouping by nationality. Marching alongside the athletes were Soohorang, the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic mascot, and Hodori, mascot of the 1988 Summer

world is at peace), four mythical creatures, including a white tiger — spirit animal protector of Korea and the mascot of these Games, natural floral and fauna, and a cast of 2,000. Five children were used to symbolize the five Olympic rings, and the five names were chosen to represent fire, water, wood, metal, and earth, the five elements that are believed to make up the Earth. Augmented reality and 5G technology were also incorporated in the event. The largest drone show in history, featuring 1,218 Shooting Star drones, was planned for the ceremony but cancelled at the last minute;

work of North Korea. Analysts believed the Russians instigated the February 9 attack as a way to retaliate for the International Olympic Committee’s decision to restrict the participation of Russian athletes in the 2018 Winter Olympics as punishment for doping violations. On 9 February 2018, Kim Yo-jong — sister of Kim Jong-un — attended the ceremony in Pyeongchang, South Korea. This was a first time that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea since the Korean War. Kim Yo-jong shook hands with South Korean president Moon Jae-in before sitting down to watch the ceremony together. 2018

a prominent figure of the regime, Kim Yo-jong. This marked the first time since the Korean War that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea. In contrast, U.S. vice president Mike Pence met with Fred Warmbier (father of Otto Warmbier, who had died after being released from captivity in North Korea) and a group of North Korean defectors in Pyeongchang. American officials said that North Korea cancelled a meeting with Pence at the last minute. At the closing ceremony, North Korea sent general Kim Yong-chol as its delegate. His presence was met with hostility from South

television audiences were shown a version that had been recorded the previous December. During the opening ceremony the organizing committee was a victim of a cyber attack, but without major consequences. The Parade of Nations was led, according to custom due to hosting the original ancient Olympics, by the Greek team, followed by other competing countries in alphabetical order based on their names in the Korean language, with the host country, South Korea, concluding the march. The delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea (Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics) marched under the Korean unification flag.

"Caste system in India"
the Shudra ""varna"". The Brahmin class is modeled in the epic as the archetype default state of man dedicated to truth, austerity and pure conduct. In the Mahabharata and pre-medieval era Hindu texts, according to Hiltebeitel, ""it is important to recognise, in theory, ""varna"" is nongenealogical. The four ""varnas"" are not lineages, but categories"". Adi Purana, an 8th-century text of Jainism by Jinasena, is the first mention of ""varna"" and ""jati"" in Jainism literature. Jinasena does not trace the origin of ""varna"" system to Rigveda or to Purusha, but to the Bharata legend. According to this legend, Bharata performed an

""ahimsa-test"" (test of non-violence), and during that test all those who refused to harm any living beings were called as the priestly ""varna"" in ancient India, and Bharata called them ""dvija"", twice born. Jinasena states that those who are committed to the principle of non-harming and non-violence to all living beings are ""deva-Brahmaṇas"", divine Brahmins. The text Adipurana also discusses the relationship between varna and jati. According to Padmanabh Jaini, a professor of Indic studies, in Jainism and Buddhism, the Adi Purana text states ""there is only one ""jati"" called ""manusyajati"" or the human caste, but divisions arise on account

Tschandala
that in the 20th Century became a concept in Nazi ideology, that was used for races and individuals that it perceived """"inferior"""". Inspired by Nietzsche, August Strindberg wrote a novel called ""Tschandala"" in 1889. Tschandala Tschandala (old German transcription of ""chandala"") is a term Friedrich Nietzsche borrowed from the Indian caste system, where a Tschandala is a member of the lowest social class. Nietzsche's interpretation and use of the term relied on a flawed source but was used by some interpreters to connect him to Nazi ideology. Nietzsche uses the term ""Tschandala"" in the ""Götzen-Dämmerung"" (""Twilight of the Idols"") and

and improve the socioeconomic conditions of its lower caste population. These caste classifications for college admission quotas, job reservations and other affirmative action initiatives, according to the Supreme Court of India, are based on heredity and are not changeable. Discrimination against lower castes is illegal in India under Article 15 of its constitution, and India tracks violence against ""Dalits"" nationwide. ""Varna"" literally means ""type, order, colour or class"" and was a framework for grouping people into classes, first used in Vedic Indian society. It is referred to frequently in the ancient Indian texts. The four classes were the Brahmins (priestly

prolific writer, and a key person in drafting modern India's constitution in the 1940s. He wrote extensively on discrimination, trauma and what he saw as the tragic effects of the caste system in India. He believed that the caste system originated in the practise of endogamy and that it spread through imitation by other groups. He wrote that initially, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras existed as classes whose choice of occupation was not restricted by birth and in which exogamy was prevalent. Brahmins then began to practise endogamy and enclosed themselves, hence Ambedkar defines caste as ""enclosed class"". He believed

hunger and toil prevails over all human beings, that bile and blood flow from all human bodies, so what distinguishes the ""varnas"", he asks. The Mahabharata then declares, ""There is no distinction of ""varnas"". This whole universe is Brahman. It was created formerly by Brahma, came to be classified by acts."" The epic then recites a behavioural model for ""varna"", that those who were inclined to anger, pleasures and boldness attained the Kshtriya ""varna""; those who were inclined to cattle rearing and living off the plough attained the Vaishya ""varna""; those who were fond of violence, covetousness and impurity attained

social reformers, Basava championed devotional worship that rejected temple worship and rituals, and replaced it with personalised direct worship of Shiva through practices such as individually worn icons and symbols like a small linga. This approach brought Shiva's presence to everyone and at all times, without gender, class or caste discrimination. His teachings and verses such as Káyakavé Kailása (Work is the path to Kailash (bliss, heaven), or Work is Worship) became popular. Jyotirao Phule (1827–1890) vehemently criticised any explanations that the caste system was natural and ordained by the ""Creator"" in Hindu texts. If ""Brahma"" wanted castes, argued Phule,

subcontinent, Buddha points out that ""aryas"" could become ""dasas"" and vice versa. This form of social mobility was endorsed by Buddha. The Mahabharata, whose final version is estimated to have been completed by the end of the fourth century, discusses the ""varna"" system in section 12.181, presenting two models. The first model describes ""varna"" as a colour-based system, through a character named Bhrigu, ""Brahmins ""varna"" was white, Kshtriyas was red, Vaishyas was yellow, and the Shudras' black"". This description is questioned by Bharadvaja who says that colors are seen among all the ""varnas"", that desire, anger, fear, greed, grief, anxiety,

Caste
kings and rulers had been called upon, when required, to mediate on the ranks of ""jātis"", which might number in thousands all over the subcontinent and vary by region. In practice, the ""jātis"" may or may not fit into the ""varna"" classes and many prominent ""jatis"", for example the Jats and Yadavs, straddled two varnas i.e. Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, and the ""varna"" status of ""jātis"" itself was subject to articulation over time. Starting with the British colonial Census of 1901 led by Herbert Hope Risley, all the ""jātis"" were grouped under the theoretical ""varnas"" categories. According to political scientist Lloyd

texts. The texts declare that these sinful, fallen people be ostracised. Olivelle adds that the overwhelming focus in matters relating to purity/impurity in the Dharma-sastra texts concerns ""individuals irrespective of their ""varna"" affiliation"" and all four ""varnas"" could attain purity or impurity by the content of their character, ethical intent, actions, innocence or ignorance (acts by children), stipulations, and ritualistic behaviours. Dumont, in his later publications, acknowledged that ancient varna hierarchy was not based on purity-impurity ranking principle, and that the Vedic literature is devoid of the untouchability concept. During the time of the Rigveda, there were two ""varnas"": ""arya

"Spain national football team"
highest goalscorer, scoring 59 goals since 2005, during which time he played for Spain on 98 occasions. Raúl González is the second highest goalscorer, scoring 44 goals in 102 appearances between 1996 and 2006. Fernando Torres is the third highest goalscorer with 38 goals in 110 appearances since 2003. Between November 2006 and June 2009, Spain went undefeated for a record-equaling 35 consecutive matches before their loss to the United States in the Confederations Cup, a record shared with Brazil, and included a record 15-game winning streak. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Spain became the first European national team

Pelé statistics Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento) is a retired professional football player. Pelé's goalscoring record is often reported by FIFA as being 1281 goals in 1363 games. This figure includes goals scored by Pelé in friendly club matches, like international tours Pelé completed with Santos and the New York Cosmos, and a few games Pelé played in for the Brazilian armed forces teams during his national service in Brazil. He was listed in the ""Guinness World Records"" for most career goals scored in football his goalscoring record. The tables below record every goal Pelé scored in major club competitions

"Football records in Spain"
10 hat-tricks are shown in this table. Bold player name denotes current season. Bold player name denotes current season. Top 5 longest goalkeeping runs without conceding a goal, all-time (Primera División only) Top 10 most appearances, all-time (Primera División) Players in bold are still active ""The figures in bold represent the most times this competition has been won by a Spanish team."" Football records in Spain This page details football records in Spain. Unless otherwise stated, records are taken from Primera División or La Liga. This page also include records from the Spanish domestic cup competition or Copa del Rey.

"Football records in Italy"
37 years and 51 days Silvio Piola, 18 years and 54 days Miroslav Klose, 34 years and 330 days Francesco Totti, 23 Luca Toni (38 years, 2014–15) Gunnar Nordahl, 5 Gonzalo Higuaín (36, 2015–16) Alessandro Del Piero (17 seasons) The following table shows the ten Italian players that have scored the most professional goals in total throughout their career, at both club and international level (excluding youth competitions). Players in bold are still active The following table shows the goalkeepers that have longest consecutive run without conceding a goal in Serie A. Length column is in minutes. Players in bold

Football records in Spain This page details football records in Spain. Unless otherwise stated, records are taken from Primera División or La Liga. This page also include records from the Spanish domestic cup competition or Copa del Rey. Records in this section refer to La Liga from its founding in 1929 through to the present. Spanish Non Spanish ""Players in Bold are still active in La Liga."" ""Three or more goals in a single match."" ""For the complete list of hat-tricks see List of La Liga hat-tricks."" ""Players in bold are still active in La Liga."" Players with at least

"Pelé"
many observers complained that the Internet nature of the poll would have meant a skewed demographic of younger fans who would have seen Maradona play, but not Pelé. FIFA then appointed a ""Family of Football"" committee of FIFA members to decide the winner of the award together with the votes of the readers of the FIFA magazine. The committee chose Pelé. Since Maradona was winning the Internet poll, however, it was decided he and Pelé should share the award. Pelé's goalscoring record is often reported by FIFA as being 1281 goals in 1363 games. This figure includes goals scored by

"2018 World Snooker Championship"
The win came 15 years after Williams' second world title in 2003 and he became, at the age of 43, the second oldest winner at the Crucible. Three-time world champion Mark Selby had won the title for the previous two years but lost in the first round 4–10 to Joe Perry. The 2018 World Snooker Championship was held on 21 April to 7 May 2018 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. This was the 42nd consecutive year that the tournament was held at the Crucible, and the 50th consecutive year the championship was contested through the modern knockout format.

at world number 68. The draw for the first round of the tournament was on 19 April 2018, two days before the start of the competition. was due to take place at 10:00 BST on 19 April, but was delayed until 12:00 BST because of technical issues. The matches for the first round were played over two sessions, as best of 19-frames matches. These matches were spread out over six days between 21 and 26 April, and played on a two table setup in the Crucible Theatre. The defending champion, Mark Selby, played in the opening match of the first

"World Open (snooker)"
extreme case, thirteen of the top sixteen seeds failed to reach the quarter final stages, and the semi-finals featured one match between two top 16 players (Mark Williams and John Parrott) and another between two unseeded players (Euan Henderson and Mark Bennett); with Bennett and Henderson respectively winning the first two quarter final matches, a surprise finalist was guaranteed before the quarter finals had been completed. The event moved to Scotland at the A.E.C.C. in Aberdeen for 2006, and introduced a brand new format. Players were split into groups (8 groups of 8 in qualifying, 8 groups of 6 in

The tournament was the last of twenty ranking events in the 2017/2018 season on the World Snooker Tour. It featured a 32-player main draw, as well as a 128-player qualifying draw. Qualifying took place at the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield from 11 to 18 April 2018, finishing a few days prior to the start of the main draw at the Crucible. The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. Defending champion Mark Selby was automatically seeded 1st overall. The remaining seeds were allocated based on the latest world

"World Snooker Championship"
played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The tournament is currently played over 17 days and ends on the first Monday in May. In the modern era (since 1969), the best record is that of Stephen Hendry, who won the title seven times. Steve Davis and Ray Reardon both won six times while Ronnie O'Sullivan has won five titles. The current champion is Mark Williams, who has won the tournament three times. The first championship was held in 1927 and was called the Professional Snooker Championship. It was the first important professional snooker tournament although the English Amateur Championship

"2017 World Open (snooker)"
a maximum break stood at £30,000. These matches were held between 6 and 9 August 2017 at the Preston Guild Hall in Preston, England. All matches were best of 9 frames. Total: 22 Total: 48 2017 World Open (snooker) The 2017 Yushan World Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18–24 September 2017 in Yushan, China. It was the fifth ranking event of the 2017/2018 season. Qualifying took place between 6–9 August in Preston. Ali Carter was the defending champion but he chose not to participate. Ding Junhui won his 13th ranking title, defeating Kyren Wilson

the Crucible. Barry Hearn has stated on a number of occasions that he wishes for the tournament to remain at the Crucible forever, providing it continues to draw large numbers of visitors and revenue to the city of Sheffield. In 2016 it was announced that the Crucible would continue to host the event until 2027. The format for the World Championship has been largely unchanged since 1982. It has a knock-out format with 32 players, contested over 17 days ending on the first Monday in May, which is a public holiday in the United Kingdom. 16 of the players reach

World Open (snooker) The World Open is a professional ranking snooker tournament. It had previously been known as the ""Professional Players Tournament"", the ""LG Cup"" and the ""Grand Prix"". During 2006 and 2007, it was played in a unique round-robin format, more similar to association football and rugby tournaments than the knock-out systems usually played in snooker. The knock-out format returned in 2008 with an FA Cup-style draw. The random draw was abandoned after the 2010 edition. Mark Williams is the defending champion. The tournament was created in 1982 as the Professional Players Tournament by the World Professional Billiards and

2018 World Snooker Championship The 2018 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 2018 Betfred World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional snooker tournament, held from 21 April to 7 May 2018 at in Sheffield, England. It was the 42nd consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible and was the twentieth and final ranking event of the 2017/2018 season. The tournament was broadcast in Europe by the BBC and Eurosport. Mark Williams won his third world title and 21st ranking title by beating John Higgins 18–16 in the final.

in 1978) and John Spencer (who was 41 in 1977). The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: The prize for a maximum break was boosted to £40,000 whereas, the prize for a 147 in qualifying was £10,000. This prize was claimed by Liang Wenbo during his first qualifying round match against Rod Lawler. The numbers in parentheses are players' seedings. There were 128 players in the qualifying competition. There were three qualifying rounds, with the 16 winners of the third round matches progressing to the main stages of the tournament at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield.

"Iron ore"
infrastructure such as rail in order to transport the ore from the mine to a freight ship. For these reasons, iron ore production is concentrated in the hands of a few major players. World production averages two billion metric tons of raw ore annually. The world's largest producer of iron ore is the Brazilian mining corporation Vale, followed by Anglo-Australian companies Rio Tinto Group and then BHP Billiton. A further Australian supplier, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, has helped bring Australia's production to first in the world. The seaborne trade in iron ore, that is, iron ore to be shipped to

"Iron ore"
other countries, was 849m tonnes in 2004. Australia and Brazil dominate the seaborne trade, with 72% of the market. BHP, Rio and Vale control 66% of this market between them. In Australia iron ore is won from three main sources: pisolite ""channel iron deposit"" ore derived by mechanical erosion of primary banded-iron formations and accumulated in alluvial channels such as at Pannawonica, Western Australia; and the dominant metasomatically-altered banded iron formation related ores such as at Newman, the Chichester Range, the Hamersley Range and Koolyanobbing, Western Australia. Other types of ore are coming to the fore recently, such as oxidised

"Iron ore mining in Western Australia"
Korea with 10%. The state has the world's largest Economic Demonstrated Resources of iron ore with 22% of the world's iron ore followed by Brazil with 17%, Russia with 15% and China with 14%. In the financial year 2015-2016, the Western Australian Government received over A$3.4 billion in royalties from the iron ore mining industry in the state. While iron ore deposits were known, like the Mount Whaleback deposit discovered in 1957 by Stan Hilditch, it was not until 1960, when the Australian Government lifted the embargo on iron ore exports it had put in place because of concerns the

BHP, in late 2010, had agreed to a joint feasibility study into how an arrangement might work. Access to the rail networks by third parties is governed by the State Agreements Act. Other, generally smaller, mines use or propose to use the state government-owned railways, for example Windarling Range and Koolyanobbing to the port of Esperance. In the Pilbara, iron ore is shipped from Port Hedland, Dampier and Cape Lambert. The latter two ports are exclusively used by Rio Tinto, while Port Hedland is used by BHP, FMG and Atlas Iron. Port facilities at Port Hedland consist of Nelson Point

the Pilbara region of the state. A number of mines however are also located in the Mid West and Kimberley regions as well as in the Wheatbelt. The big two producers, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton accounted for 90 percent of all iron ore production in the state in 2008-09, with the third-biggest producer being the Fortescue Metals Group. Rio Tinto operates twelve iron ore mines in Western Australia, BHP Billiton seven, Fortescue two, all of those are located in the Pilbara region. The three largest iron ore producers operate private rail networks to transport ore from their mines to

Iron ore mining in Western Australia Iron ore mining in Western Australia, in the financial year 2008-09, accounted for 47 percent of the total value of the state's resources, with a value of A$33.56 billion. The overall value of the mineral and petroleum industry in Western Australia was A$71.3 billion in 2008-09, a 19 percent increase compared to the previous financial year. Western Australia's iron ore output for 2011 was 474 million tonnes, 97% of Australian production. The bulk of Western Australian ore went to China, which imported 70 percent of 2010 production, followed by Japan with 19% and South

"Iron ore"
calculates that the country's ""economic demonstrated resources"" of iron currently amount to 24 gigatonnes, or 24 billion tonnes. The current production rate from the Pilbara region of Western Australia is approximately 430 million tonnes a year and rising. Gavin Mudd (Monash University) and Jonathon Law (CSIRO) expect it to be gone within 30 to 50 years (Mudd) and 56 years (Law). These estimates require on-going review to take into account shifting demand for lower grade iron ore and improving mining and recovery techniques (allowing deeper mining below the groundwater table). In 2011, leading Pilbara-based iron ore miners – Rio Tinto,

"Iron ore"
due to the falling iron ore price these plans have been suspended indefinitely. A 1,000 Mt/y production rate needs to be further considered by proponents and government. Areas of further consideration include new port space at Anketell to service the West Pilbara mines, growth at Port Hedland (BHP has announced the development of an outer harbour at Port Hedland), rail rationalisation and the regulatory approval requirements for opening and maintaining a ground disturbance footprint that supports 1,000 Mt/y of production including, amongst other things, native title, aboriginal heritage and environmental protection outcomes. Iron ores consist of oxygen and iron atoms

"Iron ore"
ferruginous hardcaps, for instance laterite iron ore deposits near Lake Argyle in Western Australia. The total recoverable reserves of iron ore in India are about 9,602 million tonnes of hematite and 3,408 million tonnes of magnetite. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Odisha, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are the principal Indian producers of iron ore. World consumption of iron ore grows 10% per annum on average with the main consumers being China, Japan, Korea, the United States and the European Union. China is currently the largest consumer of iron ore, which translates to be the world's

mineral was in short supply, that mining began in earnest. Up until the mid-1960s, iron ore production in Western Australia, and Australia as a whole, was negligible, in the range of less than 10 million tons a year. By the mid-1970s, this figure had reached 100 million tonnes, with the majority coming from Western Australia. Production slightly declined in the 1980s but it improved in the 1990s, reaching 150 million tonnes for the country by 1997 and 200 million tonnes by 2003. The first mine in the Pilbara, the Goldsworthy mine, was developed by Utah Development Co. in 1965. A

former's relative success to the simplicity of its evolution mechanic as opposed to Digivolution. The two have been noted for conceptual and stylistic similarities by sources such as GameZone. A debate among fans exists over which of the two franchises came first. In actuality, the first ""Pokémon"" media, ""Pokémon Red"" and ""Green"", were released initially on February 27, 1996; whereas the ""Digimon"" virtual pet was released on June 26, 1997. While ""Pokémon""s target demographic is children, early purchasers of ""Pokémon Omega Ruby"" and ""Alpha Sapphire"" were in their 20s. Many fans are adults who originally played the games as children

Pokémon (video game series) Pokémon is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo as part of the ""Pokémon"" media franchise. First released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy, the main series of role-playing video games (RPGs), also referred as the ""core series"" by their developers, has continued on each generation of Nintendo's handhelds. The games are commonly released in pairs, each with slight variations, with a remake of the games usually released a few years after the original versions for another console. While the main series consists of RPGs, a big number

"Pokémon Go"
consists of a Poké Ball and the shape of the Google Maps pin. The decision to create the device rather than create a smart watch app was to increase uptake among players for whom a smart watch is prohibitively expensive. It was released in the United Kingdom and North America on September 16, 2016. The game's official launch began on July 6, 2016, with releases in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Due to server strain from high demand upon release, Niantic CEO John Hanke stated that the release in other regions was to be ""paused until Niantic was

teaser trailer, remakes of the third generation games ""Pokémon Ruby"" and ""Sapphire"". They were released worldwide in November 2014. On August 26, 2014, ""Pokkén Tournament"" was announced and was released on July 16, 2015 in Japanese arcades and was released on March 18, 2016 worldwide for Wii U. It was developed by Bandai Namco Entertainment. In July 2016, Niantic and Nintendo released a free-to-play augmented reality game titled ""Pokémon Go"" which was released for Android and iOS devices. During a Nintendo Direct presentation on February 26, 2016, two new ""Pokémon"" titles were announced, titled ""Pokémon Sun"" and ""Moon"". The games

the Nintendo 3DS on October 12, 2013 worldwide. The ""X"" and ""Y"" games are rendered in full 3D; however, only select parts of the game can be displayed in stereoscopic 3D. The video introduced the player characters, the starter Pokémon; Grass-type Chespin (Japanese: ), the Fire-type Fennekin (Japanese: ), and the Water-type Froakie (Japanese: ), and two other Pokémon, not named until later; a bird-like Pokémon called having a shape similar to the letter Y and a deer-like Pokémon called with X-shapes in its eyes. A month later, Sylveon (Japanese: ), a new evolved form of Eevee belonging to the

""Pokémon Red"" and ""Green"" (released outside of Japan as ""Pokémon Red"" and ""Blue""), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996. ""Pokémon"" has since gone on to become the highest-grossing media franchise of all time, with over in revenue up until March 2017. The original video game series is the second best-selling video game franchise (behind Nintendo's ""Mario"" franchise) with more than 300million copies sold and over 800million mobile downloads. In addition, the ""Pokémon"" franchise includes the world's top-selling toy brand, the top-selling trading card

a playable game. Instead, the song/video was played at the end of an episode of ""Pokémon"", and a CD was made for retail in Japan for a limited time. The second generation of ""Pokémon"" video games began in 1999 with the Japanese release of ""Pokémon Gold"" and ""Silver"" for the Game Boy Color, with Australia and North America getting the game in October 2000 and European release date of April 2001. Like the previous generation, an enhanced version titled ""Pokémon Crystal"" was later released. This generation introduced 100 new species of Pokémon (starting with Chikorita and ending with Celebi), for

when an official sequel in the main role-playing game series is released that features new Pokémon, characters, and possibly new gameplay concepts, that sequel is considered the start of a new generation of the franchise. The main games and their spin-offs, the anime, manga and trading card game are all updated with the new Pokémon properties each time a new generation begins. The franchise began its seventh and current generation with ""Pokémon Sun"" and ""Moon"", which were released worldwide on November 18, 2016. The original ""Pokémon"" games are Japanese role-playing video games (RPGs) with an element of strategy, and were

were developing the game on these Unix computer stations called the Sun SPARCstation 1. We’re developing, and they’re these Unix boxes, and they crashed quite a bit"". Pokémon (video game series) Pokémon is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo as part of the ""Pokémon"" media franchise. First released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy, the main series of role-playing video games (RPGs), also referred as the ""core series"" by their developers, has continued on each generation of Nintendo's handhelds. The games are commonly released in pairs, each with slight variations, with

accessible in the 3DS version. ""Pokémon Trading Card Game"" was co-developed by Hudson Soft and Creatures. Creatures' official website describes their work on the game as ""planning and game design, card design"". Tsunekazu Ishihara, founder of Creatures and designer of the card game, is credited as one of the game's producers. Curiously, Hudson is not credited anywhere on the game's package, cartridge, or title screen. However, the ending credits list them as the game's developer. The game was released in Japan on December 18, 1998 under the title one month before the tabletop version debuted in English. In September 1999,

"Stefania Barr"
Stefania Barr Stefania Noelle Barr (born December 4, 1994) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, composer, and lead vocalist of indie-alternative rock band ""Shrink the Giant"". She is perhaps best known for her role as Maysilee Donner in ""The Hunger Games: Second Quarter Quell."" Barr started her acting career in 2003 (age 7) with Disney Channel Original Movie ""Right On Track"". She was praised for her work ethic and maturity on set. Producer Jason Nacey of ""The Doorstep"" stated that she “stuck out like a sore thumb”, among other actors her age, after booking the lead role as a walk-in

"Elizabeth Banks"
Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign and was involved in a rendition of Rachel Platten's single ""Fight Song"" with other celebrities at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Elizabeth Banks Elizabeth Irene Banks (née Mitchell; born February 10, 1974) is an American actress, director, model and producer. She is known for her starring role as Effie Trinket in ""The Hunger Games"" film series (2012–15) and as Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the ""Pitch Perfect"" film series (2012–17). She made her directorial debut with ""Pitch Perfect 2"" (2014), whose $69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director. Banks made her film debut in

Elizabeth Banks Elizabeth Irene Banks (née Mitchell; born February 10, 1974) is an American actress, director, model and producer. She is known for her starring role as Effie Trinket in ""The Hunger Games"" film series (2012–15) and as Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the ""Pitch Perfect"" film series (2012–17). She made her directorial debut with ""Pitch Perfect 2"" (2014), whose $69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director. Banks made her film debut in the low-budget independent film ""Surrender Dorothy"" (1998). She starred in the films ""Wet Hot American Summer"" (2001), Sam Raimi's ""Spider-Man"" trilogy (2002–2007), ""Seabiscuit"" (2003), ""The

the ""Best Alternative"" UTA Award for their first album. Shrink the Giant also recently completed their second album ""Faceless"". It was released worldwide on December 4, 2014 in both digital download and CD format. Stefania Barr Stefania Noelle Barr (born December 4, 1994) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, composer, and lead vocalist of indie-alternative rock band ""Shrink the Giant"". She is perhaps best known for her role as Maysilee Donner in ""The Hunger Games: Second Quarter Quell."" Barr started her acting career in 2003 (age 7) with Disney Channel Original Movie ""Right On Track"". She was praised for her

"Anna Camp"
Anna Camp Anna Ragsdale Camp (born September 27, 1982) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her roles as the villainous Sarah Newlin in the HBO vampire drama ""True Blood"" and Aubrey Posen in the musical comedy films ""Pitch Perfect"" (2012), ""Pitch Perfect 2"" (2015), and ""Pitch Perfect 3"" (2017). She has had recurring roles in the television series ""Mad Men"", ""The Good Wife"", and ""The Mindy Project"". She made her Broadway debut in the 2008 production of ""A Country House"" and played Jill Mason in the 2008 Broadway revival of Peter Shaffer's ""Equus"". In

"Jena Malone"
Jena Malone Jena Laine Malone (; born November 21, 1984) is an American actress, musician and photographer. Malone made her acting debut in the television film ""Bastard Out of Carolina"" (1996); subsequently, she starred in a number of mainstream and independent films including ""Ellen Foster"" (1997), ""Contact"" (1997), ""Stepmom"" (1998), ""Donnie Darko"" (2001), ""Life as a House"" (2001), """" (2003), ""Saved!"" (2004), ""Pride & Prejudice"" (2005), ""Into the Wild"" (2007), ""The Ruins"" (2008), ""Sucker Punch"" (2011) and ""The Neon Demon"" (2016). She played Johanna Mason in ""The Hunger Games"" film series. Malone is also an indie pop musician in two

"Rene Russo"
Rene Russo Rene Marie Russo (born February 17, 1954) is an American actress, producer, and former model. Russo began her career in the 1970s as a fashion model appearing on several magazine covers including ""Vogue"" and ""Cosmopolitan"". She made her film debut in the 1989 comedy film ""Major League"". Later, Russo starred in a number of thrillers and action movies throughout the 1990s, including ""Mr. Destiny"" (1990) and ""One Good Cop"" (1991). In the 1990s, she played Lorna Cole in ""Lethal Weapon 3"" (1992) and ""Lethal Weapon 4"" (1998). She also appeared in ""In the Line of Fire"" (1993), ""Outbreak""

"Denise DuBarry"
Denise DuBarry Denise DuBarry (born March 6, 1956) is an American actress, businesswoman, film producer, and philanthropist. She co-founded Thane International, Inc., a direct response industry company along with her husband, Bill Hay, in 1990. She served as its Chief Creative Officer for 15 years, from 1990–2005. As an actress, she is best known for her role as nurse Lieutenant Samantha Green, on the television series ""Black Sheep Squadron"", and as Johanna Franklin in the film ""Being There"". She was a pioneer in the infomercial industry as producer of ""Play the Piano Overnight"" in 1988, which won the Billboard Music

"Saffron Burrows"
Saffron Burrows Saffron Dominique Burrows (born 22 October 1972) is a British-American actress and model. Burrows has appeared in films such as ""Circle of Friends,"" ""Wing Commander,"" ""Deep Blue Sea,"" ""Gangster No. 1,"" ""Enigma,"" ""Troy,"" ""Reign Over Me"" and ""The Bank Job."" On the small screen she has starred as Lorraine Weller on ""Boston Legal,"" Dr. Norah Skinner on ""My Own Worst Enemy,"" and Detective Serena Stevens on ""."" She appeared as Cynthia Taylor on the Amazon Video series ""Mozart in the Jungle."" An only child, Burrows was born in London, England. Both her parents are socialists. Her father is

"Claudia Myers"
of the National Board of Review. Myers wrote and directed the film ""Kettle of Fish"" in 2006. A romantic comedy of a womanizing and commitment-phobic saxophonist (Matthew Modine) in co-habitation with a research biologist (Gina Gershon). The film was a part of the Tribeca Film Festival in 2006. In 2014 Myers wrote and directed the film ""Fort Bliss"". ""Fort Bliss"" is a film about an army medic and single mother Maggie Swann (portrayed by Michelle Monaghan) struggling to readjust to life with her family after a tour in Afghanistan. The film won the Audience Award at the 2014 Champs-Élysées Film

"Bingo (U.S.)"
Bingo (U.S.) In the United States, Bingo is a game of chance in which each player matches numbers printed in different arrangements on 5×5 cards which the numbers the game host (caller) draws at random, marking the selected numbers with tiles. When a player finds the selected numbers are arranged on their card in a row, they call out ""Bingo!"" to alert all participants to a winning card, which prompts the game host (or an associate assisting the host) to examine the card for verification of the win. Players compete against one another to be the first to have a

"Buzzword bingo"
Buzzword bingo Buzzword bingo, also known as bullshit bingo, is a bingo-style game where participants prepare bingo cards with buzzwords and tick them off when they are uttered during an event, such as a meeting or speech. The goal of the game is to tick off a predetermined number of words in a row and then signal bingo to other players. Buzzword bingo is generally played in situations where audience members feel that the speaker is relying too heavily on buzzwords or jargon rather than providing relevant details or clarity. Business meetings led by guest speakers or notable company personalities

"Bingo (United Kingdom)"
is generally restricted to independent bingo clubs, as it is not common practice in either of the largest chains of bingo club operators, Gala and Mecca bingo. The different winning combinations are: As each number is called, players check to see if it appears on their tickets. If it does, they mark it off with a special marker called a ""dabber"" or ""dauber"", or simply cross it off with a pen or pencil, depending on the venue. When all the numbers required to win a prize have been marked off, the player shouts in order to attract the caller's attention.

"Bingo (card game)"
the rank of the center card just turned are now revealed and discarded. The discards can be placed face-up in front of the player. Betting rounds continue until a player has all of the cards knocked from their hand. In analogy to regular bingo, the first player to realize their hand is empty says ""bingo"" and claims the pot. If no player is knocked out after all the center cards have been revealed, then all of the players reveal their remaining cards. A winner can be determined by adding the rank values of cards remaining in the hand. In determining

There are no formal rules as to what can be shouted, but most players will shout ""Yes"" or ""Bingo"". Some players may also choose to shout ""Line"" or ""House"" depending on the prize, whilst others choose to shout ""house"" for any win (including a line or two lines), players may use any other call to attract the caller's attention (should they wish). An official or member of staff will then come and check the claim: There will often be an interval halfway through the game. In UK bingo halls it is most common for Mechanised Cash Bingo to be played

Anamonic
Anamonic An anamonic is a form of mnemonic device frequently employed by tournament Scrabble players (the word anamonic is itself a portmanteau of anagram and mnemonic). It consists of a six or seven letter ""stem"" (often, but not always, an acceptable word itself), paired with a phrase in which each letter can be added to the stem and rearranged (anagrammed) to form a new word. Typical stems are sets of six or seven letters, as such anamonics aid in learning and in finding valuable seven- and eight-letter bingo (UK: ""bonus"") plays. Just as importantly, a player can quickly verify that

"Prize Bingo"
a 'ball machine' - this mixed up colour-coded balls with each number on and the machine would release numbers when a button was pressed, these would be announced by the caller and put aside, being returned to the 'pool' when the game had finished, usually via some kind of mechanical device. However, in the last few decades, these installations (if they are still open) have been converted to electronic operation, with most systems now being controlled by some kind of computer. This has many benefits over traditional methods, including less electromechanical equipment to service, and more importantly, the opportunity for

and four, a Duck At The Door"" With Prize Bingo, somebody is guaranteed to win every game. While some establishments will not operate Prize Bingo until a certain number of people are there, the more people are playing, the less chance you have of winning. It is a random game of luck with no skill involved, however players can increase their chances of winning by playing more cards, such as the 'gold card' available on many setups. The most common type of prize bingo operating software allows the caller to appear to 'shuffle' the numbers. Random numbers flash up on

"Bingo (Scrabble)"
Bingo (Scrabble) Bingo is a slang term used in Scrabble for a play using all seven of the player's tiles. A player who does this receives 50 points in addition to what the word would normally score. Mattel, the game's manufacturer in the United Kingdom, uses the term bonus to describe such a word. In French, it is called a ""scrabble"". Bingos are an important part of achieving high scores in Scrabble. While many beginners rarely play even one during a game, experts frequently score three or more. Much advanced strategy revolves around maximizing one's chance of playing of a

the player's machines. The caller usually just has to literally call the numbers and press a button to advance the numbers. While the consoles are fitted with sliders for players to cover up the numbers being read, unlike most derivatives of Bingo, Prize Bingo is usually configured so that the computer detects as soon as somebody has a winning combination and ends the game automatically, without the need for any intervention from the player. If more than one player has a winning combination, the prize is shared. Some games though require the player to press a button when they have

"Cleansing of the Temple"
(Ant 15.380) the temple reconstruction was started by Herod the Great in the 18th year of his reign 22 BC, two years before Augustus arrived in Syria in 20 BC to return the son of Phraates IV and receive in return the spoils and standards of three Roman legions (Ant 15.354). Temple expansion and reconstruction was ongoing, and it was in constant reconstruction until it was destroyed in 70 AD by the Romans. Given that it had taken 46 years of construction to that point, the Temple visit in the Gospel of John has been estimated at any time between

history is synonymous with events pertaining to the Temple itself. After the destruction of Solomon's Temple by Nebuchadnezzar II, construction of the Second Temple began under Cyrus in around 538 BCE, and was completed in 516 BCE. Evidence of a Hasmonean expansion of the Temple Mount has been recovered by archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer. Around 19 BCE, Herod the Great further expanded the Mount and rebuilt the temple. The ambitious project, which involved the employment of 10,000 workers, more than doubled the size of the Temple Mount to approximately . Herod leveled the area by cutting away rock on the northwest

state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 AM), 165 years later than secular estimates. The exact location of the Temple is unknown: it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present-day Temple Mount, where the Dome of the Rock is situated. According to the Tanakh, the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign

"Second Temple"
the rebuilding of the Temple possible. According to the closing verses of the second book of Chronicles and the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem following a decree from Cyrus the Great (, ), construction started at the original site of Solomon's Temple. After a relatively brief halt due to opposition from peoples who had filled the vacuum during the Jewish captivity (), work resumed c. 521 BCE under Darius I () and was completed during the sixth year of his reign (c. 516 BCE), with the temple dedication taking place the following year.

"Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)"
Bible describes the city as enduring horrible deprivation. After completion of the eleventh year of Zedekiah's reign, Nebuchadnezzar broke through Jerusalem's walls, conquering the city. Zedekiah and his followers attempted to escape but were captured on the plains of Jericho and taken to Riblah. There, after seeing his sons killed, Zedekiah was blinded, bound, and taken captive to Babylon, where he remained a prisoner until his death. After the fall of Jerusalem, the Babylonian general, Nebuzaraddan, was sent to complete its destruction. Jerusalem was plundered, and Solomon's Temple was destroyed. Most of the elite were taken into captivity in Babylon.

Zerubbabel
rebuild the Temple was because of ""the widespread revolts at the beginning of the reign of Darius I in 522 BC, which preoccupied him to such a degree that Zerubbabel felt he could initiate the rebuilding of the temple without repercussions"". The Davidic line from Jeconiah had been cursed by Jeremiah, saying that no offspring of ""Coniah"" would sit on the throne (). Zerubbabel was of the main Davidic line through Solomon and Jeconiah. The prophets Zechariah and Haggai both give unclear statements regarding Zerubbabel's authority in their oracles, in which Zerubbabel was either the subject of a false prophecy

of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE (2 Kings 24:13). A decade later, Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE, subsequently burning the Temple, along with most of the city (2 Kings 25). According to Jewish tradition, the Temple was destroyed on ""Tisha B'Av"", the 9th day of Av (Hebrew calendar). The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design, and its description is considered the best description of what a Phoenician temple looked like. The detailed descriptions provided in the Tanakh are the sources for reconstructions of its

who won the 10m air pistol gold medal at commonwealth shooting championship in brisbane australia

"Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air rifle"
additional 20 shots. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. 19 year-old shooter Virginia Thrasher won the event with the score of 208.0, breaking the Olympic record and became the first gold-medalist of 2016 Summer Olympics The medals were presented by Thomas Bach, IOC President and Olegario Vázquez Raña, President of the International Shooting Sport Federation. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. The following records were established during the competition: Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air rifle The women's 10 metre air

"Suma Shirur"
Suma Shirur Suma Shirur (born 10 May 1974) is a former Indian shooter who competed in the 10 metre air rifle event. She is a joint world record holder in the event, having scored the maximum of 400 points in the qualification round, which she achieved at the 2004 Asian Shooting Championships in Kuala Lumpur. In 2003, she was awarded the Arjuna Award by the government of India. Suma Betaraya Dixit was born on 10 May 1974, in Chikkaballapur, in the Karnataka state of India. She completed her education in Mumbai, doing schooling in St. Xavier's school, and college education

"Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air rifle"
in increments of one point, with an additional point in the center ring that is scored in increments of 0.1. Therefore, the maximum score is 10.9 per shot. The maximum score that can be achieved during qualification is 654.0. Niccolò Campriani of Italy won the gold medal, Ukraine's Serhiy Kulish won the silver medal while Russia's Vladimir Maslennikov won the bronze medal. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. The final was shot according to the ISSF regulations. The athletes shot 6 shots in 2×3 series before the lowest-ranked was eliminated every other shot.

"Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air rifle"
moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking. Gun - 4.5 mm Calibre Rifle Maximum 5.5 kg Bullet - 4.5 mm Pellets BullsEye - 0.55 mm Time for Each Shot - 75 seconds Alin Moldoveanu of Romania won the gold medal by scoring 702.1. Gagan Narang won the Bronze Medal in the Men's 10 m Air Rifle Event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London with a final score

"Gagan Narang"
medal Gagan Narang Gagan Narang (born 6 May 1983) is an Indian shooter, supported by the Olympic Gold Quest. He was the first Indian to qualify for the London Olympics. He won the Bronze Medal in the Men's 10 m Air Rifle Event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London with a final score of 701.1 on 30 July 2012. Gagan was born to Bhimsen Narang and his wife Amarjit to a Punjabi family in Chennai on the 6 May 1983. His father is a retired chief manager of the Air India. Gagan's family hail from the Simla Gujran village

"Apurvi Chandela"
10 meter air rifle mixed team event, and won a bronze medal. She is being mentored by former National Champion Rakesh Manpat. Apurvi Chandela Apurvi Singh Chandela (born 4 January 1993) is an Indian sport shooter who competes in the 10 metre air rifle event. She won the gold medal in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Chandela was born in Jaipur. Her father is Kuldeep Singh Chandela, a hotelier, and mother is Bindu Rathore. She did her schooling from Mayo College Girls School Beawar & Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls' School, Jaipur. She studied Sociology honours from Jesus and Mary

"Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol"
shot were in increments of 0.1, with a maximum score of 10.9. Vietnamese shooter Hoàng Xuân Vinh set an Olympic record based on ISSF Rule changed on 1 January 2013 in the final round with a score of 202.5, winning the first-ever gold medal for his country in the history of the Olympic Games. The medals were presented by Mamadou Diagna Ndiaye, IOC member, Senegal and Franz Schreiber, Secretary General of the International Shooting Sport Federation. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows: The following records were established during the competition: Shooting at the

"Georgina Geikie"
10m pistol event finishing 47th with a score of 359. Georgina Geikie Georgina Geikie (born 6 December 1984) is a British sport shooter who competed for Great Britain in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Geikie was born in Okehampton, Devon. She studied for a degree in Product Design at Cardiff University. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne, Australia, Geikie teamed up with Julia Lyndall to win the bronze medal in the women's 10 meters air pistol pairs behind gold medallists Dina Aspandiyarova and Lalita Yauhleuskaya of Australia and silver medallists Joseline Lee Yean Cheah and Bibiana Pei Chin Ng

"Susanne Meyerhoff"
third Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Meyerhoff decided to focus on her signature event, the women's 10 m air pistol. She fired a substandard 379 out of a possible 400 to force in a four-way tie with South Korea's Park Ah-young, Hungary's Dorottya Erdős, and Australia's Lalita Yauhleuskaya for twenty-first place in the qualifying round, finishing five points below the Olympic final cutoff. Meyerhoff is the mother of 4 children: Julie (1997), Viktoria (2001), William (2008) and August (2012) and married to skeet shooter and 2004 Olympian Michael Nielsen. Susanne Meyerhoff Susanne Maria Meyerhoff (born 7 July

"Shooting at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol"
Shooting at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol Men's 10 metre air pistol made its Olympic debut at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Erich Buljung equalled the world record (held by Vladas Turla and Igor Basinski) of 590 points in the qualification round, acquiring a two-point lead over the new 50 metre champion, Sorin Babii. Neither of them performed a good final however, and Tanyu Kiryakov eliminated his entire five-point gap to first place. The tie between Kiryakov and Buljung was resolved on grounds of higher final score, with Kiryakov becoming the inaugural champion. Xu Haifeng surpassed

Philadelphia
combined statistical area in the United States. William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin.

in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin, and the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, founded in 1814. The Presbyterian Historical Society is the country's oldest denominational historical society, organized in 1852. The city contains many art museums, such as the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Rodin Museum, which holds the largest collection of work by Auguste Rodin outside France. The city's major art museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, is one of the largest art museums in the world. The long flight of steps to the Art Museum's main entrance became famous after the film ""Rocky"" (1976). The city is home

including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks and the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. The city became a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities in 2015, as the first World Heritage City in the United States. Although Philadelphia is rapidly undergoing gentrification, the city actively maintains mitigation strategies to minimize displacement of homeowners in gentrifying neighborhoods. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest

Fairmount Water Works. The city is the seat of its own county. The adjacent counties are Montgomery to the northwest; Bucks to the north and northeast; Burlington County, New Jersey, to the east; Camden County, New Jersey, to the southeast; Gloucester County, New Jersey, to the south; and Delaware County to the southwest. Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running nearly due east-west and north-south, forming a grid pattern between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers that is aligned with their

for Peace"" project with Mosul, Iraq, as well as accepting visiting delegations from dozens of other countries. See additional . Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower

and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. Though poor at first, the city became an important trading center with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals. A number of philosophical societies were formed, which were centers of the city's intellectual life: the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785), the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures

Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown neighborhood. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for ""brotherly love,"" derived from the Ancient Greek terms φίλος ""phílos"" (beloved, dear) and ἀδελφός ""adelphós"" (brother, brotherly). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely.

World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other national historic sites include the homes of Edgar Allan Poe and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country. Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University

Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people

who is the supreme court judge was a former chief justice of kerala high court

"Jasti Chelameswar"
system of appointing judges, which he said has become “a euphemism for nepotism” where “mediocrity or even less” is promoted and a “constitutional disorder” does not look distant. Jasti Chelameswar Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Chelameswar was born

"P. Sathasivam"
P. Sathasivam Palanisamy Sathasivam (born 27 April 1949) is the current Governor of Kerala, in office since 2014. He previously served as the 40th Chief Justice of India from 2013 to 2014. Sathasivam is the second judge from Tamil Nadu to become the CJI. He is also the first former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to be appointed as the Governor of a state. Sathasivam was born to Palaniswamy and Natchiammal in Kadappanallur near Bhavani in Erode district. He graduated from Government Law College Chennai after completing his BA degree Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi. Sathasivam enrolled as

"P. N. Ravindran"
P. N. Ravindran P. N. Ravindran (; born 29 May 1956) was a judge of Kerala High Court. The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. The High Court of Kerala is headquartered at Ernakulam, Kochi. Justice Ravindran retired from service on 28 May 2018. Ravindran graduated in Law from Government Law College, Ernakulam in the year 1979, enrolled in Bar Council of Kerala on 16.12.1979 and started practicing in Kerala High Court. While practicing in various branches of law, served as Additional Central Government Standing

"K. G. Balakrishnan"
K. G. Balakrishnan Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan (K. G. Balakrishnan) (b. 12 May 1945) was the former Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of India. He is a former Chief Justice of India. He was the first judge from the state of Kerala to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His tenure lasting more than three years has been one of the longest in the Supreme Court of India. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan was born at Kaduthuruthy, near Vaikom, Kingdom of Travancore. According to Balakrishnan, ""Though my father was only a matriculate and my mother had her schooling

"K. S. Paripoornan"
K. S. Paripoornan Krishnaswami Sundara Paripoornan (12 June 1932 – 3 February 2016) was an Indian jurist and lawyer, who was a justice of the Supreme Court of India from 1994 to 1997, and was known for his landmark judgements regarding the devaswom boards in Kerala. Paripoornan was born in 1932 in Trivandrum in the state of Kerala. His father, Krishnaswami Ayyangar, was also a renowned lawyer. Paripoornan graduated with a law degree from Madras Law College, and working in his father's practice, enrolled as an advocate in the High Court of Travancore-Cochin in June 1956. The court became Kerala

Jasti Chelameswar Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Chelameswar was born in Peddamuttevi village of Movva mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, the son of Jasti Lakshminarayana, a lawyer who practised at the district court, and his wife Annapoornamma. After

"A. N. Ray"
impression that Prime Minister's views might be heard concerning an ongoing court-case. Ultimately, the powers of the Judiciary over judicial appointments was re-established under the Morarji Desai government with Shanti Bhushan as law minister. Additional District Magistrate of Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla (also known as the ""Habeas corpus case"") is a major decision during his tenure as Chief Justice. A. N. Ray Ajit Nath Ray (29 January 1912 – 25 December 2010) was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India from 25 April 1973 till his retirement on 28 January 1977. Ray was the lone dissenter among

Counsel from 18.06.1998 to 21.04.1999, Legal Advisor and Standing Counsel for Guruvayur Devaswom from 201.11.2002 to 25.04.2005. He was appointed as the Additional Judge of Kerala High Court on 12 December 2007 and became elevated as Permanent Judge from 9 December 2009. P. N. Ravindran P. N. Ravindran (; born 29 May 1956) was a judge of Kerala High Court. The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. The High Court of Kerala is headquartered at Ernakulam, Kochi. Justice Ravindran retired from service on 28 May

"Ashok Bhushan"
the High Court of Kerala on 10 July 2014, has taken charge as Acting Chief Justice on 1 August 2014 and as Chief Justice on 26 March 2015. He was appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 13 May 2016. Ashok Bhushan Ashok Bhushan (born 5 July 1956 in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) is currently a judge at the Supreme Court of India. He was the 31st Chief Justice of Kerala High Court. He was born in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh on 5 July 1956 to late Shri Chandrama Prasad Srivastava and his wife Smt. Kalavathi Srivasthava. After completion

"V. Balakrishna Eradi"
V. Balakrishna Eradi Vettath Balakrishna Eradi (19 June 1922 – 30 December 2010) was a Judge of Supreme Court of India. He also served as the Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court and as President of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) and the Chairman of Ravi & Beas Waters Disputes Tribunal. Eradi was also noted for his role in several spiritual, cultural, and social organizations. Balakrishnan Eradi was born on 19 June 1922 at Kozhikode in the Indian State of Kerala. He had his early education at the Zamorin’s High School and Zamorin's College, both in Kozhikode.

"My Kinsman, Major Molineux"
no one in town tells him where the major is. A rich man threatens the youth with prison, and an innkeeper calls him a runaway bond-servant. At the inn, he meets a man with a face described as looking like the devil - two protrusions emanating from his forehead (like horns), eyes burning like 'fire in a cave'- who seems at the center of many evil things. Later, he runs into the man again, but this time his face is painted black and red. After blocking his path with a cudgel, he finally gets the answer that his kinsman will

soon pass by. He waits at the spot on the steps of a church where he is greeted by the first polite gentleman he has met all night. Soon, the two men hear the roar of an approaching mob. At its head is the man with the red and black face and in its midst is Major Molineux, tarred and feathered. The crowd is in an uproar, and everyone is laughing. Soon, so is young Robin, as his eyes meet those of the Major, who knows him right away. Disillusioned, the youth asks the gentleman the way back to the

My Kinsman, Major Molineux ""My Kinsman, Major Molineux"" is a short story written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1831. It first appeared in the 1832 edition of ""The Token and Atlantic Souvenir"", published by Samuel Goodrich. It later appeared in ""The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales"", a collection of short stories by Hawthorne published in 1852 by Ticknor, Reed & Fields. The story exemplifies the darkest times of American development. In about 1732, Robin, a youth, arrives by ferry in Boston seeking his kinsman, Major Molineux, an official in the British Colonial government, who has promised him work. Yet

"Hero Fiennes-Tiffin"
Hero Fiennes-Tiffin Hero Beauregard Fiennes Tiffin (born 6 November 1997) is an English actor and model best known for his role as the 11-year-old Tom Riddle, the young version of antagonist Lord Voldemort (played in the films by his uncle, Ralph Fiennes), in ""Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince"", the sixth installment of the ""Harry Potter"" films. He also played the role of ""younger Charlie"" in the war based film ""Private Peaceful"". Hero will portray bad-boy heartthrob Hardin Scott in the upcoming movie ""After"", an adaptation of the novel by Anna Todd. Fiennes Tiffin was born in London to

"Charles de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan"
or on an incident in General Dumas's youth when he was insulted, or on General Dumas's youthful companionship with fellow soldiers in the Queen's Dragoons. D'Artagnan's role among the musketeers is one of leadership (his skills and brains impress the musketeers greatly), but he is also regarded as a sort of protégé given his youth and inexperience. Athos sees him not only as a best friend and fellow musketeer but nearly as a son. Towards the end of the story, his death at the siege of Maastricht is given an extra tragic twist – he is mortally wounded whilst reading

de M. d'Artagnan"". Alexandre Dumas in turn used Sandras' novel as the main source for his d'Artagnan Romances (""The Three Musketeers"", ""Twenty Years After"" and ""The Vicomte de Bragelonne""), which cover d'Artagnan's career from his humble beginnings in Gascony to his death at Maastricht. Although Dumas knew that Sandras's version was heavily fictionalised, in the preface to ""The Three Musketeers"" he affected to believe that the memoirs were real, in order to make his novel more believable. D'Artagnan is initially portrayed by Dumas as a hotheaded youth, and tries to engage the Comte de Rochefort and the three musketeers, Athos,

ferry. Yet the latter restrains him, saying that it is still possible for him to thrive without his kinsman's protection. The American poet Robert Lowell adapted this story into one of the three plays in his trilogy ""The Old Glory,"" first produced by the American Place Theatre in New York City in 1964. Lowell's version of the story is a more cartoonish and surreal version than the original. My Kinsman, Major Molineux ""My Kinsman, Major Molineux"" is a short story written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1831. It first appeared in the 1832 edition of ""The Token and Atlantic

"Comte de Rochefort"
Comte de Rochefort The Comte de Rochefort is a secondary fictional character in Alexandre Dumas' d'Artagnan Romances. He is described as approximately 40 to 45 years old in 1625 and ""fair with a scar across his cheek"". Known throughout the novel as ""The Man from Meung"", his first appearance is in the opening chapter of ""The Three Musketeers"" (1844). He insults d'Artagnan and steals his letter of recommendation to Monsieur de Tréville, causing d'Artagnan to swear revenge. He reappears from time to time as the story progresses. D'Artagnan regularly sees Rochefort and tries to catch him, but each time Rochefort

"Little John of Saintré"
education of an ""ideal knight"" and rules for his conduct under many different circumstances. When Petit Jehan, aged thirteen, is persuaded by the Dame des Belles-Cousines to accept her as his lady, she gives him systematic instruction in religion, courtesy, chivalry and the arts of success. She materially advances his career until Saintré becomes an accomplished knight, the fame of whose prowess spreads throughout Europe. This section of the romance, apparently didactic in intention, fits in with the author's other works of edification. But in the second part this virtuous lady falls victim to a vulgar intrigue with Dame Abbé.

as the main role Hardin Scott in the movie ""After"". Hero Fiennes-Tiffin Hero Beauregard Fiennes Tiffin (born 6 November 1997) is an English actor and model best known for his role as the 11-year-old Tom Riddle, the young version of antagonist Lord Voldemort (played in the films by his uncle, Ralph Fiennes), in ""Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince"", the sixth installment of the ""Harry Potter"" films. He also played the role of ""younger Charlie"" in the war based film ""Private Peaceful"". Hero will portray bad-boy heartthrob Hardin Scott in the upcoming movie ""After"", an adaptation of the novel

"Stop Stop Stop"
Stop Stop Stop ""Stop Stop Stop"" is a song by British pop group The Hollies that was written by group members Allan Clarke, Tony Hicks, and Graham Nash, and was a rewrite of an earlier song by the group. It was first released as a single and later appeared on the album ""For Certain Because"" in the United Kingdom. The song was released as a single by the Parlophone label in October 1966 and was released around the same time in the United States by Imperial Records. It was the last single that The Hollies released that year (see 1966

"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)"
Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart) ""Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)"" is a soul song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed that was originally recorded by the Philadelphia soul group the Stylistics. An R&B ballad, it was the first track from their 1971 debut self-titled album and was released as a single in 1971 and reached #39 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. In addition, it also climbed to #6 in the ""Billboard"" R&B chart. Around the same time, Motown wanted their most successful label mates Gaye and Ross to record a duet album. Among the songs

"Stop! (Sam Brown song)"
Stop! (Sam Brown song) ""Stop!"" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Sam Brown, written by Brown, Gregg Sutton, and Bruce Brody. It appears on her debut album of the same name. ""Stop!"" only reached number 42 in the UK charts when it was first released. The follow-up single from the same album ""This Feeling"", faired even worse peaking at 91. However, ""Stop!"" was re-released in 1989 and reached number 4, becoming Brown's biggest hit to date, and spending 12 weeks on charts. It was also subsequently a hit in eleven other countries and was responsible for bringing Brown to

"Don't Stop the Music (George Jones song)"
one of the best practitioners of the honky tonk sound in the late 1950s. It was actually released as the B-side of the up tempo ""Uh, Uh, No,"" but the cry-in-your-beer ballad outperformed the A-side on the charts, making the Top 10. Don't Stop the Music (George Jones song) ""Don't Stop the Music"" is a song written and recorded by George Jones. It was his first single release on Mercury-Starday and peaked at #10 on the country singles chart in early 1957. In late 1956, there were shakeups in some of the top management jobs in Nashville and part of

issued under the pseudonym L. Ransford, which the three used until 1966. ""Stop Stop Stop"" is notable for being one of the few recordings by the group that feature Tony Hicks playing the banjo, and was the only song with that instrument to be performed live by the group. The song – like most others by the group – feature a three-part vocal harmony between Clarke, Hicks, and Nash. The song was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, England and was produced by Ron Richards. Graham Nash has said in various interviews that this song was inspired by the

"Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song)"
Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song) ""Don't Stop the Music"" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her third studio album, ""Good Girl Gone Bad"" (2007). It was released worldwide on September 7, 2007, as the fourth single of the album. The song was written by Tawanna Dabney and its producers StarGate; Michael Jackson also received a songwriting credit for the sampling of the line ""Mama-say, mama-sa, ma-ma-ko-ssa"" from Jackson's 1983 single ""Wanna Be Startin' Somethin"". Both Rihanna and Jackson were sued by Cameroonian musician Manu Dibango, who asserted that the hook originated in his 1972 song ""Soul

a young Russell Simmons shopped the record to New York club DJs as one of his early jobs. The music video for the song featured hand puppets singing ""You don't really wanna stop? No!"" The duo also used them for many of their live performances. The song has been covered multiple times, most notably in 1989 by Simon Harris. In 1998, the song made a flurry of cover appearances, in altered form. Jagged Edge included the song as ""Ain't No Stoppin'"" on their album ""A Jagged Era"", and Puff Daddy (Sean Combs) reworked the song as ""Don't Stop What You're

Don't Stop the Music (George Jones song) ""Don't Stop the Music"" is a song written and recorded by George Jones. It was his first single release on Mercury-Starday and peaked at #10 on the country singles chart in early 1957. In late 1956, there were shakeups in some of the top management jobs in Nashville and part of this realignment saw Starday Records, an independent country music label founded in Houston by Jones's producer and mentor H.W. ""Pappy"" Daily and Jack Starnes, absorbed into Mercury Records. As Colin Escott writes in the liner notes to the Jones retrospective ""Cup of

time New York Record Executive Morris Levy took him and the rest of the band to a strip Club. They had not been to one before since they did not have any in the group’s hometown of Manchester England. The reception for the song in North America was so strong that the group's record labels in the United States (Imperial) and Canada (Capitol) released a studio album by the group titled ""Stop! Stop! Stop!"", which was originally released in the United Kingdom as ""For Certain Because"". Stop Stop Stop ""Stop Stop Stop"" is a song by British pop group The

"Stop Breaking Down"
Stop Breaking Down ""Stop Breaking Down"" or ""Stop Breakin' Down Blues"" is a Delta blues song recorded by Robert Johnson in 1937. Described as an ""upbeat boogie with a strong chorus line"", the song became popular largely through later interpretations by other artists. Robert Johnson recorded ""Stop Breakin' Down Blues"" during his last recording session in 1937 in Dallas, Texas. The song is a solo piece with Johnson providing guitar accompaniment to his vocals. Several songs have been identified as ""melodic precedents"": ""Caught Me Wrong Again"" (Memphis Minnie, 1936), ""Stop Hanging Around"" (Buddy Moss, 1935), and ""You Got to Move""

"The Red Badge of Courage"
were released by Heinemann in early 1896 as part of its Pioneer Series. In 1982, W. W. Norton & Company published a version of the novel based on Crane's original 1894 manuscript of 55,000 words. Edited by Henry Binder, this version is questioned by those who believe Crane made the original edits for the 1895 Appleton edition on his own accord. Since its initial publication, the novel has never gone out of print. On a cold day, the fictional 304th New York Infantry Regiment awaits battle beside a river. Eighteen-year-old Private Henry Fleming, remembering his romantic reasons for enlisting as

courage"". The first twelve chapters, until he receives his accidental wound, expose his cowardice. The following chapters detail his growth and apparently resulting heroism. Before the onset of battle, the novel's protagonist romanticized war; what little he knew about battle he learned from books: ""He had read of marches, sieges, conflicts, and he had longed to see it all"". Therefore, when confronted by the harsh realities of war, Henry is shocked, and his idealism falters. Finding solace in existential thoughts, he internally fights to make sense of the senseless world in which he finds himself. When he seems to come

"The Black Rose"
for launching the protagonists on their journey to the Orient. It was nominated for Best Costumes-Color at the 23rd Academy Awards (Michael Whittaker). The story begins in England approximately a century and a half after the Norman Conquest, or around 1300 A.D. Saxon scholar Walter of Gurnie is the illegitimate son of the Earl of Lessford and has been dispossessed of his inheritance by his father's Norman widow. After joining a group of Saxons who free hostages held by Lessford, Walter is forced into exile when he is recognized. Walter flees England, accompanied by his friend Tristram Griffen, a Saxon

being an innocuous ""fairy blue."" In chapter seven, Henry notes the inexplicable tranquility of nature, ""a woman with a deep aversion to tragedy"", even as the battle rages on. Similarly, Heaven itself is indifferent to the slaughter he encounters on the battlefield. The dichotomy between nature's sweetness and war's destructiveness is further described in chapter eighteen: ""A cloud of dark smoke as from smoldering ruins went up toward the sun now bright and gay in the blue, enameled sky."" After his desertion, however, Henry finds some comfort in the laws of nature, which seem to briefly affirm his previous cowardice:

acclaim, what H. G. Wells called ""an orgy of praise"", shortly after its publication, making Crane an instant celebrity at the age of twenty-four. The novel and its author did have their initial detractors, however, including author and veteran Ambrose Bierce. Adapted several times for the screen, the novel became a bestseller. It has never been out of print and is now thought to be Crane's most important work and a major American text. Stephen Crane published his first novel, """", in March 1893 at the age of 22. ""Maggie"" was not a success, either financially or critically. Most critics

"The Red and the Green"
publication. The novel is set in Dublin during the week leading up to the Easter Rising of 1916. All the characters are members of a complexly interrelated Anglo-Irish family. As the story begins Andrew Chase-White is a young Second lieutenant in King Edward's Horse, spending a leave with his family in Ireland before accompanying his regiment to France. Andrew Chase-White grew up in England, the only child of Protestant Anglo-Irish parents. His recently widowed mother Hilda has decided to move to Ireland. Andrew's paternal grandfather was his grandmother's second husband. With her first husband she had two children, Brian and

Redgauntlet
Redgauntlet Redgauntlet (1824) is a historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, set in Dumfries, Scotland in 1765, and described by Magnus Magnusson (a point first made by Andrew Lang) as ""in a sense, the most autobiographical of Scott's novels."" It describes the beginnings of a fictional ""third"" Jacobite Rebellion, and includes ""Wandering Willie's Tale"", a famous short story which frequently appears in anthologies. The novel's hero is a young man named Darsie Latimer. Early in the novel he is kidnapped by Hugh Redgauntlet, and taken to a village in Dumfries. Darsie's friend Alan Fairford sets out to rescue him. After

The Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage is a war novel by American author Stephen Crane (1871–1900). Taking place during the American Civil War, the story is about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound, a ""red badge of courage,"" to counteract his cowardice. When his regiment once again faces the enemy, Henry acts as standard-bearer, who carries a flag. Although Crane was born after the war, and had not at the time experienced battle first-hand, the novel is known

"The Red Horse"
is a result of this loss. It was translated into English and published by Ignatius Press in 2002. The novel begins in late Spring 1940 in the town of Nomana (a literary depiction of Corti's hometown Besana in Brianza) where the inhabitants live on agriculture, farming, or work in the textile mill owned by the local industrialist Gerardo Riva, Ambrogio's father. In the afternoon of 10 June, the workers gather in the town square to hear Mussolini's declaration of war over the loudspeakers. However, they receive the news with no enthusiasm: fascism has very few supporters in Nomana, where most

"Red Square (novel)"
Red Square (novel) Red Square is a crime novel by Martin Cruz Smith, primarily set in Moscow, Munich and Berlin between August 6 and August 21, 1991. It is a sequel to ""Gorky Park"" and ""Polar Star"" and features the Investigator Arkady Renko, taking place during the period of the collapse of the Soviet Union. As the existing social and economic structures of the Soviet Union break down, Arkady Renko has been reinstated as an Investigator in the Moscow Militsiya (Police Force). He is trying to clear up a nest of illicit traders when his chief informant dies in a

"Evolution of the eye"
whereas deuterostomes allow less through. This suggests that when the two lineages diverged in the Precambrian, they had only very primitive light receptors, which developed into more complex eyes independently. The basic light-processing unit of eyes is the photoreceptor cell, a specialized cell containing two types of molecules in a membrane: the opsin, a light-sensitive protein, surrounding the chromophore, a pigment that distinguishes colors. Groups of such cells are termed ""eyespots"", and have evolved independently somewhere between 40 and 65 times. These eyespots permit animals to gain only a very basic sense of the direction and intensity of light, but

gene with known homologues in humans (aniridia), mice (small eye), and ""Drosophila"" (eyeless). The Pax-6 gene locus is a transcription factor for the various genes and growth factors involved in eye formation. Eye morphogenesis begins with the evagination, or outgrowth, of the optic grooves or sulci. These two grooves in the neural folds transform into optic vesicles with the closure of the neural tube. The optic vesicles then develop into the optic cup with the inner layer forming the retina and the outer portion forming the retinal pigment epithelium. The middle portion of the optic cup develops into the ciliary

There is some evidence that LMX1B plays a role in periocular mesenchymal survival. Eye development Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. Cells from both the mesodermal and the ectodermal tissues contribute to the formation of the eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest and mesoderm. Neuroepithelium forms the retina, ciliary body, iris, and optic nerves. Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the

nearly all major animal groups, and are common among unicellular organisms, including euglena. The euglena's eyespot, called a ""stigma"", is located at its anterior end. It is a small splotch of red pigment which shades a collection of light sensitive crystals. Together with the leading flagellum, the eyespot allows the organism to move in response to light, often toward the light to assist in photosynthesis, and to predict day and night, the primary function of circadian rhythms. Visual pigments are located in the brains of more complex organisms, and are thought to have a role in synchronising spawning with lunar

body and iris. During the invagination of the optic cup, the ectoderm begins to thicken and form the lens placode, which eventually separates from the ectoderm to form the lens vesicle at the open end of the optic cup. Further differentiation and mechanical rearrangement of cells in and around the optic cup gives rise to the fully developed eye. This development is an example of sequential inductions where the organ is formed from three different tissues: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles. Development of the optic vesicles starts in the 3-week embryo, from a

and the resolution and aperture needs of the organism, driven by hunting or survival requirements. This type is now functionally identical to the eye of most vertebrates, including humans. Indeed, ""the basic pattern of all vertebrate eyes is similar."" Five classes of visual opsins are found in vertebrates. All but one of these developed prior to the divergence of Cyclostomata and fish. The five opsin classes are variously adapted depending on the light spectrum encountered. As light travels through water, longer wavelengths, such as reds and yellows, are absorbed more quickly than the shorter wavelengths of the greens and blues.

"Lens (anatomy)"
of the lens fibers of a particular layer. Moving outwards from the central, oldest layer, the lens is split into an embryonic nucleus, the fetal nucleus, the adult nucleus, and the outer cortex. New lens fibers, generated from the lens epithelium, are added to the outer cortex. Mature lens fibers have no organelles or nuclei. Development of the human lens begins at the 4 mm embryonic stage. Unlike the rest of the eye, which is derived mostly from the neural ectoderm, the lens is derived from the surface ectoderm. The first stage of lens differentiation takes place when the optic

narrow range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum—the visible spectrum—is because the earliest species to develop photosensitivity were aquatic, and only two specific wavelength ranges of electromagnetic radiation, blue and green visible light, can travel through water. This same light-filtering property of water also influenced the photosensitivity of plants. In a lensless eye, the light emanating from a distant point hits the back of the eye with about the same size as the eye's aperture. With the addition of a lens this incoming light is concentrated on a smaller surface area, without reducing the overall intensity of the stimulus. The

any other mechanism"" to ""a moderately high stage of perfection"", and gave examples of existing intermediate steps. Current research is investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying eye development and evolution. Biologist D.E. Nilsson has independently theorized about four general stages in the evolution of a vertebrate eye from a patch of photoreceptors. Nilsson and S. Pelger estimated in a classic paper that only a few hundred thousand generations are needed to evolve a complex eye in vertebrates. Another researcher, G.C. Young, has used the fossil record to infer evolutionary conclusions, based on the structure of eye orbits and openings in fossilized

"History of the periodic table"
fire"" (""kaltes Feuer""). He kept his discovery secret until 1680, when Robert Boyle rediscovered phosphorus and published his findings. The discovery of phosphorus helped to raise the question of what it meant for a substance to be an element. In 1661, Boyle defined an element as ""those primitive and simple Bodies of which the mixt ones are said to be composed, and into which they are ultimately resolved."" Lavoisier's ""Traité Élémentaire de Chimie"" (""Elementary Treatise of Chemistry""), which was written in 1789 and first translated into English by the writer Robert Kerr, is considered to be the first modern textbook

the Periodic Law for the chemical elements"". He contributed the word 'periodic' in chemistry. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to make a periodic table similar to the one used today. Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to relative molar mass. It is sometimes said that he played 'chemical solitaire' on long train journeys, using cards with various facts about the known elements. On March 6, 1869, Mendeleev gave a formal presentation, ""The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements"", to the Russian Chemical Society. In 1869, the table was published

group having related properties. He termed these groups ""triads"". Definition of Triad law:-""Chemically analogous elements arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights formed well marked groups of three called Triads in which the atomic weight of the middle element was found to be generally the arithmetic mean of the atomic weight of the other two elements in the triad. Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements — similar elements occurring at regular intervals when they are ordered by their atomic weights. In 1862 he devised an early form

displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the various element properties, but also the predicted chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first to publish a recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within the table. Most of his forecasts proved to be correct. Mendeleev's idea has

While many leading chemists refused to believe Lavoisier's new revelations, the ""Elementary Treatise"" was written well enough to convince the younger generation. However, Lavoisier's descriptions of his elements lack completeness, as he only classified them as metals and non-metals. In 1815, the English physician and chemist William Prout noticed that atomic weights seemed to be multiples of that of hydrogen. In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a chemist, began to formulate one of the earliest attempts to classify the elements. In 1829, he found that he could form some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each

History of the periodic table The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements and are organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number. The standard form of the table consists of a grid of elements with rows called periods and columns called groups. The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties. The most important event in its history occurred in 1869, when the table was published by Dmitri Mendeleev, who built upon earlier

"Dmitri Mendeleev"
has occasionally awarded a Mendeleev Golden Medal since 1965. Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ( ; , <nowiki>,</nowiki> ; 8 February 18342 February 1907 ) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law, created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850). His paternal grandfather Pavel

and the Chemical Society refused to publish his work. Newlands was nonetheless able to draft a table of the elements and used it to predict the existence of missing elements, such as germanium. The Chemical Society only acknowledged the significance of his discoveries five years after they credited Mendeleev. In 1867, Gustavus Hinrichs, a Danish born academic chemist based in America, published a spiral periodic system based on atomic spectra and weights, and chemical similarities. His work was regarded as idiosyncratic, ostentatious and labyrinthine and this may have militated against its recognition and acceptance. Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev and

Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ( ; , <nowiki>,</nowiki> ; 8 February 18342 February 1907 ) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law, created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850). His paternal grandfather Pavel Maximovich Sokolov was a Russian Orthodox priest from the

published his periodic table of the known elements, predicted new elements to help complete his table and corrected the atomic weights of some of the elements, Meyer published a virtually identical periodic table. Meyer and Mendeleev are considered by some historians of science to be the co-creators of the periodic table, but Mendeleev's accurate prediction of the qualities of undiscovered elements enables him to have the larger share of the credit. In 1864, the English chemist William Odling also drew up a table that was remarkably similar to the table produced by Mendeleev. Odling overcame the tellurium-iodine problem and even

"Morse code"
patrol planes that were sent out by those navies to scout for enemy warships, cargo ships, and troop ships. In addition, rapidly moving armies in the field could not have fought effectively without radiotelegraphy because they moved more rapidly than telegraph and telephone lines could be erected. This was seen especially in the blitzkrieg offensives of the Nazi German Wehrmacht in Poland, Belgium, France (in 1940), the Soviet Union, and in North Africa; by the British Army in North Africa, Italy, and the Netherlands; and by the U.S. Army in France and Belgium (in 1944), and in southern Germany in

bulky and the spark gap system of transmission was difficult to use, there had been some earlier attempts. In 1910, the US Navy experimented with sending Morse from an airplane. That same year, a radio on the airship ""America"" had been instrumental in coordinating the rescue of its crew. Zeppelin airships equipped with radio were used for bombing and naval scouting during World War I, and ground-based radio direction finders were used for airship navigation. Allied airships and military aircraft also made some use of radiotelegraphy. However, there was little aeronautical radio in general use during World War I, and

for use with early communications systems and for identification of navigational beacons which transmitted continuous two- or three-letter identifiers in Morse code. Aeronautical charts show the identifier of each navigational aid next to its location on the map. Radiotelegraphy using Morse code was vital during World War II, especially in carrying messages between the warships and the naval bases of the belligerents. Long-range ship-to-ship communication was by radio telegraphy, using encrypted messages because the voice radio systems on ships then were quite limited in both their range and their security. Radiotelegraphy was also extensively used by warplanes, especially by long-range

in the 1920s, there was no radio system used by such important flights as that of Charles Lindbergh from New York to Paris in 1927. Once he and the ""Spirit of St. Louis"" were off the ground, Lindbergh was truly alone and incommunicado. On the other hand, when the first airplane flight was made from California to Australia in 1928 on the ""Southern Cross"", one of its four crewmen was its radio operator who communicated with ground stations via radio telegraph. Beginning in the 1930s, both civilian and military pilots were required to be able to use Morse code, both

"World War I cryptography"
employing Indian code talkers in World War I, initially with members of the Cherokee and Choctaw tribes. World War I cryptography Codes and ciphers were used extensively in World War I. The decoding by British Naval intelligence of the Zimmermann telegram helped bring the United States into the war. Trench codes were used by field armies of most of the combatants (Americans, British, French, German) in World War I. The most commonly used codes were simple substitution codes. More important messages generally used mathematical encryption for extra security, though. The use of these codes required the distribution of codebooks to

"World War II cryptography"
efforts at the Bletchley Park research station during the war. Decryption of the Enigma Cipher allowed the Allies to read important parts of German radio traffic on important networks and was an invaluable source of military intelligence throughout the war. Intelligence from this source (and other high level sources, including the Fish ciphers) was eventually called Ultra. A similar break into the most secure Japanese diplomatic cipher, designated Purple by the US Army Signals Intelligence Service, started before the US entered the war. Product from this source was called Magic. World War II cryptography Cryptography was used extensively during World

"German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II"
division artillery regiment concentrated its fire on these points. The allies usually reacted immediately with messages such as: The stupendous fire delivered by the Allied naval artillery in conjunction with the artillery of the divisions and corps in the beachhead, whose supply of ammunition seemed inexhaustible, as well as the effect of carpet bombing, created a ""radio psychosis"" among the German troops. They believed that every tap on the key or a field radio was being pinpointed by small army direction finders and that this was the reason for the allied fire. Consequently, German radio activity was discontinued. It took

then possible to decrypt rapidly all British radio communications using these codes, German countermeasures at sea and in the air were especially successful for the next two weeks. Then this traffic ceased entirely. The British had become suspicious and did not resume radio operations until six weeks later, after couriers had been able to deliver new codes throughout this far-flung theatre of operations. The results obtained by communication intelligence provided Field Marsh Erwin Rommel with accurate information. His talent for gaining unexpected success in armoured warfare, where radio communication played a pivotal role, had already brought him a number of

World War II cryptography Cryptography was used extensively during World War II, with a plethora of code and cipher systems fielded by the nations involved. In addition, the theoretical and practical aspects of ""cryptanalysis"", or ""codebreaking"", was much advanced. Probably the most important codebreaking event of the war was the successful decryption by the Allies of the German ""Enigma"" Cipher. The first complete break into Enigma was accomplished by Poland around 1932; the techniques and insights used were passed to the French and British Allies just before the outbreak of the war in 1939. They were substantially improved by British

"Japanese army and diplomatic codes"
IBM tabulators by group and time period. Richard was assisted at Central Bureau by Major Harry Clark and by the head Abe Sinkov, and broke 2468 on 6 April 1943; for which he was awarded the Legion of Merit. Wilfrid Noyce at the Wireless Experimental Centre had realised that the first letter of the third group of each message was not random, and that other groups were paired in ""doublets"". Initially Arlington Hall could not find the non-randomness until Richard told them it changed about every four weeks. So with the tip Arlington Hall broke the code, as did the

"Slasher (TV series)"
killer — are featured, explored, and eliminated from consideration, one by one (either through death or the natural deductive process), until the ""all too human"" killer and his/her motivations are revealed. ""Slasher""s 8-episode first season centers around Sarah Bennett who, with husband Dylan, moves back to the town of her birth, Waterbury (a fictional town in Canada), and into her parents' former home. It was in that house on Halloween Night 1988 where both of her parents, Bryan and Rachel, were murdered. Rachel was pregnant with Sarah at the time of her murder, with police discovering the killer holding Rachel's

one day but return later to film earlier scenes as necessary. As an example of this, Martin cited Mark Ghanimé's first day on set, when his character, Justin Faysal, was laid out in a casket for a scene early in ""Slasher""s third episode (Justin's death, which took place in Episode 2, would be filmed later on). On May 1, 2017, ""Slasher"" began filming a second season in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada. Shaftesbury Films confirmed that the series will not be returning to Super Channel or Chiller for a second season. However, Netflix acquired the rights to the second season. The second

"Slasher film"
million against a $7 million budget. Influenced by the French New Wave's ""Eyes Without a Face"" (1960), science fiction thriller ""Westworld"" (1973) and ""Black Christmas"" (1974), ""Halloween"" was directed, composed and co-written by Carpenter, who co-write with his then-girlfriend and producing partner Debra Hill on a budget of $300,000 provided by Syrian-American producer Moustapha Akkad. To minimize costs, locations were reduced and time took place over a brief period. Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Janet Leigh, was cast as the heroine Laurie Strode while veteran actor Donald Pleasance was cast as Dr. Sam Loomis, an homage to John Gavin's character

would discover and option it to prospective broadcasters. The script would land at Canadian premium network Super Channel, who, their interest piqued in part by ""Slasher""s fixed-end format, would order it as a series. The now-defunct American network Chiller, which specializes in the horror/thriller genre, would join in production sometime after Super Channel; ""Slasher"" would be Chiller's first (and only) foray into original scripted series content. Production on ""Slasher""s 8-episode first season was announced on July 28, 2015, with filming taking place between then and October 2015. Three Northern Ontario municipalities — the cities of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie

"Black Death (film)"
Rupert Friend and Lena Headey were attached to star. Famke Janssen was later considered for Headey's role. After he was attached to direct ""Black Death"", Smith suggested Carice van Houten, Tim McInnerny, and John Lynch for their respective roles. The film was shot in the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt at Blankenburg Castle in the city of Blankenburg and in Querfurt and Zehdenick, Brandenburg in the first half of 2009. Van Houten's first day on set was 14 May 2009. Technical elements included production design by John Frankish, a spartan score by composer Christian Henson, and cinematography by Sebastian Edschmid.

"Fever Night aka Band of Satanic Outsiders"
so Schrader focused on film history, theory, and analysis. As the writer/director team was leaving college they decided that it was either make a film or ""settle"" for a mundane job within the film industry. On the afternoon of their graduation from college, they traveled to San Diego to begin pre-production on creating a 1970s style acid movie about Satanists. The film was shot on locations in Escondido, Lakehead, Los Angeles, Ramona, and Santa Barbara, California. The film was created on a low budget over a two-year period, and had its world premiere on July 24, 2009 in Los Angeles.

"Slaughter Studios"
up with this idea instead. Producer Damien Akhavi helped them write the story. Footage from the original ""Slumber Party Massacre"" can still be seen during a murder sequence as an in-joke for the production crew. Though principal photography took place in February 2001, the final sequences were not filmed until July 2002. The long break was necessitated by the fact that the scenes were to be shot in Malibu, but the rainfall was unusually heavy, so the completion of the film was postponed. Director Katkin shot another film during the break in this movie's production. The film begins with an

"Scream 2"
film was filmed over three days in the Vista theater on Sunset Drive, Hollywood, the exterior represented by the Rialto theater in South Pasadena, California. Due to the large number of extras present in the scene, full details of what occurred were leaked onto the Internet shortly after filming completed which Craven cited as the production's first experience of a major plot leak. The sorority homes used by the character Cici Cooper and a nearby party were also filmed in Pasadena, east of Los Angeles. The fictional ""Stab"" film itself was filmed in Malibu, California. Agnes Scott College, just outside

and the town of Parry Sound — would stand in for the show's fictitious location, the town of Waterbury. A first trailer for the series would be released on November 26, 2015. Unlike most TV series that film their episodes in order, ""Slasher"", under the direction of Craig David Wallace, was shot as if it were a ""super-sized"" movie: Scenes from multiple episodes were shot at the same time, with the availability of locations and cast being factored in. The out-of-order schedule allowed the actors to know of their characters' fates, especially those who had to film their death scenes

winning seasons, still missed the playoffs. Following the season, several prominent players publicly voiced their discontent with Ralston, which soon led to his resignation. Red Miller, a long-time assistant coach was hired and along with the Orange Crush Defense (a nickname originated in 1977, also the brand of the popular orange-flavored soft drink) and aging quarterback Craig Morton, took the Broncos to what was then a record-setting 12–2 regular season record and their first playoff appearance in 1977, and ultimately first Super Bowl, in which they were defeated by the Dallas Cowboys (Morton's former team), 27–10. In 1981, Broncos' owner

to that, they played at Mile High Stadium from 1960 to 2000. The Broncos were barely competitive during their 10-year run in the AFL and their first seven years in the NFL. They did not complete a winning season until 1973. In 1977, four years later, they qualified for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history and advanced to Super Bowl XII. Since 1975, the Broncos have become one of the NFL's most successful teams, having suffered only seven losing seasons. They have won eight AFC Championships (, , , , , , , ), and three Super

Denver Broncos The Denver Broncos are a professional American football franchise based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC) West division. They began play in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) and joined the NFL as part of the merger in 1970. The Broncos are owned by the Pat Bowlen trust and currently play home games at Broncos Stadium at Mile High (formerly known as Invesco Field at Mile High from 2001–2010 and Sports Authority Field at Mile High from 2011–2017). Prior

uniform, which the team wore for a ""Thursday Night"" game at the San Diego Chargers on October 13, 2016. The uniform kit contained the following features: orange pants, which the team wore for the first time since 1979, orange socks and shoes, along with block-style numerals trimmed in navy blue that mirrored the team's 1968–1996 uniform style. Due to the NFL's one-helmet rule implemented in 2013, the helmets remained the same, with the team temporarily replacing the modern primary logo with the throwback ""D-horse"" logo. The same uniform was used for a Thursday Night game against the Indianapolis Colts during

as one of the eight original American Football League teams, the Broncos wore their 1960 throwback uniforms (brown helmets, mustard yellow and brown jerseys) for games against two fellow AFL rivals—a Week 5 home game vs. the New England Patriots, as well as the following week at the San Diego Chargers. Beginning in , the orange jerseys that served as the alternate colored jerseys from 2002 to 2011 became the primary home jersey, while the navy blue jerseys that served as the primary home jersey from 1997 to 2011 switched to alternate designation. The change was made due to overwhelming

Gerald Phipps, who had purchased the team in May 1961 from the original owner Bob Howsam, sold the team to Canadian financier Edgar Kaiser Jr., grandson of shipbuilding industrialist Henry J. Kaiser. In 1984, the team was purchased by Pat Bowlen, who placed team ownership into a family trust sometime before 2004 and remained in day-to-day control until his battle with Alzheimer's disease forced him to cede the team to Joe Ellis in 2014. Dan Reeves became the youngest head coach in the NFL when he joined the Broncos in 1981 as vice president and head coach. Quarterback John Elway,

"Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag"
one's ancestors memories, the ending of ""Assassin's Creed III"" reveals that Abstergo can now view a host's genetic memories simply by sequencing the host's DNA. As such, the player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment to investigate a pivotal character in Desmond's ancestry, the Assassin Edward Kenway. A notorious pirate and privateer operating during the Golden Age of Piracy, Kenway's story is set in the Caribbean, and mixes open-ended ship-based exploration with combat and land-based adventures in Cuba and Jamaica, and on a number of Caribbean islands, parts of southern Florida and eastern Mexico. Samples taken from Desmond Miles' body

allowed players to bypass tense and challenging scenarios too easily. In the present day, at the offices of Abstergo Entertainment—a subsidiary of Abstergo Industries—in Montreal, Quebec, players engage in modern-day pirating through the exploration of Abstergo's offices, eavesdropping and hacking, all without combat. As well, various ""hacking"" games, similar to previous cluster and glyph puzzles, are present, that uncover secrets about Abstergo. Multiplayer also returns, with new settings and game modes, though it is only land-based. The main character of the game is Edward Kenway (Matt Ryan), a Welsh privateer-turned-pirate and eventual member of the Assassin Order. Edward is the

the player to access the Animus' core, at which point Juno materializes into an incorporeal form. She reveals that although it was necessary to open her temple to avert disaster, the world was not ready for her, and she is unable to affect it or possess the player character as her agents intended. John is unmasked as the reincarnated form of the Sage and attempts to murder the player to cover up the failed attempt at resurrecting Juno, but is killed by Abstergo's security before he can do so, thus implicating him as the one responsible for the hacks. As

a frigate fire on an unarmed slave ship to prevent the slaves from joining the Maroons. Adéwalé boards the slave ship and manages to save a few slaves from drowning before the ship capsized with the rest. He plans retribution, but Bastienne cautions that taking revenge will weaken the Maroons' cause; if Adéwalé is to kill de Fayet, then he should do so acting as an agent of justice. After assaulting the Governor's Mansion, pursuing him through the city and fighting off a local garrison, Adéwalé finally corners and kills de Fayet, who claims that slaves are incapable of self-governance

seize control of Nassau and establish a pirate republic. However, poor governance, a lack of an economy and an outbreak of disease bring the pirate state perilously close to collapse, with the founders divided on the best way forward. Edward attempts to resolve the dispute, but is too late to stop the Templars from exploiting the situation for their own ends. Eventually, Edward and Roberts uncover the location of the Observatory and retrieve the artifact powering it, but Roberts betrays Edward at the last moment. After a brief stint in prison for the crimes of piracy, Edward escapes with the

the West Indies Sea, Adéwalé is shipwrecked off the coast of Haiti. Making his way into Port-au-Prince, he establishes that the Templars are working with Bastienne Josèphe, the proprietor of a local brothel and a sympathiser to the Maroons, a faction of freedom fighters made up of liberated slaves led by Augustin Dieufort. Despite his obligations to the Brotherhood of Assassins, Adéwalé becomes sympathetic to their cause, and joins with the Maroons in hijacking a vessel, ""Experto Crede"", in order to interrupt the slave trade. Whilst working for Bastienne, Adéwalé begins to uncover a conspiracy within the French provincial government

a meeting of Templars in Havana, where he meets Woodes Rogers as well as Cuban Governor, and Templar Grandmaster, Laureano Torres. His recklessness endangers the entire Assassins' Order, prompting him to pursue the Sage and the conspirators from the Yucatán Peninsula to Jamaica, eventually catching Roberts on the island of Príncipe off of the African coast. Meanwhile, a band of notorious pirates—including Edward ""Blackbeard"" Thatch, Benjamin Hornigold, Mary Read (under the alias ""James Kidd"") and Charles Vane, among others—dream of a pirate utopia where man is free to live beyond the reach of kings and rulers. With Edward's help, they

mother's surname in her memory) and Edward's young son Haytham attend a play in an English theatre. In the present day, the player is contacted by John, Abstergo Entertainment's information technology manager. John convinces the player that their employers know more than they are telling, and encourages them to investigate in more detail. He convinces the player to hack several Animus terminals and security cameras, and then has them deliver the information taken to Shaun Hastings and Rebecca Crane, who are working undercover to infiltrate Abstergo. When the facility is locked down after the hackings are discovered, John arranges for

a conspiracy between high-ranking Templars within the British and Spanish empires who, under the guise of cleaning up piracy in the Caribbean, have used their positions to locate the Sage—later identified as Bartholomew Roberts—who is the only man that can lead them to the Observatory, a First Civilization device which can monitor anyone anywhere in the world when provided a blood sample, which they intend to use to spy on and blackmail world leaders. Edward becomes an unwitting player in their plot when he kills a rogue Assassin, Duncan Walpole. Seeing an opportunity for profit, Edward takes Walpole's place at

in the moments after his death have allowed Abstergo Industries to continue exploring his genetic memories using the Animus' newfound cloud computing abilities. The unnamed player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment, from their Montréal headquarters, to sift through the memories of Edward Kenway, an eighteenth-century pirate, the father of Haytham Kenway and the grandfather of . Ostensibly, this is to gather material for an Animus-powered interactive feature film. In reality, Abstergo—the Templars of the present time—are searching for a First Civilization structure known as the Observatory, and are using Edward's memories to find it. As Edward, the player unravels

"From Plotzk to Boston"
her father. Traveling westward through Russia by train, the family passes through multiple villages and cities that Antin notes for their vibrancy and technologically modern environments compared to the isolated hometown life that she knows. At the same time, she reflects upon the conflicted emotional state of her family, who experience mixed feelings of uneasiness, sadness, and affection for the home and the people that they are leaving. Antin describes how upon arriving at the German border, the family confronts bureaucratic obstacles that prevent them from moving onward and experience prejudice from German authorities in light of a recent cholera

"The Story of India"
place, examining archaeological and historical evidence at first hand and interviewing historians and archaeologists, as well as talking with local people. Michael Wood travels throughout the Indian subcontinent, tracing the richness and diversity of its buildings, artefacts and landscapes. Through ancient manuscripts and oral tales, Wood charts the first human migrations out of Africa. He travels from the tropical backwaters of South India through lost ancient cities of the Indus Valley Civilization in today's Pakistan to the vibrant landscapes of the Ganges plain. Archaeological discoveries in the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex in Turkmenistan by Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi, including horse-drawn carts

"A Tale of Two Cities"
modern readers), Carton disreputable but magnetic. One can only suspect whose psychological persona it is that Carton and Darnay together embody (if they do), but it is often thought to be the psyche of Dickens himself. Dickens might have been quite aware that between them, Carton and Darnay shared his own initials, a frequent property of his characters. However, he denied it when asked. The novel takes place primarily in London and Paris in the latter half of the eighteenth century. It spans a time period of roughly thirty-six years, with the (chronologically) first events taking place in December 1757

"Geography of the Odyssey"
Geography of the Odyssey Events in the main sequence of the ""Odyssey"" (excluding the narrative of Odysseus's adventures) take place in the Peloponnese and in what are now called the Ionian Islands (Ithaca and its neighbours). Incidental mentions of Troy and its house, Phoenicia, Egypt, and Crete hint at geographical knowledge equal to, or perhaps slightly more extensive than that of the ""Iliad"". However, scholars both ancient and modern are divided as to whether or not any of the places visited by Odysseus (after Ismaros and before his return to Ithaca) were real. The geographer Strabo and many others came

"Journey to the West"
out to bring back Buddhist scriptures from Leiyin Temple on Vulture Peak in India, but encounters various evils along the way. The section is set in the sparsely populated lands along the Silk Road between China and India, including Xinjiang, Turkestan, and Afghanistan. The geography described in the book is, however, almost entirely fantasy; once Tang Sanzang departs Chang'an, the Tang capital, and crosses the frontier (somewhere in Gansu province), he finds himself in a wilderness of deep gorges and tall mountains, inhabited by demons and animal spirits, who regard him as a potential meal (since his flesh was believed

"Derek Walcott"
scenes from Brookline, Massachusetts (where Walcott was living and teaching at the time of the poem's composition), and the character Achille imagines a voyage from Africa onto a slave ship that is headed for the Americas; also, in Book Five of the poem, Walcott narrates some of his travel experiences in a variety of cities around the world, including Lisbon, London, Dublin, Rome, and Toronto. Composed in a variation on ""terza rima"", the work explores the themes that run throughout Walcott's oeuvre: the beauty of the islands, the colonial burden, the fragmentation of Caribbean identity, and the role of the

"The Manuscript Found in Saragossa"
of them set in whole or in part in Spain, with a large and colorful cast of Romani, thieves, inquisitors, a cabbalist, a geometer, the cabbalist's beautiful sister, two Moorish princesses (Emina and Zubeida) and others that the brave, perhaps foolhardy, Walloon Guard Alphonse van Worden meets, imagines or reads about in the Sierra Morena mountains of 18th-century Spain while en route to Madrid. Recounted to the narrator over the course of sixty-six days, the novel's stories quickly overshadow van Worden's frame story. The bulk of the stories revolve around the Gypsy chief Avadoro, whose story becomes a frame story

"The Expanse (novel series)"
a future in which humanity has colonized much of the Solar System, but does not have interstellar travel. In the asteroid belt and beyond, tensions are rising between Earth's United Nations, Mars, and the outer planets. The series initially takes place in the solar system, using many real world locations such as Ceres and Eros in the asteroid belt, several moons of Jupiter, with Ganymede and Europa the most developed, and small science bases as far out as Phoebe around Saturn and Titania around Uranus, as well as well-established domed settlements on Mars and the Moon. As the series progresses,

"Tokai Sanshi"
political novels were directed primarily at male intellectuals and students. The plot of Kajin no Kigū follows the journeys of Tokai Sanshi through several lands of the world, including America, Egypt, Japan, China and others. The story begins in Philadelphia, where the protagonist, while gazing upon the Liberty Bell and Declaration of Independence, runs into two beautiful women, one from Ireland and the other from Spain, whose names Kōren and Yūran, though decidedly Chinese, can be interpreted as Colleen and Yolanda. After reflecting yet more on the patriotic struggles of the American people during the Revolutionary War and hearing the

points along the coast of Italy or Sicily. It was only later that such stories became located there, as if mythical heroes had been driven westward or fled from Asia while leaving the sack of Troy."" The heroic legends, including an Odyssean geography, served to attach newly founded western communities ""to a prestigious ancestry in the Greeks' mythical past."" Fox notes that even Circe found a home on ""Monte Circeo"" between Rome and Cumae: ""but this association began at the earliest in the later sixth century BC. The Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud (""c."" 530-510) was credited with the settlement

"Google Maps pin"
Google Maps pin The Google Maps pin is the inverted-drop-shaped icon that marks locations in Google Maps. The pin is protected under a U.S. design patent as ""teardrop-shaped marker icon including a shadow"". Google has used the pin in various graphics, games, and promotional materials. The pin, sometimes referred to as ""the marker"", has been widely co-opted by other companies, organizations, and individuals for their own marketing efforts, artwork, and activism. In both digital and physical representations, the pin is often used to symbolize mapping software and the technology industry as a whole. The Google Maps pin has been called

to accurately mark a point on a map without obscuring the location. The main body of the pin is circular at the top, but tapers into a point at the bottom, forming an inverted teardrop shape. A drop shadow extends from the point at the bottom, giving the pin a three-dimensional look. In the original version of Google Maps, the pin was displayed with the letters ""A"" through ""J"" when there was more than one search results. In later versions, the pin was shown with a black dot inside to mark a single location. In 2011, Google released a minor

New York City. Businesses and consumers were asked to pin their locations on the Pink Pin website, share personal stories related to breast cancer awareness, and donate to the cause. In 2014, Google launched ""Smarty Pins"", a browser-based geographical trivia game that features the Google Maps pin. Players receive clues about locations around the world, which they then identify by placing the Google Maps pin on a map. Players start the game with 1,000 points, and lose points equivalent to the number of miles they place their pins from the correct location. Bonus points can be gained by answering the

Pilcrow
service booklet for the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. This is analogous to the writing of these instructions in red in some rubrication conventions. Online, it is used in some blogs and wikis to denote permalinks (). The pilcrow is used in desktop publishing software such as desktop word processors and page layout programs to mark the presence of a carriage return control character at the end of a paragraph. It is also used as the icon on a toolbar button that shows or hides the pilcrow and similar ""hidden characters"", including tabs, whitespace, and page breaks. In typing

""evicted"" to protest the recent surge in tech-driven evictions in San Francisco. The Google Maps pin has evolved beyond its original intended use to become quasi-iconic in popular culture. Rob Walker cites the pin as an example of dedigitization, ""something from the digital world crossing over to the physical"". The pin has been used in various mediums not just to pinpoint locations, but to represent abstracts like mapping technology or even the technology industry as a whole. Berlin-based conceptual artist Aram Bartholl is known for creating works that examine the relationship between the digital and physical world, using popular imagery

Apostrophe
a prime rather than an apostrophe is needed; for example, incorrectly rendering the latitude 49° 53′ 08″ as 49° 53’ 08"". In Microsoft Word it is possible to turn smart quotes off (in some versions, by navigating through ""Tools"", ""AutoCorrect"", ""AutoFormat as you type"", and then unchecking the appropriate option). Alternatively, typing Control-Z (for ""Undo"") immediately after entering the apostrophe will convert it back to a typewriter apostrophe. In Microsoft Word for Windows, holding down the Control key while typing two apostrophes will produce a single typographic apostrophe. Some programming languages, like Pascal, use the ASCII apostrophe to delimit string

ending in a vowel or ""y"" for example, ""baby's"" (English ""babies"") and ""radio's"" (English ""radios""). This often produces so-called ""Dunglish"" errors when carried over into English. Hyperforeignism has been formalised in some pseudo-anglicisms. For example, the French word (from English ""pin"") is used (with the apostrophe in both singular and plural) for collectible lapel pins. Similarly, there is an Andorran football club called FC Rànger's (after such British clubs as Rangers F.C.) and a Japanese dance group called Super Monkey's. In the UK there is a tendency to drop apostrophes in many commonly used names such as St Annes, St

"Exclamation mark"
exclamation mark as a separator character between hostnames for routing information, usually referred to as ""bang path"" notation. In the IRC protocol, a user's nickname and ident are separated by an exclamation mark in the hostmask assigned to him or her by the server. In the Geek Code version 3, ""!"" is used before a letter to denote that the geek refuses to participate in the topic at hand. In some cases, it has an alternate meaning, such as ""G!"" denoting a geek of no qualifications, ""!d"" denoting not wearing any clothes, ""P!"" denoting not being allowed to use Perl,

"Botts' dots"
recently, Botts' dots have been used in the snow-free areas of Alabama, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, Georgia, Washington, and Texas. Some states that do experience snow, particularly Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, use Botts' dots only during the summer months for temporary lane markings in construction zones. Typically, the dots are installed when construction starts in the spring, and they are removed when work stops for the winter. In New Mexico, where snow is common in most locations during the winter, Botts' dots are used along with Stimsonite markers to outline gore areas at interchanges, but the state does not use

"Substitute character"
Substitute character A substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be invalid or erroneous, or that cannot be represented on a given device. It is also used as an escape sequence in some programming languages. In the ASCII character set, this character is encoded by the number 26 (1A hex). Standard keyboards transmit this code when the and keys are pressed simultaneously (Ctrl+Z, by convention often described as ^Z). Unicode encodes this character, but recommends that the replacement character (�, U+FFFD) be used instead to represent un-decodable

"Charles Foster Kane"
Thatcher. Kane has enough wealth to build Chicago's opera house, as well as his unfinished mansion, Xanadu. The mansion contains Kane's vast collection of classical sculptures and art, and the newsreel claims that portions of Xanadu were taken from other famous palaces overseas. Charles Foster Kane Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character and the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film ""Citizen Kane"". The character is widely believed to be based on publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst. Welles played Kane (receiving an Oscar nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote and directed the film.

"Citizen Kane"
its 2007 update. ""Citizen Kane"" is particularly praised for its cinematography, music, editing and narrative structure, which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting. The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnates William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, and aspects of the screenwriters' own lives. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers. Kane's career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service, but gradually evolves into a ruthless

who runs her own nightclub, but she refuses to talk to him. Thompson goes to the private archive of the late banker Walter Parks Thatcher. Through Thatcher's written memoirs, Thompson learns that Kane's childhood began in poverty in Colorado. In 1871, after a gold mine is discovered on her property, Kane's mother Mary Kane sends Charles away to live with Thatcher so that he would be properly educated. It is also implied that Kane's father could be violent towards his son and that is another reason she wants to send him away. While Thatcher and Charles' parents discuss arrangements inside,

never confirmed a principal source for the character of Charles Foster Kane. Houseman wrote that Kane is a synthesis of different personalities, with Hearst's life used as the main source. Some events and details were invented, and Houseman wrote that he and Mankiewicz also ""grafted anecdotes from other giants of journalism, including Pulitzer, Northcliffe and Mank's first boss, Herbert Bayard Swope."" Welles said, ""Mr. Hearst was quite a bit like Kane, although Kane isn't really founded on Hearst in particular. Many people sat for it, so to speak"". He specifically acknowledged that aspects of Kane were drawn from the lives

Houseman and dismissed by Brady. The ""News on the March"" sequence that begins the film satirizes the journalistic style of ""The March of Time"", the news documentary and dramatization series presented in movie theaters by Time Inc. From 1935 to 1938 Welles was a member of the uncredited company of actors that presented the original radio version. Houseman claimed that banker Walter P. Thatcher was loosely based on J. P. Morgan. Bernstein was named for Dr. Maurice Bernstein, appointed Welles's guardian; Sloane's portrayal was said to be based on Bernard Herrmann. Herbert Carter, editor of ""The Inquirer"", was named for

François Truffaut said that the film ""has inspired more vocations to cinema throughout the world than any other"" and recognized its influence in ""The Barefoot Contessa"", ""Les Mauvaises Rencontres"", ""Lola Montès"", and ""8 1/2"". Truffaut's ""Day for Night"" pays tribute to the film in a dream sequence depicting a childhood memory of the character played by Truffaut stealing publicity photos from the film. Numerous film directors have cited the film as influential on their own films, including Theo Angelopoulos, Luc Besson, the Coen brothers, Francis Ford Coppola, Brian De Palma, John Frankenheimer, Stephen Frears, Sergio Leone, Michael Mann, Ridley Scott,

building of the Chicago Opera House, and McCormick's lavish promotion of the opera career of his second wife, Ganna Walska, as direct influences on the screenplay. The character of political boss Jim W. Gettys is based on Charles F. Murphy, a leader in New York City's infamous Tammany Hall political machine. Welles credited ""Rosebud"" to Mankiewicz. Biographer Richard Meryman wrote that the symbol of Mankiewicz's own damaged childhood was a treasured bicycle, stolen while he visited the public library and not replaced by his family as punishment. He regarded it as the prototype of Charles Foster Kane's sled. In his

Charles Foster Kane Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character and the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film ""Citizen Kane"". The character is widely believed to be based on publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst. Welles played Kane (receiving an Oscar nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote and directed the film. The general consensus is that William Randolph Hearst is the primary inspiration behind Charles Foster Kane. In the film, Kane is given the line ""You provide the prose poems; I'll provide the war,"" undeniably similar to ""You furnish the pictures, and I'll furnish

After the stock market crash in 1929, Kane is forced to sell controlling interest of his newspaper empire to Thatcher. Back in the present, Thompson interviews Kane's personal business manager, Mr. Bernstein. Bernstein recalls how Kane hired the best journalists available to build the ""Inquirer""s circulation. Kane rose to power by successfully manipulating public opinion regarding the Spanish–American War and marrying Emily Norton, the niece of a President of the United States. Thompson interviews Kane's estranged best friend, Jedediah Leland, in a retirement home. Leland recalls how Kane's marriage to Emily disintegrates more and more over the years, and he

"Sources for Citizen Kane"
for Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Orson Welles never confirmed a principal source for the character of Charles Foster Kane. John Houseman, who worked with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz on the early draft scripts, wrote that Kane is a synthesis of different personalities, with Hearst's life used as the main source. ""The truth is simple: for the basic concept of Charles Foster Kane and for the main lines and significant events of his public life, Mankiewicz used as his model the figure of William Randolph Hearst. To this were added incidents and details invented or derived from other sources."" Houseman

who was the ottoman governor who led egypt in the years following the napoleonic wars

"Muhammad Ali of Egypt"
100 transports, and 63 escort vessels under command of his son, Ibrahim Pasha. Britain, France, and Russia intervened to protect the Greeks. On 20 October 1827 at the Battle of Navarino, while under the command of Muharram Bey, the Ottoman representative, the entire Egyptian navy was sunk by the European Allied fleet, under the command of Admiral Edward Codrington. If the Porte was not in the least prepared for this confrontation, Muhammad Ali was even less prepared for the loss of his highly competent, expensively assembled and maintained navy. With its fleet essentially destroyed, Egypt had no way to support

Muhammad Ali of Egypt Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (; / ALA-LC: ""Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā""; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. He also ruled Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty that he established

"Isma'il Pasha"
Isma'il Pasha Isma'il Pasha ( ""Ismā‘īl Bāshā"", Turkish: ""İsmail Paşa""), known as Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanisation, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa. His philosophy can be glimpsed at in a statement that he made in 1879: ""My country is no longer in Africa;

successor to the decaying Ottoman Empire. He summed up his vision for Egypt as follows: Sultan Selim III (reigned 1789–1807) had recognized the need to reform and modernize the Ottoman Empire, specifically the military, along European lines to ensure that his state could compete. Selim III, however, faced stiff local opposition from an entrenched clergy and military apparatus, especially from the Janissaries, the Ottoman infantry formed from the devshirme system. Consequently, Selim III was deposed and ultimately killed in 1808. Muhammad Ali, too, recognized the need to modernize, and unlike Selim, he had dispatched his chief rivals, giving him a

"History of Egypt"
was followed by four years of anarchy in which Ottomans, Mamluks, and Albanians — who were nominally in the service of the Ottomans – wrestled for power. Out of this chaos, the commander of the Albanian regiment, Muhammad Ali (Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha) emerged as a dominant figure and in 1805 was acknowledged by the Sultan in Istanbul as his viceroy in Egypt; the title implied subordination to the Sultan but this was in fact a polite fiction: Ottoman power in Egypt was finished and Muhammad Ali, an ambitious and able leader, established a dynasty that was to rule Egypt

promoted an alternative narrative which portrayed Muhammad Ali as the nationalist founder of modern Egypt but also an ambitious monarch with little regard for his people whose policies ultimately benefited himself and his dynasty at the expense of Egypt. Muhammad Ali of Egypt Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (; / ALA-LC: ""Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā""; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval. Though not

Sultan Abdülhamid II to retire to his Palace of Emirgan on the Bosporus in Constantinople. There he remained, more or less a state prisoner, until his death. According to TIME magazine, he died while trying to guzzle two bottles of champagne in one draft. He was later buried in Cairo. Isma'il Pasha Isma'il Pasha ( ""Ismā‘īl Bāshā"", Turkish: ""İsmail Paşa""), known as Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather,

"Abbas II of Egypt"
Abbas II of Egypt Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ""‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha"", ) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after Turkey joined the Central Powers in World War I, the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British, then ruling Egypt, in favor of his more pro-British uncle, Hussein Kamel, marking the ""de jure"" end of Egypt's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun in 1517. Abbas II (full name: Abbas Hilmy),

they had six children - two sons and four daughters: His second marriage in Çubuklu, Turkey on 1 March 1910 was to Hungarian noblewoman Marianna Török de Szendrö, who took the name Zübeyde Cavidan Hanım (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., 8 January 1874after 1951). They divorced in 1913 without issue. Abbas II of Egypt Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ""‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha"", ) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after Turkey joined the Central Powers in World War

"Sultan of Egypt"
Suez Canal in 1869 to declare himself Sultan of Egypt. He was persuaded otherwise by pressure from the Great Powers, who feared the consequences of further disintegration of Ottoman power. Ultimately, Ismail's reign ended in failure, due to the massive debt his ambitious projects had incurred. European and Ottoman pressure forced his removal in 1879 and replacement by his far more pliant son Tewfik. The subsequent Orabi Revolt resulted in Great Britain invading Egypt in 1882 on the invitation of Khedive Tewfik, and beginning its decades long occupation of the country. From 1882 onwards, Egypt's status became deeply convoluted: officially

"Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram"
Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram (also known as Thiruvananthapuram Medical College) is in Thiruvananthapuram (the capital of Kerala), India. Founded in 1951, it was dedicated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and is Kerala's oldest medical college. The college was known in early records as Medical College (of Thiruvananthapuram), since it was the only medical institute in the state at its inception. Its campus houses several hospitals and institutions in addition to Medical College Hospital (MCH), including the Colleges of Nursing and Pharmaceutical sciences, the Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram Dental College, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical

the annual Interbatch Euphoria, students from different classes compete in the fields of arts, cultural activities, quizzes and sports. The medical, dental, optometry and nursing colleges organize separate graduation ceremonies. There are no separate graduation ceremonies after postgraduate courses. Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram (also known as Thiruvananthapuram Medical College) is in Thiruvananthapuram (the capital of Kerala), India. Founded in 1951, it was dedicated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and is Kerala's oldest medical college. The college was known in early records as Medical College (of Thiruvananthapuram), since it was the only medical institute in the

"Madras Medical College"
Madras Medical College The Madras Medical College is an educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established on 2 February 1835. It is the third oldest medical college in India, established after Ecole de Médicine de Pondichéry and Medical College Kolkata and is one of the foremost centres of post-graduate medical education in the country with 425 seats. At any point of time, more than 2500 medical and paramedical students study there. The Government General Hospital was established on 16 November 1664 to treat soldiers of the British East India Company. Mary Scharlieb graduated from Madras Medical

"University of Kerala"
Kerala was founded as the University of Travancore in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore (now southern part of Kerala and some neighboring parts of state of Tamil Nadu) in 1937. During the 7 decades since the University of Kerala grew and shrunk physically and transformed itself in many ways. The earliest origins of the University may be traced back to two institutions of modern learning in Kerala, the University College, Thiruvananthapuram and the Trivandrum Observatory. The University College was initially founded as the Maharaja's Free School by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal in 1834, with Mr John Roberts. A Christian Missionary

"Government Medical College, Kottayam"
Government Medical College, Kottayam Government Medical College, Kottayam is a prominent government medical colleges in Kerala, India. The campus is about north of Kottayam in Gandhinagar-Arpookkara area in Central Kerala. The college started functioning in December 1962 as the third government-run medical college in Kerala. The college which initially functioned in the District Hospital, Kottayam from 1962 to 1970 was shifted to Arpookara in April 1970. In 1975, all clinical departments were shifted to the newly constructed campus at Arpookara, now named Gandhinagar. The same year, the nearby ESI Hospital was taken over to start the children's hospital: Institute of

and hockey, a cricket pitch, courts for tennis, basketball, badminton and volleyball, and a 400-meter track. The foundation stone was laid by Raja Pramukh of Travancore–Cochin at 11:45 am on 26 January 1950, and the first group of students was admitted in August 1951. The college was dedicated by Jawaharlal Nehru at 8:00 am on 27 November 1951. In January 1952, the Sri. Avittom Thirunal Hospital (SATH) was dedicated by Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. A men's hostel opened in 1952, followed by a women's Hostel one year later. The Medical College Hospital was dedicated by Prime Minister Nehru in 1954. The

"Government Medical College, Kozhikode"
Government Medical College, Kozhikode Government Medical College, Kozhikode (Previously known as Calicut Medical College) is a premier medical college located in the city of Kozhikode in Kerala, India. It was established in 1957 as the second medical college in Kerala. Since then the institution has grown into a premier centre of medical education in the state. The medical college campus houses several institutions like Government Dental College, Government nursing college, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Super-specialty block and Institute of Chest Diseases. It is affiliated to the University of Calicut and Kerala University of Health Sciences

"Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore"
non-residential, co-educational school, located at Kalinjur in Vellore. It has classes from Lower Kindergarten to Higher Secondary, and is affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), New Delhi. https://westportmag.com/features/lead-the-way/ Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore (CMC Vellore) is a private, minority-run educational and research institute that includes a network of primary, secondary and tertiary care hospitals in and around Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1900 by an American missionary, Dr Ida S. Scudder, CMC Vellore has brought many significant achievements to India, including starting the first College of Nursing

"Father Muller Medical College"
Father Muller Medical College Father Muller Medical College, () located about a kilometre from the National Highway-17 (the Mumbai-Mangalore highway) at Kankanady in Mangalore, is a religious minority educational institution forming a part of the Father Muller Charitable Institutions (FMCI). It is famous for being one of the oldest hospitals in Mangalore. Fr. Muller's Hospital, a well-known household name, opened its doors to the people of South Canara in 1880. It started when Fr. Augustus Muller S.J, a German Jesuit priest dispensed homeopathic medicines under a Banyan tree. It went on to become a Leprosy hospital (now known as the

"Kansas City Chiefs"
Crennel and general manager Scott Pioli. Former Philadelphia Eagles head coach Andy Reid was brought in as head coach to work with new general manager John Dorsey, a former Green Bay Packers head scout. The Chiefs acquired quarterback Alex Smith from the San Francisco 49ers for the Chiefs' second-round pick, 34th overall, in the 2013 draft and a conditional pick in 2014 draft. Matt Cassel was released shortly after. The Chiefs selected Eric Fisher with the first overall pick of the 2013 NFL Draft. The Chiefs started 9–0 for the second time in team history. They would lead their wildcard

33–27 comeback win against the San Diego Chargers ending with a two-yard touchdown run by Alex Smith in overtime to give the Chiefs their largest regular season comeback to start the season at 1–0. On Christmas Day, the Chiefs defeated the Denver Broncos 33–10 to give Kansas City their tenth straight win against divisional opponents. On January 1, 2017, the Chiefs clinched the AFC West and the second seed going into the playoffs that year. They clinched the 2nd seed in the AFC but fell to the Pittsburgh Steelers 18-16 as Chris Boswell hit 6 field goals. The Chiefs finished

to the Baltimore Ravens 30–7. Six players were chosen for the Pro Bowl: Dwayne Bowe, Jamaal Charles, Brian Waters, Tamba Hali, Matt Cassel, and rookie safety Eric Berry. Jamaal Charles won the FEDEX ground player of the year award and Dwayne Bowe led the NFL in Touchdown Receptions. For their first pick in the 2011 NFL draft, and 26th overall, the team selected Jonathan Baldwin, Wide Receiver from Pitt. After a poor start, Haley was relieved of duties as Head Coach on December 12. Clark Hunt made note of ""bright spots at different points this season"", but felt that overall

Houston, Texas on January 9, 2016. The Chiefs defeated the Houston Texans 30–0 to earn their first NFL playoff win in 23 seasons, dating back to the 1993–94 NFL playoffs, a win that also came in Houston. The Chiefs' Wild-Card playoff victory ended what was at the time the third-longest drought in the NFL, and it also ended a then NFL record eight-game playoff losing streak. Riddled with injuries, they were defeated by the New England Patriots 27–20 in the AFC Divisional Round. After facing a 24–3 deficit with six minutes left in the 3rd quarter, the Chiefs engineered a

"1969 Kansas City Chiefs season"
1969 Kansas City Chiefs season The 1969 Kansas City Chiefs season was the team's 10th, their 7th in Kansas City, and also their final season in the American Football League. It resulted in an 11–3 record and a 23–7 victory in Super Bowl IV over the NFL's heavily favored Minnesota Vikings. The team beat their rivals, the Oakland Raiders in the final AFL Championship Game, claiming their third AFL Championship in franchise history. The Chiefs were coached by Hank Stram, led by quarterback Len Dawson and a powerful defense led by Bobby Bell, Willie Lanier, Buck Buchanan, Emmitt Thomas, and

full-time coach in January 2012. Crennel was fired on Monday, December 31, 2012, after finishing the 2012 season with a 2–14 record. On January 5, 2013, the Chiefs hired Andy Reid to be their next head coach. In Reid's tenure, the Chiefs have been consistent contenders, making the playoffs in 5 of his 6 seasons as head coach, winning the division twice. The franchise was founded in 1959 by Lamar Hunt after a failed attempt by Hunt to purchase an NFL franchise and relocate them to Texas. Hunt remained the team's owner until his death in 2006. The Hunt family

the Chiefs lost to the Broncos 14–10. Denver went on to capture their fifth AFC Championship by defeating Pittsburgh, and then defeated the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XXXII. Coach Schottenheimer announced his resignation from the Chiefs following the 1998 season, and defensive coordinator Gunther Cunningham took over coaching duties for the next two seasons, compiling a 16–16 record. By the end of the Chiefs' decade of regular-season dominance, Gannon had signed with the Oakland Raiders, Neil Smith signed with the Denver Broncos, and Derrick Thomas was paralyzed from a car accident on January 23, 2000. Thomas died from

straight to improve their record from 1–5 to 11–5. The team clinched a playoff berth after a 17–13 win over Cleveland in Week 16 to become only the second NFL team to do so after the merger. The streak achieved by the Chiefs broke a franchise record for 9 straight (2003, 2013) and second 9 plus game win streak under Reid. After a Week 17 win over Oakland 23–17, the Chiefs achieved their longest winning streak in franchise history at ten games. They qualified for the playoffs, playing in the 2015 AFC Wild-Card playoff game, held at NRG Stadium in

Paige and Barry Word, a strong defense, anchored by Thomas, Smith, Albert Lewis and Deron Cherry, and on special teams, Nick Lowery, then the most accurate kicker in NFL History. The team recorded a 101–58–1 record, and clinched seven playoff berths. The Chiefs' 1993 season was the franchise's most successful in 22 years. With newly acquired quarterback Joe Montana and running back Marcus Allen, two former Super Bowl champions and MVPs, the Chiefs further strengthened their position in the NFL. The 11–5 Chiefs defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers and Houston Oilers on their way to the franchise's first and to date

"2016 Kansas City Chiefs season"
2016 Kansas City Chiefs season The 2016 Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise's 47th season in the National Football League, the 57th overall and the fourth under head coach Andy Reid and the fourth and final season under general manager John Dorsey who was fired June 22, 2017. The Chiefs clinched their first AFC West division title since 2010. The Chiefs also clinched a first-round bye for the first time since 2003, but lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round. On March 9, 2016, the NFL announced that the Chiefs had violated the league's anti-tampering policy, while

According to David Benioff, the series is ""about adapting the series as a whole and following the map George laid out for us and hitting the major milestones, but not necessarily each of the stops along the way"". The novels and their adaptations base aspects of their settings, characters, and plot on events in European history. Most of Westeros is reminiscent of high medieval Europe, from lands and cultures, to the palace intrigue, feudal system, castles, and knightly tournaments. A principal inspiration for the novels is the English Wars of the Roses (1455–85) between the houses of Lancaster and York,

Sydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances. ""Game of Thrones"" is roughly based on the storylines of ""A Song of Ice and Fire"", set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos. The series chronicles the violent dynastic struggles among the realm's noble families for the Iron Throne, while other families fight for independence from it. It opens with additional threats in the icy North and Essos in the east. Showrunner David Benioff jokingly suggested """"The Sopranos"" in Middle-earth"" as ""Game of Thrones"" tagline, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark tone

""A Song of Ice and Fire"" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos. The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to 31 characters by the fifth novel. Three main stories interweave: a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros, the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros, and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the deposed king's exiled daughter, to assume the Iron Throne. Martin's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and

Cities"", ""Slaver's Bay"", ""The Dothraki Sea"", ""King's Landing"", ""Braavos"", and ""Journeys"". The latter tracks the paths taken by the novels' characters. The story takes place primarily on a continent called Westeros, which is roughly the size of South America. The continent is home to the Seven Kingdoms and lands beyond the great Wall, which makes up a large chunk of Westeros, being roughly the size of Canada, with most of it largely unmapped and unexplored. At the novel's beginning, the majority of Westeros is united under the rule of a king, with each of nine regions controlled by a different

World of A Song of Ice and Fire The fictional world in which the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World. Most of the story takes place on the continent of Westeros and in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms. Those kingdoms are spread across nine regions: the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne. A massive wall of ice and old magic separates the Seven Kingdoms from

premiering in April 2019. Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, ""Game of Thrones"" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs. The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne. The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne. The third story arc centers on

erratic seasons of unpredictable duration that can last for many years. At the beginning of ""A Song of Ice and Fire"", Westeros has enjoyed a decade-long summer, with many fearing that an equally long and harsh winter will follow. George R. R. Martin set the ""Ice and Fire"" story in an alternative world of Earth, a ""secondary world"", such as J. R. R. Tolkien pioneered with Middle-Earth. Martin has also suggested that world may be larger than the real world planet Earth. The ""Ice and Fire"" narrative is set in a post-magic world where people no longer believe in supernatural

47 languages. The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of ""The New York Times"" Best Seller lists upon their releases. Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas, a TV series, a comic book adaptation, and several card, board, and video games. ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" takes place in a fictional world in which seasons last for years and end unpredictably. Nearly three centuries before the events of the first novel, the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros were united under the Targaryen dynasty by Aegon I and his sister wives Visenya and Rhaenys, establishing military supremacy through

in a fantasy setting of magic and dragons. In a 2012 study of deaths per episode, it ranked second out of 40 recent U.S. TV drama series (with an average of 14). The series is generally praised for what is perceived as a sort of medieval realism. George R.R. Martin set out to make the story feel more like historical fiction than contemporary fantasy, with less emphasis on magic and sorcery and more on battles, political intrigue, and the characters, believing that magic should be used moderately in the epic fantasy genre. Martin has stated that ""the true horrors of

"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire"
and Fire"" takes place in a fictional world, primarily on a continent called Westeros, and additionally on a large landmass to the east, known as Essos. Three main story lines become increasingly interwoven: a dynastic civil war for control of Westeros among several competing families; the rising threat of the Others, who dwell beyond the immense wall of ice that forms Westeros's northern border; and the ambitions of Daenerys Targaryen, exiled daughter of the deposed king, to return to Westeros and claim her throne. Martin has said he believes in ""judicious use of magic"" in epic fantasy. ""I wanted to

"President's Daily Brief"
President's Daily Brief The President's Daily Brief (PDB), sometimes referred to as the President's Daily Briefing or the President's Daily Bulletin, is a top-secret document produced and given each morning to the President of the United States, and is also distributed to a small number of top-level US officials who are approved by the President, and includes highly classified intelligence analysis, information about covert operations of the US Central Intelligence Agency and reports from the most sensitive US sources or those shared by allied intelligence agencies. The PDB is also provided to the President-elect of the United States, between election

learned. And the transition team said last week Trump would be increasing his PDB participation to three times a week."" In mid-December 2016, the CIA website said Obama had initiated electronic delivery of the written brief in 2014 and that he received it six days a week. President's Daily Brief The President's Daily Brief (PDB), sometimes referred to as the President's Daily Briefing or the President's Daily Bulletin, is a top-secret document produced and given each morning to the President of the United States, and is also distributed to a small number of top-level US officials who are approved by

day and inauguration. The PDB is produced by the Director of National Intelligence, and involves fusing intelligence from the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other members of the U.S. Intelligence Community. The PDB is intended to provide the President with new intelligence warranting attention and analysis of sensitive international situations. The prototype of the PDB was termed the President's Intelligence Check List (PICL); the first was produced by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer Richard Lehman at the direction of Huntington D. Sheldon on June 17, 1961 for John

F. Kennedy. Although the production and coordination of the PDB was a CIA responsibility, other members of the U.S. Intelligence Community reviewed articles (the ""coordination"" process) and were free to write and submit articles for inclusion. While the name of the PDB implies exclusivity, it has historically been briefed to other high officials. The distribution list has varied over time, but has always or almost always included the Secretaries of State and Defense and the National Security Advisor. Rarely, special editions of the PDB have actually been ""for the President's eyes only,"" with further dissemination of the information left to

"Public Papers of the Presidents"
Jimmy Carter, the ""Public Papers"" series expanded its coverage to include additional material as printed in the ""Weekly Compilation"", including detailed appendices of supplemental material: Digest of Other White House Announcements, Nominations Submitted to the Senate, Checklist of White House Press Releases, and Presidential Documents Published in the Federal Register. On January 20, 2009, the printed ""Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents"" was superseded by the online Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents. The ""Daily Compilation"" provides a listing of the President’s daily schedule and meetings, when announced, and other items of general interest issued by the Office of the Press Secretary.

sensitized classified document in the government."" On September 16, 2015, CIA Director John Brennan spoke at the LBJ Presidential Library, at the public release of a total of 2,500 daily briefs and intelligence checklists from the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson presidencies. The release was a reversal of the government's previous stance in legal briefs attempting to keep the PDB indefinitely classified. On August 24, 2016, CIA released a further 2,500 briefs from the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford presidencies at a symposium held at the Nixon Presidential Library. The PDB was scrutinized by news media during testimony

"James S. Brady Press Briefing Room"
James S. Brady Press Briefing Room The James S. Brady Press Briefing Room is a small theater in the West Wing of the White House where the White House Press Secretary gives briefings to the news media and the President of the United States sometimes addresses the press and the nation. It is located between the workspace assigned to the White House press corps and the office of the Press Secretary. The first presidential press conference was held on 15 March 1913 in the Oval Office, during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Subsequently, through to 1969, communications from the President

the President's discretion. Production of the PDB is associated with that of another publication, historically known as the National Intelligence Daily, that includes many of the same items but is distributed considerably more widely than the PDB. The PDB is an all-source intelligence product summarized from all collecting agencies. ""The Washington Post"" noted that a leaked document indicated that the PRISM SIGAD (US-984) run by the National Security Agency (NSA) is ""the number one source of raw intelligence used for NSA analytic reports."" The PDB cited PRISM data as a source in 1,477 items in the 2012 calendar year. Declassified

the date of the document itself, the date of public release is shown in the textnote. Remarks are checked against an audio recording (if available) or read aloud against official transcripts (if no audio source is available), and signed documents are checked against the original with exacting attention paid to preserving the integrity of the signed document. Textnotes and cross references are provided by the editors for purposes of identification or clarity, usually of notable people referred to by the President or others participating in an event. Speeches are assumed to have been delivered in Washington, DC, unless otherwise indicated

press staff. James S. Brady Press Briefing Room The James S. Brady Press Briefing Room is a small theater in the West Wing of the White House where the White House Press Secretary gives briefings to the news media and the President of the United States sometimes addresses the press and the nation. It is located between the workspace assigned to the White House press corps and the office of the Press Secretary. The first presidential press conference was held on 15 March 1913 in the Oval Office, during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Subsequently, through to 1969, communications from

"Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)"
lore and it was pretty cool but in the end there just wasn't enough on the page."" As of July 2018, Joss Whedon announced at San Diego Comic Con that he was working on a reboot of the series and that it might feature a slayer of color. Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film) Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American comedy horror film directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui and starring Kristy Swanson, Donald Sutherland, Paul Reubens, Rutger Hauer, Luke Perry, and Hilary Swank. It follows a Valley girl cheerleader named Buffy who learns that it is her fate to

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film) Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American comedy horror film directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui and starring Kristy Swanson, Donald Sutherland, Paul Reubens, Rutger Hauer, Luke Perry, and Hilary Swank. It follows a Valley girl cheerleader named Buffy who learns that it is her fate to hunt vampires. It was a moderate success at the box office but received mixed reception from critics. The film was taken in a different direction from the one its writer Joss Whedon intended, and five years later, he created the darker and acclaimed TV series of the same

"Spice Williams-Crosby"
Spice Williams-Crosby Spice Williams-Crosby (born Marceline Ann Williams, April 26, 1952) is an American actress and stunt performer, with a career in film and television which spans over twenty years. Williams-Crosby was born in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Her more notable roles include the Klingon officer Vixis in """", and the assassin Patrice in ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"" story ""What's My Line"". Originally involved in music and dance, she switched to acting, focusing on action roles which often featured stuntwork, making use of her martial arts and athletic skills. She has also worked as a stunt coordinator, choreographing fight

"Kristy Swanson"
Kristy Swanson Kristen Noel Swanson (born December 19, 1969) is an American actress, best known for her portrayal of Buffy Summers in the 1992 cult film ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"". Swanson began her career appearing in several teen films, including ""Pretty in Pink"" (1986) and ""Ferris Bueller's Day Off"" (1986). Her first starring role was in Wes Craven's horror film ""Deadly Friend"" (1986), followed by her portrayal of Catherine ""Cathy"" Dollanganger in the film adaptation of V.C. Andrews's ""Flowers in the Attic"" (1987). Was born and raised in Mission Viejo, California, the daughter of physical education teachers Robert and Rosemary

name. High school senior Buffy Summers (Kristy Swanson) attends Hemery High School in Los Angeles; her main concerns are shopping and spending time with her rich, snooty friends and her boyfriend, Jeffrey. While at school one day, she is approached by a man who calls himself Merrick (Donald Sutherland). He informs her that she is The Slayer, or Chosen One, destined to kill vampires, and he is a Watcher whose duty it is to guide and train her. She initially rejects his claim but is convinced that he's right when he's able to describe a recurring dream of hers in

"Eliza Dushku"
the 2012 Consumer Electronics Show Entertainment Matters program in October 2011. Eliza Dushku Eliza Patricia Dushku (; born December 30, 1980) is an American actress and model known for her television roles, including starring as Faith on ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"" and its spinoff series ""Angel"". She starred in two Fox series, ""Tru Calling"" and ""Dollhouse"". She is also known for her roles in films, including ""True Lies"", ""The New Guy"", ""Bring It On"", ""Wrong Turn"", and ""Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back"", as well as her voice work on video games. Dushku was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter

Buffy Summers Buffy Anne Summers is the titular character from the ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"" franchise. She first appeared in the 1992 film ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"" before going on to appear in the television series and subsequent comic book of the same name. The character has also appeared in the spin-off series ""Angel"", as well as numerous non-canon expanded universe material, such as novels, comics, and video games. Buffy was portrayed by Kristy Swanson in the film, and later by Sarah Michelle Gellar in the television series. Giselle Loren has lent her voice to the character in both the

detail. In addition, Buffy is exhibiting uncanny abilities not known to her, including heightened agility, senses, and endurance, yet she repeatedly tries Merrick's patience with her frivolous nature, indifference to slaying, and sharp-tongued remarks. After several successful outings, Buffy is drawn into conflict with Lothos (Rutger Hauer), a local vampire king and his acolyte, Amilyn (Paul Reubens). Two young men, Oliver Pike (Luke Perry) and Benny (David Arquette), who resented Buffy and her friends due to differing social circles, are out drinking when they're attacked by Amilyn. Benny is turned, but Pike is saved by Merrick. As a vampire, Benny

"Amy Chance"
Amy Chance Amy Chance (born July 21, 1975) is a former American child actor born in Hollywood, California. Amy played Aphrodesia, one of the first characters introduced in the cult television show ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"", a minor role which she reprised from the original unaired Buffy pilot. She had numerous guest starring roles on popular shows such as ""Punky Brewster"", ""ER"" and ""Step By Step"" and appeared in several television commercials. As an adult, Amy began work as a celebrity make up artist. Her work can be seen on the red carpet, and in numerous magazines, commercials, and music

and waiter—before breaking into acting and overcoming his stutter. He landed his Xander Harris role following only four days of auditioning. Ryan Reynolds and Danny Strong also auditioned for the part. Strong later played the role of Jonathan Levinson, a recurring character for much of the series run. Alyson Hannigan was the last of the original six to be cast. Following her role in ""My Stepmother Is an Alien"", she appeared in commercials and supporting roles on television shows throughout the early 1990s. In 1996, the role of Willow Rosenberg was originally played by Riff Regan for the unaired ""Buffy""

"Official Women's Squash World Ranking"
(active players in green): ""Last update: April, 2017"" najmi Note: 1) Natalie Grinham changed her nationality in 2008. Official Women's Squash World Ranking The Official Women's Squash World Ranking is the official world ranking for women's squash. The ranking is to rate the performance level of female professional squash player. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in women's squash tournaments. The rankings are produced monthly. The current world number one is Nour El Sherbini of Egypt, who replaced Laura Massaro in May 2016. Players competing in PSA tournaments earn ranking points according to how

"Karolína Plíšková"
Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 and is currently ranked No. 7 in the world by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Plíšková has won eleven singles and five doubles titles on the WTA tour, as well as 10 singles and six doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 31 October 2016, she peaked at world No. 11 in the doubles rankings. She reached her first Grand Slam final at the 2016 US Open, where she was runner-up to Angelique Kerber in

"Garbiñe Muguruza"
announced that she had become an Ambassador for the international education NGO Room to Read. Muguruza announced plans to help the organisation to grow its impact in two focus areas of early grade literacy and equal access to secondary education for girls. ""This table is current through the 2018 US Open"" Garbiñe Muguruza Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco (; born 8 October 1993) is a Spanish-Venezuelan professional tennis player and former world No. 1, currently ranked No. 15 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Since turning professional in 2012, she has won six singles titles, including two majors, the 2016

"Amanda Anisimova"
Amanda Anisimova Amanda Anisimova ( ; born August 31, 2001) is an American tennis player. She is the youngest player ranked in the top 100 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) and achieved a career high ranking of No. 92 in the world in October 2018. She was the 2017 Junior US Open champion, and has reached one final on the WTA Tour at the 2018 Japan Women's Open. With her father Konstantin as her longtime coach and her older sister also an accomplished player, Anisimova began playing tennis at a very young age. Born in New Jersey, her family

she likes to control the rally and can hit cross-court and down-the-line flat shots, often producing winners. Simona Halep was born in Constanța to Stere and Tania Halep, a family of Aromanian descent. Her father, a former football player at Săgeata Stejaru playing in the lower leagues, owns a dairy products factory. She has an older brother, Nicolae. Simona Halep Simona Halep (; born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She is the current world No. 1 on the WTA Tour, a ranking she first achieved in October 2017, and has won 18 WTA singles titles and

"ITF World Champions"
however were controversial and were generally agreed upon, with the 1978 and 1982 choices being particularly clear cut in favor of Borg (1978) and Connors (1982). The women's panel initially featured three former women's champions, Margaret Court, Margaret duPont and Ann Jones. Althea Gibson was a member through the early 1980s. ITF world champions for women differed from the WTA year-end rankings the following years: 1978 (Martina Navratilova), 1994 (Steffi Graf), 2001 (Lindsay Davenport), 2004 (Lindsay Davenport), 2005 (Lindsay Davenport), 2011 (Caroline Wozniacki), 2012 (Victoria Azarenka), 2017 (Simona Halep). ITF World Champions The International Tennis Federation (ITF) designates a World

Official Women's Squash World Ranking The Official Women's Squash World Ranking is the official world ranking for women's squash. The ranking is to rate the performance level of female professional squash player. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in women's squash tournaments. The rankings are produced monthly. The current world number one is Nour El Sherbini of Egypt, who replaced Laura Massaro in May 2016. Players competing in PSA tournaments earn ranking points according to how far they get in the draw. The points available depend on the prize money and the draw size.

"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament"
""Sunday, 18 February, 20:05"" ""Monday, 19 February, 14:05"" ""Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05"" ""Tuesday, 20 February, 20:05"" ""Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05"" ""Thursday, 22 February, 9:05"" ""Thursday, 22 February, 20:05"" ""Friday, 23 February, 15:35"" ""Saturday, 24 February, 15:35"" The final standings are: Player percentages during round robin play are as follows: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round

"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament"
test of the B sample. After the testing of the B sample, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) confirmed that they were instituting formal proceedings; three days later, CAS disqualified the Olympic Athletes from Russia team and stripped them of the bronze medal, which was reawarded to the Norwegian team. Teams have one male and one female thrower, with one curler throwing rocks #1 and #5 and the other throwing rocks #2, #3 and #4. Only the Olympic Athletes from Russia team have the female curler throwing the middle three rocks and the male curler throwing first and last.

Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Seoul Time (UTC+9). ""Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05"" ""Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05"" ""Thursday, 15 February, 14:05"" ""Friday, 16 February, 09:05"" ""Friday, 16 February, 20:05"" ""Saturday, 17 February, 14:05"" ""Sunday, 18 February, 09:05""

"2018 Masters (curling)"
2018 Masters (curling) The 2018 Canadian Beef Masters was held from October 23 to 28, at the Rath Eastlink Arena in Truro, Nova Scotia. This was be the second Grand Slam and first major of the 2018–19 curling season. On the men's side, John Epping defeated Kevin Koe 7–4 in the final, completing a career Grand Slam for Epping, winning all four major events. On the women's side, Anna Hasselborg defeated Rachel Homan 8–7 to win their second straight Grand Slam. The top 14 men's and women's teams on the World Curling Tour order of merit standing as of September

The final standings are: Player percentages during round robin play are as follows: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament The mixed doubles curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Curling Centre from 8 to 13 February 2018. Eight nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. This was the first time mixed doubles was held at the Winter Olympics. On 18 February 2018, it was reported that bronze medallist Alexander Krushelnitskiy of the Olympic

"2018 Continental Cup of Curling"
2018 Continental Cup of Curling The 2018 World Financial Group Continental Cup of Curling was held from January 11 to 14 at the Sports Centre at Western Fair District in London, Ontario. The Continental Cup featured team events, mixed doubles events, and skins competitions, and the brunt of the points was in the skins competitions. TSN broadcast the event, as it has in previous years. North America won the event 30.5 points to 30, with an extra half point awarded in a draw to the button competition between Brad Gushue and Thomas Ulsrud after a 30–30 tie after all events.

"Hungry Hill (novel)"
the title alludes to the curse put on the family by Morty Donovan, arch enemy of patriarch Copper John Brodrick, at the start of the novel, and the fact that the mines seem to ""swallow up"" the lives of the Brodrick family through five generations, by early death, dissipation and unhappiness. Many of the place names in the novel are imaginary, and the location is never directly stated to be Ireland, although it can be inferred from several references to ""crossing the water"" to reach to London, Hal's embarkation from Liverpool en route to Canada, and, in the Epilogue, the

"Hillbilly Elegy"
Vance was raised in Middletown, Ohio, though his ancestors were from Breathitt County, Kentucky. Their Appalachian values include traits like loyalty and love of country despite social issues including violence and verbal abuse. He recounts his grandparents' alcoholism and abuse, and his unstable mother's history of drug addictions and failed relationships. Vance's grandparents eventually reconcile and become his de facto guardians. He was pushed by his tough but loving grandmother, such that Vance was able to leave Middletown and ascend social ladders to attend Ohio State University and Yale Law School. Alongside his personal history, Vance raises questions such as

"The Tree on the Hill"
The Tree on the Hill ""The Tree on the Hill"" is a short story written by horror author H. P. Lovecraft and his correspondent Duane W. Rimel. It was written in 1934 and published in 1940 in ""Polaris"". The story is written in first person. It depicts the main character exploring outside a city called Hampden and finding a special tree atop an unusual hill. From the hill, the man witnesses the Bitterroot Mountains, a seemingly impossible feat of geography. The tree makes him daydream about a temple or tomb in a land with three red suns. The temple was

"The Hill of Dreams"
The Hill of Dreams The Hill of Dreams is a semi-autobiographical novel by the Welsh writer Arthur Machen. The novel recounts the life of a young man, Lucian Taylor, focusing on his dreamy childhood in rural Wales, in a town based on Caerleon. The Hill of Dreams of the title is an old Roman fort where Lucian has strange sensual visions, including ones of the town in the time of Roman Britain. Later, the novel describes Lucian's attempts to make a living as an author in London, enduring poverty and suffering in the pursuit of art and history. ""The Hill

on [her]"". Johnson states, ""[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."" Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. Their family name Finch is also Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although

"King of the Hill"
Texas, perhaps near the Guadalupe Mountains near the New Mexico state line. In Season 7 episode ""Goodbye Normal Jeans"" Bill writes Dale a check for a million dollars. Bill's checks has his address with ZIP code 71304, an unassigned Arkansas ZIP. The address of the First National Bank of Arlen is different but illegible (7?1?? possibly, 72196 which would also be an unassigned Arkansas ZIP). Arlen includes settings such as Rainey Street, where the Hills and other major characters reside, and Strickland Propane, Hank's employer. Also included are parodies of well-known businesses, such as Mega-Lo Mart (a parody of Walmart),

Luly's (a parody of Luby's), Want-A-Burger (a parody of Whataburger), Bazooms (a parody of Hooters), Frozen Cow Creamery (a parody of Cold Stone Creamery), 61 Flavors (a parody of Baskin-Robbins) and Pancho's Mexican Buffet. Hank's friend and neighbor Bill Dauterive is a barber at Fort Blanda, an army post (similar to Fort Hood) near Arlen. Most of the children in the show attend Tom Landry Middle School (named after the former Dallas Cowboys coach). Not long before the series premiered, an elementary school named after Tom Landry opened in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas which until 2008 was home

"Savage Sam (novel)"
Savage Sam (novel) Savage Sam is a 1962 children's novel written by Fred Gipson, his second book concerning the Coates family of frontier Texas in the late 1860s. It is a sequel to 1956's ""Old Yeller"". It was inspired by the story of former Apache captive Herman Lehmann, whom Gipson had seen give an exhibition when he was a child. It was adapted into a motion picture of the same name. Savage Sam is Old Yeller's son. He is a Bluetick Coonhound, and every bit as courageous and loyal as his father, as well as an incredibly keen tracker. Sam

"Hawk of the Hills (short story)"
Orakzai and their chief Afdal Khan in early twentieth century Afghanistan. The war brings in British agents from across the border and has Russian influence in the region behind it. The story begins with El Borak climbing a cliff-face to escape pursuit. Afdal Khan, the chief of the Orakzai, had invited the Afridis and their ally El Borak to a feast before swiftly attacking and slaughtering the chiefs of the other tribe. El Borak was the only survivor. The focus shifts to Geoffrey Willoughby some time later. Willoughby is a British diplomatic agent who, along with secret service agent Suleiman,

mostly likes chasing bobcats, sometimes with Arliss. Travis and Arliss Coates and Lisbeth Searcy are taken captive by Apache and Comanche Indians. Jim Coates, the boys' father, gathers up some neighboring men to go in search of them, which includes Lisbeth's somewhat overbearing grandfather, Bud Searcy. Travis manages to escape and is found by the search party (partly thanks to Sam's keen sense of smell), and they rescue Arliss and Lisbeth days later. A follow-up novella, ""Little Arliss"" was discovered in Fred Gipson's papers by his son, and published in 1978. Savage Sam (novel) Savage Sam is a 1962 children's

"Late Roman army"
resulted in its disintegration. It consisted of a series of military catastrophes in 251–271 when Gaul, the Alpine regions and Italy, the Balkans and the East were overrun by Alamanni, Sarmatians, Goths and Persians. At the same time, the Roman army was struggling with the effects of a devastating pandemic, now thought to have been smallpox, the Plague of Cyprian which began in 251 and was still raging in 270, when it claimed the life of Emperor Claudius II Gothicus (268–70). The evidence for the earlier Antonine pandemic of the late 2nd century, probably also smallpox, indicates a mortality of

The rising Sassanid Empire inflicted three crushing defeats on Roman field armies and remained a potent threat for centuries. Other disasters included repeated civil wars, barbarian invasions, and more mass-mortality in the Plague of Cyprian (from 250 onwards). Rome abandoned the province of Dacia on the north of the Danube (271), and for a short period the Empire split into a Gallic Empire in the West (260–274), a Palmyrene Empire in the East (260–273), and a central Roman rump state. The Rhine/Danube frontier also came under more effective threats from larger barbarian groupings, which had developed improved agriculture and increased

followers with precious metals, and he continued to attack the Eastern Empire until 450, by when he had extracted vast sums of money and many other concessions. Attila may not have needed any excuse to turn West, but he received one in the form of a plea for help from Honoria, the Emperor's sister, who was being forced into a marriage which she resented. Attila claimed Honoria as his wife and half of the Western Empire's territory as his dowry. Faced with refusal, he invaded Gaul in 451 with a huge army. In the bloody battle of the Catalaunian Plains

the invasion was stopped by the combined forces of the barbarians within the Western empire, coordinated by Aetius and supported by what troops he could muster. The next year, Attila invaded Italy and proceeded to march upon Rome, but an outbreak of disease in his army, lack of supplies, reports that Eastern Roman troops were attacking his noncombatant population in Pannonia, and, possibly, Pope Leo's plea for peace induced him to halt this campaign. Attila unexpectedly died a year later (453) and his empire crumbled as his followers fought for power. The life of Severinus of Noricum gives glimpses of

keep it secure, contributed large tax revenues, and exported wheat to feed Rome and many other areas. Roman troops assembled in Sicily, but the planned counter-attack never happened. Huns attacked the Eastern empire, and the troops, which had been sent against Genseric, were hastily recalled from Sicily; the garrisons, on the side of Persia, were exhausted; and a military force was collected in Europe, formidable by their arms and numbers, if the generals had understood the science of command, and the soldiers the duty of obedience. The armies of the Eastern empire were vanquished in three successive engagements ... From

parts of Pannonia to them) and in 433 he returned to Italy, overcoming all rivals. He never threatened to become an Augustus himself and thus maintained the support of the Eastern court, where Valentinian's cousin Theodosius II reigned until 450. Aetius campaigned vigorously, somewhat stabilizing the situation in Gaul and in Hispania. He relied heavily on his forces of Huns. With a ferocity celebrated centuries later in the Nibelungenlied, the Huns slaughtered many Burgundians on the middle Rhine, re-establishing the survivors as Roman allies, the first Kingdom of the Burgundians. This may have returned some sort of Roman authority to

Late Roman army In modern scholarship, the ""late"" period of the Roman army begins with the accession of the Emperor Diocletian in AD 284, and ends in 476 with the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, being roughly coterminous with the Dominate. During the period 395–476, the army of the Roman Empire's western half progressively disintegrated, while its counterpart in the East, known as the East Roman army (or the early Byzantine army) remained largely intact in size and structure until the reign of Justinian I (r. AD 527–565). The Imperial Roman army of the Principate (30 BC – 284 AD) underwent

their populations. The Empire survived the ""Crisis of the Third Century"", directing its economy successfully towards defense, but survival came at the price of a more centralized and bureaucratic state. Under Gallienus (Emperor from 253 to 268) the senatorial aristocracy ceased joining the ranks of the senior military commanders, its typical members lacking interest in military service and showing incompetence at command. Aurelian reunited the empire in 274, and from 284 Diocletian and his successors reorganized it with more emphasis on the military. John the Lydian, writing over two centuries later, reported that Diocletian's army at one point totaled 389,704

Temperature
other systems, vibrational and rotational motions also contribute degrees of freedom. Maxwell and Boltzmann developed a kinetic theory that yields a fundamental understanding of temperature in gases. This theory also explains the ideal gas law and the observed heat capacity of monatomic (or 'noble') gases. The ideal gas law is based on observed empirical relationships between pressure (""p""), volume (""V""), and temperature (""T""), and was recognized long before the kinetic theory of gases was developed (see Boyle's and Charles's laws). The ideal gas law states: where ""n"" is the number of moles of gas and is the gas constant. This

"Gas constant"
Gas constant The gas constant is also known as the molar, universal, or ideal gas constant, denoted by the symbol or and is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per ""mole"", i.e. the pressure-volume product, rather than energy per temperature increment per ""particle"". The constant is also a combination of the constants from Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. It is a physical constant that is featured in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the ideal gas law and the Nernst equation. Physically, the gas constant

calibrated. As a practical matter it is not possible to use a gas thermometer to measure absolute zero temperature since the gases tend to condense into a liquid long before the temperature reaches zero. It is possible, however, to extrapolate to absolute zero by using the ideal gas law, as shown in the figure. The kinetic theory assumes that pressure is caused by the force associated with individual atoms striking the walls, and that all energy is translational kinetic energy. Using a sophisticated symmetry argument, Boltzmann deduced what is now called the Maxwell–Boltzmann probability distribution function for the velocity of

"Boyle's law"
air moves from high to low pressure. Related phenomena: Other gas laws: Boyle's law Boyle's law, sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. A modern statement of Boyle's law is The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system. Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as or

"Gas laws"
1662 Robert Boyle studied the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas of fixed amount at constant temperature. He observed that volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant temperature. Boyle's law, published in 1662, states that, at constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume of a given mass of an ideal gas in a closed system is always constant. It can be verified experimentally using a pressure gauge and a variable volume container. It can also be derived from the kinetic theory of gases: if a container,

Boyle's law Boyle's law, sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. A modern statement of Boyle's law is The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system. Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as or where ""P"" is the pressure of the gas, ""V"" is the volume

zero, at which point the thermal motion in matter would be zero. However, an actual physical system or object can never attain a temperature of absolute zero. Absolute zero is denoted as on the Kelvin scale, on the Celsius scale, and on the Fahrenheit scale. For an ideal gas, temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the random microscopic motions of the constituent microscopic particles. Temperature is important in all fields of natural science, including physics, chemistry, Earth science, medicine, and biology, as well as most aspects of daily life. Many physical processes are affected by temperature, such

particles in an ideal gas. From that probability distribution function, the average kinetic energy (per particle) of a monatomic ideal gas is where the Boltzmann constant is the ideal gas constant divided by the Avogadro number, and formula_5 is the root-mean-square speed. Thus the ideal gas law states that internal energy is directly proportional to temperature. This direct proportionality between temperature and internal energy is a special case of the equipartition theorem, and holds only in the classical limit of an ideal gas. It does not hold for most substances, although it is true that temperature is a monotonic (non-decreasing)

"Boltzmann constant"
Boltzmann constant The Boltzmann constant ( or ) is a physical constant relating the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas and occurs in Planck's law of black-body radiation and in Boltzmann's entropy formula. It was introduced by Max Planck, but named after Ludwig Boltzmann. It is the gas constant divided by the Avogadro constant : The Boltzmann constant has the dimension energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy. As of 2017, its value in SI units is a measured quantity. The recommended value (as of 2015, with standard uncertainty in parentheses)

as a statistical ensemble of microstates. As a collection of classical material particles, temperature is a measure of the mean energy of motion, called kinetic energy, of the particles, whether in solids, liquids, gases, or plasmas. The kinetic energy, a concept of classical mechanics, is half the mass of a particle times its speed squared. In this mechanical interpretation of thermal motion, the kinetic energies of material particles may reside in the velocity of the particles of their translational or vibrational motion or in the inertia of their rotational modes. In monatomic perfect gases and, approximately, in most gases, temperature

"Flag of Ireland"
Flag of Ireland The national flag of Ireland () – frequently referred to as the Irish tricolour (""trídhathach na hÉireann"") – is the national flag and ensign of the Republic of Ireland. The flag itself is a vertical tricolour of green (at the hoist), white and orange. The proportions of the flag are 1:2 (that is to say, flown horizontally, the flag is half as high as it is wide). Presented as a gift in 1848 to Thomas Francis Meagher from a small group of French women sympathetic to the Irish cause, it was intended to symbolise the inclusion and

"Flag of Kenya"
flag have been specified by the Kenya National Archives. Flag of Kenya The flag of Kenya (Swahili: ""Bendera ya Kenya"") is a tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with a red, white and black Maasai shield and two crossed spears. The flag is based on that of Kenya African National Union and was officially adopted on 12 December 1963 after Kenya's independence. The Kenyan flag is based on the black over red over green flag of Kenya African National Union (KANU), the political party that led the fight for freedom and independence of Kenya. Upon

"Flag of Italy"
Flag of Italy The flag of Italy (), often referred to in Italian as il Tricolore (); is a tricolour featuring three equally-sized vertical pales of green, white and red, with the green at the hoist side. Its current form has been in use since 18 June 1946 and was formally adopted on 1 January 1948. The first entity to use the Italian tricolour was the Cisalpine Republic in 1797, which supplanted Milan after Napoleon's victorious army crossed Italy in 1796. The colours chosen by the Cispadane Republic were red and white, which were the colours of the recently conquered

"Flag of Hungary"
Flag of Hungary The flag of Hungary (, more commonly ) is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and green. In this exact form, it has been the official flag of Hungary since May 23, 1957. The flag's form originates from national republican movements of the 18th and 19th centuries, while its colours are from the Middle Ages. The current Hungarian tricolour flag is the same as the republican movement flag of the United Kingdom (used since 1816) and the colours in that form were already used at least since the coronation of Leopold II in 1790, predating the first

Flag of Kenya The flag of Kenya (Swahili: ""Bendera ya Kenya"") is a tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with a red, white and black Maasai shield and two crossed spears. The flag is based on that of Kenya African National Union and was officially adopted on 12 December 1963 after Kenya's independence. The Kenyan flag is based on the black over red over green flag of Kenya African National Union (KANU), the political party that led the fight for freedom and independence of Kenya. Upon independence, the white fimbriation, symbolising peace and unity, and

by the IOC database. Usually, a single code corresponds to a single National Olympic Committee (NOC). When different codes are displayed for different years, medal counts are combined in the case of a simple change of IOC code (such as from HOL to NED for the Netherlands) or simple change of country name (such as from Ceylon to Sri Lanka). As the medals are attributed to each NOC, not all totals include medals won by athletes from that country for another NOC, such as before independence of that country (see individual footnotes for special cases such as combined teams). Names

All-time Olympic Games medal table The all-time medal table for all Olympic Games from 1896 to 2018, including Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, and a combined total of both, is tabulated below. These Olympic medal counts do not include the 1906 Intercalated Games which are no longer recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as official Games. The IOC itself does not publish all-time tables, and publishes unofficial tables only per single Games. This table was thus compiled by adding up single entries from the IOC database. The results are attributed to the IOC country code as currently displayed

"Great Britain at the Olympics"
different events, having reached the top step in four different disciplines – men's kilo, men's team sprint, men's match sprint and men's kierin. Cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins has the most overall medals by a British Olympian (and thus often referred to in the media as the ""most decorated British Olympian"") with eight. Sir Steve Redgrave is the only British Olympian to win a gold medal in five consecutive Olympic Games, winning his first in 1984 Los Angeles and last in 2000 Sydney. With five golds and a bronze, Redgrave is the most successful Olympic male rower of all time. The

"Virginia Plan"
the initiative to frame the debate by immediately drawing up and presenting a proposal, for which delegate James Madison is given chief credit. However, it was Edmund Randolph, the Virginia governor at the time, who officially put it before the convention on May 29, 1787, in the form of 15 resolutions. The scope of the resolutions, going well beyond tinkering with the Articles of Confederation, succeeded in broadening the debate to encompass fundamental revisions to the structure and powers of the national government. The resolutions proposed, for example, a new form of national government having three branches (legislative, executive and

Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature. The Constitutional Convention gathered in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia delegation took

The Virginia Plan and the debate surrounding it are prominently featured in the 1989 film ""A More Perfect Union"", which depicts the events of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Presented largely from the viewpoint and words of James Madison, the movie was mainly filmed in Independence Hall. Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was

were introduced, with the most important plan being that of James Madison (the Virginia Plan). The Convention's work was mostly a matter of modifying this plan. Charles Pinckney also introduced a plan, although this wasn't considered and its exact character has been lost to history. After the Convention was well under way, the New Jersey Plan was introduced though never seriously considered. It was mainly a protest to what some delegates thought was the excessively radical change from the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton also offered a plan after the Convention was well under way, though it included an executive

Convention to formally begin, James Madison sketched out his initial draft, which became known as the Virginia Plan and reflected his views as a strong nationalist. By the time the rest of the Virginia delegation arrived, most of the Pennsylvania delegation had arrived as well. They agreed on Madison's plan, and formed what came to be the predominant coalition. By the time the Convention started, the only blueprints that had been assembled were Madison's Virginia Plan, and Charles Pinckney's plan. As Pinckney didn't have a coalition behind his plan, Madison's plan was the starting point for deliberations. The Convention agreed

than halfway through the proceedings, on July 23.) James Madison arrived first, and soon most of the Virginia delegation arrived. While waiting for the other delegates, the Virginia delegation produced the Virginia Plan, which was designed and written by James Madison. On May 25, the delegations convened in the Pennsylvania State House. George Washington was unanimously elected president of the Convention, and it was agreed that the discussions and votes would be kept secret until the conclusion of the meeting. Despite the sweltering summer heat, the windows of the meeting hall were nailed shut to keep the proceedings a secret

"Virginia Conventions"
three resolutions: one calling for a declaration of rights for Virginia, one calling for the establishment of a republican constitution, and a third calling for federal relations with whichever other colonies would have them and alliances with whichever foreign countries would have them. It also instructed its delegates to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to declare independence. On June 7, Richard Henry Lee, one of Virginia's delegates to Congress, carried out the instructions to propose independence in the language the convention had commanded him to use: that ""these colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.""

how to apportion representatives in the national legislature should be referred to a committee composed of one delegate from each of the eleven states that were present at that time at the Convention. The members of this ""Grand Committee,"" as it has come to be known, included Elbridge Gerry, Oliver Ellsworth, Robert Yates, William Paterson, Gunning Bedford, Jr., George Mason, William Davie, John Rutledge, Abraham Baldwin, and Benjamin Franklin. In its report to the Convention on July 5, the committee offered a compromise. The large states had opposed the Connecticut Compromise, because they felt it gave too much power to

"Virginia Association"
promoted the implementation of some sort of non-importation scheme and conveyed his thoughts to his neighbor, George Mason. Washington contended that if the scheme was adopted on a large scale, the benefits would outweigh the costs of the loss of British imports. Mason, along with Washington and Richard Henry Lee, spent several weeks formulating the language of a non-importation association that would ultimately help strengthen the state's economy. Gathered at the Raleigh Tavern (run by Anthony Hay) in Williamsburg, VA, the House of Burgesses, on May 17, began discussing the Mason draft. After amending some of the articles and the

Yoda
""Revenge of the Sith"", he mentions that he trained another one of the leaders on the Jedi Council, Master Oppo Rancisis. In the ""Star Wars"" prequel films, he instructs several younglings in the Jedi Temple before they are assigned to a master. This was displayed in a scene in """". In ""The Empire Strikes Back"" he mentioned that he had been training Jedi ""for 800 years"", which means he must have been a Master Jedi for quite some time before that. Yoda makes his first film appearance in ""The Empire Strikes Back"". Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) arrives on Dagobah to

Yoda
emergence of the Separatists, a group of systems rebelling against the Galactic Republic. After the first attempted assassination of Senator Padmé Amidala (Natalie Portman), Chancellor Palpatine (Ian McDiarmid) ""suggests"" that she be put under the protection of Obi-Wan, who is training Anakin (now played by Hayden Christensen). At the climax of the film, Yoda arrives in time to save Obi-Wan and Anakin from the Separatists and defeats his former apprentice, Count Dooku (Christopher Lee), in a lightsaber duel. In """", Yoda leads the Jedi Council in pursuing the mysterious Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Palpatine has by now amassed near-dictatorial emergency

Yoda
""The Empire Strikes Back"" and ""Return of the Jedi"", Yoda was voiced by John Lithgow, while Tom Kane voiced him in the , several video games, and the series """". George Lucas had originally conceived of Yoda's full name as being ""Minch Yoda"" before shortening it. The make-up artist Stuart Freeborn based Yoda's face partly on his own and partly on Albert Einstein's. In ""The Phantom Menace"", he was redesigned to look younger. He was computer-generated for two distant shots, but remained mostly a puppet. The puppet was re-designed by Nick Dudman from Stuart Freeborn's original design. Rendered with computer

Yoda
Skywalker (Jake Lloyd) to the Jedi Council. Qui-Gon is convinced that Anakin is the ""Chosen One"" of Jedi prophecy who will bring balance to the Force, and requests the boy be trained as a Jedi. Yoda senses great fear in Anakin, especially in regards to his attachment to his mother, and foresees ""grave danger"" in his training. The Council, led at the time by Yoda's former padawan Mace Windu (Samuel L. Jackson), rejects Qui-Gon's request. When Qui-Gon is mortally wounded in a duel with Sith Lord Darth Maul (played by Ray Park and voiced by Peter Serafinowicz), his dying request

Yoda
kill their Jedi generals. At this time, Yoda is on Kashyyyk, overseeing the battle between the Separatist forces and a combined command of clone troopers and Wookiees. Through the Force, Yoda feels the deaths of each of the Jedi as they are assassinated by their own troops. After swiftly killing the clone troopers instructed to kill him, he escapes with Wookiee leaders Tarfful and Chewbacca (Peter Mayhew), and returns to Coruscant, where he and Obi-Wan fight their way into the Jedi Temple to stop a trap for all surviving Jedi. Inside, they discover that all the Jedi inside, younglings included,

Yoda
seek his guidance, having been instructed to do so by the Force spirit of Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness). Yoda does not initially identify himself to Luke and instead tests his patience by presenting himself as a comical and senile backwater individual, deliberately provoking both Luke and R2-D2 (Kenny Baker). Luke is shocked when he finally realizes that this small, elderly creature is the powerful Jedi Master he was seeking. Finding that Luke has the same anger and recklessness which caused his father's downfall, Yoda is reluctant to teach him in the ways of the Force, and agrees only at Obi-Wan's

Yoda
imagery, Yoda is once more portrayed using puppetry. Yoda will appear in ""Star Wars: Episode IX"". Yoda appears in ""Star Wars: The Clone Wars"", voiced by Tom Kane. In the prequel film ""Star Wars: The Clone Wars"", Yoda assigns Anakin Skywalker his own Padawan, Ahsoka Tano, as he believes that she will help Anakin grow as a Jedi and as a person. Throughout most of the series, Yoda spends his time on Coruscant with the Jedi Council, but he occasionally leaves for certain tasks, such as negotiations with King Katuunko on Rugosa, and a confrontation with Asajj Ventress' droid army.

Yoda
with pride, alongside Obi-Wan and the redeemed Anakin Skywalker (Vader's former Jedi self). Yoda returns as a younger version of himself in the prequel trilogy beginning with """". The film marked the final time Oz would portray the character as a puppet, until the release of ""The Last Jedi"" (2017). However, in the 2011 Blu-ray release of ""The Phantom Menace"", the Yoda puppet was replaced by a CGI character to match the later depiction of the character. In the film, which is set 35 years before ""The Empire Strikes Back"", Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn (Liam Neeson) brings the young Anakin

"Buffalo Bill (character)"
are visible in Gumb's basement in the film. Buffalo Bill (character) Jame Gumb (known by the nickname Buffalo Bill) is a character and the primary antagonist of Thomas Harris's 1988 novel ""The Silence of the Lambs"" and its 1991 film adaptation, in which he is played by Ted Levine. In the film and the novel, he is a serial killer who murders overweight women and skins them so he can make a ""woman suit"" for himself. According to the novel, Gumb was born in California on October 25, 1949, and abandoned by his mother – an alcoholic aspiring actress who

Buffalo Bill (character) Jame Gumb (known by the nickname Buffalo Bill) is a character and the primary antagonist of Thomas Harris's 1988 novel ""The Silence of the Lambs"" and its 1991 film adaptation, in which he is played by Ted Levine. In the film and the novel, he is a serial killer who murders overweight women and skins them so he can make a ""woman suit"" for himself. According to the novel, Gumb was born in California on October 25, 1949, and abandoned by his mother – an alcoholic aspiring actress who misspelled ""James"" on his birth certificate – and

"Great Evil Beast"
the television series ""Constantine"", archangel Manny (Harold Perrineau) warns John Constantine (Matt Ryan) that the Brujería plan to unleash an ancient evil known the ""Rising Darkness"" to the human realm. According to Papa Midnite (Michael James Shaw), this darkness will be unleashed when someone very close to Constantine betrays him in the future. At the end of the last episode, ""Waiting for the Man"", Manny releases Midnite from police custody and reveals that the Brujería works for him, which makes Manny the real mastermind behind the event of the story. Whether the Rising Darkness is a reference to the Great

"The Silence of the Lambs (film)"
trainee Clarice Starling, is pulled from her training at the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia by Jack Crawford of the Bureau's Behavioral Science Unit. He assigns her to interview Hannibal Lecter, a former psychiatrist and incarcerated cannibalistic serial killer, whose insight might prove useful in the pursuit of a serial killer nicknamed ""Buffalo Bill"", who skins his female victims' corpses. Starling travels to the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, where she is led by Frederick Chilton to Lecter's solitary quarters. Although initially pleasant and courteous, Lecter grows impatient with Starling's attempts at ""dissecting"" him and rebuffs her. As

to the patches of skin removed from each of his victims. She telephones Crawford to inform him that Buffalo Bill is trying to form a ""woman suit"" out of real skin, but Crawford is already en route to make an arrest, having cross-referenced Lecter's notes with hospital archives and finding a transsexual woman named Jame Gumb, who once applied unsuccessfully for a sex-change operation. Starling continues interviewing friends of Buffalo Bill's first victim in Ohio, while Crawford leads an FBI HRT team to Gumb's address in Illinois. The house in Illinois is empty, and Starling is led to the house

she is leaving, one of the prisoners flicks semen at her. Lecter, who considers this act ""unspeakably ugly"", calls Starling back and tells her to seek out an old patient of his. This leads her to a storage shed, where she discovers a man's severed head with a sphinx moth lodged in its throat. She returns to Lecter, who tells her that the man is linked to Buffalo Bill. He offers to profile Buffalo Bill on the condition that he may be transferred away from Chilton, whom he detests. Buffalo Bill abducts a Senator's daughter, Catherine Martin. Crawford authorizes Starling

"Frederick Chilton"
Frederick Chilton Dr. Frederick Chilton is a fictional character appearing in Thomas Harris' novels ""Red Dragon"" and ""The Silence of the Lambs"". Chilton is first introduced in Harris' 1981 novel ""Red Dragon"" as the pompous, incompetent director of a sanitarium near Baltimore, Maryland, acting as the jailer for the cannibalistic serial killer Hannibal Lecter. When FBI profiler Will Graham goes to Lecter for advice on capturing another serial killer, Francis Dolarhyde, Chilton makes an unwelcome attempt to question Graham about Lecter's psyche. When Dolarhyde learns of Graham's visits with Lecter, the two killers attempt to correspond through the classifieds of

"The Silence of the Lambs (novel)"
to present a questionnaire to the brilliant forensic psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Lecter is serving nine consecutive life sentences in a Maryland mental institution for a series of murders. Crawford's real intention, however, is to try to solicit Lecter's assistance in the hunt for a serial killer dubbed ""Buffalo Bill"", whose modus operandi involves kidnapping overweight women, starving them for up to two weeks, killing and skinning them, and dumping the remains in nearby rivers. The nickname was started by Kansas City Homicide, as a sick joke that ""he likes to skin his humps."" Throughout the investigation,

to offer Lecter a fake deal, promising a prison transfer if he provides information that helps them find Buffalo Bill and rescue Catherine. Instead, Lecter demands a ""quid pro quo"" from Starling, offering clues about Buffalo Bill in exchange for personal information. Starling tells Lecter about the murder of her father when she was ten years old. Chilton secretly records the conversation and reveals Starling's deceit before offering Lecter a deal of Chilton's own making. Lecter agrees and is flown to Memphis, where he verbally torments Senator Ruth Martin, and gives her misleading information on Buffalo Bill, including the name

can hear lambs screaming, and Lecter speculates that she is motivated to save Catherine in the hope that it will end the nightmares. Lecter gives her back the case files on Buffalo Bill after their conversation is interrupted by Chilton and the police, who escort her from the building. Later that evening, Lecter kills his guards, escapes from his cell, and disappears. Starling analyzes Lecter's annotations to the case files and realizes that Buffalo Bill knew his first victim personally. Starling travels to the victim's hometown and discovers that Buffalo Bill was a tailor, with dresses and dress patterns identical

"Maciej Kranz"
distributes a newsletter to people involved in IoT technology advances. Maciej Kranz Maciej Kranz (born 22 November 1964; Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish-American executive, ""New York Times"" bestselling author, angel investor, faculty member of Singularity University, and an expert in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, and fog computing. He currently serves as Vice President of Innovation at Cisco Systems and is a frequent speaker in the fields of IoT and business practices in the tech sector. Maciej Kranz was born on 22 November 1964 in Warsaw, Poland to Jan and Malgorzata Kranz. He studied at

"Tom Hughes-Croucher"
Tom Hughes-Croucher Tom Hughes-Croucher is a British Internet programmer, entrepreneur, author, and public speaker. He's worked for and with numerous well known brands, including Walmart, Yahoo!, NASA, MySpace, Joyent, Tesco, Three Telecom, and UK Channel 4. He has been the acting Chief Technology Officer for Change.org since November 2012. Tom Hughes-Croucher was born on October 29, 1981 to David Crocher and Hazel Croucher. He grew up in Worksop, UK. Croucher attended Worksop College in north Nottinghamshire before earning his Bachelor of Science in 2005 from the University of Sunderland and was ranked first in his class. After Graduating from the

Maciej Kranz Maciej Kranz (born 22 November 1964; Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish-American executive, ""New York Times"" bestselling author, angel investor, faculty member of Singularity University, and an expert in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, and fog computing. He currently serves as Vice President of Innovation at Cisco Systems and is a frequent speaker in the fields of IoT and business practices in the tech sector. Maciej Kranz was born on 22 November 1964 in Warsaw, Poland to Jan and Malgorzata Kranz. He studied at the Warsaw School of Economics, during which he served as

University of Sutherland he joined Yahoo as a front end engineer. In 2009 he joined Joyent as a Technical Evanglist. Tom coauthored ""Node: Up and Running: Scalable Server-Side Code with JavaScript,"" with Mike Wilson. Tom Hughes-Croucher Tom Hughes-Croucher is a British Internet programmer, entrepreneur, author, and public speaker. He's worked for and with numerous well known brands, including Walmart, Yahoo!, NASA, MySpace, Joyent, Tesco, Three Telecom, and UK Channel 4. He has been the acting Chief Technology Officer for Change.org since November 2012. Tom Hughes-Croucher was born on October 29, 1981 to David Crocher and Hazel Croucher. He grew up

"Elissa Murphy"
Hadoop and cloud services. She left Yahoo! in April 2013 to join her former colleague Blake Irving at GoDaddy, where he had recently been appointed chief executive officer. Murphy served as GoDaddy's chief technology officer and executive vice president of platforms until May 2016. During her tenure at GoDaddy, she launched the GoDaddy Women in Technology Network with the goal of fostering a diverse culture. In July 2016, Murphy joined Google as a vice president of engineering. In 2018, she was named one of the ""most powerful female engineers"" in the United States by Business Insider. Elissa Murphy Elissa E.

"War Machine (film)"
War Machine (film) War Machine is a 2017 American satirical war film directed and written by David Michôd, based on the nonfiction book ""The Operators"" by Michael Hastings. It is a fictionalized version of the events in the book based on United States Army General Stanley McChrystal. The film stars Brad Pitt, Anthony Michael Hall, Anthony Hayes, Topher Grace, Will Poulter, Tilda Swinton and Ben Kingsley. It was released on Netflix on May 26, 2017. In the summer of 2009, four-star General Glen McMahon, having won renown for his effective leadership in Iraq, is sent to Afghanistan to prepare an

On October 23, 2015, ""TheWrap"" revealed that RJ Cyler had also joined the film. Alan Ruck was spotted filming. Meg Tilly was also spotted but her casting was not then officially confirmed. It was later reported Ben Kingsley and Tilda Swinton had been cast. Principal photography on the film began in mid-October 2015 in London. Later on October 19, filming began in Abu Dhabi; the city was transformed into Kabul, streets into a military fortress, an old building as an American Embassy in Kabul, and a street as a Palestinian border crossing. Filming also took place at the Abu Dhabi

"Renée Zellweger"
Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in """" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in ""Empire Records"" (1995), and was introduced to mainstream audiences in ""Jerry Maguire"" (1996). For ""Nurse

by New Regency and RatPac Entertainment. On June 8, 2015, Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the film which was re-titled ""War Machine"", while Ian Bryce also came on board to produce the film along with others. On June 17, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" revealed that there had been a budget issue between New Regency and RatPac with producers of Plan B, and thus Netflix had stepped in to buy the distribution rights for $60 million. On August 4, 2015, Emory Cohen was cast in the film to play a member of Gen. McChrystal's staff. On August 10, 2015, Topher Grace

joined the film to play Gen. Stanley McChrystal's civilian press adviser. On August 11, 2015, John Magaro signed on to play Cory Burger, a special ops soldier and close advisor to General McMahon. On August 14, 2015, Scoot McNairy joined the cast of the film. On August 19, 2015, Anthony Michael Hall was added to the cast to play General Hank Pulver, loosely based on General Mike Flynn. On August 20, 2015, Keith Stanfield signed on to the film. The same day, Will Poulter also joined the cast for an unspecified role. On August 25, Anthony Hayes joined the film.

government simply assigns a new general to replace McMahon. McMahon's Entourage U.S. Diplomats Politicians Combat Marines Other On April 27, 2012, it was announced that New Regency and Plan B Entertainment had acquired the film adaptation rights to the 2011 best seller non-fiction book ""The Operators"" by Michael Hastings. On April 14, 2014, David Michôd was hired to write and direct the film based on the war in Afghanistan. Brad Pitt was attached to star as General Stanley McChrystal and produce the film along with his Plan B partners Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner, while the film would be financed

She was awarded Germany's Golden Camera Award for Best International Actress in 2010. Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in """" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in ""Empire Records""

"Arabella Field"
show ""Under Suspicion"". Field is currently starring in the web series ""Sex and the Austen Girl"" on ""Babelgum"". Arabella Field Arabella Field (born February 5, 1965) is an American actress and film producer known for her roles in films such as ""Dante's Peak"", ""Feeling Minnesota"", ""Godzilla"", ""National Treasure"", ""Paper Man"" and as Melinda Bitterman in the animated television version of Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott's daily comic strip Baby Blues. Field was born in New York, New York. She has guest starred in a number of notable television series, including ""The Sopranos"", ""Seinfeld"", ""Law & Order"", ""Numb3rs"", ""House"", ""Rules of

"Cynthia McWilliams"
Tanaka. Cynthia McWilliams Cynthia Kaye McWilliams (born January 15, 1982) is an American actress, known for her performances on the television series ""Real Husbands of Hollywood"", ""Prison Break"", and ""Nashville"". McWilliams was born in Berlin, Germany, but moved to United States, there raised primarily in Kansas City, Kansas. She graduated from the prestigious Theater School of DePaul University in Chicago, and later moved to Los Angeles, California. In 2005, McWilliams landed the recurring role as Kacee Franklin, C-Note's wife, in the Fox drama series, ""Prison Break"". The following year, she appeared in film ""The Lake House"", and later co-starred in

International Airport in November. Some scenes were also filmed at the Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey, England. In mid-November 2015, while final scenes were being shot, actors were spotted filming in Ras al-Khaimah and the city's old neighborhood was transformed into Pakistani villages and a military base-camp. The film was released on Netflix on May 26, 2017. Brad Pitt visited Mumbai to promote the film and attended a special screening at PVR High Street Phoenix on May 24, 2017. He also met Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan to promote War Machine. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an

"United States presidential line of succession"
to provide for a line of succession beyond the vice president, which it has done on three occasions. The current Presidential Succession Act was adopted in 1947, and last revised in 2006. The line of succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the eligible heads of federal executive departments who form the president's Cabinet. The Presidential Succession Act refers specifically to officers beyond the vice president ""acting as"" president rather than ""becoming"" president when filling a vacancy. The Cabinet currently has 15 members, of which the

their 1792 positions—and placed them ahead of the members of the Cabinet, who were positioned once more in the order of the establishment of their department. Placing the speaker and the president pro tempore (both elected officials) back in the succession and placing them ahead of cabinet members (all of whom are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate), was Harry S. Truman's idea. Personally conveyed to Congress in June 1945, two months after becoming president upon Franklin D. Roosevelt's death, the proposal reflected Truman's belief that the president should not have the power to

Secretary of State is first in line; the other Cabinet secretaries follow in the order in which their department (or the department of which their department is the successor) was created. Those heads of department who are constitutionally ineligible to be elected to the presidency are also disqualified from assuming the powers and duties of the presidency through succession. Since 1789, the vice president has succeeded to the presidency intra-term on nine occasions, eight times due to the incumbent's death, and once due to resignation. No one lower in the line of succession has yet been called upon to act

appoint to office ""the person who would be my immediate successor in the event of my own death or inability to act,"" and that the presidency should, whenever possible, ""be filled by an elective officer."" The Act, which the president signed into law on July 18, 1947, has been modified several times, with changes being made as the face of the federal bureaucracy has changed over the ensuing years. Its most recent change came about in 2006, when the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act added the secretary of Homeland Security to the presidential line of succession. Although the Presidential

succeeded to the presidency upon the death or resignation of the president, and a number of them have died or resigned, the offices of President and Vice President have never been simultaneously vacant; thus no other officer in the presidential line of succession has ever been called upon to act as president. The prospect of such a ""double vacancy"" lurked in the shadows surrounding President Abraham Lincoln's 1865 assassination, as Vice President Andrew Johnson (along with Secretary of State William Seward and possibly General Ulysses S. Grant) was also targeted as part of John Wilkes Booth's plot to destabilize the

United States presidential line of succession The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which officials of the United States federal government discharge the powers and duties of the office of President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office (by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate) during his four-year term of office. Presidency succession is referred to multiple times in the U.S. Constitution, as well as the 12th Amendment, 20th Amendment, and 25th Amendment. The Article II succession clause authorizes Congress

of the president's cabinet, the order of the establishment of the various departments, beginning with the Secretary of State, and stipulated that any official discharging the powers and duties of the presidency must possess the constitutional qualifications to hold the office. The president pro tempore and speaker were excluded from the new line; also dropped was the provision mandating a special presidential election when a double vacancy arose. The need for increasing the number of presidential successors was abundantly clear to Congress, for twice within the span of four years it happened that there was no one in the presidential

secretary of state and the chief justice of the Supreme Court were also suggested. Including the secretary of state was unacceptable to most Federalists, who did not want the then secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson, who had become the leader of the opposition Democratic-Republicans, to follow the vice president in the succession, and many objected to including the chief justice due to separation of powers concerns. The statute provided that the presidential successor would serve in an acting capacity, holding office only until a new president could be elected. A special election was to be held in November of the

Succession Clause in Article II of the Constitution clearly provided for the vice president to take over the ""powers and duties"" of the presidency in the event of a president's removal, death, resignation, or inability, left unclear was whether the vice president became president of the United States or simply temporarily acted as president in a case of succession. Some historians, including Edward Corwin and John D. Feerick, have argued that the framers' intention was that the vice president would remain vice president while executing the powers and duties of the presidency until a new president could be elected. The

a decade later through Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, which resolved the uncertainties surrounding presidential disability. Nine vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency intra-term, eight due to the president's death, and one due to the president's resignation from office. Additionally, two vice presidents have temporarily assumed the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president, as authorized by Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment: George H. W. Bush did so once, on July 13, 1985, and Dick Cheney did so twice, on June 29, 2002, and on July 21, 2007. While several vice presidents have

who plays the protagonist peter rabbit in the 2018 motion picture release

"Peter Rabbit (film)"
Peter Rabbit (film) Peter Rabbit is a 2018 American live-action/computer-animated comedy film directed by Will Gluck and written by Rob Lieber and Gluck, based on the stories of Peter Rabbit created by Beatrix Potter. The film stars the voice of James Corden as the title character, with Rose Byrne, Domhnall Gleeson, Sam Neill, Daisy Ridley, Elizabeth Debicki, and Margot Robbie also starring. The film was released on February 9, 2018, and grossed $351 million worldwide. A sequel is set to be released on February 7, 2020. In England's Lake District, Peter Rabbit, his cousin Benjamin Bunny, and Peter's triplet sisters

released on digital platforms on April 20, 2018. A Blu-ray and DVD and 4K followed on May 1, 2018. ""Peter Rabbit"" grossed $115.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $235.9 million in other territories (including $20.5 million in Australia), for a worldwide total of $351.2 million, against a production budget of $50 million. In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside ""Fifty Shades Freed"" and """", and was projected to gross around $16 million from 3,725 theaters in its opening weekend, with some estimates as high as $25 million. It ended up making $25 million

In November, Sia was cast as Mrs Tiggy-Winkle. On December 18, 2016, a first image of the title character, along with the film's logo, was revealed. Production began in December 2016. Live action scenes were filmed at Centennial Park in Sydney. In March 2017, filming took place at Central railway station, Sydney, which was depicted as London Paddington station along with Mortuary railway station being depicted as the country station. ""Peter Rabbit"" was originally scheduled to be released on March 23, 2018, but it was moved up to February 9, 2018. The first trailer received negative feedback from critics and

"Peter Rabbit"
Pictures Animation, was released on 9 February 2018. James Corden voices Peter Rabbit and Rose Byrne stars in the live-action role of the lead female named Bea (based on Potter herself). Other cast members include Margot Robbie, Daisy Ridley and Elizabeth Debicki. Will Gluck directed and produced the film and Zareh Nalbandian also produced, while Lauren Abrahams oversaw the project for Sony Pictures Animation. More recently, John Patrick has adapted a number of Beatrix Potter's tales into a live-action/animated musical feature film for his brand-new film studio, called Storybook Studio. The film is titled ""Beatrix Potter's The Tales of Peter

character has a known severe allergy to blackberries — is pelted with the berries until one enters his mouth, causing him to enter anaphylactic shock and grab for his Epipen. In response, Sony published a statement saying ""We sincerely regret not being more aware and sensitive to this issue, and we truly apologize"". Sony is developing a sequel set to be released on February 7, 2020. Gluck will return to write and direct the film. Peter Rabbit (film) Peter Rabbit is a 2018 American live-action/computer-animated comedy film directed by Will Gluck and written by Rob Lieber and Gluck, based on

and Rob Lieber. James Corden was cast to voice Peter Rabbit, and Rose Byrne was selected to play one of the live-action roles. Gluck produced the film along with Zareh Nalbandian of Animal Logic, which will be providing the visual effects and animation for the film. Daisy Ridley and Elizabeth Debicki joined the cast in September 2016, and the live action production was scheduled to commence in Sydney, Australia, in January 2017. The next month, Domhnall Gleeson was cast as Thomas McGregor, the descendent of the original Mr. McGregor, and Margot Robbie joined the cast, expected to voice a bunny.

"Will Gluck"
Olive Bridge Entertainment production company reupped its film and television deal with Sony Pictures Entertainment encompassing Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Television. His latest movie, ""Peter Rabbit"", was released on February 9, 2018. It stars Rose Byrne, Domhnall Gleeson, and the voices of James Corden, Margot Robbie, Daisy Ridley, Elizabeth Debicki, and Sia. It became his most successful film financially to date grossing over 351 million worldwide. Will Gluck Will Gluck is an American film director, film producer, screenwriter, songwriter, and composer. Gluck is the son of American academic and Japanologist Carol Gluck and architect Peter L. Gluck. He began

over the weekend, finishing second at the box office behind ""Fifty Shades"" ($38.8 million). The film dropped 30% in its second weekend to $17.5 million ($23.4 million over the four-day Martin Luther King Jr. weekend), finishing second behind newcomer ""Black Panther"". In the UK, ""Peter Rabbit"" became the biggest family film of 2018, overtaking Pixar's ""Coco"" with $56.3 million. Totals from other markets include China ($26.5 million), Australia ($20.2 million), France ($12.3 million) and Germany ($12.1 million). On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 64% based on 133 reviews and an average rating of 5.8/10. The website's

"Peter Jackson"
In late December 2009, Jackson announced his interest in the movie adaptation of the novel ""Mortal Engines"". In October 2016, Jackson announced that the film would be his next project as producer and co-writer, alongside Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens once again. The film is directed by his long-time collaborator Christian Rivers. The film stars Robert Sheehan, Hera Hilmar, Hugo Weaving, Jihae, Leila George, Ronan Raftery, and Stephen Lang. It premiered on 27 November, 2018 in London. Jackson was set to produce a remake of ""The Dam Busters"", to be directed by longtime Weta designer Christian Rivers. Stephen Fry has

"Nick Krause"
Nick Krause Nick Krause (born April 14, 1992) is an American film and television actor. In 2014 Krause won Best Actor for his portrayal of Harlon in the film ""White Rabbit"" at the Boston and Catalina Film Festivals. Other roles include the film ""The Descendants"" (2011). Krause was born in Austin, Texas, as the son of the talent agent Liz Atherton, and was raised in Georgetown. His sister is the actress Kate Krause. He attended NYOS Charter School and graduated early from Georgetown High School in order to begin the filming of ""The Descendants"" in Hawaii. He also attended a

"I Am Number Four (film)"
to date a high school football player, but falls for Number Four and keeps his secret. Jake Abel plays the football player, Mark James, an antagonist in the film. Teresa Palmer plays the other Loric, Number Six, and 16-year-old Australian actor Callan McAuliffe plays Sam Goode, Number Four's best friend. Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. The film studio also had a positive experience shooting ""She's Out of My League"" in Pittsburgh in 2008.

The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks. Cinematographer Guillermo Navarro shot the film on 35 mm, using a format known as Super 1:85. Beaver, the former Conley Inn in Homewood, and nearby Buttermilk Falls were used as locations in the film; interior and exterior scenes were shot near a boat launch in Monaca. A spring fair scene was filmed in Deer Lakes Park in West Deer; Port Vue, North Park, New Kensington and Hyde Park were also used as locations. The setting of the film's fictional town of Paradise, Ohio is Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, where filming took place

the school was built in a studio in Monroeville for filming explosion scenes. In the last few weeks of production, scenes were filmed at the 200-year-old St. John's Lutheran Stone Church in Lancaster Township. Additional filming took place in the Florida Keys in the beginning of the film in Big Pine Key, Florida as well as the spanning of the drive over the bridge showcases the keys 7 mile bridge. ""I Am Number Four"" was edited by Jim Page, with Industrial Light & Magic developing the visual effects for the alien Pikens. The film was scored by former Yes guitarist

from June to July 2010. Producers chose Vandergrift as the ""hero town"" of the film because of its unique look and curved streets, laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park. Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville was chosen over 50 other schools in the area, due to its proximity to nearby woods, a part of the film's plot, and its surrounding hills. The school was also selected for its one floor layout, wide hallways, and its football stadium in front. Teachers and recent graduates appear in the film, and a set that replicates

Motion Pictures. ""The Hollywood Reporter"" estimated the budget to be between $50 million and $60 million. The film was released in both conventional and IMAX theatres on February 18, 2011, received generally negative reviews, and grossed $150 million. John Smith is an alien from the planet Lorien. He was sent to Earth as a child with eight others to escape the invading Mogadorians, who destroyed Lorien. Here, John is protected by a Guardian, Henri, and has developed powers, including enhanced strength, speed and agility, as well as seven other powers he will develop later in life, known as legacies. He

I Am Number Four (film) I Am Number Four is a 2011 American teen science fiction action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Teresa Palmer, Dianna Agron, and Callan McAuliffe. The screenplay, by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and Marti Noxon, is based on the novel of the same name, one of the ""Lorien Legacies"" young adult science fiction novels. Produced by Michael Bay, ""I Am Number Four"" was the first film production from DreamWorks Pictures to be released by Touchstone Pictures, as part of the studio's 2009 distribution deal with Walt Disney Studios

Trevor Rabin. A teaser trailer for the film was issued in late September 2010, and a full-length trailer premiered on December 8. Advertisements ran in ""Seventeen"" and ""Teen Vogue"" magazines, Disney released a promotional iPhone app in January 2011. Disney also developed a lot of Internet content to target a teen audience with their marketing campaign. A cast tour, in association with American retailer Hot Topic, and cast media appearances were scheduled to lead up to the release of the film. ""I Am Number Four"" premiered at the Village Theatre in Los Angeles on February 9, 2011. The film was

"Lockout (film)"
aide and friend; Peter Hudson as President Jeff Warnock, Emilie's father; and Miodrag Stevanovic as Frank Armstrong, a CIA agent. Principal photography was scheduled to begin on 7 September 2010, in the Serbian capital city Belgrade. Much of the filming used green screens, rather than practical sets. The intended scenes were storyboarded in Dublin, Ireland to aid the actors in visualizing how the green screen scenes would appear after the completion of the CGI in post-production. Speaking about the experience, Grace stated: ""You just have to suspend the voice in your head because you feel so silly reacting to nothing

that the 21-year-old British actor would play the lead. Sharlto Copley was going to star as Henri, Number Four's guardian and mentor, but had to drop out due to press obligations with his film ""The A-Team"". Copley was replaced by Timothy Olyphant. Kevin Durand plays the villain of the film, Commander, the Mogadorian who leads the hunt for the Loriens on Earth. DreamWorks went through multiple rounds of tests to find the right actress for the female romantic lead. Dianna Agron, a star in the Fox television series ""Glee"", won the role. She plays Sarah Hart, a girl who used

date set for Presidents Day weekend. Chris Bender, J.C. Spink, and David Valdes executive produced the film. Steven Spielberg contributed to the film's characters, but did not take a credit on the film. It was the first DreamWorks film to be released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures label, as part of the 30-picture distribution deal between DreamWorks and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was also the first release for DreamWorks after the studio's financial restructuring in 2008. In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four. It was later confirmed

"Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial State Park"
Bill 2624 introduced into the Arizona House of Representatives on February 11, 2014, and signed into law by Governor Jan Brewer on April 30, 2014. Planning by the Yarnell Hill Memorial Site Board began in late November. By April 2015, the board decided to purchase the land for the park. The purchase of of Arizona State Trust Land for the park occurred on June 30, 2015, at which time the park received its official name. Planning began for the trail to reach the site began soon thereafter. Arizona Public Service donated $229,000 towards the construction of the trail. In January

order of the seniority of the crew. The trail starts at an elevation of and climbs to at the observation deck. It is steep and rugged with over 200 steps carved into rock and several switchbacks. Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial State Park Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial State Park is a state park near Yarnell, Arizona, created to memorialize the nineteen members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots who died there on June 30, 2013, while fighting the Yarnell Hill Fire. The park opened on November 30, 2016, and had over 18,000 visitors in its first year. The park, located at the

Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial State Park Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial State Park is a state park near Yarnell, Arizona, created to memorialize the nineteen members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots who died there on June 30, 2013, while fighting the Yarnell Hill Fire. The park opened on November 30, 2016, and had over 18,000 visitors in its first year. The park, located at the site where the firefighters died, is accessed by a hiking trail from the parking area off Arizona State Route 89. The park entrance and trailhead is about south of Yarnell. The park was authorized by House

2016, workers from the American Conservation Experience began work on the main trail. Construction of a small parking lot at the trail head began in March, followed by the memorial gabion baskets. Most of the work was finished that summer, with ""final placement of benches and interpretive signs"" occurring in October and November. A dedication ceremony was held on November 29, 2016, led by Governor Doug Ducey and state senators Steve Pierce and Karen Fann. The park opened to the public the following day. The memorial is made of 19 rock baskets or gabions connected by chains forming a circle

"Mountain rescue in the United States"
availability, and safety of mountain search and rescue through; The Mountain Rescue Association was established in 1959 at Timberline Lodge at Mount Hood, Oregon making it the oldest Search and Rescue association in the United States. MRA founding members: The AFRCC (then known as the Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Center); The U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division; The National Park Service; The National Ski Patrol; The American Alpine Club; The Mountaineers; The Hood River Crag Rats, Oregon; The Portland Mountain Rescue Unit, Oregon; The Corvallis Mountain Rescue Unit, Oregon; The Seattle Mountain Rescue Council, Washington; The Everett Mountain Rescue Unit, Washington;

"Arizona Hotshots"
slated to play at Sun Devil Stadium. By September 25, Scott Brubaker and Phil Savage were named team president and general manager, respectively. Phoenix's name and logo were revealed on September 25, 2018 as the Arizona Hotshots along with the other three western teams. The name is a tribute to the region's firefighters, nicknamed hotshots, while the color scheme of green, orange, and yellow are commonly worn by such fire crews. The team's logo is a pair of crossed pulaskis, which are used by firefighters. The branding was developed by the national office then handed off to the team staff.

Arizona Hotshots The Arizona Hotshots are a professional American football team based in Phoenix, Arizona and is the 5th team to join the upcoming Alliance of American Football. They will play their games at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University beginning in February 2019. They will be coached by former NFL player and college head coach Rick Neuheisel. Scott Brubaker is the team president and Phil Savage is the general manager. Rick Neuheisel was announced as the head coach of the Arizona Hotshots by the Alliance of American Football on May 18, 2018. The team was

"Hot Springs Mountain Tower"
renamed the Rix Tower; it stood for there 69 years, finally being torn down in 1975 due to instability. Hot Springs Mountain Tower Hot Springs Mountain Tower is a 65.8 metre (216-foot) high observation tower built of lattice steel on Hot Springs Mountain at Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA. Construction began in 1982, and the structure was officially opened to the public on June 3, 1983. The tower is the third to be built on the mountain. In the nineteenth century, a 75-foot wooden observatory was constructed on the site. This tower was later struck by lightning and burned to the

Hot Springs Mountain Tower Hot Springs Mountain Tower is a 65.8 metre (216-foot) high observation tower built of lattice steel on Hot Springs Mountain at Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA. Construction began in 1982, and the structure was officially opened to the public on June 3, 1983. The tower is the third to be built on the mountain. In the nineteenth century, a 75-foot wooden observatory was constructed on the site. This tower was later struck by lightning and burned to the ground. In 1906, the wireless telegraph tower from the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition was relocated to the mountain and

"Mountain Hardwear"
Bruchez. Mountain Hardwear Mountain Hardwear, founded in 1993, is a California (USA) -based company that manufactures high-tech outdoor clothing, backpacks, sleeping bags, tents, and gloves. Columbia Sportswear purchased Mountain Hardwear in 2003. The company is headquartered in Richmond, California. In 1993, a small group of former employees of Sierra Designs decided to form Mountain Hardwear. Mountain Hardwear's first sponsored athlete, Ed Viesturs, the first American to climb all fourteen 8,000 meter peaks (8000ers), helped develop several of the company's products. Viesturs no longer endorses Mountain Hardwear equipment. The company has over 90 people in their California office, and more than

"Slam Dunk Contest"
This was a season long event similar to 1977–1978 NBA Horse event. There were 22 competitors throughout the event (nearly one for each team at the time), including future Hall of Famers Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, David Thompson, Alex English, Moses Malone, George Gervin, and Elvin Hayes and took place in multiple venues throughout the season. Darnell Hillman was named the winner that season, beating out the Golden State Warriors' Larry McNeill in the championship round on June 5, 1977 in Portland. The NBA reintroduced the Slam Dunk Contest in 1984 at its birthplace in Denver. Phoenix's Larry Nance defeated the original

spun around to the other side while ducking his head (to avoid colliding with the backboard) and dunked it with his right hand. On February 17, 2007, the contest was held in Las Vegas. Judges for the event were all past winners: Michael Jordan, Dominique Wilkins, Kobe Bryant, Julius Erving, and Vince Carter. The title was taken by the Boston Celtics' Gerald Green, who, among other dunks, jumped over reigning champ Nate Robinson while covering his face – a homage to 1991 winner, Dee Brown, whose jersey Green had worn. He also scored a perfect fifty with his last slam,

is the only player to win the event three times. Five are two-time winners: Dominique Wilkins, Michael Jordan, Harold Miner, Jason Richardson and Zach LaVine. Slam Dunk Contest champions by franchise Bold denotes winner(s) of that year. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 ""Ron Harper (Cleveland) was to participate but withdrew due to injury."" 1989 1990 1991""Beginning with this year, final round competitors were allowed three dunks, with the two highest scores comprising the total."" 1992 1993""The two highest score dunks of three in each round constituted the competitor's score.Shawn Kemp (Seattle) was scheduled to compete but was injured."" 1994""In the

fan voting, via text-messaging, to determine the winner of the final round. The very first slam dunk contest was won by Larry Nance Sr. of the Suns at the 1984 NBA All-Star Game. The current champion of the NBA Dunk Contest is Donovan Mitchell of the Utah Jazz. On January 27, 1976 at McNichols Sports Arena during halftime of the 1976 ABA All Star Game the first-ever Slam Dunk Contest was held, which was won by Julius Erving of the New York Nets over David Thompson of the Denver Nuggets, Artis Gilmore of the Kentucky Colonels, and George Gervin and

a windmill over a table. Other noteworthy dunks include a dunk by Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard, who, while making his dunk, stuck a sticker with his smiling face on the backboard a reported 12'6"" from the ground, two and a half feet beyond the regulation NBA rim. On February 16, 2008, the contest was held in New Orleans. Judges for the event included Darryl Dawkins, Dominique Wilkins, Karl Malone, Julius Erving, and Magic Johnson. The title was taken by Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard. Howard's most noteworthy dunk came during the first round, his second dunk overall, when he

the dunk of the contest by jumping teammate Gordon Hayward, catching two balls from Hayward, and dunking it. Terrence Ross won the 2013 Sprite Slam Dunk Contest after a tomahawk dunk in tribute to former Toronto Raptors player Vince Carter, as well as a between-the-legs dunk performed while jumping over a ball boy. Ross took on Jeremy Evans of the Utah Jazz, Eric Bledsoe of the Los Angeles Clippers, Kenneth Faried of the Denver Nuggets, Gerald Green of the Indiana Pacers, and James White of the New York Knicks. Evans advanced to the final round to defend his title of

Toronto Raptors, and Serge Ibaka of the Oklahoma City Thunder all competed against Griffin. Griffin and McGee advanced to the final round, where Griffin stole the show, winning the contest with 68% of the vote. Jeremy Evans won the 2012 Sprite Slam Dunk Contest by performing a dunk over Kevin Hart on February 25 in Orlando, Florida with 29% of the votes. Joining Evans were Chase Budinger of the Houston Rockets, Paul George of the Indiana Pacers, and Derrick Williams of the Minnesota Timberwolves. While George awed the crowd with a dunk with the lights turned off, Evans had perhaps

"2006 Iditarod"
Imus. Jeff King won the XXXIV Iditarod on March 15, at 1:11:36 a.m. for being the first to reach the Burled Arch in Nome. He was awarded USD $69,000 by Wells Fargo, and a 2006 pickup from Anchorage Chrysler Dodge. Only King, Martin Buser, Susan Butcher, and Doug Swingley have won the race four times; and only Rick Swenson has won it five times. At 50 years of age, King also became the oldest musher to win the race. Mike Jayne won the Rookie of the Year Race on March 16 at 3:07:15 a.m. for being the first rookie to

"Spud Webb"
shorter than he was: Earl Boykins and Muggsy Bogues. Webb was the shortest person to compete in the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, winning the event in 1986 at Dallas' Reunion Arena. His participation surprised the media; including his teammate and defending dunk champion Dominique Wilkins, who had ""never seen me dunk before"", Webb said. His dunks included the elevator two-handed double pump dunk, the off-the-backboard one-handed jam, a 360-degree helicopter one-handed dunk, a reverse double-pump slam, and finally, the reverse two-handed strawberry jam from a lob bounce off the floor. He defeated Wilkins with two perfect 50-point scores in the

"Brent Barry"
frame, allowed him to play a variety of positions, including point guard, shooting guard, and small forward; because he was taller than most traditional point guards, he was often considered a point forward when he was running the offense. He was on the San Antonio Spurs championship teams in 2005 and 2007. He won the Slam Dunk Contest in the NBA All-Star Weekend in 1996 with a Julius Erving-inspired slam dunk in which he took off from the free throw line to sail in and dunk one-handed. He was the first caucasian player to win the competition. After being drafted

"Compression release engine brake"
Compression release engine brake A compression release engine brake, frequently called a Jacobs brake or Jake brake, is an engine braking mechanism installed on some diesel engines. When activated, it opens exhaust valves in the cylinders after the compression cycle, releasing the compressed gas trapped in the cylinders, and slowing the vehicle. The term ""Jake brake"", which properly refers to the Jacobs brand of engine brakes, has become a genericized trademark, and is often used to refer to engine brakes or compression release engine brakes in general, especially on large vehicles or heavy equipment. The name is derived from the

Brake
Brake A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Most brakes commonly use friction between two surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat, though other methods of energy conversion may be employed. For example, regenerative braking converts much of the energy to electrical energy, which may be stored for later use. Other methods convert kinetic energy into potential energy in such

brand products. Compression release engine brake A compression release engine brake, frequently called a Jacobs brake or Jake brake, is an engine braking mechanism installed on some diesel engines. When activated, it opens exhaust valves in the cylinders after the compression cycle, releasing the compressed gas trapped in the cylinders, and slowing the vehicle. The term ""Jake brake"", which properly refers to the Jacobs brand of engine brakes, has become a genericized trademark, and is often used to refer to engine brakes or compression release engine brakes in general, especially on large vehicles or heavy equipment. The name is derived

"Drum brake"
Drum brake A drum brake is a brake that uses friction caused by a set of shoes or pads that press outward against a rotating cylinder-shaped part called a brake drum. The term ""drum brake"" usually means a brake in which shoes press on the inner surface of the drum. When shoes press on the outside of the drum, it is usually called a ""clasp brake"". Where the drum is pinched between two shoes, similar to a conventional disc brake, it is sometimes called a ""pinch drum brake"", though such brakes are relatively rare. A related type called a band

Brake
significant parasitic power loss, thus impacting fuel economy and overall vehicle performance. Brake A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Most brakes commonly use friction between two surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat, though other methods of energy conversion may be employed. For example, regenerative braking converts much of the energy to electrical energy, which may be stored for

"Belay device"
apply correctly, though accident statistics show that these incidents are often user-error. An icy, muddy, worn, too-thin of a rope, or possibly other conditions, such as insufficient training and experience, may affect a device's braking function. A Guide Plate, also known as an auto-blocking belay device, is a metal plate with an elongated slot for the bight to go through and then a carabiner is attached so that when pull from the climber occurs the carabiner will be pulled to lock off the device. A similar device to the traditional tubular belay device which has two extra loops; normally situated

"Muzzle brake"
shooter is pushing ""against"" the recoil, effectively reducing the actual amount of recoil on the shooter. Of course, this also means the gases are directed toward the shooter. When the gases are primarily directed upward, the braking is referred to as ""porting"". Porting typically involves precision-drilled ports or holes in the forward top part of the barrel and slide on pistols. These holes divert a portion of the gases expelled prior to the departure of the projectile in a direction that reduces the tendency of the firearm to rise. The concept is an application of Newton's third law; the exhaust

Muzzle brake A muzzle brake or recoil compensator is a device connected to the muzzle of a firearm or cannon that redirects propellant gases to counter recoil and unwanted muzzle rise. The concept was first introduced for artillery and was a common feature on many anti-tank guns, especially those mounted on tanks, in order to reduce the area needed to take up the strokes of recoil and kickback. They have been used in various forms for rifles and pistols to help control recoil and the rising of the barrel that normally occurs after firing. They are used on pistols for

Brake
road wheel. A brake disc (or rotor in U.S. English), usually made of cast iron or ceramic, is connected to the wheel or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted in a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Pumping brakes are often used where a pump is already part of the machinery. For example, an internal-combustion piston motor can have the fuel supply stopped, and then internal pumping losses

"Brake shoe"
Brake shoe A brake shoe is the part of a braking system which carries the brake lining in the drum brakes used on automobiles, or the brake block in train brakes and bicycle brakes. The brake shoe carries the brake lining, which is riveted or glued to the shoe. When the brake is applied, the shoe moves and presses the lining against the inside of the drum. The friction between lining and drum provides the braking effort. Energy is dissipated as heat. Modern cars have disc brakes all round, or discs at the front and drums at the rear. An

"Songs from the Pink Death"
Songs from the Pink Death Songs from the Pink Death is the fourth studio album by composer and producer Kramer, released on February 17, 1998 by Shimmy Disc and Knitting Factory Records. The album features backup musicians including drummer Damon Krukowski of Galaxie 500 and guitarist Sean Eden of Luna. The album is replete with obscure and obvious references (""pink death"" itself referring to the swine flu) such as to ""Sunday Morning"" in ""Don't Come Around"", John Malkovich's character's theory in ""The Convent"" in ""The Opium Wars Have Long Ceased"", and the sample from ""Wipe Out (instrumental)"" in ""The Pink

Melson and recorded by Bill Porter, Orbison's songs turned to introspective and plaintive ballads, and they fully employed his powerful three-octave vocal range backed by more orchestral accompaniment. A recurring musical theme in many of Orbison's songs is a climax in a story that is represented by a raw, emotionally vulnerable confession sung in an ""eerily high falsetto"", according to author Peter Lehman. Orbison was a rare performer; when many rock and roll concerts were accompanied with frenetic performances onstage, Orbison rarely moved. His voice was what got the attention of listeners. k.d. lang, who sang ""Crying"" with him in

"Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (song)"
Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (song) ""Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams"" is a song by the British band Tears for Fears, originally appearing as the B-side to their 1990 single ""Advice for the Young at Heart"" before being remixed and released as a single in its own right in 1991. The remix was later included on the band's B-Side compilation album ""Saturnine Martial & Lunatic"". The song is named after ""Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams"" a short story by Sylvia Plath that was posthumously published in 1977 in a collection of the same name.

"Prayer (Disturbed song)"
them, and are presumably killed. (Steve Kmak is buried under falling debris, Dan Donegan crashes his car, and Mike Wengren is hit by a nearby construction explosion.) At the climax of the music video, Draiman survives an earthquake, and the remaining band members eventually come back to life and congregate with Draiman to play the last chorus. Draiman explains, ""It's like Job being put through trials and tribulations and still coming through unscathed and achieving his redemption."" Upon release, various media outlets refused to air the music video for ""Prayer"", citing its alleged similarities to imagery from the September 11

"Desert Song"
forgotten until the band decided to commit the song for ""Retro Active"". On a day off during their 7 Day Weekend Tour, Elliott composed lyrics whilst listening to the track. Elliott assembled the band and remains the only Def Leppard song to feature both Clark's guitar playing and Clark's successor Vivian Campbell on background vocals, although Campbell's contributions are uncredited in the ""Retro Active"" liner notes. Lyrically the song is about Mick Ronson who was dying of cancer at the time. It told the story of a man facing death alone. Desert Song ""Desert Song"" is a song by British

"Wake Up Everybody (song)"
Wake Up Everybody (song) ""Wake Up Everybody"" is an R&B song written by John Whitehead, Gene McFadden and Victor Carstarphen. Originally recorded by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, with Teddy Pendergrass singing lead vocals, the song had a somewhat unconventional structure, starting subdued and building slowly to a climax. The title track from their 1975 album, the song spent two weeks at number one on the Hot Soul Singles chart in early 1976. It also enjoyed success on the pop charts, peaking at number 12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, number 34 Easy Listening, and number 23 in

"Dreams Never End"
lead vocalist. All three male members were in contention, but since Bernard Sumner's voice sounded significantly different from Curtis' voice, the other members opted for him to take the role, wanting New Order's sound to be distinct from Joy Division's. Although Sumner became the lead vocalist, bassist Peter Hook sings the lead vocals on this song and on the album's seventh track, ""Doubts Even Here"". The song's title is a possible play on the opening line of the Joy Division song ""Insight"" (from their 1979 album, ""Unknown Pleasures"") which is ""Guess your dreams always end"". The song is featured in

"Steve Abel"
relinquished their drill permits in December 2012. Abel has publicly advocated for peaceful civil disobedience as a means to resisting the oil industry and achieving political action to address climate change. He currently resides in Auckland. Steve Abel Steve Abel (born January 1970) is a New Zealand singer-songwriter and environmental activist. Abel contributed his song ""Hospice for Destitute Lovers,"" and voice, as the character of Gert, to Florian Habicht's art-noir feature film ""Woodenhead"" (2003). His debut album ""Little Death"", recorded by Nick Abbott at Montage Studios in Grey Lynn, garnered favourable reviews when released in February 2006. It featured a

reaching number 70 on the UK Singles Chart. Although still a Tears for Fears track, the Fluke remix single was credited only as ""Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams"". The cover of the single features a still photo of Keir Dullea as David Bowman from the movie """". Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (song) ""Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams"" is a song by the British band Tears for Fears, originally appearing as the B-side to their 1990 single ""Advice for the Young at Heart"" before being remixed and released as a single in its own

Steve Abel Steve Abel (born January 1970) is a New Zealand singer-songwriter and environmental activist. Abel contributed his song ""Hospice for Destitute Lovers,"" and voice, as the character of Gert, to Florian Habicht's art-noir feature film ""Woodenhead"" (2003). His debut album ""Little Death"", recorded by Nick Abbott at Montage Studios in Grey Lynn, garnered favourable reviews when released in February 2006. It featured a “Kiwi supergroup” of notable New Zealand musicians including Geoff Maddock of Goldenhorse and Bressa Creeting Cake; Mike Hall and Milan Borich of Pluto; and Gareth Thomas of Goodshirt; and guest vocals by Kirsten Morell, also of

who established the idea that microorganisms play a role in disease

Microorganism
which he called the unseen creatures animalcules, and warns against locating a homestead near a swamp: In ""The Canon of Medicine"" (1020), Avicenna suggested that tuberculosis and other diseases might be contagious. Akshamsaddin (Turkish scientist) mentioned the microbe in his work ""Maddat ul-Hayat"" (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior to Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek's discovery through experimentation: In 1546, Girolamo Fracastoro proposed that epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or even without contact over long distances. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is considered to be the father of microbiology. He

Microorganism A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book ""On Agriculture"" by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that

a curved tube so dust particles would settle and not come in contact with the broth. By boiling the broth beforehand, Pasteur ensured that no microorganisms survived within the broths at the beginning of his experiment. Nothing grew in the broths in the course of Pasteur's experiment. This meant that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on dust, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. Thus, Pasteur dealt the death blow to the theory of spontaneous generation and supported the germ theory of disease. In 1876, Robert Koch (1843–1910) established that microorganisms can

plague agent itself. The field of bacteriology (later a subdiscipline of microbiology) was founded in the 19th century by Ferdinand Cohn, a botanist whose studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria led him to describe several bacteria including ""Bacillus"" and ""Beggiatoa"". Cohn was also the first to formulate a scheme for the taxonomic classification of bacteria, and to discover endospores. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch were contemporaries of Cohn, and are often considered to be the father of microbiology and medical microbiology, respectively. Pasteur is most famous for his series of experiments designed to disprove the then widely held theory of

The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch. The existence of microorganisms was hypothesized for many centuries before their actual discovery. The

are said to be born in clusters; they live everywhere, including the bodies of plants, animals, and people; and their life lasts only for fraction of a second. According to the Jain leader Mahavira, the humans destroy these nigodas on a massive scale, when they eat, breathe, sit and move. Many modern Jains assert that Mahavira's teachings presage the existence of microorganisms as discovered by modern science. The earliest known idea to indicate the possibility of diseases spreading by yet unseen organisms was that of the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in a 1st-century BC book titled ""On Agriculture"" in

the evolution of the apes, and there's a lot more stories to tell after this. I imagine the next film will be about the all-out war between the apes and humans."" Mark Bomback did an uncredited rewrite of the script. Filming began in July 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Filming also happened in San Francisco, California (the primary setting of the film), and around Oahu, Hawaii, which doubled for the African jungle as the schedule and budget did not allow for location shooting in Africa. As the apes in ""Rise"" were meant to be actual apes, the producers decided not

fully digital animals animated using Weta's move library. The Golden Gate Bridge set used both a physical set which was extended digitally, and a fully computer-generated model of the bridge that also included the ocean and nearby hills. After shooting the actors playing humans interacting with others wearing the motion capture suits, a clean plate was shot with actors for extra reference. Actor-stuntman Terry Notary guided the actors on realistic ape movement, while Weta studied the chimps in the Wellington Zoo for reference. The digital apes also received detailed models with skeletons, muscles and nerve tissue layers for accurate animation.

the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes. Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans. Like ""Rise"", visual effects for ""Dawn"" were done by Weta Digital. In addition to the apes, Weta created other digital animals, such as a herd of elk, a grizzly bear, and CG doubles of the live horses. The elk were created using key-frame animation and the digital crowd enhancement software MASSIVE, the bear through key-frame animation, and the horses with

Rise of the Planet of the Apes Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, David Oyelowo, and Andy Serkis. Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Fox's reboot of the ""Planet of the Apes"" series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series of films. Its premise is similar to the fourth film in the original series, ""Conquest of the Planet of the Apes"" (1972), but it is not a

"Valley of the Kings (film)"
Additional filming took place over the next five weeks in El Segundo, California and at MGM's studios. Eleanor Parker recalled the film as the most difficult experience she ever had making a movie: [It] was simply a dreadful nightmare. We had a terrible producer who made no accommodations for the company or crew on location. We were in Egypt, out in the desert filming, with no sanitary facilities, no dressing rooms to speak of, it was unbelievable. Robert Taylor and I had to use the bathrooms with the locals, hiding behind coats. Additionally, the director (Robert Pirosh) had no idea

when was the first underwater cable laid beneath the english channel

"Submarine communications cable"
that it should be employed to cover the wire which was proposed to be laid from Dover to Calais. It was tried on a wire laid across the Rhine between Deutz and Cologne. In 1849, C.V. Walker, electrician to the South Eastern Railway, submerged a two-mile wire coated with gutta-percha off the coast from Folkestone, which was tested successfully. Having earlier obtained a concession from the French government, in August 1850 John Watkins Brett's Anglo-French Telegraph Company laid the first line across the English Channel, using the converted tug ""Goliath"". It was simply a copper wire coated with gutta-percha, without

"English Channel"
latter part of the 19th century when Captain Matthew Webb made the first observed and unassisted swim across the Strait of Dover, swimming from England to France on 24–25 August 1875 in 21 hours 45 minutes. In 1927, at a time when fewer than ten swimmers (including the first woman, Gertrude Ederle in 1926) had managed to emulate the feat and many dubious claims were being made, the Channel Swimming Association (CSA) was founded to authenticate and ratify swimmers' claims to have swum the Channel and to verify crossing times. The CSA was dissolved in 1999 and was succeeded by

link from Dover to Ostend in Belgium, by the Submarine Telegraph Company. Meanwhile, the Electric & International Telegraph Company completed two cables across the North Sea, from Orford Ness to Scheveningen, The Netherlands. These cables were laid by the ""Monarch"", a paddle steamer which later became the first vessel with permanent cable-laying equipment. In 1858 the steamship ""Elba"" was used to lay a telegraph cable from Jersey to Guernsey, on to Alderney and then to Weymouth The cable being completed successfully in September of that year. Problems soon developed with eleven breaks occurring by 1860 due to storms, tidal and

"History of underwater diving"
100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, sank undergoing routine maintenance work in 1782. Charles Spalding used a diving bell to recover six iron 12-pounder guns and nine brass 12-pounders in the same year. In 1839 Major-General Charles Pasley, at the time a Colonel of the Royal Engineers, commenced operations. He had previously destroyed some old wrecks in the Thames and intended to break up the ""Royal George"" with gunpowder charges and then salvage as much as possible using divers. The Deane brothers were commissioned to perform salvage work on the wreck. Using their new air-pumped diving

any other protection, and was not successful. The experiment served to secure renewal of the concession, and in September 1851, a protected core, or true, cable was laid by the reconstituted Submarine Telegraph Company from a government hulk, the ""Blazer"", which was towed across the Channel. In 1853 further successful cables were laid, linking Great Britain with Ireland, Belgium and the Netherlands, and crossing The Belts in Denmark. The British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company completed the first successful Irish link on May 23 between Portpatrick and Donaghadee using the collier ""William Hutt"". The same ship was used for the

abruptly pulled him to the surface. The Fleuss apparatus was first used under operational conditions in 1880 by the lead diver on the Severn Tunnel construction project, who was able to travel in the darkness to close several submerged sluice doors in the tunnel; this had defeated the best efforts of hard hat divers due to the danger of their air supply hoses becoming fouled on submerged debris, and the strong water currents in the workings. Fleuss continually improved his apparatus, adding a demand regulator and tanks capable of holding greater amounts of oxygen at higher pressure. Sir Robert Davis,

"History of the British canal system"
the rivers Severn, Witham, Trent and Yorkshire Ouse. The first Act for navigational improvement in England was in 1425, for improvement of the river Lea, a major tributary of the River Thames. In the post-medieval period, some natural waterways were ""canalised"" or improved for boat traffic in the 16th century. The first Act of Parliament was obtained by the City of Canterbury in 1515, to extend navigation on the River Stour in Kent, followed by the River Exe in 1539, which led to the construction in 1566 of a new channel, the Exeter Canal. Simple flash locks were provided to

"Electrical telegraph"
in 1850, connecting the two countries and was followed by connections to Ireland and the Low Countries. The Atlantic Telegraph Company was formed in London in 1856 to undertake to construct a commercial telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean. It was successfully completed on 18 July 1866 by the ship SS ""Great Eastern"", captained by Sir James Anderson after many mishaps along the away. Earlier transatlantic submarine cables installations were attempted in 1857, 1858 and 1865. The 1857 cable only operated intermittently for a few days or weeks before it failed. The study of underwater telegraph cables accelerated interest in

merits of gutta-percha as an insulator, and in 1845, the latter suggested that it should be employed to cover the wire which was proposed to be laid from Dover to Calais. It was tried on a wire laid across the Rhine between Deutz and Cologne. In 1849, C.V. Walker, electrician to the South Eastern Railway, submerged a two-mile wire coated with gutta-percha off the coast from Folkestone, which was tested successfully. John Watkins Brett, an engineer from Bristol, sought and obtained permission from Louis-Philippe in 1847 to establish telegraphic communication between France and England. The first undersea cable was laid

to concentrate on removing the hull timbers rather than search for guns. Other items recovered, in 1840, included the surgeon's brass instruments, silk garments of satin weave ""of which the silk was perfect"", and pieces of leather; but no woollen clothing. By 1843 the whole of the keel and the bottom timbers had been raised and the site was declared clear. A drawback to the equipment pioneered by Deane and Siebe was the requirement for a constant supply of air pumped from the surface. This restricted the movements and range of the diver and was also potentially hazardous as the

"Balls to the Wall (song)"
Balls to the Wall (song) ""Balls to the Wall"" is a song by German heavy metal band Accept. The song was released as the lead single from their 1983 fifth studio album of the same name. The anthemic title track is the album's best known song, and became Accept's signature song, for which a music video was shot that received American airplay on MTV. Asked about the meaning of the song, guitarist Wolf Hoffmann replied: Filmed in January 1984 in London, the song's music video consists of clips of the band performing the song onstage intercut with scenes of a

"Balls to the Wall"
Balls to the Wall Balls to the Wall is the fifth studio album by German heavy metal band Accept. European label Lark Records released the album in December 1983, but its United States release was delayed until a month later in January 1984 as to not compete with the band's then-current album ""Restless and Wild"", which had arrived in the US in early 1983. It is Accept's only record to attain Gold certification in the US. The album's title track became Accept's signature tune and remains a metal anthem and trademark in the genre. Some of the album's success can

"Great Balls of Fire"
Great Balls of Fire ""Great Balls of Fire"" is a 1957 popular song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis on Sun Records and featured in the 1957 movie ""Jamboree"". It was written by Otis Blackwell and Jack Hammer. The Jerry Lee Lewis 1957 recording was ranked as the 96th greatest song ever by ""Rolling Stone"". The song is in AABA form. The song sold one million copies in its first 10 days of release in the United States and sold over five million copies, making it both one of the best-selling singles in the United States, as well as one of

Knox, and Dick Clark. The recording was also released in the UK on London Records. Great Balls of Fire ""Great Balls of Fire"" is a 1957 popular song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis on Sun Records and featured in the 1957 movie ""Jamboree"". It was written by Otis Blackwell and Jack Hammer. The Jerry Lee Lewis 1957 recording was ranked as the 96th greatest song ever by ""Rolling Stone"". The song is in AABA form. The song sold one million copies in its first 10 days of release in the United States and sold over five million copies, making it

"Off the Wall (Michael Jackson song)"
Off the Wall (Michael Jackson song) ""Off the Wall"" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, from his fifth album of the same name (1979). It was written by English songwriter Rod Temperton and produced by Quincy Jones, and released as the album's third single on February 2, 1980, by Epic Records. The song was first offered to Karen Carpenter, while she was working on her first solo album, but she turned it down. Lyrically, the song is about getting over troubles. It was well received by music critics, and became Jackson's third top 10 single from ""Off the

the world got the other remix running 4:01. Off the Wall (Michael Jackson song) ""Off the Wall"" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, from his fifth album of the same name (1979). It was written by English songwriter Rod Temperton and produced by Quincy Jones, and released as the album's third single on February 2, 1980, by Epic Records. The song was first offered to Karen Carpenter, while she was working on her first solo album, but she turned it down. Lyrically, the song is about getting over troubles. It was well received by music critics, and became

"The Wall (1957 song)"
The Wall (1957 song) ""The Wall"" is a popular song, written by Oramay Diamond, Clyde Otis, and Dave Dreyer. It was most successfully popularized by Patti Page in 1957. The Page recording was issued by Mercury Records as catalog number 71059, (the flip side of ""A Poor Man's Roses (or a Rich Man's Gold)"") and first reached the Billboard chart on March 6, 1957, lasting 6 weeks and peaking at #43. Other 1957 recordings were made by Eileen Rodgers as Columbia Records catalog number 40850 (which peaked at #64), and by Brook Benton as Epic Records 9199. Shirley Bassey recorded

the world's best-selling singles of all time. The song is best known for Jerry Lee Lewis's original recording, which was recorded in the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on October 8, 1957, using three personnel: Lewis (piano/vocals), Sidney Stokes (bass), and a session drummer, name unknown, instead of the usual Sun backups Jimmy Van Eaton (drums) and Roland Janes (guitar). Lewis was quoted in the book ""JLL: His Own Story"" by Rick Bragg, (pg 133), as saying ""I knew Sidney Stokes but I didnt know him that well either, and I don't know what happened to them people. That's the

a phenomenon of society that needs to be taken as such. For a long time gay people have been considered as sick or insane. And yet, it's time to respect these people, open our minds which are often closed."" Hoffman's wife, lyricist Gaby Hauke also denied these controversies and accusations concerning the gay issue: ""Let me answer this and (the next) question in one, ok? I have been very rebellious and by no means I would have written anything 'normal'! Never! The sexual question about the context of certain lyrics are mind games and pure interpretation from outsiders. This is

It was also the band's first album to chart in Germany, where it peaked at number 59. Balls to the Wall Balls to the Wall is the fifth studio album by German heavy metal band Accept. European label Lark Records released the album in December 1983, but its United States release was delayed until a month later in January 1984 as to not compete with the band's then-current album ""Restless and Wild"", which had arrived in the US in early 1983. It is Accept's only record to attain Gold certification in the US. The album's title track became Accept's signature

"Wreck-It Ralph"
Wreck-It Ralph Wreck-It Ralph is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 52nd Disney animated feature film. The film was directed by Rich Moore, who also directed episodes of ""The Simpsons"" and ""Futurama"", and the screenplay was written by Phil Johnston and Jennifer Lee from a story by Moore, Johnston, and Jim Reardon. John Lasseter served as the executive producer. The film features the voices of John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer and Jane Lynch and tells the story of the eponymous arcade game

planned. Moore also hopes to specifically include an appearance from Mario, citing a ""good relationship with Nintendo"". On June 30, 2016, Walt Disney Animation Studios announced that the sequel would be released on March 9, 2018, with John C. Reilly, Rich Moore, and writer Phil Johnston attached. John C. Reilly and Sarah Silverman will reprise their roles as Wreck-It Ralph and Vanellope von Schweetz, respectively. The plot will focus on ""Ralph leaving the arcade and wrecking the Internet"". In April 2017, the sequel was pushed to November 21, 2018 due to ""A Wrinkle in Time"" taking over its date. Wreck-It

Kano from ""Mortal Kombat"") and Martin Jarvis as Saitine, a devil-like villain, who attends the Bad-Anon support group; Tucker Gilmore as the ""Sugar Rush"" Announcer; Brandon Scott as Kohut, a soldier in ""Hero's Duty""; and Tim Mertens as Dr. Brad Scott, a scientist and Sgt. Calhoun's deceased fiancé in ""Hero's Duty"" (voiced by Nick Grimshaw in the UK version but not in the UK home release). The film features several cameos from real-world video game characters including: Root Beer Tapper (Maurice LaMarche), the bartender from ""Tapper""; Sonic the Hedgehog (Roger Craig Smith); Ryu (Kyle Hebert), Ken Masters (Reuben Langdon), M.

The cast also includes the ""Fix-It Felix Jr."" Nicelanders, Edie McClurg as Mary, Raymond S. Persi as Mayor Gene, Jess Harnell as Don, Rachael Harris as Deanna, and Skylar Astin as Roy; Katie Lowes as Candlehead, Jamie Elman as Rancis Fluggerbutter, Josie Trinidad as Jubileena Bing-Bing, and Cymbre Walk as Crumbelina DiCaramello, racers in ""Sugar Rush""; Phil Johnston as Surge Protector, Game Central Station security; Stefanie Scott as Moppet Girl, a young arcade-game player; John DiMaggio as Beard Papa, the security guard at the ""Sugar Rush"" candy-kart factory; Raymond Persi as a Zombie, Brian Kesinger as a Cyborg (based on

"Crash (2004 film)"
Farhad as ""Osama."" Farhad is then commanded to leave the store and Dorri becomes responsible for the choice. The next scene depicts two black men, Anthony, Ludacris, and Peter, carjacking District Attorney Rick and his wife Jean, played by Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock. Later, at the couple's house, Hispanic locksmith Michael Peña overhears Jean degrading him for his tattoos and dress. John Ryan, Matt Dillon, and his partner Tom Hansen, Ryan Phillippe, later pull over an SUV being driven by director Cameron Thayer, Terrence Howard, and his wife Christine, Thandie Newton. After mouthing off, Christine is sexually assaulted by

"The Crash (2017 film)"
faith he will develop into an extraordinary filmmaker, and I was happy to be able to nurture that talent.” said Shor. On October 29, 2013, ""Variety"" announced that Frank Grillo and Minnie Driver will be starring in ""A Conspiracy on Jekyll Island"" as a married couple; Dianna Agron, John Leguizamo, Ed Westwick, and Maggie Q will be joining them. On November 25, 2013, ""Deadline Hollywood"" reported that AnnaSophia Robb will be portraying the duo's character cancer-stricken daughter. On December 2, 2014, ""Variety"" reported that Mary McCormack had been added to the ensemble. Rappaport admitted that Agron's character is a ""total

Bison (Gerald C. Rivers), and Zangief (Rich Moore) from """"; Clyde (Kevin Deters) from ""Pac-Man""; and Yuni Verse (Jamie Sparer Roberts) from ""Dance Dance Revolution"". A character modeled after dubstep musician Skrillex makes an appearance in the fictional ""Fix-It Felix Jr."" as the DJ at the anniversary party of the game. In addition to the spoken roles, ""Wreck-It Ralph"" contains a number of other video game references, including characters and visual gags. The video game villains at the support meeting, in addition to those mentioned above, include Bowser from the ""Mario"" franchise, Doctor Eggman from ""Sonic the Hedgehog"", and Neff

A mobile game titled ""Wreck-it Ralph"" was released in November 2012 for iOS and Android systems, with a Windows Phone 8 version following almost a year later. Initially, the game consisted of three mini-games, ""Fix-it Felix Jr."", ""Hero's Duty"" and ""Sweet Climber"", which were later joined by ""Turbo Time"" and ""Hero's Duty: Flight Command"". The game was retired on August 29, 2014. Ralph also appears in Sega's ""Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed"" as a playable guest character. Ralph and Vanellope appear as playable characters in ""Disney Infinity"" as well (voiced by Brian T. Delaney and Sarah Silverman, respectively); the Disney

and console gaming. Moore stated that many of the crew and voice cast are open to the sequel, believing that they have ""barely scratched the surface"" of the video game world they envisioned. He also stated that he plans to include Mario and Tron in the sequel. In a 2014 interview, the film's composer Henry Jackman said that a story for the sequel is being written. In July 2015, John C. Reilly said he had signed on to reprise his role of Ralph in a projected sequel. On March 24, 2016, Rich Moore stated that a sequel is still being

Atlantic"" found it ""overplotted and underdeveloped."" The film's score was composed by Henry Jackman. The soundtrack also features original songs by Owl City, AKB48, Skrillex with the remix Noisia, and Buckner & Garcia. Early in the development process, Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote an original song for the film; it was later cut out. In addition to the Flash version of the ""Fix-It Felix Jr."" game, Disney released a tie-in side-scrolling platform game called ""Wreck-It Ralph"" for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Nintendo DS, to mostly negative reviews. The arcade style side-scrolling game was produced in collaboration between Disney

what was the purpose of a revival meeting during the second great awakening

"Second Great Awakening"
These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues. The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events. The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis of the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, restored by

an even larger sacrament occasion was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky under Barton Stone, attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people. Numerous Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist ministers participated in the services. Thanks to such leaders as Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) and Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival became a major mode of church expansion for the Methodists and Baptists. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church emerged in Kentucky. Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the Restoration Movement. This was made up of non-denominational churches committed to what they saw as the original, fundamental Christianity of the

a sense of personal salvation. Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly. Calvinists emphasized the inability of men to save themselves. The only way to be saved was by God's electing grace. The Revival of 1800 in Logan County, Kentucky, began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. The first informal camp meeting began there in June, when people began camping on the grounds of the Red River Meeting House. Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy River congregations, all three under the ministry of James McGready. One year later,

Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the supernatural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment. The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations.

previously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play. Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the supernatural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the

with its Scottish Presbyterian roots. Most of the Scots-Irish immigrants before the American Revolutionary War settled in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and down the spine of the Appalachian Mountains. These denominations were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater in the South, where an increasing number of common planters, plain folk, and slaves were converted. In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings.

South, such as Charleston, South Carolina, and Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia. With the growth in congregations and churches, Baptist associations formed in Virginia, for instance, as well as Kentucky and other states. The revival also inspired slaves to demand freedom. In 1800, out of African American revival meetings in Virginia, a plan for slave rebellion was devised by Gabriel Prosser, although the rebellion was discovered and crushed before it started. Despite white attempts to control independent African American congregations, especially after the Nat Turner Uprising of 1831, a number of African American congregations managed to maintain their separation as independent

because of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region. Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term. Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State, the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest, and the country as a whole, the religiosity of the Burned-over District was typical rather than exceptional. On the American Frontier, evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry, which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists. Revivalists' techniques were based on the camp meeting,

many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Mormons, Baptists and Shakers. Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period: The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening. While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. Stone. The Southern phase of the Awakening ""was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform

half century earlier, the Second reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural. It rejected the skepticism, deism, and rationalism left over from the Enlightenment. At about the same time, similar movements flourished in Europe. Pietism was sweeping German countries. Evangelicalism was waxing strong in England. The Second Great Awakening occurred in several episodes and over different denominations; however, the revivals were very similar. As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries, and the movement quickly spread throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and southern Ohio. Each denomination had assets that

"Kraków"
to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a dragon, Smok Wawelski. The first written record of the city's name dates back to 965, when Kraków was described as a notable commercial centre controlled first by Moravia (876–879), but captured by a Bohemian duke Boleslaus I in 955. The first acclaimed ruler of Poland, Mieszko I, took Kraków from the Bohemians and incorporated it into the holdings of the Piast dynasty towards the end of his reign. In 1038, Kraków became the seat of the Polish government. By the end of the 10th century, the

"Kraków"
Kraków Kraków (, ; ), also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It

"History of Kraków"
History of Kraków Kraków (Cracow) is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 756,441 (2008). Situated on the Vistula river () in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1596, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918, and the capital of Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The earliest known settlement on the present site of Kraków was established on Wawel Hill,

"Kraków"
In 1572, King Sigismund II, the last of the Jagiellons, died childless. The Polish throne passed to Henry III of France and then to other foreign-based rulers in rapid succession, causing a decline in the city's importance that was worsened by pillaging during the Swedish invasion and by an outbreak of bubonic plague that left 20,000 of the city's residents dead. In 1596, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa moved the administrative capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from Kraków to Warsaw. Already weakened during the 18th century, by the mid-1790s the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth had twice been partitioned by its

"Kraków"
the Mongols. A third attack in 1287 was repelled thanks in part to the new built fortifications. In 1335, King Casimir III of Poland (Kazimierz in Polish) declared the two western suburbs to be a new city named after him, Kazimierz (""Casimiria"" in Latin). The defensive walls were erected around the central section of Kazimierz in 1362, and a plot was set aside for the Augustinian order next to Skałka. The city rose to prominence in 1364, when Casimir III of Poland founded the University of Kraków, the second oldest university in central Europe after the Charles University in Prague.

construction of the country's largest steel mill in the suburb of Nowa Huta. This was regarded by some as an attempt to diminish the influence of Kraków's intellectual and artistic heritage by industrialization of the city and by attracting to it the new working class. The city is regarded by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. In 1978, UNESCO placed Kraków on the list of World Heritage Sites. In the same year, on October 16, 1978, Kraków's archbishop, Karol Wojtyła, was elevated to the papacy as John Paul II, the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Kraków's population

of the 10th century, the city was a leading center of trade. Brick buildings were being constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle with the Rotunda of Sts. Felix and Adauctus, Romanesque churches, a cathedral, and a basilica. Sometime after 1042, Casimir I the Restorer made Kraków the seat of the Polish government. In 1079 on a hillock in nearby Skałka, the Bishop of Kraków, Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, was slain by the order of the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous. In 1138, the Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth came into effect upon his death. It divided Poland into five

"Kraków"
(then written as ""Grakch"") dates back to 1190, although the town existed as early as the 7th century, inhabited by the tribe of Vistulans. The city's full official name is , which can be translated as ""Royal Capital City of Kraków"". In English, a person born or living in Kraków is a Cracovian (). While in the 1990s the English version of the name was often written Cracow, the most widespread modern English version is Krakow. Kraków's early history begins with evidence of a Stone Age settlement on the present site of the Wawel Hill. A legend attributes Kraków's founding

"Kraków"
began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of about 770,000, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius of its main square. After the invasion of Poland by the Nazi Regime at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt

of the First World War, and thousands of residents left the city for Moravia and other safer locales, generally returning in the spring and summer of 1915. During the war Polish Legions led by Józef Piłsudski set out to fight for the liberation of Poland, in alliance with Austrian and German troops. The Austro-Hungarian and German Empires lost the war, but the terms of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) established the first sovereign Polish state in over a century. Between the two World Wars Kraków was also a major Jewish cultural and religious center (see: Synagogues of Kraków), with the

Nuclear fission In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei). The fission process often produces free neutrons and gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann, and explained theoretically in January 1939 by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Frisch named the process by analogy

only over relatively short ranges (a few nucleon diameters), since it follows an exponentially decaying Yukawa potential which makes it insignificant at longer distances. The electrostatic repulsion is of longer range, since it decays by an inverse-square rule, so that nuclei larger than about 12 nucleons in diameter reach a point that the total electrostatic repulsion overcomes the nuclear force and causes them to be spontaneously unstable. For the same reason, larger nuclei (more than about eight nucleons in diameter) are less tightly bound per unit mass than are smaller nuclei; breaking a large nucleus into two or more intermediate-sized

the mass of the original fuel nucleus (M). The excess mass Δm = M – Mp is the invariant mass of the energy that is released as photons (gamma rays) and kinetic energy of the fission fragments, according to the mass-energy equivalence formula ""E"" = ""mc"". The variation in specific binding energy with atomic number is due to the interplay of the two fundamental forces acting on the component nucleons (protons and neutrons) that make up the nucleus. Nuclei are bound by an attractive nuclear force between nucleons, which overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons. However, the nuclear force acts

have manually shut them down (for this reason, designer Enrico Fermi included radiation-counter-triggered control rods, suspended by electromagnets, which could automatically drop into the center of Chicago Pile-1). If these delayed neutrons are captured without producing fissions, they produce heat as well. In fission there is a preference to yield fragments with even proton numbers, which is called the odd-even effect on the fragments' charge distribution. However, no odd-even effect is observed on fragment mass number distribution. This result is attributed to nucleon pair breaking. In nuclear fission events the nuclei may break into any combination of lighter nuclei, but

the smallest of these may range from so small a charge and mass as a proton (Z=1), to as large a fragment as argon (Z=18). The most common small fragments, however, are composed of 90% helium-4 nuclei with more energy than alpha particles from alpha decay (so-called ""long range alphas"" at ~ 16 MeV), plus helium-6 nuclei, and tritons (the nuclei of tritium). The ternary process is less common, but still ends up producing significant helium-4 and tritium gas buildup in the fuel rods of modern nuclear reactors. The fission of a heavy nucleus requires a total input energy of

notably suggested in print in 1934 that instead of creating a new, heavier element 93, that ""it is conceivable that the nucleus breaks up into several large fragments."" However, Noddack's conclusion was not pursued at the time. After the Fermi publication, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann began performing similar experiments in Berlin. Meitner, an Austrian Jew, lost her citizenship with the ""Anschluss"", the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in March 1938, but she fled in July 1938 to Sweden and started a correspondence by mail with Hahn in Berlin. By coincidence, her nephew Otto Robert

heat as the particles and gamma rays collide with the atoms that make up the reactor and its working fluid, usually water or occasionally heavy water or molten salts. When a uranium nucleus fissions into two daughter nuclei fragments, about 0.1 percent of the mass of the uranium nucleus appears as the fission energy of ~200 MeV. For uranium-235 (total mean fission energy 202.79 MeV), typically ~169 MeV appears as the kinetic energy of the daughter nuclei, which fly apart at about 3% of the speed of light, due to Coulomb repulsion. Also, an average of 2.5 neutrons are emitted,

as a prompt result of fission. The total ""prompt fission"" energy amounts to about 181 MeV, or ~ 89% of the total energy which is eventually released by fission over time. The remaining ~ 11% is released in beta decays which have various half-lives, but begin as a process in the fission products immediately; and in delayed gamma emissions associated with these beta decays. For example, in uranium-235 this delayed energy is divided into about 6.5 MeV in betas, 8.8 MeV in antineutrinos (released at the same time as the betas), and finally, an additional 6.3 MeV in delayed gamma

about 7 to 8 million electron volts (MeV) to initially overcome the nuclear force which holds the nucleus into a spherical or nearly spherical shape, and from there, deform it into a two-lobed (""peanut"") shape in which the lobes are able to continue to separate from each other, pushed by their mutual positive charge, in the most common process of binary fission (two positively charged fission products + neutrons). Once the nuclear lobes have been pushed to a critical distance, beyond which the short range strong force can no longer hold them together, the process of their separation proceeds from

English physicist James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in Rome studied the results of bombarding uranium with neutrons in 1934. Fermi concluded that his experiments had created new elements with 93 and 94 protons, which the group dubbed ausonium and hesperium. However, not all were convinced by Fermi's analysis of his results, though he would win the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"". The German chemist Ida Noddack

glycogen and amylopectin are long chains of which simple sugar(s)

Glycogen
energy reserves of triglycerides (lipids). As such it is also found as storage reserve in many parasitic protozoa. Glycogen is a branched biopolymer consisting of linear chains of glucose residues with an average chain length of approximately 8–12 glucose units. Glucose units are linked together linearly by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds from one glucose to the next. Branches are linked to the chains from which they are branching off by α(1→6) glycosidic bonds between the first glucose of the new branch and a glucose on the stem chain. Due to the way glycogen is synthesised, every glycogen granule has at its

Glycal
discovered his mistake, the name “glycal” was adopted as a general name for all sugars with a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2. Glycals can be formed as pyranose (six-membered) or furanose (five-membered) rings, depending on the monosaccharide used as a starting material to synthesize the glycal. Glycals can also be classified as ""endo""-glycals or ""exo""-glycals. A glycal is an endo-glycal when the double bond is within the ring. If the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 has been replaced with another carbon atom, a double bond can also form outside the ring between carbon 1 and this new

"Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism"
carbohydrates from fatty acids or two-carbon precursors which enter the system as acetyl-coenzyme A. Its crucial enzymes are isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. However, alternate pathways have been proposed in organisms lacking isocitrate lyase. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates. Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these terms can be used almost interchangeably, as the gain or loss of a hydrogen ion is all that distinguishes them, and this can occur in the aqueous

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates. Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these terms can be used almost interchangeably, as the gain or loss of a hydrogen ion is all that distinguishes them, and this can occur in the aqueous environment at any time. Likewise dicarboxylates are the conjugate bases of dicarboxylic acids, a general class of organic compounds containing two carboxylic acid groups, such as oxalic acid or succinic acid. A compact graphical

Polysaccharide
plants, and is sometimes referred to as ""animal starch"", having a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen is a polymer of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds linked, with α(1→6)-linked branches. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle. Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden need for glucose, but one that is less compact and more immediately available as an energy reserve than triglycerides (lipids). In the liver hepatocytes, glycogen can compose

Glycogen
of blood glucose in fasted, sedentary individuals. Glycogen is the analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy storage in plants. It has a structure similar to amylopectin (a component of starch), but is more extensively branched and compact than starch. Both are white powders in their dry state. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle. Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden need for glucose, but one that is less compact than the

Glycogen
the glycogen chain using UDP-glucose, adding α(1→4)-bonded glucose to the reducing end of the glycogen chain. The glycogen branching enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a terminal fragment of six or seven glucose residues from a nonreducing end to the C-6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue deeper into the interior of the glycogen molecule. The branching enzyme can act upon only a branch having at least 11 residues, and the enzyme may transfer to the same glucose chain or adjacent glucose chains. Glycogen is cleaved from the nonreducing ends of the chain by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase to produce monomers

Glycogen
Glycogen Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in humans, animals, fungi, and bacteria. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. Glycogen functions as one of two forms of long-term energy reserves, with the other form being triglyceride stores in adipose tissue (i.e., body fat). In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and skeletal muscle. In the liver, glycogen can make up from 5–6% of the organ's fresh weight and the liver of an adult weighing 70 kg can

can be digested by breaking the ""alpha-""linkages (glycosidic bonds). Both humans and other animals have amylases, so they can digest starches. Potato, rice, wheat, and maize are major sources of starch in the human diet. The formations of starches are the ways that plants store glucose. Glycogen serves as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach. Glycogen is analogous to starch, a glucose polymer in

Sugar
occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor. Fructose, galactose, and glucose are all simple sugars, monosaccharides, with the general formula CHO. They have five hydroxyl groups (−OH) and a carbonyl group (C=O) and are cyclic when dissolved in water. They each exist as several isomers with dextro- and laevo-rotatory forms that cause polarized light to diverge to the right or the left. Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are all compound sugars, disaccharides, with the general formula CHO. They are formed by the combination of two monosaccharide molecules with the exclusion of a molecule of water.

"Kaley Cuoco"
Kaley Cuoco Kaley Christine Cuoco ( ; ; born November 30, 1985) is an American actress and producer. After a series of supporting film and television roles in the late 1990s, she landed her breakthrough role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom ""8 Simple Rules"", on which she starred from 2002 to 2005. Thereafter, Cuoco appeared as Billie Jenkins on the final season of the television series ""Charmed"" (2005–2006). Since 2007, she has starred as Penny on the CBS sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"", for which she has received Satellite, Critics' Choice, and People's Choice Awards. Cuoco's film work

"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)"
Penny (The Big Bang Theory) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Penny's lack of advanced education, but outgoing personality and social aptitude drastically contrasts with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series, even though she is considered part of their group. She is the love interest of Leonard, with whom

the potential to be a bimbo, but she [Cucco] has developed it into a fully fleshed-out woman, who isn't as book-smart as the other characters but is wiser in so many ways. She's also a great straight person, who can get off zingers of her own"". Penny (The Big Bang Theory) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California

husband and wife. In the original, unaired pilot of the series, the conception of the female lead was very different. She was called Katie, and was envisioned as ""a street-hardened, tough-as-nails woman with a vulnerable interior"". Sheldon and Leonard would ""approach her with honesty, to draw the real, sensitive Katie out"". The role was played by Amanda Walsh. However, the test audiences reacted to the character negatively, seeing her as too mean. Because of this, the character was changed, and the role was recast. Tom Jicha of the ""South Florida Sun-Sentinel"" praised Cuoco's portrayal of Penny, stating: ""Her character had

"Kate Micucci"
Kate Micucci Kate Micucci ( ; born March 31, 1980) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, singer, songwriter and artist that is one half of the musical comedy duo ""Garfunkel and Oates"". Some of her well known roles include Stephanie Gooch in ""Scrubs"", Shelley in ""Raising Hope"", Lucy in ""The Big Bang Theory"", Sadie in ""Steven Universe"", Sara Murphy in ""Milo Murphy's Law"", Daisy in ""Nature Cat"", Clayface in ""The Lego Batman Movie"", Velma Dinkley in ""Scooby-Doo"", Webby Vanderquack in ""DuckTales"", and Dr. Fox in ""Unikitty!"". Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, of Italian ancestry, Micucci was raised in

"Brian Patrick Wade"
""The Game"", and ""Teen Wolf"". He appeared in episodes of ""Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D."" portraying Carl ""Crusher"" Creel, also known as the Absorbing Man. Brian Patrick Wade Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series ""Generation Kill"", as Kurt (Penny's former love interest) in ""The Big Bang Theory"", and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on ""Teen Wolf"". Wade made his debut in 2002 as an exotic dancer on """". He later appeared in the films ""Latter Days"" and ""The Guardian"". He later

"Alessandra Torresani"
announced that she was cast to play Lita Ford in ""The Runaways"", a biopic about the all-girl punk band of the same name. ""Variety"" later reported that it was Scout Taylor-Compton who would play Ford. In 2010, Torresani was featured as a Girl of ""Maxim"". In 2013 Torresani starred in the comedy web series ""Husbands"", which first aired on September 13, 2011. In 2016, she made a few appearances on ""The Big Bang Theory"", playing the role of bartender - and aspiring 'screenwriter', Claire. Alessandra Torresani Alessandra Torresani (born Alessandra Olivia Toreson; May 29, 1987) is an American actress. She

Brian Patrick Wade Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series ""Generation Kill"", as Kurt (Penny's former love interest) in ""The Big Bang Theory"", and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on ""Teen Wolf"". Wade made his debut in 2002 as an exotic dancer on """". He later appeared in the films ""Latter Days"" and ""The Guardian"". He later appeared on television in episodes of ""Two and a Half Men"", ""Sabrina, the Teenage Witch"", ""NCIS"", ""Las Vegas"", ""Surface"", ""'Til Death"", ""The Closer"",

Sara Gilbert Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress, best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom ""Roseanne"" (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She is also co-host and creator of the CBS daytime talk show ""The Talk"" and has had a recurring role as Leslie Winkle on CBS's ""The Big Bang Theory"". Gilbert was born Sara Rebecca Abeles in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Barbara Cowan (née Crane) and Harold Abeles. Both her parents are Jewish. Her maternal grandfather is ""The Honeymooners"" creator

"Rachel Melvin"
Rachel Melvin Rachel Melvin (born February 9, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Chelsea Brady on ""Days of Our Lives"" (2005–09) and as Penny in ""Dumb and Dumber To"". Melvin was born in Elmhurst, Illinois but moved to Phoenix, Arizona at age four. She was raised in Phoenix. She has an older sister named Jessica. She graduated from Mountain Pointe High School in 2003. She passed up a full scholarship to college so that she could move to California to pursue an acting career. In Los Angeles she took acting classes every weekend.

what was one reason south carolina gave for its decision to secede from the union

"History of South Carolina"
courts supported the position of this law. In 1848, O'Neall was the only one to express protest against the Act, arguing for the propriety of receiving testimony from enslaved Africans (many of whom, by 1848, were Christians) under oath: ""Negroes (slave or free) will feel the sanctions of an oath, with as much force as any of the ignorant classes of white people, in a Christian country."" South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. South Carolina adopted the on December 24, 1860, following a briefer Ordinance of Secession

delegates convened in Charleston and voted unanimously to secede from the Union. President James Buchanan declared the secession illegal, but did not act to stop it. The first six states to secede with the largest slaveholding states in the South, demonstrating that the slavery societies were an integral part of the secession question. On February 4, the seven seceded states approved a new constitution for the Confederate States of America. Lincoln argued that the United States were ""one nation, ""indivisible"","" and denied the Southern states' right to secede. South Carolina entered the Confederacy on February 8, 1861, thus ending fewer

"South Carolina in the American Civil War"
South Carolina in the American Civil War South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861 is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. South Carolina was a source of troops for the Confederate army, and as the war progressed, also for the Union, as thousands of ex-slaves flocked to join the Union. The state also provided uniforms, textiles, food, and

demands. One affecting Louisiana was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former Confederate states. At the time, U.S. troops remained in only Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida, but the Compromise completed their withdrawal from the region. South Carolina in the American Civil War South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861 is generally recognized as the first military engagement of

and voted unanimously, 169-0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. A committee of the convention also drafted a ""Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina"" which was adopted on December 24. The secession declaration

Mississippi, Georgia, and Louisiana met to form a new constitution and government modeled on that of the United States. On February 8, 1861, South Carolina officially joined the Confederacy. According to one South Carolinian newspaper editor: South Carolina's declaring of secession was supported by the state's religious figures, who claimed that it was consistent with the tenets of their religion: Six days after secession, on the day after Christmas, Major Robert Anderson, commander of the U.S. troops in Charleston, withdrew his men to the island fortress of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. South Carolina militia swarmed over the abandoned mainland

"Secession in the United States"
1828 ""Tariff of Abominations"" which threatened both South Carolina's economy and the Union. Andrew Jackson also threatened to send federal troops to put down the movement and to hang the leader of the secessionists from the highest tree in South Carolina. Also due to this, Jackson's vice president, John C. Calhoun, who supported the movement and wrote the essay ""The South Carolina Exposition and Protest"", became the first US vice-president to resign. On May 1, 1833, Jackson wrote of nullification, ""the tariff was only a pretext, and disunion and southern confederacy the real object. The next pretext will be the

Compromise; now it was time ""to set the captive free by the potency of truth"" and to ""secede from the government"". Coincidentally, the New England Anti-Slavery Convention endorsed the principles of disunion by a vote of 250–24. Support of secession began to shift to Southern states from 1846, after introduction of the Wilmot Proviso into the public debate. Southern leaders increasingly felt helpless against a powerful political group that was attacking their interests, reminiscent of Federalist alarms at the beginning of the century. During the presidential term of Andrew Jackson, South Carolina had its own semi-secession movement due to the

to favor reconciliation over retribution. South Carolina led opposition to national law during the Nullification Crisis. It was the first state to declare its secession in 1860 in response to the election of Abraham Lincoln. Dominated by major planters, it was the only state in which slaveholders composed a majority of the legislature. After the Revolutionary War, numerous slaves were freed. Most of the northern states abolished slavery, sometimes combined with gradual emancipation. In the Upper South, inspired by the revolutionary ideals and activist preachers, state legislatures passed laws making it easier for slaveholders to manumit their slaves both during

the South, and reacted more to the economic Panic of 1819, the Missouri Controversy of 1820, and attempts at emancipation in the form of the Ohio Resolutions of 1824 and the American Colonization Petition of 1827. South Carolina's first attempt at nullification occurred in 1822, when South Carolina adopted a policy of jailing foreign black sailors at South Carolina ports. This policy violated a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States, but South Carolina defied a complaint from Britain through American Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and a United States Supreme Court justice's federal circuit decision condemning

"Religion in Canada"
Religion in Canada Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of groups and beliefs. Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with Roman Catholics having the most adherents. Christians, representing 67.3% of the population in 2011, are followed by people having no religion with 23.9% of the total population. Other faiths include Muslims (3.2%), Hindus (1.5%), Sikhs (1.4%), Buddhists (1.1%), and Jews (1.0%). Rates of religious adherence are steadily decreasing. The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms refers to God. The monarch carries the title of ""Defender of the Faith"". However, Canada has no official religion, and

has a median age of 37.3. Religion in Canada Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of groups and beliefs. Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with Roman Catholics having the most adherents. Christians, representing 67.3% of the population in 2011, are followed by people having no religion with 23.9% of the total population. Other faiths include Muslims (3.2%), Hindus (1.5%), Sikhs (1.4%), Buddhists (1.1%), and Jews (1.0%). Rates of religious adherence are steadily decreasing. The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms refers to God. The monarch carries the title of ""Defender of the Faith"". However,

"British Columbia"
(for example, ""Chinese-Canadian"") responses to the 2006 Census, and thus do not add up to 100%. All items are self-identified. The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were none (atheist, agnostic, and so on.) with 1,388,300 (35.9%); Protestant with 1,213,295 (31.4%); the Roman Catholic Church with 675,320 (17%); the United Church of Canada with 361,840 (9%); and the Anglican Church of Canada with 298,375 (8%). Of the 4,113,847 population counted by the 2006 census, 4,074,385 people completed the section about language. Of these 4,022,045 gave singular responses to the question regarding mother tongue. The languages

religious population) in 1991 to 8 Christians (89%) to 1 non-Christian (11%) in 2011, a rise of 135% of the ratio of non-Christians to Christians, or a decline of 6.5% of Christians to non-Christians, in 20 years. Includes Aboriginal spirituality, Pagan, Wicca, Unity – New Thought – Pantheist, Scientology, Rastafarian, New Age, Gnostic, Satanist, etc. Before the arrival of Europeans, the First Nations followed a wide array of mostly animistic religions and spirituality. The first Europeans to settle in great numbers in Canada were French Latin Rite Roman Catholics, including a large number of Jesuits who established several missions in

Order of the Druids during the 19th century. Irreligious Canadians include atheists, agnostics, and humanists. The surveys may also include those who are spiritual, deists, and pantheists. In 1991 they made up 12.3% of the Canadian population. In the 2001 census this number increased to 16.2% and increased again in 2011 to 23.9%. Some non-religious Canadians have formed associations, such as the Humanist Association of Canada, Toronto Secular Alliance or the Centre for Inquiry Canada, as well as a number of University Campus Groups. According to the 2001 census, the major religions in Canada have the following median age. Canada

155,614 or 1.50% were Jews, 24,087 or 0.23% were Confucians, 15,784 or 0.15% were Buddhists and 5,008 or 0.05% were pagans. Domination of Canadian society by Protestant and Roman Catholic elements continued until well into the 20th century. Until the 1960s, most parts of Canada still had extensive Lord's Day laws that limited what one could do on a Sunday. The English Canadian elite were still dominated by Protestants, and Jews and Roman Catholics were often excluded. A slow process of liberalization began after the Second World War in English Canada. Overtly Christian laws were expunged, including those against homosexuality.

and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches, while southern Manitoba has been settled largely by Mennonites. The concentration of these smaller groups often varies greatly across the country. Baptists are especially numerous in the Maritimes. The Maritimes, prairie provinces, and southwestern Ontario have significant numbers of Lutherans. Southwest Ontario has seen large numbers of German and Russian immigrants, including many Mennonites and Hutterites, as well as a significant contingent of Dutch Reformed. Alberta has seen considerable immigration from the American plains, creating a significant Mormon minority in that province. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claimed to have 178,102 members (74,377

(the reds) and the non-Anglican Protestant groups. In those times, right before elections, parish priests would give sermons to their flock where they said things like ""Le ciel est bleu et l'enfer est rouge"" (""Heaven/the sky is blue and hell is red""). In 1871, national census revealed 56.45% as Protestants, 42.80% as Roman Catholic, 0.05% as Pagans, 0.03% as Jewish, 0.02% as Mormons, 0.15% as irreligious and 0.49% as unspecified. By the late nineteenth century, Protestant pluralism had taken hold in English Canada. While much of the elite were still Anglican, other groups, including the Methodists, had become very prominent

or another Christian denomination as their religion, considerably less than 10 years before in the Canada 2001 Census, where 77% of the population listed a Christian religion. In recent years there have been substantial rises in non-Christian religions in Canada. From the 1991 to 2011, Islam grew by 316%, Hinduism 217%, Sikhism 209%, and Buddhism 124%. The growth of non-Christian religions expressed as a percentage of Canada's population rose from 4% in 1991 to 8% in 2011. In terms of the ratio of non-Christians to Christians, it rose from 21 Christians (95% of religious population) to 1 non-Christian (5% of

support for religious pluralism and freedom of religion is an important part of Canada's political culture. Before the European colonization, Aboriginal religions were largely animistic or shamanistic, including an intense tribal reverence for spirits and nature. The French colonization beginning in the 17th century established a Roman Catholic francophone population in New France, especially Acadia (later Lower Canada, now Nova Scotia and Quebec). British colonization brought waves of Anglicans and other Protestants to Upper Canada, now Ontario. The Russian Empire spread Orthodox Christianity in a small extent to the tribes in the far north and western coasts, particularly hyperborean nomadics

"Wake Forest, North Carolina"
Wake Forest, North Carolina Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by ""Forbes"" magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original

"North Carolina"
the state; the central Piedmont region, and the Mountain region in the west, which is part of the Appalachian Mountains. The coastal plain consists of more specifically-defined areas known as the Outer Banks, a string of sandy, narrow barrier islands separated from the mainland by sounds or inlets, including Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound, the tidewater region, the native home of the venus flytrap, and the inner coastal plain, where longleaf pine trees are native. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the ""Graveyard of the Atlantic""; more than 1,000 ships have

home of Wake Forest University for 122 years before it moved to Winston-Salem in 1956. The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Wake Forest as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,998,808 as of U.S. Census 2012 Population Estimates. Effective June 6, 2003 the Office of Management and Budget redefined the Federal Statistical Areas and dismantled what had been for decades the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, MSA and split them into two separate MSAs even though the region still functions as a single metropolitan area. In 1832, Dr. Calvin Jones, originally from

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham and Chapel Hill is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park). The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking

row. Woodland-culture Native Americans were in the area around 1000 BCE; starting around 750 CE, Mississippian-culture Indians created larger political units with stronger leadership and more stable, longer-term settlements. During this time, important buildings were constructed as pyramidal, flat-topped buildings. By 1550, many groups of American Indians lived in present-day North Carolina, including Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, Cape Fear Indians, Waxhaw, Waccamaw, and Catawba. Juan Pardo explored the area in 1566–1567, establishing Fort San Juan in 1567 at the site of the Native American community of Joara, a Mississippian culture regional chiefdom in the western interior, near the present-day

is overseen by a local school board. A county may have one or more systems within it. The largest school systems in North Carolina are the Wake County Public School System, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Guilford County Schools, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, and Cumberland County Schools. In total there are 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools. North Carolina Schools were segregated until the Brown v. Board of Education trial and the release of the Pearsall Plan. In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North

high humidity. Winter highs generally range in the low 50s °F (10 to 13 °C) with lows in the low-to-mid 30s °F (-2 to 2 °C), although an occasional 60 °F (15 °C) or warmer winter day is not uncommon. Spring and fall days usually reach the low-to-mid 70s °F (low 20s °C), with lows at night in the lower 50s °F (10 to 14 °C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90s °F (29 to 35 °C). The rainiest months are July and August. As of the 2000 census, there were 12,588 people, 4,617 households,

of photos, books, college publications, furniture, documents, professors’ writings, and medical, law and sports memorabilia. The Wake County Public Library System operates a branch in Wake Forest. Wake Forest is home to the Falls Lake State Recreation Area. Falls Lake Park contains the Falls Lake and of woodlands. Wake Forest is served by ten parks and community centers. They include the following: Wake Forest, North Carolina Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population

"Croatan National Forest"
Croatan National Forest The Croatan National Forest () is a U.S. National Forest, was established on July 29, 1936, and is located on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, a part of the United States Department of Agriculture. The forest is managed together with the other three North Carolina National Forests (Nantahala, Pisgah, and Uwharrie) from common headquarters in Asheville, North Carolina. However, Croatan has a local ranger district office in New Bern. The forest covers of coastal land. It is bordered on three sides by the Neuse River, the Bogue

that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Croatan National Forest The Croatan National Forest () is a U.S. National Forest, was established on July 29, 1936, and is located on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, a part of the United States Department of Agriculture. The forest is managed together with the other three North Carolina National Forests (Nantahala, Pisgah, and Uwharrie) from common headquarters in Asheville, North Carolina. However, Croatan has a local ranger district office in New Bern. The forest covers of coastal land. It is bordered

"Atwood machine"
derive an equation for the acceleration by analyzing forces. If we consider a massless, inextensible string and an ideal massless pulley, the only forces we have to consider are: tension force (""T""), and the weight of the two masses (""W"" and ""W""). To find an acceleration we need to consider the forces affecting each individual mass. Using Newton's second law (with a sign convention of we can derive a system of equations for the acceleration (""a""). As a sign convention, we assume that ""a"" is positive when downward for formula_1 and upward for formula_2. Weight of formula_1 and formula_2 is

equations. formula_12 For example, substituting into formula_13, results in formula_14 For very small mass differences between ""m"" and ""m"", the rotational inertia ""I"" of the pulley of radius r cannot be neglected. The angular acceleration of the pulley is given by the no-slip condition: formula_15 where formula_16 is the angular acceleration. The net torque is then: formula_17 Combining with Newton's second law for the hanging masses, and solving for ""T"", ""T"", and ""a"", we get: Acceleration: Tension in string segment nearest ""m"": Tension in string segment nearest ""m"": Should bearing friction be negligible (but not the inertia of the pulley

"ATI Technologies"
In addition to developing high-end GPUs (originally called a VPU, visual processing unit, by ATI) for PCs and Apple Macs, ATI also designed embedded versions for laptops (Mobility Radeon), PDAs and mobile phones (Imageon), integrated motherboards (Radeon IGP), and others. ""Ruby"", a fictional female character described as a ""mercenary for hire"", was created by ATI to promote some of its products. Computer-animated videos produced by RhinoFX about Ruby on a mission (being a sniper, saboteur, hacker and so on) appeared at large technology shows such as ""CeBIT"" and ""CES"". Although AMD strongly considered making the functional part of the ATI

Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics. The ideal Atwood Machine consists of two objects of mass ""m"" and ""m"", connected by an inextensible massless string over an ideal massless pulley. When m = m, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights. When m ≠ m both masses experience uniform acceleration. We are able to

"Virtual keyboard"
was invented and patented by IBM engineers in 2008. It optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets them as operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface having painted keys. In that way it allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. All mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices, optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input. The basic idea of a virtual keyboard in an augmented reality environment is to

Techsource
two hospitals have employed robots as receptionists to offer directions and assist patients, jobs that previously would have been filled by humans. Techsource Techsource involves the automation, or conversion of a task or job from a manual task performed by a person, to a job performed entirely by machines. The concept of ""techsourcing"" has occurred across many industries for many years, however the phrase was coined by George Tosh, Principle Software Engineer for Salesforce in 2016. Techsourcing might include the use of robotics, or dedicated purpose-built machines to complete a task, but not always. A popular example of techsourcing is

masses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force provided by the cable in the vertical dimension thereby achieving work in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Boat lifts are another type of counter-weighted elevator system approximating an Atwood machine. Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or

"Industrial augmented reality"
and Thomas Caudell developed the first industrial AR at Boeing. They used a head-mounted display (HMD) to superimpose a computer-generated diagram of the manufacturing process with a real-time world registration and the user's head position calculation. They coined the name Augmented Reality to this technology. Contemporary several prototypes were proposed to demonstrate AR's application to manufacturing: a laser-printer maintenance application was proposed in 1993 by Steven K. Feiner and coauthors by introducing the concept of knowledge-based AR for maintenance assistance (KARMA). Whitaker Ross et al. proposed a system to display the name of the part pointed by the user in

simply formula_5 and formula_6 respectively. Forces affecting m: formula_7 Forces affecting m: formula_8 and adding the two previous equations we obtain formula_9, and our concluding formula for acceleration formula_10 Conversely, the acceleration due to gravity, ""g"", can be found by timing the movement of the weights, and calculating a value for the uniform acceleration ""a"": formula_11. The Atwood machine is sometimes used to illustrate the Lagrangian method of deriving equations of motion. It can be useful to know an equation for the tension in the string. To evaluate tension, substitute the equation for acceleration in either of the 2 force

and not the traction of the string on the pulley rim), these equations simplify as the following results: Acceleration: Tension in string segment nearest ""m"": Tension in string segment nearest ""m"": Atwood's original illustrations show the main pulley's axle resting on the rims of another four wheels, to minimize friction forces from the bearings. Many historical implementations of the machine follow this design. An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab — it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two

"Easter egg"
cultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean. The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the early Christians of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs with red colouring ""in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His crucifixion"". The Christian Church officially adopted the custom, regarding the eggs as a symbol of the resurrection of Jesus, with the Roman Ritual, the first edition of which was published in 1610 but which has texts of much older date, containing among the Easter Blessings of Food, one for eggs, along

eggs red, the early Christians of Mesopotamia also stained Easter eggs green and yellow. Influential 19th century folklorist and philologist Jacob Grimm speculates, in the second volume of his ""Deutsche Mythologie"", that the folk custom of Easter eggs among the continental Germanic peoples may have stemmed from springtime festivities of a Germanic goddess known in Old English as Ēostre (namesake of modern English ""Easter"") and possibly known in Old High German as *""Ostara"" (and thus namesake of Modern German ""Ostern"" 'Easter'): Although one of the Christian traditions are to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, a modern custom is to

"Coloring book"
for animated motion pictures. Coloring books may also incorporate other activities such as connect the dots, mazes and other puzzles. Some also incorporate the use of stickers. Paint books and coloring books emerged in the United States as part of the ""democratization of art"" process, inspired by a series of lectures by British artist Joshua Reynolds, and the works of Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and his student Friedrich Fröbel. Many educators concluded that all, regardless of background, students stood to benefit from art education as a means of enhancing their conceptual understanding of the tangible, developing their cognitive abilities,

celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red ""in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."" This custom of the Easter egg can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Russia and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. This Christian use of eggs may have been influenced by practices in ""pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well

"Egg decorating"
scratch-work, wax encaustic and carving. The renowned Russian court artist and jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé made exquisitely decorated precious metal and gemstone eggs for the Romanovs. These Fabergé eggs resembled standard decorated eggs, but they were made from gold and precious stones. The Persian culture also has a tradition of egg decorating, which takes place during the spring equinox. This time marks the Persian New Year, and is referred to as Nowruz. Family members decorate eggs together and place them in a bowl. It is said that it is from this cultural tradition that the Christian practice originates. In Egypt,

and improving skills that would be useful in finding a profession, as well as for the children's spiritual edification. The McLoughlin Brothers are credited as the inventors of the coloring book, when, in the 1880s, they produced ""The Little Folks' Painting Book"", in collaboration with Kate Greenaway. They continued to publish coloring books until the 1920s, when the McLoughlin Brothers became part of the Milton Bradley Company. Another pioneer in the genre was Richard F. Outcault. He authored ""Buster's Paint Book"" in 1907, featuring the character of Buster Brown, which he had invented in 1902. It was published by the

Easter
early Christian community of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs red in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. The Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many Americans follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. On Easter Monday, the President of the

"Food coloring"
of eating adulterated lozenges. In 1856, mauveine, the first synthetic color, was developed by Sir William Henry Perkin and by the turn of the century, unmonitored color additives had spread through Europe and the United States in all sorts of popular foods, including ketchup, mustard, jellies, and wine. Originally, these were dubbed 'coal-tar' colors because the starting materials were obtained from bituminous coal. Many synthesized dyes were easier and less costly to produce and were superior in coloring properties when compared to naturally derived alternatives. Some synthetic food colorants are diazo dyes. Diazo dyes are prepared by coupling of a

to the early Christian church in Mesopotamia. In Greece, superstitions of the past included the custom of placing the first-dyed red egg at the home's iconostasis (place where icons are displayed) to ward off evil. The heads and backs of small lambs were also marked with the red dye to protect them. The egg is widely used as a symbol of the start of new life, just as new life emerges from an egg when the chick hatches out. Painted eggs are used at the Iranian spring holidays, the Nowruz that marks the first day of spring or Equinox, and

own food locally or trading within the village communities. Under feudalism, aesthetic aspects were not considered, at least not by the vast majority of the generally very poor population. This situation changed with urbanization at the beginning of the Modern Age, when trade emerged—especially the import of precious spices and colors. One of the very first food laws, created in Augsburg, Germany, in 1531, concerned spices or colorants and required saffron counterfeiters to be burned. With the onset of the industrial revolution, people became dependent on foods produced by others. These new urban dwellers demanded food at low cost. Analytical

"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time"
are The Rolling Stones, Chuck Berry, Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, Little Richard, Aretha Franklin and Ray Charles. In 2011, ""Rolling Stone"" published a revised edition of the list, with changes from 27th position onwards. The updated list features artists not present in the original (including Queen, Metallica, Pink Floyd, Talking Heads, R.E.M., Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, and Jay-Z), removing a number of other artists (including Etta James, Miles Davis, Roxy Music, N.W.A., and Martha & The Vandellas). The list consists primarily of American or British artists, with following exceptions: AC/DC (Australia), The Band (Canada/US), Bob Marley (Jamaica), Joni Mitchell

"Max Martin"
Taylor Swift's ""Blank Space"" (2014), and The Weeknd's ""Can't Feel My Face"" (2015). Martin is the songwriter with the third-most number-one singles on the chart, behind only Paul McCartney (32) and John Lennon (26). In addition, he has had the second most Hot 100 number-one singles as a producer, 20, behind George Martin, who had achieved 23 by the time of his death. In early 2013, his single sales were tallied by ""The Hollywood Reporter"" to be at over 135 million. According to ""Variety"", his net worth was approximately $260 million in 2017. The previous year he achieved approximately an

selling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats (600 million in the United States alone). The number of hits Elvis Presley had in the US became a topic of discussion in several news articles when it was announced by ""Billboard"" magazine in April 2008 that Mariah Carey and Madonna had surpassed Elvis Presley in the number of ""Number 1"" and ""Top Ten"" hits, with 18 and 37 hits respectively. Analysts pointed out that the new records had been achieved by reducing Elvis’ numbers, by taking away previously counted ""Number 1"" hits, deeming double-sided

"Joanna Page"
Kit, on 1 April 2015 and, on 13 December 2016, a son, Noah. Page was nominated for ""Best Female Comedy Newcomer"" at the 2007 British Comedy Awards. Joanna Page Joanna Louise Page (born 23 March 1978) is a Welsh actress, model, and comedian, best known for her role as Stacey West Shipman in the BAFTA-winning television series ""Gavin & Stacey"". Page was born in Treboeth, Swansea, Wales, the only child of Susan Angela (née Foster) and Nigel Leslie Page. She attended Mynyddbach Comprehensive School, where she was head girl. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in

Joanna Page Joanna Louise Page (born 23 March 1978) is a Welsh actress, model, and comedian, best known for her role as Stacey West Shipman in the BAFTA-winning television series ""Gavin & Stacey"". Page was born in Treboeth, Swansea, Wales, the only child of Susan Angela (née Foster) and Nigel Leslie Page. She attended Mynyddbach Comprehensive School, where she was head girl. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1998. On graduation from RADA, Page spent ten years in stage-based roles, mainly costume dramas for the Royal National Theatre and Royal Shakespeare Company. This led to

"Gavin & Stacey"
Gavin & Stacey Gavin & Stacey is a British sitcom, written by James Corden and Ruth Jones, that follows the long-distance relationship of an Englishman and a Welsh woman. The merging of their quirky families forms the focus of the show. Mathew Horne and Joanna Page play the title characters, while the writers co-star as Gavin and Stacey's friends, Smithy and Nessa. Other prominent cast members include Alison Steadman and Larry Lamb, who play Gavin's parents, Pam and Mick, and Melanie Walters and Rob Brydon, who portray Stacey's mother, Gwen, and her uncle, Bryn. The theme for the series was

to Sullivan as her housemate; a member of the band she initially lives with. Nessa had also claimed to have had an affair with Prescott. The initial series begins with the lives of the title characters, Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) and Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin is 28 and lives at home in Billericay, Essex, with his parents, Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman). He and Stacey, along with their respective best friends Neil ""Smithy"" Smith (James Corden) and Nessa Jenkins (Ruth Jones), go out on a double date. The night ends with Gavin and Stacey returning to a

"Ruth Jones"
Ruth Jones Ruth Alexandra Elisabeth Jones, (born 22 September 1966) is a Welsh television actress, novelist and screenwriter. She co-starred in and co-wrote the award-winning British comedy ""Gavin & Stacey"" and has appeared in many television comedies and dramas, such as Jimmy McGovern ""The Street"" with Timothy Spall (2009), and starring as Hattie Jacques in ""Hattie"" for BBC Four. She takes the lead role in the comedy drama series ""Stella"" for Sky 1 produced by Tidy Productions, the company she co-founded in 2008 with her husband David Peet, who is managing director. Ruth Jones was born on 22 September 1966

"Melanie Walters"
teaching Pilates. Melanie Walters Melanie Walters (born 1962) is a Welsh actress who has worked frequently in television. She is best known for playing Gwen West in the BBC comedy-drama ""Gavin & Stacey"". Walters was born and raised in the Mumbles, near Swansea. Her father died when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children under four years old. In 1973, aged 11, she took over her brother's paper round, covering Mumbles Head every day, an experience she described at length on BBC Radio 4 in January 2012. When she was 14 she qualified as a lifeguard,

in time for the Christmas rush, despite not all of the series having aired in the UK. There was some criticism, with Liberal Democrat media spokesperson Don Foster saying it devalued the licence fee. Despite this release, subsequent episodes still saw some of the show's highest viewing figures. Gavin & Stacey Gavin & Stacey is a British sitcom, written by James Corden and Ruth Jones, that follows the long-distance relationship of an Englishman and a Welsh woman. The merging of their quirky families forms the focus of the show. Mathew Horne and Joanna Page play the title characters, while the

Melanie Walters Melanie Walters (born 1962) is a Welsh actress who has worked frequently in television. She is best known for playing Gwen West in the BBC comedy-drama ""Gavin & Stacey"". Walters was born and raised in the Mumbles, near Swansea. Her father died when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children under four years old. In 1973, aged 11, she took over her brother's paper round, covering Mumbles Head every day, an experience she described at length on BBC Radio 4 in January 2012. When she was 14 she qualified as a lifeguard, working on

2013. In 2010, Jones took part in ""Channel 4's Comedy Gala"", a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London on 30 March. Ruth Jones Ruth Alexandra Elisabeth Jones, (born 22 September 1966) is a Welsh television actress, novelist and screenwriter. She co-starred in and co-wrote the award-winning British comedy ""Gavin & Stacey"" and has appeared in many television comedies and dramas, such as Jimmy McGovern ""The Street"" with Timothy Spall (2009), and starring as Hattie Jacques in ""Hattie"" for BBC Four. She takes the lead role in the

had raised over £44m, expressing his doubts that England manager Fabio Capello would win the coach of the year award, and giving the 15 times Darts World Champion Phil Taylor his backing as a candidate for the main award, praising his dedication to training by going down the pub every night sinking pints. There was another episode of ""Smithy"" for the 2011 Comic Relief appeal guest starring Lenny Henry, Richard Curtis, George Michael, Dermot O'Leary, JLS (Aston Merrygold, Marvin Humes, Oritsé Williams and JB Gill), Davina McCall, Rupert Grint, Tom Felton, Sebastian Coe, Gordon Brown, Robert Winston, Roger Lloyd-Pack, Rio

"Prince + Princess 2"
However, there are songs used in the series. In particular, the series had six songs from different artists released in their respective albums. The opening theme song used is ""I Love Hang Drop"" (我的愛吊點滴) by Rainie Yang while the ending theme song used is by Afalean Lufiz entitled ""Can You Love Me"" (可不可以愛我). A 128-page paperback cover photo book was published detailing behind the scenes and production of the drama. The book contains published hand written letters from the two main leads and original series director Winnie Qu You Ning showing their appreciation for the fans support of the drama.

"To Heart 2"
receiving a public release on January 29, 2010, while the third volume was first sold at Comiket 78 in August 2010, and later on September 23, 2009 as a public release. Three pieces of theme music are used in the original ""To Heart 2"" visual novel. ""Heart to Heart"", the opening theme, was performed by Arisa Nakayama and composed by Kazue Nakagami. , the ending theme, was performed by Akko and composed by Naoya Shimokawa. Both songs' lyrics were written by Shōko Sudani. An insert song, , is also used in Yūki's storyline. The song was performed by Rina Satō,

"Sequins 2"
Sequins 2 Sequins 2 is a limited edition extended play by Irish singer Róisín Murphy. It was released by Echo Records on 12-inch vinyl in February 2005. The opening track ""Sow into You"" uses a metaphor of rain and harvests to describe love and sex, atop a baroque pop brass arrangement. The third track ""Dear Diary"" is a torch song mixing northern soul with disco music with the sounds of doorbells and telephones ringing. The extended play closes with ""Leaving the City"", which slowly builds up during the introduction and uses out of tune instrumentation and a repetitive chorus. The

"The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement"
Crowning Glory"", a duet between Queen Clarisse (Julie Andrews) and Princess Asana (Raven-Symoné) was the first time Andrews had sung in public or on screen since she had throat surgery in 1997. In March 2016, despite the death of producer Whitney Houston in February 2012, Garry Marshall announced that Hathaway, who was pregnant with her first child, would appear in a third ""Princess Diaries"" film after she gave birth. However, with Marshall's death in July 2016, the project had been pulled. In August 2016, Hector Elizondo discussed a possibility that the third installment would still be produced. In an interview

"A Flower Bookmark 2"
A Flower Bookmark 2 A Flower Bookmark 2 () is the second cover extended play by South Korean singer, songwriter, and actress IU. It is also her sixth Korean-language mini-album. The EP was released on September 22, 2017 by LOEN Entertainment under its imprint Fave Entertainment. Like her previous cover album, ""A Flower Bookmark"" features cover versions of nostalgic K-pop songs popularized from the 1960s to the 2000s. ""A Flower Bookmark 2"" consists of cover versions of nostalgic K-pop songs popularized from the 1960s to the 2000s, including ""Autumn Morning"" (Yang Hee-eun and Lee Byung-woo, 1991), ""Last Night Story"" (Sobangcha,

"The Prince & Me 2: The Royal Wedding"
their wedding, newly crowned King Edvard of Denmark (Luke Mably) and his American fiancée Paige Morgan (Kam Heskin) find their relationship in jeopardy when an old law is brought to light, one that requires a Danish king to be married to a princess, or be forced to abdicate and relinquish the crown. Edvard's childhood friend, Princess Kirsten (Clemency Burton-Hill), comes for a visit and plots to try to steal Edvard from Paige, both for her personal reasons (to become Queen of Denmark) and that her father, a Norwegian royal, is heavily in debt and seeks to marry Kirsten into the

is impressed by her act of generosity, while Mabrey sees it as a political maneuver. Mia later decides to convert one of the royal palaces into a temporary children's center. That night, Mia has her bachelorette party, inviting princesses from around the world, where Queen Clarisse surfs on a mattress and sings a duet with Princess Asana, one of Mia's good friends. In the meantime, Mabrey realizes Nicholas has fallen for Mia, but Nicholas says that Mia will never love him. Nicholas comes upon Mia as she is practicing her archery as part of her coronation rites. He helps her

"2 Hearts (Kylie Minogue song)"
2 Hearts (Kylie Minogue song) ""2 Hearts"" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album, ""X"" (2007). It was written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell of the British electropop group Kish Mauve. Initially, the song was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone. The song was Minogue's first commercial single since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005. After the announcement, Minogue took a hiatus between 2005 and 2006 to recover from her illness. The song is a cover version of a track originally recorded by Kish Mauve. The

Zhang was then personally invited by director Lin He Long to join the drama after having worked together in the idol drama ""Hot Shot"". His character Li Chen Xi was newly created to fill the love triangle void of Ken Hung's character Xia Kuan. Also with the departure of director Winnie Qu You Ning, the later half of the drama was completely re-written with the main characters personalities and appearance changing, story line changing and some supporting characters being written out of the drama completely with no further explanation. Prince + Princess 2 (王子看見二公主) did not release an official soundtrack.

Love2Clutch
Love2Clutch ""LOVE②Clutch"" (LOVE②くらっち, romanized as ""LOVE2kuracchi"", ""LOVE2Clutch"" or ""LOVE LOVE Clutch"") is the first solo single released by BeForU member Noria Shiraishi. Released on October 18, 2006, the single was released in a CD-only format, a CD+DVD set, and as part of a box set, Riyu Kosaka & Noria Special CD-Box, which included a single from fellow BeForU member Riyu Kosaka. The CD+DVD set included all of the tracks on the CD version, plus a promotional video and an animation clip. The box set version also included a DVD, as well as a CD with several remixes of the title

stone which is tied to a rope and is being swung in circles, a car turning through a curve in a race track, an electron moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, and a gear turning inside a mechanism. Since the object's velocity vector is constantly changing direction, the moving object is undergoing acceleration by a centripetal force in the direction of the center of rotation. Without this acceleration, the object would move in a straight line, according to Newton's laws of motion. In physics, uniform circular motion describes the motion of a body traversing a circular path at constant

"Instant centre of rotation"
Instant centre of rotation The instant center of rotation, also called ""instantaneous velocity center"", or also ""instantaneous center"" or ""instant center"", is the point fixed to a body undergoing planar movement that has zero velocity at a particular instant of time. At this instant, the velocity vectors of the trajectories of other points in the body generate a circular field around this point which is identical to what is generated by a pure rotation. Planar movement of a body is often described using a plane figure moving in a two-dimensional plane. The instant center is the point in the moving

speed. Since the body describes circular motion, its distance from the axis of rotation remains constant at all times. Though the body's speed is constant, its velocity is not constant: velocity, a vector quantity, depends on both the body's speed and its direction of travel. This changing velocity indicates the presence of an acceleration; this centripetal acceleration is of constant magnitude and directed at all times towards the axis of rotation. This acceleration is, in turn, produced by a centripetal force which is also constant in magnitude and directed towards the axis of rotation. In the case of rotation around

angle that is /2 + θ. Hence, an increase in angle ""d""θ by formula_17 implies formula_13 traces an arc of magnitude ""d""θ, and as formula_13 is orthogonal to formula_11, we have: where a negative sign is necessary to keep formula_13 orthogonal to formula_11. (Otherwise, the angle between formula_13 and formula_11 would ""decrease"" with increase in ""d""θ.) See the unit circle at the left of Figure 4. Consequently, the acceleration is: The centripetal acceleration is the radial component, which is directed radially inward: while the tangential component changes the magnitude of the velocity: Circular motion can be described using complex numbers.

Clockwise
Clockwise Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions. A clockwise (typically abbreviated as CW) motion is one that proceeds in the same direction as a clock's hands: from the top to the right, then down and then to the left, and back up to the top. The opposite sense of rotation or revolution is (in North American English) counterclockwise (CCW) or (in Commonwealth English) anticlockwise (ACW). Before clocks were commonplace, the terms ""sunwise"" and ""deasil"", ""deiseil"" and even ""deocil"" from the Scottish Gaelic language and from the same root as the Latin ""dexter"" (""right"") were used for clockwise. ""Widdershins""

"Circular orbit"
Circular orbit A circular orbit is the orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter, that is, in the shape of a circle. Below we consider a circular orbit in astrodynamics or celestial mechanics under standard assumptions. Here the centripetal force is the gravitational force, and the axis mentioned above is the line through the center of the central mass perpendicular to the plane of motion. In this case, not only the distance, but also the speed, angular speed, potential and kinetic energy are constant. There is no periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit has no radial version. Transverse acceleration (perpendicular

illustrates velocity and acceleration vectors for uniform motion at four different points in the orbit. Because the velocity v is tangent to the circular path, no two velocities point in the same direction. Although the object has a constant ""speed"", its ""direction"" is always changing. This change in velocity is caused by an acceleration a, whose magnitude is (like that of the velocity) held constant, but whose direction also is always changing. The acceleration points radially inwards (centripetally) and is perpendicular to the velocity. This acceleration is known as centripetal acceleration. For a path of radius ""r"", when an angle

change. Etymologically, ""precession"" and ""procession"" are both terms that relate to motion. ""Precession"" is derived from the Latin ""praecedere"", ""to precede, to come before or earlier""), while ""procession"" is derived from the Latin ""procedere"", ""to march forward, to advance""). Generally the term ""procession"" is used to describe a group of objects moving forward. The stars viewed from Earth are seen to proceed in a procession from east to west daily, due to the Earth’s diurnal motion, and yearly, due to the Earth’s revolution around the Sun. At the same time the stars can be observed to anticipate slightly such motion,

"I'm going to Disney World!"
phrase, so that the ads can be broadcast in different American media markets to strategically promote either the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida or the Disneyland Resort in California. In most cases, Disney arranges for its star to appear in a parade at either Disneyland or one of the Walt Disney World theme parks the day immediately following the victory in order to fulfill the spoken promise in one version. In his 1998 memoir ""Work in Progress"", Disney CEO Michael Eisner credited his wife, Jane, with the idea for the campaign. According to Eisner, during the January 1987 grand

company later aired three more ads that year with other athletes following major sports championships. Ray Lewis was named Super Bowl XXXV MVP, however due to the bad attention over a murder trial Lewis was involved in the previous year, the signature phrase ""I'm going to Disney World!"" was given instead to quarterback Trent Dilfer, who was a game manager. In subsequent years, Disney reportedly has offered $30,000 to athletes and other stars for participating in the ads and appearing at one of its theme parks. Although Tom Brady was named MVP of Super Bowl LI, he gave the Disney

opening for the Star Tours attraction at Disneyland, the couple dined with Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, who in December 1986 had piloted the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling. After Jane Eisner asked what the pilots planned to do next, they replied, ""Well, we're going to Disneyland."" She later told her husband the phrase would make a great advertising campaign. Weeks later, Disney launched the series following Super Bowl XXI on January 25, 1987 with a commercial featuring New York Giants quarterback Phil Simms. Simms was paid a reported $75,000 for his participation. The

refers to the campaign as ""What's Next?"" in reference to the commercial's usual format, which has the star appear to be answering a question posed by an unseen narrator—""What are you going to do next?""—after his or her moment of triumph. The narrator is Mark Champion, a veteran radio play-by-play announcer for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Detroit Lions, Detroit Pistons, and Westwood One. Most ads feature the song ""When You Wish Upon a Star"" and end with a shot of fireworks over Cinderella Castle or Sleeping Beauty Castle. Typically the star records two versions of the commercial, one for each

I'm going to Disney World! ""I'm going to Disney World!"" and ""I'm going to Disneyland!"" are advertising slogans used in a series of television commercials by The Walt Disney Company that began airing in 1987. Used to promote the company's theme park resorts in Florida and California, the commercials most often are broadcast following the Super Bowl and typically feature an NFL player (usually the Super Bowl MVP) shouting the phrase while celebrating the team's victory immediately after the championship game. These commercials have also promoted champions from other sports, and winners of non-sport competitions such as ""American Idol"". Disney

trip to teammate James White. In 2006, the campaign resumed before Super Bowl XL as Disney projected scenes from the 20-year history of the campaign onto a Detroit skyscraper in the days before the game. During the television broadcast, Disney aired a commercial showing members of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Seattle Seahawks practicing how they would deliver the famous phrase while preparing for the game. The following day, the company began airing a traditional ""What's Next"" commercial featuring Steelers Hines Ward and Jerome Bettis. Even though it was not part of the ad buy in 2016, Peyton Manning said the

Snagglepuss
Joseph Barbera directed the ""Tom and Jerry"" cartoons for the MGM cartoon studio before opening Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1957.) Snagglepuss has three signature catchphrases. His most famous is his perpetual exclamation, ""Heavens to Murgatroyd!"" – a line first uttered by Bert Lahr in the film ""Meet the People"" (1944). Before dashing off (whether to escape or for some other reason), he exclaims ""Exit, stage left!"" (or stage right, and sometimes even up or down), a phrase used in theatrical stage directions. Finally, Snagglepuss tends to add the word ""even"" to the end of his statements. This is done in a

"Walt Disney World Monorail System"
first-come, first-served basis, and a pilot gave out ""co-pilot licenses"" at the end of the journey. Front cab riding was suspended permanently after the July 5, 2009 crash. The monorail system uses a set of pre-recorded announcements to instruct and entertain passengers. Prior to departure when the pilot closes the doors, an announcement asks guests to ""Please stand clear of the doors. Por favor manténganse alejado de las puertas."" One of the most well-known phrases within the resort, it was recorded by Jack Wagner, who was known as ""the Voice of Disneyland."" In 1988 following the construction of the Grand

Disneyland
for Tomorrowland, he read partway then stopped when a technician off-camera said something to him, and after realizing he was on-air, said, ""I thought I got a signal"", and began the dedication from the start. At one point, while in Fantasyland, Linkletter tried to give coverage to Cummings, who was on the pirate ship. He was not ready, and tried to give the coverage back to Linkletter, who had lost his microphone. Cummings then did a play-by-play of him trying to find it in front of Mr. Toad's Wild Ride. Traffic was delayed on the two-lane Harbor Boulevard. Famous figures

for the event. Walt Disney died from circulatory collapse caused by lung cancer on December 15, 1966, before his vision was realized. His brother and business partner, Roy O. Disney, postponed his retirement to oversee construction of the resort's first phase. On February 2, 1967, Roy O. Disney held a press conference at the Park Theatres in Winter Park, Florida. The role of EPCOT was emphasized in the film that was played. After the film, it was explained that for Disney World, including EPCOT, to succeed, a special district would have to be formed: the Reedy Creek Improvement District with

"Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer"
Nandita Haksar, Rama Devi and M. Jagannadha Rao. Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer Dewan Bahadur Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (14 May 1883 – 3 October 1953) was an Indian lawyer and member of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was responsible for framing the Constitution of India. He also served as the Advocate General of Madras State from 1929 to 1944. Noted neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran is the grandson of Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer. Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer was born in 1883 in the small village of Pudur in Madras State (present day Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh). His father, Ekamra Sastry, was a

"Govind Ballabh Pant"
only pray for peace to his soul and strength to those who loved and admired him”. Govind Ballabh Pant's son, Krishna Chandra Pant, was also a politician. Govind Ballabh Pant Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961) was an Indian freedom fighter and one of the architects of modern India. Alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabh Bhai Patel, Pant was a key figure in the movement for India's Independence and later a pivotal figure in the Indian Government. He was one of the foremost political leaders of Uttar Pradesh (then known as United Provinces) and

"Constitution of India"
Raj Khanna wrote: Constitution of India The Constitution of India (IAST: ) is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth. B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect. It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with

Constitution of India The Constitution of India (IAST: ) is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth. B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect. It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in

Govind Ballabh Pant Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961) was an Indian freedom fighter and one of the architects of modern India. Alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabh Bhai Patel, Pant was a key figure in the movement for India's Independence and later a pivotal figure in the Indian Government. He was one of the foremost political leaders of Uttar Pradesh (then known as United Provinces) and a key player in the unsuccessful movement to establish Hindi as the national language of Indian Union. Today, as a mark of tribute, several Indian hospitals, educational

"Amanda Peterson"
Amanda Peterson Amanda Peterson (born Phyllis Amanda Peterson, July 8, 1971 – July 3, 2015) was an American actress, most known for her role as Cindy Mancini in the 1987 comedy film ""Can't Buy Me Love"". Peterson was born in Greeley, Colorado, the youngest of three children born to James Peterson, an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and his wife Sylvia. She had two older siblings: a sister, Anne Marie and a brother, James, Jr. Peterson began acting as a child and used the name ""Amanda Peterson"" in a professional capacity. In the beginning of her career, she used the

"Emily Grace Reaves"
Emily Grace Reaves Emily Grace Reaves (born January 13, 2001) is an American child actress and model. Reaves' acting career began when she first appeared in a 2008 episode of ""ER"". She may be best recognized as Cindy Lou in """". In addition to acting, she is a fashion designer and model. In 2010, Reaves and her former best friend Noah Cyrus, who is also her co-star in """", promoted a high-end clothing line for children and teenagers called the Emily Grace Collection. She and Cyrus also created their own web show, known as ""The Noie and Ems Show"", that

"Cindy Williams"
She auditioned for Lucas's next project, ""Star Wars"", but lost the role of Princess Leia to Carrie Fisher. In 1975, Williams was cast as a fun-loving brewery worker, Shirley Feeney, in an episode of ""Happy Days"", alongside Penny Marshall, who played her best friend and roommate Laverne De Fazio. The girls were introduced as female companions of Fonzie (Henry Winkler), and their appearance proved so popular that Garry Marshall, producer of ""Happy Days"" and Penny Marshall's brother, commissioned a spin-off for the characters. Williams continued her role on the very successful ""Laverne & Shirley"" from 1976 until 1982. Although praised

"Anna Faris"
the couple announced their separation, and filed for divorce on December 1, 2017. On October 16, 2018, it was announced that their divorce has been finalized. Anna Faris Anna Kay Faris (; born November 29, 1976) is an American actress, voice artist, producer, podcaster and author. Faris rose to prominence for her work in comedic roles, particularly the lead part of Cindy Campbell in the ""Scary Movie"" films (2000–2006). Her other films include ""The Hot Chick"" (2002), ""Lost in Translation"" (2003), ""Just Friends"" (2005), ""Smiley Face"" (2007), ""The House Bunny"" (2008), ""What's Your Number?"" (2011), ""The Dictator"" (2012), and ""Overboard""

"Cynda Williams"
Cynda Williams Cynda Williams (born May 17, 1966) is an American television and film actress, singer, songwriter, playwright, author, artistic mentor and activist. Born in Chicago, Illinois, as Cynthia Williams, she was known as Cindy Williams until she started her film career. At that time, the graduate of Muncie Northside High School and Ball State University changed her first name to ""Cynda"" to avoid conflicts with ""Laverne & Shirley"" actress Cindy Williams, who was also listed by the same name with the Screen Actors Guild. Williams has acted in films on both television and in the cinema. Her first appearance

"Carol Potter (actress)"
Carol Potter (actress) Carol Potter (born May 21, 1948) is an American actress best known for playing Cindy Walsh on ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". Potter was born in New York City, New York, and attended high school in Tenafly, New Jersey, and went on to attend Radcliffe College, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in social relations. In 1977, she made her Broadway theatre debut in Albert Innaurato's play Gemini, which went on to become the fifth-longest running non-musical play in Broadway history. Potter had her first role as a regular in a prime time television series in 1981, playing

"Cynthia Rhodes"
April 4, 2014, Marx's representative confirmed that he and Rhodes were divorcing after 25 years of marriage. Cynthia Rhodes Cynthia Rhodes (born November 21, 1956) is a retired American actress, singer and dancer. Her film roles include Tina Tech in ""Flashdance"" (1983), Jackie in ""Staying Alive"" (1983) and Penny in ""Dirty Dancing"" (1987). Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Rhodes began her brief show business career working at Opryland USA as a singer and dancer while attending Glencliff High School during the 1970s. Raised in a Baptist family, Rhodes tried to maintain a clean-cut image in her acting roles and in the

Cynthia Rhodes Cynthia Rhodes (born November 21, 1956) is a retired American actress, singer and dancer. Her film roles include Tina Tech in ""Flashdance"" (1983), Jackie in ""Staying Alive"" (1983) and Penny in ""Dirty Dancing"" (1987). Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Rhodes began her brief show business career working at Opryland USA as a singer and dancer while attending Glencliff High School during the 1970s. Raised in a Baptist family, Rhodes tried to maintain a clean-cut image in her acting roles and in the media, turning down scripts that required nudity and refusing offers to pose for pictorials in ""Playboy"" magazine.

"Linda Kelsey"
Linda Kelsey Linda Jean Kelsey (born July 28, 1946) is an American actress. She is best known for her role on the CBS drama television series ""Lou Grant"" (1977–1982), which earned her three Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Kelsey's professional career began with stage appearances in her home of Minneapolis, Minnesota, with her good looks and striking mane of red hair winning her success that ultimately landed her in Los Angeles in 1972, with appearances in small roles on television shows like ""Emergency!"" and ""The Rookies,"" and the television movie ""The Picture of Dorian Gray""

"Candice Rialson"
Quentin Tarantino claimed Rialson was the inspiration for Bridget Fonda's character in 1997's ""Jackie Brown."" Candice Rialson Candice Ann Rialson (December 18, 1951 – March 31, 2006), also known as Candy Rialson, was an American actress known for her starring role in ""Hollywood Boulevard"" (1976). Rialson was born in Santa Monica, California. At age 18, she won Miss Hermosa Beach and worked as a go-go dancer. She worked in television and appeared in a series of exploitation films, working her way up to the leads in a series of ""three girls"" movies for New World Pictures, ""Candy Stripe Nurses"", ""Summer

"Bigg Boss Kannada (season 4)"
two weeks (113 days) instead of the regular 98 days format of the show. The first 98 days of Season 4 was aired on Colors Kannada while the remaining 14 days were aired exclusively on Colors Super channel. The grand finale was aired on 28 and 29 January 2017 on Colors Kannada, Colors Kannada HD and Colors Super simultaneously. Among the five finalists, Pratham emerged as the winner with highest number public votes, followed by Kirik Keerthi as runner-up, Rekha, Malavika Avinash and Mohan Shankar as third, fourth and fifth respectively. Kirik Keerthi is known for his active stance in

"Bigg Boss"
Vindu Dara Singh, Shweta Tiwari, Juhi Parmar, Urvashi Dholakia, Gauhar Khan, Gautam Gulati, Prince Narula, Manveer Gurjar, and Shilpa Shinde have been the winners of the first eleven seasons of the show respectively. ""Bigg Boss Kannada"" is the Kannada version of the show was the first south Indian adaption of ""Bigg Boss"". Popular actor Sudeep was roped in by ETV Kannada to play the host of the show for the first season in 2013. Star India acquired the license for the show and the second season was aired on Suvarna with Sudeep continuing his role as the host of the

"Bigg Boss Kannada"
ban on the show because of its popularity affecting the performances of movies in the box office. The fifth season of the show was aired in Colors Super, the second Kannada GEC by Viacom18 to increase the viewership for the channel. The season premiered on 15 October 2017 and has been the first season to include non-celebrity housemates selected through online audition process.. The grand finale was held on 28th and 29th January 2018 and Chandan Shetty emerged as the winner. A 'Bigg Boss' House is constructed for every season. For the first two seasons, the house was located in

being hosted by Nani and a newly built house at Annapurna Studios, Hyderabad is being used for the show. Both the seasons so far have had as the prize money. Siva Balaji and Kaushal Manda was the winners of the first & second seasons of the show. All the episodes of the show are available on the OTT platform Hotstar. ""Bigg Boss Marathi"" is the Marathi version of the show and the first season is being aired on Viacom 18's Colors Marathi. The Lonavala house is being used for this version and Mahesh Manjrekar is playing the host. This is

at Lonavala. The house for ""Bigg Boss Tamil"" was constructed at EVP Film City, Chennai and is being used since the first season. Both the seasons so far have had as the prize money. Aaravand Riythvika was the winners of the first and second seasons of the show. All the episodes of the show are available on the OTT platform Hotstar. ""Bigg Boss Telugu"" is the Telugu version of the show and was produced by Star India on Star Maa with Jr NTR as the host and the Lonavala house was used for the first season. The second season is

"Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5)"
Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5) Bigg Boss Kannada 5 (BBK5) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada, that premiered on 15 October 2017. Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show. The finale of the season took place 28 January 2018, and rapper Chandan Shetty was declared the winner of the show and was awarded the prize money of 50 lakh. Sales representative Diwaker was voted the runner-up. Sudeep had signed a deal with the channel Colors Kannada to host the next five seasons starting from the previous season. During the grand finale

"Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)"
9:00 everyday from 15 September. The series was won by Indian model and actress Gauhar Khan on 28 December 2013. While Tanisha Mukerji was runner-up, Ajaz Khan remained 3rd and Sangram Singh remained 4th. Finalist, Ajaz Khan returned as a guest in the eighth edition of the show to later compete in ""Bigg Boss Halla Bol"". He was ejected from the house on Day 2. The contestants were initially divided into two separate sections of the house, one called ""Heaven"" and the other ""Hell."" The ""Heaven"" side of the house included the pool and considerably more luxuries, while residents of

show that does not follow the annual format and the seasons have been produced once in 3 years. Aneek Dhar and Joyjit Banerjee have been the winners of the first and second season of the show respectively. All the episodes since the second season are available on Viacom 18's OTT platform Voot. ""Bigg Boss Tamil"" is the Tamil version of the show and the second south Indian adaption of ""Bigg Boss"". Star India produced the show in 2017 with Kamal Hassan as the host on Star Vijay. This has been the only version to have none of its seasons shot

Kathe' ('Story behind the Scenes') showed the unseen footage from the show which are not aired on the original episodes. Rehman also hosted a 30-minute interview about the in-house experience of the evicted contestants every weekend in 'Just Maath Maathalli' ('Just in the Talks'), yet another Voot exclusive show. The show was extended for two weeks and the finale took place on 29 January 2017. The final 14 episodes were aired on Colors Super and the finale was simulcast on Colors Kannada, Colors Kannada HD and Colors Super. The 'Bigg Boss Autograph' for this season was hosted by Niranjan Deshpande,

"Bigg Boss Kannada (season 3)"
Bigg Boss Kannada (season 3) Bigg Boss Kannada 3 (BBK3), () is the third season of the Kannada reality television series Bigg Boss Kannada. The show premiered on October 25, 2015 and the finale was aired on January 31, 2016 on Colors Kannada. Sudeep, the host of previous seasons remains as the host. He has signed a INR 18 crore deal with the channel Colors Kannada to host the next five seasons. Among 5 finalists Shruthi emerged as the title winner with maximum votes and performance in house followed by Chandan Kumar as runner-up, Master Anand, Rahman Haseeb and Pooja

"Las Vegas Stadium"
Las Vegas Stadium Las Vegas Stadium is the working name for a domed stadium under construction in Paradise, Nevada for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) and the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). It is located on about 62 acres west of Mandalay Bay at Russell Road and Hacienda Avenue and between Polaris Avenue and Dean Martin Drive, just west of Interstate 15. Construction of the $1.8 billion stadium began in September 2017 and is expected to be completed in time for the 2020 NFL season. In January 2016,

"Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park"
Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park The Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, or LASED (short for Los Angeles Stadium and Entertainment District), is an open-air stadium and entertainment complex district under construction in Inglewood, California, United States. Formerly the site of Hollywood Park Racetrack, it is approximately from Los Angeles International Airport, and is located immediately south of The Forum. Planned to open in 2020, the stadium will serve as the home to the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). It is also scheduled to host Super Bowl LVI in February 2022

stadiums built in their respective cities. On April 21, 2015, Carson City Council bypassed the option to put the stadium to a public vote and approved the plan 3–0. The NFL approved the Rams' relocation on January 12, 2016, with 30 of the 32 owners voting their approval to relocate, effectively ending the Carson proposal. Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park The Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, or LASED (short for Los Angeles Stadium and Entertainment District), is an open-air stadium and entertainment complex district under construction in Inglewood, California, United States. Formerly the site of Hollywood Park Racetrack,

"Las Vegas Ballpark"
a new stadium in Summerlin. In October 2017, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority approved a 20-year, $80 million naming rights agreement to help pay for a new $150 million 10,000-seat ballpark which could open in 2019. Las Vegas Ballpark is expected to include 22 suites, a center field pool, kids' zone, and several bars. The official groundbreaking was held on February 13, 2018. By April 2018, excavation was 85 percent complete with nearby grading for parking lots about 90 percent complete. By June 2018, it was on schedule to be completed before the 2019 season. Reservations for tickets

Las Vegas Ballpark Las Vegas Ballpark is a baseball stadium under construction in Summerlin, Nevada for the Las Vegas Aviators of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. The stadium will be owned by the Howard Hughes Corporation. The stadium site is located near the intersection of South Town Center Drive and West Sahara Avenue. Construction of the $150 million stadium began in 2018 and is expected to be completed in time for the Aviators' 2019 season. It will serve as a replacement for the team's previous home at Cashman Field, where the team has resided since 1983. The home opener will

announced the launch of the team with a stadium in Miami. The stadium was submitted as a potential site for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, but was later withdrawn from consideration. Las Vegas Stadium Las Vegas Stadium is the working name for a domed stadium under construction in Paradise, Nevada for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) and the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). It is located on about 62 acres west of Mandalay Bay at Russell Road and Hacienda Avenue and between Polaris Avenue and Dean Martin Drive,

vote in the Senate and by 28–13 in the Assembly, and was signed into law by Sandoval on October 17. The bill allowed Clark County to increase its hotel tax to raise the $750 million in funding. The Raiders filed relocation papers on January 19 to move from Oakland to Las Vegas. On January 26, 2017, the Raiders submitted a proposed lease agreement for the stadium. It was reported that the Raiders had selected the Russell Road site as the stadium location, the team would pay one dollar in rent, and that they could control the naming rights for both

and infrastructure. Some reports gave a budget of $1.9 billion, which also included $100 million to build a separate Raiders practice facility. The financing for the project is expected to come in the form of $750 million in public funding and $1.1 billion from the Raiders. The public portion of the funding will come from municipal bonds issued by Clark County, backed by the proceeds of a special tax on hotel rooms in the Las Vegas area, which took effect in March 2017. The Raiders' contribution was expected to include a $650 million loan from Bank of America, $200 million

center at Town Square, located a few miles from the stadium site, featuring interactive exhibits and team memorabilia, with plans for simulations of views from individual seats and a large-scale stadium model. On August 27, Clark County changed the stadium's address from 5617 Dean Martin Drive to 3333 Al Davis Way. The budget for development of the stadium is estimated at $1.8 billion. Of this, $78 million was spent to purchase the land, $1.33 billion is estimated to be spent on construction, $123 million on furniture, fixtures, and equipment, $234 million on design and engineering, and $31 million on utilities

was called into serious question in June 2016, when Southwest Airlines objected to the location because its proximity to the northern end of one of McCarran Airport's runways could negatively affect the safety and capacity of air traffic at the airport. The list of potential locations soon expanded to nine candidates, including the sites of the Wild Wild West casino, the Wynn golf course, the Riviera casino, the Las Vegas Festival Grounds, and Cashman Center. By September, the list was narrowed to two possibilities: the Bali Hai Golf Club, south of Mandalay Bay, and a vacant lot on Russell Road,

a second, revised edition was published in 1715 by John Chamberlain. This 1715 edition was used by Gottfried Hensel in his ""Synopsis Universae Philologiae"" (1741) to compile ""geographico-polyglot maps"" where the beginning of the prayer was shown in the geographical area where the respective languages were spoken. Johann Ulrich Kraus also published a collection with more than 100 entries. These collections continued to be improved and expanded well into the 19th century; Johann Christoph Adelung and Johann Severin Vater in 1806–1817 published the prayer in ""well-nigh five hundred languages and dialects"". Samples of scripture, including the Lord's Prayer, were published

not in all. Older English translations of the Bible, based on late Byzantine Greek manuscripts, included it, but it is excluded in critical editions of the New Testament, such as that of the United Bible Societies. It is absent in the oldest manuscripts and is not considered to be part of the original text of –. The Catholic Church has never attached it to the Lord's Prayer, but has included it in the Roman Rite Mass as revised in 1969, not as part of the Our Father but separated from it by a prayer called the embolism spoken or sung

"Sex and the City"
place in the suburb. Sex and the City Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, writers, and directors, principally Michael Patrick King. Set and filmed in New York City and based on Candace Bushnell's 1997 book of the same name, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite

Sex and the City Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, writers, and directors, principally Michael Patrick King. Set and filmed in New York City and based on Candace Bushnell's 1997 book of the same name, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite their different natures and

a low-key ceremony in a community garden. Living together in Miranda's one-bedroom apartment (in the same building as her now-hostile ex, Robert) proves to be cramped, and they decide to buy a bigger place and eventually move to a house in Brooklyn (much to Miranda's initial dismay). In the final episodes of season 6, Miranda and Steve care for Steve's mother Mary, who is suffering from dementia/Alzheimer's. Carrie Bradshaw lives in Manhattan and writes a column called ""Sex and the City"". At a birthday party for Miranda, Carrie and her friends decide to start having sex ""like men"", meaning without

house is up for sale and he is headed back to New York. Carrie's final voiceover states: ""The most exciting, challenging and significant relationship of all is the one you have with yourself. And if you find someone to love the you ""you"" love, well, that's just fabulous."" ""Sex and the City"" premiered on HBO, June 6, 1998, and was one of the highest-rated sitcoms of the season. The last original episode, ""An American Girl in Paris, Part Deux"", aired on February 22, 2004. Over the course of its six seasons, ""Sex and the City"" was nominated for over 50

form of the engagement ring she received from Trey. At the end of Season Four, Carrie discovers that Big has sold his apartment and is moving to Napa, California. Charlotte and Trey are living apart but continuing to have marital relations; they eventually reconcile and Charlotte moves back into their shared apartment. They decide to try for a baby but realize Charlotte is reproductively challenged; after fertility treatments and discussing adoption, their marriage breaks apart under the strain and they decide to divorce. Miranda supports Steve through testicular cancer and surgery. Later, when he feels emasculated by the surgery, they

investment banker with an anger management problem, a photographer who gets her into menswear, a bad kisser, and a climax name caller. She then meets Trey MacDougal; despite an awkward ""proposal"", the discovery of his low libido and inability to perform sexually the night before their marriage, and conflict with his domineering mother, the two marry. They begin their marriage with a sexless honeymoon, and as sex remains an ongoing problem in their relationship, the two eventually separate. Samantha sleeps with a firefighter, a short man, her assistant, a black guy with a disapproving sister, a recreational Viagra user, a

"Sex and the City (film)"
in September 2017 Sarah Jessica Parker confirmed that it was not going to happen. Carrie walks through the streets of New York City thinking about events that have happened to her and her friends during ""Sex and the City"". Charlotte is now happily married to Harry Goldenblatt, but she had a hard time getting pregnant - so they adopted a Chinese girl named Lily; Miranda has settled down in Brooklyn with Steve (David Eigenberg) to raise their son Brady together; and Samantha has relocated her business to Los Angeles to be close to Smith (Jason Lewis), who is now a

developing real feelings for him. Harry, however, reveals that he must marry within his Jewish faith, causing Charlotte to actually consider conversion. Carrie begins dating Jack Berger, who is termed her best 'mental match' of all her relationships. However, his struggles as an author and her success with her upcoming book cause too much conflict between them, and they break up. Big returns to New York for angioplasty, and Carrie realizes she still has feelings for him; she also realizes he still cannot fully commit. After he returns to Napa, she meets Aleksandr, a famous Russian artist. Aleksandr seems to

their growing family, she consents to moving to Brooklyn, where they buy a brownstone. After Steve's mother Mary (played by Anne Meara) is revealed to have suffered a stroke and subsequent memory loss, she moves in with the couple. Samantha begins a relationship with a much younger waiter, Jerry Jerrod, who turns out to be a struggling actor. She uses her PR skills to help his career, even changing his name to Smith Jerrod. Despite trying to keep their relationship as casual as her others, she develops true feelings for him. Smith supports her after she is diagnosed with breast

is struggling to get pregnant with Trey's baby and is furious when she discovers that Miranda is not only pregnant but is planning to have an abortion. At the clinic with Carrie, Miranda decides she cannot go through with the procedure and decides to keep the baby. She later gives birth to a son whom she names Brady (Steve's last name). She and Steve share custody, and raise him with the help of Miranda's hired housekeeper/nanny Magda, an older Ukrainian/Eastern European woman who remains a constant in Miranda's life. The show charts Miranda's struggle as a single, working professional mother

a limited edition fine-bound book titled ""The Traveling Wilburys"". Compiled by Olivia Harrison, the book includes rare photographs, recording notes, handwritten lyrics, sketches, and first-hand commentary on the band's history, together with a foreword by Lynne. Petty, Lynne, Olivia Harrison, Barbara Orbison, Keltner and Idle were among those who attended the US launch at a Beverly Hills bookshop in March 2010. In an interview to publicise the book, Lynne expressed his sadness at the deaths of Harrison and Orbison, and reflected: ""The Wilburys was such a wonderful band, such a marvellous thing to be part of. They were the best

"Nancy Hemenway Barton"
Nancy Hemenway Barton Nancy Hemenway Whitten Barton (June 19, 1920 – February 23, 2008) was an American artist who specialized in tapestries created from a wide range of fabrics. She created an art form she called ""bayetage"" -- a combination of flower-dyed wool, bayeta, and collage. Hemenway had one-woman exhibitions at more than 20 museums around the world, including the Art Institute of Chicago, the Farnsworth Art Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum, and the Edinburgh City Art Centre, Scotland. A retrospective exhibition, ""Ahead of Her Time"" is planned for the University of New England Gallery in Portland, Maine in

"Lane Smith (illustrator)"
Lane Smith (illustrator) Lane Smith (born August 25, 1959) is an American illustrator and writer of children's books. He is the Kate Greenaway medalist (2017) known for his eclectic visuals and subject matter both humorous and earnest, such as the contemplative ""Grandpa Green"" which received a Caldecott Honor in 2012 and the outlandish ""Stinky Cheese Man"" which received a Caldecott Honor in 1992. Smith was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but moved to Corona, California at a young age. He spent summers in Tulsa, and cites experiences traveling there via Route 66 as inspirations for his work which combines high and

"Vermeer's Hat"
Vermeer's Hat Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World is a book by the historian Professor Timothy Brook in which he explores the roots of world trade in the 17th century, through six paintings by the Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer. It focuses especially on growing ties between Europe and the rest of the world and the impact of China on the world, during what Brook sees as an ""age of innovation"" and improvisation. Brook argues that globalization, which is often taken to be a modern (i.e. late-20th/21st-century) phenomenon, actually had its roots in

"Christopher Forgues"
Christopher Forgues Christopher Forgues, (also known professionally as C.F. and Kites), is a musician and artist based in Providence, Rhode Island, best known for his graphic novel serial ""Powr Mastrs"". He holds a BFA from the Massachusetts College of Art and Design. Forgues has toured the United States several times, also appearing in Europe and Canada. Forgues employs homemade electronics, effects pedals, and altered acoustic instruments. His graphic novel series, ""Powr Mastrs"", is published by Picturebox. His story ""Mosfet Warlock and the Mechlin Men"" was included in The Best American Comics 2009 edited by Charles Burns. Since May 2011, he

been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes were cast as Violet and Klaus. Handler had first considered Harris for the role of Olaf after seeing him perform the opening number ""It's Not Just for Gays Anymore"", at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, noting ""I just immediately saw someone who could pull off a million things at once"" as was necessary for the character of Olaf, who utilizes various disguises and accents in his quest to steal the Baudelaire fortune. In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman was cast as Mr. Poe, followed shortly after by the

of the 13th book, The End. Author Daniel Handler will serve as a writer and executive producer. On September 4, 2015, it was announced that filmmaker Barry Sonnenfeld and ""True Blood"" showrunner Mark Hudis had agreed to helm the series. Hudis would serve as showrunner, Sonnenfeld as director, and both as executive producers. Daniel Handler is penning the scripts. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire, with the casting call confirming that the series would begin production in March 2016. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Hudis had left

"Emily Browning"
Emily Browning Emily Jane Browning (born 7 December 1988) is an Australian actress and singer. Browning made her film debut in the Australian television film ""The Echo of Thunder""; subsequently, she played roles in the Australian television shows ""High Flyers"", ""Blue Heelers"" and ""Something in the Air"". Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror film ""Ghost Ship"", which introduced her to a wider audience. In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the film ""Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events"" (2004). Browning is also known for

He described the show as a ""gothic treat [that] also offers a wicked line in absurdist humour, and the most gorgeously toybox-like set designs you’ll find anywhere outside a Wes Anderson film."" ""Radio Times"" reviewer Huw Fullerton praised the series for its faithfulness to the original novels. While praising the improved CGI used to make Presley Smith's character Sunny Baudelaire react better to situations, he criticized the addition of supporting ""good"" characters such as Nathan Fillion's Jacques Snicket and Sara Canning's Jacquelyn for ""undercutting the bleakness and loneliness that characterized the novels."" Rohan Naahar of the ""Hindustan Times"" described ""A

the project and they have not yet named a replacement showrunner. However, it was announced that Sonnenfeld and Handler were both still on board, and that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes are cast as Violet and Klaus. In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman and Patrick Warburton were cast as Mr. Poe and Lemony Snicket respectively. The first season, consisting of eight episodes that cover the first four books, was released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017. ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"" was renewed for a second season, which was

A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and Dylan Kingwell joining the cast in the second season. The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books

"Liza Koshy"
Liza Koshy Elizabeth Shaila Koshy (born March 31, 1996) is an American actress, YouTube personality, comedian and television host. She began her career on Vine in 2013, before starting a YouTube channel. Among her acting roles have been Aday Walker in Tyler Perry's horror comedy film ""Boo! A Madea Halloween"" (2016) and The Explorer in the YouTube Premium series ""Escape the Night"" (2017). She starred as Violet Adams in the Hulu drama television series ""Freakish"" (2016–2017), and she both produces and stars as the title character in the YouTube Premium comedy series ""Liza on Demand"", which was released in June

age and change, we're trying to film everything as quickly as possible."" In March 2017, Netflix revealed the series had been renewed for a second season by releasing a video on their social media pointing to a viral marketing website, where a letter written by Snicket revealed the decision. A month later, the series was ""quietly"" renewed for a third season, which Harris confirmed would be the final one for the series. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Neil Patrick Harris had

the first three titles in the series, mixing the various events and characters into one story. It was released on December 17, 2004. Directed by Brad Silberling, it stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf, Meryl Streep as Aunt Josephine, Billy Connolly as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket. The film was successful, however it was also criticized because the tone was comical, when the books were solemn and serious with occasional wry humor. Considering the success of the movie, the director and

"Step by Step (TV series)"
Block Party"". The series' ratings, which had been declining for several seasons, continued to erode, and the show ended its run in June 1998. It ended without an official series finale, although the last episode centered on Frank and Carol considering selling the house. The series' theme song ""Second Time Around"" was written and composed by Jesse Frederick and Bennett Salvay (both wrote the themes for other sitcoms produced by Miller-Boyett Productions such as ""Full House"", ""Perfect Strangers"", and ""Family Matters""), and was performed by Frederick and Teresa James. The full 87-second version of it was only used during the

first season. It was routinely edited over the following three seasons to allow additional time for scenes: the fourth verse was removed and the chorus was truncated in the second season edit, the kid chorus accompanying Jesse Frederick during the chorus' lyrics was removed in the version used during the third season, and the edit heard during most of the fourth season and the entire fifth season (which lasted for only 65 seconds) eliminated the electric guitar/drum/symphonic instrumental at the beginning. The theme song and title sequence were dropped entirely for the sixth season, relegating the credits for the show's

main cast and principal producers to appearing over each episode's cold open (which was preceded for the final two seasons by an abbreviated opening bumper featuring the family applauding as Lily blows out the candles on her birthday cake). The theme song was brought back for the seventh season, upon the show's move from ABC to CBS, although it was edited down to include only the chorus and the closing instrumental flourish (restoring the original longer symphonic instrumental heard in the original long version, and the edits used for the second and third seasons). The amusement park seen in the

"Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)"
spent three weeks at #1 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and was eventually certified platinum; it also spent two weeks at #1 in the Canadian Singles Chart, in total ""Step by Step"" spent five weeks at #1 in the North American charts. It also peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart and was also a top 10 hit in the Australian, French, German, Irish and Norwegian charts. ""Step by Step"" was initially recorded by one of Maurice Starr's other groups, The Superiors and was released as a single in 1987. Donnie Wahlberg's brother Mark Wahlberg appears in the

Step by Step (TV series) Step by Step is an American television sitcom that aired for seven seasons. It ran on ABC as part of its TGIF Friday night lineup from September 20, 1991 to August 15, 1997, then moved to CBS, where it aired from September 19, 1997 to June 26, 1998. Patrick Duffy and Suzanne Somers starred as single parents, each with three children, who spontaneously marry after meeting on vacation, resulting in their becoming the heads of a large blended family. Frank Lambert, a divorced contractor, has three children: John Thomas (J.T.), tomboyish Alicia (Al), and Brendan.

"Step by Step (Annie Lennox song)"
Step by Step (Annie Lennox song) ""Step by Step"" is a song written and originally recorded by singer Annie Lennox, later a cross over pop hit by R&B/pop singer Whitney Houston. The song served as the second single from Houston's 1996 soundtrack album, ""The Preacher's Wife"". Lennox's recording originally appeared as the B-side to her 1992 single ""Precious"" Largely, Houston's version replaces Lennox's verses with new lyrics and omits portions from the bridge as well. Annie Lennox also provides background vocals in Houston's rendition. In an interview for ""The Nation"", Houston said that ""Annie sent me this really beautiful, spiritual

Productions and Lorimar Television (the latter doing so from 1991 to 1993, when Warner Bros. Television assumed production responsibilities for it and Lorimar's other television series after shared corporate parent Time Warner consolidated the two production companies). The casting of Patrick Duffy fulfilled a contractual obligation that Lorimar made to give him a new show after his previous series, ""Dallas"" (which was also produced by Lorimar), had ended its run. It was created off of the idea of combining two of the most popular television stars from the 1970s known for their good looks (Duffy and Somers) to star as

Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song) ""Step by Step"" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang ""Step 1"", Donnie Wahlberg sang ""Step 2"", Jordan Knight sang ""Step 3"", Joey McIntyre sang ""Step 4"", and Jonathan Knight sang ""Step 5."" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990. The song

to tolerate and become loyal to one another. During the series' seven-season run, the main cast changed as the storyline progressed. Frank's nephew, Cody Lambert, was introduced early in the first season as a recurring character (becoming a series regular in the second season) and lived in his van in the driveway; he then left the series in 1996. In the 1994–95 season finale, Carol gave birth to a daughter named Lily. Like many other sitcom babies, she was suddenly aged five years in the sixth season, after having spent the entire fifth season depicted as a baby. In the

Funky Ones. Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song) ""Step by Step"" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang ""Step 1"", Donnie Wahlberg sang ""Step 2"", Jordan Knight sang ""Step 3"", Joey McIntyre sang ""Step 4"", and Jonathan Knight sang ""Step 5."" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990.

governance, and with a prosperous port it was important for the Normans to establish control over the settlement. The other two castles in London – Baynard's Castle and Montfichet's Castle – were established at the same time. The fortification that would later become known as the Tower of London was built onto the south-east corner of the Roman town walls, using them as prefabricated defences, with the River Thames providing additional protection from the south. This earliest phase of the castle would have been enclosed by a ditch and defended by a timber palisade, and probably had accommodation suitable for

and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the

the Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site. The Tower was orientated with its strongest and most impressive defences overlooking Saxon London, which archaeologist Alan Vince suggests was deliberate. It would have visually dominated the surrounding area and stood out to traffic on the River Thames. The castle is made up of three ""wards"", or enclosures. The innermost ward contains the White Tower and is the earliest

a basement floor, an entrance level, and an upper floor. The entrance, as is usual in Norman keeps, was above ground, in this case on the south face, and accessed via a wooden staircase which could be removed in the event of an attack. It was probably during Henry II's reign (1154–1189) that a forebuilding was added to the south side of the tower to provide extra defences to the entrance, but it has not survived. Each floor was divided into three chambers, the largest in the west, a smaller room in the north-east, and the chapel taking up the

of the innermost ward, effectively doubling the castle's size. Henry III created the ward's east and north walls, and the ward's dimensions remain to this day. Most of Henry's work survives, and only two of the nine towers he constructed have been completely rebuilt. Between the Wakefield and Lanthorn Towers, the innermost ward's wall also serves as a curtain wall for the inner ward. The main entrance to the inner ward would have been through a gatehouse, most likely in the west wall on the site of what is now Beauchamp Tower. The inner ward's western curtain wall was rebuilt

entrance and upper floors of the south-east. At the western corners of the building are square towers, while to the north-east a round tower houses a spiral staircase. At the south-east corner there is a larger semi-circular projection which accommodates the apse of the chapel. As the building was intended to be a comfortable residence as well as a stronghold, latrines were built into the walls, and four fireplaces provided warmth. The main building material is Kentish rag-stone, although some local mudstone was also used. Caen stone was imported from northern France to provide details in the Tower's facing, although

cleared for military reasons. The precursor of the Liberties was laid out in the 13th century when Henry III ordered that a strip of land adjacent to the castle be kept clear. Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods. Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II (1377–1399). The White Tower is a keep (also known as a donjon), which was often the

strongest structure in a medieval castle, and contained lodgings suitable for the lord – in this case, the king or his representative. According to military historian Allen Brown, ""The great tower [White Tower] was also, by virtue of its strength, majesty and lordly accommodation, the donjon ""par excellence"""". As one of the largest keeps in the Christian world, the White Tower has been described as ""the most complete eleventh-century palace in Europe"". The White Tower, not including its projecting corner towers, measures at the base, and is high at the southern battlements. The structure was originally three storeys high, comprising

mysterious thief in Harry's vision as Gellert Grindelwald. Harry sees a Patronus in the form of a doe, which leads him to a frozen pond. Gryffindor's sword lies beneath the pond's ice, which Harry breaks and jumps into. The locket around his neck strangles Harry, but Ron arrives and rescues him. Harry uses parseltongue to open the Horcrux locket, which Ron eventually decides to destroy. Hermione and Ron reconcile, and the trio decide to visit Xenophilius Lovegood to learn more about a symbol left in the book Dumbledore left Hermione. Lovegood explains to them that the symbol represents the Deathly

addresses the wizarding media, stating that the Ministry remains strong despite Lord Voldemort gaining power and the Death Eaters committing mass killings of Muggles and infiltrating the Ministry. Meanwhile, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger resolve to complete the mission Albus Dumbledore gave Harry by hunting down and destroying Voldemort's Horcruxes. Severus Snape informs Voldemort of Harry's impending departure from Privet Drive. Voldemort commandeers Lucius Malfoy's wand, due to his own wand sharing the same core as Harry's and therefore being unable to kill him. The Order of the Phoenix escort Harry to safety using Polyjuice Potion. During their

flight, they are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and incapacitate Rubeus Hagrid. Arriving at The Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day, Scrimgeour arrives with Dumbledore's will. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of ""The Tales of Beedle the Bard,"" and Harry receives the first Golden Snitch that he caught in a Quidditch match. Scrimgeour reveals that Harry was also bequeathed the Sword of Gryffindor, which has gone missing. The Death Eaters kill Scrimgeour and replace him with Pius Thicknesse. The

"World Without End (Follett novel)"
year 1327. Four children - Merthin, Caris, Gwenda, and Merthin's brother Ralph - head into the woods on All Hallows Day. Together the children witness two men-at-arms killed in self-defence by Sir Thomas Langley, aided by Ralph. The children then flee, with the exception of Merthin, who helps the wounded Sir Thomas bury a letter with instructions to dig up and deliver it if and when Sir Thomas should die. After this Sir Thomas flees to Kingsbridge and seeks refuge in the monastery and becomes a Benedictine monk, while the four children swear never to speak of what they saw.

"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"
and Goyle. Meanwhile, several major characters are killed in the Battle of Hogwarts, including Remus Lupin, Nymphadora Tonks, and Fred Weasley. In his encampment, Voldemort feels the Elder Wand is not performing as he expected. According to legend, its full allegiance must be won by killing the previous owner, and Voldemort reasons that as Snape killed Dumbledore, he will not be able to fully wield the wand's power until he kills Snape, which he does. Harry arrives as Snape is dying, and Snape passes him memories to view in a pensieve. They reveal Snape had a lifelong love for Harry's

Hallows, three magical objects that can make a wizard master of Death. Hermione reads the story of the Hallows, after which the trio awkwardly attempt to leave but are stopped by Lovegood. He reveals that Luna Lovegood has been kidnapped and then summons the Death Eaters, intending to hand over Harry in exchange for her. Harry, Ron, and Hermione disapparate as Lovegood's house is destroyed. Back in the wilderness, the trio set up camp when Snatchers find them. Hermione uses a curse to disguise Harry as the Snatchers take them to Malfoy Manor. Bellatrix Lestrange imprisons Harry and Ron in

mortal. Harry accepts his death and goes to the Forbidden Forest to allow Voldemort to kill him. On the way he mentions to Neville Longbottom that Voldemort's snake Nagini must be killed to make Voldemort vulnerable. He finally manages to open the Snitch and uses the Resurrection Stone within to seek comfort and courage from his dead loved ones—his parents, Sirius Black, and Lupin—dropping the Stone in the forest before reaching Voldemort's camp. Voldemort uses the Killing Curse and Harry does not defend himself. Harry awakens in a dreamlike location resembling Kings Cross station and is greeted by Dumbledore, who

"The End (novel)"
go into labor. Though she is succumbing to the fungus, she cannot eat the bitter apple due to its unhealthy effects on unborn babies. When the dying Olaf hears that she is still alive, he uses his last effort to get her safely down onto the beach, where he kisses Kit and dies soon after. The Baudelaires help Kit give birth to a baby girl. Kit then dies after requesting that the orphans name the baby after their mother Beatrice. The Baudelaires spend the next year taking care of Kit's daughter, occasionally visiting the graves of Kit and Olaf. After

Dobby apprehend Fletcher, who reveals that the locket is in the possession of Dolores Umbridge. Using Polyjuice Potion, the trio infiltrate the Ministry and find the locket around Umbridge's neck. Harry stuns Umbridge and Hermione retrieves the locket. The trio escape their pursuers by apparating in the wilderness, but Ron is injured and cannot apparate again until he recovers. After unsuccessful attempts to destroy the Horcrux, the trio take turns wearing it to dilute its power. Harry sees a vision of Voldemort interrogating and killing the wand-maker Gregorovitch, who claims a teenage boy stole the legendary Elder Wand from his

shop. While Ron is wearing the locket, he is overcome by negative feelings and argues with Harry before abandoning him and Hermione. Hermione deduces that the Sword of Gryffindor can destroy Horcruxes and decides to go with Harry to Godric's Hollow. They visit Harry's parents' graves and the house where they were killed. They encounter Bathilda Bagshot, who they believe may have the sword. Bathilda lets them into her house before revealing herself as Nagini, possessing Bathilda's reanimated corpse. Hermione and Harry escape into the Forest of Dean, but Hermione accidentally breaks Harry's wand whilst fighting Nagini. She identifies the

"Royal Air Force"
Tornado F3 in late March 2011. Their task is to defend UK airspace. In October 2007 it was announced that MoD Boscombe Down, RNAS Culdrose and RAF Marham would also be used as Quick Reaction Alert bases from early 2008, offering around-the-clock fighter coverage for the South and South West of UK airspace when a direct threat has been identified. The RAF has five front-line and one reserve Typhoon units; 3 (Fighter) Squadron, XI Squadron and 29 (Reserve) Squadron (Operational Conversion Unit) based at RAF Coningsby, with 1 (Fighter) Squadron, II (Army Cooperation) Squadron and 6 Squadron based at RAF

ground radar-surveillance platform based on the Bombardier Global Express long range business jet. These were supplemented in 2009 by four (a fifth was added later) Beechcraft Shadow R1 aircraft equipped for the ISTAR role over Afghanistan. Three more Shadow aircraft will be procured as per the 2015 Defence Review. The Tornado GR4A is fitted with cameras and sensors in the visual, infra-red and radar ranges of the spectrum. Ten MQ-9A Reaper Unmanned aerial vehicles have been purchased to support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. They are operated by No. 39 Squadron RAF based at Creech Air Force Base and 13

Lossiemouth. On 23 November 2015 it was announced that two additional front-line Typhoon squadrons will be formed consisting of Tranche 1 versions. Tornado: The mainstay of the strike fleet are the squadrons of Tornado GR4s. These supersonic aircraft can carry a wide range of weaponry, including Storm Shadow cruise missiles, laser-guided bombs and the ASRAAM missile. Since June 2008, the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 has also been capable of being deployed operationally in the air-to-ground role. The RAF has two operational Tornado units, with IX (Bomber) Squadron and 31 Squadron based at RAF Marham. With the aircraft type nearing its retirement

fleet, with 9 allocated to sole RAF use. As the Voyagers lack a refueling boom, the RAF has requested a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the USAF allowing the UK access to tankers equipped with refueling booms for its Boeing RC-135W Airseeker SIGINT aircraft. Shorter range, tactical-airlift transport is provided by the Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules, known as Hercules C4 and C5 in RAF service and based at RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire. The draw-down of the Hercules C5 fleet has begun with the final aircraft planned to retire in 2019.The fourteen C4 extended variants are scheduled to retire on

the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III in the heavy strategic airlift role, originally leasing four from Boeing. These were purchased, followed by a fifth delivered on 7 April 2008 and a sixth delivered on 8 June 2008. The new aircraft entered frontline use within days rather than weeks. The MoD said there was ""a stated departmental requirement for eight"" C-17s and a seventh was subsequently ordered, to be delivered in December 2010. In February 2012 the purchase of an eighth C-17 was confirmed; the aircraft arrived at RAF Brize Norton in May 2012. More routine strategic airlift transport tasks are carried

and replacement by the F-35, the RAF Lossiemouth-based 15 (Reserve) Squadron (the Tornado Operational Conversion Unit) was disbanded in March 2017. Lightning: On 23 November 2015 it was announced that a total of 138 F-35Bs will be ordered. 617 (The Dambusters) Squadron officially reformed on 18 April 2018 as an RAF Lightning Squadron. The first four aircraft arrived at RAF Marham on 7 June 2018. The Sentry AEW1, based at RAF Waddington, provides airborne early warning to detect incoming enemy aircraft and to co-ordinate the aerial battlefield. The Sentinel R1 (formally known as ASTOR – Airborne STand-Off Radar) provides a

provision of non-generic training and education. These include the Royal Air Force Leadership Centre and the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies, both based at RAF Cranwell, and the Air Warfare Centre, based at RAF Waddington and RAF Cranwell. NCO training and developmental courses occur at RAF Halton and officer courses occur at the Joint Services Command and Staff College at Shrivenham. Typhoon: The Typhoon FGR4 is the RAF's primary multi role air defence and ground attack fighter aircraft, with a total of six squadrons based across RAF Coningsby and RAF Lossiemouth, following the retirement of the Panavia

"United Kingdom military aircraft serial numbers"
were sometimes referred to as ""blackout blocks"". The first example of this practice was an early 1937 order for 200 Avro Manchester bombers which were allotted the serials L7276-7325, L7373-7402, L7415-7434, L7453-7497, L7515-7549 and L7565-7584, covering a range of 309 possible serial numbers, and thus making it difficult for an enemy to estimate true British military aircraft strength. By 1940 the serial Z9978 had been allocated to a Bristol Blenheim and it was decided to restart the sequence with a two-letter prefix, starting at AA100. This sequence is still in use today. Until the 1990s this 2-letter, 3-numeral serial number

main series of single letter serials did not use 'M' to avoid confusion with the suffix 'M'. The Fleet Air Arm use an 'A'-prefixed sequence (e.g. A2606) and the Army Air Corps issue 'TAD' numbers to their instructional airframes (e.g. TAD015). The serial numbers are normally carried in up to four places on each aircraft, on either side of the aircraft on a vertical surface and on the underside of each wing. The underwing serials, originally specified so that in case of unauthorised low flying civilian personnel could report the offending aircraft to the local police, have not been displayed

10 years is for 48 F-35B"". An order for the first 14 aircraft on top of the four already procured for operational test and evaluation is expected later in 2013. The first four of 14 production aircraft were ordered in November 2014. Six further aircraft were ordered on 3 November 2015, with expected delivery in 2016. In November 2015, the government commitment to order 48 F-35B aircraft by 2023, 24 of which will be available for carrier duties. The 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review stated the intent for the UK to purchase 138 F-35 aircraft over the life of

"Triforium (Los Angeles)"
Triforium (Los Angeles) Triforium is a 60-foot high, 60-ton concrete public art sculpture mounted with Venetian glass prisms, light bulbs, and an internal carillon located at Fletcher Bowron Square in the Los Angeles Mall Civic Center complex, located at the intersection of Temple and Main Streets in Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. The mall's architect, Robert Stockwell, commissioned artist Joseph Young to create the sculpture, and it was installed in 1975. Young's original plans called for a kinetic sculpture, which would use motion sensors and a computer controlled system to detect and translate the motions of passersby into patterns

"Frederick Douglass Circle"
Construction on the pedestrian plaza began in 2004 and was to be completed in one year. However, due to numerous construction delays, the plaza was not completed until June 2, 2010. The traffic circle features a complex colored paving pattern that alludes to traditional African American quilt designs. Harlem-based artist Algernon Miller designed the paving. Additional features, including wrought-iron symbolic and decorative elements, a water wall, and inscribed historical details and quotations representing the life of Frederick Douglass and the slaves’ passage to freedom. A central bronze sculpture, depicting a standing Frederick Douglass, has been crafted by Hungarian-born artist Gabriel

Vermonica
Vermonica Vermonica was a public art installation initiated by artist Sheila Klein in May 1993 and uninstalled in November 2017. The sculpture is named for the intersection of Santa Monica Boulevard and Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. Some of the artwork's 25 lamp poles date to 1925, the year Los Angeles's Bureau of Street Lighting opened. Placed in front of a Rite-Aid, the lights glow to illuminate the mini-mall parking lot it is located in at specific times during the night. Sheila Klein cooperated with Los Angeles businesses, bureaus, departments and neighborhoods to erect what she describes as a ""formal

"Blueprints at Addison Circle"
Blueprints at Addison Circle Blueprints at Addison Circle is a steel sculpture located in Addison, Texas inside a roundabout. The sculpture consists of 25 poles and five art panels. The sculpture weighs and required of custom ""Sharpie blue"" paint. The sculpture is more than 4 stories high and across. It was designed by landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh and artist Mel Chin with the aid of LeMessurier Consultants, and was fabricated and erected by Big D Metalworks of Dallas. The poles weighing were made in Houston, Texas and the tapered cones at the top of the poles were made in

Trigadilly
Trigadilly Trigadilly is a public artwork by American sculptor Chas Coburn, located at Union Center Plaza, at 820 First Street NE in Washington, D.C., United States. This sculpture was surveyed in 1993 as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program. A red, blue and yellow abstract sculpture, it consists of a variety of curved pieces connected together, with selected pieces resting on concrete for balance. The sculpture was commissioned by Washington, D.C. property development firm Greenebaum & Rose Associates to be installed at the CNN building. The arrangements and details were handled by the Zenith Gallery of Washington. The

"Traffic circle"
in order to exit the circle. Design criteria include: French architect Eugène Hénard was designing one-way circular intersections as early as 1877. American architect William Phelps Eno favored small traffic circles. He designed New York City's famous Columbus Circle, which was built in 1905. Other circular intersections were subsequently built in the United States, though many were large diameter 'rotaries' that enabled high speed merge and weave maneuvers. These designs were doomed to failure for two primary reasons: The experience with traffic circles and rotaries in the US was almost entirely negative, characterized by high accident rates and congestion problems.

"Duke Ellington Circle"
Duke Ellington Circle Duke Ellington Circle is a traffic circle located at the Northeast corner of Central Park at the foot of Fifth Avenue and of 110th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The traffic circle is named for the jazz musician Duke Ellington. Formerly named ""Frawley Circle"", the traffic circle was renamed ""Duke Ellington Circle"" in 1995. In 1997, a tall statue by sculptor Robert Graham, depicting the Muses — nine nude caryatids — supporting a grand piano and Duke Ellington on their heads was erected in the middle of the shallow amphitheater composing the circle.

New Jersey. The structure was dedicated on April 13, 2000. The design is said to resemble the branching pattern of a grove of oak trees. The five art panels were designed using actual blueprints from Addison’s municipal buildings, parks, bridges, and water pumping facilities. Total cost for the sculpture was $2.1 million. The nighttime lighting was designed by Stephen Bernstein of Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting Design. Blueprints at Addison Circle Blueprints at Addison Circle is a steel sculpture located in Addison, Texas inside a roundabout. The sculpture consists of 25 poles and five art panels. The sculpture weighs and required

"LoCicero Triangle"
LoCicero Triangle Frank P. LoCicero Triangle is a .0057-acre triangular public green space located in the Bellerose neighborhood of Queens, New York. It is named in honor of local resident Frank P. LoCicero (1918-1997) who lived in the area from 1950 until his death. In the years between, LoCicero was an active member and later president of the Bellerose Hillside Civic Association, which fought to maintain the suburban character of the neighborhood. Born in Manhattan, LoCicero studied art at Harran High School in Manhattan and at age 17, was the youngest person at the time to have a sculpture exhibited

"Miracle Mile, Los Angeles"
and architectural ornamentation and massing must be perceptible at 30 MPH (50 km/h) instead of at walking speed. These building forms were driven by practical requirements but contributed to the stylistic language of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne. Ross's moves were unprecedented, a huge commercial success, and proved historically influential. Ross had invented the car-oriented urban form — what Reyner Banham called ""the linear downtown"" model later adopted across the United States. The moves also contributed to Los Angeles's reputation as a city dominated by the car. A sculptural bust of Ross stands at 5800 Wilshire, with the inscription, ""A.

"Leah Remini"
the hopes she could testify that Miscavige has vast influence over the operations of the church and had to have known about the alleged harassment. Remini released her memoir ""Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology"" on November 3, 2015. In a 2015 interview with ""People"" magazine, Remini stated that she was embracing Catholicism and found comfort in the religion's practices, contrasting her experiences with Scientology. Leah Remini Leah Marie Remini (; born June 15, 1970) is an American actress, author, former Scientologist and anti-Scientology activist. She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the long-running CBS comedy series ""The King of Queens"" (1998–2007)

Leah Remini Leah Marie Remini (; born June 15, 1970) is an American actress, author, former Scientologist and anti-Scientology activist. She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the long-running CBS comedy series ""The King of Queens"" (1998–2007) and later co-hosted ""The Talk"" in 2010–11. Since 2016 she has co-produced and hosted the Emmy Award–winning A&E documentary series """". Raised as a member of the Church of Scientology from childhood, Remini left the organization in 2013 and began public criticism of Scientology. Two years later, she released """", her memoir about her experience with Scientology and reasons for leaving it. In 2016,

"Carrie Heffernan"
Carrie Heffernan Carrie Spooner Heffernan is a fictional character on the American sitcom ""The King of Queens"". She appears in all of the show's nine seasons and is one of the show's three central characters. The character is portayed by Leah Remini and lives in Rego Park, Queens, with her husband Doug Heffernan (Kevin James), and her father Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller). Carrie works as a legal secretary during the first 6 seasons and as a real estate firm secretary for the last 3 seasons. Carrie Heffernan (born in Manhattan on July 16 1971) is the sharp-tongued wife of Doug

February 1998 she was subsequently offered the role of Carrie due to her promising comedic performance. Carrie Heffernan is a popular character in sitcom history. ""Examiner.com"" named her the 9th most memorable television wife. Carrie Heffernan Carrie Spooner Heffernan is a fictional character on the American sitcom ""The King of Queens"". She appears in all of the show's nine seasons and is one of the show's three central characters. The character is portayed by Leah Remini and lives in Rego Park, Queens, with her husband Doug Heffernan (Kevin James), and her father Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller). Carrie works as a

"Scream Queens (2015 TV series)"
to publicity obligations for his film ""Magic Mike XXL"". Oliver Hudson was hired as his replacement. On June 24, it was announced that Charisma Carpenter and Roger Bart would portray Chanel #2's (Grande) parents. In August 2015, Philip Casnoff was cast as Cathy's (Curtis) husband. In September 2015, Murphy announced, through his Twitter feed, that Patrick Schwarzenegger had joined the cast. He will portray Chad's (Powell) younger brother, Thad. Chad's older brother, Brad, will be played by Chad Michael Murray; while Alan Thicke and Julia Duffy have been cast as Mr. and Mrs. Radwell. John Stamos, Taylor Lautner and Colton

"Cynthia Farrelly Gesner"
Cynthia Farrelly Gesner Cynthia Farrelly Gesner (born July 19, 1962 in Cumberland, Rhode Island) is an American film actress and entertainment lawyer, known for appearing in the film ""Kingpin"" which was directed by her brothers Bobby and Peter Farrelly. Cynthia graduated from Tufts University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1984 and went on to graduate from Boston University School of Law in 1988. She currently works in entertainment law. Cynthia married former Sinbad star Zen Gesner from the television series ""The Adventures of Sinbad"" in 1997, he is also the son of actress Nan Martin, together they have

"Merrin Dungey"
legal drama ""The Fix"". Dungey is married to Matthew Drake. They married in a Mariachi style wedding ceremony in Cancun, Mexico, in May 2007. Dungey gave birth to their first daughter in June 2008, and a second daughter in 2011. Merrin Dungey Merrin Melissa Dungey (born August 6, 1971) is an American film and television actress, known for her roles on the television series ""The King of Queens"", ""Alias"", ‘’Malcolm in the Middle’’, and ""Summerland"". Dungey also appeared as Ursula on ""Once Upon a Time"", and starred in the legal drama ""Conviction"". Most recently, she appeared on the medical drama

"New York and Queens"
is Carol Channing. Once the traffic clears, the gang realise the truck is out of fuel. To make some quick money, Drew and Lewis sell two cases of beer to a local store clerk (Luis Antonio Ramos). An ice cream cart vendor (Peter Iacangelo) begins hitting the truck, as he thinks the gang are trying to take over his territory, and Drew argues with him. A Detective (Nicholas Turturro) arrives on the scene and arrests the gang for selling alcohol without a license. After returning home to Cleveland, Drew convinces Kate, Lewis and Oswald to go watch a midnight screening

3 sons: Finn Harry Gesner (born 24 July 1997 in Cape Town, South Africa), Rory Farrelly Gesner (born 9 October 2000 in Santa Monica, California), and Tuck John Gesner (born July 11, 2003 in Santa Monica, California). Cynthia Farrelly Gesner Cynthia Farrelly Gesner (born July 19, 1962 in Cumberland, Rhode Island) is an American film actress and entertainment lawyer, known for appearing in the film ""Kingpin"" which was directed by her brothers Bobby and Peter Farrelly. Cynthia graduated from Tufts University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1984 and went on to graduate from Boston University School of Law

Merrin Dungey Merrin Melissa Dungey (born August 6, 1971) is an American film and television actress, known for her roles on the television series ""The King of Queens"", ""Alias"", ‘’Malcolm in the Middle’’, and ""Summerland"". Dungey also appeared as Ursula on ""Once Upon a Time"", and starred in the legal drama ""Conviction"". Most recently, she appeared on the medical drama ""The Resident"", and will costar in the 2019 legal drama ""The Fix"". Dungey was born and raised in Sacramento, California, the younger daughter of Don Dungey, a general services manager and Judith Dungey. As a child, she was active in

"Computers in the classroom"
13% of the nation's public high schools used computers for instruction, although non-users still outnumbered users at a ratio of 2 to 1. The study also concluded that computers proved to be very popular with students, and that applications run on early models included sports statistic managers, administration tools, and physics simulators. In 1975, Apple Inc. began donating Apple 1 model computers to schools, and mainframes began to lose their former dominance over academic research. Computer usage continued to grow rapidly throughout this era. In 1977, it was estimated that over 90% of students at Dartmouth College had used computers

"Home computer"
Home computer Home computers were a class of microcomputers that entered the market in 1977, that started with what Byte Magazine called the ""trinity of 1977"", (the Apple II, the TRS-80 Model I, and the Commodore PET) and which became common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful

schools became a major issue, leaving many teachers unable to provide enough computers for students to use. Despite this, by 1989 computer usage shifted from being a relative rarity in American public schools, to being present in nearly every school district. The early 1990s marked the beginning of modern media technology such as CD-ROMs as well as the development of modern presentation software such as Microsoft PowerPoint. Other computer-based technology including the electronic whiteboard and the laptop computer became widely available to students. In 1990, the Methodist Ladies' College became the first campus to require every student to purchase a

Eventually techniques to suppress interference became standardized. In 1977, referring to computers used in home automation at the dawn of the home computer era, Digital Equipment Corporation CEO Ken Olsen is quoted as saying ""There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home."" Despite Olsen's warning, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, from about 1977 to 1983, it was widely predicted that computers would soon revolutionize many aspects of home and family life as they had business practices in the previous decades. Mothers would keep their recipe catalog in ""kitchen computer"" databases and turn

continuing support of government funding, the prevalence of educational computer usage boomed during this era. Between 1997 and 1999, the ratio of students to multimedia computers decreased from 21 students per machine to less than 10 students per machine. Colleges began creating specialized classrooms designed to provide students with access to the utilization of the most modern technology available. Classrooms such as the ""Classroom 2000"" built at Georgia Tech in 1999 which featured computers with audio and video equipment designed to capture detailed recordings of lectures as a replacement for traditional note taking began to become more common. By 2000,

may be the sales outlet through which they are purchased. Another change from the home computer era is that the once-common endeavour of writing one's own software programs has almost vanished from home computer use. As early as 1965, some experimental projects such as Jim Sutherland's explored the possible utility of a computer in the home. In 1969, the Honeywell Kitchen Computer was marketed as a luxury gift item, and would have inaugurated the era of home computing, but none were sold. Computers became affordable for the general public in the 1970s due to the mass production of the microprocessor

at some point in their college careers. Walter Koetke, the director of a Lexington, Massachusetts school system commented that, ""It's still possible for a student to get through here without using the computer, but he would certainly have to try to do it"". Computer-aided instruction gained widespread acceptance in schools by the early 1980s. It was during this period that drilling and practice programs were first developed for exclusive classroom use. Schools became divided over which computer manufacturers they were willing to support, with grade schools generally using Apple computers and high schools preferring DOS based machines. Hardware shortages in

encyclopedias or databases of financial records; floppy disk-based storage was inadequate in both capacity and speed for multimedia work; and the home computers' graphics chips could only display blocky, unrealistic images and blurry, jagged text that would be difficult to read a newspaper from. Although CD-ROM technology was introduced in 1985 with much promise for its future use, the drives were prohibitively expensive and only interfaced with IBM PCs and compatibles. The ""Boston Phoenix"" stated in 1983 that ""people are catching on to the fact that 'applications' like balancing your checkbook and filing kitchen recipes are actually faster and easier

of 2008, robots are just beginning to make an impact in the home, with Roomba and Aibo leading the charge. This delay wasn't out of keeping with other technologies newly introduced to an unprepared public. Early motorists were widely derided with the cry of ""Get a horse!"" until the automobile was accepted. Television languished in research labs for decades before regular public broadcasts began. In an example of changing applications for technology, before the invention of radio, the telephone was used to distribute opera and news reports, whose subscribers were denounced as ""illiterate, blind, bedridden and incurably lazy people"". Likewise,

laptop. Governments around the world began to take notice of the effectiveness of this policy, and began financial initiatives to significantly increase the use of laptop computers in other colleges as well. In 1996, Bill Clinton made over $2 billion in grants available in the Technology Literacy Challenge Fund, a program which challenged schools to make computers available to every student, connected to the outside world, and engaging. This marked a significant increase in the demand for computer technology in many public school systems throughout the globe. Correlating with the development of modern operating systems like Windows 98 and the

"New media"
Cold War and the design of the Web took place at exactly the same time."" Writers and philosophers such as Marshall McLuhan were instrumental in the development of media theory during this period. His now famous declaration in """" (1964) that ""the medium is the message"" drew attention to the too often ignored influence media and technology themselves, rather than their ""content,"" have on humans' experience of the world and on society broadly. Until the 1980s media relied primarily upon print and analog broadcast models, such as those of television and radio. The last twenty-five years have seen the rapid

have risen in usage in recent years and have become an online resource for acquiring information. In the 1950s, connections between computing and radical art began to grow stronger. It was not until the 1980s that Alan Kay and his co-workers at Xerox PARC began to give the computability of a personal computer to the individual, rather than have a big organization be in charge of this. ""In the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, we seem to witness a different kind of parallel relationship between social changes and computer design. Although causally unrelated, conceptually it makes sense that the

"New Media Age"
Butcher took over as editor, when Dwyer, Jones and Stewart left to start the European operation of Jupiter Research. Later that year, the title moved to a magazine format. Butcher resigned in 2000 to join The Industry Standard Europe. He was replaced by Michael Nutley in 2000. In 2007, Nutley became editor-in-chief, and Justin Pearse was promoted from deputy editor to editor. The current news editor is Will Cooper and the features editor is Anna Richardson. The publisher is Andy Oakes. The magazine was aimed at people within UK companies using interactive media to communicate with their customers, and at

is in control of information, experience and resources"" (Shapiro cited in Croteau and Hoynes 2003: 322). W. Russell Neuman (1991) suggests that whilst the ""new media"" have technical capabilities to pull in one direction, economic and social forces pull back in the opposite direction. According to Neuman, ""We are witnessing the evolution of a universal interconnected network of audio, video, and electronic text communications that will blur the distinction between interpersonal and mass communication and between public and private communication"" (Neuman cited in Croteau and Hoynes 2003: 322). Neuman argues that new media will: Consequently, it has been the contention

"Information Age"
Information Age The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age) is a historic period in the 21st century characterized by the rapid shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information technology. The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution, just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the Industrial Age. The definition of what ""digital"" means (or what ""information"" means) continues to change over time as new technologies, user devices, methods of interaction with other humans and devices enter

"New media art"
telecommunications, mass media and digital electronic modes of delivering the artworks involve, with practices ranging from conceptual to virtual art, performance to installation. The origins of new media art can be traced to the moving photographic inventions of the late 19th century such as the zoetrope (1834), the praxinoscope (1877) and Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope (1879). From the 1920s through the 1950s, various forms of kinetic and light art, from Thomas Wilfred's 'Lumia' (1919) and 'Clavilux' light organs to Jean Tinguely's self-destructing sculpture 'Homage to New York' (1960) can be seen as progenitors of new media art. In 1958 Wolf Vostell

New Media Age New Media Age (NMA) was a weekly news magazine, covering business is use of interactive media in the UK is now Econsultancy. New Media Age is owned by Centaur Media plc. It was launched as a newsletter in May 1995 under editor Phil Dwyer with reporters Nick Jones and Catherine Stewart. They worked together in Centaur's newsletter's division and conceived the idea in 1994 Once considered title for the publication was InfoBahn. They were joined by freelancer Julianna Koranteng. They were joined by Mike Butcher in 1996, who subsequently became Deputy Editor under Dwyer. In 1998, Mike

"Feminism and media"
used newspapers, television, radio, and published papers to spread their message. Prior to 1960, both men and women accepted the reality of traditional gender and family roles. But, when the second-wave feminism began, women challenged these roles both at home and at work. (Beck, 1998). Betty Friedan's 1963 book, ""The Feminine Mystique"", has been said to have spurred the second-wave movement due to its discussion of the unhappiness of (white, middle-class) women “with their limited gender roles and their sense of isolation in the suburban nuclear family,” (Mendes, 2011). It was also during this period (around the 1960s and 1970s)

addition, many roles in this era portrayed the woman as independent, thus not needing or seeking out a man. Third-wave feminism started beginning in the early 1990s and continues into the present. This movement grew as a response of the supposed failures and criticism of the second-wave movement. The goals of the movement were broadened from the second wave to focus on ideas such as lesbian theory, abolishing gender roles and stereotypes, and defending sex work, pornography, and sex-positivity. The movement has a focus on lesbian and African American women as distinct from traditional feminists, and it has weakened many

feminists promoted the idea that ""gender is an absolute rather than a relative category"". An early depiction of this view includes Valerie Solanas's, S.C.U.M Manifesto written in 1967. The major legislative focus of the wave was on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which guaranteed social equality regardless of sex. The ERA made it to Congress for ratification, but failed to be ratified. The second-wave is said to have ended in the early 1980s with the discussion of sexuality and pornography, issues that were discussed during the third wave. With more advanced technology in the second wave, feminists

"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 5)"
to sort of inform [Talbot's] motivation to become what he's becoming. That was our main tie-in, trying to drive our own antagonist. We felt like that was a good way to deal with it, but keep the things in world in our story."" The season began airing in the United States on ABC on December 1, 2017, beginning once ""Inhumans"" finished airing its episodes. It is set to run for 22 episodes, with a short hiatus for the airing of the 2018 Winter Olympics between ""Past Life"" and ""All the Comforts of Home"". The season concluded on May 18, 2018.

Gregg made his directorial debut on the series during the season, which features the series' 100th episode that was promoted with a special commemorative art program. The fifth season began airing on December 1, 2017, and ran for 22 episodes on ABC until May 18, 2018. The two-part premiere debuted to 2.54 million viewers, marking the lowest-rated season premiere of the series. Despite consistently low viewership, critical reception of the season was positive, with many commending the series for its ambition, in particular praising the futuristic space setting during its first half and exploration of time travel. Critics also praised

the performances, character development and writing. The series was renewed for a sixth season on May 14, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2017, ahead of the mid-season premiere of the fourth season, ABC's Channing Dungey said that she was ""very bullish"" about ""S.H.I.E.L.D.""s future, feeling that ""the episodes just keep getting better and stronger"". The series was renewed for a fifth season of 22 episodes on May 11, with ABC looking to lower the cost of the series moving forward, by reducing its budget and licensing fee. Asked whether she had considered giving the season a shorter episode order, Dungey noted

by ABC and Marvel on November 26, 2017, as a sneak peek before the season premiere later that week. Marvel released three roundtable discussions in support of the series reaching 100 episodes. Hosted by Patton Oswalt, who has portrayed The Koenigs in the series, the first was released on March 8, 2018 with the women of the series. The second, which release on March 9, featured the full cast, while the third debuted on March 12 with the executive producers. All premiered on Marvel.com while also being available on Marvel and the series' social media platforms and Marvel's YouTube channel.

Earth: episodes through ""Past Life"" feature a destroyed future Earth; episodes from ""Principia"" through ""The Devil Complex"" feature a present Earth; while episodes from ""Rise and Shine"" through ""All Roads Lead..."" feature the Earth beginning to crack. Filming for the season began on July 20, 2017. In May 2017, Gregg expressed interest in directing an episode in the season, and confirmed that September he would be directing an episode, which was the sixth of the season, ""Fun & Games"". Gregg felt the idea of directing was ""daunting"" as he would need to be doing ""five weeks of double duty"", needing

Model Decoys (LMD) and the Framework reality, Jeffrey Mace sacrificing himself in the Framework, and Coulson's kiss with the May LMD. The fifth and final poster, highlighting this season, was created by Stonehouse. Flanked on either side are Kasius and Sinara, with the S.H.I.E.L.D. team and Deke in the center in front of the destroyed Earth of the future as well as Fitz reuniting with Simmons. The season began streaming on Netflix in the United States on June 17, 2018. The season averaged 3.57 million total viewers, including from DVR, ranking 133rd among network series in the 2017–18 television season.

"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 6)"
out that the animated version had more purple accents in the costume and a darker, shorter hairstyle where the purple highlights ""[frame] her face"", compared to Bennet's ""softer highlights"". Quake's gauntlets remain similar from previous seasons. Filming for the season began on July 16, 2018, with Gregg returning to the series to direct the first episode of the season. Filming wrapped by December 18, 2018. The sixth season is set to begin airing in July 2019, running for 13 episodes on ABC. On holding the season until mid-2019, Dungey said, ""By putting it on the summer we feel we can

"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D."
our experience has been that it's something the viewers enjoy, and it makes it a little easier to digest when you're telling some of these stories."" Whedon also noted it would depend on how the season would be ""broken up in terms of airing. If everything is running back-to-back, it feels weird to start calling it different things... We will try to have it in bite-sized chunks."" The season began airing its episodes on December 1, 2017, once ""Inhumans"" has aired its eight episodes, with the intent for all 22 episodes to air mostly uninterrupted; a short hiatus was taken

Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series ""Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D."", based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement, and Logistics Division), revolves around the character of Phil Coulson and other S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and allies as they try to save humanity. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The season is produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and Mutant Enemy Productions, with Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in May 2017. Alongside Clark Gregg,

forms one of the principal axes of the city, from the Palace of Westminster to the Tower of London. At this point, it historically formed the southern boundary of the medieval city, with Southwark, on the opposite bank, then being part of Surrey. Beyond central London, the river passes Bermondsey, Wapping, Shadwell, Limehouse, Rotherhithe, Millwall, Deptford, Greenwich, Cubitt Town, Blackwall, New Charlton and Silvertown, before flowing through the Thames Barrier, which protects central London from flooding by storm surges. Below the barrier, the river passes Woolwich, Thamesmead, Dagenham, Erith, Purfleet, Dartford, West Thurrock, Northfleet, Tilbury and Gravesend before entering the

River Thames The River Thames, ( ) known alternatively in parts as the Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It flows through Oxford (where it is called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains

Its catchment area covers a large part of south-eastern and a small part of western England; the river is fed by 38 named tributaries. The river contains over 80 islands. With its waters varying from freshwater to almost seawater, the Thames supports a variety of wildlife and has a number of adjoining Sites of Special Scientific Interest, with the largest being in the remaining parts of the North Kent Marshes and covering . The Thames, from Middle English ""Temese"", is derived from the Brittonic Celtic name for the river, ""Tamesas"" (from *""tamēssa""), recorded in Latin as ""Tamesis"" and yielding modern

is managed by the Port of London Authority. The flood threat here comes from high tides and strong winds from the North Sea, and the Thames Barrier was built in the 1980s to protect London from this risk. The Nore is the sandbank that marks the mouth of the Thames Estuary, where the outflow from Thames meets the North Sea. It is roughly halfway between Havengore Creek in Essex and Warden Point on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent. Until 1964 it marked the seaward limit of the Port of London Authority. As the sandbank was a major hazard for

two Summer Olympic Games: 1908 (rowing) and 1948 (rowing and canoeing). Safe headwaters and reaches are a summer venue for organised swimming, which is prohibited on safety grounds in a stretch centred on Central London. The usually quoted source of the Thames is at Thames Head (at ). This is about north of Kemble parish church in southern Gloucestershire, near the town of Cirencester, in the Cotswolds. However, Seven Springs near Cheltenham, where the Churn (which feeds into the Thames near Cricklade) rises, is also sometimes quoted as the Thames' source, as this location is furthest from the mouth, and

shipping coming in and out of London, in 1732 it received the world's first lightship. This became a major landmark, and was used as an assembly point for shipping. Today it is marked by Sea Reach No. 1 Buoy. The River Thames contains over 80 islands ranging from the large estuarial marshlands of the Isle of Sheppey and Canvey Island to small tree-covered islets like Rose Isle in Oxfordshire and Headpile Eyot in Berkshire. They are found all the way from the Isle of Sheppey in Kent to Fiddler's Island in Oxfordshire. Some of the largest inland islands, for example

Robot
word, ""robota"", meaning ""forced labor""; the word 'robot' was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 play ""R.U.R."" ""(Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti - Rossum's Universal Robots)"" by the Czech writer, Karel Čapek but it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor. Electronics evolved into the driving force of development with the advent of the first electronic autonomous robots created by William Grey Walter in Bristol, England in 1948, as well as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools in the late 1940s by John T. Parsons and Frank L. Stulen. The first commercial, digital and

Robot
was named by his brother Karel as the true inventor of the term robot. The word 'robot' itself was not new, having been in the Slavic language as ""robota"" (forced laborer), a term which classified those peasants obligated to compulsory service under the feudal system (see: Robot Patent). Čapek's fictional story postulated the technological creation of artificial human bodies without souls, and the old theme of the feudal ""robota"" class eloquently fit the imagination of a new class of manufactured, artificial workers. English pronunciation of the word has evolved relatively quickly since its introduction. In the U.S. during the late

Robot
including Ancient China, Ancient Greece, and Ptolemaic Egypt, attempted to build self-operating machines, some resembling animals and humans. Early descriptions of automata include the artificial doves of Archytas, the artificial birds of Mozi and Lu Ban, a ""speaking"" automaton by Hero of Alexandria, a washstand automaton by Philo of Byzantium, and a human automaton described in the ""Lie Zi"". Many ancient mythologies, and most modern religions include artificial people, such as the mechanical servants built by the Greek god Hephaestus (Vulcan to the Romans), the clay golems of Jewish legend and clay giants of Norse legend, and Galatea, the mythical

Robot
taught to perform multiple, more complicated tasks. Sawyer was added in 2015 for smaller, more precise tasks. The word ""robot"" was introduced to the public by the Czech interwar writer Karel Čapek in his play ""R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)"", published in 1920. The play begins in a factory that uses a chemical substitute for protoplasm to manufacture living, simplified people called ""robots."" The play does not focus in detail on the technology behind the creation of these living creatures, but in their appearance they prefigure modern ideas of androids, creatures who can be mistaken for humans. These mass-produced workers are

Robot
patent for a torpedo remotely controlled by ""Hertzian"" (radio) waves and in 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a wireless-controlled torpedo that he hoped to sell to the US Navy. Archibald Low, known as the ""father of radio guidance systems"" for his pioneering work on guided rockets and planes during the First World War. In 1917, he demonstrated a remote controlled aircraft to the Royal Flying Corps and in the same year built the first wire-guided rocket. 'Robot' was first applied as a term for artificial automata in the 1920 play ""R.U.R."" by the Czech writer, Karel Čapek. However, Josef Čapek

"History of robots"
the 12th century Renaissance. The early 13th-century artist-engineer Villard de Honnecourt sketched plans for several automata. At the end of the 13th century, Robert II, Count of Artois, built a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated a number of robots, humanoid and animal. Among the first verifiable automation is a humanoid drawn by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) in around 1495. Leonardo's notebooks, rediscovered in the 1950s, contain detailed drawings of a mechanical knight in armour which was able to sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw. In 1533, Johannes Müller von Königsberg created

History of robots The history of robots has its origins in the ancient world. The modern concept began to be developed with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, which allowed the use of complex mechanics, and the subsequent introduction of electricity. This made it possible to power machines with small compact motors. In the early 20th century, the notion of a humanoid machine was developed. Today, one can envisage human-sized robots with the capacity for near-human thoughts and movement. The first uses of modern robots were in factories as industrial robots – simple fixed machines capable of manufacturing tasks which

Robot
statue of Pygmalion that came to life. Since circa 400 BC, myths of Crete include Talos, a man of bronze who guarded the island from pirates. In ancient Greece, the Greek engineer Ctesibius (c. 270 BC) ""applied a knowledge of pneumatics and hydraulics to produce the first organ and water clocks with moving figures."" In the 4th century BC, the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum postulated a mechanical steam-operated bird he called ""The Pigeon"". Hero of Alexandria , a Greek mathematician and inventor, created numerous user-configurable automated devices, and described machines powered by air pressure, steam and water. The 11th

Robotics
of robots. This field overlaps with electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mechatronics, nanotechnology and bioengineering. The word ""robotics"" was derived from the word ""robot"", which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play ""R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)"", which was published in 1920. The word ""robot"" comes from the Slavic word ""robota"", which means labour/work. The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called ""robots"", creatures who can be mistaken for humans – very similar to the modern ideas of androids. Karel Čapek himself did not coin the word. He wrote a short letter

Robot
help their master. They looked like real women and could not only speak and use their limbs but were endowed with intelligence and trained in handwork by the immortal gods."" The words ""robot"" or ""android"" are not used to describe them, but they are nevertheless mechanical devices human in appearance. ""The first use of the word Robot was in Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) (written in 1920)"". Writer Karel Čapek was born in Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic). Possibly the most prolific author of the twentieth century was Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) who published over five-hundred books. Asimov is probably best

"Regular Show (season 1)"
what he desired for the series. The season was storyboarded and written by J. G. Quintel, Sean Szeles, Shion Takeuchi, Mike Roth, Jake Armstrong, Benton Connor, Kat Morris, Paul Scarlata and Kent Osborne, while being produced by Cartoon Network Studios. Roth is Creative Director and Janet Dimon is producer. The show is rated TV-PG for rude language, mild sexual innuendo, and suggestive humor/themes, and occasionally TV-PG-V for mild to moderate violence, including comic slapstick, fantasy violence, scenes of peril and threat, nonlethal use of explosives, weapons, and firearms, and visual and verbal references to death and dying. Despite not airing

"Mad TV (season 1)"
Mad TV (season 1) The first season of ""Mad TV"", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on the Fox Network between October 14, 1995, and June 22, 1996. ""Mad TV""'s first season premiered in the 1995 television season, on October 14 at 11 p.m., thirty minutes before the time-slot of its chief rival, ""Saturday Night Live"". The original ""Mad TV"" repertory cast members were Bryan Callen, David Herman, Orlando Jones, Phil LaMarr, Artie Lange, Mary Scheer, Nicole Sullivan, and Debra Wilson, with Craig Anton as a featured player. The first season's cast was a mixture

home video rights to Mad TV and released the 2nd season on March 26, 2013. Mad TV (season 1) The first season of ""Mad TV"", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on the Fox Network between October 14, 1995, and June 22, 1996. ""Mad TV""'s first season premiered in the 1995 television season, on October 14 at 11 p.m., thirty minutes before the time-slot of its chief rival, ""Saturday Night Live"". The original ""Mad TV"" repertory cast members were Bryan Callen, David Herman, Orlando Jones, Phil LaMarr, Artie Lange, Mary Scheer, Nicole Sullivan, and Debra

members he had worked with on ""The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack"", to compose the staff of the show, as their style matched close to what he desired for the series. ""Regular Show"" was picked up by Cartoon Network, who decided to create a twelve-episode first season. The first episode of ""Regular Show""'s first season is ""The Power"", ending with the season finale ""Mordecai and the Rigbys"". The season was storyboarded and written by J. G. Quintel, Sean Szeles, Shion Takeuchi, Mike Roth, Jake Armstrong, Benton Connor, Kat Morris, Paul Scarlata, and Kent Osborne, while being produced by Cartoon Network Studios.

"Mad Men (season 1)"
Peggy Olson, starting her first day with the firm. As the season unfolds, the mysterious backstory of enigmatic ad man Don Draper is revealed as are the growing confidence and success of Peggy Olson. The first season was highly praised for its excellence in writing, acting, and art design, as well as for its faithfulness to the era it depicted. It was acknowledged with numerous honors from industry awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama Series, and a Peabody Award. The first season opens in March 1960, as genius advertising

T.G.I.S.
T.G.I.S. T.G.I.S. is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark A. Reyes, it stars Bobby Andrews, Onemig Bondoc, Angelu de Leon and Michael Flores. It premiered on August 12, 1995 on the network's Saturday line up. The series concluded on November 27, 1999 with a total of 233 episodes. The series' title is derived from the expression ""TGIF."" Delos Santos, Umali, Dela Cruz, Llansang, and Martinez were part of the original cast, but had more screen time in the second batch. Members of both batches would intermittently appear in both TGIS and the first year

"S.W.A.T. (1975 TV series)"
S.W.A.T. (1975 TV series) S.W.A.T. is an American action/crime drama television series about the adventures of a Special Weapons And Tactics (S.W.A.T.) team operating in an unidentified California city. A spin-off of ""The Rookies"", the series aired on ABC from February 1975 to April 1976. Aaron Spelling and Leonard Goldberg were executive producers. It was created by Robert Hamner and developed by Rick Husky. ""S.W.A.T."" stars Steve Forrest as the unit's leader, Lt. ""Hondo"" Harrelson, Robert Urich as Officer Jim Street, Rod Perry as Sgt. David ""Deacon"" Kay, Mark Shera as Officer Dominic Luca, and James S. Coleman as Officer

"Regular Show"
time slot among all key boy demos across all of television according to Nielsen Media Research. The pilot's premiere was watched by 2.097 million viewers. For the following episodes of the first season, viewership increased by over 10 percent from the time period of the previous year. For instance, the entry was viewed by 1.339 million children aged 2–11, a 65 percent increase from the previous year. It was also watched by 716,000 children aged 9–14; a 43 percent increase. The second-season premiere, ""Ello Gov'nor"", marked a decline from the first-season premiere's figures. It gained 2.067 million views, but it

"W.I.T.C.H. (TV series)"
under their supervision, ultimately being responsible for just over half of the first season. Due to the show's unusually heavy use of continuity for a cartoon, Nicholls and Vickers planned out the season arc and even individual episode stories beforehand, and gave the other writers very careful instructions covering even smaller details of the series to avoid contradictions and repetition throughout the episodes. The director for this season was Marc Gordon-Bates, who was unfamiliar with the series and surprised that he was offered the position over other directors with greater interest in the project and more relevant prior experience. At

"Blue Jean"
Blue Jean ""Blue Jean"" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie for his sixteenth studio album ""Tonight"". One of only two tracks on the album to be written entirely by Bowie, it was released as a single ahead of the album and charted within the Top 10 in the UK and the United States, peaking at No. 6 and No. 8, respectively. The song is loosely inspired by Eddie Cochran. Following the commercial success of Bowie's previous album, ""Let's Dance"", its singles and the Serious Moonlight Tour, ""Blue Jean"" was launched with a 21-minute short film, Jazzin' for

"Diane Renay"
Things New"", a double-CD compilation album of her work (including many previously unreleased tracks) from the 1960s through the 1990s. Diane Renay Diane Renay (born July 13, 1945), born Renee Diane Kushner, is an American pop singer, best known for her 1964 hit song, ""Navy Blue"". Renay was born to a Jewish family in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She started singing at an early age and took voice lessons from Artie Singer, a voice teacher who also managed Danny and the Juniors (of ""At the Hop"" fame). Singer encouraged Renay to pursue a recording career. Renay attended Northeast High School (Philadelphia,

Diane Renay Diane Renay (born July 13, 1945), born Renee Diane Kushner, is an American pop singer, best known for her 1964 hit song, ""Navy Blue"". Renay was born to a Jewish family in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She started singing at an early age and took voice lessons from Artie Singer, a voice teacher who also managed Danny and the Juniors (of ""At the Hop"" fame). Singer encouraged Renay to pursue a recording career. Renay attended Northeast High School (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Record producer/songwriter Pete DeAngelis was a frequent customer at the Kushners' family jewelry store, and Renay's parents arranged for

"Ocean Blue (song)"
Ocean Blue (song) ""Ocean Blue"" is a song by English new wave and synth-pop band ABC, released as the fourth single from their third studio album, ""How to Be a ... Zillionaire!"" The song peaked at No. 51 on the UK Singles Chart; the song failed to chart on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The single was the only single from the album not to chart on the Hot 100; their next single to chart there would be ""When Smokey Sings"" the following year. The single version was remixed by Julian Mendelsohn with a drum-track by David Palmer and a string-arrangement

"Blue on Black"
inspired by the imagery evoked in the song's lyrics. Proceeds from the model were to be donated to Providence House, a Shreveport, Louisiana shelter and development program for homeless families with children. Blue on Black ""Blue on Black"" is a song by American blues rock band Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band. Written by Shepherd with songwriters Mark Selby and Tia Sillers, Noah Hunt provides the lead vocal. The song was originally released on their second studio album, ""Trouble Is..."" (1997). On April 7, 1998, it was released as a single and spent 42 weeks on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Mainstream Rock

"Blue Songs (album)"
Blue Songs (album) Blue Songs is the second studio album by American electronic music band Hercules and Love Affair, released on January 28, 2011 by Moshi Moshi Records. The album features guest appearances from Bloc Party's Kele Okereke on the song ""Step Up,"" and also includes vocal contributions from Kim Ann Foxman, Aerea Negrot and Shaun Wright. The song ""It's Alright"" is a cover of the Pet Shop Boys' 1988 song of the same name, originally recorded and released by Sterling Void and Paris Brightledge in 1987. ""Blue Songs"" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns

"Blue (English band)"
Blue (English band) Blue is an English boyband consisting of members Antony Costa, Duncan James, Lee Ryan and Simon Webbe. The band originally formed in 2000 and has released three studio albums, ""All Rise"" (2001), ""One Love"" (2002) and ""Guilty"" (2003) that all peaked at number one in the United Kingdom alongside releasing 16 singles, over a four-year period. The group also worked alongside artists such as Stevie Wonder, Elton John and Lil' Kim. In late 2004, the group announced a hiatus and released their first compilation album, ""Best of Blue"", on 15 November 2004. The band reunited once again

"The Crescents"
The Crescents The Crescents were a vocal harmony group which formed in Sydney, Australia in late 1958 under the name The 4 Tops (not associated with American quartet, the Four Tops). The Crescents were best known for their Top 10 hit ""Mr. Blue"" and for their tours with Lee Gordon's ""Big Shows"" supporting Johnnie Ray, Fabian, and Ricky Nelson. Dennis O'Keefe, Kel Palace, Mike Downes, and Col Loughnan formed The 4 Tops, however a few months later O'Keefe left, and the remaining trio changed their name to The Crescents. Johnny O'Keefe became their manager, and promoted his young vocalists with

"Blue on Blue (song)"
clothing company Gina Tricot. In 2017 Marc Almond released the song on his album of mainly cover songs called ""Shadows & Reflections"". Almond had previously sung the song at a Burt Bacharach evening at the London Palladium, which Bacharach performed in himself. Blue on Blue (song) ""Blue on Blue"" is a popular song composed by Burt Bacharach with lyrics by Hal David, first recorded by Bobby Vinton in 1963. Vinton's single spent 13 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 3 on July 6, 1963, while reaching No. 2 on ""Billboard""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Middle-Road Singles chart. Vinton's single was

"Feeling So Blue"
Feeling So Blue ""Feeling So Blue"" is a song by German musical group Michael Mind Project headed by German music producer and DJ Michael Mind. The single features vocals from American singer Dante Thomas. It was released on 15 June 2012 becoming a hit in France, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The song is based on a sample from the well-known 1999 hit ""Blue (Da Ba Dee)"" by Eiffel 65, as written and composed by Maurizio Lobina, Gianfranco Randone and Massimo Gabutti. Michael Mind Project has also revealed that sample came about after the sample of O-Zone's ""Dragostea Din Tei"" from

"Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum"
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American outdoor sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team of the Pac-12 Conference. It is also the temporary home of the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). The Coliseum was home to the Rams from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim. The Coliseum is serving as their home stadium again until the completion of Los Angeles Stadium at

"UCLA–USC rivalry"
UCLA–USC rivalry The UCLA–USC rivalry refers to the American collegiate athletics rivalry between the UCLA Bruins sports teams of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and USC Trojans sports teams of the University of Southern California (USC). UCLA teams have won a total of 116 NCAA Division I championships. Only Stanford University, with 117, has more, while USC has the third most NCAA Division I-sanctioned team championships at 106. Both universities are located in Los Angeles. The rivalry between the two is among the more unusual in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I sports, because the campuses are

"Notre Dame–USC football rivalry"
Notre Dame–USC football rivalry The Notre Dame–USC football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team of the University of Notre Dame and USC Trojans football team of the University of Southern California, customarily on the Saturday following Thanksgiving Day when the game is played in Los Angeles or on the third Saturday of October when the game is played in South Bend. Notre Dame and USC have traditionally been counted among the elite programs in college football, with the schools having won a combined 22 national championships and 14 Heisman Trophies. This

head of the Notre Dame Club of Los Angeles, commissioned a second shillelagh, longer than the original and handcrafted from a blackthorn in County Leitrim with gold and jeweled medallions made by Images Jewelers of Elkhart, Indiana. Official Jeweler of The University of Notre Dame. Notre Dame–USC football rivalry The Notre Dame–USC football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team of the University of Notre Dame and USC Trojans football team of the University of Southern California, customarily on the Saturday following Thanksgiving Day when the game is played in Los Angeles

California Gov. William D. Stephens signed California Assembly Bill 626, establishing the Southern Branch of the University of California. UCLA moved to its current location in 1927 when it was renamed the University of California at Los Angeles. USC had been playing football since 1888 and joined the Pacific Coast Conference in 1922. UCLA started playing football in 1919 and joined the PCC in 1928. UCLA–USC rivalry The UCLA–USC rivalry refers to the American collegiate athletics rivalry between the UCLA Bruins sports teams of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and USC Trojans sports teams of the University of

with the winners donating more blood to the American Red Cross. UCLA won in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. On November 13, 2012, UCLA served notice to the USC Marching Band that its drum major would not be allowed to stab a sword into the Bruins logo before the game in the Rose Bowl on November 17, 2012. For a number of years, the schools shared the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as their home stadium until UCLA moved to the Rose Bowl for the 1982 season. Each school alternated as the ""home"" team for the game, with home fans on

berth in the Rose Bowl to face the Big Ten Conference champion was the ultimate goal that was awarded to the then-Pacific-10 conference champion. Through the 2016 season, USC has appeared in the Rose Bowl 34 times and UCLA has appeared 12 times. During the BCS era (1998–2013), the Rose Bowl was the destination for the first-place Big Ten and Pac-12 teams, should either fail to qualify for the BCS championship game. Since the establishment of the CFP in 2014, the Rose Bowl is one of six bowls that rotates as host of a CFP semifinal game; in years in

the founding and growth patterns of the schools. UCLA is located on the Westside of Los Angeles and is nestled between many several of the most affluent and desirable communities in southern California: Brentwood, Bel-Air, Beverly Hills and Westwood. Although this area was relatively remote and unsettled at the time of UCLA's founding, decades of growth in the area around campus means that UCLA is hardly the suburban location it once was. In 2012, Bruins football coach Jim Mora said he sold recruits on the safety of UCLA's campus location. ""I mean, we don't have murders one block off our

"Victory Bell (UCLA–USC)"
There have been seven ties and one overtime game (1996, 2OT) in the history of the series. In the event of a tie, the Victory Bell was retained by the last winner. With the institution of the overtime rule in FBS in 1996, the tie rule became obsolete. From 1929 until 1981, the two teams played in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum; the Rose Bowl became UCLA's home field in 1982. Victory Bell (UCLA–USC) The Victory Bell is the trophy that is awarded to the winner of the UCLA–USC football rivalry game. The game is an American college football rivalry

"Galen Center"
Galen Center The Galen Center is a multipurpose indoor arena and athletic facility owned and operated by the University of Southern California. Located at the southeast corner of Jefferson Boulevard and Figueroa Street in the Exposition Park area of Los Angeles, California, United States, it is right across the street from the campus and near the Shrine Auditorium. The Galen Center is the home of the USC Trojans basketball and USC volleyball; in addition it hosts concerts, pageants, theatrical performances, high school graduation ceremonies, CIF championships and the Academic Decathlon. The annual Kids' Choice Awards were held here from 2011

"I Need Your Love Tonight"
I Need Your Love Tonight ""I Need Your Love Tonight"" is a song written by Sid Wayne and Bix Reichner and recorded by Elvis Presley on June 10, 1958, in RCA Studios, Nashville, Tennessee. It was the second of several single releases recorded at a final session conducted just prior to Presley leaving the US for Germany to serve in the United States Army; he would not return to a recording studio until the spring of 1960. The song reached number four on the ""Billboard"" pop singles chart in 1959. Released as a double A-side with ""A Fool Such as

"Need Your Loving Tonight"
Need Your Loving Tonight ""Need Your Loving Tonight"" is a song by the rock band Queen and written by bass guitarist John Deacon. It is the fourth track on the first side of their 1980 album ""The Game"" and the second song on the album by Deacon (the other being ""Another One Bites the Dust""). It was released as a single in November 1980 and peaked at #44 in the United States. Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine felt that the band sounded like Boston on the song. ""Ultimate Classic Rock"" critic Eduardo Rivadavia described the song as ""infectious power pop.""

"Need Your Love (Cheap Trick song)"
Need Your Love (Cheap Trick song) Need Your Love is a song written by Rick Nielsen and Tom Petersson that was originally performed by American rock band Cheap Trick. The song appeared on Cheap Trick's 1979 album ""Dream Police"". A live version was included on the 1978 album ""Cheap Trick at Budokan"", which initially appeared only in Japan but eventually was in the United States in early 1979. Because Cheap Trick was immensely popular in Japan, the band's Japanese label demanded that ""At Budokan"" include three new songs. The three songs were ""Ain't That a Shame"", ""Goodnight Now"", and ""Need

I"", the song reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1959 for five weeks. In 1985, Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded a version titled ""I Need That Gold Tonight"" for international versions of the ""Alvin and the Chipmunks"" episode ""The Gold of My Dreams"". I Need Your Love Tonight ""I Need Your Love Tonight"" is a song written by Sid Wayne and Bix Reichner and recorded by Elvis Presley on June 10, 1958, in RCA Studios, Nashville, Tennessee. It was the second of several single releases recorded at a final session conducted just prior to Presley leaving

"Use Somebody"
Use Somebody ""Use Somebody"" is a song by American rock group Kings of Leon. It was the second single from the band's fourth studio album ""Only by the Night"" (2008), released on December 8, 2008. The single received heavy airplay in Scandinavia, the Republic of Ireland, Germany, the United Kingdom and Australia, where it was number one on the Official Airplay Chart for six consecutive weeks. It was a huge success in the U.S., where it topped multiple airplay formats and reached number four on the Hot 100 and number one on the Pop Songs chart. The song received positive

of all time, just two places behind ""Sex on Fire"" with its 90 weeks. The song has attracted many cover versions, with CBS affiliate Live 105 radio listing the top 10 covers and ""Stereogum"" website listing the top 15, both lists published in 2010. CD single iTunes exclusive EP Use Somebody ""Use Somebody"" is a song by American rock group Kings of Leon. It was the second single from the band's fourth studio album ""Only by the Night"" (2008), released on December 8, 2008. The single received heavy airplay in Scandinavia, the Republic of Ireland, Germany, the United Kingdom and

Lovefool
Lovefool ""Lovefool"" is a song written by Peter Svensson and Nina Persson for The Cardigans' third studio album, ""First Band on the Moon"" (1996). It was released as the album's lead single on 14 September 1996 in the United Kingdom and internationally on 5 October 1996. After a re-release in 1997, the song found international success, peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart and achieving moderate success on other European charts. In North America, the song reached number three in Canada and number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 Airplay Chart (it did not chart on the

"Share Your Love with Me"
Your Love"". It was released in September 1981 as the second single from the album. His version, featuring Gladys Knight & The Pips, peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Country Singles chart. Rogers' version also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart. Other versions have been recorded by Johnny Adams, Freddy Fender, Charlie Rich, The Fantastic Four, Phoebe Snow, Van Morrison, Susan Tedeschi and Hope Clarke. Share Your Love with Me ""Share Your Love with Me"" is a song written by Alfred Braggs and Deadric Malone. It was originally recorded by

"Drunk on Your Love"
Drunk on Your Love ""Drunk on Your Love"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brett Eldredge. It was released on November 9, 2015 as the second single from Eldredge's second studio album, ""Illinois."" Eldredge wrote the song with Ross Copperman. ""Drunk on Your Love"" peaked at number 2 on both the ""Billboard"" Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts, his fifth top 10 hit on both charts respectively. It also gave Eldredge his second top 40 hit on the Hot 100 chart, reaching number 35. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association

"For Your Love"
""Mystery to Me"", and by Joe Jackson, on his 2000 live album """", in medley with his own hit, ""Fools in Love"". For Your Love ""For Your Love"" is a rock song written by Graham Gouldman and recorded by English group the Yardbirds. Released in March 1965, it was their first top ten hit in both the UK and the US. The song was a departure from the group's blues roots in favour of a commercial pop rock sound. Guitarist Eric Clapton disapproved of the change and it influenced him to leave the group. Gouldman wrote the song at the

of ""Dawn"", he was contracted to return as director; he also wrote the script with Mark Bomback. Peter Chernin, Dylan Clark, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver again served as producers. Given a $150 million budget, ""War for the Planet of the Apes"" was released on July 14, 2017. The film depicts the apes and humans in armed conflict, and follows Caesar and his followers as they track down the mysterious Colonel, a human paramilitary leader, and search for a new home. Serkis returned as Caesar, Woody Harrelson played the villainous Colonel, and Steve Zahn played Bad Ape. It earned widespread

July 21, 2017. The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017. Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis. The footage aired during ""The Walking Dead"" on AMC. The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape. The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the

first two films. In 2014, Fox partnered with Ndemic Creations on a substantial ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes""–themed update to the mobile game ""Plague Inc."" Players create and spread a ""simian flu"" virus to eradicate humans while helping apes survive. In 2017, Fox commissioned an adventure game to accompany ""War for the Planet of the Apes"" called """". Andy Serkis's digital effects company The Imaginarium worked on the game, and Serkis performed motion capture. It was released on PlayStation 4 on November 21, 2017, to mixed reviews. In 2018, Fox's virtual reality division FoxNext VR Studio partnered with

2014. According to Nielsen VideoScan, it subsequently became the best-selling home video release for the week. After seeing his cut of ""Dawn"", 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. On January 6, 2014, Fox announced Reeves to direct as well as co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce. In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017. On May 14, 2015, the title was given as ""War of the Planet of the

of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in ""The Outlaw Josey Wales"". Influences from the film ""Apocalypse Now"", notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists. Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration. On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for ""Dawn"", would return to compose ""War""s score. The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017, and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on

nominated for eight Saturn Awards, including Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director for Reeves, and Best Supporting Actor for Serkis. A third installment, titled ""War for the Planet of the Apes"", was released on July 14, 2017. Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ-113 virus, later called Simian Flu, the worldwide human population was drastically reduced, with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus. Meanwhile, the apes, under the chimpanzee Caesar, all bestowed with genetically enhanced intelligence by the virus, have long established a colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco. One day,

series commenced in 2011 with ""Rise of the Planet of the Apes"", which was followed by ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" in 2014 and ""War for the Planet of the Apes"" in 2017. The films have grossed a total of over $2 billion worldwide, against a combined budget of $567.5 million. Along with further narratives in various media, franchise tie-ins include video games, toys, and planned theme park rides. ""Planet of the Apes"" has received particular attention among film critics for its treatment of racial issues. Cinema and cultural analysts have also explored its Cold War and animal

same day. At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film. Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture. Titled """", the game was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017. ""War for the Planet of the Apes"" was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. ""War for the Planet of the

a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture. The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014. On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014. It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for ""Dawn"" was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014. On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014. The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California

Bowl XXXIX, their one win being a 35-28 win at Gillette Stadium in December during their relatively weak 2015 season, where after falling behind 14-0, they proceeded to rally for 35 points and hold them down to only two more touchdowns on their end to win, allowing them to finally get their first revenge for eleven years prior. The Patriots were the designated home team for Super Bowl LII, because the AFC team is the designated home team in even-numbered years and the NFC team in odd-numbered years. As the designated home team, the Patriots chose to wear their road

"NFL Kickoff Game"
of Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their 2017 Divisional Playoff Game. ""Winning team labeled in bold."" <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Game was not yet hosted by

"Super Bowl LVI"
Super Bowl LVI Super Bowl LVI, the 56th Super Bowl and the 52nd modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2021 season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 6, 2022 at Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). It will be the eighth Super Bowl hosted by the Greater Los Angeles Area, with the last one being Super Bowl XXVII in 1993, held at the Rose Bowl, and the first in the City of Inglewood. The game

"Summer of '42"
Summer of '42 Summer of '42 is a 1971 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher (b. 1928). It tells the story of how Raucher, in his early teens on his 1942 summer vacation on Nantucket Island (off the coast of Cape Cod), embarks on a one-sided romance with a young woman, Dorothy, whose husband has gone off to fight in World War II. The film was directed by Robert Mulligan, and starred Gary Grimes as Hermie, Jerry Houser as his best friend Oscy, Oliver Conant as their nerdy young friend Benjie, Jennifer O'Neill as

"42 (film)"
Series, which they would lose to the New York Yankees. Former minor league player Jasha Balcom served as a stuntman for Boseman in some of the film's scenes. Spike Lee planned to write and direct a film based on the life of Jackie Robinson and had it set up at Turner Pictures under his 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks in 1995. The studio wanted to release it in 1997 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Robinson's breaking of the color barrier, and courted Denzel Washington to star, but the project fell apart in 1996 over creative differences. In

younger than the age of 30; Jennifer O'Neill's agent, who had developed a fondness for the script, convinced the studio to audition his client, who was only 22 at the time. O'Neill auditioned for the role, albeit hesitantly, not wanting to perform any nude scenes. O'Neill got the role and Mulligan agreed to find a way to make the film work without blatant nudity. Nantucket Island was too far modernized in 1970 to be convincingly transformed to resemble an early 1940s resort, so production was taken to Mendocino, California, on the West Coast of the US. Shooting took place over

facing army service in the last year of World War II. The only crew member from ""Summer of '42"" to return to the project was Raucher himself, who wrote the script; a new director and composer were brought in to replace Mulligan and Legrand. Of the principal four cast members of ""Summer of '42"", only Jerry Houser and Gary Grimes returned for prominent roles, with Oliver Conant making two brief appearances totaling less than two minutes of screen time. Jennifer O'Neill did not appear in the film at all, nor was the character of Dorothy mentioned. The film is noted

hearing from her again and expressed his hope that she was still alive. Raucher's novelization of the screenplay, with the dedication, ""To those I love, past and present,"" serves more as the tribute to Seltzer that he had intended the film to be, with the focus of the book being more on the two boys' relationship than Raucher's relationship with Dorothy. Consequently, the book also mentions Seltzer's death, which is absent from the film adaptation. The film became a blockbuster upon its release, grossing over $32 million, making it the sixth highest-grossing film of 1971 and one of the most

42 (film) 42 is a 2013 American biographical sports film written and directed by Brian Helgeland about the racial integration of American professional baseball by player Jackie Robinson, who wore jersey number 42 through his Major League career. The film stars Chadwick Boseman as Robinson, and Harrison Ford as Branch Rickey, with Alan Tudyk, Nicole Beharie, Christopher Meloni, André Holland, Lucas Black, Hamish Linklater, and Ryan Merriman appearing in supporting roles. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed over $97 million on a $40 million budget. ""42"" was released in North America on April 12, 2013. In 1945, after

her breast; Oscy later points out Hermie was fondling her arm. The next morning, Hermie helps the bride move boxes into her attic and she thanks him by giving him a kiss on the forehead. Later, in preparation for a marshmallow roast on the beach with Aggie and Miriam, Hermie goes to the local drugstore. In a painfully humorous sequence, he builds up the nerve to ask the druggist (Lou Frizzell) for condoms. That night, Hermie roasts marshmallows with Aggie while Oscy succeeds in having sex with Miriam between the dunes. He is so successful he sneaks over to Hermie

friend Oscar ""Oscy"" Seltzer, an Army medic killed in the Korean War. Seltzer was shot dead on a battlefield in Korea whilst attending to a wounded man; this happened on Raucher's birthday, and consequently, Raucher has not celebrated a birthday since. During the course of writing the screenplay, Raucher came to the realization that despite growing up with Oscy and having bonded with him through their formative years, the two had never really had any meaningful conversations or gotten to know one another on a more personal level. Instead, Raucher decided to focus on the first major adult experience of

sight of the fact that the book was based on the film and not vice versa. Though a pop culture phenomenon in the first half of the 1970s, the novelization went out of print and slipped into obscurity throughout the next two decades until a Broadway adaptation in 2001 brought it back into the public light and prompted Barnes & Noble to acquire the publishing rights to the book. The film opens with a series of still photographs appearing over melancholic music, representing the abstract memories of the unseen Herman Raucher, now a middle-aged man. Raucher recalls the summer he

nominated for over a dozen awards, including Golden Globe Awards for ""Best Motion Picture – Drama"" and ""Best Director"", and five Academy Award nominations for Best Original Music Score, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Writing-Story and Best Screenplay. Ultimately, the film won two awards: the 1972 44th Academy Awards Oscar for Original Dramatic Score, and the 1971 BAFTA Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music, both to Michel Legrand. In 1973, the film was followed by ""Class of '44"", a slice-of-life film made up of vignettes about Herman Raucher and Oscar Seltzer's experiences in college. ""Class of '44"" involves the boys

"Um Ki-joon"
Um Ki-joon Um Ki-joon (; born March 23, 1976) is a South Korean actor. Um Ki-joon made his acting debut in 1995 in the stage play ""Richard III"", though he later became best known as a musical theatre actor, starring in ""Singin' in the Rain"", ""The Sorrows of Young Werther"", ""Grease"", ""The Three Musketeers"", ""Jack the Ripper"", ""The Count of Monte Cristo"", ""Catch Me If You Can"", and ""Rebecca"". He also appeared in the Patrick Marber play ""Closer"". Um's popularity increased after he began playing supporting roles in television dramas such as ""Life Special Investigation Team"", ""Worlds Within"", ""Hero"", ""Dream

"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore)"
Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the mall were sealed for not having obtained trade licences from the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, but later reopened. On 18 May 2016, Phoenix Mall was raided along with other malls in the city, on

"High Street Phoenix"
High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex, commercial space and a residential tower. The mall consists of the Palladium, SkyZone and Grand Galleria. South Asia’s largest 20 lane bowling concourse, was first started here in 1996. India’s first Hyper market concept Big Bazaar was introduced in 2001 at High Street Phoenix. Bath & Body Works is opening in Mumbai on 21st December, 2018

a tip-off that they were ignoring the ban on plastic bags. Phoenix was one of the bigger violators and over 1000 kg of plastic bags were seized from the mall and a fine imposed. Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the

"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune)"
Adidas, Puma, Zara, Nike, Jack&Jones Tommy Hilfiger etc. The mall also consists of Reliance Trends, Reliance Digital and others Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a

"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)"
Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by ""The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd."" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest bus stop

is Kamani. Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by ""The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd."" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest

Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a nine-screen PVR Cinemas. The food court at the mall has several options. Multinational companies for clothing and style are

"Saravana Stores"
Saravana Stores Saravana Stores is a chain of retail stores, located in 7 locations across Chennai - T Nagar, Porur, Purasawalkam, Chrompet, Padi, Chennai, Anna Nagar, Sholinganallur, Usman Road - and one mega stores each in the South Indian cities of Madurai, Tirunelveli and Coimbatore - selling Textiles, Jewellery, Diamond, Electronic gadgets, Electronic Home Appliances and a wide range of consumer products. It is the largest family owned business retail chain in India. According to retail billionaire Kishore Biyani of BigBazaar, it is India’s No.1 retail store in one locality. The group has been growing rapidly over the past five-year

of Market Cities in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Chennai. In Bangalore they have developed the residential project named as One Bangalore West in the heart of the city, Rajajainagar which is also listed amongst the tallest building in Bangalore. In Pune they are developing a residential property named as Phoenix Fountainhead near by Phoenix Market City. High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex,

"Mani Square"
Mani Square Mani Square is a shopping mall in Kolkata, India, with over 250 shops, and more than 2,000 customers per day. Liu is the CEO of Mani Square Limited. It is located in 164/1, Manicktala Main Road (E.M. Bypass), Kolkata, West Bengal 700054. It is owned by the Mani group. It has more than of total area. It is operational since 15 June 2008. The shops at Mani Square Mall include Spencers, Westside, E Zone, Collection-I, McDonald's, Amoeba and Scary House along with major brands like the United Colours of Benetton, Zodiac, Stanza, Eye-Plus, Reebok, Adidas, Lee Cooper, Dockers,

"Efren Reyes"
Efren Reyes Efren Manalang Reyes, (born August 26, 1954), nicknamed the Magician and , is a Filipino professional pool player. A winner of over 70 international titles, Reyes was the first player to win world championships in two different disciplines in pool. Among his numerous titles Reyes is a four-time World Eight-ball Champion, the 1999 WPA World Nine-ball Champion, a three-time US Open winner, a two-time World Pool League winner and a 14-time Derby City Classic winner – including an unprecedented five Master of the Table crowns. By defeating Earl Strickland in the inaugural Color of Money event in 1996,

the Philippines, but they [hadn't]...seen...[me]...in person."" — Efren Reyes Efren Reyes Efren Manalang Reyes, (born August 26, 1954), nicknamed the Magician and , is a Filipino professional pool player. A winner of over 70 international titles, Reyes was the first player to win world championships in two different disciplines in pool. Among his numerous titles Reyes is a four-time World Eight-ball Champion, the 1999 WPA World Nine-ball Champion, a three-time US Open winner, a two-time World Pool League winner and a 14-time Derby City Classic winner – including an unprecedented five Master of the Table crowns. By defeating Earl Strickland

"Willie Mosconi"
Willie Mosconi William Joseph Mosconi (; June 27, 1913 – September 17, 1993) was an American professional pool (pocket billiards) player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Between the years of 1941 and 1957, he won the World Straight Pool Championship an unmatched fifteen times. For most of the 20th century, his name was essentially synonymous with pool in North America – he was nicknamed ""Mr. Pocket Billiards"" – and he was among the first Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame inductees. Mosconi pioneered and regularly employed numerous trick shots, set many records, and helped to popularize pool as a national recreation

"Pancho Gonzales"
Pancho Gonzales Ricardo Alonso González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), usually known as Pancho Gonzales, and sometimes as Richard Gonzales, was an American tennis player who has been rated one of the greatest in the history of the sport. He won 14 major singles titles (12 Pro Slam, 2 Grand Slam) and was the dominant professional of the 1950s; he still holds the men's all-time record of being ranked world No. 1 for eight years. Gonzales was a ruthless competitor with a fierce temper. Many of his peers on the professional circuit were intimidated by him, and he

"Stephen Hendry"
Stephen Hendry Stephen Gordon Hendry (born 13 January 1969) is a Scottish former professional snooker player and current commentator for the BBC and ITV. He is best known for his domination of the sport in the 1990s, during which he won the World Championship seven times, a record in the modern era, and was ranked world number one for eight consecutive seasons between 1990 and 1998, and again in 2007. The all-time record holder for the number of ranking titles won (36), Hendry is widely regarded as one of the greatest snooker players ever. As well as his seven World

"Luther Lassiter"
Luther Lassiter Luther Lassiter (November 5, 1918 – October 25, 1988), born Luther Clement Lassiter, Jr. and nicknamed Wimpy, was a world-renowned American pool player from Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The winner of six world championships and numerous other titles, Lassiter is most well known for his wizardry in the game of nine-ball at which he is widely considered one of the greatest players in history, if not the greatest. He was inducted into the Billiards Congress of America's Hall of Fame in 1983. That same year, he was also inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame. He

"Geet Sethi"
Olympic Gold Quest, committed to supporting Indian sportspersons with Olympic medal-winning potential. Geet Sethi Geet Siriram Sethi (born 17 April 1961) of India is a professional player of English billiards who dominated the sport throughout much of the 1990s, and a notable amateur (ex-pro) snooker player. He is a six-time winner of the professional-level and a three-time winner of the amateur World Championships, and holder of two world records, in English billiards. He, along with Prakash Padukone, has co-founded Olympic Gold Quest, a Foundation for the Promotion of Sports in India. Born in Delhi and grew up in Ahmedabad, Sethi

Geet Sethi Geet Siriram Sethi (born 17 April 1961) of India is a professional player of English billiards who dominated the sport throughout much of the 1990s, and a notable amateur (ex-pro) snooker player. He is a six-time winner of the professional-level and a three-time winner of the amateur World Championships, and holder of two world records, in English billiards. He, along with Prakash Padukone, has co-founded Olympic Gold Quest, a Foundation for the Promotion of Sports in India. Born in Delhi and grew up in Ahmedabad, Sethi won his first major English billiards event in 1982, the Indian National

"Jon Finkel"
notably actress Felicia Day and ""Playboy"" Playmate of the Year Sara Jean Underwood. Jon Finkel Jon Finkel (born May 18, 1978 in Brockport, New York) is an American """" and poker player. Finkel is one of the most decorated players in the history of professional """" play and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all-time. During his career he has won 3 events and made the Top 8 of a record 16 events, winning three of those. In the year 2000, he became the , as well as playing for the United States National Team, which

"Tony Trabert"
Tony Trabert Marion Anthony Trabert (born August 16, 1930) is a retired American former World No. 1 tennis champion and long-time tennis author, TV commentator, instructor, and motivational speaker. In his 1979 autobiography Jack Kramer, the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself, included Trabert in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time. Trabert was the No. 1 ranked player in the world in both 1953 and 1955 and the winner of ten major titles – five in singles and five in doubles. Trabert took his keen mind and aptitude for tennis and created a career that

"Dust Bowl"
of the original agricultural losses were recovered. The economy adjusted predominantly through large relative population declines in more-eroded counties, both during the 1930s and through the 1950s. The economic effects persisted, in part, because of farmers' failure to switch to more appropriate crops for highly eroded areas. Because the amount of topsoil had been reduced, it would have been more productive to shift from crops and wheat to animals and hay. During the Depression and through at least the 1950s, there was limited relative adjustment of farmland away from activities that became less productive in more-eroded counties. Some of the

seem to have had the most direct influence. This catastrophe intensified the economic impact of the Great Depression in the region. In 1935, many families were forced to leave their farms and travel to other areas seeking work because of the drought (which at that time had already lasted four years). The abandonment of homesteads and financial ruin resulting from catastrophic topsoil loss led to widespread hunger and poverty. Dust Bowl conditions fomented an exodus of the displaced from Texas, Oklahoma, and the surrounding Great Plains to adjacent regions. More than 500,000 Americans were left homeless. Over 350 houses had

1920, then tripled again between 1925 and 1930. The agricultural methods favored by farmers during this period created the conditions for large-scale erosion under certain environmental conditions. The widespread conversion of the land by deep plowing and other soil preparation methods to enable agriculture eliminated the native grasses which held the soil in place and helped retain moisture during dry periods. Furthermore, cotton farmers left fields bare during winter months, when winds in the High Plains are highest, and burned the stubble as a means to control weeds prior to planting, thereby depriving the soil of organic nutrients and surface

of unusually wet weather seemingly confirmed a previously held opinion that the ""formerly"" semiarid area could support large-scale agriculture. At the same time, technological improvements such as mechanized plowing and mechanized harvesting made it possible to operate larger properties without increasing labor costs. The combined effects of the disruption of the Russian Revolution, which decreased the supply of wheat and other commodity crops, and World War I increased agricultural prices; this demand encouraged farmers to dramatically increase cultivation. For example, in the Llano Estacado of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas, the area of farmland was doubled between 1900 and

refers to the event itself (the term ""Dirty Thirties"" is also sometimes used). The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected that centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas. The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty-stricken families to abandon their farms, unable to pay mortgages or grow crops, and losses reached $25 million per day by 1936 (). Many of these families, who were often known as ""Okies"" because so many of them came from Oklahoma, migrated to California and other states to find that the

away by the end of the 1930s. Land degradation varied widely. Aside from the short-term economic consequences caused by erosion, there were severe long-term economic consequences caused by the Dust Bowl. By 1940, counties that had experienced the most significant levels of erosion had a greater decline in agricultural land values. The per-acre value of farmland declined by 28% in high-erosion counties and 17% in medium-erosion counties, relative to land value changes in low-erosion counties. Even over the long-term, the agricultural value of the land often failed to recover to pre-Dust Bowl levels. In highly eroded areas, less than 25%

vegetation. After fairly favourable climatic conditions in the 1920s with good rainfall and relatively moderate winters, which permitted increased settlement and cultivation in the Great Plains, the region entered an unusually dry era in the summer of 1930. During the next decade, the northern plains suffered four of their seven driest calendar years since 1895, Kansas four of its twelve driest, and the entire region south to West Texas lacked any period of above-normal rainfall until record rains hit in 1941. When severe drought struck the Great Plains region in the 1930s, it resulted in erosion and loss of topsoil

Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent the aeolian processes (wind erosion) caused the phenomenon. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the plains, farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous

decade; this had displaced the native, deep-rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. The rapid mechanization of farm equipment, especially small gasoline tractors, and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers' decisions to convert arid grassland (much of which received no more than 10 inches (~250 mm) of precipitation per year) to cultivated cropland. During the drought of the 1930s, the unanchored soil turned to dust, which the prevailing winds blew away in huge clouds that sometimes blackened the sky. These choking billows of dust – named ""black blizzards""

region. The government still encouraged continuing the use of conservation methods to protect the soil and ecology of the Plains. At the end of the drought, the programs which were implemented during these tough times helped to sustain a positive relationship between America's farmers and the federal government. The President's Drought Committee issued a report in 1935 covering the government's assistance to agriculture during 1934 through mid-1935: it discussed conditions, measures of relief, organization, finances, operations, and results of the government's assistance. Numerous exhibits are included in this report. In many regions, more than 75% of the topsoil was blown

"Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
Marlene King. The season premiere was written by I. Marlene King and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. King revealed the title of the premiere on Twitter on March 17, 2016. On August 29, 2016, it was confirmed that this would be the final season of the series. A.D. gives the Liars 24 hours to find Charlotte's real killer or Hanna dies. While discussing possible suspects, the girls' suspicion fell on Alison. Aria suspects the red jacket blonde she saw entering the church was Alison. Emily finds the jacket in Alison's things and Caleb gives it to A.D. Meanwhile, Hanna manages to

on the show since towards the end of the fifth season. Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series ""Pretty Little Liars"", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in

Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series ""Pretty Little Liars"", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016, which was confirmed by showrunner I.

air, that ""Pretty Little Liars"" will end after the seventh season. Production began on February 1, 2016, when King announced on Twitter that the writers were in full swing brainstorming and mapping the seventh season. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016 and officially wrapped up in October 2016. The seventh season has nine roles receiving star billing, with eight of them returning from the previous season, six of which was part of the original cast from the first season. The season saw the four protagonists of the series continue the roles as they try to take

the premiere ""Tick-Tock, Bitches"" on Twitter. ""Variety"" announced that season premiere would air on June 21, 2016, the latest for a season premiere in the show's history. Additionally, series star Troian Bellisario would make her directorial debut this season. Bellisario is set to direct the fifteenth episode of the season. A promo was released on May 12, 2016. Freeform released a promotional poster for the season, on June 7, 2016. After the season premiere, Freeform released another poster which included Ashley Benson. On August 29, 2016, I. Marlene King with the principal cast of the show announced that ""Pretty Little

was ordered with the sixth season on June 10, 2014, right before the fifth-season premiere aired, which made Pretty Little Liars ABC Family's longest running original series, surpassing ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager"", which was ABC Family's previous longest running original series. The season will consist of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes will air in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes beginning to air in April 2017. Charlie Craig, who served as writer/consulting producer on the second season, will return for the seventh season as executive producer/co-showrunner. I. Marlene King revealed the title of

Liars"" would end after the seventh season. King also announced that the show would start airing the second half of the season later than usual, in April 2017 and that the series finale would be a two-hour episode event. It was reported on October 26, 2016, that a tell-all special will air after the series finale ""Till Death Do Us Part"", where the main cast and showrunner I. Marlene King talked about the show and behind-the-scenes exclusive. The seventh season had been speculated by both fans and the cast and crew of the show to being the final season of

"Gilmore Girls (season 7)"
a salary dispute. Amy Sherman-Palladino later insisted that she and Daniel Palladino could not come to an agreement with CW because they needed a short series hiatus to rest, the hiring of more writers to relieve their work load, and an additional eighth season to finish the story lines properly. Because of this change, this season received mixed reviews from television critics and fans. This was to be the last of the series to air until, in October 2015, it was reported that the series would return as a limited series on Netflix to consist of four 90-minute films. Sherman-Palladino

take us to the end of Season 7, and we’re going to let the fans tell us if they’re ready to say goodbye to this world and these characters."" She confirmed to being open for an eighth season and a movie and a new book. In an interview with ""Variety"" regarding the five-year time-jump, King said ""I think that this story when we're back will end next year at the end of Season 7"". She later took to Twitter where she confirmed that the current storyline that began in the second half of the sixth season would end after the

face with Alex and Spencer as they cannot tell them apart, until Toby makes the distinction by asking what Spencer's favorite poem from a book she gave him. Mona tracked A.D.'s location has a cop arrest her. The Liars then say goodbye to one another as Aria leaves for her honeymoon with Ezra. Mona moves to Paris and the ""cop"" is revealed to be her boyfriend who has imprisoned Alex and Mary in her basement dollhouse. In the finale moment, a new set of liars are awaken to find their leader, Addison, has just gone missing. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The seventh season

"Soft rock"
Soft rock Soft rock (or lite rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the early 1970s in southern California. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s. Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1968. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as

the Danish group Michael Learns to Rock, who saw massive popularity in Asia, with many singles becoming commercially successful in the continent. Soft rock Soft rock (or lite rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the early 1970s in southern California. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s. Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1968. From

"Rock music"
the Knickerbockers, the Remains, and the Fifth Estate). There were also regional variations in many parts of the country with flourishing scenes particularly in California and Texas. The Pacific Northwest states of Washington and Oregon had perhaps the most defined regional sound. The style had been evolving from regional scenes as early as 1958. ""Tall Cool One"" (1959) by The Wailers and ""Louie Louie"" by the Kingsmen (1963) are mainstream examples of the genre in its formative stages. By 1963, garage band singles were creeping into the national charts in greater numbers, including Paul Revere and the Raiders (Boise), the

out of the Jesus movement beginning in Southern California, and emerged as a subgenre in the 1970s with artists like Larry Norman, usually seen as the first major ""star"" of Christian rock. The genre has been particularly popular in the United States. Many Christian rock performers have ties to the contemporary Christian music scene, while other bands and artists are closely linked to independent music. Since the 1980s Christian rock performers have gained mainstream success, including figures such as the American gospel-to-pop crossover artist Amy Grant and the British singer Cliff Richard. While these artists were largely acceptable in Christian

"Indian rock"
and death threats on the internet, apart from the severe criticism and opposition from the religious leaders of Kashmir and other hardliner political parties. Indian rock Indian rock is a music genre in India that incorporates elements of Indian music with rock music, and is often topically India-centric. While India is more often known for its (northern and southern) classical music, filmi Bollywood music, Indi-pop, and Bhangra, the Indian rock scene has also produced numerous bands and artists. India, in the 1950s and 1960s, uniquely amongst developing markets, had a record industry in the Gramophone Company of India (an RCA/HMV/EMI

the 1980s in the US included R.E.M., Hüsker Dü, Jane's Addiction, Sonic Youth, and the Pixies, and in the UK the Cure, New Order, the Jesus and Mary Chain, and the Smiths. Artists were largely confined to independent record labels, building an extensive underground music scene based on college radio, fanzines, touring, and word-of-mouth. They rejected the dominant synth-pop of the early 1980s, marking a return to group-based guitar rock. Few of these early bands achieved mainstream success, although exceptions to this rule include R.E.M., the Smiths, and the Cure. Despite a general lack of spectacular album sales, the original

major radio formats in the US. Late 1960s soft rock artists included the Bee Gees, whose song ""I Started a Joke"" was a number one single in several countries; Neil Diamond with the 1969 hit ""Sweet Caroline"", the Hollies with their U.S. and UK Top 10 hit ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"", and Elton John with his popular song ""Skyline Pigeon"". By the early 1970s, softer songs by the Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Barbra Streisand began to be played more often on ""Top 40"" radio and others were added to the mix on many

Indian rock Indian rock is a music genre in India that incorporates elements of Indian music with rock music, and is often topically India-centric. While India is more often known for its (northern and southern) classical music, filmi Bollywood music, Indi-pop, and Bhangra, the Indian rock scene has also produced numerous bands and artists. India, in the 1950s and 1960s, uniquely amongst developing markets, had a record industry in the Gramophone Company of India (an RCA/HMV/EMI subsidiary), and LPs, EPs, and 45rpm records were freely available, including those of rock and roll acts from the USA and Britain, but also

rock came in the 1970s, with artists including the Doobie Brothers, Emmylou Harris, Linda Ronstadt and the Eagles (made up of members of the Burritos, Poco, and Stone Canyon Band), who emerged as one of the most successful rock acts of all time, producing albums that included ""Hotel California"" (1976). The founders of Southern rock are usually thought to be the Allman Brothers Band, who developed a distinctive sound, largely derived from blues rock, but incorporating elements of boogie, soul, and country in the early 1970s. The most successful act to follow them were Lynyrd Skynyrd, who helped establish the

Rock music Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as ""rock and roll"" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the genres of blues, rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and

are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. The Speaker-elect is also chosen in a closed-door session although they are formally installed in their position by a public vote when Congress reconvenes. Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House,

"Party leader"
have been elected by popular vote since 1913. They currently include President of the Senate Mike Pence, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Orrin Hatch, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn on the Republican side, and Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin. The Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in the House by secret ballot. The Republican Party is currently represented in the House by Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Majority Whip Steve Scalise, whereas the Democratic Party is represented

"Party system"
O. Key in 1955), and ""realignments."" Critical elections or Realigning elections involve major changes to the political system, regarding the coalition of voters, the rules of the game, finance and publicity, party organization, and party leadership. A political science college textbook explains: There have been at least six different party systems throughout the history of the United States: First Party System: This system can be considered to have developed as a result of the factions in the George Washington administration. The two factions were Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists and Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party. The Federalists argued for

the Contract with America which was unveiled six weeks before voting day. In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a ""de facto"" ""leader of the opposition"", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent President have included Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt,

"First Party System"
First Party System The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the Republican Party. The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800. In an analysis of the contemporary party

during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues. The Speaker, Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Majority Whip and Minority Whip all receive special office suites in the United States Capitol. The floor leaders and whips of each party

Mike Pence, likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer as well as being the President of the Senate. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress, is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate, and the lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader, whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader. Party leaders in the United States Senate

fierce debates over the Jay Treaty in 1794–96, according to William Nisbet Chambers, nationalized politics and turned a faction in Congress into a nationwide party. To fight the treaty the Jeffersonians ""established coordination in activity between leaders at the capital, and leaders, actives and popular followings in the states, counties and towns"". In 1796 Jefferson challenged John Adams for the presidency and lost. The Electoral College made the decision, and it was largely chosen by the state legislatures, many of which were not chosen on a national party basis. By 1796, both parties had a national network of newspapers, which

Speaker David B. Henderson created the position to establish a party leader on the House floor separate from the Speaker, as the role of Speaker had become more prominent, and the size of the House had grown from 105 at the beginning of the century to 356. Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions during this period were Charles

itai-itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of

"Itai-itai disease"
I, as well as new mining technologies from Europe, increased the output of the mines, putting the Kamioka Mines in Toyama among the world's top mines. Production increased even more before World War II. Starting in 1910 and continuing through 1945, cadmium was released in significant quantities by mining operations, and the disease first appeared around 1912. Prior to World War II, the mining, controlled by the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., increased to satisfy the wartime demand. This subsequently increased the pollution of the Jinzū River and its tributaries. The river was used mainly for irrigation of rice

Itai-itai disease One of the main effects of cadmium poisoning is weak and brittle bones. Spinal and leg pain is common, and a waddling gait often develops due to bone deformities caused by the cadmium. The pain eventually becomes debilitating, with fractures becoming more common as the bone weakens. Other complications include coughing, anemia, and kidney failure, leading to death. A marked prevalence in older, postmenopausal women has been observed. The cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood, and is currently under investigation. Current research has pointed to general malnourishment, as well as poor calcium metabolism relating to the

fields, but also for drinking water, washing, fishing, and other uses by downstream populations. Due to the cadmium poisoning, the fish in the river started to die, and the rice irrigated with river water did not grow well. The cadmium and other heavy metals accumulated at the bottom of the river and in the water of the river. This water was then used to irrigate the rice fields. The rice absorbed heavy metals, especially the cadmium. The cadmium accumulated in the people eating contaminated rice. When the population complained to Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. about this pollution, the company

women's age. Recent animal studies have shown that cadmium poisoning alone is not enough to elicit all of the symptoms of itai-itai disease. These studies are pointing to damage of the mitochondria of kidney cells by cadmium as a key factor of the disease. Itai-itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning due to mining in Toyama Prefecture. The earliest records of mining for gold in the area date back to 1710. Regular mining for silver started in 1589, and soon thereafter, mining for lead, copper, and zinc began. Increased demand for raw materials during the Russo-Japanese War and World War

"Minamata disease"
Minamata disease , sometimes referred to as , is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Signs and symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of symptoms. A congenital form of the disease can also affect fetuses in the womb. Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956. It was caused by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corporation's

prefectures. The mines are still in operation and cadmium pollution levels remain high, although improved nutrition and medical care has reduced the occurrence of itai-itai disease. Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病 itai-itai byō, ""it hurts-it hurts disease"") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term ""itai-itai disease"" was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) that people with itai-itai disease felt in the spine and joints. Any person infected with Cd-Poisoning must seek immediate medical help. Detoxification of Cadmium (Cd)￼￼ with EDTA (Ethylene Diamine TetraAcetate) and other chelators is

"Reye syndrome"
Reye syndrome Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy. Symptoms may include vomiting, personality changes, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Even though liver toxicity typically occurs, jaundice usually does not. Death occurs in 20–40% of those affected and about a third of those who survive are left with a significant degree of brain damage. The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. It usually begins shortly after recovery from a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox. About 90% of cases in children are associated with aspirin (salicylate) use. Inborn errors of metabolism are also a risk factor. Changes on

built a basin to store the mining waste water before leading it into the river. This proved ineffective, and many had already been sickened. The causes of the poisoning were not well understood and, up to 1946, it was thought to be simply a regional disease or a type of bacterial infection. Medical tests started in the 1940s and 1950s, searching for the cause of the disease. Initially, it was expected to be lead poisoning due to the lead mining upstream. Only in 1955 did Dr. Hagino and his colleagues suspect cadmium as the cause of the disease. Toyama Prefecture

"Epidemic dropsy"
Epidemic dropsy Epidemic dropsy is a form of edema of extremities due to poisoning by ""Argemone mexicana"" (Mexican prickly poppy). Epidemic dropsy is a clinical state resulting from use of edible oils adulterated with ""Argemone mexicana"" seed oil. Sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine are two major toxic alkaloids of argemone oil, which cause widespread capillary dilatation, proliferation and increased capillary permeability. When mustard oil is adulterated deliberately (as in most cases) or accidentally with argemone oil, proteinuria (specifically loss of albumin) occurs, with a resultant edema as would occur in nephrotic syndrome. Other major symptoms are bilateral pitting edema of extremities, headache,

On 17 March 2012, officials concluded the cleanup project of the cadmium-polluted areas in the Jinzū River basin. Eight-hundred and sixty-three hectares of topsoil had been replaced since the cleanup began in 1979 at a total cost of ¥40.7 billion. The project had been financed by the Japanese national government, Mitsui Mining, and the Gifu and Toyama prefectural governments. Itai-itai disease One of the main effects of cadmium poisoning is weak and brittle bones. Spinal and leg pain is common, and a waddling gait often develops due to bone deformities caused by the cadmium. The pain eventually becomes debilitating, with

what was the code name of the us program to develop an atomic bomb

"Manhattan Project"
Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; ""Manhattan"" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire

"Timeline of the Manhattan Project"
Timeline of the Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; ""Manhattan"" gradually became the codename for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in

"Nuclear weapons of the United States"
Office of Scientific Research and Development, and in 1942 it was officially transferred under the auspices of the United States Army and became known as the Manhattan Project, an American, British and Canadian joint venture. Under the direction of General Leslie Groves, over thirty different sites were constructed for the research, production, and testing of components related to bomb-making. These included the Los Alamos National Laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico, under the direction of physicist Robert Oppenheimer, the Hanford plutonium production facility in Washington, and the Y-12 National Security Complex in Tennessee. By investing heavily in breeding plutonium in

project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion (about $ in dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a

new weapon. His reporting before and after the bombings helped to spur public awareness of the potential of nuclear technology and motivated its development in the United States and the Soviet Union. The wartime Manhattan Project left a legacy in the form of the network of national laboratories: the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Ames Laboratory. Two more were established by Groves soon after the war, the Brookhaven National Laboratory at Upton, New York, and the Sandia National Laboratories at Albuquerque, New Mexico. Groves allocated $72 million to them

Soviet atomic bomb project The Soviet atomic bomb project (Russian: Советский проект атомной бомбы, ""Sovetskiy proyekt atomnoy bomby"") was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during World War II. Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s, going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940, the full-scale program was initiated during World War II. Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German, American,

sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the

Development (OSRD), with Vannevar Bush as its director. The office was empowered to engage in large engineering projects in addition to research. The NDRC Committee on Uranium became the S-1 Section of the OSRD; the word ""uranium"" was dropped for security reasons. In Britain, Frisch and Rudolf Peierls at the University of Birmingham had made a breakthrough investigating the critical mass of uranium-235 in June 1939. Their calculations indicated that it was within an order of magnitude of , which was small enough to be carried by a bomber of the day. Their March 1940 Frisch–Peierls memorandum initiated the British

rounded up German scientists including Kurt Diebner, Otto Hahn, Walther Gerlach, Werner Heisenberg, and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, who were taken to England where they were interned at Farm Hall, a bugged house in Godmanchester. After the bombs were detonated in Japan, the Germans were forced to confront the fact that the Allies had done what they could not. Starting in November 1943, the Army Air Forces Materiel Command at Wright Field, Ohio, began Silverplate, the codename modification of B-29s to carry the bombs. Test drops were carried out at Muroc Army Air Field, California, and the Naval Ordnance Test

"History of nuclear weapons"
the threat. Roosevelt responded by setting up the Uranium Committee under Lyman James Briggs but, with little initial funding ($6,000), progress was slow. It was not until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December, 1941, that the U.S. decided to commit the necessary resources. Organized research first began in Britain as part of the Tube Alloys project. The Maud Committee was set up following the work of Frisch and Rudolf Peierls who calculated uranium-235's critical mass and found it to be much smaller than previously thought which meant that a deliverable bomb should be possible. In the February 1940

Amaterasu
Amaterasu , , or is a deity of the Japanese myth cycle and also a major deity of the Shinto religion. She is seen as the goddess of the sun and the universe. The name Amaterasu is derived from Amateru and means ""shining in heaven"". The meaning of her whole name, Amaterasu-ōmikami, is ""the great august kami (deity) who shines in the heaven"". According to the ""Kojiki"" and ""Nihon Shoki"" in Japanese mythology, the Emperors of Japan are considered to be direct descendants of Amaterasu. Amaterasu appears to be the Japanese expression of a historical pan-Asiatic solar goddess. Several similarities

Sun
these elements in so-called Population II, heavy-element-poor, stars. The heavy elements could most plausibly have been produced by endothermic nuclear reactions during a supernova, or by transmutation through neutron absorption within a massive second-generation star. The Sun is by far the brightest object in the Earth's sky, with an apparent magnitude of −26.74. This is about 13 billion times brighter than the next brightest star, Sirius, which has an apparent magnitude of −1.46. The mean distance of the Sun's center to Earth's center is approximately , though the distance varies as Earth moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in

Sun
of all Japanese emperors. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that comprises about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. The Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.83, estimated to be brighter than about 85% of the stars in the Milky Way, most of which are red dwarfs. The Sun is a Population I, or heavy-element-rich, star. The formation of the Sun may have been triggered by shockwaves from one or more nearby supernovae. This is suggested by a high abundance of heavy elements in the Solar System, such as gold and uranium, relative to the abundances of

Sun
Ultraviolet light is strongly attenuated by Earth's ozone layer, so that the amount of UV varies greatly with latitude and has been partially responsible for many biological adaptations, including variations in human skin color in different regions of the Earth. The Sun has eight known planets. This includes four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). The Solar System also has at least five dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, numerous comets, and a large number of icy bodies which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Sun The

Sun
day is approximately 24 hours, whereas a mean Martian 'sol' is 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. The English weekday name ""Sunday"" stems from Old English (""Sunnandæg""; ""Sun's day"", from before 700) and is ultimately a result of a Germanic interpretation of Latin ""dies solis"", itself a translation of the Greek ἡμέρα ἡλίου (""hēméra hēlíou""). Solar deities play a major role in many world religions and mythologies. The ancient Sumerians believed that the sun was Utu, the god of justice and twin brother of Inanna, the Queen of Heaven, who was identified as the planet Venus. Later, Utu was

Sun
mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on its spectral class. As such, it is informally and not completely accurately referred to as a yellow dwarf (its light is closer to white than yellow). It formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud. Most of this matter gathered in the center, whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass became so hot

"Our Mr. Sun"
Sun is a star. Mr. Sun explains that he was worshipped as various gods (Shamash, Mithra, Ra and Apollo) until Anaxagoras proclaimed the Sun was a very hot stone and not a god. Logic and reasoning were the beginning of the end of worshiping the Sun as algebra and the astrolabe were used to study the heavens. Dr. Research explains that the Sun is 93 million miles away and its light takes 8 minutes to reach the earth. Light from the next closest star, Alpha Centauri, takes more than 4 years to get to us at a speed greater than

Sun
Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name=""doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012""></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is

Sun
constructed with solar phenomena in mind; for example, stone megaliths accurately mark the summer or winter solstice (some of the most prominent megaliths are located in Nabta Playa, Egypt; Mnajdra, Malta and at Stonehenge, England); Newgrange, a prehistoric human-built mount in Ireland, was designed to detect the winter solstice; the pyramid of El Castillo at Chichén Itzá in Mexico is designed to cast shadows in the shape of serpents climbing the pyramid at the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. The Egyptians portrayed the god Ra as being carried across the sky in a solar barque, accompanied by lesser gods, and to

Sun
metre, but as viewed through Earth's atmosphere, this is lowered to about 1.44 Gcd/m. However, the luminance is not constant across the disk of the Sun (limb darkening). The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium. At this time in the Sun's life, they account for 74.9% and 23.8% of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere, respectively. All heavier elements, called ""metals"" in astronomy, account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen (roughly 1% of the Sun's mass), carbon (0.3%), neon (0.2%), and iron (0.2%) being the most abundant. The Sun's original

"Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)"
Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song) ""Lonely Boy"" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album ""What's Wrong with This Picture?"" It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, and number 11 in the United Kingdom. While ""Lonely Boy"" would be Gold's biggest U.S. hit, his ""Never Let Her Slip Away"" achieved greater success in the U.K. The song follows the life of a child who feels neglected by his parents after the birth of a younger sister. Many assume

"Lonely Boy (Paul Anka song)"
Lonely Boy (Paul Anka song) ""Lonely Boy"" is a song written and recorded by Paul Anka. Recorded in August 1958, ""Lonely Boy"" was released in 1959. Anka sang this song in the film ""Girls Town"". When released as a single, it topped the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, becoming Anka's first song to do so, although he had earlier topped Billboard's Best Sellers in Stores chart with ""Diana"". ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 5 song for 1959. The song was covered in 1971 by Billy ""Crash"" Craddock, which was released on the album ""Knock Three Times"". Donny Osmond had a 1972

"Eddie Holman"
Eddie Holman Eddie Holman (born June 3, 1946) is an American singer and recording artist. He is best known for his 1970 hit song ""Hey There Lonely Girl"". His specialty ranges from R&B and pop to gospel. Holman was born in Norfolk, Virginia and raised in New York City. His mother, noticing that he loved to sing even as early as the age of two, introduced him to the piano and the guitar, where he quickly revealed a natural aptitude. His abilities, however, were confined mostly to church and family gatherings. At age ten, Eddie Holman stepped onto the stage

works within the Philadelphia School System encouraging young people to become involved in the performing arts. Eddie Holman Eddie Holman (born June 3, 1946) is an American singer and recording artist. He is best known for his 1970 hit song ""Hey There Lonely Girl"". His specialty ranges from R&B and pop to gospel. Holman was born in Norfolk, Virginia and raised in New York City. His mother, noticing that he loved to sing even as early as the age of two, introduced him to the piano and the guitar, where he quickly revealed a natural aptitude. His abilities, however, were

this song to be autobiographical, yet Gold denied the implication, despite great similarities between the lyrics and his life. Regarding the verses' first lines: ""He was born on a summer day in 1951"" matches Andrew's August 2, 1951 birthday, ""In the summer of '53 his mother/Brought him a sister"" matches his sister Martha's July 22, 1953 birthday, and ""He left home on a winter day, 1969"" may well match the formation of Bryndle, of which Andrew was a member, in 1969. The second verse of the song features backing vocals provided by Linda Ronstadt. Gold had previously worked with Ronstadt

"Poor Boy (Split Enz song)"
Poor Boy (Split Enz song) ""Poor Boy"" was a song written by Tim Finn and recorded by Split Enz for their 1980 ""True Colours"" album. It was released as a single in the UK only. The lyrics concerned a young man who had fallen in love with a girl on another planet, who he had only discovered existed when tuning his radio, and his regret that they will never meet face to face. In place of a sung chorus, the song made use of an ethereal keyboard solo by Eddie Rayner. In 2009 a Melbourne Theatre Company production of the

"Lonely Boy (The Black Keys song)"
Lonely Boy (The Black Keys song) ""Lonely Boy"" is a song by American rock band The Black Keys. It is the opening track from their 2011 studio album ""El Camino"" and was released as the record's lead single on October 26, 2011. The song is also the A-side of a promotional 12-inch single that was released in commemoration of Record Store Day's ""Back to Black"" Friday event. The single was accompanied by a popular one-shot music video of a man dancing and lip-synching the lyrics. ""Lonely Boy"" became one of the group's most successful singles. It topped several rock radio

"A Lonely Man"
A Lonely Man A Lonely Man is the fourth studio album by American soul group The Chi-Lites, produced and largely written by lead singer Eugene Record. The album was released in 1972 on the Brunswick label. ""A Lonely Man"" includes The Chi-Lites most successful single ""Oh Girl"", which topped both the pop and R&B charts and peaked at No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart, the eight and a half-minute epic ""The Coldest Days of My Life"" and a cover of Marvin Gaye's ""Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)"". ""A Lonely Man"" was The Chi-Lites' most successful album, topping

single revival of the song, charting as the B-side to his hit single, ""Why"". In 2007, ""Lonely Boy"" appeared on the ""Classic Songs"" (greatest hits) disc of Anka's album ""Classic Songs, My Way"". Lonely Boy (Paul Anka song) ""Lonely Boy"" is a song written and recorded by Paul Anka. Recorded in August 1958, ""Lonely Boy"" was released in 1959. Anka sang this song in the film ""Girls Town"". When released as a single, it topped the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, becoming Anka's first song to do so, although he had earlier topped Billboard's Best Sellers in Stores chart with ""Diana"". ""Billboard""

"Mr. Lonely"
features on his debut studio album ""Trouble"". This song uses a sped-up sample of the earlier song, reminiscent of the fictitious animated singing group Alvin and the Chipmunks. The song was parodied in the 2006 animated film ""Flushed Away"". Mr. Lonely ""Mr. Lonely"" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Bobby Vinton. The song was first released on Vinton's 1962 album ""Roses Are Red"". Vinton began writing the song while serving in the Army. The song describes a soldier who is sent overseas and has no communication with his home. The singer laments his condition and wishes for

Prerogative
Prerogative In law, a prerogative is an exclusive right given from a government or state and invested in an individual or group, the content of which is separate from the body of rights enjoyed under the general law of the normative state. It was a common facet of feudal law. The word is derived from O.Fr. ""prerogative"" (14c.), M.L. ""prerogativa"" ""special right,"" from L. ""praerogativa"" ""prerogative, previous choice or election,"" originally (with tribus, centuria) ""unit of 100 voters who by lot voted first in the Roman comitia,"" from ""praerogativus"" (adj.) ""chosen to vote first."" In modern popular culture usage, the

"Rule of man"
Rule of man Rule of man is absence of rule of law. Rule of man is a rebounded society, meaning ruler changes from ruler to ruler as time goes on, and one julines stays in main charge. It is a society in which one person, regime, or a group of persons, rules arbitrarily. The Sovereign exercises absolute authority and is not bound by any law, he as a person stands outside law. The philosopher Thomas Hobbes advocated such a society, saying that a society would be better if it had one absolute monarch as he would be free to choose

human rights. Rule of man Rule of man is absence of rule of law. Rule of man is a rebounded society, meaning ruler changes from ruler to ruler as time goes on, and one julines stays in main charge. It is a society in which one person, regime, or a group of persons, rules arbitrarily. The Sovereign exercises absolute authority and is not bound by any law, he as a person stands outside law. The philosopher Thomas Hobbes advocated such a society, saying that a society would be better if it had one absolute monarch as he would be free

Monarchy
of the Salic law (see ""Terra salica""). Before primogeniture was enshrined in European law and tradition, kings would often secure the succession by having their successor (usually their eldest son) crowned during their own lifetime, so for a time there would be two kings in coregency – a senior king and a junior king. Examples include Henry the Young King of England and the early Direct Capetians in France. Sometimes, however, primogeniture can operate through the female line. In some systems a female may rule as monarch only when the male line dating back to a common ancestor is exhausted.

Monarchy
will of a deity (Divine Right of Kings, Mandate of Heaven), a special connection to a deity (sacred king) or even purported to be divine kings, or incarnations of deities themselves (imperial cult). Many European monarchs have been styled ""Fidei defensor"" (Defender of the Faith); some hold official positions relating to the state religion or established church. In the Western political tradition, a morally-based, ""balanced"" monarchy is stressed as the ideal form of government, and little reverence is paid to modern-day ideals of egalitarian democracy: e.g. Saint Thomas Aquinas unapologetically declares: ""Tyranny is wont to occur not less but more

Republicanism
institutions (such as in France, China, Iran, Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Egypt). In Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Papua New Guinea, and some other countries the monarch, or its representative, is given supreme executive power, but by convention acts only on the advice of his or her ministers. Many nations had elite upper houses of legislatures, the members of which often had lifetime tenure, but eventually these houses lost much power (as the UK House of Lords), or else became elective and remained powerful. Republicanism Republicanism is a political ideology centred on citizenship in a state organized

"Rule of law"
the law. In contrast, the Huang-Lao school of Daoism rejected legal positivism in favor of a natural law that even the ruler would be subject to. There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, the book of Deuteronomy imposes certain restrictions on the king, regarding such matters as the numbers of wives he might take and of horses he might acquire (for his own use). According to Professor Bernard M. Levinson, ""This legislation was so utopian in its own time that it seems never to have been

"Dynastic cycle"
Dynastic cycle Dynastic cycle () is an important political theory in Chinese history. According to this theory, each dynasty rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs. It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession of empires or dynasties, implying that there is little basic development or change in social or economic structures. John K. Fairbank expressed

Primogeniture
heir had an inherent ""right"" to rule, and did so through military power and the Senate's symbolic consent. The law of primogeniture in Europe has its origins in Medieval Europe; which due to the feudal system necessitated that the estates of land-owning feudal lords be kept as large and united as possible to maintain social stability as well as the wealth, power and social standing of their families. Adam Smith, in his book ""An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"", explains the origin of primogeniture in Europe in the following way: A case of agnatic

Timocracy
Timocracy A timocracy (from Greek τιμή ""timē"", ""price, worth"" and -κρατία ""-kratia"", ""rule"") in Aristotle's ""Politics"" is a state where only property owners may participate in government. The more extreme forms of timocracy, where power derives entirely from wealth with no regard for social or civic responsibility, may shift in their form and become a plutocracy where the wealthy rule. Solon introduced the ideas of ""timokratia"" as a graded oligarchy in his Solonian Constitution for Athens in the early 6th century BC. His was the first known deliberately implemented form of timocracy, allocating political rights and economic responsibility depending on

"Corticobasal degeneration"
need to go, due to eventual loss of speech. Therefore, proper hygiene is mandatory to prevent urinary tract infections. CBgD was first identified by Rebeiz and his associates in 1968, as they observed three individuals who exhibited characteristic symptoms of the unique and previously unknown disorder. They initially referred to the neurodegenerative disease as ""corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia"", after which various other names were used, including ""corticonigral degeneration with nuclear achromasia"" and ""cortical basal ganglionic degeneration"". Although the underlying cause of CBgD is unknown, the disease occurs as a result of damage to the basal ganglia, specifically marked by

"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency"
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI or CCVI) is a term developed by Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni in 2008 to describe compromised flow of blood in the veins draining the central nervous system. Zamboni hypothesized that it played a role in the cause or development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Zamboni also devised a procedure which was termed by the media as ""liberation procedure"" or ""liberation therapy"", involving venoplasty (or stenting) of certain veins in an attempt to improve blood flow. Within the medical community, both the procedure and CCSVI have been met with skepticism. Zamboni's first published

"Cystic fibrosis"
discovered abnormalities in sweat electrolytes; a sweat test was developed and improved over the next decade. The first linkage between CF and another marker (Paroxonase) was found in 1985 by Hans Eiberg, indicating that only one locus exists for CF. In 1988, the first mutation for CF, ΔF508 was discovered by Francis Collins, Lap-Chee Tsui, and John R. Riordan on the seventh chromosome. Subsequent research has found over 1,000 different mutations that cause CF. Because mutations in the ""CFTR"" gene are typically small, classical genetics techniques had been unable to accurately pinpoint the mutated gene. Using protein markers, gene-linkage studies

"Central core disease"
for ""RYR1"" mutations as these may make them susceptible to MH. Central core disease Central core disease (CCD), also known as central core myopathy, is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy (inborn muscle disorder). It was first described by Shy and Magee in 1956. It is characterized by the appearance of the myofibril under the microscope. The symptoms of CCD are variable, but usually involve hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) at birth, mild delay in child development (highly variable between cases), weakness of the facial muscles, and skeletal malformations such as scoliosis and hip dislocation. Symptoms may be present at birth or

Central core disease Central core disease (CCD), also known as central core myopathy, is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy (inborn muscle disorder). It was first described by Shy and Magee in 1956. It is characterized by the appearance of the myofibril under the microscope. The symptoms of CCD are variable, but usually involve hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) at birth, mild delay in child development (highly variable between cases), weakness of the facial muscles, and skeletal malformations such as scoliosis and hip dislocation. Symptoms may be present at birth or may appear at any stage of life. There appears to be

"ACDC (medicine)"
ACDC (medicine) Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disorder that causes calcium buildup in the arteries and joints of the hands and feet, and other areas below the waist. Although patients exhibiting these symptoms have been identified as early as 1914, this disorder had not been studied extensively until recently. The identification of the specific ACDC gene and mutations occurred in 2011. ACDC is caused by a mutation in the NT5E gene, which prevents calcium-removing agents from functioning. Patients afflicted with this mutation suffer from chronic pain, difficulty moving, and increased risk of cardiovascular

"Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia"
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), also referred to as hot comb alopecia and follicular degeneration syndrome, is a type of alopecia first noticed in African Americans in the 1950s and reported by LoPresti et al. in 1968 as a result of application of petrolatum followed by a stove-heated iron comb. The original theory was that the hot petrolatum would travel down to the hair root, burn the follicle, and after repetitive injury scarring would result. Later CCCA was realized to affect men and women without a history significant for use of such styling techniques. Consequently, the

"Cor bovinum"
74.3 years. The male female ratio was 4:1. ""In 93% of all patients with CB, we found coronary atherosclerosis as a sign of high blood pressure and in 79% a COPD."" In 84% of cases the cause of death was directly related to the cor bovinum, but in 37% the cause of death was still unclear. They concluded that cor bovinum was a decreasing but still frequent autopsy finding. High blood pressure, COPD and male sex were the main risk factors. The decreasing incidence was ascribed to improved medical management: they mention treatments for high blood pressure and coronary artery

were able to map the mutation to chromosome 7. Chromosome-walking and -jumping techniques were then used to identify and sequence the gene. In 1989, Lap-Chee Tsui led a team of researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto that discovered the gene responsible for CF. CF represents a classic example of how a human genetic disorder was elucidated strictly by the process of forward genetics. Gene therapy has been explored as a potential cure for CF. Results from clinical trials have shown limited success , and using gene therapy as routine therapy is not suggested. A small study published

"Droplet countercurrent chromatography"
Droplet countercurrent chromatography Droplet countercurrent chromatography (DCCC or DCC) was introduced in 1970 by Tanimura, Pisano, Ito, and Bowman. DCCC is considered to be a form of liquid-liquid separation, which includes countercurrent distribution and countercurrent chromatography, that employs a liquid stationary phase held in a collection of vertical glass columns connected in series. The mobile phase passes through the columns in the form of droplets. The DCCC apparatus may be run with the lower phase stationary and the upper phase being introduced to the bottom of each column. Or it may be run with the upper phase stationary and the

100 Best"" by ""Reader's Digest"". President Gerald Ford said, ""I can say without hesitation, because of Scouting principles, I know I was a better athlete, I was a better naval officer, I was a better congressman, and I was a better prepared President."" Famed American illustrator Norman Rockwell's works were closely associated with the Boy Scouts of America for much of the 20th century. Beginning in 1913, Rockwell began illustrating covers of ""Boys' Life"", the magazine for BSA youth. He also drew the organization's annual calendar illustrations between 1925 and 1976. In 1969, as a tribute to Rockwell's 75th birthday,

"American Boy Scouts"
American Boy Scouts The American Boy Scouts (ABS), officially American Boy Scout then United States Boy Scouts, officially United States Boy Scout, was an early American Scouting organization formed by William Randolph Hearst in 1910, following on from the formation of the Scouting movement by Robert Baden-Powell between 1903 and 1907. Near the end of its existence, the organizations also used the names American Cadets and U.S. Junior Military Forces. The ABS was the rival of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) similar to the situation in the United Kingdom with Baden Powell's Boy Scouts and the British Boys Scouts

James E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a federal charter for the BSA which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15, 1916. One of the principal reasons for seeking a congressional charter was as a way to deal with competition from other Scout organizations including the United States Boy Scouts and the Lone Scouts of America, The 1916 statute of incorporation established this institution among a small number of other patriotic and national organizations which are similarly chartered, such as the Girl Scouts of the USA, the Civil Air Patrol, the American Legion, the Red Cross, Little League Baseball, and

of Light and led by Akela. ""Webelos"" was also an acronym meaning ""Wolf, Bear, Lion, Scout"". The initial rank structure was Wolf, Bear and Lion, with ages of 9, 10 and 11. Dens of six to eight Cubs were entirely led by a Boy Scout holding the position of den chief. Boy Scouts served as crowd control at the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson in 1913, and have served at every inauguration since in some ceremonial role. The Philadelphia Area Council started a Scout honor society called the Order of the Arrow in 1915 that eventually became an important part

"William D. Boyce"
of America (BSA), one of many civic and professional organizations formed during the Progressive Era to fill the void of citizens who had become distended from their rural roots. Many youth organizations such as the Woodcraft Indians and Sons of Daniel Boone formed in America in the early 1900s focusing on outdoor character-building activities. The writings and adventures of Theodore Roosevelt contributed to these movements, with their outdoor, nature, and pioneer themes. By the time of his 1922 expedition to Africa, Boyce was so well respected in Scouting that French Boy Scouts in Algeria saluted him and offered to escort

among some people that young men were no longer learning patriotism and individualism. The YMCA was an early promoter of reforms for young men with a focus on social welfare and programs of mental, physical, social and religious development. BSA had two notable predecessors in the United States: the Woodcraft Indians started by Ernest Thompson Seton in 1902 in Cos Cob, Connecticut, and the Sons of Daniel Boone founded by Daniel Carter Beard in 1905 in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1907, Robert Baden-Powell, founded the Scouting movement in England using elements of Seton's works among other influences. Several Scout programs for

is near the White House as part of The Extra Mile – Points of Light Volunteer Pathway. In 2005, the BSA introduced the William D. Boyce New Unit Organization Award, presented to the organizer of any new Scouting unit. William D. Boyce William Dickson Boyce (June 16, 1858 – June 11, 1929) was an American newspaper man, entrepreneur, magazine publisher, and explorer. He was the founder of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the short-lived Lone Scouts of America (LSA). Born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, he acquired a love for the outdoors early in his life. After working as

"2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award"
and later performed a cover of ""All You Need Is Love"" to celebrate camaraderie in sport during 2017. Rebecca Ferguson sang ""Halo"" in honour of Jessica Ennis-Hill and Rag'n'Bone Man performed ""Grace"" during the ""in memoriam"". The nominees for the award were revealed by Gabby Logan on 27 November 2017, during BBC One's ""The One Show"". In November 2017, Hamilton was named in the Paradise Papers. It was reported that Hamilton had avoided paying £3.3 million of Value Added Tax on his private jet worth £16.5 million. The leasing deal set up by advisers was said by the BBC to

2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 17 December 2017 at the Echo Arena in Liverpool. It was the 64th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a twelve-person shortlist. The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds opened the ceremony

appear to be artificial and not to comply with an EU and UK ban on refunds for private use. Host of the BBC Sports Personality of the year Gary Lineker was also named in the Paradise Papers in November 2017. On 13 December 2017, the UCI announced that Froome had returned an ""Adverse Analytical Finding"" for twice his allowed dose of Salbutamol, a medication against asthma. Both the A and B samples proved positive. The test was taken after stage 18 of the Vuelta a España. In a statement, Froome commented: ""My asthma got worse at the Vuelta so I

"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award"
have been represented; athletics has the highest representation, with 17 recipients. Counting Torvill and Dean separately, there have been 48 English winners of the award, six Scottish, five Welsh, three Northern Irish, and one Manx. Since the award ceremony began only on one occasion (2013) have none of the podium placers been English. On three occasions a sportsman from outside the United Kingdom has made the podium, on each occasion for sporting success achieved in Great Britain; New Zealand speedway star Barry Briggs (1964 and 1966) and Italian jockey Frankie Dettori (1996). Barry McGuigan, Greg Rusedski and Lennox Lewis originally

"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award"
to have been represented more than once. Seven of the winners were born in the United Kingdom, and the other winners were born in Brazil, former Czechoslovakia, Spain, Sweden and the United States. Czechoslovak-born tennis player Martina Navratilova was the first woman to have won the award. The only recipient of the award on multiple occasions is Ballesteros who won in 1997 and again in 2009, for his contribution to golf winning ""the Open three times, the Masters twice as well as playing an inspirational role in the Ryder Cup"". The most recent winner, in 2018, was American tennis player

followed the team doctor’s advice to increase my Salbutamol dosage. As always, I took the greatest care to ensure that I did not use more than the permissible dose."" Froome later reiterated these comments during the ceremony. The UCI officially closed the investigation on 2 July 2018, stating that Froome had supplied sufficient evidence to suggest that his ""sample results do not constitute an AAF"". In addition to the main award as ""Sports Personality of the Year"", several other awards will also be presented: 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year

"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Helen Rollason Award"
helped raise over £5 million to set up a cancer wing at the North Middlesex Hospital, where she received most of her treatment. The inaugural recipient of the award was horse trainer Jenny Pitman, in 1999. Other winners include South African Paralympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius, who won the award in 2007. Several recipients have not played a sport professionally, including: Jane Tomlinson, who won in 2002, Kirsty Howard (2004), Phil Packer (2009), Anne Williams, who received the award posthumously in 2013, and eight-year-old Bailey Matthews (2015). Michael Watson, who won the award in 2003, had a career in boxing but

"BBC Sports Personality of the Year"
at which a Special Team Award was presented to Great Britain men's 4 x 400 m relay team. In the 1980s, Steve Davis finished in the top three on five occasions, including one win in 1988. In 1991, angler Bob Nudd received the most votes following a campaign in the ""Angling Times"". However, the BBC deemed this to be against the rules and ""discarded all the ballots cast on forms printed in the ""Angling Times"""", allowing athlete Liz McColgan to win the award. The following year racing driver Nigel Mansell became the second person to win the main award twice,

once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill have each won twice. Snooker player Steve Davis has finished in the top three a record five times (one win). Eight people have twice finished second without ever winning, including Bobby Charlton and Sally Gunnell (Gunnell also finished third once). Jessica Ennis-Hill holds the record for most top three placements without a win; having finished second once and third three times. Both Charlton

was paralysed and almost killed in a title bout with Chris Eubank. He won the award for completing the London Marathon, an accomplishment that took him six days. Former footballer Geoff Thomas won the award in 2005; he raised money by cycling the 2,200 miles of the 2005 Tour de France course in the same number of days as the professionals completed it. In 2006, the award was given posthumously to Paul Hunter, who died from dozens of malignant neuroendocrine tumours – his widow Lindsay accepted the award on his behalf. This table lists the total number of awards won

the first significant restriction on free immigration in u.s. history was the

"Immigration Act of 1882"
Immigration Act of 1882 The Immigration Act of 1882 was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on August 3, 1882. It imposed a head tax on noncitizens of the United States who came to American ports and restricted certain classes of people from immigrating to America, including criminals, the insane, or ""any person unable to take care of him or herself."" The act created what is recognized as the first federal immigration bureaucracy and laid the foundation for more regulations on immigration, such as the Immigration Act of 1891. Prior to the passage of the

"Immigration Act of 1924"
States as ""non-immigrant"", that is, temporary visitors. It established classes of admission for such non-immigrants. A limitation on Southern and Eastern European immigration was first proposed in 1909 by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. In the wake of the Post-World War I recession, many Americans believed that bringing in more immigrants from other nations would only make the unemployment rate higher. The Red Scare of 1919–1921 had fueled xenophobic fears of foreign radicals migrating to undermine American values and provoke an uprising like Russia's 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. The number of immigrants entering the United States decreased for about a year from

Immigration Act of 1924 The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and Asian Exclusion Act (), was a United States federal law that set quotas on the number of immigrants from certain countries while providing funding and an enforcement mechanism to carry out the longstanding (but hitherto unenforced) ban on other non-white immigrants. The law was primarily aimed at further decreasing immigration of specifically Italians and Eastern European Jews, though it also targeted to a lesser extent other Southern and Eastern Europeans, including Greeks, Poles, and Slavs in general. The law affirmed the longstanding

arrived as immigrants. The quotas were eased in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and replaced in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Immigration Act of 1924 The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and Asian Exclusion Act (), was a United States federal law that set quotas on the number of immigrants from certain countries while providing funding and an enforcement mechanism to carry out the longstanding (but hitherto unenforced) ban on other non-white immigrants. The law was primarily aimed at further decreasing immigration of specifically Italians and Eastern European Jews,

"Emergency Quota Act"
Emergency Quota Act The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per Centum Law, and the Johnson Quota Act (ch. 8, of May 19, 1921) restricted immigration into the United States. Although intended as temporary legislation, the Act ""proved in the long run the most important turning-point in American immigration policy"" because it added two new features to American immigration law: numerical limits on immigration and the use of a system for establishing those limits. These limits came to be known as the National Origins Formula. The Emergency

"Immigration Act of 1903"
slight. The Commissioner-General of Immigration reported that from the time the law took effect in 1903 until June 30, 1914, a total of 15 anarchists were denied entry to the U.S. He reported that four anarchists were expelled in 1913 and three in 1914. In October 1903, immediately following a speech given by Scottish anarchist John Turner at the Murray Hill Lyceum in New York, Bureau of Immigration officials arrested him and found a copy of Johann Most's ""Free Society"" and Turner's speaking schedule, which included a memorial to the Haymarket Martyrs. This was enough evidence to order his deportation.

"History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States"
Immigration Act of 1917. In 1921 the United States Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act, which established national immigration quotas. The quotas were based on the number of foreign-born residents of each nationality who were living in the United States as of the 1910 census. The crucial 1923 Supreme Court case ""United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"" created the official stance to classify South Asian Indians as non-white, which at the time allowed Indians who had already been naturalized to be retroactively stripped of their citizenship after prosecutors argued that they had gained their citizenship illegally. The California Alien Land

Law of 1913, overturned in 1952 by the holding in Sei Fujii v. California, 38 Cal. 2d 718, and other similar laws prohibited aliens from owning land property, thus effectively stripping Indian Americans of land rights. While the decision was placating Asiatic Exclusion League (AEL) demands, spurned by growing outrage at the Turban Tide/Hindoo Invasion [sic] alongside the pre-existing outrage at the ""Yellow Peril"", and while more recent legislation influenced by the civil-rights movement has removed much of the statutory discrimination against Asians, no case has overturned this 1923 classification. A more complex quota plan, the National Origins Formula, replaced

"Immigration Act of 1907"
Immigration Act of 1907 The Immigration Act of 1907 was a piece of federal United States immigration legislation passed by the 59th Congress and signed into law by President Theodore Roosevelt on February 20, 1907. The Act was part of a series of reforms aimed at restricting the increasing number and groups of immigrants coming into the U.S. before and after World War I. The law introduced and reformed a number of restrictions on immigrants who could be admitted into the United States, most notably ones regarding disability and disease. The Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882, is considered to

of 1882. It is considered by many to be ""first general immigration law"" due to the fact that it created the guidelines of exclusion through the creation of ""a new category of inadmissible aliens."" There were two main components of the Immigration Act of 1882. The first was to create a ""head tax"" that would be imposed upon certain immigrants entering the country. The Act states that ""There shall be levied, collected and paid a duty of fifty cents for each and every passenger not a citizen of the United States who shall come by steam or sail vessel from

"Sean Teale"
mostly young people with special powers—where they are now hunted as criminals—in the new Fox sci-fi/drama series ""The Gifted"". Although based on the ""Marvel Comics""' ""X-Men"" feature film series, ""The Gifted"" takes place in an alternate timeline where all of The X-Men are missing. Eclipse can manipulate photons. Diaz grew up parentless, starting out as a younger man running drugs between México and the U.S., leading to his current passion of trafficking at-risk hunted mutants to somewhat safety. Sean Teale Sean James Teale (born 18 June 1992) is a British actor, known for his roles as Prince Condé in ""Reign"",

"Voldemort: Origins of the Heir"
Kickstarter in 2016. A trailer for the film was officially released in June 2017 through Tryangle Films. Litigation with Warner Bros. ended the crowdfunding due to copyright violations. The defendants agreed to not generate profit. Reception to the film has been generally mixed, with most reviews complimenting the special effects and production values whilst being less so of the acting and directing. Kat Brown of The Telegraph gave the film ""Two warm drinks out of five"", noting that while ""the cast are uniformly gorgeous"", they were far too old to portray their ages accurately - ""Moroni, supposedly playing an 11-year-old

"Jordan Frieda"
Jordan Frieda Jordan Frieda (born 17 June 1977) is a British actor. He is the son of Scottish singer Lulu and celebrity hair stylist John Frieda and was educated at Eton College (and briefly at The King's School, Canterbury) and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University. He had a small part in Steven Spielberg's TV mini series ""Band of Brothers"" and took the lead role in a controversial American TV movie called ""Prince William"", filmed in 2002, in Dublin, Ireland, about Prince William of Wales, with whom Frieda attended Eton College. He also appeared in the 2004 film ""Out of

"Natalia Tena"
mini-series ""Residue"". In 2017, Natalia was cast as Sara Morten in the CBS drama Wisdom of the Crowd. On April 26, 2018, it was announced that Natalia was cast in the series regular role of Lana Pierce on the YouTube science fiction series ""Origin"". She is close friends with fellow ""Game of Thrones"" actress Oona Chaplin. Natalia Tena Natalia Gastiain Tena (born 1 November 1984) is an English actress and musician. She played Nymphadora Tonks in the ""Harry Potter"" film series, and the wildling Osha in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"". Tena is the lead singer and accordionist of

"William Moseley (actor)"
Prince Liam in the E! original series ""The Royals"" alongside Elizabeth Hurley and Alexandra Park. In 2016, Moseley starred as Tyler in the horror thriller film ""Friend Request"", directed by Simon Verhoeven. He then starred as Arden Lowe in the Lifetime movie ""My Sweet Audrina"" based on a novel by V.C. Andrews. He has joined the Stand Up to Cancer programme ""Change the Odds"", which features many other young actors. Moseley recently portrayed Aysel in the Brent Ryan Green film ""The Veil"". William Moseley (actor) William Peter Moseley (born 27 April 1987) is an English actor, best known for his

"Dan Amboyer"
Dan Amboyer Dan Amboyer (born December 28, 1985) is an American actor, best known for his starring role as Prince William of Wales in the 2011 Hallmark Channel original film """", which also featured Victor Garber, Jean Smart, and Jane Alexander. Amboyer was born in Detroit, to Claudia and Dr. Donald Amboyer. He attended The Roeper School and arts high school Interlochen Arts Academy. Amboyer subsequently continued his studies at the Carnegie Mellon School of Drama, where he was offered early admittance following his junior year of high school. After graduation, he relocated to New York City and began performing

"Danny Gilmore"
film called Bonzaïon in 2004. He was nominated by Playback Magazine ""Top Quebec Director to watch"" in 2005. Danny Gilmore Danny Gilmore (born December 23, 1973) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in a number of films and television shows, starting with his role as Vallier in John Greyson's ""Lilies"" (1996). He has also appeared ""Days of Darkness (L'Âge des ténèbres)"". (2007), the third film in Denys Arcand's trilogy, which began with ""The Decline of the American Empire"" (1986) and continued with the Academy Award winning ""The Barbarian Invasions"" (2003). He also starred in the international releases: ""Gaz Bar

"Toby Regbo"
original show ""Reign"" as Francis II of France. In 2016, he played Aethelred on BBC Two UK series ""The Last Kingdom"". Film critic Eric Lavallée listed Regbo as one of his ""Top 10 New Faces & Voices"" of 2009 Toronto International Film Festival. He notes that ""newbie Toby Regbo might easily be Mr. Nobody's most ""alive"" character. Playing Nemo at age 16, the actor is mostly paired with Juno Temple - their unique love story is the film's heart pumping portions and plays a lot better than the artery clogging other brushes of romance."" ""Variety""s Boyd van Hoeij praises Regbo

"Mount Etna"
a few hours. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. An eruption on 16 March 2017 injured 10 people, including a BBC News television crew, after magma exploded upon contact with snow. The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) to all of Mount Etna's eruptions since January 1955: In the 1970s Etna erupted smoke rings, one of the first captured events of this type, which are extremely rare. This happened again in 2000. Video footage of 8

towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions. Since the year AD 1600, at least 60 flank eruptions and countless summit eruptions have occurred; nearly half of these have happened since the start of the 20th century. Since 2000, Etna has had four flank eruptions — in 2001, 2002–2003, 2004–2005, and 2008–2009. Summit eruptions occurred in 2006, 2007–2008, January–April 2012, and again in July–October 2012. The first known record of eruption at Etna is that of Diodorus Siculus. In 396 BC, an eruption of Etna reportedly thwarted the Carthaginians in their attempt to advance on Syracuse during the

lava flow travelled about into the uninhabited Valle del Bove. This eruption was visible far into the plains of Sicily, ending the following morning between the hours of 5 to 7 a.m. local time. Catania-Fontanarossa Airport shut down operations during the night for safety precautions. An eruption on the morning of 13 May 2008, immediately to the east of Etna's summit craters was accompanied by a swarm of more than 200 earthquakes and significant ground deformation in the summit area. The eruption continued at a slowly diminishing rate for 417 days, until 6 July 2009, making this the longest flank

on a new site, and its church contains the Italian fascist symbol of the torch, placed above the statue of Jesus Christ. In early November 2008, the town of Mascali commemorated the 80th anniversary of the eruption and destruction of the village with a number of public events where eyewitnesses shared their memories of the eruption. Other major 20th-century eruptions occurred in 1949, 1971, 1979, 1981, 1983 and 1991–1993. In 1971, lava buried the Etna Observatory (built in the late 19th century), destroyed the first generation of the Etna cable-car, and seriously threatened several small villages on Etna's east flank.

historical times reveals that only 77 human deaths are attributable with certainty to eruptions of Etna, most recently in 1987 when two tourists were killed by a sudden explosion near the summit. A large lava flow from an eruption in 1928 led to the destruction of a population centre for the first time since the 1669 eruption. The eruption started high on Etna's northeast flank on 2 November. Then new eruptive fissures opened at decreasing elevations down the flank of the volcano. The third and most vigorous of these fissures opened late on 4 November at an unusually low elevation,

2004 and March 2005, intense eruptions occurred at the Southeast Crater in July–December 2006. These were followed by four episodes of lava fountaining, again at the Southeast Crater, on 29 March 11 April 29 April and 7 May 2007. Ash emissions and Strombolian explosions started from a vent on the eastern side of the Southeast Crater in mid-August 2007. On 4 September 2007 a spectacular episode of lava fountaining occurred from the new vent on the east side of the Southeast Crater, also producing a plume of ash and scoriae which fell over the east flank of the volcano. A

eruption of Etna since the 1991–1993 eruption that lasted 473 days. Previous eruptions, in 2001, 2002–2003, and 2004–2005 had lasted 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Lava flows advanced 6.5 km during the first few days of this eruption but thereafter stagnated at much minor distances from the vents; during the last months of the eruption lava rarely advanced more than 1 km downslope. Through January 2011 to February 2012, the summit craters of Etna were the site of intense activity. Frequent eruptions and ash columns forced the authorities to shut down the Catania airport on several occasions.

of the eruption (until 30 March 1993) the lava never advanced close to the town again. Following six years (1995–2001) of unusually intense activity at the four summit craters of Etna, the volcano produced its first flank eruption since 1991–1993 in July–August 2001. This eruption, which involved activity from seven distinct eruptive fissures mostly on the south slope of the volcano, was a mass-media eruption, because it occurred at the height of the tourist season and numerous reporters and journalists were already in Italy to cover the G8 summit in Genoa. It also occurred close to one of the tourist

approximately above sea-level, in a zone known as Ripe della Naca. The village of Mascali, lying down-slope of the Ripe della Naca, was almost completely destroyed in two days. Only a church and a few surrounding buildings survived in the north part of the village, called Sant'Antonino or ""il quartiere"". During the last days of the eruption, the flow interrupted the Messina-Catania railway line and destroyed the train station of Mascali. The event was used by Benito Mussolini's fascist regime for propaganda purposes, with the evacuation, aid, and rebuilding operations being presented as models of fascist planning. Mascali was rebuilt

The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations. In June 2013, it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The word Etna is from the Greek αἴθω (""aithō""), meaning ""I burn"", through an iotacist pronunciation. In Classical Greek, it is called (""Aítnē""), a name given also to Catania and the city originally known as Inessa.

"Some Like It Hot"
part of Sugar in fact, Wilder said, ""Mitzi Gaynor was who we had in mind. The word came that Marilyn wanted the part and then we ""had"" to have Marilyn."" Wilder and Monroe had already made the film ""The Seven Year Itch"" together in 1955. The film was made in California during the summer and autumn of 1958. Many scenes were shot at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego which appeared as the ""Seminole Ritz Hotel"" in Miami in the film. The Hotel in San Diego fitted into the era of the 1920s and was near Hollywood, so Wilder

success of ""Some Like It Hot"" is considered one of the final nails in the coffin for the Hays Code. It is February 1929 in the city of Chicago, during the era of Prohibition. Joe (Tony Curtis) is a jazz saxophone player, and an irresponsible gambler and ladies' man; his sensible friend Jerry (Jack Lemmon) is a jazz double bass player. They work in a speakeasy (disguised as a funeral home) owned by gangster ""Spats"" Colombo (George Raft). Tipped off by informant ""Toothpick"" Charlie (George E. Stone), the police raid the joint. Joe and Jerry flee—only to accidentally witness Spats

Sugar confides to Joe that she has sworn off male saxophone players, who have stolen her heart in the past and left her with ""the fuzzy end of the lollipop"". She has set her sights on finding a sweet, bespectacled millionaire in Florida. During the forbidden drinking and partying on the train, Josephine and Daphne become intimate friends with Sugar, and have to struggle to remember that they are supposed to be girls and cannot make a pass at her. Once in Miami, Joe woos Sugar by assuming a second disguise as a millionaire named Junior, the heir to Shell

"Some Like It Hot (novel)"
Some Like It Hot (novel) Some Like It Hot is a novel in the ""A-List"" series by Zoey Dean. It was released in 2006 by Little, Brown. It's Prom time at Beverly Hills High! Ben Birnbaum is back from Princeton University for the summer but also visiting is a friend of his family's. Maddy, a junior at the rival Pacific Palisades high school who has just had Gastric bypass surgery is staying with the Birnbaums, and to Anna Percy's disdain, has quite the newly curvy figure and seems to be flirty with Ben. Ben assures Anna that he thinks of

and begins to succeed. Meanwhile, Daphne and Osgood dance the tango (""La Cumparsita"") till dawn. When Joe and Jerry get back to the hotel, Jerry explains that Osgood has proposed marriage to Daphne and that he, as Daphne, has accepted, anticipating an instant divorce and huge cash settlement when his ruse is revealed. Joe convinces Jerry that he cannot actually marry Osgood. The hotel hosts a conference for ""Friends of Italian Opera"", which is in fact a major meeting of the national crime syndicate, presided over by ""Little Bonaparte"" (Nehemiah Persoff). Spats and his gang from Chicago recognize Joe and

Oil, while feigning disinterest in her. An actual millionaire, the much-married aging mama's boy Osgood Fielding III (Joe E. Brown), tries repeatedly to pick up Daphne, who rebuffs him. Osgood invites Daphne for a champagne supper on his yacht, ""New Caledonia"". Joe convinces Daphne to keep Osgood occupied onshore so that Junior can take Sugar to Osgood's yacht, passing it off as his. Once on the yacht, Junior explains to Sugar that, due to psychological trauma, he is impotent and frigid, but that he would marry anyone who could change that. Sugar tries to arouse some sexual response in Junior,

"Some Like It Hoth"
""Whatever Happened, Happened"", Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and James ""Sawyer"" Ford (Josh Holloway) return from bringing Ben Linus (Sterling Beaumon) to the island's native population, known as the Others. Kate returns to the infirmary where Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) had been treating Ben for a gunshot wound. Ben's father, Roger (Jon Gries), arrives and notices that Ben has gone missing. Sometime later, Kate approaches Roger, who has been drinking, and tells him that everything will be okay. He grows suspicious of her and demands to know what happened to Ben. He later tells Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) of his suspicions,

"Life Is Hot in Cracktown"
a murder-for-hire at the behest of a local drug dealer, unaware of the enormous risks. Manny and Concetta, a young couple, are desperately trying to rise out of poverty and care for their sick baby. Manny works two jobs—the front desk of a drug-riddled flop house by day and the cash register of a frequently-robbed bodega at night. It hardly matters that he is working so hard because the baby's non-stop crying will not allow him to sleep. Another young couple, Marybeth and Benny, are both drug addicts. Marybeth is a transgender woman who makes a bit of money as

Dorrit (Marsha Thomason) who, after ascertaining that Miles is not a fraud, offers him $1.6 million to go to the island on the freighter. He agrees, however he is later kidnapped by a group of people who claim that the owner of the freighter, Charles Widmore (Alan Dale), is on the ""wrong team."" Miles says he will not go to the island if they can provide him double the money ($3.2 million, the amount Miles asks for in ""Eggtown""). Their leader, Bram (Brad William Henke), who is later a passenger on Ajira Airways Flight 316, asks Miles the question, ""What

and his henchmen exacting revenge on ""Toothpick"" and his own gang (inspired by the real-life Saint Valentine's Day Massacre). Broke, and desperate to get out of town, Joe and Jerry disguise themselves as women named Josephine and Daphne, so they can join Sweet Sue (Joan Shawlee) and her Society Syncopators, an all-female band headed to Miami. They board a train with the band and its male manager, Bienstock (Dave Barry). Joe and Jerry notice Sugar Kane (Marilyn Monroe), the band's vocalist and ukulele player. Joe and Jerry become enamored of Sugar and compete for her affection while maintaining their disguises.

"Toonami (Australia)"
programming that would have previously gone to Toonami is now spread out across the network's other time-slots. Toonami (Australia) Toonami (a portmanteau of the words ""cartoon"" and ""tsunami"") is a former programming block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand that ran from 7 July 2001 until 4 August 2006. Toonami was launched on Cartoon Network Australia on 7 July 2001 as an outlet for action animation. Most of its lineup consisted of anime, including already popular shows such as ""Dragon Ball Z"", as well as the Australian premiere of ""Cardcaptors"" and exclusives such as ""Mobile Suit Gundam Wing"" and

"Fireflies (TV series)"
Fireflies (TV series) Fireflies is an Australian television show which aired on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in Australia and RTÉ One in Ireland. It debuted on 7 February 2004 and screened as 22 episodes. The series was set in the fictional country town of Lost River, population 487. The location was the actual Hunter Valley town of Wollombi, and other scenes are set in the district and along the southern end of the Putty Road to Singleton. It was centred on the lives of a group of volunteer firefighters, during the hottest, driest summer in decades. The theme song

"Gogglebox Australia"
sass compared to the ""straight"" narration style of the early seasons. Ten episodes of ""Gogglebox Australia"" were initially commissioned. The first season aired on The LifeStyle Channel (later rebranded Lifestyle) and Network Ten between February and April 2015. At the conclusion of its debut season, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on STV on 30 September 2015, and on FTA on 1 October 2015. On 21 September 2015, the series was renewed for a third season; which premiered on STV on 6 April 2016, and on FTA on 7 April 2016. On 8 February 2016, it

Toonami (Australia) Toonami (a portmanteau of the words ""cartoon"" and ""tsunami"") is a former programming block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand that ran from 7 July 2001 until 4 August 2006. Toonami was launched on Cartoon Network Australia on 7 July 2001 as an outlet for action animation. Most of its lineup consisted of anime, including already popular shows such as ""Dragon Ball Z"", as well as the Australian premiere of ""Cardcaptors"" and exclusives such as ""Mobile Suit Gundam Wing"" and ""YuYu Hakusho"". Occasionally it also broadcast action cartoons from the United States such as ""Batman Beyond"". On

using the censored Funimation/Saban dub before switching to Funimation's in-house dub. ""Dragon Ball Z"" originally aired on the British Comedy Network in Fall 1998. In February 2009, Toei Animation announced that it would begin broadcasting a revised version of ""Dragon Ball Z"" as part of the series' 20th-anniversary celebrations. The series premiered on Fuji TV in Japan on April 5, 2009, under the title ""Dragon Ball Kai"". The ending suffix in the name means ""updated"" or ""altered"" and reflects the improvements and corrections of the original work. The original footage was remastered for HDTV, featuring updated opening and ending sequences,

April 2001, Big Brother Australia commenced broadcasting following the redevelopment of Dreamworld's Amphitheatre. On 23 June 2001, a temporary scare attraction called The Mummy Returns began operation. The attraction was the first of many of scare attractions to be created by Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company for Dreamworld. It closed on 8 July 2001. Also in 2001, two new Bengal tigers, Kato and Kaasha, were born in Tiger Island. On 21 October 2001, Dreamworld announced that they would be adding the $5 million Cyclone roller coaster. On 26 December 2001, the Cyclone officially opened to the public. The ride was the

""Beautiful Feeling"" was written and performed by Paul Kelly. All the songs and music used on ""Fireflies"" was written, produced, and sung by Paul Kelly. Sources: Sources: Fireflies (TV series) Fireflies is an Australian television show which aired on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in Australia and RTÉ One in Ireland. It debuted on 7 February 2004 and screened as 22 episodes. The series was set in the fictional country town of Lost River, population 487. The location was the actual Hunter Valley town of Wollombi, and other scenes are set in the district and along the southern end of

Forest
area with a high density of trees"" are ""wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith"" and ""firth"". Unlike ""forest"", these are all derived from Old English and were not borrowed from another language. Some classifications now reserve the term ""woodland"" for an area with more open space between trees and distinguish among woodlands, ""open forests"", and ""closed forests"" based on crown cover. The first known forests on Earth arose in the Late Devonian (approximately 380 million years ago), with the evolution of ""Archaeopteris"". ""Archaeopteris"" was a plant that was both tree-like and fern-like, growing to in height. ""Archaeopteris"" quickly spread throughout

Forest
Forest A forest is a large area dominated by trees. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely used Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006. Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed around the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary production of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass. Net

Forest
including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems. Although ""forest"" is a term of common parlance, there is no universally recognised precise definition, with more than 800 definitions of forest used around the world. Although a forest is usually defined by the presence of trees, under many definitions an area completely lacking trees may still be considered a forest if it grew trees in the past, will grow trees in the future, or was legally designated as a forest regardless of vegetation type. There are three broad categories of forest definitions in use: administrative, land use, and land cover.

Forest
covered in trees are legally defined as agricultural areas, e.g. Norway spruce plantations in Austrian forest law when the trees are being grown as Christmas trees and below a certain height. The word """" comes from Middle English, from Old French ""forest"" (also ""forès"") ""forest, vast expanse covered by trees""; first introduced in English as the word for wild land set aside for hunting without the necessity in definition for the existence of trees. Possibly a borrowing (probably via Frankish or Old High German) of the Medieval Latin word ""foresta"" ""open wood"", ""foresta"" was first used by Carolingian scribes in

Forest
and abiotic (non-living) components. The living parts include trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and microorganisms living on the plants and animals and in the soil. A forest is made up of many layers. Starting from the ground level and moving up, the main layers of all forest types are the forest floor, the understory and the canopy. The emergent layer exists in tropical rainforests. Each layer has a different set of plants and animals depending upon the availability of sunlight, moisture and food. Forests can be classified in

Forest
Some researchers state that forests do not only provide benefits, but can in certain cases also incur costs to humans. Forests may impose an economic burden, diminish the enjoyment of natural areas, reduce the food producing capacity of grazing land and cultivated land, reduce biodiversity reduce available water for humans and wildlife, harbour dangerous or destructive wildlife, and act as reservoirs of human and livestock disease. The management of forests is often referred to as forestry. Forest management has changed considerably over the last few centuries, with rapid changes from the 1980s onwards culminating in a practice now referred to

Forest
open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses. Savannas maintain an open canopy despite a high tree density. Forest plantations are generally intended for the production of timber and pulpwood. Commonly mono-specific and/or composed of introduced tree species, these ecosystems are not generally important as habitat for native biodiversity. However, they can be managed in ways that enhance their biodiversity protection functions and they can provide ecosystem services such as maintaining nutrient capital, protecting watersheds and soil structure, and storing carbon. Forests provide a diversity of ecosystem services including:

Forest
rain and temperate deciduous forests), or relatively few species over large areas (e.g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests). Forests are often home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. Much of this biomass occurs below ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. The woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. A forest consists of many components that can be broadly divided into two categories that are biotic (living)

"Forest gardening"
Forest gardening Forest gardening is a low-maintenance sustainable plant-based food production and agroforestry system based on woodland ecosystems, incorporating fruit and nut trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and perennial vegetables which have yields directly useful to humans. Making use of companion planting, these can be intermixed to grow in a succession of layers, to build a woodland habitat. Forest gardening is a prehistoric method of securing food in tropical areas. In the 1980s, Robert Hart coined the term ""forest gardening"" after adapting the principles and applying them to temperate climates. Forest gardens are probably the world's oldest form of land use

Forest
some warm temperate areas, especially on nutrient-poor or otherwise unfavourable soils. These forests are composed entirely, or nearly so, of coniferous species (Coniferophyta). In the Northern Hemisphere pines ""Pinus"", spruces ""Picea"", larches ""Larix"", firs ""Abies"", Douglas firs ""Pseudotsuga"" and hemlocks ""Tsuga"", make up the canopy, but other taxa are also important. In the Southern Hemisphere, most coniferous trees (members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae) occur in mixtures with broadleaf species, and are classed as broadleaf and mixed forests. Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests include a substantial component of trees in the Anthophyta. They are generally characteristic of the warmer temperate

"My Name Is Earl"
My Name Is Earl My Name Is Earl is an American sitcom series created by Greg Garcia that aired on the NBC television network from September 20, 2005, to May 14, 2009, in the United States. It was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and starred Jason Lee as Earl Hickey, the title character. The series also starred Ethan Suplee, Jaime Pressly, Nadine Velazquez, and Eddie Steeples. Most episodes from the first season, then only a few from the rest, began with Earl presenting the premise of the series: Earl Hickey is a small-time thief, living in the fictional rural

Comedy Central Extra from March 5 2018. Independent comic book publisher Oni Press had announced a comic book tie-in to the series in 2006, and season one's DVD release included ads for the comic; but none were produced. Since the cancellation of the show, Oni has abandoned the comic. My Name Is Earl My Name Is Earl is an American sitcom series created by Greg Garcia that aired on the NBC television network from September 20, 2005, to May 14, 2009, in the United States. It was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and starred Jason Lee as Earl Hickey,

the United States, earning a 6.6 rating. By the airing of the third episode it was apparent that ""My Name Is Earl"" was the highest rated of NBC's new fall offerings, and a full season (22 episodes) was ordered. In its first month, it was also the highest rated new sitcom of the season to air on any network and was the highest rated sitcom on any network in the 18–49-year-old demographic. The show was renewed for a second season (2006-07), a third (2007-08), and a fourth (2008-09). 20th Century Fox Television has cleared ""My Name Is Earl"" in nearly

"My Name Is Earl (season 1)"
Is Earl"" runs for about 526 minutes and about 2અ0જય minutes for each episode. The season 1 DVD is produced by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Most episodes from the first season begin with Earl presenting the premise of the series: The series premiered on September 20, 2005, drew in 14.9 million viewers in the United States, earning a 6.6 rating. By the airing of the third episode it was apparent that ""My Name Is Earl"" was the highest rated of NBC's new fall offerings, and a full season (22 episodes) was ordered. In its first month, it was also

My Name Is Earl (season 1) The first season of My Name Is Earl, an American television series created by Greg Garcia, that aired its pilot episode on September 20, 2005 at 9:00 p.m., ET/PT, on NBC, a U.S. broadcast television network. The DVD set was released on Region 2 on September 25, 2006 and on Region 1 on September 19, 2006. Its bonus material included: commentary for each episode, bloopers and deleted scenes. The show is broadcast in English, however in other countries it will be in other languages, there are also English subtitles. Season 1 of ""My Name

50% of the U.S., said Bob Cook, the company's president and chief operating officer. 20th had sold the off-net sitcom to the Fox, Tribune, CBS, Hearst-Argyle, and Sinclair station groups for a fall 2009 debut. ""My Name Is Earl"" aired in off-network syndication and on TBS, Ion Television, and MyNetworkTV in the United States. Canada airs the series on Joytv. The series premiered in January 2006 on Channel 4 in the UK. The fourth and Final season was shown on E4 in October 2008. In 2013, 5* gained the repeat rights to the series. The show will be repeated on

"Pilot (My Name Is Earl)"
Pilot (My Name Is Earl) ""Pilot"" is the pilot and the first episode of the first season of the American sitcom ""My Name Is Earl"". The episode was written by series creator Greg Garcia and directed by Marc Buckland. ""Pilot"" originally aired in the United States on NBC on September 20, 2005. Earl Hickey, a thief, narrates the last few years of his life, explaining that he married a six-month pregnant woman named Joy while drunk in 1999. Earl and his brother Randy moved in with Joy to a trailer park. Earl and Joy had their own child, Earl junior,

equipment was ""supposed to go to Camden, New Jersey, but came here instead"". In ""Earl and Joy's Anniversary"", when killer bees have invaded Camden and then left, Iqball says that the bees are heading for Texas. The flashback episodes ""Inside Probe"" describe Camden County as trying to stay independent during the American Civil War and forming its own country called Central, which lasted less than a day. The series ended abruptly on May 19, 2009 after running for four seasons. Season four had ended with the caption 'To Be Continued'. The series' producer, 20th Century Fox Television, approached the Fox,

forthrightness to having led a life of idiocy is what endears him to the viewer, and is what suggests there is a depth to his character beyond what is initially seen. Many of the negative and ambivalent reviews center on what is perceived to be base and bigoted humor. The series was nominated twice for Best International Programme at the British Academy Television Awards in 2007 and 2008. The pilot episode won Emmy awards for Outstanding Writing and Directing in a Comedy Series for Greg Garcia and Marc Buckland respectively at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards. Jaime Pressly won for

"Eddie Steeples"
September 20, 2005 and ran for four seasons. Steeples on the show was known as Darnell Turner (witness protection name) aka Harry Monroe (real name) a.k.a. ""Crab Man"". Steeples has discredited what he calls false Internet claims saying he was married to a ""Marinas Suela"" in 2008. Eddie Steeples Eddie Steeples (born November 25, 1973) is an American actor known for his roles as the ""Rubberband Man"" in an advertising campaign for OfficeMax, the ""Distinguished Dog"" in Would You Rather and as Darnell Turner on the NBC sitcom ""My Name Is Earl"". Steeples was born and raised in Spring, Texas,

Rhoda
Joe meet and develop an instant attraction to each other which leads to their dating nightly for the duration of her vacation. After an argument about their feelings for each other, Joe asks Rhoda to stay in New York City, which she does, initially moving in with Brenda at 332 E. 64th Street (however, actual exterior shots are of 332 East 84th Street, between 1st and 2nd Avenues on the southeast end of the block). Brenda, a bank teller, is an insecure person with low self-esteem with dating problems, similar to how Rhoda herself had experienced difficulty in dating in

"Maria (West Side Story)"
of the Sharks' enemy gang, the Jets, at a community dance at the gym. They immediately fall in love. The couple meet several times after (on her balcony, at Anita's shop, and at Doc's, Tony's workplace) before deciding to run away together after the rumble. They are about to leave when Chino shoots Tony for killing Bernardo. Whatever happens to Maria after Tony dies is left a mystery. Maria is based on Shakespeare's Juliet, who falls in love with Romeo after their first encounter, just like Maria did with Tony. The best known portrayal of Maria was by Natalie Wood

"West Side Story"
is adamant that Tony is still one of them (""Jet Song""). Riff meets Tony while he's working at Doc's Drugstore to persuade him to come. Tony initially refuses, but Riff wins him over. Tony is convinced that something important is round the corner (""Something's Coming""). Maria works in a bridal shop with Anita, the girlfriend of her brother, Bernardo. Maria has just arrived from Puerto Rico for her arranged marriage to Chino, a friend of Bernardo's. Maria confesses to Anita that she is not in love with Chino. Anita makes Maria a dress to wear to the neighborhood dance. At

"East Side, West Side (1949 film)"
wealthy playboy husband, Brandon, is out enjoying himself at the Del Rio night club. At the night club, young model Rosa Senta admonishes Brandon for going out alone, as Rosa admires Jessie, who has been a customer at the dress salon where Rosa works. Brandon tries to mollify Rosa, but is cut short when Brandon’s former mistress, gold-digging Isabel Lorrison, walks in. She has returned from Paris intent on rekindling her romance with Brandon, but he rebuffs her, professing faithfulness to his wife. An argument ensues in which Isabel's date, wealthy Alec Dawning, knowing Brandon's reputation, knocks him unconscious. Brandon

"Maid in Manhattan"
title was confirmed as ""Maid in Manhattan"" in August 2002. Describing the character of Marisa, Lopez said: ""She's Puerto Rican. She's from the Bronx. She has this young son and she's just trying to make ends meet. Every day she gets on the train to work. She goes to this big city of dreams and she wants more. She has aspirations in that way."" Fiennes' character was originally a wealthy British guest. Principal photography commenced in New York City in April, just months after the September 11 attacks, and concluded by June 2002. Filming was carried out at both New

"Sofia Escobar"
Sofia Escobar Sofia Escobar (born 1984) is a soprano singer and actress. She is best known for being part of the cast in West End musicals, in London. She performed the role of Maria in ""West Side Story"". Her most acclaimed role was Christine Daaé, the lead character in Andrew Lloyd Webber's ""Phantom of the Opera"". Sofia Alexandra Cepa Escobar Ferreira da Silva was born on November 29, 1984 in Guimarães, district of Braga, Portugal. She studied at Conservatório de Música do Porto in Oporto, Portugal, and continued her studies at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. She had

"Barbra Streisand"
New York City stage. After renting a small apartment on 48th street, in the heart of the theater district, she accepted any job she could involving the stage, and at every opportunity, she ""made the rounds"" of the casting offices. Aged 16 and then living on her own, Streisand's youth and ambition worked in her favor, but she lacked a mature woman's physical features which were needed for serious female roles. She therefore took various menial jobs to have some income. At one period, she lacked a permanent address, and found herself sleeping at the home of friends or anywhere

else she could set up the army cot she carried around to save on rent expense. When desperate, she would return to her mother's flat in Brooklyn for a home-cooked meal. However, her mother would be horrified by her daughter's ""gypsy-like lifestyle,"" wrote biographer Karen Swenson, and again begged her to give up trying to get into show business; but Streisand took her mother's pleadings as even more reason to keep trying: ""My desires were strengthened by wanting to prove to my mother that I ""could"" be a star."" She took a job as an usher at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater

"Maria Britneva"
both of whom were close to both her and Williams, describe her as ""cast[ing] herself in the role of devoted sister-caretaker"" and as ""Tennessee's confidant and protective demon"". She often travelled with Williams and his partner, Frank Merlo; at one point he felt guilty about using her as bait to attract others. She was sometimes cruel to the other women in his life, and probably caused him to dismiss his agent, Audrey Wood. She was reportedly the inspiration for the character of Maggie in ""Cat on a Hot Tin Roof"", and was certainly the model for the Countess in ""This

Isadora
In 1927, Isadora Duncan has become a legend as the innovator of modern dance, a temperamental bohemian, and an outspoken advocate of free love. Now past 40, she lives in poverty in a small hotel on the French Riviera with her companion Mary Estelle Dempsey/Mary Desti (named only as Mary in the film) and her secretary Roger, to whom she is dictating her memoirs. As a young girl in California, Isadora first demonstrates her disdain for accepted social standards by burning her parents' marriage certificate and pledging her dedication to the pursuit of art and beauty. In 1896, she performs

an influential religion to enter china along the silk route during the han dynasty was

"Silk Road transmission of Buddhism"
of the holy priest Xuanzang were described in the famous novel ""Journey to the West"", which envisaged trials of the journey with demons but with the help of various disciples. During the fifth and sixth centuries C.E., Merchants played a large role in the spread of religion, in particular Buddhism. Merchants found the moral and ethical teachings of Buddhism to be an appealing alternative to previous religions. As a result, Merchants supported Buddhist Monasteries along the Silk Roads and in return the Buddhists gave the Merchants somewhere to stay as they traveled from city to city. As a result, Merchants

"Silk Road"
Christianity was primarily known as Nestorianism on the Silk Road. In 781, an inscribed stele shows Nestorian Christian missionaries arriving on the Silk Road. Christianity had spread both east and west, simultaneously bringing Syriac language and evolving the forms of worship. The transmission of Buddhism to China via the Silk Road began in the 1st century CE, according to a semi-legendary account of an ambassador sent to the West by the Chinese Emperor Ming (58–75). During this period Buddhism began to spread throughout Southeast, East, and Central Asia. Mahayana, Theravada, and Tibetan Buddhism are the three primary forms of Buddhism

that around 65 CE, Buddhism was practiced in the courts of both Emperor Ming of Han (r. 58-75 CE) at Luoyang (modern Henan) and, his half-brother, King Ying (r. 41-70 CE) of Chu at Pengcheng (modern Jiangsu). The Book of Han has given rise to discussions on the maritime or overland transmission of Buddhism, and the origins of Buddhism in India or China. First, the ""Book of the Later Han"" biography of Liu Ying, the King of Chu, gives the oldest reference to Buddhism in Chinese historical literature. It says Ying was both deeply interested in Huang-Lao 黄老 (from Yellow

a major Buddhist centre by the middle of the 2nd century. Knowledge among people on the silk roads also increased when Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty (268–239 BCE) converted to Buddhism and raised the religion to official status in his northern Indian empire. From the 4th century CE onward, Chinese pilgrims also started to travel on the Silk Road to India to get improved access to the original Buddhist scriptures, with Fa-hsien's pilgrimage to India (395–414), and later Xuanzang (629–644) and Hyecho, who traveled from Korea to India. The travels of the priest Xuanzang were fictionalized in the 16th

wealth."" It also stressed getting rid of material desire to a certain point; this was often difficult for followers to understand. During the 5th and 6th centuries CE, merchants played a large role in the spread of religion, in particular Buddhism. Merchants found the moral and ethical teachings of Buddhism an appealing alternative to previous religions. As a result, merchants supported Buddhist monasteries along the Silk Road, and in return the Buddhists gave the merchants somewhere to stay as they traveled from city to city. As a result, merchants spread Buddhism to foreign encounters as they traveled. Merchants also helped

Emperor and Laozi) Daoism and ""observed fasting and performed sacrifices to the Buddha."" Huang-Lao or Huanglaozi 黄老子 is the deification of Laozi, and was associated with ""fangshi"" ""technician; magician; alchemist"" methods and ""xian"" ""transcendent; immortal"" techniques. ""To Liu Ying and the Chinese devotees at his court the ""Buddhist"" ceremonies of fasting and sacrifices were probably no more than a variation of existing Daoist practices; this peculiar mixture of Buddhist and Daoist elements remains characteristic of Han Buddhism as a whole."" In 65 CE, Emperor Ming decreed that anyone suspected of capital crimes would be given an opportunity for redemption, and

to establish diaspora within the communities they encountered, and over time their cultures became based on Buddhism. As a result, these communities became centers of literacy and culture with well-organized marketplaces, lodging, and storage. The voluntary conversion of Chinese ruling elites helped the spread of Buddhism in East Asia and led Buddhism to become widespread in Chinese society. The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism essentially ended around the 7th century with the rise of Islam in Central Asia. Many artistic influences were transmitted via the Silk Road, particularly through Central Asia, where Hellenistic, Iranian, Indian and Chinese influences could intermix.

and others have described how trading activities along the Silk Road over many centuries facilitated the transmission not just of goods but also ideas and culture, notably in the area of religions. Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Manichaeism, and Islam all spread across Eurasia through trade networks that were tied to specific religious communities and their institutions. Notably, established Buddhist monasteries along the Silk Road offered a haven, as well as a new religion for foreigners. The spread of religions and cultural traditions along the Silk Roads, according to Jerry H. Bentley, also led to syncretism. One example was the encounter

"Silk Road transmission of art"
with rosette flowers, geometric lines, and glass inlays, suggestive of Hellenistic influences, can be found on some early Han dynasty bronze mirrors. The image of the Buddha, originating during the 1st century CE in northern India (areas of Gandhara and Mathura) was transmitted progressively through Central Asia and then China until it reached Japan in the 6th century. To this day however the transmission of many iconographical details is still visible, such as the Hercules inspiration behind the Nio guardian deities in front of Japanese Buddhist temples, or representations of the Buddha reminiscent of Greek art such as the Buddha

and Paul Pelliot, proposed that Buddhism was originally introduced in southern China, the Yangtze River and Huai River region, where King Ying of Chu was worshipping Laozi and Buddha c. 65 CE. The overland route hypothesis, favored by Tang Yongtong, proposed that Buddhism disseminated eastward through Yuezhi and was originally practiced in western China, at the Han capital Luoyang where Emperor Ming established the White Horse Temple c. 68 CE. The historian Rong Xinjiang reexamined the overland and maritime hypotheses through a multi-disciplinary review of recent discoveries and research, including the Gandhāran Buddhist Texts, and concluded: Fan Ye's Commentary noted

"Henrik Ibsen"
from one of the very few families of the patrician class of original Norwegian extraction, known since the 15th century. Ibsen's ancestors had mostly lived in Norway for several generations, even though many had foreign ancestry. The name Ibsen is originally a patronymic, meaning ""son of Ib"" (Ib is a Danish variant of Jacob). The patronymic became ""frozen"", i.e. it became a permanent family name, in the 17th century. The phenomenon of patronymics becoming frozen started in the 17th century in bourgeois families in Denmark, and the practice was only widely adopted in Norway from around 1900. From his marriage

"Hans Christian Andersen"
have disproved these stories). A persistent speculation suggests that Andersen was an illegitimate son of King Christian VIII, but this notion has been challenged. Andersen's father, who had received an elementary school education, introduced Andersen to literature, reading to him the ""Arabian Nights"". Andersen's mother, Anne Marie Andersdatter, was an illiterate washerwoman. Following her husband's death in 1816, she remarried in 1818. Andersen was sent to a local school for poor children where he received a basic education and had to support himself, working as an apprentice to a weaver and, later, to a tailor. At fourteen, he moved to

"Ibsen (family)"
Ibsen (family) Ibsen is a Norwegian family of Danish extraction. Its most famous members are playwright Henrik Ibsen, his son, statesman Sigurd Ibsen, and grandson, pioneer film director Tancred Ibsen. Several other family members have been noted artists. The name Ibsen is a ""frozen"" patronymic, meaning ""son of Ib."" Ib is a Danish variant of Jacob. The name became frozen in the 17th century, while this practice was only widely adopted in Denmark in the 19th century and in Norway from around 1900. The phenomenon of patronymics becoming frozen started in the 17th century in bourgeois families in Denmark. The

town of Skien in Telemark county, a city which was noted for shipping timber. As he wrote in an 1882 letter to critic and scholar Georg Brandes, ""my parents were members on both sides of the most respected families in Skien"", explaining that he was closely related with ""just about all the patrician families who then dominated the place and its surroundings"", mentioning the families Paus, Plesner, von der Lippe, Cappelen and Blom. Ibsen's grandfather, ship captain Henrich Ibsen (1765–1797), had died at sea in 1797, and Knud Ibsen was raised on the estate of ship-owner Ole Paus (1766–1855), after

"H. Verlan Andersen"
Hans Andersen and Mynoa Richardson, and spent his earliest years on a dry farm in Blue Creek, Utah. He was baptized by his father on May 6, 1923, and the next year his family moved to Virden, New Mexico to be closer to his Andersen and Richardson grandparents in the Gila Valley. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Andersen, was from Otterup, Denmark and his paternal grandmother, Janet Henderson, was from Haddington, Scotland. His paternal grandparents both emigrated to America after joining the LDS Church. After stints in Utah and Mexico, Andrew and Janet settled in Virden, where Andersen's parents, Hans and

2026 Winter Olympics The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXV Olympic Winter Games, is an international multi-sport event to be organised in a city designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The host city was originally supposed to be selected at the 134th IOC Session on 11 September 2019 in Milan, Italy. However, after Italy submitted a bid for the games that included Milan, IOC rules required that the election be moved. Therefore, the election will be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the IOC headquarters, on 23 June 2019. The IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne to

adjacent to the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve and part of the same mountain system, and the environmental impact on the nature reserve of construction, and artificially covering parts of the mountain with snow, is uncertain. The Chinese government responded to these concerns by expanding the adjacent Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve by 31% of its original size. 2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in

"Dave Madden"
Dave Madden David Joseph Madden (December 17, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Canadian-born American actor. His most famous role came on the 1970s sitcom ""The Partridge Family"", in which he played the group's manager, Reuben Kincaid, opposite Shirley Jones's character. Madden later had a recurring role as diner customer Earl Hicks on the mid-1970s to mid-1980s sitcom, ""Alice"". Madden was born in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada to Verna (née Burleigh) and Roger Madden. He had three older siblings: Sister Mary Roger (1919–), a practicing nun at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods in Indiana; Richard (1921–?); and Jack (1926–1948). He spent his early

"Edward Winter (actor)"
""Night Court"", as Clarence Egan. Winter had a recurring role on the Fox sitcom ""Herman's Head"" from 1991 to 1994. Winter portrayed Mr. Crawford, an executive at Waterton Publishing, where the series lead character Herman Brooks (William Ragsdale) worked. He appeared in the 1995 ""Seinfeld"" episode ""The Beard"" playing Robert's boss. Winter was featured as the real-life character of Carl Lawson in a 1995 episode of UPN's ""Real Ghosts"", also known as """". He did voice work on such programs as ""The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest"", ""Duckman"", ""Aaahh!!! Real Monsters"", ""The Angry Beavers"", ""Fantastic Max"", ""Paddington Bear"" and the

"William C. Watson"
William C. Watson William C. Watson (October 5, 1938 – November 5, 1997) was an American actor. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Watson appeared in many television series and films, ""In the Heat of the Night"" (1967), ""Lawman"" (1971), ""The Hunting Party"" (1971), ""Chato's Land"" (1972), ""Executive Action"" (1973) and ""Wholly Moses!"" (1980). In the 1960s and 1970s, he guest-starred on several TV series such as ""The Rat Patrol"", ""The High Chaparral"", ""Gunsmoke"", ""Kojak"", ""Hawaii Five-0"", ""The Rookies"", ""Starsky and Hutch"" (in the episode ""Captain Dobey, You're Dead""), ""M*A*S*H"", ""The Dukes of Hazzard"", CHiPs, ""Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected"" (in

"Roger Perry"
Roger Perry Roger Perry (May 7, 1933 – July 12, 2018) was an American film and television actor whose career began in the late 1950s. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Air Force during the early 1950s. In the 1960–1961 television season, Perry portrayed attorney Jim Harrigan, Jr. in ""Harrigan and Son"". He guest-starred on numerous American television series from the 1950s through the 1980s. His first television appearance was as Ted Jarvis in the 1958 episode ""Paper Bullets"" of the syndicated crime drama, ""U.S. Marshal"". He appeared with James Coburn and John Dehner in the

"Eric Szmanda"
other forms of animal cruelty. He and Fox attended the White House to help put forward a bill to stop circuses from using animals and protect them. Eric Szmanda Eric Kyle Szmanda (; born July 24, 1975) is an American actor. He is most famous for having played Greg Sanders in the CBS police drama """", a role he held from the show's beginning in 2000 until it ended in 2015. Szmanda was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Elaine (née Enders) and Donald Szmanda, and has two brothers, Brett and Robert. They moved to Mukwonago, Wisconsin when Eric was very

"Robin Thomas"
Robin Thomas Robin Thomas (born February 12, 1949) is an American film, television and theater actor, and sculptor. He changed his professional name to his birth name Robin Thomas Grossman in 2014 but returned to using Robin Thomas in 2015. Thomas' best-known television roles are as Mark Singleton in ""Another World"" (1983–85), and as Geoffrey Wells on ""Who's the Boss?"". He had recurring roles in series such as ""Murphy Brown"", ""Matlock"", ""Life Unexpected"", and ""The Division"". He appeared in such films as ""Pacific Rim"", ""About Last Night..."", ""The Contender"", ""Summer School"", and ""The Banger Sisters"". He has appeared in such

"Michael Gregory (actor)"
Michael Gregory (actor) Michael Gregory (born November 26, 1944) is an American actor. He appears in character roles in television and films, and has done a lot of voice acting for animation. He was born Gary Steven Meimar in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Sally and Angelo Socrates Meimar. He joined the United States army and served as a personnel specialist. He has an AA from Hartnell College and a BA from San Francisco State University. He lives in Salinas, California. Gregory had a role in an episode of the TV series ""The Partridge Family"" in 1971. Other guest

"Colin Quinn"
Colin Quinn Colin Edward Quinn (born June 6, 1959) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. On television, he is best known for his work on ""Saturday Night Live"", where he anchored Weekend Update, on MTV's 1980s game show ""Remote Control"", where he served as the announcer/sidekick, and as host of Comedy Central's late-night panel show ""Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn"". Notable film work includes his role as Dooey in ""A Night at the Roxbury"", Dickey Bailey in the ""Grown Ups"" films and playing Amy Schumer's father in the film ""Trainwreck"". Comedians such as Jerry Seinfeld and Dave Attell

"Rich Correll"
Rich Correll Richard Thomas ""Rich"" Correll (born May 14, 1948) is an American television actor, director, producer and writer. Born in Los Angeles County, California, Correll is the son of Charles Correll, who starred as Andy Brown on the radio program ""Amos 'n' Andy"". He is the brother of Barbara Correll, Dottie Correll and Charles Correll Jr., who worked on ""Animal House"" as cinematographer and directed episodes of ""Without a Trace"", """", """", ""Beverly Hills, 90210"", ""Melrose Place"" and ""Stargate SG-1"". As a child actor, Correll played the role of Beaver's friend Richard Rickover during the last three seasons of

"Drink can"
must be an easier way, he later stayed up all night until he came up with the pull tab. Pull-tab cans, or the discarded tabs from them, were also called ""pop-tops"" colloquially. In Australia these were colloquially known as ""ring-pull"". Into the 1970s, the pull-tab was widely popular, but its popularity came with a significant problem, as people would frequently discard the pull-tabs on the ground as litter, or drop them into the can and risk choking on them. These problems were both addressed by the invention of the ""push-tab"". Used primarily on Coors Beer cans in the mid-1970s, the

push-tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull-tab. It needed no ring to pull up. Instead, the raised aluminium blister was pushed down into the can, with a small unscored piece that kept the tab connected after being pushed inside. Push-tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the litter problem of the pull-tab, they created a safety hazard where the person's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. An unusual feature of the push-tab Coors Beer cans was that they had

"Ermal C. Fraze"
Ermal C. Fraze Ermal Cleon ""Ernie"" Fraze (September 16, 1913 – October 26, 1989) was an engineer who invented the pull-tab opener used in beverage cans. Fraze was born on a farm near Muncie, Indiana, but later moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he assembled novelties for Cracker Jack boxes. He started his career in Ohio as a machine tool operator in the 1940s. Using a loan from his wife, Martha, he established the Dayton Reliable Tool & Manufacturing Company, his own machine tool business in 1949. The company produced tools such as improved gun barrels for war planes, usually for

"Pull-off bottle cap"
Pull-off bottle cap The RingCrown (also known as RipCap, Ring-pull closure or pull off caps) is a bottle closure that can be opened without any tools. It has a ring that can be pulled in order to detach the cap from the bottle. The cap splits along scores in the cap, therefore loosens and can be removed from the bottle. Drink companies use ring pull caps to differentiate themselves from competitors. ALKA, the predecessor of the modern ring-pull caps, was introduced during the 1930s. ALKA had a seal made of natural cork. It became popular in Nordic countries and Mediterranean

Cola company, in 1964. The early pull-tabs detached easily. In 1976 the ""Journal of the American Medical Association"" noted cases of children ingesting pull-tabs that had broken off and dropped into the can. Full-top pull-tabs were also used in some oil cans and are currently used in some soup, pet food, tennis ball, nuts and other cans. In 1975, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with Reynolds Metals, filed a design patent application for a ""End closure for a container."" This later became known as a ""Sta-Tab."" When the Sta-Tab launched in 1975, on Falls City beer and, quickly, other drinks,

non-removable tabs used today. By 1980, his company was supplying can-end machinery worldwide making over $500 million in annual revenue. Ermal Fraze died in 1989, in Kettering, Ohio from a brain tumor. Soon after his death, the family sold the Dayton Reliable Tool Company to business managers, but it remained in Dayton. Ermal C. Fraze Ermal Cleon ""Ernie"" Fraze (September 16, 1913 – October 26, 1989) was an engineer who invented the pull-tab opener used in beverage cans. Fraze was born on a farm near Muncie, Indiana, but later moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he assembled novelties for Cracker Jack

caused by removable tabs. Such ""retained ring-pull"" cans supplanted pull-off tabs in the United Kingdom in 1989 for soft drinks and 1990 for alcoholic drinks. One of the more recent modifications to can design was the introduction of the ""wide mouth"" can in the late 1990s. The American Can Company, now a part of Rexam, and Coors Brewing Company have owned wide mouth design patent (number D385,192) since 1997. Other companies have similar designs for the wide mouth. Ball Corporation's from 2008 has a vent tube to allow direct airflow into the can reducing the amount of gulps during the

the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck. Press button cans were used by Pepsi in Canada from the 1970s to 1980s and Coors in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in Australia, locally known as ""pop-tops"", for soft drinks during the early 1980s. Another variation on the drink can is the ""full aperture end"", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminium can into a cup. Crown Holdings first designed the ""360 End"" for use

Divco
introduced in 1937 featuring a welded all-steel van body and a snub-nosed hood, a model that was manufactured with almost no changes up to the end of the line in 1986. Along with the new ""Model U"", the company built a new production facility on the outskirts of Detroit. With most Divco trucks, controls allowed driving while standing, including throttle and brake mounted on the steering column. The early models were not refrigerated, with perishable loads such as milk crates loaded and then covered with ice — making the trucks prone to rust from the inside out. The company marketed

Pull-tab
it brings the unique features of allowing players to view the quantity of chances for each given prize value in each deal, as well as other pull tab features common to pull tab operations in Minnesota, Virginia, North Dakota and other jurisdictions. There have been several renditions of electronic pull tabs since 1990. The latest rendition was that authorized in Minnesota in the 2012 legislative session. These devices are available for use by state licensed charitable organizations. This version of an electronic pull tab uses a hand-held device, similar to a tablet computer, with a touch screen interface. All such

"Carl Mann"
Carl Mann Carl Mann (born August 22, 1942 in Huntingdon, Tennessee) is an American rockabilly singer and pianist. Mann was raised in rural Tennessee; his parents owned a lumber business. He sang in church and did country songs for local talent shows, playing guitar and piano. In 1957, he released his first single on Jaxon Records, ""Gonna Rock and Roll Tonight"" b/w ""Rockin' Love."" Several further singles on Jaxon followed, after which Carl Perkins' drummer, W.S. Holland, became Mann's manager, signing him to Sun Records. Sun owner Sam Phillips signed Mann to a three-year contract, and soon after Sun released

complete tracks that began for an album that began in 2013.New tracks unreleased by Carl Mann in the past may be on this album. Carl Mann Carl Mann (born August 22, 1942 in Huntingdon, Tennessee) is an American rockabilly singer and pianist. Mann was raised in rural Tennessee; his parents owned a lumber business. He sang in church and did country songs for local talent shows, playing guitar and piano. In 1957, he released his first single on Jaxon Records, ""Gonna Rock and Roll Tonight"" b/w ""Rockin' Love."" Several further singles on Jaxon followed, after which Carl Perkins' drummer, W.S.

"Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll"
Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll ""Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll"" is a song by the American hard rock band Kiss, released in 1974. It was released as the only single from their second album ""Hotter Than Hell"". Even though the song failed to chart, it is a staple in their live concerts. The B-side was the album title track, ""Hotter Than Hell"". Gene Simmons penned the lyrics during a lunch break at his day job, and the song conveys romantic excitement: ""'Cause baby's got the feeling/Baby wants a show/Baby won't you tell me/Baby rock & roll, yeah, yeah!"".

"Rock the Joint"
Rock the Joint ""Rock the Joint"", also known as ""We're Gonna Rock This Joint Tonight"", is a boogie song recorded by various proto-rock and roll singers, notably Jimmy Preston and early rock and roll singers, most notably Bill Haley. Preston's version has been cited as a contender for being ""the first rock and roll record"", and Haley's is widely considered the first rockabilly record. The song's authorship is credited to Harry Crafton, Wendell ""Don"" Keane, and Harry ""Doc"" Bagby, who were musicians contracted to the Gotham label in New York, owned by Ivin Ballen (although a live version recorded by

"Rock and Roll (Eric Hutchinson song)"
Rock and Roll (Eric Hutchinson song) ""Rock & Roll"" is a song by American singer-songwriter Eric Hutchinson, and the first single released from his major-label debut album ""Sounds Like This"". The song was used in the movie ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2"", and was included in the soundtrack. It was also used as the song to end the final episode of 2008 series of ""Packed to the Rafters"", and was included in the Platinum selling soundtrack. The music video was released in early 2008. The song has since gone Gold in Australia, with sales in excess of 35,000.

"Just Wanna Rock N' Roll"
Just Wanna Rock N' Roll ""Just Wanna Rock N' Roll"" is a song written by Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins, and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released in June 2012 as the third single from his album ""Take a Back Road."" On the Hot Country Songs chart, the song peaked at No. 39. It also peaked at No. 31 on the Country Airplay chart. This song is an uplifting cut that finds Atkins encouraging listeners not to get worried by life's troubles. ""Rodney Clawson wrote that song. It's about your happy switch,"" said the singer

It was also certified Gold in New Zealand, selling over 7,500 copies. Rock and Roll (Eric Hutchinson song) ""Rock & Roll"" is a song by American singer-songwriter Eric Hutchinson, and the first single released from his major-label debut album ""Sounds Like This"". The song was used in the movie ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2"", and was included in the soundtrack. It was also used as the song to end the final episode of 2008 series of ""Packed to the Rafters"", and was included in the Platinum selling soundtrack. The music video was released in early 2008. The song

"I Love Rock 'n' Roll"
I Love Rock 'n' Roll ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said

"The Rebels (surf band)"
and reached #8 on the national charts. To avoid confusion with Duane Eddy and his Rebels, the Rebels became the Rockin' Rebels. Swan pressings can be found with either name; the British Stateside pressings had ""Rockin'"". The band's 1963 LP uses the name ""The Rockin' Rebels"". While the instrumental is the best-known version, the original lyrics were, as mentioned above, a promo for the Shannon radio show. Shannon would tweak the lyrics when he moved to WHTT many years later. In 1989, NRBQ recorded a cover version with Shannon-Todaro approved lyrics under the title ""It's a Wild Weekend"". It was

"The Beach Boys"
The Beach Boys The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961. The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine. Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound. With Brian as composer, arranger, producer, and de facto leader, they often incorporated classical elements and unconventional recording techniques

Double (cricket) A cricketer is said to achieve the double if he scores a thousand or more runs and also takes a hundred or more wickets in first-class matches during the course of a single season. The feat is extremely rare outside England because of the smaller number of first-class matches played in most other countries. It has also become very uncommon in England in recent decades because of the reduction in the first-class programme in favour of more List A matches, last being achieved by Franklyn Stephenson in 1988. Wilfred Rhodes performed the double more often than anyone else,

"Joint Session of Indian Parliament"
Joint Session of Indian Parliament The Parliament of India is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the makers of the Constitution of India visualised situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President (Article 108) and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence,

IN JOINT SESSION: 1. Dowry Prohibition Bill , 1961 2. Banking Service Commission ( Repeal) Bill , 1978 3. Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002 Joint Session of Indian Parliament The Parliament of India is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the makers of the Constitution of India visualised situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President (Article

"Court of Session"
in 2011 (over an appeal from an immigration tribunal) and again in 2015 (over an appeal from a tax tribunal) when barristers recognised by the General Council of the Bar were denied the right to take an appeal on behalf of clients they had represented at tribunal. The court's president is the Lord President, the second most senior judge is the Lord Justice Clerk, with a further 33 Senators of the College of Justice holding office as Lords of Council and Session. The total numbers of judges is fixed by Section 1 of the Court of Session Act 1988, and

the Deputy-Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Chairman doesn't preside over the joint session at any mens/cost. If any of the above officers are not present then any other member of the Parliament can preside by consensus of both the House. As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint session of Parliament can be summoned in the following situations. If after a Bill has been passed by one House and submitted to the other House— (a) the Bill is rejected by the other House; or (b) the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the

"Joint session"
joint session of the two houses elects the members of the Federal Council (cabinet). In India, disputes between houses are resolved by a joint sitting but without an intervening election. In the Australian federal parliament, a joint sitting can be held, under certain conditions, to overcome a deadlock between the two houses. For a deadlock to be declared, a bill has to be rejected twice by the Senate at an interval of at least three months, after which a double dissolution election can be held. If, following the election, the new parliament is still unable to pass the bill, it

house is prorogued or adjourned for more than 4 consecutive days. If the above conditions are satisfied, the President of India may summon joint sitting of both the houses of parliament. Not all bills can be refereed to a joint sitting of Parliament. There are two exception. 1. Money Bill Under the Constitution of India, money bills require approval of the Lok Sabha only. Rajya Sabha can make recommendations to Lok Sabha, which it is not required to accept. Even if Rajya Sabha doesn't pass a money bill within 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both

"Joint session of the United States Congress"
of his own State of the Union address, while the Speech from the Throne is customarily written by the Prime Minister. The Constitution of the United States requires that the president ""shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,"" but does not specify whether the information should be given in a speech or a written report. The first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, delivered the speech in person before both houses of Congress, but that practice was discontinued by Thomas Jefferson, who considered it too monarchical and sent written reports

"Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)"
Deputy and Second Deputy Chairmen of Ways and Means. Typically, the Speaker presides for only three hours each day; for the remainder of the time, one of the deputies takes the Chair. During the annual Budget, when the Chancellor of the Exchequer reads out the government's spending proposal, the Chairman of Ways and Means, rather than the Speaker, presides. Moreover, the Speaker never presides over the Committee of the Whole House, which, as its name suggests, consists of all the members, but operates under more flexible rules of debate. (This device was used so that members could debate independently of

""pro forma"" to symbolise their right to deliberate independently of the monarch. In the House of Lords, the bill is called the Select Vestries Bill, while the Commons equivalent is the Outlawries Bill. The Bills are considered for the sake of form only, and do not make any actual progress. Both houses of the British Parliament are presided over by a speaker, the Speaker of the House for the Commons and the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords. For the Commons, the approval of the Sovereign is theoretically required before the election of the Speaker becomes valid, but it

Parliament, the first to do so was French President Albert Lebrun in March 1939. The speech from the throne upon the State Opening of Parliament is made before a joint sitting of both Houses. This occurs in the House of Lords, the upper chamber, due to the constitutional convention that the monarch never enters the House of Commons. The closing of each of parliamentary session is also marked by a speech to both Houses. The State of the Union Address of the president of the United States is traditionally made before a ""joint session"" of the United States Congress. Many

August 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed ""The Haves"") and the poor and destitute

OWN's history, and also came in first among all of cable television and number 4 among all shows on television for the night it aired. The mid-season premiere aired on May 27, 2014. The third season of the series premiered on January 6, 2015. The second half premiered on June 30, 2015. The fourth season of the series premiered on January 5, 2016 and the second half premiered on June 21, 2016 and aired through September 6, 2016. The fifth season premiered on January 3, 2017 and ended with the mid-season finale on March 14, 2017. On January 30, 2017,

The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network. It is the first scripted television series to air on the network. Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night. Each episode is one hour long. ""Variety"" has recognized ""The Haves and the Have Nots""

"Shari Headley"
Actress in a Drama Series nomination. In 2014, Headley began starring as villainous Jennifer Sallison in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, ""The Haves and the Have Nots"". Born in Queens, New York, Headley is the youngest of four children. She is of part-Trinidadian descent. Headley began her career as a model, appearing in magazines such as ""Glamour"" and ""Mademoiselle"". Headley made her acting debut appearing in an episode of NBC sitcom ""The Cosby Show"" in 1985. Headley later has appeared on ""Miami Vice"", ""Quantum Leap"", and ""Matlock"". In 1988, she was cast in the female leading role opposite

everyone loves to hate"" and ""a bougie buppie, diabolical diva who slept her way to the top of Savannah's high society."" In August 2015, the Broadway veteran actress playing the role, Angela Robinson, was dubbed by an NBC News article as ""Tyler Perry's breakout star"" from her role in ""The Haves and The Have Nots."" Described in her on-air role as a "" villainess,"" she was hailed as ""slowly becoming a household name and gaining a cult-like following from the hit series."" ""The Haves and the Have Nots"" premiered on Tuesday, May 28, 2013, at 9/8c on the Oprah Winfrey

stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations and a bitch slap or two."" Recognizing the show's increasing popularity, OWN renewed the drama series for a 2nd season midway into the first season. The 2nd season was originally to consist of 16 episodes and bring the series to 32 in total by the completion of season 2; however on August 21, it was announced that the network had ordered 4 additional episodes for the 2nd season, which will bring the series to 36 episodes in total by season 2's completion. Season 2 of

"On Golden Pond (1981 film)"
and attempts to stand to say a final farewell to the lake. Ethel tells him she has always known about death but for the first time it felt real, thinking Norman was going to die on the spot. Ethel helps Norman to the edge of the lake where they see the loons and Norman notes how they are just like him and Ethel, that their offspring is grown and gone off on her own, and now it is just the two of them. Jane Fonda purchased the rights to the play specifically for her father, Henry Fonda, to play the

song than this sticky confection."" ""Mad"" magazine satirized the film as ""On Olden Pond"". American Film Institute recognition On Golden Pond (1981 film) On Golden Pond is a 1981 American drama film directed by Mark Rydell. The screenplay by Ernest Thompson was adapted from his 1979 play of the same name. The film stars Katharine Hepburn and Henry Fonda (in his final acting performance) in the lead roles along with Jane Fonda, Doug McKeon, Dabney Coleman and William Lanteau appearing in supporting roles. The film's narrative revolves around an aged couple, cantankerous retiree Norman Thayer and his conciliatory wife Ethel,

On Golden Pond (1981 film) On Golden Pond is a 1981 American drama film directed by Mark Rydell. The screenplay by Ernest Thompson was adapted from his 1979 play of the same name. The film stars Katharine Hepburn and Henry Fonda (in his final acting performance) in the lead roles along with Jane Fonda, Doug McKeon, Dabney Coleman and William Lanteau appearing in supporting roles. The film's narrative revolves around an aged couple, cantankerous retiree Norman Thayer and his conciliatory wife Ethel, who spend summers at their New England vacation home on the shores of idyllic Golden Pond. This year,

role of the cantankerous Norman Thayer. The father-daughter rift depicted on screen closely paralleled the real-life relationship between the two Fondas. Screenwriter Thompson spent his summers along the shores of Great Pond, located in Belgrade, Maine, but the film was made on Squam Lake in Holderness, New Hampshire. The house used in the film was leased from a New York physician and was modified significantly for the shoot: an entire second floor was added as a balcony over the main living area at the request of the production designer. After the shoot, the production company was contractually obligated to return

"On Golden Pond (play)"
and Stan Lachow (Bill Ray). After a summer break, it reopened with the same cast on September 12 at the Century Theatre, a small playhouse in the basement of the Paramount Hotel, where it ran for an additional 256 performances. Ben Slack replaced Ronn Carroll during the course of the run at the Century Theatre. After nineteen previews, a Broadway revival with an African American cast directed by Leonard Foglia and produced by Jeffrey Finn opened on April 7, 2005 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for 93 performances. James Earl Jones and Leslie Uggams headed the cast. Jones,

Best Actress (Hepburn) and Best Adapted Screenplay (Thompson). Henry Fonda won his only competitive Oscar with this film and at the age of 76 became the oldest winner in the Best Actor category, while Katharine Hepburn won her fourth Best Actress award, extending her own record for the most Oscars won by a thespian. ""On Golden Pond"" is also one of the few movies to earn the nominations for five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay). An aging couple, Ethel and Norman Thayer, continue the long tradition of spending each summer at their cottage on a

is a mixed blessing, but it offers one performance of rare quality and three others that are very good. That's not half-bad."" ""TV Guide"" rates it 3 ½ out of a possible four stars, calling it ""a beautifully photographed movie filled with poignancy, humor, and (of course) superb acting . . . there could have been no finer final curtain for [Henry Fonda] than this."" Channel 4 sums up its review by stating, ""Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn both shine in an impressively executed Hollywood drama. [It] has its mawkish moments but there's a certain pleasure in that, and writer

Hepburn, who was 74 at the time of filming, performed all her own stunts, including a dive into the pond. The scene in which Norman and step-grandson Billy run their boat into the rocks was filmed repeatedly. The vintage 1951 mahogany Chris-Craft boat, used strictly for the crash scene, was so sturdy that it kept bouncing off the rocks without any damage. The crew had to modify the boat so it would break away in the wreck. The water level in Squam Lake was so low during the summer of production that Fonda and Doug McKeon could have stood during

their adult daughter, Chelsea, visits with her new fiancé and his teenage son, Billy, on their way to Europe. After leaving Billy behind to bond with Norman, Chelsea returns, attempting to repair the long-strained relationship with her aging father before it's too late. ""On Golden Pond"" was released theatrically on December 4, 1981 and grossed $119.3 million worldwide becoming the second highest grossing film of 1981. The film received critical acclaim for Rydell's direction, Thompson's screenplay and Hepburn and Fonda's performances. The film received ten nominations at the 54th Academy Awards including Best Picture and won three: Best Actor (Fonda),

the house to its original state but the owner liked the renovations so much that he elected to keep the house that way and asked the crew not to dismantle the second story. A gazebo and a small boathouse were also relocated during the shoot. Despite their many common acquaintances and long careers in show business, Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn not only had never worked together, but had never met until working on the film. On the first day of shooting, Hepburn presented Henry Fonda with her longtime companion Spencer Tracy's ""lucky"" hat, which Fonda wore in the film.

"United States Secretary of State"
an instrument delivered to the office of the secretary of state. Accordingly, the resignations of President Nixon and of Vice-President Spiro Agnew, domestic issues, were formalized in instruments delivered to the secretary of state, Henry Kissinger. As the highest-ranking member of the cabinet, the secretary of state is the third-highest official of the executive branch of the Federal Government of the United States, after the president and vice president, and is fourth in line to succeed the presidency, coming after the vice president, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro tempore of the Senate. Six secretaries

1,059,247 miles, and third is Clinton's 956,733 miles. See List of Secretaries of State of the United States United States Secretary of State The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the United States Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by

of state have gone on to be elected president. Others, including Henry Clay, William Seward, James Blaine, William Jennings Bryan, John Kerry, and Hillary Clinton have been unsuccessful presidential candidates, either before or after their term of office as Secretary of State. The nature of the position means that Secretaries of State engage in travel around the world. The record for most countries visited in a secretary's tenure is 112 by Hillary Clinton. Second is Madeleine Albright with 96. The record for most air miles traveled in a secretary's tenure is 1,417,576 miles by John Kerry. Second is Condoleezza Rice's

United States Secretary of State The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the United States Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense,

and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $210,700). The current Secretary of State is Mike Pompeo. On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump dismissed Rex Tillerson and nominated Pompeo, then Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, to replace Tillerson. Tillerson announced later that day that his last day at the State Department would be March 31, 2018. The stated duties of the Secretary of

"Secretary of state (U.S. state government)"
by the governor with confirmation with the state's respective Senate; Florida, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia are amongst the states with this practice. In three states, the secretary of state is elected by the state legislature; the General Assembly of Tennessee meets in joint convention to elect the Secretary of State to a four-year term, and the Maine Legislature and New Hampshire General Court also select their secretaries of state, but to two-year terms. The longest serving state secretary of state in history was Thad A. Eure of North Carolina, who served from 1936 until 1989. Most secretaries of state, or

"United States Secretary of Defense"
(when the United States Coast Guard is under the United States Department of Homeland Security and has not been transferred to the Department of the Navy under the Department of Defense)—authorized to act as convening authority in the military justice system for General Courts-Martial (: article 22, UCMJ), Special Courts-Martial (: article 23, UCMJ), and Summary Courts-Martial (: article 24 UCMJ). Secretary of Defense is a Level I position of the Executive Schedule, and thus earns a salary of $203,700 per year as of January 2015. The longest-serving Secretary of Defense is Robert McNamara, who served for a total of

Benjamin Franklin, and aims to bring mid-career professionals to enrich and expand the Department's capabilities. Unlike the Jefferson Science Fellows Program this is based on volunteer work as you do not get paid to be a part of this. Rather you have sponsors or you contribute your own money in order to fulfill what it will take to do the year long program. The more seniority you have in this program determines what kind of topics you work on and the priority that the issues are to the country. Although the bottom line is that the other Fellows are the

and agreements with foreign entities, and representing the United States at the United Nations. It is led by the Secretary of State, a member of the Cabinet who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. In addition to administering the Department, the Secretary of State serves as the nation's chief diplomat and representative abroad. The Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the Vice President of the United States, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and President pro tempore of the Senate. The

"Secretary of state"
followed by the rest of the Cabinet. President Barack Obama named Hillary Clinton as his choice for 67th Secretary of State on December 1, 2008. She was confirmed on January 21, 2009, the day after Obama's inauguration and is the third woman to hold the position. On December 21, 2012 President Obama announced his choice for Secretary of State during his second term, Senator John Kerry. His confirmation hearing took place on January 24, 2013, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The committee unanimously voted to approve him on January 29, 2013, and the same day the full Senate confirmed

"Keeping Up with the Kardashians"
Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The fifteenth season premiered on August 5, 2018. The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.

to entertain."" The following year, ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" was picked up for a third season. In April 2012, E! signed a three-year deal with the Kardashian family that kept the series airing through seasons seven, eight and nine. ""Keeping up with the Kardashians"" was later renewed for a tenth season which premiered on March 15, 2015. In February 2015, it was announced that the show had been renewed for four more years, along with an additional spin-off series, making it one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. In terms of the show's future, Kim Kardashian

to deal with various LGBT-related issues. It was later cancelled after two seasons. In April 2017, it was announced E! had ordered an 8-episode spin-off ""Life of Kylie"" revolving around Kylie Jenner. It premiered on August 6, 2017. ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" has been the subject of constant panning by critics since its inception. Brian Lowry, reviewing the show for ""Variety"", said that the network: ""widens its lens to encompass the whole irritating brood — including Kim's sisters Khloé and Kourtney, mom-manager Kris and stepdad Bruce Jenner, who now has the distinction of having two sets of useless rich

""Kardashian Inc."" as it is called by ""The Hollywood Reporter"". ""These shows are a 30-minute commercial,"" Khloé Kardashian admitted in 2011, in response to a suggestion that the television series is used to promote their retail stores and endorsement deals. On August 3, 2017, it was announced the show's 10 year anniversary will premiere on September 24, 2017 following the show's season 14 premiere. On August 24, 2017, it was announced the family had signed a $150 million deal with E!. On August 20, 2018, Kim Kardashian announced on Twitter that the family will begin filming Season 16 the following

network announced another show entitled ""Rob & Chyna"" which premiered on September 11 the same year, and follows the relationship of Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna as they prepare to welcome their first child. The show was later renewed for a second season. In July 2017, E! confirmed the series was put on hold, and not on their current schedule. The network has also aired several television specials featuring important family events. A two-part television event called ""Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event"", showcasing the wedding between Kim and Kris Humphries, was broadcast on October 9 and 10, 2011 as

while the second part aired the following day with similar viewership. ""I Am Cait"", a separate documentary series, was announced immediately after the ""20/20"" interview. Jeff Olde, head of programming at E! network, said that the series is ""not at all a ""Kardashian"" spin-off"", and that ""we will not resort to spectacle,"" trying to emphasize its distinct format that is entirely different from most programming on the network, including ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"". The eight-part, one-hour docuseries debuted on July 26, 2015, on E!, and focused on how Jenner was handling the aftermath of the transition; it also attempted

The episodes of ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" are also available on numerous streaming video on demand services, such as Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, Microsoft Movies & TV, Hulu, and Vudu, as well as the E! network's own streaming service. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14,

ratings with 3.2 million viewers. The subsequent season debuted with nearly 4.7 million total viewers, which ranked as the highest-rated season premiere of the show, as of August 2015. It was also the second highest-rated episode of ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"", second only to the previous season's record-breaking finale with 4.8 million viewers. The seventh-season premiere of the series, which aired on May 20, 2012 in its earlier timeslot, continued to deliver high ratings attracting almost three million total viewers which exceeded the premiere of the previous season by 16%. Kim Kardashian has explained the success of the show

he started dating Kim. However, West was seldom seen in subsequent seasons. He explained the reasons for not appearing on the show later: ""You know, the amount of backlash I got from it is when I decided to not be on the show anymore. And it's not that I have an issue with the show; I just have an issue with the amount of backlash that I get."" He also criticized the show for its cinematography and further complained about the way how the show is filmed. In the eighth season, Caitlyn Jenner's sons Brandon and Brody Jenner, as well

another ""Junk in the Trunk"" episode on December 20. The sixth season commenced on June 12, 2011 and ended with a television special ""Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event"" which aired two extended episodes on October 9 and 10. The show later returned on December 19 with the episode ""Kendall's Sweet 16"". Starting with the seventh season, which premiered on May 20, 2012, the half-hour reality series was extended to a full hour in a new 9:00/8:00 pm time slot. The season concluded on October 28. The eighth season of the series started airing on June 2, 2013; it became

"Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)"
selfless Air Nomad teachings. All of the central characters generally remained the same: Zach Tyler Eisen voices Aang, Mae Whitman voices Katara, Jack DeSena voices Sokka, Jessie Flower voices Toph, Dante Basco voices Zuko, Dee Bradley Baker voices Appa and , and Grey DeLisle voices Azula. Additionally, Mark Hamill joins the cast to voice Fire Lord Ozai after having minor appearances throughout the and seasons of the series, while Greg Baldwin now voices Iroh due to Mako Iwamatsu's passing. The season received critical acclaim. Jamie S. Rich from DVD Talk remarked, ""In addition to the solid writing, ""Avatar the Last

Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3) Season Three (Book Three: Fire) of """", an American animated television series on Nickelodeon, first aired its 21 episodes from September 21, 2007 to July 19, 2008. The season was created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, and starred Zach Tyler Eisen, Mae Whitman, Jack DeSena, Jessie Flower, Dante Basco, Dee Bradley Baker, Greg Baldwin, Grey DeLisle and Mark Hamill as the main character voices. This third and final season focuses on Aang's quest to defeat the tyrannical . The season is then followed by """", """", and """" comic series that take

by Creators, ""The Women of Avatar: The Last Airbender"", Book 3 Finale Pencil Test Animation and ""Into the Fire Nation"" at San Diego Comic-Con. The boxed set was released on February 1, 2010 in the United Kingdom. Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3) Season Three (Book Three: Fire) of """", an American animated television series on Nickelodeon, first aired its 21 episodes from September 21, 2007 to July 19, 2008. The season was created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, and starred Zach Tyler Eisen, Mae Whitman, Jack DeSena, Jessie Flower, Dante Basco, Dee Bradley Baker, Greg Baldwin, Grey

Viacom. The season's executive producers and co-creators were Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, who worked alongside episode director and co-producer Aaron Ehasz. Most of the individual episodes were directed by Ethan Spaulding, Lauren MacMullan and Giancarlo Volpe. Episodes were written by a team of writers, which consisted of Aaron Ehasz, Elizabeth Welch Ehasz, Tim Hedrick, and John O'Bryan, along with creators DiMartino and Konietzko. The season's music was composed by ""The Track Team"", which consists of Jeremy Zuckerman and Benjamin Wynn, who were known to the show's creators because Zuckerman was Konietzko's roommate. In the season's beginning, protagonist Aang

place one or two years later after the hundred-year war's end. The final season features twenty-one episodes, one more than the previous two seasons. The consisted of the four episodes airing together as a two-hour television movie. Season Three received a similar positive critical reception to that of the previous seasons. The season, and especially the finale, received much critical acclaim, with praises from sources such as DVD Talk. Between October 30, 2007 and September 16, 2008, Nickelodeon released four DVD volumes and a ""Complete Box Set"". The season was produced by and aired on Nickelodeon, which is owned by

and his friends Sokka, , and Toph are traveling through the Fire Nation, conjuring a plan for invading the Fire Nation and looking for a teacher to teach Aang Firebending. Midway through the season, Aang gathers friends he met in previous episodes and leads a failed invasion into the Fire Nation. Former antagonist and anti-hero Zuko changes sides and joins Aang, serving as his Firebending teacher until the four-part when Aang finally defeats the Fire Lord and ends the one hundred-year war in a surprising way: he uses a new ability to take away Ozai's firebending abilities to avoid violating

Airbender"" [""sic""] also has amazing animation. The character designs, with its roots in classic Asian folklore, are colorful and inventive, and the overall animation is smooth and consistently executed"". Jamie S. Rich wrote in another review: Henrik Batallones, a BuddyTV Staff Columnist, also noted the wide variety of positive reviews from the press for the , noting that sources such as ""The New York Times"" and Toon Zone gave ""Avatar: The Last Airbender"" ""glowing reviews"". The season also received praise for its video and sound quality. Nick Lyons from DVD Talk felt that the video quality appeared better than previous

the mughal garden of rashtrapati bhavan is modelled on which garden

"Mughal gardens"
tulip, which Shah Jahan adopted as a personal symbol. Mughal gardens design derives primarily from the medieval Islamic garden, although there are nomadic influences that come from the Mughals’ Turkish-Mongolian ancestry. Julie Scott Meisami describes the medieval Islamic garden as “a hortus conclusus, walled off and protected from the outside world; within, its design was rigidly formal, and its inner space was filled with those elements that man finds most pleasing in nature. Its essential features included running water (perhaps the most important element) and a pool to reflect the beauties of sky and garden; trees of various sorts, some

Mughal gardens Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the Persian style of architecture. This style was heavily influenced by the Persian gardens particularly the Charbagh structure. Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures. Some of the typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens. The founder of the Mughal empire, Babur, described his favourite type of garden as a charbagh. They use the term bāgh, baug, bageecha or bagicha for garden. This word developed a new meaning in India, as Babur explains; India lacked the fast-flowing streams required

"Aram Bagh, Agra"
Aram Bagh, Agra The Aram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in India, originally built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528, located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in Kabul. The garden is a Persian garden, where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through which rivers flow. The Aram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of cascades. Two viewing pavilions face the

Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, marks the apex of Mughal garden architecture and floral design. He is famous for the construction of the Taj Mahal, a sprawling funereal paradise in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. He is also responsible for the Red Fort at Delhi which contains the Mahtab Bagh, a night garden that was filled with night-blooming jasmine and other pale flowers. The pavilions within are faced with white marble to glow in the moonlight. This and the marble of the Taj Mahal are inlaid with semiprecious stone depicting scrolling naturalistic floral motifs, the most important being the

for the Central Asian charbagh. The Aram Bagh of Agra is thought to have been the first charbagh in South Asia. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens which differ from their Central Asian predecessors with respect to ""the highly disciplined geometry"". An early textual references about Mughal gardens are found in the memoirs and biographies of the Mughal emperors, including those of Babur, Humayun and Akbar. Later references are found from ""the accounts of India"" written by various European travellers (Bernier for example). The first serious historical study of Mughal gardens was written by Constance Villiers-Stuart,

to provide shade merely, and others to produce fruits; flowers, colorful and sweet-smelling; grass, usually growing wild under the trees; birds to fill the garden with song; the whole is cooled by a pleasant breeze. The garden might include a raised hillock at the center, reminiscent of the mountain at the center of the universe in cosmological descriptions, and often surmounted by a pavilion or palace.” The Turkish-Mongolian elements of the Mughal garden are primarily related to the inclusion of tents, carpets and canopies reflecting nomadic roots. Tents indicated status in these societies, so wealth and power were displayed through

Charbagh
India, the Char Bagh concept in imperial mausoleums is seen in Humayun's Tomb in Delhi in a monumental scale. Humayan's father was the Central Asian Conqueror Babur who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. The tradition of paradise garden originated among the Mughals, originally from Central Asia, which is found at Babur's tomb, Bagh-e Babur, in Kabul. This tradition gave birth to the Mughal gardens design and displayed its high form in the Taj Mahal — built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, the great, great, grandson of

"Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal"
increasingly forested trees, replanted the cypresses and laid the gardens to lawns in their own taste. The layout of the garden, and its architectural features such as its fountains, brick and marble walkways, and geometric brick-lined flowerbeds are similar to Shalimar's, and suggest that the garden may have been designed by the same engineer, Ali Mardan. Early accounts of the garden describe its profusion of vegetation, including roses, daffodils, and fruit trees in abundance. As the Mughal Empire declined, the tending of the garden declined as well. When the British took over management of the Taj Mahal, they changed the

Charbagh
the Central Asian Conqueror Babur, as a tomb for his favourite Indian wife Mumtaz Mahal, in Agra, India. Here, unlike most such tombs, the mausoleum is not in the centre of the garden, but on its northern end. The garden features Italian cypress trees (""Cupressus sempervirens"") that symbolize death. Fruit trees in the garden symbolize life. The garden attracts many birds, which are considered one of the features of the garden. In Pakistan, the Mughal Shalimar Gardens and the garden in the Tomb of Jehangir in Lahore are based on the Charbagh concept. A charbagh is located on the roof

"Mehtab Bagh"
that this garden was built by Emperor Babur (d. 1530). It is also noted that Emperor Shah Jahan had identified a site from the crescent-shaped, grass-covered floodplain across the Yamuna River as an ideal location for viewing the Taj Mahal. It was then created as ""a moonlit pleasure garden called Mehtab Bagh."" White plaster walkways, airy pavilions, pools and fountains were also created as part of the garden, with fruit trees and narcissus. The garden was designed as an integral part of the Taj Mahal complex in the riverfront terrace pattern. Its width was identical to that of the rest

"To God Be the Glory"
the Son;<br> But purer, and higher, and greater will be<br> Our wonder, our rapture, when Jesus we see. To God Be the Glory To God Be the Glory is a hymn with lyrics by Fanny Crosby and tune by William Howard Doane, first published in 1875. It appears to have been written around 1872 but was first published in 1875 in Lowry and Doane's song collection, """"Brightest and Best""."" It was already popular in Great Britain before publication. Ira Sankey had introduced it there during Moody's 1873-1874 evangelistic campaigns. Despite this, the song failed to achieve wide usage in the

To God Be the Glory To God Be the Glory is a hymn with lyrics by Fanny Crosby and tune by William Howard Doane, first published in 1875. It appears to have been written around 1872 but was first published in 1875 in Lowry and Doane's song collection, """"Brightest and Best""."" It was already popular in Great Britain before publication. Ira Sankey had introduced it there during Moody's 1873-1874 evangelistic campaigns. Despite this, the song failed to achieve wide usage in the United States and was included in very few hymnals. In 1954 Cliff Barrows, song leader for Billy Graham,

was handed a copy with the suggestion that it be added to the song book for the London Crusade. It was so popular that he included it again later that year in the Crusade in Nashville, Tennessee. The audience responded enthusiastically and from that time on, he used it regularly. With this exposure, the song rapidly became familiar to a Christians worldwide and is included in most modern hymnals. Stanza 1<br> To God be the glory, great things He hath done;<br> So loved He the world that He gave us His Son,<br> Who yielded His life an atonement for sin,<br>

"Thine Be the Glory"
Thine Be the Glory Thine Be the Glory, Risen Conquering Son (French: ""À toi la gloire O Ressuscité""), also titled Thine Is the Glory, is an Easter Christian hymn, written by the Swiss writer Edmond Budry (1854–1932) and set to the tune of the chorus ""See, the Conqu'ring hero comes"" from Handel's oratorio ""Judas Maccabaeus"", the 3rd part. The hymn is sometimes sung at weddings or funerals, and in Ireland is associated with Christmas as well as Easter. An English translation was written in 1923 by Richard Hoyle (1875–1939). With German lyrics it is sung as an Advent hymn called

"Glory Song"
Jesus Christ. We will see Him then “in His completeness, face to face,” not “as if we were peering at His reflection in a poor mirror” (I Cor 13:12, LL). And all the changes that will take place in us will happen because “when He comes we will be like Him, as a result of seeing Him as He really is” (I John 3:2, LL). Glory Song ""O That Will Be Glory"", also known as ""The Glory Song"", with words and music by Charles H. Gabriel (1856-1932), was first published in 1900. In 1914, J. H. Hall claimed that the

"All Glory, Laud and Honour"
All Glory, Laud and Honour ""All Glory, Laud and Honour"", is an English translation by the Anglican clergyman John Mason Neale of the Latin hymn ""Gloria, laus et honor"", which was written by Theodulf of Orléans in 820. It is a Palm Sunday hymn, based on Matthew 21:1–11 and the occasion of Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Neale's hymn appears as Number 86 in ""Hymns Ancient & Modern"" in a version with six stanzas, using the first four lines as the chorus of each stanza: The first four lines constitute the refrain, which is repeated between each stanza. The commonly

Glory Song ""O That Will Be Glory"", also known as ""The Glory Song"", with words and music by Charles H. Gabriel (1856-1932), was first published in 1900. In 1914, J. H. Hall claimed that the song had been translated into at least 17 languages and that at least 17 million copies of the song were then in print. From 1930 to 1965, ""O That Will Be Glory"" was the theme song of evangelist G. E. Lowman's international radio broadcast. The musical score of the song can be found online in Excell's ""Praises"" (song number 4). 1. When all my labors

"Glory to God"
and written by lyricist Isaac Bikkers (1833-1903). The hymn is thus one of a series that have drawn on that text, including Angels We Have Heard on High, Angels from the Realms of Glory, While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks, and, by far the most ancient, the Greater Doxology or Gloria in Excelsis Deo. The music is attributed to F.A. Schultz, of whom little is known except for references by others that a Franz Albert Schultz wrote a song book while working at a college in Königsberg in 1731. No copies of this book are extant. The music is grandiose in

"I Vow to Thee, My Country"
thy sons. </poem> First performed in 1921, it is still associated with Remembrance Day services all over the Commonwealth of Nations. I Vow to Thee, My Country ""I Vow to Thee, My Country"" is a British patriotic hymn, created in 1921, when a poem by Sir Cecil Spring Rice was set to music by Gustav Holst. The origin of the hymn's text is a poem by diplomat Sir Cecil Spring Rice, written in 1908 or 1912, entitled """" (""The City of God"") or ""The Two Fatherlands"". The poem described how a Christian owes his loyalties to both his homeland and

Tochter Zion, freue dich. The tune of Thine Be the Glory was written by Handel in 1747, intended for use in Handel's ""Joshua"" oratorio; however, when it was played, it was popular enough that Handel added it to ""Judas Maccabaeus"". In 1796, Ludwig Van Beethoven composed twelve variations on it for both piano and cello. In 1884, Edmond L. Budry used Handel's tune and wrote words for them, which he titled ""A Toi la Gloire."" It is reported that he was inspired to write it after the death of his first wife, Marie de Vayenborg in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was

"Animal Welfare Act of 1966"
Animal Welfare Act of 1966 The Animal Welfare Act (Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966, P.L. 89-544) was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 24, 1966. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research and exhibition. Other laws, policies, and guidelines may include additional species coverage or specifications for animal care and use, but all refer to the Animal Welfare Act (otherwise known as the ""AWA"") as the minimally acceptable standard for animal treatment and care. The USDA and APHIS oversee the AWA and the House

"Animal Welfare Act 2006"
Animal Welfare Act 2006 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (c 45) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is the first signing of pet law since the Protection of Animals Act 1911, which it largely replaced. It also superseded and consolidated more than 20 other pieces of legislation, such as the Protection of Animals Act 1934 and the Abandonment of Animals Act 1960. The Act introduced the new welfare offence. This means that animal owners have a positive duty of care, and outlaws neglecting to provide for their animals' basic needs, such as access to adequate

"H.R. 3109 (113th Congress)"
of the 113th United States Congress. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at , is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain (acting on behalf of Canada). The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill or sell birds listed therein (""migratory birds""). The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers, eggs and nests. Over 800 species are

have been made under this section: Animal Welfare Act 2006 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (c 45) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is the first signing of pet law since the Protection of Animals Act 1911, which it largely replaced. It also superseded and consolidated more than 20 other pieces of legislation, such as the Protection of Animals Act 1934 and the Abandonment of Animals Act 1960. The Act introduced the new welfare offence. This means that animal owners have a positive duty of care, and outlaws neglecting to provide for their animals' basic

"Endangered Species Act of 1969"
to the Endangered Species Act of 1969, the Lacey Act of 1900, was the first in a long line of efforts by the United States government to preserve wildlife. Introduced by Iowa Congressman John F. Lacey in the House of Representatives in 1900 and signed into law by President William McKinley on May 25, 1900, it was originally ""directed more at the preservation of game and wild birds by making it a federal crime to poach game in one state with the purpose of selling the bounty in another"". The Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-669) was

"Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976"
Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 The Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 (22 July) is a law of the United Kingdom that was originally enacted to deal with the increasing fashion in the late 1960s and early 1970s of people keeping interesting pets which were often from the more dangerous species, as well as hybrids between wild and domestic species, such as wolfdogs and Bengal cats. It was increasingly seen as unacceptable—in regard to public safety—for the average citizen to be able to acquire a potentially dangerous animal without some form of regulatory control. Its purpose was to ensure that when

"Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876"
Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876 The Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876, was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (39 & 40 Vict., Public Acts, c. 77.) which set limits on the practice of, and instituted a licensing system for animal experimentation, amending the Cruelty to Animals Act 1849. Its long title was ""An Act to amend the Law relating to Cruelty to Animals (15th August 1876)."" The Act was replaced 110 years later by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. The Act stipulated that researchers would be prosecuted for cruelty, unless they conformed to its provisions,

"Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918"
Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1916 to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain (acting on behalf of Canada). The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, or sell birds listed therein as migratory birds. The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers, eggs, and nests. Over 800

"United States environmental and occupational health in zoos"
may help limit potentially hazardous situations for guests. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which was signed into law August 24, 1966, is the only federal law which regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition transport and by dealers. The Act has been amended seven times since (1970, 1976, 1985, 1990, 2002, 2007, 2008) but the most recent amendments have focused on animal rights regarding matters such as farm animals and animal fighting. It not only regulates the well-being of animals but it also monitors how animals in zoos may be exhibited and treated. Although it provides protection for all

in the November 29, 1965 issue of Sports Illustrated. The piece detailed the story of Pepper the Dalmatian, a dog that disappeared from the yard of the Lakavage family home in Pennsylvania. It was later discovered that Pepper had been stolen by ""dog-nappers,"" was bought by a Bronx hospital, and had died during an experimental surgical procedure. On July 9, 1965, Representative Joseph Y. Resnick introduced H.R. 9743 into the House of Representatives, a bill that would require dog and cat dealers, as well as the laboratories that purchased the animals to be licensed and inspected by the USDA. A

"I Dig Rock and Roll Music"
I Dig Rock and Roll Music ""I Dig Rock and Roll Music"" is a 1967 song by the American folk group Peter, Paul and Mary, written by Paul Stookey, James Mason and Dave Dixon. Credited to Stookey-Mason-Dixon, the song's lyrics reference contemporary rock artists including the Mamas & the Papas, Donovan, and the Beatles. The song parodies and satirizes the vocal style of the Mamas & the Papas in the first verse, Donovan in the second verse and the Beatles in the third verse. Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic commented that the song ""simply celebrates the simple joy of pop music

noted for its psychedelic feedback effects, miming the volume swell on the electric guitar from Donovan's 1966 song ""Sunshine Superman"". The backing vocal effect in the verse, parodying the Beatles, reflects ""Yellow Submarine"". I Dig Rock and Roll Music ""I Dig Rock and Roll Music"" is a 1967 song by the American folk group Peter, Paul and Mary, written by Paul Stookey, James Mason and Dave Dixon. Credited to Stookey-Mason-Dixon, the song's lyrics reference contemporary rock artists including the Mamas & the Papas, Donovan, and the Beatles. The song parodies and satirizes the vocal style of the Mamas & the

"Dig Richards"
Dig Richards Digby George ""Dig"" Richards (12 September 194017 February 1983) was an Australian rock and roll singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, musical theatre actor and television presenter, active during the late 1950s and early 1960s as lead singer with the R'Jays. Richards was the first Australian rock and roll artist to record a 12"" LP record in Australia, with the self-titled album ""Dig Richards"", released in November 1959. From 1971 he performed as a solo country music artist. According to the Kent Music Report he had four Top 30 national hit singles, ""(My) Little Lover"" / ""Quarrels (Are a Sad Sad

"I Dig Love"
the song. Part of Puthli's version was sampled by British rapper Kano for his 2005 track ""Reload It"". Like ""Woman Don't You Cry for Me"" and ""Sue Me, Sue You Blues"", ""I Dig Love"" originated from George Harrison's initial experimentation with slide-guitar playing, in open E tuning. His introduction to this technique occurred in December 1969, when he joined Eric Clapton as a guest on Delaney & Bonnie's European tour. In his autobiography, ""I Me Mine"", Harrison recalls that Delaney Bramlett ""handed me a bottleneck slide and asked me to play a line which Dave Mason had played on the

"Marc Benno"
Marc Benno Marc Benno (born July 1, 1947, Dallas, Texas) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Benno was a member of the Asylum Choir with Leon Russell in the late 1960s. He launched a solo career in the early 1970s, with the 1972 album ""Ambush"" being his most commercially successful. He wrote the song ""Rock 'n Roll Me Again"", which was recorded by the band The System for the soundtrack of the 1985 film ""Beverly Hills Cop""; the soundtrack won a Grammy Award. Benno also worked with musicians such as the Doors, Eric Clapton, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Clarence White and

"Rock It For Me"
the thing…but today the rage is rhythm and rhyme"""". Although the term ""rock and roll"" was not widely used to describe a musical genre until the 1950s, uses of the term were not uncommon in various blues and jazz recordings from the 1920s onward. ""Billboard"" columnist Maurie Orodenker used the term as early as 1942, while Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed helped make the phrase popular in the early 1950s. Rock It For Me ""Rock It For Me"" is a song written by twins Kay and Sue Werner, and released as a single in 1938 by Chick Webb and

Derek and the Dominos with Clapton at this time. According to Leng and author Bruce Spizer, Whitlock provided the piano part on the recording, while the Wurlitzer electric piano and Hammond organ were played by Gary Wright and Billy Preston, respectively. In his autobiography, however, Whitlock states that, being a non-pianist at this stage of his career, he played organ on the track, while Preston supplied the piano part. Accompanying Harrison on electric guitars (at least two of which were played using a slide) were Clapton and Mason, while Ringo Starr contributed the drum fills that complement the main riff,

"Masters of the Universe (film)"
Masters of the Universe (film) Masters of the Universe is a 1987 American superhero film directed by Gary Goddard, produced by Yoram Globus and by Menahem Golan and written by David Odell. The film stars Dolph Lundgren, Frank Langella, Jon Cypher, Chelsea Field, Billy Barty, Courteney Cox, Robert Duncan McNeill and Meg Foster. It is based on the Mattel toyline of the same name and brings the story of two teenagers who meet the mighty warrior He-Man, who arrived on Earth from planet Eternia and now goes on a mission to save the universe from the villainous Skeletor, his nemesis.

"Masters of the Universe"
the Universe"", released in the United States was August 7, 1987. The film was directed by Gary Goddard and starred Dolph Lundgren in the title role of He-Man, Frank Langella as Skeletor, with Courteney Cox, Robert Duncan McNeill and James Tolkan in supporting roles (as Julie Winston, Kevin Corrigan, and Detective Lubic, respectively). The other characters from the original cartoon to appear in the film are Evil-Lyn (Meg Foster), Man-At-Arms (Jon Cypher), Teela (Chelsea Field), Beast Man (Tony Carroll), and the Sorceress (Christina Pickles). The new character, Gwildor (Billy Barty), is included in place of Orko, as the special effects

kids but scorned by critics, it's a high camp oddity that we should celebrate on its own terms"". Billy Barty received a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actor for his performance in the film, but 'lost' to David Mendenhall for ""Over the Top"". The commercial failure of ""Masters of the Universe"", among other films such as """" and ""Lifeforce"", contributed to the eventual closure of Cannon Films. Cannon Films had intended to create a ""Masters of the Universe"" sequel, indicated by the end credits with a surprise reveal that Skeletor survives his fall. The sequel titled ""Masters of

"The Puppet Masters (film)"
The Puppet Masters (film) The Puppet Masters is a 1994 science fiction film, adapted by Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio and David S. Goyer from Robert A. Heinlein's 1951 novel of the same title, in which a trio of American government agents attempts to thwart a covert invasion of Earth by mind-controlling alien parasites. The film was directed by Stuart Orme and stars Donald Sutherland, Eric Thal, Keith David, Julie Warner and Andrew Robinson. When a flying saucer reportedly lands in rural Iowa, The Old Man (who runs a secret branch of the CIA), decides to investigate. He goes in person,

"The Master (2012 film)"
own."" He would later call the film the Best Film of 2012. Todd McCarthy of ""The Hollywood Reporter"" praised the score composed by Jonny Greenwood. He stated: ""In a film overflowing with qualities, but also brimming with puzzlements, two things stand out: the extraordinary command of cinematic technique, which alone is nearly enough to keep a connoisseur on the edge of his seat the entire time, and the tremendous portrayals by Joaquin Phoenix and Philip Seymour Hoffman of two entirely antithetical men, one an unlettered drifter without a clue, the other an intellectual charlatan who claims to have all the

cleavage into the character's costume. Foster wanted the character to have a large hairstyle, rather than the short style featured in the film. When offered the role, Langella said that he ""didn’t even blink ... I couldn't wait to play him."" Langella cited his then-four-year-old son's love of Skeletor while running around his house yelling He-Man's battle cry ""I have the power!"", as the reason he chose to play He-Man's archenemy. Comic book writer/artist John Byrne compared the film to Jack Kirby's comic book metaseries ""Fourth World"", stating in ""Comic Shop News"" #497: Director Gary Goddard clarified this in a

it all about"" question, but I lean [toward the interpretation that] The Master is above all a love story between Joaquin Phoenix's damaged World War II vet, Freddie Quell, and Philip Seymour Hoffmann's charismatic charlatan, Lancaster Dodd. And that relationship is powerful and funny and twisted and strange enough that maybe that's all the movie needs to be about."" Others have argued that the film is partly about acting; Richard Brody of the ""New Yorker"" observed that ""Similarly, it's perhaps notable that Phoenix's performance seems to represent the tormented, physical acting styles of the latter half of the twentieth century

Time-Flight
was the biggest disappointment from his time on the series, stating it was a ""very good story, but we had run out of money. We filmed the prehistoric landscape of Heathrow airport in Studio 8 [at TV Centre] with a model Concorde in the back of the studio. The monsters were bits of foam. We didn't do the story justice."" In order to hide the Master's involvement in this story, the first episode did not credit Anthony Ainley as the Master. Instead, the credits and ""Radio Times"" listed ""Leon Ny Taiy"" (an anagram of ""Tony Ainley"") as playing Kalid. Keith

along. They took issue not only with this statement, but with the way it supposedly paralleled L. Ron Hubbard, Jr.'s conflict with his own father. While church members objected to other scenes, Anderson did not excise any of them from the film. He stated that Cruise ""did see the film. It's something between us. Everything is fine, though."" The Master (2012 film) The Master is a 2012 American drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Joaquin Phoenix, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Amy Adams. It tells the story of Freddie Quell (Phoenix), a World War II

Bros. to produce the ""Masters of the Universe"" live-action film after Mattel and Silver couldn't agree on creative direction for the film. Sony and Escape Artists' Todd Black, Jason Blumenthal and Steve Tisch were now developing the project from scratch for Columbia. In April 2010, Sony hired screenwriters Mike Finch and Alex Litvak to draft a new script. Deadline reported that Jon M. Chu was in talks to direct the film. Original He-Man actor Dolph Lundgren did an interview with IGN about possibly appearing in the film as King Randor. On October 12, 2012, Richard Wenk was hired to rewrite

who has been ranked no. 1 in the latest football rankings announced by fifa

international matches. The ranking system has been revamped on several occasions, generally responding to criticism that the preceding calculation method did not effectively reflect the relative strengths of the national teams. The current version of the ranking system was first used on 16 August 2018, adapted from the Elo rating system used in chess and Go. The rankings remain slightly different from the unofficial World Football Elo Ratings, which makes different presumptions and adaptations to the FIFA rankings. In December 1992, FIFA first published a listing in rank order of its member associations to provide a basis for comparison of

were a seeded team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup having played only three friendly matches in the previous year, and Poland before the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The use of regional strength multiplier in the ranking formula before 2018 was also accused of further reinforcing and perpetuating the bias for and against certain regions. FIFA's use of regional multiplier was cited as a primary reason why most teams in AFC (Asia) and CONCACAF (North America) held significantly lower FIFA rankings compared to their position in the World Football Elo Rankings. On 10 June 2018, the new ranking system was

The 19 July 2018 release was cancelled following the new calculation method implementation. FIFA World Rankings The FIFA World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, currently led by Belgium. The teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest. The rankings were introduced in December 1992, and eight teams (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have held the top position, of which Brazil have spent the longest ranked first. A points system is

Israeli press; and Belgium's rank of world number 1 in November 2015, given that Belgium had only played in one tournament final stage in the past 13 years. Further criticisms of the 2006-2018 formula included the inability of hosts of major tournaments to retain a high place in the rankings, as the team participated in only lower-value friendly matches due to their automatic qualification for the tournament. For example, 2014 FIFA World Cup hosts Brazil fell to a record low ranking of 22nd in the world prior to that tournament, at which they then finished fourth. 2018 FIFA World Cup

will be updated on a game-by-game basis. The weighting designated for each confederation for ranking purposes will be abolished. However, the new methodology does not account for home or away games and margin of the victory, as Elo rankings. FIFA had intended to introduce the new ranking system in July 2018, but with no matches scheduled between the July and August ranking dates, delayed until August 2018. There was speculation from football journalists such as ESPN's Dale Johnson that this was because projections of the new rankings had seen relatively little change in positions, with Germany – who had been

hosts Russia had the lowest ranking (70th) at the tournament, where they reached quarterfinals. In the 2010s, teams realized the ranking system could be 'gamed', specifically by avoiding playing non-competitive matches, particularly against weaker opponents. This was because the low weighting of friendlies meant that even victories could reduce a team's ""average"" score: in other words, a team could win a match and lose points. Prior to the seeding of the 2018 World Cup preliminary draw, Romania even appointed a ranking consultant, playing only one friendly in the year before the draw. Similar accusations had been made against Switzerland, who

the top spot for the first time, only to relinquish it the following month. In July 2014, Germany took over the lead once again, having won the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In July 2015, Argentina reached the top spot for the first time since 2008, after reaching both the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final, as well as the 2015 Copa America Final. In November 2015, Belgium became the leader in the FIFA rankings for the first time, after topping their Euro 2016 qualifying group. Belgium led the rankings until April 2016, when Argentina returned to the top. On 6 April

eliminated in the first round of the World Cup – remaining as the top ranked team. FIFA had originally planned to use existing world ranking points from June 2018 as the start value, but when the August rankings appeared, the starting points had been changed to an equal distribution of points between 1600 (Germany, as the previously top ranked team) and 868 (Anguilla, Bahamas, Eritrea, Somalia, Tonga and Turks and Caicos Islands, which had 0 points in June), according to the formula: formula_1, where R is the rank in June 2018. When two or more teams had equal ranks, the

"History of Newfoundland and Labrador"
in a village on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula, known today as L'Anse aux Meadows. Remnants and artifacts of the occupation can still be seen at L'Anse aux Meadows, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The island was inhabited by the Beothuks (known as ""skrælingjar"" in Greenlandic Norse) and later by Mi'kmaq. From the late 15th Century, European explorers like John Cabot, João Fernandes Lavrador, Gaspar Corte-Real, Jacques Cartier and others began exploration. John Cabot (1450–1499), commissioned by King Henry VII of England, landed on the North East coast of North America in 1497. The exact location of

"Newfoundland (island)"
island was inhabited by aboriginal populations. About 500 years later, in 1497, the Italian navigator John Cabot (Zuan/Giovanni Cabotto) became the first European since the Norse settlers to set foot on Newfoundland, working under commission of King Henry VII of England. His landing site is unknown but popularly believed to be Cape Bonavista, along the island's East coast. Another site claimed is Cape Bauld, at the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula. A document found in the Spanish National Archives, written by a Bristol merchant, reports that Cabot's crew landed west of Dursey Head, Ireland (latitude 51° 35'N), which would

his landing is unknown but the 500th anniversary of his landing was commemorated in Bonavista, Newfoundland. The 1497 voyage has generated much debate among historians, with various points in Newfoundland, and Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, most often identified as the likely landing place. Fishing vessels with Basque, English, Portuguese, French and Spanish crews started to make seasonal expeditions . Basque vessels had been fishing cod shoals off Newfoundland's coasts since the beginning of the 16th century, and their crews used the natural harbour at Placentia. French fishers also began to use the area. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, provided with

tensions between British Protestants and Irish Catholics faded, and a new spirit of a unified Newfoundland identity has recently emerged through songs and popular culture. Human habitation in Newfoundland and Labrador can be traced back about 9000 years to the people of the Maritime Archaic Tradition. They were gradually displaced by people of the Dorset Culture the L'nu, or Mi'kmaq and finally by the Innu and Inuit in Labrador and the Beothuks on the island. The first European contact with North America was that of the medieval Norsemen settlers arriving via Greenland. For several years after 1000 AD they lived

"Newfoundland Colony"
French and Spanish crews started visiting on a seasonal basis. At some point during the early 16th Century, some of these fishing crews founded an informal settlement at Placentia. The Beothuk gradually became extinct as a people, as they suffered from new infectious diseases carried by the colonists, to which they had no immunity and the loss of habitat due to English and French settlement. From 1610 onwards, the Kingdom of England established colonial settlements in Newfoundland, led by proprietary governors, as England tried to create North American footholds. John Guy was governor of the first settlement at Cuper's Cove.

Most died due to infectious diseases carried by Europeans, to which they had no immunity, and starvation. Government attempts to engage with the Beothuk and aid them came too late. The Beothuk were exceptionally hostile to foreigners, unlike the Mi'kmaq. The latter readily traded with Europeans and became established in settlements in Newfoundland. Newfoundland is the site of the only authenticated Norse settlement in North America. This archeological site was discovered by Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and his wife, archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad, at L'Anse aux Meadows in 1960. The site has been the subject of multi-year archaeological digs in

"Leif Erikson"
Leif Erikson Leif Erikson or Leif Ericson ( 970 – c. 1020) was a Norse explorer from Iceland. He was the first known European to have set foot on continental North America (excluding Greenland), before Christopher Columbus. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada. Later archaeological evidence suggests that Vinland may have been the areas around the Gulf of St. Lawrence and that the L'Anse aux Meadows site was a ship repair station. Leif was the son

the 1960s and 1970s. These have revealed that the settlement dated to more than 500 years before John Cabot; it contains the earliest-known European structures in North America. Designated as a World Heritage site by UNESCO, it is believed to be the Vinland settlement of explorer Leif Eiriksson. (The Icelandic Skálholt Vinland Map of 1570 refers to the area as ""Promontorium Winlandiæ"" and correctly shows it on a 51°N parallel with Bristol, England). The Norse stayed for a relatively short period of time, believed to be between 999 and 1001 AD. Before and after the departure of the Norse, the

arrived from 1497 and later, starting with John Cabot, they established contact with the Beothuk. Estimates of the number of Beothuk on the island at this time vary, ranging from 700 to 5,000. Later both the English and French settled the island. They were followed by the Mi'kmaq, an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people from eastern Canada and present-day Nova Scotia. As European and Mi'kmaq settlement became year-round and expanded to new areas of the coast, the area available to the Beothuk to harvest the marine resources they relied upon was diminished. By the beginning of the 19th century, few Beothuk remained.

"Newfoundland and Labrador"
The earliest, though, is the Voyage of Saint Brendan, the fantastical account of an Irish monk who made a sea voyage in the early 6th century. While the story itself became a part of myth and legend, some historians believe it is based on fact. In 1496 John Cabot obtained a charter from English King Henry VII to ""sail to all parts, countries and seas of the East, the West and of the North, under our banner and ensign and to set up our banner on any new-found-land"" and on June 24, 1497, landed in Cape Bonavista. Historians disagree on

"Walker, Texas Ranger"
follow-up movie. When they announced their fall 2006 prime-time schedule, CBS said that they would no longer be producing ""Sunday Night Movie of the Week"" projects, which severely impaired any hopes of Walker's return to television in the foreseeable future. On May 15, 2007, CBS announced its fall line-up, but this did not include the return of the ""Sunday Night Movie of the Week."" Most episodes were based on true stories. A short-lived series, ""Sons of Thunder"", featured recurring character Carlos Sandoval, who resigns from his post with the Dallas police and teams up with childhood friend Trent Malloy (a

up a frown if Walker does not obtain results in time. He also gets advice on cases from C.D. Parker (Gailard Sartain, pilot season; Noble Willingham, Seasons 1–7), a veteran Ranger (later inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame) who worked with Walker (and is the only character on the show to address Walker by his first name Cordell on a regular basis) until retiring to operate a small restaurant and bar called ""CD's Bar and Grill"", a restaurant widely known in the series for its chili. In Season 7, two rookie Texas Rangers, Sydney Cooke (Nia Peeples), and

Gilyard shot a cameo for the movie but was not featured due to the filming's conflict with a long-planned family vacation. To fill the void, Judson Mills, who was not in the original script, returned to reprise the role of Francis Gage. Nia Peeples, who played the role of Sydney Cooke for Seasons 7 and 8, was also not featured in Walker's return to prime-time television. The explanation given was that producers decided not to follow much of the original ""Walker Texas Ranger"" series, as to give the movie a fresh look. Even the show's original opening credits with the

community service. Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community. The show was initially developed by executive producer Allison Moore and supervising producer J. Michael Straczynski when the series was still being produced by Cannon Television. While Straczynski had to depart to get his new series ""Babylon 5"" on the air, executive producer David Moessinger remained to finish developing the series. The show is centered on Sergeant Cordell Walker (Norris), a Dallas–Fort Worth–based member of the Texas Rangers, a state-level bureau

Francis Gage (Judson Mills), are assigned under Walker and Trivette's command. The series was well-known during its run for its product placement deal with Chrysler, especially its Dodge division. After Walker used a GMC Sierra during the first season, he switched to the Dodge Ram (which at the start of the second season was completely redesigned for 1994), which would be advertised during commercial breaks. Other members of the cast often used other Chrysler vehicles, while villains would drive vehicles from General Motors or Ford Motor Company. This was not unlike ""The Andy Griffith Show"", which exclusively used Ford vehicles

Walker, Texas Ranger Walker, Texas Ranger is an American action crime television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film ""Lone Wolf McQuade"", with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993, with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes. Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25, 1993, to May 19, 2001, and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28, 2001. It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and

has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled """". The movie ended on a cliffhanger, which was never resolved. DVD sets of all seasons have been released (with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season). At various times since 1997, reruns of the show have aired, in syndication, on the USA Network and Action in Canada. Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action, WGN America, INSP and Grit and One, being part of Network Ten in Australia. The series was noted for its moralistic style. The characters refrained from the use of drugs, and they participated in

of investigation. Walker was raised by his paternal uncle, a Native American named Ray Firewalker (Floyd Red Crow Westerman, pilot episode, Season 1; Apesanahkwat, Season 2). The surname being, possibly, a nod to the 1986 Norris film, ""Firewalker"". Cordell, prior to joining the Rangers, served in the Marines' elite recon unit during the Vietnam War. Both Cordell and Uncle Ray share the values characteristic of Wild West sheriffs. His partner and best friend is James ""Jimmy"" Trivette (Clarence Gilyard), a former Dallas Cowboys player, ""Go Long Trivette"", who takes a more modern approach. Walker's young partner grew up in Baltimore

on DVD in Region 1. ""The Complete 1st Season"" contains the three pilot episodes and the first full season being labeled as just the first season. This has confused some fans, as the episodes are wrongly numbered. Seasons 1–6 have been released in regions 2–4. On May 12, 2015, CBS DVD released ""Walker, Texas Ranger- The Complete Collection"" on DVD in Region 1. CBS broadcast the television movie ""Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire"", produced by Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios), on October 16, 2005. Chuck Norris, Sheree J. Wilson and Judson Mills reprised their roles, and Clarence

"Texas constable"
office from two years to four. Today, constables numbering approximately 780 are elected from precincts in most Texas counties. Their law-enforcement roles vary widely, but in general their police powers are no different from those of other peace officers in the state. Complete records do not exist, but the most recent estimate is that at least ninety-three Texas constables have died in the line of duty, including sixty-seven in the twentieth century. In some Texas counties, the constable position remains unfilled for several years and this is attributed to several factors such as the refusal of people appointed to the

"The Light Between Oceans (film)"
by Cianfrance's ""Blue Valentine"". In September 2013, Cianfrance was announced to direct the film. In May 2014, Michael Fassbender was announced in the film. In June 2014, Alicia Vikander joined the cast of the film, followed by Rachel Weisz in July 2014. Participant Media joined the production in August 2014. Principal photography started in September 2014, with filming locations in New Zealand and Australia. Filming took place in Dunedin, Port Chalmers and on the Otago Peninsula, Saint Bathans in Central Otago and at the Cape Campbell Lighthouse in Marlborough. Filming sites included the former Dunedin Prison in Dunedin and Stuart

workshops in Dunedin it ran exclusively in the South Island of New Zealand from 1947 until 1971. In November the production moved to Australia and filming began in Stanley, Tasmania where the crews transformed some locations in the town including the pier, which was refurbished, and the road, which was covered in gravel. Production wrapped on November 24, 2014. Cianfrance spent a year editing the film, with little breaks in between with the first cut of the film ending up at 2 hours and 20 minutes. ""The Light Between Oceans"" held its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film

not involved with ""Beyond the Sea"" once production began in Germany. Filming was originally set to begin in June 2003 before it was pushed to November 7, 2003, lasting until late-January 2004. 80% of ""Beyond the Sea"" was shot using sound stages at Babelsberg Studios in Germany and Pinewood Studios in England. Lulworth Cove, Dorset, South West England doubled for Darin's setting of reclusiveness in Big Sur, California. In an attempt to convincingly portray Darin, particularly during the early stages of the singer's life depicted in the film, Spacey hired prosthetic makeup designer Peter King from ""The Lord of the

Street at the former King Edward Technical College building. Footage aboard a steam train was filmed in October inside a refurbished wooden ""bird cage"" passenger carriage from the Pleasant Point Railway in South Canterbury. Mainline Steam Heritage Trust used Ja 1240 ""Jessica"" for the movie and it was transferred from the trust's Christchurch depot to Dunedin for filming to take place. While the scene in which the locomotive is used was set in 1918, locomotive Ja 1240 was built in 1947 and was the second New Zealand Railways JA class locomotive to be built. Built at New Zealand Railways Hillside

The Light Between Oceans (film) The Light Between Oceans is a 2016 romantic period drama film written and directed by Derek Cianfrance and based on the 2012 novel of the same name by M. L. Stedman. An international co-production between the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, the film stars Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander, Rachel Weisz, Bryan Brown, and Jack Thompson. The film tells the story of a lighthouse keeper and his wife who rescue and adopt an infant girl adrift at sea. Years later, the couple discover the child's true parentage and are faced with the

the film has an average score of 60 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of ""B+"", on an A+ to F scale. The Light Between Oceans (film) The Light Between Oceans is a 2016 romantic period drama film written and directed by Derek Cianfrance and based on the 2012 novel of the same name by M. L. Stedman. An international co-production between the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, the film stars Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander, Rachel Weisz, Bryan Brown, and

"The Deep Blue Sea (2011 film)"
her husband gave her. Yet to return to a life without passion would be unbearable. The film takes its title from her dilemma of being caught between the Devil and the deep blue sea – two equally undesirable situations. Filming locations are all in London, England (UK). The Three Mills Studios was used, Three Mill Lane, Bow, London. The orchestral background music is taken from Samuel Barber's violin concerto written 1939. The film was released to strongly positive reviews from critics. At Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 80%, based on 130 reviews and an average rating of

moral dilemma of their actions. ""The Light Between Oceans"" had its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on September 1, 2016, where it competed for the Golden Lion. The film was released by Touchstone Pictures in North America on September 2, 2016, being the last DreamWorks Pictures film distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures through their 2011 output deal. The film was released in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016, by Entertainment One Films. It received mixed reviews and grossed $26 million worldwide. Tom Sherbourne, a traumatised and withdrawn hero of World War I, is

"Swept from the Sea"
and apologizes for wronging her, asks to be forgiven, and the two embrace. Amy declares, ""I will love him until the end of the world."" Dr. Kennedy concludes his story to Miss Swaffer saying, ""He came across the world to love and be loved by Amy Foster."" ""Swept from the Sea"" was filmed on location in Cornwall and West Yorkshire, England. The film received mixed reviews. In his review in the ""Chicago Sun-Times"", Roger Ebert gave the film two stars, calling it ""a disappointment, a film in which good and evil dutifully go through their paces, while the character who

"The Light Between Oceans"
The Light Between Oceans The Light Between Oceans is a 2012 Australian historical fiction novel by M. L. Stedman, her debut novel, published by Random House Australia on 20 March 2012. A film adaptation of the same name starring Alicia Vikander and Michael Fassbender was released on 2 September 2016. Tom Sherbourne returns home Australia after fighting in the Western Front trenches of World War I with the First Australian Imperial Force. He left physically unscathed and with several decorations, but he suffers from nightmares and survivor guilt and seeks a quiet, remote job. Tom becomes the lighthouse keeper for

"Alan Autry"
Alan Autry Carlos Alan Autry Jr. (also known for a period of time as Carlos Brown; born July 31, 1952), is an American actor, politician, and former National Football League player. During his brief football career, he was known as Carlos Brown. He played the role of Captain Bubba Skinner on the NBC television series, ""In the Heat of the Night"", starring Carroll O'Connor. He has also appeared in films and other television shows. In November 2000, he was elected mayor of Fresno, California, and served for two four-year terms through January 2009. In 2008, Autry was hosting a radio

County when Nathan McComb suffers a heart attack and is too ill to continue his duties. Bill's first case as Sheriff is to solve the murder of one of the richest families in Sparta—the Barons. Wade Hatton, played by Stacy Keach, is a lawyer from New Orleans who has returned to his native Sparta to revisit his childhood memories and romance Sarah Hallisey. The prime suspect in the case is a 16-year-old black youth, played by Wayne Brady with an intellectual disability. Gillespie eventually solves the case with the help of Hatton, Hallisey, and Judge Cully—much to the dissatisfaction of

Wilson Sweet (played by Geoffrey Thorne), fresh out of the Police Academy. The episode also introduced the first of several new recurring characters, including Doctor (or, ""Doc"") Robb, the county coroner (played by veteran actor Dan Biggers). ""The Creek"" saw the introduction of the first new police character and the second prominent Georgia performer to claim a regular role on the series, ""Officer Randy Goode"" (1988–1993) played by Randall Franks, who was cast following the show's move to Covington, Georgia. Plots in this season included a prominent citizen being murdered due to sexual abuse and incest in his family; Virgil's

"Jerry Leggio"
Jerry Leggio Jerry Leggio (born September 23, 1935) is an American actor of stage and screen. He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He has appeared in such films as ""Sounder"", ""Sister, Sister"", ""The Badge"" and ""American Violet"" and in two episodes of ""In the Heat of the Night"". He also appeared in two episodes of """" as Dr. Bonham and in the TV movies ""The Ernest Green Story"", ""Ruffian"" and ""Mothman"". He has had uncredited roles in the films ""Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte"" and ""Alvarez Kelly"". His stage roles include ""The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas"" (as Sheriff Dodd), ""A

"William James Royce"
William James Royce William James Royce is an American playwright/director, screenwriter, and novelist. Television William Royce began his television career writing for the NBC television series ""In the Heat of the Night"", starring Emmy Award winning actor Carroll O'Connor as Chief William O. Gillespie and Academy Award nominee Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs. Royce wrote 22 episodes while serving as Executive Story Editor, a position he inherited from writer Matt Harris (Carroll O'Connor). In 1991, Royce wrote the screenplay, as well as the music and lyrics, for the award winning episode entitled, ""Sweet, Sweet Blues"", inspired by the real

on the series was February 2, 1994. Meanwhile, the Sparta city council dismisses Gillespie. The council selects Hampton Forbes (Carl Weathers) to take Gillespie's place as police chief. Forbes is the town's first African American to serve in that position. Gillespie finds a new post of equivalent authority as county sheriff. The two senior police officials find that they get along in excellent fashion, in both professional and personal spheres. The show dealt with a variety of issues, including racism, police brutality, hate crimes, drug abuse, alcoholism, rape, AIDS, misogyny, incest, child abuse, anti-Semitism, prostitution, government corruption, domestic violence, gambling,

"Sweet, Sweet Blues"
Sweet, Sweet Blues ""Sweet, Sweet Blues"" is an award winning episode of the NBC drama series ""In the Heat of the Night"", starring Carroll O'Connor as Chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs.""In the Heat of the Night"" was based on the 1965 novel by John Ball, which was also the basis for the Academy Award winning film of the same name starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier, directed by Norman Jewison. Directed by Vincent McEveety (""Firecreek"") and written by William James Royce, the episode guest stars musician Bobby Short as bluesman Chester ""Cat"" Collins and actor

"When the Boat Comes In"
When the Boat Comes In When the Boat Comes In is a British television period drama produced by the BBC between 1976 and 1981. The series stars James Bolam as Jack Ford, a First World War veteran who returns to his poverty-stricken (fictional) town of Gallowshield in the North East of England. The series dramatises the political struggles of the 1920s and 1930s and explores the impact of national and international politics upon Ford and the people around him. The majority of episodes were written by creator James Mitchell, but in Series 1 north-eastern writers Tom Hadaway, Sid Chaplin and

music. The BBC revived the series in 1981, with the fourth series telling the story of Jack Ford as he returns to Britain penniless, after six years spent bootlegging in the United States, and follows him as he sets up in London. All four series are available on DVD in the UK. When the Boat Comes In When the Boat Comes In is a British television period drama produced by the BBC between 1976 and 1981. The series stars James Bolam as Jack Ford, a First World War veteran who returns to his poverty-stricken (fictional) town of Gallowshield in the

"John Nightingale (actor)"
John Nightingale (actor) John Nightingale (23 December 1942 – 31 March 1980) was a British actor, from Burnley, Lancashire Nightingale spent 5 years in the National Youth Theatre and, while still a student at Durham University, appeared on BBC television in a production of Julius Caesar, playing Titinius. He was best known for his role in the popular 1970s TV series ""When the Boat Comes In"". He played Tom Seaton, one of the two sons in the Seaton family at the centre of the series. He had other parts in British television, including Jack Reedy in ""The Stars Look Down"",

"Jean Heywood"
there you are, like Mrs. Alton, I produced favourites."" Jean Heywood Jean Heywood (born Jean Murray, 15 July 1921) is a British actress. Born in Blyth, Northumberland, Heywood has appeared in films such as ""Billy Elliot"" and ""Our Day Out"". Her TV work includes roles in ""When the Boat Comes In"", ""All Creatures Great and Small"", ""Boys from the Blackstuff"", ""Family Affairs"", ""The Bill"" and ""Casualty"". In 2005, she starred alongside Richard Briers and Kevin Whately in a drama called ""Dad"" on BBC One as part of Comic Relief's Elder Abuse campaign. In 2010 Heywood made a guest appearance in

"Madelaine Newton"
Madelaine Newton Madelaine Newton is a British actress best known for her portrayal of Dolly in 1970s BBC television drama ""When the Boat Comes In"". She is married to actor Kevin Whately, known for his role as Robert ""Robbie"" Lewis in both ""Inspector Morse"" and its spin-off ""Lewis"". They have two children. She starred alongside her husband in the ""Inspector Morse"" episode ""Masonic Mysteries"" as Beryl Newsome - the love-interest of Morse. She played Whately's on-screen wife in the 1988 Look and Read children's serial, Geordie Racer. She also made an appearance alongside her husband in the Alan Plater drama

""Joe Maddison's War"", playing Jenny Barlow, as well as playing the love interest of Dennis Patterson (Tim Healy) in the second series of ""Auf Wiedersehen, Pet"" alongside her real-life husband. Madelaine Newton Madelaine Newton is a British actress best known for her portrayal of Dolly in 1970s BBC television drama ""When the Boat Comes In"". She is married to actor Kevin Whately, known for his role as Robert ""Robbie"" Lewis in both ""Inspector Morse"" and its spin-off ""Lewis"". They have two children. She starred alongside her husband in the ""Inspector Morse"" episode ""Masonic Mysteries"" as Beryl Newsome - the love-interest

"Sabina Franklyn"
Sabina Franklyn Elizabeth Sabina Franklyn (born 15 September 1954) is an English actress, and the daughter of William Franklyn and Margo Johns. Franklyn attended the independent Queen's Gate School and acted on stage with repertory theatres before her television appearances. She appeared in the ITV sitcoms ""Keep It in the Family"" and ""Full House"" and was also in the final episode of ""Fawlty Towers"", as well as various episodes of ""When the Boat Comes In"", ""All Creatures Great and Small"", ""Terry and June"" and ""Boon"". She has also guest-starred in the ""Doctor Who"" audio dramas, ""Bang-Bang-a-Boom!"" and ""Situation Vacant"". In

Jean Heywood Jean Heywood (born Jean Murray, 15 July 1921) is a British actress. Born in Blyth, Northumberland, Heywood has appeared in films such as ""Billy Elliot"" and ""Our Day Out"". Her TV work includes roles in ""When the Boat Comes In"", ""All Creatures Great and Small"", ""Boys from the Blackstuff"", ""Family Affairs"", ""The Bill"" and ""Casualty"". In 2005, she starred alongside Richard Briers and Kevin Whately in a drama called ""Dad"" on BBC One as part of Comic Relief's Elder Abuse campaign. In 2010 Heywood made a guest appearance in the ITV series ""Married Single Other"". Heywood's parents divorced.

"Lois Baxter"
Steel: Cruel Immortality"", ""Circular Time"" and ""The Adolescence of Time"". Lois Baxter was born in Bridgwater, Somerset on 26 April 1947, the daughter of Dr John Baxter and Christine D. Baxter (née Arkens). The family later moved to Worthen in Shropshire where her father was a GP for many years. She attended Shrewsbury High School from 1951–1959 when she left for boarding school. Lois Baxter Lois Ann Baxter (born 26 April 1947) is a British actress, best known for playing Marie Stanton in ""Coronation Street"" from 1976 to 1977, and Lady Caroline in the period drama ""When the Boat Comes

"Michelle Newell"
Michelle Newell Michelle Newell (born 18 June 1951) is a British actress probably best known for her role in the BBC mini-series ""The Cleopatras"" and as Gill Gregory in ""Coronation Street"". Other television credits include ""When the Boat Comes In"" (as Mary Seaton), ""Brimstone and Treacle"" (as Pattie Bates), ""Return of the Saint"", ""Shoestring"" and ""The Professionals"". She has also appeared in various radio and theatrical roles, as well as the 1976 film version of ""The Likely Lads"" and the 1984 comedy film ""The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood"", and has published a novel called ""Still Falls the Rain"". She

the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a ""straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical"". In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (""The Perks of Being a Wallflower"") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley

"Cuba–United States relations"
in 1962, after U.S. reconnaissance aircraft photographed the Soviet construction of intermediate-range missile sites. The discovery led to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Trade relations also deteriorated in equal measure. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy broadened the partial trade restrictions imposed after the revolution by Eisenhower to a ban on all trade with Cuba, except for non-subsidized sale of foods and medicines. A year later travel and financial transactions by U.S. citizens with Cuba was prohibited. The United States embargo against Cuba was to continue in varying forms. Relations began to thaw during President Lyndon B. Johnson's tenure continuing through

Union for petroleum. In March 1960, tensions increased when the freighter ""La Coubre"" exploded in Havana Harbor, killing over 75 people. Fidel Castro blamed the United States and compared the incident to the sinking of the ""Maine"", though admitting he could provide no evidence for his accusation. That same month, President Eisenhower quietly authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to organize, train, and equip Cuban refugees as a guerrilla force to overthrow Castro. Each time the Cuban government nationalized American citizens properties, the American government took countermeasures, resulting in the prohibition of all exports to Cuba on 19 October 1960.

"United States embargo against Cuba"
assistance to Cuba. On September 7, 1962 President Kennedy formally expanded the Cuban embargo to include all Cuban trade, except for non-subsidized sale of food and medicines Following the Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962), Kennedy imposed travel restrictions on February 8, 1963, and the ""Cuban Assets Control Regulations"" were issued on July 8, 1963, again under the ""Trading with the Enemy Act"" in response to Cubans hosting Soviet nuclear weapons. Under these restrictions, Cuban assets in the U.S. were frozen and the existing restrictions were consolidated. The restrictions on U.S. citizens traveling to Cuba lapsed on March 19, 1977; the

"History of Cuba"
This law served as a pretext for seizing lands held by foreigners and for redistributing them to Cuban citizens. The United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba on 3 January 1961, and imposed a trade embargo on 3 February 1962. The Organization of American States, under pressure from the United States, suspended Cuba's membership in the body on 22 January 1962, and the U.S. government banned all U.S.–Cuban trade on 7 February. The Kennedy administration extended this ban on 8 February 1963, forbidding U.S. citizens to travel to Cuba or conduct financial or commercial transactions with the country. At first,

regulation was renewable every six months, but President Jimmy Carter did not renew it and the regulation on spending U.S. dollars in Cuba was lifted shortly afterwards. President Ronald Reagan reinstated the trade embargo on April 19, 1982, though it was now only restricted to business and tourist travel and did not apply to travel by U.S. government officials, employees of news or film making organizations, persons engaging in professional research, or persons visiting their close relatives. This has been modified subsequently with the present regulation, effective June 30, 2004, being the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. part 515.

United States embargo against Cuba The United States embargo against Cuba (in Cuba called el bloqueo, ""the blockade"") is a commercial, economic, and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba. The United States first imposed an embargo on the sale of arms to Cuba on March 14, 1958, during the Fulgencio Batista regime. Again on October 19, 1960 (almost two years after the Cuban Revolution had led to the deposition of the Batista regime) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. On

its last actions, to sever all diplomatic relations with Cuba, in January 1961. The U.S. partial trade embargo with Cuba was continued, under the ""Trading with the Enemy Act 1917"". After the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961, which had been largely planned under the Eisenhower administration, but which Kennedy had been informed of and approved during the months preceding his presidency and in his first few months as president, the Cuban government declared that it now considered itself Marxist and socialist, and aligned with the Soviet Union. On September 4, 1961, partly in response, Congress passed the ""Foreign

on July 29, 1975. Cuban relations with the Organization of American States have since improved, and as of June 3, 2009, membership suspension was lifted.) President John F. Kennedy extended measures by Executive order, first widening the scope of the trade restrictions on February 8, 1962 (announced on February 3 and again on March 23, 1962). These measures expanded the embargo to include all imports of products containing Cuban goods, even if the final products had been made or assembled outside Cuba. On August 3, 1962 the ""Foreign Assistance Act"" was amended to prohibit aid to any country that provides

could leave Cuba, in what became known as the Mariel boatlift. Approximately 125,000 people left Cuba for the United States. In 1977, Cuba and the United States signed a maritime boundary treaty in which the countries agreed on the location of their border in the Straits of Florida. The treaty was never sent to the United States Senate for ratification, but the agreement has been implemented by the U.S. State Department. In 1981 President Ronald Reagan's new administration announced a tightening of the embargo. The U.S. also re-established the travel ban, prohibiting U.S. citizens from spending money in Cuba. The

as ships docking at Cuban ports are not allowed to dock at U.S. ports for six months. It's important to note that this title includes waiver authority, so that the President might suspend its application. This waiver must be renewed every six months and traditionally it has been. In response to pressure from some American farmers and agribusiness, the embargo was relaxed by the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act, which was passed by the Congress in October 2000 and signed by President Bill Clinton. The relaxation allowed the sale of agricultural goods and medicine to Cuba for humanitarian

"Johann Heynlin"
Johann Heynlin Johann Heynlin, variously spelled ""Heynlein"", ""Henelyn"", ""Henlin"", ""Hélin"", ""Hemlin"", ""Hegelin"", ""Steinlin""; and translated as ""Jean à Lapide"", ""Jean La Pierre (Lapierre, de la Pierre)"", ""Johannes Lapideus"", ""Johannes Lapidanus"", ""Johannes de Lapide"" (c. 1425 – 12 March 1496) was a German-born scholar, humanist, and theologian who introduced the first printing press to Paris (and France in general) in the late fifteenth century. Born in Stein, near Pforzheim, in Baden-Württemberg, Heynlin may have been of Swabian origin. (From ""Stein"", meaning ""stone"" in German, are derived his translated Latinized surname ""Lapideus"" and Gallicized surnames ""La Pierre"" or ""à Lapide"".) On the

American colonies in 1638, but died on the voyage, so his widow, Elizabeth Harris Glover, established the printing house, which was run by Stephen Day and became The Cambridge Press. The Gutenberg press was much more efficient than manual copying. It remained largely unchanged in the eras of John Baskerville and Giambattista Bodoni, over 300 years later. By 1800, Lord Stanhope had constructed a press completely from cast iron, reducing the force required by 90% while doubling the size of the printed area. While Stanhope's ""mechanical theory"" had improved the efficiency of the press, it was only capable of 250

a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that official record exists; witnesses testimony discussed type, an inventory of metals (including lead) and his type mold. Others in Europe were developing movable type at this time, including goldsmith Procopius Waldfoghel of France and Laurens Janszoon Coster of the Netherlands. They are not known to have contributed specific advances to the printing press. While the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition had attributed the invention of the printing press to Coster, the company now states that is incorrect. Early printing houses (near the time of Gutenberg) were run by ""master printers."" These printers owned shops, selected

"Ronda Rousey"
Ronda Rousey Ronda Jean Rousey (; born February 1, 1987) is an American professional wrestler, actress, author, mixed martial artist and judoka. She is currently signed to WWE, performing on the Raw brand, where she is the current Raw Women's Champion in her first reign. Her longstanding nickname, ""Rowdy"", was inherited from late professional wrestler Roddy Piper. Rousey began her professional career as a mixed martial artist in 2010, after becoming the first American woman to earn an Olympic medal in judo, by winning bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics. After a string of successful bouts in both King of

Stevia
Food Safety Authority established an acceptable daily intake of 4 mg/kg/day of steviol, in the form of steviol glycosides. Meanwhile, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center warns that ""steviol at high dosages may have weak mutagenic activity,"" and a review ""conducted for"" the Center for Science in the Public Interest notes that there are no published carcinogenicity results for rebaudioside A (or stevioside). The plant may be grown legally in most countries, although some countries restrict its use as a sweetener. The legally allowed uses and maximum dosage of the extracts and derived products vary widely from country to country.

Stevia
aqueous extract of the leaves yielding purified steviosides developed as sweeteners. The first commercial stevia sweetener in Japan was produced by the Japanese firm Morita Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1971. The Japanese have been using stevia in food products and soft drinks, (including Coca Cola), and for table use. In 2006, Japan consumed more stevia than any other country, with stevia accounting for 40% of the sweetener market. In the mid-1980s, stevia became popular in U.S. natural foods and health food industries, as a noncaloric natural sweetener for teas and weight-loss blends. The makers of the synthetic sweetener NutraSweet

"Raw (WWE brand)"
to as ""undisputed"". Following this, the Women's Championship soon became a Raw exclusive as well. As a result of the brand extension, an annual ""draft lottery"" was instituted to exchange members of each roster and generally refresh the lineups. Raw was the home brand for many top WWE stars including Triple H, Ric Flair, Batista, Randy Orton, Chris Benoit, Goldberg, Chris Jericho, Christian, Shawn Michaels, Kane,Trish Stratus, Lita, Stacy Keibler. The 2005 draft was held on the June 6 episode of ""Raw"". The first draft lottery pick was then WWE Champion John Cena, thus moving the WWE Championship to Raw

Stevia
Stevia Stevia () is a sweetener and sugar substitute extracted from the leaves of the plant species ""Stevia rebaudiana"", native to Brazil and Paraguay. The active compounds are steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside), which have 30 to 150 times the sweetness of sugar, are heat-stable, pH-stable, and not fermentable. The body does not metabolize the glycosides in stevia and therefore it contains 0 calories like some artificial sweeteners. Stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, and some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations. The legal status

Stevia
called it ""ka'a he'ê"" (""sweet herb""). The leaves have been used traditionally for hundreds of years in both Brazil and Paraguay to sweeten local teas and medicines, and as a ""sweet treat"". The genus was named for Spanish botanist and physician Petrus Jacobus Stevus (Pedro Jaime Esteve 1500–1556), a professor of botany at the University of Valencia. In 1899, Swiss botanist Moisés Santiago Bertoni, while conducting research in eastern Paraguay, first described the plant and the sweet taste in detail. Only limited research was conducted on the topic until in 1931 two French chemists isolated the glycosides that give stevia

"WWE Raw Women's Championship"
Championship was subsequently renamed to reflect its exclusivity to Raw. When the title was introduced, it shared its name with the original Women's Championship. However, the new title does not share the same title history as the original, which was unified with the Divas Championship in 2010, with the combined title inheriting the latter's lineage and history. WWE acknowledges the original championship as its predecessor, and notes that the lineage of female champions dates back to The Fabulous Moolah's reign in 1956. When the championship was unveiled, there was no brand division as that had ended in August 2011. From

known simply as Charlotte, was the inaugural champion. As a result of the 2016 draft, the championship became exclusive to Raw with a subsequent rename and SmackDown created the SmackDown Women's Championship as a counterpart title. The championship was the first women's title to have been featured in the headlining match of a pay-per-view event, which was Hell in a Cell in 2016, which featured both male and female performers. It was then featured in the headlining match of the all-female event, Evolution in 2018. On April 3, 2016, WWE Hall of Famer Lita appeared during the WrestleMania 32 pre-show

WWE Raw Women's Championship The WWE Raw Women's Championship is a women's professional wrestling world championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the Raw brand. It is one of two women's championships for WWE's main roster, along with the SmackDown Women's Championship on the SmackDown brand. The current champion is Ronda Rousey, who is in her first reign. Introduced as the WWE Women's Championship on April 3, 2016 at WrestleMania 32, it replaced the Divas Championship and has a unique title history, separate from WWE's original Women's Championship and the Divas Championship. Charlotte Flair, then

"Jimmy John's"
Jimmy John's Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC is an American franchised sandwich restaurant chain, specializing in delivery. It was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983 and is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. In 35 years, the company has grown to more than 2,800 locations in all states except Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Jimmy John's has opened approximately 200 locations per year over the past three years. , 98% of the locations are franchise-owned. After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy (1982), his father gave him the choice to

Coulter mentored Liautaud and “taught [him] how to effectively run multiple units.” Liautaud continued opening more stores and developed a prototype before beginning franchising in 1994. Franchising continued until 2002 when Liautaud stopped selling franchises for one year to give support for stores that were struggling. The first franchise store opened in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In 2001, the hundredth Jimmy John's store opened in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. In 2007, the five-hundredth store opened in Seattle, Washington, and in 2010, the thousandth opened in Beaverton, Oregon. As of March 2017, Jimmy John's has almost 3,000 stores with plans for expansion up

"The Old Spaghetti Factory"
restaurant with seating inside. The U.S. restaurants are owned by OSF International, based in Portland, Oregon, while the Canadian restaurants are owned by The Old Spaghetti Factory Canada Ltd. The Canadian chain has 15 Old Spaghetti Factories in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario. The number of U.S. restaurants has fluctuated over the years. As of 1993, the U.S. chain had 30 restaurants in the United States and nine in Japan. In 2003, the U.S. company alone had 45 restaurants, in 14 states and Japan. The number of U.S. locations currently stands at 43, in Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Indiana,

join the military or start a business. Liautaud chose the latter, and his father lent him $25,000 to start a hot dog business, with the son owning 52% of the business, and his father owning 48%. He soon realized that a hot dog business would cost more than he had, so he decided to open a sandwich shop. On January 13, 1983, the first Jimmy John's opened in a garage in Charleston, Illinois. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer. The store

"Slim Jim (snack food)"
Slim Jim (snack food) Slim Jim is an American brand of jerky snacks or dried sausage sold globally and manufactured by ConAgra Brands. They are widely available and popular in the United States, with 2015 revenues of $575 million. About 500 million are produced annually in at least 21 varieties. The Slim Jim was first invented by Adolph Levis in 1929 in Philadelphia, although he and his partner subsequently hired a meatpacker to develop the product for production in the 1940s. He later sold the company in 1967 for about $20 million to General Mills, who moved the operations to

was able to realize a profit its first year of business, despite the poor location of the store, due to Jimmy John’s willingness to deliver his sandwiches to the nearby dorms at Eastern Illinois University, as well as his handing out free samples for marketing purposes. In April 1985, Liautaud bought out his father's interest in the business, becoming the sole owner. In 1986, he opened his second store in Macomb, Illinois, and in 1987, he opened a third in Champaign, Illinois. In 1988, Liautaud met Jamie Coulter, who would later become the CEO of Lone Star Steakhouse & Saloon.

"Jimmy's Restaurants"
Jimmy's Restaurants Jimmy’s Restaurants is a loosely linked chain of buffet restaurants in the United Kingdom, with other companies trading under a similar format as Jimmy’s World Grill & Bar, Jimmy’s World Kitchen, Jimmy Spices, Jimmy’s World and Jimmy’s Bar. The first Jimmy’s World Grill & Bar opened in 2003 and as of 2016 the chain operated restaurants at about 11 locations. In 2012 it launched its flagship restaurant in The O2, London. Each restaurant offers cuisines from multiple countries including Italy, China, India, Mexico, the US and the United Kingdom. The restaurants all offer ""live cooking stations"" where food

products include both tender steak strips and beef jerky. The tender steak strips come in three flavors. Its companion beef jerky comes in three flavors: an original flavor and two spicy flavors. Slim Jim (snack food) Slim Jim is an American brand of jerky snacks or dried sausage sold globally and manufactured by ConAgra Brands. They are widely available and popular in the United States, with 2015 revenues of $575 million. About 500 million are produced annually in at least 21 varieties. The Slim Jim was first invented by Adolph Levis in 1929 in Philadelphia, although he and his partner

"Frozen custard"
chains in the United States include Culver's, headquartered in Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, with outlets in 20 states; Freddy's Frozen Custard & Steakburgers, based in Wichita, Kansas, with more than 300 locations nationwide; Andy's Frozen Custard, based in Springfield, Missouri, with over 30 locations; Ted Drewes Frozen Custard in St. Louis, Rita’s in Southern California and Abbott's Frozen Custard, in Rochester, New York. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration requires products marketed as frozen custard to contain at least 10 percent milkfat and 1.4 percent egg yolk solids. If it has a smaller percentage of egg yolk solids,

"Carl's Jr."
of 2017, CKE (the parent company of Carl's Jr. and Hardee's) has a total of 3,665 franchised or company-operated restaurants in 44 states and 39 foreign countries and U.S. territories. This includes restaurants in Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Chile, China, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Japan, Mexico, Costa Rica, Canada, Colombia, Guatemala, Vietnam, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Russia, and Belarus. CKE conducts an annual Stars for Heroes in-store fundraising campaign at both Carl's Jr. and Hardee's to benefit U.S. military veterans and their families. Since the program's launch in 2011, Stars

24, Chrissie Fit was added to the cast. On May 1, Hailee Steinfeld was added to the cast, playing a new member of the Barden Bellas. On May 5, Adam DeVine was reported to return in the film. On May 14, Katey Sagal was added to the cast, playing Steinfeld's character's mother. On May 29, Flula Borg was added to the cast. He played the leader of a European a cappella group, Das Sound Machine, that competed with the Bellas. It was confirmed on June 18, 2014 that Christopher Shepard was added to the cast. It was confirmed on June

Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American musical comedy film directed and produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon. It is a sequel to the 2012 film ""Pitch Perfect"" and the second installment in the ""Pitch Perfect"" film series. The film centers on the fictional Barden University Bellas, an all-female a cappella singing group, who try to beat out the German national team in a world singing championship. The film features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Hailee Steinfeld, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and

In April 2013, it was confirmed that a sequel would be released in 2015. Elizabeth Banks directed the sequel, and Kay Cannon returned as screenwriter. Paul Brooks produced for Gold Circle Films with Banks and Max Handelman producing for Brownstone Productions. Deke Sharon returned as vocal producer, and has a brief cameo as a German reporter. As in the first movie, they ran a month of ""a cappella boot camp"" before filming. Anna Kendrick and Wilson returned to the cast early in 2014 to play the characters they originated in the first film. Brittany Snow reprised her character. On April

Clay Matthews, David Bakhtiari, Don Barclay, Josh Sitton and T.J. Lang play themselves in cameos. Also appearing as themselves are Snoop Dogg, Natalie Morales, Jake Tapper, Joe Scarborough, Mika Brzezinski, Jimmy Kimmel, Rosie O'Donnell, Rosie Perez, Nicolle Wallace, Jordan Rodgers, Christina Aguilera, Adam Levine, Blake Shelton and Pharrell Williams. Robin Roberts, C.J. Perry and Kether Donohue appear as Legacy Bellas during the finale. Additionally, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama and Shonda Rhimes briefly appear via archive footage. In December 2012, Skylar Astin revealed that he and Rebel Wilson have had meetings with Universal Studios about the potential sequel.

Shelley Regner, as well as Skylar Astin, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, John Michael Higgins, and Banks all reprising their roles. It was released in the United States on May 15, 2015 by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $287 million worldwide. It surpassed the total gross of the original film ($115.4 million) in five days, and also became the highest-grossing music comedy film of all-time, overtaking ""School of Rock"" ($131.3 million). A sequel, ""Pitch Perfect 3"", was released on December 22, 2017. Three years after winning the previous competition, the Barden Bellas are

would return for a third film, although she stated that she did not know if Anna Kendrick or any of the other cast members would also be reprising their roles. She added that she would be ""up for a Fat Amy spin-off,"" although nothing had yet been confirmed. Director, star, and producer Elizabeth Banks acknowledged the possibility of a third film, saying, ""I will say, it would be disingenuous to say that no one's talking about a ""Pitch Perfect 3""; the possibility of it. We are really focused on getting as many butts in seats for this one. If fans

August 4, 2017 before moving back to the July 21 slot. In May 2016 it was moved again, this time being pushed back to December 22, 2017. Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American musical comedy film directed and produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon. It is a sequel to the 2012 film ""Pitch Perfect"" and the second installment in the ""Pitch Perfect"" film series. The film centers on the fictional Barden University Bellas, an all-female a cappella singing group, who try to beat out the German national team in a world singing championship.

embrace it, we are going to seriously think about what the continuing journey would look like, but we don’t know what that is yet"". On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. Several days later it was announced both Kendrick and Wilson would reprise their roles, and later Brittany Snow was also confirmed to return. Banks returned to produce, but in June 2016 it was announced she would not be directing the film. The film was originally slated for a July 21, 2017 release, and was later pushed back to

Meninges
together are sometimes called the ""leptomeninges"", literally ""thin meninges"" ( leptos - thin). Acute meningococcal meningitis can lead to an exudate within the leptomeninges along the surface of the brain. Because the arachnoid is connected to the pia by cob-web like strands, it is structurally continuous with the pia, hence the name pia-arachnoid or leptomeninges. They are responsible for the production of beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D2 synthase) a major cerebrospinal fluid protein . The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and continues down the spinal

games of the tournament (not including the First Four games) With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is third, with six national titles, and Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) & Villanova are tied for 7th with three national titles. Since 1985,

Kentucky and Virginia have had a #1 Seed in each of the four regions Last updated through 2018 tournament.<br>* Vacated appearances excluded (see #1 seeds by year and region). ""For a list of all the cities and arenas that have hosted the Final Four, go to Host cities, below."" Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri hosted the Final Four nine times followed by the third Madison Square Garden in New York City which hosted seven times, and Louisville's Freedom Hall which hosted six times. Additionally, Indianapolis has hosted the Final Four seven times, across three venues. From 1997 to 2013,

tournament, three other teams have played the Final Four in their ""home cities"", one other team has played in its ""metropolitan area"", and six additional teams have played the Final Four in their ""home states"" through the 2015 tournament. Kentucky (1958 in Louisville), UCLA (1968 and 1972 in Los Angeles, 1975 in San Diego), and North Carolina State (1974 in Greensboro) won the national title; Louisville (1959 at its home arena, Freedom Hall); Purdue (1980 in Indianapolis) lost in the Final Four; and California (1960 in suburban San Francisco), Duke (1994 in Charlotte), Michigan State (2009 in Detroit), and Butler

when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, and Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. The NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament

winner): Rick Pitino is the only coach to have officially taken three different teams to the Final Four: Providence (1987), Kentucky (1993, 1996, 1997) and Louisville (2005). There are 12 coaches who have officially coached two different schools to the Final Four -- Roy Williams, Eddie Sutton, Frank McGuire, Lon Kruger, Hugh Durham, Jack Gardner, Lute Olson, Gene Bartow, Forddy Anderson, Lee Rose, Bob Huggins, and Lou Henson. Point differentials, or margin of victory, can be viewed either by the championship game, or by a team's performance over the whole tournament. 30 points, by UNLV in 1990 (103–73, over Duke)

Arena, then known as Continental Airlines Arena, in 1996. As of 2009, the minimum was increased to 70,000, by adding additional seating on the floor of the dome, and raising the court on a platform three feet above the dome's floor, which is usually crowned for football, like the setup at Ford Field in Detroit which hosted the 2009 Final Four. In September 2012, the NCAA began preliminary discussions on the possibility of returning occasional Final Fours to basketball-specific arenas in major metropolitan areas. According to ""ESPN.com"" writer Andy Katz, when Mark Lewis was hired as NCAA executive vice president

(Ivy), Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), Mid-American Conference (MAC), Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC), Missouri Valley Conference (MVC), Mountain West Conference (MW), Northeast Conference (NEC), Ohio Valley Conference (OVC), Patriot League (Patriot), Southern Conference (SoCon), Southland Conference (Southland), Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), Summit League (Summit), Sun Belt Conference (Sun Belt), West Coast Conference (WCC), and the Western Athletic Conference (WAC)—have experienced success in the tournament at various times. The last time, as of 2018, a mid-major team won the National Championship was 1990 when UNLV won with a 103-73 win over Duke, since UNLV was then a member of the Big

1985, there have been 4 instances of three No. 1 seeds reaching the Final Four; 13 instances of two No. 1 seeds making it; and 14 instances of just one No. 1 seed reaching the Final Four. There have been eight occasions (seven times since the field expanded to 64) that the championship game has been played between two No. 1 seeds: Since 1985 there have been 18 instances of one No. 1 seed reaching the Championship Game (No. 1 seeds are 13-5 against other seeds in the title game) and 8 instances where no No. 1 seed made it

Eight–rival Oklahoma. Similarly, in 2005, Illinois played in St. Louis, Missouri, where it enjoyed a noticeable homecourt advantage, yet still lost in the championship game to North Carolina. The NCAA had banned the Bon Secours Wellness Arena, originally known as Bi-Lo Center, and Colonial Life Arena, originally Colonial Center, in South Carolina from hosting tournament games, despite their sizes (16,000 and 18,000 seats, respectively) because of an NAACP protest at the Bi-Lo Center during the 2002 first and second round tournament games over that state's refusal to completely remove the Confederate Battle Flag from the state capitol grounds, although it

tournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences (which receive automatic bids), and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths. These ""at-large"" teams are chosen by an NCAA selection committee, then announced in a nationally televised event on the Sunday preceding the ""First Four"" play-in games, currently held in Dayton, Ohio, and dubbed ""Selection Sunday"". The 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination ""bracket"", which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is ""seeded"", or ranked, within its region from 1 to 16. After the First

mainland greece is a body of land with water on three sides called

Euboea
Euboea Euboea or Evia; , ""Evvoia"", ; , ""Eúboia"", ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow (only at its narrowest point) Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to . Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboea in the lofty islands of

Euboea
limited to the coastal valleys, and the barren south. The main mountains include Dirfi (), Pyxaria () in the northeast and Ochi (). The neighboring gulfs are the Pagasetic Gulf in the north, Malian Gulf, North Euboean Gulf in the west, the Euboic Sea and the Petalion Gulf. At the 2001 census the island had a population of 198,130, and a total land area of . The history of the island of Euboea is largely that of its two principal cities, Chalcis and Eretria, both mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships. Both cities were settled by Ionian Greeks from Attica,

Peloponnese
2016, Lonely Planet voted the Peloponnese the top spot of their Best in Europe list. The Peloponnese is a peninsula that covers an area of some and constitutes the southernmost part of mainland Greece. While technically it may be considered an island since the construction of the Corinth Canal in 1893, like other peninsulas that have been separated from their mainland by man-made bodies of waters, it is rarely, if ever, referred to as an ""island"". It has two land connections with the rest of Greece, a natural one at the Isthmus of Corinth, and an artificial one by the

Peloponnese The Peloponnese () or Peloponnesus (; , ""Peloponnisos"", ) is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece. It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. During the late Middle Ages and the Ottoman era, the peninsula was known as the Morea (), a name still in colloquial use in its demotic form (Μωριάς). The peninsula is divided among three administrative regions: most belongs to the Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica regions. In

Greece
Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a large number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at . The country consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation, being the birthplace

Greece
with ; its land boundary is . The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being: Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak , the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of at Mt. Smolikas (the

Greece
devalue its currency to regain competitiveness. Youth unemployment was especially high during the 2000s. The Greek government-debt crisis, and subsequent austerity policies, have resulted in protests. Located in Southern Europe, Greece is a transcontinental country that consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world

"Geography of Greece"
Geography of Greece Greece is a country in Southern Europe, bordered to the north by Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan Seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy. The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by

air pollution and water pollution. Geography of Greece Greece is a country in Southern Europe, bordered to the north by Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan Seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy. The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is

Euboea
to Euboea Prefecture which also includes two municipalities on the mainland, Anthidona and Avlida, as well as the island municipality of Skyros. At the 2001 census the prefecture had a population of 215,136 inhabitants, whereas the island itself had a population of 198,130. The prefecture's land area is 4, whereas the total land area of the municipalities actually on the island is 3, which includes that of numerous small offshore islets (Petalioi) near Euboea's southeastern tip. Euboea Euboea or Evia; , ""Evvoia"", ; , ""Eúboia"", ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow (only

"Law of the United Kingdom"
for both criminal and civil appeal cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, and often has persuasive effect in its other jurisdictions. On appeal, a court may overrule the decisions of its inferior courts, such as county courts (civil) and magistrates' courts (criminal). The High Court may also quash on judicial review both administrative decisions of the Government and delegated legislation. The ultimate body of appeal for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales (and Northern Ireland, and for all civil cases in

local viceroy. Most powers are irrevocably delegated to a parliament more or less modeled on the Westminster system. Crimes in Commonwealth realms are prosecuted in the name of the crown, and the crown remains the notional arbiter of disputes. In some realms appeals may be directed to the monarch as a last resort. Adjudication of these appeals is delegated to Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which draws judges from the UK and across the Commonwealth. In other realms, a domestic court has been made the highest court of appeal. (See for full list.) The ""Imperial"" Privy Council based in

Law of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area. English law (and Welsh law) applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system because it was created by the political union of previously independent countries. Article 19 of the Treaty of Union, put into effect by

Scotland, as they deal with both criminal and civil caseloads. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the British overseas territories, and the British Crown dependencies. There are also immigration courts with UK-wide jurisdiction — the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal and Special Immigration Appeals Commission. The Employment tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal have jurisdiction throughout Great Britain, but not Northern Ireland. European Union law is actively transposed into the UK legal systems under the UK parliament's law-making power, in fulfillment of its EU treaty obligations, not inherently by

for all civil cases in Scots law. The Supreme Court came into being in October 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords. In England and Wales, the court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Courts of Northern Ireland follow the same pattern. In Scotland the chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases, and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases. Sheriff courts have no equivalent outside

the Acts of Union in 1707, created the Kingdom of Great Britain, but guaranteed the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system. The Acts of Union of 1800, which combined Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, contained no equivalent provisions but preserved the principle of separate courts to be held in Ireland, of which the part called Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court in the land for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, and

"Courts of the United Kingdom"
Courts of the United Kingdom The Courts of the United Kingdom are separated into three separate jurisdictions, the Courts of England and Wales, Courts of Scotland and the Courts of Northern Ireland, as the United Kingdom does not have a single unified judicial system. However, in the area of immigration law, the respective jurisdictions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal and the Special Immigration Appeals Commission cover all of the United Kingdom; in employment law, Employment tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal have jurisdiction in the whole of Great Britain (i.e., not in Northern Ireland). The Constitutional Reform Act 2005

"United Kingdom administrative law"
United Kingdom administrative law United Kingdom administrative law is a branch of UK public law concerned with the composition, procedures, powers, duties, rights and liabilities of public bodies that administer public policies. The general principle is that a public official, or an ""administrator must act fairly, reasonably and according to the law. That is the essence and the rest is mainly machinery."" The tribunal system of the United Kingdom is part the national system of administrative justice with tribunals classed as non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs) of judges. In the United Kingdom a post of Ombudsman is attached to the Westminster

"Courts of England and Wales"
Courts of England and Wales The Courts of England and Wales, supported administratively by Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales. The United Kingdom does not have a single unified legal system—England and Wales has one system, Scotland another, and Northern Ireland a third. There are exceptions to this rule; for example in immigration law, the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal's jurisdiction covers the whole of the United Kingdom, while in employment law there is a single system of employment tribunals for England, Wales, and Scotland

UK Parliament's power to interfere with devolution in Northern Ireland are even greater than in relation to Scotland and Wales, given that devolution in Northern Ireland rests upon an international agreement with the Government of Ireland. The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system as Article 19 of the 1706 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Scotland's separate legal system. Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. A new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom came into being in October 2009 to replace the Appellate Committee

"The Last Judgment (Fra Angelico, Florence)"
The Last Judgment (Fra Angelico, Florence) The Last Judgment (tempera on panel) is a painting by the Renaissance artist Fra Angelico. It was commissioned by the Camaldolese Order for the newly elected abbot, the humanist scholar Ambrogio Traversari. It is variously dated to c1425, 1425–30 and 1431. It was originally sited in the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli and now is in the museum of San Marco, Florence. It is not to be confused with another Fra Angelico ""Last Judgement"" in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. Like most of Fra Angelico's work, the iconography is standard for the contemporary treatments of

"Last Supper (Tintoretto)"
Last Supper (Tintoretto) The Last Supper is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto. An oil painting on canvas executed in 1592–94, it is housed in the Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice, northern Italy. Tintoretto depicted the Last Supper several times during his artistic career. His earlier paintings for the Chiesa di San Marcuola (1547) and for the Chiesa di San Felice (1559) depict the scene from a frontal perspective, with the figures seated at a table placed parallel to the picture plane. This follows a convention observed in most paintings of the Last Supper, of

"Last Supper (Perugino)"
Last Supper (Perugino) The Last Supper (1493–1496) is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino, located in the refectory, now museum, of the former Convent of Fuligno located on Via Faenza #42 in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. The fresco depicts Jesus and the Apostles during the Last Supper, with Judas sitting separately on the near side of the table, as is common in depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art. It is considered one of Perugino's best works. As in some other cases, Perugino reused the details of the delicate figures here in other works, drawing

be finally judged. On Christ's left demons drive the damned into Hell, where the wicked are tormented. At the very bottom Satan chews on three of the damned, and grasps two others. The Last Judgment (Fra Angelico, Florence) The Last Judgment (tempera on panel) is a painting by the Renaissance artist Fra Angelico. It was commissioned by the Camaldolese Order for the newly elected abbot, the humanist scholar Ambrogio Traversari. It is variously dated to c1425, 1425–30 and 1431. It was originally sited in the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli and now is in the museum of San Marco,

"The Last Judgment (Bosch triptych, Bruges)"
torture the men, punishments including burning, eating impure food (the gluttonous) etc., all inspired by Netherlandish Proverbs. The infernal city at right is under siege by demons, while a fire is visible in the far background. <BR> The Last Judgment (Bosch triptych, Bruges) The Last Judgment is a triptych of disputed authorship, either by Hieronymus Bosch, his workshop, or a collaboration between artist and workshop. It was created after 1486. The triptych currently resides at the Groeningemuseum in Bruges, Belgium. The outside of the shutters are painted in grisaille, while the inside shutters and center are oil on panel. The

"Last Supper (Rubens)"
Last Supper (Rubens) The Last Supper (1630–1631) is an oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens. It was commissioned by Catherine Lescuyer as a commemorative piece for her father. Rubens created it as part of an altarpiece in the Church of St. Rombout (Rumbold) in Mechelen. The painting depicts Jesus and the Apostles during the Last Supper, with Judas dressed in blue turning back towards the viewer and away from the table. Other than Jesus, the most prominent figure is Judas. Judas holds his right hand to his mouth with his eyes avoiding direct contact with the other figures in the

longer visible on the original. The Roman mosaic artist Giacomo Raffaelli made another life-sized copy (1809–1814) in the Viennese Minoritenkirche. In 1955, Salvador Dalí painted ""The Sacrament of the Last Supper"", with Jesus portrayed as blond and clean shaven, pointing upward to a spectral torso while the apostles are gathered around the table heads bowed so that none may be identified. It is reputed to be one of the most popular paintings in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. In 1986, Andy Warhol was commissioned to produce a series of paintings based on ""The Last

Jesus' aureola. A host of angels hover above the scene. Tintoretto's ""Last Supper"" makes use of Mannerist devices, notably its complex and radically asymmetrical composition. In its dynamism and emphasis on the quotidian—the setting is similar to a Venetian inn—the painting points the way to the Baroque. ""The ability of this dramatic scene to engage viewers was well in keeping with Counter-Reformation ideals and the Catholic Church's belief in the didactic nature of religious art."" Last Supper (Tintoretto) The Last Supper is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto. An oil painting on canvas executed in 1592–94, it

"Zaraysk Kremlin"
a few decades earlier. It's 2.4 hectare footprint is smaller than that of the other surviving medieval kremlins, however. It is positioned high on the eastern river bank opposite the confluence of the Osyotr (""Sturgeon"") and Oka Rivers. When it was built it was intended purely as a defensive outpost of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, to guard in particular against the frequent attacks from the Tartars. It was one of several strongholds along the course of the Oka which together comprised what came to be known as the Great Abatis Line. One source identifies the architect of the kremlin

"Moscow Kremlin"
Slavs occupied the south-western portion of Borovitsky Hill as early as the 11th century, as evidenced by a metropolitan seal from the 1090s which was unearthed by Soviet archaeologists in the area. Vyatichi built a fortified structure (or ""grad"") on the hill where the Neglinnaya River flowed into the Moskva River. Up to the 14th century, the site was known as the 'grad of Moscow'. The word ""Kremlin"" was first recorded in 1331 (though etymologist Max Vasmer mentions an earlier appearance in 1320). The grad was greatly extended by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy in 1156, destroyed by the Mongols in 1237

Zaraysk Kremlin The Zaraysk Kremlin is a rectangular fortified citadel, built on the orders of the Grand Prince Vasili III, originally constructed between 1528 and 1531, and located in the European part of Russia. It forms the historic centre of the industrial town of Zaraysk, roughly 160 km (100 miles) to the south-east of Moscow. Around 1503, Zaraysk became part of Moscow when Principality of Ryazan lost its independence and was merged into Muscovy. Till this point, Ryazan had provided a protective buffer for Muscovy against potential attack from Tatars in the south. Just two years after completion in 1531,

bear a dedication in Latin praising Petrus Antonius Solarius for the design. After construction of the new kremlin walls and churches was complete, the monarch decreed that no structures should be built in the immediate vicinity of the citadel. The Kremlin was separated from the walled merchant town (Kitay-gorod) by a 30-meter-wide moat, over which Saint Basil's Cathedral was constructed during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The same tsar also renovated some of his grandfather's palaces, added a new palace and cathedral for his sons, and endowed the Trinity metochion inside the Kremlin. The metochion was administrated by the

palace of Patriarch Nikon were built. Following the death of Alexis's son, Feodor, and the Moscow Uprising of 1682, Tsar Peter escaped with much difficulty from the Kremlin and as a result developed a dislike for it. Three decades later, Peter abandoned the residence of his forefathers for his new capital, Saint Petersburg. Although still used for coronation ceremonies, the Kremlin was abandoned and neglected until 1773, when Catherine the Great engaged Vasili Bazhenov to build her new residence there. Bazhenov produced a bombastic Neoclassical design on a heroic scale, which involved the demolition of several churches and palaces, as

were renovated in a fanciful neo-Gothic style, but many others having been condemned as ""disused"" or ""dilapidated"", including all the buildings of the Trinity metochion, and were torn down. On visiting Moscow for his coronation festivities, Czar Nicholas I was not satisfied with the Grand Palace (alias Winter Palace), which had been erected in the 1750s to the design of Francesco Rastrelli. The elaborate Baroque structure was demolished, as was the nearby church of St. John the Precursor, built by Aloisio the New in 1508 in place of the first church constructed in Moscow. The architect Konstantin Thon was commissioned

"Novgorod Kremlin"
one of the easternmost examples of Brick Gothic. In 1437, part of Vasily's walls collapsed into the Volkhov River and were rebuilt by Evfimy II, too. The current fortress was built between 1484 and 1490 by Muscovite builders in the wake of Grand Prince Ivan III's conquest of the city in 1478; a third of it was paid for by the Novgorodian archbishop Gennady, a Muscovite appointee (1484–1504). It is a large oval 545 metres long and 240 metres wide with nine surviving towers (three additional towers have not survived). The tallest tower, the Kokui tower, is capped by a

"Kremlin Arsenal"
deep, white limestone frames. Two entrances to the patio on the south and east facades have arched porticos with baroque ornaments. In the Middle Ages, the spot was occupied by granaries. After they burnt down in the last years of the 17th century, Peter the Great engaged a team of Russian and German architects to construct the Kremlin Arsenal, designed to be one of the largest buildings in Moscow at the time. Construction started in 1702, but was interrupted due to lack of funds during the Great Northern War with Sweden, and was only completed in 1736, under supervision of

"Smolensk Kremlin"
from the west over centuries. Smolensk historically had a great significance for the defence of Russia, and this is why Russian rulers paid considerable attention to its fortifications. In the spring of 1554, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered to build a new tall wooden fortress. After the development of artillery, it became clear that a wooden fortress was no longer suitable for the defense, and at the end of the 16th century, it was decided to build a new stone fortress at the place of the old one. In December 1595, the preparations for the construction started after the official

Trinity Monastery and contained the graceful tower church of St. Sergius, which was described by foreigners as one of the finest in the country. During the Time of Troubles, the Kremlin was held by the Polish forces for two years, between 21 September 1610 and 26 October 1612. The Kremlin's liberation by the volunteer army of prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin paved the way for the election of Mikhail Romanov as the new tsar. During his reign and that of his son Alexis and grandson Feodor, the eleven-domed Upper Saviour Cathedral, Armorial Gate, Terem Palace, Amusement Palace and the

"Total Drama"
that of ""Survivor"". ""Total Drama"" was met with critical acclaim upon release and has developed a cult following. The ""Total Drama"" series is the original series of the greater ""Total Drama"" franchise, which consists of five seasons that have aired during a timeframe of seven years: the first season, ""Total Drama Island"", the second season, ""Total Drama Action"", the third season, ""Total Drama World Tour"", the fourth season, """", and the fifth season, titled as both ""Total Drama All-Stars"" and ""Total Drama: Pahkitew Island"". The latest installment premiered on July 7, 2014, in the United States and September 4, 2014,

in Canada. A spin-off series based on the main series, """", was produced shortly after the fifth season was aired. A spin-off series in an alternative universe, titled ""Total DramaRama"" was released on September 1, 2018 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. and on October 7, 2018 on Teletoon in Canada. A month after the American debut of ""Total DramaRama"", McGillis confirmed there would be no more new seasons of ""Total Drama"", citing the lack of a ""market for this experience in the wider entertainment marketplace"" as the main reason for the cancellation of the series. The name of each

The air dates listed in the table are from the original Canadian airings. Source for season list: Originally, co-creator Tom McGillis had stated that his personal goal was for ""Total Drama"" to go up to ten seasons. Alex Ganetakos, the executive story editor and the senior writer for the series, also mentioned that the production team planned to make more seasons in the future. However, in a Reddit Q&A on September 25, 2018, when asked if there would be additional seasons, Tom McGillis responded with ""Nope. Sorry to be a dreamkiller, but there's no market for this experience in the

was later renamed ""Total DramaRama"". It was released in September 2018 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. and October 2018 on Teletoon in Canada. The new series will have 52 episodes and for the first time in the franchise, the episodes will have a new runtime with a shorter length of eleven minutes. It is set to feature some of the original characters from ""Total Drama Island"" as toddlers such as Beth, Bridgette, Cody, Courtney, Duncan, Gwen, Harold, Izzy, Leshawna, Noah and Owen as well as Jude Lizowski from ""6teen"". Chef Hatchet will also return as a younger adult. The

on Metacritic based on 14 reviews. The third season, ""Total Drama World Tour"", has also received critical acclaim from critics and won multiple awards including ""Best Animated Series"", ""Best Voice Actress"" (for Annick Obonsawin), and was also nominated for several other awards; however, the criticisms included the overuse of the love triangle between Courtney, Duncan, and Gwen, as well as the destruction of the character Ezekiel. ""Total Drama: Revenge of the Island"" received mixed to positive reviews, airing in over 100 countries and holding a 6.7 on Metacritic based on 15 reviews, thus indicating ""Generally favorable reviews."" ""Total Drama All-Stars""

"Total DramaRama"
Total DramaRama Total DramaRama (originally titled ""Total Daycare Drama"" or ""Total Drama Daycare"") is a Canadian animated comedy series. It is a crossover spin-off set in an alternate universe of ""Total Drama"" and ""6teen"" and is the second spin-off of ""Total Drama"", after """". Confirmed by Jennifer Pertsch, the series is created by Fresh TV Inc., in association with Corus Kids, and distributed by Cake Entertainment. It premiered on September 1, 2018 on Cartoon Network in the United States, and on Teletoon in Canada on October 7, 2018. The series re-introduces some of the original ""Total Drama"" characters in an

alternate universe where they are aged down from teenagers to toddlers, being taken care by Chef Hatchet. It features dream sequences, cutaways, visual jokes, confessionals and flashbacks. In addition, Nikki, another character from ""6teen"" has made a non-speaking cameo in ""Duck Duck Juice"". Also, Megan Fahlenbock reprises her role as Gwen in ""Tiger Fail"". The show was under production as of December 19, 2017. It first aired in the U.S. on Cartoon Network on September 1, 2018. Jennifer Pertsch revealed in an interview with TV Kids that Fresh took ""11 favorites from the original cast and aged them down to

"Total Divas (season 3)"
third season of ""Total Divas"" will premiere on September 7, 2014, with Rosa Mendes joining the cast. Unlike other WWE programs, most of the performers use their real names instead of their ring names, leading to Cameron, Naomi, Natalya, Jimmy Uso, and Tyson Kidd being referred to as Ariane, Trinity, Nattie, Jon, and TJ respectively. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Total Divas (season 3) ""Total Divas"" is an American reality television series that premiered on July 28, 2013, on E!. The series gives viewers an inside look of the lives of WWE Divas from their work within WWE to their personal lives. Behind

series began production in early 2017, and Christian Potenza is confirmed to still have a role for the prequel. These are other Canadian animated TV series that are also produced by Fresh TV: https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-reveals-its-outstanding-roster-of-new-and-returning-canadian-original-programming-for-2018-2019/ Total Drama Total Drama is a Canadian animated comedy television series which is a homage and parody to common conventions from reality television. The show and its sequel seasons are collectively referred to as the ""Total Drama"" series. It premiered on the Canadian cable television specialty channel Teletoon on July 8, 2007, and on the American cable television channel Cartoon Network on June 5, 2008. All

""Camp TV"" when the series first started production in 2006. Camp TV Productions is still labeled in the end credits of every episode, along with the season number in Roman numerals. Series production stopped in 2014 as no new seasons were produced since. Instead, starting in 2015 the studio has focused the franchise more on producing separate spin-off series, with their respective voice actors being reused in the new spin-offs. On May 3, 2017, it was announced that ""Total Drama"" would be making a return. It was later revealed that it would be returning as a new series titled ""Total

the probability of making a type i error when retaining ho at the .05 level of significance is

"Performance status"
The primary purpose of its development was to allow physicians to evaluate a patient's ability to survive chemotherapy for cancer. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score (published by Oken ""et al."" in 1982), also called the WHO or Zubrod score (after C. Gordon Zubrod), runs from 0 to 5, with 0 denoting perfect health and 5 death: Its advantage over the Karnofsky scale lies in its simplicity. Children, who might have more trouble expressing their experienced quality of life, require a somewhat more observational scoring system suggested and validated by Lansky ""et al."" in 1987: A translation between the

"Statistical significance"
claim of a scientific finding (or implied truth) leads to considerable distortion of the scientific process"". In 2017, a group of 72 authors proposed to enhance reproducibility by changing the ""p""-value threshold for statistical significance from 0.05 to 0.005. Other researchers responded that imposing a more stringent significance threshold would aggravate problems such as data dredging; alternative propositions are thus to select and justify flexible ""p""-value thresholds before collecting data, or to interpret ""p""-values as continuous indices, thereby discarding thresholds and statistical significance. Additionally, the change to 0.005 would increase the likelihood of false negatives, whereby the effect being studied

"Type I and type II errors"
given that it is true. It is denoted by the Greek letter α (alpha) and is also called the alpha level. Often, the significance level is set to 0.05 (5%), implying that it is acceptable to have a 5% probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. A type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but erroneously fails to be rejected. It is failing to assert what is present, a miss. A type II error may be compared with a so-called false negative (where an actual 'hit' was disregarded by the test and seen as a 'miss') in

"Minimal important difference"
Minimal important difference The minimal important difference (MID) or minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is the smallest change in a treatment outcome that an individual patient would identify as important and which would indicate a change in the patient's management. Over the years great steps have been taken in reporting what really matters in clinical research. A clinical researcher might report: ""in my own experience treatment X does not do well for condition Y"". The use of a P value cut-off point of 0.05 was introduced by R.A. Fisher; this led to study results being described as either statistically significant

Ignorability
""back-door"", that entails ignorability and identifies sets of covariates that achieve this condition. Ignorability (better called exogeneity) simply means we can ignore how one ended up in one vs. the other group (‘treated’ Tx = 1, or ‘control’ Tx = 0) when it comes to the potential outcome (say Y). It was also called unconfoundedness, selection on the observables, or no omitted variable bias. Formally it has been written as [Y1, Y0] ⊥ Tx, or in words the potential Y outcome of person i had s/he been treated or not does not depend on whether s/he has really been (observable)

Outlier
value of ""δ"" is removed if it is an outlier). Meaning, if a data point is found to be an outlier, it is removed from the data set and the test is applied again with a new average and rejection region. This process is continued until no outliers remain in a data set. Some work has also examined outliers for nominal (or categorical) data. In the context of a set of examples (or instances) in a data set, instance hardness measures the probability that an instance will be misclassified ( formula_12 where is the assigned class label and represent the

in twenty (0.05) as a convenient cutoff level to reject the null hypothesis. In a 1933 paper, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson called this cutoff the ""significance level"", which they named α. They recommended that α be set ahead of time, prior to any data collection. Despite his initial suggestion of 0.05 as a significance level, Fisher did not intend this cutoff value to be fixed. In his 1956 publication ""Statistical methods and scientific inference,"" he recommended that significance levels be set according to specific circumstances. The significance level α is the threshold for ""p"" below which the experimenter assumes

"Pratfall effect"
Pratfall effect In social psychology, the pratfall effect is the tendency for interpersonal appeal to increase or decrease after an individual makes a mistake, depending on the individual's perceived ability to perform well in a general sense. An individual perceived to be highly competent would be considered, on average, more likable after committing a blunder, while the opposite would occur if a person perceived as average made a mistake. Originally described in 1966 by Elliot Aronson, numerous studies have since been conducted to isolate the effects of gender, self-esteem, and severity of the blunder on change in appeal or likability.

"Global precedence"
(OCPD) subjects are prone to be distracted by the local aspects of stimuli when asked to identify global aspects of figures such as the Navon figure. This is likely because individuals with OCPD characteristically have sharp, detail-oriented attentions, and tend to focus more on specifics rather than the larger context. There are correlations between global or local performance on a task and the abilities to identify emotion and canine age for autistic children. In both cases, global responses correlate to better identification. In general, autistic children demonstrate much weaker global precedence than those without the disorder. Within the group of

N100
may decrease. This effect has been linked to intelligence, as the N100 attenuation for self-controlled stimuli occurs the most strongly (i.e., the N100 shrinks the most) in individuals who are also evaluated as having high intelligence. Indeed, researchers have found that in those with Down syndrome ""the amplitude of the self-evoked response actually exceeded that of the machine-evoked potential"". Being warned about an upcoming stimulus also reduces its N100. The amplitude of N100 shows refractoriness upon repetition of a stimulus; in other words, it decreases at first upon repeated presentations of the stimulus, but after a short period of silence

"Don Shula"
investment banker Jackson Stephens. Shula has been deeply religious throughout his life. He said in 1974, at the peak of his coaching career, that he attended mass every morning. Shula once considered becoming a Catholic priest, but decided he could not commit to being both priest and coach. Shula set numerous records in his 33 seasons as a head coach. He is the all-time leader in victories with 347. He is first in most games coached (526), most consecutive seasons coached (33), and Super Bowl losses (four, tied with Bud Grant, Dan Reeves, and Marv Levy). His teams won seven

(1995) , and ""The Little Black Book of Coaching: Motivating People to be Winners"" (2001); , both with Kendra Blanchard. Don Shula Donald Francis Shula (born January 4, 1930) is a former professional American football coach and player who is best known as the head coach of the Miami Dolphins, the team he led to two Super Bowl victories, and to the only perfect season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). He was previously the head coach of the Baltimore Colts, with whom he won the 1968 NFL Championship. Shula was drafted out of John Carroll University

"Frank Broyles"
was placed on probation by the NCAA. Over thirty of his former players have also become college or professional football coaches. Broyles is known for producing high quality coaches and the prestigious ""Broyles Award"", the annual award for best assistant coach, is named after him. Barry Switzer, Johnny Majors, Joe Gibbs, Hayden Fry, and Jimmy Johnson all served under Broyles and have combined to win five collegiate national championships and six Super Bowls. Broyles' assistants have won more than 40 conference titles. Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones played on Broyles' 1964 Championship team. Broyles' tenure as men's athletic director has

"Joe Paterno"
""witch hunt"" and chided reporters for asking about problems. The Pennsylvania State Employees' Retirement System (SERS) revealed Paterno's salary in November 2007: $512,664. He was paid $490,638 in 2006. ""I'm paid well, I'm not overpaid,"" Paterno said during an interview with reporters Wednesday before the salary disclosure. ""I got all the money I need"". Paterno was known for his gameday image—thick glasses, rolled-up dress slacks (by his admission, to save on cleaning bills), white socks and Brooklyn-tinged speech. Joe Paterno holds an official NCAA total of 18 bowl victories. He holds the NCAA record for total bowl appearances with 37.

"Joe Gibbs"
pregame show. In 1996, Gibbs was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was one of the winningest coaches in NFL history, at that time having a record of 124 wins and 60 losses, and a post-season record of 16 wins and five losses. His combined winning percentage of .683 was third all-time (behind Vince Lombardi and John Madden). In his 12 seasons, the Redskins won 4 NFC East titles, reached the playoffs 8 times, and finished with a losing record only one season (7–9 in 1988). Gibbs is also the only NFL coach to ever win three

"Vince Lombardi"
Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971, the year after his death. Lombardi is considered by many to be the greatest coach in football history, and he is more significantly recognized as one of the greatest coaches and leaders in the history of any American sport. Lombardi began his coaching career as an assistant and later as a head coach at St. Cecilia High School in Englewood, New Jersey. He was an assistant coach at Fordham, at the United States Military Academy, and with the New York Giants before becoming a head coach for the Green Bay Packers from 1959

Rashidun
Rashidun The Rashidun"" Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; '), often simply called, collectively, """"'the ""Rashidun"", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammadﷺ, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate. The concept of ""Rightly Guided Caliphs"" originated with the later Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad. It is a reference to the Sunni imperative ""Hold firmly to my example (""sunnah"") and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs"" (Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood). The first four

"Rashidun Caliphate"
Rashidun Caliphate The Rashidun Caliphate (, '; 632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (AH 11). These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the ""Rashidun"", or ""Rightly Guided"" caliphs ( '). This term is not used in Shia Islam as Shia Muslims do not consider the rule of the first three caliphs as legitimate. The Rashidun Caliphate is characterized by a twenty-five year period of rapid military expansion, followed

"Abbasid Caliphate"
Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate ( or , """") was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the

and never claimed such a title; nor did any of his three successors. Rather, their election and leadership were based upon merit. Notably, according to Sunnis, all four Rashidun Caliphs were connected to Muhammad through marriage, were early converts to Islam, were among ten who were explicitly promised paradise, were his closest companions by association and support and were often highly praised by Muhammad and delegated roles of leadership within the nascent Muslim community. According to Sunni Muslims, the term Rashidun Caliphate is derived from a famous hadith of Muhammad, where he foretold that the caliphate after him would last

Caliphate
were chosen through ""shura, ""a process of community consultation that some consider to be an early form of Islamic democracy. The fourth caliph, Ali, who, unlike the prior three, was from the same clan as Muhammad (Banu Hashim), is considered by Shia Muslims to be the first rightful caliph and Imam after Muhammad. Ali reigned during the First Fitna (656–661), a civil war between supporters of Ali and supporters of the assassinated previous caliph, Uthman, from Banu Umayya, as well as rebels in Egypt; the war led to the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate under Muawiyah I in 661. The

Caliphate
agreed that a Caliph must be a descendant of the Quraysh. Al-Baqillani has said that the leader of the Muslims simply should be from the majority. Following the death of Muhammad, a meeting took place at Saqifah. At that meeting, Abu Bakr was elected caliph by the Muslim community. Sunni Muslims developed the belief that the caliph is a temporal political ruler, appointed to rule within the bounds of Islamic law (Sharia). The job of adjudicating orthodoxy and Islamic law was left to mujtahids, legal specialists collectively called the Ulama. Many Muslims call the first four caliphs the Rashidun, meaning

for their integrity and learning in Islamic law. High salaries were fixed for the Qadis so that there was no temptation to bribery. Wealthy men and men of high social status were appointed as Qadis so that they might not have the temptation to take bribes, or be influenced by the social position of any body. The Qadis were not allowed to engage in trade. Judges were appointed in sufficient number, and there was no district which did not have a Qadi. The four Rashidun caliphs were chosen through ""shura"" (), a process of community consultation has been described as

"Umayyad Caliphate"
or elaboration of Islamic law."" The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (""mulk"", a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (""khilafa""). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as ""khalifat rasul Allah"" (""successor of the messenger of God"", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as ""khalifat Allah"" (""deputy of God""). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads ""regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need

is symbolic of the seven provinces of the lands dominated by the Umayyads: Damascus, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, Africa, Andalusia, and Transoxania. The ten horns represent the ten names of the leaders of the Umayyad dynasty; Abu Sufyan, Muawiya, Yazid, Marwan, Abd al-Malik, Walid, Sulayman, Umar, Hisham, and Ibrahim. Some names were re-used, as in the case of Yazid II and Yazid III, which were not counted for this interpretation. Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (, translit. ""al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah""), also spelt , was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by

Caliphate
even before their birth, as the only valid Islamic rulers appointed and decreed by God. Shia Muslims believe that all the Muslim caliphs following Muhammad's death to be illegitimate due to their unjust rule and that Muslims have no obligation to follow them, as the only guidance that was left behind, as ordained in the hadith of the two weighty things, was the Islamic holy book, the Quran and Muhammad's family and offspring, who are believed to be infallible, therefore able to lead society and the Muslim community with complete justice and equity. The Prophet's own grandson, and third Shia

"Hit the Road Jack"
Hit the Road Jack ""Hit the Road Jack"" is a song written by the rhythm and blues artist Percy Mayfield and first recorded in 1960 as an ""a cappella"" demo sent to Art Rupe. It became famous after it was recorded by the singer-songwriter-pianist Ray Charles with The Raelettes vocalist Margie Hendrix. Charles's recording hit number one for two weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, beginning on Monday, October 9, 1961. ""Hit the Road Jack"" won a Grammy award for Best Rhythm and Blues Recording. The song was number one on the R&B Sides chart for five weeks, thereby becoming

Charles's sixth number-one on that chart. The song is ranked number 387 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of ""The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"". In 1976, Canadian band The Stampeders released a version of the song featuring DJ Wolfman Jack. The song reached number 6 in Canada and the top 40 in the US. Hit the Road Jack ""Hit the Road Jack"" is a song written by the rhythm and blues artist Percy Mayfield and first recorded in 1960 as an ""a cappella"" demo sent to Art Rupe. It became famous after it was recorded by the singer-songwriter-pianist Ray

"Calvin Richardson"
Calvin Richardson Calvin Richardson (born December 16, 1976) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter. In 1999, he released his debut solo album ""Country Boy"". He is friends with K-Ci & JoJo whom he met while singing on the gospel circuit. Richardson was signed to Tommy Boy Records in the early 1990s as a member of the R&B group Undacova, whose song ""Love Slave"" appeared on the soundtrack to the 1995 film ""New Jersey Drive"". In the mid 1990s, Richardson went solo and signed with Universal Records. His debut album, ""Country Boy"", was released on August 24, 1999, selling 100,000

"Roger Miller"
Roger Miller Roger Dean Miller, Sr. (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, widely known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs and his chart-topping country and pop hits ""King of the Road"", ""Dang Me"", and ""England Swings"", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era. After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army, Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, writing such hits as ""Billy Bayou"" and ""Home"" for Jim Reeves and ""Invitation to the Blues"" for Ray Price. He later began a recording career and

"Ray Charles"
his eclectic impulses as an interpreter. With ""Georgia on My Mind"", his first hit single for ABC-Paramount in 1960, Charles received national acclaim and four Grammy Awards, including two for ""Georgia on My Mind"" (Best Vocal Performance Single Record or Track, Male, and Best Performance by a Pop Single Artist). Written by Stuart Gorrell and Hoagy Carmichael, the song was Charles's first work with Sid Feller, who produced, arranged and conducted the recording. Charles earned another Grammy for the follow-up ""Hit the Road Jack"", written by R&B singer Percy Mayfield. By late 1961, Charles had expanded his small road ensemble

"Route 66 (song)"
the Andrews Sisters on May 11, 1946 and this reached the No. 14 position in 1946. The song was subsequently recorded by many artists including Chuck Berry, Glenn Frey, the Rolling Stones, Them, Dr. Feelgood, Asleep at the Wheel, the Manhattan Transfer, Depeche Mode, The Brian Setzer Orchestra, Pappo, The Cramps, John Mayer, George Benson and Peter Tork & Blue Suede Shoes. Bobby Troup got the idea for the song on a cross-country drive from Pennsylvania to California. Troup wanted to try his hand as a Hollywood songwriter, so he and his wife, Cynthia, packed up their 1941 Buick and

"Percy Mayfield"
Percy Mayfield Percy Mayfield (August 12, 1920 – August 11, 1984) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer with a smooth vocal style. He was also a songwriter, known for the songs ""Please Send Me Someone to Love"" and ""Hit the Road Jack"". Mayfield was born in Minden, Louisiana, the seat of Webster Parish, in the northwestern part of the state. As a youth, he had a talent for poetry, which led him to songwriting and singing. He began his performing career in Texas and then moved to Los Angeles in 1942, but without success as a singer until 1947, when a

"Ol' Waylon"
Ol' Waylon Ol' Waylon is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1977. It eventually became one of Jennings' highest-selling albums, due in no small part to the phenomenal success of the chart-topping ""Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)."" It was also the singer's fourth solo album in a row to reach the top of the country charts, remaining there for thirteen weeks and becoming country music's first platinum album by any single solo artist. By 1977, Jennings was in the midst of his critical and commercial prime, having scored two consecutive #1 albums (1975's

"Mac McAnally"
Mac McAnally Lyman Corbitt McAnally Jr. (; born July 15, 1957), known professionally as Mac McAnally, is an American country music singer-songwriter, session musician and record producer. In his career, he has recorded ten studio albums and eight singles. Two of his singles were hits on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and six more on the Hot Country Songs charts. His ninth chart entry came in late 2008, early 2009 as a guest vocalist on Kenny Chesney's Number One cover of his 1990 single ""Down the Road"". He has also produced for Sawyer Brown and Restless Heart, written several singles for

"King's Record Shop"
King's Record Shop King's Record Shop is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Rosanne Cash. Released in 1987, it produced four number 1 singles on the Billboard country singles chart. They were ""The Way We Make a Broken Heart"", ""If You Change Your Mind"", ""Tennessee Flat Top Box"" (which was written and originally sung by father Johnny Cash), and ""Runaway Train"". The album is named after King's Record Shop in Louisville, Kentucky, which was owned by Pee Wee King's younger brother, Gene. A photograph of Rosanne Cash standing in the shop's doorway is featured on the cover,

"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)"
sunk by its hyper-claustrophobic rhythms, the biggest rearrangement of a tune here and easily the worst cut."" ""Magic"" by Selena Gomez is a digital single on the iTunes Store. The song was released on July 21, 2009 as part of the Radio Disney iTunes Pass. ""Magic"" premiered on Radio Disney and a music video to Disney Channel on July 24. The song's music video has Gomez singing into a microphone with bright and flamboyant background, as well as including clips from """". ""Magic"" debuted at no. 61 in the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 with 42,000 downloads. Bonus content for the physical

"Wizards of Waverly Place"
between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled ""The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex"" and premiered on March 15, 2013. This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of ""Hannah Montana"". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, ""Everything Is Not What It Seems"", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was

"Magic (Pilot song)"
peaked at No. 61 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, at No. 80 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart, at No. 5 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and at No. 90 on the UK Singles Chart. It has sold 563,000 copies in the United States. Selena Gomez covered ""Magic"" for the soundtrack of the Disney Channel television series ""Wizards of Waverly Place"", released as a single on 21 July 2009; it was marked with an asterisk (*) as ""Magic*"" due to two other songs on the album having identical names (the other two performed by Meagan Martin and Honor

Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the television series and """". In an interview with Disney Channel's commercial-segment, ""Disney 365"", Selena Gomez discussed her interpretations of the songs on the soundtrack saying: """"Disappear"" is more of a romantic song. It's basically talking about how a girl likes a guy and they [she] don't want him

5. It premiered on November 3, 2007 in Ireland and also aired on TRTÉ. It premiered in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines on March 9, 2008. It first aired in India and Bangladesh on May 5, 2008. In South Africa it premiered on June 22, 2008. The soundtrack album for the hit Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and """". In response to the soundtrack,

"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"
Taylor, Brian Kubach as Riley, Shane Lyons as Manny Kin, Eric Allan Kramer as Coach Gunderson, Chelsea Staub as Kari Langsdorf, Sara Paxton as Millie, Julie Brown as Ms. Angela and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. The series was created and as executive produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of ""Hannah Montana"". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, ""Everything Is Not What It Seems"", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of

Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won ""Outstanding Children's Program"" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. A film adaptation of the series, """", premiered as a Disney Channel Original

filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. For the first three seasons the show used the same title sequence which is set to Selena Gomez's rendition of ""Everything Is Not What It Seems""; it shows Alex, Justin, Max and Harper engaging in magical antics while preparing for school in the morning. The fourth season began using a slightly altered version of the song, and a different sequence involving the cast, who all appear in Times Square at the end of the sequence with Alex waving her wand. The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the

Spain, on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland. Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won ""Outstanding Children's Program"" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in

"Magic Moments"
episode 9 of the 2017 Netflix series ""Glow"". Magic Moments ""Magic Moments"" is a popular song with music by Burt Bacharach and lyrics by Hal David, one of the first compositions by that duo. The song was published in 1957. The biggest hit version of the song was recorded by Perry Como and released by RCA Victor in December 1957, becoming a hit early in 1958. The record was produced by Joe Reisman. The peak position in the United States is hard to track precisely, due to the multiple charts used in ""Billboard"" magazine. The overall impact of the song

"New Orleans Saints"
in Dallas, with a 2–1 record at Cowboys Stadium. The all-time series record stands at 12–16, in favor of Dallas. The two teams most recently met on October 4, 2015, which the Saints won 26–20 in overtime in New Orleans. In the teams' most recent meeting at the Superdome, the Saints set a National Football League record of 40 first downs and a franchise record of 625 yards of total offense with Texas native Drew Brees throwing four touchdown passes without any interceptions for the 15th time in his career. Additionally, the Saints' defensive coordinator was Rob Ryan, who had

in time for the 2006 season at an estimated cost of US$185 million. The New Orleans Saints' first post-Katrina home game was an emotionally charged ""Monday Night Football"" game versus their division rival, the Atlanta Falcons. The Saints, under rookie head coach Sean Payton and new quarterback Drew Brees, defeated the Falcons 23–3, and went on to notch the second playoff win in franchise history. The 2009 season was a historic one for the Saints. Winning a franchise-record 13 games, they qualified for Super Bowl XLIV and defeated the AFC champion Indianapolis Colts 31–17. To date, it is the only

the Superdome and the New Orleans area, the Saints' scheduled 2005 home opener against the New York Giants was moved to Giants Stadium. The remainder of their 2005 home games were split between the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and LSU's Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. On January 17, 2006, the Saints hired Sean Payton as their new head coach. 2006 season On March 14, 2006, the Saints signed former San Diego Chargers quarterback Drew Brees to a 6-year, $60 million deal. On March 23, the Saints announced that the team's two 2006 preseason games were to be played

Super Bowl championship that they have won, and as it is the only Super Bowl the Saints have appeared in, they join the New York Jets and Tampa Bay Buccaneers as the only three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance. In 51 seasons (through 2017), the Saints' record was overall, 349–432–5 in the regular season and 9–11 in the playoffs. First the brainchild of local sports entrepreneur Dave Dixon, who later built the Louisiana Superdome and founded the USFL, the Saints were actually secretly born in a backroom deal brought about by U.S. Congressman Hale Boggs, U.S.

only two great performances by the defense out of the entire season came from a 44–23 home win against the Green Bay Packers and a 31–15 victory against the Chicago Bears in Chicago. 2015 season The Saints finished with a 7–9 record for the second consecutive season. They were third in the NFC South after the 15–1 NFC champions Carolina Panthers and the 8–8 Atlanta Falcons. Their defense was historically bad. They allowed the most passing touchdowns in a season in NFL history as they allowed 45, effectively making them the worst passing defense in NFL history. They also set

were stopped short by the New England Patriots in Week 6, losing 30–27, with a touchdown pass by Tom Brady in the last 5 seconds of the game. New Orleans would go undefeated at home for the second straight season with Sean Payton as the head coach, but finish just 3–5 on the road. Key losses included a 7–34 blowout against the Seattle Seahawks on Monday Night Football in Seattle which cost them homefield advantage throughout the playoffs, a 16–27 upset against the St. Louis Rams in St. Louis which led to the Saints needing to win their next game

against Carolina to control their own playoff destiny, and a heartbreaking 13–17 defeat to their division rival the Carolina Panthers in Charlotte who went on to win the NFC South. The Saints finished the season with an 11–5 record and earned a wild card berth as the sixth seed in the NFC. On January 4, 2014, the Saints recorded their first road playoff win in franchise history over the Philadelphia Eagles 26–24. On January 11, the Saints lost to the first seed, the Seattle Seahawks, once again in Seattle 15–23. The weather conditions were very poor, which gave the offense

with a three-game losing streak. The Saints became the first team to win a Super Bowl after losing its last three regular season games. Although its opponents would include winners of 9 of the last 15 NFL MVP awards, the team advanced to the 2009 NFC Championship game where they defeated the Minnesota Vikings, led by Brett Favre, 31–28 in overtime (at 9:19 CST), earning their first Super Bowl appearance in franchise history. Television ratings for Super Bowl XLIV (44) were the highest for any TV program, sports or otherwise, in history, as their successful bid to win the Super

Go Marching In"" is strongly associated with New Orleans and is often sung by fans at games. The franchise was founded on November 1, 1966. The team's primary colors are old gold and black; their logo is a simplified fleur-de-lis. They played their home games in Tulane Stadium through the 1974 NFL season. The following year, they moved to the new Louisiana Superdome (now the Mercedes-Benz Superdome, since Mercedes-Benz has purchased the stadium's naming rights). For most of their first 20 years, the Saints were barely competitive, only getting to .500 twice. In 1987, they finished 12–3—their first-ever winning season—and

set in . Dempsey's record was not broken until by Matt Prater of the Denver Broncos, who kicked one yard farther (at elevation in Colorado). In 1980, the Saints lost their first 14 games, prompting local sportscaster Bernard ""Buddy D"" Diliberto to advise Saints supporters to wear paper bags over their heads at the team's home games; many bags rendered the club's name as the ""'Aints"" rather than the ""Saints."" Tom Benson, a successful automobile dealership owner and banker, acquired the franchise in 1985, and hired Jim Finks as general manager and Jim Mora as head coach. That combination provided

of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. Public access to the balcony around the torch has been barred for safety since 1916. According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye, president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time. The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye, a staunch abolitionist, and Frédéric Bartholdi, a sculptor. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in

inside Fort Wood, a disused army base on Bedloe's Island constructed between 1807 and 1811. Since 1823, it had rarely been used, though during the Civil War, it had served as a recruiting station. The fortifications of the structure were in the shape of an eleven-point star. The statue's foundation and pedestal were aligned so that it would face southeast, greeting ships entering the harbor from the Atlantic Ocean. In 1881, the New York committee commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design the pedestal. Within months, Hunt submitted a detailed plan, indicating that he expected construction to take about nine months.

the pedestal was threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the ""New York World"", started a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. The statue was built in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland. The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department

with assistance from Viollet-le-Duc, who fell ill in 1879. He soon died, leaving no indication of how he intended to transition from the copper skin to his proposed masonry pier. The following year, Bartholdi was able to obtain the services of the innovative designer and builder Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel and his structural engineer, Maurice Koechlin, decided to abandon the pier and instead build an iron truss tower. Eiffel opted not to use a completely rigid structure, which would force stresses to accumulate in the skin and lead eventually to cracking. A secondary skeleton was attached to the center pylon, then,

1889, there were 38 U.S. states), although this was not done. Above that, a balcony was placed on each side, framed by pillars. Bartholdi placed an observation platform near the top of the pedestal, above which the statue itself rises. According to author Louis Auchincloss, the pedestal ""craggily evokes the power of an ancient Europe over which rises the dominating figure of the Statue of Liberty"". The committee hired former army General Charles Pomeroy Stone to oversee the construction work. Construction on the foundation began in 1883, and the pedestal's cornerstone was laid in 1884. In Hunt's original conception, the

U.S. peoples. Because of the post-war instability in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the U.S. provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on

the Eiffel factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret. The change in structural material from masonry to iron allowed Bartholdi to change his plans for the statue's assembly. He had originally expected to assemble the skin on-site as the masonry pier was built; instead he decided to build the statue in France and have it disassembled and transported to the United States for reassembly in place on Bedloe's Island. In a symbolic act, the first rivet placed into the skin, fixing a copper plate onto the statue's big toe, was driven by United States Ambassador to France Levi P.

it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships. Both the khedive and Lesseps declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the expensive cost. The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869. Any large project was further delayed by the Franco-Prussian War, in which Bartholdi served as a major of militia. In

the first political society started under british rule in india was

"British Indian Association"
Krishna Kishore Ghosh, Jagadananda Mukhopadhyay, Peary Chand Mitra, and Sambhunath Pandit. Most of the early leaders of the British Indian Association were conservatives by tradition and temperament, although there were some progressive like Ramgopal Ghosh and Peary Chand Mitra. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society. The Zamindari Association, which was later renamed Landholders’ Society, was established in 12 November 1837 by Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb, Ramkamal Sen and Bhabani Charan Mitra. It has been described as “the first organisation of Bengal with distinct political object.” The society

"Political party"
at the Hippodrome, who received patronage from different Senatorial factions and religious sects. The patricians who sponsored the Blues and the Greens competed with each other to hold ever grander games and public entertainments during electoral campaigns, in order to appeal to the citizenry of Constantinople. The first modern political factions, however, can be said to have originated in early modern Britain. The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles, emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late 17th century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule; the Tories, originating

virtually became defunct after the death of Dwarkanath Tagore. The British India Society was set up in 1839 in England primarily as a result of the efforts of William Adam, who had come to India and befriended Ram Mohan Roy. On his return to England he took up India’s cause. Others involved were George Thompson, William Ednis, and Major General Briggs. They organised meetings and enlightened people about conditions in India. In 1841, it started publishing a newspaper named ""British Indian Advocate"", edited by Professor William Adam In 1842, Dwarkanath Tagore went to England, accompanied by Chandramohan Chatterjee and Paramananda

the rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first ""self-rule"" and later ""complete independence"". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a ""clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests"", ""racial discriminations"", and ""the revelation of India's past"". The first step toward Indian self-rule was the appointment of councillors to advise the British viceroy in 1861 and the first Indian was appointed in 1909. Provincial Councils with Indian members were also set up. The councillors' participation was subsequently widened into legislative councils. The British built a large British Indian Army, with

Maitra. It was the second visit abroad by educated Indians and the first since that of Ram Mohan Roy. Dwarkanath Tagore returned from England with George Thompson. His oratory charmed everybody and drew in Young Bengal members such as Ramgopal Ghosh, Tarachand Chakrabarti and Peary Chand Mitra. As a result of the efforts of George Thompson the Bengal British India Society was founded on 20 April 1843. The object of the society was to secure the welfare, and advance the interests of all classes, but it would “adopt and recommend such measures only as are consistent with pure loyalty to

Chandra Pal complained that it had failed to cover the country with a network of branches. However, the British Indian Association played a catalytic role in building up political consciousness in India and more effective organisations followed. The Indian Association was formed in 1876, and the Indian National Congress in 1885. British Indian Association The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. Its formation was a major event of 19th-century India. Its establishment meant Indians had come together and could no longer be ignored. It developed enormous hopes amongst the Indians about their future. The first committee of

the person and government of the reigning sovereign of the British dominions.” Its first executive committee consisted of four Europeans and eleven Indians with George Thompson as President, GF Remfry and Ramgopal Ghosh as Vice-Presidents, Peary Chand Mitra as Secretary. The members on the committee were Tarachand Chakrabarti, Dakshinaranjan Mukherjee, Brojonath Dhar, Krishna Mohan Banerjee, Hari Mohan, Govind Chandra Sen, Chandra Sekhar Deb, Shyama Charan Sen and Satkari Datta. There were people like Ramtanu Lahiri, also associated in some way. In 1849, John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune prepared drafts of certain legislative efforts aimed at bringing the British-born subjects of the

to address the issues of poverty, lack of health care, social oppression, and the prejudiced negligence of the people's concerns by British authorities. The perception of bodies like the Congress was that of an elitist, then educated and wealthy people's institution. The first spurts of nationalistic sentiment that rose amongst Congress members were when the desire to be represented in the bodies of government, to have a say, a vote in the lawmaking and issues of administration of India. Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists, but wanted an active role in governing their own country, albeit as part of the Empire.

enlarged from 25 to 60 members and separate communal representation for Muslims was established in a dramatic step towards representative and responsible government. Several socio-religious organisations came into being at that time. Muslims set up the All India Muslim League in 1906. It was not a mass party but was designed to protect the interests of the aristocratic Muslims. It was internally divided by conflicting loyalties to Islam, the British, and India, and by distrust of Hindus. The Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) sought to represent Hindu interests though the latter always claimed it to be

"The Bob & Tom Show"
The Bob & Tom Show The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995. Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the beginning of 2014. The program enjoys extensive popularity and has frequently received recognition by the National Association of Broadcasters as an exemplar in American radio. ""Focusing on comedy and talk, ""The Bob & Tom Show"" is a mash-up of news, sports, conversation, and

it was moved to 2 a.m. ET). The program ended its run on WGN America on September 10, 2010, as part of an extensive revamp of the network's schedule. As part of the deal, WTTV Indianapolis (another Tribune-owned station) would be the first to air the nightly one-hour telecast. Over their career, the show has been actively involved in charitable work. Some of the albums they have produced since 1986 have been utilized to raise money for various charities. After the syndicated portion of their show ends at 10:00 a.m. Eastern they typically devote up to a half-hour to further

going to People's Burn Foundation of Indiana and Kid's Voice of Indiana, Inc. On May 9, 2014, Bob and Tom presented a comedy show as a tribute to the late Tim Wilson. All proceeds went to help with the education of Tim's son. The Bob & Tom Show The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995. Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the

May 1, 2018, to ""The Bob & Tom Show."" iHeartMedia, corporate parent of flagship WFBQ ""Q95"" and another 12 of the show's 90+ syndication outlets, announced a renewed agreement on December 10, 2018, to continue airing the show on those iHeartMedia stations. Although the announcement did not detail the length of the agreement, news reports note that ""The Bob & Tom Show"" could conceivably celebrate its 40th anniversary at Q95 on March 7, 2023. The show's primary cast performed live on stage with guest comedians and live musicians at evening shows in venues around the country for several years in

KDBX
KDBX KDBX is a radio station whose transmitter is located in the nearby town of Clear Lake, South Dakota, but the studios are in Brookings. The station carries The Bob & Tom Show in the mornings, and is an affiliate of the syndicated Floydian Slip Pink Floyd show. KDBX broadcasts across a wide region encompassing both the Brookings and Watertown areas in eastern South Dakota as well as reaching points in western Minnesota as far as Marshall and Benson. The station was formerly in a historic train depot. In 2005, the depot was sold and KDBX relocated to the building

on-air personality and helped Kristi get her first job at the station. Tom refers to him as ""the legendary Ace Cosby"" as an homage to Cosby's 30 years of popularity with Indianapolis-area listeners and personal relationships with numerous rock musicians. After Tom announced via social media that Finley, his four-year-old daughter with Kelly McCarthy, would be undergoing surgery for the removal of a benign brain tumor, ""The Bob & Tom Show"" announced that Bob would fill in for Tom during the show's regular broadcast on Friday, December 8, 2017. National radio syndicator Westwood One granted a multi-year contract extension on

Chick, and Kristi. For most of ""The Bob & Tom Show’s"" 35+ year history, the cast consisted of hosts Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold, sports commentator and comic foil Chick McGee, news director Kristi Lee, and producer Dean Metcalf. Kevoian and Griswold originally teamed up in the early 1980s at Petoskey, Michigan station WJML before being lured to WFBQ ""Q95"" Indianapolis in 1983 to host what was initially a music-heavy morning show. After McGee (in 1986) and Lee (in 1988) joined the show, the primary cast that listeners would know for decades simply as “Bob, Tom, Chick, and Kristi” was

their live morning show as an overnight show called ""Bob & Tom All Nighter"". ""All Nighter"" airs 12–5 A.M. on a few terrestrial affiliated stations and their streams. During the show, live or pre-recorded comic songs and skits are often played, including many from a huge library of archived pieces. There are frequent impromptu ""calls"" from numerous characters voiced primarily by Steve Salge, Ron Sexton, and Dean Metcalf. Several guests usually join the primary cast each day in the studio or via phone or satellite, including numerous comedians who tour nationally. The show has frequently featured up-and-coming comedians who went

WFBQ
WFBQ WFBQ (94.7 FM, ""Q95"") is a radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, owned by iHeartMedia. The studios are located at 6161 Fall Creek Road on the northeast side of Indianapolis. The transmitter and antenna are located on the Northeast side of Indianapolis. It is the flagship station of the popular nationally syndicated program ""The Bob and Tom Show"". WFBQ began operation as WFBM-FM in 1955 as the sister station to WFBM (now WNDE) and WFBM-TV (now WRTV). In 1957, all three WFBM stations were sold to Time-Life, Inc. In 1961, the two WFBM radio stations were sold to

before being named a regular cast member on August 1, 2016. Kristi Lee announced on January 11, 2016, that she, too, had left the show, having last appeared on December 17, 2015. She returned to the show on July 11, 2016, resuming her traditional news and commentary role. During Kristi's absence, Carlini had re-joined ""The Bob & Tom Show"" as news anchor (for all four hours each morning). After Kristi returned, Carlini appeared on a half-time basis for several days. On November 17, 2016, Bob and Tom were reunited during their induction into the Indiana Broadcasters Hall of Fame. On

"Gun laws in California"
under the auspices of, or approved by, a law enforcement agency or a nationally or state recognized entity that fosters proficiency in, or promotes education about, firearms. (d) The assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle is transported in accordance with Section 25610 or Article 3 (commencing with Section 25505) of Chapter 2 of Division 5. (e) The person is 18 years of age or over and is not in a class of persons prohibited from possessing firearms by virtue of Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 29800) or Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 29900) of Division 9 of this code or

older, and sometimes receive the responsibility of owning their own car. Teenagers may drive at age 15 in Idaho and Montana. At 16, teenagers are also old enough to donate blood and work in most establishments. At 18 one is legally considered an adult and can vote and join the military. The legal age for purchasing and consuming alcohol and recreational marijuana, the latter of which is only legal in the District of Columbia, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Alaska, is 21. The legal age for purchasing and consuming tobacco products is 18 in most states; 19

Cigarette
age has been prohibited by law in all 50 states of the United States. The purchasing age in the United States is 18 in 42 of the 50 states — but 19 in Alabama, Alaska, Utah, and Nassau, Suffolk, and Onondaga Counties in New York, and 21 in California, Hawaii, New Jersey, Oregon, Maine and more than 180 municipalities across the nation. The intended effect of this is to prevent older high school students from purchasing cigarettes for their younger peers. In Massachusetts, parents and guardians are allowed to give cigarettes to minors, but sales to minors are prohibited. Similar

Gun laws in California Gun laws in California regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of California in the United States. The gun laws of California are some of the most restrictive in the United States. A 5-year Firearm Safety Certificate, obtained by paying a $25 fee, submission of applicant data to the state, and passing a written test proctored by a DOJ Certified Instructor, is required for the sale, delivery, loan, or transfer of any firearm. Handguns sold by dealers must be ""California legal"" by being listed on the state's Roster of Handguns

Certificate. This is obtained by passing a written test, given by a Department of Justice certified instructor, on the safe and legal use of handguns. The certificate is valid for five years. A buyer must also perform a Safe Handling Demonstration when taking possession of a handgun. Some individuals are exempt from the Safety Certificate and Handling Demonstration requirements, including active and retired military and law enforcement personnel, hunter safety certificate holders, and concealed carry license holders. Effective January 1, 2015, the Handgun Safety Certificate program was replaced with the Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) program. Under the FSC program, requirements

Smoking
(Environmental Tobacco Smoke) in developing countries. Tobacco advertising is also sometimes regulated to make smoking less appealing. In May 2016 the state of California passed legislation raising the smoking age from 18 to 21. This law also includes the sale of electronic cigarettes. Despite the many bans, European countries still hold 18 of the top 20 spots, and according to the ERC, a market research company, the heaviest smokers are from Greece, averaging 3,000 cigarettes per person in 2007. Rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in the developed world but continue to rise in developing countries. Smoking rates

"Drug policy of California"
(""public building"" means a building owned and occupied, or leased and occupied, by the state, a county, a city, a city and county, or a California Community College district.) The law also prohibits smoking in state owned vehicles. Additionally, effective January 1, 2008, smoking in a moving vehicle while in the presence of a minor (18 years or younger) is an infraction; the charge is not serious enough to be pulled over, and only can be cited along with a stricter offense, such as a moving violation or traffic accident. Local jurisdictions may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.

"California Labor Code"
no less than $36.00. However, trainees or unskilled people can be exempted even if they meet all the requirements. Writers can be exempted. Actors who meet the requirements for the purpose of filming can be exempted. While some states do not have age restrictions on actors, California requires infants to be at least 15 days old to work as actors. California Child Actor's Bill protects child performers to safeguard a portion of their earnings. Due to the restriction on tobacco, actors in Mad Men smoked herbal cigarettes instead. Assembly Bill 633 passed in 1999 added section 2673.1 which “guarantees” wages

"Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration"
and licensing of distributors. By 1950, most states had laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors, which at the time, the purchase age differed in each state. In 1992 the federal government required states to set a minimum age of at least 18 years to purchase tobacco products, which was amended in all states by 1993. In 1964, Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a report on smoking and health saying that tobacco causes lung cancer and is a main contributor to bronchitis. Members of the Federal Trade Commission read the report the day it was released and quickly

"The Muppet Movie"
a Florida swamp, strumming his banjo and singing ""The Rainbow Connection"", when he is approached by a Hollywood talent agent named Bernie (Dom DeLuise) who encourages Kermit to pursue a career in show business. Inspired by the idea of ""making millions of people happy"", Kermit sets off on a cross-country trip to Los Angeles, but is soon pursued by entrepreneur Doc Hopper (Charles Durning) and his shy assistant Max (Austin Pendleton) in an attempt to convince Kermit to be the new spokesman of Hopper's struggling French-fried frog legs restaurant franchise, to Kermit's disgust. As Kermit continuously declines his offers, Hopper

"Andrew Bird"
Andrew Bird Andrew Wegman Bird (born July 11, 1973) is an American indie rock multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter. He was a member of the bands Squirrel Nut Zippers and Bowl of Fire before pursuing a solo career. His main instrument is violin, but he also plays guitar and glockenspiel and is an expert whistler. He wrote and performed ""The Whistling Caruso"" for ""The Muppets"" movie and composed the score for the television series ""Baskets"". Andrew Bird currently lives in Los Angeles with his wife Katherine and their son Sam. Trained in the Suzuki method from the age of four, Bird

film's music was written by Kenneth Ascher and Paul Williams. Regarding the music's composition, Williams said; ""Jim Henson gave you more [creative] freedom than anybody I've ever worked with in my life. I said, 'You want to hear the songs as we're writing them?' He said, 'No. I'll hear them in the studio. I know I'm gonna love them.' You just don't get that kind of freedom on a project these days."" ""Movin' Right Along"", ""Never Before, Never Again"", and ""I Hope That Somethin' Better Comes Along"" were shortened in the film, compared to their soundtrack versions, for continuity purposes.

work gives me the strange and wonderful pleasure of understanding my own songs better by hearing him perform them."" Andrew Bird Andrew Wegman Bird (born July 11, 1973) is an American indie rock multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter. He was a member of the bands Squirrel Nut Zippers and Bowl of Fire before pursuing a solo career. His main instrument is violin, but he also plays guitar and glockenspiel and is an expert whistler. He wrote and performed ""The Whistling Caruso"" for ""The Muppets"" movie and composed the score for the television series ""Baskets"". Andrew Bird currently lives in Los Angeles

"Walter (Muppet)"
to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member. A 2010 article from ""Entertainment Weekly"" described Walter by writing; Meet the newest member of the Muppet repertory company: Walter, a sweet, slightly naive twenty-something every-puppet who, in the movie, is the best friend and roommate of Jason Segel's character, Gary. Both Gary and Walter

"Crooner (film)"
radio proclaims, ""…And now, it is our great privilege to bring to you the new sensation of the air, Bang Busby, who will croon for you in his inimitable manner, 'Sweethearts Forever'"". As the song, which had already been sung a number of times by Teddy Taylor, begins to be heard, Sturgis grabs a bottle and hurls it at the radio, breaking it. Donald Novis provided Ted Taylor's singing voice. Rudy Vallée was originally considered for the role of Taylor, but contracts prevented this. ""It hands a loud but quite amusing razz to all such radio performers,"" wrote a critic

"Beaker (Muppet)"
the Muppets throughout the episode) so Beaker could finish: ""QUIET!!...Thank you."" In the 2011 film ""The Muppets"", Beaker sang a comedic a cappella version of Nirvana's ""Smells Like Teen Spirit"" as part of a barbershop quartet with Sam the Eagle, Rowlf the Dog and Link Hogthrob. Because of Disney's designation of the Muppets franchise as being for family audiences, Beaker was given a crucial role replacing the song's more questionable lines like ""a mulatto"" and ""my libido"" with ""mee-mee-mee-mo."" The two scientists were later incorporated into the ""Muppet Babies"" animated series. Howie Mandel (during early seasons) and Dave Coulier voiced

Camilla the Chicken; Sweetums, who runs after them after they mistakenly think that he has turned them down at a used car lot; and the immediately love-stricken Miss Piggy at a fair. While Kermit and Miss Piggy form a relationship over dinner that night, Doc Hopper and Max do a surprise attack to Miss Piggy and use her as bait to lure Kermit into a trap. Using an electronic cerebrectomy device, scientist Professor Krassman (Mel Brooks) decides to brainwash Kermit in an attempt to force Kermit to perform in Doc's commercials until an infuriated Miss Piggy knocks out Doc Hopper's

the Rockies reported for pit duty."" The film is dedicated to ventriloquist Edgar Bergen who appears in the movie in a cameo role and died during production in September 1978. ""The Muppet Movie"" uses meta-references as a source of humor, as characters occasionally break the fourth wall to address the audience or comment on their real-life circumstances. In one scene, Kermit and Fozzie encounter Big Bird on the road, offering him a lift to Hollywood, but he declines, heading to New York City to break into public television, referencing the character's role in ""Sesame Street"". In a particularly meta-fictional plot

Bunsen, and Frank Welker provided Beaker's squeaky meeps. Beaker was performed by Kevin Clash in ""The Muppet Show Live"". An animated Beaker was also voiced by Richard Hunt, his usual performer during that period, when he appeared in the short lived ""Little Muppet Monsters"" series. Beaker's ""meep"" sound has become a well-known catchphrase, and is referenced in various media. In a 2004 Internet poll sponsored by the BBC and the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Beaker and Dr. Bunsen Honeydew were voted Britain's favourite cinematic scientists. They beat Mr. Spock, their closest rival, by a margin of two

"Subcutaneous injection"
Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as opposed to intravenous) injection of recreational drugs is referred to as ""skin popping."" Subcutaneous administration may be abbreviated as SC, SQ, sub-cu, sub-Q, SubQ, or subcut. Subcut is the preferred abbreviation for patient safety. Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected here are for slow, sustained rates of absorption.

3/8"" needle is usually inserted 90 degrees and a 5/8"" needle is usually inserted at 45 degrees. Medication is administered slowly, about 10 seconds/milliliter. A person with insulin-dependent (either type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus typically injects insulin subcutaneously. The injection should be given under the skin, into the fat layer. Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as

"Injection (medicine)"
epidermis of the skin. The injection is often given at a 5 to 15 degree angle with the needle placed almost flat against the patient's skin. Absorption takes the longest from this route compared to intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections. Because of this, intradermal injection are often used for sensitivity tests, like tuberculin and allergy tests, and local anesthesia tests. The reactions caused by these tests are easily seen due to the location of the injections on the skin. Common sites of intradermal injections are the forearm and lower back. A depot injection is an injection, usually subcutaneous, intradermal, or

It is slower than intramuscular injections but still faster than intradermal injections. Sites include, A 25 to 31 gauge thick, 3/8"" to 1"" long needle can be used. The size is determined by the amount of subcutaneous tissue present, which is based on patient build. The 3/8"" and 5/8"" needles are most commonly used. Usually, no more than 1 mL of solution is given, compared to intradermal injections, where no more than 0.5 mL is usually given. Subcutaneous injections are inserted at 45 to 90 degree angles, depending on amount of subcutaneous tissue present and length of needle- a shorter,

"Intramuscular injection"
based practices, this site is commonly preferred by healthcare professionals against research recommendation, often due to a lack of knowledge surrounding alternative sites for injection. The injection site is located by dividing the buttock into four with a plus (+) shaped cross, and administering the injection in the upper outer quadrant. This is the only intramuscular injection site for which research recommends aspiration (drawing back) of the syringe prior to injection, due to higher likelihood of accidental intravenous administration in this area. The selected site is cleansed with an antimicrobial and is allowed to dry. It is injected with the

"Intradermal injection"
proteins or molecules, ID route of administration is associated with fast uptake systemically compared to subcutaneous injections, applied in novel closed loop insuline infusion systems. Additionally, the body's reaction to substances is more easily visible since it is closer to the surface. Common injection sites include the inner surface of the forearm and the upper back, under the scapula.. Equipment include syringes calibrated in tenths and hundredths of a milliliter. The dosage given is usually less than 0.5 mL, less than given subcutaneously or intramuscularly. A 1/4"" to 1/2"" long and 26 or 27 gauge thick needle is used. The

that forms with its base at the acromion process and its midpoint in line with the axilla. The ventrogluteal site (hip) is recommended for injections requiring a larger volume to be administered, greater than 1 ml, and for medications known to be irritating, viscous or oily. It is also given for narcotic, antibiotic, sedative and anti-emetic medications. To locate the ventrogluteal site, place the palm of your hand over the greater trochanter, with the fingers facing the patient's head. The right hand is used for the left hip and left hand is used for the right hip. Place the index

Tracheotomy
tracheotomy (OST) and is usually done in a sterile operating room. The optimal patient position involves a cushion under the shoulders to extend the neck. Commonly a transverse incision is made two fingerbreadths above the sternal notch. Alternatively, a vertical incision can be made in the midline of the neck from the thyroid cartilage to just above the suprasternal notch. Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and strap muscles (neck muscles) are retracted aside to expose the thyroid isthmus, which can be cut or retracted upwards. After proper identification of the cricoid cartilage and placement of a tracheal hook to steady the trachea

held down to one side with the nondominant hand about an inch and after the needle is withdrawn the displaced skin is allowed to return to its normal position. This is to ensure that the medication does not leak back along the needle track. Gentle pressure is applied with a gauze but the site is not massaged to prevent forcing the medication into subcutaneous tissue. Intramuscular injection Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle. In medicine, it is one of several alternative methods for the administration of medications (see route of administration).

finger on the anterior superior iliac spine and run the middle finger back along the iliac crest. The injection is given in the center of the triangle that is formed. The vastus lateralis site is the recommended site for infants less than 7 months old and those unable to walk, with loss of muscular tone. To locate the site, divide the front thigh into thirds vertically and horizontally to make nine squares and inject in the outer middle square. It is also recommended for epinephrine autoinjectors, in such cases in the middle of the outer side of the thigh, corresponding

Linda Davis Linda Kaye Davis (born November 26, 1962) is an American country music singer. Before beginning a career as a solo artist, she had three minor country singles in the charts as one half of the duo Skip & Linda. In her solo career, Davis has recorded five studio albums for major record labels and more than 15 singles. Her highest chart entry is ""Does He Love You"", her 1993 duet with Reba McEntire, which reached number one on the ""Billboard"" country charts and won both singers the Grammy for Best Country Vocal Collaboration. Her highest solo chart position

"Joe Billingslea"
Joe Billingslea Joseph Billingslea, Jr. (born November 14, 1937) is an American singer and performer. He is most noted for being the lead singer and the founder of the R&B band The Contours in 1959. The Contours was best known for its 1962 hit single, ""Do You Love Me"". Joseph Billingslea, Jr. was born on November 14, 1937 in Hamtramck, Michigan. Before his first birthday, his parents moved to Detroit where he was raised. He sang with the boys' choir while attending Chadsey High School where he graduated in 1954. After graduation, he enlisted in the United States Air Force.

"Does He Love You"
of the trio, both of whom were women. It had been pitched to Barbara Mandrell, Frank Sinatra, and Liza Minnelli, but McEntire ended up recording it. She had wanted to include Linda Davis, then a vocalist in her road band, as a duet partner. McEntire's husband and manager, Narvel Blackstock, told her that MCA Records ""would rather [she] record this with somebody more established"", such as Wynonna Judd or Trisha Yearwood, both of whom were on the same label at the time. McEntire called Tony Brown, then working as a record producer for both her and Judd. Brown told her

album, ""Linda Davis"", which did not produce any chart singles at all. Reba McEntire then chose Davis as a backing vocalist for her road band. Davis had her biggest chart success in 1993 when she and McEntire recorded their duet ""Does He Love You"". Davis's only number one country hit, it also won her and McEntire a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration that year. Soon afterward, Davis signed to Arista Nashville and recorded her third album, ""Shoot for the Moon"". This album's first single, the Mac McAnally composition ""Company Time"", failed to enter the Top 40. It was

that Judd might record the song if McEntire asked her personally, but added that Judd did not want to record songs about ""marital problems"". McEntire submitted a demo to Judd and, after not hearing back from her, recorded the song with Davis in June 1993. The single went on to win the Grammy award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration, a Country Music Association Award for Vocal Event of the Year, and a /Music City News award for Best Vocal Collaboration. In 1996, Minnelli released the song as a duet with Donna Summer, from Minnelli's album, ""Gently"". In 1997, it appeared

"Reba McEntire"
with then-labelmate Vince Gill) and ""Take It Back""—were Top 10 hits on the ""Billboard"" country chart, reaching No. 1 and No. 5 respectively. Like its preceding album, ""It's Your Call"" sold over a million copies, eventually certifying by the RIAA in sales of double-platinum. In October 1993, McEntire's third compilation album, ""Greatest Hits Volume Two"" was released, reaching No. 1 and No. 5 on the ""Billboard"" Top Country Albums and ""Billboard"" 200 charts respectively, selling 183,000 copies during Christmas week 1993. Out of the ten tracks were two new singles: the first, ""Does He Love You"", was a duet with

"Melba Montgomery"
Lauderdale, Verlon Thompson, J. D. Souther, Stephony Smith, Bill Anderson, Jennifer Kimball, Kathy Louvin, Carl Jackson, Larry Cordle, Larry Shell, Buddy Cannon, Jim ""Moose"" Brown, Tommy Polk, Kim Richey, Al Anderson, Clint Daniels, Tommy Karlas, Tommy Collins, and brothers Earl ""Peanut"" Montgomery and Carl Montgomery. Melba Montgomery Melba Montgomery (born October 14, 1938) is an American country music singer. She is best known for duet hit recordings in the 1960s with country music singer George Jones and later Charlie Louvin. In the 1970s, Montgomery was a successful solo artist in her own right. Her best-known solo hit is the No.

"Margie Joseph"
Margie Joseph Margaret Marie ""Margie"" Joseph (born August 19, 1950) is an American R&B, soul and gospel singer. Her greatest success came in the 1970s with a duet with Blue Magic on ""What's Come Over Me"" and her versions of Paul McCartney's ""My Love"" and The Supremes' ""Stop! In the Name of Love"". Margie Joseph was born in Gautier, Mississippi, and sang in her church choir. In 1967, during her time attending Dillard University in New Orleans where she studied speech and drama, she recorded some demos at the Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. This led to her debut on the

Does He Love You ""Does He Love You"" is a song written by Sandy Knox and Billy Stritch, and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Reba McEntire and Linda Davis. It was released in August 1993 as the first single from Reba's album ""Greatest Hits Volume Two"". It is one of country music's several songs about a love triangle. ""Does He Love You"" was written in 1982 by Billy Stritch. He recorded it with a trio in which he performed at the time, because he wanted a song that could be sung by the other two members

"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"
You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby ""You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie ""Hard to Get,"" released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell. The biggest-selling hit version was recorded by Bing Crosby, with Bob Crosby and his orchestra while other contemporaneous hit versions included recordings by Tommy Dorsey (with vocal by Edythe Wright) and Russ Morgan. It was also revived by Bobby Darin in 1961, reaching

the charts again that year. The song has been recorded by many other artists (see below for a partial list) and is considered a popular standard. It was used frequently in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons, also produced by Warner Brothers, under the musical direction of Carl W. Stalling. You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby ""You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie ""Hard to Get,"" released November 1938,

"You Are So Beautiful"
You Are So Beautiful ""You Are So Beautiful"" is a song written by Billy Preston and Bruce Fisher that was first released in 1974 on Preston's ninth studio album, ""The Kids & Me"". It was also the B-side of his single ""Struttin'"". Later that same year, English singer Joe Cocker released a slower version of the song on his album ""I Can Stand a Little Rain"". Produced by Jim Price, Cocker's version was also issued as a single in January 1975 and became one of his biggest chart hits, peaking at number 5 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Some

"You're Beautiful"
You're Beautiful ""You're Beautiful"" is a song co-written by the British singer James Blunt, Sacha Skarbek, and Amanda Ghost for Blunt's debut album, ""Back to Bedlam"" (2004). It was released as the third single from the album in 2005. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the song reached number one and number two respectively. When released as the debut single from ""Back to Bedlam"" in Canada and the United States, it reached number one on both charts and received widespread airplay. In 2006, the song won an Ivor Novello Award for airplay. The song has sold 625,000 copies in the

appear in the film """" (1985). A live version was released on the group's album """" in 2002. Cocker performed the song along with Ray Charles in a 1983 television tribute to Charles, ""A Man and his Soul"". You Are So Beautiful ""You Are So Beautiful"" is a song written by Billy Preston and Bruce Fisher that was first released in 1974 on Preston's ninth studio album, ""The Kids & Me"". It was also the B-side of his single ""Struttin'"". Later that same year, English singer Joe Cocker released a slower version of the song on his album ""I Can

sources credit Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys with contributing to the song's genesis. Wilson performed the song live with the Beach Boys from the late 1970s onwards. Kenny Rankin, Ray Stevens, Kenny Rogers, Bonnie Tyler and Brian Kennedy are also among the artists who have covered ""You Are So Beautiful"". Billy Preston wrote ""You Are So Beautiful"" with one of his regular collaborators, Bruce Fisher.<ref name=""Tobler/BGO""></ref> Preston's inspiration was his mother, who worked as a stage actress. According to his friend Sam Moore (who had assumed it was a standard love song), Preston was appalled to learn that Moore

"Beautiful (Lynsey de Paul song)"
Beautiful (Lynsey de Paul song) ""Beautiful"" is a song written by Lynsey de Paul. It first appeared as the B-side to her 1977 single ""You Give Me Those Feelings"" on the Polydor record label and reflected her real life philosophy that all forms of life are beautiful, including household flies. This recording was co-produced by de Paul and Jon Kelly. An extended and reworked version of the song with snatches of songs from de Paul's 1979 ""Tigers and Fireflies"" album as a reprise that was produced by Rupert Holmes, was featured as the last track on this album. The latter

"Beautiful Girl (George Harrison song)"
Beautiful Girl (George Harrison song) ""Beautiful Girl"" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released on his 1976 album ""Thirty Three & 1/3"". Harrison began writing the song in 1969 and considered recording it for his 1970 triple album ""All Things Must Pass"". In its finished, 1976 form, the lyrics of ""Beautiful Girl"" were inspired by Harrison's second wife, Olivia Arias. The recording features musical contributions from Billy Preston, Gary Wright and Willie Weeks. Some music critics have noted aspects of the Beatles' mid-'60s sound in ""Beautiful Girl""; like much of ""Thirty Three & 1/3"", the song is highly

"Heaven Must Have Sent You"
Heaven Must Have Sent You ""Heaven Must Have Sent You"" is a song written by Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland when at Motown, and first recorded by The Elgins in 1966. It was also a 1979 disco hit single by Bonnie Pointer. The version by the Elgins, released on the Motown subsidiary V.I.P. Records label in 1966, reached #9 on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart and #50 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Popular on the Northern soul scene in the UK, it was reissued in by Tamla Motown in 1971, and reached #3 on the UK Singles Chart.

of slaveholders in the South under the pre-1854 party system, they were translated in terms of sectional conflict—with the expansion of slavery in the West involved. As the depression strengthened the Republican Party, slave holding interests were becoming convinced that the North had aggressive and hostile designs on the Southern way of life. The South was thus increasingly fertile ground for secessionism. The Republicans' Whig-style personality-driven ""hurrah"" campaign helped stir hysteria in the slave states upon the emergence of Lincoln and intensify divisive tendencies, while Southern ""fire eaters"" gave credence to notions of the slave power conspiracy among Republican constituencies

"Turning point of the American Civil War"
Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler was detested, he was astute enough to build a base of political support among the poorer classes and create an extensive intelligence and counterespionage capability, nullifying the threat of insurrection. The Confederacy's loss of its greatest port had significant diplomatic consequences. Confederate agents abroad were generally received more coolly, if at all, after news of the city's capture reached London and Paris. The Battle of Antietam, fought September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest single day of conflict in American military history. But it also had two strategic consequences. Although considered a tactical draw between the Army

profited from the domestic trade, opposed the reopening of the slave trade since they saw it as a potential form of competition. The convention in 1858 wound up voting to recommend the repeal of all laws against slave imports, despite some reservations. On October 16, 1859, radical abolitionist John Brown led an attempt to start an armed slave revolt by seizing the U.S. Army arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). Brown and twenty followers, both whites (including two of Brown's sons) and blacks (three free blacks, one freedman, and one fugitive slave), planned to seize the armory and

to slavery, reaffirming, ""I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."" After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on ""King Cotton"" that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when

American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate

of power. Intertwined with religious, ethnic, regional, and class identities, the issues of free labor and free soil were thus easy to play on. Events during the next two years in ""Bleeding Kansas"" sustained the popular fervor originally aroused among some elements in the North by the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Free-State settlers from the North were encouraged by press and pulpit and the powerful organs of abolitionist propaganda. Often they received financial help from such organizations as the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company. Those from the South often received financial contributions from the communities they left. Southerners sought to uphold their constitutional

1880s. For a typical white Southerner, this meant that so much as casting a ballot against the wishes of the establishment meant running the risk of being socially :ostracized. Thus, by the 1850s, Southern slaveholders and non-slaveholders alike felt increasingly encircled psychologically and politically in the national political arena because of the rise of free soilism and abolitionism in the Northern states. Increasingly dependent on the North for manufactured goods, for commercial services, and for loans, and increasingly cut off from the flourishing agricultural regions of the Northwest, they faced the prospects of a growing free labor and abolitionist movement

get the same (or more) protection as Northern forms of property. With the emergence of the Republicans as the nation's first major sectional party by the mid-1850s, politics became the stage on which sectional tensions were played out. Although much of the West– the focal point of sectional tensions– was unfit for cotton cultivation, Southern secessionists read the political fallout as a sign that their power in national politics was rapidly weakening. Before, the slave system had been buttressed to an extent by the Democratic Party, which was increasingly seen as representing a more pro-Southern position that unfairly permitted Southerners

of the Appalachian Mountains, including the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and the coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan took command of the Union Army of the Potomac on July 26 (he was briefly general-in-chief of all the Union armies, but was subsequently relieved of that post in favor of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck), and the war began in earnest in 1862. The 1862 Union strategy called for simultaneous advances along four axes: The primary Confederate force in the Eastern theater was the Army of Northern

Origins of the American Civil War Historians debating the origins of the American Civil War focus on the reasons why seven Southern states declared their secession from the United States (the Union), why they united to form the Confederate States of America (simply known as the ""Confederacy""), and why the North refused to let them go. While most historians agree that conflicts over slavery caused the war, they disagree sharply regarding which kinds of conflict—ideological, economic, political, or social—were most important. The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, most immediately the political battle over the right of Southerners to bring

"1955 Masters Tournament"
victory margin of seven strokes was a tournament record for ten years, until Jack Nicklaus won by nine strokes over Arnold Palmer and Gary Player in 1965, later increased to twelve in 1997 by Tiger Woods. The previous record was five strokes, set in 1948 by Claude Harmon and tied by Hogan in 1953. The runner-up finish was Hogan's fourth at the Masters. Arnold Palmer, a professional for less than a year, finished tied for tenth in his first Masters. The Sarazen Bridge, approaching the left side of the 15th green, was dedicated on Wednesday to commemorate the 20th anniversary

"2018 PGA Championship"
same season. ""Sunday, August 12, 2018"" Brooks Koepka duplicated his Saturday score of 66 to win by two strokes ahead of runner-up Tiger Woods, who fired a 64 in the best final round of his career in a major. Koepka became the fifth American player to win three majors before the age of 29, joining Jack Nicklaus, Jordan Spieth, Tom Watson and Woods. His 72-hole score of 264 set the PGA Championship record (previously 265 set by David Toms in 2001) and equaled the lowest total in major championship history (set by Henrik Stenson at the 2016 Open Championship). ""Cumulative

"The Players Championship"
with pars by the victors. (The only playoff prior to the Stadium Course was in 1981; it also ended on the first hole with a par by the winner.) The 2015 playoff was the first for the three-hole aggregate and included three participants; two birdied 17 and the other player was eliminated after three holes. It went to sudden-death at 17 and became the first playoff at the Players to end with a birdie. The Players has yet to produce a successful title defense; victories in consecutive years. Jack Nicklaus won three of the first five events, but in alternating

"1948 U.S. Open (golf)"
second to win both titles in the same year, joining Gene Sarazen in 1922. Later winners of both were Jack Nicklaus in 1980 and Tiger Woods in 2000. Although Sam Snead held the lead by a stroke after 36 holes with a record 138, Hogan dominated the final two rounds, shooting 68-69 on Saturday for a total of 276 (−8), two shots ahead of runner-up Jimmy Demaret. Hogan decimated the U.S. Open scoring record (281 by Ralph Guldahl in 1937) by five strokes, and his three rounds in the 1960s was a tournament first. The scoring record stood for 19

"2018 Open Championship"
opened with 66 (−5) for a one-shot lead over Tony Finau, Zander Lombard, and Erik van Rooyen. Kisner was one-over after his first five holes before making a 40-foot eagle putt at the 6th. He made another 35-footer for birdie at the following hole, and added three straight birdies on the back-nine. Finau made eight birdies in his round to join Van Rooyen and Lombard in second place. Defending champion Jordan Spieth was 3-under before playing his final four holes in 4-over, including a double bogey at the 15th. He finished with 72 (+1). Three-time champion Tiger Woods, playing at

"Timeline of golf history (1945–99)"
black golfer to play in The Masters. The event is won by Jack Nicklaus, a fifth Masters victory which takes Jack clear of Arnold Palmer's record of four. Both the U.S. Open and the British Open are characterized by well-known third-round leaders suffering poor final rounds to allow relatively unknown players to pass them and win. At Medinah, Frank Beard gives away a three-shot overnight lead, and Lou Graham emerges victorious; at Carnoustie, South Africa's Bobby Cole — winner of the individual and team titles at the previous year's World Cup — is the victim, allowing Tom Watson to slip

"Jack Nicklaus"
a roll call vote. He then tried to rally opposition to the measure, but the vote passed easily over Massie's objection: 371–10. Nicklaus holds the record for PGA major championships with a total 18; Tiger Woods is in second place with 14. Nicklaus has the third most PGA Tour victories with 73, behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (80). Nicklaus also holds the record for the most wins at the Masters with six, and The Players Championship with three. He played on six Ryder Cup teams, captained the team twice and the Presidents Cup team four times, and topped

The error is caused initially by a wildly pushed second shot that ricochets off the grandstand and into thick rough, from where Van de Velde chops his third shot into a burn in front of the green. Van de Velde drops back into a playoff with Lawrie and Justin Leonard, who had also previously found the burn at the 72nd hole in an attempt to put pressure on Van de Velde. 23-year-old Tiger Woods wins his second major title, the PGA Championship, by a shot from 19-year-old Spaniard Sergio García. Despite losing, García hits the most memorable shot of the

"The Open Championship"
the three players in question being Player, Arnold Palmer, and Jack Nicklaus. Palmer first competed in 1960, when he came second to the little-known Australian Kel Nagle, but he won the next two years. While he was far from being the first American to become Open Champion, he was the first that many Americans saw win the tournament on television, and his charismatic success is often credited with persuading leading American golfers to make The Open an integral part of their schedule, rather than an optional extra. The improvement of trans-Atlantic travel also increased American participation. Nicklaus' victories came in

"1953 Open Championship"
of the year, Arnold Palmer (1960) and Jack Nicklaus (1972) were runners-up by a stroke. Tiger Woods won the Masters and U.S. Open in 2002, but shot 81-65 on the weekend to finish six strokes back at Muirfield, tied for 28th place. At St. Andrews in 2015, Jordan Spieth bogeyed the 71st hole (Road) and missed a three-man playoff by one stroke. Championship Course ^ The 6th hole was renamed ""Hogan's Alley"" in 2003 Did not enter: ""Wednesday, 8 July 1953"" Stranahan set the early pace with a first round of 70, with Eric Brown in 2nd with a 71.

Poverty in the United States Poverty is a state of deprivation, lacking the usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. The most common measure of poverty in the U.S. is the ""poverty threshold"" set by the U.S. government. This measure recognizes poverty as a lack of those goods and services commonly taken for granted by members of mainstream society. The official threshold is adjusted for inflation using the consumer price index. Most Americans will spend at least one year below the poverty line at some point between ages 25 and 75. Poverty rates are persistently higher in

of income cutoffs, or thresholds, adjusted for factors such as family size, sex of the family head, number of children under 18 years old, and farm or non-farm residence. The economy food plan (the least costly of four nutritionally adequate food plans designed by the Department of Agriculture) was at the core of this definition of poverty. At the time of creating the poverty definition, the Department of Agriculture found that families of three or more persons spent about one third of their after-tax income on food. For these families, poverty thresholds were set at three times the cost of

the cost of the food basket by a factor of three, under the assumption that the average family spent one third of its income on food. While the poverty threshold is updated for inflation every year, the basket of food used to determine what constitutes being deprived of a socially acceptable minimum standard of living has not been updated since 1955. As a result, the current poverty line only takes into account food purchases that were common more than 50 years ago, updating their cost using the Consumer Price Index. When methods similar to Orshansky's were used to update the

"Below Poverty Line"
Below Poverty Line Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, India's central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line. Internationally, an income of less than $1.90 per day per head of purchasing power parity is defined as extreme poverty.

"Poverty threshold"
when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain. In United States, the poverty thresholds are updated every year by Census Bureau. The threshold in United States are updated and used for statistical purposes. In 2015, in the United States, the poverty threshold for a single person under 65 was an annual income of US$11,770; the threshold for a family group of four, including two children, was US$24,250. According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released on 13 September 2011, the nation's poverty rate rose to 15.1 percent in 2010. In the UK, ""more than five million people

poverty among the elderly is 23%. The non-profit advocacy group Feeding America has released a study (May 2009) based on 2005–2007 data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Agriculture Department, which claims that 3.5 million children under the age of 5 are at risk of hunger in the United States. The study claims that in 11 states, Louisiana, which has the highest rate, followed by North Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky, Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Idaho and Arkansas, more than 20 percent of children under 5 are allegedly at risk of going hungry. (Receiving fewer than 1,800 calories

"The Art of War"
The Art of War The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 771 to 476 BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (""Master Sun"", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. ""The Art of War""

the state of Chu. The prominent strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the ""Art of War"". Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically. ""The Art of War"" appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely. In the early 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Sunzi's purported

Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, and American military general Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. have drawn inspiration from the book. ""The Art of War"" is traditionally attributed to a military general from the late 6th century BC known as ""Master Sun"" (""Sunzi"" or ""Sun Tzu""), though its earliest parts probably date to at least 100 years later. Sima Qian's 1st century BC work ""Records of the Grand Historian"" (""Shiji""), the first of China's 24 dynastic histories, records an early Chinese tradition stating that a text on military matters was written by a ""Sun Wu"" from the State of Qi, and that this text

"Sun Bin's Art of War"
Sun Bin's Art of War Sun Bin's Art of War is an ancient Chinese classic work on military strategy written by Sun Bin, an alleged descendant of Sun Tzu who served as a military strategist in the Qi state during the Warring States period. According to historical records from the Han Dynasty, ""Sun Bin's Art of War"" contained an extensive 89 chapters, with four volumes of pictures attached, but was lost by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a consequence, ""Sun Bin's Art of War"" is sometimes conflated with Sun Tzu's ""The Art of War"". In April 1972,

remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare. It has a profound influence on both Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. Numerous military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong,

fraud (mostly in the realm of commerce), Zhang Yingyu's The Book of Swindles (""Du pian xin shu"" 杜騙新書, ca. 1617), which dates to the late Ming dynasty. Many business books have applied the lessons taken from the book to office politics and corporate business strategy. Many Japanese companies make the book required reading for their key executives. The book is also popular among Western business circles citing its utilitarian value regarding management practices. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. The book has also been applied

"The Art of War (Machiavelli)"
The Art of War (Machiavelli) The Art of War () is a treatise by the Italian Renaissance political philosopher and historian Niccolò Machiavelli. The format of ""The Art of War"" is a socratic dialogue. The purpose, declared by Lord Fabrizio Colonna (perhaps Machiavelli's ""persona"") at the outset, ""To honor and reward ""virtù"", not to have contempt for poverty, to esteem the modes and orders of military discipline, to constrain citizens to love one another, to live without factions, to esteem less the private than the public good."" To these ends, Machiavelli notes in his preface, the military is like the

the many bamboo slip writings contained in the tombs, which had been sealed around 134 and 118 BC, respectively were two separate texts, one attributed to ""Sunzi"", corresponding to the received text, and another attributed to Sun Bin, which explains and expands upon the earlier ""The Art of War"" by Sunzi. The Sun Bin text's material overlaps with much of the ""Sunzi"" text, and the two may be ""a single, continuously developing intellectual tradition united under the Sun name"". This discovery showed that much of the historical confusion was due to the fact that there were two texts that could

had been read and studied by King Helü of Wu (r. 514–495 BC). This text was traditionally identified with the received ""Master Sun's Art of War"". The conventional viewwhich is still widely held in Chinawas that Sun Wu was a military theorist from the end of the Spring and Autumn period (776–471 BC) who fled his home state of Qi to the southeastern kingdom of Wu, where he is said to have impressed the king with his ability to train even dainty palace ladies in warfare and to have made Wu's armies powerful enough to challenge their western rivals in

parts: Sun Bin's Art of War Sun Bin's Art of War is an ancient Chinese classic work on military strategy written by Sun Bin, an alleged descendant of Sun Tzu who served as a military strategist in the Qi state during the Warring States period. According to historical records from the Han Dynasty, ""Sun Bin's Art of War"" contained an extensive 89 chapters, with four volumes of pictures attached, but was lost by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a consequence, ""Sun Bin's Art of War"" is sometimes conflated with Sun Tzu's ""The Art of War"". In April

"Indian classical music"
in North India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It exists in four major forms: Dhrupad, Khyal (or Khayal), Tarana, and the semi-classical Thumri. Dhrupad is ancient, Khyal evolved from it, Thumri evolved from Khyal. There are three major schools of Thumri: Lucknow gharana, Banaras gharana and Punjabi gharana. These weave in folk music innovations. Tappa is the most folksy, one which likely existed in Rajasthan and Punjab region before it was systematized and integrated into classical music structure. It became popular, with the Bengali musicians developing their own Tappa. Khyal is the modern form of Hindustani music, and the term literally means

"Music of India"
of the Mughals. Classical genres are dhrupad, dhamar, khyal, tarana and sadra, and there are also several semi-classical forms. Carnatic music can be traced to the 14th - 15th centuries AD and thereafter. It originated in South India during the rule of Vijayanagar Empire. Like Hindustani music, it is melodic, with improvised variations, but tends to have more fixed compositions. It consists of a composition with improvised embellishments added to the piece in the forms of ""Raga Alapana"", ""Kalpanaswaram"", ""Neraval"" and, in the case of more advanced students, Raga, Tala, Pallavi. The main emphasis is on the vocals as most

world's oldest and most elaborate. The two main traditions of Indian classical music are Carnatic music, which is found predominantly in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, which is found in the northern, eastern and central regions. The basic concepts of this music includes ""shruti"" (microtones), ""swaras"" (notes), ""alankar"" (ornamentations), ""raga"" (melodies improvised from basic grammars), and ""tala"" (rhythmic patterns used in percussion). Its tonal system divides the octave into 22 segments called Shrutis, not all equal but each roughly equal to a quarter of a whole tone of the Western music. The tradition of Hindustani music dates back to

"Indian classical dance"
are traditionally regional, all of them include music and recitation in local language or Sanskrit, and they represent a unity of core ideas in a diversity of styles, costumes and expression. Indian classical dance is made from India and classical dance is played by various actors. The ""Natya Shastra"" is the foundational treatise for classical dances of India, and this text is attributed to the ancient scholar Bharata Muni. Its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text

As a religious art, they are either performed inside the sanctum of a Hindu temple, or near it. Folksy entertainment may also be performed in temple grounds or any fairground, typically in a rural setting by traveling troupes of artists; alternatively, they have been performed inside the halls of royal courts or public squares during festivals. The Natya Shastra mentions four ""Pravrittis"" (traditions, genres) of ancient dance-drama in vogue when it was composed – ""Avanti"" (Ujjain, central), ""Dakshinatya"" (south), ""Panchali"" (north, west) and ""Odra-Magadhi"" (Odisha-Bihar-Bengal, east). Sources differ in their list of Indian classical dance forms. Encyclopædia Britannica mentions six

"Dance in India"
Dance in India Dance in India comprises numerous styles of dances, generally classified as classical or folk. As with other aspects of Indian culture, different forms of dances originated in different parts of India, developed according to the local traditions and also imbibed elements from other parts of the country. Sangeet Natya Academy, the national academy for performing arts in India, recognizes eight traditional dances as Indian classical dances, while other sources and scholars recognize more. These have roots in the Sanskrit text ""Natya Shastra"", and the religious performance arts of Hinduism. Folk dances are numerous in number and style

Music of India The music of India includes multiple varieties of classical music, folk music, filmi, Indian rock and Indian pop. India's classical music tradition, including Hindustani music and Carnatic, has a history spanning millennia and developed over several areas. Music in India began as an integral part of socio-religious life. The 30,000 years old paleolithic and neolithic cave paintings at the UNESCO world heritage site at Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh shows music instruments and dance. Dancing Girl sculpture (2500 BCE) was found from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) site. There are IVC-era paintings on pottery of a

of the Natyashastra and all classical dances are performed only in accordance with them. Dating back to 1000 BC, ""barathanatyam"" is a classical dance from the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, practiced predominantly in modern times by women. The dance is usually accompanied by classical Carnatic music. Bharatnatyam is a major genre of Indian classical dance that originated in the Hindu temples of Tamil Nadu and neighboring regions. Traditionally, Bharatanatyam has been a solo dance that was performed exclusively by women, and expressed Hindu religious themes and spiritual ideas, particularly of Shaivism, but also of Vaishnavism and Shaktism. Bharatanatyam

of the ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent (modern Bangladesh, India, Pakistan) were a generally integrated system through the 14th century, after which the socio-political turmoil of the Delhi Sultanate era isolated the north from the south. The music traditions of the North and South India were not considered distinct until about the 16th century, but after that the traditions acquired distinct forms. North Indian classical music is called ""Hindustani"", while the South Indian expression is called ""Carnatic"" (sometimes spelled as ""Karnatic""). According to Nazir Ali Jairazbhoy, the North Indian tradition acquired its modern form after the 14th or the 15th

and other classical dances in India were ridiculed and suppressed during the colonial British Raj era. In the post-colonial period, it has grown to become the most popular classical Indian dance style in India and abroad, and is considered to be synonymous with Indian dance by many foreigners unaware of the diversity of dances and performance arts in Indian culture. Kathakali (""katha"", “story”; ""kali"", “performance”) is a highly stylized classical dance-drama form which originated from Kerala in the 17th century. This classical dance form is another ""story play"" genre of art, but one distinguished by its elaborately colorful make-up, costumes

received mixed reviews among Kentucky fans who have historically enjoyed a faster, higher-scoring style of play under previous coaches. Smith was also under pressure from Kentucky fans to recruit better players. After leading Kentucky to one National Championship in 1998, Kentucky would complete a perfect 16–0 regular season conference record in 2003, win five SEC regular season championships (1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005) and five SEC Tournament titles (1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004). Smith led the Wildcats to six Sweet Sixteen appearances (1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005) and four Elite Eight appearances (1998, 1999, 2003, 2005) in his ten

"Kentucky Wildcats"
1951 and 1958. The Wildcats later won a fifth championship under Joe B. Hall in 1978, another in 1996 under Rick Pitino, in 1998 under Orlando ""Tubby"" Smith, and its most recent in 2012 under Coach John Calipari. Calipari has been the coach since the 2009–10 season. In 2007, the university unveiled the Joe Craft Center, a $30 million state-of-the-art basketball practice facility for both the men's and women's teams. Considered to be an elite NCAA basketball program, the University of Kentucky men's basketball team is the winningest program in the history of college basketball. The team was the first

Tournament history. In the regional final Kentucky narrowly defeated Notre Dame 68 to 66. The only loss of the season was in the Final Four to Wisconsin, who Kentucky defeated the previous season in the Final Four. The 2014–15 team tied the NCAA record for most wins in a season (38). After the season Cauley-Stein and Towns were named consensus All-Americans among other awards received. The Wildcats have had 22 coaches in their 112-year history. John Calipari is the current coach. To date, 6 Wildcats coaches have won the National Coach-of-the-Year award: Adolph Rupp in 1950, 1954, 1959, 1966, and

birth in a 106-100 shootout against Jacksonville. Rupp was forced into retirement in March 1972, after reaching age 70. At the time, this was the mandatory retirement age for all University of Kentucky employees. He was a 5-time National Coach-of-the-Year award winner, a 7-time Conference Coach-of-the-Year award winner, and was elected a member of both the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and College Basketball Hall of Fame. Further, since 1972, the Adolph Rupp Trophy, considered one of the nation's premier basketball awards, has been given by Commonwealth Athletic Club to the nation's top men's college basketball player. In addition,

only school to win consecutive championships on multiple occasions, having done so four times (1987–1988, 1995–2002, 2004–2006, and 2008–2010). They have won championships in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014; have also placed second four times, and have finished in the top ten every year since the existence of the UCA National College Championships. The squad has been featured on the ""CBS Evening News"", Connie Chung's ""Eye to Eye"", and the ""CBS Morning Show"", NBC's ""The Today Show"", in ""Southern Living"" and ""Gentlemen's Quarterly"", ""ESPN

and these three players. On October 20, 1951, Alex Groza, Ralph Beard, and Dale Barnstable were arrested for taking bribes from gamblers to shave points during several games including the National Invitation Tournament game against the Loyola Ramblers in the 1948–49 season. At the conclusion of this scandal, a subsequent NCAA investigation found that Kentucky had committed several rule violations, including giving illegal spending money to players on several occasions, and also allowing some ineligible athletes to compete. As a result, the Southeastern Conference voted to ban Kentucky from competing for a year and the NCAA requested all other basketball-playing

2nd place all-time with UCLA), 12 NCAA Championship games, and has won 8 NCAA championships (second only to UCLA's 11). In addition to these titles, Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in both 1946 and 1976, making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships. Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty-two 20-win seasons, fifteen 30-win seasons, and six 35-win seasons. Throughout its history, the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players, both on the collegiate level and the professional level. Kentucky holds the record for the most NBA Draft selections (125) as

ever Division I squad to reach 2,000 victories after defeating Drexel University on December 21, 2009. Kentucky also leads all NCAA schools in all-time winning percentage (.762) with an all-time record of 2111–661. The men's team has earned a total of eight NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships, second only to UCLA's eleven championships. UK's eight championships were won by five different coaches – Adolph Rupp in 1948, 1949, 1951 and 1958, Joe B. Hall in 1978, Rick Pitino in 1996, Tubby Smith in 1998, and John Calipari in 2012. Kentucky's 1933 and 1954 teams were also awarded the Helms

ranking in the country, the highest in the team's history. The team is currently coached by Matthew Mitchell, named as the SEC Coach of the Year in 2010 after leading the 2009–10 team to a surprising 28–8 season in which they set school records for best start, most consecutive SEC wins, best SEC finish, and most wins in a season, culminating in their first NCAA regional final since 1982. The team also had the conference Player of the Year in Victoria Dunlap and Freshman of the Year in A'dia Mathies. Kentucky plays at Kroger Field (formerly Commonwealth Stadium from 1973-2017),

"Michael Phelps"
Michael Phelps Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American retired competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23), Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16). When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Phelps had already tied the record

"Steve Redgrave"
Steve Redgrave Sir Steven Geoffrey Redgrave (born on 23 March 1962) is a retired British rower who won gold medals at five consecutive Olympic Games from 1984 to 2000. He has also won three Commonwealth Games gold medals and nine World Rowing Championships golds. He is the most successful male rower in Olympic history, and the only man to have won gold medals at five Olympic Games in an endurance sport. Redgrave is regarded as one of Britain's greatest-ever Olympians. As of 2016 he is the fourth most decorated British Olympian after cyclists Sir Chris Hoy, Jason Kenny and Sir

"Usain Bolt"
Usain Bolt Usain St Leo Bolt (; born 21 August 1986) is a Jamaican retired sprinter and world record holder in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay. His reign as Olympic Games champion in all of these events spans three Olympics. Owing to his achievements and dominance in sprint competition, he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. A nine-time Olympic gold medalist, Bolt won the 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay at three consecutive Olympic Games, although he lost the 2008 relay gold medal about nine

"Paavo Nurmi"
in running. He also set many more unofficial ones for a total of 58. His indoor world records were all unofficial as the IAAF did not ratify indoor records until the 1980s. Nurmi's record for most Olympic gold medals was matched by gymnast Larisa Latynina in 1964, swimmer Mark Spitz in 1972 and fellow track and field athlete Carl Lewis in 1996, and broken by swimmer Michael Phelps in 2008. Nurmi's record for most medals in the Olympic Games stood until Edoardo Mangiarotti won his 13th medal in fencing in 1960. ""Time"" selected Nurmi as the greatest Olympian of all

"Peter Pan (1953 film)"
of Disney's Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. It is also the second Disney animated film starring Kathryn Beaumont, Heather Angel, and Bill Thompson after their roles in the animated feature ""Alice in Wonderland"". The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. A sequel titled ""Return to Never Land"" was released in 2002, and a series of direct-to-DVD prequels produced by DisneyToon Studios focusing on Tinker Bell began in 2008. In London, circa 1900, George and Mary Darling's preparations to attend a party are disrupted by the antics of their boys, John and Michael, acting out

Peter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the play ""Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up"" by J. M. Barrie. It is the 14th Disney animated feature film and was originally released on February 5, 1953, by RKO Radio Pictures. ""Peter Pan"" is the final Disney animated feature released through RKO before Walt Disney's founding of his own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution, later in 1953 after the film was released. ""Peter Pan"" is also the final Disney film in which all nine members

"Peter Pan (2003 film)"
Peter Pan (2003 film) Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play ""Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up"" in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel

Hancock Peter Pan (2003 film) Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play ""Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up"" in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan,

"Peter Pan (1988 film)"
Peter Pan (1988 film) Peter Pan is an Australian 50-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia. It was originally released in 1988. The film is based on J. M. Barrie's play, ""Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up"", first produced in 1904, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. The film was produced by Roz Phillips and featured music composed by John Stuart. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment and administered by digital rights management firm NuTech Digital. Every night before going to sleep, the Darling children, Wendy, John, and Michael,

solve various puzzles and collect special objects for special prizes and bonus points. The game received mixed reviews overall with Gamezone giving it a 6.4/10, Cubed3 giving it a 5.2/10, and Nintendo Power giving it a 2.2/5. Cubed3 criticised the game for the bad dialogue and repetitive and rushed gameplay, but praising the graphics and sound. This film was released in theatres on 22 November 2003 in Australia, on 24 December 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 25 December 2003 in the United States of America and Canada. On March 2004, The film was released on VHS and DVD

"Pan (2015 film)"
Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 American fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs. The film serves as a prequel to ""Peter and Wendy"" from Scottish author J. M. Barrie, which was first staged in 1904, and focuses on an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook. It stars Levi Miller as the title character, along with Hugh Jackman, Garrett Hedlund, Rooney Mara, and Amanda Seyfried. ""Pan""'s world premiere was held in London on September 20, 2015, and it was theatrically released in the United States on October 9, 2015, by Warner Bros.

2013 after several pilot productions. This was Disney's first ""Peter Pan"" film. In the early 2000s, a ""Peter Pan"" franchise was spawned, involving a number of other animation projects: Following the studio's success of live-action adaptations of Disney cartoon films including ""Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast"", Disney announced that a live action ""Peter Pan"" movie is in development, with David Lowery directing and co-writing with Toby Halbrooks. On July 31, 2018, it was announced that it may air on the Disney+ instead. Peter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure

"Peter Pan (1954 musical)"
Peter Pan (1954 musical) Peter Pan is a musical based on J. M. Barrie's 1904 play ""Peter Pan"" and Barrie's own novelization of it, ""Peter and Wendy"". The music is mostly by Mark ""Moose"" Charlap, with additional music by Jule Styne, and most of the lyrics were written by Carolyn Leigh, with additional lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. The original 1954 Broadway production, starring Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard as Captain Hook, earned Tony Awards for both stars. It was followed by NBC telecasts of it in 1955, 1956, and 1960 with the same stars, plus

action sequences, vivid costumes and well-executed special effects"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""B+"" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 78% overall positive score. Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 American fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs. The film serves as a prequel to ""Peter and Wendy"" from Scottish author J. M. Barrie, which was first staged in 1904, and focuses on an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook. It stars Levi Miller as the title character, along

SAT
test administrations. The SAT is offered seven times a year in the United States: in August, October, November, December, March, May, and June. For international students SAT is offered four times a year out of USA: in October,December,March and May.The test is typically offered on the first Saturday of the month for the October, November, December, May, and June administrations. The test was taken by 2,136,539 high school graduates in the class of 2018. Candidates wishing to take the test may register online at the College Board's website or by mail at least three weeks before the test date. The

SAT
at the time of registration and are subject to denial. Students with verifiable disabilities, including physical and learning disabilities, are eligible to take the SAT with accommodations. The standard time increase for students requiring additional time due to learning disabilities or physical handicaps is time + 50%; time + 100% is also offered. Students receive their online score reports approximately three weeks after test administration (six weeks for mailed, paper scores), with each section graded on a scale of 200–800 and two sub scores for the writing section: the essay score and the multiple choice sub score. In addition to

"Transport maximum"
Transport maximum In physiology, transport maximum (alternatively Tm or T) refers to the point at which increases in concentration of a substance do not result in an increase in movement of a substance across a cell membrane. In renal physiology, the concept of transport maximum is often discussed in the context of glucose and PAH. For both substances (as with all substances), the quantity ""excreted"" can be determined with the following equation: The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron has protein channels that reabsorb glucose, and others that secrete para-aminohippuric acid (PAH). However, its ability to do so is proportionate

DUT1
DUT1 The time correction DUT1 (sometimes also written DUT) is the difference between Universal Time (UT1), which is defined by Earth's rotation, and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is defined by a network of precision atomic clocks. UTC is maintained via leap seconds, such that DUT1 remains within the range −0.9 s < DUT1 < +0.9 s. The reason for this correction is partly that the rate of rotation of the Earth is not constant, due to tidal braking and the redistribution of mass within the Earth, including its oceans and atmosphere, and partly because the SI second (as now

SAT
test taker for the math test. A subscore (on a scale of 1 to 15) is reported for each of three categories of math content: ""Heart of Algebra"" (linear equations, systems of linear equations, and linear functions), ""Problem Solving and Data Analysis"" (statistics, modeling, and problem-solving skills), and ""Passport to Advanced Math"" (non-linear expressions, radicals, exponentials and other topics that form the basis of more advanced math). A test score for the math test is reported on a scale of 10 to 40, and a section score (equal to the test score multiplied by 20) is reported on a scale

"Total air temperature"
or ram air temperature (RAT) Static air temperature (SAT) is also called: outside air temperature (OAT) or true air temperature The difference between TAT and SAT is called ram rise (RR) and is caused by compressibility and friction of the air at high velocities. (2) :formula_7 In practice the ram rise is negligible for aircraft flying at (true) airspeeds under Mach 0.2 For airspeeds (TAS) over Mach 0.2, as airspeed increases the temperature exceeds that of still air. This is caused by a combination of kinetic (friction) heating and adiabatic compression The total of kinetic heating and adiabatic temperature change

to the channel proteins available for the transport. In practice, the transport maximum is not all-or-nothing. As the concentration approaches the transport maximum, some of the channels are overwhelmed before others are. For example, with glucose, some sugar appears in the urine at levels much lower than 300 mg/dL. The point at which the effects start to appear is called ""threshold"", and the difference between threshold and transport maximum is called ""splay"". Transport maximum In physiology, transport maximum (alternatively Tm or T) refers to the point at which increases in concentration of a substance do not result in an increase

"SAT Subject Tests"
introduction in 1937 until 1994, the SAT Subject Tests were known as Achievement Tests, and until January 2005, they were known as SAT II: Subject Tests. They are still commonly known by these names. Every test is now a one-hour timed test. Historically, the exception to the one-hour time was the writing test, which was divided into a 20-minute essay question and a 40-minute multiple-choice section. The writing test was discontinued in January 2005. A student may take up to three SAT Subject Tests on any given date at a flat rate. There is a per-administration registration fee, plus a

SAT
The test is intended to assess students' readiness for college. The SAT was originally designed not to be aligned with high school curricula, but several adjustments were made for the version of the SAT introduced in 2016, and College Board president, David Coleman, has said that he also wanted to make the test reflect more closely what students learned in high school. On March 5, 2014, the College Board announced that a redesigned version of the SAT would be administered for the first time in 2016. The current SAT, introduced in 2016, takes three hours to finish, plus 50 minutes

asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere (crust and upper mantle). Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges. At a spreading center, basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new seabed. Hydrothermal vents are common at spreading centers. Older rocks will be found farther away from the

tens of kilometers wide, a crustal accretion zone within the boundary zone where the ocean crust is youngest, and an instantaneous plate boundary - a line within the crustal accretion zone demarcating the two separating plates. Within the crustal accretion zone is a 1-2 km-wide neovolcanic zone where active volcanism occurs. In the general case, sea floor spreading starts as a rift in a continental land mass, similar to the Red Sea-East Africa Rift System today. The process starts by heating at the base of the continental crust which causes it to become more plastic and less dense. Because less

~ Tx/L, where L is the distance between the ridge to the continental shelf (roughly half the ocean width), and T is the ocean age. Seafloor spreading Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ""ploughed"" through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess

As new seafloor forms and spreads apart from the mid-ocean ridge it slowly cools over time. Older seafloor is therefore colder than new seafloor, and older oceanic basins deeper than new oceanic basins due to isostasy. If the diameter of the earth remains relatively constant despite the production of new crust, a mechanism must exist by which crust is also destroyed. The destruction of oceanic crust occurs at subduction zones where oceanic crust is forced under either continental crust or oceanic crust. Today, the Atlantic basin is actively spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Only a small portion of the oceanic

driver for seafloor spreading in plates with active margins is the weight of the cool, dense, subducting slabs that pull them along. The magmatism at the ridge is considered to be ""passive upswelling"", which is caused by the plates being pulled apart under the weight of their own slabs. This can be thought of as analogous to a rug on a table with little friction: when part of the rug is off of the table, its weight pulls the rest of the rug down with it. The depth of the seafloor (or the height of a location on a mid-ocean

at fast rates an axial high is found within the crustal accretion zone. The differences in spreading rates affect not only the geometries of the ridges but also the geochemistry of the basalts that are produced. Since the new oceanic basins are shallower than the old oceanic basins, the total capacity of the world's ocean basins decreases during times of active sea floor spreading. During the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, sea level was so high that a Western Interior Seaway formed across North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (and in

crust produced in the Atlantic is subducted. However, the plates making up the Pacific Ocean are experiencing subduction along many of their boundaries which causes the volcanic activity in what has been termed the Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific is also home to one of the world's most active spreading centers (the East Pacific Rise) with spreading rates of up to 13 cm/yr. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a ""textbook"" slow-spreading center, while the East Pacific Rise is used as an example of fast spreading. Spreading centers at slow and intermediate rates exhibit a rift valley while

other areas), material from the upper mantle rises through the faults between oceanic plates to form new crust as the plates move away from each other, a phenomenon first observed as continental drift. When Alfred Wegener first presented a hypothesis of continental drift in 1912, he suggested that continents ploughed through the ocean crust. This was impossible: oceanic crust is both more dense and more rigid than continental crust. Accordingly, Wegener's theory wasn't taken very seriously, especially in the United States. Since then, it has been shown that the motion of the continents is linked to seafloor spreading by the

theory of plate tectonics. In the 1960s, the past record of geomagnetic reversals was noticed by observing the magnetic stripe ""anomalies"" on the ocean floor. This results in broadly evident ""stripes"" from which the past magnetic field polarity can be inferred by looking at the data gathered from simply towing a magnetometer on the sea surface or from an aircraft. The stripes on one side of the mid-ocean ridge were the mirror image of those on the other side. The seafloor must have originated on the Earth's great fiery welts, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. The

"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma"
World War: In 1940 Dilly Knox wanted to establish whether the Italian Navy were still using the same system that he had cracked during the Spanish Civil War; he instructed his assistants to use rodding to see whether the crib ""PERX"" (""per"" being Italian for ""for"" and ""X"" being used to indicate a space between words) worked for the first part of the message. After three months there was no success, but Mavis Lever, a 19-year-old student, found that rodding produced ""PERS"" for the first four letters of one message. She then (against orders) tried beyond this and obtained ""PERSONALE""

"Georges Painvin"
Georges Painvin Georges Jean Painvin (; 28 January 1886 – 21 January 1980) was a French cryptanalyst during the First World War. His most notable achievement was the breaking of the ADFGVX cipher in June 1918. Before the First World War, Painvin taught paleontology and geology as well as playing the cello as a hobby. He performed cryptanalytic work for the French army after a chance encounter with a member of the French Bureau de Chiffre. In June 1918, the German army was preparing for a final push to cover the 100 kilometres that separated it from Paris. The Allies

implementing logical operations—and who was regarded by many as a genius—had started work for GC&CS on a part-time basis from about the time of the Munich Crisis in 1938. Gordon Welchman, another Cambridge mathematician, had also received initial training in 1938, and they both reported to Bletchley Park on 4 September 1939, the day after Britain declared war on Germany. Most of the Polish success had relied on the repetition within the indicator. But as soon as Turing moved to Bletchley Park—where he initially joined Dilly Knox in the research section—he set about seeking methods that did not rely on

"Joan Clarke"
Joan Clarke Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (""née"" Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist best known for her work as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Though she did not personally seek the spotlight, her role in the Enigma project that decrypted Nazi Germany's secret communications earned her awards and citations, such as appointment as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), in 1946. Joan Elisabeth Lowther Clarke was born on 24 June 1917 in West Norwood, London, England. She was the youngest child of

"Gwido Langer"
Gwido Langer Lt. Col. Karol Gwido Langer (Zsolna, Austria-Hungary, 2 September 1894 – 30 March 1948, Kinross, Scotland) was, from at least mid-1931, chief of the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau, which from December 1932 decrypted Germany's military Enigma-machine ciphers. Poland's prewar achievements paved the way for Britain's World War II Ultra secret. Langer was born in Zsolna, Upper Hungary (today Žilina in Slovakia) but spent his childhood in Cieszyn in Silesia, where his family came from. By then, according to Polish military historian Władysław Kozaczuk, the Bureau had been formed by merger of the Radio Intelligence Office and the

"Gustave Bertrand"
Gustave Bertrand Gustave Bertrand (1896–1976) was a French military intelligence officer who made a vital contribution to the decryption, by Poland's Cipher Bureau, of German Enigma ciphers, beginning in December 1932. This achievement would in turn lead to Britain's celebrated World War II Ultra operation. Bertrand joined the French military as a private in 1914 and was wounded in 1915 at the Dardanelles. From 1926, he worked in radio intelligence. In the 1920s, French radio intelligence was decentralized. Decryption of foreign, chiefly German and Italian, ciphers and codes was the responsibility of a General Staff cryptology department, while radio monitoring

"Francis Raven"
Francis Raven Francis Raven (April 26, 1914 - December 1983) was an American cryptologist and an early employee of the National Security Agency. He helped to crack many codes to assist the United States during World War II. He also helped the NSA's training program by creating two cryptology courses. He graduated from Yale University in 1934 and joined the United States Navy as a reserve officer, where he was assigned to the Naval Security Group. His commission was reactivated in 1940 and he rejoined the NSG, working on Japanese problems with Agnes Driscoll. After a brief period working on

years because of the secrecy that surrounded his work. He died in 1980. Georges Painvin Georges Jean Painvin (; 28 January 1886 – 21 January 1980) was a French cryptanalyst during the First World War. His most notable achievement was the breaking of the ADFGVX cipher in June 1918. Before the First World War, Painvin taught paleontology and geology as well as playing the cello as a hobby. He performed cryptanalytic work for the French army after a chance encounter with a member of the French Bureau de Chiffre. In June 1918, the German army was preparing for a final

codes were being broken. Despite some worthwhile collaboration amongst the cryptanalysts, their superiors took some time to achieve a trusting relationship in which both British and American bombes were used to mutual benefit. In February 1941, Captain Abraham Sinkov and Lieutenant Leo Rosen of the US Army, and Lieutenants Robert Weeks and Prescott Currier of the US Navy, arrived at Bletchley Park, bringing, amongst other things, a replica of the 'Purple' cipher machine for Bletchley Park's Japanese section in Hut 7. The four returned to America after ten weeks, with a naval radio direction finding unit and many documents, including

"Marian Rejewski"
Marian Rejewski Marian Adam Rejewski (; 16 August 1905 – 13 February 1980) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who reconstructed the Nazi German military Enigma cipher machine sight-unseen in 1932. The cryptologic achievements of Rejewski and colleagues Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski enabled the British to begin reading German Enigma-encrypted messages at the start of World War II, seven years after Rejewski's original reconstruction of the machine. The intelligence that was gained by the British from Enigma decrypts formed part of what was code-named Ultra and contributed—perhaps decisively—to the defeat of Germany. In 1929, while studying mathematics at Poznań

Trudell and dusted with the trials and tribulations of Tom Joad – Steinbeck and ""The Grapes of Wrath""."" Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent the aeolian processes (wind erosion) caused the phenomenon. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the

were distributed through local relief channels. Cotton goods were later included, to clothe the needy. In 1935, the federal government formed a Drought Relief Service (DRS) to coordinate relief activities. The DRS bought cattle in counties which were designated emergency areas, for $14 to $20 a head. Animals determined unfit for human consumption were killed; at the beginning of the program, more than 50 percent were so designated in emergency areas. The DRS assigned the remaining cattle to the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation (FSRC) to be used in food distribution to families nationwide. Although it was difficult for farmers to

quickly initiated programs to conserve soil and restore the ecological balance of the nation. Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes established the Soil Erosion Service in August 1933 under Hugh Hammond Bennett. In 1935, it was transferred and reorganized under the Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service. It is now known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). As part of New Deal programs, Congress passed the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act in 1936, requiring landowners to share the allocated government subsidies with the laborers who worked on their farms. Under the law, ""benefit payments were continued

because of farming practices at the time. The drought dried the topsoil and over time it became friable, reduced to a powdery consistency in some places. Without the indigenous grasses in place, the high winds that occur on the plains picked up the topsoil and created the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period. The persistent dry weather caused crops to fail, leaving the plowed fields exposed to wind erosion. The fine soil of the Great Plains was easily eroded and carried east by strong continental winds. On November 11, 1933, a very strong dust storm stripped topsoil

Dipeptide
Dipeptide A dipeptide is an organic compound derived from two amino acids. The amino acids can be the same or different. When different, two isomers of the dipeptide are possible, depending on the sequence. Similar descriptions apply to tripeptide (three amino acid residues, two peptide bonds), tetrapeptide, and so on; longer chains are called oligopeptide, polypeptide, protein. Dipeptides are produced by coupling amino acids. The amino group on one amino acid is rendered non-nucleophilic (P in eq) and the carboxylic acid group in the second amino acid is deactivated as its methyl ester. The two modified amino acids are then

Dipeptide
combined in the presence of a coupling agent, which facilitates formation of the amide bond: Subsequent to this coupling reaction, the amine protecting group P and the ester are converted to the free amine and carboxylic acid, respectively. For many amino acids, the ancillary functional groups are protected. The condensation of the amine and the carboxylic acid to form the peptide bond generally employs coupling agents to activate the carboxylic acid. The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides. Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase.

DIPAMP
was originally prepared by an oxidative coupling, starting from anisyl(phenyl)(methyl)phosphine. DIPAMP DIPAMP is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis. It is a white solid that dissolves in organic solvents. Work on this compound by W. S. Knowles was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. DIPAMP was the basis for of the first industrial scale asymmetric hydrogenation, the synthesis of the drug -DOPA. DIPAMP is a C-symmetric diphosphine. Each phosphorus centre, which is pyramidal, bears three different substituents - anisyl, phenyl, and the ethylene group. The ligand therefore exists as the enantiomeric (""R"",""R"") and

DIPAMP
DIPAMP DIPAMP is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis. It is a white solid that dissolves in organic solvents. Work on this compound by W. S. Knowles was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. DIPAMP was the basis for of the first industrial scale asymmetric hydrogenation, the synthesis of the drug -DOPA. DIPAMP is a C-symmetric diphosphine. Each phosphorus centre, which is pyramidal, bears three different substituents - anisyl, phenyl, and the ethylene group. The ligand therefore exists as the enantiomeric (""R"",""R"") and (""S"",""S"") pair, as well as the achiral meso isomer. DIPAMP

Diphosphenes
Diphosphenes Diphosphene is a kind of organophosphorus compound that has a phosphorus-phosphorus double bond, denoted by R-P=P-R'. These compounds are not common but are of theoretical interest. Normally, compounds with the empirical formula RP exist as rings. However, like other multiple bonds between heavy main-group elements, P=P double bonds can be stabilized by a large steric hindrance from the substitutions. The first isolated diphosphene bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene was exemplified by Masaaki Yoshifuji and his coworkers in 1981, in which diphosphene is stabilized by two bulky phenyl group. In 1877, Köhler and Michaelis claimed that they synthesized the first isolated diphosphene (PhP=PPh). However,

Disproportionation
Disproportionation Disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which a compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two different compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. Although not widely accepted, disproportionation is sometimes used to describe any desymmetrizing reaction of the following type: 2 A → A' + A"", regardless of any redox process. Mercury(I) chloride disproportionates upon UV-irradiation: Phosphorous acid disproportionates upon heating to give phosphoric acid and phosphine: As mentioned above, desymmetrizing reactions are sometimes referred to as disproportionation, as illustrated by the thermal degradation of bicarbonate: The oxidation numbers remain constant in

Diphosphane
Diphosphane Diphosphane is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PH. This colourless liquid is one of several binary phosphorus hydrides. It is the impurity that typically causes samples of phosphine to ignite in air. An older name is ""diphosphine"". Diphosphane adopts the gauche conformation (like hydrazine, less symmetrical than shown in the image) with a P-P distance of 2.219 angstroms. It is nonbasic, unstable at room temperature, and spontaneously flammable in air. It is only poorly soluble in water but dissolves in organic solvents. Its H NMR spectrum consists of 32 lines resulting from an AXX'A' splitting system. Diphosphane

this acid-base reaction. This process is also called autoionization. Another variant on disproportionation is radical disproportionation, in which two radicals form an alkane and alkene. The reverse of disproportionation, when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed from precursors of lower and higher oxidation states, is called comproportionation, also known as synproportionation. The first disproportionation reaction to be studied in detail was: This was examined using tartrates by Johan Gadolin in 1788. In the Swedish version of his paper he called it 'söndring'. In 1937, Hans Adolf Krebs, who discovered the citric acid cycle bearing his name, confirmed

Decarboxylation
of an ester. In ketonic decarboxylation a carboxylic acid is converted to a ketone. Hydrodecarboxylations involve the conversion of a carboxylic acid to the corresponding hydrocarbon. This is conceptually the same as the more general term ""decarboxylation"" as defined above except that it specifically requires that the carboxyl group is, as expected, replaced by a hydrogen. The reaction is especially common in conjunction with the malonic ester synthesis and Knoevenagel condensations. The reaction involves the conjugate base of the carboxyl group, a carboxylate ion, and an unsaturated receptor of electron density, such as a protonated carbonyl group. Where reactions entail

"Condensation reaction"
Condensation reaction A condensation reaction is a class of an organic addition reaction that proceeds in a step-wise fashion to produce the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and a water molecule (hence named condensation). The reaction may otherwise involve the formation of ammonia, ethanol, or acetic acid. It is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life as it is essential to the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Many variations

where does the un security council get troops for military actions

Peacekeeping
peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. The United Nations is not the only organisation to implement peacekeeping missions. Non-UN peacekeeping forces include the NATO mission in Kosovo (with United Nations authorisation) and the Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula or the ones organised by the European Union (like EUFOR RCA, with UN authorisation) and the African Union (like the African Union Mission in Sudan). The Nonviolent Peaceforce is one NGO widely considered to have expertise in general peacemaking

"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1542"
the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) called for in Resolution 1529 (2004) for an initial period of six months, with the intention to renew for further periods. In accordance with the Secretary-General's report, the Council decided MINUSTAH would consist of a civilian and a military component which would cooperate with the OAS, CARICOM and other organisations. The resolution goes on to set out the mandate of MINUSTAH in areas including providing a secure and stable environment, human rights and supporting the political process in Haiti. The Force consists of troops from up to 17 countries including Argentina, Bolivia,

"United Nations peacekeeping"
forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly, UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. The United Nations Charter gives the United Nations Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations through Chapter VII authorizations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the

assembled, a variety of diplomatic activities are being undertaken by UN staff. The exact size and strength of the force must be agreed to by the government of the nation whose territory the conflict is on. The Rules of Engagement must be developed and approved by both the parties involved and the Security Council. These give the specific mandate and scope of the mission (e.g. when may the peacekeepers, if armed, use force, and where may they go within the host nation). Often, it will be mandated that peacekeepers have host government minders with them whenever they leave their base.

the total, almost 44,000 units. Every peacekeeping mission is authorized by the Security Council. Once a peace treaty has been negotiated, the parties involved might ask the United Nations for a peacekeeping force to oversee various elements of the agreed upon plan. This is often done because a group controlled by the United Nations is less likely to follow the interests of any one party, since it itself is controlled by many groups, namely the 15-member Security Council and the intentionally diverse United Nations Secretariat. If the Security Council approves the creation of a mission, then the Department of Peacekeeping

the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission. UN peacekeepers have also drawn criticism in several postings. Peacekeepers have been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, or sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and what is now South Sudan, Burundi and Ivory Coast. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the 2010–2013 Haiti cholera outbreak, which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The budget for peacekeeping is assessed separately

"United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations"
to be ready and available for troops on the ground. Less time duplicating work allows for more time to think of broader trends in security and employing preventative measures for future threats and streamlined transportation efforts. The bulk of peacekeeping operations funding is appropriated much like the general budget, but permanent members of the Security Council are required to pay a larger share, and all states are free to contribute additional funding, equipment, or other services to missions of their respective choices. As of 2010, DPKO leads 16 different missions in Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, Americas, Europe and

"United Nations Emergency Force"
forces had to be approved by Egypt and Israel. Israel's Prime Minister refused to restore the 1949 armistice lines and stated that under no circumstances would Israel agree to the stationing of UN forces on its territory or in any area it occupied. After multilateral negotiations with Egypt, eleven countries offered to contribute to a force on the Egyptian side of the armistice line: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, India, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden, and Yugoslavia. Support was also provided by United States, Italy, and Switzerland. The first forces arrived in Cairo on November 15, and UNEF was at its full

analysis. One suggestion to account for delays such as the one in Rwanda, is a rapid reaction force: a standing group, administered by the UN and deployed by the Security Council, that receives its troops and support from current Security Council members and is ready for quick deployment in the event of future genocides. The UN peacekeeping capacity was enhanced in 2007 by augmenting the DPKO with the new Department of Field Support (DFS). Whereas the new entity serves as a key enabler by co-ordinating the administration and logistics in UN peacekeeping operations, DPKO concentrates on policy planning and providing

diplomatic activity, overseeing relations with both the parties to the peace treaty and the UN member-states in general. They are often a senior member of the Secretariat. The second is the Force Commander, who is responsible for the military forces deployed. They are a senior officer of their nation's armed services, and are often from the nation committing the highest number of troops to the project. Finally, the Chief Administrative Officer oversees supplies and logistics, and coordinates the procurement of any supplies needed. United Nations peacekeeping was initially developed during the Cold War as a means of resolving conflicts between

addition of Cate Blanchett, Djimon Hounsou, and Kit Harington. The film takes place five years after the first film, featuring Hiccup and his friends as young adults as they meet Valka, Hiccup's long-lost mother, and Drago Bludvist, a madman who wants to conquer the world. DeBlois, who co-directed the first film, agreed to return to direct the second film on the condition that he would be allowed to turn it into a trilogy. He cited ""The Empire Strikes Back"" and ""My Neighbor Totoro"" as his main inspirations, with the expanded scope of ""The Empire Strikes Back"" being particularly influential. The

How to Train Your Dragon 2 How to Train Your Dragon 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated action fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell. It is the sequel to the 2010 computer-animated film ""How to Train Your Dragon"" and the second installment in the trilogy. The film is written and directed by Dean DeBlois, and stars the voices of Jay Baruchel, Gerard Butler, Craig Ferguson, America Ferrera, Jonah Hill, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, T. J. Miller, and Kristen Wiig, with the

""What I loved especially about ""Empire"" is that it expanded ""Star Wars"" in every direction: emotionally, its scope, characters, fun. It felt like an embellishment and that's the goal."" The entire original voice cast—Baruchel, Butler, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Miller, and Wiig—returned for the sequel. On June 19, 2012, it was announced that Kit Harington, of ""Game of Thrones"" fame, was cast as one of the film's antagonists. At the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International, it was announced that Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou had joined the cast; they lent their voices to Valka and Drago Bludvist, respectively. While the

"How to Train Your Dragon (film)"
short films were released: ""Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon"" (2010), ""Book of Dragons"" (2011), ""Gift of the Night Fury"" (2011), and ""Dawn of the Dragon Racers"" (2014). A television series based on the film premiered on Cartoon Network in Autumn 2012. Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, and T. J. Miller reprise their roles as Hiccup, Astrid, Fishlegs, and Tuffnut. The series, set between the first and second film, follows Hiccup and his friends as they learn more about dragons, discover new ones, teach others to feel comfortable around them, adapt traditions within the village to fit their new friends

returning. Cate Blanchett and Kit Harington will also reprise their roles as Valka and Eret, respectively, from the second film. F. Murray Abraham had joined the cast as the film's main villain, named Grimmel. How to Train Your Dragon 2 How to Train Your Dragon 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated action fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell. It is the sequel to the 2010 computer-animated film ""How to Train Your Dragon"" and the second installment in the trilogy.

"Christopher Mintz-Plasse"
Christopher Mintz-Plasse Christopher Mintz-Plasse (; born June 20, 1989) is an American actor, comedian and musician who has performed roles such as McLovin in ""Superbad"" (2007), Augie Farcques in ""Role Models"" (2008), Fishlegs Ingerman in the ""How to Train Your Dragon"" franchise (2010–2019) and as Chris D'Amico in ""Kick-Ass"" (2010) and its sequel ""Kick-Ass 2"" (2013). Mintz-Plasse was born in Woodland Hills, California, where he attended El Camino Real High School, performing on its improv comedy team. He is the son of Ellen Mintz, a school counselor, and Ray Plasse, a postal worker. He is Jewish on his mother's side.

"Jumping Flash! 2"
returns to his home planet, Little Muu. While planning his revenge, however, Aloha's turn to face the fear of having his planet attacked comes. A hostile alien invader known as Captain Kabuki (voiced by Lorelei King) descends upon Little Muu and starts taking it apart, piece by piece, contrasting on what Aloha himself had once tried to do to Crater Planet in the first game. Aloha flees the onslaught in his space pod, and lands on an asteroid far away from Little Muu, where he calls for help from his sworn enemy, Universal City Hall. Once again, Robbit is dispatched

released on May 27, 2014. DreamWorks Dragons DreamWorks Dragons is an American computer-animated television series based on the 2010 film ""How to Train Your Dragon"". The series serves as a bridge between the first film and its 2014 sequel. Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, T.J. Miller, and David Tennant reprise their voice-acting roles from ""How to Train Your Dragon"". New cast members include Julie Marcus and Andree Vermeulen as Ruffnut (previously voiced by Kristen Wiig), Zack Pearlman as Snotlout (previously voiced by Jonah Hill), Chris Edgerly as Gobber the Belch (previously voiced by Craig Ferguson), and Nolan North as

"Luke Skywalker"
original film show Luke's attraction to a female character from Tatooine named Camie, while in the novelization of ""The Last Jedi"" an older Luke dreams of how his life may have been had he married her. The novel """" shows Luke attracted to a female named Nakari Kelen, in the time before ""The Empire Strikes Back"". In the non-canonical ""Legends"" branded stories, Luke married Mara Jade, though these have since been separated from official ""Star Wars"" continuity. Later Hamill would say that he saw Luke as possibly celibate, noting the Jedi were forbidden to marry. However, he later considered the

believing that she killed her. They battle again, and Luke saves a weaponless Lumiya from falling to her death simply so that he can kill her himself. Luke returns to Coruscant where he is found by Ben, standing guard over Mara's body; upon speaking with his son, he realizes that Lumiya could not have killed her. Later in his private cabin, Luke breaks down over the death of his wife, knowing that her murderer is still at large. He does not realize that the killer is his own nephew, Jacen, who has now taken the Sith name Darth Caedus. In

young Luke. In 2016, when asked about the character's sexual orientation and if Luke could be gay, Hamill said Luke's sexual orientation ""is meant to be interpreted by the viewer"". He added, ""if you think Luke is gay, of course he is. You should not be ashamed of it. Judge Luke by his character, not by who he loves."" Ryan Britt of ""Inverse"" noted that leaving interpretations aside, in all media Luke has only been portrayed as straight. In the original ""Star Wars"" films, he is attracted to Leia before discovering she is his biological sister. Deleted scenes from the

invaded by the Ssi-Ruuk. Luke commands a task force, turning back the enemy army. He also meets Dev Sibwarra, a Force-sensitive human who had been captured by the Ssi-Ruuk, who is killed in the battle after turning against his captors. In the novel ""The Courtship of Princess Leia"", set four years after the Battle of Endor, Luke travels to the planet Dathomir. There, he discovers a group of Force-sensitive witches called the Witches of Dathomir, banded into two separate groups: a collective of benign, matriarchal clans; the one he is in contact with being the ""Singing Mountain Clan"", and the

learned to better her Force knowledge since her training at Luke's Jedi Academy. He falls in love with her and they eventually marry. Later, in """", they have a son whom they name Ben after Obi-Wan Kenobi's pseudonym Ben. In the ""New Jedi Order"" series, Luke creates a New Jedi Council. He idealises a new conclave, made up of Jedi, politicians and military officers. Included in this new Jedi Order are Tresina Lobi, Kenth Hammer, Kyle Katarn, Kyp Durron, Cilghal, Saba Sebatynee and himself. From the politicians and military came new Chief of State Cal Omas, Admiral Sienn Sovv (Sullustan

grizzled war hero, later as a Jedi Master, and as a woman. The last name ""Starkiller"" remained for the first few months of production, Hamill on-camera used the name 'Luke Starkiller"" the sole time he referred to himself during filming. ""Starkiller"" was dropped due to what Lucas called ""unpleasant connotations"". An alternative ending pitched by George Lucas for ""Return of the Jedi"" was Luke assuming his father's role as Darth Vader after the latter's death and intending to rule in his place. Though Lawrence Kasdan favored the idea, Lucas ultimately declined, since the films were made for children. Another conclusion

but is pulled into a garbage chute to the underside of Cloud City, and left hanging onto a weather vane. Leia, flying away from Cloud City in the ""Millennium Falcon"", senses Luke's peril, and turns the ship around to save him. Aboard the ship, he hears Vader telepathically, telling him that it is his destiny to join the dark side. Luke's severed hand is replaced with a bio-mechanical one. In ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983), Luke is now a Jedi Knight, and has constructed his own lightsaber. He returns to Tatooine to help Leia, the droids, and Lando Calrissian save

of the third prequel, """" (2005), to have Palpatine kidnapped and his apprentice, Count Dooku, killed by Anakin in cold blood as the first act in the latter's turn towards the dark side. After principal photography was complete in 2003, Lucas made even more massive changes in Anakin's character, re-writing his entire turn to the dark side; Anakin's fall from grace would now be motivated by a desire to save his wife, Padmé Amidala, rather than the previous version in which that reason was one of several, including that he genuinely believed that the Jedi were plotting to take over

male) and four others. In """", he spearheads the mission into the Unknown Regions during the Yuuzhan Vong invasion to find the mysterious planet of Zonama Sekot, a planet that creates living starships. After the invasion is defeated with the help of the new Mandalorian Warriors, a Sekotian fleet and a Galactic Alliance-Imperial Remnant fleet, Luke leads the New Jedi Order on Denon, the temporary capital of the Galactic Alliance and the site of the newly rebuilt Jedi Temple on Coruscant. In ""The Swarm War"", the New Jedi Order moves to Ossus, the site of former famous Jedi temples and

Luke also serves as a mentor to the protagonist of the new ""Star Wars"" trilogy, Rey. The now non-canon ""Star Wars Legends"" depicts him as a powerful Jedi Master, husband of Mara Jade, the father of Ben Skywalker and maternal uncle of Jaina, Jacen and Anakin Solo. Luke Skywalker appears in ""Episode IV"", """", ""Episode VI"", """", """", and briefly """" briefly as an infant (portrayed by Aidan Barton). Mark Hamil is slated to reprise his role as Skywalker in the upcoming """", which is set to premiere in the United States on December 20, 2019. Introduced in the 1977

if there is a line that lies parallel to the horizon it is said to be

Horizon
deriving the axioms of a field was deconstructed in the twentieth century, yielding a wide variety of mathematical possibilities. Stillwell states Horizon The horizon or skyline is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth's surface, and those that do not. The horizon is horizontal. At many locations, the true horizon is obscured by trees, buildings, mountains, etc., and the resulting intersection of earth and sky is called the ""visible horizon"". When looking at a sea from a shore, the part of the sea closest

Horizon
Horizon The horizon or skyline is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth's surface, and those that do not. The horizon is horizontal. At many locations, the true horizon is obscured by trees, buildings, mountains, etc., and the resulting intersection of earth and sky is called the ""visible horizon"". When looking at a sea from a shore, the part of the sea closest to the horizon is called the offing. The word ""horizon"" derives from the Greek ""ὁρίζων κύκλος"" ""horizōn kyklos"", ""separating circle"", from

Horizon
surface) is imperceptible to the naked eye (but for someone on a 1000-meter hill looking out to sea the true horizon will be about a degree below a horizontal line). In astronomy the horizon is the horizontal plane through the eyes of the observer. It is the fundamental plane of the horizontal coordinate system, the locus of points that have an altitude of zero degrees. While similar in ways to the geometrical horizon, in this context a horizon may be considered to be a plane in space, rather than a line on a picture plane. One typically sees further along

"Line (geometry)"
Line (geometry) The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects (i.e., having no curvature) with negligible width and depth. Lines are an idealization of such objects. Until the 17th century, lines were defined as the ""[…] first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which […] will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt of any width. […] The straight line is that which is equally extended between its

points."" Euclid described a line as ""breadthless length"" which ""lies equally with respect to the points on itself""; he introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties from which he constructed all of geometry, which is now called Euclidean geometry to avoid confusion with other geometries which have been introduced since the end of the 19th century (such as non-Euclidean, projective and affine geometry). In modern mathematics, given the multitude of geometries, the concept of a line is closely tied to the way the geometry is described. For instance, in analytic geometry, a line in the plane is often defined as

Horizon
formula now becomes or where ""R"" is the radius of the Earth. The equation can also be derived using the Pythagorean theorem. Since the line of sight is a tangent to the Earth, it is perpendicular to the radius at the horizon. This sets up a right triangle, with the sum of the radius and the height as the hypotenuse. With referring to the second figure at the right leads to the following: Another relationship involves the distance ""s"" along the curved surface of the Earth to the horizon; with ""γ"" in radians, then Solving for ""s"" gives The distance

"Distance from a point to a line"
Distance from a point to a line The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways. Knowing the shortest distance from a point to a line can be useful in various situations—for example, finding the shortest distance to reach a road, quantifying the scatter on

triangle inequality), can be generalized and leads to the concept of geodesics in metric spaces. Line (geometry) The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects (i.e., having no curvature) with negligible width and depth. Lines are an idealization of such objects. Until the 17th century, lines were defined as the ""[…] first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which […] will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt

"Number line"
teaching simple addition and subtraction, especially involving negative numbers. In advanced mathematics, the expressions ""real number line"", or ""real line"" are typically used to indicate the above-mentioned concept that every point on a straight line corresponds to a single real number, and . A number line is usually represented as being horizontal, but in a Cartesian coordinate plane the vertical axis (y-axis) is also a number line. According to one convention, positive numbers always lie on the right side of zero, negative numbers always lie on the left side of zero, and arrowheads on both ends of the line are

"Contour line"
Contour line A contour line (also isoline, isopleth, or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value. It is a plane section of the three-dimensional graph of the function ""f""(""x"", ""y"") parallel to the ""x"", ""y"" plane. In cartography, a contour line (often just called a ""contour"") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys

"Oakland Raiders"
1963, however, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis. In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first (and only) AFL Championship that year; in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, where they were soundly defeated by the Green Bay Packers. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (three AFL and 12 NFL), four AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships

(XI, XV, and XVIII). At the end of the NFL's 2017 season, the Raiders boasted a lifetime regular season record of 462 wins, 411 losses, and 11 ties; their lifetime playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 19 losses. The team departed Oakland to play in Los Angeles, California from the 1982 season until the 1994 season before returning to Oakland at the start of the 1995 season. Al Davis owned the team from 1972 until his death in 2011. Control of the franchise was then given to Al's son Mark Davis. On March 27, 2017, NFL team owners

city of Oakland in June 2016 as a way to keep the Raiders in the city. Nevada's legislature approved a $750 million public subsidy for the proposed domed Las Vegas stadium in October 2016. Davis informed his fellow NFL owners that he intended to file for relocation to Las Vegas following the end of the season. On November 28, 2016, the Raiders secured their first winning season since 2002 with a comeback win against the Carolina Panthers, and on December 18, the team clinched their first postseason berth since 2002 with a victory over the San Diego Chargers. On December

at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers. The decision was made by Lane Kiffin, who was coaching his final game for the Raiders, and was purportedly due to intense heat. The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°. For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis. However, the team reverted to white

six of their next eight leaving them two games below .500 with six games remaining. They would win their next two games, but lose their final four games, ending the season a disappointing 6–10. On December 31, 2017, following a loss to the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 17, head coach Del Rio was fired by Mark Davis after being granted a four-year contract extension prior to the season. On January 6, 2018, the team announced the return of Jon Gruden as head coach. Gruden returned to the Raiders and coaching after a nine-year stint with ESPN serving as analyst

Raiders' five wins were against opponents with above .500 records. In 2010, the Raiders became the first team in NFL history to go undefeated against their division yet miss the playoffs (6–0 in the AFC West, 8–8 overall, 3 games behind the Jets for the second Wild Card entry). On January 4, 2011, owner Al Davis informed head coach Tom Cable that his contract would not be renewed, ending his tenure with the organization. Many Raider players, such as punter Shane Lechler, were upset with the decision. On January 17, 2011, it was announced that offensive coordinator Hue Jackson was

the team's starting quarterback. In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back Lamont Jordan of the New York Jets. After a 4–12 season and a second consecutive last place finish, Turner was fired as head coach. On February 11, 2006 the team announced the return of Art Shell as head coach. In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake. Under Shell, the Raiders lost their first five games in

20, 2016, the NFL announced that the Raiders would have seven Pro Bowl selections: Khalil Mack, Derek Carr, Amari Cooper, Donald Penn, Kelechi Osemele, Rodney Hudson and Reggie Nelson. This was the most selections for the team since 1991, and the most for any team in the 2016 NFL season. As the fifth seed in the AFC in the 2016 NFL playoffs, the Raiders faced the Houston Texans in the opening Wild Card round. With significant injuries hampering the team, including the loss of starting quarterback Carr in the second to last regular season game, they lost to the Texans

in September 1983. Upon his death, his interest was devised to a family trust, of which his son, E.J. McGah, was the trustee. The younger McGah was himself a part-owner of the team, as a limited partner, and died in 2002. Several members of the McGah family filed suit against Davis in October 2003, alleging mismanagement of the team by Davis. The lawsuit sought monetary damages and to remove Davis and A. D. Football, Inc. as the team's managing general partner. Among their specific complaints, the McGahs alleged that Davis failed to provide them with detailed financial information previously provided

1976 season opener, Atkinson hit Swann again and gave him another concussion. After the second incident, Steelers head coach Chuck Noll referred to Atkinson as part of the ""criminal element"" in the NFL. Atkinson filed a $2 million defamation lawsuit against Noll and the Steelers, which he lost. The two clubs' three most recent contests harkened back to the rivalry's history of bitterness and close competition. On December 6, 2009 the 3–8 Raiders helped spoil the defending champions' quest for the playoffs as the game lead changed five times in the fourth quarter and a Louis Murphy touchdown with 11

"Coal power in the United States"
facilities hold the noncombustible ingredients of coal and the ash trapped by equipment designed to reduce air pollution. Byproducts of coal plants have been linked to acid rain. 86 coal powered plants have a capacity of 107.1 GW, or 9.9% of total U.S. electric capacity, they emitted 5,389,592 tons of SO in 2006 – which represents 28.6% of U.S. SO emissions from all sources. Emissions from electricity generation account for the largest share of U.S. greenhouse gases, 38.9% of U.S. production of carbon dioxide in 2006 (with transportation emissions close behind, at 31%). Although coal power only accounted for 49%

alter the energy direction of the United States energy providers) favors the trend away from coal-fired power plants. Coal power in the United States Coal power in the United States accounted for 39% of the country's electricity production at utility-scale facilities in 2014, 33% in 2015, and 30.4% in 2016 Coal supplied 12.6 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy to electric power plants in 2017, which made up 91% of coal's contribution to US energy supply. Utilities buy more than 90% of the coal consumed in the United States. Coal has been used to generate electricity in the United States since

Coal power in the United States Coal power in the United States accounted for 39% of the country's electricity production at utility-scale facilities in 2014, 33% in 2015, and 30.4% in 2016 Coal supplied 12.6 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy to electric power plants in 2017, which made up 91% of coal's contribution to US energy supply. Utilities buy more than 90% of the coal consumed in the United States. Coal has been used to generate electricity in the United States since an Edison plant was built in New York City in 1882. The first AC power station was opened

in 1997 to 45% in 2009. In 2009, there were 1436 coal-powered units at the electrical utilities across the US, with a total nominal capacity of 338.732 GW (compared to 1024 units at nominal 278 GW in 2000). The actual average generated power from coal in 2006 was 227.1 GW (1.991 trillion kilowatt-hours per year), the highest in the world and still slightly ahead of China (1.95 trillion kilowatt-hours per year) at that time. In 2000, the US average production of electricity from coal was 224.3 GW (1.966 trillion kilowatt-hours for the year). In 2006, US electrical generation consumed or

13.1% was emitted by coal-fired industrial and mixed-use commercial boilers, and 0.3% by coal-fired residential boilers, bringing the total U.S. mercury pollution due to coal combustion to 46% of the U.S. man-made mercury sources. In contrast, China's coal-fired power plants emitted an estimated 200 ± 90 tons of mercury in 1999, which was about 38% of Chinese human-generated mercury emissions (45% being emitted from non-ferrous metals smelting). Mercury in emissions from power plants can be reduced by the use of activated carbon. In 2007 an advertising campaign was launched to improve public opinion on coal power titled ""America's Power"". This

"Coal mining in the United States"
278 GW in 2000). Actual power generated from coal in 2006 was 227.1 GW (1.991 trillion kilowatt-hours per year), the highest in the world and still slightly ahead of China (1.95 trillion kilowatt-hours per year) at that time. In 2000, US production of electricity from coal was 224.3 GW (1.966 trillion kilowatt-hours per year). In 2006, the US consumed or 92.3% of coal mined for electricity generation. As of 2013, domestic coal consumption for power production was being displaced by natural gas, but production from strip mines utilizing thick deposits in the western United States such as the Powder River

Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Delaware) or between 5 and 10% (Alaska, Nevada, Mississippi, Oregon and Washington State) In the United States, three coal-fired power plants reported the largest toxic air releases in 2001: The Environmental Protection Agency classified the 44 sites as potential hazards to communities, which means the waste sites could cause death and significant property damage if an event such as a storm or a structural failure caused a spill. They estimate that about 300 dry landfills and wet storage ponds are used around the country to store ash from coal-fired power plants. The storage

92.3% of the coal mined in the US. Due to emergence of shale gas, coal consumption declined from 2009. In the first quarter of 2012, the use of coal for electricity generation declined substantially more, 21% from 2011 levels. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 27 gigawatts of capacity from coal-fired generators is to be retired from 175 coal-fired power plants between 2012 and 2016. Natural gas showed a corresponding increase, increasing by a third over 2011. Coal's share of electricity generation dropped to just over 36%. Coal use continues to decline rapidly through November 2015 with its share

of the U.S. electricity production in 2006, it was responsible for 83% of CO emissions caused by electricity generation that year, or 1,970 Tg of CO emissions. Further 130 Tg of CO were released by other industrial coal-burning applications. Click Here to see a graph displaying CO emissions from coal powered plants. U.S. coal-fired electricity-generating power plants owned by utilities emitted an estimated 48 tons of mercury in 1999, the largest source of man-made mercury pollution in the U.S. In 1995-96, this accounted for 32.6% of all mercury emitted into the air by human activity in the U.S. In addition,

the state's coal plants (max. output 8 GW), and they contribute about a quarter of the state's electricity. The cost of transporting coal may be around $20 for trains, or $5–6 for barge and truck. A 2015 study by a consortium of environmental organizations concluded that US Government subsidies for coal production are around $8/ton for the Powder River Basin. In 2018, 16 of the 50 Federal States of the US had either no coal power in their power production for the public power supply (California, Idaho, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Vermont), less than 5% coal in power production Connecticut,

Hosanna
Hosanna Hosanna () is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, it is always used in its original Hebrew form, הושענא ""Hoshana"". The word ""hosanna"" (Latin ', Greek , ""hōsanná"") is from Hebrew , ' and related to Aramaic (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning ""save, rescue, savior"". In the Hebrew Bible it is used only in verses such as ""help"" or ""save, I pray"" (). It is applied in numerous verses of the New Testament including ""Hosanna; blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord"" (), ""hosanna in the highest"" (); ""hosanna to the Son of David""

Hosanna
Contextually, he uses the phrase as a cry for help in light of the world's current state of affairs. American comedians Tim and Eric use the phrase ""blessed Hosanna"" freely in their piece ""Morning Prayer with Skott and Behr."" Hosanna Hosanna () is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, it is always used in its original Hebrew form, הושענא ""Hoshana"". The word ""hosanna"" (Latin ', Greek , ""hōsanná"") is from Hebrew , ' and related to Aramaic (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning ""save, rescue, savior"". In the Hebrew Bible it is used only in verses such as ""help"" or ""save,

Hosanna
Love People"". In the 1969 Broadway musical 1776 the word is used repeatedly as part of the chorus of the song ""Cool, Cool, Considerate Men."" A. R. Rahman composed the song ""Hosanna"" for the 2010 Tamil movie ""Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa"". Here the word is used as an exclamation of joy when a man sees his beloved. The Christian Catholic Secular Forum (CSF) objected to this song and asked film-makers Fox Star Studios to remove it from the final cut of the Hindi remake of the film, ""Ekk Deewana Tha"". Paul McCartney's album New, released in 2013, features a song titled Hosanna.

Haoma
(i.e. as effects of its consumption) include: Many of the physical attributes as described in the texts of the Avesta match the plant used in present-day Zoroastrian practice. In present-day preparation of ""parahaoma"" (for details, see Ab-Zohr), ... According to Falk, Parsi-Zoroastrians use a variant of ephedra, usually ""Ephedra procera"", imported from the Hari River valley in Afghanistan. (Falk, 1989) Since the late 18th century, when Anquetil-Duperron and others made portions of the Avesta available to western scholarship, several scholars have sought a representative botanical equivalent of the ""haoma"" as described in the texts and as used in living Zoroastrian

Haoma
practice. Most of the proposals concentrated on either linguistic evidence or comparative pharmacology or reflected ritual use. Rarely were all three considered together, which usually resulted in such proposals being quickly rejected. In the late 19th century, the highly conservative Zoroastrians of Yazd (Iran) were found to use ""genus"" Ephedra, which was locally known as ""hum"" or ""homa"" and which they exported to the Indian Zoroastrians. (Aitchison, 1888) The plant, as Falk also established, requires a cool and dry climate, i.e. it does not grow in India (which is either too hot or too humid or both) but thrives in

Hosanna
be done in other ways, such as between choir and congregation, or played between trombone choirs. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright famously used the word in his exclamation ""Hosanna! A client!"" after securing a commission, breaking a long, dry spell. ""Hosanna"" is also the name of one of the songs featured in the 1971 rock opera ""Jesus Christ Superstar"". The song covers the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, as in the above Biblical passages. Jesus is briefly harassed by the high priest Caiaphas but the people celebrate him as the Messiah. There is also a reprise of the chorus when Jesus

Hooah
Hooyah in the United States Navy. Some popular usages of ""hooah"" include: Hooah Hooah is a battle cry used by soldiers in the U.S. Army and airmen in the U.S. Air Force. Originally spelled ""Hough"", the battle cry was first used by members of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment during the Second Seminole War in 1841, after Seminole chief Coacoochee toasted officers of the regiment with a loud ""Hough!"", apparently a corruption of ""How d'ye do!"" Since WWII, the word has been widely used throughout the US Army and gained a more general meaning of ""anything and everything except 'no'. It

Meningioma
the same statistical frequency as other possible brain tumors. The neoplasms currently referred to as meningiomas were referred to with a wide range of names in older medical literature, depending on the source. Various descriptors included ""fungoid tumors"", ""fungus of the dura mater"", ""epithelioma"", ""psammoma"", ""dural sarcoma"", ""dural endothelioma"", ""fibrosarcoma"", ""angioendothelioma"", ""arachnoidal fibroboastoma"", ""endotheliosis of the meninges"", ""meningeal fibroblastoma"", ""meningoblastoma"", ""mestothelioma of the meninges"", ""sarcoma of the dura"", and others. The modern term of ""meningioma"" was used first by Harvey Cushing (1869–1939) in 1922, to describe a set of tumors that occur throughout the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord), but

Hoya
to livestock and sheep poisonings in Australia are reported. Several ""Hoya"" species and cultivars are excellent terrarium plants. Hoya Hoya is an Asclepiad genus of 200–300 species of tropical plants in the family Apocynaceae (Dogbane). Most are native to Asia including India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Indonesia, There is a great diversity of species in the Philippines, and species in Polynesia, New Guinea, and Australia. Common names for this genus are waxplant, waxvine, waxflower or simply hoya. This genus was named by botanist Robert Brown, in honour of his friend, botanist Thomas Hoy. Hoyas are evergreen perennial creepers or

"Homa (ritual)"
Homa rituals remain an important part of many Hindu ceremonies, and variations of Homa continue to be practiced in current-day Buddhism, particularly in parts of Tibet and Japan. It is also found in modern Jainism. A Homa ritual is known by alternate names, such as ""yajna"" in Hinduism which sometimes means larger public fire rituals, or ""jajnavidhana"" or ""goma"" in Buddhism. In modern times, a ""Homa"" or Havana tends to be a private ritual around a symbolic fire, such as those observed at a wedding. The Sanskrit word ""Homa"" (होम) is from the root ""hu"", which refers to ""pouring into

"Sun path"
in summer (May, June, July), the Sun rises in the northeast, peaks out slightly south of overhead point (lower in the south at higher latitude), and then sets in the northwest, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere in summer (November, December, January), the Sun rises in the southeast, peaks out slightly north of overhead point (lower in the north at higher latitude), and then sets in the southwest. A simple latitude-dependent equator-side overhang can easily be designed to block 100% of the direct solar gain from entering vertical equator-facing windows on the hottest days of the year. Roll-down exterior shade screens,

"Geography of the United States"
regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation. The main influence on U.S. weather is the polar jet stream which migrates northward into Canada in the summer months, and then southward into the USA in the winter months. The jet stream brings in large low pressure systems from the northern Pacific Ocean that enter the US mainland over the Pacific Northwest. The Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountains pick up most of the moisture from these systems as they move eastward. Greatly diminished by the time they reach the High Plains,

"Position of the Sun"
is directed toward the north celestial pole ), in astronomical units: Where the obliquity of the ecliptic is not obtained elsewhere, it can be approximated: for use with the above equations. The Sun appears to move northward during the northern spring, contacting the celestial equator on the March equinox. Its declination reaches a maximum equal to the angle of Earth's axial tilt (23.44°) on the June solstice, then decreases until reaching its minimum (−23.44°) on the December solstice, when its value is the negative of the axial tilt. This variation produces the seasons. A line graph of the Sun's declination

many towns have tornado sirens due to the very frequent tornado formations in the region. Hurricanes are another natural disaster found in the US, which can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coast or the Atlantic Coast as well as Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. Particularly at risk are the central and southern Texas coasts, the area from southeastern Louisiana east to the Florida Panhandle, peninsular Florida, and the Outer Banks of North Carolina, although any portion of the coast could be struck. Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, with a peak from mid-August through early October. Some

"Sun path"
above the southern horizon in the tropics), and then sets in the southwest. It is on the south (equator) side of the house all day long. A vertical window facing south (equator side) is effective for capturing solar thermal energy. For comparison, the winter sun in the Southern Hemisphere (May, June, July) rises in the northeast, peaks out at a low angle in the north (more than halfway up from the horizon in the tropics), and then sets in the northwest. There, the north-facing window would let in plenty of solar thermal energy to the house. In the Northern Hemisphere

"Sun Belt"
Sun Belt The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest. Another rough definition of the region is the area south of the 36th parallel. The region is noted for its mild winter, frequent sunny skies, and growing economic opportunities. It is the fastest growing region in the United States. Within the region, desert/semi-desert (California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas), Mediterranean (California), humid subtropical (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee), and tropical (South Florida) climates can be found. The Sun Belt has seen

"North American Monsoon"
July. The monsoon extends into the southwest United States as it matures in mid-July, when an area of high pressure, called the monsoon or subtropical ridge, develops in the upper atmosphere over the Four Corners region, creating wind flow aloft from the east or southeast. Pulses of low level moisture are transported primarily from the Gulf of California and eastern Pacific. The Gulf of California, a narrow body of water surrounded by mountains, is particularly important for low-level moisture transport into Arizona and Sonora. Upper level moisture is also transported into the region, mainly from the Gulf of Mexico by

"Sun outage"
occur after the March equinox and before the September equinox for the Southern Hemisphere. At these times, the apparent path of the Sun across the sky takes it directly behind the line of sight between an earth station and a satellite. The Sun radiates strongly across the entire spectrum, including the microwave frequencies used to communicate with satellites (C band, K band, and K band), so the Sun swamps the signal from the satellite. The effects of a Sun outage range from partial degradation (increase in the error rate) to total destruction of the signal. The effect sweeps from north

Sunrise
is 34 arcminutes, though this amount varies based on atmospheric conditions. Also, unlike most other solar measurements, sunrise occurs when the Sun's ""upper limb"", rather than its center, appears to cross the horizon. The apparent radius of the Sun at the horizon is 16 arcminutes. These two angles combine to define sunrise to occur when the Sun's center is 50 arcminutes below the horizon, or 90.83° from the zenith. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's longitude and latitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of

"United States rainfall climatology"
Atlantic Ocean strengthens, bringing in increasingly humid air from the warm Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. Once precipitable water values exceed , afternoon and evening thunderstorms break out at the western periphery of the subtropical ridge across the Southeast on a daily basis. Summer is the time of the second rainfall maximum during the year across Georgia, and the time of the main rainfall maximum in Florida. Evidence shows that increased air pollution is causing rainfall to reach a maximum in intensity during the middle of the week. During the late summer and fall, tropical cyclones move into the

who are the only 2 families that have had 3 generations of oscar winners

"Von Erich family"
was billed for a brief period of time in the 1980s as the son of Waldo Von Erich, but there was no biological relation between the two. Lance also has no biological relation to the Adkisson family. On March 16, 2009, it was announced that the Von Erich family would be inducted (as a group) into the WWE Hall of Fame. They were inducted by longtime Von Erich rival Michael ""P.S."" Hayes, with Kevin Von Erich accepting the induction. † = deceased Von Erich family The Von Erich family is a professional wrestling family. Its actual surname is ""Adkisson"", but

"Roosevelt family"
Roosevelt family The Roosevelt family is an American business and political family from New York whose members have included two United States Presidents, a First Lady, and various merchants, politicians, inventors, clergymen, artists, and socialites. Progeny of a mid-17th century Dutch immigrant to New Amsterdam, many members of the family became locally prominent in New York City business and politics and intermarried with prominent colonial families. Two distantly related branches of the family from Oyster Bay on Long Island and Hyde Park in Dutchess County rose to national political prominence with the elections of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) and his

"Academy Awards"
to Herman Darvick Autograph Auctions, and on 6 August 1992, in New York City, the Oscar sold to a private collector for $60,500. Since he won the award before 1950, he was not required to offer it to the Academy first. Russell defended his decision, saying, ""I don't know why anybody would be critical. My wife's health is much more important than sentimental reasons. The movie will be here, even if Oscar isn't."" Harold Russell is the only Academy Award-winning actor to ever sell an Oscar. While the Oscar is owned by the recipient, it is essentially not on the

agreement have been sold in public auctions and private deals for six-figure sums. In December 2011, Orson Welles' 1941 Oscar for ""Citizen Kane"" (Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay) was put up for auction, after his heirs won a 2004 court decision contending that Welles did not sign any agreement to return the statue to the Academy. On 20 December 2011, it sold in an online auction for US$861,542. In 1992, Harold Russell needed money for his wife's medical expenses. In a controversial decision, he consigned his 1946 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for ""The Best Years of Our Lives""

"Westmore family"
and public alike. Later generations have continued the name, including brothers Michael and Marvin who have excelled in special makeup effects, such as in ""Blade Runner"" (1982), ""Mask"" (1985) and ""Raging Bull"" (1980). Westmore family The Westmore Family is a prominent family in Hollywood make-up. Led by their patriarch, George Westmore, the family has had four generations serve Hollywood as make-up artists in various capacities since George's establishment of Hollywood's first make-up department in 1917. The English wigmaker George Westmore, for whom the Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild's George Westmore Lifetime Achievement Award is named, founded the first (and

"Watson family"
in September 1910. Their nine children went on to act in over 1,000 films, starting out as toddlers and child stars. The eldest of the nine siblings, Coy Watson Jr., authored a book, ""The Keystone Kid"". Watson family The Watsons, are an American family of nine sibling actors, who are known as ""the first family of Hollywood"". They were all first active as child actors in silent motion picture films. As of 2018, only Billy Watson (born 1923) and Garry Watson (born 1928) are still living. When Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, located just 600 feet from the Watson family home,

Watson family The Watsons, are an American family of nine sibling actors, who are known as ""the first family of Hollywood"". They were all first active as child actors in silent motion picture films. As of 2018, only Billy Watson (born 1923) and Garry Watson (born 1928) are still living. When Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, located just 600 feet from the Watson family home, needed child actors for films, the father Canadian American J. C ""Coy"" Watson Sr. provided the kids. The Watson children worked with many big stars in the early Hollywood era, notably James Stewart, Lionel Barrymore, Fred

"Jackson family"
her will by Randy and Janet Jackson, Katherine lost custody of Michael's children, ultimately regaining it in 2012. Together, Joseph and Katherine Jackson had ten children. Their son Brandon (Marlon's twin) died shortly after birth. The other nine grew up to become professional musicians. There are 26 children that make up the third generation of the Jackson family along with several great-grandchildren. Among them, some have followed in the family's footsteps into the entertainment industry. The three children of Michael Jackson are probably the most well-known of the third generation. Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. (b. February 13, 1997), also known

"Vanderbilt family"
that, his son William acquired his father's fortune, and was the richest American until his death in 1885. The Vanderbilts' prominence lasted until the mid-20th century, when the family's 10 great Fifth Avenue mansions were torn down, and most other Vanderbilt houses were sold or turned into museums in what has been referred to as the ""Fall of the House of Vanderbilt"". Branches of the family are found on the United States East Coast. Contemporary descendants include fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt, her youngest son, journalist Anderson Cooper, actor Timothy Olyphant, musician John P. Hammond and screenwriter James Vanderbilt. The progenitor

"Kennedy family"
Arnold Schwarzenegger (married to Maria Shriver), actor and bodybuilder who served two terms as Governor of California; and Andrew Cuomo (married to Kerry Kennedy, daughter of Robert F. Kennedy), United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Clinton administration and 56th Governor of New York. According to genealogist Brian Kennedy in his work ""JFK's Irish O'Kennedy Ancestors"", the Kennedys who would go on to play a significant role in the United States of America originated from the Ó Cinnéide Fionn (one of the three Irish Gaelic Ó Cinnéide clans who ruled the kingdom of Ormond, along with the

"Chief Justice of Ghana"
is expected to propose judicial reforms to the Ghana government to help improve the level of administration of justice and efficiency in the Judiciary. It is also expected to be a forum to enhance the administration of justice in Ghana. The current Chief Justice is Sophia Akuffo. She succeeded Georgina Wood who was Ghana's first female Chief Justice. Akuffo was sworn in as Chief Justice by President Akufo-Addo on 19 June 2017. Since its inception in 1876, the Supreme Court has had 25 Chief Justices, including 13 in the Gold Coast era. Justice Francis Yaonasu Kpegah, the most senior of

of 60 years or stay on till the compulsory retiring age of 70 years. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and at least nine other judges. The Chief Justice is expected to preside at all sittings of the Supreme Court whenever he or she is present. The Chief Justice oversees the administration of the Court of Appeal of which he or she is the most senior member. He or she is also a member and administrator of the High Court and the Regional Tribunals. The Chief Justice is the chairman of the Judicial Council of Ghana. The council

first Chief Justice, Sir David Patrick Chalmers by the British colonial authorities in 1876. The nature of the office of Chief Justice evolved with the years. The 1954 Gold Coast constitution provided for the Chief Justice to be appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister while other judges and judicial officers were appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. Under the 1957 Ghana constitution, on the attainment of independence, the Chief Justice and all superior justices were appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister as the Judicial Service Commission was abolished. Sir Kobina Arku Korsah became

"Supreme Court of Ghana"
by the President of Ghana acting in consultation with the Council of State and with the approval of the country's Parliament. The other Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President acting on the advice of the Judicial Council and in consultation with the Council of State. This must also be with the approval of Parliament. The 1992 Constitution abolished all the public tribunals established under the PNDC and created the Regional Tribunal whose chairman was equated with the High Court judge. The following is a list of the judges of the Supreme Court. In July 2018, President Nana Akufo-Addo

the first Ghanaian Chief Justice. Under the 1969 constitution, the Chief Justice was appointed by the President acting in consultation with the Council of State. The office has not changed much since the 1979 constitution though the court system underwent a lot of changes under various military governments between 1972 and 1993. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President of Ghana in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana and with the approval of the Parliament of Ghana. A person qualified to be the Chief Justice of Ghana must be of a high moral character and have proven

"George Kingsley Acquah"
George Kingsley Acquah Justice George Kingsley Acquah (4 March 1942 – 25 March 2007) was the twenty-third (23rd ) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana(the eleventh since independence). He was appointed as Chief Justice on 4 July 2003 and was the incumbent until his death. Justice Acquah was born on 4 March 1942 at Sekondi in the Western Region of Ghana. He had his basic education in a number of schools, namely Half Assini Methodist School, Cape Coast Methodist School, Ashanti Bekwai Methodist School, Akim Oda Methodist School, Nkawkaw Methodist School and Dunkwa-on-Offin Anglican School. He attended Adisadel

the Supreme Court judges acted as Chief Justice between March 2007 and June 2007. Chief Justice of Ghana The Chief Justice of Ghana is the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Ghana. The Chief Justice is also the head of the Judiciary of Ghana and is responsible for its administration and supervision. In order of state precedence, the Chief Justice is the fourth highest official in Ghana. The Supreme Court Ordinance of 1876 ended the 10-year absence of a Supreme Court, establishing a Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony. The court consisted of the Chief Justice

Chief Justice of Ghana The Chief Justice of Ghana is the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Ghana. The Chief Justice is also the head of the Judiciary of Ghana and is responsible for its administration and supervision. In order of state precedence, the Chief Justice is the fourth highest official in Ghana. The Supreme Court Ordinance of 1876 ended the 10-year absence of a Supreme Court, establishing a Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony. The court consisted of the Chief Justice and not more than four puisne judges. This led to the appointment of the

"Samuel Azu Crabbe"
Samuel Azu Crabbe Samuel Azu Crabbe (18 November 1918 – 15 September 2005) was a barrister, solicitor and jurist. He was the fifth Chief Justice of Ghana since it became an independent nation. He has also been a president of the National Olympic Committee of Ghana. Samuel Azu Crabbe was born at James Town, a suburb of Accra, the capital of Ghana. He completed his secondary education at Accra Academy in 1939. He then proceeded to University College London, where he graduated with a law degree in 1946. He was called to the English Bar in 1948. While a student,

at Ho in the Volta Region. He rose to become an Appeal Court Judge in June 1994 and then a Supreme Court Judge a year later. Justice Acquah died from cancer on 25 March 2007, aged 65, in Accra. He was married with six children. George Kingsley Acquah Justice George Kingsley Acquah (4 March 1942 – 25 March 2007) was the twenty-third (23rd ) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana(the eleventh since independence). He was appointed as Chief Justice on 4 July 2003 and was the incumbent until his death. Justice Acquah was born on 4 March 1942

Cosmology
be resolved. A fundamental difference between Newton's cosmology and those preceding it was the Copernican principle—that the bodies on earth obey the same physical laws as all the celestial bodies. This was a crucial philosophical advance in physical cosmology. Modern scientific cosmology is usually considered to have begun in 1917 with Albert Einstein's publication of his final modification of general relativity in the paper ""Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity"" (although this paper was not widely available outside of Germany until the end of World War I). General relativity prompted cosmogonists such as Willem de Sitter, Karl Schwarzschild,

Cosmology
""celestial mechanics"", the study of the heavens. Greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories. The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus, and subsequently Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei, proposed a heliocentric system. This is one of the most famous examples of epistemological rupture in physical cosmology. Isaac Newton's ""Principia Mathematica"", published in 1687, was the first description of the law of universal gravitation. It provided a physical mechanism for Kepler's laws and also allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to

"Physical cosmology"
Physical cosmology Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe contains

also study: Physical cosmology Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the

"Reinhold Ebertin"
Due to Ebertin's work, he is sometimes considered the founder of modern Cosmobiology as the term is generally used today (working largely with the midpoint/dial paradigms of Witte), although the term 'Kosmobiologie' had been previously used by Dr Friedrich Feerhow and Swiss statistician Karl Krafft in a more general sense ""to designate that branch of astrology working on scientific foundations and keyed to the natural sciences"". Ebertin's mother, Elsbeth Ebertin, was also an astrologer. His son, Dr. Baldur Ebertin, is ""a psychologist, philosopher, esoteric, alternative healer, reincarnation-therapist, psychoanalyst, astrologer, and author"". Reinhold Ebertin Reinhold Ebertin (February 16, 1901 - March

Cosmology
Cosmology Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, ""kosmos"" ""world"" and -λογία, ""-logia"" ""study of"") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the scientific laws that govern these areas. The term ""cosmology"" was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's ""Glossographia"", and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in ""Cosmologia Generalis"". Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature

"Galileo Galilei"
Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the ""father of observational astronomy"", the ""father of modern physics"", the ""father of the scientific method"", and the ""father of modern science"". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and ""hydrostatic balances"", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His

"Dennis W. Sciama"
portrayal of Sciama in the film. Sciama was of Jewish-Syrian descent and an avowed atheist. In 1959, Sciama married Lidia Dina, a social anthropologist, who survived him, along with their two daughters. . Dennis W. Sciama Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (; 18 November 1926 – 18/19 December 1999) was a British physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. He is considered one of the fathers of modern cosmology. Sciama was born in Manchester, England, the son of Nelly Ades and Abraham Sciama. He

"Giordano Bruno"
Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno (; ; ; born Filippo Bruno, 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and cosmological theorist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which conceptually extended the then-novel Copernican model. He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets, and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of their own, a philosophical position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no ""center"". Starting in 1593, Bruno was tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition on

"Alan Leo"
during the process of the trial. Alan Leo Alan Leo, born William Frederick Allan, (Westminster, 7 August 1860 – Bude, 30 August 1917), was a prominent British astrologer, author, publisher, astrological data collector and theosophist. He is often referred to as ""the father of modern astrology"". His work stimulated a revival of astrology in the Western world after its decline at the end of the 17th century. Leo was a devout theosophist and he worked many of its religious concepts such as karma and reincarnation into his astrology. He used the Theosophical Society's vast international connections to publish, translate and

who discovered one of the first taxonomic classification schemes

"Taxonomy (biology)"
can be traced back to Theophrastus, such as ""Cornus"", ""Crocus"", and ""Narcissus"". Taxonomy in the Middle Ages was largely based on the Aristotelian system, with additions concerning the philosophical and existential order of creatures. This included concepts such as the Great chain of being in the Western scholastic tradition, again deriving ultimately from Aristotle. Aristotelian system did not classify plants or fungi, due to the lack of microscope at the time, as his ideas were based on arranging the complete world in a single continuum, as per the ""scala naturae"" (the Natural Ladder). This, as well, was taken into consideration

beings by their parts, or in modern terms ""attributes"", such as having live birth, having four legs, laying eggs, having blood, or being warm-bodied. He divided all living things into two groups: plants and animals. Some of his groups of animals, such as ""Anhaima"" (animals without blood, translated as invertebrates) and ""Enhaima"" (animals with blood, roughly the vertebrates), as well as groups like the sharks and cetaceans, are still commonly used today. His student Theophrastus (Greece, 370–285 BC) carried on this tradition, mentioning some 500 plants and their uses in his ""Historia Plantarum"". Again, several plant groups currently still recognized

his taxa on many combined characters. The next major taxonomic works were produced by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (France, 1656–1708). His work from 1700, ""Institutiones Rei Herbariae"", included more than 9000 species in 698 genera, which directly influenced Linnaeus, as it was the text he used as a young student. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) ushered in a new era of taxonomy. With his major works ""Systema Naturae"" 1st Edition in 1735, ""Species Plantarum"" in 1753, and ""Systema Naturae"" 10th Edition, he revolutionized modern taxonomy. His works implemented a standardized binomial naming system for animal and plant species, which

consideration of the characteristics of taxa, referred to as ""natural systems"", such as those of de Jussieu (1789), de Candolle (1813) and Bentham and Hooker (1862–1863). These were pre-evolutionary in thinking. The publication of Charles Darwin's ""On the Origin of Species"" (1859) led to new ways of thinking about classification based on evolutionary relationships. This was the concept of phyletic systems, from 1883 onwards. This approach was typified by those of Eichler (1883) and Engler (1886–1892). The advent of molecular genetics and statistical methodology allowed the creation of the modern era of ""phylogenetic systems"" based on cladistics, rather than morphology

in the Great chain of being. Advances were made by scholars such as Procopius, Timotheos of Gaza, Demetrios Pepagomenos, and Thomas Aquinas. Medieval thinkers used abstract philosophical and logical categorizations more suited to abstract philosophy than to pragmatic taxonomy. During the Renaissance, the Age of Reason, and the Enlightenment, categorizing organisms became more prevalent, and taxonomic works became ambitious enough to replace the ancient texts. This is sometimes credited to the development of sophisticated optical lenses, which allowed the morphology of organisms to be studied in much greater detail. One of the earliest authors to take advantage of this leap

"Taxonomy (general)"
at least for the larger and more obvious species, which means that it is not the case that folk taxonomies are based purely on utilitarian characteristics. In the seventeenth century the German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz, following the work of the thirteenth-century Majorcan philosopher Ramon Llull on his ""Ars generalis ultima"", a system for procedurally generating concepts by combining a fixed set of ideas, sought to develop an alphabet of human thought. Leibniz intended his ""characteristica universalis"" to be an ""algebra"" capable of expressing all conceptual thought. The concept of creating such a ""universal language"" was frequently examined in

"Taxonomy of Narcissus"
the Latin form ""narcissus"" (see also Culture). Pliny's account comes to us in his ""Natural History"" (). Like his contemporaries, his interests were as much therapeutic as botanical. Another much cited Greek authority was Dioscorides (, 40 AD – 90 AD) in his De Materia Medica (). Both authors were to remain influential till at least the Renaissance, given that their descriptions went beyond the merely botanical, to the therapeutic (see also Antiquity). An early European reference is found in the work of Albert Magnus (c. 1200 – 1280), who noted in his ""De vegetabilibus et plantis"" the similarity to

"Eichler system"
into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae. The system (here taken from the 4th edition of the ""Syllabus"", 1886) divides plants into divisions, classes and groups. Groups were further divided into orders. Outline: p. 6. Page numbers refer to text Eichler system A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system. It was developed by August W. Eichler (1839–1887), initially in his ""Blüthendiagramme"" (1875–1878) and then in successive editions of his ""Syllabus"" (1876–1890). After his death his colleague Adolf Engler (1844–1930) continued its development, and it became widely accepted.

in technology was the Italian physician Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), who has been called ""the first taxonomist"". His magnum opus ""De Plantis"" came out in 1583, and described more than 1500 plant species. Two large plant families that he first recognized are still in use today: the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. Then in the 17th century John Ray (England, 1627–1705) wrote many important taxonomic works. Arguably his greatest accomplishment was ""Methodus Plantarum Nova"" (1682), in which he published details of over 18,000 plant species. At the time, his classifications were perhaps the most complex yet produced by any taxonomist, as he based

Anglophone world by the speculative but widely read ""Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"", published anonymously by Robert Chambers in 1844. With Darwin's theory, a general acceptance quickly appeared that a classification should reflect the Darwinian principle of common descent. Tree of life representations became popular in scientific works, with known fossil groups incorporated. One of the first modern groups tied to fossil ancestors was birds. Using the then newly discovered fossils of ""Archaeopteryx"" and ""Hesperornis"", Thomas Henry Huxley pronounced that they had evolved from dinosaurs, a group formally named by Richard Owen in 1842. The resulting description, that

"The Resident (TV series)"
marketing. Dungey replaced her as the CEO and the character's name was changed to Claire Thorpe. As the season developed, it was announced that Violett Beane was set to recur in the series, and on April 30, 2018, it was reported that Malcolm-Jamal Warner would have a major recurring role in the final three episodes of the season. On June 18, 2018 it was announced that Warner and other recurring cast member, Glenn Morshower would be promoted to series regulars for the second season. The following day, it was announced that Moran Atias, Merrin Dungey and Melina Kanakaredes would not

2017, Manish Dayal and Bruce Greenwood were the first to be cast in the series for the roles of Devon Pravesh and Soloman Bell, respectively. Greenwood's character name was later changed to Randolph Bell. Matt Czuchry, Emily VanCamp, and Melina Kanakaredes were later announced to be starring in the series as well. Moran Atias was also cast for the role of Renta Thorpe, CEO at Chastain Park, which was originally portrayed by Valerie Cruz in the pilot. However, when Merrin Dungey joined the cast, the producers saw Atias as a better fit for the role of the hospital's head of

inner workings of the characters' duties in emergency and hospital medicine, medical malpractice and deliberate violations of medical ethics are also examined, as well as the bureaucracy of the health care industry. On August 5, 2016, it was announced that Showtime was developing a new original series, known as ""The City"", pitched by executive producer, Antoine Fuqua. It was also announced that Amy Holden Jones would produce the series and co-write the pilot episode along with Hayley Schore and Roshan Sethi. The series, however, was never produced and on January 20, 2017, it was reported that Fox purchased the series

be returning, and that Jane Leeves would also be joining the cast as a regular for the second season on a one-year contract. On July 16, 2018, it was announced that Jenna Dewan is set to recur on season 2. It was later announced on August 27 that Daniella Alonso had also been cast in a recurring role for the second season. Primary photography for the series takes place in and around Atlanta, Georgia. Exterior and some interior shots of the High Museum of Art in midtown-Atlanta were used as the backdrop for the fictional Chastain Park Memorial Hospital. Some

filming also took place in Conyers, Georgia, on a production set previously used for Fox's ""Sleepy Hollow"". Filming for the first production block took place between March 20 and April 5, 2017. Filming for the second season began in July 2018. In the United States, new episodes are broadcast by Fox. Internationally, the series is shown on Seven Network in Australia, City (season 1) and CTV (season 2) in Canada, and on Universal TV in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Latin America, the series is broadcast by Fox's Latin America counterpart. Episodes can be watched next day on the

14-episode season and renewed the series for a second season on May 7, 2018. The first season officially concluded on May 14, 2018. During the 2017–2018 United States television season, the series ranked #41 and averaged 7.02 million viewers. The second season premiered on September 24, 2018. The series revolves around the lives and actions of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital located in Atlanta, Georgia, primarily those of third-year resident internist, Conrad Hawkins; first-year medical intern, Devon Pravesh, who is assigned to Hawkins; as well as Nicolette ""Nic"" Nevin, a nurse practitioner and Hawkins' love interest. Exploring the

The Resident (TV series) The Resident is an American medical drama television series aired by Fox Broadcasting Company that premiered on January 21, 2018, as a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship, and as a mid-season replacement entry in the 2017–18 television season. The fictional series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry. The show was purchased by Fox from Showtime in 2017. It was created by Amy Holden Jones, Hayley Schore, and Roshan Sethi. On May 10, 2017, Fox ordered a full

from Showtime and ordered a pilot episode under the name, ""The Resident"". On May 10, 2017, the series received a full season order of 14 episodes. Phillip Noyce, an executive producer for the series, directed the first two episodes of the season after signing a multi-year deal with 20th Century Fox Television. On May 7, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a 13-episode second season and pre-production began on June 8, 2018. On October 10, 2018, it was reported that Fox ordered an additional nine episodes for the second season, bringing the total episode count to 22. On February 21,

core concepts of medicine"". A second medical student indirectly called the series unrealistic. The Resident (TV series) The Resident is an American medical drama television series aired by Fox Broadcasting Company that premiered on January 21, 2018, as a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship, and as a mid-season replacement entry in the 2017–18 television season. The fictional series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry. The show was purchased by Fox from Showtime in 2017. It was created by Amy Holden Jones,

"The Resident (film)"
The Resident (film) The Resident is a 2011 British thriller film directed by Antti Jokinen and starring Hilary Swank and Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Swank stars as a recently single woman who rents an apartment in New York City and comes to suspect that someone is stalking her. The film also features a cameo from Hammer Films star Christopher Lee, in his first collaboration with the studio since 1976's ""To the Devil a Daughter"" and his last before his death in 2015. Juliet Devereau (Hilary Swank), an emergency room surgeon, rents an apartment in New York City from Max (Jeffrey Dean

"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)"
for the U.S. state of Georgia; and George Smoot, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In November 2006 it was pitched as ""Do You Remember Grade School?"" by Burnett and Zoo Productions to network executives in the form of a six-question quiz; the only network president who was able to win on the quiz was Fox's Peter Liguori. On January 31, 2007, Fox announced that they had picked up the show for an initial six-episode run, and on February 9 Foxworthy was announced as host. Less than eight weeks after

began on September 6, 2007, and aired in the same timeslot. Following the end of the original run of the primetime version on September 18, 2009, a first-run syndicated version of the show ran from September 2009 to May 2011, with Foxworthy returning as host. On May 26, 2015, the program returned to Fox for a new, sixth season, with Foxworthy, again, returning as host. The show also airs internationally, and the format has been picked up for local versions in a number of other countries. ""5th Grader"" games are played by a single contestant, who attempts to answer ten

"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?"
Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is a game show franchise based on the television game show of the same name. The television show began broadcast on the Fox Broadcasting Company network as a special in the United States and Canada on February 27, 2007, and it grew to be popular enough that a half-hour-long syndicated TV series was developed by the owners. Since then, ""Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?"" has been replicated in several other countries, some versions under the same title, and some under modified ones. The first

Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an American quiz game show that aired on Fox. It is produced by Mark Burnett and is hosted by Jeff Foxworthy. The show premiered as a three-day special which began on February 27, 2007 with the first two shows each a half-hour in length. Regular one-hour episodes began airing Thursdays from March 1 through May 10, and the first season continued with new episodes beginning May 31. ""Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?"" was picked up for the 2007–08 season, which

season of this TV program ranked 28th in the Nielsen ratings in the U.S., with an average of 12.7 million viewers per episode. The status of the Fox-TV series following the summer of 2008 was unknown, but the syndicated TV show debuted in late September 2009. Episodes from this series were also broadcast on MyNetworkTV one evening per week, and on the Country Music Television (CMT) channel it was broadcast on five evenings per week. GSN began airing the show November 6, 2011 in five-hour blocks starting at 7:00 p.m. Eastern/6:00 p.m. They currently air ""Are You Smarter than a

""cheats"" by landing symbols on the primary game: Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is a game show franchise based on the television game show of the same name. The television show began broadcast on the Fox Broadcasting Company network as a special in the United States and Canada on February 27, 2007, and it grew to be popular enough that a half-hour-long syndicated TV series was developed by the owners. Since then, ""Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?"" has been replicated in several other countries, some versions under the same

to a higher-grade question before attempting at least one question from each lower grade. David Hinckley of the ""New York Daily News"" gave the revival series' cast a positive review, calling the classmates ""terrific... smart, outgoing and funny,"" while arguing that Foxworthy ""understands how much to showcase them."" The first season of the original series averaged 11.5 million viewers. The 2015 revival premiered on May 26, 2015 to 3.31 million viewers, scoring a 0.8/3 rating/share among adults 18–49. Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an American quiz game

2009. This version features a top prize of $250,000 and a tweaked format between the prime time version and the daytime version. On March 24, 2011, the show was canceled along with ""Don't Forget the Lyrics!"" due to low ratings. Reruns continued on several cable outlets for a year afterward; as of 2018, the reruns air on Light TV. On the syndicated version, each class had three kids in each episode, but there were nine kids who traded off with one another throughout both seasons. The class is as follows: The game play for this version of ""5th Grader"" is

that the revival was the result of a conversation he had over dinner with Mark Burnett the previous year, in which he considered ""5th Grader"" to be his favorite television role. When Fox approached him later in 2014 about reviving the series, he accepted the role with little hesitation. In each game, the contestant (an adult) is asked a series of eleven questions, spanning ten subjects (such as Animal Science, Spelling or Math) taken from textbooks for first through fifth grade students. Each question is associated with a grade level; there are two questions per grade, from first to fifth.

"Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader?"
variations in the Canadian version, however: Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? is a Canadian English television game show, which began airing on October 25, 2007 on Global. The show, based on the U.S. game show ""Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?"", was hosted by Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie. Five episodes were produced, and aired Thursdays at 9 p.m. ET. Contestants included a lawyer, a professor, a nuclear engineer amongst others. A veterinarian, Andrew Oster, from Midland, Ontario was the show's biggest winner garnering $300,000 (CDN), tax-free; his prize

"Little Boy Blue (TV series)"
Little Boy Blue (TV series) Little Boy Blue is an ITV drama series, shown over four sixty-minute episodes from 24 April to 15 May 2017. The series focuses on the murder of Rhys Jones in Croxteth, Liverpool in 2007. Stephen Graham was cast as Detective Superintendent Dave Kelly and Sinead Keenan and Brían F. O'Byrne were cast as Melanie and Steve Jones, respectively in a new four-part drama titled ""Little Boy Blue"". On 18 April 2017, it was confirmed that the programme would begin its broadcasting on 24 April 2017 on a weekly basis, concluding on 15 May. ""Little Boy

Blue"" aired in four sixty-minute episodes. Whilst filming took place in Liverpool, the murder scene itself was filmed outside Liverpool as a sign of respect for his parents. However locations used in Liverpool include the Anglican Cathedral and Liverpool Crown Court. Little Boy Blue (TV series) Little Boy Blue is an ITV drama series, shown over four sixty-minute episodes from 24 April to 15 May 2017. The series focuses on the murder of Rhys Jones in Croxteth, Liverpool in 2007. Stephen Graham was cast as Detective Superintendent Dave Kelly and Sinead Keenan and Brían F. O'Byrne were cast as Melanie

"Little Boy Blue (film)"
Little Boy Blue (film) Little Boy Blue is a 1997 film directed by Antonio Tibaldi about a dysfunctional Texas family. The father, Ray (John Savage) is a Vietnam War veteran who was left impotent from a war injury. His high school son Jimmy West (Ryan Phillippe) tries to protect his two younger brothers from their abusive father. There is a family secret that gets revealed. Living in the backwoods of Texas is the dysfunctional and apparently incestuous family: a psychotic war veteran father, Ray West, a compliant wife, Kate, and a 19-year-old son, Jimmy, who is relegated to a warehouse

"Desmond Askew"
Desmond Askew Desmond Askew (born 17 December 1972) is an English actor of film and television. In 1983 he had the lead role of 'naughty schoolboy' in the promo video of the Wham! single ""Bad Boys"". He has appeared in films such as ""Go"" (1999), ""Repli-Kate"" (2002), ""The Hills Have Eyes"" (2006) and ""Turistas"" (2006). He has appeared in episodic television on series such as ""Grange Hill"", ""Las Vegas"", ""Charmed"", the short-lived ""Then Came You"", and as the recurring character Brody Davis on ""Roswell"". He also voiced many minor characters (including Jowan and Chanter Devons) in the 2009 video game

only available in a fullscreen format. There are no plans to re-release the film on DVD/Blu-ray in widescreen format. Little Boy Blue (film) Little Boy Blue is a 1997 film directed by Antonio Tibaldi about a dysfunctional Texas family. The father, Ray (John Savage) is a Vietnam War veteran who was left impotent from a war injury. His high school son Jimmy West (Ryan Phillippe) tries to protect his two younger brothers from their abusive father. There is a family secret that gets revealed. Living in the backwoods of Texas is the dysfunctional and apparently incestuous family: a psychotic war

"Steve Burns"
Steve Burns Steven Michael Burns (born October 9, 1973) is an American actor, television host, guitarist, musician, and singer. He is known as the original host of the long-running children's preschool television program ""Blue's Clues"" from 1996 to 2002, for which he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in 2001. Burns was born in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. He attended Boyertown Area Senior High School in Berks County and graduated from there in 1991. Burns played in bands called Sudden Impact US, Nine Pound Truck, and the Ivys (which he has called a ""Morrissey rip-off band"") while in high school and college.

"Donald Foley"
felt like something was missing, so I decided to make a change and try my hand at acting. I never looked back.” Foley was from Boston and is best known for his role of Bluey Batchelder in the movie ""The Golden Boys"". Donald Foley Donald Foley (1963-2011) was an American actor. Shortly after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Donald Foley made a decision. “It kind of woke me up a little bit,” he said. Life was too short and too uncertain to waste it doing something he didn’t really want to do, he said. A self-employed computer programmer, Foley was

Wallace Langham James Wallace Langham II (born March 11, 1965) is an American actor. He played the role of David Hodges in the American crime drama television series """". Formerly billed as Wally Ward, Langham got his start in the John Hughes film ""Weird Science"", as well as in ""The Invisible Kid"" and the ABC Afterschool Special entitled ""Just a Regular Kid: An AIDS Story"", but later moved to roles as a young bigot in ""Soul Man"" and as a gang leader in ""The Chocolate War"". He appeared in the Eddie Murphy comedy ""Daddy Day Care"", and the critically acclaimed

"Randy Brooks (actor)"
Randy Brooks (actor) Frederick Randolph Brooks (born January 30, 1950) is an American television and film actor known for his role as L.A.P.D. Detective Holdaway in the 1992 hit cult film ""Reservoir Dogs"". Brooks also starred in the 1988 hit drama film ""Colors"". Brooks is also well known in the soap opera community; he starred on ""Generations"" in 1990 as Eric Royal, on ""The Young and the Restless"" as Nathan Hastings from 1992–95, on ""Another World"" as Marshall Lincoln Kramer from 1994–95, and on ""All My Children"" as Hayes Grady in 1996. He has starred in a couple of short-lived

"Eric Lloyd"
Eric Lloyd Eric Lloyd (born David Eric Lloyd Morelli; May 19, 1986) is an American actor, comedian, musician and producer. Lloyd is best known for work as a child actor in such roles as Charlie Calvin in Disney's ""The Santa Clause"" film trilogy, and as ""Little John"" Warner in the NBC television series ""Jesse"". His television career began when, between ages 2 and 5, he was cast as a young Kevin Arnold (Fred Savage) in episodes of ""The Wonder Years"". His film credits include ""Batman & Robin"", ""Dunston Checks In"", ""My Giant"", ""The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars"", and

"Peripheral nervous system"
of smooth muscle and glands. The connection between CNS and organs allows the system to be in two different functional states: sympathetic and parasympathetic. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is under voluntary control, and transmits signals from the brain to end organs such as muscles. The sensory nervous system is part of the somatic nervous system and transmits signals from senses such as taste and touch (including fine touch and gross touch) to the spinal cord and brain. The autonomic nervous system is a 'self-regulating'

system which influences the function of organs outside voluntary control, such as the heart rate, or the functions of the digestive system. The somatic system includes the sensory nervous system and the somatosensory system and consists of sensory nerves and somatic nerves, and many nerves which hold both functions. In the head and neck, cranial nerves carry somatosensory data. There are twelve cranial nerves, ten of which originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions. The nuclei of the olfactory nerve and the optic nerves lie in the forebrain

and thalamus, respectively, and are thus not considered to be true cranial nerves. One unique cranial nerve is the vagus nerve, which receives sensory information from organs in the thorax and abdomen. The accessory nerve is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, neither of which being exclusively in the head. For the rest of the body, spinal nerves are responsible for somatosensory information. These arise from the spinal cord. Usually these arise as a web (""plexus"") of interconnected nerves roots that arrange to form single nerves. These nerves control the functions of the rest of the body. In

it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. In the somatic nervous system, the cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), along with the retina. The second cranial nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon. Cranial nerve ganglia originated in the CNS. However, the remaining ten cranial nerve axons extend beyond the brain and are therefore considered part of the PNS. The autonomic nervous system is an involuntary control

(cerebrum as well as midbrain and hindbrain) consists of a cortex, composed of neuron-bodies constituting gray matter, while internally there is more white matter that form tracts and commissures. Apart from cortical gray matter there is also subcortical gray matter making up a large number of different nuclei. From and to the spinal cord are projections of the peripheral nervous system in the form of spinal nerves (sometimes segmental nerves). The nerves connect the spinal cord to skin, joints, muscles etc. and allow for the transmission of efferent motor as well as afferent sensory signals and stimuli. This allows for

humans, there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. These nerve roots are named according to the spinal vertebrata which they are adjacent to. In the cervical region, the spinal nerve roots come out ""above"" the corresponding vertebrae (i.e., nerve root between the skull and 1st cervical vertebrae is called spinal nerve C1). From the thoracic region to the coccygeal region, the spinal nerve roots come out ""below"" the corresponding vertebrae. It is important to note that this method creates a problem when naming the spinal nerve root between C7

only around the digestive tract, this system allows for local control without input from the sympathetic or the parasympathetic branches, though it can still receive and respond to signals from the rest of the body. The enteric system is responsible for various functions related to gastrointestinal system. The sympathetic system is activated during a “fight or flight” situation in which great mental stress or physical danger is encountered. Neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, and epinephrine are released, which increases heart rate and blood flow in certain areas like muscle, while simultaneously decreasing activities of non-critical functions for survival, like digestion. The

and T1 (so it is called spinal nerve root C8). In the lumbar and sacral region, the spinal nerve roots travel within the dural sac and they travel below the level of L2 as the cauda equina. The first 4 cervical spinal nerves, C1 through C4, split and recombine to produce a variety of nerves that serve the neck and back of head. Spinal nerve C1 is called the suboccipital nerve, which provides motor innervation to muscles at the base of the skull. C2 and C3 form many of the nerves of the neck, providing both sensory and motor control.

Peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull, or by the blood–brain barrier, which leaves

spinal cord has certain processing ability such as that of spinal locomotion and can process reflexes, the brain is the major processing unit of the nervous system. The brainstem consists of the medulla, the pons and the midbrain. The medulla can be referred to as an extension of the spinal cord, and its organization and functional properties are similar to those of the spinal cord. The tracts passing from the spinal cord to the brain pass through here. Regulatory functions of the medulla nuclei include control of the blood pressure and breathing. Other nuclei are involved in balance, taste, hearing

"Star vs. the Forces of Evil"
on September 11, 2018. The series is to receive a series of Pop! vinyl figures from Funko, consisting of Star, Marco, Tom, and Ludo, on December 20, 2018. Star vs. the Forces of Evil Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated television series created by Daron Nefcy and developed by Jordana Arkin and Dave Wasson, which airs on Disney XD. The first Disney XD series created by a woman, and the third overall for Disney Television Animation (following ""Pepper Ann"" and ""Doc McStuffins""), it follows the adventures of Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), the turbulent young

and Marco Diaz (Adam McArthur), a human teenager who becomes her roommate and best friend, as they live their daily lives, and go on adventures in other dimensions. ""Star vs. the Forces of Evil"" typically follows a format of two 11-minutes long independent ""segments"" per episode. The first episode aired on January 18, 2015 on Disney XD and became the most-watched animated series debut in Disney XD’s history. The fourth season is to premiere in 2019. Star Butterfly is a magical princess from the dimension of Mewni, and the heir to the royal throne of the Butterfly Kingdom. As per

""The Battle for Mewni"" and consisted of the first four episodes. A live chat featuring Star and Marco was aired on Disney XD on July 17. The remaining third-season episodes started airing on November 6, 2017. A fourth season was also ordered ahead of the third season premiere. ""Star vs. the Forces of Evil"" premiered in Canada on the DHX-owned Disney XD on April 6, 2015, and was later moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD on December 1. The series premiered on Disney XD channels in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 16, 2015, in Australia on August 3,

first episode premiered on Disney Channel in January 2015. The positive reaction on social media prompted Disney XD to order a second season of the series in February 2015, six weeks ahead of its launch of the series on Disney XD in March. Disney sitcom actors Olivia Holt and Kelli Berglund participated in promoting the series the weeks before its Disney XD premiere, with Holt dressing up as Star. The second season premiered on July 11, 2016, The show's third season was ordered ahead in March 2016. It premiered on July 15, 2017 with a two-hour long television movie entitled

sound and relating it to indie rock in Los Angeles. The show was initially scheduled to premiere on Disney Channel after being greenlighted in March 2013, for a premiere in the Fall of 2014, before being switched over to Disney XD. However, on February 23, 2018, it was announced that the show would be moving to Disney Channel for its fourth season. The show's title sequence was promoted at Comic-Con 2014 six months prior to its scheduled broadcast premiere. As a result, the footage was uploaded by fans to YouTube who then started generating fan art and fan fiction. The

Star vs. the Forces of Evil Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated television series created by Daron Nefcy and developed by Jordana Arkin and Dave Wasson, which airs on Disney XD. The first Disney XD series created by a woman, and the third overall for Disney Television Animation (following ""Pepper Ann"" and ""Doc McStuffins""), it follows the adventures of Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), the turbulent young heir to the royal throne in the dimension of Mewni, who is sent to Earth so she can complete her education and learn to be a worthy princess,

in June 2015. A comic book series titled ""Deep Trouble"" was written by storyboarder Zach Marcus and illustrated by character designer Devin Taylor, both of whom are part of the ""Star"" crew. They have been released monthly by Joe Books starting in September 2016. A ""Cinestory"" comic was also developed and released. The book ""Star and Marco's Guide to Mastering Every Dimension"", authored by Amber Benson and supervising producer Dominic Bisignano, was released on March 7, 2017. Another book for the series, titled ""The Book of Spells"", authored by the show's creator, Daron Nefcy, alongside Benson and Bisignano, was published

with a worldwide gross of over $2 billion and a net profit of over $780 million. It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations, where it won the award for Best Special Visual Effects. It was followed by """" in December 2017, with """" scheduled for release in 2019. Thirty years after the Galactic Civil War, the First Order has risen from the fallen Galactic Empire and seeks to eliminate the New Republic. The Resistance, backed by the Republic and led by General Leia Organa, opposes them while Leia searches for her brother, Luke Skywalker.

"Star Wars Forces of Destiny"
on July 9, Disney announced via Twitter that only two episodes were going to be broadcast. A second set of eight episodes was released in October 2017. It was subsequently announced that episodes will air in two half-hour specials on Disney Channel on October 1 and October 29. Each episode is written by Jennifer Muro and directed by Brad Rau. A second season of fifteen additional episodes was announced in September 2017. The episodes were released on March 19, 2018 online and aired on Disney Channel on March 25, 2018. A series of youth books will initially adapt the episodes.

and in the Middle East and Africa on October 5. It also premiered on November 8 on Disney Channel in Southeast Asia. The series premiered on March 6, 2016, as ""Star Butterfly"" in French on Disney La Chaîne in Canada. The show premiered on November 2 on Disney XD in Italy, and on Disney Channel on November 2, 2016. ""Star vs. the Forces of Evil"" has received positive reviews by critics. Kevin Johnson of ""The A.V. Club"" gave the pilot episode a B+, saying that the show was something children could have a lot of fun with, noting how the

"2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash"
at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. The race is 75 laps in length, and is divided into two segments; the first is 25 laps and the second is 50 laps. The race is open to those drivers who won a pole in the 2017 season or had won ""The Clash"" previously. The 2018 Clash at Daytona will not be a predetermined number of cars; rather, the field is limited to drivers who meet more exclusive criteria. Only drivers who were 2017 Pole Award winners, former Clash race winners,

"Advance Auto Parts Clash"
start that then culminates in a 50 lap final segment. Like the All-Star Race held at Charlotte, the race awards no championship points but instead offers a large cash purse – circumstances which are supposed to encourage an all-out driving style not seen in regular-season races. The 2018 Clash at Daytona will not be a predetermined number of cars; rather, the field is limited to drivers who meet more exclusive criteria. Only drivers who were Daytona Pole Award winners, former Clash race winners, former Daytona 500 pole winners who competed full-time in 2017, and drivers who qualified for the 2017

Advance Auto Parts Clash The Advance Auto Parts Clash is an annual invitation-only Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series exhibition event held at Daytona International Speedway in February, the weekend before the Daytona 500. It is the first competitive event of the season and serves as a kickoff event for the NASCAR portion of Speedweeks. The event was originally known as the Busch Clash, and consisted of a 20-lap/50-mile, ""all-out sprint"" for the previous season's pole position winners (considered the ""de facto"" ""fastest drivers on the circuit""). In its current format it is made up of two segments, a 25 lap

Playoffs are eligible. The defending winner of the Clash at Daytona is Brad Keselowski after winning in 2018. The event was first known as the Busch Clash and was the brain child of Monty Roberts. Roberts was the brand manager of the newly formed Busch Beer (which had formerly been ""Busch Bavarian Beer""). And the race was seen as a way to promote the new brand. Roberts had been successful introducing Mercury into racing while working at Ford, and had also been a part of Ontario Motor Speedway. His experiences led him to believe that racing fans were loyal brand

"2017 Advance Auto Parts Clash"
at Daytona International Speedway is a four–turn superspeedway that is The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. The race is 75 laps in length, and is divided into two segments; the first is 25 laps and the second is 50 laps. The race is open to those drivers who won a pole in the 2016 season or had won ""The Clash"" previously. The 2017 Clash at Daytona will not be a predetermined number of cars; rather, the field is limited to drivers who meet

"2019 Advance Auto Parts Clash"
banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. The race is 75 laps in length, and is divided into two segments; the first is 25 laps and the second is 50 laps. The race is open to those drivers who won a pole in the 2017 season or had won ""The Clash"" previously. The 2019 Clash at Daytona will not be a predetermined number of cars; rather, the field is limited to drivers who meet more exclusive criteria. Only drivers who were 2018 Pole Award winners, former Clash race

etc.) The total race distance was 75 laps (187.5 miles). For 2013, the vote resulted in a mandatory four-tire pit stop, and no cars were eliminated. For 2014, voting set the starting lineup per final practice speeds and required mandatory pit stops after the second segment. Advance Auto Parts Clash The Advance Auto Parts Clash is an annual invitation-only Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series exhibition event held at Daytona International Speedway in February, the weekend before the Daytona 500. It is the first competitive event of the season and serves as a kickoff event for the NASCAR portion of Speedweeks.

of the wreck and drove on to his first Clash victory. FS1 covered the race on the television side; Mike Joy, Darrell Waltrip and Jeff Gordon handled the call in the booth for the race; Matt Yocum, Jamie Little and Vince Welch handled pit road for the television side. 2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash The 2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 11, 2018, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Contested over 75 laps, it was the first exhibition race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.

certain aspects of the race. In 2017, the race was renamed the Advance Auto Parts Clash after Advance Auto Parts signed a multi-year deal to sponsor the event. The 2017 race was delayed to Sunday due to persistent rain, marking the first time the race has been run during the day since 2006. The race consisted of a single twenty-lap (50-mile) green flag sprint with no pit stops required. Caution flag laps would not count. The race was broken into two ten-lap, green flag segments. The field was then inverted for the second ten-lap segment. Prize money was awarded for

"Daytona 500"
naturalized American citizen. He remains the only foreign-born driver to win the race. ‡ – Record for fastest Daytona 500 at set by Buddy Baker in 1980. Daytona 500 The Daytona 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series motor race held annually at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is the first of two Cup races held every year at Daytona, the second being the Coke Zero 400, and one of three held in Florida, with the annual championship showdown Ford EcoBoost 400 being held at Homestead south of Miami. It is one of the four restrictor

"String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)"
the Indian Ocean. Chinese possessions in the Indian Ocean consist primarily of commercial ports owned and operated by Chinese firms, as well as resupply stations operating in agreement with the Chinese central government. The two largest projects consist of a Chinese-financed commercial shipping center in Hambantota, Sri Lanka, and a Chinese-controlled deep-water port near the mouth of the Persian Gulf in Gwadar, Pakistan, which is also the crux of China's massive $46 billion China Pakistan Economic Corridor project. Both sites have raised the concern of neighboring powers, most significantly India, which fears the possibility of a string of Chinese bases

Pearl
south Pacific and Indian Ocean. The largest pearl oyster is the ""Pinctada maxima"", which is roughly the size of a dinner plate. South Sea pearls are characterized by their large size and warm luster. Sizes up to 14 mm in diameter are not uncommon. In 2013, Indonesia Pearl supplied 43 percent of South Sea Pearls international market. The other significant producers are Australia, Philippines, Myanmar and Malaysia. In 1914, pearl farmers began growing cultured freshwater pearls using the pearl mussels native to Lake Biwa. This lake, the largest and most ancient in Japan, lies near the city of Kyoto. The

"Pearl millet"
grown in areas where other cereal crops, such as maize or wheat, would not survive. Pearl millet is a summer annual crop well-suited for double cropping and rotations. Today pearl millet is grown on over 260,000 km of land worldwide. It accounts for about 50% of the total world production of millets. Pearl millet is commonly used to make the flat bread ""bhakri"". It is also boiled to make an tamil porridge called ""kamban choru"" or ""kamban koozh"". India is the largest producer of pearl millet. India began growing millet before c. 3300 BCE. It is currently unknown how it

made its way to India. Rajasthan is the highest-producing state in India. The first hybrid of pearl millet developed in India in 1965 is called the HB1. Kambu (கம்பு) is the Tamil name of pearl millet and is an important food across the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the second important food for Tamil people consumed predominantly in the hot humid summer months from February through July every year. It is made into a gruel and consumed along with butter milk or consumed as dosa or Tamil idly. The second largest producer of pearl millet and the first

"Gulf of Mannar"
covers an area of 10,500 km² of ocean,21 islands and the adjoining coastline. The islets and coastal buffer zone include beaches, estuaries, and tropical dry broadleaf forests, while the marine environments include seaweed communities, sea grass communities, coral reefs, salt marshes and mangrove forests. The Gulf of Mannar is known for its pearl banks of ""Pinctada radiata"" and ""Pinctada fucata"" for at least two thousand years. Pliny the Elder (23–79) praised the pearl fishery of the gulf as one of the most productive in the world. Although extraction of natural pearls is considered too expensive in most parts of the

Pearl
is a particularly large one weighing 14 lb (6.4 kg). The largest known pearl (also from a giant clam) is the Pearl of Puerto, also found in the Philippines by a fisherman from Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island. The enormous pearl is 30 cm wide (1 ft), 67 cm long (2.2 ft) and weighs 75 lb (34 kg). The ancient chronicle Mahavamsa mentions the thriving pearl industry in the port of Oruwella in the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka. It also records that eight varieties of pearls accompanied Prince Vijaya's embassy to the Pandyan king as well as king Devanampiya

"Indian prawn"
profit can be increased by value-addition to the shrimp in the form of shrimp pickles, cutlets, battered, ready-to-cook, etc. Indian prawn The Indian prawn (""Fenneropenaeus indicus"", formerly ""Penaeus indicus""), is one of the major commercial prawn species of the world. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern and south-eastern Africa, through India, Malaysia and Indonesia to southern China and northern Australia. Adult shrimp grow to a length of about and live on the seabed to depths of about . The early developmental stages take place in the sea before the larvae move into estuaries. They return to the

"Indian mackerel"
Indian mackerel The Indian mackerel (""Rastrelliger kanagurta"") is a species of mackerel in the scombrid family (family Scombridae) of order Perciformes. It is commonly found in the Indian and West Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. It is an important food fish and is commonly used in South and South-East Asian cuisine. It is known by various names, such as 'Kembung' in Indonesia, ""Bangdi"" (બાંગડી) in Gujarati, ""Bangda""(बांगडा) in Marathi, ""Aiyla""(അയല, ഐല) in Malayalam and 'Bangude' (ಬಂಗುಡೆ) in Tulu, Konkani and Kannada. The Indian mackerel is found in warm shallow waters along the coasts of the Indian and Western Pacific

situated just off its coast. Chinese investment in Hambantota, and Sri Lanka's dialogue partner status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), is seen by some Indian analysts as reflective of a wider encirclement strategy on the part of the Chinese. The port at Gwadar, which is connected to the Karakoram Highway linking Western China and the Arabian Sea, is of even greater concern to the Indian government, which views it as powerful evidence of Chinese and Pakistani collusion against Indian security and economic interests. For both Pakistan and China, the Gwadar port as part of the much-wide China Pakistan Economic

"Pearl Fishery Coast"
Pearl Fishery Coast The Pearl Fishery Coast refers to a coastal area of southern India, extending along the Coromandel Coast from Tuticorin to Comorin ruled by Paravars. The coast took its name from the presence of pearls on the coast, and the numerous fisheries that operated to exploit them. In a conflict between the Paravas and the Arabs in 1532, the Paravas sought protection from the Portuguese. In 1535, the Portuguese led an army under Pedro Vaz and expelled the Arabs. As a compensation, the Paravas accepted to convert to Christianity. The Portuguese conquered the Pearl Fishery Coast from the

"Nissan Xterra"
moved from Smyrna, Tennessee, to Nissan's facility in Canton, Mississippi. Early US models include X, S and PRO-4X, with a choice of 6-speed manual or 5-speed automatic transmissions, a choice of part-time 4-wheel drive or 2-wheel drive. Changes include: The Xterra was discontinued in the U.S. after the 2015 model year. Poor fuel economy, declining sales, and mandated upgrades to safety and emissions were cited as reasons. All Nissan-produced Xterras manufactured outside the U.S. were built in São José dos Pinhais, Brazil until 2007. (Nissan ceased Brazilian production entirely in 2007.) It is built under license by Pars Khodro in

Nissan Xterra The Nissan Xterra is a front-engine, 2-wheel or 4-wheel drive, five-door, five passenger, truck-based compact SUV manufactured and marketed by Nissan Motors from 1999-2015 across two generations; the first (1999-2004) sharing a platform as well as front bumper, hood, A-pillar, windshield and front doors with the Nissan Frontier pickup — and the second (2005-2015) also sharing its platform with the Frontier. While the two Xterra generations differed significantly, both prioritized ruggedness and affordability over luxury and used body-on-frame construction along with underbody skid plates. Both generations also used a two-box design with c-pillar-mounted rear door handles, asymmetrical rear

E. Trim levels for the Oting were called the China III MT L, China III MT E, China III AT L, China IV MT L, China IV MT E, Diesel 2WD and the Diesel 4WD. Following the Xterra's discontinuation from the U.S. market in 2015, Nissan began testing a Navara-based SUV. The Nissan Terra made its debut in Asia in early 2018. Nissan Xterra The Nissan Xterra is a front-engine, 2-wheel or 4-wheel drive, five-door, five passenger, truck-based compact SUV manufactured and marketed by Nissan Motors from 1999-2015 across two generations; the first (1999-2004) sharing a platform as well as

generation Xterra debuted at the New York International Auto Show in 2004 using Nissan's F-Alpha platform. Larger in all dimensions than its predecessor, it entered showrooms in early 2005 for the 2005 model year. The standard engine was upgraded to Nissan's 4.0 L VQ40DE variable valve timing V6, producing . A rear differential locker was offered for off-roading. The Xterra received a facelift for 2009 (July 2008 production) with more options and colors, leather seats on SE models, and roof mounted lights on off-road models. The last year of the Nissan Xterra in Mexico was 2008. In 2012, production was

"Ford Taurus X"
versions were produced at Chicago Assembly, in Chicago, Illinois. Unlike the D3 sedans, the Freestyle/Taurus X was sold exclusively as a Ford. Following its discontinuation in 2009, it was not directly replaced, but its role in the Ford line was largely taken over by the larger Ford Flex. The Taurus X ended production on February 27, 2009 and was marketed in the United States and Canada, as well as South Korea and the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam. The Freestyle was previewed at the 2003 Detroit Auto Show with a Freestyle Concept before entering production

Iran as the Nissan Roniz, and in China by Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile as the () from 2003 to 2013. The ""Paladin"" uses the same chassis and running gear as the first generation Nissan Xterra, and the 2.4L KA24DE engine mated to a 5-speed manual transmission. The front end is from the local Pickup. (The second generation Xterra model is only available in North America.) Other difference between the American Xterra and its Chinese counterparts is the parking brake actuator, a pedal with a pull-handle release in America, and a lever in China. Dongfeng Motors produces a Chinese version of the

"Ford Sierra"
The XR4i had an identical front end to the Ghia, bar the bumper which was slightly different. The rear lights of the Ghia were the same shape and layout as other models, but featured tiny horizontal strakes on the lenses to give the impression that they were smoked. For the 1985 model year, all the lower spec models, except the base model, adopted the Ghia and XR4i's front grille and headlight treatment. The car was replaced by the Mondeo in Europe in March 1993, although stocks lasted for about two years afterwards. It remained a popular second-hand buy and common

"Scion xB"
46. Although Toyota expected the xA to sell better than the xB, the reverse proved to be true, with the xB outselling its sibling 2 to 1. However, in early 2016, Toyota announced the discontinuation of the xB. The Scion xB was Scion's most popular model in the United States until 2011, when it was surpassed by the tC. In the U.S., sales of the xB have been dropping after the introduction of the second generation, from a peak of over 60,000 to 17,017 in 2011. In 2009, Great Wall Motor of China released the Coolbear, which is a copy

"Jaguar XK"
Jaguar XK The Jaguar XK (XK, XK8 and XKR) is a two-door grand touring 2+2 manufactured and marketed by Jaguar Cars from 1996-2014 in coupé and convertible bodystyles, across two generations. The XK was introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1996 and was last manufactured in July 2014. The first generation was marketed as the XK8, replacing the XJS and was Jaguar's first 8-cylinder model since the Daimler 250, introducing the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine. The second generation XK, noted for its aluminium monocoque bodyshell, was launched in 2006 for model year 2007. Both generations were marketed in performance

a major decrease in sales. During its production, the Taurus X was partially affected by the automotive industry crisis of 2008–10. Although more fuel-efficient than SUVs such as the V8-engined Ford Expedition and Ford Explorer, full-size crossovers such as the Taurus X were avoided in favor of smaller crossovers and sedans. In 2009, the Ford Flex was introduced as the replacement for the discontinued Ford Freestar/Mercury Monterey. The Taurus X was discontinued for the 2009 model year, with the Flex unofficially serving as its replacement. The 2005-2007 Ford Freestyle, and the 2008-2009 Ford Taurus X, were offered in several different

"Tr (Unix)"
Tr (Unix) tr is a command in Unix-like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate, indicating its operation of replacing or removing specific characters in its input data set. The utility reads a byte stream from its standard input and writes the result to the standard output. As arguments, it takes two sets of characters (generally of the same length), and replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the corresponding elements from the second set. For example, maps all characters ""a"" to ""j"", ""b"" to ""k"", ""c"" to ""m"", and ""d"" to ""n"". The

operates analogously. Tcl's ""string map"" command is more general in that it maps strings to strings while tr maps characters to characters. Tr (Unix) tr is a command in Unix-like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate, indicating its operation of replacing or removing specific characters in its input data set. The utility reads a byte stream from its standard input and writes the result to the standard output. As arguments, it takes two sets of characters (generally of the same length), and replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the corresponding elements from

Control-Alt-Delete
Control-Alt-Delete Control-Alt-Delete (often abbreviated to Ctrl+Alt+Del, also known as the ""three-finger salute"" or ""Security Keys"") is a computer keyboard command on IBM PC compatible computers, invoked by pressing the Delete key while holding the Control and Alt keys: . The function of the key combination differs depending on the context but it generally interrupts or facilitates interrupting a function. For instance, in pre-boot environment (before an operating system starts) or in DOS, Windows 3.0 and earlier versions of Windows or OS/2, the key combination reboots the computer. Starting with Windows 95, the command invokes a task manager or security related

AUTOEXEC.BAT
the codice_7 file processing has finished. While DOS by itself provides no means to pass batch file parameters to codice_5 for codice_1 processing, the alternative command-line processor 4DOS supports a codice_13 ""codice_14"" directive and codice_15 startup option to define such parameters. Under Concurrent DOS, Multiuser DOS and REAL/32, three initial parameters will be passed to either the corresponding codice_16 (if it exists) or the generic codice_1 startup file, codice_18 holds the virtual console number, codice_19 the 2-digit terminal number (xx) (with 00 being the main console) and codice_20 the 1-digit session number (y). Windows NT and its descendants Windows XP

"Cut, copy, and paste"
deleted or removed. The popularity of this method stems from its simplicity and the ease with which users can move data between various applications visually – without resorting to permanent storage. Once one has copied data into the clipboard, one may paste the contents of the clipboard into a destination document. The X Window System maintains an additional clipboard containing the most recently selected text; middle-clicking pastes the content of this ""selection"" clipboard into whatever the pointer is on at that time. Most terminal emulators and some other applications support the key combinations Ctrl-Insert to copy and Shift-Insert to paste.

"Carriage return"
left and the term ""carrier return"" was sometimes used for this function. To improve the keyboard for non-English-speakers, the symbol ↵ (U+21B5, HTML entity codice_1) was introduced to communicate the combined carriage return and line feed action. In computing, the carriage return is one of the control characters in ASCII code, Unicode, EBCDIC, and many other codes. It commands a printer, or other output system such as the display of a system console, to move the position of the cursor to the first position on the same line. It was mostly used along with line feed (LF), a move to

"Auto ptr"
Auto ptr auto_ptr is a class template that was available in previous versions of the C++ Standard Library (declared in the codice_1 header file), which provides some basic RAII features for C++ raw pointers. It has been replaced by the unique_ptr class. The codice_2 template class describes an object that stores a pointer to a single allocated object that ensures that the object to which it points gets destroyed automatically when control leaves a scope. The C++11 standard made codice_2 deprecated, replacing it with the codice_4 class template. codice_2 was fully removed in C++17. For shared ownership, the codice_6 template

Control-C
else, typically returning control to the user. Ctrl-C was one of a handful of keyboard sequences chosen by the program designers at Xerox PARC to control text editing, with Ctrl-Z (Undo), Ctrl-X (Cut), Ctrl-V (Paste), and Ctrl-P (Print). The first four letters are all located together at the left end of the bottom row of the standard QWERTY keyboard, and P towards the upper right. The equivalent key combination on Macintosh computers is Command-C. Control-C as an abort command was popularized by TOPS-20 and TOPS-10 and adopted by other systems including Unix. It was also adopted by Digital Equipment operating

"Transform, clipping, and lighting"
Transform, clipping, and lighting Transform, clipping, and lighting (T&L or sometimes TCL) is a term used in computer graphics. Transformation is the task of producing a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional scene. Clipping means only drawing the parts of the scene that will be present in the picture after rendering is completed. Lighting is the task of altering the colour of the various surfaces of the scene on the basis of lighting information. Hardware T&L had been used by arcade game system boards since 1993, and by home video game consoles since the Nintendo 64's Reality Coprocessor GPU in 1996.

Tilde
their decimal part before applying the operation. This has also given rise to using two tildes codice_18 as a short syntax for a cast to integer (numbers are stripped of their decimal part and changed into their complement, and then back. The net result is thus only the removal of the decimal part). For positive numbers, this is equivalent to the mathematical ""floor"" function. In Object REXX, the twiddle is used as a ""message send"" symbol. For example, codice_19 would cause the codice_20 method to act on the object codice_21's codice_22 attribute, returning the result of the operation. codice_23 returns

"I Heard It Through the Grapevine"
I Heard It Through the Grapevine ""I Heard It Through the Grapevine"" is a song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for Motown Records in 1966. The first recording of the song to be released was produced by Whitfield for Gladys Knight & the Pips and released as a single in September 1967; it went to number two in the ""Billboard"" chart. The Miracles recorded the song first and included their version on their 1968 album, ""Special Occasion"". The Marvin Gaye version was placed on his 1968 album ""In the Groove"", where it gained the attention of radio disc

record it with them; however a track has not turned up – some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled. The Miracles' version was not released as a single due to Berry Gordy's veto during Motown's weekly quality control meetings; Gordy advised Whitfield and Strong to create a stronger single. The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 ""Special Occasion"" album, and a slightly different take, possibly from the same session but unreleased, appeared on the 1998 compilation album, ""Motown Sings Motown Treasures"". Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second

sessions, the first on February 3, 1967, and the last on April 10, 1967. Recordings of this version took more than a month due to Whitfield overdubbing Gaye's vocals with that of the Andantes' background vocals, mixing in several tracks featuring the Funk Brothers on the rhythm track, and adding the string section from the Detroit Symphony Orchestra with an arrangement by Paul Riser. The session featuring Gaye led to an argument between the producer and singer. Whitfield wanted Gaye to perform the song in a higher key than his normal range, a move that had worked on David Ruffin

September 28, 1967 was on Motown's Soul label, with ""It’s Time to Go Now"" on the B-side. Motown put little support behind it and the Pips relied on connections with DJs across the United States to get the record played. The Pips' version of ""Grapevine"" reached number one on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart on November 25, 1967, and stayed there for six weeks, making it the group's second R&B number one after 1961's ""Every Beat of My Heart"". It reached two on the ""Billboard"" Pop Singles chart the same month, with the Monkees' ""Daydream Believer"" holding top spot. It was

After Whitfield presented the demo tapes, Gladys Knight, Bubba Knight, William Guest, and Edward Patten worked for several weeks on their vocal arrangement. To make the song suitable for Gladys, the first line of the second verse (""""I know a man ain't supposed to cry/But these tears I can't hold inside"""") was altered to (""""Take a good look at these tears in my eyes/Baby, these tears I can't hold inside""""). After much talk, Gordy reluctantly allowed the Pips' version to be a single on September 28, 1967 on Motown's Soul label. The Gladys Knight & the Pips version released on

the sixty-fifth biggest song on the chart. It was also inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for ""historical, artistic and significant"" value. In addition to being recorded several times by Motown artists, the song has been covered by musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival who recorded an 11-minute version for their 1970 album, ""Cosmo's Factory"", that was released as a single, reaching 43 on ""Billboard""'s chart, with more modest success in other countries, and funk musician Roger Troutman whose extended version (nearly 11 minutes itself) lifted off his 1981 solo album, ""The Many Facets of Roger"", brought the song back

who had their form of telegraph: the human grapevine. Producer Norman Whitfield worked with Strong on the song, adding lyrics to Strong's basic Ray Charles influenced gospel tune and the single chorus line of ""I heard it through the grapevine"". This was to be the first of a number of successful collaborations between Strong and Whitfield. Producer Norman Whitfield recorded ""I Heard It Through the Grapevine"" with various Motown artists. The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers, or at least Whitfield intended to

during the recording of the Temptations' hit, ""Ain't Too Proud to Beg"". The mixture of Gaye's raspy vocals and the Andantes' sweeter harmonies made Whitfield confident that he had a hit; however, despite approval from Motown's Quality Control Department, Gordy blocked the release. Gladys Knight & the Pips recorded ""Grapevine"" on June 17, 1967 in Motown's Studio A, with Norman Whitfield as producer. After hearing Aretha Franklin's version of ""Respect"", Whitfield rearranged ""Grapevine"" to include some of the funk elements of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. According to David Ritz, Whitfield set to record a song that would ""out-funk"" Aretha.

a single on October 30, 1968. Gaye's ""I Heard It Through the Grapevine"" eventually outsold the Pips', and until The Jackson 5's ""I'll Be There"" 20 months later, was the biggest hit single of all time on the Motown label. It stayed at the top of the ""Billboard"" Pop Singles chart for seven weeks, from December 14, 1968 to January 25, 1969. Gaye's ""Grapevine"" also held number one on the R&B chart during the same seven weeks, and stayed at number one in the United Kingdom for three weeks starting on March 26, 1969. The label was pleased with the

to number one on the R&B chart in early November of 1981, marking the third time the single reached the top spot on that chart. It also made the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, but was not a Pop success this time around, peaking at number 79. Queen Latifah used the music as a basis for her 1998 single ""Paper"", produced by Pras Michel for her album ""Order in the Court"". ""I Heard It Through the Grapevine"" has been used twice in television commercials – each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version. For the 1985 Levi's

"Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)"
Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys) The ""Theme from ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" (Good Ol' Boys)"" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Waylon Jennings. It was released in August 1980 as the second single from the album ""Music Man"". Recognizable to fans as the theme to the CBS comedy adventure television series ""The Dukes of Hazzard"", the song became a #1 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in 1980. As the narrator for the movie ""Moonrunners"" (1975), Jennings was tapped to serve in the same capacity for ""The Dukes of

the song was certified platinum in 2007 for a million ringtone sales. Note: the certification sales qualification levels had been changed in 1989. The song was covered by the Swedish Lo-fi-group Loosegoats on their demo ""For Sale by Owner"" but has never been featured on any of their full-length albums. Rapper Lil Wyte sampled the song on his song ""Comin' Yo Direction"" off his album ""Doubt Me Now"". The song was frequently covered live by Ween during their brief country phase. Waylon Jennings' son Shooter Jennings is known for singing ""Good ol' Boys"" at the Dukefests, which honor the series,

and his late father. Along with Willie Nelson and Ben L. Jones (Cooter on the series), Waylon Jennings sang the song in an extended version. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song while driving The General Lee for their album ""The Chipmunks Go Hollywood"" (1982). In 2006, John Schneider (Bo Duke), Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), and Catherine Bach (Daisy Duke) made a music video, as seen on the 7th Season DVD of the series. Schneider also covered the song. In ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" film adaptation (2005), a recording of Waylon Jennings was used in one scene, also, as heard

Hazzard"" which premiered on CBS in 1979 and was based on ""Moonrunners"". Jennings wrote the theme song for the show and recorded two versions: the television theme version and a slightly different version made commercially available on both single and album which received radio airplay. The television show version features Larry McNeely's banjo work which the commercially available version does not. Additionally, the television version's third verse contains the lyric, ""Fightin' the system like two modern-day Robin Hoods"", which is accompanied by a ""Yee-haw!"" said by characters, Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat), though it is in

on the soundtrack, by Willie Nelson (Uncle Jesse in the film). In the film """" (2007), country singer John Anderson sings the theme. Rock band Cage9, performed a cover version of the song was heard in the trailers from the same two films. Nike used the song in an advertising campaign featuring NFL star Randy Moss and NBA star Jason Williams, who were teammates in the same high school in rural Belle, West Virginia. Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys) The ""Theme from ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" (Good Ol' Boys)"" is a song written and recorded by

"The Dukes of Hazzard"
episodes, ""Daisy's Song"" (the chauffeur was called ""Eddie"" in this episode), the second to be produced and broadcast, and briefly in the second-season episode ""Witness for the Persecution"", when Cooter is returning it to the Court House after repairs. A Green and blacked out 1971 Ford Custom 500 sedan named Black Tilly was used by Uncle Jesse to make moonshine runs. The theme song ""The Good Ol' Boys"" was written and performed by Waylon Jennings. He was also ""The Balladeer"" (as credited), and served as narrator of the show. However, the version released as a single is not the same

"Wilmer & the Dukes"
""Duke"" Gillotte was the keyboardist and additional vocalist. They were primarily a cover band, playing other people's material, such as by Steve Miller and The Rolling Stones. Other music was from Sam and Dave and there were also saxophone based hits such as those originated by Junior Walker & the AllStars. One of their most popular covers was Lee Dorsey's ""Get Out of My Life Woman"". The band played from approximately from 1961 to 1974 at various locations around Upstate New York, mostly on the college and bar circuit. Regular venues were The ""Pittsford Inn"" in Pittsford, New York, ""Club

various compilation releases containing the ""Theme from ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" (Good Ol' Boys)"" feature the commercially available version. In November 1980, ""Theme from ""The Dukes of Hazzard"" (Good Ol' Boys)"" became Jennings' twelfth #1 country hit overall (tenth as a solo recording act). The song spent seventeen weeks on the ""Billboard"" country singles charts and became his biggest hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at #21. It also appeared on several other music charts. The original 1980 single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales over a million. Subsequent to the 2005 movie,

"Ghostbusters (song)"
Ghostbusters (song) ""Ghostbusters"" is a song written by Ray Parker Jr. as the theme to the film of the same name starring Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Harold Ramis, and Ernie Hudson. Debuting at #68 on June 16, 1984, the song reached number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on August 11, 1984, staying there for three weeks, and at number two on the UK Singles Chart on September 16, 1984, staying there for three weeks. The song re-entered the UK Top 75 on November 2, 2008, at No. 49. It was nominated at the 57th Academy Awards for Best Original

"Gene Chandler"
Gene Chandler Gene Chandler (born Eugene Drake Dixon and nicknamed ""The Duke of Earl"" or simply ""The Duke"") is an American singer, songwriter, music producer and record label executive. He is known best for his most successful songs ""Duke of Earl"" and ""Groovy Situation"" and his association with The Dukays, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield. Chandler is a Grammy Hall Of Fame inductee and a winner of both the National Association of Television and Radio Announcers' (NATRA) ""Producer of the Year"" Award and the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award. He is also one of a just a few singers

"Kermadec Trench"
Kermadec Trench The Kermadec Trench is a linear ocean trench in the south Pacific Ocean. It stretches about from the Louisville Seamount Chain in the north (26°S) to the Hikurangi Plateau in the south (37°S), north-east of New Zealand's North Island. Together with the Tonga Trench to the north, it forms the -long, near-linear Kermadec-Tonga subduction system, which began to evolve in the Eocene when the Pacific Plate started to subduct beneath the Australian Plate. Convergence rates along this subduction system are among the fastest on Earth, /yr in the north and /yr in the south. It is one of

"Pacific Ocean"
of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of felsic igneous rock on its margins. The andesite line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand's North Island. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the Andes Cordillera along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line. Within the

"Isthmus of Panama"
Isthmus of Panama The Isthmus of Panama (), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great strategic value. The isthmus formed around 2.8 million years ago. This major geological event separated the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and caused the creation of the Gulf Stream. This was first suggested in 1910 by North American paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn. He based

"Tongue of the Ocean"
Tongue of the Ocean The Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) is the name of a deep oceanic trench in the Bahamas separating the islands of Andros and New Providence. The TOTO is a U-shaped, relatively flat-bottomed trench approximately 20 miles (32 km) wide by 150 miles (240 km) long. Its depth varies gradually from 3,600 feet (1,100 m) in the south to 6,600 feet (2,000 m) in the north. Its only exposure to the open ocean is at the northern end. Except for the northern ocean opening, the TOTO is surrounded by numerous islands, reefs, and shoals which make a

width at about 5°N latitude, where it stretches approximately from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia—halfway around the world, and more than five times the diameter of the Moon. The lowest known point on Earth—the Mariana Trench—lies below sea level. Its average depth is , putting the total water volume at roughly . Due to the effects of plate tectonics, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly per year on three sides, roughly averaging a year. By contrast, the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size. Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which

"Sunda Trench"
Sunda Trench The Sunda Trench, earlier known as and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian Plate. It is long. Its maximum depth (at 10°19'S, 109°58'E, about 320 km south of Yogyakarta), is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. The trench stretches from the Lesser Sunda Islands past Java, around the southern coast of Sumatra on to the Andaman Islands, and forms the boundary between Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian plate (more specifically, Sunda Plate). The trench

"Coral Sea"
merges with the Tasman Sea in the south, with the Solomon Sea in the north and with the Pacific Ocean in the east. On the west, it is bounded by the mainland coast of Queensland, and in the northwest, it connects with the Arafura Sea through the Torres Strait. The sea is characterised by its warm and stable climate, with frequent rains and tropical cyclones. It contains numerous islands and reefs, as well as the world's largest reef system, the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1981. All previous oil exploration projects

assets of the Panama Canal Company, and finished the canal in 1914. A significant body of water (referred to as the Central American Seaway) once separated the continents of North and South America, allowing the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to mix freely. Beneath the surface, two plates of the Earth's crust were slowly colliding, forcing the Cocos Plate to slide under the Caribbean Plate. The pressure and heat caused by this collision led to the formation of underwater volcanoes, some of which grew large enough to form islands as early as 15 million years ago. Meanwhile, movement

"Tasman Front"
Tasman Front The Tasman Front is a relatively warm water east-flowing surface current and thermal boundary that separates the Coral Sea to the north and the Tasman Sea to the south. The name was proposed by Denham and Crook in 1976, to describe a thermal front that extends from Australia and New Zealand between the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. Originating in the edge of the East Australian Current (EAC), the Tasman Front meanders eastward between longitudes 152° E and 164° E and latitudes 31° S and 37° S, then reattaches to the coastline at New Zealand, forming the East

"Middle America Trench"
Middle America Trench The Middle America Trench is a major subduction zone, an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Middle America, stretching from central Mexico to Costa Rica. The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750 km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point. The trench is the boundary between the Rivera, Cocos, and Nazca plates on one side and the North American and Caribbean plates on the other. It is the 18th-deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench. The Middle

"Are You the One?"
be chosen at random to go on a four person date to couple off as they choose. Everyone back at the house then voted whichever couple they thought most likely to be a 'Perfect Match' into the Truth Booth. Season seven premiered on August 15, 2018. = Confirmed perfect match = Unconfirmed perfect match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. Filmed in Melbourne, Australia. Hosted by Karamo Brown. Premiered March 22, 2017. Are You the One? Are

Place. Alicia Wright, Andre Siemens, Derrick Henry and Taylor Selfridge appeared on the U.S. version of the MTV dating show ""Ex on the Beach"". Challenge in bold indicates that the contestant was a finalist on The Challenge. Filmed in New Orleans, Louisiana. The new host is Terrence J. Season six premiered on September 20, 2017. = Confirmed perfect match = Unconfirmed perfect match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. At the reunion, it was confirmed that Keith

Challenge. Note: Tori made an appearance on """" for an elimination. Filmed in Cabarete, Dominican Republic. Season five premiered on January 11, 2017. This season featured 2 big changes. When a couple gets sent into the truth booth to see if they are a perfect match, the rest of the house can either vote to see if they are a perfect match, or earn $150,000, and not see the result of the couple. This only will pertain to certain weeks. Also, if the house blacks out at a match-up ceremony, their money will decrease by 50% each time instead of

well as the opportunity to learn in the ""truth booth"" if a given couple is a correct match. At the end of each episode, the contestants pair up in a ""matching ceremony"" and learn how many perfect matches they have, but not which matches are correct. From season 3 onward, the prize was reduced any time that the house failed to identify any matches other than those already confirmed via the truth booth. On March 22, 2017, spin-off ""Are You The One: Second Chances"" premiered. 10 perfect matches from previous seasons returned to compete in tasks designed to test the

of the 32nd season of ""Real World"", "". Devin Walker-Molaghan & Rashida Beach returned for the ""Are You The One?: Second Chances"" and finished in 1st place earning themselves $170,000. Filmed in Maui, Hawaii. Season four premiered on June 13, 2016. Confirmed Perfect Match Unconfirmed Perfect Match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. Due to the blackout in Episode 8, the whole cast lost $250,000, lowering the total money at the end to $750,000, instead of $1,000,000.

"Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)"
in 2012. It was then picked up by TLC, where it has aired for seven additional seasons. The series has been renewed for an eleventh season which premiered on December 3, 2018 and features Mandy Moore, Regina King, Josh Duhamel, and Matthew Morrison. In early 2009, it was announced that NBC had ordered an American adaptation of the British series ""Who Do You Think You Are?"". It was reported that Lisa Kudrow was set to executive produce the series as well as participate in one of the first-season episodes. The show premiered on NBC on March 5, 2010, as one

"Who Is America?"
spectrum after he appeared onscreen screaming the racial epithets ""nigger"" and ""sand nigger"", speaking in a stereotypical Asian accent, and baring his buttocks in a purported attempt to ward off potential terrorists. By July 24, 2018, it was announced that Spencer would resign from his office effective July 31, 2018. On July 15, 2018, the series premiered on CraveTV in Canada and on Stan in Australia. On July 16, 2018, it premiered on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom and on Canal+ in France. On July 17, 2018, it premiered on Sky Atlantic in Germany. The series was met with

Are You the One? Are You the One?, sometimes abbreviated as AYTO?, is an American reality television series on MTV, in which young singles try to find love. A group of men and women are secretly paired into male-female couples by producers, via a matchmaking algorithm. Then, while living together, the contestants try to identify all of these ""perfect matches."" If they succeed, the entire group shares a prize of up to $1 million. Over the course of each season, the contestants have the opportunity to pair up in different combinations to compete against each other to win dates, as

"Are You Sleeping (TV series)"
the novel ""Are You Sleeping"" by Kathleen Barber. The show was created by Nichelle Tramble Spellman who is also set to write and executive produce the series as well. Other executive producers include Octavia Spencer via her Orit Entertainment, Reese Witherspoon and Lauren Neustadter for their company Hello Sunshine, and Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping and Kristen Campo for Chernin Entertainment. Sarah Koenig, creator of the true-crime podcast ""Serial"", is on board to consult on the series. On May 2, 2018, Apple announced that they had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. On

"Beer Hall Putsch"
Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (""March on the general's hall""), was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with ""Generalquartiermeister"" Erich Ludendorff and other ""Kampfbund"" leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis were marching to the Feldherrnhalle, in the city center, when they were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four police officers. Hitler, who was wounded during the

(Scheubner-Richter's servant), Gottfried Feder, Theodor von der Pfordten, Wilhelm Kolb, Rolf Reiner, Hans Streck, and Heinrich Bennecke, Brückner's adjutant. Behind this row marched the ""Stoßtrupp-Hitler"", the SA, the Infantry School, and the ""Oberländer"". Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (""March on the general's hall""), was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with ""Generalquartiermeister"" Erich Ludendorff and other ""Kampfbund"" leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis were marching

mass meetings beginning on 27 September 1923. Afraid of the potential disruption, one of Kahr's first actions was to ban the announced meetings. Hitler was under pressure to act. The Nazis, with other leaders in the ""Kampfbund"", felt they had to march upon Berlin and seize power or their followers would turn to the Communists. Hitler enlisted the help of World War I general Erich Ludendorff in an attempt to gain the support of Kahr and his triumvirate. However, Kahr had his own plan with Seisser and Lossow to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. The attempted putsch was inspired

by Benito Mussolini's successful March on Rome, from 22 to 29 October 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a march against Germany's Weimar Republic government. But the circumstances were different from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realization that Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of SA, marched on the Bürgerbräukeller, where Kahr was

He participated in various ""national thinking"" courses. These had been organized by the Education and Propaganda Department of the Bavarian Army, under Captain Karl Mayr, of which Hitler became an agent. Captain Mayr ordered Hitler, then an army lance corporal, to infiltrate the tiny ""Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"", abbreviated DAP (German Workers' Party). Hitler joined the DAP on 12 September 1919. He soon realized that he was in agreement with many of the underlying tenets of the DAP, and he rose to its top post in the ensuing chaotic political atmosphere of postwar Munich. By agreement, Hitler assumed the political leadership of

a number of Bavarian ""patriotic associations"" (revanchist), called the ""Kampfbund"". This political base extended to include about 15,000 Sturmabteilung (SA, lit. ""Storm Detachment""), the paramilitary wing of the NSDAP. On 26 September 1923, following a period of turmoil and political violence, Bavarian Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling declared a state of emergency, and Gustav von Kahr was appointed ""Staatskomissar"", or state commissioner, with dictatorial powers to govern the state. In addition to von Kahr, Bavarian state police chief Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow formed a ruling triumvirate. Hitler announced that he would hold 14

his book, and which Shirer did not have access to) nullifies Shirer's statement. State Police and Police units were first notified of trouble by three police detectives stationed at the Löwenbräukeller. These reports reached Major Sigmund von Imhoff of the State police. He immediately called all his green police units and had them seize the central telegraph office and the telephone exchange, although his most important act was to notify Major-General Jakob von Danner, the Reichswehr city commandant of Munich. As a staunch aristocrat, Danner loathed the ""little corporal"" and those """"Freikorps"" bands of rowdies"". He also did not much

clash, escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation and generated front page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicized and gave him a platform to publicize his nationalist sentiment to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated ""Mein Kampf"" to his fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December

making a speech in front of 3,000 people. In the cold, dark evening, 603 SA surrounded the beer hall and a machine gun was set up in the auditorium. Hitler, surrounded by his associates Hermann Göring, Alfred Rosenberg, Rudolf Hess, Ernst Hanfstaengl, Ulrich Graf, Johann Aigner, Adolf Lenk, Max Amann, Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, Wilhelm Adam, and others (some 20 in all), advanced through the crowded auditorium. Unable to be heard above the crowd, Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and jumped on a chair yelling: ""The national revolution has broken out! The hall is filled with six hundred

1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Hitler now saw that the path to power was through legal means rather than revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda. In the early 20th century, many of the larger cities of southern Germany had beer halls where hundreds or even thousands of people would socialize in the evenings, drink beer and participate in political and social debates. Such beer halls also became the host of occasional political rallies. One of Munich's largest beer halls was the Bürgerbräukeller. This was the location of the famous Beer

where did the northernmost land action of the american civil war occur

"Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga"
the east side of the bay. The State of Massachusetts organized an expedition to drive the British out with minimal support from the Continental Congress. This expedition ended in disaster, with the entire fleet destroyed and nearly half the expedition's men killed, captured, or wounded. It was the worst defeat of an American naval force until the 20th century. Failure of the expedition was attributed to a lack of well-defined command between the land and naval components, and Commodore Dudley Saltonstall's unwillingness to engage the British fleet that arrived in relief. In the aftermath of the Saratoga campaign, a frontier

"Battle of North Point"
with a brigade of veterans from the Duke of Wellington's army from the Spanish Peninsular Wars early in 1814, reinforced with a battalion of Royal Marines and seamen from the Royal Navy under Rear Admiral George Cockburn. They had already defeated a hastily assembled force of Maryland, Baltimore and District of Columbia state militia at the Battle of Bladensburg, northeast of Washington, D.C. on August 24, 1814, and burned Washington, the new national capital but rough village. Having disrupted the American government, he withdrew to the waiting ships of the Royal Navy at Benedict, Maryland, withdrawing down the Patuxent River

"Eastern Theater of the American Civil War"
the Confederacy because of the vital seaport of Wilmington and because the Outer Banks were valuable bases for ships attempting to evade the Union blockade. Benjamin Butler sailed from Fort Monroe and captured the batteries at Hatteras Inlet in August 1861. In February 1862, Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside organized an amphibious expedition, also from Fort Monroe, that captured Roanoke Island, a little-known but important Union strategic victory. The Goldsboro Expedition in late 1862 marched briefly inland from the coast to destroy railroad tracks and bridges. The remainder of operations on the North Carolina coast began in late 1864, with Benjamin

by the Appalachian Mountains to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. By far, the majority of battles occurred in the 100 miles between the cities of Washington and Richmond. This terrain favored the Confederate defenders because a series of rivers ran primarily west to east, making them obstacles rather than avenues of approach and lines of communication for the Union invaders. This was quite different than the early years of the Western theater, and since the Union Army had to rely solely on the primitive road system of the era for its primary transportation, it limited winter

before later heading further up the Chesapeake Bay to the strategically more important port city of Baltimore, although the Americans managed to defeat a British landing at Caulk's Field on the Eastern Shore of the Bay and killing their commander, Captain Sir Peter Parker (1785–1814), before doing so. Ross's small army of 3,700 troops and 1,000 marines landed at North Point at the end of the peninsula between the Patapsco River and the Back River on the morning of September 12, 1814, and began moving toward the city of Baltimore. Major General Samuel Smith of the Maryland militia anticipated the

"Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War"
of attrition. Greene eventually felt strong enough to face Cornwallis directly—near New Garden, North Carolina (modern day Greensboro, North Carolina). Although Cornwallis was the tactical victor in the Battle of Guilford Court House, the casualties his army suffered forced him to retreat to Wilmington, North Carolina, for resupply and reinforcements. While Cornwallis was unable to completely destroy Greene, he recognized that most of the supplies that the American forces were relying on were coming from Virginia, a state that up to this point in the war had been relatively untouched. Against the wishes of Clinton, Cornwallis resolved to invade Virginia

out of Newport, Rhode Island. The Battle of Rhode Island ended badly when the French fleet abandoned the effort; the failure did some damage to American–French relations. In 1779 the British established a base on the Penobscot River in the District of Maine with the intent of establishing a Loyalist presence there. The state of Massachusetts responded with the amphibious Penobscot Expedition, which ended in complete disaster. The British continued a process of raiding the New England coastal communities. One such raid led to a skirmish at Freetown, Massachusetts, while others descended on Massachusetts and Connecticut coastal communities. In the

theaters further stretched British military resources. These strategic changes forced the British to shift their attention away from North America, moving troops, ships and resources to defend the West Indies, India and other colonial possessions, as well as guarding against the threat of a French invasion of Great Britain itself. In North America, the British withdrew from Philadelphia in 1778, and made New York City the headquarters for the North American theater of war. They then embarked on a southern strategy, in which they sought to gain control over the colonies of Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Virginia, where

coastline. American military strategy widened to some extent following entry of France into the war. The states were still dominated by the larger British army, which kept the Continental Army on the defensive outside Philadelphia and New York. The British began withdrawing from Philadelphia early in 1778, and the arrival of a French fleet off Philadelphia in July increased prospects for offensive action. While these large-scale actions occupied the army, militia and settlers on the northern and west frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania had to contend with incursions by Indians and Loyalists organized by the British out of posts

Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga The Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga consisted of a series of battles between American revolutionaries and British forces, from 1778 to 1782 during the American Revolutionary War. It is characterized by two primary areas of activity. The first set of activities was based around the British base of operations in New York City, where each side made probes and counterprobes against the other's positions that sometimes resulted in notable actions. The second was essentially a frontier war in Upstate New York and rural northern Pennsylvania that was

Moloch
for a type of fire sacrifice, and that ""*lĕmōlek"" ""as a ""molk""-sacrifice"" had been reinterpreted as the name of a Canaanite idol following the Deuteronomic reform under Josiah (r. 640–609 BC). According to Eissfeldt, this 7th-century reform abolished the child sacrifice that had been happening. ""Moloch"" has been used figuratively in English literature from John Milton's ""Paradise Lost"" (1667) to Allen Ginsberg's ""Howl"" (1955), to refer to a person or thing demanding or requiring a very costly sacrifice. Biblical Hebrew מלך (""mlk"") usually stands for ""melek"" ""king"" (Akkadian ""malku"") but when vocalized as ""mōlek"" in the Masoretic text, it has

Nephesh
Nephesh Nephesh ( ""nép̄eš"") is a Biblical Hebrew word which occurs in the Hebrew Bible. The word refers to the aspects of sentience, and human beings and other animals are both described as having nephesh. Plants, as an example of live organisms, are not referred in the Bible as having nephesh. The term is literally “soul”, although it is commonly rendered as ""life"" in English translations. A view is that nephesh relates to ""sentient being"" without the idea of life and that, rather than having a nephesh, a sentient creation of God is a nephesh. In the text is that

Moloch
children of Ammon"") is translated (""for their king, the abomination of the sons of Ammon""). The vocalization ""Molek"" occurs eight times in the Masoretic Text, predominantly (five times) in Leviticus: Two further occurrences connect the practice with Tophet, a place of sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom (""Gehenna"", which later acquired the connotation of ""Hell""): The practice of ""passing through fire"" (""`abar ba-'esh"" ) associated with the name Moloch in the citations above also occurs without reference to Moloch in Deuteronomy 18:10–13, 2 Kings 16:3 and 21:6 and Ezekiel 20:26,31 and 23:37. Isaiah 30:33 has the vocalization ""melek"" (""king""), but

Chemosh
lust hard by hate; <br> Till good JOSIAH drove them thence to Hell. Chemosh Chemosh ( Moabite: 𐤊𐤌𐤔 ""Kamāš""; ""Kəmōš"" ; Eblaite: 𒅗𒈪𒅖 ""Kamiš"") was the god of the Moabites. He is most notably attested in the Mesha Stele and the Hebrew Bible. The etymology of ""Chemosh"" is unknown. He is also known from Ebla as ""Kamish"". While he is most readily associated with the Moabites, according to Judges 11:23-24 he seems to have been the national deity of the Ammonites as well. According to the Hebrew Bible, the worship of this god, ""the abomination of Moab,"" was introduced at

Nephesh
Adam was not given a nephesh but ""became a living nephesh."" Nephesh then is better understood as ""person"", seeing that and speak of a “dead body”, which in Hebrew is a ""nép̄eš mêṯ"", a dead nephesh. Nephesh when put with another word can detail aspects related to the concept of nephesh; with rûach (""spirit"") it describes a part of mankind that is immaterial, like one's mind, emotions, will, intellect, personality, and conscience, as in . The word nephesh occurs 754 times in the Hebrew Bible. The first four times nephesh is used in the Bible, it is used exclusively to

Gehenna
as Hell. In the New Testament, the New International Version, New Living Translation, New American Standard Bible (among others) all reserve the term ""hell"" for the translation of Gehenna or Tartarus (see above), transliterating Hades as a term directly from the equivalent Greek term. Treatment of Gehenna in Christianity is significantly affected by whether the distinction in Hebrew and Greek between Gehenna and Hades was maintained: Translations with a distinction: Translations without a distinction: Many modern Christians understand Gehenna to be a place of eternal punishment called hell. Most Annihilationists understand Gehenna to be a place where sinners are eventually

Nehushtan
Nehushtan In the biblical Books of Kings (), the Nehushtan (or Nohestan) (Hebrew: נחושתן or נחש הנחושת) is the derogatory name given to the bronze serpent on a pole first described in the Book of Numbers, which God told Moses to erect to so that the Israelites who saw it would be protected from dying from the bites of the ""fiery serpents"" which God had sent to punish them for speaking against God and Moses . In ""Kings"", King Hezekiah institutes an iconoclastic reform that requires the destruction of ""the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days

Moloch
to pass over the fire to Molek"" might have entailed a ""februation"" (purification ritual) rather than human sacrifice. Valentin Greissing in 1678 suggested that the vocalisation ""Molek"" was modelled after חֹלֵם ""ḥōlem "" ""dreamer; prophet"" to distinguish it from ""melek"" ""king"", presaging the much more influential suggestion by Abraham Geiger (1857) that the vocalisation is a dysphemism modelled after בּשֶׁת ""bōshet"" ""shame"". John Spenser wrote a seminal study on Molek, ""Lex transitum per ignem, in honorem Molechi prohibens"" in 1686, initiating the influential interpretation of Molek as a solar deity. Greco-Roman authors describe the Carthaginian practice of child sacrifice as

Moloch
this is widely accepted as an omission of the Masoretic correctors: ""For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared; he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it."" On the other hand, while 1 Kings 11:7 has the vocalization ""Molek"", in ""Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon"", this is widely accepted as an error for ""Malkam"" (""Milcom""), the specifically Ammonite idol. The Septuagint uses Μολοχ three times, rendered by KJV as ""Moloch"" or ""Molech"",

Kareth
Kareth The Hebrew term kareth (""cutting off"", , ) is derived from the Hebrew verb ""karat"" (""to cut off""). The noun form does not occur in the Hebrew Bible. The plural, Kerithoth (""Excisions""), is the seventh tractate of the fifth order Kodashim of the Mishnah. In the Talmud, ""kareth"" means not necessarily physical ""cutting off"" of life, but extinction of the soul and denial of a share in the world to come. In the Hebrew Bible, to ""cut off"" ( ""karath""), is a form of punishment which may mean killing or excluding from the people. The Book of Numbers states

"Colonisation of Africa"
Colonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is

"Scramble for Africa"
Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under formal European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia still being independent. There were multiple motivations including the quest for national prestige, tensions between pairs of European powers, religious missionary zeal and internal African native

coast, but seldom moved inland. In the middle decades of the 19th century, European explorers had mapped areas of East Africa and Central Africa. Even as late as the 1870s, European states still controlled only ten percent of the African continent, with all their territories located near the coast. The most important holdings were Angola and Mozambique, held by Portugal; the Cape Colony, held by the United Kingdom; and Algeria, held by France. By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent of European control. Technological advances facilitated European expansion overseas. Industrialisation brought about rapid advancements in transportation and communication, especially

academic theoretical critiques could be brought against her work. Colonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries

"European exploration of Africa"
with the chieftains of the Gold Coast. There, the Prussians built a fort named Gross Friederichsburg and restored the abandoned Portuguese fort of Arguin. But in 1720, the king decided to sell these bases to the Netherlands for 7,000 ducats and 12 slaves, six of them chained with pure gold chains. In 1777,the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire signed the Treaty of San Ildefonso in which Portugal give the islands of Annobón and Fernando Poo in waters of the Gulf of Guinea, as well as the Guinean coast between the Niger River and the Ogooué River, to Spain. The British

Britain, France, Germany, and the other European powers accounts for a large part of the colonization. While tropical Africa was not a large zone of investment, other overseas regions were. The vast interior between Egypt and the gold and diamond-rich southern Africa had strategic value in securing the flow of overseas trade. Britain was under political pressure to secure lucrative markets against encroaching rivals in China and its eastern colonies, most notably India, Malaya, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, it was crucial to secure the key waterway between East and West—the Suez Canal. However, a theory that Britain sought to

fields, invested in industry related infrastructure development and acquired continental oil concessions throughout Africa. Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under formal European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia still being independent. There were multiple motivations including the quest for national

after World War II. Growing independence movements, indigenous political parties and trade unions coupled with pressure from within the imperialist powers and from the United States ensured the decolonisation of the majority of the continent by 1980. While some areas, in particular, South Africa, & Namibia retain a large population of European descent, only the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the islands of Réunion, the Canary Islands, and Madeira remain under European control, the latter two of which were never part of any African polity and have an overwhelmingly European population. The theory of colonialism addresses the problems

Desert. From the late 15th century, Europeans joined the slave trade (some 850 years later). One could say the Portuguese was part of it all in partnership with the European. That includes the triangular trade, with the Portuguese initially acquiring slaves through trade and later by force as part of the Atlantic slave trade. They transported enslaved West, Central, and Southern Africans overseas. Subsequently, European colonization of Africa developed rapidly from around 10% (1870) to over 90% (1914) in the Scramble for Africa (1881-1914). However following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened

up to 50 percent of the indigenous population. The French government appointed a commission, headed by de Brazza, in 1905 to investigate the rumoured abuses in the colony. However, de Brazza died on the return trip, and his ""searingly critical"" report was neither acted upon nor released to the public. In the 1920s, about 20,000 forced labourers died building a railroad through the French territory. French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps had obtained many concessions from Isma'il Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan, in 1854–56, to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000, but others estimate

"Apollo 11"
(of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres), an inscription, and signatures of the astronauts and President Nixon. The inscription read: After describing the surface dust as ""very fine-grained"" and ""almost like a powder"", at 02:56:15, six and a half hours after landing, Armstrong stepped off ""Eagle"" footpad and declared: ""That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."" Armstrong intended to say ""That's one small step for a man"", but the word ""a"" is not audible in the transmission, and thus was not initially reported by most observers of the live broadcast. When later asked about his quote,

Richard Nixon viewed the launch from his office in the White House with his NASA liaison officer, Apollo astronaut Frank Borman. Saturn V AS-506 launched Apollo 11 on July 16, 1969, at 13:32:00 UTC (9:32:00 EDT). It entered Earth orbit at an altitude of by , twelve minutes later. After one and a half orbits, the S-IVB third-stage engine pushed the spacecraft onto its trajectory toward the Moon with the trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn at 16:22:13 UTC. About 30 minutes later, with Collins in the left seat and at the controls, the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver was performed. This

descent to the lunar surface. The remote control unit controls on his chest kept him from seeing his feet. Climbing down the nine-rung ladder, Armstrong pulled a D-ring to deploy the modular equipment stowage assembly (MESA) folded against ""Eagle"" side and activate the TV camera. Apollo 11 used slow-scan television (TV) incompatible with broadcast TV, so it was displayed on a special monitor and a conventional TV camera viewed this monitor, significantly reducing the quality of the picture. The signal was received at Goldstone in the United States, but with better fidelity by Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station near Canberra in

Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States. The bill was sponsored by Florida Senator Bill Nelson and Florida Representative Alan Grayson. A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing: Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module ""Eagle"" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on

"Apollo 16"
Young and Duke ate breakfast and began preparations for the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA), or moonwalk. After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the Lunar Module cabin, Young climbed out onto the ""porch"" of the LM, a small platform above the ladder. Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface. Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. Young descended the ladder and, upon setting foot on the lunar surface, became the ninth human to walk on the Moon.

Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module ""Eagle"" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Command Module Pilot Michael Collins piloted the command module ""Columbia"" alone

"Neil Armstrong"
before extravehicular activity, but Armstrong requested the EVA be moved to earlier in the evening, Houston time. When he and Aldrin were ready to go outside, ""Eagle"" was depressurized, the hatch was opened, and Armstrong made his way down the ladder. At the bottom of the ladder Armstrong said, ""I'm going to step off the LM now"". He turned and set his left boot on the lunar surface at 02:56 UTC July 21, 1969, then spoke the now-famous words, ""That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."" Armstrong prepared his famous epigram on his own. In

movements six or seven steps ahead. The fine soil was quite slippery. Aldrin remarked that moving from sunlight into ""Eagle"" shadow produced no temperature change inside the suit, but the helmet was warmer in sunlight, so he felt cooler in shadow. The MESA failed to provide a stable work platform and was in shadow, slowing work somewhat. As they worked, the moonwalkers kicked up gray dust which soiled the outer part of their suits. The astronauts planted a specially designed U.S. flag on the lunar surface, in clear view of the TV camera. Aldrin remembered, ""Of all the jobs I

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and initiating Project Mercury, which aimed to launch a man into Earth orbit. But on April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space, and the first to orbit the Earth. It was another body blow to American pride. Nearly a month later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, completing a 15-minute suborbital journey. After being recovered from the Atlantic Ocean, he received a congratulatory telephone call from Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy. Kennedy believed that it was in the national interest of

"Apollo 13"
April 17, 1970, six days after launch. The flight passed the far side of the Moon at an altitude of above the lunar surface, and 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth, a spaceflight record marking the farthest humans have ever traveled from Earth. The mission was commanded by James A. Lovell with John L. ""Jack"" Swigert as Command Module Pilot and Fred W. Haise as Lunar Module Pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for the original CM pilot Ken Mattingly, who was grounded by the flight surgeon after exposure to German measles. The story of the Apollo 13 mission has

"Edward Furlong"
Edward Furlong Edward Walter Furlong (born August 2, 1977) is an American actor and musician. Furlong won Saturn and MTV Movie Awards for his breakthrough performance as John Connor in """" (1991). The following year he gave an Independent Spirit Award-nominated turn opposite Jeff Bridges in ""American Heart"", and earned a second Saturn Award nomination for his work in ""Pet Sematary Two"". He won a Young Artist Award for his performance alongside Kathy Bates in ""A Home of Our Own"" (1993), and shared a further ensemble nomination with the cast of the film. Furlong received acclaim for his starring roles

John Connor John Connor is a fictional character and the primary protagonist of the ""Terminator"" franchise. Created by writer and director James Cameron, the character is first referred to in the 1984 film ""The Terminator"" and first appears in its 1991 sequel """" initially portrayed by Michael Edwards (briefly as the older Connor) and then by teenage actor Edward Furlong throughout the remainder of the film; in addition, Linda Hamilton's real-life son Dalton Abbot played John as a toddler in a dream sequence. The character is subsequently portrayed in the films by Nick Stahl in """" (2003), Christian Bale in

"Cliff Potts"
Cliff Potts Cliff Potts (born January 5, 1942 in Glendale, California) is an American television and film actor most noted for his role as John Keenan in the 1972 cult science fiction film, ""Silent Running"" starring Bruce Dern. Potts was a regular supporting player during the first season of ""The Name of the Game"", a revolving 90-minute 1968 series about a publishing empire that featured Tony Franciosa, Gene Barry, and Robert Stack. He also appeared in a starring roles in the 1976-1977 TV miniseries ""Once an Eagle"" and the short-lived 1977 TV series, ""Big Hawaii"" in which he played Mitch

career subsequently declined due to multiple arrests and court cases, as well as chronic substance abuse and alcoholism. Edward Furlong was born August 2, 1977, in Glendale, California, the son of Eleanor Torres (née Tafoya), a youth-center worker. Furlong is of Mexican descent on his mother's side, and has also described himself as ""half-Russian"". His mother's sister, Nancy Tafoya, and their half-brother Sean Furlong obtained custody of him for several years, including 1990–91, when he began his acting career. Initially, the two served as Furlong's managers. In 1991, Furlong began his film career as John Connor in """", a role

of the film. The Terminator (Arnold Schwarzenegger) is attempting to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton) because she will be his mother, but does not make a physical appearance. However, at the end of the film, Sarah is shown to be pregnant with John. John makes his first true appearance in """" which takes place in 1995, played by Edward Furlong. He was a 10-year-old juvenile delinquent living with foster parents (Jenette Goldstein and Xander Berkeley) while his mother (Hamilton) was at a hospital for the mentally insane. Though he is informed of his destiny of his future conflict with Skynet,

resemble the material on stealth aircraft, with a result described as ""more matte than metal"", resembling a slightly iridescent ceramic carbon. John will be portrayed by Jude Collie in the series' upcoming sixth film with Furlong's 1991 facial likeness being used via CGI. Thomas Dekker portrays John Connor in the parallel universe television series, """". John is Sarah's son and the future leader of the human resistance. He is only fifteen years old at the beginning of the show, turning sixteen in the season one finale, and seventeen throughout season two, although it isn't mentioned. As the series progresses, John

"Dean Stockwell"
Dean Stockwell Robert Dean Stockwell (born March 5, 1936) is a retired American actor of film and television, with a career spanning over 70 years. As a child actor under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he first came to the public's attention in films such as ""Anchors Aweigh"" (1945), ""The Green Years"" (1946), ""Gentleman's Agreement"" (1947), and ""Kim"" (1950). As a young adult, he played a lead role in the 1957 Broadway and 1959 screen adaptations of ""Compulsion"" and in 1962, Stockwell played Edmund Tyrone in the film version of ""Long Day's Journey into Night"". He appeared in supporting roles in such

"Jeffery Wood"
Wood created the film production company Puzzle Man. Jeffery Wood Jeffery Wood (born December 22, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Austin Warren during the first two seasons of the 1990s sitcom, ""In the House"", and Jimmy Harrison on ""Sunset Beach"". In 2017, Jeff starred alongside Nathan Fillion as the 'Warlock' in the live-action trailer for the Bungie and Activision video game, Destiny 2. Wood made his on-screen debut in commercials and guest starring television roles. In 1994, he landed a role in the ""5 Tony Award winning"" Vivian Beaumont Theater revival of

Jeffery Wood Jeffery Wood (born December 22, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Austin Warren during the first two seasons of the 1990s sitcom, ""In the House"", and Jimmy Harrison on ""Sunset Beach"". In 2017, Jeff starred alongside Nathan Fillion as the 'Warlock' in the live-action trailer for the Bungie and Activision video game, Destiny 2. Wood made his on-screen debut in commercials and guest starring television roles. In 1994, he landed a role in the ""5 Tony Award winning"" Vivian Beaumont Theater revival of Carousel. After a year with the production, he

"Lucas Elliot Eberl"
Lucas Elliot Eberl Lucas Elliot Eberl (born March 29, 1986) is an American actor and director best known for his role as Birn in the 2001 film ""Planet of the Apes"" and for his film ""Choose Connor"". In 2008, Eberl was described by MovieMaker Magazine as one of the ""10 Young Americans to Watch"". Eberl began his filmmaking career in 1997 after his first film acting job at the age of 10, making documentaries for the local TV station winning a variety of awards. He then wrote and directed ""Incest"" which won the Audience Choice Award at the international First

Neptune
by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four times that of Earth. Neptune, like Uranus, is an ice giant, a subclass of giant planet, because they are smaller and have higher concentrations of volatiles than Jupiter and Saturn. In the search for extrasolar planets, Neptune has been used as a metonym: discovered bodies of similar mass are often referred to as ""Neptunes"", just as scientists refer to various extrasolar bodies as ""Jupiters"". Neptune's internal structure resembles that of Uranus. Its atmosphere forms about 5% to 10% of its mass and extends perhaps 10% to 20% of the

Neptune
belt in 1992 led many astronomers to debate whether Pluto should be considered a planet or as part of the Kuiper belt. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined the word ""planet"" for the first time, reclassifying Pluto as a ""dwarf planet"" and making Neptune once again the outermost known planet in the Solar System. Neptune's mass of 1.0243 kg is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter. Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only

"Moons of Neptune"
place, both moons appear to have similar (""grey"") colors, implying that Halimede could be a fragment of Nereid. The Neptunian moons are listed here by orbital period, from shortest to longest. Irregular (captured) moons are marked by color. Triton, the only Neptunian moon massive enough for its surface to have collapsed into a spheroid, is emboldened. Moons of Neptune Neptune has 14 known moons, which are named for minor water deities in Greek mythology. By far the largest of them is Triton, discovered by William Lassell on October 10, 1846, 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself; over a

Neptune
its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called ""Poseidon"" (Ποσειδώνας, ""Poseidonas""), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew, ""Rahab"" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term ""Neptun"" (נפטון) is commonly used. In Māori, the planet is called ""Tangaroa"", named after the Māori god of the sea. In Nahuatl, the planet is called ""Tlāloccītlalli"", named after the rain god

Neptune
to have caused it. Five new irregular moons discovered between 2002 and 2003 were announced in 2004. A new moon and the smallest yet, Neptune XIV, was found in 2013. Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods. Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune,

Neptune
20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by ""Voyager 2"", when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989. The advent of the ""Hubble Space Telescope"" and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but it contains a higher proportion of ""ices"" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like

Neptune
on the structure of the Kuiper belt. Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune, and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. It is close enough to Neptune to be locked

Neptune
moon Triton to be investigated around 2029. The proposed ""New Horizons 2"" mission (which was later scrapped) might also have done a close flyby of the Neptunian system. Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune. Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8

Neptune
god Neptune's trident. Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the

Neptune
convective fluid motions in a thin spherical shell of electrically conducting liquids (probably a combination of ammonia, methane and water) resulting in a dynamo action. The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 T·m (14 μT·""R"", where ""R"" is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from non-dipolar components, including a strong quadrupole moment that may exceed the dipole moment in strength. By contrast, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn have only relatively

"What's My Line?"
of the program, he was paid $300 (equal to $ today) per week, and he told Robbin Hawkins in their interview that by the end of the series, the panelists were being paid ""scandalous amounts of money."" The first four episodes (#001 – #004; February – March 16, 1950) were broadcast live from a converted loft at the former CBS Studio 41 Grand Central Studios at Grand Central Terminal (15 Vanderbilt Ave., NY). Beginning with the first Wednesday episode (#005; April 12, 1950, and continuing until around 1951), the show was broadcast from the now demolished CBS Studio 51 (Maxine

What's My Line? What's My Line? is a panel game show that originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U.S. revivals. The game requires celebrity panelists to question a contestant in order to determine his or her occupation, ""i.e."", ""line [of work],"" with panelists being called on to identify a weekly celebrity ""mystery guest"" with specificity. It is the longest-running U.S. primetime network television game-show. Moderated by John Charles Daly and with panelists Dorothy Kilgallen, Arlene Francis, and Bennett Cerf, ""What's My Line?"" won three Emmy

the contestants. On the initial program of February 2, 1950, the panel was former New Jersey governor Harold Hoffman, columnist Dorothy Kilgallen, poet Louis Untermeyer, and psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. The panel varied somewhat in the following weeks, but after the first few broadcasts, during the show's earliest period the panel generally consisted of Kilgallen, actress Arlene Francis, Untermeyer and comedy writer Hal Block. At various times, a regular panelist might take a vacation or be absent from an episode due to outside commitments. On these occasions, a guest panelist would take their spot. The most frequent guest panelist was Arlene

the original series, Goodson-Todman went to ABC News to seek out a host, whose title had ceased to be that of ""moderator,"" and hired Wally Bruner to take over for John Charles Daly. Bruner left the series at the conclusion of its fourth season, the 1971-1972 season, and actor Larry Blyden stepped in at the beginning of the 1972-1973 season to host the remaining three seasons. The syndicated edition had two regular panelists for its entire run, with Soupy Sales joining the returning Arlene Francis. Bennett Cerf appeared as a guest on an irregular basis until he died during production

future date. This was then state-of-the-art technology, and Daly praised it upon his return from Moscow. In such instances, there would often be two shows a day; the ""taped"" one, followed immediately by the ""live"" one. The cast and crew began taking ""Summer breaks"" from the show in July 1961, through July 1967. The host, then called the moderator, was veteran radio and television newsman John Charles Daly. Clifton Fadiman, Eamonn Andrews, and Random House co-founding publisher and panelist Bennett Cerf substituted on the four occasions when Daly was unavailable. The show featured a panel of four celebrities who questioned

Awards for ""Best Quiz or Audience Participation Show"" in 1952, 1953, and 1958 and the Golden Globe for Best TV Show in 1962. After its cancellation by CBS in 1967, it returned in syndication as a daily production, moderated originally by Wally Bruner and later by Larry Blyden, which ran from 1968 to 1975. There have been several international versions, radio versions, and a live stage version. In 2013, ""TV Guide"" ranked it #9 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. Produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS Television, the show was initially called ""Occupation

"Hal Block"
Hal Block Harold Block (August 2, 1913 – June 16, 1981) was an American comedy writer, comedian, producer, songwriter and television personality. Although Block was a highly successful comedy writer for over 15 years, today he is most often remembered as an original panelist of the television game show ""What's My Line?"" who was fired from the show in its third season, reportedly for inappropriate on-air behavior. Block is a controversial figure in the history of television, denounced by some, while praised by others as a writer and for contributing to the original success of ""What's My Line?"" During the

"John Charles Daly"
John Charles Daly John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly (February 20, 1914 – February 24, 1991), generally known as John Charles Daly or simply John Daly, was an American radio and television personality, CBS News broadcast journalist, ABC News executive and TV anchor and a game show host, best known as the host and moderator of the CBS television panel show ""What's My Line?"" The second of two brothers, Daly was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, where his American father worked as a geologist. While in Johannesburg Daly attended Marist Brothers College. After his father died of a tropical fever, Daly's

search strategies, beginning with broad questions, such as whether the contestant worked for a profit-making or non-profit organization or whether the product was alive, worn, or ingested. To increase the probability of affirmative answers, panelists would often phrase questions in the negative starting with ""Is it something other than..."" or ""Can I rule out..."" The show popularized the phrase, ""Is it bigger than a breadbox?"" Steve Allen first posed this on January 18, 1953, and it was then refined over subsequent episodes. Soon, other panelists were asking this question as well. On one occasion the guest was a man who

and class. In its early years, business suits and street dresses were worn by the host and panelists, but by 1953, the men normally wore black suits with bow ties (a few guests in fact wore tuxedos) while female panelists donned formal gowns and often gloves. Exceptions to this dress code were on the broadcasts immediately following the deaths of Fred Allen and Dorothy Kilgallen, in which the male cast members wore straight neckties and the women wore simpler dresses. The game followed a line of formality and adherence to rules. Although using first names at other points, Daly usually

"Martin Lamble"
Martin Lamble Martin Francis Lamble (28 August 1949 – 12 May 1969) was the drummer for British folk rock band, Fairport Convention, from just after their formation in 1967, until his death in the band's van crash in 1969. He joined the band after attending their first gig and convincing them that he could do a better job than their current drummer, Shaun Frater. The eldest of three brothers, Martin was educated at Priestmead primary school, Kenton, and later at University College School, Hampstead. He played on the band's first three albums, but shortly after recording ""Unhalfbricking"" on 12 May

"Brian Davison (drummer)"
Brian Davison (drummer) Brian Davison (25 May 1942 – 15 April 2008), nicknamed ""Blinky"", was a British drummer, best known for his work in The Nice. He was born in Leicester and died in Horns Cross, Bideford, Devon. In the late 1950s, Davison played drums in various skiffle groups in and around the youth clubs in north-west London, especially around Baker Street. He rose to prominence drumming in the 1960s in Mark Leeman Five and then progressive rock group Shinn with keyboard player Don Shinn and bassist Paul Newton (later with Uriah Heep) and finally The Nice with keyboardist Keith

"Colin Petersen"
Colin Petersen Frederick Colin Petersen (born 24 March 1946) is an Australian drummer, record producer and former child actor. He played as a member of the bands Steve and the Board, the Bee Gees and Humpy Bong. In August 1969, he left the Bee Gees and he was replaced by Pentangle drummer Terry Cox to record the songs for their 1970 album ""Cucumber Castle"". Frederick Colin Petersen began his acting career at the age of seven. When he was still nine years old in late 1955, he starred in the film ""Smiley"" (released in 1956), with Ralph Richardson, but by

"Alvin Lee"
Alvin Lee Alvin Lee (born Graham Anthony Barnes; 19 December 1944 – 6 March 2013) was an English singer and guitarist, best known as the lead vocalist and lead guitarist of the blues rock band Ten Years After. He was born in Nottingham and attended the Margaret Glen-Bott School in Wollaton which was a precursor to comprehensive schools with grammar and secondary modern streams. He began playing guitar at the age of 13. In 1960, Lee along with Leo Lyons formed the core of the band Ten Years After. He was influenced by his parents' collection of jazz and blues

"Star Destroyer"
""Executor"" in ""The Empire Strikes Back"" (1980) and ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983) was long. The design of the ""Venator""-class Star Destroyers appearing in """" (2005) are meant to bridge the appearance of the ""Acclamator""-class transports in """" (2002) and the ""Imperial"" class in the original trilogy. Star Destroyers of varying factions have appeared in every ""Star Wars"" film and television production except ""Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace"". The iconic Star Destroyer first appears in the opening scene of ""Star Wars"", as an Imperial starship part of Darth Vader's Death Squadron, the ""Imperial I"" (""Imperator"")-class Star Destroyer

Star Destroyer Star Destroyers are capital ships in the fictional ""Star Wars"" universe. The Imperial Star Destroyer, which first appears in the first seconds of ""Star Wars"" (1977), is ""the signature vessel of the Imperial fleet"". The term ""Star Destroyer"" also refers to other vessels in the franchise. Numerous Star Destroyer models and toys have been released, and the iconic scene featuring the vessel's first appearance pursuing Princess Leia's starship has been called a milestone in special effects history. In draft scripts for the film that would become ""Star Wars"", the term ""Stardestroyer"" refers to two-man fighters flown by what

Described in ""A Guide to the Star Wars Universe"" (1984) as being long, ""Executor""-class Super Star Destroyers were later described as being long. In addition to Vader's command ship, ""Star Wars"" novels introduce the prison ship ""Lusankya"" and stealth-armored "" Knight Hammer"" as ships in the class. The labels ""Star Destroyer"" and ""Super Star Destroyer"" are applied to several other massive ""Star Wars"" warships, such as the ""Pellaeon""-class in the """" comic series (2006–2010), the reborn Emperor Palpatine's flagships ""Eclipse"" and ""Eclipse II"" in the Dark Empire series (1991–1995), and the ""Victory"" class first described in the early ""Star Wars""

Starfury
Starfury The ""Starfury"" fighter is a fictional vessel used by Earthforce, the military branch of the Earth Alliance, in the science fiction television series ""Babylon 5"". The computer-generated imagery (CGI) model was first seen in the opening episode of the first season, ""Midnight On The Firing Line"" which first aired in the United States in January 1994, and has essentially appeared in every episode thereafter. It also appears in the later, and short lived, ""Crusade"" television series, the special edition (not original) version of the pilot movie, "","" the TV movies "","" """", """" and """", """" (the first in

""Devastator"", chases the ""Tantive IV"" above Tatooine. This appearance shows the Imperial ship's massive size in comparison to the Rebel ""Tantive IV"". The original trilogy also features a massive Super Star Destroyer, the ""Executor""-class Star Dreadnought ""Executor"", that serves as Vader's flagship in ""The Empire Strikes Back"". The ""Executor"", under the command of Admiral Piett, is the Imperial command ship at the climax of ""Return of the Jedi"". Other Star Destroyer varieties appear in the ""Star Wars"" prequel films. The final moments of """" depicts clone troopers being loaded into large ""Acclimator""-class Republic transgalactic assault ships that are highly similar

"Starburst (missile)"
Starburst (missile) Starburst is a British man-portable surface-to-air missile produced by Shorts Missile Systems of Belfast (since 2002 known as Thales Air Defence Limited). It was used by the British Army (as Javelin S15), Malaysian Army, and in the Canadian Army as the Javelin until 2005. It can be fired from the shoulder or from a launcher known as Starburst LML – Lightweight Multiple Launcher. It has been replaced in British service by the Starstreak missile. The missile was a development of Javelin missile, retaining the Javelin missile body but replacing the radio command system with a laser guidance system.

"USS Bellatrix (AKA-3)"
USS Bellatrix (AKA-3) USS ""Bellatrix"" (AK-20/AKA-3) was an ""Arcturus""-class attack cargo ship in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. The ship was named after the star Bellatrix in the constellation Orion. The name means ""warrioress,"" and the star is usually named as the 22nd brightest star in the northern hemisphere. ""Bellatrix"" was constructed in Tampa, Florida as a C2-T class merchant marine cargo ship for the Maritime Commission under the name ""Raven"". In April 1941, the War Shipping Administration transferred control of the unfinished ""Raven"" to the U.S. Navy. She was reclassified as an

projectors. They carry 72 TIE fighters, numerous ground forces (including stormtroopers, 20 AT-ATs and 30 AT-STs), a prefabricated base for rapid deployment to planetary surfaces, and a variety of support craft. After the Battle of Endor, the Rebel Alliance captured several ""Imperial""-class ships and added them to their own fleet. Although the New Republic eventually upgrades its starfleet with newer ship types, the ""Imperial""-class Star Destroyer remains in service well into the ""New Jedi Order"" era and fights during the Yuuzhan Vong War. Kevin J. Anderson's novel ""Darksaber"" describes a Super Star Destroyer as being ""worth twenty Imperial Star Destroyers"".

Starstreak
Starstreak Starstreak is a British short range man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) manufactured by Thales Air Defence (formerly Shorts Missile Systems), in Belfast. It is also known as Starstreak HVM (High Velocity Missile). After launch, the missile accelerates to more than Mach 4, making it the fastest short-range surface-to-air missile in the world. It then launches three laser beam riding submunitions, increasing the likelihood of a successful hit on the target. Starstreak has been in service with the British Army since 1997. In 2012 Thales rebranded the system under the ForceSHIELD banner. Development on the missile began in the early 1980s

"Tantive IV"
Tantive IV The Tantive IV (also referred to as the Rebel blockade runner) is a fictional spaceship in the ""Star Wars"" film series. It was used by Leia Organa in """" and was the first vessel audiences saw when ""Star Wars"" premiered in 1977. Other Corellian corvettes, which share the ""Tantive IV""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s design, appear in ""Return of the Jedi"" and in the ""Star Wars"" expanded universe's books, comics, TV series, and games. The ship's design stems from initial concepts for the ""Millennium Falcon"". When """" featured a ship called an ""Eagle"" Transporter with an appearance similar to the Industrial Light

by 1914 which of the following african countries were still independent

humiliating defeat overall. Belgium France Germany Italy Portugal Spain United Kingdom Independent states In the 1880s the European powers had divided up almost all of Africa, with only Ethiopia, Liberia and Darwiish (the successor state of Dhulbahante garaadship) maintaining their independence throughout the Scramble for Africa. They ruled until after World War II when forces of nationalism grew much stronger. In the 1950s and 1960s the colonial holdings became independent states. The process was usually peaceful but there were several long bitter bloody civil wars, as in Algeria, Kenya and elsewhere. Across Africa the powerful new force of nationalism drew

"Decolonisation of Africa"
all African soil was claimed by Western European governments, with the only exceptions being Liberia (which had been settled by African-American former slaves) and Ethiopia (which had successfully resisted colonisation by Italy). Britain and France had the largest holdings, but Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also had colonies. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber. The introduction of imperial policies surfacing around local economies led to the failing of local economies due to an exploitation of resources and cheap labor. Progress towards independence

"Union of African States"
became Ghana), and French Sudan (which became Mali) followed different paths toward decolonization. French Sudan and Guinea were both French colonies and thus after the May 1958 crisis were given the chance to vote for immediate independence or to join a reorganized French Community (which would grant domestic autonomy while maintaining French defense and economic policy). Guinea was the only French colony in Africa to vote for full independence in 1958. French Sudan voted to join the French Community. The Gold Coast, in contrast, was a British colony which achieved independence as Ghana in March 1957 and joined the Commonwealth

"African independence movements"
left the area unoccupied for too long. Portugal reoccupied the ports of Cabinda and Ambriz in 1855, and relations with Great Britain improved after that. The dispute set a precedent, however, that effective occupation was a prerequisite for recognition of colonial claims. The question continued to reappear until 1885 when it was enshrined in the agreements that emanated from the Congress of Berlin. The final straw was the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty signed on February 26, 1884. It granted exclusive navigation rights on the Congo River to Britain in exchange for British guarantees of Portugal's control of the coast at the mouth

Decolonisation of Africa The decolonization of Africa took place in the mid-to-late 1950s, very suddenly , with little preparation . There was widespread unrest and organised revolts in both Northern and sub-Saharan colonies, especially in French Algeria, Portuguese Angola, the Belgian Congo and British Kenya. The ""Scramble for Africa"" between 1870 and 1900 ended with almost all of Africa being controlled by European states. Racing to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves, the partition of Africa was confirmed in the Berlin Agreement of 1885, with little regard to local differences. By 1905, control of almost

Egypt and Ethiopia were already independent. Many countries followed in the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in 1960 with the Year of Africa, which saw 17 African nations declare independence, including a large part of French West Africa. Most of the remaining countries gained independence throughout the 1960s, although some colonizers (Portugal in particular) were reluctant to relinquish sovereignty, resulting in bitter wars of independence which lasted for a decade or more. The last African countries to gain formal independence were Guinea-Bissau (1974), Mozambique (1975) and Angola (1975) from Portugal; Djibouti from France in 1977; Zimbabwe from the United

more conciliation-minded premier Maurice Rouvier. But by July 1905 Germany was becoming isolated and the French agreed to a conference to solve the crisis. Both France and Germany continued to posture up until the conference, with Germany mobilizing reserve army units in late December and France actually moving troops to the border in January 1906. The 1906 Algeciras Conference was called to settle the dispute. Of the thirteen nations present, the German representatives found their only supporter was Austria-Hungary. France had firm support from Britain, the US, Russia, Italy and Spain. The Germans eventually accepted an agreement, signed on 31

"Congo Free State"
the north bank (the modern Congo-Brazzaville and Central African Republic), Portugal to the south (modern Angola), and Leopold's personal organisation received the balance: , with about 30 million people. However, it still remained for these territories to be occupied under the conference's ""Principle of Effective Occupation"". Following the United States's recognition of Leopold's colony, other European powers deliberated on the news. Portugal flirted with the French at first, but the British offered to support Portugal's claim to the entire Congo in return for a free trade agreement and to spite their French rivals. Britain was uneasy at French expansion and

Africa
into civil wars. In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ""Abyssinia""), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922. The Berlin Conference held in 1884–85 was an important event in the political future of African ethnic groups. It was convened by King Leopold II of Belgium, and attended by

nations met at the Berlin West Africa Conference to discuss the partitioning of Africa. It was agreed that European claims to parts of Africa would only be recognised if Europeans provided effective occupation. In a series of treaties in 1890–1891, colonial boundaries were completely drawn. All of Sub-Saharan Africa was claimed by European powers, except for Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia. The European powers set up a variety of different administrations in Africa, reflecting different ambitions and degrees of power. In some areas, such as parts of British West Africa, colonial control was tenuous and intended for simple economic extraction, strategic

"Best Thing I Never Had"
to relate to the song. A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of ""Best Thing I Never Had"" are revenge and karma. Not wanting to feel broken-hearted, the female protagonist sings that she feels happy to have left her lover, who did not recognize the potential for a happy life with her. Some critics viewed it as a sequel to Beyoncé's 2006 single ""Irreplaceable"" as the two songs are thematically similar. However, some lyrics, including ""showed your ass"" and ""sucks to be you right now"", were criticized. The ballad was also likened to Vanessa Carlton's 2002 single ""A Thousand Miles""

Best Thing I Never Had ""Best Thing I Never Had"" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, ""4"" (2011). It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album. ""Best Thing I Never Had"" was composed by Patrick ""J. Que"" Smith, Kenneth ""Babyface"" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor. The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single ""The Show"". Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able

that the ballad is reminiscent of Beyoncé's own 2008 songs ""Halo"" and ""Scared Of Lonely"", owing to its cascading piano work and drum beat. James Dinh of MTV News wrote that ""Best Thing I Never Had"" sounds like a song from a Broadway musical; he attributed the comparison to Beyoncé's collaboration with the band from ""Fela!"" to gain inspiration from the play's subject, Nigerian musician and composer Fela Kuti. The song's lyrics are about the breakdown of a relationship between Beyoncé and her lover, a situation that suits both of them. They also touch on revenge and karma, particularly the

Smith wrote ""Best Thing I Never Had"" in collaboration with its producers Kenneth ""Babyface"" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Antonio Dixon, Shea Taylor, and Caleb McCampbell. According to Smith, ""Best Thing I Never Had"" is a ballad but was not originally written so; early demos sounded like late 1980s hip hop material. The main inspiration for the song was the drumming of Doug E. Fresh's song ""The Show"" (1985). Smith told Gyant of Black Entertainment Television (BET) that he was initially intimidated at the prospect of working with Beyoncé. He was in Los Angeles when Tony Dixon telephoned him to say he

says that Beyoncé was literally jumping up and down after hearing the demo. One hour later Beyoncé recorded ""Best Thing I Never Had"" and two other songs. Smith recalled that Beyoncé focused solely on the recording, ignoring hunger as she worked into the night. Beyoncé has stated that every man and woman can relate to the song's subject matter because at one point, almost everyone ends a relationship because of lack of commitment by his or her partner. A private listening party for Beyoncé's fourth studio album, ""4"", was held on May 12, 2011. Beyoncé offered a select group of

opening line, ""What goes around comes back around"", the lines ""Best thing I never had"", ""Best thing you never had"", and the closing line, ""Sucks to be you right now"". Happy to have avoided heartbreak, Beyoncé continues to sing about her ex-lover, who did not recognize the possibility of a happy relationship with Beyoncé until the relationship broke down. Beyoncé no longer desires her lover after discovering his deceit; as shown in the pre-chorus and chorus lines, ""When I think of the time that I almost loved you / You showed your ass and I saw the real you /

kiss-off song; it is in this respect similar to Beyoncé's own songs ""Irreplaceable"" (2006) and ""If I Were a Boy"" (2008). Kyle Anderson of ""Entertainment Weekly"" wrote that elements of the ballad have emanated from Celine Dion's ""That’s The Way It Is"" (1999), and Bruce Hornsby's ""The Way It Is"" (1986). Caryn Ganz of Yahoo! Music wrote that ""Best Thing I Never Had"" resembles Vanessa Carlton's 2002 song ""A Thousand Miles"" paired with Ryan Tedder's thumping beat. Ryan Dombal of Pitchfork Media also noted that the song wouldn't sound ""out-of-place"" on a Vanessa Carlton album. Priya Elan of ""NME"" noted

Thing I Never Had"" is a midtempo pop and R&B power ballad, which incorporates elements of gospel music. The song is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute, and is written in the key of G major. The introduction follows the chord progression of G–C–Em–D, while the verses follow G–G–Em–D–G–G. Beyoncé's voice spans from the low note of E♭ to the high note of G♭. Layered female vocals provide a backing to Beyoncé's occasionally aggressive vocals. The instrumentation includes a piano, stadium-sized bass drums, and strings. ""Best Thing I Never Had"" is thematically a

Sound wrote, ""[...] reworking the song from fierce anthem to a decidedly Smiths-ian weep-fest, the lads struck the perfect balance between the sass of the original and their own depressing sound."" Krissi Murison of ""NME"" commented that their cover was ""undoubtedly the greatest song psychedelic shoegaze never had"". ""Best Thing I Never Had"" was also covered by ""The X Factor"" contestant, Craig Colton, during the second week of the competition, in accordance with the theme 'Love and Heartbreak'. Credits adapted from ""4"" liner notes. Best Thing I Never Had ""Best Thing I Never Had"" is a song recorded by American

"The Best Thing (Relient K song)"
The Best Thing (Relient K song) ""The Best Thing"" is the second single off Relient K's fifth studio album, ""Five Score and Seven Years Ago"". The band's manager announced it on their messageboard on March 17, 2007 along with Capitol Records announcing it on several websites. The song was performed on ""The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"" on April 12, 2007. It was released to Top 40 and Hot AC stations on April 10. Matt Thiessen, the lead singer, has described the song as, ""The anti-Daniel Powter 'Bad Day' song, it's straight up positive."" The song peaked at No. 47

"Miami Hurricanes football"
of 41-8. After a 44-28 win over Virginia, Miami suffered its first loss of the season in the regular season finale, falling to Pittsburgh by a margin of 24-14. In the 2017 ACC Championship Game, Miami was obliterated by #1 Clemson by a score of 38-3. The Hurricanes accepted a berth in the 2017 Orange Bowl, a game they lost to #6 Wisconsin by a score of 34-24. On May 3, 2018, the University of Miami administration signed Richt to a five-year contract extension. Miami has won nine national championships from NCAA-designated major selectors. Miami claims the 1983, 1987, 1989,

40-21 win over Duke with quarterback Brad Kaaya becoming Miami's all-time leading passer to close the regular season. On December 28, 2016, Richt led the Hurricanes to their first bowl win in 10 years, when they defeated #16 West Virginia in the 2016 Russell Athletic Bowl by a score of 31-14. Miami finished 10–3 in 2017. The Hurricanes began the season on September 2, defeating in-state FCS opponent Bethune–Cookman by a margin of 41-13. The Hurricanes were supposed to play Arkansas State on September 9, but the game was cancelled due to Hurricane Irma battering the state of Florida that

on the final play of the fourth quarter, aided by several questionable calls. Miami scored a touchdown on its first possession in overtime on a 7-yard pass from Dorsey to Kellen Winslow II, and, on Ohio State's ensuing possession, the Hurricanes appeared to have won the game, 24–17, after Buckeyes quarterback Craig Krenzel's fourth-and-3 pass from the Miami 5 fell incomplete in the end zone. Miami players and coaches rushed the field and stadium fireworks were set off to commemorate the program's apparent sixth national championship. The celebration proved premature. At the conclusion of the play, Big 12 official Terry

national championship* in nine years behind quarterback Gino Torretta and a linebacking corps that featured Jessie Armstead and Micheal Barrow. Miami's toughest test came in mid-November at then-No. 1 Florida State in the initial Wide Right game; with the #2 Hurricanes leading 17–16 in the final minute of the game, Florida State kicker Gerry Thomas' potential game-winning field goal attempt sailed ""wide right"" of the uprights. Miami completed the second undefeated season in school history with a 22–0 shutout of No. 11 Nebraska in the 1992 Orange Bowl and finished first in the AP Poll, splitting the national championship with

defeat in school history, the university's athletic director, Blake James, announced Golden had been fired. Golden was 32–25 in his five seasons at Miami and led the program to bowl games in 2013 and 2014. Tight ends coach Larry Scott finished the season as interim head coach. In Scott's first game as interim head coach, the Hurricanes recorded a controversial win over Duke. The Hurricanes used eight laterals (reminiscent of the 1982 Cal-Stanford ending) on a kickoff return with no time remaining to score the game-winning touchdown and stun the Blue Devils by a score of 30-27. However, video evidence

"FIU–Miami football brawl"
— 18 from FIU, 13 from Miami — were handed one-game suspensions by their schools and conferences. In both schools' cases, the suspensions were not staggered, which was unusual considering the number of players involved. The ejected players (Chris Smith, McDuffie, Singleton, Ellis, Williams, Wellington and Penerton for FIU; Morse, Barney, Jones, Armour, Johnson and Samuel Smith for Miami) already faced minimum one-game suspensions under NCAA regulations for ejections. On Monday, Miami's coach suspended Bryant, Merriweather and Reddick indefinitely and announced that the other players would have to complete community service and sit out the next game, against Duke. Miami,

showed the play should have been blown dead and not counted as a touchdown, as Miami players who possessed the ball on that play's knee were shown to be on the ground more than once. Although the outcome of the game couldn't be changed, the Atlantic Coast Conference subsequently suspended the game and replay officials for failing to catch the errors and make the correct call. On November 7, Miami defeated Virginia by a score of 27-21. The next week, the Hurricanes lost to #17 North Carolina by a score of 59-21. Miami then defeated Georgia Tech 38-21 and Pittsburgh

rain, Tech defeated the Hurricanes by a final score of 31–7. Beat up and embarrassed, Miami then played Oklahoma. Without Heisman Award winner Sam Bradford, Oklahoma took an early 10–0 lead after two early Jacory Harris interceptions. Going into halftime, the Hurricanes trailed the Sooners 10–7 in a highly contested football game. Miami came out for the second with a huge hit on the kick off team by Cory Nelms that forced the Sooners to start inside their own 20. The following play, Sophomore Corner Brandon Harris hit Oklahoma Quarterback Landry Jones and forced a fumble that eventually led to

over Cincinnati that began a then NCAA-record 58 game home winning streak, heading into a matchup at No. 3 Oklahoma. Facing the nation's top-rated defense, Testaverde amassed 270 yards passing and threw touchdowns to Michael Irvin and Brian Blades, while also running for an additional score, in a 27–14 win over the Sooners. The Hurricanes ascended to number two in the rankings following a 58–7 victory over Notre Dame in the final game of the regular season, earning a trip to the Sugar Bowl to play the #8 Tennessee Volunteers. With No. 1 Penn State losing to Oklahoma in the

"2017 Miami Hurricanes football team"
2017 Miami Hurricanes football team The 2017 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Hurricanes' 92nd season of football and 14th as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Hurricanes were led by second-year head coach Mark Richt and played their home games at Hard Rock Stadium. They finished the season 10–3 overall and 7–1 in the ACC to finish in first in the Coastal Division. They advanced to the ACC Championship Game where they lost to Clemson, 38-3. They were invited to the Orange

who appoints the members of the board of governors of the federal reserve

"Federal Reserve"
appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered 14-year terms. One term begins every two years, on February 1 of even-numbered years, and members serving a full term cannot be renominated for a second term. ""[U]pon the expiration of their terms of office, members of the Board shall continue to serve until their successors are appointed and have qualified."" The law provides for the removal of a member of the board by the president ""for cause"". The board is required to make an annual report of operations to the Speaker of the U.S.

system in general. The Board obtains its funding from charges that it assesses on the Federal Reserve Banks, and not from the federal budget. Membership is by statute limited in term, and a member that has served for a full 14 year term is not eligible for reappointment. There are numerous occasions where an individual was appointed to serve the remainder of another member's uncompleted term, and has been reappointed to serve a full 14-year term. Since ""upon the expiration of their terms of office, members of the Board shall continue to serve until their successors are appointed and have

"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
Eoin Colfer, who wrote the sixth book in the Hitchhiker's series in 2008–09, used this latter concept but none of the plot ideas from ""The Salmon of Doubt"". In ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"" (published in 1979), the characters visit the legendary planet Magrathea, home to the now-collapsed planet-building industry, and meet Slartibartfast, a planetary coastline designer who was responsible for the fjords of Norway. Through archival recordings, he relates the story of a race of hyper-intelligent pan-dimensional beings who built a computer named Deep Thought to calculate the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and

"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)"
adventures of hapless Englishman Arthur Dent and his friend Ford Prefect, an alien who writes for ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"", a pan-galactic encyclopaedia and travel guide. After Earth is destroyed in the first episode, Arthur and Ford find themselves aboard a stolen spaceship piloted by a motley crew including Zaphod Beeblebrox (Ford's semi-cousin and Galactic President), depressed robot Marvin, and Trillian, the only other human survivor of Earth's destruction. A pilot programme was commissioned in March 1977, and was recorded by the end of the following June. A second series was commissioned in 1979, transmitted in 1980. Episodes

"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)"
for the first episode was recorded by Peter Jones in March 1980. The filming of two green-skinned aliens reacting to Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters was done on 8 May 1980. Further filming of crowd reactions to the Vogons, location filming of Arthur's house and a scene in a pub were done between 11 and 16 May 1980. Scenes aboard the Vogon ship were recorded on 7 June 1980, in the BBC's TC1 studio. The final edit of the pilot episode was completed on 2 July 1980, and it was premiered for a test audience three days later (5 July 1980).

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film. A prominent series in British popular culture, ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"" has become an international multi-media phenomenon; the novels are the most widely distributed, having been translated into more than 30 languages

The original series was the recipient of a number of awards including the Imperial Tobacco Award (1978), The Sony Award (1979), The Society of Authors/Pye Awards Best Programme for Young People (1980) and the Mark Time Awards 'Grand Master Award' (Adams) and 'Hall of Fame' (1998). It was the only radio show ever to be nominated for the Hugo science fiction awards, in 1979, in the 'Best Dramatic Presentation' category. As a result of the series, Douglas Adams was inducted into the Radio Academy's Hall of Fame. In November 2003, two years after Adams's death and 23 years after the

the course for ""The Restaurant at the End of the Universe"". The mice, in Arthur's absence, create a phony question since it is too troublesome for them to wait 10 million years again just to cash in on a lucrative deal. The book was adapted from the first four radio episodes. It was first published in 1979, initially in paperback, by Pan Books, after BBC Publishing had turned down the offer of publishing a novelization, an action they would later regret. The book reached number one on the book charts in only its second week, and sold over 250,000 copies

time the sixth episode was broadcast, the show had become a cult hit. The success of the series encouraged Adams to adapt it into a novel, which was based on the first four Fits and released in the second week of October 1979. While the second radio series was being recorded in 1979, Adams was commissioned to deliver a pilot script for a television adaptation, which, after a number of delays, was delivered by 1981. The storyline set out by the initial radio series has since appeared in numerous formats including a 1984 video game and a 2005 feature film.

The narrative of the various versions of the story are frequently punctuated with excerpts from the ""Guide"". The voice of the ""Guide"" (Peter Jones in the first two radio series and TV versions, later William Franklyn in the third, fourth and fifth radio series, and Stephen Fry in the movie version), also provides general narration. The first radio series of six episodes (called ""Fits"" after the names of the sections of Lewis Carroll's nonsense poem ""The Hunting of the Snark"") was broadcast in 1978 on BBC Radio 4. Despite a low-key launch of the series (the first episode was broadcast

Television Awards for its graphics and editing. After the success of the first seven episodes of the radio series, all broadcast in 1978, and while the second radio series was being recorded, Douglas Adams was commissioned to deliver a pilot script for a television adaptation on 29 May 1979, to be delivered by 1 August. A fully animated version was briefly discussed in the autumn of 1978, but it was eventually decided to make most of the series feature ""live action"" and only animate ""The Guide""'s entries. John Lloyd, who had worked with Adams on the first radio series, is

of consciously choosing the name. A pilot episode was commissioned on 1 March 1977 and the recording was completed on 28 June 1977. Brett and Adams recounted different parts of the pilot episode's genesis, including convincing the BBC that such a programme could not be recorded with a studio audience, and insisting that the programme be recorded in stereo sound. To win the latter argument, ""Hitchhiker's"" was briefly classified internally as a drama instead of a comedy, as in 1977 BBC Radio Drama programmes were allowed to be recorded in stereo, whereas BBC Radio Comedy programmes were not. A full

positive reviews from critics with many critics calling it similar to the fourth and fifth seasons. On Rotten Tomatoes, this season is rated 67% with 6 reviews and an average rating of 6.5/10. Kyle Fowle from ""The A.V. Club"" had a very mixed reaction to the season, only giving one episode an A- or higher. Fowle felt the season was frustrating, believing the season would be defined ""by its lack of character progress and overstuffed episodes."" The series was renewed for seasons 9 and 10 in May 2017. In January 2018, Steve Levitan and Christopher Lloyd announced that season 10

Modern Family Modern Family is an American television mockumentary family sitcom that premiered on ABC on September 23, 2009, which follows the lives of Jay Pritchett and his family, all of whom live in suburban Los Angeles. Pritchett's family includes his second wife, their son and his stepson, as well as his two adult children and their spouses and children. Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan conceived the series while sharing stories of their own ""modern families"". ""Modern Family"" employs an ensemble cast. The series is presented in mockumentary style, with the characters frequently talking directly into the camera. The series

season, plus a percentage of back end profits. O'Neill had already been earning $200,000 an episode, so his salary was lowered to parity with his co-stars but with a larger percentage of the back-end profits. Later in the summer four of the five child stars negotiated increases from $15,000–$25,000 to $70,000 per episode with an additional $10,000 per season raise. In ""The New York Times"", Bruce Feiler called attention to how the show depicts the increasing way communications technology shapes the way people perceive others, even family members. ""[It] is surely the first family comedy that incorporates its own hashtag

was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2017, which premiered on September 26, 2018. Co-creators Levitan and Lloyd have stated that the tenth season is planned to be the series' final, with talks of a spin-off. ""Modern Family"" was acclaimed by critics throughout its first few seasons, although reception has become more mixed as the series has progressed. The show won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in each of its first five years and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series four times, twice each for Eric Stonestreet and Ty Burrell, as

"Modern Family (season 10)"
Modern Family (season 10) The tenth season of ""Modern Family"" debuted on September 26, 2018 on ABC. The show is scheduled on Wednesday nights and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Steven Levitan Prods., and Picador Productions, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. ""Modern Family"" was renewed for its tenth season in May 2017. In January 2018, creators Levitan and Lloyd stated that the tenth season would most likely be the series' final although later in August 2018, it was reported that ABC were in discussions to renew the series for a potential 18-episode eleventh and

"Modern Family (season 8)"
Modern Family (season 8) The eighth season of ""Modern Family"" was ordered on March 3, 2016, by ABC. The season premiered on September 21, 2016. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. The season concluded on May 17, 2017. ""Modern Family"" was renewed for an eighth season on March 3, 2016, with several other ABC shows. Sofia Vergara shared a photo on Instagram of the cast doing a photo-shoot for the eighth season

final season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Modern Family (season 10) The tenth season of ""Modern Family"" debuted on September 26, 2018 on ABC. The show is scheduled on Wednesday nights and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Steven Levitan Prods., and Picador Productions, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. ""Modern Family"" was renewed for its tenth season in May 2017. In January 2018, creators Levitan and Lloyd stated that the tenth season would most likely be the series' final although later in August 2018, it was reported that ABC were in discussions to renew the series for a potential

act when it separates its characters into three storylines with no overlap between them."" The second half was more warmly received, with three episodes rated an ""A-"" or higher. The show's sixth season received very positive reviews from TV critics, with some claiming that it was an improvement over the last few seasons. This season has a rating of 98% on Rotten Tomatoes. Joshua Alston and Gwen Ihnat ""The A.V. Club"" have awarded the majority of episodes a ""B"" grade or higher – with particular praise for ""The Day We Almost Died"" and ""Closet? You'll Love It!"" – marking an

"Modern Family (season 7)"
a Day."" The three episodes received a B+, A- and B+, respectively. Modern Family (season 7) The seventh season of ""Modern Family"" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The season premiered on September 23, 2015. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. On March 3, 2016, ABC renewed the show for an eighth season. ""Modern Family"" was renewed for a seventh season on May 7, 2015 by ABC. It was announced

Eurostar
Eurostar Eurostar is a high-speed railway service connecting London with Amsterdam, Avignon, Brussels, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Paris and Rotterdam. All its trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Getlink. The London terminus is St Pancras International, the other British calling points being Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International in Kent. Intermediate calling points in France are Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe, with trains to Paris terminating at Gare du Nord. Trains to Belgium terminate at Midi/Zuid station in Brussels. The only intermediate calling point in the Netherlands is Rotterdam Centraal, with trains terminating at

Eurostar
during school holidays, and an up-to-5-times-a-week service to Marseille via Lyon and Avignon. There are also seasonal services in the winter. ""Snow trains"", aimed at skiers, to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Aime-la-Plagne and Moûtiers in the Alps; these run twice-weekly, one overnight and one during the daytime. Intermediate stations are Ebbsfleet International in northwest Kent, Ashford International in southeast Kent, and Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In February 2018, Eurostar announced the start of its long planned service from London to Amsterdam, with an initial two trains per day from April of that year running between St Pancras and Amsterdam Centraal. This launched

Eurostar
the British end of the Channel Tunnel. It was built in two stages. The first section between the tunnel and Fawkham Junction in north Kent opened in September 2003, cutting London–Paris journey times by 21 minutes to 2 hours 35 minutes, and London–Brussels to 2 hours 20 minutes. On 14 November 2007, commercial services began over the whole of the new HS1 line. The redeveloped St Pancras International station became the new London terminus for all Eurostar services. The completion of High Speed 1 has brought the British part of Eurostar's route up to the same standards as the French

Eurostar
in southern England. The French and Belgian parts of the network are shared with Paris–Brussels Thalys services and also with TGV trains. In the United Kingdom the two-stage Channel Tunnel Rail Link project was completed on 14 November 2007 and renamed ""High Speed 1"", when the London terminus of Eurostar changed from Waterloo International to St Pancras International. Until 2010, Eurostar was operated jointly by the national railway companies of France and Belgium, SNCF and SNCB/NMBS, and Eurostar (UK) Ltd (EUKL), a subsidiary of London and Continental Railways (LCR), which also owned the high-speed infrastructure and stations on the British

Eurostar
using the North of London trainsets across the rest of Britain, Eurostar has developed its connections with other transport services instead, such as integrating effectively with traditional UK rail operators' schedules and routes, making it possible for passengers to use Eurostar as a quick connection to further destinations on the continent. All three main terminals used by the Eurostar service – St Pancras International, Paris Gare du Nord, and Brussels Midi/Zuid – are served by domestic trains and by local urban transport networks such as the London Underground and the Paris Metro. Standard Eurostar tickets no longer include free onward

"St Pancras railway station"
St Pancras railway station St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras and officially since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar continental services from London via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It provides East Midlands Trains and Thameslink services to , and on the Midland Main Line and Southeastern high-speed trains to Kent via and , and local Thameslink cross-London services. It stands between the British Library, the Regent's

Eurostar
flag"" decal. The train was then put on display for the press at St Pancras International. However, this is not the class of train that would be used for the proposed service. At the St Pancras ceremony, DB revealed that it planned to operate from London to Frankfurt and Amsterdam (two of the biggest air travel markets in Europe), with trains 'splitting & joining' in Brussels. It hoped to begin these services in 2013 using Class 407 ICE units, with three trains per day each way—morning, midday and afternoon. Initially the only calling points would be Rotterdam on the way

Eurostar
is a crucial part of the route as it is the only rail connection between Great Britain and the European mainland. It joins LGV Nord in France with High Speed One in Britain. Tunnelling began in 1988, and the tunnel was officially opened by British sovereign Queen Elizabeth II and the French President François Mitterrand at a ceremony in Calais on 6 May 1994. It is owned by Getlink, which charges a significant toll to Eurostar for its use. In 1996, the American Society of Civil Engineers named the tunnel as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.

St Pancras tube station (opened November 2009) and the new concourse for King's Cross (opened March 2012). St Pancras railway station St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras and officially since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar continental services from London via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It provides East Midlands Trains and Thameslink services to , and on the Midland Main Line and Southeastern high-speed trains to

Eurostar
ceremony and a large advertising campaign, on 14 November 2007, Eurostar services in London transferred from Waterloo to the extended and extensively refurbished St Pancras International. The Channel Tunnel used by Eurostar services holds the record for having the longest undersea section anywhere in the world, and it is the second-longest rail tunnel in the world. On 30 July 2003, a Eurostar train set a new British speed record of on the first section of the ""High Speed 1"" railway through the Channel Tunnel, two months before official services began running. On 16 May 2006, Eurostar set a new record

"The Karate Kid (2010 film)"
the neighborhood bully (Zhenwei Wang). He makes an unlikely ally in the form of an aging maintenance man, Mr. Han (Chan), a kung fu master who teaches him the secrets of self-defense. Dre Parker, an African-American teen, and his mother Sherry Parker move from Detroit to Beijing after she gets a job transfer at her car factory. After a day at a park, Dre eyes a young violinist, Meiying, who reciprocates his attention, but another boy Cheng, a rebellious kung fu prodigy whose family is close to Meiying's, attempts to keep them apart by physically attacking Dre, and later bullies

"The Karate Kid"
Supporting Actor. In 1984, 17-year-old Daniel LaRusso moves with his mother Lucille from Newark, New Jersey to Reseda, Los Angeles, California. Their apartment's handyman is an eccentric but kindly and humble Okinawan immigrant named Keisuke Miyagi. Daniel befriends Ali Mills, an attractive high school cheerleader, which draws the attentions of her arrogant ex-boyfriend Johnny Lawrence, a skilled practitioner from the ""Cobra Kai"" dojo, where he studies an unethical and vicious form of karate. Johnny and his Cobra Kai gang continually torment Daniel, savagely beating him until Mr. Miyagi intervenes and single-handedly defeats the five attackers with ease. Amazed, Daniel asks

Fu instead of Japanese-Okinawan Karate. The film's music was composed by James Horner. It is an international co-production between China, Hong Kong, and the United States. Principal photography took place in Beijing, China, and filming began in July 2009 and ended on October 16, 2009. ""The Karate Kid"" was released theatrically worldwide on June 11, 2010 by Sony Pictures. ""The Karate Kid"" received mixed reviews and it earned $359.1 million on a $40 million budget. The plot concerns 12-year-old Dre Parker (Smith) from Detroit, Michigan who moves to Beijing, China with his mother (Taraji P. Henson) and runs afoul of

appeared in the trailer. The music video was released on May 22, 2010. ""Bang Bang"" by K'naan featuring Adam Levine and ""Say"" by John Mayer are also featured in the movie. It also features Lady Gaga's ""Poker Face"", Flo Rida's ""Low"" and Gorillaz' ""Dirty Harry"" (being performed in Chinese). An abbreviated form of Frédéric Chopin's Nocturne No. 20 is featured, arranged for strings, in Meiying's violin audition scene, along with Sergei Rachmaninoff's piano transcription of ""Flight of the Bumblebee"" by Rimsky-Korsakov. The film premiered May 26 in Chicago, with appearances by Jackie Chan and Jaden Smith, and a brief surprise

her knowledge. Her parents thus deem Dre a bad influence and forbid her from seeing him again. During their training, Han gives Dre a day off. Dre seeks an explanation that night and finds Han apparently drunk, smashing the car he was working on. Han explains to Dre that he crashed the same car years ago, and that his wife and ten-year-old son were killed in the crash. Han fixes the car every year but smashes it to remind himself of what happened; this inspires Dre to train harder to help his teacher get past the incident. Han assists Dre

him at school. During an attack, the maintenance man, Mr. Han, comes to Dre's aid. When Cheng and his friends try to interfere, Han defeats each of them in close combat, showing himself to be a kung fu master. Han helps heal Dre's injuries using fire cupping as he tells the boy that those students aren't bad but their teacher is. Intrigued, Dre asks if Mr. Han could teach him kung fu. Han refuses, but brings him to meet Cheng's teacher, Master Li, at the Fighting Dragon studio to make peace. Li, who teaches his students to show no mercy

"The Next Karate Kid"
commercial failure; though many critics praised the acting, they ultimately saw the film as unnecessary. Mr. Miyagi travels to Boston, Massachusetts to attend a commendation for Japanese-American soldiers, who fought in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team during World War II. He meets Louisa Pierce, the widow of his commanding officer, Lieutenant Jack Pierce. At Pierce's home, they catch up on old times and war stories. Miyagi is introduced to Pierce's granddaughter, Julie, a teenage girl struggling with anger issues due to her parents' death in a car accident. Her behavior has led to friction between Julie and her grandmother, along

"Karate Cop"
human on earth dead, devastated the environment, and collapsed society and the global economy. Crime rates have drastically increased, and the few human beings left have decided to fend for themselves; therefore, much of the world, including America, have seen the rise of gangs of rampaging marauders. In post-apocalyptic America, the once-stable society has become a corrupt, crime-ridden totalitarian wasteland. The few remaining citizens are either hiding in devastated urban areas or are controlled by various gangs that now rule the cities with an iron fist. A former cop, John Travis, is a martial arts expert and spends his days

"The Martial Arts Kid"
grandmother has had enough after his latest arrest, Robbie is sent to Cocoa Beach, Florida to live with his aunt Cindy and uncle Glen. The night of his arrival, Robbie sneaks out of the house and goes to a local convenience store. There, he sees a young girl, Rina, sitting in a car. When he talks to her, Rina's boyfriend Bo harasses and punches Robbie in the face. The next day at school, Robbie finds himself again harassed and embarrassed by Bo, who pushes him into the girls' restroom. At lunch, Robbie meets his first friend, Lenny, who sees the

"13 Assassins (2010 film)"
open-air set in Tsuruoka in the Yamagata Prefecture in northern Japan. The filming of the action scenes took about three weeks and was met with minor weather-related difficulties. Miike had strayed from the use of CGI in the film as well as planning the scenes via storyboarding, insisting on shooting the scenes right away. In a separate interview, however, Miike said that some CGI were used, albeit minimal. Over half of the thirteen actors playing the assassins were reportedly inexperienced in sword fighting and horseback riding, and Miike wanted them to be just that, explaining, ""If the actors had been

"The Age of Adaline"
The Age of Adaline The Age of Adaline is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film directed by Lee Toland Krieger and written by J. Mills Goodloe and Salvador Paskowitz. The film stars Blake Lively in the title role, with Michiel Huisman, Kathy Baker, Amanda Crew, Harrison Ford, and Ellen Burstyn in supporting roles. Narrated by Hugh Ross, the story follows Adaline Bowman, a young woman who stops aging after an accident at the age of 29. The film was co-produced by Sidney Kimmel Entertainment and Lakeshore Entertainment. In October 2013, Lively was cast as the title character, with Krieger attached

by age and one more by William's longing—is even more powerful [than the devastating look on his face]. This is Ford's best performance since ""The Fugitive"", maybe since ""Witness"""". The Age of Adaline The Age of Adaline is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film directed by Lee Toland Krieger and written by J. Mills Goodloe and Salvador Paskowitz. The film stars Blake Lively in the title role, with Michiel Huisman, Kathy Baker, Amanda Crew, Harrison Ford, and Ellen Burstyn in supporting roles. Narrated by Hugh Ross, the story follows Adaline Bowman, a young woman who stops aging after an accident

reported that Natalie Portman had been offered the lead role. On August 25, Portman told ""Entertainment Weekly"" that she had declined the offer. On October 16, 2013, Blake Lively and Ellen Burstyn were cast in the film to play the lead roles, with Lively starring as the title character. On January 15, 2014 Harrison Ford joined the cast, and the film was set to begin shooting in March of that year. On February 11, 2014 Michiel Huisman joined the cast to star opposite Lively as Adaline's love interest. Filming began on March 10, 2014 in Vancouver and continued through May

actual director of the film. Producer Dan Cohen had shown him the script at a general meeting in 2009. On May 12, 2010, Katherine Heigl was cast as the title character. On November 12, 2010, Angela Lansbury was added to the cast of the film, set to play the daughter of the ageless Adaline. On November 15, Heigl withdrew from ""Adaline""'s cast, and there were rumors that she had been fired by Lakeshore, which both Lakeshore and Heigl denied. She later announced that her withdrawal was a result of her recent adoption of a daughter. On August 15, 2011, TheWrap

from 2,991 locations. ""The Age of Adaline"" has received mixed reviews from critics, although the performances of Blake Lively and Harrison Ford received very positive reviews and were cited as some of their best work in recent years. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 56%, based on 150 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's consensus reads """"The Age of Adaline"" ruminates on mortality less compellingly than similarly themed films, but is set apart by memorable performances from Blake Lively and Harrison Ford."" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 51 out of 100,

5. On March 11, 2014 filming at the Hotel Vancouver commenced. Anamorphic lenses and minimal use of steadicams were employed to provide greater authenticity for scenes set in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. The films ""Gentlemen Prefer Blondes"" and ""How to Marry a Millionaire"" served as inspiration for the period color tone and saturation. While Rob Simonsen scored the film, Lana Del Rey contributed a song titled ""Life Is Beautiful"". The song is featured in the film's trailer but is not included in the soundtrack. On August 15, 2014, Lionsgate set the film for a January 23, 2015 worldwide release.

Later, the date was moved to April 24, 2015. The film was released on DVD on September 8, 2015. The promotional campaign was aimed primarily at fashion-conscious women. Danielle DePalma, executive vice-president of digital marketing at Lionsgate, said, ""We were very aware of Blake’s high-fashion profile when we crafted the campaign, and there was so much beautiful imagery from the film."" They created vignettes for MTV and VH1 and a fashion segment for E! News showing viewers how to achieve the same looks as Lively. They created a custom ""Fashion Journey Through the Decades"" initiative, through which a fashion influencer

it was reported that Andy Tennant was set to direct the film. On October 31, 2010, Summit Entertainment bought the US distribution rights to the film, which was set to begin shooting in March 2011 for an early 2012 release. On February 22, 2011, it was reported that Gabriele Muccino was in talks to direct the film, replacing Tennant, with the film re-titled from ""The Age of Adaline"" to simply ""Adaline"". On May 14, 2012, it was announced that Spanish director Isabel Coixet would direct the film instead. On October 16, 2013, Lee Toland Krieger was reported to be the

to direct. Principal photography took place in Vancouver from March 5, 2014 to May 5. ""The Age of Adaline"" premiered in New York City on April 19, 2015 was theatrically released on April 24 in the United States by Lionsgate. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with many praising the performances of Lively and Ford respectively and was frequently cited as some of their best work in recent years. It was a modest box-office success, grossing $65.7 million worldwide on a $25 million budget. The film received two nominations at the 42nd Saturn Awards, one for Best Fantasy Film

based on 32 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave ""The Age of Adaline"" an average grade of ""A−"" on an A+ to F scale. Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four stars, expressing surprise at the film's increase in quality midway through: ""I've never seen a less involving movie become so compelling at the exact moment when you've resigned to write it off as just okay."" He also gave high praise to Harrison Ford's dramatic performance, writing that ""Ford's voice—always deep, lowered an octave

URL
URL A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but are also used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications. Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the

URL
paths, preceded by a double slash (codice_5). Berners-Lee later expressed regret at the use of dots to separate the parts of the domain name within URIs, wishing he had used slashes throughout, and also said that, given the colon following the first component of a URI, the two slashes before the domain name were unnecessary. An early (1993) draft of the HTML Specification referred to ""Universal"" Resource Locators. This was dropped some time between June 1994 (RFC 1630) and October 1994 (draft-ietf-uri-url-08.txt). Every HTTP URL conforms to the syntax of a generic URI. A web browser will usually dereference a

URL
target computer decodes the address and displays the page. Protocol-relative links (PRL), also known as protocol-relative URLs (PRURL), are URLs that have no protocol specified. For example, codice_12 will use the protocol of the current page, either HTTP or HTTPS. URL A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http),

"Uniform Resource Name"
Uniform Resource Name A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the scheme. URNs were originally conceived to be part of a three-part information architecture for the Internet, along with Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and Uniform Resource Characteristics (URCs), a metadata framework. As described in the 1994 <nowiki>RFC</nowiki> 1737, and later in the 1997 <nowiki>RFC</nowiki> 2141 , URNs were distinguished from URLs, which identify resources by specifying their locations in the context of a particular access protocol, such as HTTP or FTP. In contrast, URNs were conceived as persistent, location-independent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces,

URL
URL by performing an HTTP request to the specified host, by default on port number 80. URLs using the codice_6 scheme require that requests and responses will be made over a secure connection to the website. Internet users are distributed throughout the world using a wide variety of languages and alphabets and expect to be able to create URLs in their own local alphabets. An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a form of URL that includes Unicode characters. All modern browsers support IRIs. The parts of the URL requiring special treatment for different alphabets are the domain name and path.

URL
form codice_1, which indicates a protocol (codice_2), a hostname (codice_3), and a file name (codice_4). Uniform Resource Locators were defined in in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and the URI working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents Birds of a feather session in 1992. The format combines the pre-existing system of domain names (created in 1985) with file path syntax, where slashes are used to separate directory and filenames. Conventions already existed where server names could be prefixed to complete file

"Tag URI scheme"
Tag URI scheme The tag URI scheme is a uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme for unique identifiers called tags, defined by RFC 4151 in October 2005. The RFC identifies four requirements for tags: Tags are used extensively in YAML. The general syntax of a tag URI is: In this syntax, the codice_1 is either a domain name or an email address, and the date is in the YYYY-MM-DD format, such as codice_2. Thus, a specific tag is tied to a specific domain name or email address at a specific point of time. It is required that the ""tagging entity"" creating

QName
QName A QName, or qualified name, is the fully qualified name of an element, attribute, or identifier in an XML document. A QName concisely associates the URI of an XML namespace with the ""local name"" of an element, attribute, or identifier in that namespace. To make this association, the QName assigns the local name a ""prefix"" that corresponds to its namespace. In all, the QName comprises the URI of the XML namespace, the ""prefix"", and the ""local name"". The World Wide Web Consortium introduced the QName convention in the 1999 specification ""Namespaces in XML"". Since URI references can be long

"File URI scheme"
File URI scheme The file URI scheme is a URI scheme defined in , typically used to retrieve files from within one's own computer. Previously the file URI scheme was specified in and . The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published RFC 8089, obsoleting these RFCs, with ""a syntax based on the generic syntax of that is compatible with most existing usages."" A file URI takes the form of where host is the fully qualified domain name of the system on which the ""path"" is accessible, and path is a hierarchical directory path of the form ""directory""/""directory""/.../""name"". If ""host"" is

URL
The domain name in the IRI is known as an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). Web and Internet software automatically convert the domain name into punycode usable by the Domain Name System; for example, the Chinese URL codice_7 becomes codice_8. The codice_9 indicates that the character was not originally ASCII. The URL path name can also be specified by the user in the local writing system. If not already encoded, it is converted to UTF-8, and any characters not part of the basic URL character set are escaped as hexadecimal using percent-encoding; for example, the Japanese URL codice_10 becomes codice_11. The

"The dose makes the poison"
The dose makes the poison ""The dose makes the poison"" () is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim ""All things are poison, and nothing is without poison, the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison."" This is often condensed to: ""The dose makes the poison"" or in Latin, . It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e.,

already have significant chronic effects if there is a long-term exposure. Many pollutants, drugs, and natural substances adhere to this principle by causing different effects at different levels, which can as a result lead to health standards that are either too strong or too weak. Generally the effects of different doses can be very different at different levels (not only bigger and smaller impacts depending on dose). The dose makes the poison ""The dose makes the poison"" () is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim

"The Dose Makes the Poison"
The Dose Makes the Poison The Dose That Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology, written by M. Alice Ottoboni and originally published in 1984 by Vincente Books, is a non-fiction book to help laypeople understand the environmental, industrial, and personal risks of using chemicals. As of March 2016, the book is in its third edition. The author of the book is M. Alice Ottoboni, a toxicologist who served over twenty years in the California Department of Health Services. Along with lecturing and consulting on toxicology and the environmental factors concerning public health, Ottoboni was also a scientific

Hebenon
Hebenon Hebenon (or hebona) is a botanical substance described in William Shakespeare's tragic play ""Hamlet"". The identity and nature of the poison has been a source of speculation for centuries. Hebenon is the agent of death in Hamlet's father's murder, it sets in motion the events of the play. It is spelled ""hebona"" in the Quartos and ""hebenon"" in the Folios. This is the only mention of ""hebenon/hebona"" in any of Shakespeare's plays. Writers from Shakespeare's time to the present have speculated about the identity of hebenon. It may be different from hemlock, as hemlock is explicitly mentioned in several

"George Went Hensley"
resemblance to doctrines of the Wesleyan Holiness tradition. In his sermons he condemned a number of practices as sinful, including gambling, consuming alcohol, wearing lipstick, and playing baseball. The 17th and 18th verses in chapter 16 of the Gospel of Mark, the , formed the core of Hensley's justification of snake handling and other miraculous activities (he also drank poison in some services, including strychnine and battery acid). He interpreted the passage as a command, rather than an observation of events that occurred in the lives of some Apostles, as Christians have traditionally interpreted the verses. By handling snakes, he

Hebenon
sufficient to say he meant a specific plant. Hebenon is a poison used to kill a pope and other world leaders in the thriller, ""The Tao Deception"", by John M Green. Further reading Hebenon Hebenon (or hebona) is a botanical substance described in William Shakespeare's tragic play ""Hamlet"". The identity and nature of the poison has been a source of speculation for centuries. Hebenon is the agent of death in Hamlet's father's murder, it sets in motion the events of the play. It is spelled ""hebona"" in the Quartos and ""hebenon"" in the Folios. This is the only mention of

"Samuel Thomson"
New Hampshire and the adjoining towns. During the first half of the 19th century his system had numerous followers, including some of his sons. It was based upon opening the paths of elimination so that toxins could be removed via physiological processes. This was not unique to Thomson: so-called ""regular physicians"" used calomel, a toxic mercury-based compound, to induce vomiting and purgation. Thomson's more moderate and less toxic means attracted large numbers of followers. Displeased with the conventional medicines and enthusiastic about the results he had had by means of his system, he proposed it as a natural alternative, stating:

"History of poison"
small portions of dozens of the best-known herbal remedies of the time, which he named Mithridatium. This was kept secret until his kingdom was invaded by Pompey the Great, who took it back to Rome. After being defeated by Pompey, Mithridates' antidote prescriptions and notes of medicinal plants were taken by the Romans and translated into Latin. Pliny the Elder describes over 7000 different poisons. One he describes as ""The blood of a duck found in a certain district of Pontus, which was supposed to live on poisonous food, and the blood of this duck was afterwards used in the

made discoveries relating to a mercury chloride called corrosive sublimate. An ointment derived from this sublimate was used to cure what Rhazes described as 'the itch', which is now referred to as scabies. This proved an effective treatment because of mercury's poisonous nature and ability to penetrate the skin, allowing it to eliminate the disease and the itch. Nazi war leader Hermann Göring used cyanide to kill himself the night before he was supposed to be hanged during the Nuremberg Trials. Adolf Hitler had also taken a pill of cyanide but he bit down on the capsule and shot himself

Paracelsus
Paracelsus Paracelsus (; 1493/4 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, and astrologer of the German Renaissance. He was a pioneer in several aspects of the ""medical revolution"" of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the ""father of toxicology"". He also had a substantial impact as a prophet or diviner, his ""Prognostications"" being studied by Rosicrucians in the 1700s. Paracelsianism is the early modern medical movement inspired by the study of his works. Paracelsus was born

"Aaron Smolinski"
California, he gave up acting to follow gymnastics. His family moved back to Calgary where he enrolled at the University of Calgary to study for a career in child psychology. Aaron Smolinski has two children: Addyson and Logan Smolinski. His brother, Travis, has three children: Hunter, Colton, and Sierra Smolinski. Aaron Smolinski Aaron Smolinski is a Canadian actor. His first acting role was as at the age of two in the 1978 film ""Superman"" as the infant Clark Kent. He has also appeared in ""Superman II"" and in different roles in ""Superman III"" and ""Man of Steel"". Aaron grew up

"Superman (1978 film)"
big letdown"", praising Reeve as ""the salvaging strength of the film"" but referring to the matter of the villain as ""an essential problem"", finding that ""even in a succession of wigs, Gene Hackman is not preposterous, funny or dementedly menacing, and what he's doing here is not evident."" Gary Arnold of ""The Washington Post"" wrote in a positive review, ""Despite a lull here and a lapse there, this superproduction turns out to be prodigiously inventive and enjoyable, doubly blessed by sophisticated illusionists behind the cameras and a brilliant new stellar personality in front of the cameras—Christopher Reeve, a young actor

"Jeff East"
Jeff East Jeffrey Franklin East (born October 27, 1957) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of fourteen, East is known for his portrayal of Huckleberry Finn in the United Artists feature films ""Tom Sawyer"" (1973) and ""Huckleberry Finn"" (1974), as well as for his portrayal of a teenage Clark Kent in Richard Donner's ""Superman: The Movie"" (1978). East was born Jeffrey Franklin East on October 27, 1957, in Kansas City, Missouri, to parents Ira and Joan Ann East. His father worked in real estate and his mother was a home-maker. East grew up with

Aaron Smolinski Aaron Smolinski is a Canadian actor. His first acting role was as at the age of two in the 1978 film ""Superman"" as the infant Clark Kent. He has also appeared in ""Superman II"" and in different roles in ""Superman III"" and ""Man of Steel"". Aaron grew up in Calgary, Alberta, Canada with his parents (Leslie and Susanne) and brother (Travis). He performed in multiple movies, ""Superman"", ""Superman II"", and ""Superman III"", as well as many TV commercials. At primary school, Aaron was very athletic, participating in soccer, ice hockey and gymnastics. When his family moved to southern

door in my face."" Jeff East portrays teenage Clark Kent. East's lines were overdubbed by Reeve during post-production. ""I was not happy about it because the producers never told me what they had in mind,"" East commented. ""It was done without my permission but it turned out to be okay. Chris did a good job but it caused tension between us. We resolved our issues with each other years later."" East also tore several thigh muscles when performing the stunt of racing alongside the train. He applied 3 to 4 hours of prosthetic makeup daily to facially resemble Reeve. Principal

He also refused to memorize his dialogue, so cue cards were compiled across the set. Fellow Oscar winner Hackman was cast as Lex Luthor days later. The filmmakers made it a priority to shoot all of Brando's and Hackman's footage ""because they would be committed to other films immediately."" Though the Salkinds felt that Puzo had written a solid story for the two-part film, they deemed his scripts too long and so hired Robert Benton and David Newman for rewrite work. Benton became too busy directing ""The Late Show"", so David's wife Leslie was brought in to help her husband

"Tommy Bond"
Tommy Bond Thomas Ross ""Tommy"" Bond (September 16, 1926 – September 24, 2005) was an American actor. A native of Dallas, Texas, Bond was best known for his work as a child actor for two different nonconsecutive periods on ""Our Gang"" (""Little Rascals"") comedies (first as ""Tommy"" and later as ""Butch""). Also, he is noted for being the first actor to appear onscreen as ""Superman's pal"" Jimmy Olsen, having portrayed the character in the film serials ""Superman"" (1948) and ""Atom Man vs. Superman"" (1950). Bond got his start in 1931 at the age of five when a talent scout for

or Jor-El for $4 million, turning down all three roles. When it was next decided to cast an unknown actor, casting director Lynn Stalmaster first suggested Christopher Reeve, but Donner and the producers felt he was too young and skinny. Over 200 unknown actors auditioned for Superman. Olympic champion Bruce (Caitlyn) Jenner had auditioned for the title role. Patrick Wayne was cast, but dropped out when his father John Wayne was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Both Neil Diamond and Arnold Schwarzenegger lobbied hard for the role, but were ignored. James Caan, James Brolin, Lyle Waggoner, Christopher Walken, Nick Nolte, Jon

crest resembling a different letter, justifying the 'S' on Superman's costume. The Writers Guild of America refused to credit Mankiewicz for his rewrites, so Donner gave him a creative consultant credit, much to the annoyance of the Guild. It was initially decided to first sign an A-list actor for Superman before Richard Donner was hired as director. Robert Redford was offered a large sum, but felt he was too famous. Burt Reynolds also turned down the role, while Sylvester Stallone was interested, but nothing ever came of it. Paul Newman was offered his choice of roles as Superman, Lex Luthor

"Clark Kent"
has a good, often wisecracking, sense of humor. Reeves, who first appeared as the character in the 1951 film ""Superman and the Mole Men"", was older than subsequent Superman actors. In 1978, the first of four Superman films was made in which Clark Kent and Superman were portrayed by Christopher Reeve (with teenage Kent played by Jeff East in the first film). This was followed nearly two decades later by a fifth film called ""Superman Returns"" with Brandon Routh giving a performance very similar to Reeve's. In contrast to George Reeves' intellectual Clark Kent, Reeve's version is much more of

"Equus (genus)"
each other both visually and vocally. Human activities have threatened wild equine populations. The word ""equus"" is Latin for ""horse"", and is cognate with the Greek ἵππος (""hippos""), ""horse"", and Mycenaean Greek ""i-qo"" /ikkʷos/, the earliest attested variant of the Greek word, written in Linear B syllabic script.; compare the alternative development of the Proto-Greek labiovelar in Ionic ἴκκος (""ikkos""). The genus ""Equus"" was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is the only recognized extant genus in the family Equidae. The first equids were small, dog-sized mammals (e.g. ""Eohippus"") adapted for browsing on shrubs during the Eocene, around

The oldest material to date was found in Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged ""E. livenzovensis"" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate that the most recent common ancestor of all modern equines (members of the genus ""Equus"") lived ~5.6 (3.9-7.8) Mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Mya for the most recent common ancestor within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Mya. Mitochondrial evidence supports the division of ""Equus"" species into noncaballoid (which includes

Equidae
Equidae Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus ""Equus"". Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros, and several extinct families. The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine. The oldest known fossils assigned to Equidae date from the early Eocene, 54 million years ago. They used to be assigned to the genus ""Hyracotherium"", but the type species of

54 million years ago (Mya). These animals had three toes on the hind feet and four on the front feet with small hooves in place of claws, but also had soft pads.<ref name=""doi10.1126/science.1105458""></ref> Equids developed into larger, three-toed animals (e.g. ""Mesohippus"") during the Oligocene and Miocene. From there, the side toes became progressively smaller through the Pleistocene until the emergence of the single-toed ""Equus"". The genus ""Equus"", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from ""Dinohippus"", via the intermediate form ""Plesippus"". One of the oldest species is ""Equus simplicidens"", described as zebra-like with a donkey-like head shape.

"Equus conversidens"
Equus conversidens Equus conversidens (Owen 1869), or the Mexican horse, is a dubious Pleistocene species of horse, now extinct, that inhabited North America. The holotype of ""Equus conversidens"", a partial palate, was unearthed in Pleistocene deposits northeast of Mexico City, Mexico. In January 1963, a partial skeleton was found in the city of Canyon, Texas in a white clay bed during the excavation of a basement, and was referred to ""E. conversidens"" by Dalquest and Hughes (1965), who interpreted the species as medium to small-sized, and added additional records of the species from Texas (including a skeleton from Slaton), Arizona,

Equus (genus) Equus is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within Equidae, ""Equus"" is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses. Like Equidae more broadly, ""Equus"" has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World. Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies), and long tails. All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers, with simpler

domesticated, and by 2000 BC, a sharp increase occurred in the number of horse bones found in human settlements in northwestern Europe, indicating the spread of domesticated horses throughout the continent. The most recent, but most irrefutable, evidence of domestication comes from sites where horse remains were buried with chariots in graves of the Sintashta and Petrovka cultures c. 2100 BC. Studies of variation in genetic material shows that very few wild stallions, possibly all from a single haplotype, contributed to the domestic horse, while many mares were part of early domesticated herds. Przewalski's horse has been conclusively shown not

Equidae
that genus now is regarded to be not a member of this family. The other species have been split off into different genera. These early Equidae were fox-sized animals with three toes on the hind feet, and four on the front feet. They were herbivorous browsers on relatively soft plants, and already adapted for running. The complexity of their brains suggest that they already were alert and intelligent animals. Later species reduced the number of toes, and developed teeth more suited for grinding up grasses and other tough plant food. The family became relatively diverse during the Miocene, with many

New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas and Florida, synonymizing ""Equus francisci"", ""Equus tau"", ""E. littoralis"", ""E. achates"", and ""E. barcenaei"" with ""E. conversidens"". However, Winans (1985) and MacFadden (1992) challenged the validity of ""E. conversidens"" due to its minimal diagnostic value, and treated ""E. francisci"" as valid. Subsequent study confirmed the ""nomen dubium"" status of ""E. conversidens"" because the holotype was undiagnostic besides its small size. Equus conversidens Equus conversidens (Owen 1869), or the Mexican horse, is a dubious Pleistocene species of horse, now extinct, that inhabited North America. The holotype of ""Equus conversidens"", a partial palate, was unearthed in Pleistocene deposits

Equijubus
Equijubus Equijubus (; ""Mǎzōng"" meaning ""horse mane"" after the area Mǎzōng Mountain 马鬃山 in which it was found), is a genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of northwestern China. The type (and only known) specimen was found in the summer of 2000 by a Chinese-American expedition in the Mazong (= ""horse mane"") Shan area of China's Gansu Province. In 2002 You Hialu in a dissertation named and described the species ""Equijubus normani"". The generic name is derived from Latin ""equus"", ""horse"", and ""juba"", ""mane"". The specific epithet ""normani"" is in honour of British palaeontologist David

"The Big Beat (film)"
celebrated singer Cindy Adams (Gogi Grant), has decided not to sign a contract with Randall Records. John admires his new office and young secretary, singer Nikki Collins (Andra Martin), who is impressed by his persistence in pitching a more up-to-date record label to his father. At the end of John's first day, Danny is, as usual, too busy working to take Cindy out to dinner, and so encourages John to take his place. John and Cindy go to a nightclub to see George Shearing & the Quintet perform, and there Cindy admits that she is eager to marry Danny, who

"And the Beat Goes On (film)"
Mistry, a British actor who grew up during the height of the rave scene in the United Kingdom decides to journey to the Balearic island of Ibiza and unravel the complex musical history of the island, and find if Ibiza's now spoiled reputation is deserved. Starting his journey in clubs such as Pacha and Amnesia, a chance meeting with Island resident and multi platinum producer Lenny Ibizarre ends with Jimi seeking out the island's spiritual flip side. Along the way, Jimi meets DJ Alfredo before re-uniting the four DJs credited with exporting the Balearic sound to England – Paul Oakenfold,

"Sam Mendes"
Emcee, Adam Godley as Cliff Bradshaw and Sara Kestelman as Frau Schneider. The production was approached with a fresh concept, differing greatly from both the original 1966 production directed by Harold Prince and the famed film version, directed by Bob Fosse. This production opened at the Donmar and received four Olivier Award nominations including Best Musical Revival, before transferring promptly to Broadway where it played for several years at the Kit Kat Club (i.e. the Stephen Sondheim Theater). The Broadway cast included Cumming once again as Emcee, with Natasha Richardson as Sally, Mary Louise Wilson as Frau Schneider and John

"Glenda Linscott"
Glenda Linscott Glenda Linscott (born 6 September 1958) is an Rhodesian-born English Australian actress and director, best known for her performance as tough bikie inmate and top dog Rita ""The Beater"" Connors in the television drama ""Prisoner"", for which she won a Penguin Award. Glenda was born in Rhodesia, before briefly immigrating to England, and finally to Adelaide, Australia, as a child. She later returned to Britain when she appeared in a stage play version of Prisoner. Guest roles include A Country Practice, All Saints and McLeod's Daughters. She also had a recurring role in the Australian drama, ""Murder Call""

"Poppy Meadow"
Athwal), and suspects he is cheating on her, and is further upset when she sees them together. However, Fatboy reveals that Chloe is his colleague and he has started working at McKlunkies again. Poppy is then made redundant when owner Sadie Young (Kate Magowan) decides to leave Walford after discovering that her husband Jake Stone (Jamie Lomas) has been having an affair with Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa), which causes Poppy to act cold towards Lauren. Poppy interferes in Dot's relationship with her son, Nick (John Altman), telling him that his mother does not want to speak to him. She then

Branning (Jo Joyner), who is hired by Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks) to do her hair and make up for her wedding. Poppy tells Janine and Tanya about her ""plush"" new lifestyle, but when she arrives home her living arrangements are far from glamorous, and there is an eviction notice on her front door. Poppy is subsequently evicted from her bedsit, but Fatboy (Ricky Norwood) offers her a place to stay, and Tanya offers Poppy a permanent job at the salon. Poppy then moves into Dot Cotton's (June Brown) house after being offered a room by Cora Cross (Ann Mitchell). Poppy

"Sophiya Haque"
houseboat when she fell ill. Around Christmas 2012, Haque was diagnosed with cancer. She developed a lung clot and pneumonia and in the early hours of 17 January 2013, she died in her sleep in a London hospital, while undergoing tests. Sophiya Haque Sophiya Haque (14 June 1971 – 17 January 2013) was an English actress, singer, video jockey and dancer. She is best known for playing the role of Poppy Morales in ""Coronation Street"" between 2008 and 2009. Haque was born Syeda Sophia Haque in Portsmouth, Hampshire to a Bangladeshi father and a British Jewish mother. She was the

utterly irrelevant"" and ""pointless"" scenes, which substituted for cut scenes of the dead baby's parents at the graveside. ""The Guardian"" critic Stuart Heritage considered Poppy to be ""perhaps the greatest television bit-part character of the modern age"" and several ""Daily Mirror"" writers gave Poppy positive reviews upon both of her returns. Poppy arrives in Walford as the best friend of Jodie Gold (Kylie Babbington), chatting in The Queen Victoria about their daily lives and current affairs. Jodie tries to arrange a date for Poppy with Tamwar Masood (Himesh Patel), until Tamwar's mother, Zainab (Nina Wadia), interferes with her plans. Poppy

"Rachel Bright"
Rachel Bright Rachel Bright is an English actress, best known for her role in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"" as Poppy Meadow. Bright graduated from the Birmingham School of Acting, part of Birmingham City University, in 2007 and has since been based in London. She has adopted various acting roles since then, from an open air puppetry play, a punk rock musical feature film ""Silly Billy"" for Jackson Films, to ""Cross Purpose"", a 1940s drama performed in the heart of London's fringe. She has appeared in short films ""Red Balloon"" and ""Sometimes the Moon Is Velvet"". She appears as 'Anna'

"Katy Carmichael"
she studied for a drama, film and television degree, at Bristol University with peers Simon Pegg, Jessica Hynes, Myfanwy Moore, and had a five-year relationship with the then-unknown drama student David Walliams. Her first professional acting role at the age of 18 was Connie in the Liverpool sitcom ""Bread,"" which she filmed during her university studies. Early in her career, she teamed up with lifelong friend, future ""Spaced"" star and writer Jessica Hynes, in a comedy double-act called ""The Liz Hurleys"". After leaving university, she began a TV career with the 1950s Liverpool drama ""And The Beat Goes On"" (1994),

"2018 Asian Games"
also connecting the airport with the light rail transit (LRT) terminal by building a skybridge. Other transportation facilities such as toll roads, flyovers, and bridges will be also built in and around the city. The opening ceremony started at 19:00 Western Indonesian Time (UTC+7) on Saturday, 18 August 2018. Wishnutama, CEO of Indonesian TV network NET. was the creative director for the ceremony. The ceremony stage showcased a towering 26 meter-high mountain with a waterfall as its background, accompanied by Indonesian plants and flowers. North and South Korea delegates marched together under one unified flag of Korea, which marked the

"2018 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony"
2018 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony The opening ceremony for the 2018 Commonwealth Games took place on the evening of Wednesday 4 April in the Carrara Stadium, Gold Coast. As mandated by the Commonwealth Games Charter, the proceedings of the ceremony combined the formal opening of the sporting event (including hoisting of the flags, parade of the athletes and welcome speeches) with an artistic performance to showcase the host nation's culture. The 2018 Games were formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales. Jack Morton Worldwide was given the contract to produce the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

"2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony"
2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics is scheduled to take place on the evening of Friday 24 July 2020 in the Olympic Stadium, Tokyo. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combined the formal ceremonial opening of this international sporting event (including welcoming speeches, hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation's culture and history. Ticket prices for the Opening Ceremony will range between ¥12,000 and ¥300,000. The Organising Committee prepared a so-called “Basic Policy”, that includes aspects to highlight the appeal

games and ceremony preparations. Capacity during the Olympic Games will be 60,102 taking into account press and executive seating areas. 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics is scheduled to take place on the evening of Friday 24 July 2020 in the Olympic Stadium, Tokyo. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combined the formal ceremonial opening of this international sporting event (including welcoming speeches, hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation's culture and history. Ticket prices for the Opening Ceremony will

"Waivers (NHL)"
Waivers (NHL) Waivers is a National Hockey League (NHL) labor management procedure by which an NHL team makes a professional ice hockey player's contract and rights available to all other NHL teams. Other NHL teams ""waive"" any claim to a player designated for assignment in the American Hockey League (AHL) or designated for release. The process is typically referred to as ""being placed on waivers."" In the NHL, each player signs what is, or is a variation of, a standard NHL player's contract. The contract specifies that the team has exclusive rights to the player playing in the NHL. Once

were eliminated in the 2013 CBA. Waivers (NHL) Waivers is a National Hockey League (NHL) labor management procedure by which an NHL team makes a professional ice hockey player's contract and rights available to all other NHL teams. Other NHL teams ""waive"" any claim to a player designated for assignment in the American Hockey League (AHL) or designated for release. The process is typically referred to as ""being placed on waivers."" In the NHL, each player signs what is, or is a variation of, a standard NHL player's contract. The contract specifies that the team has exclusive rights to the

The claims process starts at noon Eastern Time and ends 24 hours later. If only one team makes a claim for the player, then he will be transferred to the claiming team. If more than one team makes a claim, then the player will be transferred to the team having the lowest percentage of possible points in league standings at the time of the request for waivers. When a waiver claim has been secured, the claiming team must pay a transfer fee to the original club, though this fee is not counted against the salary cap. If waivers are requested

"NHL salary cap"
the 50-contract limit is not exceeded. On July 1 of a given year, the following players become unrestricted free agents, free to sign with any team without compensation to the former team. For purposes of the above, an accrued season is defined as a player having been on the team's active roster for 40 NHL games (30 in the case of a goaltender), including games missed where the player was injured. The current NHL collective bargaining agreement also had a Group 5 unrestricted free agency category, but when the age for unrestricted free agents dropped to age 28 after the

as grounds to suspend the player (""i.e."", not pay them). Note: Compensation is paid internally between clubs and is not applied to the salary cap. <nowiki>*</nowiki>All prices applicable to Players being Waived shall be in US dollars. The following players can be assigned to the AHL (or for players on an entry-level contract, the ECHL) as many times as a team wishes without needing to clear waivers, until they have reached the number of NHL games played as indicated in the table below. Also exempt from waivers to demote a player are players who are recalled from the AHL or

part of a traded player's salary to ease the cap burden on the acquiring team. Provisions on such retention are as follows: This provision is included in Article 11 of Summary of Terms the 2013 Collective Bargaining Agreement Memorandum of Understanding. There are several kinds of NHL free agency, but generally the free agent pool in the NHL is split into restricted and unrestricted free agents. All contract signings can be of up to seven years (eight if re-signing with their current club) as long as the averaged annual salary (plus bonuses) will fit under the team's salary cap, and

outside the playing season, or before November 1, then the player shall be transferred to the team with the lowest points in the preceding season. If no team places a claim, the player can be sent to a minor league affiliate. When a player clears waivers and is sent down and then is called up again, he does not have to clear waivers to be sent down again unless he has played ten games or has been ""up"" for 30 days. The 2005 NHL-NHLPA collective bargaining agreement (CBA) introduced ""re-entry waivers."" With limited exceptions, any player who was subject to

"Waivers (American football)"
Waivers (American football) Waivers are a National Football League (NFL) labor management procedure by which a team makes an American football player's contract or NFL rights (such as NFL draft rights to an unsigned player) available to all other teams. During the season (starting July 4 and lasting through the regular season), each team has 24 hours to file a claim for a player that another team has made available through the system or waive the right to do so. During the off season each team has several days to file such claims. Claiming teams are assigned the rights to

the waiver period is 48 hours. These waivers can only be requested during two periods: Salaries of players playing for an NHL team count against its salary cap, while the salaries of players playing for a team's minor league affiliates do not. NHL teams have waived players with high salaries, thereby freeing up salary cap space for other signings. In 2010, Wade Redden of the New York Rangers, Sheldon Souray of the Edmonton Oilers and Jeff Finger of the Toronto Maple Leafs were all assigned to their team's AHL affiliate without any other team putting in a claim. In a

a qualifying offer can also be traded, even if contract terms have not been agreed upon. All qualifying offers expire on July 15. The ""restricted"" part of Group 2 free agency comes into play with the concept of an offer sheet. An offer sheet is a contract that a new team can offer a restricted free agent. If an offer sheet is signed by the player, the originating team has the option of matching that offer, or receiving compensation from the team in the form of draft picks. For the current collective bargaining agreement, the draft picks owed for signing

"Fire control"
Fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire, reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oxygen, or heat (see fire triangle). The classification below relates to the United States of America. Different classifications exist in other countries. The most common method to control a class-A fire is to remove heat by spraying the burning solid fuels with water. Another method of controlling a class-A fire would be to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the

fire (i.e., ""smother"" the fire), such as by the introduction of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide. In a wildfire, fire control includes various wildland fire suppression techniques such as defensible space, widening the fuel ladder, and removing fuel in the fire's path with firebreaks and backfires to minimize the brush fire reaching new combustible fuel and spreading further. Some Class B fires (hydrocarbons, petroleums, and fuels on fire) cannot be efficiently controlled with water. Fuels with a specific gravity less than water, such as gasoline or oil, float on water, resulting in the fire continuing in the fuel

hot gases spread due to the expansion of the gases as a result of the combustion. Some fires can be partially controlled by venting these gases to the outside through manufactured heat vents in the structure's roof, or by the fire department cutting holes in the roof. Fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire, reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oxygen, or heat (see fire triangle). The classification below relates to the United States of America. Different classifications exist

on top of the water. The application of a combination of fire suppressant foam mixed with water is a common and effective method of forming a blanket on top of the liquid fuel which eliminates the oxygen needed for combustion.The configuration of some fuels, such as coal and baled waste paper, result in a deep seated and burrowing fire, resulting in less effective fire control by the application of water on the outer surfaces of the fuel. Some Class-B fires can be controlled with the application of chemical fire suppressants. Class-C fires involve electricity as a continuous power source for

Firefighting
vapor sky"", which prevents ""roll-over"" (rolls of flames on the ceiling created by hot burning gases). Only short pulses of water need to be sprayed, otherwise the spraying modifies the equilibrium, and the gases mix instead of remaining stratified: the hot gases (initially at the ceiling) move around the room, and the temperature rises at the ground, which is dangerous for firefighters. An alternative is to cool all the atmosphere by spraying the whole atmosphere as if drawing letters in the air (""penciling""). Modern methods for extinguishing an urban fire dictate the use of a massive initial water flow, e.g.

the ignition of the fuels associated with electrical equipment, such as plastic cable jackets. The application of water does not always result in effective fire control, and there is a general concern regarding conductivity and personnel safety. Class C fires can be effectively controlled by removing the oxygen. The removal of electricity as a continuous ignition source is important to eliminate re-ignition. Once the electricity is removed, the result is a Class A fire. Foam or dry chemical powder can be used to control fires involving shallow liquid spill Fires can spread through the interior of a structure as the

displaces the oxygen (the volume of water vapor is 1,700 times greater than liquid water, at it expands over 4,000 times). This leaves the fire without enough of the combustive agent, and it dies out. The vaporization of water also absorbs heat; it thereby cools the smoke, air, walls, and objects that could act as further fuel, and thus prevents one of the means by which fires grow, which is by ""jumping"" to nearby heat/fuel sources to start new fires, which then combine. Water extinguishment is thus a combination of ""asphyxia"" (cutting off the oxygen supply) and cooling. The flame

itself is suppressed by asphyxia, but the cooling is the most important element in mastering a fire in a closed area. Water may be accessed from a pressurized fire hydrant, pumped from water sources such as lakes or rivers, delivered by tanker truck, or dropped from water bombers, which are aircraft adapted as tankers for fighting forest fires. An armored vehicle (firefighting tank) may be used where access to the area is difficult. For outdoor fires, the seat of the fire is sprayed with a straight spray: the cooling effect immediately follows the ""asphyxia"" caused by vaporization and reduces the

in the absence of other extinguishing agents, covering the flame with a fire blanket can eliminate oxygen flow to the fire. A simple and usually effective way to put out a fire in a stove-top pan is to put a lid on the pan and leave it there. One of the main risks of a fire is the smoke; because, it carries heat and poisonous gases, and obscures vision. In the case of a fire in a closed location (building), the following two different strategies may be used: isolation of the fire or ventilation. Paul Grimwood introduced the concept of

"Ventilation (firefighting)"
Ventilation (firefighting) Ventilation is a part of structural firefighting tactics, and involves the expulsion of heat and smoke from a burning building, permitting the firefighters to more easily and safely find trapped individuals and attack the fire. If a large fire is not properly ventilated, not only will it be much harder to fight, but it could also build up enough poorly burned smoke to create a smoke explosion or enough heat to create a flashover. Contrarily, poorly placed or timed ventilation may increase the fire's air supply, causing it to grow and spread rapidly. The flashover may cause the

"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (season 1)"
brings in a playpen and puppy. Mrs. Carol Saunders also makes her first visit. At the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, King Friday still wants to protect his province, so he sends Handyman Negri to install punch clocks at both ends of it. After Mr. Rogers plays with them, Betty Aberlin takes some helium balloons to the Neighborhood of Make-Believe. Tagging them with a message of peace, she floats them above the castle. When King Friday reads the message, he ceases his efforts to stop change. To prepare for his scientific endeavour, Mr. Rogers puts on a lab coat and compares various

"The Bellflower Bunnies (season 1)"
a family of seven rabbits who live in the community of Beechwood Grove. The two adults, Papa Bramble and Aunt Zinnia, take care of their five children: Periwinkle, Poppy, Mistletoe, Dandelion and Violette. ""Room to Move"", the first episode in the official production order, deals with the family's move to their new house at Blueberry Hill. The first season has been broadcast on TF! Jeunesse, the children's service of TF1, as well as South Korea's Educational Broadcasting System (EBS), CBBC in the United Kingdom, and Germany's Kinderkanal (KI.KA) and ZDF among others. Since early 2003, it has been made available

come. Everyone travels from the Neighborhood of Make-Believe to the unseen home so that Donkey Hodie can get visitors all day long. Mr. Rogers brushes his teeth in the kitchen sink. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Mr. McFeely brings Donkey Hodie some mouthwash, while Sara Saturday returns to the Castle for a dance recital. King Friday and Handyman Negri take up a campaign against littering in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe. Lady Elaine is derided for throwing litter around as a protest. What she really has wanted is one of Chef Brockett's cookies. Major Smith gives King Friday a citation to

entertain themselves by any means. This is much to the chagrin of their boss Benson and their coworker, Skips, but to the delight of Pops. Their other coworkers, Muscle Man (an overweight green man) and High Five Ghost (a ghost with a hand extending from the top of his head), serve as rivals to Mordecai and Rigby. The show usually revolves around Mordecai and Rigby's attempts to avoid work and enjoy themselves. However, they often, at times, have to pay for their irresponsible actions, as they always get into more trouble than they thought. This typically results in Mordecai and

"Series 1, Episode 1 (Being Human)"
flotsam and jetsam of death. Maybe, if we still deserve such a thing as mercy, we find each other."""" The final scenes are of Mitchell and George, already friends, preparing to move into Annie's house. From inside, Annie watches them through the window. She smiles her first genuine, hopeful smile. Mitchell has trouble restraining his blood lust in the present and has to deal with its consequences in the past. Herrick, the local vampire king, is trying to cajole him back into the vampire fold, reasoning that Mitchell's legendary reputation will inspire other vampires. Herrick has also recruited the most

"Series 1, Episode 1 (Humans)"
Series 1, Episode 1 (Humans) ""Episode 1"" is the first episode of the first series of ""Humans"", a show based on ""Real Humans"" and co-produced by Channel 4 and AMC. It originally aired in the UK on 14 June 2015 and in the U.S. on 28 June 2015. In this episode, Joe buys a ""synth"" (synthetic human) for his family, to his wife's horror. Meanwhile, George cannot bear to abandon his outdated synth Odi. The episode was watched live by 5.47 million people in the UK and 1.73 million people in the U.S. It received mostly positive reviews. Joe Hawkins

books. The stories, full of tenderness, emotion and humour, develop in a magical world where everything is done to give the young viewer true moments of joy! Every event with our little heroes—so mischievous and affectionate—is a delight."" In the United States, Dove Foundation reviewer Linda Eagle praised the episodes as ""an adorable piece of animation"", and gave both Region 1 DVDs four stars out of five. This season, based entirely on books in the ""Beechwood Bunny Tales"" series, is about 92 minutes long. In each episode, the Bellflower children perform a song whose title does not appear in the

Lewin tells Mr. Rogers how puzzles are made. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Handyman Negri and Daniel organize their own play retitled as ""Benjamin Franklin and the Three Bears"" at the request of X. Mr. Rogers discusses Benjamin Franklin and reads about Franklin as a boy. The Neighborhood of Make-Believe expands their play into becoming ""Goldilocks, Benjamin Franklin, and the Three Bears"". Alder demonstrates how heat causes things to change. X prints signs to advertise the play. King Friday wants a part in it and the title is expanded to ""King Friday, Goldilocks, Benjamin Franklin and the three bears"". The

The show is rated TV-PG for rude language, mild sexual innuendo, and suggestive humor/themes, and occasionally TV-PG-V for mild to moderate violence, including comic slapstick, fantasy violence, scenes of peril and threat, nonlethal use of explosives, weapons, and firearms, and visual and verbal references to death and dying. Despite not airing on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim line-up, it is considered more of a traditional adult's animated comedy than a children's cartoon. Two 23-year-old friends, a blue jay named Mordecai and a raccoon named Rigby, are employed as groundskeepers at a park and spend their days trying to slack off and

"The Gifted (season 1)"
parents of the series is that they are human and their children are mutants, and while they may sympathize with the mutants around them, ""there's still a difference between them and the mutants and there's no getting around it"". They also have to balance trying to help the cause with protecting their family. Noting a growing trend in shorter, self-contained television seasons, Nix said in October 2017 that he wanted ""The Gifted"" to feel more like a traditional, long-running story and have each season end in a satisfying way that does not feel ""close-ended"". The season's fourth episode was designed

"Stem cell"
the embryo specializes as 'neurectoderm', which will become the future central nervous system. Later in development, neurulation causes the neurectoderm to form the neural tube. At the neural tube stage, the anterior portion undergoes encephalization to generate or 'pattern' the basic form of the brain. At this stage of development, the principal cell type of the CNS is considered a neural stem cell. These neural stem cells are pluripotent, as they can generate a large diversity of many different neuron types, each with unique gene expression, morphological, and functional characteristics. The process of generating neurons from stem cells is called

Brainstem
Brainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from

4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells. ESCs are pluripotent and give rise during development to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. In other words, they can develop into each of the more than 200 cell types of the adult body when given sufficient and necessary stimulation for a specific cell type. They do not contribute to the extra-embryonic membranes or the placenta. During embryonic development these inner cell mass cells continuously divide and become more specialized. For example, a portion of the ectoderm in the dorsal part of

Brainstem
oblongata to the cerebellum. The main supply of blood to the brainstem is provided by the basilar arteries and the vertebral arteries. The adult human brainstem emerges from two of the three primary vesicles formed of the neural tube. The mesencephalon is the second of the three primary vesicles, and does not further differentiate into a secondary vesicle. This will become the midbrain. The third primary vesicle, the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) will further differentiate into two secondary vesicles, the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The metencephalon will become the cerebellum and the pons. The more caudal myelencephalon will become the medulla. There

Tegmentum
eye movements, the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area"". The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve (CN) nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and IV are located in the tegmentum portion of the midbrain. The nuclei of CN V to VIII are located in the tegmentum at the level of the pons. The nuclei of CN IX, X, and XII are located in that of the medulla. In embryos, the tegmentum is the anterior half of the neural tube. However, for fetuses to adults, tegmentum refers only to the parts

"Stem (ship)"
the stem. Stem (ship) The stem is the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself. It is often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively. The stem is the curved edge stretching from the keel below, up to the gunwale of the boat. It is part of the physical structure of a wooden boat or ship that gives it strength at the critical section of the structure, bringing together the port and starboard side planks of the hull. There are two styles of stems: plumb and raked. When

Stem (ship) The stem is the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself. It is often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively. The stem is the curved edge stretching from the keel below, up to the gunwale of the boat. It is part of the physical structure of a wooden boat or ship that gives it strength at the critical section of the structure, bringing together the port and starboard side planks of the hull. There are two styles of stems: plumb and raked. When the stem

neurogenesis. One prominent example of a neural stem cell is the radial glial cell, so named because it has a distinctive bipolar morphology with highly elongated processes spanning the thickness of the neural tube wall, and because historically it shared some glial characteristics, most notably the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The radial glial cell is the primary neural stem cell of the developing vertebrate CNS, and its cell body resides in the ventricular zone, adjacent to the developing ventricular system. Neural stem cells are committed to the neuronal lineages (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), and thus their potency

Axon
the initial segment, the rest of the axon, and the axon telodendria, and axon terminals. It also includes the myelin sheath. The Nissl bodies that produce the neuronal proteins are absent in the axonal region. Proteins needed for the growth of the axon, and the removal of waste materials, need a framework for transport. This axonal transport is provided for in the axoplasm. The axon hillock is the area formed from the cell body of the neuron as it extends to become the axon. It precedes the initial segment. The received action potentials that are summed in the neuron are

Brainstem
two senior doctors so that imaging technology is unnecessary. The absence of the cough and gag reflexes, of the corneal reflex and the vestibulo–ocular reflex need to be established; the pupils of the eyes must be fixed and dilated; there must be an absence of motor response to stimulation and an absence of breathing marked by concentrations of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. All of these tests must be repeated after a certain time before death can be declared. Brainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the

"Ghostbusters II"
Stantz, Peter Venkman, and Winston Zeddemore—are sued for the property damage they caused, and barred from investigating the supernatural, forcing them out of business. Five years later, Ray owns an occult bookstore and works as an unpopular children's entertainer with Winston, Egon works in a laboratory conducting experiments into human emotion, and Peter hosts a pseudo-psychic television show. Peter's former girlfriend Dana Barrett has had a son, Oscar, with an ex-husband, and works at the ""Manhattan Museum of Art"". After an incident in which Oscar's baby carriage is controlled by an unseen force and drawn to a busy intersection, Dana

"The Fly II"
Veronica Quaife delivers Seth Brundle's child. After giving birth to a squirming larval sac, she dies from shock. The sac then splits open to reveal a seemingly normal baby boy. The child, named Martin Brundle, is raised by Anton Bartok, who is the owner of the company which financed Brundle's teleportation experiments and fully aware of the accident which genetically merged Seth Brundle with a housefly. Martin grows up in a clinical environment. His physical and mental maturity is highly accelerated, and he possesses a genius-level intellect, incredible reflexes, and no need for sleep. He knows he is aging faster

"Phobia 2"
by rebuilding severely damaged cars, many from fatal accidents, and sells them to the unsuspecting with a sweet smile and a hand shake. But little do these unsuspecting bargain hunters know that beneath the new upholstery and shiny repainted exteriors are cars with horrific pasts. One night after closing the car garage, Nuch discovers her son, Toey, is missing. She tries to look for her son in her compound and is spooked by the ghosts of accident victims, including a mutilated vendor, a boy stuck in a car wheel, and a woman with her belly cut open, revealing her dangling

"Stuart Little 2"
were working on in the city park. Stuart's father, Frederick, tries to encourage him, telling him that ""every cloud has a silver lining."" Later, an apparently injured canary named Margalo falls into Stuart's roadster on his way home from school. Stuart takes her home and introduces her to the Little family, where he invites Margalo to stay with them for a while, to which she accepts. However, Margalo is secretly assisting a peregrine falcon aptly named Falcon to steal valuables from households upon earning the homeowners' trust. Orphaned as a fledging, Margalo assists Falcon in exchange for a home, but

"FUBAR 2"
where he has been living out of his car. Terry welcomes Dean into his home for Christmas. On Christmas Eve, Dean's family arrives, showing him there are things worth living for, and he decides to forego committing suicide, however, Tron shows up at Terry's house, intent on fulfilling the pact. Tron attempts to smother Dean with a pillow, but Dean fights back and ends up in a scuffle with Tron, in which Tron soils himself. Dean's daughter Chaz is awakened by the whole ordeal, and walks into the living room finding Tron dressed in a red suit and a Santa

"Problem Child 2"
Big Ben Healy (Jack Warden) and his dog, Nippy, arrive to live with them after he loses all of his money in a bad investment. Ben's second date is with Emily (Martha Quinn), and Junior rewires the doorbell and she gets electrocuted. Ben is shocked at her appearance, and she falls face first onto the ground after Ben closes the door. Around the same time, LaWanda DuMore (Laraine Newman), the richest, snootiest, kid-hating woman in Mortville, takes an interest in Ben, much to Junior's chagrin. While Ben and Junior are gone for the day, she redecorates the house to impress

"Ape Escape 2"
to the rhythm, and Monkey Climber is a challenging game requiring players to navigate a monkey across vines. Completing the game unlocks a New Game+ mode in which players can play as the previous game's hero, Kakeru. The game takes place after the events in ""Ape Escape"", where Kakeru (Spike in the English versions) stopped Specter from taking over the world. It is a few years later, and the Professor left for a vacation leaving his granddaughter, Natsumi (Natalie in the U.S. version), and Spike's cousin, Hikaru (Jimmy in the U.S. version), to watch over the laboratory. The Professor has

"Baaghi 2"
bribed into playing along and Neha was being brain-washed so that she would appear insane, as the only person who knew about her daughter's existence. After hearing this Ronny and Shergill fight and the latter is shot by LSD. They successfully find and retrieve Rhea and it is revealed that Rhea is Ronny and Neha's daughter. Four years ago, Neha and Ronny met up again to formally end their relationship and got intimate. In the present day, Ronny remembers Neha telling him that Rhea is the most beautiful thing about their relationship. ""LSD"" tells Ronny that Shekhar confessed and revealed

Ben. Meanwhile, Ben and Junior go to a carnival where he's too short to get on a ride called the Crazy Dance. After being taunted by Trixie and Murph, Junior speeds up the ride causing everyone on it to puke. Junior, upon learning LaWanda has redecorated his room with a clown theme (which he despises), retaliates by ruining a dinner she makes by putting live cockroaches in it. Afterwards, she tells him that when she is his mother she will send him to boarding school in Baghdad. He tries to tell Ben this, but he refuses to believe him, saying

in a pizza restaurant, Ben, Annie, Junior, and Trixie dine together and have a good time, even after the food fight that the kids start with Igor and his girlfriend gets them thrown out and banned from the restaurant. Junior and Trixie apologize and decide their parents should date. He tries to stop the wedding by switching LaWanda's blood sample with that of a rabid dog. While celebrating her engagement to Ben, she gets cake icing on her face, which bears a striking resemblance to foaming at the mouth (a symptom of rabies). As a result, she is handcuffed by

From Russia with Love (film) From Russia with Love is a 1963 British spy film and the second in the ""James Bond"" film series produced by Eon Productions, as well as Sean Connery's second role as MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Terence Young, produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, and written by Richard Maibaum and Johanna Harwood, based on Ian Fleming's similarly named 1957 novel. In the film, Bond is sent to assist in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk Tatiana Romanova in Turkey, where SPECTRE plans to avenge Bond's killing of Dr. No. Following

British stage actress Barbara Jefford in the final cut. The scene in which Bond finds Tatiana in his hotel bed was used for Bianchi's screen test, with Dawson standing in, this time, as Bond. The scene later became the traditional screen test scene for prospective James Bond actors and Bond Girls. Greek actress Katina Paxinou was originally considered for the role of Rosa Klebb, but was unavailable. Terence Young cast Austrian singer Lotte Lenya after hearing one of her musical recordings. Young wanted Kronsteen's portrayer to be ""an actor with a remarkable face"", so the minor character would be well

the completed film. The album was the last of the Bond soundtrack albums to feature more than the usual six tracks per record side. The soundtrack album reached 28 on the ""Variety"" charts in March 1964 with the title song becoming Unart Music's most recorded song. Other cover versions of the ""James Bond Theme"" were also released to coincide with the film. Barry also released different cover versions of the title song and ""007"" on his Ember records for the pop charts. The Roland Shaw Orchestra performed cover versions of most of the music of Barry's soundtrack on several albums.

"Tyrann Mathieu"
Tyrann Mathieu Tyrann Devine Mathieu (; born May 13, 1992) is an American football safety for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU). In college, he developed a reputation for causing turnovers, setting a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record with 11 career forced fumbles and earning the nickname, ""Honey Badger"". In his sophomore season, he was recognized as a consensus All-American, won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in college football, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Mathieu was dismissed from the LSU football program

"Charlie Honaker"
Charlie Honaker Charles Franklin ""Honey"" Honaker (October 11, 1899 – April 21, 1974) was a professional American football player, who played in 5 games, in the early National Football League for the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1924. He was a member of the Bulldogs 1924 NFL Championship team. Prior to his professional career, he played at the college level for Virginia Military Institute and the Ohio State Buckeyes, where he lettered for the team in 1921, 1922 and 1923. In 1921, he was given the nickname ""Honey"" by the Buckeyes fans. According to an October 7, 1922 game program between Ohio

State and Ohio Wesleyan University, Honaker's hometown was Russell, Kentucky. Charlie Honaker Charles Franklin ""Honey"" Honaker (October 11, 1899 – April 21, 1974) was a professional American football player, who played in 5 games, in the early National Football League for the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1924. He was a member of the Bulldogs 1924 NFL Championship team. Prior to his professional career, he played at the college level for Virginia Military Institute and the Ohio State Buckeyes, where he lettered for the team in 1921, 1922 and 1923. In 1921, he was given the nickname ""Honey"" by the Buckeyes fans.

"Dewey Warren"
Dewey Warren Dewey Warren (born May 7, 1945) is a former American football quarterback for the University of Tennessee football team and the American Football League's Cincinnati Bengals. His nickname is ""Swamp Rat"". In three seasons with Warren as the starting quarterback of the Tennessee Volunteers, their record was 19-6. He was the first UT quarterback to pass for more than a 1,000 yards in a season. During his sophomore season, he led the Vols to a win against the Rose Bowl-bound UCLA Bruins and a berth in the Bluebonnet Bowl. Before Warren took over as quarterback, Tennessee's single-season records

"Trezelle Jenkins"
1999, Jenkins and his wife, Dora, opened a franchise of Chicago's Harold's Chicken Shack in Ferndale, Michigan on 8 Mile Road, made famous by Detroit rapper Eminem. Trezelle Jenkins Trezelle Samuel Jenkins (born March 13, 1973) is a former American football player. He played college football as an offensive tackle for the University of Michigan from 1991 to 1994. His nickname at U of M was ""house cat"" given to him by his teammates. After being drafted in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft, he played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Kansas City

"Tom Mitchell (American football)"
Tom Mitchell (American football) Thomas Gordon (""Tom"") Mitchell (August 22, 1944 – July 16, 2017) was a college and professional American football player. A 6'2"", . tight end from Bucknell University, Mitchell played one season (1966) for the American Football League's Oakland Raiders, and ten seasons (1968–1977) in the National Football League for the Baltimore Colts and the San Francisco 49ers. He was nicknamed ""The Crocodile"" and his pouring a pitcher of beer on the head of author George Plimpton is recounted in the book ""Mad Ducks and Bears"". He died of cancer at the age of 72 in 2017.

"Bernard Pollard"
hungry urban children. He also served as a spokesperson for the annual ""Hooked on Books"" campaign, sponsored by the Junior League of Kansas City, Missouri. Bernard Pollard Bernard Karmell Pollard (born December 23, 1984) is a former American football safety. He played college football at Purdue University, and was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Houston Texans, Baltimore Ravens and Tennessee Titans. Pollard was dubbed ""The Bonecrusher"" while at Purdue for his hard hits and tackles, and acquired the nickname ""Patriot-Killer"" as a professional, after

"Pepper Johnson"
Pepper Johnson Thomas ""Pepper"" Johnson (born July 29, 1964) is a former American football linebacker and NFL position coach. He played in the National Football League for 13 seasons, the first seven of which were for the New York Giants. He won two Super Bowls with the Giants before playing for the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions and New York Jets. After his playing career ended, Johnson began working as an assistant coach for the New England Patriots. In New England he was reunited with Bill Belichick, for whom Johnson played as a Giant and Brown. He spent 14 seasons with

"Charlie Batch"
Charlie Batch Charles D'Donte Batch (born December 5, 1974) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 1998 NFL Draft and played 15 seasons in the NFL, most of it as a backup with his hometown Pittsburgh Steelers, with whom he earned two Super Bowl rings (Super Bowl XL and Super Bowl XLIII). He played college football at Eastern Michigan. Batch currently works for KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh as a pre-game analyst for the Steelers as well as a color commentator for

Seaborgium
of any of the 118 known elements, lower only than bohrium (37.1 g/cm), meitnerium (37.4 g/cm) and hassium (41 g/cm), the three following elements in the periodic table. In comparison, the densest known element that has had its density measured, osmium, has a density of only 22.61 g/cm. This results from seaborgium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough seaborgium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. Seaborgium is the fourth member of the 6d series of transition metals and the heaviest member of group 6

Hassium
of osmium, the most dense measured element, at 22.61 g/cm. This results from hassium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough hassium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. Osmium is the densest element of the first 6 periods, and its heavier congener hassium is expected to be the densest element of the first 7 periods. The atomic radius of hassium is expected to be around 126 pm. Due to the relativistic stabilization of the 7s orbital and destabilization of the 6d orbital, the Hs ion

"Abundance of the chemical elements"
atomic number; oxygen has abundance rank 3, but atomic number 8. All others are substantially less common. The abundance of the lightest elements is well predicted by the standard cosmological model, since they were mostly produced shortly (i.e., within a few hundred seconds) after the Big Bang, in a process known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Heavier elements were mostly produced much later, inside of stars. Hydrogen and helium are estimated to make up roughly 74% and 24% of all baryonic matter in the universe respectively. Despite comprising only a very small fraction of the universe, the remaining ""heavy elements"" can

Lanthanum
(with the exceptions of the last two, ytterbium and lutetium, where the 4f shell is completely full). Furthermore, since the melting points of the trivalent lanthanides are related to the extent of hybridisation of the 6s, 5d, and 4f electrons, lanthanum has the second-lowest (after cerium) melting point among all the lanthanides: 920 °C. The lanthanides become harder as the series is traversed: as expected, lanthanum is a soft metal. Lanthanum has a relatively high resistivity of 615 nΩm at room temperature; in comparison, the value for the good conductor aluminium is only 26.50 nΩm. Lanthanum is the least volatile

Atom
(see below). The heaviest stable atom is lead-208, with a mass of . As even the most massive atoms are far too light to work with directly, chemists instead use the unit of moles. One mole of atoms of any element always has the same number of atoms (about ). This number was chosen so that if an element has an atomic mass of 1 u, a mole of atoms of that element has a mass close to one gram. Because of the definition of the unified atomic mass unit, each carbon-12 atom has an atomic mass of exactly 12

Flerovium
fast that it has a mass 1.79 times that of a stationary electron, due to relativistic effects. For comparison, the figures for hydrogen-like lead and tin are expected to be 1.25 and 1.073 respectively. Flerovium would form weaker metal–metal bonds than lead and would be adsorbed less on surfaces. Flerovium is the heaviest known member of group 14 in the periodic table, below lead, and is projected to be the second member of the 7p series of chemical elements. Nihonium and flerovium are expected to form a very short subperiod, coming between the filling of the 6d and 7p subshells.

Bohrium
It should be a very heavy metal with a density of around 37.1 g/cm, which would be the third-highest of any of the 118 known elements, lower than only meitnerium (37.4 g/cm) and hassium (41 g/cm), the two following elements in the periodic table. In comparison, the densest known element that has had its density measured, osmium, has a density of only 22.61 g/cm. This results from bohrium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough bohrium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. The atomic radius

"Atomic mass"
the heavy isotopes, with increasing atomic number. This corresponds to the fact that nuclear fission in an element heavier than zirconium produces energy, and fission in any element lighter than niobium requires energy. On the other hand, nuclear fusion of two atoms of an element lighter than scandium (except for helium) produces energy, whereas fusion in elements heavier than calcium requires energy. The fusion of two atoms of He-4 to give beryllium-8 would require energy, and the beryllium would quickly fall apart again. He-4 can fuse with tritium (H-3) or with He-3, and these processes occurred during Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

"Lighter than air"
flammable and its use as a lifting gas in dirigibles has decreased since the Hindenburg disaster. Helium is safer as a lifting gas because it is inert and does not undergo combustion. Nitrogen gas (density 1.251 g/L at STP, average atomic mass 28.00 g/mol) is about 3% lighter than air, insufficient for common use as a lifting gas. In 2002, aerogel held the Guinness World Record for the least dense (lightest) solid. Aerogel is mostly air because its structure is like that of a highly vacuous sponge. The lightness and low density is due primarily to the large proportion of

Hassium
to confirm the stabilizing nature of the Z=108 shell. Good evidence for the magicity of the Z=108 shell can nevertheless be found from the large differences in the alpha decay energies measured for Hs, Ds and Ds. More conclusive evidence would come from the determination of the decay energy for the unknown nucleus Ds. Various calculations show that hassium should be the heaviest known group 8 element, consistent with the periodic law. Its properties should generally match those expected for a heavier homologue of osmium, with a few deviations arising from relativistic effects. The previous members of group 8 have

"Jody Miller"
Jody Miller Jody Miller (born November 29, 1941) is an American country music singer. Born Myrna Joy Miller, in Phoenix, Arizona, she was raised in Blanchard, Oklahoma, the youngest of five sisters. Discovered by actor Dale Robertson, Miller began her career in the early 1960s as a folk/pop singer, singing in the Los Angeles area and appearing on Tom Paxton's television series. She released her first album on Capitol Records in 1964 and had a modest pop hit that year with ""He Walks Like a Man"". In 1965, she participated in the Sanremo Festival as a team companion of Pino

"Gary Morris"
Gallery. He returned to country music in the 1990s, performing in concerts and as a record producer. Morris hosted and also produced the Nashville network's ""The North American Sportsman."" Gary Morris Gary Gwyn Morris (born December 7, 1948) is an American singer and stage actor who charted a string of hits on the country music charts throughout the 1980s. Morris is known for the 1983 ballad ""The Wind Beneath My Wings"", although his credits include more than twenty-five other chart singles on the ""Billboard"" country charts, including five No. 1 hits. He has also released nine studio albums, mostly in

"Jerry Vale"
the television series ""The Sopranos"". In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to Vale. Jerry Vale Jerry Vale (born Genaro Louis Vitaliano; July 8, 1930 – May 18, 2014) was an American singer and actor. During the 1950s and 1960s, he reached the top of the pop charts with his interpretations of romantic ballads, including a cover of Eddy Arnold hit ""You Don't Know Me"" (1956) and ""Have You Looked into Your Heart"" (1964). Vale, who was of Italian descent, sang numerous songs in Italian, many of which were used in soundtracks

"Ronnie Bowman"
Kenny Chesney included on his album """". Besides Bowman, the Band of Ruhks includes two other former Lonesome River Band mates: Don Rigsby and Kenny Smith. Ralph Stanley provided vocals on the song ""Coal Minin' Man."" The band got their name from the ancient Persian word for a warrior’s chariot. Bowman frequently performs with Dan Tyminski, with whom he played in the Lonesome River Band. Bowman has been awarded the following IBMA awards: Ronnie Bowman Ronnie Bowman (born July 9, 1961) is an American singer and composer of bluegrass music. Besides his solo albums, he is known for his work

"My Dream Is Yours"
My Dream Is Yours My Dream Is Yours is a 1949 musical romantic comedy film starring Jack Carson, Doris Day, and Lee Bowman. The film opens in Los Angeles, where Doug Blake is dumped as a manager by Gary Mitchell. He goes to New York City to find a new singer to replace Gary on the ""Hour of Enchantment"" radio show. While in New York, he discovers Martha Gibson turning records in a jukebox factory. He takes her to Los Angeles and tries to introduce her to Felix Hofer. His efforts lead to a series of communication failures. Meanwhile, Martha

following songs, mostly lyricized by Ralph Blane and composed by Harry Warren: ""Someone like You"", not to be confused with the song of the same name by Adele, has been subsequently recorded by Ella Fitzgerald in 1949 and Peggy Lee. The film serves as a remake of ""Twenty Million Sweethearts"" (1934), in which the aspiring singer was male. The film ""Swing Hostess"" (1944) also had a similar plot, in which aspiring singer Judy Alvin (Martha Tilton) is spinning records in a jukebox factory, and her roommate and friend Marge (Irish Adrian) tries to help her start her career. Eve Arden

Andy Griffith, David L. Cook and Lulu Roman. Jody and her daughter Robin recorded and toured together for a period of time. Miller continues to perform live and sings her secular hits as well as her gospel material. Jody Miller Jody Miller (born November 29, 1941) is an American country music singer. Born Myrna Joy Miller, in Phoenix, Arizona, she was raised in Blanchard, Oklahoma, the youngest of five sisters. Discovered by actor Dale Robertson, Miller began her career in the early 1960s as a folk/pop singer, singing in the Los Angeles area and appearing on Tom Paxton's television series.

"Hank Cramer"
Hank Cramer Hank Cramer (born 1953) is an American folk singer from the Pacific Northwest. He was born an ""Army Brat"" at Fort Bragg, North Carolina where is father was one of the Army's original ""Green Berets"". Hank's father, Captain Harry G. Cramer, was killed in Vietnam on October 21, 1957, the first Special Forces soldier to die in that conflict. Hank Cramer began singing professionally during his college days at the University of Arizona (1972-1976). After graduation he was commissioned as an officer in the United States Army, serving 14 years in the Regulars and 14 years in the

"Christopher Cross"
be confused with the early 1970s English band) before signing a solo contract with Warner Bros. in 1978. Cross released his self-titled debut album, ""Christopher Cross"", in 1979. The ""Billboard"" Hot 100 top 20 hits from this album included ""Ride Like the Wind"" (featuring backing vocals by Michael McDonald), ""Sailing"", ""Never Be the Same"", and ""Say You'll Be Mine"" (featuring backing vocals by Nicolette Larson). Due to the almost immediate success and popularity gained by his first album, he was nominated for several Grammy Awards, garnering five. Cross is currently the only artist in Grammy history to win all four

Gary Morris Gary Gwyn Morris (born December 7, 1948) is an American singer and stage actor who charted a string of hits on the country music charts throughout the 1980s. Morris is known for the 1983 ballad ""The Wind Beneath My Wings"", although his credits include more than twenty-five other chart singles on the ""Billboard"" country charts, including five No. 1 hits. He has also released nine studio albums, mostly in the country pop vein, with his 1983 album ""Why Lady Why"" having earned a gold certification from the RIAA. Morris has two siblings, a twin sister (Carey) and younger

Championship Game (1/2). Jacksonville lost to UCLA in the National Championship, with New Mexico State defeating St. Bonaventure for third place. Below is a table that shows the performance of mid-major teams from the Sweet Sixteen round to the National Championship Game from 1939—the tournament's first year—to 2018. This table shows mid-major teams that saw success in the tournament from now-defunct conferences or were independents. The Metro Conference, which operated from 1975 to 1995, is not listed here because it was considered a major basketball conference throughout its history. Most notably, Louisville, which was a member for the league's entire

as of 2018. However, there was much less of a division between ""major"" and ""mid-major"" conferences in 1962, and the MVC was often seen in that day as a major basketball conference. The last time the Final Four was composed, as of 2018, of at least 75% of mid-major teams (3/4), i.e. excluding all present-day major conferences or their predecessors, was 1979, where Indiana State, then as now of the Missouri Valley Conference (which had lost several of its most prominent programs, among them Cincinnati, earlier in the decade); Penn, then as now in the Ivy League; and DePaul, then

added per the decision of the Selection Committee. (""See:"" First Four, below.) The committee is charged with making each of the four regions as close as possible in overall quality of teams from wherever they come from. The names of the regions vary from year to year, and are broadly geographic (such as ""West"", ""South"", ""East"", and ""Midwest""). From 1957 to 1984, the ""Mideast"", roughly corresponding to the Southeastern region of the United States, designation was used. From 1985 to 1998, the Mideast region was known as ""Southeast"" and again changed to ""South"" starting from 1999. The selected names roughly

West and since 2011 has been a member of the MW; the Big West was not then considered a power conference, nor is the MW today. However, during the tenure of UNLV's coach at the time, Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels were widely viewed as a major program despite their conference affiliation (a situation similar to that of Gonzaga in the 2010s). The last time, as of 2018, an independent mid-major team won the National Championship was 1977 when Marquette won with a 67-59 win over North Carolina. However, at the time, a significant minority of NCAA Division I schools

an independent, participated in the Final Four, only to see Indiana State lose to Michigan State. The last time, as of 2018, the Final Four has been composed of at least 50% of mid-major teams (2/4) was 2011, when VCU, then of the Colonial Athletic Association, and Butler, then of the Horizon League, participated in the Final Four, only to see Butler lose to Connecticut. The two most recent Final Fours have involved a single ""mid-major"" team by the definition used here—the 2017 and 2018 tournaments, in which Gonzaga and Loyola–Chicago were respectively involved (although Gonzaga is arguably not a

"John Michael Graham"
and received a rave review from The Orlando Sentinel. Quote: ""The clever script...plays like a sketch from the old ""Carol Burnett Show"" in which Harvey Korman and Tim Conway just happen to be playing women."" John Michael Graham John Michael Graham is an actor known for his role in the 1978 classic John Carpenter horror movie ""Halloween"" as Bob Simms, the boyfriend of P.J. Soles's character. Graham also appeared as an extra in the film ""Grease"" and several commercials in the 1970s, including Dr. Pepper. Graham has worked for Disney since 1989. In 2001, Graham wrote, produced and acted in

John Michael Graham John Michael Graham is an actor known for his role in the 1978 classic John Carpenter horror movie ""Halloween"" as Bob Simms, the boyfriend of P.J. Soles's character. Graham also appeared as an extra in the film ""Grease"" and several commercials in the 1970s, including Dr. Pepper. Graham has worked for Disney since 1989. In 2001, Graham wrote, produced and acted in the well received cult play ""Murder's a Drag!"". A kitschy homage to Hollywood film noir and ""women's pictures"" of the 1940s and 1950s. It was remounted in 2011, in Orlando, FL, with the original cast

"Grease (film)"
Grease (film) Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on the 1971 musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Written by Bronte Woodard and directed by Randal Kleiser in his theatrical feature film debut, the film depicts the lives of greaser Danny Zuko and Australian transfer student Sandy Olsson who develop an attraction for each other. The film stars John Travolta as Danny, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy, and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, a member of the Pink Ladies. Released on June 16, 1978, ""Grease"" was successful both critically and commercially. Its ended

"Eddie Deezen"
Eddie Deezen Edward Harry ""Eddie"" Deezen (born March 6, 1957) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for his bit parts as nerd characters in 1970s and 1980s films such as ""Grease"", ""Grease 2"", ""Midnight Madness"", ""I Wanna Hold Your Hand"", ""1941"" and ""WarGames"", as well as for larger and starring roles in a number of independent cult films, including ""Surf II: The End of the Trilogy"", ""Mob Boss"", ""Beverly Hills Vamp"" and ""Teenage Exorcist"". As a voice actor, he is easily recognizable for his distinctively high-pitched and nasal voice, most notably used for the characters of

"Jeff Conaway"
Jeff Conaway Jeffrey Charles William Michael Conaway (October 5, 1950 – May 27, 2011) was an American actor and singer known for playing Kenickie in the movie ""Grease"" and for his roles in two American television series, ""Taxi"" and ""Babylon 5"". Conaway was also featured in the first and second seasons of the reality television series ""Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew"". Conaway was born in Manhattan and raised in the Astoria, Flushing, and Forest Hills neighborhoods of Queens, New York. His father, Charles, was an actor, producer and publisher. His mother, Helen, an actress who went by the stage name

"Bernie Kopell"
Bernie Kopell Bernard Morton Kopell (born June 21, 1933) is an American character actor known for his roles as Siegfried in ""Get Smart"" from 1966 to 1969 and as Dr. Adam Bricker (""Doc"") in ABC's ""The Love Boat"" from 1977 to 1986. Kopell was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the son of Pauline (née Taran) and Al Bernard Kopell. Kopell is Jewish. For a time, he served in the United States Navy. He served on board the as a librarian. Kopell's longest-running role was as Dr. Adam Bricker on ""The Love Boat"", an Aaron Spelling production.

Cody"". Bernie Kopell Bernard Morton Kopell (born June 21, 1933) is an American character actor known for his roles as Siegfried in ""Get Smart"" from 1966 to 1969 and as Dr. Adam Bricker (""Doc"") in ABC's ""The Love Boat"" from 1977 to 1986. Kopell was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the son of Pauline (née Taran) and Al Bernard Kopell. Kopell is Jewish. For a time, he served in the United States Navy. He served on board the as a librarian. Kopell's longest-running role was as Dr. Adam Bricker on ""The Love Boat"", an Aaron Spelling

"Merlin Santana"
Merlin Santana Merlin Santana (March 14, 1976November 9, 2002) was an American actor. Santana was best known for his roles as Rudy Huxtable's boyfriend Stanley on ""The Cosby Show"", Marcus Dixon on ""Getting By"", Marcus Henry in ""Under One Roof"" and as high school student Romeo Santana on The WB sitcom ""The Steve Harvey Show"". Born in New York City to parents from the Dominican Republic, Santana's career in show business began with a push from his parents, who wanted to keep him off the tough streets of New York. He began his career at the age of three as

"Richard Dimitri"
Richard Dimitri Richard Dimitri (born June 27, 1942) is an American character actor and comedian principally known for his roles as the twin characters of Bertram and Renaldo in the 1975 Mel Brooks-produced television show ""When Things Were Rotten"" and Roman Troy Moronie in the 1984 movie ""Johnny Dangerously"". He also had supporting roles in the 1977 movie ""The World's Greatest Lover"" with Gene Wilder and Carol Kane and the 1989 movie ""Let It Ride"" with Richard Dreyfuss, as well as numerous appearances television shows like the 1970s-era ""Hawaii Five-O"", the 1977 miniseries ""Seventh Avenue"", and the late 1990s Tracey

aired, using components from both the 1978 movie and the original Broadway show. Starring Julianne Hough, Aaron Tveit, and Vanessa Hudgens, the adaptation received positive reviews and ten Emmy nominations. Grease (film) Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on the 1971 musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Written by Bronte Woodard and directed by Randal Kleiser in his theatrical feature film debut, the film depicts the lives of greaser Danny Zuko and Australian transfer student Sandy Olsson who develop an attraction for each other. The film stars John Travolta as Danny,

"Christopher Lloyd"
the lawyer on ""Scrubs"". Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in ""One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series ""Taxi"" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett ""Doc"" Brown in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy, Judge Doom in ""Who Framed

Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in ""One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series ""Taxi"" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett ""Doc"" Brown in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy, Judge Doom in ""Who Framed Roger Rabbit"" (1988), and

portrayal of Marty McFly to be very personal. ""All I did in high school was skateboard, chase girls and play in bands. I even dreamed of becoming a rock star."" Christopher Lloyd was cast as Doc Brown after the first choice, John Lithgow, became unavailable. Having worked with Lloyd on ""The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai"" (1984), producer Neil Canton suggested him for the part. Lloyd originally turned down the role, but changed his mind after reading the script and at the persistence of his wife. He improvised some of his scenes, taking inspiration from Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski.

"Back to the Future (TV series)"
closed each episode while Dan Castellaneta provided the animated Doc Brown's voice. James Tolkan was also featured as a guest voice in one episode, however he returned only to voice a completely different character as opposed to his Principal Strickland character from the films. In addition, Bill Nye appeared as Dr. Brown's Lab Assistant during the live-action segments at the end of each episode performing scientific experiments related to the episode. Nye also serves as the show's technical advisor. These segments later led to Nye getting his own show. Although the show no longer airs on television, nine VHS cassettes

"Eric Stoltz"
the movie and his television sitcom ""Family Ties"". The director, Robert Zemeckis, said that while Stoltz provided an admirable performance, it lacked the precise comedic sense that Zemeckis was seeking. Some of the original footage, where Stoltz does not appear but was on set, was used in the film. Stoltz playing the character was referenced in the 2010 episode of ""Fringe"" titled ""Peter"" when, in a parallel universe, a theater marquee reads """"Back to the Future"" starring Eric Stoltz"". In 1985, Stoltz garnered attention with a Golden Globe nomination starring as Rocky Dennis in ""Mask"". Among other roles in the

"Michael J. Fox"
Michael J. Fox Michael Andrew Fox (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American actor, author, and film producer with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s. He starred in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy where he portrayed Marty McFly. Other notable roles have included Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom ""Spin City"" (1996–2000) and his portrayal of Alex P. Keaton on the American sitcom ""Family Ties"". He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's

"Emmett Brown"
Emmett Brown Emmett Lathrop ""Doc"" Brown, Ph.D., is a fictional character in the ""Back to the Future trilogy"" in which he is the inventor of the first time machine, built out of a DeLorean sports car. The character is portrayed by Christopher Lloyd in all three films, as well as in the live action sequences of the . He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series. The character's appearance and mannerisms are loosely inspired by Leopold Stokowski and Albert Einstein. In 2008, Dr. Emmett Brown was selected by ""Empire"" magazine as one of ""The 100 Greatest Movie Characters

Brown pronounces gigawatts as ""jigawatts"", which was the way a physicist said the word when he met with Zemeckis and Gale as they researched the script, rather than with an initial hard ""g"", although both pronunciations are acceptable. Doc Brown's notable hunch came about because at Lloyd was considerably taller than Fox at , and they needed to look closer in height. Crispin Glover played George McFly. Zemeckis said Glover improvised much of George's nerdy mannerisms, such as his shaky hands. The director joked he was ""endlessly throwing a net over Crispin because he was completely off about fifty percent

the help of Nike via two auctions, one in Hong Kong and the other in London. Michael J. Fox Michael Andrew Fox (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American actor, author, and film producer with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s. He starred in the ""Back to the Future"" trilogy where he portrayed Marty McFly. Other notable roles have included Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom ""Spin City"" (1996–2000) and his portrayal of Alex P. Keaton on the American sitcom ""Family Ties"". He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden

"Come Fly with Me (film)"
Bergstrom, (Lois Nettleton) gets noticed by a multi-millionaire widower from Texas named Walter Lucas (Karl Malden). Henry Levin was signed to direct in April 1962. The movie was also known in production as ""Champagne Flight"", ""The Friendliest Girls in the World"" and ""Girl on a Wing"". The film was shot in Panavision and Metrocolor, during 1962, in New York City, Paris and Versailles, Vienna and the Woerther See with studio interiors shot at MGM British Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, England. The shoot took 12 weeks. It filmed at the same time as ""Follow the Boys"". It premiered in the United States

"Come Away with Me"
Come Away with Me Come Away with Me is the debut studio album by American recording artist Norah Jones, released on February 26, 2002 by Blue Note Records. Recording sessions took place at Sorcerer Sound Studio in New York City and Allaire Studios in Shokan, New York. ""Come Away with Me"" peaked at number one on the US ""Billboard"" 200, and received Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album. It was later certified diamond by the RIAA on February 15, 2005 for shipments of over ten million copies in the United States, and has sold

"Fly Away with Me"
Fly Away with Me ""Fly Away With Me"" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Sy Smith. It was written by Sy Smith and Kay of the Foundation, and produced by Ty Macklin for Smith's third studio album, ""Conflict"". Following the less successful chart performances of buzz single ""Reach Down In Your Soul"", the record was released as the album's first official single during the first quarter of 2008 (see 2008 in music) in North America. ""Fly Away With Me"" is a slow-tempo composition featuring R&B production and soul elements. While most of the tracks featured on Conflict are mid-tempo,

"Come Home with Me"
Come Home with Me Come Home with Me is the third studio album by Harlem rapper Cam'ron, it is also his debut on Roc-A-Fella Records. The album was released on May 14, 2002, by Roc-A-Fella Records, Diplomat Records and Def Jam Recordings. It served as an introduction of the Cam'ron-fronted rap group, The Diplomats, to the general public. There are featured guest appearances from The Diplomats, DJ Kay Slay, Daz Dillinger, Tiffany, Jay-Z, McGruff, Memphis Bleek, and Beanie Sigel. To date, it is his most commercially successful album, it peaked at number 2 on the ""Billboard"" 200 with first-week sales

"Come Fly with Me (1957 song)"
Come Fly with Me (1957 song) ""Come Fly with Me"" is a 1957 popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics by Sammy Cahn. ""Come Fly with Me"" was written for Frank Sinatra, and was the title track of his 1958 album of the same name. The song sets the tone for the rest of the album, describing adventures in exotic locales, in Bombay, Peru and Acapulco Bay respectively. It subsequently became part of Sinatra's concert repertoire, and would feature in numerous performances. The song is featured prominently in the 1963 feature film ""Come Fly with Me"" sung by

emotional center they otherwise lack."" Come Home with Me Come Home with Me is the third studio album by Harlem rapper Cam'ron, it is also his debut on Roc-A-Fella Records. The album was released on May 14, 2002, by Roc-A-Fella Records, Diplomat Records and Def Jam Recordings. It served as an introduction of the Cam'ron-fronted rap group, The Diplomats, to the general public. There are featured guest appearances from The Diplomats, DJ Kay Slay, Daz Dillinger, Tiffany, Jay-Z, McGruff, Memphis Bleek, and Beanie Sigel. To date, it is his most commercially successful album, it peaked at number 2 on the

on 27 March 1963. Glemsser wrote a follow-up novel in 1972, ""The Super-Jet Girls"". It was not made into a film however. ""Variety"" wrote upon the film's release, ""Sometimes one performance can save a picture and in ""Come Fly with Me"" it's an engaging and infectious one by Pamela Tiffin. The production has other things going for it like an attractive cast, slick pictorial values and smart, stylish direction by Henry Levin, but at the base of all this sheer sheen lies a frail, frivolous and featherweight storyline that, in trying to take itself too seriously, flies into dramatic air

Frankie Avalon. The song was also used as the theme tune to the 1998 television series Airline and it also appears in numerous films, including ""Raging Bull"" (1980), ""Dear Mr. Wonderful"" (1982), ""Betsy's Wedding"" (1990), ""Air America"" (1990), ""Vegas Vacation"" (1997), ""Little Voice"" (1998), ""Heartbreakers"" (2001), ""Catch Me If You Can"" (2002), and ""Two Weeks Notice"" 2001, """" (2003), and ""PanAm"" (2011), and in two television bio-pics about Sinatra; the 1992 mini-series ""Sinatra"" and 1997's ""The Rat Pack"". Come Fly with Me (1957 song) ""Come Fly with Me"" is a 1957 popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics

"Jefferson Airplane"
for appearances at the Berkeley Folk Festival and at the Monterey Jazz Festival. The group's debut LP ""Jefferson Airplane Takes Off"" was released in September 1966. The folk-music-influenced album included John D. Loudermilk's ""Tobacco Road"" and Dino Valente's ""Let's Get Together"", as well as original ballads ""It's No Secret"" and ""Come Up the Years"". Despite the fact that the group had neither performed outside the Bay Area nor appeared on TV, the album garnered considerable attention in the United States and sold well enough to earn a gold record award. RCA initially pressed only 15,000 copies, but it sold more

"Come Fly Away"
Come Fly Away Come Fly Away is a dance revue conceived, directed and choreographed by Twyla Tharp, around the songs of Frank Sinatra. The musical, set in a New York City nightclub, follows four couples as they look for love. It premiered on Broadway in March 2010 after tryouts in Atlanta and has received mostly warm reviews. ""Come Fly Away"", originally titled ""Come Fly with Me"", ran at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, in September 2009. It started Broadway previews at the Marquis Theatre on March 1, 2010, and opened on March 25. The cast included Keith Roberts, John Selya, Ashley

"Charles River Dam Bridge"
out of roads to the center of Cambridge (now Cambridge Street, running to Harvard Square) and Somerville/Medford (Bridge Street, now Monsignor O'Brien Highway/Massachusetts Route 28). Craigie and associates, who formed the Lechemere Point Corporation, benefited from the building boom that followed, spurred on by their efforts to expand the public street grid. Residential cross streets were constructed and some were named after investors (Otis, Thorndike, and Gore). The bridge was sold to the Hancock Free Bridge Corporation in 1846, and became toll-free on January 30, 1858. The current bridge was constructed in 1910, along with the dam that turned the

Charles River Dam Bridge The Charles River Dam Bridge, officially the Craigie Bridge, also called Craigie's Bridge or the Canal Bridge, is a six-lane bascule bridge across the Charles River, connecting Leverett Circle in downtown Boston, to Monsignor O'Brien Highway in East Cambridge, Massachusetts. The bridge, maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR, formerly the MDC), carries Route 28 next to the Green Line's Lechmere Viaduct. The bridge is fully within Boston, with the city line to the north, at the center of the original river. The Museum of Science is located on the dam and nearby

"Charles Bridge"
between Prague Castle and the city's Old Town and adjacent areas. This ""solid-land"" connection made Prague important as a trade route between Eastern and Western Europe. The bridge is long and nearly wide, following the example of the Stone Bridge in Regensburg, it was built as a bow bridge with 16 arches shielded by ice guards. It is protected by three bridge towers, two on the Lesser Quarter side (including the Malá Strana Bridge Tower) and one on the Old Town side, the Old Town Bridge Tower. The bridge is decorated by a continuous alley of 30 statues and statuaries,

to Middlesex Village in East Chelmsford Massachusetts; later p/o Lowell. As an investment, businessman Andrew Craigie purchased the largely undeveloped farmland on the Cambridge side around Lechmere Point from various owners (including Mary Lechmere and heirs) in preparation for building the bridge. The investors incorporated in 1807 with a charter to build a bridge from Leverett Street in the West End, Boston to the eastern end of Lechmere Point. One-third of shares were owned by the Middlesex Canal Corporation. The bridge opened in 1809, and came to be known as Craigie's Bridge. The construction of the bridge prompted the laying

Charles Bridge Charles Bridge ( ) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic. Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV, and finished in the beginning of the 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge (""Kamenný most"") or Prague Bridge (""Pražský most"") but has been ""Charles Bridge"" since 1870. As the only means of crossing the river Vltava (Moldau) until 1841, Charles Bridge was the most important connection

"Charlestown Bridge"
Charlestown Bridge The Charlestown Bridge (also called the North Washington Street Bridge) is located in Boston and spans the Charles River. As the river's easternmost crossing, the bridge connects the neighborhoods of Charlestown and the North End. Completed in 1900, the bridge carries a portion of the Freedom Trail linking to the USS Constitution and Bunker Hill. To the north, the Charlestown bridge connects to Rutherford Avenue; to the south it connects with North Washington Street. (the renovation of the bridge started in September 2018 and will last until 2022, there has been discussion of changing the name of the

of the statues have been systematically replaced by replicas, and the originals have been exhibited in the Lapidarium of the National Museum. Charles Bridge Charles Bridge ( ) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic. Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV, and finished in the beginning of the 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge (""Kamenný most"") or Prague Bridge (""Pražský most"") but has been ""Charles

pillars. During a great flood in 1784, five pillars were severely damaged and, although the arches did not break down, the traffic on the bridge had to be greatly restricted for some time. The original stairway to Kampa Island was replaced by a new one in 1844. The next year, another great flood threatened the bridge, but the bridge escaped major damage. In 1848, during the revolutionary days, the bridge escaped unharmed from the cannonade, but some of the statues were damaged. In 1866, pseudo-gothic gas lights were erected on the balustrade; they were later replaced with electric lighting. In

"Charles River Bridge (Commuter Rail)"
Charles River Bridge (Commuter Rail) The Charles River Bridge is a pair of railroad single-leaf, through-truss, rolling bascule bridges across the Charles River that connects North Station in Boston, Massachusetts to MBTA Commuter Rail lines in northern Massachusetts, United States. Although rail bridges across the Charles River near the present location of North Station have existed since the Boston and Lowell Railroad opened in 1835, the current bridges date from 1931, when the navigable channel of the Charles River was shifted 300 feet to the north of its former route to allow the platforms at North Station to be extended

bridge. Most sculptures were erected between 1683 and 1714. They depict various saints and patron saints venerated at that time. The most prominent Bohemian sculptors of the time took part in decorating the bridge, such as Matthias Braun, Jan Brokoff, and his sons Michael Joseph and Ferdinand Maxmilian. Among the most notable sculptures, one can find the statuaries of St. Luthgard, the Holy Crucifix and Calvary, and John of Nepomuk. Well known also is the statue of the knight Bruncvík, although it was erected some 200 years later and does not belong to the main avenue. Beginning in 1965, all

"Alexander Hamilton"
has been depicted on more denominations of U.S. currency than anyone else. He has appeared on the , , , , , and notes. Hamilton also appears on the $500 Series EE Savings Bond. Hamilton's portrait has been featured on the front of the U.S. $10 bill since 1928. The source of the engraving is John Trumbull's 1805 portrait of Hamilton, in the portrait collection of New York City Hall. In June 2015, the U.S. Treasury announced a decision to replace the engraving of Hamilton with that of a woman. Before the bill was actually redesigned, the decision was changed

"United States ten-dollar bill"
Trumbull's 1805 painting of Hamilton that belongs to the portrait collection of New York City Hall. The $10 bill is unique in that it is the only denomination in circulation in which the portrait faces to the left. It also features one of two non-presidents on currently issued U.S. bills, the other being Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill. Hamilton is also the only person not born in the continental United States or British America (he was from the West Indies) currently depicted on U.S. paper currency; three others have been depicted in the past: Albert Gallatin, Switzerland ($500 1862/63

"Demand Note"
Philadelphia have the location written out in full. The reverse of the $5 note contains a small numeral 5 inside of a small oval that is repeated numerous times; this design element surrounded the main design elements of the reverse of the note. Ten dollar Demand Notes feature a portrait of Abraham Lincoln at left and an allegorical figure representing art to the right. In the top center of the note is a vignette of a bald eagle perched on olive branches with a ribbon stating . Next to the bald eagle is a heraldic stars and stripes shield. Both

[[Andrew Jackson]] would now appear on the reverse with the [[White House]]. The design for the reverse of the new $10 bill was set to feature the heroines of the [[Women's suffrage in the United States|Women's Suffrage Movement]] in the United States, including [[Susan B. Anthony]], [[Alice Paul]], [[Sojourner Truth]], [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], [[Lucretia Mott]], and the participants of the 1913 [[Woman Suffrage Procession]] who marched in Washington D.C. in favor of full voting rights for American women. On August 31, 2017, Treasury Secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said that he would not commit to putting Tubman on the twenty-dollar bill, explaining

"Edwin Stanton"
or ""coin notes"" and are widely collected today. These rare notes are considered by many to be among the finest examples of detailed engraving ever to appear on banknotes. The $1 Stanton ""fancyback"" note of 1890, with an estimated 900–1,300 in existence relative to the millions printed, ranks as number 83 in the ""100 Greatest American Currency Notes"" compiled by Bowers and Sundman (2006). Stanton also appears on the fourth issue of Fractional currency, in the amount of 50 cents. Stanton Park, four blocks from the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., is named for him, as is Stanton College

"United States five-dollar bill"
Have a Dream speech and the 1939 concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. ""( 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)"" ""(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)"" United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a ""fin"". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the

"Benjamin Franklin"
of the nation has led to his being jocularly called ""the only President of the United States who was never President of the United States."" Franklin's likeness is ubiquitous. Since 1928, it has adorned American $100 bills, which are sometimes referred to in slang as ""Benjamins"" or ""Franklins."" From 1948 to 1963, Franklin's portrait was on the half dollar. He has appeared on a $50 bill and on several varieties of the $100 bill from 1914 and 1918. Franklin appears on the $1,000 Series EE Savings bond. Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) and Benjamin Franklin Bridge (the first

United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a ""fin"". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the English ""five"", but it is far less common today than it was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing says the average life of a

"New Rochelle Centennial Half-Dollar"
by a man in elegant dress who is presumed to be John Pell. Arranged in arcs around the periphery and separated by asterisks are the legends ""NEW•ROCHELLE•NEW•YORK"" and ""SETTLED• 1688•INCORPORATED•1899"". The artist’s initials ""GKL"" appear to the right of the calf’s forelegs. The design is historically significant for it was Pell, the Lord of Pelham Manor, who sold 6,000 acres of land to French Huguenot settlers for New Rochelle in 1688. One of the conditions was that Jacob Leisler, the man commissioned to handle the transaction for the settlers, would give to Pell and his heirs ""one fatte calfe"" on

Leviathan
Leviathan Leviathan (; ) is a creature with the form of a sea monster from Jewish belief, referenced in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Job, Psalms, the Book of Isaiah, and the Book of Amos. The Leviathan of the Book of Job is a reflection of the older Canaanite ""Lotan"", a primeval monster defeated by the god Hadad. Parallels to the role of Mesopotamian Tiamat defeated by Marduk have long been drawn in comparative mythology, as have been wider comparisons to dragon and world serpent narratives such as Indra slaying Vrtra or Thor slaying Jörmungandr, but Leviathan already

Leviathan
figures in the Hebrew Bible as a metaphor for a powerful enemy, notably Babylon (Isaiah 27:1), and some scholars have pragmatically interpreted it as referring to large aquatic creatures, such as the crocodile. The word later came to be used as a term for ""great whale"" as well as of sea monsters in general. The name is a derivation from the root ""lvh"" ""to twine; to join"", with an adjectival suffix , with a literal meaning of ""wreathed, twisted in folds"". Both the name and the mythological figure are a direct continuation of the Ugaritic sea monster ""Lôtān"", one of

Leviathan
of west, listing it as one of the Four Crown Princes of Hell. This association was inspired by the demonic hierarchy from ""The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abra-Melin the Mage"". The Church of Satan uses the Hebrew letters at each of the points of the Sigil of Baphomet to represent Leviathan. Starting from the lowest point of the pentagram, and reading counter-clockwise, the word reads ""לויתן"": Hebrew for ""Leviathan"". Leviathan Leviathan (; ) is a creature with the form of a sea monster from Jewish belief, referenced in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Job, Psalms, the

Leviathan
was held that God originally produced a male and a female leviathan, but lest in multiplying the species should destroy the world, he slew the female, reserving her flesh for the banquet that will be given to the righteous on the advent of the Messiah. Rashi's commentary on repeats the tradition: the...sea monsters: The great fish in the sea, and in the words of the Aggadah (B.B. 74b), this refers to the Leviathan and its mate, for He created them male and female, and He slew the female and salted her away for the righteous in the future, for if

Leviathan
Leviathan may be a name for the crocodile, and in a footnote to Job 40:15, that Behemoth may be a name for the hippopotamus. The Church Father Origen accused a gnostic sect of venerating the biblical serpent of the Garden of Eden. Therefore, he calls them Ophites, naming after the serpent they are supposed to worship. In this belief system, the Leviathan appears as an Ouroboros, separating the divine realm from humanity by enveloping or permeating the material world. We do not know whether or not the Ophites actually identified the serpent on the Garden of Eden with the Leviathan.

Leviathan
have reflected an attempt to naturalize Leviathan in a process that demoted it from deity to demon to monster. Later Jewish sources describe Leviathan as a dragon who lives over the Sources of the Deep and who, along with the male land-monster Behemoth, will be served up to the righteous at the end of time. The Book of Enoch (60:7–9) describes Leviathan as a female monster dwelling in the watery abyss (as Tiamat), while Behemoth is a male monster living in the desert of Dunaydin (""east of Eden""). When the Jewish midrash (explanations of the Tanakh) were being composed, it

"Leviathan (Hobbes book)"
the landscape, clutching a sword and a crosier, beneath a quote from the Book of Job—""""Non est potestas Super Terram quae Comparetur ei. Iob. 41 . 24"""" (""There is no power on earth to be compared to him. Job 41 . 24"")—linking the figure to the monster of that book. (Due to disagreements over the precise location of the chapters and verses when they were divided in the Late Middle Ages, the verse Hobbes quotes is usually given as Job 41:33 in modern Christian translations into English, Job 41:25 in the Masoretic text, Septuagint, and the Luther Bible; it is

Leviathan
, , , , and . The mention of the Tannins in the Genesis creation narrative (translated as ""great whales"" in the King James Version) and Leviathan in the Psalm do not describe them as harmful but as ocean creatures who are part of God's creation. The element of competition between God and the sea monster and the use of Leviathan to describe the powerful enemies of Israel may reflect the influence of the Mesopotamian and Canaanite legends or the contest in Egyptian mythology between the Apep snake and the sun god Ra. Alternatively, the removal of such competition may

Leviathan
the words of Job xli. 18: ""By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning"" (B. B. l.c.). However, in spite of his supernatural strength, the leviathan is afraid of a small worm called ""kilbit"", which clings to the gills of large fish and kills them (Shab. 77b). In the eleventh-century piyyut (religious poem), ""Akdamut"", recited on ""Shavuot"" (Pentecost), it is envisioned that, ultimately, God will slaughter the Leviathan, which is described as having ""mighty fins"" (and, therefore, a kosher fish, not an inedible snake or crocodile), and it will be served

Leviathan
The festival of Sukkot (Festival of Booths) therefore concludes with a prayer recited upon leaving the ""sukkah"" (booth): ""May it be your will, Lord our God and God of our forefathers, that just as I have fulfilled and dwelt in this sukkah, so may I merit in the coming year to dwell in ""the sukkah of the skin of Leviathan"". Next year in Jerusalem."" The enormous size of the Leviathan is described by Johanan bar Nappaha, from whom proceeded nearly all the aggadot concerning this monster: ""Once we went in a ship and saw a fish which put his head

"American League East"
division championship, and won a 1-game playoff against Boston. <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Due to the players' strike, the season was split. New York won the first half and defeated second-half champion Milwaukee (62–45) in the postseason. § – Due to the 1994 baseball strike starting August 12, no official winner was awarded. New York was leading at the strike. †† – The Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees finished the 2005 season tied for first place with identical records. New York won the season series against Boston and was awarded the tie-breaker; Boston was awarded the wild card berth. Had

Rangers and the Tampa Bay Rays finished the season with the identical records of 91–71. A one-game playoff was held and the Rays won it 5–2 over the Rangers to capture the second Wild Card berth. <nowiki>***</nowiki> In , the Toronto Blue Jays and the Baltimore Orioles finished the season with the identical records of 89–73. However, the Blue Jays won the right to host the Wild Card Game by virtue of their 10–9 regular season record against the Orioles. American League East The American League East is one of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s six divisions (An East, Central, and

"2017 America East Conference Baseball Tournament"
2017 America East Conference Baseball Tournament The 2017 America East Conference Baseball Tournament was held from May 24 to 27, 2017. All six eligible participants out of the league's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Edward A. LeLacheur Park in Lowell, Massachusetts, the home park of UMass Lowell and the minor league Lowell Spinners. UMBC won the tournament and received the conference's automatic bid into the 2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. All six eligible participants from the regular season were seeded one through six based on conference winning percentage only. The No. 1 and No. 2

He then retired the side to send the Astros to their first American League Championship Series and their first postseason series win since 2005. The Red Sox were knocked out of the playoffs in the first round for the second year in a row, having been swept by the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 American League Division Series. 2017 ALDS (3–1): Houston Astros defeated Boston Red Sox. 2017 American League Division Series The 2017 American League Division Series were two best-of-five-games series held to determine the participating teams in the 2017 American League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded

a team from another division won the wild card, a one-game playoff would have decided the division champion. The Cleveland Indians were the only team to not win the AL East before the 1994 division realignment. Since the advent of the Wild Card, AL East teams have faced each other in the ALCS 5 times and the ALDS twice. <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Starting with the 2012 season, there are two Wild Card winners in each league. The qualifiers play a single-game playoff to determine who will face the top-seeded team in the American League Division Series. <nowiki>**</nowiki> In , the Texas

or Brewers. The Twins wanted to keep nearby Chicago and Milwaukee as division rivals, citing the National League's lack of geographic accuracy in forming its divisions as a reason why the Rangers should not have been shifted out of the East. The Twins also noted the National Football League's Dallas Cowboys played in the NFC East. The White Sox' pleas fell on deaf ears, and the Brewers, who began as the Seattle Pilots in 1969, were moved to the East. ‡ – In 1978, the New York Yankees ended up in a tie with the Boston Red Sox for the

"Ceintures de Lyon"
Ceintures de Lyon The ceintures de Lyon (""Belts of Lyon"") were a series of fortifications built between 1830 and 1890 around the city of Lyon, France to protect the city from foreign invasion. The belts comprised two defensive barriers that included forts, lunettes, ramparts, batteries, and other defensive structures. Some of the fortifications of the ceintures de Lyon have been destroyed, though many remain today. After the July Revolution in 1830 and the end of the Bourbon monarchy, the government feared a new war. Austria was seen as the major threat to France at the time, and so protecting the

"Thiers wall"
to threaten the Parisians in case they come to revolt against the monarchy. The long enclosure, colloquially referred to as ""the fortress"", consisted of 94 bastions, 17 gates (French: ""portes"", major road crossings), 23 minor road crossings (French: ""barrières""), eight railway crossing points, five crossing points of rivers or canals and eight posterns. The only existing remains are the ""Poterne des Peupliers"" (""postern of the poplars"") between the ""Porte de Gentilly"" and ""Porte d'Italie"" near where the Bievre entered Paris, bastion number 1 in the middle of the ""Porte de Bercy"" interchange, bastion number 45 at the ""Porte de Clichy"",

"Maginot Line"
Maginot Line The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built

Line along the Italian border, which ""demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications ... when properly employed."" Footnotes Books Journals Maginot Line The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a

"City walls of Paris"
City walls of Paris Walls of Paris (""enceintes de Paris"" or ""murs de Paris"" in French), refers to the city walls that surrounded Paris as it grew from ancient times until the 20th century, built primarily to defend the city. Several successive city walls were built, with the exception of 1670, when Louis XIV ordered the demolition of the Louis XIII Wall, through 1785, when construction began on the Wall of the Farmers-General. The city walls of Paris include: As Paris expanded over time, new walls were built to consolidate the existing city with new houses, gardens, and vegetable fields.

"Carnot wall"
Carnot wall A Carnot wall is a type of loop-holed wall built in the ditch of a fort or redoubt. It takes its name from the French mathematician, politician, and military engineer, Lazare Carnot. Such walls were introduced into the design of fortifications from the early nineteenth century. As conceived by Carnot they formed part of an innovative but controversial system of fortification intended to defend against artillery and infantry attack. Carnot walls were employed, together with other elements of Carnot's system, in continental Europe in the years after the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, especially by the Prussians,

"Entrenchment (fortification)"
blockade of 1798–1800, in order to prevent the French from launching a counterattack. Entrenchment (fortification) In fortification, the term entrenchment (, ) can refer to either a secondary line of defence within a larger fortification (better known as a ""retrenchment""), or an enceinte designed to provide cover for infantry, having a layout similar to a city wall but on a smaller scale. The latter usually consisted of curtain walls and bastions or redans, and was sometimes also protected by a ditch. In the 18th century, the Knights Hospitaller built a number of coastal and inland entrenchments as part of the

"Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries"
able to slow or stop a large troop formation. For example the Fort de Charenton was placed to dominate Route Nationale 6, the Paris-Geneva road, and Route Nationale 19, the road to Belfort, as well as the Pont de Charenton on the Marne and the Pont à l’Anglais on the Seine. In wartime, the fort would fulfill several functions, in the manner of a fortified town. The first ring of sixteen detached forts and complementary works, constituting the first line of defense a few kilometers from Paris, and supporting the Thiers Wall encircling Paris. The sixteen forts built around Paris

Thiers wall The Thiers wall was the last of the defensive walls of Paris. It was an enclosure constructed between 1841 and 1844 under a law enacted by the government of the French prime minister, Adolphe Thiers. It covered , along the ""boulevards des Maréchaux"" (Boulevards of the Marshals) of today. A sloping area outside the wall, called a glacis, extended outward from the Thiers wall to the location of today's Boulevard Périphérique. The wall was demolished in stages between 1919 and 1929. Louis-Philippe, proclaimed king of the French in 1830, was convinced that the key to defence of France

for Preventive Archaeological Research. This confirmed the probable existence of an enclosure around the centre of Paris on the right bank around the tenth century. This is most likely the result of a Viking siege in 885 and was constructed by either Odo of France, or Robert I of France. The fortification had a 12 by 3 meter wide ditch and was likely to have been supported by a wooden fence. The Wall of Philippe Auguste was built between 1190 and 1213, enclosing 253 hectares on both sides of the river Seine. Many elements were later incorporated into private buildings

"Hope Williams Brady"
Ciara Brady, was born on-screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. Later that year while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby-carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, until Doug is strong enough to take care of

to hold off on the annulment. They are still trying to work through Rafe's lies and betrayal. Hope Williams Brady Hope Williams Brady is a character on the NBC soap opera ""Days of Our Lives"". Created by writer William J. Bell, she has been portrayed by Kristian Alfonso since she was recast on April 14, 1983. Hope is a member of the Horton family, the long-running core fictional family on ""Days"". She is the mother of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady, and Ciara Brady. Hope is one half of the supercouple Bo & Hope. She works as a cop for the

Hope Williams Brady Hope Williams Brady is a character on the NBC soap opera ""Days of Our Lives"". Created by writer William J. Bell, she has been portrayed by Kristian Alfonso since she was recast on April 14, 1983. Hope is a member of the Horton family, the long-running core fictional family on ""Days"". She is the mother of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady, and Ciara Brady. Hope is one half of the supercouple Bo & Hope. She works as a cop for the Salem P.D. Hope was promoted to Commissioner of Salem P.D. in 2017. Alfonso was nominated for a

"Kristian Alfonso"
Kristian Alfonso Kristian-Joy Alfonso (born September 5, 1963) is an American actress, former figure skater and fashion model. She is best known for playing Hope Williams Brady, which she has played since 1983 on the NBC dramatic serial ""Days of Our Lives"". She began her career as a figure skater and gold medal champion at the Junior Olympic Figure Skating Championships. At the age of 13, a tobogganing accident ended her skating career and Alfonso began modeling. By the time she was 15 she had appeared on the cover of over 30 magazines, including ""Vogue"" and ""Harper's Bazaar"". She was

Brady-DiMera feud, but the group is involved in a plane crash; Grandpa Shawn Brady is killed, and everyone else is injured. Bo is briefly diagnosed with mystery illness affecting his pancreas, he requires a partial pancreas transplant and makes a full recovery. Bo and Hope's daughter Ciara Brady is kidnapped in the summer of 2009, and Hope struggles with her memories of losing their son Zack. She moves out of their house, taking Ciara with her and Bo is devastated. Bo's old flame Carly Manning comes back to Salem and pursues Bo, driving a new wedge between Bo and Hope.

actor Kimberly Weber took over the role from October 25, 1974 to April 29, 1975. Natasha Ryan was the child actor who played the young version of Hope the longest from June 4, 1975 through June 27, 1980. From May 11, 1981 until January 8, 1982, young adult actress Tammy Taylor played a teenaged Hope. Actress Kristian Alfonso assumed the role of Hope Williams on April 14, 1983, playing the role through April 20, 1987, reappearing from April 27 to August 3, 1990, and playing the role since May 6, 1994. Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn-Douglas, Zack and

and Stefano and ended up pregnant but it is revealed that Bo is the real father. However, it is also revealed that Gina is still alive, and she and Stefano plot their revenge by changing the test results of the paternity test and switch the babies with Rolf's niece Marlo, who is having a child that will be adopted and given to Stefano's daughter Lexie and her husband Abe, who is Stefano's rival. Hope gives birth to her and Bo's second child, Zack, in 2000, but the babies are switched by Stefano, and Hope believes her son is J.T Reiber.

time, Bo's mother Caroline Brady begins to show symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. His sister Kayla Brady locates a clinic in California that will accept Caroline as a patient for a trial treatment. Bo leaves town with Caroline, and is reported to have returned to Salem a short while later, but is not seen on screen. Bo leaves Salem to work for the ISA and promises his family he will return, but after many months without hearing from him, Hope begin to doubt Bo is coming back. She meets lawyer Aiden Jennings in January 2014 and, after receiving no word from

"Hope Logan"
the result of an affair between Brooke Logan and Deacon Sharpe, Brooke's ex-son-in-law. Upon Matula's casting, her main storylines revolved around relationships with former love interests Liam and Wyatt Spencer, and a rivalry with Steffy Forrester, the latter of which mirrors the rivalry between their mothers, Brooke Logan and Dr. Taylor Hayes. Between the years of 2002 and 2009, the character was played by child actresses, and appeared as a young girl around 5 years old by 2007. On December 4, 2009, it was announced that Hope was to be dramatically aged and portrayed by Kim Matula. Matula signed on

"Bo Brady and Hope Williams"
Hope's royal wedding on location in England was one of the most spectacular weddings on daytime television. Hope's dress cost around $35,000. In their many years on the show, the couple has survived plenty of tragedy, including Hope's identity crisis when she was temporarily brainwashed by Stefano DiMera to think she was a princess, and Bo's struggle to find his daughter, Georgia. They are the parents of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady and Ciara Brady. Bo Brady and Billie Reed's daughter, Georgia, whom they believed to be stillborn, was found to be alive as Salem's teenage bad girl Chelsea Brady. The

"Gulfstream G650"
Gulfstream G650 The Gulfstream G650 is a twin-engine business jet airplane produced by Gulfstream Aerospace. The model is designated ""Gulfstream GVI"" in its type certificate, and may be configured to carry from 11 to 18 passengers. Gulfstream began the G650 program in 2005 and revealed it to the public in 2008. The G650 is the company's largest and fastest business jet with a top speed of Mach 0.925. The aircraft project was named the 2014 winner of the Collier Trophy, for having ""strengthened business aviation through significant technological advancements in aircraft performance, cabin comfort, and safety."" The G650ER is an

of legal counsel during the investigation. Gulfstream G650 The Gulfstream G650 is a twin-engine business jet airplane produced by Gulfstream Aerospace. The model is designated ""Gulfstream GVI"" in its type certificate, and may be configured to carry from 11 to 18 passengers. Gulfstream began the G650 program in 2005 and revealed it to the public in 2008. The G650 is the company's largest and fastest business jet with a top speed of Mach 0.925. The aircraft project was named the 2014 winner of the Collier Trophy, for having ""strengthened business aviation through significant technological advancements in aircraft performance, cabin comfort,

"Gulfstream G500/G600"
in summer 2018 after 240 were done at the end of May 2018 covering 100,300 nmi in 69 flights, along known icing flight and high-elevation certification tests: the five flight-test G500s made 1,355 flights in 4,955 hours. On July 20, 2018, Gulfstream announced it received both its type certification and production certificate from the FAA, before first delivery in the fourth quarter. As nacelle supplier Nordam filed for bankruptcy on 23 July, initial deliveries will be slowed. Certification allowed the EFVS to provide the only visual cues for landing down to runway visual range, to touchdown and rollout, after 50

to the speeds carried out for the single engine take off run. The G650 test aircraft were grounded until May 28, 2011, when the remaining test aircraft were allowed to return to flight testing. On September 7, 2012, the G650 received its type certificate from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Its first delivery was to an American customer named Preston Henn on December 27, 2012. The G650 had a nominal list price of $64.5 million in 2013, but there was a three-year waiting list. Some aircraft produced for delivery in 2013 sold for more than $70 million to buyers

extended-range version of the G650. The 300th was delivered in April 2018, just over five years since introduction in December 2012. The Gulfstream G650 was formally launched as an internal company project in May 2005, and publicly unveiled on March 13, 2008. At the public announcement occasion, company executives stated the new model would become Gulfstream's largest, fastest and most expensive business jet on entry to the market. The wing design was completed in 2006. A total of 1,400 hours of wind tunnel testing was completed by 2008. A pressure-test fuselage was built and tested, including an ultimate-pressure test of

2017, the test fleet of four G500 prototypes and the first production aircraft, made over 745 flights in two years for 2,900 flight hours, on track for the certification by the end of the year. In August 2017, the FAA issued the G500 a type inspection authorisation to allow in flight evaluation. The five G500 test aircraft have logged more than 3,100h over 820 sorties and completed cabin systems, brakes, lighting, fly-over noise and fuel systems tests. The fifth G500, with a complete interior, will be the first to enter service, as a demonstrator, before customer deliveries in early 2018.

"Gulfstream G550"
been delivered in May 2015. As it is replaced by the $54.5 million Gulfstream G600 with a lower 6200 nmi range but with a better cabin and cockpit, faster long range cruise and lower fuel burn, it could leave production in 2019. Deliveries went from 50 aircraft in 2011 to 19 in 2016 and with 40 units for sale in a fleet of 540, its valuation are falling : a 10-year-old G550 valued $28 million a year before is worth $18-$20 million in January 2017, while a two-year-old went from $40 to $35 million. In May 2017, early 2003 G550s

happen in 2018 like for the G500. The five flight-test G600s accumulated 1,950 hours in 510 flights, were completing mechanical systems certification testing in May 2018 before airfield-performance testing in summer. By August, 600 flights over 2,290 hours were completed after trials for ice shapes and stall speed testing and before field-performance testing, towards U.S. approval by year-end and deliveries in 2019. By October, the test aircraft had accumulated 685 flights in over 2,600 hours. Both models have a four circular arcs cross-section fuselage, similar to the Gulfstream G650, with a reduction in width and height. Similar in dimension to

emerging requirements call for an aircraft with a 10-13 man crew and a belly-mounted radar long. However, during the fiscal 2019 budget rollout briefing it was announced that the Air Force will not move forward with an E-8C replacement aircraft. Funding for the JSTARS recapitalization program will instead be diverted to pay for development of an advanced battle management system. In September 2018, Gulfstream was conducting testing at London City Airport to certify the aircraft to perform steep approaches. The G650 has a cruise speed of Mach 0.85 to 0.90, with maximum speed of Mach 0.925 and a range of

test approaches, and testing to lower visibilities could allow dropping the limit. The first G500 was delivered on September 27, 2018. On October 1, Gulfstream announced the acquisition of the nacelle manufacturing line from Nordam. The longer G600 had its first flight at Savannah-Hilton Head International Airport on December 17, 2016. Four flight-test aircraft and a production G600 will be used for the test program for a scheduled 2018 introduction: In August 2017, the fifth was being outfitted for its third quarter first flight. Through August 20, the four G600s have logged 780 h in 175 flights, the longest lasting

which us ship was captured off the coast of massachusetts by the british

"HMS Liberty (1768)"
on the north end of Goat Island in Newport harbor as one of the first overt American acts of defiance against the British government. HMS Liberty (1768) Liberty was a sloop owned by John Hancock, an American merchant. Seized by customs officials in Boston in 1768, it was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS ""Liberty"", and was burned the next year by American colonists in Newport, Rhode Island in one of the first acts of open defiance against the British crown by American colonists. The ship was originally owned by John Hancock. In 1768, British officials alleged that Bostonians

"Boston campaign"
of two British soldiers and the British ship ""Diana"". The need for building materials and other supplies led Admiral Samuel Graves to authorize a Loyalist merchant to send his ships from Boston to Machias in the District of Maine, accompanied by a Royal Navy schooner. The Machias townspeople rose up, seizing the merchant vessels and then the schooner after a short battle in which its commander was killed. Their resistance and that of other coastal communities led Graves to authorize an expedition of reprisal in October whose sole significant act was the Burning of Falmouth. The outrage in the colonies

"Boston Massacre"
to Hillsborough, asking for military support because ""the Government is as much in the hands of the people as it was in the time of the Stamp Act."" Commodore Samuel Hood responded by sending the fifty-gun warship , which arrived in Boston Harbor in May 1768. On June 10, 1768, customs officials seized ""Liberty"", a sloop owned by leading Boston merchant John Hancock, on allegations that the ship had been involved in smuggling. Bostonians, already angry because the captain of ""Romney"" had been impressing local sailors, began to riot. Customs officials fled to Castle William for protection. Given the unstable

"USS Boston (1777)"
""Vulture"", the armed transport ""Vernon"", and ""Jack"", another small armed merchant ship. The convoy was off the harbor of Spanish River, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia (present-day Sydney, Nova Scotia), or Île Royale, when it came under attack from two French frigates ""Astrée"", commanded by La Pérouse, and the ""Hermione"", commanded by Latouche Tréville, resulting in the Naval battle of Louisbourg. The French captured ""Jack"". ""Charlestown"" struck to the French frigates but they were unable to take possession of her; French accounts state that she escaped in the dark. The French lost six men killed and 34 wounded; the British lost

HMS Liberty (1768) Liberty was a sloop owned by John Hancock, an American merchant. Seized by customs officials in Boston in 1768, it was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS ""Liberty"", and was burned the next year by American colonists in Newport, Rhode Island in one of the first acts of open defiance against the British crown by American colonists. The ship was originally owned by John Hancock. In 1768, British officials alleged that Bostonians locked a customs official in the ""Liberty""s cabin while the cargo of Madeira wine was unloaded in an effort to evade the Townshend Acts.

In retaliation, the British government confiscated ""Liberty"", and it was towed away by HMS ""Halifax"". Charges against Hancock were eventually dropped, but ""Liberty"" remained confiscated. The ship was refitted in Rhode Island to serve as a Royal Navy ship named HMS ""Liberty"" and then used to patrol off Rhode Island for customs violations. On 19 July 1769, the crew of ""Liberty"" under Captain William Reid accosted Joseph Packwood, a New London captain, and seized and towed two Connecticut ships into Newport. In retribution, Packwood and a mob of Rhode Islanders confronted Reid, then boarded, scuttled, and later burned the ship

John Adams to France, capturing one prize en route. She then cruised in European waters taking four prizes before returning to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 15 October. In 1779 she made two cruises (29 July – 6 September and 23 November – 23 December) in the North Atlantic capturing at least nine prizes. ""Boston"" then joined the squadron sent to assist in the defense of Charleston, South Carolina. There the British captured her when the town surrendered on 12 May 1780. The British took ""Boston"" into service as a frigate. In June 1781 Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot sent ""Charlestown"" and several other

"Action of 31 July 1793"
Action of 31 July 1793 The Action of 31 July 1793 was an inconclusive engagement between a British Royal Navy frigate and French frigate off the New Jersey coastline in the first year of the French Revolutionary Wars. The British captain, George Courtenay of HMS ""Boston"", had arrived off New York City on 28 May and deliberately disguised his ship as a French vessel, fooling a French officer into coming aboard and making him a prisoner of war. Courtenay then sent a message into New York, where he knew a French frigate lay at anchor, challenging the French captain to

"USS Liberty (1775)"
USS Liberty (1775) USS ""Liberty"" was a schooner built at Skenesboro, New York, on Lake Champlain, for wealthy landowner and former British Army Captain Philip Skene. It was captured on 11 May 1775 during a raid on Skenesboro led by Capt. Samuel Herrick, an early action in the American Revolution. Originally named Katherine, she was renamed ""Liberty"" to honor the patriot cause. She sailed to Fort Ticonderoga on 13 May 1775 and filled out her crew. Later that day she got underway for Fort Crown Point where she arrived at sunset the following day. On 16 May she pushed on

when did congress passes legislation to fund the national cancer institute

"Hematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act"
United States Senate by unanimous consent in November 2001. It went through the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and passed the U.S. House of Representatives on a voice vote in April 2002. It was signed into law by President George W. Bush on May 14, 2002. The research part of the bill, the Joe Moakley Research Excellence Program, requires the Director of the National Institutes of Health, through the National Cancer Institute, to expand and coordinate blood cancer research programs. It was named after former Massachusetts Congressman Joe Moakley, who died in May 2001 of myelodysplastic syndrome, a form

"War on Cancer"
began with the National Cancer Act of 1971, a United States federal law. The act was intended ""to amend the Public Health Service Act so as to strengthen the National Cancer Institute in order to more effectively carry out the national effort against cancer"". It was signed into law by President Nixon on December 23, 1971. Health activist and philanthropist Mary Lasker was instrumental in persuading the United States Congress to pass the National Cancer Act. She and her husband Albert Lasker were strong supporters of medical research. They established the Lasker Foundation which awarded people for their research. In

"National Institutes of Health"
the NIH and its research programs. By 1971 cancer research was in full force and President Nixon signed the National Cancer Act, initiating a National Cancer Program, President's Cancer Panel, National Cancer Advisory Board, and 15 new research, training, and demonstration centers. Funding for the NIH has often been a source of contention in Congress, serving as a proxy for the political currents of the time. In 1992, the NIH encompassed nearly 1 percent of the federal government's operating budget and controlled more than 50 percent of all funding for health research, and 85 percent of all funding for health

approved, and the National Cancer Institute became a division of NIH. In 1948, the name changed from National Institute of Health to National Institutes of Health. In the 1960s, virologist and cancer researcher Chester M. Southam injected HeLa cancer cells into patients at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital. When three doctors resigned after refusing to inject patients without their consent, the experiment gained considerable media attention. The NIH was a major source of funding for Southam’s research and had required all research involving human subjects to obtain their consent prior to any experimentation. Upon investigating all of their grantee institutions,

"National Cancer Institute"
National Cancer Institute The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NCI coordinates the U.S. National Cancer Program and conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other activities related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer; the supportive care of cancer patients and their families; and cancer survivorship. On June 10, 2017, President Donald J. Trump announced his intent to appoint Norman Sharpless as director of the National Cancer Institute. NCI

"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH)] is a not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) charitable organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1990. Located in Bethesda, MD, the FNIH is an independent organization that raises private-sector funds, and creates and manages alliances with public and private institutions in support of the mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The FNIH organizes and administers research programs, supports education and training of new researchers, manages educational events and symposia and provides support to patient care activities with the purpose of accelerating biomedical research and strategies

began appropriating funds for the Marine Hospital Service. By 1922, this organization changed its name to Public Health Services and established a Special Cancer Investigations laboratory at Harvard Medical School. This marked the beginning of a partnership with universities. In 1930, the Hygienic Laboratory was re-designated as the National Institute of Health by the Ransdell Act, and was given $750,000 to construct two NIH buildings. Over the next few decades, Congress would increase funding tremendously to the NIH, and various institutes and centers within the NIH were created for specific research programs. In 1944, the Public Health Service Act was

"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"
""Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research"". The law provided $150 million per year for type 1 diabetes research in FY 2010 and FY 2011. February 17, 2009—President Barack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 (P.L. 111—5), providing the NIH with a two-year infusion of funding. The NIDDK developed a plan to use its portion of the ARRA funds to meet the stimulus goals set forth in the Recovery Act. This funding supported a range of biomedical research efforts across the Institute's research mission. June 15, 2010—H. Res. 1444, a bipartisan resolution recognizing

"History of cancer"
Barr identified the first human cancer virus, called the Epstein-Barr Virus. The political 'war' on cancer began with the National Cancer Act of 1971, a United States federal law. The act was intended ""to amend the Public Health Service Act so as to strengthen the National Cancer Institute in order to more effectively carry out the national effort against cancer"". It was signed into law by then U.S. President Richard Nixon on December 23, 1971. In 1973, cancer research led to a cold war incident, where co-operative samples of reported oncoviruses were discovered to be contaminated by HeLa. In 1984,

"National Foundation for Cancer Research"
National Foundation for Cancer Research National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1973. It provides funds to cancer scientists and researchers, with the ultimate goal of a cure for cancer. The Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research, established by the NFCR and named in honor of Albert Szent-Györgyi, Nobel Laureate and co-founder of NFCR, has been awarded annually since 2006 to outstanding researchers whose scientific achievements have expanded the understanding of cancer and whose vision has moved cancer research in new directions. The Szent-Györgyi Prize honors researchers whose discoveries have made possible new

"Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film)"
Jenny Hale. Hale was approached by a screenwriter who wished to adapt the novel after reading the book. Filming took place in British Columbia, in the Abbotsford, Vancouver and Langley areas in August 2017, with a mansion in the Aldergrove area of Langely serving as the property at the centre of the story. The film premiered on the Hallmark Channel on November 18, 2017, as part of the channel's 'Countdown to Christmas' season of programming. Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film) Coming Home for Christmas is a 2017 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film based on the novel of the same

Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film) Coming Home for Christmas is a 2017 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film based on the novel of the same name by Jenny Hale, starring Danica McKellar and Neal Bledsoe. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 18, 2017 as part of the channel's 'Countdown to Christmas' season. Lizzie Richfield is at a crossroads when she lands a job as house manager for the exclusive Ashford Estate in the Virginia countryside. The estate is being sold; prior to its sale, Lizzie plans one final Christmas Eve gala for the owners: the Marley family, who

"Coming Home (Diddy – Dirty Money song)"
its position of number four on the singles chart, which came in addition to maintaining its position at the top of the UK R&B Singles chart for three consecutive weeks. According to a press release by Interscope Records, as of March 25, 2011, ""Coming Home"" has sold 1.8 million digital downloads worldwide. The accompanying music video made its worldwide premiere through E! Online on November 29, 2010. It was filmed entirely in the Mojave Desert, just outside Palm Springs, CA. The video was the first of three released in the three weeks counting down to the album's release. Album cuts

"I'll Be Home for Christmas (1998 film)"
stumbles upon Nolan (Andrew Lauer), a simple-minded thief who is driving stolen kitchen goods to his dealer near New York. A police officer named Max (Sean O'Bryan) pulls them over in Red Cliff, Colorado for speeding, so Jake lies and says that Nolan is his elf, Snowpuff, and that they are donating the goods to the children's hospital. The police officer offers for them to join him. Max asks Jake to accompany him to North Platte, Nebraska and help him win his wife, Marjorie (Lesley Boone), back. Allie and Eddie continue to head for New York. Allie convinces Eddie to

"Home for the Holidays (1995 film)"
the city because it was the ""prototype of the American city. It's dangerous, east coasty, urban. Yet it still has a hopeful quality to it."" Principal photography began February 1995. Filming of the Thanksgiving dinner took more than ten days, using 64 turkeys, 20 pounds of mashed potatoes, 35 pounds of stuffing, 44 pies, 30 pounds of sweet potatoes, 18 bags of mini-marshmallows and 50 gallons of juice that stood in for wine. Foster allowed Robert Downey Jr. to improvise, which got him excited about making films again after a period of time where he became disillusioned with acting. ""Home

"Coming Home (TV serial)"
apart. Further complications arise when Judith's sister Jess is placed in her care after the ship on which she and their mother were returning to England is bombed by the Japanese and Jess is placed in an internment camp. With their father missing and their mother lost at sea, Judith must learn to interact with a grieving young girl emotionally scarred by her wartime experiences. The serial was shot at numerous locations in Cornwall, including Godrevy, Lamorna, Lelant, Marazion, Penzance, Porthgwarra, Prideaux Place, and St Michael's Mount, as well as Wrotham Park in Hertfordshire. Acorn Media UK released the serial

"Coming Home (1978 film)"
since his 1975 film ""Shampoo"". Ashby had cast singer-songwriter Guthrie Thomas to portray the role of Bill Munson in the film after reviewing Thomas' screen test. Thomas joined Ashby and the entire cast at a restaurant in Malibu Beach, California prior to the beginning of production. Thomas was a close friend to Ashby and had been cast in a previous Ashby film, ""Bound for Glory"", starring David Carradine. Upon completion of the cast meeting Thomas privately spoke to Ashby and told his friend, ""Hal, I am a singer-songwriter as you know and not an actor. In all fairness to you

I'll Be Home for Christmas (1998 film) I'll Be Home for Christmas is a 1998 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Arlene Sanford. The plot follows a college student who must make it from his campus in Los Angeles, California to his family's home in Larchmont, New York in time for Christmas dinner in order to win his father's Porsche. It stars Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Jessica Biel, Adam LaVorgna and Gary Cole and was released on November 13, 1998. Jake Wilkinson (Jonathan Taylor Thomas) is an 18-year-old attending the (fictional) Palisades Academy in California. He has not been home

paraplegic Vietnam War Veteran, who she met in an antiwar rally. At that time, Kovic had recently completed his autobiographical book ""Born on the Fourth of July"" which would later become an Oscar-winning motion picture of the same name directed by Oliver Stone, starring Tom Cruise as Kovic. In 1972, Fonda hired Nancy Dowd, a friend from her days in the feminist movement, to write a script about the consequences of the war as seen through the eyes of a military wife. Originally, Dowd's story, tentatively titled ""Buffalo Ghosts"", focused on two women, volunteers at a veterans' hospital, who must

"Home for Christmas (2010 film)"
Home for Christmas (2010 film) Home for Christmas () is a 2010 Norwegian comedy-drama film directed by Bent Hamer. “Home for Christmas” is based on a selection of short stories from the Norwegian author Levi Henriksen’s collection, ”Only Soft Presents Under the Tree”. These stories, which now and then intersect with each other, all take place in Henriksen’s fictitious small town of Skogli, over a couple of hours on Christmas Eve. Following a prologue set in war-torn former Yugoslavia, the film follows several different Christmas celebrations in the small Norwegian town of Skogli. Paul is a thirty-three-year-old laborer who marches

"Elimination Chamber (2018)"
Chamber match, the first event to include a women's Elimination Chamber match, and the first Raw-exclusive pay-per-view since the 2016 reintroduction of the brand extension to not feature any cruiserweight division matches. Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak

were The Miz, Seth Rollins, and Finn Bálor. John Cena entered the match as the fourth entrant, followed by Roman Reigns and Braun Strowman. Strowman performed a running powerslam on The Miz to eliminate him. The last man to enter the match was Elias. Strowman then eliminated Elias, Cena, Bálor, and Rollins by performing a running powerslam on each of them. The final two were Strowman and Reigns. In the climax, Reigns performed three superman punches and two spears on Strowman to win the match and earn the right to challenge Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34.

that Triple H and Stephanie were now glad that they owned Rousey so they could manipulate her. Triple H and Stephanie tried to calm the situation, however, Angle instigated the tension more, which resulted in Rousey throwing Triple H through a table. Stephanie then slapped Rousey, but retreated before Rousey could attack her. Rousey then signed her contract. The main event was the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match with the victor becoming the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. Due to the extra participant, three men began the match instead of two, which

"Elimination Chamber (2017)"
titular Elimination Chamber match to become the new WWE Champion, the first singles championship of his career. On the undercard, Naomi defeated Alexa Bliss to become the new SmackDown Women's Champion, marking her first championship in WWE, Randy Orton defeated Luke Harper, American Alpha retained the SmackDown Tag Team Championship in a tag team turmoil match, and Becky Lynch defeated Mickie James. The card featured eight matches, including one on the pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series

"The Bachelorette (season 7)"
They take part in Muay Thai and they fight on an outdoor arena in four matches: Blake vs. Lucas, Mickey vs. J.P., Ames vs. Ryan P., and Nick vs. Shane. Shortly after the fight, Ames is injured and is sent to the hospital. During that night, a clearly concussed Ames rejoins the rest of the guys for one-on-one talks with Ashley. Blake gets a rose. 2-on-1: Ben C. and William. The two travel on a river raft and have an outdoor picnic with Ashley. Ben C. is eliminated after William tells Ashley that Ben C. is interested in online dating

simultaneously pinned Wyatt, and it was decided that both would be a part of the Elimination Chamber match, marking the first seven-man chamber match. The following week, all seven men participated in a gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Reigns was eliminated followed by Cena. Elias then eliminated Rollins, but was in turn eliminated by Bálor, who was eliminated by The Miz. Strowman won the gauntlet match by pinning The Miz in what was the longest match in WWE history, lasting nearly two hours. On the January 29 episode of ""Raw"", Commissioner Stephanie McMahon convinced Asuka, who won

and Lynch getting the upper hand. On the December 13, 2016, episode of ""SmackDown"", a battle royal to determine the number one contenders for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship was won by The Hype Bros. After the match, however, it was discovered that Zack Ryder had injured his knee and required surgery. In response, a championship four-way tag team elimination match occurred on the December 27 episode between American Alpha, Heath Slater and Rhyno, The Usos, and defending champions The Wyatt Family (represented by Luke Harper and Randy Orton), where American Alpha won by last eliminating Orton to become the

Elimination Chamber (2017) Elimination Chamber (2017) (known as No Escape (2017) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE for the SmackDown brand. It took place on February 12, 2017, at the Talking Stick Resort Arena in Phoenix, Arizona. This was the seventh event under the Elimination Chamber chronology, the first to be held since 2015, and this was also the first pay-per-view to feature three women's matches on the main card. Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Bray Wyatt won the

and Mickie James. Bayley and Deville were the first two contestants. Rose entered next, assisting Deville in attacking Bayley. Banks entered third and immediately attacked both Deville and Rose. Rose was eliminated by Banks after submitting to the ""Bank Statement"". James then entered and eliminated Deville after a diving seated senton off a pod. Following this, Bayley performed a ""Bayley-to-Belly"" on James to eliminate her. Defending champion Bliss entered last and was hesitant to enter so Bliss climbed the pod instead; Banks was able to knock her down on top of a pod. Banks then turned her attention to Bayley

"The Biggest Loser (season 7)"
over a Styrofoam bar, part of a giant metal jump rope. If they break the Styrofoam, they are out. Joelle, Ron, Daniel, and Helen are out on the first few swings, either mistiming the jump or not being able to jump at all. Damien (57 swings), Filipe (105), Mandi (141), and Dane (701) fare much better. In the end, it comes down to Kristin and Tara, who make it to 1030 jumps (two hours 19 minutes) in 95 degree heat. Ultimately, Kristin succumbs to the heat, giving Tara immunity for the second week in a row. At the weigh-in, the

"Real Steel"
the 84th Academy Awards, but lost to ""Hugo"". In 2020, human boxers are replaced by robots. Charlie Kenton, a former boxer, owns ""Ambush"", but loses it in a fight against a bull belonging to promoter and carnival owner Ricky, who rigged the fight to mess with Charlie as he sees him as a joke, partially because he beat him up the last time they competed for bailing on the bet. Having made a bet that Ambush would win as a result, Charlie now has a debt to Ricky that he can't pay—which he runs out on. After the fight, Charlie

recovering each time. Late in the fourth round, Atom's vocal-respond controls are damaged, forcing Charlie to use its visual ""shadow function"" to make it visually mimic his boxing skills. This, and the fact that Zeus starts running out of power from its constant offense, tip the odds in Atom's favor, forcing Zeus' programmer to manually control it, and Max and Bailey both watch Charlie doing what he was meant to do, and are touched by seeing him literally fighting for his son. Zeus gets a sound beating, once even hitting the ground and barely avoiding losing by knockout, but survives

to witness the fight. Zeus starts the fight by knocking Atom down with its first punch, but Atom gets up, and Zeus continues its assault, knocking Atom down multiple times. However, each time Atom gets back up, and eventually is able to land its first punch allowing Atom to survive the first round. Ricky, who had made a bet with a friend of Charlie's of $100,000 that Atom would not last the round, tries to slip away, but is cornered by the fight's bookmakers. The fight continues with Atom landing multiple punches but also getting knocked down many times and

World Robot Boxing against national champion ""Twin Cities"". After reaching the arena, the owner of global champion ""Zeus"" offers to buy Atom, which Max instantly rejects. Charlie disagrees, but eventually takes Max's side. The fight starts with Atom on the attack, but Twin Cities easily takes the offensive and corners Atom. While their opponent has no blind spot, Charlie notices a hitch whenever Twin Cities throws a right jab. Using this, Charlie is able to get Atom out of the corner and eventually win by knockout. Elated by their success, Max challenges Zeus, publicly, with the audience squarely on their

learns that his ex-girlfriend died and he must attend a hearing deciding the future of their son, Max Kenton, whom Charlie has had almost zero contact with and complete apathy towards since he was born. There, Max's aunt, Debra, and her wealthy husband, Marvin, request full custody, which Charlie concedes for $100,000, half in advance, on the condition that Charlie retains Max for three months while they are on vacation and the other half when they return. Thereupon, Charlie, Max, and Bailey Tallet, the daughter of Charlie's former boxing coach, acquire the once-famous ""Noisy Boy"", but it is destroyed in

side. After the fight, Ricky and his two henchmen ambush Charlie for bailing earlier and rob them of their winnings, prompting Charlie to return Max to Debra. This upsets Max, and when Charlie tries to convince him that living without him is better for Max, Max says he always wanted Charlie to fight for him and be there as a father. After Max leaves, Charlie returns to Bailey. While talking with her about the events, the two kiss, revealing their attraction to each other. Persuaded by Bailey, Charlie arranges the challenge offered by Max and convinces Debra to allow Max

"Final Fu"
The four individuals with the lowest overall scores departed the competition. They were: Chris Brewster, Ilram Choi, Justin Cox, and Brian Hilliard The two final contestants for Friday were Daniel Sterling and Jackson Spidell. One three round fight between these two determined fighters would decide the winner of the month-long competition. After a very close fight, with both competitors putting it all on the line, Sterling won the final match with a score of 126 points over Spidell's 118. The win earned Sterling $25,000 dollars, trips to Japan, Korea, and China, and the title of the Final Fu. The show

the final round and wins the match by the judges' decision. The technologically superior machine remains undefeated, but with the humiliation of being fought to a near-loss, to which Atom is hailed the ""People's Champion"". Based on Richard Matheson's 1956 short story ""Steel."" The original screenplay was written by Dan Gilroy and was purchased by DreamWorks for $850,000 in 2003 or 2005 (sources differ). The project was one of 17 that DreamWorks took from Paramount Pictures when they split in 2008. Director Peter Berg expressed interest in the project in mid-2009 but went no further. Levy was attached to the

a subsequent fight against ""Midas"". As he and Charlie attempt to scavenge parts to make a new robot from a junkyard, Max discovers ""Atom"", an obsolete but intact sparring robot designed to withstand severe damage, that is capable of mirroring opponent and handler movements and storing them in its memory due to its rare ""shadow function"". At Max's behest, Charlie pits Atom against ""Metro"", whom Atom overcomes. Max programs Noisy Boy's vocal-respond controls in Atom, and convinces Charlie to help him with Atom's fighting move memory, resulting in a series of victories and culminating to being offered a fight in

"Undisputed II: Last Man Standing"
goes on too long. Chambers alters his strategy and manages to get Boyka in a joint lock and ends the fight by breaking Boyka's leg, proving that he is the undisputed new champion of the prison. Shortly thereafter, Chambers is released from prison and uses his winnings to buy Crot's freedom as well. In a final scene, he wheels Crot to a train station to meet with his estranged niece in a happy reunion. Crot thanks Chambers for giving him the remainder of the winnings to start his life again, while Chambers expresses his gratitude for the help and training.

published a treatise on perspective della pitture (or on painting) in 1435

"De pictura"
De pictura De pictura (English: ""On Painting"") is a treatise written by the Italian architect and art theorist Leon Battista Alberti. The first version, written in vernacular Italian in 1435 under the title Della pittura, was for a general audience. The Latin version, the ""De pictura"" of 1439–41, was more technical and intended for scholars. The work is the first in a trilogy of treatises on the ""Major arts"" which had a widespread circulation during the Renaissance, the others being ""De re aedificatoria"" (""On Architecture"", 1454) and ""De statua"" (""On Sculpture"", 1462). Alberti was a member of Florentine family exiled

"Andrea Pozzo"
His canvases show him to be a far less compelling a painter at close inspection. Pozzo published his artistic ideas in a noted theoretical work, entitled ""Perspectiva pictorum et architectorum"" (2 volumes, 1693, 1698) illustrated with 118 engravings, dedicated to emperor Leopold I. In it he offered instruction in painting architectural perspectives and stage-sets. The work was one of the earliest manuals on perspective for artists and architects and went into many editions, even into the 19th century, and has been translated from the original Latin and Italian into numerous languages such as French, German, English and, Chinese thanks to

15th century. Artists however found their own ways to paint with restraint, rather than following Alberti's actual instructions directly. Similarly, he encouraged artists to add black when modelling shapes, rather than only adding white as Cennino Cennini had advised in his c. 1390 ""Il Libro dell'Arte"". This advice had the effect of making Italian renaissance paintings more sombre. Alberti was here perhaps following Pliny's description of the dark varnish used by Apelles. De pictura De pictura (English: ""On Painting"") is a treatise written by the Italian architect and art theorist Leon Battista Alberti. The first version, written in vernacular Italian

"Paolo Uccello"
Paolo Uccello Paolo Uccello (; 1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. In his book ""Lives of the Artists"" Giorgio Vasari wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point. While his contemporaries used perspective to narrate different or succeeding stories, Uccello used perspective to create a feeling of depth in his paintings. His best known works are the three paintings representing the

"Matteo Zaccolini"
""Geniuses of our order and most admirable men of his age”. Bellori described him as a master of perspective and optics, and as having instructed Domenichino, Gagliardi, Circignani, and Cavaliere d’Arpino among others. Zaccolini was a fervent admirer of Leonardo da Vinci. According to Zaccolini's early biographer Cassiano dal Pozzo, the earliest version of the manuscript was written in mirror-script which, like the manuscript's content, revealed the influence of the writings of Leonardo. Matteo Zaccolini Matteo Zaccolini (April 1574 – 13 July 1630) was an Italian painter, priest and author of the late Mannerist and early Baroque periods. He was

columns. In collaboration with Giuseppe Agellio and Cristoforo Roncalli, he painted in San Silvestro al Quirinale. He joined the Theatine order in 1603. From then on, he worked solely in Theatine projects, in Naples and Rome. He is best known for a four volume treatise, written 1618–1622, on the theory of painting with titles: ""De Colori"", ""Prospettiva del Colore"", ""Prospettiva lineale"", and ""Della Descrittione dell'Ombre prodotte da corpi opachi rettilinei"". These works, while not in general circulation, gained him renown among eclectic circles in Rome. In 1666, the historian and fellow Theatine Giuseppe Silos described Zaccolini as one of the

Matteo Zaccolini Matteo Zaccolini (April 1574 – 13 July 1630) was an Italian painter, priest and author of the late Mannerist and early Baroque periods. He was a mathematical theorist on perspective. He is also called ""Zacolini"" and ""Zocolino"". Born in Cesena, he was a pupil of the local painter Francesco Masini, and became a Theatine priest. He was a protégé of Cardinal Vincenzo Giustiniani, who was renowned for his patronage of painters, including Caravaggio, Nicolas Poussin and Domenichino. Zaccolini collaborated with Baldassare Croce with the quadratura frescoes in the church of Santa Susanna, where he painted the trompe l'oeil

Book II: a survey of types of painting for teenage trainees in a workshop Book III: advice to the adult painter on how to perfect his skill ""De pictura"" aimed to describe systematically the figurative arts through ""geometry"". Alberti divided painting into three parts: The treatise contained an analysis of all the techniques and painting theories known at the time, in this surpassing medieval works such as ""The book of Art"" by Cennino Cennini (1390). ""De pictura"" also includes the first description of linear geometric perspective around 1416; Alberti credited the discovery to Brunelleschi, and dedicated the 1435 edition to

"Piero della Francesca"
d'Abaco)"", ""Short Book on the Five Regular Solids (Libellus de Quinque Corporibus Regularibus)"" and ""On Perspective for Painting"" (""De Prospectiva Pingendi""). The subjects covered in these writings include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and innovative work in both solid geometry and perspective. Much of Piero’s work was later absorbed into the writing of others, notably Luca Pacioli. Piero’s work on solid geometry appears in Pacioli’s ""De divina proportione"", a work illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci. Biographers of his patron, Federico da Montefeltro of Urbino, record that he was encouraged to pursue the interest in perspective which was shared by the Duke. In

"Lodovico Dolce"
Lodovico Dolce Lodovico Dolce (1508/10–1568) was an Italian man of letters and theorist of painting. He was a broadly-based Venetian humanist and prolific author, translator and editor; he is now mostly remembered for his ""Dialogue on Painting"" or ""L'Aretino"" (1557), and his involvement in artistic controversies of the day. He became a friend of Titian, and often acted as in effect his public relations man. The date of Dolce's birth, long accepted as 1508, has been more likely set in 1510. Dolce's youth was difficult. His father, a former steward to the public attorneys (""castaldo delle procuratorie"") for the Republic

"Bhalji Pendharkar"
Government. Bhalji Pendharkar Bhalji Pendharkar (3 May 1897 – 26 November 1994) was a film personality in India, and recipient of Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the most prestigious award in the field. Born to Radhabai and her patron Dr Gopal Pendharkar, Bhalji was related to quite a few film personalities in Indian film industry.A number of his close relations achieved fame in the Indian film industry.They include his elder brother Baburao Pendharkar, half-brother and actor-Director, Master Vinayak Karnataki, and maternal cousin V Shantaram. Bhalji had two wives. One of whom, Leela Chandragiri, acted and sang in Hindi and Marathi films in

"Anand Patwardhan"
Festival honored Patwardhan with an Inspiration Award which it also conferred upon filmmaking legends like Dziga Vertov, Luis Buñuel, Agnes Varda, Chris Marker, Jean Rouch, D.A.Pennebaker and Patricio Guzman in the same year. In 2014 the Mumbai International Film Festival honored him with the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award. Upon being asked in a BFI interview to deliver a message for future documentary filmmakers, Patwardhan famously replied, """"No message really. Do it only if it burns when you don't."""" Oscar Academy Anand Patwardhan Anand Patwardhan (born 18 February 1950) is an Indian documentary filmmaker known for his socio-political, human rights-oriented

"Dadasaheb Phalke Award"
of India to commemorate Dadasaheb Phalke's contribution to Indian cinema. Phalke (1870–1944), who is popularly known as and often regarded as ""the father of Indian cinema"", was an Indian film-maker who directed India's first full-length feature film, ""Raja Harishchandra"" (1913). The first recipient of the award was actress Devika Rani, who was honoured at the 17th National Film Awards. , there have been 49 awardees. Among those, actor Prithviraj Kapoor (1971) and actor Vinod Khanna (2017) are the only posthumous recipients. His actor-filmmaker son, Raj Kapoor, accepted the award on his behalf at the 19th National Film Awards in 1971

Bhalji Pendharkar Bhalji Pendharkar (3 May 1897 – 26 November 1994) was a film personality in India, and recipient of Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the most prestigious award in the field. Born to Radhabai and her patron Dr Gopal Pendharkar, Bhalji was related to quite a few film personalities in Indian film industry.A number of his close relations achieved fame in the Indian film industry.They include his elder brother Baburao Pendharkar, half-brother and actor-Director, Master Vinayak Karnataki, and maternal cousin V Shantaram. Bhalji had two wives. One of whom, Leela Chandragiri, acted and sang in Hindi and Marathi films in 1930s

"Dadasaheb Phalke"
lifetime contribution to cinema, was instituted in his honour by the Government of India in 1969. The award is one of the most prestigious awards in Indian cinema and is the highest official recognition for film personalities in the country. A postage stamp bearing his likeness was released by India Post to honour him in 1971. An honorary award from the ""Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Mumbai"" was introduced in the year 2001, for lifetime achievement in Indian cinema. Dhundiraj Phalke was born on 30 April 1870 at Trimbak, Maharashtra (then Bombay Presidency) into a Marathi-speaking Chitpavan Brahmin family. His father, Govind

"Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna"
with the decision. Later, the government accepted all the recommendations ""as an exception"" and jointly awarded Beenamol and Bhagwat for the year 2002. In August 2013, the selection committee headed by Michael Ferreira recommended sport shooter Ronjan Sodhi for the award, with some committee members questioning the process of selection. A committee member noted that discus thrower Krishna Poonia, and Paralympic athlete H. N. Girisha were shortlisted and Sodhi was not the initial choice. However, Girisha's name was removed, and the final voting was done between Sodhi and Poonia. Poonia was accused of lobbying for the award by one of

"Soumitra Chatterjee"
of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. In 2014, he received the introductory Filmfare Awards East for Best Male Actor (Critics) for his role in ""Rupkatha Noy"". & also he won Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South (1994) Actor Soumitra Chatterjee, 82, will be honoured with France’s highest civilian award, Legion of Honor. The award will be presented to the Kolkata-based actor by the Ambassador of France to India Alexandre Ziegler. Talking about the honour, Chatterjee said, “At this age, awards do not hold a great attraction. But I should say this award is slightly special as it comes

"Dev Anand"
Pani"" and ""Guide"", the latter being India's official entry to the Oscars. Winner Winner Dev Anand Dharamdev Pishorimal Anand (26 September 1923 – 3 December 2011), known as Dev Anand, was a noted Indian film actor, writer, director and producer known for his work in Indian cinema. He is considered as one of the greatest and most successful actors in the Indian film industry. Dev was born Dharam Dev Anand on 26 September 1923 in the Shakargarh tehsil of the Gurdaspur district in Punjab (British India). His father Pishori Lal Anand was a well-to-do advocate in Gurdaspur District Court. Dev

Award which is India's highest award for cinema. In 2017 exactly thirty years after auteur Satyajit Ray was honoured with France's highest civilian award, the coveted Legion of Honor, thespian Soumitra Chatterjee, arguably, the most prominent face of Ray's films, also received the prestigious award. Starting with his debut film, ""Apur Sansar"" (The World of Apu, 1959), the third part of ""Apu Trilogy"", he went on to work in several notable films with Ray, including ""Abhijan"" (The Expedition, 1962), ""Charulata"" (The Lonely Wife, 1964), ""Aranyer Din Ratri"" (Days and Nights in the Forest, 1969); ""Ashani Sanket"" (Distant Thunder, 1973); ""Sonar

"Monday Night Football"
Latin America, while a Portuguese version airs on ESPN Brasil. Per an NFL broadcasting policy intended to allow those who do not subscribe to cable or satellite television to see games televised by a pay television network, the games are also made available on over-the-air television stations in each participating team's local market. In 2011, ESPN extended its contract for the show for an additional eight seasons, giving it rights to the broadcasts until 2021. The new deal, valued around 15 billion, also gives ESPN rights to expanded highlights, international, and streaming rights. After 45 seasons, there have been over

left the network at the end of the 2005 season. The game, announced by the broadcast team of Tirico, Gruden and Salters, was the first of the 2015–16 NFL playoffs. The Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Houston Texans 30–0. The ESPN/ABC simulcast continued for both the 2016 season, and the 2017 season as well. ABC televised the Pro Bowl from 1975 to 1987, and again from 1995 to 2003. As part of their 2011 rights agreement, ESPN was given the exclusive rights to the Pro Bowl from 2015 through 2022. Starting in 2018, it will be simulcast on ABC. Monday

is once again seen just before the opening kickoff. Due to the Thousand Oaks shooting, and the then-ongoing Northern California wildfires, the opening intro was not shown during the November 12 broadcast between Pro Bowl WR Odell Beckham Jr. and the New York Giants and Super Bowl-winning CB Richard Sherman and the San Francisco 49ers and also, the historic Chiefs-Rams game the following week (November 19). In the case of the latter, it was originally scheduled to be played at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, but was moved to the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (the Rams' current home stadium, which

telecasts; much of the series took place on a fictional college campus). Except for Seattle and Portland from 1970 to 1995, ABC World News Tonight was routinely preempted on most West Coast affiliates, though the ABC network-owned stations (e.g. Los Angeles) aired the program earlier in the afternoon. Since ESPN took over the coverage in 2006, games normally have a kickoff time of 8:30 pm. Eastern. However, when ESPN airs a doubleheader during the first week of the season, the games respectively start at 7:00 and 10:15 pm. Eastern. There have been issues with local stations in the ESPN era,

Monday Night Football ESPN Monday Night Football (abbreviated as MNF and also known as ESPN Monday Night Football on ABC for rare live special broadcast) is a live television broadcast of weekly National Football League (NFL) games on ESPN in the United States. From to , it aired on sister broadcast network ABC. ""Monday Night Football"" was, along with ""Hallmark Hall of Fame"" and the Walt Disney anthology television series, one of the longest-running prime time programs ever on commercial network television, and one of the highest-rated, particularly among male viewers. ""MNF"" is preceded on air by ""Monday Night Countdown"".

the game at 8:20 pm. This was done mainly to address ABC's inability to find a suitable 8:00 p.m. lead-in program for ""MNF"" since ""MacGyver"" ended its run in 1992 (not even two other series from ""MacGyver""s production company Paramount Television – ""The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles"" and ""The Marshal"" – saw success, despite the former's ties to Paramount's ""Indiana Jones"" film series), and to allow stations to start their late local newscasts nearer to their regular times. Poor ratings caused this experiment to be dropped after one season, with ""MNF"" once again moving to 9:00 p.m. in , though

programs scheduled for prime time on the East Coast were broadcast at various hours on the West Coast. Most affiliates pushed the network shows to immediately after the game; however, Los Angeles owned-and-operated station KABC-TV postponed them until 10:00 p.m. from at least the mid-1990s until 2005 to show trivia contests and other sports shows produced locally (the longest-tenured such show was ""Monday Night Live"", hosted by sports anchor Todd Donoho). Meanwhile, KOMO, one of the stations that tape-delayed ""MNF"" in most cases, broadcast new episodes of the sitcom ""Coach"" on Saturday afternoons (usually reserved, coincidentally enough, for college football

where stations in each team's home market that air the ESPN simulcast are in most cases ABC affiliates, which must pre-empt ""Dancing with the Stars"" to air NFL. This both forces the affiliate to air that program immediately after late-evening local newscasts, ""Jimmy Kimmel Live"", and ""Nightline"" and has resulted in the program's telephone and Internet voting coordinators keeping a late-night voting window open for the market or markets where ""Dancing with the Stars"" was pre-empted. In some cases, the program is moved to a sister station of the ABC affiliate to air live instead (for example, until 2011 in

"J. Frank Dalton"
J. Frank Dalton John Frank Dalton (March 8, 1848August 15, 1951) was a man who, in the last few years (1948-1951) of his long life, publicly claimed to be the famous outlaw Jesse James. However, most professional historians believe that Dalton was merely a Jesse James impostor, and that the real Jesse James was killed by Robert ""Bob"" Ford on April 3, 1882, in a house Jesse was renting located at 1318 Lafayette Street in St. Joseph, Missouri. With the death of Jesse James in 1882, and the subsequent death of his (Dalton's) wife Julia Ellen Groshon during childbirth in

"William Gaminara"
Thieves"". William Gaminara and his wife, Kate Lock, have two sons, Joe and Fred. Joe Gaminara is also an actor, following his father into Casualty, in the role of junior doctor Eddie McAllister. William Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series ""Silent Witness"", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate

Dalton was the older brother to the infamous Dalton Gang members and a touring member of Wild Bill Hickok’s Wild West show. The real Frank Dalton was believed to have died Nov. 27, 1887 while in the line of duty. In ""The Crittenden Memoirs"" (1936), a man who refers to himself as ""Frank Dalton"" writes in detail about the death of Jesse James, claiming that he (Dalton) was present when reporters, law enforcement officers, and locals gathered to witness the scene, and where Bob Ford confessed. Dalton demonstrates an awareness of the general lack of understanding surrounding the details of

that Dalton really was the famous outlaw Jesse James. J. Frank Dalton was buried in the Granbury Cemetery at Granbury, Hood County, Texas. Hardcastle and the three James brothers decided to request an exhumation order from the Hood County (Texas) Court, so they could have Dalton's remains exhumed and DNA-tested in an attempt to determine - once and for all - if Dalton really was Jesse James. Attorneys for Hardcastle and his associates filed a request for an exhumation order with the Hood County Clerk's Office on June 14, 1996. At the exhumation hearing held in September 1996, Hood County

William Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series ""Silent Witness"", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate Lock, and together they have two sons, Joe and Fred. They live in London. Gaminara plays Dr Richard Locke in the long-running radio soap opera, ""The Archers"". He also voices audiobooks, including Bernard

"Leo Ryan"
other related counts. At that time, he was eligible for parole in five years. On June 3, 1987, Layton's motion to set aside the conviction ""on the ground that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel during his second trial"" was denied by the United States District Court of the Northern District of California. After spending 18 years in prison, Layton was released from custody in April 2002. In honor of Leo Ryan, Veterans for Peace Chapter 124 was named after him. VFP 124 Leo J. Ryan Memorial. Leo Ryan's body was returned to the United States and interred

result of misplaced headstones, and so the mystery remained unresolved. Hardcastle appears to have moved on to other endeavors, abandoning any further attempts to exhume the remains. J. Frank Dalton John Frank Dalton (March 8, 1848August 15, 1951) was a man who, in the last few years (1948-1951) of his long life, publicly claimed to be the famous outlaw Jesse James. However, most professional historians believe that Dalton was merely a Jesse James impostor, and that the real Jesse James was killed by Robert ""Bob"" Ford on April 3, 1882, in a house Jesse was renting located at 1318 Lafayette

"Leo Wyatt"
up in Burlingame, a southern suburb of San Francisco. Leo was a medic for the United States Army in World War II with a dream to become a doctor. While taking part in the Battle of Guadalcanal on November 14, 1942, two of his friends with whom he grew up, Nathan and Rick Lang, were killed and Leo blamed himself for their deaths as he felt he abandoned them when he left to help other wounded soldiers in the field. Upon his own death a short time later, Leo was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor and became a Whitelighter

"Michael Bruce Ross"
a special last meal before facing his execution, thereby dining on the regular prison meal of the day: turkey à la king with rice, mixed vegetables, white bread, fruit, and a beverage. When asked if he would like to make a last statement, he said, without opening his eyes, ""No, thank you."" Ross was pronounced dead at 2:25 a.m. His remains were buried at the Benedictine Grange Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut. After the execution, Dr. Stuart Grassian, a psychiatrist who had argued that Ross was not competent to waive appeal, received a letter from Ross dated May 10, 2005, which

"James Orange"
B. Fowler, 74, was indicted for the death of Jackson. Living witnesses and tapes of the day of the killing were expected to be used at his trial. The 1965 uproar over Jackson's shooting during Orange's incarceration soon led to the famed Selma to Montgomery marches, including the infamous police brutality on ""Bloody Sunday"", and the passage of the Voting Rights Act later that year. He died at age 65 at Crawford Long Hospital in Atlanta after being admitted to the hospital for gallbladder surgery the previous week. Orange was a project coordinator at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from

"Grammy Award records"
Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984. The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively. In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and

Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. Georg Solti has won a total of 31 Grammy Awards. Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards. U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards. Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were

LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy. Taylor Swift is the youngest solo artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album ""Fearless"". Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for ""Joined At The Hip"" at 97 years of age. Santana's ""Supernatural"" and U2's ""How to Dismantle an Atomic

"Olivia Newton-John albums discography"
Olivia Newton-John albums discography The albums discography of British-Australian recording artist Olivia Newton-John consists of twenty-eight studio albums, six live albums, seventeen compilations and four soundtracks. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other Top Ten ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles, and two number-one ""Billboard"" 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and fourteen of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time.

Grammy history to accomplish this twice. The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's ""Supernatural"" was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album. Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album

"Garth Brooks"
He is also one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 170 million records. , Brooks is now the only artist in music history to have released seven albums that achieved diamond status in the United States (surpassing the Beatles' record of six); those albums are ""Garth Brooks"" (10× platinum), ""No Fences"" (17× platinum), ""Ropin' the Wind"" (14× platinum), ""The Hits"" (10× platinum), ""Sevens"" (10× platinum), ""Double Live"" (21× platinum), and ""The Ultimate Hits"" (10× platinum). Since 1989, Brooks has released 22 records in all, which include: 12 studio albums, two live albums, three compilation

"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)"
States when it was certified 26× platinum on November 10, 1999. In a 2001 radio interview, Randy Meisner said neither he nor Bernie Leadon were notified of the award presented to the band in 1999, and ""...had to call and we finally received it."" It was certified 29x Multi-Platinum on January 30, 2006. According Nielsen Soundscan, which started collecting sales data in 1991, ""Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)"" sold just over 5 million albums in the United States since 1991, although RIAA certifications indicate 17 millions albums shipped between 1990 and 2006. On August 20, 2018, the album was certified 38x

"Katy Perry discography"
Katy Perry discography American singer Katy Perry has released five studio albums, one live album, two extended plays (EP), 27 singles (including three as featured artist), and five promotional singles. Perry has been certified for 98 million digital singles and 6 million albums in the United States. She is also the fourth best selling digital singles artist in the US according to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Throughout her career, Perry has sold over 40 million albums and 125 million singles globally. She currently holds the record for most 5-million-selling singles in the United States, with six of her

Presley releases consisted of 108 singles, 30 extended-play singles, 70 albums on RCA Records, four albums on the Pickwick budget label, and five singles on the Sun Records label. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) began to certify gold albums and singles in 1958, and Elvis Presley's first RIAA award, a gold single for ""Hard Headed Woman"", was certified on August 11, 1958. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, the largest presentation of gold and platinum record awards in history. According to Presley's record label, RCA, he is the best

"Southern Victory"
(In reality, these mutinies — caused by French soldiers' disgust at being ordered into suicidal and utterly pointless attacks across ""no-man's"" land — resulted in the French Army command agreeing to order no more offensives in exchange for French soldiers continuing to fight only defensively until the Hundred Days Offensive.) Without the U.S. troops, this causes France to surrender. The Russian Empire is threatened by revolution and anarchy (similarly to our timeline), leaving only the Confederate States and Great Britain to fight against the United States, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Italy remains neutral and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) lately joins the

American military activity in the South virtually collapsed. The states carried on their governmental functions, and the war was carried on by partisans such as Francis Marion, Thomas Sumter, William R. Davie, Andrew Pickens, and Elijah Clarke. General Clinton turned over British operations in the South to Lord Cornwallis. The Continental Congress dispatched General Horatio Gates, the victor of Saratoga, to the South with a new army, but Gates promptly suffered one of the worst defeats in U.S. military history at the Battle of Camden (August 16, 1780). Cornwallis prepared to invade North Carolina. Cornwallis' attempts to raise Loyalists in

"Battle of Culloden"
Elizabeth, a daughter of James VI and I. Raising an army consisting mostly of Scottish clansmen along with smaller units of Irish and Englishmen from the Manchester Regiment, Charles' efforts initially met with success and at one point began to threaten London. However, a series of events forced the army's return to Scotland, where they were soon pursued by an army raised by the Duke of Cumberland. The two forces eventually met at Culloden, on terrain that made the highland charge difficult and gave the larger and well-armed British forces the advantage. The battle lasted only an hour, with the

Union mining town after successfully occupying the newly purchased Mexican provinces. Meanwhile, Union Colonel George Armstrong Custer launches a raid from Kansas into Sequoyah, using Gatling guns against Kiowa Indians and Confederate cavalry. The United Kingdom and France, both Confederate allies, blockade and bombard US port cities such as Boston and New York City During the war, the Mormons in Utah Territory rebel by severing transcontinental communication, and transportation around Salt Lake City is disrupted. John Pope is appointed as the military governor, puts down the revolt, and imposes martial law. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is

fall into Union hands. The resulting Confederate advance catches McClellan and the Union Army by surprise. General Lee forces McClellan into a battle on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania and destroys the Army of the Potomac in the Battle of Camp Hill on October 1, 1862. After this decisive Confederate victory, Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia move eastward to occupy Philadelphia. The Confederate States of America earn diplomatic recognition from the United Kingdom and France. The two European nations force mediation on the United States; the Confederate States achieve independence. This War of Secession ends

led by Major General Dowling, threatens to capture the main extermination camp in Snyder, Texas and expose its operations to the world. The naval war remains inconclusive. The U.S. beats back a Japanese attack against the Sandwich Islands and achieves an advantage in the Pacific. In the Atlantic, the main activity is preventing British convoys from bringing supplies to the Canadian underground. The Royal Navy and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet meet in battle late in 1942, with both sides claiming victory. Britain and France are still bogged down in western Germany, while Confederate newspapers report that the Russians

Battle of Culloden The Battle of Culloden (; ) was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart were decisively defeated by Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, near Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. Queen Anne, the last monarch of the House of Stuart, died in 1714, with no living children. Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover, who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother,

through Preston and Manchester, reaching Derby on 4 December. There had been no sign of a French landing or any significant number of English recruits, while they risked being caught between two armies, each one twice their size; Cumberland's, advancing north from London, and Wade's moving south from Newcastle upon Tyne; despite Charles' opposition, the Council was overwhelmingly in favour of retreat and turned north the next day. Apart from a minor skirmish at Clifton Moor, the Jacobite army evaded pursuit and crossed back into Scotland on 20 December. Entering England and returning was a considerable military achievement and morale

Low Countries succeeds beyond all expectations. The Belgians welcome the Entente as liberators. The Dutch, though more pro-German, are brushed aside, and some of the North German Plain was overrun. Yet victory does not follow. Churchill's plan for a British end-run through Norway fails spectacularly, and does nothing more than drive the Norwegians into the ""Central Powers"" camp. France proves unable to cross the Rhine and the Germans on that front soon rally. Austria-Hungary, despite its clear weakness, remains united, and though Bulgaria wavers as a German ally, she never abandons Berlin entirely. Only the Low Countries campaign still shows

harbor to make a boom for its defense. Inside the city, General Lincoln commanded about 2,650 Continentals and 2,500 militiamen. When British colonel Banastre Tarleton cut off the city's supply lines in victories at Moncks Corner in April and Lenud's Ferry in early May, Charleston was surrounded. Clinton began constructing siege lines. On March 11 he commenced the bombardment of the town. On May 12, 1780, General Lincoln surrendered his 5,000 men—the largest surrender of U.S. troops until the American Civil War. With relatively few casualties, Clinton had seized the South's biggest city and seaport, winning perhaps the greatest British

"The Fate of the Furious: The Album"
The Fate of the Furious: The Album The Fate of the Furious: The Album is the soundtrack album to ""The Fate of the Furious"". It was released on April 14, 2017, by the Artist Publishing Group, Atlantic Records and Universal Music Group, in conjunction of the film's US theatrical release. It was promoted by six singles: ""Go Off"", ""Hey Ma"", ""Good Life"", ""Gang Up"", ""Horses"", and ""Candy Paint"". The first single of the album ""Go Off"", was released on March 2, 2017. The song was performed by Lil Uzi Vert, Quavo and Travis Scott. The second single, ""Hey Ma"", was

18, 2011, the band revealed that an album titled ""Vices & Virtues"" would officially be released on March 22, 2011. The album was produced by Butch Walker and John Feldmann. The record's first single, ""The Ballad of Mona Lisa"", was released digitally on February 1, 2011, with the music video being released February 8, 2011. ""Vices & Virtues"" was officially released March 22, 2011, to relatively positive critical reviews. The band began touring in support of the album, christened the ""Vices & Virtues"" Tour, in earnest beginning in February 2011. The tour has sported the same electric, over-the-top theatricality the

"Mass Manipulation"
influences, she stated: To promote ""Mass Manipulation"", the album's four singles were released on the Friday of each week up until its release. Its lead single, ""Relax"" was released on July 7, 2017, ""Diluted Brains"" on July 14, 2017, ""Premonition"" on July 21, 2017, and ""Drugs!"" on July 28, 2017. On August 4, 2017, the album was released exclusively as a digital download on international digital stores through Mau5trap. After the album's official release, Rezz began her ""Mass Manipulation World Tour"" on September 2, 2017. To further promote the album's release, a music video for the first and third singles

"Royal Coda (album)"
March 29, along with the official announcement of their debut studio album, with a scheduled release date of April 27, 2018. A third single, ""Breathe Correct"", was released on April 12, 2018, which premiered on Substream Magazine. ""Royal Coda"" was made available to stream a day before its release date, on April 26, 2018, on New Noise Magazine. In support of the debut release, Royal Coda performed their first two concerts at Family Vacation Music Festival in Sacramento, California on May 19 and at Chain Reaction in Anaheim, California on May 20, 2018. The band also toured as support on

Masseduction
Masseduction Masseduction (stylized in all caps) is the fifth studio album by American musician St. Vincent. It was released on October 13, 2017, through Loma Vista Recordings. The album peaked at number 10 on the ""Billboard"" 200, becoming her first top ten album in the United States. The album also received universal acclaim and was the fourth-most mentioned in critics' year-end lists for 2017. ""New York"" was released as the lead single from the album on June 30, 2017. The album was announced on September 6 along with a pre-order and the release of the second single, ""Los Ageless"". The

also performed as a headliner at the Reading and Leeds Festival 2018 which lasted over the weekend from August 24 to 26, 2018. On August 27, 2018, the band dropped the music video for the single ""High Hopes"". On September 22, 2018, the band announced that longtime touring guitarist Kenneth Harris would be dismissed following multiple allegations of sexual misconduct involving underage fans. Harris' replacement was announced to be former Sparks the Rescue guitarist Mike Naran on October 6, 2018. Panic! at the Disco have been known to change their sound each album. Musically, they have mainly been described as

lineup. In April 2015, ""Hallelujah"" was released as the first single from Panic! at the Disco's fifth studio album, ""Death of a Bachelor"" (2016). In December 2017, Weekes officially announced his departure from the band. He was replaced in March 2018 by Nicole Row. Later that same month, the band released ""Say Amen (Saturday Night)"", the lead single from their sixth studio album, ""Pray for the Wicked"" (2018), which was released in June. In September 2018, Harris was dismissed following multiple allegations of sexual misconduct, and was replaced by Mike Naran. Panic! at the Disco was formed in 2004 in

who directed the iconic animated short educational film ek anek aur ekta

"Ek Anek Aur Ekta"
Ek Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or ""One, Many, and Unity"" (also known as ""Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan"" after the title song) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India (Government of India). It was released in 1974. It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children. The film was intended to teach the value of unity and teamwork to children (Unity in Diversity). It also contains the message of how India is stronger if its citizens stand united, regardless of cultural differences. It begins with

""Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan"". The assistants were S.M. Hasan, Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao. The film won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film., and it was the first film from the animation studios of then Center for Education Technology. The film also won the Best Children's Film award in Japan. The film is considered to be one of India's greatest examples of animation story-telling, and well remembered by the 80s generation as a classic illustration of ""Anekta mein Ekta"". Ek Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or ""One, Many, and Unity"" (also known as ""Ek Chidiya, Anek

a group of children playing in a garden with one of them asking his elder sister, ""Didi, yeh anek kya hota hai?"", or in English, ""Sis, what do you mean by Many?"". The rest of the film is the sister's reply, using a metaphorical story of how a group of birds escape a bird catcher by uniting to recruit their friends, a group of mice. The film was directed by Vijaya Mulay. The film's design, animation and creation was done by Bhimsain Khurana. The lyrics of ""Hind Desh ke Niwasi"" were written by Pandit Vinay Chandra Maudgalya. Sadhna Sargam sang

"Vijaya Mulay"
Vijaya Mulay Vijaya Mulay (born 16 May 1921) is a documentary filmmaker, film historian, writer, educationist and researcher. Her close friendships with Satyajit Ray, Louis Malle, Mrinal Sen and other film personalities have given her a unique perspective into Indian cinema and influenced her work. Her body of work has shaped how India is viewed by Indian and non-Indian filmmakers. She is the mother of National Award winning actor Suhasini Mulay and noted high energy physicist Atul Gurtu is her son-in-law. Vijaya Mulay is remembered for her animation film ""Ek Anek Aur Ekta"" which won the National Film Award for

Ekhoni
Ekhoni Ekhoni (also ""Ekhonee""; English: ""Right Now"") is a 1971 Bengali film directed by Tapan Sinha, starring Aparna Sen, Moushumi Chatterjee, Chinmoy Roy and others. Based on an award-winning novel of the same name by Ramapada Chowdhury, ""Ekhoni"" was one of the earliest films to address the problems of urban youth, and to replace the individual hero by a collective protagonist. At the 19th National Film Awards, it won the National Award for Best Screenplay. It also won two BFJA Awards. The film follows a group of young, college-going men and women. They spend much of their time hanging out

produce test modules for children in the 6 to 9 age group. In 1975, Vijaya was asked to head the CET – Center for Educational Technology to prepare educational films for broadcast to over 2400 villages in rural districts and programming in 4 languages. Ek Anek Aur Ekta, the 1974 animation film Scripted and Directed by Vijaya Mulay and Produced by Center for Educational Technology is very popular amongst the many generations of Indians. The CET, NCERT projects equipped her to later continue research on the field of education and on using media for development. After her retirement from NCERT,

"N. Chandra"
N. Chandra N. Chandra or Chandrashekhar Narvekar (born 4 April 1952) is an Indian producer, writer and director, known for gritty realism, in his early dark and loud films such as ""Ankush"", ""Pratighaat"", ""Tezaab"" and ""Narsimha"" (1991). Chandra also made the successful but critically scorned ""Style"" and its sequel ""Xcuse Me"". He was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra, Chandra grew up in a middle-class neighbourhood in Worli Naka. After his schooling, he started his career as a film editor at Film Centre in Tardeo, Mumbai, where his father worked. His received break in film industry came in 1971, as a clapper

"Laakhon Mein Ek"
Laakhon Mein Ek Laakhon Mein Ek () is an Indian web television series created by Biswa Kalyan Rath, produced by OML Production and starring Ritwik Sahore, Alam Khan and Jay Thakkar. It is a Amazon Prime Video original series and premiered on 13 October 2017. The show is about the struggles of Aakash, a teenage student from Raipur who is sent to a coaching centre ""Genius Infinity"" in Visakhapatnam for preparation of IIT entrance exam. Aakash Gupta wants to make mimicry videos and become a internet sensation, but his father wants him to be an IITian and an engineer. He

"Eka Peksha Ek"
Eka Peksha Ek Eka Peksha Ek (Devnagari: 'एका पेक्षा एक' ) is a 1990 Action, comedy, Mystery Marathi film directed by Sachin released in India in 1990. The movie stars Lakshmikant Berde as deaf and Sachin as blind. The movie is adapted from Arthur Hiller's 1989 American comedy film ""See No Evil, Hear No Evil"" which was also the inspiration for Hindi movies ""Hum Hain Kamaal Ke"" and ""Pyare Mohan"" , Tamil movie ""Andipatti Arasampatti"" and Kannada movies ""Akka Pakka"" and ""Baduku Jataka Bandi"". Two friends, one deaf and the other blind are arrested for a murder they did not

"Carmen D'Avino"
Carmen D'Avino Carmen D'Avino (October 31, 1918 – November 30, 2004) was a pioneer in animated short film. As one of the leading figures in the avant-garde film movement of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, his films, known for their wit and graphic brilliance, received many international honors, including two Academy Award nominations, and were regularly seen at Cinema 16, the most successful and influential membership film society in North American history. His works in oils and sculpture have achieved similar success, part of his always expanding experimentation into shape, color and form. As a teenager in Connecticut, D'Avino traded

"Tad, The Lost Explorer"
Tad, The Lost Explorer Tad, the Lost Explorer (Spanish: Las aventuras de Tadeo Jones) is a 2012 Spanish 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film directed by Enrique Gato. The film is a spinoff of Gato's 2004 short film, ""Tadeo Jones"" and its sequel ""Tadeo Jones and the Basement of Doom"". It was written by Javier Barreira, Gorka Magallón, Ignacio del Moral, Jordi Gasull and Neil Landau. The film's music was composed by Zacarías M. de la Riva. The English cast features voices of Kerry Shale, Ariel Winter, Bruce Mackinnon, Mac McDonald, Liza Ross, Cheech Marin and Adam James. The film was

Adapted Screenplay at the 27th Goya Awards. A sequel, titled ""Tad the Lost Explorer and the Secret of King Midas"", was released in 2017. Tadeo Jones (Tad Stones in the English version and voiced by Kerry Shale) is a bricklayer from Spain who lives in Chicago, working on the construction of the city's subway. Ever since he was five years old, he has dreamed of being a professional archaeologist. After being fired from his job as a bricklayer for daydreaming and for his dog urinating on the construction foreman, Tad visits his friend Professor Humbert (voiced by Mac McDonald), asking

It became the highest-grossing film of the year in Spain, outgrossing other animated features, including """", """", and ""Brave"". In other countries, the film earned over $36 million, topping box office charts in multiple South American territories. A sequel, titled ""Tad the Lost Explorer and the Secret of King Midas"", was released in 2017. It was co-directed by Enrique Gato and David Alonso, and written by Jordi Gasull, Javier Barreira and Neil Landau. It was distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures. Tad, The Lost Explorer Tad, the Lost Explorer (Spanish: Las aventuras de Tadeo Jones) is a 2012 Spanish 3D computer-animated

place and, along with his dog Jeff, travels from Chicago to Cusco, Peru. in the Cusco airport Tad meets Freddy (voiced by Cheech Marin), a local hustler. Tad is kidnapped by men from Odysseus, who threaten him to give them the stone key, but Tad is saved by Freddy and Sara (voiced by Ariel Winter), Professor Lavrov's daughter. After joining the two halves of the key, the group travels to Machu Picchu to meet up with Lavrov (also voiced by McDonald). Odysseus Inc., led by the evil Kopponen, (also voiced by Kerry Shale) again tries to steal the key, but

"The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box"
The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box is a 2014 British fantasy adventure film starring Michael Sheen, Sam Neill, Lena Headey, Ioan Gruffudd, Keeley Hawes, Tristan Gemmill, and Aneurin Barnard in the title role and directed by Jonathan Newman. It is the first in what is intended to be a film franchise, and was written by Christian Taylor and Matthew Huffman, based upon the novel ""Mariah Mundi"" by G. P. Taylor. Mariah Mundi has no choice but to unite with the enigmatic Will Charity when his family is kidnapped by an

Sara and Tad escape their clutches. Arriving in Machu Picchu, they discover that Professor Lavrof was kidnapped by Odysseus. After a series of adventures, they find Lavrov and Max Morden (voiced by Adam James), a famous archaeologist and Sara's fiance. After cracking the code of a wall map. Kopponen searches the desert with Lavrov and Mordon to find the treasure of the Incas. But Tad and Sara have the real map, and they depart for the jungle. Kopponen discovers them and finds the underground temple. After more adventures, it is revealed that Max is in league with Odysseus. After a

"Legends of the Hidden Temple (film)"
they must be combined to unlock the temple within three minutes, or risk being trapped inside the temple forever. Jet Jurgensmeyer was cast as Dudley, the youngest of the three siblings, who has the ability to talk to all animals except snakes. Kirk Fogg, the original host of ""Legends of the Hidden Temple"", the 1990s game show on which the film is based, returns as a fictionalized version of himself, working as a tour guide. Colin Critchley and Isabela Moner also appear in the film. Voice actor Dee Bradley Baker, who is also from the original game show, reprised his

"Thomas & Friends: Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure"
Thomas & Friends: Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure is a 2015 CGI-animated children's epic fantasy adventure action musical film and the 9th feature-length special of ""Thomas & Friends"". The film stars the voices of Joseph May and John Hasler as the voice of Thomas in the US and UK dubs respectively. It stars the voices of Olivia Colman, Keith Wickham, Tim Whitnall, Rob Rackstraw, William Hope, Kerry Shale, Christopher Ragland, Glenn Wrage, Joe Mills, Teresa Gallagher, Jules de Jongh, Steven Kynman and Tom Stourton. Eddie Redmayne, Sir John Hurt, Jamie Campbell Bower and

including St Michael's Mount, Bristol, Bath, Charlestown Harbour, Kidderminster Town railway station, and Lacock Abbey. The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box is a 2014 British fantasy adventure film starring Michael Sheen, Sam Neill, Lena Headey, Ioan Gruffudd, Keeley Hawes, Tristan Gemmill, and Aneurin Barnard in the title role and directed by Jonathan Newman. It is the first in what is intended to be a film franchise, and was written by Christian Taylor and Matthew Huffman, based upon the novel ""Mariah Mundi"" by G. P. Taylor. Mariah Mundi has no choice

"The Legend of Korra"
character of the """" series, also made recurring appearances in the season. Book 2 also introduces John Michael Higgins as the corrupt businessman and inventor Varrick, with Stephanie Sheh voicing his assistant Zhu Li, along with Korra's uncle Unalaq (Adrian LaTourelle), aided by his twin children Desna (Aaron Himelstein) and Eska (Aubrey Plaza), and Vaatu (Jonathan Adams), the spirit of disorder. The season also explains the Avatar mythos though the first Avatar Wan (Steven Yeun) and Vaatu's polar opposite Raava (April Stewart). Making a few appearances in Books Two and Three, Greg Baldwin reprises Iroh from the previous series. Set

"Baron Vaughn"
Baron Vaughn Baron Vaughn (born December 18, 1980) is an American comedian and actor, known for his portrayal of Nwabudike ""Bud"" Bergstein on the Netflix television series ""Grace and Frankie"" and Tom Servo on the 2017 revival of ""Mystery Science Theater 3000"". Previously, Vaughn appeared on the USA Network television series ""Fairly Legal"", on which he played legal assistant Leonardo Prince. A classically trained actor, Vaughn has appeared in ""Law & Order"" and has played supporting roles in a number of feature films, including ""Cloverfield"" and ""Black Dynamite"". However, he is best known for his comedy work; credits include ""The

"Michael Palance"
his work as a producer. His most recent work involved his role as a producer on the television film “Pop Star.” He is CEO of Premiere and is currently working on the production of the reality television show “My Hollywood.” Michael Palance Michael David Palance (born March 27, 1970) is an American actor and producer. He broke into acting as a teenager and his early success was established with daytime soap operas, which include “One Life to Live,” and Ryan’s Hope.”He is also known for his starring role in the movie “Savate.” He has worked as a producer for Emperor

"Ben Hardy (actor)"
Ben Hardy (actor) Ben Jones (born 2 January 1991), known professionally as Ben Hardy, is an English actor known for playing Peter Beale in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"" (2013–2015). Hardy made his film debut as Archangel in the superhero film """" (2016), and played Roger Taylor in the biographical film ""Bohemian Rhapsody"" (2018). Hardy was born in Bournemouth, Dorset, and grew up in Sherborne. He attended Sherborne Abbey Primary School and the Gryphon School. As a student at Gryphon, Hardy starred as Sergeant Francis Troy in a school film adaptation of ""Far from the Madding Crowd"". In 2012, Hardy

"Adam LaVorgna"
15–16, and by my mid-20s, I was lost."" Of returning to the faith, LaVorgna said, ""Once I matured enough to face God, to look at Him, for Him to be proud, once I started doing that, my life turned around. It was slow, but on a steady incline."" Adam LaVorgna Adam Lavorgna (born March 1, 1981) is an American actor, known for his role on the television series ""Brooklyn Bridge"", and in the films ""Milk Money"", ""The Beautician and the Beast"", and ""I'll Be Home for Christmas"", and as Robbie Palmer on ""7th Heaven"". Lavorgna was born near New Haven,

"Alex Wyse"
Alex Wyse Alex Wyse is an American stage and screen actor. He is best known for playing Kyle in ""Marvel's Iron Fist"", Saul Feinberg in ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", and Georg Zirschnitz in the 2015 Deaf West Broadway revival of ""Spring Awakening."" Wyse grew up in Cleveland, Ohio where he graduated from Beachwood High School, and later graduated from Boston University with a degree in theatre. On television, Wyse has appeared in multiple roles since 2010 including ""Bored to Death, Switched at Birth,"" ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", and ""Masters of Sex."" In film, he appeared opposite America Ferrera

"Home run"
record is 73, set by Barry Bonds in 2001. Other notable single season records were achieved by Babe Ruth who hit 60 in 1927, Roger Maris, with 61 home runs in 1961, and Mark McGwire, who hit 70 in 1998. Negro League slugger Josh Gibson's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque says he hit ""almost 800"" home runs in his career. The ""Guinness Book of World Records"" lists Gibson's lifetime home run total at 800. Ken Burns' award-winning series, ""Baseball"", states that his actual total may have been as high as 950. Gibson's true total is not known, in part due

"50 home run club"
the only player to accomplish this until Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa matched his feat in 1999 and 2001, respectively, thus becoming the only players to achieve four consecutive 50 home run seasons. Barry Bonds hit the most home runs to join the club, collecting 73 in 2001. The most recent players to reach the milestone are Giancarlo Stanton and Aaron Judge, achieving the feat during the 2017 season. In total, 29 players have reached the 50 home run club in MLB history and nine have done so more than once. Of these, seventeen were right-handed batters, eleven were left-handed,

"Home run"
the 2006 World Baseball Classic Japanese team. Oh holds the all-time home run world record, having hit 868 home runs in his career. In Major League Baseball, the career record is 762, held by Barry Bonds, who broke Hank Aaron's record on August 7, 2007, when he hit his 756th home run at AT&T Park off pitcher Mike Bacsik. Only eight other major league players have hit as many as 600: Hank Aaron (755), Babe Ruth (714), Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Albert Pujols (633), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609). The single season

Palmeiro, Albert Pujols, and Alex Rodriguez—are also members of the 3,000 hit club. Gary Sheffield's 500th home run was his first career home run with the New York Mets, the first time that a player's 500th home run was also his first with his franchise. Rodriguez, at 32 years and 8 days, was the youngest player to reach the milestone while Williams, at 41 years and 291 days, was the oldest. The most recent player to reach 500 home runs is Ortiz, who hit his 500th home run on September 12, 2015. As of the end of the season, Albert

"Home run"
team, including teams no longer active (prior to 1900) as well as by individual players. Gary Sheffield hit the 250,000th home run in MLB history with a grand slam on September 8, 2008. Sheffield had hit MLB's 249,999th home run against Gio González in his previous at-bat. The all-time, verified professional baseball record for career home runs for one player, excluding the U. S. Negro Leagues during the era of segregation, is held by Sadaharu Oh. Oh spent his entire career playing for the Yomiuri Giants in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball, later managing the Giants, the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and

500 home run club In Major League Baseball (MLB), the 500 home run club is a group of batters who have hit 500 or more regular-season home runs in their careers. On August 11, 1929, Babe Ruth became the first member of the club. Ruth ended his career with 714 home runs, a record which stood from 1935 until Hank Aaron surpassed it in 1974. Aaron's ultimate career total, 755, remained the record until Barry Bonds set the current mark of 762 during the 2007 season. Twenty-seven players are members of the 500 home run club. Ted Williams (.344) holds

and one was a switch hitter, meaning he could bat from either side of the plate. Four of these players (including two active members of the 50 home run club) have played for only one major league team. The New York Yankees are the only franchise to have five players reach the milestone while on their roster: Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris, Alex Rodriguez, and Judge. Ten players are also members of the 500 home run club and two of them (Willie Mays and Rodriguez) are also members of the 3,000 hit club. Ten players won the Most Valuable Player

"Home run"
large gap in the numbers for Gibson reflect the fact that Negro League clubs played relatively far fewer league games and many more ""barnstorming"" or exhibition games during the course of a season, than did the major league clubs of that era. Other legendary home run hitters include Jimmie Foxx, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle (who on September 10, 1960, mythically hit ""the longest home run ever"" at an estimated distance of , although this was measured after the ball stopped rolling), Reggie Jackson, Harmon Killebrew, Ernie Banks, Mike Schmidt, Dave Kingman, Sammy Sosa (who hit 60 or more

"White House Executive Chef"
White House Executive Chef The White House Executive Chef is the individual responsible for managing the kitchens, and for planning and preparing of all menus and meals for the President of the United States and the First Family, which includes their private meals, their private entertaining, and official state functions at the White House in Washington, D.C., in the United States. Beginning with George Washington, slaves prepared food for American presidents, First Families, and for social gatherings. Although slavery ended in the United States after the American Civil War, African Americans continued to provide nearly all the cooking in the

"White House Executive Pastry Chef"
White House Executive Pastry Chef The White House Executive Pastry Chef is responsible for the planning, managing and preparing of all desserts and pastries served at the White House, the official residence of the President of the United States. This includes State Dinners, official dinners, and private entertaining by the First Family. The Executive Pastry Chef works separate from the White House Executive Chef and reports directly to the Chief Usher. He works in coordination with these two, as well as the White House Social Secretary, and the First Lady for all events and dinners. The Executive Pastry Chef serves

Chef also supervises a staff of five, and a part-time staff of 20 to 25 assistant chefs and kitchen helpers. The Executive Chef is responsible for planning and preparing all menus and meals for the First Family and for all entertaining (informal, formal, and state dinners) served by the White House, either away or on-site. The Executive Chef is formally hired by the First Lady, and reports to the White House Chief Usher. The Executive Chef has no purview over any of the desserts or pastries served at the White House. The White House Executive Pastry Chef operates as a

at the First Lady's pleasure and is appointed, or reappointed, by each administration. The current White House Executive Pastry Chef is Susan Morrison. White House Executive Pastry Chef The White House Executive Pastry Chef is responsible for the planning, managing and preparing of all desserts and pastries served at the White House, the official residence of the President of the United States. This includes State Dinners, official dinners, and private entertaining by the First Family. The Executive Pastry Chef works separate from the White House Executive Chef and reports directly to the Chief Usher. He works in coordination with these

The Executive Pastry Chef works in the Pastry Kitchen on the mezzanine of the sub-basement. The main kitchen was last renovated in 1971. As of 2011, the White House Executive Chef used a natural gas oven and range manufactured by Vulcan Restaurant Equipment; a Traulsen refrigerator and freezer; a Cimbali M32 espresso machine; a Hobart 300 gravity-fed food slicer; Mauviel stainless steel pots and pans; and Misono knives. White House Executive Chef The White House Executive Chef is the individual responsible for managing the kitchens, and for planning and preparing of all menus and meals for the President of the

separate entity, but coordinates with the Executive Chef for all meals and events. The White House Executive Chef made between $80,000 and $100,000 annually in 2005. The chef receives no overtime, and the workload can vary considerably depending on whether the First Family is in residence or traveling, if there is a special event, or if a holiday occurs. The White House Executive Chef works in one of two kitchens at the White House: The main kitchen, which is located in the northeast corner of the Ground Floor of the White House, and the Family Kitchen on the Second Floor.

White House kitchen. Occasionally, a professional chef was used beginning in the latter half of the 1800s. President Ulysses S. Grant utilized a Union Army cook until his embarrassed wife forced him to hire an Italian-trained chef. President Rutherford B. Hayes utilized the services of cook and nurse Winnie Monroe, a freed African American slave. Chester Arthur used a cook who formerly worked at his private residence as his White House chef for casual dining, and hired French-trained professional chef Alexander Fortin to oversee preparation of important political meals and state dinners. President Grover Cleveland also used a French chef

to prepare his meals during his first term. President Benjamin Harrison had a French chef as well, but fired him after only a short time in favor of the services of Dolly Johnson, a freed African American slave who had cooked for the Harrisons in Indianapolis. President William McKinley hired a local cook for everyday dining, but a French-trained chef traveled from New York City to prepare formal dinners. Swedish native Sigrid Nilsson served as President Woodrow Wilson's chief cook at the White House from 1915 to 1919. American-trained professional chef Alice Howard served presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft,

and Woodrow Wilson, while ""head cook"" Katherine Bruckner worked for Herbert Hoover and Henrietta Nesbitt served as housekeeper and head cook for Franklin D. Roosevelt. Vietta Garr, President Harry S. Truman's long-time personal cook and domestic assistant, came to the White House as head cook in 1945 after Truman fired Nesbitt for insubordination. Dwight D. Eisenhower utilized the services of French-trained chef François Rysavy from 1954 to 1957 and former United States Navy chef Pedro Udo (a Filipino) from 1957 to 1960. Zephyr Wright, one of the last personal chefs to work in the White House, prepared meals for President

the post. President Barack Obama retained Comerford as Executive Chef, but brought chef Sam Kass from Chicago to act as the First Family's personal chef. Kass, who assumed several policy positions in the White House as well, resigned in December 2014. In November 2009, Marcus Samuelsson became the first guest chef at a White House state dinner when Comerford temporarily stepped aside to allow him to cook for Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Comerford was retained as Executive Chef by President Donald Trump. The Executive Chef is the manager and executive chef of the three White House kitchens. The Executive

States and Mexico, and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco. The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia. The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World

2020 as the last in a four-phase process. On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it would accept a tournament-sharing bid by CONCACAF members Canada, Mexico and the United States. On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final. On 11 August 2017, Morocco officially announced a bid to host. Therefore, the official 2026 FIFA World Cup bids were from two football confederations. The first one was from CONCACAF, which was triple bid by Canada, United

on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco. Result: Bids: On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was ""voted by acclamation"", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico. Results: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially,

anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay, but if selected the tournament dates would coincide. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017. Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts. On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host. CONMEBOL, the South American confederation (which can

banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees. Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country

the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids. Bids: On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in

Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea. Upon the selection of Canada–Mexico–United States bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the tournament will be the first to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should it be selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World Cup tournaments. Except 1934, host nations are granted an automatic spot in the World Cup group stages. The first host ever to fail to advance past the first round was South Africa

the changes may spread to the beer industry as well. Beer in the United States Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries. The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually. In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China. Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment

are decreasing. The major beer producers merged to strengthen their position – Anheuser-Busch merged with InBev to form Anheuser-Busch InBev, and Molson Coors formed a joint venture with Miller Brewing Company to form MillerCoors. Despite legal challenges, the country's three-tiered distribution system remains in place. Today, there are over 4,000 craft breweries in the United States and the craft beer industry employs over 100,000 individuals brewing 15.6 million barrels of beer per year. According to an article by the Associated Press, published in 2016, craft beer is a $22 billion industry in the United States and sales were up 13%

Beer in the United States Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries. The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually. In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China. Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the

mid to late 1970s, the firm began to build restaurants without pumps. Into the early 1980s, the company reduced the number of gas stations on-site, eventually phasing them out altogether as the company focused on its restaurant and gift sales revenues. Cracker Barrel became a publicly traded company in 1981 to raise funds for further expansion. It floated more than half a million shares, raising $4.6 million. Following the initial public offering, Cracker Barrel grew at a rate of around 20 percent per year; by 1987, the company had become a chain of more than 50 units in eight states,

proliferation of small breweries. By March 1986, five brewpubs had opened in the United States. The total number of breweries rose from 42 in 1978 to over 2,750 in 2012, reaching or exceeding the number of breweries estimated to have existed during the colonial period. Virtually all of this growth is attributable to small, independent breweries. Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in America and accounts for about 85% of the volume of alcoholic beverages sold in the United States each year. As of 2016, the top three beer companies in the US were Anheuser-Busch, MillerCoors, and Pabst Brewing

"Boxer's fracture"
a ""boxer's fracture"" . Boxer's fracture A boxer's fracture is the break of the 5th metacarpal bones of the hand near the knuckle. Occasionally it is used to refer to fractures of the 4th metacarpal as well. Symptoms include pain and a depressed knuckle. Classically, it occurs after a person hits an object with a closed fist. The knuckle is then bent towards the palm of the hand. Diagnosis is generally suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays. For most fractures with less than 70 degrees of angulation, buddy taping and a tensor bandage resulted in similar outcomes to

Boxer's fracture A boxer's fracture is the break of the 5th metacarpal bones of the hand near the knuckle. Occasionally it is used to refer to fractures of the 4th metacarpal as well. Symptoms include pain and a depressed knuckle. Classically, it occurs after a person hits an object with a closed fist. The knuckle is then bent towards the palm of the hand. Diagnosis is generally suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays. For most fractures with less than 70 degrees of angulation, buddy taping and a tensor bandage resulted in similar outcomes to reduction with splinting. In

"Chauffeur's fracture"
Chauffeur's fracture Chauffeur's fracture, also known as Hutchinson fracture, is a type of fracture of the forearm, specifically the radial styloid process. The injury is typically caused by compression of the scaphoid bone of the hand against the styloid process of the distal radius. It can be caused by falling onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Treatment is often open reduction and internal fixation, which is surgical realignment of the bone fragments and fixation with pins, screws, or plates. The name originates from early chauffeurs who sustained these injuries when the car back-fired while the chauffeur was hand-cranking to start the

car. The back-fire forced the crank backward into the chauffeur's palm and produced the characteristic styloid fracture. Chauffeur's fracture Chauffeur's fracture, also known as Hutchinson fracture, is a type of fracture of the forearm, specifically the radial styloid process. The injury is typically caused by compression of the scaphoid bone of the hand against the styloid process of the distal radius. It can be caused by falling onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Treatment is often open reduction and internal fixation, which is surgical realignment of the bone fragments and fixation with pins, screws, or plates. The name originates from early

Crepitus
together. Crepitus is a common sign of bone fracture. Crepitus can easily be created and observed by exerting a small amount of force on a joint, thus 'cracking it'. This is caused by bubbles of nitrogen forming in the synovial fluid bursting. Almost every joint in the body can be 'cracked' in this way, but the joints which require the least amount of effort include the hallux, knuckles and neck joints. In soft tissues, crepitus can be produced when gas is introduced into an area where it is normally not present. The term can also be used when describing the

"Busch fracture"
Busch fracture In medicine a Busch fracture is a type of fracture of the base of the distal phalanx of the fingers, produced by the removal of the bone insertion (avulsion) of the extensor tendon. Without the apropiate treatment, the finger becomes a hammer finger. It would correspond to the group B of the Albertoni classification. It is very common in motorcycle riders and soccer joggers, caused by a hyperflection when the tendon is exercising the maximum tension (the closed hand tightening the clutch lever or the brake lever ). The Busch fracture is named after Friedrich Busch (1844-1916), who

"Bennett's fracture"
correct anatomical position and restoration of proper function of the thumb CMC joint. The Bennett fracture is an oblique intraarticular metacarpal fracture dislocation, caused by an axial force directed against the partially flexed metacarpal. This type of compression along the metacarpal bone is often sustained when a person punches a hard object, such as the skull or tibia of an opponent, or a wall. It can also occur as a result of a fall onto the thumb. This is a common injury sustained from bike falls, as the thumb is generally extended while around the handle bars. It is also

Cavitation
tinnitus, pain, dizziness, and fatigue."". It has been suggested that the sound of ""cracking"" knuckles derives from the collapse of cavitation in the synovial fluid within the joint. Movements that cause cracking expand the joint space, thus reducing pressure to the point of cavitation. It remains controversial whether this is associated with clinically significant joint injury such as osteoarthritis. Some physicians say that osteoarthritis is caused by cracking knuckles regularly, as this causes wear and tear and may cause the bone to weaken. The implication being that, it is not the ""bubbles popping,"" but rather, the bones rubbing together, that

"Cracking joints"
Cracking joints The act of cracking joints means bending a person's joints to produce a distinct cracking or popping sound, often followed by a feeling of satisfaction or relaxation to the person. It is sometimes done as part of a joint adjustment/mobilization routinely performed by a chiropractor, osteopath or physical therapist. According to traditional belief, the popping of joints, especially knuckles, can lead to arthritis and other joint problems. However, medical research has yet to conclusively demonstrate a connection between knuckle cracking and long-term joint problems. The cracking mechanism and the resulting sound is caused by carbon dioxide cavitation bubbles

become the Universal Champion. Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss, along with Mickie James, gloated about retaining her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. She said at WrestleMania 34, if Asuka chose her, she would end her undefeated streak. Asuka then came out, but Nia Jax was close behind and the three women teamed up on Asuka until Bayley and Sasha Banks came out for the save, with James turning heel in the process. Asuka, Banks, and Bayley then teamed up to face Bliss, James, and Jax in a six-woman tag team match. During the match, Banks went to

over the champions, which was made official on February 23. On February 23, Bálor Club members Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson were scheduled to face The Miztourage (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel) on the Elimination Chamber pre-show. During the pre-show, Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson of the Bálor Club faced The Miztourage (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel). In the climax, Gallows and Anderson performed the ""Magic Killer"" on Axel for the win. The actual pay-per-view opened with the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match in which Alexa Bliss defended the Raw Women's Championship against Bayley, Sonya Deville, Sasha Banks, Mandy Rose,

the Raw brand. Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show ""Monday Night Raw"". The card was highlighted by two Elimination Chamber matches, one of which was the first to involve women, and the men's chamber match was the first to have seven participants. At the Royal Rumble, Shinsuke Nakamura won the men's Royal Rumble match and decided to stay on SmackDown to challenge for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 34. This left Brock Lesnar, who at the same event retained his Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, without an opponent at WrestleMania. In

and Bayley subsequently gave Banks a ""Bayley to Belly"". Bliss eliminated Bayley with a roll-up. Bliss then performed "" Twisted Bliss"" off a pod on Banks, who applied the Banks Statement on Bliss; Bliss was able to escape. Bliss then won the match after performing a spike DDT on Banks to retain her title. After the match, an elated Bliss said that nobody thought that she would remain champion and that she proved why she is the ultimate goddess of the Women's Division. Next, Cesaro and Sheamus defended the Raw Tag Team Championship against Titus Worldwide (Apollo and Titus O'Neil).

The following week, after a match between Bayley and Sasha Banks, Jax attacked both women to send a message to Asuka. Whilst walking up the ramp, she proclaimed that she would be the one to end Asuka's undefeated streak. The following week, Jax attacked and laid out Asuka during her interview with Renee Young. Following Asuka's Royal Rumble match victory at the Royal Rumble, former UFC star Ronda Rousey made an appearance and interrupted Asuka, Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss, and SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair. Rousey's appearance confirmed that she had signed full-time with WWE. On the February 12

Since 1926, no non-NHL team has played for the Cup, leading it to become the ""de facto"" championship trophy of the NHL. In addition, with no major professional hockey league left to challenge it, the NHL began calling its league champions the ""world champions"", notwithstanding the lack of any interleague championship. In doing so, the NHL copied a policy that had been adopted by the then still-fledgling National Football League from its start in 1920 (and which the National Basketball Association also asserted upon its founding in 1946). Finally in 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustee. J. Cooper

postseason instead of just the championship game or series, unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), although in its history the trophy has never been given to someone that was not in the finals. Doug Gilmour and Peter Forsberg, in 1986 and 1999, respectively, are the only players who have topped the postseason in scoring without making it to the Finals. NHL players have often grown beards when their team is in the playoffs, where

now for the best team in the world. Ice hockey in Europe was still in its infancy at this time, so it was without much controversy that winners of the Stanley Cup continued styling themselves as the ""world champions"" just like in baseball. Two years later, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup Final. In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup. After that season, the NHA dissolved, and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place. In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and

and daughters playing and promoting the game. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play. Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. In 1915, the two professional ice hockey organizations, the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), reached a gentlemen's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup. After a series of league mergers and folds, it was established as the ""de facto"" championship trophy

"The Day the Earth Stood Still"
cameo roles. Spencer Tracy and Claude Rains were originally considered for the part of Klaatu. In a 1995 interview, producer Julian Blaustein explained that Joseph Breen, the film censor installed by the Motion Picture Association of America at the Twentieth Century Fox studios, balked at the portrayal of Klaatu's resurrection and limitless power. At the behest of the MPAA, a line was written into the script; when Helen asks Klaatu whether Gort has unlimited power over life and death, Klaatu explains that Gort has only revived him temporarily and ""that power is reserved to the Almighty Spirit"". Of the elements

leaders simultaneously. Harley tells him that such a meeting in the current political climate is impossible. Klaatu suggests that he be allowed to go among humans to better understand their ""unreasoning suspicions and attitudes"". Harley rejects the proposal, and Klaatu remains under guard. Klaatu escapes and lodges at a boarding house as ""Mr. Carpenter"", the name on the dry cleaner's tag on a suit he took. Among the residents are young widow Helen Benson (Patricia Neal) and her son Bobby (Billy Gray). The following morning, Klaatu listens to the boarders speculate about the alien's motivations. While Helen and her boyfriend

how that was born."" The film historian Steven Jay Rubin recalled an interview he had with North when he asked the question, ""What is the direct translation of Klaatu Barada Nikto, and Edmund North said to me 'There's hope for Earth, if the scientists can be reached'."" The film was dramatized as a radio play on January 4, 1954 for the Lux Radio Theater; Michael Rennie reprised his lead role as Klaatu with actress Jean Peters as Helen Benson. This production was later re-broadcast on the ""Hollywood Radio Theater"", the re-titled ""Lux Radio Theater"", which aired on the Armed Forces

"The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film)"
The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film) The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 2008 American science fiction thriller film, a loose adaptation of the 1951 film of the same name. The screenplay by David Scarpa is based on the 1940 classic science fiction short story ""Farewell to the Master"" by Harry Bates and on the 1951 screenplay adaptation by Edmund H. North. Directed by Scott Derrickson and starring Keanu Reeves as Klaatu, this version replaces the Cold War theme of nuclear warfare with the contemporary issue of humankind's environmental damage to the planet. It follows Klaatu, an

emerges from the saucer and quickly disintegrates the soldiers' weapons. The alien orders the robot, Gort, to desist. He explains that the now-broken device was a gift for the President which would have enabled him ""to study life on the other planets"". The alien, Klaatu, is taken to Walter Reed Hospital. After surgery, he uses a salve to quickly heal his wound. Meanwhile, the Army is unable to enter the saucer; Gort stands outside, silent and unmoving. Klaatu tells the President's secretary, Mr. Harley (Frank Conroy), that he has a message that must be delivered to all of the world's

humanoid alien visitor named Klaatu that comes to Earth, accompanied by a powerful eight-foot tall robot, Gort, to deliver an important message that will affect the entire human race. In 1995, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". When a flying saucer lands in Washington, D.C., the Army quickly surrounds it. A humanoid (Michael Rennie) emerges from the spacecraft, and announces that he is visiting the earth in peace. When he unexpectedly opens a small device, he is shot and wounded by a nervous soldier. A tall robot

Radio Service. The film was remade in 2008. The director was Scott Derrickson and it stars Keanu Reeves as Klaatu. The Day the Earth Stood Still The Day the Earth Stood Still (a.k.a. Farewell to the Master and Journey to the World) is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction film from 20th Century Fox, produced by Julian Blaustein and directed by Robert Wise. The film stars Michael Rennie, Patricia Neal, Billy Gray, Hugh Marlowe, and Sam Jaffe. The screenplay was written by Edmund H. North, based on the 1940 science fiction short story ""Farewell to the Master"" by Harry Bates,

Tom Stevens (Hugh Marlowe) are not at home, Klaatu is a babysitter for Bobby. The boy takes Klaatu on a tour of the city, including a visit to his father's grave in Arlington National Cemetery; Klaatu learns that most of those buried there are former military servicemen who were killed in wars on active service. They visit the Lincoln Memorial, and at the heavily guarded spaceship Klaatu asks Bobby who the greatest living person is; Bobby suggests Professor Barnhardt (Sam Jaffe). Bobby takes Klaatu to Barnhardt's home, but the professor is not home. Klaatu adds an equation to assist in

nikto"" with some of the people involved in the production of ""The Day the Earth Stood Still"". Robert Wise, the director of the film, conveyed an account of Edmund North telling him, ""Well, it's just something I kind of cooked up. I thought it sounded good"". Billy Gray, who played Bobby Benson in the film, said he believed the message was coming from Klaatu and that, ""Barada Nikto must mean ... save Earth"". Florence Blaustein, widow of the producer Julian Blaustein, said North had to pass a street called ""Baroda"" every day going to work and indicated, ""I think that's

9 to May 23, 1951. The primary actors never traveled to Washington for the making of the film. Director Robert Wise indicated in the DVD commentary that the War Department refused participation in the film based on a reading of the script. The military equipment shown, however, came from the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment then stationed at Ft. Meade which supplied the vehicles, equipment and soldiers for the segments depicting Army operations. One of the tanks in the film bears the ""Brave Rifles"" insignia of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. The robot Gort, who serves Klaatu, was played by Lock

"Battle of Britain"
air superiority over the UK. In September, RAF Bomber Command night raids disrupted the German preparation of converted barges, and the Luftwaffe's failure to overwhelm the RAF forced Hitler to postpone and eventually cancel Operation Sea Lion. Germany proved unable to sustain daylight raids, but their continued night-bombing operations on Britain became known as the Blitz. Historian Stephen Bungay cited Germany's failure to destroy Britain's air defences to force an armistice (or even outright surrender) as the first major German defeat in World War II and a crucial turning point in the conflict. The Battle of Britain takes its name

Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain (, literally ""The Air Battle for England"") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians

civilian losses from July to December 1940 were 23,002 dead and 32,138 wounded, with one of the largest single raids on 19 December 1940, in which almost 3,000 civilians died. With the culmination of the concentrated daylight raids, Britain was able to rebuild its military forces and establish itself as an Allied stronghold, later serving as a base from which the Liberation of Western Europe was launched. Winston Churchill summed up the effect of the battle and the contribution of RAF Fighter Command, RAF Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and the Fleet Air Arm with the words, ""Never in the

cancelled. Books General Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain (, literally ""The Air Battle for England"") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May

airfields, nor by attacking London, was the Luftwaffe likely to destroy Fighter Command. Given the size of the British fighter force and the general high quality of its equipment, training and morale, the Luftwaffe could have achieved no more than a Pyrrhic victory. During the action on 18 August it had cost the Luftwaffe five trained aircrew killed, wounded or taken prisoner, for each British fighter pilot killed or wounded; the ratio was similar on other days in the battle. And this ratio of 5:1 was very close to that between the number of German aircrew involved in the battle

between 10 July and 31 October 1940. These included 145 Poles, 127 New Zealanders, 112 Canadians, 88 Czechoslovaks, 10 Irish, 32 Australians, 28 Belgians, 25 South Africans, 13 French, 9 Americans, 3 Southern Rhodesians and one each from Jamaica and Mandatory Palestine. ""Altogether in the fighter battles, the bombing raids, and the various patrols flown between 10 July and 31 October 1940 by the Royal Air Force, 1495 aircrew were killed, of whom 449 were fighter pilots, 718 aircrew from Bomber Command, and 280 from Coastal Command. Among those killed were 47 airmen from Canada, 24 from Australia, 17 from

last chance to defeat the RAF and for permission to launch attacks on civilian residential areas to cause mass panic. Hitler refused the latter, perhaps unaware of how much damage had already been done to civilian targets. He reserved for himself the power to unleash the terror weapon. Instead political will was to be broken by destroying the material infrastructure, the weapons industry, and stocks of fuel and food. On 15 September, two massive waves of German attacks were decisively repulsed by the RAF by deploying every aircraft in 11 Group. Sixty German and twenty-six RAF aircraft were shot down.

on 24 May during the Battle of France by ""Directive No. 13"" which authorised the Luftwaffe ""to attack the English homeland in the fullest manner, as soon as sufficient forces are available. This attack will be opened by an annihilating reprisal for English attacks on the Ruhr Basin."" By the end of June 1940, Germany had defeated Britain's allies on the continent, and on 30 June the OKW Chief of Staff Alfred Jodl issued his review of options to increase pressure on Britain to agree to a negotiated peace. The first priority was to eliminate the RAF and gain air

November 1940. In July–September the number of Luftwaffe pilots available fell by 136, but the number of operational pilots had shrunk by 171 by September. The training organisation of the Luftwaffe was failing to replace losses. German fighter pilots, in contrast to popular perception, were not afforded training or rest rotations unlike their British counterparts. The first week of September accounted for 25% of Fighter Command's and 24% of the ""Luftwaffe's"" overall losses. Between the dates 26 August – 6 September, on only one day (1 September) did the Germans destroy more aircraft than they lost. Losses were 325 German

On 7 September, the government issued a warning that the invasion could be expected within the next few days and, that night, Bomber Command attacked the Channel ports and supply dumps. On 13 September, they carried out another large raid on the Channel ports, sinking 80 large barges in the port of Ostend. 84 barges were sunk in Dunkirk after another raid on 17 September and by 19 September, almost 200 barges had been sunk. The loss of these barges may have contributed to Hitler's decision to postpone Operation ""Sea Lion"" indefinitely. The success of these raids was in part

Shadowhunters
March 2015, ABC Family picked up ""Shadowhunters"" straight-to-series. The series was renewed for a second season in March 2016, consisting of 20 episodes, which premiered on January 2, 2017. In April 2017, it was announced that the series was renewed for a third season of 20 episodes. The first half of ten episodes premiered on March 20, 2018. On June 4, 2018, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons, but ordered two extra episodes to properly conclude the series' story; the second half of the third season is set to premiere on February 25, 2019. In August 2016, soon before

"The Shadowhunter Chronicles"
via Twitter that the television series would be called ""Shadowhunters"" rather than ""The Mortal Instruments"". In March 2015, ABC Family picked up ""Shadowhunters"" straight-to-series, and premiered on January 12, 2016. The series was renewed for a second season in March 2016, comprising 20 episodes, which premiered on January 2, 2017. In April 2017, it was announced that the series was renewed for a third season of 20 episodes. The first half of ten episodes premiered on March 20, 2018. On June 4, 2018, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons, but ordered two extra episodes to properly conclude the series'

film """", which like the series was produced by Constantin Film. The debut season of ""Shadowhunters"" has received mixed responses from critics. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for Freeform in more than two years. The show has received numerous award nominations, winning one GLAAD Award and four Teen Choice Awards. The series was renewed for a second season of 20 episodes, which premiered on January 2, 2017. In August 2016, showrunner Ed Decter exited the series over ""creative differences"". Todd Slavkin and Darren Swimmer were named as Decter's replacements. In April 2017, Freeform renewed the show for a

Jeff Bowman. Other Ruelle songs have featured in the series. Ruelle performs most of the background music during the series. The series premiered on January 12, 2016, in the U.S. on Freeform. The second episode, ""The Descent into Hell Is Easy"", was released online that same day, following the premiere of the first episode. In December 2015, Netflix acquired global rights to ""Shadowhunters"", excluding the U.S., making the series available as an original series a day after the U.S. premiere, with the first episode having launched globally on January 13, 2016, and subsequent episodes having been released on a weekly

third season of 20 episodes, which premiered on March 20, 2018. In June 2018, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons, but ordered two extra episodes to properly conclude the series' story; the second half of the third season is set to premiere on February 25, 2019, with 12 episodes ordered. Clary Fray has just enrolled at Brooklyn Academy of Arts. On her eighteenth birthday, she learns that she is a Shadowhunter, a human born with angelic blood who protects humans from demons and rogue downworlders. That night, Clary's mother, Jocelyn, is abducted by a group of rogue Shadowhunters called

"Trollhunters: Tales of Arcadia"
the New York Comic Con. The first season was released worldwide on Netflix on December 23, 2016. The second season premiered on December 15, 2017, and the third and final season premiered on May 25, 2018. Since its release, ""Trollhunters"" has been widely praised as an ambitious and boundary-pushing animated series, with Filmink's Travis Johnson calling it ""...the best children’s animation to come along since """"."" The series was nominated for nine Daytime Emmy Awards in 2017, winning more than any other animated or live-action television program that year. In its first two seasons, it has also received or been

The first season consisted of 26 half-hour episodes which were released worldwide on Netflix on December 23, 2016. The second season, consisting of 13 episodes, was released on December 15, 2017. The third and final season, consisting of 13 episodes, was released on May 25, 2018. The first season of ""Trollhunters"" was released on DVD on November 7, 2017. ""Trollhunters"" has received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 94% approval rating with an average rating of 7.81/10 based on 16 reviews for the first season. The website's consensus reads, """"Trollhunters"" manages to capture del

"Dark (TV series)"
first German-language Netflix original series and follows a trend of internationally produced Netflix originals, including the Mexican series ""Club de Cuervos"" in 2015, the Brazilian series ""3%"" in 2016, and the Italian series """" in 2017. The first season of the series was released on December 1, 2017. A second season was announced with a short teaser on the German Facebook pages of the series and Netflix on December 20, 2017, although no time frame has been confirmed for its creation or release. The first season received mostly positive reviews from critics, with many noting its similarity to the 1990s

Shadowhunters Shadowhunters, also known as Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments, is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Ed Decter, based on the popular book series ""The Mortal Instruments"" written by Cassandra Clare. It premiered in North America on Freeform on January 12, 2016. Primarily filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the series follows Clary Fray (Katherine McNamara), who finds out on her eighteenth birthday that she is not who she thinks she is, but rather comes from a long line of Shadowhunters, human-angel hybrids who hunt down demons. It is the second adaptation of the novel series, after the 2013

the second season, and soon promoted to series regular beginning on season 3. The series began filming in Mississauga, Canada on May 25, 2015. The fictional New York Police Department's 89 Precinct was filmed in the Science Wing at the University of Toronto Scarborough. ""Shadowhunters (Original Television Series Soundtrack)"" was released on platforms including iTunes, Spotify and Apple Music on July 21, 2017, featuring six original songs from the show. The series' musical score is composed by Ben Decter. The opening theme song is ""This Is The Hunt"" performed by Ruelle, which was written for ""Shadowhunters"" by Maggie Eckford and

"Ann Gillespie"
1984, she appeared in a pilot, ""The Sheriff and the Astronaut,"" opposite Alec Baldwin. Gillespie is a graduate of Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey. In 2003 she earned her B.A. at Goddard College in Vermont. Ann Gillespie Ann Gillespie is a retired American actress who currently works as an Episcopal priest. She is perhaps best known for her recurring role as Jackie Taylor, mother to Kelly Taylor on the original ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". She reprised the role during the first season of ""90210"" as mother to both Kelly and Erin Silver. Gillespie made her acting debut in

Ann Gillespie Ann Gillespie is a retired American actress who currently works as an Episcopal priest. She is perhaps best known for her recurring role as Jackie Taylor, mother to Kelly Taylor on the original ""Beverly Hills, 90210"". She reprised the role during the first season of ""90210"" as mother to both Kelly and Erin Silver. Gillespie made her acting debut in 1981 when she became the second actress to portray Siobhan Ryan Novak on ""Ryan's Hope"", replacing actress Sarah Felder, who originated the role. Gillespie played the role for one year before she was replaced by Marg Helgenberger. In

"Kelly Taylor (90210)"
High School. It was revealed that in the intervening years, she attained a master's degree and had a son named Sammy with Dylan. She and Dylan ended their relationship soon after. It was also revealed that West Beverly principal Harry Wilson was Kelly's neighbor growing up. Kelly's tenuous relationship with her mother Jackie (Ann Gillespie) continued in the series' first season, with tension arising due to Jackie's drunken negligence of Erin, a recurring character in the original series and a regular in the spin-off. She also resumed her friendship with Brenda Walsh. However, their relationship was briefly strained by Kelly's

"Reagan Gomez-Preston"
Reagan Gomez-Preston Reagan Amyre Gomez-Preston (born April 24, 1980) is an American television and film actress and voice actress. She is best known for her roles as Zaria Peterson on The WB sitcom ""The Parent 'Hood"" (1995–1999) and Roberta Tubbs on Fox animated comedy ""The Cleveland Show"" (2009–2013). Gomez-Preston was born in Detroit, Michigan to a Puerto Rican mother, Cheryl Gomez, and an African American father, Bennett Preston. She has a younger brother named Kyle. Gomez-Preston's father, Bennett Preston, is a medical examiner/pathologist in Philadelphia. When Gomez-Preston was young her mother worked for the Detroit Police Department. Cheryl Gomez was

"Beth Littleford"
role in the """" episode 20 and again in """". She has appeared in TV commercials for Laughing Cow cheese, Cascade, and a hotel chain. Littleford starred in the Disney XD original show ""I'm in the Band"", the 2010 Disney channel movie ""Starstruck"", and played Suzanne Berger on MTV's ""The Hard Times of RJ Berger,"" Dana on ABC's ""Desperate Housewives,"" and the realtor on ""The Fosters"". She had a starring role in the Disney Channel original series ""Dog with a Blog"". Beth Littleford Elizabeth Anna Halcyon Littleford (born July 17, 1968) is an American actress, comedian, and television personality. She

In a 1995 article on Garth, ""TV Guide"" reported that the show's creators made a conscious decision to place her character at center stage. An anonymous producer cites ""faith in Jennie as an actress,"" further stating that he and producer Aaron Spelling ""knew she had the chops to do it."" This development would gradually lead to Kelly supplanting Brenda as the prominent female lead, as the former received what the producer called ""better story lines."" Reportedly, these matters became a source of tension between Garth and Shannen Doherty, who played Brenda. Following Doherty's final appearance on the show in 1994,

Quo. The couple married on November 10, 1999. They have two children, a daughter, Scarlett Annette Turrentine (born May 13, 2007) and a son Tyger Attila Turrentine (born April 2, 2011). Reagan Gomez-Preston Reagan Amyre Gomez-Preston (born April 24, 1980) is an American television and film actress and voice actress. She is best known for her roles as Zaria Peterson on The WB sitcom ""The Parent 'Hood"" (1995–1999) and Roberta Tubbs on Fox animated comedy ""The Cleveland Show"" (2009–2013). Gomez-Preston was born in Detroit, Michigan to a Puerto Rican mother, Cheryl Gomez, and an African American father, Bennett Preston. She

"Jennie Garth"
key."" In 2007, Garth appeared on season five of ""Dancing with the Stars"" and was paired with Derek Hough. They reached the semi-finals in the competition. Jennie Garth Jennifer Eve Garth (born April 3, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for starring as Kelly Taylor throughout the ""Beverly Hills, 90210"" franchise (1990–2000) and Valerie Tyler on the sitcom ""What I Like About You"" (2002–06). In 2012, she starred in her own reality show, ""Jennie Garth: A Little Bit Country"" on CMT. Garth was born in Urbana, Illinois, to John and Carolyn Garth. The youngest of seven children (though

"Cleo King"
Cleo King Cleo King (born Harriet Cleo King; August 21, 1962) is an American character actress, best known for her roles on television. King was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was the youngest of seven children in her family. She graduated from University of Missouri and later moved to New York to pursue an acting career, appearing on stage productions. In mid-1990s, King moved to Los Angeles, California, when she began appearing on television shows such as ""The Wayans Bros."", ""Living Single"", ""Malcolm & Eddie"", ""Murphy Brown"", and ""Any Day Now"". She also appeared on Friends as a nurse

"Lisa Rinna"
said that using Juvéderm was a mistake. Lisa Rinna Lisa Deanna Rinna (born July 11, 1963) is an American actress and television personality. She is best known for her roles as Billie Reed on the NBC daytime soap opera ""Days of Our Lives"" and Taylor McBride on Fox's television drama ""Melrose Place,"" and as the host of Soapnet's talk show ""Soap Talk."" In 2014, she joined the main cast of Bravo's hit reality television series ""The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills."" Rinna has also been a contestant on various seasons of ""The Celebrity Apprentice"" and ""Dancing with the Stars,"" and

Microcredit
small loans for entrepreneurial activities to the poor as a way to alleviate poverty. At about the same time, but independently to Spooner, Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen founded the first cooperative lending banks to support farmers in rural Germany. In the 1950s, Akhtar Hameed Khan began distributing group-oriented credit in East Pakistan. Khan used the Comilla Model, in which credit is distributed through community-based initiatives. The project failed due to the over-involvement of the Pakistani government, and the hierarchies created within communities as certain members began to exert more control over loans than others. The origins of microcredit in its current

practical incarnation can be linked to several organizations founded in Bangladesh, especially the Grameen Bank. The Grameen Bank, which is generally considered the first modern microcredit institution, was founded in 1983 by Muhammad Yunus. Yunus began the project in a small town called Jobra, using his own money to deliver small loans at low-interest rates to the rural poor. Grameen Bank was followed by organizations such as BRAC in 1972 and ASA in 1978. Microcredit reached Latin America with the establishment of PRODEM in Bolivia in 1986; a bank that later transformed into the for-profit BancoSol. Microcredit quickly became a

popular tool for economic development, with hundreds of institutions emerging throughout the third world. Though the Grameen Bank was formed initially as a non-profit organization dependent upon government subsidies, it later became a corporate entity and was renamed Grameen II in 2002. Muhammad Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his work providing microcredit services to the poor. Microcredit organizations were initially created as alternatives to the ""loan-sharks"" known to take advantage of clients. Indeed, many microlenders began as non-profit organizations and operated with government funds or private subsidies. By the 1980s, however the ""financial systems approach,""

"World Bank"
1947, many European countries began receiving aid from other sources. Faced with this competition, the World Bank shifted its focus to non-European countries. Until 1968, its loans were earmarked for the construction of infrastructure works, such as seaports, highway systems, and power plants, that would generate enough income to enable a borrower country to repay the loan. In 1960, the International Development Association was formed (as opposed to a UN fund named SUNFED), providing soft loans to developing countries. From 1974 to 1980 the bank concentrated on meeting the basic needs of people in the developing world. The size and

Microfinance
in rural Germany. The modern use of the expression ""microfinancing"" has roots in the 1970s when organizations, such as Grameen Bank of Bangladesh with the microfinance pioneer Muhammad Yunus, were starting and shaping the modern industry of microfinancing. Another pioneer in this sector is Akhtar Hameed Khan. Poor people borrow from informal moneylenders and save with informal collectors. They receive loans and grants from charities. They buy insurance from state-owned companies. They receive funds transfers through formal or informal remittance networks. It is not easy to distinguish microfinance from similar activities. It could be claimed that a government that orders

"FINCA International"
FINCA International FINCA International is a non-profit, microfinance organization, founded by John Hatch in 1984. Sometimes referred to as the ""World Bank for the Poor"", FINCA is the innovator of the village banking methodology in microcredit and is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of modern-day microfinance. With its headquarters in Washington, D.C., FINCA has 20 affiliated host-country institutions (affiliates), in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Eurasia and the Middle East and South Asia. Along with Grameen Bank and Accion International, FINCA is considered to be one of the most influential microfinance organizations in the world. In 1984,

Wilhelm Raiffeisen) and the founders of the microcredit movement in the 1970s (such as Muhammad Yunus and Al Whittaker), have tested practices and built institutions designed to bring the kinds of opportunities and risk-management tools that financial services can provide to the doorsteps of poor people. While the success of the Grameen Bank (which now serves over 7 million poor Bangladeshi women) has inspired the world, it has proved difficult to replicate this success. In nations with lower population densities, meeting the operating costs of a retail branch by serving nearby customers has proven considerably more challenging. Hans Dieter Seibel,

however exist solely for profit. Loans to poor people by banks have many limitations including lack of security and high operating costs. As a result, microfinance was developed as an alternative to provide loans to poor people with the goal of creating financial inclusion and equality. Ela Bhatt had initiated women's own SEWA Cooperative Bank in 1974 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, perhaps one of the first modern day microfinance institution of its kind. Muhammad Yunus, a Nobel Prize winner, had introduced the concept of Micro-credit in Bangladesh in the form of the ""Grameen Bank"". The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

board member of the European Microfinance Platform, is in favour of the group model. This particular model (used by many Microfinance institutions) makes financial sense, he says, because it reduces transaction costs. Microfinance programmes also need to be based on local funds. The history of microfinancing can be traced back as far as the middle of the 1800s, when the theorist Lysander Spooner was writing about the benefits of small credits to entrepreneurs and farmers as a way of getting the people out of poverty. Independently of Spooner, Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen founded the first cooperative lending banks to support farmers

of lending to individuals. Despite the use of solidarity circles in 1970s Jobra, Grameen Bank and other early microcredit institutions initially focused on individual lending. (A solidarity circle is a group of borrowers that provide mutual encouragement, information, and assistance in times of need, though loans remain the responsibility of individuals.) Indeed, Muhammad Yunus propagated the notion that every person has the potential to become an entrepreneur. The use of group-lending was motivated by economics of scale, as the costs associated with monitoring loans and enforcing repayment are significantly lower when credit is distributed to groups rather than individuals. Many

"David Duchovny"
David Duchovny David William Duchovny (born August 7, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He is known for playing FBI agent Fox Mulder on the television series ""The X-Files"" and writer Hank Moody on the television series ""Californication"", both of which have earned him Golden Globe awards. Duchovny appeared in both ""X-Files"" films, the 1998 science fiction-thriller of the same name and the supernatural-thriller """" (2008). He executive-produced and starred in the historically based cop drama ""Aquarius"" (2015–16). Duchovny earned a A.B. in English literature from Princeton University, and an M.A. in English literature from

a part of the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival in support of the movie ""Revenge of the Electric Car"". On May 12, 2015, Duchovny released his first music album entitled ""Hell or Highwater"", which consists of 12 songs. On February 9, 2018, Duchovny released his second album entitled ""Every Third Thought"". David Duchovny David William Duchovny (born August 7, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He is known for playing FBI agent Fox Mulder on the television series ""The X-Files"" and writer Hank Moody on the television series ""Californication"", both of which have earned him Golden

"Elden Henson"
just comic relief. I mean, he is some of those things. He does have comic relief, but it was exciting to know that these other characters would have their own path and their own things that they're dealing with."" In addition to ""Daredevil"", Henson has also portrayed Foggy in the crossover miniseries ""The Defenders"" and a cameo appearance in season 2 of ""Jessica Jones"" and ""Luke Cage"". Elden Henson Elden Henson (born Elden Ryan Ratliff; August 30, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Fulton Reed in ""The Mighty Ducks"" trilogy, Foggy Nelson in ""Daredevil"" and

"Robert Wisdom"
Robert Wisdom Robert Ray Wisdom (born September 14, 1953) is an American actor best known for his roles as Howard ""Bunny"" Colvin in ""The Wire"" and Norman ""Lechero"" St. John in ""Prison Break"". Wisdom was born in Washington, D.C., to Jamaican parents. He is a graduate of Columbia University. He appeared in four of the five seasons (primarily seasons three and four) of the HBO program ""The Wire"" as Howard ""Bunny"" Colvin. Wisdom had initially auditioned for the role of Stringer Bell. He has also starred in the 2004 films """" and ""Ray"", and the 2007 film ""Freedom Writers"". He

"Utkarsh Ambudkar"
Utkarsh Ambudkar Utkarsh Ambudkar ( ; born December 8, 1983) is an American actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. He is a former VJ for MTV Desi. He has appeared in the comedy film ""Pitch Perfect"" as the character Donald, and in the television shows, ""The Mindy Project"" and ""The Muppets"". He is set to star in the Fox series, ""Eat, Pray, Thug"". Utkarsh originated the role of Aaron Burr in the developmental readings of ""Hamilton"". Utkarsh was also seen

"James Luisi"
James Luisi James A. Luisi (November 2, 1928 – June 7, 2002) was an American professional basketball player and actor. Luisi is perhaps best known for his role as Lt. Doug Chapman, the apoplectic foil to Jim Rockford, during Seasons 3 through 6 of the television series ""The Rockford Files."" Born in East Harlem, New York City, Luisi attended St. Francis College on a basketball scholarship before being drafted by the Boston Celtics in the sixth round of the 1951 N.B.A. draft. After serving in the US Army during the Korean War, he played with the Baltimore Bullets for one

"Jerry Trainor"
Jerry Trainor Gerald William Trainor (born January 21, 1977) is an American actor, comedian and musician. He is known for his roles in the Nickelodeon shows ""Drake & Josh"" (""Crazy"" Steve), ""iCarly"" (as Spencer Shay), and ""T.U.F.F. Puppy"" (as Dudley Puppy). Trainor was born and raised in San Diego, California, the son of Bill Trainor and Madelyn (née McNenly) Trainor. Trainor studied improv at the Groundlings school in Los Angeles. Trainor also studied theatre at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His first television role was in the MTV series ""Undressed"" as Eric. Some of his other television credits include

"History of the telephone"
made it possible for subscribers to call each other at homes, businesses, or public spaces. These made telephony an available and comfortable communication tool for many purposes, and it gave the impetus for the creation of a new industrial sector. The telephone exchange was an idea of the Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás (1844 - 1893) in 1876, while he was working for Thomas Edison on a telegraph exchange. The first commercial telephone exchange was opened at New Haven, Connecticut, with 21 subscribers on 28 January 1878, in a storefront of the Boardman Building in New Haven, Connecticut. George W. Coy

"History of telecommunication"
at times the world's largest phone company. Telephone technology grew quickly after the first commercial services emerged, with inter-city lines being built and telephone exchanges in every major city of the United States by the mid-1880s. The first transcontinental telephone call occurred on January 25, 1915. Despite this, transatlantic voice communication remained impossible for customers until January 7, 1927 when a connection was established using radio. However no cable connection existed until TAT-1 was inaugurated on September 25, 1956 providing 36 telephone circuits. In 1880, Bell and co-inventor Charles Sumner Tainter conducted the world's first wireless telephone call via modulated

Zossen. In 1924, public trials started with telephone connection on trains between Berlin and Hamburg. In 1925, the company was founded to supply train telephony equipment and, in 1926, telephone service in trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the German mail service on the route between Hamburg and Berlin was approved and offered to first-class travelers. Fiction anticipated the development of real world mobile telephones. In 1906, the English caricaturist Lewis Baumer published a cartoon in Punch magazine entitled ""Forecasts for 1907"" in which he showed a man and a woman in London's Hyde Park each separately engaged in gambling

sent by Morse on January 6, 1838, across of wiring. Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time to time. Charles Bourseul, Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray, amongst others, have all been credited with the telephone's invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits to resolve the patent claims of many individuals and commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison

"Mobile telephony"
little or no consequence,"" leading it not to attempt to commercialize the invention. The invention earned Joel induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2008. The first call on a handheld mobile phone was made on April 3, 1973 by Martin Cooper, then of Motorola to his opposite number in Bell Labs who were also racing to be first. Bell Labs went on to install the first trial cellular network in Chicago in 1978. This trial system was licensed by the FCC to ATT for commercial use in 1982 and, as part of the divestiture arrangements for the

be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in 3 directions (see picture at right) into 3 adjacent hexagon cells. The technology did not exist then and the radio frequencies had not yet been allocated. Cellular technology was undeveloped until the 1960s, when Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the electronics. On 3 April 1973 Motorola manager Martin Cooper placed a cellular phone call (in front of reporters) to Dr. Joel S. Engel, head of research at AT&T's Bell Labs. This began the era of

"Tabby cat"
Tabby cat A tabby is any domestic cat (""Felis catus"") that has a coat featuring distinctive stripes, dots, lines or swirling patterns, usually together with a mark resembling an 'M' on its forehead. Tabbies are sometimes erroneously assumed to be a cat breed. In fact, the tabby pattern is found in many breeds, and is a genetic landrace common among the general mixed-breed population. The tabby pattern is a naturally occurring feature that may be related to the coloration of the domestic cat's direct ancestor, the African wildcat (""Felis lybica lybica""), which—along with the European wildcat (""Felis silvestris silvestris"") and

Piebald
patch"" or spot. The reference is to the distinctive black-and-white plumage of the magpie. In British English ""piebald"" (black and white) and ""skewbald"" (white and any colour other than black) are together known as ""coloured"". In North American English, the term for this colouring pattern is pinto, with the specialized term ""paint"" referring specifically to a breed of horse with American Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred bloodlines in addition to being spotted, whereas ""pinto"" refers to a spotted horse of any breed. In American usage, horse enthusiasts usually do not use the term ""piebald,"" but rather describe the colour shade of

red cats and the patches of red on tortoiseshell cats will show tabby striping. The primary tabby pattern gene, ""Mc/mc or Mc/Mc"", sets the basic pattern of stripes that underlies the coat. ""Mc"" is the wild-type tabby gene and produces what is called a Mackerel Striped tabby. Classic tabbies are cats who also possess ""mc/mc"", a recessive mutant gene that produces the blotched pattern. The spotted gene is directly connected to the Mc gene; it 'breaks' the lines of a Mackerel tabby, turning it into spots. The spotted gene is dominant as well, which means a Spotted will be Sp/sp

in the spine. The Spotted tabby is a modifier that breaks up the Mackerel tabby pattern so that the stripes appear as spots. Similarly, the stripes of the Classic tabby pattern may be broken into larger spots. Both large spot and small spot patterns can be seen in the Australian Mist, Bengal, Serengeti, Egyptian Mau, Arabian Mau, Maine Coon, and Ocicat breeds. The tabby patterns are due to three distinct gene loci and one modifier: The agouti gene, ""A/a"", controls whether or not the tabby pattern is expressed. The dominant ""A"" expresses the underlying tabby pattern, while the recessive non-agouti

Piebald
a pinto literally with terms such as ""black and white"" for a piebald, ""brown and white,"" or ""bay and white,"" for skewbalds, or color-specific modifiers such as ""bay pinto"", ""sorrel pinto,"" ""buckskin pinto,"" and such. Genetically, a piebald horse begins with a black base coat colour, and then the horse also has an allele for one of three basic spotting patterns overlaying the base colour. The most common coloured spotting pattern is called tobiano, and is a dominant gene. Tobiano creates spots that are large and rounded, usually with a somewhat vertical orientation, with white that usually crosses the back

the flanks and stomach. An ""M"" shape appears on the forehead, along with dark lines across the cat's cheeks to the corners of its eyes. Mackerels are also called 'fishbone tabbies', probably because they are named after the mackerel fish. Mackerel is the most common tabby pattern. The Classic (also known as ""Blotched"" or ""Marbled"") tabby tends to have a pattern of dark browns, ochres and black but also occurs in grey. Classic tabbies have the ""M"" pattern on their foreheads but the body markings have a whirled or swirled pattern (often called a ""bullseye"") on the cat's sides. There

basic color pattern. The ""Patched"" tabby is a calico or tortoiseshell cat with tabby patches (also known as ""caliby"" and ""torbie"", respectively). All those patterns have been observed in random-bred populations. Several additional patterns are found in specific breeds. A modified Classic tabby is found in the Sokoke breed. Some are due to the interaction of wild and domestic genes. Rosetted and marbled patterns are found in the Bengal breed. The Mackerel tabby pattern has vertical, gently curving stripes on the side of the body. The stripes are narrow and may be continuous or broken into bars and spots on

"Point coloration"
Point coloration Point coloration refers to animal coat coloration with a pale body and relatively darker extremities, i.e. the face, ears, feet, tail, and (in males) scrotum. It is most recognized as the coloration of Siamese and related breeds of cat, but can be found in dogs, rabbits, rats, sheep, and horses as well. Point coloration in cats originated in the Siamese and closely related Asian breeds, and is found in many Western-developed modern breeds. It is a form of partial albinism resulting from a mutation that affects tyrosinase, an enzyme involved with melanin production. The mutated enzyme is thermolabile;

"Bicolor cat"
a black mask over their head. The Turkish Van (white and red) is one good example of a bicolor breed. Van pattern is known to animal geneticists as the Seychelles (Seychellois) pattern and is classified into three variants: These are high grade white spotting of types nine, eight and seven. This coloration is not restricted to a specific breed of cat, as it can be found in many different types of pure-breed as well as mixed-breed domestic cats. However, some breeds are especially noted for having bicolor coats in their breed standards. These include the Turkish Van, American Shorthair, Manx,

Brindle
Brindle Brindle is a coat coloring pattern in animals, particularly dogs, cattle, guinea pigs, and, rarely, horses. It is sometimes described as ""tiger-striped"", although the brindle pattern is more subtle than that of a tiger's coat. The streaks of color are irregular and usually darker than the base color of the coat, although very dark markings can be seen on a coat that is only slightly lighter. The brindle pattern may also take the place of tan in tricolor coats of some dog breeds (such as Basenjis). This coloration looks very similar to tricolor, and can be distinguished only at

Monomer
amino acids. Polymerization occurs at ribosomes. Usually about 20 types of amino acid monomers are used to produce proteins. Hence proteins are not homopolymers. For polynucleic acids (DNA/RNA), the monomers are nucleotides, each of which is made of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Nucleotide monomers are found in the cell nucleus. Four types of nucleotide monomers are precursors to DNA and four different nucleotide monomers are precursors to RNA. For carbohydrates, the monomers are monosaccharides. The most abundant natural monomer is glucose, which is linked by glycosidic bonds into the polymers cellulose, starch, and glycogen.

RNA
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the

DNA
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are also known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed

"Nucleic acid sequence"
the functions of a living thing. Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure. Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as ""primary sequence"". Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence. Nucleic acids consist of a chain of linked units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three subunits: a phosphate group and a sugar (ribose in the case of RNA, deoxyribose in DNA) make up the backbone of the nucleic acid strand, and attached to the sugar is one of a set of nucleobases. The nucleobases are important in base pairing of strands to

Ribonucleotide
Ribonucleotide In biochemistry, a ribonucleotide is a nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component. It is considered a molecular precursor of nucleic acids. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. The monomer itself from ribonucleotides forms the basic building blocks for RNA. However, the reduction of ribonucleotide, by enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), forms deoxyribonucleotide, which is the essential building block for DNA. There are several differences between DNA deoxyribonucleotides and RNA ribonucleotides. Successive nucleotides are linked together via phosphodiester bonds by 3'-5'. Ribonucleotides are also utilized in other cellular functions. These special monomers are utilized in both

Nucleotide
Nucleotide Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids; they are composed of three subunit molecules: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group. A nucleoside is a nitrogenous base and a 5-carbon sugar. Thus a nucleoside plus a phosphate group yields a nucleotide. Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. They carry

"Nucleic acid"
Nucleic acid Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. The term ""nucleic acid"" is the overall name for DNA and RNA. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is a compound ribose, the polymer is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are the most important of all biomolecules. They are found in abundance in all living things, where they

DNA
in prokaryotes multiple types of proteins are involved. The histones form a disk-shaped complex called a nucleosome, which contains two complete turns of double-stranded DNA wrapped around its surface. These non-specific interactions are formed through basic residues in the histones, making ionic bonds to the acidic sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA, and are thus largely independent of the base sequence. Chemical modifications of these basic amino acid residues include methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. These chemical changes alter the strength of the interaction between the DNA and the histones, making the DNA more or less accessible to transcription factors and changing

DNA
W. Holley, and Marshall Warren Nirenberg to decipher the genetic code. These findings represent the birth of molecular biology. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands

"Northeastern United States"
to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region. As of the July 2013 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the population of the region totaled 55,943,073. With an average of 345.5 people per square mile, the Northeast is 2.5 times as densely populated as the second-most dense region, the South. Since the last century, the U.S. population has been shifting away from the Northeast (and Midwest) toward the South and West. The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast (New England and Mid-Atlantic) rank #1 and #2 among the 9 divisions in population density

23% of U.S. gross domestic product. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversees 34 nuclear reactors, eight for research or testing and 26 for power production in the Northeastern United States. New York City, considered a global financial center, is in the Northeast. The Federal Bureau of Prisons maintains 17 federal prisons and two affiliated private facilities in the region. The following table includes all eight airports categorized by the FAA as large hubs located in the Northeastern states (New England and Eastern regions): Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky asserts that the Northeast region lacks a unified cultural identity, but has served as a

according to the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region (233.1) was very close behind New England (233.2). Due to the faster growth of the South Atlantic region, it will take over the #2 division rank in population density in the next estimate, dropping New England to 3rd position. New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many, many years, as the only other lower-ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the East North Central division (192.1) and this region's population is projected to grow slowly. , the Northeast accounts for approximately

"County (United States)"
about 900,000 larger than the population of the 10 lowest population counties combined. It also makes Los Angeles County 17.4 times as large as the least populous state, Wyoming. The second most populous county is Cook County, Illinois, with a population of 5,238,216. Cook County's population is larger than that of 28 individual U.S. states and the combined populations of the six smallest states. The least populous county is Kalawao County, Hawaii, with 89 residents in 2015. 8 county-equivalents in the U.S. territories have a population of 0: Rose Atoll, Northern Islands Municipality, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston

largest city Cahokia is considered the largest, most complex pre-Columbian archaeological site in the modern-day United States. While in the Four Corners region, Ancestral Puebloans culture developed. Three UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United States are credited to the Pueblos: Mesa Verde National Park, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, and Taos Pueblo. The earthworks constructed by Native Americans of the Poverty Point culture in northeastern Louisiana have also been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. In the southern Great Lakes region, the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) was established at some point between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries, lasting until the

the nation's most economically developed, densely populated, and culturally diverse region. Of the nation's four census regions, the Northeast is the second most urban, with 85 percent of its population residing in urban areas, led by the West with 90 percent. Geographically there has always been some debate as to where the Northeastern United States begins and ends. The vast area from northern Virginia (outside Washington DC) to northern Maine, and from western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) to the Atlantic Ocean, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast at one time or another. Much of the debate has been what the

"Jefferson County, Alabama"
Jefferson County, Alabama Jefferson County is the most populous county in the United States state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, its population was 658,466. Its county seat is Birmingham, the most populous city in the state. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2011, Jefferson County was $4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy. The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project. Corruption was found

Atoll, Kingman Reef, and Navassa Island. The remaining 3 islands in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have small non-permanent human populations. The least populous county-equivalent with a permanent human population is Swains Island, American Samoa (17 residents). The most densely populated county or county-equivalent is New York County, New York (coextensive with the New York City Borough of Manhattan), with 72,033 persons per square mile (27,812/km) in 2015. The Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, is both the most extensive and the least densely populated county or county-equivalent with 0.0380 persons per square mile (0.0147/km) in 2015. In the 50 states (plus

Friendliness, Access to Capital, and Cost of Living. CNBC: ""America's Top States For Business 2011"" Previously in the 2010 report, Virginia was ranked as number 2 and in the 2009 report, Virginia was ranked as number 1. Virginia's current Governor is Bob McDonnell (R). The state's population is 8,001,024, with a GDP (2009 per capita) of $46,609. The unemployment rate as of May 2011 is 6.0 percent, the foreclosure rate as of May 2011 is one per 766 households, and the projected budget gap for 2012 is $2.0 billion. Also the corporate tax rate is 6.0 percent, and the largest

"Shortwave radio"
and amateur radio operators. Lower sideband (LSB) is customarilly used below 9 MHz and USB (upper sideband) above 9 MHz. Vestigal sideband transmits the carrier and one complete sideband, but filters out the other sideband. It is a compromise between AM and SSB, enabing simple receivers to be used, but requires almost as much transmitter power as AM. One advantage is only half the bandwidth of an AM signal is used. It can be heard in the transmission of certain radio time signal stations. Vestigial sideband is used for over the air Television Broadcasts both analog and digital. Narrow-band frequency

roughly of the energy sent by an AM signal is in the “carrier”, which is not needed to recover the information contained in the signal. It also reduces signal bandwidth, enabling less than one-half the AM signal bandwidth to be used. The drawback is the receiver is more complicated, since it must re-create the carrier to recover the signal. Small errors in the detection process greatly affect the pitch of the received signal. As a result, single sideband is not used for music or general broadcast. Single sideband is used for long-range voice communications by ships and aircraft, Citizen's Band,

"Shortwave bands"
Shortwave bands Shortwave bands are frequency allocations for use within the shortwave radio spectrum (the upper MF band and all of the HF band). They are the primary medium for applications such as maritime communications, international broadcasting and worldwide amateur radio activity because they take advantage of ionospheric skip propagation to send data around the world. The bands are conventionally stated in wavelength, measured in metres. Propagation behavior on the shortwave bands depends on the time of day, the season and the level of solar activity. Most international broadcasters use amplitude modulation with 5 kHz steps between channels; a few

Longwave
Longwave In radio, longwave, long wave or long-wave, and commonly abbreviated LW, refers to parts of the radio spectrum with wavelengths longer than what was originally called the medium-wave broadcasting band. The term is historic, dating from the early 20th century, when the radio spectrum was considered to consist of longwave (LW), medium-wave (MW), and short-wave (SW) radio bands. Most modern radio systems and devices use wavelengths which would then have been considered 'ultra-short'. In contemporary usage, the term ""longwave"" is not defined precisely, and its intended meaning varies. It may be used for radio wavelengths longer than 1,000 m

Longwave
The militaries of the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, United States, Germany, India and Sweden use frequencies below 50 kHz to communicate with submerged submarines. In North America during the 1970s, the frequencies 167, 179 and 191 kHz were assigned to the short-lived Public Emergency Radio of the United States. Nowadays, in the United States, Part 15 of FCC regulations allow unlicensed use of 136 kHz and the 160–190 kHz band at output power up to 1 watt with up to a 15-meter antenna. This is called Low Frequency Experimental Radio (LowFER). The 190–435 kHz band is used for navigational beacons.

Shortwave radio Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), and generally extends from ; from the high end of the medium frequency band (MF) just above the mediumwave AM broadcast band, to the end of the HF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth

Longwave
listener a QSL card to acknowledge this reception. Reception of long-wave signals at distances in excess of have been verified. Longwave In radio, longwave, long wave or long-wave, and commonly abbreviated LW, refers to parts of the radio spectrum with wavelengths longer than what was originally called the medium-wave broadcasting band. The term is historic, dating from the early 20th century, when the radio spectrum was considered to consist of longwave (LW), medium-wave (MW), and short-wave (SW) radio bands. Most modern radio systems and devices use wavelengths which would then have been considered 'ultra-short'. In contemporary usage, the term ""longwave""

simplest type and the most commonly used for shortwave broadcasting. The instantaneous amplitude of the carrier is controlled by the amplitude of the signal (speech, or music, for example). At the receiver, a simple detector recovers the desired modulation signal from the carrier. Single sideband transmission is a form of amplitude modulation but in effect filters the result of modulation. An amplitude-modulated signal has frequency components both above and below the carrier frequency. If one set of these components is eliminated as well as the residual carrier, only the remaining set is transmitted. This reduces power in the transmission, as

traditional analog audio broadcasting. Although countries generally follow the table above, there may be small differences between countries or regions. For example, in the official bandplan of the Netherlands, the 49 m band starts at 5.95 MHz, the 41 m band ends at 7.45 MHz, the 11 m band starts at 25.67 MHz, and the 120, 90 and 60 m bands are absent altogether. Additionally, international broadcasters sometimes operate outside the normal WRC-allocated bands or use off-channel frequencies. This is done for practical reasons, or to attract attention in crowded bands (60m, 49m, 40m, 41m, 31m, 25m). The new digital

to 27.995 MHz portion, AM and FM mode, with two overlapping sets of 40 channels (27.60125 to 27.99125 MHz in 10 kHz steps, and 27.605 to 27.995 MHz in 10 kHz steps). These transmissions are usually rebroadcasts of church services and can sometimes be heard hundreds or even thousands of km (miles). Part of the 11 m/27 MHz band was also allocated in many countries for early-model cordless phones. In the US and Canada, as well as the Americas (ITU Region 2) as a whole, there are no pre-designated HF allocations for military use. Similar rules exist in Europe, where

where does cerebrospinal fluid flow to when it exits the cerebral aqueduct

"Cerebral aqueduct"
Cerebral aqueduct The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct, or aqueduct of Sylvius, is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum. The cerebral aqueduct, as other parts of the ventricular system of the brain, develops from the central canal of the neural tube, and it originates from the portion of the neural tube that is present in the developing mesencephalon, hence the

"Cerebral circulation"
by the following arteries: The posterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes, cerebellum and brainstem. It is supplied by the following arteries: The venous drainage of the cerebrum can be separated into two subdivisions: superficial and deep. The superficial system is composed of dural venous sinuses, which have wall composed of dura mater as opposed to a traditional vein. The dural sinuses are therefore located on the surface of the cerebrum. The most prominent of these sinuses is the superior sagittal sinus which flows in the sagittal plane under

name ""mesencephalic duct."" The aqueduct functions to connect the third and fourth ventricles and to ensure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through these areas. Aqueductal stenosis, a narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct, obstructs the flow of CSF and has been associated with non-communicating hydrocephalus. Such narrowing can be congenital, arise via tumor compression, or through cyclical gliosis secondary to an initial partial obstruction. Cerebral aqueduct The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct, or aqueduct of Sylvius, is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon

for processing before continuing to the heart. Not all of the gastrointestinal tract is part of this system. The system extends from about the lower portion of the esophagus to the upper part of the anal canal. It also includes venous drainage from the spleen and pancreas. Many drugs that are absorbed through the GI tract are substantially metabolized by the liver before reaching general circulation. This is known as the first pass effect. As a consequence, certain drugs can only be taken via certain routes. For example, nitroglycerin cannot be swallowed because the liver would deactivate the medication, but

Cerebral circulation Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through the network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of the cerebral blood flow in the adult is typically 750 milliliters per minute, representing 15% of the cardiac output. The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain, and the veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, removing carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. Since the brain is very vulnerable to compromises in its blood supply, the cerebral circulatory system has many safeguards including autoregulation of the blood vessels and the

"Ventricular system"
fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) into the venous sinuses, after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed. The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked. The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges, the three

the midline of the cerebral vault, posteriorly and inferiorly to the confluence of sinuses, where the superficial drainage joins with the sinus that primarily drains the deep venous system. From here, two transverse sinuses bifurcate and travel laterally and inferiorly in an S-shaped curve that form the sigmoid sinuses which go on to form the two jugular veins. In the neck, the jugular veins parallel the upward course of the carotid arteries and drain blood into the superior vena cava. The deep venous drainage is primarily composed of traditional veins inside the deep structures of the brain, which join behind

"Cisterna magna"
Cisterna magna The cisterna magna (or cerebellomedullaris cistern) is one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. The openings are collectively referred to as the subarachnoid cisterns. The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata. Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the fourth ventricle drains into the cisterna magna via the lateral apertures and median aperture. The two other principal cisterns are the ""pontine cistern"" located between the pons and the medulla and the ""interpeduncular cistern"" located between the cerebral

vena cava (thus bypassing the liver). Blood flow to the liver is unique in that it receives both oxygenated and (partially) deoxygenated blood. As a result, the partial gas pressure of oxygen (pO) and perfusion pressure of portal blood are lower than in other organs of the body. Blood passes from branches of the portal vein through cavities between ""plates"" of hepatocytes called sinusoids. Blood also flows from branches of the hepatic artery and mixes in the sinusoids to supply the hepatocytes with oxygen. This mixture percolates through the sinusoids and collects in a central vein which drains into the

"Cerebrospinal fluid"
the fourth ventricle, the fluid passes into the subarachnoid space through four openings the central canal of the spinal cord, the median aperture, and the two lateral apertures. CSF is present within the subarachnoid space, which covers the brain, spinal cord, and stretches below the end of the spinal cord to the sacrum. There is a connection from the subarachnoid space to the bony labyrinth of the inner ear making the cerebrospinal fluid continuous with the perilymph in 93% of people. CSF moves in a single outward direction from the ventricles, but multidirectionally in the subarachnoid space. Fluid movement is

by Jessica Sharzer. Allison Shearmur was attached to the project as executive producer. Abigail Breslin had been officially attached as Baby, while the studio would green-light the project after further casting. In January 2016, ABC officially green-lit the project after Debra Messing was cast as Baby's mother. The following month, after a lengthy audition process, dancer Colt Prattes was announced as Johnny, the role originally played by Patrick Swayze. In March 2016, it was announced that Nicole Scherzinger would co-star as Penny, Johnny's dance partner, alongside Sarah Hyland as Lisa Houseman, Baby's sister, and Bruce Greenwood as Dr. Jake Houseman,

Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger, Billy Dee Williams & Shane Harper. It aired on May 24, 2017. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics. Dirty Dancing Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein and directed by Emile Ardolino. It stars Jennifer Grey as Frances ""Baby"" Houseman, a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze) at her family's resort. The film was based on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film ""It's My

Dirty Dancing Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein and directed by Emile Ardolino. It stars Jennifer Grey as Frances ""Baby"" Houseman, a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze) at her family's resort. The film was based on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film ""It's My Turn"", but ultimately ended up conceiving a story for a film which became ""Dirty Dancing"". She finished the script in 1985, but management changes at MGM put the film in development

"The Baby Dance"
The Baby Dance The Baby Dance is a 1998 drama film produced by Showtime about adoption. It was written and directed by Jane Anderson, based on her play, with Stockard Channing and Laura Dern starring in the lead roles. Wanda LeFauve is a poor mother of four with an unemployed husband living in a trailer outside Shreveport, Louisiana. Pregnant again, she finds a newspaper ad placed by a couple hoping to adopt a newborn. Summoning up her courage, Wanda makes the telephone call. The couple — Rachel and Richard Luckman — are wealthy, Jewish urbanites from Los Angeles. They skirt

them was obvious. Bergstein described it as ""breathtaking"". Other casting choices were Broadway actor Jerry Orbach as Dr. Jake Houseman, Baby's father; and Jane Brucker as Lisa Houseman, her older sister. Bergstein also attempted to cast her friend, sex therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer, to play Mrs. Schumacher, and Joel Grey as her husband. However, Westheimer backed out when she learned the role involved being a thief. The role went instead to 89-year-old Paula Trueman, and Joel Grey was not cast. Another role went to Bergstein's friend, New York radio personality ""Cousin Brucie"". She initially wanted him to portray the social

opening scene takes place in New York City 1975, with a grown-up Frances (Abigail Breslin) saying how she never forgot her relationship with Johnny (Colt Prattes). In late summer 1963, affluent, college-bound Frances visits Kellerman’s resort with her family and falls in love with working-class dance instructor Johnny Castle. The film closely follows the plot of the original film; although there are notable changes: A frame story is added. In 1975, Frances attends ""Dirty Dancing,"" a Broadway show choreographed by Johnny and inspired by a book Frances wrote. Frances' faith in Johnny gave him the confidence to pursue a career.

by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie. The Baby Dance The Baby Dance is a 1998 drama film produced by Showtime about adoption. It was written and directed by Jane Anderson, based on her play, with Stockard Channing and Laura Dern starring in the lead roles. Wanda LeFauve is a poor mother of four with an unemployed husband living in a trailer outside Shreveport, Louisiana. Pregnant again, she finds a newspaper ad placed by a couple hoping to adopt a newborn. Summoning up her courage, Wanda makes the telephone call. The couple — Rachel and Richard Luckman

observes Max instructing the waiters, all Ivy League students, to romance the guests' daughters no matter how unattractive. She also sees Max's condescending attitude to the working class entertainment staff including Johnny, the resort's dance instructor. Baby is attracted to Johnny, and dances briefly with him when his cousin Billy takes her to one of the staff's secret dirty dancing parties. Baby discovers Johnny's dance partner, Penny, is pregnant by Robbie, the Houseman's waiter who attends Yale medical school and who flirts with Baby's older sister Lisa. When Robbie refuses to help Penny, Baby borrows money from her father to

"Lord Howe Island"
southernmost barrier coral reef, nesting seabirds, and the rich historical and cultural heritage. The Lord Howe Island Act 1981 established a ""Permanent Park Preserve"" (covering about 70 per cent of the island). The island was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007 and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The surrounding waters are a protected region designated the Lord Howe Island Marine Park. Lord Howe Island is part of the IBRA region Pacific Subtropical Islands (code PSI) and is subregion PSI01 with an area of . It appears that, prior to

to Thompson and his second wife Bogue. In 1855 the island was officially designated as part of New South Wales by the Constitution Act. From the early 1860s whaling declined rapidly with the increasing use of petroleum, the onset of the Californian goldrush, and the American Civil War – with unfortunate consequences for the island. To explore alternative means of income Thompson, in 1867, purchased the ""Sylph"" which was the first local vessel to trade with Sydney (mainly pigs and onions). It anchored in deep water at what is now Sylph's Hole off Old Settlement Beach, but was eventually tragically

report on the island was submitted by surveyor William Fitzgerald based on a visit in the same year. He suggested that coffee be grown but the kentia palm was already catching world attention. In 1878 the island was declared a Forest Reserve and Captain Richard Armstrong became the first resident government administrator. He encouraged schools, tree-planting and the palm trade, dynamited the north passage to the lagoon, and built roads. He also managed to upset the residents, and parliamentarian John Wilson was sent from the mainland in April 1882 to investigate the situation. With Wilson was a team of scientists

sent a party ashore on Lord Howe Island to claim it as a British possession. It subsequently became a provisioning port for the whaling industry, and was permanently settled in June 1834. When whaling declined, the 1880s saw the beginning of the worldwide export of the endemic kentia palms, which remains a key component of the Island's economy. The other continuing industry, tourism, began after World War II ended in 1945. The Lord Howe Island Group is part of the state of New South Wales and for legal purposes is regarded as an unincorporated area administered by the Lord Howe

about 1853 a further three settlers arrived on the American whaling barque ""Belle"", captained by Ichabod Handy. As well as George Campbell (who died in 1856) and Jack Brian (who left the island in 1854), the third, Nathan Thompson, brought three women (called Botanga, Bogoroo, and a girl named Bogue) from the Gilbert Islands. When his first wife Botanga died he then married Bogue. Thompson was the first resident to build a substantial house in the 1860s from mainland cedar washed up on the beach. Most of the residents with island ancestors have blood relations or are connected by marriage

nautical miles around the island and including Ball's Pyramid. It also includes a Commonwealth Marine Park extending from 3 to 12 nautical miles out and managed by the federal Department of the Environment and Heritage. In total the Marine Park covers about . Pigs and goats were released on the island as potential food in the early 1800s, the goats destroying shrubs and grasses used as nesting sites and the pigs eating eggs and chicks and disturbing the land by nuzzling for food. Several birds have become extinct on the island since the arrival of humans. The first round of

animals, many of which are endemic, some of which are rare or threatened. Two species of plants, nine terrestrial birds, one bat and at least four invertebrates have become extinct since 1778. Endemism at the generic level includes the palms ""Howea"", ""Hedyscepe"" and ""Lepidorrhachis"", a woody daisy ""Lordhowea"", the tree ""Negria"", the leech ""Quantenobdella howensis"", three annelid worm genera (""Paraplutellus"", ""Pericryptodrilus"" and ""Eastoniella""), an isopod shrimp ""Stigmops"", a hemipteran bug ""Howeria"" and a cricket ""Howeta"". The Lord Howe Island Board instigated an extensive biological and environmental survey (published in 1974), which has guided the island conservation program. In 1981, the

"Lord Howe Island Marine Park"
community, giving it both national and international importance. The marine park was declared on 26 February 1999 under the ""Marine Parks Act"" 1997, with a zoning plan commencing on 1 December 2004 to protect the important natural and cultural values of the park while providing a range of sustainable uses. Due to its isolated geographic location, small size and limited access, there are a number of threats to biodiversity that require management. The marine park status helps protect marine biodiversity from fishing pressure and population pressure. A range of scientific, social, cultural and economic information was collated to design the

"Lord Howe woodhen"
and the island's early human population. Since its discovery and the arrival of settlers on the island in 1834, nine of these 15 species became extinct. The woodhen declined in numbers until the late 1970s, when surveys showed that the population had dropped to less than 30 birds, confined to the difficult to access summit regions of the island's two mountains, Mount Gower and Mount Lidgbird. The woodhen was at the very brink of extinction in 1980, with just 15 individuals found. A comprehensive study was carried out to determine the cause of the decline, which was eventually attributed to

each day. From the Little Island Track between March and November one of the world's rarest birds, the providence petrel also performs courtship displays during winter breeding and it is extremely tame. The island was its only breeding location for many years after the breeding colony on Norfolk Island was exterminated in the late 19th century; though a small population persists on the adjacent Phillip Island. The Kermadec petrel was discovered breeding on Mount Gower in 1914 by ornithologist Roy Bell while collecting specimens for Gregory Mathews and the black-winged petrel was only confirmed as a breeder in 1971; its

which foreign currency option is the​ right but not the​ obligation to buy foreign​ currency

"Foreign exchange option"
Garman–Kohlhagen is always used. Foreign exchange option In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just FX option or currency option) is a derivative financial instrument that gives the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. See Foreign exchange derivative. The foreign exchange options market is the deepest, largest and most liquid market for options of any kind. Most trading is over the counter (OTC) and is lightly regulated, but a fraction is traded on exchanges like the International Securities Exchange, Philadelphia

Foreign exchange option In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just FX option or currency option) is a derivative financial instrument that gives the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. See Foreign exchange derivative. The foreign exchange options market is the deepest, largest and most liquid market for options of any kind. Most trading is over the counter (OTC) and is lightly regulated, but a fraction is traded on exchanges like the International Securities Exchange, Philadelphia Stock Exchange, or the

a ""GBPUSD put"", as it is a put on the ""exchange rate""; although it could equally be called a ""USDGBP call"". If the rate is lower than 2.0000 on December 31 (say 1.9000), meaning that the dollar is stronger and the pound is weaker, then the option is exercised, allowing the owner to sell GBP at 2.0000 and immediately buy it back in the spot market at 1.9000, making a profit of (2.0000 GBPUSD − 1.9000 GBPUSD) × 1,000,000 GBP = 100,000 USD in the process. If instead they take the profit in GBP (by selling the USD on the

Chicago Mercantile Exchange for options on futures contracts. The global market for exchange-traded currency options was notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at $158.3 trillion in 2005. For example, a GBPUSD contract could give the owner the right to sell £1,000,000 and buy $2,000,000 on December 31. In this case the pre-agreed exchange rate, or strike price, is 2.0000 USD per GBP (or GBP/USD 2.00 as it is typically quoted) and the notional amounts (notionals) are £1,000,000 and $2,000,000. This type of contract is both a call on dollars and a put on sterling, and is typically called

"Foreign exchange market"
foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just FX option) is a derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. The FX options market is the deepest, largest and most liquid market for options of any kind in the world. Controversy about currency speculators and their effect on currency devaluations and national economies recurs regularly. Economists, such as Milton Friedman, have argued that speculators ultimately are a stabilizing influence on the market, and that stabilizing speculation performs the important

spot market) this amounts to 100,000 / 1.9000 = 52,632 GBP. The difference between FX options and traditional options is that in the latter case the trade is to give an amount of money and receive the right to buy or sell a commodity, stock or other non-money asset. In FX options, the asset in question is also money, denominated in another currency. For example, a call option on oil allows the investor to buy oil at a given price and date. The investor on the other side of the trade is in effect selling a put option on the

weakens against the US$, then the UK firm receives more GBP. This uncertainty exposes the firm to FX risk. Assuming that the cash flow is certain, the firm can enter into a forward contract to deliver the US$100,000 in 90 days time, in exchange for GBP at the current forward rate. This forward contract is free, and, presuming the expected cash arrives, exactly matches the firm's exposure, perfectly hedging their FX risk. If the cash flow is uncertain, a forward FX contract exposes the firm to FX risk in the ""opposite"" direction, in the case that the expected USD cash

"Exchangeable bond"
an embedded option part and valuing the two separately. Price of exchangeable bond = price of straight bond + price of option to exchange Exchangeable bond Exchangeable bond (or XB) is a type of hybrid security consisting of a straight bond and an embedded option to exchange the bond for the stock of a company other than the issuer (usually a subsidiary or company in which the issuer owns a stake) at some future date and under prescribed conditions. An exchangeable bond is different from a convertible bond. A convertible bond gives the holder the option to convert bond into

is ""not"" received, typically making an option a better choice. Using options, the UK firm can purchase a GBP call/USD put option (the right to sell part or all of their expected income for pounds sterling at a predetermined rate), which: As in the Black–Scholes model for stock options and the Black model for certain interest rate options, the value of a European option on an FX rate is typically calculated by assuming that the rate follows a log-normal process. In 1983 Garman and Kohlhagen extended the Black–Scholes model to cope with the presence of two interest rates (one for

"Option (finance)"
strong intermediary able to make good on the trade, but in a major panic or crash the number of defaults can overwhelm even the strongest intermediaries. Option (finance) In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder of the option) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price prior to or on a specified date, depending on the form of the option. The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price (market price) of the underlying security or commodity

2017. After the show moved to Channel 4, PBS purchased the BBC's third series, broadcasting it as Season 5 instead of licensing the eighth series from Channel 4. As of 2018, PBS has the rights to air the second BBC series as Season 6 in 2019, and has chosen to not license the Channel 4 series. The CBC began broadcasting ""The Great British Bake Off"" in Canada in August 2016, starting with the sixth series and also with the ""Great British Baking Show"" title. The seventh series aired the year after. In 2018, the Channel 4 Series 8 was made

of 2016 so far, with the official figure also making it the most watched TV show since the 2015 Bake Off Final. Its run on the BBC ended with an average overnight viewing figure of 14 million for the final, peaking at 14.8 million, which is a record for the show. The series dominated the list of most-watched programmes in 2016, with nine of the top ten being episodes of the show. Its finale was watched by 15.9 million viewers (7 days cumulative figure), the most popular of the year. Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. The Great British

series was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Ian Cumming and Tamal Ray as runners up. In the U.S., the sixth series was broadcast as season 3 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 3. The seventh series began on 24 August 2016 on BBC One, once again from Welford Park in Berkshire, a later than usual start following the BBC's coverage of the Olympic Games. This series was won by Candice Brown, with Jane Beedle and Andrew Smyth as runners up. In the U.S., the seventh series was broadcast as season 4 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 4.

the show, topped by the final episode with 15.05 million viewers. In the last series on the BBC in 2016, nine of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year were episodes of the show, with 16.03 million viewers watching the finale. The first series broadcast by Channel 4 opened with average viewing figures of 5.8 million, rising to 6.5 million to include those watching on Channel 4+1, and 9.46 million for the 7-day rating. Although the overnight figure was the lowest for an opening episode since 2013, it was Channel 4's biggest audience since the Opening Ceremony of the

The eighth series of ""The Great British Bake Off"" began airing on 29 August 2017. This is the first series of ""The Great British Bake Off"" to be broadcast on Channel 4 following its move from the BBC. The series features new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith along with returning judge Paul Hollywood. This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up. The eighth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 5. The ninth series of ""The Great British Bake Off"" began airing on 28 August 2018.

September 2016, Love agreed to a three-year deal to broadcast the show on Channel 4. Giedroyc and Perkins subsequently announced that they would not be returning when the show moves to its new network. On 22 September, Berry announced that she would also be leaving the show when it moved to Channel 4, while Hollywood later announced he would stay. In March 2017, it was announced that Prue Leith would join Hollywood as a judge, while Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig would take over as presenters. The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-around baker

episode was more than two million higher than that of the previous series, while the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV. The final episode is the most-watched show on BBC Two since the present ratings system was introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set by ""Top Gear"". As a result of its high ratings, the show was moved to BBC One. After its move to BBC One, the opening episode was watched by over 7 million viewers according to overnight figures, beating

Nancy Birtwhistle in the final. A spin-off show """", hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants. In the U.S., the fifth series was broadcast as season 1 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 1. The sixth series began on 5 August 2015 on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show """" returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This

outbidding the £15 million offered by the BBC. In January 2017 the BBC waived its rights to keep the program off the air until 2018, and wished the programme ""well for the future"". On 31 October 2017, judge Prue Leith accidentally revealed the winner of Series 8 on Twitter twelve hours before the finale was due to air. This caused uproar among many fans of the show. She quickly deleted the tweet and apologised to the fans who saw it. ""The Great British Bake Off"" was nominated for a Rose d'Or in the Lifestyle section of the 2012 competition and

is a charity ambassador for Tearfund. The series started with its highest ratings for its opening episode after its move to BBC One, with over 7 million tuning in according to overnight figures. This is adjusted to 8.5 million for its 7-day final viewing figure, making this its second most-watched episode after previous year's final. In the fourth episode, 8.1 million watched the original broadcast, but the ""bingate"" controversy gained the show a further 2 million viewers on the BBC iPlayer catch-up service, giving the show the biggest ever audience with 10.248 million viewers for the episode. The final of

who was the first baseball player to be featured on a postage stamp

"Branch Rickey"
Branch Rickey Wesley Branch Rickey (December 20, 1881 – December 9, 1965) was an American baseball player and sports executive. He was perhaps best known for breaking Major League Baseball's color barriers by signing black player Jackie Robinson, as well as for creating the framework for the modern minor league farm system, for encouraging the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League, and for introducing the batting helmet. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967, two years after his death. Rickey played in MLB for the St. Louis Browns

"Ted Radcliffe"
of the 2003 ""Hitters Hands"" series of baseball sculptures that toured the United States in ""Shades of Greatness"", an exhibition sponsored by the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Ted Radcliffe Theodore Roosevelt ""Double Duty"" Radcliffe (July 7, 1902 – ) was a professional baseball player in the Negro leagues. He is one of only a handful of professional baseball players who lived past their 100th birthdays. Playing for more than 30 teams, Radcliffe, according to one biographer, had more than 4,000 hits and 400 home runs, won about 500 games and had 4,000 strike-outs. He played as a pitcher and a

Ted Radcliffe Theodore Roosevelt ""Double Duty"" Radcliffe (July 7, 1902 – ) was a professional baseball player in the Negro leagues. He is one of only a handful of professional baseball players who lived past their 100th birthdays. Playing for more than 30 teams, Radcliffe, according to one biographer, had more than 4,000 hits and 400 home runs, won about 500 games and had 4,000 strike-outs. He played as a pitcher and a catcher, became a manager, and in his old age became a popular ambassador for the game. At his death he was thought to be the oldest living

"Roger Connor"
Roger Connor Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 – January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player. He played for several teams, but his longest tenure was in New York, where he was responsible for the New York Gothams becoming known as the Giants. He was the player whom Babe Ruth succeeded as the all-time home run champion. Connor hit 138 home runs during his 18-year career, and his career home run record stood for 23 years after his retirement in 1897. Connor owned and managed minor league baseball teams after his playing days. He was elected to

"George Bechtel"
George Bechtel George A. Bechtel (September 2, 1848 – April 3, 1921?) was an American right fielder and pitcher in professional baseball's early history who became one of the leading players of his era. He played in all five seasons of baseball's first all-professional league, the National Association, and later played in the first season of baseball's first major league, the National League, when the Association folded. He later became the first player in Major League history to be suspended for life for intentionally losing games for money. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Bechtel began his professional career in for the

"Art Pennington"
Art Pennington Arthur David ""Superman"" Pennington (May 18, 1923 – January 4, 2017) was an all-star Negro League baseball player in the 1940s. Pennington played for the Chicago American Giants (1941–1945, 1950), the Birmingham Black Barons (1945), as well as in the Mexican Baseball League (1946–1948), the U.S. minor league system (1949, 1952–1954, 1958-1959), and in Cuban and Venezuelan leagues. He played in the 1942 and 1950 East-West All-Star Game. Pennington retired from Rockwell Collins in 1985; his house was badly damaged in a 2008 flood that destroyed most of his personal baseball memorabilia. He is included as card #

"Abner Doubleday"
A. Edison. Doubleday died of heart disease in 1893. Doubleday's body was laid in state in New York's City Hall and then was taken to Washington by train from Mendham Township, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Although Doubleday achieved minor fame as a competent combat general with experience in many important Civil War battles, he is more widely known as the supposed inventor of the game of baseball, in Elihu Phinney's cow pasture in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. The Mills Commission, chaired by Abraham G. Mills, the fourth president of the National League, was

baseball fans raised enough money to purchase a headstone at his grave, which was dedicated in a 2001 ceremony. , or Retrosheet Roger Connor Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 – January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player. He played for several teams, but his longest tenure was in New York, where he was responsible for the New York Gothams becoming known as the Giants. He was the player whom Babe Ruth succeeded as the all-time home run champion. Connor hit 138 home runs during his 18-year career, and his career home run record stood for 23

"Frank Grant"
Frank Grant Ulysses Franklin ""Frank"" Grant (August 1, 1865 – May 27, 1937), nicknamed ""The Black Dunlap"", was an African-American baseball player in the 19th century. Early in his career, he was a star player in the International League, shortly before Jim Crow restrictions were imposed that banned African-American players from organized baseball. He became a pioneer in the early Negro leagues, starring for several of the top African-American teams of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is widely considered to have been the greatest African-American player of the 19th century. In 2006, Grant was elected to the

"Bud Fowler"
Bud Fowler John W. ""Bud"" Fowler (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, field manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and affiliated minor leagues. He played more seasons and more games in organized baseball than any African American until Jackie Robinson played his 11th season in . The son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber, Bud Fowler was christened John W. Jackson. His father had escaped from slavery and migrated to New York. In 1859, his family moved from Fort Plain,

"Mercedes-Benz G-Class"
Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class, sometimes called G-Wagen (short for ""Geländewagen"", ""cross country vehicle""), is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr (formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz. In certain markets, it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G. The G-wagen is characterised by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction. It uses three fully locking differentials, one of the few vehicles to have such a feature. Despite the introduction of an intended replacement, the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006, the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest

"Large goods vehicle"
Large goods vehicle A heavy goods vehicle (HGV), also large goods vehicle (LGV) or medium goods vehicle, is the European Union (EU) term for any truck with a gross combination mass (GCM) of over . Sub-category N2 is used for vehicles between and and N3 for all goods vehicles over as defined in Directive 2001/116/EC. The term medium goods vehicle is used within parts of the UK government to refer to goods vehicles of between 3.5 and 7.5 tonnes which according to the EU are also ""large goods vehicles"". Commercial carrier vehicles of up to are referred to as light

versions were also available as windowless two-door Vans (or ""Kastenwagen"" in German). While always assembled in Graz, the car was sold as the Puch G only in the Austrian, Swiss, and Eastern European markets. During the G-wagen's life span many a different body style was made for army and public-service clients, like the Popemobile, the pickup or the chassis/cab with a wheelbase of 2,850, 3,120 or 3,400 mm, the chassis/cab being the base vehicle for army-ambulances or communication vehicles. Because of the sheer variety of military versions, this article focuses on the more standardized civilian G-Wagen. The 460 was popular

vehicles leads to severe consequences for other road users in crashes; they are over-involved in fatal crashes, and in a 2013 study in London, were found to cause a disproportionate number of the annual casualty toll of cyclists. Current Former<br> ERF, Foden, Leyland Motors and its descendants Large goods vehicle A heavy goods vehicle (HGV), also large goods vehicle (LGV) or medium goods vehicle, is the European Union (EU) term for any truck with a gross combination mass (GCM) of over . Sub-category N2 is used for vehicles between and and N3 for all goods vehicles over as defined in

"Mercedes-Benz GL-Class"
Mercedes-Benz GL-Class The Mercedes-Benz GL-Class is a full-size luxury SUV produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2006. It is a three-row, seven-passenger vehicle positioned above the GLE-Class, and is the flagship of the Mercedes-Benz SUV line. The GLS shares the same unibody architecture with the GLE-Class. Most GLS-Class vehicles are assembled at the Mercedes plant in Alabama, except for a small number of early 2007 production vehicles which were manufactured in Germany. The first generation model (X164) was manufactured between 2006 and 2012 and was replaced in 2012 by the new generation GL-Class (X166). From 2016 with the release of the facelifted

Wagon
Wagon A wagon (also alternatively and archaically spelt ""waggon"" in British and Commonwealth English) is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught animals or on occasion by humans (see below), used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people. Wagons are immediately distinguished from carts (which have two wheels) and from lighter four-wheeled vehicles primarily for carrying people, such as carriages. Wagons are usually pulled by animals such as horses, mules or oxen. They may be pulled by one animal or by several, often in pairs or teams. However, there are examples of human-propelled wagons, such as mining

"Lexus GX"
having a diesel engine option, right-hand steering, rear door mounted spare tire, to name a few but essentially the GX series is the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado model rebadged with the LEXUS name plates and fitted with additional luxury trim. Both the GX and Prado share a common platform, mechanicals, and a great majority of bodywork, and therefore share common basic dimensions. Likewise, the interiors were much the same with the GX receiving further premium touches. Both versions employ body-on-frame construction (BOF), an electronically controlled five-speed automatic transmission, and permanent four-wheel drive with a center locking Torsen differential. In the

States. Canada saw a similar increase; although a smaller market compared to the United States, it saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016. Development started in 1972, focusing on off-road abilities and maximum safety and comfort; with a cooperative agreement between Daimler-Benz and Steyr-Daimler-Puch in Graz, Austria. Mercedes-Benz engineers in Stuttgart were in charge of design and testing, while the team in Graz developed the production plans. The first wooden model was presented to Daimler-Benz management in 1973, with the first drivable prototype beginning various testing including German coalfields, the Sahara Desert, and the Arctic

U.S. market as the G550 4x4^2 as a 2017 model. In the late 1990s the USMC acquired the G-Class model as the Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV), which was essentially a '97 to '01 DaimlerChrysler model 290 GDT, a diesel-power 2-door with a pick-up bed. This was compact and light enough to be transported inside a Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion Helicopter. In 1983 a specially modified 280 GE won the Paris–Dakar Rally driven by Jacky Ickx and Claude Brasseur. Press kit: Some history on the GWagen: Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class, sometimes called G-Wagen (short for ""Geländewagen"", ""cross country vehicle""),

"Mazda G platform"
GG platform. Introduced in 2008, it is a retuned and revised version of the preceding GG chassis. See Ford CD3 platform. Applications: Introduced in 2013, it is the platform used on the third-generation Mazda6. Applications: GZ is a station wagon version of the GH platform. Mazda G platform The Mazda G platform is an automobile platform for midsize cars. It has been used by a number of vehicles from Mazda in Japan and abroad. Prior to 1981, Mazda coded the rear wheel drive Capella platform as ""S1"" in the VIN code. This chassis was dropped for the Capella, but retained

"Continuing resolution"
American government. They allow the government to take its time making difficult fiscal decisions. Federal agencies are disrupted during periods of reduced funding. With non-essential operations suspended, many agencies are forced to interrupt research projects, training programs, or other important functions. Its impact on day-to-day management can be severe, costing some employees the equivalent of several months' time. Between fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 2015, Congress only passed all twelve regular appropriations bills on time in four years - fiscal years 1977, 1989, 1995, and 1997. Between 1980 and 2013, there have been 8 Government shutdowns in the United

"United States budget process"
passed a budget resolution for FY2011, FY2012, or FY2013, and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23, 2013, 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29, 2009. The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President's budget. For example, for the 2014 budget process, the House prepared its budget proposal on March 21 and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23, while the President's budget was not submitted

"Appropriations bill (United States)"
the maximum level authorized, a lesser amount, or not at all. Between fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 2012, Congress only passed all twelve regular appropriations bills on time in four years - fiscal years 1977, 1989, 1995, and 1997. Every other fiscal year since 1977 has required at least one continuing resolution. For example, in 2013, Congress failed to agree on any regular appropriations bills prior to the start of fiscal year 2014. An attempt was made to pass the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59) prior to October 1, but the House and Senate could not agree on

when the previous president belonged to a different party. The 2014 United States federal budget was not submitted by the President until April 10, 2013 due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of the sequester cuts mandated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. (The House had already prepared its budget proposal on March 21, and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23.) President Warren G. Harding brought about the enactment of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which, for the first time, required the President to submit a budget annually to Congress and

are also posted on the OMB website. The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the President to submit the budget to Congress for each fiscal year, which is the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. The current federal budget law ((a)) requires that the President submit the budget between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. In recent times, the President's budget submission has been issued in the first week of February. The budget submission has been delayed, however, in some new presidents' first year

"Reconciliation (United States Congress)"
year, and be directed primarily at spending and revenue legislation acted on between the adoption of the first and second budget resolutions. Although reconciliation was originally understood to be for the purpose of either reducing deficits or increasing surpluses, the language of the 1974 act refers only to ""changes"" in revenue and spending amounts, not specifically to increases or decreases. Per former Parliamentarian of the Senate Robert Dove: Congress has used the procedure to enact omnibus budget bills, first in 1980. Between 1980 and 2009, 17 of 23 reconciliation bills have been signed into law by Republican presidents (a Republican

"Rescission bill"
461 totaling $25 billion. The last presidential rescission proposal was made for fiscal year 2000 during the Clinton administration. No presidential rescission proposals were requested during the presidencies of George W. Bush or of Barack Obama, although George W. Bush proposed ""cancellations"" of funding in the 2007 federal budget through a message that did not use the formal presidential rescission procedure. In April 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intention to develop a rescission proposal in response to the large funding increases contained in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, which had passed the previous month. The proposal was scaled back,

"Government shutdowns in the United States"
House on one side and President Barack Obama and the Senate on the other led to a budget impasse which threatened massive disruption. Late in the evening of October 16, 2013, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, and the President signed it shortly after midnight on October 17, ending the government shutdown and suspending the debt limit until February 7, 2014. The first shutdown of 2018 began at midnight EST on January 20. On January 19, a bill failed to pass the Senate 50–49 with the majority of Democrats voting ""no"". Five Republicans voted ""no"" and five Democrats voted

October 2013. In practice, the separation between policy making and funding and the division between appropriations and authorization activities are imperfect. Authorizations for many programs have long lapsed, yet still receive appropriated amounts, while other programs that are authorized receive no funds at all. In addition, policy language, which is legislative text changing permanent law, is included in appropriation measures. Each function within the budget may include ""budget authority"" and ""outlays"" that fall within the broad categories of discretionary spending or direct spending. Discretionary spending requires an annual appropriation bill, which is a piece of legislation. Discretionary spending is typically

United States budget process The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget. The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, and additional budget legislation. Prior to 1974, Congress had no formal process for establishing a federal budget. When President Richard Nixon began to refuse to spend funds that Congress had allocated, they adopted a more formal means by which to challenge him. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974

"Calcutta Cup"
Calcutta Cup The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the match between England and Scotland. It is the oldest of several individual competitions that take place under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, including: the Millennium Trophy, Centenary Quaich, Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy and the Auld Alliance Trophy (first contested in 2018). The cup was first competed for in 1879, Scotland were the most recent winners, while England have won the cup the most times overall - at 70 to 40 wins. The cup itself is of Indian workmanship, decorated with cobras and an elephant. On

to the World Wars between 1915–1919 and 1940–1946. As of 2018, 125 Calcutta Cup matches have taken place. Currently, this game is the annual match between the two nations in the Six Nations Championship. The ground alternates between Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh (on even years) and Twickenham Stadium in London (on odd years). In 2004, the two countries' rugby governing bodies, the Rugby Football Union (England) and the Scottish Rugby Union, were considering a plan to add a second Calcutta Cup fixture each year, outside the Six Nations. The second fixture would be hosted by the away nation in the

made using modern technology. In 1988 the cup was damaged by the antics of some drunken players, including England number eight Dean Richards and Scotland flanker John Jeffrey who played football with the Calcutta Cup along Princes Street in Edinburgh. Jeffrey received a six-month ban from the SRU, whilst Richards was given a one-match sentence from England. Despite the initial request of the Calcutta Club that the trophy be used as rugby's answer to football's FA Cup, the RFU refused to turn the Calcutta Cup into a knock-out competition for English club sides. They believed that ""competitiveness"" ran against the

amateur ethos and instead decided that a game should be played each year between England and Scotland and whoever wins should keep it for that year. The first Calcutta Cup match was played at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh, on 10 March 1879 and ended in a draw; Scotland scored a drop goal and England a goal. The following year on 28 February 1880 England became the first winners of the Calcutta Cup when they defeated Scotland by 2 goals & 3 tries to 1 goal in Manchester. Matches have continued on an annual basis ever since except for two interruptions due

"Scottish Cup"
football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world. It was first presented to Queen's Park, who won the final match of the inaugural tournament in March 1874. The current holders are Celtic, who won the tournament for a 38th time by defeating Motherwell 2–0 in the 2018 final. The tournament starts at the beginning of the Scottish football season, in the middle of August. The Scottish Cup Final is usually the last game of the season, taking place at the end of May. Participating teams enter the tournament at different stages depending on their league ranking. The

It was first played for in 1879, but the plinth shows records extending back to the first international in 1871. The original trophy is in a very fragile state following many years of poor treatment and is not in a strong enough condition to attend functions or go on tours. When won by England the original Calcutta Cup is put on public display in the Museum of Rugby in Twickenham, where it slowly turns around in a purpose built showcase. Both nations have full size replicas of the Cup. Whilst the original was handmade by Indian craftsmen, the replicas were

"Glasgow Celtic Society Cup"
the validity of a goal. The club took legal action and the cup was suspended for 12 years. Teams from the North sometimes entered and Lovat won in 1950 and 1951. Inveraray were champions in 2009, defeating Oban Camanachd 3-2. From 2004 until 2011, the competition had two unique bylaws - firstly all free-hits were direct and secondly, the penalty area was significantly larger, akin to a football penalty area, any infringement within this area culminating in a penalty hit. The restrictions regarding entry into the D and off-side remained the same as in the normal rules of shinty. As

had close links with Blackheath Football (Rugby) Club which was one of the most prominent Clubs in the early years of the Rugby Football Union. Members of both clubs served in India in the 1870s. This link is the most likely explanation for the creation of a similar cup being created by the Calcutta rugby Club a few years later and becoming the world-famous Calcutta Cup. Calcutta Cup The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the match between England and Scotland. It is the oldest of several individual competitions that take place under the umbrella of

Rob Andrew. In 1884 Calcutta Cricket and Football Club again set up a rugby section and in 1890 set up an inter club trophy, the Calcutta Rugby Union Challenge Cup, promptly christened the Calcutta Cup. The Cup is currently held by Jungle Crows who beat CC&FC. The second division trophy was won by Calcutta Cricket and Football Club Panthers. The original and oldest Calcutta Cup is a silver trophy played for annually by the members of Royal Blackheath Golf Club. It was a gift from the Royal Calcutta Golf Club in response to the presentation of a medal given by

Hampden Park in Glasgow. On occasions when Hampden has been unavailable, such as when it was being renovated in the late 1990s and when it was being transformed into an athletics stadium for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the semi-finals have been hosted at Celtic Park and Ibrox Stadium, also in Glasgow. Hampden Park also usually hosts the final match of the tournament. The venue has hosted the majority of finals including the first in 1874. Other venues that have hosted the final in the tournament's early years are Hamilton Crescent, Kinning Park and Cathkin Park; all in Glasgow. The last

"I Knew the Bride"
I Knew the Bride ""I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)"" is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album ""Get It"" and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on ""Live Stiffs Live"". Lowe performed the song during a Stiff Records European tour with Elvis Costello, Ian Dury, Wreckless Eric, and Larry Wallis; the tour was filmed for the 1981 documentary ""If It Ain't Stiff, It Ain't Worth a Fuck"". In 1985, Nick Lowe recorded a

of the song have been released on various albums, including: I Knew the Bride ""I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)"" is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album ""Get It"" and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on ""Live Stiffs Live"". Lowe performed the song during a Stiff Records European tour with Elvis Costello, Ian Dury, Wreckless Eric, and Larry Wallis; the tour was filmed for the 1981 documentary ""If It Ain't Stiff, It

recording appeared on many of his compilation releases, including 1981’s ""The Best of Dave Edmunds"", 1994’s ""Chronicles"", and 2008’s ""The Many Sides of Dave Edmunds: The Greatest Hits and More"". Live versions featuring Edmunds and Lowe harmonizing appeared on two albums from Rockpile, the group featuring both singers, as well as Billy Bremner and Terry Williams. The official release was on the ""Live at Montreux 1980"" album in 2011, but the song was also on the much earlier bootleg album ""They Call It Rock"" from the late 1970s. Hunter S. Thompson's ""Songs of the Doomed: More Notes on the Death

slower studio version for the album ""The Rose of England"", produced by Huey Lewis (on harmonica) and featuring Lewis' band ""The News"". It reached #27 on the US rock chart and #77 on the US pop chart. Edmunds released several live versions over the years, from 1987’s ""I Hear You Rockin’"", to 1999’s ""KIng Biscuit Flour Hour Presents"", to 2005’s ""Live and Pickin’"", and 2011’s ""A Pile of Rock Live"". He also released a remixed studio version on 1999’s ""Hand Picked Musical Fantasies"", which also appeared on the 2004 release ""From Small Things: The Best of Dave Edmunds"". The original

"Julie Rogers"
Julie Rogers Julie Rogers (born Julie Rolls, 6 April 1943, Bermondsey, London, England) is an English pop singer. She is best known for her multi-million selling song, ""The Wedding"". Rogers, the youngest of five children, had piano lessons and started her career after leaving Kingsbury County Grammar School. She worked as a dancer in Spain, as a secretary in Britain and as a stewardess on a Union-Castle Line ship, before singing with the Teddy Foster Orchestra, with which she toured the UK and America. A&R man Johnny Franz signed her to a recording contract with Philips Records in 1964, and

"Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)"
chart. The song is notable for lead singer Patti LaBelle singing in a high whistle register vocal near the end of the song while backed up by her lower-octave singing partners. The group recorded an alternate version that same year. Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song) ""Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)"" is a doo-wop ballad recorded and released by girl group Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles in 1963. The song became a hit success for the Philadelphia-based vocal group following the controversial release of their ""debut hit"", 1962's ""I Sold My Heart to the Junkman"". By 1963, the controversy

Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song) ""Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)"" is a doo-wop ballad recorded and released by girl group Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles in 1963. The song became a hit success for the Philadelphia-based vocal group following the controversial release of their ""debut hit"", 1962's ""I Sold My Heart to the Junkman"". By 1963, the controversy over the hit song, ""I Sold My Heart to the Junkman"", which was credited to the Bluebelles singing group but was rumored to be recorded by another group, had died down. Despite getting credit for ""Junkman"", the group failed to

of the American Dream"", a 1990 anthology of essays and works of new journalism, has a chapter named after the song. The song is part of the ""Sounds of the Seventies: Punk and New Wave"" from Time-Life Records. British poet Hugo Williams titled his 11th book after the song; an earlier collection had similarly been named after an Everly Brothers song. Robert Christgau, upon the release of ""Live Stiffs Live"", characterized the song as ""Lowe's answer to ""You Never Can Tell"", a 1964 song by Chuck Berry. Decades later, ""Austin City Limits"" called it a ""cheeky roots/pop tune."" Cover versions

"The Wedding (song)"
The Wedding (song) ""The Wedding"", sometimes credited as ""The Wedding (La Novia)"", is a popular song by Joaquin Prieto from 1964 recorded by British singer Julie Rogers. The song was included on Rogers' extended play from 1964, which was also titled ""The Wedding"", and has appeared on various compilation albums in the years since its release. Joaquín Prieto, a Chilean musician, wrote a song in Spanish in 1958 that he called ""La novia"" (""The bride""). Both the original Spanish language version, recorded by Joaquin Prieto's brother, Antonio in Argentina, and an English translation by Fred Jay soon became well known

Catholic wedding, especially with the use of the Latin words of Franz Scubert's version of ""Ave Maria"". The Wedding (song) ""The Wedding"", sometimes credited as ""The Wedding (La Novia)"", is a popular song by Joaquin Prieto from 1964 recorded by British singer Julie Rogers. The song was included on Rogers' extended play from 1964, which was also titled ""The Wedding"", and has appeared on various compilation albums in the years since its release. Joaquín Prieto, a Chilean musician, wrote a song in Spanish in 1958 that he called ""La novia"" (""The bride""). Both the original Spanish language version, recorded by

the clergy of the various legally recognized churches, and the learned professions of law and medicine. The ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century. Some subsections of the liberal arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts of grammar, logic, and rhetoric—and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts of music and astronomy. Each subsection includes the analysis and interpretation of information. Academic areas that are associated with the term liberal arts include: For example, the core courses for Georgetown University's Doctor of Liberal Studies program cover philosophy,

"Liberal education"
to increased study of both Ancient Greek and Latin. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, liberal education focused mostly on the classics. Commoners, however, were not too keen on studying the classics, so they instead took up vernacular languages and literature, and also the sciences. Until at least the twentieth century, both humanist and classicist influences remained in the liberal education, and proponents of a progressive education also embraced the humanist philosophy. Study of the classics continued in the form of the Great Books program. Robert Maynard Hutchins brought this program to the University of Chicago. Upon Hutchins' resignation, the

Liberal education A liberal education is a system or course of education suitable for the cultivation of a free (Latin: ""liber"") human being. It is based on the medieval concept of the liberal arts or, more commonly now, the liberalism of the Age of Enlightenment. It has been described as ""a philosophy of education that empowers individuals with broad knowledge and transferable skills, and a stronger sense of values, ethics, and civic engagement ... characterised by challenging encounters with important issues, and more a way of studying than a specific course or field of study"" by the Association of American

"Liberal arts colleges in the United States"
States include the Associated Colleges of the South, and the Seven Sisters of the South. Chapter One (""The Liberal Arts: What is a Liberal Arts Education and Why is it Important Today"") of Howard Greene and Matthew Greene's """", defines the goals of a liberal arts education in the following manner: In a complex, shifting world, it is essential to develop a high degree of intellectual literacy and critical-thinking skills, a sense of moral and ethical responsibility to one's community, the ability to reason clearly, to think rationally, to analyze information intelligently, to respond to people in a compassionate and

"Master of Arts in Liberal Studies"
Artium Liberalium Magister (ALM, or Art. Lib. Mgr.), Magister Artium Liberalium (Mgr. Art. Lib.), and Doctor of Liberal Studies (DLS). Characteristics that distinguish these degrees include curricular flexibility and interdisciplinary synthesis via a master's thesis or capstone project. Like other master's degree programs, students generally enroll in a master's in liberal studies only after receiving a bachelor's degree. , there were over 130 colleges and universities offering liberal arts master's programs. Admissions criteria vary by institution. Postgraduate liberal studies originated at Wesleyan University in 1953. Administrators sought to 'break graduate education free' from what they perceived as 'the bonds of

"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)"
When a Man Loves a Woman (song) ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart and the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary

on the old ""Billboard"" Hot 100 charting system which relied on sales and airplay reports before switching over to Soundscan. Also, with the Percy Sledge original having reached number one previously, Bolton's version made it the seventh song in history to top the Hot 100 as recorded by multiple artists. When a Man Loves a Woman (song) ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and R&B

"Percy Sledge"
Percy Sledge Percy Tyrone Sledge (November 25, 1941 – April 14, 2015) was an American R&B, soul and gospel singer. He is best known for the song ""When a Man Loves a Woman"", a No. 1 hit on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts in 1966. It was awarded a million-selling, Gold-certified disc from the RIAA. Having previously worked as a hospital orderly in the early 1960s, Sledge achieved his strongest success in the late 1960s and early 1970s with a series of emotional soul songs. In later years, Sledge received the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Career

"When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song)"
When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song) ""When a Woman Loves a Man"" is a song written by Rafe VanHoy and Mark Luna, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Roy Parnell with Trisha Yearwood providing harmony. It was released in August 1995 as the second single from his album ""We All Get Lucky Sometimes"". The song spent 20 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 12 in 1996. The music video was directed by Steven Goldmann and premiered in August 1995. ""When a Woman Loves a Man"" debuted at number 67 on

"Bernie Hanighen"
Bernie Hanighen Bernard D. Hanighen (April 27, 1908, Omaha, Nebraska – October 19, 1976, New York City, New York) was an American songwriter and record producer best known for ""When a Woman Loves a Man"" and writing lyrics to the jazz composition ""'Round Midnight"" which was composed by jazz musician Thelonious Monk. Hanighen also worked with Clarence Williams and Johnny Mercer. Hanighen composed lyrics for the 1946 Broadway musical ""Lute Song"", which starred Mary Martin and Yul Brynner, and which featured music by Raymond Scott. Bernie Hanighen and Cootie Williams collaborated to transform Thelonious Monk's bop masterpiece ""'Round Midnight"", creating

the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of September 9, 1995. When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song) ""When a Woman Loves a Man"" is a song written by Rafe VanHoy and Mark Luna, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Roy Parnell with Trisha Yearwood providing harmony. It was released in August 1995 as the second single from his album ""We All Get Lucky Sometimes"". The song spent 20 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 12 in 1996. The music video was directed by Steven Goldmann and

"When a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song)"
When a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song) ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" is a song by Jody Watley, released as the final single from her fourth album, ""Intimacy"". While ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" peaked at #115 on the U.S. pop chart, it had a significantly more successful showing on the R&B chart, where it landed at number 11. Also, ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" peaked at #33 in the UK, making it Watley's first Top 40 hit since ""Friends"" peaked at number 21 in 1989. In 1994, ""When a Man Loves a Woman"" was

Singles chart. The song was initially recorded by Percy Sledge at Rick Hall's FAME Studios at Muscle Shoals, before being re-recorded at the nearby Norala Studios owned by Quin Ivy. The sidemen for the recording included Spooner Oldham, Farfisa organ; Marlin Greene, guitar; Albert ""Junior"" Lowe, double bass and Roger Hawkins, drums. Andrew Wright and Calvin Lewis did not play on the record. Rick Hall arranged a distribution deal with Atlantic Records, but Jerry Wexler asked that the song be re-recorded because the horns were out of tune. According to musician David Hood, ""They went back in the studio and

peaking at number two in 1987 on the UK Singles Chart after it was featured in a Levi's Jeans commercial. The Percy Sledge version is listed 53rd in ""Rolling Stone""'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Also in 1987, it was reissued in the US to promote the soundtrack album for Oliver Stone's film ""Platoon"". Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright were members of the Esquires, a band in Sheffield, Alabama fronted by singer Percy Sledge. According to Wright, ""We were set to play a Friday night dance, and we were practicing ... I was messing around on the organ when

behind the Australian language term ""to sledge"", meaning ""to put someone off their game"", first used in Test cricket, though the phrase more probably derives from ""subtle as a sledgehammer"". Percy Sledge Percy Tyrone Sledge (November 25, 1941 – April 14, 2015) was an American R&B, soul and gospel singer. He is best known for the song ""When a Man Loves a Woman"", a No. 1 hit on both the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts in 1966. It was awarded a million-selling, Gold-certified disc from the RIAA. Having previously worked as a hospital orderly in the early 1960s,

"Chloride shift"
Chloride shift Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO) and chloride (Cl) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). Carbon dioxide (CO) is generated in tissues as a byproduct of normal metabolism. It dissolves in blood plasma and into red blood cells (RBC), where carbonic anhydrase catalyzes its hydration to carbonic acid (HCO). Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates to form Hydrogen Carbonate Ions (HCO) and a hydrogen ion (H). In response to the

Carboxylation
to γ-carboxyglutamate, in proteins. It occurs primarily in proteins involved in the blood clotting cascade, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X, protein C, and protein S, and also in some bone proteins. This modification is required for these proteins to function. Carboxylation occurs in the liver and is performed by γ-glutamyl carboxylase. The carboxylase requires vitamin K as a cofactor and performs the reaction in a processive manner. γ-carboxyglutamate binds calcium, which is essential for its activity. For example, in prothrombin, calcium binding allows the protein to associate with the plasma membrane in platelets, bringing it into close proximity

"Parietal cell"
Parietal cell Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells) are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the cardia of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in

lipid-soluble quinone that is found in the mitochondrion membrane: The start of the reaction, and indeed of the entire electron chain, is the binding of a NADH molecule to complex I and the donation of two electrons. The electrons enter complex I via a prosthetic group attached to the complex, flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The addition of electrons to FMN converts it to its reduced form, FMNH. The electrons are then transferred through a series of iron–sulfur clusters: the second kind of prosthetic group present in the complex. There are both [2Fe–2S] and [4Fe–4S] iron–sulfur clusters in complex I. As the

"Hydrochloric acid"
and acidifies the stomach content to a pH of 1 to 2. Chloride (Cl) and hydrogen (H) ions are secreted separately in the stomach fundus region at the top of the stomach by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa into a secretory network called canaliculi before it enters the stomach lumen. Gastric acid acts as a barrier against microorganisms to prevent infections and is important for the digestion of food. Its low pH denatures proteins and thereby makes them susceptible to degradation by digestive enzymes such as pepsin. The low pH also activates the enzyme precursor pepsinogen into the active

"Serum chloride"
Serum chloride Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of serum chloride is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Chloride ions have important physiological roles. For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action of glycine and some of the action of GABA relies on the entry of Cl into specific neurons. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion;

"Chloride channel"
the chloride and the proton share a common pathway on the extracellular side, but diverge on the intracellular side. CLC channels also have dependence on H, but for gating rather than Cl exchange. Instead of utilizing gradients to exchange two Cl for one H, the CLC channels transport one H while simultaneously transporting millions of anions. This corresponds with one cycle of the slow gate. Eukaryotic CLC channels also contain cytoplasmic domains. These domains have a pair of CBS motifs, whose function is not fully characterized yet. Though the precise function of these domains is not fully characterized, their importance

interactions with the protein. In the channels, the protein does not shield chloride ions at one binding site from the neighboring negatively charged chlorides. Each negative charge exerts a repulsive force on the negative charges next to it. Researchers have suggested that this mutual repulsion contributes to the high rate of conduction through the pore. CLC transporters shuttle H across the membrane. The H pathway in CLC transporters utilizes two glutamate residues—one on the extracellular side, Glu, and one on the intracellular side, Glu. Glu also serves to regulate chloride exchange between the protein and extracellular solution. This means that

"Oxaloacetic acid"
Oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HOCC(O)CHCOH. Oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and the citric acid cycle. Oxaloacetic acid undergoes successive deprotonations to give the dianion: At high pH, the enolizable proton is ionized: The enol forms of oxaloacetic acid are particularly stable, so much so that the two tautomer have different melting points (152

Glucuronide
of a glucuronide are called glucuronidases. Glucuronide A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. The glucuronides belong to the glycosides. Glucuronidation, the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys.

"Sailor Uranus"
three powerful Talismans, the other two of which are carried by Sailor Neptune and Sailor Pluto. In the manga, she seems to already know it is a Talisman; in the anime, she does not gain the sword until it is revealed as such. In either case, it is used in her second attack, ""Space Sword Blaster"" , which fires damaging energy, as well as in physical strikes. Her third and final attack, appearing only in the manga, is called , which uses no item at all. The Uranus Crystal is perhaps her most important possession, as it is her Sailor

"Sailor Saturn"
and everyone, but before she manages to strike the ground Sailor Chibi Moon throws herself at Saturn to stop her from completing the action and sacrificing her life, nevertheless, the Glaive releases massively destructive power that destroys most of Nehellenia's palace. In the manga series, the Death Busters use a power source called the Taioron Crystal which is the life source of their homeworld. One fragment somehow ended up in the possession of Hotaru's late mother, Keiko Tomoe, with Professor Tomoe giving the item to Hotaru in order to ease her seizures while nourishing Mistress 9 until the Daimon stole

"Sailor Moon S: The Movie"
Just before Kaguya could kill the Sailor Scouts, Sailor Moon arrives and tries to talk her out of her plot. Wanting more strength, she activates the mighty powers of the legendary Holy Grail to evolve into Super Sailor Moon, but is easily overpowered by Snow Queen Kaguya. Determined to protect the Earth and its people, Usagi prepares to activate the Legendary Silver Crystal's immense energy and power. The eight Sailor Guardians, along with Sailor Chibi Moon, combine their own strength and Sailor abilities at once to further strengthen the healing power of the Legendary Silver Crystal, destroying Snow Queen Kaguya

"Sailor Moon (TV series)"
also returns, now donning her own magical girl identity of Sailor Chibi Moon. The Death Busters eventually discover that Haruka and Michiru hold two of the Talismans and acquire them at the cost of their lives, but Setsuna — who holds the third — revives them. The Talismans create the Holy Grail, allowing Usagi to acquire a second form: Super Sailor Moon. The Death Busters' intentions then change to harvesting Heart Crystals en masse to resurrect the malevolent entity known as Mistress 9. Chibiusa also befriends a sickly girl named Hotaru, unaware that she is the daughter of the Death

"Ultraman Ginga S The Movie"
them to cooperate. The rest of the UPG members and Musashi were sent to the mission instead while provided with Shepherdon's Spark Doll by Sho but once infiltrated the castle, Etelgar imprisoned them except Musashi in their nightmares, leaving him to fight against Arina. Once their training completed, the handcuffs used to restrain them transforms into their true forms, the Ultra Fusion Brace. As Zero narrated, the object was entrusted to them by Ultraman King, the legendary figure of the Land of Light. Hikaru delivered the news of his and Sho's success to his comrades, giving them the strength to

"Sailor Moon (character)"
Silver Crystal using Queen Serenity's power. They were then carried to Earth where they were reincarnated centuries later, with no memories of their prior existences. All seven rainbow crystals (and, as in the manga, one of Usagi's tears) are needed to recombine to form the Silver Crystal. Usagi and ""Sailor Moon"" series evolved from Naoko Takeuchi's earlier one-shot series called ""Codename: Sailor V"". In Takeuchi's first proposal for the ""Sailor Moon"" series, each of the five heroines had a completely unique outfit. It was eventually decided that they would instead wear uniforms based on a single theme, whose design was

"Sailor Moon Crystal"
by Usagi and the others. A group of villains called the Black Moon Clan, led by Prince Demande, initiate a series of operations while looking for Chibiusa and the Silver Crystal. Chibiusa is revealed to be Sailor Moon's and Tuxedo Mask's daughter from a distant future that has been decimated by the Clan, and is searching for Sailor Moon and the Silver Crystal in order to save her mother. Sailor Moon and her friends accompany Chibiusa to the future, and they meet the Guardian of Time and Chibiusa's friend, Sailor Pluto. Chibiusa is manipulated by Demande's advisor and the true

Usagi defeats Queen Metaria at the end of season one; and finally in the ""R"" movie. It is shown as the source of Queen Serenity's power during the age of Silver Millennium, with Usagi Tsukino and Chibiusa each going on to inherit the Crystal in some form. However, it is also shown in the ""S"" movie that the power of all the Senshi working in unison allows Sailor Moon to use the Crystal's full strength without the result being fatal (although she was still exhausted afterwards from using it). Both the anime, manga and second anime series commonly portray the

Sailor Saturn in an event that ends with her demise.. The infant Hotaru would later grow to her former within a matter of days should she need to reawaken, with a visitation by the soul of her past life completing the process. Sailors Uranus, Neptune and Pluto gained their second evolved transformation when Hotaru gives them their Sailor Crystals while she regained her teenage body. In the anime, Hotaru is still a baby when her power floods Sailors Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, upgrading them and herself to their evolved Super forms. In both versions, Hotaru has visions of coming events,

Silver Crystal as possibly the single most powerful artifact in the universe, able to focus the energy of its wielder to perform magnificent feats. However, several artifacts rival it in strength, including the Black Crystal of the Death Phantom, and the Saffer Crystal of Sailor Galaxia. In the fifth series of the anime, the crystal also appears to double as the Star Seed of Sailor Moon, which was hinted at in the ""R"" movie, and the manga implies that it is her Sailor Crystal. It takes on a multitude of shapes, including round, diamond, rose, heart, star, and lotus, and

"Swinging on a Star"
recording by Big Dee Irwin and Little Eva reached No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1964. Also in 1964, Richard Anthony sang a French version, ""À toi de choisir"". Swinging on a Star ""Swinging on a Star"" is an American pop standard with music composed by Jimmy Van Heusen and lyrics by Johnny Burke. It was introduced by Bing Crosby in the 1944 film ""Going My Way"", winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song that year, and has been recorded by numerous artists since then. In 2004 it finished at #37 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs

Swinging on a Star ""Swinging on a Star"" is an American pop standard with music composed by Jimmy Van Heusen and lyrics by Johnny Burke. It was introduced by Bing Crosby in the 1944 film ""Going My Way"", winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song that year, and has been recorded by numerous artists since then. In 2004 it finished at #37 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Songwriter Jimmy Van Heusen was at Crosby’s house one evening for dinner, and to discuss a song for the film project ""Going My Way"". During

Garrett and Marley Sims; two versions of this song were used, one for the first season and a new recording for the second. A new theme, with music by Jay Graydon and lyrics by Richard Page, was introduced in the third season and used for the remainder of the show's run. The new theme has similarities to the first but with a more positive attitude. Carter performed both themes. The show has been in syndication since 1985. Reruns have also aired nationally on WWOR EMI Service and USA. Distribution rights are jointly owned by The Program Exchange and NBCUniversal Television

"Ross D. Wyllie"
Ross D. Wyllie Ross D. Wyllie (born 21 November 1944) is an Australian pop music singer, television presenter and producer from the 1960s and 1970s. Wyllie had a top 20 hit with his cover of Ray Stevens' song ""Funny Man"" and an Australian No. 1 with ""The Star"", both in 1969. Originally from Brisbane, he hosted, ""Uptight"", a weekly four-hour music series, on Channel 0 in Melbourne from 1967 to 1969. In 1970 he followed with a similar show, ""Happening '70"", and from 1978 to 1980, he presented films on a late-night time slot. Ross D. Wyllie was born in

"Personality (TV series)"
celebrity panelist had to guess how a series of people responded to questions related to the celebrity. In the final round, each celebrity panelist had to guess how a different celebrity answered questions. Each correct answer was worth $25 for the person they were playing for. The panelist with the most money at the end of the game won a vacation for his/her audience/home viewer partner. The show's original theme was ""Strutting with Maria"" by Herb Alpert, while the second was composed by Bob Cobert. The second theme was later used for Stewart's ""Three on a Match"". The series is

"Terraplane Sun"
Terraplane Sun Terraplane Sun is an American band from Venice, Los Angeles. It was formed by Ben Rothbard (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica), Johnny Zambetti (lead guitar, mandolin, vocals), Chris ""Cecil"" Campanaro (bass, vocals), Gabe Feenberg (lap steel guitar, accordion, trombone), and Lyle Riddle (drums). The band is best known for the ""Get Me Golden"" single. Their music appeared in Hollywood films, including the 21 Jump Street, Playing for Keeps, What To Expect When You're Expecting, as well as popular TV series like Teen Wolf, Suits, Franklin & Bash, Nurse Jackie, and the theme for A&E’s show Relapse. Their most Popular

in 1968. The record was produced by Roger Savage. It contains two side-long medleys of then-current songs including, ""Midnight Hour"", ""You Are My Sunshine"" and ""Day Tripper"". Wyllie had a No. 17 hit on ""Go-Set""s National Top 40 in July 1969, with his cover of Ray Stevens' song, ""Funny Man"". His National No. 1 hit, ""The Star"", followed in November. ""The Star"", written by Johnny Young, was later covered by United Kingdom act Herman's Hermits as ""Here Comes the Star"". In 1970 ""Uptight"" was replaced on Channel 0 by a one-hour pop music series, ""Happening '70"", with Wyllie retained as

"Big Dee Irwin"
Big Dee Irwin DiFosco ""Dee"" T. Ervin Jr. (July 6, 1932 – August 27, 1995), usually known professionally as Big Dee Irwin, was an American singer and songwriter whose biggest hit was a version of ""Swinging On A Star"" in 1963, recorded as a duet with Little Eva. Dee Ervin was born in Harlem, New York. Some sources give his first name as Defosca and his family name as Erwin. He joined the United States Air Force, and in 1954 was based at Narsarssuak Air Base in Greenland. While there, he formed a singing group, The Pastels, with himself as

Starstuff
Starstuff Starstuff is an hour-long children's television program taped at WCAU-TV Studios on City Line Avenue in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. It was shown in the Philadelphia television market only. There was only one season of ""Starstuff"" with a total of 18 episodes airing on Saturday mornings. While it was first shown in 1980, it was rerun repeatedly throughout the next several years. The opening and closing music consisted of a melange of music from Gustav Holst's ""The Planets"" suite, movements four and six, Jupiter and Uranus. ""Starstuff"" centered around a boy named Chris (Todd Porter) and a girl named Ingrid

"Germ cell"
Germ cell A germ cell is any biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually. In many animals, the germ cells originate in the primitive streak and migrate via the gut of an embryo to the developing gonads. There, they undergo meiosis, followed by cellular differentiation into mature gametes, either eggs or sperm. Unlike animals, plants do not have germ cells designated in early development. Instead, germ cells can arise from somatic cells in the adult (such as the floral meristem of flowering plants). Multicellular eukaryotes are made of two fundamental cell types. Germ

researchers to study the force created by the spindle poles to allow the chromosomes to move, cleavage furrow management and distance segregration. Spermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes (Figure 1). Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis (Figure 3). Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After Meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that

Spermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes (Figure 1). Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis (Figure 3). Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After Meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes. All male animals produce spermatocytes, even hermaphrodites such as ""C. elegans"", which exist as a male

"Somatic cell"
germ cells give rise to spermatozoa and ova which fuse during fertilization to produce a cell called a zygote, which divides and differentiates into the cells of an embryo. There are approximately 220 types of somatic cells in the human body. Theoretically, these cells are not germ cells (the source of gametes); they never transmit to their descendants the mutations they have undergone. However, in sponges, non-differentiated somatic cells form the germ line and, in Cnidaria, differentiated somatic cells are the source of the germline. The word ""somatic"" is derived from the Greek word ""sōma"", meaning ""body"". As multicellularity evolved

Oocyte
Oocyte An oocyte (, ), oöcyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. In other words, it is an immature ovum, or egg cell. An oocyte is produced in the ovary during female gametogenesis. The female germ cells produce a primordial germ cell (PGC), which then undergoes mitosis, forming oogonia. During oogenesis, the oogonia become primary oocytes. An oocyte is a form of genetic material that can be collected for cryoconservation. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources have been put into action as a means of conserving traditional livestock. The formation of an oocyte

Gametogonium
the mouse and primate ovaries. Gametogonium Gametogonium (plural gametogonia) are stem cells for gametes located within the gonads. They originate from primordial germ cells, which have migrated to the gonads. Male gametogonia which are located within the testes during development and adulthood are called spermatogonium (plural spermatogonia). Female gametogonia, known as oogonium (plural oogonia), are found within the ovaries of the developing foetus and were thought to be depleted at or after birth. Spermatogonia and oogonia are classified as sexually differentiated germ cells. Germ cells are specified early in development and can only differentiate into gametes. The segregation of germ

is partly dependent on syntheses of other cells. In amphibians, birds, and insects, yolk is made by the liver (or its equivalent) and secreted into the blood. Neighboring accessory cells in the ovary can also provide nutritive help of two types. In some invertebrates some oogonia become nurse cells. These cells are connected by cytoplasmic bridges with oocytes. The nurse cells of insects provide oocytes macromolecules such as proteins and mRNA. Follicular granulosa cells are the second type of accessory cells in the ovary in both invertebrates and vertebrates. They form a layer around the oocyte and nourish them with

cells produce gametes and are the only cells that can undergo meiosis as well as mitosis. These cells are sometimes said to be immortal because they are the link between generations. Somatic cells are all the other cells that form the building blocks of the body and they only divide by mitosis. The lineage of germ cells is called germ line. Germ cell specification begins during cleavage in many animals or in the epiblast during gastrulation in birds and mammals. After transport, involving passive movements and active migration, germ cells arrive at the developing gonads. In humans, sexual differentiation starts

testicles and go on continuously. Spermatogonia are immature germ cells. They proliferate continuously by mitotic divisions around the outer edge of the seminiferous tubules, next to the basal lamina. Some of these cells stop proliferation and differentiate into primary spermatocytes. After they proceed through the first meiotic division, two secondary spermatocytes are produced. The two secondary spermatocytes undergo the second meiotic division to form four haploid spermatids. These spermatids differentiate morphologically into sperm by nuclear condensation, ejection of the cytoplasm and formation of the acrosome and flagellum. The developing male germ cells do not complete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis. Consequently, cytoplasmic

"Three Little Pigs (film)"
Three Little Pigs (film) Three Little Pigs is an animated short film released on May 27, 1933 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Burt Gillett. Based on a fable of the same name, the ""Silly Symphony"" won the 1934 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. The short cost $22,000 and grossed $250,000. In 1994, it was voted #11 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. In 2007, ""Three Little Pigs"" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being

these incidents, Bugs decides to help the wolf and get revenge on all three pigs, who are now at the brick house. Three Little Pigs (film) Three Little Pigs is an animated short film released on May 27, 1933 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Burt Gillett. Based on a fable of the same name, the ""Silly Symphony"" won the 1934 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. The short cost $22,000 and grossed $250,000. In 1994, it was voted #11 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. In

its DVD debut on December 4, 2001, included in the Silly Symphonies Vol. 1 set of the Walt Disney Treasures line, with the PAL release retaining the Jewish peddler animation. It was later included in ""Walt Disney's Timeless Tales, Vol. 1"", released August 16, 2005 (featuring the edited version in the US Silly Symphonies set), which also featured ""The Pied Piper"" (1933), ""The Grasshopper and the Ants"" (1934), ""The Tortoise and the Hare"" (1935) and ""The Prince and the Pauper"" (1990). In those other countries to whom the original 1933 cartoon was first released with original soundtracks in both English

to represent the complacency of the Western world in allowing Adolf Hitler to make considerable acquisitions of territory without going to war, and was notably used in Disney animations for the Canadian war effort. The song was further used as the inspiration for the title of the 1963 play ""Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"" In the United States, the short was first released on VHS, Betamax and Laserdisc in 1984 as part of its ""Cartoon Classics"" Home Video series. It came out on VHS in the UK in spring 1996 as part of the Disney Storybook Favourites series. It made

"Three Little Pigskins"
his head in his hands."" Three Little Pigskins Three Little Pigskins is a 1934 film directed by Raymond McCarey and starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the fourth short film released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959. The Stooges are ""recruited"" by a college to drum up publicity for the college's football team by being dressed up as football players. Meanwhile, the owner of a professional football team, Joe Stacks, has to find three new players for

Three Little Pigskins Three Little Pigskins is a 1934 film directed by Raymond McCarey and starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the fourth short film released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959. The Stooges are ""recruited"" by a college to drum up publicity for the college's football team by being dressed up as football players. Meanwhile, the owner of a professional football team, Joe Stacks, has to find three new players for the next game. One of

and other foreign languages, the uncensored images — with original 1933 soundtracks in both English and other foreign languages — are still issued by Disney corporation in home release videos. Disney produced several sequels to ""Three Little Pigs"", though none were nearly as successful as the original. The first of them was ""The Big Bad Wolf"", also directed by Burt Gillett and first released on April 14, 1934. All four characters of the original film returned along with two new additions: Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother, originating from a different folktale which also featured a wolf as the

"The Three Little Pigs"
interaction between them. The antagonist of this version is a fox, not a wolf. The pigs' houses are made either of mud, cabbage, or brick. Blacky, the third pig, rescues his brother and sister from the fox's den after the fox has been defeated. The most well-known version of the story is the award-winning 1933 ""Silly Symphony"" cartoon, which was produced by Walt Disney. The production cast the title characters as ""Fifer Pig"", ""Fiddler Pig"", and ""Practical Pig"". The first two are depicted as both frivolous and arrogant. The story has been somewhat softened. The first two pigs still get

the story to the accompaniment of Johannes Brahms' Hungarian Dances. The second was ""The Three Little Bops"", featuring the pigs as a jazz band, who refused to let the inept trumpet-playing wolf join until after he died and went to Hell, whereupon his playing markedly improved. Both of these cartoons were directed by ex-Disney animator Friz Freleng. The third film was ""The Windblown Hare"", featuring Bugs Bunny, and directed by Robert McKimson. In ""Windblown"", Bugs is conned into first buying the straw house, which the wolf blows down, and then the sticks house, which the wolf also blows down. After

"The Three Pigs"
Then the wolf ate the pig up. ""One by one, the pigs exit the fairy tale's border and set off on an adventure of their own. Folding a page of their own story into a paper airplane, the pigs fly off to visit other storybooks, rescuing about-to-be-slain dragons and luring the cat and the fiddle out of their nursery rhyme."" In May 2002, it was reported that the book was optioned to Walt Disney Feature Animation, and its development was announced in December 2003 as a 2D/3D animated hybrid film. However, the project was eventually taken off the schedule and

"California Gold Rush"
California Gold Rush The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time

others. California Gold Rush The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the

California to the United States. The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma. On January 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. Marshall brought what he found to John Sutter, and the two privately tested the metal. After the tests showed that it was gold, Sutter expressed dismay: he wanted to keep the news quiet because he feared what would happen to his plans for an agricultural empire if there were a mass

The first immigrants from Europe, reeling from the effects of the Revolutions of 1848 and with a longer distance to travel, began arriving in late 1849, mostly from France, with some Germans, Italians, and Britons. It is estimated that approximately 90,000 people arrived in California in 1849—about half by land and half by sea. Of these, perhaps 50,000 to 60,000 were Americans, and the rest were from other countries. By 1855, it is estimated at least 300,000 gold-seekers, merchants, and other immigrants had arrived in California from around the world. The largest group continued to be Americans, but there were

by attacking the miners. This provoked counter-attacks on native villages. The Native Americans, out-gunned, were often slaughtered. Those who escaped massacres were many times unable to survive without access to their food-gathering areas, and they starved to death. Novelist and poet Joaquin Miller vividly captured one such attack in his semi-autobiographical work, ""Life Amongst the Modocs."" The first gold found in California was made on March 9, 1842. Francisco Lopez, a native California, was searching for stray horses. He stopped on the bank of a small creek in what later was known as Placerita Canyon, about east of the present-day

train assembly ports, and then travelling in a wagon train along the California Trail. Many others came by way of the Isthmus of Panama and the steamships of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. Australians and New Zealanders picked up the news from ships carrying Hawaiian newspapers, and thousands, infected with ""gold fever"", boarded ships for California. Forty-niners came from Latin America, particularly from the Mexican mining districts near Sonora and Chile. Gold-seekers and merchants from Asia, primarily from China, began arriving in 1849, at first in modest numbers to ""Gum San"" (""Gold Mountain""), the name given to California in Chinese.

tens of thousands each of Mexicans, Chinese, Britons, Australians, French, and Latin Americans, together with many smaller groups of miners, such as African Americans, Filipinos, Basques and Turks. People from small villages in the hills near Genova, Italy were among the first to settle permanently in the Sierra Nevada foothills; they brought with them traditional agricultural skills, developed to survive cold winters. A modest number of miners of African ancestry (probably less than 4,000) had come from the Southern States, the Caribbean and Brazil. A number of immigrants were from China. Several hundred Chinese arrived in California in 1849 and

land. ""Claim-jumping"" meant that a miner began work on a previously claimed site. Disputes were often handled personally and violently, and were sometimes addressed by groups of prospectors acting as arbitrators. This often led to heightened ethnic tensions. In some areas the influx of many prospectors could lead to a reduction of the existing claim size by simple pressure. Four hundred million years ago, California lay at the bottom of a large sea; underwater volcanoes deposited lava and minerals (including gold) onto the sea floor. By tectonic forces these minerals and rocks came to the surface of the Sierra Nevada,

when the Californios began to agitate for independence from Mexico, and the Bear Flag Revolt caused many Mexicans to leave California. The first people to rush to the goldfields, beginning in the spring of 1848, were the residents of California themselves—primarily agriculturally oriented Americans and Europeans living in Northern California, along with Native Americans and some ""Californios"" (Spanish-speaking Californians). These first miners tended to be families in which everyone helped in the effort. Women and children of all ethnicities were often found panning next to the men. Some enterprising families set up boarding houses to accommodate the influx of men;

era ghost towns still in existence, the remains of the once-bustling town of Shasta have been preserved in a California State Historic Park in Northern California. Gold was also discovered in Southern California but on a much smaller scale. The first discovery of gold, at Rancho San Francisco in the mountains north of present-day Los Angeles, had been in 1842, six years before Marshall's discovery, while California was still part of Mexico. However, these first deposits, and later discoveries in Southern California mountains, attracted little notice and were of limited consequence economically. By 1850, most of the easily accessible gold

"German verbs"
German verbs German verbs may be classified as either ""weak"", with a dental consonant inflection, or ""strong"", showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of these are regular systems. Most verbs of both types are regular, though various subgroups and anomalies do arise; however, textbooks for learners often class all strong verbs as irregular. The only completely irregular verb in the language is ""sein"" (""to be""). There are more than 200 strong and irregular verbs, but there is a gradual tendency for strong verbs to become weak. As German is a Germanic language, the German verb can be understood historically as

to do with the gerundive, although it is created in a similar way. One simply puts the word ""zu"" before the infinitive, perhaps before the permanent prefix, but after the separable prefix. The infinitive with ""zu"" extended with ""um"" expresses purpose (in order to...). The subject of the main clause and the verb in the infinitive must be identical. There are three persons, two numbers and four moods (indicative, conditional, imperative and subjunctive) to consider in conjugation. There are six tenses in German: the present and past are conjugated, and there are four compound tenses. There are two categories of

"Germanic strong verb"
well up""). Thus, there are now 5 subgroups: In class 4, part 2 is generalised, eliminating older ""-u-"" here also. Example: ""nehmen nahm genommen"" (""to take""). Class 5 is little changed from Old High German. Class 6 is also preserved. In Modern German the ""uo"" is monophthongised to ""u"". In class 7, the various past tense vowels have merged into a single uniform ""--"". Two verbs have back-formed new present stems from the past stem, and have eliminated ""grammatischer Wechsel"" and shortened the vowel in the past tense: ""fangen fing gefangen"" (""to catch""), ""hängen hing gehangen"" (""to hang"") The following

For example: ""Das stundenlange Herumgefahre im Bus geht mir total auf die Nerven."" (""The silly driving around for hours in the bus is totally getting on my nerves."") These forms are hard to build for complex infinitives; therefore they are unusual. When they occur, all object phrases and adverbial phrases are put before the gerund noun: Although there are six tenses in German, only two are simple; the others are compound and therefore build on the simple constructions. The tenses are quite similar to English constructions. Conjugation includes three persons, two numbers (singular and plural), three moods (indicative, imperative and

but in this class 2 verb it is derived from part 4 by an a-mutation. Germanic strong verbs are commonly divided into 7 classes, based on the type of vowel alternation. This is in turn based mostly on the type of consonants that follow the vowel. The Anglo-Saxon scholar Henry Sweet gave names to the seven classes: I. The ""drive"" conjugation II. The ""choose"" conjugation III. The ""bind"" conjugation IV. The ""bear"" conjugation V. The ""give"" conjugation VI. The ""shake"" conjugation VII. The ""fall"" conjugation However, they are normally referred to by numbers alone. In Proto-Germanic, the common ancestor of

as a principal part. If we choose to use all five, then for this verb they are ""bēodan, bīett, bēad, budon, boden"". The list of five principal parts includes: Strictly speaking, in this verb ""ablaut"" causes only a threefold distinction: parts 1 and 2 are from the e-grade, part 3 from the o-grade, and parts 4 and 5 from the zero grade. The other two distinctions are caused by different kinds of regressive metaphony: part 2, when it is distinct at all, is always derived from part 1 by Umlaut. In some verbs, part 5 is a discrete ablaut grade,

the preterite ""woke"" (Middle English ""wook"") only conforms to the modern class 4 preterite, not to the historic class 4 preterite in ""a"". In Modern English this group has lost all group cohesion. Class 5 verbs in Modern English: ""bid"" (in the sense of ""to command"" or ""to invite""), ""eat, forbid, give, lie"" (= lie down), ""see, sit"". The verb ""quethe"" is only used poetically now. ""Get, speak, tread"", and ""weave"", which come from Class 5 verbs, are now Class 4. The verb """" comes from a Class 2 verb in Old English. The preterite can be ""forbad"" or ""forbade""

""bid"". The obsolete verb is now used only as the passive participle ""forlorn"". This group does not form a coherent class, as each verb has different irregularities from each other verb. Class 3 in English is still fairly large and regular. The past is formed either from the old past singular or from the past plural. Many of the verbs have two past forms, one of which may be dialectal or archaic (""begin, drink, ring, shrink, sing, slink, spin, spring, stink, swing, swim"" and ""wring""). However, there are some anomalies. The class 3 verbs in modern English are: English ""fling""

- litt - gelitten, schneiden - schnitt - geschnitten"". In class 2, part 2 is generalised, eliminating older ""-u-"". Class 2b verbs are rare, as in Old High German. The verb ""ziehen"" has preserved the verner alternation: ""ziehen - zog - gezogen"" The verb ""sieden"" has preserved the verner alternation: ""sieden - sott - gesotten"". In class 3, part 2 is generalised. The ""o"" of the 3b participle has been passed by analogy to some 3a verbs, and also to the past of some verbs of both groups: ""beginnen begann begonnen"", ""bergen barg geborgen"" (""to rescue""), ""quellen quoll gequollen"" (""to

""to pray"": weak transitive verb ""bitten"" ""to ask for, to beg"": strong transitive verb Some strong verbs change their stem vowel in the second and third person singular of the indicative mood of the present tense. ""lesen"" ""to read"": strong transitive verb werden ""to become"" (strong, irregular) haben ""to have"" (mostly weak, irregular) Compare the archaic English conjugation: sein ""to be"" (suppletive, irregular) Modal verbs are inflected irregularly. In the present tense, they use the ""preterite"" endings of the strong verbs. In the past tense, they use the preterite endings of the weak verbs. In addition, most modal verbs have

"David Bushnell"
David Bushnell David Bushnell (August 30, 1740 – 1824 or 1826), of Westbrook, Connecticut, was an American inventor, a patriot, a scholar, and a veteran of the Revolutionary War. He invented the first submarine to be used in battle. Bushnell was born near Saybrook, Connecticut into a farming family. He was the first of five children born to Nehemiah and Sarah Ingram Bushnell. Following the death of his father circa 1769, he sold his half interest in the family Westbrook farm to his brother Ezra and entered Yale College in 1771 at the relatively old age of 31. Bushnell is

"Horace Lawson Hunley"
November 8, 1863. Horace Lawson Hunley Horace Lawson Hunley (June 20, 1823 in Sumner County, Tennessee – October 15, 1863 off Charleston, South Carolina) was a Confederate marine engineer during the American Civil War. He developed early hand-powered submarines, the most famous of which was posthumously named for him, CSS ""H. L. Hunley"". Though he was born in Tennessee, Hunley's parents (Louisa Harden Lawson and John Hunley) relocated to New Orleans. Hunley served in the Louisiana State Legislature and practiced law in New Orleans. In 1861, after the start of the American Civil War, Hunley joined James R. McClintock and

Horace Lawson Hunley Horace Lawson Hunley (June 20, 1823 in Sumner County, Tennessee – October 15, 1863 off Charleston, South Carolina) was a Confederate marine engineer during the American Civil War. He developed early hand-powered submarines, the most famous of which was posthumously named for him, CSS ""H. L. Hunley"". Though he was born in Tennessee, Hunley's parents (Louisa Harden Lawson and John Hunley) relocated to New Orleans. Hunley served in the Louisiana State Legislature and practiced law in New Orleans. In 1861, after the start of the American Civil War, Hunley joined James R. McClintock and Baxter Watson in

"History of submarines"
a hand crank. With a crew of 20, it was larger than Confederate submarines. ""Alligator"" was long and about in diameter. It was lost in a storm off Cape Hatteras on April 1, 1863, while uncrewed and under tow to its first combat deployment at Charleston. The ""Intelligent Whale"" was built by Oliver Halstead and tested by the U.S. Navy after the American Civil War and caused the deaths of 39 men during trials. The Confederate States of America fielded several human-powered submarines, including CSS ""H. L. Hunley"" (named for its designer and chief financier, Horace Lawson Hunley). The first

"H. L. Hunley (submarine)"
H. L. Hunley (submarine) H. L. Hunley, often referred to as Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. ""Hunley"" demonstrated the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (USS ""Housatonic""), although ""Hunley"" was not completely submerged and, following her successful attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. The Confederacy lost 21 crewmen in three sinkings of ""Hunley"" during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly

"Frank Cable"
his death on 21 May 1945, at the age of 81. In 1978, the submarine tender was named in his honour. Frank Cable Frank Taylor Cable (19 June 1863 – 21 May 1945) was an early pioneer in submarine development and piloted the first United States Navy submarine, during its pre-commissioning trials. Cable was born in New Milford, Connecticut, where his father was a farmer. He attended Claverack College in Hudson, New York, followed by Franklin Institute and Drexel Institute in Philadelphia. Cable was employed by the Electro-Dynamic Company owned by financier Isaac Rice and William Woodnut Griscom. Rice was

Frank Cable Frank Taylor Cable (19 June 1863 – 21 May 1945) was an early pioneer in submarine development and piloted the first United States Navy submarine, during its pre-commissioning trials. Cable was born in New Milford, Connecticut, where his father was a farmer. He attended Claverack College in Hudson, New York, followed by Franklin Institute and Drexel Institute in Philadelphia. Cable was employed by the Electro-Dynamic Company owned by financier Isaac Rice and William Woodnut Griscom. Rice was a financial supporter of inventor John Phillip Holland, whose Holland Torpedo Boat Company (the forerunner and precursor to the Electric Boat

"George Garrett (inventor)"
the United States Army Corps of Engineers and was promoted to corporal. He became a U.S. citizen and died in New York City in 1902. George Garrett (inventor) George William Littler Garrett (4 July 1852 – 26 February 1902) was a British clergyman and inventor who pioneered submarine design. He was brought up in Moss Side in Manchester, Lancashire, England, the son of an Irish-born Church of England curate. He attended Rossall School near Fleetwood and then Manchester Grammar School, then studied Chemistry and General Science at Owens College (also in Manchester) before attending Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed

"Nautilus (1800 submarine)"
Nautilus (1800 submarine) Nautilus was a submarine first tested in 1800. Though preceded by Cornelis Drebbel's vessel of 1620, ""Nautilus"" is often considered to be the first practical submarine. ""Nautilus"" was designed between 1793 and 1797 by the American inventor Robert Fulton, then living in the French First Republic. He unsuccessfully proposed to the Directory that they subsidize its construction as a means to balance British seapower. His second, also unsuccessful, proposal to them was that he be paid nothing until ""Nautilus"" had sunk British shipping, and then only a small percentage of the prize money. Fulton directed his next

in 1814 Silas Halsey lost his life while using a submarine in an unsuccessful attack on a British warship stationed in New London harbor. During the American Civil War, the Union was the first to field a submarine. The French-designed ""Alligator"" was the first U.S. Navy sub and the first to feature compressed air (for air supply) and an air filtration system. It was the first submarine to carry a diver lock, which allowed a diver to plant electrically detonated mines on enemy ships. Initially hand-powered by oars, it was converted after 6 months to a screw propeller powered by

"Grand Slam (tennis)"
low prize money. In 1970, George MacCall's National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe. In terms of the current four majors, the first to win all four in a single year was Don Budge, who completed the feat in 1938. To date, 17 players have completed a Grand Slam, though only six in the most prestigious singles titles. Of these players, three have won multiple majors: Rod Laver accomplished the

1983–1984. On the men's side, Novak Djokovic was the first singles player since Rod Laver to hold all four major titles at once, which he accomplished between Wimbledon 2015 and the 2016 French Open. Prior to the Open Era, Don Budge received the same accolades in winning the French Championships in 1938, but then completed the more prestigious Grand Slam at the 1938 US Championships, giving him six majors in a row, the only male to ever win more than four consecutive major tournaments. The Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) were the last to achieve a non-calendar year Grand Slam

in men's doubles. Several players and teams came up one title short. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, known collectively as The Woodies, reached the final of the 1997 French Open while holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek. In singles, Pete Sampras lost the 1994 French Open quarterfinal to fellow countryman Jim Courier, having won the previous three majors. Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007, and Novak Djokovic in 2012 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his countryman

Federation designated the Australasian, French (before 1925 only open to members of French tennis clubs), British and American championship tournaments as the four majors. Before that time only three events: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (held in Paris & once in Brussels) and the World Covered Court Championships (held in various locations) were considered the premier international tennis events by the ILTF. Tony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of those earlier majors in one year: 1913. It has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925. It was not possible

America by 1930. ""Grand slam"" has been used in golf since 1930, when Bobby Jones won the four major championships, two British and two American tournaments. Although John F. Kieran of ""The New York Times"" is widely credited with first applying the term ""grand slam"" to tennis to describe the winning of all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year, sports columnist Alan Gould had used the term in that connection almost two months before Kieran. The possibility of being the reigning champion of all the current four majors did not exist until 1924–25, when the International Lawn Tennis

in a particular tennis discipline. The year shown for each of the four majors is the year that particular major win was repeated as part of that player's achievement of their second (all 22 players) and third (8 players) and fourth (4 players) and fifth through seventh (Martina Navratilova, in women's doubles) complete slam set of major wins. For example, the fourth row shows that Margaret Court completed her third career slam set in Women's Singles—winning each of the four majors three times—during the 1970 Wimbledon Championships (bold). More specific, she won: Australian open 11 times, the third in 1962;

ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, five men (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic) and six women (Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova) have achieved this. Several singles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam, grouped by the ""missing"" Grand Slam tournament: Several doubles players have won three major championships without

Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, Manuel Santana, Jan Kodeš and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase (at 35 years old) and Björn Borg came just once. Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players, including professionals, who at that point were prohibited from playing the traditional circuit. Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the

achieving the Career Grand Slam: Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one male (Roy Emerson) and five female (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams). Court, Hart and Navratilova are the only three players to have completed a ""Career Boxed Set"", winning all four titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles; this has never been done by a male player. The remainder of this section is a complete list, by format, of all players who have won the Career Grand Slam. Players are ordered chronologically by their

French Open five times, the third in 1969; Wimbledon three times (determines the maximum of sets), the third in 1970 and finally US Open five times, the third in 1969. Grey background shades lesser achievements by the same player in the same discipline (e.g., Court in the eighth row); yellow highlights the greatest achievement in the discipline (e.g., Graf in the third row). By discipline (numbers of players and table entries) Before the Open Era began in 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four majors. Many male top players ""went pro"" in order to win prize

"Bhilangna River"
Bhilangna River Bhilangna River is a Himalayan river in Uttarakhand, India, which is the major tributary of the Bhagirathi river, the source stream of the Ganges River of India. The mainstem, ""Bhilangna"", rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation ) approximately south of the ice cave at Gaumukh, traditionally considered the source of both the Bhagirathi and the Ganges and flows into the Bhagirathi at Old Tehri, the site of the Tehri dam. It meets its major tributary the ""Bal Ganga"" at Ghansali (elevation ). The ""Bal Ganga"", whose headwaters are formed at the foot of Mount Kukhli

Sarayu
take a dip in the Sarayu River at Ayodhya. The name is the feminine derivative of the Sanskrit root सर् ""sar"" ""to flow""; as a masculine stem, """" means ""air, wind"", i.e. ""that which is streaming"". The Sarayu forms at the confluence of the Karnali (or Ghaghara) and Mahakali (or Sharda) in Bahraich District at . It flows into the Ganges at . The river is mentioned three times in the Rigveda. The banks of the Sarayu are the location of the slaying of two ""Aryas"" at the hands of Indra in RV 4.30.18. It is listed together with western

"Patalganga River"
In Mahabharatha, when Bhishm was about to die, Arjuna is said to have extracted groundwater, namely, Patalganga, by shooting an arrow which made a hole in the ground and created a fountain. According to the Puranas, there are three tributaries of the River Ganges and they are Swarg Ganga (Mandakini), Bhoo Ganga (Bhagirathi) and Patal Ganga (Bhagvati). Before entering into the sea, the Ganges divides into several tributaries and then merges into the Bay of Bengal. The Patalganga river has been mentioned in ancient vedic texts and the temples in Turade-Karade area and its banks were considered holy and a

"Panch Prayag"
is joined by the Pindar River that originates from the Pindar glacier, below the Nanda Devi Mountain range. The epic Mahabharata legend narrates that Karna did penance here and earned the protective gear of ""Kavacha"" (armour) and ""Kundala"" (ear rings) from his father, the Sun god, which gave him indestructible powers. The name of the confluence is thus derived from the name of Karna. There is reference to this site in Meghaduta, a Sanskrit lyrical poetic drama written by the legendary poet Kalidasa, which attributes that Satopanth and Bhagirath glaciers joined here to form the Pindar River. Another classic work

Devprayag
Devprayag Devprayag (Deva prayāga) is a town and a nagar panchayat (municipality) in Tehri Garhwal district in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers meet and take the name Ganga. Traditionally, it is considered to be the place where sage Dev Sharma led his ascetic life, giving birth its present name, Devprayag. It is one of the five sacred confluences in the hills and is an important place of pilgrimage for devout Hindus. ""Devaprayāga"" means ""Godly Confluence"" in Sanskrit. As per Hindu scriptures, Devaprayaga is

"Triveni Sangam"
Triveni Sangam In Hindu tradition Triveni Sangam is the ""confluence"" (""Sangam"" in Sanskrit) of three rivers. The point of confluence is a sacred place for Hindus, with a bath here said to flush away all of one's sins and free one from the cycle of rebirth. One such Triveni Sangam, in Prayagraj (Allahabad), has the confluence of two rivers — the Ganges and the Yamuna. The two rivers maintain their visible identity and can be identified by their different colours. The water of the Ganges is clear, while that of the Yamuna is greenish in colour. A place of religious

"Karmanasa River"
Karmanasa River The Karmanasa River () is a tributary of the Ganges. It originates in Kaimur district of Bihar and flows through the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Along the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar it has the districts of Sonbhadra, Chandauli, Varanasi and Ghazipur on its left (UP side); and the districts of Kaimur and Buxar on its right (Bihar side). Karmanasa is also the name of a river in the Garhwal Himalayas. The name of the river means ""destroyer of religious merit"". There are several legends about it. According to one legend, the sage Vishvamitra

"Chandrabhaga River (Purna River)"
Chandrabhaga River (Purna River) Chandrabhaga is one of the major rivers in Amravati district of Maharashtra. As a tributary of the Purna, it forms a part of the Tapti-Purna river system. The main stream of the river rises down the Vairat Plateau in the Chikhaldara hills and takes an eastward course draining the south slopes of Chikhaldara and Gawilgarh plateaus. dam is built on the river as it comes out of the valley. The river takes a more southward turn from the dam and passes through the town of Daryapur before it meets with river Purna on the border of

the recipient of first jnanpith award was an author which language

"Bharatiya Jnanpith"
Bharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects like religion, philosophy, logic, ethics, grammar, astrology, poetics. Its research and publication programme started with the publication of the Dhavala texts. A Jain temple at Moodabidri in Karnataka, southern India, had stored for centuries its manuscript of palm-leaves. It was a 9th-century commentary in Prakrit and Sanskrit, of a

2nd-century AD work, Satkhandagama, in Prakrit on the Jain doctrine of karma. It has published two series of texts: It annually publishes hundreds of books in Hindi (both original and translated works) and other languages, and also presents India's highest literary awards, the Jnanpith Awards and the Moortidevi Award. Bharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects

"Despicable Me 3"
his show cancelled following puberty. Steve Carell, Miranda Cosgrove and Dana Gaier reprise their roles of Felonious Gru, Margo and Edith from the first two films and Julie Andrews returns as Marlena Gru, Gru's mother from ""Despicable Me"" (2010). Kristen Wiig and Steve Coogan return from ""Despicable Me 2"", while Trey Parker (co-creator of Comedy Central's ""South Park""), Jenny Slate and Nev Scharrel (replacing Elsie Fisher) join the cast. ""Despicable Me 3"" premiered on June 14, 2017, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, and had a theatrical release in the United States on June 30, 2017, by Universal Pictures

Despicable Me 3 Despicable Me 3 is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination for Universal Pictures. It is the third installment in the ""Despicable Me"" film series and the sequel to ""Despicable Me 2"" (2013). The film is directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, co-directed by Eric Guillon and written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio. In the film, Gru teams up with his long-lost twin brother Dru in order to defeat a new enemy named Balthazar Bratt, a former child actor, obsessed with the 1980s, who grows up to become a villain after having

emblem replaced with a ""D"" graffiti. Gru and Lucy decide to give them a five-minute head-start before engaging pursuit. Steve Burke, the NBCUniversal CEO, confirmed in September 2013 that a third film in the ""Despicable Me"" series was in development. Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, the writers of the first two films, announced that they would return to write the screenplay for the film. On April 13, 2016, Trey Parker, co-creator of ""South Park"", was cast as the main antagonist for the film, Balthazar Bratt. The soundtrack for ""Despicable Me 3"" was released on June 23, 2017. Pharrell Williams released

in 3D, RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 2017, the fifth highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 29th highest-grossing film of all time. It is Illumination's second film to gross over $1 billion, after ""Minions"" in 2015, becoming the first ever animated franchise to do so. Former villain Gru is now an agent for the Anti-Villain League (AVL). He and his partner/new wife Lucy are sent to foil the plans of Balthazar Bratt, a former child actor

"Scary Movie 3"
calls George, CJ and Mahalik for help. CJ says his Aunt Shaneequa might be able to help. Shaneequa (Queen Latifah), the Matrix Oracle, and her husband Orpheus (Eddie Griffin) agree to watch the tape. Shaneequa discovers the hidden image of a lighthouse and gets in a fight with Tabitha's mother. Shaneequa tells Cindy to find the lighthouse to break the curse. When Cindy returns home, she finds Cody watched the tape. At work, Cindy searches through pictures of lighthouses before finding the one from the tape. Desperate to save Cody, Cindy warns everyone by entering a message into the news

franchise."" Peter Debruge of ""Variety"" wrote, """"Despicable Me 3"" is unwieldy, but it mostly works, as co-directors Pierre Coffin (who also voices the Minions) and Kyle Balda never lose sight of the film's emotional center, packing the rest with as much humor as they can manage. The jokes come so fast and furious, the movie can hardly find room for Heitor Pereira's funky score, and though Pharrell Williams has contributed five new songs to sell soundtracks (including the sweet ""There's Something Special""), the movie hardly needs them."" Alonso Duralde of ""TheWrap"" gave the film a mixed review, saying: ""Ultimately, none

Katie (Jenny McCarthy) and Becca (Pamela Anderson) talk about what Katie believes is a sex tape, but Becca calls it a cursed tape. After several odd occurrences, they both die. Meanwhile, in a farm outside Washington, D.C., widowed farmer Tom Logan (Charlie Sheen) and his clumsy brother George (Simon Rex) discover a crop circle, saying ""Attack Here!"", after noticing the dog's strange activity (such as driving a tractor or getting stoned). Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris), now a blonde news reporter, announces the crop circles on the news. She picks up her paranormally endowed nephew Cody from school, where her best

"Scream 3"
busy schedules made arranging their availability with the film's production period difficult. The consequence of Campbell's commitments in particular meant she was only available to film her role for 20 days forcing the script to reduce the series' main character to a smaller role while focusing on the other characters played by Cox and Arquette. Lynn McCree finally makes a physical appearance in the series as Maureen Prescott (though only through a hallucination of Sidney), and Sidney now is a crisis counselor. Roger L. Jackson again returned to voice the antagonist Ghostface and Jamie Kennedy reprised his role as Randy

"Scream 3"
Jolie, Matt Keeslar as Tom Prinze, Jenny McCarthy as Sarah Darling, and Deon Richmond as Tyson Fox with Scott Foley as the film's director, Roman Bridger. Additional cast included Lance Henriksen as film producer John Milton, Patrick Dempsey as detective Mark Kincaid, Patrick Warburton as bodyguard Steven Stone, and Kelly Rutherford as Christine Hamilton, girlfriend to Cotton Weary. Rutherford was cast after filming had begun as the production was undergoing constant rewrites and the opening scene evolved from requiring only a female corpse to needing a live actress with whom Schreiber could interact. Shortly after being cast, Mortimer was found

"Scream 3"
Meeks in spite of the character's death in ""Scream 2"". Negative feedback following the death of Randy had the production consider methods to have had his character survive to appear in ""Scream 3"" including having the character's family hide him away for safety while recuperating from his injuries, but it was deemed too unbelievable and the idea was replaced with the character appearing in a minor role via a pre-recorded video message. Many of the supporting cast played fictitious actors taking part in the film within a film ""Stab 3"" including Emily Mortimer as Angelina Tyler, Parker Posey as Jennifer

"Life of Pi"
Orange Juice. A tiger has been hiding under the boat's tarpaulin: it's Richard Parker, who had boarded the lifeboat with ambivalent assistance from Pi himself some time before the hyena attack. Suddenly emerging from his hideaway, Richard Parker kills and eats the hyena. Frightened, Pi constructs a small raft out of rescue flotation devices, tethers it to the bow of the boat and makes it his place of retirement. He begins conditioning Richard Parker to take a submissive role by using food as a positive reinforcer, and seasickness as a punishment mechanism, while using a whistle for signals. Soon, Pi

story as one of ""personal growth through adversity."" The main character learns that ""tigers are dangerous"" at a young age when his father forces him to watch the zoo's Royal Bengal tiger patriarch, Mahisha, devour a live goat. Later, after he has been reduced to eking out a desperate existence on the lifeboat with the company of a fully grown tiger, Pi develops ""alpha"" qualities as he musters the strength, will and skills he needs to survive. In a 2002 interview with PBS, Martel said ""I was sort of looking for a story, not only with a small 's' but

"Life of Pi (film)"
Pi trains Richard Parker to accept him in the boat, and realizes that caring for the tiger is also helping keep himself alive. Weeks later they encounter a floating island of interconnected trees. It is a lush jungle of edible plants, fresh water pools and a large population of meerkats, enabling Pi and Richard Parker to eat and drink freely and regain strength. At night, the island transforms into a hostile environment. Richard Parker retreats to the lifeboat while Pi and the meerkats sleep in the trees; the water pools turn acidic, digesting the fish in them. Pi deduces that

supports his desire to grow, but his rationalist father tries to secularize him. Pi's family owns a zoo, and Pi takes interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. After Pi gets dangerously close to Richard Parker, his father forces him to witness the tiger killing a goat. When Pi is 16, his father announces that they must move to Canada, where he intends to settle and sell the animals. The family books passage with the animals on a Japanese freighter. During a storm, the ship founders while Pi is on deck. He tries to find his

ship sinks in the middle of the Pacific Ocean during a voyage to North America. Richard Parker is a royal Bengal tiger who is stranded on the lifeboat with Pi when the ship sinks. Richard Parker lives on the lifeboat with Pi and is kept alive with the food and water Pi delivers. Richard Parker develops a relationship with Pi that allows them to coexist in their struggle. In the novel, a hunter named Richard Parker is hired to kill a panther thought to have killed seven people within two months. Instead, he accidentally immobilizes a female Bengal tiger with

tranquilizer darts while her cub escapes hiding in a bush. Parker names the cub Thirsty after his enthusiasm when drinking from a nearby river. The paperwork that accompanies the shipment of the two tigers to Pi's family's zoo in Pondicherry states that the cub's name is ""Richard Parker"" and the hunter's given name is ""Thirsty"" and his surname is ""None Given"", due to a mix-up with the names. Pi's father finds the story so amusing that they continue to call the tiger ""Richard Parker"". Brian Bethune of ""Maclean's"" describes ""Life of Pi"" as a ""head-scratching combination of dense religious allegory,

killing and eating Pi, but is immediately killed by Richard Parker. Some time later, Pi's boat comes ashore on a floating island network of algae and inhabited by hundreds of thousands of meerkats. Soon, Pi and Richard Parker regain strength, but the boy's discovery of the carnivorous nature of the island's plant life forces him to return to the ocean. Two hundred and twenty-seven days after the ship's sinking, the lifeboat washes onto a beach in Mexico, after which Richard Parker disappears into the nearby jungle without looking back, leaving Pi heartbroken at the abrupt farewell. The third part of

family, but a crewman throws him into a lifeboat. A freed zebra jumps onto the boat with him, breaking its leg. The ship sinks into the Mariana Trench drowning his family. Pi briefly sees what appears to be a survivor, but it turns out to be Richard Parker. After the storm, Pi awakens in the lifeboat with the zebra, and is joined by a resourceful orangutan. A spotted hyena emerges from under a tarpaulin covering half of the lifeboat and snaps at Pi, forcing him to retreat to the end of the boat. The hyena kills the zebra and later

Life of Pi (film) Life of Pi is a 2012 American survival drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu Hashmi, Adil Hussain, and Gérard Depardieu. The storyline revolves around an Indian man named ""Pi"" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. The film had its worldwide premiere as the

Life of Pi Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor ""Pi"" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide. It was rejected by at least five London publishing houses before being accepted by Knopf Canada, which published it in September 2001. The UK edition won

"Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)"
the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House. Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) A Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of the State government in the Indian system of government. Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) are elected by the

"Vidhan Parishad"
Vidhan Parishad Article 169 of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of a Vidhan Parishad. The Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. , seven (7) (out of twenty-nine) states have a Legislative Council. They are elected by local bodies, legislative assembly, governor, graduates, teacher, etc. Odisha, too, is planning to make a legislative council. And members are known as MLC. There is a term of 6 years in the legislative council. Each Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) serves for a six-year term, with terms

"President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong"
Political party: Political party: President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong The President of the Legislative Council () is the speaker of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. According to the Article 71 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the President of the Legislative Council is elected by and from among Legislative Council members, plays the presiding role, administrative role and ceremonial role, and ensures the smooth conduct of the Legislative Council meetings. From the establishment of the council in 1843 to 1993, the President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the Governor. In 1991, a Deputy

two unicameral legislatures in Union Territories: the Delhi Legislative Assembly and Puducherry Legislative Assembly. In states where there are two houses there is a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly. In such a case, the Legislative Council is the Upper House, while Legislative Assembly is the Lower House of the State Legislature. The Governor shall not be a member of the Legislature or Parliament, shall not hold any office of profit, and shall be entitled to emoluments and allowances. (Article 158 of Indian constitution). The Legislative Assembly consists of not more than 500 members and not fewer than 60. The

"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"
designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The current Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha is Biman Banerjee and the current Deputy Speaker is Haider Aziz Safwi who replaced Sonali Guha, who had been Speaker since May 2011, in May 2016. In the Vidhan Sabha, a simple majority vote in the Assembly in which all present members participate determine both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — the presiding officers — who are also its members. The party in power proposes the name of their candidate after its candidate after titular hearings with Leaders of other

the Assembly, without latter motions being voted upon. Once the final tally of votes is declared, the Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition escort the Speaker elect to the Chair. His speech, in which he thanks the Assembly, marks the start of the tenure of the new Speaker. The Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has to be an MLA. The current speaker, Biman Banerjee, is the MLA from the Baruipur Paschim constituency. To become the Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India, not less than 25 years of age.

Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. Many bodies also have a speaker ""pro tempore"" or deputy speaker,

"Central Legislative Assembly"
officer (or speaker) of the Assembly was called the President. While the Government of India Act 1919 provided for the President to be elected, it made an exception in the case of the first President, who was to be appointed by the Government. The Governor-General appointed Frederick Whyte, a former Liberal member of the British House of Commons who had been a parliamentary private secretary to Winston Churchill. Sachchidananda Sinha was the Deputy President of Assembly in 1921. Ganesh Vasudev Mavlankar was the last President of the Assembly till the Assembly came to an end on 14 August 1947. He

President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong The President of the Legislative Council () is the speaker of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. According to the Article 71 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the President of the Legislative Council is elected by and from among Legislative Council members, plays the presiding role, administrative role and ceremonial role, and ensures the smooth conduct of the Legislative Council meetings. From the establishment of the council in 1843 to 1993, the President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the Governor. In 1991, a Deputy President, Sir John Joseph

He should be mentally sound and should not be bankrupt. He should also state an affidavit that there are no criminal procedures against him. The Speaker is elected by other members of the Vidhan Sabha and is responsible for the conduct of business of the body. A Deputy Speaker to also elected to preside during the Speaker's absence. The Speaker acts as a neutral judge and manages all debates and discussions in the Assembly. The Speaker can also initiate a motion of no confidence against the government in the state. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the

"Rising Star India (season 2)"
will move on to compete for the ""Ticket To Finale"". The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4. The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round. Rising Star India (season 2) Rising Star is

live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, ""Rising Star"" features a cast of celebrity

of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. WILD CARD Top 12 The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less

is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the

first contestant goes through. The Live auditions began on 20 January 2018 and went on till 4 February 2018. The top 31 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 10 February 2018. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. The Top 16 contestants compete in this round. Eight teams of two perform in duets. The first team perform with the wall up and set the target percentage. The next teams perform with the wall down and attempt to beat the target score. The duo with

votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 8 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The contestants compete to earn a direct entry to the finale week. In each episode, the contestant sitting on Golden Sofa (the contestant with the highest score)

the least score move to the Red Sofa (unsafe zone). The team with the lowest score gets eliminated. Episode 11: 24 February 2018 The Top 14 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end

invited to register for voting for that specific act. Following a countdown of three seconds, the candidate has to start performing behind a screen called ""The Wall"". With start of performance, the voting kicks in. Registered voters have the option of voting just ""Yes"" or ""No"". Non-votes are also considered ""No"" votes. If an expert votes ""Yes"", another 5% is added to the tally of the contestant. The contestants also see random photos of voters in their favour. Faces of panelists voting ""Yes"" is also be shown in larger frames. Once the contestant reaches 80% of ""Yes"" votes, the wall

experts and considers the viewers at home the judges. During each performance, the audience at home is able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant is sent through to the next round by using a mobile voting app. While the viewers at home are considered the ""judges"", the expert panelists also may influence the vote but with continuously decreasing percentage votes over the total public vote and not exceeding 5% of the total voting power. The first round where the acts are individually called to perform. As a reportage of the announced performer is shown, viewers are

"Rising Star India (season 1)"
Saleem, Neha Bhasin, Akriti Kakar & Jubin Nautiyal. Finalist Maithili Thakur gave a guest performance along with Jubin Nautiyal and sang the song Bawra Mann. Takkar The two bottom scorers of the episode participate in a face-off round. In this round, the collective judges score of 21% will be given to only one contestant who, according to them, performed better. Episode 24: 23 April 2017 The top 3 finalists Maithili Thakur, Bannet Dosanjh and Ankita Kundu compete in the first round. Each expert has 1% vote each as opposed to 7%. The top 2 contestants proeed to the Face-off round.

Reproduction
Reproduction Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – ""offspring"" – are produced from their ""parents"". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism. Asexual reproduction is not limited to single-celled organisms. The cloning of an organism is a form of asexual reproduction. By asexual reproduction, an organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy of itself. The evolution of sexual

"Sex organ"
organs as such. Sex organ A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal's body that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. The testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, are called the ""primary sex organs"". The external sex organs – the genitals or genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes, and the internal sex organs are called the secondary sex organs. Mosses, ferns, and some similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs, which are part of the gametophyte. The flowers of flowering plants produce pollen and

Sex organ A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal's body that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. The testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, are called the ""primary sex organs"". The external sex organs – the genitals or genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes, and the internal sex organs are called the secondary sex organs. Mosses, ferns, and some similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs, which are part of the gametophyte. The flowers of flowering plants produce pollen and egg cells, but

opposite of what it predicts. Reproduction Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – ""offspring"" – are produced from their ""parents"". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism. Asexual reproduction is not limited to single-celled organisms. The cloning of an organism is a form of asexual reproduction. By asexual reproduction, an organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy of

Mating of yeasts) and jellyfish, may also reproduce sexually. For instance, most plants are capable of vegetative reproduction—reproduction without seeds or spores—but can also reproduce sexually. Likewise, bacteria may exchange genetic information by conjugation. Other ways of asexual reproduction include parthenogenesis, fragmentation and spore formation that involves only mitosis. Parthenogenesis is the growth and development of embryo or seed without fertilization by a male. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some species, including lower plants (where it is called apomixis), invertebrates (e.g. water fleas, aphids, some bees and parasitic wasps), and vertebrates (e.g. some reptiles, fish, and, very rarely, birds and sharks).

Sex
reproduction is the way in which the genetic material is processed. Typically, prior to an asexual division, a cell duplicates its genetic information content, and then divides. This process of cell division is called mitosis. In sexual reproduction, there are special kinds of cells that divide without prior duplication of its genetic material, in a process named meiosis. The resulting cells are called gametes, and contain only half the genetic material of the parent cells. These gametes are the cells that are prepared for the sexual reproduction of the organism. Sex comprises the arrangements that enable sexual reproduction, and has

It is sometimes also used to describe reproduction modes in hermaphroditic species which can self-fertilize. Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms in a process that starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division. Each of two parent organisms contributes half of the offspring's genetic makeup by creating haploid gametes. Most organisms form two different types of gametes. In these anisogamous species, the two sexes are referred to as male (producing sperm or microspores) and female (producing ova or megaspores). In isogamous species, the gametes are similar

Sex
evolved alongside the reproduction system, starting with similar gametes (isogamy) and progressing to systems that have different gamete types, such as those involving a large female gamete (ovum) and a small male gamete (sperm). In complex organisms, the sex organs are the parts that are involved in the production and exchange of gametes in sexual reproduction. Many species, both plants and animals, have sexual specialization, and their populations are divided into male and female individuals. Conversely, there are also species in which there is no sexual specialization, and the same individuals both contain masculine and feminine reproductive organs, and they

"Asexual reproduction"
Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and bacteria. Many plants and fungi sometimes reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction can be likened to sexual reproduction in the sense of genetic recombination in meiosis.

specifically the testes in the male or the ovaries in the female. Gonads as primary sex organs, generate reproductive gametes containing inheritable DNA. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors. In general zoology, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in copulation, male genitalia are more strictly defined as ""all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her gonopore during sperm transfer""; female genitalia are defined as ""those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct

"First Battle of El Alamein"
First Battle of El Alamein The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (, which included the under Field Marshal () Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck). The British prevented a second advance by the Axis forces into Egypt. Axis positions near El Alamein, only from Alexandria, were dangerously close to the ports

and cities of Egypt, the base facilities of the Commonwealth forces and the Suez Canal. However, the Axis forces were too far from their base at Tripoli in Libya to remain at El Alamein indefinitely, which led both sides to accumulate supplies for more offensives, against the constraints of time and distance. Following their defeat at the Battle of Gazala in Eastern Libya in June 1942, the British Eighth Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie, had retreated east from the Gazala line into north-western Egypt as far as Mersa Matruh, roughly inside the border. Ritchie had decided not to hold

"Second Battle of El Alamein"
successful counter-offensive against the Axis Panzer Army Africa. With the Allies victorious, it was the watershed of the Western Desert Campaign. The Allied victory turned the tide in the North African Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal and the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields via North Africa. The Second Battle of El Alamein revived the morale of the Allies, being the first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch, which started on 8 November, the Battle

of C-in-C (which he refused). Gott was killed on the way to take up his command when his aircraft was shot down. Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery was appointed in his place and took command on 13 August. First Battle of El Alamein The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (, which included the under Field Marshal () Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa

Indian Infantry Division (in Matruh itself) and 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division (some down the coast at Gerawla) under X Corps HQ, newly arrived from Syria. Inland from X Corps would be XIII Corps with 5th Indian Infantry Division (with only one infantry brigade, 29th Indian, and two artillery regiments) around Sidi Hamza about inland, and the newly arrived 2nd New Zealand Division (short one brigade, the 6th, which had been left out of combat in case the division was captured and it would be needed to serve as the nucleus of a new division) at Minqar Qaim (on the escarpment

"First and Second Battles of El Teb"
repression of Urabi Pasha's revolt in 1882. Despite Egypt still being nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, the Khedive's rule was dependent on direct British support, given to ensure the security of the Suez Canal and the elimination of the Sudanese slave trade. However, the British government under Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone sought to stay out of affairs in Egyptian-governed Sudan, that was threatened by an uprising led by the Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad, who declared a ""Jihad"", against the ‘Turks’, represented by the Egyptian troops. The Mahdist forces enjoyed considerable success against Egyptian troops in 1882 and 1883, and

"Battle of Tell El Kebir"
Battle of Tell El Kebir The Battle of Tel El Kebir was fought between the Egyptian army led by Ahmed Urabi and the British military near Tell El Kebir. After discontented Egyptian officers under Urabi rebelled in 1882, the United Kingdom reacted to protect its interests in the country, and in particular the Suez Canal. On May 20, 1882, a combined Franco - British fleet arrived at Alexandria. At the same time, Egyptian troops were reinforcing the coastal defenses of the city in anticipation of an attack. These events heightened tension in Alexandria, and eventually triggered tumultuous rioting with loss

"Battle of Abu Hamed"
Egyptian governments would not again attempt major intervention until 1896, whereupon the government in Britain was impelled to act by several factors. The Egyptian economy had improved since British administrators commandeered the country's finances. Public sentiment towards Mahdist Sudan had been stoked by several embellished accounts of the Mahdists' savagery and the desire to avenge General Charles Gordon. France, Britain's longtime competitor in the Scramble for Africa, was beginning to encroach upon the Nile river valley, alongside the Belgians. Finally, it was politically advantageous in Europe for Britain to distract the Khalifa from the Italians in Eritrea, who had been

Second Battle of El Alamein The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt. In August 1942, General Claude Auchinleck was relieved as Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command. When Lieutenant-General William Gott was killed on his way to replace Auchinleck as commander of the Allied Eighth Army, Lieutenant-General Bernard Law Montgomery was appointed command in his place, and led the Eighth Army in a

"Humble and Kind"
Humble and Kind ""Humble and Kind"" is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the second single from his 14th studio album, ""Damn Country Music"". McKenna later recorded her rendition of the song for her eighth studio album, ""The Bird and the Rifle"", released in July 2016. Among several other wins and nominations, the song won the award for Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, ""Video of the Year"" at the 2016 CMT Music Awards, ""Song of the Year"" at 2016 CMA Awards and ""Country

at the 2016 ACM Awards, which pushed its sales to 64,000 for the week, as well as the song's ranking to No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs, his 26th No. 1 on the chart. The single was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on September 20, 2016. The song reached its million sales mark in December 2016, and has sold 1,252,000 copies in the US as of January 2018. Humble and Kind ""Humble and Kind"" is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the

Song of the Year"" at 2016 American Music Awards. It has been certified platinum and reached the number one position on the country music charts in both Canada and the United States. The song was written by Lori McKenna. In an interview with CMT published in July 2016, McKenna revealed the song was written for her husband and their five kids and is her list of all the things she wanted to make sure she’d told them. McGraw and frequent collaborator Byron Gallimore co-produced the song. On July 8, 2016, Lori McKenna released her rendition of ""Humble and Kind"" as

"Dear Hearts and Gentle People"
Dear Hearts and Gentle People ""Dear Hearts and Gentle People"" is a popular song published in 1949 with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Bob Hilliard. They were inspired to write the song based on a scrap of paper with the words ""Dear friends and gentle hearts"" written on it that was found on the body of Stephen Foster when he was discovered dying in a New York hotel room in January 1864. Popular versions were recorded in 1949 by Dinah Shore, Gordon MacRae, Bing Crosby, and Dennis Day. In the United Kingdom, the song was recorded by Doreen

"Ray E. Heady"
Ray E. Heady Ray E. Heady (February 17, 1916 – May 7, 2002) was an American clergyman. Heady devoted his adult life to the ministry of pastoring several churches in the North Texas area except for two years while pastoring in Bowling Green, Kentucky. He was the founding pastor of White Settlement Assembly of God and ministered at Broadview Assembly of God in Fort Worth, Texas for 28 years until he retired. Heady wrote the lyrics for over 100 gospel songs through the years. His songs have been recorded by such artists as The Blackwood Brothers, The Oak Ridge Boys,

"Harriet McEwen Kimball"
Harriet McEwen Kimball Harriet McEwen Kimball (November 2, 1834 – September 3, 1917) was an American poet, hymnwriter, philanthropist, and hospital co-founder. Kimball a native and resident of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was the author of ""Hymns"", (Boston, 1866); ""Swallow Flights of Song"", (1874). Her hymns included:— ""At times on Tabor's height"" (Faith arid Joy), ""Dear Lord, to Thee alone"" (Lent), ""It is an easy thing to say"". (Humble Service), ""We have no tears, Thou wilt not dry"" (Affliction). She appeared in the ""Poets of Portsmouth"" (1864), and the Unitarian Hymns of the Spirit (1864), and others. Several of Kimball's poems

"Charitie Lees Smith"
Charitie Lees Smith Charitie Lees Smith (later, Charitie Lees Bancroft; still later Charitie de Cheney or Charitie de Chenez; pen name, C.L.S. 21 June 1841 – 20 June 1923) was an Anglican Irish American hymnwriter. Her hymns, well known in England and Ireland, were included in ""Lyra Sacra Hibernica"", ""Ryle's Spiritual Songs"", ""Lyra Britannica"", and ""Times of Refreshing"". Additionally, she wrote various religious pieces for periodicals. Charitie Lees Smith was born on 21 June 1841, at Bloomfield, Merrion, County Dublin, the fourth child of Rev. George Sidney Smith and Charlotte Lees. The Rev. Smith was the minister of Colebrooke church,

"Is There for Honest Poverty"
Is There for Honest Poverty ""Is There for Honest Poverty"", commonly known as ""A Man's a Man for A' That"" or ""For a' That and a' That"", is a 1795 song by Robert Burns, written in Scots and English, famous for its expression of egalitarian ideas of society, which may be seen as expressing the ideas of republicanism that arose in the 18th century. Scottish folksinger Sheena Wellington sang the song at the opening of the Scottish Parliament in May, 1999. Midge Ure did the same in July 2016. The song was also sung at the funeral of Donald Dewar,

"Johnny Appleseed"
of education, our country, the environment, peace, moral integrity and leadership. Johnny Appleseed is remembered in American popular culture by his traveling song or Swedenborgian hymn (""The Lord is good to me ...""), which is today sung before meals in some American households: Oooooh, the Lord is good to me, and so I thank the Lord, for giving me the things I need, the sun and the rain and the appleseed. The Lord is good to me. Amen, Amen, Amen, Amen, Amen. Many books and films have been based on the life of Johnny Appleseed. One notable account is from

"Samuel Francis Smith"
Samuel Francis Smith Samuel Francis Smith (October 21, 1808 – November 16, 1895) was an American Baptist minister, journalist, and author. He is best known for having written the lyrics to ""My Country, 'Tis of Thee"", which he entitled ""America"". Smith was born in Boston, Massachusetts on October 21, 1808. Smith gave Lowell Mason the lyrics he had written and the song was first performed in public on July 4, 1831, at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston. The song, titled ""America"", was first published by Lowell Mason in ""The Choir"" in 1832. Smith later

a drug that might be used in surgery for its amnesic properties is

Anodyne
Anodyne An anodyne is a drug used to lessen pain through reducing the sensitivity of the brain or nervous system. The term was common in medicine before the 20th century, but such drugs are now more often known as analgesics or painkillers. The name derives from Greek ""anōdynos"" (), from ""an-"" (, ""without"") and ""odynē"" (, ""pain""). Etymologically, the term covers any substance that reduces pain, but the term was used more restrictively by doctors. Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows, leaves of violet, and elderberry. Other definitions

Anodyne
or unlikely to cause offence or debate. Anodyne An anodyne is a drug used to lessen pain through reducing the sensitivity of the brain or nervous system. The term was common in medicine before the 20th century, but such drugs are now more often known as analgesics or painkillers. The name derives from Greek ""anōdynos"" (), from ""an-"" (, ""without"") and ""odynē"" (, ""pain""). Etymologically, the term covers any substance that reduces pain, but the term was used more restrictively by doctors. Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows,

Thalidomide
Thalidomide Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs. Today, thalidomide is used mainly as a treatment of certain cancers (multiple myeloma) and of a complication of leprosy. Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany under the trade name Contergan. The German drug company Chemie Grünenthal developed and sold the drug. Primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, thalidomide also claimed to cure ""anxiety, insomnia, gastritis, and tension"". Afterwards, it was used against nausea and to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women. Thalidomide became

"Topical anesthetic"
bites or stings, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and minor cuts and scratches. Topical anesthetics are used in ophthalmology and optometry to numb the surface of the eye (the outermost layers of the cornea and conjunctiva) to: In dentistry, topical anesthetics are used to numb oral tissue before administering a dental local anesthetic due to the entry of the needle into the soft tissues of the oral cavity. Some topical anesthetics (e.g. oxybuprocaine) are also used in otolaryngology. Topical anesthetics are now commonly used in the temporary relief of premature ejaculation when applied to the glans (head) of the

"Estrogen (medication)"
is the established standard for treatment in bulimia cases. The estrogen research hypothesizes that the disease may be linked to a hormonal imbalance in the brain. Estrogens have been used in studies which indicate that they may be effective in the treatment of traumatic liver injury. In humans and mice, estrogens promote wound healing. Estrogen (medication) An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are

Analgesic
potential hazards of topical anesthetics entering the bloodstream when applied in large doses to the skin without medical supervision. These topical anesthetics contain anesthetic drugs such as lidocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, and prilocaine in a cream, ointment, or gel. The word ""analgesic"" derives from Greek ""an-"" (, ""without""), ""álgos"" (, ""pain""), and ""-ikos"" (, forming adjectives). Such drugs were usually known as anodynes before the 20th century. Some novel and investigational analgesics include subtype-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blockers such as funapide and raxatrigine, as well as multimodal agents such as ralfinamide.. Analgesic An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the

in oral contraceptives instead of estradiol because it has superior oral pharmacokinetics (higher bioavailability and less interindividual variability) and controls vaginal bleeding more effectively. This is due to its synthetic nature and its resistance to metabolism in certain tissues such as the intestines, liver, and uterus relative to estradiol. Besides oral contraceptives, other forms of combined hormonal contraception include contraceptive patches, contraceptive vaginal rings, and combined injectable contraceptives. Contraceptive patches and vaginal rings contain ethinylestradiol as the estrogen component, while combined injectable contraceptives contain estradiol or more typically an estradiol ester. Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women

breast enhancement to increase the size of the breasts. However, acute or temporary breast enlargement is a well-known side effect of estrogens, and increases in breast size tend to regress or disappear entirely following discontinuation of treatment. Aside from in those without prior established breast development, evidence is lacking for long-term or sustained increases in breast size with estrogens. Estrogens appear to be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia in both women and men. Estrogens that have been marketed come in two major types, steroidal estrogens and nonsteroidal estrogens. Estradiol, estrone, and estriol have all been approved as pharmaceutical drugs

"Medications used in dentistry and periodontics"
as Motrin, which may be used to relieve pain and are available over-the-counter. Local anesthesia, general anesthesia, nitrous oxide and intravenous sedation are all used during common procedures to help dull and control pain and anxiety. Topical anesthetic agents are typically intraorally to control pain or irritation caused by toothache, teething, or sores in or around the mouth. Topical anesthetics are available by prescription or over-the-counter. They are available in sprays, dental paste, dental gels, lozenges, ointments and solutions. Anbesol, Chloraseptic, Orajel and Xylocaine are examples of available anesthetics over-the-counter. Some medications are also given in order to control plaque

Analgesic
Analgesic An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily affect, and in some instances completely eliminate, sensation. Analgesics include paracetamol (known in North America as acetaminophen or simply APAP), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone. When choosing analgesics, the severity and response to other medication determines the choice of agent; the World Health Organization (WHO) pain ladder specifies

"United States women's national ice hockey team"
United States women's national ice hockey team The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having won gold or silver in every major tournament with the exception of the 2006 Winter Olympics, where they captured bronze. As of 2018, the U.S. has 75,832 female players. In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month. Roster for

the 2018 4 Nations Cup. Head Coach: Bob Corkum Roster for the 2018 U22 Series. Head coach: Joel Johnson For the 2010 Olympics, the team's training and development program was located in Blaine, Minnesota, at the Schwan Super Rink, the largest ice facility in the world. For the 2014 Olympics, the team's training was located in the Greater Boston region at the Edge Sports Center in Bedford, Massachusetts, while off-ice fitness facility was located at the Mike Boyle Strength & Conditioning Center in Woburn, Massachusetts. On 15 March 2017, players for the U.S. women's ice hockey team announced that they

"United States women's national gymnastics team"
was named the Final Five. They won the team competition by over eight points. The USA Gymnastics women have won the Olympic Gold three times, in 1996, 2012, and 2016. These successes led to the nicknames Magnificent Seven, Fierce Five, and Final Five, respectively. They won three silvers in 1984, 2004, 2008 and three bronzes in 1948, 1992 and 2000. The 2016 team name referenced Márta Károlyi's final team to coach and that the team structure will be changed to four members beginning with the 2020 Olympic Games. The 1988 Olympic Games was the only year in which the team

"United States women's national goalball team"
seven teams participating, and they finished second overall. The 1994 World Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The team was one of nine teams participating, and they finished eighth overall. The 1998 World Championships were held in Madrid, Spain. The team was one of eleven teams participating, and they finished third overall. The 2002 World Championships were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The team was one of ten teams participating, and they finished first overall. Representing the 2018 team for the championships are: Lisa Czechowski (Fort Wayne, Indiana), Amanda Dennis (Peachtree City, Georgia), Marybai Huking (Plain City, Utah),

"United States women's national field hockey team"
Janneke Schopman United States women's national field hockey team The United States women's national field hockey team, coached by Janneke Schopman since 2017, made its first international appearance in 1920 when a touring team visited England, coached by Constance M.K. Applebee. The team made several international appearances in the early 20th Century, leading to the United States hosting the eighth International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations Tournament in 1963. Once the IFWHA merged with its counterpart on the men's side, the United States' first appearance at an FIH-sanctioned tournament was the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,

years without a gold medal, before winning one in 2002, and following it with back-to-back wins in 2010 and 2014. Other nations to win gold include Great Britain in 1936, the Unified Team in 1992, Sweden in 1994 and 2006 and the Czech Republic in 1998. Other medal-winning nations include Switzerland, Germany, Finland and Russia. In July 1992, the IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event; it was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The Nagano Organizing Committee was hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament, but

United States women's national field hockey team The United States women's national field hockey team, coached by Janneke Schopman since 2017, made its first international appearance in 1920 when a touring team visited England, coached by Constance M.K. Applebee. The team made several international appearances in the early 20th Century, leading to the United States hosting the eighth International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations Tournament in 1963. Once the IFWHA merged with its counterpart on the men's side, the United States' first appearance at an FIH-sanctioned tournament was the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the

United States won in 1996 and Canada won in 2004 and 2016. Since the initial women's world championships in 1990, there have been fifteen tournaments. Women's hockey has been played at the Olympics since 1998. The 2006 Winter Olympic final between Canada and Sweden marked the only time the women's world championship or Olympic final did not involve both Canada and the United States. Other ice hockey tournaments featuring national teams include the World U20 Championship, the World U18 Championships, the World U-17 Hockey Challenge, the World Junior A Challenge, the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, the World Women's U18 Championships

"Michigan Wolverines women's ice hockey"
both in a rout of host team Turkey. In 2013, the selections expanded to include then-head coach Rob Blackburn (as an assistant on the US staff), along with Monica Korzon, Kristin Griebe and Kalli Bates. Those Wolverines were part of a history-making squad that became the first Americans to medal at WUG in the modern era and using ACHA players (a period that began in 2001 on the men's side). Korzon scored twice during the event, and while one (assisted by Bates) came late in a blowout of Spain, the other was the opening goal in the bronze medal game,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This was followed by the first IIHF World Championship in 1990 in Ottawa. Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal. The United States won the gold medal again in 2018 at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The United States Hockey League (USHL) welcomed the first female professional ice hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch. One woman, Manon Rhéaume, has played in an

"March of the Penguins"
melts and the distance to the sea decreases, until finally the parents can leave the chicks to fend for themselves. The DVD version includes a 54-minute film entitled ""Of Penguins and Men"" made by the film crew Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Mason about the filming of ""March of the Penguins"". Director and film crew spent more than 13 months at the Dumont d'Urville Station, where the Institut polaire français Paul-Émile Victor is based. Although the penguins' meeting place, one of four in Antarctica, was known to be near, the day on which it occurs is not known, so they had

survive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months. It took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land. ""March of the Penguins"" was released in France on January 26, 2005 and in the United States by Warner Independent Pictures on June 24, 2005. The documentary won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The documentary had a 2007 follow-up movie, ""Arctic Tale"", which only took in

March of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to

"Scott of the Antarctic (film)"
four when the tragedy happened, but Scott has always been one of my heroes and it's jolly satisfying to feel that the job of helping to bring the. great story of British enterprise and grit to the screen has fallen to me."" Three years' research was done for the film. Cameraman Osmond Baradaile spent six months in 1946-47 shooting background footage in the Antarctic at Hope Bay as well as at South Shetland and the Orkneys, travelling 30,000 miles. Filming started in June 1947 in Switzerland for four weeks, at the Jungrau Mountain and the Aletsch Glacier. In October 1947

there was further nine weeks location filming in Norway, near Finse, which was used to represent the area near the South Pole. The bulk of the scenes were shot at the Hardanger Jokul. The film's unit transferred to Ealing studios in London for three months of studio work. Playing the role, Mills wore Scott's actual watch which had been taken from his dead body. At the start of the film, consulted survivors and relatives of late members of Scott's expedition are thanked for their help: ""This film could not have been made without the generous co-operation of the survivors and

Scott of the Antarctic (film) Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee. Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the Swiss Alps and in Norway; no actual scenes were made in Antarctica,

to be ready every day. Fortunately, the gathering that year was huge – more than 1,200 penguins, compared with the norm of a few hundred. For cameras to operate at −40°, they had to use film and to load all the film for the day, as it was impossible to reload outside. Because of the isolation from any film studios, remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished. The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between −50 and −60°C (−58 and −76°F). At dawn,

"Antarctica: A Year on Ice"
Antarctica: A Year on Ice Antarctica: A Year on Ice is the first feature film by New Zealand filmmaker Anthony B. Powell. This documentary is set in Antarctica, specifically in the Ross Island region, which is home to two research bases: United States' McMurdo Station and New Zealand's Scott Base. It chronicles a year of time spent living and working at these remote stations; the summer season (October to February) when the sun shines 24 hours a day and the long dark winter (February to October) where the sun goes down for four long months and darkness envelopes the environment.

"The Grand Tour"
took place on 25 September 2016 in Southern California, with further recording taking place in Nashville on 21 November 2016. Studio recording in the United Kingdom took place in Whitby on 13 October 2016, with further recordings taking place at Loch Ness in December 2016. Further studio recording took place in Rotterdam on 22 October 2016 and Lapland on 3 November 2016. Stuttgart (Ludwigsburg) was also a filming location. The final studio filming took place in Dubai in December 2016. United Broadcast Facilities (UBF) in The Netherlands had won the contract for the outside broadcasting tent segments. Fourteen microphones were

Antarctica
optical phenomenon, is a bright ""spot"" beside the true sun. Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened

"Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2007"
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2007 The 11th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2007, were given on 18 December 2007. Runners-Up: George Clooney – ""Michael Clayton"" and Gordon Pinsent – ""Away from Her"" Runner-Up: Laura Dern – ""Inland Empire"" Runners-Up: ""Paprika"" and ""The Simpsons Movie"" Runners-Up: ""Eastern Promises"" and ""Radiant City"" Runners-Up: David Cronenberg – ""Eastern Promises"" and David Fincher – ""Zodiac"" Runners-Up: ""Iraq in Fragments"" and ""My Kid Could Paint That"" Runners-Up: ""Eastern Promises"" and ""Zodiac"" Runners-Up: ""Gone Baby Gone"" and ""Michael Clayton"" Runners-Up: ""The Diving Bell and the Butterfly"" • France and

"11th Satellite Awards"
The Little Mermaid Winners: Losers: Winners: Losers: 11th Satellite Awards The 11th Satellite Awards, honoring the best in film and television of 2006, were given on December 18, 2006. Auteur Award – Robert Altman Mary Pickford Award – Martin Landau Nikola Tesla Award – Richard Donner Outstanding Guest Star – Jerry Lewis ""' Forest Whitaker – ""The Last King of Scotland"" ""' Joseph Cross – ""Running with Scissors"" ""' Helen Mirren – ""The Queen"" ""' Meryl Streep – ""The Devil Wears Prada"" ""' ""Pan's Labyrinth (El laberinto del fauno)"" ""' ""Flags of Our Fathers"" – Henry Bumstead, Richard Goddard, and

"2007 Australian Film Institute Awards"
2007 Australian Film Institute Awards The 49th Australian Film Institute Awards ceremony, honoring the best in film for 2007, was broadcast from the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre in Melbourne, Australia on the Nine Network. Geoffrey Rush hosted the show, for the second time. He previously presided over the 48th Australian Film Institute Awards the previous year. The nominees were announced on 24 October 2007. Deborra-Lee Furness, Sibylla Budd, Marny Kennedy, and AFI President James Hewison made the announcements. Romulus, My Father got the highest nominations with a total of 16 with The Home Song Stories with the second highest

"35th Annie Awards"
five films and TV series received multiple awards: 35th Annie Awards The 35th Annual Annie Awards, honoring the best in animation for 2007, was held on February 8, 2008, at UCLA's Royce Hall. This was the first change of venue for the awards in nine years, being held at the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California since 1998 until last year. ""Ratatouille"" was the biggest winner, taking nine awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). The following eighteen films

35th Annie Awards The 35th Annual Annie Awards, honoring the best in animation for 2007, was held on February 8, 2008, at UCLA's Royce Hall. This was the first change of venue for the awards in nine years, being held at the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California since 1998 until last year. ""Ratatouille"" was the biggest winner, taking nine awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). The following eighteen films and TV series received multiple nominations: The following

"59th British Academy Film Awards"
59th British Academy Film Awards The 59th British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, took place on 19 February 2006 and honoured the best films of 2005. ""Brokeback Mountain"" won Best Film, Best Director for Ang Lee, Best Supporting Actor for Jake Gyllenhaal, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Philip Seymour Hoffman won Best Actor for ""Capote"" and Reese Witherspoon won Best Actress for ""Walk the Line"". ""The Constant Gardener"" had the most nominations with 10, but only received one award; Claire Simpson for Best Editing. """", directed by Nick Park and Steve Box, was

"12th Critics' Choice Awards"
12th Critics' Choice Awards The 12th Critics' Choice Awards were presented on January 20, 2007, honoring the finest achievements of 2006 filmmaking. The event was held at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California and was broadcast on E!. ""' Forest Whitaker – ""The Last King of Scotland"" ""' Helen Mirren – ""The Queen"" ""' ""Cars"" ""' ""Little Miss Sunshine"" ""' ""Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan"" ""' Philip Glass – ""The Illusionist"" ""' Martin Scorsese – ""The Departed"" ""' ""An Inconvenient Truth"" ""' ""Charlotte's Web"" ""' ""Letters from Iwo Jima"" •

"Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2008"
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2008 The 12th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2008, were given on December 17, 2008. Runners-Up: Sean Penn – ""Milk"" and Jean-Claude Van Damme – ""JCVD"" Runners-Up: Anne Hathaway – ""Rachel Getting Married"" and Meryl Streep – ""Doubt"" Runners-Up: ""Kung Fu Panda"", ""Persepolis"" and ""Waltz with Bashir"" Runners-Up: Danny Boyle – ""Slumdog Millionaire"" and Andrew Stanton – ""WALL-E"" Runners-Up: ""Standard Operating Procedure"" and ""Up the Yangtze"" Runners-Up: ""Rachel Getting Married"" and ""WALL-E"" Runners-Up: ""The Band's Visit"" and ""Frozen River"" Runners-Up: ""A Christmas Tale"" • France, ""The Class"" • France

"Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2006"
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2006 The 10th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2006, were given on 19 December 2006. Runners-Up: Ryan Gosling – ""Half Nelson"" and Forest Whitaker – ""The Last King of Scotland"" Runners-Up: Penélope Cruz – ""Volver"" and Judi Dench – ""Notes on a Scandal"" Runners-Up: ""Over the Hedge"" and ""A Scanner Darkly"" Runners-Up: ""The Journals of Knud Rasmussen"", ""Monkey Warfare"" and ""Six Figures"" Runners-Up: Paul Greengrass – ""United 93"" and Martin Scorsese – ""The Departed"" Runners-Up: ""Deliver Us from Evil"" and ""An Inconvenient Truth"" Runners-Up: ""The Departed"" and ""United 93""

"12th Satellite Awards"
12th Satellite Awards The 12th Satellite Awards, honoring the best in film and television of 2007, were given on December 16, 2007. Auteur Award – Julian Schnabel Mary Pickford Award – Kathy Bates Nikola Tesla Award – Dennis Muren ""' Viggo Mortensen – ""Eastern Promises"" ""' Ryan Gosling – ""Lars and the Real Girl"" ""' Marion Cotillard – ""La Vie en Rose (La môme)"" ""' ""Ratatouille"" ""' ""The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (Le scaphandre et le papillon)"" – Janusz Kamiński ""' Joel Coen and Ethan Coen – ""No Country for Old Men"" ""' ""Sicko"" ""' ""American Gangster"" ""' ""No

"Matthew Gideon"
for shooting when the series was cancelled. Two of these (""To the Ends of the Earth"" and ""End of the Line"") were planned to focus on Gideon and his search for the truth regarding the loss of the ""Cerberus"". The episode ""End of the Line"" was intended as the season one finale, and would have ended on a cliffhanger with Gideon shot by a sniper before he can expose a conspiracy that the government of Earth has continued experimenting with Shadow technology in contravention of various laws passed after the overthrow of President Clark in 2261. JMS revealed in the

"Jason Gideon"
in his abilities when his decision to release the unsub resulted in the deaths of both the unsub and a young woman. As a result of his actions, Aaron Hotchner was suspended, which was the final straw for Gideon. At the end of the following episode, ""In Name and Blood,"" Reid visited Gideon's cabin but found only his gun and badge, along with a letter meant for Reid in which Gideon explained his desire to regain his belief in happy endings. Gideon was last seen entering a Nevada diner; asked by a waitress where he was going, he replied that

"Gideon's Corpse"
taken a family hostage. Chalker is spouting ravings that he has been irradiated by some conspiracy. In an event similar to the death of Gideon's father, Chalker is gunned down. During a search of his apartment, it is discovered that he is highly radioactive. It is determined that the cause of this was a botched attempt at assembling a dirty bomb. Chalker's hideout seems to have most of the tools necessary to create a nuclear bomb. It also has a map of DC, and a calendar indicating the bomb will detonate in ten day's time. Glinn assigns Gideon to help

a terrorist- incriminating emails are placed on his work computer, and he is forced into hiding. His reluctant accomplice in this is Alida Blaine, Simon's daughter. Gideon eventually comes to the conclusion that Simon is in on the conspiracy. Fordyce, convinced that Bill Novak—the Los Alamos Security Director—is corrupt, assists Gideon in breaking into Simon's computer as the two of them drive to DC. They discover that Blaine's true plan is to steal a vial of smallpox, with most of the security busy searching for an imaginary bomb. Gideon manages to save the vial, but Fordyce dies in the process,

"Ryan Chappelle"
me."" Ryan Chappelle was killed by gunshot wound to the back of the head at 06:59:53 am. Prior to his death in episode 18, he is absent for only 5 episodes. He appears in 14 episodes overall, counting his voice-over in episode 5 and as a corpse in episode 19. His death is honored with a Silent Clock. Despite this character not being one of the most prominent, the death of Ryan Chappelle is considered by many viewers to be one of the most powerful and dramatic scenes in 24. Having the President of the United States order the execution

"The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham"
the order was switched because they felt it made more sense and was ""cooler."" While in the ""mini-camp"" where the writing team decided the plot elements of season five, it was decided to have five episodes continuing the story of most characters, before a ""concept episode"" telling the story of Locke's journey before dying, as it was ""the missing piece"" to the story of the Oceanic Six and their return to the island. The script originally requested for Locke to suffer a head-on collision, but stunt coordinator Michael Trisler suggested a change to a crossroads accident between three cars, because

track down the bomb, and Gideon works with an FBI Agent named Stone Fordyce. The pair of them go out west to Los Alamos, and try to check into Chalker's past. They interview Reed's ex-wife, now a member of a radical cult, his favorite novelist, Simon Blaine, and the members of Chalker's mosque. On their way to Chalker's writers workshop in California, the plane Fordyce is flying suffers a malfunction in both engines, forcing them to crashland. Fordyce comments how unlikely this is to happen by accident, and concludes it was the result of sabotage. Gideon is framed for being

"The Reichenbach Fall"
The Reichenbach Fall ""The Reichenbach Fall"" is the third and final episode of the second series of the BBC television series ""Sherlock"". It was written by Stephen Thompson and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes, Martin Freeman as Dr John Watson, and Andrew Scott as Jim Moriarty. The episode deals with Moriarty's attempt to undermine the public's view of Sherlock and drive him to suicide. The episode was first broadcast on BBC One and BBC One HD on 15 January 2012. It attracted 9.78 million viewers, and critical reaction to the episode was positive. After the episode was aired, there

he did not know his destination or how he would know when he had reached it. He then left the diner and drove off, as his voiceover off-screen narrated the final lines of his letter (also marking his very final words), ""I guess I'm just looking for it again. For the belief I had back in college. The belief I had when I first met Sarah and it all seemed so right. The belief in happy endings."" In the Season 10 episode ""Nelson's Sparrow,"" Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer

"Gideon Oliver"
Headley). Gideon Oliver Gideon Oliver is a prime time television series that ran on the ABC television network between February 1989 and May 1989 as part of the ""ABC Mystery Movie"" rotation, along with ""B.L. Stryker"", ""Kojak"" and ""Columbo"". On the air for only five episodes, the series starred Louis Gossett, Jr., and was created by Dick Wolf. The title character first appeared in the novel series by mystery writer Aaron Elkins. Oliver is a Columbia University anthropology professor, utilizing his knowledge of past cultures to solve crimes throughout the Western Hemisphere. He is assisted by his adult daughter Zina

to send a representation of a new data entity to the server so that it will be stored as a new subordinate of the resource identified by the URI. For example, for the URI codice_1, POST requests might be expected to represent new customers, each including their name, address, contact details and so on. Early website designers stayed away from this original concept in two important ways. First, there is no technical reason for a URI to textually describe the web resource subordinate to which POST data will be stored. In fact, unless some effort is made, the last part

"Web server"
initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so. The resource is typically a real file on the server's secondary storage, but this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web server is implemented. While the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for submitting web forms, including uploading of files. Many generic web servers also support server-side scripting

"Simple Mail Transfer Protocol"
reliable communications channel to the message receiver (SMTP server), the session is opened with a greeting by the server, usually containing its fully qualified domain name (FQDN), in this case ""smtp.example.com"". The client initiates its dialog by responding with a codice_1 command identifying itself in the command's parameter with its FQDN (or an address literal if none is available). The client notifies the receiver of the originating email address of the message in a codice_2 command. This is also the return or bounce address in case the message cannot be delivered. In this example the email message is sent to

universal, though, as the correct spelling ""referrer"" is used in some web specifications such as the Document Object Model. When visiting a Web page, the referrer or referring page is the URL of the previous webpage from which a link was followed. More generally, a referrer is the URL of a previous item which led to this request. The referrer for an image, for example, is generally the HTML page on which it is to be displayed. The referrer field is an optional part of the HTTP request sent by the web browser to the web server. Many websites log

"2018 Commonwealth Games"
games venues including the Optus Aquatic Centre, Broadwater Parklands and the Gold Coast Convention & Exhibition Centre with the major accommodation centres of Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach and the Athletes Village at Parklands. An extension to the system was announced in October 2015, connecting the then current terminus at Gold Coast University Hospital to the railway line to Brisbane at Helensvale. The extension opened in December 2017, in time for the games. The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority conducted an anti-doping drive in the months prior to the games, covering around 2500 tests of Australian athletes, as well as 500 tests

"Commonwealth Games"
of Scotland, with Commonwealth Games Federation chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as ""the standout games in the history of the movement"". The 2018 Commonwealth Games were held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, the fifth time Australia hosted the Games. There were an equal number of events for men and women, the first time in history that a major multi-sport event had equality in terms of events. The 2022 Commonwealth Games will be held in Birmingham, England. They will be the third Commonwealth Games to be hosted in England following London 1934 and Manchester 2002. The three nations to have

""Share the Dream"". It was chosen to highlight the dreams and experience at the games that were shared by participants of the games, ranging from athletes to volunteers and the host country Australia to the world including the Commonwealth nations. The emblem was launched on 4 April 2013, which marked exactly five years until its opening ceremony. It was unveiled at the Southport Broadwater Parklands. It was designed by the New South Wales based brand consultancy WiteKite. The emblem of the 2018 Commonwealth Games was a silhouette of the skyline and landscape of Gold Coast, the host city of the

Australian Business Awards 2016 for focusing on sustainable practices and planning in the preparation of the games. The GOLDOC headquarters received the 4 Star Green Star – Interiors PILOT rating from the Green Building Council of Australia. The new Anna Meares Velodrome, built specifically for the games, is the first velodrome in the world to have full LED broadcast-quality lighting that cuts energy consumption by up to 60% and reduces running costs and carbon emissions. The opening ceremony was held at Carrara Stadium in the Gold Coast, Australia, between 20:00 and 22:40 AEST, on 4 April 2018. Tickets for the

2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The Gambia which

and ended on 22 May 2017. The first round of tickets were allocated on 22 June 2017 via a computer-generated ballot system. About 70% of the people who applied for the tickets had received some or all of the tickets requested in the first phase. In Australia, ticket prices ranged from A$10 for many events to A$495 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. The games expected to have 1.2 million tickets for sale. Around 1.06 million tickets were sold by 3 April 2018. Ticketek was the provider of ticketing services for the games. The organizing committee expected

withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation in 2013, was readmitted on 31 March 2018 and participated in the event . With 275 sets of medals, the games featured 19 Commonwealth sports, including beach volleyball, para triathlon and women's rugby sevens. These sporting events took place at 14 venues in the host city, two venues in Brisbane and one venue each in Cairns and Townsville. These were the first Commonwealth Games to take place under the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) presidency of Louise Martin, . The host city Gold Coast was announced at the CGF

claim which Channel 7 later refuted. 2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part

General Assembly in Basseterre, Saint Kitts, on 11 November 2011. Gold Coast became the seventh Oceanian city and the first regional city to host the Commonwealth Games. These were the eighth games to be held in Oceania and the Southern Hemisphere. The host nation Australia topped the medal table for the fourth time in the past five Commonwealth Games, winning the most golds (80) and most medals overall (198). England and India finished second and third respectively. Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, British Virgin Islands and Dominica each won their first Commonwealth Games medals. On 22 August 2008, the Premier

Australian soil in December 2017 and then spent 100 days travelling through Australia, finishing its journey at the Opening Ceremony on 4 April 2018, where the message was removed from the Baton and read aloud by Charles, Prince of Wales. During the games period, free public transportation within Queensland region was provided to ticket and accreditation holders. The free transportation services were available on local buses, train and Gold Coast light rail () services in Gold Coast and on TransLink and Qconnect bus services in Cairns and Townsville. The Gold Coast light rail system, connected a number of the key

Multiplication
the terms; that is, in infix notation. For example, The sign is encoded in Unicode at . There are other mathematical notations for multiplication: In computer programming, the asterisk (as in codice_1) is still the most common notation. This is due to the fact that most computers historically were limited to small character sets (such as ASCII and EBCDIC) that lacked a multiplication sign (such as codice_2 or codice_3), while the asterisk appeared on every keyboard. This usage originated in the FORTRAN programming language. The numbers to be multiplied are generally called the ""factors"". The number to be multiplied is

"Multiplication sign"
explicitly, such as in "" for ""; this usage is also seen in English-language texts. In some languages (especially Bulgarian and French ) the use of full stop as a multiplication symbol, such as , is common. Historically, computer language syntax was restricted to the ASCII character set; in the absence of the × character, became the ""de facto"" standard notation of the multiplication operator in computing. This selection is still reflected in the standard numeric keypad, where the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are represented by the , , , and keys, respectively. The × symbol

is listed in the Latin-1 Supplement character set and is in Unicode. It can be invoked in various operating systems as per the table below. A monadic × symbol is used by the APL programming language to denote the sign function. There is a similar character ⨯ at U+2A2F, but this is not always considered identical to U+00D7, as U+2A2F is intended to ""explicitly"" denote the cross product of two vectors. Other variants are encoded: Multiplication sign The multiplication sign, also known as the times sign or the dimension sign, is the symbol ×. While similar to the lowercase letter

Hexadecimal
, which is 45997 base 10. Most modern computer systems with graphical user interfaces provide a built-in calculator utility, capable of performing conversions between various radices, in general including hexadecimal. In Microsoft Windows, the Calculator utility can be set to Scientific mode (called Programmer mode in some versions), which allows conversions between radix 16 (hexadecimal), 10 (decimal), 8 (octal) and 2 (binary), the bases most commonly used by programmers. In Scientific Mode, the on-screen numeric keypad includes the hexadecimal digits A through F, which are active when ""Hex"" is selected. In hex mode, however, the Windows Calculator supports only integers.

"Infix notation"
Infix notation Infix notation is the notation commonly used in arithmetical and logical formulae and statements. It is characterized by the placement of operators between operands—""infixed operators""—such as the plus sign in 2 + 2. Infix notation is more difficult to parse by computers than prefix notation (e.g. + 2 2) or postfix notation (e.g. 2 2 +). However many programming languages use it due to its familiarity. It is more used in arithmetic, e.g. 5 × 6. In infix notation, unlike in prefix or postfix notations, parentheses surrounding groups of operands and operators are necessary to indicate the intended

"Number sign"
languages are also assigned: On the standard US keyboard layout, the # symbol is . On standard UK and some other European keyboards, the same keystrokes produce the pound currency symbol (£), and # is moved to a separate key above the right shift. On UK Mac keyboards, # is generated by , whereas on some other European Mac keyboards, the # can be found above the right shift key. Number sign The symbol # is most commonly known as the number sign, hash, or pound sign. The symbol has historically been used for a wide range of purposes, including

"Turnstile (symbol)"
turnstile can be composed from a vertical bar (|) and a dash (–). In LaTeX there is a turnstile package which issues this sign in many ways, and is capable of putting labels below or above it, in the correct places. The turnstile represents a binary relation. It has several different interpretations in different contexts: Turnstile (symbol) In mathematical logic and computer science the symbol formula_1 has taken the name turnstile because of its resemblance to a typical turnstile if viewed from above. It is also referred to as tee and is often read as ""yields"", ""proves"", ""satisfies"" or ""entails"".

"Plus and minus signs"
raised minus sign (Unicode U+00AF) is used to denote a negative number, as in codice_4. While in J a negative number is denoted by an underscore, as in codice_5. In C and some other computer programming languages, two plus signs indicate the increment operator and two minus signs a decrement; the position of the operator before or after the variable indicates whether the new or old value is read from it. For example, if x equals 6, then codice_6 increments x to 7 but sets y to 6, whereas codice_7 would set both x and y to 7. By extension,

Turnstile (symbol) In mathematical logic and computer science the symbol formula_1 has taken the name turnstile because of its resemblance to a typical turnstile if viewed from above. It is also referred to as tee and is often read as ""yields"", ""proves"", ""satisfies"" or ""entails"". The symbol was first used by Gottlob Frege in his 1879 book on logic, ""Begriffsschrift"". In TeX, the turnstile symbol formula_1 is obtained from the command \vdash. In Unicode, the turnstile symbol (⊢) is called right tack and is at code point U+22A2. (Code point U+22A6 is named ""assertion sign"" (⊦).) On a typewriter, a

"Algebraic operation"
replaced with either a dot, or center-dot, so that ""x"" × ""y"" is written as either ""x"" . ""y"" or ""x"" · ""y"". Plain text, programming languages, and calculators also use a single asterisk to represent the multiplication symbol, and it must be explicitly used; for example, 3""x"" is written as 3 * ""x"". Rather than using the obelus symbol, ÷, division is usual represented with a vinculum, a horizontal line, e.g. . In plain text and programming languages a slash (also called a solidus) is used, e.g. 3 / (""x"" + 1). Exponents are usually formatted using superscripts, e.g.

"Allosteric enzyme"
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the ""allosteric site"". Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a conformational change involving protein dynamics. Effectors that enhance the protein's activity are referred to as ""allosteric activators"", whereas those that decrease the protein's activity are called ""allosteric inhibitors"". Allosteric regulations are a natural example of control loops, such as feedback from downstream products or feedforward from upstream substrates.

Allosteric enzyme Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in an apparent change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site. This ""action at a distance"" through binding of one ligand affecting the binding of another at a distinctly different site, is the essence of the allosteric concept. Allostery plays a crucial role in many fundamental biological processes, including but not limited to cell signaling and the regulation of metabolism. Allosteric enzymes need not be oligomers as previously thought, and in fact many systems have demonstrated allostery within single enzymes.

Long-range allostery is especially important in cell signaling. Allosteric regulation is also particularly important in the cell's ability to adjust enzyme activity. The term ""allostery"" comes from the Greek ""allos"" (ἄλλος), ""other,"" and ""stereos"" (στερεὀς), ""solid (object)."" This is in reference to the fact that the regulatory site of an allosteric protein is physically distinct from its active site. The protein catalyst (enzyme) may be part of a multi-subunit complex, and/or may transiently or permanently associate with a Cofactor (e.g. adenosine triphosphate). Catalysis of biochemical reactions is vital due to the very low reaction rates of the uncatalysed reactions. A

"Allosteric regulation"
Allosteric regulation In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the ""allosteric site"" or ""regulatory site"". Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a conformational change involving protein dynamics. Effectors that enhance the protein's activity are referred to as ""allosteric activators"", whereas those that decrease the protein's activity are called ""allosteric inhibitors"". Allosteric regulations are a natural example of control loops, such as feedback from downstream products

primary site of interest. These residues can broadly be classified as surface- and interior-allosteric amino acids. Allosteric sites at the surface generally play regulatory roles that are fundamentally distinct from those within the interior; surface residues may serve as receptors or effector sites in allosteric signal transmission, whereas those within the interior may act to transmit such signals. Allosteric regulation In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the ""allosteric site"" or

can bind more ligands more easily i.e. every time it binds a ligand it wants to bind another one. Neither model fully explains allosteric binding, however. The recent combined use of physical techniques (for example, x-ray crystallography and solution small angle x-ray scattering or SAXS) and genetic techniques (site-directed mutagenesis or SDM) may improve our understanding of allostery. Allosteric enzyme Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in an apparent change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site. This ""action at a distance"" through binding of one ligand affecting

"Active site"
Active site In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site). Although the active site is small relative to the whole volume of the enzyme (it only occupies 10~20% of the total volume), it is the most important part of the enzyme as it directly catalyzes the chemical reaction. It usually consists of three to four amino acids, while other amino acids within

Structures) however allows the comparison of active sites in more detail and the finding of structural similarity using software. An allosteric site is a site on an enzyme, unrelated to its active site, which can bind an effector molecule. This interaction is another mechanism of enzyme regulation. Allosteric modification usually happens in proteins with more than one subunit. Allosteric interactions are often present in metabolic pathways and are beneficial in that they allow one step of a reaction to regulate another step. They allow an enzyme to have a range of molecular interactions, other than the highly specific active site.

allosteric protein molecule - and one of the earliest to have its crystal structure solved (by Max Perutz). More recently, the ""E. coli"" enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase) has become another good example of allosteric regulation. The kinetic properties of allosteric enzymes are often explained in terms of a conformational change between a low-activity, low-affinity ""tense"" or T state and a high-activity, high-affinity ""relaxed"" or R state. These structurally distinct enzyme forms have been shown to exist in several known allosteric enzymes. However the molecular basis for conversion between the two states is not well understood. Two main models have been

appeared in 9 and won 5. As of 2018, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and —the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history. Until the formation of the American Association in 1882 as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From

became the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have

the Boston Red Sox after the 1919 season, appeared in their first World Series two years later in 1921, and became frequent participants thereafter. Over a period of 45 years from 1920 to 1964, the Yankees played in 29 World Series championships, winning 20. The team's dynasty reached its apex between 1947 and 1964, when the Yankees reached the World Series 15 times in eighteen years, helped by an agreement with the Kansas City Athletics (after that team moved from Philadelphia during 1954–1955 offseason) whereby the teams made several deals advantageous to the Yankees (until ended by new Athletics' owner

1988–1990, winning once. 1988 and 1989 were all-California series as the A's lost to the Dodgers and beat the Giants, respectively. The Giants have been in four World Series' in the new millennium, losing in 2002 to the Anaheim Angels (Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from 2005 to 2015), and winning in 2010 (Rangers), 2012 (Tigers), and 2014 (Royals). Prior to 1969, the National League and the American League each crowned its champion (the ""pennant winner"") based on the best win-loss record at the end of the regular season. A structured playoff series began in 1969, when both the National

1969 (losing to the ""amazing"" eight-year-old franchise New York Mets), 1970 (beating the Reds in their first World Series appearance of the decade), and 1971 (losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates, as well their 1979 appearance, when they again lost to the Pirates), and the Los Angeles Dodgers' back-to-back World Series appearances in 1977 and 1978 (both losses to the New York Yankees), as well in 1974 losing against the cross-state rival Oakland Athletics. Game 6 of the 1975 World Series is regarded by most as one of the greatest World Series games ever played. It found the Boston Red Sox

unchanged until 1961, with fourteen expansion teams joining MLB since then. Twelve have played in a World Series (the Mariners and Expos/Nationals being the two exceptions). The expansion teams have won ten of the 22 Series (45%) in which they have played, which is 9% of all 114 series played since 1903. In 2015, the first World Series featuring only expansion teams was played between the Kansas City Royals and New York Mets. This information is up to date through the present time: When two teams share the same state or metropolitan area, fans often develop strong loyalties to one

Charles O. Finley). During that span, the Yankees played in all World Series except 1948, 1954, and 1959, winning ten. From 1949 to 1953, the Yankees won the World Series five years in a row; from 1936–1939 the Yankees won four World Series Championships in a row. There are only two other occasions when a team has won at least three consecutive World Series: 1972 to 1974 by the Oakland Athletics, and 1998 to 2000 by the New York Yankees. In an 18-year span from 1947 to 1964, except for 1948 and 1959, the World Series was played in New

before he retired at the end of that season. As Bob Ryan of ""The Boston Globe"" wrote in July 2015 about the rule: However, within the last seven seasons, home-field advantage, in terms of deciding World Series games, has not necessarily worked for teams of said games. Since 2014, the home team has not won the deciding game of a World Series. The San Francisco Giants won the World Series in 2010, 2012, and 2014 while failing to qualify to play in the postseason in the intervening seasons. The Texas Rangers were twice only one strike away from winning their

Metrodome in Minnesota. (The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium.) During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979. However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances:

"Texhoma, Oklahoma"
Texhoma, Oklahoma Texhoma is a town in Texas County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 926 at the 2010 census. Texhoma is a divided city with the Texas–Oklahoma state border separating the town from Texhoma, Texas. The name of the town is a portmanteau of Texas and Oklahoma. Founded around the Rock Island Railroad laying tracks through the area, much of the town's local economy is from ranching and livestock. Before No Man's Land was opened for settlers in 1890, the area now known as the Oklahoma Panhandle was sparsely settled ranchland. After the opening some of the land was

far north and west as present Boise City, and south into the Texas Panhandle to the present town of Gruver. The land was quickly homesteaded and proved to be a rich agricultural area. Texhoma is located at (36.504421, -101.786517). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Texhoma is most known for the fact that it is paired with another Texhoma across the border in Texas. Tourists come for the border sign that separates Oklahoma and Texas, and the sign is very iconic. As of the census of 2000,

"Texarkana, Texas"
Texarkana, Texas Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, located in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The population of the Texas city was 37,679 at the 2016 census estimate. The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana Metropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 67,592 at the 2017 census, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 150,098. Railroads were quick to see the possibilities of this

"Comanche, Oklahoma"
Comanche, Oklahoma Comanche is a city in Stephens County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,556 at the 2000 census. Comanche is a small city in southwest Oklahoma set in rolling prairie land interspersed with oil fields, ranches, farms, pecan orchards, and timbered areas. Comanche is located in what was once the famous Louisiana Purchase, a part of which was later in 1855 designated Indian Territory, and set aside for the Five Civilized Tribes. Comanche then became part of the Chickasaw Nation and was identified as Comanche, Indian Territory until statehood in 1907. The city has had a series of

"Texhoma, Texas"
Texhoma, Texas Texhoma is a city in Sherman County, Texas, United States. The population was 364 at the 2010 census, declining from 371 in 2000. Texhoma is a divided city with the Texas-Oklahoma state border separating the city from Texhoma, Oklahoma. It is also the northernmost settlement in the entire state of Texas. Texhoma is located at (36.496553, -101.785272). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km²), all of it land. Texhoma is most known for the fact that it is paired with another Texhoma across the border in

1880, nearly seven years after Texarkana, Texas (June 12, 1874), was formed. December 8, 1873, is generally recognized by both cities as the date of organization. Texarkana is located at the junction of Interstate 30 and US highways 59, 67, 71, and 82 in extreme northeast Texas on the Texas-Arkansas border, at (33.437170, -94.067394). It is bordered by the city of Texarkana, Arkansas, to the east, and by the smaller cities of Nash and Wake Village, Texas, to the west. It is in the Central Time Zone. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Texas city has a total

"Guthrie, Texas"
Guthrie, Texas Guthrie is a small town in, and the county seat of, King County in the U.S. state of Texas. It lies at the junction of U.S. Routes 82 and 83, ninety-six miles east of Lubbock. It serves as the principal headquarters of the Four Sixes Ranch. and is the only community within its namesake Census Designated Place (CDP). As of the 2010 Census the population was 160. Guthrie is located at (33.621341, -100.8322). Guthrie's history begins in 1883, when the Louisville Land and Cattle Company in Louisville, Kentucky purchased several hundred acres in what later became King County.

either. Texhoma, Texas Texhoma is a city in Sherman County, Texas, United States. The population was 364 at the 2010 census, declining from 371 in 2000. Texhoma is a divided city with the Texas-Oklahoma state border separating the city from Texhoma, Oklahoma. It is also the northernmost settlement in the entire state of Texas. Texhoma is located at (36.496553, -101.785272). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km²), all of it land. Texhoma is most known for the fact that it is paired with another Texhoma across the border

"Texarkana, Arkansas"
Texarkana, Arkansas Texarkana is a city in Arkansas and the county seat of Miller County. The city is located across the state line from its twin city, Texarkana, Texas. The city was founded at a railroad intersection on December 8, 1873, and was incorporated in Arkansas on August 10, 1880. Texarkana (together with its Texas counterpart) is the principal city of the Texarkana metropolitan area, which is ranked 274th in terms of population in the United States with 150,098 in 2016 according to the United States Census Bureau. Located within the Ark-La-Tex subregion of Southwest Arkansas, Texarkana is located in

through UALR Texarkana, based on the UAHT Texarkana campus. Texarkana, Arkansas Texarkana is a city in Arkansas and the county seat of Miller County. The city is located across the state line from its twin city, Texarkana, Texas. The city was founded at a railroad intersection on December 8, 1873, and was incorporated in Arkansas on August 10, 1880. Texarkana (together with its Texas counterpart) is the principal city of the Texarkana metropolitan area, which is ranked 274th in terms of population in the United States with 150,098 in 2016 according to the United States Census Bureau. Located within the

in photosynthesis the carbon in co2 is initially fixed to what molecule

"Carbon dioxide"
basic water illustrates this property, in which case hydroxide is the nucleophile. Other nucleophiles react as well. For example, carbanions as provided by Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds react with to give carboxylates: In metal carbon dioxide complexes, serves as a ligand, which can facilitate the conversion of to other chemicals. The reduction of to CO is ordinarily a difficult and slow reaction: Photoautotrophs (i.e. plants and cyanobacteria) use the energy contained in sunlight to photosynthesize simple sugars from absorbed from the air and water: The redox potential for this reaction near pH 7 is about −0.53 V ""versus"" the

Photodissociation
reaction of photosynthetic photolysis can be given as The chemical nature of ""A"" depends on the type of organism. In purple sulfur bacteria, hydrogen sulfide (HS) is oxidized to sulfur (S). In oxygenic photosynthesis, water (HO) serves as a substrate for photolysis resulting in the generation of diatomic oxygen (O). This is the process which returns oxygen to Earth's atmosphere. Photolysis of water occurs in the thylakoids of cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of green algae and plants. The conventional, semi-classical, model describes the photosynthetic energy transfer process as one in which excitation energy hops from light-capturing pigment molecules to reaction

and often-quoted value near is an ""apparent"" value calculated on the (incorrect) assumption that all dissolved is present as carbonic acid, so that formula_3. Since most of the dissolved remains as molecules, ""K""(apparent) has a much larger denominator and a much smaller value than the true ""K"". The bicarbonate ion is an amphoteric species that can act as an acid or as a base, depending on pH of the solution. At high pH, it dissociates significantly into the carbonate ion (CO): In organisms carbonic acid production is catalysed by the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase. is a weak electrophile. Its reaction with

Photophosphorylation
Photophosphorylation In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. All organisms produce ATP, which is the universal energy currency of life. Commonly in photosynthesis this involves photolysis, or photodissociation, of water and a continuous unidirectional flow of electrons from water to PSII . In photophosphorylation, light energy is used to create a high-energy electron donor and a lower-energy electron acceptor. Electrons then move spontaneously from donor to acceptor through an electron transport chain.

Photooxygenation
to reach their first excited state, the antibonding nature of molecular oxygen’s HOMO allows for a lower energy gap between its ground state and first excited state. This makes excitation of O a less energetically restrictive process. In the first excited state of O, a 22 kcal/mol energy increase from the ground state, both electrons in the antibonding orbitals occupy a degenerate π* orbital, and oxygen is now in a singlet state (indicated as O). O is very reactive with a lifetime between 10-100µs. The three types of photooxygenation reactions are distinguished by the mechanisms that they proceed through, as

Lewis structures, molecular oxygen, O, is depicted as having a double bond between the two oxygen atoms. However, the molecular orbitals of O are actually more complex than Lewis structures seem to suggest. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of O is a pair of degenerate antibonding π orbitals, π* and π*, which are both singly occupied by spin paired electrons. These electrons are the cause of O being a triplet diradical in the ground state (indicated as O). While many stable molecules’ HOMOs consist of bonding molecular orbitals and therefore require a moderate energy jump from bonding to antibonding

"Carbon fixation"
in the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and in the cyanobacteria. It also fixes carbon in the anoxygenic photosynthetic in one type of proteobacteria called purple bacteria, and in some non-phototrophic proteobacteria. In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight drives the carbon fixation pathway. ""Oxygenic"" photosynthesis is used by the primary producers—plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They contain the pigment chlorophyll, and use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon autotrophically. The process works like this: In the first step, water is dissociated into electrons, protons, and free oxygen. This allows the use of water, one of the most abundant substances on Earth, as

Photooxygenation A photooxygenation is a light-induced oxidation reaction in which molecular oxygen is incorporated into the product(s). Initial research interest in photooxygenation reactions arose from Oscar Raab's observations in 1900 that the combination of light, oxygen and photosensitizers is highly toxic to cells. Early studies of photooxygenation focused on oxidative damage to DNA and amino acids, but recent research has led to the application of photooxygenation in organic synthesis and photodynamic therapy. Photooxygenation reactions are initiated by a photosensitizer, which is a molecule that enters an excited state when exposed to light of a specific wavelength (e.g. dyes and pigments).

"Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2"
Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO is a chemical process whereby carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons by the energy of incident light. This process needs to be catalyzed either homogeneously or heterogeneously in order to proceed, and current research is aimed at developing these catalysts, most of which are semiconducting materials. Semiconducting catalysts provide favourable electron transfer kinetics. Motivation for research in this area is strong due to the current attention to atmospheric carbon dioxide as the reduction of carbon dioxide would be one route for removal and sequestration. Furthermore, the reduced species may

the ozone layer is also caused by photodissociation. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O to create ozone, O. In addition, photolysis is the process by which CFCs are broken down in the upper atmosphere to form ozone-destroying chlorine free radicals. In astrophysics, photodissociation is one of the major processes through which molecules are broken down (but new molecules are being formed). Because of the vacuum of the interstellar medium, molecules and free

Deism
for. Some rejected miracles and prophecies, but still considered themselves Christians because they believed in what they felt was the pure, original form of Christianitythat is, Christianity as it supposedly existed before it was corrupted by additions of such superstitions as miracles, prophecies, and the doctrine of the Trinity. Some deists rejected the claim of Jesus' divinity but continued to hold him in high regard as a moral teacher, a position known as Christian deism, exemplified by Thomas Jefferson's famous ""Jefferson Bible"" and Matthew Tindal's ""Christianity as Old as the Creation."" Other, more radical deists, rejected Christianity altogether and expressed

"Christian views on poverty and wealth"
One line of Protestant thinking views the pursuit of wealth as not only acceptable but as a religious calling or duty. This perspective is generally ascribed to Calvinist and Puritan theologies, which view hard work and frugal lifestyles as spiritual acts in themselves. John Wesley was a strong proponent of gaining wealth, according to his famous ""Sermon 50,"" in which he said, ""gain all you can, save all you can and give all you can."" It is impossible to give to charity if one is poor; John Wesley and his Methodists were noted for their consistently large contributions to charity

"Religious views of Thomas Jefferson"
Religious views of Thomas Jefferson The religious views of Thomas Jefferson diverged widely from the orthodox Christianity of his era. Throughout his life, Jefferson was intensely interested in theology, religious studies, and morality. Jefferson was most comfortable with Deism, rational religion, and Unitarianism. He was sympathetic to and in general agreement with the ""moral"" precepts of Christianity. He considered the teachings of Jesus as having ""the most sublime and benevolent code of morals which has ever been offered to man,"" yet he held that the pure teachings of Jesus appeared to have been appropriated by some of Jesus' early followers,

"Christian deism"
and orthodox Christianity."" John Locke and John Tillotson, especially, inspired Christian deism, through their respective writings. Possibly the most famed person to hold this position was Thomas Jefferson, who praised ""nature's God"" in the ""Declaration of Independence"" (1776) and edited the ""Jefferson Bible""—a Bible with all reference to revelations and other miraculous interventions from a deity cut out. In an 1803 letter to Joseph Priestley, Jefferson states that he conceived the idea of writing his view of the ""Christian system"" in a conversation with Benjamin Rush during 1798–99. He proposes beginning with a review of the morals of the ancient

a Materialist; he takes the side of Spiritualism; he preaches the efficacy of repentance toward forgiveness of sin; I require a counterpoise of good works to redeem it."" In 1824, four years later, Jefferson had changed on his view of the ""materialism"" of Jesus, clarifying then that ""... the founder of our religion, was unquestionably a materialist as to man."" Jefferson was directly linked to deism in the writings of some of his contemporaries. Patrick Henry's widow wrote in 1799, ""I wish the Grate Jefferson & all the Heroes of the Deistical party could have seen my... Husband pay his

often expressed his opposition to many practices of the clergy, and to many specific popular Christian doctrines of his day, Jefferson repeatedly expressed his admiration for Jesus as a ""moral"" teacher, and consistently referred to himself as a Christian (though following his own unique type of Christianity) throughout his life. Jefferson opposed Calvinism, Trinitarianism, and what he identified as Platonic elements in Christianity. In private letters Jefferson also described himself as subscribing to other certain philosophies, in addition to being a Christian. In these letters he described himself as also being an ""Epicurean"" (1819), a ""19th century materialist"" (1820), a

Theophilanthropy
Theophilanthropy The Theophilanthropists (""Friends of God and Man"") were a deistic sect, formed in France during the later part of the French Revolution. Thomas Paine, together with other disciples of Rousseau and Robespierre, set up a new religion, in which Rousseau's deism and Robespierre's civic virtue (rè de la vertu) would be combined. Jean-Baptiste Chemin wrote the ""Manuel des théopanthropophiles"", and Valentin Haüy offered his institute for the blind as a provisional place of meeting. When, later, the Convention turned over to them the little church of Sainte Catherine, in Paris, the nascent sect won a few followers and protectors;

"Religious views of Samuel Johnson"
be improperly bestowed, but I shall always fear to withhold them lest I should be yielding to the suggestions of pride, while I persuade myself that I am following the maxims of policy; and under the appearance of salutary restraints, should be indulging the lust of dominion, and that malevolence which delights in seeing others depressed. At Oxford Johnson gave a toast and said, ""Here's to the next insurrection of the Negroes in the West Indies"". Religious views of Samuel Johnson The religious views of Samuel Johnson are expressed in both his moralistic writings and his sermons. Samuel Johnson regarded

Epicureanism
the soul, but suggests that the soul is mortal and material, just like the body. Epicurus rejected any possibility of an afterlife, while still contending that one need not fear death: ""Death is nothing to us; for that which is dissolved, is without sensation, and that which lacks sensation is nothing to us."" From this doctrine arose the Epicurean Epitaph: ""Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo"" (""I was not; I was; I am not; I do not care""), which is inscribed on the gravestones of his followers and seen on many ancient gravestones of the Roman Empire. This quotation

Deism
are rewarded or punished by God for their behavior in life. Some, such as Benjamin Franklin, believed in reincarnation or resurrection. Others, such as Thomas Paine, had definitive beliefs about the immortality of the soul: Still others such as Anthony Collins, Bolingbroke, Thomas Chubb, and Peter Annet were materialists and either denied or doubted the immortality of the soul. Deist authors – and 17th- and 18th-century theologians in general – referred to God using a variety of vivid circumlocutions such as: Deistic thinking has existed since ancient times. Among the Ancient Greeks, Heraclitus conceived of a logos, a supreme rational

which was the first village of karnataka which declared independence

Karnataka
1857. However, Kitturu was taken over by the British East India Company even before the doctrine was officially articulated by Lord Dalhousie in 1848. Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at Supa, Bagalkot, Shorapur, Nargund and Dandeli. These rebellions — which coincided with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 – were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave, the Halagali Bedas, Raja Venkatappa Nayaka and others. By the late 19th century, the independence movement had gained momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya, S. Nijalingappa, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Nittoor Srinivasa Rau and others carried on the struggle into the early 20th

"Unification of Karnataka"
the state that were under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyderabad consisted of large portions of what were later to be the north eastern districts of Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur of Karnataka state. The Lingayat minority in these regions also largely believed that they had been neglected and resented the oppression of the Nizam and the Razakars. The Nizam refused to accede to India until his rule was overthrown by force. Following the 'police action' against the Nizam, Hyderabad province and its citizens became independent on 17 September 1948. This day is celebrated by the Karnataka government as

"History of Bangalore"
Wars. Bangalore fort was captured by the British armies under Lord Cornwallis on 21 March 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War and formed a centre for British resistance against Tipu Sultan, being incorporated into the British Indian Empire after Tipu Sultan was defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799). A prominent role was played by the Madras Sappers in the capture of the Fort and subsequent development of the cantonment and the city. Bangalore is the permanent home of this Indian Army regiment since the mid-nineteenth century. Upon the passing of Tipu Sultan, the Wodeyars returned to the

"Timeline of Karnataka"
the Wodeyars under Jayachamaraja Wodeyar. During this period the urge to independence gained momentum with the result that many leaders were imprisoned. The struggle finally led to the grant of independence to India by the British. The rule of the Wodeyars continued until the Indian independence and finally they merged Mysore with the Indian union which got incorporated into India as a state. After the Indian independence and partition of the country the states were reorganised based on the linguistic and other criteria and thus the divided areas of Kannada speaking population came together to form the present day Karnataka

under the name of Mysore. On 1973 November 1, the name Mysore was changed to Karnataka. The state choose the city of Bangalore as its capital and gave Kannada the status of administrative language. The Vidhana Soudha build by Kengal Hanumanthya became the state parliament house. The Attara Kachery was made the state high court. In around c.1537 CE an important event occurred that of establishment of Bangalore city by Kempegowda who was a chieftain of Yalahanka kingdom. According to popular belief, when Kempegowda went to hunting he saw a mola (rabbit) chasing a naayi (dog). He thought this as

against British and declared independence. Due to this, in 1831 CE the British took over the empire. In 1831 CE the British overtook the empire and appointed the commissioners, who were given the power to rule on behalf of the British empire. Among them ""Sir Lord Cubbon"" was the most important. They systematically changed the way the empire functioned and brought in major changes but they continued some of the older traditions. During this period the state got divided between Bombay and Madras provinces, Hyderabad Nijamas and Mysore. After a period of British Commissioners' rule, Mysore was given back to

Karnataka
inherited by his son Tipu Sultan. To contain European expansion in South India, Haidar Ali and later Tipu Sultan fought four significant Anglo-Mysore Wars, the last of which resulted in Tippu Sultan's death and the incorporation of Mysore into the British Raj in 1799. The Kingdom of Mysore was restored to the Wodeyars and Mysore remained a princely state under the British Raj. As the ""doctrine of lapse"" gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and others spearheaded rebellions in Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the Indian Rebellion of

The Sevunas were from Nasik and came to power during c. 835 CE. They ruled parts of Deccan to its north until the beginning of 12th century and with Devagiri as the capital. Singana 2 was the main ruler and during his rule most of the empire experienced stability which could not be maintained thereafter. They were constantly at fight with Hoysalas and other rulers and fell to Delhi sultan Allah-ud-din Khilji and his general Mallikaffar. They ruled for almost five centuries. The hoysalas were famous for their architecture. The empire was founded by the legendary person ""Sala"" who was

"History of Karnataka"
defeat and disintegration of the Vijayanagara Empire in battle at Talikota in 1565 to a confederacy of Sultanates, the Bijapur Sultanate rose as the main power in the Deccan before their defeat to the Mughal Empire in late 17th century. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb gave the order to besiege Bijapur and after a 15-month long siege, the Mughal army emerged victorious and the Adil Shahi dynasty came to an end. The Bahmani and Bijapur rulers encouraged Urdu and Persian literature and Indo Islamic architecture, the Gol Gumbaz being one of the high points of this contribution. Parts of Karnataka were conquered

by Marathas, earlier under Chhatrapati Shivaji and later on after the War of 27 years. The Wodeyars of Mysore, former vassals of the Vijayanagara Empire, leased the state from the Mughal king Aurangzeb in the 17th century. With the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, Haider Ali, the Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, assumed control over the region, until the rule of the kingdom was passed to Tipu Sultan, after Haider Ali's death. In attempting to contain European expansion in South India, Tipu Sultan, known as the ""Tiger of Mysore"" fought four significant Anglo-Mysore Wars, the last of which resulted in

"Maleficent (film)"
on ""real sets with real lights"". James Newton Howard was hired to score the film in October 2012. On January 23, 2014, it was announced that recording artist Lana Del Rey would be covering the song ""Once Upon a Dream"", from the 1959 film ""Sleeping Beauty"" as the title song for ""Maleficent"". The song ""Once Upon a Dream"" is based on the Grand Waltz from ballet ""Sleeping Beauty"" written by Russian composer Tchaikovsky. Del Rey was handpicked by Angelina Jolie to perform the song. The single was released on January 26 and was made available for free for a limited

"Once Upon a Dream (Sleeping Beauty song)"
third-reprise finale, as well as in a duet by Mary Costa and Bill Shirley, who voiced the roles of Aurora and Philip, respectively. American girl group No Secrets recorded the song ""Once Upon (Another) Dream"", whose chorus is based on ""Once Upon a Dream"", in 2003 for the two-disc DVD release of ""Sleeping Beauty"". ""Once Upon a Dream"" was covered by Emily Osment in October 2008 for the Platinum Edition release of the film. Osment's rendition was included in the 2008 compilation album ""Princess Disneymania"". In 2014, a remix of the song by TRiON was released as a part of

Walt Disney Records' album, Dconstructed. ""Once Upon a Dream"" was covered by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for the dark fantasy film ""Maleficent"" (2014), which serves as a prequel to and re-imagining of the original ""Sleeping Beauty"". The song was released on January 26, 2014; it was made available as a free digital download during its first week of availability by the Google Play Store. On February 4, the digital download was made available for purchase. The cover received generally positive reception. ""Forbes"" called the cover ""moody and low-key"" while Stereogum described it as ""swoony"" and ""spaced-out"". Hypable

Once Upon a Dream (Sleeping Beauty song) ""Once Upon a Dream"" is a song written for the 1959 animated musical fantasy film ""Sleeping Beauty"" produced by Walt Disney. Its lyrics were written by Jack Lawrence, and its music by Sammy Fain. The song's melody is based on the ""Grande valse villageoise"" (nicknamed ""The Garland Waltz""), from the 1890 ballet ""The Sleeping Beauty"" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. ""Once Upon a Dream"" serves as the film's main theme, and as the love theme of Princess Aurora and Prince Philip. It is performed in the film by a chorus as an overture and

Celesta
""Be Myself"". The celesta has been common in cinema for decades. In addition to supplementing numerous soundtrack orchestrations for films of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, the celesta has occasionally been spotlighted to invoke a whimsical air. For example, in ""Pinocchio"" (1940), a small motif on the celesta is used whenever the Blue Fairy appears out of thin air or performs magic. Celesta also provides the signature opening of ""Pure Imagination"", a song (sung by Gene Wilder) from the 1971 film ""Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory"". Composer John Williams's scores for the first three Harry Potter films feature the

"Edith Mathis"
Edith Mathis Edith Mathis (born 11 February 1938) is a Swiss soprano and a leading exponent of the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart worldwide. She is known for parts in Mozart operas, but also took part in premieres of operas such as Henze's ""Der junge Lord"". Her voice was featured in a key scene of the film, ""The Shawshank Redemption"", joining with that of Gundula Janowitz in a duet from ""Le Nozze di Figaro"", ""soar[ing] over a prison yard, signifying joy and hope in a world of despair,"" according to a 2014 article in ""The New York Times"". Mathis was

"The Dream of Gerontius"
decades after its composition leading performers of the tenor part included Gervase Elwes and John Coates, and Louise Kirkby Lunn, Elena Gerhardt and Julia Culp were admired as the Angel. Later singers associated with the work include Muriel Foster, Clara Butt, Kathleen Ferrier, and Janet Baker as the Angel, and Heddle Nash, Steuart Wilson, Tudor Davies and Richard Lewis as Gerontius. The work has come to be generally regarded as Elgar's finest choral composition. The ""Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"" rates it as ""one of his three or four finest works"", and the authors of ""The Record Guide"", writing

"Once Upon a December"
Once Upon a December ""Once Upon a December"" is a song from the 1997 Fox Animation Studios film ""Anastasia"". The song was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The song and its lyrics are heard three times through the course of the story, twice as a lullaby, and once as a complete song with a bridge. The lullaby is heard first during the film's prologue (performed by Angela Lansbury as the Dowager Empress Marie, and Lacey Chabert as the young Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia) then as an a cappella version toward the end of

desire of Light on wretches grow?"" At the end of the manuscript score, Elgar wrote this quotation from John Ruskin's ""Sesame and Lilies"": Richter signed the autograph copy of the score with the inscription: ""Let drop the Chorus, let drop everybody—but let ""not"" drop the wings of your original genius."" Henry Wood made acoustic recordings of four extracts from ""The Dream of Gerontius"" as early as 1916, with Clara Butt as the Angel. Edison Bell issued the work in 1924 with Elgar's tacit approval (despite his contract with HMV); acoustically recorded and abridged, it was swiftly rendered obsolete by the

"Torch Song Trilogy (film)"
""Billboard"" and ""Cashbox"". The song ""This Time the Dream's On Me"" sung by Ella Fitzgerald, which is used several times throughout the film including over the closing credits, was excised from the planned soundtrack album by Norman Granz, Fitzgerald's long-time manager, when he invoked a contractual clause which gave Fitzgerald the right to refuse her material to appear on an album featuring another artist (known in the music industry as a ""coupling clause""). In actuality, Granz was unhappy with the money offered by the record company, PolyGram Records (now part of Universal Music), for the use of the song in

a federal crime to murder the President of the United States. The United States military has executed 135 people since 1916. The most recent person to be executed by the military is U.S. Army Private John A. Bennett, executed on April 13, 1961 for rape and attempted murder. Since the end of the Civil War in 1865, only one person has been executed for a purely military offense: Private Eddie Slovik, who was executed on January 31, 1945 after being convicted of desertion. Capital punishment by the United States federal government Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the United

"Rainey Bethea"
Rainey Bethea Rainey Bethea (c. 1909 – August 14, 1936) was the last person in the United States. Bethea, who confessed to the rape and murder of a 70-year-old woman named Lischia Edwards, was convicted of her rape and publicly hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky. Mistakes in performing the hanging, and the surrounding media circus, contributed to the end of public executions in the United States. Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Bethea was a black man orphaned after the death of his mother in 1919 and his father in 1926. Little is known of his time before he arrived in Owensboro in

"Westley Allan Dodd"
Westley Allan Dodd Westley Allan Dodd (July 3, 1961 – January 5, 1993) was an American serial killer and convicted sex offender. His execution (which was performed at his own request) on January 5, 1993, was the first legal hanging in the United States since 1965. Westley Allan Dodd was born in Toppenish, Washington, on July 3, 1961, the oldest of Jim and Carol Dodd's three children. Dodd claimed he was never abused or neglected as a child. He claimed, however, that the words ""I love you"" were never said to him as he grew up, nor could he ever

"Billy Bailey"
remained eligible to choose hanging over lethal injection. Only the state of New Hampshire still permits executions by hanging as of 2018. Billy Bailey Billy Bailey (January 1947 – January 25, 1996) was a convicted murderer who was hanged in Delaware in 1996. He became only the third person to be hanged in the United States since 1965 (the previous two were Charles Rodman Campbell and Westley Allan Dodd, both in Washington) and the first person hanged in Delaware in 50 years. As of 2018, he remains the last person to be executed by hanging in the United States. In

Billy Bailey Billy Bailey (January 1947 – January 25, 1996) was a convicted murderer who was hanged in Delaware in 1996. He became only the third person to be hanged in the United States since 1965 (the previous two were Charles Rodman Campbell and Westley Allan Dodd, both in Washington) and the first person hanged in Delaware in 50 years. As of 2018, he remains the last person to be executed by hanging in the United States. In 1979, Bailey was assigned to the Plummer House, a work release facility in Wilmington, Delaware, but soon escaped. He later appeared at

held at Springfield MCFP, and one is held at USP Beaumont. Two people have been re-sentenced since 1976 to life in prison and one had the sentence commuted to life in prison by President Bill Clinton in 2001. In 2017, President Barack Obama commuted two death sentences, one handed down by a federal district court and one other issued by a court-martial. In the federal system, the final decision to seek the death penalty rests with the United States Attorney General. This differs from states, where local prosecutors have the final say with no involvement from the state attorney general.

without their own death penalties. The policy was later abandoned and Marvin Gabrion, who committed his crime in Michigan, became the first post-""Furman"" person in a non-death penalty state to receive the federal death penalty; he was sentenced on March 16, 2002. By October 2009 federal courts gave death sentences to eight other persons from non-death penalty states. Timothy McVeigh was executed on June 11, 2001, for his involvement in the Oklahoma City bombing where 168 people were killed. It was the first federal execution since 1963; it was broadcast on a closed circuit-television to survivors and victims' families. Other

"Clarence Ray Allen"
Clarence Ray Allen ""For the basketball player see Ray Allen"" Clarence Ray Allen (January 16, 1930 – January 17, 2006) was an American criminal who was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison in California for the murders of three people. At age 76 in 2006, he became the second-oldest inmate at the time to be executed in the United States since 1976, after John B. Nixon, who was executed in Mississippi in December 2005 at age 77. This record has since been broken by Walter Moody. Pro-death penalty activists cite Allen's actions as a reason to support

familiar with Clarence Ray Allen stated that he often walked without assistance and was also able to read his mail. Clarence Ray Allen ""For the basketball player see Ray Allen"" Clarence Ray Allen (January 16, 1930 – January 17, 2006) was an American criminal who was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison in California for the murders of three people. At age 76 in 2006, he became the second-oldest inmate at the time to be executed in the United States since 1976, after John B. Nixon, who was executed in Mississippi in December 2005 at age 77.

"The Great Gatsby"
The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession with the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, ""The Great Gatsby"" explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Roaring Twenties that has been described as

still returns to Tom. Sarah Churchwell sees ""The Great Gatsby"" as a ""cautionary tale of the decadent downside of the American dream."" The story deals with the limits and realities of America's ideals of social and class mobility, and the inevitably hopeless lower class aspirations to rise above the station(s) of their birth. The book in stark relief through the narrator, Nick Carraway, observes that: ""... a sense of the fundamental decencies is parcelled out unequally at birth."" Using elements of irony and tragic ending, it also delves into themes of excesses of the rich and recklessness of youth. Journalist

"The Great Gatsby (2013 film)"
had ever met. Nick's doctor suggests that he write his thoughts down, since writing is Nick's passion... In the summer of 1922, Nick moves from the Midwest to New York after abandoning writing. He rents a small groundskeeper's cottage in the North Shore village of West Egg, next to the mansion of Gatsby, a mysterious business magnate who often holds extravagant parties. Nick has dinner with his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her husband, Tom; Daisy plays matchmaker between Nick and another guest, Jordan Baker. When Nick returns home, he sees Gatsby standing on the dock, reaching towards the green light

Roaring Twenties on Long Island. The film polarized critics, receiving both praise and criticism for its acting performances, soundtrack, visual style, and direction. Audiences responded more positively and Fitzgerald's granddaughter praised the film, stating ""Scott would have been proud."" As of 2017, it is Luhrmann's highest-grossing film, grossing over $353 million worldwide. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film won in both of its nominated categories: Best Production Design and Best Costume Design. In December 1929, Nick Carraway, a World War I veteran, is receiving treatment at a psychiatric hospital. He talks about Jay Gatsby, the most hopeful man he

a contender for the title ""Great American Novel."" In 1998, the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period. Set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922, ""The Great Gatsby"" provides a critical social history of America during the Roaring Twenties within its fictional narrative. That era, known for widespread economic prosperity, the development of jazz music, flapper culture, new technologies in communication (motion pictures, broadcast radio, recorded music) forging a genuine mass culture, and bootlegging, along with other criminal activity, is plausibly depicted in Fitzgerald's

a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream. Fitzgerald—inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's North Shore—began planning the novel in 1923, desiring to produce, in his words, ""something ""new""—something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned."" Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the following winter. Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book's title and he considered a variety of alternatives, including titles that referred to the Roman

New York as a bond salesman. He rents a small house on Long Island, in the fictional village of West Egg, next door to the lavish mansion of Jay Gatsby, a mysterious multi-millionaire who holds extravagant parties but does not participate in them. Nick drives around the bay to East Egg for dinner at the home of his cousin, Daisy Fay Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, a college acquaintance of Nick's. They introduce Nick to Jordan Baker, an attractive, cynical young golfer. She reveals to Nick that Tom has a mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who lives in the ""valley of ashes,""

everything he wanted, even as she led him toward everything he despised. In her book ""Careless People: Murder, Mayhem and the Invention of The Great Gatsby"" (2013), Sarah Churchwell speculates that parts of the ending of ""The Great Gatsby"" were based on the Hall-Mills Case. Based on her forensic search for clues, she asserts that the two victims in the Hall-Mills murder case inspired the characters who were murdered in ""The Great Gatsby"". In the summer of 1922, Nick Caraway, a Yale graduate and veteran of the Great War from the Midwest—who serves as the novel's narrator—takes a job in

novel is set, starting in June 2011. The director instead opted to shoot principal photography in Sydney. Filming began on September 5, 2011, at Fox Studios Australia and finished on December 22, 2011, with additional shots filmed in January 2012. The film was shot with Red Epic digital cameras and Zeiss Ultra Prime lenses. The ""Valley of Ashes"", the desolate land located between West Egg and New York was shot in Balmain, New South Wales and Manly Business School in Manly–known as Saint Patrick's Seminary–doubled as Gatsby's mansion. Nick's house was located in Centennial Park. In creating the background scenery

"Great North Road (Great Britain)"
after leaving London on his way to Wales to find Tessa Gray. ""Dick Whittington and His Cat"" is an English story adapted for the stage in 1605, that, since the 19th century has become a pantomime, is loosely based on the historical Richard Whittington, a medieval Lord Mayor of London. The road is mentioned in Mark Knopfler's song, ""5:15 AM"", from the album ""Shangri La"". The High Road mentioned in ""Loch Lomond"" is also a reference to it. The song ""Heading South on the Great North Road"" on Sting's 2016 album 57th & 9th pays tribute to artists from the

"NCAA Division II Football Championship"
of writers, while UPI would poll a panel of coaches. National champions by polling While the NCAA started Division II playoffs in 1973, AP and UPI still conducted their polls these years. Since 1973, a post-season tournament has been held to determine the Division II Champion. The current format, in use since 2016, features 28 teams. The 28 teams are organized into 4 super-regions of 7 teams each, the top-seeded team in each super-region gets a bye during the first round. The champions of the four super-regions meet in the semi-final round, and the winners of the two semi-final games

"NCAA Division II"
football team carries a larger roster than most sports, this may require the university to field six women's teams and four men's team in order to meet the equal gender balance requirement (they were also looking to add a track and field team for men). Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women (or four for men and six for women), with two team sports for each sex, and each playing season represented by each sex. Teams that consist of both men and women are counted as men's teams for sports sponsorship

(1986–2013), and Kansas City, Kansas (2014–2017). The 2018 game will be played at the McKinney ISD Stadium and Community Event Center in McKinney, Texas. Since 1994, the games have been broadcast on ESPN. Prior to 1973, for what was then called the ""NCAA College Division,"" champions were selected by polls conducted at the end of each regular season by two major wire services; in some years the two polls named different number one teams. Polls were conducted by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI) at the end of each regular season. The AP would poll a panel

meet in a neutral-site championship game. Prior to the championship game itself, the game is held at the higher-seeded team's stadium. The championship game has been played at several sites through history, starting in 2018 it will be held at the McKinney Independent School District Stadium, a 12,000 seat facility that opened in August, 2018. † Mississippi College's 1989 tournament participation, along with its championship, were vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infractions. Most of the participants in early national championship games have moved into Division I, the main catalyst for their moves being the creation of Division I-AA, now

III. Nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the men's basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the women's basketball championship. CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, and one men's basketball game per week on Saturdays during that sport's regular season. The official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is ""Make It Yours."" There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015. Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large

II athletics programs. Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships (whereas each school in Division I FBS, the highest level, is allowed 85 individuals receiving financial aid for football), although some Division II conferences limit the number of scholarships to a lower level. Division II scholarship programs are frequently the recipients of student-athletes transferring from Division I schools; a transfer

"2018 NCAA Division II football season"
2018 NCAA Division II football season The 2018 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, began on August 30, 2018 and will end with the Division II championship on December 15, 2018 at the McKinney Independent School District Stadium in McKinney, Texas, hosted by the Lone Star Conference. Originally, the game was awarded to another bid by the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association and Children's Mercy Park in Kansas City, Kansas but, due to field repairs, that contract was terminated in September

NCAA Division II Football Championship The NCAA Division II Football Championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine a champion at the NCAA Division II level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination tournament with eight teams. The tournament field has subsequently been expanded three times; in 1988 it became 16 teams, in 2004 it became 24 teams, and in 2016 it became 28 teams. The National Championship game has been held in seven different cities; Sacramento, California (1973–1975), Wichita Falls, Texas (1976–1977), Longview, Texas (1978), Albuquerque, New Mexico (1979–1980), McAllen, Texas (1981–1985), Florence, Alabama

other than football, baseball, men's and women's basketball, and men's ice hockey, a first-time transfer does not have to sit out a year, provided that the player's former institution grants a scholarship release. Additionally, student-athletes in any sport who complete a bachelor's degree and still have athletic eligibility remaining can transfer to another school and be immediately eligible, provided that they enroll in a graduate or professional degree program at the new institution. There are also some restrictions with transferring to another school for the same sport in the same conference. The newest D-II conference is the Mountain East Conference,

total financial aid each Division II member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. All Division II sports are classified as ""equivalency"" sports, meaning that the NCAA restricts the total financial aid that a school can offer in a given sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. This differs from Division I, in which some sports are ""head-count"" sports in which the NCAA limits the total number of individuals who can receive athletic aid. In another practice that differs from Division I, Division II members are limited to a combined total of 60 scholarship

"Premier League Player of the Season"
Month and Player of the Season awards were only first bestowed during the 1994–95 season. The first Player of the Season award was given to Blackburn Rovers striker Alan Shearer, who won the Premier League title with his team and the Golden Boot that season. Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Nemanja Vidić have been Player of the Season on two occasions each and are the only players to have won the award more than once, with Ronaldo having achieved this in consecutive years (2007 and 2008). Eight players were the Premier League's leading goalscorer and won the Golden Boot alongside

"Premier League records and statistics"
Premier League records and statistics The top tier of English football was renamed the Premier League for the start of the 1992–93 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Premier League. Players currently playing in the Premier League are highlighted in bold. Players currently playing in the Premier League are highlighted in bold. Players currently playing in the Premier League are highlighted in bold. This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League. The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results,

old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted. The league held its first season in 1992–93. It was composed of 22 clubs for that season. The first Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and

Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League. There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others

"Cry Baby Cry"
Cry Baby Cry ""Cry Baby Cry"" is a song by the Beatles, written by John Lennon (though credited to Lennon–McCartney) from their 1968 album ""The Beatles"" (also known as the ""White Album""). The outro of the song is a short segment referred to as ""Can You Take Me Back"", written by Paul McCartney, which was actually an outtake from the ""I Will"" session. Demos indicate that Lennon composed the song in late 1967. The original lyrics were ""Cry baby cry, make your mother buy."" Lennon described to biographer Hunter Davies how he got the words from an advertisement. Some of

"Cry Baby (Garnet Mimms song)"
Cry Baby (Garnet Mimms song) ""Cry Baby"" is a song originally recorded by Garnet Mimms and the Enchanters, in 1963, and later covered by rock singer Janis Joplin. Bert Berns wrote the song with Jerry Ragovoy. Garnet Mimms and the Enchanters recorded it for the United Artists record label. It topped the R&B chart and went to #4 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in 1963, and paved the way for soul hits by Aretha Franklin and Otis Redding later in the decade. The third verse was spoken by Mimms until the repeated refrain of the repeated song title. In

primary lyric of the song, and has been officially deemed so on the track listing for the 50th anniversary edition of ""The Beatles"". The hidden track is an improvised jam recorded by McCartney during a 16 September 1968 session for ""I Will"". Per Ian MacDonald: ""Cry Baby Cry"" ""Can You Take Me Back?"" Cry Baby Cry ""Cry Baby Cry"" is a song by the Beatles, written by John Lennon (though credited to Lennon–McCartney) from their 1968 album ""The Beatles"" (also known as the ""White Album""). The outro of the song is a short segment referred to as ""Can You Take

the introduction, McCartney's bass, and Starr's drums, along with Lennon's piano and George Martin's harmonium, while all other parts were dubbed in two days later: Lennon's lead vocal, Lennon/McCartney falsetto backing vocals and tambourines, Martin's harmonium introduction, sound effects for tea, and Harrison's guitar, a Gibson Les Paul borrowed from Eric Clapton and soon to be a permanent gift. The song is followed on the album by an unrelated and unlisted track, ad libbed and sung by Paul McCartney. Though the song originally had no official name, it has popularly become known as ""Can You Take Me Back?"" after the

Cry-Baby
Cry-Baby Cry-Baby is a 1990 American teen musical romantic comedy film written and directed by John Waters. It was the only film of Waters' over which studios were in a bidding war, coming off the heels of the successful ""Hairspray"". The film stars Johnny Depp as 1950s teen rebel ""Cry-Baby"" Wade Walker, and also features a large ensemble cast that includes Amy Locane, Polly Bergen, Susan Tyrrell, Iggy Pop, Ricki Lake, and Traci Lords, with appearances by Troy Donahue, Joe Dallesandro, Joey Heatherton, David Nelson, Willem Dafoe, and Patricia Hearst. The story centers on a group of delinquents who refer

"Cry Baby (Cee Lo Green song)"
Lady Killer"". Green has performed the song live several times, including appearances on ""The Jonathan Ross Show"" on October 1, 2011, and BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge on October 4. He was expected to perform the song live during the live finals of ""The X Factor"" on October 9, 2011 but instead sang a medley of ""Satisfied"" and ""Forget You"". The music video features Jaleel White performing as Cee-Lo Green, as Green was unavailable for filming at the time. The video features White leaving his girlfriend (Tanya Chisholm), and claiming to feel like the bad guy for doing so. He

"Cry Baby Cry (Santana song)"
features Santana playing the guitar, Sean Paul in a black wall singing, and footage of women crying (Dania Ramirez of ""Heroes""). Stone does not appear in the video. Cry Baby Cry (Santana song) ""Cry Baby Cry"" is a song by American rock band Santana from their nineteenth studio album, ""All That I Am"" (2005). The song features Jamaican singer and songwriter Sean Paul and English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, and was released as the album's third and final single. It was written by Lester Mendez, Sean Paul, Kara DioGuardi, and Jimmy Harry. ""Cry Baby Cry"" was the third US

"Cry! Cry! Cry!"
Cry! Cry! Cry! “Cry! Cry! Cry!” is a song that was written and performed by singer/song writer, Johnny Cash. The song was originally released in 1955 and reached #14 on the charts. The early success of the song led to a featured spot on the Louisiana Hayride Tour and kicked off the career of Johnny Cash in the process. The song sold over 100,000 copies in the southern states alone. Cash then began to tour with Elvis Presley (among other artists from the record business) soon after its release. In 1954, before the release of the song ""Cry! Cry! Cry!,""

Cry Baby Cry (Santana song) ""Cry Baby Cry"" is a song by American rock band Santana from their nineteenth studio album, ""All That I Am"" (2005). The song features Jamaican singer and songwriter Sean Paul and English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, and was released as the album's third and final single. It was written by Lester Mendez, Sean Paul, Kara DioGuardi, and Jimmy Harry. ""Cry Baby Cry"" was the third US single and the second international single from Santana's album ""All That I Am"". The song is also included as a bonus track on the 2006 special edition of

"Cry Like a Baby"
Cry Like a Baby ""Cry Like a Baby"" is a 1968 song written by Dan Penn and Spooner Oldham, and performed by The Box Tops. The song reached #2 in April 1968 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, a position which it held for two weeks. It was kept out of the top spot by Bobby Goldsboro's ""Honey"", which stayed at #1 for five weeks. ""Cry Like a Baby"" also reached #2 on ""Cashbox"" for one week. It stayed on the Hot 100 for 15 weeks and ""Cashbox"" for 14 weeks. It was awarded a gold disc for selling over

The Italians included a team of glass makers. During 1621 fifty-seven unmarried women sailed to Virginia under the auspices of the Virginia Company, who paid for their transport and provided them with a small bundle of clothing and other goods to take with them. A colonist who married one of the women would be responsible for repaying the Virginia Company for his wife's transport and provisions. The women traveled on three ships, ""The Marmaduke"", ""The Warwick"", and ""The Tyger"". Many of the women were not ""maids"" but widows. Some others were children, for example Priscilla, the eight-year-old daughter of Joanne

during the Virginia Company of London's Third Supply mission from England due to a major hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. A large portion of the food and supplies had been aboard the new flagship of the Virginia Company, ""Sea Venture"", which became shipwrecked at Bermuda and separated from the other ships, seven of which arrived at the colony with even more new colonists to feed, and few supplies, most of which had been aboard the larger flagship. The impending hardship was further compounded by the loss of their most skillful leader in dealing with the Powhatan Confederacy in trading for

of Black people in colonial America. These colonists were freemen and indentured servants. At this time the slave trade between Africa and the English colonies had not yet been established. Records from 1623 and 1624 listed the African inhabitants of the colony as servants, not slaves. In the case of William Tucker, the first Black person born in the colonies, freedom was his birthright. He was son of ""Antony and Isabell"", a married couple from Angola who worked as indentured servants for Captain William Tucker whom he was named after. Yet, court records show that at least one African had

were residing at Passapatanzy, a village of the Patawomecks, a Powhatan Confederacy tribe which did some trading with Powhatans. They lived in present-day Stafford County on the Potomac River near Fredericksburg, about from Werowocomoco. She was abducted by Englishmen whose leader was Samuel Argall, and transported about south to the English settlement at Henricus on the James River. There, Pocahontas converted to Christianity and took the name ""Rebecca"" under the tutelage of Reverend Alexander Whitaker who had arrived in Jamestown in 1611. She married prominent planter John Rolfe, who had lost his first wife and child in the journey from

capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699. The settlement was located within the country of Tsenacommacah, which was ruled by the Powhatan Confederacy, and specifically in that of the Paspahegh tribe. The natives initially welcomed and provided crucial provisions and support for the colonists, who were not agriculturally inclined. Relations soured fairly early on, however, leading to the total annihilation of the Paspahegh in warfare within three years. Mortality was very high at Jamestown itself due to disease and starvation, with over 80 percent of the colonists perishing in 1609–10 in what became known

by the Powhatan. As his party was being slaughtered around him, Smith strapped his Native guide in front of him as a shield and escaped with his life but was captured by Opechancanough, the Powhatan chief's half-brother. Smith gave him a compass which pleased the warrior and made him decide to let Smith live. Smith was taken before Wahunsunacock, who was commonly referred to as Chief Powhatan, at the Powhatan Confederacy's seat of government at Werowocomoco on the York River. However, 17 years later, in 1624, Smith first related that when the chief decided to execute him, this course of

though it was eventually destroyed during the Indian Massacre of 1622, during which a third of the colonists were killed. In 1616, Governor Dale joined John Rolfe and Pocahontas and their young son Thomas as they left their Varina Farms plantation for a public relations mission to England, where Pocahontas was received and treated as a form of visiting royalty by Queen Anne. This stimulated more interest in investments in the Virginia Company, the desired effect. However, as the couple prepared to return to Virginia, Pocahontas died of an illness at Gravesend on March 17, 1617, where she was buried.

105 died during the journey) arrived at their chosen settlement spot in Virginia. There were no women on the first ships. Arriving at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay in late April, they named the Virginia capes after the sons of their king, the southern Cape Henry, for Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the northern Cape Charles, for his younger brother, Charles, Duke of York. On April 26, 1607, upon landing at Cape Henry, Chaplain Robert Hunt offered a prayer, and they set up a cross near the site of the current Cape Henry Memorial. This site came to

as skilled craftsmen and industry specialists: soap-ash, glass, lumber milling (wainscot, clapboard, and 'deal' — planks, especially soft wood planks) and naval stores (pitch, turpentine, and tar). Among these additional settlers were eight ""Dutch-men"" (consisting of unnamed craftsmen and three who were probably the wood-mill-men — Adam, Franz and Samuel) ""Dutch-men"" (probably meaning German or German-speakers), Polish and Slovak craftsmen, who had been hired by the Virginia Company of London's leaders to help develop and manufacture profitable export products. There has been debate about the nationality of the specific craftsmen, and both the Germans and Poles claim the glassmaker for

England several years earlier, which served to greatly improve relations between the Virginia Native Americans and the colonists for several years. However, when she and John Rolfe took their young son Thomas Rolfe on a public relations trip to England to help raise more investment money for the Virginia Company, she became ill and died just as they were leaving to return to Virginia. Her interment was at St George's Church in Gravesend. What became known as the ""Starving Time"" in the Virginia Colony occurred during the winter of 1609–10, when only 60 of 500 English colonists survived. The colonists,

"United Kingdom corporation tax"
charities are also normally deducted in calculating taxable income if made under Gift Aid. The 2007 Budget announced a main rate cut from 30% to 28%, effective from April 2008. At the same time, the small companies' rate was increased from 19% to 20% from April 2007, 21% in April 2008, to stop ""individuals artificially incorporating as small companies to avoid paying their due share of tax, a practice if left unaddressed would cost the rest of the taxpaying population billions of pounds"". The rate of corporation tax is determined by the financial year, which runs from 1 April to

to collect corporation tax must be passed annually by parliament, otherwise there is no authority to collect it. The charge for the financial year (beginning 1 April each year) is imposed by successive finance acts. The tax is charged in respect of the company's accounting period, which is normally the 12-month period for which the company prepares its accounts. Corporation tax is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Corporation tax is levied on the net profits of a company. Except for certain life assurance companies, it is borne by the company as a direct tax. Up until 1999

40% in 1971. In 1973, alongside the introduction of advance corporation tax (ACT), Conservative chancellor Anthony Barber created a main rate of 52%, together with a smaller companies' rate of 42%. This apparent increase was negated by the fact that under the ACT scheme, dividends were no longer subject to income tax. The 1979 Conservative Budget of Geoffrey Howe cut the small companies' rate to 40%, followed by a further cut in the 1982 Budget to 38%. The Budgets of 1983–1988 saw sharp cuts in both main and small companies' rates, falling to 35% and 25% respectively. Budgets between 1988

the corporation tax paid up to 19%. For example, a company making £10,000 profit, and making a £6,000 dividend distribution to an individual and £4,000 to another company would pay 19% corporation tax on the £6,000. Although this measure substantially reduced the number of small businesses incorporating, the Chancellor in the 2006 Budget said tax avoidance by small businesses through incorporation was still a major issue, and scrapped the starting rate entirely. The starting point for computing taxable profits is profits before tax (except for a life assurance company). The rules for calculating corporation tax generally ran in parallel with

United Kingdom corporation tax In the United Kingdom, corporation tax is a corporate tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK. Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same income tax rates as individual taxpayers, with an additional profits tax levied on companies. Finance Act 1965 replaced this structure for companies and associations with a single corporate tax, which took its basic structure and rules from the income tax system. Since 1997, the UK's Tax Law Rewrite Project has

FY06 portion, and 20% on the FY07 portion. From 1 April 2010 HM Revenue & Customs updated their terminology and the former Small Companies' Rate is now called Small Profits Rate. Notes: Most companies are required to pay tax nine months and a day after the end of an accounting period. Larger companies are required to pay quarterly instalments, in the seventh, tenth, thirteenth and sixteenth months after a full accounting period starts. These times are modified where an accounting period lasts for less than twelve months. From 2005 onwards, for tax payable on oil and gas extraction profits, the

third and fourth quarterly instalments are merged, including the supplementary 10% charge. In the financial year 2004–2005, approximately 39,000 companies paid corporation tax at the main rate. These 4.7% of active companies are responsible for 75% of all corporation tax receipts. Around 224,000 companies paid the small companies rate, with 34,000 benefiting from marginal relief. 264,000 were in the starting rate, with 269,000 benefiting from the lower band of marginal relief. The total revenue was £41.9bn from 831,885 companies. Only 23480 companies had a liability in excess of £100,000. HMRC has one year from the normal filing date, which is

and 2001 brought further falls to a 30% main rate and 19% small companies' rates. From April 1983 to March 1997 the small companies' rate was pegged to the basic rate of income tax. During the 1980s there was briefly a higher rate of tax imposed for capital profits. Chancellor Gordon Brown's 1999 Budget introduced a 10% starting rate for profits from £0 to £10,000, effective from April 2000. Marginal relief applied meaning companies with profits of between £10,000 and £50,000 paid a rate between the starting rate and the small companies' rate (19% in 2000). The 2002 Budget cut

"Taxation in the United Kingdom"
income tax, while the legislation imposing corporation tax has itself been amended; the rules governing income tax and corporation tax have thus diverged. Business rates is the commonly used name of non-domestic rates, a rate or tax charged to occupiers of non-domestic property. Business rates form part of the funding for local government, and are collected by them, but rather than receipts being retained directly they are pooled centrally and then redistributed. In 2005–06, £19.9 billion was collected in business rates, representing 4.35 percent of the total United Kingdom tax income. Business rates are a property tax, where each non-domestic

described above falling to £1.2 m, a fall in income of 20%, because no tax would be reclaimable. From 6 April 1999 ACT was abolished, and the tax credit on dividends was reduced to 10%. There was a matching reduction in the basic income tax rate on dividends to 10%, while a new higher-rate of 32.5% was introduced which led to an overall effective 25% tax rate for higher rate taxpayers on dividends (after setting this ""notional"" tax credit against the tax liability).While non-taxpayers were no longer able to claim this amount from the treasury (as opposed to taxpayers who

"Origins of rock and roll"
began in the rhythm and blues market for songs about ""rocking"", including ""We're Gonna Rock"" by Wild Bill Moore, the first commercially successful ""honking"" sax record, with the words ""We're gonna rock, we're gonna roll"" as a background chant. One of the most popular was ""Rock the Joint"", first recorded by Jimmy Preston in May 1949, and a R&B top 10 hit that year. Preston's version is often considered a prototype of a rock-and-roll song, and it was covered in 1952 by Bill Haley and the Saddlemen. Marshall Lytle, Haley's bass player, claimed that this was one of the songs

"George McCrae"
1980s. His later albums found some success in Europe, and he continued to perform regularly there. By the 2000s, he shared his time between homes in Florida, Aruba and the Netherlands. George McCrae George Warren McCrae, Jr. (born October 19, 1944) is an American soul and disco singer, most famous for his 1974 hit ""Rock Your Baby"". McCrae was the second of nine children, born in West Palm Beach, Florida. He formed his own singing group, the Jivin' Jets, before joining the United States Navy in 1963. Four years later, he reformed the group, with his wife Gwen joining the

"Alan Merrill"
Alan Merrill Alan Merrill (born Allan Preston Sachs; February 19, 1951) is an American vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, actor and model. In the early 1970s Merrill was the first westerner to achieve pop star status in Japan. He is the lead singer of the first ever released version and author of the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" by the Arrows in 1975. Merrill is best known as a vocalist and songwriter but also plays the guitar, bass guitar, harmonica and keyboards. Merrill was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of two jazz musicians, singer Helen Merrill and

George McCrae George Warren McCrae, Jr. (born October 19, 1944) is an American soul and disco singer, most famous for his 1974 hit ""Rock Your Baby"". McCrae was the second of nine children, born in West Palm Beach, Florida. He formed his own singing group, the Jivin' Jets, before joining the United States Navy in 1963. Four years later, he reformed the group, with his wife Gwen joining the line-up, but soon afterwards they decided to work as a duo, recording for Henry Stone's Alston record label. Gwen then won a solo contract, with George acting as her manager as

"The Smurfs (TV series)"
three single disc releases of ""The Smurfs"" in 2009, each containing 5 episodes from the second season. A two-disc DVD was set to be released in 2011 to tie into the theatrical film with 10 episodes culled from the entire run of the series, but included episodes from the second season instead. Another DVD with both ""Smurfs"" Christmas specials was released later that year. It is unknown if Warner Archive will release the rest of the show's complete seasons (as part of the Hanna-Barbera Classics Collection series). Fabulous Films and Arrow Films have released the first five seasons on DVD

1989 on the NBC network. Outsourced production work was done by Wang Film Productions/Cuckoo's Nest Studios and, only for the Season 7, by Toei Animation. ""The Smurfs"" was noted for its frequent use of classical music as background music or themes for particular events. Notable works found in the Smurfs include: The show was formerly distributed by Worldvision Enterprises (now CBS Television Distribution). It is now distributed by Warner Bros. Television Distribution, as Time Warner is the current owner of all Hanna-Barbera properties, having inherited them in their 1996 merger with Turner Broadcasting. Some episodes are available through the online

video service In2TV. Syndicated airings of the show are usually broadcast under the title ""Smurfs Adventures"". Although each season had its own unique opening song during the original broadcast, syndicated airings usually use a shortened version of the season 4 opening, where Gargamel says, ""Ravage the land as never before, total destruction from mountain to shore."" Warner Home Video (via Hanna-Barbera Productions and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released the complete first season on DVD in a two-volume set in 2008. Despite high sales of both sets, no further seasons have been released. Warner Home Video later released a series of

The Smurfs (TV series) The Smurfs (syndicated as Smurfs' Adventures) is an American-Belgian animated fantasy-comedy children's television series that aired on NBC from 12 September 1981, to 2 December 1989. Produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, it is based on the Belgian comic series by the same name, created by Belgian cartoonist Peyo (who also served as story supervisor of this adaptation) and aired for 256 episodes with a total of 418 stories, excluding three cliffhanger episodes and seven specials. In 1976, Stuart R. Ross, an American media and entertainment entrepreneur who saw the Smurfs while traveling in Belgium, entered into an

"The Smurfs"
IGN. It was called ""kiddie cocaine"" for people growing up during the 1980s. On August 31, 2017 it was announced that IMPS and Dupuis Audiovisuel would be working on the new Smurfs TV series with CGI animation. On February 26, 2008, Warner Home Video released Season 1 Volume 1 on DVD, containing the first 19 episodes. On October 7, 2008, Warner Bros. released Season 1 Volume 2 on DVD, containing the remaining 20 episodes from season 1. Though Warner Bros. has decided to discontinue the season sets and release single-disc volume sets instead, they are reportedly still following the correct

sarsaparilla). The Smurfs fulfill simple archetypes of everyday people: ""Lazy Smurf"", ""Grouchy Smurf"", ""Brainy Smurf"", and so on. All Smurfs, with the exception of Papa, Baby, Smurfette, Nanny and Grandpa, are said to be 100 years old. There were originally 99 Smurfs, but this number increased as new Smurf characters appeared, such as Sassette and Nanny. All of the original Smurfs were male; later female additions are Smurfette and Sassette—Smurfette being Gargamel's creation, while Sassette was created by the Smurflings. A characteristic of the Smurf language is the frequent use of the undefinable word ""smurf"" and its derivatives in a

they did not do so until 1992 (two years later). The decreased ratings were the result of the network changing the format of the show, resulting in the final season featuring regular time travel with only a few Smurfs. In the TV series, many classical masterpieces are used as background music during the episodes, among them Franz Schubert's Unfinished Symphony (Symphony No. 8 in B minor), Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt and Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition. Reruns of the show are played on the Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang. ""The Smurfs"" was named the 97th best animated series by

of two ""Just Smurfy"" collections, each featuring episodes not yet released on DVD to the Australian market. December 3, 2010 saw the 3rd collection hit the market. A fourth Just Smurfy set was planned for release on March 2, 2011. Magna Home Entertainment in Australia have released Season 1 & Season 2 on August 24, 2011. Season 3 and Season 4 released October 5, 2011. A limited edition 'Ultimate Collection 1' which features the first 5 seasons was released on August 24, 2011. A 'Ultimate Collection 2' which features Season 6 – Season 9 was released on November 2, 2011.

order of episodes. Magna Home Entertainment in Australia has released a 9-disc 50th Anniversary Collection, containing a total of 52 episodes. In September 2009, a Smurfette-themed collection containing 25 episodes was made available followed by the ""Papa Smurf Collection"" in December 2009 containing 26 themed episodes. In July 2010, both the Smurfette and Papa Smurf Collection were included in a special 'Favourites Collection'. Also releasing at the same time was the Smurfs very first feature film (produced in 1975), ""The Smurfs and the Magic Flute"", available for the first time on DVD, in Australia. November 3, 2010 witnessed the release

Saturday morning cartoon ""The Smurfs"", produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in association with SEPP International S.A. (from 1981 to 1987) and Lafig S.A. (in the years 1988 and 1989), debuted on NBC in 1981. The series became a major success for the networkand one of the most successful and longest running Saturday morning cartoons in television history, spawning spin-off television specials on an almost yearly basis. The characters included Papa Smurf, Smurfette, Brainy Smurf, the evil Gargamel, his cat Azrael, and Johan and his friend Peewit. ""The Smurfs"" was nominated multiple times for Daytime Emmy Awards, and won Outstanding Children's Entertainment

"Steve Goodman"
bill was signed by President Barack Obama on August 3, 2010. Steve Goodman Steven Benjamin Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago. He wrote the song ""City of New Orleans,"" which was recorded by Arlo Guthrie and many others including Joan Baez, John Denver and Judy Collins; in 1985, it received a Grammy award for best country song, as performed by Willie Nelson. Goodman had a small but dedicated group of fans for his albums and concerts during his lifetime, and is generally considered a musician's musician. His most frequently sung

"City of New Orleans (song)"
City of New Orleans (song) ""City of New Orleans"" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's ""City of New Orleans"" in bittersweet and nostalgic terms. Goodman got the idea while traveling on the Illinois Central line for a visit to his wife's family. The song has been recorded by numerous artists both in the US and Europe, including two major hit versions: first by Arlo Guthrie in 1972, and later by Willie Nelson in 1984. An article

Steve Goodman Steven Benjamin Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago. He wrote the song ""City of New Orleans,"" which was recorded by Arlo Guthrie and many others including Joan Baez, John Denver and Judy Collins; in 1985, it received a Grammy award for best country song, as performed by Willie Nelson. Goodman had a small but dedicated group of fans for his albums and concerts during his lifetime, and is generally considered a musician's musician. His most frequently sung song is the Chicago Cubs anthem, ""Go, Cubs, Go"". Goodman died

"City of New Orleans (train)"
""Saluki"", and ""City of New Orleans"" trains from CN's tracks to Norfolk Southern's Chicago Line in the Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood in Chicago. This will eliminate a time consuming switchback on the St. Charles Air Line into Chicago Union Station. A typical ""City of New Orleans"" consist goes as follows: ""City of New Orleans"" is a folk music song written and first performed by Steve Goodman in 1970 and subsequently recorded by Arlo Guthrie in 1972 and many other artists, notably Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash, John Denver (with slightly different lyrics), Judy Collins, and Jerry Reed. The song lyrics trace

""Jingle, Jingle, Jingle"", The Jukebox Band sing this song to celebrate their promotion of winning the slogan contest. Israeli singer Yehoram Gaon recorded an Hebrew version, which was translated by Ilan Goldhirsch, titled ""Shalom lakh eretz nehederet"". Punk rock supergroup cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes released a version as a single in 2017. Judy Collins In her album ""Judith"" City of New Orleans (song) ""City of New Orleans"" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central

his 1972 album ""Hobo's Lullaby"", reaching #4 on the ""Billboard"" Easy Listening chart and #18 on the Hot 100 chart; it would prove to be Guthrie's only top-40 hit and one of only two he would have on the Hot 100 (the other was a severely shortened and rearranged version of his ""magnum opus"" ""Alice's Restaurant"", which hit #97). Steve Goodman won a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Country Song at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 for Willie Nelson's version, which was included on Nelson's 1984 album ""City of New Orleans"". It reached #1 on both the ""Billboard"" Hot

"New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)"
Blues Brothers keyboardist on ""Saturday Night Live""). New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) ""New Orleans"" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as ""Stardust"", ""Georgia on My Mind"" and ""Lazy River"". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: ""You

New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) ""New Orleans"" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as ""Stardust"", ""Georgia on My Mind"" and ""Lazy River"". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: ""You Took Advantage of Me"" and ""Wrap Your

"Steve Goodman (album)"
Steve Goodman (album) Steve Goodman is the debut album of singer/songwriter Steve Goodman, released in 1971. It included his most well-known composition ""City of New Orleans"", first covered by Arlo Guthrie. The album was reissued on CD in 1999 and included two bonus tracks, ""Election Year Rag"" and ""Georgia Rag"". The album was a critical success, although a commercial failure. In reviewing the 1999 reissue, Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann called ""City of New Orleans"" the ""obvious standout"" and wrote, ""At a time when sensitive singer/songwriters were all the rage (a trend that probably earned Goodman his record contract), this was

"The Battle of New Orleans"
battleground to a campground, with the combat being changed to the Boy Scouts chasing after the Girl Scouts. The Battle of New Orleans ""The Battle of New Orleans"" is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored

"I'm Like a Bird"
I'm Like a Bird ""I'm Like a Bird"" is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado, and produced by Gerald Eaton and Brian West, as the first single from her first album, ""Whoa, Nelly!"" It was one of the most successful singles of 2001, peaking at number one on Canada's MuchMusic chart, as well as number two in Australia and New Zealand, number five in the United Kingdom, and number nine in the United States. The song received very positive reviews from music critics for Furtado's singing and the empowering lyrics, and became one of the most critically acclaimed

its release on September 11, 2001, Carey suffered an ""emotional and physical breakdown"", and was subsequently hospitalized over a period of several weeks. ""Glitter"" became a box-office bomb, earning less than eight million dollars, and receiving scathing reviews. The soundtrack, while faring slightly better, failed to reach the critical or commercial heights of Carey's previous releases, and eventually lead to the annulment of her record contract with Virgin. Following the events, as well as the release of Carey's succeeding album, ""Charmbracelet"" (2002), she began working on new material for ""The Emancipation of Mimi"" (2005). Aside from the dance-influenced tracks and

songs of 2001. Many also consider it to be her signature song; Furtado herself commented ""There's a simplicity about it that I love,"" and ""It's my freedom song."" The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, making Furtado the first female act to win the award for her debut single since Mariah Carey did so ten years earlier and the last to be awarded to a Canadian artist winner in the category. It also won the Juno Award for Single of the Year. ""I'm

was commissioned to mainstream channels. Carey performed the song on several high-profile industry events, including the 48th annual Grammy Awards, the ""Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast"" concert charity benefit, and Idol Gives Back. Additionally, Carey included the song on the set-lists for all her succeeding tours since its release. Following record-breaking success throughout the 1990s, Carey departed from Columbia Records after the release of ""Rainbow"" (1999). Almost a year later, she signed an unprecedented $100 million five-album record contract with Virgin Records, and began work on a film and soundtrack project titled ""Glitter"". Prior to

"Mýa"
studio album. The album featured production and collaborations from noteworthy hit-makers such as Missy Elliott, Babyface, Diane Warren, Dru Hill, Darryl Pearson and Silkk Tha Shocker and spawned three successful singles. Her debut single, ""It's All About Me"" featuring fellow R&B singer Sisqó, was released on February 14, 1998. It peaked at No. 6 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and No. 2 on R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart respectively. The single received a gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America on June 4, 1998. Her eponymous debut album was released April 21, 1998 in the United States and reached No.

"But I'm a Cheerleader"
play at several international film festivals including the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras festival and the London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival. It first appeared in U.S. theaters on July 7, 2000, distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment. Fine Line Features had intended to distribute the film but dropped it two months before it was due to open following a dispute with the film's production company, Ignite Entertainment. It closed after 8 weeks, with its widest release having been 115 theaters. The film was released on Region 1 DVD by Lions Gate on July 22, 2002 and by Universal Studios

to hear, in order to give them faith and assurance lest they be in a grave situation. Following the extended chart success of ""The Emancipation of Mimi"", ""Fly Like a Bird"" was released as a promotional single from the project. Simultaneously promoted alongside ""Say Somethin', the song was released on March 13, 2006 to urban, urban AC and gospel stations, while the latter to mainstream Top 40 channels. Tom Ferguson from ""Billboard"" did not agree with releasing both singles concurrently, as he had given ""Say Somethin'"" a negative review. According to Ferguson, while the latter had radio appeal, its ""scantily

Like a Bird"" is composed common time in the key of B♭ major. The song moves at 90 beats per minute, and Furtado's voice spans around an octave and a half, from F to B♭. It is written in verse-chorus form, with a bridge before the third chorus. In 2006 Furtado said of the song, ""I've heard it sung at karaoke or by cover bands and it was awesome — I was like, wow, I've got one of those songs. Somebody once called it a 'hairbrush song', one that girls and guys sing in front of the mirror with their

"It's Tough to Be a Bird"
It's Tough to Be a Bird It's Tough to Be a Bird is a 1969 educational animated short made by Walt Disney Productions. It was directed and produced by Ward Kimball. The short won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Cartoons in 1970 and was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Animated Film in 1971. This was the last animated short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios to win an Academy Award, until ""Paperman"" in 2013. In the short, a red bird explains how birds have contributed to human culture, even as people often try to

"Savin' the Honky Tonk"
Savin' the Honky Tonk Savin' the Honky Tonk is the eleventh studio album by American country music artist Mark Chesnutt. His first album for the Vivtaon! label, it features the singles ""The Lord Loves the Drinkin' Man"", ""I'm a Saint"", and ""A Hard Secret to Keep"", which reached #34, #33, and #59, respectively, on the Hot Country Songs charts. Three of this album's tracks were previously recorded by other artists. ""Beer, Bait, and Ammo"" was originally recorded by its writer, Kevin Fowler, on his 2000 album of the same name, and later by Sammy Kershaw on his 2003 album ""I

"Good God (Korn song)"
Good God (Korn song) ""Good God"" is a song written and recorded by American nu metal band Korn for their second studio album, ""Life Is Peachy"". It was released as the album's third single in November 1997. Jonathan Davis says about the song: ""It's about a guy I knew in school who I thought was my friend, but who fucked me. He came into my life with nothing, hung out at my house, lived off me, and made me do shit I didn't really wanna do. I was into new romantic music and he was a mod, and he'd tell

"That's Good (song)"
That's Good (song) ""That's Good"" is a song by the American new wave band Devo, written by Mark Mothersbaugh and Gerald Casale. It appears on their fifth studio album ""Oh, No! It's Devo"". According to Casale, ""the lyrics deal with the ambiguity that if everybody wants what you want, how can everybody have it if everybody wants it and what happens when everybody tries to get it, and maybe you should change what you want."" The music video for ""That's Good"" eschewed Devo's previous narrative style for a basic performance against a bluescreen background displaying related visuals to the song.

"Honey, I'm Good."
2015. ""Honey, I'm Good."" was re-recorded with guest vocals by American country group Eli Young Band and digitally released on July 14, 2015. This version impacted country radio on July 27, 2015. In an article in the ""New York Post"", Chelsea Samelson writes: ""It's got that down-to-earth realism, and he's not boasting or taking some holier-than-thou stance. In fact, he sings that 'better men than me have failed, drinking from that unholy grail.'"" In November 2014, a lyric video was released that incorporated vintage comics (two out-of-print titles: ""Space Detective"" and ""Out of This World"") for a comedic video directed

"Good God (Anouk song)"
Good God (Anouk song) ""Good God"" is a soul/rock song written by Anouk Teeuwe and her then-husband Remon Stotijn and recorded by Dutch singer Anouk. Produced by its writers along with Glen Ballard, the song was released as the first single from Anouk's album ""Who's Your Momma"" on 2 November 2007. The song is a playable track in Guitar Hero World Tour. The music video of ""Good God"" was recorded in London and directed by Jonas Åkerlund. The video premiered on November 6, 2007 on the news website NU.nl. The song is used in the intro sequence of the Dutch

"Good to Be Alive (Hallelujah)"
Good to Be Alive (Hallelujah) ""Good to Be Alive (Hallelujah)"" is a song by American singer Andy Grammer from the deluxe version of his sophomore album, ""Magazines or Novels"". The song was released on August 24, 2015, during his run on ""Dancing with the Stars"". The song was used in a series of Walmart savings commercials as well as Quaker Oats Chewy Bars. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, the song is written in the key of F major. The music video for ""Good to Be Alive,"" was released to YouTube on November 19, 2015. It depicts Grammer

"Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb"
travel to London to return the tablet of Ahkmenrah, an Egyptian artifact which causes the exhibits to come to life, before the magic disappears. Principal photography of ""Secret of the Tomb"" took place from January to May 2014 in London, England and British Columbia, Canada. The film premiered on December 11, 2014, at New York City's Ziegfeld Theater and was released in the United States on December 19, 2014. ""Secret of the Tomb"" grossed over $363 million at the box office. This film was dedicated to the memory of Robin Williams, who died four months before the film's release, and

"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian"
someone's not even already working on a script for that,"" he added with a raised eyebrow. ""I cannot confirm that for a fact, but I cannot deny it for a fact either... It might be in the works."" In an interview, Stiller confirmed the sequel, however, he said that it was only in the ""ideas stage"". It was announced in February 2013 that the film, directed by Shawn Levy, would be released on December 25, 2014. On September 10, 2013, it was announced that shooting would start in February 2014. On November 8, 2013, English actor Dan Stevens was cast

"Night at the Museum"
The building featured in the film, which was constructed on a sound stage in Burnaby, British Columbia, is based on the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, external shots of which were used in the movie. Trainers spent several weeks training Crystal, who plays the troublemaking monkey Dexter, to slap and bite Stiller in the film. Robin Williams' Theodore Roosevelt costume closely resembles that of John Wayne's character in ""The Shootist"". Director Shawn Levy credited Ben Stiller for the ensemble cast: ""When actors hear that Ben Stiller is in a movie they want to work with him.

would be titled ""Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb"". In May 2014, principal photography ended. Shooting took place outside the British Museum in London, England, as well as on a sound stage at the Vancouver Film Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia for scenes taking place inside the museum. Alan Silvestri returned to score the final installment of the trilogy. Varèse Sarabande released a soundtrack album of the score on January 6, 2015. The film premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 11, 2014. It was then released on December 19, 2014 in the United

the role of Nicky Daley. On December 18, 2013, it was announced that Stiller, Robin Williams, and Ricky Gervais would be returning for the sequel. On January 9, 2014, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would play a security guard in the British Museum. On January 14, 2014, the film's release date was moved up from December 25, 2014, to December 19, 2014. On January 23, 2014, it was announced Ben Kingsley would play an Egyptian Pharaoh at the British Museum. Principal photography and production began on January 27, 2014. On May 6, 2014, it was announced that the film

as Sir Lancelot. On November 15, 2013, it was announced Skyler Gisondo would be replacing Jake Cherry for the role of Nicky Daley. On December 18, 2013 it was announced that Robin Williams, Stiller, and Ricky Gervais would be returning for the sequel. On January 9, 2014, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would play a security guard in the British Museum. On January 14, 2014, the film's release date was moved up from December 25, 2014, to December 19, 2014. On January 23, 2014, it was announced Ben Kingsley would play an Egyptian Pharaoh at the British Museum. Principal

but I cannot deny it for a fact either... It might be in the works."" In an October 2011 interview with ""The Hollywood Reporter"", Stiller confirmed the sequel, however, he said that it was only in the ""ideas stage"". In February 2013 it was announced that the film, directed by Shawn Levy, would be released on December 25, 2014. On September 10, 2013, it was announced that shooting would start in February 2014. On November 8, 2013, actor Dan Stevens was cast as Lancelot. On November 15, 2013, it was announced that Skyler Gisondo would be replacing Jake Cherry in

photography and production began on January 27, 2014. In May 2014, principal photography ended. Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian is a 2009 American adventure fantasy comedy film written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon, produced by Chris Columbus, Michael Barnathan and Shawn Levy and directed by Levy. The film stars Ben Stiller, Amy Adams, Owen Wilson, Steve Coogan, Hank Azaria, Bill Hader, Christopher Guest, Alain Chabat, Jon Bernthal, and Robin Williams. It is the second installment in the ""Night at the Museum"" trilogy, and a sequel to the

Night at the Museum Night at the Museum is a 2006 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Shawn Levy and written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon, based on the 1993 children's book of the same name by Croatian illustrator Milan Trenc. The film stars Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a divorced father who applies for a job as a night watchman at New York City's American Museum of Natural History and subsequently discovers that the exhibits, animated by a magical Egyptian artifact, come to life at night. It was released on December 22, 2006 by 20th Century Fox. The

as director. The film was mostly filmed in Vancouver and Montreal with some scenes filmed in the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.. A scene was shot at the Lincoln Memorial on the night of May 21, 2008. Scenes were also shot at the American Museum of Natural History in New York on August 18 and 20, 2008. The trailer was released with ""Bedtime Stories"", ""Yes Man"" and ""Marley & Me"" in December 2008. The trailer accompanied the film ""Bride Wars"" in January, ""The Pink Panther 2"" in February, and ""Dragonball Evolution"" in April 2009. The film was also promoted as an

"Executive Residence"
oval-shaped Drawing Room (now the Blue Room) in the center of the south part of the executive mansion. Since its inception, the Blue Room has remained the centerpiece of the Executive Residence, serving as the formal reception space for heads of state, ambassadors, and other important people. Since its creation in 1801, it has been redecorated more times (18) than any other room in the White House. Originally, a door in the center of the western wall led to the Yellow Room. A fireplace was set in the eastern wall opposite the door. Originally, niches to either side of the

"Yellow Oval Room"
Yellow Oval Room The Yellow Oval Room is an oval room located on the south side of the second floor in the White House, the official residence of the President of the United States. First used as a drawing room in the John Adams administration, it has been used as a library, office, and family parlor. Today the Yellow Oval Room is used for small receptions and for greeting heads of states immediately before a State Dinner. The room is entered from the Center Hall on the north side of the room. Three large windows on the south side of

"Blue Room (White House)"
Adams, the Blue Room served as the south entrance hall, though it has always functioned as the principal reception room of the White House. During the administration of James Madison, architect Benjamin Latrobe designed a suite of classical-revival furniture for the room, but the furnishings were destroyed in the fire of 1814 (see War of 1812). When the White House was rebuilt, President James Monroe redecorated the room in the French Empire style. Martin Van Buren had the room carpeted and wallpapered in blue in 1837, and it has remained the tradition ever since, although many administrations have made changes

"White House"
renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions. Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing. President William Howard Taft enlisted the help of architect Nathan C. Wyeth to add additional space to the West Wing, which included the addition of the Oval Office. In 1925, Congress enacted legislation allowing the White House to accept

"East Wing"
as an entrance for guests during large social gatherings, when it was necessary to accommodate many cars and carriages—as well as many cloaks and hats. Its primary feature was the long cloak room with spots for coats and hats of the ladies and gentlemen. The East Wing as it exists today was added to the White House in 1942 primarily to cover the construction of an underground bunker, now known as the Presidential Emergency Operations Center (PEOC). Around the same time, Theodore Roosevelt's coatroom became the movie theater. Later, offices for correspondence, calligraphers and the social secretary were placed in

"White House Press Secretary"
duties. Reporters working in the White House did, however, honor an unspoken rule and refrain from asking the president himself a question if he happened to walk through their working area. The long-term presence of the White House Press Corps in the White House was cemented by Theodore Roosevelt, who asked that planners include permanent space for the press corps in the executive office building now called the West Wing, which he had ordered built in the early 1900s. It is the West Wing that ultimately housed the Office of the Press Secretary and the now-famous James S. Brady press

East Room in his 1792 plans for the White House, it was unclear what purpose the room should fulfill. The room's floor was finished after President John Adams moved in, but the walls remained bare brick and First Lady Abigail Adams famously hung her laundry to dry in it. Thomas Jefferson furnished the room with some chairs during his administration, and had the room partitioned (using canvas and sailcloth for walls) and the southern end used for a bedroom and office for Meriwether Lewis and Lewis Harvie (both Private Secretary to the President). But it wasn't until 1807 that architect

within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946,

Tonsillectomy
long run, especially when performed at a young age. Tonsillectomies have been practiced for over 2,000 years, with varying popularity over the centuries. The procedure is claimed in some books as ""Hindu medicine"" about 1000 BCE (non-evidence based literature). Others refer to it as cleaning of tonsil using the nail of the index finger. Roughly a millennium later the Roman aristocrat Aulus Cornelius Celsus (25 BCE – 50 CE) described a procedure whereby using the finger (or a blunt hook if necessary), the tonsil was separated from the neighboring tissue before being cut out. Galen (121–200 CE) was the first

"Ear print analysis"
Ear print analysis Ear print analysis is used as a means of forensic identification intended as an identification tool similar to fingerprinting. An earprint is a two-dimensional reproduction of the parts of the outer ear that have touched a specific surface (most commonly the helix, antihelix, tragus and antitragus). The first ear print identification of a criminal was made in Switzerland in 1965 and ear print analysis has also been successfully used to solve crimes in the UK and the Netherlands. In addition to identification, the height of an ear imprint at a crime scene may also provide investigators with

the ridge structure of the skin covering the fingers and palms. In 1685, the Dutch physician Govard Bidloo (1649–1713) published a book on anatomy which also illustrated the ridge structure of the fingers. A century later, in 1788, the German anatomist Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer (1747–1801) recognized that fingerprints are unique to each individual. Jan Evangelista Purkyně or Purkinje (1787–1869), a Czech physiologist and professor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, published a thesis in 1823 discussing 9 fingerprint patterns, but he did not mention any possibility of using fingerprints to identify people. In 1840, following the murder of

Xylotomy
there to one particular lumberyard. Koehler searched for eighteen months for the yard, and presented his evidence dramatically in court by presenting the court with a chalk rubbing of the samples, which he made there and then, demonstrating that they were identical. He also matched other pieces of the ladder to a chisel used to create the joists, missing from the defendant's tool chest, and to a missing plank from the suspect's attic floor. It may also be useful in forestry studies. Identifying the species of a piece of wood is not always easy, in which case a xylotheque may

"Forensic anthropology"
Bertillon. The study of this information helped shape anthropologists' understanding of the human skeleton and the multiple skeletal differences that can occur. Another prominent early anthropologist, Thomas Wingate Todd, was primarily responsible for the creation of the first large collection of human skeletons in 1912. In total, Todd acquired 3,300 human skulls and skeletons, 600 anthropoid skulls and skeletons, and 3,000 mammalian skulls and skeletons. Todd's contributions to the field of anthropology remain in use in the modern era and include various studies regarding suture closures on the skull and timing of teeth eruption in the mandible. Todd also developed

Footprint
size of the footprints. Foot prints have been shown to have determine the height and the sex of the individual. Friction ridge skin present on the soles of the feet and toes (plantar surfaces) is as unique in its ridge detail as are the fingers and palms (palmar surfaces). When recovered at crime scenes or on items of evidence, sole and toe impressions can be used in the same manner as finger and palm prints to effect identifications. Footprint (toe and sole friction ridge skin) evidence has been admitted in courts in the United States since 1934. The footprints of

"Super Bowl XLVII"
Super Bowl XLVII Super Bowl XLVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2012 season. The Ravens defeated the 49ers by the score of 34–31, handing the 49ers their first Super Bowl loss in franchise history. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2013 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. This was the tenth Super Bowl to be played in New Orleans, equaling Miami's record of ten in an individual city.

of the game. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XLVII, The Football Database Super Bowl XLVII Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted Source: Super Bowl XLVII Super Bowl XLVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2012 season. The Ravens defeated the 49ers by the score of 34–31, handing the 49ers their first Super Bowl loss in franchise history. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2013 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans,

"Super Bowl XXIV"
Super Bowl XXIV Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1989 season. The game was played on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 49ers defeated the Broncos by the score of 55–10, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl, and tying the Pittsburgh Steelers with four Super Bowl victories. San Francisco also became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls with two different head

"San Francisco 49ers"
veteran kicker Phil Dawson. The 49ers would also trade a sixth round draft pick for wide receiver Anquan Boldin from the Baltimore Ravens, the team that had beaten them in the Super Bowl. The 49ers finished 12–4 in the 2013 regular season and enter the playoffs as a wildcard, with their first game at Lambeau Field against the Green Bay Packers. On January 5, 2014, San Francisco 49ers defeated Green Bay Packers 23–20. On January 12, 2014, the 49ers defeated the Carolina Panthers 23–10, thus advancing to their third straight NFC championship game. However, the 49ers' season ended at CenturyLink

time, and the 49ers became the quickest team in NFL history to clinch their division at the time. Rice returned for one and a half quarters in week 16 against the Denver Broncos, before getting another injury to his knee (unrelated to the first one). In the playoffs the 49ers defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38–22, advancing to the for the first time since 1994, where they again met the Green Bay Packers at Candlestick Park, but lost 23–10. During that season Eddie DeBartolo Jr. was involved in a corruption investigation regarding Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards and one of his Mississippi

drought. The 49ers finished the season with a 13–3 record, earning the second overall seed in the NFC Playoffs. In the Divisional Playoffs they defeated the New Orleans Saints 36–32 after a touchdown pass from Alex Smith to Vernon Davis in the closing seconds of the game. The team reached the NFC championship for the first time since 1997, and faced the New York Giants. They lost to the Giants with a 20–17 score in overtime after two critical fumbles by backup return man Kyle Williams, ending their 2011 season with disappointment but great promise. In 2012, the 49ers were

6 touchdown passes, Steve Young was named the game's MVP. Their run of five Super Bowl wins in 14 seasons (1981–1994) solidified them as one of the all-time greatest NFL teams. The 49ers made the playoffs in 1995 and again in 1996, being eliminated by the Green Bay Packers both times in the Divisional Round. On January 17, 1997, George Seifert retired as 49ers head coach. On the same day as Seifert's retirement, the 49ers hired Cal head coach Steve Mariucci as his replacement. At the time, Mariucci only had one year of head-coaching experience at any level. The first

the Giants for an ineligible receiver, so the game was over. The next day, the NFL admitted that the referee had blown the call, that the 49ers had indeed committed pass interference, and that the down should have been replayed. A press conference was held and a reporter asked 49ers head coach Steve Mariucci about his thoughts on the NFL saying they blew the call, and he replied: ""Bummer."" It was the second-biggest comeback victory in NFL playoff history, with the 49ers winning 39–38. The 49ers lost the next week to the eventual Super Bowl champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in

"Super Bowl XVI"
Super Bowl XVI Super Bowl XVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Cincinnati Bengals to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1981 season. The 49ers defeated the Bengals by the score of 26–21 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 24, 1982, at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It marked the first time that a Super Bowl was held at a cold-weather city. The domed stadium saved the crowd at the

controversy began. Despite Smith leading the NFL in completion percentage (70%) and passer rating (104.1), Kaepernick was considered more dynamic with his scrambling ability and arm strength. Kaepernick eventually started the rest of the season, going 5–2. Kaepernick set the record for rushing yards for a quarterback in the playoffs with 181 rushing yds against the Green Bay Packers. The 49ers defeated the Packers and Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs and advanced to Super Bowl XLVII, but were denied their sixth Super Bowl win against the Baltimore Ravens, who were coached by John Harbaugh, 34–31. The top performers were: passing:

"Malinois dog"
Malinois dog The Malinois is a medium-to-large breed of dog, sometimes classified as a variety of the Belgian Shepherd dog rather than as a separate breed. The name ""Malinois"" is derived from Malines, the French name for the breed's Flemish city of origin, Mechelen. The breed is used as a working dog for tasks including detection of odors such as explosives, accelerants (for arson investigation), and narcotics; tracking humans for suspect apprehension in police work; and search and rescue missions. The U.S. Secret Service uses Belgian Malinois to guard the grounds of the White House. The Malinois is a medium-to-large

"Manny the Frenchie"
Facebook and more than 900,000 followers on Instagram. He has been used as a canine model for consumer Martha Stewart's PetSmart line and has been featured on Steve Harvey's television talk show. In 2016 Manny was awarded The CW's World Dog Award for Most Pawpular and Influential dog. Manny the Frenchie Manny the Frenchie (born February 7, 2011) is a French Bulldog from Chicago, Illinois, that achieved Internet celebrity via the posting of his photographs on various social media websites. He is currently the world's most followed and popular Bulldog on the Internet. Between his channels and the Manny and

"Mr. Winkle"
Mr. Winkle Mr. Winkle (born 1996) is the name of a very small dog of uncertain breed (possibly Pomeranian/Chihuahua) whose cute and comical appearance has made him a small marketing phenomenon and an international cult figure representing the beauty, charm and potential of homeless animals. He was rescued as a stray by his current owner, Lara Jo Regan, a magazine photographer, who has had numerous calendars, books and cards published featuring photos of Mr. Winkle in various settings, costumes and poses. Mr. Winkle has been the subject of many national and international newspaper and magazine articles, and has appeared on

"Potcake dog"
on the water and distant cries of feeding sea birds. They have been featured on television and in magazines, including ""Northeast Boating Magazine"". Potcake dog The potcake dog is a mixed-breed dog type found on several Caribbean islands. Its name comes from the congealed peas and rice mixture that local residents traditionally eat, as the rice that cakes to the bottom of the pot would go to the dogs. Although appearance varies, potcakes generally have smooth coats, cocked ears, and long faces. A group of potcakes is known as a parliament. Dogs on various Caribbean islands share a common ancestry;

"To Say Nothing of the Dog"
""Mr. C"" to America. It is only at this point that Ned learns the nature of the object he is to return: Tossie's pet cat, Princess Arjumand. (Cats are extinct in 2057 due to a feline distemper pandemic.) Ned and Verity continually attempt to fix the time travel incongruity. They must know the histories of the characters around them, and their descendants impact on future history, and also the mystery of Mr. C. Their interloping attempts to fix the known history of the people around them cause ripple effects forward and backward through history from Waterloo to World War II,

"Bichon Frise"
Bichon Frise A Bichon Frise ( or ; from , , meaning 'curly lap dog') is a small breed of dog of the bichon type. The Bichon Frise is a member of the Non-sporting Group of dog breeds in the United States, and a member of the Toy Dog Group in the United Kingdom. The French word comes from Middle French ('small dog'), a diminutive of Old French ('female dog', cognate with English ""bitch""), from Old English , and related to other Germanic words with the same meaning, including Old Norse , and German . Some speculate the origin of

Lake City. Mr. Winkle Mr. Winkle (born 1996) is the name of a very small dog of uncertain breed (possibly Pomeranian/Chihuahua) whose cute and comical appearance has made him a small marketing phenomenon and an international cult figure representing the beauty, charm and potential of homeless animals. He was rescued as a stray by his current owner, Lara Jo Regan, a magazine photographer, who has had numerous calendars, books and cards published featuring photos of Mr. Winkle in various settings, costumes and poses. Mr. Winkle has been the subject of many national and international newspaper and magazine articles, and has

"Tuna (dog)"
Tuna (dog) Tuna is a Chihuahua Dachshund crossbreed dog, best known as an internet celebrity, and an internet meme. He was abandoned by his original owner near San Diego, and was adopted at a farmer's market in Los Angeles by Courtney Dasher. After she created an Instagram page for him, a photo of him was featured on the company's website resulting in an increase in followers. Dasher has used Tuna's celebrity status to raise money for animal rescue groups as well as promoting the cause generally. A book of photographs of Tuna was released in 2015, entitled ""Tuna Melts My

The most common clinical signs are haemorrhages of the skin and mucus membranes. Mortality rates of 20% to 80% are reported. Bichon Frise A Bichon Frise ( or ; from , , meaning 'curly lap dog') is a small breed of dog of the bichon type. The Bichon Frise is a member of the Non-sporting Group of dog breeds in the United States, and a member of the Toy Dog Group in the United Kingdom. The French word comes from Middle French ('small dog'), a diminutive of Old French ('female dog', cognate with English ""bitch""), from Old English , and

"Rude Dog"
Marvel Productions. Rude Dog (voiced by Rob Paulsen in a Brooklyn accent) runs an auto shop, where he is assisted by the Dweebs, a motley mix of mutt minions. The team includes the stuttering Dachshund Caboose (voiced by Frank Welker), the uptight Bulldog Winston (voiced by Peter Cullen in an English accent), Reginald AKA Reggie the Smooth Fox Terrier (voiced by Mendi Segal impersonating Jack Nicholson), Barney the Great Dane (voiced by Dave Coulier in a Southern accent), Ditzy Kibble the Chinese Crested mix (voiced by Ellen Gerstell), Satch the Beagle (voiced by Jim Cummings impersonating Ed Wynn), and a

where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Submucosa
Submucosa The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). The submucosa (""sub-"" + ""mucosa"") is to a mucous membrane what the subserosa (""sub-"" + ""serosa"") is to a serous membrane. Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves (all supplying the mucosa) will run through here. Tiny parasympathetic ganglia are scattered around forming

"Mucous membrane"
and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated. The mucosa of organs are composed of one or more layers of epithelial cells that secrete mucus, and an underlying lamina propria of loose connective tissue. The type of cells and type of mucus secreted vary from organ to organ and each can differ along a given tract. Mucous membranes line the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts and are the primary barrier between the external world and the interior of the body; in an adult human the total surface area of the mucosa is about 400 square meters while the surface area

"Nasal mucosa"
Nasal mucosa The nasal mucosa, or respiratory mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavities, and is intimately adherent to the periosteum or perichondrium of the nasal conchae. It is continuous with the skin through the nostrils, and with the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx through the choanae. From the nasal cavity its continuity with the conjunctiva may be traced, through the nasolacrimal and lacrimal ducts; and with the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses, through the several openings in the meatuses. The mucous membrane is thickest, and most vascular, over the nasal conchae. It

"Gastric mucosa"
the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium. This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. An important iodine concentration by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is present in mucinous cells

Mucositis
Mucositis Mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment. Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis affects almost all patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 80% of patients with malignancies of the head and neck receiving radiotherapy, and a wide range of patients

"Muscularis mucosae"
Muscularis mucosae The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosae) is a thin layer (lamina) of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria and separating it from the submucosa. It is present in a continuous fashion from the esophagus to the upper rectum (the exact nomenclature of the rectum’s muscle layers is still being debated). A discontinuous muscularis mucosae–like muscle layer is present in the urinary tract, from the renal pelvis to the bladder; as it is discontinuous, it should not be regarded as a true muscularis mucosae. In the gastrointestinal tract, the term ""mucosa"" or ""mucous membrane""

meatuses are considerably narrowed. the mucous membrane is affected during the common cold virus as well as in the flu. Nasal mucosa The nasal mucosa, or respiratory mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavities, and is intimately adherent to the periosteum or perichondrium of the nasal conchae. It is continuous with the skin through the nostrils, and with the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx through the choanae. From the nasal cavity its continuity with the conjunctiva may be traced, through the nasolacrimal and lacrimal ducts; and with the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses,

produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in throughout the gastric mucosa. The pyloric glands contain gastrin-producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs), found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of

Mucositis
Soligenix, Inc. Mucositis Mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment. Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis affects almost all patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 80% of patients with malignancies of the head and neck receiving radiotherapy, and a wide range

of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach. Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the

"International Monetary Fund"
International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of ""189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world."" Formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and

global growth and economic stability by providing policy, advice and financing the members, by working with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. The rationale for this is that private international capital markets function imperfectly and many countries have limited access to financial markets. Such market imperfections, together with balance-of-payments financing, provide the justification for official financing, without which many countries could only correct large external payment imbalances through measures with adverse economic consequences. The IMF provides alternate sources of financing. Upon the founding of the IMF, its three primary functions were: to oversee the fixed

Credit Facility (RCF). Nonconcessional loans, which include interest rates, are provided mainly through Stand-By Arrangements (SBA), the Flexible Credit Line (FCL), the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL), and the Extended Fund Facility. The IMF provides emergency assistance via the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) to members facing urgent balance-of-payments needs. The IMF is mandated to oversee the international monetary and financial system and monitor the economic and financial policies of its member countries. This activity is known as surveillance and facilitates international co-operation. Since the demise of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates in the early 1970s, surveillance has

international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. , the fund had SDR477 billion (about $666 billion). Through the fund, and other activities such as the gathering of statistics and analysis, surveillance of its members' economies and the demand for particular policies, the IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries. The organisation's objectives stated in the Articles of Agreement are: to promote international monetary co-operation, international trade, high employment, exchange-rate stability, sustainable economic growth, and making resources available to member countries

every eight years. The IMF is led by a managing director, who is head of the staff and serves as Chairman of the Executive Board. The managing director is assisted by a First Deputy managing director and three other Deputy Managing Directors. Historically the IMF's managing director has been European and the president of the World Bank has been from the United States. However, this standard is increasingly being questioned and competition for these two posts may soon open up to include other qualified candidates from any part of the world. In 2011 the world's largest developing countries, the BRIC

income lines: certain countries provide the financial resources while others use these resources. Both developed country ""creditors"" and developing country ""borrowers"" are members of the IMF. The developed countries provide the financial resources but rarely enter into IMF loan agreements; they are the creditors. Conversely, the developing countries use the lending services but contribute little to the pool of money available to lend because their quotas are smaller; they are the borrowers. Thus, tension is created around governance issues because these two groups, creditors and borrowers, have fundamentally different interests. The criticism is that the system of voting power distribution

capital outflows. Rather than maintaining a position of oversight of only exchange rates, their function became one of surveillance of the overall macroeconomic performance of member countries. Their role became a lot more active because the IMF now manages economic policy rather than just exchange rates. In addition, the IMF negotiates conditions on lending and loans under their policy of conditionality, which was established in the 1950s. Low-income countries can borrow on concessional terms, which means there is a period of time with no interest rates, through the Extended Credit Facility (ECF), the Standby Credit Facility (SCF) and the Rapid

subscription, plus any of their own-currency subscriptions that are loaned out by the IMF, plus all of the reserve assets that they provide the IMF. The IMF was originally laid out as a part of the Bretton Woods system exchange agreement in 1944. During the Great Depression, countries sharply raised barriers to trade in an attempt to improve their failing economies. This led to the devaluation of national currencies and a decline in world trade. This breakdown in international monetary co-operation created a need for oversight. The representatives of 45 governments met at the Bretton Woods Conference in the Mount

Financial Committee and the Development Committee. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has 24 members and monitors developments in global liquidity and the transfer of resources to developing countries. The Development Committee has 25 members and advises on critical development issues and on financial resources required to promote economic development in developing countries. They also advise on trade and environmental issues. The Board of Governors reports directly to the Managing Director of the IMF, Christine Lagarde. 24 Executive Directors make up the Executive Board. The Executive Directors represent all 189 member countries in a geographically based roster. Countries with large

"Global financial system"
institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Collectively referred to as the Bretton Woods institutions, they became operational in 1947 and 1946 respectively. The IMF was established to support the monetary system by facilitating cooperation on international monetary issues, providing advisory and technical assistance to members, and offering emergency lending to nations experiencing repeated difficulties restoring the balance of payments equilibrium. Members would contribute funds to a pool according to their share of gross world product, from which emergency loans could be issued. Member states were authorized and encouraged to employ capital

"John 7"
original text; but is very properly supplied, as it is in the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Persic versions. The Arabic version renders it, ""for the Holy Ghost was not yet come"". Some portion of Jesus' audience, on hearing His words, said ""this is certainly the Prophet"" (). In the Textus Receptus and English translations drawn from it, the number described as recognizing Jesus as the Prophet is , ""many"", but Ellicott advises that ""the reading of the best manuscripts is, ""some of the people therefore, when they heard these sayings ..."""" The reference is to the prophet foretold by Moses

"John 7"
woman, a Syro-Phoenician by birth"" (). The evangelist leaves this section with a question which remains unanswered: Peter asks the same question of Jesus when He has privately told His disciples that He is leaving them, and ""where [He is] going, [they] cannot come"". Peter is told ""you cannot follow Me now, but you shall follow Me afterwards” (). The Book of Leviticus prescribed that the Feast of Tabernacles should last for seven days, and that on the eighth day: On this sacred day, Jesus stood (presumably at the Temple) and cried out: Meyer explains that ""there is no exactly

"John 7"
them. But Jesus then refers to the healing at the Temple on the Sabbath day of a man who had had an infirmity for thirty-eight years (), on account of which the Jews wanted to kill Jesus (): The responses to Jesus' teaching identified in this section are: The debate or ""murmurings"" about whether Jesus could be the Messiah came to the attention of the Pharisees, and they and the Chief Priests ""sent officers in order to take him into custody"".(). Then Jesus said “I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who

"John 7"
God's will know the authority of His teaching (John 7:17). In a discussion which demonstrates this point to the learned Jews, Jesus then refers to the Mosaic law, and to the law and tradition of the patriarchs. The law of circumcision prescribed by Moses () originated with God's covenant with Abraham and required every male child to be circumcised on his eighth day. If this day was a Sabbath, the obligation to circumcise that day overrode the obligation to rest on the Sabbath (). Jews familiar with both laws would also have been familiar with the rule of precedence between

"John 7"
Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer regards the Jews' supposition as ""an insolent and scornful supposition, which they themselves, however, do not deem probable (therefore the question is asked with , ""not"")"" Non-conformist theologian Philip Doddridge described it as ""a sarcasm"" and the International Standard Version offers the translation as: However, it is not an unreasonable supposition, as the mission to the Jewish diaspora formed ""the very mode of proceeding afterwards adopted by the Apostles"" and the synoptic gospels represent Jesus as having visited ""the region of Tyre and Sidon"" to teach, and as having healed there ""the daughter of a Greek

"Matthew 7"
floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock.<br> And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:<br> And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it.<br> And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine:<br> For he taught them as [one]

"John 7"
John 7 John 7 is the seventh chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It recounts Jesus' visit to Jerusalem for the feast of Tabernacles, the possibility of his arrest and debate as to whether he is the Messiah. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges describes this chapter as ""very important for the estimate of the fourth Gospel. In it the scene of the Messianic crisis shifts from Galilee to Jerusalem; and, as we

"John 7"
Sanhedrin advises Nicodemus that he should study the scriptures further: At this point, the division of the text into chapters (attributed to Stephen Langton) brings chapter 7 to its close, with the words ""Then they all went home"". Chapter 8 opens with the words ""[b]ut Jesus went to the Mount of Olives"". Young's Literal Translation and the Jerusalem Bible both unite these phrases as a single sentence. Bengel argues for Jesus' visit to the Mount of Olives to be treated as part of chapter 7. The Pulpit Commentary queries whether the departure home refers only to the breaking up of

"John 5"
shows Him his ways; and the Son gives life in the way that the Father raises the dead. But the Father has delegated the exercise of judgment to the Son: all should honour the Son as they would honour the Father, and anyone who does not honour the Son does not honour the Father who sent Him. () Two sayings then follow each commencing with a double ""amen"" (, translated ""Verily, verily"" in the King James Version, ""Truly, truly"" in the English Standard Version, or ""Very truly I tell you"" in the New International Version): Reformed Evangelical theologian D. A.

"John 7"
to our September. The interval, then, from Passover to Tabernacles is one of about five months. Jesus says that it is ""their time"" to go to Jerusalem, but ""his time"" () has not yet come. Jesus does then go to Jerusalem for the feast. The evangelist unfolds his attendance in three steps: Anglican bishop Charles Ellicott supposes that the main party travelling from Galilee to Jerusalem would have taken the route to the east of the River Jordan, and that Jesus took the alternative route through Samaria, as he had done when he travelled back from Jerusalem to Galilee in

"Saskatchewan River"
Saskatchewan River The Saskatchewan River (Cree: ""kisiskāciwani-sīpiy"", ""swift flowing river"") is a major river in Canada, about long, flowing roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg. Through its tributaries the North Saskatchewan and South Saskatchewan, its watershed encompasses much of the prairie regions of central Canada, stretching westward to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and northwestern Montana in the United States. It reaches to its farthest headwaters on the Bow River, a tributary of the South Saskatchewan in Alberta. It is formed in central Saskatchewan, approximately east of Prince Albert, by the confluence of its two

"North Saskatchewan River"
About downstream of Prince Albert, the North Saskatchewan River joins the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan River Forks to become the Saskatchewan River. From there, the river flows east to Tobin Lake and into Manitoba, eventually emptying into Lake Winnipeg. The river course can be divided into five distinct sections. The first, the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, is the smallest area geographically, although the largest in terms of run-off and contributed water flow. The glaciers and perpetual snows of the mountain peaks feed the river year-round. Mountains, with little vegetation, experience fast-melting snow cover. The second section of

which implies incorrectly that it flows past Regina, Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan River The Saskatchewan River (Cree: ""kisiskāciwani-sīpiy"", ""swift flowing river"") is a major river in Canada, about long, flowing roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg. Through its tributaries the North Saskatchewan and South Saskatchewan, its watershed encompasses much of the prairie regions of central Canada, stretching westward to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and northwestern Montana in the United States. It reaches to its farthest headwaters on the Bow River, a tributary of the South Saskatchewan in Alberta. It is formed in central Saskatchewan, approximately east

the northern edge of the marshes it flows east, twisting between a series of small lakes into west-central Manitoba to The Pas, where it is joined from the southwest by the Carrot River. Southeast of The Pas, it forms several streams in a delta on the northwest side of Cedar Lake, then exiting the lake on its southeast end and flowing approximately to Lake Winnipeg, entering on the northwest shore north of Long Point. The waters of Lake Winnipeg eventually drain into Hudson Bay, via the Nelson River. The river, like the province of Saskatchewan, takes its name from the

North Saskatchewan River The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with another major river to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows eventually into the Hudson Bay. The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan. The North Saskatchewan River has a length of , and a drainage area of . At its end point at Saskatchewan River Forks it has a mean discharge of

. The yearly discharge at the Alberta–Saskatchewan border is more than . The river begins above at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield, and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway. At the junction of the David Thompson Highway (Highway 11), it initially turns northeast for before switching to a more direct eastern flow for about . At this point, it turns north where it eventually arrives at Abraham Lake. Bighorn Dam constricts the north end of Abraham Lake, where the North Saskatchewan emerges to track eastward to Rocky Mountain House. At Rocky

major branches, the North Saskatchewan and the South Saskatchewan, at the Saskatchewan River Forks. Both source rivers originate from glaciers in the Alberta Rockies. The St. Mary River, draining the Hudson Bay Divide region of Glacier National Park, also empties into the Saskatchewan River via the south fork. The combined stream flows east-northeast, into Codette Lake formed by the Francois Finlay Dam at Nipawin then into Tobin Lake, formed by the E.B. Campbell Dam. It then flows northeast, passing through a region of marshes, where it is joined from the northwest by the Torch River and the Mossy River. At

the river comprises the foothills region. The terrain is hilly and rough, with a deeper and more defined valley. This area is well covered with forest and muskeg, and run-off into the river is much more constant and stable than in the mountains. From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River, the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains-parkland divide, with occasional stretches of prairie. The North Saskatchewan River valley parks system; the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada. Cutting across Edmonton and the Capital Region. The river runs in a well-defined valley with deep cuts in the landscape.The

"South Saskatchewan River"
many permanent sandbars had formed due to the lowering of the level of the river. From the headwaters of the Bow River, the South Saskatchewan flows for . At its mouth at Saskatchewan River Forks, it has an average discharge of and has a watershed of , 1,800 of which are in Montana in the United States and in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The river originates at the confluence of the Bow and Oldman Rivers near Grassy Lake, Alberta. The waters of these two rivers, in turn, originate from winter snowpack and rainfall in the Rocky Mountains near the British Columbia

"Little Saskatchewan River"
Little Saskatchewan River The Little Saskatchewan River is a river in western Manitoba. It originates in Riding Mountain National Park at Lake Audy and flows about south through the communities of Minnedosa and Rapid City. Its approximate length is 185 km. It joins the Assiniboine River about west of Brandon. The watershed has an area of . The watershed includes numerous lakes and three man made reservoirs (Minnedosa Lake, Rapid City Reservoir and Lake Wahtopanah. In 1911 the Geographic Board of Canada adopted the name Minnedosa River but restored the original name in 1978. Some early settlers to the area

Finch (nicknamed Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jeremy (nicknamed Jem), and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified yet fascinated by their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur ""Boo"" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and few of them have seen him for many years. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his

for with the use of first-person narration, she indicates that Scout/ Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child."" Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house to the extent that Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob

Caliban
Caliban Caliban ( ), son of the witch Sycorax, is an important character in William Shakespeare's play ""The Tempest"". His character is one of the few Shakespearean figures to take on a life of its own ""outside"" Shakespeare’s own work: as Russell Hoban put it, ""Caliban is one of the hungry ideas, he's always looking for someone to word him into being...Caliban is a necessary idea"". Half human, half monster, after his island becomes occupied by Prospero and his daughter Miranda, Caliban is forced into servitude. While he is referred to as a calvaluna or mooncalf, a freckled monster, he

Caliban
""Calibia"", an Arabic word for ""vile dog"", a Hindu ""Kalee-ban"" ""satyr of Kalee, the Hindoo Proserpine"", German ""Kabeljau"" (""codfish""), etc. Caliban Caliban ( ), son of the witch Sycorax, is an important character in William Shakespeare's play ""The Tempest"". His character is one of the few Shakespearean figures to take on a life of its own ""outside"" Shakespeare’s own work: as Russell Hoban put it, ""Caliban is one of the hungry ideas, he's always looking for someone to word him into being...Caliban is a necessary idea"". Half human, half monster, after his island becomes occupied by Prospero and his daughter

"To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
Atticus and Jem go to the Robinson family home to inform them of Tom's death. Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, appears and spits in Atticus' face while Jem waits in the car. Atticus wipes his face and leaves. Autumn arrives, and Scout and Jem attend a nighttime Halloween pageant at their school. Scout wears a large hard-shelled ham costume, portraying one of Maycomb county's products. At some point during the pageant, Scout's dress and shoes are misplaced. She is forced to walk home without shoes, wearing her ham costume. While cutting through the woods, Scout and Jem are attacked by an

"Caligula (film)"
Caesonia bears him a daughter, Julia Drusilla. During the celebration, Drusilla collapses with the same fever he suffered. Soon afterward, Caligula receives another ill omen in the form of a blackbird. Despite his praying to Isis out of desperation, Drusilla dies from her fever. Initially unable to accept her death, Caligula suffers a nervous breakdown and rampages through the palace, destroying a statue of Isis while clutching Drusilla's body. Now in a deep depression, Caligula walks the Roman streets disguised as a beggar; he causes a disturbance after watching an amateur performance mocking his relationship with Drusilla. After a brief

"Atticus Finch"
Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel ""Go Set a Watchman"", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy ""Jem"" Finch and Jean Louise ""Scout"" Finch. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial. ""Book Magazine""s list of ""The

Jean Louise ""Scout"" Finch (Mary Badham) and her brother Jeremy Atticus ""Jem"" Finch (Phillip Alford), live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early 1930s. The story covers three years, during which Scout and Jem undergo changes in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing games with each other and spying on Arthur ""Boo"" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for many years and about whom many rumors circulate. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a town lawyer and has strong beliefs that all people are to be treated fairly,

"Apu Nahasapeemapetilon"
that they can always get a divorce. Later, the two actually fall in love. In the episode ""Eight Misbehavin'"", Manjula receives too many doses of fertility drugs, leading to her giving birth to octuplets: Anoop, Uma, Nabendu, Poonam, Priya, Sandeep, Sashi, and Gheet. This causes difficulties for the family but finally they decide to get on with their life. During the episode ""Bart-Mangled Banner"", when the town changes its name to Libertyville to be patriotic after it is claimed Springfield hates America, Apu temporarily changes his children's names to Lincoln, Freedom, Condoleezza, Coke, Pepsi, Manifest Destiny, Apple Pie, and Superman.

"Religion in France"
various, non-republican regimes of the 19th century (the Restoration, the July Monarchy and the Second French Empire). Major religions practised in France include the Catholic Church, Islam, various branches of Protestantism, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Russian Orthodoxy, Armenian Christianity, and Sikhism amongst others, making it a multiconfessional country. Sunday mass attendance has fallen to 5% for the Catholics, and the overall level of observance is considerably lower than in the past. According to a Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2010, 27% of French citizens responded that they ""believe there is a God"", 27% answered that they ""believe there is some sort of

converts. The largest Oriental Orthodox church in France is the French Coptic Orthodox Church. Other Christian groups in France include the Jehovah's Witnesses, the Mormons, and other small sects. The European Court on Human Rights reckoned 249,918 ""regular and occasional"" Jehovah's Witnesses in France and according to their official website, there are 128,759 ministers who teach the Bible in the country. A 2016 survey held by Institut Montaigne and Ifop found that 6.6% of the French population had an Islamic background, while 5.6% declared they were Muslims by faith. According to the same survey, 84.9% of the French people who

spirit or life force"", and 40% answered that they ""do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force"". This makes France one of the most irreligious countries in the world. In 2017, the Pew Research Center found in their ""Global Attitutes Survey"" that 54.2% of the French regarded themselves as Christians, with 47.4% belonging to the Catholic Church, 3.6% were Unaffiliated Christians, 2.2% were Protestants, 1.0% were Eastern Orthodox. Unaffiliated people were the 37.8% divided in 24.8% Atheists, 8.2% nothing in particular and 4.8% Agnostics. Muslims were the 5.0%, Jews comprised the 0.4% and members of

other religions were the 1.4%. 1.1% was either undecided or didn't answer the question. In 2015 the Eurobarometer, a survey funded by the European Union, found that Christianity was the religion of 54.3% of the respondents, with Catholicism being the main denomination with 47.8%, followed by other Christians with 4.1%, Protestants with 1.8% and the Eastern Orthodox with 0.6%. Muslims were found to comprise the 3.3%, Jews were the 0.4% and members of other religions were the 1.0%. Unaffiliated people were the 40.4%, 22.8% declared to be atheist and 17.6% declared to be agnostic. In 2018, a study by the

3.1% in 2017, mainly due to recent conversions. Out of 100% of people that have become Protestants, 67% were Catholic and 27% were of no religion. In a study regarding the various religions of France, based on 51 surveys held by the Ifop in the period 2011-2014, so based on a sample of 51.770 interviewed, there were 17.4% of Protestants in the Bas-Rhin, 7.3% in the Haut-Rhin, 7.2% in the Gard, 6.8% in the Drôme and 4.2% in the Ardèche. In the other departments this presence is residual, with, for example, only 0.5% in Côte-d'Or and in the Côtes-d'Armor. The

generally respects this right in practice. A tradition of anticlericalism led the state to break its ties to the Catholic Church in 1905 and adopt a strong commitment to maintaining a totally secular public sector. Catholicism is the largest religion in France. During the pre-1789 ""Ancien Régime"", France was traditionally considered the Church's eldest daughter, and the King of France always maintained close links to the Pope. However, the ""Gallicanism"" principle meant that the king selected bishops. A strong Protestant population resided in France, primarily of Reformed confession. It was persecuted by the state for most of the time, with

influential Cluny Abbey. During the First French Empire (1804–1814), the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830) and the following July Monarchy (1830–1848), Roman Catholicism was made again the state religion, and maintained its role as the ""de facto"" majority religion during the Second French Republic (1848–1852) and the Second French Empire (1852–1870). ""Laïcité"" (secularism), absolute neutrality of the state with respect to religious doctrines, was first established during the Third French Republic (1870–1940), codified with the 1905 Law on the Separation of Church and State, and remains the official policy of the contemporary French republic. In a 2016 study sponsored by two Catholic

"Demographics of France"
Middle Ages. Church attendance is fairly low, however, and the proportion of the population that is not religious has grown over the past century. A 2004 IFOP survey tallied that 44% of the French people did not believe in God; contrasted to 20% in 1947. A study by the CSA Institute conducted in 2003 with a sample of 18,000 people found that 65.3% considered themselves Roman Catholic, while 27% considered themselves atheists, and 12.7% (8,065,000 people) belonged to a religion other than Catholicism. In the early 21st century there were an estimated 5 million Muslims in France, one million Protestants,

newspapers, the scholars Cleuziou and Cibois estimated that Catholics represented 53.8% of the French population. According to the same study, 23.5% were engaged Catholics and 17% were practising Catholics. The following year, in a survey focused on Protestantism, 57.5% of a sample of 31,155 people declared to be Catholic. According to a survey by Ifop, in 2012 770 people out of the 37,743 interviewed (or 2.1%) declared to be Protestants of various types. About 42% of them were Calvinists (Huguenots), 21% were evangelical Protestants, 17% were Lutherans and another 20% were affiliated with other Protestant churches. The percentage rose to

France declared they were Buddhists in 2016. In 2012, the European headquarters of the Fo Guang Shan monastic order opened in France, near Paris. It was the largest Buddhist temple in Europe at that time. According to a survey held by Institut français d'opinion publique (Ifop) for the Institut Montaigne think-tank, 51.1% of the total population of France was Christian in 2016. The following year, a survey by Ipsos focused on Protestants and based on 31,155 interviews found that 57.5% of the total population of France declared to be Catholic and 3.1% declared to be Protestant. In 2016, ""Ipsos Global

"Earth's orbit"
orbit. The orbital ellipse goes through each of the six Earth images, which are sequentially the perihelion (periapsis — nearest point to the Sun) on anywhere from January 2 to January 5, the point of March equinox on March 19, 20, or 21, the point of June solstice on June 20, 21, or 22, the aphelion (apoapsis — farthest point from the Sun) on anywhere from July 3 to July 5, the September equinox on September 22, 23, or 24, and the December solstice on December 21, 22, or 23. The diagram shows an exaggerated shape of Earth's orbit; the

"Orbital plane (astronomy)"
Orbital plane (astronomy) The orbital plane of a revolving body is the geometric plane on which its orbit lies. A common example would be the centers of a massive body, of an orbiting body, and of the orbiting object at another time. The orbital plane is defined in relation to a reference plane by two parameters: inclination (""i"") and longitude of the ascending node (Ω). Three non-collinear points in space suffice to determine the orbital plane. By definition, the reference plane for the Solar System is usually considered to be Earth's orbital plane. This defines the ecliptic, the circular path

is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere. The Hill sphere (gravitational sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1,500,000 kilometers (0.01 AU) in radius, or approximately 4 times the average distance to the moon. This is the maximal distance at which the Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets. Objects orbiting the Earth must be within this radius, otherwise they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth's elliptical

actual orbit is less eccentric than pictured. Because of the axial tilt of the Earth in its orbit, the maximal intensity of Sun rays hits the Earth 23.4 degrees north of equator at the June Solstice (at the Tropic of Cancer), and 23.4 degrees south of equator at the December Solstice (at the Tropic of Capricorn). Mathematicians and astronomers (such as Laplace, Lagrange, Gauss, Poincaré, Kolmogorov, Vladimir Arnold, and Jürgen Moser) have searched for evidence for the stability of the planetary motions, and this quest led to many mathematical developments and several successive ""proofs"" of stability for the Solar System.

In the northern hemisphere winter solstice occurs on or about December 21; summer solstice is near June 21; spring equinox is around March 20; and autumnal equinox is about September 23. The effect of the Earth's axial tilt in the southern hemisphere is the opposite of that in the northern hemisphere, thus the seasons of the solstices and equinoxes in the southern hemisphere are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere (e.g. the northern summer solstice is at the same time as the southern winter solstice). In modern times, Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3, and the aphelion around

"Plane of reference"
the prime hour circle (the hour circle occupied by the First Point of Aries), also known as the equinox. Plane of reference In celestial mechanics, the plane of reference (or reference plane) is the plane used to define orbital elements (positions). The two main orbital elements that are measured with respect to the plane of reference are the inclination and the longitude of the ascending node. Depending on the type of body being described, there are four different kinds of reference planes that are typically used: On the plane of reference, a zero-point must be defined from which the angles

"Orbital inclination"
latitude and 20° south latitude, then its orbital inclination would be 20°. The inclination is one of the six orbital elements describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit. It is the angle between the orbital plane and the plane of reference, normally stated in degrees. For a satellite orbiting a planet, the plane of reference is usually the plane containing the planet's equator. For planets in the Solar System, the plane of reference is usually the ecliptic, the plane in which the Earth orbits the Sun. This reference plane is most practical for Earth-based observers. Therefore, Earth's inclination

"Celestial coordinate system"
nutation. The fundamental plane is the plane of the Earth's orbit, called the ecliptic plane. There are two principal variants of the ecliptic coordinate system: geocentric ecliptic coordinates centered on the Earth and heliocentric ecliptic coordinates centered on the center of mass of the solar system. The geocentric ecliptic system was the principal coordinate system for ancient astronomy and is still useful for computing the apparent motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets. The heliocentric ecliptic system describes the planets' orbital movement around the Sun, and centers on the barycenter of the solar system (i.e. very close to the center

presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century. This ""Copernican revolution"" resolved the issue of planetary retrograde motion by arguing that such motion was only perceived and apparent. ""Although Copernicus's groundbreaking book...had been [printed] over a century earlier, [the Dutch mapmaker] Joan Blaeu was the first mapmaker to incorporate his revolutionary heliocentric theory into a map of the world."" Because of Earth's axial tilt (often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic), the inclination of the Sun's trajectory in the sky (as seen by an observer on Earth's surface) varies over the course of the year. For an observer at

Orbit
an ellipse. A circular orbit is a special case, wherein the foci of the ellipse coincide. The point where the orbiting body is closest to Earth is called the perigee, and is called the periapsis (less properly, ""perifocus"" or ""pericentron"") when the orbit is about a body other than Earth. The point where the satellite is farthest from Earth is called the apogee, apoapsis, or sometimes apifocus or apocentron. A line drawn from periapsis to apoapsis is the line-of-apsides. This is the major axis of the ellipse, the line through its longest part. Bodies following closed orbits repeat their paths

"Water cycle"
Water cycle The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration,

caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff and water emerging from the ground (groundwater) may be stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers, much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which can store freshwater for long periods of

sufficient for the maintenance of rivers was Bernard Palissy (1580 CE), who is often credited as the ""discoverer"" of the modern theory of the water cycle. Palissy's theories were not tested scientifically until 1674, in a study commonly attributed to Pierre Perrault. Even then, these beliefs were not accepted in mainstream science until the early nineteenth century. Water cycle The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the

altitude increases, air pressure decreases and the temperature drops (see Gas laws). The lower temperature causes water vapor to condense into tiny liquid water droplets which are heavier than the air, and fall unless supported by an updraft. A huge concentration of these droplets over a large space up in the atmosphere become visible as cloud. Some condensation is near ground level, and called fog. Atmospheric circulation moves water vapor around the globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the upper atmospheric layers as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow or hail, sleet, and can accumulate as ice

the works of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (460 BCE) and Diogenes of Apollonia (460 BCE). Both Plato (390 BCE) and Aristotle (350 BCE) speculated about percolation as part of the water cycle. Up to the time of the Renaissance, it was thought that precipitation alone was insufficient to feed rivers, for a complete water cycle, and that underground water pushing upwards from the oceans were the main contributors to river water. Bartholomew of England held this view (1240 CE), as did Leonardo da Vinci (1500 CE) and Athanasius Kircher (1644 CE). The first published thinker to assert that rainfall alone was

(, ). In the Biblical Book of Job, dated between 7th and 2nd centuries BCE, there is a description of precipitation in the hydrologic cycle, ""For he maketh small the drops of water: they pour down rain according to the vapour thereof; Which the clouds do drop and distil upon man abundantly"" (, KJV). In the Adityahridayam (a devotional hymn to the Sun God) of Ramayana, a Hindu epic dated to the 4th century BCE, it is mentioned in the 22nd verse that the Sun heats up water and sends it down as rain. By roughly 500 BCE, Greek scholars

time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as groundwater discharge. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and comes out as freshwater springs. In river valleys and floodplains, there is often continuous water exchange between surface water and ground water in the hyporheic zone. Over time, the water returns to the ocean, to continue the water cycle. The water cycle involves many of these processes. The ""residence time"" of a reservoir within the hydrologic cycle is the average time a water molecule will spend in that reservoir

(""see adjacent table""). It is a measure of the average age of the water in that reservoir. Groundwater can spend over 10,000 years beneath Earth's surface before leaving. Particularly old groundwater is called fossil water. Water stored in the soil remains there very briefly, because it is spread thinly across the Earth, and is readily lost by evaporation, transpiration, stream flow, or groundwater recharge. After evaporating, the residence time in the atmosphere is about 9 days before condensing and falling to the Earth as precipitation. The major ice sheets – Antarctica and Greenland – store ice for very long periods.

the greenhouse effect would lead to a much higher surface temperature of , and a warmer planet. Aquifer drawdown or overdrafting and the pumping of fossil water increases the total amount of water in the hydrosphere, and has been postulated to be a contributor to sea-level rise. While the water cycle is itself a biogeochemical cycle, flow of water over and beneath the Earth is a key component of the cycling of other biogeochemicals. Runoff is responsible for almost all of the transport of eroded sediment and phosphorus from land to waterbodies. The salinity of the oceans is derived from

surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid (ice) and vapor. The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. These heat exchanges influence climate. The evaporative phase of the cycle purifies water which then replenishes the land with freshwater. The flow of liquid water and ice transports minerals across the globe. It is also involved in reshaping the geological features of the Earth,

was held on 11 December 2017, 12:00 CET.<section end=R16 /> With five English teams in the round of 16, this was the first time five teams from one association qualified for the Champions League knockout phase. <section begin=R16 /> The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018. ""Juventus won 4–3 on aggregate."" ""Manchester City won 5–2 on aggregate."" ""Liverpool won 5–0 on aggregate."" ""Sevilla won 2–1 on aggregate."" ""Real Madrid won 5–2 on aggregate."" ""2–2 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.""

"2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase"
are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2019. <section begin=R16 /> The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second legs will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be

""Barcelona won 4–1 on aggregate."" ""Bayern Munich won 8–1 on aggregate."" <section begin=QF /> The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.<section end=QF /> <section begin=QF /> The first legs were played on 3 and 4 April, and the second legs were played on 10 and 11 April 2018. ""4–4 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals."" ""Bayern Munich won 2–1 on aggregate."" ""Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate."" ""Liverpool won 5–1 on aggregate."" <section begin=SF /> The draw for the semi-finals was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST.<section end=SF /> For the first

"2017–18 UEFA Europa League knockout phase"
won 4–2 on aggregate."" ""Marseille won 3–1 on aggregate."" <section begin=R16 /> The draw for the round of 16 was held on 23 February 2018, 13:00 CET.<section end=R16 /> <section begin=R16 /> The first legs were played on 8 March, and the second legs were played on 15 March 2018. ""Lazio won 4–2 on aggregate."" ""RB Leipzig won 3–2 on aggregate."" ""Atlético Madrid won 8–1 on aggregate."" ""3–3 on aggregate. CSKA Moscow won on away goals."" ""Marseille won 5–2 on aggregate."" ""Sporting CP won 3–2 on aggregate."" ""Red Bull Salzburg won 2–1 on aggregate."" ""Arsenal won 5–1 on aggregate."" <section

1899 Hoffenheim, Red Star Belgrade (1991 European champions) and Young Boys will make their debut appearances in the group stage (although Red Star Belgrade have appeared in the European Cup group stage). In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018 at 12:00 PM CET. The first leg matches will be played on 12, 13, 19, and 20 February, and the second leg matches will be played on 5, 6, 12, and 13 March 2019.

"2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase"
18 and 19 April 2017. <section begin=QF /> ""Atlético Madrid won 2–1 on aggregate."" ""Monaco won 6–3 on aggregate."" ""Real Madrid won 6–3 on aggregate."" ""Juventus won 3–0 on aggregate."" The draw was held on 21 April 2017. The first legs were played on 2 and 3 May, and the second legs were played on 9 and 10 May 2017. <section begin=SF /> ""Real Madrid won 4–2 on aggregate."" ""Juventus won 4–1 on aggregate."" The final was played on 3 June 2017 at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The ""home"" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw

2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and ended on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams competed in the knockout phase. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times are in parentheses). The schedule of the knockout phase was as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of

legs were played on 14, 15, 21 and 22 February, and the second legs were played on 7, 8, 14 and 15 March 2017. <section begin=Rof16 /> ""6–6 on aggregate. Monaco won on away goals."" ""Real Madrid won 6–2 on aggregate."" ""Borussia Dortmund won 4–1 on aggregate."" ""Bayern Munich won 10–2 on aggregate."" ""Juventus won 3–0 on aggregate."" ""Atlético Madrid won 4–2 on aggregate."" ""Barcelona won 6–5 on aggregate."" ""Leicester City won 3–2 on aggregate."" The draw was held on 17 March 2017. The first legs were played on 11 and 12 April, and the second legs were played on

"2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase"
the draws for each round is as follows: On 17 July 2014, the UEFA emergency panel ruled that Ukrainian and Russian clubs would not be drawn against each other ""until further notice"" due to the political unrest between the countries. The schedule is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). Matches may also be played on Tuesdays or Wednesdays instead of the regular Thursdays due to scheduling conflicts. The draw for the round of 32 was held on 17 December 2018, 13:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12 and 14 February,

with a land area of 54 314 square miles where does wisconsin rank among the 50 states

Wisconsin
Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin's geography is diverse, having been greatly

Wisconsin
and college town. Madison's suburb, Middleton, was ranked the ""Best Place to Live in America"" in 2007 by ""Money Magazine"". Medium-size cities dot the state and anchor a network of working farms surrounding them. As of 2011, there were 12 cities in Wisconsin with a population of 50,000 or more, accounting for 73% of the state's employment. Wisconsin has three types of municipality: cities, villages, and towns. Cities and villages are incorporated urban areas. Towns are unincorporated minor civil divisions of counties with limited self-government. Wisconsin, along with Minnesota and Michigan, was among the Midwestern leaders in the emergent American

Wisconsin
Minnesota to the northwest. A border dispute with Michigan was settled by two cases, both Wisconsin v. Michigan, in 1934 and 1935. The state's boundaries include the Mississippi River and St. Croix River in the west, and the Menominee River in the northeast. With its location between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, Wisconsin is home to a wide variety of geographical features. The state is divided into five distinct regions. In the north, the Lake Superior Lowland occupies a belt of land along Lake Superior. Just to the south, the Northern Highland has massive mixed hardwood and coniferous

Wisconsin
temperature ever recorded in Wisconsin was in the village of Couderay, where it reached −55 °F (−48 °C) on both February 2 and 4, 1996. Wisconsin also receives a large amount of regular snowfall averaging around in the southern portions with up to annually in the Lake Superior snowbelt each year. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Wisconsin was 5,771,337 on July 1, 2015, a 1.48% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The table below shows the racial composition of Wisconsin's population as of 2016. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 6.5% of Wisconsin's

Wisconsin
U.S. Forest Service in Wisconsin, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. Wisconsin has sister-state relationships with Germany's Hesse, Japan's Chiba Prefecture, Mexico's Jalisco, China's Heilongjiang, and Nicaragua. The pole of inaccessibility for Wisconsin, located approximately southwest of Wausau at , marks the location furthest from any point not within Wisconsin (). Most of Wisconsin is classified as warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen ""Dfb""), while southern and southwestern portions are classified as hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen ""Dfa""). The highest temperature ever recorded in the state was in the Wisconsin Dells, on July 13, 1936, where it reached 114 °F (46 °C). The lowest

Wisconsin
daily passenger rail service between Chicago and Milwaukee. It also provides cross-country service via the Empire Builder with station stops in several cities in Wisconsin. Over 68% of Wisconsin residents live in urban areas, with the Greater Milwaukee area home to roughly one-third of the state's population. With over 594,000 residents, Milwaukee is the 30th-largest city in the country. The string of cities along the western edge of Lake Michigan is generally considered to be an example of a megalopolis. With a population of around 233,000 and metropolitan area of over 600,000, Madison has a dual identity as state capital

Milwaukee
been depicted in scenes from feature films, including: Milwaukee Milwaukee (, ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The seat of the eponymous county, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States. The city's estimated population in 2017 was 595,351. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is also part of the larger Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,026,243 in the 2010

Wisconsin
Lutheran Conference, both have their headquarters in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Statewide FBI Crime statistics for 2009 include 144 murders/non-negligent manslaughter; 1,108 rapes; 4,850 robberies; 8,431 aggravated assaults; and 147,486 property crimes. Wisconsin also publishes its own statistics through the Office of Justice Assistance. The OJA reported 14,603 violent crimes in 2009, with a clearance rate (% solved) of 50%. The OJA reported 4,633 sexual assaults in 2009, with an overall clearance rate for sexual assaults of 57%. The Wisconsin Blue Book is the primary published reference about the government and politics of the state, documenting the organization of the state's three

"Milwaukee County, Wisconsin"
WI Combined Statistical Area (See Milwaukee metropolitan area). There are 19 cities in Milwaukee County. The largest being Milwaukee, West Allis, Wauwatosa, Oak Creek, and Greenfield in that order. Milwaukee County is the most densely populated county, that ranks in the top 50 most populated, when excluding Cook County,Philadelphia, and New York Burroughs from the list. The county is home to two pro sports teams, and the world's largest music festival. Portions of what is now Milwaukee County are known to have been inhabited by a number of Native American tribes, including the Sauk, Meskwaki or ""Fox"", Menomonee, Ojibwe and

"Brown County, Wisconsin"
U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (14%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 248,007 people, 98,383 households, and 63,721 families residing in the county. The population density was 403 people per square mile (156/km²). There were 104,371 housing units at an average density of 170 per square mile (66/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 86.5% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 2.7% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.0004% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 7.3% of the population

"A Matter of Time (film)"
with Italian producer Giulio Sbarigia. Shooting began in February 1975 in Rome and Venice and was meant to take 14 weeks; however, the movie went behind schedule. Minnelli's cut of the movie was over three hours. Cost-conscious American International Pictures executives, dismayed by filming delays and rising expenses, wrested control of the film from Vincente Minnelli. Liza Minnelli's then husband Jack Haley Jr. re-cut the film down to 97 minutes. Vincente Minnelli later disowned it, and fellow director Martin Scorsese took out ads in the trade papers chastizing AIP for its treatment of the screen legend. The film, released in

for ""A Wrinkle in Time"" took place in multiple locations including Eureka, California in Humboldt County, starting on November 29, 2016. Filming also took place at Eureka's Sequoia Park, located next to Sequoia Park Zoo. After Los Angeles, production moved to New Zealand for two weeks. During the last two weeks of February 2017, filming locations for ""A Wrinkle in Time"" were established to be in Central Otago, New Zealand. Actors and crew involved were in New Zealand for the two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps, including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea, with cast and

"A Place in Time"
the world at precisely the same moment. The film was shot in 2005 under the working title ""A Moment in the World"" and features footage from 40 camera crews that were dispatched across the globe for a period of six days. On January 11, 2005, at 12:00 noon Greenwich Mean Time, all 27 crews captured what was in front of their cameras for three uninterrupted minutes. The result is the penultimate scene of the film in which a juxtaposition of moments creates a sample of the broad tapestry of life that makes up any given moment on earth. It was

"A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)"
A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2003 Canadian-American made-for-television fantasy film directed by John Kent Harrison from a teleplay by Susan Shilliday based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle. It is produced by Walt Disney Television, Dimension Television, Fireworks Entertainment, and The Kerner Entertainment Company. The film stars Katie Stuart, Gregory Smith, David Dorfman, Chris Potter, Kyle Secor, Seán Cullen, Sarah-Jane Redmond, Kate Nelligan, Alison Elliot, and Alfre Woodard. Although footage from the project appeared in a trailer on ""Spy Kids"" DVD and VHS copies as early as 2001,

"Ava DuVernay"
Terabithia"" films. On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who had written the first draft. On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay had been offered to direct the film, and she was confirmed as director later that same month. ""A Wrinkle in Time"" began filming in November 2016. DuVernay is the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million, and the second woman to do so after Patty Jenkins (who directed ""Wonder Woman""). The film was released in March 2018 and brought

"Greg Wise"
Greg Wise Matthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in many British television works, as well as several feature films (notably the role of John Willoughby in ""Sense and Sensibility""). He was born to architect parents in Newcastle upon Tyne, and was educated at the independent St Peter's School, York. He went to Heriot-Watt University to study architecture and performed with the Edinburgh University Theatre Company. Wise then moved to Glasgow where he studied drama at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. He then travelled in the Far East.

"Willoughby Goddard"
Willoughby Goddard Willoughby Wittenham Rees Goddard (4 July 1926 – 11 April 2008) was an English actor whose trademark rotund figure was well known on television and in films for more than 40 years. Goddard was born in Bicester, Oxfordshire. He played Mr. Bumble in two versions of Charles Dickens's ""Oliver Twist"" – a 1962 television adaptation, and the original Broadway production of the musical ""Oliver!"". He originated the role of Cardinal Wolsey in the West End production of Robert Bolt's ""A Man for All Seasons"". He appeared in the television series ""The Adventures of William Tell"" (which lasted 39

"Sense and Sensibility (film)"
1995, though some of the actors met with Thompson the previous year to help her conceptualise the script. Lee eventually cast all but one of them: Hugh Grant (as Edward Ferrars), Robert Hardy (as Sir John Middleton), Harriet Walter (as Fanny Ferrars Dashwood), Imelda Staunton (as Charlotte Jennings Palmer), and Hugh Laurie (as Mr. Palmer). Amanda Root had also worked with Thompson on the screenplay, but had already committed to star in the 1995 film ""Persuasion"". Commenting on the casting of Laurie, whom she had known for years, Thompson has said, ""There is no one [else] on the planet who

"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)"
critics, while the cast and crew earned several award nominations for their work. It was released on a two-disc DVD in the UK on 14 January 2008. When Henry Dashwood (Simon Williams) dies, he leaves his entire fortune and his home, Norland Park, to his son John (Mark Gatiss). John promises that he will provide for his stepmother, Mary Dashwood (Janet McTeer), and half-sisters Elinor (Hattie Morahan), Marianne (Charity Wakefield), and Margaret (Lucy Boynton). However, John's wife, Fanny (Claire Skinner), convinces him to give the family a smaller inheritance than he had intended. Fanny's brother, Edward Ferrars (Dan Stevens), comes

"Digby Wolfe"
after a short battle with cancer, and was survived by his wife, Patricia Mannion, and his sister, Hilary Hammond-Williams. Digby Wolfe James Digby Wolfe (4 June 19292 May 2012) was an English-born actor of television and film, screenwriter and university lecturer in dramatic writing. After a successful career his native UK, and Australia his later career was based in the United States. James Digby Wolfe was born to a father who was an international banker and a mother who was a Vogue magazine artist. His mother named him after a character in ""Beau Geste"". When he was four, his father

"Anthony Forwood"
Anthony Forwood Ernest Lytton Forwood (3 October 1915 – 18 May 1988), known professionally as Anthony Forwood, was an English actor. After years of theatre, including the revue ""This World of Ours"" in 1935; Forwood gained his first film acting role in 1949, when he starred in Ralph Thomas' ""Traveller's Joy"". That same year he appeared in the thriller ""The Man in Black"" with Sid James. Some time later, in 1952, he received a number of roles including ""Appointment in London"" with Dirk Bogarde, whose longtime partner and manager he became. (Ralph Thomas directed Bogarde in ""Doctor in the House""

"Roland Culver"
Roland Culver Roland Joseph Culver, OBE (31 August 1900 – 1 March 1984) was an English stage, film, and television actor. After Highgate School, he joined the Royal Air Force and served as a pilot from 1918 to 1919. After considering other careers, he turned to acting, graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He debuted on the stage in 1924 at Hull Repertory Theatre and, by 1931, was appearing in films in which he was known for his portrayals of impeccable English gentlemen not given to displays of emotion. In the 1960s, he branched out into television before

"Matthew Macfadyen"
Keeley Hawes. They were married in November 2004. The couple have two children, daughter Maggie (b. December 2004) and son Ralph (b. September 2006). Macfadyen is stepfather to Hawes's son, Myles, from her previous marriage. The couple are both patrons of the Lace Market Theatre in Nottingham. Matthew Macfadyen David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor. He played MI5 Intelligence Officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series ""Spooks"", Mr. Darcy in the 2005 film of ""Pride & Prejudice"" and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy ""Death at a Funeral"". He also portrayed John Birt

"Roger Brierley"
Roger Brierley David Roger Brierley (2 June 1935 – 23 September 2005) was an English actor. Though never a major star, Brierley appeared in many television productions over a forty-year period. He twice appeared in ""Doctor Who"", as Trevor in ""The Daleks' Master Plan"" (1965) and as the voice of Drathro in ""The Mysterious Planet"" (1986). Brierley appeared in the biopic ""Jinnah"" based on the life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in the Granada television series ""Jeeves and Wooster"" as Sir Roderick Glossop, and as Michael Palin's Latin teacher in an episode of ""Ripping Yarns"" called ""Roger of the Raj"", which

who won the men's single title of australia open on 1 february 2015

"2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but he lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic. Andy Murray and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the third time, having met for the title in 2011 and 2013 with Djokovic winning both times. Djokovic went on to win his fifth Australian Open title by defeating Murray once again, 7–6, 6–7, 6–3, 6–0. The defeat saw Murray lose the Australian Open final for the fourth time in his career, becoming the first man in the Open Era to achieve four runner-up finishes in Melbourne. Roger Federer's streak

"2015 Australian Open"
2015 Australian Open The 2015 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park from 19 January to 1 February 2015. It was the 103rd edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion in men's singles but lost to four-time Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals. Reigning women's champion Li Na did not defend her title, as she retired from professional tennis in September, 2014. Novak Djokovic won an Open Era record fifth men's singles crown by defeating Andy Murray in the final,

"2015 US Open – Men's Singles"
2015 US Open – Men's Singles Marin Čilić was the defending champion, but was defeated by the eventual champion, Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Djokovic went on to win the title, defeating Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4. By reaching the final, Djokovic became the third man to reach all four major Grand Slam finals in the same year in the Open Era after Rod Laver and Federer. Earlier that year, he won the Australian Open and Wimbledon and lost to Stan Wawrinka at Roland Garros. This was the first time since the 2010 US Open that

"2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Andy Murray, 6–1, 7–5, 7–6 in a rematch of the previous year's final, and the fourth Australian Open final between the pair. Djokovic also equaled Roy Emerson's all-time men's record of six Australian Open singles titles. Murray also became the second man in the Open Era (after Ivan Lendl) to lose five Grand Slam finals at one event, and is the only one to have the distinction without having won the title. Australian Lleyton Hewitt, a 2005 finalist, two-time Grand Slam champion

"2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Stanislas Wawrinka, bringing Djokovic's 25-match winning streak at the Australian Open, 28-match winning streak overall, and streak of 14 consecutive Grand Slam semifinals to an end. Rafael Nadal was trying to become the third man to complete a double career Grand Slam and was also trying to tie Pete Sampras's record of 14 Grand Slam wins. Eighth seed Wawrinka won the title by defeating top seed Nadal in the final, becoming the first man outside the Big Four to

"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles"
2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to

A$5,165,200 – for doubles players, A$480,000 for mixed doubles players and A$605,330 for competitors in other events, while A$3,609,470 was used to cover other fees, including players' per diem and trophies. 2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles This was the third time these two players met in the final. The other two times were in 2011 and 2013, when Djokovic won. This time would prove no different with Djokovic winning his fifth title, an Open Era record, to go along with his titles in 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013. This victory was Djokovic's eighth grand slam title, tying him in

of eleven consecutive Australian Open semifinals ended when he lost to Andreas Seppi in the third round. The defeat marked Federer's earliest exit from the tournament since 2001. Nick Kyrgios became the first teenager to reach the Australian Open quarterfinals since Andrei Cherkasov in 1990 and the first Australian to reach that round since Lleyton Hewitt in 2005. Kyrgios also became the first teenager to reach a second Grand Slam quarterfinal since Rafael Nadal in 2006. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but he lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic.

"2015 Open Championship"
in parentheses. Mark Calcavecchia (3), Stewart Cink (2,3), Darren Clarke (2,3), Ben Curtis, John Daly, David Duval, Ernie Els (2,3), Nick Faldo, Todd Hamilton, Pádraig Harrington (2), Paul Lawrie, Tom Lehman, Justin Leonard (3), Sandy Lyle, Phil Mickelson (2,3,5,15), Mark O'Meara, Louis Oosthuizen (2,3,5,6), Tiger Woods (2,3,12) Tom Watson Victor Dubuisson (5,6,15), Rickie Fowler (5,12,13,15), Jim Furyk (5,13,15), Sergio García (5,6,13,15), Marc Leishman, Shane Lowry (5,6), Graeme McDowell (5,6,15), Edoardo Molinari, Charl Schwartzel (5,6,10), Adam Scott (5,10,13) Keegan Bradley (11,15), Paul Casey, Jason Day (13), Jamie Donaldson (6,15), Matt Every, Branden Grace, Bill Haas (13), J. B. Holmes, Billy Horschel

"2015 Australian Goldfields Open"
2015 Australian Goldfields Open The 2015 Australian Goldfields Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 29 June and 5 July 2015 at the Bendigo Stadium in Bendigo, Australia. It was the first ranking event of the 2015/2016 season. Judd Trump was the defending champion, but he lost 1–5 against Stephen Maguire in the quarter-finals. John Higgins defeated Martin Gould 9–8 in the final to win the 27th ranking title of his career. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: The qualifying stages for this event took place at K2 in Crawley, England

"Nathan Riggs"
trouble resuming their relationship, as she believes that he is still in love with Meredith, but they finally get back together when he brings her son, Farouk, to her from Iraq, proving his loyalty to her. In ""Danger Zone"", Nathan moves to Los Angeles with Megan and Farouk to start their lives together. Nathan made his last appearance in the season 14 episode ""Danger Zone"". The episode was designed as the departure for series regular Martin Henderson, having joined the cast in 2015 and conceived originally as the love interest for Meredith. Shonda Rhimes announced the exit of Martin Henderson

"Nathan Petrelli"
form, but he eventually lost control to Sylar and was then dead for good. Nathan is the eldest son of Angela and Arthur Petrelli. He was a lawyer working with the District Attorney's office. The District Attorney wanted to expose the Mafia connections of his father's client, Daniel Linderman. As he was driving his wife home from a party in a convertible, another vehicle attempted to run them off the road. Nathan inadvertently flew from his car, causing the car to lose control and veer off the freeway. The resulting crash paralyzed his wife, Heidi. Six months later, Nathan is

sister, Megan. Megan, who had been engaged to Nathan at the time of her abduction, had discovered Nathan's infidelity before running off and ultimately getting kidnapped. Owen has long blamed Riggs for the fate of his sister, who has been presumed dead for 10 years now. However, as time goes on, Nathan and Owen learn to work together and eventually tentatively reinstate their friendship. Towards the end of Season 12, Nathan sleeps with Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) in the back of her car. After the incident, they both agree that it was a one-time thing, as Meredith still has trouble

so he opts to drive the ball in for Neno to score. Neno is later called up by the Clippers, leaving Nathan still in the D-League. In the season 6 finale, Nathan gets called up to the Charlotte Bobcats and starts in his first game up. Nathan has been playing for the Charlotte Bobcats since the finale of season 6, but his contract is up and his friend and agent, Clay, puts Nathan's career in jeopardy by being too greedy during the negotiations. Nathan, Haley, and Jamie celebrate Jamie's 7th birthday, and a woman named Renee asks to take a

Peyton breaks up with Nathan after she sees the kind of person he is. Nathan begins receiving tutoring lessons from Lucas' best friend Haley James as a way to upset Lucas. However, he later falls in love with her when she forgives him for taking drugs to enhance his basketball abilities. Throughout the season, Nathan and Haley's relationship blossoms into love, and in the season finale they get married and his relationship with Lucas slowly begins to thaw. Nathan and Haley learn that Dan has had a heart attack. At the hospital, they tell Deb of their marriage but she

"Nathan Phelps"
miles (8–16 km) after school, accompanied by participation in a fad diet. Phelps describes his father as ""deeply prejudiced"", and also violent and abusive, and gives accounts of receiving extended beatings with a leather strap and later with a mattock handle. Phelps' brother Mark and sister Dortha have corroborated Phelps' claims of physical abuse by their father. On his 18th birthday, Phelps left his family home. Still in internal conflict, he abandoned his family and the WBC, despite his then deeply-held belief that this meant he would go immediately to hell. In great fear of having his escape interrupted by

as the paramedics are working on Haley, Lucas falls unconscious after a heart attack. They are both rushed to the hospital. In the next episode, Haley wakes up and an ultrasound is done to check the baby. They hear the heartbeat, proving that the baby is indeed fine. After Deb attempts suicide by taking an overdose, Nathan is racked with guilt. He and Haley decide to help Deb by moving out of their apartment and into the Scott mansion. A party is thrown on the night before prom. A tape of Nathan's basketball glories is played, but Nathan is horrified

mistakes, and convinces him to go back to school. His temper gets the best of him again when Jason, a musician in a band, touches Haley's rear. Quentin comes to her aid, punching Jason, which also damages his hand, putting him out of basketball for some time. Haley, however, is disappointed about Nathan's temper. After he has been hit on several times by Jamie's nanny, Carrie, Haley walks in on them in the shower. He tells her that Carrie snuck into the shower without his knowledge, which is the truth. But Carrie insists that she and Nathan are in love,

"White stork"
time since 1416. Due to its large size, predation on vermin, and nesting behaviour close to human settlements and on rooftops, the white stork has an imposing presence that has influenced human culture and folklore. The Hebrew word for the white stork is ""chasidah"" (חסידה), meaning ""merciful"" or ""kind"". Greek and Roman mythology portray storks as models of parental devotion. The 3rd century Roman writer Aelian citing the authority of Alexander of Myndus noted in his ""De natura animalium"" (book 3, chapter 23) that aged storks flew away to oceanic islands where they were transformed into humans as a reward

"Striped skunk"
called the ""emblem of America"" by Ernest Thompson Seton. It has been prevalent in modern popular culture, being the subject of various jazz and funk songs like Cab Calloway's ""Skunk Song"" and the Breaker Brother's ""Some Skunk Funk"". The skunk connection these genres may be due to the term ""funk"" being a term for strong odor. Skunks are also popular characters in children's stories, comics and cartoons, most notably the Warner Bros character Pepé Le Pew, their musky odor making them a source of fear and ostracization. The striped skunk is one of North America's most sought after furbearers, and

"Cultural depictions of penguins"
Polar bears inhabit the Northern Hemisphere, while all penguin species live in the Southern Hemisphere. Cultural depictions of penguins Penguins are popular around the world for their unusually upright, waddling gait, their cuteness, their magnificent swimming ability and (compared with other birds) their lack of fear toward humans. Their striking black and white plumage is often likened to a white tie suit and generates humorous remarks about the bird being ""well dressed"". Penguins had a resurgence as figures in pop culture in the mid-2000s thanks to films like ""March of the Penguins"", ""Madagascar"", ""Happy Feet"", and ""Surf's Up"". As an

Anthropomorphism
widespread in Japan, where cities, regions, and companies all have mascots, collectively known as ""yuru-chara"". Two of the most popular are Kumamon (a bear who represents Kumamoto Prefecture) and Funassyi (a pear who represents Funabashi, a suburb of Tokyo). Other examples of anthropomorphism include the attribution of human traits to animals, especially domesticated pets such as dogs and cats. Examples of this include thinking a dog is smiling simply because he is showing his teeth, or a cat is bored because it is not reacting to commands. Anthropomorphism may be beneficial to the welfare of animals. A 2012 study by

"Pigs in popular culture"
Pigs in popular culture Pigs, widely present in world cultures, have taken on many meanings and been used for many purposes in traditional arts, popular culture, and media. As one scholar puts it, people all over the world have made swine stand for ""extremes of human joy or fear, celebration, ridicule, and repulsion."" They have become synonymous with negative attributes, especially greed, gluttony, and uncleanliness, and these ascribed attributes have often led to critical comparisons between pigs and humans. A number of idioms related to pigs have entered the English language. Several of these idioms refer to the negative qualities

"Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons"
White. Medusa and her Gorgon sisters have been featured in gaming since the advent of role-playing games (RPGs): Medusa is also a rather popular influence in various multiplayer online battle arena games, often being used as an inspiration for a number of characters in the following titles: Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons The mythological monster Medusa, her sisters, and the other Gorgons, have been featured in art and culture from the days of ancient Greece to present day. Medusa has been variously portrayed as a monster, a protective symbol, a rallying symbol for liberty, and a sympathetic victim of

"Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology"
Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology The wolf is a common motif in the foundational mythologies and cosmologies of peoples throughout Eurasia and North America (corresponding to the historical extent of the habitat of the gray wolf). The obvious attribute of the wolf is its nature of a predator, and correspondingly it is strongly associated with danger and destruction, making it the symbol of the warrior on one hand, and that of the devil on the other. The modern trope of the Big Bad Wolf is a development of this. The wolf holds great importance in the cultures and religions

Swastika
traditions, the swastika is also used by a number of new religious movements established in the modern period. Swastika The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon in the cultures of Eurasia, used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions. In the Western world, it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan race identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by association with ideas of racism and antisemitism. The name ""swastika""

size (in that it is big enough to carry an infant), and flight at high altitude (likened to flying between Earth and Heaven). The fable and its relation to the internal world of the child have been discussed by Sigmund Freud, and Carl Jung. In fact, Jung recalled being told the story himself upon the birth of his own sister. The traditional link with the newborn continues with their use in advertising for such products as nappies and birth announcements. There were negative aspects to stork folklore as well; a Polish folk tale relates how God made the stork's plumage

"Foxes in popular culture"
Foxes in popular culture The fox appears in the folklore of many cultures, especially European and East Asian folklores, as a figure of cunning or trickery, or as a familiar animal possessed of magic powers. The fox is also sometimes associated with transformation. This folkore root has resulted in many influenced works, in literature, film, television, games, and music, and elsewhere. The term ""foxy"" in English (""having the qualities of a fox"") can also connote attractiveness, sexiness or being red-haired. The term ""to outfox"" means ""to beat in a competition of wits"", similarly to ""outguess"", ""outsmart"", and ""outwit"". In Dogon

"Arjuna Award"
criteria for the Arjuna Award over the years. As per the revised guidelines, to be eligible for the Award, a sportsperson should not only have had good performance consistently for the previous four years at the international level with excellence for the year for which the Award is recommended, but should also have shown qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline. From the year 2001, the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories: In mid-August 2011, 20 athletes were announced as Arjuna recipients; the high number due to the inclusion of both the 2010

"Udey Chand"
Udey Chand Udey Chand (born 25 June 1935) is a retired Indian wrestler and wrestling coach who was the first individual world championship medal winner from independent India. He was awarded the first Arjuna Award in wrestling in 1961, by Government of India. Chand was born on 25 June 1935 in Jandli village of Hisar district and currently resides in Hisar. He started his career with the Indian Army. He created history by winning a Bronze Medal in Light Weight (67 kg) Freestyle at 1961 World Wrestling Championships at Yokohama. During his bout against the eventual world champion Mahamed-Ali Sanatkaran

team to many All Indian Inter University Championship triumphs. Currently he lives in Hisar and still actively assists budding wrestlers. Udey Chand Udey Chand (born 25 June 1935) is a retired Indian wrestler and wrestling coach who was the first individual world championship medal winner from independent India. He was awarded the first Arjuna Award in wrestling in 1961, by Government of India. Chand was born on 25 June 1935 in Jandli village of Hisar district and currently resides in Hisar. He started his career with the Indian Army. He created history by winning a Bronze Medal in Light Weight

"Ajmer Singh (basketball)"
Ajmer Singh (basketball) Ajmer Singh (born 1953) is an Indian basketball player who was awarded the country's highest sporting honor, the Arjuna Award, in 1982. He represented the country in the Asian Basketball Championships and in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. According to ""The Hindu"", Singh was ""a rough and tough player and his sole aim was to score as many baskets as possible. A dedicated man, he was remarkable for his appetite for baskets. As a result, he emerged as one of the top 10 shooters in the 1980 Moscow Olympics."" Singh moved to Kota, which had a

"Milkha Singh"
the Partition of India, Singh has become a sporting icon in his country. In 2008, journalist Rohit Brijnath described Singh as ""the finest athlete India has ever produced"". In July 2012, ""The Independent"" said that ""India's most revered Olympian is a gallant loser"" and noted the paucity of success at that time — 20 medals — achieved by Indian competitors in the Olympic Games despite the country having a population in excess of one billion. Milkha Singh was born on 20 November 1929 according to records in Pakistan, although other official records various state 17 October 1935 and 20 November

Arjuna Award The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports. Started in 1961, the award carries a cash prize of 500,000, a bronze statue of Arjuna and a scroll. Over the years the scope of the award has been expanded and a large number of sports persons who belonged to the pre-Arjuna Award era were also included in the list. Further, the number of disciplines for which the award is given was increased to include indigenous games and the physically handicapped category. The Government revises the

"Ekambaram Karunakaran"
Ekambaram Karunakaran Ekambaram Kaunakaran (born 6 June 1954) is a former Indian weightlifter. He was the first Indian to win the Gold medal in an International Competition in weightlifting. This was in the Commonwealth games in Edmonton, Canada in 1978. Karunakaran's career spanned over a decade. He was conferred with the Arjuna Award in the year 1978-79 by the Government of India. Karunakaran was born in Egattur, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu to Ekambaram and Karupaiammal. Karunakaran. He studied at Kadambathur Government higher secondary school and then worked with Southern Railway in Chennai. Initially interested in kabaddi, Karunakaran took to weightlifting to

"Charles Borromeo (athlete)"
federation till 2005. Charles Borromeo (athlete) Charles Borromeo (born 1 December 1958) is a former Indian track and field athlete. He was awarded Arjuna Award in 1982 for winning gold at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi at a record time of 1:46:81 seconds in India. His represented India in the 1984 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. His time in the limelight may be short, yet his efforts won him the prestigious ""Padma Shri"" civilian award in India in 1984. After retirement, he continued to work in developing sports at the national level in India. He served as the National

"Makhan Singh (sprinter)"
so doctors suggested cutting off his leg. He died in penury in 2002. He also won the Arjuna Award for his achievements. Makhan Singh (sprinter) Makhan Singh (1 July 1937 – 21 January 2002) was an Indian athlete during the 1960s. He was born in Bathulla village in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. His primary claim to fame came was his victory over Milkha Singh in the 1962 National Games of India in Calcutta. He won a number of gold medals in National Games, and represented India in the 1962 Asian Games and the 1964 Summer Olympics. His first taste

"Adille Sumariwalla"
Adille Sumariwalla Adille Sumariwalla (born 1 January 1958) is an Indian Parsi athlete and entrepreneur, popular for representing India at the 1980 Moscow Olympics. Sumariwalla competed as a 100m runner in several international competitions and at the Olympics. Currently, he is the president of the Athletics Federation of India, and was elected as one of the members of council of IAAF at its 50th congress, thus becoming the first Indian to do so. He is also an entrepreneur and owns many media businesses in India, after tenures at some media companies including the American Media Company. Sumariwalla has been an

"Good Night (Beatles song)"
Good Night (Beatles song) ""Good Night"" is a song by the Beatles, composed by John Lennon, but credited to Lennon–McCartney. It is sung by Ringo Starr, the only Beatle to appear on the track. The music was provided by an orchestra arranged and conducted by George Martin. It is the last song on the Beatles' 1968 album ""The Beatles"" (also known as the ""White Album""). John Lennon wrote the song as a lullaby for his five-year-old son Julian. The original version of ""Good Night"" featured George Harrison and John Lennon playing the melody on guitars with them and Paul McCartney

A one-second clip of the song is heard on the Paul McCartney album ""Liverpool Sound Collage"" at 3:38 on the track ""Plastic Beetle"". Good Night (Beatles song) ""Good Night"" is a song by the Beatles, composed by John Lennon, but credited to Lennon–McCartney. It is sung by Ringo Starr, the only Beatle to appear on the track. The music was provided by an orchestra arranged and conducted by George Martin. It is the last song on the Beatles' 1968 album ""The Beatles"" (also known as the ""White Album""). John Lennon wrote the song as a lullaby for his five-year-old son

"White Summer"
in early 1974 at Headley Grange. ""White Summer"" was recorded 28–29 April 1967 at De Lane Lea Studios in London. Jimmy Page was the only band member to perform on the recording and was accompanied by Chris Karan on tabla and an unidentified oboe player doubling the melody line. The song combines elements of traditional Eastern as well as Western music. In a 1977 interview, Page commented, ""I used a special tuning for [the song]; the low string down to D, then A, D, G, A and D. It’s like a modal tuning, a sitar tuning, in fact"". He added

"White Room"
White Room ""White Room"" is a song by British rock band Cream, composed by bassist Jack Bruce with lyrics by poet Pete Brown. They recorded it for the studio half of the 1968 double album ""Wheels of Fire"". In September, a shorter single edit (without the third verse) was released for AM radio stations, although album-oriented FM radio stations played the full album version. Recording for ""White Room"" reportedly began in July 1967 in London at the initial session for Cream's as-yet-unnamed third album. Work continued at Atlantic Studios in New York City in December and was completed during three

violins, three violas, three cellos, one harp, three flutes, one clarinet, one horn, one vibraphone, and one string bass. The Mike Sammes Singers also took part in the recording, providing backing vocals. Starr became the second member of the group (after Paul McCartney) to record a song credited to the group without the other members performing (Lennon was the third with ""Julia""). The song ends with Starr whispering the words: ""Good night... Good night, everybody... Everybody, everywhere... Good night."" The song makes three appearances on the Beatles' soundtrack to the Cirque du Soleil production of ""Love"". It is used as

"Feeling Good"
18 February 1965, it also features Art Davis, Elvin Jones and McCoy Tyner. Versions were also released in 1965 by Nina Simone, Jean DuShon, Julie London, Chris Connor, Billy Eckstine, and Sammy Davis Jr.. Nina Simone's version, arranged and produced by Hal Mooney, was recorded in New York in January 1965 and appeared on her album ""I Put a Spell on You."" It was not released as a single at the time. In 1994, Simone's recording was used in a British TV commercial for Volkswagen, and became popular. Released as a single, it reached no. 40 on the UK Singles

singing the harmony and Ringo taking the lead vocal. Take 10 with a guitar part from take 5 was released on the 2018 50th Anniversary Box Set of ""The Beatles"". A fragment of a rehearsal and take 34 of the song, along with an overdub of the orchestra from the close of the released version is heard on the 1996 Beatles compilation album, ""Anthology 3"". George Martin's arrangement is lush, and intentionally so. Lennon is said to have wanted the song to sound ""real cheesy"", like a Gordon Jenkins-esque Old Hollywood production number. The musicians play the following instruments: 12

"The Beatles (album)"
The Beatles (album) The Beatles, also known as The White Album, is the ninth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's previous LP ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"". Although no singles were issued from ""The Beatles"" in Britain and the United States, the songs ""Hey Jude"" and ""Revolution"" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a

"Max & Ruby"
produced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voice cast and theme song, and all new episodes being split into two 11 min. segments, rather than the original three 7 minute segment episodes. segments (see episode list for details). A seventh season of the series premiered on August 12, 2019; and again (like Season 6), in Season 7, the

"Rainbow Ruby"
the series was premiered on April 23, 2016 on Family Jr.; it was then broadcast on its regular slot on Mondays starting April 25. The French language version debuted on April 9, 2018 on Télémagino; for its first week, Télémagino premiered each episode per day from April 9 to 13, but premieres the rest every Monday. Both Family Jr. and Télémagino are specialty television channels which DHX Media acquired in 2014. In South Korea, the series was premiered on March 2, 2017 on EBS1, a public service terrestrial television channel operated by the Educational Broadcasting System. From April of the

was initially on 3e but was later moved to Be3 on January 9, 2017. In Australia, ""Rainbow Ruby"" was made available to watch on Stan, an online media streaming service, on May 19, 2017. In the United Kingdom, the show premiered on TBA on ITVBe's LittleBe. ""Rainbow Ruby"" won a ""Grand Prize in Animations and Comics"" () at the 2015's """" () presented by China Animation Association, being ranked at number 7. The ceremony was held on October 1, 2015 as a part of the year's edition of Shenzhen Gameshow. Rainbow Ruby Rainbow Ruby (; ) is a CGI animated

"Samurai Jack (season 5)"
Samurai Jack (season 5) The fifth season of ""Samurai Jack"" is the final season of the animated series. This season of ""Samurai Jack"" follows Jack on a journey that concludes his story. It premiered on the Toonami programming block of Adult Swim on March 11, 2017, and concluded its run on May 20, 2017. The announcement of the season came in December 2015, eleven years since the series was originally concluded on Cartoon Network. Genndy Tartakovsky, the series' creator, returned as a director, writer, and storyboarder for this season. The season received universal acclaim from both critics and fans, praising

"Black-ish (season 5)"
Black-ish (season 5) The fifth season of ""Black-ish"" began airing on October 16, 2018 on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Khalabo Ink Society, Cinema Gypsy Productions, Principato-Young Entertainment and ABC Studios, with creator Kenya Barris, who also serves as executive producer alongside Anthony Anderson, Brian Dobbins, Jonathan Groff and Helen Sugland. The series revolves around Dre, portrayed by Anthony Anderson, a family man who struggles with finding his cultural identity while raising his kids in a white neighbourhood. He lives with his wife, Bow (Tracee Ellis Ross). This is the second season not to have Yara

"The Vampire Diaries (season 5)"
The Vampire Diaries (season 5) ""The Vampire Diaries"", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a fifth season by The CW on February 11, 2013. The fifth season premiered on October 3, 2013, followed by the series premiere of the spin-off series ""The Originals"". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fifth season on February 11, 2013. The first writers meeting held on April 15, 2013. Filming began on July 10, 2013, and finished on April 10, 2014. The cast features Nina Dobrev as Elena Gilbert, Katherine Pierce and Amara; Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore, Silas and Tom Avery;

"Shameless (season 5)"
while Frank struggles with sobriety following his recent liver transplant. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On February 18, 2014, Showtime announced the series would be renewed for a fifth season. Production on the first episode began on July 3, 2014 with the first table read, with principal photography commencing on July 8, 2014. Shameless (season 5) The fifth season of ""Shameless"", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 11, 2015 on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, and producer Michael Hissrich. Like all

RWBY
14, 2017, and concluded on January 20, 2018. Volume 5 teaser shorts for the characters Weiss Schnee, Blake Belladonna, and Yang Xiao Long were released, as well as a second season of ""RWBY Chibi"". A third season of ""RWBY Chibi"" has been released intermittently since the end of volume 5. The sixth volume premiered on October 27, 2018 (a short revolving around the character Adam Taurus was uploaded onto the Rooster Teeth website and YouTube before volume 6 premiered). The story takes place in the world of Remnant, composed of four kingdoms that are plagued by malevolent creatures known as

2018 Winter Paralympics The 2018 Winter Paralympics (), the 12th Paralympic Winter Games, and also more generally known as the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), that was held in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, from 9 to 18 March 2018. They were the second Paralympics to be held in South Korea, following the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul. 569 athletes representing 49 National Paralympic Committees participated in these Games, including newcomers Georgia, North Korea and Tajikistan. Following its debut as disciplines under the

prior to the Olympics, and that their meeting ""underlines the tremendous ability of sport to bring countries together in positive dialogue."" 2018 Winter Paralympics The 2018 Winter Paralympics (), the 12th Paralympic Winter Games, and also more generally known as the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), that was held in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, from 9 to 18 March 2018. They were the second Paralympics to be held in South Korea, following the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul. 569 athletes representing 49

the Games if the safety of its delegation could not be guaranteed. The next day, Austria and Germany raised similar concerns and also threatened to skip the Games. France later reaffirmed its participation. In early December 2017, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, told Fox News that it was an ""open question"" whether the United States was going to participate in the Games, citing security concerns in the region. However, days later the White House Press Secretary, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, stated that the United States would participate. In his New Year's address on 1 January 2018,

"Fishin' in the Dark"
Fishin' in the Dark ""Fishin' in the Dark"" is a song written by Wendy Waldman and Jim Photoglo and recorded by American country music group The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was released in June 1987 as the second single from their album ""Hold On"". It reached number-one on the U.S. and Canadian country charts. It was the band's third number-one single on the U.S. country music charts and the second in Canada. After it became available for download, it has sold over a million digital copies by 2015. It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on September 12, 2014.

"The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (album)"
Bruce Kunkel. Guitar, snare, and tambourine provide the back rhythm. A piano provides the baseline and an electric piano plays a counter melody. Vocals are long notes giving it a mellow feel. The lyrics implore you to take in the beauty of morning walk on the beach before you have to face the harsh world. ""Candy Man"" was written by Reverend Gary Davis blues and gospel singer and guitarist. Jeff Hanna sings lead on this up tempo version. Another voice replies on the last verse. It features two harmonicas on the breaks. ""Dismal Swamp"" is a fast bluegrass instrumental. John

The premise of the song is a couple contemplating a late-night fishing expedition. Specifically, the adventurers plan to make their way to an undisclosed river and chart constellations during an evening in which a full moon is present. Furthermore, the tentative date for this excursion is set in the late spring to early summer. The music video was directed by Bill Young and features the band playing in front of a live audience. Fishin' in the Dark ""Fishin' in the Dark"" is a song written by Wendy Waldman and Jim Photoglo and recorded by American country music group The Nitty

Editor Ann Moses. It focuses mostly on what the members look like, nicknames, and personalities. The type of information readers of Tiger Beat, teenage girls, would have been interested in. The songs fall mostly into two very different styles. Half sound like songs of the 1920s, the other half sound like late 1960s laid-back rock. ""Dismal Swamp"" is bluegrass. ""Buy for Me the Rain"" is one of the 1960s-style songs. It starts with guitar playing a fast, staccato pattern. This is joined by a violin playing long notes over top. Jeff Hanna sings lead. Someone else sings harmony on the

"Nitty Gritty Dirt Band"
the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games and the inaugural Farm Aid concert in Champaign, Illinois. A 20-year anniversary concert at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado featured such guests as Ricky Skaggs, Emmylou Harris, Doc Watson, and John Prine. John McEuen left the band at the end of 1986, replaced by Bernie Leadon, formerly of the Eagles. He was with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1987 and 1988. The band's 19th album, ""Hold On"" featured the No. 1 singles ""Fishin' in the Dark"" and ""Baby's Got a Hold on Me."" The band appeared on the ""Today Show"" and ""The

Clements was introduced to a wider audience by the album, and a new career. The band also toured Japan twice soon after this period. After the next album Les Thompson left the group, making the band a foursome. ""Stars & Stripes Forever"" was a live album that mixed old successes such as ""Buy for Me the Rain"" and ""Mr. Bojangles"" with ""Circle"" collaborations (fiddler Vassar Clements was a guest performer) and long storytelling spoken-word monologues. A studio album, ""Dream"", was also released. During July 1974, the band was among the headline acts at the Ozark Music Festival at the Missouri

known as ""Washington at Valley Forge"". The lyrics are about someone who is annoyed at their neighbor, for playing the ukulele and singing all night long.The music provided by guitar, banjo, and snare. The kazoo solo performed by bandmember Bruce ""Spider Bones"" Kunkel. ""You're Gonna Get It in the End"" was written by the band The Lamp of Childhood. While The Lamp only released a few singles, and had no hits, one member had some notoriety. James Hendricks had been in The Big Three and The Mugwumps with his then wife Cass Elliot. He went on to write the number-one

"Nitty Gritty Surround"
Nitty Gritty Surround Nitty Gritty Surround is the 2001 DVD-Video and DVD-Audio release by John McEuen & Jimmy Ibbotson. It consists of a live in studio recording. It was recorded November 17, 2000 at the Historic Fox Theater, Hanford, California. Ibbotson is notable for writing, singing, and playing a variety of instruments on charting songs released by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The DVD-Video can be viewed with an ""Audience mix"" or the ""Stage"" mix. The DVD-Audio side is ""Stage"" Mix. The ""Stage"" mix surrounds you like you are on stage with the musicians. The DVD cover credits John McEuen

"The Diamond in the Fish"
The Diamond in the Fish The Diamond in the Fish is a studio album by the American eclectic rock band Havalina Rail Co., released 1996. In his KPSU radio interview with Dave Cusik, Matt Wignall described the album: ""We were experimenting with idea of like playing jazz, which incidentally, we kinda sucked at. And found out why most of the time all good jazz players are over fifty, 'cause it takes that long to get good at it."" An alternate version of ""Dominique's Library"" appeared on the Tooth And Nail Records sampler ""Art Core Vol. 1"". The songs ""Banditos"" and

album in 1964 and later by the Youngbloods on their album Earth Music in 1968. (The songwriting credits on the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album erroneously name saxophonist and band leader Charlie Ventura and his piano player Roy Kral; their 1949 ""Euphoria"" is a different item altogether.) It is a fast song featuring lots of wacky laughter. The vocals sound like Jimmie Fadden, and he also plays harmonica on this. Someone else doubles the vocals in parts in a silly falsetto. Banjo and guitar provide the music. ""Melissa"" was written by Jackson Browne years before his first record. The song

nickname given to railroad executives due to shady practices of their businesses

"Robber baron (industrialist)"
Robber baron (industrialist) ""Robber baron"" is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand their wealth, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt taking money from government-subsidized shippers, in order to not compete on their routes. The term was based on an analogy to the German robber barons, local feudal lords or bandits in Germany who waylaid travellers through their ostensible territory, claiming some tax or fine was owed. The term robber baron derives from the ""Raubritter"" (""robber knights""), the medieval German lords who charged

"Albert J. Dunlap"
the company and fire individuals. DeVito wore a shirt with a white French cuff and collar identical to the outfit commonly worn by Al Dunlap. Albert J. Dunlap Albert John Dunlap (born July 26, 1937) is an American corporate executive. He is best known as a turnaround specialist and professional downsizer, although it was later discovered that his reputed turnarounds were elaborate frauds. The ruthless methods he employed to streamline failing companies, most notably Scott Paper, won him the nicknames ""Chainsaw Al"" and ""Rambo in Pinstripes"". However, his career was effectively ended after he engineered a massive accounting scandal at

here are listed in Josephson, ""Robber Barons"" or in the cited source, Robber baron (industrialist) ""Robber baron"" is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand their wealth, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt taking money from government-subsidized shippers, in order to not compete on their routes. The term was based on an analogy to the German robber barons, local feudal lords or bandits in Germany who waylaid travellers through their ostensible territory, claiming some tax or fine was owed. The term robber baron

"Robert Schuyler"
Robert Schuyler Robert Schuyler or Robert Livingston Schuyler (September 16, 1798 – November 15, 1855), was a financier, steamboat operator, and railroad president who acted as the de facto head of the prominent Schuyler family during his adulthood. Schuyler, who in his day was known as ""America's first railroad king,"" is best known today for his role in America’s first large-scale stock fraud on the New York and New Haven Railroad. His scandal is among the greatest scandals in Wall Street history alongside the Bernie Madoff scandal and the Richard Whitney scandal. Schuyler was born in Rhinebeck, New York in

"James Fisk (financier)"
James Fisk (financier) James Fisk, Jr. (April 1, 1835 – January 7, 1872) – known variously as ""Big Jim"", ""Diamond Jim"", and ""Jubilee Jim"" – was an American stockbroker and corporate executive who has been referred to as one of the ""robber barons"" of the Gilded Age. Though Fisk was admired by the working class of New York and the Erie Railroad, he achieved much ill-fame for his role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and his partner Jay Gould befriended the unsuspecting President Ulysses S. Grant in an attempt to use the President's good name in a scheme

Grantism
corruption investigations into the Grant Administration from 1875-1876. Today, ""Grantism"" is defined as any political corruption and greed in government. During Grant's presidency, many of his associates took part in price skimming and tax evasion. ""Grantism"" also refers to big business undermining control of local and national government. Grantism Grantism became a byword by his political opponents and ""Lost Cause"" supporters, directed at President Ulysses S. Grant for political incompetence, corruption and fraud during his administration in the 1870s. The 1869–1877 presidency of Ulysses S. Grant was marred by many scandals and fraudulent activities associated with persons within his administration,

Albert J. Dunlap Albert John Dunlap (born July 26, 1937) is an American corporate executive. He is best known as a turnaround specialist and professional downsizer, although it was later discovered that his reputed turnarounds were elaborate frauds. The ruthless methods he employed to streamline failing companies, most notably Scott Paper, won him the nicknames ""Chainsaw Al"" and ""Rambo in Pinstripes"". However, his career was effectively ended after he engineered a massive accounting scandal at Sunbeam Products, now Sunbeam-Oster, that ultimately cost that company its independence. He is barred from serving as an officer of a publicly traded corporation in

"Corporate raid"
hostile takeovers and corporate raids, including poison pills, golden parachutes, and increases in debt levels on the company's balance sheet. In later years, some corporate raiding practices have been used by ""activist shareholders"", who purchase equity stakes in a corporation to influence its board of directors and put public pressure on its management. Corporate raids became the hallmark of a handful of investors in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly highlighted by the public suicide of Eli Black. Among the most notable corporate raiders of the 1980s were Carl Icahn, Victor Posner, Meshulam Riklis, Nelson Peltz, Robert M. Bass, T. Boone

"Enron scandal"
accounting and financing maneuvers, and hype its stock to unsustainable levels."" Although Enron's compensation and performance management system was designed to retain and reward its most valuable employees, the system contributed to a dysfunctional corporate culture that became obsessed with short-term earnings to maximize bonuses. Employees constantly tried to start deals, often disregarding the quality of cash flow or profits, in order to get a better rating for their performance review. Additionally, accounting results were recorded as soon as possible to keep up with the company's stock price. This practice helped ensure deal-makers and executives received large cash bonuses and

"Thomas Edison"
Thomas Edison's son, Thomas Alva Edison Jr.. became a problem for his father and his father's business. Starting in the 1890s, Thomas Jr. became involved in snake oil products and shady and fraudulent enterprises producing products being sold to the public as """"The Latest Edison Discovery"""". The situation became so bad that Thomas Sr. had to take his son to court to stop the practices, finally agreeing to pay Thomas Jr. an allowance of $35.00 () per week, in exchange for not using the Edison name; the son began using aliases, such as Burton Willard. Thomas Jr., suffering from alcoholism,

"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)"
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) USS ""Enterprise"" (NCC-1701) is a starship in the ""Star Trek"" media franchise. It is the main setting of (1966–1969) and several ""Star Trek"" films, and it has been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, products, and fan-created media. Under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, the ""Enterprise"" carries its crew on a mission ""to explore strange, new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man has gone before"". Matt Jefferies designed the ""Enterprise"" for television, and its core design components — a saucer-shaped primary hull, two outset engine nacelles,

"Starship Enterprise"
of illustrations depicting ships named ""Enterprise"". It also appears as a model in ""Star Trek Into Darkness"" (2013), together with models of a ""Wright Flyer"", a V-2 rocket, a Bell X-1, a Vostok-3KA capsule, a Space Shuttle orbiter, and some ""Star Trek"" universe starships. The 1979 ""Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology"" describes this ""first interstellar liner"" as a ""Declaration""-class ship launched in 2123. Its length is given as , and it has a capacity of 100 crew and 850 passengers. The ""Star Trek Maps"" by New Eye Photography Editors, also published in 1979, listed this ship as a fusion drive probe

Starship Enterprise Enterprise or USS ""Enterprise (often referred to as the ""Starship ""Enterprise"") is the name of several fictional spacecraft, some of which are the main craft and setting for various television series and films in the ""Star Trek"" science fiction franchise. The most notable were Captain James T. Kirk's from the , and Captain Jean-Luc Picard's from """". Two spacecraft with the name ""Enterprise"" predate the United Federation of Planets in ""Star Trek""s fictional timeline. Registry: USS ""Enterprise"" (XCV 330) Class: ""Declaration"" Service: circa 2130s Captain: Unknown This USS ""Enterprise"" (XCV 330) appears in """" (1979) among a series

the ""Enterprise""-E), under an official license from CBS. Starship Enterprise Enterprise or USS ""Enterprise (often referred to as the ""Starship ""Enterprise"") is the name of several fictional spacecraft, some of which are the main craft and setting for various television series and films in the ""Star Trek"" science fiction franchise. The most notable were Captain James T. Kirk's from the , and Captain Jean-Luc Picard's from """". Two spacecraft with the name ""Enterprise"" predate the United Federation of Planets in ""Star Trek""s fictional timeline. Registry: USS ""Enterprise"" (XCV 330) Class: ""Declaration"" Service: circa 2130s Captain: Unknown This USS ""Enterprise"" (XCV

"Space Shuttle Enterprise"
Space Shuttle Enterprise Space Shuttle ""Enterprise"" (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-101) was the first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system. Rolled out on September 17, 1976, it was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform atmospheric test flights after being launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of spaceflight. Originally, ""Enterprise"" had been intended to be refitted for orbital flight to become the second space-rated orbiter in service. However, during the construction of , details of the final design changed, making it

"Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)"
has a plywood hull, and was built in two months by a team of 12 people. A separate set was used for interior scenes as the mockup was too small for filming. This boxlike, utilitarian shape became the prototype of shuttles throughout ""Star Trek"". The shuttlecraft, named for Galileo Galilei, was first featured in ""The Galileo Seven"". Its registration number is NCC-1701/7 and carries a crew of seven. When ""Galileo"" and her crew go missing in the episode a second shuttlecraft called ""Columbus"" is launched. Once the shuttlecraft had been established, footage of them appeared in episodes including """", """",

""Star Trek"". Another ""Discovery"" producer, Greg Harberts isn't worried whether fans are satisfied with the ship's redesign: while many of the staff who developed the new appearance are ""Star Trek"" fans, Harberts stated fans rarely agree on anything. Starfleet commissioned the ""Enterprise"" in 2245. Robert April is the ""Enterprise""s first captain, succeeded by Christopher Pike. Pike leads the ""Enterprise"" for about a decade and is the commanding officer in the original pilot, ""The Cage"". Throughout the first live action and animated ""Star Trek"" television series, Captain James T. Kirk commands the ship on an exploration mission from 2264 to 2269.

on test aircraft because the location provides the most accurate readings for the test instruments, being mounted out in front of the disturbed airflow. ""Enterprise"" was equipped with Lockheed-manufactured zero-zero ejection seats like those its sister carried on its first four missions. Construction began on ""Enterprise"" on June 4, 1974. Designated OV-101, it was originally planned to be named ""Constitution"" and unveiled on Constitution Day, September 17, 1976. Fans of asked US President Gerald Ford, through a letter-writing campaign, to name the orbiter after the television show's fictional starship, USS ""Enterprise"". White House advisors cited ""hundreds of thousands of letters""

"USS Voyager (Star Trek)"
is later able to establish regular communication. After a seven-year journey, during which the acquisition of new technologies and assistance from various allies had already enabled the ship to travel a distance that otherwise would have taken 35 years, the ship returned to the Alpha Quadrant via a Borg transwarp conduit. The 15-deck (257 rooms), 700,000 ton ""Voyager"" was built at the Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards and launched from Earth Station McKinley. ""Voyager"" was equipped with 47 bio-neural gel packs and two holodecks. It was the first ship with a class-9 warp drive, allowing for a maximum sustainable speed of

an instrumental role in the founding of several proto-Federation alliances. ""Enterprise"" had significant engagements with the Klingons, Suliban, Xindi and the Romulans and playing a central role in the ""Temporal Cold War."" It is also featured as a model in ""Star Trek Into Darkness"". Three ships named USS ""Enterprise"" are featured in the original """" television series and the through seventh ""Star Trek"" films. Registry: Class: ""Constitution"" Service: 2245–2285 (40 years) Captains: Robert April (James Doohan), Christopher Pike (Jeffrey Hunter, Sean Kenney), James T. Kirk (William Shatner), Willard Decker (Stephen Collins) The Federation's first ""Enterprise"" is the main setting of

"Escherichia coli"
Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ""Escherichia"" that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most ""E. coli"" strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination. The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K, and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship. ""E. coli"" is

"Escherichia coli in molecular biology"
Escherichia coli in molecular biology Escherichia coli (; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). The descendants of two isolates, K-12 and B strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism. ""Escherichia coli"" is one of the most diverse bacterial species, with several pathogenic strains with different symptoms and with only 20% of the genome common to all strains. Furthermore, from the evolutionary point of view, the members of genus ""Shigella"" (""dysenteriae"", ""flexneri"", ""boydii"", ""sonnei"") are actually ""E. coli"" strains ""in disguise""

from other, closely related bacteria such as ""Salmonella"", this innovation may mark a speciation event observed in the lab. Escherichia coli in molecular biology Escherichia coli (; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). The descendants of two isolates, K-12 and B strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism. ""Escherichia coli"" is one of the most diverse bacterial species, with several pathogenic strains with different symptoms and with only 20% of the genome common to all strains. Furthermore, from the evolutionary

"Pathogenic Escherichia coli"
Pathogenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli ( Anglicized to ; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most ""E. coli"" strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls. ""E. coli"" are also responsible for a majority of cases of urinary tract infections. The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K, and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within

(""""Bacterium triloculare"""") was missing. Following a revision of ""Bacterium"", it was reclassified as ""Bacillus coli"" by Migula in 1895 and later reclassified in the newly created genus ""Escherichia"", named after its original discoverer. Bacterium coli has since been used for biological lab experiment research, infection can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal injury. In 1996 the world's worst outbreak of ""E. coli"" food poisoning occurred in Wishaw, Scotland, killing 20 people. Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus

65,000 generations in the laboratory. For instance, ""E. coli"" typically do not have the ability to grow aerobically with citrate as a carbon source, which is used as a diagnostic criterion with which to differentiate ""E. coli"" from other, closely, related bacteria such as ""Salmonella"". In this experiment, one population of ""E. coli"" unexpectedly evolved the ability to aerobically metabolize citrate, a major evolutionary shift with some hallmarks of microbial speciation. ""E. coli"" is the type species of the genus (""Escherichia"") and in turn ""Escherichia"" is the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, where the family name does not stem

(i.e. ""E. coli"" is paraphyletic to the genus). In 1885, Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician, first discovered this species in the feces of healthy individuals and called it ""Bacterium coli commune"" because it is found in the colon and early classifications of Prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility (at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of Bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). Following a revision of Bacteria it was reclassified as ""Bacillus coli"" by Migula in 1895 and later reclassified as ""Escherichia coli"". Due to its ease of culture and fast

""E. coli"" occurs at 37 °C (98.6 °F), but some laboratory strains can multiply at temperatures up to 49 °C (120 °F). ""E. coli"" grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as lysogeny broth, or any medium that contains glucose, ammonium phosphate monobasic, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate, dibasic, and water. Growth can be driven by aerobic or anaerobic respiration, using a large variety of redox pairs, including the oxidation of pyruvic acid, formic acid, hydrogen, and amino acids, and the reduction of substrates such as oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trimethylamine N-oxide. ""E. coli"" is

being performed attempting to program ""E. coli"" to solve complicated mathematics problems, such as the Hamiltonian path problem. In 1885, the German-Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich discovered this organism in the feces of healthy individuals. He called it ""Bacterium coli commune"" because it is found in the colon. Early classifications of prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility (at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). ""Bacterium coli"" was the type species of the now invalid genus ""Bacterium"" when it was revealed that the former type species

is not damaged by penicillin. Strains that possess flagella are motile. The flagella have a peritrichous arrangement. It also attaches and effaces to the microvilli of the intestines via an adhesion molecule known as intimin. ""E. coli"" can live on a wide variety of substrates and uses mixed-acid fermentation in anaerobic conditions, producing lactate, succinate, ethanol, acetate, and carbon dioxide. Since many pathways in mixed-acid fermentation produce hydrogen gas, these pathways require the levels of hydrogen to be low, as is the case when ""E. coli"" lives together with hydrogen-consuming organisms, such as methanogens or sulphate-reducing bacteria. Optimum growth of

rain sleet or snow that contains a high concentration of acids is called

"Acid rain"
is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health. ""Acid rain"" is a popular term referring to the deposition of a mixture from wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloudwater, and dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gases) acidic components. Distilled water, once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7

cloud droplets). Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of precipitation (rain, snow, and so on.) removes acids from the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface. This can result from the deposition of acids produced in the raindrops (see aqueous phase chemistry above) or by the precipitation removing the acids either in clouds or below clouds. Wet removal of both gases and aerosols are both of importance for wet deposition. Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in the absence of precipitation. This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60% of total acid deposition.

Rain
due to low level wind convergence downwind of the island edges. Offshore California, this has been noted in the wake of cold fronts. Rainbands within tropical cyclones are curved in orientation. Tropical cyclone rainbands contain showers and thunderstorms that, together with the eyewall and the eye, constitute a hurricane or tropical storm. The extent of rainbands around a tropical cyclone can help determine the cyclone's intensity. The phrase ""acid rain"" was first used by Scottish chemist Robert Augus Smith in 1852. The pH of rain varies, especially due to its origin. On America's East Coast, rain that is derived from

are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline. ""Clean"" or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually no lower than 5.7, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid according to the following reaction: Carbonic acid then can ionize in water forming low concentrations of carbonate and hydronium ions: However, unpolluted rain can also contain other chemicals which affect its pH (acidity level). A common example is nitric acid produced by electric discharge in the atmosphere such as lightning. Acid deposition as an environmental issue (discussed

Caliente crater of Poás Volcano create extremely high amounts of acid rain and fog, with acidity as high as a pH of 2, clearing an area of any vegetation and frequently causing irritation to the eyes and lungs of inhabitants in nearby settlements. Acid-producing gasses are also created by biological processes that occur on the land, in wetlands, and in the oceans. The major biological source of sulphur containing compounds is dimethyl sulfide. Nitric acid in rainwater is an important source of fixed nitrogen for plant life, and is also produced by electrical activity in the atmosphere such as lightning.

Acid rain Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulphur dioxide

Rain
the Atlantic Ocean typically has a pH of 5.0–5.6; rain that comes across the continental from the west has a pH of 3.8–4.8; and local thunderstorms can have a pH as low as 2.0. Rain becomes acidic primarily due to the presence of two strong acids, sulfuric acid (HSO) and nitric acid (HNO). Sulfuric acid is derived from natural sources such as volcanoes, and wetlands (sulfate reducing bacteria); and anthropogenic sources such as the combustion of fossil fuels, and mining where HS is present. Nitric acid is produced by natural sources such as lightning, soil bacteria, and natural fires; while

converted to acids and deposited. In the past, factories had short funnels to let out smoke but this caused many problems locally; thus, factories now have taller smoke funnels. However, dispersal from these taller stacks causes pollutants to be carried farther, causing widespread ecological damage. Combustion of fuels produces sulphur dioxide and nitric oxides. They are converted into sulphuric acid and nitric acid. In the gas phase sulphur dioxide is oxidized by reaction with the hydroxyl radical via an intermolecular reaction: which is followed by: In the presence of water, sulphur trioxide (SO) is converted rapidly to sulphuric acid: Nitrogen

later in the article) would include additional acids other than . The corrosive effect of polluted, acidic city air on limestone and marble was noted in the 17th century by John Evelyn, who remarked upon the poor condition of the Arundel marbles. Since the Industrial Revolution, emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere have increased. In 1852, Robert Angus Smith was the first to show the relationship between acid rain and atmospheric pollution in Manchester, England. Though acidic rain was discovered in 1853, it was not until the late 1960s that scientists began widely observing and studying

"Grammy Award for Best New Artist"
four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year: Bob Newhart in 1961, Christopher Cross in 1981, Lauryn Hill in 1999, and Norah Jones in 2003. Of all the winners, only one (Esperanza Spalding) has been a jazz artist and only three have been country artists. In 1997, LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award. She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010. Additionally, 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year,

occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album. The award was revoked, but was not handed out to another artist. Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception, the honor has been presented to 26 solo female artists, 18 duos or groups, and 11 solo male artists. Between 1997 and 2003, all the winners were solo female artists. Also, from 1993 to 2005, no winner was a solo male artist. In 2006, John Legend broke this trend, which started with Marc Cohn in 1992. Only

Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for records released in the previous year. The award was not presented in 1967. The official guidelines are as follows: ""For a new artist who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist."" Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist. It is sometimes asserted, with varying degrees of sincerity, that winning the award is a curse,

in which Maren Morris and Kelsea Ballerini were both nominated. 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside the United States (Winner Culture Club, Eurythmics, and Musical Youth were from England, Big Country was from Scotland, and Men Without Hats were from Canada). Over the years, the eligibility rules for this category have changed several times. In 2010, Lady Gaga's exclusion from the Best New Artist category caused the Recording Academy to change eligibility requirements for the next ceremony. She was ineligible for the nomination because her hit ""Just Dance"" had been nominated in 2008.

as several award winners (particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year. This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1's ""100 Greatest One Hit Wonders"": ""We got two of the five Grammys – one was Best New Artist. So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who's gotten it since."" The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated. This

is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.<br> General Specific Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for records released in the previous year. The award was not presented in 1967. The official guidelines are as follows: ""For a new artist who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist."" Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist. It is

"Grammy Award for Best New Classical Artist"
Grammy Award for Best New Classical Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Classical Artist was an honor presented to classical artists at the 28th Grammy Awards in 1986. The Grammy Awards, an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards, are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to ""honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position"". The equivalent award known as Most Promising New Classical Recording Artist was first presented to André Watts at

"Grammy Award for Song of the Year"
Bruno Mars.) Multiple winners in this category include Henry Mancini (1962 and 1964), Johnny Mercer (1962 and 1964), James Horner (1988 and 1999), Will Jennings (1993 and 1999) U2 (2001 and 2006) and Adele (2012 and 2017), winning two times each. However, songs written for Andy Williams, Barbra Streisand, Bette Midler, and Roberta Flack have received this award twice. Christopher Cross is the first artist to receive the Grammy Award for Song of the Year as well as for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, and Best New Artist in one ceremony. Adele is the first female artist

"Grammy Award for Best New Age Album"
and some of its negative connotations. As of 2015, Paul Winter holds the record for the most wins in this category, having won six times (four times as the leader of the group Paul Winter Consort). Winter is the only musician to win the award consecutively; he received an award in 1994 for ""Spanish Angel"" as a member of his ensemble and another in 1995 for ""Prayer for the Wild Things"" as a solo artist. Irish musician Enya has received four awards. Kitarō holds the record for the most nominations, with sixteen (as of 2018, with only one win (in

Awards (1964) included André Watts for ""Liszt: Concerto No. 1 for Piano and Orchestra"" (with Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic). The award was presented to Watts at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. For the 7th Grammy Awards (1965), nominees included Marilyn Horne for ""The Age of Bel Canto: Operatic Scenes"" (Bonynge, conductor). The award was presented to Horne. The classical radio station WQXR-FM included Horne's win in their list of the ""Top 5 Classical Events of 1964–65"", claiming her ""triumphant debut"" at Covent Garden as the character Marie in Alban Berg's opera ""Wozzeck"" along with her

a Christmas tree. August Imgard, a German immigrant living in Wooster, Ohio, is said to be the first to popularize the practice of decorating a tree with candy canes. In 1847, Imgard cut a blue spruce tree from a woods outside town, had the Wooster village tinsmith construct a star, and placed the tree in his house, decorating it with paper ornaments, gilded nuts and Kuchen. German immigrant Charles Minnegerode accepted a position as a professor of humanities at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1842, where he taught Latin and Greek. Entering into the social

Lost in Space (2018 TV series) Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series based on a reimagining of the 1965 series of the same name (itself a reimagining of the 1812 novel ""The Swiss Family Robinson""), following the adventures of a family of space colonists whose spaceship veers off course. Produced by Legendary Television, Synthesis Entertainment, Clickety-Clack Productions, and Applebox Entertainment, the show is written by Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless, with Zack Estrin serving as showrunner. Netflix released the series on April 13, 2018, renewing it the following month for a second season. In the aftermath

in September 2018, in Iceland, and is set to conclude in January 2019. The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix. On March 31, 2018, the series pilot was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C.. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.21/10, based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: """"Lost in Space""s production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a

was announced that Legendary Television and Synthesis Entertainment were developing a new reboot of ""Lost in Space"" and had hired screenwriting duo Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless to pen the pilot episodes. In November 2015, Netflix landed the project. On June 29, 2016, Netflix ordered a full 10 episode season of ""Lost in Space"", with Zack Estrin as executive producer and showrunner. Sazama, Sharpless, Kevin Burns, Jon Jashni, Neil Marshall, and Marc Helwig also serve as executive producers. Production on the first season began in February 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded in July 2017. Season 2 began production

of an impact event that threatens the survival of humanity, the Robinson family is selected for the 24th mission of the ""Resolute"" (24th Colonist Group), an interstellar spacecraft carrying selected families to colonize the Alpha Centauri star system. Before they reach their destination, an alien robot breaches the ""Resolute""s hull. Forced to evacuate the mothership in short-range ""Jupiter"" spacecraft, scores of colonists, among them the Robinsons, crash on a nearby habitable planet. There they must contend with a strange environment and battle their own personal demons as they search for a way back to the ""Resolute"". In October 2014, it

"Final Space"
aired as a sneak peek on TBS's sister network TNT on February 17, 2018. The series premiered on TBS on February 26, 2018 and was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2018 with this season having 13 episodes instead of 10. It is scheduled to air sometime in 2019. The show is distributed internationally via Netflix, and in select territories as a Netflix Original. Gary Goodspeed is a boisterous yet inept astronaut who, in the midst of working off the last few days of his five-year sentence aboard the prison spacecraft ""Galaxy One"", encounters a mysterious planet-destroying alien.

"Lost In Oz (TV series)"
out of magic, Dorothy and her friends must outwit Guph to retrieve the Nome King's Belt and save Emerald City. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Lost In Oz (TV series) Lost In Oz is an animated series that premiered in full on August 7, 2017 streaming on Amazon Video. Originally part of a pilot program, the pilot episode was later re-released as Lost in Oz: Extended Adventure in November 2, 2016, combining the first three episodes. The full series was released later. Dorothy Gale is a precocious child who, with her dog Toto, is swept up to the Land of Oz without a clear

"Legends of the Lost with Megan Fox"
Legends of the Lost with Megan Fox Legends of the Lost with Megan Fox is an American docu-series starring and co-created by Megan Fox that premiered on December 4, 2018 on the Travel Channel. In the docu-series, we learn that ""Fox has been obsessed since an early age with the history of ancient cultures, people and places — always questioning their documented story."" We follow her ""embarking on an epic and personal journey across the globe"" where Fox, archaeologists and experts will ""re-examine history, asking tough questions and challenging the conventional wisdom that has existed for centuries"". Among other themes,

responding to a question on Twitter, Olan Rogers revealed that ""Final Space"" would be showcased by TBS at San Diego Comic-Con and VidCon in 2017. ""Final Space"" premiered on Reddit on February 15, 2018, followed by an AMA with Rogers. This would mark a first for a TV network to premiere a series on the site. TBS's sister network TNT aired a sneak peek premiere of the show on February 17, 2018, after the 2018 NBA All-Star Weekend. After airing on TBS, the pilot aired two hours later on TBS' sister channel Cartoon Network under its adult-oriented programming block Adult

"Organ Mountains"
Organ Mountains The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County. The Organ Mountains are near the southern end of a long line of mountains on the east side of the Rio Grande's rift valley. The range is nearly contiguous with the San Andres Mountains to the north and the Franklin Mountains to the south, but is very different geologically. Whereas the San Andres and

executive authority on Wednesday, May 21, 2014. White House press secretary Jay Carney stated that ""By establishing the monument, the president will permanently protect more than 496,000 acres to preserve the prehistoric, historic and scientific values of the area for the benefit of all Americans."" Organ Mountains The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County. The Organ Mountains are near the southern end of

New Mexico occurring within it. The flora differs greatly between the three sections of the mountain range, with the two igneous sections (The Needles and the central extrusive portion) sharing relatively few species with the southern limestone portions. The limestone section includes some of the northernmost populations of lechuguilla (""Agave lecheguilla""), often considered an indicator species of the Chihuahuan Desert, whereas the igneous sections of the range include all of the endemic taxa and have botanical affinity with Madrean flora typical of the southwestern sky islands. The first documented climbs of Organ Mountain peaks were in the early 1890s, but

"Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument"
Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument The Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument is a United States National Monument in the state of New Mexico, managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. The monument is located in the Mesilla Valley in southern New Mexico, surrounding the city of Las Cruces in Doña Ana County. The protected area includes several mountain ranges of the Chihuahuan Desert. The five identified as being within the national monument are the Robledo Mountains, Sierra de las Uvas, Doña Ana Mountains, Organ Mountains and Potrillo Mountains. The Prehistoric Trackways National

Mountains are separated from the Organ Mountains by a 10-mile wide low area known as Anthony Gap. Much of this intervening land is part of Fort Bliss. The Organ Mountains are made up of three major sections: The Organ Mountains is a botanically diverse mountain range in New Mexico, with approximately 870 vascular plant species. Several of these, including the Organ Mountains evening-primrose (""Oenothera organensis"") and smooth figwort (""Scrophularia laevis""), are endemic to the mountain range and occur only in small, scattered populations. The range also has a high diversity in ferns, with 30 of the 56 species reported for

most were done in the mid-1950s by climbers stationed at nearby Fort Bliss Army Base. The most prominent of these was R.L Ingraham, whose ""Guide to Climbing in the Organ Mountains"" remains a definitive reference. The Bureau of Land Management maintains hiking trails accessed from four sites in the Organ Mountains: The southern limestone section is difficult to access and rarely visited. Bishop's Cap can be reached through rugged dirt roads, but has no developed trails. Rattlesnake Ridge is entirely within Fort Bliss and closed to the general public. President Obama designated the Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks a national monument by

Monument is nearby. The monument protects a large variety of geological, paleontological and archaeological resources. President Barack Obama designated the monument on May 21, 2014. Half of the monument is designated wilderness and closed to development or motorized use. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks protects many archaeological and cultural sites of interest. Before the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, this land included the border between Mexico and the United States. The Aden Lava Flow Wilderness Study Area is here and there are 243 known archaeological sites within the monument, including some of the earliest Native American settlements and petroglyphs known from three different

"Organ Needle"
northeast in only , and above Las Cruces, giving it as large and as steep a degree of local relief as any peak in the state, including Big Hatchet Peak, Sandia Crest, and Shiprock. Climbing Organ Needle involves tricky route-finding, a vertical gain of about and a difficult scramble (). Organ Needle Organ Needle is the highest point of the Organ Mountains in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It lies in Doña Ana County, east-northeast of Las Cruces and southwest of White Sands, headquarters of the White Sands Missile Range. It is at the southeast

Franklin Mountains are both formed from west-dipping fault blocks of mostly sedimentary strata (with limestone most prominent), the Organ Mountains are made primarily of igneous rock (intrusive granite and extrusive rhyolite). Their name reflects their similarity in appearance (particularly the granite ""needles"" in the highest part of the range) with pipes that would be part of a pipe organ. The San Andres Mountains-(southern subrange of San Augustin Mountains), are separated from the Organ Mountains by San Augustin Pass, through which U.S. Highway 70 passes on its way to White Sands Missile Range, White Sands National Monument and Alamogordo. The Franklin

Organ Needle Organ Needle is the highest point of the Organ Mountains in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It lies in Doña Ana County, east-northeast of Las Cruces and southwest of White Sands, headquarters of the White Sands Missile Range. It is at the southeast end of a narrow ridge of vertically jointed granite (more specifically, quartz monzonite) called The Needles. Organ Needle is one of the most dramatic peaks in the state. True to its name, it is a steep, pointed summit. Moreover, it rises above the edge of the Tularosa Basin to the

creating appropriation bills falls under which power of congress

"Origination Clause"
Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. The federal Constitution was written in 1787 and adopted in 1789. Prior to 1787, several state constitutions followed British practice by providing that ""money bills"" must start in the more representative branch of the state legislature. Vesting the power of origination in the U.S. House of Representatives was part of the Great Compromise, in which the framers also agreed to allow equality in the Senate regardless of a state's population, while creating representation based on a State's population in

"Appropriation Act"
by the preamble, which is different from the normal British public general Act of Parliament preamble in that it includes additional text before the normal preamble: Whereas the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled have resolved to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund towards making good the supply which they have granted to Her Majesty in this Session of Parliament:— Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament

"Appropriation bill"
occur, or passage of a special appropriations bill known as a continuing resolution, which generally permits continued spending for a short period of time—usually at prior year levels. The Anti-Deficiency Act makes void any attempt to spend money for which there is no current appropriation. According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin

"Appropriation (law)"
the assignment of money for a special purpose. In the United Kingdom an appropriation act appropriating various sums to government departments and quangos, as set out by the government. In the United States, an appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year. The ""fiscal year"" is the accounting period of the American federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30

the House. The framers adopted the Great Compromise on July 16, 1787. At that point, the draft clause stated: ""all bills for raising or appropriating money. ... shall originate in the [representative house], and shall not be altered or amended by the [other house]. ... "" The Origination Clause was modified later in 1787 to reduce the House's power by allowing the Senate to amend revenue bills, and by removing appropriation bills from the scope of the clause (the House and Senate have disagreed on the latter point). However, a proposal was defeated that would have reduced the House's power

resignation of the Government (unlikely, since there is usually no alternative Government immediately available) or to a dissolution of the House and a subsequent general election. Under the U.S. presidential system, the support of the Congress for the President's appropriations requests is not necessary for the separately elected President to remain in office, but can severely limit the President's ability to govern effectively. In the United States, there are two types of appropriations. When Congress sets up particular programs, the legislation may itself set up the necessary appropriation mechanism, such as the social security program where payment of benefits are

of the following year. The United States Constitution (art. I. § 9) says: ""No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law."" This places the responsibility and power of deciding appropriations under the jurisdiction of the United States House Committee on Appropriations and the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. Both committees have twelve matching subcommittees, each tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Appropriations bills in the United States can also come in the format of an omnibus spending bill, a continuing resolution, or a supplemental appropriation

assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— Until 2000 an older form of preamble was used: Most Gracious Sovereign, WE, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled, towards making good the supply which we have cheerfully granted to Your Majesty in this Session of Parliament, have resolved to grant unto Your Majesty the sums hereinafter mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted and be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the

with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Other Committees and lawmakers in Congress write legislation creating programs and reauthorizing old ones to continue. This legislation is called an authorization bill. In this legislation, they ""authorize"" these programs to exist, and they authorize the expenditure of funds on them, but they cannot actually give them the money. That second step, of granting the money, is done in an appropriations bill. The appropriations committees have power because they can decide whether to fund these programs at the maximum level authorized, a lesser amount, or not at all. Appropriations

Origination Clause The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, is Article I, Section 7, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution. This clause says that all bills for raising revenue must start in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as in the case of other bills. The Origination Clause stemmed from a British parliamentary practice that all money bills must have their first reading (and any other initial readings) in the House of Commons before being sent to the House of Lords. This practice was intended to ensure that the power of

Fellowship of the Ring"" makes extensive use of digital, practical and make-up special effects throughout. One notable illusion used in almost every scene involved setting a proper scale so that the characters all appear to be the correct height. For example, Elijah Wood is tall in real life, but his character Frodo Baggins is barely four feet in height. A variety of techniques were used to depict the hobbits and Gimli the Dwarf as being of diminutive stature. Fortunately, John-Rhys Davies – who played Gimli – happens to be the correct height in proportion to the hobbit actors, so did

"The Hobbit (film series)"
other source material, such as Gandalf's investigation at Dol Guldur, and the pursuit of Azog and Bolg, who seek vengeance against Thorin and his kindred. The films feature an ensemble cast that also includes James Nesbitt, Ken Stott, Evangeline Lilly, Lee Pace and Luke Evans, with several actors reprising their roles from ""The Lord of the Rings"", including Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood, and Andy Serkis. The films also feature Manu Bennett, Sylvester McCoy, Stephen Fry, Mikael Persbrandt, Barry Humphries, and Lawrence Makoare. Also returning for production, among others, were illustrators John Howe

ether. But I would love to go back to work with Peter Jackson. It would be an honour."" 19 June 2011, it was revealed that several other cast members had joined the project, including Luke Evans in the role of Bard the Bowman, Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel, Barry Humphries as the Great Goblin and Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug and The Necromancer. Cumberbatch portrayed both of his roles through motion capture, as did Humphries for his character. The casting of Cumberbatch was prematurely revealed by his ""Sherlock"" co-star Martin Freeman during the BAFTA Television Awards in May 2011. Speculations of his

Battle of the Five Armies"". Additional musicians, including two gamelan orchestras, and the London Voices and Tiffin' boys choir, augmented the orchestra. Musicians Neil Finn and Ed Sheeran contributed to the score as well as some actors including Richard Armitage and the cast of dwarves, James Nesbitt and Barry Humphries (in the extended edition). Clara Sanabras and Grace Davidson sang the soprano parts. As with ""The Lord of the Rings"" trilogy, Weta Digital was involved in the creation of special effects. However, as opposed to ""The Lord of the Rings"", where the actors who played Orcs portrayed them through full-body

"The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)"
used the footage in the film. Many of the actors who contributed voices to this production also acted out their parts for rotoscoped scenes. The actions of Bilbo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee were performed by Billy Barty, while Sharon Baird served as the performance model for Frodo Baggins. Other performers used on the rotoscoping session included John A. Neris as Gandalf, Walt Robles as Aragorn, Felix Silla as Gollum, Jeri Lea Ray as Galadriel and Aesop Aquarian as Gimli. Although some cel animation was produced and shot for the film, very little of it appears in the final film. Most

"Ian McKellen, roles and awards"
in the live-action adaptation of ""Beauty and the Beast"" (2017). Ian McKellen, roles and awards Ian McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English stage and screen actor. He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Academy Award nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations. McKellen's work spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. His notable film roles include Gandalf in ""The Lord of the Rings"" and ""The Hobbit"" trilogies, Magneto in the ""X-Men"" films, Sir Leigh Teabing in ""The Da Vinci

"John Rhys-Davies"
including facial expressions and his voice and was recorded primarily at the Imaginarium studios in the UK. He is also known for his popular portrayal of the dwarf Gimli in ""The Lord of the Rings"" trilogy. The cinematography of the films was aided in that Rhys-Davies is tall – , compared to the actors playing hobbits at around . Therefore, although his character was supposed to be short, he was properly in proportion compared to the hobbit actors. Had he been of more similar height, shots of the entire fellowship would have required three camera passes rather than two. Rhys-Davies

"Rob Inglis"
the music for the songs himself, some music was composed by Tolkien, and Claudia Howard of Recorded Books composed the rest. Rob Inglis Robert Inglis (born in 1933) is an actor, writer, journalist, critic and producer who has primarily worked in Australia and England. He is the narrator of the unabridged audiobook editions of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" and ""The Hobbit"". Inglis was born in Australia but has lived and worked in England for many years. As of 2012, he lives in Somers Town, a district in central London. His plays include ""Voyage of the

handed off to Samwise Gamgee ... The fictional book and either the telling from it or the reading of it, will establish Frodo in the film experiencing Bilbo's story. Viewers are to learn the tale of 'The Hobbit' as a familiar Frodo gets the tale as well."" On 10 January 2011, it was confirmed that Ian McKellen and Andy Serkis would reprise their respective roles of Gandalf the Grey and Gollum from ""The Lord of the Rings"" film trilogy. Although both actors were expected to return for their roles McKellen was previously quoted in July 2010 on TVNZ's ""Good Morning""

end all wars"" that would ""make the world safe for democracy"", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. Britain used its large navy to prevent cargo vessels entering German ports, mainly by intercepting them in the North Sea between the coasts of Scotland and Norway. The wider sea approaches to Britain and France, their distance from German harbours and the smaller size of the German surface fleet all made it harder for

American entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war and broker a peace in Europe. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders and among women in general. On the other hand, even before World War I

role in the conflict. Under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson, the war represented the climax of the Progressive Era as it sought to bring reform and democracy to the world, although there was substantial public opposition to U.S. entry into the war. The American entry into World War I came on April 6, 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for

the superiority of German culture. As more nations were drawn into the conflict, however, the English-languages press increasingly supporting Britain, while the German-American media called for neutrality while also defending Germany's position. Chicago's Germans worked to secure a complete embargo on all arms shipments to Europe. In 1916, large crowds in Chicago's Germania celebrated the Kaiser's birthday, something they had not done before the war. German Americans in early 1917 still called for neutrality, but proclaimed that if a war came they would be loyal to the United States. By this point, they had been excluded almost entirely from national

and hoped that close Anglo-American cooperation would be the guiding principle of postwar international organization. The Preparedness movement had a ""realistic"" philosophy of world affairs—they believed that economic strength and military muscle were more decisive than idealistic crusades focused on causes like democracy and national self-determination. Emphasizing over and over the weak state of national defenses, they showed that America's 100,000-man Army even augmented by the 112,000 National Guardsmen, was outnumbered 20 to one by Germany's army, which was drawn from a smaller population. Similarly in 1915, the armed forces of Great Britain and the British empire (the world's most

Morgan's bank in New York, was designated as the primary financial agent to the British government in 1914 after successful lobbying by the British ambassador, Sir Cecil Spring Rice. The same bank would later take a similar role in France and would offer extensive financial assistance to both warring nations. J.P. Morgan &Co. became the primary issuer of loans to the French government by raising money from American investors. Morgan, Harjes, the House of Morgan's French affiliated bank, controlled the majority of the wartime financial dealings between the House of Morgan and the French government after primary issuances of debt

just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for ""a war to end all wars"" that would ""make the world safe for democracy"", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British

way he has popularized and re-energized the notion of shooting among the youth. History of basketball The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then throughout the world. After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became

first idea and the game played today. The peach baskets were closed, and balls had to be retrieved manually, until a small hole was put in the bottom of the peach basket to poke the ball out using a stick. Only in 1906 were metal hoops, nets and backboards introduced. Moreover, earlier the soccer ball was replaced by a Spalding ball, similar to the one used today. The YMCA had a major role in spreading basketball throughout the United States, Canada, and the world. In 1893, Mel Rideout arranged the first European match in Paris, in Montmartre. At the same

through what process has the colorado river created the grand canyon in the usa

"Grand Canyon"
The great depth of the Grand Canyon and especially the height of its strata (most of which formed below sea level) can be attributed to () of uplift of the Colorado Plateau, starting about 65 million years ago (during the Laramide Orogeny). This uplift has steepened the stream gradient of the Colorado River and its tributaries, which in turn has increased their speed and thus their ability to cut through rock (see the elevation summary of the Colorado River for present conditions). Weather conditions during the ice ages also increased the amount of water in the Colorado River drainage system.

Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon (Hopi: ""Ongtupqa""; , Navajo: ""Tsékooh Hatsoh"", Spanish: ""Gran Cañón"") is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area, and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy

the scenery. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of

Gorge in Nepal is much deeper). However, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent. Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward and created the Colorado Plateau. The higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change

The ancestral Colorado River responded by cutting its channel faster and deeper. The base level and course of the Colorado River (or its ancestral equivalent) changed 5.3 million years ago when the Gulf of California opened and lowered the river's base level (its lowest point). This increased the rate of erosion and cut nearly all of the Grand Canyon's current depth by 1.2 million years ago. The terraced walls of the canyon were created by differential erosion. Between 100,000 and 3 million years ago, volcanic activity deposited ash and lava over the area which at times completely obstructed the river.

from Arizona's copper smelter region, borne on southerly or southeasterly winds during the monsoon. Airborne soils originate with windy conditions and road dust. Organic particles result from vehicle emissions, long-range transport from urban areas, and forest fires, as well as from VOCs emitted by vegetation in the surrounding forests. Nitrates, carried in from urban areas, stationary sources, and vehicle emissions; as well as black carbon from forest fires and vehicle emissions, also contribute to a lesser extent. A number of actions have been taken to preserve and further improve air quality and visibility at the canyon. In 1990, amendments to

"Grand Canyon National Park"
users."" In 2010, Grand Canyon National Park was honored with its own coin under the America the Beautiful Quarters program. The Grand Canyon, including its extensive system of tributary canyons, is valued for its combination of size, depth, and exposed layers of colorful rocks dating back to Precambrian times. The canyon itself was created by the incision of the Colorado River and its tributaries after the Colorado Plateau was uplifted, causing the Colorado River system to develop along its present path. The primary public areas of the park are the South and North Rims, and adjacent areas of the canyon

Buttes, near the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado rivers. The disaster killed all 128 passengers and crew members aboard both planes. This accident led to the institution of high-altitude airways and direct radar observation of aircraft (known as positive control) by en route ground controllers. History Travel and sites Multimedia Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon (Hopi: ""Ongtupqa""; , Navajo: ""Tsékooh Hatsoh"", Spanish: ""Gran Cañón"") is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent

years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540. The Grand Canyon is a river valley in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata, and is also one of the six distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province. It is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki

slopes receive the full amount of sunlight and are covered in vegetation typical of the Sonoran Desert. Of the 90 mammal species found along the Colorado River corridor, 18 are rodents and 22 are bats. The Park contains several major ecosystems. Its great biological diversity can be attributed to the presence of five of the seven life zones and three of the four desert types in North America. The five life zones represented are the Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, Transition, Canadian, and Hudsonian. This is equivalent to traveling from Mexico to Canada. Differences in elevation and the resulting variations in

"Kleiber's law"
a biological system, the system's metabolic rate was, at first, taken to be , because energy was thought of mostly in terms of heat energy. Metabolic rate was expressed in energy per unit time, specifically calories per second. Two thirds expressed the relation of the square of the radius to the cube of the radius of a sphere, with the volume of the sphere increasing faster than the surface area, with increases in radius. This was purportedly the reason large creatures lived longer than small ones – that is, as they got bigger they lost less energy per unit volume

of ATP are its ultimate factors. The data from study of oxygen consumption metabolic rates in cells in vitro suggests that the exponent is not only far less than , but also becomes negative for things less than one gram in size. Furthermore, glycogenesis is excluded from metabolic consideration on this model since glycogenesis is not included in the respiratory chain, and is itself a reduction reaction not strictly dependent upon the proximity of certain molecules and atoms delivered by capillaries and vibrating from Brownian motion. Energy is required for glycogenesis, and the blood does not deliver energy, just the

"Basal metabolic rate"
an intake of oxygen along with coenzymes to provide energy for survival (usually from macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and expel carbon dioxide, due to processing by the Krebs cycle. For the BMR, most of the energy is consumed in maintaining fluid levels in tissues through osmoregulation, and only about one-tenth is consumed for mechanical work, such as digestion, heartbeat, and breathing. What enables the Krebs cycle to perform metabolic changes to fats, carbohydrates, and proteins is energy, which can be defined as the ability or capacity to do work. The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules—associated with

"Glucose cycle"
Glucose cycle The glucose cycle (also known as the hepatic futile cycle) occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic balance between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream. The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions; the homeostasis of glucose in the blood stream. When the blood glucose level is too high, glucose can be stored in the liver as glycogen. When the level is too low, the glycogen can be catabolised and glucose may re-enter the blood stream. The catabolic process occurs at

"Second law of thermodynamics"
fair approximation, living organisms may be considered as examples of (b). Approximately, an animal's physical state cycles by the day, leaving the animal nearly unchanged. Animals take in food, water, and oxygen, and, as a result of metabolism, give out breakdown products and heat. Plants take in radiative energy from the sun, which may be regarded as heat, and carbon dioxide and water. They give out oxygen. In this way they grow. Eventually they die, and their remains rot away, turning mostly back into carbon dioxide and water. This can be regarded as a cyclic process. Overall, the sunlight is

than 100% in the case of plants. The key problem is the nature of metabolic energy and the extent of what is considered metabolism. The problem is most clearly noticeable in the unit term for metabolic rate, i.e., calories/s. Calories are a measure of heat energy. This leads to the idea that thermogenesis is part of metabolism, Kleiber's original treatment, and rules out that metabolism is all about chemical energy, not heat energy. The picture is further obfuscated when the idea of respiratory metabolism is introduced to refine and limit the definition of metabolism such that oxygen consumption and synthesis

well as allosteric regulation of both hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase. A deficiency in glucose 6-phosphatase that disrupts the liver glucose cycle, can lead to von Gierke's disease. Glucose cycle The glucose cycle (also known as the hepatic futile cycle) occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic balance between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream. The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions; the homeostasis of glucose in the blood stream. When the blood glucose level is too high, glucose can be stored in

of cells in the organism. Biologists point out that BMR cannot possibly account for motor activity even by this reckoning, and the equation is therefore of limited value either way. That metabolic efficiency should deviate from the favored high values is not part of the current debate, even though it creates inconsistencies within standard models, especially with regard to the nature of aging and the nature of the metabolic relation between the cell and the organism's mass. The standard versions of the equation's exponent (those that do not consider ME) cannot account for the wide variation in the lifetimes between

"Reverse Krebs cycle"
hydrogen, sulfide, or thiosulfate as electron donors. In this process, it can be seen as an alternative to the fixation of inorganic carbon in the reductive pentose phosphate cycle which occurs in a wide variety of microbes and higher organisms. The reaction is a possible candidate for prebiotic early-earth conditions and, so, is of interest in the research of the origin of life. It has been found that some non-consecutive steps of the cycle can be catalyzed by minerals through photochemistry, while entire two three-step sequences can be promoted by metal ions and iron (as reducing agent) under acidic conditions.

Kleiber's law Kleiber's law, named after Max Kleiber for his biology work in the early 1930s, is the observation that, for the vast majority of animals, an animal's metabolic rate scales to the ¾ power of the animal's mass. Symbolically: if ""q"" is the animal's metabolic rate, and ""M"" the animal's mass, then Kleiber's law states that ""q"" ~ ""M"". Thus, over the same timespan, a cat having a mass 100 times that of a mouse will consume only about 32 times the energy the mouse uses. In plants, the exponent is close to 1. Max Kleiber was born and

"Term limits in the United States"
term limits in Congress. After winning the majority, a Republican congressman brought a constitutional amendment to the House floor that proposed limiting members of the Senate to two six-year terms and members of the House to six two-year terms. However, this rate of rotation was so slow (the life-tenured Supreme Court averages in the vicinity of twelve years) that the congressional version of term-limits garnered little support among the populist backers of term limits, including U.S. Term Limits, the largest private organization pushing for congressional term limits. The bill got only a bare majority (227–204), falling short of the two-thirds

California, and the limits did not apply to individuals' prior terms. The governors of New Hampshire and Vermont may serve unlimited two-year terms. The governors (or equivalent) in the following states, district, and territory may serve unlimited four-year terms: Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The Governor of Utah was previously limited to serving three terms, but all term limit laws have since been repealed by the legislature. The following 15 legislatures have term limits: The following six legislatures have had their term limits nullified: Some

out of it. Reformers during the early 1990s used the initiative and referendum to put congressional term limits on the ballot in 24 states. Voters in eight of these states approved the congressional term limits by an average electoral margin of two to one. It was an open question whether states had the constitutional authority to enact these limits. In May 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5–4 in ""U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton"", , that states cannot impose term limits upon their federal Representatives or Senators. In the 1994 elections, part of the Republican platform included legislation for

Roosevelt (president, 1933–1945) in 1940 was the only president to break the tradition, winning a third term in 1940 and a fourth term in 1944. This gave rise to a successful move to formalize the traditional two-term limit by amending the U.S. Constitution. As ratified in 1951, the Twenty-Second Amendment provides that ""no person shall be elected to the office of President more than twice"". The new Amendment explicitly did not apply to the incumbent, President Harry S. Truman. However all his close advisors, pointing to his age, his failing abilities, and his poor showing in the polls, talked him

17 states where state legislators served in rotation, public support for term limits ranged from 60 to 78 percent. As of 2013, term limits at the federal level are restricted to the executive branch and some agencies. Judicial appointments at the federal level are made for life, and are not subject to election or to term limits. The U.S. Congress remains (since the Thornton decision of 1995) without electoral limits. The third president, Thomas Jefferson, started the tradition of presidential term limits by refusing to run for a third term in 1808. Everything the first president did obviously set a

Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and by statute in American Samoa. Unique in its restriction, Virginia prohibits its governors from serving ""consecutive"" terms, although former governors are reeligible after four years out of office. Many other states formerly had this prohibition, but all had eliminated it by 2000. The governors of the following states and territories are limited to two consecutive terms, but are reeligible after four years out of office: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee,

fifth Article stated that ""no person shall be capable of being a delegate [to the continental congress] for more than three years in any term of six years"". In contrast to the Articles of Confederation, the federal constitution convention at Philadelphia omitted mandatory term limits from the U.S. Constitution of 1789. At the convention, some delegates spoke passionately against term limits such as Rufus King, who said ""that he who has proved himself to be most fit for an Office, ought not to be excluded by the constitution from holding it."" The Electoral College, it was believed by some delegates

"Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
November 2000 interview with ""Rolling Stone"", out-going President Bill Clinton suggested that, given longer life expectancy, perhaps the 22nd Amendment should be altered so as to limit presidents to two ""consecutive"" terms. The first efforts in Congress to repeal the 22nd Amendment were undertaken in 1956, only five years after the amendment's ratification. According to the Congressional Research Service, over the ensuing half-century (through 2008) 54 joint resolutions seeking to repeal the two-term presidential election limit were introduced (primarily in the House); none were given serious consideration. Between 1997 and 2013, José E. Serrano (D-NY) introduced nine resolutions (one per

amended proposal was passed 59–23, with 16 Democrats in favor, on March 12. Several days later, the House agreed to the Senate's revisions, and on March 24, 1947, the constitutional amendment imposing term limitations on future Presidents was submitted to the states for ratification. The ratification process for the 22nd Amendment was completed on February 27, 1951, after it was sent to the states. Once submitted to the states, the 22nd Amendment was ratified by: Conversely, two states—Oklahoma and Massachusetts—rejected the amendment, while five (Arizona, Kentucky, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia) took no action. The 22nd Amendment's two-term limit

"Term limit"
In the Roman Republic, a law was passed imposing a limit of a single term on the office of censor. The annual magistrates—tribune of the plebs, aedile, quaestor, praetor, and consul—were forbidden reelection until a number of years had passed. (see ""cursus honorum"", Constitution of the Roman Republic). Also there was a term limit of 6 months for a dictator. Many modern presidential republics employ term limits for their highest offices. The United States placed a limit of two terms on its presidency by means of the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1951. There are no term limits for

Mailto
Mailto mailto is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for email addresses. It is used to produce hyperlinks on websites that allow users to send an email to a specific address without first having to copy it and enter it into an email client. It was originally defined in Request for Comments (RFC) 2368, published in July 1998, and refined in <nowiki>RFC</nowiki> 6068, published in October 2010. Using ""mailto"" within an HTML document to generate a link for sending email: It is also possible to specify initial values for headers (e.g. subject, cc, etc.) and message body in the URL.

PostgreSQL
a schema called ""public"", but any additional schemas can be added, and the public schema isn't mandatory. A setting determines the order in which PostgreSQL checks schemas for unqualified objects (those without a prefixed schema). By default, it is set to ( refers to the currently connected database user). This default can be set on a database or role level, but as it is a session parameter, it can be freely changed (even multiple times) during a client session, affecting that session only. Non-existent schemas listed in search_path are silently skipped during objects lookup. New objects are created in whichever

Mailto
obfuscation among them—these protections can be circumvented by sufficiently sophisticated harvesting robots. Other techniques, like walling the address behind a CAPTCHA or similar ""humanity check"", provide security on par with that available for other contact methods, most notably web forms, which experience similar challenges with preventing spam. Mailto mailto is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for email addresses. It is used to produce hyperlinks on websites that allow users to send an email to a specific address without first having to copy it and enter it into an email client. It was originally defined in Request for Comments (RFC)

"Gopher (protocol)"
a gopher menu, a directory consisting of a sequence of lines each of which describes an item that can be retrieved. Most clients will display these as hypertext links, and so allow the user to navigate through gopherspace by following the links. All lines in a gopher menu are terminated by ""CR + LF"", and consist of five fields: the ""item type"" as the very first character (see below), the ""display string"" (i.e., the description text to display), a ""selector"" (i.e., a file-system pathname), ""host name"" (i.e., the domain name of the server on which the item resides), and ""port""

email attachments. The item type is followed by the ""user display string"" (a description or label that represents the item in the menu); the selector (a path or other string for the resource on the server); the ""hostname"" (the domain name or IP address of the server), and the network port. For example: The following selector line generates a link to the ""/home"" directory at the subdomain gopher.floodgap.com, on port 70. The item type of indicates that the resource is a Gopher menu. The string ""Floodgap Home"" is what the user sees in the menu. In addition to selector lines,

"Cache manifest in HTML5"
of three section headers. Note: Example 1 and Example 2 above, do not indicate any section header and are therefore considered an explicit section by default. Example 3: This example consists of headers. The line, NETWORK: is the start of the ""online whitelist"" section. The resources listed under this section are never cached and are not available offline. As a result, an error will occur when an attempt is made offline to load the resource. There is a shift to the explicit section by the header CACHE: and the resources (the CSS stylesheet, JavaScript and the image file) can be

"Torrent file"
The specification recommends that nodes ""should be set to the K closest nodes in the torrent generating client's routing table. Alternatively, the key could be set to a known good node such as one operated by the person generating the torrent."" BEP-0012 extends BitTorrent to support multiple trackers. A new key, announce-list, is placed in the top-most dictionary (i.e. with announce and info) BEP-0017 extends BitTorrent to support HTTP seeds. A new key, httpseeds, is placed in the top-most list (i.e. with announce and info). This key's value is a list of web addresses where torrent data can be retrieved:

P3P
P3P The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) is an obsolete protocol allowing websites to declare their intended use of information they collect about web browser users. Designed to give users more control of their personal information when browsing, P3P was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and officially recommended on April 16, 2002. Development ceased shortly thereafter and there have been very few implementations of P3P. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge were the only major browsers to support P3P. Microsoft has ended support from Windows 10 onwards. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge on Windows 10 will no

Nofollow
Nofollow nofollow is a value that can be assigned to the codice_1 attribute of an HTML a element to instruct some search engines that the hyperlink should not influence the ranking of the link's target in the search engine's index. It is intended to reduce the effectiveness of certain types of internet advertising because their search algorithm depends heavily on the number of links to a website when determining which websites should be listed in what order in their search results for any given term. The codice_2 value was originally suggested to stop comment spam in blogs. Believing that comment

Ten teams have made it to the championship game, winning nine championships. Michigan, Ohio State, Penn State, and Minnesota have won two NIT championships, while Indiana and Purdue have won one each. Two other current members, Maryland and Nebraska, won NIT titles before they joined the Big Ten. In addition, the Helms Athletic Foundation recognizes Illinois as the 1915 National Champions, Minnesota as the 1902 and 1919 National Champions, Northwestern as the 1931 National Champion, Purdue as the 1932 National Champions, and Wisconsin as 1912, 1914 and 1916 National Champions. Former member Chicago won a post-season national championship series in

non-football sports) and BYU will also count toward the Power Five requirement. Three Big Ten teams—Purdue, Michigan State and Michigan—had rivalries in football with Notre Dame. After the University of Southern California with 35 wins (including a vacated 2005 win), the Michigan State Spartans have the most wins against the Irish, with 28. The Purdue Boilermakers follow with 26, and Michigan ranks fourth all-time with 24. Penn State has a longstanding rivalry with Pittsburgh of the ACC, but the two schools did not meet from 2000 until renewing the rivalry with an alternating home-and-home series from 2016 to 2019. Penn

Indiana has won five, Michigan State has won two, while Maryland, Michigan, Ohio State and Wisconsin have won one national championship each. 11 of the 14 current conference members have advanced to the Final Four at least once in their history. Nine Big Ten schools (Indiana, Michigan State, Illinois, Purdue, Ohio State, Maryland, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin) are among the national top-50 in all-time NCAA tournament appearances. Seasons are listed by the calendar years in which they ended. ""Italics"" indicate honors earned before the school competed in the Big Ten. ""† denotes overtime games. Multiple †'s indicate more than one

"Big Ten Football Championship Game"
– 5, James White, WIS (2012) and Dwayne Haskins, OSU (2018) Team total yards – 640, Wisconsin (2012) Tackles – 16, Jerome Baker, OSU (2017) Interceptions – 2, Doran Grant, OSU (2014) On September 1, 2011, the Big Ten Conference announced the divisional tiebreaker procedures that will be used to determine the representatives in the championship game. Division standings are based on each team's overall conference record, excluding teams ineligible for postseason because of sanctions. In the event that two teams are tied, the head-to-head results between those two teams determines the tiebreaker. Unlike the Southeastern Conference, whose rules were

two divisions, and would play all teams in their division once, with one protected cross-over game, and two games rotating against the other five opponents from the opposing division. Most of the above permanent rivalries were maintained. By virtue of the new alignment, a handful of new permanent divisional opponents were created, as all pairs of teams within the same division would face off each season. Furthermore, three new permanent inter-divisional matches resulted from the realignment: Purdue–Iowa, Michigan State–Indiana, and Penn State–Nebraska. The following past permanent matches were maintained across divisions: Minnesota–Wisconsin, Michigan–Ohio State, and Illinois–Northwestern. The new alignment, however,

five titles, Michigan State with two, and Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ohio State with one each. Maryland, which joined the Big Ten in 2014, won one NCAA championship as a member of the ACC. Ohio State played in the first NCAA tournament national championship game in 1939, losing to Oregon. Despite this, Jimmy Hull of Ohio State was the first NCAA tournament MVP. The first three tournament MVPs came from the Big Ten (Marv Huffman of Indiana in 1940 and John Katz of Wisconsin in 1941). Big Ten teams have also experienced success in the postseason NIT. Since 1974, 13 Big

caused some of the above permanent rivalries to be discontinued. These were: Iowa–Wisconsin, Northwestern–Purdue, and Michigan State–Penn State. These matchups would continue to be played, but only twice every five years on average. More rivalries were disrupted, and some resumed on a yearly basis, when the league realigned into East and West Divisions for the 2014 season with the addition of Maryland and Rutgers. The two new schools were placed in the new East Division with Penn State, and the two Indiana schools were divided (Indiana to the East and Purdue to the West). With the move to a nine-game

12, with the winner getting the Cy-Hawk Trophy in football. Iowa and Iowa State also compete annually in the Cy-Hawk Series sponsored by Hy-Vee (as of 2011 this series is now sponsored by The Iowa Corngrowers Association), the competition includes all head-to-head regular season competitions in all sports. Iowa also holds rivalries in basketball with the state's other two Division I programs, Drake and Northern Iowa. Indiana has an out-of-conference rivalry with Kentucky of the SEC (see Indiana–Kentucky rivalry). While the two schools played in football for many years, the rivalry was rooted in their decades of national success in

Missouri Tigers, with the two men's teams squaring off annually in the ""Braggin' Rights"" game. It has been held in St. Louis since 1980, first at the St. Louis Arena and since 1994 at the Scottrade Center. This rivalry has been carried over into football as ""The Arch Rivalry"" with games played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis in 2002 and 2003 and four games in 2007 through 2010. Wisconsin has a long-standing in-state basketball rivalry with Marquette. The series has intensified as of late with both teams having made the Final Four in recent years. The schools

"Hull classification symbol"
USN, but SSP has been declared the preferred term. SSK, retired by the USN, continues to be used colloquially and interchangeably with SS for diesel-electric attack/patrol submarines within the USN, and, more formally, by the Royal Navy and British firms such as Jane's Information Group. Patrol combatants are ships whose mission may extend beyond coastal duties and whose characteristics include adequate endurance and sea keeping, providing a capability for operations exceeding 48 hours on the high seas without support. This notably included Brown Water Navy/Riverine Forces during the Vietnam War. Few of these ships are in service today. Amphibious warfare

"SSN (hull classification symbol)"
decommissioned nuclear submarines require costly dismantling and long term storage of the radioactive waste. The following navies currently operate SSNs: Known as ""fleet submarines"" in the Royal Navy SSN (hull classification symbol) An SSN is a nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine. ""SSN"" is the US Navy hull classification symbol for such vessels; the ""SS"" denotes a submarine and the ""N"" denotes nuclear power. The designation SSN is used for interoperability throughout NATO under STANAG 1166. though navies use other terms. The first nuclear-powered attack submarine was the US Navy's , operational from 1954. This was followed by the four submarines of

1920, the ship's name would have been both written and pronounced ""USS ""Minnesota"" (BB-22)"". In generally decreasing size, the types are: Submarines are all self-propelled submersible types (usually started with SS) regardless of whether employed as combatant, auxiliary, or research and development vehicles which have at least a residual combat capability. While some classes, including all diesel-electric submarines, are retired from USN service, non-U.S. navies continue to employ SS, SSA, SSAN, SSB, SSC, SSG, SSM, and SST types. With the advent of new Air Independent Propulsion/Power (AIP) systems, both SSI and SSP are used to distinguish the types within the

"Ship class"
it was decided to group destroyers made to the same design as HMS ""Tomahawk"", all named after weapons, as the rather than ""Tomahawk"" class. In European navies a class is named after the first ship commissioned regardless of when she was ordered or laid down. In some cases this has resulted in different class names being used in European and U.S. references; for example, European sources record the s of the United States Navy as the """"Maryland"" class"", as was commissioned before . The West German Navy (""Bundesmarine"") used a three-digit type number for every class in service or in

"USOS Seaview"
prefixed ""USOS"" only in the 1961 film. The prefix ""USOS"" is spoken in a news report about the ship during the first minutes of the film, and when the ship's radio operator tries calling Washington, D.C. In Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film, ""USOS"" stood for ""United States Oceanographic Survey"". In the television series, the name ""Seaview"" was usually prefixed ""S.S.R.N."" (see below). Later writings explained that ""SSRN"" stood for ""Nuclear Submarine (SSN), Research (R)"" or ""SSRN"", and was referred to by Admiral Nelson in at least one episode as ""S.S.N.R. Seaview."" However, in the pilot episode, ""Eleven Days to

""destroyer escort"", ""ocean escort"", or ""DE"". The United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification of cruisers, frigates, and ocean escorts brought U.S. Navy classifications into line with other nations' classifications, at least cosmetically in terms of terminology, and eliminated the perceived ""cruiser gap"" with the Soviet Navy by redesignating the former ""frigates"" as ""cruisers"". If a U.S. Navy ship's hull classification symbol begins with ""T-"", it is part of the Military Sealift Command, has a primarily civilian crew, and is a United States Naval Ship (USNS) in non-commissioned service – as opposed to a commissioned United States Ship (USS) with an

making traditional methods of naming inefficient. For instance, the is also known as the A class. Most destroyer classes were known by the initial letter used in naming the vessels, e.g., s. Classification by letter also helped to conflate similar smaller classes of ships as in the case of the C-class destroyers of 1913 whose names spread across the alphabet. Since the end of the Second World War, Royal Navy ship classes have also been known by their type number (e.g. Type 42 destroyer.) In the United States Navy, unlike most other navies, the first ship in a class to

"United States Ship"
United States Ship United States Ship (abbreviated as USS or U.S.S.) is a ship prefix used to identify a commissioned ship of the United States Navy and applies to a ship only while it is in commission. Before commissioning, the vessel may be referred to as a ""pre-commissioning unit"" (PCU), but is officially referred to by name with no prefix. After decommissioning, it is referred to by name, with no prefix though commonly, people refer to those ships with the prefix Ex-U.S.S. In service but non-commissioned Navy ships go by the prefix USNS, which stands for United States Naval Ship.

"Destroyer escort"
Destroyer escort Destroyer escort (DE) was the United States Navy mid-20th-century classification for a warship designed with endurance to escort mid-ocean convoys of merchant marine ships. ""Kaibōkan"" were designed for a similar role in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Royal Navy and Commonwealth forces identified such warships as frigates, and that classification was widely accepted when the United States redesignated destroyer escorts as frigates (FF) in 1975. Destroyer escorts, frigates, and ""kaibōkan"" were mass-produced for World War II as a less expensive antisubmarine warfare alternative to fleet destroyers. Other similar warships include the 10 ""Kriegsmarine"" escort ships of the F-class

carriers, ran from CVE-1 ""Long Island"" to CVE-127 ""Okinawa"" before being discontinued. Surface combatants are ships which are designed primarily to engage enemy forces on the high seas. The primary surface combatants are battleships, cruisers and destroyers. Battleships are very heavily armed and armored; cruisers moderately so; destroyers and smaller warships, less so. Before 1920, ships were called ""<type> no. X"", with the type fully pronounced. The types were commonly abbreviated in ship lists to ""B-X"", ""C-X"", ""D-X"" et cetera—for example, before 1920, would have been called ""USS ""Minnesota"", Battleship number 22"" orally and ""USS ""Minnesota"", B-22"" in writing. After

which hormone is released from the ruptured follicle or corpus luteum

Ovulation
its lifespan. Without the oocyte, the follicle folds inward on itself, transforming into the corpus luteum (pl. corpora lutea), a steroidogenic cluster of cells that produces estrogen and progesterone. These hormones induce the endometrial glands to begin production of the proliferative endometrium and later into secretory endometrium, the site of embryonic growth if implantation occurs. The action of progesterone increases basal body temperature by one-quarter to one-half degree Celsius (one-half to one degree Fahrenheit). The corpus luteum continues this paracrine action for the remainder of the menstrual cycle, maintaining the endometrium, before disintegrating into scar tissue during menses. The start

"Corpus luteum"
is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively. It also produces relaxin, a hormone responsible for softening of the pubic symphysis which helps in parturition. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decays (after approximately 10 days in humans). It then degenerates into a corpus albicans, which is a mass of fibrous scar tissue. The uterine lining (endometrium) is expelled through the vagina (in mammals that go through a menstrual cycle).

Luteolysis
Luteolysis Luteolysis (also known as luteal regression) is the structural and functional degradation of the corpus luteum (CL), which occurs at the end of the luteal phase of both the estrous and menstrual cycles in the absence of pregnancy. In domestic animals, luteolysis is initiated by the hormones prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin. In sheep, communication between the pars nervosa (posterior lobe of the pituitary gland), corpus luteum, and the uterus endometrium via the circulatory system is required for luteolysis. Studies with sheep have found that, if the uterine horn is ipsalateral to the ovary possessing the CL is surgically removed,

In an estrous cycle, the lining degenerates back to normal size. If the egg is fertilized and implantation occurs, the syncytiotrophoblast (derived from trophoblast) cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species) by day 9 post-fertilization. Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop. From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the ""corpus luteum graviditatis"". The introduction of prostaglandins at this point

causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and the abortion of the fetus. However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss. Luteal support refers to the administration of medication (generally progestins) for the purpose of increasing the success of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing the function of the corpus luteum. The yellow color and name of the corpus luteum, like that of the macula lutea of the retina, is due to its concentration of certain carotenoids, especially lutein. In 1968, a

Ovulation
a concomitant increase in antrum fluid volume that can swell the follicle to over 20 mm in diameter. It forms a pronounced bulge at the surface of the ovary called the blister. Estrogen levels peak towards the end of the follicular phase. This causes a surge in levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This lasts from 24 to 36 hours, and results in the rupture of the ovarian follicles, causing the oocyte to be released from the ovary. Through a signal transduction cascade initiated by LH, proteolytic enzymes are secreted by the follicle that degrade the follicular

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A new corpus luteum develops with each menstrual cycle. The ""corpus luteum"" develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or oestrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term refers to the visible collection of blood, left after rupture of the follicle, that secretes progesterone. While the oocyte (later the zygote if fertilization occurs) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary. The corpus

Vasodilation
Vasodilation Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins (called venodilators), large arteries, and smaller arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels dilate, the flow of blood is increased due to a decrease in vascular resistance. Therefore, dilation of arterial blood vessels (mainly the arterioles) decreases blood pressure. The response may be intrinsic (due to local processes in the surrounding tissue) or extrinsic (due to hormones or the nervous system). In addition,

"Menstrual cycle"
and LH cause the remaining parts of the dominant follicle to transform into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. The increased progesterone in the adrenals starts to induce the production of estrogen. The hormones produced by the corpus luteum also suppress production of the FSH and LH that the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself. Consequently, the level of FSH and LH fall quickly over time, and the corpus luteum subsequently atrophies. Falling levels of progesterone trigger menstruation and the beginning of the next cycle. From the time of ovulation until progesterone withdrawal has caused menstruation to begin, the process

Corpus luteum The corpus luteum (Latin for ""yellow body""; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation. The corpus luteum is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen to inhibit further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and

Esgaroth
Esgaroth Esgaroth, or Lake-town, is a fictitious community of Men upon the Long Lake which appears in the 1937 novel ""The Hobbit"" by J. R. R. Tolkien. Constructed entirely of wood and standing upon wooden pillars sunk into the lake-bed, the town is south of the Lonely Mountain and east of Mirkwood. The town's prosperity is apparently built upon trade between the Men (descendants of the Edain and thus distant cousins of the Dúnedain of Gondor), Elves and Dwarves of northern Middle-earth. The chief mode of transport of the people of Esgaroth is their boats. At the time in which

Galadriel
the Elves and the dominion of Men was to return at last to Valinor. There is the suggestion in the novel, backed up by other writings, that in acknowledgement of this renunciation of power her personal ban from Valinor was lifted and she was finally given leave to return over the sea. When the Fellowship left Lothlórien, she gave each member a gift and an Elven cloak, and furnished the party with supplies, both as practical support and as a symbol of faith, hope and goodwill. Her husband Celeborn likewise provided the Fellowship with Elven-boats. On the day that the

"The Fellowship of the Ring"
the Fellowship travel down the Great River Anduin, using boats provided by Celeborn, until they reach a lake at the foot of Amon Hen. There Frodo tries to decide the future course of the Fellowship. Boromir succumbs to the Ring's corruptive influence and tries to take it for himself, and Frodo ends up putting on the Ring to escape from Boromir. While the rest of the Fellowship scatters to hunt for Frodo, Frodo decides the Fellowship has to be broken, and he must depart secretly for Mordor alone to prevent the rest of his companions from becoming enslaved by the

Tuor
by Idril, encountering a Balrog in the mountain heights; saved but by the valour of Glorfindel, chief of the House of the Golden Flower. At last they reached Nan-tathren and the Mouths of Sirion. Tuor eventually felt a longing for the Sea, and built the ship ""Eärramë"" (Sea-wing). The Mouths of Sirion were now held by Eärendil and Elwing, but Tuor sailed to the West with Idril, and it was a tradition under the Eldar and Edain that they arrived in Valinor, bypassing the Ban of the Valar, and that Tuor alone of Men was counted as Elven kindred, still

"The Sea of Trolls"
wooden cart and left to sink in a bog. After singing Olaf One-Brow's praise-song for the Northman's homecoming, Jack inadvertently makes Queen Frith lose her hair. Queen Frith threatens to sacrifice Lucy (instead of the troll-pig) to the goddess Freya, because Jack set Golden Bristles free. However, Frith allows Jack a chance to save Lucy and their freedom if he can make her hair grow back, which is much more difficult than she makes it sound. Jack goes with Olaf and Thorgil to Jotunheim, land of the Trolls, to seek the mythic Mimir's Well, a well with magical water (song

"The Claidi Journals"
Sharkians. Sharkians are shark-like mammals capable of speech and living above water. But the six friends are separated as soon as they are brought aboard, and are kept apart throughout the journey. Once they reach the shores Ustareth's continent, they are dropped off at different locations. Claidi journeys towards the center of the country with her horse Mirreen and Thu. She passes through a myterious door in a cliff, and finds that Ustareth's country is in an enormous place of many types of landscapes. She encounters many wonders, including marble trees that provide water and strange fruit, and forests that

"The Island of Frozen Seas"
sees him as a rival to Gandalf's throne. When Aaricia is suddenly carried off by an eagle and apparently kidnapped, the Vikings rush into pursuit. While they follow a mysterious ""ship with no sails"", which only Thorgal has seen and identified as Aaricia's kidnapper, they find themselves on the freezing northern seas, unprepared for the weather and without supplies. Lost and desperate, they accuse Thorgal of leading them into a trap, and they leave him and Bjorn in a small boat to fend for themselves. Minutes later, they are attacked by the ""ship with no sails"" and taken into captivity.

"Tol Eressëa"
Tol Eressëa In early versions of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium (see: ""The History of Middle-earth""), Tol Eressëa was an island visited by the Anglo-Saxon traveller Ælfwine (in earlier versions, Eriol) which provided a framework for the tales that later became ""The Silmarillion"". The name is Quenya for ""Lonely Island"". In early versions, the Cottage of Lost Play is located in Kortirion, the island's main city, and it is here that Eriol the Mariner comes. There is an early poem by Tolkien, entitled ""Kortirion"", several versions of which can be found in ""The Book of Lost Tales"", Volume I. Tol

"Home from the Sea"
to seek help and when Constable Ewynnog returns and arrests her father on charges of murder of her husband and children. Upon being alerted by Puck, Nan and Sarah rush back to the cottage just in time to stop Mari from killing the Constable. With the help of Puck, a few ghosts, and the local Water and Earth Elementals, the three manage to free Daffyd. With Puck taking him, the three women make their way to the coast, where they meet Rhodri. Rhodri takes Mari to the group of Selch, and Mari challenges Gethin to allow her to get Idwal

"The Farseekers"
had drowned. Meanwhile, Elspeth, in response to the horses’ refusal to be ridden, strikes a bargain with their leader, Gahltha, that the upcoming expedition be treated as a test as to whether they can work as equals. He agrees on the condition that only Elspeth rides him, as both parties should risk their leaders. Just before the expedition sets off, a prophecy reveals Jik must join them and they must be back before the pass closes in winter, or Obernewtyn will fall. Disguised as a gypsy troop, they attempt to find a secret pass through the lower mountains, but are

"UEFA Champions League"
culminates with the final match in May. The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the tournament 13 times, including its first five seasons. Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories (18 wins), followed by England and Italy (12 wins apiece). England has the largest number of winning teams, with five clubs having won the title. The competition has been won by 22 clubs, 12 of which have won it more than once. The

Hotspur, who went into the Europa League. Between the 1992–93 and the 2017–18 seasons, Premier League clubs won the UEFA Champions League four times (and had six runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with eleven wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins; ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins. The FIFA Club World Cup (originally called the FIFA Club World Championship) has been won once by a Premier League club (Manchester United in 2008), with two runners-up (Liverpool in 2005, Chelsea in 2012), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Italy's Serie

aggregate to advance to the final. On 22 May 2010, Internazionale, coached by José Mourinho, beat Bayern 2–0 at the Santiago Bernabéu. On 28 May 2011 at Wembley Stadium in London, Barcelona beat Manchester United for a second final in three years. The Catalans dominated the match, winning 3–1 with goals from Pedro, Lionel Messi and David Villa, securing their fourth Champions League title. Wayne Rooney scored for Manchester United to level the score going into half-time. This marked Barcelona's fourth title overall and third title in six seasons (2005–06 to 2010–11). On 19 May 2012, at the Allianz Arena

"European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics"
12 matches of both the 2011–12 season and 2012–13 season, and continued into the 2013–14 season for nine games (six group stage games, both legs of the round of 16 and the first leg of the quarter-finals), with the run finally coming to an end in a 2–0 away loss in the quarter-finals second leg against Borussia Dortmund on 8 April 2014. Bayern Munich hold the record with 16 consecutive home wins in the Champions League. Bayern Munich record streak started by winning against Manchester City 1–0 on 17 September 2014. The run has reached the 16th win by beating

the first teams to reach the Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds. In 2008–09 season, both BATE Borisov and Anorthosis Famagusta achieved the same feat. Real Madrid holds the record for the most consecutive appearances in the group stage, having qualified 22 times in a row (1997–present). They are followed by Arsenal on 19 (1998–2016) and Manchester United on 18 (1996–2013). Between 2003 and 2008, no differentiation was made between champions and non-champions in qualification. The 16 top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualified directly for the tournament group stage. Prior to

"Paris Saint-Germain F.C."
Spearheaded by the arrival of superstar striker Zlatan Ibrahimović, PSG attained four league titles, three Coupe de France, four Coupe de la Ligue and five Trophée des Champions titles. The club further built upon this success by signing world-record transfer Neymar and 18-year-old French prodigy Kylian Mbappé in 2017. Together with Uruguayan striker Edinson Cavani, they formed a fearsome attacking trio and claimed PSG's third domestic quadruple in four seasons. Since its foundation, PSG have always represented both Paris and Saint-Germain-en-Laye. As a result, red, blue and white are the traditional colours of Paris Saint-Germain. The red and blue represent

Arsenal face Manchester United, with United winning the first match 1–0 then winning in London 3–1, advancing through on a 4–1 aggregate scoreline. On 27 May 2009, Barcelona overcame Manchester United at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, winning 2–0 with goals from Samuel Eto'o and Lionel Messi. This made Barça the first team from La Liga to win a domestic cup, domestic league, and European Cup treble. This was made all the remarkable by the fact that it was coach Pep Guardiola's first season in charge, with just one year as coach of the B team as previous experience. At

Arsenal 5–1 on 15 February 2017, The run ended after a home defeat to Real Madrid 1–2 on 12 April 2017.<ref> European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics This page details statistics of the European Cup and Champions League. Unless notified these statistics concern all seasons since inception of the European Cup in the 1955–56 season, including qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League as per ""Competition facts""; all goals scored before league phase(s) count as ""qualifying goals"". A total of 22 clubs have won the tournament since its 1955 inception, with Real Madrid being the only team

Giggs mis-hit a shot at goal. Just over a minute later, another Beckham corner again provided the danger as Sheringham headed it on to fellow substitute Ole Gunnar Solskjær, who flicked out a boot to send the ball into the roof of the net and win the European Cup for Manchester. United's manager, Alex Ferguson, memorably summed the experience up in a post-match interview when he said: ""Football, bloody hell."" It was the club's first success since 1968 and marked the first English winner since Liverpool in 1984. The 1999–2000 season saw UEFA again ease the entry requirements for the

1–0 down after a Sandro Mazzola penalty to beat Internazionale 2–1 in the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon, with goals from Tommy Gemmell and Stevie Chalmers. The team, which became known as ""the Lisbon Lions"", managed by Jock Stein, were unique as they were all born within 30 miles (48 km) of Celtic Park in Glasgow. In 1968, ten years after the Munich air disaster, Manchester United became the first English team to win the competition, defeating Benfica in the final 4–1 after extra time at Wembley Stadium in London. Matt Busby, United's manager at the time of the disaster in

"Georgia State Panthers football"
9, 2012, during a press conference at the Georgia Dome. The school began full membership on July 1, 2013. Georgia State was a founding member of the Sun Belt Conference in 1976. The Sun Belt participates in Division I FBS, as opposed to FCS. The Panthers were not eligible for postseason play until the 2014 season. After Coach Bill Curry announced his retirement in August, the administration hired Parker Executive Search to help find potential candidates. On November 30, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the university had hired Trent Miles, head coach of Indiana State University. With Trent Miles' arrival

by 2012 would be $3.1 million. On April 15, 2007, former Atlanta Falcons head coach Dan Reeves was hired by Georgia State as a consultant. On November 1, 2007, the university began discussing the possibility of adding football. It found that total costs would cost between $6.2 million and $33.8 million depending on several different factors, including whether a stadium would be built or a preexisting stadium would be used. On April 17, 2008, Georgia State launched its football program. On June 12, 2008, former Georgia Tech, Alabama, and Kentucky head coach Bill Curry was named as the Georgia State

"Georgia State Panthers"
as independents for three years before joining the TAAC. Once Georgia State entered the CAA, a recurring question of whether the university should add football was brought up, leading to the commissioning of a feasibility study in 2006. After gauging student and alumni interest, the administration found enough support to continue onwards with the effort, leading to the hire of former Atlanta Falcons head coach Dan Reeves as a consultant. This culminated in the official launch of the football program on April 17, 2008. Due to GSU's membership as a part of the CAA, membership into the football division of

football until the 2010 season, and so the 2009 season was spent practicing at an NFL facility in downtown Atlanta. 71 players reported on August 14. Georgia State's second recruiting class was signed on February 3, 2010. The team would go on to hold spring practice beginning on March 23, and would begin working out at the new practice facility by March 27. On September 2, Georgia State played its first football game and home opener against the Shorter Hawks, winning the game 41–7. The first touchdown was recorded by Parris Lee. A crowd of 30,237 was present at the

beating the Eagles on the gridiron in 2015 34-7, the win granting bowl eligibility, and again in 2016, 30-24. The Panthers have played in two bowl games. They have a 1–1 record. Official record (including any NCAA imposed vacates and forfeits) against all current Sun Belt opponents: Georgia State's first head coach Bill Curry was the initial architect for the program. His tenure ended with a record of 10–23. Initially hired by the former athletics director Mary McElroy, after her termination by previous Georgia State president Carl Patton, Curry was named interim athletic director while the school searched for a

head coach, working on a 5-year contract. This was followed by the hiring of John Bond as offensive coordinator, John Thompson as defensive coordinator, and George Pugh as assistant head coach, as well as Chris Ward and Anthony Midget. On November 20, 2008, ground was broken for a downtown practice facility at 188 Martin Luther King Drive. The facility would eventually be expanded to include a 100-yard artificial turf field and a 50-yard natural turf field. The existing buildings were converted into facilities and offices for the football team. On January 4, 2009, Mark Hogan, son of former Georgia Tech

State being one of its founding members. However, in 1980, the Panthers left the Sun Belt, with the most cited reason being that the conference encouraged its members to play in the largest basketball venue in town; in the case of the Panthers, that was the 16,500 seat Omni Coliseum, an NBA venue where the Atlanta Hawks played. With only a few hundred fans attending each game, this became a joke to media outlets, who purposefully tried to get pictures of the action with a lack of a crowd in the background. After leaving the Sun Belt, the Panthers played

Georgia State Panthers football The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is a member of the Sun Belt Conference. In November 2006, a study commissioned by Georgia State was completed and submitted back to the school. It found Georgia State to be in a good position to begin a competitive football team, and based its remarks on the location and resources of the university. It estimated that total annual expenses

"Florida Gators men's basketball"
president John J. Tigert along with several other athletic supporters had to take out personal loans to finish the construction of the school's first football stadium, Florida Field. Plans were finally made for a new basketball arena after World War II, and the Gators moved into the Florida Gymnasium (also known as Alligator Alley) during the 1949-50 season. In December 1932, the University of Florida joined the Southeastern Conference as one of its thirteen charter members. The Gators spent most of the first half-century of SEC play in the bottom half of the standings. They only finished higher than fourth

"History of Florida Gators football"
state university's football team began varsity play when the Gainesville campus opened in September 1906. Tackle William Wetmore ""Gric"" Gibbs is the only known member of the lost 1905 team who played for the new university's team in Gainesville. Football and baseball games and track meets were held at University Athletic Field, a grassy playing surface flanked by low bleachers on West University Avenue just north of the present stadium site. Permanent bleachers were installed in 1911, and the facility was renamed Fleming Field in honor of former Florida governor Francis P. Fleming. From 1911 to 1930, Florida's football squads

who has won the mens singles title in the australian open tennis tournament

"2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–2, 6–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1. It was Federer's 20th Grand Slam singles title and record-equalling sixth Australian Open men's singles title (tied with Roy Emerson and Novak Djokovic). With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least six titles at two Grand Slam tournaments (six at the Australian Open and eight at Wimbledon). Federer became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era since Ken Rosewall in

2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to the 117th ranked Denis Istomin from Uzbekistan. It was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, where he lost to Marat Safin, that Djokovic failed to make it past the second round of a major and the first time since the 2006 Australian Open that he failed to make it to the third round in Melbourne. Roger Federer won his fifth Australian Open title, and 18th Major title overall, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final in five sets. With

It was the first time since the 2011 Australian Open that Federer and Nadal were the top 2 seeds at a grand slam. This was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships that two unseeded players (Chung Hyeon and Kyle Edmund) reached the semifinals of the men's singles event at a Grand Slam tournament, and the first time at the Australian Open since 1999. Chung became the first South Korean player to reach the quarterfinals and semifinals of a Grand Slam event. Djokovic's fourth-round loss to Chung was his first straight-sets loss at the Australian Open since 2007. 2018

"2018 Australian Open"
2018 Australian Open The 2018 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played at Melbourne Park between 15–28 January 2018, and was the first Grand Slam tournament of the 2018 season. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players compete in singles and doubles tournaments. Roger Federer was the defending champion in the men's singles event and successfully retained his title (his sixth), defeating Marin Čilić in the final, while Caroline Wozniacki won the women's title, defeating Simona Halep in the final to win her first Grand Slam. The tournament

"2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic in 2011, 2012 and 2013) to win three consecutive Australian Open titles. Rafael Nadal can become the

"2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final"
the second all-time count of 8 held by Novak Djokovic. In addition, the match was also Federer's career 7th five-set Grand Slam final match, subsequently breaking the all-time career record tie held with Björn Borg of 6 Grand Slam five-set finals. Federer's winning campaign at the 2017 Australian Open defeated four top 10 players, three of which whose matches went to a full five sets and two of them were back-to-back: 5th seed Kei Nishikori in the 4th round; 4th seed Stan Wawrinka in the semi-final; and 9th seed Rafael Nadal in the final. The previous winning campaign in a

2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final The 2017 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2017 Australian Open. It was contested between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, ranked 17th and 9th in the world respectively. It was their record ninth meeting in a Grand Slam final in their rivalry, and their 1st meeting in a Grand Slam final since the 2011 French Open. In a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final, which Nadal won in 5 sets, Roger Federer won the duel in 5 sets, beating Nadal for

first player in the Open Era to achieve a double career grand slam by winning this tournament. 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic

"2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles"
2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title by defeating Andy Murray in the final 6–7, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2. In winning the 2013 title, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times, and the third man after Roger Federer and Andre Agassi to win the title four times overall. Djokovic retained the ATP number 1 ranking by reaching the semifinals after Federer failed to win the title. They were in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament.

"Longest word in English"
is also known as Webster Lake. The longest hyphenated names in the U.S. are ""Winchester-on-the-Severn"", a town in Maryland, and ""Washington-on-the-Brazos"", a notable place in Texas history. The longest official geographical name in Australia is Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya. It has 26 letters and is a Pitjantjatjara word meaning ""where the Devil urinates"". In Ireland, the longest English placename at 19 letters is Newtownmountkennedy in County Wicklow. ""Guinness World Records"" formerly contained a category for longest personal name used. Long birth names are often coined in protest of naming laws or for other personal reasons. Longest word in English The identity of the

""Chrononhotonthologos"" (1743) holds the opening line: ""Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?"" Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp ""Headlong Hall"": ""osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous"" (44 characters) and ""osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary"" (51 characters). James Joyce made up nine 100-letter words plus one 101-letter word in his novel ""Finnegans Wake"", the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word.

the spa waters at Bath, England, is attributed to Dr. Edward Strother (1675–1737). The word is composed of the following elements: The longest officially recognized place name in an English-speaking country is ""Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu"" (57 letters), which is a hill in New Zealand. The name is in the Māori language. A longer and widely recognised version of the name is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu (85 letters), which appears on the signpost at the location (see the photo on this page). In Māori, the digraphs ""ng"" and ""wh"" are each treated as single letters. In Canada, the longest place name is ""Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford,

original meaning. The longest word in that dictionary is ""electroencephalographically"" (27 letters). The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is ""floccinaucinihilipilification"" at 29 letters. Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning ""nothing"" and defined as ""the act of estimating something as worthless""; its usage has been recorded as far back as 1741. Ross Eckler has noted that most of the longest English words are not likely to occur in general text, meaning non-technical present-day text seen by casual readers, in which the author did not specifically intend to use an unusually long word. According to Eckler, the longest words

In musical notation, a 8192nd note may be called a ""semihemidemisemihemidemisemihemidemisemiquaver"". ""Antidisestablishmentarianism"" is the longest common example of a word formed by agglutinative construction. A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words. The IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open-ended, giving rise to the 189,819-letter chemical name ""Methionylthreonylthreonyl...isoleucine"" for the protein also known as titin, which is involved in striated muscle formation. In nature, DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and therefore potentially be referred to with much longer chemical names. For example, the wheat chromosome 3B contains almost 1

major English language dictionaries is ""pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis"", a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles, specifically from a volcano; medically, it is the same as silicosis. The word was deliberately coined to be the longest word in English, and has since been used in a close approximation of its originally intended meaning, lending at least some degree of validity to its claim. The ""Oxford English Dictionary"" contains ""pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism"" (30 letters). ""Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary"" does not contain ""antidisestablishmentarianism"" (28 letters), as the editors found no widespread, sustained usage of the word in its

"Longest words"
to a 19th-century political movement that opposed the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state church of England. Floccinaucinihilipilification, at 29 letters and meaning the act of estimating something as being worth so little as to be practically valueless, or the habit of doing so, is the longest non-technical, coined word in Oxford Dictionaries of the English language. The longest official Esperanto roots are 12 letters long, shown here with the added substantive ""-o"" ending: Since Esperanto allows word compounding, there are no limits on how long a word can theoretically become. A relatively short example is the

Longest word in English The identity of the longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes a word in the English language, as well as how length should be compared. In addition to words derived naturally from the language's roots (without any known intentional invention), English allows new words to be formed by coinage and construction; place names may be considered words; technical terms may be arbitrarily long. Length may be understood in terms of orthography and number of written letters, or (less commonly) phonology and the number of phonemes. The longest word in any of the

Latin name for 6560, is the name for 10 = 10. Under the long number scale, it would be 10 = 10. Jonathan Bowers has developed a system for even larger numbers (' for formula_1). ""Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis"" is sometimes cited as the longest binomial name—it is a kind of amphipod. However, this name, proposed by B. Dybowski, was invalidated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1929 after being petitioned by Mary J. Rathbun to take up the case. ""Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides"" is the longest accepted binomial name. It is a species of soldier fly. ""Aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolic"", at 52 letters, describing

Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde"", a township in Ontario, at 61 letters or 68 non-space characters. The longest non-contrived place name in the United Kingdom which is a single non-hyphenated word is Cottonshopeburnfoot (19 letters) and the longest which is hyphenated is Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe (29 characters). The longest place name in the United States (45 letters) is ""Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg"", a lake in Webster, Massachusetts. It means ""Fishing Place at the Boundaries – Neutral Meeting Grounds"" and is sometimes facetiously translated as ""you fish your side of the water, I fish my side of the water, nobody fishes the middle"". The lake

"The Championships, Wimbledon"
The Championships, Wimbledon The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts. Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass. The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June

"All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club"
All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, also known as the All England Club, based at Church Road, Wimbledon, London, England, is a private members' club. It is best known as the venue for the Wimbledon Championships, the only Grand Slam tennis event still held on grass. Initially an amateur event that occupied club members and their friends for a few days each summer, the championships have become far more prominent than the club itself. However, it still operates as a members' tennis club. The club has 375 full members, about 100

as Henman Hill. None of these nicknames are official. The qualifying matches, prior to the main draw, take place at the Bank of England Sports Ground, in Roehampton, from the All-England Club. Social commentator Ellis Cashmore describes Wimbledon as having ""a David Niven-ish propriety"", conforming to the standards of behaviour common in the 1950s. Writer Peter York sees the event as representing a particular white and affluent type of Britishness, describing the area of Wimbledon as ""a southern, well off, late-Victorian suburb with a particular social character"". Cashmore has criticised the event for being ""remote and insulated"" from the changing

"Wimbledon Cricket Club Ground"
Wimbledon Cricket Club Ground Wimbledon Cricket Club Ground is a cricket ground in Wimbledon, London. The ground is located opposite the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, famous for hosting the Wimbledon Championships. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1891, when Wimbledon played Marlborough Blues. In constant use from 1891 to the present day, the ground has also hosted several Second XI Championship fixtures for the Surrey Second XI. The ground has held a single List-A match, which came in the 1999 NatWest Trophy and was between the Surrey Cricket Board and Cheshire. In local domestic

cricket, the venue is the home ground of Wimbledon Cricket Club who play in the Surrey Championship. The club has used the ground since 1854. Wimbledon Cricket Club Ground Wimbledon Cricket Club Ground is a cricket ground in Wimbledon, London. The ground is located opposite the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, famous for hosting the Wimbledon Championships. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1891, when Wimbledon played Marlborough Blues. In constant use from 1891 to the present day, the ground has also hosted several Second XI Championship fixtures for the Surrey Second XI. The ground

""The All England Lawn Tennis Championships"", ""The Wimbledon Championships"" or simply ""Wimbledon"". From 1912 to 1924, the tournament was recognized by the International Lawn Tennis Federation as the ""World Grass Court Championships"". Wimbledon is considered the world's premier tennis tournament and the priority of the Club is to maintain its leadership. To that end a long-term plan was unveiled in 1993, intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours. Stage one (1994–1997) of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and involved building the new No. 1 Court in Aorangi Park, a broadcast

Slam event played on grass courts. At one time, all the Majors, except the French Open, were played on grass. The US Open abandoned grass in 1975 and the Australian Open in 1988. The principal court, Centre Court, was opened in 1922 when the Club moved from Worple Road to Church Road. The Church Road venue was larger and was needed to meet the ever-growing public demand. Due to the possibility of rain during Wimbledon, a retractable roof was installed prior to the 2009 Championship. It is designed to close/open in about 20 minutes and will be closed primarily to

the finals and semifinals of the main events, as well as many matches in the earlier rounds involving top-seeded players or local favourites. The second most important court is No. 1 Court. The court was constructed in 1997 to replace the old No.1 Court, which was adjacent to Centre Court. The old No.1 Court was demolished because its capacity for spectators was too low. The court was said to have had a unique, more intimate atmosphere and was a favourite of many players. The new No.1 Court has a capacity of approximately 11,000. Construction on a new retractable roof on

wartime servicemen returning to civilian life during their demobilisation leave. Initially, this scheme extended only to the Royal Navy, followed by the Army in 1947 and the Royal Air Force in 1949. In 1965 London Fire Brigade members joined the ranks of stewards. The service stewards, wearing uniform, are present in Centre Court and No.'s 1, 2, 3, 12 and 18 courts. In 2015, 595 Service and London Fire Brigade stewards attended. Only enlisted members of the Armed Forces may apply for the role, which must be taken as leave, and half of each year's recruits must have stewarded at

10,000 litres of cream. The tournament is also notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club founded on 23 July 1868, originally as ""The All England Croquet Club"". Its first ground was at Nursery Road off Worple Road, Wimbledon. In 1876, lawn tennis, a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier as an outdoor version of court tennis and originally

"70th Academy Awards"
held in 1990, and he had hosted the previous year's gala. Nearly a month earlier in an event held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on February 28, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Ashley Judd. ""Titanic"" won a record-tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. Other winners included ""As Good as It Gets"", ""Good Will Hunting"" and ""L.A. Confidential"" with two awards, and ""The Full Monty"", ""Geri's Game"", ""Karakter"", ""The Long Way Home"", ""Visas and Virtue"", ""Men in Black"" and ""A Story of Healing"" with one.

"Academy Award for Best Actor"
is nominated for a specific performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year. Since its inception, the award has been given to 80 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars. Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2018 ceremony, Gary Oldman is the most recent winner in this category for portraying former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in ""Darkest Hour"". In the following table, the years are

Sound (Gary Rydstrom, Tom Johnson, Gary Summers, Mark Ulano), Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Original Dramatic Score, Best Original Song. Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart and the make-up artists were the three nominees that did not win. James Cameron's original screenplay and Leonardo DiCaprio were not nominees. It was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ""Ben-Hur"". """" would also match this record in 2004. ""Titanic"" won the 1997 Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as three Grammy Awards for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture

"Empire Award for Best Actor"
readers of ""Empire"" magazine. Since its inception, the award has been given to 18 actors. Johnny Depp and James McAvoy have received the most awards in this category with two awards each. Johnny Depp was nominated on five occasions, more than any other actor. Hugh Jackman is the most recent winner in this category for his role in ""Logan"". In the list below, winners are listed first in the colored row in boldface, followed by the other nominees. The number of the ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in parentheses after the awards year, linked to the article (if any) on

The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history. The nominees for the 70th Academy Awards were announced on February 10, 1998, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the Academy, and actress Geena Davis. ""Titanic"" received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's ""All About Eve"", and later 2016's ""La La Land"", also achieved this distinction); ""Good Will Hunting"" and ""L.A. Confidential"" came in second with nine apiece. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23,

Academy Award for Best Actor The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in ""The Last Command"" and ""The Way of All Flesh"". Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from

1998. With eleven awards, ""Titanic"" tied with ""Ben-Hur"" for the most Academy Awards in Oscar history. It also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenwriting nomination since 1965's ""The Sound of Music"". Best Actress winner Helen Hunt became the first performer to win an Oscar while concurrently starring in a television series; Jack Nicholson became the fourth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. Both won for their roles in ""As Good as It Gets"", making it the seventh film to win both lead acting awards. Nominated for their performances as Rose DeWitt Bukater in

"Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor"
Buyers Club"" as Ron Woodroof † 2014: Michael Keaton – ""Birdman"" as Riggan Thomson ‡ 2015: Leonardo DiCaprio – ""The Revenant"" as Hugh Glass † 2016: Casey Affleck – ""Manchester by the Sea"" as Lee Chandler † 2017: Gary Oldman – ""Darkest Hour"" as Winston Churchill † 2018: Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association at their annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards. 2000: Russell Crowe – ""Gladiator"" as Maximus Decimus Meridius †

"Laurence Naismith"
Laurence Naismith Laurence Naismith (born Lawrence Johnson; 14 December 19085 June 1992) was an English actor. He made numerous film and television appearances, including starring roles in the musical films ""Scrooge"" (1970) and the children's ghost film ""The Amazing Mr Blunden"" (1972). He also had memorable rôles as Captain Edward Smith of the RMS Titanic in ""A Night to Remember"" (1958), the First Sea Lord in ""Sink the Bismarck!"" (1960), and Argus in ""Jason and the Argonauts"" (1963). Naismith was born as Lawrence Johnson in Thames Ditton, Surrey, in 1908. He attended All Saints Choir School, Margaret Street, London and

"Empire Award for Best British Actor"
being Best British Actress and Best British Director). Winners were voted by the readers of ""Empire"" magazine. Since its inception, the award has been given to six actors. Ewan McGregor had received the most awards in this category with four awards and was nominated on seven occasions, more than any other actor. Paddy Considine was the last winner in this category for his role in ""Dead Man's Shoes"". In the list below, winners are listed first in boldface, followed by the other nominees. The number of the ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in parentheses after the awards year, linked to

"1983 America's Cup"
1983 America's Cup The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the ""Australia II"", skippered by John Bertrand, against defender ""Liberty"", skippered by Dennis Conner. ""Australia II"" won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series. Skippered by team principal Dennis Conner, ""Liberty"" won all the Defender trials and on September 2,

would have been the national effort... without that there never would have been the ticker-tape parade up Fifth Avenue in New York, lunch with the President at the White House and all the doors of opportunity that it opened”. 1983 America's Cup The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the ""Australia II"", skippered by John Bertrand, against defender ""Liberty"", skippered by Dennis Conner. ""Australia II"" won the

"1987 America's Cup"
1987 America's Cup The 1987 America's Cup was the twenty-sixth challenge for the America's Cup. The American challenger ""Stars & Stripes 87"", sailed by Dennis Conner, beat the Australian defender ""Kookaburra III"", sailed by Iain Murray, four wins to nil in the best of seven series. Conner thus became the first person both to lose the America's Cup and then to win it back. The series was held in Gage Roads off Fremantle, Western Australia during the Australian summer months between October 1986 and February 1987. The Royal Perth Yacht Club was the defending club and the organiser of the

"America's Cup"
cup was irreparable. London's Garrards silversmiths, who had manufactured the cup in 1848, painstakingly restored the trophy to its original condition over three months, free of charge. In 2003, an extra 20 cm was added to the cup's base to accommodate the names of future winners. At Auckland in 1999–2000, Team New Zealand, led by Sir Peter Blake, and again skippered by Russell Coutts, defeated the Italian Prada Challenge from the Yacht Club Punta Ala. The Italians had previously beaten the ""AmericaOne"" syndicate from the St Francis Yacht Club in the Louis Vuitton Cup final. This was the first America's

for the Cup defense. Sporting the now famous Boxing Kangaroo flag and the controversial winged keel designed by Ben Lexcen, the hull of ""Australia II"" was kept under wraps between races and was subject to attempts by the NYYC to disqualify the boat. In the cup races, the Australians got off to a bad start with equipment failures and false starts giving the defenders a head start. But it was not to be a repeat of the last 132 years: the Australians came back to win the 1983 America's Cup 4–3 in a best-of-seven format. This was the first time

Royal Perth Yacht Club began relaxing this requirement. Numerous members of the New Zealand AC 2000 team became key members of the Swiss 2003 ""Alinghi"" challenge, led by biotechnology entrepreneur Ernesto Bertarelli. To satisfy the crew nationality requirements, New Zealand team members of Alinghi took up residence in Switzerland. In 2003, several strong challengers vied for the right to sail for the cup in Auckland during the challenger selection series. Bertarelli's team representing the Swiss yacht club, Société Nautique de Genève (SNG), beat all her rivals in the Louis Vuitton Cup and in turn won the America's Cup 5–0. In

"1980 America's Cup"
1980 America's Cup The 1980 America's Cup was held in September 1980 at Newport, Rhode Island. The US defender, ""Freedom"", skippered by Dennis Conner, defeated the Australian challenger, ""Australia"", skippered by James Hardy, four races to one. This was the last successful defence of the cup by the New York Yacht Club and the last defender designed by the naval architectural firm Sparkman & Stephens. It was the sixth unsuccessful challenge by Australia and the third by Alan Bond. ""Freedom"" had beaten ""Courageous"" and ""Clipper"" to become the defender. ""Australia"" had beaten ""France III"", ""Lionheart"" and ""Sverige"" to become the

in what observers described as the most controversial cup match to that point. (The 2010 America's Cup was a direct descendant of the 1988 cup, as it featured two gigantic multi-hull yachts and generated even more legal activity and controversy ). In the wake of the 1988 controversies, the International America's Cup Class (IACC) was introduced, replacing the 12-metre class that had been used since 1958. In 1992, USA-23 of the ""America³"" team, skippered by billionaire Bill Koch and sailing legend Harry “Buddy” Melges, defeated the Italian challenger ""Il Moro ITA-25"", owned by billionaire Raul Gardini's Il Moro di Venezia,

"1962 America's Cup"
1962 America's Cup The 1962 America's Cup, the second to be sailed in 12-metre yachts, marked the first challenge for the Cup from a country other than Great Britain or Canada, and was the first challenge from a country in the southern hemisphere. An Australian syndicate headed by Sir Frank Packer, representing the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, challenged with their yacht ""Gretel."" Although the New York Yacht Club won the regatta four races to one represented by the yacht ""Weatherly,"" the challenger, ""Gretel"" won the second race, beating the Americans for the first time since the 1930s, and only lost

Oracle Team USA. New Zealand won the America's Cup with a score of 7 to 1. The next America's Cup will see the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron defend the cup. The Challenger of Record is Circolo della Vela Sicilia who will be represented by their team Luna Rossa Challenge. The event will be held in the southern summer, in the early part of 2021. The series will be contested in the AC75 class monohulls. New York Yacht Club: 25–1 In 1928, Goodyear chairman Paul W. Litchfield began a tradition of naming the company's blimps after America's Cup yachts, including

"LeBron James"
Wilt Chamberlain for fifth on the all-time NBA scoring list. On November 18, he scored a season-high 51 points in a 113–97 win over the Heat. James made his debut for the United States national team at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. He spent the Games mostly on the bench, averaging 14.6 minutes per game with 5.8 points and 2.6 rebounds per game in eight games. Team USA finished the competition with a bronze medal, becoming the first U.S. basketball team to return home without a gold medal since adding active NBA players to their line-up. James felt his

Award in 2009 and 2010. However, after falling short of the championship expectations set by the media, fans, and himself, James departed Cleveland in 2010 as a free agent to sign with the Miami Heat. This move was announced in an ESPN special titled ""The Decision"", and is one of the most controversial free agent decisions in American sports history. In Miami, James won his first NBA championship in 2012, and followed that with another title a year later. He was named league MVP and NBA Finals MVP in both championship years. In 2014, James opted out of his contract

and perimeter, called the defensive sets, and provided scoring when needed. During a game against Australia, he recorded the first triple-double in U.S. Olympic basketball history with 11 points, 14 rebounds and 12 assists. Team USA went on to win their second straight gold medal, again defeating Spain in the final game. James contributed 19 points in the win, becoming the all-time leading scorer in U.S. men's basketball history. He also joined Michael Jordan as the only players to win an NBA MVP award, NBA championship, NBA Finals MVP, and Olympic gold medal in the same year. Afterwards, Krzyzewski said

NBA history to do so. In Game 1 of the Finals, James missed most of the fourth quarter because of leg cramps, helping the Spurs take an early series lead. In Game 2, he led the Heat to a series-tying victory with 35 points on a 64 percent shooting rate. San Antonio eventually eliminated the Heat in five games, ending Miami's quest for a three-peat. For the Finals, James averaged 28.2 points, 7.8 rebounds, and 2.0 steals per game. On June 25, 2014, James opted out of his contract with the Heat, and on July 1, he officially became an

scored a playoff career-high 51 points, but Cleveland was defeated in overtime. Following the defeat, James injured his hand after punching a wall in the locker room, which hindered his effectiveness for the remainder of the series. The Cavaliers lost the series in four games, with James averaging 34 points, 8.5 rebounds, and 10 assists per game for the Finals. On June 29, 2018, James opted out of his contract with the Cavaliers and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 1, his management company, Klutch Sports, announced that he would sign with the Los Angeles Lakers, which was officially

James ""is the best player, he is the best leader and he is as smart as anybody playing the game right now."" Standing and weighing , James has started at small forward and power forward, but he can also play the other three positions. Thoughout most of his career, he has controlled the offense as the primary ball handler on his team. His athletic and versatile playing style has drawn comparisons to Hall of Famers Oscar Robertson, Magic Johnson, and Michael Jordan. James's career averages are 27.2 points, 7.4 rebounds, 7.2 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.8 blocks per game. Since

As a result of James's endorsement money and NBA salary, he has been listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes. In 2013, he surpassed Kobe Bryant as the highest paid basketball player in the world, with earnings of $56.5 million. In 2014, James realized a profit of more than $30 million as part of Apple's acquisition of Beats Electronics; he had originally struck a deal to get a small stake in the company at its inception in exchange for promoting its headphones. In 2015, he was ranked the sixth highest earning sportsperson, and third highest in 2016 (after Cristiano

2011, he has been ranked the best player in the NBA by ESPN and ""Sports Illustrated"". As an 18-year-old rookie, James led the Cavaliers in scoring. He holds numerous ""youngest to"" distinctions, including being the youngest player to score 30,000 career points. During his first stint in Cleveland, he was primarily used as an on-ball point forward, and although his shooting tendencies were perimeter-oriented, he established himself as one of the best slashers and finishers in basketball. His combination of speed, quickness, and size often created matchup problems for opposing teams because he was capable of blowing by larger defenders

James scored a career-high and franchise-record 61 points in a game against the Charlotte Bobcats. Throughout the year, he was one of the few staples for a Heat roster that used 20 different starting lineups due to injuries, finishing with averages of 27.1 points, 6.9 rebounds, and 6.4 assists per game on 56.7 percent shooting. In the second round of the playoffs, he tied a career postseason-high by scoring 49 points in Game 4 against the Brooklyn Nets. In the next round, Miami defeated the Pacers to earn their fourth consecutive Finals berth, becoming one of only four teams in

with Miami after four seasons to re-sign with the Cavaliers. In 2016, James led the Cavaliers to their first NBA championship by defeating the Golden State Warriors to end Cleveland's 52-year professional sports title drought. In 2018, he opted out of his Cleveland contract to sign with the Lakers. James was born on December 30, 1984, in Akron, Ohio to a 16-year-old mother, Gloria Marie James. His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in their life. When James was growing up, life was often a struggle for the family, as they moved from apartment

"Speed of sound"
Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per second (1,234.8 km/h; 1,125 ft/s; 767 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in or a mile in . It depends strongly on temperature, but also varies by several meters per second due to which gases are present. The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure

than in liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases, because the solids are more difficult to compress than liquids, while liquids in turn are more difficult to compress than gases. Some textbooks mistakenly state that the speed of sound increases with density. This notion is illustrated by presenting data for three materials, such as air, water and steel, which also have vastly different compressibility, more which making up for the density differences. An illustrative example of the two effects is that sound travels only 4.3 times faster in water than air, despite enormous differences in compressibility of the two

trend above . In particular, in the stratosphere above about , the speed of sound increases with height, due to an increase in temperature from heating within the ozone layer. This produces a positive speed of sound gradient in this region. Still another region of positive gradient occurs at very high altitudes, in the aptly-named thermosphere above . The approximate speed of sound in dry (0% humidity) air, in meters per second, at temperatures near , can be calculated from where ""formula_4"" is the temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). This equation is derived from the first two terms of the

in ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior. In common everyday speech, ""speed of sound"" refers to the speed of sound waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids. For example, (as noted above), sound travels at in air; it travels at in water (4.3 times as fast as in air); and at in iron (about 15 times as fast as in air). In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond, sound travels at 12,000 metres per second (27,000

of glass or optical fiber. Thus, the sound is confined in essentially two dimensions. In two dimensions the intensity drops in proportion to only the inverse of the distance. This allows waves to travel much further before being undetectably faint. A similar effect occurs in the atmosphere. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance. Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per

of the gas. In non-ideal gas behavior regimen, for which the van der Waals gas equation would be used, the proportionality is not exact, and there is a slight dependence of sound velocity on the gas pressure. Humidity has a small but measurable effect on the speed of sound (causing it to increase by about 0.1%–0.6%), because oxygen and nitrogen molecules of the air are replaced by lighter molecules of water. This is a simple mixing effect. In the Earth's atmosphere, the chief factor affecting the speed of sound is the temperature. For a given ideal gas with constant heat

331.6 due to the assumptions made when it is calculated. If ideal gas ""γ"" is assumed to be exactly, the speed is calculated (see section below) to be , the coefficient used above. This equation is correct to a much wider temperature range, but still depends on the approximation of heat capacity ratio being independent of temperature, and for this reason will fail, particularly at higher temperatures. It gives good predictions in relatively dry, cold, low-pressure conditions, such as the Earth's stratosphere. The equation fails at extremely low pressures and short wavelengths, due to dependence on the assumption that the

such as for ""The Queen's Birthday"" is being fired. In a gas or liquid, sound consists of compression waves. In solids, waves propagate as two different types. A longitudinal wave is associated with compression and decompression in the direction of travel, and is the same process in gases and liquids, with an analogous compression-type wave in solids. Only compression waves are supported in gases and liquids. An additional type of wave, the transverse wave, also called a shear wave, occurs only in solids because only solids support elastic deformations. It is due to elastic deformation of the medium perpendicular to

and thus speed of sound, varies with altitude: The medium in which a sound wave is travelling does not always respond adiabatically, and as a result, the speed of sound can vary with frequency. The limitations of the concept of speed of sound due to extreme attenuation are also of concern. The attenuation which exists at sea level for high frequencies applies to successively lower frequencies as atmospheric pressure decreases, or as the mean free path increases. For this reason, the concept of speed of sound (except for frequencies approaching zero) progressively loses its range of applicability at high altitudes.

speed of sound of a monatomic gas goes up by a factor of This gives the 9% difference, and would be a typical ratio for speeds of sound at room temperature in helium vs. deuterium, each with a molecular weight of 4. Sound travels faster in helium than deuterium because adiabatic compression heats helium more since the helium molecules can store heat energy from compression only in translation, but not rotation. Thus helium molecules (monatomic molecules) travel faster in a sound wave and transmit sound faster. (Sound travels at about 70% of the mean molecular speed in gases; the figure

"The Cat in the Hat (film)"
film one star, stating, """"Cat"", another overblown Hollywood raid on Dr. Seuss, has a draw on Mike Myers, who inexplicably plays the Cat by mimicking Bert Lahr in ""The Wizard of Oz""."" Roger Ebert of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"" gave the film 2 out of 4 stars. Although he praised the production design, he considered the film to be ""all effects and stunts and CGI and prosthetics, with no room for lightness and joy"". Ebert and co-host Richard Roeper gave the film ""Two Thumbs Down"". Roeper said of Myers' performance that ""Maybe a part of him was realizing as the movie

it as being ""attractively designed, energetically performed and, above all, blessedly concise, this adaptation of one of the most popular American kids' books walks the safe side of surrealism with its fur-flying shenanigans. The younger the viewers, the better reactions are bound to be, while grownups will sit in varying states of bemusement"". Baldwin addressed complaints the film received because of its dissimilarity to the source material. He expressed a belief that a film is ""an idea about something"" and that because Dr. Seuss' work is so unique, making a feature-length film out of one of his stories that would

"The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!"
has 40 half-hour episodes. PBS Kids renewed it for a second season of 20 episodes which premiered on September 10, 2012. A 20 episode third season is currently in development. Each episode features The Cat in the Hat (voiced by Martin Short), who leads neighbours Nick and Sally, the Fish, and Thing One and Thing Two on a variety of adventures in his ""Thinga-ma-jigger"", a Seussian contraption that can sprout wings, pontoons, booster rockets, change size, and do just about anything else necessary to further the adventure. The adventures are prompted by a question posed by either Nick or Sally

was willing to do anything to bring them to the screen."" Grazer contacted Bo Welch over the phone with the offer to direct the film, and he accepted. When production began, songs written by Randy Newman were dropped because they were deemed inferior. Newman's cousin, David Newman, composed the score for the film. Although Welch and a publicist for Myers denied it, several people said Myers had considerable input into the film's direction, telling some of the cast (co-stars Baldwin and Preston) how to perform their scenes. Tim Allen was originally planned to play the role of the Cat. The

with the cartoon-like sky and colors of the background had to be digitally fixed. The soundtrack was released on November 18, 2003. Originally, Marc Shaiman was going to compose the score for the film, but David Newman was already chosen for the film score, leaving Shaiman in charge of writing the film's songs with Scott Wittman. A song by Smash Mouth (""Getting Better"") and (""Hang “), making it the third Mike Myers-starring film in a row to feature a song by Smash Mouth after ""Shrek"" (2001) and ""Austin Powers in Goldmember"" (2002). The soundtrack also includes a couple of songs

had to emit from the eyes, head and fin motion. Sean Hayes, who provided the voice for the Fish, found the role significantly different from his usual on-camera jobs; he did not know how the final animation would look, and all of his work took place alone in a sound booth. Prior to filming, giant props for the film were stolen from the set. Local police found the props vandalized with graffiti in a mall car park in Pomona, California. Despite this, no arrests had been made and filming was to start the next week. Principal photography took place mostly

"The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
Mayzie"", a special based on a posthumously published Dr. Seuss book. In 1997, a puppet version of the Cat starred in ""The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss"", where he was voiced by Bruce Lanoil and Martin P. Robinson. ""The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!"", an educational animated series based on the ""Random House Library"" series, premiered in September 2010; the Cat is voiced by Martin Short. The production began at Chuck Jones' MGM Animation Studio in the late 1960s after the studio had finished ""The Phantom Tollbooth"" and another Dr. Seuss special, ""Horton Hears a Who!"".

"The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat"
using a device he has invented, the ""Vacusound Sweeper"", in the process sabotaging other sounds within a 50-mile radius. The Grinch then proceeds to his ""darkhouse"", a lighthouse that spreads darkness, to tamper with the Cat's sight. The Cat becomes upset with the Grinch's hijinks and has a psychiatric session with him in a thought bubble to find out what makes him so mean-spirited. Predictably, he gets nowhere with the imaginary Grinch, so he then decides to go over and have a talk with him, but the Grinch makes it so dark that he can't see where he's going, and

was being made that a live-action version of ""The Cat in the Hat"" just wasn't a great idea."" Ebert had the same problem with the film that he had with ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"", in that ""If there is one thing I've learned from these two movies is that we don't want to see Jim Carrey as a Grinch, and we don't want to see Mike Myers as a cat. These are talented comedians, let's see them do their stuff, don't bury them under a ton of technology."" Concerns were also raised over the PG rating of the film

"Bruce Lanoil"
Bruce Lanoil Bruce Lanoil (born July 5, 1960) is an American actor, voice actor and puppeteer for The Jim Henson Company and for The Walt Disney Company, who frequently works with puppeteer David Alan Barclay. Lanoil hails from Brooklyn, New York. He voiced the Cat in the Hat and Fox in Socks in the first season of ""The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss"". For Disney, he is also a voice double for Timon from ""The Lion King"". So far he has voiced Timon in ""Kingdom Hearts II"" and Disney's ""Wild About Safety"" shorts. He has also performed a voice sample

"Back in Black"
Back in Black Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC. It was released on 25 July 1980 by Albert Productions and Atlantic Records. In the late 1970s, AC/DC began achieving significant popularity outside their native Australia, with high-energy live performances and a series of successful albums. After the commercial breakthrough of their 1979 ""Highway to Hell"" album, the band were planning to record a follow-up, but in February 1980 lead vocalist Bon Scott died from alcohol poisoning after a drinking binge. Instead of disbanding, they decided to continue on and enlisted vocalist Brian Johnson,

who made his recorded debut with the band on ""Back in Black"". The album was composed by Johnson, Angus and Malcolm Young, and recorded over seven weeks in the Bahamas from April to May 1980 with producer Robert John ""Mutt"" Lange, whom they had previously worked with on their previous album. Following its completion, the group mixed ""Back in Black"" at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The album's all-black cover was designed as a ""sign of mourning"" for Scott. As their sixth international studio release, ""Back in Black"" was an unprecedented success. It has sold an estimated 50

"Back to Black (song)"
year and decade-end lists of the best in music and was further considered to be one of the singer's signature songs. The single peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart in the United Kingdom and is Winehouse's third best-selling single in that country. Many cover versions by various artists were recorded for the song; most notably, Beyoncé and André 3000 covered it for the of the 2013 film adaptation of the novel ""The Great Gatsby"" (1925). A documentary film based on the life and death of Winehouse, ""Amy"" (2015) features a videoed tape of Winehouse recording the song

he wrote in """" (1990), ""though not as consistently as a refined person like myself might hope, and lead singer Brian Johnson sings like there's a cattle prod at his scrotum, just the thing for fans who can't decide whether their newfound testosterone is agony or ecstasy."" Kitty Empire of ""The Observer"" acknowledged it was ""a preposterous, drongoid record ... built on casual sexism, eye-rolling double entendres, a highly questionable attitude to sexual consent ('Don't you struggle/ Don't you fight/ Don't you worry/ Cos it's your turn tonight') a penchant for firearms, and a crass celebration of the unthinking macho

take. The general attitude in the studio was optimistic. Engineer Tony Platt was dismayed, however, to find the studio's rooms were not sonically complimentary to the group's sound, which was designed to be very dry and compact. A humorous anecdote from the sessions involved a recording being interrupted by random crab shuffling across the studio's wooden floor. Angus Young's particular guitar sound was achieved in part by a wireless guitar device, the Schaffer-Vega Diversity System, a Ken Schaffer design which provided a signal boost and was reissued as a separate guitar effect in 2014. Near the end of the process,

tune their sound system. American death metal group Six Feet Under recorded a cover of the entire album under the title ""Graveyard Classics 2"". Back in Black Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC. It was released on 25 July 1980 by Albert Productions and Atlantic Records. In the late 1970s, AC/DC began achieving significant popularity outside their native Australia, with high-energy live performances and a series of successful albums. After the commercial breakthrough of their 1979 ""Highway to Hell"" album, the band were planning to record a follow-up, but in February 1980 lead

"Back in Black (song)"
Back in Black (song) ""Back in Black"" is a song by AC/DC, appearing as the first track on side two of their 1980 album of the same name. Known for its opening guitar riff, the song was AC/DC's tribute to their former singer Bon Scott. His replacement Brian Johnson recalled to ""Mojo"" magazine in 2009 that when the band asked him to write a lyric for this song, ""they said, 'it can't be morbid – it has to be for Bon and it has to be a celebration. He added: ""I thought, 'Well no pressure there, then' (laughs). I just

(by Remi and Mark Ronson) are worthy of the soul hall-of-famers she namedrops—'Tears Dry On Their Own' is basically 'Ain't No Mountain High Enough' recast as self-recrimination"". ""Back to Black"" was named one of the 10 best albums of 2006 and 2007 by several publications on their year-end albums lists, including ""The Austin Chronicle"" (number four), ""Billboard"" (number three), ""Blender"" (number eight), ""Slant Magazine"" (number four), ""Entertainment Weekly"" (number two), ""The New York Times"" (number three) and ""Time"" (number one). The album was placed at number 40 on ""Rolling Stone""s list of The Top 50 Albums of 2007. ""Entertainment Weekly""

the arrangement of this is sleepy and practically smothers the angst out of the song. Also, Beyoncé lives such a perfect life that she can't convey the same bitter pain in her voice that Amy could."" Back to Black (song) ""Back to Black"" is a song by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse. It was released by Island Records on 30 April 2007 as the third single from Winehouse's second and final studio album of the same name. The song was written by Winehouse and Mark Ronson, and produced by Ronson. ""Back to Black"" was inspired by Winehouse's relationship with

were shot at Venice High School in Venice, California, while the Rydell interiors, including the high school dance, were filmed at Huntington Park High School. The sleepover was shot at a private house in East Hollywood. The Paramount Pictures studio lot was the location of the scenes that involve Frosty Palace and the musical numbers ""Greased Lightning"" and ""Beauty School Dropout"". The drive-in movie scenes were shot at the Burbank Pickwick Drive-In (it was closed and torn down in 1989 and a shopping center took its place). The race was filmed at the Los Angeles River, between the First and

play Coach Calhoun; however, executives at Paramount nixed the idea due to Reems' previous work in adult films, and producers cast Sid Caesar instead. Caesar was one of several veterans of 1950s television (Eve Arden, Frankie Avalon, Joan Blondell, Edd Byrnes, Alice Ghostley, Dody Goodman) to be cast in supporting roles. Coincidentally, Frankie Avalon and Randal Kleiser had both appeared in 1966's ""Fireball 500"", the latter as an extra. The opening beach scene was shot at Malibu's Leo Carrillo State Beach, making explicit reference to ""From Here to Eternity"". The exterior Rydell scenes, including the basketball, baseball and track segments,

"The Greaser's Gauntlet"
as what she has taught him: ""to be temperate, honest, and dispassionate; to bear the burden of life's cross with fortitude and patience."" The film then moves on a tavern on the border, populated by cowboys, miners and railroad construction employees. Tom Berkeley is the engineer of the construction company, and his fianceé Mildred West has just arrived from New York. Bill Gates, an assistant engineer, secretly loves Mildred, though she rebuffs his unwanted advances. Mildred and Tom's entry in the tavern draws everyone's attention, during which a Chinese servant steals money from a group of cowboys playing poker and

Rizzo's character that have been spread around school. She thanks Sandy and muses to herself about how her sins are not as bad as they could be (""There Are Worse Things I Could Do""). The T-Birds, Pink Ladies, and Scorpions gather for the race, with the winner receiving the loser's car as a prize. Just before the race begins, Kenickie hits his head, and Danny takes the wheel. Despite Leo using bladed hub caps (in a sequence paying homage to ""Ben-Hur""), Danny wins the race. Sandy watches from afar and concludes that she must change her approach to life if

"Grease (musical)"
Not on the Soundtrack The original score calls for a piano, two tenor saxophones, bass guitar, percussion, and two guitars. The 2007 revival includes two pianos, two reeds, trombone, trumpet, guitar, bass guitar, and percussion. Grease (musical) Grease is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Named after the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as greasers, the musical is set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (based on William Howard Taft School in Chicago, Illinois) and follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of peer pressure, politics, personal core values, and love. The

and sweet Australian girl Sandy Olsson meet at the beach and fall in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, whose family is returning to Australia, worries that they might never meet again, but Danny tells her that their love is ""only the beginning."" At the beginning of the new school year at Rydell High School (""Grease""), Danny reunites with his fellow gang members, the T-Birds, of whom his best friend Kenickie, along with Doody, Sonny, and Putzie are members. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Danny, Sandy arrives at school, with her family's plans having changed, with her new friend

Grease (musical) Grease is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Named after the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as greasers, the musical is set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (based on William Howard Taft School in Chicago, Illinois) and follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of peer pressure, politics, personal core values, and love. The score borrows heavily from the sounds of early rock and roll. In its original production in Chicago, ""Grease"" was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show. Subsequent productions sanitized it and toned it down. The show

an attempt by Patty to flirt with him, apologizes to Sandy for his behavior at the pep rally, but she rejects him having started dating Tom instead. Danny approaches Coach Calhoun about playing a sport. After picking fights with the jocks in basketball, wrestling and baseball, Calhoun suggests cross-country running; Danny proves to be a successful runner, which impresses Sandy and angers Tom. Danny takes Sandy to the Frosty Palace for a date; they are soon joined by the rest of the greasers, and Danny and Sandy quickly leave in discomfort. Putzie and Jan, in an awkward exchange, agree to

"Bennie and the Jets"
Bennie and the Jets ""Bennie and the Jets"" (also titled as ""Benny & the Jets"") is a song composed by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. The song first appeared on the ""Goodbye Yellow Brick Road"" album in 1973. ""Bennie and the Jets"" has been one of John's most popular songs and was performed during John's appearance at Live Aid. The track is spelled ""Benny"" on the sleeve of the single and in the track listing of the album, but ""Bennie"" on the album vinyl disc label. ""Bennie and the Jets"" was featured on side one of the ""Goodbye Yellow Brick

Road"" album, and Elton John was set against releasing it as a single, believing it would fail. CKLW in Windsor, Ontario, began heavy airplay of the song and it became the #1 song in the Detroit market. This attention caused other American and Canadian Top 40 stations to add it to their playlists as well and as a result, the song peaked at #1 on the US singles chart in 1974. In the US, it was certified Gold on 8 April 1974 and Platinum on 13 September 1995 by the RIAA, and had sold 2.8 million copies by August 1976.

in all sorts of variations, from very close to the original to wildly improvised and extended versions, such as the elaborate version during a Central Park concert in 1980 and another memorable take on it during the ""Elton and his band"" part of the show recorded for what would become ""Live in Australia"" in December 1986. (It can be seen on various Laserdisc releases of the show.) He has also been known to end the song in a wide range of styles, including classical, swing, boogie-woogie and even using the signature five-note phrase from John Williams' score for ""Close Encounters

"The Jetsons"
Their contracts stipulated they would be paid US$500 an episode with a guarantee of 24 episodes' work, i.e. a full season. However, they recorded only one episode, after which they were replaced. Several sources claimed the change had occurred as a result of sponsor conflict between Amsterdam's commitment to ""The Dick Van Dyke Show"" and Carroll's to ""Make Room for Daddy"". The case had been closed by early 1965. In a 2013 interview, Pat Carroll indicated that the court had ruled in favor of Hanna-Barbera. The show's original run consisted of 24 episodes that first aired on ABC from September

""Bennie and the Jets"" was also John's first Top 40 hit on what at the time was called the ""Billboard"" Hot Soul Singles chart, where it peaked at #15, the highest position out of the three of his singles which reached that chart. The acceptance of ""Bennie"" on R&B radio helped land John, a huge soul music fan, a guest appearance on the edition of 17 May 1975 of ""Soul Train"", where he played ""Bennie and the Jets"" and ""Philadelphia Freedom"". In Canada, it held the #1 spot on the ""RPM"" national singles chart for two weeks (13–20 April), becoming

Whiteley and Laura Brownhill. The video was influenced by early cinema and the work of Busby Berkeley, portraying characters as participants on a talent show auditioning for Bennie. The song contains the line ""She's got electric boots, a mohair suit"", which is often misheard as ""She's got electric boobs, and mohair shoes"". A scene in the film 27 Dresses shows that this is but one of many mondegreens that listeners have invented for this song. Bennie and the Jets ""Bennie and the Jets"" (also titled as ""Benny & the Jets"") is a song composed by Elton John and Bernie Taupin.

completed on March 28, 1963. The sale price was $1 million. On April 15, 1963, the team named Wilbur ""Weeb"" Ewbank as their head coach and general manager. Ewbank had won back-to-back NFL championships in 1958 and 1959 with the Baltimore Colts, and was one of the most respected coaches in the game. The Colts had fired Ewbank in favor of Don Shula, an untested 33-year-old. Werblin also announced a new name for his team, the Jets, which had been selected from among 500 candidates submitted by ""friends, enemies, and advertising agencies"". The name was chosen over Dodgers, Borros, and

his first #1 single of 1974 and his fourth overall. The song tells of ""Bennie and the Jets"", a fictional band of whom the song's narrator is a fan. The song is written in the key of G major. In interviews, Taupin has said that the song's lyrics are a satire on the music industry of the 1970s. The greed and glitz of the early 1970s music scene is portrayed by Taupin's words: Taupin also goes on to describe the flashy wardrobe of ""Bennie"", the leader of the band: Produced by Gus Dudgeon, the song was recorded during the ""Goodbye

"History of Benzedrine"
Jets is a song composed by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. The song's titular character ""Bennie"" is an allusion to Benzedrine. Similarly, the titular ""Jets"" is an allusion to ""speed"" (a popular street name for amphetamines). """"On the Beam"""" was written by Jerome Kern and Johnny Mercer for the film You Were Never Lovelier, 1942, but was not included in the film's final release. ""On the Beam"" contains Mercer's lyrics, <br>""I'm like the B-19/<br> Loaded with Benzedrine/<br> When I come on the scene/<br> I bust a hole in the sky.""<br> It was composed for Fred Astaire and his rendition of

produced the successful singles ""Stressed Out"" and ""Ride"". In addition, the single ""Heathens"", recorded for the soundtrack of the film ""Suicide Squad"", made the group the first alternative artist to have two concurrent top ten singles in the United States. The duo's fifth studio album, ""Trench"", was released on October 5, 2018. They have won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. Tyler Joseph first met future bandmate Nicholas ""Nick"" Thomas at a young age while playing youth basketball in Columbus, Ohio. Thomas later transferred to Joseph's middle school, and the two would remain friends through high school. Joseph

"The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2"
the PlayStation 4 was chosen as platform for the game because ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight Revival"", an enhanced port of the original game for the system, was well received. A Winter 2017 release was announced at the same time. Later that month, the February 23 release date was revealed. The game will be released in North America and Europe in March 2018. ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2"" received a 33/40 score in issue 1472 of Famitsu upon its Japanese release. Commercially, the game was not as successful in Japan as its predecessor. According to Media Create,

The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2"" is an action role-playing game with a top-down isometric view. Players fight their way through a variety of levels as Hundred Knight, a magical creature that can be equipped with five types of weapons: swords, hammers, staffs, lances, and spears. Each weapon type differs in attack range, speed, and motion. By changing the order of use, players create many different combos. The world of Kevala is corrupted by the Witch Disease, an illness developed in children under age 10. Its cause is unknown. A third eye

"The Witch and the Hundred Knight"
to other titles. There was talk, early in development, about making it an open world game, but instead NIS chose to focus on the 3D graphics technology. The development team has been working on the action part of the game and reducing load times, and the open world were scrapped. ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight"" was originally scheduled for release in Japan on June 28, 2012, but was later pushed back to an indefinite 2013 release date, and was eventually released on July 25, 2013. The game was released in Europe on March 21, 2014, and in North America

"The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings"
hunter known as a Witcher. The fantasy world in which his adventures take place owes much to Polish history and Slavic mythology. The game was both a critical and commercial success, selling more than nearly two million copies by May 2012. The third installment in the series, """", was released in May 2015. The gameplay of ""The Witcher 2"" is a marked departure from that of its predecessor. Combat, for instance, is much more complex, with additions in the form of abilities to lay traps and aim and throw ranged weapons. The protagonist, Geralt, has an improved offensive and defensive

only 13,421 physical copies of the game were sold during the week of release, compared to 49,209 copies in the week of launch of the first game for PlayStation 3 in 2013. ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2"" was met with a mixed reception upon its western release, holding an average critic score of 61 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 24 reviews. Most reviewers criticised the game's pacing, repetitiveness, and lack of innovation and improvements on the first game. The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 ""The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2"" is an action role-playing

Projekt Red had projected. Of the 940,000 copies sold, 200,000 were online sales (digital sales). Additional statistics for online sales were reported in November 2011. Direct2Drive, Impulse and Gamersgate's combined sales were a total of 10,000 units. GOG sold 40,000 copies. Within the same time period, 200,000 copies of ""The Witcher 2"" were sold on Steam. By May 2012, the game had sold 1.7 million copies. By February 2013, the combined sales of the game and its predecessor exceeded 5 million. By March 2014, ""The Witcher"" series has sold 7 million copies of both games. By September 2014, the series

"The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt – Blood and Wine"
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt – Blood and Wine The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt – Blood and Wine is the second and final expansion pack for the 2015 video game """". Developed by CD Projekt Red, ""Blood and Wine"" was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 31 May 2016. The expansion follows Geralt of Rivia as he travels to Toussaint, a duchy untouched by the war taking place in the base game, as he hopes to track down a mysterious beast terrorizing the region. The expansion received universal acclaim from critics, and, despite being a DLC,

"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2"
experience supernatural phenomena and psychological unraveling. Originally conceived by Berlinger and co-writer Dick Beebe as a psychological thriller and meditation on mass hysteria, ""Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2"" was significantly altered in post-production, which Berlinger would later claim compromised his original vision. Among the changes were a new soundtrack, additional editing, and the integration of entirely new sequences. The film was released in theaters in North America and the United Kingdom on October 27, 2000 to largely negative reviews from critics and audiences; it was, however, a financial success, grossing $47 million worldwide against its $15 million budget. In

the half-naked character Triss on the cover. In Russia, publishers 1C Company released a real-life nude calendar with copies of the game. When American President Barack Obama visited Poland in May 2011, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk gave him several gifts including the Collector's Edition of ""The Witcher 2"". On 27 January 2012, CD Projekt Red announced an ""Enhanced Edition"" of ""The Witcher 2"" via its sister company GOG.com. It was released on 17 April 2012 on the Xbox 360 and on Microsoft Windows via Steam and GOG.com. All existing owners of ""The Witcher 2"" received free upgrades to the

"Dishonored 2"
Dishonored 2 Dishonored 2 is an action-adventure video game developed by Arkane Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. The sequel to 2012's ""Dishonored"", the game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 11 November 2016. The game takes place in the fictional city of Karnaca. After Empress Emily Kaldwin is deposed by the witch Delilah Copperspoon, the player may choose between playing as either Emily or her Royal Protector and father Corvo Attano as they attempt to reclaim the throne. Both Emily and Corvo employ their own array of supernatural abilities, though the player can alternatively

"Jack Skellington"
Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Jack is the ""Pumpkin King"" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions. His overall appearance is a skeleton dressed in a black pin-striped suit and a bow tie that strongly resembles a black bat. Originally, his suit was meant to be completely black, but it blended with the background too well, so

fall into Oogie's cauldron and are killed. Jack apologizes to Santa for his actions, and Santa assures Jack that he can fix things and returns to Christmas Town. As Santa replaces the Halloween-style presents with genuine ones, the townspeople of Halloween Town celebrate Jack's return. Santa then visits Halloween Town and brings them a snowfall for the residents to play with. In the graveyard, Jack and Sally declare their love for each other. The cast also features Kerry Katz, Carmen Twillie, Randy Crenshaw, Debi Durst, Glenn Walters, Sherwood Ball, and Greg Proops voicing various characters. Patrick Stewart recorded narration for

six feet tall and sold exclusively at Spirit Halloween. In the ""Disney Infinity"" toys-to-life series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable figurines. Jamie Frater adds, ""Jack is perfectly realized as the 'town hero' who seeks more in his life (or death, as it may be), a place we all find ourselves time to time."" UGO Networks listed Jack as one of their best heroes of all time. Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Jack is the ""Pumpkin King"" of Halloween Town, a fantasy

"Fran Kranz"
Fran Kranz Francis Elliott ""Fran"" Kranz (born July 13, 1981) is an American film, television and Broadway actor. He is known for his portrayal of Topher Brink in the science fiction drama series ""Dollhouse"". He had prominent roles in the films ""The Cabin in the Woods"" and ""Much Ado About Nothing"". In 2012, he played Bernard in ""Death of a Salesman"" beginning a career on Broadway that continued with 2014's ""You Can't Take It with You"". Kranz was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started acting in third and fourth grade, and knew from a very young age

"Chris Sarandon"
Chris Sarandon Christopher Sarandon Jr. (; born July 24, 1942) is an American actor. He is known best for playing Prince Humperdinck in the movie ""The Princess Bride"", the vampire Jerry Dandrige in ""Fright Night"", Detective Mike Norris in ""Child's Play"" (1988), and for providing the speaking voice of Jack Skellington in ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Leon Shermer in ""Dog Day Afternoon"". Sarandon was born and raised in Beckley, West Virginia, the son of restaurateurs Christopher ""Chris"" Sarandon and Cliffie (née Cardullias). His father, whose

"Denver Nuggets"
some periods of success, qualifying for the ABA Playoffs for all seasons from 1967 to the 1976 ABA playoffs where it lost in the finals. The team joined the NBA in 1976 after the ABA–NBA merger and qualified for the NBA playoffs in nine consecutive seasons in the 1980s and ten consecutive seasons from 2004 to 2013. However, it has not made an appearance in a championship round since its last year in the ABA. The Nuggets play their home games at Pepsi Center, which they share with the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Colorado

a return to the Denver ""rainbow skyline"" logo, but used the team's ""Aachen"" typeface and color scheme of powder blue, navy & gold. For the 2015–16 season, the Nuggets modified the script and numbering fonts on their home and away jerseys, with a gold ""Nuggets"" script on the home white jersey and a gold ""Denver"" script on the powder blue away jersey — both with the ""Coliseum"" typeface. Navy blue numerals trimmed in gold, as well as navy blue nameplates, were featured on both the home and away jerseys. The alternate gold ""skyline"" jerseys were also tweaked, with a retro

Masai Ujiri replaced Mark Warkentien as the General Manager, while Josh Kroenke was named team president. Stan Kroenke bought full ownership in the then-St. Louis Rams of the NFL in 2010. Since the NFL does not allow its owners to hold majority control of major-league teams in other NFL cities, Kroenke turned over day-to-day control of the Nuggets and Avalanche to Josh Kroenke toward the end of 2010, and transferred his controlling interest in both teams to his wife in 2015. On February 22, 2011, after months of speculation that he wanted to leave the Nuggets, Carmelo Anthony was traded

in the NBA. From 1977–82, their home uniforms were white, with a ""Nuggets"" script written across the chest in a darker royal blue, with gold trim around the script and jersey numbers. The royal blue away jersey had ""Denver"" written across the chest in white, with gold trim. From 1981–82 through 1992–93, the Nuggets wore the Denver ""rainbow city"" skyline across the chest and back on both the home and away uniforms. Some fans also call the iconic 1980s logo the ""Tetris"" logo, due to the buildings that shadow the mountains on the logo which are in the shape of

with gold and royal blue trim. These jerseys, along with the team logo, were tweaked prior to the 2008–09 season, with the royal blue replaced by the shade of navy blue that had been part of the team's color scheme from 1993–2003. These jerseys were used until the 2014–15 season, while the snow-capped mountain logo would serve as the team's primary logo until the 2017–18 season. In the 2005–06 season, the Nuggets also introduced an alternate logo, as well as an alternate navy blue uniform. The alternate logo featured twin intersecting gold pick axes in a powder blue circle, with

former Nuggets player who assumed General Manager duties on August 9, 2001. In April, the turnaround was complete as they became the first franchise in NBA history to qualify for the postseason following a sub-20-win campaign the previous year since the NBA went to an 82-game schedule. They were eliminated in the first round 4 games to 1 by the Minnesota Timberwolves. On December 28, 2004, head coach Jeff Bzdelik was fired from the organization and replaced by interim coach, former Los Angeles Lakers player and Los Angeles Sparks head coach Michael Cooper. The Nuggets later hired George Karl as

High City"" in white surrounding sunshine yellow numbers, plus a midnight blue mountain peak silhouette and a sunshine yellow pick axe logo on the sides of the shorts. A modernized version of the skyline logo adorns the waistline. The circular ""pick axe logo,"" which had served as the Nuggets' alternate logo since 2005, became the team's new primary logo, replacing the snow-capped mountain/enlarged western-style wordmark logo that had served as the team's primary logo (in three different versions) since 1993. The colors on the circular pick axe logo were also modified with the team's new color scheme. In the 2017–18

Super Bowl title. On March 7, 2016, quarterback Peyton Manning retired after 18 NFL seasons during a press conference at the team's Dove Valley headquarters. Following Manning's retirement, the Broncos have undergone changes at the quarterback position, including the free agent departure of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler to the Houston Texans, the trade acquisition of Mark Sanchez from the Philadelphia Eagles and the selection of Paxton Lynch during the 2016 draft. Sanchez, Lynch and second-year quarterback Trevor Siemian competed for the starting quarterback spot during the off-season and preseason; however, Sanchez was released and Siemian was named the starter prior

"Indianapolis 500"
saw a field of 40 starters, with Harroun piloting a Marmon Model 32-based ""Wasp"" racer—outfitted with his invention, the rear view mirror. Harroun (with relief from Cyrus Patschke) was declared the winner, although Ralph Mulford protested the official result. Eighty thousand spectators were in attendance, and an annual tradition had been established. Many considered Harroun to be a hazard during the race, as he was the only driver in the race driving without a riding mechanic, who checked the oil pressure and let the driver know when traffic was coming. In 1912, the purse was raised to US$50,000. The field

was limited to 33 (where it remains) and a riding mechanic was made mandatory. This second event was won by Joe Dawson in a National, after Ralph de Palma's Mercedes broke. Although the first race was won by an American driver at the wheel of an American car, European makers such as the Italian Fiat or French Peugeot companies soon developed their own vehicles to try to win the event, which they did from 1912 to 1919. The 1913 event saw a change to a maximum engine size. After World War I, the native drivers and manufacturers regained their dominance

which was shortened to after two severe wrecks). That these spectacles had attracted 15,000 paying customers (and crowds of up to 40,000) persuaded principal owner Carl G. Fisher to spend US$155,000 on repaving the track with 3.2 million bricks; he also added a concrete wall around the track's circumference. During the 1910 Decoration Day weekend, the first events on the newly paved circuit drew 60,000 spectators; Ray Harroun won the Wheeler-Schebler Trophy in a Marmon. The crowds grew progressively smaller for the rest of the season, however, so the track owners chose to focus on a single race. They considered

"1914 Indianapolis 500"
attended the race. Each of the first two races were won by Americans; Ray Harroun in 1911 and Joe Dawson in 1912. In 1913, the large prize-fund attracting European teams and racers, and the race was won by Jules Goux in a Peugeot. During the 1913 race, Goux had drunk champagne during each of his pit stops, and for 1914, the consumption of alcohol during the race was banned. Riding mechanics were mandatory for the 1914 race. The maximum engine size remained unchanged at of engine displacement. There were 45 entrants for the race, but only the quickest 30 drivers

"1911 Indianapolis 500"
1911 Indianapolis 500 The 1911 International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Tuesday, May 30, 1911. It was the inaugural running of the Indianapolis 500, which is one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. Ray Harroun, an engineer with the Marmon Motor Car Company, came out of retirement to drive, and won the inaugural event before re-retiring for good in the winner's circle. Over the previous two seasons (1909 and 1910), the Speedway had scheduled numerous smaller races during a series of meets over the two years. In a departure from that

a 24-hour contest, in the fashion of Le Mans, or a . They instead chose a contest, as the estimated distance a race car could run before dark descended on the track, and a spectacular purse of $US25,000, equivalent to of pure gold. The combination allowed the track to rapidly acquire a privileged status for automobile races. The first ""500"" was held at the Speedway on Decoration Day (as Memorial Day was known from its inception in 1868 to 1967 when Federal Law made Memorial Day the official name), May 30, 1911, run to a maximum engine size formula. It

in the fall of 1909. The event, billed as ""The Greatest Spectacle in Racing"", is considered part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport, which comprises three of the most prestigious motorsports events in the world, also including the Monaco Grand Prix and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The official attendance is not disclosed by Speedway management, but the permanent seating capacity is upwards of 250,000, and infield patrons raise the race-day attendance to approximately 300,000. The inaugural race was held in 1911 and was won by Ray Harroun. The event celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2011, and the 100th

him to win the 1922 edition of the race. Miller then created his own automobiles, which shared the 'Miller' designation, which, in turn, were powered by supercharged versions of his 2.0- and 1.5-liter (122 and 91 in) engine single-seaters, winning four more races for the engine up to 1929 (two of them, 1926 and 1928, in Miller chassis). The engines powered another seven winners until 1938 (two of them, 1930 and 1932, in Miller chassis), then ran at first with stock-type motors before later being adjusted to the international 3.0-liter formula. After purchasing the Speedway in 1927, Eddie Rickenbacker prohibited

1920 race was won by Gaston Chevrolet in a Frontenac, prepared by his brothers, powered by the first eight-cylinder engine to win the 500. For 1923, riding mechanics were no longer required. A supercharged car, ID, first won the race in 1924. In 1925, Pete DePaolo was the first to win at an average over , with a speed of . In the early 1920s, Miller built his own 3.0-liter (183 in) engine, inspired by the Peugeot Grand Prix engine which had been serviced in his shop by Fred Offenhauser in 1914, installing it in Jimmy Murphy's Duesenberg and allowing

when will the next episode of my next guest needs no introduction

"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman"
conducting a long-form conversation with a single guest and in-the-field segments, in which he would explore topics on his own. On January 5, 2018, it was announced that Letterman's guests in the first season would include Barack Obama, George Clooney, Malala Yousafzai, Jay-Z, Tina Fey, and Howard Stern. It was also announced that the series would premiere on January 12, 2018 with Letterman's interview with Obama. This interview was Obama's first since leaving office. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. The show's theme song and

My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American web television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018 on Netflix. The series consists of interviews with one guest per episode both inside and outside a studio setting. In December 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. On August 8, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had ordered a six-episode interview series starring David Letterman. Each hour-long episode was set to feature Letterman

on 29 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, """"My Next Guest"" may not be groundbreaking, but a more intimate setting provides ample room for intelligent, insightful interviews with interesting subjects that go beyond standard late-night conversations."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 70 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American web television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018 on Netflix. The series consists

bridging music were written and recorded by Letterman's long-time bandleader, Paul Shaffer. Soon after it was announced publicly that Netflix had given the series an order, Shaffer received a phone call from Letterman asking him to work on the show. Soon after, Shaffer began to receive cuts of episodes from the first season and he started to put music in afterwards where the director thought it was needed. In developing the sound of the show's music, Shaffer initially looked to Letterman for guidance. Finding none, he remembered he and Letterman's shared love for the sort of music produced at the

"Thanksgiving (Master of None)"
Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, Waithe became the first African-American woman to win an Emmy Award in that category. The episode also won a Gold Derby Award for Best Comedy Episode of the Year. Thanksgiving (Master of None) ""Thanksgiving"" is the eighth episode of the second season of American comedy-drama web television series ""Master of None"". The episode was released on Netflix along with the rest of season 2 on May 12, 2017. It was written by series creator Aziz Ansari and Lena Waithe, who star as Dev Shah and Denise. Melina Matsoukas served as the

"After After Party"
surprise guest drop ins; and the “NTK” or “Need To Know,” the nightly last word of fun and serviceable advice."" On August 8, 2018, it was announced that Facebook had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of thirty episodes. The series was created by Julie Miller and set to be hosted by comedian Sonia Denis. Miller was also slated to serve as an executive producer. Production companies involved with the series were expected to include Refinery29. Each week's episodes are filmed twice a week on Mondays and Wednesdays, with shoots lasting between an hour to

Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama describing it as ""the honesty you hear, the southern soul feeling."" The score initially included drums but the show's producers and director thought that the music should ""feel like it's Dave's old friend Paul playing,"" so it was ultimately stripped down to solely include piano, organ, and bass guitar. The first season of ""My Next Guest Needs No Introduction"" has been met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an 83% approval rating with an average rating of 6.79 out of 10 based

"The Return (The Office)"
broadcaster Marv Albert, who was convicted of sexual assault in the late 1990s. ""The Return"" first aired on January 18, 2007 in the United States on NBC. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by an estimated 10.15 million viewers. ""The Office"" and its lead-in ""My Name is Earl"" finished first in the 18–49 demographic against its time slot competitors, though it was not enough to prevent the overall network from finishing in third place among total viewers. The same day as the episode broadcast, NBC renewed ""The Office"" for a full fourth season, which came as no

episode was ""Oscar's Return"", a reference to the reappearance of actor Oscar Nunez, who had temporarily left the series after the season premiere. Nunez spent the interim working on the Comedy Central series ""Halfway Home"". It was the last episode Daniels filmed before the Thanksgiving holiday, the start of an eight-week break for the cast and crew. Then-president of NBC Entertainment Kevin Reilly played Dwight's first interviewer. Ed Helms noted in the audio commentary that his mother had trouble watching a string of episodes that included ""The Return"" because she found his character so annoying. Helms recorded the self-recorded cellphone

"The Next Programme Follows Almost Immediately"
The Next Programme Follows Almost Immediately The Next Programme Follows Almost Immediately (TNPFAI) was a cult BBC comedy of the 1970s, now almost completely forgotten. The programme starred Bill Wallis, David Jason, Denise Coffey, David Gooderson and Jonathan Cecil. The basic story revolved around a comedy factory, Allied British Comedy with the manager CMD (Wallis) and secretary/announcer Iris (Coffey). Originally broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in the late night Friday slot, as a summer replacement for ""Week Ending"". ""Lines From My Grandfather's Forehead"" occupied the slot as well. A running joke was that Cecil, an actor with a very distinctive

"Hidalgo (nobility)"
untitled, lower stratum of the nobility who were exempted from taxation. The ""Siete Partidas"" (Leyes de Partidas), suggests that the word ""hidalgo"" derives from ""itálico"" (""italic""), a man with full Roman citizenship. There is no evidence for another popular false etymology (folk etymology) that ""hidalgo"" is a corruption for ""hijo de godo"" (""son of the goth""). Every noble was called ""Godo"" (Goths) in the Kingdoms of Leon, Galicia, Portugal and Castile, as descendants of those from the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. The ""godo"" usage became common in the 11th century, when titles of nobility became common; and it remains a

"Hidalgo, Texas"
Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas. Hidalgo, Texas Hidalgo is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,198 at the 2010 census, and in 2016 the estimated population was 13,831. The area that is now Hidalgo was first settled by Spanish colonists led by José de Escandón ""circa"" 1749. The colony was known by multiple names: La Habitación, Rancho San Luís, and San Luisito. In 1852, John Young settled in the area and renamed the town ""Edinburgh"" after his place of birth, Edinburgh, Scotland; Edinburgh became the county seat of Hidalgo County. The town was incorporated in 1876, and

Hidalgo, Texas Hidalgo is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,198 at the 2010 census, and in 2016 the estimated population was 13,831. The area that is now Hidalgo was first settled by Spanish colonists led by José de Escandón ""circa"" 1749. The colony was known by multiple names: La Habitación, Rancho San Luís, and San Luisito. In 1852, John Young settled in the area and renamed the town ""Edinburgh"" after his place of birth, Edinburgh, Scotland; Edinburgh became the county seat of Hidalgo County. The town was incorporated in 1876, and its name was

"Hidalgotitlán"
94°39'W. The main economic activities are agriculture and livestock. Hidalgotitlán Hidalgotitlán is a town in the Mexican state of Veracruz, with a population of near 18,000 in 2000. Its name derives from two words: one Spanish and the other indigenous. The first part is the family name (after the father of the modern Mexican nation, Miguel Hidalgo), and the second part is , a Nahuatl suffix that means ""place"". The settlement stands on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, on the left bank of the River Coatzacoalcos. The nearest major urban centre, the city of Minatitlán, Veracruz, is 17 miles (27 km)

Hidalgotitlán Hidalgotitlán is a town in the Mexican state of Veracruz, with a population of near 18,000 in 2000. Its name derives from two words: one Spanish and the other indigenous. The first part is the family name (after the father of the modern Mexican nation, Miguel Hidalgo), and the second part is , a Nahuatl suffix that means ""place"". The settlement stands on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, on the left bank of the River Coatzacoalcos. The nearest major urban centre, the city of Minatitlán, Veracruz, is 17 miles (27 km) NNW upriver. Geographical coordinates of Hidalgotitlán are 17°46'N and

Hidalgo (nobility) An hidalgo (; ) or a ""fidalgo"" (, ) is a member of the Spanish or Portuguese nobility; the feminine forms of the terms are ""hidalga"", in Spanish, and ""fidalga"", in Portuguese and Galician. In popular usage, the term ""hidalgo"" identifies a nobleman without a hereditary title. In practice, ""hidalgos"" were exempted from paying taxes, yet owned little real property. Since the twelfth century, the phrase ""fijo d'algo"" (""son of something"") and its contraction, ""fidalgo"", were used in the Kingdom of Castile and in the Kingdom of Portugal to identify a type of nobility. In Portugal, the cognate

"Tejupilco de Hidalgo"
Tejupilco de Hidalgo Tejupilco de Hidalgo is the seat of Tejupilco Municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico.It is located approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of the state capital Toluca, along Federal Highway 34. The name Tejupilco comes from Náhuatl meaning ""between the toes"". ""de Hidalgo"" was added to honor Father Miguel Hidalgo who initiated the Mexican War of Independence. While the origins of the original settlers of the area have been forgotten, there are remains of many of their ceremonial centers and tombs atop various hills. The most important of these sites are in Ocotepec, Acatitlán, Acamuchitlán, Bejucos,

not provide him with subsistence. Hidalgo (nobility) An hidalgo (; ) or a ""fidalgo"" (, ) is a member of the Spanish or Portuguese nobility; the feminine forms of the terms are ""hidalga"", in Spanish, and ""fidalga"", in Portuguese and Galician. In popular usage, the term ""hidalgo"" identifies a nobleman without a hereditary title. In practice, ""hidalgos"" were exempted from paying taxes, yet owned little real property. Since the twelfth century, the phrase ""fijo d'algo"" (""son of something"") and its contraction, ""fidalgo"", were used in the Kingdom of Castile and in the Kingdom of Portugal to identify a type of

view, and many consider that nothing can be known about the author except that he was a Christian prophet. Some modern scholars characterise Revelation's author as a putative figure whom they call ""John of Patmos"". The bulk of traditional sources date the book to the reign of the emperor Domitian (AD 81–96), and the evidence tends to confirm this. The book spans three literary genres: the epistolary, the apocalyptic, and the prophetic. It begins with John, on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea, addressing a letter to the ""Seven Churches of Asia"". He then describes a series of

until at last chained up and imprisoned on the mythical Mt. Damāvand. The Middle Persian sources prophesy that at the end of the world, Dahāg will at last burst his bonds and ravage the world, consuming one in three humans and livestock, until the ancient hero Kirsāsp returns to life to kill Dahāg. Whitlock wrote: ""Zoroastrianism, the state religion of the Roman Empire's main rival, was part of the intellectual millieu in which Christianity came into being, just as were Judaism, the Greek-Roman religion, and the worship of Isis and Mithras. A Zoroastrian influence is completely plausible"". Much of Revelation

both accounts have beings with faces of a lion, ox or calf, man, and eagle (Ezek 1:10; Rev 4:7), both accounts have an expanse before the throne (Ezek 1:22; Rev 4:6). The chariot's horses in Zechariah's are the same colors as the four horses in Revelation (Zech 6:1–8; Rev 6:1–8). The nesting of the seven marches around Jericho by Joshua is reenacted by Jesus nesting the seven trumpets within the seventh seal (Josh 6:8–10; Rev 6:1–17; 8:1–9:21; 11:15–19). The description of the beast in Revelation is taken directly out of Daniel (see Dan 7:2–8; Rev 13:1–7). The method that John

"Events of Revelation"
horses dressed in fine linen. The Beast and his False Prophet make war with the armies of Christ but are defeated. In the aftermath of their defeat, the Antichrist and False Prophet are cast alive into the Lake of Fire, which burns forever. Satan is bound in the Abyss for a thousand years. The Saints who died are resurrected (Resurrection of the Saints) and begin their thousand-year reign with Christ (). After the thousand years, Satan is released from the Abyss to deceive the nations and gather Gog and Magog and the people of the world to encircle the camp

Events of Revelation The events of Revelation are the events that occur in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. An outline follows below, chapter by chapter. The first vision that the author experiences is that of entering Heaven and seeing God's throne (). In Revelation, God is described as ""having the appearance like that of jasper and carnelian with a rainbow-like halo as brilliant as emerald"". Around God's throne are twenty four other thrones, on which sit elders in white robes. From the throne come thunder and lightning and, in front of the throne, the author sees seven

mentioned in chapter twelve. John references Psalm 2:9 when he writes ""He will rule them with an iron scepter"" (). This is when the first war between the people of God and rest of the world takes place. After the war has finished the beast and the false prophet are taken captive and thrown into the lake of fire, while all other enemy combatants are killed and their corpses left out on the field for the birds of the sky to devour their flesh (). Jesus returns to earth followed by the armies of Heaven, which are seen riding white

kings of the east and causes the armies of the Antichrist being gathered together to wage the battle of Armageddon. The seventh bowl results in a devastating earthquake followed by giant hailstones (). The woman who rides on the beast is introduced in the seventeenth chapter. The entire chapter is quite symbolic, but an angel explains to John the meaning of what he is seeing. The woman, who is referred to as ""the great prostitute"", ""is the great city who rules over the kings of the earth"" (), who is envied by the ten kings who give power to the

"North London derby"
Robert Pires, with eight goals each. Adebayor also holds the record for most goals by a player in the North London derby with ten: eight scored for Arsenal and two for Tottenham. Arsenal's long-time defender David O'Leary holds the record for most North London derbies played with 35, while Gary Mabbutt and Steve Perryman shared the corresponding record for Spurs, with 31. Terry Dyson is the only Spurs player to score a hat-trick in a first-class derby game, having done so on 26 August 1961 in a 4–3 win for Spurs. The Arsenal players to have done so are Ted

Arsenal Premiership victory at White Hart Lane on 13 November 2004. The biggest winning margin was a 6–0 away win by Arsenal on 6 March 1935. Tottenham have twice won 5–0 (25 December 1911 and 4 April 1983) and Arsenal once (23 December 1978), with all three fixtures taking place at White Hart Lane. Arsenal also won by 5–2 margins both in February and November 2012 home at the Emirates. Tottenham's record for goals scored against Arsenal is shared by Billy Minter and Bobby Smith, with nine goals each. Arsenal's record is held jointly by Emmanuel Adebayor, Alan Sunderland and

is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world."" Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: ""There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."" Between 2005 and 2012, there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with only ""Top Four"" clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) and Chelsea (2012) won the competition during this period, with Arsenal (2006),

the first 21 seasons of the Premier League. In the 2017–18 season, 11 managers were sacked, the most recent being Alan Pardew of West Bromwich Albion. There have been several studies into the reasoning behind, and effects of, managerial sackings. Most famously, Professor Sue Bridgewater of the University of Liverpool and Dr. Bas ter Weel of the University of Amsterdam, performed two separate studies which helped to explain the statistics behind managerial sackings. Bridgewater's study found clubs generally sack their managers upon dropping below an average of one point per match. At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93,

and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The Premier League had 22 teams when it began in 1992, but this was reduced to the present 20-team format in 1995. 49 clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992, up to and including the 2018–19 season. The following 20 clubs will compete in the

"Derbies in the League of Ireland"
2000s, or Shamrock Rovers and Sligo Rovers in the 2010s which stem from title battles. League of Ireland sides also have rivalries with their Northern Irish club counterparts and have often met in cross-border competitions, the latest being the Setanta Sports Cup. They can also meet in European Qualifying Rounds, this has happened on four occasions in the European Cup/Champions League with Waterford United overcoming Glentoran in 1970-71, Dundalk beating Linfield in 1979-80, Shamrock Rovers losing to Linfield in 1984-85 and Shelbourne defeating Glentoran in 2005-06. With six Dublin based clubs currently competing in the league and a number of

"Securities and Exchange Board of India"
collective investment scheme brought under SEBI except NIDHI, chit fund and cooperatives. Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017, replacing U K Sinha, and took charge of the chairman office on 1 March 2017. The board comprises: List of Chairmen: The Preamble of the Securities and Exchange Board of India describes the basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India as ""...to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected there with or incidental there to"". SEBI has to be responsive

SEMAT
How will project success be affected by changing the content and form of the requirements? d. How will project success be affected by changing ...? The GTSE workshop series assists in the development of the SEMAT general software engineering theory by engaging a larger community in the search for, development of, and evaluation of promising theories, which may be used as a base for the SEMAT theory. SEMAT is chaired by Sumeet S. Malhotra of Tata Consultancy Services. The CEO of the organization is Ste Nadin of Fujitsu. The Executive Management Committee of SEMAT consists of Ivar Jacobson, Ste Nadin,

"Sunil Misra"
Sunil Misra Sunil Kumar Misra (born July 5, 1963) is the Director General of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA), in office since October 7, 2013. Before joining IEEMA, he served the Confederation of Indian Industry as Head of Public Policy. Sunil Misra has a unique distinction of leading State, National and Sectoral Industry Associations in India and overseas. He did his schooling from St. Francis College and Lucknow Christian College and is the alumnus of Lucknow University, where he studied English literature, Psychology and Economics. Between 1982 and 1987 Mr Misra was a first generation entrepreneur and moved

lives pursuing their fortunes in foreign lands. From the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, these merchants lived as 'guests' in cities and villages across Afghanistan, Central Asia, Iran and Russia. Sunil Misra Sunil Kumar Misra (born July 5, 1963) is the Director General of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA), in office since October 7, 2013. Before joining IEEMA, he served the Confederation of Indian Industry as Head of Public Policy. Sunil Misra has a unique distinction of leading State, National and Sectoral Industry Associations in India and overseas. He did his schooling from St. Francis College and Lucknow

"The Design Society"
members are elected democratically by the Society’s Members at General Meetings, which take place every two years during the ICED conferences. The current serving officers (2017-2019) are Panos Y. Papalambros (President), Tim C. McAloone (Vice-President), Claudia Eckert (Secretary), Georges Fadel (BM Member), Gaetano Cascini (BM Member), and Yukari Nagai (Advisory Board Chair). The Design Society supports Special Interests Groups (SIGs). SIGs provide opportunities for DS members and non-members to network, share ideas, experience and knowledge, collaborate, learn and open new research topics. Currently, 14 SIGs provide a variety of workshops, conferences, and other activities for individuals interested in specific topics.

"Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association"
Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA) is a national representative organization of manufacturers of electrical, industrial electronics and allied equipment in India. As a representative of the electrical industry, IEEMA maintains the dialogue with the government of India, its departments, electric utilities, users, standardization bodies, educational institutions, research, development and testing agencies. Mr. Shreegopal Kabra is the president of IEEMA for the year 2017 -18, while Mr. Harish Agarwal and Mr. R K Chugh are the two vice presidents. Mr. Sunil Misra is the Director General of IEEMA. Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers'

"Sania Nishtar"
Sania Nishtar Sania Nishtar () (Born: 16 February 1963); SI), is a Pakistani cardiologist, author and activist who is the current BISP chairperson. Previously she served in the interim federal cabinet in 2013 overseeing public health, education and science. She currently co-chairs WHO’s High-Level Commission on Non-communicable diseases along with the Presidents of Uruguay, Finland and Sri-Lanka. She is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on the future of healthcare and co-chairs the U.S National Academy of Sciences Global Study on the Quality of Healthcare in low and middle-income countries. In addition, she also chairs the

"Indian Banks' Association"
honorary secretary for 2018-19. The banks which are members of the managing committee of the IBA include: Indian Banks' Association Indian Banks' Association is managed by a managing committee, and the current managing committee consists of one chairman, 3 deputy chairmen, 1 honorary secretary and 26 members.<br> On september 1 2018, Punjab National Bank MD & CEO Mr. Sunil Mehta was elected as the new chairman of IBA . Dinabandhu Mohapatra, MD & CEO of Bank of india was elected as deputy chairman. State Bank of India's chairman, Ranjish Kumar, and Federal Bank's managing director, Shyam Srinivasan, will continue as

"Sandip Sen"
lives in Mumbai. He has a son, Ambarish and daughter Prarthana. Sandip Sen Sandip Sen (born 4 October 1966) is an Indian business executive. He is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He was appointed as the CEO on 1 December 2012. Sandip is an Honors Graduate in Economics from Presidency College, Kolkata and hold the Master of Business Administration from XLRI, Jamshedpur. Sandip Sen, is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He has over 25 years of experience in the IT & ITES domain. Sandip started his

"Union budget of India"
by Arun Jaitley on 29 February 2016. The Union Budget of India for 2017–2018 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2017. The Union Budget of India for 2018–2019 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2018. Until the year 1999, the Union Budget was announced at 5:00 pm on the last working day of the month of February. This practice was inherited from the Colonial Era, Another reason was that until the 1990s, all that budgets seem to do was to raise taxes, a presentation in the evening gave producers and the tax collecting agencies the night

without a debate. After the general elections in March 1998 that led to the Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Central Government, Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister in this government, presented the interim and final budgets for 1998-99. After general elections in 1999, Sinha again became the Finance Minister and presented four annual budgets from 1999-2000 to 2002-2003. Due to elections in May 2004, an interim budget was presented by Jaswant Singh. Former Finance Minister Morarji Desai presented the budget ten times, the most by any. The Union Budget of India for 2012–2013 was presented by Pranab Mukherjee, the Finance

Union budget of India The Union Budget of India, also referred to as the ""Annual Financial Statement"" in the Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India. The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it could be materialized before the commencement of new financial year in April. Till 2016 it was presented on the last working day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament. The budget, which is presented by means of the Finance bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed by

Minister of India on 16 March 2012, which was the 7th budget of his career. These budgetary proposals would be applicable for financial year 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013. The Union Budget of India for 2013–2014 was presented by P. Chidambaram on 28 February 2013. The Interim Union Budget for 2014–2015 was presented on February 17, 2014. The Union Budget of India for 2014–2015 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 10 July 2014. The Union Budget of India for 2015–2016 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 28 February 2015. The Union Budget of India for 2016–2017 was presented

years 1982-83, 1983–84 and 1984-85. Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for 1987-89, after V. P. Singh quit his government, and in the process became the third Prime Minister to present a budget after his mother and grandfather. N. D. Tiwari presented the budget for 1988-89, S. B. Chavan for 1989-90, while Madhu Dandawate presented the Union budget for 1990-91. Dr. Manmohan Singh became the Finance Minister and presented the interim budget for 1991-92 as elections were forced. Due to political developments, early elections were held in May 1991 following which the Indian National Congress returned to political power and Manmohan

to work out the change in prices. It was Mr.Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister of India in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who changed the ritual by announcing the 1999 Union Budget at 11 am. Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial-era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. The printing of budget documents starts roughly

"Five-Year Plans of India"
Five-Year Plans of India From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet Minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission (resigned on 26 May 2014). The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017. Prior to the Fourth Plan, the allocation of state resources was based on

minister to present the Union budget on his birthday. Desai presented budgets that included five annual budgets and an interim budget during his first stint and three final budgets and one interim budget in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the Finance Minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for the financial

"Budget Day"
who changed the ritual by announcing the 2001 Union Budget at 11 am. Until the year 2016, the Union Budget was presented in the Lok Sabha on the last working day of February. It was Mr. Arun Jaitley, the Minister of Finance in the BJP led NDA Government under the Prime Ministership of Mr. Narendra Modi, who changed the date of the Annual Budget of 2017 to the first working day of February. Additionally, the Railway Budget was also merged with the General Budget after 92 years in 2017. In Hong Kong the Financial Secretary introduces the appropriations bill for

"Estimates Committee (India)"
Public Undertakings (COPU) are the three financial standing committees of the Parliament of India. The committee consists of thirty members, all elected from Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. The members are elected every year from amongst its members of the Lok Sabha, according to the principle of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The chairperson is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker. The term of office of the members is one year. A minister is not eligible to become a member of the committee. In case a member after his election to the

what is an example of a government monopoly in the united states

"History of monopoly"
History of monopoly The history of monopoly pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry. The practice started during Advanced Industrialization with such companies as Standard Oil and the Carnegie Steel Company. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. Recently, companies such as Microsoft have been accused by the U.S. Department of Justice of the monopolistic practice of Embrace, extend and extinguish. In addition, ExxonMobil and several other corporations have been

accused of monopolizing an industry and even crushing competition. History of monopoly The history of monopoly pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry. The practice started during Advanced Industrialization with such companies as Standard Oil and the Carnegie Steel Company. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. Recently, companies such as Microsoft have been accused by the U.S. Department of Justice of the monopolistic practice of Embrace, extend and extinguish.

"State monopoly"
government monopoly run by the national government, although it may also refer to monopolies run by regional entities called ""states"" (notably the U.S. states). The most prominent example of a state the monopoly is law and the legitimate use of physical force. In many countries, the postal system is run by the government with competition forbidden by law in some or all services. Also, government monopolies on public utilities, telecommunications and railroads have historically been common, though recent decades have seen a strong privatization trend throughout the industrialized world. In Nordic countries some goods deemed harmful are distributed through a

"Coercive monopoly"
Standard Oil in many countries, and historically, lucrative colonial ""joint stock"" companies such as the Dutch East India Company, which were granted exclusive trading privileges with colonial possessions under mercantilist economic policy. Intellectual property such as copyrights and patents are government-granted monopolies. Another example is the thirty-year government-granted monopoly that was granted to Robert Fulton by the State of New York in steamboat traffic, but was later ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court to be unconstitutional because of a conflicting inter-state grant to Thomas Gibbons by the federal Congress. Economist Lawrence W. Reed says that a government can cause a

Monopoly
Nassau and Suffolk counties of New York, and the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens. The Comcast Corporation is the largest mass media and communications company in the world by revenue. It is the largest cable company and home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nation's third largest home telephone service provider. Comcast has a monopoly in Boston, Philadelphia, and many other small towns across the US. The United Aircraft and Transport Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer holding company that was forced to divest itself of airlines in 1934. Iarnród Éireann, the Irish Railway authority, is a current monopoly

or reserve exclusive control over factors of production for the government. The state-owned petroleum companies that are common in oil-rich developing countries (such as Aramco in Saudi Arabia or PDVSA in Venezuela) are examples of government monopolies created through nationalization of resources and existing firms; the United States Postal Service is an example of a coercive monopoly created through laws that ban potential competitors such as UPS or FedEx from offering competing services (in this case, first-class and standard (formerly called ""third-class"") mail delivery). Government-granted monopolies often closely resemble government monopolies in many respects, but the two are distinguished by

Monopoly
the 17th century. The British East India Company was created as a legal trading monopoly in 1600. The East India Company was formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan. The Company traded in basic commodities, which included cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium. Major League Baseball survived U.S. anti-trust litigation in 1922, though its special status is still in dispute as of 2009. The National Football League survived anti-trust lawsuit in the 1960s but was convicted of being an illegal monopoly in

Monopoly
Governments may make it illegal to resale tickets or products. In Boston, Red Sox baseball tickets can only be resold legally to the team. The three basic forms of price discrimination are first, second and third degree price discrimination. In ""first degree price discrimination"" the company charges the maximum price each customer is willing to pay. The maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a unit of the good is the reservation price. Thus for each unit the seller tries to set the price equal to the consumer’s reservation price. Direct information about a consumer’s willingness to pay

Monopoly
been accused of being a monopoly. J. P. Morgan and Elbert H. Gary founded U.S. Steel in 1901 by combining Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel Company with Gary's Federal Steel Company and William Henry ""Judge"" Moore's National Steel Company. At one time, U.S. Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. In its first full year of operation, U.S. Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States. However, U.S. Steel's share of the expanding market slipped to 50 percent by 1911, and anti-trust prosecution that year failed. De Beers settled charges of

State monopoly In economics, a government monopoly (or public monopoly) is a form of coercive monopoly in which a government agency or government corporation is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law. It is a monopoly created by the government. It is usually distinguished from a government-granted monopoly, where the government grants a monopoly to a private individual or company. A government monopoly may be run by any level of government - national, regional, local; for levels below the national, it is a local monopoly. The term state monopoly usually means a

"World War I"
develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties. In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as gas warfare and the tank. After the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914), Allied and German forces unsuccessfully tried to outflank each other, a series of manoeuvres later known as the ""Race to the Sea"". By the end of 1914, the opposing forces were left confronting each other along an uninterrupted line of entrenched positions from Alsace to Belgium's North Sea coast. Since the Germans were able to choose where to stand, they normally had the advantage

stances chosen by the sides. Strategically, while the Germans only mounted one major offensive, the Allies made several attempts to break through the German lines. In February 1916 the Germans attacked French defensive positions at the Battle of Verdun, lasting until December 1916. The Germans made initial gains, before French counter-attacks returned matters to near their starting point. Casualties were greater for the French, but the Germans bled heavily as well, with anywhere from 700,000 to 975,000 casualties suffered between the two combatants. Verdun became a symbol of French determination and self-sacrifice. The Battle of the Somme was an Anglo-French

World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as ""the war to end all wars"", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the

so heavy it had to be hauled to the field in pieces and assembled. The Germans also fielded Austrian and guns and, even at the beginning of the war, had inventories of various calibres of ""Minenwerfer"", which were ideally suited for trench warfare. On 27 June 1917 the Germans used the biggest gun in the world, Batterie Pommern, nicknamed ""Lange Max"". This gun from Krupp was able to shoot 750 kg shells from Koekelare to Dunkirk, a distance of about . Much of the combat involved trench warfare, in which hundreds often died for each metre gained. Many of the

the pocketwatch, which requires a free hand to operate. Military funding of advancements in radio contributed to the postwar popularity of the medium. World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as ""the war to end all wars"", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine

in the first month exceeded 260,000, including 27,000 killed on 22 August during the Battle of the Frontiers. German planning provided broad strategic instructions, while allowing army commanders considerable freedom in carrying them out at the front; this worked well in 1866 and 1870 but in 1914, von Kluck used this freedom to disobey orders, opening a gap between the German armies as they closed on Paris. The French and British exploited this gap to halt the German advance east of Paris at the First Battle of the Marne from 5 to 12 September and push the German forces back

along or behind the Hindenburg Line. That same day, Supreme Army Command informed the leaders in Berlin that armistice talks were inevitable. The final assault on the Hindenburg Line began with the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, launched by French and American troops on 26 September. The following week, co-operating French and American units broke through in Champagne at the Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge, forcing the Germans off the commanding heights, and closing towards the Belgian frontier. On 8 October the line was pierced again by British and Dominion troops at the Battle of Cambrai. The German army had to shorten its

of Settlement in present-day Ukraine). The German invaders treated any resistance—such as sabotaging rail lines—as illegal and immoral, and shot the offenders and burned buildings in retaliation. In addition, they tended to suspect that most civilians were potential ""francs-tireurs"" (guerrillas) and, accordingly, took and sometimes killed hostages from among the civilian population. The German army executed over 6,500 French and Belgian civilians between August and November 1914, usually in near-random large-scale shootings of civilians ordered by junior German officers. The German Army destroyed 15,000–20,000 buildings—most famously the university library at Louvain—and generated a wave of refugees of over a million

for an armistice (Armistice of Villa Giusti). The terms, arranged by telegraph with the Allied Authorities in Paris, were communicated to the Austrian commander and accepted. The Armistice with Austria was signed in the Villa Giusti, near Padua, on 3 November. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the following days the Italian Army occupied Innsbruck and all Tyrol with 20 to 22,000 soldiers. On 11 November, at 5:00 am, an armistice with Germany was signed in a railroad carriage at Compiègne. At 11 am on 11 November 1918—""the eleventh hour of the

the end of its first day a gap long had been created in the German lines. The defenders displayed a marked collapse in morale, causing Ludendorff to refer to this day as the ""Black Day of the German army"". After an advance as far as , German resistance stiffened, and the battle was concluded on 12 August. Rather than continuing the Amiens battle past the point of initial success, as had been done so many times in the past, the Allies shifted attention elsewhere. Allied leaders had now realised that to continue an attack after resistance had hardened was a

"Vivian Vance"
Vivian Vance Vivian Vance (born Vivian Roberta Jones; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American television and theater actress and singer. Vance is best known for her role as Ethel Mertz, sidekick to Lucille Ball on the American television sitcom ""I Love Lucy"", and as Vivian Bagley on ""The Lucy Show"". Vance was born Vivian Roberta Jones around July 26, 1909, in Cherryvale, Kansas, the second of Robert Andrew, Sr. and Euphemia Mae (Ragan) Jones' six children. When she was six years old, her family moved to Independence, Kansas, where she eventually began her dramatic studies at

"Doris Hare"
London Palladium alongside John Mills in a tribute to Evelyn Laye. Hare won a Variety Club of Great Britain Special Award for her contributions to show business in 1982. She died at Denville Hall the actors retirement home in Northwood, London in 2000, aged 95. Doris Hare Doris Hare, MBE (1 March 1905 – 30 May 2000) was a British actress, singer, dancer and comedienne, active in New York and London, as well as Scotland, she is best known for being the second actress to portray Mrs Mabel, Ethel ""Mum"" Butler, usually called Ethel, in the popular sitcom ""On the

"Ethel Barrymore on stage, screen and radio"
Ethel Barrymore on stage, screen and radio Ethel Barrymore (born Ethel Mae Blythe; 1879–1959) was an American actress of stage, screen and radio. She came from a family of actors; she was the middle child of Maurice Barrymore and Georgie Drew Barrymore, and had two brothers, Lionel and John. Reluctant to pursue her parents' career, the loss of financial support following the death of Louisa Lane Drew, caused Barrymore to give up her dream of becoming a concert pianist and instead earn a living on the stage. Barrymore's first Broadway role, alongside her uncle John Drew, Jr., was in ""The

"Ethel Mertz"
Ethel Mertz Ethel Mae Mertz (née Potter) (alternately ""Ethel Louise,"" “Ethel May” and ""Ethel Roberta""), played by Vivian Vance, is one of the four main fictional characters in the highly popular 1950s American television sitcom ""I Love Lucy"". Ethel is the middle-aged landlady of the main character, Lucy Ricardo, played by Lucille Ball. Ethel was most likely born about 1905 and was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico (episode #113). She is married to Fred Mertz, played by William Frawley, with whom she had a career in vaudeville. The two female characters are close friends, habitually scheming together; Ethel is generally

"Ethel Griffies"
by almost two decades. On 9 September 1975, in London, Griffies died of a stroke. Griffies appeared in numerous plays, making her theatre debut in London in 1899. Having made brief cameos in films since 1917, she started a full career in the industry by 1930 in the film version of the play ""Old English"", and appeared in her more than 90 film and television roles in a career that lasted until her retirement in 1967. She played Grace Poole in two versions of ""Jane Eyre"", the 1934 Monogram version and the better-known 1943 version. One of her last roles

"Fay Holderness"
Holderness in Detroit. She married Edmund Ayars Leeds (1892–1954) on August 25, 1923. Fay Holderness died in 1963 at the Pacific Convalarium in Santa Monica, California, age 82, from arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles as Fay H. Leeds. Fay Holderness Fay Holderness (née MacMurray; April 16, 1881 – May 13, 1963) was an American vaudeville performer and film actress. Fay Holderness was born Fay MacMurray in Oconto, Wisconsin, the daughter of Thomas James MacMurray and Mary E. Barnes MacMurray. Her father was a prominent organist and her brother, Frederick MacMurray, was

"Ethelreda Leopold"
Allen Smith took her vital measurements and wrote about her tour. Leopold died in North Hollywood on January 26, 1998 from pneumonia. Ethelreda Leopold Ethelreda Leopold (July 2, 1914January 26, 1998) was an American film actress. She appeared in approximately 65 films between 1934 and 1972. She also appeared in commercials. Leopold is familiar to modern viewers for her roles in several Three Stooges, ""Andy Hardy"", and Abbott and Costello films. She also had bit parts in such American classics as ""Angels Over Broadway"" and Charlie Chaplin's ""The Great Dictator"". Many of her film roles were small or uncredited. She

"Ethel Merman"
day job, only to find herself idle for weeks while waiting to be cast in a film. She finally urged Irwin to try to cancel her agreement with Mayo; instead, he negotiated her a better deal allowing her to perform in clubs while remaining on the Warners payroll. Merman was hired as a torch singer at Les Ambassadeurs, where the headliner was Jimmy Durante, and the two became lifelong friends. She caught the attention of columnists such as Walter Winchell and Mark Hellinger, who began giving her publicity. Soon after, Merman underwent a tonsillectomy she feared might damage her voice,

12, 2018. The play, from Gregg Oppenheimer (son of I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer), was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution. Vivian Vance Vivian Vance (born Vivian Roberta Jones; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American television and theater actress and singer. Vance is best known for her role as Ethel Mertz, sidekick to Lucille Ball on the American television sitcom ""I Love Lucy"", and as Vivian Bagley on ""The Lucy Show"". Vance was born Vivian Roberta Jones around July 26, 1909, in Cherryvale, Kansas, the

"Julie Wilson"
Julie Wilson Julie May Wilson (October 21, 1924 – April 5, 2015) was an American singer and actress ""widely regarded as the queen of cabaret"". She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical in 1989 for her performance in ""Legs Diamond"". Wilson was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Emily (née Wilson), a hairdresser, and Russell Wilson, a coal salesman. She first found a musical outlet with local musical group ""Hank's Hepcats"" in her teenage years and briefly attended Omaha University. She won the title of Miss Nebraska and would have competed in

"There's a Place"
There's a Place ""There's a Place"" is a song co-written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and first released as a track on the Beatles' debut LP, ""Please Please Me"". Lennon and McCartney share lead vocals, with George Harrison providing backing vocals. In the US it was released on ""Introducing... The Beatles"" (Vee-Jay Records) and as the B-side of ""Twist and Shout"", and was finally released by Capitol Records on ""Rarities"" in 1980. The title was inspired by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim's ""Somewhere"" from ""West Side Story"", which contained the line: ""There's a place for us."" McCartney admits owning

writing: we were getting a bit more cerebral. We both sang it. I took the high harmony, John took the lower harmony or melody. This was a nice thing because we didn't actually have to decide where the melody was till later when they boringly had to write it down for sheet music."" Composed at McCartney's Forthlin Road home, it was part of the group's stage repertoire in 1963. With its major seventh harmonica intro (later reprised) and searing two-part vocal harmonies (Lennon low, McCartney high), it stands out as an early Beatles milestone track. The song was recorded on

"Somewhere (song)"
Somewhere (song) ""Somewhere"", sometimes referred to as ""Somewhere (There's a Place for Us)"" or simply ""There's a Place for Us"", is a song from the 1957 Broadway musical ""West Side Story"" that was made into a film in 1961. The music is composed by Leonard Bernstein with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and takes a phrase from the slow movement of Beethoven's 'Emperor' Piano Concerto, which forms the start of the melody,(actually is a quote from the cello and bass line in Tchaikovsky’s Romeo and Juliet, 17 bars from the end.) and also a longer phrase from the main theme of

"There's a Place for Us"
There's a Place for Us There's a Place for Us is an album recorded by Motown girl group The Supremes in 1965, for many years the most famous of the trio's unreleased albums. The album, composed of show-tunes and pop standards, was released by Motown and Hip-O Records in 2004. ""There's a Place for Us"" was recorded in late 1964 and through the first half of 1965, and was to have been issued in the summer of that year to tie in with the group's debut appearance at the famous Copacabana nightclub in New York City. Supremes members Diana Ross,

"There's a Place for Us (song)"
There's a Place for Us (song) ""There's a Place for Us"" is a song written by David Hodges, Hillary Lindsey, and co-written and recorded by American country artist Carrie Underwood, and is featured on the soundtrack for the 2010 film """". The song was featured during the end credits of the film. The song was also performed by other artists for country-specific releases outside the United States. The song received a nomination for ""Best Original Song"" at the 68th Golden Globe Awards. It was released on November 16, 2010 as the soundtrack's lead single, and can be purchased exclusively through

uses elements of another ""West Side Story"" song, ""I Feel Pretty"", and the album version uses elements of ""One Hand, One Heart"" spoken by Chris Lowe. Somewhere (song) ""Somewhere"", sometimes referred to as ""Somewhere (There's a Place for Us)"" or simply ""There's a Place for Us"", is a song from the 1957 Broadway musical ""West Side Story"" that was made into a film in 1961. The music is composed by Leonard Bernstein with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and takes a phrase from the slow movement of Beethoven's 'Emperor' Piano Concerto, which forms the start of the melody,(actually is a quote

famous as a result of various reality TV talent shows, such as ""American Idol"" in the case of Carrie Underwood, ""X Factor"" in the UK for Joe McElderry, and ""Swedish Idol"" in the case of E.M.D. There's a Place for Us (song) ""There's a Place for Us"" is a song written by David Hodges, Hillary Lindsey, and co-written and recorded by American country artist Carrie Underwood, and is featured on the soundtrack for the 2010 film """". The song was featured during the end credits of the film. The song was also performed by other artists for country-specific releases outside

iTunes. It has sold 77,000 copies as of January 18, 2011. The song did not enter the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 but peaked at number 7 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles extension chart. It also entered two digital charts tracked by ""Billboard"" — at number 64 on the Hot Canadian Digital Songs (component of Canadian Hot 100) and at number 11 on Country Digital Songs (component of Hot Country Songs). Joe McElderry recorded the song for a United Kingdom release. It was released on December 6, 2010 as the b-side to McElderry's ""Someone Wake Me Up"" where it sold

11 February 1963 in 10 takes during the first of three sessions for ""Please Please Me"". It was later overdubbed with a harmonica in 3 takes. The song was officially credited to ""McCartney–Lennon"", as were all other Lennon–McCartney compositions on the original UK release of ""Please Please Me"". Engineered by Norman Smith It was used at the start of Daniel Farson's Associated-Rediffusion documentary ""Beat City"", a portrait of Liverpool which was shown at Christmas 1963. There's a Place ""There's a Place"" is a song co-written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and first released as a track on the Beatles'

Wilson sings a rare lead vocal on ""Our Day Will Come"", while Florence Ballard sings lead on ""People"". Diana Ross sings lead on the remaining songs. They are all featured on an original number, ""Fancy Passes"". There's a Place for Us There's a Place for Us is an album recorded by Motown girl group The Supremes in 1965, for many years the most famous of the trio's unreleased albums. The album, composed of show-tunes and pop standards, was released by Motown and Hip-O Records in 2004. ""There's a Place for Us"" was recorded in late 1964 and through the first

"Buckwheat Boyz"
Buckwheat Boyz The Buckwheat Boyz was an American musical group founded by Marcus Bowens and Jermaine Fuller, with the later addition of J.J. O'Neal and Dougy Williams. The Buckwheat Boyz were signed by Koch Records, and recorded their first and only full-length record. From this self-titled album, the song ""Peanut Butter Jelly Time"" became popular on the Internet after a flash music video featuring an animated dancing banana was created. The popularity of the song increased as it was featured on TV shows such as ""The Proud Family"", ""Family Guy"", and ""Regular Show"". In 2002, founding member and vocalist Jermaine

"Jelly bean"
In United States slang during the 1910s and early 1920s, a ""Jellybean"" or ""Jelly-Bean"" was a young man who dressed stylishly but had little else to recommend him, similar to the older terms ""dandy"" and ""fop"". F. Scott Fitzgerald published a story about such a character, ""The Jelly-Bean,"" during 1920. In William Faulkner's 1929 novel ""The Sound and the Fury"", Jason complained about his niece Quentin's promiscuity, remarking that even ""the town jellybeans"" gave her the ""go-by"". The song ""Jelly Bean (He's a Curbstone Cutie)"" was made popular during the 1940s by Phil Harris. It was written by Jimmie Dupre,

"Al ""Carnival Time"" Johnson"
Al ""Carnival Time"" Johnson Al ""Carnival Time"" Johnson (born June 20, 1939, in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American singer and piano player best known for the Mardi Gras song ""Carnival Time"". After spending his early years in Houston, Johnson returned to New Orleans at the age of ten settling in the Lower Ninth Ward. His father bought him a trumpet, also a piano for his sisters and a trombone for his brother. Johnson took interest in the piano and learned the basic chord changes in different keys. His early musical influences included Sugar Boy Crawford, Fats Domino and Smiley

"Fast Food Song"
Fast Food Song ""Fast Food Song"" is a song made famous by the British-based band the Fast Food Rockers, although it existed long before they recorded it, as a popular children's playground song. The chorus was based on the Moroccan folk tune ""A Ram Sam Sam"". It mentions the fast food restaurants McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut. It was released in June 2003 as the lead single from their album ""It's Never Easy Being Cheesy"". The song was highly successful in the United Kingdom, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the Scottish

"Aeroplane Jelly"
1988 over authorship of the song, with claims made on behalf of vaudeville actress Peggy Thorne, pianist of the Musician's Lodge, Les Woods, and New Zealander Bill White. The jingle was first sung in the early 1930s on the Goodie Reeve radio show by three-year-old Jennifer Paykel. As the commercials were broadcast live, Paykel was taken to the studio two or three times per week to sing the jingle. Paykel's mother did not renew her contract because, according to Paykel, ""Shirley Temple was all the rage and my mother was terrified I might become a public figure like her"". Aeroplane

"Blue Jay Way"
major and C modal, and acknowledges the ""highly unusual"" incorporation of the notes D and F. The inclusion of the latter note suggests the Lydian mode, which, according to musicologist Walter Everett, had only been heard previously in popular music in the Left Banke's 1966 single ""Pretty Ballerina"". The song's melody oscillates over the chords of C major and C diminished, a chord favoured by Harrison in his Indian music-inspired compositions for the Beatles. Acknowledging Harrison's statement that the tune is ""slightly Indian"", Everett considers ""Blue Jay Way"" to be related to the ragas Kosalam and Multani. According to author

"Green Jellÿ"
Green Jellÿ Green Jellÿ (pronounced ""green jello"") is an American comedy rock band formed in 1981. Originally named Green Jellö, the band changed its name due to legal pressure from Kraft Foods, the owners of the Jell-O trademark, who claimed that it was an infringement of their trademark. Despite the spelling difference, the new name and the old are pronounced identically. Known for sophomoric humor, theatrical performances and intentionally crude musicianship, Green Jellÿ has had hundreds of members during the band's existence, with vocalist Bill Manspeaker the only consistent member throughout. The band's early 1990s lineup included drummer Danny Carey,

"Mashed Potato Time"
Mashed Potato Time ""Mashed Potato Time"" is a single written and composed by Kal Mann and Bernie Lowe, and performed by Dee Dee Sharp on her debut album ""It's Mashed Potato Time"". The song refers to the Mashed Potato dance move which was a fad at the time. It was one of several that came out at that time, for example, ""(Do the) Mashed Potatoes"" in 1960. The Marvelettes song ""Please Mr. Postman"" is mentioned in the lyrics and is copied in the arrangement. In 1996 the Campbell Soup Company used the song in a $30 million advertising campaign, and

"Melody Time"
Carioca meeting the Aracuan Bird, who introduces them to the pleasures of the samba. The accompanying music is the 1914 polka ""Apanhei-te, Cavaquinho"" by Ernesto Nazareth, fitted with English lyrics. The Dinning Sisters provide the vocals while organist Ethel Smith appears in a live-action role. The film's final segment is about Texas' famous hero Pecos Bill. He was raised by coyotes (similar to how Mowgli was raised by wolves in The Jungle Book) and later became the biggest and best cowboy that ever lived. It also features his horse Widowmaker, and recounts the ill-fated romance between Bill and a beautiful

"Jelly's Last Jam"
Jelly's Last Jam Jelly's Last Jam is a musical with a book by George C. Wolfe, lyrics by Susan Birkenhead, and music by Jelly Roll Morton and Luther Henderson. Based on the life and career of Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe, known as Jelly Roll Morton and generally regarded as one of the primary driving forces behind the introduction of jazz to the American public in the early 20th century, it also serves as a social commentary on the African-American experience during the era. LaMothe was born into a Louisiana Creole family that was established and free before the Civil War. The

"Coming to America"
effects for both Murphy's and Arsenio Hall's multiple supporting characters. The film was the subject of the ""Buchwald v. Paramount"" civil suit, which the humorist Art Buchwald filed in 1990 against the film's producers on the grounds that the film's idea was stolen from his 1982 script treatment about a rich, despotic African potentate who comes to America for a state visit. Paramount had optioned the treatment from Buchwald, and John Landis was attached as director and Eddie Murphy as the lead, but after two years of development hell Paramount abandoned the project in March 1985. In 1987, Paramount began

had been hacked and completely deleted it. Coming to America Coming to America is a 1988 American romantic comedy film directed by John Landis and based on a story originally created by Eddie Murphy, who also starred in the lead role. The film also co-stars Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, Shari Headley, and John Amos. The film was released in the United States on June 29, 1988. Eddie Murphy plays Akeem Joffer, the crown prince of the fictional African nation of Zamunda, who comes to the United States in the hopes of finding a woman he can marry. In 1989,

Coming to America Coming to America is a 1988 American romantic comedy film directed by John Landis and based on a story originally created by Eddie Murphy, who also starred in the lead role. The film also co-stars Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, Shari Headley, and John Amos. The film was released in the United States on June 29, 1988. Eddie Murphy plays Akeem Joffer, the crown prince of the fictional African nation of Zamunda, who comes to the United States in the hopes of finding a woman he can marry. In 1989, a pilot for a planned spin-off TV

under the guise of poor foreign students. Beginning their search for Akeem's bride, they end up invited by some locals to a rally that is raising money for the inner city. During the rally, Akeem encounters Lisa McDowell, who possesses all the qualities he is looking for, and upon his insistence he and Semmi get entry-level jobs working at the local fast food restaurant called ""McDowell's""—an obvious ripoff of ""McDonald's""—owned by widower Cleo McDowell, Lisa's father. Akeem's attempts to win Lisa's love are complicated by Lisa's lazy and obnoxious boyfriend, Darryl Jenks (Eriq La Salle), whose father owns Soul Glo

shown above, ""Coming to America"" features Murphy and Hall in several different roles, of various colours, creeds and genders. Following the success of this film, this became a Murphy staple, as seen in four later films: ""Vampire in Brooklyn"" (1995); ""The Nutty Professor"" (1996); """" (2000); and ""Norbit"" (2007). ""Coming to America"" reunited star Eddie Murphy with director John Landis. The two had previously worked together on the comedy hit ""Trading Places"" (1983); however, Landis later recalled the differences in working with Murphy on the two movies: ""The guy on ""Trading Places"" was young and full of energy and curious

the UK, before the film's release, in February 1988, and became a top ten hit. It was released as a single in the US at the time of the film's release. A television pilot of a weekly sitcom version of the film was produced for CBS, following the film's success, starring Tommy Davidson as Prince Tariq, and Paul Bates reprising his role as Oha. The pilot went unsold, but was televised on July 4, 1989 as part of the ""CBS Summer Playhouse"" pilot anthology series. A Tamil movie, ""My Dear Marthandan"", was produced based on the plot of ""Coming to

it up just for her. Akeem offers again to abdicate if she doesn't want this life, but Lisa playfully declines. The cast also includes: Vondie Curtis-Hall as Basketball Game Vendor; Garcelle Beauvais as a royal Rose Bearer; Victoria Dillard as a royal personal Bather; as well as the film debuts of Ruben Hudson as Street Hustler and Cuba Gooding Jr. as Boy Getting Haircut. Don Ameche and Ralph Bellamy reprise their roles as, respectively, Mortimer and Randolph Duke from Landis' 1983 Murphy-starring comedy film ""Trading Places"". A segment of the ""Trading Places"" score can be heard during their scene. As

the film. The song ""Coming 2 America"" by Ludacris from the album Word of Mouf features samples and lyrics referencing the film. In early 2017, an announcement was publicized which addressed the impending production of a sequel to the film. Kevin Misher was named as producer, and Sheffield and Blaustein, the original screenwriters, were also attached to the project. However, a possible participation of lead actors Eddie Murphy and Arsenio Hall was left undefined. According to several public accounts, Murphy himself apparently posted an announcement regarding the film project a month prior on Facebook, but later claimed that his account

funny idea"" but suggesting the screenplay had escaped before it was ready. Canby viewed the film as essentially a romantic comedy but said the romantic elements fell flat, and the film instead goes for broad slapstick. Siskel & Ebert had mixed opinions on the film. Siskel enjoyed the acting from Murphy and Hall but Ebert was disappointed that Murphy did not bring his usual more lively performance, and Ebert was also critical of the unoriginal script. The film was nominated for two Oscars: Best Costume Design by Deborah Nadoolman Landis and Best Makeup by Rick Baker, who designed the makeup

show was made, although this was never picked up for a series. In the fictional wealthy African nation of Zamunda, crown prince Akeem Joffer grows weary of his pampered lifestyle on his 21st birthday and wishes to do more for himself. When his parents, King Jaffe and Queen Aeoleon, present him with an arranged bride-to-be, Akeem takes action. Seeking an independent woman who loves him for himself and not his social status, Akeem and his best friend/personal aide, Semmi, travel to the New York City borough of Queens and rent a squalid tenement in the neighborhood of Long Island City

"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"
""that to solve this she ""softened and used the microphone."" As per the filmmakers' encouragement, the actress would occasionally ad-lib her own dialogue, none was included in the final film because it sounded ""too modern"". The animators would videotape O'Hara daily while she recorded to incorporate her ""quirky"" mannerisms, expressions and gestures into the character, among them her hair constantly falling into her eyes. O'Hara and American actor Robby Benson, who provides the voice of the Beast, asked Disney to allow the co-stars to record together as opposed to the traditional method of being isolated in a recording booth, to

which her voice has changed over the course of 20 years. O'Hara would eventually return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film ""Ralph Breaks the Internet"". According to producer Don Hahn, Beaumont's Belle is an ""incredibly passive"" character, the personality of whom he likened to those of Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella, as well as American actress and animal rights activist Doris Day, describing them as women who are ""capable, but filling a role that women might fill in the 1950s and 1960s.” The filmmakers painstakingly reworked Belle into a more three-dimensional character by providing her with goals and

Belle suffers from Stockholm syndrome (a condition that causes hostages to develop a psychological alliance with their captors as a survival strategy during captivity). Emma Watson studied whether Belle is trapped in an abusive relationship with the Beast before signing on and concluded that she does not think the criticism fits this version of the folk tale. Watson described Stockholm Syndrome as ""where a prisoner will take on the characteristics of and fall in love with the captor. Belle actively argues and disagrees with [Beast] constantly. She has none of the characteristics of someone with Stockholm Syndrome because she keeps

her voice"", envisioning a voice similar to that of American entertainer Judy Garland. American actress and singer Paige O'Hara was performing on Broadway when she first read about Disney's then-upcoming animated project ""Beauty and the Beast"" in an article in ""The New York Times"". Upon discovering that the studio was holding auditions for the lead role of Belle and, at the behest of lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, specifically recruiting Broadway performers, O'Hara immediately insisted that her agent get her an audition. Familiar with O'Hara's Broadway stint as Ellie May Chipley in the musical ""Show Boat""; Ashman had

insisted that she use her own voice instead. In addition to Ashman and Menken, O'Hara's last few auditions were attended by directors Wise and Gary Trousdale, and producers Katzenberg and Don Hahn. O'Hara recalled that the songwriters would first close their eyes and listen to her before finally watching her perform. An hour after her fifth and final audition, O'Hara received a telephone call from Disney on her birthday informing her that she had been cast. The actress was fairly confident that the role was hers before she was officially cast, and credits the fact that Ashman enjoyed her performance

Writing for the ""Los Angeles Times"", Charles Solomon observed inconsistencies in Belle's appearance, writing, ""The prettiest and liveliest Belle waltzes with Beast in his marble ballroom and weeps over his body before he's transformed into the Prince"" while ""The Belle who receives the library from Beast has wider-set eyes and a more prominent mouth than the noticeably slimmer Belle who sings 'Something There'"". Woolverton created Belle as part of ""her self-directed mandate to move women and girls forward."" ""The Express-Times ""described the character as an intelligent young woman who ""sings songs about reading and wanting to gain knowledge, rather than

"Paige O'Hara"
Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical ""Showboat"". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's ""Beauty and the Beast"", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of ""Beauty and the Beast"", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, """" (1997) and ""Belle's Magical World"" (1998), and for a cameo appearance

such as forgiveness, friendship, cooperation and respect. In ""Belle's Tales of Friendship ""(1999), a spin-off of the film series, Belle owns a bookstore in which she teaches valuable lessons to children by reading and retelling well-known stories and fairy tales, narrating four classic Disney animated shorts: ""The Three Little Pigs""(1933), ""Peter and the Wolf"" (1946), ""The Wise Little Hen"" (1934) and ""Morris the Midget Moose"" (1950). For the first time, Belle appears as both animated and live-action versions of herself, voiced and portrayed by actresses Paige O'Hara and Lyndsey McLeod, respectively. In the television series ""Sing Me a Story with

with warmth, intuition and maturity,"" while the ""Sun-Sentinel's"" Candice Russel felt that O'Hara ""does a good job of creating Belle as intellectual, wisely feminine and disarmed by the stirrings of her heart."" According to the Young Writers Society, Belle remains the best-reviewed Disney Princess to-date. One of the character's few negative reviews was written by Ethan Alter of Television Without Pity, who opined: Emma Watson's portrayal as Belle in the 2017 film was mostly well-received by various critics. A. O. Scott of ""The New York Times"" wrote that Watson ""perfectly embodies Belle’s compassion and intelligence."" ""The Washington Post""s Ann Hornaday

did not know that Thráin had held the ring of Durin's line and had lost it to Sauron. They thought instead that it might have been lost when Thrór was killed by Azog in Moria. One of the motivations for Balin's doomed expedition to Moria was the possibility of recovering the ring. Sauron's messenger attempted to bribe the Dwarves of Erebor for news of Bilbo (the last known bearer of the One) with the promise of the return of the remaining three of the Seven and control over the Mines of Moria. The Three Rings of the Elves were called

in dragon-fire, the One could be unmade only in the unyielding fires of Mount Doom where it was forged. When Sauron made the ring, he was obliged to transfer much of his power into it so that it could control the other rings, themselves objects of great potency. With the ring, Sauron remained very powerful, and he could use it to dominate the will of others; he very quickly corrupted Númenor into the worship of Melkor and open rebellion against the Valar. When Isildur cut the ring from his hand, Sauron became much weaker. He required the ring to effect

"Círdan"
urged Isildur to destroy the One Ring but he refused. After Gil-galad's death, the Elves of Lindon came under the sole lordship of Círdan. Many elves departed from the Havens to Valinor, leaving Círdan's domain smaller and less populated. As Sauron began his gradual return to power, the Valar sent the five Istari (wizards) as emissaries to aid Middle-earth. At their request, Círdan kept his knowledge of their origin and purpose a secret even from the other leaders of the elves. Although Curunír (known to Men as Saruman) was declared to be their leader, Círdan perceived that Gandalf was the

Galadriel
called Dol Amroth. With the fall of Gil-galad in the War of the Last Alliance, Galadriel, Elrond, and Círdan became the most prominent of the rulers among the elves in Middle-earth, and Galadriel the foremost of the remaining Exiles. Conscious of Sauron's power and wishing to thwart it, she did not use her Ring so long as the One Ring was in Sauron's hands. However, during the Third Age, when the One Ring was lost, she put hers to use in making Lothlórien a fair refuge for the Nandor. In the years after the departure and loss of Amroth and

reference that the rings ""need gold to breed gold""). The main power of the Seven on their wearers was to excite their sense of avarice. The wearers did not become invisible, did not get extended life-spans, nor succumb directly to Sauron's control – though he could still influence them to anger and greed. Over the years, Sauron recovered three rings from the Dwarves, the last from Thráin II during his final captivity in Dol Guldur, some years before the beginning of ""The Hobbit"". The remaining four, according to Gandalf, were consumed by dragons. Until the Council of Elrond, the Dwarves

of the nine, and his second in command was Khamûl, an Easterling. Khamûl is the only Nazgûl identified by name. Three of the Nine were Númenórean. Also in the Second Age Sauron gave the Seven to the seven Dwarf-lords (though the Dwarves of Moria maintained a tradition that the ring given to Durin III came directly from the Elven-smiths). Gandalf mentions a rumour that the seven hoards of the Dwarves began each with a single golden ring, and although the Dwarves used their rings to increase their treasure, Tolkien does not explain how the rings accomplished this (save for a

of three remaining realms of the Eldar. Vilya was used by Elrond in Rivendell, Nenya by Galadriel in Lothlórien, and Narya by Círdan in Lindon. When the Istari, or wizards, arrived about , Círdan gave Narya to Gandalf, who bore it until the end of the Third Age. During the period of ""The Lord of the Rings"", the Three were borne by Elrond, Galadriel, and Gandalf; but until the end of the book their rings are not seen. Only Frodo, the bearer of the One, sees Galadriel's ring, and only when she draws his attention to it. At the end

Narya, the Ring of Fire (set with a ruby); Nenya, the Ring of Water or Ring of Adamant (made of ""mithril"" and set with a ""white stone""), and Vilya, the Ring of Air, the ""mightiest of the Three"" (made of gold and set with a sapphire). Before the sack of Eregion, Celebrimbor gave Vilya and Narya to Gil-galad and Nenya to Galadriel. Gil-galad later gave Narya to Círdan, and gave Vilya to Elrond. The Three remained hidden from Sauron and untouched by him. During the Third Age, after he lost the One, they were used for the preservation and enhancement

"Power Ring (DC Comics)"
to wield the Ring of Volthoom quite proficiently, the Ring of Volthoom is actually the one in control, though Harold does have some independent control over the ring's power. The ring of volthoom is as powerful as an Green Lantern Ring and is even able to fight on part with a Sinestro Corp ring, remove it from the user's hand and impressively destroy the Sinestro Corps ring itself. The Outsider refers to Power Ring as his master and mentions to Pandora that Power Ring has killed many immortal beings during the crime syndicates time on Earth-Three Jessica Cruz and her

"Fróði"
Lord of the Rings"" for the main character. Alternative Anglicizations are Frode, Fródi, Fróthi and Frodhi. The Danish, Norwegian and Swedish form is Frode. The meaning of the name is ""clever, learned, wise"". The number of men with the name Frode in Scandinavia as of 2008: Norway (ca.) 11384, Denmark (ca.) 1413, Sweden (ca.) 307. The ""Gesta Danorum"" describes six Frothos. Fróði Fróði (; ; Middle High German: ""Vruote"") is the name of a number of legendary Danish kings in various texts including ""Beowulf"", Snorri Sturluson's ""Prose Edda"" and his ""Ynglinga saga"", Saxo Grammaticus' ""Gesta Danorum"", and the ""Grottasöngr"". A

makes clear their smart cachet, German origins and association with children and gift-giving. An illustrated book, ""The Christmas Tree"", describing their use and origins in detail, was on sale in December 1844. On 2 January 1846 Elizabeth Fielding (née Fox Strangways) wrote from Laycock Abbey to William Henry Fox-Talbot: """"Constance is extremely busy preparing the Bohemian Xmas Tree. It is made from Caroline's description of those she saw in Germany"""". In 1847 Prince Albert wrote: ""I must now seek in the children an echo of what Ernest [his brother] and I were in the old time, of what we felt

Hans Christian Andersen in 1865. He had published a fairy-tale called ""The Fir-Tree"" in 1844, recounting the fate of a fir-tree being used as a Christmas tree. Although the tradition of decorating churches and homes with evergreens at Christmas was long established, the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German-born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800. The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family.

"Tsuga canadensis"
hemlock woolly adelgid, though this is treatable. Its tendency to shed needles rapidly after being cut down renders it unsuitable as a Christmas tree. It was introduced to British gardens in 1736. In the UK, it is encountered frequently in gardens both large and small, as well as some parks, and is most common in the eastern areas of the country. It is sometimes employed as a hedge, but is considered inferior for this usage compared to ""Tsuga heterophylla"" (western hemlock); it is not well adapted to the UK climate and as a consequence often has a poorly developed, forked

Christmas
an axe to an oak tree dedicated to Thor and pointed out a fir tree, which he stated was a more fitting object of reverence because it pointed to heaven and it had a triangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. The English language phrase ""Christmas tree"" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to Britain, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the reign of Queen Victoria. By 1841 the Christmas tree had become even

and thought; and their delight in the Christmas-trees is not less than ours used to be"". A boost to the trend was given in 1848 when ""The Illustrated London News"", in a report picked up by other papers, described the trees in Windsor Castle in detail and showed the main tree, surrounded by the royal family, on its cover. In fewer than ten years their use in better-off homes was widespread. By 1856 a northern provincial newspaper contained an advert alluding casually to them, as well as reporting the accidental death of a woman whose dress caught fire as she

origins are sometimes associated with Protestant Christian reformer Martin Luther, who is said to have first added lighted candles to an evergreen tree. The first recorded Christmas tree can be found on the keystone sculpture of a private home in Turckheim, Alsace (then part of Germany, today France), dating 1576. While today the Christmas tree is a recognized symbol for the holidays, it was once a pagan tradition unassociated with Christmas traditions. Modern Christmas trees have been related to the ""tree of paradise"" of medieval mystery plays that were given on 24 December, the commemoration and name day of Adam

"Chrismon tree"
Chrismon tree A Chrismon tree is an evergreen tree often found in the chancel or nave of a church during Advent and Christmastide. The Chrismon tree was first used by North American Lutherans in 1957, although the practice has spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. As with the Christmas tree, the evergreen tree itself, for Christians, ""symbolizes the eternal life Jesus Christ provides"". However, the Chrismon tree differs from the traditional Christmas tree in that it ""is decorated only with clear lights and Chrismons made from white and gold material"", the latter two being

Maypole
English historian Ronald Hutton concurs with Swedish scholar who stated that maypoles were erected ""simply"" as ""signs that the happy season of warmth and comfort had returned."" Their shape allowed for garlands to be hung from them and were first seen, at least in the British Isles, between AD 1350 and 1400 within the context of medieval Christian European culture. In 1588, at Holy Trinity Church in Exeter, villagers gathered around the 'summer rod' for feasting and drinking. Chaucer mentions that a particularly large maypole stood at St Andrew Undershaft, which was collectively erected by church parishioners annually due to

"Flash memory"
of multiple pages and MB in size. When a block is erased all the cells are logically set to 1. Data can only be programmed in one pass to a page in a block that was erased. Any cells that have been set to 0 by programming can only be reset to 1 by erasing the entire block. This means that before new data can be programmed into a page that already contains data, the current contents of the page plus the new data must be copied to a new, erased page. If a suitable page is available, the data

BIOS ROM, is expected to be fault-free). Manufacturers try to maximize the amount of usable storage by shrinking the size of the transistors. NAND flash uses tunnel injection for writing and tunnel release for erasing. NAND flash memory forms the core of the removable USB storage devices known as USB flash drives, as well as most memory card formats and solid-state drives available today. The architecture of NAND Flash means that data can be read and programmed in pages, typically between 4 KB and 16 KB in size, but can only be erased at the level of entire blocks consisting

as a small integer power of two (2, 4, 8, etc.) and a designation of megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB); e.g., 512 MB, 8 GB. This includes SSDs marketed as hard drive replacements, in accordance with traditional hard drives, which use decimal prefixes. Thus, an SSD marked as “64 GB” is at least bytes (64 GB). Most users will have slightly less capacity than this available for their files, due to the space taken by file system metadata. The flash memory chips inside them are sized in strict binary multiples, but the actual total capacity of the chips is not

effect is reversible, so electrons can be added to or removed from the floating gate, processes traditionally known as writing and erasing. Despite the need for relatively high programming and erasing voltages, virtually all flash chips today require only a single supply voltage and produce the high voltages using on-chip charge pumps. Over half the energy used by a 1.8 V NAND flash chip is lost in the charge pump itself. Since boost converters are inherently more efficient than charge pumps, researchers developing low-power SSDs have proposed returning to the dual Vcc/Vpp supply voltages used on all the early flash

"USB flash drive"
in megabytes per second (MB/s), megabits per second (Mbit/s), or in optical drive multipliers such as ""180X"" (180 times 150 KiB/s). File transfer rates vary considerably among devices. Second generation flash drives have claimed to read at up to 30 MB/s and write at about half that rate, which was about 20 times faster than the theoretical transfer rate achievable by the previous model, USB 1.1, which is limited to 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MB/s) with accounted overhead. The effective transfer rate of a device is significantly affected by the data access pattern. By 2002, USB flash drives had USB 2.0

(typically 1/32 of the data size) that can be used for storage of an error correcting code (ECC) checksum. Typical block sizes include: While reading and programming is performed on a page basis, erasure can only be performed on a block basis. NAND devices also require bad block management by the device driver software, or by a separate controller chip. SD cards, for example, include controller circuitry to perform bad block management and wear leveling. When a logical block is accessed by high-level software, it is mapped to a physical block by the device driver or controller. A number of

the firmware of set-top boxes. Its endurance may be from as little as 100 erase cycles for an on-chip flash memory, to a more typical 10,000 or 100,000 erase cycles, up to 1,000,000 erase cycles. NOR-based flash was the basis of early flash-based removable media; CompactFlash was originally based on it, though later cards moved to less expensive NAND flash. NAND flash has reduced erase and write times, and requires less chip area per cell, thus allowing greater storage density and lower cost per bit than NOR flash; it also has up to 10 times the endurance of NOR flash.

essentially the same order of magnitude as smaller laptop hard drives, and in September 2006, Samsung announced an 8 GB chip produced using a 40 nm manufacturing process. In January 2008, SanDisk announced availability of their 16 GB MicroSDHC and 32 GB SDHC Plus cards. More recent flash drives (as of 2012) have much greater capacities, holding 64, 128, and 256 GB. A joint development at Intel and Micron will allow the production of 32-layer 3.5 terabyte (TB) NAND flash sticks and 10 TB standard-sized SSDs. The device includes 5 packages of 16 × 48 GB TLC dies, using a

also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD (54 DVDs) or even a Blu-ray disc (10 BDs). Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most modern operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a simple block-structured logical unit to the host operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various underlying flash memory devices. The operating system can use any file system or block addressing

flash devices such as USB flash drives and memory cards provide only a block-level interface, or flash translation layer (FTL), which writes to a different cell each time to wear-level the device. This prevents incremental writing within a block; however, it does help the device from being prematurely worn out by intensive write patterns. Another limitation is that flash memory has a finite number of program erase cycles (typically written as P/E cycles). Most commercially available flash products are guaranteed to withstand around 100,000 P/E cycles before the wear begins to deteriorate the integrity of the storage. Micron Technology and

of the modern value. Seismic measurements show that the core is divided into two parts, a ""solid"" inner core with a radius of ≈1,220 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of ≈3,400 km. The densities are between 9,900 and 12,200 kg/m in the outer core and 12,600–13,000 kg/m in the inner core. The inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel. Since this layer is able to transmit shear waves (transverse seismic waves), it must be solid. Experimental evidence has

"Inner core"
Inner core The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about , which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately or 9806 °F, which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun. The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from its molten outer core in 1936, by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann, who deduced its presence by studying seismograms from earthquakes in New

of iron–nickel alloy was subjected to the corelike pressures by gripping it in a vise between 2 diamond tips (diamond anvil cell), and then heating to approximately 4000 K. The sample was observed with x-rays, and strongly supported the theory that Earth's inner core was made of giant crystals running north to south. The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. Recent speculation suggests that the innermost part of the core is enriched in gold, platinum and other siderophile elements. The matter that

feature that was present during the planet's formation, but a feature younger than the Earth (the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old). Inner core The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about , which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately or 9806 °F, which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun. The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from

to sink toward the center in a process called planetary differentiation (see also the iron catastrophe), while less-dense materials would have migrated to the crust. The core is thus believed to largely be composed of iron (80%), along with nickel and one or more light elements, whereas other dense elements, such as lead and uranium, either are too rare to be significant or tend to bind to lighter elements and thus remain in the crust (see felsic materials). Some have argued that the inner core may be in the form of a single iron crystal. Under laboratory conditions a sample

certain normally oxyphile elements existing either partially or wholly in the alloy portion that corresponds to the core of Earth. Dynamo theory suggests that convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, gives rise to Earth's magnetic field. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field (see Curie temperature) but probably acts to stabilize the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core. The average magnetic field strength in Earth's outer core is estimated to be 25 Gauss (2.5 mT), 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface. Recent evidence has

would be found to be homogeneous, because the solid inner core was originally formed by a gradual cooling of molten material, and continues to grow as a result of that same process. Even though it is growing into liquid, it is solid, due to the very high pressure that keeps it compacted together even if the temperature is extremely high. It was even suggested that Earth's inner core might be a single crystal of iron. However, this prediction was disproved by observations indicating that in fact there is a degree of disorder within the inner core. Seismologists have found that

Based on the relative prevalence of various chemical elements in the Solar System, the theory of planetary formation, and constraints imposed or implied by the chemistry of the rest of the Earth's volume, the inner core is believed to consist primarily of a nickel-iron alloy. Pure iron was found to be denser than the core by approximately 3%, implying the presence of light elements in the core (e.g. silicon, oxygen, sulfur) in addition to the probable presence of nickel. Further, if the primordial and mostly ""fluid"" (still forming) earth contained any significant mass(es) of elements denser than iron and nickel,

"Outer core"
Outer core The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies beneath Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately beneath the Earth's surface. Unlike the inner core, the outer core is liquid. The inner core is also referred to as the solid core. Seismic inversions of body waves and normal modes constrain the radius of the outer core to be 3483 km with an uncertainty of 5 km,

they did has allowed us to start building the schedules for next season."" In May 2017, it was announced that Aaron Helbing would not return as an executive producer for season four, with only Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, Sarah Schechter, and Todd Helbing returning from previous seasons. Todd Helbing and Kreisberg were slated to serve as the season's showrunners. In November 2017, Kreisberg was suspended from his role as executive producer and showrunner on ""The Flash"" over allegations of sexual harassment. By the end of the month, he had been fired, with his name eventually being removed from the credits

"Mary Poppins Returns"
Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns is a 2018 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, with a screenplay written by David Magee and a story by Magee, Marshall, and John DeLuca. Based on the book series of the same name by P. L. Travers, this sequel to 1964's ""Mary Poppins"" stars Emily Blunt as the eponymous character, with Lin-Manuel Miranda, Ben Whishaw, Emily Mortimer, Julie Walters, Dick Van Dyke, Angela Lansbury, Colin Firth, and Meryl Streep in supporting roles. Set in 1930s London, three decades after the events of the original film, it sees Mary Poppins, the former

script. On February 18, 2016, Emily Blunt was cast in the film to play the title role in the sequel. On February 24, 2016, Lin-Manuel Miranda was cast in the film to play Jack, a lamplighter. In April 2016, Disney confirmed that the film was in development and that Blunt and Miranda had been cast in the lead roles. In May, Disney announced the film's title as ""Mary Poppins Returns"". By July 2016, Meryl Streep had entered negotiations to join the cast to play cousin Topsy, and in the following month, Ben Whishaw in negotiations to play the grownup Michael

Banks. In September, Streep formally joined the cast. The following month, Emily Mortimer was cast as the grownup Jane Banks, and Colin Firth joined the film as William Weatherall Wilkins, president of the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank. In February 2017, Angela Lansbury was cast to play the Balloon Lady. Julie Andrews, who portrayed Poppins in the 1964 film, was approached to do a cameo in the sequel, but turned down the offer as she wanted it to be ""Emily's show"". Dick Van Dyke, who portrayed Bert and Mr. Dawes Sr. in the original film, returns in the sequel as the latter's

"Mary Poppins"
film is not a reboot or remake of the original 1964 film, Mary Poppins revisits the Banks children from the first film. It is loosely based on the other seven ""Mary Poppins"" books by Travers, and expands beyond them. Emily Blunt stars as Mary Poppins, alongside Lin-Manuel Miranda in the role of Jack, a similar character to Dick Van Dyke's Bert from the first film. It was announced on 31 May 2016 that the film is titled ""Mary Poppins Returns"" and takes place in Depression-era London, 20 years after the original film. Emily Mortimer and Ben Whishaw play grown up

generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Blunt's performance, the musical score and numbers, production value and sense of nostalgia, although some critics found it derivative of the first film. It was chosen by both the National Board of Review and American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2018 and received numerous award nominations, including four at the 76th Golden Globe Awards (including for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy), nine at the 24th Critics' Choice Awards and a SAG Award nomination for Blunt at the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards. The film opens with

nanny of Jane and Michael Banks, returning after a family tragedy. Walt Disney Pictures announced the film in September 2015. Marshall was hired later that month, and Blunt and Miranda were cast in February 2016. Principal photography lasted from February to July 2017, and took place at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England. ""Mary Poppins Returns"" held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on November 29, 2018, and was released in the United States on December 19, 2018, making it one of the longest gaps between film sequels in Disney history at 54 years. The film received

"Mary Poppins (musical)"
by Ocesa Teatro and starring Bianca Marroquin as Mary and Mauricio Salas as Bert. In April 2015 Brazilian entertainment company Time for Fun opened auditions for the Portuguese-language premiere in São Paulo, but eventually the production was cancelled. The first Japanese language production opened on March 25, 2018 in Tokyo before moving to Osaka in May 2018. In September 2018, it was announced that a West End revival would play at the Prince Edward Theatre beginning in 2019. Bert, a man of many professions, introduces the audience to Cherry Tree Lane (""Chim Chim Cher-ee/Cherry Tree Lane- Part 1"") in Edwardian

pitch"" while calling Shaiman and Wittman's songs as a ""gravest disappointment"", which she stressed out that ""these are songs that get in your head, body, memory, and there’s nothing here with comparable melodic or lyrical staying power"" in her negative comparison of the former to the Sherman Brothers' 1964 original songs, but praised Whishaw's performance as ""emotional rawness"". Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns is a 2018 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, with a screenplay written by David Magee and a story by Magee, Marshall, and John DeLuca. Based on the book series of the same name

be digitally inked & painted. Character designer James Woods and animator James Baxter also helped redesign the penguins from the first film. All of the hand-drawn animation was created by Duncan's animation studio, Duncan Studio, in Pasadena, California. The music and score for the film was composed by Marc Shaiman, with song lyrics written by Scott Wittman and Shaiman. The complete soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 7, 2018. The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 25, 2018. However, in July 2018, it was moved up to December 19, 2018. On March 4,

"Mary Poppins (film)"
to be directly involved with creating the stage musical. In September 2015, it was reported that a new film was in development by Walt Disney Pictures. The film would take place 20 years after the first, featuring a standalone narrative based on the remaining seven books in the series. Rob Marshall was hired to direct, while John DeLuca and Marc Platt served as producers, with Emily Blunt starring as the lead. Van Dyke is the only actor from the original to return, portraying the son of one of his original characters. Mary Poppins (film) Mary Poppins is a 1964 American

"The Old Man and the Sea"
, ""The Old Man and the Sea"" is Hemingway's final full-length work published during his lifetime. The book, dedicated to ""Charlie Scribner"" and to Hemingway's literary editor ""Max Perkins"", was featured in ""Life"" magazine on September 1, 1952, and five million copies of the magazine were sold in two days. ""The Old Man and the Sea"" became a Book of the Month Club selection, and made Hemingway a celebrity. Published in book form on September 1, 1952, the first edition print run was 50,000 copies. The illustrated edition featured black and white pictures by Charles Tunnicliffe and Raymond Sheppard. In

The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. In 1953, ""The Old Man and the Sea"" was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it was cited by

poll of the UK's 200 ""best-loved novels"". In 2007 the book was featured as a plot element in an episode of ""South Park"" (series 11, episode 6). The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the

"Perry Index"
Wolf and Lycophron Perry 418. The Ostrich Perry 419. The Thief and the Innkeeper Perry 420. The Two Adulterers Perry 421. The Sailor and his Son Perry 422. The Eagle once a Man Perry 423. Aesop and the Bitch Perry 424. Aesop to the Corinthians Perry 425. The Fisherman and the Octopus Perry 426. Fox and Crane Perry 427. Fox and Hedgehog Perry 428. The Sybarite and the Chariot Perry 429. The Man who tried to count the Waves Perry 430. The Creation of Man Perry 431. Man's Loquacity Perry 432. Apollo, the Muses and the Dryads Perry 433. Aphrodite

by the marlin, and two days and nights pass with Santiago holding onto the line. Though wounded by the struggle and in pain, Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary, often referring to him as a brother. He also determines that, because of the fish's great dignity, no one shall deserve to eat the marlin. On the third day, the fish begins to circle the skiff. Santiago, worn out and almost delirious, uses all his remaining strength to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin with a harpoon. Santiago straps the marlin to the side of

"Captain Abby and Captain John"
Captain Abby and Captain John Captain Abby and Captain John, or Captain Abby and Captain John: An Around-the-world Biography is a book written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Robert Peter Tristram Coffin (1892–1955). The book was written in 1939, and was published by Macmillan Press. It chronicles the true life adventures of a husband and wife team that co-captained a tall ship in the heyday of wooden shipping in the 19th century. The couple at the heart of the story are John and Abby Pennell, part of the Pennell shipbuilding dynasty of Brunswick, Maine (U.S.A.).The family company was known as Pennell

May 1953, the novel received the Pulitzer Prize and was specifically cited when in 1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature which he dedicated to the Cuban people. The success of ""The Old Man and the Sea"" made Hemingway an international celebrity. ""The Old Man and the Sea"" is taught at schools around the world and continues to earn foreign royalties. ""The Old Man and the Sea"" served to reinvigorate Hemingway's literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novel was initially received with much popularity; it restored many readers' confidence in Hemingway's

the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954. ""The Old Man and the Sea"" tells the story of a battle between an aging, experienced fisherman, Santiago, and a large marlin. The story opens with Santiago having gone 84 days without catching a fish, and now being seen as """"salao"", the worst form of unluckiness. He is so unlucky that his young apprentice, Manolin, has been forbidden by his parents to sail with him and has been told instead to fish with successful fishermen. The boy visits Santiago's shack each night,

"The Long Ships"
Unready, and the Battle of Maldon, all before the backdrop of the gradual Christianisation of Scandinavia, contrasting the pragmatic Norse pagan outlook with the exclusiveness of Islam and Christianity. The novel is divided into two parts, published in 1941 and 1945, with two books each. It is one of the most widely read books in Sweden, topping the charts of most loaned books at Swedish libraries for many years. The first part was translated into English by Barrows Mussey as ""Red Orm"" in 1943, but later editions and newer translations by Michael Meyer use the title ""The Long Ships"". The

"The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey"
There is a Confrontation and a duel, and then all sail for Africa by way of St. Helena. And there the story stops, ending in a superb afterword by Richard Snow. It’s all there. The wonderful language. The leisurely pace. The rich detail. There’s just no end. Readers will be left to their dreams. ""Publishers Weekly"" marks this fragment as a worthy addition to the series, marking the end of an era. For Aubrey/Maturin addicts, there could be no better gift: a new, albeit incomplete, story with freshly piquant details, wry humor and salty nautical action. Although the official word

"Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword"
Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword is a stand-alone expansion for the action role-playing video game ""Mount & Blade"". The game is developed by Sich Studio and TaleWorlds and was published by Paradox Interactive in Europe. The game and its storyline is loosely based on the novel ""With Fire and Sword"" by Henryk Sienkiewicz, depicting Poland's 1648–1651 war against the Khmelnytsky Uprising in present-day Ukraine, and its sequels dealing with the invasion of Poland by Sweden and with Polish wars against the Ottoman Empire. The gameplay is based on that of """",

"Iron Age sword"
appears from ca. the 6th century BC. In Classical Antiquity and the Parthian and Sassanid Empires in Iran, iron swords were common. The Greek xiphos and the Roman gladius are typical examples of the type, measuring some 60 to 70 cm. The late Roman Empire introduced the longer spatha (the term for its wielder, spatharius, became a court rank in Constantinople). Chinese steel swords make their appearance from the 5th century BC Warring States period, although earlier iron swords are also known from the Zhou dynasty. The Chinese Dao (刀 pinyin dāo) is single-edged, sometimes translated as sabre or broadsword,

"Ancient warfare"
also near two feet long but with no handle and wield by the Coorg and Malabar. In Southern India, the Borobudur and the Veragal, either shaped like a hook or a wavy design, were the swords in use. A rather unique weapon used in India is the Baghnakh which are similar to a knuckle duster and were used to slit the opponent’s throat or belly. Armor in India can be found dating back to 500 BC and Vedic literature; there are several different types: leather and fabric, scale, brigandine, lamellar, mail, plate, and a combination of mail and plate. In

"Hand-to-hand combat"
early as the Zhou Dynasty (1022 BCE to 256 BCE). Despite major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I, hand-to-hand fighting methods such as bayonet remained common in modern military training, though the importance of formal training declined after 1918. By 1944 some German rifles were being produced without bayonet lugs. Close Quarters Combat (CQC), or World War II combatives, was largely codified by William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric Anthony Sykes. Also known for their eponymous Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife, Fairbairn and Sykes had worked

"Fire lance"
Fire lance The fire lance () was a very early gunpowder weapon that appeared in 10th century China during the Jin-Song Wars. It began as a small pyrotechnic device attached to a spear-like weapon, used to gain a critical shock advantage right at the start of a melee. As gunpowder improved, the explosive discharge was increased, and debris or pellets added, giving it some of the effects of a combination modern flamethrower and shotgun, but with a very short range (3 meters or less), and only one shot (some were designed for two shots). In later larger and more powerful

Sword
Early Modern period, western sword design diverged into roughly two forms, the thrusting swords and the sabers. The thrusting swords such as the rapier and eventually the smallsword were designed to impale their targets quickly and inflict deep stab wounds. Their long and straight yet light and well balanced design made them highly maneuverable and deadly in a duel but fairly ineffective when used in a slashing or chopping motion. A well aimed lunge and thrust could end a fight in seconds with just the sword's point, leading to the development of a fighting style which closely resembles modern fencing.

Swordsmanship
following developments in firearm technology. The civilian affair of dueling was banned in most areas, but persisted to some degree regardless of law until well into the 20th century The German school of swordsmanship, in general, faced a decline during the Renaissance as the Italian and Spanish schools, which tilted more toward the rapier and civilian dueling, took the forefront. The compendium compiled by Paulus Hector Mair in the 1540s looks back to the preceding century of work and attempts to reconstruct and preserve a failing art. The treatise by Joachim Meyer, dating to the 1570s and notable for its

and resilience to the iron gladius of early Rome. As time passed, the ""spatha"" evolved into the arming sword, a weapon with a notable cruciform hilt common among knights in the Medieval Age. Some time after this evolution, the earliest known treatises ""(Fechtbücher"") were written, dealing primarily with arming sword and buckler combat. Among these examples is the I.33, the earliest known ""Fechtbuch"". The German school of swordsmanship can trace itself most closely to Johannes Liechtenauer and his students, who later became the German masters of the 15th century, including Sigmund Ringeck, Hans Talhoffer, Peter von Danzig and Paulus Kal.

""Arms and Armour: Traditional Weapons of India"" it is read that the wrastrana, a breast plate, has been in use since prehistoric times though the most popular is the char-aina meaning four mirrors is a coat of mail overlaid with four elaborately designed plates. The helmets consisted of a sliding nose guard with a piece of chainmail hanging from it designed to protect the neck and shoulders. Armor was not just limited to human soldiers but extended to their horses and elephants as well. The horse armor was made up of mail and plates or lamellae which covered the neck,

"History of martial arts"
226 CE), and is still widely practiced today in the region. Following the development of Sufi Islam in the 8th century CE, varzesh-e pahlavani absorbed philosophical and spiritual components from that religion. Other historical grappling styles from the region include Turkic forms such as kurash, köräş and yağlı güreş. The north Arabian tradition of horsemanship quickly became an integral part of warfare throughout the Arab world and much of the Middle East. The Middle Ages saw the flourishing of the furusiyya culture, combining the ancient Bedouin concept of honour (""muru'ah"") with the Islamic ideals of chivalry. A """" (meaning knight

"Nirman Vihar metro station"
Nirman Vihar metro station The Nirman Vihar metro station is located on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro. There's no parking facility by the metro station authority but passengers have the option to park their vehicles in the parking lot of the V3S mall, which is right next to the metro station. Like most of the other metro stations, there are four entry/exit gates here. Public amenities at Nirman Vihar metro station includes a Sulabh Complex (paid service). There are a number of outlets like Buddy's in the metro station premises. A couple of them are at the concourse

"New Delhi metro station"
New Delhi metro station New Delhi is a station on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro. It is within walking distance from the Indian Railways New Delhi station. It is on the Ajmeri Gate (Platform Number 16) side of the New Delhi Railway Station. The Airport Express also terminates at New Delhi Metro Station. Check-in facilities of some of the carriers including Air India are available at this station. Delhi Transport Corporation bus routes number 39STL, 120B, 172, 213, 213A, 307A, 308, 430A, 433, 433CL, 433LSTL, 440A, 445, 445A, 453, 454, 457, 458, 460A, 467, 500, 522SPL, 604, 622,

"Tilak Nagar (Delhi)"
Tilak Nagar (Delhi) ""'Tilak Nagar"" , named after freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak; is a suburban area and commercial hub in district of West Delhi, Delhi, India. Tilak Nagar is situated approximately 20 km from the New Delhi Railway Station and 17 km from Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport. It is connected with Delhi Metro via blue line to the commercial hub of Connaught Place and to adjacent cities Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Noida making it easy and feasible to commute on a day-to-day basis. Tilak Nagar is surrounded by suburban localities namely Ajay Enclave, Vishnu Garden, Chand Nagar, Ashok Nagar,

"Kashmere Gate metro station"
Kashmere Gate metro station The Kashmere Gate is a Delhi Metro station in Delhi, on the Red Line, Yellow Line and Violet Line. It is a transfer station between the Red Line on the highest upper level, the Yellow Line on the lowest underground level and Violet Line on the parallel underground level. It was named on 25 December 2002. The Kashmere Gate Metro station services the historic Kashmiri Gate area of Delhi, and is currently the largest metro station within the Delhi metro with area of about and the only 3 line interchange metro station in India. The giant

"Mohan Nagar metro station"
Mohan Nagar metro station The Mohan Nagar Metro Station is located on the Red Line of the Delhi Metro. It is located in the Sahibabad Industrial Area locality of Ghaziabad of Uttar Pradesh.It is one of main and busiest metro station of Ghaziabad and also the future connectivity with Vaishali Blue line metro is Proposed.Situated Right next to important Malls,Hospital,colleges and Industrial area which gives this metro station a extra importance .People going to anand Vihar or Vaishali can take Bus from outside the Metro Station also auto rickshaw to various places of Ghaziabad and Dilshad Garden is available from

"Vishwa Vidyalaya metro station"
Vishwa Vidyalaya metro station The Vishwa Vidyalaya metro station (known as Honda 2 Wheelers Vishwa Vidyalaya following a re-branding) is located on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro, which services the University of Delhi area and the Delhi University Stadium. On 24 September 2016, the station was renamed to Honda 2 Wheelers Vishwavidyalaya. Delhi Transport Corporation bus routes number 7, 26, 101, 101B, 103, 104, 105, 108, 108STL, 112, 114ST, 120, 120A, 120B, 135, 140, 143, 162, 169, 171, 173, 185, 185LSTL, 191, 192, 193, 234, 234CL, 234CLE, 235, 259, 333, 341, 402, 402CL, 813, 813CL, 883, 883A, 901,

"Lajpat Nagar metro station"
Lajpat Nagar metro station Lajpat Nagar is an interchange station between Violet Line and Pink Line of the Delhi Metro in Delhi. It is located between Jangpura and Moolchand on the Violet Line in Lajpat Nagar. The station was opened with the first section of the Violet Line on 3 October 2010, in time for the Commonwealth Games opening ceremony on the same day. It became an interchange station with the opening of the Pink Line on 6 August 2018. The station on the Pink Line is underground, whereas the Violet line station is elevated. However, both the lines are

"Rajiv Chowk metro station"
known as Rajiv Chowk, named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. It is not named after Rajiv Goswami, an anti-quota activist, as depicted in several websites. In September 1995, the Home Ministry decreed that henceforth, the 75-year-old Connaught Place (CP) will be known as Rajiv Chowk and Connaught Circus as Indira Chowk. Rajiv Chowk metro station The Rajiv Chowk is a Delhi Metro station in Delhi, on the Blue and Yellow Lines. It is a transfer station between the Blue Line on the upper level and the Yellow Line on the lower level. It is one of the

716, 728A, 781, 840EXT, 853, 910A, 949, Airport Exp- 4, RL-75, RL-77A, RL-77B, RL-77Ext, RL-79 serves the station. New Delhi metro station New Delhi is a station on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro. It is within walking distance from the Indian Railways New Delhi station. It is on the Ajmeri Gate (Platform Number 16) side of the New Delhi Railway Station. The Airport Express also terminates at New Delhi Metro Station. Check-in facilities of some of the carriers including Air India are available at this station. Delhi Transport Corporation bus routes number 39STL, 120B, 172, 213, 213A, 307A,

"Shivaji Park metro station"
Shivaji Park metro station Shivaji Park is a station named after the great Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on the Green Line of the Delhi Metro and is located in the West Delhi district of Delhi. It is an elevated station with parking facilities and was inaugurated on 2 April 2010. Passengers for Shivaji Park, Central Market, Punjabi Bagh West and Punjabi Bagh Extension should get down here for these nearby areas. Under Phase III expansion of Delhi Metro, Shivaji Park will act as a virtual interchange station with the newly made Mukundpur-Shiv Vihar Line (Line 7). It will be connected with

"Sunset Song"
Sunset Song Sunset Song is a 1932 novel by the Scottish writer Lewis Grassic Gibbon. It is widely regarded as one of the most important Scottish novels of the 20th century. It is the first part of the trilogy ""A Scots Quair"". There have been several adaptations, including a 1971 television series by BBC Scotland, a 2015 film version, and some stage versions. The central character is a young woman, Chris Guthrie, growing up in a farming family in the fictional Estate of Kinraddie in The Mearns in the north east of Scotland at the start of the 20th century.

"Sunset at Blandings"
to ensure his brother Clarence continues to lead a quiet and peaceful life. Sunset at Blandings Sunset at Blandings is an unfinished novel by P. G. Wodehouse published in the United Kingdom by Chatto & Windus, London, on 17 November 1977 and in the United States by Simon & Schuster, New York, 19 September 1978. Wodehouse was still working on the book when he died in 1975; the published version was edited by Richard Usborne, and includes Wodehouse's notes on the ending of the story. The story is, as the poignant name suggests, another tale set at Blandings Castle, filled

Sunset at Blandings Sunset at Blandings is an unfinished novel by P. G. Wodehouse published in the United Kingdom by Chatto & Windus, London, on 17 November 1977 and in the United States by Simon & Schuster, New York, 19 September 1978. Wodehouse was still working on the book when he died in 1975; the published version was edited by Richard Usborne, and includes Wodehouse's notes on the ending of the story. The story is, as the poignant name suggests, another tale set at Blandings Castle, filled as ever with romance and imposters. Galahad Threepwood uses his charm and wit

"To a Waterfowl"
in ""To a Waterfowl"". The inspiration for the poem occurred in December 1815 when Bryant, then 21, was walking from Cummington to Plainfield to look for a place to settle as a lawyer. The duck, flying across the sunset, seemed to Bryant as solitary a soul as himself, inspiring him to write the poem that evening. ""To a Waterfowl"" was first published in the ""North American Review"" in Volume 6, Issue 18, March 1818. It was later published in the collection ""Poems"" in 1821. Matthew Arnold praised it as ""the best short poem in the language"", and the poet and

"A Song for Summer"
A Song for Summer A Song for Summer is a romance novel by British author Eva Ibbotson, first published in 1997. Eva Ibbotson is possibly best known as an award-winning and prolific author of children's books, but she also wrote many beloved romance novels for the adult market, of which ""A Song for Summer"" was the last. This novel and four others (""A Countess Below Stairs"", ""A Company of Swans"", ""The Reluctant Heiress"", and ""The Morning Gift"") were reissued between 2007 and 2009 for the young adult market. Set in early 1940s Austria, the novel centers around a young English

"The Grass Harp"
The Grass Harp The Grass Harp is a novel by Truman Capote published on October 1, 1951 It tells the story of an orphaned boy and two elderly ladies who observe life from a tree. They eventually leave their temporary retreat to make amends with each other and other members of society. Not wanting to take up his incomplete first novel, ""Summer Crossing"", Capote began writing ""The Grass Harp"" in June 1950 and completed it on May 27, 1951. The novel was inspired by memories of his Alabama childhood, specifically a tree house constructed in the 1930s in a large

"The Darkling Thrush"
that the small bird possesses ""some blessed Hope, whereof he knew and I was unaware."" The Darkling Thrush ""The Darkling Thrush"" is a poem by Thomas Hardy. Originally titled """"By the Century's Deathbed, 1900"", it was published on 29 December 1900 in ""The Graphic"". A deleted '1899' on the poem's manuscript suggests that it may have been written the year before. It was later included in a collection entitled ""Poems of the Past and the Present"" (1901). The first stanzas open with a description of the dreary, bleak winter landscape, but the melancholy tone is transformed by the bright, optimistic

"Daniel Whitehead Hicky"
Daniel Whitehead Hicky Daniel Whitehead Hicky (b December 6, 1900 Social Circle, GA – d July 17, 1976 Atlanta, GA) was an American poet and one of the most widely published poets in America during his prime. In addition to his six published books; ""Bright Harbor"" (1932), ""Thirteen Sonnets For Georgia"" (1933), ""Call Back The Spring"" (1935), ""Wild Heron"" (1940), ""Never The Nightingale"" (1951), and ""The Poems of Daniel Whitehead Hicky"" (1975), his work was regularly published in the national magazines, newspapers, and periodicals including The Saturday Evening Post, Harper's Magazine, The Atlanta Constitution, The North American Review, The New

"Bird's Shadow"
Bird's Shadow Bird's Shadow () is a collection of short stories by a Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin, inspired by the tour over the Middle East he and wife Vera Muromtseva undertook in the 1900s. Written between 1907 and 1911, these stories came out as a separate edition in Paris in 1931, although most of them had appeared in the ""Temple of the Sun"" 1917 compilation. The book's working title was ""Fields of the Dead"", for, as the author argued, ""aren't they all fields of the dead – Baalbek and Palmyra, Babylon and Assyria, Judea and Egypt?.. But the

"Venues of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics"
Venues of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics The compactness of the venue locations for the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics, hosted by the county of Pyeongchang, was one of the winning arguments of the bid. The Games were gathered around two main venues: these were the mountain resort of Alpensia in Pyeongchang for the outdoor (snow) sports (Nordic and alpine skiing, bobsleigh, etc.) and the coastal city of Gangneung for the indoor (ice) sports (figure skating, ice hockey, etc.) There were also two stand-alone mountain venues. The Games had a total of 13 competition venues, six of

"Plague of Athens"
Plague of Athens The Plague of Athens () was an epidemic that devastated the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece during the second year of the Peloponnesian War (430 BC) when an Athenian victory still seemed within reach. It is believed to have entered Athens through Piraeus, the city's port and sole source of food and supplies. Much of the eastern Mediterranean also saw outbreak of the disease, albeit with less impact. The plague returned twice more, in 429 BC and in the winter of 427/426 BC. Some 30 pathogens have been suggested as causing the plague. Sparta and its

identification is limited by the inability of some important pathogens to leave a ""footprint"" retrievable from archaeological remains after several millennia. The lack of a durable signature by RNA viruses means some etiologies, notably the hemorrhagic fever viruses, are not testable hypotheses using currently available scientific techniques. Plague of Athens The Plague of Athens () was an epidemic that devastated the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece during the second year of the Peloponnesian War (430 BC) when an Athenian victory still seemed within reach. It is believed to have entered Athens through Piraeus, the city's port and sole source

nature not only were helpless but themselves died the fastest, having had the most contact with the sick. In overcrowded Athens, the disease killed an estimated 25% of the population. The sight of the burning funeral pyres of Athens caused the Spartans to withdraw their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. Many of Athens' infantry and expert seamen died, as well as their general Pericles. After the death of Pericles, Athens was led by a succession of leaders Thucydides described as incompetent or weak. According to Thucydides, not until 415 BC had Athens recovered sufficiently to

whether they died after eating the corpses or refused to eat them and were driven away: Historians have long tried to identify the disease behind the Plague of Athens. The disease has traditionally been considered an outbreak of the bubonic plague in its many forms, but reconsiderations of the reported symptoms and epidemiology have led scholars to advance alternative explanations. These include typhus, smallpox, measles, and toxic shock syndrome. Based upon striking descriptive similarities with recent outbreaks in Africa, as well as the fact that the Athenian plague itself apparently came from Africa (as Thucydides recorded), Ebola or a related

"Plague of Justinian"
Plague of Justinian The Plague of Justinian (541–542 AD) was a pandemic that afflicted the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, especially its capital Constantinople, the Sasanian Empire, and port cities around the entire Mediterranean Sea. One of the deadliest plagues in history, the devastating pandemic resulted in the deaths of an estimated 25–50 million people in two centuries of recurrence, equivalent to 13–26% of the world's population at the time of the first outbreak. The plague's social and cultural impact during the period of Justinian has been compared to that of the similar Black Death that devastated Europe 600 years after

mass graves. Sometimes those carrying the dead would come across an already burning funeral pyre, dump a new body on it, and walk away. Others appropriated prepared pyres so as to have enough fuel to cremate their own dead. Those lucky enough to survive the plague developed an immunity and so became the main caretakers of those who later fell ill. A mass grave and nearly 1,000 tombs, dated between 430 and 426 BC, have been found just outside Athens' ancient Kerameikos cemetery. The mass grave was bordered by a low wall that seems to have protected the cemetery from

ground for disease and many citizens died including Pericles, his wife, and his sons Paralus and Xanthippus. In the history of epidemics the 'Plague' of Athens is remarkable for its one-sided affliction and bias on the ultimate outcome of a war. In his ""History of the Peloponnesian War"" the historian Thucydides, who was present and contracted the disease himself and survived, describes the epidemic. He writes of a disease coming from Ethiopia and passing through Egypt and Libya into the Greek world—a plague so severe and deadly that no one could recall anywhere its like, and physicians ignorant of its

mount a major offensive, the disastrous Sicilian Expedition. Accounts of the Athenian plague graphically describe the social consequences of an epidemic. Thucydides' account clearly details the complete disappearance of social morals during the time of the plague. The impact of disease on social and religious behavior was also documented during the worldwide pandemic best known as the Black Death. Thucydides states that people ceased fearing the law since they felt they were already living under a death sentence. Likewise, people started spending money indiscriminately. Many felt they would not live long enough to enjoy the fruits of wise investment, while

allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land based powers, able to summon large land armies that were very nearly unbeatable. Under the direction of Pericles, the Athenians pursued a policy of retreat within the city walls of Athens, relying on Athenian maritime supremacy for supply while the superior Athenian navy harassed Spartan troop movements. Unfortunately the strategy also resulted in adding many people from the countryside to an already well-populated city, introducing a severe crowding factor as well as resource shortages. Due to the close quarters and poor hygiene exhibited at that time Athens became a breeding

some of the poor unexpectedly became wealthy by inheriting the property of their relatives. It is also recorded that people refused to behave honorably because most did not expect to live long enough to enjoy a good reputation for it. Another reason for the lack of honorable behavior was the sheer contagiousness of the illness. Those who tended to the ill were most vulnerable to catching the disease. This meant that many people died alone because no one was willing to risk caring for them. The dead were heaped on top of each other, left to rot, or shoved into

"Forfeit (baseball)"
Although not uncommon in baseball's early days, forfeits are now rare. There have been only five forfeits in Major League Baseball since 1954; the last forfeit was in 1995, and prior to that, 1979. Since 1914, there has only been one incident where a team deliberately made a decision to forfeit a game, by the 1977 Baltimore Orioles. Sports with seven-inning games, such as high school baseball or softball, generally award a rule-based score of 7–0. The same is true for Little League Baseball, per Rule 2.00, under the definition of ""Forfeit"", there is one run allocated per inning, so

"Major League Baseball tie-breaking procedures (1995–2011)"
Series, where they were swept by the eventual World Series winners, the New York Yankees. Two teams that are tied for the wildcard berth (such that both teams have a worse record than their division champion, whether in the same division or not), always play a tiebreaker game. Home field advantage in this scenario is given according to tie-breakers outlined in the next section. Prior to 2009, home field advantage in the game was determined by a series of coin tosses that occurred a few weeks before the end of the season between teams that were close enough to each

"2001 World Series"
2001 Diamondbacks roster, Lyle Overbay, retired following the 2014 season with the Milwaukee Brewers while the last player from the 2001 Yankees, Randy Choate, retired on February 16, 2017. From 2002 through 2007, the Yankees' misfortune in the postseason continued, with the team losing the ALDS to the Anaheim Angels in 2002, the World Series to the Florida Marlins in 2003, the ALCS to the Boston Red Sox (in the process becoming the first ever team in postseason history to blow a 3-0 series lead) in 2004, the ALDS again to the Angels in 2005, the ALDS to Detroit in

advance to the best-of-seven NLCS and ALCS. Due to a players' strike, however, the NLDS and ALDS were not played until 1995. Beginning in 1998, home field advantage was given to the team with the better regular season record, with the exception that the Wild Card team cannot get home-field advantage. After the boycott of 1904, the World Series was played every year until 1994 despite the First World War, the global influenza pandemic of 1918–1919, the Great Depression of the 1930s, America's involvement in the Second World War, and even an earthquake in the host cities of the 1989

"Ain't Living Long Like This"
Ain't Living Long Like This Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, ""Elvira"", ""Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down"" and ""(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I"" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, ""Ain't Living Long Like This"" is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it """"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but

in 2003 as a tribute to Waylon. Gary Stewart and Jerry Jeff Walker also covered the song in the 1970s. Andy Griggs recorded a version for his 1999 first album, ""You Won't Ever Be Lonely"". ""Baby, Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down"" was covered by Emmylou Harris on her 1983 album ""White Shoes"" and by Rosanne Cash on her 1979 album ""Right or Wrong"". ""Song for the Life"" was first covered in 1980 by John Denver and in 1982 by Waylon Jennings. Alan Jackson released his version as a single from his album ""Who I Am"" in 1994 where it became

a top ten hit. Willie Nelson, Ricky Skaggs, Emmylou Harris and Nicolette Larson sang background vocals on several of the tracks. All tracks composed by Rodney Crowell; except where indicated Side 1 Side 2 Ain't Living Long Like This Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, ""Elvira"", ""Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down"" and ""(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I"" were released as singles but they all failed to

also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer"""". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible. Three of the tracks are cover songs: Many Crowell-penned songs have since been covered by other artists. ""Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight"" was covered by Emmylou Harris in 1978 and, a year later, by The Oak Ridge Boys from ""The

Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived"". They released it as a single that reached Number One. ""Voila, An American Dream"" was covered (as ""An American Dream"") by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and was the title track to their 1979 album. Released as a single, the record hit #13 on the U.S. pop charts and #3 in Canada. ""I Ain't Living Long Like This"" was recorded in 1978 by Emmylou Harris for her album, ""Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town"" and in 1979 by Waylon Jennings for his album ""What Goes Around Comes Around"". Brooks & Dunn recorded a version

"It Won't Be Like This for Long"
It Won't Be Like This for Long ""It Won't Be Like This for Long"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Darius Rucker, lead vocalist of the rock band Hootie & the Blowfish. It was released in November 2008 as the second from his first country music album ""Learn to Live"". Rucker co-wrote the song with Chris DuBois and Ashley Gorley. The song is a mid-tempo mostly accompanied by acoustic guitar and piano. The song describes a couple who have just had a baby, and throughout it chronicles how their lives change by the child's presence.

November 1, 2008 and peaked at number 1 on the chart dated March 28, 2009 and remained there for the next two weeks. ! Country ! Certification( It Won't Be Like This for Long ""It Won't Be Like This for Long"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Darius Rucker, lead vocalist of the rock band Hootie & the Blowfish. It was released in November 2008 as the second from his first country music album ""Learn to Live"". Rucker co-wrote the song with Chris DuBois and Ashley Gorley. The song is a mid-tempo mostly accompanied by

"I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living"
I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living ""I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living"" is a song written by Hank Williams and released as his thirteenth single on MGM Records in January 1950. The song expresses frustration and resentment towards a frigid woman who will not reciprocate the narrator's affection. The song, which alludes to ""fussin' and fightin'"" and contains the line ""You ain't never bin known to be wrong, and I ain't never bin right,"" was likely inspired by Hank's tumultuous relationship with his wife at the time, Audrey Williams, with biographer Colin Escott musing, ""Audrey's thoughts

can only be guessed at as she heard the substance of their domestic disputes on the radio, particularly as only one side ever got aired."" Williams recorded the song on August 30, 1949 at Herzog Studio in Cincinnati, Ohio (the same session that produced the B-side ""I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry""). He is backed by members of the Pleasant Valley Boys – Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Innis (rhythm guitar) – as well as Tommy Jackson (fiddle) and Ernie Newton (bass)."" The song peaked at #5 on the country singles chart. Johnny Horton recorded

"Wendell Mobley"
Wendell Mobley Wendell Lee Mobley (born in Celina, Ohio) is an American country music songwriter. He has written number 1 hits for Rascal Flatts and Kenny Chesney. He began playing in local bands before moving to Nashville, Tennessee, where he found a job playing guitar for Jack Greene and Alabama. After having his songs recorded by Joe Diffie and Kenny Rogers, he became a full-time songwriter. Mobley's first cut as a single was Alabama's ""We Can't Love Like This Anymore"" in 1994. Among his cuts are the number 1 singles ""How Forever Feels"" and ""There Goes My Life"" by Kenny

Octopus
ball, and to fill a glass by pouring water from a bottle. Octopus The octopus is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda. Around 300 species are recognised, and the order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the center point of the eight limbs (traditionally called ""arms"", sometimes mistakenly called ""tentacles""). The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim.

Octopus
Octopus The octopus is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda. Around 300 species are recognised, and the order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the center point of the eight limbs (traditionally called ""arms"", sometimes mistakenly called ""tentacles""). The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling

Octopus
coleoids but lack the extra specialised feeding appendages known as tentacles which are longer and thinner with suckers only at their club-like ends. The vampire squid (""Vampyroteuthis"") also lacks tentacles but has sensory filaments. Two possible extant cephalopod phylogenies, based on genetics studies by Strugnell ""et al."" 2007, are shown in the possible cladograms. The scientific name Octopoda was first coined and given as the order of octopuses in 1818 by English biologist William Elford Leach, who classified them as Octopoida the previous year. The Octopoda consists of around 300 known species and can be divided into two suborders, the

Octopus
""Haliphron atlanticus"", weighed 61 kg (134 lb) and was estimated to have had a live mass of 75 kg (165 lb). The smallest species is ""Octopus wolfi"", which is around and weighs less than . The octopus is bilaterally symmetrical along its dorso-ventral axis; the head and foot are at one end of an elongated body and function as the anterior (front) of the animal. The head includes the mouth and brain. The foot has evolved into a set of flexible, prehensile appendages, known as ""arms"", that surround the mouth and are attached to each other near their base by

Cephalopod
all cephalopods into two clades. One includes nautilus and most fossil nautiloids. The other clade (Neocephalopoda or Angusteradulata) is closer to modern coleoids, and includes belemnoids, ammonoids, and many orthocerid families. There are also stem group cephalopods of the traditional Ellesmerocerida that belong to neither clade. The coleoids, despite some doubts, appear from molecular data to be monophyletic. Ancient seafaring people were aware of cephalopods, as evidenced by artworks such as a stone carving found in the archaeological recovery from Bronze Age Minoan Crete at Knossos (1900 – 1100 BC) has a depiction of a fisherman carrying an octopus. The

Octopus
a webbed structure. The arms can be described based on side and sequence position (such as L1, R1, L2, R2) and divided into four pairs. The two rear appendages are generally used to walk on the sea floor, while the other six are used to forage for food; hence some biologists refer to the animals has having six ""arms"" and two ""legs"". The bulbous and hollow mantle is fused to the back of the head and is known as the visceral hump; it contains most of the vital organs. The mantle cavity has muscular walls and contains the gills; it

Octopus
of octopuses in extreme cases. Cephalopods have existed for 500 million years and octopus ancestors were in the Carboniferous seas 300 million years ago. The oldest known octopus fossil is ""Pohlsepia"", which lived 296 million years ago. Researchers have identified impressions of eight arms, two eyes, and possibly an ink sac. Octopuses are mostly soft tissue, and so fossils are relatively rare. Octopuses, squids and cuttlefish belong to the clade Coleoidea. They are known as ""soft-bodied"" cephalopods, lacking the external shell of most molluscs and other cephalopods like the Nautiloids and the extinct Ammonoidea. Octopuses have eight limbs like other

Oegopsida
Oegopsida Oegopsida is one of the two orders of squid in the superorder Decapodiformes, in the Cephalopoda class. It was formerly considered to be a suborder order of the Teuthida, in which case it is known as Oegopsina, together with the Myopsina. This reclassification is due to Oegopsina and Myopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade. The Oegopsida are an often pelagic squid, with some nerito-oceanic species associated with sea mounts. (from http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i1920e/i1920e04.pdf) They consist of 24 families and 69 genera. They have these characters in common: the head is without tentacle pockets, eyes lack a corneal covering, arms

"Common octopus"
order to stay within its preferential temperature zone. Common octopus The common octopus (""Octopus vulgaris"") is a mollusc belonging to the class Cephalopoda. ""Octopus vulgaris"" is the most studied of all octopus species. ""Octopus vulgaris"" is considered cosmopolitan. A global species, its range in the eastern Atlantic extends from the Mediterranean Sea and the southern coast of England to at least Senegal in Africa. It also occurs off the Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands. The species is also common in the Western Atlantic. ""Octopus vulgaris"" grows to 25 cm in mantle length with arms up to 1 m

Cephalopod A cephalopod () is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , ; ""head-feet"") such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles (muscular hydrostats) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology. Cephalopods became dominant during the Ordovician period, represented by primitive nautiloids. The class now contains two, only distantly related, extant subclasses: Coleoidea, which

"Turner Field"
built in southern Cobb County, with an Atlanta address, located ""near the geographic center of the Braves' fan base."" The new stadium was constructed in a public/private partnership. The projected cost was $672 million. It occupies of a lot, with the remainder of the space devoted to parking, green space, and mixed-use development. The new stadium is part of a 60-acre development called The Battery Atlanta. Although Cobb County is not presently served by MARTA, the Braves use a ""circulator"" bus system to shuttle fans to and from the stadium. Construction on SunTrust Park broke ground on September 16, 2014.

"Georgia Dome"
Georgia Dome The Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in the Southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta between downtown to the east and Vine City to the west, it was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, was built adjacent to the south and opened on August 26, 2017. The Georgia Dome was demolished on November 20, 2017. The Georgia Dome was the home stadium for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and the Georgia State University Panthers football team. It hosted 25

"Mercedes-Benz Stadium"
suites and exhibition area. In April 2012, Populous released a new price estimate of $947.7 million, which was significantly higher than the previous proposal of $700 million. In April 2012, ""The Atlanta Journal-Constitution"" reported that if a deal is reached, the new stadium's construction would be expected to begin in 2014, with the Falcons to begin regular-season play in 2017. The proposed location of the new stadium is a large parking lot in Atlanta's Vine City neighborhood, which is less than a mile north of the Georgia Dome's current location. Once construction is complete, the Georgia Dome would subsequently be

"Georgia State Stadium"
Georgia State Stadium Georgia State Stadium is a college football stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The stadium is the home of the Georgia State University Panthers football team as of the 2017 season, replacing the Georgia Dome which had served as their home stadium from the program's inception in 2010 until 2016. It is also the home of the Atlanta Legends of the Alliance of American Football (AAF). Georgia State Stadium was originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics as Centennial Olympic Stadium. Following the 1996 Summer Paralympics, the Olympic Stadium was reconfigured as designed into the baseball-specific Turner Field, serving

(SEC), and was supposed to host the annual ACC Championship Game through at least 2019. The game was moved in 2016 but reinstated in 2017. The largest crowd to ever attend a football game at the stadium was on September 9, 2018 when 74,532 fans watched the Panthers defeat the Dallas Cowboys 16-8. The Panthers organization considered several possible sites for the stadium's location before choosing the Charlotte center city site. Part of the site was occupied by the historic Good Samaritan Hospital. As part of the preparation for the 2019 Equal Justice Initiative Community Remembrance Project, Charlotte historian Michael

"SunTrust Park"
SunTrust Park SunTrust Park is a baseball park located in the Atlanta metropolitan area 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the unincorporated community of Cumberland, in Cobb County, Georgia. It is the home ballpark of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). On November 11, 2013, the Braves announced that the franchise would leave Turner Field for a new park after the 2016 season. The Braves have played their home games at SunTrust Park since April 2017. The new stadium was constructed in a public–private partnership with a project budget of $622 million. Cobb-Marietta Coliseum &

Mercedes-Benz Stadium The Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the now-demolished Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium from 1992 through 2016. Mercedes-Benz stadium holds the record of the world's largest halo board and is one of few American football stadiums with retractable roofs, and one of five in the NFL that has such a roof. The stadium is owned by the state of Georgia through the Georgia World Congress Center Authority,

"Grady Stadium"
Grady Stadium Grady Stadium is an Atlanta Public School football stadium located in Midtown Atlanta, south of Piedmont Park. The stadium is one of two stadiums owned and managed by the Atlanta Public School (APS) system. It is the only high school stadium in APS that is located on the campus of a high school. The stadium was used as a training site for athletes during the 1996 Olympic Games, and occasionally hosts public practices for the Atlanta Falcons. Grady stadium was designed by Richard Aeck, and is considered a masterpiece of modern engineering expression. For the fall of 2009,

April 28, 2018 as part of the Concrete and Gold Tour. Georgia State Stadium is located in the Southeastern Atlanta neighborhood of Summerhill. It is located on Hank Aaron Drive, which provides multiple parking areas. Georgia State Stadium is also accessible from multiple bus routes near the stadium courtesy of MARTA. MARTA does not offer a direct rail station at Georgia State Stadium; however, it can be accessed from the Georgia State station on the Blue/Green Line. Georgia State Stadium Georgia State Stadium is a college football stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The stadium is the home of the Georgia State

"God of War (2018 video game)"
War"" would not have microtransactions post-launch, a feature that has become prominent with other recent games and negatively criticized. An official novelization of the game, written by Cory Barlog's father, James Barlog, was released on August 28, 2018 by Titan Books. An audiobook version is also available, narrated by Alastair Duncan, who voiced Mímir in the game. Among the various digital content in the collector's editions was ""God of War"" #0 from Dark Horse Comics. Issue #1 was published in print on November 14, 2018. Written by Chris Roberson with art by Tony Parker, the four-part miniseries takes place between

"God of War (franchise)"
release of 2018's installment. Strong sales and support of the series led to the franchise's expansion into other media, such as three comic book series and three novels. A film adaptation of the original installment has been in development since 2005. Merchandise includes artwork, clothing, toys, and prop replicas, as well as the games' soundtracks, including a heavy metal album, """" (2010), featuring original music by various bands who were inspired by the series. God of War was first released in North America on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2. After ten years in the service of the Olympian

"God of War (DC Comics)"
have strong, epic images, and that she easily adapted her style to Wolfman's writing as he ""did really good work showing both dramatic and epic scenes."" Sorrentino used color to give importance to each scene, adding hot colors (red, orange, or brown) in action scenes and cold ones (green or light blue) in others so that readers could immediately have an emotional reaction. The series was published on a bi-monthly schedule between March 2010 and January 2011. In March 2011, the series was collected into a trade paperback. As with the first seven video games in the series, the comic

other beings' thoughts. The main antagonist is the Æsir god Baldur (Jeremy Davies), the brother of Thor, whose sons Modi and Magni (Nolan North and Troy Baker, respectively) assist Baldur. His parents are Odin and the Vanir god Freya (Danielle Bisutti). Freya tried leaving Odin, as she did not truly love him, and Odin had her banished to Midgard, after which she became known as the Witch of the Woods. To protect her son from a prophecy that foretold his death, Freya cast a spell of immortality on Baldur, which also caused him to not feel pain or any feeling

"God of War (film)"
God of War (film) God of War is a 2017 Chinese historical war film directed by Gordon Chan and starring Vincent Zhao, Sammo Hung, and Yasuaki Kurata. It was released in the United States in Mandarin with English subtitles on June 2, 2017. The plot is based on general Qi Jiguang's suppression of the ""wokou"" pirates during the Ming dynasty. In 1557, Japanese samurai warriors involved in ""wokou"" piracy terrorized and took control of the coastline villages in China. The Chinese General Yu Dayou (Sammo Hung) with the help of General Qi Jiguang (Vincent Zhao) had to create strategic methods

""God of War II"", the second novelization of the series, was written by Vardeman alone and was published by Del Rey Books on February 12, 2013. The third novelization in the series, titled ""God of War – The Official Novelization"", is of 2018's ""God of War"". It was released on August 28, 2018 by Titan Books and was written by Cory Barlog's father, James Barlog. Six ""God of War"" soundtracks have been commercially released and have featured several composers, including Gerard K. Marino, Ron Fish, Winifred Phillips, Mike Reagan, Cris Velasco, Winnie Waldron, Marcello De Francisci, Jeff Rona, Tyler Bates,

worldwide. ""God of War"" (2005), ""God of War II"", ""Chains of Olympus"", ""God of War Collection"", ""God of War III"", and ""God of War"" (2018) each received critical acclaim from several reviewers as compiled by review aggregator Metacritic, with both the 2005 and 2018 titles being tied for the highest score in the franchise at 94/100. ""Betrayal"" and ""Ghost of Sparta"" only received generally favorable reception. ""Ascension"" also only had a generally favorable reception and, not including the PlayStation Vita port of ""God of War Collection"", it has the lowest score in the series from Metacritic (80/100). At the time

Kratos his Guardian Shield. The spirit of the Greek goddess Athena (Carole Ruggier) makes a cameo appearance, and Zeus (Corey Burton) appears as an illusion to Kratos in Helheim. Many years have passed since Kratos took his vengeance against the Olympian gods, and he now lives with his young son Atreus in ancient Norway in the realm of Midgard. The game opens following the death of Kratos' second wife and Atreus' mother, Faye, whose last wish was for her ashes to be spread at the highest peak of the nine realms. Before starting their journey, Kratos is confronted by a

comic series from Dark Horse Comics, also titled ""God of War"" and written by Chris Roberson with art by Tony Parker, began publication in November 2018. The four-issue miniseries serves as a prequel story to the 2018 game. Issue #0 was included digitally with the three different special editions of the game. The ""God of War"" novels recount the events of the games and offer deeper insights into their stories. ""God of War"", the official novelization of the first game, was written by Matthew Stover and Robert E. Vardeman. It was published on May 25, 2010, by Del Rey Books.

""God of War"", Sony partnered with Facebook to develop the play-by-web game, which released on February 1, 2018. Completing the game unlocks downloadable concept art. The short story follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds. After archery training and learning runes with his mother, Atreus adventures into the wilderness after telepathically hearing the voice of a dying deer; he finds it covered in blood and stays with it during its final moments. A couple of draugrs appear and Atreus attempts to fight them, but is injured. He is saved by his father, Kratos, who was out hunting.

"Power Rangers (film)"
their lives for each other and resolve to defeat Rita. In doing so, they unlock the Morphing Grid. Zordon revives Billy, sacrificing being able to restore his physical self. With the team restored and confident, the Rangers morph into their armor. Rita creates Goldar, raises an army of Putties, and attacks Angel Grove to find the Zeo Crystal. The Rangers battle the Putties and head to Angel Grove in their Zords. After the Rangers destroy the Putties, Goldar pushes the Rangers and their Zords into a fiery pit. In the pit, the Zords combine and form the Megazord. Rita merges

Zorak
insect aspect of their appearance. They attack the colony world Meridian — homeworld of Space Ghost's sidekicks, Jan and Jace —, intent on devouring and enslaving the population. It is also revealed that the Dokarians have a Hive-mind, and that Zorak himself is not a single member of the race, but can be embodied by any Dokarian, should his current body be destroyed. The current Zorak's appearance is distinguished by a white exoskeleton torso, as well as possessing four arms; one set with mantis pincers and the other with human hands. They speak in an alien dialect, though the dialogue

Zordon
California desert outside the town of Angel Grove. He then discovers the Dinozords and the Power Coins, both of which were created by Ninjor. With this discovery, Zordon creates the Power Morphers to harness the raw energy of the Power Coins so that Zordon can recruit a team of Power Rangers when necessary. When Rita Repulsa is released from the Dumpster, Zordon recruits five teenagers from Angel Grove – Jason Lee Scott, Zack Taylor, Kimberly Hart, Trini Kwan, and Billy Cranston – to become the Power Rangers, giving them the Power Morphers, the Power Coins, and the Dinozords to battle

"Power Rangers Zeo"
events of ""Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers"", where Tommy and the other Rangers (Adam, Rocky, Tanya, Katherine and Billy) witness the destruction of the Command Center. After recovering, the powerless Rangers discover the Zeo Crystal intact in the rubble—apparently dropped by Goldar and Rito Revolto. The Crystal guides them to a portal, which takes them deep underground to the Power Chamber where they find Zordon and Alpha 5 waiting for them. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers become the Zeo Rangers, a new team of Rangers powered by the Zeo Crystal. The four remaining Mighty Morphin Rangers, Tommy, Adam, Rocky and Kat

"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"
who was responsible for capturing Rita (and also being enemies back on Zordon's homeworld, Eltar), later becomes aware of her release and orders his robotic assistant Alpha 5 to select five ""teenagers with attitude"" to defend the Earth from Rita's attacks. The five teens chosen are Jason Lee Scott, Kimberly Hart, Zack Taylor, Trini Kwan and Billy Cranston. Zordon gives them the ability to transform into a fighting force known as the Power Rangers; providing them with an arsenal of weapons at their disposal, as well as colossal assault machines called Zords which can combine into a giant humanoid machine

the Zeo Crystal. The Green Ranger, Rita Repulsa, betrays them and plans to dominate the universe. The Red Ranger, Zordon, survives Rita's attack and hides five of the Rangers' power source, the Power Coins. He orders Alpha 5, his robotic assistant, to perform a meteor strike that kills him, the dinosaurs, and sends Rita to the bottom of the sea, foiling her scheme. In 21st-century Angel Grove, high school football star Jason Scott is dismissed from the team and placed under house arrest after a failed prank. In detention, he encounters Billy Cranston and Kimberly Hart. After defending Billy from

tougher generation of machines. The Super Zeo Megazord is powerful enough to later destroy King Mondo, creating a power vacuum in the Machine Empire. Secretly returning from the M51 Galaxy, Lord Zedd and Rita seek to become top villains again. Operating out of an RV with Finster, they restore Goldar and Rito's memories, retrieving the pair in the process. After King Mondo's death, they launch their first plan, to use Louie Kaboom to take over the Machine Empire. Though he succeeds, he breaks free of Zedd and Rita's control. He embarks on his own plans to conquer Earth and destroy

of gold to raise her minion Goldar to find the Zeo Crystal. The five teenagers return to the mine and discover an ancient spaceship where they meet Alpha 5 and Zordon's consciousness. They inform the teenagers about the Rangers history and Rita, warning that they have eleven days until Rita has her full power, finds the Zeo Crystal, and uses it to destroy life on Earth. The five leave the ship with no intention of returning until Zordon pleads with Jason to convince the team. The five return to train the next day, but they cannot morph. They spend the

the World Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Rangers are faced with the task of finding replacements. In order to transfer the powers of the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, they must find the Sword of Light, which is located on the Deserted Planet. Zedd pursues them across the galaxy in Serpentera, his massive personal Zord, and destroys most of the Deserted Planet. Serpentera runs out of power before being able to finish the Rangers, and they return to Earth safely with the Sword of Light. Zordon then chooses Rocky, Adam and Aisha to replace Jason, Zack and Trini

Zentradi
served their creators, the Robotech Masters, as miners to obtain mineral ore from Fantoma, a giant planet close to Tyrol, the homeworld of the Masters. They eventually were modified to serve as an army of enforcers for the Robotech Masters' galactic empire. In Anime Classics Zettai! Brian Clamp and Julie Davis describe the Zentradi as ""a parody of tendencies in human civilisation"" and compare them to the Laputans from Gulliver's Travels. Zentradi The are a fictional, militaristic race of alien, humanoid giants and often the main antagonist in ""The Super Dimension Fortress Macross"" (1982) anime series and its ""Robotech"" (1985)

"Ozone depletion"
to nitric acid in the PSC particles, which then are lost by sedimentation is called denitrification. This prevents newly formed ClO from being converted back into . The role of sunlight in ozone depletion is the reason why the Antarctic ozone depletion is greatest during spring. During winter, even though PSCs are at their most abundant, there is no light over the pole to drive chemical reactions. During the spring, however, the sun comes out, providing energy to drive photochemical reactions and melt the polar stratospheric clouds, releasing considerable ClO, which drives the hole mechanism. Further warming temperatures near the

low winter values, by as much as 50 percent, and normal values are not reached again until December. Some people thought that the ozone hole should be above the sources of CFCs. However, CFCs are well mixed globally in the troposphere and stratosphere. The reason for occurrence of the ozone hole above Antarctica is not because there are more CFCs concentrated but because the low temperatures help form polar stratospheric clouds. In fact, there are findings of significant and localized ""ozone holes"" above other parts of the earth. In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly voted to designate September 16

as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, or ""World Ozone Day"", to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol on that date in 1987. Ozone depletion Ozone depletion describes two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events. The main

an important role in enhancing ozone depletion. PSCs form more readily in the extreme cold of the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere. This is why ozone holes first formed, and are deeper, over Antarctica. Early models failed to take PSCs into account and predicted a gradual global depletion, which is why the sudden Antarctic ozone hole was such a surprise to many scientists. It is more accurate to speak of ozone depletion in middle latitudes rather than holes. Total column ozone declined below pre-1980 values between 1980 and 1996 for mid-latitudes. In the northern mid-latitudes, it then increased from the minimum

"Ozone layer"
breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere results in reduced absorption of ultraviolet radiation. Consequently, unabsorbed and dangerous ultraviolet radiation is able to reach the Earth’s surface at a higher intensity. Ozone levels have dropped by a worldwide average of about 4 percent since the late 1970s. For approximately 5 percent of the Earth's surface, around the north and south poles, much larger seasonal declines have been seen, and are described as ""ozone holes"". The discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was first announced by Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin, in a paper which appeared

a century or so reach a steady state, 15 to 18 percent below normal levels. By 1984, when better evidence on the speed of critical reactions was available, this estimate was changed to 5 to 9 percent steady-state depletion. Crutzen, Molina, and Rowland were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on stratospheric ozone. The discovery of the Antarctic ""ozone hole"" by British Antarctic Survey scientists Farman, Gardiner and Shanklin (first reported in a paper in ""Nature"" in May 1985) came as a shock to the scientific community, because the observed decline in polar ozone was far

averaging 17.9 million square kilometres. The hole reached its maximum size for the season on Sept 22, stretching to 21.2 million square kilometres."" A gradual trend toward ""healing"" was reported in 2016. The hole in the Earth's ozone layer over the South Pole has affected atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere all the way to the equator. The ozone hole has influenced atmospheric circulation all the way to the tropics and increased rainfall at low, subtropical latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. On March 3, 2005, the journal ""Nature"" published an article linking 2004's unusually large Arctic ozone hole to solar

widely reported in the press. The especially rapid ozone depletion in Antarctica had previously been dismissed as a measurement error. Scientific consensus was established after regulation. While the Antarctic ozone hole has a relatively small effect on global ozone, the hole has generated a great deal of public interest because: Since the ozone layer absorbs UVB ultraviolet light from the sun, ozone layer depletion increases surface UVB levels (all else equal), which could lead to damage, including increase in skin cancer. This was the reason for the Montreal Protocol. Although decreases in stratospheric ozone are well-tied to CFCs and to

hole is usually measured by reduction in the total ""column ozone"" above a point on the Earth's surface. This is normally expressed in Dobson units; abbreviated as ""DU"". The most prominent decrease in ozone has been in the lower stratosphere. Marked decreases in column ozone in the Antarctic spring and early summer compared to the early 1970s and before have been observed using instruments such as the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). Reductions of up to 70 percent in the ozone column observed in the austral (southern hemispheric) spring over Antarctica and first reported in 1985 (Farman et al.) are

Ozone depletion Ozone depletion describes two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events. The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting

"Waller baronets"
Waller baronets There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Waller, one in the Baronetage of Ireland and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2008. The Waller Baronetcy, of Newport in the County of Tipperary, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 1 June 1780 for Robert Waller, Member of the Irish Parliament for Dundalk and a Commissioner of Revenue. The second Baronet served as High Sheriff of King's County in 1826. As of 1 August 2018 the present Baronet was entered into the Official Roll of the

Baronetage, with effect from 12 December 2000. He lives in USA. The Waller Baronetcy, of Braywick Lodge in the County of Berkshire, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1815 for Wathen Waller, Groom of the Bedchamber to William IV. Born Wathen Phipps, he was the son of Joshua Phipps and his wife Anne, daughter of Thomas Waller, and assumed by sign-manual in 1814 the surname of Waller in lieu of his patronymic as the heir of his maternal great-uncle James Waller. The third Baronet was a Major-General. The seventh Baronet was an author and

"John L. Waller"
to the royal family. For his support, the queen granted him a concession of on the southern end of the island, lush with mahogany, ebony, rosewood, and rubber trees. Waller developed the land into thriving production. In 1895, Waller's teenage daughter Jennie wed Henri Razafkeriefo, nephew of the queen. Later that year, with threats of French invasion looming, Waller had his wife and daughter — now pregnant with the baby who would grow up to be Andy Razaf — sent back to the United States for their safety. Following the second Franco-Hova war, the queen was deposed and several members

"Phineas Waller"
of Wilkes-Barre businessmen. Waller gained land in the vicinity of Wilkes-Barre and built a home there, but moved to his father's farm near Oquago, New York (also known as Windsor) in 1823. His children David Jewett and Nathan P. were left in Pennsylvania, but occasionally came to visit his farm. He also mined iron ore and coal while in the area. Additionally, he developed the village of Wallersville and gained approval for a post office by that name. He served as the postmaster from 1831 to 1836. To enhance the area's postal service, he established a line of mail coaches

two or more coal mines. His heirs were surprised by the size of the distribution that they gained from his estate. Waller first married Hannah Bradley on January 2, 1800. They had three children: Abraham Bradley (1800–1867), Nathan P. (1807–1884), and William Lindsey (1810–1887). Hannah Bradley died while the third child was still an infant. On March 31, 1814, Waller married Elizabeth Jewett, of New London, Connecticut. They had several more children: David Jewett (1815–1893), Harriet (1817–1887), Charles P. (1819–1862), George G. (1821–1888), and Martha (1825–1826). All three sons from this union would go on to become prominent figures. After

"Edmund Waller"
Amersham on 9 March 1606, but early in his childhood his father retired from business as a barrister and moved the family from Coleshill to Beaconsfield, in order to manage their extensive estates. By Waller's own account he ""was bred under several ill, dull and ignorant schoolmasters, until he went to Mr Dobson at Wycombe, who was a good schoolmaster and had been an Eton scholar"". This refers to his time at the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe, under the tutelage of Gerard Dobson. Waller's father died in 1616, and his mother Ann sent him to Eton between 1618 and

Phineas Waller Phineas Waller (January 31, 1774 – June 3, 1859) was an American landowner and the father of David Jewett Waller, Sr. In the first part of the 1800s, he worked as a farmer and distiller, but in 1823, he moved to his father's farm in Oaquago, New York. While in New York, he created the failed village of Wallersville and attempted to build a bridge across the Susquehanna River. In 1836, he returned to Pennsylvania and purchased a number of tracts of land. Waller was born on January 31, 1774, in Wilkes-Barre. He was the first child of

Kent. A branch of this family settled firstly at Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, and in the 17th century moved to Virginia, where they became prominent in early Virginia affairs. Prominent members of this branch include Benjamin Waller, Littleton Waller Tazewell and Edwin Waller. b. His descendant Rachel Waller, considering the Breux family's connections with Barbados, wrote in 1939 that: ""this probably gave rise to the assumption that she was not of pure European blood. In support of this theory, we may compare the portrait of the poet with those of his descendants. In these latter, the long face and aquiline lineaments

Eason
and its variants. Most Eason families are found in the USA, England, Canada and Scotland. It is the 20,158th most common surname in the world. Approximately 27,611 people bear this surname which is most prevalent in the US, but has the highest density in New Zealand. There are many variants on the surname Eason, including Easton, Easson, Esson There is also a One-Name Study on the surname Eason. Eason Eason is a surname and a given name. The name Eason comes from Aythe where the first recorded spelling of the family name is that of Aythe Filius Thome which was

"Littleton Waller"
initial tours of successive shore duty at the Marine Barracks in Norfolk, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Both of Waller's ancestral families enjoyed wealth and political distinction in England and America. The Wallers were high sheriffs of Kent, where the family owned Groombridge Place, and judiciaries in Buckinghamshire. Littleton Waller's ancestor Col. John Waller came to Virginia about 1635. He trained as an attorney at the College of William and Mary and founded a family that included several members of the Virginia House of Burgesses, a justice of the Virginia Supreme Court, and a member of Virginia's delegation to the committee

when's the last time michigan won a national championship in basketball

"2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup"
no play was possible due to rain and a wet outfield. Pakistan therefore finished in third place, as they finished their group ahead of Afghanistan on net run rate. In the final, India beat Australia by 8 wickets to win their fourth Under-19 World Cup, the most by any side. The ten full members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), as of 2016, qualified automatically for the tournament. Namibia, which placed seventh at the 2016 World Cup, also qualified automatically as the highest ranked associate member. The other five places in the tournament were awarded to the winners of the

"Under-19 Cricket World Cup"
stage, with back-to-back defeats to Bangladesh and Namibia. This was the first time that two non-test playing nations – Nepal and Namibia – qualified for the Super League/Quarterfinals. The West Indies defeated India by five wickets in the final, claiming their first title. Bangladesh's captain Mehedi Hasan was named player of the tournament, while England's Jack Burnham and Namibia's Fritz Coetzee led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively. The 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup was held in New Zealand. India and Australia played in the finals at Mount Maunganui on Feb 3 2018. It was the 12th Edition of

the group stage fixtures, Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan and South Africa had all qualified for the Super League quarter-final stage of the tournament. The other eight teams moved to the Plate League to determine their final placements in the competition. Sri Lanka went on to win the Plate League, giving them a final position of ninth overall in the tournament. In the first Super League semi-final, Australia beat Afghanistan by 6 wickets to progress to the final. In the second semi-final, India beat Pakistan by 203 runs to advance into the final. In the third-place playoff,

2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup The 2018 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was an international limited-overs cricket tournament that was held in New Zealand from 13 January to 3 February 2018. It was the twelfth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup, and the third to be held in New Zealand (after the 2002 and 2010 events). New Zealand was the first country to host the event three times. The opening ceremony took place on 7 January 2018. The West Indies were the defending champions. However, they failed to defend their title, after losing their first two group fixtures. Following

Indians Brian Lara, Ridley Jacobs, and Jimmy Adams. Australia's Brett Williams was the leading run-scorer, with 471 runs at an average of 52.33. Wayne Holdsworth from Australia and Mushtaq Ahmed were the leading wicket-takers, with 19 wickets at averages of 12.52 and 16.21 respectively. England were the unexpected winners of the second Under-19 World Cup in South Africa. In 1998, the event was relaunched in South Africa as a biennial tournament. The only previous tournament of its kind was held ten years earlier. In addition to the nine Test-playing nations, there were teams from Bangladesh, Kenya, Scotland, Ireland, Denmark, Namibia

Tony Ireland Stadium, Australia. Along with the ten test playing nations, Afghanistan, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Ireland, Scotland and Namibia also participated in this tournament. Australia lost against India in the final on 26 August 2012. India's third U19 World Cup meant they tied for the most wins with Australia. Sri Lanka could not go through into the last eight but won the Plate championship by defeating Afghanistan by 7 wickets. Reece Topley of England was the highest wicket taker whereas Anamul Haque of Bangladesh was the top run getter. India won the final against Australia with 14 balls to

the Under-19 World Cup. India defeated Australia by 8 wickets, with Manjot Kalra scoring a match-winning 101*. The Man of the match was awarded to Manjot Kalra, while player of the tournament was awarded to Shubman Gill. India now holds the most wins record in Under-19 World Cup. In the table below, teams are sorted by best performance, then winning percentage, then (if equal) by alphabetical order. Note: the win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win. Under-19 Cricket World Cup The ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International

for 147. New Zealand joined England in the final, where a century from England's Stephen Peters won the day. Chris Gayle was the tournament's leading run-scorer, with 364 runs at an average of 72.80. West Indian Ramnaresh Sarwan and Zimbabwean Mluleki Nkala were the leading wicket-takers, with 16 wickets at 10.81 and 13.06 respectively. The 2000 tournament was held in Sri Lanka, and replicated the format from 1998. Participating nations included the nine Test-playing nations, as well as Bangladesh, Kenya, Ireland, Namibia, Holland, Nepal and a combined team from the Americas development region. To the disappointment of a large crowd

of the Series. India clinched the title for the first time under the captaincy of Mohammed Kaif. The fourth Under-19 World Cup held in New Zealand only confirmed Australia's dominance of the game, and from their opening match, when they obliterated Kenya by 430 runs, through to their comprehensive victory over South Africa in the final, they were never threatened. Participating nations included the ten Test-playing nations, plus Canada, Kenya, Namibia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, and Scotland. Their captain, Cameron White, was singled out for praise for his leadership, and he chipped in with 423 runs at 70.50. And they

five regional under-19 tournaments. On 3 January 2018, the ICC appointed the officials for the tournament. Along with the seventeen umpires, Jeff Crowe, Dev Govindjee, David Jukes and Graeme Labrooy were also named as the match referees. Each team selected a 15-man squad for the tournament. Any players born on or after 1 September 1998 were eligible to be selected for the competition. The fixtures for the tournament were confirmed by the ICC on 17 August 2017. 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup The 2018 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was an international limited-overs cricket tournament that was held in New

"Ambedkar Jayanti"
Ambedkar Jayanti Ambedkar Jayanti or Bhim Jayanti is an annual festival observed on 14 April to commemorate the memory of B. R. Ambedkar. It marks Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's birthday who was born on April 14, 1891. Since 2015 it has been observed as an official public holiday throughout India. Ambedkar Jayanti is celebrated not just in India but all around the world. Ambedkar Jayanti processions are carried out by his followers at Chaitya Bhoomi in Mumbai and Deeksha Bhoomi in Nagpur. It is a customary for senior national figures, such as the President, Prime Minister and leaders of major

"Anant Chaturdashi"
Anant Chaturdashi Anant Chaturdashi is a festival observed and celebrated by Jains and Hindus. Chaturdashi is the 14th day of the lunar fortnight. In the normal course, Anant Chaturdashi falls 10 days after Ganesh Chaturthi. This is an important day in the Jain calendar of festivities. Digambara Jains observe Paryushana in the last 10 days of the bhado month, Anant Chaturdashi (also known as Anant Chaudas) is the last day of Paryushana. Kshamavani, the day the Jains ask for forgiveness for mistakes they have made intentionally or otherwise, is observed one day after Anant Chaturdashi. This is the day when

very much, but all their alms were spent on each other only. The donkey was cruelty and anger. Finally, the elephant was Kaundinya's pride. Anant Chaturdashi Anant Chaturdashi is a festival observed and celebrated by Jains and Hindus. Chaturdashi is the 14th day of the lunar fortnight. In the normal course, Anant Chaturdashi falls 10 days after Ganesh Chaturthi. This is an important day in the Jain calendar of festivities. Digambara Jains observe Paryushana in the last 10 days of the bhado month, Anant Chaturdashi (also known as Anant Chaudas) is the last day of Paryushana. Kshamavani, the day the

"Gandhi Jayanti"
Gandhi Jayanti Gandhi Jayanti is a national festival celebrated in India to mark the birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born 2 October 1869. It is celebrated annually on 2 October, and it is one of the three national holidays of India. The UN General Assembly announced on 15 June 2007 that it adopted a resolution which declared that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated yearly on 2nd October. It is one of the official declared national holidays of India, observed in all of its states and union territories. Gandhi Jayanti

"Guru Ravidass Jayanti"
Guru Ravidass Jayanti Guru Ravidass Jayanti is the birthday of Guru Ravidass, celebrated on Magh Purnima, the full moon day in the month of Magh month. It is the annual focal point for the Ravidassia religion. On the day the Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji is read, the nishaan is changed ceremonially, and there is a special aarti and a Nagar Kirtan procession bearing the guru's portrait are taken out to the accompaniment of music through the streets of the temple locality. Also devotees take holy dip in the river to perform rites. In the bhawans, his image is worshiped. Every

flowers and garlands, and some people avoid drinking alcohol or eating meat on the day. Public buildings, banks and post offices are closed. Gandhi Jayanti Gandhi Jayanti is a national festival celebrated in India to mark the birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born 2 October 1869. It is celebrated annually on 2 October, and it is one of the three national holidays of India. The UN General Assembly announced on 15 June 2007 that it adopted a resolution which declared that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated yearly on 2nd

"Mahavir Jayanti"
extremely high volume of practitioners come to pay their respects and join in the celebrations. Ahimsa runs and rallies preaching the Mahaveer's message of Ahiṃsā (non-violence of non-injury) are taken out on this day. Mahavir Jayanti Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak, is one of the most important religious festivals for Jains. It celebrates the birth of Mahaveer, the twenty-fourth and last ""Tirthankara"" of ""Avasarpiṇī"". As per the Gregorian calendar, the holiday occurs either in March or April. Most modern historians consider Kundagram (which is today's Kundalpur in Champaran district of Bihar) as Mahaveer's birthplace, . According to Jain texts, Mahaveer was born

"Datta Jayanti"
Datta Jayanti Datta Jayanti, also known as Dattatreya Jayanti, is a Hindu holy day, commemorating the birth day celebration of the Hindu god Dattatreya (Datta), a combined form of the Hindu male divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the Margashirsha (Agrahayana) month according to the Hindu Calendar (December/January) throughout the country, and in particular in Maharashtra. Dattatreya was the son of the sage Atri and his wife Anasuya. Anasuya, an archetypal chaste and virtuous wife, did severe ""Tapas"" (austerities) to beget a son equal in merits as Brahma, Vishnu and

"Manik Prabhu"
birth anniversary is celebrated in Manik nagar as an annual 7-day Mahotsava called Datta Jayanti mahotsava. It is a religious and cultural extravaganza in which hundreds of vedic Pundits, Musicians, Folk artists along with lakhs of devotees assemble in Maniknagar to pay their tributes to the Samadhi of Manik Prabhu. *Shri Prabhu Punyatithi: The Utsava starts with the Punyatithi of Shri Prabhu on Margasheersha Ekadashi or Gita Jayanti. Rajopachar Mahapooja and Aradhana of Shri Prabhu is performed on this day. Manik Prabhu Manik Prabhu was an early 19th-century Hindu saint, philosopher, poet and mystic. He is also regarded as an

year, a grand celebration at Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan Mandir, Seer Goverdhanpur, Varanasi takes place to mark the occasion along with lakhs of devotees who came from all over the world to celebrate the occasion. The 2018 date is January 31. Guru Ravidass Jayanti Guru Ravidass Jayanti is the birthday of Guru Ravidass, celebrated on Magh Purnima, the full moon day in the month of Magh month. It is the annual focal point for the Ravidassia religion. On the day the Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji is read, the nishaan is changed ceremonially, and there is a special aarti and

"Japan–United States relations"
new treaty provided for a ten-year term, after which it could be revoked upon one year's notice by either party. The treaty included general provisions on the further development of international cooperation and on improved future economic cooperation. Both countries worked closely to fulfill the United States promise, under Article 3 of the peace treaty, to return all Japanese territories acquired by the United States in war. In June 1968, the United States returned the Bonin Islands (including Iwo Jima) to Japanese administration control. In 1969, the Okinawa reversion issue and Japan's security ties with the United States became the

in 1965 when Japan reversed its imbalance in trade with the United States and, for the first time, achieved an export surplus. Heavy American military spending in the Korean War (1950–53) and the Vietnam War (1965–73) provided a major stimulus to the Japanese economy. The United States withdrawal from Vietnam in 1975 and the end of the Vietnam War meant that the question of Japan's role in the security of East Asia and its contributions to its own defense became central topics in the dialogue between the two countries. American dissatisfaction with Japanese defense efforts began to surface in 1975

focal points of partisan political campaigns. The situation calmed considerably when Prime Minister Sato Eisaku visited Washington in November 1969, and in a joint communiqué signed by him and President Richard Nixon, announced the United States agreement to return Okinawa to Japan in 1972. In June 1971, after eighteen months of negotiations, the two countries signed an agreement providing for the return of Okinawa to Japan in 1972. The Japanese government's firm and voluntary endorsement of the security treaty and the settlement of the Okinawa reversion question meant that two major political issues in Japan–United States relations were eliminated. But

relationship (which differ slightly because each nation includes transportation costs on the import side but not the export side) also show a rapid deterioration of the imbalance in the 1980s, from a Japanese surplus of US$10 billion in 1980 to one of US$60 billion in 1987, with an improvement to one of US$37.7 billion in 1990. Notable outpourings of United States congressional and media rhetoric critical of Japan accompanied the disclosure in 1987 that Toshiba had illegally sold sophisticated machinery of United States origin to the Soviet Union, which reportedly allowed Moscow to make submarines quiet enough to avoid United

was an informal ""Gentlemen's Agreement"" (1907-8) between the U.S. and Japan whereby Japan made sure there was very little or no movement to the U.S. The agreements were made by Secretary of State Elihu Root and Japan's Foreign Minister Tadasu Hayashi. The Agreement banned emigration of Japanese laborers to the U.S. or Hawaii and rescinded the segregation order of the San Francisco School Board in California, which had humiliated and angered the Japanese. The agreements remained effect until 1924 when Congress forbade all immigration from Japan. Charles Neu concludes that Roosevelt's policies were a success: In 1912, the people of

that the island nation had been occupied by a foreign power. The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, marked the end of the Allied occupation, and when it went into effect on April 28, 1952, Japan was once again an independent state, and an ally of the United States. In the years after World War II, Japan's relations with the United States were placed on an equal footing for the first time at the end of the occupation by the Allied forces in April 1952. This equality, the legal basis of which was laid down in the

opposed Tokyo's expansionist policies in China and Indochina and in 1940–41 decided to stop supplying the oil Japan was using for military expansion against American allies. On July 26, 1940 the U.S. government passed the Export Control Act, cutting oil, iron and steel exports to Japan. This containment policy was seen by Washington as a warning to Japan that any further military expansion would result in further sanctions. However, Tokyo saw it as a blockade to counter Japanese military and economic strength. Accordingly, by the time the United States enforced the Export Act, Japan had stockpiled around 54 million barrels

new issues arose. In July 1971, the Japanese government was surprised by Nixon's dramatic announcement of his forthcoming visit to the People's Republic of China. Many Japanese were chagrined by the failure of the United States to consult in advance with Japan before making such a fundamental change in foreign policy. The following month, the government was again surprised to learn that, without prior consultation, the United States had imposed a 10 percent surcharge on imports, a decision certain to hinder Japan's exports to the United States. Relations between Tokyo and Washington were further strained by the monetary crisis involving

the December 1971 revaluation of the Japanese yen. These events of 1971 marked the beginning of a new stage in relations, a period of adjustment to a changing world situation that was not without episodes of strain in both political and economic spheres, although the basic relationship remained close. The political issues between the two countries were essentially security-related and derived from efforts by the United States to induce Japan to contribute more to its own defense and to regional security. The economic issues tended to stem from the ever-widening United States trade and payments deficits with Japan, which began

into the Asian theater of war following the surrender of Germany. The official Instrument of Surrender was signed on September 2, and the United States subsequently occupied Japan in its entirety. Historian Akira Iriye argues that World War II and the Occupation decisively shaped bilateral relations after 1945. He presents the oil crisis of 1941 as the confrontation of two diametrically opposed concepts of Asian Pacific order. Japan was militaristic, and sought to create and control a self-sufficient economic region in Southeast Asia. Franklin D Roosevelt and his successors were internationalists seeking an open international economic order. The war reflected

what territory is spain and the united kingdom in a dispute over

"Spain–United Kingdom relations"
be conducted. In 2004, Spain and the United Kingdom established the Tripartite Forum for Dialogue on Gibraltar, with equal representation of both countries and the British Overseas Territory. Waters around Gibraltar, declared by the United Kingdom as territorial waters according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (to a three-mile limit), and claimed by Spain, are other source of clash, with the Government of Gibraltar actively backing the British position naming the disputed waters as ""British Gibraltar territorial waters"". In December 2008, the European Commission approved a Spanish request designating most of the waters around Gibraltar

the Savage Islands (a small archipelago north of the Canary Islands), under Portuguese sovereignty. Spain objects on the basis that the Savage Islands do not have a separate continental shelf, according to the article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the same law that Spain refuses to acknowledge when it comes to Gibraltar. The status of the Savage Islands as islands or rocks is thus at the core of the current dispute, mainly due to Spanish aspirations for fishing and mineral exploration. Today the Savage Islands constitute a natural reserve whose inhabitants are a

meet to talk about it. For us, it is a stone in the shoe all day long"". The United Kingdom and Spain have had several recent disputes over fishing rights, particularly with regards to the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy. When Spain became a member state in 1986, it had the world's sixth largest fishing fleet, and much of the economies of Galicia, Asturias, and Cantabria depended upon catches by Spanish boats outside Spain's national Exclusive Economic Zone, just as they do today. To prevent the fleets of other EU members (particularly Spain) taking up the UK's Common Fisheries Policy

during the War of Spanish Succession, conflicts between Great Britain and Spain were largely focused in the Caribbean, and in North America. The British had been relatively late to settle on the continent, but had built up a number of successful colonies with rapidly expanding populations. They began to challenge the Spanish monopoly on trade in South America, which the Spanish tried to prevent by passing laws against non-Spanish traders. These longstanding policies had proved a source of conflict in the mid 17th century, and again became a source of conflict after the Treaty of Utrecht included an Asiento which

"Treviño enclave dispute"
Treviño enclave dispute The administrative conflict over the Treviño enclave is a territorial dispute in northern Spain between the administration of the Province of Burgos and Castile and León on the one side, and those of Álava and the Basque Country on the other, over the administration of the territory. The conflict does not only involve territorial questions, but also extends to political and language issues, as well as questions about provision of services and transport connections. Geographically, the enclave is situated inside the Province of Álava, which completely surrounds it. However, administratively, it belongs to the Province of Burgos.

1789 at Nootka Sound, an unsettled area at the time that is now part of British Columbia, Canada. Spain seized small British commercial ships engaged in the fur trade in an area on the Pacific on an area on the Pacific Coast. Spain claimed ownership based on a papal decree of 1493 that Spain said gave it control of the entire Pacific Ocean. Britain rejected the Spanish claims and used its greatly superior naval power to threaten a war and win the dispute. Spain, a rapidly fading military power, was unable to depend upon its longtime ally France, which was

at the height of its power, and the United Kingdom sought to end the Atlantic slave trade, the process by which the slave population in the Americas and specially in the United States were replenished and enlarged, which the United Kingdom had outlawed in 1807. At the 1817 London Conference, the British pressured the major European colonial powers, including Spain, to agree to abolish the slave trade. Under the agreement, Spain agreed to end the slave trade north of the Equator immediately, and south of the Equator by 1820. British naval vessels were given the right to search suspected slavers.

"Pact of Cartagena"
Pact of Cartagena The Pact of Cartagena was an exchange of notes that took place at Cartagena on 16 May 1907 between the French Republic, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Spain. The parties declared their intention to preserve the ""status quo"" in the western Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, especially their insular and coastal possessions. The pact aligned Spain with the Anglo-French ""entente cordiale"" against Germany's ambitions in Morocco, where both Spain and France had mutually recognised (and British-recognised) spheres of influence. During the First World War, the Pact was cited by those Spanish politicians who favoured closer

"Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute"
Falkland Islands since 1833, and renewed it as recently as December 2012. It considers the archipelago part of the Tierra del Fuego Province, along with South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Supporters of the Argentine position make the following claims: In 1789, both the United Kingdom and Spain attempted settlement in the Nootka Sound, on Vancouver Island. On 25 October 1790, these two Kingdoms approved the Nootka Sound Convention. The Conventions included provisions recognising that the coasts and islands of South America colonised by Spain at the time were Spanish, and that areas south of the southernmost settlements were

on language, migration, evangelical Protestantism, liberal traditions, and extensive trade. This constituency rejected war, forcing London to appease the Americans. During the Trent affair of late 1861, London drew the line and Washington retreated. In 1844-48 the two nations had overlapping claims to Oregon. The area was largely unsettled, making it easy to end the crisis in 1848 by a compromise that split the region evenly, with British Columbia to Great Britain, and Washington, Idaho, and Oregon to America. The US then turned its attention to Mexico, which threatened war over the annexation of Texas. Britain tried without success to

"You'll Never Walk Alone"
1963 by the Liverpudlian Merseybeat group Gerry and the Pacemakers, peaking at number one on the UK singles chart for four consecutive weeks. Sung by Liverpool fans in 1963, the song quickly became the anthem of Liverpool F.C. and is sung by its supporters moments before the start of each home game with the Gerry and the Pacemakers version played over the public address system. According to former player Tommy Smith, lead vocalist Gerry Marsden presented Liverpool manager Bill Shankly with a recording of his forthcoming cover single during a pre-season coach trip in the summer of 1963. ""Shanks was

Earth for one day in order to redeem himself, watches the ceremony and is able to silently motivate the unhappy Louise to join in the song. The song is also sung at association football clubs around the world, where it is performed by a massed chorus of supporters on matchday; this tradition began at Liverpool F.C. after the chart success of the 1963 single of the song by the local Liverpool group Gerry and the Pacemakers. Christine Johnson, who created the role of Nettie Fowler, introduced the song in the original Broadway production. Later in the show Jan Clayton, as

She replied, ""A football song"". Renée Fleming sang the song at the Concert for America, which marked the first anniversary of 9/11 (11/9), and for the Inauguration of Barack Obama on January 20, 2009. In 2010, this was sung during the festivities of the Last Night of the Proms, with the choir at the Royal Albert Hall joined by crowds of the public from Hillsborough Castle, Northern Ireland; Caird Hall, Dundee; Hyde Park, London; Salford, Greater Manchester; and Wales, to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Oscar Hammerstein II. In the second season of American Horror Story, this

by the Welsh Men's Choir on the 9 June 1968 telecast of ""The Ed Sullivan Show"". He also covered this song in his 1964 RCA Victor album ""The Exciting Voice of Sergio Franchi."" American singer and songwriter Barbra Streisand sang this song in a surprise appearance at the close of the 2001 Emmy Awards, in honor of the victims of the 11 September 2001 attacks. In 1990 at the concert at Wembley Stadium London, the audience spontaneously broke out into a mass rendition. Mandela turned to Adelaide Tambo who accompanied him onto the stage and asked what the song was.

Newton-John and Doris Day. Progressive rock group Pink Floyd took a recording by the Liverpool Kop choir, and ""interpolated"" it into their own song, ""Fearless"", on their 1971 album ""Meddle"". From 1964 through 2010, Jerry Lewis concluded the annual Jerry Lewis Labor Day MDA Telethon by singing the song. After the end of a concert by the rock band Queen, the audience spontaneously sang this song, according to lead guitarist Brian May, and this helped to inspire the creation of their songs ""We Are the Champions"" and ""We Will Rock You"". Italian-American tenor Sergio Franchi sang a notable version accompanied

"You'll Never Walk Alone (Elvis Presley album)"
reached a high position. It was certified Gold on March 27, 1992, Platinum on July 15, 1999, and 3x Platinum on January 6, 2004 by the Recording Industry Association of America. The single ""You'll Never Walk Alone"", an adaptation of the Oscar Hammerstein II and Richard Rodgers standard, was a minor hit for him in the late 1960s. Two previously unissued recordings are included: ""Let Us Pray"" from the soundtrack of Presley's 1969 film, ""Change of Habit"" and ""Who Am I?"", a leftover from the early-1969 recording sessions that produced his album ""From Elvis in Memphis"". The album is a

companion to RCA-Camden's reissued version of ""Elvis' Christmas Album"", as it contains the four gospel recordings from the original 1958 release of that album, which were omitted from RCA-Camden's 1970 reissue. The original 4 gospel songs were issued in 1957 as an RCA Victor EP titled ""Peace in the Valley"". Although there would be further RCA-Camden Presley collections, this was the final release that featured previously unreleased tracks. RCA would later release several unissued recordings in its """" series beginning in 1974. The track listing below shows the songs as they appeared on the re-release of this album in 2006.

You'll Never Walk Alone ""You'll Never Walk Alone"" is a show tune from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical ""Carousel"". In the second act of the musical, Nettie Fowler, the cousin of the protagonist Julie Jordan, sings ""You'll Never Walk Alone"" to comfort and encourage Julie when her husband, Billy Bigelow, the male lead, falls on his knife and dies after a failed robbery attempt. It is reprised in the final scene to encourage a graduation class of which Louise (Billy and Julie's daughter) is a member. The now invisible Billy, who has been granted the chance to return to

Julie Jordan, reprised it, with the chorus joining in. In the film, it is first sung by Claramae Turner as Nettie. The weeping Julie Jordan (Shirley Jones) tries to sing it but cannot; it is later reprised by Julie and those attending the graduation. Besides the recordings of the song on the ""Carousel"" cast albums and the film soundtrack, the song has been recorded by many artists, with notable hit versions made by Roy Hamilton, Frank Sinatra, Roy Orbison, Billy Eckstine, Gerry and the Pacemakers, Judy Garland, Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Andy Williams, Johnny Maestro and The Brooklyn Bridge, Olivia

out of the top ten, instead of disregarding the song, supporters continued to sing it. In his commentary on the memorial service following the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, Peter Jones recited the lyrics, which were then sung by a cathedral choir. Aretha Franklin's recording of the song was played by John Peel in his first show following the disaster, when he became too upset to carry on broadcasting for a period. The song was adopted by Scottish team Celtic after a 1966 Cup Winners Cup semi-final against Liverpool at Anfield. It is now sung by Celtic fans prior to every

"Atlantic Ocean"
Iapetus Ocean, and spread from the Central Atlantic in six stages: Iberia–Newfoundland, Porcupine–North America, Eurasia–Greenland, Eurasia–North America. Active and inactive spreading systems in this area are marked by the interaction with the Iceland hotspot. West Gondwana (South America and Africa) broke up in the Early Cretaceous to form the South Atlantic. The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents was noted on the first maps that included the South Atlantic and it was also the subject of the first computer-assisted plate tectonic reconstructions in 1965. This magnificent fit, however, has since then proven problematic and later reconstructions have

and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition, the German Meteor expedition, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office. The oldest known mentions of an ""Atlantic"" sea come from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC (Sch. A. R. 1. 211): ""Atlantikoi pelágei"" (Greek: Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει; English: 'the Atlantic sea'; etym. 'Sea of Atlantis') and in ""The Histories"" of Herodotus

O
Alphabet, represents the close-mid back rounded vowel. O O (named ""o"" , plural ""oes"") is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its graphic form has remained fairly constant from Phoenician times until today. The name of the Phoenician letter was ""ʿeyn"", meaning ""eye"", and indeed its shape originates simply as a drawing of a human eye (possibly inspired by the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph, cf. Proto-Sinaitic script). Its original sound value was that of a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the cognate Arabic letter ع ""ʿayn"". The

"Phoenician alphabet"
where it evolved and was assimilated by many other cultures. The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet is a local variant of the Phoenician alphabetical script. Another derivative script is the Aramaic alphabet, which was the ancestor of the modern Arabic script. The Modern Hebrew script is a stylistic variant of the Aramaic script. The Greek alphabet (and by extension its descendants, such as Latin, Cyrillic, Runic, and Coptic) was also derived from Phoenician. As the letters were originally incised with a stylus, most of the shapes are angular and straight, although more cursive versions are increasingly attested in later times, culminating in the

Phoenician alphabet The Phoenician alphabet, called by convention the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for inscriptions older than around 1050 BC, is the oldest verified alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad consisting of 22 letters, all consonants, with"" matres lectionis"" used for some vowels in certain late varieties. It was used for the writing of Phoenician, a Northern Semitic language, used by the civilization of Phoenicia. Phoenicia is located in modern-day Syria, Lebanon, and northern Israel. The Phoenician alphabet is derived from Egyptian hieroglyphs. It became one of the most widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world,

Sea
ranges from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles) was determined by measuring the angle between the Sun, Moon or a specific star and the horizon by the use of an astrolabe, Jacob's staff or sextant. The longitude (a line on the globe joining the two poles) could only be calculated with an accurate chronometer to show the exact time difference between the ship and a fixed point such as the Greenwich Meridian. In 1759, John Harrison, a clockmaker, designed such an instrument and James Cook used it in his voyages of exploration. Nowadays, the Global Positioning System

has a volume of . The North Atlantic covers (11.5%) and the South Atlantic (11.1%). The average depth is and the maximum depth, the Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench, is . The bathymetry of the Atlantic is dominated by a submarine mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). It runs from 87°N or south of the North Pole to the subantarctic Bouvet Island at 42°S. The MAR divides the Atlantic longitudinally into two halves, in each of which a series of basins are delimited by secondary, transverse ridges. The MAR reaches above along most of its length, but

as the mid-19th century. During the Age of Discovery, the Atlantic was also known to English cartographers as the Great Western Ocean. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defined the limits of the oceans and seas in 1953, but some of these definitions have been revised since then and some are not used by various authorities, institutions, and countries, see for example the CIA World Factbook. Correspondingly, the extent and number of oceans and seas varies. The Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the west by North and South America. It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea,

is interrupted by larger transform faults at two places: the Romanche Trench near the Equator and the Gibbs Fracture Zone at 53°N. The MAR is a barrier for bottom water, but at these two transform faults deep water currents can pass from one side to the other. The MAR rises above the surrounding ocean floor and its rift valley is the divergent boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates in the North Atlantic and the South American and African plates in the South Atlantic. The MAR produces basaltic volcanoes in Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, and pillow lava on the ocean floor.

around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): ""Atlantis thalassa"" (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: 'Sea of Atlantis' or 'the Atlantis sea') where the name refers to ""the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles"" which is said to be part of the sea that surrounds all land. Thus, on one hand, the name refers to Atlas, the Titan in Greek mythology, who supported the heavens and who later appeared as a frontispiece in Medieval maps and also lent his name to modern atlases. On the other hand, to early Greek sailors and in Ancient Greek mythological literature such as the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"",

coordinates given by ""Titanic""s radio operators on the night of her sinking, and approximately from Halifax and from New York. Both sections struck the sea bed at considerable speed, causing the bow to crumple and the stern to collapse entirely. The bow is by far the more intact section and still contains some surprisingly intact interiors. In contrast, the stern is completely wrecked; its decks have pancaked down on top of each other and much of the hull plating was torn off and lies scattered across the sea floor. The much greater level of damage to the stern is probably

a trail of heavy machinery, tons of coal and large quantities of debris from ""Titanic""s interior. The two parts of the ship landed about apart on a gently undulating area of the seabed. The streamlined bow section continued to descend at about the angle it had taken on the surface, striking the seabed prow-first at a shallow angle at an estimated speed of . Its momentum caused it to dig a deep gouge into the seabed and buried the section up to deep in sediment before it came to an abrupt halt. The sudden deceleration caused the bow's structure to

Queenstown (now Cobh) in Ireland before heading west to New York. On 14 April, four days into the crossing and about south of Newfoundland, she hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. ship's time. The collision caused the hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard (right) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea; she could only survive four flooding. Meanwhile, passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially loaded. A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a ""women and children first"" protocol for loading

"British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic"
had taken place in the month after the sinking, led to changes in safety practices following the disaster. The sinking of the , a trans-Atlantic passenger liner operated by White Star Line, occurred in the early hours of 15 April 1912 while the ship was on its maiden voyage from Southampton, UK, to New York, United States. The sinking was caused by a collision with an iceberg in the North Atlantic some 700 nautical miles east of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Over 1500 passengers and crew died, with some 710 survivors in ""Titanic""s lifeboats rescued by a few hours later. There

"Wreck of the RMS Titanic"
Wreck of the RMS Titanic The wreck of the RMS ""Titanic"" lies at a depth of about , about south-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland. It lies in two main pieces about a third of a mile (600 m) apart. The bow is still recognizable with many preserved interiors, despite deterioration and damage sustained hitting the sea floor. In contrast, the stern is completely ruined. A debris field around the wreck contains hundreds of thousands of items spilled from the ship as she sank. The bodies of the passengers and crew would have also been distributed across the sea bed,

coal bunkers approximately 10 days prior to the ship's departure, and continued to burn for several days into the voyage, but it was over on 14 April. The weather improved significantly during the course of the day, from brisk winds and moderate seas in the morning to a crystal-clear calm by evening, as the ship's path took it beneath an arctic high pressure system. The waning crescent moon had set a few seconds after 15:00 on 14 April and would not rise again until 04:37 (ship's time) on 15 April, shortly after the arrival of the ""Carpathia"". On 14 April

head-on collision, but the change in direction caused the ship to strike the iceberg with a glancing blow. An underwater spur of ice scraped along the starboard side of the ship for about seven seconds; chunks of ice dislodged from upper parts of the berg fell onto her forward decks. About five minutes after the collision, all of ""Titanic""s engines were stopped, leaving the bow of the ship facing north and slowly drifting south in the Labrador Current. The impact with the iceberg was long thought to have produced a huge opening in ""Titanic""s hull, ""not less than in length,

cold shock and incapacitation. arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and rescued the last of the survivors by 09:15 on 15 April, some nine and a half hours after the collision. The disaster shocked the world and caused widespread outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax regulations, and the unequal treatment of the three passenger classes during the evacuation. Subsequent inquiries recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations, leading to the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which still governs maritime safety today. At the

out, the ship split apart. The submerged bow may have remained attached to the stern by the keel for a short time, pulling the stern to a high angle before separating and leaving the stern to float for a few minutes longer. The forward part of the stern would have flooded very rapidly, causing it to tilt and then settle briefly until sinking. The ship disappeared from view at 02:20, 2 hours and 40 minutes after striking the iceberg. Thayer reported that it rotated on the surface, ""gradually [turning] her deck away from us, as though to hide from our

"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys"
falling to his fate. Santa, Mrs. Claus, Bumble, Yukon, and the gang arrive just in time to see Rudolph and Clarice in the mines safe and sound. However the Toy Taker tries to escape again, but Yukon manages to lasso him up with Hermey's floss. Upon removing the coat and hat, it is revealed he is none other than a teddy bear named Mr. Cuddles, with loose stuffing coming out from him. He apologizes and tells them he used to belong to a boy named Steven, who outgrew him and threw him away. After this, he became the Toy Taker

"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"
high mountain just north of the town of Whoville, home of the merry and warm-hearted Whos. His only companion is his unloved, but loyal dog, Max. From his cave, the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville. Continuously annoyed, he devises a wicked scheme to steal their presents, trees, and food for their Christmas feast. He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus, and forces Max, disguised as a reindeer, to drag a sleigh down the mountain towards Whoville. Once at Whoville, the Grinch slides down the chimney of one house and steals all of the

"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Moonracer, the winged lion that lords over the Island, refuses to let them stay there permanently, instead telling the trio to return home and tell Santa Claus of the toys' plight, in exchange for one night's stay on the island. Rudolph refuses the offer and, fearing for his friends' life, runs off alone. A now older Rudolph, still unable to find a place in the world, returns home to the North Pole, only to find that his family and Clarice had left to look for him and are now about to be eaten by the Bumble. With the help of

"A Pinky and the Brain Christmas"
unwittingly flies them to the North Pole. Pinky and the Brain disguise themselves as elves and are assigned to the mail room by the surly head elf, Schotzie. The Brain subversively adds a Noodle Noggin to each Christmas list, causing the elves to scramble through their archives looking for the schematics. Eventually, Schotzie realizes Pinky and the Brain are not real elves, and the mice are captured by the workshop staff. The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth

"Olive, the Other Reindeer"
Martini. After the sleigh lands at the first house and Olive realizes what has happened, Olive uses the Postman's scent to track him and scares the Postman out of his wits as he sees Olive in the side window. After a struggle with the Postman, Olive gets pushed out, but Martini uses a jack-in-the-box to scare the Postman, who hits the window and is knocked unconscious. They retrieve the presents and rescue Martini, and then deliver the presents to the world. Lost in a fog, Olive guides them back to the North Pole by smelling the gingerbread cookies Ms. Claus

"Thurl Ravenscroft"
Thurl Ravenscroft Thurl Arthur Ravenscroft (; February 6, 1914May 22, 2005) was an American voice actor and bass singer known as the booming voice behind Kellogg's Frosted Flakes animated spokesman Tony the Tiger for more than five decades. He was also the uncredited vocalist for the song ""You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch"" from the classic Christmas television special, Dr. Seuss' ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" Ravenscroft did some voice-over work and singing for Disney in both the films and the attractions at Disneyland (which were later featured at Walt Disney World). The best known of these attractions are Haunted

Toy taker is nothing but a low life crook. Rudolph has a plan to foil the Toy Taker's plan by disguising themselves as toys. The blimp arrives and manages to steal them along with the Misfit Toys, all except for Bumble, who is too big to fit into the blimp so he follows on a floating ice berg. Rudolph tries to talk to a new misfit toy, a kite who is scared of heights, and wakes him up from his hypnosis, but fails. The Toy Taker hears all the chatter, and realizing there are intruders, catches Rudolph, Clarice, Yukon, and

showed a total lack of interest in the toymaking and singing aspects of being an elf and instead wanted to pursue dentistry. They come to the conclusion that they're both misfits and decide to run away together. On their aimless journey, they run into Yukon Cornelius, the self-described ""greatest prospector of the North"" who nevertheless seems to never find any silver or gold, and attempt to stay away from the Bumble, a huge abominable snow monster. Their journey leads them to the Island of Misfit Toys, where sentient but unorthodox toys go when they are abandoned by their owners. King

"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)"
off, causing the other reindeer to mock him and the coach to expel him. He then meets Hermey, an elf who ran away from Santa's workshop because he wanted to be a dentist instead of making toys, so they run away together. They then meet a prospector named Yukon Cornelius, who has searched his whole life long to find silver and gold, but never does. After escaping the Abominable Snow Monster of the North, they crash land on the Island of Misfit Toys where unloved or unwanted toys live with their ruler, a winged lion named King Moonracer who brings

"India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games"
Manika Batra, Mouma Das, Sutirtha Mukherjee, Madhurika Patkar and Pooja Sahasrabudhe. India participated with 12 athletes (6 men and 6 women). India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games India competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games at Gold Coast, Australia from 4 to 15 April 2018. It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. With 26 Gold medals and a total of 66 medals, India finished 3rd for the tournament. It was India's best position since the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which they hosted. The following is a list of the number of competitors representing India that participated at the Games per

India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games India competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games at Gold Coast, Australia from 4 to 15 April 2018. It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. With 26 Gold medals and a total of 66 medals, India finished 3rd for the tournament. It was India's best position since the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which they hosted. The following is a list of the number of competitors representing India that participated at the Games per India/discipline: India was the best nation in 5 disciplines, weightlifting, shooting, wrestling, badminton and table tennis, and the second best nation

18 women) based on the FIH World Rankings as of October 31, 2017 Hockey India announced the team of 18 members will be led by Manpreet Singh. Squad: Goalkeepers: Sreejesh Parattu Raveendran, Suraj Karkera Defenders: Rupinder Pal Singh, Harmanpreet Singh, Varun Kumar, Kothajit Singh, Gurinder Singh, Amit Rohidas Midfielders: Manpreet Singh (C), Chinglensana Singh Kangujam (VC), Sumit, Vivek Sagar Prasad Forwards: Akashdeep Singh, S.V. Sunil, Gurjant Singh, Mandeep Singh, Lalit Upadhyay, Dilpreet Singh Hockey India has announced the team will be led by Rani Rampal. Squad: Goalkeepers: Savita (VC), Rajani Etimarpu Defenders: Deepika, Sunita Lakra, Deep Grace Ekka, Gurjit Kaur,

Sushila Chanu Pukhrambam Midfielders: Monika, Namita Toppo, Nikki Pradhan, Neha Goyal, Lilima Minz Forwards: Rani (C), Vandana Kataria, Lalremsiami, Navjot Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Poonam Rani India will be represented by 10 athletes, 5 men and 5 women. India participated with 4 athletes (3 men and 1 woman). Team of 6 athletes will represent India at the squash competition in the 2018 Commonwealth Games. India will be represented by 10 athletes, 5 men and 5 women. Achanta Sharath Kamal, Sathiyan Gnanasekaran, Sanil Shetty, Harmeet Desai and Anthony Amalraj make up the men's Table Tennis squad. The women's squad is constituted of

"2018 Commonwealth Games medal table"
listed alphabetically by their three-letter country code. Australia tops the medal table rank with 80 gold, second England with 45 gold and third India with 26 gold. Host nation (Australia) </onlyinclude> Khumukcham Sanjita Chanu, the Weightlifting Women's 53 kg gold medallist for India subsequently failed an anti-doping test, but later her B sample found negative and she was handed over her medal back. 2018 Commonwealth Games medal table The 2018 Commonwealth Games (officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games), were a multi-sport event held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. 275 medal events were held

the United Kingdom, BBC provided Commonwealth Games coverage of more than 200 hours across BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Red Button, BBC Sport website, BBC iPlayer and BBC radio. ESPN provided the games coverage for viewers in the USA. Sony Pictures Networks India broadcast the games for the viewers in India on three channels - Sony Six, Sony Ten 2 in English and Sony Ten 3 in Hindi. Flow Sports provided games coverage in the Caribbean countries such as Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe,

in boxing. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Competed in heats only. India will be represented by 10 athletes, 5 men and 5 women. India has qualified a men's and women's basketball teams for a total of 24 athletes (12 men and 12 women). Both teams were invited by FIBA and the CGF. India will be represented by 12 athletes, 8 men and 4 women. India participated with 9 athletes (4 men and 5 women). India will be represented by 7 athletes, 3 men and 4 women. India has qualified a men's and a women's team for a total of 36 athletes (18 men and

"India at the 2018 Asian Games"
India at the 2018 Asian Games India competed at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia, from 18th August to 2nd September. Neeraj Chopra was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony while Rani Rampal was named as the flag bearer for the closing ceremony. India bettered its previous best medal haul achieved 8 years earlier at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China. The following is a list of the number of competitors representing India in each sport at the Games: The Swimming Federation of India (SFI) announced the Diving team for the Games as follows: The

of events for men and women. This marks the first time in history that a major multi-sport event has equality in terms of events. In total 275 events in 18 sports are being contested. ""Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport."" Only the top ten successful nations are displayed here. NEP Australia was the host broadcaster of the event. It produced high definition coverage of the event and delivered to the rights-holding broadcasters of other nations. In Australia, the games were broadcast live on three Seven Network channels - 7HD, 7TWO and 7Mate. In

Union (American Civil War) During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states (or 13, according to the Southern view and one western territory) that formed the Confederate States of America, also known as ""the Confederacy"" or ""the South"". All of the Union's

War was among the earliest industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships and iron-clad ships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in World War I, World War II and subsequent conflicts. It remains the deadliest war in American history. From 1861 to 1865, it is estimated that 620,000 to 750,000 soldiers died, along with an undetermined number of civilians. By one estimate, the war claimed the lives of 10 percent of all Northern men 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern

of the war itself are subjects of lingering contention today. The North and West grew rich while the once-rich South became poor for a century. The national political power of the slaveowners and rich southerners ended. Historians are less sure about the results of the postwar Reconstruction, especially regarding the second class citizenship of the Freedmen and their poverty. Historians have debated whether the Confederacy could have won the war. Most scholars, including James McPherson, argue that Confederate victory was at least possible. McPherson argues that the North's advantage in population and resources made Northern victory likely but not guaranteed.

States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery. Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the country and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy grew to include eleven states, all of them slaveholding. The Confederate States was never diplomatically recognized by the government of the United States or by that of any foreign country. The states that remained loyal to the U.S. were known as the Union. The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over the

Southern leaders felt that disunion was their only option, fearing that the loss of representation would hamper their ability to promote pro-slavery acts and policies. Slavery was a major cause of disunion. Although there were opposing views even in the Union States, most northern soldiers were mostly indifferent on the subject of slavery, while Confederates fought the war mainly to protect a southern society of which slavery was an integral part. From the anti-slavery perspective, the issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with republicanism. The strategy of the anti-slavery forces

attack the fort before a relief expedition could arrive. He bombarded Fort Sumter on April 12–13, forcing its capitulation. The attack on Fort Sumter rallied the North to the defense of American nationalism. Historian Allan Nevins said: Union leaders incorrectly assumed that only a minority of Southerners were in favor of secession and that there were large numbers of southern Unionists that could be counted on. Had Northerners realized that most Southerners favored secession, they might have hesitated at attempting the enormous task of conquering a united South. Lincoln called on all the states to send forces to recapture the

were guaranteed to freed black slaves through amendments to the Constitution and federal legislation. In the 1860 presidential election, Republicans, led by Abraham Lincoln, supported banning slavery in all the U.S. territories. The Southern states viewed this as a violation of their constitutional rights and as the first step in a grander Republican plan to eventually abolish slavery. The three pro-Union candidates together received an overwhelming 82% majority of the votes cast nationally: Republican Lincoln's votes centered in the north, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas' votes were distributed nationally and Constitutional Unionist John Bell's votes centered in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia.

"Star Wars Rebels"
""Star Wars"" Celebration, it was announced the fourth season would be its last: it premiered on October 16, 2017, with another one-hour television film, ""Heroes of Mandalore"", and its final episode aired on March 5, 2018. Dave Filoni, Simon Kinberg and Greg Weisman served as executive producers of season one. Weisman left the show after season one. Filoni was also the Supervising Director for the first two seasons, a role he relinquished after accepting a promotion that expanded his creative role into overseeing all Lucasfilm Animation projects; he chose Justin Ridge to succeed him for season three. The series has

on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channel prior to the premiere of the series on October 13 on Disney XD. The first season consisted of 14 episodes (released as four shorts, a film, ""Spark of Rebellion"", and 13 regular episodes) and the series features new characters along with ones from the original trilogy. The second season of 20 episodes premiered on June 20, 2015, with a one-hour television film, ""The Siege of Lothal"". The third season of 19 episodes premiered on September 24, 2016, with another one-hour television film, ""Star Wars Rebels: Steps Into Shadow"". On April 15, 2017, during

in early 2018. The first issue was released on February 14, 2018, with new issues being released over the following five months. A few days after the series finale was aired, IDW Publishing released the seventh issue of the long-running ""Star Wars Adventures"" multi-era comic book series, which contained the first of a two-part comic arc, set between the second and third season, in which the Spectres embark on a mission to save a rare endangered bird from Imperial custody. The second part appeared in the next issue, which was released on March 28, 2018. A side-scrolling run-and-gun game based

two episodes, titled ""Spark of Rebellion"", premiered on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channels worldwide and on Family Channel in Canada. In Australia, the series premiered on October 17 on Disney XD. ""The Siege of Lothal"" premiered on June 28, 2015, and the second season debuted on October 18. In Canada, the series premiered on October 19 on the DHX-owned Disney XD. However, due to DHX Media losing the rights to Disney content, the show was later moved to Disney Channel. The second season premiered on November 7 and it was moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD channel on December

of ""Spark of Rebellion"" with the Darth Vader/Grand Inquisitor prologue shown on ABC-TV. The Complete Season Two of ""Star Wars Rebels"" was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2016, in North America. The Complete Season Three of ""Star Wars Rebels"" was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on August 29, 2017. The Complete Season Four is announced to be released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 15, 2018, in Germany, and July 31, 2018, in the United States. In the United States, the one-hour special garnered 2.74 million viewers on Disney Channel and

"Star Wars Resistance"
Marnell of ""Nerdist"" compared the initial reaction to the early stigma ""The Clone Wars"" and ""Rebels"" suffered for similarly targeting younger demographics during release, only for both to become more positively received with subsequent seasons. The series debuted in the United States on Disney Channel on October 7, 2018, with Disney XD airing the series later in the United States and worldwide, with the exception of all live-action shows are sold by Disney Channel in Southeast Asia. ""Resistance"" holds a 92% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews, with an average rating of 6.72/10. The site's consensus states """"Star

"Rebel (TV series)"
Rebel (TV series) Rebel is an American police drama television series created by Amani Walker. The series premiered on BET on March 28, 2017. The series follows Oakland police officer Rebecca ""Rebel"" Knight, who after her brother was killed by police, began working as private investigator. ""Rebel"" was picked up to series with eight episode order and a two-hour pilot on April 20, 2016, by BET. John Singleton is executive producer, writer and director. On June 9, 2016, stage actress Danielle Moné Truitt was cast as lead character, while Giancarlo Esposito, Mykelti Williamson, Method Man, and Brandon Quinn also were

"Rebel Rebel (Homeland)"
Rebel Rebel (Homeland) ""Rebel Rebel"" is the second episode of the seventh season of the American television drama series ""Homeland"", and the 74th episode overall. It premiered on Showtime on February 18, 2018. Carrie (Claire Danes) sees an unknown woman (Sandrine Holt) enter Wellington's house while watching her surveillance camera feeds. Desperate to identify her, she posts a screen capture of the woman on the 4chan political board, asking if anyone can identify her. A hacker responds to the post, and lures Carrie into downloading a file which infects her laptop with ransomware. Her files are encrypted with a demand

cast as series regulars. Rebel (TV series) Rebel is an American police drama television series created by Amani Walker. The series premiered on BET on March 28, 2017. The series follows Oakland police officer Rebecca ""Rebel"" Knight, who after her brother was killed by police, began working as private investigator. ""Rebel"" was picked up to series with eight episode order and a two-hour pilot on April 20, 2016, by BET. John Singleton is executive producer, writer and director. On June 9, 2016, stage actress Danielle Moné Truitt was cast as lead character, while Giancarlo Esposito, Mykelti Williamson, Method Man, and

1. In the Middle East and Africa, ""Spark of Rebellion"" premiered on October 11 and the series debuted on October 18 on Disney XD. ""Siege of Lothal"" premiered on October 10, followed the official season premiere on October 17. In Southeast Asia, ""Spark of Rebellion"" premiered on Disney XD on October 4 and the series officially started on November 29. ""Siege of Lothal"" premiered on October 3 on Disney XD and Disney Channel and the second season was released on October 24. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series debuted on October 16 on Disney XD. ""Siege of Lothal""

"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen"
who destroys one of the pyramids to reveal the Sun Harvester inside, before he is killed by a destroyer's railgun called in by Simmons. Ravage and the Decepticon Rampage attempt to spring a trap with Sam's captured parents as bait, in order to force Sam to give them the Matrix, but Bumblebee interferes and kills them both. Major William Lennox and Master Sergeant Robert Epps call in an airstrike, which kills the majority of the Decepticon ground forces. However, Megatron manages to shoot Sam, seemingly killing him, before retreating upon getting attacked. Nearing his death, the Primes contact Sam through

two Decepticons, Demolisher and Sideways. Sideways is killed by the Autobot Sideswipe, while Optimus Prime kills Demolisher, but not before he warns them of the Fallen's return. At NEST's secure headquarters in Diego Garcia, National Security Adviser Theodore Galloway concludes the Decepticons are still on Earth to hunt the Autobots, since Megatron's corpse is at the bottom of the Laurentian Abyss and the last-known AllSpark shard is secured in the base. Soundwave hacks into a military satellite, overhears the information, and sends Ravage to retrieve the shard. Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky is preparing to attend college, leaving his girlfriend Mikaela Banes

the Fallen, who orders him to capture Sam alive and kill Optimus, as he is the only Transformer who can defeat the Fallen. After killing Alice, a Decepticon Pretender disguised as a college student, Sam, Mikaela and his college roommate, Leo are captured by the Decepticon Grindor and taken to an abandoned factory. Megatron reveals that the symbols in Sam's mind will lead the Decepticons to a new Energon source before Optimus and Bumblebee arrive to rescue the trio. Optimus engages Megatron, Starscream, and Grindor; though Optimus injures Starscream by cutting his arm off and killing Grindor, Megatron kills Optimus

and guardian Bumblebee behind. He finds a smaller AllSpark shard and picks it up, causing him to see Cybertronian symbols. As a side effect, the shard's energy brings various kitchen appliances to life, who then attack Sam and his family. After Bumblebee kills the living appliances, Sam gives the shard to Mikaela, who later captures Decepticon Wheelie when he attempts to steal it. The Constructicons resurrect Megatron by brutally ripping apart the Constructicon Scrapmetal to provide parts for him, as well as using the stolen shard. Megatron then travels to one of Saturn's moons, where he reunites with his master,

a vision, telling him the Matrix is earned, not found, and that he earned the right to bear it. They restore Sam's life and the Matrix, which he uses to revive Optimus. The Fallen teleports to their location and steals the Matrix from Optimus, then returns to the pyramid with Megatron and activates the Sun Harvester. Jetfire, who was gravely wounded during the battle by Scorponok but did manage to kill his attacker, sacrifices himself in order to transplant his parts to Optimus, which give him immense strength and the ability to fly. Optimus knocks the Fallen and Megatron off

by impaling him through the chest, destroying his spark. The other Autobots arrive and repel the Decepticons, forcing Megatron and Starscream to retreat. The Decepticons launch devastating simultaneous attacks around the world, destroying ships in the Second Fleet and damaging Paris. The Fallen hijacks Earth's telecommunications systems, demanding that Sam be handed to him. Sam, Mikaela, and Leo enlist the help of former Sector Seven agent, Seymour Simmons, who reveals that the Transformers visited Earth eons ago and the most ancient, known as Seekers, remained on Earth, hiding in secret. With help from Wheelie, they track down a Decepticon Seeker

"Fallen (Transformers)"
teleported back to the Well of All Sparks to fuse the three artifacts in a machine that would use the Enigma to combine the essence of the Matrix with the power of the Blaster and drain every Cybertronian's Spark throughout the Universe, bringing the Transformers to their final days. Just as Megatronus's machine was activated, the team arrived and damaged it, causing it to briefly go offline. Angered, Megatronus incapacitated all of the members but Megatron by paralyzing them with painful flames. And just as Megatronus is ready to finish his follower off for good, Rodimus Cron arrives and is

engage in a fierce duel. Megatron tries to help his master, but is quickly overpowered and knocked out by Optimus. The Fallen counterattacks Optimus, managing to knock away his sword and rip off one of his rocket thrusters before he attacks Optimus with his scepter, but Optimus viciously retaliates by tearing the Fallen's face off with his own weapon. Realizing that he is losing, the Fallen tries to escape, but Optimus punches through his chest and crushes his spark core, finally killing him. Horrified at his master's demise, a wounded Megatron swears vengeance and flees with Starscream, taking over as

the pyramid, destroying the Sun Harvester in the process. In the battle, Optimus disables Megatron and kills the Fallen; vowing vengeance, Megatron retreats with Starscream. The victorious Autobots and their allies then return to the United States as Sam resumes to attend to college. Several clones of Scrapper, Mixmaster, Bonecrusher, Long Haul and Rampage are seen during the final battle in Egypt. An unnamed Decepticon bulldozer and dump truck, possibly clones of Rampage and Long Haul, were seen combining to form Devastator's left hand and left leg, respectively. Major hurdles for film's initial production stages included the 2007–08 Writers Guild

Demolishor
head as he proceeds down the highway. Optimus shoots him repeatedly in the head, while at the same time Ironhide damages one of his wheel joints in which breaks the wheel forcing the Decepticon to fall over, causing him to go off road and crash. With most of his body damaged as a result, Demolishor's last words are ""This is not your planet to rule. The Fallen shall rise again"" before Prime kills him by blasting him through the face. Demolishor appears in the ""Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen"" Xbox 360, PS3, PS2, and Wii versions as a boss, but

Perth
Perth Perth () is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2,022,044 living in Greater Perth. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with the majority of the metropolitan area located on the Swan Coastal Plain, a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp. The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford, with the city's central business district and port (Fremantle) both later founded downriver. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling

Perth
seats of Canning, Pearce and Brand including some areas outside the metropolitan area. The metropolitan area is divided into over 30 local government bodies, including the City of Perth which administers Perth's central business district. The state's highest court, the Supreme Court, is located in Perth, along with the District and Family Courts. The Magistrates' Court has six metropolitan locations. The Federal Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit Court of Australia (previously the Federal Magistrates Court) occupy the Commonwealth Law Courts building on Victoria Avenue, which is also the location for annual Perth sittings of Australia's High Court. The

Perth
25% of the 2011 census respondents in Perth had no religion, as against 22% of the national population—an increase of 6.8% since 2001. In 1911, the national figure was 0.4%. Other countries such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom are reporting similar increases. Perth houses the Parliament of Western Australia and the Governor of Western Australia. , 42 of the Legislative Assembly's 59 seats and 18 of the Legislative Council's 36 seats are based in Perth's metropolitan area. Perth is represented by 9 full seats and significant parts of three others in the Federal House of Representatives, with the

Perth
and Edith Cowan University. There is also one private university, the University of Notre Dame. The University of Western Australia, which was founded in 1911, is renowned as one of Australia's leading research institutions. The university's monumental neo-classical architecture, most of which is carved from white limestone, is a notable tourist destination in the city. It is the only university in the state to be a member of the Group of Eight, as well as the Sandstone universities. It is also the state's only university to have produced a Nobel Laureate Barry Marshall who graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine,

Perth
House, the residence of the Governor of Western Australia. Perth came seventh in the Economist Intelligence Unit's August 2016 list of the world's most liveable cities, and was classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network in 2010 as a Beta world city. The city hosted the 1962 Commonwealth Games. Perth is divided into 30 local government areas and 250 suburbs, stretching from Two Rocks in the north to Singleton in the south, and east inland to The Lakes. Outside of the main CBD, important urban centres within Perth include Fremantle and Joondalup. Most of those were originally established

Perth
in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status (currently vested in the smaller City of Perth) in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The city's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century. During Australia's involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for submarines

"Western Australia"
Western Australia Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, and the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres (976,790 sq mi), and the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants around 11% of the national total of whom the vast majority (92%) live

<br> Western Australia Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, and the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres (976,790 sq mi), and the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants around 11% of the national total of whom the vast majority (92%)

Perth
operating in the Pacific Theatre, and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, led to rapid population growth. This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations located around the state. As part of Perth's role as the capital of Western Australia, the state's Parliament and Supreme Court are located within the city, as is Government

Perth
named for the native black swans by Willem de Vlamingh, captain of a Dutch expedition and namer of WA's Rottnest Island who discovered the birds while exploring the area in 1697. Traditionally, this water body had been known by Aboriginal inhabitants as ""Derbarl Yerrigan"". The city centre and most of the suburbs are located on the sandy and relatively flat Swan Coastal Plain, which lies between the Darling Scarp and the Indian Ocean. The soils of this area are quite infertile. The metropolitan area extends along the coast to Two Rocks in the north and Singleton to the south, a

"Golden Balls"
try to establish who has the worst set of balls, in terms of the lowest total value and/or the most Killer balls. Each contestant secretly casts one vote as to whom they want to remove from the game. The contestant who receives the most votes is eliminated with no winnings. In the event of a two-way tie, the contestants not involved in it must discuss further and try to reach a consensus. If they do, the chosen contestant is eliminated; if not, each tied contestant is given one more ball at random, dispensed from the mixer. One is a Killer,

"European Golden Shoe"
Ally McCoist (1991–92, 1992–93), Thierry Henry (2003–04, 2004–05), Lionel Messi (2011–12, 2012–13 and 2016–17, 2017–18), and Cristiano Ronaldo (2013–14, 2014–15) have won the award in consecutive years. Diego Forlán (Villarreal, Atlético Madrid), Luis Suárez (Liverpool, Barcelona), Mário Jardel (Porto, Sporting CP) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, Real Madrid) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs. European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe or Golden Boot is an award that is presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league. The trophy is a sculpture of

with Barcelona. Messi holds the all-time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011–12; it also accumulated to a record 100 points. Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th time. Bayern Munich's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice, in 1969–70 and 1971–72. Messi was the first player to win the award three times, Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times, and Messi again was the first, and so far only, player to win it five times. Only

"FIFA World Cup awards"
""Silver Ball"" and ""Bronze Ball"" awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The current award was introduced in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, sponsored by Adidas and ""France Football"", though fifa.com also lists in their player articles as ""golden ball winners"" Kempes, Cruyff, Pelé, Bobby Charlton, Garrincha and Didi for 1978, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1962 and 1958 respectively. Barcelona is the only club whose players have won the Golden Ball a record 3 times (Johan Cruyff in 1974, Romário in 1994, Lionel Messi in 2014). The ""Golden Boot"" or ""Golden Shoe"" Award goes to

the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. While every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982, under the name Golden Shoe. It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010. FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners. If there is more than one player with the same number of goals, since 1994 the tie-breaker goes to the player without a penalty goal, if none has a penalty then the tie breaker goes to the person with more assists - with the FIFA Technical

"The Winner Is"
contestants are asked if they think they have lost or won the battle. If they think they have lost, the contestant will press the button accepting the cash amount and being eliminated from the competition and the chance at the $1,000,000. The contestant with the highest number of votes, out of the three winners, automatically advances to the Final Round. In the second round, the two winners who did not receive the highest number of votes compete against each other. The contestants will again be offered a greater amount of money to walk away after the voting numbers are revealed.

FIFA World Cup awards At the end of each FIFA World Cup final tournament, several awards are presented to the players and teams which have distinguished themselves in various aspects of the game. There are currently five post-tournament awards, and one given during the tournament: Two other awards were given between 1994 and 2006: The ""Golden Ball"" award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals, with a shortlist drawn up by the FIFA technical committee and the winner voted for by representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the

in the leagues ranked six to 21 are multiplied by a factor of 1.5, and goals scored in leagues ranked 22 and below are multiplied by a factor of 1. Thus, goals scored in higher ranked leagues will count for more than those scored in weaker leagues. Since this change, there has only been one winner who was not playing in one of the top five leagues (Henrik Larsson, 2000–01 Scottish Premier League). Lionel Messi in 2018 won the European Golden Shoe for the record 5th time. Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times, all

European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe or Golden Boot is an award that is presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league. The trophy is a sculpture of a football boot. From its inception in the 1967–68 season, the award, originally called ""Soulier d'Or"", which translates from French as ""Golden Shoe"" or ""Boot"", has been given to the top goalscorer in all European leagues that season, with a weighting in favour of the highest ranked leagues. Originally presented by ""L'Équipe"" magazine, it has been awarded by the European

the other is empty, and the person who receives the Killer is out of the game. If every contestant receives one vote, all four continue their discussion; the first three to reach an agreement on who should be eliminated advance to the next round. All four contestants reveal their back-row balls, and the eliminated contestant must then ""bin"" their balls, dropping them down a chute and removing them permanently from play. The remaining balls from the three surviving contestants are closed and put into the mixer. Two more cash balls are drawn from the Golden Bank, and one more Killer

"Agatha Christie"
in 2015. As part of that deal, the BBC broadcast ""Partners In Crime"" and ""And Then There Were None"", both in 2015. Subsequent productions have included ""The Witness for the Prosecution"" but plans to televise ""Ordeal by Innocence"" at Christmas 2017 were delayed due to controversy surrounding one of the cast members. The three-part adaptation aired in April 2018. A three-part adaptation of ""The A.B.C. Murders"" starring John Malkovich and Rupert Grint began filming in June 2018 for later broadcast. Christie's first book, ""The Mysterious Affair at Styles"", was published in 1920 and introduced the detective Hercule Poirot, who became

"Agatha Christie's Poirot"
later achieved greater fame, including Sean Pertwee (""The King of Clubs"", 1989; ""Dead Man's Folly"", 2013), Joely Richardson (""The Dream"", 1989), Polly Walker (""Peril at End House"", 1990), Samantha Bond (""The Adventure of the Cheap Flat"", 1990), Christopher Eccleston (""One, Two, Buckle My Shoe"", 1992), Hermione Norris (""Jewel Robbery at The Grand Metropolitan"", 1993), Damian Lewis (""Hickory Dickory Dock"", 1995), Jamie Bamber (""The Murder of Roger Ackroyd"", 2000), Russell Tovey (""Evil Under the Sun"", 2001), Emily Blunt (""Death on the Nile"", 2004), Alice Eve (""The Mystery of the Blue Train"", 2005), Michael Fassbender (""After the Funeral"", 2006), Toby Jones, Aiden

Spanish Chest"", ""Dead Man's Mirror"", ""Dumb Witness"", and ""Dead Man's Folly"" respectively) which were made into episodes. Unlike the other Poirot short story collections, which were adapted into 1-hour episodes, the collection entitled ""The Labours of Hercules"" (consisting of twelve short stories linked by an initial scene-setting story and a broad running theme) was adapted into a single 2-hour film. The end result drew heavily on some of the stories; other stories contributed only minor details. The original version of The Capture of Cerberus, unpublished until 2009, was not used at all. Also incorporated into this single film was a

"Mystery film"
ten films based on the ever-popular novels of Agatha Christie have been released. Two with eccentric sleuth Hercule Poirot, ""Evil Under the Sun"" (1982), ""Appointment with Death"" (1988), and one with Miss Marple ""The Mirror Crack'd"" (1980). Christie herself became the subject of a mystery film in 1979's ""Agatha"" starring Vanessa Redgrave. The film was a fictional speculation on her famous 11-day disappearance in 1926. Complex murder mysteries related to military men began with ""Crossfire"" (1947). More recent examples include ""A Soldier's Story"" (1984), ""No Way Out"" (1987), ""The Presidio"" (1988), ""A Few Good Men"" (1992), ""Courage Under Fire"" (1996),

Gillen (“Five Little Pigs”, 2003), and Jessica Chastain (""Murder on the Orient Express"", 2010). Four Academy Award nominees have appeared in the series: Sarah Miles, Barbara Hershey, Elizabeth McGovern and Elliott Gould. Jessica Chastain, Michael Fassbender, and Lesley Manville went on to receive Academy Award nominations after appearing on the show. Several members of British thespian families appeared in episodes throughout the course of the series. James Fox appeared as Colonel Race in ""Death on the Nile"", and his older brother Edward Fox appeared as Gudgeon in ""The Hollow"". Three of the Cusack sisters each appeared in an episode: Niamh

"Agatha (film)"
Agatha (film) Agatha is a 1979 British drama thriller film directed by Michael Apted, starring Vanessa Redgrave, Dustin Hoffman and Timothy Dalton, and written by Kathleen Tynan. The ""Technovision"" film focuses on renowned crime writer Agatha Christie's famous 11-day disappearance in 1926. The film opens as Agatha Christie (Vanessa Redgrave) gets a silver cup engraved for her husband Archie (Timothy Dalton), who receives the gift with utter disdain. The couple walks to a publicity event for Agatha's new novel, ""The Murder of Roger Ackroyd"". They are tailed into the venue by American reporter Wally Stanton (Dustin Hoffman). The next morning,

her husband's infidelity. Public reaction at the time was largely negative, supposing a publicity stunt or an attempt to frame her husband for murder. The 1979 Michael Apted film ""Agatha"" features a disclaimer in the opening credits stating that what follows is an imaginary solution to an authentic mystery. The film starred Vanessa Redgrave and Timothy Dalton as Agatha and Archie, and depicts Christie planning suicide in such a way as to frame her husband's mistress for her ""murder"". An American reporter, played by Dustin Hoffman, follows her closely and stops the plan. Christie's heirs unsuccessfully sued to prevent the

best known novels with heavy archaeological influences are: Christie has been portrayed on a number of occasions in film and television. Several biographical programmes have been made, such as BBC television's """" (2004; in which she was portrayed by Olivia Williams, Anna Massey, and Bonnie Wright, at different stages in her life), and in Season 3, Episode 1 of ""ITV Perspectives"": ""The Mystery of Agatha Christie"" (2013), hosted by David Suchet, who plays Hercule Poirot on television. Christie has also been portrayed fictionally. Some of these portrayals have explored and offered accounts of Christie's disappearance in 1926, including the film

2007, Suchet spoke of his desire to film the remaining stories in the canon and hoped to achieve this before his 65th birthday in May 2011. Despite speculation of cancellation early in 2011, it was announced on 14 November 2011 that the remaining books would be adapted into a thirteenth series to be filmed in 2012. The remaining books were finally adapted in 2013 into 5 episodes, from which Curtain aired last on 13 November 2013. A 2013 television special, ""Being Poirot"", centred on Suchet's characterisation and his emotional final episode. Alongside recurring characters, the early series featured actors who

"Trilogy (film)"
Trilogy (film) Trilogy (also released as Truman Capote's Trilogy) is a 1969 American anthology drama film directed by Frank Perry and written by Truman Capote. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. Capote narrates the three-part film and co-wrote the script with Eleanor Perry. It includes an adaptation of one of Capote's most well-known short stories, A Christmas Memory. The ensemble cast includes Martin Balsam, Mildred Natwick, Geraldine Page and Maureen Stapleton. The first story, ""Miriam,"" is about a former governess, Miss

when does a cell have condensed visible chromosomes also known as sister chromatids

"Sister chromatids"
Sister chromatids A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In other words, a sister chromatid may also be said to be 'one-half' of the duplicated chromosome. A pair of sister chromatids is called a dyad. A full set of sister chromatids is created during the synthesis (S) phase of interphase, when all the chromosomes in a cell are replicated. The two sister chromatids are separated from each other into two different cells during mitosis or during the second division of meiosis.

Chromatid
Chromatid A chromatid (Greek ""khrōmat-"" 'color' + ""-id"") is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by a single centromere. Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. Following replication, each chromosome is composed of two DNA molecules; in other words, DNA replication itself increases the amount of DNA but does ""not"" increase the number of chromosomes. The two identical copies—each forming one half of the replicated chromosome—are called chromatids. During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudinally to become individual chromosomes. Chromatid pairs are normally genetically

Chromosome
once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. In this highly condensed form chromosomes are easiest to distinguish and study. In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis

Chromatid
during mitosis or meiosis. SCEs appear to primarily reflect DNA recombinational repair processes responding to DNA damage (see articles Sister chromatids and Sister chromatid exchange). ""Non-sister chromatids"", on the other hand, refers to either of the two chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes, that is, the pairing of a paternal chromosome and a maternal chromosome. In chromosomal crossovers, non-sister (homologous) chromatids form chiasmata to exchange genetic material during the prophase I of meiosis (See Homologous recombination). Chromatid A chromatid (Greek ""khrōmat-"" 'color' + ""-id"") is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by

Chromatid
dyad. Once sister chromatids have separated (during the anaphase of mitosis or the anaphase II of meiosis during sexual reproduction), they are again called chromosomes. Although having the same genetic mass as the individual chromatids that made up its parent, the daughter ""molecules"" are called chromosomes in a similar way that one child of a pair of twins is not referred to as a single twin. The DNA sequence of two sister chromatids is completely identical (apart from very rare DNA copying errors). Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is the exchange of genetic information between two sister chromatids. SCEs can occur

"Stroma (fluid)"
the Calvin cycle or ""light-independent reactions"". There are three phases: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration. The stroma is also the location of chloroplast DNA and chloroplast ribosomes, and thus also the location of molecular processes including chloroplast DNA replication, and transcription/translation of some chloroplast proteins. Stroma (fluid) Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. Within the stroma are grana, stacks of thylakoids, the sub-organelles, the daughter cells, where photosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage,

"Sister chromatid exchange"
in Bernstein and Bernstein, pp 220–221). In order for yeast cells to repair damage by homologous recombination, there must be present, in the same nucleus, a second DNA molecule containing sequence homology with the region to be repaired. In a diploid cell in G1 phase of the cell cycle, such a molecule is present in the form of the homologous chromosome. However, in the G2 phase of the cell cycle (following DNA replication), a second homologous DNA molecule is also present: the sister chromatid. Evidence indicates that, due to the special nearby relationship they share, sister chromatids are not only

Stroma (fluid) Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. Within the stroma are grana, stacks of thylakoids, the sub-organelles, the daughter cells, where photosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, ""light-dependent reactions"" capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the ""light-independent reactions"" use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide. The series of biochemical redox reactions which take place in the stroma are collectively called

is largely limited to interaction between nearby sister chromatids that are present in a cell subsequent to DNA replication but prior to cell division. Due to the special nearby relationship they share, sister chromatids are not only preferred over distant homologous chromatids as substrates for recominational repair, but have the capacity to repair more DNA damage than do homologs. Studies with the budding yeast ""Saccharomyces cerevisiae"" indicate that inter-sister recombination occurs frequently during meiosis, and up to one-third of all recombination events occur between sister chromatids. Sister chromatids A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the

Compare sister chromatids to homologous chromosomes, which are the two ""different"" copies of a chromosome that diploid organisms (like humans) inherit, one from each parent. Sister chromatids are by and large identical (since they carry the same alleles, also called variants or versions, of genes) because they derive from one original chromosome. An exception is towards the end of meiosis, after crossing over has occurred, because sections of each sister chromatid may have been exchanged with corresponding sections of the homologous chromatids with which they are paired during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes might or might not be the same as each

Greenland
Greenland Greenland (, ; , ) is an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. Greenland is the world's largest island. Australia and Antarctica

Greenland
in 2001. Greenland has excellent conditions for skiing, fishing, snowboarding, ice climbing and rock climbing, although mountain climbing and hiking are preferred by the general public. Although the country's environment is generally ill-suited for golf, there are nevertheless golf courses on the island. Greenland Greenland (, ; , ) is an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as

Greenland
Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (""Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq""). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world. Greenland is divided into five municipalities – Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. Greenland does not have an independent seat at the United Nations. In

Greenland
of its natural resources, the grant will gradually be diminished. This is generally considered to be a step toward eventual full independence from Denmark. Greenlandic was declared the sole official language of Greenland at the historic ceremony. Greenland is the world's largest non-continental island and the third largest country in North America. It is between latitudes 59° and 83°N, and longitudes 11° and 74°W. The Atlantic Ocean borders Greenland's southeast; the Greenland Sea is to the east; the Arctic Ocean is to the north; and Baffin Bay is to the west. The nearest countries are Canada, to the west and

Greenland
the Davis Strait; ""Qeqertalik"" (""The one with islands"") surrounding Disko Bay; and ""Avannaata"" (""Northern"") in the northwest; the latter two having come into being as a result of the Qaasuitsup municipality, one of the original four, being partitioned in 2018. The northeast of the island composes the unincorporated ""Northeast Greenland National Park"". ""Thule Air Base"" is also unincorporated, an enclave within Avannaata municipality administered by the United States Air Force. During its construction, there were as many as 12,000 American residents but in recent years the number has been below 1,000. The Greenlandic economy is highly dependent on fishing. Fishing

Greenland
(both larger) are generally considered to be continental landmasses rather than islands. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated territory in the world. About a third of the population live in Nuuk, the capital and largest city. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada.

Arctic
Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places. The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and

"Geography of Greenland"
Geography of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland–the largest island in the world–and more than a hundred other smaller islands (see ). As an island, Greenland has no land boundaries and 44,087 km of coastline. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second largest ice sheet. Greenland sits atop the Greenland plate, a subplate of the North American plate. The Greenland craton is made up of some of

Arctic
the ice covering them melts. These factors have led to recent international debates as to which nations can claim sovereignty or ownership over the waters of the Arctic. Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.

Greenland
southwest across Baffin Bay, and Iceland, east of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean. Greenland also contains the world's largest national park, and it is the largest dependent territory by area in the world, as well as the fourth largest country subdivision in the world, after Sakha Republic in Russia, Australia's state of Western Australia, and Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai, and the largest in North America. The average daily temperature of Nuuk, Greenland varies over the seasons from . The total area of Greenland is (including other offshore minor islands), of which the Greenland ice sheet covers (81%) and has a volume

the boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius express this in si units

will boil at different temperatures. The normal boiling point (also called the atmospheric boiling point or the atmospheric pressure boiling point) of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the defined atmospheric pressure at sea level, 1 atmosphere. At that temperature, the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and allow bubbles of vapor to form inside the bulk of the liquid. The standard boiling point has been defined by IUPAC since 1982 as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of 1 bar. The heat

"Atmosphere (unit)"
Atmosphere (unit) The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as . It is sometimes used as a ""reference"" or ""standard pressure"". It was originally defined as the pressure exerted by 760 mm of mercury at 0 °C and standard gravity (""g"" = ). It was used as a reference condition for physical and chemical properties, and was implicit in the definition of the Centigrade (later Celsius) scale of temperature by defining 100 °C as being the boiling point of water at this pressure. In 1954, the 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) adopted ""standard

Celsius
Celsius scale at the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW, 273.16 K and 0.01 °C), and at absolute zero (0 K and −273.15 °C), is that neither the melting nor boiling point of water under one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) remains a defining point for the Celsius scale. In 1948 when the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in Resolution 3 first considered using the triple point of water as a defining point, the triple point was so close to being 0.01 °C greater than water's known melting point, it was simply defined as precisely

thermal energy (heat) is removed. Similarly, a liquid at saturation temperature and pressure will boil into its vapor phase as additional thermal energy is applied. The boiling point corresponds to the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the surrounding environmental pressure. Thus, the boiling point is dependent on the pressure. Boiling points may be published with respect to the NIST, USA standard pressure of 101.325 kPa (or 1 atm), or the IUPAC standard pressure of 100.000 kPa. At higher elevations, where the atmospheric pressure is much lower, the boiling point is also lower. The boiling point

boiling point of water"" at a standard pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar) is . For comparison, on top of Mount Everest, at elevation, the pressure is about and the boiling point of water is . The Celsius temperature scale was defined until 1954 by two points: 0 °C being defined by the water freezing point and 100 °C being defined by the water boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the lower the normal boiling point (i.e., the boiling point at atmospheric pressure) of the liquid. The vapor

"Triple point"
was used to define the kelvin, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature in the International System of Units (SI). The value of the triple point of water was fixed by definition, rather than measured, but that changed with the 2019 redefinition of SI base units. The triple points of several substances are used to define points in the ITS-90 international temperature scale, ranging from the triple point of hydrogen (13.8033 K) to the triple point of water (273.16 K, 0.01 °C, or 32.018 °F). The term ""triple point"" was coined in 1873 by James Thomson, brother of Lord Kelvin. The

1 part in 273.16 parts of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water; it establishes that one kelvin has precisely the same magnitude as one degree on the Celsius scale; and it establishes the difference between the null points of these scales as being ( = and = ). In the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is widely used. On this scale the freezing point of water corresponds to and the boiling point to . The Rankine scale, still used in fields of chemical engineering in the U.S., is an absolute scale based on the Fahrenheit

Kelvin
Kelvin The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics. The kelvin (symbol: K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI). Until 2018, the kelvin was defined as the fraction of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01 °C or 32.018 °F). In other words, it is defined such that the triple point of water is exactly 273.16 K. On 16 November 2018, a new definition was adopted, in

"Turnover (basketball)"
recorded in the NBA during the 1977–78 season and ABA during the 1967–68 season. The record for the most turnovers in an NBA game is shared by Jason Kidd and John Drew. Kidd committed 14 turnovers against the New York Knicks on November 17, 2000 while playing for the Phoenix Suns. Drew committed 14 turnovers against the New Jersey Nets on March 1, 1978 while playing for the Atlanta Hawks. The record for most turnovers in an NBA playoff game was 13, set by James Harden on May 27, 2015 while playing for the Houston Rockets against the Golden State

"Half court"
on February 17, 2001. He shot it with 0.7 seconds remaining in the third quarter as a defender closely guarded him. Baron Davis is the only player to have hit a shot from at least in a game; since the year 2000, it has been attempted at least a total of 40 times. During his career, Baron Davis went 2-for-43 from beyond half court. 2010 and 2012 are the only NBA seasons when two half court shots were made on the same night. During Jason Kidd's career, he has made 4 of 44 (roughly 10%) from beyond half-court. Jerry West

goal percentage. Andre Miller may have attempted over his career the most half court shots of any player. During his first 13 seasons in the NBA, Miller went 3-for-102 from beyond half court. Jason Williams and Andre Miller each attempted 12 half court shots in 2001. Take the half court misses away and Miller’s three-point percentage goes from roughly 26 to 32%. The record for most half-court shots made in a single NBA season - by all NBA players combined - was set in the 2014 season at 13. The longest successful shot in NBA history was by Baron Davis

"NBA regular season records"
NBA regular season records This article lists all-time records achieved in the NBA regular season in major statistical categories recognized by the league, including those set by teams and individuals in a game, season, and career. The NBA also recognizes records from its original incarnation, the Basketball Association of America (BAA). ""In 2006, the NBA introduced age requirement restrictions. Prospective high school players must wait a year before entering the NBA, making age-related records harder to break."" ""Note: Other than the longest game and disqualifications in a game, all records in this section are since the 24-second shot clock was

"Marquis of Távora"
Marquis of Távora Count of São João da Pesqueira (in Portuguese ""Conde de São João da Pesqueira"") was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated from 21 March 1611, by King Philip II of Portugal (aka Philip III of Spain), and granted to ""Dom"" Luís Álvares de Távora, Lord of Távora. In the 17th century this family received new honours: a royal decree of King Afonso VI of Portugal, issued on August 6, 1669, created the title of Marquis of Távora (in Portuguese ""Marquês de Távora"") and granted it to Dom Luís Álvares de Távora, 3rd

Sarfati
Sarfati Sarfati (; , variously transliterated and spelled Sarfatti, Sarphati, Serfaty, Sarfaty, Sarfity, Zarfati, Tsarfati, Tzarfati) is a Sephardic Jewish surname. The surname literally means ""French"" in the Hebrew language, and is derived from the Biblical placename Tzarfat which in later times was identified in Jewish tradition as France. One account places the origin of the surname as being linked to Rashi by way of his grandson Rabbeinu Tam, but the connection, although anchored in the Ketubot traditions has never been fully proven due to a seven generations gap in the genealogy after Jews were expelled from France by Philippe

"Totanés (surname)"
to type Spanish diacritics. As a result, the surname is often pronounced to-TA-nes. Totanés (surname) Totanés is a Spanish-language family name originating from the town of Totanés. Brought to the Philippines by a Spanish Franciscan friar named Fr. Sebastián de Totanés during the 18th century, he ran an orphanage for ""indios"" or natives, and baptized these orphans surnames after his hometown. There are different variations, including Tutanes, Otanes, Totañes, but all ultimately stemming from the same origin. However, the fact that the Spanish town and surname is pronounced accented on the last syllable (to-ta-NES) has been totally lost in the

Totanés (surname) Totanés is a Spanish-language family name originating from the town of Totanés. Brought to the Philippines by a Spanish Franciscan friar named Fr. Sebastián de Totanés during the 18th century, he ran an orphanage for ""indios"" or natives, and baptized these orphans surnames after his hometown. There are different variations, including Tutanes, Otanes, Totañes, but all ultimately stemming from the same origin. However, the fact that the Spanish town and surname is pronounced accented on the last syllable (to-ta-NES) has been totally lost in the Philippines due to decades-long use of the US keyboard layout, which is unable

Tanet
Tanet Tanet or Tannet is a surname. The French surname Tanet could be toponymic or a sobriquet in origin. Spelling variations of this family name include: Tanat, Tannat, Tanet, Tanett, Tanatt, Tannatt, or even Danet due to apophony, and many more. In the case of 'Tanet' several interpretations are possible. The surname can be traced back to the Old Breton ""tanet"" meaning ""aflame"", that could be a nickname for a nervous or irritated trait or as a corruption of the Common Celtic 'tan-arth' ""high fire"", derived from the place where the original bearer once resided, suggesting in this case ""one

Nabarro
Nabarro Nabarro is a Spanish surname with the following spelling variations: Navarro (21st most common surname in Spain), Navaro, Navarijo, Najara, Najera, and de Najera. The formation of the surname suggests it to be a location surname originating in the ancient Kingdom of Navarre, formerly the Kingdom of Pamplona, which is a territory under the influence of Basque culture. Location surnames are thought to be due to the migration tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages to easily identify arrivals. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Francisco Navarro, which was dated January

Tzavaras
South America there is also a recorded presence of people with the family name, both in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Antofagasta, Chile. Tzavaras According to genealogical researchers the surname Tzavaras (Greek: Τζαβάρας) can be classified as of patronymic / nickname origin. It is either the Hellenization of the Albanian word ""çanavar"" which means ""monster"" or ""brave"", but within a historical context would signify “mercenary” and later on “jannisary”; or a Byzantine compound surname made up of the prefix ""dia"" (""tza""), with a general meaning of “through”, but here understood as “origin” or “from”; and the term ""baros"" meaning “heavy”, but

"De la Peña"
De la Peña De La Peña or Peña is a surname of Spanish origin. The origin of the surname de la Peña (also Peña) can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena (Burgos) in the Kingdom of Castile. The bearers of this surname proved their noble descent in the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword in 1626, 1629, 1651 and 1657; in the Military Order of Calatrava, in 1657, 1687, 1688, 1700 and 1785; in the Order of Alcántara in 1644

"Castañeda"
Castañeda Castañeda or Castaneda is a Spanish surname. The name's meaning is habitational, from any of various places in Santander, Asturias, and Salamanca, derived from castañeda, a collective of castaña ""chestnut"". The name is believed to be created by the fact that the bourgeois House of Castañeda was situated in a valley of chestnuts, thus meaning ""Castle of the Chestnuts."" In non-Hispanic countries, the name is usually spelled Castaneda (without the tilde). In Portuguese, this name is spelled Castanheda. The surname can be found primarily in Spain, Portugal and the Americas after the Spanish conquest of North and South America.

Torrijos–Carter Treaties. On September 7, 1977, the treaty was signed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos, ""de facto"" leader of Panama. This mobilized the process of granting the Panamanians free control of the canal so long as Panama signed a treaty guaranteeing the permanent neutrality of the canal. The treaty led to full Panamanian control effective at noon on December 31, 1999, and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) assumed command of the waterway. The Panama Canal remains one of the chief revenue sources for Panama. Before this handover, the government of Panama held an international

Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, in 1999, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to

"Panama Canal Authority"
Panama Canal Authority The Panama Canal Authority () is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the canal from the Panama Canal Commission, the joint US–Panama agency that managed the canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as per the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. The Panama Canal Authority is established under Title XIV of the National Constitution, and has exclusive responsibility for the operation, administration, management, preservation, maintenance, and modernization of the canal. It is

United States. On September 7, 1977, US President Jimmy Carter signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaty setting in motion the process of transferring control of the canal to Panama. The treaty became effective on October 1, 1979, providing for a 20-year period in which Panama would have increasing responsibility for canal operations before complete US withdrawal on December 31, 1999. Since then, the canal has been administered by the Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad de Canal de Panama, or ACP). The treaty was controversial in the US, and its passage was difficult. The controversy was largely generated by contracts to manage two ports,

and May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, post-Panamax ships, capable of handling more cargo. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous

"Panama Canal Zone"
was proclaimed. In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the canal. From 1903 to 1979, the territory was controlled by the United States, which had purchased the land from the private and public owners, built the canal and financed its construction. The Canal Zone was abolished in 1979, as a term of the Torrijos–Carter Treaties two years earlier; the canal itself was later under joint U.S.–Panamanian control until it was fully

the Torrijos–Carter Treaties began the process of transferring territorial control of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama, a process completed on 31 December 1999. The Panama Canal continues to be a viable commercial venture and a vital link in world shipping, and continues to be periodically updated and maintained. The Panama Canal expansion project started construction in 2007 and began commercial operation on 26 June 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger Post-Panamax and New Panamax ships, which have a greater cargo capacity than the original locks could accommodate. The idea of a canal across Central America was revived

Authority Board of Directors is made up of the following members: Panama Canal Authority The Panama Canal Authority () is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the canal from the Panama Canal Commission, the joint US–Panama agency that managed the canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as per the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. The Panama Canal Authority is established under Title XIV of the National Constitution, and has exclusive responsibility for the operation,

"Panama Canal Railway"
Known as the Panama Railroad Company when founded in the 19th century, today it is operated as Panama Canal Railway Company (reporting mark: PCRC). Since 1998 it has been jointly owned by Kansas City Southern and Mi-Jack Products and leased to the government of Panama. The Panama Canal Railway currently provides both freight and passenger service. The principal incentive for the United States to build the rail line was the vast increase in passenger and freight traffic to California following the 1849 California Gold Rush. The United States Congress had provided subsidies to companies to operate mail and passenger steamships

million: $5 million upon ratification, and four-$5 million annual payments, and grant Colombia special privileges in the Canal Zone. In return, Colombia recognized Panama as an independent nation. The US formally took control of the canal property on May 4, 1904, inheriting from the French a depleted workforce and a vast jumble of buildings, infrastructure, and equipment, much of it in poor condition. A US government commission, the Isthmian Canal Commission (ICC), was established to oversee construction; it was given control of the Panama Canal Zone, over which the United States exercised sovereignty. The commission reported directly to Secretary of

Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources; threats from invasive species. International agreements: Geography of Australia The geography of Australia encompasses a wide variety of biogeographic regions being the world's smallest continent but the sixth-largest country in the world. The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests.

Outback
Outback The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. ""The Outback"" is more remote than those areas named ""the bush"" which is any location outside the main urban areas. While often envisaged as being arid, the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines, and encompass a number of climatic zones; including tropical and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the ""red centre"" and semi-arid and temperate climates in southerly regions. Geographically, the Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact, natural environment and, in

"Geography of New South Wales"
and Wollongong which all lie along the coast. Other cities and towns include Albury, Broken Hill, Dubbo, Tamworth, Armidale, Lismore, Nowra, Griffith, Leeton, Wagga Wagga, Goulburn and Coffs Harbour. Geography of New South Wales New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is Australia's most populous state, located in the east coast of the continent. It is in the southern hemisphere between latitudes 28 and 38 degrees south of the equator and longitudes 143 and 154 degrees east of the Universal Prime Meridian (formerly known as the Greenwich meridian). The state is in the warm temperate climatic zone. The area of New

"Northern Territory"
many parts of the territory, the largest ones being the Pitjantjatjara near Uluru, the Arrernte near Alice Springs, the Luritja between those two, the Warlpiri further north, and the Yolngu in eastern Arnhem Land. More than 54% of Territorians live in Darwin, located in the territory's north (Top End). Less than half of the territory's population live in the rural Northern Territory. Despite this, the Northern Territory is the least urbanised federal division in the Commonwealth (followed by Tasmania). Not all communities are incorporated cities, or towns. They are referred to as ""Statistical Local Areas."" In the 2016 census Roman

Australia
point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. The landscapes of the Top End and the Gulf Countrywith their tropical climateinclude forest, woodland, wetland, grassland, rainforest and desert. At the north-west corner of the continent are the sandstone cliffs and gorges of The Kimberley, and below that the Pilbara. To the south of these and inland, lie more areas of grassland: the Ord Victoria Plain and the Western Australian Mulga shrublands. At the heart of the country are the uplands of central Australia. Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock),

north by Queensland, on the west by South Australia, and on the south by Victoria. Its coast faces the Tasman Sea. New South Wales contains two Federal enclaves: the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and the Jervis Bay Territory. New South Wales can be divided physically into four sections: The steep escarpment of the Blue Mountains to the west of Sydney prevented European exploration beyond the coastal strip for several years until explorer Gregory Blaxland found a way through in 1813, 25 years after the first settlement in Sydney. Its four main cities from north to south are Newcastle, Gosford, Sydney,

Rangeland
thus cattle are theoretically allowed to roam free. In modern times open-range laws can conflict with urban development as occasional stray cows, bulls, or even herds wander into subdivisions or onto highways. The different types of rangeland come together to form about 70% (excluding Antarctica) of the Earth's surface. About 75% of Australia’s land mass is Rangeland. 53 of Australia's 85 bioregions have rangelands. In Western Australia, rangelands cover about 87% of the state’s 2.5 million square kilometres. Australian Rangelands support significant parts of the nation's economy, including Australia's valuable mining industry ($12 billion/yr), tourism ($2 billion/yr), pastoralism ($5.5 billion/yr

"God Gave Rock and Roll to You"
God Gave Rock and Roll to You ""God Gave Rock and Roll to You"" is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra, in 1977 and 1984, and Kiss in 1991, both with modified lyrics. Argent recorded the song in 1971 during the sessions for their album ""All Together Now"", but it originally did not appear as an album track until 1973's ""In Deep"", and was released as a successful single at that time. The 1997 CD re-release of ""All Together Now"" has the track included as a bonus. The original lyrics include a reference

under the title ""Final Solo"". ""God Gave Rock and Roll to You II"" would also be included on the Kiss album ""Alive III"", which was released in 1993. God Gave Rock and Roll to You ""God Gave Rock and Roll to You"" is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra, in 1977 and 1984, and Kiss in 1991, both with modified lyrics. Argent recorded the song in 1971 during the sessions for their album ""All Together Now"", but it originally did not appear as an album track until 1973's ""In Deep"", and was released

to British pop singer Cliff Richard, known for his Christianity. The Christian rock band Petra first released a cover version of the song in their 1977 album ""Come and Join Us"". This version had modified lyrics in the verses from the Argent original, while the chorus remained largely unchanged. Petra then re-recorded and released a somewhat updated version for their 1984 album ""Beat the System"". In 1989, the British band the Truth released a version. In 1991, the song was notably covered by Kiss under the title ""God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II"". This version's lyrics and arrangement

a big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on ""Billboard'""s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to ""Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album ""The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1""

backing vocals during the a cappella break, singing the repeated line """"...to everyone, he gave a song to be sung"""", as well as performing drums during the video for the song. The drum tracks were recorded by Eric Singer, who would become Kiss' full-time drummer, following Carr's death. The single was also the first to feature Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley sharing lead vocals since ""I"" from 1981's ""Music from ""The Elder"""". The video was filmed in Los Angeles, California, in July 1991 and was directed by Mark Rezyka. The video was edited by Scott C. Wilson. It features the

"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue"
Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue ""Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue"" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation ""Made in U.S.A."". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has

cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston). Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue ""Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue"" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation ""Made in U.S.A."". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live

"Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)"
Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life) ""Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)"" is a 1973 song written and originally performed by Australian singer Kevin Johnson, most famously covered by American singer Mac Davis. Johnson's version reached number four in Australia. The guitar solo in Johnson's version was played by Rory O'Donoghue. In Australia, the UK and Ireland, it was only Johnson's original version which charted. In Canada, Terry Jacks got it into the charts. No version of the song charted in New Zealand, even though the country's very

"Kevin Johnson (singer)"
Kevin Johnson (singer) Kevin Stephen Johnson is an Australian singer-songwriter. Popular in the 1970s, his biggest hit is ""Rock 'N' Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)"", which peaked at No. 4 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1973 (as well as reaching the UK Top 40). He also had a top 20 hit with ""Bonnie Please Don't Go"" (aka ""She's Leavin'"") in 1971. ""Rock and Roll"" is one of the most covered songs written by an Australian with 27 different artists recording it in 1975 alone. Covers include fellow Australians, Col Joye and

"Shot heard round the world"
Shot heard round the world ""The shot heard round the world"" is a phrase referring to several historical incidents, particularly the opening of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. The phrase comes from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's ""Concord Hymn"" (1837) and refers to the first shot of the American Revolution at the Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, where the first British soldiers fell in the battles of Lexington and Concord. Historically, no single shot can be cited as the first shot of the battle or the war.

The phrase ""shot heard round the world"" (alternatively ""shots heard round the world"" or ""shot heard around the world"") has also become associated with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, an event considered to be one of the immediate causes of World War I. Serbian Gavrilo Princip fired two shots, the first hitting Franz Ferdinand's wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and the second hitting the Archduke himself. The death of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, propelled Austria-Hungary and the rest of Europe into World War I. The phrase ""Shot heard

the World Series to the Yankees. Shot heard round the world ""The shot heard round the world"" is a phrase referring to several historical incidents, particularly the opening of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. The phrase comes from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's ""Concord Hymn"" (1837) and refers to the first shot of the American Revolution at the Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, where the first British soldiers fell in the battles of Lexington and Concord. Historically, no single shot can be cited as the first shot

"Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)"
the 21 Giants players still alive at the time, and one surviving coach, told the ""Wall Street Journal"" that beginning on July 20, the team used a telescope in the Giants clubhouse behind center field, manned by infielder Hank Schenz and later by coach Herman Franks, to steal the finger signals of opposing catchers. Stolen signs were relayed via a buzzer wire connected from the clubhouse to telephones in the Giants dugout and bullpen—one buzz for a fastball, two for an off-speed pitch. ""Every hitter knew what was coming,"" said pitcher Al Gettel. ""Made a big difference."" Joshua Prager, the

pitch to Thomson rather than walk him intentionally. Thomson later recalled that as he left the on-deck circle, Giants manager Leo Durocher turned to him and said, ""If you ever hit one, hit it now."" Branca's first pitch was a called strike on the inside corner. His second was a fastball high and inside, intended as a setup for his next, a breaking ball down and away; but Thomson pulled the fastball down the left field line. The ball disappeared into the lower-deck stands near the left field foul line for a game-ending, three-run home run. Thomson ran the bases,

"Shot heard round the world (soccer)"
as an homage to the ""Strike Squad"" as the Trinidad and Tobago team was then known as. In the first minutes, John Harkes tried unsuccessfully to score. Trinidad and Tobago's Elliot Allen had two attempts on goal. At 30', Bruce Murray passed the ball to Paul Caligiuri, who dodged a rival defender and with a left-footed shot scored 1–0 for the United States. Trinidadian goalkeeper Michael Maurice waited for the ball practically standing on the goal-line, but he couldn't see it, arguing that the sun had blinded him. In the second half, the Trinidadian team went into attack in order

Shots were fired earlier at Lexington, Massachusetts where eight Americans were killed and a British soldier was slightly wounded, but accounts of that event are confused and contradictory. The North Bridge skirmish did see the first shots by Americans acting under orders, the first organized volley by Americans, the first British fatalities, and the first British retreat. The towns of Lexington and Concord have debated over the point of origin for the Revolutionary War since 1824, when the Marquis de Lafayette visited the towns. He was welcomed to Lexington hearing it described as the ""birthplace of American liberty"", but he

"The Shootist"
remarks that Gillom already tried to sell it to him, to compensate for their lost boarders. Books confronts Gillom; after they resolve their differences, Gillom asks for a shooting lesson. To Gillom's surprise, he is nearly as accurate as Books, and wonders aloud how Books won all those gunfights. Books points out that the trees don't shoot back. ""It isn't always being fast or even accurate that counts,"" he adds. ""It's being willing."" Books asks Gillom to deliver a message to three men: Mike Sweeney (Boone), who has vowed to avenge his brother, killed long ago by Books; Jack Pulford

"John Buttrick"
John Buttrick Major John Buttrick (July 20, 1731 May 16, 1791, Concord, Massachusetts) was one of the leaders of the Concord militia during the Battle of Concord on April 19, 1775. Given the usual interpretation of the first stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's famous poem ""Concord Hymn,"" Buttrick is the man who ordered ""the shot heard around the world."" Buttrick played two notably critical roles in the Battle of Concord. Prior to the battle, the Concord militia and neighboring towns—then outnumbered by about 700 to 250—retreated to a ridge overlooking Concord as its command discussed immediate strategy. Colonel James Barrett

was then informed in Concord that the ""first forcible resistance"" was made there. President Ulysses Grant considered not attending the 1875 centennial celebrations in the area to evade the issue. In 1894, Lexington petitioned the state legislature to proclaim April 19 as ""Lexington Day"", to which Concord objected; the current name for the holiday is Patriots' Day. Emerson lived in a house known as the Old Manse at the time when he was composing the ""Concord Hymn,"" from which his grandfather and father (then a young child) had witnessed the skirmish. The house is located approximately from the North Bridge.

"2017 Miami Open – Men's Singles"
2017 Miami Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament began due to a right elbow injury. Reigning world No. 1 Andy Murray also withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a right elbow injury. This marked the first time since 1990, when the Masters Series/1000 tournaments were created, that neither the world No. 1 nor No. 2 played the Miami Open, and the first time since the 2005 Madrid Masters that neither Djokovic nor Murray featured in the main draw of a Masters Series/1000 event. Stan Wawrinka earned the

the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.

in 2005 and 2006). It is also the fourth consecutive year in which the same player won both the Indian Wells and Miami tournaments (Djokovic won back-to-back titles between 2014 and 2016). All seeds receive a bye into the second round. 2017 Miami Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament began due to a right elbow injury. Reigning world No. 1 Andy Murray also withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a right elbow injury. This marked the first time since 1990, when the Masters Series/1000 tournaments were created,

"2017 Davis Cup"
B). The winner of each pool plays off against the runner-up of the other pool to determine which two nations are promoted to Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 2018. Participating teams: Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 10 April 2017 (shown in parentheses below). 2017 Davis Cup The 2017 Davis Cup was the 106th edition of the Davis Cup, a tournament between national teams in men's tennis. It was sponsored by BNP Paribas. France won their tenth title (their first since 2001), with Lucas Pouille defeating Steve Darcis of Belgium on indoor hard in the

Prewriting
Prewriting Prewriting is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing. Prewriting can consist of a combination of outlining, diagramming, storyboarding, clustering (for a technique similar to clustering, see mindmapping). Prewriting usually begins with motivation and audience awareness: what is the student or writer trying to communicate, why is it important to communicate it well and who is the audience for this communication. It helps you put your thought out onto the paper on what you want to write about. Writers usually begin with a clear idea of audience, content and the importance

"Draft document"
Draft document Drafting is the preliminary stage of a written work in which the author begins to develop a more cohesive product. A draft document is the product the writer creates in the initial stages of the writing process. In the drafting stage, the author: In a book that became popular in the 1950s, ""The Elements of Style"", famed authors Strunk and White describe the first draft as being a less edited version of the final draft. In their book, Strunk and White say, “the first principle of composition is to foresee or determine the shape of what is to

Screenplay
different, specialized format that derives from stage plays and radio. In this format, dialogue is double-spaced, action lines are capitalized, and scene headings, character entrances and exits, and sound effects are capitalized and underlined. Drama series and sitcoms are no longer the only formats that require the skills of a writer. With reality-based programming crossing genres to create various hybrid programs, many of the so-called ""reality"" programs are in a large part scripted in format. That is, the overall skeleton of the show and its episodes are written to dictate the content and direction of the program. The Writers Guild

"Writing process"
writer's task is now to make changes that will improve the communication with the reader. Depending on the genre, the writer may choose to adhere to the conventions of Standard English. These conventions are still being developed and the rulings on controversial issues may vary depending on the source. For example, Strunk and White's ""Elements of Style"", first published in 1918, is considered by some to be an authority on stylistic conventions, but has been derided by linguist Geoffrey K. Pullum as ""stupid"". A more recent handbook for students is Diana Hacker's ""A Writer's Reference"". An electronic resource is the

Writer
start their careers by writing the screenplay speculatively; that is, they write a script with no advance payment, solicitation or contract. On the other hand, they may be employed or commissioned to adapt the work of a playwright or novelist or other writer. Self-employed writers who are paid by contract to write are known as freelancers and screenwriters often work under this type of arrangement. Screenwriters, playwrights and other writers are inspired by the great themes and often use similar and familiar plot devices to explore them. For example, in Shakespeare's ""Hamlet"" is a ""play within a play"", which the

process is discussed as having distinct stages, in reality, they often overlap and circle back on one another. Prewriting varies depending on the writing task or rhetorical mode. Fiction requires more imagination, while informational essays or expository writing require stronger organization. Persuasive writing must consider not just the information to be communicated, but how best to change the reader’s ideas or convictions. Folktales will require extensive reading of the genre to learn common conventions. Each writing task will require a different selection of prewriting strategies, used in a different order. Technological tools are often used in prewriting tasks, including word

processors, spreadsheets and publishing programs; however, technology appears to be more useful in the revision, editing and publishing phases of prewriting. Teaching writing as a process is accepted pedagogical practice, but there is increasing concern that writing tests do not allow for the full writing process, especially cutting short the time needed for prewriting tasks. Prewriting Prewriting is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing. Prewriting can consist of a combination of outlining, diagramming, storyboarding, clustering (for a technique similar to clustering, see mindmapping). Prewriting usually begins with motivation and audience awareness:

Novelization
Novelization A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, comic book or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline. Novelizations of films began to be produced in the 1910s and 1920s for silent films such as ""Les Vampires"" (1915–16) and ""London After

"Sketch story"
Sketch story A sketch story, literary sketch or simply sketch, is a piece of writing that is generally shorter than a short story, and contains very little, if any, plot. The genre was invented in the 16th century in England, as a result of increasing public interest in realistic depictions of ""exotic"" locales. The term was most popularly used in the late nineteenth century. As a literary work, it is also often referred to simply as ""the sketch"". A sketch is mainly descriptive, either of places (travel sketch) or of people (character sketch). Writers of sketches like Washington Irving clearly

Screenwriter
Screenwriter A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter for short), scriptwriter or scenarist, is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs and video games, are based. Screenwriting is a freelance profession. No education is required to become a professional screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities and imagination. Screenwriters are not hired employees but contracted freelancers. Most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation (spec) and so write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script. What

"One More Light"
One More Light One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on May 19, 2017, through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop. It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017. The band recorded the album between September 2015 and February 2017 in multiple studios. Band members Brad Delson and Mike Shinoda served as the album's primary producers. The sound of ""One More Light"" has been described as being more pop-focused, departing from the alternative metal sound of their previous album, ""The Hunting

later on. The album performed well commercially, debuting at number one in several countries; it became the band's fifth number-one album on the ""Billboard"" 200, as well. It was certified gold in three countries and silver by the BPI in the UK. Despite a positive commercial performance, it received mixed reviews from music critics. This, along with accusations of selling out, prompted an angry response from Bennington. In 2014, Linkin Park released their sixth studio album ""The Hunting Party"". The album, produced by Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, marked a shift from the overall rock sound in their previous albums

people are still coming to see you to hear the music. Give it a little time, you have to give it a little time."" Bennington later responded that he agreed with Taylor's statements, saying: Notes Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Linkin Park Additional musicians Technical One More Light One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on May 19, 2017, through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop. It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017. The band recorded the album

"One More Light (song)"
One More Light (song) ""One More Light"" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth and title track from their seventh studio album of the same name, as well as their last single with Chester Bennington. The song was co-written with Eg White about a friend of the band, Amy Zarat, who had died of cancer. The song was released to US contemporary hit radio on October 3, 2017 as the album's third single. It is Bennington's second posthumously released single. The music video for this song was also voted #1 in a poll of

Additional musicians Production One More Light (song) ""One More Light"" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth and title track from their seventh studio album of the same name, as well as their last single with Chester Bennington. The song was co-written with Eg White about a friend of the band, Amy Zarat, who had died of cancer. The song was released to US contemporary hit radio on October 3, 2017 as the album's third single. It is Bennington's second posthumously released single. The music video for this song was also voted #1 in

song was written by Linkin Park with Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter, while Emily Wright and Andrew Bolooki handled vocal production. The band released a second track from the album, ""Battle Symphony"", on March 16, 2017, with an accompanying lyric video. A third track from the album, ""Good Goodbye"", was released for download on April 13, 2017, along with an accompanying lyric video followed by a music video. The song features American rapper Pusha T and English hip hop artist Stormzy. On May 10, 2017, the band put out one final pre-release track, ""Invisible"", with an accompanying lyric video. ""Talking

"One More Light Live"
One More Light Live One More Light Live is the third live CD compilation by American rock band Linkin Park, released on December 15, 2017. Recorded during the band's European leg of their ""One More Light Tour"" in 2017, this is the first release since the death of lead singer Chester Bennington. Linkin Park started their album tour in Buenos Aires, Argentina on May 6, 2017 at the Maximus Festival. They continued on with playing three more shows on the South American run before returning to the United States to play a few promo shows, including a performance on ""Jimmy

""Waiting for the End"" and ""Powerless"", as well the band themselves through the years. On making the music video, Hahn said: Mike Shinoda commented: Upon its release, the video racked up 3 million views on YouTube in the first 24 hours. As of July 28, 2018, the video has reached over 100 million views. On 3 October 2017, Linkin Park uploaded an official lyric video to YouTube. This video was created by Nicola Drilling and fans of Linkin Park from around the world. As of June 8, 2018, the lyric video has more than 5 million views on YouTube. Band

and all the lyrics, a unique 2.4"" × 1.8"" instant photo of the band, and a gold enamel pin set featuring a Linkin Park pin, a LP Hex logo pin, and a ""OML"" logo pin. It also included both the CD and vinyl versions of the album as well as the ""One More Light"" T-shirt. The first single, ""Heavy"", was released via Los Angeles radio station KROQ on February 16, 2017. The track is a duet with American singer and songwriter Kiiara, marking the first time a Linkin Park song from a studio album has featured a female vocalist. The

Party"" (2014). The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T, Stormzy, and Kiiara, and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Ross Golan, Andrew Goldstein, blackbear, and Eg White. The album is also the band's first to feature a title track, as they felt that the song ""One More Light"" was the heart of the album. The album's lead single, ""Heavy"", featuring Kiiara, was released on February 16, 2017. ""Battle Symphony"", ""Good Goodbye"", and ""Invisible"" were released as promotional singles prior to the album's release. ""Talking to Myself"" and ""One More Light"" were released as radio singles

created propaganda to support the war effort & encourage the sale of war bonds

bonds so as to keep the program voluntary. The War Advertising Board did its best to convince people that buying bonds was a patriotic act, giving buyers a stake in the war. Advertisements were initially used on radio and in newspapers, but later magazines were also used, with both government and private companies producing the advertisements. The Writers' War Board was founded for the purpose of writing copy for war bond ads. War bond rallies and drives were common, and were staged at many social events. Teachers passed out booklets to children to allow them to save toward a bond

"Propaganda in World War I"
in achieving the salvation of Europe from the German and enemy forces. In his book titled ""How we Advertised America"", Creel states that the committee was called into existence to make World War I a fight that would be a ""verdict for mankind."" He called the committee a voice that was created to plead the justice of America's cause before the jury of public opinion. Creel also refers to the committee as a ""vast enterprise in salesmenship"" and ""the world's greatest adventure in advertising."" The committee's message resonated deep within every American community and also served as an organization responsible

"War bond"
outstanding war loans on 9 March 2015. In 1917 and 1918, the United States government issued Liberty Bonds to raise money for its involvement in World War I. An aggressive campaign was created by Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo to popularize the bonds, grounded largely as patriotic appeals. The Treasury Department worked closely with the Committee on Public Information in developing Liberty Bond campaigns. The resulting propaganda messages often borrowed heavily from military colloquial speech. The government used famous artists to make posters, and used movie stars to host bond rallies. Al Jolson, Elsie Janis, Mary Pickford, Douglas

"War bond"
Bonds after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, which resulted in the United States entering the war. The War Finance Committee was placed in charge of supervising the sale of all bonds, and the War Advertising Council promoted voluntary compliance with bond buying. Popular contemporary art was used to help promote the bonds such as ""Any Bonds Today?"", a Warner Brothers theatrical cartoon. More than a quarter of a billion dollars' worth of advertising was donated during the first three years of the National Defense Savings Program. The government appealed to the public through popular culture.

by purchasing war bond stamps. Marlene Dietrich and many other female movie stars sold many thousands of dollars worth of war bonds. The Little Orphan Annie radio show urged its young listeners to sell war stamps and war bonds. Even product ads often contained the slogan, ""Buy War Bonds and Stamps!"". Enrolling in payroll deduction plans to buy war bonds was also urged through the media. One hundred and thirty-five billion dollars worth of liberty bonds were sold, most of which were purchased by banks, insurance companies and corporations. However, individuals purchased $36 billion in bonds, with children accounting for

"Propaganda in the United States"
Propaganda in the United States Propaganda in the United States is spread by both government and media entities. Propaganda is information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to influence opinions. It is used in advertising, radio, newspaper, posters, books, television and other media and may provide either factual or non-factual information to its audiences. The first large-scale use of propaganda by the U.S. government came during World War I. The government enlisted the help of citizens and children to help promote war bonds and stamps to help stimulate the economy. To keep the prices of war supplies down (guns, gunpowder,

"War bond"
Norman Rockwell's painting series, the ""Four Freedoms"", toured in a war bond effort that raised $. Bond rallies were held throughout the country with famous celebrities, usually Hollywood film stars, to enhance the bond advertising effectiveness. Many motion pictures during the time, especially war dramas (a form of propaganda itself), included a graphic shown during the closing credits advising patrons to ""Buy War Bonds and Stamps"", which were sometimes sold in the lobby of the theater. The Music Publishers Protective Association encouraged its members to include patriotic messages on the front of their sheet music like ""Buy U.S. Bonds and

the message instead of the truth. Propaganda in the United States Propaganda in the United States is spread by both government and media entities. Propaganda is information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to influence opinions. It is used in advertising, radio, newspaper, posters, books, television and other media and may provide either factual or non-factual information to its audiences. The first large-scale use of propaganda by the U.S. government came during World War I. The government enlisted the help of citizens and children to help promote war bonds and stamps to help stimulate the economy. To keep the prices

American propaganda during World War II During active American involvement in World War II (1941–45), propaganda was used to increase support for the war and commitment to an Allied victory. Using a vast array of media, propagandists instigated hatred for the enemy and support for America's allies, urged greater public effort for war production and victory gardens, persuaded people to save some of their material so that more material could be used for the war effort, and sold war bonds. Patriotism became the central theme of advertising throughout the war, as large scale campaigns were launched to sell war bonds,

expedient means of transmitting news from Europe to press outlets in the United States. This was done as a way to influence reporting of the war around the world and to gain sympathy and support from the other nations. In 1914, a secret British organization by the name of Wellington House was set up, calling for journalists and newspaper editors to write articles which sympathized with Britain as a way to counter the statements being made by the enemy. Wellington House implemented this action not only through favorable reports in the press of neutral countries, but also by publishing its

Montana
the original name of Montana was adopted. Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north. With an area of , Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; it is the largest landlocked U.S. state. The state's topography is

Montana
roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the state's south-central part are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the state's north-central portion, and isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. About 60 percent of

Montana
by western prairie terrain and badlands. Montana is bordered by Idaho to the west, Wyoming to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan to the north. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, hard rock mining, and lumber. The health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the state's economy. The state's fastest-growing sector is tourism. Nearly 13 million tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, the Beartooth Highway,

Montana
the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. The Bitterroot Mountains—one of the longest continuous ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska to Mexico—along with smaller ranges, including the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the Cabinet Mountains, divide the state from Idaho. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. Other major mountain ranges west of the Divide include the Cabinet Mountains, the Anaconda Range, the Missions, the Garnet Range, Sapphire Mountains, and Flint Creek Range. The Divide's northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain

Montana
Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. Areas managed by the National Park Service include: Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and altitude, and the climate is, therefore, equally varied. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under to nearly above sea level. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large

Montana
National Park, ""The Crown of the Continent""; and portions of Yellowstone National Park, including three of the park's five entrances. Other federally recognized sites include the Little Bighorn National Monument, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Big Hole National Battlefield, and the National Bison Range. Approximately , or 35 percent of Montana's land is administered by federal or state agencies. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers of forest land in ten National Forests. There are approximately of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964.

"History of Montana"
Act of the Territory of Montana defines the boundary as extending from the modern intersection of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming at: the forty-fourth degree and thirty minutes of north latitude; thence due west along said forty-fourth degree and thirty minutes of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest of the Bitter Root Mountains to its intersection with the thirty-ninth degree of longitude west from Washington; thence along said thirty-ninth

Montana
and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over high in the continental United States. It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, high. North of these ranges are the Big Belt Mountains, Bridger Mountains, Tobacco Roots, and several island ranges, including the Crazy Mountains and Little Belt Mountains. Between many mountain ranges are rich river valleys. The Big Hole Valley, Bitterroot Valley, Gallatin Valley, Flathead Valley, and Paradise Valley have extensive agricultural resources and multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation. East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern

Montana
Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains, Bull Mountains, Castle Mountains, Crazy Mountains, Highwood Mountains, Judith Mountains, Little Belt Mountains, Little Rocky Mountains, the Pryor Mountains, Snowy Mountains, Sweet Grass Hills, and—in the state's southeastern corner near Ekalaka—the Long Pines. Many of these isolated eastern ranges were created about 120 to 66 million years ago when magma welling up from the interior cracked and bowed the earth's surface here. The area east of the divide in the state' north-central portion is known for the

Montana
Montana Montana () is a state in the Northwestern United States. Montana has several nicknames, although none are official, including ""Big Sky Country"" and ""The Treasure State"", and slogans that include ""Land of the Shining Mountains"" and more recently ""The Last Best Place"". Montana is the 4th largest in area, the 8th least populous, and the 3rd least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized

"Edinburgh Festival Fringe"
Edinburgh Festival Fringe The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (often referred to as simply The Fringe or Edinburgh Festival) is the world's largest arts festival, which in 2018 spanned 25 days and featured more than 55,000 performances of 3,548 different shows in 317 venues. Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival, it takes place annually in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the month of August. It is an open access (or ""unjuried"") performing arts festival, meaning there is no selection committee, and anyone may participate, with any type of performance. The official Fringe Programme categorises shows into sections for theatre,

Fringe 2,696,884 tickets for 53,232 performances of 3,398 shows. In addition to ticketed, programmed events, the Fringe Street Events hosted by Virgin Money run each day of the festival, primarily on the Royal Mile and at the Mound Precinct. Edinburgh Festival Fringe The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (often referred to as simply The Fringe or Edinburgh Festival) is the world's largest arts festival, which in 2018 spanned 25 days and featured more than 55,000 performances of 3,548 different shows in 317 venues. Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival, it takes place annually in Edinburgh, Scotland, in

"Edinburgh International Book Festival"
locations in Scotland (Aberdeen, Greenock and Galashiels). This expansion was partially funded by the People's Postcode Lottery. The Book Festival is primarily held in a set of marquees in Charlotte Square Gardens, Edinburgh, at the West End of George Street. Since 2017, the event and some venues have expanded into George Street, partly to cope with visitor numbers but also to reduce the festival's impact on the privately-owned gardens. As with all large and successful festivals, the EIBF has sprouted a number of fringe events over the years. In 2004 and 2006 an event called Thirsty Lunch promoted itself as

comedy, dance, physical theatre, circus, cabaret, children's shows, musicals, opera, music, spoken word, exhibitions and events. Comedy is the largest section, making up over one-third of the programme and the one that in modern times has the highest public profile, due in part to the Edinburgh Comedy Awards. The Festival is supported by the Festival Fringe Society, which publishes the programme, sells tickets to all events from a central physical box office and website, and offers year-round advice and support to performers. The Society's permanent location is at the Fringe Shop on the Royal Mile, and in August they also

"Edinburgh International Festival"
office and information centre in The Hub, a converted church on Castlehill, directly below Edinburgh Castle. Originally built as the Tolbooth Church (1842-44) to house the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, its tall gothic spire is the highest point in central Edinburgh (outside of the Castle) and a landmark visible for miles around. The Edinburgh International Festival was brought forward to coincide with the Fringe in 2015. The principal venues of the Festival are: About ten other festivals are held in Edinburgh at about the same time as the International Festival. Collectively, the entire group is referred to

Edinburgh
Edinburgh Military Tattoo and the Edinburgh International Book Festival. The longest established of these festivals is the Edinburgh International Festival, which was first held in 1947 and consists mainly of a programme of high-profile theatre productions and classical music performances, featuring international directors, conductors, theatre companies and orchestras. This has since been overtaken both in size and popularity by the Edinburgh Fringe which began as a programme of marginal acts alongside the ""official"" Festival and has become the world's largest performing arts festival. In 2017, nearly 3400 different shows were staged in 300 venues across the city. Comedy has become

wholly professional. In 2018 there were more than 3,500 shows registered in the programme taking place in 317 different venues. The main venue operators can broadly be split into four groups: There also continue to be single, independent venues, sometimes only hosting one show, sometimes only for a limited period. Many notable original shows originated at the Fringe and it has helped establish the careers of many writers and performers, including Rowan Atkinson, Steven Berkoff, Jo Brand, Billy Connolly, Ben Elton, Eddie Izzard, Tim Minchin, and Tadeusz Kantor. In 1960, Alan Bennett, Dudley Moore, Peter Cook and Jonathan Miller performed

groups that operate the venues are also diverse: some are commercial and others not-for-profit; some operate year-round, while others exist only to run venues at the Fringe. Some are local, others are based in London and elsewhere and transfer to Edinburgh for August. From the performers' perspective, the decision on where to perform is typically based on a mixture of cost, location (close proximity to the main Fringe hubs around the University is seen as an advantage), and the philosophy of the venue – some of whom specialise in amateur, school or college productions, some of whom are semi or

"Edinburgh Mela"
an area where toddlers can enjoy and learn about different cultures of the world. Edinburgh Mela The Edinburgh Mela is an annual multi-cultural festival held in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is one of the 12 festivals that make up the Edinburgh Festival. The first ""mela"", a Sanskrit word meaning ""gathering"" or ""to meet"", was held in 1995 at Meadowbank Stadium, and was organised by members of the city's minority ethnic communities. The festival moved to Pilrig Park in 2000, and to Leith Links in 2010. Running over three days in September, the event attracts around 20 to 25,000 people each year.

Edinburgh
one of the mainstays of the Fringe, with numerous well-known comedians getting their first 'break' there, often by being chosen to receive the Edinburgh Comedy Award. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo, occupies the Castle Esplanade every night for three weeks each August, with massed pipe bands and military bands drawn from around the world. Performances end with a short fireworks display. As well as the various summer festivals, many other festivals are held during the rest of the year, including the Edinburgh International Film Festival and Edinburgh International Science Festival. The annual Edinburgh Hogmanay celebration was originally an informal street party

"Post-Mauryan coinage"
northwest, local India tribes started to mint their own coins, often in a style reminiscent of the Indo-Greeks. The silver coins of these tribes especially followed the Indo-Greek hemidrachm as well as the general design disposition of the coins (round legends surrounding central figures). Coinage started in the 2nd century BCE, and increased in the 1st century with the waning of Indo-Greek power in the area. The most significant tribes in this respect were, in the 2nd century, the Agreyas, the Rajenyas, the Sibis, the Yaudheyas and the Ksudrakas. In the 1st century BCE, they are the Audumbaras, the Kunindas,

another legend ""A DEO PAX & INCREMENTVM"" around it. After issuing coins for the East India Company for a number of years, the Surat mint finally came under direct control of the Company in 1800. Gold mohurs, silver rupees, and fractional values were struck in the name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II bearing the frozen regnal year 46. The Surat mint was finally closed down in 1815. A number of privy marks consisting of dots, crescents, and crown-like symbols were used and are helpful in correct attribution of the striking period and mint. Copper coinage : English machine

least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

the Vrishni, the Rajanyas and the Vemakas. In the 1st century CE, the Malavas and the Kalutas. The rulers of Mathura in the 1st century BCE, known as the Mitra dynasty, also issued some important coins. Indo-Greek coinage in Gandhara would continue for nearly two centuries, until it was taken over by the coinage of the Indo-Scythians, the Indo-Parthians and the Yuezhi (future Kushans). Their coinage was almost completely derived from that of the Indo-Greeks, including the usage of the Greek language on the obverse down to the 2nd century CE with the Kushan king Kanishka, or even the Western

how many games does a football team have to win to be bowl eligible

"Bowl eligibility"
non-losing, or .500, record can qualify for bowl games if their conference has a contract with a bowl game. Also, other teams with a minimum non-losing .500 record (i.e., 6–6) could earn bowl bids if all other FBS teams with winning records have been taken and postseason spots still remain vacant. In thirteen-game seasons (used because of conference championship games, or allowable for Hawaii and any of its home opponents in a given season), a team must win seven games. Occasionally, there will be more bowl eligible teams than there are spots in the NCAA football bowl games in the

Bowl eligibility Bowl eligibility in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level is the standard through which teams become available for selection to participate in postseason bowl games. When a team achieves this state, it is described as ""bowl-eligible"". For nearly a century, bowl games were the purview of only the very best teams, but a steady proliferation of new bowl games required 70 participating teams by the 2010–11 bowl season, then 80 participating teams by the 2015–16 bowl season. As a result, the NCAA has steadily reduced the criteria for bowl eligibility, allowing teams with a non-winning

one of the at-large positions. The various reductions in the bowl eligibility criteria are discussed below. For the 2018–19 bowl season, a team must meet the following criteria to participate in a bowl game: If there are not enough eligible teams to fill all the bowl slots, additional teams may be selected, according to the following priorities, which must be applied in descending order: On April 26, 2006, the NCAA announced that they were relaxing the rules for eligibility starting with the 2006–07 bowl season, particularly in light of the new twelve-game college football season. Now, teams with a minimum

(6–6) record in 2010, further reducing to allow teams with outright losing records (5-7) to be invited by 2012. For the 2016–17 bowl season, 25% of the bowl participants (20 teams) did not have a winning record. Current regulations have also lowered the criteria to allow a team to include one win against teams in the lower FCS Division. Teams that are bowl eligible will usually either play in one of the bowl games that its conference is affiliated with based on conference tie-ins or the team will be chosen from the pool of remaining bowl eligible teams to fill

season. In these cases, some bowl eligible teams will not be invited to play in any NCAA football bowl game. Typically, teams with seven or more wins will not be left out of bowl games, although there are times, most recently the 2012–13 bowl season, that see at least one such team uninvited. Before the 2010–11 bowl season, the Division I rulebook, specifically Bylaw 30.9.2.1, had several provisions that attempted to ensure that teams with seven wins will receive preference for bowl bids: In the 2008–09 bowl season, these rules affected bowls contracted to the Big 12 and Pac-10, which

Board of Directors approved a significant change to the process to determine bowl eligible teams, going so far as to potentially allow 5–7 teams to go to a bowl, in case there were not enough regular bowl-eligible teams to fill every game. If a bowl has one or more conferences/teams unable to meet their contractual commitments and there are no available bowl-eligible teams, the open spots can be filled – by the particular bowl's sponsoring agencies – as follows: The 2015–16 bowl season featured a record 40 bowl games, and three teams with losing records (San Jose State, Minnesota, and

have both used it for such division champions, UCLA in 2011 and Georgia Tech in 2012, both of which were 6–6 and advanced to the conference championship game as a result of sanctions to the division winning teams (USC in the 2011 Pac-12 South, North Carolina and Miami in the 2012 ACC Coastal). Both lost in their conference championship games, but the NCAA awarded both waivers. Starting with the 2013–14 bowl season, this waiver is established by rule and all 6–6 teams participating in a conference championship game will be bowl eligible. On August 2, 2012, the NCAA Division I

by teams with winning or .500 records; UTSA at 6–5 did not receive a bowl bid, while 15 teams with 6–6 records were selected. The 2018–19 bowl season again filled all slots for 39 bowl games with teams having winning or .500 records. One team with a winning record, Southern Miss at 6–5, did not receive a bowl invitation, while there were 10 teams with 6–6 records selected. The following teams entered bowl games with losing records. Bowl eligibility Bowl eligibility in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level is the standard through which teams become available for

"Eligible receiver"
eligible receivers if a pass is touched by a member of the defensive team. In high school football, the rules of eligibility are roughly the same as in the college game. However, as of February 1999, at least five players must wear numbers between 50 and 79 on first, second, or third down, which by rule would make them ineligible receivers. This was because of a change in the definition of a scrimmage-kick formation made by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). The change was intended to close a loophole in the rules which allowed teams to

new rule is still largely consistent with the NCAA rules in all other team sports, where a team that has a losing record that wins their conference championship through the conference tournament earns the automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The NCAA typically awarded waivers in extenuating circumstances when a 6–6 team played in a conference championship game as a result of the division winning team being ineligible because of sanctions. This prevents the conference championship game from affecting bowl eligibility of team that advances to the conference championship in case of division-winning teams being sanctioned. The Pac-12 and ACC

"The Canterbury Tales"
the barmaid, but faces problems dealing with the man in her life and the innkeeper Harry Bailey. As the pilgrims turn back home, the Merchant restarts the storytelling with ""Tale of Beryn"". In this tale, a young man named Beryn travels from Rome to Egypt to seek his fortune only to be cheated by other businessmen there. He is then aided by a local man in getting his revenge. The tale comes from the French tale ""Bérinus"" and exists in a single early manuscript of the tales, although it was printed along with the tales in a 1721 edition by

making their way to Canterbury together. The film's main story takes place in an imaginary town in Kent and ends with the main characters arriving at Canterbury Cathedral, bells pealing and Chaucer's words again resounding. ""A Canterbury Tale"" is recognised as one of the Powell-Pressburger team's most poetic and artful films. It was produced as wartime propaganda, using Chaucer's poetry, referring to the famous pilgrimage, and offering photography of Kent to remind the public of what made Britain worth fighting for. In one scene a local historian lectures an audience of British soldiers about the pilgrims of Chaucer's time and

"A Canterbury Tale"
to help keep the local women faithful to their absent British boyfriends. In Colpeper's words, Chaucer's pilgrims travelled to Canterbury to ""receive a blessing, or to do penance"". On arriving in the city of Canterbury, devastated by wartime bombing, all three young people receive blessings of their own. Alison discovers that her boyfriend, believed killed in the war, has survived after all; his father, who had blocked their marriage because he thought his son could do better than a shopgirl, finally relents. Bob receives long-delayed letters from his sweetheart, who is now a WAC in Australia. Peter, a cinema organist

The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales () is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, ""The Canterbury Tales"". The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from London to Canterbury to visit

"General Prologue"
General Prologue The General Prologue is the first part of Chaucer's ""The Canterbury Tales"". The frame story of the poem, as set out in the 858 lines of Middle English which make up the General Prologue, is of a religious pilgrimage. The narrator, Geoffrey Chaucer, is in The Tabard Inn in Southwark, where he meets a group of ""sundry folk"" who are all on the way to Canterbury, the site of the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket, a martyr reputed to have the power of healing the sinful. The setting is April, and the prologue starts by singing the praises

Matter of Life and Death"". The story concerns three young people: British Army Sergeant Peter Gibbs (Dennis Price), U.S. Army Sergeant Bob Johnson (played by real-life Sergeant John Sweet), and a ""Land Girl"", Miss Alison Smith (Sheila Sim). The group arrive at the railway station in the fictitious small Kent town of Chillingbourne (filmed in Chilham, Fordwich, Wickhambreaux and other villages in the area), near Canterbury, late on Friday night, 27 August 1943. Peter has been stationed at a nearby Army camp, Alison is due to start working on a farm in the area, and Bob left the train by

Canterbury Tales"" to a cross section of people, all snow-sports enthusiasts but from different social backgrounds, converging on a remote back-country ski cabin in British Columbia in the 2011 novel ""The Canterbury Trail"". ""The Two Noble Kinsmen"", by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, a retelling of ""The Knight's Tale"", was first performed in 1613 or 1614 and published in 1634. In 1961, Erik Chisholm completed his opera, ""The Canterbury Tales"". The opera is in three acts: The Wyf of Bath’s Tale, The Pardoner’s Tale and The Nun’s Priest’s Tale. Nevill Coghill's modern English version formed the basis of a musical

"The Prelude"
journey whose end is 'to arrive where we started / And know that place for the first time' (T. S. Eliot, ""Little Gidding"", lines 241-42). ""The Prelude"" opens with a literal journey [during his manhood] whose chosen goal [...] is the Vale of Grasmere. ""The Prelude"" narrates a number of later journeys, most notably the crossing of the Alps in Book VI and, in the beginning of the final book, the climactic ascent of Snowdon. In the course of the poem, such literal journeys become the metaphorical vehicle for a spiritual journey—the quest within the poet's memory [...]"". The Prelude

actually in Fordwich. Selling Station appears in the film as ""Chillingbourne"" Station at the beginning of the film. Bob and Alison ride on a cart through the village, the local Wickhambreaux Mill can be clearly seen. Colpeper's house was the still extant Wickhambreaux Court. A local Wingham village pub ""The Red Lion"" was used for some exterior shots of ""The Hand of Glory"" inn where Bob stays whilst in the village. Other exterior shots of ""The Hand of Glory"" were filmed at ""The George & Dragon"", Fordwich. Before the credits, the following acknowledgement appears over an image of the cathedral

the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return. After a long list of works written earlier in his career, including ""Troilus and Criseyde"", ""House of Fame"", and ""Parliament of Fowls"", ""The Canterbury Tales"" is near-unanimously seen as Chaucer's ""magnum opus"". He uses the tales and descriptions of its characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Chaucer's use of such a wide range of classes and types of people was

Before naming James to the 2008 Olympic team, Team USA managing director Jerry Colangelo and coach Mike Krzyzewski gave James an ultimatum to improve his attitude, and he heeded their advice. At the FIBA Americas Championship 2007, he averaged 18.1 points, 3.6 rebounds, and 4.7 assists per game, including a 31-point performance against Argentina in the championship game, the most ever by an American in an Olympic qualifier. Team USA went 10–0, winning the gold medal and qualifying for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China. James credited the team's attitude and experience for their improvement, saying: ""I don't think we

Ronaldo and Lionel Messi). James has stated that he would like to own an NBA team in the future, albeit in a hands-off capacity. James and comedian Jimmy Kimmel co-hosted the 2007 ESPY Awards. In other comedic pursuits, he hosted the 33rd-season premiere of ""Saturday Night Live"". He has also tried his hand at acting, appearing in a cameo role on the HBO series ""Entourage"". In 2015, he played himself in the Judd Apatow film ""Trainwreck"", receiving positive reviews for his performance. That same year, James's digital video company, Uninterrupted, raised $15.8 million from Warner Bros. Entertainment and Turner Sports

19 rebounds, 10 assists, and nine turnovers in the losing effort. James became an unrestricted free agent at 12:01 am EDT on July 1, 2010. During this time, he was contacted by several teams, including the Bulls, Los Angeles Clippers, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, New Jersey Nets, and Cavaliers. On July 8, he announced on a live ESPN special titled ""The Decision"" that he would sign with the Heat. The telecast was broadcast from the Boys & Girls Club of Greenwich, Connecticut and raised $2.5 million for the charity. An additional $3.5 million was raised from advertising revenue, which

free agency period, he quickly gained a reputation as one of America's most disliked athletes, a radical change from years prior. The phrase ""taking my talents to South Beach"" became a punch line for critics. In retrospect, James has expressed some regret over his handling of ""The Decision"". James officially signed with the Heat on July 10, 2010. With the move, he became only the third reigning MVP to change teams and the first since Moses Malone in 1982. That evening, the Heat threw a welcome party for their new ""big three"" at the American Airlines Arena, an event that

series, he was criticized for his lack of aggressiveness and poor shot selection as Miami fell behind 2–3. In Game 6, he recorded his second triple-double of the series, including 16 fourth quarter points, to lead the Heat to a comeback victory. In Game 7, he tied the Finals record for most points scored in a Game 7 victory, leading Miami over San Antonio with 37 points. He was named Finals MVP for the second straight season, averaging 25.3 points, 10.9 rebounds, 7 assists, and 2.3 steals per game for the championship round. On March 3 of the 2013–14 season,

limited playing time was a ""lowlight"" and believed he was not given ""a fair opportunity to play"". His attitude during the Olympics was described as ""disrespectful"" and ""distasteful"" by columnists Adrian Wojnarowski and Peter Vecsey, respectively. At the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan, James took on a greater role for Team USA, averaging 13.9 points, 4.8 rebounds, and 4.1 assists per game as co-captain. The team finished the tournament with an 8–1 record, winning another bronze medal. James's behavior was again questioned, this time by teammate Bruce Bowen, who confronted James during tryouts regarding his treatment of staff members.

a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2016–17 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 35,838 for Premier League matches with an aggregate attendance of 13,618,596. This represents an increase of 14,712 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the Premier League's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season, the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then

points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column. League or status at 2018–19: Premier League records and statistics The top tier of English football was renamed the Premier League for the start of the 1992–93 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Premier League. Players currently

"White Christmas (weather)"
every 6 years. Christmas 2009 was a white Christmas in some parts of Britain, with thick lying snow which easterly winds had brought over the previous week. Travel over much of Britain was badly affected by ice and snow on roads, and was made more slippery by partial daytime thaw followed by overnight refreezing. It was the first white Christmas anywhere in the United Kingdom since 2004. There was another white Christmas in 2010, it was also the coldest Christmas day ever recorded in the United Kingdom. In 2014, parts of the Northern Isles had a white Christmas and again

UK"", but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London. By the newer measure, over half of all years have white Christmases, with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years A more ""traditional"" idea of snow-covered ground is less common, however, with only 4 occasions in the 51 years reporting snow on the ground at 9am at more than 40% of weather stations. Although most places in the UK do tend to see some snow in the winter, it generally falls in January and February. However white Christmases do occur, on average

"Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland"
Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland The winter of 2009–10 in the United Kingdom (also called The Big Freeze of 2010 by British media) was a meteorological event that started on 16 December 2009, as part of the severe winter weather in Europe. January 2010 was provisionally the coldest January since 1987 across the country. A persistent pattern of cold northerly and easterly winds brought cold, moist air to the United Kingdom with many snow showers, fronts and polar lows bringing snowy weather with it. The first snowfall began on 17 December 2009, before a respite over the

in 2017, Northern England and Southern Scotland had a white Christmas. In Ireland, the prospect of early winter snow is always remote due to the country's mild and wet climate (snowfall is most common in January and February). Bookmakers offer odds every year for a white Christmas, which is officially lying snow being recorded at 09:00 local time on Christmas Day, and recorded at either Dublin Airport or Cork Airport (bets are offered for each airport). Since 1961, countrywide, snow has ""fallen"" on 17 Christmas Days (1961, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1980, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,

of North Yorkshire, particularly the Harrogate area, experienced heavy snowfall during the day. On Christmas Day parts of Britain had a White Christmas for the first time since 2004 after snow fell in parts of Scotland, parts of northern and central England and north Wales. A man in Leeds, West Yorkshire froze to death after spending 24 hours in his car. A total of 21 people were reported to have died during the cold snap in the UK. Many parts of northwestern Ireland had a white Christmas also, whilst freezing rain affected most other parts of the state. On Boxing

Christmas period. The most severe snowy weather began on 5 January in North West England and west Scotland with temperatures hitting a low of in Greater Manchester, England. The snow spread to Southern England on 6 January and by 7 January the United Kingdom was blanketed in snow, which was captured by NASA's Terra satellite. The thaw came a week later, as temperatures started to increase. The winter weather brought widespread transport disruption, school closures, power failures, the postponement of sporting events and 25 deaths. A low of was recorded in Altnaharra, Scotland on 8 January 2010. Overall it was

cancelled due to heavy snow on the ground. Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland The winter of 2009–10 in the United Kingdom (also called The Big Freeze of 2010 by British media) was a meteorological event that started on 16 December 2009, as part of the severe winter weather in Europe. January 2010 was provisionally the coldest January since 1987 across the country. A persistent pattern of cold northerly and easterly winds brought cold, moist air to the United Kingdom with many snow showers, fronts and polar lows bringing snowy weather with it. The first snowfall began on

"Winter of 2010–11 in Great Britain and Ireland"
Winter of 2010–11 in Great Britain and Ireland The winter of 2010–11 was a weather event that brought heavy snowfalls, record low temperatures, travel chaos and school disruption to the islands of Britain and Ireland. It included the United Kingdom's coldest December since Met Office records began in 1910, with a mean temperature of -1 °C, breaking the previous record of 0.1 °C in December 1981. Also it was the second-coldest December in the narrower Central England Temperature (CET) record series which began in 1659, falling 0.1 °C short of the all-time record set in 1890. The winter of 2010

"February 2009 Great Britain and Ireland snowfall"
£1.2 billion, although this may be underestimated. The adverse weather conditions caused schools in some areas of the United Kingdom to close during 2, 3 and 5 February in the Midlands. A winter storm swept across the south of England on 9–10 February bringing heavy rain and snow, which caused flooding in southern England. In France, Paris's Charles de Gaulle Airport was closed. In Aviemore, in the Scottish Highlands, a temperature of — according to the Met Office, was recorded; the lowest temperature recorded in the UK since 2003. The maximum depth of the event was in Okehampton, Devon on

"Winter of 1962–63 in the United Kingdom"
1962–63, as was the winter of 1779–80 in Scotland and 1894–95 in Northern Ireland. This winter remains the coldest since at least 1895 in all meteorological districts of the United Kingdom except Scotland North, where the two winters of 1978–79 and 2009–10 were marginally colder. The beginning of December was very foggy, with London suffering its last great smog before clean air legislation and the reduction in the use of coal fires had their full effect. A short wintry outbreak brought snow to the country on 12–13 December. A very cold easterly set in on 22 December as an anticyclone

response, the studio demanded that theaters order ""Star Wars"" if they wanted the eagerly anticipated ""The Other Side of Midnight"" based on the novel by the same name. ""Star Wars"" debuted on Wednesday, May 25, 1977, in fewer than 32 theaters, and eight more on Thursday and Friday. Kurtz said in 2002, ""That would be laughable today."" It immediately broke box office records, effectively becoming one of the first blockbuster films, and Fox accelerated plans to broaden its release. Lucas himself was not able to predict how successful ""Star Wars"" would be. After visiting the set of the Steven Spielberg

directing ""American Graffiti"" (1973), he wrote a two-page synopsis titled ""Journal of the Whills"", which 20th Century Fox decided to invest in. By 1974, he had expanded the story into the first draft of a screenplay, and continued writing more polished drafts. Lucas negotiated to retain the sequel rights, and was offered an initial $150,000 to write, produce, and direct the film. ""Star Wars"" was released on May 25, 1977. Its success led Lucas to make it the basis of an elaborate film serial. With the backstory he created for the sequel, Lucas decided that the series would be a

Star Wars Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, created by George Lucas and centered around a film series that began with the eponymous 1977 movie. The saga quickly became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon. The first film was followed by two successful sequels, ""The Empire Strikes Back"" (1980) and ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983); these three films constitute the original ""Star Wars"" trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, albeit to mixed reactions from critics and fans. Finally, a sequel trilogy to conclude the nine-episode saga began in 2015 with """". The first eight

Star Wars Trilogy The ""Star Wars"" Trilogy, often colloquially referred to as the original trilogy, is the first set of three films produced in the ""Star Wars"" franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It was produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by 20th Century Fox, and consisted of the original ""Star Wars"" film (1977), ""The Empire Strikes Back"" (1980) and ""Return of the Jedi"" (1983). The original trilogy would be followed by a prequel trilogy between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy between 2015 and 2019. Collectively, they have been referred to as the ""Skywalker saga""

the film continuously for over a year; in 1978, Lucasfilm distributed ""Birthday Cake"" posters to those theaters for special events on May 25, the one-year anniversary of the film's release. ""Star Wars"" premiered in the UK on December 27, 1977. News reports of the film's popularity in America caused long lines to form at the two London theaters that first offered the film; it became available in 12 large cities in January 1978, and other London theaters in February. ""Star Wars"" was re-released theatrically in 1978, 1979, 1981 and 1982. After ILM used computer-generated effects for Steven Spielberg's 1993 film

in theatres in the United States on May 25, 1977. It earned $461 million in the U.S. and $314 million overseas, totaling $775 million. It surpassed ""Jaws"" (1975) to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of ""E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial"" (1982). When adjusted for inflation, ""Star Wars"" is the second-highest-grossing film in North America, and the third-highest-grossing film in the world. It received ten Academy Award nominations (including Best Picture), winning seven. It was among the first films to be selected as part of the U.S. Library of Congress's National Film Registry as being ""culturally, historically, or

make the movie."" Lucas was offered $50,000 to write, another $50,000 to produce, and $50,000 to direct the film. The offer was later increased. ""American Graffiti"" cast member Harrison Ford had given up on acting and become a carpenter whom Lucas hired for his home renovations, until Lucas decided to cast him as Han Solo. ""Star Wars"" was released on May 25, 1977. Its success led Lucas to make it the basis of an elaborate film serial. With the backstory he created for the sequel, Lucas decided that the series would be a trilogy of trilogies, with the original film

space opera. Originally, Lucas wanted to adapt the ""Flash Gordon"" space adventure comics and serials into his own films, having been fascinated by them since he was young. In 1979, he said, ""I especially loved the ""Flash Gordon"" serials ... Of course I realize now how crude and badly done they were ... loving them that much when they were so awful, I began to wonder what would happen if they were done really well."" At the Cannes Film Festival following the completion of ""THX 1138"", Lucas was granted a two-film development deal with United Artists; the two films were

In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequel trilogy would be ""unbelievably expensive."" The popularity of the franchise had been prolonged by the ""Star Wars"" expanded universe, so that it still had a large audience. A theatrical rerelease ""updated"" the original trilogy with the style of CGI envisioned for the new films. """" was released on May 19, 1999, and """" on May 16, 2002, both to mixed reviews. """", the first film in the franchise, was released on May 19, 2005. The plot of the trilogy focuses on the fall of the Galactic Republic, the formation of the Empire, and

"The Star (2017 film)"
Decker, Jake Owen, Kelsea Ballerini, Zara Larsson, Casting Crowns, Kirk Franklin, Fifth Harmony, Yolanda Adams, Saving Forever and Mariah Carey. Pentatonix also contributes a bonus track to the digital release of the album. In July 2016, the release date was set for November 10, 2017, but it was later pushed back to November 17, 2017. ""The Star"" had its world premiere in Los Angeles at the Regency Village Theater on November 12, 2017. The first trailer was released on July 26, 2017. On November 16, 2017, the official video for the song ""The Star"", performed by Mariah Carey, was made

available on her YouTube channel. ""The Star"" was released on digital on February 6, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 20, 2018 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. ""The Star"" has grossed $40.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $22 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $62.8 million, against a production budget of $20 million. In the United States and Canada, ""The Star"" was released alongside ""Justice League"" and ""Wonder"", and was projected to gross around $10 million from 2,800 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $2.8 million on its first day.

November 17, 2017 in the United States. The film received mixed reviews and grossed over $62 million worldwide. The film received a nomination for Best Original Song (""The Star"") at the 75th Golden Globe Awards. In ""9 months B.C."", Mary is visited by an angel telling her she will bear the Messiah. A pygmy jerboa named Abby overhears and tells the other animals as a star begins glowing brightly in the night. Six months later, a young donkey is tired of milling wheat and wishes to join a traveling caravan so that he may feel important. An older donkey helps

The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an original idea by Tom Sheridan, the screenplay was written by Carlos Kotkin and Simon Moore. It is produced by Sony Pictures Animation, with partnership from Walden Media, Affirm Films and The Jim Henson Company. It stars the voices of Steven Yeun, Gina Rodriguez, Zachary Levi, Keegan-Michael Key, Kelly Clarkson, Patricia Heaton, Kristin Chenoweth, Tracy Morgan, Tyler Perry, and Oprah Winfrey. The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on

as he felt that there was a lack of Christmas films centering on the Nativity of Jesus: ""It felt like an opportunity to be part of a movie that has not been done before, that's really going to fill a void."" The animation was produced by Cinesite Studios. Animation work began on January 2017. On January 5, 2017, it was reported that Oprah Winfrey and Tyler Perry would be in the film. The rest of the cast was announced on January 19, 2017. ""The Star (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)"" was released on October 27, 2017, including contributions from Jessie James

2015, ""Variety"" reported that Timothy Reckart would direct the film in his directing debut. On August 5, 2015, it was announced that the film, then titled ""The Lamb"", was given an official release date of December 8, 2017. On June 20, 2016, it was announced that Brian Henson and Lisa Henson from The Jim Henson Company would be executive producers for the film, now titled ""The Star"", making it the first Henson-produced film for Sony since ""The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland"" in 1999. In an interview with Animation Magazine, Reckart expressed that he felt encouraged to direct the film,

It ended up grossing $9.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing 6th at the box office. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an average rating of 44% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, """"The Star"" may not leave audiences singing 'Hallelujah', but its offbeat yet sincere approach to the nativity story makes for acceptably diverting holiday viewing."" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". Audiences

During the credits, it is shown in pictures that Joseph buys Bo from the miller, and both Bo and Dave help him and Mary raise Jesus. Innkeeper voices provided by Gregg Berger, Roger Craig Smith, Melissa Sturm, Fred Tatasciore, and Joe Whyte. The film's script was originally developed during the late 1990s by the Jim Henson Company, partially inspired by the success of the 1995 film ""Babe"". In September 2014, it was reported that DeVon Franklin would produce a faith-based film inspired by the Nativity story under his production company, Franklin Entertainment, in collaboration with Sony Pictures Animation. In April

polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A"" on an A+ to F scale. ""The A.V. Club""s Ignatiy Vishnevetsky criticized ""The Star"" as a ""rote cartoon feature"" existing for purely commercial reasons: ""...even the kid-friendliest, Sunday-school-iest kind of religious art can't spring from religion alone; it needs artistry, too. Otherwise, you end up with a generic product aimed at a market segment who'll buy anything as long as it seems sufficiently churchy."" The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an

"The Star (Mariah Carey song)"
The Star (Mariah Carey song) ""The Star"" is a song performed by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released on October 19, 2017, as the first release from the soundtrack of the film of the same name. The song was nominated for the Best Original Song at the 75th Golden Globe Awards. The song is performed in the key of B major with a tempo of 118 beats per minute. The first half of the final chorus is in the key of D major with the last half and outro of the song set in E major. Carey's vocals span

"2000 United States presidential election in Florida"
Al Gore, with New Mexico (5), Oregon (7), and Florida (25) too close to call that evening. Gore won New Mexico and Oregon over the following few days, but the result in Florida would have been decisive however those two states had voted. After an intense recount process and the United States Supreme Court's decision in ""Bush v. Gore"", Bush won Florida’s electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast and as a result became the president-elect. The process was extremely divisive, and led to calls for electoral reform in Florida. ""See also

2000 United States presidential election in Florida The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Florida, a swing state, had a major recount dispute that took center stage in the election. The outcome of the 2000 United States presidential election was not known for more than a month after balloting because of the extended process of counting and recounting Florida's presidential ballots. State results tallied on election night gave 246 electoral votes to Republican nominee Texas Governor George W. Bush and 255 to Democratic nominee Vice President

in any United States presidential election ever. Most of the reduction in the recount came from Miami-Dade county alone. Florida was the second of the 50 states (after Louisiana) to report its official results to the federal government (in a Certificate of Ascertainment submitted to the National Archivist, the manner prescribed for presidential elections). , this is the last election in which the Democratic candidate won Pasco County or Hernando County. It was also the first time the Democratic candidate won Orange County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. Bush won fifteen of twenty-three congressional districts. Technically the voters of

Florida since the 1950s. The state's electorate was becoming more diverse in general, with growing Asian and Hispanic immigrant populations. Meanwhile, there was heavy backlash in the Cuban-American population against Democrats during the Elian Gonzalez dispute, during which Janet Reno, President Bill Clinton’s Attorney General, ordered the six-year-old Cuban refugee to be returned to Cuba. The Democrats’ share of the Cuban-American vote dropped dramatically after 1996. In late October, one poll found that Gore was leading Bush and third parties by 44–42–4 among registered voters and 46–42–4 among likely voters, but that poll had a margin of error of four

percentage points, making the race too close to call. On election day itself, the extent of the mix-ups in the electoral rolls was such that ""in a number of precincts in Florida's inner cities, the polling locations were heavily fortified with police"". The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the tightest race of the campaign (New Mexico was decided by 363 votes but has a much smaller population, with those 363 votes representing a 0.061% margin whereas the 537 votes in Florida were just 0.009%), but the closest

"2000 United States presidential election"
2000 presidential election. Matt Ford noted their study concluded ""if the state's 827,000 disenfranchised felons had voted at the same rate as other Floridians, Democratic candidate Al Gore would have won Florida—and the presidency — by more than 80,000 votes."" The effect of Florida's law is such that in 2014, purportedly ""[m]ore than one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions."" Because the 2000 presidential election was so close in Florida, the United States government and state governments pushed for election reform to be prepared

"2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida"
of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. On December 12, the same day as the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, the Florida House approved awarding the state's electoral votes to Bush, but the matter was moot after the Court's ruling. On December 13, Gore conceded the election to Bush in a nationally televised address. During the recount, controversy ensued with the discovery of various irregularities that had occurred in the voting process in several counties. Among these was the Palm Beach ""butterfly ballot"", which resulted

others ""tried to get the state to rectify the problem, but their pleas fell on deaf ears."" Initially Florida had been considered fertile territory for Republicans. It was governed by Jeb Bush, a staunch conservative and George W. Bush's brother. Nonetheless Republicans put significant advertising resources into the state, and later polls indicated that the state was very much in play as late as September 2000. Some late momentum for Gore and his Jewish running mate Joe Lieberman may have come from southern Florida's significant Jewish population. Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to

"Al Gore"
Fourteenth Amendment, and further ruled 5–4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline. This case ordered an end to recounting underway in selected Florida counties, effectively giving George W. Bush a 537 vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 25 electoral votes and the presidency. The results of the decision led to Gore winning the popular vote by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes to Bush's 271 (one District of Columbia elector abstained). On December 13, 2000, Gore conceded the election. Gore strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but in his

2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida The Florida election recount of 2000 was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. The Florida vote was ultimately settled in Bush's favor by a margin of 537 votes when the U.S. Supreme Court, in ""Bush v. Gore"", stopped a recount that had been initiated upon a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court. That in turn gave Bush a majority of votes in the Electoral College and victory in the

the public vote to win. It was then revealed that Craig was the winner of the series, receiving 51% of the public vote. Nick Bateman is the only contestant, not to receive a single nomination during his time in the house. Following its premiere, ""Big Brother 1"" was met with a positive commercial response. The first eviction episode of the series saw a total of 3.4 million viewers, and an estimated 387,000 votes for that week's eviction. The number of voters for the second eviction saw a dramatic increase, with over 900,000 votes being cast between Andrew and Caroline. It

"Fame Academy (series 1)"
Fame Academy (series 1) The first series of ""Fame Academy"", a BBC reality talent search, was first broadcast in the United Kingdom over ten weeks in October - December 2002. It was won by David Sneddon. The live shows were presented by Cat Deeley and Patrick Kielty. Eleven previously selected contestants were showcased to the nation in the first live episode, while the first viewer vote of the series was announced in a surprise twist - three other potential finalists would be showcased to the nation - and the public could vote for whom they wanted to enter the Academy,

"Britain's Got Talent (series 1)"
original plans for the programme before O'Grady's departure. The hosts selected for the series were Ant & Dec, while a spin-off show on ITV2, entitled ""Britain's Got More Talent"" would be hosted by Stephen Mulhern. The first series was won by opera singer Paul Potts. During its broadcast, the series averaged around 8.4 million viewers. After Simon Cowell pitched to ITV his plans for a televised talent competition, production was green-lighted for a full series after a pilot episode was created in mid-2005. A dispute between Paul O'Grady, the original choice as host for the programme, and the broadcaster, led

"Trevor Montague"
One"" in 1990 and was quickly eliminated. In 1992 he entered again under a false name, Steve Romana, and wearing a disguise, in clear breach of the show's rules. Montague's eligibility was only called into question after a viewer spotted him during a rerun of the show on Challenge. A judge found the case proved against Montague and awarded damages. He made an appearance on ""Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"" in 2005, where he won £1,000 after getting the £32,000 question wrong by going with 72% of the studio audience. Trevor Montague Trevor Howard Montague (born 20 May 1954)

"Kate Lawler"
her Kerrang Radio Breakfast show each morning until February 2016, in which she joined Virgin Radio,which launched on 30 March, with Kate hosting weekday afternoons from 1pm to 4pm. Kate Lawler Kate Louise Lawler (born 7 May 1980), is an English reality TV personality, DJ and model. She was the first female winner of ""Big Brother UK"", winning the third series (2002) of the reality television show. Since ""Big Brother"", she has worked as a television presenter and personality, a model and as a disc jockey. She was born in Beckenham, London. Kate Lawler won the third series of Big

best movies so far."" Ty Burr of ""The Boston Globe"" wrote that ""in bearing, speech, and agonized expressiveness, Serkis's Caesar conveys the conflicts of a king with almost Shakespearean grandeur."" A. O. Scott of ""The New York Times"" praised the film for being able to balance out the action sequences and special effects with strong storytelling, writing that """"Dawn"" is more than a bunch of occasionally thrilling action sequences, emotional gut punches and throwaway jokes arranged in predictable sequence. It is technically impressive and viscerally exciting, for sure, but it also gives you a lot to think, and even to

Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell, and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film ""Rise of the Planet of the Apes"", which began 20th Century Fox's reboot of the original ""Planet of the Apes"" series. ""Dawn"" is set ten years after the events of ""Rise"", and follows a group of people in San Francisco who struggle

Kodi Smit-McPhee were cast in lead roles for the sequel, set ten years after the events from the first film. In March 2013, actress Keri Russell was cast in a role. That same month, Judy Greer was cast as Cornelia, a female chimp and love interest for Caesar. Toby Kebbell, Enrique Murciano and Kirk Acevedo joined the cast during filming. On May 15, 2013, Jocko Sims was cast in a supporting role of military operative Werner. Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia. The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to

other motion capture team actors were also used, especially Devyn Dalton, whose height matched that of a chimpanzee. Along with that, they used Notary to play Caesar in stunt-filled scenes such as the Golden Gate Bridge scene. The score for the film was written by Patrick Doyle and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony conducted by James Shearman. The main concern was to have the music help progress the plot in the scenes without dialogue, for instance, conveying the emotions of Caesar's relationships with Will and Charles. To turn the score into a ""driving force that keeps audiences paying attention,""

Cast models of apes' heads and limbs helped the texture department replicate skin details such as wrinkles and pores. Given the difference between human and chimpanzee facial muscles, the animators tweaked the performance through a new facial muscle system adding dynamics, ballistics, and secondary motion. As the silent performance required expressive eyes, a new eye model was made to depict both greater accuracy in muscle movement in and around the eyes, and also tears, pupil dilation, and light refraction. While Andy Serkis was the primary performer for Caesar, as the effects team considered that at times ""Andy overcame the character,""

"The Bachelor (Australia season 6)"
The Bachelor (Australia season 6) The sixth season of ""The Bachelor Australia"" premiered on 15 August 2018. This season features Nick Cummins, a 30-year-old former professional rugby player from Sydney, New South Wales, courting 28 women. The season began with 25 contestants. In episode 7, three ""intruders"" were brought into the competition, bringing the total number of contestants to 28.[4] Original airdate: 15 August 2018 Original airdate: 16 August 2018 Original airdate: 22 August 2018 Original airdate: 23 August 2018 Original airdate: 29 August 2018 Original airdate: 30 August 2018 Original airdate: 5 September 2018 Original airdate: 6 September 2018

Original airdate: 12 September 2018 Original airdate: 13 September 2018 Original airdate: 19 September 2018 Original airdate: 20 September 2018 Original airdate: 26 September 2018 Original airdate: 27 September 2018 Original airdate: 3 October 2018 Original airdate: 4 October 2018 The Bachelor (Australia season 6) The sixth season of ""The Bachelor Australia"" premiered on 15 August 2018. This season features Nick Cummins, a 30-year-old former professional rugby player from Sydney, New South Wales, courting 28 women. The season began with 25 contestants. In episode 7, three ""intruders"" were brought into the competition, bringing the total number of contestants to 28.[4]

"Wentworth (season 5)"
Wentworth (season 5) The fifth season of the television drama series ""Wentworth"" premiered on Showcase in Australia on 4 April 2017, having previously aired on SoHo, and concluded on June 20, 2017. It was executive produced by FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo Porter. The season comprised 12 episodes. The fifth season picks up just days after the death of Bea Smith and is therefore noted as the first season not to feature Danielle Cormack. Following Bea Smith’s tragic death at the hands of Joan Ferguson, emotional, psychological and professional shockwaves pound the inmates and staff of Wentworth Correctional Centre. Governor

"The Bachelor (Australian TV series)"
premiered on 27 July 2016. In addition, it was announced in November 2015 that unlike the previous three seasons which were produced by Shine Australia, season four would be produced by Warner Bros. International Television Production. On 16 September 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which premiered on 26 July 2017. The season revolves around a single bachelor and a pool of romantic interests, which could include a potential wife for the bachelor. The conflicts in the series, both internal and external, stem from the elimination-style format of the show. Early in the season, the bachelor goes

"House Rules (season 6)"
House Rules (season 6) The sixth season of Australian reality television series House Rules began airing on 7 May 2018 and ended airing on 30 July 2018. The series was produced by the team who created the Seven reality show ""My Kitchen Rules"" and was hosted by Johanna Griggs. Season 6 was confirmed in June 2017 with Applications for the sixth season of House Rules open between 3 June & 31 August 2017 on the House Rules official network seven website. Season 6 was officially confirmed in October 2017. This season of ""House Rules"" consisted of new teams renovating each

"North Pole"
North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is

North Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required. It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or

away, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly closer. The nearest permanently inhabited place is Alert in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, which is located from the Pole. The Earth's axis of rotation – and hence the position of the North Pole – was commonly believed to be fixed (relative to the surface of the Earth) until, in the 18th century, the mathematician Leonhard Euler predicted that the axis might ""wobble"" slightly. Around the beginning of the 20th century astronomers noticed a small apparent ""variation of latitude,"" as determined for a fixed point on Earth from the observation of

after which time it begins to sink, reaching sunset just after the September equinox (around 23 September). When the sun is visible in the polar sky, it appears to move in a horizontal circle above the horizon. This circle gradually rises from near the horizon just after the vernal equinox to its maximum elevation (in degrees) above the horizon at summer solstice and then sinks back toward the horizon before sinking below it at the autumnal equinox. Hence the North and South Poles experience the slowest rates of sunrise and sunset on Earth. A civil twilight period of about two

stars. Part of this variation could be attributed to a wandering of the Pole across the Earth's surface, by a range of a few metres. The wandering has several periodic components and an irregular component. The component with a period of about 435 days is identified with the eight-month wandering predicted by Euler and is now called the Chandler wobble after its discoverer. The exact point of intersection of the Earth's axis and the Earth's surface, at any given moment, is called the ""instantaneous pole"", but because of the ""wobble"" this cannot be used as a definition of a fixed

weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset, a nautical twilight period of about five weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset and an astronomical twilight period of about seven weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset. These effects are caused by a combination of the Earth's axial tilt and its revolution around the sun. The direction of the Earth's axial tilt, as well as its angle relative to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun, remains very nearly constant over the course of a year (both change very slowly over long time periods). At northern midsummer the North

ascent, like Dante's climbing of the Mountain of Purgatory, represents the pilgrim's progress through spiritual states. In Iranian theosophy, the heavenly Pole, the focal point of the spiritual ascent, acts as a magnet to draw beings to its ""palaces ablaze with immaterial matter."" North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It

east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole.

"51st parallel north"
51st parallel north The 51st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 51 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 33 minutes during the summer solstice and 7 hours, 55 minutes during the winter solstice. Capital cities between the 51st and 52nd parallels are London and Astana. Starting at the Prime Meridian (just north of the Sheffield Park Garden in East Sussex, England) and heading eastwards, the parallel 51° north passes through: In 1799 Paul

of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country from which they departed. The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of

"Sean O'Neal"
Actor Starring in an Off-Prime Time or Cable Series in 1991 and Best Young Actor Co-Starring in a Cable Series in 1992. Sean O'Neal Sean O’Neal (born November 29, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Sam Anders in the television show ""Clarissa Explains It All"". O'Neal appeared in the popular long-running French comedy theater show, ""Au théâtre ce soir"" as Monsieur Bennett at the age of 5 long before he worked on ""Clarissa"". After ""Clarissa"", he appeared in other TV series including ""Development Hell"" and the 2016 film ""Penumbra"". O'Neal was nominated for two Young

Sean O'Neal Sean O’Neal (born November 29, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Sam Anders in the television show ""Clarissa Explains It All"". O'Neal appeared in the popular long-running French comedy theater show, ""Au théâtre ce soir"" as Monsieur Bennett at the age of 5 long before he worked on ""Clarissa"". After ""Clarissa"", he appeared in other TV series including ""Development Hell"" and the 2016 film ""Penumbra"". O'Neal was nominated for two Young Artist Awards (at the time known as the Youth in Film Awards) for his work on ""Clarissa Explains It All"": Best Young

"Clarissa Explains It All"
seasons of the series are also available on Amazon Video and Hulu. In 1994, the series was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program. In addition, Melissa Joan Hart, Sean O'Neal, and Jason Zimbler also received multiple Young Artist Award nominations. Melissa won three competitive Young Artist Awards during the show's original run, as well as receiving the association's honorary Former Child Star Award in 2013 for her role as Clarissa. In March 2018, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" announced that a revival of the show was ""in early development"" at Nickelodeon. Hart will reportedly reprise her role as the

"Elizabeth Hess"
Elizabeth Hess Elizabeth Hess (born 17 July 1953 in Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian/American actor, playwright, director and arts educator. On TV, she is best known for playing the mother Janet Darling on the long-running American sitcom ""Clarissa Explains It All"". She has also appeared on several episodes of ""Law & Order"". Her acting resume also includes work on-and off-Broadway, regional theater, TV, independent films and award-winning solo works that have traveled the globe. She played Renee in the Tony Award winning production of ""M. Butterfly"". She received her training from The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA)

and studied privately with acting coach Harold Guskin. She has taught acting principally at New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts, Fordham University and at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center/National Theater Institute. Elizabeth Hess Elizabeth Hess (born 17 July 1953 in Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian/American actor, playwright, director and arts educator. On TV, she is best known for playing the mother Janet Darling on the long-running American sitcom ""Clarissa Explains It All"". She has also appeared on several episodes of ""Law & Order"". Her acting resume also includes work on-and off-Broadway, regional theater, TV, independent films and

younger brother Ferguson) and her best friend Sam, all living in a small, unnamed suburban town. Clarissa had a pet baby alligator, Elvis, which she kept in a kiddie-sandbox and appeared sporadically in early episodes. ""Clarissa"" was credited with becoming the first Nickelodeon series to feature a female lead, which led the network to create other shows such as ""The Secret World of Alex Mack"", ""The Amanda Show"" and ""The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo"". Its popularity among both boys and girls also helped to debunk a myth that a children's series with a female lead would not appeal to

"Stephen Mangan"
Stephen Mangan Stephen James Mangan (born 16 May 1968) is an English actor. He has played the roles of Guy Secretan in ""Green Wing"", Dan Moody in ""I'm Alan Partridge"", Sean Lincoln in ""Episodes"" and Postman Pat in """". As a stage actor, he was Tony-nominated for his portrayal of Norman in ""The Norman Conquests"" on Broadway. He also starred as Bertie Wooster in ""Jeeves and Wooster in Perfect Nonsense"" at the Duke of York's Theatre, which won the 2014 Olivier Award for Best New Comedy. Mangan was born in Ponders End, north London, to Irish parents. He has two

Clarissa Explains It All Clarissa Explains It All is an American teen sitcom created by Mitchell Kriegman for Nickelodeon. In the series, Clarissa Darling, played by Melissa Joan Hart, is a teenager who addresses the audience directly to describe the things that are happening in her life, dealing with typical adolescent concerns such as school, boys, pimples, wearing her first training bra, and an annoying younger brother. A total of 65 episodes were produced and aired from March 23, 1991 to October 1, 1994. From August 1992 onwards, the series headlined the popular SNICK (Saturday night Nickelodeon) lineup. Reruns of

"Sam Eagle"
Sam Eagle Sam Eagle is a Muppet character known for his ultra-patriotism and disciplined manner of being. Sam originated on the television show ""The Muppet Show"", where he was performed by Frank Oz. Sam has appeared in every Muppet film; as himself in ""The Muppet Movie"", ""The Great Muppet Caper"", ""The Muppets Take Manhattan"", ""Muppets from Space"", and ""The Muppets"", as well as the Head Schoolmaster in ""The Muppet Christmas Carol,"" Samuel Arrow in ""Muppet Treasure Island"" and a CIA agent in ""Muppets Most Wanted."" He also appears as himself in the role of an ABC executive for broadcast standards

"Puss in Boots (2011 film)"
the magic beans he has been looking for most of his life, which can lead him to a giant's castle holding valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss tries to steal them from the outlaws' room, a female cat named Kitty Softpaws (Salma Hayek) interrupts, and both fail. Kitty is allied with Humpty Alexander Dumpty (Zach Galifianakis), a talking egg and Puss' long-estranged childhood friend from the orphanage where he was raised. Puss tells Kitty his origin story and of his feelings of betrayal for a youthful misadventure when Humpty tricked Puss into helping commit a bank robbery in his hometown

"Puss in Boots (video game)"
Jill (Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris) have the magic beans he's been looking for most of his life, beans that can lead him to a giant's castle holding valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss tries to steal them from the outlaws' room, female cat Kitty Softpaws (Salma Hayek) interrupts, and both fail. Kitty is allied with Humpty Alexander Dumpty (Zach Galifianakis), a talking egg and Puss' long-estranged childhood friend from the orphanage where he was raised. Puss tells Kitty his origin story and of his feelings of betrayal for a youthful misadventure when Humpty tricked Puss into helping commit

"Puss in Boots (Shrek)"
and ""The Ginger Hit Man"". After he was abandoned when he was little, Puss finds shelter at an orphanage in the town of San Ricardo and is adopted by Imelda. He becomes friends with Humpty Alexander Dumpty, who gives him the name ""Puss"" and with whom he decides to find the magic beans that would bring them to the Golden Goose (which lays golden eggs). Puss performs a heroic act, for which he receives acclaim and his boots. His bond with Humpty begins to fray, and Humpty compels Puss to (unknowingly) rob a bank with him. Puss leaves San Ricardo;

of San Ricardo; Puss has been on the run ever since. Humpty eventually convinces Puss to join them in finding the beans and retrieving the golden eggs. The trio steal the beans from Jack and Jill and plant them in the desert. Puss and Kitty's relationship becomes romantic. The trio ride the beanstalk into the clouds to find the castle of the late giant, while avoiding the Great Terror, a giant goose that guards the Golden Goose. When they realize the golden eggs are too heavy to carry, they steal the Goose, which is just a gosling, and escape the

years later, he learns who owns the magic beans and plans to steal them. He meets a cat who also wants to steal them: Kitty Softpaws, Humpty's partner. Humpty asks Puss to join them in their search for the beans, and Puss eventually accepts. They find the beans, plant them, and a beanstalk brings them to a castle in the sky. They find the Golden Goose and return with it to the ground. Puss returns to San Ricardo, where he realizes that Humpty has been plotting against him. Puss is arrested, and he learns that the Golden Goose's mother will

Puss in Boots (2011 film) Puss in Boots is a 2011 American computer-animated adventure-comedy film produced in 3D format by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler, the film was directed by Chris Miller, who also directed ""Shrek the Third"" (2007). It stars Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zach Galifianakis, Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris. The film follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures prior to his first appearance in ""Shrek 2"" (2004). Accompanied by his friends, Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws, Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill, two murderous

castle. While celebrating their victory, the group is ambushed by Jack and Jill, who knock Puss unconscious. When Puss wakes up, he tracks Jack and Jill to San Ricardo where he learns the entire heist was a plot by Humpty to lure him home to be arrested, as revenge for abandoning him to the authorities when Humpty's youthful heist went bad. Jack, Jill, and Kitty were involved in the con. After pleas from Imelda, his adoptive mother, Puss turns himself in to the guards while Humpty donates many golden eggs to the town and becomes a hero. While in prison,

of the fairy tale with the same name. Character designer Tom Hester provided Puss's design, which was based on cats owned by ""Shrek"" director Andrew Adamson and effects supervisor Ken Bielenberg. After Antonio Banderas had been cast as Puss's voice, the ""Shrek"" animators analyzed his performance as the title character in ""The Mask of Zorro"" (1998) for insight into Puss's depiction. Inspired by Banderas's Zorro, the filmmakers decided to make Puss's origins Spanish (instead of the fairy tale's French). When computer-animating Puss, new animation tools were required for his fur, belt, and the plume on his hat. Chris Miller, head

"Puss in Boots"
years before the tale's 1697 Paris publication. Pierre Darmancour was sixteen or seventeen years old at the time the manuscript was prepared and, as scholars Iona and Peter Opie note, quite unlikely to have been interested in recording fairy tales. Darmancour, who became a soldier, showed no literary inclinations, and, when he died in 1700, his obituary made no mention of any connection with the tales. However, when Perrault senior died in 1703, the newspaper alluded to his being responsible for ""La Belle au bois dormant"", which the paper had published in 1696. Perrault's tale has been adapted to various

"Christmas card"
of the season such as the snow and wildlife of the northern winter. Some secular cards depict nostalgic scenes of the past such as crinolined shoppers in 19th century streetscapes; others are humorous, particularly in depicting the antics of Santa and his elves. The first recorded Christmas cards were sent by Michael Maier to James I of England and his son Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1611. It was discovered in 1979 by Adam McLean in the Scottish Record Office. They incorporated Rosicrucian imagery, with the words of the greeting – ""A greeting on the birthday of the Sacred

King, to the most worshipful and energetic lord and most eminent James, King of Great Britain and Ireland, and Defender of the true faith, with a gesture of joyful celebration of the Birthday of the Lord, in most joyand fortune, we enter into the new auspicious year 1612"" – being laid out to form a rose. The next cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1 May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity,

with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each. Early British cards rarely showed winter or religious themes, instead favoring flowers, fairies and other fanciful designs that reminded the recipient of the approach of spring. Humorous and sentimental images of children and animals were popular, as were increasingly elaborate shapes, decorations and materials. At Christmas 1873, the lithograph firm

The practice originated with President Calvin Coolidge, who was the first president to issue a written statement of peaceful tidings during the holidays in 1927. President Herbert Hoover was the first to give Christmas notes to the White House staff, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the first president to utilize the card format (rather than the previously used notes or a written statement) that most closely resembles the Christmas cards of today. In 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first official White House card. The cards usually depict White House scenes as rendered by prominent American artists.

Prang and Mayer began creating greeting cards for the popular market in Britain The firm began selling the Christmas card in America in 1874, thus becoming the first printer to offer cards in America. Its owner, Louis Prang, is sometimes called the ""father of the American Christmas card."" By the 1880s, Prang was producing over five million cards a year by using the chromolithography process of printmaking. However, the popularity of his cards led to cheap imitations that eventually drove him from the market. The advent of the postcard spelled the end for elaborate Victorian-style cards, but by the 1920s,

"Christmas in the post-war United States"
Play-Doh's sales skyrocketed after being advertised on influential children's television programs such as ""Ding Dong School"" and ""Captain Kangaroo"". The first White House Christmas card was sent during the administration of Dwight David Eisenhower in 1953. President Eisenhower was an amateur artist and personally consulted with the head of Hallmark Cards on the project. Over the course of two terms, the Eisenhower White House issued 38 different cards and prints with many of them bearing the President's own artwork. The tradition was continued during the Kennedy years with Jacqueline Kennedy's artwork featured on a 1963 card issued to raise funds

cards with envelopes had returned. The extensive Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection from the Manchester Metropolitan University gathers 32,000 Victorian and Edwardian greeting cards, printed by the major publishers of the day, including Britain's first commercially produced Christmas card. The production of Christmas cards was, throughout the 20th century, a profitable business for many stationery manufacturers, with the design of cards continually evolving with changing tastes and printing techniques. The now widely recognized brand Hallmark Cards was established in 1913 by Joyce Hall with the help of brother Rollie Hall to market their self-produced Christmas cards. The Hall brothers capitalized

Christmas
preceding Christmas Day. The traditional greeting reads ""wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year"", much like that of the first commercial Christmas card, produced by Sir Henry Cole in London in 1843. The custom of sending them has become popular among a wide cross-section of people with the emergence of the modern trend towards exchanging E-cards. Christmas cards are purchased in considerable quantities, and feature artwork, commercially designed and relevant to the season. The content of the design might relate directly to the Christmas narrative, with depictions of the Nativity of Jesus, or Christian symbols such as

"Henry Cole"
grandmother in 1843, sold at auction for £22,500. Henry Cole Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843. Henry Cole was born in Bath the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st Dragoon Guards, and his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to

events over the Christmas season, when members of the public can make their own Christmas cards in the Strang Print Room. Specimens from the ""golden age"" of printing (1840s–1890s) are especially prized and bring in large sums at auctions. In December 2005, one of Horsley's original cards sold for nearly £9,000. Collectors may focus on particular images like Santa Claus, poets, or printing techniques. The Christmas card that holds the world record as the most expensive ever sold was a card produced in 1843 by J. C. Horsley and commissioned by civil servant Sir Henry Cole. The card, one of

God
God In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the supreme being, creator deity, and principal object of faith. The concept of God, as described by theologians, commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (all-knowing), omnipotence (all-powerful), omnipresence (all-present), and as having an eternal and necessary existence. Depending on one's kind of theism, these attributes are used either in way of analogy, or in a literal sense as distinct properties. God is most often held to be incorporeal (immaterial). Incorporeality and corporeality of God are related to conceptions of transcendence (being outside nature) and immanence (being in nature) of God, with

"God-man (Christianity)"
God-man (Christianity) God-man (; ) refers to the incarnation and the hypostatic union of Christ, which are one of mainstream Christianity’s most widely accepted and revered christological doctrines. The first usage of the term God-man as a theological concept appears in the writing of the 3rd-century Church Father Origen. The Council of Chalcedon, meeting in 451 AD, affirmed that Christ had two natures – human and divine – in hypostatic union. Much is also written of the God-man by the medieval philosopher and theologian Anselm of Canterbury (11th century) in his treatise on the atonement, ""Cur Deus Homo"" (Why God

God
include Krishna, Buddha, Jesus, Zoroaster, Muhammad, Bahá'ú'lláh, and others. Although the faith is strictly monotheistic, it also preaches the unity of all religions and focuses on these multiple epiphanies as necessary for meeting the needs of humanity at different points in history and for different cultures, and as part of a scheme of progressive revelation and education of humanity. Classical theists (such as Ancient Greco-Medieval philosophers, Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, much of Jews and Muslims, and some Protestants) speak of God as a divinely simple “nothing” that is completely transcendent (totally independent of all else), and having attributes such

God
of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as ""the heart has reasons of which reason does not know."" Many religious believers allow for the existence of other, less powerful spiritual beings such as angels, saints, jinn, demons, and devas. God In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the supreme being, creator deity, and principal object of faith. The concept of God, as described by theologians, commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (all-knowing), omnipotence (all-powerful),

"Personal god"
is sometimes referred to as the ultimate personal god of other Vaishnava traditions. In general, most deists view God as a personal God. This is illustrated by the 17th-century assertions of Lord Edward Herbert, universally regarded as the Father of English deism, which stated that there is one Supreme God, and he ought to be worshiped. However, deism is a general belief encompassing people with varying specific beliefs, and the notion of God as a personal God cannot be ascribed to all deists. Classical deists who adhere to Herbert's common notion certainly believe in a personal God, because those notions

God
Supreme Being and creator of the universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, ""The Existing One"", ""I Am that I Am"" and its initials, the tetragrammaton YHWH (, ""I am who I am"") are used as names of God. Yahweh and Jehovah are used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, coexisting in three ""persons"", is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In the Hebrew Tanakh, God is referred to as Elohim or Adonai, in addition to other names. In Islam, the name Allah is used, while Muslims also have

"God the Father"
as the Creator and father of all people, as indicated in the Apostle's Creed where the expression of belief in the ""Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth"" is immediately, but separately followed by in ""Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord"", thus expressing both senses of fatherhood. In Christianity, God is addressed as the Father, in part because of his active interest in human affairs, in the way that a father would take an interest in his children who are dependent on him and as a father, he will respond to humanity, his children, acting in their best interests.

"Existence of God"
of God include Immanuel Kant, David Hume, Friedrich Nietzsche and Bertrand Russell. In modern culture, the question of God's existence has been discussed by scientists such as Stephen Hawking, Francis Collins, Lawrence M. Krauss, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, John Lennox and Sam Harris, as well as philosophers including Richard Swinburne, Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, Rebecca Goldstein, A. C. Grayling, Daniel Dennett, Edward Feser and David Bentley Hart. Scientists follow the scientific method, within which theories must be verifiable by physical experiment. The majority of prominent conceptions of God explicitly or effectively posit a being which is

God
non-theistic, pantheistic, panentheistic, or polytheistic. Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in the Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity describes God as one God in three divine Persons (each of the three Persons is God himself). The Most Holy Trinity comprises God the Father, God the Son (which is Jesus Christ God), and God the Holy Spirit.

"Christ Pantocrator"
interchangeable, ""Pantokrator"" appears to be reserved for God except, perhaps, in 1:8. The most common translation of ""Pantocrator"" is ""Almighty"" or ""All-powerful"". In this understanding, ""Pantokrator"" is a compound word formed from the Greek words , ' ( '), i.e. ""all"" and , "","" i.e. ""strength"", ""might"", ""power"". This is often understood in terms of potential power; i.e., ability to do anything, omnipotence. Another, more literal translation is ""Ruler of All"" or, less literally, ""Sustainer of the World"". In this understanding, Pantokrator is a compound word formed from the Greek for ""all"" and the verb meaning ""To accomplish something"" or

Janikowski, Oakland, 2012; Blair Walsh, Minnesota, 2013. Field Goals Attempted, Career -- 18, Morten Andersen, New Orleans 1986-89, 1991, 1993; Atlanta 1996. Field Goals, Career -- 11, David Akers, Philadelphia, 2002-03, 2005, 2010-11, San Francisco 2012. Field Goals Attempted, Game -- 6, Jan Stenerud, Kansas City, 1972 (4 made); Eddie Murray, Detroit, 1981 (4 made); Mark Moseley, Washington, 1983 (2 made). Field Goals, Game -- 5, Garo Yepremian, Miami, 1974. Longest Field Goal -- 53, David Akers, Philadelphia, 2003. Safeties, Game -- 1, Art Still, Kansas City, 1983; Mark Gastineau, N.Y. Jets, 1985; Greg Townsend, L.A. Raiders, 1992. Attempts, Career

"Jeff Feagles"
physical issues. And so he has decided to deal with them."" Feagles played 22 seasons and played in every single game, 352 games overall. Feagles holds the NFL record for most consecutive games played in a career. Feagles finished 3rd all-time in most games played in NFL history, only Morten Andersen and Gary Anderson have played in more games than he. On November 27, 2005, Feagles broke the NFL record for consecutive games played, with 283. The record was previously held by Minnesota Vikings defensive end Jim Marshall who played from 1960 to 1979. His record stands at 352. Feagles

"World Series ring"
discretion. After the 2004 World Series, the Red Sox ordered over 500 rings; the Cardinals commissioned 400 rings in 2006; and the Kansas City Royals distributed about 700 rings after their 2015 title. Players who were only briefly on the team's roster during a championship season and those no longer affiliated with the winning team also often receive rings. Arthur Rhodes, Bengie Molina, and Lonnie Smith played in the World Series against a team they played for earlier in the season, guaranteeing them World Series rings regardless of the series outcome. As both the physical size and number of rings

Super Bowl XLV ring contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first Super Bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold. The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter. Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to

"John Elway"
Broncos to make the list (Willie Brown, who began his career with the Broncos but spent more of it with the Oakland Raiders, also made the list). In 2005, ""TSN"" published another special feature honoring the 50 Greatest Quarterbacks. Elway was ranked third behind Johnny Unitas and Joe Montana. Elway was named the greatest athlete wearing the #7 by ""Sports Illustrated"". Current Pittsburgh Steelers' quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, who grew up idolizing Elway and Joe Montana, wears number 7 in honor of Elway. Elway ended his career with a record 148 victories, since surpassed by Brett Favre, Peyton Manning, and Tom

on World Series rings. The New York Yankees Museum, located in Yankee Stadium, has an exhibit with replicas of all Yankees' World Series rings, including the pocket watch given after the 1923 World Series. Yogi Berra won the most World Series rings with 10, as a player. Frankie Crosetti won 17 as a player and as a coach. Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center. World Series ring A World Series ring is an award given to Major League Baseball players who win the World Series. Since only one Commissioner's Trophy is awarded to the team, a World Series ring is

"Bernie Kosar"
Bernie Kosar Bernard Joseph Kosar Jr. (born November 25, 1963) is a former American football quarterback who played professionally in the National Football League (NFL). Kosar played for the Cleveland Browns from 1985 to 1993 and then finished his career with the Dallas Cowboys and the Miami Dolphins. With the Cowboys, he won Super Bowl XXVIII, beating the Buffalo Bills, on January 30, 1994. He has even been referenced in several books such as the Lorien Legacies series. Of Hungarian descent, Kosar was born in Youngstown, Ohio, and raised in suburban Boardman. He attended Boardman High School, where he earned

to the San Diego Chargers. In a more recent example, a game played on September 24, 2017, Alex Smith of Kansas City Chiefs received an inexplicable QBR of 7.8, half as much as the equally-bad QBR of 16.1 for his counterpart Philip Rivers of the Los Angeles Chargers, even though Smith had a higher completion rate (16/21 vs. 20/40), a better average per completion (7.8 yds vs. 5.9), a far superior TD/int ratio (2-0 vs. 0-3), and won the game handily 24-10. For comparison, the RTG, 128.1 for Smith and 37.2 for Rivers, was by far a better metric of

"Jay Fiedler"
Jay Fiedler Jay Brian Fiedler (born December 29, 1971) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played 76 games at quarterback in the NFL, 60 of them as a starter (with his team winning 37 of the games he started), and threw 69 touchdowns. He was inducted into the National Jewish Museum Sports Hall of Fame. Fiedler is Jewish, and was born to a Jewish family on Long Island in Oceanside, New York. He is a distant relative of Arthur Fiedler, the long-time conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra. Fiedler attended Oceanside High School

"Aaron Rodgers"
of over 100. Rodgers is fifth all-time in postseason career passer rating, has the best touchdown-to-interception ratio in NFL history at 4.13, holds the league's lowest career interception percentage at 1.6 percent and the highest single-season passer rating record of 122.5. Due to the fact that Rodgers is the NFL's all-time regular season career passer rating leader, and his overall high level of play, Rodgers is considered by some sportscasters and players to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time. Aaron Charles Rodgers was born in Chico, California, the son of Darla Leigh (née Pittman) and Edward Wesley

"Carson Wentz"
record. Wentz threw for a league-record 379 completions by a rookie, breaking the record of 354 held by former teammate Sam Bradford, who was with the St. Louis Rams at the time. His 379 completions also set a single season franchise record, breaking the record of 346 also held by Bradford from the previous season. Wentz also set a single season franchise record with 607 pass attempts, the second highest attempts by a rookie in league history (Andrew Luck had 627 in the 2012 season). In Week 1 against the Washington Redskins, Wentz finished with 307 passing yards, two touchdowns,

"Brett Favre"
Brett Favre Brett Lorenzo Favre (; born October 10, 1969) is a former American football quarterback who spent the majority of his career with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He was a 20-year veteran of the NFL, having played quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons in 1991, Packers from 1992 to 2007, New York Jets in 2008, and Minnesota Vikings from 2009 to 2010. Favre was the first NFL quarterback to pass for 500 touchdowns, throw for 70,000 yards, complete 6,000 passes, and attempt 10,000 passes. A graduate of the University of Southern Mississippi, Favre played

"I Wan'na Be like You (The Monkey Song)"
I Wan'na Be like You (The Monkey Song) ""I Wan'na Be like You"" is a song from Walt Disney's 1967 film ""The Jungle Book"". The song was written by songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman and was performed by Louis Prima. Richard Sherman said he and his brother aimed for a jazz sound, with a Dixieland-like melody. He added that ""When we first got an idea for 'I Wan'na Be Like You,' we said an ape swings from a tree, and he's the king of apes. We'll make him 'the king of the swingers.' That's the idea, we'll make him a

"The Jungle Book (2016 film)"
John Debney, mostly drawing from George Bruns' original music. Though Favreau decided not to make the film a musical, nevertheless, he and Debney incorporated several songs from the 1967 animated film. ""The Bare Necessities,"" written by Terry Gilkyson, is performed by Murray and Sethi, and a cover version by Dr. John is featured in the end credits. ""I Wan'na Be Like You"" and ""Trust in Me""—written by the Sherman Brothers—are performed by Walken and Johansson, respectively; Richard M. Sherman wrote revised lyrics for Walken's version of ""I Wan'na Be Like You."" Johansson's rendition of ""Trust in Me"" was produced by

"The Jungle Book (1967 film)"
of ""True-Life Adventures"". Baloo was also based on footage of bears, even incorporating the animal's penchant for scratching. Since Kaa has no limbs, its design received big expressive eyes, and parts of Kaa's body did the action that normally would be done with hands. The monkeys' dance during ""I Wan'na Be Like You"" was partially inspired by a performance Louis Prima did with his band at Disney's soundstage to convince Walt Disney to cast him. The instrumental music was written by George Bruns and orchestrated by Walter Sheets. Two of the cues were reused from previous Disney films. The scene

"Jungle (X Ambassadors and Jamie N Commons song)"
Jungle (X Ambassadors and Jamie N Commons song) ""Jungle"" is a song by American rock band X Ambassadors and British blues rock singer Jamie N Commons. It was released as a single on 18 December 2013 by KIDinaKORNER and Interscope. The track appeared on X Ambassadors' 2014 EP ""The Reason"" and their 2015 studio album ""VHS"". ""Jungle"" has been described as an ""amped up"" alternative rock and electronic song, as well as a ""rock-heavy, upbeat track"". The song features ""a drum-beat reminiscent of Queen's 'We Will Rock You. Jeff Benjamin of Fuse compared it to an Imagine Dragons track, stating

where Mowgli wakes up after escaping King Louie used one of Bruns' themes for ""Sleeping Beauty""; and the scene where Bagheera gives a eulogy to Baloo when he mistakenly thinks the bear was killed by Shere Khan used Paul J. Smith's organ score from ""Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"". The score features eight original songs: seven by the Sherman Brothers and one by Terry Gilkyson. Longtime Disney collaborator Gilkyson was the first songwriter to bring several complete songs which followed the book closely but Walt Disney felt that his efforts were too dark. The only piece of Gilkyson's work

"The Jungle Book (soundtrack)"
The Jungle Book (soundtrack) The Jungle Book, the soundtrack to the eponymous Disney film, has been released in three different versions since the film's release in 1967. The film score was composed by George Bruns, with songs written by Terry Gilkyson and the Sherman Brothers. The instrumental music was written by George Bruns and orchestrated by Walter Sheets. Two of the cues were reused from previous Disney films, with the scene where Mowgli wakes up after escaping King Louie using one of Bruns' themes for ""Sleeping Beauty"", and Bagheera giving a eulogy to Baloo when he mistakenly thinks the bear

quartet that appears in the film. One of The Mellomen's members, Bill Lee, sang as Shere Khan during the final recording of the song because George Sanders was unavailable, and can be heard on the soundtrack.. The first version was ""Walt Disney Presents the Story and Songs of The Jungle Book"", also known as the ""Storyteller"" version, issued on the Disneyland Records label. It featured a retelling of the story with narration by voice actor Dal McKennon as Bagheera, and dialogue and sound effects from the film itself along with the songs. It was a commercial success, being certified Gold

"The Jungle Book (video game)"
of the team moving away to form Shiny Entertainment. The Genesis version was subsequently finished by Eurocom in 1994, keeping in the game most of the substantial work already done by Virgin Games USA. The levels were designed and put together using the application ""The Universal Map Editor"". The soundtrack features tunes from the Disney cartoon that it is based on, including ""The Bare Necessities"", ""I Wan'na Be Like You (The Monkey Song)"", and ""Colonel Hathi's March (The Elephant Song)"". The game's original music was written by Mark Miller, Tommy Tallarico, and Donald Griffin. ""GamePro"" gave the Super NES version

but Phil Harris decided not to imitate Prima's recording and made up his own. The song was released the same date as the motion picture itself. ""I Wan'na Be like You"" was covered by British recording artist Robbie Williams featuring British recording artist Olly Murs for his tenth studio album ""Swings Both Ways"" (2013). Production of their rendition was handled by Guy Chambers. However, in the liner notes Robbie Williams incorrectly attributes the original to Phil Harris, and says how much he admires Harris (p. 4 of notes in Deluxe Edition). I Wan'na Be like You (The Monkey Song) ""I

Bailey to not fit the ""young innocence of Mowgli's character"" at which the producers were aiming. Thus director Wolfgang Reitherman cast his son Bruce, who had just voiced Christopher Robin in ""Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree"". The animators shot footage of Bruce as a guide for the character's performance. Child actress Darlene Carr was going around singing in the studio when composers Sherman Brothers asked her to record a demo of ""My Own Home"". Carr's performance impressed Disney enough for him to cast her as the role of the human girl. In the original book, the vultures are

"Pete's Dragon (2016 film)"
commenced in January 2015 in New Zealand, with Lowery directing. Rehearsals began early January 2015, while news reported the beginning of the shooting on January 26, 2015, set to last through April. Live-action filming locations included Bay of Plenty, Taupo and Wellington, while CGI was done at Stone Street Studios. On February 10, 2015, a press release confirmed that principal photography had commenced. Shooting took place in and around Wellington and Rotorua, before transferring to Tapanui, where the old Blue Mountain Lumber mill was used as the mill in the film, and the main street became Millhaven for two weeks.

to be written by David Lowery and Toby Halbrooks, and directed by Lowery. Disney intended to rework the core story as a dramatic story, rather than a musical. It set the new work in the Pacific Northwest of the early 1980s, rather than the Northern New England of the early 1900s in the 1977 film. The film was shot in live-action using Panavision Panaflex cameras. The dragon, Elliot, was entirely animated by Weta Digital in CGI, instead of the original hand-drawn animation. On September 19, 2014, Disney cast Oakes Fegley and Oona Laurence to star as Pete and Natalie. On

October 2, Barrie M. Osborne was set to be the executive producer for the film. On October 16, Robert Redford was in early talks to play a local storyteller who remembers seeing a dragon in the woods. On November 20, Bryce Dallas Howard was in talks for the female lead role, a forest ranger who finds the boy and does not believe his stories about a dragon. On January 7, 2015, Wes Bentley joined the cast of the film. On January 9, Michael C. Hall was also added to the cast. On January 29, Karl Urban replaced Hall. Principal photography

Pete's Dragon (2016 film) Pete's Dragon is a 2016 American fantasy comedy-drama adventure film directed by David Lowery, written by Lowery and Toby Halbrooks, and produced by James Whitaker. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1977 live-action/animated musical film of the same name written by Malcolm Marmorstein. The film stars Bryce Dallas Howard, Oakes Fegley, Wes Bentley, Karl Urban, Oona Laurence, and Robert Redford. The film tells the story of an orphaned feral boy who befriends a dragon in the Pacific Northwest, and the ensuing repercussions of their discovery by the town's local residents. ""Pete's Dragon"" premiered at

performed by Australian singer Helen Reddy (who played Nora in the original film), was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1977. ""Pete's Dragon"" grossed $76.2 million in North America and $67.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $143.7 million, against a budget of $65 million. In the United States and Canada, ""Pete's Dragon"" opened on August 12, 2016, across 3,702 theaters, of which 2,884 were in 3D, and 150 were premium large-format screens, as well as in 57 D-Box and 16 Dolby Cinema sites. It was projected to gross $20–25 million in its opening

million) representing its largest takings. Moreover, it also opened in France ($1.8 million). It had just a 1% drop in attendance in the U.K. in its second weekend. It expanded to Germany the following weekend and continued its roll out in Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Korea throughout September, and finally Japan on December 23, 2016. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 88%, based on 217 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, """"Pete's Dragon"" continues Disney's current live-action winning streak with an update that gives the original a visual overhaul

"Pete's Dragon (1977 film)"
by British filmmaker Don Chaffey, who had made two smaller films for Disney in the early 1960s between directing larger fantasy adventures (""Jason and the Argonauts"", ""One Million Years B.C."") for others. The lighthouse for the film was built on Point Buchon Trail located south of Los Osos, California, substituting for Maine. It was equipped with such a large beacon that Disney had to get special permission from the Coast Guard to operate it, since doing so during filming would have confused passing ships. Pacific Gas and Electric opened the Point Buchon Trail and allows hikers access to where filming

Blu-ray, DVD and digital download on November 29, 2016. The film topped the home video sales charts for the week ending on December 4, 2016. Pete's Dragon (2016 film) Pete's Dragon is a 2016 American fantasy comedy-drama adventure film directed by David Lowery, written by Lowery and Toby Halbrooks, and produced by James Whitaker. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1977 live-action/animated musical film of the same name written by Malcolm Marmorstein. The film stars Bryce Dallas Howard, Oakes Fegley, Wes Bentley, Karl Urban, Oona Laurence, and Robert Redford. The film tells the story of an orphaned feral

the El Capitan Theatre on August 8, 2016 and was theatrically released by Walt Disney Pictures in the United States in 2D, Disney Digital 3-D, and RealD 3D formats on August 12, 2016. The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed $144 million worldwide against a $65 million production budget. In 1977, Pete Healy, a five-year-old boy, is on a road trip with his parents when their car flips off the road following a near-collision with a deer. Pete’s mom and dad are killed, but Pete survives the accident and is chased into the forest by a pack

feature-length film. However, Disney considered the project to be more appropriate for his ""Disneyland"" anthology program, by which it was slated to be filmed as a two-part episode in the following year. In February 1958, ""Variety"" reported that filming was scheduled to begin in October. By the following spring, veteran screenwriter Noel Langley had completed his draft of the script. However, Disney was still unsure of how to approach the project, and the project was placed in turnaround. In 1968, writers Bill Raynor and Myles Wilder were hired to write the script, and completed their outline in October. They submitted

"Cristiano Ronaldo"
prolific goalscoring run towards the very end of the season. For the first time in his career, he scored five goals in one game, including an eight-minute hat-trick, in a 9–1 rout of Granada on 5 April. His 300th goal for his club followed three days later in a 2–0 win against Rayo Vallecano. Subsequent hat-tricks against Sevilla, Espanyol, and Getafe took his number of hat-tricks for Real Madrid to 31, surpassing Di Stéfano's club record of 28 trebles. As a result, Ronaldo finished the season with 48 goals, two ahead of his total in the 2011–12 season, despite having

new personal best of 61 goals in all competitions, starting with both goals in Real Madrid's 2–0 victory over Sevilla in the UEFA Super Cup. He subsequently achieved his best-ever goalscoring start to a league campaign, with a record 15 goals in the first eight rounds of La Liga, including a four-goal haul against Elche and hat-tricks against Deportivo La Coruña and Athletic Bilbao. His record 23rd hat-trick in La Liga, scored against Celta Vigo on 6 December, made him the fastest player to reach 200 goals in the Spanish league, as he reached the milestone in only his 178th

title in four years, with a record 100 points. Following a hat-trick against Levante, further increasing Madrid's lead over Barcelona, he scored his 100th league goal for Madrid in a 5–1 win over Real Sociedad on 24 March 2012, a milestone he reached in just 92 matches across three seasons, breaking the previous club record held by Ferenc Puskás. Another hat-trick in the Madrid derby against Atlético Madrid brought his total to 40 league goals, equalling his record of the previous season. On 21 April Ronaldo scored the winner in a 2–1 victory over Barcelona at the Camp Nou, which

missed two matches in February for assaulting a Córdoba player. In addition to a second consecutive Pichichi, he won the European Golden Shoe for a record fourth time. At the start of his seventh season at Real Madrid, the 2015–16 campaign, Ronaldo became the club's all-time top scorer, first in the league and then in all competitions. His five-goal haul in a 6–0 away win over Espanyol on 12 September took his tally in La Liga to 230 goals in 203 games, surpassing the club's previous recordholder, Raúl. A month later, on 17 October, he again surpassed Raúl when he

the opening goal in United's 3–0 victory over Millwall in the FA Cup final, earning his first trophy. At the start of 2005, Ronaldo played two of his best matches of the 2004–05 season, producing a goal and an assist against Aston Villa and scoring twice against rivals Arsenal. He played the full 120 minutes of the decisive match against Arsenal in the FA Cup final, which ended in a goalless draw, and scored his attempt in the lost penalty shootout. He scored Manchester United's 1000th Premier League goal on 29 October, their only strike in a 4–1 loss to

2–1 ""Clásico"" victory on 2 April, he scored a hat-trick against VfL Wolfsburg to send his club into the Champions League semi-finals despite a 2–0 first-leg defeat. The treble took his tally in the competition to 16 goals, making him the top scorer for the fourth consecutive season, and the fifth overall. Suffering apparent fitness issues, Ronaldo gave a poorly-received performance in the final against Atlético Madrid, in a repeat of the 2014 final, though his penalty in the subsequent shoot-out secured ""La Undécima"", Madrid's 11th victory. For the sixth successive year, he ended the season having scored more than

the group stage on goal difference. Ronaldo scored five goals, including a hat-trick against Armenia, in the qualification for Euro 2016. With the only goal in another victory over Armenia on 14 November 2014, he reached 23 goals in the European Championship, including qualifying matches, to become the competition's all-time leading goalscorer. At the start of the tournament, however, Ronaldo failed to convert his chances in Portugal's draws against Iceland and Austria, despite taking a total of 20 shots on goal. In the latter match, he overtook Luís Figo as his nation's most capped player with his 128th international appearance,

to keep him with Madrid until 2021. On 19 November, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 away win against Atlético Madrid, making him the all-time top scorer in the Madrid derby with 18 goals. On 15 December, Ronaldo scored his 500th club career goal in the 2–0 victory over Club América in the semi-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup. He then scored a hat-trick in the 4–2 win over Japanese club Kashima Antlers in the final. Ronaldo finished the tournament as top scorer with four goals and was also named the best player of the tournament. He won

million (£80 million). With Real Madrid, Ronaldo won 15 trophies, including two La Liga titles, two Copas del Rey, four UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Super Cups, and three FIFA Club World Cups. Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, Ronaldo scored a record 34 La Liga hat-tricks, including a record-tying eight hat-tricks in the 2014–15 season and is the only player to reach 30 goals in six consecutive La Liga seasons. After joining Madrid, Ronaldo finished runner-up for the Ballon d'Or three times, behind Lionel Messi, his perceived career rival, before winning back-to-back Ballons d'Or in 2013 and 2014. After

At the start of the 2017–18 season, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 3–1 Supercopa de España first-leg victory over Barcelona at Camp Nou. Having received a yellow card for taking his shirt off during his goal celebration, he was sent off for a second yellow card offence minutes later before he shoved the referee lightly to depict his dissatisfaction. He was issued a five-match suspension following the match. In his 400th game for Real Madrid, Ronaldo scored two goals away to Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League, taking his club tally to 411 goals. On 23 October, his

"The Getaway World Tour"
band, will serve as opening act on all North American dates while Trombone Shorty and Orleans Avenue, Babymetal, IRONTOM and Deerhoof will serve as opening acts at various dates on the leg. At the opening show on the North American leg in San Antonio on January 5, 2017, the band performed ""Breaking the Girl"" for the first time since October 2012. ""The Zephyr Song"" was performed for the first time in the United States since July 2004 during the band's show of January 8, 2017 in Dallas, Texas. At that same show, Josh teased a cover of David Bowie's ""The

"The Bamboozle"
help celebrate its 10-year anniversary. It was later confirmed on their website and in various chats with John D. The three-day music and pop culture event will be staged at North Beach Asbury Park, New Jersey, May 18, 19 and 20, 2012 with Incubus, Foo Fighters, Mac Miller, Skrillex, Bon Jovi, Brand New and My Chemical Romance as the headliners. Originally Blink-182 was to perform but was replaced by My Chemical Romance when Blink-182 had to cancel due to medical issues that Travis Barker had. Bamboozle refused to accept refunds for anyone who no longer wished to attend once the

"Away from Home Tour"
serves as the headline act. The concert tour, which featured k-os and Francis & The Lights as initial opening acts, is in support of Drake's debut studio album and extended play, ""Thank Me Later"" and ""So Far Gone"", respectively. Most of the track-list from these projects were performed, such as singles ""Best I Ever Had"", ""I'm Goin' In"", ""Successful"" and concert closer ""Over"". Additional singles where Drake acts as a featured artist were also performed, including ""I Invented Sex"", ""BedRock"", and ""Forever"". Despite bookings for a European leg of the tour, it was ultimately scrapped in favor of domestic support

"16th Annual Honda Civic Tour"
16th Annual Honda Civic Tour The 16th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour headlined by American rock band OneRepublic. Sponsored by Honda and produced by Marketing Factory, the tour also features Fitz and The Tantrums and James Arthur. The tour began on July 7, 2017 in Kansas City and concluded on September 27, 2017 in Shanghai. The band announced that they would headline the 16th Annual Honda Civic Tour. In an Instagram video, frontman Ryan Tedder stated: Our best memories come from summer tours in the U.S. and the Honda Civic tour has been the benchmark of summer

"Boy Meets World Tour"
in Melbourne, Australia on the November 20, 2017. The opening acts for the Australian and New Zealand concerts, were Boi-1da and Pi'erre Bourne both with opening DJ sets. Boy Meets World Tour The Boy Meets World Tour was the fifth headlining tour by Canadian recording artist Drake, to support his album ""Views"" (2016), and his playlist ""More Life"" (2017). The European leg began on January 28, 2017, at the Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam and the European leg concluded at the same place on March 29, 2017. The opening acts for the European leg was the Canadian R&B duo named dvsn

"÷ Tour"
new dates to be added in London, Turin and Santiago. On 13 February 2017 it was announced that he would be part of the line up for a week of gigs at the Royal Albert Hall in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust taking place on 28 March 2017. On 22 February 2017, Sheeran announced that Anne-Marie and Ryan McMullan would be the opening acts for the European dates. On 8 March 2017, Sheeran announced the North American leg. James Blunt was announced as the opening act, except for Indianapolis and Cleveland, where the opener was Joshua Radin. On 10

"Evolve World Tour"
2017. In May, the band had announced the Evolve Tour in support of the album. On September 18, 2017 they announced 23 further dates, extending the tour to Europe. The Tour began on September 26, 2017. K. Flay was the opening act for their first US tour leg and their UK and Europe shows. In December, the band announced six shows in Australia and New Zealand.<ref name=""AU/NZ Tour""></ref> Singer-songwriter Grace VanderWaal is the opening act in the tour's 2018 summer leg in North America. This set list is representative of the show at The LA Forum in Inglewood, California on

"Latitude Festival"
be Two Door Cinema Club, but after their singer fell ill, Lily Allen headlined Friday night. Also announced to be performing include: Röyksopp, Robyn, Haim, Billy Bragg, Bombay Bicycle Club, Tame Impala, Slowdive, Hall & Oates, First Aid Kit, Booker T. Jones, Anna Calvi, Phosphorescent, Nils Frahm, Goat, Cass McCombs, Willis Earl Beal, Marika Hackman, San Fermin, Son Lux and Josephine Foster. On 20 January Damon Albarn was announced as the festival's second headliner via Twitter. The main headliners were The Black Keys Headliners from the i Arena including: James Holden (Live) <BR>Young Fathers <BR>Future Islands <BR>Nils Frahm Headliners from

"East African Community"
union was signed in March 2004, which commenced on 1 January 2005. Kenya, the region's largest exporter, continued to pay duties on goods entering the other four countries on a declining scale until 2010. A common system of tariffs will apply to goods imported from third-party countries. On 30 November 2016 it was declared that the immediate aim would be confederation rather than federation. The presidents of Kenya and Rwanda invited the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan to apply for membership upon the independence of South Sudan in 2011, and South Sudan was reportedly an applicant country as of mid-July

reported that South Sudan could be admitted as early as November 2015 when the heads of East African States had their summit meeting. South Sudan was eventually approved for membership to the bloc in March 2016, and signed a treaty of accession in April 2016. It had six months to ratify the agreement, which it did on 5 September, at which point it formally acceded to the community. It does not yet participate to the same extent as the other members. The geographical region encompassed by the EAC covers an area of , with a combined population of about 173,583,000.

Uganda have cooperated with each other since the early 20th century. The customs union between Kenya and Uganda in 1917, which Tanganyika joined in 1927, was followed by the East African High Commission (EAHC) from 1948 to 1961, the East African Common Services Organization (EACSO) from 1961 to 1967, and the 1967 to 1977 EAC. Burundi and Rwanda joined the EAC on 6 July 2009. Inter-territorial co-operation between the Kenya Colony, the Uganda Protectorate, and the Tanganyika Territory was formalised in 1948 by the EAHC. This provided a customs union, a common external tariff, currency, and postage. It also dealt

"East African Community Treaty"
East African Community Treaty The treaty for the establishment of the East African Community was signed on 30 November 1999 and entered into force on 7 July 2000 following its ratification by the original three Partner States – Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Burundi acceded to the Treaty on 18 June 2007 and became full members of the Community with effect from 1 July 2007. The accord established the East African Community whereby all participating nations agreed to establish more cooperative commercial and political relations for their cumulative 133 million citizens. The treaty

went into effect on July 7, 2000. East African Community Treaty The treaty for the establishment of the East African Community was signed on 30 November 1999 and entered into force on 7 July 2000 following its ratification by the original three Partner States – Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Burundi acceded to the Treaty on 18 June 2007 and became full members of the Community with effect from 1 July 2007. The accord established the East African Community whereby all participating nations agreed to establish more cooperative commercial and political relations for

arap Moi of Kenya, Ali Hassan Mwinyi of Tanzania, and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda signed the Treaty for East African Co-operation in Kampala on 1993 and established a Tri-partite Commission for Co-operation. A process of re-integration was embarked on involving tripartite programmes of co-operation in political, economic, social and cultural fields, research and technology, defence, security, and legal and judicial affairs. The EAC was revived on 30 November 1999, when the treaty for its re-establishment was signed. It came into force on 7 July 2000, 23 years after the collapse of the previous community and its organs. A customs

the process. In December 2012, Tanzania agreed to South Sudan’s bid to join the EAC, clearing the way for the world’s newest state to become the regional bloc’s sixth member. In May 2013 the EAC set aside US$82,000 for the admission of South Sudan into the bloc even though admission may not happen until 2016. The process, to start after the EAC Council of Ministers meeting in August 2013, was projected to take at least four years. At the 14th Ordinary Summit held in Nairobi in 2012, EAC heads of state approved the verification report that was presented by the

actions toward black Africans, its record of human rights violations, and its history of hostilities with both Uganda and South Sudan, it was ineligible to join. Sudan's application was rejected by the EAC in December 2011. Representatives of Somalia applied for membership in the EAC in March 2012. The application was considered by the EAC Heads of State in December 2012, which requested that the EAC Council work with Somalia to verify their application. In February 2015, the EAC again deliberated on the matter but deferred a decision as verification had not yet started nor had preparations with the government

"History of South Sudan"
This agreement lasted until 2011, when South Sudan declared independence. From 9–15 January 2011 people from South Sudan voted on whether they should break away from Sudan and declare independence. On 30 January 2011, the results had shown that 98.83% of the population had voted for independence from Sudan. At midnight on 9 July 2011, South Sudan became an independent country under the name Republic of South Sudan. On 14 July 2011, South Sudan became the 193rd member state of the United Nations. On 28 July 2011, South Sudan joined the African Union as its 54th member state. Certain disputes

"South Sudan"
Nuba Mountains. On 9 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations. On 27 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th country to join the African Union. South Sudan was at war with at least seven armed groups in 9 of its 10 states, with tens of thousands displaced. The fighters accuse the government of plotting to stay in power indefinitely, not fairly representing and supporting all tribal groups while neglecting development in rural areas. Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) also

1870s by the Royal Engineers A.F.C. Prior to the first meeting of the Football Association in the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London on 26 October 1863, there were no universally accepted rules for the playing of the game of football. The founder members present at the first meeting were Barnes, Civil Service, Crusaders, Forest of Leytonstone (later to become Wanderers), N.N. (No Names) Club (Kilburn), the original Crystal Palace, Blackheath, Kensington School, Percival House (Blackheath), Surbiton and Blackheath Proprietary School; Charterhouse sent its captain, B.F. Hartshorne, but declined the offer to join. All of the 12 founding clubs

"London Football Association"
is said to be the inventor of the international cap. The London FA’s other claim to fame is that its representative team was the first ever English team to play in a European final, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final in 1958 where they lost over two legs to Barcelona. It has had many headquarters since its foundation in 1882, including Paternoster Row, St. Mark’s College Chelsea, Finsbury Barracks, Leytonstone, Manor Park, Barking, and Lewisham. It even stayed temporarily at Upton Park and Highbury during the Second World War, having been bombed out of its previous homes. The current headquarters in

the final. Tottenham Hotspur were the first club in Britain to win a European trophy, winning the Cup Winners Cup in 1963. Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur are London's most successful teams. Between them, they have won a total of 99 titles and trophies. Wembley Stadium, England's national stadium, is in London. It is the home venue of the England national football team and has traditionally hosted the FA Cup Final since 1923. The playing of team ball games (almost certainly including football) was first recorded in London by William FitzStephen around 1174-1183. He described the activities of London youths

a hypothetical London franchise. Although American football in the United Kingdom has historically been a niche sport, British interest in the NFL peaked in the 1980s, in which time London hosted some pre-season games; during the 1990s, the city hosted the London Monarchs in the league's developmental Europe League. However, as all NFL Europe franchises outside Germany and the Netherlands, the Monarchs were ultimately relocated due to lack of public interest. Popular interest waned with the growth of Premier League in the 1990s, although it grew again from 2007 following the establishment of the International Series. It also led to

having been founded in 1879. However, Isthmian League side Cray Wanderers is the oldest extant club in all of the Greater London area, having been founded in 1860 in St Mary Cray | (then part of Kent but now in the London Borough of Bromley). Initially, football in London was dominated by amateur teams, drawing their membership from former public schoolboys but gradually working-class sides came to the forefront. Royal Arsenal was London's first professional team, becoming so in 1891, a move which saw them boycotted by the amateur London Football Association. Other London clubs soon followed Arsenal's footsteps in

were from London though many are since defunct or now play rugby union. A rise in the popularity of football in London dates from the end of the 19th century, when a fall in church attendance left many people searching for a way to spend their weekend leisure time. In 1882 the London Football Association was set up. Over the next 25 years clubs sprang up all over the capital, and the majority of these teams are still thriving in the 21st century. Of those clubs currently playing in the Football League, Fulham is generally considered to be London's oldest,

during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday. Regular references to the game occurred throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, including the first reference to the word ""football"" in English when it was outlawed by King Henry IV of England in 1409. Early games were probably disorganised and violent. In the sixteenth century, the headmaster of St Paul's School Richard Mulcaster is credited with taking mob football and transforming it into organised and refereed team football. In 1581 he wrote about his game of football, which included smaller teams, referees, set positions and even a coach. The modern game of football

"History of football in England"
was caused by the issue of handling the ball. The world's oldest football clubs were founded in England from 1789 and, in the 1871–72 season, the FA Cup was founded as the world's first organised competition. The first international match took place in November 1872 when England travelled to Glasgow to play Scotland. The quality of Scottish players was such that northern English clubs began offering them professional terms to move south. At first, the FA was strongly opposed to professionalism and that gave rise to a bitter dispute from 1880 until the FA relented and formally legitimised professionalism in

"The Football Association"
(1863–66) and its second president (1867–74) and drafted the Laws of the Game generally called the ""London Rules"" at his home in Barnes, London. As a player, he played in the first-ever match in 1863. The first version of the rules for the modern game was drawn up over a series of six meetings held in The Freemasons' Tavern from October till December. Of the clubs at the first meeting, Crusaders, Surbiton and Charterhouse did not attend the subsequent meetings, replaced instead by the Royal Navy School, Wimbledon School and Forest School. At the final meeting, F. M. Campbell, the

1885. A shortage of competitive matches led to the formation of the Football League by twelve professional clubs in 1888 and the domestic game has ever since then been based on the foundation of league and cup football. The competitiveness of matches involving professional teams generated widespread interest, especially amongst the working class. Attendances increased significantly through the 1890s and the clubs had to build larger grounds to accommodate them. Typical ground construction was mostly terracing for standing spectators with limited seating provided in a grandstand built centrally alongside one of the pitch touchlines. Through media coverage, football became a

the world's tallest jain statue is located in which state of india

"Statue of Ahimsa"
Statue of Ahimsa The Statue of Ahimsa is located at Mangi-Tungi, near Nashik in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the tallest Jain statue in the world. The statue depicts the first Jain Tirthankara, Rishabhanatha. The statue is 108 feet (32.9 meters) tall – 121 feet (36.8 meters) including pedestal. The statue has been carved out of the Mangi-Tungi hills, which are considered to be sacred by the Jains. This statue holds the Guinness world record for the tallest Jain Idol. The certificate was awarded to Ganini Gyanmati Mataji, Chandnamati Mataji and Swami Ravindrakirtiji on 6 March 2016. The

"Adiyogi Shiva statue"
Adiyogi Shiva statue The ""Adiyogi"" statue is a excluding plinth, and statue of the Hindu deity Shiva with white Thirunamam at Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, which has been recognized by the ""Guinness World Records"" as the ""Largest Bust Sculpture” in the world. Designed by Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev, founder of the Isha Foundation, it was built by the foundation and weighs around . Sadhguru said that the statue is for inspiring and promoting yoga, and is named ""Adiyogi"", which means ""the first yogi"", because Shiva is known as the originator of yoga. ""Adiyogi"" was inaugurated on 24

"Kailashnath Mahadev Statue"
national holidays, and Hindu festivals. Due to the number of visitors the statue has contributed to the religious tourism in Nepal, both locally and internationally, raised the economic activity of the local community, and has made an impact in the development of nearby villages. Kailashnath Mahadev Statue Kailashnath Mahadev Statue () is the world's tallest Shiva statue. It is situated in Sanga, on the border of the Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchwok districts in Nepal, about 20 km from Kathmandu. The statue is 143 feet (43.5 m) in height, and was made using copper, zinc, concrete, and steel. According to the List

"Shiv Smarak"
Shiv Smarak The Shiv Smarak or the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Memorial is a monument under-construction dedicated to Shivaji, the 17th century Indian warrior king and founder of the Maratha Empire. The statue will be located in the Arabian Sea, near the coast of Mumbai city in the Indian state Maharashtra. The statue will be located facing Mumbai's Girgaum Chowpatty beach, away on a manmade island of rocks. The statue will be in height, placed on top of a pedestal, making the total height of the monument . Statue was initially planned for 192 metres, however was increased to 212 metres

Rishabhanatha
Officials from the Guinness Book of World Records visited Mangi Tungi and awarded the engineer of the 108 ft tall ""Rishabhdeva"" statue, C R Patil, the official certificate for the world's tallest Jain idol. In Madhya Pradesh, there is the Bawangaja (meaning ) hill, near Barwani with a Gommateshvara figure covered on the top of it. This site is important to Jain pilgrims particularly on the full moon day in January. The site has a Rishabanatha statue carved from a volcanic rock. The Rishabhanatha Statue at Gopachal Hill, Gwalior Fort, Madhya Pradesh. Thousands of Jain idols including 58.4 foot idol

February 2017 by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, on the occasion of Maha Shivaratria Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of Shiva. The Indian Ministry of Tourism has included the statue as a consecration destination in its official Incredible India campaign. The Adiyogi Statue has been recognized as the ""Largest Bust Sculpture"" by Guinness World Records. ""Adiyogi"" is located at the Isha Yoga complex which houses the Dhyanalinga in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu at the foothills of Velliangiri Mountains, a range in the Western Ghats. The statue was designed over two years and manufactured within eight months. The bust

and various buildings like the arch, road, a parking lot and ""mandapams"" (outdoor hall or pavilion) were constructed without taking proper approvals. The matter is currently ""sub judice"" as the High Court will await for responses from all the concerned twelve respondents in the case before taking the decision. Adiyogi Shiva statue The ""Adiyogi"" statue is a excluding plinth, and statue of the Hindu deity Shiva with white Thirunamam at Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, which has been recognized by the ""Guinness World Records"" as the ""Largest Bust Sculpture” in the world. Designed by Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev,

attained salvation from the hills. The idol of Lord Rishabhanatha, carved out of a single rock, is tall ( including pedestal) and 1840 sq feet in size, and is said to be the world's tallest Jain idol. It is located above from sea level, near Mangi-Tungi hills in Baglan taluka. Officials from the Guinness Book of World Records visited Mangi Tungi and awarded the engineer of the 108 ft tall ""Rishabhdeva"" statue, C R Patil, the official certificate for the world's tallest Jain idol. The rural development department, led by minister Pankaja Munde, approved the initial funds of for the

"Khajuraho (town)"
Khajuraho (town) Khajuraho is a town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District.One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the country's largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculpture. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 and is considered one of the ""seven wonders"" of India.The town's name, anciently ""Kharjuravahaka"", is derived from the Sanskrit word ""kharjur"" meaning ""date palm"". Khajuraho has an average elevation of 283 metres (928 feet). India census Khajuraho had a population of 24,481.

Kailashnath Mahadev Statue Kailashnath Mahadev Statue () is the world's tallest Shiva statue. It is situated in Sanga, on the border of the Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchwok districts in Nepal, about 20 km from Kathmandu. The statue is 143 feet (43.5 m) in height, and was made using copper, zinc, concrete, and steel. According to the List of statues by height, Kailashnath Mahadev is the world's fortieth-tallest statue, four places after the Statue of Liberty. Designed to resemble images of the Hindu god, Lord Shiva, and seen as a marvel of Nepalese engineering, the statue's construction began in 2003 and was

"Adolph Fischer"
for a meeting the following night in the Haymarket. Fischer was charged with printing handbills to announce the meeting. The first handbills, which were printed in English and German, contained the line ""Workingmen, arm yourselves and appear in full force."" Spies, who had been invited to speak at the meeting refused unless this line was removed, so Fischer prepared another circular without the offending line. Fischer attended the Haymarket meeting the following night and listened to speeches by Spies, Albert Parsons, and Samuel Fielden. Towards the end of Fielden's speech, he went to a local saloon, Zepf's Hall, which is

"Ides of March"
William Shakespeare's play ""Julius Caesar"", when Caesar is warned by the soothsayer to ""beware the Ides of March."" The Roman biographer Suetonius identifies the ""seer"" as a haruspex named Spurinna. Caesar's death was a closing event in the crisis of the Roman Republic, and triggered the civil war that would result in the rise to sole power of his adopted heir Octavian (later known as Augustus). Writing under Augustus, Ovid portrays the murder as a sacrilege, since Caesar was also the Pontifex Maximus of Rome and a priest of Vesta. On the fourth anniversary of Caesar's death in 40 BC,

"Evil May Day"
Edward Hall (c. 1498–1547), a fortnight before the riot an inflammatory xenophobic speech was made on Easter Tuesday by a Dr Bell at St. Paul's Cross at the instigation of John Lincoln, a broker. Bell called on all ""Englishmen to cherish and defend themselves, and to hurt and grieve aliens for the common weal"". Over the following two weeks there were sporadic attacks on foreigners and rumors abounded that ""on May Day next the city would rebel and slay all aliens"". The mayor and aldermen, afraid of any possible disturbances, announced on 8:30 pm 30 April that there would be

a privileged liberty north of St Paul's Cathedral where numerous foreigners lived. Here they were met by the under-sheriff of London, Thomas More, who attempted in vain to persuade them to return to their homes. As soon as More had calmed them, however, the inhabitants of St Martin started to throw stones, bricks, bats and boiling water from their windows, some of which fell on an official who screamed: ""Down with them!"" This sparked panic in the mob and they looted foreigners' houses there and elsewhere in the city, although no one was killed. The Duke of Norfolk entered the

"March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom"
King Jr. Rustin then read the march's official demands for the crowd's approval, and Randolph led the crowd in a pledge to continue working for the march's goals. The program was closed with a benediction by Morehouse College president Benjamin Mays. Although one of the officially stated purposes of the march was to support the civil rights bill introduced by the Kennedy Administration, several of the speakers criticized the proposed law as insufficient. Two government agents stood by in a position to cut power to the microphone if necessary. Roy Wilkins announced that W. E. B. Du Bois had died

which Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar was stabbed to death at a meeting of the Senate. As many as 60 conspirators, led by Brutus and Cassius, were involved. According to Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar no later than the Ides of March. On his way to the Theatre of Pompey, where he would be assassinated, Caesar passed the seer and joked, ""The Ides of March are come"", implying that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied ""Aye, Caesar; but not gone."" This meeting is famously dramatised in

Agitator
the Generals formed a new body called the Army Council which after a meeting near Newmarket, Suffolk on Friday 4 June 1647 issued """"A Solemne Engagement of the Army, under the Command of his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax"""" to Parliament on 8 June making their concerns known, and also the constitution of the Army Council so that Parliament would understand that the discontent was army-wide and had the support of both officers and other ranks. This Engagement was read out to the army at a general meeting on 5 June. A few weeks later, there was another meeting while the

"Manifesto of the Ninety-Three"
Manifesto of the Ninety-Three The ""Manifesto of the Ninety-Three"" is the name commonly given to a 4 October 1914, proclamation endorsed by 93 prominent German scientists, scholars and artists, declaring their unequivocal support of German military actions in the early period of World War I. These actions were elsewhere called the Rape of Belgium. The Manifesto galvanized support for the war throughout German schools and universities, but many foreign intellectuals were outraged. Wilhelm Foerster soon repented having signed the document and soon with Georg Friedrich Nicolai they drew up the ""Manifesto to the Europeans"". They argued ""it seems not just

"Demonstration of 20 June 1792"
that the guard should be dissolved and its commander, the Duc de Brissac, arrested. This decree was executed immediately. The third decree provided for a camp of 20,000 ""fédérés"" (French National Guardsmen) to be assembled on 14 June near Paris. French general Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey made this proposition on 4 June, reportedly without consulting either his colleagues or the king. He argued that the initiative was necessary to establish tranquility in the country. The decree itself stated that its purpose was to improve fraternity between the departments of France. However, discussions in the Assembly indicated that the decree's

"History of the hippie movement"
of the hippie movements parodying as a political party, came to national attention during their celebration of the 1968 spring equinox, when some 3,000 of them took over Grand Central Station in New York — eventually resulting in 61 arrests. The Yippies, especially their leaders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, became notorious for their theatrics, such as trying to levitate the Pentagon at the October 1967 war protest, and such slogans as ""Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball!"" Their stated intention to protest the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago in August, including nominating their own candidate, ""Lyndon Pigasus

"Toronto Maple Leafs"
multi-purpose facility, with a Loblaws grocery store occupying retail space on the lower floors, and an athletics arena for Ryerson University, occupying another level. The Maple Leafs presently use two facilities in the City of Toronto. The club moved from the Gardens on February 20, 1999, to their current home arena, the Scotiabank Arena, a multi-purpose indoor entertainment arena on Bay Street in Downtown Toronto. The arena is owned by the Maple Leafs' parent company MLSE, and is shared with the NBA's Toronto Raptors (another MLSE subsidiary), as well as the National Lacrosse League's Toronto Rock. In addition to the

"Rogers Centre"
Rogers Centre Rogers Centre, originally named SkyDome, is a multi-purpose stadium in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated just southwest of the CN Tower near the northern shore of Lake Ontario. Opened in 1989 on the former Railway Lands, it is home to the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). Previously, the stadium was home to the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) played an annual game at the stadium as part of the Bills Toronto Series from

broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The Maple Leafs moved to their present home, Scotiabank Arena (originally named the Air Canada Centre) in February 1999. The club was founded in 1917, operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas. Under new ownership, the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919. In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs. A member of

main arena, the Maple Leafs also operate a practice facility at the MasterCard Centre for Hockey Excellence. Opened in 2009 by the Lakeshore Lions Club, the arena adopted the name of the Lions' old arena, the Lakeshore Lions Arena. Facing financial difficulties, in September 2011, the City of Toronto took over ownership of the arena from the Lions' Club. It is now a City of Toronto controlled Corporation. Renamed the Mastercard Centre, the facility has three NHL rinks and one Olympic-sized rink. The team is represented through a number of images and symbols, including the maple leaf logo found on

"Scotiabank Arena"
Scotiabank Arena Scotiabank Arena, formerly the Air Canada Centre, is a multi-purpose arena located on Bay Street in the South Core district of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). In addition, the minor league Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Raptors 905 of the NBA G League play occasional games at the arena. The area was previously home to the Toronto Phantoms of the

Bear, an anthropomorphic polar bear whose name and number (#60) comes from the location of Maple Leaf Gardens at 60 Carlton Street, where the Leafs played throughout much of their history. Carlton made his first public appearance on July 29, 1995. He later made his regular season appearance on October 10, 1995. The Maple Leafs are presently affiliated with two minor league teams, the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League, and the Newfoundland Growlers of the ECHL. The Marlies play from Coca-Cola Coliseum in Toronto. Prior to its move to Coca-Cola Coliseum in 2005, the team was located in

From 1912 until 1931, the Arena was ice hockey's premier site in Toronto. The Arena Gardens was the third arena in Canada to feature a mechanically-frozen, or artificial, ice surface, and for 11 years was the only such facility in Eastern Canada. The Arena was demolished in 1989, with most of the site converted to residential developments. In 2011, parts of the site were made into a city park, known as Arena Gardens. In 1931, over a six-month period, Conn Smythe built Maple Leaf Gardens on the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street, at a cost of C$1.5

"Maple Leaf Gardens"
Maple Leaf Gardens Maple Leaf Gardens is a historic building located at the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building was initially constructed as an arena to host ice hockey games, but has since been reconstructed for other uses. Today, Maple Leaf Gardens is a multi-purpose facility, with Loblaws occupying retail space on the lower floors and an arena for Toronto's Ryerson University, known as Mattamy Athletic Centre at the Gardens, occupying the top level. Considered one of the ""cathedrals"" of ice hockey, it was home to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the

Toronto
The city's major sports venues include the Scotiabank Arena (formerly Air Canada Centre), Rogers Centre (formerly SkyDome), Coca-Cola Coliseum (formerly Ricoh Coliseum), and BMO Field. Toronto is home to the Toronto Maple Leafs, one of the National Hockey League's Original Six clubs, and has also served as home to the Hockey Hall of Fame since 1958. The city had a rich history of ice hockey championships. Along with the Maple Leafs' 13 Stanley Cup titles, the Toronto Marlboros and St. Michael's College School-based Ontario Hockey League teams, combined, have won a record 12 Memorial Cup titles. The Toronto Marlies of

"Snow Dogs"
the backwoods village of Tolketna. Brooks' mother Amelia reveals that he is adopted; Lucy was his biological mother. Ted travels to Tolketna to claim his inheritance from Lucy: seven Siberian Huskies named Diesel, Mack, Sniff, Yodel, Scooper, Duchess and Demon, and a Border Collie named Nana. In Tolketna, he discovers his roots. Totally out of his element, Ted is confounded by blizzards, thin ice, foxes, skunks, grizzly bears, an intimidating, crusty old mountain man named James ""Thunder Jack"" Johnson, and the aggressive, defiant lead dog, Demon. All of this happens with the buzzing excitement of the Arctic Challenge Sled Dog

a couple and get married. She has become his receptionist and is pregnant, and Nana and Demon have four puppies named Avalanche, Little Aleutia, Chinook, and Demon Jr. Back in Miami, Ted's cousin Rupert (Sisqó) becomes the new celebrity dentist, now with his face on every city bus. In some scenes, the faces of the dogs are partially animated to give them human expressions like winking or smiling. The animatronic version of Demon was created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop and performed by David Barclay. The film's budget was US$33 million. Canmore, Alberta, Canada was used to film the fictional

them were ready to be parents. Ted also discovers that Demon's bad temper was because of a bad tooth. He pulls the rotten tooth and Demon becomes more open and friendly (despite keeping his name). During the journey back to Tolketna, the sled nearly goes over a cliff into a river, but the dogs pull themselves back up. Ted finally brings Thunder Jack across the finish line. Ted introduces Thunder Jack to Amelia, and Brooks and Thunder Jack decide to share the ""Arctic Flame"" trophy. Some time later, Ted has moved his dental practice to Tolketna. He and Barb become

Ted agrees. Jack takes Brooks to a cave out in the woods. During an Arctic Challenge, he and Lucy were stranded in that cave, and it was there that Ted was conceived. The next morning, when Thunder Jack woke up, Lucy was gone. He looked for her but never found her. Ted returns to Miami. Thunder Jack adds Demon as lead dog of his team for the Arctic Challenge. Ernie has finished last in the last three Challenges, ""winning"" the ""Arctic Flame"" award as last ""musher"" to cross the finish line. The other mushers all camp at a checkpoint to

dogs with Nana as lead. As he heads back down the trail, he nearly collides with Olivier, who wins the Challenge again. A few hours later, Amelia arrives and meets Barb. She learns that Ted is out on the trail, searching for Jack. The ""Arctic Flame"" is burning over the finish line, until the last musher arrives. Ted eventually locates Thunder Jack in the old cave. Jack admits he and Lucy had been together at the hospital when Ted was born, and that he loved her very much; but that he and Lucy had agreed then that neither one of

Race, which is only two weeks away. Ted tries to find out why he was given up for adoption, and who was his biological father. He meets bar owner Barb, a close friend of Lucy. Barb helps Ted to deal with the dogs and teaches him how to drive a sled, and falls in love with him. Ted has several encounters with Thunder Jack, who tries to buy the dogs, especially Demon. Barb tells Brooks that Thunder Jack is his biological father. Ted confronts Thunder Jack, who offers to tell the truth about Ted's birth in exchange for the dogs;

"Turbo Dogs"
He is voiced by Joris Jarsky. Stinkbert - Stinkbert is a terrier with a strong odor who likes garbage. His colors are chartreuse and goldenrod and his player number is 6. He is a Lakeland Terrier. He is shown to have a cheerful and relaxed personality. One of his talents is cooking. He is voiced by Hadley Kay. Clutch - Clutch is a Turbo Dog who is just a bit of a klutz. He is a Bernese Mountain Dog. While all the dogs like him, he's closest to Strut and Stinkbert than he is to Dash, Mags, or GT. As

"Snowy (character)"
Snowy (character) Snowy ( ) is a fictional character in ""The Adventures of Tintin"", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. Snowy is a white Wire Fox Terrier who is a companion to Tintin, the series' protagonist. Snowy debuted on 10 January 1929 in the first installment of ""Tintin in the Land of the Soviets"", which was serialised in ""Le Petit Vingtième"" until May 1930. Snowy is modeled in part on a Fox Terrier at a café that Hergé used to frequent. Milou, Snowy's original French name, was the nickname of Hergé's first girlfriend. In the first eight Tintin adventures,

precarious situation, Peter uses his Hippo Hurricane Holler to blow away his opponents. A polar bear named Breezly Bruin (voiced by Howard Morris) and his friend Sneezly the Seal (voiced by Mel Blanc) use various schemes to break into an army camp in the frozen north, while trying to stay one step ahead of the camp's leader Colonel Fuzzby (voiced by John Stephenson). Three dogs named Yippee (voiced by Doug Young), Yappee (voiced by Hal Smith), and Yahooey (voiced by Daws Butler) aka The Goofy Guards, work for the King, a short, complaining ruler (voiced by Hal Smith) who is

"History of Hyderabad"
admitted to the Constituent Assembly drafting a constitution for free India. For the next eight years, Hyderabad State continued as a separate state within the union, with its capital Hyderabad. On 1 November 1956, the states of India were reorganized on linguistic grounds and the 7th Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan was made the Rajpramukh based on his administrative abilities. Consequently, the territories of the State of Hyderabad were divided between newly created Andhra Pradesh, Bombay state (later Maharashtra), and Karnataka. Hyderabad and the surrounding areas were annexed into India, and later to Andhra Pradesh based on Telugu linguistic majority,

Hyderabad
with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report ""Thoughts on Linguistic States"", B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India. On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad

of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent. In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (""Dalwai"" of Mysore), Baji Rao I (""Peshwa"" of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian

"Indian annexation of Hyderabad"
between 30,000 & 40,000."" Other responsible observers estimated the number of deaths to be 200,000 or higher. <section end=Lead /> After the Siege of Golconda by Mughal Empire in 1687, the region was renamed as ""Deccan Subah""—(due to its geographical proximity in the Deccan Plateau) and in 1713 Qamar-ud-din Khan—(later known as ""Asaf Jah I"" or ""Nizam I"") was appointed its Subahdar and bestowed with the title of ""Nizam-ul-Mulk"" by the Mughal Emperor. Hyderabad's effective independence is dated to 1724, when the Nizam won a military victory over a rival military appointee. In 1798, Hyderabad became the first Indian princely

Hyderabad
dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for , with the city serving as its capital. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of

into the coastal Andhra region of the Madras state of India, the Indian Government under Home Minister Sardar Patel initiated a police action titled Operation Polo. On 16 September 1948, Indian Army moved into Hyderabad State from five fronts. Four days later, the Hyderabad forces surrendered. The number of dead was a little over 800. The Police Action achieved success within a matter of days. The Nizam finally surrendered and signed the Instrument of Accession to the Indian Union and Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union as a state. In 1955, B. R. Ambedkar, the then chairman of the

Hyderabad
may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as ""Golkonda"" (Golla Konda-""shepherd's hill""), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, northeast of modern Hyderabad. The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khalji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1321, when the

"Hyderabad State"
used as a domestic and international airport for the Nizam's Deccan Airways, the earliest airline in British India. The terminal building was created in 1937. In order to prevent another great flood, the Nizam also constructed two lakes, namely the Osman Sagar and Himayath Sagar. The Osmania General Hospital, Jubilee Hall, Moazzam Jahi Market, State Library (then known as ""Asifia Kutubkhana"") and Public Gardens (then known as ""Bagh e Aam"") were constructed during this period. In 1947 India gained independence and Pakistan came into existence. The British left the local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to

airports in India. The city saw terrorist bomb blasts in May 2007, August 2007 and February 2013. Hyderabad also hosted the 2007 Military World Games and 2009 World Badminton Championships. By the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014, the state of Telangana was separated from Andhra Pradesh as a new 29th state of India, with the city of Hyderabad as its capital. The new state was created on 2nd June, 2014. K. Chandrashekhar Rao was elected as the first Chief Minister of Telangana. Hyderabad would also remain the ""de jure"" capital of Andhra Pradesh for a period of ten years. The

"History of Telangana"
In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent. In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (""Dalwai"" of Mysore), Baji Rao I (""Peshwa"" of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's capital, for which

who made possible the first reproduction of the human voice on the phonograph

"Phonograph record"
singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008. Along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. Unlike the phonautograph, it could both record and reproduce sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no documentary evidence that Edison's phonograph was based on Scott's phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a wax-impregnated paper tape, with the idea of creating a ""telephone repeater"" analogous to the telegraph repeater he

Phonograph
the original 1877 recording. Wax cylinder recordings made by 19th century media legends such as P. T. Barnum and Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth are amongst the earliest verified recordings by the famous that have survived to the present. Alexander Graham Bell and his two associates took Edison's tinfoil phonograph and modified it considerably to make it reproduce sound from wax instead of tinfoil. They began their work at Bell's Volta Laboratory in Washington, D. C., in 1879, and continued until they were granted basic patents in 1886 for recording in wax. Although Edison had invented the phonograph in 1877 the

"Gianni Bettini"
Gianni Bettini Gianni Bettini (1860, Novara – 27 February 1938, San Remo) was a gentleman inventor and a pioneer audiophile who invented several phonograph improvements. He is best known for having made the first (and in some cases only) recordings of the voices of several very famous singers and other celebrities of the 1890s. Unfortunately, few of these recordings have survived. Bettini was born in Novara, Italy. In the 1890s he was a New York socialite, living in the swanky Central Park South neighborhood now in the center of Midtown on the edge of the Theater District. It was there

this idea, and it was not until 1887 that yet another inventor, Emile Berliner, actually photoengraved a phonautograph recording into metal and played it back. Scott's early recordings languished in French archives until 2008, when scholars keen to resurrect the sounds captured in these and other types of early experimental recordings tracked them down. Rather than using rough 19th century technology to create playable versions, they were scanned into a computer and software was used to convert their sound-modulated traces into digital audio files. Brief excerpts from two French songs and a recitation in Italian, all recorded in 1860, are

commercialized in 1890 with the Théâtrophone system, which operated for over forty years until 1932. In 1931, Alan Blumlein, a British electronics engineer working for EMI, designed a way to make the sound of an actor in a film follow his movement across the screen. In December 1931, he submitted a patent including the idea, and in 1933 this became UK patent number 394,325. Over the next two years, Blumlein developed stereo microphones and a stereo disc-cutting head, and recorded a number of short films with stereo soundtracks. In the 1930s, experiments with magnetic tape enabled the development of the

15, 2017, and was released in the United States on June 2, 2017, in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX 3D by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received largely positive reviews, with praise for its acting (particularly by Gadot and Pine), direction, visuals, action sequences, and musical score, although the portrayal of its villains received some criticism. The film set numerous box office records; it is the 8th-highest-grossing superhero film domestically and 24th-highest-grossing film in the United States. It grossed over $821 million worldwide, making it the tenth highest-grossing film of 2017. It also helped the DCEU to push past

"Wonder Woman 1984"
Steel"" and """", the first and second films in the DC Extended Universe. ""Wonder Woman 1984"" is scheduled to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D on June 5, 2020. It was previously set for December 13, 2019, and then moved to November 1, 2019, before settling on its mid-2020 release date. On June 22, 2018, it was reported that Gal Gadot would be attending Warner Bros' DC presentation at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC) 2018, and some footage from the film will be shown to promote it. Director Patty

Island, NY, from July 18 to September 13, 2016. Bea Miller composed a song for the film, ""Brand New Eyes."" It was released on August 3, 2017. ""Wonder"" author R. J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant's song ""Wonder"", from her 1995 album ""Tigerlily"", as the inspiration for her best-selling book and at Merchant's invitation, the song was featured on the soundtrack. The song is played during the film's end credits. Lionsgate had initially scheduled ""Wonder"" to be released in the United States on April 7, 2017. On February 13, 2017, it was announced that the release date had been

features a standalone woman superhero, and 87% wished Hollywood would make more women-led superhero films. In May 2017, NASCAR driver Danica Patrick drove her No. 10 car with a ""Wonder Woman"" paint scheme at the Go Bowling 400 in Kansas and at the Monster Energy Open in Charlotte. ""Wonder Woman"" was released on Digital HD on August 29, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on September 19, 2017. The film debuted at the top spot of both the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart and the Blu-ray Disc sales chart. On May 31, ""Wonder Woman""

"X-Men Blue"
a reference to storylines from the early 1990s when various comics in the X-Men franchise were best-sellers. The first issue was released April 12, 2017 and subsequent issues were released twice monthly. The storyline in ""X-Men Blue"" is a continuation of the 2012 series ""All New X-Men"". In February 2018, the spin-off sister book ""X-Men Red"" was released. The main cast of the book departed to a space mission, narrated in the ""Poison-X"" arc of the ""Venom"" comic book, which set up the ""Venomized"" crossover. Their absence was used to establish a new line-up. In September 2018, the series ended

mall, she discovers super speed, great durability, and the power of flight while fighting off a terrorist attack. DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger ""DC Universe"" banner and naming. The continuity established by Rebirth continues across DC's comic book titles, including volume five of ""Wonder Woman"". Prior to the comic book storyline ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"", Diana invented the Purple Ray in order to heal Steve Trevor from injuries he sustained when his plane was shot down and he was left adrift in the sea for days. Diana is an

$3 billion at the worldwide box office, making it the fourteenth-highest-grossing film franchise of all time. As of August 2018, Rotten Tomatoes has listed the movie as No. 2 on its list of the ""Best Superhero Movies of All Time"", and the American Film Institute selected it as one of the top 10 Movies of the Year. The film received three nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, winning Best Action Movie. A sequel, ""Wonder Woman 1984"", is scheduled to be released on June 5, 2020, with Jenkins returning as director and Gadot reprising her role. In present-day Paris, Diana

of power as a respected producer and director to silence women."" Originally signed for three feature films, with ""Wonder Woman"" and ""Justice League"" being her second and third films, Gadot signed an extension to her contract for additional films. Jenkins initially signed for only one film, but in an interview with ""Variety"", Geoff Johns revealed that he and Jenkins were writing the treatment for a ""Wonder Woman"" sequel and that he has a ""cool idea for the second one"". At the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Warner Bros. officially announced a sequel would be released on December 13, 2019, and

X-Men Blue X-Men Blue was an ongoing comic book published twice monthly by Marvel Comics and initially created by writer Cullen Bunn and artist Jorge Molina. The first issue was released April 12, 2017. It is a continuation of the ""All New X-Men"" series that began in 2012 and features young members of the original X-Men team who have time traveled to the present day. ""X-Men Blue"" and its sister book, ""X-Men Gold"", were created following the crossover series ""Inhumans vs. X-Men"". The new titles were announced October 21, 2016 as part of the ResurrXion brand. The color-coded names are

v Superman: Dawn of Justice"". The film opened in its last market, Japan, on August 25 and debuted to $3.4 million, helping the international gross cross the $400 million mark. The biggest markets of Wonder Woman outside North America are China (US$90 million) followed by Brazil (US$34 million), UK (US$28 million), Australia($23 million) and Mexico($22 million). ""Wonder Woman"" received a largely positive response from film critics, with some calling it the DC Extended Universe's best film, with additional praise highlighting Jenkins's direction, acting, chemistry of Gadot and Pine, musical score, and action sequences. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the

"I Dreamed a Dream"
I Dreamed a Dream ""I Dreamed a Dream"" is a song from the musical ""Les Misérables"". It is a solo that is sung by the character Fantine during the first act. The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by John Cameron. The English lyrics are by Herbert Kretzmer, based on the original French libretto by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel from the original French production. The song is a lament, sung by the anguished Fantine, who has just been fired from her job at the factory and thrown onto the streets. She thinks back to happier days and wonders

"Songs from Les Misérables"
various groups of poor women and men, female workers, solos by certain workers, and repetitious instrumentation. French Versions ""I Dreamed a Dream"" is a solo sung by Fantine during the first act and the play's most famous number. Most of the music is soft and melancholic, but towards the end becomes louder and taut with frustration and anguish as she cries aloud about the wretched state of her life and her unfair mistreatment. Other uses French Versions ""Lovely Ladies"" is a song from the first act. It is followed by ""Fantine's Arrest"" and sometimes the two are counted as one

"Dream (1944 song)"
for Capitol, ""Nice 'n' Easy""), a rendition from blues legend Etta James in 1961, Ringo Starr's version in 1970 album ""Sentimental Journey"", and most recently Michael Bublé's version in 2007. Enoch Light and His Light Brigade Orchestra released their version of Dream in 1955. Canadian jazz pianist and singer Diana Krall included the song in her 2017 studio album ""Turn Up the Quiet"". Dream (1944 song) ""Dream"", sometimes referred to as ""Dream (When You're Feeling Blue)"", is a jazz and pop standard with words and music written by Johnny Mercer in 1944. He originally wrote it as a theme for

Dream (1944 song) ""Dream"", sometimes referred to as ""Dream (When You're Feeling Blue)"", is a jazz and pop standard with words and music written by Johnny Mercer in 1944. He originally wrote it as a theme for his radio program. It has been and performed by many artists, with the most popular versions of this song recorded by The Pied Pipers, Frank Sinatra, and Roy Orbison. For Capitol Records, The Pied Pipers, with lead singer June Hutton, made a version of ""Dream"" (catalog number 185, with the flip side ""Tabby the Cat"") which became a major hit in 1945. Vocal

I dreamed"". Other male singers who have recorded the song include rock singer David Essex on his 1987 album ""Centre Stage"", ""Phantom of the Opera"" star Michael Crawford on his 1987 album ""The Phantom Unmasked"" and on his 1992 release ""With Love"", LuPone's ""Evita"" co-star Mandy Patinkin on his 1994 album ""Experiment"" and British theater star Michael Ball (Marius in the Original London production of ""Les Mis"") on his 1996 album ""The Musicals"". In 1991, Aretha Franklin included a version of the song on her album ""What You See is What You Sweat."" Although not released as a single, Franklin

Marianne Mille as Éponine, Gilles Buhlmann as Marius, Christian Ratellin as Enjolras, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, René-Louis Baron as Combeferre, Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand, Anne Forrez as Mlle. Gillenormand, and Claude Reva as the storyteller. The English-language version, with lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer and additional material by James Fenton, was substantially expanded and reworked from a literal translation by Siobhan Bracke of the original Paris version, in particular adding a prologue to tell Jean Valjean's background story. Kretzmer's lyrics was not a direct ""translation"" of the French, a term that Kretzmer refused to use. A third of the English

production by Herbert Kretzmer, adding the prologue (There was a time...) and cutting the last few lines which became the ending to ""Lovely Ladies"" ('Don't they know they're making love to one already dead'). For the French revival in 1991, the song was loosely translated back from the English version; there are thus two very different French versions of the song. The song, as it appeared in the original Paris production from 1980, was entitled ""J'avais rêvé d'une autre vie"" (""I had dreamed of another life""), and was originally sung by Rose Laurens. The first English-language production of ""Les Misérables""

to be featured in the upcoming deluxe edition of the album. It was well received by music critics and it was very commercially successful, entering the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and reaching the top thirty of the UK Singles Chart, along with entering various other singles charts around the world. On his review of ""Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack"", ""Rolling Stone""s Jody Rosen mentions Hathaway's rendition of the classic as one of the two decent tracks on the compilation, stating that ""There are a couple of redeeming moments on this chart-topping soundtrack; Sacha Baron Cohen has fun

"The Dream Girl (operetta)"
starred Fay Bainter, George LeMaire and Walter Woolf and was staged by J. C. Huffman. The Dream Girl (operetta) The Dream Girl is an operetta in three acts with music by Victor Herbert and book by Rida Johnson Young (who also wrote the lyrics) and Harold R. Atteridge. Based on the 1906 play ""The Road to Yesterday"", by Beulah Marie Dix and Evelyn Greenleaf Sutherland, its satiric story concerns reincarnation. Additional music was written by Sigmund Romberg. The piece was Victor Herbert's last musical composition, and the work was produced posthumously on Broadway in 1924. ""The Dream Girl"" opened at

"Alaska Time Zone"
Alaska Time Zone The Alaska Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting nine hours from Coordinated Universal Time (). During daylight saving time its time offset is eight hours (). The clock time in this zone is based on mean solar time at the 135th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. The zone includes nearly all of the U.S. state of Alaska and is one hour behind the Pacific Time Zone. The western Aleutian Islands observe Hawaii–Aleutian Time, one hour behind the remainder of the state. Effective from 2007, the local time changes from AKST to AKDT at 02:00 LST

Alaskan time zone will be only 8:42 a.m. Very few people notice this, however, as these locations are virtually uninhabited, and for the very few people who do live there, the long days in the summer and short days in the winter make the sunrise and sunset times less important than areas closer to the equator. By contrast, in Juneau, which is much closer to the 135° west meridian, mean solar noon occurs around 11:57 a.m., very close to clock noon. In Anchorage, visitors from more southerly latitudes are often surprised to see the sun set at 11:41 p.m. on

to 03:00 LDT on the second Sunday in March and returns at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the first Sunday in November. Two time zones have been referred to as the ""Alaska Time Zone"": a zone based on UTC−10 that covered much of Central Alaska in the early 20th century, and a zone based on UTC−9 zone that has covered all of the state except the Aleutian Islands since 1983. The Standard Time Act of 1918 authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to define each time zone. The United States Standard Alaska Time was designated as UTC−10. Some references prior

the Pacific Time Zone, while most of the interior was on . Nome and the Aleutians previously observed Bering Standard Time or . In 1975, the Yukon Territory switched to Pacific Standard Time, leaving Yakutat the only land area in the zone. With the reorganization of Alaska's time zones in 1983 to place the entire state in either a zone based on UTC−9 or UTC−10, the Yukon Time Zone based on UTC−9 was renamed the Alaska Time Zone. The Alaska Time Zone applies to the territory of the state of Alaska east of 169°30′ W. Given that the UTC−9 time

to 1967 refer to this zone as Central Alaska Standard Time (CAT) or as Alaska Standard Time (AST). In 1966, the Uniform Time Act renamed the UTC−10 zone to Alaska-Hawaii Standard Time (AHST), effective April 1, 1967. This zone was renamed in 1983 to Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time when the majority of Alaska was moved out of the zone. Prior to 1983, the current Alaska Time Zone (UTC−9) was known as the Yukon Time Zone, observing Yukon Standard Time (YST). This time zone included Canada's Yukon Territory and a small portion of Alaska including Yakutat. The Alaska Panhandle communities were in

the summer solstice while the 'solar time' is 9:41 p.m. This is because at 150° W, Anchorage is one solar hour behind the legal time zone and observes daylight saving time as well. Some local residents refer to this phenomenon as ""double daylight time"". In Fairbanks, the same circumstances cause sunset to occur at 12:47 a.m. the next calendar day and the solar sunset is at 11:01 p.m. Even without daylight saving time, another anomaly is that on the winter solstice in Nome, the sunrise is after ""noon"" clock time, at 12:02 p.m., about 4 hours before sunset at 3:56

corresponds to the solar time at 9 × 15° = 135° W (roughly, Juneau), the westernmost locales of the Alaska Time Zone are off by up to 169°30′ − 135° = 34°30′ from local solar time. This means that when a clock correctly set to Alaska time, at a location just east of 169°30′ W, shows noon, local solar time is around 9:42 a.m. When UTC−8 is applied in the summer (because of daylight saving time), this effect becomes even more apparent. For example, on June 12 at noon AKDT, the solar time at the extreme westerly points of the

p.m. The territory of the state of Alaska spans almost as much longitude as the contiguous United States (57.5° vs. 57.6°) so the use of two time zones will inevitably lead to some distortions. Alaska would ""naturally"" fall into four time zones, but political and logistical considerations have led to the use of two, leading to the distortions mentioned above. Alaska Time Zone The Alaska Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting nine hours from Coordinated Universal Time (). During daylight saving time its time offset is eight hours (). The clock time in this zone is based on mean

"Time in Alaska"
has UTC-9. One hour Daylight saving time is added in summer. The tz database version contains seven time zones for Alaska for historical reasons. Only three (America/Adak, America/Anchorage, and America/Metlakatla) are currently necessary. Time in Alaska Alaska is covered by two time zones, as described below: In 1901, Alaska started to use time zones. Before time zones were introduced, every place used local observation of the sun to set their clocks, which means they used local mean time, every city different based on their longitude. On 18 October 1867 Alaska changed from belonging to Russia (Russian America), to belonging to

that Alaska backed one day in the calendar, but also because of the switch from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian calendar, Alaska also skipped 12 days, so that Friday, October 6 was followed by Friday, October 18. From 1901 until 1983 there were the following timezones: In 1942–1945 all of the US including Alaska added one hour compared to other years. In 1967 Daylight saving time was introduced in the US including Alaska. In 1983 Alaska skipped two zones and kept only two time zones, Alaska and Aleutian time, where Aleutian has UTC-10 and all other parts of Alaska

"Big Brother 19 (U.S.)"
in the House, particularly her experience with Graf, made her uncomfortable because it was reminiscent of her cousin who had been raped and murdered. Big Brother 19 (U.S.) Big Brother 19 is the nineteenth season of the American reality television series ""Big Brother"". It is based upon the Dutch series of the same name. The season premiered on June 28, 2017 on CBS in the United States with a two-hour season premiere and Julie Chen returning as host. The season was titled ""Summer of Temptation"" with the various contestants able to receive a temptation which gave the taker a surprise

Big Brother 19 (U.S.) Big Brother 19 is the nineteenth season of the American reality television series ""Big Brother"". It is based upon the Dutch series of the same name. The season premiered on June 28, 2017 on CBS in the United States with a two-hour season premiere and Julie Chen returning as host. The season was titled ""Summer of Temptation"" with the various contestants able to receive a temptation which gave the taker a surprise reward or game advantage but also unleashed a game change for one or more other players. Viewers at home were able to vote to

""evict"", one of their own until there are only two remaining. In the finale episode previous House Guests vote on who they think they should win the game with the House Guest who receives the most votes being declared the winner. The season premiered on June 27, 2018 on CBS in the United States and concluded on September 26, 2018 consisting of forty episodes and lasting for 99 days, tying the eighteenth season to be the longest U.S. season to date. The season also received many controversies and criticisms throughout the season but received mostly positive viewing figures. Despite an

and Fly on the Wall Entertainment with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. This season of the program has been confirmed since August 10, 2016 as part of a multi season renewal between Endemol Shine North America and CBS which also includes its twentieth season scheduled for the summer of 2018. Julie Chen returned as the host of the series. The main television coverage of the season was screened on CBS beginning June 28, 2017 with a two-hour season premiere. This season featured no changes to the schedule that was used in the previous edition, with episodes

singer. Some songs had already been unofficial releases, but there are 12 never-before-released songs. Former guitarist James Gurley died on December 20, 2009, of a heart attack, just two days before his 70th birthday. Sam Andrew died on February 12, 2015, following complications from open-heart surgery due to a heart attack suffered ten weeks prior. In October 2016, the band went to Europe for a short tour in the Netherlands, with the following line-up: Dave Getz on drums, Peter Albin on bass, Tom Finch on guitar, Kate Russo on electric violin, keyboards and vocals, and Eileen Humphreys on lead vocals.

they can nullify one vote at the live eviction. The first four jury members had the opportunity to battle each other for a chance to return to the game. The competition between Bayleigh, Rockstar, Scottie, and Faysal aired on August 30, 2018 in episode 29 following the live eviction. Scottie was the winner and returned to the game. The HouseGuests were announced on Monday, June 18 at 7 AM PDT through the CBS website. All evicted HouseGuests appear on the Facebook Watch exclusive ""Off the Block with Ross and Marissa"" for an extended interview following their evictions. Tyler Crispen appeared

"The Bachelor Winter Games"
reunite previous contestants from ""The Bachelor"" and ""The Bachelorette"" at a winter resort in Manchester, Vermont, where they are competing with contestants from the various international adaptations of the franchise in various winter sports challenges. The Bachelor Winter Games The Bachelor Winter Games is a winter sports-themed reality competition television series that premiered on February 13, 2018 on ABC. It is a spin-off of the reality television game shows ""The Bachelor"" and ""The Bachelorette"", and is a winter counterpart to the summer series ""Bachelor in Paradise"". The show is hosted by Chris Harrison and Hannah Storm. It has been described

date and opponents were not announced at that time, but were later confirmed as the Los Angeles Rams playing as designated home team against the Kansas City Chiefs. This game was subsequently moved back to Los Angeles due to poor field conditions at Estadio Azteca. In October 2018, the league confirmed four London Games would take place in 2019. Wembley Stadium would host two and Tottenham Hotspur Stadium would host the remaining two. The Jacksonville Jaguars would return to Wembley Stadium for the seventh consecutive year in line with their annual commitment. Two of the 32 teams have not played

"MLB London Series"
MLB London Series The MLB London Series is a series of regular season Major League Baseball (MLB) games to be played in London, United Kingdom. The series will begin with the Boston Red Sox hosting two games against the New York Yankees at London Stadium on June 29–30, 2019. This will be the first time that MLB teams have played in Europe. On May 8, 2018, it was announced that MLB had entered a two-year agreement to hold baseball games at London Stadium during the and 2020 seasons. The inaugural series will be played between the Red Sox and Yankees,

the Rams' place and agreed to play a home game in London for four seasons from 2013 through 2016. With this announcement also came news that the NFL were working to schedule a second UK game from 2013 onwards. (The Jaguars later extended their agreement with Wembley Stadium through 2020 in an agreement announced in October 2015.) In October 2012, it was announced that the Jaguars would host the San Francisco 49ers and the Minnesota Vikings would host the Pittsburgh Steelers, marking the first season with multiple games in London. The NFL played three international games for the 2014 season,

four games in London branded as NFL London Games and one game in Mexico City branded as the NFL Mexico Game. In January 2018, it was announced that three games would be played in London that year, with two at Wembley and the other the first game at Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium. However, it was later confirmed that the opening of the new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium would be delayed and therefore all three games would be held at Wembley. Having already fulfilled the minimum three-game requirement for Twickenham Stadium in 2017, it will no longer host games. The Mexico City

games, while Salter also noted that they were both among the league's most iconic teams. He contrasted the NFL's reluctance to send its high-profile teams to London, as they would be too disruptive to their lucrative and comparatively-limited schedules (with a 16-game regular season in comparison to MLB's 162-game regular season). The series will begin with two games in 2019. MLB London Series The MLB London Series is a series of regular season Major League Baseball (MLB) games to be played in London, United Kingdom. The series will begin with the Boston Red Sox hosting two games against the New

Aaron Rodgers Aaron Charles Rodgers (born December 2, 1983) is an American football quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Rodgers played college football for the California Golden Bears, where he set several career passing records, including lowest single-season and career interception rates. He was selected in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Packers. After backing up Brett Favre for the first three years of his NFL career, Rodgers became the Packers' starting quarterback in 2008. In 2010 he led them to a victory in Super Bowl XLV over the Pittsburgh

and with David Gruber co-creator, of itsAaron with a mission of ""creating awareness for organizations and people who are changing the world"". He is also a supporter of the MACC Fund, RAISE Hope for Congo, and other humanitarian and charitable efforts. In a May 12, 2015, episode of ""Celebrity Jeopardy"" he raised $50,000 for the MACC Fund by triumphing over astronaut Mark Kelly and ""Shark Tank"" panel member and entrepreneur Kevin O'Leary to win the funds. Aaron Rodgers Aaron Charles Rodgers (born December 2, 1983) is an American football quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League

"Brett Hundley"
Brett Hundley Brett Alan Hundley Jr. (born June 15, 1993) is an American football quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, where he was the school's career leader in both total offense and touchdown passes. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 2015 NFL Draft, and started nine games for them in 2017 following an injury to Aaron Rodgers. Hundley attended Chandler High School in Chandler, Arizona, where he played high school football for the Wolves football team. As a junior,

"Chad Henne"
Chad Henne Chad Steven Henne (born July 2, 1985) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He attended the University of Michigan. While attending, Henne became the second all time true freshman starting quarterback in Michigan history; accumulated a total of 32 wins in regular season play, 8,740 offensive yards, and 87 touchdowns; and in his senior season, led the Wolverines to a Capital One Bowl victory over Florida. He was subsequently named as the game's MVP after throwing for over 350 yards. Henne's professional career began when he was drafted

"Jordan Rodgers"
Jordan Rodgers Jordan Edward Rodgers (born August 30, 1988) is an American sports commentator and former college and professional American football quarterback. Rodgers signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2013, and also played on practice and preseason squads for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Miami Dolphins, as well as the BC Lions in the Canadian Football League. He is the brother of Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers. Rodgers was born in Chico, California, and raised there with eldest brother Luke and their middle brother, Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers. Rodgers attended Pleasant Valley

"Brian Zbydniewski"
Brian Zbydniewski Brian David Zbydniewski (/Zeb-ah-new-ski/; born September 15, 1981) is a professional American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. Zbydniewski played college football at Belhaven University after attending prep school at Choctawhatchee High School located in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. During his collegiate career, Zbydniewski set numerous single-game, season, and career passing record. Zbydniewski was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, the son of Brian and Janet Zbydniewski. He has two sisters and two brothers. He was raised Christian, and is of Polish (father) descent. Zbydniewski has mentioned Kurt Warner as one of his inspirations. Zbydniewski attended Choctawhatchee

Chad Henne signed a two-year contract with the Kansas City Chiefs. Henne was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Sheldon and Suzanne Henne. On July 5, 2010, Henne married Brittany Hartman. Chad Henne Chad Steven Henne (born July 2, 1985) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He attended the University of Michigan. While attending, Henne became the second all time true freshman starting quarterback in Michigan history; accumulated a total of 32 wins in regular season play, 8,740 offensive yards, and 87 touchdowns; and in his senior season, led the Wolverines

"The A-Team (film)"
the ex-lover of Face who is a disillusioned and ruthless Army officer in charge of pursuing the team. 20th Century Fox later confirmed that Copley and Biel were cast in the film. On September 30, 2009, Liam Neeson and the rest of the cast were seen filming scenes in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, as shooting got under way. The first official pictures of Neeson, Cooper, Copley and Jackson in character were soon released, including one which features the iconic van in the background. On October 30, 2009, Dwight Schultz confirmed that he had filmed a cameo scene for the movie.

"The A-Team"
another actor, instead. Therefore, in the pilot, Face was portrayed by Tim Dunigan, who was later replaced by Dirk Benedict, with the comment that Dunigan was ""too tall and too young"". According to Dunigan: ""I look even younger on camera than I am. So it was difficult to accept me as a veteran of the Vietnam War, which ended when I was a sophomore in high school."" Carrere was intended to join the principal cast of the show in its fifth season after appearing in the season four finale, providing a tie to the team's inception during the war. Unfortunately

production budget for the film was $110 million, but the cost came in at $100 million after tax credits. In June 2009, ""Variety"" revealed that Liam Neeson was in negotiations with 20th Century Fox to star as Hannibal Smith, and Bradley Cooper announced to MTV News that he would be playing the role of Templeton Peck after he first denied the rumors saying that he was not involved and insisted that he had not seen any script. On August 26, 2009, MMAjunkie.com reported that mixed martial arts fighter Quinton Jackson would play the role of B.A. Baracus in the upcoming

scene, Murdock and Face of ""The A-Team""s original cast are seen. In a post-credits scene, original series actors Dirk Benedict (Face) and Dwight Schultz (Murdock) have cameos with their film equivalents Bradley Cooper and Sharlto Copley. Benedict plays Face's fellow tanning bed client, credited as ""Pensacola Prisoner Milt"", and Schultz plays one of two neurologists observing Murdock during a shock-therapy session. The entire film was shot at various locations in Canada including Kamloops, Vancouver, Cache Creek and Ashcroft, British Columbia, with much of the studio works being done at Mammoth Studios. Other footage was included as well, such as aerial

The A-Team (film) The A-Team is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the 1980s television series of the same name created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell. Co-written (with Brian Bloom and Skip Woods) and directed by Joe Carnahan, the film stars Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, Quinton Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Jessica Biel, Patrick Wilson and Brian Bloom. The film tells the story of ""The A-Team"", a Special Forces team imprisoned for a crime they did not commit, who escape and set out to clear their names. The film was produced by Stephen J. Cannell, Ridley Scott and

""Dirty Dozen"" gimmick and compares the film to the ""awful"" ""Smokin' Aces"" by the same director. Dirk Benedict, who played Templeton Peck in the TV series, spoke of regretting his cameo, stating ""You'll miss me if you blink. I kind of regret doing it because it's a non-part. They wanted to be able to say, 'Oh yeah, the original cast are in it,' but we're not. It is three seconds. It's kind of insulting."" Mr. T, the original B. A. Baracus, was offered a cameo, but turned it down. In a 2010 interview with ""Script"" magazine director Joe Carnahan claimed

Tony Scott. The film was theatrically released on June 11, 2010 by 20th Century Fox. The film had been in development since the mid-1990s having gone through a number of writers and story ideas and being put on hold a number of times. Upon its release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and was an average performer at the box office making $177 million on a $110 million budget. John ""Hannibal"" Smith is held captive in Mexico by two Federal Police officers working for renegade General Javier Tuco. Hannibal escapes and sets out to rescue Templeton ""Face"" Peck, who

episode. Whenever one of his pets or imaginary friends is killed by an enemy, Murdock snaps and takes revenge (but never kills). Many times, when Baracus is mad at Murdock for being crazy, Hannibal will side with Murdock in a sympathetic way. Once he is discharged from the hospital in Season 5, Murdock has a different job each episode. Murdock usually wears a leather flight jacket, a baseball cap, and basketball sneakers. Although the part of Face was written by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell with Dirk Benedict in mind, NBC insisted that the part should be played by

will NOT be a sequel. It didn't make enough $$$ and that's that."" The A-Team (film) The A-Team is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the 1980s television series of the same name created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell. Co-written (with Brian Bloom and Skip Woods) and directed by Joe Carnahan, the film stars Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, Quinton Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Jessica Biel, Patrick Wilson and Brian Bloom. The film tells the story of ""The A-Team"", a Special Forces team imprisoned for a crime they did not commit, who escape and set out to clear

2010, and was produced by 20th Century Fox. Both Dirk Benedict (Face) and Dwight Schultz (Murdock) made brief cameo appearances in the film (as a prisoner using a sunbed and a psychiatrist overseeing Murdock's shock therapy, respectively); because of timing issues, these scenes were moved to the end of the credits. They were later reinserted for the extended-cut of the film. In September 2015, Fox announced that they were developing a reboot ""A-Team"" series with Chris Morgan as executive producer with Cannell's daughter, Tawnia McKiernan, and Albert Kim writing. The team is to be made up of both male and

"Battle of Verneuil"
Jean de Wavrin travelling with the army, but he had little to say on Verneuil. Battle of Verneuil The Battle of Verneuil was a strategically important battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil in Normandy and a significant English victory. It was a particularly bloody battle, described by the English as a second Agincourt. The battle started with a short archery duel between English longbowmen and Scottish archers, after which a force of 2,000 Milanese heavy cavalry on the French side mounted a cavalry charge that brushed aside the ineffective English arrowstorm and wooden

Battle of Verneuil The Battle of Verneuil was a strategically important battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil in Normandy and a significant English victory. It was a particularly bloody battle, described by the English as a second Agincourt. The battle started with a short archery duel between English longbowmen and Scottish archers, after which a force of 2,000 Milanese heavy cavalry on the French side mounted a cavalry charge that brushed aside the ineffective English arrowstorm and wooden archer's stakes, penetrated the formation of English men-at-arms and dispersed one wing of their longbowmen.

"Battle of Champtoceaux"
Battle of Champtoceaux The Battle of Champtoceaux, often called the Battle of l'Humeau, was the opening action of the 23-year-long War of the Breton Succession, a dynastic conflict in Brittany which became inevitably embroiled in the Hundred Years War between England and France. This battle should have decided the war at a stroke, as John of Montfort, the leader of one faction, was made prisoner. However his wife, Joanna of Flanders, and young son John escaped imprisonment. Their escape and continued support from his ally, England, allowed continued resistance to flourish and eventually turn the tide. The War of the

"Battle of Cravant"
Battle of Cravant The Battle of Cravant was fought on 31 July 1423, during the Hundred Years' War between English and French forces at the village of Cravant in Burgundy, at a bridge and ford on the banks of the river Yonne, a left-bank tributary of the Seine, southeast of Auxerre. The battle ended in a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies. After the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, the English king was permitted to occupy all the country north of the Loire. In 1422, with Henry V suddenly dead and an infant King Henry VI of England

Jacquerie
Jacquerie The Jacquerie () was a popular revolt by peasants that took place in northern France in the early summer of 1358 during the Hundred Years' War. The revolt was centred in the valley of the Oise north of Paris and was suppressed after a few weeks of violence. This rebellion became known as ""the Jacquerie"" because the nobles derided peasants as ""Jacques"" or ""Jacques Bonhomme"" for their padded surplice, called a ""jacque"". The aristocratic chronicler Jean Froissart and his source, the chronicle of Jean le Bel, referred to the leader of the revolt as Jacque Bonhomme (""Jack Goodfellow""), though

"Battle of Champaubert"
Battle of Champaubert The Battle of Champaubert (10 February 1814) was the opening engagement of the Six Days' Campaign. It was fought between a French army led by Napoleon and a small Russian corps commanded by Lieutenant General Count Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev. After putting up a good fight, the Russian formation was effectively destroyed; the survivors escaped into the woods while Olsufiev became a French prisoner. Champaubert is located in France, west of Châlons-en-Champagne and east of Meaux. After defeating Emperor Napoleon at the Battle of La Rothière, the two main Allied armies under Austrian Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince

Breton soldiers in his army. He encamped his army at Angers in the Loire Valley. By the time Charles of Blois was ready to move at the start of October 1341, Montfort had captured and garrisoned most of the castles and towns in Eastern Brittany. Montfort's castle strongholds included the towns of Rennes, Dinan, and the fortified castle (""chateau fort"") which guarded the Loire Valley at Champtoceaux. Charles made this stronghold the first objective of the French army as they marched towards their eventual target, Nantes. Charles of Blois arrived near the castle on 10 October with part of his

"Battle of La Roche-Derrien"
Battle of La Roche-Derrien The Battle of La Roche-Derrien was one of the battles of the Breton War of Succession; it was fought in 1347 during the night between English and French forces. Approximately 4,000–5,000 French, Breton and Genoese mercenaries (the largest field army ever assembled by Duke Charles of Blois) laid siege to the town of La Roche-Derrien in the hope of luring Sir Thomas Dagworth, the commander of the only standing English field army in Brittany at the time, into an open pitched battle. Charles of Blois, in an effort to defeat the hated English longbowmen, gave orders

"Battle of Jodoigne"
on the cities of the Netherlands, so even with protestant leanings there would be little welcome for Orange's army. Prince William of Orange assembled his army at Aix (now Vaalserberg, French mont de Vaals) while the prince and his dignitaries met in Chateau Withem (Now Wittem, Dutch: Kasteel van Wittem). Setting off on October 5, the army crosses the river Meuse during the night and on October 6 they occupy the fortified town of Stockem (or Stockheim, now part of Dilsen-Stokkem). The next day, the fortified town of Tongres (Now Tongeren, Walloon: Tongue, Dutch: Tongeren, German: Tongern) also opens the

"Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine"
Condé still claimed that the nefarious influence of Cardinal Mazarin rendered him incapable of rule. On 2 July 1652, the battle of the Faubourg St Antoine took place just outside the Bastille. Condé had sallied out of Paris to prevent the advance of the royalist forces under the command of Turenne. Condé's forces became trapped against the city walls and the Porte St Antoine, which the Parliament refused to open; he was coming under increasingly heavy fire from the Royalist artillery and the situation looked bleak. In a famous incident, La Grande Mademoiselle, the daughter of Gaston, the Duke of

"Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
Fool (If You Think It's Over) ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, ""Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?"" The single's charting success in the USA earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" was the lead single from Rea's debut album ""Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?"" which was recorded at producer Gus Dudgeon's Thames Valley

the 1990s British sitcom ""Joking Apart"". Kenny Craddock arranged and performed this version. Fool (If You Think It's Over) ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, ""Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?"" The single's charting success in the USA earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" was the lead single from Rea's debut album ""Whatever

recording studio The Mill. The song's inspiration was the experience Rea's younger sister Paula had had some years previously of being devastated at losing her first boyfriend, ""Fool""'s lyrics being the advice (real or imagined) with which Rea had responded to his sister's experience. Rea would recall that he had written ""Fool"" as a song which Al Green might record: (quote:) ""I’d always seen it as a Memphis [soul] song [but] I never had the chance to voice my opinion about what I thought about the production"" of his own recording of the song of which Rea has elsewhere stated:

been chosen by [A&M exec] Derek Green or Gus Dudgeon. I had insisted that we did 'Fool'. Chris Rea has always been one of my favourite musicians and writers and I thought the song was pure class."" Brooks' version of ""Fool"" was issued as a single in December 1981 when ""Pearls"" issued the previous month was in the Top Ten of the UK album chart - three advance singles had been issued off the album since July 1980 without charting - with ""Fool"" rising to a #17 peak on the UK chart dated 27 February 1982 assisted by two ""TOTP""

Rea who recalls being dejected during the 1978 Yuletide overnight drive home from London which inspired ""Driving Home for Christmas"", at the time considering abandoning what he saw as his failing singing career to fall back on his family's established business of running a restaurant. However, when Rea and his wife Joan reached their Middlesbrough home in the early morning ""we opened the door of the house we were just about to lose the mortgage on, and the snow fell into the hall and it didn’t melt - it was that cold - and there was one letter on the

by Elkie Brooks was the first track played on Radio Caroline when the station resumed broadcasting at 10 a.m. 20 August 1983 after a down period of 41 months. Thomas Anders remade ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" for his 1989 album release ""Different"", said version being the third produced by Gus Dudgeon. The song has also been recorded by Dave (as ""Le palmier du pauvre"" , 1978), Kirka (as ""Luulitko kaiken menneen"" , 1979), Greger () (as ""Luulitko kaiken menneen"" - album ""Greger"", 1980) and Paul Nicholas (album ""Just Good Friends"", 1986). The song served as the theme to

"Chris Rea"
""Auberge"", topped the UK Albums Chart. Rea was nominated three times for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist: in 1988, 1989 and 1990. As of 2009, he has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. In America he is best known for the 1978 hit song ""Fool (If You Think It's Over)"" that reached No. 12 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. This success earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. His other hit songs include, ""I Can Hear Your Heartbeat"", ""Stainsby Girls"",

"Sanford Clark"
Sanford Clark Sanford Clark (born October 24, 1935) is an American country-rockabilly singer and guitarist, best known for his 1956 hit ""The Fool,"" written by Lee Hazlewood. Clark was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, from the age of 9. He first began performing in the Phoenix area in the early 1950s. He spent time in the Air Force in the South Pacific; he formed a band there which won a talent show in Hawaii. Returning to Phoenix, he and his friend Al Casey met Lee Hazlewood, then a local DJ. Clark, with Casey on guitar,

"Fool (Elvis Presley song)"
Fool (Elvis Presley song) ""Fool"" is a 1973 song by Elvis Presley. It was adapted by songwriter Carl Sigman from a composition by James Last, titled ""No Words"". It was released as a single with its flipside track ""Steamroller Blues"". and then on the 1973 album ""Elvis"" (as its opening track). On Billboard Hot 100 the single charted as ""Steamroller Blues / Fool"", peaking at number 17 on the week of June 2, 1973. ""Fool"" also charted on the ""Billboard"" Easy Listening chart, spending there 16 weeks in total and peaking at number 12 on the same week of June

"The Fool (Lee Ann Womack song)"
The Fool (Lee Ann Womack song) ""The Fool"" is a song written by Marla Cannon-Goodman, Gene Ellsworth and Charlie Stefl, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released in May 1997 as the second single from her self titled debut album. The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, her first of four songs to just miss the top spot. Womack told ""Billboard"" ""The first time I played the demo, I just passed on it. I said, 'Yeah, it's a good song, but

hinting at deeper potential that's yet to develop."" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 59 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". Kevin (Probably) Saves the World Kevin (Probably) Saves the World (stylized as Kevin ^ Saves the World) is an American high-concept angelic-themed fantasy comedy-drama television series that was created and executive produced by Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters for ABC Studios. The series was greenlit on May 11, 2017, and aired on ABC as a Tuesday night entry during the 2017–18 television season. The series premiered on October 3,

show, ""Virtually Famous"", for the British digital television channel E4. The show also features comedian Seann Walsh and radio presenter Chris Stark as series regulars and team captains. On February 24, 2014, it was announced that McHale had signed on to play a supporting role in the Kathy Bates and Dustin Hoffman led independent film ""Boychoir"". McHale's character, Wooly, is a young music teacher who helps a troubled young boy at his school. In July 2014, it was announced that he and Aaron Tveit had signed on to star in the comedy film ""They Might Be Kennedys"". McHale will play

"Kevin Rudolf"
Kevin Rudolf Kevin Winston Rudolf (born February 17, 1980) is an American musician, director, actor, and record producer from New York City, New York. Kevin Winston Rudolf was born on February 17, 1980, in New York City, New York, to Ellyn, an American singer, and Stephen, a disc jockey originally from the United Kingdom and of English heritage. He grew up an only child on the Upper East Side, his parents divorcing while he was still very young. His middle name, Winston, is an homage to Beatle John Lennon: ""My dad... was a DJ at the time in Baltimore. He's

"Kieran Culkin"
roles in independent films and small parts in mainstream films. He played the title role in the film ""Igby Goes Down"", for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award; and previously appeared in the Academy Award-nominated movie ""Music of the Heart"". He also had the lead role in ""The Mighty"" as Kevin Dillon. He played Buff in Eric Bogosian's updated version of ""SubUrbia"" at the Second Stage Theatre in New York; in 2010, Culkin played Scott Pilgrim's 'cool gay roommate' Wallace Wells in the movie ""Scott Pilgrim vs. the World"". In 2015, he portrayed Rye Gerhardt in the

"Philip John"
longtime collaborators actor/producer Jonathan Owen and screenwriter Dean Cavanagh, co-produced SVENGALI, a satire on the music industry, released as a series of nine web virals on YouTube and also available as free downloads from iTunes. It stars Jonathan Owen, Roger Evans, Alan Mcgee, Sean Harris and Sally Phillips, Michele Gomez, Ciaran Griffiths, Martin Freeman, Jodie Whittaker, Colin Tiernan, Jordan Long, Paolo Hewitt as well as real life rock legends Boy George, Carl Barat, Maggot and Bonehead. Not to be confused with the film of the same name. Philip's recent credits include ""Crossing Lines"", ""Spotless"" and four episodes of the Starz/Sony

since Darius Rucker's ""Don't Think I Don't Think About It"" in 2008. It also peaked at numbers 3 and 31 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song received a Triple Platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),and the song has sold 670,000 copies in the United States as of January 2018. It garnered similar chart success in Canada, reaching number 2 on the Canada Country chart and number 62 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The song is about the narrator's former lover, whom he encounters unexpectedly and compares the encounter

one on the Country Airplay chart dated May 27, 2017, and remained there the following week, making Combs the first artist to chart a multi-week number one debut single since Florida Georgia Line's ""Cruise"" spent three weeks at number one in December 2012, and the first solo male artist to do so since Darius Rucker's ""Don't Think I Don't Think About It"" spent two weeks at number one in October 2008. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on April 28, 2017, and Triple Platinum on August 22, 2018. The song has sold 670,000 copies in the United States

"Hurricane (pipe)"
cubic centimeters) with the price being accordingly higher for the larger volumes. A sand-blasted, or ""frosted"" design is available, with some pipes featuring half-frosted, full-frosted, or frosted with a clear window. The number of air jets on the pipe also adds to the price ($50/jet). A tiny, novelty version of the Hurricane is sold as well. Hurricanes are known for their extremely high prices. Prices range from $400–$1000, amongst a wide array of sizes and styles. The downstem can range between $30–$50, and the bubble is typically between $80–$100. The expensive price can be attributed to the manufacturing costs and

"Sucker hole"
Sucker hole Sucker hole is a colloquial term referring to a short spate of good weather that ""suckers"" sailors into leaving port just in time for a storm to resume at full force. It can also refer to breaks in cloud cover, which lead astronomers into trying to make observations, only to have the cloud close in again. ""Sucker hole"" is also a term in aviation, which refers to a smaller form of the same phenomenon, but with the observer (the pilot) above the hole instead of below, and implying that the pilot wishes to fly through the hole. It

"Nor'easter"
be found in the writings of New Englanders, and was frequently used by the press in the 19th century. Usage existed into the 20th century in the form of: Nor'easters develop in response to the sharp contrast in the warm Gulf Stream ocean current coming up from the tropical Atlantic and the cold air masses coming down from Canada. When the very cold and dry air rushes southward and meets up with the warm Gulf stream current, which is often near even in mid-winter, intense low pressure develops. In the upper atmosphere, the strong winds of the jet stream remove

"Heat burst"
Heat burst In meteorology, a heat burst is a rare atmospheric phenomenon characterized by gusty winds along with a rapid increase in temperature and decrease in dew point (moisture). Heat bursts typically occur during night-time and are associated with decaying thunderstorms. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is theorized that the event is caused when rain evaporates (virga) into a parcel of cold, dry air high in the atmosphere- making the air denser than its surroundings. The parcel descends rapidly, warming due to compression, overshoots its equilibrium level and reaches the surface, similar to a downburst. Recorded temperatures

"Hurricane! (American Dad!)"
can still go to cowboy weddings, leaving him behind. Francine tells the family to go down the rope one at the time as it is too weak. Unfortunately, Jeff panics and jumps on the rope, which ends up tearing it down, angering Hayley as the Smiths are now stuck in the second floor of the tipped over house. Stan tells Hayley to open the window to let water flow out, but a shark comes out and attacks Hayley. The family becomes increasingly frightened and distrustful of him, especially when his latest advice leads Hayley to be attacked by a shark.

They also concluded that a higher increase in convection develops if a mid-tropospheric lifting mechanism interacts with an elevated moist layer. Heat burst In meteorology, a heat burst is a rare atmospheric phenomenon characterized by gusty winds along with a rapid increase in temperature and decrease in dew point (moisture). Heat bursts typically occur during night-time and are associated with decaying thunderstorms. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is theorized that the event is caused when rain evaporates (virga) into a parcel of cold, dry air high in the atmosphere- making the air denser than its surroundings. The

"The Hurricane!"
Dad!"", ""Brian Writes a Bestseller"" from ""Family Guy"", and ""Ain't Nothin' But Mutton Bustin'"" from ""The Cleveland Show"". MacFarlane later agreed with the decisions after being consulted with the executives of Fox, and a spokeswoman for the company later announced that the episode would air the succeeding season. ""The Hurricane!"" first aired in the United States on October 2, 2011 as part of the animation television night on Fox. It was preceded by episodes of ""The Simpsons"", and its sister shows ""American Dad!"" and ""Family Guy"". It was viewed by 4.73 million viewers upon its initial airing, despite simultaneously airing

"Oregon Country"
the United States and Britain. Meanwhile, the United States and Britain negotiated the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 that extended the boundary between their territories west along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains. The two countries agreed to ""joint occupancy"" of the land west of the Rockies to the Pacific Ocean. In 1821, as part of the forced merger between the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company, the British Parliament imposed the laws of Upper Canada on British subjects in Rupert's Land and Columbia District, and gave the authority to enforce those laws to the Hudson's Bay Company.

Oregon Country The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed region of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The region was occupied by British and French Canadian fur traders from before 1810, and American settlers from the mid-1830s, with its coastal areas north from the Columbia River frequented by ships from all nations engaged in the maritime fur trade, most of these from the 1790s through 1810s being Boston-based. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended disputed joint occupancy pursuant to the Treaty of 1818 and established the British-American boundary at the 49th parallel (except Vancouver Island).

be a river flowing to the west named ""Ouaricon"". This theory was endorsed in ""Oregon Geographic Names"" as ""the most plausible explanation"". The Oregon Country was originally claimed by Great Britain, France, Russia, and Spain; the Spanish claim was later taken up by the United States. The extent of the region being claimed was vague at first, evolving over decades into the specific borders specified in the US-British treaty of 1818. The U.S.-based its claim in part on Robert Gray's entry of the Columbia River in 1792 and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Great Britain based its claim in part

"Oregon Territory"
were addressed in the Treaty of 1818, which sanctioned a ""joint occupation"", by British and Americans, of a vast ""Oregon Country"" (as the American side called it) that comprehended the present-day U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, and the portion of what is now the Canadian province of British Columbia south of the parallel 54°40′ north. During the period of joint occupation, most activity in the region outside of the activities of the indigenous people came from the fur trade, which was dominated by the British Hudson's Bay Company. Over time, some trappers began

on British overland explorations of the Columbia River by David Thompson and on prior discovery and exploration along the Coast. Spain's claim was based on the Inter caetera and Treaty of Tordesillas of 1493–94, as well as explorations of the Pacific coast in the late 18th century. Russia based its claim off its explorations and trading activities in the region and asserted its ownership of the region north of the 51st parallel by the Ukase of 1821, which was quickly challenged by the other powers and withdrawn to 54°40′N by separate treaties with the US and Britain in 1824 and

1825 respectively. Spain gave up its claims of exclusivity via the Nootka Conventions of the 1790s. In the Nootka Conventions, which followed the Nootka Crisis, Spain granted Britain rights to the Pacific Northwest, although it did not establish a northern boundary for Spanish California, nor did it extinguish Spanish rights to the Pacific Northwest. Spain later relinquished any remaining claims to territory north of the 42nd parallel to the United States as part of the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819. In the 1820s, Russia gave up its claims south of 54°40′ and east of the 141st meridian in separate treaties with

""Oregon"" was a distinctly American term for the region. The British used the term Columbia District instead. The Oregon Country consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40′N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains—with the eastern border generally running on or close to the Continental Divide—westwards to the Pacific Ocean. The area now forms part of the present day Canadian province of British Columbia, all of the US states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming. The British presence in the region was generally administered by the Hudson's Bay Company, whose Columbia

the effort to annex Oregon Country, appealing to the popular belief in Manifest Destiny. The British government, meanwhile, sought control of all territory north of the Columbia River. Despite the posturing, neither country really wanted to fight what would have been the third war in 70 years against the other. The two countries eventually came to a peaceful agreement in the 1846 Oregon Treaty that divided the territory west of the Continental Divide along the 49th parallel to Georgia Strait; with all of Vancouver Island remaining under British control. This border today divides British Columbia from neighboring Washington, Idaho, and

McLoughlin's stalling, the HBC had begun the process of shifting away from Fort Vancouver and toward Vancouver Island and the northern coast in the 1830s. The increasing number of American settlers arriving in the Willamette Valley after 1840 served to make the need more pressing. In 1848, the U.S. portion of the Oregon Country was formally organized as the Oregon Territory. In 1849, Vancouver Island became a British Crown colony—the Colony of Vancouver Island, with the mainland being organized into the Colony of British Columbia in 1858. Shortly after the establishment of Oregon Territory there was an effort to split

"History of Oregon"
friendly at first, escalated into the threat of war before it was resolved amicably in 1846 by splitting the region 50-50. Following the Anglo American Treaty of 1818, the region was ""jointly occupied"" by the U.S. and Britain. The Americans referred to the region as Oregon Country, while the British knew it as the Hudson's Bay Company's Columbia District, which was administered from Fort Vancouver near present-day Vancouver, Washington. During the 1820s and early 1830s the American West was explored by private trappers who formed fur trading companies originating from St. Louis. One of these privateer trappers and explorers was

Niveditha and Divakar are auditioned contestants, where as Chandan, Karthik and Shruti are celebrities. Along with the usual celebrity contestants, the housemates of this season includes contestants selected through online audition process. The total of 17 housemates include 11 celebrities and 6 commoners. Four contestants entered the house through wild cards. Presenter Akul Balaji was the second entrant who promoted his new dance reality television reality show ""Master Dancer"". Actresses Lasya and Samyuktha Hegde were the final two entrants. Hegde was evicted from the house a few days later after she assaulted Sameer Acharya for allegedly touching her inappropriately. However,

"Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)"
in the house for a couple of days, took the total number of inhabitants to twenty one. The housemates, considered strangers for each other, spent 98 days (14 weeks) locked out together under the supervision of 55 cameras fitted around the house. The series was won by soap actress and television presenter Juhi Parmar on 7 January 2012. Runner-Up, Mahek Chahal returned to compete in ""Bigg Boss Halla Bol"". She became the second housemate to get evicted on Day 17. The opening episode was aired on 2 October 2011 presented by Sanjay Dutt and Salman Khan. This extravagant introductory episode

of Bigg Boss Kannada 4, it was announced that the next season will start with new contestants and a renovated Bigg Boss house built for the previous season in the Innovative Film City at Bidadi, Bangalore. This will be the first season to allow non-celebrities to the Bigg Boss house with online auditions taking place from July 2017. The application process of the auditions for non-celebrities was exclusively carried by mobile app called Voot. Nagendra Bhat was the reality writer for this season. The show was extended by one week (106 days) instead of 98 days. Among the five finalists

later she admitted in the confession room that Acharya was not at fault and that she reacted at the ""heat of the moment"". The episodes were broadcast on Colors Super between 8:00 and 9:30 p.m. (IST) daily. The episodes and highlights were also released on the website and app Voot after the telecast. Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5) Bigg Boss Kannada 5 (BBK5) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada, that premiered on 15 October 2017. Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show. The finale of the season took place 28 January

Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5) Bigg Boss 5 was the fifth season of the Indian reality TV show ""Bigg Boss"", which aired on Colors from 2 October 2011 to 7 January 2012 with Sanjay Dutt and Salman Khan as the hosts. During the launch on 2 October, fourteen hand-picked housemates entered the house located in Karjat, a town, about halfway between Mumbai and Pune in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Four additional wild card entries were made during the second, third, fourth and the end of seventh week taking the number of contestants to eighteen. Three guest entries, who stayed

"La Liga"
League and Sevilla won the UEFA Cup, making the La Liga the first league to do the European ""double"" since 1997. On 25 August 2015, La Liga became the first league to classify five teams for the UEFA Champions League group stage (Atlético Madrid, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia). Performance comparison of top teams since 2000. The All-time La Liga table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in La Liga since its inception in 1929. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams

"La Liga"
not won. In the 2014–15 season, under the deadly trio of Messi, Neymar, Suarez, nicknamed the 'MSN', Barcelona made history by becoming the first team to achieve a second Treble. The 'MSN' hit a record breaking 122 goals, eclipsing the 118 goals scored by Madrid in the 2011–12 season. Barcelona continued the dominance in the 2015–16 season, winning the Liga/Copa Del Rey double resulting in 4 titles in 6 years. Real Madrid brought back the La Liga title under the management of Zinedine Zidane in 2016–17, but Barcelona won the title in the 2017–18 season, as well as winning their

"La Liga"
the new century under the brilliance of Ronaldinho. Barcelona retained the title and won it again in the 2005-2006 season, as well as winning the UEFA Champions League against Arsenal, achieving their second European Double. Under the era of Pep Guardiola, powered by La Masia's talent, such as Lionel Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta, Barcelona added three straight Liga titles in 2008, 2009 and 2010. FC Barcelona also became the first team in Spain to achieve the Treble in the 2008/09 season, winning all three major competitions in a single season consisting of La Liga, Copa Del Rey and the

"La Liga"
eighth double, for a total of 7 La Liga titles in 10 years. 20 teams contest the league in its current season, including the top 17 sides from the 2017–18 season and three promoted from the 2017–18 Segunda División. Rayo Vallecano and Huesca are the two clubs promoted directly from the second division, and the winner of the play-offs, Valladolid. The ""Primera División"" is currently first in the UEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, ahead of England's Premier League, Italy's Serie A, and Germany's Bundesliga in fourth. Real Madrid, Barcelona

"La Liga"
Champions League. From 2000-2010, FC Barcelona won 5 La Liga titles and 2 Champions League. In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won its 32nd title under the management of José Mourinho with a then record-breaking 100 points, a then record of 118 number of goals scored, most overall (32) and away (16) wins in a single season in La Liga. A year later, Barcelona replicated the same feat under coach Tito Vilanova matching the 100-point record. Atlético Madrid won the 2013–14 title, their first in 18 years, and the first title in ten years that Real Madrid or Barcelona had

"La Liga"
inception. Nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 25 times. Barcelona won the inaugural La Liga in 1929 with Athletic Bilbao claiming several titles in the league's early years. Barcelona and Real Madrid dominated the championship in the 1950s, winning four La Liga titles each throughout the decade. Real Madrid dominated La Liga from the 1960s through the 1980s, when Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, and Real Sociedad won the league twice in those years. From the 1990s onward, Barcelona has dominated La Liga, winning 15 titles. Although Real Madrid has

"La Liga"
sequence. All in all, Barcelona and Real Madrid won 4 La Liga titles each, with Atletico De Madrid and Atletico De Bilbao winning one each during this decade. Between 1961 and 1980, Real Madrid dominated the ""Primera División"", being crowned champions 14 times, including five-in-a-row from 1961 to 1965 and two three-in-a-row sequences (1967–1969 and 1978–1980). However, their only European Cup triumph during this period came in 1966, a sharp contrast to their five successive victories in the competition from 1956. During this era, only Atlético Madrid offered Real Madrid any serious challenge, adding four more titles to their tally

"La Liga"
been prominent, winning 8 titles, La Liga has also seen other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In the 2010s, Atlético Madrid has become an increasingly stronger team, forming a trio alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona. According to UEFA's league coefficient, La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years and has led Europe for more years (21) than any other country. It has also produced the continent's top-rated club more times (21) than any other league, more than double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most

"La Liga"
and Valencia are in the top ten most successful clubs in European football in terms of total European trophies. These three clubs, along with Sevilla and Atlético Madrid, are five of the most successful teams in European competition history; these five are the only Spanish clubs to have won five or more international trophies. Deportivo La Coruña are the joint fifth-most participating Spanish team in the Champions League with Sevilla — after Real Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Atletico Madrid — with five Champions League appearances in a row, including a semifinal appearance in 2003–04. In 2005–06, Barcelona won the Champions

"La Liga"
in 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1977. Of the other clubs, only Valencia in 1971 and the Johan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona of 1974 broke the dominance of Real Madrid. The Madrid winning sequence was interrupted more significantly in 1981 when Real Sociedad won their first-ever title. They retained it in 1982, and their two in a row was followed by fellow Basque team Athletic Bilbao, who won back-to-back titles in 1983 and 1984. Terry Venables led Barcelona to a solitary title in 1985 before Real Madrid put together another five in a row sequence (1986–1990) with a team guided by Leo Beenhakker

champion is O'Sullivan, who won his first title in 1995 aged 19 years and 69 days. Three maximum breaks have been made in the history of the tournament, all by overseas players. Canada's Kirk Stevens made the first in 1984, China's Ding Junhui made the second in 2007 and Hong Kong's Marco Fu made the third in 2015. The tournament was held for the first time in 1975 at the West Centre Hotel in London, when ten leading players were invited. The event was sponsored by the cigarette company Benson & Hedges. John Spencer won the inaugural tournament by defeating

top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37. The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015. In 2013, Guan Tianlang became the youngest player ever to compete in the Masters, at age on the opening day of the tournament; the following day, he became the youngest ever to make the cut at the Masters or any men's

became the first African American to play in the Masters, doing so 15 years before Augusta National admitted its first black member, Ron Townsend, as a result of the Shoal Creek Controversy. Non-Americans collected 11 victories in 20 years in the 1980s and 1990s, by far the strongest run they have had in any of the three majors played in the United States since the early days of the U.S. Open. The first European to win the Masters was Seve Ballesteros in 1980. Nicklaus became the oldest player to win the Masters in 1986 when he won for the sixth

Sarazen started in 1981, and were then joined by Sam Snead in 1984. This trio continued until 1999 when Sarazen died, while Nelson stopped in 2001. Snead hit his final opening tee shot in 2002, a little over a month before he died. In 2007, Arnold Palmer took over as the honorary starter. Palmer also had the honor in 2008 and 2009. At the 2010 and 2011 Masters Tournaments, Jack Nicklaus joined Palmer as an honorary co-starter for the event. In 2012, Gary Player joined them. Palmer announced in March 2016 that a lingering shoulder issue would prevent him from

"Beryl Markham"
spotting game animals from the air and signaling their locations to safaris on the ground. She also mingled with the notorious Happy Valley set. Markham is best known for her solo flight across the Atlantic, from east to west. When Markham decided to take on the Atlantic crossing, no female pilot had yet flown non-stop from Europe to New York, and no woman had made the westward flight solo, though several had died trying. Markham hoped to claim both records. On 4 September 1936, she took off from Abingdon, England. After a 20-hour flight, her Vega Gull, ""The Messenger"", suffered

fuel starvation due to icing of the fuel tank vents, and she crash-landed at Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. She became the first person to make it from England to North America non-stop from east to west. She was celebrated as an aviation pioneer. Markham chronicled her many adventures in her memoir, ""West with the Night"", published in 1942. Despite strong reviews in the press, the book sold modestly, and then quickly went out of print. After living for many years in the United States, Markham moved back to Kenya in 1952, becoming for a time

"Baleine, Nova Scotia"
Baleine, Nova Scotia Baleine (formerly Port aux Baleines) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island. The community is perhaps best known as the landing site for pilot Beryl Markham's record flight across the Atlantic Ocean (See Memorial Plaque to Record Flight). During the Anglo-French War (1627–1629), under Charles I, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City. On 1 July 1629 70 Scots under the leadership of Sir James Stewart, 4th Lord Ochiltree of Killeith, landed at Baleine Cape Breton Island, probably encouraged by Sir Robert Gordon

Beryl Markham Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck; 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, ""West with the Night"". Markham was born in the village of Ashwell, in the county of Rutland, England, the daughter of Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, an accomplished horse trainer, and Clara Agnes (""née"" Alexander) Clutterbuck (1878–1952). She had an older brother, Richard Alexander ""Dickie"" Clutterbuck (1900–1927). When she

after her. Beryl Markham Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck; 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, ""West with the Night"". Markham was born in the village of Ashwell, in the county of Rutland, England, the daughter of Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, an accomplished horse trainer, and Clara Agnes (""née"" Alexander) Clutterbuck (1878–1952). She had an older brother, Richard Alexander ""Dickie"" Clutterbuck (1900–1927).

"Arlene Davis"
served as President Eisenhower's aviation chair for Ohio and was chair of the Office of Civil Defense's Operation Skywatch in the region encompassing Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky. In 1959, she flew 20,000 miles across the North and South Atlantic oceans in her twin-engine Beech Travel Air, with Clay Donges as her navigator. The trip took 13 days and was the first time that a private plane had flown the North and South Atlantic in a single trip. ""Flying and Popular Aviation"" magazine named her America's outstanding woman pilot of ""big ships"" in 1940. She was the first woman to

"Beverley Bass"
in October 1986. In December the same year, Bass led the first all-female crew in the history of aviation. Bass was piloting a Boeing 777 enroute from Charles de Gaulle Airport to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport when the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 occurred. Due to the closure of American airspace Bass' flight was ordered to land at Gander International Airport in Gander, Newfoundland as part of the Canadian government's Operation Yellow Ribbon. Her experience in Gander during the days following the attacks was one of several people's stories featured in the Tony Award-winning Canadian musical ""Come from Away"".

"Violet Milstead"
Violet Milstead Violet ""Vi"" Milstead Warren (October 17, 1919 – June 27, 2014) was a Canadian aviator, noted for being the first female Canadian bush pilot and one of only four Canadian woman to work in the British Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) during WWII. With over 600 hours of flight time during the war, she was the longest serving female Canadian ATA pilot. She worked as a flight instructor at Barker Field in Toronto, Ontario, and her students included commercial pilot Molly Reilly and author June Callwood. She is a member of the Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame, the Order

"Harriet Quimby"
graced many of the advertising pieces of the day. On April 16, 1912, Quimby took off from Dover, England, en route to Calais, France, and made the flight in 59 minutes, landing about from Calais on a beach in Équihen-Plage, Pas-de-Calais. She became the first woman to pilot an aircraft across the English Channel. Her accomplishment received little media attention, however, as the sinking of the RMS ""Titanic"" the day before consumed the interest of the public and filled newspapers. On July 1, 1912, she flew in the ""Third Annual Boston Aviation Meet"" at Squantum, Massachusetts. Although she had obtained

"Mrs Victor Bruce"
from Auto-Auctions Ltd. in Burlington Gardens, London. It was sent to the Blackburn factory in Brough, East Yorkshire, for modifications in preparation for her flight. It was designated G-ABDS. On 25 September 1930, she named the aircraft ""Bluebird"" and took off on a round the world solo flight from Heston Aerodrome. She flew east with stops in Germany, Austria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Syria and Iraq. An oil leak caused a forced landing on the shore of the Persian Gulf, where she was sheltered for two days by Baluchi tribesmen before a British rescue party reached her. Repairs delayed her onward flight

"Mississippi wine"
Mississippi wine Mississippi wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The hot and humid climate of Mississippi makes it very difficult to cultivate ""vitis vinifera"" or French hybrid grapes. The three commercial wineries in Mississippi focus almost entirely on the Muscadine grape, a variety also used for non-alcoholic grape juices, jams, and jellies. Most of the Mississippi Delta AVA, a designated American Viticultural Area, lies within the state boundaries of Mississippi. Mississippi has been producing wines since the state was established in 1817. Families created their own blends using the abundant muscadine grape

are joined with elements of phylloxera-resistant American vine species like the muscadine. The 3 listed Mississippi wineries are Almarla Vineyards, Gulf Coast Winery, and Old South Winery. Almarla Vineyards, located in Shubuta,Mississippi and Gulf Coast Winery, located in Gulf Port, MS have little information listed. However, it is known that both wineries utilize the muscadine grape and its varieties to cultivate sweet wines. Old South Winery, located in Natchez, MS, opened in 1979 with the intent to provide residents and tourists alike with ""The Best in Everything Muscadine"". Old South winery lists 10 different wines on their website that fall

and Louisiana has not attracted any large-scale Viticulture endeavors. Regardless of widespread confidence in the AVA, obstacles like Mississippi's tough growing climate and prohibition from 1907-1966 have deterred wine production in the area. The small amount of wine that is produced in the Mississippi Delta consists almost entirely of the muscadine grape and its varieties. The wine is mostly consumed locally; and therefore, is rarely promoted outside the state. Mississippi wine Mississippi wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The hot and humid climate of Mississippi makes it very difficult to cultivate ""vitis

for growing seasons. The unpredictable Mississippi climate makes it difficult to grow other varieties of grapes, which is why the state's wine industry has never seen any significant emergence. The condition of Mississippi's climate and Terroir makes it nearly impossible to grow Vitis vinifera, or French hybrid grape varieties. Mississippi wineries cultivate the muscadine grape and its varieties due to its abundance throughout the region and resistance to humid conditions. Muscadine is the title given to a group of vine varieties most common in the South-Eastern United States. The varieties of the muscadine grape can be either light or dark

under the categories: Red, White, and Rose & Other wines. Their red blends which utilize the noble grape variety of the muscadine consist of Sweet Noble, Dry Noble, and semi-dry red Natchez Rouge. Similarly, their white blends consist of: semi-sweet white Southern Belle, sweet whites Blue Bayou and Sweet Magnolia, and dry white Carlos, which utilizes the carlos grape variety of the muscadine. They also list two roses, sweet rose Miss Scarlett and semi-sweet rose Miss Blush, along with a semi-sweet blueberry wine named Blueberry Thrill. The Mississippi Delta AVA, formed in 1984 and shared with Mississippi's border states Tennessee

that grows freely in the sub-tropical region. The use of this grape yields a sweet wine that creates a refreshing experience on humid days; and therefore, quickly became popular among residents. However, thirteen years before Prohibition in the United States, in 1907, wine production was suppressed due to a statute banning the manufacture and sale of Mississippi wine. Due to the long-lasting effect prohibition created in the deep south, Mississippi was the last state to repeal the Volstead Act in 1966, and many counties remain dry through present day. The obstacles that history has created for wine production in the

Mississippi
and employment opportunities in Mississippi, was adopted in 2005. Mississippi, like the rest of its southern neighbors, is a right-to-work state. It has some major automotive factories, such as the Toyota Mississippi Plant in Blue Springs and a Nissan Automotive plant in Canton. The latter produces the Nissan Titan. Mississippi collects personal income tax in three tax brackets, ranging from 3% to 5%. The retail sales tax rate in Mississippi is 7%. Tupelo levies a local sales tax of 2.5%. State sales tax growth was 1.4 percent in 2016 and estimated to be slightly less in 2017. For purposes of

not including the prairie regions, consists of mixed pine-hardwood forest, common species being loblolly pine, oaks (e.g., water oak), hickories, sweetgum, and elm. Areas along large rivers are commonly inhabited by baldcypress, water tupelo, water elm, and bitter pecan. Commonly cultivated trees include loblolly pine, longleaf pine, cherrybark oak, and cottonwood. There are approximately 3000 species of vascular plants known from Mississippi. As of 2018, a project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation aims to update that checklist of plants with museum (herbarium) vouchers and create an online atlas of each species's distribution. About 420 species of birds are

assessment for ad valorem taxes, taxable property is divided into five classes. On August 30, 2007, a report by the United States Census Bureau indicated that Mississippi was the poorest state in the country. Major cotton farmers in the Delta have large, mechanized plantations, and they receive the majority of extensive federal subsidies going to the state, yet many other residents still live as poor, rural, landless laborers. The state's sizable poultry industry has faced similar challenges in its transition from family-run farms to large mechanized operations. Of $1.2 billion from 2002–2005 in federal subsidies to farmers in the Bolivar

Independent Film Festival, still held annually in Starkville, is the first and oldest in the state. George Ohr, known as the ""Mad Potter of Biloxi"" and the father of abstract expressionism in pottery, lived and worked in Biloxi, MS. Musicians of the state's Delta region were historically significant to the development of the blues. Although by the end of the 19th century, two-thirds of the farm owners were black, continued low prices for cotton and national financial pressures resulted in most of them losing their land. More problems built up with the boll weevil infestation, when thousands of agricultural jobs

EuroMillions
EuroMillions EuroMillions is a transnational lottery requiring 7 correct numbers to win the jackpot. It was launched on 7 February 2004 by France's Française des Jeux, Spain's ""Loterías y Apuestas del Estado"" and the United Kingdom's Camelot. The first draw was held on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. Initially, only the UK, France and Spain participated, with the Austrian, Belgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Portuguese and Swiss lotteries joining for the 8 October 2004 drawing. Draws are held every Tuesday and Friday night at 20:45 CET in Paris. A standard EuroMillions ticket costs €2.50, £2.50 or CHF3.50 per line played, depending

September 24, 2016 the amount of lucky stars changed from a pool of 11 to a pool of 12 numbers. Decreasing the jackpot winning odds from 1:117million to 1:140million. From September 24, 2016 the cost of entry in Ireland and Spain rose to €2.50 per line. All prizes, including the jackpot, are tax-free (except in Switzerland, Spain and Portugal since 2013) and are paid as a lump sum. Draws take place at 20:45 every Tuesday and Friday in Paris. The results are published shortly after the draw on associated and independent websites around 23:00 hours. To participate in the EuroMillions

numbers instead of the old 11. The prize structure as of Tuesday 27 September 2016 is as follows: The Prize Guarantee Fund is available to contribute to the jackpot, for example to boost the initial jackpot in a sequence of growing jackpots. The amount utilized each week is determined in advance by the participating lotteries. Effective 7 November 2009 new rules were put in place regarding rollovers. A new rule change of 12 January 2012 locks the Jackpot cap at €190,000,000 permanently and if the jackpot is not won after two draws, the prize money will be distributed amongst the

The 50p was added due to weak exchange rates between the pound and the euro and to cover the expense of the new Millionaire Maker. On 24 September 2016 the price per line in the UK was increased by an additional 50p to £2.50. EuroMillions EuroMillions is a transnational lottery requiring 7 correct numbers to win the jackpot. It was launched on 7 February 2004 by France's Française des Jeux, Spain's ""Loterías y Apuestas del Estado"" and the United Kingdom's Camelot. The first draw was held on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. Initially, only the UK, France and Spain

on the local currency. An option called ""Plus"" is currently available only in Ireland, adds €1.00 per line; as of February 2014, a non-optional addition called ""My Million"" in France adds €0.50 per line, while in Portugal it's called ""M1lhão"" and represents €0.30 of the whole €2.50 bet. The cost of playing in the UK increased from £1.50 to £2.00 per line on 7 November 2009, due to the combination of the EUR/GBP exchange rate, and an automatic entry in its Millionaire Raffle. From 24 September 2016 the cost per line increased from £2.00 to £2.50 in the UK. From

Prize Category Dy: y is the number of Draws from starting the minimum Jackpot (roll-ups) The first huge jackpot of over € 115.4 million hit the Irish Dolores McNamara on July 29, 2005. On February 3, 2006, three winners shared the record jackpot of € 183 million after the first rank was eleven draws vacant. Two Frenchmen and one Portuguese got € 61,191,026 each. In order to let the jackpot not grow even more, the rules of the game in the period from 2006 to 2009 stipulated that after the twelfth draw without a winner before the jackpot amount is

Lotto, tickets can be purchased from many outlets, namely at licensed stores and online websites. The gameplay changed on Tuesday 10 May 2011 with a second weekly draw and the number of ""lucky stars"" in the Pacquerette machine increasing from 9 to 11. A prize for matching two main numbers and no lucky stars was also introduced on the same date. On Saturday 24 September 2016 the number of ""lucky stars"" increased again, from 11 to 12. As of 24 September 2016 the structure of the draw was changed, with the Lucky Star being drawn from a pool of 12

changes to the game format (11 lucky stars instead of 9 and a new ""match 2 main numbers and no lucky stars"" prize tier). The first Super draw of 2016 took place on Friday 30 September to introduce the change to the game format (12 lucky stars instead of 11 and increased price). Event draws have been held to date on Super draws have been held to date on (A €100,000,000 Super draw was planned for 6 June 2014 but was cancelled when the jackpot rolled over to €105,000,000). AJ: Announced Jackpot (Super Draw) RO2: Roll over in the 2nd

winners at the next level. A new rule change of 24 September 2016: if the jackpot is not won after five draws, the prize money will be distributed amongst the winners at the next level. The participating national lotteries in the EuroMillions game have each established a EuroMillions Trust account. This is used for the settlement of all amounts due and for holding amounts in respect of future prizes. This trust arrangement protects the participating lotteries between them from a default from one of the national companies and ultimately the players' interests. Super Draws and Event draws are special drawings

rolled down and shared between the winners in the next prize tier. This happened for the first time on November 17, 2006, after over € 183 million had accumulated in the jackpot. The sum was shared between the winners of the second rank (there were 20 winners of € 9.6 million each). The first highest jackpot with € 190 million hit the Bayford couple from England on August 10, 2012, but they got ""only"" £ 148.6 million because of the strength of the euro. The € 185 million (£ 161.6 million) jackpot that hit the Weir couple from Scotland on

"Heart of palm"
Heart of palm Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees (notably coconut (""Cocos nucifera""), juçara (""Euterpe edulis""), Açaí palm (""Euterpe oleracea""), palmetto (""Sabal"" spp.), and peach palm. Harvesting of many uncultivated or wild single-stemmed palms results in palm tree death (e.g. ""Geonoma edulis""). However, other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants (e.g. ""Prestoea acuminata"", ""Euterpe oleracea"") and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm. Heart of palm may be eaten on its own, and often it is eaten in a salad. An alternative to wild heart

Palmette
open C-shape with the two in-growing scrolls at its tips. Much baroque and rococo or wrought-iron work of gates and balconies is made up of ever-varying combinations these C-scrolls, either on their own, back to back, or in support of full palmettes. As an ornamental motif found in classical architecture, the palmette and anthemion take many and varied forms. Typically, the upper part of the motif consists of five or more leaves or petals fanning rhythmically upwards from a single triangular or lozenge-shaped source at the base. In some instances hang down on either side above the base and below

down and the bark is removed, leaving layers of white fibers around the center core. During processing, the fibers are removed, leaving the center core or heart of palm. The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter. The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible. The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content. Hearts of palm are rich in fiber, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, vitamins B2, B6, and C. Heart of palm Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the

Palmette
the lowest leaves. The lower part consists of a symmetrical pair of elegant 'S' scrolls or volutes curling out sideways and downwards from the base of the leaves. The upper part recalls the thrusting growth of leaves and flowers, while the volutes of the lower part seem to suggest both contributing fertile energies and resulting fruits. It is often present on the necking of the capital of ionic order columns; however in column capitals of the Corinthian order it takes the shape of a 'fleuron' or flower resting against the abacus (top-most slab) of the capital and springing out from

"Palm branch"
excavations at Herod the Great's palace on Masada in Israel. In 2005, some of the seeds were planted. One grew and has been nicknamed ""Methuselah"". In contemporary Christianity, the palm branches carried on Palm Sunday originate in the triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem. Early Christians used the palm branch to symbolize the victory of the faithful over enemies of the soul, as in the Palm Sunday festival celebrating the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. In western Christian art, martyrs were often shown holding a palm frond as an attribute, representing the victory of spirit over flesh, and it

so closely associated with victory in ancient Roman culture that the Latin word ""palma"" could be used as a metonym for ""victory"", and was a sign of any kind of victory. A lawyer who won his case in the forum would decorate his front door with palm leaves. The palm branch or tree became a regular attribute of the goddess Victory, and when Julius Caesar secured his rise to sole power with a victory at Pharsalus, a palm tree was supposed to have sprung up miraculously at the Temple of Nike, the Greek counterpart of Victory, in Tralles, later known

ornament separating two scenes. Palms also represented heaven, evidenced by ancient art often depicting Jesus in heaven among palms. In the Middle Ages, pilgrims to the Holy Land would bring back palms for deposit at their home churches. Crusaders would carry or wear an image of one, seen today in the Catholic Order of the Holy Sepulchre, which still awards a Palm of Jerusalem decoration. In addition, the Custody of the Holy Land, courtesy of the Catholic Church, bestows the Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross on Catholic pilgrims to the city. The palm is richly significant in Islamic culture, and the palm

Heart
for several large blood vessels – the venae cavae, aorta and pulmonary trunk. The upper part of the heart is located at the level of the third costal cartilage. The lower tip of the heart, the apex, lies to the left of the sternum (8 to 9 cm from the midsternal line) between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their articulation with the costal cartilages. The largest part of the heart is usually slightly offset to the left side of the chest (though occasionally it may be offset to the right) and is felt to be on

"Enforcement of foreign judgments"
which the judgement was made protects freedom of speech to at least the same degree as the United States and the foreign court's conduct of the case in which the judgement was reached respected the due process guarantees of the U.S. Constitution to the same extent as a U.S. court would've. If the country that issued the judgment and the country where recognition is sought are not parties to the Hague Convention on Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (as of December 2017, only ratified by Albania, Cyprus, Kuwait, the Netherlands and Portugal ), the Brussels regime (all European

example is intellectual property. Under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization, nominally strong copyright laws have been implemented throughout most of the world; but because the attitude of much of the population does not conform to these laws, a rebellion against ownership rights has manifested in rampant piracy, including an increase in peer-to-peer file sharing. Similarly, in Russia, tax evasion is common and a person who admits he does not pay taxes is not judged or criticized by his colleagues and friends, because the tax system is viewed as unreasonable. Bribery likewise has different normative implications across cultures.

"Enforcement Directive"
unwarranted delays"". They must furthermore be effective, proportionate and dissuasive and must not act as barriers to trade. The persons who are entitled to apply for the remedies are primarily the holder of intellectual property right, but also any person authorised to use it, such as licencees and intellectual property rights. Collective rights management and professional defence bodies may also have the right under certain circumstances. Section 2 of the Directive deals with the evidence. Article 6 gives the power to the interested party to apply for evidence regarding an infringement that lies in the hands of the other party

"Rule of law in the United Kingdom"
sole conception of the rule of law. In the 2008 case of ""R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 2)"", an Order in Council of the British government was found to have no basis in law by a minority of judges on final appeal. Additional powers can be granted to actors on behalf of the government only through parliament. In the United Kingdom, sanctions for departing from these rules come through ordinary court procedure; in other countries they may be assigned to designated courts. Government departments are directly liable for damage caused by their acts;

the Directive harmonises the rules on standing, evidence, interlocutory measures, seizure and injunctions, damages and costs and judicial publication. The Directive requires all Member States to apply effective, dissuasive and proportionate remedies and penalties against those engaged in counterfeiting and piracy. Thus, the purpose of the instrument is to regulate enforcement of intellectual property rights, not the rights themselves. The Directive leaves unaffected the substantive provisions on intellectual property, international obligations of the Member States and national provisions relating to criminal procedure and criminal enforcement. In short, the Directive adds extra measures on enforcement of digital copyright while leaving national

the United States, and a foreign country, Canada, for example, the prevailing concept is comity. The Court in the United States, in most cases, will unilaterally enforce the foreign judgment, without proof of diplomatic reciprocity, either under judge-made law or under specific statutes. Recognition will be generally denied if the judgment is substantively incompatible with basic legal principles in the recognizing country. For example, U.S. courts, in accordance with the Securing the Protection of our Enduring and Established Constitutional Heritage Act, are prohibited from recognizing or enforcing foreign libel judgments against any United States person unless the foreign country in

"Incorporation of international law"
exemplified by the United Kingdom, where treaty-making is considered to be the exclusive competence of ""Her Majesty's Government"" (the executive). All treaties must be incorporated if they are to have any effect on domestic legislation. To do otherwise would violate the doctrine of the sovereignty of Parliament, which reserves legislative primacy to the British parliament. However, treaties may have interpretative value, and judges consider that Parliament, in the absence of clear contrary intention, did not intend for an Act to conflict with a ratified treaty. The position of the United States is intermediate to the two extremes described above. The

material question becomes whether the judgment debtor is bound to abide to the judgment. It is recognised as binding on and against the party against whom it was given only if it was delivered by a court which, according to English law, was competent to deliver a judgment. Jurisdictional, with regard to the foreign court rules) rules are irrelevant. It is thus crucial for the court to determine whether the adjudicating court's own standards for recognition are satisfied by the facts, the adjudicating court must be satisfied not that the foreign court bears jurisdiction under its own rules, but whether,

the territory of the adjudicating court when proceedings instituted, the court will bind the party to the decision of the court so long as the adjudications are recognised as conclusive. The question of whether the judgment will be ""enforced"" will be a separate matter. Secondly, if a party is shown to have agreed with his opponent, by word or action, to abide by the judgment of the court, private agreement is sufficient for recognising the substance of the judgment as res judicata. Only English judgments are recognised in England, if the foreign court is competent, under English rules, and there

Foreign judgments may be recognized either unilaterally or based on principles of comity, i.e. mutual deference between courts in different countries. In English courts, the bases of the enforcement of foreign judgments are not comity, but the doctrine of obligation. Between two different States in the United States, enforcement is generally required under the ""Full Faith and Credit Clause"" (Article IV, Section 1) of the U.S. Constitution, which compels a State to give another State's Judgment an effect as if it were local. This usually requires some sort of an abbreviated application on notice, or docketing. Between one State in

"Super Bowl XXXVII"
Chris Cooper returned Gramatica's kickoff 6 yards before being tackled by Jack Golden, ending the game. The Buccaneers won their first-ever Super Bowl with a 48-21 victory. Gannon said after the game that his performance was ""nightmarish"". Tampa Bay dominated Oakland, outgaining them in total yards (365 to 269), rushing yards (150 to 19), first downs (24 to 11), offensive plays (76 to 60), and forced turnovers (5 to 1). As many sports fans and writers predicted, Gruden's prior knowledge of the Raiders was a major factor. The most damaging piece of evidence is NFL Films footage of Tampa Bay

as Tampa Bay's head coach. In 2002, the Buccaneers ranked 25th in the league in total yards gained (5,222). Quarterback Brad Johnson made the Pro Bowl, completing 281 out of 451 passes for 3,049 yards, 22 touchdowns, and only 6 interceptions. Running back Michael Pittman led the team in rushing with 718 yards and one touchdown, and caught 59 passes for 477 yards. Pro Bowl fullback Mike Alstott had 548 rushing yards and 5 touchdowns, and also had 35 receptions for 242 yards and 2 touchdowns. Wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson led the team with 76 receptions for 1,088 yards and

record. Oakland, ""Gruden's ""old"" team"", advanced to their fifth Super Bowl after an regular season. Super Bowl XXXVII is also referred to as the ""Pirate Bowl"", due to both teams' pirate-themed names. The Raiders came into the game as four-point favorites. However, the Tampa Bay defense dominated the contest. Oakland quarterback Rich Gannon threw a Super Bowl record five interceptions, three of which were returned for touchdowns. The Buccaneers also sacked Gannon five times, and scored 34 consecutive points to build a 34–3 lead late in the third quarter. Tampa Bay safety Dexter Jackson, who had two of those interceptions

ABC because the network cut to commercials). The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36-yard line. However, six plays later, Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40-yard field goal to give them a 3–0 lead. Buccaneers kick returner Aaron Stecker returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to the 29-yard line, then

picks, two second-round picks and $8 million to the Raiders to get Gruden. Tampa Bay was desperate to have someone rebuild their offense so it would complement their powerful defense in an attempt to win the Super Bowl. For most of their history, the Buccaneers were regarded as losers, making the playoffs only three times in their first 20 seasons. But that changed when the team hired Tony Dungy as head coach in 1996. Dungy, along with his defensive coordinator Monte Kiffin, rebuilt the defense around a core group of players, such as defensive lineman Warren Sapp, linebacker Derrick Brooks,

5 touchdowns, while wide receiver Keenan McCardell had 61 receptions for 670 yards and 6 touchdowns. However, the Buccaneers' defense was still the strength of the team, leading the NFL in total defense (252.8 yards per game), pass defense (155.6 yards per game), points allowed (12.3 points per game), passing touchdowns allowed (10), interceptions (31), and opponent passer rating (48.4). Brooks, Lynch, Sapp, and defensive end Simeon Rice all had Pro Bowl years. Brooks led the team with 87 tackles and excelled at pass coverage, recording 5 interceptions, 218 return yards, and 2 touchdowns, plus 1 fumble return and 1

Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference

championship games (XVII, XXV, XXVIII, XXXIV, and XXXVI). It was also the last Super Bowl played in the month of January. This was the first Super Bowl in which the league's number one-ranked offense (Raiders) faced the league's number one-ranked defense (Buccaneers). The game sometimes is referred to as the ""Gruden Bowl"", because the primary storyline surrounding the game revolved around Jon Gruden. Gruden was the Raiders' head coach from 1998 to 2001, and then became the Buccaneers coach in 2002. Tampa Bay, ""Gruden's ""new"" team"", made their first Super Bowl appearance in team history after posting a regular season

won a playoff game since. Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held

Johnson's 8-yard touchdown pass to McCardell to increase their lead to 27–3. Then on the second play of Oakland's ensuing drive, Buccaneers defensive back Dwight Smith intercepted Gannon's pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, making the score 34–3. After giving up 34 consecutive points, Oakland finally managed to drive 82 yards down the field and score on a 39-yard touchdown pass from Gannon to wide receiver Jerry Porter. Although he was initially ruled as being out of bounds when he caught the ball, it was determined that Porter had both feet in the end zone. The two-point

"Good Witch (TV series)"
Good Witch (TV series) Good Witch is an American / Canadian fantasy comedy-drama television series that is based on the made-for-TV movie series of the same name, produced by Whizbang Films in association with ITV Studios and the Hallmark Channel. Catherine Bell, who played Cassie Nightingale, the ""Good Witch"" in the movie series, both co-produces and stars in the series. ""Good Witch"" premiered on February 28, 2015, and was consecutively renewed through a fourth season, which aired from April 29 to July 1, 2018. Immediately following the fourth season's finale, Hallmark aired a teaser for a two-hour Halloween special, which

aired on October 21, 2018. On July 26, 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season. As with the previous seven TV movies, the series continues the spirited life of newly widowed Cassie Nightingale, the good-hearted enchantress of the fictional Middleton, United States, with her now-teenage daughter Grace. When new neighbors, the Radfords, move in next door, they become suspicious of Cassie and her daughter. The series is filmed in Toronto, Ontario primarily at Cinespace Film Studios' Kipling Avenue facility. As producer Orly Adelson was president of ITV Studios America in 2014, ITV agreed to become the franchise's TV

"The Good Witch"
time period, propelling the channel to the #4 spot in weekly ranking. The ""Good Witch"" (Region 1) DVD was released on January 5, 2010. ""The Good Witch Collection"" (Region 1) DVD was released October 14, 2014. In addition to the original TV movie the Hallmark Channel has aired ten sequels. In February 2014, the Hallmark Channel announced that ""Good Witch"" had been green-lighted for a ten-episode series, starring Catherine Bell, to premiere on February 28, 2015. Production for the first season began on October 29, 2014, in Toronto, with Sue Tenney as showrunner. Bailee Madison and James Denton also star.

"The Worst Witch (2017 TV series)"
made available to members in the UK, Ireland and Germany after its premiere on CBBC and ZDF. The series premiered on CBBC on 11 January 2017. A second series was confirmed in June 2017 and began airing from 8 January 2018. According to the casts posts on Twitter, filming for a third season was completed in August 2018. A post by Megan Hughes' account suggests it will premiere on CBBC in January 2019. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In November 2014, it was announced that a new series of The Worst Witch was in development with the BBC. The cast of the show

"The Good Witch's Gift"
The Good Witch's Gift The Good Witch's Gift also known as The Good Witch's Wedding premiered on November 13, 2010 and is the third installment in the Hallmark Channel's series of ""The Good Witch"" telefilms, the first of which premiered on the Hallmark Channel on January 19, 2008. Cassie Nightingale has settled comfortably in Middleton with a successful boutique and is now engaged to Chief of Police Russell (Chris Potter). Having gifts for everyone else, finding one for Cassie proves to be a little more tricky for Jake. He sets his heart on letting Cassie wake up with a family

"Every Witch Way"
the 4-11 demographic. The season 2 episodes drew numerous viewers, however, its eighth episode, drew 1.71 million viewers, The one hour season two finale on August 8, 2014 had 1.70 million viewers, giving the second season a total average of 1.696 million viewers. The ""Spellbound"" special, which premiered on November 26, 2014 had 1.58 million viewers, earning a top rating in season 2 for the 18-49 demographic. The season 3 premiere had 1.66 million viewers. The second episode of season 3 had 1.54 million viewers, causing a small drop until the third episode, which drew 1.56 million viewers. The season

series distributor outside of North America. On October 13, 2015, Hallmark released the first season of ""Good Witch"" on DVD. Its packaging contains two discs. On October 11, 2016, Hallmark released the second season of ""Good Witch"" on DVD. Its packaging contains three discs, including the Halloween special, ""Good Witch Halloween"". The series is available internationally on Netflix. Good Witch (TV series) Good Witch is an American / Canadian fantasy comedy-drama television series that is based on the made-for-TV movie series of the same name, produced by Whizbang Films in association with ITV Studios and the Hallmark Channel. Catherine Bell,

"The Good Place (season 3)"
""The Good Place"" remains a delightfully insightful bright spot on the television landscape."" On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 96 out of 100, based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". The Good Place (season 3) The third season of the fantasy comedy television series ""The Good Place"", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season will consist of thirteen episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop

on Christmas Day, after getting married on Christmas Eve. With 7 days to go, everyone gets involved in the planning. Martha Tinsdale, who is looking for a job after her husband announces they're broke, discovers her talent for wedding planning. She eventually overcomes her struggles not to let her own vision undermine the bride-to be's. Betty, the owner of a local bakery is in charge of the menu, including the cake, and comes out more confident after Cassie gives her necklace. As the Chief of Police, Jake Russell has additional concerns, as Leon Deeks, a man he put in jail

"The Good Witch's Family"
under different names. It aired in Spain as ""El hechizo de la dama gris"" (The spell of the Lady Grey), in Italy as ""Una nuova vita per Cassie"" (A new life for Cassie), and in France as ""Le jardin des merveilles"" and ""Un mariage féerique"". Though released in the United States on October 29, 2011, it aired on August 5 2011 in the United Kingdom and on October 16, 2011 in Spain. Following US airings, it aired in Italy in December 2011 and in Belgium in February 2012. ""The Oklahoman"" remarked that in her recurring role of Casandra Nightingale in

"Theme from A Summer Place"
Theme from A Summer Place ""Theme from ""A Summer Place"""" is a song with lyrics by Mack Discant and music by Max Steiner, written for the 1959 film ""A Summer Place"", which starred Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue. It was recorded for the film as an instrumental by Hugo Winterhalter. Originally known as the ""Molly and Johnny Theme"", the piece is not the main title theme of the film, but a secondary love theme for the characters played by Dee and Donahue. Following its initial film appearance, the theme has been recorded by many artists in both instrumental and vocal

versions, and has also appeared in a number of subsequent films and television programs. The best-known cover version of the theme is an instrumental version by Percy Faith and his orchestra that was a Number One hit for nine weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in 1960. Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the theme, an instrumental orchestral arrangement, at the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City. It was released in September 1959 as a single on Columbia Records, credited to ""Percy Faith and his Orchestra,"" prior to the November 1959 release of the film

did not break, the nine-week record in 1968.) It remains the longest-running #1 instrumental in the history of the chart. ""Billboard"" ranked Faith's version as the Number One song for 1960. The Faith version reached #2 in the UK. It was also a #1 hit in Italy under the title ""Scandalo Al Sole."" Faith won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1961 for his recording. This was the first movie theme and the first instrumental to win a Record of the Year Grammy. Faith re-recorded the song twice: first, in 1969, as a female choral version, then,

""A Summer Place"". The single was not an immediate hit and did not enter the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart until mid-January 1960, finally reaching #1 six weeks later on February 22, 1960. It went on to set an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at #1, a record which would not be broken until 1977, when ""You Light Up My Life"" spent ten weeks at #1. (Elvis Presley's double-sided hit ""Don't Be Cruel/ Hound Dog"" remained at #1 for 11 weeks in 1956 prior to the 1958 creation of the Hot 100 chart; The Beatles' ""Hey Jude"" tied, but

"A Summer Place (film)"
A Summer Place (film) A Summer Place is a 1959 romantic drama film based on Sloan Wilson's 1958 novel of the same name, about teenage lovers from different social classes who get back together twenty years later, and then must deal with the passionate love affair of their own teenage children by previous marriages. Delmer Daves directed the movie, which stars Richard Egan and Dorothy McGuire as the middle-aged lovers, and Troy Donahue and Sandra Dee as their children. The film contains a memorable instrumental theme composed by Max Steiner, which spent nine weeks at #1 on the ""Billboard"" Hot

instrumental hit ""Theme from ""A Summer Place"""", composed by Max Steiner, was used in the film as a secondary musical theme (not the main title theme) for scenes featuring Molly and Johnny. The version used in the film was recorded by Hugo Winterhalter. It was later arranged and recorded by Percy Faith and performed by his orchestra, enriching and improving on the original. In 1960, the Percy Faith version reached Number One on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks, a record at that time. The theme has been covered in instrumental or vocal versions by numerous other

artists, including The Lettermen, Andy Williams, Cliff Richard, Julie London, Billy Vaughn, Joanie Sommers and The Ventures, and has been featured in many other films and television programs. In the 1971 film ""The Omega Man"", the lead character Robert Neville played by Charlton Heston, listens to the film soundtrack main theme in his car on an 8-track tape cartridge during the pre-credit opening sequence. The film is part of a plot point in the Barry Levinson 1982 film ""Diner."" Set in 1959, the character ""Boogie"" and several of his friends attend a movie theater showing of ""A Summer Place"", where

adapted into several other songs. Most vocal versions of the theme have featured the Discant lyrics. However, some featured wordless vocals by singers who voiced the melody line. ""Theme from ""A Summer Place"""" is frequently used as period background or soundtrack music in films and television programs set between 1959 and the mid-1960s. The theme has also become a ubiquitous representation of ""peaceful music"" and has been employed frequently in films, television shows and other popular culture to suggest peacefulness or in situations where inoffensive music is common (e.g. as stereotypical ""elevator music""). It is also used for intentionally stereotypical

"A Summer Place"
A Summer Place A Summer Place is a 1958 novel by Sloan Wilson, and follows his 1955 bestseller ""The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit"". The novel is about an adult couple who rekindle a long-ago summer romance that ended because of class differences, and their two teenage children from other marriages who also fall in love with each other. It was adapted into a 1959 film of the same name. Two onetime teenage lovers, Ken Jorgenson and Sylvia Hunter, marry other people, but rediscover each other later in life. By then, Sylvia has a son, Johnny, and Ken a

in 1976, as a disco version titled ""Summer Place '76."" In 2008, Faith's original version was ranked at #18 on ""Billboard""'s top 100 songs during the first 50 years of the Hot 100 chart. ""The Billboard Book of Number One Hits"" called it ""the most successful instrumental single of the rock era."" ""Theme from ""A Summer Place"""" has been covered by a number of artists in addition to Percy Faith, in both non-vocal instrumental versions, and with one or more vocalists either singing the Discant lyrics or a wordless melody line. The theme has also been referenced, sampled, or otherwise

"Fluid compartments"
Fluid compartments The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated. The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The intracellular compartment is the space within the organism's cells; it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes. About two thirds of the total body water of humans is held in the cells, mostly in the cytosol, and the remainder is found

also known as cytosol, is all fluid contained inside the cells. It is the matrix in which cellular organelles are suspended. The cytosol and organelles together compose the cytoplasm. The cell membranes are the outer barrier. In humans, the intracellular compartment contains on average about 8 litres of fluid, and under ordinary circumstances remains in osmotic equilibrium. It contains moderate quantities of magnesium and sulphate ions. The interstitial, intravascular and transcellular compartments comprise the extracellular compartment. Its extracellular fluid (ECF) contains about one-third of total body water. The interstitial compartment (also called ""tissue space"") surrounds tissue cells. It is filled

in the extracellular compartment. The extracellular fluids may be divided into three types: interstitial fluid in the ""interstitial compartment"" (surrounding tissue cells and bathing them in a solution of nutrients and other chemicals), blood plasma and lymph in the ""intravascular compartment"" (inside the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels), and small amounts of transcellular fluid such as ocular and cerebrospinal fluids in the ""transcellular compartment"". The interstitial and intravascular compartments readily exchange water and solutes but the third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, is thought of as separate from the other two and not in dynamic equilibrium with them. The intracellular fluid,

"Extracellular fluid"
be considered a newly identified biological structure in the body. However, there is some debate over whether the interstitium is an organ. Main cations: Main anions: Extracellular fluid Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells. Total body water in humans makes up between 45 to 75% of total body weight. About two thirds of this is intracellular fluid within cells, and one third is the extracellular fluid. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that bathes cells. Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a

Extracellular fluid Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells. Total body water in humans makes up between 45 to 75% of total body weight. About two thirds of this is intracellular fluid within cells, and one third is the extracellular fluid. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that bathes cells. Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a blood circulatory system a proportion of this fluid is blood plasma. Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97% of

with interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid provides the immediate microenvironment that allows for movement of ions, proteins and nutrients across the cell barrier. This fluid is not static, but is continually being refreshed by the blood capillaries and recollected by lymphatic capillaries. In the average male (70 kg) human body, the interstitial space has approximately 10.5 litres of fluid. The main intravascular fluid in mammals is blood, a complex mixture with elements of a suspension (blood cells), colloid (globulins), and solutes (glucose and ions). The blood represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside the blood cells) and the extracellular compartment

(the blood plasma). The other intravascular fluid is lymph. It too represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside its lymphocytes) and the extracellular compartment (the noncellular matrix of the lymph, which is roughly equivalent to serum). The average volume of plasma in the average (70 kg) male is approximately 3.5 liters. The volume of the intravascular compartment is regulated in part by hydrostatic pressure gradients, and by reabsorption by the kidneys. The third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, consists of those spaces in the body where fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts, or where any significant fluid collection

fourteen litres. The interstitial fluid and the plasma make up about 97% of the ECF, and a small percentage of this is lymph. Interstitial fluid is fluid that surrounds cells, providing them with nutrients and removing their waste products. Eleven litres of the ECF is interstitial fluid and the remaining three litres is plasma. Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar because water, ions, and small solutes are continuously exchanged between them across the walls of capillaries, through pores and capillary clefts. Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing sugars, salts, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, white

interact at the level of the blood capillaries. The capillaries are permeable and water can move freely in and out. At the arteriolar end of the capillary the blood pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure in the tissues. Water will therefore seep out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid. The pores through which this water moves are large enough to allow all the smaller molecules (up to the size of small proteins such as insulin) to move freely through the capillary wall as well. This means that their concentrations across the capillary wall equalize, and therefore have no

from low plasma ionized calcium concentrations. The extracellular fluid is constantly ""stirred"" by the circulatory system, which ensures that the watery environment which bathes the body’s cells is virtually identical throughout the body. This means that nutrients can be secreted into the ECF in one place (e.g. the gut, liver, or fat cells) and will, within about a minute, be evenly distributed throughout the body. Hormones are similarly rapidly and evenly spread to every cell in the body, regardless of where they are secreted into the blood. Oxygen taken up by the lungs from the alveolar air is also evenly

"1945 United Kingdom general election"
government, precipitating an election which took place in July 1945. King George VI dissolved Parliament, which had been sitting for ten years without an election. What followed was perhaps one of the greatest swings of public confidence of the twentieth century. In May 1945, the month in which the war in Europe ended, Churchill's approval ratings stood at 83%, although the Labour Party held an 18% lead as of February 1945. Labour won overwhelming support while Churchill ""was both surprised and stunned"" by the crushing defeat suffered by the Conservatives. The greatest factor in Labour's dramatic win appeared to be

won its first majority government, and a mandate to implement its postwar reforms. The 10.7% national swing from the Conservative Party to the Labour Party remains the largest ever achieved in a British general election. Held less than two months after VE Day, it was the first general election since 1935, as general elections had been suspended during the Second World War. Clement Attlee, Leader of the Labour Party, refused Winston Churchill's offer of continuing the wartime coalition until the Allied defeat of Japan. Parliament was dissolved on 15 June. The caretaker government led by Churchill was heavily defeated; the

"Aftermath of World War II"
to oust Winston Churchill, forcing a general election. Following a landslide victory, Labour held more than 60% of the seats in the House of Commons and formed a new government on 26 July 1945 under Clement Attlee. Britain's war debt was described by some in the American administration as a ""millstone round the neck of the British economy"". Although there were suggestions for an international conference to tackle the issue, in August 1945 the U.S. announced unexpectedly that the Lend-Lease programme was to end immediately. The abrupt withdrawal of American Lend-Lease support to Britain on 2 September 1945 dealt a

"History of the Labour Party (UK)"
value of property income fell by 15% and salaries by some 21% over that same period. With the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Labour resolved not to repeat the Liberals' error of 1918, and withdrew from the government to contest the 1945 general election (5 July) in opposition to Churchill's Conservatives. Surprising many observers, Labour won a landslide victory, winning just under 50% of the vote with a majority of 145 seats. The exact reasons for the victory are still debated. During the war, public opinion surveys showed public opinion moving to the left and in

on some form of a Gestapo"" to impose socialism on Britain. Attlee responded the next night by ironically thanking the Prime Minister for demonstrating to people the difference between Churchill the great wartime leader and Churchill the peacetime politician, and argued the case for public control of industry. Another blow to the Conservative campaign was the memory of the 1930s policy of appeasement, which had been conducted by Churchill's Conservative predecessors, Neville Chamberlain and Stanley Baldwin, and was at this stage widely discredited for allowing Adolf Hitler's Germany to become too powerful. Labour had strongly advocated appeasement until 1938. The

"Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)"
in votes for the Conservatives, the Alliance failed to break into Parliament in significant numbers and the Conservatives were returned in a landslide. Thatcher was committed to reducing the power of the trade unions but, unlike the Heath government, adopted a strategy of incremental change rather than a single Act. Several unions launched strikes that were wholly or partly aimed at damaging her politically. The most significant of these was carried out by the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). However, Thatcher had made preparations long in advance for an NUM strike by building up coal stocks, and there were no

"Labour Party (UK)"
Minister of Labour, directed Britain's wartime economy and allocation of manpower, the veteran Labour statesman Herbert Morrison became Home Secretary, Hugh Dalton was Minister of Economic Warfare and later President of the Board of Trade, while A. V. Alexander resumed the role he had held in the previous Labour Government as First Lord of the Admiralty. At the end of the war in Europe, in May 1945, Labour resolved not to repeat the Liberals' error of 1918, and promptly withdrew from government, on trade union insistence, to contest the 1945 general election in opposition to Churchill's Conservatives. Surprising many observers,

Labour Party under Attlee's leadership won a landslide victory, gaining a majority of 145 seats. The result of the election came as a major shock to the Conservatives, given the heroic status of Winston Churchill, but reflected the voters' belief that the Labour Party were better able to rebuild the country following the war than the Conservatives. Ralph Ingersoll reported in late 1940 that ""Everywhere I went in London people admired [Churchill's] energy, his courage, his singleness of purpose. People said they didn't know what Britain would do without him. He was obviously respected. But no one felt he would

would require ""some form of a Gestapo"" to implement is considered to have been particularly poorly judged. The Labour manifesto 'Let Us Face the Future' included promises of nationalisation, economic planning, full employment, a National Health Service, and a system of social security. The Conservative manifesto, 'Mr. Churchill's Declaration to the Voters', on the other hand, included progressive ideas on key social issues but was relatively vague on the idea of post-war economic control; having been associated with high levels of unemployment in the 1930s, they failed to convince voters that they could effectively deal with it in a post-war

economy, and re-arming Britain, while Churchill was less interested in furthering his party, much to the chagrin of many of its members and MPs. 1945 United Kingdom general election The 1945 United Kingdom general election was held on 5 July 1945, with polls in some constituencies delayed until 12 July and in Nelson and Colne until 19 July, because of local wakes weeks. The results were counted and declared on 26 July, to allow time to transport the votes of those serving overseas. The result was an unexpected landslide victory for Clement Attlee's Labour Party, over Winston Churchill's Conservatives. It

"Filmfare Award for Best Director"
Zoya Akhtar won it for ""Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara"" in 2012.Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari won it for ""Bareilly Ki Barfi"" in 2018. Other women Directors to have been nominated are Mira Nair for ""Salaam Bombay!"" in 1990, Farah Khan for ""Main Hoon Na"" in 2005 and for ""Om Shanti Om"" in 2008, Gauri Shinde for ""English Vinglish"" in 2013 and Meghna Gulzar for ""Talvar in 2016 Rajkumar Santoshi remains the only Director to have won the Award for his first two films, Ghayal and Damini Nitesh Tiwari and Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari are the only married couple to win the award. Nitesh

Tiwari won the award for ""Dangal"" in 2017 and Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari won the award for ""Bareilly Ki Barfi"" in 2018. Only once have two siblings been nominated in the same year; Zoya Akhtar and Farhan Akhtar in 2012. The following Directors have received multiple Best Director nominations. The list is sorted by the number of total awards (with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses). In the list below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees. The films are listed by the years when the award was presented. The

and Sanjay Leela Bhansali have received 6 nominations each. Mahesh Bhatt was nominated thrice in a row (1984–1986). However, he hasn't received any Award even after receiving 6 nominations. Also, no Director has ever won if one has been nominated twice in the same year – Gulzar in 1974, Basu Chatterjee in 1977 and Hrishikesh Mukherjee in 1980. Sai Paranjpye was the first of three women to have won the Award, the second being Zoya Akhtar, the third being Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari. Sai Paranjpye won it for ""Sparsh"" in 1985. Paranjpye had earlier been nominated for ""Chashme Buddoor"" in 1982.

Filmfare Award for Best Director The Filmfare Best Director Award is one of the main awards presented given by the annual Filmfare Awards to recognise directors working in the Hindi film Industry. It was first presented in 1954 in the inaugural year. Bimal Roy has the record of winning most Awards 7 and distinction of winning the Award thrice in a row, on two separate occasions (1954–1956 and 1959–1961). He won the Award whenever he was nominated. Yash Chopra, Raj Kapoor and Sanjay Leela Bhansali have received the Award four times each. Yash Chopra received 12 nominations, while Raj Kapoor

"Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards"
from its basic function of providing clean entertainment, is a strong social, cultural and artistic force to help the progressive development of the nation. Soumitra Chatterjee is the most awarded actor of all time with 9 wins, followed by Uttam Kumar (7) and Prosenjit Chatterjee (7),Rajesh Khanna (4), Sabyasachi Chakraborty (2) and Utpal Dutt (2). Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards commonly referred as BFJA Awards, is given by The Bengal Film Journalists' Association. The BFJA is the oldest association of film critics in India, founded in 1937 to serve the developing film journalism and film

"62nd Filmfare Awards"
62nd Filmfare Awards 62nd Filmfare Awards ceremony, presented by the Filmfare magazine, honored the best Hindi language Indian films of 2016. The ceremony was held on 14 January 2017 and was co-hosted by Kapil Sharma, Karan Johar and Shah Rukh Khan. Nominees were announced on 9 January 2017. Best Screenplay: Shakun Batra and Ayesha Devitre Dhillon for 'Kapoor & Sons' Best Story: Shakun Batra and Ayesha Devitre Dhillon for 'Kapoor & Sons' Best Dialogue: Ritesh Shah for 'Pink' Best Cinematography: Mitesh Mirchandani for 'Neerja' Best Editing: Monisha Baldawa for 'Neerja' Best Costume: Payal Saluja for 'Udta Punjab' Best Action: Shyam

Roshan has four wins, Rajesh Khanna , Naseeruddin Shah and Aamir Khan have three wins each. Seven actors have won the award twice in chronological order they are Raj Kapoor, Sunil Dutt, Dev Anand, Ashok Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Anil Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor. Dilip Kumar also holds the record for most consecutive wins, having won the award for three years in a row from 1956 to 1958. Six other actors have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Rajesh Khanna (1971–72), Sanjeev Kumar (1976–77), Amitabh Bachchan (1978–79), Naseeruddin Shah (1981–82), Shah Rukh Khan (1998–99), and Ranbir

Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent: Amit Mishra for 'Bulleya' from 'Ae Dil Hai Mushkil' 62nd Filmfare Awards 62nd Filmfare Awards ceremony, presented by the Filmfare magazine, honored the best Hindi language Indian films of 2016. The ceremony was held on 14 January 2017 and was co-hosted by Kapil Sharma, Karan Johar and Shah Rukh Khan. Nominees were announced on 9 January 2017. Best Screenplay: Shakun Batra and Ayesha Devitre Dhillon for 'Kapoor & Sons' Best Story: Shakun Batra and Ayesha Devitre Dhillon for 'Kapoor & Sons' Best Dialogue: Ritesh Shah for 'Pink' Best Cinematography: Mitesh Mirchandani for

"Keystone Heights, Florida"
Keystone Heights, Florida Keystone Heights is a city located in southwestern Clay County, Florida, United States. The population of the city was 1,350 at the 2010 census. In 1918, the area that would eventually become known as the city of Keystone Heights was a small community known as Brooklyn located along present day State Road 100, about one mile north of the present location of Keystone Heights on Lake Brooklyn. In those early days Brooklyn consisted of a large unpainted building called the Brooklyn Hotel; a combination general store and post office; and several small houses scattered about. Property Developer

"Keystone, Florida"
Keystone, Florida Keystone is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,039 at the 2010 census, up from 14,627 at the 2000 census. The ZIP Codes encompassing the CDP area are 33556 and 33558. Keystone is located in the northwest corner of Hillsborough County at (28.127550, -82.589117). It is bordered to the east by Cheval and Northdale, to the southeast by Citrus Park, and to the south by Westchase, all in Hillsborough County. To the west, Keystone is bordered by East Lake in Pinellas County, and to the north the CDP is bordered by

south to Hawthorne. SR 100 crosses SR 21 and leads north to Starke and southeast to Palatka. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 1.16%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,349 people, 515 households, and 374 families residing in the city. The population density was 296.9 people per square mile (114.7/km²). There were 562 housing units at an average density of 123.7 per square mile (47.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.07% White, 0.44% African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.52% Asian,

was $19,157. About 5.1% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. Keystone Heights has a city manager form of government, with a mayor and four council members, all elected at large. They serve three-year terms. Keystone Heights, Florida Keystone Heights is a city located in southwestern Clay County, Florida, United States. The population of the city was 1,350 at the 2010 census. In 1918, the area that would eventually become known as the city of Keystone Heights was a small

Trinity and Odessa in Pasco County. Keystone is northwest of downtown Tampa. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 10.29%, are water. As of the census of 2000, there were 14,627 people, 5,160 households, and 4,380 families residing in the community. The population density was 405.4 people per square mile (156.5/km²). There were 5,709 housing units at an average density of 158.2/sq mi (61.1/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 91.30% White, 3.50% African American, 0.34% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.94%

$55,905 versus $37,190 for females. The per capita income for the community was $35,136. About 1.4% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over. Keystone is served by Hillsborough County Public School through the following: Keystone, Florida Keystone is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,039 at the 2010 census, up from 14,627 at the 2000 census. The ZIP Codes encompassing the CDP area are 33556 and 33558. Keystone is located in the northwest

population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $39,519, and the median income for a family was $47,404. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $24,886 for females. The per capita income for the city

1926. As the city rapidly grew, the school began to expand as well, and in 1963, Keystone Heights High School and Keystone Heights Elementary were established on the property of what is today the elementary school. In September 1974, the high school moved to its present-day location across the street, and became Keystone Heights Junior/Senior High School. Keystone Heights is located in northeast Florida in the southwest corner of Clay County, at (29.787243, -82.033026). The city overlooks the north shore of Lake Geneva. State Road 21 leads northeast (via SR 16 to Green Cove Springs, the Clay County seat, and

spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males. The median income for a household in the community was $80,677, and the median income for a family was $84,592 (these figures had risen to $106,549 and $112,119 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of

0.30% Pacific Islander, 1.19% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.67% of the population. There were 515 households out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city, the

"History of sustainability"
late 19th century Eugenius Warming was the first botanist to study physiological relations between plants and their environment, heralding the scientific discipline of ecology. By the 20th century, the industrial revolution had led to an exponential increase in the human consumption of resources. The increase in health, wealth and population was perceived as a simple path of progress. However, in the 1930s economists began developing models of non-renewable resource management (see Hotelling's rule) and the sustainability of welfare in an economy that uses non-renewable resources (Hartwick's rule). Ecology had now gained general acceptance as a scientific discipline, and many concepts

19th centuries tapped into the vast growth potential of the energy in fossil fuels. Coal was used to power ever more efficient engines and later to generate electricity. Modern sanitation systems and advances in medicine protected large populations from disease. In the mid-20th century, a gathering environmental movement pointed out that there were environmental costs associated with the many material benefits that were now being enjoyed. In the late 20th century, environmental problems became global in scale. The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on non-renewable energy resources. In the

21st century, there is increasing global awareness of the threat posed by the human-induced enhanced greenhouse effect, produced largely by forest clearing and the burning of fossil fuels. In early human history, although the energy and other resource demands of nomadic hunter-gatherers was small, the use of fire and desire for specific foods may have altered the natural composition of plant and animal communities. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agriculture emerged in various regions of the world. Agrarian communities depended largely on their environment and the creation of a ""structure of permanence"". Societies outgrowing their local food supply or

global peak expected thereafter. In the 1970s environmentalism's concern with pollution, the population explosion, consumerism and the depletion of finite resources found expression in ""Small Is Beautiful,"" by British economist E. F. Schumacher in 1973, and ""The Limits to Growth"" published by the global think tank, the Club of Rome, in 1975. Environmental problems were now becoming global in scale. The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on a nonrenewable resource; President Carter in his State of the Union Address called on Americans to ""Conserve energy. Eliminate waste. Make 1980

Sustainability
the natural composition of plant and animal communities. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agrarian communities emerged which depended largely on their environment and the creation of a ""structure of permanence."" The Western industrial revolution of the 18th to 19th centuries tapped into the vast growth potential of the energy in fossil fuels. Coal was used to power ever more efficient engines and later to generate electricity. Modern sanitation systems and advances in medicine protected large populations from disease. In the mid-20th century, a gathering environmental movement pointed out that there were environmental costs associated with the many material benefits

industrial, technological and scientific growth that has continued to this day, marking the commencement of a period of global human influence known as the Anthropocene. From 1650 to 1850 the global population doubled from around 500 million to 1 billion people. Concerns about the environmental and social impacts of industry were expressed by some Enlightenment political economists and through the Romantic movement of the 1800s. The Reverend Thomas Malthus, devised catastrophic and much-criticized theories of ""overpopulation"", while John Stuart Mill foresaw the desirability of a ""stationary state"" economy, thus anticipating concerns of the modern discipline of ecological economics. In the

History of sustainability The history of sustainability traces human-dominated ecological systems from the earliest civilizations to the present. This history is characterized by the increased regional success of a particular society, followed by crises that were either resolved, producing sustainability, or not, leading to decline. In early human history, the use of fire and desire for specific foods may have altered the natural composition of plant and animal communities. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agrarian communities emerged which depended largely on their environment and the creation of a ""structure of permanence"". The Western industrial revolution of the 18th to

much greater population density. The development of agriculture in Mesopotamia required many labourers to build and maintain its irrigation system. This, in turn, led to political hierarchy, bureaucracy, and religious sanction, along with standing armies to protect the emergent civilization. Intensified agriculture allowed for population increase, but also led to deforestation in upstream areas with resultant flooding and over-irrigation, which raised soil salinity. While there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, yields still diminished. Eventually, decreasing agricultural production and other factors led to the decline of the civilization. From 2100 BC to 1700

indeed a year of energy conservation."" While the developed world was considering the problems of unchecked development the developing countries, faced with continued poverty and deprivation, regarded development as essential to raise the living standards of their peoples. In 1980 the International Union for Conservation of Nature had published its influential ""World Conservation Strategy,"" followed in 1982 by its ""World Charter for Nature,"" which drew attention to the decline of the world’s ecosystems. In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report ""Our Common Future"" suggested that development was acceptable, but it

that were now being enjoyed. In the late 20th century, environmental problems became global in scale. The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on non-renewable energy resources. In the 21st century, there is increasing global awareness of the threat posed by the human greenhouse effect, produced largely by forest clearing and the burning of fossil fuels. The philosophical and analytic framework of sustainability draws on and connects with many different disciplines and fields; in recent years an area that has come to be called sustainability science has emerged. Sustainability is

"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"
NFL on Thanksgiving Day Since its inception in 1920, the National Football League has played games on Thanksgiving Day, patterned upon the historic playing of college football games on and around the Thanksgiving holiday. Since 1978, the NFL's Thanksgiving Day games have traditionally included one game hosted by the Detroit Lions, and one game hosted by the Dallas Cowboys. Since 2006, with the advent of the NFL's then-new ""Thursday Night Football"" package, a third primetime game has also been played on Thanksgiving. Unlike the traditional afternoon games, this game has no fixed host and has featured different teams annually. The

Thanksgiving. Westwood One most recently held national radio broadcast rights to all three games, with Compass Media Networks sharing rights to the Cowboys contest. (Under league rules, only radio stations that carry at least 12 Cowboys games in a season are allowed to carry the Compass broadcast.) The participating teams also air the games on their local flagship stations and regional radio networks. The Cowboys Thanksgiving game has regularly been the most watched NFL regular season telecast each year, with the Lions Thanksgiving game usually in the top five. NFL on Thanksgiving Day Since its inception in 1920, the National

time since 1963. In 2015, the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white ""Double-Star"" jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league's ""Color Rush"", a trial run of specially-designed, monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games. It has remained a tradition for Dallas and Detroit to host the afternoon games dating back several decades. However, in recent years, other teams have expressed interest in hosting Thanksgiving games. Lamar Hunt, the former owner of the Chiefs (who had hosted Thanksgiving games from 1967–69 as an AFL team prior to the merger), lobbied heavily in favor of

(and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever. Since 1978, Thanksgiving games have been hosted in Detroit and Dallas every year, with Detroit in the early time slot and Dallas in the late afternoon slot. Because of TV network commitments in place through the 2013 season, to make sure that both the AFC-carrying network (NBC from 1965 to 1997, and CBS since 1998) and the NFC-carrying network (CBS from 1956 to 1993, and Fox since 1994) got at least one game each, one of these games was between NFC opponents, and one featured AFC-NFC opponents.

the time known as the ""Cardiac Cards"" due to their propensity for winning very close games, were a modest success at the time, they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys, who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era. This, combined with St. Louis's consistently weak attendance, a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three-game stretch, and opposition from the Kirkwood–Webster Groves Turkey Day Game (a local high school football contest) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978; it was then, after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games, that the Cowboys requested

concept of American football games being played on Thanksgiving Day dates back to 1876, shortly after the game had been invented, as it was a day that most people had off from work. In that year, the college football teams at Yale and Princeton began an annual tradition of playing each other on Thanksgiving Day. The University of Michigan also made it a tradition to play annual Thanksgiving games, holding 19 such games from 1885 to 1905. The Thanksgiving Day games between Michigan and the Chicago Maroons in the 1890s have been cited as ""The Beginning of Thanksgiving Day Football.""

later be absorbed into the NFL, also held Thanksgiving contests, although neither of those leagues had permanent hosts. Likewise, the AFL of 1926 also played two Thanksgiving games in its lone season of existence, while the AFL of 1936 hosted one in its first season, which featured the Cleveland Rams, a future NFL team, and the 1940–41 incarnation of the American Football League played two games in 1940 on the earlier ""Franksgiving"" date. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought

"American football on Thanksgiving"
Missouri in 1892. After new conference rules that required all games to be played on college campuses, the Thanksgiving Day tradition was temporarily suspended in 1911, but then reinstituted in spurts starting in 1916 and continuing through the 1940s. The University of Michigan made it a tradition to play annual Thanksgiving games, holding 19 such games from 1885 to 1905. The Thanksgiving Day games between Michigan and the Chicago Maroons in the 1890s have been erroneously cited as ""The Beginning of Thanksgiving Day Football."" Since the Maroons no longer play at the Division I level, the Wolverines now play their

"Cotton Bowl (stadium)"
Cotton Bowl (stadium) Cotton Bowl Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Dallas, Texas, United States, opening in 1930 at the site of the State Fair of Texas. Concerts or other events using a stage allow the playing field to be used for additional spectators. The Cotton Bowl was the longtime home of the annual college football post-season bowl game known as the Cotton Bowl Classic, for which the stadium is named. Starting on New Year's Day 1937, it hosted the first 73 editions of the game, through January 2009; the game was moved to AT&T Stadium in Arlington in January

wearing the navy ""Double-Star"" jersey not seen since 1995. In , the team wore uniforms not seen since . In 2009, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the AFL, both Dallas and Oakland played in a ""AFL Legacy Game."" In 2013, the Cowboys intended to wear their 1960s throwbacks, but chose not to do so after the NFL adopted a new policy requiring players and teams to utilize only one helmet a season to address the league's new concussion protocol; rather than sport an incomplete throwback look, the Cowboys instead wore their standard blue jerseys at home for the first

"H2O: Just Add Water"
were originally planned, but due to popular demand, a third series was filmed. Series one premiered in July 2006, followed by series two in September 2007. Series three first aired in the United Kingdom in October 2009, with the Australian premiere occurring in May 2010. Rikki Chadwick, Emma Gilbert, and Cleo Sertori are three teenage Australian girls who find themselves stranded on the mysterious Mako Island, where they end up in a pool under a dormant volcano just as a full moon passes overhead, bathing the pool in light. The girls are rescued and brought back to shore, where they

by singer Kate Alexa, was first released on 10 September 2007 in Australia on Liberation Records and has since been made available worldwide. Its lead track, ""No Ordinary Girl"", is the theme song for the show. ""No Ordinary Girl"" is performed by Ellie Henderson in series one, by Kate Alexa in series two and by Indiana Evans in series three. A second soundtrack, featuring music from series three, was first released on iTunes on 17 February 2011 and later worldwide in March 2011. It is also titled """" and was recorded by actress Indiana Evans. Several children's books have been

"Ahna O'Reilly"
2003 and attended the University of Southern California for one year before dropping out. She dated actor James Franco for a time before the two broke up in 2011. Ahna O'Reilly Ahna O'Reilly (born September 21, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her supporting role as Elizabeth Leefolt in the 2011 award-winning drama film ""The Help"". O'Reilly began her acting career in 2003 in the film, ""Bill the Intern"". She has appeared in several other movies like ""Dinocroc"", ""Nancy Drew"", ""Just Add Water"" and ""Forgetting Sarah Marshall"". She also acted in television series like """", ""Unhitched"",

"Patricia Routledge"
Patricia Routledge Dame Katherine Patricia Routledge, (; born 17 February 1929) is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Hyacinth Bucket in the BBC sitcom ""Keeping Up Appearances"" (1990–95), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance in 1992 and 1993. Her film appearances include ""To Sir, with Love"" (1967) and ""Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River"" (1968). Routledge made her professional stage debut at the Liverpool Playhouse in 1952 and her Broadway debut in ""How's the World Treating You"" in 1966. She won the 1968

Ahna O'Reilly Ahna O'Reilly (born September 21, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her supporting role as Elizabeth Leefolt in the 2011 award-winning drama film ""The Help"". O'Reilly began her acting career in 2003 in the film, ""Bill the Intern"". She has appeared in several other movies like ""Dinocroc"", ""Nancy Drew"", ""Just Add Water"" and ""Forgetting Sarah Marshall"". She also acted in television series like """", ""Unhitched"", ""The Vampire Diaries"" and ""Prime Suspect"". In 2011, she appeared in the movie ""The Help"" based on Kathryn Stockett's best-selling novel of the same name, a period piece set

H2O: Just Add Water HO: Just Add Water, also known as HO, is an Australian dramatic fantasy television series for children and teenagers created by Jonathan M. Shiff. It first screened on Australia's Network Ten and runs in syndication on channels in over 120 countries and has a worldwide audience of more than 250 million. It was filmed on location at Sea World and other locations on the Gold Coast. The show revolves around three teenage girls facing everyday teen problems with an added twist: they're mermaids with powers over water. Only two series with a total of 52 episodes

released by Nickelodeon UK: In July 2011, the production of a 26-episode spin-off was announced. The new series, """", follows the adventures of 15-year-old Zac and mermaids Sirena, Nixie, and Lyla. In the final series of the show, Cariba Heine makes a guest appearance as Rikki. In May 2015, an animated spin-off targeted to children premiered on Netflix, titled """". H2O: Just Add Water HO: Just Add Water, also known as HO, is an Australian dramatic fantasy television series for children and teenagers created by Jonathan M. Shiff. It first screened on Australia's Network Ten and runs in syndication on

"Frog Stone"
episode ""Flashmob"" for the CBBC show 4 O'Clock Club. Stone received praise for both her writing and acting in ""Bucket"" both in the UK and Australia. She received a Critics' Choice award for Best Actress in a Comedy (Television) in 2017. Past credits include the Paul Abbott shows ""No Offence"", ""Shameless"", ""Best of Both Worlds"", Ricky Gervais's ""Extras"" and ""Derek"", as well as playing Aunt Nino in the Wachowski movie ""Jupiter Ascending"", and Hadassah Bimko in the C4 drama ""The Relief of Belsen"". Frog Stone Frog Stone is a British writer and actor known for comedy and drama. She is

families. They soon adapt to their new abilities and lifestyles. Series two introduces Charlotte Watsford, a rival to Cleo, for dating Lewis shortly after Cleo had broken up with him. She gains mermaid powers and becomes the main antagonist of series two. She has all three of the mermaids' powers. In the end, Charlotte loses both her powers and Lewis. Series three sees the departure of Emma, who has left to travel the world with her parents. A new character, Bella Hartley, is introduced and it is discovered that she has been a mermaid since the age of nine. Rikki

"Zoe Cramond"
Zoe Cramond Zoe Cramond (born 8 October 1984) is a New Zealand actress. After graduating from Unitec Institute of Technology, Cramond appeared in various theatre productions and television commercials. She made appearances in ""Outrageous Fortune"" and ""Shortland Street"", before deciding to give up her acting career to study graphic design. She returned to acting after being cast in the television film ""Panic at Rock Island"" and ""Go Girls"". In 2011, Cramond joined the cast of comedy-drama ""Packed to the Rafters"" as Emma Mackey, marking her first major role. She relocated to Sydney for filming. Cramond competed in the 12th Season

"Academic dress in the United Kingdom"
the Cambridge full-shape is designated [f1], etc. Because the universities are free to design their own academicals using a wide range of available gown, hood and cap patterns, colours and materials at their and the robemaker's disposal, the academicals of two given universities rarely clash with each other. The Burgon Society was founded in 2000 to promote the study of academic dress. It has publications and activities to do with academic dress and published an updated version of Shaw's book on British and Irish academical dress in 2012, with a second volume covering non-degree awarding bodies published in 2014. The

"Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom"
buckle (leather and lined); flashes; Highland pistols and powder horn may be worn; gloves are not worn. For women (as for men) court dress originally meant the best and most opulent style of clothing, as worn in fashionable and royal society. A distinctive style can be seen in the dresses and accoutrements worn by courtly ladies in the Elizabethan period, and likewise in subsequent reigns. The Commonwealth put a stop to Court activity – and to opulent display in general; but with the Restoration, the opportunities afforded by attendance at the royal court was taken up all the more zealously

"Savile Row"
each suit is made to individually fit. The term ""bespoke"", which has an etymology developing from ""to exclaim"" through ""discussed in advance"" and is generally understood to mean ""made to order"", became associated with fine tailoring, with tailors claiming that the term has been in common use for tailoring since the 17th century. Savile Row tailors argue that ""bespoke"", in relation to tailoring, is understood to mean a suit cut and made by hand; however, after a ruling by the Advertising Standards Authority in 2008, the term may now also be applied to machine sewed garments, provided they are made-to-measure.

away from British cuts such as Canada of which University of Toronto has slowly introduced American gowns that close at the front. There is a distinction between different types of academic dress. Most recently, gowns, hoods and caps are categorised into their shape and patterns by what may be known as the Groves classification system, which is based on Nicholas Groves's document, ""Hood and Gown Patterns"". This lists the various styles or patterns of academic dress and assigns them a code or a Groves Classification Number. For example, the Cambridge BA style gown is designated [b2] and a hood in

Undergraduate gowns are seldom worn (even in institutions that prescribe them) nowadays except in the older universities. Most new universities do not prescribe them since academic dress has fallen out of daily use so students would hardly, if ever, wear them. In the past, undergraduates wore gowns according to their rank; for noblemen they wore coloured gowns with gold gimp lace, buttons and other decorations whilst fellow-commoners, gentleman-commoners, scholars, commoners, pensioners, sizars, battelers and servitors wore black gowns of decreasing flamboyance based on their standing in the universities. Another form of dress, now rarely seen, is the habit, which is

century. Two orders of dress are prescribed: full dress and levée dress. The full-dress uniform consists of a dark blue high-collar jacket with gold oak-leaf embroidery on the chest, cuffs and long tails; white breeches and stockings; and a cocked hat edged with ostrich feathers. Levée dress is less ornate: the jacket is comparatively plain (with embroidery on the cuffs, collar and pockets only), and is worn with dark blue gold-striped trousers instead of breeches. On occasions, trousers are worn with the full-dress jacket; this is sometimes referred to as 'half-dress'. Different grades (or 'classes') of uniform were stipulated for

style of dress worn by women at court. Courtly garments, then, can be seen reflecting something of the contemporary fashions of high society, from the expansive skirts and crinolines of the 1850-60s, through the posterior bustles of the 1870s & 80s, right through to the straight gowns of the 1920s. Some details of Court dress, though, were more or less invariable (and these set Court dress apart from more ordinary forms of evening or day wear in any given period). Moreover, from the late eighteenth century, what was worn at Court had been subject to a degree of regulation, and

a style which had its origin in fashionable eighteenth-century daywear. In addition, a short veil was worn, and/or lace lappets (first seen in the 1660s, and still being worn by some ladies in the 1930s). By the end of the nineteenth century, the main occasions at which Court dresses were worn were those at which debutantes were presented to the Queen. In the twentieth century (especially following the First World War), occasions for full Court dress diminished. It was still required wear for ladies attending the 1937 Coronation (albeit without trains and veils - and Peeresses were expected to wear

"British country clothing"
to blend into the natural environment; Prince Albert designed the Balmoral Tweed to resemble the granite mountains of Aberdeenshire for stalking. Original country styles include a Norfolk jacket and tweed breeks. Tweed suits, normally consisting of a jacket, waistcoat and trousers (or skirt) have been an icon of the English country gentleman and lady since the 1840s when Lady Catherine Dumore began to provide for the British aristocracy and landed gentry; it soon proved popular as it provided a practical but also smart-casual style. Today tweed suits remain popular, with some choosing the style for business as well as pleasure.

gold lace stripe down the seam. For drawing rooms matching breeches with white silk stockings, and a white neck-cloth was worn. In 1869, the Lord Chamberlain's Department issued new regulations for gentlemen at Court. The new style of suit was described, in which the cloth coat and breeches were replaced with silk velvet. This had been permitted before, but in place of the embroidered waistcoat was a waistcoat of plain white silk. A coat for levée dress had dark coloured cloth, single-breasted, with a stand collar, and trousers of the same material and colour as the coat, both decorated with

"Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)"
project was later expected to be completed by June 15, 2018, at a cost of $3.98 billion. However, the scheduled opening was later pushed back to mid-September. The new southbound/eastbound span was supposed to open to traffic on September 8, 2018. An opening ceremony was held on that date, but the traffic shift itself was delayed when a piece of the old bridge came loose on September 7 while being demolished. The opening of the eastbound span, which was away from the old bridge, was delayed until the old bridge could be stabilized. After the old bridge was stabilized, a

"Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)"
the old bridge. Construction began as scheduled during 2013, with completion projected for 2017. The northbound/westbound span opened on August 25, 2017. Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the old span until October 6, 2017, when it was temporarily shifted to the newer northbound/westbound span. The old bridge was subsequently decommissioned. The replacement bridge project was expected to be completed by June 15, 2018 at a cost of $3.98 billion. After some delays, it was announced that the new southbound/eastbound span would open to traffic on September 8, 2018. However, the opening of the new eastbound span was delayed when a piece

new opening date was set for September 11, 2018. Upon completion, the new Tappan Zee Bridge became one of the widest cable-stayed bridges in the world, having a combined width across both decks of . The new spans equal the width of the relatively short-span, cable-stayed Leonard Zakim Bridge in Boston. Turkey's 3rd Bosphorus bridge, completed in 2016, has a single deck about wide. The bridge is intended to last at least 100 years. West of the Tappan Zee, the 680,000 residents of Rockland and Orange counties currently have very limited mass transit to New York City via NJ Transit's

carries the southbound and eastbound automobile traffic of I-87 and I-287. Tappan Zee Constructors began construction in 2013. The north span officially opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017; it also opened to eastbound traffic on October 6, 2017. Tappan Zee Constructors then began demolishing the old bridge. An opening ceremony for the south span was held on September 8, 2018, and traffic started using the new span three days later. The official name of the bridge has been controversial since its announcement, with a petition and proposed legislation opposing the attachment of Mario Cuomo's name to the bridge.

no one was killed or critically injured. The project timeline originally indicated that the old bridge would be closed in 2016 and that the demolition of the old bridge would begin in February 2017. The new northbound/westbound span opened on August 26, 2017. Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the existing span until October 6, 2017, when it was shifted to the new northbound/westbound span to allow for the completion of the new southbound/eastbound span. The northbound/westbound span of the new Tappan Zee Bridge temporarily carried four lanes in both directions until the new southbound/eastbound span was completed. After some delays, the

new bridge. Six options were identified and submitted for project study and environmental review. The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating the Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual-span twin bridge. The new bridge was built a few yards to the north of the existing bridge, and connects to the existing highway approaches of the New York State Thruway (I-87/I-287) on both river banks. Construction began as scheduled during October 2013, with completion targeted for 2017. Originally, some motorists thought that bridge tolls could more than double (to $12-$15 for automobiles, eastbound only), rising to those

a design-build LLC composed of Fluor Corporation, American Bridge Company, Granite Construction Northeast and Traylor Bros. The Left Coast Lifter was used to install groups of pre-assembled girders one full span at a time. By the end of 2013, General Electric had completed four seasons of dredging to remove contaminants from the river bottom. Approximately 70 percent of the sediments targeted for dredging were removed (totaling more than of sediment). On July 19, 2016, a crane used for the construction of the bridge collapsed onto the existing older bridge. Five people were injured, including three drivers and two bridge workers;

cost about $151 million, about 3 percent of the bridge's projected cost. Responding to widespread concerns about the lack of new public transit service, bridge planners agreed only to build one ""dedicated express bus lane"" in each direction for use during rush hour. During construction, the project's website referred to the crossing as the ""New NY Bridge"". However, other sources referred to the crossing as the ""New Tappan Zee Bridge"". Governor Andrew Cuomo was successful in passing legislation to name the bridge after his father, former Governor Mario Cuomo, on June 29, 2017. This has been met with stiff criticism

Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line commuter rail services or Coach USA's Rockland Coaches bus services. The bridge plan includes as an objective merely, ""Providing a crossing that does not preclude future trans-Hudson transit services."" A proposed bus rapid transit system using the new bridge was shelved as too expensive. However, the bridge was structurally built for expansion with BRT and/or commuter rail at a later date. The existing Tarrytown station of the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line is located about from the new bridge's eastern landing. In 2011, the state estimated that a bus connector to the station would

Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017) The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge, commonly known as the Tappan Zee Bridge, was a cantilever bridge in the U.S. state of New York. It was built from 1952 to 1955 to cross the Hudson River at one of its widest points, north of Midtown Manhattan, from Grand View-on-Hudson to Tarrytown. As an integral conduit within the New York Metropolitan Area, the bridge connected South Nyack in Rockland County with Tarrytown in Westchester County in the Lower Hudson Valley. Opened on December 14, 1955, the bridge was one of the primary crossings of the Hudson

"Five Pillars of Islam"
Five Pillars of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam (' ; also ' ""pillars of the religion"") are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. The Shia, Ahmadiyya, and Sunni agree on the essential details for the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name (see Ancillaries of the Faith, for the Twelvers, and Seven pillars of Ismailism). They make up Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self-purification, and the pilgrimage,

differently from those listed above. They are: In addition to these five pillars, there are ten practices that Shia Muslims must perform, called the ""Ancillaries of the Faith"" (Arabic: furūʿ al-dīn). Isma'ilis have their own pillars, which are as follows: Five Pillars of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam (' ; also ' ""pillars of the religion"") are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. The Shia, Ahmadiyya, and Sunni agree on the essential details for the performance and practice of these

The believer should be self-aware and examine their intentions in performing the pilgrimage. This should lead to constant striving for self-improvement. A pilgrimage made at any time other than the Hajj season is called an ""Umrah"", and while not mandatory is strongly recommended. Also, they make a pilgrimage to the holy city of Jerusalem in their alms-giving feast. Twelver Shia Islam has five Usul al-Din and ten Furu al-Din, i.e., the Shia Islamic beliefs and practices. The Twelver Shia Islam Usul al-Din, equivalent to a Shia Five Pillars, are all beliefs considered foundational to Islam, and thus classified a bit

if one is able. ""Shahada"" is a declaration of faith and trust that professes that there is only one God ""(Allah)"" and that Muhammad is God's messenger. It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ""lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh"" () ""There is no god but God (and) Muhammad is the messenger of God."" It is essential to utter it to become a Muslim and to convert to Islam. ""Salah"" (""ṣalāh"") is the Islamic prayer. ""Salah"" consists of five daily prayers according to the Sunna; the names are according to the prayer times: ""Fajr"" (dawn), ""Dhuhr"" (noon), ""ʿAṣr"" (afternoon),

sura Al-Baqara), and ascetic fasting (from Al-Ahzab). Ritual fasting is an obligatory act during the month of Ramadan. Muslims must abstain from food and drink from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be especially mindful of other sins. Fasting is necessary for every Muslim that has reached puberty (unless he/she suffers from a medical condition which prevents him/her from doing so). The fast is meant to allow Muslims to seek nearness and to look for forgiveness from God, to express their gratitude to and dependence on him, atone for their past sins, and to remind them of

""Maghrib"" (evening), and ""ʿIshāʾ"" (night). The Fajr prayer is performed before sunrise, Dhuhr is performed in the midday after the sun has surpassed its highest point, Asr is the evening prayer before sunset, Maghrib is the evening prayer after sunset and Isha is the night prayer. All of these prayers are recited while facing in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and form an important aspect of the Muslim Ummah. Muslims must wash before prayer; this washing is called ""wudu"" (""purification""). The prayer is accompanied by a series of set positions including; bowing with hands on knees, standing, prostrating

Muslims who are able to do so. It is the personal responsibility of each Muslim to ease the economic hardship of others and to strive towards eliminating inequality. Zakāt consists of spending a portion of one's wealth for the benefit of the poor or needy, like debtors or travelers. A Muslim may also donate more as an act of voluntary charity (""sadaqah""), rather than to achieve additional divine reward. There are five principles that should be followed when giving the zakāt: Three types of fasting (""Siyam"") are recognized by the Quran: Ritual fasting, fasting as compensation for repentance (both from

and sitting in a special position (not on the heels, nor on the buttocks). A Muslim may perform their prayer anywhere, such as in offices, universities, and fields. However, the mosque is the more preferable place for prayers because the mosque allows for fellowship. ""Zakāt"" or alms-giving is the practice of charitable giving based on accumulated wealth. The word zakāt can be defined as purification and growth because it allows an individual to achieve balance and encourages new growth. The principle of knowing that all things belong to God is essential to purification and growth. Zakāt is obligatory for all

to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. After a Muslim makes the trip to Mecca, he/she is known as a hajj/hajja (one who made the pilgrimage to Mecca). The main rituals of the Hajj include walking seven times around the Kaaba termed ""Tawaf"", touching the Black Stone termed Istilam, traveling seven times between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah termed ""Sa'yee"", and symbolically stoning the Devil in Mina termed Ramee. The pilgrim, or the ""haji"", is honoured in the Muslim community. Islamic teachers say that the Hajj should be an expression of devotion to God, not a means to gain social standing.

Islam
be sent and with the help of Jesus, to battle the Antichrist. They will triumph, liberating Islam from cruelty, and this will be followed by a time of serenity with people living true to religious values. The concept of divine will is referred to as """", which literally derives from a root that means ""to measure"". Everything, good and bad, is believed to have been decreed. There are five basic religious acts in Islam, collectively known as 'The Pillars of Islam' (""arkan al-Islam""; also ""arkan ad-din"", ""pillars of religion""), which are considered obligatory for all believers. The Quran presents them

"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)"
stay, with the final episode's votes nominating who wins a series and become crowned as ""Jungle King/Queen"". The programme's first series debuted on 25 August 2002, and was produced by both LWT and Granada Television, and filmed within Tully, Queensland. Later series were undertaken by ITV Studios, and filmed around Murwillumbah, New South Wales. Celebrities participating on the programme receive a donation from ITV to a charity they nominate, with the money raised from charges on voting via text, phone or interactive services. Each series is hosted by Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly, with the exception of the eighteenth series,

Coming Out show on 7 December 2016. It began airing on 19 November 2017. 12 contestants, broadcast from 19 November – 10 December 2017: Ant & Dec confirmed at the end of the Coming Out show on 15 December 2017 that the show will return the following year (2018). It is the first series in its brand-new two-year contract. However, on 9 August 2018, Anthony McPartlin confirmed that he will not be presenting the eighteenth series as he continues to get treatment after being admitted to rehab in March. It began airing on 18 November 2018. On 29 August, ITV

"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 18)"
handed. Official ratings are taken from BARB, utilising the four-screen dashboard which includes viewers who watched the programme on laptops, smartphones, and tablets within 7 days of the original broadcast. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 18) ""I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!"" returned for its eighteenth series on 18 November 2018 on ITV, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show in December 2017. On 9 August 2018, Anthony McPartlin confirmed that he would not be presenting the then upcoming eighteenth series. On 29 August, it was confirmed that

"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)"
rates. On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts, which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018 and concluded 12 March 2018. A fifth season has been announced and will air from 13 January 2019. The show is set to be reduced from airing over a six week period to four weeks for the 2019 season. The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During

as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the ""Coming Out"" show on 10 December 2014. 13 contestants, broadcast from 15 November – 6 December 2015: The show returned in 2016, and is the second in a three-year contract, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show on 9 December 2015. It began airing on 13 November 2016. 12 contestants, broadcast from 13 November – 4 December 2016: The show returned in 2017, and is the third in a three-year contract, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the

the show its highest rating since the third series in 2004. The show finished on 9 December 2018 and was won by Harry Redknapp. The first teaser trailer was released on 27 October 2018. The line-up was confirmed on 12 November 2018. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates. Members from camp will take part in the challenge

the series aired on 21 October 2013. The line-up was confirmed on 13 November 2013. 12 contestants, broadcast from 17 November – 8 December 2013: The show returned for its fourteenth series on 16 November 2014. On 15 October 2014, a teaser for the upcoming series was released on the official website. On 11 November, the full list of celebrities was confirmed by ITV. On 20 November, a further two campmates were confirmed to have joined the show. 12 contestants, broadcast from 16 November – 7 December 2014: The show returned on 15 November 2015 under a new three-year contract,

I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 18) ""I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!"" returned for its eighteenth series on 18 November 2018 on ITV, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show in December 2017. On 9 August 2018, Anthony McPartlin confirmed that he would not be presenting the then upcoming eighteenth series. On 29 August, it was confirmed that Holly Willoughby would host the eighteenth series with Donnelly whilst McPartlin took a year long break from television. The series opener was watched by just over 14 million people, giving

confirmed that Holly Willoughby will replace McPartlin as co-presenter alongside Declan Donnelly. The lineup was confirmed on 12 November. Note for ""Average rating"": Since 2010 incl. HD viewers and since 2011 incl. ""ITV +1"" consumers. A companion show, I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp (previously I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! from 2002–2015) is broadcast on ITV2 following every episode. It has been shown since the first series in 2002 and has featured a variety of presenters. The show is currently presented by Scarlett Moffatt, Joel Dommett and Joe Swash. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV

at least 2019. In return for their appearance on ""I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!"", the celebrities are asked to nominate a charity to which the producers, ITV Studios, make donations. The celebrities themselves are also paid a fee to compensate them for possible loss of earnings while they are in the jungle. The producers of the show keep the precise details of the celebrities' contracts private, prompting much speculation from the media. The money is raised by allowing viewers to vote by phone, text message, or the ""red button"" (a colloquialism popular in the UK for TV interactive

"Laura Haddock"
Laura Haddock Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in ""Honest"", Lucrezia in ""Da Vinci's Demons"", Meredith Quill in ""Guardians of the Galaxy"" and its sequel ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"", Alison in ""The Inbetweeners Movie"" and Viviane Wembly in """". Born in Enfield, London and raised in Harpenden, Hertfordshire (where she attended St George's School), She left school at the age of 17 and moved to London to study drama. She trained at Arts Educational School in Chiswick. Haddock made her television debut in the television

"Jewel Staite"
Jewel Staite Jewel Belair Staite (born June 2, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Kaylee Frye in the Fox television series ""Firefly"" (2002–03) and its spin-off theatrical film ""Serenity"" (2005), and as Dr. Jennifer Keller on Sci-Fi Channel's science-fiction television series ""Stargate Atlantis"" (2007–09). Staite also starred in her youth as Catalina in ""Space Cases"" (1996) and as ""Becca"" Fisher in ""Flash Forward"" (1996–97), and more recently as Raquel Westbrook in the Canadian drama ""The L.A. Complex"" (2012) and Caroline Swift in AMC's crime drama ""The Killing"" (2013–14). Staite was born in White Rock,

appeared in the Cinemax/Sky TV drama """" for two episodes playing the kidnapped daughter of an illegal arms dealer. She starred as Lucrezia Donati, the mistress of Lorenzo de' Medici and lover of Leonardo da Vinci in the 2013 series ""Da Vinci's Demons"". Haddock's theatre credits include ""Famous Last"", which formed part of the 2009 Sky Arts Theatre Live! project, and ""Rutherford & Son"" at Northern Stage. In 2014, she portrayed Meredith Quill in ""Guardians of the Galaxy"", a role she reprised in its 2017 sequel ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"". She appears in the ITV series, ""The Level"",

"Indira Varma"
Indira Varma Indira Anne Varma (born 27 September 1973) is an English actress. Her film debut and first major role was in """". She has gone on to appear in the television series ""The Canterbury Tales"", ""Rome"", ""Luther"", ""Human Target"", and ""Game of Thrones"" (as Ellaria Sand). In September 2016, she began starring in the ITV/Netflix series ""Paranoid"", as DS Nina Suresh. Varma was born in Bath, Somerset, the only child of an Indian father and a Swiss mother who was of part Genoese Italian descent; She was a member of Musical Youth Theatre Company and graduated from the Royal

"Saycon Sengbloh"
Saycon Sengbloh Saycon Sengbloh (born October 23, 1977) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play and won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play and an Obie Award for Outstanding Performance for her role in Danai Gurira's play ""Eclipsed"" in 2016. Sengbloh was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She first began acting at Tri-Cities School for the Visual and Performing Arts. Sengbloh then attended Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, where she studied music and Spanish before leaving to pursue a career in acting

"Elizabeth Debicki"
""Macbeth"" and ""Everest"". Debicki plays the lead in an eight-hour television series, ""The Kettering Incident"", and a supporting role, Jed, in the miniseries ""The Night Manager"". She was then cast in the film ""The Tale."" In May 2017 she portrayed the role of Ayesha, the leader of the Sovereign people in the MCU movie ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"". She will return for its sequel, ""Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3"". Debicki also appeared in the film ""The Cloverfield Paradox"", released on Netflix in February 2018, as Mina Jensen. Elizabeth Debicki Elizabeth Debicki (born 24 August 1990) is an

cast, and revealing that Elizabeth Debicki and Chris Sullivan had also been cast, all in undisclosed roles. The production used all 18 stages at Pinewood Atlanta, an increase in stage space from what was used for the first film. Gunn said the sequel required more sets than the first and ""our sets are very large, even though a lot of the film is CGI. I like to have as many practical sets as we can and make the environments as real as possible so it balances out the CGI elements."" Despite this, Gunn noted that there were less locations featured

Shaw's ""Man and Superman"" at the National Theatre. Varma and her husband, fellow actor Colin Tierney, live with their daughter Evelyn in Hornsey, North London. Indira Varma Indira Anne Varma (born 27 September 1973) is an English actress. Her film debut and first major role was in """". She has gone on to appear in the television series ""The Canterbury Tales"", ""Rome"", ""Luther"", ""Human Target"", and ""Game of Thrones"" (as Ellaria Sand). In September 2016, she began starring in the ITV/Netflix series ""Paranoid"", as DS Nina Suresh. Varma was born in Bath, Somerset, the only child of an Indian father

"Governor of Texas"
states with no gubernatorial term limit. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years, but a 1972 amendment increased it again to four years. The gubernatorial election is held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and does not coincide with the presidential elections. The governor is sworn in on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the lieutenant governor, so Abbott and current Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick both took office on January 20, 2015. Despite the lack of term limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or

20th centuries ever served more than seven and a half consecutive years in office (Allan Shivers) or eight years total service (Bill Clements, in two non-consecutive four-year terms). Former Governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, has now surpassed both these records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive terms. When Perry won the general election on November 2, 2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel, and John Connally as the only Texas governors elected to three terms (the terms served by Governors Shivers, Daniel, and Connally were 2 year terms). In case of a vacancy in

"Politics of Houston"
four-year terms - a mayor is elected for a four-year term (previously the mayor, controller, and councilmembers are elected to a two-year term prior to the November 3, 2015 city elections), and can be elected to as many as two consecutive terms. City council members, who also have a three-term limit, are elected from eleven districts in the city, along with five at-large council members, who represent the entire city. Term limits with the City of Houston are absolute - past elected officeholders are prohibited from campaigning for their former council positions (which includes the Mayor and City Controller). The

serving four-year terms, are: the mayor, the city comptroller and 16 members of the city council. Under the strong mayor-council government, the mayor serves as the executive officer of the city. As the city's chief administrator and official representative, the mayor is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced. As the result of a 1991 referendum in Houston, the two-year term was amended to elected officials who can serve up to three terms until 2015 where the three term limit and two year terms were replaced with a two

that may be served, just a limit on successive terms. In New Orleans, City Council members are limited to two four-year terms. However, a council member representing one of the five council districts may run for one of the two at-large seats on the council once they reach the two-term limit, and vice versa. There is no limit on the number of terms a council member may serve in a lifetime. Since 1954, the mayor of New Orleans has been limited to two consecutive four-year elected terms, but he or she may be elected again after sitting out one four-year

same state. For example, Houston, Texas, has a limit of 2 four-year terms (prior to November 3, 2015, 3 two-year terms dating back to 1991), while San Antonio, Texas, has a limit of 4 two-year terms. Both Houston and San Antonio's term limits are absolute; elected officeholders are ineligible to run for the same position where seeking higher office is common. A two-term limit was imposed on New York City Council members and citywide elected officials (except for district attorneys) in New York City after a 1993 referendum (see the Charter of the City of New York, § 1138). On

"Bill Clements"
since Reconstruction. When Clements left office for good at the end of his second term in 1991, his eight total years in office were the most served by any Texas governor until Rick Perry surpassed his total in 2009. Clements was the first governor to be elected to multiple terms since Texas changed its constitution in 1972 to extend their governor's term of office to four years; since then, Perry and his predecessor, George W. Bush, also Republicans, have also won multiple terms. Clements was born in Dallas and worked as an oil driller for many years. He founded SEDCO

but no more than four years out of every six (essentially a limit of no more than two ""consecutive"" terms). The 1861 secessionist constitution set the term start date at the first Monday in the November following the election. The 1866 constitution, adopted just after the American Civil War, increased terms to 4 years, but no more than 8 years out of every 12, and moved the start date to the first Thursday after the organization of the legislature, or ""as soon thereafter as practicable"". The Reconstruction constitution of 1869 removed the limit on terms, Texas remains one of 14

feasibility of packet switched networks. By 1969 he had begun building the Mark I packet-switched network to meet the needs of the multidisciplinary laboratory and prove the technology under operational conditions. In 1976, 12 computers and 75 terminal devices were attached, and more were added until the network was replaced in 1986. NPL, followed by ARPANET, were the first two networks in the world to use packet switching, and were interconnected in the early 1970s. Robert Taylor was promoted to the head of the information processing office at Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in June 1966. He intended to

"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
Hallelujah I Love Her So ""Hallelujah I Love Her So"" is a single from American musician Ray Charles. The jazz and rhythm and blues song was written and released by Charles in 1956 on the Atlantic label, and in 1957 it was included on his self-titled debut LP, also released on Atlantic. The song peaked at number five on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart. It is loosely based on 'Get It Over Baby' by Ike Turner (1953). ""Hallelujah I Love Her So"" is a testament to the joyous release of love, featuring a sophisticated horn arrangement and memorable tenor sax solo

by Don Wilkerson. Several artists, including Stevie Wonder, Peggy Lee, Eddie Cochran, and Humble Pie have successfully covered the song. According to biographer Mark Lewisohn (in ""The Complete Beatles Chronicle"", p. 362), the Beatles (first as the Quarrymen) regularly performed the song, from at least 1960 through 1962 with Paul McCartney on lead vocal. A very early home recording rehearsal (dated tentatively to May 1960) of it was included on ""Anthology 1"" as well as on previous unauthorized releases. They continued playing it regularly including at The Star-Club in Hamburg through the end of 1962, an audience recording was made

there which is included in the album ""Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962"". Additionally according to author Doug Sulpy (in ""Drugs, Divorce And A Slipping Image"", sec. 22.25) on Jan. 22, 1969 during the massive ""Get Back"" sessions they cut a version with John Lennon doing a ""loose"" lead vocal of it, that version has never been officially released. Lastly, in December 1961 the two singer-musicians that were asked to join the Beatles, namely Tony Sheridan and Roy Young, did a studio version that was released on the Sheridan album ""My Bonnie"" (1962) although none of the Beatles

"Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)"
Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) ""Hallelujah"" is a song written by Canadian singer Leonard Cohen, originally released on his album ""Various Positions"" (1984). Achieving little initial success, the song found greater popular acclaim through a recording by John Cale, which inspired a recording by Jeff Buckley. It is considered as the ""baseline"" of secular hymns. Following its increased popularity after being featured in the film ""Shrek"" (2001), many other arrangements have been performed in recordings and in concert, with over 300 versions known. The song has been used in film and television soundtracks and televised talent contests. ""Hallelujah"" experienced renewed interest

participate. ""Hallelujah, I Love Her So"" is an adaption of the Ray Charles song by Eddie Cochran. It was released as a single on Liberty Records in November 1959. George Jones covered the song on his 1984 album ""Ladies' Choice"" as a duet with Brenda Lee titled ""Hallelujah, I Love You So"". It was released as a single in 1984 and peaked at number 15 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in 1985. Hallelujah I Love Her So ""Hallelujah I Love Her So"" is a single from American musician Ray Charles. The jazz and rhythm and blues song was

"Hallelujah! (Holly Johnson song)"
Hallelujah! (Holly Johnson song) ""Hallelujah"" is a promotional single from former Frankie Goes to Hollywood singer Holly Johnson, from his 1999 album ""Soulstream"". The single was released as two different 12"" vinyl releases, where the first was subtitled ""The First Cut Is the Deepest..."" and the second subtitled ""The Second Cut is the Neatest..."". Both releases featured the same artwork. Additionally, the song's title is sometimes written with an exclamation mark to read ""Hallelujah!"". It reached the top ten in the Record Mirror Club chart and top fifteen in their Pop Tip chart. The song was written by Holly Johnson

"Sing Hallelujah to the Lord"
Sing Hallelujah to the Lord Sing Hallelujah to the Lord is a 1974 contemporary Christian worship song composed by Linda Stassen-Benjamin (born. 1951) notable for its simplicity and popularity in many languages. The song was fully composed at a workshop at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, though the tune reportedly came to the songwriter while taking a shower, before she then took the tune to the composition group to work on harmonies. The song is in a minor key, which is unusual for a praise song. The song is themed as an Easter hymn for Resurrection Sunday, and the four stanzas

"Better Than a Hallelujah"
the Road"" on iTunes and other services. In early 2011, ""Better Than a Hallelujah"" received a Grammy nomination for Best Gospel Song for songwriters Sarah Hart and Chapin Hartford. However, it lost to ""It's What I Do,"" written by Jerry Peters and Kirk Whalum and recorded by Whalum and Lalah Hathaway. The song also received a nomination for a Dove Award for Short Form Music Video of the Year at the 42nd GMA Dove Awards. A music video was produced to promote the single. It shows the story of an old man who discovers an old letter from his girlfriend,

"Just Say I Love Her"
Just Say I Love Her ""Just Say I Love Her"" (""Just Say I Love Him"" when recorded by a female singer) is a popular song, adapted from the Neapolitan song ""Dicitencello vuje"". The original music was written by Neapolitan composer Rodolfo Falvo (Naples, 7 July 1873 – Naples, 4 December 1937) in 1930; arrangement in US by Jack Val and Jimmy Dale; the original Neapolitan lyrics by Enzo Fusco, and English lyrics by Martin Kalmanoff and Sam Ward. A recording by Johnny Desmond was made on January 20, 1950, and released by MGM (catalog number 10758). It reached #24 on

an absolute majority of states (currently 26 of 50). There have been two contingent presidential elections in the nation's history. A 73–73 electoral vote tie between Thomas Jefferson and fellow Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr in the election of 1800 necessitated the first. Conducted under the original procedure established by of the Constitution, which stipulates that if two or three persons received a majority vote and an equal vote, the House of Representatives would choose one of them for president; the runner up would become Vice President. On February 17, 1801, Jefferson was elected president on the 36th ballot, and Burr became

"Living presidents of the United States"
Living presidents of the United States This article shows the variation in the number of living presidents of the United States from the inauguration of the first president of the United States in 1789 until the present. The following table includes all persons who have taken the presidential oath of office. (Persons who served as Acting President of the United States or as President of the Continental Congress are not included.) Currently, in addition to the incumbent, Donald Trump, there are four living former presidents: Jimmy Carter (1977–1981), Bill Clinton (1993–2001), George W. Bush (2001–2009), and Barack Obama (2009–2017). Number

"Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps"
appeared for the first time on a U.S. postage stamp with the issue of 1866, released on April 14, 1866, the first anniversary of his death. Up until this time only the portrayals of Washington, Franklin, Jefferson and Jackson were found on U.S. postage. George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797, and before this, served as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. The Electoral College elected Washington unanimously in 1789, and again in the 1792 election;

before the Electoral College met. Greeley had already clearly lost the election and most of his votes inconsequentially scattered to other candidates. The closest instance of there being no qualified person to take the presidential oath of office on Inauguration Day happened in 1877, when the disputed election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden was decided and certified in Hayes’ favor just three days before the inauguration (then March 4). It might have been a possibility on several other occasions as well. In January 1853, President-elect Franklin Pierce survived a train accident that killed his 11-year-old son. Four

vice president. Afterward, the system was overhauled through the Twelfth Amendment in time to be used in the 1804 election. A quarter-century later, the choice for president again devolved to the House when no candidate won an absolute majority of electoral votes (131 of 261) in the election of 1824. Under the Twelfth Amendment, the House was required to choose a president from among the top three electoral vote recipients: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Crawford. Held February 9, 1825, this second and most recent contingent election resulted in John Quincy Adams being elected president on the

became tradition after Thomas Jefferson publicly embraced the principle a decade later during his second term, as did his two immediate successors, James Madison and James Monroe. In spite of the strong two-term tradition, Ulysses S. Grant sought a non-consecutive third term in 1880, as did Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 (though it would have been only his second full term). Both were unsuccessful. In 1940, after leading the nation through the Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt was elected to a third term, breaking the self-imposed precedent. Four years later, with the U.S. engaged in World War II, he was re-elected again

commemorative postage on a regular basis. Harrison appears on four regular issues and on two commemorative issues. William McKinley Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office of the President. He was the last American president to serve in the 19th century and was the first President to serve in the 20th century. He spent much of his adult life in politics and was a six-term congressman, and was also the governor of Ohio before defeating William

is no president-elect or vice president-elect, the amendment also gives the Congress the authority to declare an acting president until such time as there is a president or vice president. At this point the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 would apply, with the office of the Presidency going to the speaker of the House of Representatives, followed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and various Cabinet officers. Horace Greeley is the only presidential candidate to win pledged electors in the general election and then die before the presidential inauguration - he secured 66 votes in 1872 and succumbed

of presidents alive at each moment in United States history: Living presidents as of (""from oldest to youngest""): There have been four time periods with six living presidents, the incumbent and five former presidents: There have been six time periods when the incumbent president was the only living president, having no living predecessors: Notably, Richard Nixon is the only person to have been both the only living U.S. president (from January 1973 to August 1974) and one of six living presidents (from January 1993 to April 1994). There have been several gatherings of all the living presidents. Below are photographs

has appeared much less frequently on stamps than he did during the 19th and early 20th centuries. John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was the second President of the United States, serving from 1797 to 1801. Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) served from 1801 to 1809. Thomas Jefferson's likeness over the years has been finely depicted on the face of the various postage issues that honored him. The first issue to depict Jefferson was issued in 1856, (displayed above) nine years after the Post Office issued its first two stamps of Washington and

"2019 Cricket World Cup"
2019 Cricket World Cup The 2019 Cricket World Cup (officially ICC Cricket World Cup 2019) is the 12th edition of the Cricket World Cup, scheduled to be hosted by England and Wales, from 30 May to 14 July 2019. The hosting rights were awarded in April 2006, after England and Wales withdrew from the bidding to host the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, which was held in Australia and New Zealand. The first match will be played at The Oval while the final will be played at Lord's. It is the fifth time that the Cricket World Cup will be

day. 2019 Cricket World Cup The 2019 Cricket World Cup (officially ICC Cricket World Cup 2019) is the 12th edition of the Cricket World Cup, scheduled to be hosted by England and Wales, from 30 May to 14 July 2019. The hosting rights were awarded in April 2006, after England and Wales withdrew from the bidding to host the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, which was held in Australia and New Zealand. The first match will be played at The Oval while the final will be played at Lord's. It is the fifth time that the Cricket World Cup will

held in England and Wales, following the 1975, 1979, 1983 and 1999 World Cups. The format for the tournament will be a single group of ten teams, with each team playing the other nine teams, and the top four teams progressing to a knockout stage of semi-finals and a final. The ten team tournament has gained criticism due to the lack of Associate teams in the tournament. Given the increase of the Test playing nations from 10 to 12, with the admission of Ireland and Afghanistan in June 2017, it will be the first World Cup to be contested without

all of the Test playing nations being present, and after the elimination of all the Associate teams at the qualifying tournament, this will be also be the first World Cup to feature no Associate members. The 2019 World Cup will feature 10 teams, a decrease from previous World Cups in 2011 and 2015 which featured 14 teams. The hosts, England, and the top seven other teams in the ICC One Day International rankings as of 30 September 2017 earned automatic qualification, with the remaining two spots being decided by the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. At the time of the

single group. This means a total of 45 matches will be played, with each team playing a total of nine matches. The top four teams from the group will progress to the knockout stage. A similar format was previously used in the 1992 Cricket World Cup. The ICC released the fixture details on 26 April 2018. The knockout stage will see two semi-finals, with the winners of each progressing to the final at Lord's. On 25 April 2018, it was reported that Old Trafford and Edgbaston would host the two semi-finals, with all of the knockout games having a reserve

participating in the World Cup. The fixture list for the tournament was released on 26 April 2018 after the completion of an International Cricket Council (ICC) meeting in Kolkata. London Stadium had been named as a possible venue in the planning stages, and in January 2017 the ICC completed an inspection of the ground, confirming that the pitch dimensions would be compliant with the requirements to host ODI matches. However, when the fixtures were announced, London Stadium was not included as a venue. The group stage format is a round-robin, where all ten teams play each other once, in a

"2019 Rugby World Cup"
2019 Rugby World Cup The 2019 Rugby World Cup will be the ninth Rugby World Cup, and is to be held in Japan from 20 September to 2 November. This will be the first time the tournament is to be held in Asia, the first time consecutive tournaments have been staged in the same hemisphere, and also the first time that the event will take place outside the traditional heartland of the sport. Hong Kong and Singapore had expressed interest in hosting some of the matches and were included as part of the JRFU's successful original hosting bid to World

"2020 ICC T20 World Cup"
April 2016, ICC chief executive David Richardson said that he would push for at least two more teams to be added to the first and second rounds in future World Twenty20. In January 2018, the ICC announced that the following venues would be hosting matches: 2020 ICC T20 World Cup The 2020 ICC T20 World Cup is scheduled to be the seventh ICC T20 World Cup tournament, with matches to be held in Australia from 18 October to 15 November 2020. Cricket Australia is designated as the sole host board for the tournament. Although there was speculation that both Australia

again (starting from criteria 1) to decide second place in the Pool. Rankings as of 16 September 2019 will be entered when available. 2019 Rugby World Cup The 2019 Rugby World Cup will be the ninth Rugby World Cup, and is to be held in Japan from 20 September to 2 November. This will be the first time the tournament is to be held in Asia, the first time consecutive tournaments have been staged in the same hemisphere, and also the first time that the event will take place outside the traditional heartland of the sport. Hong Kong and Singapore

Rugby (known at the time of bidding as the International Rugby Board, or IRB) but were not amongst the fourteen locations announced by organisers Japan 2019 on 5 November 2014 that had formally bid for the right to host games. The opening match of the 2019 Rugby World Cup will take place at the Ajinomoto Stadium in Chōfu, Tokyo, and the final match will be held at the Nissan Stadium in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. These venue assignments were announced in September 2015 when plans for the tournament were revised by Japan's organizing committee and accepted by World Rugby. The National

"Florence Cathedral"
in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions: (from top to bottom) ""Choirs of Angels""; ""Christ, Mary and Saints""; ""Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes""; and at the bottom of the cupola: ""Capital Sins and Hell"". These frescoes are considered Zuccari's greatest work. But the quality of the work is uneven because of the input of different artists and the different techniques. Vasari had used ""true fresco"", while Zuccari had painted ""in secco"". During the restoration work, which ended in 1995, the entire pictorial cycle of ""The Last Judgment""

"Francesco Botticini"
then been confirmed to be Botticini's work by art historians. Botticini began working on the painting in early 1475, and completed it two years later in 1477. The piece was commissioned by the poet Matteo Palmieri and his wife Niccolosa de'Serragli. It hung in the church of S. Pier Maggiore in Florence, where Palmieri was buried, although records indicate this was not the original destination for the work. The painting can now be found in the National Gallery, London. The painting has almost the same dimensions of ""the Last Judgment"" by Hans Memling. The subject of the painting was greatly

Andrea Pozzo Andrea Pozzo (; Latinized version: ""Andreas Puteus""; 30 November 1642 – 31 August 1709) was an Italian Jesuit brother, Baroque painter and architect, decorator, stage designer, and art theoretician. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose frescoes using the illusionistic technique called quadratura, in which architecture and fancy are intermixed. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome. Through his techniques, he became one of the most noteworthy figures of the Baroque period. He is also noted for the architectural plans of Ljubljana Cathedral (1700), inspired by the designs of the Jesuit churches

the drum and through the lantern. Brunelleschi had proposed the vault to glimmer with resplendent gold, but his death in 1446 put an end to this project, and the walls of the dome were whitewashed. Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici decided to have the dome painted with a representation of ""The Last Judgment"". This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing ""The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4"" was finished by Vasari before his death

"Fra Angelico"
at the monastery, the other six small panels are in German and US museums. These two panels were presumed lost forever. The Italian Government had hoped to purchase them but they were outbid at auction on 20 April 2007 by a private collector for £1.7M. Both panels are now restored and exhibited in the San Marco Museum in Florence. Fra Angelico Fra Angelico (born Guido di Pietro; February 18, 1455) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Vasari in his ""Lives of the Artists"" as having ""a rare and perfect talent"". He was known to contemporaries as

"Great Is Thy Faithfulness"
Thy great faithfulness, mercy, and love. Pardon for sin and a peace that endureth,<br> Thine own dear presence to cheer and to guide;<br> Strength for today, and bright hope for tomorrow<br> Blessings all mine, with ten thousand beside. Great Is Thy Faithfulness Great Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm (1866–1960) with music composed by William M. Runyan (1870–1957) in Baldwin City, Kansas, U.S. The phrase ""great is thy faithfulness"" comes from the Old Testament Book of Lamentations 3:23. These exact words occur in both the King James Bible and the Revised Standard Version. Thomas

Great Is Thy Faithfulness Great Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm (1866–1960) with music composed by William M. Runyan (1870–1957) in Baldwin City, Kansas, U.S. The phrase ""great is thy faithfulness"" comes from the Old Testament Book of Lamentations 3:23. These exact words occur in both the King James Bible and the Revised Standard Version. Thomas O. Chisholm wrote the poem in 1923 about God's faithfulness over his lifetime. Chisholm sent the song to William Runyan in Kansas, who was affiliated with both the Moody Bible Institute and Hope Publishing Company. Runyan set the

"Thomas Chisholm (songwriter)"
New Jersey. Chisholm wrote over 1,200 sacred poems over his lifetime, which appeared in many Christian periodicals, and he served as an editor of the ""Pentecostal Herald"" in Louisville for a period. In 1923 at age fifty-seven, Chisholm wrote the popular song ""Great is Thy Faithfulness"" which he submitted to William M. Runyan who was affiliated with the Moody Bible Institute and Runyan set the song to music. Towards the end of his life, Chisholm retired to the Methodist Home for the Aged in Ocean Grove, New Jersey and died in 1960. Thomas Chisholm (songwriter) Thomas Obadiah Chisholm (pronounced ;

"William M. Runyan"
royalties from his song ""Great is Thy Faithfulness."" William M. Runyan William M. Runyan (1870-1957) was an Christian composer from the United States who wrote the music to the well-known hymn ""Great Is Thy Faithfulness"". In 1870, William Marion Runyan was born in Marion, New York to a Methodist minister Rev. William White Runyan (born 1828) and his wife Hannah (Orcutt) Runyan (born 1839). At age fourteen, Runyan and his family moved to Marion, Kansas. As a youth, Runyan served as a church organist and graduated from Marion High School in Kansas. Runyan was ordained as a Methodist minister at

William M. Runyan William M. Runyan (1870-1957) was an Christian composer from the United States who wrote the music to the well-known hymn ""Great Is Thy Faithfulness"". In 1870, William Marion Runyan was born in Marion, New York to a Methodist minister Rev. William White Runyan (born 1828) and his wife Hannah (Orcutt) Runyan (born 1839). At age fourteen, Runyan and his family moved to Marion, Kansas. As a youth, Runyan served as a church organist and graduated from Marion High School in Kansas. Runyan was ordained as a Methodist minister at age twenty-one and then pastored various congregations in

poem to music, and it was published that same year by Hope Publishing Company and became popular among church groups. The Biblical lyrics reference Lamentations 3:22-23. The song was exposed to wide audiences after becoming popular with Dr. William Henry Houghton of the Moody Bible Institute and Billy Graham, who used the song frequently on his international crusades. Since the middle 20th century, this hymn has been the university hymn of Cairn University which was formerly Philadelphia Biblical University and prior to that Philadelphia College of Bible, founded in 1913. On Monday, November 16, 2015, Jordan Smith covered the Selah

while closer to the original, uses a more archaic language."" However, according to Glen V. Wiberg: British Methodist missionary Stuart Wesley Keene Hine (born 25 July 1899 in Hammersmith Grove, London, England; died 14 March 1989) was dedicated to Jesus Christ in the Salvation Army by his parents. Hine was led to Christ by Madame Annie Ryall on 22 February 1914, and was baptised shortly thereafter. Hine was influenced greatly by the teachings of British Baptist evangelist Charles Spurgeon. Hine first heard the Russian translation of the German version of the song while on an evangelistic mission to the Carpathian

"Julia H. Johnston"
In addition to authoring over 500 hymns, Johnston worked as a Sunday school superintendent and teacher for over forty years and served as president of the Presbyterian Missionary Society. Johnston wrote the lyrics to Grace Greater Than All Our Sin and Daniel B. Towner (1850-1919) wrote the music. In 1911 the song was published the lyrics in ""Hymns Tried and True"". The song describes the Christian idea of grace and justification by faith articulated in Paul's Letter to the Romans in Verses 5:1-2 and 14-16. In 1919 she died and was buried in Peoria, Illinois. Julia H. Johnston Julia H.

"Annie Hawks"
Annie Hawks Annie Hawks (May 28, 1836 - January 3, 1918) was an American poet and gospel hymnist who wrote a number of hymns with her pastor, Robert Lowry. She contributed to several popular Sunday school hymnbooks, and wrote the lyrics to a number of well-known hymns including: ""I Need Thee Every Hour""; ""Thine, Most Gracious Lord""; ""Why Weepest Thou? Who Seekest Thou?""; ""Full and Free Salvation"" and ""My Soul Is Anchored"". Annie Sherwood was born on May 28, 1836, in Hoosick, New York. Her ancestry on her father's side was English, and on her mother's side, remotely, Holland Dutch.

"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie"
Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. ""Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie"" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently became beautiful. If dealing with school activities and growing up isn't stressful enough, Scott's mother has announced that she's going to have a baby. In an attempt

""most readers will find plenty of amusing, accurate observations about freshman life, from the insecurities of first dates to the dangers of walking the hall between classes"". Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. ""Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie"" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently

to make all of this more manageable, Scott tries to write down tips for getting through daily life and high school for his unborn sibling. The novel follows Scott's journey as he learns what to do and what not to do in high school as well as balancing activities, homework, friendships, and relationships with girls. ""Sophomores and Other Oxymorons"" is a sequel to the book and was released on August 18, 2015. Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from

starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek. Scott Hudson: Scott is the main protagonist and narrator. A young boy who starts off in the novel transitioning from middle school to high school. At the start he struggles to keep up with the level of homework, dealing with upperclassmen, and maintaining a relationship with his friends. On top of all that, he also finds himself crushing on a girl who he previously didn't notice. Scott is very well-read and smart. He starts off in high school being

comes to school in October. She sports bright green short chopped hair, lots of piercings, some of which are actually safety pins, and wears all black. Her and Scott start to get along after bonding about poetry and literature talked about in their honors English class. She is misunderstood by everyone in school and is often bullied for her appearance. Scott protects her when there is a threat posted on her locker and each time after in the book. She proves to be the best friend Scott has because of their similar interests. Wesley Cobble: A senior who is feared

middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he is not in classes with his friends since he is carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently

to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as ""Smelly"" or ""Blob of unformed goo"". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was rarely present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia.

Soon, Julia's boyfriend Vernon beats up Scott after finding out from Kyle (who lost a fight with Scott) that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend. Scott realizes that what a person says and does can affect the life of another after Mouth attempts to commit suicide. Later, he learns that not everything is what it seems once he finds out that his older brother, Bobby, who is struggling to find a job, can barely read. Scott's mother eventually gives birth to a new baby boy, whom they name Sean. Meanwhile, Bobby finds a job through guitar-playing and Julia eventually

wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president, meaning Julia who happened to have the second most votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who

There are several brothers in the book as well as bonds that are like brothers.There is the weak bond between Scott and his older brother Bobby; the hate bond that Scott has with his soon-to-be baby brother or sister; the bond between Scott and his childhood friends that slowly diminishes; the new bond between Scott and Wesley; and the faint bond between Scott and his AP English teacher. Growing Up: An obvious theme for a book about going from middle school to high school. Scott deals with fitting in, dealing with stress, a new baby on the way to be

"Separation of church and state in the United States"
Separation of church and state in the United States ""Separation of church and state"" is paraphrased from Thomas Jefferson and used by others in expressing an understanding of the intent and function of the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution which reads: """"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..."""" The phrase ""separation between church & state"" is generally traced to a by Thomas Jefferson, addressed to the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper. Jefferson wrote, Some argue

"Separation of church and state"
of the phrase, ""wall of separation between church and state"", as written in Thomas Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptist Association in 1802. In that letter, referencing the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Jefferson writes: Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should 'make no law respecting

that Jefferson echoes the language of the founder of the first Baptist church in America, Roger Williams who, in 1644, wrote of However, when considered in context, the relationship appears questionable. Article Six of the United States Constitution also specifies that ""no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States."" Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In ""Reynolds v. United States"" (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments ""may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope

was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut): Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his god, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which

declared that their ""legislature"" should ""make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,"" thus building a ""wall of separation"" between church and State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties. Jefferson's letter was in reply to a letter from the Danbury Baptist Association dated October 7, 1801. In an 1808

U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, ""The word 'religion' is not defined in the Constitution. We must go elsewhere, therefore, to ascertain its meaning, and nowhere more appropriately, we think, than to the history of the times in the midst of which the provision was adopted."" The court found that the leaders in advocating and formulating the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty were James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Quoting the ""separation"" paragraph from Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, the court

as England; Puritan Massachusetts, for example, did not allow standard Church of England worship. Some of these people voluntarily sailed to the American Colonies specifically for this purpose. After the American Colonies famously revolted against George III of the United Kingdom, the Constitution of United States was specifically amended to ban the establishment of religion by Congress. The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke argued that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was

Alexis de Tocqueville, another French observer tended to make the same distinction, ""In the U.S., from the beginning, politics and religion were in accord, and they have not ceased to be so since."" Separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church–state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. In a

Separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church–state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. In a society, the degree of political separation between the church and the civil state is determined by the legal structures and prevalent legal views that define the proper relationship between organized religion and the

submitted by President Adams and unanimously ratified by the Senate. In the 1892 case ""Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States"", Supreme Court Justice David Brewer wrote for a unanimous Court that ""no purpose of action against religion can be imputed to any legislation, state or national, because this is a religious people. ... [T]his is a Christian nation."" Legal historian Paul Finkelman writes that: The phrase ""separation of church and state"" is derived from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 to Baptists from Danbury, Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper soon thereafter. In that

"Jesse Williams (actor)"
Jesse Williams (actor) Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, producer and activist, best known for his role as Jackson Avery on the ABC series ""Grey's Anatomy"". He has also appeared in the films ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2"" (2008), ""Brooklyn's Finest"" (2009), ""The Cabin in the Woods"" (2012) and as James Lawson in ""The Butler"" (2013). He provided voice acting and motion capture for the character Markus in the video game """" (2018). Williams was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Johanna Chase, a professional potter, and Reginald Williams. Of mixed race, Williams

PlayStation 4 exclusive game """", which was released on May 25, 2018. In September 2012, Williams married longtime girlfriend Aryn Drake-Lee. They have two children, Sadie and Maceo. In April 2017, it was reported that Williams had filed for divorce. He then was in a relationship with actress Minka Kelly; they broke up in January 2018. In May 2018, he was spotted dating sports reporter Taylor Rooks. Jesse Williams (actor) Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, producer and activist, best known for his role as Jackson Avery on the ABC series ""Grey's Anatomy"". He

"Jonathan Jackson (actor)"
Jonathan Jackson (actor) Jonathan Stevens Jackson (born May 11, 1982) is an American actor, musician (see Enation) and author. His first well known character was Lucky Spencer on the ABC Daytime soap opera ""General Hospital"", a role that has won him five Emmy Awards. In 2002, he played Jesse Tuck in the film ""Tuck Everlasting"". In 2004 he started the band Enation with his brother, actor and drummer Richard Lee Jackson and friend Daniel Sweatt. From 2012–2018, he portrayed Avery Barkley in the ABC/CMT musical drama series, ""Nashville"". Jackson was born in Orlando, Florida, the son of Jeanine (née Sharp),

"Ingo Rademacher"
on the board of Heal the Bay, a Santa Monica-based environmental organization. Ingo Rademacher Ingo Rademacher (born 22 April 1971) is a West German-born, Australian television actor, perhaps best known for his role of Jasper ""Jax"" Jacks on the American daytime soap opera ""General Hospital"", which he has played almost continuously since the role's inception in 1996. In 2012, he played Officer Sacks in the film ""Alex Cross"". Rademacher placed 5th on the 16th season of ""Dancing with the Stars."" Rademacher was born in Iserlohn, West Germany, the son of Roswitha and Arndt Rademacher. He has a sister named Anne.

"Josh Randall"
at the school and the gym was where Randall played basketball. During his senior year, Randall was co-Editor-in-Chief of the school newspaper, ""The Galleon"". His mother, Sharon, is a syndicated columnist. Randall married Claire Rankin on September 10, 2000, but divorced in 2013. In 2017, Randall became engaged to British actress Kacey Clarke. Josh Randall Joshua Reeve Randall (born January 27, 1972) is an American television actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Mike Burton in the NBC sitcom ""Ed"" and the recurring guest role of Jake in ""Scrubs"" in 2005. He has had a recurring role

October 15, 2009, Williams began appearing as surgical resident Jackson Avery, in the ABC television series ""Grey's Anatomy"". On June 8, 2010, it was announced Williams would be a series regular, starting in season 7. BuddyTV ranked him No. 6 on its ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2010"" list and No. 11 in 2011. Williams appeared in revival joint-productions of ""The American Dream"" (1961) and ""The Sandbox"" (1959) at Cherry Lane Theatre in Greenwich Village in New York City. This production was directed by their playwright Edward Albee. Williams has also served as a guest director for student productions at

"Jackson Avery"
in Zap2it's 25 Top Bromances of 2012. Reviewing the first part of the ninth season, Lyons said: ""Avery's mom is more interesting than he is."" He was listed in Wetpaint's ""10 Hottest Male Doctors on TV"". Jackson Avery Jackson Avery, M.D. is a fictional character in the ABC prime time medical drama, ""Grey's Anatomy"", portrayed by actor Jesse Williams. The character was created by series creator and executive producer, Shonda Rhimes. He was introduced in season six episode ""Invasion"" as a surgical resident formerly from Mercy West Medical Center when it merges with Seattle Grace Hospital. Williams initially appeared as

"Steve Monroe"
Steve Monroe Steven ""Steve"" Monroe (born October 30, 1972) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and practicing psychotherapist. He has a number of television credits to his name, including guest roles on such series as ""7th Heaven"", """", ""Criminal Minds"", ""Charmed"", ""Monk"", ""Grey's Anatomy"", ""JAG"", ""NYPD Blue"", ""Veronica Mars"", ""Zoey 101"", ""iCarly"", ""Supah Ninjas"" ""Wizards of Waverly Place"" and ""The Suite Life on Deck"". He had a recurring role on ""Sister, Sister"" as Steve. His most recent role is as Scott Proctor on the CW series ""Crazy Ex-Girlfriend"". Monroe has appeared in a number of notable films including ""8 Mile"",

Ingo Rademacher Ingo Rademacher (born 22 April 1971) is a West German-born, Australian television actor, perhaps best known for his role of Jasper ""Jax"" Jacks on the American daytime soap opera ""General Hospital"", which he has played almost continuously since the role's inception in 1996. In 2012, he played Officer Sacks in the film ""Alex Cross"". Rademacher placed 5th on the 16th season of ""Dancing with the Stars."" Rademacher was born in Iserlohn, West Germany, the son of Roswitha and Arndt Rademacher. He has a sister named Anne. His parents moved the family to Australia when Ingo was 10. He

Damon, Ben Affleck, John Krasinski, Emily Blunt, Daveed Diggs, Tom McCarthy, Keegan-Michael Key, Margo Martindale and Harvey Weinstein at the NYU Skirball theater in New York City. In November 2016, Shalansky landed a recurring Guest Star role on the Emmy winning ABC hit, Grey's Anatomy. He currently lives in the New York area with his wife Cassandra and daughter, Lyla Emerson Shalansky. Dave Shalansky Dave Shalansky (October 28, 1973) is an American actor born and raised in Rhode Island. Shalansky received a BFA in Acting from Boston University. After moving to New York City immediately following graduation, he became successful

"America's Got Talent (season 13)"
This marks the second magician to win. Acrobatic group Zurcaroh and violinist Brian King Joseph came in second and third place respectively. The season had preliminary open call auditions in Orlando, Cincinnati, Savannah, Milwaukee, Houston, Las Vegas, New York City, Nashville, and Los Angeles. As in years past, prospective contestants could also submit online auditions. Auditions were taped from March 6-23 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles and began to air on May 29, 2018. The golden buzzer returned for its fifth consecutive season. Any act that receives the golden buzzer during the judges' auditions will be sent

on Tuesday, July 17, 2018. Like the previous season, one guest judge will join the judges' panel each show and will be given one golden buzzer opportunity to send an act straight to the live shows. Eighteen acts perform each week instead of twenty as in the previous three seasons. Of the eighteen acts performing each week seven acts advance including the guest judge's golden buzzer which immediately advances if used. Guest judges will not be given a red buzzer to use. Any act that will receive all four red buzzers will be immediately eliminated from the competition. The four

was brought to Netflix on May 31. In Singapore, the show was broadcast on MediaCorp Channel 5 every Thursday starting May 31, 2018. America's Got Talent (season 13) Season thirteen of the reality competition series ""America's Got Talent"" premiered on May 29, 2018, on NBC. Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Simon Cowell returned as judges for their respective ninth, sixth, sixth, and third seasons. Meanwhile, Tyra Banks returned for her second season as host. The live shows returned to the Dolby Theatre, beginning August 14, 2018. ""AGT"" is co-produced by FremantleMedia North America and Syco Entertainment, Cowell's company.

had preliminary open call auditions in Chicago, Austin, Cleveland, Jacksonville, Philadelphia, Las Vegas, San Diego, New York City, Charleston, Memphis, and Los Angeles. As in years past, prospective contestants could also submit online auditions. Judges' auditions were taped in March at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles. The premiere aired May 30, 2017. The Golden Buzzer returned for its fourth consecutive season. Any act that received a golden buzzer during the preliminary auditions was sent directly to the live shows and did not compete in the Judge Cuts round. In the first episode of preliminary auditions, Mel B pressed

his Showtime comedy special ""Stand Up, Don't Shoot"". NBC selected Tyra Banks as the new host for season 12, which premiered on Tuesday, May 30, 2017. On September 20, Darci Lynne Farmer won the twelfth season, becoming the third ventriloquist, third child act and the third female act to win the competition (second year in a row after VanderWaal's win in 2016). Child singer Angelica Hale was announced as the runner-up, and Ukrainian dance act Light Balance finished in third place. Deaf musician Mandy Harvey and dog act Sara & Hero rounded out the top five. On February 21, 2018,

from Cowell and Lord Nil received one from Mel B. In the second week of the Quarterfinals, Yumbo Dump received a buzzer from Klum. Guest: Darci Lynne Farmer Guests: The Illusionists and Light Balance Guest: The live semifinals started on September 4, 2018. They featured the 21 acts voted to the semifinals, plus the judges' semifinal wildcard pick. Each week, eleven acts performed; five went through to the finals, and six were eliminated. Guest: BTS and A Magical Cirque Christmas The final performances took on September 18, followed by the final results show aired on September 19, 2018. No acts

America's Got Talent (season 13) Season thirteen of the reality competition series ""America's Got Talent"" premiered on May 29, 2018, on NBC. Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Simon Cowell returned as judges for their respective ninth, sixth, sixth, and third seasons. Meanwhile, Tyra Banks returned for her second season as host. The live shows returned to the Dolby Theatre, beginning August 14, 2018. ""AGT"" is co-produced by FremantleMedia North America and Syco Entertainment, Cowell's company. Dunkin Donuts is a sponsor for a fourth consecutive season. Shin Lim was named the winner on the season finale, September 19, 2018.

broadcast live from the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles starting on August 14, 2018 with twelve acts performing each night. The following night the results will be announced to the public with seven of the twelve acts proceeding to the semifinals. Each week viewers of the show also have the opportunity to send one act, determined by popular vote, using ""Google's Instant Save"", sometimes also known as the ""Dunkin' Save"" due to a sponsorship contract with Dunkin Donuts, via the ""America's Got Talent"" app or the official website. In the first week of the Quarterfinals, Human Fountains received a buzzer

were buzzed. During the finale results, the top 5 acts were revealed first; then they were eliminated in reverse ranking from fifth place to third place. Guest performers in the finale included Kiss, Bebe Rexha, The Struts, Plácido Domingo, and Lindsey Stirling. Other celebrity appearances included David Spade, Matt Iseman and Akbar Gbaja-Biamila. The following chart describes the acts, appearances and segments presented during the finale. This season is being aired in Asia within 48 hours of being broadcast in the US. It airs on AXN starting May 31, 2018 (). In the United Kingdom and Ireland the first episode

it was announced that judges Simon Cowell, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel along with Tyra Banks would all be returning. The season premiered on May 29, 2018. No major changes were involved in this season, as it followed the same format for the last three seasons. However, one minor change was implemented in which the Judge Cuts shortlist was reduced from a top 80 into a top 72. Therefore, 18 acts would perform each week, while only seven would still advance during each show. Magician Shin Lim was named the winner on the season finale, September 19, 2018.

"Life extension"
macromolecules, cells, tissues, and organs. Specifically, aging is characterized as and thought to be caused by ""genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication."" Oxidation damage to cellular contents caused by free radicals is believed to contribute to aging as well. The longest a human has ever been proven to live is 122 years, the case of Jeanne Calment who was born in 1875 and died in 1997, whereas the maximum lifespan of a wildtype mouse, commonly used as a model in research on aging,

"Maximum life span"
than any experienced in the last five centuries if maximum lifespan remains unlimited by law. Modern Malthusian predictions of overpopulation based on increased longevity have been criticized on the same basis as general Population Alarmism (see Malthusianism). Small animals such as birds and squirrels rarely live to their maximum life span, usually dying of accidents, disease or predation. The maximum life span of most species is documented in the Anage repository. Maximum life span is usually longer for species that are larger or have effective defenses against predation, such as bird flight, chemical defenses or living in social groups. The

Longevity
years. Michio Kaku argues that genetic engineering, nanotechnology and future breakthroughs will accelerate the rate of life expectancy increase indefinitely. Already genetic engineering has allowed the life expectancy of certain primates to be doubled, and for human skin cells in labs to divide and live indefinitely without becoming cancerous. However, since 1840, record life expectancy has risen linearly for men and women, albeit more slowly for men. For women the increase has been almost three months per year, for men almost 2.7 months per year. In light of steady increase, without any sign of limitation, the suggestion that life expectancy

Maximum life span Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive between birth and death, provided circumstances that are optimal to that member's longevity. Most living species have at least one upper limit on the number of times the cells of a member can divide. This is called the Hayflick

differences in life span between species demonstrate the role of genetics in determining maximum life span (""rate of aging""). The records (in years) are these: The longest-lived vertebrates have been variously described as Invertebrate species which continue to grow as long as they live (""e.g.,"" certain clams, some coral species) can on occasion live hundreds of years: Plants are referred to as annuals which live only one year, biennials which live two years, and perennials which live longer than that. The longest-lived perennials, woody-stemmed plants such as trees and bushes, often live for hundreds and even thousands of years (one

algae and fungal proto-plant, such as ""Rhizocarpon geographicum"" can live upwards of 10,000 years. ""Maximum life span"" here means the mean life span of the most long-lived 10% of a given cohort. Caloric restriction has not yet been shown to break mammalian world records for longevity. Rats, mice, and hamsters experience maximum life-span extension from a diet that contains all of the nutrients but only 40–60% of the calories that the animals consume when they can eat as much as they want. Mean life span is increased 65% and maximum life span is increased 50%, when caloric restriction is begun

limit, although number of cell divisions does not strictly control lifespan. In animal studies, maximum span is often taken to be the mean life span of the most long-lived 10% of a given cohort. By another definition, however, maximum life span corresponds to the age at which the oldest known member of a species or experimental group has died. Calculation of the maximum life span in the latter sense depends upon initial sample size. ""Maximum life span"" contrasts with ""mean life span (average life span"", ""life expectancy)"", and ""longevity"". Mean life span varies with susceptibility to disease, accident, suicide and

"Life expectancy"
death, only 6 yielded greater female than male age-adjusted death rates in 1998 in the United States. With the exception of birds, for almost all of the animal species studied, males have higher mortality than females. Evidence suggests that the sex mortality differential in people is due to both biological/genetic and environmental/behavioral risk and protective factors. There is a recent suggestion that mitochondrial mutations that shorten lifespan continue to be expressed in males (but less so in females) because mitochondria are inherited only through the mother. By contrast, natural selection weeds out mitochondria that reduce female survival; therefore such mitochondria

(PARPs). PARPs are enzymes that are activated by DNA strand breaks and play a role in DNA base excision repair. Burkle et al. reviewed evidence that PARPs, and especially PARP-1, are involved in maintaining mammalian longevity. The life span of 13 mammalian species correlated with poly(ADP ribosyl)ation capability measured in mononuclear cells. Furthermore, lymphoblastoid cell lines from peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans over age 100 had a significantly higher poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation capability than control cell lines from younger individuals. Maximum life span Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of

rates among those over 80 years have decreased by about 1.5% per year. ""The progress being made in lengthening lifespans and postponing senescence is entirely due to medical and public-health efforts, rising standards of living, better education, healthier nutrition and more salubrious lifestyles."" Animal studies suggest that further lengthening of median human lifespan as well as maximum lifespan could be achieved through ""calorie restriction mimetic"" drugs or by directly reducing food consumption. Although calorie restriction has not been proven to extend the maximum human life span, as of 2014, results in ongoing primate studies have demonstrated that the assumptions derived

"All-India Muslim League"
taken earlier at the Lucknow meeting and later in Simla, the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Dhaka from 27 December until 30 December 1906. Three thousand delegates attended, headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference), in which they explained its objectives and stressed the unity of Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah, a barrister from Lucknow, and Syed Zahur Ahmad, an eminent

lawyer, as well as several others. Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) was appointed the first honorary president of the Muslim League, though he did not attend the Dhaka inaugural session. There were also six vice-presidents, a secretary, and two joint secretaries initially appointed for a three-year term, proportionately from different provinces. The League's constitution was framed in 1907, espoused in the ""Green Book,"" written by Maulana Mohammad Ali. Aga Khan III shared Ahmad Khan's belief that Muslims should first build up their social capital through advanced education before engaging in politics, but would later boldly tell the British

was to advocate for British education, especially science and literature, among India's Muslims. The conference, in addition to generating funds for Sir Syed's Aligarh Muslim University, motivated the Muslim upper class to propose an expansion of educational uplift elsewhere, known as the Aligarh Movement. In turn, this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites, who went on to form the All-India Muslim League. The formation of a Muslim political party on the national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September

"Punjab Muslim League"
Punjab Muslim League When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh. Ghulam Sadiq. Earlier Mian Muhammad Shafi organised a Muslim Association in early 1906, but when the All-India Muslim League was formed, he established its powerful branch in the Punjab of which he became the general secretary. Shah Din was elected as its first President. This branch, organised in November 1907,

of the Two Nation Theory. Whatever the historians may suggest, one thing is clear that League's success was due to the political vision, farsightedness of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a man of high personal integrity and intelligence who became a Grandmaster of the game by his clever, and clever calculations. Punjab Muslim League When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and

1906, with the participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all-Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of the Educational Conference, which was scheduled to be held in Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions

"Pakistan Muslim League"
and chief organiser, and he quit both the office leaving two major party offices vacant. The party's central council met in Karachi on 8 Oct 1950 and elected Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan the new party president.Following his footsteps, Punjab chief minister Mumtaz Daultana took over as the president of the provincial party and NWFP chief minister Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan also became the provincial party chief.The process continued as Khwaja Nazimuddin, who was the country's second Governor-General after the Quaid-i-Azam, was elected as prime minister after the assassination of Liaqat Ali Khan. Pakistan's finance minister Ghulam Mohammad then became

"Muslim World League"
in 1978. The Muslim World League was founded in accordance with a resolution adopted during the meeting of the General Islamic Conference, which was held in Mecca on the 14th of Dhul Hijjah 1381 Hijra, corresponding to the 18th May 1962. Following a meeting of 22 Muslim religious leaders held in 1962, the Muslim World League saw the light under the auspices of then Crown prince Faisal. We the members of the Muslim World League, representing it religiously, hereby undertake before God, Almighty to: · Discharge our obligation towards God, by conveying and proclaiming His Message all over the world.

"Muslim League (Pakistan)"
of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army. On the foundation of Pakistan, the President of the All-India Muslim League, Jinnah, became the new nation's Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister. The All-India Muslim League was disbanded in December 1947 and succeeded by two organisations, the ""Muslim League"" and the Indian Union Muslim League, the first being its original successor in Pakistan. Jinnah resigned as the president of the Muslim League on 17 December and the two Muslim Leagues respectively elected Ch. Khaliquzzaman as President of

of Pakistan as a Muslim state in 1947. After the partition and subsequent establishment of Pakistan, the Muslim League continued as a minor party in India where it was often part of the government. In Bangladesh, the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but it was reduced in size, rendering it insignificant in the political arena. In India, the Indian Union Muslim League and in Pakistan the Pakistan Muslim League became the original successors of the All-India Muslim League. In 1886, Sir Syed founded the Muhammadan Educational Conference, but a self-imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics. Its original goal

"Democratic Republic of the Congo–Republic of the Congo relations"
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Republic of the Congo relations The Republic of the Congo–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations or the Brazzaville-Kinshasa relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa). The two nations share the basin of the Congo River after which both nations are named. The two nations' capital cities, Brazzaville and Kinshasa, are the two closest capital cities on Earth after Rome and the Vatican City, facing each other on both sides of the Congo River. As francophone nations formerly ruled by Belgium and France,

"China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations"
China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have had peaceful diplomatic relations, and growing economic relations, since 1971. Relations between the two countries go back to 1887, when representatives of the Congo Free State established contacts with the court of the Qing dynasty then ruling China. The first treaty between the two powers was signed in 1898. The Free State became a Belgian colony in 1908, but when it gained its independence in 1960 it established formal relations with the Republic of China (ROC), which had replaced

exports of raw materials to China. In 2007, the DRC exported US$304.8 million worth of cobalt. In 2008, the DRC exported US$1.13 billion of cobalt to China. Exports of copper ore and hard woods to China also increased greatly. A deal was struck between Sicomines, a consortium of Chinese companies (Sinohydro and China Railway Engineering Corporation), and the Congolese government in April 2008 to grant mineral concessions in Katanga province in exchange for infrastructure investments. In a deal originally worth US$9 billion and funded by China EXIM Bank, US$6 billion would go to infrastructure development and US$3 billion being invested

In June 2000, a Sino-Congolese telecommunications company (China-Congo Telecom) was set up between ZTE and the Congolese government in a deal worth RMB80 million in concessional finance from China EXIM Bank. In April 2009, South African telecommunications group MTN Group offered to buy ZTE's 51 percent stake in the company for US$200 million. As of January 2010, the DRC has not yet been given Approved Destination Status (ADS) by China due to ongoing civil conflict in the country. Trade between China and the DRC greatly increased between 2002 and 2008. This is largely due to massive growth in the DRC's

province Moise Katumbi, province estimates that over 60 of the province’s 75 processing plants, around 90%, are owned by Chinese nationals. Most of these operations are privately owned limited liability companies owned by Chinese nationals. They are known to have poor environmental and labour relations records and have been accused, directly or indirectly, of using child labour. In 2007, about 600 Chinese nationals were expelled from Katanga for violating labour and environmental laws. Since 1972, the PRC has given a number of donations to the DRC. Including a farm on the outskirts of Kinshasa, a sugar refinery in Kisangani, and

"Republic of the Congo"
gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007. The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers

"Economy of the Republic of the Congo"
imports: 436 million kWh (2008 est.) Agriculture - products: cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, maize, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa, forest products Exports: $12.38 billion (2011 est.) Exports - commodities: petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, Cocoa bean, coffee, diamonds Exports - partners: China 37.9%, United States 20%, Australia 6.2%, France 6.0%, Spain 4.8%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3% (2011) Imports: $4.917 billion (2011 est.) Imports - commodities: capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs Imports - partners: France 17.3%, China 12.6%, India 9.5%, Italy 7.5%, Brazil 7.3%, United States 5.8% (2011) Debt - external: $4.955 billion (2011 est.) Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) =

Foreign Minister Raymond Tshibanda, met with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. They discussed the increase in economic cooperation, as well as in other fields, between the two states. China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have had peaceful diplomatic relations, and growing economic relations, since 1971. Relations between the two countries go back to 1887, when representatives of the Congo Free State established contacts with the court of the Qing dynasty then ruling China. The first treaty between the two powers was signed in 1898. The Free

"Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations"
Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations refers to the current relationship between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Historically, Angola has been closely involved in Congolese politics, taking part in the 1997 war to oust Mobutu Sese Seko from power. It then intervened during the Second Congo War in 1998 on the side of the new administration under Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Since the end of the conflict, the Angolan government remained an ally of President Joseph Kabila and supported him militarily. However, Angola's main interest is stability in the DRC, and Kabila's attempts

"Democratic Republic of the Congo–India relations"
India from the DRC are mineral fuel, mineral oils, copper, natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, oil seeds and olea, and miscellaneous grains. The major commodities India exports to the DRC are pharmaceutical products, vehicles, electrical machinery and equipment, nuclear reactors and boilers, and iron and steel products. The Indian government has offered to help Congo develop its mining industry. India's Gurkha troops served under the ONUC UN peacekeeping mission in the DRC during 1960-62, aimed at quelling a rebellion in the Katanga province. As of December 2016, around 4,500 Indian troops, military observers and police personnel are

"Faizabad district"
Faizabad district Faizabad district, officially known as Ayodhya district since November 2018, is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Ayodhya city is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district occupies an area of 2,764 km² and had a population of 2,468,371 in the 2011 census. In November 2018, Yogi Adityanath, the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, announced plans to rename the district to ""Ayodhya district"". According to the 2011 Indian census, the district had a population of 2,468,371. This gave it a ranking of 178th in India (out of a total of 640).

"Rohtas district"
Rohtas district Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It came into existence when Shahabad District was bifurcated into Bhojpur & Rohtas in 1972. The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² (square kilometres), a population of 2,448,762 (2001 census), and a population density of 636 persons per km². The languages spoken in this area are Bhojpuri, Hindi and English. The administrative headquarters of the district, Sasaram is a place of historical importance. Another important symbol of national pride are the parallel bridges built over the

"Dehradun district"
Dehradun district Dehradun district () is a district of Uttarakhand state in northern India. The district headquarters is Dehradun, which has also served as the interim capital of Uttarakhand since its founding in 2000. The district has 6 tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages, and 18 unpopulated villages. As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of 13), after Haridwar. Dehradun district also includes the prominent towns of Rishikesh, Mussoorie, Landour and Chakrata. The district stretches from the Ganges river in the east to the Yamuna river in the west,

"Raichur district"
Raichur district Raichur District is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Mahabubnagar district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east. The district is bounded by the Krishna River on the north and the Tungabhadra River on the south. The wedge of land between the rivers is known as the Raichur Doab, after the city of Raichur. Bijapur

"National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)"
National Highway 28 (India, old numbering) National Highway 28 is a National Highway in India that links Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh to Barauni in Bihar. It crosses into Bihar about from Kushinagar. It joins National Highway 31 at Barauni north of the river Ganges. The total length of NH 28 is . It traverses in Bihar and in Uttar Pradesh. National Highway 28 links the industrial town of Barauni in Bihar with the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, via Gorakhpur. It spans across the districts of Begusarai, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj in Bihar and Kushinagar, Deoria, Gorakhpur,

points on the way. National Highway 28 (India, old numbering) National Highway 28 is a National Highway in India that links Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh to Barauni in Bihar. It crosses into Bihar about from Kushinagar. It joins National Highway 31 at Barauni north of the river Ganges. The total length of NH 28 is . It traverses in Bihar and in Uttar Pradesh. National Highway 28 links the industrial town of Barauni in Bihar with the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, via Gorakhpur. It spans across the districts of Begusarai, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj in Bihar

"Moradabad district"
Moradabad district Moradabad district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Moradabad is the district headquarters. Moradabad district is a part of Moradabad division. As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Allahabad. The district of Moradabad lies between 28°21´ to 28°16´ north latitude and 78°4´ to 79° east longitude. According to the 2011 census Moradabad district has a population of 4,773,138, roughly equal to the nation of Singapore or the US state of Alabama. This gives it a ranking of 26th in India (out of a total of

"Kushinagar district"
Kushinagar district Kushinagar is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India situated in the easternmost part of the state. It has the administrative headquarters at Ravindra Nagar Dhoos in Padrauna. The district is named such after the town Kushinagar, a Buddhist pilgrimage site where Gautama Buddha attained ""parinirvana"" in the 5th century BCE. Since the independence of India, Kushinagar district was a part of Deoria District and came into existence on 13 May 1994 as a separate district division. It was earlier known as Padrauna and thereafter was renamed Kushinagar on 19th June 1997. Kushinagar District is bounded

"Etah district"
Etah district Etah district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Etah town is the district headquarters. Etah district is a part of Aligarh Division. The driving distance from New Delhi to Etah is 207 km. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Etah one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). According to the 2011 census Etah district has a population of 1,761,143, roughly equal to

Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, translation: ""Thirty-Six Forts"") is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country. It is the tenth-largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th-most populated state in the country. A resource-rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 10 Chhattisgarhi and 6 Gondi speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.

"Miss Texas USA"
Miss Texas USA The Miss Texas USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Texas in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The current titleholder is Alayah Benavidez of San Antonio. Nine Miss Texas USA titleholders have won the Miss USA title and one, Chelsi Smith, has been crowned Miss Universe. In the 1980s Texas won the Miss USA title five consecutive years from 1985 to 1989, a streak known as the ""Texas Aces"". Prior to this no state had ever won the Miss USA pageant more than

"Miss Texas"
Miss Texas 2018 on June 30, 2018 at Eisemann Center in Richardson, Texas. She will compete for the title of Miss America 2019 on September 9, 2018 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The year in parentheses indicates the year of the Miss America competition the award/placement was garnered. Miss Texas The Miss Texas competition was founded in 1937 as a scholarship contest for young women. The winner represents Texas in the Miss America pageant; three winners have gone on to be crowned Miss America (but none since 1975). To become Miss Texas, a contestant must first win a local competition.

pageant Miss Texas USA The Miss Texas USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Texas in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The current titleholder is Alayah Benavidez of San Antonio. Nine Miss Texas USA titleholders have won the Miss USA title and one, Chelsi Smith, has been crowned Miss Universe. In the 1980s Texas won the Miss USA title five consecutive years from 1985 to 1989, a streak known as the ""Texas Aces"". Prior to this no state had ever won the Miss USA pageant more

Texas title each July. The state pageant was held in Fort Worth for 36 years before relocating to the University of Texas at Arlington's Texas Hall in 2009. In 2012, the pageant moved to the Allen Event Center in suburban Collin County. In 2014 the Miss Texas pageant began being held at the Eisemann Center for Performing Arts in Richardson, Texas. In 2010, Miss Texas celebrated its 75th anniversary, and Randy Pruett wrote a book, ""A Dream as Big as Texas"", to document the stories of the 75 women that were crowned Miss Texas. Madison Fuller of Fairfield was crowned

"Mrs. Texas"
Mrs. Texas The Mrs. Texas Pageant is a beauty competition that was established for married women throughout the state of Texas. Anybody between the age of 20 to 50 earns the right to participate in the national event by winning the Mrs. Texas competition. These state events are under the direction of Mrs. America state directors. The winner goes on to compete in the Mrs. America pageant. Sonia Segura, of Houston, was crowned Mrs. Texas 2017 at The Palace Theatre in Corsicana on May 6, 2017. Here is a chart of all of the Mrs. Texas' placement at the Mrs.

America competition: Mrs. Texas The Mrs. Texas Pageant is a beauty competition that was established for married women throughout the state of Texas. Anybody between the age of 20 to 50 earns the right to participate in the national event by winning the Mrs. Texas competition. These state events are under the direction of Mrs. America state directors. The winner goes on to compete in the Mrs. America pageant. Sonia Segura, of Houston, was crowned Mrs. Texas 2017 at The Palace Theatre in Corsicana on May 6, 2017. Here is a chart of all of the Mrs. Texas' placement at

"Miss Texas Teen USA"
Miss Texas Teen USA The Miss Texas Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Texas in the Miss Teen USA pageant. Texas is one of the most successful states across all twenty-seven years of competition at Miss Teen USA. They have had seventeen semi-finalists, three more than any other state. They have won the crown three times, in 1996 when Christie Lee Woods took the title (Woods later went on to star in ""The Amazing Race 5"") and 15 years later in 2011 when Danielle Doty won. Karlie Hay became the third Texan

Miss Texas The Miss Texas competition was founded in 1937 as a scholarship contest for young women. The winner represents Texas in the Miss America pageant; three winners have gone on to be crowned Miss America (but none since 1975). To become Miss Texas, a contestant must first win a local competition. A young woman may compete at the local and state level more than once, but may only compete in the national Miss America competition one time. Hundreds of women participate each year in the local pageants, culminating in the selection of local finalists who compete for the Miss

"Shannon Sanderford"
Shannon Sanderford Shannon Lee Sanderford (born March 9, 1992) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Coppell, Texas, who was crowned Miss Texas 2015. She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September 2015 and placed in the Top 10. In her first try for Miss Texas, Sanderford won the Miss San Jacinto 2013 title. She competed in the 2013 Miss Texas pageant with the platform ""Double Beauty"" and a vocal performance in the talent portion of the competition. She was named Overall Interview Winner but was not a finalist for the state title. On November 30, 2013, Sanderford

two times in succession. Past state directors have included Richard Guy and Rex Holt, ""GuyRex"" and Al and Gail Clark of ""The Crystal Group"". The pageant is currently held in Houston and has previously been hosted by El Paso, San Antonio, South Padre Island, Lubbock and Laredo. It was televised from 1971 to 2009. Contestants enter by winning local pageants or may choose to compete ""at large"" with an assigned title. In 2001 a record number of former Miss Texas Teen USA winners, six, competed for the Miss Texas USA 2002 title. Age at the time of the Miss USA

"New Deal"
achieved by reducing total farm output. The Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) in May 1933. The act reflected the demands of leaders of major farm organizations (especially the Farm Bureau) and reflected debates among Roosevelt's farm advisers such as Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace, M.L. Wilson, Rexford Tugwell and George Peek. The AAA aimed to raise prices for commodities through artificial scarcity. The AAA used a system of domestic allotments, setting total output of corn, cotton, dairy products, hogs, rice, tobacco and wheat. The farmers themselves had a voice in the process of using government

"New Deal"
enterprise in favor of the imposition of strict controls on prices and wages. These controls shared broad support among labor and business, resulting in cooperation between the two groups and the U.S. government. This cooperation resulted in the government subsidizing business and labor through both direct and indirect methods. Conservative domination of Congress during the war meant that all welfare projects and reforms had to have their approval, which was given when business supported the project. For example, the Coal Mines Inspection and Investigation Act of 1941 significantly reduced fatality rates in the coal-mining industry, saving workers' lives and company

"New Deal"
To mobilize political support for the NRA, Johnson launched the ""NRA Blue Eagle"" publicity campaign to boost what he called ""industrial self-government"". The NRA brought together leaders in each industry to design specific sets of codes for that industry—the most important provisions were anti-deflationary floors below which no company would lower prices or wages and agreements on maintaining employment and production. In a remarkably short time, the NRA announced agreements from almost every major industry in the nation. By March 1934, industrial production was 45% higher than in March 1933. NRA Administrator Hugh Johnson was showing signs of mental breakdown

"National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933"
authorizing the promulgation of industrial codes of fair competition, guaranteed trade union rights, permitted the regulation of working standards, and regulated the price of certain refined petroleum products and their transportation. Title II established the Public Works Administration, outlined the projects and funding opportunities it could engage in. Title II also provided funding for the Act. The Act was implemented by the NRA and the Public Works Administration (PWA). Very large numbers of regulations were generated under the authority granted to the NRA by the Act, which led to a significant loss of political support for Roosevelt and the New

"New Deal"
army officers, who salaries came from the relief budget. The PWA built numerous warships, including two aircraft carriers; the money came from the PWA agency. PWA also built warplanes, while the WPA built military bases and airfields. To prime the pump and cut unemployment, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a major program of public works, which organized and provided funds for the building of useful works such as government buildings, airports, hospitals, schools, roads, bridges and dams. From 1933 to 1935 PWA spent $3.3 billion with private companies to build 34,599 projects, many of them quite large.

"New Deal"
technical progress had led to overproduction and lowered wages and prices, which they believed lowered demand and employment (deflation). He argued that government economic planning was necessary to remedy this. New Deal economists argued that cut-throat competition had hurt many businesses and that with prices having fallen 20% and more, ""deflation"" exacerbated the burden of debt and would delay recovery. They rejected a strong move in Congress to limit the workweek to 30 hours. Instead their remedy, designed in cooperation with big business, was the NIRA. It included stimulus funds for the WPA to spend and sought to raise prices,

"New Deal"
statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production, [is] a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government"". The AAA was replaced by a similar program that did win Court approval. Instead of paying farmers for letting fields lie barren, this program subsidized them for planting soil enriching crops such as alfalfa that would not be sold on the market. Federal regulation of agricultural production has been modified many times since then, but together with large subsidies is still in effect today. The Farm Tenancy Act in 1937 was the last major New Deal legislation that concerned farming. In

"New Deal"
the undistributed profits tax was enacted in 1936. This time the primary purpose was revenue, since Congress had enacted the Adjusted Compensation Payment Act, calling for payments of $2 billion to World War I veterans. The bill established the persisting principle that retained corporate earnings could be taxed. Paid dividends were tax deductible by corporations. Its proponents intended the bill to replace all other corporation taxes—believing this would stimulate corporations to distribute earnings and thus put more cash and spending power in the hands of individuals. In the end, Congress watered down the bill, setting the tax rates at 7

"New Deal"
to benefit their incomes. The AAA paid land owners subsidies for leaving some of their land idle with funds provided by a new tax on food processing. To force up farm prices to the point of ""parity,"" of growing cotton was plowed up, bountiful crops were left to rot and six million piglets were killed and discarded. The idea was to give farmers a ""fair exchange value"" for their products in relation to the general economy (""parity level""). Farm incomes and the income for the general population recovered fast since the beginning of 1933. Food prices remained still well below

"New Deal"
unprecedented scale to curb flooding, generate electricity and modernize poor farms in the Tennessee Valley region of the Southern United States. Under the Farmers' Relief Act of 1933, the government paid compensation to farmers who reduced output, thereby raising prices. As a result of this legislation, the average income of farmers almost doubled by 1937. In the 1920s, farm production had increased dramatically thanks to mechanization, more potent insecticides and increased use of fertilizer. Due to an overproduction of agricultural products, farmers faced a severe and chronic agricultural depression throughout the 1920s. The Great Depression even worsened the agricultural crises

"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game"
go out there and play loose."" In a rebuilding year under head coach Tony Bennett, Virginia had entered the season unranked but proceeded to win the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) regular season championship outright by four games over pre-season AP No. 1 Duke, finishing 17–1 in conference play including Bennett's first win at Cameron Indoor Stadium. They then capped an improbable ascendancy by defeating North Carolina in the ACC Tournament championship, finishing the regular season 31–2. Two days before NCAA tournament play, the Cavaliers lost the ACC Sixth Man of the Year, forward De'Andre Hunter, to a season-ending left wrist

right to face ninth-seeded Kansas State, which had already won their first-round game against Creighton earlier in the day. The Retrievers defeated the Cavaliers 74–54, becoming the first No. 16 seed to defeat a No. 1 seed in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It was only the second time in college basketball overall, after the No. 16 seeded Harvard women defeated overall No. 1 Stanford twenty years earlier. UMBC also earned its first NCAA Tournament win in school history. With Virginia set as a 20.5 point favorite heading into the game, UMBC's victory was the second-biggest upset in

fracture. The injury led the ""New York Daily News"" to change their pick from Virginia winning the national championship to not advancing out of the Sweet Sixteen. Virginia entered the tournament seeded first overall. The game was played at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The attendance for the game was 17,943. Spectrum Center had previously hosted the tournament in 2008, 2011, and 2015, respectively. The game was televised nationally on TNT and announced by Jim Nantz, Bill Raftery, and Grant Hill, with Tracy Wolfson as their sideline reporter. The game was played after the conclusion of the Kansas

2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game On March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played a college basketball game against the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Retrievers at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Cavaliers, who were seeded first in the South regional bracket and first overall in the NCAA Tournament, faced the Retrievers, who were seeded 16th in the South regional bracket and ranked 63rd overall (out of a field of 68). Virginia and UMBC competed for the

Clemson 64–58 to secure a place in the tournament championship game. They defeated North Carolina 71–63 in the championship game to become tournament champion. Sophomore guard Kyle Guy was named Tournament MVP. Games were shown on over-the-air television in local media markets by the syndicated ACC Network and simulcast nationally on various ESPN cable networks. Both the Virginia–North Carolina title game and Duke–North Carolina semifinal game set the Barclays Center attendance record for college basketball games, and conference leadership vowed to return the ACC Tournament to New York in the near future. All 15 ACC teams participated in the tournament.

the win, Odom said, ""Unbelievable — it’s really all you can say."" After the game, UMBC received national attention and was featured in articles from ""The Washington Post"" to ""USA Today"". UMBC advanced to the Round of 32, in which they faced 9-seed Kansas State Wildcats on March 18, 2018. The game was competitive, with neither team having a lead greater than nine points throughout the game, and UMBC trailing by only three points with two minutes remaining in the game. The Wildcats won the game 50–43, thus ending UMBC's Cinderella run. The first round losses by No. 1 seed

"Covalent bond"
carbon itself and four from the hydrogens bonded to it. Each hydrogen has a valence of one and is surrounded by two electrons (a duet rule) – its own one electron plus one from the carbon. The numbers of electrons correspond to full shells in the quantum theory of the atom; the outer shell of a carbon atom is the ""n"" = 2 shell, which can hold eight electrons, whereas the outer (and only) shell of a hydrogen atom is the ""n"" = 1 shell, which can hold only two. While the idea of shared electron pairs provides an effective

Covalent bond A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration. Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, and three-center two-electron bonds. The

the energy . Covalent bond A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration. Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, and three-center

is considered a ""half bond"" because it consists of only one shared electron (rather than two); in molecular orbital terms, the third electron is in an anti-bonding orbital which cancels out half of the bond formed by the other two electrons. Another example of a molecule containing a 3-electron bond, in addition to two 2-electron bonds, is nitric oxide, NO. The oxygen molecule, O can also be regarded as having two 3-electron bonds and one 2-electron bond, which accounts for its paramagnetism and its formal bond order of 2. Chlorine dioxide and its heavier analogues bromine dioxide and iodine dioxide

term ""covalent bond"" dates from 1939. The prefix ""co-"" means ""jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, "" etc.; thus a ""co-valent bond"", in essence, means that the atoms share ""valence"", such as is discussed in valence bond theory. In the molecule , the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding. Covalency is greatest between atoms of similar electronegativities. Thus, covalent bonding does not necessarily require that the two atoms be of the same elements, only that they be of comparable electronegativity. Covalent bonding that entails sharing of electrons over more than two atoms is said

"Double bond"
Double bond A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two. The most common double bond, that is between two carbon atoms, can be found in alkenes. Many types of double bonds exist between two different elements. For example, in a carbonyl group with a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Other common double bonds are found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N) and sulfoxides (S=O). In skeletal formula the double bond is drawn as two parallel lines (=) between the two connected atoms; typographically, the equals

bonds and are due to head-on overlapping of orbitals on two different atoms. A single bond is usually a σ bond. Pi (π) bonds are weaker and are due to lateral overlap between p (or d) orbitals. A double bond between two given atoms consists of one σ and one π bond, and a triple bond is one σ and two π bonds. Covalent bonds are also affected by the electronegativity of the connected atoms which determines the chemical polarity of the bond. Two atoms with equal electronegativity will make nonpolar covalent bonds such as H–H. An unequal relationship creates

"Lone pair"
for nitrogen inversion at the stereo center is low, which allow the two stereoisomers to rapidly interconvert at room temperature. As a result, such chiral amines cannot be resolved, unless the amine's groups are constrained in a cyclic structure (such as in Tröger's base). Lone pair In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair. Lone pairs are found in the outermost electron shell of atoms. They can be identified by using a Lewis structure. Electron pairs are therefore considered lone pairs if

and each oxygen is a double bond in one structure and a single bond in the other two, so that the average bond order for each N–O interaction is = . In organic chemistry, when a molecule with a planar ring obeys Hückel's rule, where the number of π electrons fit the formula 4""n"" + 2 (where ""n"" is an integer), it attains extra stability and symmetry. In benzene, the prototypical aromatic compound, there are 6 π bonding electrons (""n"" = 1, 4""n"" + 2 = 6). These occupy three delocalized π molecular orbitals (molecular orbital theory) or form conjugate

Hydrogen bond A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is bound to a more electronegative atom or group, such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F)—the hydrogen bond donor—and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor. Hydrogen bonds can be intermolecular (occurring between separate molecules) or intramolecular (occurring among parts of the same molecule). Depending on the nature of the donor and acceptor atoms which constitute the bond, their geometry, and environment, the energy of a hydrogen bond can vary between 1 and 40 kcal/mol. This makes

"Don Quixote"
dons an old suit of armour, renames himself ""Don Quixote"", names his exhausted horse ""Rocinante"", and designates Aldonza Lorenzo, a neighboring farm girl, as his lady love, renaming her Dulcinea del Toboso, while she knows nothing of this. Expecting to become famous quickly, he arrives at an inn, which he believes to be a castle; calls the prostitutes he meets ""ladies"" (""doncellas""); and asks the innkeeper, whom he takes as the lord of the castle, to dub him a knight. He spends the night holding vigil over his armor and becomes involved in a fight with muleteers who try to

Rocinante
strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what he then was."" Rocinante Rocinante () is Don Quixote's horse in the novel ""Don Quixote"" by Miguel de Cervantes. In many ways, Rocinante is not only Don Quixote's horse, but also his double: like Don Quixote, he is awkward, past his prime, and engaged in a task beyond his capacities. in Spanish means a work horse or low-quality horse, but can also mean an illiterate or rough man. There are similar words in French (""roussin; rosse""), Portuguese (""rocim""), Dutch (""ros""), and

Rocinante
Rocinante Rocinante () is Don Quixote's horse in the novel ""Don Quixote"" by Miguel de Cervantes. In many ways, Rocinante is not only Don Quixote's horse, but also his double: like Don Quixote, he is awkward, past his prime, and engaged in a task beyond his capacities. in Spanish means a work horse or low-quality horse, but can also mean an illiterate or rough man. There are similar words in French (""roussin; rosse""), Portuguese (""rocim""), Dutch (""ros""), and Italian (""ronzino""). The etymology is uncertain. The name is a complex pun. In Spanish, ""ante"" has several meanings and can function as

"Tornado (horse)"
end of the cave once stood a fake mine entrance, now known as Tornado's Mine, with pieces of the old film construction still visible. Tornado (horse) Tornado (occasionally Toronado) is a horse ridden by the character Zorro in several films and books. Tornado is said to be intelligent and fast. His name is pronounced in the Spanish way, ""tor-NAH-do"" (except in the 1998 movie ""The Mask of Zorro""). Being as jet-black as Zorro's costume enables horse and rider to more easily elude capture at night. Over the decades and the many stories, the specific details of Tornado's history and personality

"El Cid"
reputation as an outstanding battlefield commander. Babieca or Bavieca was El Cid's warhorse. Several stories exist about El Cid and Babieca. One well-known legend about El Cid describes how he acquired the stallion. According to this story, Rodrigo's godfather, Pedro El Grande, was a monk at a Carthusian monastery. Pedro's coming-of-age gift to El Cid was his pick of a horse from an Andalusian herd. El Cid picked a horse that his godfather thought was a weak, poor choice, causing the monk to exclaim """"Babieca""!"" (stupid!) Hence, it became the name of El Cid's horse. Another legend states that in

a backup in some galloping scenes and when Ariaan, a stallion, didn't want to cooperate. In Isabel Allende's novel ""Zorro"" (2005), Tornado is given to Don Diego de la Vega upon his return to California, by his milk brother, Bernardo (manservant in the Disney television series), and Bernardo's wife, Light-in-the-night, who trained it. During Bernardo and Diego's Indian initiation ritual before leaving for Spain, Bernardo notices a black foal tentatively following him while he is alone in the woods. Gradually, he befriends the horse, and names him Tornado (pending the horse's approval). He plans to tame Tornado and give him

Pegasus
Pegasus Pegasus (, ""Pḗgasos""; ) is a mythical winged divine stallion, and one of the most recognized creatures in Greek mythology. Usually depicted as pure white, Pegasus is a child of the Olympian god Poseidon. He was foaled by the Gorgon Medusa upon her death, when the hero Perseus decapitated her. Pegasus is the brother of Chrysaor and the uncle of Geryon. Greco-Roman poets wrote about the ascent of Pegasus to heaven after his birth, and his subsequent obeisance to Zeus, king of the gods, who instructed him to bring lightning and thunder from Olympus. Friend of the Muses, Pegasus

"Palomo (horse)"
Palomo (horse) Palomo was Simón Bolívar's horse. It accompanied him on most of his campaigns of national liberation. The horse was white, tall, with a tail that almost reached the ground. It was a gift from an elderly peasant woman from Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá Department, shortly before the Battle of Boyacá in 1819. According to local lore Bolívar visited Santa Rosa in early 1814 on his way to Tunja on his way to report to the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada on his setbacks in Venezuela. As the Liberator approached the town on a tired

a lush, very old ceiba. Palomo's horseshoes and other effects of Bolívar are on exhibit in the Museum of Mulaló. Palomo (horse) Palomo was Simón Bolívar's horse. It accompanied him on most of his campaigns of national liberation. The horse was white, tall, with a tail that almost reached the ground. It was a gift from an elderly peasant woman from Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá Department, shortly before the Battle of Boyacá in 1819. According to local lore Bolívar visited Santa Rosa in early 1814 on his way to Tunja on his way to report to the Congress of

"Clavileño"
Clavileño Clavileño the Swift is a fictional wooden horse, notable in both European and Near Eastern folklore, also appearing in chapters 40 and 41 of the second part of the adventures of Don Quixote. It is governed by a pin in its forehead. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are tricked into using Clavileño, believing they have flown blindfolded and have controlled the horse with a peg in its head. The ""Dueña Dolorida"" (Countess Trifaldi) asserts that she and her ladies will be free of their charmed beards if knight and squire fly on the magical horse, sent by the sorcerer

"Carolyn Jones"
Carolyn Jones Carolyn Sue Jones (April 28, 1930 – August 3, 1983) was an American actress of television and film. Jones began her film career in the early 1950s, and by the end of the decade had achieved recognition with a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for ""The Bachelor Party"" (1957) and a Golden Globe Award as one of the most promising actresses of 1959. Her film career continued for another 20 years. In 1964, she began playing the role of Morticia Addams (as well as her sister Ophelia and the feminine counterpart of Thing, Lady

"Morticia Addams"
but smoke instead emanates from below her. In 2009, she was included in Yahoo!'s Top 10 TV Moms from Six Decades of Television for the time period 1964–1966. AOL named her one of the 100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters. Morticia was portrayed by Carolyn Jones in the television series of the 1960s and by Anjelica Huston in ""The Addams Family"" (1991) and its sequel ""Addams Family Values"" (1993). Huston's portrayal of Morticia was always illuminated by a ghostly glow around the eyes, which became most noticeable when she was standing or lying in dim light. Daryl Hannah played Morticia

in the 1998 film ""Addams Family Reunion"". Canadian actress Ellie Harvie played Morticia in the revival series, ""The New Addams Family"". In the first animated series made in 1973, Morticia was voiced by Janet Waldo. Jones also voiced this character in an episode of ""The New Scooby-Doo Movies"" that featured the family. In the 1992 animated series, she was voiced by Nancy Linari. In the 2010 Broadway musical, Morticia was portrayed by Bebe Neuwirth. Brooke Shields replaced her in the role of Morticia on June 28, 2011. Morticia was also one of the inspirations for the Walt Disney character Magica

returned in 1982. In July 1983, she fell into a coma at her home in West Hollywood, California, where she died on August 3, 1983. She donated her Morticia costume and wig to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, while a collection of ""Addams Family"" scripts were donated by Bailey-Britton to UCLA. Carolyn Jones Carolyn Sue Jones (April 28, 1930 – August 3, 1983) was an American actress of television and film. Jones began her film career in the early 1950s, and by the end of the decade had achieved recognition with a nomination for an Academy Award

"Ellie Harvie"
Ellie Harvie Ellie Anne Harvie (born April 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress who portrayed Morticia on ""The New Addams Family"". Later, she starred as Dr. Lindsey Novak in ""Stargate SG-1"" and ""Stargate Atlantis"". Harvie was the youngest of five children born into a U.S. Air Force family. They eventually settled in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Harvie later attended the University of Manitoba, where she earned a degree in political studies. After graduating, Harvie moved to Vancouver with her family in 1987, where she took up a two-year course at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre School. Her love of stand-up comedy and

"Camryn Manheim"
Camryn Manheim Camryn Manheim (born March 8, 1961) is an American actress known primarily for her roles as attorney Ellenor Frutt on ABC's ""The Practice"", Delia Banks on CBS's ""Ghost Whisperer"", as Elvis's mother, Gladys Presley in the 2005 mini-series ""Elvis"", and ""Control"" on ""Person of Interest"". In 1998 she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her work on ""The Practice"". Manheim was born in Caldwell, New Jersey and grew up in Peoria, Illinois. She is the daughter of Sylvia, a teacher, and Jerome Manheim, a mathematics professor. Her family is Jewish.

"Alice Pearce"
Alice Pearce Alice Pearce (October 16, 1917 – March 3, 1966) was an American actress. She was brought to Hollywood by Gene Kelly to reprise her Broadway performance in the film version of ""On the Town"" (1949). Pearce played comedic supporting roles in several films, before being cast as nosy neighbor Gladys Kravitz in the television sitcom ""Bewitched"" in 1964. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series posthumously after the second season of the series. She died from ovarian cancer in 1966. Pearce was born in New York City, the only child of

Morticia Addams Morticia Addams is a fictional character from ""The Addams Family"" television and film series. Created by cartoonist Charles Addams, she was based on his first wife Barbara. Morticia first appeared in Charles Addams' newspaper cartoons as the stern, aloof matriarch of the Family. She often appeared with the rest of the family, and was, along with Gomez and Grandmama, one of the few members to actually speak in the cartoons. Morticia is the wife of Gomez Addams and mother of Wednesday, Pugsley and Pubert Addams. The character originated in the Charles Addams cartoons for ""The New Yorker"" magazine

"Mary Tyler Moore"
lifetime achievement award. In New York City in 2012, Moore and Bernadette Peters were honored by the Ride of Fame and a double-decker bus was dedicated to them and their charity work on behalf of ""Broadway Barks"", which the duo co-founded. Notes Bibliography Mary Tyler Moore Mary Tyler Moore (December 29, 1936 – January 25, 2017) was an American actress, known for her roles in the television sitcoms ""The Mary Tyler Moore Show"" (1970–1977), in which she starred as Mary Richards, a single woman working as a local news producer in Minneapolis, and ""The Dick Van Dyke Show"" (1961–1966), in

Pac-Man
Pac-Man , stylized as PAC-MAN, is an arcade game designed by Toru Iwatani of Namco and first released in Japan as Puck Man in May . Licensed for distribution in the United States by Midway Games, it was released in October 1980 when top arcade games were stark space shooters, such as ""Asteroids"". ""Pac-Man"" established the conventions of the maze chase genre, and is considered one of the classics of the medium and an icon of 1980s popular culture. Upon its release, the game—and subsequent entries in the series—became a social phenomenon that crossed over to other media, such as

Pac-Man
of ""Pac-Man"" sold seven million units at $37.95 per copy, becoming the best-selling game of all time on the console. While enjoying initial sales success, Atari overestimated demand by producing 12 million cartridges, of which 5 million went unsold. The port's poor quality damaged the company's reputation among consumers and retailers, which would eventually become one of the contributing factors to Atari's decline and the North American video game crash of 1983, alongside Atari's ""E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial"". When first launched in Japan by Namco in 1980, ""Pac-Man"" received a lukewarm response as ""Space Invaders"" and other similar games were more

Pac-Man
was a concept he borrowed from Popeye. The result was a game he named ""Puck Man"" as a reference to the main character's hockey puck shape. Later in 1980, the game was picked up for manufacture in the United States by Bally division Midway, which changed the game's name from ""Puck Man"" to ""Pac-Man"" in an effort to avoid vandalism from people changing the letter 'P' into an 'F'. The cabinet artwork was also changed and the pace and level of difficulty increased to appeal to western audiences. Atari, Inc. licensed the home rights and developed versions of ""Pac-Man"" for

Pac-Man
took the US National Video Game Team on a tour of the East Coast to visit video game players who said they could get through level 256. No video game player could demonstrate this ability. In 1999, Billy Mitchell offered $100,000 to anyone who could complete level 256 before January 1, 2000. The prize expired unclaimed. Up into the early 1970s, Namco primarily specialized in kiddie rides for Japanese department stores. Masaya Nakamura, the founder of Namco, started to direct the company toward arcade games, starting with electromechanical ones such as ""F-1"" (1976). He later hired a number of software

Pac-Man
received and reviewed as ""Rally-X"". ""Pac-Man"" quickly became far more popular than anything seen in the video game industry up to that point. It overtook ""Asteroids"" as the best-selling arcade game in North America, grossing over $1 billion in quarters within a year, by the end of 1980, surpassing the revenues grossed by the highest-grossing film of the time, ""Star Wars"". 60% of players were women according to one estimate, because of its lack of violence, while 90% of those playing space shoot-em-up ""Omega Race"" were men. More than 350,000 ""Pac-Man"" arcade cabinets were sold worldwide, retailing at around $2400

Pac-Man
each and totalling around $1 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ), within 18 months of release. By 1982, 400,000 arcade machines had been sold worldwide and an estimated 7 billion coins had been inserted into them. In addition, United States revenues from ""Pac-Man"" licensed products (games, T-shirts, pop songs, wastepaper baskets, etc.) exceeded $1 billion ($ billion). The game was estimated to have had 30 million active players across the United States in 1982. Nakamura said in a 1983 interview that though he did expect ""Pac-Man"" to be successful, ""I never thought it would be this big."" ""II Computing""

Pac-Man
listed it tenth on the magazine's list of top Apple II games as of late 1985, based on sales and market-share data, and in December 1987 alone Mindscape's IBM PC version of ""Pac-Man"" sold over 100,000 copies. In January 1982, the game won the overall Best Commercial Arcade Game award at the 1981 Arcade Awards. In 2001, ""Pac-Man"" was voted the greatest video game of all time by a Dixons poll in the UK. The readers of ""Killer List of Videogames"" name ""Pac-Man"" as the No. 1 video game on its ""Top 10 Most Popular Video games"" list, the staff

"Ms. Pac-Man"
Ms. Pac-Man Ms. Pac-Man is an arcade video game from the Golden Age. It was produced by Illinois-based Midway Manufacturing corporation, the North American publisher of ""Pac-Man"". ""Ms. Pac-Man"" was released in North America in February 1982, and is one of the most popular arcade video games of all time. This popularity led to its adoption as an official title by Namco, the creator of ""Pac-Man"", which was released in the United States in late 1980. Ms. Pac-Man introduced a female protagonist, new maze designs, and several other improved gameplay changes over the original ""Pac-Man"". ""Ms. Pac-Man"" became the most

Pac-Man
all time. In 2016, ""USgamer"" calculated that the machines' inflation-adjusted takings were equivalent to $7.68 billion. In 2017, GameRevolution estimated all versions of ""Pac-Man"" to have grossed over $12 billion in total when adjusted for inflation. The game is regarded as one of the most influential video games of all time: its title character was the first original gaming mascot, the game established the maze chase game genre, it demonstrated the potential of characters in video games, it increased the appeal of video games with female audiences, and it was gaming's first licensing success. In addition, it was the first

"Pac-Man (Atari 2600)"
an extra life and the omnipresent siren sound during gameplay. The most significant and obvious difference is the constant flicker of the ghosts. In the late 1970s, Atari acquired the rights to produce home versions of Namco's arcade games. After ""Pac-Man"" proved to be a success in the United States, Atari decided to produce the game for its Atari 2600 console. The company believed the conversion would be simple because the arcade's success was attributed to the gameplay rather than impressive visuals. Development took around four months; the process started in May 1981 and finished in September. At the time,

"National debt of China"
sources, such as the Article IV Consultation Reports, state that, at the end of 2014, the ""general government gross debt""-to-GDP ratio for China was 41.54 percent. With China's 2014 GDP being 10,356.508 billion, this makes the government debt of China approximately 4.3 trillion. The foreign debt of China, by June 2015, stood at around 1.68 trillion, according to data from the country's State Administration of Foreign Exchange as quoted by the State Council. The figure does not include Hong Kong, Macau or that of Taiwan. Chinese foreign debt denominated in the U.S. dollar was 80 percent of the total, euros

"China–United States relations"
periods of open conflict, most notably during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Currently, China and the United States have mutual political, economic, and security interests, including but not limited to the proliferation of nuclear weapons, although there are unresolved concerns relating to the role of democracy in government in China and human rights in both respective countries. China is the largest foreign creditor of the United States. The two countries remain in dispute over territorial issues in the South China Sea. Public opinion of the other country tends to fluctuate around 40 to 50 percent favorability. As of

the purchase of shares of the United States debt during the Great Recession. Due to this purchase, the two nations share a deeply rooted economic relationship. US depends on China for holding their debt and, in turn, China cannot sell their debt without decreasing the value of the US dollar in which the Chinese depend on for economic development. As result, the two countries depend on each other for further economic development. The economic connection between China and the United states is a powerful factor in reducing conflict between the two nations. Cooperation is essential between China and the US

National debt of China The national debt (or government debt) of the People's Republic of China is the total amount of money owed by the government and all state organizations and government branches of China. As of October 2018, it stands at approximately 36 trillion ( 5.2 trillion), equivalent to about 47.6% of GDP. Standard & Poor's Global Ratings has stated Chinese local governments may have an additional 40 trillion ($5.8 trillion) in off-balance sheet debt. The high debt level is a current economic issue facing China. The International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and other

bilateral deficit between China and the US. A series of estimates based on true domestic content can cut the overall deficit – which was $252bn in November 2010 – by half, if not more."" In early 2012, a dispute over rare earth minerals was brought into the light between the two countries. President Obama made an announcement that the United States would be one of a few countries to file a dispute with China. Amongst the United States, Japan and other Western European countries would also be filing disputes as well. This is simply just one of few disputes between

which type of hematoma is a result of torn bridging meningeal veins

"Breast hematoma"
Breast hematoma Breast hematoma is a collection of blood within the breast. It arises from internal bleeding (hemorrhage) and may arise due to trauma (breast injury or surgery) or due to a non-traumatic cause. Symptoms may include visible discoloring (ecchymosis), breast pain, and swelling. The symptoms may be similar to those of fibrocystic breast changes. A breast hematoma may appear due to direct trauma to the breast, for example from a sports injury or a road accident, for example a vehicle collision in which a seat belt injury occurs. Hematoma can also be a consequence of breast surgery, usually due

Hematometra
Hematometra Hematometra or hemometra is a medical condition involving collection or retention of blood in the uterus. It is most commonly caused by an imperforate hymen or a transverse vaginal septum. Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention. Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to be asymptomatic. Due to the accumulation of blood in the uterus, patients may develop low blood pressure or

"Epidural hematoma"
Epidural hematoma Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater), and the skull. Often there is loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body. Complications may include seizures. The cause is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery. Occasionally it can occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation. Diagnosis

"Pulmonary hemorrhage"
Pulmonary hemorrhage Pulmonary hemorrhage (or pulmonary haemorrhage) is an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli. When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive. The onset of pulmonary hemorrhage is characterized by cough productive of blood (hemoptysis) and worsening of oxygenation leading to cyanosis. Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities (e.g. disorders of coagulation). A blood transfusion may be necessary. The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10% of neonatal autopsies,

Hemoscrotum
Hemoscrotum Hemoscrotum (or haemoscrotum in British English) is a condition in which blood accumulates inside the scrotum. Hemoscrotum can follow trauma (such as a straddle injury) or can be a complication of surgery. It is often accompanied by testicular pain. It has been reported in patients with hemophilia and following catheterization of the femoral artery. If the diagnosis is not clinically evident, transillumination (with a penlight against the scrotum) will show a non-translucent fluid inside the scrotum. Ultrasound imaging may also be useful in confirming the diagnosis. In severe or non-resolving cases, surgical incision and drainage may be required. To

"Spinal epidural hematoma"
Spinal epidural hematoma Spinal epidural hematoma is bleeding into the epidural space in the spine. These may arise spontaneously (e.g. during childbirth), or as a rare complication of epiduralanaesthesia or of surgery (such as laminectomy). Symptoms usually include back pain which radiates to the arms or the legs. They may cause pressure on the spinal cord or cauda equina, which may present as pain, muscle weakness, or dysfunction of the bladder and bowel. The best way to confirm the diagnosis is MRI. Risk factors include anatomical abnormalities and bleeding disorders. Treatment is generally with emergency surgery. The risk following epidural

Hematocolpos
abdominal distention. There can be four possible causes of Hematocolpos It is generally treated surgically, with a hymenotomy or other surgery to remove any tissue that blocks the menstrual flow. Hematocolpos Hematocolpos is a medical condition in which the vagina fills with menstrual blood. It is often caused by the combination of menstruation with an imperforate hymen. It is sometimes seen in Robinow syndrome, uterus didelphys, or other vaginal anomalies. A related disorder is hematometra, where the uterus fills with menstrual blood. It presents after puberty as primary amenorrhoea, recurrent pelvic pain with a pelvic mass. This can be caused

to post-operative bleeding. Bleeding may occur shortly after the intervention or a number of days later and can occur for cosmetic surgery (for example breast reduction or breast enhancement) and for non-cosmetic surgery (for example lymph node removal, lumpectomy, or mastectomy). More rarely, hematoma can result from breast biopsy. Rarely, a breast hematoma can also occur spontaneously due to a rupture of blood vessels in the breast, especially in persons with coagulopathy or after long-term use of blood-thinning drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen. When there is post-operative swelling after breast surgery or core needle biopsy, a breast ultrasound examination

prevent recurrence following surgical drainage, a drain may be left at the surgical site. Hemoscrotum Hemoscrotum (or haemoscrotum in British English) is a condition in which blood accumulates inside the scrotum. Hemoscrotum can follow trauma (such as a straddle injury) or can be a complication of surgery. It is often accompanied by testicular pain. It has been reported in patients with hemophilia and following catheterization of the femoral artery. If the diagnosis is not clinically evident, transillumination (with a penlight against the scrotum) will show a non-translucent fluid inside the scrotum. Ultrasound imaging may also be useful in confirming the

Hemarthrosis
haemarthrosis are associated with cartilage damage that can lead to progressive degenerative arthritis. Hemarthrosis Hemarthrosis (or haemarthrosis) is a bleeding into joint spaces. It is a common feature of Hemophilia. It usually follows injury but occurs mainly in patients with a predisposition to hemorrhage such as those being treated with warfarin (or other anticoagulants) and patients with hemophilia. It can be associated with knee joint arthroplasty. It has also been reported as a part of hemorrhagic syndrome in the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, suggesting a viral cause to the bleeding in a joint space. Hemarthrosis is diagnoised through the methods listed

"Tami Lynn"
Tami Lynn Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song ""I'm Gonna Run Away From You"". Lynn was discovered by Jerry Wexler in 1965 after hearing her sing at a talent show. Wexler had her record the Bert Berns penned and produced song, ""I'm Gonna Run Away From You"", for Atco Records, but the song was not released at the time, although it was released in the UK on Atlantic, AT.4071. She then sang backup for

1975 after being reissued, hitting number 36 the second time around. Another album was the 1992 CD, ""Tamiya Lynn"". ""Love Is Here and Now You're Gone"" was reissued on CD in 2005, by DBK Works. Tami Lynn Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song ""I'm Gonna Run Away From You"". Lynn was discovered by Jerry Wexler in 1965 after hearing her sing at a talent show. Wexler had her record the Bert Berns penned and

reached no. 19 on the UK Indie Chart. In Belgium, it was released on the independent record label, Les Disques Du Crepuscule. Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) ""Runnin' Away"" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, ""There's a Riot Goin' On"". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. ""Running Away"" was

"Toni Childs"
designed to break down taboos surrounding the female body. Toni Childs Toni Childs (born October 29, 1957) is an American-Australian singer-songwriter. She is best known for her songs ""Don't Walk Away"" (a ""Billboard"" Hot 100 hit in the United States in 1988), ""I've Got to Go Now"", a Top 5 hit in Australia in 1991, and the Emmy-winning ""Because You're Beautiful"" (released as a single in 2004, and featured on her 2008 album ""Keep the Faith""). In New Zealand she has had six Top 40 hit singles and three platinum albums. Childs was born in Orange, California, but lived in

Toni Childs Toni Childs (born October 29, 1957) is an American-Australian singer-songwriter. She is best known for her songs ""Don't Walk Away"" (a ""Billboard"" Hot 100 hit in the United States in 1988), ""I've Got to Go Now"", a Top 5 hit in Australia in 1991, and the Emmy-winning ""Because You're Beautiful"" (released as a single in 2004, and featured on her 2008 album ""Keep the Faith""). In New Zealand she has had six Top 40 hit singles and three platinum albums. Childs was born in Orange, California, but lived in Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma and Nevada during her childhood. Raised

"Running Scared (Roy Orbison song)"
Running Scared (Roy Orbison song) ""Running Scared"" is a song written by Roy Orbison and Joe Melson and sung by Orbison. An operatic rock ballad, the song was released as a 45rpm single by Monument Records in March 1961 and went to number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. ""Running Scared"" also reached No.9 in the UK Singles Chart. It sold over one million copies in the US alone. The song was included on Orbison's 1962 album ""Crying"" as the final track on the album. Noted for being a song written without a chorus, the song builds in the

"Walk Away (James Gang song)"
Walk Away (James Gang song) ""Walk Away"" is a song written by Joe Walsh and recorded by American hard rock band The James Gang, being featured as the first single off the group's studio album ""Thirds"" (1971). The song was a moderate success upon release, peaking at No. 51 on the Billboard Hot 100. ""Walk Away"" is a combination of hard rock and funk, with some influence from soul music. Walsh's guitar work incorporates different types of distortion, including slide guitar. The lyrics are about the ending of a relationship. The song peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot 100

concerts. Walk Away (James Gang song) ""Walk Away"" is a song written by Joe Walsh and recorded by American hard rock band The James Gang, being featured as the first single off the group's studio album ""Thirds"" (1971). The song was a moderate success upon release, peaking at No. 51 on the Billboard Hot 100. ""Walk Away"" is a combination of hard rock and funk, with some influence from soul music. Walsh's guitar work incorporates different types of distortion, including slide guitar. The lyrics are about the ending of a relationship. The song peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot

what kind of sentence contains an independent clause and a dependent clause

"Dependent clause"
Dependent clause A dependent clause is a clause that provides a sentence element with additional information, but which cannot stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause can either modify an adjacent clause or serve as a component of an independent clause. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause to refer only to adverbial dependent clauses. The different types of dependent clauses include content clauses (noun clauses), relative (adjectival) clauses, and adverbial clauses. In Indo-European languages, a dependent clause usually begins with a dependent word. One kind of dependent word is a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions are used to begin

"Dependent statement"
hath straitly given in charge ""that no man shall have private conference, of what degree soever, with his brother"" (Shakespeare). You shall confess ""that you are both deceived"" (Shakespeare). Dependent statement In grammar, a dependent statement is a statement converted into a noun clause, normally, in English, by the addition of ""that"" at the beginning, and made dependent on another clause (e.g. as subject or object). For example, the statement ""I had saved his brother"" appears as object of the verb ""knew"" in the following quotation: I would he knew ""that I had saved his brother!"" (Shakespeare). The statement ""They

"Adverbial clause"
Adverbial clause An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb; that is, the entire clause modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. As with all clauses, it contains a subject and predicate, although the subject as well as the (predicate) verb may sometimes be omitted and implied (see below). An adverbial clause is commonly, but not always, fronted by a subordinate conjunctionsometimes called a trigger word. (In the examples below the adverbial clause is italicized and the subordinate conjunction is bolded.) According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or

noun clause, as in A content clause, also known as a ""noun clause"", provides content implied or commented upon by its main clause. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some of the English words that introduce content clauses are ""that, who"" (and obsolete ""whom""), ""whoever"" (and obsolete ""whomever""), ""whether, why, what, how, when"", and ""where"". Notice that some of these words also introduce relative and adverbial clauses. A clause is a content clause if a pronoun (he, she, it, or they) could be substituted for it. Follow these examples:

disjuncts, which parts also perform in a sentence as adverbial phrases or as adverbial prepositional phrases (""Greenbaum"" and ""Quirk"",1990). Unlike clauses, phrases do not contain a subject and predicate; they are contrasted here: Adverbial clauses are divided into several groups according to the actions or senses of their conjunctions: Adverbial clause An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb; that is, the entire clause modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. As with all clauses, it contains a subject and predicate, although the subject as well as the (predicate) verb may sometimes be omitted and

verb form, which in linguistics is called deranked. For instance: In these cases, the subject of the dependent clause may take a non-nominative form. An example is: Dependent clause A dependent clause is a clause that provides a sentence element with additional information, but which cannot stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause can either modify an adjacent clause or serve as a component of an independent clause. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause to refer only to adverbial dependent clauses. The different types of dependent clauses include content clauses (noun clauses), relative (adjectival) clauses, and adverbial clauses.

is necessary to the meaning of the sentence: The word ""vegetables"" is non-specific. Accordingly, for the reader to know which are being mentioned, one must have the information provided in the adjective clause (in italics). Because it restricts the meaning of ""vegetable"", the adjective clause is called a restrictive clause. It is essential to the meaning of the main clause and uses no commas (and so does not experience a pause when spoken). However, if the additional information does not help to identify more narrowly the identity of the noun antecedent but rather simply provides further information about it, the

Examples: In English, in some instances the subordinator ""that"" can be omitted. Example 1: Example 2: In Indo-European languages, a relative clause, also called an adjectival clause or an adjective clause, meets three requirements: The adjective clause in English will follow one of these patterns: For a discussion of adjective clauses in languages other than English, see Relative clause#Examples. The punctuation of an adjective clause depends on whether it is essential (restrictive) or nonessential (non-restrictive) and uses commas accordingly. Essential clauses are not set off with commas; nonessential clauses are. An adjective clause is essential if the information it contains

Dependent statement In grammar, a dependent statement is a statement converted into a noun clause, normally, in English, by the addition of ""that"" at the beginning, and made dependent on another clause (e.g. as subject or object). For example, the statement ""I had saved his brother"" appears as object of the verb ""knew"" in the following quotation: I would he knew ""that I had saved his brother!"" (Shakespeare). The statement ""They were unprepared"" is made subject of ""is"" in the following: ""That they were unprepared"" is obvious. Further examples: Methoughts ""that I had broken from the Tower"" (Shakespeare). His majesty

"Dependent and independent verb forms"
, and prepositions combined with the relative pronoun (e.g. ""with which""). Where no such ""conjunct particle"" is present, the absolute endings are used. For example, ""he calls"" is [ˈgˠaɾʲɪđʲ] (absolute), while examples of conjunct forms are ' [Nʲi: ɣˠaɾʲ] ""he does not call"" and ' [ˌL̪ˠasˠəˈŋˠaɾʲ] ""with which he calls"". (An interpunct ""·"", hyphen ""-"", or colon "":"" is usually used to indicate conjunct forms in pedagogical and analytical works on Old Irish. Actual manuscripts do not use such punctuation marks.) When a particle is present, stress falls on the first syllable of the verb itself, i.e. the syllable after

C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia, a black head coach, Herman Boone, is hired to coach the school's football team. Boone is assigned to the coaching team under current coach Bill Yoast, nominated for the Virginia High School Hall of Fame. In an attempt to placate rising racial tensions and the fact that all other high schools are ""white"" only, Boone is assigned the head coach job. He refuses, believing it is unfair to Yoast, but relents after seeing what it means to the black community. Yoast is then offered an assistant coach's job by the school board and

initially refuses, but reconsiders after the white players pledge to boycott the team if he does not participate. Dismayed at the prospect of the students losing their chances at scholarships, Yoast changes his mind and takes up the position of defensive coordinator under Boone, to his daughter Sheryl's dismay. The black students have a meeting in the gymnasium in auditioning to play for the team until Boone arrives, but the meeting turns into a fiasco when Yoast and white students interrupt. On August 15, the players gather and journey to Gettysburg College, where their training camp takes place. As their

"Gregory Allen Howard"
Gregory Allen Howard Gregory Allen Howard (born 1962) is an American screenwriter best known for writing the screenplay for ""Remember the Titans"" (2000), a Disney movie about an undefeated high school football team credited with healing the racial divide in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1971. Gregory Allen Howard was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1962, but his family moved around often due to his stepfather's career in the Navy. Between the ages of five and 15, his family moved ten times, eventually settling in Vallejo, California. After attending college at Princeton University, graduating with a degree in American history, Howard briefly

Tubman biopic film ""Harriet"". Gregory Allen Howard Gregory Allen Howard (born 1962) is an American screenwriter best known for writing the screenplay for ""Remember the Titans"" (2000), a Disney movie about an undefeated high school football team credited with healing the racial divide in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1971. Gregory Allen Howard was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1962, but his family moved around often due to his stepfather's career in the Navy. Between the ages of five and 15, his family moved ten times, eventually settling in Vallejo, California. After attending college at Princeton University, graduating with a degree in

as in Atlanta, Georgia, including Henry Grady High School and Druid Hills High School which both filled in for T.C. Williams High School. As with any movie that is not a documentary film but is rather ""based on a true story"", it has strayed from the actual events that had occurred on many occasions to add new elements of teamwork, commitment, and friendship to the film. On September 19, 2000, the soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records. The film score was orchestrated by musician Trevor Rabin and features music composed by various artists. From the instrumental score, Rabin's track

Remember the Titans Remember the Titans is a 2000 American biographical sports drama film produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Boaz Yakin. The screenplay, written by Gregory Allen Howard, is based on the true story of African-American coach Herman Boone, portrayed by Denzel Washington, and his attempt to integrate the T. C. Williams High School football team in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1971. Will Patton portrays Bill Yoast, Boone's assistant coach. Real-life athletes Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell are portrayed by Ryan Hurst and Wood Harris, respectively. The film was co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films and

days of training camp progress, black and white football team members frequently clash in racially motivated conflicts, including some between captains Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell. But after forceful coaching and rigorous athletic training by Boone, which includes an early morning run to the Gettysburg cemetery, and a motivational speech, the team achieves racial harmony and success. After returning from football camp, Boone is told by a member of the school board that if he loses even a single game, he will be dismissed. Subsequently, the Titans go through the season undefeated while battling racial prejudice, before slowly gaining support

released by Buena Vista Pictures. On September 29, 2000, the film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records. It features songs by several recording artists including Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Hollies, Marvin Gaye, James Taylor, The Temptations, and Cat Stevens. ""Remember the Titans"" had a budget of $30 million and premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on September 29, 2000. It has grossed an estimated $115,654,751 in the U.S., and $136,706,683 worldwide. In the autumn of 1981, a group of former football coaches and players attend a funeral. Ten years earlier in July 1971, at the desegregated T.

to accompany the celebration and fireworks at Invesco Field after future president Barack Obama gave his nomination acceptance speech, and was also used immediately following his victory speech upon winning the 2008 Presidential Election. Following its release in theaters, the Region 1 widescreen and Pan and scan edition of the motion picture was released on DVD in the United States on March 20, 2001. A Special Edition widescreen format of the film was released on March 20, 2001, along with a widescreen Director's cut on March 14, 2006. A restored widescreen hi-definition Blu-ray version was released by Walt Disney Studios

"Aaron Hotchner"
he shares with Penelope Garcia. Former Media Communications Officer Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau has moved on to become an official full-time profiler. Hotchner requested to run the psych review on his team following Prentiss' ""death"". This request was granted by Strauss, and saw the different reactions from his team. Strauss questioned why he had not submitted a psych report for himself, he made an excuse. Hotch is also very protective of Spencer Reid, which is shown in small ways throughout the episodes. In the pilot episode ""Extreme Aggressor"", Hotch explains that they introduce him as Dr. Spencer Reid instead of Special

"Josh Stewart"
""Criminal Minds"" as Detective William LaMontagne, Jr., SSA Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau's boyfriend and later, husband. Stewart got his break when he was cast as Brendan Finney in the final season of the NBC series ""Third Watch"". As Finney, he played the son of IAB captain Cathal ""CT"" Finney. After ""Third Watch"" was cancelled, Stewart started filming a movie entitled ""Lenexa, 1 Mile"" (released on DVD as ""Full Count""), alongside William Baldwin, Michael Beach, Jennifer Hall, Timothy Ryan Hensel, Chris Klein, Austin Nichols, Jason Ritter, Michael Rooker, and Paul Wesley. This was also the directing debut of Jason Wiles. After filming

acted as the team's liaison with the media and local police agencies. Though talented and helpful, she was not actually a profiler, having once declined Unit Chief Aaron Hotchner's suggestion to take the necessary classes in behavioral analysis. She works mostly out of the confines of the police stations and field offices the team visits. However, she does accompany the team on raids, and is proficient with firearms. This is made particularly clear when JJ resolves a hostage situation inside the BAU by killing the hostage-taker, Jason Clark Battle, with a single shot (Battle is a serial perpetrator of hero

"The Unusuals"
account in mid-May 2009 that ABC would not be bringing the show back for a second season. Det. Casey Shraeger transfers from Vice to NYPD's Second Precinct with a mission: to clean up Sergeant Harvey Brown's station at his request. Her new partner is Jason Walsh, whose previous partner was murdered the same night Shraeger was assigned to him. Shraeger was chosen mostly because Brown believes her to be incorruptible, since she comes from a wealthy family and chose to work for the police from a sense of doing good, rather than for money. As soon as she meets her

Jennifer Jareau Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama ""Criminal Minds"", portrayed by A. J. Cook. During various episodes, Jareau has described growing up in a small town near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When she was eleven, her seventeen-year-old sister Rosaline committed suicide by cutting. Rosaline's death was a particularly painful topic for her and she initially chose not to tell her young son about Rosaline, until her mother Sandy reminded her that avoidance was not the solution to dealing with the pain. A high school athlete, Jareau graduated valedictorian from East Allegheny High School, where she

"A. J. Cook"
A. J. Cook Andrea Joy Cook (born July 22, 1978) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Supervisory Special Agent Jennifer ""JJ"" Jareau in the CBS crime drama ""Criminal Minds"". She has also appeared in films such as ""The Virgin Suicides"" (1999), ""Out Cold"" (2001), and ""Final Destination 2"" (2003). Cook was born in Oshawa, Ontario, and spent most of her life growing up in nearby Whitby, where she attended Anderson Collegiate Vocational Institute. She has three siblings: Nathan, Paul, and Angela. Cook was declared legally blind in the second grade because of a severe astigmatism, but

"Kima Greggs"
is able to get Kima transferred to Homicide. Kima and Lester are transferred into Jay Landsman's squad. She faces merciless teasing from her colleagues. She is further embarrassed when she is ordered to take over the Braddock case - an investigation of a murdered state's witness - because of political pressure to slow the investigation. A further indignity occurs when the story of the reassignment is leaked to the press and the original investigator, Ed Norris, is reassigned as the primary. Kima, Norris and Landsman are forced to attend a press conference intended to defuse the story with the facade

what is the most fundamental unit of life according to the cell theory

Cell (biology) The cell (from Latin ""cella"", meaning ""small room"") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the ""building blocks of life"". The study of cells is called cell biology. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans

the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means ""true kernel (nucleus)"". Other differences include: All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane that envelops the cell, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of the cell. Inside the membrane, the cytoplasm takes up most of the cell's volume. All cells (except red blood cells which lack a cell nucleus and most organelles to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin) possess DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins such as enzymes, the

specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions, analogous to the organs of the human body (such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function). Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have organelles, but prokaryotic organelles are generally simpler and are not membrane-bound. There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while others (such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes and lysosomes) can be numerous (hundreds to thousands). The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. Many cells also

"Cellular component"
Cellular component Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life. The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells. DNA is found in nearly all living cells; each cell carries chromosome(s) having a distinctive DNA sequence. Examples include macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, biomolecular complexes such as a ribosome, and structures such as membranes, and organelles. While the majority of cellular components are located within the cell itself, some may exist in extracellular

of the cell, adhesion of the leading edge and de-adhesion at the cell body and rear, and cytoskeletal contraction to pull the cell forward. Each step is driven by physical forces generated by unique segments of the cytoskeleton. Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to single-celled organisms. In complex multicellular organisms, cells specialize into different cell types that are adapted to particular functions. In mammals, major cell types include skin cells, muscle cells, neurons, blood cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and others. Cell types differ both in appearance and function, yet are genetically identical.

"Parks in Chennai"
260 parks in the city. In the following year, 200 new parks were proposed. Eighty-seven of these were opened in January 2014 and the rest are nearing completion as of July 2014. By December 2014, there were about 396 parks in the city. In July 2014, the Chennai Corporation identified more than 440 open space reserves (OSR) to create 100 new parks in the city. The Corporation hopes to have at least 560 parks in the city by March 2015. However, this number would still remain way lower than that of Delhi (1,500), Mumbai (1,300), Bangalore (721) and Hyderabad, India

"Protected areas of India"
72.61 % of Geographical area -0.002 Total Protected Areas (PAs) No.769 Area 162,099.47 km % of Geographical area -4.93 Source -ENVIS Centre , Wildlife institute of India, 2018 India has the following kinds of protected areas, in the sense of the word designated by IUCN: National parks (IUCN Category II): India's first national park was ""Hailey National Park"", now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1936. By 1970, India had 5 national parks; today it has 105 national parks. In terms of area, they encompassed a total 39,919 km²(15,413 sq mi), comprising 1.21% of India's total surface area. Wildlife sanctuaries

in the city are copper pod, Indian beech, neem, gulmohar, raintree, and tropical almond. The overall extent of open space in the city is 34.58 sq km. In all, the city has 121 species of trees belonging to 94 genera and 42 families. Teynampet zone remains the most diverse with 68 species, and Manali zone with just 38 species is the least. With 51 parks, Adyar remains the zone with the highest number of parks in the city, and Tiruvottiyur zone scores the least with only 4 parks. The share of Chennai's greenspace is dominated by the Guindy National Park,

(IUCN Category IV): India has 543 animal sanctuaries,covering about 1,16,800 Sq km(comprising around 4% of India's total surface area.) referred to as ""Wildlife Sanctuaries"". Among these, the 50 Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of the tiger. Latest tiger reserve is Singphan Tiger Reserve in Nagaland. Now, the number of Tiger Reserves in India is 30. Biosphere reserve (UNESCO designation roughly corresponding to IUCN Category V): The Indian government has also established Biosphere reserves, which protect larger areas of natural habitat, and often include one or more national parks and/or preserves,

"Rajaji National Park"
Rajaji National Park Rajaji National Park is an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas. The park is spread over 820 km., and three districts of Uttarakhand: Saharanpur, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal. In 1983, three wildlife sanctuaries in the area namely, Chilla, Motichur and Rajaji sanctuaries were merged into one. Rajaji National Park has been named after C. Rajagopalachari (""Rajaji""), a prominent leader of the Freedom Struggle, the second and last Governor-General of independent India and one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna (in 1954). Final

"Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh"
(volume of timber / wood) is 50,000,000 m valued worth Rs 2.5 lakh Crores. Madhya Pradesh is home to 9 National Parks, including Bandhavgarh National Park, Kanha National Park, Satpura National Park, Sanjay National Park, Madhav National Park, Van Vihar National Park, Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, Panna National Park, and Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh. There are also a number of natural preserves, including Amarkantak, Patalkot, Bagh Caves, Bhedaghat, Bori Natural Reserve, Ken Gharial, Ghatigaon, Kuno Palpur, Narwar, Chambal, Kukdeshwar, Narsinghgarh, Nora Dehi, Pachmarhi, Panpatha, Shikarganj, and Tamia. There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an

"Natural vegetation and wildlife of Andhra Pradesh"
where shrub vegetation is more common. The varied diversity of fauna includes tigers, panthers, hyenas, black bucks, cheetals, sambars, and sea turtles. The dense forests in mountains offers habitat to the wildlife. The state government declared certain areas as wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. Indira Gandhi Zoological Park is located in Visakhapatnam. It is one of the largest zoos of India, spread over an area of . It was named after Indira Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India and was opened in 1977. There are eighty species with 800 animals. Hippopotamus and crocodiles are the special animals conserved. Kambalakonda

with an area of 2.71 sq km, which covers a vast area south of the Adyar River. As of December 2014, the city had about 396 parks. Until 2011, the seven zones of the old corporation limits had about 260 public parks, 154 traffic islands and 103 centre median parks, maintained by the parks department of the Corporation of Chennai, many of which suffer poor maintenance. Public parks include 88 notified parks, 73 park sites in extended areas, and more than 100 open spaces that have been earmarked for recreation purposes. The eight zones in the newly added areas of

the city have about 265 locations that have been identified for development of new parks. The largest among the parks in the city is the 358-acre Tholkappia Poonga, developed to restore the fragile ecosystem of the Adyar estuary. Chennai's greenspace is further augmented by a network of open spaces containing forests, prairies, wetlands, canals, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas along the city's periphery. In pre-Independence days, the ceiling on the number of permanent workers for maintenance of city parks was fixed at 350. This has not been revised till date. Until 2011, there had been

"Simlipal National Park"
medicinal and aromatic plants, which provide a source of earnings for the tribal people. Eucalyptus, planted by the British during the 1900s, are found. A total of 42 species of mammals, 242 species of birds and 30 species of reptiles have been recorded in Simlipal National Park. The major mammals include tiger, leopard, Asian elephant, sambar, barking deer, gaur, jungle cat, wild boar, chausingha (four horned antelope), giant squirrel and common langur. 231 species of birds nest in these forests. Red junglefowl, hill mynah, peafowl, Alexandrine parakeet, crested serpent eagle are the commonly found birds. The grey hornbill, Indian pied

"Wake in Fright"
would continue to have a successful career as a director. His later films included ""The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz"" (1973), ""Fun with Dick and Jane"" (1977), ""First Blood"" (1982) and ""Weekend at Bernie's"" (1988). The shooting of ""Wake in Fright"" began in January 1970 in the mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi. It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart

"Wake (cancelled film)"
the role of Claire Forrester, the dead man's widow who is also a Red's former lover. Cameron Monaghan and Ellen Burstyn would also be starring in the film. Principal photography began on February 16, 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio. The whole film was to be shot in Northeast Ohio and filming was intended to end on April 17, 2015. On February 26, 2015, ""Deadline"" revealed that the production on the film had shut down due to financial problems, and Benaroya Pictures confirmed that they were working quickly to get help to resume the principal photography in approximately 2-3 weeks. On April

"Wake in Fright (miniseries)"
stupid idea"". He changed his mind and accepted the role after expressing satisfaction with the script, adding that ""Very few people after my generation will ever see that film. That's what made me turn 180 degrees. I thought, 'Why not give people the opportunity to access this story? Why am I being so snooty about it?'"" Principal photography for ""Wake in Fright"" took place in Broken Hill and Sydney. Beginning on March 5, 2017, the shoot lasted five weeks. Network Ten released the first trailer for ""Wake in Fright"" on July 25, 2017, followed by a second on September 17.

Wake in Fright Wake in Fright (initially released as Outback outside Australia) is a 1971 psychological thriller film directed by Ted Kotcheff, written by Evan Jones and starring Gary Bond, Donald Pleasence, Chips Rafferty, Sylvia Kay and Jack Thompson. Based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, the film follows a young schoolteacher from Sydney who descends into personal moral degradation after finding himself stranded in a brutal, menacing town in outback Australia. Filmed on location in Broken Hill and Sydney, ""Wake in Fright"" was an Australian-American co-production between NLT Productions and Westinghouse Broadcasting. Alongside ""Walkabout"", it was

attack prior to ""Wake in Fright""s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members. Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for the Yabba, in 1909. The world premiere of ""Wake in Fright"" (as ""Outback"") occurred at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival, held in May. Ted Kotcheff was nominated for a Golden Palm Award. The film opened commercially in France on 22 July 1971, Great Britain on 29 October 1971, Australia during the same month and the United States on 20

shown to the general public for the first time at the Sydney Film Festival in June 2009, and in re-release has been called ""a classic Australian film which has achieved cult status"". Network Ten premiered a two-part miniseries based on the novel on October 8, 2017. Wake in Fright Wake in Fright (initially released as Outback outside Australia) is a 1971 psychological thriller film directed by Ted Kotcheff, written by Evan Jones and starring Gary Bond, Donald Pleasence, Chips Rafferty, Sylvia Kay and Jack Thompson. Based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, the film follows a young

29. The DVD includes a 10-minute behind-the-scenes featurette containing brief interviews with key cast and crew members. Wake in Fright (miniseries) Wake in Fright is an Australian miniseries based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, which first aired on Network Ten in October 2017. Directed by Kriv Stenders and written by Stephen M. Irwin, the series features an ensemble cast that includes Sean Keenan, Alex Dimitriades, Caren Pistorius, David Wenham, Anna Samson, Gary Sweet and Robyn Malcolm. It is the second filmed adaptation of Cook's novel, following Ted Kotcheff's 1971 film version. As with earlier versions of

original film had also adapted the kangaroo hunt as a pig hunt, but this was changed back to the former during filming. Ted Kotcheff, the director of the 1971 film, initially expressed surprise that another adaptation of Cook's novel was being made, questioning ""What are they going to do, use the book and make a serial? Is there something missing from the film?"" Following this comment, Kotcheff asked to give Stenders his ""congratulations and best wishes"". On March 4, 2017, the lead cast of ""Wake in Fright"" - Sean Keenan, David Wenham, Alex Dimitriades, Gary Sweet, Caren Pistorius, Robyn Malcolm,

Wake in Fright (miniseries) Wake in Fright is an Australian miniseries based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, which first aired on Network Ten in October 2017. Directed by Kriv Stenders and written by Stephen M. Irwin, the series features an ensemble cast that includes Sean Keenan, Alex Dimitriades, Caren Pistorius, David Wenham, Anna Samson, Gary Sweet and Robyn Malcolm. It is the second filmed adaptation of Cook's novel, following Ted Kotcheff's 1971 film version. As with earlier versions of the story, the series depicts the psychological journey of John Grant, a schoolteacher who has been marooned

in an isolated outback town. Although it occasionally makes closer references to the novel than the film, the overall story was largely reworked for the series to fit a contemporary setting. John Grant is a young schoolteacher stationed in Tiboonda, an isolated ""dry-town"" in the outback. After finishing the school year in time for the Christmas holidays, he begins driving to Sydney to take up a new teaching position at Neutral Bay, as well as seemingly get married to his girlfriend Robyn. John's car is damaged when it collides with a kangaroo, forcing him to take a stopover in the

in nickel–cadmium batteries and cadmium telluride solar panels, the use of cadmium is generally decreasing. These declines have been due to competing technologies, cadmium's toxicity in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations. Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible other metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two. Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores, as a new

number increases in the alkali metals, for it is more reactive than potassium, but less so than caesium. In addition, both potassium and rubidium yield almost the same hue when ignited, so researchers must use different methods to differentiate between these two 1st group elements. Rubidium is very susceptible to oxidation in air, similar to most of the other alkali metals, so it readily transforms into rubidium oxide, a yellow solid with the chemical formula RbO. Strontium is the second element placed in the 5th period. It is an alkaline earth metal, a relatively reactive group, although not nearly as

Period 5 element A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or ""period"") of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their

40. The name of zirconium is taken from the mineral ""zircon"". Its atomic mass is 91.224. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although minor amounts are used as alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium is obtained mainly from the mineral zircon, which is the most important form of zirconium in use. Zirconium forms a variety of inorganic and organometallic compounds such as zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride, respectively. Five isotopes occur naturally, three of which are stable. Zirconium compounds have no biological role.

and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named

(""Em""). In 1937 technetium (specifically the technetium-97 isotope) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek , meaning ""artificial""). Its short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer—technetium-99m—is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of diagnostic tests. Technetium-99 is used as a gamma ray-free source of beta particles. Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are by-products of fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and are extracted from nuclear fuel rods. Because no isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than 4.2 million years (technetium-98), its detection in red giants in 1952, which are billions of

4d, and 5p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as rhodium. This period contains technetium, one of the two elements until lead that has no stable isotopes (along with promethium), as well as molybdenum and iodine, two of the heaviest elements with a known biological role, and Niobium has the largest magnetic known penetration depth of all the elements. Zirconium is one of the main components of zircon crystals, currently the oldest known minerals in the earth's crust. Many later transition metals, such as rhodium, are very commonly used in jewelry due to the fact that they

be colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin ""Molybdaenum"", from Ancient Greek , meaning ""lead"", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in

"The Five Ages of the Universe"
the ""n cosmological decade,"" meaning 10 years after the Big Bang. In what follows, n refers to the cosmological decade. The Primordial Era is defined as ""−50 < n < 5"". In this era, the Big Bang, the subsequent inflation, and Big Bang nucleosynthesis are thought to have taken place. Toward the end of this age, the recombination of electrons with nuclei made the universe transparent for the first time. The authors discuss the horizon and flatness problems. The Stelliferous Era, is defined as, ""6 < n < 14"". This is the current era, in which matter is arranged in

"Slip (cricket)"
field where the slip cordon stands, or n slip used specifically to refer to one slip fielder's position—e.g., a ball may be described as being edged through third slip if it goes where a third slip would otherwise have been. With the most number of catches in test cricket, former Indian captain Rahul Dravid is considered one the greatest slip fielders of all time. Mark Waugh would probably be considered the best of all time, with other brilliant exponents of the craft including Brian Lara, Sunil Gavaskar, Shane Warne, Michael Clarke, Sir Garfield Sobers, Bobby Simpson, Ian Chappell, Jacques Kallis,

"Pairs in Test and first-class cricket"
opening bat Hamilton Masakadza completed an unusual pair when he was dismissed for a Test duck twice on the same day, 28 January 2012, when his team's two innings were completed within a day. Another notable pair was made by Neil Harvey on 27 July 1956. Playing in the test where Jim Laker took 19 for 90, Harvey completed a pair within about 2 hours on the second day. In limited overs games decided by a Super Over, it is possible for a batsman to be dismissed for a duck in both the regular innings and the super over. Since

are called for. England used seven slips in the first Test against West Indies in Jamaica in 2004; Australia went further and used the maximum of nine slips against Zimbabwe's lower order batsmen in a One Day International in 2001 (the two non-slips fieldsmen in this example were the wicket-keeper and the bowler). A fielder in the equivalent position on the on side of the wicket-keeper is known as a leg slip; this is considerably less common than the off-side slip, and for a team to employ more than one leg slip is highly unusual. It is illegal, under Law

"Batting (cricket)"
The shot was pioneered by Kevin Pietersen, first performed off the bowling of Muttiah Muralitharan in England's 2006 home series against Sri Lanka. It was subsequently used in the New Zealand series in England in 2008 when Pietersen performed the shot twice in the same over against Scott Styris on his way to making an unbeaten century. David Warner, the Australian opening batsman, is also a frequent user of the switch hit and used it to great effect against the Indian off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin in the first Twenty20 of the Indian cricket team's tour to Australia 2012. He is also

Follow-on
Indian captain Virat Kohli had the option to enforce the follow-on, but declined: The number of runs by which a team must lead to enforce the follow-on upon its opponent is determined by Law 14 of the Laws of cricket, which takes the length of the match into consideration: Where a match is shortened, the leads required to have the option of enforcing the follow-on are determined by how many days' (or part-days') play remain when the match starts. For example, suppose a match is scheduled for five days, but the first day is washed out because of rain. If

"Substitute (cricket)"
A substitute is permitted to take catches as with any other fielder, and on some occasions does. The first occasion in Test cricket was in the Test between England and Australia in 1884, when Australia's captain, Billy Murdoch, took a catch from his teammate Tup Scott while playing as a substitute for England. The highest number of catches by a substitute fielder in a Test match is four, a record shared by Gursharan Singh, Younis Khan, Virender Sehwag, and Jackson Bird. However, substitute fielders' catches do not count towards individual stats. In recent years, there have been arguments made for

been dismissed for four pairs of ducks in Tests. Four are bowlers with no great pretensions towards batsmanship – Bhagwat Chandrasekhar of India, Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka and West Indians Mervyn Dillon and Courtney Walsh – but the fifth is top order batsman Marvan Atapattu of Sri Lanka. He started his Test career with just one run in six innings – including two pairs – and has bagged two more since. The 14 men who have collected three pairs include Glenn McGrath, Curtly Ambrose and Andrew Flintoff. As of 14 May 2018, 44 batsmen have been dismissed for a

"Comparison of baseball and cricket"
the offence is repeated. A notable such case was between Waqar Younis and Andrew Symonds: Younis was banned from bowling by umpire David Shepherd for delivering a beamer to Symonds in a match between Pakistan and Australia at the 2003 World Cup; it was the first of only two times it's ever happened during an international match. There is a major difference in the way in which different bowlers or pitchers contribute to a single game. In baseball, a single pitcher starts the game, and makes every pitch until the manager replaces the tiring pitcher with a relief pitcher. Replaced

Brian McMillan, Mark Taylor, Ricky Ponting, VVS Laxman , Mahela Jayawardene, Stephen Fleming, Younis Khan and Matthew Hayden. The gully fielder is an extension of the line of slips and fields almost square to the batsman; gully is also the name given to that area of the field. A fielder standing in gully would be standing on the imaginary straight line that extends from the on-side corner of batter's popping crease to middle stump towards the slip cordon. The position of ""gully"" was invented in the 1880s by Arthur Jones, who later became England captain, at Bedford Modern School in

"DNA synthesis"
artificially stimulate the replication of naturally occurring DNA, or to create artificial gene sequences. The process of DNA replication occurs typically as part of cell division, during interphase. A polymerase chain reaction is a form of enzymatic DNA synthesis in the laboratory, using cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. Artificial gene synthesis is the process of synthesizing a gene ""in vitro"" without the need for initial template DNA samples. In 2010 J. Craig Venter and his team were the first to use entirely synthesized DNA to create a

DNA synthesis DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis (""in vivo"" DNA amplification), polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis (""in vitro"" DNA amplification) or gene synthesis - physically creating artificial gene sequences. In nature, DNA molecules are created by all living cells through the process of DNA replication, with replication initiator proteins splitting the cell's DNA and copying each split strand, with the copied strands then joining together with their template strand into a new DNA molecule. Various means exist to

self-replicating microbe, dubbed Mycoplasma laboratorium. Twist Bioscience developed a silicon-based manufacturing process to industrialize the production of synthetic DNA. By synthesizing DNA on silicon instead of on traditional plastic plates, cost-effective, high-quality synthesis of genes, gene fragments, oligo pools and variant libraries (groups of gene sequences) for antibody and protein engineering, as well as consumable products for next-generation sequencing is enabled. Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of sequences of nucleic acids. The process has been automated since the late 1970s and can be used to form desired genetic sequences as well as for other uses in medicine and molecular

"DNA replication"
strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed ""in vitro"" (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) are examples. DNA exists as a double-stranded structure, with both strands coiled together to form the characteristic double-helix. Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotides. Nucleotides in

biology. New nucleobase pairs can also be synthesized, A-T (adenine - thymine) and G-C (guanine - cytosine). A third base pair would expand the number of amino acids that can be encoded by DNA from the existing 20 amino acids to a possible 172. DNA synthesis DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis (""in vivo"" DNA amplification), polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis (""in vitro"" DNA amplification) or gene synthesis - physically creating artificial gene sequences. In nature, DNA molecules are

the new helix will be composed of an original DNA strand as well as a newly synthesized strand. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as helicase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new

"De novo synthesis"
beginning."" ""De novo"" pathways of nucleotides do not use free bases: adenine (abbreviated as A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), or uracil (U). The purine ring is built up one atom or a few atoms at a time and attached to ribose throughout the process. Pyrimidine ring is synthesized as orotate and attached to ribose phosphate and later converted to common pyrimidine nucleotides. ""De novo"" DNA synthesis is DNA replication without the need for precursor template DNA. It's also referred to as artificial gene synthesis. Primase is an RNA polymerase, and it can add a primer to an existing

strand is synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction—this is often confused). Four distinct mechanisms for DNA synthesis are recognized: The first is the best known of these mechanisms and is used by the cellular organisms. In this mechanism, once the two strands are separated, primase adds RNA primers to the template strands. The leading strand receives one RNA primer while the lagging strand receives several. The leading strand is continuously extended from the primer by a DNA polymerase with high processivity, while the lagging strand is extended discontinuously from each primer forming Okazaki fragments. RNase removes the primer RNA

phage T4 DNA elongation in phage-infected ""E. coli"". During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37 °C, the rate was 749 nucleotides per second. The mutation rate per base pair per replication during phage T4 DNA synthesis is 1.7 per 10. DNA replication, like all biological polymerization processes, proceeds in three enzymatically catalyzed and coordinated steps: initiation, elongation and termination. For a cell to divide, it must first replicate its DNA. This process is initiated at particular points in the DNA, known as ""origins"", which are targeted by initiator proteins. In ""E. coli"" this protein is DnaA; in yeast,

the template DNA and initiates synthesis of a short complementary RNA primer. A DNA polymerase extends the primed segments, forming Okazaki fragments. The RNA primers are then removed and replaced with DNA, and the fragments of DNA are joined together by DNA ligase. As helicase unwinds DNA at the replication fork, the DNA ahead is forced to rotate. This process results in a build-up of twists in the DNA ahead. This build-up forms a torsional resistance that would eventually halt the progress of the replication fork. Topoisomerases are enzymes that temporarily break the strands of DNA, relieving the tension caused

"Above Suspicion (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit)"
total viewers and received a 2.1/6% share in the 18–49 age demographic, up slightly from the season thirteen finale. The murder case against Captain Cragen (Dann Florek) sets in motion as more evidence accumulates suggesting Cragen had killed Carissa Gibson (Pippa Black). Delia Wilson (Brooke Smith) and her attorney meet with Detective Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and (Paget Brewster) and blames Cragen for Carissa's death, saying Cragen saw more of her girls. Believing otherwise, Benson goes to see Cragen at Riker's, where he admits to using the escort service after realizing how lonely he was during his last year. Meanwhile, Detective

"Dann Florek"
Arts and an honorary Doctorate of Arts (on December 13, 2008, and December 14, 2008, respectively) from Eastern Michigan University, presented to him by President Susan Martin and the EMU Board of Regents. During the latter event, Florek was the head speaker at the school's winter 2008 commencement ceremony. Dann Florek Ezekial Dann Florek (born May 1, 1950) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as New York City Police Captain Donald Cragen on NBC's ""Law & Order"" and its spinoff """". Born Ezekial Dann Florek in Flat Rock, Michigan, the son of Leonard

a movie, a three-act movie."" Including the guest stars from the finale, ""Rhodium Nights"", Paget Brewster was first cast in the season premiere openers as , who is the prosecutor on the murder case against Cragen. Brewster hires the SVU squad's interim captain, , portrayed by Adam Baldwin. Sue Simmons plays herself in this episode. Leight said, ""It’s a big scandal within the world we’ve created, there’s a dead hooker in the captain’s bed, and we go to a newscaster to help us understand the story,"" said show runner/executive producer Warren Leight, ""Sue opens the episode doing a news standup

"Chicago Justice"
exited the show on July 7, 2016, to join the cast of the CBS police procedural drama ""Ransom"". On August 25, 2016, Monica Barbaro was added to the cast. On September 28, it was reported that Jon Seda's character Antonio Dawson would move from ""P.D."" to ""Justice"", where Antonio would become an investigator for the State's Attorney's office. With this move, Hatanaka departed the series. Richard Brooks reprised his ""Law & Order"" role of Paul Robinette in the episode ""Uncertainty Principle"". Tovah Feldshuh appeared on the premiere episode as her ""Law & Order"" character Danielle Melnick who has become a

"Jaime Lee Kirchner"
but the series never aired. In 2016, she was cast in the role of Investigator Danny James on the CBS legal drama ""Bull"". Jaime Lee Kirchner Jaime Lee Kirchner (born August 23, 1981) is an American actress, dancer and singer, known for her roles on television. Kirchner was born in Germany but was raised in Clarksville, Tennessee. She attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in New York. She made her stage debut in the role of Mimi Marquez in the international and Broadway productions of musical ""Rent"" in 2005. Before acting, she appeared as a dancer in

Cassidy (Dean Winters) continues his work deep undercover in Bart Ganzel's (Peter Jacobson) prostitution ring. After discovering a bug in his home, Ganzel wonders whether Cassidy, the police, or Delia planted it. Ganzel then arranges to have Cassidy murdered using two rookie cops on his payroll. Benson is frustrated by her new captain, (Adam Baldwin) and Internal Affairs, trying to investigate a good undercover cop versus two rookies. Benson and ADA Foster turn Ganzel's attorney (Reg E. Cathey) against him by playing taped recordings of Ganzel criticizing him behind his back. Benson learns that Ganzel isn't the only one involved

"Jill Hennessy"
wrote the song ""The Ballad of Jill Hennessy"" in honor of the actress. Hennessy was reportedly very pleased and offered to perform with the band on rhythm guitar. Jill Hennessy Jillian Noel Hennessy (born November 25, 1968) is a Canadian actress and musician. She is most known for her roles on the American television series ""Law & Order"", on which she played prosecutor Claire Kincaid for three seasons, and ""Crossing Jordan"", on which she played the lead character, Jordan Cavanaugh, for six seasons. She has also acted in films such as ""RoboCop 3"" and ""Most Wanted"", and the independent films

"Jeremy Sisto"
13, 2009 at New York City Hall. On March 9, 2012, the couple welcomed their second child, a son named Sebastian Kick Sisto. The family resides in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles. Jeremy Sisto Jeremy Merton Sisto (born October 6, 1974) is an American actor, producer, and writer. Sisto had recurring roles as Billy Chenowith in HBO's ""Six Feet Under"" and as NYPD Detective Cyrus Lupo in NBC's ""Law & Order"". He also starred in the comedy ""Clueless"" (1995), the biblical television film ""Jesus"" (1999), the drama ""Thirteen"" (2003), and the horror film ""Wrong Turn"" (2003). In 2004, he portrayed bigoted

"Hector (ship)"
between 1815 and 1870. Her famous voyage took place in 1773 with a departure date around the second week of July, carrying 189 Highlanders who were immigrating to Nova Scotia. The vessel's owner, Mr. John Pagan, along with Dr. John Witherspoon, purchased three shares of land near Pictou, Nova Scotia. Pagan and Witherspoon hired John Ross as a recruiting agent for settlers willing to emigrate to Pictou with an offer of free passage, 1 year of free provisions, and a farm. The settlers (23 families, 25 single men) were recruited at Greenock Renfrewshire and at Lochbroom (Ross-shire) with the majority

being from Lochbroom. The settlers that boarded ""Hector"" were poor, ""obscure, illiterate crofters and artisans from Northern [Scotland], who spoke Gaelic."" The school teacher, William McKenzie was one of the few passengers on the ""Hector"" to speak both Gaelic and English. ""Hector"" was an old ship and in poor condition when she left Europe. The arduous voyage to Pictou took 11 weeks, with a gale off Newfoundland causing a 14-day delay. Dysentery and smallpox claimed 18 lives amongst the passengers. The vessel arrived in Pictou Harbour on September 15, landing at Brown's Point, immediately west of the present-day town of

the Pictou waterfront in the ensuing years. The marine architect firm J.B. McGuire Marine Associates Ltd. was commissioned to research the particulars of the original ""Hector"" and to develop blueprints for an accurate replica. Scotia Trawlers of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia were commissioned to complete phase one and two of the construction at the Hector Heritage Quay, which allowed visitors to the Pictou waterfront to observe the ship's progress, making it an important local attraction. After several years of construction, the replica ""Hector"" was launched with great fanfare and media coverage on September 17, 2000. The date had been delayed due

Hector (ship) Hector was a ship famous for having been part of the first significant migration of Scottish settlers to Nova Scotia in 1773. The replica of the original ship is located at the Hector Heritage Quay, a heritage centre run by local volunteers, in Pictou. A full rigged Fluyt, ""Hector"" (built in the Netherlands before 1750) was employed in local trade in waters off the British Isles as well as the immigrant trade to North America, having made at least one trip c. 1770 carrying Scottish emigrants to Boston, Massachusetts. In 1762 the earliest of the ""Fuadaich nan Gàidheal""

(Scottish Highland Clearances) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on ""St.-John's Island"" (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774. In 1773 a ship named ""The Hector"" landed in Pictou, Nova Scotia, with 189 settlers, mostly originating from Lochbroom. In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement – a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island – was repealed, and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking. It is estimated more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers emigrated to Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island

"Hector McNeill"
Indians allied with the French in Passamaquoddy Bay and taken north to Quebec as a prisoner. After a prisoner exchange he was able to acquire another ship and worked in the New England coastal trade. After the war he continued sailing a number of merchant ships between Quebec and Boston, including the sloop ""Phonix"" with a large number of passengers in April, 1765 and the sloop ""Fanny and Jeany"" in November 1766. He also commanded the sloop Brtittania"" and ""Swallow"" in 1767 and 1768 respectively. Mcneill's first wife died on February 7, 1769. He remarried on December 26, 1770 to

on June 15 and installed as its third-ranking captain. He was given command of the new frigate which was outfitted at Newburyport, Massachusetts. After a year preparing the ship to be battle-worthy and finding a crew, the ""Boston"" joined another new frigate the to form a squadron under the command of the Navy's second ranking officer Captain John Manley. Personality conflicts often arose between McNeill and Manley, in part due to the scarcity of supplies and available crew. On May 21, 1777 the squadron fought in the Grand Banks. On June 8, 1777 they captured . During the 90 minute

to poor weather on the 16th. The Quay, opened May to October, offers a three-story interpretive centre, along with blacksmith, carpentry, and rigger shops. Year built: before 1750<br> Location: Netherlands<br> Deck length overall: 25.9 m (85 ft)<br> Beam: 6.7 m (22 ft)<br> Gross tonnage: 200<br> Number of masts: 3<br> Owner: Mr. John Pagan, a merchant in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland Hector (ship) Hector was a ship famous for having been part of the first significant migration of Scottish settlers to Nova Scotia in 1773. The replica of the original ship is located at the Hector Heritage Quay, a heritage centre run

"Hector (1784 ship)"
about a French invasion and were making anti-invasion preparations. Still, Nash sailed ""Pandour"" for the Leeward Islands immediately after commissioning her. On the morning of 13 March 1804, ""Fort Diamond"", the tender to ""Diamond Rock"", captured the French 10-gun privateer schooner , which had anchored close to the shore under a battery at Ceron, outside the port of Saint-Pierre, Martinique. The capture took place with the cooperation of and ""Pandour"", which sent two boats each that created a diversion. The Navy took ""Mosambique"" into service under her existing name. On 24 April Commodore Samuel Hood's squadron captured the Dutch colony

"MV Juno (1974)"
as they could berth and depart far quicker than many of the smaller vessels at the time. They would later become affectionately known as the three ""streakers"" after the arrival of in 1977. ""Juno"" spent much of her first decade on the Gourock-Dunoon run, replacing the much smaller . In 1981, the then Secretary of State for Scotland offered the rival firm on the Hunter's Quay-Mclnroy's Point route, Western Ferries, a grant to buy an additional vessel to provide a frequent, high speed passenger-only service from Gourock to Dunoon. At this point, Calmac considered the termination of their route. This

"Mom (TV series)"
sober and attending Alcoholics Anonymous. It stars Anna Faris and Allison Janney in the leading roles. Mimi Kennedy, Jaime Pressly, Beth Hall, William Fichtner, Sadie Calvano, Matt L. Jones, Blake Garrett Rosenthal, Spencer Daniels, Nate Corddry, French Stewart, and Kristen Johnston appear in supporting roles. The show is filmed in front of a live audience and is produced by Warner Bros. Television and Chuck Lorre Productions. ""Mom"" has received acclaim from critics and audiences alike throughout its run, with major credit being given to its writing and its performances (with Janney's performance noted in particular). It has been applauded for

"Mom (season 5)"
her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney), who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict. Other prominent characters in the series include the wise Marjorie (Mimi Kennedy), the wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill (Jaime Pressly), the overly emotional Wendy (Beth Hall) and Bonnie's boyfriend, Adam Janikowski, who uses a wheelchair (William Fichtner). The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode. Jaime Pressly was absent from a few episodes due to her maternity leave. Season five of ""Mom"" aired Thursdays in the United States at 9:00 p.m. after ""Young Sheldon"". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Mom (season

Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015 and being nominated in 2016 and for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017 and 2018. It has also garnered multiple nominations at the Critics' Choice Television Awards and the People's Choice Awards during its run. ""Mom"" follows Christy Plunkett (Anna Faris), a single mother who, after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug abuse, decides to restart her life in Napa, California, working as a waitress and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney) is also a recovering addict. Christy's

AA, while the restaurant set, the kids, and Baxter roles were reduced significantly. The series gives Faris, who had guest-starred in various television programs between her film projects and been sought after for other television projects (including a failed pilot called ""Blue Skies"" that was being produced for NBC), her first full-time television role, as she landed the part of the lead character, Christy, in January 2013. On January 28, 2013, Janney was next to come aboard the project, playing Christy's mother. Matt Jones and Spencer Daniels were added to the cast in February 2013, with Jones playing Christy's ex-husband,

"The Moms"
of the characters Liz Lemon, Jenna Maroney, Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander), and Jack Donaghy, respectively. John Lutz appears as the mother of his character, ""TGS"" writer J.D. Lutz, but it is unclear whether this is portrayed as a casting joke on the part of ""30 Rock"" or whether the character of Lutz is impersonating his own mother within the show. In addition, actress Novella Nelson guest starred as herself as Tracy Jordan's fake ""mother"" for the first time. Former astronaut Buzz Aldrin played himself in the episode as it is revealed that he was in a relationship with Liz's mother.

"A Mom for Christmas"
(Juliet Sorci), whose mother died when she was three years old. Her father, Jim (Doug Sheehan), is a workaholic with little time for his daughter and hasn't been able to spend time with her since her mother's death 8 years prior and still seems to be mourning her. Just before the Christmas holiday season, Jessica wins a free wish from a wishing well. Her wish for a mother for Christmas is granted by Philomena (Doris Roberts) and Amy Miller (Olivia Newton-John), a department store mannequin, is brought to life to be a mom for Jessica. However, there is a catch

"Mom (season 4)"
with her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney), who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict. Other prominent characters in the series include the wise Marjorie (Mimi Kennedy), the wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill (Jaime Pressly) and the overly emotional Wendy (Beth Hall). William Fichtner, who plays Bonnie's boyfriend Adam Janikowski, was upgraded to series regular status for this season. The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode. Season four of ""Mom"" aired Thursdays in the United States at 9:00 p.m. after ""The Great Indoors"". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Mom (season 4) The fourth season

"Mom and Dad"
by Griffin, she has sex with him. The girl requests ""hygiene books"" from her mother Sarah Blake (Lois Austin); however, the mother refuses because the girl is not yet married. The girl later learns from her father Dan Blake (George Eldredge) that the pilot has died in a crash. She tears up a letter she had been writing to him, and lowers her head as the film fades into intermission. The film resumes at the point when the girl discovers that her clothes no longer fit, sending her into a state of despair. She takes advice from her teacher, Carl

"The Moms"
the 18–49 demographic. For her performance in this episode, Elaine Stritch received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey), the head writer of the ""TGS with Tracy Jordan"" show, brings her boss Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) a budget approval on the show's planned Mother's Day episode by gathering around its cast and staff mothers. Liz reminds Jack that Mother's Day is coming up, prompting Jack to realize he forgot to send his mother Colleen Donaghy (Elaine Stritch) flowers and informs his office assistant Jonathan (Maulik Pancholy) to

"The Moms"
the fictitious show ""The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan"" (""TGS"") celebrate the Mother's Day holiday by having the mothers of its cast and staff (Bruguera, Gillette, Hooks, LuPone, Nelson, and Stritch) visit. Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) must deal with a visit from his mother Colleen Donaghy (Stritch) who begins to meddle in his relationships with Avery Jessup (Banks) and Nancy Donovan (Julianne Moore). ""The Moms"" received generally positive reviews from television critics. According to the Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 5.420 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 2.6 rating/7 share among viewers in

"The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)"
The Joker (Steve Miller Band song) ""The Joker"" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album ""The Joker"". It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word ""pompatus"". The song topped the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in early 1974. More than 16 years later, in September 1990, it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in ""Great Deal"", a Hugh Johnson-directed television advertisement for Levi's, thus holding the record for the longest gap between transatlantic chart-toppers. This reissue of ""The Joker"" also topped the

– live version) 7"" single (1990) 12"" maxi (1990) CD maxi (1990) The Joker (Steve Miller Band song) ""The Joker"" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album ""The Joker"". It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word ""pompatus"". The song topped the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in early 1974. More than 16 years later, in September 1990, it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in ""Great Deal"", a Hugh Johnson-directed television advertisement for Levi's, thus holding the record for the longest

"Eddie Curtis"
Eddie Curtis Memphis Edward ""Eddie"" Curtis, Jr. (17 July 1927 – 22 August 1983) was an American songwriter, born in Galveston, Texas. He is credited as a co-writer along with Steve Miller and Ahmet Ertegun for ""The Joker"" by the Steve Miller Band, which became a U.S. number one single on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for the week of January 12, 1974 and U.K. No.1 single in 1990. ""The Joker"" used a line from Curtis's song, ""Lovey Dovey"", which was recorded by numerous artists, beginning with the R&B group The Clovers in 1954. Elements of ""The Joker"" were used for

"Jokerman (song)"
Jokerman (song) ""Jokerman"" is a song by Bob Dylan that appeared as the opening track of his 1983 album ""Infidels"". Recorded on April 14, 1983, it was released as a single on June 1, 1984, featuring a live version of ""Isis"" from the film ""Renaldo and Clara"" as its B-side. In addition to appearing on ""Infidels"", ""Jokerman"" appeared on several Dylan ""Best of"" compilations, including ""Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3"", ""The Best of Bob Dylan"", ""The Essential Bob Dylan"", and the deluxe version of ""Dylan"". The song has been noted for its biblical imagery, and has also been analyzed

"The Joker (album)"
(1974), ""Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma Ma"" (1974), and ""Evil"" (1975). Additional personnel The Joker (album) The Joker is the eighth studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was released in October 1973, by Capitol Records. The album marked a period of significant change for the group as the band abandoned their psychedelic-oriented music for a more melodic, smooth rock/blues sound. Perhaps not coincidentally, it was also their first solid commercial success due to the strong radio-play of the title track. The title track took 19 days to record. The album reached #2 on the ""Billboard"" 200

The Joker (album) The Joker is the eighth studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was released in October 1973, by Capitol Records. The album marked a period of significant change for the group as the band abandoned their psychedelic-oriented music for a more melodic, smooth rock/blues sound. Perhaps not coincidentally, it was also their first solid commercial success due to the strong radio-play of the title track. The title track took 19 days to record. The album reached #2 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and has been certified Platinum in the United States. The artwork of the album is

Pompatus
Pompatus Pompatus (or Pompitus) () is an unusual word used by Steve Miller famously in his 1973 hit single ""The Joker"". The word is probably a corruption or imagined version of the word ""puppetuse,"" an original coinage, written by a fourteen year old Vernon Green, and subsequently released in 1954 as the Doo Wop song ""The Letter"" performed by himself and The Medallions -- a song which also included another original coinage, ""pismotality."" In other songs, ""Enter Maurice"" and ""The Conversation,"" Miller adds the word ""epismetology"" to ""pompatus,"" one in spoken word, the style of ""The Letter,"" in a likely

"The Joker Is Wild"
that is bound to arise between an audience and the film case-history of an unanonymous alcoholic."" ""Variety"" commented on the ""major job Sinatra does... alternately sympathetic and pathetic, funny and sad."" This movie won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Original Song, for ""All the Way"" by Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn. When the film was re-released some years later, the title was changed for a period to ""All the Way"" due to the immense popularity of the film's theme song, which peaked at No. 2 on ""Billboard"". Sinatra actually became friends with the real Lewis, who commented that

"Billy Myles"
include Wilson, Benton, Little Willie John, Freddie King and Gladys Knight. He has over 1170 works registered with the collecting society BMI. Billy Myles recorded singles for labels Ember, Dot and King, though his only chart hit was ""The Joker (That's What They Call Me)"", which charted in the U.S. and Canada (US Pop #25, R&B #13) in 1957. He was working as a staff songwriter for Al Silver's New York City-based Herald/Ember labels, Silver thought the song wasn't suitable for doo-wop act The Mello-Kings and issued Myles' own recording. The success of the single led to Myles appearing on

"Joker & the Thief"
Joker & the Thief ""Joker & the Thief"" is a song by Australian rock band Wolfmother. The song serves as the sixth track and sixth single from the band's eponymous debut studio album. It was released in Australia on 26 October 2005 and in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2006. The music video for the song was nominated for the ""Best Rock Video"" and ""Video of the Year"" awards at the 2007 MTV Australia Awards. The titular ""joker"" and ""thief"" are a reference to the lyrics of ""All Along the Watchtower"". In 2017 the song was featured in Codemasters

"Bigg Boss Tamil"
Bigg Boss Tamil Bigg Boss Tamil is a Tamil-language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss broadcast in India. It follows the ""Big Brother"" format, which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands. Kamal Haasan hosted the first season and is now hosting the second season of Bigg Boss Tamil, which was aired on Star Vijay. ""Bigg Boss Tamil"" is a reality show based on the original Dutch Big Brother format developed by John de Mol Jr. A number of contestants (known as ""housemates"") live in a purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world.

"Bigg Boss Telugu"
celebrities as housemates, not members of the general public. While all the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language except Telugu. They always have to wear the lapel. They cannot leave the House premises at any time unless they are evicted or decided by Big Boss. They can not discuss the nomination process with anyone. They are not allowed to sleep without the permission of Bigg Boss. The house for season one was set up at Lonavala. For season two, the

Each week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote. Eventually, one housemate would leave after being ""evicted"" from the House. In the final week, there will be four housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, the Tamil version uses celebrities and famous people as housemates, not ordinary members of the general public. The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, but just two bedrooms, living area, kitchen, store

"The Leela Palace Chennai"
The Leela Palace Chennai The Leela Palace Chennai is a five star deluxe hotel in Chennai, India. It is located at MRC Nagar, R.A.Puram, in the Adyar creek area in the southern end of the Marina Beach. The hotel is designed by Atlanta-based architects Smallwood, Reynolds, Stewart, Stewart and Associates, Inc. and is themed after the Chettinad architecture of Tamil Nadu. With the project cost exceeding 8,000 million, the hotel was expected to open in September 2012. However, delays in construction and operation preparation have pushed its inaugural date to January 2013. The land for the hotel was acquired from

"Residency Towers Chennai"
Residency Towers Chennai Residency Towers Chennai is a five-star luxury hotel located at T. Nagar, Chennai, India. Built at a cost of 500 million, the hotel is the second Residency hotel in the city and fourth in the chain. Upon acquiring a land measuring 26 grounds from the Russian consulate, Sood & Sood joined with Appaswamy Group on joint development of commercial complexes. However, they subsequently chose to build a four-star hotel instead. Built on a land measuring 26 grounds, the hotel has 16 floors with 176 rooms, 11 theme-based suites, theme restaurants, convention halls and car parking facilities (two

which was planning to buy the IT Park for 1,720 million. Reliance Industries signed the deal in late February for the said amount. The Leela Palace Chennai The Leela Palace Chennai is a five star deluxe hotel in Chennai, India. It is located at MRC Nagar, R.A.Puram, in the Adyar creek area in the southern end of the Marina Beach. The hotel is designed by Atlanta-based architects Smallwood, Reynolds, Stewart, Stewart and Associates, Inc. and is themed after the Chettinad architecture of Tamil Nadu. With the project cost exceeding 8,000 million, the hotel was expected to open in September 2012.

"Aval (2017 film)"
Aval (2017 film) Aval (English: ""Her"") (The House Next Door in Hindi and Gruham (English: ""Home"") in Telugu) is a 2017 Indian horror film co-written and directed by Milind Rau. Shot simultaneously in the three languages as ""The House Next Door"" in Hindi, ""Gruham"" in Telugu and ""Aval"" in Tamil. The film stars Siddharth and Andrea Jeremiah in lead roles, with Siddharth also working on the film as a co-producer and a co-writer. The film was released on 3 November 2017 to mostly positive reviews in all languages. The film opens in 1935, showing a Mandarin Chinese mother and daughter

"Raj Bhavan (Chennai)"
Raj Bhavan (Chennai) Raj Bhavan (Tamil Nadu), literally the ""Governor's Residence,"" is the official residence of the Governor of Tamil Nadu. It is located in Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. The earliest official residence of the Governors of Madras were in Fort St. George, the first one built in the 1640s on what is now the Parade Square. This was pulled down in 1693 and a new one built eastwards where, in later years, it became the core of the Secretariat. When the Governor’s ""garden house"", was destroyed by the French in 1746, a new garden house was

"Hilton Chennai"
modified to include a palette of polished granite, metal accents, Indian Jali screens, and custom light fixtures featuring Indian motifs. The interior were designed by DiLeonardo Hospitality Design. Hilton Chennai Hilton Chennai is a five-star luxury hotel located on Jawaharlal Nehru Rd at Guindy, Chennai, India. It is located next to the Olympia Technology Park and close to the Kathipara Junction. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style with an initial investment of 4,000 million, it is Hilton's fourth Indian property after Hilton (Janakpuri), Hilton Garden Inn (Saket), both in New Delhi, and Hilton Mumbai International Airport. and was inaugurated by Indian

"Hyderabad House"
Baroda and currently the zonal headquarters Office of Northern Railways. After Indian independence in 1947, the palace was taken over by the Indian Government from the Nizam. It is currently used by the Government of India for banquets and meetings for visiting foreign dignitaries. It has also been a venue for joint press conferences and major government events. Spread over 8.77 acres, and built in the shape of a butterfly, in Indo-Saracenic architecture. The entrance hall of the palace, a dome with an entrance hall beneath with symmetrical wings at fifty-five degree angle, is the outstanding feature. It has 36

"Yakety Yak"
Yakety Yak ""Yakety Yak"" is a song written, produced, and arranged by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for The Coasters and released on Atco Records in 1958, spending seven weeks as #1 on the R&B charts and a week as number one on the Top 100 pop list. This song was one of a string of singles released by The Coasters between 1957 and 1959 that dominated the charts, one of the biggest performing acts of the rock and roll era. The song is a ""playlet,"" a word Stoller used for the glimpses into teenage life that characterized the songs

"Yakkity Yak"
Yakkity Yak Yakkity Yak is an Australian–Canadian animated television series created by Mark Gravas that ran on Teletoon in Canada and on Nickelodeon in Australia from November 9, 2002 to December 12, 2003. The series was known for its surreal humor and featured animation incongruous with Nickelodeon's typical style. The story centers around an anthropomorphic yak named Yakkity who aspires to become a famous comedian and his friends, Keo (an anthropomorphic pineapple) and Lemony (a young human girl). A modified version of the 1958 soul song ""Yakety Yak"" by The Coasters (in which children sing some portions) is used as

style—they were not pretending to be expressing their own experience. The threatened punishment for not taking out the garbage and sweeping the floor is, in the song's humorous lyrics: And the refrain is: Yakety Yak ""Yakety Yak"" is a song written, produced, and arranged by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for The Coasters and released on Atco Records in 1958, spending seven weeks as #1 on the R&B charts and a week as number one on the Top 100 pop list. This song was one of a string of singles released by The Coasters between 1957 and 1959 that dominated

Leiber and Stoller wrote and produced. The lyrics describe the listing of household chores to a kid, presumably a teenager, the teenager's response (""yakety yak"") and the parents' retort (""don't talk back"") — an experience very familiar to a middle-class teenager of the day. Leiber has said the Coasters portrayed ""a white kid’s view of a black person’s conception of white society."" The serio-comic street-smart “playlets” etched out by the songwriters were sung by the Coasters with a sly clowning humor, while the saxophone of King Curtis filled in, in the up-tempo doo-wop style. The group was openly ""theatrical"" in

the series' theme song. ""Yakkity Yak"" debuted on Canada's Teletoon on January 4, 2003, with the last episode airing on January 28, 2004. It also aired on BBC Kids. In the UK it aired on CBBC. On January 17, 2004, it was added to the Nicktoons Network schedule for a few years, but it was removed from the rotation on October 2, 2007. Previously known as ""The Yakking"". The show was nominated for a Leo Award for ""Best Musical Score"" in 2004. Yakkity Yak Yakkity Yak is an Australian–Canadian animated television series created by Mark Gravas that ran on Teletoon

"The Yama Yama Man"
The Yama Yama Man ""The Yama Yama Man"" was a comical song for the Broadway show ""The Three Twins"", published in 1908 by M. Witmark & Sons with music by Karl Hoschna and lyrics by Collin Davis. It became popular after Bessie McCoy's animated performance in a satin Pierrot clown costume with floppy gloves and a cone hat. At age 20, she became an overnight sensation on Broadway and was known thereafter as the ""Yama Yama Girl""; it became her lifelong theme song, the show ran for 288 performances. The lyrics contain topical references of the era such as street

"Os Quindins de Yayá"
Os Quindins de Yayá ""Os Quindins de Yayá"" (also known as ""Os Quindins de Iaiá"") is a famous Brazilian song written by the renowned Brazilian songwriter Ary Barroso and first released in 1941. It gained international fame when it was sung by Aurora Miranda in the Disney film ""The Three Caballeros"". A quindim is a popular Brazilian baked dessert that is typically yellow and contains sugar, egg yolk, and ground coconut. As is common with Portuguese words ending in the letter ""m"", the plural form of the word ""quindim"" is spelt with an ""n"", as it is in this song.

"Iowa Stubborn"
we can stand touchin' noses for a week at a time, and never see eye to eye."" Nine Iowa cities are named near the end of the song, in the following order: Iowa Stubborn ""Iowa Stubborn"" is a song by Meredith Willson from his 1957 musical ""The Music Man"". It is the first sung number in the show and follows the show's unusual spoken opening, ""Rock Island"". The piece is sung in a schottishe or ""soft-shoe"" rhythm, and in the lyrics, the reserved and stoic citizens of River City, Iowa seek to persuade an unknown person (who turns out to

"Yip Yip Yaphank"
Yip Yip Yaphank Yip Yip Yaphank is the name of musical revue composed and produced by Irving Berlin in 1918 while he was a recruit during World War I in the United States Army's 152nd Depot Brigade at Camp Upton in Yaphank, New York. After its Broadway run, the show was not performed until Longwood High School performed the show for its 100th anniversary. The commanding officer at Camp Upton had wanted to build a community building on the grounds of the army base, and thought that Sgt. Berlin could help raise the $35,000 needed for its construction. Berlin's song,

"Jonathan Harris"
Jonathan Harris Jonathan Harris (born Jonathan Daniel Charasuchin; November 6, 1914 – November 3, 2002) was an American character actor whose career included more than 500 television and movie appearances, as well as voiceovers. Two of his best-known roles were as the timid accountant Bradford Webster in the television version of ""The Third Man"" and the fussy villain Dr. Zachary Smith of the 1960s science fiction series ""Lost in Space"". Near the end of his career, he provided voices for the animated features ""A Bug's Life"" and ""Toy Story 2"". The second of three children, Harris was born to a

"Guy Williams (actor)"
despite being originally slated to become one of the four permanent leads. He was originally to replace Pernell Roberts (Adam Cartwright), who had planned to leave the show at the end of that season, thus allowing the format with four regular leads to continue. Roberts decided late in the season to stay for one more year. This, plus the cast's concern that replacement of a regular character might create a threatening precedent, cost Williams the role. In 1965, Guy Williams returned to weekly television in the popular CBS science-fiction family series ""Lost In Space"". Guy Williams played Professor John Robinson,

"Mark Goddard"
Anspach, brought two children to their marriage. Mark Goddard Mark Goddard (born Charles Harvey Goddard; July 24, 1936) is an American actor who has starred in a number of television programs. He is probably best known for portraying Major Don West, the adversary of Dr. Zachary Smith (played by Jonathan Harris), in the CBS series ""Lost in Space"" (1965-68). He also played Detective Sgt. Chris Ballard , ""The Detectives"", starring Robert Taylor. Charles Harvey Goddard was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the youngest of five children, and grew up in Scituate. He was raised Catholic. He led both his high school

Mark Goddard Mark Goddard (born Charles Harvey Goddard; July 24, 1936) is an American actor who has starred in a number of television programs. He is probably best known for portraying Major Don West, the adversary of Dr. Zachary Smith (played by Jonathan Harris), in the CBS series ""Lost in Space"" (1965-68). He also played Detective Sgt. Chris Ballard , ""The Detectives"", starring Robert Taylor. Charles Harvey Goddard was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the youngest of five children, and grew up in Scituate. He was raised Catholic. He led both his high school baseball and basketball teams to the state

"James Culliford"
James Culliford James Culliford (8 September 1927 – 23 March 2002) was a British actor on stage, film and television. Culliford was badly burned in a motoring accident that left the right side of his face partly disfigured. He met his life partner, the actor Alfred Lynch at theatre acting evening classes. Some of his noted roles are ""The Entertainer"" (1960), ""The Trygon Factor"" (1966), and ""Quatermass and the Pit"" (1967). He also appeared in the ""Doctor Who"" serial ""Frontier in Space"" in 1973. After suffering a stroke in 1972, he and Lynch moved from London to Brighton until his

"Michael Wisher"
Michael Wisher Michael Wisher (19 May 1935 – 21 July 1995) was a British actor. A regular character actor in television drama from the 1960s onwards, he appeared in programmes such as ""Z-Cars"", ""Dixon of Dock Green"", ""Moonbase 3"" and ""Colditz"". His theatre work was also extensive (and included a lengthy tour of New Zealand). He is also remembered for a series of different roles in the British science-fiction television series ""Doctor Who"", becoming the first actor to play Davros, the wheelchair-using scientific mastermind and creator of the Daleks. The serial in which the character was first seen, ""Genesis of

death in 2002. Lynch died of cancer the following year. James Culliford James Culliford (8 September 1927 – 23 March 2002) was a British actor on stage, film and television. Culliford was badly burned in a motoring accident that left the right side of his face partly disfigured. He met his life partner, the actor Alfred Lynch at theatre acting evening classes. Some of his noted roles are ""The Entertainer"" (1960), ""The Trygon Factor"" (1966), and ""Quatermass and the Pit"" (1967). He also appeared in the ""Doctor Who"" serial ""Frontier in Space"" in 1973. After suffering a stroke in 1972,

"1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 17, 1994, and ended with the championship game on April 4 in Charlotte, North Carolina, played at Charlotte Coliseum. A total of 63 games were played. The Final Four consisted of Arkansas, making their fifth trip and first since 1990, Arizona, making their second ever trip and first since 1988, Florida, making their first ever trip, and Duke, making their sixth trip

Exclusive national radio coverage was provided by CBS Radio Sports. 1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 17, 1994, and ended with the championship game on April 4 in Charlotte, North Carolina, played at Charlotte Coliseum. A total of 63 games were played. The Final Four consisted of Arkansas, making their fifth trip and first since 1990, Arizona, making their second ever trip and first since 1988, Florida, making

in the last seven tournaments. In the national championship game, Arkansas defeated Duke by a score of 76–72 and won their first ever national championship. Corliss Williamson of Arkansas was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Bill Clinton, former governor of Arkansas, was in attendance for the Final Four, as well as the regionals that were held in Dallas the previous week. (Clinton was already scheduled to be in Dallas for the wedding of his brother Roger and added the basketball games to his plans.) The 1994 tournament included five new venues and four new cities. In Florida, Miami and

"1994 FIBA World Championship"
(now called FIBA Basketball World Cup) allowed current American NBA players that had already played in an official NBA regular season game to participate. Prior to that only professionals from other leagues were allowed to compete, since players from other leagues were still considered amateurs. The tournament was won by the United States's ""Dream Team II"", who beat Russia 137–91 in the Final. The United States finished with a perfect 8–0 record (8 wins and 0 losses). The bronze medal was won by Croatia who beat Greece 78–60 in the bronze-medal game. Three stadia were used during the tournament: The

"1995 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
and second in three years, and Arkansas, the defending national champions. The championship game saw UCLA win their eleventh national championship and first (and only) national title under Jim Harrick by defeating Arkansas 89–78, foiling the Razorbacks' hopes of back to back national titles. UCLA's Ed O'Bannon was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. As of 2018, this is the most recent NCAA Tournament that Duke has not participated in. For the third and final time, the Kingdome served as the host venue for the Final Four. It would be the last tournament games at the multipurpose stadium, which was

"1994 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament"
1994 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament The 1994 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament involved 48 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 1993–94 NCAA Division II men's basketball season. It was won by California State University, Bakersfield and Southern Indiana's Stan Gouard was the Most Outstanding Player. <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes tie Location: Felton J. Capel Arena Location: Lee Arena Location: UCR Student Recreation Center Location: Hamer Hall Location: Physical Activities Center Location: DakotaDome Location: Athletics and Recreation Center Location: Elmore Gymnasium <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes each overtime

Coliseum was used instead of Levitt Arena in Wichita for the only time. This also marked the last tournament for the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena and the Dee Events Center. Games in the Los Angeles area have since been held at the Staples Center or the Honda Center in Anaheim. In all, of the thirteen venues used in the 1994 tournament, seven (in Charlotte, Dallas, Landover, Los Angeles, Miami, Sacramento and Wichita) have closed and been replaced, with all but the Kansas Coliseum (which is being converted into an aerospace test facility) and Sacramento's Sleep Train Arena being demolished,

1995 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1995 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 16, 1995, and ended with the championship game on April 3 at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington. A total of 63 games were played. The Final Four consisted of UCLA, making their fifteenth appearance and first since the 1980 team that eventually saw their appearance vacated, Oklahoma State, making their fifth appearance and first since 1951, North Carolina, making their twelfth appearance

played Location: Springfield Civic Center <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes each overtime played 1994 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament The 1994 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament involved 48 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 1993–94 NCAA Division II men's basketball season. It was won by California State University, Bakersfield and Southern Indiana's Stan Gouard was the Most Outstanding Player. <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes tie Location: Felton J. Capel Arena Location: Lee Arena Location: UCR Student Recreation Center Location: Hamer Hall Location: Physical Activities Center Location: DakotaDome Location: Athletics

"1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season"
1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season The 1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1994 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Arkansas Razorbacks earned their first national championship by defeating the Duke Blue Devils 76–72 on April 4, 1994. They were coached by Nolan Richardson and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was Arkansas' Corliss Williamson. In the 32-team 1994 National Invitation Tournament, the Villanova Wildcats defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Following the season,

"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)"
an oasis with a manned oil rig, the men celebrate and Towns and Dorfmann are reconciled. Principal photography started April 26, 1965, at the 20th Century-Fox Studios and 20th Century-Fox Ranch, California. Other filming locations, simulating the desert, were Buttercup Valley, Arizona and Pilot Knob Mesa, California. The flying sequences were all filmed at Pilot Knob Mesa near Winterhaven, located in California's Imperial Valley, on the western fringes of Yuma, Arizona. In 2005, Hollywood aviation historian Simon Beck identified the aircraft used in the film: The C-82As were from Steward-Davies Inc. at Long Beach, California, while the O-47A came from

landings, and on one touchdown the fuselage buckled. The movie model broke apart and cartwheeled, killing Mantz and seriously injuring stuntman Bobby Rose on board. Although principal photography was completed on August 13, 1965, in order to complete filming, a North American O-47A (N4725V) from the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California was modified and used as a flying ""Phoenix"" stand-in. With the canopy removed, a set of skids attached to the main landing gear as well as ventral fin added to the tail, it sufficed as more-or-less a visual lookalike. Filming using the O-47A was completed in

The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart, produced and directed by Robert Aldrich, and based on the 1964 novel ""The Flight of the Phoenix"" by Elleston Trevor. The story describes a small group of men struggling to survive their aircraft's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert, and stars Richard Attenborough, Peter Finch, Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine. The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen, Ronald Fraser, Christian Marquand, Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft. Though the film was a failure at the

"Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)"
the film's dialogue. Burns said, ""I probably did three drafts of it, and that was it. I never met Scott (Scott Frank, the other credited co-writer)."" This is the only film Burns has writing credit on that he did not also direct. Director John Moore scouted locations in Morocco and Australia before looking at, and quickly choosing, Namibia as the crash site. ""Where most of the film takes place, was only a 20 minute-drive from the coastal town of Swakopmund."" The Namib Desert location caused problems: cameras and other equipment had to be constantly cleaned of sand, and a ""couple

October/November 1965. It appears in the last flying scenes, painted to look like the earlier Phoenix P-1. The final production utilized a mix of footage that included the O-47A, the ""cobbled-together"" Phoenix and Phoenix P-1. The final credit on the screen was, ""It should be remembered... that Paul Mantz, a fine man and a brilliant flyer gave his life in the making of this film..."" The film opened in selected theaters on December 15, 1965, with a full release in 1966. Bosley Crowther of ""The New York Times"" dismissed it as ""grim and implausible"", while ""Variety"" praised the film as

"Flight (2012 film)"
Goodman joining later in the month, and Melissa Leo and James Badge Dale in final negotiations. Screenwriter John Gatins said in early October 2011 that production would begin mid-month. ""Flight"" was largely filmed on location near Atlanta, Georgia, over 45 days in November 2011. The film's relatively small budget of $31 million, which Zemeckis later calculated was his smallest budget in inflation-adjusted dollars since 1980, was due to tax rebates from Georgia and from Zemeckis and Washington having waived their customary fees. Gatins explained in a 2012 interview with the ""Los Angeles Times"" that the dramatic fictional crash depicted in

"Tallmantz Phoenix P-1"
Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 The Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 was an FAA-certified one-off aircraft built for the 1965 film production ""The Flight of the Phoenix"" and used in the picture's initial aerial sequences. Its pilot, Paul Mantz, died in an accident during a touch-and-go made to simulate a takeoff, after which it was replaced by a crudely modified North American O-47A. In late 1964 or early 1965 Tallmantz Aviation Inc. of Orange County, California was hired by 20th Century Fox to supervise the aerial sequences for their upcoming film, ""The Flight of the Phoenix"". Paul Mantz and Frank Tallman, the owners of

the Planes of Fame air museum in California. The R4Q-1 was purchased from Allied Aircraft of Phoenix, Arizona. The aerial camera platform was a B-25J Mitchell, ""N1042B"", which was also used in the 1970 film ""Catch-22"". The flying sequences were flown by Paul Mantz, co-owner of Tallmantz Aviation, filling in for his partner Frank Tallman, who had injured his leg. A famous racing/stunt/movie pilot and collector of warplanes, Paul Mantz was flying the Tallmantz Phoenix P-1, the machine that was ""made of the wreckage"", in front of the cameras on the morning of July 8, 1965. He was performing touch-and-go

box office, it has since gained a large following. Frank Towns (James Stewart) is the pilot of a twin-engine Fairchild C-82 Packet cargo plane flying from Jaghbub to Benghazi in Libya; Lew Moran (Richard Attenborough) is the navigator. The passengers include Capt. Harris (Peter Finch) and Sgt. Watson (Ronald Fraser) of the British Army; Dr. Renaud (Christian Marquand), a physician; Heinrich Dorfmann (Hardy Krüger), a German aeronautical engineer; and an oil company accountant named Standish (Dan Duryea). There are also several oil workers, including Trucker Cobb (Ernest Borgnine), a foreman suffering from mental fatigue; Ratbags Crow (Ian Bannen), a cocky

"The Flight of the Phoenix"
The Flight of the Phoenix The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1964 novel by Elleston Trevor. The plot involves the crash of a transport aircraft in the middle of a desert and the survivors' desperate attempt to save themselves. The book was the basis for the 1965 film ""The Flight of the Phoenix"" starring James Stewart and the 2004 remake entitled ""Flight of the Phoenix"". ""The Flight of the Phoenix"" came at the midpoint of Trevor's career and led to a bidding war over its film rights. Pilot Frank Towns and navigator Lew Moran are ferrying a mixed bag

"Derrick Rose"
traded, along with Justin Holiday and a 2017 second-round draft pick, to the New York Knicks in exchange for future teammate José Calderón, Jerian Grant and Robin Lopez. He made his debut for the Knicks in the team's season opener on October 25 against the Cleveland Cavaliers. In 29 minutes of action, he scored 17 points on 7-of-17 shooting in a 117–88 loss. On November 4, Rose returned to Chicago for the first time as a member of the Knicks, recording 15 points and 11 assists in a 117–104 win over the Bulls. On November 17, he scored a season-high

hopes of recovering from a sprained left ankle and bone spurs. On January 18, 2018, Rose returned to the line-up after missing more than two months with ankle injuries and scored nine points in 13 minutes in a 104–103 win over the Orlando Magic. On February 8, 2018, Rose was acquired by the Utah Jazz in a three-team trade that also involved the Cavaliers and the Sacramento Kings. Two days later, he was waived by the Jazz. On March 8, 2018, Rose signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves, reuniting him with Tom Thibodeau, Jimmy Butler and Taj Gibson. In the playoffs,

released in July 2018. In 2011, Rose was estimated by ""Crain's Chicago Business"" to earn $1.5–$2.5 million annually in endorsements, ranking just outside the top 10 NBA players in that category. In 2012, it was reported that Rose signed a contract extension with Adidas, worth $185 million over 14 years. Derrick Rose Derrick Martell Rose (born October 4, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA

Derrick Rose Derrick Martell Rose (born October 4, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA draft. After being named the NBA Rookie of the Year, Rose, at age 22, became the youngest player to win the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2011. Rose was born and raised in Chicago, and attended Simeon Career Academy. He was highly recruited by NCAA scouts and coaches, eventually

season after tearing the meniscus in his left knee, necessitating a fourth round of knee surgery for Rose in his nine-year career. On July 25, 2017, Rose signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his debut for the Cavaliers in their season opener against the Boston Celtics on October 17, 2017, Rose scored 14 points in a 102–99 win. On November 24, 2017, Rose left the team to re-evaluate his future in the NBA. His increasing frustration with injuries caused him to question his desire to continue playing. He returned to working with the Cavaliers' medical staff in early December in

Rose averaged 14.2 points in 23.8 minutes per game, as the Timberwolves lost 4–1 to the Houston Rockets in the first round. On July 4, 2018, Rose re-signed with the Timberwolves for the 2018–19 season. On October 31, in his first start of the season, he scored a career-high 50 points in a 128–125 win over the Utah Jazz, securing the victory with a block on Utah's final shot as time expired. Rose was a member of the United States men's national basketball teams that won gold medals at the 2010 and 2014 FIBA World Cup respectively. Standing at and

"Jalen Rose"
the players called before the grand jury (Robert Traylor, Webber, Rose, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock) in the University of Michigan basketball scandal, Rose was the only one not listed as having received large amounts of money. Rose played for six different NBA teams, forging a solid pro career after skipping his senior season at Michigan. He was selected 13th overall by the Denver Nuggets in the 1994 NBA draft. After two years with Denver, he was traded to the Indiana Pacers, along with Reggie Williams and a future first round draft pick, for Mark Jackson, Ricky Pierce, and a

Utah Jazz the following February. In March 2018, he signed with the Timberwolves. Rose was born and raised in the Englewood area, one of the most dangerous neighborhoods on Chicago's South Side. He is the youngest son of Brenda Rose after Dwayne, Reggie, and Allan. All three were talented basketball players who taught Rose the in and outs of basketball on nearby courts. As his talent for the sport grew, Rose began to attract much more outside attention in Chicago's basketball circles, leading his mother and brothers to restrict outside contact to him. She feared he would be exploited and

strict liability required that Rose be retroactively declared ineligible. It also determined that even without the questions about his test score, Rose would have lost his eligibility in December 2007 due to Reggie Rose being allowed to travel for free. On May 28, 2010, Rose, former Memphis basketball coach John Calipari, and Memphis athletic director R.C. Johnson reached a $100,000 out-of-court settlement with three attorneys who represented Memphis season ticket holders and threatened a lawsuit over the vacated 2007–08 season. The Memphis ""Commercial Appeal"" first reported on this settlement in October 2011. Rose was selected with the first overall pick

27 points in a 119–112 loss to the Washington Wizards. He topped that mark on November 28, scoring 30 points in a 112–103 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On January 10, 2017, Rose was fined an undisclosed amount after he reportedly flew to Chicago to be with his mother but did not notify team officials ahead of their game against the New Orleans Pelicans on January 9. Eight days later, he matched his season high with 30 points in a 117–106 win over the Boston Celtics. On April 2, 2017, he was ruled out for the rest of the

points outside the production possibilities curve represent combinations of products that are

"Production–possibility frontier"
frontier (such as ""A"") can be produced but are productively ""inefficient""; all points outside the curve (such as ""X"") cannot be produced with the given, existing resources. Not all points on the curve are Pareto efficient, however; only in the case where the marginal rate of transformation is equal to all consumers' marginal rate of substitution and hence equal to the ratio of prices will it be impossible to find any trade that will make no consumer worse off. Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an

Production–possibility frontier A production–possibility frontier (PPF) or production possibility curve (PPC) is a curve which shows various combinations of set of two goods which can be produced with the given resources and technology where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them. This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. Graphically bounding the production set for fixed input quantities, the PPF curve shows the maximum possible production level

"Supply and demand"
relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied. Under the assumption of perfect competition, supply is determined by marginal cost. That is, firms will produce additional output while the cost of producing an extra unit of output is less than the price they would receive. A hike in the cost of raw goods would decrease supply, shifting costs up, while a discount would increase supply, shifting costs down and hurting producers as producer surplus decreases. By its very nature, conceptualizing a supply curve requires the firm to be a perfect competitor (i.e. to have no influence over

demand curve is the answer to the question ""If this buyer is ""faced with"" this potential price, how much of the product will it purchase?"" If a buyer has market power, so its decision of how much to buy influences the market price, then the buyer is not ""faced with"" any price, a long pickle Generally speaking, an equilibrium is defined to be the price-quantity pair where the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. It is represented by the intersection of the demand and supply curves. The analysis of various equilibria is a fundamental aspect of microeconomics: Market

good's axis, ""biasing"" production possibilities in that direction. Similarly, if one good makes more use of say capital and if capital grows faster than other factors, growth possibilities might be biased in favor of the capital-intensive good. In microeconomics, the PPF shows the options open to an individual, household, or firm in a two-good world. By definition, each point on the curve is productively efficient, but, given the nature of market demand, some points will be more profitable than others. Equilibrium for a firm will be the combination of outputs on the PPF that is most profitable. From a macroeconomic

"Expansion path"
Expansion path In economics, an expansion path (also called a scale line) is a curve in a graph with quantities of two inputs, typically capital and labor, plotted on the axes. The path connects optimal input combinations as the scale of production expands. A producer seeking to produce the most units of a product in the cheapest possible way attempts to increase production along the expansion path. Economists Alfred Stonier and Douglas Hague defined ""expansion path"" as ""that line which reflects the least cost method of producing different levels of output, when factor prices remain constant."" The points on an

Supply and demand In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It postulates that, holding all else equal, in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good, or other traded item such as labor or liquid financial assets, will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded (at the current price) will equal the quantity supplied (at the current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium for price and quantity transacted. Although it is normal to regard the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied as functions of the price

"Utility–possibility frontier"
Utility–possibility frontier In welfare economics, a utility–possibility frontier (or utility possibilities curve), is a widely used concept analogous to the better-known production–possibility frontier. The graph shows the maximum amount of one person's utility given each level of utility attained by all others in society. Points on the curve are, by definition, Pareto efficient, while points off the curve are not. However, based on the extent of society’s preferences for an equal distribution of real income, a point off the curve may be preferred. All points on or below the utility–possibility frontier are attainable by society; all points above it are

"Offer curve"
Y for 1 X, and the economy is now at equilibrium. Offer curve In economics and particularly in international trade, an offer curve shows the quantity of one type of product that an agent will export (""offer"") for each quantity of another type of product that it imports. The offer curve was first derived by English economists Edgeworth and Marshall to help explain international trade. The offer curve is derived from the country's PPF. We describe a Country named K which enjoys both goods Y and X. It is slightly better at producing good X, but wants to consume both

compared to what consumers would prefer, given what is feasible on the PPF. Production–possibility frontier A production–possibility frontier (PPF) or production possibility curve (PPC) is a curve which shows various combinations of set of two goods which can be produced with the given resources and technology where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them. This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. Graphically bounding the production set

returning in new roles of head judges. It was also revealed that Jason Gardiner would be returning to the Ice Panel, along with Diversity member Ashley Banjo. With the announcement of the new series it was confirmed that the show would have a new set, new graphics, a new logo and a new theme tune, including the contestants and professionals faces for the first time. The show's new logo was released on the official Twitter account. The series will be filmed at RAF Bovingdon. It was announced on 25 January 2018 that ""Dancing on Ice"" would return for an eleventh

"Dancing on Ice: The Tour"
Newcastle, MEN Arena in Manchester and National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, with a record number of tickets being sold. The 2011 tour ran from Saturday 9 April to Monday 2 May. Sam & Brianne won the 2011 tour with the most wins. ""Dancing On Ice's"" tenth series begins on 7 January 2018. Shortly after the end of the series, the tour starts a week or so later. The tour venues for the 2018 UK tour are: London's Wembley Arena, Sheffield's FlyDSA Arena, Newcastle's Metro Radio Arena, the Manchester Arena, the SSE Hydro in Glasgow, the Motorpoint Arena in Nottingham, and

"Ice (2018 film)"
the way during the filming of the scene under water in the pool she spent nearly 12 hours. The premiere in Russia took place on February 14, 2018 and the Olympic Committee. The life of Nadya Lapshina (Aglaya Tarasova), a humble girl from Irkutsk, changed dramatically when she was noticed by legendary skater Vladimir Leonov (Miloš Biković). The pair quickly gained popularity – with their plans including participation in the Olympic Games and a shotgun wedding. Absolute happiness was within arm's reach, but Leonov ended up causing Nadya a serious injury. The forgotten champion would have never again left her

George Lucas Stage at Elstree Studios from 2006 to 2010. In 2011 the show was broadcast from Shepperton Studios. In 2012 it returned to Elstree with a new, more modern set. There were several areas of the Elstree studio. ""The Tunnel"" was to the left of the rink and was where the couples entered the rink. ""The Ice Cave"" was situated at the back of the rink and was where Phillip Schofield stood to interview the couples. ""The Judges and Contestants Area"" was to the right of the rink and was where the judging panel were based, and where Holly

"Dancing on Ice (series 10)"
taken from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 10) Series Ten of Dancing on Ice began airing on ITV on 7 January 2018. It was the first series since 2014 and featured a new set and ice rink, a new judging line up, and a new logo. After the tenth series, the returned from March to April 2018, starring celebrities from the series. For this series, the show relocated from its previous home at Elstree Studios to a new, purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon in Hertfordshire. Creative directors and mentors Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill became head judges and alternated the

Stars Live! : Dance All Night” was announced. A third tour, ""Dancing with the Stars: Live! – We Came to Dance"", was announced on October 3, 2016, for 43 cities from December 16, 2016, to February 14, 2017. A fourth tour, ""Dancing with the Stars: Light Up the Night"", was announced in October 2017 and began on December 30, 2017, in Charlotte, North Carolina, performing 71 shows and ending in Los Angeles. A fifth tour, ""Dancing with the Stars: A Night to Remember"", was announced on October 1, 2018. The tour will begin on December 15, 2018 in Columbia, South

"Bourbaki dangerous bend symbol"
Bourbaki dangerous bend symbol The dangerous bend or caution symbol ☡ () was created by the Nicolas Bourbaki group of mathematicians and appears in the margins of mathematics books written by the group. It resembles a road sign that indicates a ""dangerous bend"" in the road ahead, and is used to mark passages tricky on a first reading or with an especially difficult argument. Others have used variations of the symbol in their textbooks, and computer scientist Donald Knuth introduced an American-style road-sign depiction in his Metafont and TeX systems, with a pair of adjacent signs indicating doubly dangerous passages.

"Carrick bend"
Carrick bend The carrick bend is a knot used for joining two lines. It is particularly appropriate for very heavy rope or cable that is too large and stiff to be easily formed into other common bends. It will not jam even after carrying a significant load or being soaked with water. As with many other members of the basket weave knot family, the carrick bend's aesthetically pleasing interwoven and symmetrical shape has also made it popular for decorative purposes. The knot features prominently as a motif in the hard science fiction novel ""Picoverse"" by Robert A. Metzger. In heraldry,

"Hairpin turn"
alpine skiing. A hairpin consists of two consecutive vertical or ""closed gates"" which must be negotiated very quickly. (Three or more consecutive closed gates are known as a flush.) Hairpin turn A hairpin turn (also hairpin bend, hairpin corner, etc.), named for its resemblance to a hairpin/bobby pin, is a bend in a road with a very acute inner angle, making it necessary for an oncoming vehicle to turn about 180° to continue on the road. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, by analogy with switchback railways. In British English ""switchback"" is more

Hairpin turn A hairpin turn (also hairpin bend, hairpin corner, etc.), named for its resemblance to a hairpin/bobby pin, is a bend in a road with a very acute inner angle, making it necessary for an oncoming vehicle to turn about 180° to continue on the road. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, by analogy with switchback railways. In British English ""switchback"" is more likely to refer to a heavily undulating road—a use extended from the rollercoaster and the ""other"" type of switchback railway. Hairpin turns are often built when a route climbs

"Hunter's bend"
Hunter's bend Hunter's bend (or rigger's bend) is a knot used to join two lines. It consists of interlocking overhand knots, and can jam under moderate strain. It is topologically similar to the Zeppelin bend. When assessed against other bends In stress tests using paracord, it was found to be ""not as strong as the blood knot, similar to the reverse figure of eight and stronger than the fisherman's bend, sheet bend or reef knot"". In October 1978, an article in ""The Times"" presented it as a newly invented knot credited to Dr. Edward Hunter. He had used it for

In the LaTeX typesetting system, Knuth's dangerous bend symbol can be produced by first loading the font manfnt (a font with extra symbols used in Knuth's TeX manual) with and then typing There are several variations given by \lhdbend, \reversedvideodbend, \textdbend, \textlhdbend, and \textreversedvideodbend. Bourbaki dangerous bend symbol The dangerous bend or caution symbol ☡ () was created by the Nicolas Bourbaki group of mathematicians and appears in the margins of mathematics books written by the group. It resembles a road sign that indicates a ""dangerous bend"" in the road ahead, and is used to mark passages tricky on a

"Impossible trident"
Impossible trident An impossible trident, also known as an impossible fork, a blivet, poiuyt, devil's tuning fork, etc., is a drawing of an impossible object (undecipherable figure), a kind of an optical illusion. It appears to have three cylindrical prongs at one end which then mysteriously transform into two rectangular prongs at the other end. In 1964 D.H. Schuster reported that he noticed an ambiguous figure of a new kind in the advertising section of an aviation journal. He dubbed it a ""three-stick clevis"". He described the novelty as follows: ""Unlike other ambiguous drawings, an actual shift in visual fixation

"Crimp (gambling)"
Crimp (gambling) In gambling terminology a crimp is a bend that has been intentionally made on the corner(s) of a playing card to facilitate identification. A card cheat will typically bend some of the important cards during the game. Below are just several of the most popular examples. In poker, for instance, a cheat may ""crimp"" one of the cards to mark off the exact location where he wishes his secret conspirator to cut the deck. Similarly, if the card cheat is not working with a confederate, he may bend one or more cards to force a cut upon an

Ogee
Ogee An ogee ( ) is a curve (often used in moulding), shaped somewhat like an S, consisting of two arcs that curve in opposite senses, so that the ends are parallel. It is a kind of sigmoid curve. The term has uses in architecture, mathematics, and fluid mechanics, as well as marine construction, clock design and plastic surgery. Ogee is also written O.G.. This long-standing variant may have originated from a mis-hearing of the spoken word ""ogee"" as an abbreviation. Nevertheless, the quasi-abbreviation is often seen in print within the millwork trade. In architecture, the principal use of the

Ditloid
Ditloid A ditloid is a type of word puzzle, in which a phrase, quotation, date, or fact must be deduced from the numbers and abbreviated letters in the clue. Common words such as 'the', 'in', 'a', 'an', 'of', 'to', etc. are not normally abbreviated. The name 'ditloid' was given by the ""Daily Express"" newspaper, originating from the clue: 1 = DitLoID ≡ ""1 Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"". Will Shortz originated the current form of this puzzle and first published it in the May–June 1981 issue of ""Games"" magazine, calling it the Equation Analysis Test. In its annual

"Cyndi Grecco"
Cyndi Grecco Cyndi Grecco (born May 19, 1952, in New York, New York) is an American singer who performed the theme tune to the popular 1970s American television show ""Laverne & Shirley"". Titled ""Making Our Dreams Come True,"" the song (in which Grecco was accompanied by the Ron Hicklin Singers) was also put out as a single and charted at #25 on July 25, 1976. The song came out on the small Private Stock label (#45086). An album followed, though a second disco-themed single, ""Dancing, Dancing,"" failed to chart. She also provided the theme to another 1970s ABC television sitcom,

""Blansky's Beauties"". Nevertheless, Grecco remains a one-hit wonder. Albums Singles Cyndi Grecco Cyndi Grecco (born May 19, 1952, in New York, New York) is an American singer who performed the theme tune to the popular 1970s American television show ""Laverne & Shirley"". Titled ""Making Our Dreams Come True,"" the song (in which Grecco was accompanied by the Ron Hicklin Singers) was also put out as a single and charted at #25 on July 25, 1976. The song came out on the small Private Stock label (#45086). An album followed, though a second disco-themed single, ""Dancing, Dancing,"" failed to chart. She

"Laverne & Shirley"
released as a single from Cyndi's LP by the same name and became a radio favorite, becoming a top-30 American hit in 1976. In 1976, Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams released an album, performed in character, titled ""Laverne & Shirley Sing"", which contained some original songs along with some 1950s and 1960s standards. The album was originally released on Atlantic Records. On November 11, 2003, Collector's Choice released it on CD. In 1979, Michael McKean and David Lander followed suit with the album ""Lenny and the Squigtones"", also performed in character, featuring mainly original songs penned by McKean. The album

Executives wanted to see both versions, but Eisner hid the first reel of film in a closet of the building and said at the screening that the film from the first shoot had gotten lost, so they only watched the performance of Cindy Williams with Penny Marshall. At the start of each episode, Laverne and Shirley are skipping down a Milwaukee street, arm in arm, reciting a Yiddish-American hopscotch chant: ""1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Schlemiel! Schlimazel! Hasenpfeffer Incorporated,"" which then leads into the series' theme song, ""Making Our Dreams Come True"" performed by Cyndi Grecco. The

"Sylvia Moy"
Stevenson for Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston. She later wrote theme songs for several television shows, and was involved in writing film music. She was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame alongside fellow Motown songwriter and producer Hank Cosby in 2006. She also set up a non-profit group, Center for Creative Communications, working with underprivileged children in Detroit. Moy died of complications from pneumonia in Dearborn, Michigan, on April 15, 2017, at the age of 78. Sylvia Moy Sylvia Rose Moy (September 15, 1938 – April 15, 2017) was an American songwriter and record producer, formerly associated with the

coloring books, video slot machine and other toys. Paramount Home Entertainment and (starting with season 2) CBS DVD have released the entire series of ""Laverne and Shirley"" on DVD in Region 1, albeit with music substitutions and scene deletions. On June 16, 2015, CBS DVD released ""Laverne & Shirley – The Complete Series"" on DVD in Region 1. Season 1 has also been released on DVD in Region 2. The first three seasons have been released on DVD in Region 4 by Paramount. The theme song from the series (""Making Our Dreams Come True"" as performed by Cyndi Grecco) was

"The Ronettes"
place behind the microphone. Studio albums The Ronettes The Ronettes () were an American girl group from New York City. One of the most popular groups from the 1960s, they placed nine songs on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, five of which became Top 40 hits. The trio from Spanish Harlem, New York, consisted of lead singer Veronica Bennett (later known as Ronnie Spector), her older sister Estelle Bennett, and their cousin Nedra Talley. Among the Ronettes' most famous songs are ""Be My Baby"", ""Baby, I Love You"", ""(The Best Part of) Breakin' Up"", and ""Walking in the Rain"", all of

was released on Casablanca Records. In July 1979, McKean and Lander also appeared together (in character) on ""American Bandstand"" performing the song ""King of the Cars"", the single released from their ""Lenny and the Squigtones"" album. They also performed ""Love Is A Terrible Thing"", another song from the album. In 1980, Romina Power (of Al Bano and Romina Power fame) recorded a separate theme tune for the show when it was introduced to the Italian market. The track, simply titled ""Laverne & Shirley"" featured verses in English and Italian. Released as a single in the same year, the track failed

The Ronettes The Ronettes () were an American girl group from New York City. One of the most popular groups from the 1960s, they placed nine songs on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, five of which became Top 40 hits. The trio from Spanish Harlem, New York, consisted of lead singer Veronica Bennett (later known as Ronnie Spector), her older sister Estelle Bennett, and their cousin Nedra Talley. Among the Ronettes' most famous songs are ""Be My Baby"", ""Baby, I Love You"", ""(The Best Part of) Breakin' Up"", and ""Walking in the Rain"", all of which charted on the ""Billboard"" Hot

"Blinky (singer)"
Blinky (singer) Sondra ""Blinky"" Williams (born May 21, 1944 in Oakland, California) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter, probably best known for singing the female lead on the theme for the 1970s TV series ""Good Times"". Williams was born in Oakland, California, but later grew up in Los Angeles. The daughter of a pastor, she was active in church choirs since the age of six. Her two siblings are Diana Williams Witherspoon and Pastor Austin F. Williams. She recorded the album ""Hark The Voice"" on Atlantic Records, then moved to Motown where she recorded (as ""Blinky"") five singles including

carry an AFC team; by 2018, the last vestiges of conference ties to the Thanksgiving games were eliminated (in practice, games on Fox remain all-NFC contests). Since teams playing on Thanksgiving have worn throwback uniforms on numerous occasions. In some years (namely 2002), it extended to nearly all games of the weekend, and in some cases also involved classic field logos at the respective stadiums. In 2001–2004, and again in 2008, 2010, and 2017 the Detroit Lions have worn throwback uniforms based on their very early years. From 2001 to 2003, Dallas chose to represent the 1990s Cowboys dynasty by

and Cowboys' division rivals for the contests so that ratings are maximized; seven out of the ten Thanksgiving games involving the Lions or Cowboys since 2014 have involved a team in the same division, while only one (a 2017 contest between the Cowboys and Los Angeles Chargers) has involved the AFC. The Los Angeles Rams have the longest active appearance drought of any team, with their last appearance coming in 1975. Among current NFL markets, Cleveland has had the longest wait to have a team from its city play on Thanksgiving; the Browns last appeared in 1989, several years before

for Thanksgiving), the calls for Detroit and Dallas to be removed have curtailed. ""Of current NFL franchises. This includes American Football League (AFL) games; however, it does not include All-America Football Conference (AAFC) games."" The last currently active franchise to have never played on Thanksgiving through is the Jacksonville Jaguars, who joined the league in . An idiosyncrasy in the NFL's current scheduling formula, which has been in effect in its basic form since 2002, effectively prevented teams from the AFC North from playing the Lions or Cowboys on Thanksgiving, as the formula had the AFC North playing in Dallas

Starting in 2012, all three broadcast networks with NFL rights will carry one game apiece. The first two games are split between CBS and Fox. These games are rotated annually, with CBS getting the 12:30 p.m. (EST) ""early"" game, and Fox getting the 4:25 p.m. ""late"" game in even-numbered years, while Fox likewise gets the ""early"" game and CBS the ""late"" game in odd-numbered years. The third game, with a prime time 8:30 p.m. start, is carried by NBC. The NFL may involve the Flexible Scheduling rule in the future to reassign games if the night game has less importance

a request to the supreme court that it review a case that was already decided is made via a(n)

"Certiorari before judgment"
Certiorari before judgment A petition for certiorari before judgment, in the Supreme Court of the United States, is a petition for a writ of certiorari in which the Supreme Court is asked to immediately review the decision of a United States District Court, without an appeal having been decided by a United States Court of Appeals, for the purpose of expediting the proceedings and obtaining a final decision. Certiorari before judgment is rarely granted. Supreme Court Rule 11 provides that this procedure will be followed ""only upon a showing that the case is of such imperative public importance as to

"Petition for review"
Petition for review In some jurisdictions, a petition for review is a formal request for an appellate tribunal to review the decision of a lower court or administrative body. If a jurisdiction utilizes petitions for review, then parties seeking appellate review of their case may submit a formal petition for review to an appropriate court. In United States federal courts, the term ""petition for review"" is also used to describe petitions that seek review of federal agency actions. In jurisdictions that utilize petitions for review, parties may file a petition in an appellate tribunal that asks the appellate tribunal to

petitions for review"", which also seek review of some or all of the issues decided by the lower court. The reviewing court may vacate the agency's actions, it may vacate the action and remand the case to the agency for ""further action or explanation"", it may remand the case without vacating the decision, or it may dismiss the petition for review. Petition for review In some jurisdictions, a petition for review is a formal request for an appellate tribunal to review the decision of a lower court or administrative body. If a jurisdiction utilizes petitions for review, then parties seeking

""certiorari"" became the power to grant an order as ""a means of controlling inferior courts and persons and bodies having authority to determine issues affecting the rights of individuals"". However, writs of ""certiorari"" are traditionally only used when ""the inferior body has acted without jurisdiction or determined an issue wrongly in law, but not on the ground that it had misconceived a point of law if it had jurisdiction and the proceedings are ""ex facie"" regular, nor on the ground that its decision is wrong in fact"". In England, the Administrative Court (part of the Queen's Bench Division of the

determine whether the previous court or tribunal reached the correct outcome. In some jurisdictions, appellate tribunals will not rule on issues that are not raised in petitions for review. Some courts also prohibit parties from filing other motions (such as a motion for summary judgment) when they file petitions for review. Because United States ""habeas corpus"" law requires petitioners for writs of ""habeas corpus"" to have exhausted state court remedies if they were convicted by a state court, ""habeas"" petitioners must first file a petition for review in the highest court in the state in which they were convicted, and

High Court of Justice) now issues ""quashing orders"" rather than writs of ""certiorari"". In the United States, the Supreme Court of the United States grants writs of ""certiorari"" ""to review questions of law or to correct errors or excesses by lower courts"". However, some state courts in the United States require parties seeking appellate review to submit petitions for review, instead of petitions for ""certiorari"", where the appellate tribunal grants an order that allows for review of the inferior tribunal's decision. In United States federal courts, parties may seek review or enforcement of federal agency order by filing a petition

"Review petition"
Review petition In India, a binding decision of the Supreme Court/High Court can be reviewed in Review Petition. The parties aggrieved on any order of the Supreme Court on any apparent error can file a review petition. Taking into consideration the principle of stare decisis, courts generally do not unsettle a decision, without a strong case. This provision regarding review is an exemption to the legal principle of stare decisis. Furthermore, even after dismissal of a review petition, the SC may consider a curative petition in order to prevent abuse of its process and to cure gross miscarriage of justice.

for review in a United States circuit court of appeals that has jurisdiction to review decisions from that agency. The court actions of enjoining, suspending and/or modifying the agency order is inherently part of a petition for review. When a party submits a petition for review, the petitioner ""must either identify in [the administrative] record evidence sufficient to support its standing to seek review or, if there is none because standing was not an issue before the agency, submit additional evidence to the court of appeals"". Once one party has filed a petition review, other parties may also file ""cross

courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'"". Some reviewing courts who have discretionary review may send a case back without comment other than ""review improvidently granted"". In other words, after looking at the case, they chose not to say anything. The result for the case of ""review improvidently granted"" is effectively the same as affirmed, but without that extra higher court stamp of approval. Appellate procedure in the United States United States appellate procedure involves the rules and regulations for filing appeals

raise all applicable issues, before filing a petition for writ of ""habeas corpus"" in federal court. However, in some cases, appellants may pursue issues on appeal by filing both a petition for review as well as a petition for writ of ""habeas corpus"". In the common law tradition, only the Court of Chancery had the power to grant prerogative writs that directed inferior tribunals to send a record of proceedings to a higher court for review. Beginning in the sixteenth century, the Court of King's Bench also gained the power to issue prerogative writs. Over time, the power to grant

"Eyjafjallajökull"
and was smaller in scale than had been expected by some geologists. The fissure opened on the north side of Fimmvörðuháls, directly across the popular hiking trail between Skógar, south of the pass, and Þórsmörk, immediately to the north. On 14 April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull resumed erupting after a brief pause, this time from the top crater in the centre of the glacier, causing ""jökulhlaup"" (meltwater floods) to rush down the nearby rivers, and requiring 800 people to be evacuated. This eruption was explosive, due to meltwater getting into the volcanic vent. It was estimated to be ten to twenty times

Hekla
between twenty and thirty considerable eruptions, with the mountain sometimes remaining active for periods of six years with little pause. Eruptions in Hekla are varied and difficult to predict. Some are very short (a week to ten days) whereas others can stretch into months and years (the 1947 eruption started 29 March 1947 and ended April 1948). But there is a general correlation: the longer Hekla goes dormant, the larger and more catastrophic its opening eruption will be. The most recent eruption was on 26 February 2000. One of the largest Holocene eruptions in Iceland was the Hekla 3 (or

Hekla
km, of any Icelandic volcano during the inhabited era. The eruption started at around 3:30 am on 5 April 1766 and ceased in May 1768. Initially a 2–4 cm layer of tephra was deposited over Austur-Húnavatnssýsla and Skagafjördur, resulting in the deaths of both fish and livestock. Rangárvellir, Land and Hreppar also suffered damage. During the eruption up to 0.5 m lava bombs were thrown 15–20 km away, and flooding was caused by the sudden melting of snow and ice on Hekla's slopes. Hekla was dormant for more than sixty years before 1845, when it suddenly burst forth on 2

to aircraft, the location of this eruption directly under the jet stream ensured that the ash was carried into the heavily used airspace over northern and central Europe. By the morning of 24 May 2010, the view from the web camera installed on Þórólfsfell showed only a plume of water vapour surrounded by a bluish haze caused by emission of sulphurous gases. Due to the large quantities of dry volcanic ash lying on the ground, surface winds frequently lifted up an ""ash mist"" that significantly reduced visibility and made web camera observation of the volcano impossible. On 21 June 2010,

still exceeded the levels observed before the eruption, therefore scientists at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) and the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland (IES) continued to monitor the volcano. In October 2010, Ármann Höskuldsson, a scientist at the University of Iceland Institute of Earth Sciences, stated that the eruption was officially over, although the area was still geothermally active and might erupt again. Eyjafjallajökull () is one of Iceland's smaller ice caps located in the far south of the island. Situated to the north of Skógar and to the west of the larger ice cap Mýrdalsjökull, Eyjafjallajökull covers

"2011 eruption of Grímsvötn"
2011 eruption of Grímsvötn The 2011 eruption of Grímsvötn was an eruption in Grímsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, which caused disruption to air travel in Northwestern Europe from 22–25 May 2011. The last eruption of Grímsvötn was in 2004, with the previous most powerful eruptions in 1783, 1873 and 1902. The Grímsvötn eruption was the largest eruption in Iceland for 50 years. The eruption is estimated to have started under the glacier at around 17:30 UTC on 21 May 2011 when an intense spike in tremor activity was detected. At around 19:00 UTC, the eruption broke the ice cover of

"Robert Griffin III"
and signed shortly after with the Cleveland Browns. His tenure with the Browns was also plagued with injuries, and he was subsequently released after one season. After spending the entire 2017 season as a free agent, Griffin signed a one-year deal with the Ravens in 2018. Griffin was born in Okinawa, Japan, where his parents, Robert Jr. and Jacqueline, both U.S. Army sergeants, were stationed. The family later lived at Fort Lewis near Tacoma, Washington, and then moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. They finally settled in Copperas Cove, Texas in 1997 after retiring from the military. Griffin's paternal grandfather, Robert

Robert Griffin III Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft, who traded up to get him. Griffin had a successful rookie season with the Redskins, setting records for the highest passer rating and highest touchdown to interception ratio by a rookie quarterback, and leading the Redskins to the top

"Cedric Griffin"
Cedric Griffin Cedric Leonard Griffin (born November 11, 1982) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Texas, where he was a stand-out performer on the 2005 national championship team. Griffin played football at Oliver Wendell Holmes High School in San Antonio, Texas under the direction of head coach David Sanchez. He was an All-State Class 5A defensive back in 2000, his senior season. He also played as a wide receiver and

Kelly Griffin and has three children Swayde, Cedric II, and Linen Griffin. Cedric Griffin Cedric Leonard Griffin (born November 11, 1982) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Texas, where he was a stand-out performer on the 2005 national championship team. Griffin played football at Oliver Wendell Holmes High School in San Antonio, Texas under the direction of head coach David Sanchez. He was an All-State Class 5A defensive back in

According to ESPN's Dollars blog, Griffin had ""earned more than any other rookie in NFL history before throwing his first regular-season pass,"" largely as a result of endorsements. Robert Griffin III Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft, who traded up to get him. Griffin had a successful rookie

"Michael Griffin (American football)"
Michael Griffin (American football) Michael Devin Griffin (born January 4, 1985) is a former American football safety who played 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. A native of Austin, Texas, Griffin attended Bowie High School, where he was a two-year starter at running back and also started at defensive back as a senior. He earned honorable mention All-State Class 5A honors on offense and was also named Academic All-District and All-Central Texas as a two-way performer

"Robert Griffin (offensive lineman)"
Robert Griffin (offensive lineman) Robert Torrez Griffin (born November 22, 1989) is an American football offensive guard for the Texas Revolution of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). He was selected by the New York Jets in the sixth round, 203rd overall, in the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Baylor University. Griffin attended Navarro College immediately after graduating from high school, before transferring to Baylor in 2010. When he arrived the more famous Robert Griffin III was already on the roster. Sharing the same name as the quarterback brought Griffin some notoriety before the draft. The New York Jets

football All-Americans Michael Griffin (American football) Michael Devin Griffin (born January 4, 1985) is a former American football safety who played 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. A native of Austin, Texas, Griffin attended Bowie High School, where he was a two-year starter at running back and also started at defensive back as a senior. He earned honorable mention All-State Class 5A honors on offense and was also named Academic All-District and All-Central Texas as a

himself as the No. 2 quarterback prospect for the 2012 NFL Draft, behind the unanimous first pick projection Andrew Luck. Griffin was widely projected to be the No. 2 pick of the draft, but the St. Louis Rams—the team originally holding the pick—had already selected Sam Bradford to be their long-term starting quarterback with the No. 1 overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft. Wanting to stick with Bradford, the Rams decided to deal the pick prior to the draft, with the Cleveland Browns and Washington Redskins perceived as the most interested bidders. After a brief bidding process, the Redskins

physician, but a few days later the same physician declared Griffin not ready for the game, thus giving backup Kirk Cousins the start. After the win over the Ravens, Cousins was named the starter for the regular season opener and onward. On September 13, 2015, it was reported that Griffin was practicing as a safety with the scout team. He ended up third on the quarterback depth chart, behind Cousins and Colt McCoy, and remained inactive for the entire regular season. On March 7, 2016, Griffin was released by the Redskins. On March 24, 2016, Griffin signed a two-year, $15

"War of 1812"
to the United States. Some British officers and Canadians objected to handing back Prairie du Chien and especially Mackinac under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent. However, the Americans retained the captured post at Fort Malden, near Amherstburg, until the British complied with the treaty. Fighting between Americans, the Sauk, and other indigenous tribes continued through 1817, well after the war ended in the east. In 1812, Britain's Royal Navy was the world's largest, with over 600 cruisers in commission and some smaller vessels. Although most of these were involved in blockading the French navy and protecting British trade

The US Navy also forcibly recruited British sailors but the British government saw impressment as commonly accepted practice and preferred to rescue British sailors from American impressment on a case-by-case basis. The Northwest Territory, which consisted of the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, was the battleground for conflict between the Native American Nations and the United States. The British Empire had ceded the area to the United States in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, both sides ignoring the fact that the land was already inhabited by various Native American nations. These included the Miami, Winnebago,

Indian morale, Procter and Tecumseh attempted to storm Fort Stephenson, a small American post on the Sandusky River, only to be repulsed with serious losses, marking the end of the Ohio campaign. On Lake Erie, American commander Captain Oliver Hazard Perry fought the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813. His decisive victory at ""Put-in-Bay"" ensured American military control of the lake, improved American morale after a series of defeats, and compelled the British to fall back from Detroit. This paved the way for General Harrison to launch another invasion of Upper Canada, which culminated in the U.S. victory

either enforce that ""Endymion"" alone took ""President"" or that ""President"" surrendered to the whole squadron, when actually it was something in-between. Success in single ship battles raised American morale after the repeated failed invasion attempts in Upper and Lower Canada. However, these victories had no military effect on the war at sea as they did not alter the balance of naval power, impede British supplies and reinforcements, or even raise insurance rates for British trade. During the war, the United States Navy captured 165 British merchantmen (although privateers captured many more), while the Royal Navy captured 1,400 American merchantmen. More

some one-on-one actions at the war's start, the Royal Navy held supremacy throughout the war, blockading the U.S. coastline and ravaging coastal towns, including Washington, D.C. Yet in late 1814, the British offered surprisingly generous peace terms despite having amassed a large invasion force of veteran troops in Canada, naval supremacy in the Atlantic, an opponent that was effectively bankrupt, and an open secessionist movement in New England. He considers that the British offered the United States generous terms, in place of their initially harsh terms (which included massive forfeiture of land to Canada and the American Indians), because the

by Cockburn and General Robert Ross, was carried out between August 19 and 29, 1814, as the result of the hardened British policy of 1814. As part of this, Admiral Warren had been replaced as commander in chief by Admiral Alexander Cochrane, with reinforcements and orders to coerce the Americans into a favourable peace. A force of 2,500 soldiers under General Ross had just arrived in Bermuda aboard , three frigates, three sloops and ten other vessels. Released from the Peninsular War by victory, the British intended to use them for diversionary raids along the coasts of Maryland and Virginia.

War of 1812 The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815. Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theater of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right, though it was separate. From the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the US contested as illegal under international law. To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant

to enforce a blockade of major American ports to restrict American trade. Because of their numerical inferiority, the American strategy was to cause disruption through hit-and-run tactics, such as the capture of prizes and engaging Royal Navy vessels only under favourable circumstances. Days after the formal declaration of war, however, it put out two small squadrons, including the frigate ""President"" and the sloop under Commodore John Rodgers, and the frigates ""United States"" and , with the brig under Captain Stephen Decatur. These were initially concentrated as one unit under Rodgers, who intended to force the Royal Navy to concentrate its

the commander of the British post at Fort St. Joseph to initiate offensive operations against U.S. forces in northern Michigan, who it turned out, were not yet aware of their own government's declaration of war. The resulting Siege of Fort Mackinac on July 17 was the first major land engagement of the war, and ended in an easy British victory. The war was conducted in three theaters: Although the outbreak of the war had been preceded by years of angry diplomatic dispute, neither side was ready for war when it came. Britain was heavily engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, most

orders to their officers later operating in the Chesapeake Bay region to exact similar devastation on the American Federal capital village of Washington the following year). However, Kingston was strategically much more valuable to British supply and communications routes along the St. Lawrence corridor. Without control of Kingston, the U.S. Navy could not effectively control Lake Ontario or sever the British supply line from Lower Canada. On May 25, 1813 the guns of the American Lake Ontario squadron joined by Fort Niagara began bombarding Fort George. On May 27, 1813, an American amphibious force from Lake Ontario assaulted Fort George

india's first arctic research station set up in 2008 what is the name

"Himadri Station"
has been deployed in the Kongsfjorden fjord of the Arctic, roughly halfway between Norway and the North Pole is named ""IndARC"" Himadri Station The Himadri's functions include long term monitoring of the fjord (Kongsfjorden) dynamics, and atmospheric research. The primary goals of India's research includes research on aerosol radiation, space weather, food-web dynamics, microbial communities, glaciers, sedimentology, and carbon recycling. The research base has devoted time for the research of governance and policy of the Arctic. India has prioritised research and study in the fields of genetics, glaciology, geology, pollution in the atmosphere, and space weather among other fields. In

Himadri Station The Himadri's functions include long term monitoring of the fjord (Kongsfjorden) dynamics, and atmospheric research. The primary goals of India's research includes research on aerosol radiation, space weather, food-web dynamics, microbial communities, glaciers, sedimentology, and carbon recycling. The research base has devoted time for the research of governance and policy of the Arctic. India has prioritised research and study in the fields of genetics, glaciology, geology, pollution in the atmosphere, and space weather among other fields. In 2012–2013, a total of 25 scientists visited the base which was staffed for 185 days to carry out studies under 10

"Indian Antarctic Program"
Indian Antarctic Program The Indian Antarctic Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional program under the control of the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. It was initiated in 1981 with the first Indian expedition to Antarctica. The program gained global acceptance with India's signing of the Antarctic Treaty and subsequent construction of the Dakshin Gangotri Antarctic research base in 1983, superseded by the Maitri base from 1990. The newest base commissioned in 2015 is Bharati, constructed out of 134 shipping containers. Under the program, atmospheric, biological, earth, chemical, and medical sciences are studied

"National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research"
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research The National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) is an Indian research and development institution, situated in Vasco, Goa.In July 2018 it has been renamed as THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR POLAR AND OCEAN RESEARCH. It is an autonomous Institution of the Department of Ocean Development (DOD), Government of India which is responsible for administering the Indian Antarctic Programme and maintains the Indian government's Antarctic research station, Maitri. NCAOR was established on 25 May 1998, with Dr P C Pandey as its founding director. NCAOR is known for its participation in global experiments,

"Bharati (research station)"
Bharati (research station) Bharati (Hindi: भारती) is an Antarctic research station commissioned by India. It is India's third Antarctic research facility and one of two active Indian research stations, alongside Maitri. India's first committed research facility, Dakshin Gangotri, is being used as a supply base. India has demarcated an area beside Larsemann Hills at 69°S, 76°E for construction. The research station has been operational since 18 March 2012, though it is still being run on trial basis and formal launch is awaited. Since its completion, India has become one of nine nations to have multiple stations within the Antarctic Circle.

accomplished the mission of geomorphologic mapping of Schirmacher Oasis. Located beside Larsmann Hill at 69°S, 76°E, Bharati is established in 2015. This newest research station for oceanographic research will collect evidence of continental breakup to reveal the 120-million-year-old ancient history of the Indian subcontinent. In news sources this station was variously spelled ""Bharathi"", ""Bharti"" and ""Bharati"". Lieutenant Ram Charan, an Indian Navy meteorologist, was the first Indian to visit the Antarctica, in the South Pole, when he accompanied an Australian polar expedition in 1960. He died in a road accident in 1961. Indian Antarctic Program The Indian Antarctic Program is

hosting of international conferences and in the leadership of international committees concerned with Antarctic science. At present, NCAOR is an agency working under Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India since 2006, by the notification of the President of India. NCAOR complex is a home to a special low-temperature laboratory and is setting up a National Antarctic Data Centre and a Polar Museum. The NCAOR operates in different fields or tasks: This centre was previously referred to as Antarctic Study Centre. It came into existence with joining of Dr Prem Chand Pandey as the director on 12 May 1997. National

as the GSAT series. Kalpana-1, ISRO's first dedicated meteorological satellite, was launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on 12 September 2002. The satellite was originally known as MetSat-1. In February 2003 it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in memory of Kalpana Chawla – a NASA astronaut of Indian origin who perished in the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" disaster. ISRO has also launched the Indo-French satellite SARAL on 25 February 2013, 12:31 UTC. SARAL (or ""Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa"") is a cooperative altimetry technology mission. It is being used for monitoring the oceans

"Research stations in Queen Maud Land"
with the shelf ice at about 200 meters per year towards the open sea. After almost ten years of work on the project, beginning in October 1999, including conception, environmental impact assessment, planning and construction phases, regular operation of the station began on 20 February 2009. The station replaces the Neumayer-Station II and the Georg-von-Neumayer-Station that preceded it. The expected lifespan of the station is 25 to 30 years and the entire project is estimated to cost €39 million. Maitri station succeeded Dakshin Gangotri station in 1989, India's first Antarctic base. Maitri's research focus on geology, and the study of

Antarctic's vast ice-sheets yield information 'on the palaeoclimate and eco-history of the earth as records of wind-blown dust, volcanic ash or radioactivity are preserved in the ice as it gets accumulated over time'. The NCAOR developed a polar research & development laboratory with a 'low-temperature laboratory complex at −20 °C for preservation and analysis of ice core and snow samples' according to S.D. Gad (2008). The 'ice core' samples are held, processed, and analyzed in containment units designed by such technology. Storage cases made of poly propylene also ensure that the samples do not alter characteristics and are preserved for

(Brock Peters), against an accusation of rape of a white girl, Mayella Ewell (Collin Wilcox). Atticus accepts the case. Jem and Scout experience schoolyard taunts for their father's decision. Later, as Atticus is sitting in front of the local jail to safeguard Robinson, a lynch mob arrives, which includes Mr. Cunningham. Scout, Jem and their friend, Dill (John Megna), interrupt the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mob's purpose, recognizes Cunningham as the man who paid her father in hickory nuts and tells him to say hello to his son, who is her schoolmate. Cunningham becomes embarrassed and the mob disperses.

to turn the other cheek, and to stand for what you believe. He also allows his children to call him by his first name. Early in the film, the children see their father accept hickory nuts, and other produce, from Mr. Cunningham (Crahan Denton) for legal work because the client has no money. Through their father's work as a lawyer, Scout and Jem begin to learn of the racism and evil in their town, aggravated by poverty; they mature quickly as they are exposed to it. The local judge (Paul Fix) appoints Atticus to defend a black man, Tom Robinson

In a town where whites are viewed as superior to blacks, Tom's sympathy for Mayella dooms his case, and he is found guilty. As Atticus leaves the courtroom, the black spectators in the balcony rise to their feet as a sign of respect and appreciation. Reverend Sykes says to Scout, ""Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing."" When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Heck Tate (Frank Overton) tells him that Tom has been killed by a deputy during his transfer to prison. According to this deputy, Tom was trying to escape, ""running like a crazy man"" before he was shot.

At the trial, it is undisputed that Tom came to Mayella's home at her request to help with the chopping up of a chifforobe, and that Mayella showed signs of having been beaten around that time. Among Atticus' chief arguments is that Tom has a crippled left arm, yet the supposed rapist would have had to make extensive use of his left hand in assaulting Mayella before raping her. Atticus then points out that Mayella's father, Bob Ewell (James Anderson), is left handed, implying that he – rather than Tom – was the one who beat Mayella. Atticus also states

Scout what happened, she sees a man standing quietly in the corner behind the door of Jem's room. Atticus formally introduces Scout to Arthur Radley, whom she has known as Boo, the man who came to the aid of Jem and Scout in the woods. It is revealed that Boo had overpowered Bob Ewell before carrying Jem home. The sheriff reports that Ewell was discovered dead at the scene of the attack with a knife in his ribs. Atticus assumes that Jem killed Ewell in self-defense. Sheriff Tate, however, believes that Boo killed Ewell in defense of the children, and

that the girl had not been examined by a doctor to check for signs of rape after the supposed assault. In his closing argument Atticus asks the all-white male jury to cast aside their prejudices and instead focus on Tom's obvious innocence. In taking the stand in his own defense, Tom denies he attacked Mayella, but states she kissed him. He testifies he voluntarily assisted Mayella because ""I felt sorry for her because…"". Although Tom does not finish his sentence, the prosecutor (William Windom) hammers home the point that he was a black man feeling sorry for a white woman.

mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the night before Tom Robinson's trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her speech is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; one shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn away a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it

"The Black Bird"
with some terrible ones."" When San Francisco private detective Sam Spade dies, his son, Sam, Jr., inherits his father's agency, including the sarcastic secretary, Effie Perine (also known as ""Godzilla""). He must also continue his father's tradition of ""serving minorities."" When Caspar Gutman is killed outside Spade's building, his dying words are, ""It's black and as long as your arm."" Spade is given an offer by a member of the Order of St. John's Hospital to purchase his father's useless copy of the Maltese Falcon. A right-wing thug named Gordon Immerman has been hired to make sure Spade delivers the

the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. Jem suffers a broken arm in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley. Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be

"Condensate pump"
they range in size up to many horsepower and the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form of mechanical coupling. Large industrial pumps may also serve as the feedwater pump for returning the condensate under pressure to a boiler. Condensate pumps usually run intermittently and have a tank in which condensate can accumulate. Eventually, the accumulating liquid raises a float switch energizing the pump. The pump then runs until the level of liquid in the tank is substantially lowered. Some pumps contain a two-stage switch. As liquid rises to the trigger point of the first

"Condensing steam locomotive"
is no longer available to draw the fire, by use of the blastpipe. The draught must thus be generated instead by a steam-driven fan. Where possible, this has been arranged to use exhaust steam, although in some cases live steam was required, with extra steam and thus fuel consumption. Steam locomotive condensers may be water-cooled or air-cooled. Here, the exhaust steam is blown into cold water in the locomotive's water tanks. A non-return system must be fitted, to prevent water from the tanks being drawn into the cylinders when the steam is shut off. This system was mainly used for

routed to a sewer, plumbing drain, or the outside world via PVCl plastic tubing (condensate drain line). If the outlet of the line is at a higher level than the tank of the pump, a check valve is often fitted at the outlet of the pump so that liquid cannot flow backwards into the pump's tank. If the outlet is below the tank level, siphonage usually naturally clears the output line of all liquid when the pump is deenergized. In cold regions of the world, it is important that condensate lines that are exhausted outside be carefully designed so that

condenser is primarily either to recover water, or to avoid excessive emissions to the atmosphere, rather than maintaining a vacuum to improve both efficiency and power. Unlike the surface condenser often used on a steam turbine or marine steam engine, the condensing apparatus on a steam locomotive does not normally increase the power output, rather it decreases. In fact it may reduce it considerably. Condensing the steam from a high volume gas to a low volume liquid causes a significant pressure drop, which usually would add additional power in most steam engines. Whilst more power is potentially available by expanding

"Condenser (heat transfer)"
used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers. Other Types of Condensers In the world of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), condensers happen to be a topic of great importance. Instead of confusing information, the goal is to provide some basic information on the different types of condensers and their applications. There are three other condensers used in HVAC systems Applications: Most common uses for this condenser are domestic refrigerators, upright freezers and in residential

"Ice storage air conditioning"
to produce an ice pile. Water then circulates through the pile during the day to produce chilled water that would normally be the chiller's daytime output. A partial storage system minimizes capital investment by running the chillers nearly 24 hours a day. At night, they produce ice for storage and during the day they chill water for the air conditioning system. Water circulating through the melting ice augments their production. Such a system usually runs in ice-making mode for 16 to 18 hours a day and in ice-melting mode for six hours a day. Capital expenditures are minimized because the

"Air conditioning"
water on the outside of a glass. Therefore, water vapor is removed from the cooled air and the relative humidity in the room is lowered. The water is usually sent to a drain or may simply drip onto the ground outdoors. The heat is rejected by the condenser which is located outside of room to be cooled. Most modern air-conditioning systems feature a dehumidification cycle during which the compressor runs while the fan is slowed as much as possible to reduce the evaporator temperature and therefore condense more water. When the temperature falls below a threshold, both the fan and

stage, the pump is activated. If the liquid continues to rise (perhaps because the pump has failed or its discharge is blocked), the second stage will be triggered. This stage may switch off the HVAC equipment (preventing the production of further condensate), trigger an alarm, or both. Some systems may include two pumps to service the tank. In this case, the two pumps often alternate operation, and a two-stage switch serves to energize the on-duty pump at the first stage and then energize the remaining pump at the second stage. This second stage action is in addition to any triggering

"Thermic siphon"
Thermic siphon Thermic siphons (alt. thermic syphons) are heat-exchanging elements in the firebox or combustion chamber of some steam boiler and steam locomotive designs. As they are directly exposed to the radiant heat of combustion, they have a high evaporative capacity relative to their size. By arranging them near-vertically, they also have good water circulation by means of the thermosyphon effect. The concept of a self-circulating thermic syphon began with stationary boilers and relatively simple Galloway tubes. They reached their peak in steam locomotive boilers, where the complexity of a syphon was justified by the need for a compact and

Icemaker
effect ranges from to . They compress gas by utilizing a piston pushed by a crank shaft. Rotary compressors, mainly used in air conditioning equipment, have a very low refrigerating effect, normally not exceeding . They work by compressing gas using a piston pushed by a rotor, which spins in an isolated compartment. All condensers can be classified as one of three types: air cooling, water cooling, or evaporative cooling. A tube ice generator is an ice generator in which the water is frozen in tubes that are extended vertically within a surrounding casing—the freezing chamber. At the bottom of

Krishna
Krishna Krishna (, ; ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right. He is the god of compassion, tenderness, and love in Hinduism, and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar. The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna's life are generally titled as ""Krishna Leela"". He is a

Hanuman
Hanuman Hanuman (; IAST: ""Hanumān"", Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic ""Ramayana"" found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the ""Mahabharata"", the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, (although scholar-Buddhists find no trace of the name in the Buddhist canon) and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the

Balarama
the Jataka Tales that form part of Buddhist scriptures, depict Balarama as a previous birth of Lord Gautama Buddha and Krishna depicted as the previous birth of Buddha's disciple Sariputta. Balarama Balarama (Sanskrit: बलराम, IAST: ""Balarāma"") is a Hindu god and the elder brother of Krishna . He is particularly significant in the Jagannath tradition, as one of the triad deities. He is also known as Baladeva, Balabhadra, Haladhara and Halayudha. The first two epithets refer to his strength, the last two associate him with ""Hala"" (""Langala"", ""plough"") from his strong associations with farming and farmers, as the deity who

Jayanta
Jayanta In Hindu mythology, Jayanta (, ""victorious""), also spelled as Jayanta, is the son of Indra, the king of the gods (devas) and his consort Indrani. He resides in Svarga, the Hindu heaven, governed by Indra. He has a sister called Jayanti. He appears in various Hindu scriptures as fighting wars on behalf of the gods and his father. Jayanta also appears in the epic ""Ramayana"" and other lore, in which he disguises himself as a crow. In the ""Sundara Kanda"" (fifth Book of the epic ""Ramayana""), when Hanuman meets Sita, she narrates an incident that happened in the forest

Balarama
Balarama Balarama (Sanskrit: बलराम, IAST: ""Balarāma"") is a Hindu god and the elder brother of Krishna . He is particularly significant in the Jagannath tradition, as one of the triad deities. He is also known as Baladeva, Balabhadra, Haladhara and Halayudha. The first two epithets refer to his strength, the last two associate him with ""Hala"" (""Langala"", ""plough"") from his strong associations with farming and farmers, as the deity who used farm equipment as weapons when needed. While some legends and texts consider Balarama as avatar of Shesha – the companion of Vishnu, he is considered to be an avatar

Pradyumna
Pradyumna Pradyumna () is the name of a character in the Srimad Bhagavatam. He was the son of Lord Krishna and Radha, later given him to Rukmini as per her demand. Pradyumna is considered as one of the four vyuha avatars of Vishnu. According to some accounts, Pradyumna was an incarnation of Kamadeva, the god of love. Pradyumna is also a name of the Hindu god Vishnu, being referred to as Vishnu Ankar Gupta. He is one in 24 Keshava Namas (names), praised in all pujas. It is also the only name in Sanskrit with all the 3 letters joint

Neminatha
He is believed in Jainism to be the cousin of the Hindu god Krishna, and his iconography includes the same conch as found with the Hindu god Vishnu. He was born at Sauripura (Dvaraka) in the Yadu lineage, like Krishna. His birth date is the 5th day of ""Shravana Shukla"" in the Hindu calendar. He herded cattle and became fond of animals. According to Jain mythology, on his wedding day Neminatha heard the cries of animals being killed for the marriage feast, and moved by the sorrow he renounced the world – a scene found in many Jain artwork. He

Rama
Rama Rama or Ram (; Sanskrit: राम, IAST: ""Rāma""), also known as Ramachandra, is the name of ""Shuddh Brahm"" who took avatar in Treta Yuga. He is the seventh avatar of the god Vishnu, one of his most popular incarnations along with Krishna and Gautama Buddha. In Rama-centric traditions of Hinduism, he is considered the Supreme Being. Rama was born to Kaushalya and Dasharatha in Ayodhya, the ruler of the Kingdom of Kosala. His siblings included Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. He married Sita. Though born in a royal family, their life is described in the Hindu texts as one challenged

Lakshmana
Lakshmana Lakshmana (, IAST: lakṣmaṇa, lit. ""he who has the signs of fortune""), also spelled as Laxman or Lakhan, is the younger brother of Rama and his aide in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. He is also known by other names- Saumitra (, IAST: saumitra, lit. ""son of Sumitra""), Ramanuja (, IAST: rāmānuja, lit. ""younger brother of Rama"") and Bharatanuja (, IAST: bharatānuja, lit. ""younger brother of Bharata"") or Laxman. Lakshmana is the twin brother of Shatrughna. According to the ""Valmiki Ramayana"", Lakshmana is one quarter (25%) component of the manifestation of Lord Vishnu and is considered to be an

Krishna
teacher for humanity along with Buddha. Krishna was canonised by Aleister Crowley and is recognised as a saint of Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica in the Gnostic Mass of Ordo Templi Orientis. Krishna Krishna (, ; ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right. He is the god of compassion, tenderness, and love in Hinduism, and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Janmashtami according to the lunisolar

ring for up to 150 rings for the winning team; any additional costs are borne by the team. Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015, the rings for the New England Patriots reportedly cost $36,500 each, making them the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced. The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have given rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite

Super Bowl ring The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolise their victory. These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and Super Bowl number (usually indicated in Roman numerals). The NFL contributes up to $5,000 per

"Super Bowl XL"
sum is roughly $86,000. After having held constant at $600 for three years, the face value of the costliest Super Bowl ticket rose to $700 for the game. On eBay, the least-desirable seats—those behind each end zone in the upper level—fetched more than $2000 each, while top seats around the 50-yard line sold for more than $6000. The ring for the Pittsburgh Steelers was designed by Steelers owner Dan Rooney with Jerome Bettis and Ben Roethlisberger. It is crowned by five Vince Lombardi trophies, all topped with football-shaped diamond settings to represent their five Super Bowl victories. Rooney would have

The Super Bowl XL rings were produced by the Minneapolis-based jewelry company Jostens, which is the primary supplier of Super Bowl champion rings and has made 31 rings in the Super Bowl's 50-year history through 2017. The National Football League covers the cost of 150 rings, paying up to $5,000 for each (three quarters of a million dollars). If a team wants a fancier look, such as player names, more gems or detailed designs, or more than 150 rings, then the team owner has to foot the bill for the extra cost. Super Bowl XL Super Bowl XL was an

In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's 1990 Super Bowl ring for more than $250,000. In 2005, a minor international incident was caused when it was reported that Russian President Vladimir Putin had taken a Super Bowl ring from New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft. Kraft quickly issued a statement saying that he had given Putin the ring out of ""respect and admiration"" he had for the Russian people and Putin's leadership. Kraft later said his earlier statement was not true, and had been issued under pressure from the White House. The ring is on display at the Kremlin,

"Soak Up the Sun"
Soak Up the Sun ""Soak Up the Sun"" is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow. It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album ""C'mon C'mon"". The song, which features backing vocals by Liz Phair, peaked at number one on the ""Billboard"" Adult Top 40 chart and reached number five on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and number 17 on the Hot 100 chart, receiving a Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2005 for sales exceeding 500,000 copies. In addition, ""Soak Up the Sun"" (remixed

"I Live for the Sun"
I Live for the Sun ""I Live for the Sun"" is a 1965 single written by Rick Henn and performed by American pop band The Sunrays. It reached #51 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, #20 on the Australian Singles Chart and was also a Top 20 hit in the UK when covered by Vanity Fare. It was included on their 1966 studio album, ""Andrea"", on Tower Records. The song gained popularity through the television appearances the group made on a teenage soap opera of the mid-'60s titled ""Never Too Young"". The song's success was arguably a result of positive public

on the North Shore of Oahu, Hawaii features Crow performing on the beach, as well as various vacationers surfing in the ocean and jumping off a waterfall. European CD single (Cat No.: 497 688-2) UK CD single 1 (Cat No.: 497 704-2) UK CD single 2 (Cat. No.: 497 705-2) CD remixes single (Cat. No.: 497 721-2) Soak Up the Sun ""Soak Up the Sun"" is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow. It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album ""C'mon C'mon"". The song, which features backing vocals by Liz

"Splish Splash (song)"
Splish Splash (song) ""Splish Splash"" is a 1958 song performed and co-written by Bobby Darin. It was written with DJ Murray the K (Murray Kaufman), who bet that Darin could not write a song that began with the words, ""Splish Splash, I was takin' a bath"", as suggested by Murray's mother, Jean Kaufman. The song was credited to Darin and ""Jean Murray"" (a combination of their names) to avoid any hint of payola. It was Darin's first hit and the song helped to give him a major boost in his career, reaching No. 3 on the U.S. pop singles chart

response to the group's alternative musical fare and fresh new sound. Also included on a 1977 K-Tel album called ""Here comes summer"". The song is credited "" The Surfers"". A cover version of the song was done by Jeffrey Foskett who worked with Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys. The song was also covered by the Surf Punks on their 1980 album My Beach with a few lyrical changes. Band member Eddy Medora on the origin of the song: ""I had a chorus that went, 'Run Run Run' and Ricky Henn called me up to come over and finish it.

"C'mon, C'mon"
C'mon, C'mon C'mon, C'mon is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on April 8, 2002 in the United Kingdom and April 16, 2002 in the United States. Lead single ""Soak Up the Sun"" peaked at No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart and No. 17 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, becoming one of her biggest hits since ""All I Wanna Do"". The album was arguably her most pop-influenced to date, a big departure from the folk and experimental influences on her previous release, ""The Globe Sessions"". ""C'mon, C'mon"" debuted at No. 2 on the UK

"Walking in the Rain (Flash and the Pan song)"
Walking in the Rain (Flash and the Pan song) ""Walking in the Rain"" is a 1978 song by Australian band Flash and the Pan. The song was originally composed and recorded by Australian band Flash and the Pan (the songwriting and producing team of ex-Easybeats Harry Vanda and George Young), and included on their eponymous 1979 debut album. In 1981 it was covered by Grace Jones, who included it on ""Nightclubbing"", her second Compass Point album and later released as the last single from the record. The song was released in various remixes, among them a 7:30 12"" mix including

and No. 2 on the R&B Best Sellers chart. ""Splish Splash"" was Darin's only entry on the C&W Best Sellers in Stores chart, where it peaked at No. 14. In a 1967 interview, Darin claimed that he was so happy about having his first hit that his skin condition cleared up. ""Splish Splash"" was recorded in a session at New York's Atlantic Studios on the evening of April 10, 1958. The personnel on the original recording included Jesse Powell on tenor sax, Al Caiola, Billy Mure on guitar, Wendell Marshall on bass, and Panama Francis on drums. Original copies of

"Car Wash (song)"
Car Wash (song) ""Car Wash"" is a hit song by American R&B band Rose Royce. It was the group's debut single and one of the most notable successes of the 1970s disco era. ""Car Wash"", the theme of the 1976 motion picture ""Car Wash"", was Rose Royce's most successful single and the lead single from their debut studio album, the . Reaching number-one in the United States on the ""Billboard"" pop and R&B charts, ""Car Wash"" also peaked at number three on the dance chart and reached number nine in the UK Singles chart in February 1977. The song was

Album Chart and on the ""Billboard"" 200, with first-week sales of 185,000 copies in the United States. The album has been certified Platinum in the U.S. and Japan, selling 2.1 million units in the U.S. as of January 2008. The album is dedicated to Crow's former boyfriend Owen Wilson and is an account of their relationship. Grammys American Music Awards C'mon, C'mon C'mon, C'mon is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on April 8, 2002 in the United Kingdom and April 16, 2002 in the United States. Lead single ""Soak Up the Sun"" peaked at No.

"Chrysler minivans (RT)"
levels: SE, SE Plus, and SXT. The SXT Plus and GT trim levels have been discontinued for 2018, according to Dodge's Online Build-and-Price Tool. All trim levels get new standard equipment, some of which was previously optional for those trim levels. The base SE, starting at $25,995 includes standard equipment such as: front and second-row rear power windows and rear third-row quarter vent windows, keyless entry, manually-sliding side rear doors, seventeen-inch black-painted steel wheels with plastic wheel covers, the U Connect 430 radio (A/M-F/M radio, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, single-disc CD/MP3/DVD/DVD Audio player, USB input, 3.5-millimeter (3.5mm) auxiliary audio input jack,

levels also offer a Blacktop Package, which adds a blacked-out front upper grille, darkened front head and rear tail lamps, black-finished seventeen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, and an all-black interior color scheme. Options that have been deleted for the 2018 model year include the nine-speaker premium amplified surround-sound audio system, the dual-screen rear DVD entertainment system, and leather-and-suede seating surfaces. Production began in November 2017 of 2018 model year Dodge Grand Caravans due to the newly-revised 2018 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, which now requires that all new vehicles sold in the United States include standard side-impact airbags, which the Grand Caravan

"Vehicle identification number"
manufacturers since the 1980s have used the eighth digit to identify the engine type whenever there is more than one engine choice for the vehicle. Example: for the 2007 Chevrolet Corvette, U is for a 6.0-liter V8 engine, and E is for a 7.0 L V8. One element that is fairly consistent is the use of position nine as a check digit, compulsory for vehicles in North America and China, and used fairly consistently elsewhere. The 10th to 17th positions are used as the 'vehicle identifier section' (VIS). This is used by the manufacturer to identify the individual vehicle in

Chrysler minivans (RT) The RT-platform Chrysler minivans are a series of passenger minivans marketed by Chrysler starting in model year 2008, the fifth in six generations of Chrysler minivans. Depending on the market, these vans were known as the Dodge Grand Caravan, Chrysler Town & Country, Chrysler Grand Voyager, Lancia Voyager and the Volkswagen Routan, a modified version sold by Volkswagen in North America. Only long wheelbase models were offered with the Dodge Journey replacing the short wheelbase model. While most versions were discontinued in 2016 with the launch of the Chrysler Pacifica minivan, the Grand Caravan remains in production

Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) New Car Assessment Program crash testing, the 2010 Dodge Grand Caravan achieved a five star (top safety) rating in several categories. The 2.4 L ""EDZ"" I4 was dropped, with the 3.3 L ""EGA"" V6 standard. The 3.8 L ""EGH"" V6 engine was optional on mid level models, with a 4.0L SOHC V6 engine optional as the top level engine. A 2.8 L ""RA428"" I4 diesel was available on export models, while the 3.3L wasn't offered in Europe. The 3.3L got a 4 speed Ultradrive automatic transmission, while all the other engines came with a new

"Vehicle markings of the United States military"
Vehicle markings of the United States military United States Army vehicles must be marked with a unit designation to foster accountability and promote attention to detail during maintenance operations. The term ""bumper number"" refers the combination of numbers and letters on the front and rear of a vehicle that uniquely identify that vehicle. There are many regulations that govern the use of bumper numbers. These regulations serve to standardize markings across the Army in order to improve efficiency and ensure markings add to combat readiness. The appearance of bumper numbers is a quick and representative sampling of the maintenance status

Vehicle identification number A vehicle identification number (VIN) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as defined in ISO 3779 (content and structure) and ISO 4030 (location and attachment). VINs were first used in 1954 in the United States. From 1954 to 1981, there was no accepted standard for these numbers, so different manufacturers used different formats. In 1981, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States standardized the format. It required all on-road vehicles sold to contain a 17-character VIN,

The suspension was heavily re-tuned, with both Dodge and Chrysler minivans gaining a larger front sway bar and new rear sway bar, increased rear roll center height, adjusted spring rates, a new steering gear, a revised front static camber setting, and lowered ride height. This dramatically improved handling in both the Chrysler and Dodge. Other changes included extra sound insulation, acoustic glass, new seats, softer-touch surfaces, new LED ambient lighting and center console, and halogen projector headlamps with LED accents. The Chrysler models were adjusted so that instead of competing against equivalent Dodge trim levels, they were above Dodge in

6 speed 62TE automatic transmission. In 2011, the 3.3L, 3.8L and 4.0L engines were all dropped, replaced with the ""Pentastar"" 3.6 L V6, which came with the 62TE transmission. Grand Caravan: Automotive news reported that, from January to October in 2010, Dodge sold about a third of its 2010 Grand Caravans to rental fleets. The number of returned ex-rental 2010 Grand Caravan to the market jumped fourfold between July to October, depressing prices of used 2009 and 2010 Dodge minivans by as much as 20%. Town & Country: For 2018, the Dodge Grand Caravan is only available in three trim

"History of Chrysler"
rank. Despite having been officially retired under Daimler, the Pentastar continued to be used as the identifying trademark or logo on Chrysler Group parts, as seen on window glass, on individual components, molded plastic assemblies, and larger parts such as (reportedly) engine blocks. The Pentastar was officially reintroduced in 2007; however, was replaced with the stylized letters ""FCA"" for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2014. The Pentastar is also used as the badge of the United States Army's V Corps. Divisional logos began to supplant the companywide Pentastar application in the early 1990s. The Dodge division phased in a ram's-head logo

are then tested for microorganisms, toxic chemicals, and other contaminants that could potentially harm users of the water supply system. In 2015, the DEP performed 383,000 tests on 31,700 water samples. Brooklyn has had many water reservoirs; they can be seen on an 1864 map of Brooklyn Waterworks. They are listed below, from east to west: In order to comply with federal and state laws regarding the filtration and disinfection of drinking water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New York State Department of Health called on the city to create a treatment plan to serve the Croton

System. The underground filtration plant is under construction in Van Cortlandt Park. While the Bloomberg administration originally budgeted the project at $992 million in 2003, an audit by the city's comptroller placed the actual costs at $2.1 billion in August 2009. The New York City water supply system leaks at a rate of up to per day. A complex five-year project with an estimated $240 million construction cost was initiated in November 2008, to correct some of this leakage. The construction of Water tunnel No. 3 is intended to provide the city with a critical third connection to its Upstate

"Rob Reiner"
rejected organized religion, he was sympathetic to the ideas of Buddhism. In addition to his four children, Reiner has five grandchildren, through his adopted daughter Tracy. Rob Reiner Robert Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, director, producer, and writer. As an actor, Reiner first came to national prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on ""All in the Family"" (1971–1979), a role that earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s. As a director, Reiner was recognized by the Directors Guild of America (DGA) with nominations for the coming of age comedy-drama film ""Stand by Me"" (1986),

Rob Reiner Robert Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, director, producer, and writer. As an actor, Reiner first came to national prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on ""All in the Family"" (1971–1979), a role that earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s. As a director, Reiner was recognized by the Directors Guild of America (DGA) with nominations for the coming of age comedy-drama film ""Stand by Me"" (1986), the romantic comedy ""When Harry Met Sally..."" (1989), and the military courtroom drama ""A Few Good Men"" (1992). He also directed the psychological horror-thriller ""Misery"" (1990),

"Michael Stivic"
Michael Stivic Michael Casimir ""Mike"" Stivic is a fictional character on the 1970s American television sitcom ""All in the Family"". He was the live-in son-in-law of the series' lead character, Archie Bunker, who frequently called him ""Meathead"". Michael was the husband of Archie's daughter Gloria (played by Sally Struthers). Rob Reiner played the role of Michael Stivic throughout the series. The character of Michael Stivic is an Americanized version of the British original: ""Till Death Us Do Part""'s Mike Rawlins, the Trotskyist ""Randy Scouse Git"" who arouses the passionate ire of his arch-conservative father-in-law Alf Garnett. For the American version

"Joey Stivic"
had been played most often by alternating twins Jason and Justin Draeger), the Joey Stivic character next appeared in the ""All in the Family"" spin-off series (some call it a continuation of the original) ""Archie Bunker's Place"", in a guest appearance in the November 1979 episode ""Thanksgiving Reunion"". (Played by three-year-old Cory R. Miller, the character also appeared in the two-part December 1978 ""All in the Family"" episode ""California, Here We Are,"" after Reiner and Struthers were no longer series regulars.) On ""Archie Bunker's Place"", the character was played by child actor Dick Billingsley and was appropriately pre-school age. With

Nobel Prize and they'd write 'Meathead wins the Nobel Prize'."" A later episode of ""All in the Family"" reveals that Archie Bunker himself was referred to as ""Meathead"" in his youth. Norman Lear said his father used to call him ""Meathead"". Michael Stivic Michael Casimir ""Mike"" Stivic is a fictional character on the 1970s American television sitcom ""All in the Family"". He was the live-in son-in-law of the series' lead character, Archie Bunker, who frequently called him ""Meathead"". Michael was the husband of Archie's daughter Gloria (played by Sally Struthers). Rob Reiner played the role of Michael Stivic throughout the

Joey Stivic Joseph Michael ""Joey"" Stivic is a fictional character who first appeared on the 1970s American sitcom ""All in the Family"". Joey Stivic was the son and only child of Mike Stivic (played by Rob Reiner) and Gloria Stivic (played by Sally Struthers), and the grandson of Archie Bunker (Carroll O'Connor) and Edith Bunker (Jean Stapleton). The character first appeared as a newborn baby in a two-part episode of ""All in the Family"" that aired in December 1975. After many appearances on ""All in the Family"" until Reiner and Struthers left the series in 1978 (by that time, Joey

In the late 1960s, Reiner acted in bit roles in several television shows including ""Batman"", ""The Andy Griffith Show"", ""Room 222"", ""Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C."" and ""The Beverly Hillbillies"". He began his career writing for the ""Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour"" in 1968 and 1969, with Steve Martin as his writing partner as the two youngest writers on the show. Two years later, Reiner became famous playing Michael Stivic, Archie Bunker's liberal son-in-law, on Norman Lear's 1970s situation comedy ""All in the Family"", which was the most-watched television program in the United States for five seasons (1971–1976). The character's nickname, Meathead, became

"Danny Dayton"
Danny Dayton Danny Dayton (born Daniel David Segall, November 20, 1923 – February 6, 1999) was an American actor and television director. Beginning in the 1950s, he played many roles in film and on TV. He had a recurring role as Hank Pivnik on ""All in the Family"" and had guest roles in ""M*A*S*H"", ""The Incredible Hulk"", ""Charlie's Angels"" and ""The Love Boat"". Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University, before turning to acting. In addition to acting, Dayton also directed episodes of ""Occasional Wife"", ""Here's Lucy"", and the short lived series ""Good Morning, World"". On

"Lori Shannon"
Lori Shannon Lori Shannon (May 18, 1938 - February 13, 1984), born Don Seymour McLean, was an openly gay female impersonator who was associated with the drag revues at Finocchio's club in San Francisco. He wrote an entertainment column for the ""Bay Area Reporter"". Shannon stood in his heels and considered himself ""a stand-up comic in a dress"", who relished startling tourists with one-liners at Finocchio's.To the American television audience, Shannon was best known for portraying female impersonator Beverly LaSalle in three episodes of the CBS sitcom ""All in the Family"". The episodes in which he appears are ""Archie the

"Warren Christie"
Warren Christie Hans Warren Christie (born 4 November 1975) is a Canadian television and film actor known for his roles as Ray Cataldo on the ABC drama ""October Road"" and as Aidan ""Greggy"" Stiviletto on the ABC series ""Happy Town"". More recently, Christie starred as Cameron Hicks in the SyFy series ""Alphas"". He recurs on the Fox series ""The Resident"". Warren Christie was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, but spent most of his childhood in London, Ontario. He left London for the University of Windsor after being recruited to play college football. It was during his years at Windsor that

of the last king of the original ruling dynasty, who was overthrown by Robert Baratheon – are running for their lives and trying to win back the throne. Daenerys becomes married to Khal Drogo (Jason Momoa), the leader of the nomadic Dothraki. Her retinue includes the exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont (Iain Glen), her aide Missandei (Nathalie Emmanuel) and the sellsword Daario Naharis (Michiel Huisman). In January 2006, David Benioff had a phone conversation with George R. R. Martin's literary agent about the books he represented, and became interested in ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" as he had been

of advisors includes the crafty Master of Coin Lord Petyr ""Littlefinger"" Baelish (Aidan Gillen) and the eunuch spymaster Lord Varys (Conleth Hill). Robert's brother, Stannis Baratheon (Stephen Dillane), is advised by foreign priestess Melisandre (Carice van Houten) and former smuggler Ser Davos Seaworth (Liam Cunningham). The wealthy Tyrell family is represented at court by Margaery Tyrell (Natalie Dormer). The High Sparrow (Jonathan Pryce) is the capital's religious leader. In the southern principality of Dorne, Ellaria Sand (Indira Varma) seeks vengeance against the Lannisters. Across the Narrow Sea, siblings Viserys (Harry Lloyd) and Daenerys Targaryen (Emilia Clarke) – the exiled children

"Samantha Spiro"
Samantha Spiro Samantha Spiro (born 20 June 1968) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Barbara Windsor in the stage play ""Cleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick"" and the television film ""Cor, Blimey!"", DI Vivien Friend in """", and Melessa Tarly in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"". She has won two Laurence Olivier Awards. Born in Whitechapel, London, England, Spiro grew up in Radlett, Hertfordshire. She is Jewish. Spiro decided to be an actress at the age of ten, after seeing a production of ""Androcles and the Lion"" at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park. She joined

"Maria Doyle Kennedy"
Maria Doyle Kennedy Maria Doyle Kennedy (born 25 September 1964) is an Irish singer, songwriter, and actress. With a singing and acting career that has spanned nearly 30 years, she has established herself as one of Ireland's most prolific artists and entertainers. As an actress, she is best known for her extensive television roles as Patsy on ""Father Ted"" (1998), Catherine of Aragon on ""The Tudors"" (2007–2010), Vera Bates on ""Downton Abbey"" (2011), and Siobhán Sadler on ""Orphan Black"" (2013–2017). As a musician, she is well known for her world-wide hit folk albums ""Mütter"" and ""Sing"". Her new self-titled album

"Sophie Winkleman"
problems, but faced weeks of recuperation. Sophie Winkleman Sophie Winkleman (born 5 August 1980) is an English actress. She is the wife of Lord Frederick Windsor, son of Queen Elizabeth II's first cousin Prince Michael of Kent, and as such is also known as Lady Frederick Windsor. Winkleman was born in Primrose Hill, London. Her father, Barry Winkleman, published the ""Times Atlas of World History"", her mother is the children's author Cindy Black, and her half-sister by her father's first marriage is the television presenter Claudia Winkleman. Sophie Winkleman was educated at the City of London School for Girls and

"Paola Dionisotti"
Paola Dionisotti Paola Dionisotti (; born 1946) is an actress active on stage and British television since 1975. A character actress best known on television for recurring roles as Lady Patricia Broughall in ""Forever Green"" and Aunt Nicholls in ""Harbour Lights"", she also has had prominent roles in ""Miss Marple"" and ""Midsomer Murders"". She is also known for playing Lady Waynwood in the HBO fantasy series ""Game of Thrones"". On the stage, she is noted for her Shakespearean roles. She starred in Michael Bogdanov's 1978 Royal Shakespeare Company production of ""The Taming of the Shrew"" at the Aldwych. In 2014,

Oona Chaplin Oona Castilla Chaplin (born 4 June 1986) is a Spanish-British actress. Her roles include Talisa Maegyr in the HBO TV series ""Game of Thrones"", ""The Crimson Field"" and the series ""Taboo"". A member of the Chaplin family, she is the daughter of actress Geraldine Chaplin, the granddaughter of English filmmaker and actor Charlie Chaplin, and the great-granddaughter of American playwright Eugene O'Neill. She was named after her maternal grandmother Oona O'Neill, Charlie's wife. Oona Chaplin was born in Madrid to Anglo-American actress Geraldine Chaplin and Chilean-Romanian cinematographer Patricio Castilla. Her paternal grandmother is Mapuche. She was named after

Sophie Winkleman Sophie Winkleman (born 5 August 1980) is an English actress. She is the wife of Lord Frederick Windsor, son of Queen Elizabeth II's first cousin Prince Michael of Kent, and as such is also known as Lady Frederick Windsor. Winkleman was born in Primrose Hill, London. Her father, Barry Winkleman, published the ""Times Atlas of World History"", her mother is the children's author Cindy Black, and her half-sister by her father's first marriage is the television presenter Claudia Winkleman. Sophie Winkleman was educated at the City of London School for Girls and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where she

"Rosabell Laurenti Sellers"
also has volunteered with another organization called ""Veto the Squito"" which helps raise money for insecticide treated bed nets in Africa. She has also collaborated with the League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism. Rosabell Laurenti Sellers Rosabell Laurenti Sellers (born March 27, 1996) is an Italian-American actress. She is best known for her role as Tyene Sand in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"", and as the titular character in the children's series, ""Mia and Me"". Sellers was born in Santa Monica, California, grew up in New York City before moving to Rome. She has one brother. Sellers made her debut

what was the main characteristic of post-world war ii american society

"American social policy during the Second Red Scare"
American social policy during the Second Red Scare During its Second Red Scare (1947-1957) a distinct set of domestic policies and traditional social mores came to dominate popular culture and interpersonal relations in the United States of America. In the aftermath of World War II the birth rate spiked in the United States as millions of young men were discharged from the armed forces and began to establish new households. This ""baby boom"" significantly increased the number of families in the United States. Traditional explanations for the rise of this postwar family ideal focus on economic means: The GI bill

"Society of the United States"
from entering the nation. During the second world war roughly 120,000 Japanese Americans, 62% of whom were U.S. citizens, were imprisoned in Japanese internment camps. Hispanic Americans also faced segregation and other types of discrimination; they were regularly subject to second class citizen status, in practice if not by law. Largely as a result of being de jure or de facto excluded and marginalized from so-called mainstream society, racial minorities in the United States developed their own unique sub-cultures. During the 1920s for example, Harlem, New York became home to the Harlem Renaissance. Music styles such as Jazz, Blues and

Flapper
Flapper Flappers were a generation of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. Flappers were seen as brash for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, smoking cigarettes, driving automobiles, treating sex in a casual manner, and otherwise flouting social and sexual norms. Flappers are icons of the Roaring Twenties, the social, political turbulence and increased transatlantic cultural exchange that followed the end of World War I, as well as the export of American jazz culture to Europe. The term possibly originated in

loans, but many were prevented from buying houses in suburban areas because of redlining and other segregation techniques. Other members of society who were excluded from the postwar ideal of middle-class employment and home ownership included, among others, women and Asians. Women who had worked in factories to support the economy during World War II were pressured to leave the workforce and become housewives. Japanese people released from the World War II internment camps returned home to find their property confiscated. American social policy during the Second Red Scare During its Second Red Scare (1947-1957) a distinct set of domestic

culture in the 1950s and 1960s often catered to the automobile with motels and drive-in restaurants. Americans tend to view obtaining a driver's license as a rite of passage. Outside of a relative few urban areas, it is considered a necessity for most Americans to own and drive cars. New York City is the only locality in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car. American attitudes towards drugs and alcoholic beverages have evolved considerably throughout the country's history. During the nineteenth century, alcohol was readily available and consumed, and no laws restricted

group membership. The strongest influences on American culture came from northern European cultures, most prominently from Britain, Ireland, and Germany. Though most Americans today identify themselves as middle class, American society and its culture are considerably more fragmented. Social class, generally described as a combination of educational attainment, income and occupational prestige, is one of the greatest cultural influences in America. Nearly all cultural aspects of mundane interactions and consumer behavior in the US are guided by a person's location within the country's social structure. Distinct lifestyles, consumption patterns and values are associated with different classes. Early sociologist-economist Thorstein Veblen,

violence in urban centers (see white flight), and cheaper housing. These new single-family houses were usually one or two stories tall, and often were part of large contracts of homes built by a single developer. The resulting low-density development has been given the pejorative label urban sprawl. This is changing, however. White flight is reversing, with many Yuppies and upper-middle-class, empty nest Baby Boomers returning to urban living, usually in condominia, such as in New York City's Lower East Side, and Chicago's South Loop. The result has been the displacement of many poorer, inner-city residents. (see gentrification). American cities with

"Social class in American history"
but gradually lost control of politics to a working class coalition led dominated by bosses and immigrants, including Irish Catholics. Hundreds of new colleges and academies were founded to support the system, usually with specific religious or ethnic identities. Heterogeneous state universities became important after 1920. The most elaborate and in-depth studies of social class have focused on the working class, especially regarding occupation, immigration, ethnicity, family structure, education, occupational mobility, religious behavior, and neighborhood structure. Before 1970 historians emphasized the success, and the painful processes, of assimilation into American culture, as studied by Oscar Handlin. In recent decades the

"Social issues of the 1920s in the United States"
Social issues of the 1920s in the United States The 1920s was the rise of a variety of social issues amidst a rapidly changing world. Conflicts arose concerning what was considered acceptable and respectable and what ought to be proscribed or made illegal. The conflict quickly coalesced into one largely between the liberal urban areas against the conservative rural areas. During the 1920s, the population in cities rapidly grew. Crime and political corruption became common and acceptable. Following a relatively conservative period following the First World War, a liberalism began to spread throughout urban areas during the years following 1925.

Flapper
traditionally male jobs such as doctors, lawyers, engineers and pilots. The rise of consumerism also promoted the ideals of ""fulfilment and freedom"", which encouraged women to think independently about their garments, careers, social activities. Society changed quickly after World War I. For example, customs, technology, and manufacturing all moved quickly into the 20th century after the interruption of the war. The rise of the automobile was an important factor in flapper culture, as cars meant a woman could come and go as she pleased, travel to speakeasies and other entertainment venues, and use the large vehicles of the day for

"Anterior nares"
Anterior nares The anterior nares are the external (or ""proper"") portion of the nostrils (nose). The anterior nares opens into the nasal cavity and allow the inhalation and exhalation of air. Each is an oval opening that measures about 1.5 cm anteroposteriorly and about 1 cm in diameter. The anterior nares are commonly infected by ""Staphylococcus aureus"" (also known as ""golden staph"") which may contribute to dermatitic skin lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis. The anterior nares can act as a colonizing point from which the infection can spread.. This can be particularly troublesome if the strain is an antibiotic

"Nasal concha"
finger. They project downwards over the openings of the maxillary and anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses, and act as buffers to protect the sinuses from coming in direct contact with pressurized nasal airflow. Most inhaled airflow travels between the inferior concha and the middle meatus. The ""inferior conchae"" are the largest, and can be as long as the index finger in humans, and are responsible for the majority of airflow direction, humidification, heating, and filtering of air inhaled through the nose. The ""inferior conchae"" are graded 1-4 based on the inferior concha classification system (known as the ""inferior turbinate classification

Rhinarium
Rhinarium The rhinarium (New Latin, ""belonging to the nose""; plural: rhinaria) is the naked skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in most mammals. In common usage, for example among breeders of cats or dogs, the standard term is ""nose leather"". More informally people may speak of a ""wet snout"" or ""wet nose"" because its surface commonly is moist in a healthy cat or dog.In many species there is a philtrum, a groove down the middle. The study of the structure and of its associated functions has proved to be of considerable importance in mammalian evolution and taxonomy.

resistant (commonly MRSA or ORSA) strain. MRSA (first discovered in the UK in 1961) has become particularly widespread in hospitals and is commonly considered a superbug. For more information on symptoms and treatment see MRSA. Anterior nares The anterior nares are the external (or ""proper"") portion of the nostrils (nose). The anterior nares opens into the nasal cavity and allow the inhalation and exhalation of air. Each is an oval opening that measures about 1.5 cm anteroposteriorly and about 1 cm in diameter. The anterior nares are commonly infected by ""Staphylococcus aureus"" (also known as ""golden staph"") which may contribute

Rhinarium
have been placed in with the Haplorhini, and thus the absence of a rhinarium became diagnostic of the Haplorhini. Rhinarium The rhinarium (New Latin, ""belonging to the nose""; plural: rhinaria) is the naked skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in most mammals. In common usage, for example among breeders of cats or dogs, the standard term is ""nose leather"". More informally people may speak of a ""wet snout"" or ""wet nose"" because its surface commonly is moist in a healthy cat or dog.In many species there is a philtrum, a groove down the middle. The study of

"Nasal sebum"
Nasal sebum Nasal sebum, also known as nose grease/oil, is grease removed from the surface of the human nose. The pores of the lateral creases (where the nose joins the face) of the exterior of the nose create and store more oil and grease than pores elsewhere on the human body, forming a readily available source of small quantities of grease or oil. The grease is a particularly oily form of sebum, thought to contain more squalene (CH) than the secretions from other parts of the skin. It is notable because nose grease is a convenient durable lubricant. Nose grease

Earwax
Earwax Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a gray, orange, or yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. It protects the skin of the human ear canal, assists in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection against bacteria, fungi, insects, and water. Earwax consists of shed skin cells, hair, and the secretions of the ceruminous and sebaceous glands of the outside ear canal. Major components of earwax are long chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, alcohols, squalene, and cholesterol. Excess or compacted cerumen can press against the eardrum or

"Human nose"
of the nasal cavity and marks the change from the skin of the vestibule to the respiratory epithelium of the rest of the nasal cavity. This area is also known as a mucocutaneous junction that has a dense microvasculature. The respiratory epithelium is a ciliated tissue with mucus-secreting goblet cells, that maintains the nasal moisture and protects the respiratory tract from infection and atmospheric particulates. The respiratory epithelium also covers the paranasal sinuses. This lining of the sinuses is closely adhered to the membrane of the underlying bone and is referred to as mucoperiosteum. There are narrow openings called sinus

sinus ostia and can result in recurrent sinusitis. Generally, in animals, nasal conchae are convoluted structures of thin bone or cartilage located in the nasal cavity. These are lined with mucous membranes that can perform two functions. They can improve the sense of smell by increasing the area available to absorb airborne chemicals, and they can warm and moisten inhaled air, and extract heat and moisture from exhaled air to prevent desiccation of the lungs. Olfactory turbinates are found in all living tetrapods, and respiratory turbinates are found in most mammals and birds. Animals with respiratory turbinates can breathe faster

"Nasal septum"
carcinoma. A nasal septum piercing is usually carried out through the fleshy columella close to the end of the nasal septum. Nasal septum The nasal septum () separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the depressor septi nasi muscle. The fleshy external end of the nasal septum is called the ""columella nasi"" or just columella, and is made up of cartilage and soft tissue. The nasal septum contains bone and hyaline cartilage. It is normally about 2 mm thick. The nasal septum is composed of five structures: At an early

who was the leader of the zulu in south africa who led the fight against the british

"Cetshwayo kaMpande"
Cetshwayo kaMpande Cetshwayo kaMpande (; ; c. 1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been transliterated as Cetawayo, Cetewayo, Cetywajo and Ketchwayo. He famously led the Zulu nation to victory against the British in the Battle of Isandlwana. Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favourite, at the Battle of Ndondakusuka. Almost

Shaka
Shaka Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. 1787 – 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (), was one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom. In European culture he is often referred to as Shaka Zulu. In Zulu, Shaka means 'intestinal beetle' and Zulu means 'heaven'. He was born in the lunar month of ""uNtulikazi"" (July) in the year of 1787 near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province. According to tradition, Shaka was conceived during an act of what began as ""ukuhlobonga"", a form of sexual foreplay without penetration allowed to unmarried couples, also known as ""the fun of the roads"" (""amahlaya endlela""),

Shaka
Shaka preferred to apply pressure diplomatically, aided by an occasional strategic assassination. His changes to local society built on existing structures. Although he preferred social and propagandistic political methods, he also engaged in a number of battles, as the Zulu sources make clear. In turn, he was ultimately assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana. Shaka's reign coincided with the start of the Mfecane, English 'Upheaval' or 'The Crushing', a period of widespread destruction and warfare in southern Africa between 1815 and about 1840 that depopulated the region. His role in the Mfecane is highly controversial. When Senzangakhona

"Anglo-Zulu War"
Boer Voortrekkers, under Pretorius, formed the Boer Republic of Natalia, south of the Tugela, and west of the British settlement of Port Natal (now Durban). Mpande and Pretorius maintained peaceful relations. However, in 1842, war broke out between the British and the Boers, resulting in the British annexation of Natalia. Mpande shifted his allegiance to the British, and remained on good terms with them. In 1843, Mpande ordered a purge of perceived dissidents within his kingdom. This resulted in numerous deaths, and the fleeing of thousands of refugees into neighbouring areas, including the British-controlled Natal. Many of these refugees fled

"Dingane kaSenzangakhona"
Dingane kaSenzangakhona Dingane kaSenzangakhona Zulu (ca. 1795–1840)—commonly referred to as Dingane or Dingaan—was a Zulu chief who became king of the Zulu Kingdom in 1828. He set up his royal capital UmGungundlovu, and one of numerous military encampments or kraals, in the Emakhosini valley just south of the White Umfolozi River on the slope of Lion Hill (""Singonyama""). Dingane came to power in 1828 after assassinating his half-brother Shaka with the help of another brother, Umhlangana, as well as Mbopa, Shaka's advisor. They were traditionally said to have killed Shaka because of his increase in brutal behaviour after the death

"Ndwandwe–Zulu War"
become recognized as head of the Zulus after Senzangakhona died in 1816. The two chieftains were close friends, and their warriors fought together against common enemies, such as the Ndwandwe headed by King Zwide. After Dingiswayo was captured and executed by Zwide, the Mthethwa people placed themselves under Shaka and took the Zulu name. Shaka revolutionized traditional ways of fighting by introducing the assegai, a short stabbing spear, as a weapon and by organizing warriors into disciplined units that fought in close formation behind large cowhide shields. In the Battle of Gqokli Hill in 1817, his troops and tactics prevailed

Shaka
than 50,000 warriors. His 10-year-long kingship resulted in a massive number of deaths, mostly due to the disruptions the Zulu caused in neighbouring tribes, although the exact death toll is a matter of scholarly dispute. Further unquantifiable deaths occurred during mass tribal migrations to escape his armies. The Mfecane produced Mzilikazi of the Khumalo, a general of Shaka's. He fled Shaka's employ, and in turn conquered an empire in Zimbabwe, after clashing with European groups like the Boers. The settling of Mzilikazi's people, the AmaNdebele or Matabele, in the south of Zimbabwe with the concomitant driving of the AmaShona into

"Bambatha Rebellion"
assegais (spears), knobkerries (fighting sticks) and cowhide shields. Bambatha was killed and beheaded during the battle; however, many of his supporters believed that he was still alive, and his wife refused to go into mourning. Bambatha's main ally, the 95-year-old Zulu aristocrat Inkosi Sigananda Shezi of the amaCube clan (cousin and near-contemporary of the Zulu king Shaka) was captured by the colonial troops and died a few days later. Between 3,000 and 4,000 Zulus were killed during the revolt (some of whom died fighting on the side of the Natal government). More than 7,000 were imprisoned, and 4,000 flogged. King

Nkandla forest. After appeals to Melmoth Osborn he moved to Eshowe, where he died soon after. Two film dramatisations of the war are: ""Monty Python's The Meaning of Life"" (1983) also features the war in a comedic sketch in which men in tiger suits steal a British soldier's leg. Anglo-Zulu War The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa.

his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply, including disbanding his army and abandoning key cultural traditions. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand after this ultimatum was not met. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an opening victory of the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, followed by the defeat of a large Zulu army at Rorke's Drift by

"Rigor mortis"
shrink to a third of their original length. Cold shortening is caused by the release of stored calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers, in response to the cold stimulus. The calcium ions trigger powerful muscle contraction aided by ATP molecules. To prevent cold shortening, a process known as electrical stimulation is carried out, especially in beef carcasses, immediately after slaughter and skinning. In this process, the carcass is stimulated with alternating current, causing it to contract and relax, which depletes the ATP reserve from the carcass and prevents cold shortening. The degree of rigor mortis may be

fibers. Rigor mortis then spreads to the other muscles, including the internal organs, within the next four to six hours. The onset of rigor mortis is affected by the individual's age, sex, physical condition, and muscular build. Rigor mortis may not be perceivable in many infant and child corpses due to their smaller muscle mass. Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology. The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat. If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 °C (59 °F), a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs, whereby the muscle sarcomeres

continue to produce ATP via anaerobic glycolysis. When the body's glycogen is depleted, the ATP concentration diminishes, and the body enters rigor mortis because it is unable to break those bridges. Additionally, calcium enters the cytosol after death. Calcium is released into the cytosol due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Also, the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium to enter the cytosol. The calcium activates the formation of actin-myosin cross-bridging. Once calcium is introduced into the cytosol, it binds to the troponin of thin filaments, which causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to change shape and allow the myosin

Rigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: ""rigor"" ""stiffness"", ""mortis"" ""of death"") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem. After death, respiration in an organism ceases, depleting the source of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is required to cause separation of the actin-myosin cross-bridges during relaxation of muscle. When oxygen is no longer present, the body may

Rigour
Rigour Rigour (British English) or rigor (American English; see spelling differences) describes a condition of stiffness or strictness. Rigour frequently refers to a process of adhering absolutely to certain constraints, or the practice of maintaining strict consistency with certain predefined parameters. These constraints may be environmentally imposed, such as ""the rigours of famine""; logically imposed, such as mathematical proofs which must maintain consistent answers; or socially imposed, such as the process of defining ethics and law. ""Rigour"" comes to English through old French (13th c., Modern French ""rigueur"") meaning ""stiffness"", which itself is based on the Latin ""rigorem"" (nominative ""rigor"")

time of death. One such factor is the ambient temperature. In warm environments, the onset and pace of rigor mortis are sped up by providing a conducive environment for the metabolic processes that cause decay. Low temperatures, however, slow them down. Therefore, for a person who dies outside in frozen conditions rigor mortis may last several days more than normal, so investigators may have to abandon it as a tool for determining time of death. Rigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: ""rigor"" ""stiffness"", ""mortis"" ""of death"") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of

Rigour
they learn in more than one context and to unpredictable situations Rigour Rigour (British English) or rigor (American English; see spelling differences) describes a condition of stiffness or strictness. Rigour frequently refers to a process of adhering absolutely to certain constraints, or the practice of maintaining strict consistency with certain predefined parameters. These constraints may be environmentally imposed, such as ""the rigours of famine""; logically imposed, such as mathematical proofs which must maintain consistent answers; or socially imposed, such as the process of defining ethics and law. ""Rigour"" comes to English through old French (13th c., Modern French ""rigueur"") meaning

heads to bind to the active sites of actin proteins. In rigor mortis myosin heads continue binding with the active sites of actin proteins via adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the muscle is unable to relax until further enzyme activity degrades the complex. Normal relaxation would occur by replacing ADP with ATP, which would destabilize the myosin-actin bond and break the cross-bridge. However, as ATP is absent, there must be a breakdown of muscle tissue by enzymes (endogenous or bacterial) during decomposition. As part of the process of decomposition, the myosin heads are degraded by the enzymes, allowing the muscle contraction

"Mortis (food)"
Mortis (food) A mortis, also spelt mortrose, mortress, mortrews, or mortruys, was a sweet pâté of a meat such as chicken or fish, mixed with ground almonds, made in Medieval, Tudor and Elizabethan era England. It is known from one of England's earliest cookery books, ""The Forme of Cury"" (1390), and other manuscripts. A Tudor mortis recipe for chicken is given in ""The Good Huswifes Jewell"", an English cookery book of 1585 by Thomas Dawson. He instructs: The dish consists of meat, such as of a boiled chicken or fish, boiled and pounded with blanched almonds and milk into a

"Extrinsic finality"
ground. God must have intended for me to go to the store so I would find that money."" or ""We won the game today because of my lucky socks."" Such abuses were criticized by Francis Bacon, Descartes, and Spinoza. Extrinsic finality Extrinsic finality is a principle of the philosophy of teleology that holds that a being has a final cause or purpose external to that being itself, in contrast to an intrinsic finality, or self-contained purpose. One example is the view that minerals are ""designed"" to be used by plants that are in turn ""designed"" to be used by animals.

"Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India"
place of birth, or any of them. This right can be enforced against the State as well as private individuals, with regard to free access to places of public entertainment or places of public resort maintained partly or wholly out of State funds. However, the State is not precluded from making special provisions for women and children or any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This exception has been provided since the classes of people mentioned therein are considered deprived and in need of special protection. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity

"Fundamental rights in India"
right to equality includes equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment, abolition of untouchability and abolition of titles. The right to freedom includes freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association or union or cooperatives, movement, residence, and right to practice any profession or occupation, right to life and liberty, protection in respect to conviction in offences and protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. The right against exploitation prohibits all forms of forced labour, child labour and trafficking of human beings.

"Right to property"
every citizen has the right to participate freely in the government of his country, the right to equal access to public services and ""the right of access to public property and services in strict equality of all persons before the law"". Article 21 of the ACHPR recognises the right of all peoples to freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources and that this right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people, who may not be deprived of this right. Article 21 also provides that ""in case of spoliation the dispossessed people shall have the right to

The right to freedom of religion includes freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious affairs, freedom from certain taxes and freedom from religious instructions in certain educational institutes. Cultural and educational rights preserve the right of any section of citizens to conserve their culture, language or script, and right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. The right to constitutional remedies is present for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. The right to privacy is an intrinsic part of Article 21(Right to Freedom) that protects life and liberty of the

in Articles 19-22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the Constitution, and these Articles also include certain restrictions that may be imposed by the State on individual liberty under specified conditions. Article 19 guarantees six freedoms in the nature of civil rights, which are available only to citizens of India. These include the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly without arms, freedom of association, freedom of movement throughout the territory of our country, freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country of India and the freedom

Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens' rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the Fundamental

deemed to have property rights protected (e.g. human beings or also corporations), the type of property which is protected (property used for the purpose of consumption or production) and the reasons for which property can be restricted (for instance, for regulations, taxation or nationalisation in the public interest). In all human rights instruments, either implicit or express restrictions exist on the extent to which property is protected. Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) enshrines the right to property as follows: The object of the right to property as it is usually understood nowadays consists of property

Right to property The right to property or right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. A right to property is recognised in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on

to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone, including non-resident Indian citizens. The right to equality in matters of public employment cannot be conferred to overseas citizens of India. Fundamental rights primarily protect individuals from any arbitrary state actions, but some rights are enforceable against individuals. For instance, the Constitution abolishes untouchability and also prohibits ""begar"". These provisions act as a check both

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The European Convention on Human Rights, in Protocol 1, article 1 acknowledges a right for natural and legal persons to ""peaceful enjoyment of his possessions"", subject to the ""general interest or to secure the payment of taxes"". The right to property is one of the most controversial human rights, both in terms of its existence and interpretation. The controversy about the definition of the right meant that it was not included in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Controversy centres upon who is

today gestalt psychology ideas are part of which branch of psychology

"Gestalt psychology"
sought to understand the ""organization"" of cognitive processes (Carlson and Heth, 2010). Our brain is capable of generating whole forms, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of global figures instead of just collections of simpler and unrelated elements (points, lines, curves, etc.). In psychology, gestaltism is often opposed to structuralism. Gestalt theory, it is proposed, allows for the deconstruction of the whole situation into its elements. The concept of gestalt was first introduced in philosophy and psychology in 1890 by Christian von Ehrenfels (a member of the School of Brentano). The idea of gestalt has its roots in theories

objects in A in the figure are all immediately recognized as the same basic shape, which are immediately distinguishable from the forms in B. They are even recognized despite perspective and elastic deformations as in C, and when depicted using different graphic elements as in D. Computational theories of vision, such as those by David Marr, have provided alternate explanations of how perceived objects are classified. Emergence, reification, multistability, and invariance are not necessarily separable modules to model individually, but they could be different aspects of a single unified dynamic mechanism. The fundamental principle of gestalt perception is the law

by David Hume, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Immanuel Kant, David Hartley, and Ernst Mach. Max Wertheimer's unique contribution was to insist that the ""gestalt"" is perceptually primary, defining the parts it was composed from, rather than being a secondary quality that emerges from those parts, as von Ehrenfels's earlier ""Gestalt-Qualität"" had been. Both von Ehrenfels and Edmund Husserl seem to have been inspired by Mach's work ""Beiträge zur Analyse der Empfindungen"" (Contributions to the Analysis of Sensations, 1886), in formulating their very similar concepts of ""gestalt"" and ""figural moment"", respectively. On the philosophical foundations of these ideas see Foundations of

"Gestalt Practice"
Gestalt Practice Gestalt Practice is a contemporary form of personal exploration and integration developed by Dick Price at the Esalen Institute. The objective of the practice is to become more fully aware of the process of living within a unified field of body, mind, relationship, earth and spirit. ""Gestalt"" is a German word that denotes form, shape or configuration, and connotes wholeness. Practice is an ongoing program or process of development. Gestalt Practice is an ongoing process of integrating human awareness across a broad spectrum of consciousness. Initially, Gestalt was used as a psychological term in Gestalt psychology. Then Fritz

depend on the order in which they are performed—a pertinent feature for psychological processes, as an experiment performed on a conscious person may influence the outcome of a subsequent experiment by changing the state of mind of that person. Gestalt psychology Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (; from ""shape, form"") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing

Gestalt Theory (Smith, ed., 1988). Early 20th century theorists, such as Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Köhler (students of Carl Stumpf) saw objects as perceived within an environment according to all of their elements taken together as a global construct. This 'gestalt' or 'whole form' approach sought to define principles of perception—seemingly innate mental laws that determined the way objects were perceived. It is based on the here and now, and in the way things are seen. Images can be divided into figure or ground. The question is what is perceived at first glance: the figure in front, or

Geist
the term, Wilhelm Wundt, Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal in the mid-19th-century established the field of ""Völkerpsychologie"" (""psychology of nations""). In Germany the concept of Volksgeist has developed and changed its meaning through eras and fields. The most important examples are: In the literary field, Schlegel and the Brothers Grimm. In the history of cultures, Herder. In the history of the State or political history, Hegel. In the field of law, Savigny and in the field of psychology Wundt. This means that the concept is ambiguous. Furthermore it is not limited to Romanticism as it is commonly known. The concept

of """" (in the German language, ""pithiness""), which says that we tend to order our experience in a manner that is regular, orderly, symmetrical, and simple. Gestalt psychologists attempt to discover refinements of the law of ""prägnanz"", and this involves writing down laws that, hypothetically, allow us to predict the interpretation of sensation, what are often called ""gestalt laws"". A major aspect of Gestalt psychology is that it implies that the mind understands external stimuli as whole rather than the sum of their parts. The wholes are structured and organized using grouping laws. The various laws are called ""laws"" or

""principles"", depending on the paper where they appear—but for simplicity's sake, this article uses the term ""laws"". These laws deal with the sensory modality of vision. However, there are analogous laws for other sensory modalities including auditory, tactile, gustatory and olfactory (Bregman – GP). The visual Gestalt principles of grouping were introduced in Wertheimer (1923). Through the 1930s and '40s Wertheimer, Kohler and Koffka formulated many of the laws of grouping through the study of visual perception. Some of the central criticisms of Gestaltism are based on the preference Gestaltists are deemed to have for theory over data, and a

gestalt theory's influence on the study of visual perception: Gestalt psychologists find it is important to think of problems as a whole. Max Wertheimer considered thinking to happen in two ways: productive and reproductive. Productive thinking is solving a problem with insight. This is a quick insightful unplanned response to situations and environmental interaction. Reproductive thinking is solving a problem with previous experiences and what is already known. (1945/1959). This is a very common thinking. For example, when a person is given several segments of information, he/she deliberately examines the relationships among its parts, analyzes their purpose, concept, and totality,

"CLS Group"
Act Corporation, a limited purpose bank regulated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Since it began operations in 2002, CLS has rapidly increased and by March 2017 was settling just over 50% of global FX transactions. As a result, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) officially designated CLS a Systemically Important Financial Market Utility in July 2012. The single day record for value settled is US$11.11 trillion, set on 21 June 2017. The single day record for volume settled is 2.58 million, set on 14 November 2016. In 2002, CLS was launched with 39 members and seven currencies.

CLS Group CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades. CLS does this through the operation of a payment versus payment (PvP) settlement service which mitigates settlement risk for the FX transactions of its settlement members and their customers (third parties). The service started operating in 2002 as an Edge

"Collateralized loan obligation"
Collateralized loan obligation Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are a form of securitization where payments from multiple middle sized and large business loans are pooled together and passed on to different classes of owners in various tranches. A CLO is a type of collateralized debt obligation. Each class of owner may receive larger yields in exchange for being the first in line to risk losing money if the businesses fail to repay the loans that a CLO has purchased. The actual loans used are multimillion-dollar loans to either privately or publicly owned enterprises. Known as syndicated loans and originated by a

in a funding requirement in CLS of less than 1% of the total gross settlement value. CLS has expanded the number of currencies it settles over the years and currently settles the following currencies: CLS Group CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades. CLS does this through the operation

other currency from its counterparty, resulting in the loss of principal. This is known as settlement risk, or “Herstatt Risk”, after the German bank, Bankhaus Herstatt, which collapsed in June 1974 leaving many of its FX counterparties with significant losses. Following an FX transaction, settlement members submit payment instructions to CLS. These instructions are authenticated and matched by CLS and maintained by the system until settlement date. The CLS daily settlement cycle operates with settlement and funding occurring during a five-hour window when all real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems in the CLS settlement currency jurisdictions are open and able to

"Central Liquidity Facility"
The primary purpose of the CLF is to provide loans to credit unions to meet short or long term liquidity needs. It performs the same general functions for credit unions that the Federal Reserve System performs for member banks. The Central Liquidity Facility is backed by the credit of the U.S. government. The CLF may borrow up to 12 times its subscribed capital stock and surplus (12 USC 1795f(a)(4)(A)). CLF is organized into five regional branches to serve different states. To become a member, credit unions purchase stock in the Central Liquidity Facility, at an amount equal to 1/2 of

CLSA
CLSA CLSA Ltd. (formerly known as Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia) is a capital markets and investment group focused on alternative investment, asset management, corporate finance and capital markets, securities and wealth management for corporate and institutional clients around the world. Founded in 1986 by two former journalists, CLSA has its headquarters in Hong Kong and offices or representatives in 20 cities across the Asia-Pacific region, as well as Amsterdam, London and New York. In 2013, CITIC Securities, China's largest investment bank acquired CLSA for US$ 1.3 billion. In 1986, Winfull Laing & Cruickshank Securities began operations in Hong Kong, with

CLS holds accounts with each of the central banks whose currencies it settles. On each settlement date, upon determining that the accounts of the submitting settlement members satisfy several risk management tests, CLS simultaneously settles each pair of matched payment instructions by making the corresponding debit and credit entries in the settlement members’ accounts at CLS. The settlement of the payment instructions and the associated payments are final and irrevocable. For example, (GBP/USD = 1.50, EUR/USD = 1.25): These obligations are funded into and from each member’s respective multi-currency account. Another key element of the CLS Settlement Service is the

Central Liquidity Facility The Central Liquidity Facility (CLF) is a mixed-ownership United States (U.S.) government corporation created to improve the general financial stability of credit unions by serving as a liquidity lender to credit unions experiencing unusual or unexpected liquidity shortfalls. Member credit unions own the CLF which exists within the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). The President of the CLF manages the facility under the oversight of the NCUA Board. The Central Liquidity Facility was created by the U.S. Congress in 1998 with the National Credit Union Central Liquidity Facility Act, Subchapter III of the Federal Credit Union Act.

"CL Financial"
CL Financial CL Financial was the largest privately held conglomerate in Trinidad and Tobago and one of the largest privately held corporations in the entire Caribbean, before the company encountered a major liquidity crisis and subsequent bailout in 2009. Founded as an insurance company, Colonial Life Insurance Company (CLICO) by Cyril Duprey, it was expanded into a diversified company by his nephew Lawrence Duprey. CL Financial then became one of the largest local conglomerates in the region, encompassing over 65 companies in 32 countries worldwide with total assets exceeding US$100 billion. However, CL Financial experienced a liquidity crisis that resulted

Aluminium
Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different

Ferrous
Ferrous In chemistry, ferrous (Fe), indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3 oxidation state). This usage has decreased, with current IUPAC nomenclature having names containing the oxidation state in bracketed Roman numerals instead, such as iron(II) oxide for ferrous oxide (FeO), and iron(III) oxide for ferric oxide (FeO). Outside chemistry, ""ferrous"" indicates the presence of iron. The word is derived from the Latin word """" (""iron""). Ferrous metals include steel and pig iron (with a carbon content of a few percent) and alloys of iron with other metals

Aluminium
(not avgas), and laboratory cultures can degrade aluminium. However, these life forms do not directly attack or consume the aluminium; rather, the metal is corroded by microbe waste products. Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of

"Aluminium alloy"
Aluminium alloy Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system

Ferrocerium
adverse conditions, rods of ferrocerium are commonly used as an emergency combustion device in survival kits. Ferrocerium was invented in 1903 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It takes its name from its two primary components: iron (from ), and the rare-earth element cerium. The pyrophoric effect is dependent on the brittleness of the alloy and its low autoignition temperature. While ferrocerium-and-steels function in a similar way to natural flint-and-steel in fire starting, ferrocerium takes on the role that steel played in traditional methods: when small shavings of it are removed quickly enough the heat generated by friction

Aluminium
producing the modern name. However, it is spelled and pronounced differently outside of North America: ""aluminum"" is in use in the U.S. and Canada while ""aluminium"" is in use elsewhere. The ' suffix followed the precedent set in other newly discovered elements of the time: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium (all of which Davy isolated himself). Nevertheless, element names ending in ' were known at the time; for example, platinum (known to Europeans since the 16th century), molybdenum (discovered in 1778), and tantalum (discovered in 1802). The """" suffix is consistent with the universal spelling alumina for the oxide

Ferroaluminum
Ferroaluminum Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium. The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium and applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. The alloy is also known for the ability to manufacture low melting point alloys and it's ability to carry out aluminothermic welding. Ferroaluminum does not currently have a CAS Registry Number. The presence of iron in aluminum helps in the decrease of casting defects. improves tensile, yield, hardness, and maintains strength at high temperatures. The

Ferrous
(such as stainless steel). Manipulation of atom-to-atom relationships between iron, carbon, and various alloying elements establishes the specific properties of ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals and alloys do not contain an appreciable amount of iron.Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds. In chemistry the term is reserved for iron with an oxidation number of +3, also denoted iron(III) or Fe3+. On the other hand, ferrous refers to iron with oxidation number of +2, denoted iron(II) or Fe2+. Ferrous In chemistry, ferrous (Fe), indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3

Aluminium
(as opposed to aluminia); compare to lanthana, the oxide of lanthanum, and magnesia, ceria, and thoria, the oxides of magnesium, cerium, and thorium, respectively. In 1812, British scientist Thomas Young wrote an anonymous review of Davy's book, in which he objected to ""aluminum"" and proposed the name ""aluminium"": ""for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word, in preference to aluminum, which has a less classical sound."" This name did catch on: while the ' spelling was occasionally used in Britain, the American scientific language used ' from the start. Most scientists used ' throughout the world in

Aluminium
the mineral from which it was collected. The word ""alum"" comes from ""alumen"", a Latin word meaning ""bitter salt"". The word ""alumen"" stems from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*alu-"" meaning ""bitter"" or ""beer"". British chemist Humphry Davy, who performed a number of experiments aimed to synthesize the metal, is credited as the person who named the element. In 1808, he suggested the metal be named ""alumium"". This suggestion was criticized by contemporary chemists from France, Germany, and Sweden, who insisted the metal should be named for the oxide, alumina, from which it would be isolated. In 1812, Davy chose ""aluminum"", thus

"Unit of alcohol"
supplied in practice. For example, the ABV of beer typically varies from 3.5% to 5.5%. A typical ""medium"" glass of wine with 175 ml at 12% ABV has 2.1 units. And spirits, although typically 35–40% ABV, have single measures of 25 ml or 35 ml (so 1 or 1.4 units) depending on location. The misleading nature of ""one unit per half-pint of beer, or small glass of wine, or single measure of spirits"" can lead to people underestimating their alcohol intake. Most spirits sold in the United Kingdom have 40% ABV or slightly less. In England, a single pub measure

"Standard drink"
number of units in a typical serving) are indicated on the drink container. Typical servings deliver 1–3 units of alcohol. The amount of alcohol is stated in the table in both grams (g) and millilitres (mL). The number of standard drinks contained in 500 mL (16.9 fluid ounces) of beer of 4.5% ABV (a typical large drink of beer) is stated for comparison. Pure alcohol mass in a serving can be calculated if concentration, density and volume are known. For example, 0.35 litre glass of beer with ABV of 5.5% has 15.2 grams of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol has density

1987 guidelines and the latter term has been used in all subsequent UK guidance. One unit of alcohol (UK) is defined as 10 millilitres (8 grams) of pure alcohol. Typical drinks (i.e., typical quantities or servings of common alcoholic beverages) may contain 1–3 units of alcohol. Containers of alcoholic beverages sold directly to UK consumers are normally labelled to indicate the number of units of alcohol in a typical serving of the beverage (optional) and in the full container (can or bottle), as well as information about responsible drinking. As an approximate guideline, a typical healthy adult can metabolise (break

Keg
brewers sell beer in barrels of 15.5 gallons, barrels of 7.75 gallons, and barrels of 5.17 gallons. Since keg sizes are not standardized, the keg cannot be used as a standard unit of measure for liquid volumes. This size standard varies from country to country and brewery to brewery with many countries using the metric system rather than U.S. gallons. A ""keg"", or half-barrel is a 15.5 U.S. gallon vessel. A quarter-barrel has a volume of 7.75 U.S. gallons. Generally a keg is a vessel smaller than a barrel; thus, it is 30 gallons or smaller. In the U.S. the

Keg
terms ""half-barrel"" and ""quarter-barrel"" are derived from the U.S. beer barrel, legally defined as being equal to 31 U.S. gallons (this is not the same volume as some other units also known as ""barrels""). A 15.5 U.S. gallon keg is also equal to: However, beer kegs can come in many sizes: In European countries the most common keg size is 50 liters. This includes the UK, which uses a non-metric standard keg of 11 imperial gallons, which is coincidentally equal to . The German DIN 6647-1 and DIN 6647-2 have also defined kegs in the sizes of 30 and 20

(25 ml) of a spirit contains one unit. However, a larger 35 ml measure is increasingly used (and in particular is standard in Northern Ireland ), which contains 1.4 units of alcohol at 40% ABV. Sellers of spirits by the glass must state the capacity of their standard measure in ml. On average, it takes about one hour for the body to metabolise (break down) one unit of alcohol. However, this will vary with body weight, sex, age, personal metabolic rate, recent food intake, the type and strength of the alcohol, and medications taken. Alcohol may be metabolised more slowly

Keg
(approximately 82 liters/144 imperial pints) and 22 imperial gallon (approximately 100 liters/172 imperial pints) kegs, however owing to their size they are not so popular as manual handling is seen by some to be difficult, and as a result they tend to be used only for large-scale events and bars with high throughput. For bars that sell an excessive volume of beer there is the 36 imperial gallon (150 liter/260 imperial pint) keg, however due to its very large size few people can move them making it an impractical choice. In the U.S. as of 2005, there are 21 states

down) about one unit of alcohol per hour, although this may vary depending on sex, age, weight, health, and many other factors. The number of UK units of alcohol in a drink can be determined by multiplying the volume of the drink (in millilitres) by its percentage ABV, and dividing by 1000. For example, one imperial pint (568 ml) of beer at 4% alcohol by volume (ABV) contains: <br> <br> The formula uses . This results in exactly one unit per percentage point per litre, of any alcoholic beverage. The formula can be simplified for everyday use by expressing the

Keg
liters. A newer Euro regulation defines 50, 30, 25 and 20 liters where the keg shape is usually thicker but not as tall as the German keg specifications. In some areas it is common to refer to the size not in liters but in beers. In areas such as Germany, where the standard beer size is 0.5 liters, that means a 50-liter keg contains 100 beers. Accepted specifications for a standard keg are: There are two different types of tapping equipment that are available for kegs: party pumps and gas taps. Party pumps utilize outside air, thus introducing oxygen and

Keg
and transport, and also protects the plastic container. Some may use either bag in ball or spear technology. A stronger, more pressure resistant type of one way kegs make use of a double wall technology. A quarter barrel, more commonly known as pony keg, is a beer vessel containing approximately 7.75 U.S. gallons (29.33 liters) of fluid. It is half the size of the standard beer keg and equivalent to a quarter of a barrel. The term ""pony"" refers to its smaller size – compare pony glass (quarter-pint) and pony bottle. It will serve roughly 82 twelve-ounce cups. The shape

"U.S. Route 35"
which is typically built in cities, and is not common in semi-rural small towns; drivers' mistaking the frontage roads for entrance ramps and not stopping when required; the complexity of four major traffic routes converging on one interchange; ramp/frontage traffic controlled by stop signs alone, with cross-traffic not having to stop; stop signs not clearly visible at the crest of the exit ramps. In response, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) in 2014 added signage, placed flashing lights on the stop signs and installed rumble strips. These steps reduced, but did not eliminate the problems, with one of the fatalities

"Warning sign"
has a sign warning of ""Adverse camber"" on a curve. Also ""Loose gravel"", ""Soft shoulder"", ""Speed hump"", and ""Watch for Ice."" <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Some warning signs have flashing lights to alert drivers of conditions ahead or remind drivers to slow down. In Britain, they are called ""warning light"". Flashing lights can be dangerous for people with certain forms of epilepsy and/or sensory processing disorder. Warning signs are also found on other potential dangerous sites. At the base of electricity pylons or fences of substations or radiotechnical equipment with open parts leading high voltage, there are signs warning of high voltage. Warning

Yellow
yellow hair was more poetically called 'blond,' 'light', 'fair,' or most often ""golden"". Yellow is the most visible color from a distance, so it is often used for objects that need to be seen, such as fire engines, road maintenance equipment, school buses and taxicabs. It is also often used for warning signs, since yellow traditionally signals caution, rather than danger. Safety yellow is often used for safety and accident prevention information. A yellow light on a traffic signal means slow down, but not stop. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) uses Pantone 116 (a yellow hue) as their

"Advisory speed limit"
signs number 380 and 381, according to §42 of the German traffic code (Straßenverkehrsordnung, StVO), as seen above. As these traffic signs were only rarely used, they meanwhile have been abolished. The signage for advisory speed limits is not defined by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and is therefore not standardised internationally. The United States uses a small yellow sign under the main warning sign, as well as a standalone variation on the standard speed limit sign, with a yellow background instead of a white one, the words ""speed limit"" omitted and an additional panel stating the

"Variable-message sign"
duration and location of the incidents, or just inform of the traffic conditions. VMS's were deployed at least as early as the 1950s on the New Jersey Turnpike. The NJ Turnpike's signs of that period, and up to around 2012, were capable of displaying a few messages in neon, all oriented around warning drivers to slow down: ""REDUCE SPEED"", followed by a warning of either construction, accident, congestion, ice, snow, or fog at a certain distance ahead. The New Jersey Turnpike Authority replaced those signs (along with 1990s-vintage dot-matrix VMS's along the Garden State Parkway) with more flexible electronic signs

"Driving in the United States"
traffic congestion on free-way and greenhouse gas emission. To convey the message immediately, the roadway signs in the US use symbols rather than words. The use of symbols is not bothered by any language barriers, and can be instant communication for drivers and pedestrians in order to manage the transportation and the traffic safety. According to Federal Highway Administration, it states “the color of roadway signs is an important indicator of the information they contain. The use of red on signs is limited to stop, yield, and prohibition signs. A white background indicates a regulatory sign; yellow conveys a general

soft shoulder, uneven pavement, freshly oiled road, loose gravel, smoke on road, trucks entering, etc. (Note that some ""high water"" signs are posted to alert drivers of a flood-prone area and do not actually mean that there is a flooded section of road ahead.) In France, Italy, Spain, Norway etc., warning (and speed limit) signs connected with road work have a yellow background in place of the usual white background on signs. In America and Ireland, signs connected with road work have an orange background. <br> These signs indicate that dangerous or unexpected bends in the road are ahead. Signs

"Speed limit"
a red border. Japan and South Korea use their normal speed limit sign, with a line below the limit. In some countries, speed limits may apply to certain classes of vehicles, or special conditions such as night-time. Usually these speed limits will be reduced from the normal limit for safety reasons. In some countries, derestriction signs are used to mark where a speed zone ends. The speed limit beyond the sign is the prevailing limit for the general area, for example the sign might be used to show the end of an urban area. In the United Kingdom, the sign

Trafficators
indicators at or near the corners of the vehicle (and often along the sides as well). They have been increasingly rare since the 1950s, as ever-tightening legislation has prescribed the need for the modern type of flashing signal. Many historic vehicles (e.g. pre-1960 Volkswagen Beetle sold outside the USA) that are used on today's roads have had their trafficators supplemented or replaced with modern indicators to aid visibility and to meet legislative requirements. Trafficators can now be fitted with flashing lights as an upgrade. Trafficators Trafficators are semaphore signals which, when operated, protrude from the bodywork of a motor vehicle

"Logo sign"
Logo sign Logo signs (also known as specific service signs or Logo service signs, or colloquially as Big Blue Signs) are blue road signs used on freeways that display the logos of businesses prior to an interchange. Typically, a business pays fees to a transportation department (or to a subcontractor of a transportation department such as Lamar Advertising subsidiary Interstate Logos) to have their logos displayed on a large panel alongside other businesses. In the United States, logo signs were permitted on rural Interstates in 1965 as part of the Highway Beautification Act. Originally, such signs were limited to the

"The Amazing Race 22"
receiving speeding tickets, the teams did not receive any additional penalties. The final episode was dedicated to David Gene Gibbs, one of the camera crew, who died in a helicopter crash while filming a series for Discovery Channel. Applications for ""The Amazing Race 22"" were closed on May 24, 2012. The contestants included professional road racing cyclist Connor O'Leary, YouTube vloggers Joey Graceffa and Meghan Camarena, professional hockey players and brothers Jonathan ""Bates"" (an unrestricted free agent, formerly in the NHL and Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan) and Anthony Battaglia (of the CHL's Tulsa Oilers), and former Stealing Angels vocalists Caroline Cutbirth (descendant

"The Amazing Race 21"
both the first and final legs. Elise Doganieri, co-executive producer for the show, called the larger potential prize ""a real game-changer"". While teams reacted with excitement at the larger prize, Doganieri hoped that if it was won, the additional prize money would be used for ""something wonderful"" such as supporting charitable medical research. Abbie Ginsberg and Ryan Danz, winners of the Double Your Money prize for its inaugural season, were eliminated from the competition at the conclusion of the Race's ninth leg, after being U-Turned by Jaymes and James. In Leg 3, Caitlin and Brittany were seen taken in the

"The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)"
Jenna Morasca, Keith Tollefson, and Whitney Duncan from ""Survivor""; and ""The Fabulous Beekman Boys"" stars Josh Kilmer-Purcell and Brent Ridge. Several professional athletes have also participated, including the Harlem Globetrotters Herbert ""Flight Time"" Lang and Nathaniel ""Big Easy"" Lofton; former NFL players Ken Greene, Marcus Pollard, Chester Pitts, and Ephraim Salaam; professional bull and bronco rider Cord McCoy; professional snowboarders Andy Finch and Amy Purdy; Ironman Triathlon competitor Sarah Reinertsen; Major League Soccer goalkeeper Andrew Weber; professional hockey players Bates Battaglia and Anthony Battaglia; professional surfer and survivor of a shark attack Bethany Hamilton, former NBA All-Star Shawn Marion and

"The Amazing Race 27"
The Amazing Race 27 The Amazing Race 27 was the twenty-seventh installment of the U.S. reality television show ""The Amazing Race"". It featured eleven teams of two, with each team centered on a pre-existing relationship between the cast members such as marriage, dating, or best friends. Teams competed in a race around the world for a grand prize. This season premiered on September 25, 2015. Dating news reporters Kelsey Gerckens and Joey Buttitta were the winners of this season. Seen on ""The Amazing Race 25"", the show's Twitter page announced this season's filming on June 22, 2015. The tweet announced

"The Amazing Race 11"
over the last 10 seasons"". Despite the ""All-Stars"" title, only one team, Uchenna & Joyce, had won a previous season. Some former racers were angered by their omission from ""All-Stars"", most notably Chip and Kim McAllister (Season 5), and BJ Averell and Tyler MacNiven (Season 9), who publicly criticized CBS' casting process. The full list of returning teams (and their prior race placements) are: This season introduced the ""Elimination Station"", featured on the official website. A series of 13 web episodes presented the eliminated contestants living together in a common house in their sequester location in Acapulco, Mexico. The series

"The Amazing Race 13"
finalists, as Dallas Imbimbo (of Toni & Dallas) had misplaced his passport and the team's money in Russia on the penultimate leg. This had been hinted at in promotional materials aired before the Race began, where CBS revealed that one team made ""an unprecedented mistake that ultimately prohibit[ed] them from joining their fellow Racers at the finish line."" In a post-race interview, Dallas revealed that the loss of the passport and money was partly caused by the changing of a microphone battery by production. The passport was eventually turned in at the U.S. Embassy in Russia, but it was still

"The Amazing Race 25"
race. However, Phil eliminated one team in the middle of the final leg, leaving only three teams to be racing to the finish line for the $1 million grand prize. This season was the very first one in which all eleven teams finished legs in last place at one time or another. The cast included married professional surfers Bethany Hamilton—a shark attack survivor whose story was told in her memoirs and the film ""Soul Surfer""—and Adam Dirks, former """" contestants and engaged couple Whitney Duncan and Keith Tollefson, and TNA Wrestling stars Brooke Adams and Robbie Strauss. Melody Chen from

"The Amazing Race"
the December 2, 2012, episode of the U.S. version of the show. The show premiered on July 15, 2013, and was hosted by Olympic gold medalist Jon Montgomery. The show has now been renewed for six seasons. As of 11 September 2018, there have been 75 winning teams in over 14 franchises of ""The Amazing Race"". The most recent winners are Courtney Berglind and Adam Kovacs, Engaged couple from Canada's ""The Amazing Race Canada 6"". <section begin=""Whole series""/> <section end=""Whole series""/> A video game based on this reality show was developed by Ludia for the Wii. It was released on

"The Amazing Race 28"
The Amazing Race 28 The Amazing Race 28 is the twenty-eighth U.S. season of the reality television show ""The Amazing Race"". The season premiered on February 12, 2016. In this installment, it featured 11 teams of two with notable social media personalities (or at least one pair to team up with a non-notable internet celebrity) in a race around the world for a $1 million grand prize. ""Engaged dancers"" Dana Alexa and Matt Steffanina were the winners of this season of ""The Amazing Race"". Filming of ""The Amazing Race 28"" began on November 15, 2015, with host Phil Keoghan broadcasting

"The Amazing Race 26"
Race"" took. The season finale aired on May 15, 2015. Blind date couple Laura Pierson & Tyler Adams, known as ""Team SoCal,"" were the winners of the 26th season of ""The Amazing Race"". This season covered , five continents, and eight countries, including visits to Japan, Thailand, Namibia, Germany, and for the first time Monaco. In some race segments, a special clue was available. Teams selecting the special clue received a Date Night reward, an opportunity to participate in a romantic activity. The Save from the previous season returned for this season but was unaired, unclaimed, and unused. It could

"Extensor pollicis longus muscle"
extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus, its tendon crosses the radial artery. The tendon of extensor pollicis longus is supplied by branches from various arteries. Before the tendon enters its synovial sheath, arteries from the anterior interosseous artery or its muscular branches enter the tendon. The sheath itself is supplied by the posterior ramus of the same artery. In the metacarpal region, beyond the synovial sheath, the tendon is supplied directly from the radial artery. At the phalanges, the tendon forms a dorsal aponeurosis which is supplied by a digital branch of the first dorsal metacarpal artery. The

extensor pollicis longus muscle receives innervation from the posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) which is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. Extensor pollicis longus extends the terminal phalanx of the thumb. While abductor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis, both attached to the extensor pollicis longus tendon, can extend the thumb's interphalangeal joint to the neutral position, only extensor pollicis longus can achieve full hyperextension at the interphalangeal joint. This complete extension at the interphalangeal joint is not possible, or considerably more difficult, with the carpal, carpometacarpal, and metacarpophalangeal joints simultaneously extended. Likewise, flexion at the

interphalangeal joint by flexor pollicis longus is considerably reduced in wrist flexion. It also applies an extensor force at the metacarpophalangeal joint together with the extensor pollicis brevis and extends and adducts at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Tenosynovitis, inflammatory irritation of the synovial sheath, is relatively common in the third compartment after repetitive activities such as drum playing. Extensor pollicis longus muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis longus muscle (EPL) is a skeletal muscle located dorsally on the forearm. It is much larger than the extensor pollicis brevis, the origin of which it partly covers and acts

crosses the wrist close to the dorsal midline before turning towards the thumb using Lister's tubercle on the distal end of the radius as a pulley. It obliquely crosses the tendons of the extensores carpi radialis longus and brevis, and is separated from the extensor pollicis brevis by a triangular interval, the anatomical snuff box in which the radial artery is found. At the proximal phalanx, the tendon is joined by expansions from abductor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis. The tendon is finally inserted on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Together with the tendons of the

"Extensor pollicis et indicis communis muscle"
In chimpanzees and humans, however, the muscle is well separated becoming the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor indicis proprius. Extensor pollicis et indicis communis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis et indicis communis is an aberrant muscle in the posterior compartment of forearm. It was first described in 1863. The muscle has a prevalence from 0.5% to 4%. The structure of the extensor pollicis et indicis communis resembles both the characteristics of the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor indicis proprius. It originates from the distal end of ulna. Its tendon passes through the extensor retinaculum in the

"Extensor pollicis brevis muscle"
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis arises from the ulna distal to the abductor pollicis longus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the dorsal surface of the radius. Its direction is similar to that of the abductor pollicis longus, its tendon passing the same groove on the lateral side of the lower end of the radius, to be inserted into the base of the

"Stria terminalis"
Stria terminalis The stria terminalis (or terminal stria) is a structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, the stria terminalis runs from its centromedial division to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The stria terminalis covers the superior thalamostriate vein, marking a line of separation between the thalamus and the caudate nucleus as seen upon gross dissection of the ventricles of the brain, viewed from the superior aspect. The stria terminalis extends from the region of

"Abductor pollicis longus muscle"
Abductor pollicis longus muscle In human anatomy, the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand. As the name implies, its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist. Its tendon forms the anterior border of the anatomical snuffbox. The abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the supinator and is sometimes united with it. It arises from the lateral part of the dorsal surface of the body of the ulna below the insertion of the anconeus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the middle third of the dorsal surface of the body of

first phalanx of the thumb. Absence; fusion of tendon with that of the extensor pollicis longus. In a close relationship to the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis both extends and abducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis arises from the ulna distal to the abductor pollicis longus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the

Extensor pollicis et indicis communis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis et indicis communis is an aberrant muscle in the posterior compartment of forearm. It was first described in 1863. The muscle has a prevalence from 0.5% to 4%. The structure of the extensor pollicis et indicis communis resembles both the characteristics of the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor indicis proprius. It originates from the distal end of ulna. Its tendon passes through the extensor retinaculum in the fourth extensor compartment, splits into two and inserts to both thumb and index finger. The presence of the extensor pollicis

"Chaplet of the Divine Mercy"
National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In the Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong the ""3 o'clock Prayer"" is broadcast on radio and television stations daily at 3:00 p.m. In 2000, Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter Divine Mercy Sunday, where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance. The hour Jesus died by crucifixion, 3:00 PM (15:00), is called the Hour of Mercy. In a novena, the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday. Pope John Paul II was instrumental in the formal

she saw an angel sent to a city to destroy it. Faustina began to pray for God's mercy on the city and felt the strong presence of the Holy Trinity. After she prayed the internally instructed prayers, the angel was powerless to harm the city. In subsequent visions, Faustina learned that the prayers she spoke were to be taught to all the people of the world. According to Roman Catholic tradition, the chaplet may be said at any time, but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3:00 PM. The Chaplet is prayed daily at the

endless and the treasury of compassion — inexhaustible, look kindly upon us and increase Your mercy in us, that in difficult moments we might not despair nor become despondent, but with great confidence submit ourselves to Your holy will, which is Love and Mercy itself. The chaplet is prayed on ordinary rosary beads that are also used to pray the Dominican Rosary. The structure of the Chaplet is as follows: The Chaplet is begun on the short strand of the rosary beads: The praying of the decades then follows, repeating this cycle for each: To conclude: The chaplet may be

As a Roman Catholic devotion, the chaplet is often said as a rosary-based prayer with the same set of rosary beads used for reciting the Rosary or the Chaplet of Holy Wounds. As an Anglican devotion, the Divine Mercy Society of the Anglican Church states that the chaplet can also be recited on Anglican prayer beads. The chaplet may also be said without beads, usually by counting prayers on the fingertips, and may be accompanied by the veneration of the Divine Mercy image. On September 13, 1935, while Faustina was in Vilnius, she wrote of a vision of Jesus about

repeated over a period of nine days as part of a novena. According to Faustina's ""Diary"", Jesus himself in a vision asked that the Divine Mercy Novena be prayed as a preparation for the Feast of the Divine Mercy, celebrated each year on first Sunday after Easter. The novena should begin on Good Friday. There is a prayer intention for specific group of people on each of the nine days. The last day intention, according to Jesus' message to St. Faustina, is the most difficult of all: to pray for the people who are lukewarm and indifferent. Jesus described those

and Divinity of Your Dearly Beloved Son, Our Lord, Jesus Christ, in atonement for our sins and those of the whole world. This prayer, repeated 10 times in succession, forms the body of each decade of the Chaplet:For the sake of His sorrowful Passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world. This prayer, repeated three times in succession, concludes the Chaplet:Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal One, have mercy on us and on the whole world. This prayer is optional, and may be used after the Holy God to end the Chaplet:Eternal God, in whom mercy is

the chaplet in her diary (Notebook 1 item 476). Faustina stated that Jesus asked her to pray the chaplet and instruct others to do so. Although the chaplet is said on beads like the Rosary, it is about a third of the length of the Rosary, and unlike the Rosary that has evolved over the years, the form and structure of the chaplet has remained unchanged since Faustina attributed it to a message from Jesus. According to Faustina's visions, written in her diary, the chaplet's prayers for mercy are threefold: to obtain mercy, to trust in Christ's mercy, and to

show mercy to others. Faustina wrote that Jesus promised that all who recite this chaplet at the hour of death or in the presence of the dying will receive great mercy. She wrote that Jesus said: """"...When they say this Chaplet in the presence of the dying, I will stand between My Father and the dying not as the just judge but as the Merciful Savior."""" Faustina stated that Jesus also promised that anything can be obtained with this prayer if it is compatible with His will. In her diary Faustina recounted a vision on September 13, 1935 in which

Chaplet of the Divine Mercy The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy, also called the Divine Mercy Chaplet, is a Christian devotion to the Divine Mercy, based on the Christological apparitions of Jesus reported by Saint Faustina Kowalska (1905–1938), known as ""the Apostle of Mercy."" She was a Polish religious sister of the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy and canonized as a Catholic saint in 2000. Faustina stated that she received the prayer through visions and conversations with Jesus, who made specific promises regarding the recitation of the prayers. Her Vatican biography quotes some of these conversations.

establishment of the Divine Mercy devotion and acknowledged the efforts of the Marian Fathers in its promotion in a Papal Blessing in 2001, the 70th anniversary of the revelation of the Divine Mercy Message and Devotion. Although the prayers said on the beads of the rosary chain share specific similarities between the ""Chaplet of Divine Mercy"" and the ""Chaplet of Holy Wounds"", these are distinct chaplets and were introduced over 20 years apart, one in Poland, the other in France. The Chaplet contains several unique prayers. This prayer is optional, and may be used to begin the Chaplet:You expired, Jesus,

"Chess World Cup 2017"
the national federations of Georgia and South Africa. South Africa proposed Sun City and Durban as venues, while Georgia proposed Tbilisi and Batumi respectively. Although Garry Kasparov expressed support for the South African bid during his FIDE presidential campaign, Georgia's bid won, receiving 93 votes to South Africa's 58. The tournament is a knock-out, with the exception that there was a provision for the two semi-final losers to play off for third place if necessary (see #Candidates qualification). Matches consist of two regular time limit games (except for the final, and playoff for third if required, which consist of four

forfeiting the game. He also checked out of his hotel and booked a flight for Dallas, where he is studying for a master's degree in Computer Science technology at the University of Texas. The Chess Federation of Canada filed a formal complaint about the incident. FIDE issued a report on the incident on October 1. Chess World Cup 2017 The Chess World Cup 2017 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, from 2 to 27 September 2017. It was won by Armenian grandmaster Levon Aronian. This was the second time he had won the Chess World Cup,

time limit games, then a third day for tie breaks, if required. The final round has four days of regular time limit games, then a fifth day for tie breaks, if required. All rounds begin at 15:00 local time (11:00 UTC). According to the regulations, all players have to pay their own expenses for travel, and 20% of each player's prize money goes to FIDE. The participants are seeded by their FIDE rating of August 2017. All players are grandmasters unless indicated otherwise. Shortly before the third-round game between Anton Kovalyov and Maxim Rodshtein was due to start, Kovalyov was

Chess World Cup 2017 The Chess World Cup 2017 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, from 2 to 27 September 2017. It was won by Armenian grandmaster Levon Aronian. This was the second time he had won the Chess World Cup, 12 years after his first win in 2005. The top two finishers in the tournament, Aronian and Ding Liren, qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2018 for the World Chess Championship 2018. At the 85th FIDE Congress held during the 41st Chess Olympiad, FIDE received bids to host the World Cup 2017 and 2018 Olympiad from

"World Chess Championship 2018"
somewhere in Asia. Japan, South Korea and Singapore all said they were prepared to host the match. In November 2017, London was revealed as the host. The Chief arbiter was Stéphane Escafre from France, and deputy arbiter was Nana Alexandria from Georgia. The appeal committee was composed of International Grandmasters and was chaired by Alexander Beliavsky (Slovenia) with Nigel Short (England) and Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland) also present. The FIDE Supervisor was Ashot Vardapetyan, an International Arbiter from Armenia. The match took place at The College in Holborn, Central London, an impressive Victorian building with a glass dome on the roof.

tournament (even though it is highly unusual for the defending champion to do so). So the rules were actually that the top two finishers other than Carlsen and Karjakin would qualify for the Candidates. This meant there was provision for a match for third place, between the two semi-final losers, if necessary. As it turned out, both Carlsen and Karjakin were eliminated in the first three rounds, so the two Candidates qualifiers were simply the two finalists: Armenia's Levon Aronian and China's Ding Liren. Each of the first six rounds takes three days: one day each for the two regular

"Women's World Chess Championship 2017"
for losing semifinalists, $30,000 for runner-up, and $60,000 for champion ($450,000 overall), with 20% of such sums being taken by FIDE. All players pay their own costs (travel, accommodation and meals) for the duration. The final was the only match of the tournament which consists of four classical games. Those were played on consecutive days with a rest-day between the semi-final tie-breaks and match 1. Eventual tie-breaks were played on 3 March 2017, in the same manner as the whole tournament. Two rapid games of 25+10 (i.e. 25 minutes for the whole game plus 10 seconds increment), the two rapid

questioned by the arbiter about the knee-length Bermuda shorts he was wearing, the same pair he wore in the first two rounds. Tournament organizer Zurab Azmaiparashvili then approached Kovalyov, stating that his attire violated the FIDE dress code and that he would be punished financially if he did not change what he was wearing. Kovalyov explained that he also wore shorts in the 2015 World Cup without incident, but Azmaiparashvili objected and said that Kovalyov's clothing made him ""look like a gypsy."" Kovalyov interpreted this as a racial slur. Kovalyov then left the tournament hall and did not return, thus

enter the tournament because of dissatisfaction with FIDE's Women's World Championship system. The 2015 Women's World Champion, Mariya Muzychuk, and US Women's Champion Nazi Paikidze also elected not to attend, out of protest at the tournament's location in Iran, where it is mandatory for all women to wear a hijab in public (a rule which also applied to the participating players). Other notable absentees were women's world number four Humpy Koneru and seven-time US Women's Champion Irina Krush. On 12 May 2017 FIDE suspended the Chess Federation of Iran for non-payment of Women's World Championship prizes. On 2 June 2017,

"David Alan Grier"
be particularly adept in martial arts. David Alan Grier David Alan Grier (born June 30, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the sketch comedy television show ""In Living Color"". One of three children, Grier was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of mother Aretas Ruth (née Blaney), a school teacher, and father William Henry Grier, a psychiatrist and writer who co-wrote the book ""Black Rage"". Grier graduated from Detroit's magnet high school, Cass Tech, and received a B.A. from the University of Michigan, and an M.F.A. from the Yale School of

"Keenen Ivory Wayans"
created, wrote, and starred in the show, called ""In Living Color"", an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on the Fox Network from 1990 to 1994. Wayans is a vegetarian, and has promoted the diet in a public service announcement of 2006 for the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Keenen Ivory Wayans Keenen Ivory Desuma Wayans, Sr. (born June 8, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and a member of the Wayans family of entertainers. He first came to prominence as the host and the creator of the 1990–1994 Fox sketch comedy series ""In Living Color"". He

David Alan Grier David Alan Grier (born June 30, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the sketch comedy television show ""In Living Color"". One of three children, Grier was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of mother Aretas Ruth (née Blaney), a school teacher, and father William Henry Grier, a psychiatrist and writer who co-wrote the book ""Black Rage"". Grier graduated from Detroit's magnet high school, Cass Tech, and received a B.A. from the University of Michigan, and an M.F.A. from the Yale School of Drama in 1981. When Grier was

"In Living Color"
People"". Singer Bruno Mars paid tribute to the television program in the music video ""Finesse"" In Living Color In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15, 1990 to May 19, 1994. Keenen Ivory Wayans created, wrote and starred in the program. The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Fox Television Center on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California. The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented ""in living

Keenen Ivory Wayans Keenen Ivory Desuma Wayans, Sr. (born June 8, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and a member of the Wayans family of entertainers. He first came to prominence as the host and the creator of the 1990–1994 Fox sketch comedy series ""In Living Color"". He has produced, directed and/or written a large number of films, starting with ""Hollywood Shuffle"", which he co wrote, in 1987. A majority of these films have included him and one or more of his brothers and sisters in the cast. One of these films, ""Scary Movie"" (2000), which Wayans directed, was

Jim Carrey alongside previously unknown actor/comedians Jamie Foxx, Tommy Davidson, David Alan Grier, and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh. Additionally, ""Dancing with the Stars"" judge and choreographer Carrie Ann Inaba and actress and pop music star Jennifer Lopez were members of the show's dance troupe The Fly Girls, with actress Rosie Perez serving as choreographer. The show launched the careers of Carrey, Foxx, Davidson, Grier, Keymáh, Inaba and Lopez, and is credited with bringing the Wayans family to a higher level of fame as well. It was immensely popular in its first two seasons, capturing more than a 10-point Nielsen rating; in

it had ""the free-wheeling, pointed sense of humor that connects with a large slice of today's audience"". ""The Columbus Dispatch"" described it as a ""marvelously inventive"" show that has ""catapulted television back to the cutting edge"". The sketch comedy show helped launch the careers of comedians/actors Jim Carrey (then credited as ""James Carrey""), one of only two white members of the original cast, Jamie Foxx, who joined the cast in the third season and David Alan Grier (an established theatre actor who had worked in Keenen Ivory Wayans' 1988 motion picture ""I'm Gonna Git You Sucka""). The series strove to

Arrested Development, Jodeci, Mary J. Blige, Tupac Shakur, Father MC, Gang Starr, The Pharcyde, Simple E, Us3, Digable Planets, Pete Rock & CL Smooth, Nice & Smooth, Wreckx-n-Effect, A.D.O.R., Redman, Showbiz and A.G., Patra, Naughty By Nature, Lords of the Underground, Prince Markie Dee, A Tribe Called Quest, and Leaders of the New School. The show employed an in-house dance troupe known as the ""Fly Girls"". The original lineup consisted of Carrie Ann Inaba (who became a choreographer and judge on ""Dancing with the Stars""), Cari French, Deidre Lang, Lisa Marie Todd, Barbara Lumpkin and Michelle Whitney-Morrison. Rosie Perez was

that most of the show's cast were black, unlike other sketch comedy shows such as ""Saturday Night Live"" whose casts are mostly white. It was controversial due to the Wayans' decision to portray black humor from the ghetto in a time when mainstream American tastes regarding black comedy had been set by more upscale shows such as ""The Cosby Show"", causing an eventual feud for control between Fox executives and the Wayans. Other members of the Wayans family—Damon, Kim, Shawn, and Marlon—had regular roles, while brother Dwayne frequently appeared as an extra. The show also starred the rising stand-up comic/actor

or as part of an opening gag. In one sketch, they were shown performing open-heart surgery (in the sketch, the girls are dancing in order to pay their way through medical school). Another routine featured the three original female cast members dancing off-beat during the introduction of the show, when it was revealed that the regular Fly Girls were all bound and gagged and breaking through the door where Keenan Ivory Wayans enters. Three of the Fly Girls also appeared in the eleventh episode of ""Muppets Tonight""'s second season in 1997. Keenen Ivory Wayans stopped appearing in sketches in 1992

"Electric guitar"
guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered to change the timbre of the sound. Often, the signal is modified using effects such as reverb, and distortion and ""overdrive""; the latter effect is considered to be a key element of electric blues guitar music and rock guitar playing. Invented in 1931, the amplified electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in large big band ensembles. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker, and Charlie Christian. During the 1950s and

"Electric blues"
Electric blues Electric blues refers to any type of blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments. The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s. Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues. By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica or blues harp using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier.

harmony and rhythm parts, rather than for guitar solos. They are relatively common in folk rock music. Lead Belly is the folk artist most identified with the twelve-string guitar, usually acoustic with a pickup. George Harrison of the Beatles and Roger McGuinn of the Byrds brought the electric twelve-string to notability in rock and roll. During the Beatles' first trip to the United States, in February 1964, Harrison received a new 360/12 model guitar from the Rickenbacker company, a twelve-string electric made to look onstage like a six-string. He began using the 360 in the studio on Lennon's ""You Can't

"George Barnes (musician)"
George Barnes (musician) George Warren Barnes (July 17, 1921 – September 5, 1977) was an American swing jazz guitarist who played the first electric guitar in 1931. He made the first commercial recording of an electric guitar on March 1, 1938, in sessions with Big Bill Broonzy. Barnes was born in South Chicago Heights, Illinois in 1921. His father was a guitarist and taught Barnes acoustic guitar at the age of nine. A year later, in 1931, Barnes's brother made a pickup and amplifier for him. Barnes said that he was the first person to play electric guitar. From 1935–1937,

the first to perform with the ES-150 guitar). The ES-150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Alvino Rey (Phil Spitalney Orchestra), Les Paul (Fred Waring Orchestra), Danny Stewart (Andy Iona Orchestra), George Barnes (under many aliases), Eddie Durham, Lonnie Johnson, Floyd Smith, Big Bill Broonzy, T-Bone Walker, George Van Eps, Charlie Christian (Benny Goodman Orchestra), Tampa Red, Memphis Minnie, and Arthur Crudup. According to jazz historian James Lincoln Collier, Floyd Smith can be credited as the first person to rig up an amplified guitar. According

guitar or, more commonly, both a six-string and a twelve-string. In the mid-1960s, one of the first players to use this type of guitar was Paul Revere & the Raiders' guitarist Drake Levin. Another early user was John McLaughlin. The double-neck guitar was popularized by Jimmy Page, who used a custom-made, cherry-finished Gibson EDS-1275 to perform ""Stairway to Heaven"", ""The Song Remains the Same"" and ""The Rain Song"", although for the recording of ""Stairway to Heaven"" he used a Fender Telecaster and a Fender XII electric twelve-string. Mike Rutherford of Genesis and Mike + the Mechanics is also famous for

steel guitar builder Paul Bigsby to build him a solid-body Spanish-style electric. Bigsby delivered the guitar in 1948. The first mass-produced solid-body guitar was Fender Esquire and Fender Broadcaster (later to become the Fender Telecaster), first made in 1948, five years after Les Paul made his prototype. The Gibson Les Paul appeared soon after to compete with the Broadcaster. Another notable solid-body design is the Fender Stratocaster, which was introduced in 1954 and became extremely popular among musicians in the 1960s and 1970s for its wide tonal capabilities and more comfortable ergonomics than other models. The history of Electric Guitars

Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used ""tungsten"" elements for pickups. The first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminium ""frying pan"" was built by Harry Watson, factory superintendent of the National Guitar Corporation. Commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (Electro-Patent-Instrument Company), in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker (originally Rickenbacher), and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed

instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins and banjos to amplify the sound. Hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge; however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, there are many claimants to have been the first to invent an electric guitar. Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers.

to Collier, ""Floyd's Guitar Blues"" may be the first important use of the electric guitar on record. A functioning solid-body electric guitar was designed and built in 1940 by Les Paul from an Epiphone acoustic archtop. His ""log guitar"" (so called because it consisted of a simple 4x4 wood post with a neck attached to it and homemade pickups and hardware, with two detachable Epiphone hollow-body halves attached to the sides for appearance only) shares nothing in design or hardware with the solid-body Gibson Les Paul introduced in 1952. However, the feedback associated with hollow-bodied electric guitars was understood long

watched premiere episode. Overall, the show has received positive reviews from critics. ""The Grand Tour"" is presented as a mix of pre-recorded television films and live-audience segments presented in a large tent to an audience of about 300 members. The show and its segments are hosted by Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May. The show is presented from a pair of large tents on a Grand Tour around the world. The presenters sit around a trestle table, with the studio audience seated in front of them. Each show is generally bookended by two television films, or two parts of

"Paradise Hotel"
the finale, Charla and Keith won $250,000, but had to decide whether to split it with their respective partners. Keith decided to split his winnings with Tara Gerard, while Charla chose to keep the money for herself and to give Dave nothing. The second season began airing on February 4, 2008 on MyNetworkTV and Fox Reality Channel. It was aired four years after on Fox. Amanda Byram returned as host and Mark Thompson returned as the announcer. New episodes aired on MyNetworkTV Monday nights at 9/8c with encore episodes airing Saturday nights at 9/8c. Fox Reality Channel aired more explicit,

"Surprise Surprise (TV series)"
final series of the original run in 1997 was broadcast on Friday evenings. Over the years, the show had many special guests, some of whom appeared live, including Neil Diamond. Many variety acts were also featured on the show. The Spice Girls made their live debut on an episode in 1996. In March 2012, it was announced that Holly Willoughby would host a revamped one-off episode of ""Surprise Surprise"" for ITV, although a full series was later announced. The series had six hour-long episodes, with episode 1 airing on 21 October 2012. A second series followed this in 2013, a

"The Apprentice (UK series 2)"
roles, as it was decided that Hewer and Mountford would mainly supply feedback on observations over past tasks during discussions between Sugar and the interviewers. As with the previous series, the candidates faced a charity-based task, which this time featured a reward as done on similar tasks in the American original, before the use of it was discontinued following the conclusion of the series' broadcast. This series is the first in the show's history to feature the iconic sequence involving the winner departing in Sugar's personal Rolls Royce, giving a brief interview on their success, a sequence that was created

planning permission for three months of filming from a fixed tent location on the Great Tew Estate, near Chipping Norton. Two-hundred parking spaces already used for hosting the Cornbury Music Festival on the same site would be used to accommodate 350 guests per week, plus 80 members of staff. The time window allowed for the series 2 filming was between October and December 2017. For third series, the traveling tent will again stay put and return to the Great Tew Estate, near Chipping Norton. Filming is planned to take place between October and December 2018. Following the public naming of

series include Hammond ""oversharing"" intimate personal information, and Clarkson being cut off after asking ""Can I talk about...?"" before either Hammond or May introduce the next segment; frequently, the subject he attempts to raise is Alfa Romeo and their new cars. The video introduction to the segment shows the men, in silhouette talking animatedly: in each episode the silhouettes change in various ways. The music used in the intro is a jazz piece called ""Heavy Berry"" by Scott Robinson. The first series included several running gags. During the opening titles of each episode, a camera drone was destroyed. From episode

"The Restaurant (UK series 2)"
order of elimination): James is now married and living in Dubai working as a head chef. Alasdair is running the Dartmouth Ice-cream Company, Dartmouth, Devon. He lives with his fiancé Jessica Quick, who is an Occupational Therapist, and their baby daughter Isla. The Restaurant (UK series 2) The second series of ""The Restaurant"" is a television series that aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two from 10 September to 29 October in 2008. Auditions took place in Manchester and London during March and April 2008. (The series aired in the United States on BBC America in early 2009 under

The Restaurant (UK series 2) The second series of ""The Restaurant"" is a television series that aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two from 10 September to 29 October in 2008. Auditions took place in Manchester and London during March and April 2008. (The series aired in the United States on BBC America in early 2009 under the title ""Last Restaurant Standing."") Raymond Blanc keeps his role in the series, and nine couples once again compete for the chance to open their own restaurant backed by Blanc. In July 2009 the winners, Russell Clement & Michele English, launched their

"Welcome 2"
Welcome 2 Welcome 2 was a concert tour by American recording artist Prince. Playing over 80 shows, the tour reached North America, Europe and Australia. Each leg of the tour is branded by the ""Welcome 2"" title followed by the continent the leg is located in. The tour marks the singer's first performances in North America in over six years. The show is composed of the singer performing his hits with his band The New Power Generation. Alongside Prince, various musicians performed including Janelle Monáe, Esperanza Spalding and Cassandra Wilson. The title of the tour varied depending on the territory

used for recording the audience reaction laugh track within the tent. The mobile studio audio setup used Lawo mixing desks connected via MADI for live sound mixing, recording and talkback intercoms. For the second series, following Clarkson's pneumonia and Hammond's car crash, the producers decided that there would no longer be a travelling tent. Instead the tent would be in one location near Clarkson's home in the Cotswolds as this would be more convenient for the crew to operate. It also would be useful for new features such as Celebrity Face Off. In September 2017, West Oxfordshire District Council gave

with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran

"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17)"
holds a reputation of being a family man, along with a history of corruption and violence against women. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17) The seventeenth season of """" debuted on Wednesday, September 23, 2015 on NBC, and concluded on Wednesday, May 25, 2016. ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" was renewed for a seventeenth season on February 5, 2015, by NBC. Mariska Hargitay (Olivia Benson) had her contract renewed for season 17, as well as Ice-T (Det. Fin Tutuola). It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's

"Say You Won't Let Go"
Say You Won't Let Go ""Say You Won't Let Go"" is a song by British singer and songwriter James Arthur. The song was released as a digital download on 9 September 2016 in the United Kingdom by Columbia Records as the lead single from his second studio album ""Back from the Edge"" (2016). The single peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart, a position it maintained for three weeks. Outside the United Kingdom, the single has topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden and the Republic of Ireland. It also became his breakthrough hit in the US,

spending four non-consecutive weeks at the top of the charts. The song has also charted in Australia, France, New Zealand and Sweden. On February 26, 2017, it was announced on Channel 4's ""Sunday Brunch"" that the single had sold 2 million copies worldwide. A music video to accompany the release of ""Say You Won't Let Go"" was first released onto YouTube on 9 September 2016 at a total length of three minutes and thirty seconds. Say You Won't Let Go ""Say You Won't Let Go"" is a song by British singer and songwriter James Arthur. The song was released as

peaking at number 11 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. In early March, it had gone double platinum in the UK. In May 2018, it was reported that The Script had launched legal proceedings against Arthur due to alleged copyright infringement in regards to the song. On 12 September 2016, the song was at number 30 on ""The Official Chart Update"" in the United Kingdom. On 16 September 2016, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 25, and peaked at number one two weeks later, spending three consecutive weeks at the top. The song was ranked the nineteenth biggest-selling

Lewis and Little Mix. In May 2017, the song reached No. 1 on the Adult Pop Songs Airplay Chart, more than six months after its release in the US. The song was also certified platinum in the US by the RIAA on May 18, 2017. The song has sold over 1,208,000 digital copies in the US as of September 2017. It was the eighth best-selling song of 2017 in the US, with 1,195,000 copies sold in 2017. On 15 September 2016, the song entered the Irish Singles Chart at number 91 before peaking at number one on 14 October and

"Don't Let Go (David Sneddon song)"
Don't Let Go (David Sneddon song) ""Don't Let Go"" is a pop song, written by musician, singer and songwriter David Sneddon and Scott MacAlister, and released as a single on 21 April 2003 where it reached No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 36 in Ireland. It was the second single and follow up to his debut number-one hit, ""Stop Living the Lie"". The song was included on his debut album, ""Seven Years - Ten Weeks"". The B-sides to this song – ""She Needs to Know"", ""The Longest Time"" and ""Smile Again"" – did not appear on the

song of 2016 in the UK, making Arthur the biggest-selling British male artist of the year. By the second week of January 2017, it had surpassed the one million sales mark, making him the first-ever ""X Factor"" act to have two singles sell over a million copies in his homeland. In the United States, the song is his first single to chart on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, making Arthur only the second winner of ""The X Factor UK"" to reach the US top 40 (following Leona Lewis) and only the third winner to chart on the Hot 100 following

"I Won't Let Go (Rascal Flatts song)"
I Won't Let Go (Rascal Flatts song) ""I Won't Let Go"" is a song written by Steve Robson and Jason Sellers and recorded by American country music group Rascal Flatts. It was released in January 2011 as the second single from the band's seventh studio album, ""Nothing Like This"" as well as their 28th single overall. The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Gary LeVox's vocal delivery for showing more maturity. ""I Won't Let Go"" peaked at number 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs chart and number 31 on the Hot 100. The song was certified Platinum

"Don't Let Go (Love)"
Don't Let Go (Love) ""Don't Let Go (Love)"" is a song by the American R&B group En Vogue. It was written by Ivan Matias, Andrea Martin, Marqueze Etheridge and produced by Organized Noize and Ivan Matias for the ""Set It Off"" soundtrack (1996), also appearing on the group's third album, ""EV3"" (1997). The song was the band's last released single with Dawn Robinson and was En Vogue's biggest international single, peaking in the top ten of many countries. According to ""Billboard"", the single ranked as the 83rd most successful single of the 1990s. ""Don't Let Go (Love)"" was written by

"I Can't Let Go"
I Can't Let Go ""I Can't Let Go"" is a song co-written by Al Gorgoni and Chip Taylor, who also wrote ""Wild Thing"". ""I Can't Let Go"" was originally recorded by blue-eyed soul singer Evie Sands' on George Goldner's Blue Cat label, which was popular in New York City in 1965. The song became popular in 1966 for the group The Hollies, who charted at number two in the UK Singles Chart with their version. Linda Ronstadt covered the song in 1980 and had a number 31 hit on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart. ""I Can't Let Go"" is

"Can't Let Go (Anthony Hamilton song)"
Can't Let Go (Anthony Hamilton song) ""Can't Let Go"" is an R&B–soul song written by American singer-songwriter Anthony Hamilton and songwriter/producer Mark Batson for Hamilton's third album, ""Ain't Nobody Worryin'"" (2005). Released in as the album's lead single in October 2005 and produced by Batson, it debuted at number seventy-six on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs the week of November 5, 2005; there, it had a whopping sixty-eight-week chart run, peaking at number thirteen. On the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, where it entered at number ninety-three the week of March 18, 2006, the stay was much more brief (nineteen weeks), as was

calculus, finally replacing the previous schools of scientific thought, which had been dominated by Aristotle and Ptolemy. However, the process was gradual. Several empirical tests of Newton's theory, explaining the longer period of oscillation of a pendulum at the equator and the differing size of a degree of latitude, would gradually become available between 1673 and 1738. In addition, stellar aberration was observed by Robert Hooke in 1674, and tested in a series of observations by Jean Picard over a period of ten years, finishing in 1680. However, it was not explained until 1729, when James Bradley provided an approximate

Ptolemy (""shukūk""). Several Muslim scholars questioned the Earth's apparent immobility and centrality within the universe. Some Muslim astronomers believed that the Earth rotates around its axis, such as Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi (d. circa 1020). According to al-Biruni, Sijzi invented an astrolabe called ""al-zūraqī"" based on a belief held by some of his contemporaries ""that the motion we see is due to the Earth's movement and not to that of the sky."" The prevalence of this view is further confirmed by a reference from the 13th century which states: According to the geometers [or engineers] (""muhandisīn""), the Earth is in constant

intended to explain changes in the brightness of the planets due to a change in distance. Eventually, perfectly concentric spheres were abandoned as it was impossible to develop a sufficiently accurate model under that ideal. However, while providing for similar explanations, the later deferent and epicycle model was flexible enough to accommodate observations for many centuries. Although the basic tenets of Greek geocentrism were established by the time of Aristotle, the details of his system did not become standard. The Ptolemaic system, developed by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus in the 2nd century AD finally standardised geocentrism. His main astronomical

Geocentric model In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth. The geocentric model served as the predominant description of the cosmos in many ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Two observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. First, from anywhere on Earth, the Sun appears to revolve around Earth once per day. While the Moon and the planets have their own motions,

1631). The change from circular orbits to elliptical planetary paths dramatically improved the accuracy of celestial observations and predictions. Because the heliocentric model devised by Copernicus was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, new observations were needed to persuade those who still adhered to the geocentric model. However, Kepler's laws based on Brahe's data became a problem which geocentrists could not easily overcome. In 1687, Isaac Newton stated the law of universal gravitation, described earlier as a hypothesis by Robert Hooke and others. His main achievement was to mathematically derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion from the law of gravitation,

where was the first high level language operating system created

"High-level programming language"
COBOL and Fortran. The first high-level programming language designed for computers was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse. However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments due to World War II, aside from the language's influence on the ""Superplan"" language by Heinz Rutishauser and also to some degree Algol. The first significantly widespread high-level language was Fortran, a machine-independent development of IBM's earlier Autocode systems. Algol, defined in 1958 and 1960 by committees of European and American computer scientists, introduced recursion as well as nested functions under lexical scope. It was

"High-level language computer architecture"
of RISC computers in the 1980s was primarily due to early adoption of on-chip cache and room for large registers, rather than intrinsic advantages of RISC. High-level language computer architecture A high-level language computer architecture (HLLCA) is a computer architecture designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language, rather than the architecture being dictated by hardware considerations. It is accordingly also termed language-directed computer design, coined in and primarily used in the 1960s and 1970s. HLLCAs were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but largely disappeared in the 1980s. This followed the dramatic failure of the Intel 432 (1981)

"History of programming languages"
History of programming languages The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945. The first high-level language to have an associated compiler, was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his PhD thesis. The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation); developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM. When FORTRAN was first introduced it was treated with suspicion because of the belief that programs compiled from high-level language would be less efficient than those written directly in machine

High-level language computer architecture A high-level language computer architecture (HLLCA) is a computer architecture designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language, rather than the architecture being dictated by hardware considerations. It is accordingly also termed language-directed computer design, coined in and primarily used in the 1960s and 1970s. HLLCAs were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but largely disappeared in the 1980s. This followed the dramatic failure of the Intel 432 (1981) and the emergence of optimizing compilers and reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture and RISC-like CISC architectures, and the later development of just-in-time compilation for HLLs.

"Programming language"
were still closely tied to the instruction set architecture of the specific computer. These served to make the program much more human-readable and relieved the programmer of tedious and error-prone address calculations. The first ""high-level programming languages"", or ""third-generation programming languages"" (3GL), were written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed for the German Z3 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not implemented until 1998 and 2000. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic

a writable control store. These were all mainframes. The Wang 2200 (1973) series were designed with a BASIC interpreter in micro-code. The Pascal MicroEngine (1979) was designed for the UCSD Pascal form of Pascal, and used p-code (Pascal compiler bytecode) as its machine code. This was influential on the later development of Java and Java machines. Lisp machines (1970s and 1980s) were a well-known and influential group of HLLCAs. Intel iAPX 432 (1981) was designed to support Ada. This was Intel's first 32-bit processor design, and was intended to be Intel's main processor family for the 1980s, but failed commercially.

include Python, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C# and many others. The terms ""high-level"" and ""low-level"" are inherently relative. Some decades ago, the C language, and similar languages, were most often considered ""high-level"", as it supported concepts such as expression evaluation, parameterised recursive functions, and data types and structures, while assembly language was considered ""low-level"". Today, many programmers might refer to C as low-level, as it lacks a large runtime-system (no garbage collection, etc.), basically supports only scalar operations, and provides direct memory addressing. It, therefore, readily blends with assembly language and the machine level of CPUs and

programs and simple compilers. The advantages of HLLCAs can be alternatively achieved in HLL Computer ""Systems"" (language-based systems) in alternative ways, primarily via compilers or interpreters: the system is still written in a HLL, but there is a trusted base in software running on an lower-level architecture. This has been the approach followed since circa 1980: for example, a Java system where the runtime environment itself is written in C, but the operating system and applications written in Java. Since the 1980s the focus of research and implementation in general-purpose computer architectures has primarily been in RISC-like architectures, typically internally

deal of intellectual effort. The first programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed by the Germans for Z1 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not implemented until 1998 and 2000. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer. Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematical expressions in understandable form. However, the program had to be translated into machine code every time it

"Interpreter (computing)"
language is an interpreter or a compiler, respectively. A high level language is ideally an abstraction independent of particular implementations. Interpreters were used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support for floating point numbers). Interpreters were also used to translate between low-level machine languages, allowing code to be written for machines that were still under construction and tested on computers that already existed. The first interpreted high-level language was Lisp. Lisp was first implemented in 1958 by Steve Russell on an

Act of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions or individuals. The term can be used in other countries with a legislature named ""Congress"", such as the Congress of the Philippines. In the United States, Acts of Congress are designated as either public laws, relating to the general public, or private laws, relating to specific institutions or individuals. Since 1957, all Acts of Congress have been designated as ""Public Law X-Y"" or ""Private

in the United States Code. An Act of Congress that violates the Constitution may be declared unconstitutional by the courts. The judicial declaration of an Act's unconstitutionality does not remove the law from the statute books; rather, it prevents the law from being enforced. However, future publications of the Act are generally annotated with warnings indicating that the statute is no longer valid law. Act of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions

Legislation
Legislation Legislation (or ""statutory law"") is law which has been promulgated (or ""enacted"") by a legislature or other governing body or the process of making it. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as ""legislation"", while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act which is adopted by an executive or administrative body under

commerce, in rulings such as ""McCulloch v Maryland"", have effectively widened the scope of Congress' legislative authority far beyond that prescribed in Section 8. Powers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called ""enumerated powers""; others have been assumed to exist and are called ""implied powers"". Article I

Powers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called ""enumerated powers""; others have been assumed to exist and are called ""implied powers"". Article I of the Constitution sets forth most of the powers of Congress, which include numerous explicit powers enumerated in Section 8. Constitutional amendments have granted

Law X-Y"", where X is the number of the Congress and Y refers to the sequential order of the bill (when it was enacted). For example, P. L. 111-5 (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) was the fifth enacted public law of the 111th United States Congress. Public laws are also often abbreviated as Pub. L. No. X-Y. When the legislation of those two kinds is proposed, it is called public bill and private bill respectively. The word ""act"", as used in the term ""Act of Congress"", is a common, not a proper noun. The capitalization of the word

""act"" is deprecated by some dictionaries and usage authorities. Some writers, in particular the U.S. Code, capitalize ""Act"". This is likely a result of the more liberal use of capital letters in legal contexts, which has its roots in the 18th century capitalization of all nouns as is seen in the United States Constitution. ""Act of Congress"" is sometimes used in informal speech to indicate something for which getting permission is burdensome. For example, ""It takes an Act of Congress to get a building permit in this town."" An Act adopted by simple majorities in both houses of Congress is

Congress include the authority to borrow money on the credit of the United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin money. Generally both Senate and House have equal legislative authority although only the House may originate revenue bills and, by tradition, appropriation bills. The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally-defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the

"Authorization bill"
Authorization bill An authorization bill is a type of legislation used in the United States to authorize the activities of the various agencies and programs that are part of the federal government of the United States. Authorizing such programs is one of the powers of the United States Congress. Authorizations give those things the legal power to operate and exist. Authorization bills must be passed in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate before being signed by the President of the United States in order to become law. They may originate in either chamber of

"Future Shock (FlashForward)"
the future. The montage ends with an older Charlie saying to someone off-screen, “They found him!” before the present Charlie awakens, along with Olivia, Lloyd, and Dylan. The FBI building is then shown exploding, possibly with Mark still inside. Charlie Benford's eyes as she wakes up from her flash forward during the second global blackout. The series was cancelled on May 14, 2010. However, the promo that aired on May 20, 2010 stated that this was the season finale. The finale was originally set to be two hours long, consisting of both this episode and ""Countdown"". After cancellation, they were

Flash. During the events of ""Infinite Crisis"", the Speed Force vanished, taking with it all the speedsters save Jay Garrick. Bart returned, four years older, and for a year claimed that he was depowered from the event. However, the Speed Force had not disappeared completely, but had been absorbed into Bart's body; essentially, he now contained all of the Speed Force. Bart's costume as the Flash was a clone of his grandfather's, similarly stylized to Wally West's. Not long after taking the mantle of the Flash, Bart was killed by the Rogues in the thirteenth (and final) issue of ""The

his resurrection. Avoiding the parades, parties, and other celebrations of his return, Barry instead contemplates why he is alive again. A visit to the Flash Museum and from his friend Hal Jordan is not enough to put his mind at ease as he runs off as the Flash. ""I can't be late,"" he says. When asked by Hal late for what, Flash replies, ""For whatever the rest of the world needs me for."" It is then revealed that Flash's mother was murdered when he was a child, and his father was arrested for the crime (this is pointedly contrary to

don't you recognize those vibrations? It can't be... Not after all these years... Not after all this time."" On the final page, Barry Allen is seen in hot pursuit of the bullet which kills Orion, outrunning the Black Racer and shouting to Jay and Wally to ""Run!"" During ""Final Crisis"" #3, Jay Garrick speaks to Barry's wife, Iris, and tells her that her husband is truly alive. Meanwhile, Wally and Barry run a few weeks into the future. When they come to rest, Wally asks Barry if it is really him. Lamenting on Orion's death, which he was unable to

to the Rogues, called ""The Renegades"" appear and tell Barry that they are from the 25th century, and that he is under arrest for murdering the ""Mirror Monarch"". Barry tells the crew that he has not killed anyone, to which their leader, ""Commander Cold"", tells him, ""Not yet. But you will."" After a brief struggle, where Weather Warlock's time disc was damaged, the Renegades were forced back to the 25th century, which also caused the destruction of an apartment building due to their uncontrolled jump back. Barry saves everyone in the building, even rebuilding the building in minutes, and goes

Michael Rosenbaum, Neil Patrick Harris, Justin Chambers, Christopher Gorham, Josh Keaton, Adam DeVine, and others have provided the character's voice in animation adaptations. In feature films, he is played by Ezra Miller in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with """" and ""Suicide Squad"" in 2016, followed by ""Justice League"" in 2017 and a solo ""Flash"" film in the works. Barry Allen is a police chemist (his job title was changed to a forensic chemist in ""The Flash: Iron Heights"" one-shot) with a reputation for being very slow, and frequently late, which frustrates his fiancée, Iris West, as the result of

2011, but was withdrawn. The storyline is loosely adapted in the film """" as well as in the third season of the CW network television series ""The Flash"". At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that ""Flashpoint"" will be adapted into a feature film as part of the DC Extended Universe. Barry Allen wakes up to discover everything and everyone around him has changed. He is not Flash, nor does he have powers. His mother Nora (deceased in his own timeline) is alive; his father, Henry, died of a heart attack three years ago (instead of in prison).

In the wake of the ""One Year Later"" event and Wally West's disappearance in ""Infinite Crisis"", DC canceled ""The Flash"" vol. 2 with issue #230 (March 2006) in favor of a new series starring Bart Allen as the Flash. The new series, titled ""The Flash: The Fastest Man Alive"", ran only 13 issues and ended with Bart's death. Mark Waid returned to the title briefly in 2007 with the series resuming with #231 to bring about the return of Wally West but the series was canceled again at issue #247 in late 2008 with the return of Barry Allen in

"The Tin Woodman of Oz"
even when the parts of their body are separated from each other.) Without a heart, the Tin Woodman felt he could no longer love Nimmie Amee and he left her. Dorothy and the Scarecrow found him after he had rusted in the forest (an event related in ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"") and went with him to the Emerald City where the Wizard gave him a heart. Woot suggests that the heart may have made him kind, but it did not make him loving, or he would have returned to Nimmie Amee. This shames the Tin Woodman and inspires him

"Tin Woodman"
as to why their own choices are superior; neither convinces the other, and Dorothy, listening, is unable to decide which one is right. Symbolically, because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest, she is provided with both and need not select. The Tin Woodman states unequivocally that he has neither heart nor brain, but cares nothing for the loss of his brain. Towards the end of the novel, though, Glinda praises his brain as not quite that of the Scarecrow's. The Wizard turns out to be a ""humbug"" and can only provide a placebo heart made of silk and filled

journey, both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed, and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party. When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group, they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height, damaging him badly. However Winkie Tinsmiths are able to repair him after the death of the Witch. His desire for a heart notably contrasts with the Scarecrow's desire for brains, reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions. This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends

"Ransom My Heart"
never be seen again, and if he tells anyone he has seen the culprit, Hugo will die. She later reveals that it was a lie, since she can't truly kill a person without guilt following her, and Hugo, realizing she isn't dangerous at all, begins to tease her. Hugo decides to lie to Finn about his wealth and says his name is Hugh Fitzwilliam, and he is a wealthy knight just returning to Leesbury. After having issues with keeping his hands off Finn, whom he has become attracted to, she unbinds him and instead carries his most valuable prize, an

was no longer able to love the lady he had fallen for. In ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"", Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest, as he was caught in rain, and use his oil can to release him. He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard. They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion. The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The Tin Woodman's axe proves useful in this

form; it cannot be destroyed. Polychrome suggests as a punishment for wickedness that Mrs. Yoop the giantess be made into the Green Monkey, and Ozma thus succeeds in restoring Woot to his proper form. The Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, Woot, and Polychrome resume their quest and come upon the spot where the Tin Woodman had rusted and find another tin man there. After they oil his joints, he identifies himself as Captain Fy-ter, a soldier who courted Nimmie Amee after the Woodman had left her. The Wicked Witch of the East had made Fy-ter's sword do what the Woodman's axe

"Any Human Heart"
wealth in the Wall Street Crash. He embarks on a series of amorous encounters: he loses his virginity to Tess, is rejected by Land Fothergill whom he met at Oxford, and marries Lottie, an Earl's daughter. They live together at Thorpe Hall in Norfolk, where Mountstuart, unstimulated by slow country life and his warm but dull wife, becomes idle. He meets Freya whilst on holiday, and begins an affair with her. Just before he departs for Barcelona to report on the Spanish Civil War, Lottie unexpectedly visits his London flat and quickly realises another woman lives with him. On his

"Two Hearts (story)"
horse, viciously wounding him. It is about to kill Sooz as well, but Schmendrick calls upon the unicorn Amalthea for aid. Amalthea quickly slays the wounded griffin and, though King Lír dies from his wounds (though not before joyously reuniting with the unicorn), she then brings Malka back to life with a touch of her magic horn. Amalthea soon vanishes without a trace, and Schmendrick and Molly depart to bury King Lír. Sooz fears that she will never see them again, but Molly teaches her a special song to whistle, one that she must not whistle aloud until she is

"After His Own Heart"
well known to the letter-writer and if he will give one month to an unexplained project, the sender will pay him $250,000. Duncan decides to reject the offer in the letter, but the thought of being with Sally makes him change his mind. The next day, a limousine arrives for Duncan and with it a huge man whom he names Goliath. Duncan is taken to the hospital of Dr. Spleen, a fanatic who wants to transplant Duncan's perfectly good heart into the body of Judah P. Corpus, Sally’s rich uncle, who wants to remain young. When Duncan learns that Spleen's

with sawdust. However, this is enough to please the Tin Woodman, who, with or without a heart, was all along the most tender and emotional of Dorothy's companions (just as the Scarecrow was the wisest and the Cowardly Lion the bravest). When he accidentally crushes an insect, he is grief-stricken and, ironically, claims that he must be careful about such things, while those with hearts do not need such care. This tenderness remains with him throughout the series, as in ""The Patchwork Girl of Oz"", where he refuses to let a butterfly be maimed for the casting of a spell.

"The Bad Seed"
as Christine, Lynn Redgrave as Monica, David Ogden Stiers as Emory (whose character is hinted to be a closeted homosexual), David Carradine as Leroy, and Chad Allen as Mark Daigle (whose character was never before seen only referenced). Carrie Wells played the title character, whose name was changed from Rhoda to Rachel. The TV-movie version was considered inferior to both the play and original film by critics. In December 2017, ""Deadline Hollywood"" reported that Rob Lowe is set to direct and star in a television remake for the Lifetime network. Mckenna Grace will also star. Eli Roth was set to

"The Seed"
The Seed The Seed is a 2005 short-film starring Will Yun Lee and Peter Mensah, produced and directed by Joe Hahn of Linkin Park and Ken Mercado. Hahn took his career as a director further with his second film, ""Mall"", released on June 18 2014 in North America. ""The Seed"" follows the events surrounding a homeless veteran named Ken Mercado, who is portrayed by Will Yun Lee. Living along the banks of the Los Angeles River, he is attacked by masked men in black vehicles, invisible to the eye. To any passers-by, Mercado appears to have some sort of mental

"The Bad Seed (2018 film)"
The Bad Seed (2018 film) The Bad Seed is a 2018 American made-for-television drama film directed by Rob Lowe for Lifetime. Lowe is also executive producer and stars in the film, alongside Mckenna Grace, Sarah Dugdale, Marci T. House, Lorne Cardinal, Chris Shields, Cara Buono, and a special appearance by Patty McCormack. The horror thriller is based on the 1954 novel by William March, the 1954 play, and the 1956 film. ""The Bad Seed"" originally aired on Lifetime on September 9, 2018. This is the second remake of the film, the first being a 1985 film. On September 16, 2018,

"Seed (The Walking Dead)"
(Scott Wilson), with the world growing increasingly more dangerous and Lori Grimes' (Sarah Wayne Callies) pregnancy advancing, Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and his group are now in search of a safe haven, as Lori is due to give birth any day. Rick and Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus) happen upon a prison complex, while hunting for food. The group clears out the outer prison courtyard of walkers and secure their position within the fences. As many of the dispatched walkers wear prison or guard uniforms, Rick believes the prison may have fallen early during the epidemic and could hold a large

a ""special edition"" of the TV movie was released that features behind the scenes interviews with Lowe, Grace, and McCormack. Widowed father David Grossman (Lowe) helps his daughter Emma (Grace) cope with a tragedy when a classmate drowns at her school. Emma initially seems like a loving child. However, David begins to wonder if she played a role in the incident, due to the fact that her classmate had won a citizenship medal she coveted. Further deaths occur, such as her teacher and nanny, and David is forced to accept the fact that his daughter is a cold-blooded killer. After

Lifetime gave the green-light on production. Warner Bros. Television owns the rights to the title. Actor-director Rob Lowe was also named as director and star of the 2018 release, with additional casting to follow. In February 2018, Mckenna Grace and Patty McCormack were announced as being cast. ""The Bad Seed"" received mixed reviews upon its release. David Feinberg of ""The Hollywood Reporter"" said: ""Call it ""The Bad Seed"" and you tap into a surface-glaze legitimacy that's probably unwarranted, because the movie, notable as co-star Rob Lowe's directing debut, achieves only a baseline amount of trashy fun, nothing more or less.""

"Seed of Chucky"
Seed of Chucky Seed of Chucky is a 2004 American comedy slasher film, the fifth installment of the ""Child's Play"" series, and sequel to 1998's ""Bride of Chucky"" as well as the first film to be distributed by another company since ""Child's Play"". The film was written and directed by Don Mancini, who created the series and has written all of the films. With this entry, Mancini made his directorial debut. The film is set six years after ""Child's Play 3"" and ""Bride of Chucky"" and follows a young doll named Glen, the son of Chucky and Tiffany, resurrecting his

her soul into Jennifer's body. Glen has one more birthday present to open. When he does so, Chucky's severed arm springs up to grab him, and his infamous laugh is heard as the screen fades to black. ""Seed of Chucky"" was filmed almost entirely in Romania. All of the animatronic and makeup effects were the handiwork of Effects Designer Tony Gardner and his company Alterian, Inc. ""Seed of Chucky"" opened at #4 with $8,774,520 on November 12–14, 2004. When the film closed on December 23, 2004, the domestic gross was $17,083,732 and $24,829,644 worldwide. In Australia, ""Seed of Chucky"" opened

parents, causing chaos. The film, shot in Romania, continues the series' evolution from the pure horror genre of the first movie to a hybrid horror-comedy. It was the last ""Child's Play"" film to be released in theaters, with all future installments to be released direct to DVD. The film was followed by another sequel, ""Curse of Chucky"", released on home video and Netflix in 2013. Six years after the previous film, Glen, the benevolent son of Chucky and Tiffany, has a nightmare in which he murders a little girl's parents. In reality, he is living a life of embarrassment and

"Windows 10 version history"
the Redstone codenames. It carries the build number 10.0.17763. The first preview was released to Insiders on February 14, 2018. The update was made available to public consumers on October 2, 2018. On October 6, 2018, Microsoft halted the public rollout of the update due to a serious bug that deletes user's files after updating. On October 9, 2018, Microsoft re-released the update to Insiders, stating that all known issues in the update (including file deletion bug) was identified and fixed. On October 25, 2018, Microsoft confirmed the existence of another bug which overwrites files without any confirmation when extracting

"Microsoft Office 2010"
end on October 13, 2020. Development started in 2007 while Microsoft was finishing work on Office 12, released as Microsoft Office 2007. The version number 13 was skipped because of the fear of the number 13. It was previously thought that Office 2010 (then called Office 14) would ship in the first half of 2009. On April 15, 2009, Microsoft confirmed that Office 2010 would be released in the first half of 2010. They announced on May 12, 2009, at a Tech Ed event, a trial version of the 64-bit edition. The Technical Preview 1 (Version: 14.0.4006.1010) was leaked on

"Windows 10"
released on April 11, 2017 for general availability, and on April 5, 2017 for manual installation via Windows 10 Upgrade Assistant and Media Creation Tool tools. This update primarily focuses on content creation, productivity, and gaming features—with a particular focus on virtual and augmented reality (including HoloLens and virtual reality headsets) and on aiding the generation of three-dimensional content. It supports a new virtual reality workspace designed for use with headsets; Microsoft announced that several OEMs planned to release VR headsets designed for use with the Creators Update. Controls for the Xbox app's Game Bar and Game DVR feature have

10 version 1803, codenamed ""Redstone 4"", is the fifth major update to Windows 10 and the fourth in a series of updates under the Redstone codenames. It carries the build number 10.0.17134. The first preview was released to Insiders on August 31, 2017. The final release was made available to Windows Insiders on April 16, 2018, followed by a public release on April 30, and began to roll out on May 8. Windows 10 October 2018 Update, or version 1809, codenamed ""Redstone 5"", is the sixth major update to Windows 10 and the fifth in a series of updates under

""placeholders"" function. It also introduces a new security feature known as ""controlled folder access"", which can restrict the applications allowed to access specific folders. This feature is designed mainly to defend against file-encrypting ransomware. The sixth stable build of Windows 10 is called version 1803. It was codenamed ""Redstone 4"" (RS4) during development. This version is installed by the April 2018 Update, which was released as a manual download on April 30, 2018, with a broad rollout coming on May 8, 2018. This update was originally meant to be released on April 10 but was delayed due to a bug

Windows 10 Windows 10 is a series of personal computer operating systems produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the successor to Windows 8.1, and was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and to retail on July 29, 2015. Windows 10 receives new builds on an ongoing basis, which are available at no additional cost to users. Mainstream builds of Windows 10 are labeled version YYMM with YY representing the year and MM representing the month of release. For example, the latest mainstream build of Windows 10 is Version 1809. There

July 29, 2015. In comparison to previous Windows releases, which had a longer turnover between the release to manufacturing (RTM) and general release to allow for testing by vendors (and in some cases, the development of ""upgrade kits"" to prepare systems for installation of the new version), an HP Inc. executive explained that because it knew Microsoft targeted the operating system for a release in 2015, the company was able to optimize its then-current and upcoming products for Windows 10 in advance of its release, negating the need for such a milestone. The general availability build of Windows10, numbered 10240,

is installed by the November Update, which began to be distributed via Windows Update on November 12, 2015. It contains various improvements to the operating system, its user interface, bundled services, as well as the introduction of Skype-based universal messaging apps, and the Windows Store for Business and Windows Update for Business features. On November 21, 2015, the November Update was temporarily pulled from public distribution. The upgrade was re-instated on November 24, 2015, with Microsoft stating that the removal was due to a bug that caused privacy and data collection settings to be reset to defaults when installing the

on this build include updates to the clipboard function (including support for clipboard history and syncing with other devices), SwiftKey virtual keyboard, Snip & Sketch, and File Explorer supporting the dark color scheme mode. On October 6, 2018, the build was pulled by Microsoft following isolated reports of the update process deleting files from user directories. It was re-released to Windows Insider channel on October 9, with Microsoft citing a bug in OneDrive's Known Folder Redirection function as the culprit. Microsoft resumed the rollout of 1809 on November 13, 2018 for a small percentage of users. In May 2017, Microsoft

which could ""increase chances of a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)"". The most significant feature of this build is Timeline, which is displayed within Task View. It allows users to view a list of recently-used documents and websites from supported applications (""activities""). When users consent to Microsoft data collection via Microsoft Graph, activities can also be synchronized from supported Android and iOS devices. The seventh stable build of Windows 10 is called version 1809. It was codenamed ""Redstone 5"" (RS5) during development. This version is installed by the October 2018 Update, which was released on October 2, 2018. Highlighted features

"Battles of Saratoga"
Battles of Saratoga The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which

swelling the size of the American army. Disputes within the American camp led Gates to strip Arnold of his command. British General Sir Henry Clinton moved up from New York City and attempted to divert American attention by capturing two forts in the Hudson River highlands on October 6, but his efforts were too late to help Burgoyne. Burgoyne attacked Bemis Heights again on October 7 after it became apparent that he would not receive relieving aid in time. This battle culminated in heavy fighting marked by Arnold's spirited rallying of the American troops. Burgoyne's forces were thrown back to

calls by state governors, the success at Bennington, and widespread outrage over the slaying of Jane McCrea, the fiancée of a Loyalist in Burgoyne's army by Indians under Burgoyne's command. General George Washington's strategic decisions also improved the situation for Gates' army. Washington was most concerned about the movements of General Howe. He was aware that Burgoyne was also moving, and he took some risks in July. He sent aid north in the form of Major General Benedict Arnold, his most aggressive field commander, and Major General Benjamin Lincoln, a Massachusetts man noted for his influence with the New England

took place 18 days apart on the same ground, south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed. Burgoyne found himself trapped by superior American forces with no relief, so he retreated to Saratoga (now Schuylerville) and surrendered his entire army there on October 17. His surrender, says historian Edmund Morgan, ""was a great turning point of the war because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory."" Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over

Miss Bailey incorrectly states that Benedict Arnold was wounded at the Battle of Saratoga when there was, in fact no SINGLE Battle of Saratoga. She also fails to mention that Arnold was wounded during the assault on Quebec City in the same leg. Battles of Saratoga The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British

and the southern pincer was to progress up the Hudson River valley from New York City. The northern pincer was to proceed southward from Montreal, and the three forces were to meet in the vicinity of Albany, New York, severing New England from the other colonies. British General John Burgoyne moved south from the province of Quebec in June 1777 to gain control of the upper Hudson River valley. His campaign had become bogged down in difficulties following a victory at Fort Ticonderoga. Elements of the army had reached the upper Hudson as early as the end of July, but

British attempts to move west. While General Fraser was mortally wounded in this phase of the battle, a frequently told story claiming it to be the work of Timothy Murphy, one of Morgan's men, appears to be a 19th-century fabrication. The fall of Fraser and the arrival of Ten Broeck's large militia brigade (which roughly equaled the entire British reconnaissance force in size), broke the British will, and they began a disorganized retreat toward their entrenchments. Burgoyne was also very nearly killed by one of Morgan's marksmen; three shots hit his horse, hat, and waistcoat. The first phase of the

logistical and supply difficulties delayed the main army at Fort Edward. One attempt to alleviate these difficulties failed when nearly 1,000 men were killed or captured at the August 16 Battle of Bennington. Furthermore, news reached Burgoyne on August 28 that St. Leger's expedition down the Mohawk River valley had turned back after the failed Siege of Fort Stanwix. General William Howe had taken his army from New York City by sea on a campaign to capture Philadelphia instead of moving north to meet Burgoyne. Most of Burgoyne's Indian support had fled following the loss at Bennington, and his situation

militia. He ordered 750 men from Israel Putnam's forces defending the New York highlands to join Gates' army in August, before he was certain that Howe had indeed sailed south. He also sent some of the best forces from his own army: Colonel Daniel Morgan and the newly formed Provisional Rifle Corps, which comprised about 500 specially selected riflemen from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, chosen for their sharpshooting ability. This unit came to be known as Morgan's Riflemen. On September 7, Gates ordered his army to march north. A site was selected for its defensive potential that was known as

and 15. The Continental Army had been in a slow retreat since Burgoyne's capture of Ticonderoga early in July, under the command of Major General Philip Schuyler, and was encamped south of Stillwater, New York. On August 19, Major General Horatio Gates assumed command from Schuyler, whose political fortunes had fallen over the loss of Ticonderoga and the ensuing retreat. Gates and Schuyler were from very different backgrounds and did not get along with each other; they had previously argued over command issues in the army's Northern Department. The army was growing in size because of increased militia turnout following

Creatine
Sally Gunnell, who was the gold medalist in the 400-meter hurdles, as another creatine user. In addition, ""The Times"" also noted that 100 meter hurdler Colin Jackson began taking creatine before the Olympics. At the time, low-potency creatine supplements were available in Britain, but creatine supplements designed for strength enhancement were not commercially available until 1993 when a company called Experimental and Applied Sciences (EAS) introduced the compound to the sports nutrition market under the name ""Phosphagen"". Research performed thereafter demonstrated that the consumption of high glycemic carbohydrates in conjunction with creatine increases creatine muscle stores. Creatine was first identified

Creatine
to give phosphocreatine. The phosphate group is attached to an NH center of the creatine. The P-N bond is highly reactive. Creatine supplements are marketed in ethyl ester, gluconate, monohydrate, and nitrate forms. Endogenous serum or plasma creatine concentrations in healthy adults are normally in a range of 2–12 mg/L. A single 5 g (5000 mg) oral dose in healthy adults results in a peak plasma creatine level of approximately 120 mg/L at 1–2 hours post-ingestion. Creatine has a fairly short elimination half-life, averaging just less than 3 hours, so to maintain an elevated plasma level it would be necessary

"Battle of Britain Memorial Flight"
years, as new aircraft are acquired and older ones passed to museums or used for parts. Over the years the BBMF have called many RAF bases ""home"". These include: Biggin Hill July 1957–March 1958, North Weald March–May 1958, Martlesham Heath May 1958–November 1961, Horsham St Faith November 1961–April 1963, Coltishall April 1963–March 1976 and RAF Coningsby since March 1976. Aircraft currently in the flight have served with the RAF, the United States Army Air Forces, and the Royal Canadian Air Force, as well as having been privately owned; whilst in the RAF, they were flown by Czechoslovakian, Polish, South African,

""Battle of Britain Memorial Flight"" in 1973, with the acquisition of the Lancaster. BBMF moved to its present home at RAF Coningsby in 1976, since then it has acquired several more aircraft including, the first Chipmunk acquired in 1983, a Dakota was originally acquired in 1995, as a more reliable multi-engine trainer than the De Havilland Devon, that was nicknamed the 'Devon State Two', due to its tendency to return to the ground on an emergency state two; but has since taken a fuller role in BBMFs line up. The Spitfires and Hurricanes in the flight have varied over the

"RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)"
RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk) Royal Naval Air Station Culdrose (RNAS Culdrose, also known as HMS ""Seahawk""; ICAO: EGDR) is a Royal Navy airbase near Helston on the Lizard Peninsula of Cornwall UK, and is the largest helicopter base in Europe. Its main role is serving the Fleet Air Arm's front line Sea King and Merlin helicopter squadrons. Admiralty surveyors first started preliminary surveys of land near Helston in 1942. RNAS ""Culdrose"" was built by John Laing & Son and commissioned as HMS ""Seahawk"" five years after these initial surveys. The station was originally designed to be a wartime airfield lasting

vanished from the modern RAF fleet. Chipmunk WG486 flew reconnaissance missions over East Germany, as part of the RAF Gatow Station Flight, in co-operation with the British Commander-in-Chief's Mission to the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, commonly known as BRIXMIS. The flight also regularly takes part in combined flypasts with other recognisable British aircraft, such as the Red Arrows. It appeared on occasion with Concorde before that aircraft's withdrawal from service in October 2003. For much of the 2014 display season the flight was joined by Canadian built Lancaster B Mk X FM213. This aircraft is owned and operated

UK in 1954, and was retired to gate guarding duties. In 1987 she was modified with a Griffon 58 engine and refurbished to flying condition by British Aerospace. She currently carries the markings of PS888 of 81 Squadron based at Seletar, Singapore, during the Malayan Emergency which conducted the last operational RAF Spitfire sortie on 1 April 1954, photographing communist guerrilla hideouts over an area of jungle in Johore. The ground crew painted the inscription ""The Last!"" on PS 915's left engine cowling. One Mark XIX Spitfire, PS853, was sold in 1994 to defray the costs of rebuilding Hurricane LF363

Battle of Britain Memorial Flight The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) is a Royal Air Force flight which provides an aerial display group usually comprising an Avro Lancaster, a Supermarine Spitfire and a Hawker Hurricane. The aircraft are regularly seen at events commemorating the Second World War and upon British State occasions, notably Trooping the Colour, celebrating Queen Elizabeth II's 80th birthday in 2006, as well as the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton in 2011 and at air displays throughout the United Kingdom and Europe. The flight is administratively part of No. 1 Group

"No. 1 Group RAF"
No. 1 Group RAF No. 1 Group of the Royal Air Force is one of the two operations groups in Air Command, the other being the No. 2 Group. Today, the group is referred to as the Air Combat Group, as it controls the RAF's combat fast-jet aircraft and has airfields in the UK, as well as RAF Support Unit Goose Bay in Canada. The group headquarters is located alongside Headquarters Air Command at RAF High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. The current Air officer commanding No 1 Group is Air Vice-Marshal Harvey Smyth. The following stations and squadrons are under the command

Vera's departure back to Canada in mid-September. In the years following World War II it became traditional for a Spitfire and Hurricane to lead the Victory Day flypast over London. From that event there grew the idea to form a historic collection of flyable aircraft, initially to commemorate the RAF's major battle honour, the Battle of Britain, and latterly with broadened scope, to commemorate the RAF's involvement in all the campaigns of World War II. Thus in 1957 the Historic Aircraft Flight was formed at RAF Biggin Hill with one Hurricane (LF363) and three Mk XIX Spitfires (PM631, PS853 and

"No. 1 Squadron RAF"
No. 1 Squadron RAF No. 1 (F) Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was the first squadron to fly a VTOL aircraft. It currently operates Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft from RAF Lossiemouth. The squadron motto, ""In omnibus princeps"" (""First in all things"") reflects the squadron's status as the RAF's oldest unit, having been involved in almost every major British military operation from the First World War to the present time. These include the Second World War, Suez Crisis, Falklands War, Gulf War, Kosovo War, and Operation Telic (Iraq). No. 1 Squadron's origins go back to 1878 when

"501st Combat Support Wing"
hosts the world’s largest military airshow called the Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT); typically held in July. RAF Welford comprises 806 acres and is bordered by a 31,680 foot fence-line. They are home to the U.S. Air Forces in Europe’s second largest munitions hub. The installation currently maintains 15,000 bombs; over a $160 million stockpile. RAF Menwith Hill houses the 421st Air Base Group. Their mission is to ensure a full range of base support services for an installation populace of 4,500 military, civilians, contractors and their families. The group hosts 10 multi-national, multi-service, multi-agency units performing U.S. and U.K.

States which is not decided by popular vote. Nine vice presidents became president by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Donald Trump of New York is the 45th and current president. He assumed office on January 20, 2017. During the American Revolution in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain. The new states were independent of each other as nation states and recognized the necessity of closely coordinating their efforts against the British. Congress desired to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy and negotiated the Articles of Confederation

Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office. By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand and it had raised a total amount exceeding $50 million towards the 2020 campaign . Footnotes Citations Bibliography Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens, and received an economics

office as ""a bogus concoction that has no basis in the U.S. Constitution."" President-elect Donald Trump did likewise on January 11, 2017. The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 further authorizes the Administrator of the General Services Administration to certify, even before the December vote of the Electoral College, the apparent winner of the November general election as the president-elect for the purposes of receiving federal transition funding, office space and communications services prior to the beginning of the new administration on January 20. The president-elect assumes office as the next president of the United States upon the expiration of the

"Presidency of Donald Trump"
Presidency of Donald Trump The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST on January 20, 2017, when Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States, succeeding Barack Obama. A Republican, Trump was a businessman and reality television personality from New York City at the time of his 2016 presidential election victory over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton. While Trump lost the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes, he won the Electoral College vote, 304 to 227, in a presidential contest targeted by a Russian sabotage campaign. As of the end of his first year in

is the 48th and current vice president. He assumed office on January 20, 2017. No mention of an office of vice president was made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention until near the end, when an 11-member committee on ""Leftover Business"" proposed a method of electing the chief executive (president). Delegates had previously considered the selection of the Senate's presiding officer, deciding that, ""The Senate shall choose its own President,"" and had agreed that this official would be designated the executive's immediate successor. They had also considered the mode of election of the executive but had not reached consensus. This all

"United States presidential transition"
federal officials have been pushing for candidates to start planning a potential administration earlier and earlier in the election calendar. The most recent transition was the Trump transition—the transition from the Obama administration to the Trump administration—which concluded on January 20, 2017, with the swearing in of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States. For much of American history, presidential transitions were carried out without very much advance planning or even cooperation from the sitting chief executive. A president-elect was not expected to come to the nation’s capital until the inauguration and had few if any substantial

as acting Secretary of Health and Human Services. Kirstjen Nielsen succeeded Kelly as Secretary in December 2017. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson was fired via a tweet in March 2018; Trump appointed Mike Pompeo to replace Tillerson and Gina Haspel to succeed Pompeo as the Director of the CIA. In the wake of a series of controversies, Scott Pruitt resigned as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in July 2018. Deputy Administrator Andrew Wheeler is slated to serve as acting administrator beginning July 9, 2018. At the time of Pruitt's resignation, he is the fifth member of Trump's cabinet to

and Russia and was lauded as an elder statesman. Jimmy Carter has become a global human rights campaigner, international arbiter, and election monitor, as well as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Bill Clinton has also worked as an informal ambassador, most recently in the negotiations that led to the release of two American journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, from North Korea. Clinton has also been active politically since his presidential term ended, working with his wife Hillary on her 2008 and 2016 presidential bids and President Obama on his 2012 reelection campaign. As of there are four

The U.S. and Russia clashed repeatedly over the civil war in Syria, in which Russia actively supports the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, while a U.S.-led coalition has conducted air strikes against Syrian government forces as well as ISIL-linked groups. On February 7, 2018, a U.S. air and artillery strike on a pro-government formation in eastern Syria killed multiple Russian mercenary troops. The incident was described as ""the first deadly clash between citizens of Russia and the United States since the Cold War"" and ""an episode that threatens to deepen tensions with Moscow"". On April 7, 2017, the U.S.

"Acting President of the United States"
the presidency and vice presidency both become vacant however, the statutory successor called upon would not become president, but would only be acting as president. To date, two vice presidents—George H. W. Bush (once) and Dick Cheney (twice)—have been acting president. No one lower in the line of succession has yet been called upon to act as president. The qualifications for Acting President are the same as those for the office of President. prescribes three eligibility requirements for the presidency. At the time of taking office one must: be a natural-born U.S. citizen of the United States; be at least

"Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song)"
Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song) ""Suddenly"" is a song from the soundtrack album ""Xanadu"", and is the love theme from the 1980 film of the same name. The song is performed as a duet between Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard. It was written by John Farrar who also produced the record. ""Suddenly"" was released on Jet Records and reached No. 15 in the UK charts in October 1980 and No. 20 in the US in January 1981. It was also a major adult contemporary hit, reaching number four. The video shows them in a penthouse singing the song

"Suddenly (Billy Ocean song)"
Suddenly (Billy Ocean song) ""Suddenly"" is a popular song from 1985 written and performed by the Trinidadian-born, British-based pop music singer Billy Ocean. It is the title track to the singer's 1984 breakthrough album, which was produced by Keith Diamond. Released as the third single from the album (following the success of ""Caribbean Queen"" and ""Loverboy""), the ballad, ""Suddenly"", reached the top five on the UK Singles Chart in mid-1985, peaking at number four. The song reached the same chart peak on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in the US, spending two weeks at number four in June of that

"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)"
Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) ""Suddenly"" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, ""Libra"" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album """". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release ""Sundown"" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.

year. It peaked at number five on the ""Billboard"" R&B chart and spent two weeks at number one on the ""Billboard"" adult contemporary chart. The music video features Billy Ocean performing the song live before an audience. Suddenly (Billy Ocean song) ""Suddenly"" is a popular song from 1985 written and performed by the Trinidadian-born, British-based pop music singer Billy Ocean. It is the title track to the singer's 1984 breakthrough album, which was produced by Keith Diamond. Released as the third single from the album (following the success of ""Caribbean Queen"" and ""Loverboy""), the ballad, ""Suddenly"", reached the top five

to each other taken from her ABC TV special ""Hollywood Nights"" that aired before the Academy Awards on March 31st, 1981. The song was covered by Filipino singers Sam Milby and Toni Gonzaga on their gold album ""Love Duets"", released February 20, 2009, also released as a single. Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song) ""Suddenly"" is a song from the soundtrack album ""Xanadu"", and is the love theme from the 1980 film of the same name. The song is performed as a duet between Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard. It was written by John Farrar who also produced the

"Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song)"
the start of the trilogy in the video ""He Said She Said"". Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song) ""Suddenly"" is a single from Ashley Tisdale's debut album ""Headstrong"", the song was released in Germany on May 2, 2008, as her fourth single there. The song was not released in the United States, and was her debut album's final single. The song is written by Tisdale and Janice Robinson and is produced by Guy Roche. She performed the song the first and only time at the ""75th Rockefeller Christmas Tree"" on New York City, United States. ""Music Beat"" moderately positively reviewed the song,

"Suddenly Last Summer (song)"
beat and another with a semi-tropical beat. Lead singer Martha Davis has said in various radio interviews that she wrote the song while reflecting on her life and ""how you know summer is ending when you hear the ice cream truck go by for the last time and you know he won't be back for a while"". An ice cream truck appears throughout the music video (directed by Val Garay, the single's producer), which also features one of Davis' daughters (presumably Maria) and actor Robert Carradine as Davis' love interest. The single began climbing the Hot 100 as that summer

"Unexpected Song"
Unexpected Song ""Unexpected Song"" is a 1984 song from the musical ""Song & Dance"" originally sung (on Broadway) by Bernadette Peters. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Don Black. A single was released by Sarah Brightman. Originally released by Marti Webb and Justin Hayward as a duet in 1981 the song had new lyrics penned for the original 1982 production of the show and was re-titled ""When You Want to Fall in Love"". The original lyrics were re-instated when the show was re-written for Brightman's run. It was later used in Lloyd Webber's and Black's

Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song) ""Suddenly"" is a single from Ashley Tisdale's debut album ""Headstrong"", the song was released in Germany on May 2, 2008, as her fourth single there. The song was not released in the United States, and was her debut album's final single. The song is written by Tisdale and Janice Robinson and is produced by Guy Roche. She performed the song the first and only time at the ""75th Rockefeller Christmas Tree"" on New York City, United States. ""Music Beat"" moderately positively reviewed the song, though they claim Tisdale's vocals are not strong enough for a big

"Proof of Life"
long been the scene of an internal conflict between its government forces and the Liberation Army of Tecala (ELT). The ELT was originally a Marxist guerrilla group supported by the Soviet Union, but after the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, the ELT's primary source of funding fell through, and they began kidnapping people for ransom to fund their operations. A map seen in the film is that of Ecuador. The country's capital Quito was chosen along with the eastern jungle and the nearby city of Baños de Agua Santa in the Ecuadorian Andes. The film opened in wide release in

before the latter departs with Peter on an immediate flight to the U.S. Although the producers wanted to film in Colombia, due to the dangers that guerrillas posed in that country at the time, the movie was mainly filmed in Ecuador. The large piles of money used to pay for the rescue were sucres, the Ecuadorian national currency at the time of the filming. Tecala's geographic and urban appearance and its political characteristics were based loosely on a mix of several Andean countries. The ELT's characterization appears to be primarily based on the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Coincidentally,

The film stars Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe. During production, the two lead actors had a romantic affair. At the time, Ryan was married to Dennis Quaid, but the two divorced in 2001. The film garnered much reportage in the tabloid press in association with the lead actors' affair. The film is dedicated to Will Gaffney, an actor who was David Morse's stand-in. He was killed in an on-set accident during a scene in which Morse was not available, due to a family illness. Alice Bowman (Meg Ryan) moves to the (fictional) South American country of Tecala because her engineer

husband, Peter Bowman (David Morse), has been hired to help build a new dam for oil company Quad Carbon. While driving one morning through the city, Peter is caught in traffic and then ambushed and abducted by guerrilla rebels of the Liberation Army of Tecala (ELT). Believing that Peter is working on Quad Carbon's oil pipeline, ELT soldiers lead him through the jungle. Terry Thorne (Russell Crowe), a former member of the British Special Air Service, arrives in Tecala fresh from a successful hostage rescue in Chechnya. As an expert negotiator in kidnapping-and-ransom cases, he is assigned by his company,

Colombia's second largest guerrilla group is the Ejército de Liberación Nacional or ELN. Control Risks, a risk consulting firm, was hired to provide security for the cast and crew while filming on location. The firm also served as inspiration for kidnap and ransom consulting seen in the film. The movie end credit and post-script says: ""Inspired by the VANITY FAIR article 'Adventures in the Ransom Trade' by William Prochnau and by the book ""Long March to Freedom"" by Thomas Hargrove. The Republic of Tecala, where most of ""Proof of Life"" is set, is a fictional South American country. Tecala has

Caruso), a competing negotiator and ex–Green Beret. Over the next few months, Thorne uses a radio to speak with an ELT contact, and the two argue over terms for Peter's release—including a ransom payment that Alice can afford. Thorne and Alice bond through the ordeal, and become intimate. They eventually negotiate a sum of $650,000. Meanwhile, Peter has become a prisoner at the ELT's jungle base camp. There, he befriends another hostage named Kessler (Gottfried John)—a missionary and former member of the French Foreign Legion—who has lived in the camp for nineteen months. The two concoct an escape plan, but

the ELT will no longer negotiate. At Thorne's urging, Alice and Kessler convince the Tecala government that the ELT is mounting an attack on the pipeline being built through their territory. This forces the government army to mobilize, thus forcing a bulk of the camp's ELT troops to mobilize for a counter-attack. Thorne, Dino, and several associates are then inserted by helicopter and raid the weakened ELT base. They overcome the camp's soldiers, free Peter and another hostage, and then fly back to the city, where Alice happily reunites with her husband. Thorne and Alice share a final intimate moment

"Living Proof (film)"
Herceptin, over the course of 8 years from 1988 to 1996. Dr. Slamon is a research doctor at UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles), where he has developed the experimental drug Herceptin, which he believes will become a treatment for breast cancer. However, when the drug company stops funding for research, philanthropists, including Lilly Tartikoff (Angie Harmon) and Ronald Perelman help him continue tests of the drug. Funding was done with an initial donation from Perelman's Revlon charity, and continued over the years with the ""Fire and Ice Ball"" organized by Tartikoff. Eventually the drug company funds the research and the

Luthan Risk, to bargain for Peter's safe return. Unfortunately, it is learned that Quad Carbon is on the verge of bankruptcy and takeover, and therefore has no insurance coverage for kidnapping, so they cannot afford Thorne's services. Despite Alice's pleas to stay, Thorne leaves the country. Alice is then assigned a corrupt local hostage negotiator, who immediately urges her to pay the ELT's first ransom demand: a $50,000 ""good faith"" payment. Not knowing what to do, Alice agrees, but the transaction is stopped by Thorne who (due to his conscience) has returned to help. He is aided by Dino (David

drug goes through three trials before gaining approval from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Prior to the trials, the drug has a ""mouse trial"", with Nicole (Tammy Blanchard), a young mother with stage 4 cancer, receiving the drug first. Although her mother Elizabeth (Swoosie Kurtz) pleads with Dr. Slamon, Nicole is not included in the subsequent trials as she does not meet the protocols. The women in the trials, particularly the first trial, band together. They handle their disease and drug trial, with humor—Tish (Jennifer Coolidge), or with alternative therapy—Tina (Trudie Styler). The stories of Barbara (Bernadette Peters) and

"Mapp v. Ohio"
couldn't use the books as evidence in the trial because they were found without a warrant and therefore illegally recovered. Mapp was the first to call upon this law, which created precedent for future cases. The U.S. Supreme Court voted 6-3 in favor of Mapp. The Court overturned the conviction, and five Justices held that the states were bound to exclude evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment. This majority decision applied the exclusionary rule to the states. Justice Potter Stewart, concurring in the result, expressed ""no view as to the merits of the"" exclusionary rule, but concurred because

Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against ""unreasonable searches and seizures,"" may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law. The Supreme Court accomplished this by use of a principle known as selective incorporation; in ""Mapp"" this involved the incorporation of the provisions, as interpreted by the Court, of the

the Ohio statute concerning obscenity, under which Mapp had been convicted, violated the First Amendment. The three dissenting Justices would have adhered to the Court's contrary prior holding in ""Wolf v. Colorado"", 338 U.S. 25 (1949), which declined to apply the exclusionary rule to the states. She was convicted in 1999 Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against ""unreasonable searches and seizures,"" may not be used in state law criminal

the apartment of the downstairs tenant, Minerva Tate. In the search of Mapp's apartment and in a footlocker in the basement of the house police found a quantity of ""California Gold"" betting slips and paraphernalia. They also found a pistol and a small number of pornographic books and pictures which Mapp stated a previous tenant named Morris Jones had left behind. Mapp was arrested, charged, and cleared on a misdemeanor charge of possessing numbers paraphernalia; but several months later, after she refused to testify against Shon Birns, Edward Keeling and their associates at their trial that October for the attempted

equipment employed in the ""California Gold"" numbers operation set up by Mapp's boyfriend Edward Keeling. Three officers went to the home and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp, after consulting her lawyer by telephone, refused to admit them without a search warrant. Two officers left, and one remained, watching the house from across the street. Thirteen hours later, four cars full of police arrived and knocked on the door. When she didn't answer, they forced the door. Mapp asked to see the alleged warrant and was shown a piece of paper which she snatched away from an officer, putting

shakedown of Don King, she was prosecuted for possession of the books, found guilty at a 1958 trial of ""knowingly having had in her possession and under her control certain lewd and lascivious books, pictures, and photographs in violation of 2905.34 of Ohio's Revised Code"", and sentenced to one to seven years in prison. Mapp then appealed her case to the Supreme Court, on the grounds that the police had no probable cause to suspect her of having the books. She stated that the 4th Amendment should be incorporated to the state and local level. She argued that the police

"Brandenburg v. Ohio"
group or assemblage of persons formed to teach or advocate the doctrines of criminal syndicalism"". Convicted in the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County, Brandenburg was fined $1,000 and sentenced to one to ten years in prison. On appeal, the Ohio First District Court of Appeal affirmed Brandenburg's conviction, rejecting his claim that the statute violated his First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment right to freedom of speech. The Supreme Court of Ohio dismissed his appeal without opinion. The rather cursory way in which the Ohio courts dismissed Brandenburg's constitutional arguments is unsurprising in light of the state of First

it inside her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and recovered the piece of paper which was not seen by her or her lawyers again, and was not introduced as evidence in any of the ensuing court proceedings. When asked about the warrant during oral argument at the Supreme Court, the Cleveland prosecutor arguing the case cautiously deflected the question, which the court did not press. As the search of Mapp's second-floor, two-bedroom apartment began, police handcuffed her for being belligerent. The police searched the house thoroughly and discovered Ogletree, who was subsequently cleared on the bombing charge, hiding in

Fourth Amendment which is applicable only to actions of the federal government into the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause which is applicable to actions of the states. Dollree Mapp was an employee in the illegal gambling rackets dominated by Cleveland rackets kingpin Shon Birns. On May 23, 1957, police officers in Cleveland, Ohio, received an anonymous tip by phone that Virgil Ogletree, a numbers operator who was wanted for questioning in the bombing of rival numbers racketeer and future boxing promoter Don King's home three days earlier, might be found at Mapp's house, as well as illegal betting slips and

"McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission"
McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, 514 U.S. 334 (1995), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that an Ohio statute that prohibits anonymous political or campaign literature is unconstitutional. Writing for the Court, Justice Stevens asserted that such action is protected by the First Amendment, and therefore violated the constitutional principle of freedom of speech. Justice Scalia dissented, in an opinion which Chief Justice Rehnquist joined. Justice Ginsburg wrote a concurrence, while Justice Thomas wrote an opinion concurring in the judgment. Margaret McIntyre, a taxpayer, passed out pamphlets that opposed

"De Medicina"
bleeding, frightening the patient, emetics, enemas, total darkness, and decoctions of poppy or henbane, and pleasant ones such as music therapy, travel, sport, reading aloud, and massage. He was aware of the importance of the doctor-patient relationship. ""De Medicina"" was known during the Middle Ages up to the 9th or 10th centuries, but was later lost up until the 15th century. It was the first medical book to be printed, in Florence, 1478. De Medicina De Medicina is a 1st-century medical treatise by Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Roman encyclopedist and possibly (but not likely) a practicing physician. It is the

"Marcellus Empiricus"
Marcellus Empiricus Marcellus Empiricus, also known as Marcellus Burdigalensis (“Marcellus of Bordeaux”), was a Latin medical writer from Gaul at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. His only extant work is the ""De medicamentis"", a compendium of pharmacological preparations drawing on the work of multiple medical and scientific writers as well as on folk remedies and magic. It is a significant if quirky text in the history of European medical writing, an infrequent subject of monographs, but regularly mined as a source for magic charms, Celtic herbology and lore, and the linguistic study of Gaulish and Vulgar Latin.

"Gilles de Corbeil"
Gilles de Corbeil Gilles de Corbeil (Latin: ""Egidius de Corbolio"" or ""Egidius Corboliensis""; also ""Aegidius"") was a French royal physician, teacher, and poet. He was born in approximately 1140 and died in the first quarter of the 13th century. He is the author of four medical poems and a scathing anti-clerical satire, all in Latin dactylic hexameters. Gilles de Corbeil was born in Corbeil-Essonnes. He studied at the Schola Medica Salernitana, absorbing its theories and practices and becoming a teacher himself. He praises his teachers Romuald Guarna and Peter Musandinus (in turn the student of Bartholomew of Salerno) in his

De Medicina De Medicina is a 1st-century medical treatise by Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Roman encyclopedist and possibly (but not likely) a practicing physician. It is the only surviving section of a much larger encyclopedia; only small parts still survive from sections on agriculture, military science, oratory, jurisprudence and philosophy. ""De Medicina"" draws upon knowledge from ancient Greek works, and is considered the best surviving treatise on Alexandrian medicine. Its ""encyclopedic arrangement follows the tripartite division of medicine at the time as established by Hippocrates and Asclepiades — diet, pharmacology, and surgery."" This work also covers the topics of disease

"Religio Medici"
the ""father of modern medicine"", is said to have learned it by heart. In Virginia Woolf's opinion ""Religio Medici"" paved the way for all future confessionals, private memoirs and personal writings. In the twentieth century, the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung used the term ""Religio Medici"" several times in his writings. Religio Medici Religio Medici (The Religion of a Doctor) by Sir Thomas Browne is a spiritual testament and early psychological self-portrait. Published in 1643 after an unauthorized version was distributed the previous year, it became a European best-seller which brought its author fame at home and abroad. Structured upon the

"Cassius Felix"
Cassius Felix Cassius Felix (), also Cassius Felix of Cirta, was a Roman African medical writer probably native of Constantina. He is known for having written in AD 447 a Latin treatise titled ""De Medicina"". The little we can say of the author comes from his book, that is meant to be a simple handbook for practical use in which he wants others to be able to take advantage of his experience as a physician. His work appears to draw heavily, both directly and indirectly, on Greek medical sources, as was common in the African school of medicine. A Christian

"Thomas Raynalde"
Thomas Raynalde Thomas Raynalde (""fl."" 1540–1551) was an English physician, known as the translator or editor of Eucharius Rösslin's ""De Partu Hominis"". The translation was published as ""The Byrth of Mankynde, otherwyse named The Womans Booke"" (often referred to as ""The Womans Booke"") in 1545 and was highly successful, running to eleven or thirteen editions and remaining in use until 1654. ""A Compendious Declaration of the Excellent Vertues of a Certain Lateli Inventid Oile"", published in 1551, is believed to have been written by the same person. Little is known of his life, but it is now thought that Raynalde

"Paul Zacchias"
Paul Zacchias Paul Zacchias or Paolo Zacchia (1584-1659) was an Italian physician, teacher of medical science, forensic medicine, medio-legal jurist, philosopher, and poet. He is said to have been personal physician to Pope Innocentius X and Pope Alexander VII. Zacchias was also legal adviser to the Rota Romana, the highest Papal court of appeals, and head of the medical system in the Papal States. His most well known book in three volumes, ""Quaestiones medico-legales"" (1621-1651) established legal medicine as a topic of study. Zacchias work also contains superstitious views on magic, witches, and demons which were widely held at the

"Vittore Trincavelli"
Vittore Trincavelli Vittore Trincavelli (also ""Vettore"" or ""Victor Trincavelli""; 1496–1568) was an eminent Italian physician, but is most famous as the editor of some of the first editions of the Greek classics. Trincavelli was born and died at Venice. He began his medical studies at Padua, and went afterwards to Bologna, where he became so distinguished for his knowledge of the Greek language, that the professors of the university would often consult him on difficult passages, and he was honoured by the name of the ""Greek scholar."" After remaining seven years at Bologna, he returned to Padua to take his

T-comma
T-comma T-comma (majuscule: Ț, minuscule: ț) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the Romanian language sound , the voiceless alveolar affricate (like ""ts"" in ""bolts""). It is written as the letter T with a small comma below and it has both the lower-case (U+021B) and the upper-case variants (U+021A). The letter was proposed in the ""Buda Lexicon"", a book published in 1825, which included two texts by Petru Maior, and , introducing ș for and ț for . This letter was not part of the early Unicode versions, which is why Ţ (T-cedilla,

Staurogram
Staurogram The staurogram (⳨), also monogrammatic cross or tau-rho, is a ligature composed of a superposition of the letters tau (Τ) and rho (Ρ). The staurogram was first used to abbreviate ""stauros"" (), the Greek word for cross in very early New Testament manuscripts such as P66, P45 and P75, almost like a nomen sacrum, and may visually have represented Jesus on the cross. The Tau-Rho as a Christian symbol outside its function as nomen sacrum in biblical manuscripts appears from c. the 4th century, used as a ""monogramma Christi"" alongside the Chi-Rho and other variants, spreading to Western Europe

Cross
(1888), Ansault (1891), etc. In the European Bronze Age the cross symbol appeared to carry a religious meaning, perhaps as a symbol of consecration, especially pertaining to burial. The cross sign occurs trivially in tally marks, and develops into a number symbol independently in the Roman numerals ( ""ten""), the Chinese rod numerals (十 ""ten"") and the Brahmi numerals (""four"", whence the numeral 4). In the Phoenician alphabet and derived scripts, the cross symbol represented the phoneme /t/, i.e. the letter taw, which is the historical predecessor of Latin T. The letter name ""taw"" means ""mark"", presumably continuing the Egyptian

X
the words that start with are of Greek origin, or standardized trademarks (""Xerox"") or acronyms (""XC""). In abbreviations, it can represent ""trans-"" (e.g. ""XMIT"" for transmit, ""XFER"" for transfer), ""cross-"" (e.g. ""X-ing"" for crossing, ""XREF"" for cross-reference), ""Christ-"" as shorthand for the labarum (e.g. ""Xmas"" for Christmas, ""Xian"" for Christian), the ""crys-"" in crystal (""XTAL""), or various words starting with ""ex-"" (e.g. ""XL"" for extra large, ""XOR"" for exclusive-or). X is the third least frequently used letter in English (after and ), with a frequency of about 0.15% in words. In Latin, stood for . In some languages, as a

"Ṭ"
Ṭ Ṭ (minuscule: ṭ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from T with the addition of a dot below the letter. It is used in the orthography of the Mizo language. It sounds much like a 'tr' in Mizo Language, as it sounds in English. But it does not replace Ṭ or ṭ . It is used in the transcription of Afro-Asiatic languages to represent an ""emphatic t"", in romanization of Arabic, in the Syriac and in the Berber Latin alphabets. In the transcription of Arabic, it corresponds to the letter ṭāʾ (ط). It is also used in

"Tau Cross"
Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint Anthony of Egypt. It is also called a ""crux commissa"", one of the four basic types of iconographic representations of the cross. The Greek letter tau was used as a numeral for 300.

T-comma
the correct keyboard (ro comma) since at least 2005, selecting this keyboard from the user interface (e.g. GNOME Keyboard Properties) has only recently been made possible. T-comma T-comma (majuscule: Ț, minuscule: ț) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the Romanian language sound , the voiceless alveolar affricate (like ""ts"" in ""bolts""). It is written as the letter T with a small comma below and it has both the lower-case (U+021B) and the upper-case variants (U+021A). The letter was proposed in the ""Buda Lexicon"", a book published in 1825, which included two texts by

Christogram
or ""algiz"" rune) and the ""rho"" rendered as the p-rune. In the Latin-speaking Christianity of medieval Western Europe (and so among Catholics and many Protestants today), the most common Christogram became ""IHS"" or ""IHC"", denoting the first three letters of the Greek name of Jesus, ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, ""iota-eta-sigma"", or . The Greek letter ""iota"" is represented by I, and the ""eta"" by H, while the Greek letter ""sigma"" is either in its lunate form, represented by C, or its final form, represented by S. Because the Latin-alphabet letters ""I"" and ""J"" were not systematically distinguished until the 17th century, ""JHS"" and

X
X X (named ""ex"" , plural ""exes"") is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In Ancient Greek, 'Χ' and 'Ψ' were among several variants of the same letter, used originally for and later, in western areas such as Arcadia, as a simplification of the digraph 'ΧΣ' for . In the end, more conservative eastern forms became the standard of Classical Greek, and thus 'Χ' ""(Chi)"" stood for (later ; palatalized to in Modern Greek before front vowels). However, the Etruscans had taken over 'Χ' from western Greek, and it therefore

Acrostic
referred to as ""null ciphers"" in steganography, using the first letter of each word to form a hidden message in an otherwise innocuous text. Using letters to hide a message, as in acrostic ciphers, was popular during the Renaissance, and could employ various methods of enciphering, such as selecting other letters than initials based on a repeating pattern (equidistant letter sequences), or even concealing the message by starting at the end of the text and working backwards. A famous acrostic was made in Greek for the acclamation ""JESUS CHRIST, SON OF GOD, SAVIOUR"". The initials spell ΙΧΘΥΣ (ICHTHYS), which means

"The Killing (U.S. TV series)"
4 brought in 2.2 million viewers. In the second season, the viewership and ratings dipped to a series low 1.59 million viewers and 0.6 rating with adults aged 18–49. In March 2013, Netflix closed negotiations with Fox Television Studios with a deal to be the exclusive subscription service for the series' third season. Netflix streamed the season approximately three months after its finale. It already provided the first two seasons. In November 2013, Netflix announced it picked up the series for a fourth and final season after AMC had canceled it. By July 2018, it was reported that the first

actions from the previous season while investigating the murder of a family whose only survivor is a member of an all-boys military academy. The pilot was ordered by AMC in January 2010 and then was picked up for a full series order in August 2010. The series is filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, with some scenes in season two filmed in Coquitlam, British Columbia, at Riverview Hospital. Production began on the pilot episode on December 2, 2010. The pilot is written by series creator and executive producer Veena Sud and is directed by Patty Jenkins. In contrast to the original

three seasons would be removed from Netflix on August 1, 2018. However, all four seasons were removed from the service in several countries on that date, with only Australia and New Zealand still hosting the complete series and Japan hosting the fourth season. Season-one promotion on AMC's ""The Killing"" website included ""Rosie's Room"", a virtual simulation of murder victim Rosie Larsen's bedroom that users could explore in order to learn more about Rosie's life and search for secrets and clues that could help lead to the discovery of who is responsible for her untimely death. Users could peek inside Rosie's

the network the privilege of airing the new episodes before being hosted by Netflix, in return for sharing any associated production costs with Netflix. ""Variety"" reported on November 30, 2012, that the show would be returning to AMC, planning for a May 2013 debut, with production set to begin months before that. Cast members Mireille Enos and Joel Kinnaman were confirmed to return, with Veena Sud as showrunner and returning writers including executive producers Dawn Prestwich and Nicole Yorkin. On December 12, 2012, it was confirmed that cast members Billy Campbell, Michelle Forbes, and Brent Sexton would not return for

The Killing (U.S. TV series) The Killing is an American crime drama television series that premiered on April 3, 2011, on AMC, based on the Danish television series ""Forbrydelsen"" (""The Crime""). The American version was developed by Veena Sud and produced by Fox Television Studios and Fuse Entertainment. Set in Seattle, Washington, the series follows the various murder investigations by homicide detectives Sarah Linden (Mireille Enos) and Stephen Holder (Joel Kinnaman). AMC announced the series' cancellation in July 2012, but picked it up for a third season after a renegotiation with Fox Television Studios and Netflix. ""The Killing"" was again

cancelled by AMC in September 2013, but Netflix announced in November 2013 that it had ordered a fourth season consisting of six episodes to conclude the series. The complete fourth season was released on Netflix on August 1, 2014. The first season covers the first two weeks of the investigation of the murder of local teenager Rosie Larsen and has three main storylines: the police investigation into Rosie's murder, the Larsen family's attempts to deal with their grief, and the fluctuating electoral fortunes of a political campaign that becomes embroiled in the case. The season resumes the investigation into the

the third season. On January 15, 2013, AMC and Fox Television Studios announced that the series had been renewed for a 12-episode third season. Production started on February 25, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and ended on June 25, 2013. AMC ultimately canceled the series after the third season in September 2013. However, in November 2013, two months after its cancellation, Netflix announced it had picked up ""The Killing"" for a fourth and final season consisting of six episodes. Cast members Mireille Enos and Joel Kinnaman returned, with Veena Sud as showrunner, and executive producers Dawn Prestwich and Nicole

"The Killing Season (U.S. TV series)"
The Killing Season (U.S. TV series) The Killing Season is an American true crime documentary television series which debuted on November 12, 2016, on A&E. Executive produced by Alex Gibney, the series follows documentarians Joshua Zeman and Rachel Mills as they explore the case of the Long Island serial killer and other unsolved cases such as the Eastbound Strangler, and the victims and investigations that have been connected to the cases. Some new investigating and interviewing is done during the series, including contacting internet amateur crime investigation group Websleuths.com group members, and following-up on Websleuths activities. Series producers found sex

"The Killing (Danish TV series)"
The Killing (Danish TV series) The Killing () is a Danish police procedural drama television series created by and produced by DR in co-production with ZDF Enterprises. It was first broadcast on the Danish national television channel DR1 on 7 January 2007, and has since been transmitted in many other countries worldwide. The series is set in Copenhagen and revolves around Detective Inspector Sarah Lund (Sofie Gråbøl). Each series follows a murder case day-by-day. Each fifty-minute episode covers twenty-four hours of the investigation. The series is noted for its plot twists, season-long storylines, dark tone and for giving equal emphasis

of 68/100 based on reviews from 23 critics. Lori Rackl of the ""Chicago Sun-Times"" stated: ""Few television shows are as addictive as this pensive, wonderfully paced suspenser."" ""The Washington Post""'s Hank Stuever stated: ""My own enjoyment of ""The Killing"" begins and ends with the gloom so brilliantly conveyed by its pace and performances."" Brian Lowry of ""Variety"" stated the series remained ""compelling,"" adding that ""the writers... are adept at overcoming the stodgy pace by dangling tantalizing clues near each hour's end, creating a strong pull to see what transpires next."" HitFix's Alan Sepinwall compared this season to the first and

"Nashville (season 6)"
Nashville (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television musical drama series ""Nashville"", created by Callie Khouri, premiered on January 4, 2018, on CMT. The season consisted of 16 episodes. As with seasons three through five, the episodes are named after songs from a variety of country artists, including Miranda Lambert (""New Strings""), George Jones (""Sometimes You Just Can't Win""), Tanya Tucker (""Two Sparrows in a Hurricane""), and Hank Williams (""Beyond the Sunset""). In April 2017, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a sixth season, with a 16-episode order. In an interview following

the fifth season finale, Marshall Herskovitz confirmed that actor Jeffrey Nordling would return as Jessie Caine's ex-husband Brad and that the new season would see the introduction of two new characters. Filming began on September 27, 2017. Five new major recurring cast members were announced in November 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was confirmed that it would be the series's final season. The sixth season premiere was available on Hulu in the evening hours of December 19, 2017, and removed 24 hours later. Episodes aired an hour and two hours later on the Paramount Network and TV Land, following

the initial airing on CMT. TVLand discontinued reruns of the series after episode five, but returned for the second half of the season. The season, like season five, was aired in two parts with the final eight episodes airing in the summer. The final eight episodes returned on June 7 and the season wrapped on July 26, 2018. The season wrap party was held on April 7, 2018. Filming wrapped on the finale three days later. The series received $5.7million in tax incentives from the state of Tennessee, the lowest of all seasons. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Nashville (season 6) The sixth and

"Nashville (2012 TV series)"
""Nashville"" for a 16-episode sixth season that debuted on January 4, 2018. Filming began on September 27, 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was announced that the sixth season would be the show's final season, as CMT moved to all unscripted programming. The 124th and final episode aired on July 26, 2018. In the first episode, the series focuses on the rivalry of Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. Rayna Jaymes is the established ""Queen of Country Music"". However, her latest album is not selling well and her tour is playing to half empty venues. Her record label suggests that she

"Nashville (season 5)"
Nashville (season 5) The fifth season of the American television musical drama series ""Nashville"", created by Callie Khouri, it premiered on December 15, 2016, on CMT, the first on the network. The show features an ensemble cast with Connie Britton and Hayden Panettiere in the leading roles as two country music superstars, Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. The season consisted of 22 episodes that were aired in two parts of eleven episodes each, with Britton appearing in the first part only. As with seasons three and four, the episodes are named after songs from a variety of country artists, including

Aubrey Peeples were announced to not be returning to the series in June 2016, although Chase did make a guest appearance. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Nashville (season 5) The fifth season of the American television musical drama series ""Nashville"", created by Callie Khouri, it premiered on December 15, 2016, on CMT, the first on the network. The show features an ensemble cast with Connie Britton and Hayden Panettiere in the leading roles as two country music superstars, Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. The season consisted of 22 episodes that were aired in two parts of eleven episodes each, with Britton appearing in the

ABC, on October 10, 2012, and had more than 8.93 million viewers. In May 2016, ABC cancelled the show. In June 2016, it was picked up by CMT for a fifth season. On December 1, 2016, it was announced that a preview of episode one would air on December 15, 2016, with the season starting on January 5, 2017, along with a set of new producers, writers, and showrunners. A live aftershow, ""NashChat"", began airing live across social media platforms on Thursday, January 5, and aired immediately after every new episode during season five. On April 10, 2017, CMT renewed

country musicians, focusing on three female leads: country superstar Rayna Jaymes, rising problematic star Juliette Barnes, and newcomer singer-songwriter Scarlett O'Connor. From mid-season five, the series follows the lives of country musicians, focusing on two female leads: rising star Maddie Conrad, Rayna James' daughter, and fading star Juliette Barnes, as well as focusing on recurring characters. The premise beginning with season six followed country stars Juliette Barnes, Deacon Claybourne, and the Highway 65 record label family as they strive to keep Rayna Jaymes' dream alive and pursue their music while juggling relationships, family, and the ever-changing industry. The show features

released on May 12, 2015. """" was released on December 4, 2015. ""Nashville: On the Record 3 (Live)"", featuring performances from many of the cast in concert, was released on December 16, 2015 to digital download. """" was released on May 13, 2016 """" was released on March 10, 2017. """" was released on June 1, 2017. """" was released on August 10, 2017. Starting with season six, an EP was released each week digitally containing that week's songs. ""The Music of Nashville: Season 6, Volume 1"" was released on February 23, 2018. ""The Music of Nashville: Season 6, Volume

sixth season, and plays Jessie's ex-husband, record label owner, and Jake's dad. Creative executive producer Callie Khouri's husband T-Bone Burnett was the show's executive music producer and composer for the first season. When departing the series, his manager cited commitments to other projects, although Burnett later stated that he was also upset with television executives' treatment of his wife. His assistant and the managing producer Buddy Miller took over for Burnett in season two. On October 2, 2012, it was announced that Big Machine Records will release all covers and original songs from the series. Some songs are written by

"Teddy Roosevelt Terrier"
Teddy Roosevelt Terrier The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a small to medium-sized American hunting terrier. It is lower-set, with shorter legs, and is more muscular with heavier bone density than the related American Rat Terrier. Much diversity exists in the history of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier breed, and it shares a common early history with the American Rat Terrier, Fox Paulistinha, and Tenterfield Terrier. The Rat Terrier's background is said to stem from the terriers or other dogs that were brought over by early English and other working-class immigrants. Since the breed was a farm, hunting, and utility dog, little

"Golden Retriever"
unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom. Golden Retrievers are rarely choosy eaters, but require ample (two or more hours a day) exercise. The breed is fond of play but also highly trainable. The Golden Retriever is a large, strongly built breed with a dense, water-repellant wavy coat. As a dog with origins in pedigree breeding, and owing to its widespread historical popularity, some regional variations

Dachshund
Dachshund The dachshund (UK: /ˈdakshʊnd/ or or ) (; also known as the sausage dog or wiener dog) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed. The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits. In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs. Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC). According to the AKC,

Terrier
pets. They are generally loyal and affectionate to their owners but can be ""big characters"". Based on a 2006 study, genetic analysis indicates that most terriers fall in the ""modern/hunting"" cluster of dog breeds developed from the same pool of ancestors in Europe in the 19th century. A few terriers are found in the ""mastiff"" cluster with Pomeranians, Labrador Retrievers, and other large-headed dogs, and the Tibetan Terrier is found in the older grouping of Asian and African dogs, along with the Pekingese. In the eighteenth century in Britain, only two types of terriers were recognized, long- and short-legged. Today,

Dobermann
Dobermann The Dobermann (; ), or Doberman Pinscher in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog that was originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany. The Dobermann has a long muzzle. It stands on its pads and is not usually heavy-footed. Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait. Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted and the tail is docked. However, in some countries, it is illegal to do so. Dobermanns have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail. Dobermanns are

"Bull Terrier"
children and pups. Hinks himself had always aimed at a ""gentleman's companion"" dog rather than a pit-fighter—though Bullies were often entered in the pits, with some success. Bull Terrier The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog in the terrier family. There is also a miniature version of this breed which is officially known as the Miniature Bull Terrier. The Bull Terrier's most recognizable feature is its head, described as 'shark-head-shaped' (sometimes confused with egg-shaped) when viewed from the front; the top of the skull is almost flat. The profile curves gently downwards from the top of the skull to

Dobermann
Kennel Club in 1908 and since then they are one of the most popular dog breed due to their intelligence and agility. Even today the numbers of Doberman dog registrations are increasing. Dobermann The Dobermann (; ), or Doberman Pinscher in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog that was originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany. The Dobermann has a long muzzle. It stands on its pads and is not usually heavy-footed. Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait. Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted

"Clumber Spaniel"
Clumber Spaniel The Clumber Spaniel is a breed of dog of the spaniel type, developed in the United Kingdom. It is the largest of the spaniels, and comes in predominantly white with either lemon or orange markings. The name of the breed is taken from Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire where the breed was first developed. It is a gundog that specialises in hunting in heavy cover. They are gentle and loyal, and can act aloof with strangers. They have several habits which could be considered disadvantages, including a constant shedding of its coat and snoring. The history of the breed

"Sealyham Terrier"
Sealyham Terrier The Sealyham Terrier () is a rare Welsh breed of small to medium-sized terrier that originated in Wales as a working dog. It is principally a white-bodied, rough coated breed, developed in the mid to late 19th century by Captain John Edwardes at Sealyham House, Pembrokeshire. Following the First World War, it surged in popularity and was associated with Hollywood stars and members of the British Royal Family. Its numbers have dropped significantly since then, with the breed listed as a Vulnerable Native Breed by the Kennel Club; an all-time low was recorded in 2008 when only 43

Goldendoodle
ease of training. Goldendoodles have also become increasingly used as domestic pets due to their affection towards families, as well as their friendliness and patience with children and strangers. Goldendoodle The Goldendoodle (Groodle in Australian English) is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle. The name, which alters ""poodle"" to ""doodle"" by analogy to ""Labradoodle"", was coined in 1992. The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969. Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles. The original

6 May; even then, the lifts had not been completed. The tower was an instant success with the public, and nearly 30,000 visitors made the 1,710-step climb to the top before the lifts entered service on 26 May. Tickets cost 2 francs for the first level, 3 for the second, and 5 for the top, with half-price admission on Sundays, and by the end of the exhibition there had been 1,896,987 visitors. After dark, the tower was lit by hundreds of gas lamps, and a beacon sent out three beams of red, white and blue light. Two searchlights mounted on

the complex angles involved in the design and the degree of precision required: the position of rivet holes was specified to within and angles worked out to one second of arc. The finished components, some already riveted together into sub-assemblies, arrived on horse-drawn carts from a factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret and were first bolted together, with the bolts being replaced with rivets as construction progressed. No drilling or shaping was done on site: if any part did not fit, it was sent back to the factory for alteration. In all, 18,038 pieces were joined together using

compartments, each holding 25 passengers, with the lift operator occupying an exterior platform on the first level. Motive power was provided by an inclined hydraulic ram long and in diameter in the tower leg with a stroke of : this moved a carriage carrying six sheaves. Five fixed sheaves were mounted higher up the leg, producing an arrangement similar to a block and tackle but acting in reverse, multiplying the stroke of the piston rather than the force generated. The hydraulic pressure in the driving cylinder was produced by a large open reservoir on the second level. After being exhausted

in pairs, with one counterbalancing the other, and perform the journey in one stage, reducing the journey time from eight minutes to less than two minutes. At the same time, two new emergency staircases were installed, replacing the original spiral staircases. In 1983, the south pillar was fitted with an electrically driven Otis lift to serve the Jules Verne restaurant. The Fives-Lille lifts in the east and west legs, fitted in 1899, were extensively refurbished in 1986. The cars were replaced, and a computer system was installed to completely automate the lifts. The motive power was moved from the water

The critical stage of joining the legs at the first level was completed by the end of March 1888. Although the metalwork had been prepared with the utmost attention to detail, provision had been made to carry out small adjustments in order to precisely align the legs; hydraulic jacks were fitted to the shoes at the base of each leg, capable of exerting a force of 800 tonnes, and the legs were intentionally constructed at a slightly steeper angle than necessary, being supported by sandboxes on the scaffold. Although construction involved 300 on-site employees, only one person died, due to

"The Crown (TV series)"
Helena Bonham Carter and Ben Daniels taking up the main roles. An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, altogether taking 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of 10 Downing Street, were built at Elstree Studios, while Lancaster House, Wrotham Park and Wilton House were used to double as Buckingham Palace. Ely Cathedral stood in for Westminster Abbey, while locations in South Africa doubled as Kenya. Additional locations in the UK included Eltham Palace, the

in 1963 to the birth of Prince Edward in 1964. The third season will continue from 1964, covering Harold Wilson's two periods as prime minister until 1976, while the fourth will include Margaret Thatcher's premiership and introduce Lady Diana Spencer. ""The Crown"" evolved out of Morgan's 2006 film ""The Queen"" and 2013 stage play ""The Audience"". The series is intended to last 60 episodes over six seasons, with 10 one-hour episodes per season, covering Elizabeth's life from her younger years to her reign, and with new actors being cast every two seasons. Claire Foy portrays the Queen in the first

released worldwide on November 13, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported 89% approval for the first season based on 64 reviews, with an average rating of 8.72/10. Its critical consensus reads, ""Powerful performances and lavish cinematography make ""The Crown"" a top-notch production worthy of its grand subject."" On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 81 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". ""The Guardian""s TV critic Lucy Mangan praised the series and wrote that ""Netflix can rest assured that its £100m gamble has paid off. This first series, about good old British phlegm from

for shock value; one that finds its story lines in small power struggles rather than gruesome palace coups."" ""The Hollywood Reporter""s Daniel Fienberg said the first season ""remains gripping across the entirety of the 10 episodes made available to critics, finding both emotional heft in Elizabeth's youthful ascension and unexpected suspense in matters of courtly protocol and etiquette"". Other publications such as ""USA Today"", ""Indiewire"", ""The Atlantic"", ""CNN"" and ""Variety"" also reviewed the series positively. Some were more critical of the show. In a review for ""Time"" magazine, Daniel D'Addario wrote that it ""will be compared to ""Downton Abbey"", but

is not to be broadcast until 2019. Peter Morgan, who wrote the 2006 film ""The Queen"" and the 2013 stage play ""The Audience"", is the main scriptwriter for ""The Crown"". The directors of the television series who were also involved in the stage production are Stephen Daldry, Philip Martin, Julian Jarrold, and Benjamin Caron. The first 10-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and Left Bank Pictures to date, costing at least £100 million. A second season was commissioned, with the series intended to span 60 episodes over six seasons. By October 2017, ""early production"" had begun

""The Crown"" was praised for its acting, directing, writing, cinematography, production values, and the relatively accurate historical account of Queen Elizabeth's reign. It has received several accolades, including winning Best Actress and Best Actor at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards for Foy and Lithgow, respectively, in addition to receiving a total of 26 nominations for its first two seasons at the Primetime Emmy Awards, including twice for Outstanding Drama Series. ""The Crown"" traces the life of Queen Elizabeth II from her wedding in 1947 through to the present day. The first season, in which Claire Foy portrays the Queen

a series of invented scenes bearing no relation to the truth."" The series's first two episodes were released theatrically in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016. The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on November 4, 2016. The second season was released on December 8, 2017. The third season is expected to be released in 2019. Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on October 16, 2017 and released worldwide on November 7, 2017. Season 2 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on October 22, 2018 and was

of 87 out of 100, based on 27 critics, retaining the first season's indication of ""universal acclaim"". Foy and Smith both earned significant praise from critics. Chancellor Agard of ""Entertainment Weekly"" wrote ""As always, Claire Foy turns in an amazingly restrained performance."" Reviewing the first episode, Gabriel Tate of ""The Daily Telegraph"" wrote that Foy and Smith have ""seldom been better"". Hugo Rifkind of ""The Times"" said ""While ardent monarchists might bristle at the way this is going, for the rest of us it's getting better and better."" Alison Keene of Collider said ""each new episode makes its mark and

Royal Naval College, Goldsmiths' Hall, Shoreham Airport, New Slains Castle, Balmoral Castle, Cruden Bay, Lyceum Theatre, Loseley Park, Hatfield House, The Historic Dockyard Chatham, Southwark Cathedral, Ardverikie House, Englefield House, and the Glenfeshie Estate. Filming on the second season began in early October 2016. Each episode of the first two seasons would shoot for about 22 days, with each costing about () to produce. The third season began filming in July 2018, and will shoot back-to-back with the fourth season. The show has been interpreted as perpetuating the idea that the Queen and Prime Minister Churchill had forced Princess Margaret

"Reign (season 1)"
Reign (season 1) The first season of ""Reign"", an American historical fantasy romance television series, consists of 22 episodes that aired on The CW between October 17, 2013, and May 15, 2014. The series follows the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots, and was created by Stephanie SenGupta and Laurie McCarthy. The season opens in 1557, with Mary living in the French court and awaiting her marriage to Prince Francis, to whom she has been engaged since they were six. Mary has to contend with changing politics and power plays, as well as her burgeoning feelings for Francis and

"Bidhan Chandra Roy"
Bidhan Chandra Roy Bidhan Chandra Roy MRCP, FRCS; (1 July 1882 – 1 July 1962) was an eminent Indian physician, educationist, philanthropist, freedom fighter and politician who served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948 until his death in 1962. Bidhan Roy is often considered the Maker of Modern West Bengal due to his key role in the founding of several institutions and five eminent cities, Durgapur, Kalyani, Bidhannagar, Ashokenagar and Habra. He is one of the few people in history to have obtained F.R.C.S. and M.R.C.P. degrees simultaneously. In India, the ""National Doctors' Day"" is celebrated in

"History of West Bengal"
the former French enclave of Chandannagar, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal. Portions of Bihar were subsequently merged with West Bengal. During Roy's Chief Minister-ship very few manufacturing industries were set up in the state. In 1954, when Dr. B. C. Roy was the Congress chief minister, a massive food crisis overtook the state. There was a near-famine condition in Bengal. After the state legislative elections held in 1967, the CPI(M) was the main force behind the United Front government formed. The Chief Ministership was given to Ajoy Mukherjee of the Bangla Congress.

After leading the Left Front government for consecutive five terms, Jyoti Basu retired from active politics and Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee was appointed as his successor. Five years later, the Left Front came back to the power with Bhattacharjee again assuming the office of the Chief Minister. The state's economic recovery gathered momentum after economic reforms in India were introduced in the early 1990s by the central government, aided by election of a new reformist Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharya in 2000. As of 2007, armed activists have been organizing terrorist attacks in some parts of the state, while clashes with the administration

scale violence as the police force battled with the naxalites and ultimately crushed the movement in the state. In the 1977 election of the state legislature, the Left Front, headed by Communist Party of India (Marxist), won 243 seats thereby gaining a majority. The first Left Front government was established with Jyoti Basu as the Chief Minister. The massacre in Marichjhanpi, which took place under CPI(M) rule in Bengal between January 26 and May 16, 1979, relates to the forcible eviction of refugees who had fled from East Pakistan thereby leading to the death of a sizable population among them.

"Politics of West Bengal"
Politics of West Bengal Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the Trinamool Congress,the Indian National Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Bharatiya Janata Party In 1977 the Left Front won the state assembly elections, and the state was ruled by communists and other left groups till 2011. The erstwhile left front led West Bengal state government holds the Indian record for the longest period of governance. Until 3 November 2000, Jyoti Basu was the Chief Minister of the state. After his resignation, due to health reasons, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee became the Chief

was put under President's Rule. Fresh elections were held in West Bengal in 1969. CPI(M) emerged as the largest party in the West Bengal legislative assembly. But with the active support of CPI and the Bangla Congress, Ajoy Mukherjee was returned as Chief Minister of the state. Mukherjee resigned on March 16, 1970 and the state was put under President's Rule. Indian National Congress the 1972 assembly election, and its leader Siddhartha Shankar Ray became the chief minister. During this period, the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi proclaimed nationwide Emergency in 1975. This period was marked by large

"Prafulla Chandra Ghosh"
and along with other members of Anami Sangha joined freedom struggle movement led by Gandhi. His great-granddaughter is Priyanka Yoshikawa, who won the 2016 Miss World Japan contest. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (""প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র ঘোষ""; 1891–1983) was the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, India. He was the Chief Minister in two West Bengal governments, first in the Indian National Congress government from August 15, 1947 to August 14, 1948, then in the Progressive Democratic Alliance Front government from November 2, 1967 to February 20, 1968. Education: Presidency College, Calcutta.Chemistry, B.Sc (Gold Medalist). Occupation: First ASA master, British

"Prafulla Chandra Sen"
and principled brand of politics long forgotten in India today"". Prafulla Chandra Sen Prafulla Chandra Sen (10 April 1897 – 25 September 1990) was a Bengali politician and freedom fighter. He was the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1962 to 1967. Sen was born in the Khulna District of Bengal on the 10th of April 1897. Most of his childhood was spent in Bihar, Eastern India. He started his education in Bihar and passed the entrance exam to attend the R. Mitra Institute in Deoghar. He then went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree from Scottish Church

Prafulla Chandra Ghosh Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (""প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র ঘোষ""; 1891–1983) was the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, India. He was the Chief Minister in two West Bengal governments, first in the Indian National Congress government from August 15, 1947 to August 14, 1948, then in the Progressive Democratic Alliance Front government from November 2, 1967 to February 20, 1968. Education: Presidency College, Calcutta.Chemistry, B.Sc (Gold Medalist). Occupation: First ASA master, British India, of Indian origin. He also exchanged scientific views with the likes of Madame Marie Curie and Albert Einstein. Prafulla Ghosh was born in a Yadav Family on

to this, West Bengal was ruled by the Left Front for 34 years (1977–2011), making it the world's longest-running democratically elected communist government. Banerjee was re-elected as Chief Minister in the 2016 election in which Trinamool Congress won an absolute majority. The state has one autonomous region, the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration. As of 2017, West Bengal is divided into 23 districts. Each district is governed by a district collector or district magistrate, appointed by either the Indian Administrative Service or the West Bengal Civil Service. Each district is subdivided into sub-divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into blocks.

25: No Turning Back (Issues 145–150) Volume 26: Call to Arms (Issues 151–156) Volume 27: The Whisperer War (Issues 157–162) Volume 28: A Certain Doom (Issues 163–168) Volume 29: Lines We Cross (Issues 169–174) Volume 30: New World Order (Issues 175–180) Volume 31: (Issues 181–186) Michonne Special (March 16, 2012) The Governor Special (February 13, 2013) Free Comic Book Day Special (May 4, 2013) Morgan Special (May 5, 2013) Tyreese Special (October 9, 2013) The Walking Dead: The Alien (April 20, 2016) Here's Negan (April 27, 2016 – July 26, 2017, October 4, 2017 (Hardcover)) Rick Grimes is the main

action"". The first episode of the sequel, """", was released in December 2013 with episode 2 being released in March 2014, episode 3 in May 2014, episode 4 in July 2014 and episode 5 in August 2014. The first episode of the second sequel,"""", was released in December 2016 with episode 2 being released December 2016, episode 3 in March 2017, episode 4 in April 2017 and episode 5 in May 2017. """" released August 14th 2018, was set to a halt on September 21, 2018 as most of the staff was ""laid off"" cause of money issues but as

In May of 2018, Image Comics and its imprint Skybound Entertainment, the company that has driven development of ""The Walking Dead"" comic series since 2010, jointly announced ""The Walking Dead Day."" The fan-oriented event has a scheduled date of October 13, 2018 and will coincide with the release of a ""Walking Dead #1 15th Anniversary Variant Edition,"" with cover art by current series artist Charlie Adlard. A select number of ""The Walking Dead Day"" participating local comic shops become part of the comic's story line, with their own special edition of Adlard's anniversary cover, featuring the store’s logo incorporated into

after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard. When the television series premiered in October 2010, Image Comics announced ""The Walking Dead Weekly"". The first 52 issues of the series began to be reprinted on January 5, 2011, with one issue per week for a year. The series is periodically re-published in trade paperbacks which contain six issues each, hardcover books with twelve issues and occasional bonus material, omnibus editions of twenty-four issues, and compendium editions of forty-eight issues.

first began shipping to backers on 7 November 2016. A series of novels based on the comics, written by Robert Kirkman and Jay Bonansinga, were released between 2011 and 2014 focusing on the antagonist ""The Governor"". Taking place in the initial outbreak, the books chronicle his experiences from surviving in the newly ravaged world to the establishment of himself as leader of Woodbury, and finally tying up the conclusion to the prison arc storyline in the comics. Following """", Bonansinga continued the ""Walking Dead"" novels as sole author, with Kirkman's name affixed to the title. The series has so far

the cover art. The company also noted that additional limited edition collectibles and festivities would be announced at a future date, prior to the October 2018 event. Volume 1: Days Gone Bye (Issues 1–6) Volume 2: Miles Behind Us (Issues 7–12) Volume 3: Safety Behind Bars (Issues 13–18) Volume 4: The Heart's Desire (Issues 19–24) Volume 5: The Best Defense (Issues 25–30) Volume 6: This Sorrowful Life (Issues 31–36) Volume 7: The Calm Before (Issues 37–42) Volume 8: Made to Suffer (Issues 43–48) Volume 9: Here We Remain (Issues 49–54) Volume 10: What We Become (Issues 55–60) Volume 11: Fear

"Kill or Be Killed (comics)"
by Phillips that paid homage to the first issue of ""The Walking Dead"". The series concluded at issue 20 in June 2018. The comic book is being collected in a series of trade paperback volumes. The first volume, released January 18, 2017, contains issues 1–4 and the second volume, released August 9, 2017, contains issues 5–10. The third volume was released on January 19, 2018, collecting issues 11–14. A final, fourth volume was also released in 2018. Each single issue includes articles and other content written by guest contributors that are not included in the collected editions. Brubaker wanted to

who is the originator of the plan-do-check-act model of performance improvement

PDCA
PDCA PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, the Shewhart cycle, the control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA). Another version of this PDCA cycle is OPDCA. The added ""O"" stands for ""observation"" or as some versions say: ""Observe the current condition."" This emphasis on observation and current condition has currency with the literature on lean manufacturing and the Toyota Production System. The PDCA cycle, with Ishikawa’s changes, can be traced back to S. Mizuno of the Tokyo

PDCA
proceed with a better base-line. Work in the next do phase should not create recurrence of the identified issues; if it does, then the action was not effective. PDCA was made popular by W. Edwards Deming, who is considered by many to be the father of modern quality control; however, he always referred to it as the ""Shewhart cycle"". Later in Deming's career, he modified PDCA to ""Plan, Do, Study, Act"" (PDSA) because he felt that ""check"" emphasized inspection over analysis. The PDSA cycle was used to create the model of know-how transfer process, and other models. The concept of

PDCA
the conclusions of the evaluation. According to Deming, during his lectures in Japan in the early 1950s, the Japanese participants shortened the steps to the now traditional ""plan, do, check, act"". Deming preferred ""plan, do, study, act"" because ""study"" has connotations in English closer to Shewhart's intent than ""check"". A fundamental principle of the scientific method and PDCA is iteration—once a hypothesis is confirmed (or negated), executing the cycle again will extend the knowledge further. Repeating the PDCA cycle can bring its users closer to the goal, usually a perfect operation and output. Another fundamental function of PDCA is the

PDCA
PDCA is based on the scientific method, as developed from the work of Francis Bacon (""Novum Organum"", 1620). The scientific method can be written as ""hypothesis–experiment–evaluation"" or as ""plan–do–check"". Walter A. Shewhart described manufacture under ""control""—under statistical control—as a three-step process of specification, production, and inspection. He also specifically related this to the scientific method of hypothesis, experiment, and evaluation. Shewhart says that the statistician ""must help to change the demand [for goods] by showing [...] how to close up the tolerance range and to improve the quality of goods."" Clearly, Shewhart intended the analyst to take action based on

"Theory of planned behavior"
reasoned action approach by Azjen and his colleague Martin Fishbein. In addition to attitudes and subjective norms (which make the theory of reasoned action), the theory of planned behavior adds the concept of ""perceived behavioral control"", which originates from self-efficacy theory (SET). Self-efficacy was proposed by Bandura in 1977, which came from social cognitive theory. According to Bandura, expectations such as motivation, performance, and feelings of frustration associated with repeated failures determine effect and behavioral reactions. Bandura separated expectations into two distinct types: self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. He defined self-efficacy as the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior

PDCA
of improvement, is a key competitive factor in today's world. PDCA allows for major ""jumps"" in performance (""breakthroughs"" often desired in a Western approach), as well as kaizen (frequent small improvements). In the United States a PDCA approach is usually associated with a sizable project involving numerous people's time, and thus managers want to see large ""breakthrough"" improvements to justify the effort expended. However, the scientific method and PDCA apply to all sorts of projects and improvement activities. PDCA PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes

"Expectancy-value theory"
the behavior In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Fishbein and Ajzen expanded expectancy-value theory into the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Later Ajzen posited the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in his book ""Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior"" (1988). Both TRA and TPB address predictive and explanatory weaknesses with EVT and are still prominent theories in areas such as health communication research, marketing, and economics. Although not used as much since the early 1980s, EVT is still utilized in research within fields as diverse as audience research (Palmgreen & Rayburn, 1985) advertising (Shoham, Rose, & Kahle 1998; Smith & Vogt,

"PRECEDE–PROCEED model"
PRECEDE–PROCEED model The PRECEDE–PROCEED model is a cost–benefit evaluation framework proposed in 1974 by Lawrence W. Green that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently. It provides a comprehensive structure for assessing health and quality of life needs, and for designing, implementing and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs. One purpose and guiding principle of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model is to direct initial attention to outcomes, rather than inputs. It guides planners through a process that starts with desired outcomes and then works backwards in

required to produce the outcomes. The ""outcome expectancy"" refers to a person's estimation that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes. He states that self-efficacy is the most important precondition for behavioral change, since it determines the initiation of coping behavior. Previous investigations have shown that peoples' behavior is strongly influenced by their confidence in their ability to perform that behavior. As the self-efficacy theory contributes to explaining various relationships between beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior, the SET has been widely applied to health-related fields such as physical activity and mental health in preadolescents, and exercise. As Ajzen (1991)

"Operant conditioning"
of such responses became Skinner's primary behavioral measure. Another invention, the cumulative recorder, produced a graphical record from which these response rates could be estimated. These records were the primary data that Skinner and his colleagues used to explore the effects on response rate of various reinforcement schedules. A reinforcement schedule may be defined as ""any procedure that delivers reinforcement to an organism according to some well-defined rule"". The effects of schedules became, in turn, the basic findings from which Skinner developed his account of operant conditioning. He also drew on many less formal observations of human and animal behavior.

which supreme court judge has surved in international court of justice

"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons"
the seven ""dissenting"" judges (namely, Judge Shahabuddeen of Guyana, Judge Weeramantry of Sri Lanka, and Judge Koroma of Sierra Leone) wrote separate opinions explaining that the reason they were dissenting was their view that there is no exception under any circumstances (""including"" that of ensuring the survival of a State) to the general principle that use of nuclear weapons is illegal. A fourth dissenter, Judge Oda of Japan, dissented largely on the ground that the Court simply should not have taken the case. Vice President Schwebel remarked in his dissenting opinion that And Higgins noted that she did not Nevertheless,

"International Court of Justice"
term on the bench in 2017, leaving no judges from the United Kingdom on the court. Greenwood had been supported by the UN Security Council but failed to get a majority in the UN General Assembly. Indian judge Dalveer Bhandari instead took the seat. Article 6 of the Statute provides that all judges should be ""elected regardless of their nationality among persons of high moral character"" who are either qualified for the highest judicial office in their home states or known as lawyers with sufficient competence in international law. Judicial independence is dealt with specifically in Articles 16–18. Judges of

government of Nicaragua. The court ruled (with only the American judge dissenting) that the United States was ""in breach of its obligation under the Treaty of Friendship with Nicaragua not to use force against Nicaragua"" and ordered the United States to pay war reparations. When deciding cases, the court applies international law as summarized in of the ICJ Statute, which provides that in arriving at its decisions the court shall apply international conventions, international custom and the ""general principles of law recognized by civilized nations."" It may also refer to academic writing (""the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists

"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence"
of the Congo, Romania, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The 6 countries that opposed the initiative were: Albania, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau and United States. The 74 countries that abstained from voting were: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Haiti, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

threat of economic sanctions by the United Kingdom and United States. The problem was that these sanctions had been authorized by the Security Council, which resulted in a potential conflict between the Chapter VII functions of the Security Council and the judicial function of the court. The court decided, by eleven votes to five, that it could not order the requested provisional measures because the rights claimed by Libya, even if legitimate under the Montreal Convention, could not be ""prima facie"" regarded as appropriate since the action was ordered by the Security Council. In accordance with Article 103 of the

from Kosovo (under the title ""Authors of the unilateral declaration of independence""). Serbia and Kosovo were given three hours to present their case on 2009. 27 other states were given 45 minutes each, being heard in French alphabetical order. The proceedings lasted until 2009. At the end of public hearings, judges Abdul Koroma, Mohamed Bennouna and Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade gave all parties until 2009, to answer questions related to claims that international law does not prohibit secession, regarding promises by participants of the parliamentary elections in Kosovo in 2007 to declare independence and the provisions of the Rambouillet accords

"Mustafa Kamal (judge)"
Mustafa Kamal (judge) Mustafa Kamal (9 May 1933 – 5 January 2015) was the 10th Chief Justice of Bangladesh. His landmark judgment was on the Masdar Hossain case, widely known as the ‘separation of judiciary', which was a milestone in the quest for separation of power between the judiciary and the executive of the state. Kamal was a pioneer of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Bangladesh, and is considered by many as the 'father of ADR' in Bangladesh. Mustafa Kamal was born on 9 May 1933 in the village of Domar in Rangpur District of the Bengal Presidency in British

"Nawaf Salam"
Nawaf Salam Nawaf Salam (; born 15 December 1953) is a Lebanese diplomat, jurist, and academic. He was elected on November 9, 2017 as judge on the International Court of Justice for the 2018-2027 term, having received a concurrent majority of votes in the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. He served as Lebanon's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York from 2007 to 2017. Son of Abdallah Salam and Reckat Beyhum, Nawaf was born into a prominent family from Beirut, Lebanon. His grandfather, Salim Salam, the leader of the ""Beirut Reform Movement"", was elected

states only India participated. Many of the participants were developing states which had not previously contributed to proceedings before the ICJ, a reflection perhaps of the unparalleled interest in this matter and the growing willingness of developing states to engage in international judicial proceedings in the ""post-colonial"" period. Oral hearings were held from 30 October to 15 November 1995. Twenty-two states participated: Australia, Egypt, France, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Iran, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Qatar, Russian Federation, San Marino, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Costa Rica, United Kingdom, United States, Zimbabwe; as did the WHO. The secretariat of the

simple manufacturing have resulted in some U.S. jobs being more highly skilled and better paying. There has been much debate within the United States on whether the decline in manufacturing jobs are related to American unions, lower foreign wages, or both. Although agriculture comprises less than two percent of the economy, the United States is a net exporter of food. With vast tracts of temperate arable land, technologically advanced agribusiness, and agricultural subsidies, the United States controls almost half of world grain exports. Products include wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, forest products, and

United States is the world's top producer of corn and soybeans. The National Agricultural Statistics Service maintains agricultural statistics for products that include peanuts, oats, rye, wheat, rice, cotton, corn, barley, hay, sunflowers, and oilseeds. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides livestock statistics regarding beef, poultry, pork, and dairy products. The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops. Consumer spending comprises 68% of the U.S. economy in 2015. In August 2010, the American labor force consisted of 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government

for crops from the work of George Washington Carver to the development of bioplastics and biofuels. The mechanization of farming and intensive farming have been major themes in U.S. history, including John Deere's steel plow, Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper, Eli Whitney's cotton gin to the widespread success of the Fordson tractor and the combine harvesters first made from them. Modern agriculture in the U.S. ranges from the common hobby farms, small-scale producers to large commercial farming covering thousands of acres of cropland or rangeland. Corn, turkeys, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, and sunflower seeds constitute some of the major holdovers from the

which established in each state a land-grant university (with a mission to teach and study agriculture) and a federally funded system of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension networks which place extension agents in each state. Soybeans were not widely cultivated in the United States until the early 1930s, and by 1942 it became the world's largest soybean producer, due in part to World War II and the ""need for domestic sources of fats, oils, and meal"". Between 1930 and 1942, the United States' share of world soybean production grew from 3% to 47%, and by 1969 it had risen

to 76%. By 1973 soybeans were the United States' ""number one cash crop, and leading export commodity, ahead of both wheat and corn"". Significant areas of farmland were abandoned during the Great Depression and incorporated into nascent national forests. Later, ""Sodbuster"" and ""Swampbuster"" restrictions written into federal farm programs starting in the 1970s reversed a decades-long trend of habitat destruction that began in 1942 when farmers were encouraged to plant all possible land in support of the war effort. In the United States, federal programs administered through local Soil and Water Conservation Districts provide technical assistance and partial funding to

includes prenatal care for undocumented workers whose child born in the United States is considered an American by the 14 Amendment of the US Constitution or the Citizenship Clause. Additional work on compliance onsite by OSHA. Agriculture in the United States Agriculture is a major industry in the United States, which is a net exporter of food. As of the 2007 census of agriculture, there were 2.2 million farms, covering an area of , an average of per farm. Although agricultural activity occurs in every state in the union, it is particularly concentrated in the Great Plains, a vast expanse

farms including dairy cattle generally took its place. Warmer regions saw plantings of cotton and herds of beef cattle. In the early colonial south, raising tobacco and cotton was common, especially through the use of slave labor until the Civil War. In the northeast, slaves were used in agriculture until the early 19th century. In the Midwest, slavery was prohibited by the Freedom Ordinance of 1787. The introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid-19th century contributed to economic growth in the United States. This development was facilitated by the Morrill Act and the Hatch Act of 1887

"History of agriculture in the United States"
and the chief American export. After 1840, industrialization and urbanization opened up lucrative domestic markets. The number of farms grew from 1.4 million in 1850, to 4.0 million in 1880, and 6.4 million in 1910; then started to fall, dropping to 5.6 million in 1950 and 2.2 million in 2008. Prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America, the continent supported a diverse range of indigenous cultures. While some populations were primarily hunter-gatherers, other populations relied on agriculture. Native Americans farmed domesticated crops in the Eastern Woodlands and American Southwest. The first settlers in Plymouth Colony planted barley and

are in both halls. The Chicago Bears have the most Hall of Famers among the league's franchises with either 34 or 28 enshrinees depending on whether you count players that only played a small portion of their careers with the team . Enshrinees are selected by a 48-person committee, largely made up of media members, officially known as the Selection Committee. Each city that has a current NFL team sends one representative from the local media to the committee. A city with more than one franchise sends a representative for each franchise. There are also 15 at-large delegates including one

the election of the Class of 2018 – Bobby Beathard, Robert Brazile, Brian Dawkins, Jerry Kramer, Ray Lewis, Randy Moss, Terrell Owens and Brian Urlacher – there are a total of 318 members of the Hall of Fame. The community of Canton, Ohio successfully lobbied the NFL to have the Hall of Fame built in their city for two reasons: first, the NFL was founded in Canton in 1920 (at that time it was known as the American Professional Football Association); second, the now-defunct Canton Bulldogs were a successful NFL team based in Canton during the first few years of

by mail to eventually narrow the list to 25 semifinalists: once in March, once in September, and once in October. In November, the committee then selects 15 finalists by mail balloting. A Seniors and Contributors Committee, subcommittees of the overall Selection Committee, nominate Seniors (those players who completed their careers more than 25 years ago) and Contributors (individuals who made contributions to the game in areas other than playing or coaching). The Seniors Committee and Contributors Committee add two or one finalist(s) on alternating years which makes a final ballot of 18 finalists under consideration by the full committee each

one, 1966 inductee Hugh ""Shorty"" Ray, has been enshrined. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and Hockey Hall of Fame have each inducted game officials as members. In part to rectify the lack of officials and other off-field contributors, the Hall of Fame added a “Contributors” committee beginning with the class of 2015, which will nominate officials, general managers, owners and other positions that have historically been overlooked by the committee at large. Another prominent absence from the Hall is sports-journalist Howard Cosell, who has yet to be awarded the Pete Rozelle

Pro Football Hall of Fame The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football, located in Canton, Ohio. Opened in 1963, the Hall of Fame enshrines exceptional figures in the sport of professional football, including players, coaches, franchise owners, and front-office personnel, almost all of whom made their primary contributions to the game in the National Football League (NFL); the Hall inducts between four and eight new enshrinees each year. The Hall of Fame's Mission is to ""Honor the Heroes of the Game, Preserve its History, Promote its Values & Celebrate Excellence EVERYWHERE."" With

size was increased to . The most notable addition was the ""GameDay Stadium"", which shows an NFL Films production on a by Cinemascope screen. In 2013, the Hall of Fame completed its largest expansion and renovation today. Currently, the Hall of Fame consists of 118,000 square feet. An $800 million expansion project, Johnson Controls Hall of Fame Village, is underway and will be completed to coincide with the NFL's Centennial in 2020. Through 2018, all inductees except one, played some part of their professional career in the NFL (the lone exception is Buffalo Bills guard Billy Shaw, who played his

"National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team"
National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team The National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team was chosen by a selection committee of media and league personnel in 1994 to honor the greatest players of the first 75 years of the National Football League (NFL). Five players on the list were on NFL rosters at the time of the selections: Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Rod Woodson, Reggie White, and Ronnie Lott. Gale Sayers was named to the team as both a halfback and kickoff returner. Every player is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, except for Billy ""White

entire career in the American Football League (AFL) prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger). Though several Hall of Famers have had AFL, Canadian Football League, World Football League, United States Football League, Arena Football League and/or Indoor Football League experience, and there is a division of the Hall devoted to alternative leagues such as this, to this point no players have made the Hall without having made significant contributions to either the NFL, AFL or All-America Football Conference. For CFL stars, there is a parallel Canadian Football Hall of Fame; only one player (Warren Moon) and one coach (Bud Grant)

Shoes"" Johnson. Source: Source: Source: Source: National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team The National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team was chosen by a selection committee of media and league personnel in 1994 to honor the greatest players of the first 75 years of the National Football League (NFL). Five players on the list were on NFL rosters at the time of the selections: Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Rod Woodson, Reggie White, and Ronnie Lott. Gale Sayers was named to the team as both a halfback and kickoff returner. Every player is a member of the Pro Football Hall

"College Football Hall of Fame"
January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.

"Commensurability (philosophy of science)"
Commensurability (philosophy of science) Commensurability is a concept in the philosophy of science whereby scientific theories are commensurable if scientists can discuss them using a shared nomenclature that allows direct comparison of theories to determine which theory is more valid or useful. On the other hand, theories are incommensurable if they are embedded in starkly contrasting conceptual frameworks whose languages do not overlap sufficiently to permit scientists to directly compare the theories or to cite empirical evidence favoring one theory over the other. Discussed by Ludwik Fleck in the 1930s, and popularized by Thomas Kuhn in the 1960s, the problem

"Coherence theory of truth"
Fichte, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Harold Henry Joachim (who is credited with the definitive formulation of the theory). (However, Spinoza and Kant have also been interpreted as defenders of the correspondence theory of truth.) In contemporary philosophy, several epistemologists have significantly contributed to and defended the theory, primarily Brand Blanshard (who gave the earliest characterization of the theory in contemporary times) and Nicholas Rescher. According to one view, the coherence theory of truth regards truth as coherence within some specified set of sentences, propositions or beliefs. It is the ""theory of knowledge which maintains

"Covariation model"
subjective and rational reasoning as important factors acting on attributions of behavior. This is not accounted for by the covariation model. Malle offers a new theoretical framework to give a broader and more comprehensive understanding of attributions of behavior. Covariation model Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way. It is concerned with both social perception and self-perception (Kelley, 1973). The covariation principle states that, ""an effect is attributed to the one of its possible causes with which, over

Covariation model Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way. It is concerned with both social perception and self-perception (Kelley, 1973). The covariation principle states that, ""an effect is attributed to the one of its possible causes with which, over time, it covaries"" (Kelley, 1973:108). That is, a certain behaviour is attributed to potential causes that appear at the same time. This principle is useful when the individual has the opportunity to observe the behaviour over several occasions. Causes

"Pairwise comparison"
law of comparative judgment. Thurstone linked this approach to psychophysical theory developed by Ernst Heinrich Weber and Gustav Fechner. Thurstone demonstrated that the method can be used to order items along a dimension such as preference or importance using an interval-type scale. If an individual or organization expresses a preference between two mutually distinct alternatives, this preference can be expressed as a pairwise comparison. If the two alternatives are ""x"" and ""y"", the following are the possible pairwise comparisons: The agent prefers ""x"" over ""y"": """"x"" > ""y"""" or """"xPy"""" The agent prefers ""y"" over ""x"": """"y"" > ""x"""" or

system, called the ""absolute"", and that humanly knowable propositions and systems have a degree of truth that is proportionate to how fully they approximate this ideal. Perhaps the best-known objection to a coherence theory of truth is Bertrand Russell's. He maintained that since both a belief and its negation will, individually, cohere with at least one set of beliefs, this means that contradictory beliefs can be shown to be true according to coherence theory, and therefore that the theory cannot work. However, what most coherence theorists are concerned with is not all possible beliefs, but the set of beliefs that

"Constant conjunction"
Constant conjunction Constant conjunction is a phrase used in philosophy as a variant or near synonym for causality and induction. It can be construed to contradict a more common phrase: correlation is not causation. The philosopher David Hume used the phrase frequently in his discussion of the limits of empiricism to explain our ideas of causation and inference. In ""An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding"" and ""A Treatise of Human Nature"" Hume proposed that the origin of our knowledge of necessary connections arises out of observation of the ""constant conjunction"" of certain impressions across many instances. A more modern conception would

"Covariance and contravariance (computer science)"
""g"". For example, both functions of type and can be used wherever a was expected. (One can compare this to the robustness principle of communication: ""be liberal in what you accept and conservative in what you produce."") The general rule is: formula_1 if formula_2 and formula_3. Using inference rule notation the same rule can be written as: formula_4 In other words, the → type constructor is ""contravariant in the input type"" and ""covariant in the output type"". This rule was first stated formally by John C. Reynolds, and further popularized in a paper by Luca Cardelli. When dealing with functions

Pairwise comparison Pairwise comparison generally is any process of comparing entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred, or has a greater amount of some quantitative property, or whether or not the two entities are identical. The method of pairwise comparison is used in the scientific study of preferences, attitudes, voting systems, social choice, public choice, requirements engineering and multiagent AI systems. In psychology literature, it is often referred to as paired comparison. Prominent psychometrician L. L. Thurstone first introduced a scientific approach to using pairwise comparisons for measurement in 1927, which he referred to as the

"Quantum Bayesianism"
Quantum Bayesianism In physics and the philosophy of physics, quantum Bayesianism (QBism, pronounced ""cubism"") is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that takes an agent's actions and experiences as the central concerns of the theory. This interpretation is distinguished by its use of a subjective Bayesian account of probabilities to understand the quantum mechanical Born rule as a normative addition to good decision-making. Rooted in the prior work of Carlton Caves, Christopher Fuchs, and Rüdiger Schack during the early 2000s, QBism itself is primarily associated with Fuchs and Schack and has more recently been adopted by David Mermin. QBism draws from

"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)"
Photograph (Ringo Starr song) ""Photograph"" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album ""Ringo"". Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles. Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair. A signature tune for Starr as a solo artist, ""Photograph"" became an international hit, topping singles charts in the United States, Canada and Australia, and receiving gold disc certification for US sales of 1 million. Music critics have similarly received the song favourably;

first at her most soulful"", according to music critic Bruce Eder. While Starr's original recording appeared on the soundtrack to ""Funny People"", a cover by the film's leading actor, Adam Sandler, is available as an iTunes bonus track with the album. Photograph (Ringo Starr song) ""Photograph"" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album ""Ringo"". Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles. Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair. A signature

"Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)"
Photograph (Ed Sheeran song) ""Photograph"" is a song recorded by the English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran, for his second studio album, ""×"" (2014). Sheeran wrote the song with Snow Patrol member, Johnny McDaid, who had a piano loop from which the composition developed. After recording several versions with other producers, Sheeran eventually solicited help from Jeff Bhasker; the collaboration generated a version that Bhasker further enhanced for months. The ballad derives its music primarily from an acoustic guitar, piano and programmed drums. With visually descriptive lyrics, it discusses a long-distance relationship inspired by Sheeran's own experience of being away from his

kit for the role of lead singer, Starr often closed his shows with the song (before returning for an encore) during tours he made between 1989 and 2000. A live version appeared on the album and video ""Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band"" (1990); recorded at the Greek Theatre, Los Angeles, on 3 September 1989, it features the original All-Starr line-up of Starr, Billy Preston, Jim Keltner, Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Dr. John, Joe Walsh, Nils Lofgren and Clarence Clemons. Starr also included the song in his performances on the television shows ""VH1 Storytellers"", in May 1998, and PBS's ""Soundstage"",

with the Roundheads. In November 2002, a year after Harrison's death, Starr sang ""Photograph"" at the Concert for George – a performance that was an emotional highpoint of the event. Engelbert Humperdinck, Camper Van Beethoven, Cilla Black and Adam Sandler are among the artists who have covered the song. Ex-Beatles Ringo Starr and George Harrison began writing ""Photograph"" on a luxury yacht in the South of France in May 1971. Starr had hired a yacht, the ""Marala"", for the duration of the Cannes Film Festival, after attending Mick Jagger's wedding in St Tropez with his wife, Maureen Starkey. The Starkeys

"Photograph (Def Leppard song)"
to their 2011 album ""Insidious"". Photograph (Def Leppard song) ""Photograph"" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John ""Mutt"" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, ""Pyromania"" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about ""something you can't ever get your hands on"". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for

took place at either Apple Studio in central London, or Harrison's home studio, FPSHOT, in Oxfordshire. Starr re-recorded the song in March 1973, while working at Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles on ""Ringo"", his first solo album in the rock or contemporary pop style. He later described ""Ringo"" as an ""accidental album"", since it only came about because he was attending the Grammy Awards in Nashville, where ""The Concert for Bangladesh"" won the Grammy for Best Album of 1972. Keen to find another activity to justify the flight to the US, Starr arranged to record with American producer Richard

Los Angeles with producer Richard Perry, and it incorporates aspects of Phil Spector's Wall of Sound through the presence of multiple drums and acoustic guitars, as well as an orchestra and a choir. Aside from Starr and Harrison, the musicians on the recording include Nicky Hopkins, Bobby Keys, Jim Keltner, and Spector's musical arranger, Jack Nitzsche. Starr made a promotional film for the single, shot at his and wife Maureen Starkey's home, Tittenhurst Park. ""Photograph"" has appeared on Starr's compilation albums ""Blast from Your Past"" and """", and live versions have featured on releases recorded with his All-Starr Band and

same except the knife scene is replaced with a stationary black cat among other minor bits removed. There are several appearances of a look alike impersonating Marilyn Monroe in the video, as the song is actually about the star and lead singer Joe Elliott's declaration that he does not just ""want [her] photograph"" but that is all he has of her, and he must admire her from afar. The music video was directed by David Mallet and was shot on 2 December 1982 (bassist Rick Savage's 22nd birthday), in Battersea, London, England. It featured the video debut of their co-lead

Photograph (Def Leppard song) ""Photograph"" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John ""Mutt"" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, ""Pyromania"" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about ""something you can't ever get your hands on"". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the ""Billboard"" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for the DVD release of ""Blades

"Prime Minister of France"
largest party in the Assembly, it did not have an absolute majority. The RPR had an alliance with the UDF, which gave them a majority. Such a situation, where the President is forced to work with a Prime Minister who is an opponent, is called a cohabitation. Édith Cresson is the only woman to have held the position of Prime Minister. Aristide Briand holds the record for number of cabinet formations as Prime Minister with 11 times. He served between 1909 and 1929 with some terms as short as 26 days. According to article 21 of the Constitution, the Prime

"First Cabinet of Napoleon I"
First Cabinet of Napoleon I The First Cabinet of Napoleon I was appointed by the Emperor Napoleon I upon the establishment of the First French Empire on 18 May 1804, replacing the Cabinet of the Consulate. It was succeeded by the French Provisional Government of 1814 following the downfall of Napoleon and the abolition of the Empire. At the session of the Tribunat on 3 Floréal year XII (23 April 1804) Jean-François Curée proposed that Napoleon, then First Consul, be declared hereditary Emperor of France. The motion was supported by several members of the Tribunat, with only Lazare Carnot speaking

would be no new taxes. The new National Constituent Assembly was heavily composed of royalist sympathizers of both the Legitimist (Bourbon) wing and the Orleanist (Citizen King Louis Philippe) wing. Because of the ambiguity surrounding Louis Napoleon's political positions, his agenda as president was very much in doubt. For prime minister, he selected Odilon Barrot, an unobjectionable middle-road parliamentarian who had led the ""loyal opposition"" under Louis Philippe. Other appointees represented various royalist factions. The Pope had been forced out of Rome as part of the Revolutions of 1848, and Louis Napoleon sent a 14,000-man expeditionary force of troops to

they can depend their legitimacy on the President's assignment as Prime Minister and approval of the cabinet, because the National Assembly does have the power to force the resignation of the cabinet by motion of no confidence, the choice of Prime Minister must reflect the will of the majority in the Assembly. For example, right after the legislative election of 1986, President François Mitterrand had to appoint Jacques Chirac Prime Minister although Chirac was a member of the RPR (Rally for the Republic) and therefore a political opponent of Mitterrand. Despite the fact that Mitterrand's own Socialist Party was the

against it. At a session of the Senate on 28 Floréal year XII (18 May 1804) attended by Consul Charles-François Lebrun and all the ministers a motion was adopted in which Napoleon was declared hereditary Emperor of the French. The formal coronation ceremony was delayed until 11 Frimaire year XIII (2 December 1804), when Pope Pius VII attended and Napoleon crowned himself in the Notre Dame de Paris. Napoleon retained the ministers from the Consulate, but made various changes during his reign. He did not appoint a prime minister, but headed the government himself. The ministers were: In March 1814

"Georges Pompidou"
Georges Pompidou Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was Prime Minister of France from 1962 to 1968—the longest tenure in the position's history—and later President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974. He had long been a top aide to president Charles de Gaulle. As president, he was a moderate conservative who repaired France's relationship with the United States and maintained positive relations with the newly independent former colonies in Africa. He strengthened his political party, the Union of Democrats for the Republic (""Union des Democrates pour la Ve République"" or UDR),

"Louis XVI of France"
figures began to doubt its benefits. Some, like Honoré Mirabeau, secretly plotted with the Crown to restore its power in a new constitutional form. Beginning in 1791, Montmorin, Minister of Foreign Affairs, started to organize covert resistance to the revolutionary forces. Thus, the funds of the ""Liste Civile"", voted annually by the National Assembly, were partially assigned to secret expenses in order to preserve the monarchy. Arnault Laporte, who was in charge of the Civil list, collaborated with both Montmorin and Mirabeau. After the sudden death of Mirabeau, Maximilien Radix de Sainte-Foix, a noted financier, took his place. In effect,

Switzerland, Rome, Ireland, Belgium and against the U.S.A., in 1799 in Baden-Württemberg. In 1799, when the French armies abroad experienced some setbacks, the newly chosen director Sieyes considered a new overhaul necessary for the Directory's form of government because in his opinion it needed a stronger executive. Together with successful general Napoleon Bonaparte who had just returned to France, Sieyes began preparing another coup d'état, which took place on 9–10 November 1799 (18–19 Brumaire VIII), replacing the five directors now with three ""consuls"": Napoleon, Sieyes, and Roger Ducos. During the War of the First Coalition (1792–97), the Directoire had replaced

Flight to Varennes in 1791. When Louis XVI acceded to the throne in 1774, he was nineteen years old. He had an enormous responsibility, as the government was deeply in debt, and resentment of ""despotic"" monarchy was on the rise. He himself felt woefully unqualified to resolve the situation. As king, Louis XVI focused primarily on religious freedom and foreign policy. While none doubted his intellectual ability to rule France, it was quite clear that, although raised as the Dauphin since 1765, he lacked firmness and decisiveness. His desire to be loved by his people is evident in the prefaces

"President of France"
proto-canon of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. The current President of France is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017. The presidency of France was first publicly proposed during the July Revolution of 1830, when it was offered to the Marquis de Lafayette, who demurred in favor of Prince Louis Phillipe. 18 years later, during the opening phases of the 2nd Republic, the title was created for a popularly elected Head of state, the first of whom was Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of the Emperor. Bonaparte served until he staged an auto coup against the

"In Cold Blood"
and his subsequent fascination with the murders. ""Capote"" (2005) starred Philip Seymour Hoffman, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Truman Capote, Clifton Collins, Jr. as Perry Smith, and Catherine Keener as Harper Lee. The film was critically acclaimed, and was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (Keener), Best Director (Bennett Miller), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Dan Futterman). A year later the 2006 film ""Infamous"", starring Toby Jones as Capote, Daniel Craig as Smith, and Sandra Bullock as Lee, was released to favorable reviews. The Alt-J song ""In

"Capote (film)"
Capote (film) Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote directed by Bennett Miller. It follows the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book ""In Cold Blood"". Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography ""Capote"". It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004. It was released September 30, 2005, to coincide with Truman Capote's birthday. In 1959, the four dead bodies of the Clutter family are discovered on their Kansas farm. While

""Capote"" was released on DVD on March 21, 2006. Capote (film) Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote directed by Bennett Miller. It follows the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book ""In Cold Blood"". Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography ""Capote"". It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004. It was released September 30, 2005, to coincide with Truman Capote's birthday. In 1959, the four dead bodies of the

the later two explore Capote's fascination with researching the novel. The first adaptation was the 1967 film of the same name by Richard Brooks, who directed and adapted the screenplay. It starred Robert Blake as Perry Smith and Scott Wilson as Richard Hickock. John Forsythe played the investigator (Alvin Dewey), from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, who apprehended the killers. The film, shot in black and white, was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Director, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, and Best Adapted Screenplay. The second and third film adaptations tell the story of Capote's experiences in writing the story

Cold Blood""'s title is based on the book. The book was adapted into a two-part 1996 television miniseries starring Anthony Edwards, Eric Roberts, and Sam Neill, portraying, respectively, Dick Hickock, Perry Smith, and Alvin Dewey. Oni Press published a graphic novel, ""Capote in Kansas"", by Ande Parks and Chris Samnee, in 2005. In Cold Blood In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas. When Capote learned of the quadruple murder, before

"Truman Capote"
Truman Capote Truman Garcia Capote (; born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, playwright, and actor. Several of his short stories, novels, and plays have been praised as literary classics, including the novella ""Breakfast at Tiffany's"" (1958) and the true crime novel ""In Cold Blood"" (1966), which he labeled a ""nonfiction novel"". At least 20 films and television dramas have been produced from his work. Capote rose above a childhood troubled by divorce, a long absence from his mother, and multiple migrations. He had discovered his calling as

reading ""The New York Times"", Truman Capote (Philip Seymour Hoffman) is riveted by the story and calls ""The New Yorker"" magazine editor William Shawn (Bob Balaban) to tell him that he plans to document the tragedy. Capote travels to Kansas, inviting childhood friend Nelle Harper Lee (Catherine Keener) to come along. He intends to interview those involved with the Clutter family, with Lee as his go-between and facilitator. Alvin Dewey (Chris Cooper), the Kansas Bureau of Investigation's lead detective on the case, brushes him off, but Dewey's wife Marie (Amy Ryan) is a fan of Capote's writing and persuades her

the film a positive review, with an average rating of 8.2/10 based on 187 reviews. The site's consensus reads: ""Philip Seymour Hoffman's riveting central performance guides a well-constructed retelling of the most sensational and significant period in author Truman Capote's life."" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 88 out of 100 based on 40 critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". Roger Ebert gave the film a full 4/4 star rating, stating: """"Capote"" is a film of uncommon strength and insight, about a man whose great achievement requires the surrender of his self-respect."" Wins for Philip Seymour Hoffman Critics' awards Nominations

"Joseph Cotten"
Joseph Cotten Joseph Cheshire Cotten Jr. (May 15, 1905 – February 6, 1994) was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the original stage productions of ""The Philadelphia Story"" and ""Sabrina Fair"". He first gained worldwide fame in three Orson Welles films: ""Citizen Kane"" (1941), ""The Magnificent Ambersons"" (1942), and ""Journey into Fear"" (1943), for which Cotten was also credited with the screenplay. He went on to become one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as ""Shadow of a Doubt"" (1943), ""Love Letters"" (1945), ""Duel in

"In Cold Blood (film)"
made based on the book, directed by Jonathan Kaplan and with a screenplay by Benedict Fitzgerald. In that adaptation, Anthony Edwards portrayed Dick Hickock, Eric Roberts played Perry Smith, and Sam Neill played Kansas Bureau of Investigation detective Alvin Dewey. In Cold Blood (film) In Cold Blood is a 1967 American crime film written, produced and directed by Richard Brooks, based on Truman Capote's nonfiction book of the same name. It stars Robert Blake as Perry Smith and Scott Wilson as Richard ""Dick"" Hickock, two men who murder a family of four in Holcomb, Kansas, and charts their time as

"The Remains of the Day (film)"
them were Dyrham Park for the exterior of the house and the driveway, Powderham Castle (staircase, hall, music room, bedroom; used for the aqua-turquoise stairway scenes), Corsham Court (library and dining room) and Badminton House (servants' quarters, conservatory, entrance hall). Luciana Arrighi, the production designer, scouted most of these locations. Scenes were also shot in Weston-super-Mare, which stood in for Clevedon. The pub where Mr Stevens stays is the Hop Pole in Limpley Stoke; the shop featured is also in Limpley Stoke. The pub where Miss Kenton and Mr Benn meet is the George Inn, Norton St Philip. The character

The Remains of the Day (film) The Remains of the Day is a 1993 British-American drama film adapted from the Booker Prize-winning 1989 novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro. The film was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant, Mike Nichols, and John Calley. It stars Anthony Hopkins as Stevens and Emma Thompson as Miss Kenton, with James Fox, Christopher Reeve, and Hugh Grant in supporting roles. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (for Hopkins) and Best Actress (for Thompson). In 1999, the British Film Institute ranked ""The Remains

script for ""The Handmaid's Tale"", which he has decided not to publish. When his script for ""The Remains of the Day"" was radically revised by the James Ivory-Ismail Merchant partnership, he refused to allow his name to be listed in the credits"" (125). Though no longer the director, Nichols remained associated with the project as one of its producers. A number of English country estates were used as locations for the film, partly owing to the persuasive power of Ismail Merchant, who was able to cajole permission for the production to borrow houses not normally open to the public. Among

"Last Days in the Desert"
Mockingbird Pictures produced the film. Ayelet Zurer and Ciarán Hinds play the roles of Sheridan's character's parents. The film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. The movie was shot at Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. The film was awarded the Dolby Family fellowship, a grant that allows filmmakers to finish their sound design and mix in Dolby Atmos. Sound Designers and Re-recording mixers J.M. Davey and Zach Seivers completed the original sound design and mix as well as the Dolby Atmos remix. Skip Lievsay, who won the Academy Award for Best Sound for

"The Day (2011 film)"
slashed by the leader’s daughter, who leaves her to die. At the farmhouse, Mary cremates Adam's remains, then starts to walk away only to encounter the leader’s daughter who pretends to be an innocent girl. As they both start walking, the girl reaches for a jagged blade to kill her but Mary is quicker and decapitates her, then continues walking away from the burning farmhouse. ""The Day"" is directed by Douglas Aarniokoski based on a screenplay by Luke Passmore. Filming took place in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, during the fall of 2010. ""The Day"" premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film

Academy Awards, but won none: The film is #64 at the British Film Institute's ""Top 100 British films"". The film was also nominated for the American Film Institute's ""100 Years...100 Passions"" list. The Remains of the Day (film) The Remains of the Day is a 1993 British-American drama film adapted from the Booker Prize-winning 1989 novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro. The film was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant, Mike Nichols, and John Calley. It stars Anthony Hopkins as Stevens and Emma Thompson as Miss Kenton, with James Fox, Christopher Reeve, and Hugh Grant

characters in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel: Congressman Lewis (who attends the pre-WW2 conference in Darlington Hall), and Mr Farraday, who succeeds Lord Darlington as master of Darlington Hall. The original score was composed by Richard Robbins. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, but lost to ""Schindler's List"". The film achieves a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 40 reviews with an 8.4/10 average rating. Its consensus states: ""Smart, elegant, and blessed with impeccable performances from Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson, ""The Remains of the Day"" is a Merchant-Ivory classic."" Roger Ebert particularly praised the film

"The Remains of the Day"
of the novel, made in 1993 and starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson, was nominated for eight Academy Awards. The novel tells, in first-person narration, the story of Stevens, an English butler who has dedicated his life to the loyal service of Lord Darlington (who is recently deceased, and whom Stevens describes in increasing detail in flashbacks). The novel begins in the late 1950s, with Stevens receiving a letter from a former colleague, the housekeeper Miss Kenton, describing her married life, which Stevens believes hints at an unhappy marriage. Stevens' receipt of the letter coincides with his opportunity to revisit

Wright and his attempt in designing the exterior: ""... to imitate an experimental substance that I have heard about which acts like living tissue. If cut, the rift would appear to heal like a wound, leaving a continuous surface with no scar"". Principal outdoor photography for ""The Day the Earth Stood Still"" was shot on the 20th Century Fox sound stages and on its studio back lot (now located in Century City, California), with a second unit shooting background plates and other scenes in Washington D.C. and at Fort George G. Meade in Maryland. The shooting schedule was from April

"Break of Day (film)"
lot of people will identify with it. The budget was raised from the Australian Film Commission, the Victorian government, the Nine television network and Greater Union. Shooting began in April 1976 near Maldon in central Victoria. The Gallipoli flashback scenes were shot at Portsea. Hannam's wife Wendy Dickson worked as production designer. The film received some good reviews and was popular in Melbourne but performed poorly in Sydney and failed to recoup its budget. Cliff Green later published a novelisation of the script. ""Break of Day"" was released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in January 2010. The DVD includes the

"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage"
and humidity levels at 68%. <section begin=i3 /><section end=i3 /> The two teams had never met before. This match was Greece's first ever in the FIFA World Cup knockout stage. Bryan Ruiz opened the scoring in the 52nd minute when Christian Bolaños passed to him and he shot low left-footed from outside the penalty area to the right corner of the net with Greek goalkeeper Orestis Karnezis not moving on his line. Costa Rica were then reduced to 10 men with Óscar Duarte being sent off after picking up a second yellow card. Sokratis Papastathopoulos equalised in injury time shooting

Belgium defender Jan Vertonghen. Higuaín had a chance to extend the lead in the second half, but his shot hit the crossbar. Argentina won 1–0 to advance to the semi-finals, where they would face the Netherlands. <section begin=j3 /><section end=j3 /> The two teams had never met before. This was the first time Costa Rica had reached the quarter-finals of the World Cup. Costa Rica defender Óscar Duarte was suspended for the match, after being sent off in the round of 16 match against Greece. After a goalless 90 minutes, which saw Wesley Sneijder's free kick hit the post and

equalise with a hard shot from 16 yards. Only a few minutes later, with stoppage time coming to a close, Arjen Robben drew a penalty for the Netherlands after being fouled by Rafael Márquez on the right of the penalty area, which Huntelaar converted into the bottom left corner to win the match for the Netherlands. Netherlands advanced to the quarter-finals to face Costa Rica, while Mexico were eliminated in the round of 16 for the sixth tournament in a row. The match was the first time in World Cup history where a cooling break was instituted, with temperatures at

Cup matches since Peru’s Teófilo Cubillas (across the 1970 and 1978 tournaments). <section begin=j2 /><section end=j2 /> The two teams had met in three previous matches, including twice in the FIFA World Cup (1982, group stage: Argentina 0–1 Belgium; 1986, semi-finals: Argentina 2–0 Belgium). Argentina defender Marcos Rojo was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards. The only goal of the match was scored by Argentina forward Gonzalo Higuaín in the eighth minute, a powerful shot with his right foot from just inside the penalty area after a pass from Di María was deflected to him by

The eight teams to win in the round of 16 included four former champions (Brazil, Germany, Argentina and France), a three-time runner-up (Netherlands), and two first-time quarter-finalists (Colombia and Costa Rica). Belgium reached the quarter-finals for the first time since 1986. ""All times listed below are at local time ()"" With a 1–0 victory over France, Germany set a World Cup record with four consecutive semi-final appearances. Brazil beat Colombia 2–1, but Brazil's Neymar was injured and missed the rest of the competition. Argentina reached the final four for the first time since 1990 after a 1–0 win over Belgium.

"2014 FIFA World Cup group stage"
largest number of goals in the group stage since the 32-team system was implemented in 1998 and the largest average in a group stage since 1958. After the second set of games, six teams had already guaranteed their progress into the knockout stage: Netherlands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Argentina and Belgium. In contrast, teams eliminated early after two losses included defending champions Spain and 1966 champions England, who were eliminated at the group stage for the first time since 1958. The 2006 champions, Italy were also eliminated who scored only two goals, their lowest tally since 1966. Spain became the

into the net from seven yards out after Costa Rica goalkeeper Keylor Navas had saved an initial shot from Theofanis Gekas. No goals were scored in extra time, and the match went to a penalty shoot-out. During the intermission before the penalty shoot-out, the Greek coach Fernando Santos was sent off following a dispute with the referee. In the penalty shoot-out, Navas saved Gekas' shot before Michael Umaña scored the winning penalty for Costa Rica hitting it high to the goalkeeper's right. This marked the first time that Costa Rica progressed to the quarter-finals in a FIFA World Cup, where

"Costa Rica national football team results (2013)"
the United States at the Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City. The match, dubbed as the ""Snow Clásico"" in the United States, was played under a heavy snow fall. As the United States won the match with a goal by Clint Dempsey, Costa Ricans were enraged by the circumstances around the match. On September 6, the ""Ticos"" would defeat the United States in San José by 3–1, which was considered as a revenge. On October 15, Costa Rica defeated Mexico in San José by 2–1, which marked the first victory over the Mexican team in over twelve years, the

"Costa Rica national football team results (2014)"
myself [in the balls]"". Costa Rica topped the group undefeated after beating both Uruguay and Italy, finishing with a draw against England. The ""Ticos"" would defeat Greece in the Round of 16 throughout the penalty shootouts. Costa Rica was then eliminated by the Netherlands in the quarter-finals again in the penalty shootouts. After the World Cup, Jorge Luis Pinto resigned as the coach of the national team, denouncing that a member of his coaching staff requested his sacking. Paulo Wanchope assumed as the interim coach of the team, only to be confirmed in the charge in January 2015. With Wanchope

goalkeeper the wrong way. The penalty was awarded after substitute Carlos Bacca was fouled by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César. Neymar was kneed in the back by Colombia defender Juan Camilo Zúñiga in the 88th minute, which resulted in the striker's withdrawal from the match. Subsequent medical evaluation discovered a fractured vertebra, forcing the Brazilian to miss the remainder of the tournament. Brazil advanced to the semi-final, where they faced Germany. James's sixth goal of the tournament was enough for him to win the Golden Boot award. He also became the first player to score in his first five career World

"Grim Reaper (comics)"
by the Tinkerer. The scythe was worn on his right hand and had the ability to make the blade spin at rapid speed, making the weapon usable as a high-speed propeller blade buzzsaw, missile shield, and an improvised helicopter. It could also fire electromagnetic power blasts and anaesthetic gas pellets, and dispense electric stun shocks on touch. The scythe was also equipped with a cerebral-frequency generator able to induce deep comas and revive victims from them as well. The Grim Reaper later gained some magic-related abilities: he could reanimate the souls and bodies of the dead, either through voodoo training

Deadshot
both a swift defeat. Deadshot suffered severe head trauma and was hospitalized. Deadshot has no superhuman powers, but is the top marksman in the DC Universe, possessing superhuman-like abilities, and regularly boasting to ""never miss"" his target. The character once shot an apple off of Captain Boomerang's head with his eyes closed. He also intentionally grazed the skull of Enchantress while she was flying, since he was asked to take her down non-lethally. Deadshot has access to a vast array of weaponry, most notably his sniper rifle, and twin machine guns mounted on each arm. Deadshot is allegedly bilingual, and

"Ebony Blade"
meteor, such as the Ebony Dagger. Other notable wielders of the Blade include Whitman's ancestors Sir Percy of Scandia and Eobar Garrington, Valkyrie, and Ares. The Ebony Blade was afflicted with a blood curse due to all the blood the original Black Knight had spilled. Dane Whitman eventually purged the Blade of its curse at Doctor Strange's behest by plunging it into the Brazier of Truth while Strange bathed them both in magic fire. The curse returned, however, when the Sub-Mariner used it to kill his wife Marrina. The curse seems to affect different people in different ways. It turned

"Reaper (DC Comics)"
spares Chill's life. After the police arrive and Chill is taken away in an ambulance, Batman goes to a bridge and discards Joe Chill's firearm into the ocean. As the Reaper, Caspian wears a large hooded black cloak with heavily armored red leather or cuir bouilli, which prevents bullets and punches from affecting him in any way. The knees and elbows of the red leather armor are tipped with spikes that add more power to blows Caspian inflicts. Caspian also wears a skull shaped mask with hooks on the mouth to cover up the lower part of the face, and

received from Black Talon or powers bestowed upon him by Lloigoroth. The Grim Reaper has also performed various magically-based feats including but not limited to: teleporting himself and others, summoning demons, creating illusions, and clairvoyant viewing. The Reaper's physical strength is supernaturally heightened slightly beyond the natural limitations of the human body. In addition, his right hand has been amputated and replaced with an apparently magical scythe. The scythe is magically sharp and is capable of energy blasts (much like the original), but has also been used to drain energy. At one point, the Grim Reaper had died, and was

"Grim Hunter"
short distances at 65 mph), agility and durability, and possibly longevity. He could perform a standing broad jump of . Vladimir wore armor protecting his arms and torso, while typically carrying his ancestral knife, electro-shock gauntlets, wrist mounted dart launchers, an energy-projecting spear and spiked cleats. He was skilled in using other weapons including a rifle, pistol, shuriken, tonfa, and blowgun. Following his resurrection at the hands of the other members of the Kravinoff family, Vladimir gained the appearance of a gigantic humanoid lion creature. In his new form, he has superhuman strength and durability, and carries around a heavy

Deathstroke
serving as a master of Bōjutsu, Boxing, Jojutsu, Judo, Jujitsu, Karate, and Ninjutsu. Deathstroke is highly proficient in the use of various firearms and melee weapons. He typically wields a wide variety of swords, including katanas, giant broadswords, and volatile Promethium-forged swords that can redistribute copious amounts of energy from any source directed against them. Deathstroke also utilizes a ballistic staff that fires energy blasts from both ends, though in more realism-focused versions, it fires bullets and miniature cannonball-like pellets instead. His staff can bend and stretch to adhere to his different martial art forms. Deathstroke's Promethium body armor is

in the sheathe being virtually indestructible. However, the suit's programming can be manipulated by any another ikon suit with the master programming, allowing one who wears a perfected Ikon Suit to activate or deactivate other ikon suits at their discretion. Deathstroke has also briefly wielded a divinely forged sword, crafted by Hephaestus, called ""The God Killer"". This sword can discharge vorpal shock-waves and redirect whatever force it is met with, and the primordial energy crackling within it enables it to shape-shift into a Bo Staff, Twin Swords, Cat-o-Nine tails, etc. The sword is known to be semi-sentient and can be

red glowing eyes. The Reaper also wields two scythe-shaped weapons, with various other lethal implements contained in the spiked shafts of both weapons. The haft contains a very powerful handgun and smoke pellets to help give to the illusion that the Reaper is in fact an incarnation of death. The scythes are stored in two inverted sheaths located on his back, under his cloak. Reaper (DC Comics) Reaper is the name of three characters in the DC Comics universe. The Pre-Crisis Reaper debuted in ""Batman"" #237 (Dec. 1971) and was created by Denny O'Neil. Created by writer Mike W. Barr,

"Longshot (Marvel Comics)"
stories he appeared in was the strong, spontaneous attraction that women exhibited to him, a trait with which he was genetically engineered. Longshot carries cleaver-like blades, stored in a bandolier, which he hurls with inhuman accuracy or in some cases, completely dependent upon his luck powers. He is also shown as proficient in other types of bladed weaponry. During his X-Men years, Longshot also carried a folding grappling hook and rope either carried looped around one shoulder or stored in his shoulder bag, and a set of throwing spikes which produced net-like wires between them to restrain a target. Longshot

First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It

National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained

division, or Army of the Shenandoah (C. S. A.), for June 30, 1861."" Aggregate present for duty. On the morning of July 21, 1861, McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman (about 12,000 men) from Centreville at 2:30 a.m., marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs. Tyler's division (about 8,000) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge. The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems. Tyler's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike. The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate, little more than a cart

"Battle of Fort Bull"
middle 18th century. France and Britain went to war in the inconclusive War of the Austrian Succession which was followed by the Seven Years' War, which began in North America in 1754 when the Virginia militia under the command of George Washington made a very unsuccessful attempt to expel the French from the Ohio river valley. Following the failure of aggressive British campaign plans in 1755, a chain of forts along the Mohawk River riverway connecting the Hudson River to Lake Ontario were garrisoned during the winter of 1755–1756. The largest garrison was left at Fort Oswego, at the end

Tetrapod
Tetrapod The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- ""four"" and πούς ""foot"") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods (); it includes extant and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs and thus birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups. Tetrapods evolved from a group of animals known as the Tetrapodomorpha, who in turn evolved from ancient Sarcopterygii lobe-finned fishes around 390 million years ago in the middle Devonian period; their forms were transitional between lobe-finned fishes and the four-limbed tetrapods. The first tetrapods appeared by the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago;

"Evolution of tetrapods"
Evolution of tetrapods The evolution of tetrapods began about 400 million years ago in the Devonian Period with the earliest tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes. Tetrapods are categorized as a biological superclass, Tetrapoda, which includes all living and extinct amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. While most species today are terrestrial, little evidence supports the idea that any of the earliest tetrapods could move about on land, as their limbs could not have held their midsections off the ground and the known trackways do not indicate they dragged their bellies around. Presumably, the tracks were made by animals walking along the

vertebrae, and a well-defined head and tail. All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed. A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny, small-eel-like conodonts, are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic. The first jawed vertebrates appeared in the latest Ordovician and became common in the Devonian, often known as the ""Age of Fishes"". The two groups of bony fishes, the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii, evolved and became common. The Devonian also saw the demise of virtually all jawless

Cynodont
Cynodont The cynodonts (""dog teeth"") (clade Cynodontia) are therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 Ma). The group includes modern mammals (including humans) as well as their extinct ancestors and close relatives. Nonmammalian cynodonts spread throughout southern Gondwana and are represented by fossils from South America, Africa, India, and Antarctica. In the northern continents, fossils have been found in eastern North America as well as in Belgium and northwestern France. Cynodontia is one of the most diverse groups of therapsids. Richard Owen named Cynodontia in 1861, which he assigned to Anomodontia as a family. Robert Broom (1913)

Mammaliaformes
used. The origin of true mammals (Mammalia) extends back to the Jurassic, with extensive findings in the Late Jurassic outcrops of Portugal and China. Early mammaliaforms were generally shrew-like in appearance and size, and most of their distinguishing characteristics were internal. In particular, the structure of the mammaliaform (and mammal) jaw and the arrangement of teeth are nearly unique. Instead of having many teeth that are frequently replaced, mammals have one set of baby teeth and later one set of adult teeth that fit together precisely. This is thought to aid in the grinding of food to make it quicker

Tetrapod
the specific aquatic ancestors of the tetrapods, and the process by which they colonized Earth's land after emerging from water remains unclear, and is an area of research and debate among palaeontologists. The first tetrapods were primarily aquatic. Modern amphibians, which evolved from earlier groups, are generally semiaquatic; the first stage of their lives is as fish-like tadpoles, and later stages are partly terrestrial and partly aquatic. However, most tetrapod species today are amniotes, most of those are terrestrial tetrapods whose branch evolved from earlier tetrapods about 340 million years ago (crown amniotes evolved 318 million years ago) the key

main branch is yet unresolved. Depending on which authorities one follows, modern amphibians (frogs, salamanders and caecilians) are most probably derived from either temnospondyls or lepospondyls (or possibly both, although this is now a minority position). The first amniotes (clade of vertebrates that today includes reptiles, mammals, and birds) are known from the early part of the Late Carboniferous. By the Triassic, this group had already radiated into the earliest mammals, turtles, and crocodiles (lizards and birds appeared in the Jurassic, and snakes in the Cretaceous). This contrasts sharply with the (possibly fourth) Carboniferous group, the baphetids, which have left

Archosaur
as archosauriforms (not true archosaurs but very closely related); these taxonomists maintain that archosaurs first evolved from archosauriform ancestors during the Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic. The earliest archosaurs were rauisuchians, such as ""Scythosuchus"" and ""Tsylmosuchus"", both of which have been found from Russia and date back to the Olenekian. Synapsids (a group including mammals and their extinct relatives, which are often referred to as ""mammal-like reptiles"") were the dominant land vertebrates throughout the Permian, but most perished in the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Very few large synapsids survived the event, although one form, ""Lystrosaurus"" (an herbivorous dicynodont), attained a

northwest China. This finding substantially extended the geographical range of these animals and has raised new questions about the worldwide distribution and great taxonomic diversity they achieved within a relatively short time. These earliest tetrapods were not terrestrial. The earliest confirmed terrestrial forms are known from the early Carboniferous deposits, some 20 million years later. Still, they may have spent very brief periods out of water and would have used their legs to paw their way through the mud. Why they went to land in the first place is still debated. One reason could be that the small juveniles who

"She's Always a Woman"
She's Always a Woman ""She's Always a Woman"" is a song from Billy Joel's 1977 album ""The Stranger"". It is a love song about a modern woman who the singer has fallen totally in love with to the extent of falling for her endearing quirks as well as her flaws. The single peaked at #17 in the U.S. in 1977, and at #53 in the UK in 1986, when it was released as a double A-side with ""Just the Way You Are"". It re-entered the UK chart in 2010, reaching #29. A Muzak version of the track by Frank Chacksfield

Orchestra is known to be one of the last songs played over the loudspeakers at the former World Trade Center complex before its collapse. The song is played in the compound time signature of 6/8. The song was released in 1977, following several other hits from ""The Stranger"" including ""Just the Way You Are"", ""Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)"" and ""Only the Good Die Young"". Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management

the single climbed 85 places to #14, marking Dangerfield's most successful single to date. On May 16, 2010, the single climbed 7 places to a current peak of #7 before falling to #9 in its second week within the Top 10. She's Always a Woman ""She's Always a Woman"" is a song from Billy Joel's 1977 album ""The Stranger"". It is a love song about a modern woman who the singer has fallen totally in love with to the extent of falling for her endearing quirks as well as her flaws. The single peaked at #17 in the U.S. in

of Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could ""wound with her eyes"" or ""steal like a thief"", but would ""never give in"". Because of her tough-as-nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was ""unfeminine,"" but to Joel, she was always a woman. The two eventually divorced in 1982. Fyfe Dangerfield, lead singer of the band Guillemots, recorded a version of this song in 2010 which was used in an advertisement for the British department store John

"Euforia – Helen Sjöholm sjunger Billy Joel"
lyrics. Apparently, Sjöholm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked. Eventually, in the spring of 2010, she developed the album project together with Martin Östergren, Georg ""Jojje"" Wadenius, producer Gunnar Nordén and Tomas Andersson Wij, who was asked to write the Swedish lyrics for all titles. Upon its release in November 2010, the album immediately entered the Swedish Albums Chart and peaked at number six

"She's a Woman"
in a calendar year on the Billboard Hot 100 by a songwriter. Cover versions include Jeff Beck's instrumental jazz fusion version featuring a talk box from his 1975 album ""Blow by Blow"", also produced by George Martin, which achieved substantial album oriented rock radio airplay in the US. Also, a latin jazz version was recorded by Joe DeRenzo from his ""Core Beliefs"" album, and a version by ESC on their Beatles compilation ""Step Inside LOVE"". Also, a pop-reggae reading by Scritti Politti featuring Shabba Ranks was recorded. José Feliciano also recorded a cover version of this song, and Chet Atkins

"She's a Lady"
She's a Lady ""She's a Lady"" is a million-selling gold-certified hit song written by Paul Anka and was released on his album ""Paul Anka '70s"" (RCA 4309, 1970). The most successful recording was performed by Tom Jones, and released at the beginning of 1971. It is Jones' highest-charting single in the U.S. to date (and his final Billboard Top Ten hit). ""She's a Lady"" hit #1 in Cash Box magazine for a week and spending one week at #2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart, behind Me and Bobby McGee by Janis Joplin. The song was also a #4 hit

"Shirley Brown"
her earlier years. 1975 - Nominated for Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance - Female Shirley Brown Shirley Brown (born January 6, 1947, West Memphis, Arkansas) is an American blues singer, best known for her million-selling single ""Woman to Woman"", which was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1975. Brown was born in West Memphis, but was raised in Madison, Illinois, where she started singing in church at the age of nine. Early experience singing gospel gave her a powerful but expressive voice likened to that of Aretha Franklin. Albert King discovered her when she was aged 14, singing in

"Only One Woman"
Only One Woman ""Only One Woman"" is a song and the first single by English duo The Marbles, written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. It later also appeared on their self-titled album ""The Marbles"". It was recorded around July 1968 in IBC Studios, London. The backing track was created by Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb and Colin Petersen, with an orchestral arrangement by Bill Shepherd. Colin plays the same percussion effect as on ""I've Gotta Get a Message to You"". The song exists only in a mono mix. The song was the biggest hit they had

live albums, ""Live at the Hollywood Bowl"" and ""Live at the BBC"", while a version from the first of two shows at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo in 1966 appears on ""Anthology 2"". On the US charts, the song was the final of 11 top ten hits in the calendar year 1964, giving the Beatles an all-time record for most top ten hits in a calendar year on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 charts by one artist/group (surpassed by rapper Drake in 2018). It was also the twelfth top 10 hit written by Lennon–McCartney, an all-time record for most top 10 hits

"America's Got Talent (season 1)"
the judges buzzers. They pressed ""X"" on Morgan's buzzer, ""✔"" on Norwood's buzzer, and ""X"" on Hasselhoff's buzzer. The buzzers were removed before the judges gave their comments. In the final round, the judges were still allowed to judge, but only the audience can decide the winners. In addition, each finalist had a celebrity coach to guide them. The winner of the one-million-dollar grand prize was 11-year-old singer Bianca Ryan. The ten finalists were first split into two groups. Group A consisted of Realis, At Last, Rappin' Granny, The Passing Zone and Quick Change. Out of the ten finalists, they

America's Got Talent (season 1) The first season of ""America's Got Talent"" premiered on June 21, 2006 and concluded on August 17, 2006. The audition tour took place in April 2006, stopping at Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Regis Philbin was the host for this season. David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood, and Piers Morgan were the judges. This season's winner was Bianca Ryan. For the audition round, each of the three judges has a red button in front of them that they can press when they do not want the act to continue; the button rings an electronic bell and

scheduled to appear after Aly & AJ. The segment featured Tom Green dressing in a parrot costume and squawking with a live parrot to communicate telepathically. Green then proceeded to fly up above the audience, shooting confetti streamers out of his costume onto the crowd below. In season one, the show was hosted by Regis Philbin and judged by actor David Hasselhoff, singer Brandy Norwood, and journalist Piers Morgan. The winner of the season was 11-year-old singer Bianca Ryan, and the runners-up were clogging group ""All That"" and musical group ""The Millers"". After initially announcing in June 2006 that season

(who played music by tapping his teeth), The Douglas Lee (who played water-filled drinking glasses), and Dave Nakfoor (who caught hard-boiled eggs in his mouth). Jessica Sanchez finished as the runner-up to Phillip Phillips on the season eleven of ""American Idol"". David and Dania made a cameo on Big Brother 19. America's Got Talent (season 1) The first season of ""America's Got Talent"" premiered on June 21, 2006 and concluded on August 17, 2006. The audition tour took place in April 2006, stopping at Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Regis Philbin was the host for this season. David Hasselhoff,

televised auditions), did not perform in the semifinals at all. No reason was given for their absence, but in 2007, it was revealed that Sideswipe had to withdraw because of a member's foot injury. Sydney Park was believed to be absent because of her career in acting. All semifinal performance shows were two hours long. The results shows, airing the next day, were one hour long, except for the first results show which was 30 minutes long. Jessica Sanchez(not televised) would appear in the Wild Card as the choice of Brandy. During their performance, one of the members had pressed

The show held televised auditions in Los Angeles, New York, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Seattle, and Houston. Non-televised producers' auditions were also held in Denver and Chicago. Previews of auditions were shown during NBC's ""The Voice"" premiere on April 26. Online auditions via YouTube were also held for the second time in the show's run, beginning on May 4. Finalists for this audition circuit competed live on August 9. On Wednesday, September 14, Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., a Frank Sinatra-style singer, was named the winner. Dance group Silhouettes was runner-up. Season seven premiered on May 14, 2012. The first round of auditions,

received the lowest number of votes. The five finalists that received the most votes were The Millers, Taylor Ware, Bianca Ryan, Celtic Spring and All That. Regis asked All That and The Millers to step forward, and announced that they did not win the grand prize but were both runners-up, and were ranked in either 2nd or 3rd place. These acts each won a 2007 Dodge Caliber RT. The remaining three acts in the top 5 were Taylor Ware, Bianca Ryan and Celtic Spring. Philbin announced that Ryan won the grand prize. On the Finals Results Show (August 17), acrobat

"Bianca Ryan"
Bianca Ryan Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ryan was the first winner of NBC's ""America's Got Talent"" at the age of eleven. She auditioned for ""Talent"" in 2006 and amazed the judges with her big voice. Singing two Broadway show tunes along the way, Ryan was announced as the winner of season one on August 17. Her self-titled first album was released later in 2006, followed by two Christmas albums. Two singles followed in 2007 and 2010. After a break to finish her education, Ryan recorded a cover

Stern as a judge for season 11. Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel all returned as judges, with Nick Cannon returning as host. The live shows moved from New York back to Los Angeles, due to Stern's departure, at the Dolby Theatre. Auditions in front of the judges began on March 3, 2016 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The season premiered on May 31, 2016. On September 14, 12-year-old singer-songwriter and ukulele player Grace VanderWaal was announced as the second female and second child to win ""America's Got Talent"" (Bianca Ryan, age 11, was first). Magician

in the early 1800s california society was dominated by which group

"History of California"
at a subsistence level, typically located in small rancherias of extended family groups of 100 to 150 people. They had no apparent agriculture as understood by Europeans, no domesticated animals except dogs, no pottery; their tools were made out of wood, leather, woven baskets and netting, stone, and antler. Some shelters were made of branches and mud; some dwellings were built by digging into the ground two to three feet and then building a brush shelter on top covered with animal skins, tules and/or mud. The Cabrillo expedition did not see the far north of California, where on the coast

Californio
culture. There are 11.9 million Chicanos/Mexican Americans in California (30% of California's population), making up the largest group of 15.2 million California Hispanics (40% of California's population). 2004 studies estimated that between 300,000 and 500,000 Californios had ancestry descended from the Mexican and Spanish eras of California. Alta California (""Upper California"") was nominally controlled by a national-government appointed governor. The governors of California were at first appointed by the Viceroy (nominally under the control of the Spanish kings), and after 1821 by the approximate 40 Mexican Presidents from 1821 to 1846. The costs of the minimum Alta California government were

women worked to help their families both inside and outside the home. See the top gallery for an 1867 photograph of Josepha Bandini de Carrillo, the Californio daughter of Juan Bandini and wife of Pedro C. Carrillo. The social life of Californio society was extremely important in both politics and business, and women played an important but overlooked part in these interactions. They helped facilitate these interactions for their husbands, and therefore themselves, to move up in the social and power rankings of Californio society. This ability to shape social situations was a sought after trait when looking for a

broke out between The Californios and the United States and requesting new orders would have taken from one and a half and two years to get a message to England and back. Initially there was little resistance from anyone in California as they replaced the dysfunctional and ineffective Mexican government which had already been replaced by the Californios. The Mexican government by 1846 had already had 40 presidents in the first 24 years of its existence. Most new settlers and Californios were neutral or actively supported the revolt. An independent group of men called ""Los Osos"" raised the ""Bear Flag""

and somewhat inland traditional architecture consists of rectangular redwood or cedar plank semisubterranean houses. Traditional clothing was minimal in the summer, with tanned deerhide and other animal leathers and furs and coarse woven articles of grass clothing used in winter. Feathers were sewn into prayer pieces worn for ceremonies. Some tribes around Santa Barbara, California and the Channel Islands (California) were using large plank canoes to fish and trade, while tribes in the California delta and San Francisco Bay Area were using tule canoes and some tribes on the Northwest coast carved redwood dugout canoes. The staple foods then used

"California Club"
by the Club's Membership Committee as well as background and reference checks. The club has ranked #13 in the ""Centrality Rankings"" by G. William Domhoff in his book ""Social clubs, policy-planning groups, and corporations: A network study of ruling-class cohesiveness"" published in 2005, and it is one of the most exclusive private clubs in the U.S. The California Club was incorporated on December 24, 1888. The first organizational meeting was held September 24, 1887, ""in Justice Austin's courtroom"", with N. C. Coleman as chairman and H. T. DeWilson as secretary. The constitution and bylaws of the Union Social Club, of

"History of California before 1900"
different language family groups. These groups included the early-arriving Hokan family (winding up in the mountainous far north and Colorado River basin in the south) and the recently arrived Uto-Aztecan of the desert southeast. This cultural diversity was among the densest in North America, and was likely the result of a series of migrations and invasions during the last 10,000–15,000 years. At the time of the first European contact, Native American tribes included the Chumash, Nisenan, Maidu, Miwok, Modoc, Mohave, Ohlone, Pomo, Serrano, Shasta, Tataviam, Tongva, Wintu and Yurok. Tribes adapted to California's many climates. Coastal tribes were a major

Alta California government (including that of governor), rivalries emerged between northern and southern regions. Several times, Californio leaders attempted to break away from Mexico, most notably Juan Bautista Alvarado in 1836. Southern regional leaders, led by Pio Pico, made several attempts to relocate the capital from Monterey to the more populated Los Angeles. The independence-minded Californios were also influenced by the increasing numbers of immigrant foreigners (mostly English and French, Americans were grouped with the ""English""), who integrated with the Californios, becoming Mexican citizens and gaining land either independently granted to them or through marriage to Californio women; involvement in

against Latinos, including Californios, and the Chinese, but not any other foreign, but white Europeans, showing systematic racism on the part of the newly formed California Legislature. The Californio population was 10,000 in 1845, estimated. A portrayal of Californio culture is depicted in the novel ""Ramona"" (1884), written by Helen Hunt Jackson. The fictional character of Zorro has become the most identifiable Californio due to novels, short stories, motion pictures and the 1950s television series. The historical facts of the era are sometimes lost in the story-telling. Californio Californio (historical, regional Spanish for ""Californian""; plural: Californios) is a term for

transcontinental railroad in the United States. They were Leland Stanford, (1824–1893), Collis Potter Huntington (1821–1900), Mark Hopkins (1813–1878), and Charles Crocker (1822–1888). The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines permanently linked California to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed immeasurably to the state's unrivaled social, political, and economic development. The Big Four dominated California's economy and politics in the 1880s and 1890s, and Collis P. Huntington became one of the most hated man in California. One typical California textbook argues: Huntington, however, defended himself: 1898

"Blighted ovum"
Blighted ovum A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation (anembryonic pregnancy) is a pregnancy in which the embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed. It typically results in a miscarriage. In a normal pregnancy, an embryo would be visible on an ultrasound by six weeks after the woman's last menstrual period. Anembryonic gestation is one of the causes of miscarriage of a pregnancy. A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation is characterized by a normal-appearing gestational sac, but the absence of an embryo. It likely occurs as a result of early embryonic death with continued development of the trophoblast. When small,

an embryo whose crown–rump length is 15 mm or more has no visible cardiac activity. Blighted ovum A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation (anembryonic pregnancy) is a pregnancy in which the embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed. It typically results in a miscarriage. In a normal pregnancy, an embryo would be visible on an ultrasound by six weeks after the woman's last menstrual period. Anembryonic gestation is one of the causes of miscarriage of a pregnancy. A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation is characterized by a normal-appearing gestational sac, but the absence of an embryo. It likely occurs

"Postterm pregnancy"
Postterm pregnancy Postterm pregnancy is the condition of a fetus that has not yet been born after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the normal 40. Post-mature births can carry risks for both the mother and the infant, including fetal malnutrition. After the 42nd week of gestation, the placenta, which supplies the baby with nutrients and oxygen from the mother, starts aging and will eventually fail. Some conditions are associated with postterm pregnancy. For example, meconium aspiration syndrome is a condition when the fetus passes its fecal matter, which is not typical until after birth, and breathes it in.

"Ovarian pregnancy"
bleeding during pregnancy. Patients may present with hypovolemia or be in circulatory shock because of internal bleeding. Ideally, ultrasound will show the location of the gestational sac in the ovary, while the uterine cavity is ""empty"", and if there is internal bleeding, it can be identified. Because of the proximity of the tube, the sonographic distinction between a tubal and an ovarian pregnancy may be difficult. Serial hCG levels generally show not the normal progressive rise. In a series of 12 patients the mean gestation age was 45 days. Histologically, the diagnosis has been made by Spiegelberg criteria on the

"Gestation crate"
five weeks, are not banned. Opponents of the crates argue that they constitute animal abuse, while proponents say they are needed to prevent sows from fighting among themselves. Between 60 and 70 percent of sows are kept in crates during pregnancy in the United States. Each pregnancy lasts for three months, three weeks, and three days. Sows will have an average of 2.5 litters every year for two or three years, most of which is spent in the crates. They give birth to between five and eight litters before being culled from the herd. Some older sows may reach a

ovarian surface, perhaps aided by a decidual reaction or endometriosis. Ovarian pregnancies rarely go longer than 4 weeks; nevertheless, there is the possibility that the trophoblast finds further support outside the ovary and thus may affect the tube and other organs. In very rare occasions the pregnancy may find a sufficient foothold outside the ovary to continue as an abdominal pregnancy, and an occasional delivery has been reported. The diagnosis is made in asymptomatic pregnant women by obstetric ultrasonography. On pelvic examination a unilateral adnexal mass may be found. Typical symptoms are abdominal pain and, to a lesser degree, vaginal

Ovarian pregnancy Ovarian pregnancy refers to an ectopic pregnancy that is located in the ovary. Typically the egg cell is not released or picked up at ovulation, but fertilized within the ovary where the pregnancy implants. Such a pregnancy usually does not proceed past the first four weeks of pregnancy. An untreated ovarian pregnancy causes potentially fatal intra-abdominal bleeding and thus may become a medical emergency. The cause of ovarian pregnancy is unknown, specifically as the usual causative factors – pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic surgery – implicated in tubal ectopic pregnancy seem to be uninvolved. There appears to be

"Preterm birth"
Preterm birth Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks' gestational age. These babies are known as preemies or premies. Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and sight problems. These risks are greater the earlier a baby is born. The cause of preterm birth is often not known. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more

determine gestational age physically, infants that are born postterm may be associated with a physical condition called postmaturity. The most common symptoms for this condition are dry skin, overgrown nails, creases on the baby's palms and soles of their feet, minimal fat, abundant hair on their head, and either a brown, green, or yellow discoloration of their skin. Doctors diagnose postmature birth based on the baby's physical appearance and the length of the mother's pregnancy. However, some postmature babies may show no or few signs of postmaturity. Once a pregnancy is diagnosed postterm, usually at or greater than 42 weeks

"Late preterm infant"
for day two. Although colostrum production is not voluminous, it can still meet the needs of the newborn. Late preterm infant Late preterm infants are infants born at a gestational age between weeks and weeks. They have higher morbidity and mortality rates than term infants (gestational age ≥37 weeks) due to their relative physiologic and metabolic immaturity, even though they are often the size and weight of some term infants. ""Late preterm"" has replaced ""near term"" to describe this group of infants, since near term incorrectly implies that these infants are ""almost term"" and only require routine neonatal care. In

"Russia at the Olympics"
the Unified Team in 1992, and finally returned once again as ""Russia"" at the 1994 Winter Olympics. The Russian Olympic Committee was created in 1991 and recognized in 1993. The Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and the Russian Federation hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In six appearances Russian athletes have won a total of 428 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 120 at the Winter Olympic Games. Over the most recent twelve Games (since 1994), Russia's 548 total medals, including 196 gold medals, are second only to the United States. All Summer

"Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Both were sanctioned by the IOC and their results were annulled as a consequence of the ruling. In December 2014, German public broadcaster ARD aired a documentary which made wide-ranging allegations that Russia organized a state-run doping program which supplied their athletes with performance-enhancing drugs. In November 2015, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published a report and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. In May 2016, ""The New York Times"" published allegations by the former director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory, Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, that a conspiracy

the protection of doped Russian athletes"" within a ""state-directed failsafe system"" using ""the disappearing positive [test] methodology"". According to the McLaren Report, the Disappearing Positive Methodology operated from ""at least late 2011 to August 2015"". It was used on 643 positive samples, a number that the authors consider ""only a minimum"" due to limited access to Russian records. On 9 December 2016, Canadian lawyer Richard McLaren published the second part of his independent report. The investigation found that from 2011 to 2015, more than 1,000 Russian competitors in various sports (including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports) benefited from the cover-up.

"Concerns and controversies at the 2008 Summer Olympics"
that it would begin retesting samples for CERA. In April 2017, the Olympics has had the most (49 of 50) Olympic medals stripped for doping violations. Russia is the leading country with 14 medals stripped off. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that China had 150 million migrant workers out of a total national working population of 764 million people at the end of 2006. More than 40 million of these migrant workers were employed in construction, an industry in which some 90 percent of the workforce was composed of migrants. 2008 Summer Olympics migrant workers routinely endured dangerous work

"Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers"
"""", where a tied vote at Tribal Council was followed by a second ballot before being declared ""deadlocked"". The format of the penultimate Tribal Council, with four players remaining, was changed; in lieu of a vote, the winner of the final immunity challenge was to assign additional immunity to another castaway, with the remaining two competing in a fire-making challenge to determine the third finalist. This was the fourth season of the show filmed in Fiji (tied with the Philippines), following """", """", and ""Survivor: Game Changers"". The cast is composed of 18 new players, initially split into three tribes

"Survivor: Game Changers"
Survivor: Game Changers Survivor: Game Changers — Mamanuca Islands is the 34th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"", featuring 20 returning castaways. The season premiered on March 8, 2017 with a two-hour airing, marking the series' 500th episode, and ended on May 24, 2017, when Sarah Lacina was named the winner over Brad Culpepper and Troy ""Troyzan"" Robertson in a 7–3–0 vote. This season was the third to film in Fiji after """" and """". It was the fourth season to feature entirely returning players, following """", """", and """" and was the 11th season overall

"Survivor: Worlds Apart"
Survivor: Worlds Apart Survivor: Worlds Apart is the 30th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"", which premiered on February 25, 2015, with the season finale on May 20, 2015. It was filmed in San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, the same location as """", """", and """", and features three tribes of six new players divided by social class: white collar, blue collar, and no collar. This season introduced the concept of an extra vote, in which one player can vote twice at a single Tribal Council, which was offered during the season's Survivor Auction. This season

"Survivor: Ghost Island"
Survivor: Ghost Island Survivor: Ghost Island is the 36th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"". ""Ghost Island"" was filmed in the summer of 2017 and premiered on February 28, 2018, on CBS with a two-hour episode. The season concluded on May 23, 2018. This season was the fifth to be filmed in Fiji, surpassed the Philippines and Samoa as the most number of ""Survivor"" seasons have filmed. This season marks the first time in ""Survivor"" history in which two players were tied for having the most jury votes at the Final Tribal Council. Domenick Abbate and

split into two tribes containing ten members each: Takali (""Gen X"") and Vanua (""Millennials""). The tribe names come from the Fijian words for ""open ocean"" and ""homeland"", respectively. Michaela Bradshaw and Zeke Smith returned the following season for """". David Wright will return in Survivor's 38th season, ""Edge of Extinction"". The 20 new castaways were initially divided into tribes based on generation. The Gen X tribe was fractured between two alliances—one led by Paul and Chris, and the other by David and Ken—while the Millennial tribe's majority was run by Jay and Michelle. With 16 players remaining, the castaways were

"Survivor: Redemption Island"
the game immediately upon being voted out of their tribe, the voted off contestant would be taken to a secluded area known as Redemption Island. Once there, they were to sustain themselves in the same manner as when living with the tribe: living on limited food, water and shelter. They would be joined by the next person voted out, and those two people would face off in a duel in an arena constructed to resemble an old ruined temple, joined by two representatives from each tribe acting as observers. The winner remains in the game, and continues living at Redemption

Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X is the 33rd season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"". It featured two initial tribes of ten new castaways divided by generation: Gen X, born between 1963 and 1982, and Millennials, born between 1984 and 1997 (no one born in 1983 was cast this season). It is the third season to divide the castaways into tribes by age, following """" and """", and the second season to film in Fiji, following """", which was filmed in a different location. The season premiered on September 21, 2016 with

Survivor: Redemption Island Survivor: Redemption Island is the twenty-second season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"". It premiered on February 16, 2011. Applications were due in January 2010, and filming lasted from August to September 2010. The season was filmed near San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, the same location as the . The show featured returning players Russell Hantz and Rob Mariano and 16 new players to ""Survivor."" Mariano was named the winner in the final episode on May 15, 2011, defeating Phillip Sheppard and Natalie Tenerelli in an 8–1–0 vote. In addition, Mariano won $100,000 as

those delicious tears that Probst loves so much."" Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X is the 33rd season of the American CBS competitive reality television series ""Survivor"". It featured two initial tribes of ten new castaways divided by generation: Gen X, born between 1963 and 1982, and Millennials, born between 1984 and 1997 (no one born in 1983 was cast this season). It is the third season to divide the castaways into tribes by age, following """" and """", and the second season to film in Fiji, following """", which was filmed in a different location.

vulnerable to alliance shifts that might have occurred while they were absent from the tribe. Michael Skupin from """" said he was asked to be on this season, but ultimately was not included. Jonathan Penner from """" and """" was cut from the final cast. Both Skupin and Penner later returned for """". Erik Reichenbach, from ""Micronesia"" was considered to return, but didn't make the final cast; he later returned as a ""Favorite"" in """". Richard Hatch, winner of """", was initially cast alongside Russell Hantz. However, as was the case with his casting bids for ""Micronesia"" and """", a

"Something Just like This"
Singapore show on March 31, 2017. It was performed again at the ""One Love Manchester"" benefit concert for the victims of the Manchester Arena bombing on June 4, 2017. The lyric video was also released on February 22, 2017, on the Chainsmokers' Vevo channel. It has received over 1.4 billion views and is the 56th most viewed video on YouTube. It was directed by James Zwadlo. The song is written in the key of B minor and has a tempo of 103 beats per minute in common time. It follows a chord progression of G–A–Bm–A, and the vocals span two

Something Just like This ""Something Just like This"" is a song by American electronic music duo The Chainsmokers and British rock band Coldplay. It was released on February 22, 2017 as the second single from The Chainsmokers' debut album, ""Memories...Do Not Open"", and as the lead single from Coldplay's thirteenth extended play ""Kaleidoscope"". ""Something Just like This"" was used as the theme for the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of

an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition. On February 22, 2017, Coldplay premiered ""Something Just like This"" with the Chainsmokers on stage at the Brit Awards at The O2 Arena in London, England. They then performed the song at the 2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards at The Forum in Inglewood, California on March 5, 2017, and on their A Head Full of Dreams Tour since the

best-selling song of 2017 in the US, with 1,348,000 copies sold in 2017, and 4,000,000 units including streaming. In the United Kingdom, ""Something Just like This"" debuted at number thirty on February 24, 2017, reaching its number two peak position the following week, behind Ed Sheeran's ""Shape of You"". It spent nine consecutive weeks in the top 10. It was the ninth biggest song of 2017 in the United Kingdom. The Chainsmokers Coldplay Production ! scope=""row""| Portugal (AFP) ! scope=""row""| South Korea (Gaon) Something Just like This ""Something Just like This"" is a song by American electronic music duo The

octaves, from G to G. ""Something Just like This"" debuted at number fifty-six on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, but on its second week, the song soared to number five, becoming the Chainsmokers' third top five entry after ""Don't Let Me Down"" and ""Closer"". The song also became Coldplay's second top five entry after ""Viva la Vida"". Also, it became the Chainsmokers' fifth and Coldplay's fourth top 10 entry on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song has since peaked at number three on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song reached its millionth sales mark in July 2017. It was the sixth

"A Moment Like This"
2002 in the United States. In 2006, the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis, the winner of the third series of ""The X Factor."" Her version was the Christmas number one for 2006, outselling the rest of the top 40 combined. Lewis' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015. The song was co-written by Jörgen Elofsson and John Reid (of dance act Nightcrawlers) and produced by Stephen Ferrera and Steve Mac. It was written to be the first single for the winner of the first season of ""American Idol"". As a result, the four remaining

A Moment Like This ""A Moment Like This"" is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The song was written by Jörgen Elofsson and John Reid (from Nightcrawlers) and produced by Stephen Ferrera and Steve Mac. It was released as a double A-side with ""Before Your Love"" as her coronation single after winning the first season of ""American Idol."" The song was later included on her debut studio album, ""Thankful"" (2003). ""A Moment Like This"" was a huge hit in North America, topping the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and Canadian Singles Chart. It eventually became the best-selling single of

"Life or Something Like It"
as Lanie will never be able to get the job as she'll die before it begins. He also gives a prophecy of the death of a famous former baseball player in a plane crash. When Pete receives the news of the death of the baseball player, as foretold by Jack, he tries to call Lanie to warn her but can't reach her so he flies to New York. Lanie - unconcerned with Jack's prophecy - interviews her idol, famous media personality Deborah Connors (Stockard Channing). Lanie realizes how petty the opening questions are and shares a heartfelt moment with Deborah

Life or Something Like It Life or Something Like It is a 2002 romantic comedy/drama film directed by Stephen Herek. The film focuses on television reporter Lanie Kerrigan (Angelina Jolie) and her quest to find meaning in her life. The original music score was composed by David Newman. The film's taglines are: ""Destiny is what you make of it"" and ""What if you had only 7 days to live?"" Lanie Kerrigan (Angelina Jolie), a successful reporter for a Seattle television station, interviews a self-proclaimed prophet, Jack (Tony Shalhoub), to find out if he really can predict football scores. Instead, Prophet

"Like This (Kelly Rowland song)"
glitter is seen flying upwards from the floor. Like This (Kelly Rowland song) ""Like This"" is a song by American singer Kelly Rowland, featuring vocals by rapper Eve. Recorded late into the production of Rowland's second solo album ""Ms. Kelly"" (2007), the song was released on March 13, 2007 as the lead single from the album. The artists co-wrote the song with its producers Sean Garrett, Polow da Don, Blac Elvis, and Jason Perry, with additional production from S-Dot. ""Like This"" is a R&B song, with its lyrics referring to a woman growing out of a past relationship. The song

"Dry distillation"
through the condenser and may be burned to provide heat. The wood gas is only usable as fuel and consists typically of 17% methane; 2% hydrogen; 23% carbon monoxide; 38% carbon dioxide; 2% oxygen and 18% nitrogen. It has a gas calorific value of about 10.8 MJoules per m (290 BTU/cu.ft.) i.e. about one third the value of natural gas. When deciduous tree woods are subjected to distillation, the products are methanol (wood alcohol) and charcoal. The distillation of pine wood causes Pine tar and pitch to drip away from the wood and leave behind charcoal. Birch tar from birch

"Fenton's reagent"
a disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to create two different oxygen-radical species, with water () as a byproduct. The free radicals generated by this process then engage in secondary reactions. For example, the hydroxyl is a powerful, non-selective oxidant. Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton's reagent is rapid and exothermic and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water. Reaction () was suggested by Haber and Weiss in the 1930s as part of what would become the Haber–Weiss reaction. Iron(II) sulfate is typically used as the iron catalyst. The exact mechanisms of the redox cycle are

depend on the nature of the raw material and the conditions under which the dry distillation is done. Decomposition within a temperature range of 450 to about 600°C is called carbonization or low-temperature degassing. At temperatures above 900°C, the process is called coking or high-temperature degassing. If coal is gasified to make coal gas or carbonized to make coke then Coal tar is among the by-products. When wood is heated above 270°C it begins to carbonize. If air is absent, the final product (since there is no oxygen present to react with the wood) is charcoal. If air (which contains

The method has been used to obtain liquid fuels from coal and wood. It can also be used to break down mineral salts such as sulfates () through thermolysis, in this case producing sulfur dioxide (SO) or sulfur trioxide (SO) gas which can be dissolved in water to obtain sulfuric acid. By this method sulfuric acid was first identified and artificially produced. When substances of vegetable origin, e.g. coal, oil shale, peat or wood, are heated in the absence of air (dry distillation), they decompose into gas, liquid products and coke/charcoal. The yield and chemical nature of the decomposition products

oxygen) is present, the wood will catch fire and burn when it reaches a temperature of about 400–500°C and the fuel product is wood ash. If wood is heated away from air, first the moisture is driven off. Until this is complete, the wood temperature remains at about 100–110°C. When the wood is dry its temperature rises, and at about 270°C, it begins to spontaneously decompose. This is the well known exothermic reaction which takes place in charcoal burning. At this stage evolution of the by-products of wood carbonization starts. These substances are given off gradually as the temperature rises

and at about 450°C the evolution is complete. The solid residue, charcoal, is mainly carbon (about 70%) and small amounts of tarry substances which can be driven off or decomposed completely only by raising the temperature to above about 600°C. In the common practice of charcoal burning using internal heating of the charged wood by burning a part of it, all the by-product vapors and gas escapes into the atmosphere as smoke. The by-products can be recovered by passing the off-gases through a series of water to yield so-called wood vinegar (pyroligneous acid) and the non-condensible wood gas passes on

Ether
by phenoxides. The R–X cannot be used to react with the alcohol. However phenols can be used to replace the alcohol while maintaining the alkyl halide. Since phenols are acidic, they readily react with a strong base like sodium hydroxide to form phenoxide ions. The phenoxide ion will then substitute the –X group in the alkyl halide, forming an ether with an aryl group attached to it in a reaction with an S2 mechanism. The Ullmann condensation is similar to the Williamson method except that the substrate is an aryl halide. Such reactions generally require a catalyst, such as copper.

Ether
elevated temperatures (about 125 °C). The reaction is catalyzed by acids, usually sulfuric acid. The method is effective for generating symmetrical ethers, but not unsymmetrical ethers, since either OH can be protonated, which would give a mixture of products. Diethyl ether is produced from ethanol by this method. Cyclic ethers are readily generated by this approach. Elimination reactions compete with dehydration of the alcohol: The dehydration route often requires conditions incompatible with delicate molecules. Several milder methods exist to produce ethers. Nucleophilic displacement of alkyl halides by alkoxides This reaction is called the Williamson ether synthesis. It involves treatment of

Fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous iron as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters. Fenton's reagent can be used to destroy organic compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE). It was developed in the 1890s by Henry John Horstman Fenton as an analytical reagent. Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to iron(III), forming a hydroxyl radical and a hydroxide ion in the process. Iron(III) is then reduced back to iron(II) by another molecule of hydrogen peroxide, forming a hydroperoxyl radical and a proton. The net effect is

Ether
in the presence of air or oxygen, ethers tend to form explosive peroxides, such as diethyl ether peroxide. The reaction is accelerated by light, metal catalysts, and aldehydes. In addition to avoiding storage conditions likely to form peroxides, it is recommended, when an ether is used as a solvent, not to distill it to dryness, as any peroxides that may have formed, being less volatile than the original ether, will become concentrated in the last few drops of liquid. The presence of peroxide in old samples of ethers may be detected by shaking them with freshly prepared solution of a

"Gemma Whelan"
Gemma Whelan Gemma Elizabeth Whelan (born 23 April 1981) is an English actress and comedian, known for playing Yara Greyjoy in the HBO fantasy-drama series ""Game of Thrones"". In addition to being an actor and comedian, Whelan is also a professional dancer specialising in the tap and jazz dance styles. She is a member of the dance troupe the Beaux Belles, based in London. She is also trained in musical theatre and has a mezzo-soprano singing voice. Whelan can speak conversational Spanish. She lives in London. In July 2017, she announced she is expecting her first child with husband Gerry.

"Rebecca Hazlewood"
Rebecca Hazlewood Rebecca Hazlewood (born 9 April 1977) is an English actress. She was born in Wales and grew up in Kingswinford in the West Midlands. She is of mixed English and Indian descent. Hazlewood is best known in the UK for her roles as Beena Shah in ""Crossroads"" and Arun Parmar in ""Bad Girls."" In the United States she's best known for her role as Asha in the NBC sitcom ""Outsourced"". Her other roles include Talia Ahmed in the ITV series ""Second Sight"" alongside Clive Owen, in the ""Masters of the Universe"" BBC1 week-long series in January 2010 as

recurring cast member from the second season onward. Gemma Whelan Gemma Elizabeth Whelan (born 23 April 1981) is an English actress and comedian, known for playing Yara Greyjoy in the HBO fantasy-drama series ""Game of Thrones"". In addition to being an actor and comedian, Whelan is also a professional dancer specialising in the tap and jazz dance styles. She is a member of the dance troupe the Beaux Belles, based in London. She is also trained in musical theatre and has a mezzo-soprano singing voice. Whelan can speak conversational Spanish. She lives in London. In July 2017, she announced she

"Souad Faress"
Souad Faress Souad Faress (born 25 March 1948) is a Ghanaian stage, radio, television and film actress. She is best known for her portrayal of the solicitor Usha Gupta, in the long-running BBC Radio 4 serial ""The Archers"" and for her role as the High Priestess of the Dosh Khaleen in the sixth season of the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"". Faress was born in 1948 in Accra, Ghana, to Irish and Syrian parents. She studied drama at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and lives in London. She has been exploring playwriting as a medium since before 2004.

"Sibel Kekilli"
Sibel Kekilli Sibel Kekilli (born 16 June 1980) is a German actress. She gained public attention after starring in the 2004 film ""Head-On"". She won two Lolas, the most prestigious German film awards, for her performances in ""Head-On"" and ""When We Leave"" (2010). Beginning in 2011, she became more widely known for her role as Shae in the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"", as well as for her violence against women activism work. Kekilli was born and raised in Heilbronn, to a family of Turkish origin. Her parents came to Germany from Turkey in 1977, and were described by Kekilli

"Laura Brent"
Laura Brent Laura Brent (born 2 May 1988) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Lilliandil in """". Born in Melbourne, Brent attended the National Institute of Dramatic Art, where she trained as an actress and a singer and graduated in 2007. She made her first screen appearance in the 2009 short film ""Message from the CEO"" and went on to making guest appearances on the Australian television series ""Chandon Pictures"", ""Legend of the Seeker"" and """". In 2010, she rose to international fame when she made her feature film debut as Lilliandil in the third installment

(especially the foreigners) had higher mortality rates and lower birth rates than natives, and were sometimes even subjected to mass expulsions. The average recorded age at death for the slaves of the city of Rome was extraordinarily low: seventeen and a half years (17.2 for males; 17.9 for females). During the period of Republican expansionism when slavery had become pervasive, war captives were a main source of slaves. The range of ethnicities among slaves to some extent reflected that of the armies Rome defeated in war, and the conquest of Greece brought a number of highly skilled and educated slaves

under 400,000 in the 2nd, ""significantly smaller"" than the collective armed forces of the territories it conquered. No more than 2% of adult males living in the Empire served in the Imperial army. Augustus also created the Praetorian Guard: nine cohorts, ostensibly to maintain the public peace, which were garrisoned in Italy. Better paid than the legionaries, the Praetorians served only sixteen years. The ""auxilia"" were recruited from among the non-citizens. Organized in smaller units of roughly cohort strength, they were paid less than the legionaries, and after 25 years of service were rewarded with Roman citizenship, also extended to

combat, and historical re-enactments. From earliest times, several religious festivals had featured games ""(ludi)"", primarily horse and chariot races ""(ludi circenses)"". Although their entertainment value tended to overshadow ritual significance, the races remained part of archaic religious observances that pertained to agriculture, initiation, and the cycle of birth and death. Under Augustus, public entertainments were presented on 77 days of the year; by the reign of Marcus Aurelius, the number of days had expanded to 135. Circus games were preceded by an elaborate parade ""(pompa circensis)"" that ended at the venue. Competitive events were held also in smaller venues such

of 5 million square kilometres. The traditional population estimate of inhabitants accounted for between one-sixth and one-fourth of the world's total population and made it the largest population of any unified political entity in the West until the mid-19th century. Recent demographic studies have argued for a population peak ranging from to more than . Each of the three largest cities in the Empire—Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch—was almost twice the size of any European city at the beginning of the 17th century. As the historian Christopher Kelly has described it: Trajan's successor Hadrian adopted a policy of maintaining rather than

centuries, with a century further made up of ten squads ""(contubernia)""; the exact size of the Imperial legion, which is most likely to have been determined by logistics, has been estimated to range from 4,800 to 5,280. In AD 9, Germanic tribes wiped out three full legions in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. This disastrous event reduced the number of the legions to 25. The total of the legions would later be increased again and for the next 300 years always be a little above or below 30. The army had about 300,000 soldiers in the 1st century, and

and small votives dedicated by ordinary people to divinities, as well as on binding tablets and other ""magic spells"", with hundreds of examples collected in the Greek Magical Papyri. The military produced a vast amount of written reports and service records, and literacy in the army was ""strikingly high"". Urban graffiti, which include literary quotations, and low-quality inscriptions with misspellings and solecisms indicate casual literacy among non-elites. In addition, numeracy was necessary for any form of commerce. Slaves were numerate and literate in significant numbers, and some were highly educated. Books were expensive, since each copy had to be written

as ""Thracian"" or ""Gallic"". The staged combats were considered ""munera"", ""services, offerings, benefactions"", initially distinct from the festival games ""(ludi)"". Throughout his 40-year reign, Augustus presented eight gladiator shows in which a total of 10,000 men fought, as well as 26 staged beast hunts that resulted in the deaths of 3,500 animals. To mark the opening of the Colosseum, the emperor Titus presented 100 days of arena events, with 3,000 gladiators competing on a single day. Roman fascination with gladiators is indicated by how widely they are depicted on mosaics, wall paintings, lamps, and even graffiti drawings. Gladiators were trained

strengthened. During the reign of Augustus, a ""global map of the known world"" was displayed for the first time in public at Rome, coinciding with the composition of the most comprehensive work on political geography that survives from antiquity, the ""Geography"" of the Pontic Greek writer Strabo. When Augustus died, the commemorative account of his achievements ""(Res Gestae)"" prominently featured the geographical cataloguing of peoples and places within the Empire. Geography, the census, and the meticulous keeping of written records were central concerns of Roman Imperial administration. The Empire reached its largest expanse under Trajan (reigned 98–117), encompassing an area

or ""muliones)"", and stonecutters ""(lapidarii)"". These are sometimes quite specialized: one ""collegium"" at Rome was strictly limited to craftsmen who worked in ivory and citrus wood. Work performed by slaves falls into five general categories: domestic, with epitaphs recording at least 55 different household jobs; imperial or public service; urban crafts and services; agriculture; and mining. Convicts provided much of the labour in the mines or quarries, where conditions were notoriously brutal. In practice, there was little division of labour between slave and free, and most workers were illiterate and without special skills. The greatest number of common labourers were

including the Guadalquivir, Ebro, Rhône, Rhine, Tiber and Nile. Transport by water was preferred where possible, and moving commodities by land was more difficult. Vehicles, wheels, and ships indicate the existence of a great number of skilled woodworkers. Land transport utilized the advanced system of Roman roads, which were called """"viae"""". These roads were primarily built for military purposes, but also served commercial ends. The in-kind taxes paid by communities included the provision of personnel, animals, or vehicles for the ""cursus publicus"", the state mail and transport service established by Augustus. Relay stations were located along the roads every seven

"Train of thought"
Train of thought The train of thought or track of thought refers to the interconnection in the sequence of ideas expressed during a connected discourse or thought, as well as the sequence itself, especially in discussion how this sequence leads from one idea to another. When a reader or listener ""loses the train of thought"" (i.e., loses the relation between consecutive sentences or phrases, or the relation between non-verbal concepts in an argument or presentation), comprehension is lost of the expressed or unexpressed thought. The term ""train of thoughts"" was introduced and elaborated as early as in 1651 by Thomas

Hobbes in his ""Leviathan"", though with a somewhat different meaning (similar to the meaning used by the British associationists): Train of thought The train of thought or track of thought refers to the interconnection in the sequence of ideas expressed during a connected discourse or thought, as well as the sequence itself, especially in discussion how this sequence leads from one idea to another. When a reader or listener ""loses the train of thought"" (i.e., loses the relation between consecutive sentences or phrases, or the relation between non-verbal concepts in an argument or presentation), comprehension is lost of the expressed

Synapse
Synapse In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell. Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body, yet still communicate with each other, an idea known as the neuron doctrine. The word ""synapse"" – from the Greek ""synapsis"" (), meaning ""conjunction"", in turn from ( (""together"") and (""to fasten"")) – was introduced in 1897 by the English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in Michael Foster's ""Textbook of Physiology"". Sherrington struggled to find a

Thought
states that the classical approach of separating the mind and analysing its processes is misguided: instead, we should see that the mind, actions of an embodied agent, and the environment it perceives and envisions, are all parts of a whole which determine each other. Therefore, functional analysis of the mind alone will always leave us with the mind–body problem which cannot be solved. A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, the vertebrate spinal

"Motor program"
Motor program A motor program is an abstract representation of movement that centrally organizes and controls the many degrees of freedom involved in performing an action. Signals transmitted through efferent and afferent pathways allow the central nervous system to anticipate, plan or guide movement. Evidence for the concept of motor programs include the following: This is not meant to underestimate the importance of feedback information, merely that another level of control beyond feedback is used: The response-chaining, or reflex-chaining hypothesis, proposed by William James (1890), was one of the earliest descriptions of movement control. This open-loop hypothesis postulated that movements

Thought
cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord and the peripheral nerves. A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord that cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the brain and spinal cord. Neurons respond to stimuli, and communicate the presence of stimuli to the central nervous system, which processes that information and sends responses to other parts of

"Neural pathway"
route from the entorhinal cortex to all fields of the hippocampal formation, including the dentate gyrus, all CA fields (including CA1), and the subiculum. Descending motor pathways of the pyramidal tracts travel from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem or lower spinal cord. Ascending sensory tracts in the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) carry information from the periphery to the cortex of the brain. The first named pathways are evident to the naked eye even in a poorly preserved brain, and were named by the great anatomists of the Renaissance using cadaver material. Examples of these include the great ""commissures""

"Mental operations"
differentiated a preoperational stage, and operational stages of cognitive development, on the basis of presence of mental operations as an adaptation tool. J. P. Guilford's Structure of Intellect model described up to 180 different intellectual abilities organized along three dimensions—Operations, Content, and Products. According to most logicians, the three primary mental operations are apprehension (understanding), judgement, and inference. Apprehension is the mental operation by which an idea is formed in the mind. If you were to think of a sunset or a baseball, the action of forming that picture in your mind is apprehension. The verbal expression of apprehension is

P.A.N.
imagery. Much like a stone arch, in every phrase exists a key element that enables it to retain form (or in this case, meaning). Consider a term such as: ""The excitable fox ran from the dog to the river"". Much like the human mind, P.A.N. recognizes a ""fox ran"" as being the central thought within this phrase. The human mind sees: [Excitable + Fox] [Ran + from dog] = Excitable fox running from dog. P.A.N. elaborates: [Clever + Fox] [Ran + out of fear + from dog] = Clever fox ran out of fear from dog. Through individual word analysis

Synapse
good term that emphasized a union between two ""separate"" elements, and the actual term ""synapse"" was suggested by the English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verrall, a friend of Michael Foster. Some authors generalize the concept of the synapse to include the communication from a neuron to any other cell type, such as to a motor cell, although such non-neuronal contacts may be referred to as junctions (a historically older term). Synapses are essential to neuronal function: neurons are cells that are specialized to pass signals to individual target cells, and synapses are the means by which they do so. At

"Sex and gender distinction"
applied to sexually dimorphic traits that are hypothesized to be evolved consequences of sexual selection. Anisogamy, or the size differences of gametes (sex cells), is the defining feature of the two sexes. By definition, males have small, mobile gametes (sperm); females have large and generally immobile gametes (ova or eggs). In humans, typical male or female sexual differentiation includes the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, the type of gonads (ovary or testes), the balance of sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen), the internal reproductive anatomy (e.g. uterus or prostate gland), and the external genitalia (e.g. penis or vulva). People

Male
a female. The part of the Y-chromosome which is responsible for maleness is the sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome, the SRY. The SRY activates Sox9, which forms feedforward loops with FGF9 and PGD2 in the gonads, allowing the levels of these genes to stay high enough in order to cause male development; for example, Fgf9 is responsible for development of the spermatic cords and the multiplication of Sertoli cells, both of which are crucial to male sexual development. The ZW sex-determination system, where males have a ZZ (as opposed to ZW) sex chromosome may be found in birds and some

Male
insects (mostly butterflies and moths) and other organisms. Members of the insect order Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees, are often determined by haplodiploidy, where most males are haploid and females and some sterile males are diploid. In some species of reptiles, such as alligators, sex is determined by the temperature at which the egg is incubated. Other species, such as some snails, practice sex change: adults start out male, then become female. In tropical clown fish, the dominant individual in a group becomes female while the other ones are male. In some arthropods, sex is determined by infection. Bacteria

Male
genetically determined as such by the XY sex-determination system where males have an XY (as opposed to XX) sex chromosome. It is also possible in a variety of species, including humans, to be XXY or have other intersex/hermaphroditic qualities, though one would still be considered genotypically (if not necessarily phenotypically) male so long as one has a Y-chromosome. During reproduction, a male can give either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while a female can only give an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce

Haplodiploidy
Haplodiploidy Haplodiploidy is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. Haplodiploidy is sometimes called arrhenotoky. Haplodiploidy determines the sex in all members of the insect orders Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps)and Thysanoptera ('thrips'). The system also occurs sporadically in some spider mites, Hemiptera, Coleoptera (bark beetles), and rotifers. In this system, sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. An offspring formed from the union of a sperm and an egg develops as a female, and an unfertilized egg develops

Female
a female. The ZW sex-determination system, where males have ZZ (as opposed to ZW) sex chromosomes, is found in birds, reptiles and some insects and other organisms. Members of Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees, are determined by haplodiploidy, where most males are haploid and females and some sterile males are diploid. The young of some species develop into one sex or the other depending on local environmental conditions, e.g. many crocodilians' sex is influenced by the temperature of their eggs. Other species (such as the goby) can transform, as adults, from one sex to the other in response to

Male
Male A male (♂) organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs. Not all species share a common sex-determination system. In most animals, including humans, sex is determined genetically, but in some species it can

Sex
other aspects (anisogamy). By convention, the larger gamete (called an ovum, or egg cell) is considered female, while the smaller gamete (called a spermatozoon, or sperm cell) is considered male. An individual that produces exclusively large gametes is female, and one that produces exclusively small gametes is male. An individual that produces both types of gametes is a hermaphrodite; in some cases hermaphrodites are able to self-fertilize and produce offspring on their own, without a second organism. Most sexually reproducing animals spend their lives as diploid, with the haploid stage reduced to single-cell gametes. The gametes of animals have male

Female
Female Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells). Barring rare medical conditions, most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Female characteristics vary between different species with some species containing more well defined female characteristics. Both genetics and environment shape the prenatal development of a female. The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon, is produced by the male. A female individual cannot reproduce sexually without access to the gametes of a

"Human fertilization"
Human fertilization Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century. The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The most common sequence begins with ejaculation during copulation, follows with ovulation, and finishes with fertilization. Various exceptions to this sequence are possible, including artificial insemination, ""in vitro"" fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation shortly after ovulation.

fertilization process. Human fertilization Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century. The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The most common sequence begins with ejaculation during copulation, follows with ovulation, and finishes with fertilization. Various exceptions to this sequence are possible, including artificial insemination, ""in vitro"" fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation shortly

Fertilisation
Fertilisation Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, insemination, pollination, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation. In Antiquity, Aristotle conceived the formation of new individuals through fusion of male and female fluids, with form and function emerging gradually, in a mode called by

"Double fertilization"
Double fertilization ""Double fertilization"" is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm). It begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the carpel, the female reproductive structure of a flower. The pollen grain then takes in moisture and begins to germinate, forming a pollen tube that extends down toward the ovary through the style. The tip of the pollen tube then enters the ovary and penetrates through the micropyle opening in the ovule. The pollen tube proceeds

to release the two sperm in the megagametophyte. The ovules are 8 in number and arranged in the form of 3+2+3 (from top to bottom) i.e 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar central cells, 2 synergids & 1 egg cell. One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte. The haploid sperm and haploid egg combine to form a diploid zygote,the process being called syngamy , while the other sperm and the two haploid polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte form a

and was named “test-tube fertilization”. The female gametophyte, the megagametophyte, that participates in double fertilization in angiosperms which is haploid is called the embryo sac. This develops within an ovule, enclosed by the ovary at the base of a carpel. Surrounding the megagametophyte are (one or) two integuments, which form an opening called the micropyle. The megagametophyte, which is usually haploid, originates from the (usually diploid) megaspore mother cell, also called the megasporocyte. The next sequence of events varies, depending on the particular species, but in most species, the following events occur. The megasporocyte undergoes a meiotic cell division, producing

double fertilization occurs in the sexual reproduction of an order of gymnosperms commonly known as Gnetales. Specifically, this event has been documented in both ""Ephedra"" and ""Gnetum"", a subset of Gnetophytes. In ""Ephedra nevadensis"", a single binucleate sperm cell is deposited into the egg cell. Following the initial fertilization event, the second sperm nucleus is diverted to fertilize an additional egg nucleus found in the egg cytoplasm. In most other seed plants, this second 'ventral canal nucleus' is normally found to be functionally useless. In ""Gnetum gnemon"", numerous free egg nuclei exist in female cytoplasm inside the female gametophyte. Succeeding

a number of plants, is also linked to the tube nucleus and the interconnected sperm and the tube nucleus form the ""male germ unit"". Double fertilisation is the process in angiosperms (flowering plants) in which two sperm from each pollen tube fertilise two cells in a female gametophyte (sometimes called an embryo sac) that is inside an ovule. After the pollen tube enters the gametophyte, the pollen tube nucleus disintegrates and the two sperm cells are released; one of the two sperm cells ""fertilises"" the egg cell (at the bottom of the gametophyte near the micropyle), forming a diploid (2n)

in 2008 of the plant ""Arabidopsis thaliana"", the migration of male nuclei inside the female gamete, in fusion with the female nuclei, has been documented for the first time using in vivo imaging. Some of the genes involved in the migration and fusion process have also been determined. Evidence of double fertilization a Gnetales, which are non-flowering seed plants, has been reported. Double fertilization was discovered more than a century ago by Sergei Nawaschin and Grignard in Kiev, Russian Empire, and Léon Guignard in France. Each made the discovery independently of the other. ""Lilium martagon"" and ""Fritillaria tenella"" were used

"Internal fertilization"
Internal fertilization Internal fertilization is the union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent. For this to happen there needs to be a method for the male to introduce the sperm into the female's reproductive tract. In mammals, reptiles, some birds, some fish and certain other groups of animals, this is done by copulation, the penis or other intromittent organ being introduced into the vagina or cloaca. In most birds, the cloacal kiss is used, the two animals pressing their cloacas together while transferring sperm. Salamanders, spiders, some insects and some

"Aksumite currency"
ለየከነ ፡ ለአዘሐበ"" ""FŚḤ LYKN LʾḤZB"" (vocalization: ፍሥሓ ፡ ለይኲን ፡ ለአሕዛብ ፡ ""fiśśiḥā la-yikʷin la-'aḥzāb"", ""Let the people be glad,"" lit. ""Gladness let there be to the peoples""). Endubis, the first known Aksumite king to mint coins, focused almost entirely on his image on both the obverse and reverse. The images were of his head and upper half of his chest in profile, wearing a regnal headcloth or helmet and abundant jewelry. In addition to inscribing his regnal name, Endybis also noted his """"bisi"" name, a practice continued by his early successors, but often missing in later coins. The

"Commemorative scarabs of Amenhotep III"
ten years of his reign. These have the shortest inscription (7 lines), their average length is 7,7 cm. The lion hunt scarabs vary the most in size; the smallest scarab is 4,7 cm long, the largest is more than twice its size with a length of 9,5 cm. The so-called marriage scarabs actually refer not to the marriage itself, and neither do they mention a marriage date. They record the name of Amenhotep's chief queen Tiye (following that of her husband), along with the names of her parents, as if to explicitly state her non-royal birth: ""the name of her

inscriptions the scarabs can be divided into five groups (in parentheses the number of scarabs of the type found on several sites): The scarabs are likely to have been made at the same time, in or after the 11th regnal year. The scarab beetle was a symbol of the sun god Khepri, and glazed materials were called ""tjehenet"" ('shining') in Egyptian, so the shining scarabs refer to the king, the dazzling Sun himself. The lion hunt scarabs emphasise the pharaoh's strength and bravery by recording that Amenhotep killed over a hundred lions (102; 110 on some scarabs) during the first

"Herodian coinage"
Herodian coinage Herodian coinage are coins minted and issued by the Herodian Dynasty, Jews of Idumean descent who ruled the province of Judaea between 37 BC–92 AD. The dynasty was founded by Herod the Great who was the son of Antipater, a powerful official under the Hasmonean King Hyrcanus II. The coinage of Herod the Great continued the Jewish tradition of not depicting a graven image. However, a prutah of Herod was the first coin since the Persian period to depict a living creature - an eagle, which may have been an allusion to the golden eagle that Herod erected

"Ptolemaic coinage"
II, possibly to gain legitimacy in eyes of the local Egyptian population. Egyptian rulers had traditionally married their sisters to signify a connection to sacred union between the deities Osiris and Isis. A medal-like coin with one side portraying Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II, and the other side portraying Ptolemy I and Berenice I was struck after the death of Arsinoe II. She had significant posthumous influence on Egyptian religious life, and the ruling Greek dynasty was deified. In the coin making process, there were similarities with Seleucid coinage. For instance, Ptolemaic coins often have a central depression from the

as well as the Greek letter Chi within a diadem and a tripod holding a ceremonial bowl. These designs are surrounded by the Greek inscription (of Herod Basileus, Of King Herod). The Greek letter Chi representing the ""crown of ""Kehunah"" (High Priest)"" and the diadem representing the ""crown of ""Malchus"" (Kingness)"" (BT: Horayot, Keritot) are taken to mean that Herod claimed both offices for himself. The most common prutah issued by Herod the Great is similar in design to that of the Hashmonean coinage, an anchor with Greek inscription ""ΉΡωΔ ΒΆCΙ"" (King Herod), and a caduceus between double cornucopiae, which

Coin
of private individuals and are thus more akin to tokens or badges than to modern coins, though due to their numbers it is evident that some were official state issues, with King Alyattes of Lydia, 619–560 BC, being a frequently mentioned originator of coinage. The first Lydian coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold that was further alloyed with added silver and copper. Most of the early Lydian coins include no writing (""legend"" or ""inscription""), only an image of a symbolic animal. Therefore, the dating of these coins relies primarily on archaeological evidence, with

Greek inscription 'BACIΛEWC APIΣΤΌΒΥΛΟΎ' (King Aristobulus), while the reverse shows Salome and, on one example, the Greek inscription 'BACIΛIC ΣΆΛΩΜΉ' (Queen Salome). Herodian coinage Herodian coinage are coins minted and issued by the Herodian Dynasty, Jews of Idumean descent who ruled the province of Judaea between 37 BC–92 AD. The dynasty was founded by Herod the Great who was the son of Antipater, a powerful official under the Hasmonean King Hyrcanus II. The coinage of Herod the Great continued the Jewish tradition of not depicting a graven image. However, a prutah of Herod was the first coin since the Persian

"Seleucid coinage"
rule between 315 BC and 312 BC. Another theory is that the anchor was a form of propaganda aimed at merchants to lure them back into Northern Syrian cities and their new harbors built by Seleucus. After Seleucus I's death, his successors began to strike coins with their own image. Coins of the Seleucid Empire had imagery including a reigning king with a lion head dress, or Zeus on a throne with a sceptre and eagle in each hand. Certain coins portrayed a god or goddess, or in some cases they had a medusa, a charging bull or an anchor.

"Scarab (artifact)"
the names and titles of officials became rarer, while scarabs bearing the names of gods, often combined with short prayers or mottos, like ""With Ra behind there is nothing to fear"" became more popular. These ""wish"" scarabs are often difficult to translate. Amenhotep III (immediate predecessor of Akhnaten) is famous for having commemorative scarabs made. These were large (mostly between 3.5 cm and 10 cm long) and made of steatite. They are beautifully crafted scarabs, apparently created under royal supervision or control and carry lengthy inscriptions describing one of five important events in his reign (and all of which mention

"Prabhu Deva"
Prabhu Deva Prabhu Deva (born 3 April 1973) is an Indian dance choreographer, film director, producer and actor, who has worked in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam and Kannada films. In a career spanning 25 years, he has performed and designed a wide range of dancing styles and has garnered two National Film Awards for Best Choreography. He is often referred to as the Indian Michael Jackson. Beginning with a series of acting roles in the 1990s and early 2000s, Prabhu Deva featured in several commercially successful films including ""Kadhalan"" (1994), ""Minsara Kanavu"" (1997) and ""VIP"" (1997). After further critically acclaimed

"Action Jackson (2014 film)"
and they both start falling in love. On another occasion, a police inspector arrests Jai and hands him over to a group of gangsters led by Pedro (Ketan Karande). Jai single-handedly kills them all and is revealed to be a professional assassin and previous right-hand man of underworld criminal Xavier Fonseca (Anandaraj), nicknamed AJ. After AJ single-handedly rescued Xavier's sister Marina (Manasvi Mamgai) from a bunch of kidnappers, Marina falls for Jai but he rejects her as he is been married to Anusha (Yami Gautam). Angered, Xavier tries to kill Anusha twice to get AJ married to Marina, which leaves

her brutally injured. Jai then escaped to India and is in the process of getting her treated. When Vishi spots Jai, he reveals his identity and story to Vishi. Jai then requests Vishi to go to Bangkok disguised as AJ to fool Xavier and his sister; meanwhile, AJ makes time to get his wife operated on, as she is expecting a baby. Vishi agrees to help and goes to Bangkok along with his friend Musa (Kunaal Roy Kapur). Meanwhile, Insp. Shirke finds AJ's lookalike and tries to inform Xavier but ended up murdered. The style of murder triggers suspicion to

"Denzel Washington"
Denzel Washington Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. (born December 28, 1954) is an American actor, director, and producer. He has received three Golden Globe awards, a Tony Award, and two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film ""Glory"" (1989) and Best Actor for his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller ""Training Day"" (2001). Washington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s, including his portrayals of real-life figures, such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in ""Cry Freedom"" (1987), Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in ""Malcolm

Action Jackson (2014 film) Action Jackson is a 2014 Indian action masala film directed by Prabhu Deva and produced by Gordhan Tanwani and Sunil Lulla. It features Ajay Devgn in dual roles, alongside Sonakshi Sinha, Yami Gautam and Manasvi Mamgai as the female leads. Kunaal Roy Kapur appears in a supporting role with Anandaraj portraying the main antagonist. Prabhu Deva and Ajay Devgn have paired for the first time with this film. Action Jackson released on 5 December 2014. Vishi (Ajay Devgn) is a small-time crook who would do anything for money. He falls in love with Khushi (Sonakshi Sinha),

"Scary Movie 5"
she becomes possessed and throws Sheen into the camera and kills him. The text explains that Sheen's body was found that day but he didn't stop partying until days later, and that his three kids were found missing, Lohan was arrested, again, and a reward was put out for the missing children. Several months later, Ja'Marcus (Snoop Dogg) and D'Andre (Mac Miller) are walking in the Humboldt County woods in California in search of cannabis plants to steal. After stealing one and fleeing, they take shelter in a cabin in the woods. Upon entering they see three strange creatures, later

"Taking Five"
friends take matters of delivering the band into their own hands. They decide to kidnap the band with the help of Lincoln (Marcus T. Paulk) and Pete (Jake Koeppl). They manage to kidnap four members of ""5 Leo Rise"", Ritchie, K.K, Scooter, and Mason and they leave K.K behind because Pete's car is too small to fit them all. Scooter and Mason agree to play at their school. Ritchie (Eric Dill) refuses to do it, so they decide to throw eggs at him and get Devon to dress up as the Velvet Raven (Ritchie’s favorite comic book babe) to convince

"The Jacksons: An American Dream"
where director Arthur had previously filmed her feature film ""Lady Beware"". ""The Jacksons: An American Dream"" is based on Katherine Jackson's ""My Family"" autobiography. A critical and commercial success, the program won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Choreography. The title alludes to the iconic concept of the 'American Dream'. The miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and

"Action Jackson (1988 film)"
Action Jackson (1988 film) Action Jackson is a 1988 American action film directed by Craig R. Baxley in his feature film directorial debut, and starring Carl Weathers, Vanity, Craig T. Nelson and Sharon Stone. The film was released in the United States on February 12, 1988. Paula Abdul was the film choreographer. The film was released by Lorimar Film Entertainment. Vanity was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award as Worst Actress. The story prologues with two auto-worker union officials addressing the recent death of a peer. Within moments, both are brutally murdered by a group of shadowy, almost supernatural killers

"I Am Michael"
the screenplay doesn’t portray the story in simple terms of good or evil, but that doesn’t mean that there’s quite enough nuance or insight to constantly elevate the material above the level of a well-made-but-TV-ready biopic."" Indiewire's Eric Kohn gave the film a B+ grade. I Am Michael I Am Michael is a 2015 American biographical drama film written and directed by Justin Kelly. Based on Benoit Denizet-Lewis' ""New York Times Magazine"" article ""My Ex-Gay Friend"", the film stars James Franco, Zachary Quinto, Emma Roberts, and Charlie Carver. Franco plays Michael Glatze, a gay activist who renounces homosexuality and becomes

and Hélio Castroneves. New routines were performed by Apolo Anton Ohno and Julianne Hough, Mel B and Maksim Chmerkovskiy, and by Mario Lopez with the cast of ""A Chorus Line"", in which he was starring on Broadway. The musical guest was country group Rascal Flatts. The judges also presented a countdown of their choices for the top 10 perfect-scoring dances of the 1st 5 seasons. Their choices were: In season 11, viewers were allowed two votes per day on the ""DWTS"" website to vote for their favorite out of 30 given choices. On Oct 25, 2010, a countdown of the

online contest is also usually held so that viewers can submit drawings of outfits for the performance. The show celebrated its 100th episode on Tuesday, May 6, 2008, during week 8 of season 6. More than 30 former cast members and pros returned, with interviews with Stacy Keibler, Lisa Rinna, Jerry Springer, Vivica A. Fox, Joey Fatone, Kenny Mayne, Sabrina Bryan, and former winners Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, and Apolo Anton Ohno. Other appearances, besides the season 6 cast, included Paula Abdul (in a video introduction), Jane Seymour, Ian Ziering, Mark Cuban, Wayne Newton, Leeza Gibbons, Harry Hamlin, Shandi Finnessey,

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
and season 24 troupe members Artur Adamski, Brandon Armstrong, Hayley Erbert, and Britt Stewart. This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point scale (scores by guest judges are excluded). The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale (scores by guest judges are excluded) are as follows: Scores are based upon a potential 30-point maximum (team dances and scores by guest judges are excluded). ""Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli."" The couples danced the

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 18)"
the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Redfoo, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli"". ""Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Ricky Martin, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli"". ""Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Abby Lee Miller, Bruno Tonioli"". Although billed as ""dance duels,"" the two celebrities in each dance receive the same score. During the routine, the celebrities

"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 6)"
this season; she received three of them for her three Finals dances, giving her a perfect 90 out of 90. The contestants were announced during the season finale of """" by season two contestants Lisa Rinna, Jerry Rice, and Kenny Mayne. The contestants were: The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' marks are as follows: Marlee Matlin & Shannon Elizabeth are the only stars to not land on this list. ""Individual judges scores in charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right"": Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.

Osmond, Pitbull, Redfoo, Alfonso Ribeiro, Robin Roberts, David Ross, Shania Twain, and Zendaya. Color key: A total of 309 celebrities have appeared in the 27 seasons of the series. For each season, the celebrities are paired with a professional partner who instructs them in the various dances each week and competes alongside them in the televised competition. A total of 45 professional partners have appeared alongside celebrities, some for only one season (mostly in the earliest seasons). Key: In season 12, the show introduced the troupe consisting of professional dancers who perform on the show but are not paired with

Top 10 voted for dances on the show was reported to celebrate the following week when the 200th show would be. On the actual 200th show, several dances were performed again on the show and six of the past fan favorites came back to judge; Helio Castroneves, Emmitt Smith, Drew Lachey, Kelly Osbourne, Gilles Marini, Mel B, and more. The couples re-created their most memorable routines on the 200th episode; Kristi Yamaguchi and Apolo Ohno served as team captains for the team dances. Yamaguchi's team consisted of Rick & Cheryl, Kyle & Lacey and Bristol & Mark, while Brandy &

celebrity partners. The first troupe in season 12 included Oksana Dmytrenko, Tristan MacManus, Peta Murgatroyd, Kiki Nyemchek, Nicole Volynets, and Ted Volynets. Members of the season 27 troupe are Artur Adamski, Hayley Erbert, Britt Stewart, Morgan Larson and Vladislav Kvartin. Other past troupe members include Brandon Armstrong, Lindsay Arnold, Alan Bersten, Sharna Burgess, Henry Byalikov, Witney Carson, Brittany Cherry, Dasha Chesnokova, Artem Chigvintsev, Sasha Farber, Shannon Holtzapffel, Dennis Jauch, Jenna Johnson, Kiril Kulish, Tristan MacManus, Keo Motsepe, Kiki Nyemchek, Sonny Fredie Pedersen, Gleb Savchenko, Emma Slater and Julz Tocker. Key: For 17 seasons, the Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided

4 of season 21, due to Bergeron's ailing father. The regular judges are Len Goodman, who serves as head judge, Carrie Ann Inaba, and Bruno Tonioli. Goodman was absent for much of season 19, all of season 21, and much of season 23. Julianne Hough, who was a professional dancing partner for seasons 4–8, was added as a full-time judge on the panel for three seasons, 19–21, after having been a guest judge in the previous two seasons. She did not return for season 22. Hough did return as a full-time judge for seasons 23 and 24 but did not

below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Julianne Hough, Bruno Tonioli"". The couples were required to switch professional partners this week and learn a new style of dance. Due to the nature of the week, no elimination took place at the end of the show. ""Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Donny Osmond, Bruno Tonioli"". Couples performed one unlearned dance to a song from a Disney film. ""Individual judges scores in

"They Think It's All Over (TV series)"
They Think It's All Over (TV series) They Think It's All Over is a British comedy panel game with a sporting theme produced by Talkback and shown on BBC1. The show's name is taken from Kenneth Wolstenholme's famous 1966 World Cup commentary quotation, ""they think it's all over...it is now!"" and the show used the phrase to sign off each episode. In 2006 the show was axed after 11 years on air. The show was originally presented by comedian Nick Hancock. Ex-England football team captain Gary Lineker and ex-England cricket team captain David Gower were team captains from 1995 until

Sharron Davies, Linford Christie and Michael Johnson also appeared in this role. Additionally, Ian Wright was a guest captain before becoming a permanent team captain. Each team also had a regular panellist. For the team which was originally captained by Gary Lineker this was Rory McGrath for the show's entire run. David Gower was originally teamed up with Lee Hurst. Hurst left the show in 1997 (although he made a reappearance in 2004 on David Seaman's team) and was replaced for the next two series by a rotating line-up of comedians – Jonathan Ross, Jo Brand, Alan Davies, Julian Clary

and Phill Jupitus. Despite regularly admitting to having limited sporting knowledge, Ross became the permanent panellist until leaving the show in 2006, and was replaced by Sean Lock for the World Cup and summer sports special editions. The third member of each team varied from week to week, and would typically be a notable sportsperson, broadcaster or comedian. The show was originally produced for BBC Radio 5, where it was hosted by Des Lynam. The devisers, Simon Bullivant and Bill Matthews, started work on a TV version in 1993 but it was two years before it made it to air.

they announced their retirement from the show in 2003. They were replaced as team captains by ex-England football goalkeeper David Seaman and ex-England cricketer Phil Tufnell. Former footballer Ian Wright took over from David Seaman in autumn 2004. From October 2005, Boris Becker replaced Tufnell and Lee Mack took over from Hancock as host. Occasionally, a team captain was unable to appear on the show due to other commitments so guest captains were drafted in. Six times World Snooker Champion Steve Davis was a regular choice as guest captain, while Matthew Pinsent, Mark Lawrenson, Mick McCarthy, Sam Torrance, Steve Backley,

"Nick Hancock"
Nick Hancock Nick Hancock (born 25 October 1962, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is an English actor and television presenter. He hosted the sports quiz ""They Think It's All Over"" for 10 years. He also formerly presented ""Room 101"" (1994–1999) on TV, as well as its earlier radio version (1992–1994). Taking a sabbatical from show business, from 2005 he began working for a friend's mortgage brokerage. He left the position in February 2007, although no reason for his departure was made public. Hancock grew up with three elder sisters, with father Ken, a builder. He was educated at Yarlet School in Staffordshire and

Des Lynam did record a pilot in early 1994 but decided not to do the already commissioned series, which was then put on hold. In 1999 and 2001, as part of the BBC's Comic Relief broadcasts, one-off special programmes were made called ""Have I Got Buzzcocks All Over"". They combined elements of the show with ""Have I Got News for You"" and ""Never Mind the Buzzcocks"", with Angus Deayton as host. Kenneth Wolstenholme was unhappy with the use of the phrase for the title of the show. He wrote in his autobiography that he had contacted the BBC to find

"They think it's all over"
the last words that the character Cooper says are, ""You think it's all over? It is now."" The quotation was also used as the title of the BBC's satirical sports quiz show ""They Think It's All Over"", which appeared on BBC One from 1995 to 2006. The show has heightened the popularity of the phrase in recent years, though Kenneth Wolstenholme was reportedly unhappy with the use of the phrase for the title of the show. An alternative mix for The Beatles song ""Glass Onion"", which appeared on ""Anthology 3"", contained a portion of Kenneth Wolstenholme's commentary. At the end

They think it's all over ""They think it's all over"" is a quote from Kenneth Wolstenholme's BBC TV commentary in the closing moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, when England beat West Germany 4–2 after extra time to win the FIFA World Cup. In the final few seconds of the match, Wolstenholme said: Soon after the 1966 victory, Wolstenholme's quote became a widely used expression. The phrase, along with other calls from English football matches, appears in New Order's song ""World In Motion"", although in that case Wolstenholme re-recorded it with the slightly different words ""Well, some of

out what relevance the title had to his most famous line, uttered 30 years earlier. However, when the show was first commissioned, he did accept a fee to re-record his famous commentary for the opening titles, as the original was unusable. Throughout the series, the rounds varied each week. Examples include: All episodes ending with a tie score or series ending with the number of episodes tied finish with a tie-breaker. Sometimes, the tie-breaker refers to incidents from previously in the episode. These have included: They Think It's All Over (TV series) They Think It's All Over is a British

"I Can't Believe That It's All Over"
I Can't Believe That It's All Over ""I Can't Believe That It's All Over"" is a song written by Ben Peters and recorded and released as a single by American country artist, Skeeter Davis. The song was recorded at the RCA Victor Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States on March 9, 1973. The session was produced by Ronny Light. The song was released as a single in May 1973, reaching the number twelve ""Billboard Magazine"" Hot Country Singles chart. It was Davis' first major hit in three years on the country chart. It would also be her final major hit.

"Red Bull"
available, dominating both ends of the price spectrum. In 1992 the product expanded to international markets: Hungary and Slovenia. It entered the United States via California in 1997 and the Middle East in 2000. In 2008, ""Forbes"" magazine listed both Chaleo and Mateschitz as the 250th richest people in the world with an estimated net worth of US$4 billion. Red Bull GmbH is headquartered in Fuschl am See, an Austrian village of about 1,500 inhabitants near Salzburg. The company is 51 percent controlled by the Yoovidhya family who, for technical reasons, own the trademark in Europe and the US. In

"Red Poll"
the Red Polled in 1883, and then Red Poll in 1888, when the Red Poll Cattle Society was formed. They are considered to be part of the ""Suffolk Trinity"" with Suffolk sheep and Suffolk Punch heavy horses. Red Poll cattle were imported into Australia in the mid-19th century, where they are now used for beef production. The first identified breeder in Australia was James Graves, around 1870, although there is evidence of earlier herds. These cattle were introduced to the United States by G. P. Taber of New York State in 1873. The Red Poll dual-purpose bred is the oldest

"Red Bull"
no distinct evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients has any effect. In 1976 Chaleo Yoovidhya introduced a drink called Krating Daeng in Thailand, which means ""red gaur"" in English. It was popular among Thai truck drivers and labourers. While working for German manufacturer Blendax (later acquired by Procter & Gamble) in 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz travelled to Thailand and met Chaleo, owner of T.C. Pharmaceutical. During his visit, Mateschitz discovered that Krating Daeng helped cure his jet lag. In 1984, Mateschitz co-founded Red Bull GmbH with Yoovidhya and turned it into an international brand. Each partner invested US$500,000 of

"Red deer"
in numbers and range. A census of deer populations in 2007 and again in 2011 coordinated by the British Deer Society records the red deer as having continued to expand their range in England and Wales since 2000, with expansion most notable in the Midlands and East Anglia. In New Zealand, red deer were introduced by acclimatisation societies along with other deer and game species. The first red deer to reach New Zealand were a pair sent by Lord Petre in 1851 from his herd at Thorndon Park, Essex, to the South Island, but the hind was shot before they

"Donkeys in the United States"
that includes a feral population), and the spotted ass. The first asses came to the Americas on ships of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus, and were landed at Hispaniola in 1495. In the early days of the Conquest, jackasses were highly valued as sires for mules, which were esteemed as riding animals by the Spanish, and reserved for the nobility. Mules were bred for expeditions to mainland America, with males preferred for pack animals and the females for riding. The first shipment of mules, along with three jacks and twelve jennies, arrived in Mexico from Cuba ten years after

"Red Bull"
Red Bull Red Bull is an energy drink sold by Red Bull GmbH, an Austrian company created in 1987. Red Bull has the highest market share of any energy drink in the world, with 6.302 billion cans sold in a year (). Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz was inspired by an existing energy drink named Krating Daeng, which was first introduced and sold in Thailand by Chaleo Yoovidhya. He took this idea, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of Westerners, and, in partnership with Chaleo, founded Red Bull GmbH in 1987 in Chakkapong, Thailand. In Thai, ""daeng"" means red, and

"Professional Bull Riders"
moved their headquarters to a new 4-story building just outside Pueblo, Colorado. Since the beginning of the first tour in 1994 with the Bud Light Cup Series, the organization has grown into three tours which stage over 300 events in the United States every year. Prize money has exploded from over $330,000 in 1994 to over $11 million in 2008. The original CEO of the PBR was Sam Applebaum. Randy Bernard became CEO of the PBR in 1995, a position he held until he resigned in 2010 to become the CEO of INDYCAR. When Bernard took over the position of

"Horses in the United States"
horse, beginning with Christopher Columbus in 1493. These were Iberian horses first brought to Hispaniola and later to Panama, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, and, in 1538, Florida. The first horses to return to the main continent were 16 specifically identified horses brought by Hernán Cortés in 1519. Subsequent explorers, such as Coronado and De Soto brought ever-larger numbers, some from Spain and others from breeding establishments set up by the Spanish in the Caribbean. These domesticated horses were the ancestral stock of the group of breeds or strains known today as the Colonial Spanish Horse. They predominated through the southeast

"Bull riding"
is debated. Deer Trail, Colorado claims the first rodeo was in 1869, but so does Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1872. Although steer riding contests existed into the 1920s, the sport did not gain popularity until bulls were returned to the arena and replaced steers as the mount of choice. The first-known rodeo to use brahma bulls was in Columbia, Mississippi, produced in 1935 by Canadian brothers Earl and Weldon Bascom with Jake Lybbert and Waldo Ross. This rodeo was the first to feature a bull riding event at a night rodeo held outdoors under electric lights. A pivotal moment for modern

into a form where the bull was simply ridden until it stopped bucking. By the mid-19th century, charreada competition was popular on Texas and California cattle ranches where Anglo and Hispanic ranch hands often worked together. Many early Texas rangers, who had to be expert horse riders and later went on to become ranchers, learned and adapted Hispanic techniques and traditions to ranches in the United States. Many also enjoyed traditional Mexican celebrations, and H. L. Kinney, a rancher, promoter and former Texas Ranger staged what is thought to be the first Anglo-American organized bullfight in the southwest in 1852.

Tom Brady Thomas ""Tom"" Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He is one of only two players in NFL history to have won five Super Bowls (along with defensive player Charles Haley), and he is the only player to have won them all with a single franchise. Because of his numerous accomplishments and accolades, many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by

the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest ""steal"" in the history of the NFL Draft. In Brady's sixteen seasons as a starter, he has quarterbacked the Patriots to eight Super Bowl appearances, the most for any player in history. Brady is also one of only two quarterbacks to win the Super Bowl in their first season as a starter, the other being Kurt Warner. Brady has been honored with four Super Bowl MVP awards (Super Bowl XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, and LI), the most

trip to the AFC Championship Game. The Patriots then defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers, 36–17. Against the Steelers, Brady completed 32-of-42 passes for 384 yards, three touchdowns, and no interceptions. The win gave Brady and Patriots head coach Bill Belichick their record seventh conference title as a quarterback–head coach tandem, and the Patriots an NFL record ninth Super Bowl appearance. Brady and the Patriots faced the NFC champion Atlanta Falcons—who boasted the league's highest scoring offense—in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas on Sunday, February 5, 2017. Brady threw for 43 completions on 62 attempts for 466 passing

as Offensive Player of the Year. He was also honored by the Associated Press as their Male Athlete of the Year, the first time an NFL player has been so honored since Joe Montana won the award in 1990. He was named as a First Team All-Pro and to his fourth career Pro Bowl as a result of his historic season. In the Patriots' first playoff game, an AFC Divisional Round game against Jacksonville, Brady began the game with an NFL postseason record 16 consecutive completed passes, and finished the game with 26 completions in 28 attempts, a completion rate

"Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City"
Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City Tropicana Atlantic City is a casino hotel located on the beach and Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by Eldorado Resorts, and is one of the largest hotels in New Jersey with just under 2,400 guest rooms and the 200,000-square-foot shopping and entertainment complex, The Quarter. It has over 25 restaurants, 25 shops, 20 bars and lounges, 4 pools, the Tropicana Showroom, an IMAX Theatre and a spa. In 2018, Tropicana completed over $200 million in renovations and additions, including a Multimedia Light and

"Atlantic City, New Jersey"
two years later approved by 56%–44% a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to Atlantic City. Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open, in May 1978, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony featuring Governor of New Jersey Brendan Byrne. Atlantic City is considered the ""Gambling Capital of the East Coast"", and currently has nine large casinos. In 2011, New Jersey's then 12 casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division

"Gambling in New Jersey"
help Atlantic City by redirecting as much as $200 million a year in tax revenue to the city. Opponents say that it is unlikely that much revenue would be generated and that it would not make up for the losses due to new competition. In recent years four Atlantic City casinos have closed, causing severe economic problems. New Jersey currently has nine casinos, all of which are located in Atlantic City. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by

Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2010, it had a population of 39,558. The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township, and the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic City inspired the U.S. version of the board game ""Monopoly"", especially the street names. Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant. In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in

"MGM Grand Atlantic City"
MGM Grand Atlantic City MGM Grand Atlantic City was a planned resort casino by MGM Mirage in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was to be located on of land between the Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa (which MGM owns) and Harrah's Atlantic City. Announcing the resort in October 2007, MGM Mirage estimated the construction would ""have a budget in the $4.5-$5 billion range"", with ground to be broken in 2008 and the hotel to open in 2012. In October 2008, MGM Mirage declared in its third-quarter financial report that development activities for the resort other than design and pre-development had

Hotel in 1977 and announced that it would renovate the 11-story, 425-room structure and add seven floors to the building, expanding the room count to 548, plus a 52,000 sq.ft. casino at an estimated cost of 300 million dollars. Despite the governor of New Jersey's demands, the Casino Control Commission allowed Caesars to use the Howard Johnson building due to it being relatively new construction. The casino opened on June 26, 1979 being the second casino to open after Resorts International in 1978. The casino first opened as the Boardwalk Regency omitting the Caesars name as the Casino Control Commission

room inventory was boosted to 879 rooms after it was completed. The tower's exterior features an Art Deco design that was part of a ""return to the classics"" theme which Colony Capital implemented for the property. The new tower is part of an expansion of the casino and the introduction of several new restaurants. Resorts Casino Hotel Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort

both recorded the events and their own reactions day by day, and made great efforts to keep themselves informed of what was happening all over the City and beyond. After two rainy summers in 1664 and 1665, London had lain under an exceptional drought since November 1665, and the wooden buildings were tinder-dry after the long hot summer of 1666. A fire broke out at Thomas Farriner's bakery in Pudding Lane a little after midnight on Sunday 2 September. The family was trapped upstairs but managed to climb from an upstairs window to the house next door, except for a

(or Farynor) on Pudding Lane shortly after midnight on Sunday, 2 September, and spread rapidly west across the City of London. The major firefighting technique of the time was to create firebreaks by means of demolition; this was critically delayed owing to the indecisiveness of Lord Mayor of London Sir Thomas Bloodworth. By the time large-scale demolitions were ordered on Sunday night, the wind had already fanned the bakery fire into a firestorm that defeated such measures. The fire pushed north on Monday into the heart of the City. Order in the streets broke down as rumours arose of suspicious

the City's 80,000 inhabitants. The death toll is unknown but was traditionally thought to have been small, as only six verified deaths were recorded. This reasoning has recently been challenged on the grounds that the deaths of poor and middle-class people were not recorded; moreover, the heat of the fire may have cremated many victims, leaving no recognisable remains. A melted piece of pottery on display at the Museum of London found by archaeologists in Pudding Lane, where the fire started, shows that the temperature reached . The Great Fire started at the bakery (or baker's house) of Thomas Farriner

foreigners setting fires. The fears of the homeless focused on the French and Dutch, England's enemies in the ongoing Second Anglo-Dutch War; these substantial immigrant groups became victims of lynchings and street violence. On Tuesday, the fire spread over most of the City, destroying St Paul's Cathedral and leaping the River Fleet to threaten King Charles II's court at Whitehall. Coordinated firefighting efforts were simultaneously mobilising; the battle to quench the fire is considered to have been won by two factors: the strong east winds died down, and the Tower of London garrison used gunpowder to create effective firebreaks to

the confession of a simple-minded French watchmaker named Robert Hubert, who claimed that he was an agent of the Pope and had started the Great Fire in Westminster. He later changed his story to say that he had started the fire at the bakery in Pudding Lane. Hubert was convicted, despite some misgivings about his fitness to plead, and hanged at Tyburn on 28 September 1666. After his death, it became apparent that he had been on board a ship in the North Sea, and had not arrived in London until two days after the fire started. These allegations that

William Coventry, Pepys wrote that he ""saw how horribly the sky looks, all on a fire in the night, was [sic] enough to put us out of our wits; and, indeed, it was extremely dreadful, for it looks just as if it was at us, and the whole heaven on fire."" The wind dropped on Tuesday evening, and the firebreaks created by the garrison finally began to take effect on Wednesday 5 September. Stopping the fire caused much fire and demolition damage in the lawyers' area called the Temple. Pepys walked all over the smouldering city, getting his feet hot,

it"". Pepys described this arch of fire as ""a bow with God's arrow in it with a shining point"". The fire was principally expanding north and west by dawn on Monday, 3 September, the turbulence of the fire storm pushing the flames both farther south and farther north than the day before. The spread to the south was mostly halted by the river, but it had torched the houses on London Bridge and was threatening to cross the bridge and endanger the borough of Southwark on the south bank of the river. Southwark was preserved by a pre-existent firebreak on

to inspect the scene. He found that houses were still not being pulled down, in spite of Bloodworth's assurances to Pepys, and daringly overrode the authority of Bloodworth to order wholesale demolitions west of the fire zone. The delay rendered these measures largely futile, as the fire was already out of control. By Sunday afternoon, 18 hours after the alarm was raised in Pudding Lane, the fire had become a raging firestorm that created its own weather. A tremendous uprush of hot air above the flames was driven by the chimney effect wherever constrictions narrowed the air current, such as

"Kal Ho Naa Ho"
""My Heart Will Go On"", which he was humming at the time. When he heard it, Mendonsa came up with the tune and recorded it on his phone. After Shankar Mahadevan and Ehsaan Noorani listened to it, the trio composed the song. The soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 under the Sony Music India label. The audio launch ceremony was held two days later at the Taj Lands End in Mumbai. The album had positive reviews and the title song, ""It's The Time To Disco"", ""Kuch To Hua Hai"" and ""Pretty Woman"" became popular. A Bollywood Hungama critic called

"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)"
Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta; the former sings about life's unpredictability and wistfully watches the others romance. Sonu Nigam was busy when the song was to be recorded. Instead of opting for some other singer, Karan Johar decided to wait for a month before Sonu came back and recorded the song for the movie The song was featured in ""Outlook's"" list of ""Bollywood's Timeless Melodies"", making it the only contemporary selection on the list. It quickly became popular upon release. The song is one of the most popular Hindi film songs all time. Aman imagines himself

in Rohit's place, romancing Naina. The theme of the song was composed by Loy Mendonsa of the Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy trio and Shankar Mahadevan arranged the groove. In a later interview in the documentary ""Pancham unmixed"", Shankar, Ehsaan and Loy revealed that the music of the segment ""har pal yahaan"" in the song was inspired by the music of R.D.Burman. The song was featured in ""Outlook"" magazine's ""20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever"" list. The jury was composed of celebrities such as Gulzar, Hariharan, Javed Akhtar, Kumar Sanu and Shantanu Moitra. Each jury member was asked to nominate 10 favorites and the

music directors for ""Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham..."". The soundtrack for ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy in their first collaboration with Johar, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. Unlike many previous Bollywood films, Johar complied with international copyright laws and obtained permission to rework Roy Orbison's 1964 song ""Oh, Pretty Woman"" for the film; the revised song was entitled ""Pretty Woman"". The music for the title song, ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"", was composed by Loy Mendonsa when he and Advani were at the German Bakery in Pune. Advani wanted a song thematically similar to Celine Dion's 1997 recording of

since he does not wish to bring her the pain of his death by reciprocating her feelings. The film was written by Karan Johar, who co-produced it with his father Yash Johar under their Dharma Productions banner on a budget of 280 million (about US$6,132,282 in 2003). The dialogue was written by Niranjan Iyengar and Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the score. Anil Mehta, Manish Malhotra, and Sharmishta Roy were the film's cinematographer, costume designer and art director. The film has several themes, including the depiction of non-resident Indians and homosexuality. Principal photography took place in Toronto, New York City, and Mumbai from

Kal Ho Naa Ho (song) ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics were written by Javed Akhtar. In a pathos version, Nigam is joined by Alka Yagnik and Richa Sharma. ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" was directed by Nikhil Advani and written by Karan Johar; the latter co-produced it with his father Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions. The music video of ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" features leads

"Kamaal Khan"
Kamaal Khan Kamaal Khan is an Indian film industry playback singer, actor, recording artist and songwriter. His latest song releases are from the June 2017 Bollywood movie ""Tubelight"". At a very early age he wrote and produced his debut single ""O Oh Jaane Jaana"" in London. The song released in 1996 becoming a UK hit achieving platinum status. The song released worldwide in 1998 (together with his debut solo album) and simultaneously featured in the Bollywood blockbuster ""Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya"", starring Salman Khan and Kajol. The soundtrack went on to sell over 10 million copies and the huge

believe that they are a couple). Dina Holtzman wrote in her book, ""Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora"", that Aman's death was similar to the death of Jai (Amitabh Bachchan's character in the 1975 film, ""Sholay""). According to Holtzman, their deaths broke the bond between the two male leads and were necessary to establish a normative heterosexual relationship (between Rohit and Naina in ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"", and Veeru and Basanti in ""Sholay""). Johar ended his association with the composing duo Jatin–Lalit after the duo publicly stated that they were displeased with his decision to use other

songs the winners were ranked according to the number of votes each song got. ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" was ranked at 19 making it the only contemporary selection in the list. The track was featured in ""Hindustan Times's"" ""Song of the Century"" list, which described the song as ""one of the most unforgettable tunes in recent times."" Kal Ho Naa Ho (song) ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics

Kal Ho Naa Ho Kal Ho Naa Ho (, ), also abbreviated as KHNH, is a 2003 Indian romantic drama film directed by Nikkhil Advani. The film features Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta as the lead characters, with Sushma Seth, Reema Lagoo, Lilette Dubey, and Delnaaz Paul in supporting roles. It narrates the story of Naina Catherine Kapur, a pessimistic and uptight MBA student. She falls in love with her neighbour Aman Mathur, a terminally-ill heart patient who tries to get Naina and her friend Rohit Patel to fall in love with each other,

"The Passion of the Christ"
film were received from evangelical leaders Pat Robertson, Rick Warren, Lee Strobel, Jerry Falwell, Max Lucado, Tim LaHaye and Chuck Colson. ""The Passion of the Christ"" opened in the United States on February 25, 2004 (Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent). It earned $83,848,082 in its opening weekend, ranking it fourth overall in domestic opening weekend earnings for 2004 as well as the biggest weekend debut for a February release (until ""Fifty Shades of Grey"" was released). It went on to earn $370,782,930 overall in the United States, and remained the highest grossing R-rated film in the domestic market. (U.S.

and his production designers constructed part of their set using Scorsese's set. This saved Gibson a lot of time and money. Gibson's film was released on Ash Wednesday, February 25, 2004. Icon Entertainment distributed the theatrical version of the film, and 20th Century Fox distributed the VHS/DVD/Blu-ray version of the film. Gibson consulted several theological advisers during filming, including Fr. Jonathan Morris. During filming, assistant director Jan Michelini was struck twice by lightning. Minutes later, Jim Caviezel was also struck. Three albums were released with Mel Gibson's co-operation: (1) the film soundtrack of John Debney's original orchestral score conducted by

2019 or early 2020. The Passion of the Christ The Passion of the Christ (also known simply as The Passion) is a 2004 American biblical drama film directed by Mel Gibson, written by Gibson and Benedict Fitzgerald, and starring Jim Caviezel as Jesus Christ, Maia Morgenstern as the Virgin Mary, and Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene. It depicts the Passion of Jesus largely according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. It also draws on pious accounts such as the Friday of Sorrows along with other devotional writings, such as the reputed Marian apparitions attributed to Blessed Anne

The Passion of the Christ The Passion of the Christ (also known simply as The Passion) is a 2004 American biblical drama film directed by Mel Gibson, written by Gibson and Benedict Fitzgerald, and starring Jim Caviezel as Jesus Christ, Maia Morgenstern as the Virgin Mary, and Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene. It depicts the Passion of Jesus largely according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. It also draws on pious accounts such as the Friday of Sorrows along with other devotional writings, such as the reputed Marian apparitions attributed to Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich. The film

was the 9th highest grossing film domestically at the end of its theatrical run. It received three Academy Award nominations in 2005. As of 2018, it is the highest grossing R-rated film in the United States. In the late hours of the night at the forested garden of Gethsemane, Jesus Christ, at the height of his cause, prays while his disciples Peter, James, and John sleep. While he prays in seclusion, Satan appears to Jesus in an androgynous form, and tempts him, stating, ""It is not right for one man to die for their (humanity's) sins."" Jesus' sweat turns into

primarily covers the final twelve hours of Jesus' life, beginning with the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane, the insomnia and grievance of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the brutal scourge and crucifixion, ending with a brief depiction of his resurrection. It was shot in Italy, and the dialogue is entirely in reconstructed Aramaic(Jewish dialect), Hebrew, and Latin. The film has been controversial and received largely polarised reviews, with some critics calling the film a religious classic while others found the extreme violence distracting and excessive, and claimed that the film subliminally promoted antisemitism. The film grossed $612 million worldwide and

"Passion of Jesus"
Passion of Jesus In Christianity, the Passion (from Late Latin: ""passionem"" ""suffering, enduring"") is the short final period in the life of Jesus covering his entrance visit to Jerusalem and leading to his crucifixion on Mount Calvary, defining the climactic event central to Christian doctrine of salvation history. The commemoration begins with the portent grievance of the Blessed Virgin Mary, followed by Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem and includes his institution of the Eucharist at Last Supper, his bleeding and Agony in the Garden followed by his arrest by the Sanhedrin priests and ultimate trial before Pontius Pilate. Those parts

Nick Ingman; (2) """", by producers Mark Joseph and Tim Cook, with original compositions by various artists, and (3) ""The Passion of the Christ: Songs Inspired By"". The first two albums each received a 2005 Dove award, and the soundtrack received an Academy Award nomination of Best Original Music Score. A preliminary score was composed and recorded by Lisa Gerrard and Patrick Cassidy, but was incomplete at film's release. Jack Lenz was the primary musical researcher and one of the composers; several clips of his compositions have been posted online. Although Mel Gibson wanted to call his film ""The Passion"",

"The Passion (Milton)"
The Passion (Milton) The Passion is an unfinished ode by John Milton that was possibly written in 1630 and was first published in 1645 or 1646 (see 1646 in poetry). The poem connects Christ's Crucifixion with his Incarnation. It is linked to two other poems of Milton: ""On the Morning of Christ's Nativity"" and ""Upon the Circumcision"" The exact date of composition is unknown, but it is likely that Milton wrote the ode while attending Christ's College, Cambridge, and it is commonly dated to 1630. However, the ode, along with ""Upon the Circumcision"" and ""On the Morning of Christ's Nativity"",

the Gospel narratives, both a Catholic and Lutheran tradition, and settings of the readings and responses from the Catholic Tenebrae services, especially those of the ""Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet"". The many settings of the ""Stabat Mater"" or ""The Seven Last Words of Christ"" are also commonly performed. The reading of the Passion section of one of the Gospels during Holy Week dates back to the 4th century. It began to be intoned (rather than just spoken) in the Middle Ages, at least as early as the 8th century. 9th-century manuscripts have ""litterae significativae"" indicating interpretive chant, and later manuscript

"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith"
Knights are spread across the galaxy, leading a massive war against the Separatists. The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous, the leader of the Separatist Army. Meanwhile, Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine, the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and, secretly, a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious. Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order, the Republic, and Anakin's best interest. Lucas began writing the script before production of ""Attack of the Clones"" ended. Production of ""Revenge of the Sith"" started in September 2003, and filming took place in Australia

"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (novel)"
a character, particularly his childhood as a slave, the death of his mother and his slaughter of the Tusken Raiders who killed her. The lightsaber fight between Anakin, Obi-Wan and Count Dooku is portrayed in far greater detail than in the film. Anakin and Obi-Wan pretend for much of the encounter to have learned nothing since the events of """", but they reveal late in the fight that they have each mastered different ""forms"" of lightsaber combat. Stover depicts Dooku as an evil man who has no conceptions of friendship or loyalty. It also reveals that he despises the galaxy's

Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the sixth entry in the ""Star Wars"" film series and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. A sequel to """" (1999) and """" (2002), it is the third and final installment in the ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy. The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The Jedi

the two films."" The actor says he worked out with a trainer in Sydney for three months and ate ""six meals a day and on every protein, weight gain supplement that man has created"" to go from 160lbs. to 185lbs. Christensen and Ewan McGregor began rehearsing their climactic lightsaber duel long before Lucas would shoot it. They trained extensively with stunt coordinator Nick Gillard to memorize and perform their duel together. As in the previous prequel film, McGregor and Christensen performed their own lightsaber fighting scenes without the use of stunt doubles. The speed at which Vader and Obi-Wan engage

him Darth Vader. As the Supreme Chancellor, Palpatine issues Order 66, causing the clone troopers to turn on the Jedi. Vader kills the remaining Jedi in the temple, then travels to the volcanic planet of Mustafar to slaughter the Separatist leaders—ending the war. Palpatine declares himself Emperor before the Galactic Senate, transforming the Republic into the Galactic Empire. Having survived the chaos, Obi-Wan and Yoda return to Coruscant and learn of Anakin's betrayal. Padmé goes to Mustafar and implores Anakin to return to the light side. Vader sees Obi-Wan on Padmé's ship, and thinking they have conspired to kill him,

"Battlestar Galactica (season 3)"
publications such as the ""Chicago Tribune"", ""Entertainment Weekly"", ""Newsday"", ""The New York Times"" and ""TV Guide"". The third season received four Emmy Award nominations: Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (Ronald D. Moore for ""Occupation / Precipice""), Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series (Félix Enríquez Alcalá for ""Exodus, Part 2""), Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series (""Exodus, Part 2""), and won for Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series for ""Exodus, Part 2"", the series' first Emmy win. Ronald D. Moore was also nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Drama for ""Occupation / Precipice"". The third

first scene filmed was the final scene to appear in the film (shot during the filming of ""Attack of the Clones"" in 2000), principal photography on the film occurred from June 30, 2003 to September 17, 2003, with additional photography occurring at Shepperton Studios and Elstree Studios in London from August 2004 to January 31, 2005. The initial filming took place on soundstages at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, although practical environments were shot as background footage later to be composited into the film. These included the limestone mountains depicting Kashyyyk, which were filmed in Phuket, Thailand (they were later

with additional locations in Thailand, Switzerland, China, Italy and the United Kingdom. ""Revenge of the Sith"" premiered on May 15, 2005, at the Cannes Film Festival, then released worldwide on May 19, 2005. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, especially in contrast to the mixed reviews of the previous two prequels: praise was directed towards its action sequences, mature themes, musical score, visual effects, and the performances of McGregor, McDiarmid, Oz, and Jimmy Smits; criticism was aimed at the film's screenplay, inconsistent tone, and Christensen's performance. ""Revenge of the Sith"" broke several box office records during its opening

"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game)"
defeats the exhausted Jedi master by stabbing him and kicking him out of the window. Palpatine then takes Anakin under his wing; Anakin becomes the Sith lord Darth Vader and is ordered by Palpatine to wipe out all of the Jedi in the Jedi Temple. Darth Vader and an army of clone troopers make their way to the Temple, where after he kills librarian Jocasta Nu. Vader attacks the Jedi and the massacre begins. Vader finds and engages Serra Keto in battle, and ultimately prevails when she is crushed by a falling statue. He is then confronted by Keto's master,

of the Jedi"". Anakin's decision to save Palpatine over Master Windu parallels the decision he would eventually make as Darth Vader to save Luke from Palpatine in ""Return of the Jedi."" The film's novelization was written by Matthew Stover. It includes much more dialogue than the film, including: a conversation between Count Dooku and Darth Sidious, where the reader learns Palpatine lied to Dooku about what the Empire would truly be; a conversation between Mace Windu and Obi-Wan Kenobi where Obi-Wan expresses self-doubt about whether he is the right Jedi to battle General Grievous; and a conversation between Anakin and

United States The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km), the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles (10.1 million km). With a population of over 325 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population

and a unit. A citizen of the United States is an ""American"". ""United States"", ""American"" and ""U.S."" refer to the country adjectivally (""American values"", ""U.S. forces""). In English, the word ""American"" rarely refers to topics or subjects not directly connected with the United States. The first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 15,000 years ago, though increasing evidence suggests an even earlier arrival. After crossing the land bridge, the first Americans moved southward, either along the Pacific coast or through an interior ice-free corridor between the Cordilleran and

of DC Comics, developed into an American icon. Aside from web portals and search engines, the most popular websites are Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Yahoo!, eBay, Amazon, and Twitter. More than 800 publications are produced in Spanish, the second most commonly used language in the United States behind English. Internet sources United States The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km), the United States is the world's

political, cultural, and scientific force internationally. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere ""America"" in honor of the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci (). The first documentary evidence of the phrase ""United States of America"" is from a letter dated January 2, 1776, written by Stephen Moylan, Esq., George Washington's aide-de-camp and Muster-Master General of the Continental Army. Addressed to Lt. Col. Joseph Reed, Moylan expressed his wish to go ""with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain"" to seek

at . Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, is in area. The populated territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands together cover . Measured by only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada. The United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted, and how

is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries. Paleo-Indians migrated

1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote the phrase ""UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"" in all capitalized letters in the headline of his ""original Rough draught"" of the Declaration of Independence. This draft of the document did not surface until June 21, 1776, and it is unclear whether it was written before or after Dickinson used the term in his June 17 draft of the Articles of Confederation. The short form ""United States"" is also standard. Other common forms are the ""U.S."", the ""USA"", and ""America"". Colloquial names are the ""U.S. of A."" and, internationally, the ""States"". ""Columbia"", a name popular in poetry and

"Territories of the United States"
political union with the Northern Mariana Islands in 1986, they too are treated as a part of the U.S. An executive order adopted in 2007 includes American Samoa in the U.S. ""geographical extent"" as reflected in U.S. Department of State documents. The U.S. has five territories that are permanently inhabited: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea; Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Marianas archipelago in the western North Pacific Ocean; and American Samoa in the South Pacific Ocean. Approximately 4 million people in these territories are U.S. citizens. U.S. citizenship at birth is

"Australian Grand Prix"
racing memorable for deciding Championship results, most notably the 1986 and 1994 races which saw the and World Drivers' Championships decided. Australian driver Lex Davison and German driver Michael Schumacher are the most successful drivers in the 86-year history of the event taking four wins each, while McLaren and Ferrari have been the most successful constructors with twelve victories each. Frenchman Alain Prost is the only driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both Australian domestic and World Championship formats, having won the race in 1982 driving a Formula Pacific Ralt RT4 and in Formula One in 1986 and

"Australian Speedcar Championship"
in 1985-86, and also won the Sprintcar championship in 1998-99. The third driver was Sydney's Robbie Farr who won the 1997-98 Speedcar title and the 2003-04 Sprintcar championship. Andy McGavin and Ray Revell from Sydney, and Adelaide's Harry Neale, with five championships each are the most successful drivers in the championships history (all won before 1964-65). Western Australia's Mike Figliomeni, Warrenne Ekins from Darwin and Adam Clarke from NSW have each won the event four times while five drivers have won the event three times. Eleven drivers from the United States have won the championship. Australia's first Formula One World

were awarded, despite an appeal being held two weeks later against a ruling on the legality of the teams' diffuser design. The outcome of the appeal was in favour of the teams and that their diffusers were legal under the new rules and there were no changes to the results of the race. 2010 again saw Jenson Button win at Melbourne. Starting from fourth, he gambled on an early change to slick tires under drying conditions that let him move up to second place after losing several positions at the start. Sebastian Vettel retired with mechanical issues after qualifying on

"Formula One drivers from Australia"
to Red Bull Racing for 2014. Jack Brabham is the most successful Australian driver in history, having won three world titles. He entered one grand prix in each of the 1955 and 1956 seasons, eventually becoming a full-time driver with Cooper. He finished on the podium in five of eight races in 1959, including two victories. That brought him his first title, which he retained the following year by winning five successive races. Regulation changes in 1961 saw a shake-up of teams and Cooper did not adapt; Brabham only finished two races. His knowledge of mechanics gave him the opportunity

"Fastest lap"
fastest race laps. German driver Michael Schumacher has achieved the highest number of fastest laps with 77. He is followed by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen with . Since , an award is given to the driver with the most fastest laps in a season. Fastest laps are often set during the final laps of a race. Lap times often decrease as tracks get ""rubbered in"" and fuel weights go down as a race progresses. Setting the fastest lap is often considered an unofficial consolation prize for a driver that has had an incident that precluded a podium finish. In Grand

"South Australian Speedcar Championship"
Champion is Anthony Chaffey from Queensland. Adelaide based drivers Murray Hoffman, and former Speedcar and Sprintcar national champion Phil March jointly hold the record with four wins each. The now defunct Rowley Park Speedway in Adelaide hosted the championship on 29 occasions between 1959/50 and 1978/79. Speedway Park/City is next hosting on 20 occasions between 1979/80 and 1999/2000. Of the 64 state titles held since 1946/47, there have been 6 won by overseas visitors. They have been Bob Tattersall (1958/59, 1967/68), Jimmy Davies (1962/63, 1963/64) and Mark Passerrelli (1987/88) from the United States, and New Zealand speedway star Barry Butterworth

Champion Sir Jack Brabham was a four-time winner of the event, winning the championship in 1947-48, 1949 (twice), and 1952-53. The oldest Australian champion was Bob Holt who won the 1998-99 title at the Northline Speedway in Darwin at the age of 58. Holt, originally from Sydney, began racing Speedcars in the early 1960s and was one of the leading competitors at the Sydney Showground during Australian speedway's ""golden era"". Unlike other national championship meetings in Australian speedway racing, overseas drivers are permitted in the Australian Speedcar Championship. Seven winners of the title since 2002-03 have been Americans, with placings

the Benetton up on two wheels and into the tyre barrier, Schumacher retiring on the spot. Hill came out of the incident with a broken wishbone on his front-left suspension, he pitted and retired from the race, handing the title to Schumacher. The sister Williams of the 41-year-old Nigel Mansell went on to win the race, becoming the oldest Grand Prix winner since Jack Brabham in 1970. In 1995, Mika Häkkinen suffered a tyre failure at the early part of the first qualifying session at the high speed Brewery Bend between Jones and Brabham Straights, which resulted in him crashing

"V8 Supercar Championships"
(depending on teams) engineering differences among teams despite the cars being the same make. Both Ford and Holden provide significant, though varying, levels of sponsorship to the majority of teams that run their cars. From 1996 to 2002, V8 Supercars Holden Racing Team, had a decisive competitive edge over most of the opposition. More recently, the sport has seen the return to prominence of Ford through Marcos Ambrose and Stone Brothers Racing, winning in 2003 and 2004, as well as team-mate Russell Ingall who kept the title at SBR, winning a tight series in 2005 V8 Supercars is Australia's third

"Australian Sprintcar Championship"
drivers are not eligible to participate in this event. Retired Sydney based driver Garry Rush holds the record with ten Australian championship wins and 18 podium finishes between 1966 and 1998. New South Wales based drivers have dominated the title with 36 wins from 52 championships. Six drivers were from Victoria, three each from South Australia and Western Australia, two winners have been from Queensland, and one from Tasmania. While many successful Australian Sprintcar drivers started out racing Speedcars, only three drivers have ever won both the Australian Sprintcar Championship and the Australian Speedcar Championship. They being Sydney drivers George

"Of Mice and Men"
Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a novella written by author John Steinbeck. Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States. Steinbeck based the novella on his own experiences working alongside migrant farm workers as a teenager in the 1910s (before the arrival of the Okies he would vividly describe in ""The Grapes of Wrath""). The title is taken from Robert Burns' poem ""To a

Thampi is also based on the novel. ""Of Mice and Men"" was adapted by Donna Franceschild as a radio play directed by Kirsty Williams starring David Tennant broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 7 March 2010. Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a novella written by author John Steinbeck. Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States. Steinbeck based the novella on his own experiences

a script for a play. It is only 30,000 words in length. Steinbeck wanted to write a novel that could be played from its lines, or a play that could be read like a novel. Steinbeck originally titled it ""Something That Happened"" (referring to the events of the book as ""something that happened"" because nobody can be really blamed for the tragedy that unfolds in the story). However, he changed the title after reading Robert Burns's poem ""To a Mouse."" Burns's poem tells of the regret the narrator feels for having destroyed the home of a mouse while plowing his

"To a Mouse"
To a Mouse ""To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest With the Plough, November, 1785"" is a Scots-language poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, and was included in the Kilmarnock volume. According to legend, Burns was ploughing in the fields and accidentally destroyed a mouse's nest, which it needed to survive the winter. In fact, Burns's brother claimed that the poet composed the poem while still holding his plough. John Steinbeck took the title of his 1937 novel ""Of Mice and Men"" from a line contained in the penultimate stanza: ""The best laid schemes o' mice

represent evil in that both oppress and abuse the migrants in different ways. Fate is felt most heavily as the characters' aspirations are destroyed when George is unable to protect Lennie (who is a real danger). Steinbeck presents this as ""something that happened"" or as his friend coined for him ""non-teleological thinking"" or ""is thinking"", which postulates a non-judgmental point of view. ""Of Mice and Men"" was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a ""play-novelette"" by one critic. Structured in three acts of two chapters each, it is intended to be both a novella and

damaged by the help of ""the Party,"" generally taken to be the Communist Party, although this is never spelled out in the book. ""Of Mice and Men"" is a tragedy that was written as a play in 1937. The story is about two traveling ranch workers, George and Lennie, trying to earn enough money to buy their own farm/ranch. As it is set in 1930s America, it provides an insight into The Great Depression, encompassing themes of racism, loneliness, prejudice against the mentally ill, and the struggle for personal independence. Along with ""The Grapes of Wrath"", ""East of Eden"", and

Clancy's President Jack Ryan quotes Burns' famous line, ""The best laid schemes o' mice an' men gang aft agley"" in the 2013 novel ""Command Authority"". The ""Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D."" season 5 episode 9 ""Best Laid Plans"" takes its name from this poem. To a Mouse ""To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest With the Plough, November, 1785"" is a Scots-language poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, and was included in the Kilmarnock volume. According to legend, Burns was ploughing in the fields and accidentally destroyed a mouse's nest, which it needed to survive the winter. In

"The Old Cat and the Young Mouse"
six years later, when the young composer was studying in Paris, and became his first work to be published. The Old Cat and the Young Mouse The Old Cat and the Young Mouse (""Le vieux chat et la jeune souris"") is a late fable by Jean de la Fontaine (XII.5). Written towards the end of his life, its grim conclusion is that 'Youth thinks its every wish will gain success; Old age is pitiless.' La Fontaine prefaces his poem with a dedication to the young , who had asked the poet for a fable on a cat and mouse theme.

"The Egg and I"
and her husband, as she thinks they live a life full of fresh air and beautiful scenery, which is then followed by MacDonald pointing out that while the guest had lounged in bed that morning, she and her husband had been up before sunrise working for several hours, and then again the couple had stayed up long into the night after the guest had gone to bed. First published by the J. B. Lippincott Company on October 3, 1945, ""The Egg and I"" received laudatory reviews and soon appeared on the best-seller list. The book was a blockbuster success as

The Old Cat and the Young Mouse The Old Cat and the Young Mouse (""Le vieux chat et la jeune souris"") is a late fable by Jean de la Fontaine (XII.5). Written towards the end of his life, its grim conclusion is that 'Youth thinks its every wish will gain success; Old age is pitiless.' La Fontaine prefaces his poem with a dedication to the young , who had asked the poet for a fable on a cat and mouse theme. At that period the young prince was accounted arrogant and self-willed and the tale demonstrates that one cannot always

"Andrea Brooks"
film ""A Wish for Christmas"" directed by Christie Will, whom Brooks had previously worked with in the 2006 short film ""Dysfunction"". Brooks played the lead role of Mary Hamilton in the Hallmark original television film ""Destination Wedding"", opposite Rafael Simon, which was broadcast in June 2017 as part of the channel's June Weddings series. Andrea Brooks Andrea Brooks (born March 3, 1989) is a Canadian actress best known for the roles of Faith Carter on the Hallmark series ""When Calls the Heart"" and Eve Teschmacher in The CW series ""Supergirl"". Born in Brantford, Ontario, Brooks trained in figure skating, dancing

She also speaks fluent French. Having appeared in a variety of film and television productions, Brooks' major break came in 2015 when she was cast in the role of Nurse Faith Carter in the second season of Hallmark series ""When Calls the Heart"". Her character received a mixed audience reception, due mainly to the threat she posed to the series central love story between Mountie Jack Thornton (Daniel Lissing) and teacher Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow). She continued as a series regular into seasons three and four, and in season four the character began a tentative romance with newcomer Shane Cantrell

Andrea Brooks Andrea Brooks (born March 3, 1989) is a Canadian actress best known for the roles of Faith Carter on the Hallmark series ""When Calls the Heart"" and Eve Teschmacher in The CW series ""Supergirl"". Born in Brantford, Ontario, Brooks trained in figure skating, dancing and musical theater from an early age. At the age of fifteen, she auditioned for the Disney film ""Ice Princess"". She lost out on the role, but gained an agent. She attended the University of British Columbia, where she gained a BA in English Literature and Film Studies and an MA in Film Studies.

"Jill Gray Savarese"
In this capacity, she interpreted for such notable people as Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, and Sonia Sotomayor. She is vice president of a film distribution company. Jill Gray Savarese Jill Gray Savarase (born 1969) is an American actress best known for her role of ""Faith"" in the cult film ""Metamorphosis: Beyond the Screen Door"", the first American feature film adaptation of Franz Kafka's short story ""The Metamorphosis"". Savarese grew up in Pickerington, Ohio. After a career as an actress and fortune teller, she attended Yale University through a program for non-traditional students and completed her bachelor's degree in linguistics in

"The Glass Castle (film)"
of the film, replacing Lawrence who exited the film after a male lead couldn't be found. In November 2015, Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film. In March 2016, Naomi Watts joined the cast. In April 2016, Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast. In May 2016, Ella Anderson joined the cast. Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia. ""The Glass Castle"" was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate. ""The Glass Castle"" grossed $17.3 million in the United States and Canada and $3.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $21.7

"The Glass Castle"
the movie adaptation. In August 2014, it was announced that Destin Daniel Cretton was set to direct. On October 9, 2015, it was reported that Lawrence withdrew from the film. Lionsgate acquired the film rights from Paramount and Brie Larson was cast as Jeannette Walls. Naomi Watts and Woody Harrelson were cast as Rose Mary and Rex Walls, respectively, with Gil Netter producing. Filming began May 20, 2016 in Welch, West Virginia. The film was released August 11, 2017, to mixed reviews praising the performances while noting the film's overall uneven tone. It holds a 51% rating on RottenTomatoes.com. The

but criticized the mishandled tones and adaptation. The film grossed $21.8 million at the box office. The film portrays the unconventional, poverty-stricken upbringing Walls and her siblings had at the hands of their deeply dysfunctional parents. In April 2012, it was revealed that Lionsgate acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film. In October 2013, it was revealed that Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon. In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast

The Glass Castle (film) The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon, based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best selling memoir of the same name. Depicting Walls' real-life childhood spent squatting in homes and living in poverty, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles. ""The Glass Castle"" was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson)

copies, had been translated into 22 languages, and received the Christopher Award, the American Library Association's Alex Award (2006) and the ""Books for Better Living Award"". ""The Glass Castle"" was adapted as a feature film, released in the summer of 2017. Jeannette Walls is the second oldest of four children. Her father, Rex, is an alcoholic, and her mother, Rose Mary, a painter and teacher. When Jeannette is seven, the family moves to Battle Mountain, Nevada where they enjoy stability for the first time as Rex works for a mining company and the family lives in a converted railway station.

"The Glass House (1972 film)"
won the Golden Shell at the 1972 San Sebastián International Film Festival. The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or

The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special in 1972 for directing this TV movie. The film also

"Glass (2019 film)"
of rehearsals. Shyamalan planned for a 39-day shoot in this period. On October 31, 2017 it was reported that Shyamalan was filming at the Allentown State Hospital for the film and would be filming there for a few weeks. On December 12, Shyamalan revealed that 4 scenes are being planned to be shot in January 2018, stating he'd have to travel for those. On February 16, 2018, a scene was filmed at Bryn Mawr College in the athletic center. On July 12, 2018, the first official photographs from production were released, including shots of Samuel L. Jackson, Sarah Paulson, and

"Heart of Glass (film)"
most of their dialogue, memorised during hypnosis. However, many of the hypnotised actors' gestures and movements occurred spontaneously during filming. The majority of the film was shot in Bavaria, just a few miles from where Herzog was raised in the remote village of Sachrang (nestled in the Chiemgau Alps), and also at a nearby village in Switzerland. Other brief shots of landscape scenes were filmed in various locations around the world that Herzog scouted out, including Yellowstone National Park. The conclusion of the film was shot on the Skellig Islands. Herzog, along with other members of the crew, has a

story and an outstanding performance by Brie Larson, but these aren't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material."" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A−"" on an A+ to F scale. Writing for ""Rolling Stone"", Peter Travers said the film ""peddles easy uplift instead of cold, hard truths"" and gave it two stars out of four, saying, ""Hollywood has a knack

Blu-ray July 21, 2009. A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016. The revival series, dubbed """", premiered on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. The season concluded on May 30, 2017. On December 12, 2017, Dominic Purcell announced via Instagram that season 6 is ""in the works."" Then on January 4, 2018, Fox officially confirmed that season 6 is in early development. The first season follows the rescue of Lincoln Burrows, who is accused of murdering Terrence Steadman, the brother of Vice President of the United States, Caroline Reynolds. Lincoln is sentenced

Prison Break Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring, that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons, with 81 episodes from August 29, 2005 to May 15, 2009, and a fifth season which aired from April 4, to May 30, 2017. The series revolves around two brothers, one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit, and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name. The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions, in association with Original Television and 20th Century

2016, it was confirmed that Sarah Wayne Callies, Amaury Nolasco, Robert Knepper, Rockmond Dunbar and Paul Adelstein would reprise their roles. Filming began in April 2016 in Vancouver, and several Moroccan cities including Rabat, Casablanca, and Ouarzazate. It debuted on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. ""Prison Break"" maintains an ensemble cast for each season along with many recurring guest stars. The first season features a cast of ten actors who receive star billing, who were based in Chicago or at Fox River State Penitentiary. The second season features a cast of nine actors who receive

it was reported that a revival was in development at Fox. The limited series is a sequel to the original series, taking place several years later and features Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell reprising their roles as well as the return of series creator Paul Scheuring. Despite Michael being killed in the , Fox CEO Dana Walden said that the series will provide ""a logical and believable explanation to why the characters are alive and still moving around the world"". In January 2016, Fox officially ordered the revival to series, with the episode order revised to nine episodes. In March

"Prison Break (season 5)"
30, 2017, consisting of 9 episodes. Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell reprise their respective roles as Michael Scofield and Lincoln Burrows, while Sarah Wayne Callies, Amaury Nolasco, Paul Adelstein, Robert Knepper and Rockmond Dunbar also return from the original series. New cast additions include Mark Feuerstein, Inbar Lavi, Augustus Prew, Marina Benedict, Rick Yune and Steve Mouzakis. A pilot was ordered in August 2015 and the series was greenlit in January 2016. Production on the series began in April 2016 and filming took place in Vancouver and the Moroccan cities of Rabat, Casablanca, and Ouarzazate. Seven years after his apparent

Fox Television. Along with creator Paul Scheuring, the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead, Kevin Hooks, Marty Adelstein, Dawn Parouse, Neal H. Moritz, and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode. The series' theme music, composed by Ramin Djawadi, was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006. The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003, which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series. Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series ""Lost"" and ""24"", Fox decided to back production in 2004. The first season received generally positive reviews, and performed well in

the ratings. The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run, but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity. ""Prison Break"" was nominated for several industry awards, including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama, which it won. In the United States, all five seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally. The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones, several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet, as well as a

Tinsley Transfers, the tattoo took around five hours to be applied onto Wentworth Miller. In scenes where the actor is wearing a T-shirt and the entire tattoo isn't being shown, only the forearm pieces of the tattoo were applied. The following seasonal rankings are based on a weighted average total viewers per episode as recorded by Nielsen Media Research. The recording period begins in late September (the start of the U.S. network television season) and ends in late May. The show debuted on August 29, 2005 to an estimated audience of 10.5 million viewers. Fox had not seen such success

""Prison Break"" was in development for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 for release in February 2009, but was cancelled when Brash Entertainment shut down. Development of """" restarted when the game's developer, ZootFly, found a new publisher. The video game was released on March 31, 2010. The game's protagonist is Tom Paxton, a Company employee who is sent inside of Fox River to observe and report every move of Michael Scofield. The game features voices from the original cast members with the exception of Sarah Wayne Callies (Dr. Sara Tancredi). In April 2010, it was announced that the series would

"Unbreakable (film series)"
the role. The same month, Anya Taylor-Joy, Betty Buckley, Jessica Sula and Haley Lu Richardson were cast in the film. Following cast announcements, Universal Pictures revealed the films title as ""Split"". Principal photography began November 2015 and finished in June 2016. Following the events of ""Split"", security guard David Dunn uses his superstrength and supernatural abilities to track Kevin Wendell Crumb, a disturbed man who has 24 personalities. Bruce Willis, Samuel L. Jackson, Spencer Treat Clark, Charlayne Woodard, James McAvoy and Anya Taylor-Joy are set to reprise their roles from ""Unbreakable"" and ""Split"". In July 2017, Sarah Paulson was cast

"The Turn of the Screw"
cornerstone text of academics who subscribed to New Criticism. The novella has had differing interpretations, often mutually exclusive. Many critics have tried to determine the exact nature of the evil hinted at by the story. However, others have argued that the brilliance of the novella results from its ability to create an intimate sense of confusion and suspense within the reader. The novella has been adapted numerous times in radio drama, film, stage, and television, including a 1950 Broadway play, and the 1961 film ""The Innocents"". On Christmas Eve, an unnamed narrator listens to Douglas, a friend, read a manuscript

written by a former governess whom Douglas claims to have known and who is now dead. The manuscript tells the story of how the young governess is hired by a man who has become responsible for his young nephew and niece after the deaths of their parents. He lives mainly in London but also has a country house, Bly. He is uninterested in raising the children. The boy, Miles, is attending a boarding school, while his younger sister, Flora, is living at a summer country house in Essex. She is currently being cared for by Mrs. Grose, the housekeeper. Miles

a man and a woman, day and night, staring through the windows, bending over the beds, and making her feel her children were in danger. In a 2012 commentary in ""The New Yorker"", Brad Leithauser has given his own perspective on the different interpretations of James' novella: All such attempts to 'solve' the book, however admiringly tendered, unwittingly work toward its diminution[; its] profoundest pleasure lies in the beautifully fussed over way in which James refuses to come down on either side... the book becomes a modest monument to the bold pursuit of ambiguity. According to Leithauser, the reader is

to press the issue. Soon thereafter, around the grounds of the estate, the governess begins to see the figures of a man and woman whom she does not recognise. These figures come and go at will without ever being seen or challenged by other members of the household, and they seem to the governess to be supernatural. She learns from Mrs. Grose that the governess' predecessor, Miss Jessel, and another employee, Peter Quint, had had a sexual relationship. Before their deaths, Jessel and Quint spent much of their time with Flora and Miles, and this fact has grim significance for

"The Turn of the Screw (2009 film)"
Sandy Welch, who set the film in the early 1920s, in contrast to the novella's 1840s setting. This allowed the introduction of the Freudian psychiatrist interviewing the main character; this framing device is not used by James, but both the novella and the film share a first-person narrator. The updated setting also allowed the First World War to account for the lack of male staff at the house. The Freudian and libidinous elements some literary theorists have seen in James's story are particularly prevalent in the film, with Ann's repressed sexual feelings for the Master resulting in a number of

psychiatrist. Despite the suggestion of his superior (Redgrave) that he focus upon soldiers who have returned from the First World War, Fisher wishes to help Ann if he can. In flashbacks, Ann is hired by a wealthy and sophisticated aristocrat (Umbers) to act as a governess for his orphaned nephew and niece who live at Bly. He tells her that he is not to be bothered in London, and that Ann is to deal with any problems that may arise. Ann travels to Bly, where she meets the all-female household staff—led by Mrs Sarah Grose (Johnston), the housekeeper—and then the

"The Turn of the Screw (opera)"
composer conducting. Described as one of the most dramatically appealing English operas, the opera in two acts has a prologue and sixteen scenes, each preceded by a variation on the twelve-note 'Screw' theme. Typically of Britten, the music mixes tonality and dissonance, with Britten's recurrent use of a twelve-tone figure being perhaps a nod to the approach of Arnold Schoenberg. Thematically, the play gives a central role to a line borrowed from W. B. Yeats' poem ""The Second Coming"": ""The ceremony of innocence is drowned."" The opera was given its British premiere on 6 October 1954 by the Sadler's Wells

and Flora's uncle, the governess' new employer, gives her full charge of the children and explicitly states that she is not to bother him with communications of any sort. The governess travels to her new employer's country house and begins her duties. Miles soon returns from school for the summer just after a letter arrives from the headmaster stating that he has been expelled. Miles never speaks of the matter, and the governess is hesitant to raise the issue. She fears there is some horrible secret behind the expulsion but is too charmed by the adorable young boy to want

""The Turn of the Screw"" has also influenced television. In December 1968, the ABC daytime drama ""Dark Shadows"" featured a storyline based on ""The Turn of the Screw"". In the story, the ghosts of Quentin Collins and Beth Chavez haunted the west wing of Collinwood, possessing the two children living in the mansion. The story led to a year-long story in the year 1897, as Barnabas Collins travelled back in time to prevent Quentin's death and stop the possession. In early episodes of """" ("""", ""Learning Curve"" and ""Persistence of Vision""), Captain Kathryn Janeway is seen on the holodeck acting

The Turn of the Screw The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in ""Collier's Weekly"" magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898). In October 1898 it appeared in ""The Two Magics"", a book published by Macmillan in New York City and Heinemann in London. Classified as both gothic fiction and a ghost story, the novella focuses on a governess who, caring for two children at a remote estate, becomes convinced that the grounds are haunted. In the century following its publication, ""The Turn of the Screw"" became a

"Robert Byrd"
longest-serving member in congressional history, with 56 years, 320 days of combined service in the House and Senate, passing Carl Hayden of Arizona. Previously, Byrd had held the record for the longest unbroken tenure in the Senate (Thurmond resigned during his first term and was re-elected seven months later). He is the only senator ever to serve more than 50 years. Including his tenure as a state legislator from 1947 to 1953, Byrd's service on the political front exceeded 60 continuous years. Byrd, who never lost an election, cast his 18,000th vote on June 21, 2007, the most of any

a normal court of law. In the history of the United States, the House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (Another, Richard Nixon, resigned after the House Judiciary Committee passed articles of impeachment but before a formal impeachment vote by the full House.) Only two Presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. Under the Twelfth Amendment, the House has the power to elect

the speakership once again began to decline, despite speakership elections becoming increasingly bitter. As the Civil War approached, several sectional factions nominated their own candidates, often making it difficult for any candidate to attain a majority. In 1855 and again in 1859, for example, the contest for Speaker lasted for two months before the House achieved a result. During this time, Speakers tended to have very short tenures. For example, from 1839 to 1863 there were eleven Speakers, only one of whom served for more than one term. To date, James K. Polk is the only Speaker of the House

"Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom"
His service was not continuous, as he was not an MP for a spell in 1908 and between 1922 and 1924. Charles Pelham Villiers was the longest continuously serving MP. He was elected in 1835 and remained an MP continuously for over 62 years until his death on 16 January 1898, aged 96 years 13 days. The longest continuous service and longest total service records for a female MP was held by Gwyneth Dunwoody, at over 34 years and 38 years respectively until Harriet Harman and Dame Margaret Beckett broke those records. The longest span of service for a woman

times. Since regular parliamentary government was established by the start of the UK Parliament, contenders for longest span of continuous service include the four brothers Sir Robert Peel (also twice Prime Minister), William Yates Peel, Jonathan Peel and Edmund Peel, with a span of 59 years from Robert's by-election return on 15 April 1809 as MP for Cashel, to the retirement of Jonathan at the 1868 general election as MP for Huntingdon. Their collective service totalled 115 years and all four were simultaneously in Parliament when Edmund was sitting in 1831–32 and 1835–37 for Newcastle-under-Lyme. Another 59 year service span

"John W. McCormack"
Boston. He later resided at a Dedham nursing home, where he died in 1980. At 42 years and 58 days, as of 2017 McCormack's service in the U.S. House ranks 15th in terms of uninterrupted time. He is the longest-serving member of the U.S. House in Massachusetts history; Joseph William Martin Jr. is second to McCormack at 41 years, 305 days. McCormack was born in Boston on December 21, 1891. He was the son of Joseph H. McCormack, a hod carrier and native of Prince Edward Island, Canada, and his wife Mary Ellen (née O'Brien) McCormack of Boston (1861-1913). He

the shorter span of 14 years. Notes: In absolute terms two 17th-century members of the English Parliament had 35-year intervals outside the House of Commons: Note that intervals of more than a decade between service in the Commons were more commonplace in the 17th than in later centuries due to factors such as: Since the establishment of regular parliamentary government at the end of the 17th century and the creation of the United Kingdom Parliament in 1801, possibly the longest gap between sitting was faced by Henry Drummond (1786–1860), of nearly 35 years between the dissolution of his first parliament

powers, including the ability to name committee members and his chairmanship of the Rules Committee. Fifteen years later, Speaker Nicholas Longworth restored much, but not all, of the lost influence of the position. One of the most influential Speakers in history was Democrat Sam Rayburn. Rayburn was the longest-serving Speaker in history, holding office from 1940 to 1947, 1949 to 1953, and 1955 to 1961. He helped shape many bills, working quietly in the background with House committees. He also helped ensure the passage of several domestic measures and foreign assistance programs advocated by Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry

"Dennis Hastert"
Dennis Hastert John Dennis Hastert (; born January 2, 1942) is a convicted child molester and a former American politician who served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007, representing from 1987 to 2007. He was the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history, and is currently the highest-ranking holder of a political office in U.S. history to have served a prison sentence. Hastert grew up in rural Illinois. He graduated from Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois, with a degree in economics in 1964 and obtained an education degree from Northern

as chief deputy whip). Dennis Hastert John Dennis Hastert (; born January 2, 1942) is a convicted child molester and a former American politician who served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007, representing from 1987 to 2007. He was the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history, and is currently the highest-ranking holder of a political office in U.S. history to have served a prison sentence. Hastert grew up in rural Illinois. He graduated from Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois, with a degree in economics in 1964 and obtained an

The Fast and the Furious The Fast and the Furious (colloquial: Fast & Furious) is an American media franchise based on a series of action films that is largely concerned with illegal street racing, heists and espionage, and includes material in various other media that depicts characters and situations from the films. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the series was established with the 2001 film titled ""The Fast and the Furious""; this was followed by seven sequels, two short films that tie into the series, and as of May 2017, it has become Universal's biggest franchise of all time, currently the

"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)"
arose following the publishing of a ""Vibe"" magazine article in 1998 titled ""Racer X"", which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City. Production began in 2000, as part of an international co-production between the United States and Germany, and is set and filmed across California. It was funded and released by Universal Pictures. Upon its release on June 22, 2001, ""The Fast and the Furious"" grossed $207 million from a $38 million budget. It was also re-released on June 22, 2016, to commemorate the film's fifteenth anniversary. ""The Fast and the Furious"" soon launched a franchise

eighth-highest-grossing film series of all time with a combined gross of over $5 billion. Paul Walker had wrapped up filming on ""The Skulls"" in early 2000 when he was approached by the director Rob Cohen and producer Neal H. Moritz, asking Walker what he wanted to do next. He said his dream project would be a mash-up of ""Days of Thunder"" and ""Donnie Brasco"". So the filmmakers brought him a ""Vibe"" article they'd found about undercover street racing in New York City. The story was pitched as a remake of ""Point Break"" set in the world of underground street racing

of seven sequels, starting with ""2 Fast 2 Furious"" in 2003. On the docks outside Los Angeles, a truck is loaded with electronics, and a dockside worker notifies an anonymous person about the shipment. On the road, the truck is approached by three modified Honda Civics with green underglow. The perpetrators then proceed to harpoon & board the truck, knock out the driver, and corral the semi allowing them to heist the electronics and escape into the night. The next day, undercover LAPD officer Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) is assigned to find the gang responsible for the crimes. While visiting

posted a video on Instagram which showed the finished script for the spin-off, titled ""Hobbs & Shaw"". In February 2018, David Leitch entered talks to direct the film, which was confirmed later that April. In March 2018, it was reported that the film would start production in September 2018. In May 2018, the release date of the film was pushed back a week to August 2, 2019. On July 5, 2018, Idris Elba was cast to play the villain. On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Universal and DreamWorks Animation are creating an animated series based on the franchise

The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 action film directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz, and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer. It is the first installment in ""The Fast and the Furious"" franchise. The film follows Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker), an undercover cop tasked with discovering the identities and stopping a group of unknown automobile hijackers led by Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel). The film also stars Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, and Ted Levine. Development for ""The Fast and the Furious""

"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"
FBI and Dominic boards a prison bus that will transport him to Lompoc penitentiary. As the bus drives down the road, Brian, Mia, Leo, and Santos arrive in their cars to intercept it. The film was announced in July 2007. Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, and the rest of the cast of the original film all reprised their roles. Filming began in 2008. The movie cars were built in Southern California's San Fernando Valley. Around 240 cars were built for the film. However, the replica vehicles do not match the specifications they were supposed to represent. For example, the replica version

theatrical release on July 2, 2009 with a gross of $155,064,265 in the United States and $208,100,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $363,164,265 (making it the fifth most successful film in the franchise behind ""Furious 7"", ""The Fate of the Furious"", ""Fast & Furious 6"", and ""Fast Five""). It is also the 17th highest-grossing film of 2009 and the fifth highest film of 2009 to gross $300 million worldwide behind ""Star Trek"", ""Monsters vs. Aliens"", """", and ""Terminator Salvation"". Vin Diesel and Paul Walker reunited for a ""Fast & Furious"" sequel, entitled ""Fast Five"". Justin Lin directed, while Chris

street racing in New York City and watching an actual illegal street race at night in Los Angeles. The film's original title was ""Redline"" before it was changed to ""The Fast and The Furious"". Roger Corman licensed the title rights of his 1955 film ""The Fast and the Furious"" to Universal so that the title could be used on this project; both films were about racing. Producer Neal H. Moritz, who had previously worked with Paul Walker on the film ""The Skulls"" (2000), gave the actor a script and offered him the role of Brian O'Conner. Originally, the studio told

of the film, writing, ""I admire the craft involved, but the movie leaves me profoundly indifferent. After three earlier movies in the series, which have been transmuted into video games, why do we need a fourth one? Oh. I just answered my own question."" On its first day of release the movie grossed $30.6 million, and peaked at the top spot of the weekend box office with $70,950,500, more than """" earned in its entire domestic run. The film had the sixth-biggest opening weekend of 2009 and was double what most industry observers expected. It also held the record for

mud volcanoes are found on the eastern side of the Salton Sea. A number of geothermal electricity generation plants are located along the southeastern shore of the Salton Sea in Imperial County. The US Geological Survey describes the smell as ""objectionable"", ""noxious"", ""unique"", and ""pervasive"". Due to the high salinity, very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea. Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution. Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea, including threadfin shad, carp, red shiner, channel catfish, white

catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Salton Sea based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in local species. The Salton Sea has been termed a ""crown jewel of avian biodiversity"" by Dr. Milt Friend of the Salton Sea Science Office. Over 400 species have been documented at the Salton Sea. The most diverse and probably the most significant populations of bird life in the continental United States are hosted, rivaled only by Big Bend National

"American gizzard shad"
ichthyologist La Cépède. American gizzard shad The American gizzard shad (""Dorosoma cepedianum"") is a member of the herring family of fish, and is native to large swaths of fresh and brackish waters of the United States of America. The adult has a deep body, with a silvery-green coloration above fading to plain silver below. The gizzard shad commonly resides in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams but can reside in brackish waters, as it does on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Their range is across most of the continental United States, although they typically go no further north

"Saltwater fish"
Saltwater fish Saltwater fish, also called marine fish, are fish that live in ocean water. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or live in a large group together, called a school of fish. Saltwater fish are very popular among deep sea fishermen and aquariums all over the country. Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten. Fish that live in the ocean can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Herbivores in the ocean eat things such as algae and flowering seagrasses. Many herbivores' diets consist of primarily algae. Most

American gizzard shad The American gizzard shad (""Dorosoma cepedianum"") is a member of the herring family of fish, and is native to large swaths of fresh and brackish waters of the United States of America. The adult has a deep body, with a silvery-green coloration above fading to plain silver below. The gizzard shad commonly resides in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams but can reside in brackish waters, as it does on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Their range is across most of the continental United States, although they typically go no further north than New York

saltwater fish will eat both macroalgae and microalgae. Many fish eat red, green, brown, and blue algae, but some fish prefer certain types. Most saltwater fish that are carnivores will never eat algae under any circumstances. Carnivores' diets consist of shrimp, plankton, or tiny crustaceans. Saltwater aquariums are a multi-million dollar industry in the United States. About 10 million marine fish are imported into the United States each year for aquarium use. The United States imports more saltwater fish than any other country in the world. There are approximately 2,000 different species of saltwater fish that are imported and used

body was initially a freshwater lake, but by the 1960s, its rising salinity had begun to jeopardize some of its species. With a salinity now exceeding 5.0% w/v (saltier than seawater), most species of fish can no longer survive. A freshwater fish notable for its ability to withstand the rising salinity of the Salton Sea, the desert pupfish, can survive salinities ranging from 0.0% to 7.0%. Fertilizer runoffs have resulted in eutrophication, with large algal blooms and elevated bacterial levels. By 2014, large swaths of lake bed were exposed and salt levels drastically increased due to mandated water transfers to

"California killifish"
fins become bright yellow. They are coastal fish, occurring in shallow bays, estuaries, marshes, and the lower parts of streams from Morro Bay south to Magdalena Bay in central Baja California. Between Goleta Slough and the Tijuana River they occur almost continuously, the frequency of wetlands being sufficient to allow free movement. They tolerate a wide range of salinities, oxygen levels, and pollution. The diet consists of a variety of both benthic and planktonic invertebrates, anything from snails to crustaceans to insects, often found by foraging through areas of vegetation flooded by high tides. This species and the Baja killifish

Anchovy
March, but not in water colder than 12 °C (54 °F). The anchovy appears to spawn at least from the shore, near the surface of the water. The anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment, including the California halibut, rock fish, yellowtail, shark, chinook, and coho salmon. It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds; for example, breeding success of California brown pelicans and elegant terns is strongly connected to anchovy abundance. Anchovies, like most clupeoids (herrings, sardines and anchovies), are filter-feeders that open their mouths as they swim. As water

"Pacific cod"
Pacific cod The Pacific cod, ""Gadus macrocephalus"", is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Gadidae. It is a bottom-dwelling fish found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, mainly on the continental shelf and upper slopes, to depths of about . It can grow to a length of a meter or so and is found in large schools. It is an important commercial food species and is also known as gray cod or grey cod, and grayfish or greyfish. Fishing for this species is regulated with quotas being allotted for hook and line fishing, pots, and bottom trawls. It has

"You've Got a Friend in Me"
You've Got a Friend in Me ""You've Got a Friend in Me"" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film ""Toy Story"", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, ""Toy Story 2"" (1999) and ""Toy Story 3"" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole ""Toy Story"" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to ""Colors of the Wind"" from Disney's ""Pocahontas"". Like many other Disney

Contemporary chart hit, spending 14 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 10. On May 31, 2018, Rex Orange County released a cover of “You’ve Got a Friend in Me”, performing along with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. You've Got a Friend in Me ""You've Got a Friend in Me"" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film ""Toy Story"", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, ""Toy Story 2"" (1999) and ""Toy Story 3"" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the

Woody sees this and has an epiphany, realizing that his mission as a toy is to be there for a child. (In-universe, the song was presumably written for ""Woody's Roundup"".) The ""Woody's Roundup"" version was performed by Tom Hanks, with acoustic guitar backing; Wheezy's version was sung by Robert Goulet (though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft); and the Spanish version, ""You've Got a Friend in Me (Para el Buzz Español)"", was performed by the Gipsy Kings. Michael Bublé covered ""You've Got a Friend in Me"" on his 2013 album, ""To Be Loved"". The track became a U.S. Adult

theme songs, ""You've Got a Friend in Me"" has been covered numerous times. Cover versions featured in the three ""Toy Story"" films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in ""Toy Story; "" a diegetic instance by Tom Hanks, a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in ""Toy Story 2"", and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in ""Toy Story 3"". The song is played during the opening credits for ""Toy Story"" and ""Toy Story 3"", establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his

end of ""Toy Story 2"", the character Wheezy starts to sing it to the other toys; during the end credits of ""Toy Story 3"", Buzz Lightyear and Jessie (now a couple) perform a pasodoble to a Spanish version of the song, deliberately played by Jessie to get Buzz to dance. The most significant use of the song was in the third act of ""Toy Story 2"", where an episode of ""Woody's Roundup"" (the 1950s puppet show he was based on) shows the puppet Woody singing the song, directed at the young audience and featuring a small child hugging the puppet.

"I Got You (Split Enz song)"
I Got You (Split Enz song) ""I Got You"" is a 1979 song by New Zealand rock group Split Enz from their studio album ""True Colours"". Split Enz's most commercially successful single, ""I Got You"" was written by Neil Finn and released in late 1979. In 2001 it was voted 11th best New Zealand song of all time by APRA. Reviewed in Roadrunner at the time of release, it was said the song, ""positively drips with appeal that only philistines could fail to appreciate,"" and asked readers to buy a copy as, ""it deserves to be a hit."" The video

"You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)"
Fun's album, ""A Pocketful of Dreams"". The single peaked at #14 in the UK and #12 in Ireland. It was later included on Big Fun's Japanese edition of their debut album ""A Pocketful of Dreams"". CD single 7"" single 12"" single You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) ""You've Got a Friend"" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded

"You're a Friend of Mine"
You're a Friend of Mine ""You're a Friend of Mine"" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album ""Hero"" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band, including songwriter

You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) ""You've Got a Friend"" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded the well-known Carole King song of the same name, but for reasons unknown it was ultimately not used and SAW wrote an original song with the same name instead. The cover version was finally released in the 2010 re-issue of Big

in 1987. You're a Friend of Mine ""You're a Friend of Mine"" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album ""Hero"" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band,

"Earthquake activity in the New York City area"
in the northeastern U.S. could be larger than the area of damage caused by an earthquake of the same magnitude in the western U.S. The cooler rocks in the northeastern U.S. contribute to the seismic energy propagating as much as ten times further than in the warmer rocks of California. A magnitude 4.0 eastern U.S. earthquake typically can be felt as far as 100 km (60 mi) from its epicenter, but it infrequently causes damage near its source. A magnitude 5.5 eastern U.S. earthquake, although uncommon, can be felt as far as 500 km (300 mi) from its epicenter, and

Ocean, in the Caribbean Sea, and along the west coast of North America. The seismicity of the northeastern U.S. is generally considered to be due to ancient zones of weakness that are being reactivated in the present-day stress field. In this model, pre-existing faults that were formed during ancient geological episodes persist in the intraplate crust, and the earthquakes occur when the present-day stress is released along these zones of weakness. The stress that causes the earthquakes is generally considered to be derived from present-day rifting at the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The northeastern U.S. has many known faults, but virtually all

by an earthquake. It is estimated that around 500,000 earthquakes occur each year, detectable with current instrumentation. About 100,000 of these can be felt. Minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the world in places like California and Alaska in the U.S., as well as in El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala, Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, the Azores in Portugal, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Italy, India, Nepal and Japan, but earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, including Downstate New York, England, and Australia. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship being exponential; for example, roughly ten times as many earthquakes larger than magnitude

than an increase in the number of earthquakes. The United States Geological Survey estimates that, since 1900, there have been an average of 18 major earthquakes (magnitude 7.0–7.9) and one great earthquake (magnitude 8.0 or greater) per year, and that this average has been relatively stable. In recent years, the number of major earthquakes per year has decreased, though this is probably a statistical fluctuation rather than a systematic trend. More detailed statistics on the size and frequency of earthquakes is available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). A recent increase in the number of major earthquakes has been

"1906 San Francisco earthquake"
length of California from the Salton Sea in the south to Cape Mendocino in the north, a distance of about . The maximum observed surface displacement was about 20 feet (6 m); geodetic measurements show displacements of up to 28 feet (8.5 m). The 1906 earthquake preceded the development of the Richter magnitude scale by three decades. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the quake on the modern moment magnitude scale is 7.9; values from 7.7 to as high as 8.3 have been proposed. According to findings published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, severe deformations in

"1994 Northridge earthquake"
1994 Northridge earthquake The 1994 Northridge earthquake was a of 6.7 (), blind thrust earthquake which occurred on January 17 at 4:30:55 a.m. PST in the San Fernando Valley region of the County of Los Angeles. Its epicenter was in Reseda, a neighborhood in the north-central Valley. The quake had a duration of approximately 10–20 seconds, and its peak ground acceleration of 1.8""g"" (16.7 m/s) was the highest ever instrumentally recorded in an urban area in North America. Strong ground motion was felt as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada, about 220 miles (360 km) from the epicenter. The peak

area surrounding Manhattan Island. The largest known earthquake in this region occurred in 1884 and had a magnitude of approximately 5. For this earthquake, observations of fallen bricks and cracked plaster were reported from eastern Pennsylvania to central Connecticut, and the maximum intensity reported was at two sites in western Long Island (Jamaica, New York and Amityville, New York). Two other earthquakes of approximately magnitude 5 occurred in this region in 1737 and 1783. The map show the distribution of earthquakes of magnitude 3 and greater that occurred in this region from 1924 to 2010, along with locations of the

can cause damage as far away as 40 km (25 mi) from its epicenter. Earthquakes stronger than about magnitude 5.0 generate ground motions that are strong enough to be damaging in the epicentral area. At well-studied plate boundaries like the San Andreas fault system in California, scientists can often make observations that allow them to identify the specific fault on which an earthquake took place. In contrast, east of the Rocky Mountains this is rarely the case. The New York City area is far from the boundaries of the North American plate, which are in the center of the Atlantic

who wrote put your hand in the hand of the man who stilled the water

"Myra Brooks Welch"
Myra Brooks Welch Myra Brooks Welch (October 12, 1877 – August 11, 1959 Los Angeles, California) was a poet that is known for her Christian poem ""The Touch of the Master's Hand"", which was also adapted into a film. Myra Brooks was born on October 12, 1877 in Farmington Township, Fulton County, Illinois to Mary (née Eshelman) and John W. Brooks. She was the youngest of four other siblings: Charles, David, Frank and Dessie. By 1900, she and her parents had relocated to Independence, Oregon, where she was working as a sales clerk in a store. Around 1901, she married

"John Cennick"
John Cennick John Cennick (12 December 1718 – 4 July 1755) was an early Methodist and Moravian evangelist and hymnwriter. He was born in Reading, Berkshire, England to an Anglican family and raised in the Church of England. At age nine, he heard his dying aunt proclaim ""Last night the Lord stood by me and invited me to drink of the fountain of life freely and I shall stand before the Lord as bold as a lion."" The words stayed with him for many years as the focus of his own fear of death and concern for his salvation. Being

be able to play music, such as the organ which she used to play. Her hands were disabled, but she wrote poems on a typewriter by pressing the keys with pencil erasers, despite the pain that it caused. She was named ""the poet with the singing soul"". Myra Brooks Welch Myra Brooks Welch (October 12, 1877 – August 11, 1959 Los Angeles, California) was a poet that is known for her Christian poem ""The Touch of the Master's Hand"", which was also adapted into a film. Myra Brooks was born on October 12, 1877 in Farmington Township, Fulton County, Illinois

"Ocean (band)"
Ocean (band) Ocean was a Canadian gospel rock band formed in 1970 in Toronto, Ontario. They are best known for their million-selling 1971 single ""Put Your Hand in the Hand"", penned by Gene MacLellan. The record sold over one million copies and received a gold disc in the United States awarded by the Recording Industry Association of America on 3 May 1971. Ocean consisted of Greg Brown (vocals, keyboard), Jeff Jones (bass, vocals), Janice Morgan (guitar, vocals), Dave Tamblyn (guitar), and Chuck Slater (drums). The album was recorded in Toronto in 1970 and originally released on the Yorkville label in

"Anne Steele"
used mainly by some of the Calvinistic Strict Baptist churches in England. Steele, like the Welsh poet, William Williams Pantycelyn, wrote missionary hymns before modern missionary and Bible societies were established. She also wrote a well-known Sunday school hymn before Sunday schools were established. It has often been written that the drowning of her betrothed, Robert Elscourt, a few hours before the time fixed for her marriage, deeply affected an otherwise quiet life. However, modern research refutes the details of this story. One man did ask for the hand of Anne Steele, in 1742. This was Benjamin Beddome, but she

"Thomas Blacklock"
Thomas Blacklock Rev Thomas Blacklock DD (10 November 1721 – 7 July 1791) was a Scottish poet. He was born near Annan, Dumfriesshire (now Dumfries and Galloway), of humble parentage, and lost his sight as a result of smallpox when six months old. He began to write poetry at the age of 12, and studied for the Church. He was appointed minister of Kirkcudbright, but was objected to by the parishioners on account of his blindness, and gave up the presentation on receiving an annuity. During the 1750s he was sponsored by the empiricist philosopher David Hume. He then retired

"Der Handschuh (Waterhouse)"
Der Handschuh (Waterhouse) Der Handschuh (""The Glove"") is a composition by Graham Waterhouse. He wrote the setting of Friedrich Schiller's ballad for cello and speaking voice in 2005. It was published in 2007 in Heinrichshofen's Verlag. Graham Waterhouse composed ""Der Handschuh"" in 2005, as a kind of melodrama in the tradition of spoken narrative to instrumental accompaniment, such as ballads by Robert Schumann and Richard Strauss, a crucial scene of Weber's opera ""Der Freischütz"" and 20th century settings by Schoenberg, William Walton, Henze and Poulenc's L'Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant. It is the composer's first major work for the

Taliesin
The tale was also recorded in a slightly different version by John Jones of Gellilyfdy (c. 1607). This story agrees in many respects with fragmentary accounts in the ""Book of Taliesin"". According to the ""Hanes Taliesin"", he was originally known as Gwion Bach ap Gwreang. He was a servant of Cerridwen and was made to stir the Cauldron of Inspiration for one year to allow for Cerridwen to complete her potion of inspiration. Upon completion of this potion, three drops sprang out and landed upon Gwion Bach's thumb. Gwion then placed his thumb in his mouth to soothe his burns

"Gene MacLellan"
can do."" Gene MacLellan Gene MacLellan (February 2, 1938 – January 19, 1995) was a Canadian singer-songwriter from Prince Edward Island. Among his compositions were ""Snowbird"", made famous by Anne Murray, ""Put Your Hand in the Hand, ""The Call"", ""Pages of Time"" and ""Thorn in My Shoe"". Elvis Presley, Lynn Anderson, Loretta Lynn, Joan Baez and Bing Crosby were among the many artists who recorded MacLellan's songs. MacLellan was born in Val-d'Or, Quebec in 1938. He grew up in Toronto in a working class Presbyterian family. As a child MacLellan contracted polio. MacLellan was one of the founding members of

"Put Your Hand in the Hand"
Put Your Hand in the Hand ""Put Your Hand in the Hand"" is a gospel pop song composed by Gene MacLellan and first recorded by Canadian singer Anne Murray from her third studio album ""Honey, Wheat and Laughter"". It became a hit single for the Canadian band Ocean, released as the title track to their debut album. The single peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100, kept from No.1 by Joy to the World by Three Dog Night. The song also reached number four on the Adult Contemporary chart. The single version omitted the instrumental, that occurs

"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle"
Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle is a 2004 American stoner comedy film and the first installment of the ""Harold & Kumar"" series. The film was written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg, and directed by Danny Leiner. The story follows Harold Lee (John Cho) and Kumar Patel (Kal Penn) as they decide to go to the fast food chain White Castle after smoking marijuana, but end up on a series of comical misadventures along the way. The film also features Fred Willard, Paula Garcés, Anthony Anderson, Dan Bochart, Ethan Embry, Jamie

ten days. Kumar convinces Harold to go with him to Amsterdam to pursue Maria, reminding him that marijuana is legal in the Netherlands. While living in Los Angeles, screenwriters Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg decided to write a low-budget stoner film and base the main characters on their high school friends from Randolph High School. They based the character of Harold on their real-life friend Harold Lee. Hurwitz got the idea to base the film around White Castle from his own experience craving White Castle burgers when he lived in Pennsylvania for several years. At the time, Pennsylvania did not

badges to obtain medical marijuana, but after being mistaken for his brother, Kumar is forced to perform surgery on a gunshot victim and, after the surgery, the patient tells them how to reach White Castle. Kumar spots Maria at a movie theatre, and decides to get her attention so Harold can talk to her, but Harold panics and crashes the car. They are rescued by Freakshow, a tow-truck driver, who takes them to his house to repair their car. Harold and Kumar are propositioned by Freakshow's surprisingly alluring wife, but after Freakshow suggests a foursome, Harold and Kumar flee in

ride it to White Castle, but Harold goes unconscious after hitting his head on a branch. After encountering a group of extreme sports punks who have been harassing the pair, Harold and Kumar steal their truck. A police officer spots the speeding truck and chases them. They are trapped when they reach the edge of a cliff. Spotting the White Castle below, Harold and Kumar use a hang glider from the truck to reach their destination. The pair place their orders but are disheartened to find they have no money. Harris suddenly appears, and pays for their meal as an

to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by ""Burger Shack"" but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill. Kumar suggests stopping at Princeton University to buy more marijuana. Kumar buys marijuana from one of the students and they are discovered by campus security and forced to flee, losing their marijuana after it falls in the toilet. Harold and Kumar resume their drive, and when Kumar pulls over to urinate, a raccoon gets in the car and bites Harold. Kumar takes Harold to a hospital where Kumar's father and older brother work. Kumar steals ID

"Harold & Kumar"
character is portrayed by John Cho in all three films. In ""Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle"", Harold is a hard-working man from the northern part of New Jersey. His lazy best friend and roommate is Kumar Patel. At times, Harold lets go of his obligations, but only during moments of extreme coercion, to the point where he amazes his laid-back friend Kumar. Harold is the yin to Kumar's yang, with the both of them being united through their enjoyment of cannabis smoking after a long day's work and or leisurely fun (such as aboard an airplane in the

"Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay"
joint Al-Qaeda and North Korean conspiracy and send them to Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. The duo escape and board a Cuban refugee boat to Miami, Florida where they begin their trek to Texas, hoping Colton can clear their names. The duo endure several misadventures on their way to Texas, such as staying at the home of an incestuous sibling couple and their inbred son, escaping a Ku Klux Klan rally, and visiting a brothel with Neil Patrick Harris, who helps them evade capture from Fox. When they reach Texas, Colton agrees to exonerate the duo, but upon seeing

"The White Castle"
throughout the many old, wooden houses of Istanbul, mistaken for ancient Korans, and left venerated and unread. With some encouragement, he decides to publish the manuscript. The preface ends with Faruk noting that the publisher chose the title of the book, and a remark on the nature of modern readers will try to connect the dedication to his sister to the tale that follows. (See metafiction). The story proper begins with an unnamed narrator being captured by the Turkish fleet while sailing from Venice to Naples. When the captain hesitates, the ship is taken, and the narrator and his fellows

as himself in the script without asking him first. Harris liked the script and agreed to appear in the film. During casting, both Kal Penn and actor Sendhil Ramamurthy were being considered for the role of Kumar. After auditioning seven times, Penn eventually won the part. ""Harold & Kumar"" began filming on May 12, 2003. The film is set in New Jersey, but was mainly filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Scenes set at Princeton University were actually filmed at the University of Toronto's Victoria College and Knox College. The production design team had to build a White Castle franchise especially

Patel decide to travel to Amsterdam, Netherlands so Harold can surprise his neighbor and newfound girlfriend Maria. At the airport, Kumar argues with a TSA agent for searching him “because of the color of his skin” despite the agent being black. The duo encounter Kumar's ex-girlfriend Vanessa Fanning, who is engaged to Colton Graham, a college friend of Harold's whose family has political connections. The plane passengers mistake Kumar's bong for a bomb and the duo are apprehended by sky marshals. Ron Fox, a neurotic and extremely racist Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, believes the duo are agents of a

"Sixth Central Pay Commission"
Sixth Central Pay Commission The Sixth Central Pay Commission was convened by the Union Cabinet of India on 5 October 2006. The Pay Commission was headed by B. N. Srikrishna. The other members of the Commission were Ravindra Dholakia, J. S. Mathur, and Member-Secretary Sushama Nath. The Sixth Central Pay Commission submitted its report to the Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram on 24 March 2008. On 29 August 2008, the government announced its decision to implement the report on ""structure of emoluments, allowances, conditions of service and retirement benefits of Central Government employees including ... the Defence Forces"", ""subject to some

date of posting of the Indian Administrative Service officer in that particular grade"".<ref name=""http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/Acts""></ref><ref name=""AV, 17/8""></ref> Sixth Central Pay Commission The Sixth Central Pay Commission was convened by the Union Cabinet of India on 5 October 2006. The Pay Commission was headed by B. N. Srikrishna. The other members of the Commission were Ravindra Dholakia, J. S. Mathur, and Member-Secretary Sushama Nath. The Sixth Central Pay Commission submitted its report to the Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram on 24 March 2008. On 29 August 2008, the government announced its decision to implement the report on ""structure of emoluments, allowances, conditions of

"Pay Commission"
various pay scales and mainly focused on reducing number of pay scales and bring the idea of pay bands. It recommended for removal of Group-D cadre. The Government of India has initiated the process to constitute the 7th Central Pay Commission along with finalisation of its Terms of Reference, the composition and the possible timeframe for submission of its Report. On 25 September 2013 then Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has approved the constitution of the 7th Pay Commission. Its recommendations are likely to be implemented with effect from 1 January 2016. Justice A.K Mathur

"7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces"
in the cabinet secretariat. There is no representation from the armed Forces in the empowered committee. Members of the Empowered Committee include: [1] Pradeep Kumar Sinha, Cabinet Secretary, Chairman; [2] Ashok Lavasa, IAS, Finance Secretary (Expenditure); [3] Rajiv Mehrishi, IAS, Ministry of Home (MHA); [4]G.Mohan Kumar, IAS, Defence Secretary, MOD; [5] CK Mishra, IAS (1983, Bihar cadre), Secretary, IAS, Secretary Health and Family Welfare;[6] B P Sharma, IAS (1981, Bihar cadre), Secretary, Personnel & Training; [7] Secretary Department of Pensions ; [8] Boyapati Venkat Sudhakar, Indian Postal Service, 1981 batch, Secretary, Department of Posts [9] A.K.Mittal, IRES, Chairman Railway Board

hired 16 consultants to advice it on its work. The consultants are not named in the report, and their contribution are not documented. The secretariat was composed of members of Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Postal service, Indian Railway Accounts Service, Indian Post and Telegraph Accounts and Finance Service. Senior officials involved in the preparation of the report were: Jayant Sinha, Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IA&AS), 1990 batch, (who on completion of his tenure in the 7th CPC was posted in the Department of Defence, Ministry of Defence); Ms Yashashri Shukla, Indian Post and Telegraph Accounts and Finance Service',

NN Vohra(1990–93) as defence secretary, and memos issued by Yogendra Narain in 2000, and Ajai Vikram Singh in 2004, and in 2005, when Anthony from Congress I was the defence minister. These administrative memo have been said to be 'irrelevant' to issues of rank equivalence. The press release ignores the fact that none of these memo met with armed forces approval, and that issues relating rank equivalence and status remain unresolved anomalies frequently flagged by the Chiefs of staff and retired Chiefs of the armed forces. Armed forces officer respond to MOD denials with skepticism. Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal said, ""

Ashok Lavasa,IAS, Finance Secretary, Chairman; [b] Rajiv Mehrishi, IAS, Home Secretary; [c] G.Mohan Kumar, IAS, Defence Secretary; [d] CK Mishra, IAS 1983, Bihar cadre, Secretary Health and Family Welfare; [e] B P Sharma, IAS 1981, Bihar cadre, Secretary, Personnel & Training; [f] Boyapati Venkat Sudhakar, Secretary, Department of Posts [g] A.K.Mittal, IRES, Chairman Railway Board. The armed forces are excluded from the anomalies committee, which has become cause of litigation. In response to a petition by Lt Colonel Preetpal Singh Grewal, a serving officer, the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh, issued notice to the Ministry of Defence (MOD) to

"Ninth Finance Commission"
Ninth Finance Commission The Ninth Finance Commission of India was set up in June 1987 under the chairmanship of Mr. N.K.P Salve. The members of the Commission were: The Commission was asked to adopt a normative approach in assessing the receipts and the expenditures on the revenue account not only of the states but also of the centre with due regard to the special problems of each state and the special requirement of the central government. Generating surpluses on revenue account of both the states and centre for capital investment should also be considered. Changes in the principles that govern

armed forces are about use of different principles, policy, and formula by the 7CPC for determining armed forces pay, allowances, level, rank equivalence, pension, and status in comparison with the civil services, including defence civilians, police and intelligence services. These anomalies they have argued affect morale, command and control, and cohesion. On 5 September 2016 the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government implemented the recommendations of the 7CPC including those affecting the armed forces with minor modifications. I On 7 September 2016, the Chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, wrote to Narendra Modi, the

modifications"". The Sixth Central Pay Commission, unlike the earlier Central Pay Commissions, was given a wide remit. It included making recommendations to rationalize the governmental organization and structure to make them more ""modern, professional and citizen friendly entities that are dedicated to the service of the people"". On 14 August 2008, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government, headed by Manmohan Singh, approved the Sixth Central Pay Commission recommendations with some modifications. Back pay was given from 1 January 2006 and allowances with effect from 1 September 2008. The report led to a six percent increase in the cost of living

"Detours (2016 film)"
She convinces Dan to tackle the relocation with her and her automated friend, Joe, her GPS with above-average artificial intelligence. ""Detours"" was shot over 20 days in September and October 2014. Interiors were shot in New Jersey and New York City. Exteriors were shot in New Jersey; North Carolina; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Savannah, Georgia; and Saint Petersburg, Florida. The score for ""Detours"" was created by Andre Fratto, and featured several original songs. ""Detours"" premiered at the Sunscreen Film Festival in Saint Petersburg, Florida, on April 30, 2016. It subsequently screened at the Golden Door Film Festival in Jersey City,

"Race 3"
film, Jacqueline underwent extensive training in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). The shooting of the film began on 9 November 2017 at the Mehboob Studios in Mumbai. The filming of Race 3 moved to Bangkok in Thailand for its second schedule where they filmed a song and an action sequence, which was choreographed by Anal Arasu, at the Floating Market and Rose Garden as well as the jungles of Kanchanaburi Province. After finishing the shoot in Thailand, the production team reached Abu Dhabi for its next schedule. The shooting schedule in Abu Dhabi lasted for 35 days where filming was done

"Race 3"
at Emirates Palace, Yas Viceroy Abu Dhabi, The St Regis Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre, Emirates Steel and the Liwa Desert. The action sequences in Abu Dhabi were choreographed by Tom Struthers, who has previously worked on movies like Inception, The Dark Knight and Dunkirk. For its next schedule the film unit moved to Kashmir and later on to Ladakh where Salman Khan and Jacqueline Fernandez filmed a romantic song. During the shooting, Salman Khan was convicted in the Blackbuck poaching case on 5 April 2018 by a Jodhpur Sessions Court, as a result of which the remaining

"The Detour (TV series)"
their kids Delilah (Ashley Gerasimovich) and Jareb (Liam Carroll) as they drive from their home in Syracuse, New York, to Florida for a family vacation. The trip experiences several dramatic delays such as car trouble, run-ins with law enforcement, unforeseen medical mishaps, and intervening locals. Additionally, it is revealed that Nate caused some professional trouble before leaving Syracuse and has ulterior motives for the Florida trip, fueling flashbacks and a framing device involving several law-enforcement agencies and an interrogation into his unspecified crimes. Season 2, the family settles in New York City as Nate finds a new career but more

The Detour (TV series) The Detour is an American comedy television series created by Jason Jones and Samantha Bee about a family vacation road trip. The series premiered on TBS on April 11, 2016. The show was renewed for a second season on April 6, 2016, five days prior to the series premiere. The second season premiered on February 21, 2017. On April 25, 2017, TBS renewed the series for a third season. On May 11, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season. The series follows Nate Parker, Jr. (Jason Jones), his wife Robin Randall (Natalie Zea), and

"Geordie Shore (series 3)"
Geordie Shore (series 3) The third series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, began airing on 26 June 2012 on MTV. The series concluded on 28 August 2012 after 8 episodes and 2 specials including a best bits episode and an episode counting down the top 10 moments from the series. This series is also known as ""Chaos in Cancun"" as it is the only series to be filmed in Cancún, Mexico, and it is the last series to feature Jay Gardner until his return in series 6 and Rebecca Walker. This series featured

show is based on the real life couple's own experience with family vacations. It was picked up for ten episodes in February 2015. On April 6, 2016, the show was renewed for a second season before the premiere. In Canada, ""The Detour"" premiered on April 21, 2016 on The Comedy Network. In Latin America it premiered on June 9, 2016 on TBS Latin America. It premiered on Comedy Central India on October 5, 2016. It is available in Australia on streaming service Stan as of January 2018. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 78% based

trouble as pieces of Robin's past begin to resurface including her relationship with her father, wanted felon J.R. Randall (James Cromwell). The framing device is once again present, with the couple now under interrogation by the United States Postal Inspection Service as an attempt to get at J.R., led by the overzealous (and very pregnant) Agent Edie (Laura Benanti). Season 3 sees the family flee to Alaska. The framing remains but with Nate and Robin discussing their case with their lawyer, Joe Delicious (Max Casella). TBS ordered the pilot, written by Jason Jones and Samantha Bee in October 2014. The

season was filmed by Random Productions LLC at various locations throughout Northwest Arkansas, including Fayetteville, Bentonville, Lincoln, Rogers and Springdale. Filming took place mainly in Fayetteville, from Mount Sequoyah to homes, apartments and restaurants around the city. Filming on location also included the use of stunts and pyrotechnics in residential areas, namely car explosions, smoke and loud noises. In regard to production on the series taking place in Arkansas, the director of Arkansas Economic Development Commission had stated in December 2017, ""This is the largest and most expensive production we've ever had in the state. With an estimated year from

"Detour (1945 film)"
he breaks down the door and discovers Vera strangled by the telephone cord. Al gives up the idea of contacting his girlfriend Sue again and returns to hitchhiking instead. Back in the framing narrative in the diner in Reno where the film opened, he imagines his inevitable arrest by the police. In 1972, Ulmer said in an interview that the film was shot in six days. However, in a 2004 documentary, Ulmer's daughter Arianne presented a shooting script title page which noted, ""June 14, 1945-June 29. Camera days 14."" Moreover, Ann Savage was contracted to PRC for the production of

"Monsters, Inc."
work and could take liberties here and there. Sometimes, I would suggest an idea about making the joke work better visually. Once the scene moved on to animation, the animators would plus the material even further."" Bill Murray was considered for the voice role of James P. ""Sulley"" Sullivan. He screen tested for the role and was interested, but when Pete Docter was unable to make contact with him, he took it as a ""no"". The voice role of Sulley went to John Goodman, the longtime co-star of the comedy series ""Roseanne"" and a regular in the films of the

Coen brothers. Goodman interpreted the character to himself as the monster equivalent of a National Football League player. ""He's like a seasoned lineman in the tenth year of his career,"" he said at the time. ""He is totally dedicated and a total pro."" Billy Crystal, having regretted turning down the part of Buzz Lightyear years prior, accepted that of Mike Wazowski, Sulley's one-eyed best friend and scare assistant. The casting of Steve Buscemi as Randall, Sulley's rival, saw a reunion between himself and John Goodman; they had previously worked together on ""The Big Lebowski"" and ""Barton Fink"". In November 2000,

drawings of ""Excuse My Dust"", a film that he had tried to sell to Hollywood in 1998. The lawsuit also stated that a story artist from Pixar visited Mouse in 2000, and discussed Mouse's work with him. A Disney spokeswoman responded, by saying that the characters in ""Monsters, Inc."" were ""developed independently by the Pixar and Walt Disney Pictures creative teams, and do not infringe on anyone's copyrights"". The case was ultimately settled under undisclosed terms. A prequel, titled ""Monsters University"", was released on June 21, 2013. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles of Sulley, Mike,

"Monsters University"
Monsters University Monsters University is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. It was directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae, with John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich as executive producers. The music for the film was composed by Randy Newman, marking his seventh collaboration with Pixar. It was the fourteenth feature film produced by Pixar, and is a prequel to 2001's ""Monsters, Inc."", marking the first time Pixar has made a prequel film. ""Monsters University"" tells the story of two monsters, Mike and Sulley,

and their time studying at college, where they start off as rivals, but slowly become best friends. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, Steve Buscemi, Bob Peterson, and John Ratzenberger reprise their roles as James P. Sullivan, Mike Wazowski, Randall Boggs, Roz, and the Abominable Snowman, respectively. Bonnie Hunt, who played Ms. Flint in the first film, voices Mike's grade school teacher Ms. Karen Graves. Disney, as the rights holder, had plans for a sequel to ""Monsters, Inc."" since 2005. Following disagreements with Pixar, Disney tasked its Circle 7 Animation unit to make the film. An early draft of the film was

Monsters, Inc. Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 American computer-animated buddy comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Featuring the voices of John Goodman, Billy Crystal, Steve Buscemi, James Coburn, and Jennifer Tilly, the film was directed by Pete Docter in his directorial debut, and executive produced by John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton. The film centers on two monsters – James P. ""Sulley"" Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski – employed at the titular energy-producing factory Monsters, Inc, which generates power by scaring human children. The monster world believes that children

prequel and the title ""Monsters University"" was announced. On April 4, 2011, it was confirmed that the film will be released on June 21, 2013. The feature was directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae. Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Steve Buscemi, Bob Peterson, and John Ratzenberger reprised their roles, and Bonnie Hunt voiced a new character. New voice cast included Dave Foley, Sean Hayes, Julia Sweeney, Helen Mirren, Alfred Molina, Peter Sohn, Charlie Day, Joel Murray, Nathan Fillion, Aubrey Plaza, Tyler Labine, John Kransinski, Bill Hader, Bobby Moynihan, and Beth Behrs. The plot of ""Monsters University"" details Mike

"Scott Whyte"
for Pop Tarts, and later appeared in the television series ""That '70s Show"", ""Just Shoot Me!"", ""The Nanny"", ""Full House"" and NBC's ""Hang Time"", along with hosting the television series ""Chicken Soup for the Soul"", based on the best selling books. His recent films include ""Reeker"", ""The Fallen Ones"", ""Voodoo Moon"", ""All In"" and ""Death Row"". He also voices Mr. Graham in the video game ""Mighty No. 9"" and various voices in ""Infamous Second Son"" """", ""Mad Max"", """", """" and """". Scott Whyte Scott Whyte (born January 8, 1978, in Manhattan Beach, California) is an American actor, best known

"Steve Buscemi"
Steve Buscemi Steven Vincent Buscemi (; ; born December 13, 1957) is an American actor, comedian, director, and former firefighter. Buscemi has starred and supported in numerous successful Hollywood and indie films, including ""Parting Glances"", ""New York Stories"", ""Mystery Train"", ""Reservoir Dogs"", ""Desperado"", ""Con Air"", ""Armageddon"", ""The Grey Zone"", ""Ghost World"", ""Big Fish"", and ""The Death of Stalin"". He is also known for his appearances in the Coen brothers films ""Miller's Crossing"", ""Barton Fink"", ""The Hudsucker Proxy"", ""Fargo"", and ""The Big Lebowski"". Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the ""Monsters, Inc."" franchise. From 2010 to 2014 he portrayed

are counted, then the total is 3,242 counties and county-equivalents in the United States. The number of counties per state ranges from the 3 counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. Counties have significant governmental functions in all states except Rhode Island and Connecticut, where county governments have been abolished but the entities remain for administrative or statistical purposes. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has removed most government functions from eight of its 14 counties. The county with the largest population, Los Angeles County (10,170,292), and the county with the largest land area, San Bernardino County, border each other

states, as many Northeastern states are not large enough in area to warrant a large number of counties, and many Western states were sparsely populated when counties were created. The five counties of Rhode Island, the eight counties of Connecticut, and eight of the 14 counties of Massachusetts no longer have functional county governments, but continue to exist as legal and census entities. The average U.S. county population was nearly 100,000 in 2015. The most populous county is Los Angeles County, California, with 10,170,292 residents in 2015. This number is greater than the populations of 41 U.S. states, and even

public school systems are organized and administered at the county level. , there were 3,007 counties, 64 parishes, 19 organized boroughs, 10 census areas, 41 independent cities, and the District of Columbia for a total of 3,142 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and District of Columbia. There are an additional 100 county equivalents in the territories of the United States. The average number of counties per state is 62, with a range from the three counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. Southern and Midwestern states generally tend to have more counties than Western or Northeastern

making it the world's third or fourth largest country. China and the United States are smaller than Russia and Canada in total area, but are larger than Brazil. By land area only (exclusive of waters), the United States is the world's third largest country, after Russia and China, with Canada in fourth. Whether the US or China is the third largest country by total area depends on two factors: (1) The validity of China's claim on Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract. Both these territories are also claimed by India, so are not counted; and (2) How US calculates its own

"Contiguous United States"
only country that is larger in total area than the contiguous United States, but smaller than the entire United States, while Russia, Canada and China are the only three countries larger than both. The 2010 census population of this area was 306,675,006, comprising 99.33% of the nation's population, and a density of 103.639 inhabitants/sq mi (40.015/km), compared to 87.264/sq mi (33.692/km) for the nation as a whole. While ""conterminous U.S."" has the precise meaning of ""contiguous U.S."" (both adjectives meaning ""sharing a common boundary""), other terms commonly used to describe the 48 contiguous states have a greater degree of ambiguity.

level as boroughs. The United States Census Bureau uses the term ""county equivalent"" to describe places that are comparable to counties, but called by different names. Louisiana parishes; the organized boroughs of Alaska; the District of Columbia; and the independent cities of the states of Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, and Nevada are equivalent to counties for administrative purposes. Alaska's Unorganized Borough is divided into 10 census areas that are statistically equivalent to counties. As of 2018, there are currently 3,142 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. If the 100 county equivalents in the U.S. territories

a ceremonial county of England, and a little more than a quarter of the median land area of a French ""département"". Counties in the western United States typically have a much larger land area than those in the eastern United States. For example, the median land area of counties in Georgia is , whereas in Utah it is . The most extensive county or county-equivalent is the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, with a land area of 145,505 square miles (376,856 km). All nine of the most extensive county-equivalents are in Alaska. The most extensive county is San Bernardino County, California,

"Uniforms of the United States Army"
similar to MultiCam. Current plans call for a full transition to the OCP by the autumn of 2019. The standard garrison service uniform is known as the ""Army Service Uniform"". It replaced the ""Army Greens,"" or ""Class A"" uniforms, in October 2015, which had been worn by all officers and enlisted personnel since its introduction in 1956, when it replaced earlier olive drab (OD) and khaki (called Tropical Worsted or TW) uniforms worn between the 1890s and 1985. The ""Army Blue"" uniform, dating back to the ""Virginia Blues"" of George Washington's first command, in the Colonial Virginia Militia, had previously

on physical training conditions. All parts of the uniform are styled in black and gold and include track jacket, short-sleeve and long-sleeve T-shirts, track pants, and stretchable running trunks. The uniform was released on October 1, 2014. No standard shoe style is specified to be worn; soldiers are expected simply to purchase commercial running shoes. Shoes with profane or vulgar logos, however, as well as ""toe shoes"" (such as the Vibram FiveFingers running shoe), are prohibited. U.S. Army uniform regulations define a class of ""special ceremonial units"" (SCU). SCUs, which include guards units and bands, are authorized to wear distinctive

served as the Army's formal dress uniform, was phased in to replace the Army Green and the Army White uniforms in October 2009. This uniform functions as both a garrison uniform (when worn with a white shirt and necktie) and a dress uniform (when worn with a white shirt and a bow tie for ""after six"" or ""black tie"" events). The blue uniform has been a mandatory wear item since fourth quarter, FY2014. The beret, adopted Army-wide in 2001, continues to be worn with the Army Service Uniform for non-ceremonial functions. The current service uniform will be replaced starting in

"Dress uniform"
uniform for officers and warrant officers since 1937. It was also authorized for wear by enlisted men and women at their own expense when off duty. It was decided in 2006 that all U.S. Army personnel were to transition to the blue uniform. New blue Army Service Uniforms were issued to initial entry training soldiers beginning in the 4th-quarter of fiscal year 2010. This replaces the ""Army Greens"" as a service dress, which are scheduled to be phased out of use in the 4th-quarter of Fiscal Year 2015. Dark blue was the traditional color of most Continental/U.S. Army uniforms from

"United States Army"
uniform. The Army Greens are projected to be first fielded in summer of 2020. The U.S. Army's black beret is no longer worn with the ACU for garrison duty, having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap. After years of complaints that it was not suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified or not (maroon beret), while members of Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) wear brown

"Army Service Uniform"
uniform. It is based on the older ""dress blue"" dress uniform. Older antecedents include the uniforms of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and the Union Army's during the American Civil War. Their influence is apparent in the overall blue theme, the officers' passants (shoulder-straps) and trouser design. On Veterans Day 2018, the Army announced that a new version of the Army Greens, based on the ""pinks and greens"" uniform worn in World War II, would be brought back as the everyday service uniform starting in 2020. The current Army Blues Uniform will return to being a formal dress

Army Service Uniform The Army Service Uniform (ASU) is a military uniform worn by United States Army personnel in situations where formal dress is called for. It can be worn at most public and official functions, and as an analog for business dress. In combat situations, the Army Combat Uniform is used. The blue ASU replaced the ""Army Green"" and ""Army White"" service uniforms. Originally created in 2008 as a secondary uniform to the former army ""class A greens"", in the autumn of 2010 it started being issued to all soldiers and now is worn army-wide as the official service

with the long sleeve white shirt when it is worn. Source: Army Service Uniform The Army Service Uniform (ASU) is a military uniform worn by United States Army personnel in situations where formal dress is called for. It can be worn at most public and official functions, and as an analog for business dress. In combat situations, the Army Combat Uniform is used. The blue ASU replaced the ""Army Green"" and ""Army White"" service uniforms. Originally created in 2008 as a secondary uniform to the former army ""class A greens"", in the autumn of 2010 it started being issued to

ranks until 1917 and reintroduced in a modernized form (with open collar and tie) for officers and warrant officers in 1937. Since 2010, enlisted soldiers have received the blue service uniform as part of their basic clothing bag issue when they enter the army during initial training. The Army further provides active-duty enlisted soldiers an annual clothing allowance to maintain their basic clothing bag issue items. The Army included a series of stipends in this annual clothing allowance to replace the green service uniform for already-serving soldiers. Commissioned officers are given a one-time stipend when commissioned to purchase their required

2020 by a new version of the ""Army Greens"", based on the ""pinks and greens"" uniform worn in World War II. The current Army Blues Uniform will return to being a formal dress uniform. The new service uniform will include khaki pants and brown leather oxfords for both men and women, with women having the option to wear a pencil skirt and pumps instead. There will be a leather bomber jacket as an outerwear option. Mess dress is the military term for the formal evening dress worn in the mess or at other formal occasions. This is generally worn as

"I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp"
the series due to other work commitments. They were replaced by Vicky Pattison, Stacey Solomon and Chris Ramsey. On 13 April 2017, Pattison and Ramsey both stated on social media that they would not be returning to the show in 2017. It was confirmed that 2016 winner Scarlett Moffatt was announced as a new presenter in September 2017 and will join long-running presenter Joe Swash on the new series. It was also confirmed that Joel Dommett would join the presenting lineup. Various TV presenters and comedians have hosted the show since it began in 2002, with Joe Swash having presented

left after three episodes. This led to Durden-Smith returning for the rest of the series, where he presented from the UK. He was joined by new presenters Kelly Osbourne and Jeff Brazier (briefly Steve Wilson before Brazier took over), who presented from the jungle in Australia. Also this series, a 5pm teatime programme, ""I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Exclusive"", ran each weekday on ITV. It was co-hosted by series 5 runner-up Sheree Murphy and Phillip Schofield in 2006. It did not return for a second series. For series 7–8, Matt Willis and his wife Emma took over from

November – 6 December 2004: 12 contestants, broadcast from 20 November – 5 December 2005: 12 contestants, broadcast from 13 November – 1 December 2006: 11 contestants, broadcast from 12–30 November 2007: 12 contestants, broadcast from 16 November – 5 December 2008: 13 contestants, broadcast from 15 November – 4 December 2009: ""I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here!"" returned on 14 November 2010 at 9 pm on ITV and ITV1 HD for its tenth series, as confirmed by presenters Ant and Dec at the end of the ""Coming Out"" show at the conclusion of series 9. This is

"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (U.S. TV series)"
NBC announced that there would not be a third season. The first season had 10 contestants. It aired nightly from February 19, 2003 to March 5, 2003 on ABC. John Lehr was the host from the Australian outback. The time differential created serious issues with the live feed. NBC picked up the former ABC show. It aired for 14 episodes and followed the UK's format. The series premiered with a two-hour episode 8–10 pm EDT on June 1, 2009. It aired with a two-hour episode every Monday 8–10 pm aired 8–9 pm EDT Tuesday through Thursday until its June 24

the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran ""The Butcher"" Flannery, also known as ""The C-Word"". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic ""The Domin8or"" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute

filmed completely live in Australia with occasional celebrity interviews based in London, shown through webcam. In the first series, the show was presented by Irish TV presenter Louise Loughman. In series 2–3, the show was presented by Mark Durden-Smith and Tara Palmer-Tomkinson. In series 4, Palmer-Tomkinson was absent and Durden-Smith was the only host. For the fifth series, Palmer-Tomkinson returned to present the show. Durden-Smith did not, as he decided to spend time with his children instead. He was replaced by Matt Brown. Palmer-Tomkinson did not return for series 6. In series 6, Brendon Burns initially presented the show, but

in which McPartlin suspended his TV duties for a year in 2018, leaving Donnelly to be joined by Holly Willoughby. ""I'm a Celebrity"" is often a ratings winner for ITV, attracting on average over 9 million viewers each series, with its success spawning an international franchise of the same name. The main show itself is accompanied on each series by a companion sister show on ITV2, entitled """", which features behind-the-scenes footage and discussions on celebrities voted out of latest episode. At present, the programme has run for eighteen series and 204 episodes and is contracted to be produced until

"Declaration of war by the United States"
times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ""make war"" was changed to ""declare war"" in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that

much to the annoyance of both American and British generals, who often complained about their unreliability. On June 1, 1812, President James Madison sent a message to Congress recounting American grievances against Great Britain, though not specifically calling for a declaration of war. After Madison's message, the House of Representatives deliberated for four days behind closed doors before voting 79 to 49 (61%) in favor of the first declaration of war. The Senate concurred in the declaration by a 19 to 13 (59%) vote in favour. The conflict began formally on June 18, 1812, when Madison signed the measure into

is usually followed, most notably during the Grenada Conflict, the Panamanian Conflict, the Somalia Conflict, the Persian Gulf War, and the Iraq War. The only exception was President Clinton's use of U.S. troops in the 78-day NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. In all other cases, the President asserted the constitutional authority to commit troops without the necessity of Congressional approval, but in each case the President received Congressional authorization that satisfied the provisions of the War Powers Act. On March 21, 2011, a number of lawmakers expressed concern that the decision of President Barack Obama to

in extended military combat that was authorized by Congress. In many instances, the United States has engaged in extended military engagements that were authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolutions and funded by appropriations from Congress. On at least 125 occasions, the President has acted without prior express military authorization from Congress. These include instances in which the United States fought in the Philippine–American War from 1898–1903, in Nicaragua in 1927, as well as the NATO bombing campaign of Yugoslavia in 1999, and the 2017 missile strikes on Syria. The United States' longest war was fought between 2001 and 2016

"Origins of the War of 1812"
the territorial expansion. On the first of June 1812, President James Madison gave a speech to the U.S. Congress, recounting American grievances against Great Britain, though not specifically calling for a declaration of war. After Madison's speech, the House of Representatives quickly voted (79 to 49) to declare war, and the Senate by 19 to 13. The conflict formally began on 18 June 1812 when Madison signed the measure into law. This was the first time that the United States had declared war on another nation, and the Congressional vote would prove to be the closest vote to declare war

against the Taliban in Afghanistan. The Indian Wars comprise at least 28 conflicts and engagements. These localized conflicts, with Native Americans, began with European colonists coming to North America, long before the establishment of the United States. For the purpose of this discussion, the Indian Wars are defined as conflicts with the United States of America. They begin as one front in the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and had concluded by 1918. The United States Army still maintains a campaign streamer for Pine Ridge 1890–1891 despite opposition from certain Native American groups. The American Civil War was not an

law and proclaimed it the next day. This was the first time that the United States had declared war on another nation, and the Congressional vote was the closest vote to formally declare war in American history. The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991, while not a formal declaration of war, was a closer vote. None of the 39 Federalists in Congress voted in favour of the war; critics of war subsequently referred to it as ""Mr. Madison's War."" Earlier in London on May 11, an assassin had killed Prime Minister Spencer Perceval, which resulted

control over every colony. The army had been deliberately kept small in England since 1688 to prevent abuses of power by the King. Parliament secured treaties with small German states for additional troops and sent an army of 32,000 men to America after a year, the largest that it had ever sent outside Europe at the time. In the colonies, the success of Thomas Paine's pamphlet ""Common Sense"" had boosted public support for independence. On July 2, Congress voted in favor of independence with twelve affirmatives and one abstention, issuing its declaration on July 4. Washington read the declaration to

"War Powers Clause"
War Powers Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the United States Constitution, sometimes referred to as the War Powers Clause, vests in the Congress the power to declare war, in the following wording: A number of wars have been declared under the United States Constitution, although there is some controversy as to the exact number, as the Constitution does not specify the form of such a declaration. Five wars have been declared by Congress under their constitutional power to do so: the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II.

Declaration of war by the United States A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another. The document Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications gives an extensive listing and summary of statutes which are automatically engaged upon the US declaring war. For the United States, of the Constitution says ""Congress shall have power to ... declare War."" However, that passage provides no specific format for what form legislation must have in order to be

"The Imperial March"
death and later with more force when Anakin tells Padmé Amidala what he did. It is played most prominently and recognizable during the final sequence when clone troopers assemble and depart Coruscant, foreshadowing that they will become the Imperial stormtroopers. Although ""Across the Stars"" is featured most prominently in the film's end credits, several notes from ""The Imperial March"" are heard beneath it near the end. In "" """"The Imperial March"" is first played when Anakin rebukes the Jedi Council for denying him the rank of Jedi Master, although being appointed to the Council. The track can also be heard

"You Can't Stop the Beat"
You Can't Stop the Beat ""You Can't Stop The Beat"" is the finale number in the 2002 musical ""Hairspray"". It is sung by Tracy, Link, Penny, Seaweed, Edna, Motor Mouth, Velma, and Amber with Corny and Wilbur as backing singers. Although the lyrics touch on sizeism and racism, the song also references broader themes of change and progression. The song pays tribute to the Phil Spector-produced 1966 Ike & Tina Turner hit ""River Deep – Mountain High"". The song was edited for the 2007 film. Notably the Von Tussle section was removed. It was shot however, and is featured as

"Final Destination (film)"
blood. Creating the Rube Goldberg effect for Ms. Lewton's death scene was the most difficult to plan according to the crew. Perry said that ""it was very hard to generate an atmosphere of dread, to create suspense out of scenes that are common"". No official album accompanied the motion picture. However, six songs are featured in the film, the most prominent of which is ""Rocky Mountain High"" by John Denver, which is heavily highlighted throughout the film, reminding the survivors that Denver died in a plane crash. The song is heard either before an accident or a character's demise, and

turn to reveal the name of the upcoming movie. Prior to this, Darth Vader can be heard breathing and his appearance is seen in the reflection of the floor. In the film proper, scored by Michael Giacchino, the theme can be heard when Vader emerges from his sanctum to confer with Director Orson Krennic, and again after Vader warns Krennic about overstepping his bounds. The theme can be heard once more when Vader attacks the Rebel soldiers trapped in a hallway; it is slowed down enough to not be obvious and married with a chorus reminiscent of that from ""Revenge

"Final Destination 3"
was composed by Shirley Walker, who wrote the soundtracks of the series' previous installments. Score mixer Bobby Fernandez created a ""gore-o-meter"", measuring the violence of each death to ensure the score would match the scenes. ""Final Destination 3"" is the only film in the series without a commercially released soundtrack. Greek-American musician Tommy Lee provided a cover of The O'Jays 1972 song ""Love Train"", which was used in the film's closing credits. Lee enjoyed ""put[ting his] own darker spin on it for the movie"". Several months before the film's release, New Line Cinema set up a promotional website, which linked

"Din Daa Daa"
""Din Daa Daa"" is probably best remembered for its characteristic, repetitive ""Din Daa Daa"" lyrics. While these lyrics are looped up throughout the song and while he is playing a heavy backbeat, Kranz sings busier and busier drum figures — which sound like ""Rat-ta-ta-ta-toom!"" — he then duplicates identically on his drum kit. The track later explodes with a strident synth chord. The song's tempo is 122 bpm and its original title, Trommeltanz, means ""drum dance"" in German. Its peculiarity is often highlighted; the song has actually been described by The Police's Stewart Copeland as ""a dialogue between a chimpanzee

"Ataque de Pánico!"
In a Heartbeat"", an instrumental piece by John Murphy. The music was originally composed for the 2002 film ""28 Days Later"". After being uploaded to YouTube, the film's reputation spread by word of mouth, and received a boost when it was linked from the blog of Kanye West. Fede Álvarez stated in a BBC interview: ""I uploaded ""Panic Attack!"" on a Thursday and on Monday my inbox was totally full of e-mails from Hollywood studios."" As a result of the popularity of the short, Ghost House Pictures signed with Álvarez for him to develop a new project. The resulting film

"Incident on 57th Street"
Beviglia describes as ""hiccuping"" from Vini Lopez' drumming. But upon Jane's line of ""Johnny don't cry,"" the music becomes more lively, with Danny Federici's organ taking prominence. After Johnny wakes up from their night of lovemaking, the music dies down again to a solo bass guitar part by Garry Tallent. There are three statements of the line ""We may find it out on the street tonight, baby/Or we may walk until the daylight maybe"" at the end of the song. Beviglia describes the first as ""a whisper,"" the second as being ""more assertive"" and the last as ""a maelstrom of

"F♯ A♯ ∞"
East Hastings Street in Vancouver's blighted Downtown Eastside. It begins with bagpipes reprising the theme of ""The Dead Flag Blues"" and backing the shouts of a street preacher. The sermon slowly quiets, and is replaced with the movement ""The Sad Mafioso..."", an edited version of which appeared in the film ""28 Days Later"". The movement also contains a brief portion where the band quietly sings in a rare occurrence of vocals. The track concludes with a series of electronic noises and buzzing until throbbing bass takes over. The final track, ""Providence"", is considerably longer than the first two, coming in

"Racing in the Street"
attempts to find salvation in the closing lines: Other views of the closing have been grimmer. In any case, the song concludes with a moving fugue-like instrumental coda with Bittan's piano, Federici's organ and Max Weinberg's drums intertwining. The chord progression in the choruses and coda is I–IV–ii–IV in the key of F. Springsteen uses the technique of withholding the V chord, which is only heard during the piano introduction and during a later transition; by reducing the chord's influence, the sense of longing or desperation in the song is heightened. ""Racing in the Street"" contains two clear homages: the

"Johnny Crawford"
a one-way ticket to California and encouraged her to pursue a Hollywood career. This led Jackson to early appearances on the ""Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"", before she was cast as a regular on ""SNL"". Johnny Crawford John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, ""The Rifleman,"" which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer. Crawford was born

Johnny Crawford John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, ""The Rifleman,"" which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer. Crawford was born in Los Angeles, the son of Betty (née Megerlin) and Robert Lawrence Crawford, Sr. His maternal grandparents were Belgian; his maternal grandfather was violinist Alfred Eugene Megerlin. In 1959, Johnny, his older brother Robert L.

"Mark McCain"
in his son. The emphasis on the father-son relationship also was a result of the popularity of Johnny Crawford's portrayal of Mark and his chemistry with his father. Holly George-Warren recalled, ""I remember me and all my girlfriends having crushes on Johnny."" Mark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series ""The Rifleman,"" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic

Mark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series ""The Rifleman,"" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series. However, Dennis Weaver, then portraying Chester Goode on CBS's ""Gunsmoke"", won the honor. Mark McCain was more than just a supporting player in ""The Rifleman"", as the boy's bond with his father was a core element of the show. In many

"The Rifleman"
Steven Gardner, and Arthur Gardner (related to original producers Levy-Gardner-Laven) as executive producers. The remake project was canceled a few months later, without a pilot episode being made. The TV show was also adapted into a comic book by Dan Spiegle, distributed by Dell Comics. The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. ""The

"Lucas McCain"
Lucas McCain Lucas McCain is a fictional character in the Western television series, ""The Rifleman"", which ran on ABC from 1958 to 1963. A rancher and widowed father with a penchant for using his Winchester firearm as a last resort, the part was portrayed by former athlete-turned-actor Chuck Connors. In the story, Lucas earns enough money from a turkey shoot contest to purchase a ranch near the fictitious town of North Fork in the New Mexico Territory, where, presumably in the 1880s, he dedicates himself to rearing his son, Mark McCain, played by singer/actor and former Mousketeer Johnny Crawford. The

"Mark Arnott"
Mark Arnott Mark Arnott (born June 15, 1950) is an American actor and martial artist. He is best known for his recurring role as Mark on the NBC television show ""Cheers"", and as Jeff Andrews in ""Return of the Secaucus 7"", John Sayles' debut film as a director. He did thirty years of other TV shows, playing in ""Joan of Arcadia"", ""The Bernie Mac Show"", ""NYPD Blue"", soap operas, ""Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer"" and other movies of the week. Mark Arnott was born in Chicago, the son of copy editor Martha Adelade Arnott (née Wood) and psychologist George Peter Arnott.

"Paul Gutrecht"
with divorce, co-parenting, life transitions and litigation stress reduction. He also works with clients on substance abuse issues, and runs groups on communication skills, family dynamics and self-care. Paul Gutrecht Paul Gutrecht (born September 5, 1967) is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and therapist. He played Mark Wilson in the first entry of the Saw film series. He has also had guest appearances in television series. Gutrecht attended Cornell University from 1985-1989. Aside from his acting career, Gutrecht attended Antioch University Los Angeles from 2012-2013 and became a marriage and family therapist working in Santa Monica, California since 2016.

"Mark Lenard"
the ""Star Trek"" franchise included the prosecutor in Fort Grant in the Clint Eastwood movie, ""Hang 'Em High"" (1968). He also played the character Aaron Stempel in the television series ""Here Come the Brides"", and the hostile gorilla Urko in the television series ""Planet of the Apes"". He made a guest appearance on ""Little House on the Prairie"" in the episode ""Journey in the Spring, Part I"" playing Peter Ingalls, older brother of Charles Ingalls. He had roles in ""Gunsmoke"" several times, including the episode ""Nowhere to Run"" (1968). Lenard guest starred in several episodes of the original """", including

also appeared in the series, including Claude Akins, James Coburn (credited as ""Jim"") Mark Goddard, Dan Blocker, Dennis Hopper, Michael Landon, Warren Oates, Harry Dean Stanton, Robert Vaughn, Robert Culp,(who starred in his ""own"" western series for Four Star Productions, """"Trackdown"""" from 1957–59), Martin Landau, and Richard Kiel. Notable people in other fields also made cameo appearances such as future baseball Hall of Famers Duke Snider and Don Drysdale, comedian Buddy Hackett and writer, director and producer Paul Mazursky. It was partially filmed in Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. The series was created by Arnold Laven and developed

"Cuellar (surname)"
Cuellar (surname) Cuellar or Cuéllar is a Spanish surname that was derived from the name of the town Cuéllar in the Segovia province of Spain, with spelling variations that include; Cuéllar, de Cuéllar, Cuellar, de Cuellar, Cuello, de Cuello, Coello de Coello and many more, and were first found in the Kingdom of Castile, an important Christian kingdom of medieval Spain. Ocariz qualifies the nobility for that of Cuéllar; and in effect long enough to give a full idea of its age and noble origin, of nobility and high merits of its illustrious sons and elevated junctions and alliances they

Ochoa
1.3% of El Salvador (1:861). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:3,191) in the following autonomous communities: In Honduras, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:492) in the following departments: Ochoa Ochoa () is a Spanish surname of Basque origin common throughout Spain, France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; it was originally a given name in Medieval Spain. The name originated in the Basque Country and means ""wolf"" in the Basque language (spelled ""otsoa"" or ""otxoa"" in Standard Basque). There was also a

Ochoa
Ochoa Ochoa () is a Spanish surname of Basque origin common throughout Spain, France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; it was originally a given name in Medieval Spain. The name originated in the Basque Country and means ""wolf"" in the Basque language (spelled ""otsoa"" or ""otxoa"" in Standard Basque). There was also a female given name ""Ochanda"" (meaning ""female wolf"", cf. the elegant tower in the old quarter of Vitoria-Gasteiz named after Ochanda, proper name of the daughter of a man responsible for revamping the tower in the 16th century) and ""Ochotorena ""or""

Nabarro
1, 1510. In the US, Nabarro ranked 37,299 as the most frequently occurring surname. Nabarro Nabarro is a Spanish surname with the following spelling variations: Navarro (21st most common surname in Spain), Navaro, Navarijo, Najara, Najera, and de Najera. The formation of the surname suggests it to be a location surname originating in the ancient Kingdom of Navarre, formerly the Kingdom of Pamplona, which is a territory under the influence of Basque culture. Location surnames are thought to be due to the migration tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages to easily identify arrivals. The first recorded spelling of the

Arrazola
Arrazola The surname Arrazola (""also written as: de Arrazola, Arraçola, Arazola, Arazzola, etc."") traces back to the Gipuzkoa province of Spain and stems from an historic family of lower Spanish nobility. A number of its members fulfilled high governmental, administrative and military functions in the Spanish Empire. While still present in current day Spain, name-bearers can also be found in Colombia, Mexico and Belgium. The earliest proof of the name Arrazola that refers to this specific family is a made in court cases before the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid from the early 15th century. Proofs of nobility ('Uradel')

"Mejía (surname)"
Mejía (surname) Mejía is a Spanish surname. Several theories exist as to its origins and etymology. The prevailing belief is that the name has Galician origins. The surname is most common in Spain and Latin American countries, including Colombia and Mexico. The surname may have originated as a toponym for the town of Muxia in Galicia, an autonomous community in north-western Spain. Another idea is that the word ""Mexia"" used to mean ""medicine"" in an old variant of Spanish, and that this is where the surname came from. One common belief is that the name may have Sephardic origins, from

Zambrano
Zambrano Zambrano is a surname of Spanish and also Basque origin. Members of this family have played a prominent role through the history of Spain and The Americas. Zambrana or Zambrano comes from the word ""soberano"" (""sovereign""). The Zambrano family originated in the mountains of Biscay. Piferrer records that the first to bear this name was Fortun Sanchez. Francisco Zazo y Rosillo, the Chronicler King of Arms to Philip V of Spain, chronicled the lineage of the Zambrano family from its origins in the village of Zambrana in the Guizpuzcoa province in what was at the time the Kingdom of

Arrazola
historic order: Arrazola The surname Arrazola (""also written as: de Arrazola, Arraçola, Arazola, Arazzola, etc."") traces back to the Gipuzkoa province of Spain and stems from an historic family of lower Spanish nobility. A number of its members fulfilled high governmental, administrative and military functions in the Spanish Empire. While still present in current day Spain, name-bearers can also be found in Colombia, Mexico and Belgium. The earliest proof of the name Arrazola that refers to this specific family is a made in court cases before the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid from the early 15th century. Proofs of

Abaunza
Abaunza Abaunza is a surname of Basque origin. As of 2014, 59.0% of all known bearers of the surname ""Abaunza"" were residents of Colombia (frequency 1:21,676), 11.9% of Mexico (1:279,548), 10.6% of the United States (1:907,667), 8.5% of Nicaragua (1:18,934), 4.3% of Spain (1:291,186), 1.9% of Argentina (1:610,622) and 1.2% of Venezuela (1:702,426). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:291,186) only in one autonomous community: In Nicaragua, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:18,934) in the following departments: In Colombia, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average

Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital), aged 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were ""Money can't buy life."" Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his guitar. On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, declaring: A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in

as his cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was canceled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received an alternative cancer treatment called Issels treatment partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting his cancer without success for eight months Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica. While Marley was flying home from Germany to Jamaica, his vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. Marley died on 11 May 1981 at

Christmas Carol"" opens on a bleak, cold Christmas Eve in London, seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner, Jacob Marley. Scrooge, an ageing miser, dislikes Christmas and refuses a dinner invitation from his nephew Fred—the son of Fan, Scrooge's dead sister. He turns away two men who seek a donation from him to provide food and heating for the poor, and only grudgingly allows his overworked, underpaid clerk, Bob Cratchit, Christmas Day off with pay to conform to the social custom. That night Scrooge is visited at home by Marley's ghost, who wanders the Earth entwined by

"Jacob Marley"
Jacob Marley Jacob Marley is a fictional character who appears in Charles Dickens's 1843 novella ""A Christmas Carol"". He is Ebenezer Scrooge’s deceased business partner, now a chained and tormented ghost, doomed to wander the earth forever as punishment for his greed and selfishness when he was alive. Marley roams restlessly, witnessing the hardships others suffer and lamenting that he has forever lost his chance to help them. Marley arranges for the three spirits to visit Scrooge and gives his friend an opportunity for redemption, which Marley tells him was ""...a chance and hope of my procuring."" In ""A Christmas

A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. ""A Christmas Carol"" recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Dickens wrote ""A Christmas Carol"" during a period when the British were

"A Christmas Carol (2004 film)"
rebuffs all of their requests for charity; as he walks away from each, they imply that Scrooge will pay for his actions, specifically referencing his past, present, and future respectively. Meanwhile, Scrooge's faithful but long-suffering clerk Bob Cratchit returns to his own impoverished family, telling his ill son Tiny Tim that despite their circumstances, their love for one another is the greatest treasure on Earth (""You Mean More to Me""). That night, as Scrooge dines alone before going to bed, the ghost of his seven-year dead partner Jacob Marley appears; Marley is doomed to spend the afterlife bound in heavy

wasted lives by attempting to help a homeless mother and baby. Jacob Marley Jacob Marley is a fictional character who appears in Charles Dickens's 1843 novella ""A Christmas Carol"". He is Ebenezer Scrooge’s deceased business partner, now a chained and tormented ghost, doomed to wander the earth forever as punishment for his greed and selfishness when he was alive. Marley roams restlessly, witnessing the hardships others suffer and lamenting that he has forever lost his chance to help them. Marley arranges for the three spirits to visit Scrooge and gives his friend an opportunity for redemption, which Marley tells him

"A Christmas Carol (1982 film)"
Scrooge receives a ghostly visit from his long deceased partner Jacob Marley, who had died exactly seven years before on that same day. In his life, Jacob Marley had been just as selfish and uncaring as Scrooge was now. He tells Ebenezer about how his soul has not had a moment's rest since his death and how his spirit has been doomed to wander the earth looking down at what might have been, had he been a different man. He tells Scrooge that he wants to spare him that same fate, and that on that night, he will receive the

is stronger than his affection for her. In a final tragic moment, Marley himself suddenly falls ill in their counting house on Christmas Eve, dying in Scrooge's arms. At the stroke of Two, the Ghost of Christmas Present--who resembles the barker selling tickets--haunts Scrooge and shows him how others keep the spirit of the season (""Abundance and Charity""). He first transports him to a joyous Christmas pageant, where dancers and singers describe the pleasures found in the Yuletide; the lessons seem to be affecting Scrooge, as he joins in the pageant and gives young Grace Smythe (who is in the

he was invited to perform at 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe's Independence Day. ""Uprising"" (1980) was Bob Marley's final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes ""Redemption Song"" and ""Forever Loving Jah"". ""Confrontation"", released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit ""Buffalo Soldier"" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica. In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of a toe. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match

"Engagement ring"
These sets often have matching rings and are lower in price. In Nordic countries, engagement rings are worn by both men and women. Traditionally they are plain gold bands, although more ornate designs and other materials are gaining popularity. The engagement rings resemble the wedding bands sold in the United States, whereas women's wedding rings may resemble US engagement rings. In North America and the United Kingdom, it is customarily worn on the left hand ring finger. Similar traditions purportedly date to classical times, dating back from an early usage reportedly referring to the fourth finger of the left hand

sometimes credited with having invented the engagement ring, and the ancient Greeks with having adopted the tradition, the history of the engagement ring can only be reliably traced as far back as ancient Rome. In many countries, engagement rings are placed on the ring finger of the left hand. At one time it was believed that this finger contained a vein (the vena amoris) that led to the heart. This idea was popularized by Henry Swinburne in ""A treatise of Spousals, or Matrimonial Contracts"" (1686). The story seems to have its origin in the ancient Roman book ""Attic Nights"" by

is customarily worn on the left hand ring finger, but customs vary considerably elsewhere across the world. Neither the engagement nor any other ring is worn during the wedding ceremony, when the wedding ring is put by the groom on the finger of the bride as part of the ceremony, and sometimes by the bride onto the groom's finger. After the wedding, the engagement ring is usually put back on, and is usually worn on the outside of the wedding ring. Some brides have their engagement and wedding rings permanently soldered together after the wedding. Although the ancient Egyptians are

This was decided in the case ""Jacobs v Davis"" (1917). Engagement rings, like any other kind of jewelry, come in many different styles. Gold (Available in Yellow Gold, White Gold and Rose Gold) and platinum are preferred for engagement rings, but common metal types such as titanium, silver, and stainless steel are also used for engagement rings. This allows for the bride-to-be to exert her own individual style into the ring in a simple manner. In the United States, where engagement rings are worn by women, diamonds have been widely featured in engagement rings since the middle of the 20th

Engagement ring An engagement ring is a ring indicating that the person wearing it is engaged to be married, especially in Western cultures. A ring is presented as an engagement gift by a partner to their prospective spouse when they propose marriage or directly after a marriage proposal is accepted. It represents a formal agreement to future marriage. In Western countries, engagement rings are worn mostly by women, and rings can feature diamonds or other gemstones. In some cultures, men and women wear matching rings, and engagement rings may also be used as wedding rings. In Anglo-Saxon countries, the ring

"Ring (jewellery)"
become the customary place to wear a wedding ring in much of the world, though in certain countries the right hand finger is used. This custom was practically established as the norm during World War II. The use of the fourth finger of the left hand (the 'ring finger') is associated with an old belief that the left hand's ring finger is connected by a vein directly to the heart: the ""vena amoris"" or vein of love. This idea was known in 16th and 17th century England, when Henry Swinburne referred to it in his book about marriage. It can

replaced with the wedding ring or moved to the right hand. Traditionally, women in the British Isles may propose marriage to men during a leap year. Women proposing has become more common in recent years, to the point that some jewelry companies have started manufacturing men's engagement rings. They resemble typical men's rings, often with a diamond centrepiece. In the countries where both sexes have traditionally worn engagement rings, the rings tend to be plainer bands, and there is no real difference between men's and women's engagement ring designs. Engagement ring An engagement ring is a ring indicating that the

values them according to their carat weight, color, clarity and cut. Other gemstones, such as sapphires, rubies, emeralds, have different systems. The jewelry may be chosen to honor a family tradition, to use family heirlooms, to have an unusual style, to have socially responsible characteristics (e.g., a style that is not associated with blood diamond controversy or the pollution caused by gold mining and cyanide process), to fit the individual's stylistic preferences, or to manage cost. Synthetic stones and diamond substitutes such as cubic zirconias and moissanites are also popular choices that are socially responsible and reduce cost while maintaining

women to wear engagement rings. The rings are often in the form of a plain band of a precious metal. Sometimes, the engagement ring eventually serves as the wedding ring for the man. In Brazil, for example, the groom and bride-to-be usually wear a plain wedding band on the right hand during the course of their engagement. After the wedding, the band is moved to the left hand. In Argentina, it is also known for the groom and bride-to-be to wear a plain silver band on the left hand while engaged. Then, after the wedding the silver band is either

"Ceramic art"
Ceramic art Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay. It may take forms including art ware, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. Ceramic art is one of the arts, particularly the visual arts. Of these, it is one of the plastic arts. While some ceramics are considered fine art, as pottery or sculpture, some are considered to be decorative, industrial or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture

and decorate the art ware. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as ""art pottery"". In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. The word ""ceramics"" comes from the Greek ""keramikos"" (κεραμικος), meaning ""pottery"", which in turn comes from ""keramos"" (κεραμος) meaning ""potter's clay"". Most traditional ceramic products were made from clay (or clay mixed with other materials), shaped and subjected to heat, and tableware and decorative ceramics are generally still made this way. In modern ceramic engineering usage, ceramics is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the action of

"The arts"
been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live. Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such as pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine art, some are considered to be decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology.Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Products

"Fine art"
are high-quality pottery, often painted, moulded or otherwise decorated, and in many periods distinguished from ""coarse"" wares, which are basic utilitarian pots used by the mass of the population, or in the kitchen rather than for more formal purposes. Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping hard or plastic material, commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, or wood. Some sculptures are created directly by ; others are assembled, built up and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated, it is considered one of the plastic arts. The majority

Sculpture
Sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded or cast. Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the

Pottery
(10,500 BC), the Russian Far East (14,000 BC), Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Pottery is made by forming a ceramic (often clay) body into objects of a required shape and heating them to high temperatures in a kiln which removes all the water from the clay, which induces reactions that lead to permanent changes including increasing their strength and hardening and setting their shape. A clay body can be decorated before or after firing; however, prior to some shaping processes, clay must be prepared. Kneading helps to ensure an even moisture content throughout the body. Air trapped within the clay

Sculpture
wax, unfired clay, or plasticine. Many cultures have produced pottery which combines a function as a vessel with a sculptural form, and small figurines have often been as popular as they are in modern Western culture. Stamps and moulds were used by most ancient civilizations, from ancient Rome and Mesopotamia to China. Wood carving has been extremely widely practiced, but survives much less well than the other main materials, being vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire. It therefore forms an important hidden element in the art history of many cultures. Outdoor wood sculpture does not last long in most

"The arts"
from a pottery are sometimes referred to as ""art pottery."" In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic engineering usage, ""ceramics"" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the action of heat. It excludes glass and mosaic made from glass ""tesserae."" Conceptual art is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work takes precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated

"Craft production"
Craft production Craft production is the process of manufacturing by hand with or without the aid of tools. The term Craft production refers to a manufacturing technique applied in the hobbies of handicraft but was also the common method of manufacture in the pre-industrialized world, such as in the production of pottery. In the craft manufacturing process, the final product is unique. While the product may be of extremely high quality, the uniqueness can be detrimental as seen in the case of early automobiles. Womack, Jones and Roos in the book ""The Machine That Changed the World"" detailed that early

Stonemasonry
Stonemasonry The craft of stonemasonry (or stonecraft) involves creating buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone from the earth, and is one of the oldest trades in human history. These materials have been used to construct many of the long-lasting, ancient monuments, artifacts, cathedrals, and cities in a wide variety of cultures. Famous works of stonemasonry include the Egyptian Pyramids, the Taj Mahal, Cusco's Incan Wall, Easter Island's statues, Angkor Wat, Borobudur, Tihuanaco, Tenochtitlan, Persepolis, the Parthenon, Stonehenge, Great Wall of China, Chartres Cathedral, and Pumapunku. Masonry is the craft of shaping rough pieces of rock into accurate geometrical shapes, at

"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
ineligible to chart on the ""Billboard"" singles charts (due to chart rules at the time), but reached numbers 18 and 58 in the R&B and Pop Airplay charts, respectively. It also reached number two on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The track was produced by Dat Nigga Daz (who now goes by Daz Dillinger) and samples the song ""A Dream"" by DeBarge. The song was recorded the same day 2Pac was released from prison, and was the second song he recorded when he came out (""Ambitionz Az a Ridah"" being the first). The single was released two days after 2Pac's

"Ain't No Shame in My Game"
Ain't No Shame in My Game Ain't No Shame in My Game is the debut studio album by American rapper Candyman. It was released on October 2, 1990 via Epic Records with distribution by CBS Records Inc. Production was handled by the Candyland Band and executive producer Ken Komisar. The album peaked at number 40 on the ""Billboard"" 200 and at number 18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States, and at number 65 on the Album Top 100 in the Netherlands. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 18, 1990.

Eric Holder referenced the song in December 2014, when protestors interrupted him while he was giving a speech in Atlanta, Georgia at Ebenezer Baptist Church. In response, Holder stated to the protestors, ""I’m not mad at cha"". I Ain't Mad at Cha ""I Ain't Mad at Cha"" is a song by rapper 2Pac released shortly after his death as the sixth single from his album ""All Eyez on Me"". It was also his last single using the stage name 2Pac. The song features contemporary soul singer Danny Boy who provided the vocals for the song's hook. The song did well

I Ain't Mad at Cha ""I Ain't Mad at Cha"" is a song by rapper 2Pac released shortly after his death as the sixth single from his album ""All Eyez on Me"". It was also his last single using the stage name 2Pac. The song features contemporary soul singer Danny Boy who provided the vocals for the song's hook. The song did well in the United Kingdom, reaching the number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and on the UK R&B Charts peaking at number 3. It was not released as a single in the United States, thus making it

his connection to the hood and how his old associates think negatively of him now. In the censored version, the third verse of the song is completely replaced with new lyrics which talk about the struggles of living, a message to God, and life after death. ""I Ain't Mad at Cha"" was the first song to interpolate the core melody of the song ""A Dream"" an album track by DeBarge, written and performed by Bunny, and taken from their 1983 album ""In a Special Way"". This makes the instrumentals very identical. This is most apparent in the piano usage which

"I Ain't Cha Homey"
I Ain't Cha Homey I Ain't Cha Homey is the seventh extended play by Esham A. Smith. Released on July 28, 2009, the album consists entirely of freestyle raps, and marks the return of Smith's ""Homey the Clown"" persona, which had first appeared on his 1991 EP ""Homey Don't Play"". A music video for ""Happy Happy Joy Joy"" was released, in which Smith wore face paint supplied by Insane Clown Posse member Joseph Bruce. Following the release of the album, rumors surfaced that it was a diss towards Insane Clown Posse. Smith stated that he had recorded the album's tracks

"All Eyez on Me"
Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments. ""I Ain't Mad at Cha"" featuring singer Danny Boy, was released shortly after Shakur's death as the final single from the album, on September 15, 1996. For the video the song was re-recorded with a live band. The new track was recorded at Can-Am Studios by Conley Abrams. The video was shot weeks before Shakur's death. ""All Eyez on Me"" received widespread acclaim. ""Spin"" magazine gave it 7 out of 10 and said: ""As long as you don't expect philanthropy from Tupac, you'll find honesty and some pleasurably twisted scenarios.""

"Steers & Stripes"
Steers & Stripes Steers & Stripes is the seventh studio album by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in April 2001 via Arista Nashville. The album produced five singles on the US ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, of which the first three were all Number Ones. ""Ain't Nothing 'bout You"", the first single, became the duo's biggest hit, not only spending six weeks at the top of the country charts, but also reaching #25 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was also declared by ""Billboard"" as the Number One

"PCD (album)"
""Don't Cha was released as the lead single from ""PCD"" on April 19, 2005. The song was met with positive reviews who praised the high dose of energy and the song's chorus. The track peaked at number two on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100, becoming the highest-peaking single in the country. The song was as also successful in other international markets, peaking number one Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video was released directed by Paul Hunter and sees the group in various activities including drag racing in a jeeps and jumping

communities of similar organisms found in a particular environment are called

"Community (ecology)"
Community (ecology) In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis. The term community has a variety of uses. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific place or time, for example, ""the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization"". Community ecology or synecology is the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations. The

Symbiosis
live on their own. The algal or cyanobacterial symbionts in lichens, such as ""Trentepohlia"", can generally live independently, and their symbiosis is, therefore, facultative (optional). Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as ""Frankia"", which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects. Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont

Symbiosis
Symbiosis Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις ""living together"", from σύν ""together"" and βίωσις ""living"") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, may be of the same or of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as ""the living together of unlike organisms"". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens; biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or both of the

"Symbiotic bacteria"
Symbiotic bacteria Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism or each other. For example, Zoamastogopera, found in the stomach of termites, enable them to digest cellulose. Symbiosis was first defined by Anton de Bary in 1869 in a work entitled ""Die Erscheinung der Symbiose"" in which he defined the term as ""namely, the living together of parasite and host"". Associated with the term ""symbiosis"" are terms: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and amensalism. This may define or limit the type of ""living together"" of two organisms, be they plant, animal, protist or bacteria they practice. Some types of cyanobacteria

"Plant community"
Plant community A plant community (sometimes ""phytocoenosis"" or ""phytocenosis"") is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types. The components of each plant community are influenced by soil type, topography, climate and human disturbance. In many cases there are several soil types within a given phytocoenosis. A plant community can be described ""floristically"" (the species it contains) and/or ""physiognomically"" (its physical structure). For example, a forest (a community of trees) includes the overstory, or upper tree layer of the canopy, as well

between species in which both benefit. Examples include ""Rhizobium"" bacteria growing in nodules on the roots of legumes and insects pollinating the flowers of angiosperms. Commensalism is a type of relationship among organisms in which one organism benefits while the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed. The organism that benefited is called the ""commensal"" while the other organism that is neither benefited nor harmed is called the ""host"". For example, an epiphytic orchid attached to the tree for support benefits the orchid but neither harms nor benefits the tree. The opposite of commensalism is amensalism, an interspecific relationship in

"Colony (biology)"
Colony (biology) In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another. This association is usually for mutual benefit such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey. It is a cluster of identical cells (clones) on the surface of (or within) a solid medium, usually derived from a single parent cell, as in bacterial colony. In contrast, a solitary organism is one in which all individuals live independently and have all of the functions needed to survive and reproduce. Colonies, in the context of development,

"Association (ecology)"
Association (ecology) In phytosociology and community ecology an association is a type of ecological community with a predictable species composition, consistent physiognomy (structural appearance) which occurs in a particular habitat type. The term was first coined by Alexander von Humboldt and formalised by the International Botanical Congress in 1910. An association can be viewed as a real, integrated entity shaped either by species interactions or by similar habitat requirements, or it can be viewed as merely a common point along a continuum. The former view was championed by American ecologist Frederic Clements, who viewed the association as a whole that

"Functional group (ecology)"
Functional group (ecology) A functional group is merely a set of species, or collection of organisms, that share alike characteristics within a community. Ideally, the lifeforms would perform equivalent tasks based on domain forces, rather than a common ancestor or evolutionary relationship. This could potentially lead to analogous structures that overrule the possibility of homology. More specifically, these beings produce resembling effects to external factors of an inhabiting system. Due to the fact that a majority of these creatures share an ecological niche, it is practical to assume they require similar structures in order to achieve the greatest amount of

which a product of one organism has a negative effect on another organism but the original organism is unaffected. Parasitism is an interaction in which one organism, the host, is harmed while the other, the parasite, benefits. A major research theme among community ecology has been whether ecological communities have a (nonrandom) structure and, if so how to characterise this structure. Forms of community structure include aggregation and nestedness. Community (ecology) In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known

what happened to the west wing of the white house during a christmas party in 1929

"Fire in the Winter Palace"
Fire in the Winter Palace The fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg, then the official residence of the Russian emperors, occurred on December 17, 1837, and was caused by soot inflammation. The Palace burned for three days, and the glow was visible for 50–70 versts (50–75 km / 30–45 mi). Thirty guardsmen died in the fire, although nearly all the items were saved (notably the imperial throne, guards banners, portraits of Russian generals from the Field Marshals' Hall and Military Gallery and the utensils of the Grand Church). The fire broke out after smoke from an unswept chimney

100,000 rubles. Fire in the Winter Palace The fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg, then the official residence of the Russian emperors, occurred on December 17, 1837, and was caused by soot inflammation. The Palace burned for three days, and the glow was visible for 50–70 versts (50–75 km / 30–45 mi). Thirty guardsmen died in the fire, although nearly all the items were saved (notably the imperial throne, guards banners, portraits of Russian generals from the Field Marshals' Hall and Military Gallery and the utensils of the Grand Church). The fire broke out after smoke from an

"White House Reconstruction"
undertaken. Congress provided $50,000 for a more thorough investigation and additional engineers and other professionals were engaged from the private sector. Walls, ceilings, and floors were opened up to provide access to the investigators. In June 1948 a leg of Margaret Truman's piano crashed through the floor in her second floor sitting room and through the ceiling of the Family Dining Room below. Investigators found the floor boards to have rotted, the main floor beam was split completely through, and the ceiling below had dropped 18 inches. The investigators determined that the west end of the Second Floor was sinking.

White House Reconstruction The White House Reconstruction, also known as the Truman Reconstruction, was a comprehensive dismantling and rebuilding of the interior of the White House between 1949-1952. A century-and-a-half of wartime destruction and rebuilding, hurried renovations, additions of new services, technologies, an added Third Floor, and inadequate foundations brought the Executive Residence portion of the White House Complex to near-imminent collapse. In 1948 architectural and engineering investigations deemed it unsafe for occupancy and President Harry S. Truman, his family, and the entire residence staff were relocated across the street. For over three years the White House was gutted, expanded,

Family moved into the White House guest house across Pennsylvania Avenue. There were multiple contributing factors that led to the White House's pending collapse in 1948, including original and subsequent design flaws, improper materials, multiple small and major renovations carried out by many presidents to accommodate differing tastes, needs, and advances in technologies. Collectively they were described as a ""slow murder"" of the White House. Fire: In August 1814 the White House was gutted by a fire set by British troops during the War of 1812; only a heavy rainstorm prevented the entire structure from being destroyed. By 1817 the

and rebuilt. The scope, costs, and historical authenticity of the work were controversial, with the reconstruction being called both structurally essential, and a disaster. When the Trumans moved into the executive mansion in 1945, they found it badly in need of repair after twelve years of neglect during the Depression and war. In 1946 Congress authorized $780,000 ($11 million 2018 dollars) for repairs. The mansion's heaving floors and mysterious sounds had been known by staff and First Families for many years. For the first two years of his presidency, according to White House photographer Abbie Rowe, President Truman heard ""ghosts""

in the bargain""), Jefferson considered how the White House might be added to. With Benjamin Henry Latrobe, he helped lay out the design for the East and West Colonnades, small wings that help conceal the domestic operations of laundry, a stable and storage. Today, Jefferson's colonnades link the residence with the East and West Wings. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the White House was set ablaze by British troops during the Burning of Washington, in retaliation for burning of Port Dover and other towns in Upper Canada; much of Washington was affected by these fires as well. Only

"East Room"
East Room—along with the rest of the White House—was in such poor shape that its structural integrity was at risk. President Harry S. Truman was attending a concert in the East Room on February 11, 1947, when he was informed that the ceiling of the room was being pulled down by the weight of the chandeliers.The following day, the chandeliers were taken down. On October 26, 1948, plaster fell from the ceiling of the East Room, exposing a crack in the ceiling. Engineers discovered that the ceiling had also dropped by . The East Room was cleared of all furniture,

"Knickerbocker storm"
as a portion of the brick wall. Dozens were buried. The disaster ranks as one of the worst in Washington, D.C. history. Congressman Andrew Jackson Barchfeld was among those killed in the theater. The theater's architect, Reginald Wyckliffe Geare, and owner, Harry M. Crandall, later committed suicide; Geare in 1927 and Crandall in 1937. Knickerbocker storm The Knickerbocker storm was a blizzard that occurred on January 27–28, 1922 in the upper South and middle Atlantic United States. The storm took its name from the resulting collapse of the Knickerbocker Theatre in Washington, D.C. shortly after 9 p.m. on January 28

and floor-to-ceiling X-shaped wooden braces erected in the room to stabilize it. The room was then sealed off. Engineers with the Public Building Administration and White House staff feared the entire building could collapse. President and Mrs. Truman left the White House on September 27, 1948, for a 45-day nationwide political barnstorming tour. When they returned to the White House on November 5, they were immediately informed that the White House had to be evacuated. The White House was closed to the public on November 7, and after a two-week vacation in Key West, Florida, the Trumans moved into Blair

"Serge Houde"
for Best Guest Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series for his role as drug kingpin David Thorpe on CTV's undercover cop series ""Played"". The following year, he attracted attention for his moving portrayal of a homeless man suffering from Tourette's in the hit Canadian police drama ""19-2"". Serge Houde Serge Houde (born February 16, 1953) is a Canadian film and television character actor. He is best known for his role in Jon Cassar's Emmy-nominated miniseries ""The Kennedys"" playing the notorious Chicago mafia boss Sam Giancana opposite Tom Wilkinson and Barry Pepper. ""GQ"" Tom Carson said Houde’s performance was

"Abe Vigoda"
New York City mayor David Dinkins, and Friars Club roastmaster general Jeffrey Ross attended. On the 2017 Academy Awards show, Vigoda was not included in the show's memorial reel, surprising many and prompting a small PR backlash. Abe Vigoda Abraham Charles Vigoda (; February 24, 1921 – January 26, 2016) was an American actor who was known for a number of roles, such as his portrayals of Salvatore Tessio in ""The Godfather"" (1972) and Phil Fish in ""Barney Miller"" (1975–1977, 1982) and ""Fish"" (1977–1978). Vigoda was born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 24, 1921, the son of Samuel and

"Tom Rosqui"
Tom Rosqui Thomas Francis Rosqui (June 12, 1928 – April 12, 1991) was an American character actor with extensive stage experience. Rosqui was born in Oakland, California, the son of a Portuguese mother, Sally (née Fernandes), a homemaker, and an Italian father, Thomas A. Rosqui, a traffic manager. Rosqui appeared on Broadway in ""Sticks and Bones"" and ""The Price"", among other productions. He also appeared on television, but his most prominent role was as Corleone family bodyguard Rocco Lampone in the first two ""Godfather"" movies. Rosqui was married to actress Erica Yohn until his death at age 62 in 1991,

"Al Neri"
Al Neri Albert ""Al"" Neri is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's novel ""The Godfather"" and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer and assassin. In the novel ""The Godfather"", Neri begins his career as a New York City police officer, where he earns a reputation for a fierce temper, quick reflexes, and physical strength. He frequently patrols with a large flashlight, which he uses to assault Italian youths who run with gangs or shattering the windshields of

"John Marley"
John Marley John Marley (born Mortimer Marlieb, October 17, 1907 – May 22, 1984) was an American actor who was known for his role as Phil Cavalleri in ""Love Story"" and as Jack Woltz— the defiant film mogul who awakens to find the severed head of his prized horse in his bed—in ""The Godfather"" (1972). He starred in John Cassavetes' feature ""Faces"" (1968) and appeared in ""The Glitter Dome"" (1984). Marley was born in Harlem in New York City. He dropped out of high school, turning instead to a career in acting. Marley served in the United States Army Signal

following a long struggle with cancer. He was survived by a son and two stepchildren. Tom Rosqui Thomas Francis Rosqui (June 12, 1928 – April 12, 1991) was an American character actor with extensive stage experience. Rosqui was born in Oakland, California, the son of a Portuguese mother, Sally (née Fernandes), a homemaker, and an Italian father, Thomas A. Rosqui, a traffic manager. Rosqui appeared on Broadway in ""Sticks and Bones"" and ""The Price"", among other productions. He also appeared on television, but his most prominent role was as Corleone family bodyguard Rocco Lampone in the first two ""Godfather"" movies.

"Tony Lip"
and one grandson. Tony Lip Tony Lip (born Frank Anthony Vallelonga; July 30, 1930January 4, 2013) was an American actor and occasional author, best known for his portrayal of crime boss Carmine Lupertazzi in the HBO series ""The Sopranos"". He portrayed real-life Bonanno crime family mobster Philip Giaccone in ""Donnie Brasco"", and real-life Lucchese crime family mobster Francesco Manzo in ""Goodfellas"". It was at the Copacabana Nightclub where he first met Francis Ford Coppola and Louis DiGiamo, leading to a small role in ""The Godfather"", his film debut. He also co-wrote his own book in 2005 named ""Shut Up And

"James A. Baffico"
James A. Baffico James Angelo Baffico (born January 1, 1942) is an American television soap opera director, producer and occasional script writer. Born in San Francisco, California, has a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, an M.A. and B.A. from the University of Nebraska. He is known for his role as ""Bosko"" in the 1983 Tom Cruise vehicle film ""All the Right Moves"" and as ""Wooley"" in George A. Romero's ""Dawn of the Dead"". Baffico has produced films and written screenplays for Universal Studios, Vista, and Paramount Pictures. He has been variously credited as ""Jim Baffico"", ""James Baffico"", and ""James

Serge Houde Serge Houde (born February 16, 1953) is a Canadian film and television character actor. He is best known for his role in Jon Cassar's Emmy-nominated miniseries ""The Kennedys"" playing the notorious Chicago mafia boss Sam Giancana opposite Tom Wilkinson and Barry Pepper. ""GQ"" Tom Carson said Houde’s performance was ""a terrific Sam Giancana (Serge Houde, and where has this formidable actor been all of Martin Scorsese's life?). It will probably set off Camelot guardians' alarm bells to hear that Giancana, the Chicago Mob boss, appears at all—and tête-à-tête with papa Joe, who's committing hubris's fatal error by negotiating

"John Capodice"
in the 1982 film ""Q"" and in the 1989 film ""Family Business"" as Tommy. Other film appearances are in the 1991 Oliver Stone film ""The Doors"" and the 1989 comedy ""See No Evil, Hear No Evil"", where he appears as a police detective. He had roles in """", """" (1994), ""Speed"" (1994), ""Independence Day"" (1996), and ""Enemy of the State"" (1998). He provides the voice of Sidney Pen in the 2010 video game ""Mafia II"". John Capodice John Capodice (born December 25, 1941) is an American character actor. Capodice was born in Chicago, Illinois. He began his film and television

"I Hate U, I Love U"
I Hate U, I Love U ""I Hate U, I Love U"" (stylized as ""i hate u, i love u"") is a song by American singer and rapper Gnash featuring American singer Olivia O'Brien. It was released on February 26, 2016, as the first single from Gnash's third extended play, ""Us"" (2017). The song peaked at number ten on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, a first for both Gnash and O'Brien, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Norway and the United Kingdom. On

in Benitez threatening to sue Gnash for songwriting credit. I Hate U, I Love U ""I Hate U, I Love U"" (stylized as ""i hate u, i love u"") is a song by American singer and rapper Gnash featuring American singer Olivia O'Brien. It was released on February 26, 2016, as the first single from Gnash's third extended play, ""Us"" (2017). The song peaked at number ten on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, a first for both Gnash and O'Brien, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in

"I Hate U"
I Hate U ""I Hate U"" (also spelled ""Eye Hate U"" to reflect the pictograph in the published title) is a song by American musician Prince from his 1995 album ""The Gold Experience"". The track was the lead single in support of the album, released on September 12, 1995. ""I Hate U"" was nearly a solo effort from Prince, although he credited Minneapolis musician Ricky Peterson with co-production and arranging, as well as providing additional keyboards. Carmen Electra says Prince told her it was about her: Beginning with crashing drums, the ""NPG Operator"" welcomes the listener to ""The Hate Experience""

March 20, 2016, O'Brien released her solo version of the song titled ""Hate U Love U"". The song will be included on Gnash's debut studio album, ""We"", which will be released 2019 January 11. Gnash enlisted San Francisco singer-songwriter Olivia O'Brien with the help of JB, who originally wrote the song, to provide the vocals for the track. O'Brien had already worked with Gnash, having covered his song ""Disposable"". Gnash originally released the song on February 15, 2016, on his SoundCloud page. It was released commercially on iTunes on March 17, 2017, becoming the lead single of Gnash's extended play,

"Love to Hate You"
Love to Hate You ""Love to Hate You"" is a song by Erasure which was released in 1991 as the second single from the duo's fifth studio album ""Chorus"". The single was released by Mute Records in the UK and Sire Records in the U.S. The song, written by band members Vince Clarke and Andy Bell is an electronic dance track clearly inspired by disco music. The synthesizer melody in the chorus of ""Love to Hate You"" is an interpolation of the string break from the Gloria Gaynor disco-era classic ""I Will Survive"". The song's music video features Erasure performing

"I Hate You Then I Love You"
I Hate You Then I Love You ""I Hate You Then I Love You"" is a song sung as a duet between Celine Dion and Luciano Pavarotti. It was first released as a track on Celine Dion's 1997 album ""Let's Talk About Love"". It was later released in Italy as a promotional single on 7 September 1998. ""I Hate You Then I Love You"" (slightly modified ""Never, Never, Never"" by Shirley Bassey) is an adaptation of the Italian song ""Grande grande grande"" sung by Mina. Dion and Pavarotti performed this song live during the Pavarotti & Friends for the Children

"Hate That I Love You"
Hate That I Love You ""Hate That I Love You"" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her third studio album, ""Good Girl Gone Bad"" (2007). It features vocals by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo, who co-wrote the song with its producers StarGate. Def Jam Recordings released the song on August 21, 2007, as the third single from ""Good Girl Gone Bad"". A Spanglish version featuring David Bisbal was made available on April 28, 2008. ""Hate That I Love You"" is a mid-tempo R&B song about the power of love, with influences of folk music. ""Hate That I

"I Hate the Music"
I Hate the Music ""I Hate the Music"" is an pop song written by George Young and Harry Vanda and recorded by Australian pop singer John Paul Young (no relation). The song was released in March 1976 as the lead single from the singer's second studio album, ""J.P.Y."" (1976). It peaked at number 2 on the Kent Music Report in Australia, remaining on the chart for 20 weeks. It was certified gold in Australia for shipment of 35000 units. It reached number 1 on the South African singles chart. In 1998, the song was covered by Ratcat and John Paul

"I Hate Myself for Loving You"
I Hate Myself for Loving You ""I Hate Myself for Loving You"" is a 1988 song from Joan Jett & the Blackhearts and the first single from the album ""Up Your Alley"". The song reached No. 8 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100, Jett's third single to reach the Top 10, and her first since ""Crimson and Clover"" in 1982. The song spent six weeks longer on the charts than did the group's biggest hit, ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" (which was on the chart for 20 weeks). Former Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor played the guitar solo in the

September 10, 2011. The song made an appearance in the When Peck This sounds At Concert. I Hate Myself for Loving You ""I Hate Myself for Loving You"" is a 1988 song from Joan Jett & the Blackhearts and the first single from the album ""Up Your Alley"". The song reached No. 8 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100, Jett's third single to reach the Top 10, and her first since ""Crimson and Clover"" in 1982. The song spent six weeks longer on the charts than did the group's biggest hit, ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" (which was on the

"Mum (TV series)"
Mum (TV series) Mum is a 2016 British sitcom written by Stefan Golaszewski centred around recently widowed, suburban 59 year old Cathy (played by Lesley Manville) and her family, during the year following her husband's death. Each episode is named after a calendar month in this year. Each episode is set in Cathy's house and features her supportive lifelong friend Michael (played by Peter Mullan), and her family: son Jason and his girlfriend Kelly, Cathy's brother Derek and his new partner Pauline, and Cathy's in-laws. In October 2017, it was recommissioned for a second and third series. The second series

"David Whitaker (composer)"
Radio Orchestra at the Maida Vale Studios, London, in the early 1980s, featuring a mixture of his own compositions and arrangements, to high acclaim. In 1992, David Whitaker (along with Adrian Burch), arranged and produced a recording of the Buddy Holly hit ""Heartbeat"" with vocals performed by actor/singer Nick Berry. It was to be used as the title theme for popular ITV drama series ""Heartbeat"", which also starred Berry. The single was released in 1992 and reached number 2 on the U.K. chart. It was used on every episode of the series until its cancellation in 2010. David and Adrian

"Simon May"
2010. ""Peggy's Theme"" was the lead track on the album. In August 2015 Simon May released his first autobiography 'Doof Doof: My Life in Music' through Austin Macauley Publishers. Two versions were released; one, a book-only version and also a CD-set, with a shorter printed autobiography. Simon May Simon May (born 15 August 1944) is a British musician and composer. He has composed many British television theme tunes, including ""EastEnders"" and ""Howards' Way"", and the music for the 1988 film ""The Dawning"". Born in Devizes and a pupil of Dauntsey's School, May won a choral scholarship to Cambridge University, graduating

"The Mummers' Dance"
the Alhambra,"" ""The Olive and the Cedar,"" and the compilation ""The Journey So Far – The Best of Loreena McKennitt."" The song was used as the theme for the TV series ""Legacy."" It was also featured in the trailer for the film ""Ever After,"" starring Drew Barrymore, and in the soundtrack of the Brazilian telenovela ""Corpo Dourado."" A music video was also produced for the selection. The song was frequently used on the late-night syndicated radio talk show ""Coast To Coast AM,"" when Art Bell hosted the show. The Mummers' Dance ""The Mummers' Dance"" is a single written, composed, and

"Andrew McCrorie-Shand"
Andrew McCrorie-Shand Andrew William John McCrorie-Shand (born 14 May 1955) is a British composer. He is mostly known for having composed musical scores for children’s television programmes, including the original theme tune for ""Teletubbies"", and also the chart topping hit that followed it, ""Teletubbies say ""Eh-oh!"""". Andrew has also composed the music for ""Rosie and Jim"", ""Brum"" and ""Tots TV"". He was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire into a musical family and taught to play piano from age 5. McCrorie-Shand joined the mid-1970s progressive rock band Druid as the keyboardist for the band's two studio albums on EMI Records. He later

"Keeping Mum"
her unfaithful husband and his mistress resulting in her being sentenced by the judge (Roger Hammond) to be imprisoned in a secure unit for the criminally insane for manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. 43 years later in the village of Little Wallop, Walter Goodfellow (Rowan Atkinson), the village vicar is very busy writing the perfect sermon for a convention, completely oblivious to the problems in his house which include the unfulfilled emotional needs of his wife Gloria, (Kristin Scott Thomas) who subsequently starts an affair with her golf instructor Lance (Patrick Swayze); the sexual desires and growing maturity

"Dad (TV series)"
""2point4 Children"". The title of each episode was a pun on the word 'Dad'. The theme tune for the first series was the 1965 hit 'Tijuana Taxi' performed by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass. For the second series this was replaced with the song 'Go Daddy-O' by Californian swing revival band Big Bad Voodoo Daddy. Initially, due to Julia Hills being in ""2point4 Children"", which was still running come the transmission of 'Dad', the BBC didn't want her to be in it. However after her audition, any fears and doubts were quickly quashed. Alan Hook - Kevin McNally Brian

"Cups (song)"
Lampshades were the first to perform the song using the cup game for percussion. Anna Burden made her own version on YouTube of the Lulu and the Lamspshades video that was discovered by Reddit, and where Anna Kendrick learned the routine, prompting dozens of other YouTube users to submit cover versions of the song using the Cup Clap technique. It was soon dubbed ""The Cup Song"". The song is also used for the theme song for the BBC Two sitcom 'Mum' starring Lesley Manville. Though the song had been popular online for years, mainstream success came when it was incorporated

typical episode would focus on one or two medical storylines interwoven with personal stories featuring one or both nurses. One of ITV's longest-running shows, ""Where the Heart Is"" was known for being what has been described as a haven for former soap stars, including Lancashire, Philip Middlemiss, Samantha Giles, Kerrie Taylor, Brian Capron and Shobna Gulati. In October 2006, the series was cancelled after nine years, despite viewing figures of well over 7 million. The theme song ""Where the Heart is"" was performed by Prefab Sprout (written and sung by Paddy McAloon). It was released as a single and appears

show's production team working to make it into its own entity by the fourth series. Unlike its former parent show, ""The Royal"" uses the song ""Somebody Help Me"" by The Spencer Davis Group as it main theme tune, with an instrumental version playing over the ending credits. The majority of the plots in each episode centred around medical emergencies or a serious medical case, and often featured moral dilemmas created or exposed by these matters. Additional story-lines also included staff members dealing with personal problems or issues, and an occasional side-story in a similar vein to ""Heartbeat"". While the show

the general term for software that is designed to damage disable or steal data is

"Software cracking"
Software cracking Software cracking (known as ""breaking"" in the 1980s) is the modification of software to remove or disable features which are considered undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features (including protection against the manipulation of software, serial number, hardware key, date checks and disc check) or software annoyances like nag screens and adware. A crack refers to the means of achieving software cracking, for example a stolen serial number or a tool that performs that act of cracking. Some of these tools are called keygen, patch, or loader. A keygen is a handmade product serial

Anti-keylogger
Anti-keylogger An anti-keylogger (or anti–keystroke logger) is a type of software specifically designed for the detection of keystroke logger software; often, such software will also incorporate the ability to delete or at least immobilize hidden keystroke logger software on a computer. In comparison to most anti-virus or anti-spyware software, the primary difference is that an anti-keylogger does not make a distinction between a ""legitimate"" keystroke-logging program and an ""illegitimate"" keystroke-logging program (such as malware); all keystroke-logging programs are flagged and optionally removed, whether they appear to be legitimate keystroke-logging software or not. Keyloggers are sometimes part of malware packages downloaded

difficulties for inexperienced users who are unable to discern good modules from bad modules when manually choosing to block or unblock. Anti-keylogger An anti-keylogger (or anti–keystroke logger) is a type of software specifically designed for the detection of keystroke logger software; often, such software will also incorporate the ability to delete or at least immobilize hidden keystroke logger software on a computer. In comparison to most anti-virus or anti-spyware software, the primary difference is that an anti-keylogger does not make a distinction between a ""legitimate"" keystroke-logging program and an ""illegitimate"" keystroke-logging program (such as malware); all keystroke-logging programs are flagged

Rootkit
Rootkit A rootkit is a collection of computer software, typically malicious, designed to enable access to a computer or areas of its software that is not otherwise allowed (for example, to an unauthorized user) and often masks its existence or the existence of other software. The term ""rootkit"" is a concatenation of ""root"" (the traditional name of the privileged account on Unix-like operating systems) and the word ""kit"" (which refers to the software components that implement the tool). The term ""rootkit"" has negative connotations through its association with malware. Rootkit installation can be automated, or an attacker can install it

"Anti-phishing software"
Anti-phishing software Anti-phishing software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify phishing content contained in websites, e-mail, or other forms used to accessing data (usually from the internet) and block the content, usually with a warning to the user (and often an option to view the content regardless). It is often integrated with web browsers and email clients as a toolbar that displays the real domain name for the website the viewer is visiting, in an attempt to prevent fraudulent websites from masquerading as other legitimate websites. Most popular web browsers comes with built-in anti-phishing and anti-malware protection services,

Rootkit
diagnosis, scanning, and monitoring. Rootkits achieve this by modifying the behavior of core parts of an operating system through loading code into other processes, the installation or modification of drivers, or kernel modules. Obfuscation techniques include concealing running processes from system-monitoring mechanisms and hiding system files and other configuration data. It is not uncommon for a rootkit to disable the event logging capacity of an operating system, in an attempt to hide evidence of an attack. Rootkits can, in theory, subvert ""any"" operating system activities. The ""perfect rootkit"" can be thought of as similar to a ""perfect crime"": one that

"Antivirus software"
detect viruses even if they are padded with extra, meaningless code. A detection that uses this method is said to be ""heuristic detection."" Anti-virus software can attempt to scan for rootkits. A rootkit is a type of malware designed to gain administrative-level control over a computer system without being detected. Rootkits can change how the operating system functions and in some cases can tamper with the anti-virus program and render it ineffective. Rootkits are also difficult to remove, in some cases requiring a complete re-installation of the operating system. Real-time protection, on-access scanning, background guard, resident shield, autoprotect, and other

SpySheriff
SpySheriff SpySheriff, also known as BraveSentry, SpyDawn, SpywareBot, SpyAxe, SpywareSheriff, Pest Trap, SpyTrooper, Spywareno, and MalwareAlarm, is malware that disguises itself as an anti-spyware program, which attempts to mislead a user into buying the program by repeatedly informing them of false threats to their system. The software is particularly difficult to remove from machines, since it nests its components in System Restore folders, and also blocks some system management tools. Compared to most rogue antiviruses, SpySheriff prompts the user to register when an attempt to ""Remove found threats"" is made. However, SpySheriff can be removed if the user already has

"Anti-tamper software"
Anti-tamper software Anti-tamper software (or tamper-resistant software) is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamper-detection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. It is essentially tamper resistance implemented in the software domain. It shares certain aspects but also differs from related technologies like copy protection and trusted hardware, though it is often used in combination with them. Anti-tampering technology typically makes the software somewhat larger and also has a performance impact.

Decompiler
In a recent report regarding implementation of the Software Directive by the European member states, the European Commission seems to support the second interpretation. Decompiler A decompiler is a computer program that takes an executable file as input, and attempts to create a high level source file which can be recompiled successfully. It is therefore the opposite of a compiler, which takes a source file and makes an executable. Decompilers are usually unable to perfectly reconstruct the original source code, and as such, will frequently produce obfuscated code. Nonetheless, decompilers remain an important tool in the reverse engineering of computer

"Geography of Nepal"
Geography of Nepal Nepal measures about along its Himalayan axis by across. Nepal has an area of . Nepal is landlocked by India on three sides and China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north. West Bengal's narrow ""Siliguri Corridor"" or Chicken's Neck separate Nepal and Bangladesh. To the east are India and Bhutan. Nepal depends on India for goods transport facilities and access to the sea, even for most goods imported from China. For a small country, Nepal has tremendous geographic diversity. It rises from as low as elevation in the tropical Terai—the northern rim of the Gangetic Plain, beyond

"Geology of Nepal"
Geology of Nepal The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya, the highest, youngest and a very highly active mountain range. Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics. The Himalayan arc extends about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat (8,138 m) by the Indus River in northern Pakistan eastward to Namche Barwa (7,756 m) by the gorge of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in eastern Tibet . About 800 km of this extent is in Nepal; the remainder includes Bhutan and parts of Pakistan, India, and China. Since 55 Ma the Himalayan orogeny beginning with the collision

and Nepal have an open border with no restrictions on movement of their citizens on either side, there are 23 checkpoints for trade purposes. These are listed in counterclockwise order, east to west. The six in italics are also used for entry/exit by third country nationals. Geography of Nepal Nepal measures about along its Himalayan axis by across. Nepal has an area of . Nepal is landlocked by India on three sides and China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north. West Bengal's narrow ""Siliguri Corridor"" or Chicken's Neck separate Nepal and Bangladesh. To the east are India and Bhutan. Nepal

Nepal
Nepal Nepal (; ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. With an estimated population of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It borders China in the north and India in the south, east, and west while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography,

""Main Central Thrust"" fault zone above the snow line at . Some 90 of Nepal's peaks exceed and eight exceed including Mount Everest at and Kanchenjunga at . Unlike the ""Mahabharats"", the Himalaya are not continuous across Nepal. Instead there are some 20 subranges including the ""Kanchenjunga"" massif along the Sikkim border, ""Mahalangur Himal"" around Mt. Everest. ""Langtang"" north of Kathmandu, ""Annapurna"" and ""Manaslu"" north of Pokhara, then ""Dhaulagiri"" further west with ""Kanjiroba"" north of ""Jumla"" and finally ""Gurans Himal"" in the far west. The main watershed between the Brahmaputra (called ""Yarlung Tsangpo"" in Tibet) and the Ganges system (including

Nepal
with China. Seven other of the world's ""eight-thousanders"" are in Nepal or on its border with China: Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kangchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu. Nepal has five climatic zones, broadly corresponding to the altitudes. The tropical and subtropical zones lie below , the temperate zone , the cold zone , the subarctic zone , and the Arctic zone above . Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation

"China–Nepal border"
China–Nepal border The border between China and Nepal is in length, along the mountain range the Himalayas, extends northwest-southeast direction, separating the south of Tibet Autonomous Region of China and the territory of Nepal. This border passes through the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest. The line extends between two tripoints China–Nepal–India. The tripoint in the west is in the Nepalese district of Mahakali Zone. The tripoint in the east is in the region of Mechi. Throughout history, Nepalis traded with the Tibetans via the many border crossings. One of the most important goods traded was salt from the

Nepal
the Indian border, to subtropical broadleaf and coniferous forests in the Hill Region, to temperate broadleaf and coniferous forests on the slopes of the Himalaya, to montane grasslands and shrublands and rock and ice at the highest elevations. At the lowest elevations is the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion. These form a mosaic with the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, which occur from and include the Inner Terai Valleys. Himalayan subtropical pine forests occur between . Above these elevations, the biogeography of Nepal is generally divided from east to west by the Gandaki River. Ecoregions to the east tend to receive

near sacred ""Lake Manasarovar"" and ""Mount Kailash"". The area around these features is the hydrographic nexus of South Asia since it holds the sources of the Indus and its major tributary the ""Sutlej"", the Karnali—a Ganges tributary—and the ""Yarlung Tsangpo""/""Brahmaputra"". It is the center of the universe according to traditional cosmography. The ""Mahakali"" or ""Kali"" along the Nepal-India border on the west joins the Karnali in India, where the river is known as ""Goghra"" or ""Ghaghara"". Second category rivers rise in the Middle Hills and ""Mahabharat Range"", from east to west the ""Mechi"", ""Kankai"" and ""Kamala"" south of the Kosi;

Nepal
is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems. Nepal is popular for mountaineering, having some of the highest and most challenging mountains in the world, including Mount Everest. Technically, the southeast ridge on the Nepali side of the mountain is easier to climb, so most climbers prefer to trek to Everest through Nepal. The collision between the Indian subcontinent and Eurasia, which started in the Paleogene period and continues today, produced the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau. Nepal lies completely within this collision zone, occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, nearly one

chemicals produced in one part of a plant that affect the growth and response of other parts

"Plant secondary metabolism"
pathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant whereas secondary metabolites are compounds produced in other metabolic pathways that, although important, are not essential to the functioning of the plant. However, secondary plant metabolites are useful in the long term, often for defense purposes, and give plants characteristics such as color. Secondary plant metabolites are also used in signalling and regulation of primary metabolic pathways. Plant hormones, which are secondary metabolites, are often used to regulate the metabolic activity within cells and oversee the

Auxin
plant is a key factor for plant growth, its reaction to its environment, and specifically for development of plant organs (such as leaves or flowers). It is achieved through very complex and well coordinated active transport of auxin molecules from cell to cell throughout the plant body — by the so-called polar auxin transport. Thus, a plant can (as a whole) react to external conditions and adjust to them, without requiring a nervous system. Auxins typically act in concert with, or in opposition to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines

"Plant hormone"
one part of the plant to another; these include sieve tubes or phloem that move sugars from the leaves to the roots and flowers, and xylem that moves water and mineral solutes from the roots to the foliage. Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. The greatest effects occur at specific stages during the cell's life, with diminished effects occurring before or after this period. Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. They also need to disengage

the effects that hormones have when they are no longer needed. The production of hormones occurs very often at sites of active growth within the meristems, before cells have fully differentiated. After production, they are sometimes moved to other parts of the plant, where they cause an immediate effect; or they can be stored in cells to be released later. Plants use different pathways to regulate internal hormone quantities and moderate their effects; they can regulate the amount of chemicals used to biosynthesize hormones. They can store them in cells, inactivate them, or cannibalise already-formed hormones by conjugating them with

to those seen in higher plants. Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites. The word hormone is derived from Greek, meaning ""set in motion"". Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. They are naturally produced within plants, though very similar chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can also affect plant growth. A large number of related chemical compounds are synthesized by humans. They are used to regulate the growth

Plant hormone Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are signal molecules produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of growth and development, from embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and through to reproductive development. Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. The term 'phytohormone' was coined by Went and Thimann and used in the title of their book in 1937. Phytohormones are found across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions

work together, and the ratios of these two groups of plant hormones affect most major growth periods during a plant's lifetime. Cytokinins counter the apical dominance induced by auxins; they in conjunction with ethylene promote abscission of leaves, flower parts, and fruits. Ethylene is a gas that forms through the breakdown of methionine, which is in all cells. Ethylene has very limited solubility in water and does not accumulate within the cell but diffuses out of the cell and escapes out of the plant. Its effectiveness as a plant hormone is dependent on its rate of production versus its rate

of cultivated plants, weeds, and in vitro-grown plants and plant cells; these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators or PGRs for short. Early in the study of plant hormones, ""phytohormone"" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals—which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular)

Phototropism
Phototropism Phototropism is the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus. It is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a chemical called auxin that reacts when phototropism occurs. This causes the plant to have elongated cells on the farthest side from the light. Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli. Growth towards a light source is called positive phototropism, while growth away from light is called negative phototropism

Allomone
a mutualistic relationship, and the latter would be a repellent secretion."" Disrupt growth and development and reduce longevity of adults e.g. toxins or digestibility reducing factors. Disrupt normal host selection behaviour e.g. Repellents, suppressants, locomotory excitants. Allomone An allomone is any chemical substance produced and released by an individual of one species that affects the behaviour of a member of another species to the benefit of the originator but not the receiver. Production of allomones is a common form of defence, particularly by plant species against insect herbivores. Many insects have developed ways to defend against these plant defenses (in

the basic steps of rational decision making include defining goals and

"Rational planning model"
in organizational behavior, is a process for making logically sound decisions. This multi-step model and aims to be logical and follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making logically sound decisions that aims to follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Rational decision-making or planning follows a series of steps detailed below: Verifying, defining & detailing the problem (problem definition, goal definition, information gathering). This step includes recognizing the problem, defining an initial solution, and starting primary analysis. Examples of this are creative devising, creative ideas, inspirations, breakthroughs,

Rational planning model The rational planning model is a model of the planning process involving a number of rational actions or steps. Taylor (1998) outlines five steps, as follows: The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning. The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of planning, such as collaborative planning, are now also widely used. The very similar rational decision-making model, as it is called

Decision-making
Decision-making In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Decision-making is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Decision-making can be regarded as a problem-solving activity terminated by a solution deemed to be optimal, or at least satisfactory. It is therefore a process which can be more or less rational or irrational and

Guy Benveniste argued that the rational model could not be implemented without taking the political context into account. Rational planning model The rational planning model is a model of the planning process involving a number of rational actions or steps. Taylor (1998) outlines five steps, as follows: The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning. The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of planning, such

"Strategic planning"
the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). The senior leadership of an organization is generally tasked with determining strategy. Strategy can be planned (intended) or can be observed as a pattern of activity (emergent) as the organization adapts to its environment or competes. Strategy includes processes of formulation and implementation; strategic planning helps coordinate both. However, strategic planning is analytical in nature (i.e., it involves ""finding the dots""); strategy formation itself involves synthesis (i.e., ""connecting the dots"") via strategic thinking. As such, strategic planning

"Rational choice theory"
person can always say which of two alternatives they consider preferable or that neither is preferred to the other) and transitive (if option A is preferred over option B and option B is preferred over option C, then A is preferred over C). The rational agent is assumed to take account of available information, probabilities of events, and potential costs and benefits in determining preferences, and to act consistently in choosing the self-determined best choice of action. Rationality is widely used as an assumption of the behavior of individuals in microeconomic models and analyses and appears in almost all economics

maximum net benefit, i.e., the maximum benefit minus cost. The theory applies to more general settings than those identified by costs and benefit. In general, rational decision making entails choosing among all available alternatives the alternative that the individual most prefers. The ""alternatives"" can be a set of actions (""what to do?"") or a set of objects (""what to choose/buy""). In the case of actions, what the individual really cares about are the outcomes that results from each possible action. Actions, in this case, are only an instrument for obtaining a particular outcome. The available alternatives are often expressed as

for rational decision-making”. As illustrated in Figure 1, rational policy analysis can be broken into 6 distinct stages of analysis. Step 2 highlights the need to understand which factors should be considered as part of the decision making process. At this part of the process, all the economic, social, and environmental factors that are important to the policy decision need to be identified and then expressed as policy decision criteria. For example, the decision criteria used in the analysis of environmental policy is often a mix of — Some criteria, such as economic benefit, will be more easily measurable or

is a process for making sound decisions in policy making in the public sector. Rationality is defined as “a style of behavior that is appropriate to the achievement of given goals, within the limits imposed by given conditions and constraints”. It is important to note the model makes a series of assumptions in order for it to work, such as: Indeed, some of the assumptions identified above are also pin pointed out in a study written by the historian H.A. Drake, as he states: ""In its purest form, the Rational Actor approach presumes that such a figure [as Constantine] has

beliefs in response to bad news (such as reading that smoking poses a greater risk to health than they thought), but do not differ from adults in their ability to alter beliefs in response to good news. This creates biased beliefs, which may lead to greater risk taking. Decision-making In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Decision-making is the process of identifying

"If She Knew What She Wants"
If She Knew What She Wants ""If She Knew What She Wants"" is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album ""The Eternal Return"". The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their 1986 album ""Different Light"". Shear's song originally was written in the first person as a love song; the Bangles rewrote the lyrics in the third person rather than change the subject's gender. The Bangles charted at number 29 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, number 31 on the UK Singles Chart, and number 31 on the Australian Kent Music Report chart. Two different

music videos were created for the song, one that was commonly shown in North America and the other that was commonly shown in Europe. The ""American version"" was produced by Tamar Simon Hoffs, the mother of Bangles guitarist/vocalist Susanna Hoffs, who sings lead in this song. The Bangles version is featured in the 2006 Tim Allen and Courteney Cox superhero comedy ""Zoom"". If She Knew What She Wants ""If She Knew What She Wants"" is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album ""The Eternal Return"". The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their

"What She Wants"
attention to the growing plight of runaway children. What She Wants ""What She Wants"" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, ""The Best of Michael Martin Murphey"". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video,

"If She Knew"
If She Knew ""If She Knew"" is a song by British R&B singer Lemar, released as the first single from his fourth album, ""The Reason"". The song has been a further top 20 success for Lemar; it was C-listed on BBC Radio 1, entering the UK Singles Chart at #61 after just two full days of download sales, and then climbing to #14 upon the release of the physical CD. The following week the single fell to #19 but Radio 1 moved the track up to their B-list. In its fourth week, ""If She Knew"" dropped two places to #21.

What She Wants ""What She Wants"" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, ""The Best of Michael Martin Murphey"". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video, directed by David Hogan, is designed to call

"If That Were Me"
If That Were Me ""If That Were Me"" is a song by English recording artist Melanie C. It was co-written and produced by Rick Nowels for her solo debut studio album ""Northern Star"" (1999). The song's lyrics address the issue of homelessness. Selected as the album's fifth and final single, it was released in November 2000. The song peaked in the UK Singles Chart at number eighteen, becoming the first of her solo singles to not reach the top five. The proceeds from its sale went to the Kandu Arts charity. The lyrics of the song came in for particular

"If I Wanted To"
If I Wanted To ""If I Wanted To"" is a song by American singer, Melissa Etheridge. It was released in 1995 as the final single from Etheridge's 1993 studio album, ""Yes I Am"". ""If I Wanted To"", which was released as the two-sided single ""If I Wanted To / Like the Way I Do"", debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1995 at No. 25, making it the highest-debuting single of 1995. The single's debut was the best for any song since Boyz II Men's ""On Bended Knee"" debuted at No. 14 in November 1994. Fred Bronson of ""Billboard""

"If I Was"
If I Was ""If I Was"" is a 1985 song by Midge Ure. It was co-written by Ure and Danny Mitchell (of Ultravox's tour opening band Messengers), and released as the first single from Ure's first solo album ""The Gift"". It reached #1 on the UK singles chart for one week in September 1985. In the sleeve notes for the 2001 compilation ""If I Was: The Very Best of Midge Ure & Ultravox"" Ure wrote: The music video featured Ure's face patterns on a Pin Art pinscreen. The instrumental ""Piano"" was released on the B-side of the 7"" and 12""

"Shoulda Woulda Coulda"
Knight. She had visited previously in connection with her charity work in bringing awareness to HIV in South Africa. It was also the location of the video to her single ""No Man's Land"", released in 2007. CD: 1 CD: 2 Cassette Shoulda Woulda Coulda ""Shoulda Woulda Coulda"" is a song by Beverley Knight, released as the second single from her album ""Who I Am"". Written about the breakup of her long-term relationship because she decided to put her career first, it became her first top-10 single in the United Kingdom. It remains her most recognisable hit. Its airplay success propelled

"If You Were the Only Girl (In the World)"
boy.</poem> If You Were the Only Girl (In the World) ""If You Were the Only Girl (In the World)"" is a popular song written by Nat D. Ayer with lyrics by Clifford Grey. It was written for the musical revue ""The Bing Boys Are Here"", which premièred on 19 April 1916 at the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square, London. The song was originally performed as a duet between Lucius Bing, played by George Robey, and his love interest Emma, originated by Violet Loraine. The song was published in 1916 and republished in 1946. It has become a standard, recorded by

"2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships"
tiebreaker to Russia's Artur Dalaloyan. Dalaloyan became the first Russian man to win the all-around title since Nikolai Kryukov in 1999; they are the only two Russian men to have won the title in the post-Soviet era. Last year's silver medalist, China's Lin Chaopan, failed to reach the final after finishing behind teammates Xiao and Sun Wei in qualifying. Reigning bronze medalist Kenzō Shirai of Japan finished seventh. Canada's René Cournoyer withdrew prior to the competition and was replaced by first reserve Artur Davtyan of Armenia. Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and

"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance"
fourth, with just 0.02 points separating the two couples. Shibutani/Shibutani were the 17th couple to take to the ice in the free dance, starting off in 4th place after the short dance; they took the lead with a combined total score of 192.59. Papadakis/Cizeron were next to skate, and they broke their world records for both the free dance and the total score, finishing with 205.28 points. Hubbell/Donohue received a deduction for a fall and were briefly in third place with 187.69 points. The last to skate were Virtue/Moir, who scored less than Papadakis/Cizeron in the free dance but still

"Ottoman Empire"
into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror. During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others

Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, western Kurdistan, and Western Georgia (incl. western Samtskhe) fell into Ottoman hands, while southern Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian. France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month before the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman

"Mehmed the Conqueror"
Mehmed the Conqueror Mehmed II (; Modern ; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. Mehmed is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other

established Ottoman rule in Egypt, and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, a competition started between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars, and, after his historic victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in

"History of the Ottoman Empire"
1570) was another major setback for Ottoman naval supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea, despite the fact that an equally large Ottoman fleet was built in a short time and Tunisia was recovered from Spain in 1574. The conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred on behalf of France as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the Ottoman

Habsburg defences. The Long Turkish War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to problems of indiscipline and outright rebelliousness within the corps, which were never fully solved. Irregular sharpshooters (Sekban) were also recruited, and on demobilization turned to brigandage in the Jelali revolts (1590–1610), which engendered widespread anarchy in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. With the Empire's population reaching 30 million people by 1600, the shortage of land placed further pressure on the government. In spite of

control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire's population totaled about 15,000,000 people. Under Selim and Suleiman, the Empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean. The exploits of the Ottoman admiral Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, who commanded the Ottoman Navy during Suleiman's reign, led to a number of military victories over Christian navies. Important naval victories of the Ottoman Empire in this period include the Battle of Preveza (1538); Battle of Ponza (1552); Battle of Djerba (1560); conquest of Algiers (in 1516 and 1529) and Tunis (in

scholar Ibrahim Efendi al-Zigetvari Tezkireci translated Noël Duret's French astronomical work (written in 1637) into Arabic. Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu was the author of the first surgical atlas and the last major medical encyclopedia from the Islamic world. Though his work was largely based on Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi's ""Al-Tasrif"", Sabuncuoğlu introduced many innovations of his own. Female surgeons were also illustrated for the first time. An example of a watch that measured time in minutes was created by an Ottoman watchmaker, Meshur Sheyh Dede, in 1702. In the early 19th century, Egypt under Muhammad Ali began using steam engines for industrial manufacturing,

(also King of Hungary) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist. Four years later, John Hunyadi prepared another army of Hungarian and Wallachian forces to attack the Turks, but was again defeated at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448. The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine

"Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491)"
sea, but on land the Mamluks successfully resisted the Ottomans, thanks to their string of fortresses in Anatolia and Syria, and the buffer principalities of Beylik of Dulkadir, led by Bozkurt of Dulkadir centered on Elbistan and Maras. The Ottomans were a stronger military power, but were weakened by internal dissensions and the lack of a strong centralized leadership by the Sultan Bayezid, who remained in Constantinople. Throughout the conflict, the Mamluk army was characterized by the usage of a brilliant nomadic cavalry in addition to a conventional army, whereas the Ottomans relied on a conventional army only, with light

Chief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures and of President and Vice-President. Chief Election Commissioner of India is usually a member of the Indian Civil Service and mostly from the Indian Administrative Service. It is very difficult to remove the authority of the Chief Election Commissioner once appointed by the president, as two-thirds of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha need to vote against him for disorderly conduct or improper actions. Despite the recent changes

Election Commission is assisted by the Chief Electoral Officer of the State, who is an IAS officer of Principal Secretary rank. At the district and constituency levels, the District Magistrates (in their capacity as District Election Officers), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work. The Chief Election Commissioner of India can be removed from his office similar to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court of India which requires a resolution passed by the Parliament with a two-thirds majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity.

"Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan"
Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan The Chief Election Commissioner is the authority and the appointed chair of the Election Commission of Pakistan— an institution constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and . Before 1973, appointment of the commissioner only restricted to the civil services and appointments came from the President. After the promulgation of much and thoroughly reformed constitution in 1973, the constitutional provisions made mandatory and compulsory that the only appointments would come from the judicature branch's judges who were eligible to become Chief Election Commissioner. The Constitution (or President on different occasions) lays

(as well as former Leader of the Opposition in Indian Parliament), suggested that appointment of CEC (as well as the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)) should be made by a bipartisan collegium consisting of the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice, the Law Minister and the Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Subsequently, M Karunanidhi, the head of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party and five times Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu supported the suggestion. Advani made this demand to remove any impression of bias or lack of transparency and fairness because, according to

him, the current system was open to ""manipulation and partisanship"". Similar demand was made by many former CEC's such as B B Tandon, N Gopalaswamy and S Y Quraishi. By the ""Election Commission (Condition Of Service Of Election Commissions And Transaction Of Business) Act, 1991"", the salary of the chief election commissioner is the same as salary of a Judge of Supreme Court of India. The following have held the post of the Chief Election Commissioner of India. Chief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free

"Have I Told You Lately"
Have I Told You Lately ""Have I Told You Lately"" is a song written and recorded by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison for his nineteenth studio album ""Avalon Sunset"" (1989). It is a romantic ballad that is often played at weddings, although it was originally written as a prayer. ""Have I Told You Lately"" has received acclaim, winning a Grammy Award and a BMI Million-Air certificate. It was released as a single on 5 June 1989, and reached number 12 on the US ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart. It has become a popular cover song with many vocal and instrumental versions

Impressionist and comedian Rory Bremner included the song as one of his eight ""Desert Island Discs"" on BBC Radio 4 on 20 April 2003. Television and radio presenter Gloria Hunniford also included the song on her list on 24 December 2006. Have I Told You Lately ""Have I Told You Lately"" is a song written and recorded by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison for his nineteenth studio album ""Avalon Sunset"" (1989). It is a romantic ballad that is often played at weddings, although it was originally written as a prayer. ""Have I Told You Lately"" has received acclaim, winning a

"Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?"
Have I Told You Lately That I Love You? ""Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?"" is a popular song written by Scotty Wiseman and published in 1945. It was the greatest hit of Wiseman and his wife and one of the first country music songs to attract major attention in the pop music field. It's repeating fourth line is ""Well darling, I'm telling you now."" Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters recorded the song on November 25, 1949 and it had a good reception from the trade magazine Billboard who said: ""Ditty’s a sprightly mountain-musiker that had

"Love You Lately"
Love You Lately ""Love You Lately"" is the fifth single from Daniel Powter's eponymous second studio album, ""Daniel Powter"". It is also the only additional track to appear on the CD of the 2006 deluxe edition/re-release which also included a DVD with all of the music videos accompanying the preceding four singles ('Bad Day', 'Free Loop (One Night Stand)', 'Jimmy Gets High' and 'Lie To Me'), a selection of live versions of songs on the album filmed in concert at 'Studio A' and a selection of B Sides. The deluxe edition, 'Love You Lately' and Powter's compilation album 'B Sides'

recorded by numerous artists and bands. In 1993, Rod Stewart's version charted at number five on both the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 as well as on the UK Singles Chart. Composed as a love ballad and built on the framework of ""Someone Like You"", it is preceded on ""Avalon Sunset"" by the song, ""I'd Love to Write Another Song"" proclaiming ""In poetry I'd carve it well/ I'd even make it rhyme."" Then, in the words of Brian Hinton what follows is: Coney Island Medley with the Chieftains Rod Stewart covered the song for his album ""Vagabond Heart"" (1991). A live

"Lately (Lisa Scott-Lee song)"
other and you get butterflies in your stomach and that's what Lately is about"". After Scott-Lee managed the band 3SL, consisting of her three brothers including Andy Scott-Lee who enjoyed very limited success, she collaborated with Point4, (Peter Day, Phil Dyson, Paul (Bronze) Newton, and Daniel Sherman) to write and produce 8 songs together including ""Lately"", ""Too Far Gone"" and ""I'll Wait For You"", which was included on her debut album ""Never or Now"". After Scott-Lee signed a record deal with Mercury Records, ""Lately"" was chosen to be released 12 May 2003. Scott-Lee performed the track on two appearances on

50's Masters"", Presley recorded it on January 19, 1957, at RCA's Radio Recorders in Hollywood for his ""Loving You"" album. Session musicians for the song included Presley himself on rhythm guitar, his usual lead guitarist Scotty Moore, with Bill Black on bass, D.J. Fontana on drums, piano by Dudley Brooks, organ by Hoyt Hawkins, and background vocals were of course The Jordanaires. When the song was included on the ""Loving You"" album release in July 1957, it immediately prompted both Ricky Nelson and Eddie Cochran to record cover versions of the song. Nelson's was the ""B"" side of a hit

single (""Be-Bop Baby"", released in September), while Cochran's was an album cut (released in November). The impact of the Elvis version was felt across the Atlantic. Eddie Cochran recorded his version in August 1957 and released it on the album ""Singin' to My Baby"". Musicians on the session were: Have I Told You Lately That I Love You? ""Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?"" is a popular song written by Scotty Wiseman and published in 1945. It was the greatest hit of Wiseman and his wife and one of the first country music songs to attract major

version from his album ""Unplugged...and Seated"" (1993) was released as a single, becoming a number-five hit in the US and the UK. This version also reached number four on the US ""Billboard"" Mainstream Top 40 chart, ""Have I Told You Lately"" has been performed by many unknown as well as many famous artists. Morrison chose ""Have I Told You Lately"" as one of the songs included on 1990s ""The Best of Van Morrison"", his first greatest-hits album. It was also one of the songs on two of the compilation albums that were issued in 2007: ""Still on Top - The

"Lately (Divine song)"
Lately (Divine song) ""Lately"" is a ballad recorded by American R&B girl group Divine. The song was released as the group's debut single in August 1998 and peaked at number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart in the US. The gospel-inspired song was eventually released to international markets, but it failed to make as big of an impact as it did in North America. US promotional CD single """"US CD single""' In 2000 Samantha Mumba released her version of the song on her debut LP ""Gotta Tell You"". Due to the lack of popularity of the original version,

Twenty-first Amendment (1933) repealed the Eighteenth Amendment and returned the regulation of alcohol to the states. Each state sets its own rules for the sale and importation of alcohol, including the drinking age. Because a federal law provides federal funds to states that prohibit the sale of alcohol to minors under the age of twenty-one, all fifty states have set their drinking age there. Rules about how alcohol is sold vary greatly from state to state. The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime, and authorized Congress to enforce abolition. Though millions of

"Alcohol laws of New Jersey"
illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area. Historically, a few municipalities had ordinances against

Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol. The Twenty-first Amendment was proposed by Congress on February 20, 1933, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on December 5, 1933. It is unique among the 27 amendments of the U.S. Constitution for being the only one to repeal a prior amendment, as well as being the only amendment to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions. The Eighteenth Amendment was ratified on January

Act, Roosevelt made his famous remark: ""I think this would be a good time for a beer."" According to a 2017 study in the journal ""Public Choice"", representatives from traditional beer-producing states, as well as Democratic politicians, were most in favor of the bill, but politicians from many Southern states were most strongly opposed to the legislation. The Eighteenth Amendment was repealed on December 5, 1933, with ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Despite the efforts of Heber J. Grant, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the 21 Utah members of the constitutional

"National Minimum Drinking Age Act"
alcoholic beverages. However, these changes were soon followed by studies showing an increase in motor vehicle fatalities attributable to the decreased MLDA. In response to these findings, many states raised the minimum legal drinking age to 19 (and sometimes to 20 or 21). In 1984, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Act, written by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and influenced by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), required all states to enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21 or else risk losing 10% of all federal highway construction funds. As the MLDA was still left to the discretion of the state,

Eukaryote
can reproduce both asexually through mitosis and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion. In mitosis, one cell divides to produce two genetically identical cells. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid daughter cells. These act as sex cells (gametes). Each gamete has just one set of chromosomes, each a unique mix of the corresponding pair of parental chromosomes resulting from genetic recombination during meiosis. The domain Eukaryota appears to be monophyletic, and makes up one of the domains of life in the three-domain system. The two other domains, Bacteria and Archaea,

"Origin of replication"
the regulatory constraints on the plasmids replication and the bacteria then go from producing 30–40 plasmids per cell with pBR322 up to producing over 500 with pUC. This allows genetic engineers to produce large quantities of DNA for research purposes. Other origins of replication include pSC101 (derived from Salmonella, around 5 copies per cell), 15A origin (derived from p15A, 10–20 copies per cell) and Bacterial artificial chromosomes (1 copy per cell). In eukaryotes, the budding yeast ""Saccharomyces cerevisiae"" were first identified by their ability to support the replication of mini-chromosomes or plasmids, giving rise to the name Autonomously replicating sequences

Eukaryote
called the unikonts. Beyond this, there does not appear to be a consensus. It has been estimated that there may be 75 distinct lineages of eukaryotes. Most of these lineages are protists. The known eukaryote genome sizes vary from 8.2 megabases (Mb) in ""Babesia bovis"" to 112,000–220,050 Mb in the dinoflagellate ""Prorocentrum micans"", showing that the genome of the ancestral eukaryote has undergone considerable variation during its evolution. The last common ancestor of all eukaryotes is believed to have been a phagotrophic protist with a nucleus, at least one centriole and cilium, facultatively aerobic mitochondria, sex (meiosis and syngamy), a

14,000,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacterium ""Sorangium cellulosum"". Spirochaetes of the genus ""Borrelia"" are a notable exception to this arrangement, with bacteria such as ""Borrelia burgdorferi"", the cause of Lyme disease, containing a single ""linear"" chromosome. Prokaryotic chromosomes have less sequence-based structure than eukaryotes. Bacteria typically have a one-point (the origin of replication) from which replication starts, whereas some archaea contain multiple replication origins. The genes in prokaryotes are often organized in operons, and do not usually contain introns, unlike eukaryotes. Prokaryotes do not possess nuclei. Instead, their DNA is organized into a structure called the nucleoid. The nucleoid

Exon
the C-value enigma. Across all eukaryotic genes in GenBank there were (in 2002), on average, 5.48 exons per gene. The average exon encoded 30-36 amino acids. While the longest exon in the human genome is 11555 bp long, several exons have been found to be only 2 bp long. A single-nucleotide exon has been reported from the ""Arabidopsis"" genome. In protein-coding genes, the exons include both the protein-coding sequence and the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR). Often the first exon includes both the 5′-UTR and the first part of the coding sequence, but exons containing only regions of 5′-UTR or

"Origin and function of meiosis"
cycle in eukaryotes. It is the stage of the life cycle when a cell gives rise to two haploid cells (gametes) each having half as many chromosomes. Two such haploid gametes, arising from different individual organisms, fuse by the process of fertilization, thus completing the sexual cycle. Meiosis is ubiquitous among eukaryotes. It occurs in single-celled organisms such as yeast, as well as in multicellular organisms, such as humans. Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes more than 2.2 billion years ago and the earliest eukaryotes were likely single-celled organisms. To understand sex in eukaryotes, it is necessary to understand (1) how meiosis

"Genome evolution"
thereby adopting new roles. The genetic code is made up of sequences of four nucleotide bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine, commonly referred to as A,G,C,and T. The GC-content is the percentage of G & C bases within a genome. GC-content varies greatly between different organisms. Gene coding regions have been shown to have a higher GC-content and the longer the gene is, the greater the percentage of G and C bases that are present. A higher GC-content confers a benefit because a Guanine-Cytosine bond is made up of three hydrogen bonds while an Adenine-Thymine bond is made up of

"Cell lineage"
Cell lineage Cell lineage denotes the developmental history of a tissue or organ from the fertilized embryo. Cell lineage can be studied by marking a cell (with fluorescent molecules or other traceable markers) and following its progeny after cell division. Some organisms as ""C. elegans"" have a predetermined pattern of cell progeny and the adult male will always consist of 1031 cells, this is because cell division in ""C. elegans"" is genetically determined and known as eutely. This causes the cell lineage and cell fate to be highly correlated. Other organisms, such as humans, have variable lineages and somatic cell

Genome
If the DNA is replicated faster than the bacterial cells divide, multiple copies of the chromosome can be present in a single cell. Most prokaryotes have very little repetitive DNA in their genomes. However, some symbiotic bacteria (e.g. ""Serratia symbiotica"") have reduced genomes and a high fraction of pseudogenes: only ~40% of their DNA encodes proteins. Some bacteria have auxiliary genetic material, which is carried in plasmids. Eukaryotic genomes are composed of one or more linear DNA chromosomes. The number of chromosomes varies widely from Jack jumper ants and an asexual nemotode, which each have only one pair, to a

passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their progeny. Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated. Unduplicated chromosomes are single double helixes, whereas duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies (called chromatids or sister chromatids) joined by a centromere. Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as those found in plants, fungi, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Each chromosome has one centromere, with one or two arms projecting from the centromere, although, under most circumstances, these arms are not visible as such. In addition, most eukaryotes

music being played. ""All our field cast and staging experts, technicians and vendors [had] stepped up to support the vision, and Gaga herself, having embraced the concept early on, [had] taken on the task with more interest and heart than any other artist that I've worked with in the last 11 years,"" Rodgers concluded. Production Resource Group (PRG) supplied the show's lighting. PRG's Chris Conti shared Barnhart's floor plan for the lighting setup, which used DMX512 to control the system. Barnhart recalled that ""[the] show was a little more complicated this year, due to the amount of scenery that we

"Super Bowl 50 halftime show"
""That's what you're doing?"", to which she replied ""There's nothing more we can do these last two days. It's gonna be what it's gonna be. So I'm gonna enjoy this bag of Cheetos."" Mars strongly believes that Beyoncé is ""coming for you every single time. So you better bring your A-game every time."" The show opened with Chris Martin singing the opening chorus from ""Yellow"". He was then joined by the remaining band members of Coldplay to perform ""Viva la Vida"", ""Paradise"", and ""Adventure of a Lifetime"" with the Youth Orchestra Los Angeles conducted by Gustavo Dudamel and the University

Super Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports

surfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album ""A Head Full of Dreams"". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to

performance's creative visual lead, Fireplay's Nick Whitehouse, told ""Rolling Stone"": Prince had previously stated he did not want to be included in new music after death in a 1998 interview, citing The Beatles' ""Free as a Bird"" as an example of a practice he considered to be ""demonic."" His family granted permission to use Prince's likeness on the condition that it not be used in a hologram, and they approved of the final result. Sheila E, a former bandmate of Prince's who was involved in negotiations over the use of his likeness, stated that ""a bigger company"" (she declined to

Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and create a common identity. The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland; the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September

also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945 (V-J Day), rather than the formal surrender of Japan, which was on 2 September 1945 that officially ended the war in Asia. A peace treaty with Japan was signed in 1951. A treaty regarding Germany's future allowed the reunification of East and West Germany to take place in 1990 and resolved most post-World War II issues. No formal peace treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union was ever signed. World War I had radically altered the political

civilian population. The firebombing of Hamburg was among the first attacks in this campaign, inflicting significant casualties and considerable losses on infrastructure of this important industrial center. After the Guadalcanal Campaign, the Allies initiated several operations against Japan in the Pacific. In May 1943, Canadian and US forces were sent to eliminate Japanese forces from the Aleutians. Soon after, the United States, with support from Australian and New Zealand forces, began major operations to isolate Rabaul by capturing surrounding islands, and breach the Japanese Central Pacific perimeter at the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. By the end of March 1944, the

history. In May 1945, Australian troops landed in Borneo, over-running the oilfields there. British, American, and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern Burma in March, and the British pushed on to reach Rangoon by 3 May. Chinese forces started a counterattack in the Battle of West Hunan that occurred between 6 April and 7 June 1945. American naval and amphibious forces also moved towards Japan, taking Iwo Jima by March, and Okinawa by the end of June. At the same time, American submarines cut off Japanese imports, drastically reducing Japan's ability to supply its overseas forces. On 11 July,

forces were stopped at El Alamein. On the Continent, raids of Allied commandos on strategic targets, culminating in the disastrous Dieppe Raid, demonstrated the Western Allies' inability to launch an invasion of continental Europe without much better preparation, equipment, and operational security. In August 1942, the Allies succeeded in repelling a second attack against El Alamein and, at a high cost, managed to deliver desperately needed supplies to the besieged Malta. A few months later, the Allies commenced an attack of their own in Egypt, dislodging the Axis forces and beginning a drive west across Libya. This attack was followed

Allies had completed both of these objectives, and had also neutralised the major Japanese base at Truk in the Caroline Islands. In April, the Allies launched an operation to retake Western New Guinea. In the Soviet Union, both the Germans and the Soviets spent the spring and early summer of 1943 preparing for large offensives in central Russia. On 4 July 1943, Germany attacked Soviet forces around the Kursk Bulge. Within a week, German forces had exhausted themselves against the Soviets' deeply echeloned and well-constructed defences, and for the first time in the war Hitler cancelled the operation before it

"The Death of Superman (film)"
theme of the film is relationships and their impact on Superman's world. ""The Death of Superman"" had its premiere at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 20, 2018 and released in direct-to-video on August 7, 2018, distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment on DVD, Blu-ray, and on digital distribution platforms on July 24, 2018. The Film is also scheduled to receive a limited theatrical release on January 13, 2019. Reviews for ""The Death of Superman"" have been positive. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 92% based on 12 reviews. ""Newsarama"" called the film ""One of DC's Best

The Death of Superman (film) The Death of Superman is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is based on the DC comic book storyline of the same name. The film, which chronicles the battle between Superman (Jerry O'Connell) and Doomsday, is the 32nd installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the 11th film in the DC Animated Movie Universe. ""The Death of Superman"" was released on July 24, 2018, with the film receiving a limited theatrical release on January 13, 2019. A sequel, ""Reign of the Supermen"", will

be released in January 15, 2019. Superman has become an icon of virtue for the citizens of Metropolis, a notion that still infuriates billionaire and Superman foe Lex Luthor, who considers the alien a threat to his city. After foiling a kidnapping attempt of the mayor by Intergang armed with Apokolips technology, such as the Mother Box, Superman and the Justice League send the pieces to S.T.A.R. Labs for analysis. Meanwhile Superman, in an unprecedented move, presents the rocket that brought him from Krypton to Earth, and its birthing matrix, containing Kryptonian DNA technology to the world, through an interview

Cress Williams returning as Steel, Charles Halford as Eradicator, and Patrick Fabian as Hank Henshaw / Cyborg Superman. The Death of Superman (film) The Death of Superman is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is based on the DC comic book storyline of the same name. The film, which chronicles the battle between Superman (Jerry O'Connell) and Doomsday, is the 32nd installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the 11th film in the DC Animated Movie Universe. ""The Death of Superman"" was released on July 24, 2018, with

"When the World Becomes Undone"
When the World Becomes Undone When the World Becomes Undone is the third release by American metal band A Pale Horse Named Death due for release on January 18, 2019. The first single, ""Love The Ones You Hate"", was released on November 16, 2018. It was initially made available exclusively via loudwire.com. The album was also released as a limited edition box set featuring 2 colored LPs (transparent green with black streaks), a CD version of the album, a beanie, patch, guitar pick and sticker. This version is serially numbered with only 550 copies released worldwide. A five-year gap preceded

announced a 12-part digital comic series titled ""The Death of Superman: Part 1"", written by veteran Superman writer Louise Simonson serves as a prequel to the film. In the US, retailer Best Buy offered an exclusive ""Deluxe Edition"" Blu-Ray containing a hardcover graphic novel titled ""The Death of Superman: The Wake."" The four-chapter series, also written by Simonson picks up shortly after the events of the film. A sequel, ""Reign of the Supermen"", will be released on January 15, 2019. It will be based on the second part of the storyline. The cast includes Cameron Monaghan as Kon-El / Superboy,

"The Death of Superman"
was released in 2018, while the second, ""Reign of the Supermen"", is scheduled for release in 2019. Superman is a superhero created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He debuted in ""Action Comics"" #1 on April 18, 1938, to immediate success, and the following year became the first superhero to headline his own comic book, ""Superman"". Since his debut, Superman has been considered a cultural icon in the United States. In 1985, DC launched the crossover event ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"", which took place in a variety of comics. Its

shorter-tempered and no longer in love with Lois Lane. However, ""The Death of Superman"" remained intact in the new DC Universe. To coincide with the release of the animated film adaptation of the crossover in 2018, a 12-part ""Death of Superman"" webcomic series began, written by Simonson and illustrated by Cat Staggs, Joel Ojeda, and Laura Braga, among others. The first parts chronicle Superman's actions hours before Doomsday kills him; later parts follow Jimmy Olson during the confrontation and the aftermath of Superman's death. Stern wrote a novelization of ""The Death of Superman"", ""The Death and Life of Superman"", in

stab each other with a spear and bone, respectively, and both die. Jurgens received a ""Special Thanks"" credit at the end of the film. In ""Justice League"" (2017), the black suit reappears as an Easter egg in a deleted scene. Costume designer Michael Wilkinson explained that director Zack Snyder planned to have Superman wear the suit when he was resurrected in the film, but scrapped the idea in pre-production. In 2017, DC announced a two-part animated film adaptation, ""The Death of Superman"" (2018) and ""Reign of the Supermen"" (2019), to be released as part of the DC Universe Animated Original

"Memories Don't Die"
completion was announced by Lanez on August 2, 2017. On October 5, 2017, Lanez announced his second album's title. On August 11, 2017, Lanez was featured in an interview with ""HotNewHipHop"" about his album's theme, by stating On February 9, 2018, Lanez unveiled the album's cover art and tracklist. On January 1, 2017, Lanez released two mixtapes: ""Chixtape IV"" and ""The New Toronto 2"" which were promoted as the prelude for his second album. The album's lead single, ""Shooters"" was released for streaming and digital download on September 22, 2017. Its music video was released a month later. The album's

"Carnival Road March"
Carnival Road March The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the ""judging points"" along the parade route during Carnival. Originating as part of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, the term has been applied to other Caribbean carnivals. In Trinidad and Tobago the Road March title has been officially given out every year since 1932 (with the exception of the years affected by World War I and World War II when Carnival did not take place). Popular Unofficial Road Marches have also been recognized in T&T from since 1834 after slavery was abolished. Prior to World War

and again from 1974-1976, Road March winners were imported from Trinidad and Tobago. The Jam Band, formerly Eddie and the Movements has won the Road March Title a record 21 times. Carnival Road March The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the ""judging points"" along the parade route during Carnival. Originating as part of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, the term has been applied to other Caribbean carnivals. In Trinidad and Tobago the Road March title has been officially given out every year since 1932 (with the exception of the years affected by World War I

II, T&T Road Marches were referred to as ""Leggos"" or ""Breakaways"" by the general population but were rebranded by the Carnival authorities as the Road March from 1946. Scoring is based upon a register-and-count system devised by a Carnival committee before the start of the parade. The Road March title is among the most prestigious in Trinidad Carnival. The most such titles have gone to the late Lord Kitchener with eleven wins, ahead of Super Blue with ten wins, Machel Montano with nine wins and the Mighty Sparrow with eight wins. In the mid-1970s, a woman officially broke through in

year but may have been recorded years later after recording technology became available to Calypso pioneers of 1910's to 1930's. Below are over 100 T&T Road Marches starting from this year going back to 1800's when most calypsos were sung in Patios. Grenada Carnival also known as Spicemas was founded to celebrate the anniversary of the independence of Grenada, Carriacou, and Petit Martinique, which gained their independence on 7 February 1974. In 1978 Grenada Carnival was moved to the month of May by the Eric Gairy led government but after that government was overthrown in March 1979, the 1979 Carnival

the male dominated Calypso arena. Calypso Rose was the first female to officially win the Trinidad and Tobago Road March competition in 1977 with her song ""Give More Tempo"". The following year 1978 with ""Come Leh We Jam"" in addition to winning the Road March title again, Calypso Rose also won the ""Calypso King"" competition, the first time a woman had received that award. As a result, the ""Calypso King"" competition was officially renamed the ""Calypso Monarch"" competition in 1979. First Calypso recordings were made in 1912 so Trinidad & Tobago Road Marches prior to 1912 were not recorded that

"Shurwayne Winchester"
of the Year"" (for ""Don’t Stop"", his collaboration with Shawn Noel) at the 8th annual Copyright Organisation of Trinidad and Tobago (COTT) awards in 2006. In 2008 he formed his own band, Y.O.U. (Yes One Unit). Winchester collaborated with Maxi Priest on ""Make It Yours"" and with Serani on ""All I Need"". Shurwayne Winchester Shurwayne Winchester is a Tobagonian soca musician from The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, who has twice won the Road March title. He was born on February 8th 1974 and was raised in Tobago. When he was 12, he entered the competition arena, consistently making yearly

Shurwayne Winchester Shurwayne Winchester is a Tobagonian soca musician from The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, who has twice won the Road March title. He was born on February 8th 1974 and was raised in Tobago. When he was 12, he entered the competition arena, consistently making yearly contributions that impressed and propelled him to advanced stages. His ability to both pen lyrics he loved and sing them in tones far beyond what was expected of his age, gave him the fortitude to compete against some of the best in the industry, among them, veterans such as the calypso queen

celebration was cancelled. In 1980 the new People’s Revolutionary Government (PRG) led by Maurice Bishop brought back Grenada Carnival, which was held in May that year. After a feasibility study Grenada Carnival was moved to August the following year. Hence annually from 1981 Grenada's Carnival has been held in August culminating with their Road March competition. If anyone has reliable details of the Grenada Road March winning songs between 1974 and 1978 and also in 1980 then please also contribute details in table below. Invader has won the Road March in St. Lucia seven times. In a period from 1970-1972

"End of the Road Festival"
Lekman, Joan As Police Woman, John Parish, Johnny Flynn, Josh T Pearson, King Creosote, Loney Dear, Malcolm Middleton, Midlake, Pete and the Pirates, Robyn Hitchcock (who was accompanied by John Paul Jones), Scout Niblett, Seasick Steve, Stephanie Dosen, The Twilight Sad, Willard Grant Conspiracy and Zombie-Zombie. For the first sellout year, over 12–14 September, the headliners were Conor Oberst & The Mystic Valley Band, Mercury Rev and Calexico. Also appearing were A Hawk And A Hacksaw, Akron/Family, American Music Club, Billy Childish and the Musicians of the British Empire, Bon Iver, Brakes, British Sea Power, Darren Hayman playing Hefner songs,

Mike Heron, Daughn Gibson, Frightened Rabbit, The Barr Brothers, The Walkmen, Charlie Boyer & the Voyeurs, Bo Ningen, Palma Violets, Public Service Broadcasting, Strand of Oaks, Marika Hackman and Landshapes. The festival took place 28–30 August. The 2014 headliners were ""The Gene Clark No Other Band""*, The Flaming Lips and Wild Beasts. Other notable acts included St. Vincent, The Horrors, Yo La Tengo, John Grant, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, White Denim, British Sea Power, Gruff Rhys, tUnE-yArDs, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Ezra Furman, Adult Jazz, The Wave Pictures, Cate Le Bon, Sweet Baboo, H. Hawkline, Lucius, Perfume Genius, Lau, Archie

"1928 United States presidential election"
1928 United States presidential election The United States presidential election of 1928 was the 36th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1928. Republican Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover defeated the Democratic nominee, Governor Al Smith of New York. Hoover was the last Republican to win a presidential election until 1952. After President Calvin Coolidge declined to seek reelection, Hoover emerged as his party's front-runner. As Hoover's intra-party opponents failed to unite around a candidate, Hoover received a large majority of the vote at the 1928 Republican National Convention. The strong state of the economy discouraged some Democrats from

Roman Catholic, suffered politically from anti-Catholic prejudice, his anti-prohibitionist stance, and his association with the legacy of corruption of Tammany Hall. Hoover won a third straight Republican landslide and made substantial inroads in the traditionally Democratic Solid South, winning several states that had not voted for a Republican since the end of Reconstruction. Hoover's victory made him the first president born west of the Mississippi River, and he is the most recent sitting member of the Cabinet to win a major party's presidential nomination. Republican candidates: With President Coolidge choosing not to enter the race, the race for the nomination

Percent of Vote (Republican) Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other) 1928 United States presidential election The United States presidential election of 1928 was the 36th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1928. Republican Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover defeated the Democratic nominee, Governor Al Smith of New York. Hoover was the last Republican to win a presidential election until 1952. After President Calvin Coolidge declined to seek reelection, Hoover emerged as his party's front-runner. As Hoover's intra-party opponents failed to unite around a candidate, Hoover received a large majority of

twice the vote cast in 1916 and nearly three times that of 1896. Every section in the Union increased its vote, the Mountain, East South Central and West South Central sections least of all. The greatest increases were in the heavily populated (Northeastern) Mid-Atlantic and East North Central sections, where more than 4,250,000 more votes were cast, more than half of the nationwide increase. There was an increase of over a million each in New York and Pennsylvania. Hoover won the election by a wide margin on pledges to continue the economic boom of the Coolidge years. He received more

"Calvin Coolidge"
Calvin Coolidge John Calvin Coolidge Jr. (; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. Soon after, he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1920, and succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden

was wide open. The leading candidates were Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, former Illinois Governor Frank Orren Lowden and Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis. A draft-Coolidge movement failed to gain traction with party insiders and failed to persuade Coolidge himself. In the few primaries that mattered, Hoover did not perform as well as expected, and it was thought that the president or Vice-President Charles G. Dawes might accept a draft in case of a deadlock, but Lowden withdrew just as the convention was about to start, paving the way for a Hoover victory. The Republican Convention, held in Kansas City,

"1928 Republican National Convention"
government, continued reclamation of arid lands in the West, improvement of air-mail service, restricted immigration and naturalization of foreign immigrants in America, continued enforcement of the Washington Naval Treaty, continued status of territory status for Alaska and Hawaii and called for more women in public service, right of the President to draft defense material resources and services, creation of an Indian Commission, an Anti-Lynching Law and promised continued Home-Rule for the American Citizen. After Coolidge announced that he would not run for a second full term in August 1927, Hoover emerged as the frontrunner. Illinois Governor Frank Lowden, Vice President

68–45. Anti-Catholicism was a significant problem for Smith's campaign. Protestant ministers warned that he would take orders from the pope who, many Americans sincerely believed, would move to the United States to rule the country from a fortress in Washington, D.C., if Smith won. According to a popular joke, after the election he sent a one-word telegram advising Pope Pius XI to ""Unpack"". Beyond the conspiracy theories, a survey of 8,500 Southern Methodist Church ministers found only four who supported Smith, and the northern Methodists, Southern Baptists, and Disciples of Christ were similar in their opposition. Many voters who sincerely

"Herbert Hoover"
Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression. A Republican, as Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s he introduced themes of efficiency in the business community and provided government support for standardization, efficiency and international trade. As president from 1929 to 1933, his domestic programs were overshadowed by the onset of the Great Depression. Hoover was defeated in a landslide election in 1932 by Democratic Franklin D. Roosevelt. After this loss,

"Warren G. Harding"
Warren G. Harding Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th President of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923, a member of the Republican Party. At that time, he was one of the most popular U.S. Presidents, but the subsequent exposure of scandals that took place under his administration such as Teapot Dome eroded his popular regard, as did revelations of an affair by Nan Britton, one of his mistresses. In historical rankings of the U.S. Presidents, Harding is often rated among the worst. Harding lived in rural Ohio all his

"Law & Order"
62 at Chelsea Piers (where the series was mostly shot) was renamed ""Law & Order Way"" in tribute to the series. The music for ""Law & Order"" was composed by veteran composer Mike Post, and was deliberately designed to be minimal to match the abbreviated style of the series. Post wrote the theme song using electric piano, guitar, and clarinet. In addition, scene changes were accompanied by a tone generated by Post. He refers to the tone as ""The Clang"", while ""Entertainment Weekly"" critic Ken Tucker has referred to the sound as the ""ominous ""chung CHUNG"""", actor Dann Florek (in

series of the franchise. The UK-aired Channel Five versions of seasons 7–16 of ""Law & Order"" and Seasons 1–9 of """" feature the song ""I'm Not Driving Anymore"" by Rob Dougan in the opening credits with ""Urban Warfare"" by Paul Dinletir being used for Seasons 10–11 after that Seasons 16–20 of Law & Order and Seasons 12+ of SVU used the US theme. Another Rob Dougan track, ""There's Only Me"", was used as the theme for seasons 1–6 of """", with Urban Warfare again being used for Seasons 7–8 and the US theme being used for Seasons 9–10. For the

"Law & Order (franchise)"
examiners are also shared among the shows. Occasionally, crossovers of main characters or shared storylines between two of the shows will occur. A few major characters have also left the cast of one show within the franchise only to eventually join another. The music, style, and credits of the shows tend to be similar, with the voiceover in the opening of every series performed by Steven Zirnkilton. The shows share the iconic ""dun, dun"" sound effect of a jail cell locking, created, along with the theme songs, by Mike Post. Past episodes of the American series are in syndication with

"Law & Order: Criminal Intent"
in the opening credits (seasons 1–5). Another Rob Dougan track, ""I'm Not Driving Anymore"", is used as the theme for ""Law & Order"" and """". From season 6 the UK-aired version theme is ""Urban Warfare"" by Paul Dinletir. ""Law & Order: Criminal Intent"" was created in 2001 by René Balcer and Dick Wolf. Balcer served as the show's executive producer, showrunner, and head writer for its first five seasons. The show dominated its original time slot on Sundays at 9:00 p.m. for its first three seasons (routinely beating its competition, ABC's ""Alias"" and HBO's ""The Sopranos"", in households and in

as #2 as a single record on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The iconic ""dun, dun"" sound effect he created for the Law & Order franchise has entered popular culture. At the peak of his career, Post was the go-to composer for all of the series created by Donald P. Bellisario, Steven Bochco, Stephen J. Cannell and Dick Wolf. Due to the considerable amount of music to be created, Post operated an office with multiple staff composers, among them Walter Murphy, Velton Ray Bunch, Frank Denson, Jerry Grant and Greg Edmonson, all composing side by side in cubicles. Each would write

"The Rockford Files (theme)"
The Rockford Files (theme) ""The Rockford Files"" is a 1975 instrumental by Mike Post and co-composer Pete Carpenter. The song is the theme from the TV series ""The Rockford Files"" starring James Garner. It appears at the opening and ending of each episode with different arrangements. Throughout the show's tenure, the theme song went through numerous evolutions, with later versions containing a distinct electric guitar-based bridge section played by session guitarist Dan Ferguson. The song spent four months on the charts and in August 1975 became a Top 10 hit in the U.S. (#10, for two weeks) and in Canada

"The Outcasts (Texas band)"
producing the first three albums for The First Edition and creating the theme music for ""Law & Order"", ""The Rockford Files"", ""Hill Street Blues"" and many other television series. Post was the songwriter and producer of the band's first single. He also recruited ""the Outcasts"" as the back-up band for a performance by Jimmy Carlson (who was active in the New York folk music scene) and Jimmy Hawkins (who later worked in Elvis Presley films and on ""The Donna Reed Show""). According to member Denny Turner, they had all of the trappings of a successful rock band: a succession of

"Theme music"
even has a title sequence. Notable is the ""Law & Order"" series, which started out with one theme song for ""Law & Order"", and remixed it for its four spinoffs ("""", """", """" and """"). The related shows ""Crime & Punishment"", ""New York Undercover"". ""Arrest & Trial"" and ""Stars Earn Stripes"" also aired with a remix of the theme. """" uses the first strophe of ""Baba O'Riley"" for its opening sequence, but with a remixed version of the instrumental track. Radio programs with notable theme music include ""Just a Minute"", which uses a high-speed rendition of the ""Minute Waltz"" by

"Angel of the North"
Angel of the North The Angel of the North is a contemporary sculpture, designed by Antony Gormley, located in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. Completed in 1998, it is a steel sculpture of an angel, tall, with wings measuring across. The wings do not stand straight sideways, but are angled 3.5 degrees forward; Gormley did this to create ""a sense of embrace"". The angel like much of Gormley's other work is based on a cast of his body. It stands on the hill of Birtley, at Low Eighton in Lamesley, overlooking the A1 and A167 roads into Tyneside, and the

was built to withstand winds of over 100 mph (160 km/h). Thus, foundations containing of concrete anchor the sculpture to rock below. The sculpture was built at Hartlepool Steel Fabrications Ltd using COR-TEN weather-resistant steel. It was made in three parts—with the body weighing and two wings weighing each—then brought to its site by road. The components were transported in convoy—the body on a 48-wheel trailer—from their construction site in Hartlepool, up the A19 road to the installation site away; the nighttime journey took five hours and attracted large crowds. The ""Angel"" aroused some controversy in British newspapers, at first,

East Coast Main Line rail route, south of the site of Team Colliery. According to Gormley, the significance of an angel was three-fold: first, to signify that beneath the site of its construction, coal miners worked for two centuries; second, to grasp the transition from an industrial to an information age, and third, to serve as a focus for our evolving hopes and fears. Work began on the project in 1994, and cost £800,000. Most of the project funding was provided by the National Lottery. The ""Angel"" was installed on 15 February 1998. Due to its exposed location, the sculpture

"Angel of Victory"
Angel of Victory The Angel of Victory (French: "" L'Ange de la Victoire"") is a statue crafted by London-born sculptor Coeur de Lion McCarthy (1881–1979), installed in Montreal's Windsor Station, in Quebec, Canada. It was commissioned in 1922 in memory of the 1,116 Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) employees who died in World War I. Copies of the statue were also installed at CPR stations in Vancouver and Winnipeg, Canada. The bronze, seven foot tall statue shows a fallen soldier being carried up to heaven by a female angel. It is on a pedestal inscribed: To Commemorate Those in the Service

depicts the young artist in place of the fallen soldier, his body pierced by paintbrushes. Angel of Victory The Angel of Victory (French: "" L'Ange de la Victoire"") is a statue crafted by London-born sculptor Coeur de Lion McCarthy (1881–1979), installed in Montreal's Windsor Station, in Quebec, Canada. It was commissioned in 1922 in memory of the 1,116 Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) employees who died in World War I. Copies of the statue were also installed at CPR stations in Vancouver and Winnipeg, Canada. The bronze, seven foot tall statue shows a fallen soldier being carried up to heaven by

the project. A life-size model from which the sculpture was created was sold at auction for £2.28 million in July 2008. An additional bronze maquette used in fundraising in the 1990s, owned by Gateshead Council, was valued at £1 million on the BBC show ""Antiques Roadshow"" on 16 November 2008—the most valuable item ever appraised on the programme. In 2011 German fashion designer Wolfgang Joop sold his life-size maquette (previously kept in the garden of his mansion in Potsdam, Germany) at an auction at Christie's in London for £3.4 million to an anonymous bidder. Another maquette was donated to the

"The Angel Inn"
and John Cotyn—were engaged to build the chimney stacks and fireplaces, and to line the cellars and latrine pits. One of the final acts was the painting of the inn's sign, which was made by John Massyngham at Winchester in 1452. The completed structure consisted of 4 wings, with galleries on the upper floors of the north and south wings, enclosing a courtyard. The east wing presented the main façade and contained a gated archway, wide, giving access to the yard from the High Street. In the original plans, the archway was to be placed at the southern end of

"Angelus Temple"
look to its high vaulted dome..."" but no part of the church pleased her more than the magnificent Kimball pipe organ which always soothed her and brought her peace of mind. The main building was dedicated on January 1, 1923. The auditorium had a seating capacity of 5,300 people and was filled three times each day, seven days a week. L. I. F. E. Bible College was founded in a building adjacent to Angelus Temple. This building is currently the home of the Angelus Temple Hispanic Church. The former Queen of Angels Hospital is the base of operations for the

"Angel of Peace"
gold mosaics which depict the allegories of war and peace, victory and blessing for the culture. The foundation stone was laid on 10 May 1896; the unveiling was on 16 July 1899. The sculpture of gilded cast bronze was a collaborative work of the architects were Heinrich Düll, Georg Pezold and Max Heilmaier. The Putti Fountain is a work of Wilhelm von Rümann. When the ""Angel"" fell from the column in 1981, it was taken away so that the significant damages could be repaired. After having been restored, it was put back on its column in 1983, its leg and

God would have us build."" Aimee Semple McPherson hired Brook Hawkins from Winter Construction Company, the architect of the Culver Hotel, the Grauman's Metropolitan Theatre and the Pasadena Playhouse. The Angelus Temple building, seating 5,300 people, was opened in Echo Park in 1923. On opening day, Aimee Semple McPherson declared, ""Today is the happiest day of my entire life. I can hardly believe that this great temple has been built for me!"" Aimee Semple McPherson managed to raise $250,000 from wealthy followers to finance the construction. The temple is considered to be the first megachurch built in the United States,

"Alex Borstein"
Alex Borstein Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series ""Family Guy"" (1999–present), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award from multiple nominations. Borstein also had lead roles as various characters on the sketch comedy series ""MADtv"" (1997–2009), Dawn Forchette in the medical comedy series ""Getting On"" (2013–15), and Susie Myerson in the historical comedy-drama series ""The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel"" (2017–present), the latter of which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award. She had supporting roles in numerous

named Henrietta Borstein Douglas (born October 1, 2012). Alex Borstein Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series ""Family Guy"" (1999–present), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award from multiple nominations. Borstein also had lead roles as various characters on the sketch comedy series ""MADtv"" (1997–2009), Dawn Forchette in the medical comedy series ""Getting On"" (2013–15), and Susie Myerson in the historical comedy-drama series ""The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel"" (2017–present), the latter of which earned her a Primetime

"Lois Griffin"
the show he called ""Family Guy"". Brian's character was largely based on Steve from the ""Larry and Steve"" cartoon, with Larry serving as the primary basis of the Peter character. The character's personality was also partially inspired by a friend of his father who rudely fell asleep while watching the 1993 film ""Philadelphia"". The network executives were impressed with the pilot and ordered thirteen episodes, giving MacFarlane a 2 million dollar per-season contract. Lois Griffin is voiced by producer and staff writer, Alex Borstein, who also voices recurring characters such as Asian reporter Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother

Petergeist
Petergeist ""Petergeist"" is the 26th episode from season four of Fox animated series ""Family Guy"". Peter decides to build a multiplex to top Joe's new home theater, but comes across an Indian skull in his backyard and desecrates it. As a result, a poltergeist haunts the Griffins' house and spirits drag Stewie away to the other side, followed by even stranger events. The episode was written by Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild and it was directed by Sarah Frost. This episode features guest appearances from Phil LaMarr, Lori Alan, Adam West, Carrot Top, and Bob Costas as well as several

"Family Guy (season 7)"
Purdum were supervising directors for the entire season. Walter Murphey composed the season's music tracks, while Stan Jones edited them. Season seven had a cast of five main actors. MacFarlane voiced Peter Griffin, a blue-collar worker and the patriarch of the Griffin family. The family's evil-genius baby Stewie, their anthropromorphic pet dog Brian, their sexually-active neighbor Glenn Quagmire, Peter's father-in-law Carter Pewterschmidt, local doctor Elmer Hartman and local news anchor Tom Tucker were also voiced by MacFarlane. Other members of the family include Peter's responsible-but-rebellious wife, Lois (voiced by Alex Borstein); their self-loathing teenage daughter, Meg (voiced by Mila Kunis)

and their goofball teenage son, Chris (voiced by Seth Green). Mike Henry voiced the Griffins' neighbor (and Peter's friend) Cleveland Brown. The season had a number of secondary characters, including Lori Alan as Diane Simmons (a local news anchor); Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown (a neighbor and friend of the Griffins); Patrick Warburton as Joe Swanson (a disabled neighbor) and Jennifer Tilly as Bonnie Swanson (Joe's pregnant wife). Adam West voices an alternative version of himself, Mayor Adam West. Other recurring characters include Phil LaMarr as Ollie Williams, Johnny Brennan as Mort Goldman, Carrie Fisher as Angela, Mark Hentemann as

"Peter's Two Dads"
to throw the first punch was not broadcast for television. In addition to the regular cast, actor Dan Conroy, actress Phyllis Diller, actor Charles Durning, and voice actor Fred Tatasciore guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alex Breckenridge, Chris Cox, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin and writer John Viener made minor appearances. Stewie draws a picture of David Tua on the wall to try to get Lois to hit him. It also mocks the main character's decisions in ""Pet Sematary"" when Peter buried Francis' body at the same cemetery to resurrect him, but decided against it

"Alan Blumenfeld"
Alan Blumenfeld Alan Blumenfeld (born September 4, 1952) is a veteran American character actor best known for his role in NBC's TV series ""Heroes"" as Maury Parkman, the telepath father of Matt Parkman played by Greg Grunberg, and as Bob Buss in the telefilm ""2gether"". He has played Greg Grunberg's father in both ""Felicity"" and ""Heroes"". Blumenfeld has been acting since the age of 7 in his first grade, and has appeared in prime time television shows such as ""Grey's Anatomy"", ""JAG"", ""Gilmore Girls"", """", ""Without a Trace"", and ""Judging Amy"". He has also appeared in movies, including ""The Ring"",

Lois Griffin Lois Patrice Griffin (née Pewterschmidt) is a fictional character from the animated television series ""Family Guy"". She is voiced by writer Alex Borstein and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in the 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Lois was created and designed by series creator Seth MacFarlane. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company based on ""Larry and Steve"", a short he made which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the green light, the Griffin family

"David Seville"
episodes from 1983–1990. Bagdasarian Jr. has voiced David Seville in all official animated and recorded incarnations of David Seville since taking over for his father in the 1970s, including TV series, animated specials, and direct-to-video productions. He most recently voiced the character in the 2015 reboot of the ""Alvin and the Chipmunks"" television show. Actor Jason Lee also portrays David Seville in a live action/CGI films starring Alvin and the Chipmunks which uses a combination of live-action acting and computer animation. While Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. does not do any voices for the film series, the films are all produced in

association with Bagdasarian Productions, which owns the rights to all of the characters. David Seville David ""Dave"" Seville is a fictional character, the producer and manager of the fictional singing group ""Alvin and the Chipmunks"". The character was created by Ross Bagdasarian Sr. Bagdasarian had used the name ""David Seville"" as his stage name prior to the creation of the Chipmunks, while writing and recording novelty records in the 1950s. One of the records, recorded under the David Seville stage name, was ""Witch Doctor"", featuring a sped-up high-pitched vocal technique that Bagdasarian would later use in ""The Chipmunk Song (Christmas

"Northern Calloway"
Northern Calloway Northern James Calloway (January 22, 1948 – January 9, 1990) was an American actor, voice artist, singer, and comedian, best known for playing David on ""Sesame Street"" from 1971 through 1989. On ""Sesame Street"", his character David was studying to be a lawyer, but when Mr. Hooper died, David took over Hooper's Store. He was a favorite among the many viewers of ""Sesame Street"" during his time on the show, but his later career was increasingly hampered by a serious decline in his mental health, until he had to be dismissed from the show and later institutionalized. On

Joe Rubbo Joseph ""Joe"" Rubbo (born July 26, 1963) is an American film actor and television producer best known for his performance as David in the 1982 coming-of-age comedy-drama ""The Last American Virgin"". He is a member of SAG-AFTRA. Rubbo was born in The Bronx, New York. One of Rubbo's earliest film roles was as a wrestler in the critically acclaimed 1982 Robin Williams comedy-drama ""The World According to Garp"". However, he is most known for co-starring as David in Boaz Davidson's ""The Last American Virgin"" (1982) and Arney in the 1985 teen film/sex comedy ""Hot Chili"". He later had

"Jason Lee (actor)"
Jason Lee (actor) Jason Michael Lee (born April 25, 1970) is an American actor, photographer, producer, skateboarder and comedian. He is best known for his roles as Earl Hickey in the television comedy series ""My Name Is Earl"", David Seville in the live action/CGI Alvin and the Chipmunks, and the voice of Syndrome in ""The Incredibles"". He is also known for his roles in Kevin Smith films such as ""Mallrats"", ""Chasing Amy"", ""Dogma"", ""Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back"", ""Jersey Girl"", ""Clerks II"", and ""Cop Out"". A former professional skateboarder, Lee is the co-founder and co-owner of Stereo Skateboards, a

"Jason Segel"
(2011), ""The Muppets"" (2011), ""The Five-Year Engagement"" (2012), ""This Is 40"" (2012), ""Sex Tape"" (2014) and ""The Discovery"" (2017). His performance as the late author David Foster Wallace in the 2015 film ""The End of the Tour"" was met with critical acclaim, earning him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead. Segel was born January 18, 1980, in Los Angeles, to Jillian (née Jordan) and Alvin Segel, a lawyer. He grew up in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood. His father is Jewish, whereas his mother is Christian. He has stated that he was raised Jewish, as well

"Nissan Stadium"
the stadium. Nissan Stadium Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, it is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is even used for large concerts, such as the CMA

Nissan Stadium Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, it is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is even used for large concerts, such as the CMA Music Festival

"Neyland Stadium"
Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced ""NEE-land"") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in the following decade. Neyland Stadium is the fifth

a 12-inch bed of sand to enhance drainage. Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced ""NEE-land"") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in

nightly concerts, which take place for four days every June. Facilities are included to enable the stadium to host other public events, meetings, parties, and gatherings. Nissan Stadium is located on the east bank of the Cumberland River, directly across the river from downtown Nashville and has a listed seating capacity of 69,143. Its first event was a preseason game between the Titans and the Atlanta Falcons on August 27, 1999. Since opening in 1999, it has been known by multiple names, including Adelphia Coliseum from 1999 to 2002, The Coliseum from 2002 to 2006, and LP Field from 2006

"First Tennessee Park"
First Tennessee Park First Tennessee Park is a baseball park in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The home of the Triple-A Nashville Sounds of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), it opened on April 17, 2015, and can seat up to 10,000 people. It replaced the Sounds' former home, Herschel Greer Stadium, where the team played from its founding in 1978 until 2014. The park was built on the site of the former Sulphur Dell, a minor league ballpark in use from 1870 to 1963. It is located between Third and Fifth Avenues on the east and west (home plate, the

the stadium. The concession stands and restrooms in these two areas were decorated to look like suburban homes using LP products. On June 24, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin and operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20-year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium. As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard. The Titans have posted an impressive record at Nissan Stadium since moving there in 1999,

"Vanderbilt Stadium"
for the Chargers and Los Angeles Rams, who are currently playing in the far larger Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, with opening scheduled in 2020. Over its history, Vanderbilt Stadium has occasionally been used for concerts and major speakers. Vanderbilt Stadium Vanderbilt Stadium is a football stadium located in Nashville, Tennessee. Completed in 1922 (then named Dudley Field) as the first stadium in the South to be used exclusively for college football, it is the home of the Vanderbilt University football team. Vanderbilt Stadium hosted the Tennessee Oilers (now Titans) during the 1998 NFL season and the first Music City Bowl

"William B. Greene Jr. Stadium"
William B. Greene Jr. Stadium William B. Greene Jr. Stadium is a football stadium on the campus of East Tennessee State University (ETSU) in Johnson City, Tennessee. The stadium is named after businessman and longtime ETSU supporter William B. Greene Jr. Located on the southwestern corner of campus at the foot of Buffalo Mountain, the new stadium is expected to have a seated capacity of over 7,000, plus standing room for an additional 3,000, and will cost roughly $26.615 million. The stadium is home to the newly resumed East Tennessee State Buccaneers football team, which played their 2015 and 2016

"Tennessee Titans"
for one season. The team then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium. For those two years, they were known as the ""Tennessee Oilers"", but changed their name to ""Tennessee Titans"" for the 1999 season. The team currently plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum. The Titans' training facility is at Saint Thomas Sports Park, a site at the MetroCenter complex in Nashville. The team has appeared once in the Super Bowl (XXXIV), the same year they changed their name to ""Titans"", and in which they lost to the St. Louis

Microsoft
board of directors made up of mostly company outsiders, as is customary for publicly traded companies. Members of the board of directors as of January 2018 are Bill Gates, Satya Nadella, Reid Hoffman, Lee Johnson, Teri L. List-Stoll, Charles Noski, Helmut Panke, Sandi Peterson, Penny Pritzker, Charles W. Scharf, Arne Sorenson, John W. Stanton, John W. Thompson and Padmasree Warrior. Board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting using a majority vote system. There are five committees within the board which oversee more specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the

"History of Microsoft"
access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income. In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the business into four new business divisions by function: Operating System, Apps, Cloud, and Devices. All previous divisions were diluted into new divisions without any workforce cuts. On February 4, 2014, Steve Ballmer stepped down as CEO of Microsoft and was succeeded by Satya Nadella, who previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division. On the same day, John W. Thompson took on the role of chairman,

initiatives such as the Federal Desktop Core Configuration (FDCC), a U.S. Government mandate designed to provide a single, standard, enterprise-wide, managed environment for desktops and laptops running Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista. Curt Kolcun Curt Kolcun (born June 26, 1961) was the Microsoft vice president for U.S. Public Sector since July 2008 until September 2017. He was responsible for all of Microsoft’s business in federal government, state and local government, and education markets, including students, K-12 and higher education. A veteran of Microsoft since 1989, Kolcun has been the Vice President Microsoft’s Federal government business since 2003, and has

"Bill Gates"
Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, author, philanthropist, humanitarian, and principal founder of Microsoft Corporation. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen launched Microsoft, which became the world's largest PC software company. Gates led the company as chief executive officer until stepping down in January 2000, but he remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself. In June 2006, Gates

Microsoft
of their emails and shopping results which favor Google products. Tech publications like TechCrunch have been highly critical of the ad campaign, while Google employees have embraced it. In July 2014, Microsoft announced plans to lay off 18,000 employees. Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft lay off ever. This included 12,500 professional and factory personnel. Previously, Microsoft has laid off 5,800 jobs in 2009 in line with US financial crisis. In September 2014, Microsoft laid off 2,100 people, including 747 people in the

"Steven Sinofsky"
Steven Sinofsky Steven Jay Sinofsky (born 1965) is a former President of the Windows Division at Microsoft from July 2009 until his departure on November 13, 2012. He was responsible for the development and marketing of Windows, Internet Explorer as well as online services such as Outlook.com and SkyDrive. Sinofsky is currently a board partner at Andreessen Horowitz, where he serves on boards of investments. Sinofsky was born into the family of Marsha and David Sinofsky. He received his bachelor's degree from Cornell University (Arts and Sciences, 1987) and a master's degree in computer science from the University of Massachusetts

"Peter Klein (CFO)"
Peter Klein (CFO) Peter Klein is an American businessman mostly known for holding the Chief Financial Officer position at Microsoft Corporation. In April 18, 2013, Microsoft announced Klein would be leaving the company at the end of Microsoft's current fiscal year. He started at Microsoft in 2002 as the CFO of Microsoft's Server & Tools Business Group. He then served as the corporate vice president and CFO of Microsoft's Business Division (MBD), overseeing the financial performance of the division which includes the Microsoft Office System, Unified Communications, Microsoft Business Solutions, among others. In 2009, he was appointed the company's CFO,

"John W. Thompson"
John W. Thompson John Wendell Thompson (born April 24, 1949) is the chairman of Microsoft. He is a former CEO at Virtual Instruments, a vice-president at IBM and the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Symantec. Thompson later became an independent director on the board of Microsoft, and on February 4, 2014, he was named the chairman of the board. He led the search for Microsoft's next CEO; as a result, Satya Nadella was selected. Born at Fort Dix, New Jersey, Thompson attended John F. Kennedy High School in Riviera Beach, Florida (now Suncoast Community High School). He received a

Suffrage
to the national legislature; naturalized citizens enjoy only voting rights. In Uruguay, naturalized citizens have the right of eligibility to the parliament after five years. In the United States, the President and Vice President must be natural-born citizens. All other governmental offices may be held by any citizen, although citizens may only run for Congress after an extended period of citizenship (seven years for the House of Representatives and nine for the Senate). In France, an 1872 law, rescinded only by a 1945 decree, prohibited all army personnel from voting. In Ireland, police (the Garda Síochána and, before 1925, the

senators votes to approve and therefore appoint a nominee. The head of the Executive Branch is the President. Although also named in this first clause, the Vice President is not constitutionally vested with any executive power. Nonetheless, the Constitution dictates that the President and Vice President are to be elected at the same time, for the same term, and by the same constituency. The framers' intent was to preserve the independence of the executive branch should the person who was Vice President succeed to the duties of the presidency. Under the U.S. Constitution the President and Vice President are chosen

Democracy
state and its democratic principles. Presidential Democracy is a system where the public elects the president through free and fair elections. The president serves as both the head of state and head of government controlling most of the executive powers. The president serves for a specific term and cannot exceed that amount of time. Elections typically have a fixed date and aren't easily changed. The president has direct control over the cabinet, specifically appointing the cabinet members. The president cannot be easily removed from office by the legislature, but he or she cannot remove members of the legislative branch any

"Electoral college"
electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1925. In France, the president was elected by the legislature from 1875 to 1954. The first presidential election of the Fifth Republic which elected Charles de Gaulle was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college. The electoral college was replaced after the 1962 referendum, with direct elections by popular vote, using a Two-round system since 1965. In Spain, during the Second Republic period (1931-1936/39) the President was elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament members and an equal number of democratically elected

"Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution"
Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the President and Vice President. It replaced the procedure provided in , by which the Electoral College originally functioned. The amendment was proposed by the Congress on December 9, 1803, and was ratified by the requisite three-fourths of state legislatures on June 15, 1804. The new rules took effect for the 1804 presidential election and have governed all subsequent presidential elections. Under the original rules of the Constitution, each member of the Electoral College cast two electoral votes,

of their state's legislature have the right to vote in elections for the House of Representatives. Section 3 addresses the Senate, establishing that the Senate consists of two senators from each state, with each senator serving a six-year term. Section 3 originally required that the state legislatures elect the members of the Senate, but the Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, provides for the direct election of senators. Section 3 lays out various other rules for the Senate, including a provision that establishes the Vice President of the United States as the president of the Senate. Section 4 of Article One

Republic
by the people, or is indirectly elected as done in the United States. In that country the president is officially elected by an electoral college, chosen by the States, all of which do so by direct election of the electors. The indirect election of the president through the electoral college conforms to the concept of republic as one with a system of indirect election. In the opinion of some, direct election confers legitimacy upon the president and gives the office much of its political power. However, this concept of legitimacy differs from that expressed in the United States Constitution which

"Suez Canal"
Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( """") is a sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869, it was officially opened on 17 November 1869. The canal offers watercraft a shorter journey between the North Atlantic and northern Indian Oceans via the Mediterranean and Red Seas by avoiding the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans, reducing the journey by approximately . It extends from the northern terminus of Port Said to the southern terminus of Port Tewfik at the city of

(40%). From north to south, they are: Port Said by-pass (entrances) , Ballah by-pass & anchorage, , Timsah by-pass , and the Deversoir by-pass (northern end of the Great Bitter Lake) . The bypasses were completed in 1980. Typically, it would take a ship 12 to 16 hours to transit the canal. The canal's 24-hour capacity was about 76 standard ships. In August 2014, Egypt chose a consortium that includes the Egyptian army and global engineering firm Dar Al-Handasah to develop an international industrial and logistics hub in the Suez Canal area, and began the construction of a new canal

Suez
Suez Suez ( '; Egyptian Arabic: ' ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 as of August 2018) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate. It has three harbours, Adabya, Ain Sukhna and Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities. Together they form a metropolitan area. Railway lines and highways connect the city with Cairo, Port Said, and Ismailia. Suez has a petrochemical plant, and its oil refineries have pipelines carrying the

"Gulf of Suez"
and Asia. The entrance of the gulf lies atop the mature Gemsa oil and gas field. The gulf occupies the northwestern arm of the Red Sea between Africa and the Sinai Peninsula. It is the third arm of the triple junction rift system, the second arm being the Gulf of Aqaba. The length of the gulf, from its mouth at the Strait of Gubal (alternate name: Strait of Jubal) to its head at the city of Suez, is , and it varies in width from . The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southern limit of the gulf as ""A line

Suez
p.186 Suez Suez ( '; Egyptian Arabic: ' ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 as of August 2018) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate. It has three harbours, Adabya, Ain Sukhna and Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities. Together they form a metropolitan area. Railway lines and highways connect the city with Cairo, Port Said, and Ismailia. Suez has a petrochemical plant, and its oil refineries have pipelines carrying

the minor sea level difference between each end is inconsequential for shipping. As the canal has no sea surge gates, the ports at the ends would be subject to the sudden impact of tsunamis from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea, according to a 2012 article in the ""Journal of Coastal Research"". There is one shipping lane with passing areas in Ballah-Bypass near El Qantara and in the Great Bitter Lake. On a typical day, three convoys transit the canal, two southbound and one northbound. The passage takes between 11 and 16 hours at a speed of around . The

ship's accessible way in any case."" The canal opened under French control on 17 November 1869. The opening was performed by Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt and Sudan, and at Ismail's invitation French Empress Eugenie in the Imperial yacht ""L'Aigle"" piloted by Napoléon Coste, upon whom the Khedive bestowed the Ottoman Order of the Medjidie. Although ""L'Aigle"" was officially the first vessel through the canal, HMS ""Newport"", captained by George Nares, passed through it first. On the night before the canal was due to open, Captain Nares navigated his vessel, in total darkness and without lights, through the mass of

Suez. Its length is , including its northern and southern access channels. In 2012, 17,225 vessels traversed the canal (average 47 per day). The original canal was a single-lane waterway with passing locations in the Ballah Bypass and the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks system, with seawater flowing freely through it. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. South of the lakes, the current changes with the tide at Suez. The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt. Under the Convention of

Sinai produced the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO), stationed in Sinai in 1981 in coordination with a phased Israeli withdrawal. It is there under agreements between the United States, Israel, Egypt, and other nations. In the summer of 2014, months after taking office as President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ordered the expansion of the Ballah Bypass from wide to wide for . The project was called the New Suez Canal, as it would allow ships to transit the canal in both directions simultaneously. The project cost more than $8 billion and was completed within one year. Sisi declared the

century BCE during the time of Ramesses II. Remnants of an ancient west–east canal through the ancient Egyptian cities of Bubastis, Pi-Ramesses, and Pithom were discovered by Napoleon Bonaparte and his engineers and cartographers in 1799. According to the ""Histories"" of the Greek historian Herodotus, about 600 BCE, Necho II undertook to dig a west–east canal through the Wadi Tumilat between Bubastis and Heroopolis, and perhaps continued it to the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea. Regardless, Necho is reported as having never completed his project. Herodotus was told that 120,000 men perished in this undertaking, but this figure is

"Miramar, Goa"
Miramar, Goa Miramar is the beach area of the Goan capital of Panjim, also known as Panaji and is one of the most visited beaches of Goa. It is one of the two only beaches in Panjim, other being Caranzalem beach. Many people, mostly tourists, come to this beach every day. Originally named Porta de Gaspar Dias by the Portuguese, the name was then changed to Miramar. Situated at the confluence of the Mandovi River and the Arabian Sea, it is a small beach that occasionally hosts some events. There are several educational institutions in the surrounding vicinity, including Dhempe

"Baga, Goa"
Baga, Goa Baga a seaside town in Bardez, Goa, India. It comes under the jurisdiction of Calangute, which is 2 km south. Baga is known for its popular beach and Baga Creek. It is visited by thousands of tourists annually. Baga Beach is a popular beach and tourist destination in North Goa. Baga is located at the north end of the contiguous beach stretch that starts from Sinquerim, Candolim, leads to Calangute and then to Baga. The beach contains rows of shacks and fishing boats, and at high tide the beach is narrow. The beach is named after the Baga

"Betul, Goa"
Betul, Goa Betul is a coastal town located in South Goa District, Goa, India. It is one hour distance from Margao. It is known for its beach. The Sal river drains into the Arabian sea near Betul. The place is also home to the Betul Fort. The Archaeological sites of South Goa are at present in deplorable conditions, lying unprotected and vulnerable to threats. The Betul Fort lie in ruins waiting for attention and sympathy. The Betul Fort, which was built on the orders of Shivaji Maharaj in 1679 (1676?) on the mouth of River Sal at Betul, still remains

Calangute
top-tier league, the Goa Professional League. Calangute Calangute () is a town in North Goa, famous for its beach. The beach is the largest in North Goa and visited by thousands of domestic and international tourists alike. The peak tourist season is during Christmas and New Year, and during the summer in May. During the monsoon season, from June through September, the sea can be rough and swimming is prohibited. The beach offers water sport activities like parasailing and water skiing, among others. , Calangute had a population of 13,810. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Calangute

College of Arts and Science, Padmashree Vasantrao Dempo Higher Secondary School of Arts and Science and Sharada Mandir High School. Clube Gaspar de Dias and a popular café are nearby. Miramar, Goa Miramar is the beach area of the Goan capital of Panjim, also known as Panaji and is one of the most visited beaches of Goa. It is one of the two only beaches in Panjim, other being Caranzalem beach. Many people, mostly tourists, come to this beach every day. Originally named Porta de Gaspar Dias by the Portuguese, the name was then changed to Miramar. Situated at the

"Palolem Beach"
Palolem Beach Palolem Beach is situated in Canacona in southern Goa, India. The beach attracts many international tourists, mainly during the winter season between November and March. It is considered to be one of the region's most beautiful beaches. Palolem Beach is largely unspoiled and is inhabited by both local fishermen and by foreign tourists who live in shacks along the shore or in the main village itself. It is about one mile (approximately 1.61 km) long and is crescent-shaped; one can view the entire beach from either end. Both ends of the beach consist of rocks jutting out into

Margao
Margao Margao or Margão () or is the second largest city by population, and the commercial and cultural capital of the Indian state of Goa. It is the administrative headquarters of Salcete sub-district and South Goa district. ""Margão"" is the Portuguese spelling with ""Madgao"" being used in Konkani. It was called ""Madgaon"" in Marathi. It is derived from the Sanskrit ""Maṭhagrām"" which means a village growing towards the east. In ""Ravanphond"", now a suburb of Margao, there are shrines of Matsyendranath and Gorakhnath. The abode of Nath medicants was called a ""Matha"" (Monastery). ""Madagao"" was called ""Mathagrama"" on account of

"Gahirmatha Beach"
Gahirmatha Beach Gahirmatha Beach is a beach in the Indian state of Odisha. The beach separates the Bhitarkanika mangroves from the Bay of Bengal and is the world's most important nesting beach for Olive Ridley Sea Turtles. The beach is part of Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, which also includes the adjacent portion of the Bay of Bengal. Odisha coast has the world's largest known rookery of Olive Ridley sea turtle. Apart from Gahirmatha rookery, two other masses are there where nesting beaches have been located which are at the mouth of rivers Rushikulya and Devi. The spectacular site of the

"Gopnath Beach"
Gopnath Beach Gopnath Beach is a beach situated in the Talaja Taluka of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state of India. It is located on the coast of the Gulf of Kambhat, at a distance of 75 km from the city of Bhavnagar. and 22 km. away from Talaja. Gopnath Mahadev Temple is located here close to beach. The temple is big and well maintained. Nearly 700 years old, the Gopnath Mahadev Temple is the temple which hoists two flags, where the first flag which is of white color banderole indicating the aristocrat Vishnu Temple while the saffron black banderole symbolizes

Calangute
Calangute Calangute () is a town in North Goa, famous for its beach. The beach is the largest in North Goa and visited by thousands of domestic and international tourists alike. The peak tourist season is during Christmas and New Year, and during the summer in May. During the monsoon season, from June through September, the sea can be rough and swimming is prohibited. The beach offers water sport activities like parasailing and water skiing, among others. , Calangute had a population of 13,810. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Calangute had an average literacy rate of

"Little Lord Fauntleroy (TV series)"
film adaptation of ""Little Lord Fauntleroy"" starred former child actor Tom Taus Jr. as the eponymous character. The story concerns an American boy named Cedric Errol (more fondly known as Cedie), who at an early age finds that he is the sole heir to a British earldom and leaves New York City to take up residence in his ancestral castle. After some initial resistance, he is joined by his middle-class mother, widow of heir James Errol. His grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, intends to teach the boy to become an aristocrat, but Cedie inadvertently teaches his grandfather compassion and social

"Little Lord Fauntleroy"
Meanwhile, back in New York, a homeless bootblack named Dick Tipton tells Cedric's old friend Mr. Hobbs, a New York City grocer, that a few years prior, after the death of his parents, Dick's older brother Benjamin married an awful woman who got rid of their only child together after he was born and then left. Benjamin moved to California to open a cattle ranch while Dick ended up in the streets. At the same time, a neglected pretender to Cedric's inheritance appears in England, the pretender's mother claiming that he is the offspring of the Earl's eldest son, Bevis.

Errol lives with his mother (known only as Mrs. Errol or ""Dearest"") in genteel poverty after the death of his father, Captain Cedric Errol. One day, they are visited by an English lawyer named Havisham with a message from young Cedric's grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, an unruly millionaire who despises the United States and was very disappointed when his youngest son married an American woman. With the deaths of his father's elder brothers, Cedric has now inherited the title Lord Fauntleroy and is the heir to the earldom and a vast estate. Cedric's grandfather wants him to live in

Cedric
officer Cedric Holland (1889–1950), American war pilot Cedric Fauntleroy (1891–1973), Irish art director Austin Cedric Gibbons (1893–1960) and British actor Cedric Hardwicke (1893–1964). Cedric Cedric () is a masculine given name invented by Walter Scott in the 1819 novel ""Ivanhoe"". The invented name is based on ""Cerdic"", the name of a 6th-century Anglo-Saxon king (itself from Brittonic ""Coroticus""). The name was not popularly used until the children's book ""Little Lord Fauntleroy"" by Frances Hodgson Burnett was published in 1885 to 1886, the protagonist of which is called Cedric Errol. The book was highly successful, causing a fashion trend in children's

England and be educated as an English aristocrat. He offers his son's widow a house and guaranteed income, but he refuses to have anything to do with her, even after she declines his money. However, the Earl is impressed by the appearance and intelligence of his American grandson and is charmed by his innocent nature. Cedric believes his grandfather to be an honorable man and benefactor, and the Earl cannot disappoint him. The Earl therefore becomes a benefactor to his tenants, to their delight, though he takes care to let them know that their benefactor is the child, Lord Fauntleroy.

"Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980 film)"
Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980 film) Little Lord Fauntleroy is a 1980 British family film directed by Jack Gold and starring Alec Guinness, Rick Schroder and Eric Porter. It is based on the children's novel of the same name. Young Cedric 'Ceddie' Errol and his widowed mother live in genteel poverty in 1870s Brooklyn after the death of his father. He was the favorite son of Cedric's grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, because the other two were wastrels and weaklings. But the Earl has long ago disowned his son for marrying outside the aristocracy. Cedric's two best friends were Mr. Hobbs

"Phineas and Ferb"
adventures of stepbrothers Phineas Flynn (Vincent Martella) and Ferb Fletcher (Thomas Sangster), who live in the fictional city of Danville, in a (never specified) Tri-State area, as they seek ways to occupy their time during their summer vacation. Often these adventures involve elaborate, life-sized and ostensibly dangerous construction projects. Phineas's older sister, Candace Flynn (Ashley Tisdale), has two obsessions: ""busting"" Phineas and Ferb's schemes and ideas, and winning the attention of a boy named Jeremy (Mitchel Musso). Meanwhile, the boys' pet platypus, Perry, acts as a secret agent for an all-animal government organization called the O.W.C.A. (""Organization Without a Cool

"Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)"
Picture Department. Young Cedric ""Ceddie"" Errol (Freddie Bartholomew) and his widowed mother, whom he calls ""Dearest"" (Dolores Costello), live frugally in 1880s Brooklyn after the death of his father. Cedric's prejudiced English grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt (C. Aubrey Smith), had long ago disowned his son for marrying an American. The earl sends his lawyer Havisham (Henry Stephenson) to bring Ceddie to England. As the earl's sons are all dead, Ceddie is the heir to the title. Mrs. Errol accompanies her son to England, but is not allowed to live at Dorincourt castle. For Cedric's happiness, she does not tell

"Perry the Platypus"
DS. Perry is the docile pet platypus of the blended Flynn-Fletcher family, who adopted him because his unfocused gaze made it seem as if he were looking at both Phineas and Ferb at the same time, as shown in the 2011 movie, """". Unbeknownst to them, Perry lives a double life as a crime-fighting spy working for the ""Organization Without a Cool Acronym""/The OWCA, going by the codename ""Agent P."" He reports to his superior, Major Monogram, via telecast in his large, high-tech, underground hideout. Every day, he engages in battles with the evil scientist Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz, who tries

Phineas' mother, Linda Flynn-Fletcher, and less frequently to Ferb's father, Lawrence Fletcher. The series follows a standard plot system; running gags occur every episode, and the b-plot almost always features Phineas and Ferb's pet platypus Perry the Platypus working as a spy (named ""Agent P"") for OWCA (the Organization Without a Cool Acronym), to defeat the latest scheme of Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz, a mad scientist driven largely by a need to assert his evilness (although he is not especially evil and has a good heart in some situations.) The two plots intersect at the end to erase all traces of

Romanticism
Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature—all components of modernity. It

the French Revolution (1789–1799) followed by the Napoleonic Wars until 1815. These wars, along with the political and social turmoil that went along with them, served as the background for Romanticism. The key generation of French Romantics born between 1795–1805 had, in the words of one of their number, Alfred de Vigny, been ""conceived between battles, attended school to the rolling of drums"". According to Jacques Barzun, there were three generations of Romantic artists. The first emerged in the 1790s and 1800s, the second in the 1820s, and the third later in the century. The more precise characterization and specific

dramatist, with a series of successes beginning with ""Henri III et sa cour"" (1829) before turning to novels that were mostly historical adventures somewhat in the manner of Scott, most famously ""The Three Musketeers"" and ""The Count of Monte Cristo"", both of 1844. Victor Hugo published as a poet in the 1820s before achieving success on the stage with ""Hernani""—a historical drama in a quasi-Shakespearian style that had famously riotous performances on its first run in 1830. Like Dumas, Hugo is best known for his novels, and was already writing ""The Hunchback of Notre-Dame"" (1831), one of the best known

focuses his interpretation on Slavic pagan and occult elements found in the drama. In his book ""Mickiewicz hermetyczny"" he writes about hermetic, theosophic and alchemical philosophy on the book as well as Masonic symbols. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanticism&action=submit Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the

or five years ago"". It is only from the 1820s that Romanticism certainly knew itself by its name, and in 1824 the Académie française took the wholly ineffective step of issuing a decree condemning it in literature. The period typically called Romantic varies greatly between different countries and different artistic media or areas of thought. Margaret Drabble described it in literature as taking place ""roughly between 1770 and 1848"", and few dates much earlier than 1770 will be found. In English literature, M. H. Abrams placed it between 1789, or 1798, this latter a very typical view, and about 1830,

Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the much older William Blake, followed later by the isolated figure of John Clare; also such novelists as Walter Scott from Scotland and Mary Shelley, and the essayists William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb. The publication in 1798 of ""Lyrical Ballads"", with many of the finest poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, is often held to mark the start of the movement. The majority of the poems were by Wordsworth, and many dealt with the lives of the poor in his native Lake District, or his feelings about nature—which he more fully developed in his long poem ""The

(1798–1863) made his first Salon hits with ""The Barque of Dante"" (1822), ""The Massacre at Chios"" (1824) and ""Death of Sardanapalus"" (1827). The second was a scene from the Greek War of Independence, completed the year Byron died there, and the last was a scene from one of Byron's plays. With Shakespeare, Byron was to provide the subject matter for many other works of Delacroix, who also spent long periods in North Africa, painting colourful scenes of mounted Arab warriors. His ""Liberty Leading the People"" (1830) remains, with the ""Medusa"", one of the best-known works of French Romantic painting. Both

saying: ""Either Girodet is mad or I no longer know anything of the art of painting"". A new generation of the French school, developed personal Romantic styles, though still concentrating on history painting with a political message. Théodore Géricault (1791–1824) had his first success with ""The Charging Chasseur"", a heroic military figure derived from Rubens, at the Paris Salon of 1812 in the years of the Empire, but his next major completed work, ""The Raft of the Medusa"" of 1821, remains the greatest achievement of the Romantic history painting, which in its day had a powerful anti-government message. Eugène Delacroix

a term with no equivalent for other countries, though the same trends occurred there. Delacroix, Ingres and Richard Parkes Bonington all worked in this style, as did lesser specialists such as Pierre-Henri Révoil (1776–1842) and Fleury-François Richard (1777–1852). Their pictures are often small, and feature intimate private and anecdotal moments, as well as those of high drama. The lives of great artists such as Raphael were commemorated on equal terms with those of rulers, and fictional characters were also depicted. Fleury-Richard's ""Valentine of Milan weeping for the death of her husband"", shown in the Paris Salon of 1802, marked the

been more of an inspiration to foreign writers than those experiencing it at first-hand. The first major figure was François-René de Chateaubriand, a minor aristocrat who had remained a royalist throughout the Revolution, and returned to France from exile in England and America under Napoleon, with whose regime he had an uneasy relationship. His writings, all in prose, included some fiction, such as his influential novella of exile ""René"" (1802), which anticipated Byron in its alienated hero, but mostly contemporary history and politics, his travels, a defence of religion and the medieval spirit (""Génie du christianisme"" 1802), and finally in

"L'ultimo giorno di Pompei"
scenographer, Antonio Niccolini. Although the setting and the English translation of its title are similar to that of Bulwer-Lytton's novel ""The Last Days of Pompeii"", the opera predates the novel by almost 10 years and has a completely different plot. The opera premiered to great success on 19 November 1825. Nicolini's production was an expensive extravaganza involving numerous changes of sets, complex lighting, and the use of real explosives. The spectacular climax depicting the fiery eruption of Mount Vesuvius was accompanied by a simulated earthquake and lightning as nine gauze curtains painted with clouds of ash and fire were raised

Lotario
Lotario Lotario (""Lothair"", HWV 26) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Antonio Salvi's ""Adelaide"".The opera was first given at the King's Theatre in London on 2 December 1729. The story of the opera is a fictionalisation of some events in the life of Holy Roman Empress Adelaide of Italy. Paolo Rolli commented in a letter at the time to Giuseppe Riva that ""everyone thinks (""Lotario"") a very bad opera"". There were 10 performances, but it was not repeated. Handel reused pieces in later operas. As with all Baroque opera

"Giustino (Handel)"
Giustino (Handel) Giustino (""Justin"", HWV 37) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The opera was first given at the Covent Garden Theatre in London on 16 February 1737.The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Charles VI's court poet Pietro Pariati's libretto for ""Giustino"" (1711), after the much older original libretto of Nicolò Beregan (1682). The libretto had already been adapted by many composers including Vivaldi's ""Giustino"" of 1724 and Tomaso Albinoni's lost opera of 1711. By the 1736 - 37 season in London, the German-born Handel was presenting both operas he had composed in Italian, as

"Il corsaro"
Il corsaro Il corsaro (""The Corsair"") is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, from a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on Lord Byron's poem ""The Corsair"". The first performance was given at the Teatro Grande in Trieste on 25 October 1848. The composer expressed interest in Byron's poem ""The Corsair"" (along with ""The Two Foscari"" and others) as early as 1844 when he was planning an opera for Venice, but a suitable baritone was not available. In 1845, (before it was determined that ""I masnadieri"" was to be the opera presented in London), the composer had contracted

"Giacomo Puccini"
bohème"", a four-act opera based on the 1851 book by Henri Murger, ""La Vie de Bohème"". ""La bohème"" premiered in Turin in 1896, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Within a few years, it had been performed throughout many of the leading opera houses of Europe, including Britain, as well as in the United States. It was a popular success, and remains one of the most frequently performed operas ever written. The libretto of the opera, freely adapted from Murger's episodic novel, combines comic elements of the impoverished life of the young protagonists with the tragic aspects, such as the death of

Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called ""the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi"". Puccini's early work was rooted in traditional late-19th-century romantic Italian opera. Later, he successfully developed his work in the realistic ""verismo"" style, of which he became one of the leading exponents. Puccini's most renowned works are ""La bohème"" (1896), ""Tosca"" (1900), ""Madama Butterfly"" (1904), and ""Turandot"" (1924), all of which are among the important operas played as standards. Puccini was born Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria

"Emilia di Liverpool"
Emilia di Liverpool Emilia di Liverpool (""Emilia of Liverpool""; also given as ""L'eremitaggio di Liverpool"") is a ""dramma semiserio"", (""half-serious"") dramatic opera, in two acts with music by Gaetano Donizetti. Giuseppe Checcherini wrote the Italian libretto after the anonymous libretto for Vittorio Trento's ""Emilia di Laverpaut"", itself based on Stefano Scatizzi's play of the same name. It premiered on 28 July 1824 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples. The libretto had a complex history. The original story by Scatizzi formed the basis of the first, anonymous libretto of 1824, which had the title of ""Emilia di Liverpool"". This first libretto

"La sonnambula"
which designates a contralto who is capable—by sheer industry or natural talent—of extending her upper range and being able to encompass the coloratura soprano tessitura. The opera's premiere performance took place on 6 March 1831, a little later than the original date. Its success was partly due to the differences between Romani's earlier libretti and this one, as well as ""the accumulation of operatic experience which both [Bellini] and Romani had brought to its creation."" Press reactions were universally positive, as was that of the Russian composer, Mikhail Glinka, who attended and wrote overwhelmingly enthusiastically: After its premiere, the opera

"Rodelinda (opera)"
Rodelinda (opera) Rodelinda, regina de' Longobardi (HWV 19) is an opera seria in three acts composed for the first Royal Academy of Music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto is by Nicola Francesco Haym, based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi. ""Rodelinda"" has long been regarded as one of Handel's greatest works. ""Rodelinda"" was first performed at the King’s Theatre in the Haymarket, London, on 13 February 1725. It was produced with the same singers as ""Tamerlano"". There were 14 performances; it was repeated on 18 December 1725, and again on 4 May 1731, a further 16 performances in

"Great Slave Lake"
Great Slave Lake The Great Slave Lake () is the second-largest lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada (after Great Bear Lake), the deepest lake in North America at , and the tenth-largest lake in the world. It is long and wide. It covers an area of in the southern part of the territory. Its given volume ranges from to and up to making it the 10th or 12th largest. The lake shares its name with the First Nations peoples called Slavey (Dene) by their enemies the Cree. Towns situated on the lake include Yellowknife, Hay River, Behchokǫ̀, Fort Resolution,

"What Child Is This?"
What Child Is This? ""What Child Is This?"" is a Christmas carol whose lyrics were written by William Chatterton Dix, in 1865. At the time of composing the carol, Dix worked as an insurance company manager and had been struck by a severe illness. While recovering, he underwent a spiritual renewal that led him to write several hymns, including lyrics to this carol that was subsequently set to the tune of ""Greensleeves"", a traditional English folk song. Although it was written in Great Britain, the carol is more popular in the United States than in its country of origin today.

The lyrics of the carol are taken from a poem written by Dix called ""The Manger Throne"". The part of the poem that was utilized as the song's lyrics consists of three stanzas in total. The first verse poses a rhetorical question in the first half, with the response coming in the second half. The second verse contains another question that is answered, while the final verse is a universal appeal to everyone urging them ""to accept Christ"". The carol's melody has been described as ""soulful"", ""haunting and beautiful"" in nature. The context of the carol centres around the Adoration

of the Shepherds, who visited Jesus during his Nativity. The questions posed in the lyrics reflect what the shepherds were possibly pondering to themselves when they encountered him, with the rest of the carol providing a response to their questions. At the time he was writing the lyrics to ""What Child Is This?"" in 1865, William Chatterton Dix was working as the manager of an insurance company. He was afflicted by an unexpected and severe illness that resulted in him being bedridden and suffering from severe depression. His near-death experience brought about a spiritual renewal in him while he was

years later in 1871, when it featured in ""Christmas Carols Old and New"", a ""prestigious"" and ""influential"" collection of carols that was published in the United Kingdom. The hymnal was edited by Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer; even though it is not known with certainty who paired the three stanzas from ""The Manger Throne"" with the music from ""Greensleeves"", the third edition of ""The Christmas Encyclopedia"" by William D. Crump and ""Stories of the Great Christmas Carols"" both suggest that Stainer – who was also responsible for ""harmoniz[ing] the musical setting"" – may have done so. What Child Is

"Society's Child"
1960s was burned to the ground for playing it and a writer at the ""Boston Herald"" was fired for writing about it. Society's Child ""Society's Child"", or ""Baby I've Been Thinking"", was a song written, composed, and recorded in 1965 by Janis Ian. Its lyrics were centered on the then-taboo subject of interracial romance. Ian was 13 years of age when she was motivated to write and compose the song, and she completed it when she was 14. The lyrics of the song center on the feelings of a young girl who witnesses the humiliation that her African American boyfriend

"Who Are These Children?"
Who Are These Children? Who Are These Children? is a song cycle for tenor and piano composed in 1969 by Benjamin Britten (191376), and published as his Op. 84. It consists of settings of twelve poems by the Scottish poet William Soutar (18981943). It was written to mark the 700th National Galleries of Scotland Concert. It was dedicated to Tertia Liebenthal, honorary organiser of the Edinburgh lunch-hour concerts. The first performance was at Edinburgh on 4 May 1971 by Peter Pears (tenor) and the composer (piano); she had by then died, and it was given in her memory. A performance

recovering. During this time, he read the Bible comprehensively and was inspired to author hymns like ""Alleluia! Sing to Jesus!"" and ""As with Gladness Men of Old"". The precise time in 1865 when he wrote the poem ""The Manger Throne"" is disputed. While the ""St. Petersburg Times"" details how Dix penned the work after reading the Gospel for Epiphany that year (Matthew 2:1–12) recounting the journey of the Biblical Magi; ""Singer's Library of Song: Medium Voice"" contends that it was actually authored during the Christmas of 1865. Although written in 1865, ""What Child Is This?"" was only first published six

Society's Child ""Society's Child"", or ""Baby I've Been Thinking"", was a song written, composed, and recorded in 1965 by Janis Ian. Its lyrics were centered on the then-taboo subject of interracial romance. Ian was 13 years of age when she was motivated to write and compose the song, and she completed it when she was 14. The lyrics of the song center on the feelings of a young girl who witnesses the humiliation that her African American boyfriend receives from the girl's mother and the taunts that she herself endures from classmates and teachers. It closes with her decision to

"This Boy"
This Boy ""This Boy"" is a song by English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney). It was released in November 1963 as the B-side of the British Parlophone single ""I Want to Hold Your Hand"". It also appears as the third track on side one of the 1964 U.S album ""Meet the Beatles!"". The Beatles performed it live on 16 February 1964 for their second appearance on ""The Ed Sullivan Show"". ""This Boy"" was remastered for compact disc by George Martin and released in 1988 on the ""Past Masters, Volume One"" compilation. On 9 September

Mary's Boy Child ""Mary's Boy Child"" is a 1956 Christmas song, written by Jester Hairston. It is widely performed as a Christmas carol. The song had its genesis when Hairston was sharing a room with a friend. The friend asked him to write a song for a birthday party. Hairston wrote the song with a calypso rhythm because the people at the party would be mainly West Indians. The song's original title was ""He Pone and Chocolate Tea"", pone being a type of corn bread. It was never recorded in this form. Some time later Walter Schumann, at the time

"Gothic art"
part of the Northern Renaissance, as there was a long delay before the Italian revival of interest in classicism had a great impact in the north. Painters like Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck, made use of the technique of oil painting to create minutely detailed works, correct in perspective, where apparent realism was combined with richly complex symbolism arising precisely from the realistic detail they could now include, even in small works. In Early Netherlandish painting, from the richest cities of Northern Europe, a new minute realism in oil painting was combined with subtle and complex theological allusions, expressed

precisely through the highly detailed settings of religious scenes. The Mérode Altarpiece (1420s) of Robert Campin, and the Washington Van Eyck Annunciation or Madonna of Chancellor Rolin (both 1430s, by Jan van Eyck) are examples. For the wealthy, small panel paintings, even polyptychs in oil painting were becoming increasingly popular, often showing donor portraits alongside, though often much smaller than, the Virgin or saints depicted. These were usually displayed in the home. The Gothic period is essentially defined by Gothic architecture, and does not entirely fit with the development of style in sculpture in either its start or finish. The

often known as books of hours due to their use at prescribed times of the day. The earliest known example seems to have written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240. Nobility frequently purchased such texts, paying handsomely for decorative illustrations; among the most well-known creators of these is Jean Pucelle, whose Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux was commissioned by King Charles IV as a gift for his queen, Jeanne d'Évreux. Elements of the French Gothic present in such works include the use of decorative page framing reminiscent of the architecture of the time

Sluter and his followers in Burgundy and Flanders around 1400. Late Gothic sculpture continued in the North, with a fashion for very large wooden sculpted altarpieces with increasingly virtuoso carving and large numbers agitated expressive figures; most surviving examples are in Germany, after much iconoclasm elsewhere. Tilman Riemenschneider, Veit Stoss and others continued the style well into the 16th century, gradually absorbing Italian Renaissance influences. Life-size tomb effigies in stone or alabaster became popular for the wealthy, and grand multi-level tombs evolved, with the Scaliger Tombs of Verona so large they had to be moved outside the church. By the

types, through the Coronation of the Virgin, to more human and intimate types, and cycles of the ""Life of the Virgin"" were very popular. Artists like Giotto, Fra Angelico and Pietro Lorenzetti in Italy, and Early Netherlandish painting, brought realism and a more natural humanity to art. Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative iconography, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists. Iconography was affected by changes in theology, with depictions of the Assumption of Mary gaining ground on the older Death of the Virgin, and in devotional

the growth of cities, trade guilds were formed and artists were often required to be members of a painters' guild—as a result, because of better record keeping, more artists are known to us by name in this period than any previous; some artists were even so bold as to sign their names. Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in the early 12th century at the Abbey Church of St Denis built by Abbot Suger. The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of

forest dwellers formed by bending trees together – a myth which would resurface much later in a more positive sense in the writings of the German Romantic movement. ""Gothic art"" was strongly criticized by French authors such as Boileau, La Bruyère, Rousseau, before becoming a recognized form of art, and the wording becoming fixed. Molière would famously comment on Gothic: <poem> The besotted taste of Gothic monuments, These odious monsters of ignorant centuries, Which the torrents of barbary spewed forth. </poem> In its beginning, Gothic art was initially called ""French work"" (""Opus Francigenum""), thus attesting the priority of France in

held dear. In the 15th century, various Italian architects and writers complained that the new 'barbarian' styles filtering down from north of the Alps posed a similar threat to the classical revival promoted by the early Renaissance. The ""Gothic"" qualifier for this art was first used in Raphael's letter to Pope Leo X c. 1518 and was subsequently popularised by the Italian artist and writer Giorgio Vasari, who used it as early as 1530, calling Gothic art a ""monstrous and barbarous"" ""disorder"". Raphael claimed that the pointed arches of northern architecture were an echo of the primitive huts the Germanic

"Gothic architecture"
a variety of fabulous and frightening grotesques or monsters. These included the chimera, a mythical hybrid creature which usually had the body of a lion and the head of a goat, and the Strix or stryge, a creature resembling an owl or bat, which was said to eat human flesh. The ""strix"" appeared in classical Roman literature; it was described by the Roman poet Ovid, who was widely read in the Middle Ages, as a large-headed bird with transfixed eyes, rapacious beak, and greyish white wings. They were part of the visual message for the illiterate worshipers, symbols of the

practices such as the Devotio Moderna, which produced new treatments of Christ in subjects such as the Man of Sorrows, Pensive Christ and Pietà, which emphasized his human suffering and vulnerability, in a parallel movement to that in depictions of the Virgin. Even in ""Last Judgements"" Christ was now usually shown exposing his chest to show the wounds of his Passion. Saints were shown more frequently, and altarpieces showed saints relevant to the particular church or donor in attendance on a Crucifixion or enthroned Virgin and Child, or occupying the central space themselves (this usually for works designed for side-chapels).

"Nuclear power in Canada"
A units needed refurbishment as after 25 years effective full power years of operation, the embrittled fuel channels face an increased risk of rupture and must be replaced. The first reactor to close was Bruce A unit 2 in November 1995 because of a maintenance accident. After criticism of Ontario Hydro plants management and a series of incidents, on December 31, 1997, the four A reactors at Pickering and unit 1 at Bruce A were abruptly shut down. They were followed by the remaining two Bruce A units three months later. Over 5 GW of Ontario's electric capacity was abruptly

Enwave
Toronto and the provincial government. It was renamed as the Toronto District Heating Corporation in 1980, at which time it acquired the steam utility that was also being operated by Toronto Hydro. As a consequence of the Common Sense Revolution brought about under Premier Mike Harris, the corporation was privatized in 1998, with shares going to the Province, the City of Toronto, the University of Toronto and the four founding hospitals. The corporation was renamed as Enwave in 1999. Over time, only two shareholders remained: the City with 43%, and the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System with 57%. On October

"Toronto streetcar system"
management within the TTC's Radial Department. The last TTC-operated radial (North Yonge Railways) closed in 1948. After the Second World War, many cities across North America and Europe began to eliminate their streetcar systems in favour of buses. During the 1950s, the TTC continued to invest in streetcars and the TTC took advantage of other cities' streetcar removals by purchasing extra PCC cars from Cleveland, Birmingham, Kansas City, and Cincinnati. In 1966, the TTC announced plans to eliminate all streetcar routes by 1980. Streetcars were considered out of date, and their elimination in almost all other cities made it hard

"Ontario Hydro"
Power"", with different scenarios attempting to solve the need for additional facilities to replace aging electricity generation stations. This was derailed when electricity growth rates declined due to the recession of the early 1990s. In 1998, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario passed the ""Energy Competition Act, 1998"", which: Ontario Hydro ceased operations on March 31, 1999. Its assets and functions were transferred by provincial statute to two commercial successor corporations, Ontario Power Generation Inc. and Ontario Hydro Services Company Inc., as well as to two not-for-profit agencies, the Independent Electricity Market Operator and the Electrical Safety Authority. On March 31,

"Ontario Malleable Iron Company"
work. Further strikes followed in November 1945 and July 1966. The final lockout occurring in 1976 which lead to the plant's closure in 1977. Local Oshawa residents were keenly aware of the pollution emitted from the foundry industry that included companies like ""Ontario Malleable"" and ""Fittings, Limited"". In 1949, a transportation company by the name of ""Russell Transport"" assumed the site next to ""Ontario Malleable"". Russell Transport had a practice of parking the vehicles they transported for General Motors, in their lot over night or for short periods of time. In 1951, damage to the body panels of the new

"Ontario Power Generation"
coal generation by 2007. However, for various operational and demand reasons this was not possible until 2014, when the last coal was burned in OPG's stations. The company also endured significant criticism concerning the slow return to operation of some of its nuclear generating stations which had been shut down by the 2003 North America blackout. The problem was that all but one of the reactors were tripped and allowed to poison out, preventing an early reconnection to the electricity grid. Once shut down, all nuclear reactors take several days to return to service. Another source of criticism was the

"Aluminum building wiring"
the preferred material today. In North American residential construction, aluminum wire was used for wiring entire houses for a short time from the 1960s to the mid-1970s during a period of high copper prices. Electrical devices (outlets, switches, lighting, fans, etc.) at the time were not designed with the particular properties of the aluminum wire being used in mind, and there were some issues related to the properties of the wire itself, making the installations with aluminum wire much more susceptible to problems. Revised manufacturing standards for both the wire and the devices were developed to reduce the problems. Existing

Ontario Hydro to take control of several Abitibi power developments. Certain dealings relating to the 1933 acquisition came to be known as the ""great Abitibi swindle,"" which resulted in the fall of the Henry government in the 1934 Ontario election, to be succeeded by that of Mitchell Hepburn. In 1939, the commission was given authority to regulate all other electricity generators, thus bringing all private utilities in the province under its supervision. It also received authority to acquire any utility that was not producing at its capacity. In 1948, HEPCO changed most of its system from 25 Hz to 60

"Toronto Power Generating Station"
shafts. The water from the turbines runs out through a brick lined tailrace which eventually comes out at the base of the falls. In its prime, it had a generating capacity of . The plant ceased operations on February 15, 1974 as Ontario Hydro looked to make better use of the available water downriver at the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations in Queenston. In addition, the plant produced ""25 Cycle"" electricity, now largely unused. The vacant plant was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1983, due to its importance in the development of business, industry and technology

"Toronto streetcar system rolling stock"
were introduced with a double door on one side of the conductor's position and a single, narrow door on other side. One of the doors had a gate so that it could be used as either an entry or exit. Originally, all but the class P small Witts had a fully enclosed operator cab. (This feature that would not be repeated in Toronto until the introduction of the Flexity Outlook in 2014.) Around 1940, the cab walls were removed. The first major retirement came in 1938 with the introduction of PCC streetcars. All 60 class N trailers and 30 of

"Nuclear power by country"
Nuclear power by country Nuclear power plants currently operate in 31 countries. Most are in Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power. In 2010, before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, it was reported that an average of about 10 nuclear reactors were expected to become operational per year, although according to the World Nuclear Association, of the 17 civilian reactors planned to become operational between 2007 and 2009, only five actually came on stream. Global nuclear electricity

energy usage with the majority of the rest coming from fossil fuel reliant sectors such as transport, manufacture and home heating, nuclear fission's contribution to the global final energy consumption was about 2.5%. This is a little more than the combined global electricity production from wind, solar, biomass and geothermal power, which together provided 2% of global final energy consumption in 2014. In addition, there were approximately 140 naval vessels using nuclear propulsion in operation, powered by about 180 reactors. Nuclear power's share of global electricity production has fallen from 16.5% in 1997 to about 10% in 2017, in large

banned the generation, but not consumption of, nuclear electricity in a June 2011 referendum. China, Switzerland, Israel, Malaysia, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the Philippines reviewed their nuclear power programs. In 2011 the International Energy Agency halved its prior estimate of new generating capacity to be built by 2035. Nuclear power generation had the biggest ever fall year-on-year in 2012, with nuclear power plants globally producing 2,346 TWh of electricity, a drop of 7% from 2011. This was caused primarily by the majority of Japanese reactors remaining offline that year and the permanent closure of eight reactors in Germany. The Fukushima

and is continually dropping at the decaying rate, from the initial high of 0.04 mSv per person averaged over the entire populace of the Northern Hemisphere in the year of the accident in 1986. While the majority of installed renewable energy across the world is currently in the form of hydro power and an approximate doubling of present world hydro capacity is considered possible in developing nations, in western nations by contrast, the economically feasible geography for new hydropower is lacking, with every geographically suitable area largely exploited. With the growing apparent negative externalities from the use of fossil fuels,

part because the economics of nuclear power have become more difficult. Regional differences in the use of nuclear power are large. The United States produces the most nuclear energy in the world, with nuclear power providing 19% of the electricity it consumes, while France produces the highest percentage of its electrical energy from nuclear reactors—80% as of 2006. In the European Union as a whole nuclear power provides 30% of the electricity. Nuclear power is the single largest low-carbon electricity source in the United States, and accounts for two-thirds of the European Union's low-carbon electricity. Nuclear energy policy differs among

construction, of those 18 reactors with 19 016 MWe in China. Nuclear power by country Nuclear power plants currently operate in 31 countries. Most are in Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power. In 2010, before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, it was reported that an average of about 10 nuclear reactors were expected to become operational per year, although according to the World Nuclear Association, of the 17 civilian reactors planned to become operational between 2007

electricity in 2017, equivalent to about 10% of global electricity generation. As of April 2018, there are 449 civilian fission reactors in the world, with a combined electrical capacity of 394 gigawatt (GW). Additionally, there are 58 reactors under construction and 154 reactors planned, with a combined capacity of 63 GW and 157 GW, respectively. Over 300 more reactors are proposed. Most of reactors under construction are of generation III reactor design, with the majority in Asia. There is a social debate about nuclear power. Proponents, such as the World Nuclear Association and Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy, contend that nuclear

"Nuclear power in the United States"
power plants, 39 percent in favor, versus 37 percent opposed, with an error margin of 3 percent. As of 2017, the US Energy Information Administration projects that US nuclear generating capacity will decline 23 percent from its 2016 level of 99.1 GW, to 76.5 GW in 2050, and the nuclear share of electrical generation to go from 20% in 2016 down to 11% in 2050. Driving the decline will be retirements of existing units, to be partially offset by additional units currently under construction and expected capacity expansions of existing reactors. In the 2000s there was a renewed interest in

flat electric grid growth and electricity liberalization also made the addition of large new baseload energy generators economically unattractive. The 1973 oil crisis had a significant effect on countries, such as France and Japan, which had relied more heavily on oil for electric generation (39% and 73% respectively) to invest in nuclear power. The french plan, known as the Messmer plan, was for the complete independence from oil, with an envisaged construction of 80 reactors by 1985 and 170 by 2000. France would construct 25 fission-electric stations, installing 56 mostly PWR design reactors over the next 15 years, though foregoing

world where radioactive material continues to accumulate. Some experts suggest that centralized underground repositories which are well-managed, guarded, and monitored, would be a vast improvement. There is an ""international consensus on the advisability of storing nuclear waste in deep geological repositories"", with the lack of movement of nuclear waste in the 2 billion year old natural nuclear fission reactors in Oklo, Gabon being cited as ""a source of essential information today."" There are no commercial scale purpose built underground high-level waste repositories in operation. However, in Finland the Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository is under construction as of 2015. The

"United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics"
President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden did not attend the 2014 Winter Olympics. American nordic combined skier Todd Lodwick was the flag bearer of Team USA for the Parade of Nations during the opening ceremony. Four-time ice hockey Olympian Julie Chu was the flag bearer during the closing ceremonies. The results may be amended due to the Russian doping scandal. The United States has qualified a total quota of twenty athletes in alpine skiing. The full list of the U.S. alpine skiing team was officially announced on January 27, 2014. Based on their performance at the 2012 and

silver and bronze respectively, the first U.S. medals in that sport since 2002. Overall, the U.S. won four medals in bobsled events, two in skeleton, and one in luge. Of the nine gold medals won by Team USA, seven were won by first-time Olympians. In snowboarding, Sage Kotsenburg and Jamie Anderson won gold in the inaugural slopestyle events, and Kaitlyn Farrington won the women's halfpipe. In freestyle skiing, Joss Christensen won the inaugural men's slopestyle, David Wise won men's halfpipe, and Maddie Bowman won women's halfpipe. Eighteen-year-old alpine skier Mikaela Shiffrin won gold in the slalom in her Olympic debut.

"Mariel Zagunis"
Mariel Zagunis Mariel Leigh Zagunis (born March 3, 1985) is an American sabre fencer. She won the gold medals in the individual sabre at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics. Zagunis is the first American to win a gold medal in Olympic fencing, and was chosen to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations. Zagunis' parents, Robert and Cathy (née Menges) Zagunis, were collegiate rowers at Oregon State University and Connecticut College, respectively. They both competed with the U.S. rowing team at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

"Edward Burke (hammer thrower)"
Edward Burke (hammer thrower) Edward ""Ed"" Andrew Burke (born March 4, 1940) is an American hammer thrower best known for carrying the flag of the United States at the Olympics in Los Angeles 1984. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1984 Olympics and placed 7th, 12th and 18th, respectively. He set his personal best in 1984, aged 44. Burke came to the 1968 Summer Olympics as a favorite, after setting the U.S. record of 235' 11"" at the 1967 AAU Championships in Bakersfield, California (the same meet Jim Ryun ran his long standing 3:51.1 mile record), then the number

Among returning Olympians, Meryl Davis and Charlie White won the first American gold in ice dancing, and Ted Ligety won gold in giant slalom becoming the first American man to win two Olympic golds in alpine skiing. Fellow alpine skier Bode Miller, competing in his fifth winter games, became the oldest alpine medalist at age 36, winning bronze in the super-G. The 2014 Games marked the first time a U.S. Olympic team competed in Russia, as the United States and 64 western countries did not take part in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow due to the Soviet–Afghan War.

the World Record for his age division. After turning 70 in 2010, he did it again in his new age division. Edward Burke (hammer thrower) Edward ""Ed"" Andrew Burke (born March 4, 1940) is an American hammer thrower best known for carrying the flag of the United States at the Olympics in Los Angeles 1984. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1984 Olympics and placed 7th, 12th and 18th, respectively. He set his personal best in 1984, aged 44. Burke came to the 1968 Summer Olympics as a favorite, after setting the U.S. record of 235' 11"" at the

medals and 5th in gold medals. In long track speedskating, the U.S. matched its medal-less results from 1984 and 1956. In figure skating, the U.S. won no medals in the men's or women's singles events for the first time since 1936. Conversely, at the Sanki Sliding Center, the United States won more medals (seven) than any other nation. Steven Holcomb and Steven Langton won the first U.S. medal (a silver) in two-man bobsled in 62 years, while Erin Hamlin earned the first singles luge medal ever for the United States (also bronze). In skeleton, Noelle Pikus-Pace and Matthew Antoine won

United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Team USA consisted of 230 athletes competing in all 15 sports. After winning an Olympic record 37 medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the United States had a somewhat disappointing performance during these games. Although the delegation ranked second in overall medals with 28, it ranked out of the top three in gold medals (with a total of nine) for the first time since Nagano in 1998 when it placed 6th in overall

"Shani Davis"
Winter Olympics, Davis Tweeted his displeasure with the process for choosing the American team flag bearer. Following a vote among representative athletes from each of the eight winter sports federations, Davis and four-time Olympic luger Erin Hamlin had each received four votes. Following the pre-determined procedure for settling a tie vote, a coin toss was made. Hamlin won the toss and was therefore selected to carry the flag. Davis's Tweet called the coin toss ""dishonorable"" and included the hashtag #BlackHistoryMonth2018, implying that race was, or should have been, a factor in the selection voting process. Hamlin is a white female.

the US Olympic trials from January 2–5, 2014. Kyle Carr was the 5th man selected to the team but he did not skate in any individual distances or in the relay The skeleton team was named on January 18, 2014. The team was named on January 22, 2014. The final members of the freestyle team and the alpine team was named on January 21, 2014. The snowboard cross team was named on January 25, 2014. Based on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, the United States earned start quotas in

"The Trials of Apollo"
The third book in the series, ""The Burning Maze"", was released on May 1, 2018. The fourth book in the series, ""The Tyrant's Tomb"", will be released in October 2019. The series follows the trials of the god Apollo, who has been turned into a human as punishment from his father and king of the gods Zeus. Zeus is angry with Apollo for a variety of reasons, most notably for the younger god's allowing his Roman descendant Octavian to rise to power during ""The Heroes of Olympus"" series by giving him his blessing. The final book of ""The Heroes of

It will be released in October 2019, and the story will be set in the Bay Area, most likely around Camp Jupiter. A companion book titled ""From Percy Jackson: Camp Half-Blood Confidential"" was released on May 2, 2017. The Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the ""Heroes of Olympus"" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, ""Camp Half-Blood Confidential"", has also

"The Dark Prophecy"
the next one"". The novel was nominated for Best Middle Grade & Children's Book of 2017 in the Goodreads Choice Awards, and ended in second place, behind ""The Ship of the Dead"", also written by Riordan. The third book of ""The Trials of Apollo"" is titled ""The Burning Maze"" and was announced by Riordan on October 17, 2017. It released on May 1, 2018. The Dark Prophecy The Dark Prophecy is an American fantasy novel based on Greek and Roman mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was published on May 2, 2017, and is the second book in ""The Trials

The Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the ""Heroes of Olympus"" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, ""Camp Half-Blood Confidential"", has also been released in addition to the main series. The first book in the series, ""The Hidden Oracle"", was released on May 3, 2016. The second book in the series, ""The Dark Prophecy"", was released on May 2, 2017.

North America to restore the remaining four Oracles and defeat the triumvirate of Roman emperors-turned-Gods, while also being helped by Leo Valdez, the now-mortal Calypso and Festus the bronze dragon. ""The Burning Maze"" is the third book in the series. It released on May 1, 2018. The book follows Lester Papadopoulos/Apollo, Meg McCaffrey and Grover Underwood while they try to rescue Herophile, an Oracle that speaks only in puzzles, from the Roman emperor Caligula and his talking horse, Incitatus. In the process, they met some strixes that feed only on blood, which they finally repel using strawberries. While sleeping, Apollo

"Midnighter and Apollo"
Midnighter and Apollo Midnighter and Apollo is a six-issue American comic book limited series published by DC Comics. It is written by Steve Orlando and illustrated by Fernando Blanco, with covers by ACO. The series debuted on October, 2016 and finished in March, 2017. The story takes some time after the end of ""Midnighter"", with Midnighter and Apollo having gotten back together. Following a battle with demons, Apollo's soul is dragged to Hell and Midnighter attempts to bring him back. The series was announced shortly after the cancellation of ""Midnighter"", that came with the end of ""The New 52"" continuity

reaches Camp Half-Blood, he sees that Nero sent a colossal statue of himself to destroy the camp. After regaining a few of his former powers, Apollo destroys the statue and promises to find Meg again. Just as the fight ends, Leo and Calypso (aboard Festus) arrive at the camp. The three realize that they must travel to free the next oracle. ""The Dark Prophecy"" is the second book in the series. It was released on May 2, 2017. The book continues the story of Apollo as the mortal Lester, as he leaves the safety of Camp Half-Blood and journeys across

"Poseidon's Wake"
Poseidon's Wake Poseidon's Wake is a science fiction novel by Welsh author Alastair Reynolds. It forms the conclusion of Reynolds' ""Poseidon's Children"" future history trilogy, which follows the expansion of humanity and its transhuman descendants into the galaxy over the course of many centuries. ""Poseidon's Wake"" follows ""Blue Remembered Earth"" (2012) and ""On the Steel Breeze"" (2013), and was published by Gollancz on 30 April 2015. Reynolds submitted the manuscript of ""Poseidon's Wake"" to Gollancz in October 2014, and completed his editorial revisions in November 2014. Gollancz released the novel's cover art and announced its print and digital release date

"Doomsday Clock (comics)"
no tie-in material. However, it ""will have an impact on the entire DC Universe. It will affect everything moving forward and everything that has come before. It will touch the thematic and literal essence of DC."" So by the time the final issue is released, ""the rest of the universe will have caught up to it — and the repercussions of the event will become known."" The first issue of ""Doomsday Clock"" was released on November 22, 2017, and is planned to last 12 issues. The series was originally scheduled to release monthly and end in December 2018, with planned

completed on July 9. In an interview with ""Sports Illustrated"", James's agent, Rich Paul, explained, ""In 2010, when he went to Miami, it was about championships. In 2014, when he went back to Cleveland, it was about delivering on a promise. In 2018, it was just about doing what he wants to do."" Reaction to the move was more positive than his original departure from the Cavaliers, albeit still mixed, as some onlookers felt that Los Angeles was not his optimal destination. On November 14, 2018, James scored 44 points in a 126–117 win over the Portland Trail Blazers, passing

his actions during the 2010 free agency period and, more specifically, ""The Decision"", he was listed as one of most disliked athletes in the US. By 2013, his image had mostly recovered and he was reported by ESPN as the most popular player in the NBA for the second time in his career. In 2014, he was named the most popular male athlete in America by the Harris Poll. He has led the league in jersey sales six times. In March 2008, James became the first black manand third man overall after Richard Gere and George Clooneyto appear on the

allotted him the option of seeking a new contract worth more money as an unrestricted free agent following the 2010 season. This move ultimately allowed James, Dwyane Wade, and Chris Bosh to sign with the Heat together. During his second stint in Cleveland, he began opting out and re-signing on new contracts after each season in order to take advantage of higher salaries resulting from the NBA's rising salary cap. In 2016, he signed with the Cavaliers on a three-year deal, becoming the highest-paid player in the league for the first time in his career. James has signed numerous endorsement

rivalry among the different hereditary polities. The empire came to an end in 1230, when Takrur in northern Senegal took over the capital. The Mali Empire began in the 13th century AD, when a Mande (Mandingo) leader, Sundiata (Lord Lion) of the Keita clan, defeated Soumaoro Kanté, king of the Sosso or southern Soninke, at the Battle of Kirina in c. 1235. Sundiata continued his conquest from the fertile forests and Niger Valley, east to the Niger Bend, north into the Sahara, and west to the Atlantic Ocean, absorbing the remains of the Ghana Empire. Sundiata took on the title

French withdrew after a standoff and continued to press claims to other posts in the region. In March 1899, the French and British agreed that the source of the Nile and Congo Rivers should mark the frontier between their spheres of influence. Although the 1884–85 Berlin Conference had set the rules for the Scramble for Africa, it had not weakened the rival imperialists. The 1898 Fashoda Incident, which had seen France and the British Empire on the brink of war, ultimately led to the signature of the ""Entente Cordiale"" of 1904, which countered the influence of the European powers of

threatened Bornu itself. Sometime between 1300 and 1400 AD, Kongolo Mwamba (Nkongolo) from the Balopwe clan unified the various Luba peoples, near Lake Kisale. He founded the Kongolo Dynasty, which was later ousted by Kalala Ilunga. Kalala expanded the kingdom west of Lake Kisale. A new centralized political system of spiritual kings (""balopwe"") with a court council of head governors and sub-heads all the way to village heads. The ""balopwe"" was the direct communicator with the ancestral spirits and chosen by them. Conquered states were integrated into the system and represented in the court, with their titles. The authority of

and Akwamu. During the 16th century, Ashante society experienced sudden changes, including population growth because of cultivation of New World plants such as cassava and maize and an increase in the gold trade between the coast and the north. By the 17th century, Osei Kofi Tutu I (c. 1695–1717), with help of Okomfo Anokye, unified what became the Ashante into a confederation with the Golden Stool as a symbol of their unity and spirit. Osei Tutu engaged in a massive territorial expansion. He built up the Ashante army based on the Akan state of Akwamu, introducing new organization and turning

The British placed all power—legislative, executive, administrative—in English and Afrikaner hands. Between 1878 and 1898, European states partitioned and conquered most of Africa. For 400 years, European nations had mainly limited their involvement to trading stations on the African coast. Few dared venture inland from the coast; those that did, like the Portuguese, often met defeats and had to retreat to the coast. Several technological innovations helped to overcome this 400-year pattern. One was the development of repeating rifles, which were easier and quicker to load than muskets. Artillery was being used increasingly. In 1885, Hiram S. Maxim developed the

"Ivory Coast"
with Liberia in 1892 and with Britain in 1893 determined the eastern and western boundaries of the colony, but the northern boundary was not fixed until 1947 because of efforts by the French government to attach parts of Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso) and French Sudan (present-day Mali) to Ivory Coast for economic and administrative reasons. France's main goal was to stimulate the production of exports. Coffee, cocoa, and palm oil crops were soon planted along the coast. Ivory Coast stood out as the only West African country with a sizeable population of settlers; elsewhere in West and Central Africa,

the early part of the 19th century was undergoing its Industrial Revolution. Nationalist rivalries and prestige were at play. Acquiring African colonies would show rivals that a nation was powerful and significant. These factors culminated in the Scramble for Africa. Knowledge of Africa increased. Numerous European explorers began to explore the continent. Mungo Park traversed the Niger River. James Bruce travelled through Ethiopia and located the source of the Blue Nile. Richard Francis Burton was the first European at Lake Tanganyika. Samuel White Baker explored the Upper Nile. John Hanning Speke located a source of the Nile at Lake Victoria.

"British Empire"
British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political,

Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it. In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. Britain continued to transport convicts to New South Wales until 1840, to Tasmania until

the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of four to six years of ""apprenticeship"". The British government compensated slave-owners. Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ""imperial century"" by some historians, around of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the ""Pax Britannica"", and a

1853 and to Western Australia until 1868. The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold, mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria, making its capital Melbourne for a time the richest city in the world and the second largest city (after London) in the British Empire. During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods.

the US, but the pre-war boundaries were reaffirmed by the 1814 Treaty of Ghent, ensuring Canada's future would be separate from that of the United States. Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the Thirteen Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia. The coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon in 1606 and was named New

to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates. Britain gained control of Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq, parts of Cameroon and Togoland, and Tanganyika. The Dominions themselves also acquired mandates of their own: the Union of South Africa gained South West Africa (modern-day Namibia), Australia gained New Guinea, and New Zealand Western Samoa. Nauru was made a combined mandate of Britain and the two Pacific Dominions. The changing world order that the war had brought about, in particular the growth of the United States and Japan as naval powers, and the rise of independence movements in India and Ireland, caused a

"British Overseas Territories"
Empire in the 19th century, to its territorial peak in the 1920s, saw Britain acquire nearly one quarter of the world's land mass, including territories with large indigenous populations in Asia and Africa. From the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, the larger settler colonies – in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa – first became self-governing colonies and then achieved independence in all matters except foreign policy, defence and trade. Separate self-governing colonies federated to become Canada (in 1867), Australia (in 1901), South Africa (in 1910), and Rhodesia (in 1965). These and other large self-governing colonies had

legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase ""the empire on which the sun never sets"" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories. During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of

The convention of driving on the left hand side of the road has been retained in much of the former empire. Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was also responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities

United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Decades, and in some cases centuries, of British rule and emigration have left their mark on the independent nations that arose from the British Empire. The empire established the use of English in regions around the world. Today it is the primary language of up to 460 million people and is spoken by about one and a half billion as a first, second or foreign language. The

"The People's Music Awards"
sign up as a musician can enter a song in two of the following categories: Each artist can upload one song, write a section about themselves, write a section on their influences and add videos. There are then two rounds where the people vote, and one round where music industry professionals (guest judges) judge the top ten songs from the first round. Guest judges at the awards include Mick Glossop, Alex Baker, Haydn Bendall, Ben Lovett and Howard Marks. Winners of the 2009 awards were High School Crush, Papercutz, Pamela Martin, Michael Hyman, The Future Shape Of Sound and Lavondyss.

"The Trinity Band"
category. The band had successfully passed through a series of semi-finals that included 10,000 participants. At the final concert at Indig02 The Trinity Band performed their own original song ""Supanova"" and a cover of ""Champion"" by Chris Brown and Chipmunk. Judges included Tom Deacon, Michael King of BGM Music, Chris Grayston, Bez from Happy Mondays, Alex Baker from ""Kerrang!"" Ben Price from Future Music, and Annika Allen from ""Flavour Magazine"". For winning, the band was awarded a £50,000 investment and management contract with Future Music Management, including a £15,000 publicity investment, and £15,000 for the recording and release of a

"The Boy Bands Have Won"
. The album continues their move into politically and socially aware folk music. Themes addressed on this album include suicide bombers, Philip Larkin, social networking websites, surviving a firing squad, evolution and the pains of the workplace. Also, on ""Sing About Love"" a heartfelt plea for a time when they wouldn't feel the need to ""sing about the thing [they] always sing about"". The album was recorded by the five-piece line-up of Jude Abbott, Lou Watts, Boff Whalley, Neil Ferguson and Phil 'Ron' Moody that comprises the Chumbawamba of recent times but features guest appearances by several other artists. The

TeenStar
from Northumberland, the runner-up was Harlee from Warrington, Cheshire and third place was Musty from Enfield, London. The mid-teen age category winner was SweetChix, with the runner-up being Michael Rice and third place going to Emily Middlemas from Glasgow. The late-teen age category runner-up was Bud from Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. Michael Rice was later to feature on The X Factor (UK TV series) and SweetChix got to the final of the ITV's Britain's Got Talent (series 8). The 17-year-old singer/songwriter Luke Friend won both the late teens and the overall competition. He performed his own song at the competition called ""Fame

Entropik, Bev Lee Harling, Soulvibe (in two categories), Neotropic, Tess, The Arkanes, Alice Heggie, and Beth Tysall. Winners of the 2011 awards were Isaac's Aircraft, Mr B. The Gentleman Rhymer, Brass Bastardz, Aurora J Young, Kirstenana, Ben Maggs, JC Harnell, Antonio Simone, and The Beatrix Players. The People's Music Awards The People’s Music Awards is the first global unsigned music awards. It was founded on 15 September 2008 by Managing Director Dylan Satow. The purpose of the awards is to get unsigned artists to be heard by industry professionals and people through the awards website. The winners of the awards

TeenStar
pre teens category was won by Breeze Redwine with an original song, ""Here Alone"", Breeze gaining 122 points in the Final. Second place went to Tazmin Barnes from Tewkesbury and third place to Evan from Shoebury. Late teens winner Eli scored 122 marks with her original song ""About You"". Eli, from Bromley, was ahead of Georgia from London in second and We!Are from Hanwell in third place. Judges included four time Ivor Novello award winner Mark Hill, James Meadows (A&R from Universal Music), Andy Baker (Music Manager from Resound Media), Rock School’s Stuart Slater, Editor in Chief of Shout Magazine

"Radio Academy Awards"
Frost, Amanda Holden, Jamelia, Carol Vorderman, Konnie Huq (Blue Peter), Melinda Messenger, Dolores O'Riordan, and Richard Park) who all presented awards. The 24th Sony Radio Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Paul Gambaccini, was held at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 8 May 2006. Stephen Nolan became the first person to win seven gold Sony awards. Guests included Andrea Corr, Dame Edna Everage, Lenny Henry and Jeff Wayne who all presented awards. The 23rd Sony Radio Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Paul Gambaccini, was held at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 9 May 2005. The BBC won

Boi-1da
The Neptunes. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) hosts a series of awards shows, honoring people in different music categories; pop music is one of its seven categories. In 2011, Drake presented the award to him and 40. They both won the ASCAP Pop Music Award for the Songwriters of the Year for ""Over"". The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Boi-1da has been nominated fourteen times and won none. Boi-1da Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), professionally known as Boi-1da ( , a play on ""boy wonder""),

"MTV Europe Music Award"
that year. Multiple winners of the night included Lady Gaga, Twenty One Pilots, Shawn Mendes and Martin Garrix. Green Day were awarded with the Global Icon Award for their contribution to music. Collecting their award, Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong said it was ""nice to be out of America just for a second because of this horrendous election that's going on right now"", referring to the 2016 United States presidential election that saw Donald Trump being elected as the 45th president of the United States. He further said, ""our entire country is about to have one big collective heart

Radio Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Paul Gambaccini, was held at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 8 May 2003. BBC Radio 4 won six awards including UK Station of the Year. Guests included Grace Jones, Sam Fox, Tony Blackburn, and Meatloaf who all presented awards. The 20th Sony Radio Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Paul Gambaccini, was held at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 2 May 2002. BBC Radio 4 won the most awards (six). Guests included the singers Jarvis Cocker and Feargal Sharkey, actress Janet Suzman, and the girl group Sugababes who all presented awards.

1976, the law was simplified. Men and women were instructed to stand with their hands over their hearts, men removing their hats, irrespective of whether or not the flag was displayed and those in uniform saluting. On August 12, 1998, the law was rewritten keeping the same instructions, but differentiating between ""those in uniform"" and ""members of the Armed Forces and veterans"" who were both instructed to salute during the playing whether or not the flag was displayed. Because of the changes in law over the years and confusion between instructions for the Pledge of Allegiance versus the National Anthem,

stand at attention, men removing their hats. The same code also required that women should place their hands over their hearts when the flag is displayed during the playing of the national anthem, but not if the flag was not present. On December 23, 1942, the law was again revised instructing men and women to stand at attention and face in the direction of the music when it was played. That revision also directed men and women to place their hands over their hearts only if the flag was displayed. Those in uniform were required to salute. On July 7,

no national anthem"". In 1930, Veterans of Foreign Wars started a petition for the United States to officially recognize ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" as the national anthem. Five million people signed the petition. The petition was presented to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary on January 31, 1930. On the same day, Elsie Jorss-Reilley and Grace Evelyn Boudlin sang the song to the Committee to refute the perception that it was too high pitched for a typical person to sing. The Committee voted in favor of sending the bill to the House floor for a vote. The House of

Representatives passed the bill later that year. The Senate passed the bill on March 3, 1931. President Herbert Hoover signed the bill on March 4, 1931, officially adopting ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" as the national anthem of the United States of America. As currently codified, the United States Code states that ""[t]he composition consisting of the words and music known as the Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem."" The song is notoriously difficult for nonprofessionals to sing because of its wide rangea 12th. Humorist Richard Armour referred to the song's difficulty in his book ""It All Started With Columbus"". Professional and

1889, and by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at ), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of U.S. officialdom. ""Hail, Columbia"" served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. ""My Country, 'Tis of Thee"", whose melody is identical to ""God Save the Queen"", the United Kingdom's national anthem, also served as a ""de facto"" national anthem. Following the War of 1812 and subsequent U.S. wars, other songs emerged

22, 1942, when Congress amended the Flag Code language first passed into law on June 22, 1942. Attached to bills passed in Congress in 2008 and then in 2009 (Section 301(b)(1) of title 36, United States Code), language was included which authorized all active duty military personnel and all veterans in civilian clothes to render a proper hand salute during the raising and lowering of the flag, when the colors are presented, and during the National Anthem. A musical setting for ""The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag"" was created by Irving Caesar, at the suggestion of Congressman Louis C.

"United States Flag Code"
is therefore unconstitutional. This etiquette is as applied within U.S. jurisdiction. In other countries and places, local etiquette applies. Prior to Flag Day, June 14, 1923, neither the federal government nor the states had official guidelines governing the display of the United States' flag. On that date, the National Flag Code was constructed by representatives of over 68 organizations, under the auspices of the National Americanism Commission of the American Legion. The code drafted by that conference was printed by the national organization of the American Legion and given nationwide distribution. On June 22, 1942, the code became Public Law

"Santa Claus"
the veneration of saints. Martin Luther first suggested the Christkind as the bringer of gifts. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people. Father Christmas dates back as far as 16th century in England during the reign of Henry VIII, when he was pictured as a large man in green or scarlet robes lined with fur. He typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, bringing peace, joy, good food and wine and revelry. As England no longer kept the feast day of Saint Nicholas on 6 December, the Father Christmas celebration was moved to the 25th of

elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. Santa Claus is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-bearded man—sometimes with spectacles—wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, a red hat with white fur and black leather belt and boots and who carries a bag full of gifts for children. This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19th century due to the significant influence of the 1823 poem ""A Visit from

the North Pole, and his flying reindeer, who pull his sleigh. He is commonly portrayed as living at the North Pole, and often laughing in a way that sounds like ""ho ho ho"". Saint Nicholas of Myra was a 4th-century Greek Christian bishop of Myra (now Demre) in Lycia. Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. He was very religious from an early age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In continental Europe (more

and Moscow. During the Middle Ages, often on the evening before his name day of 6 December, children were bestowed gifts in his honour. This date was earlier than the original day of gifts for the children, which moved in the course of the Reformation and its opposition to the veneration of saints in many countries on the 24th and 25 December. The custom of gifting to children at Christmas has been propagated by Martin Luther as an alternative to the previous very popular gift custom on St. Nicholas, to focus the interest of the children to Christ instead of

St. Nicholas"" and of caricaturist and political cartoonist Thomas Nast. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, children's books, films, and advertising. Santa Claus is said to make lists of children throughout the world, categorizing them according to their behavior (""good"" and ""bad"", or ""naughty"" and ""nice"") and to deliver presents, including toys, and candy to all of the well-behaved children in the world, and coal to all the misbehaved children, on the single night of Christmas Eve. He accomplishes this feat with the aid of his elves, who make the toys in his workshop at

world as ""Santa Claus"" (a phonetic derivation of ""Sinterklaas""). In the English and later British colonies of North America, and later in the United States, British and Dutch versions of the gift-giver merged further. For example, in Washington Irving's ""History of New York"" (1809), ""Sinterklaas"" was Americanized into ""Santa Claus"" (a name first used in the American press in 1773) but lost his bishop's apparel, and was at first pictured as a thick-bellied Dutch sailor with a pipe in a green winter coat. Irving's book was a lampoon of the Dutch culture of New York, and much of this portrait

is his joking invention. In 1821, the book ""A New-year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve"" was published in New York. It contained ""Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"", an anonymous poem describing Santeclaus on a reindeer sleigh, bringing presents to children. Some modern ideas of Santa Claus seemingly became canon after the anonymous publication of the poem ""A Visit From St. Nicholas"" (better known today as ""The Night Before Christmas"") in the Troy, New York, ""Sentinel"" on 23 December 1823; Clement Clarke Moore later claimed authorship, though some scholars argue that Henry Livingston, Jr. (who died nine

encourage imagination, and it’s equivalent to bribing your kids for good behavior.” Notes Bibliography Santa Claus Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Kris Kringle, Father Christmas, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts to the homes of well-behaved (""good"" or ""nice"") children on Christmas Eve (24 December) and the early morning hours of Christmas Day (25 December). The modern Santa Claus grew out of traditions surrounding the historical Saint Nicholas (a fourth-century Greek bishop and gift-giver of Myra), the British figure of Father Christmas and the Dutch figure

through the sky. The leader of the wild hunt is frequently attested as the god Wodan (Norse Odin), bearing (among many names) the names ""Jólnir"", meaning ""Yule figure"", and ""Langbarðr"", meaning ""long-beard"", in Old Norse. Wodan's role during the Yuletide period has been theorized as having influenced concepts of St. Nicholas in a variety of facets, including his long white beard and his gray horse for nightly rides (compare Odin's horse Sleipnir) or his reindeer in North American tradition. Folklorist Margaret Baker maintains that ""the appearance of Santa Claus or Father Christmas, whose day is the 25th of December, owes

December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of 'good cheer'. His physical appearance was variable, with one famous image being John Leech's illustration of the ""Ghost of Christmas Present"" in Charles Dickens's festive classic ""A Christmas Carol"" (1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. In the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas,

child: maintenance, protection, and education. In modern language, the child has a right to receive these from the parent. The League of Nations adopted the ""Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child"" (1924), which enunciated the child's right to receive the requirements for normal development, the right of the hungry child to be fed, the right of the sick child to receive health care, the right of the backward child to be reclaimed, the right of orphans to shelter, and the right to protection from exploitation. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) in Article 25(2) recognized

the need of motherhood and childhood to ""special protection and assistance"" and the right of all children to ""social protection."" The United Nations General Assembly adopted the ""United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child"" (1959), which enunciated ten principles for the protection of children's rights, including the universality of rights, the right to special protection, and the right to protection from discrimination, among other rights. Consensus on defining children's rights has become clearer in the last fifty years. A 1973 publication by Hillary Clinton (then an attorney) stated that children's rights were a ""slogan in need of a

vast majority of mankind--may be in a position to help forward the movement."" Jebb created an initial draft for what would become the UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1923. It contained the following five criteria: These five points were adopted by the League of Nations in 1924 and was thus known as the Declaration of Geneva. This was the first important assertion of the rights of children as separate from adults, and began the process that would lead to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the United Nations in 1989. Following

"The Glory of Love (song)"
The Glory of Love (song) ""The Glory of Love"" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from Dean Martin to Jimmy Durante to Paul McCartney. Bette Midler included the song in her film ""Beaches"" (1988) and it appears in the soundtrack recording. In 1951, R&B vocal group, The Five Keys, had their biggest R&B hit with their version of the song, hitting number one on the R&B chart for four non-consecutive weeks. Although

The Five Keys recording sold a reported million copies, pressed recordings are very rare. In 1967, Otis Redding recorded a cover version for his 1968 album, ""The Dock of the Bay"". Redding's cover became a top 20 hit and reached number nineteen on the ""Billboard"" R&B Songs chart and number sixty on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The Glory of Love (song) ""The Glory of Love"" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from

"Glory of Love"
Glory of Love ""Glory of Love"" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film ""The Karate Kid Part II"", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, ""Solitude/Solitaire"", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=""Solitude/SolitaireCD""></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of ""The Karate Kid Part II"".)

new release. Glory of Love ""Glory of Love"" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film ""The Karate Kid Part II"", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, ""Solitude/Solitaire"", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=""Solitude/SolitaireCD""></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of ""The Karate Kid

"Melody of Love (song)"
Melody of Love (song) ""Melody of Love"" is a popular song. The music was originally written by Hans Engelmann in 1903. The lyrics were added by Tom Glazer in 1954. Although recorded by Edison Records within a year of its release, the song's breakthrough came in 1955 with an instrumental version recorded by Billy Vaughn. Other charting versions in 1955 were by David Carroll, by The Four Aces, and by Leo Diamond. The recording by Billy Vaughn was released by Dot Records as catalog number 15247. It first reached the ""Billboard"" Best Seller chart on December 1, 1954 and lasted

in late 1969-early 1970. In 1957 a song unrelated, except by title, by The Ames Brothers, ""Melodie D'Amour"" (Melody Of Love) charted at #5. Melody of Love (song) ""Melody of Love"" is a popular song. The music was originally written by Hans Engelmann in 1903. The lyrics were added by Tom Glazer in 1954. Although recorded by Edison Records within a year of its release, the song's breakthrough came in 1955 with an instrumental version recorded by Billy Vaughn. Other charting versions in 1955 were by David Carroll, by The Four Aces, and by Leo Diamond. The recording by Billy

"Hymne à l'amour"
Hymne à l'amour """" (; French for ""Hymn to Love"") is a popular French song originally performed by Édith Piaf. The lyrics were written by Piaf and the music by Marguerite Monnot. Piaf first sang this song at the Cabaret Versailles in New York City on September 14, 1949. It was written to her lover and the love of her life, the French boxer, Marcel Cerdan. On October 28, 1949, Cerdan was killed in a plane crash on his way from Paris to New York to come to see her. She recorded the song on May 2, 1950. """" was

Original Song, and a Golden Globe in the category of Best Original Song. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 1987 for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Male Artist. It went on to win an ASCAP Award for Most Performed Songs from a Motion Picture and a BMI Film & TV Award for Most Performed Song from a Film. According to Cetera, he originally wrote and composed ""Glory of Love"" as the end title for the 1985 film ""Rocky IV"", but it was passed over by United Artists, and instead was used as the theme for ""The

sang this version in Carnegie Hall at both of her performances in 1956 and 1957. Subsequent covers by Vera Lynn in 1953, Kay Starr in 1954, Shirley Bassey in 1959 and Brenda Lee in 1961 brought fame to this version. Raquel Bitton features ""Hymn to Love"" in her tribute to Piaf 2000. My Brightest Diamond performs it as a B-side on her From the Top of the World single. The song is a central plot point to Anne Wiazemsky's 1996 autobiographical novel , which won the Prix Maurice Genevoix that year. """" was covered by Japanese singer-songwriter Hikaru Utada in

"Ich bin ein Berliner"
East German occupation. Speaking from a platform erected on the steps of Rathaus Schöneberg for an audience of 450,000, Kennedy said, Kennedy used the phrase twice in his speech, including at the end, pronouncing the sentence with his Boston accent and reading from his note ""ish bin ein Bear""lee""ner"", which he had written out using English orthography to approximate the German pronunciation. He also used classical Latin pronunciation of ""civis romanus sum"", with the c pronounced /k/ and the v as /w/. There is a widespread misconception (outside German-speaking countries) that the phrase is incorrect German and in fact means

Ich bin ein Berliner """"Ich bin ein Berliner"""" (, ""I am a Berliner"") is a quotation of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a speech given on June 26, 1963, in West Berlin. It is widely regarded as the best-known speech of the Cold War and the most famous anti-communist speech. Kennedy aimed to underline the support of the United States for West Germany 22 months after Soviet-occupied East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to the West. The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and was a clear statement

context it is clear. Ich bin ein Berliner """"Ich bin ein Berliner"""" (, ""I am a Berliner"") is a quotation of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a speech given on June 26, 1963, in West Berlin. It is widely regarded as the best-known speech of the Cold War and the most famous anti-communist speech. Kennedy aimed to underline the support of the United States for West Germany 22 months after Soviet-occupied East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to the West. The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and

already by the translator scheduled to accompany him on the trip (""a rather unpleasant man who complained bitterly that he had had to interrupt his vacation just to watch the President’s mannerisms""). Additionally, Ted Sorensen claimed in his memoir ""Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History"" (2008) to have had a hand in the speech, and said he had incorrectly inserted the word ""ein"", incorrectly taking responsibility for the ""jelly doughnut misconception"", below, a claim apparently supported by Berlin mayor Willy Brandt but dismissed by later scholars since the final typed version, which does not contain the words, is

the last one Sorensen could have worked on. Robert Lochner claimed in his memoirs that Kennedy had asked him for a translation of ""I am a Berliner"", and that they practiced the phrase in Brandt's office. Daum credited the origin of the phrase ""Ich bin ein Berliner"" to Kennedy and his 1962 speech in New Orleans quoted above. According to Daum, Kennedy was affected by seeing the Berlin Wall, so that he ""falls back on the most memorable passage of his New Orleans speech given the year before, changing pride in being an American in being a Berliner."" Behind the

long table set up on the steps of the Rathaus Schöneberg were U.S. and German dignitaries, including Dean Rusk (Kennedy's Secretary of State), Lucius D. Clay (the US administrator of Germany), Konrad Adenauer (the German chancellor), Willy Brandt, and Otto Bach (President of the ""Abgeordnetenhaus"" of Berlin). The crowd was estimated at 450,000 people. Bach spoke first, of the recent developments in Berlin, especially the wall. He was followed by Konrad Adenauer, who spoke briefly and introduced the president. Kennedy was accompanied not by Robert Lochner, but by Heinz Weber of the Berlin mission; Weber translated the president's speech to

is ""Pfannkuchen"" (literally ""pancake""). A further part of the misconception is that the audience to his speech laughed at his supposed error. They actually cheered and applauded both times the phrase was used. They laughed and cheered a few seconds after the first use of the phrase when Kennedy joked with the interpreter: ""I appreciate my interpreter translating my German."" A reference to this misconception appears in Len Deighton's spy novel ""Berlin Game"", published in 1983, which contains the following passage, spoken by Bernard Samson: In Deighton's novel, Samson is an unreliable narrator, and his words cannot be taken at

the audience. Besides the typescript, Kennedy had a cue card on which he himself had written the phonetic spelling, and he surprised everyone by completely disregarding the speech, which had taken weeks to prepare. Instead, he improvised: ""He says more than he should, something different from what his advisers had recommended, and is more provocative than he had intended to be."" The speech culminated with the second use in the speech of the ""Ich bin ein Berliner"" phrase: ""Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is ""Ich bin ein Berliner!"""" The crowd was quiet while Weber translated and

was positive, the Soviet authorities were less pleased with the combative ""Lass sie nach Berlin kommen"". Only two weeks before, Kennedy had spoken in a more conciliatory tone, speaking of ""improving relations with the Soviet Union"": in response to Kennedy's Berlin speech, Nikita Khrushchev, days later, remarked that ""one would think that the speeches were made by two different Presidents."" Ronald Reagan would evoke both the sentiment and the legacy of Kennedy's speech 24 years later in his ""Tear down this wall!"" speech. There are commemorative sites to Kennedy in Berlin, such as the German-American John F. Kennedy School and

"Adolf Hitler"
blamed for his listeners' economic hardships. Hitler used personal magnetism and an understanding of crowd psychology to his advantage while engaged in public speaking. Historians have noted the hypnotic effect of his rhetoric on large audiences, and of his eyes in small groups. Algis Budrys recalled the crowd noise and behaviour when Hitler appeared in a 1936 parade; some in the audience writhed and rolled on the ground or experienced fecal incontinence. Alfons Heck, a former member of the Hitler Youth, recalled a similar experience: Early followers included Rudolf Hess, former air force ace Hermann Göring, and army captain Ernst

""The Star Spangled Banner"", backed by the Florida Orchestra along with music director Jahja Ling, before 73,813 fans, 115 million viewers in the United States and a worldwide television audience of 750 million. The pregame program including Houston's performance of the national anthem was produced by Bob Best for the National Football League and televised live on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. Because of the Gulf War situation, this marked the first time the Super Bowl would be telecast in most countries around the world. Outside of North America and the United Kingdom, the Super Bowl was

"Democratic Republic of Georgia"
the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km), and a population of 2.5 million. The republic's capital was Tbilisi, and its state language was Georgian. Proclaimed on May 26, 1918, on the break-up of the Transcaucasian Federation, it was led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party). Facing permanent internal and external problems, the young state was unable to withstand invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies, and collapsed between February and March 1921 to become a Soviet republic. After the February Revolution of 1917 and collapse of the tsarist administration in the

"Georgia (country)"
protests were peaceful, the government pointed out that many protesters were masked and armed with heavy sticks and molotov cocktails. Georgian opposition leader Nino Burjanadze said the accusations of planning a coup were baseless, and that the protesters' actions were legitimate. Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city, and 2 autonomous republics. These in turn are subdivided into 67 districts and 12 self-governing cities. Georgia contains two official autonomous regions, of which one has declared independence. Officially autonomous within Georgia, the de facto independent region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999. In addition, another territory not officially autonomous has

Defense and Interior are not members of the Cabinet and are subordinated directly to the President of Georgia. Giorgi Margvelashvili is the current President of Georgia after winning 62.12% of the vote in the 2013 election. Since 2015, Giorgi Kvirikashvili has been the Prime Minister of Georgia. Legislative authority is vested in the Parliament of Georgia. It is unicameral and has 150 members, known as deputies, of whom 75 are elected by plurality to represent single-member districts, and 75 are chosen to represent parties by proportional representation. Members of parliament are elected for four-year terms. Five parties and electoral blocs

"Name of Georgia (country)"
Republic of Georgia (საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა ""sakartvelos demokratiuli respublika"") on May 26, 1918, transformed into the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა ""sakartvelos sabchota socialisturi respublika"") in 1921, and eventually gaining independence as the Republic of Georgia (საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა ""sakartvelos respublika"") on November 14, 1990. According to the 1995 constitution, the nation's official name is საქართველო ""sakartvelo"", with ""Georgia"" given as its English equivalent. In other Kartvelian languages, like Mingrelian, Georgia is referred as საქორთუო ""sakortuo"", in Laz it's ოქორთურა ""okortura"", when in Svan it uses the same name as Georgian does, საქართველო ""sakartvelo"". This same root is

announced new elections to be held on February 14, 1919. During its two-year history (1919–1921), the newly elected Constituent Assembly of Georgia – Nikolay Chkheidze was the president – adopted 126 laws, specifically, laws on citizenship, local elections, defence, the official language, agriculture, the legal system, political and administrative arrangements for ethnic minorities (including an act about the People's Council of Abkhazia), a national system of public education, and some other laws and regulations on fiscal and monetary policy, railways, and trade and domestic production. On February 21, 1921, facing the onset of Soviet aggression, the Constituent Assembly adopted a

"Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"
approved Shevardnadze's reinstatement of the constitutional guarantee the same year. April 14 was established as a Day of the Georgian Language. Shevardnadze's appointment as Soviet Foreign Minister in 1985 brought his replacement in Georgia by Jumber Patiashvili, a conservative and generally ineffective Communist who coped poorly with the challenges of perestroika. Towards the end of the late 1980s, increasingly violent clashes occurred between the Communist authorities, the resurgent Georgian nationalist movement and nationalist movements in Georgia's minority-populated regions (notably South Ossetia). On April 9, 1989, Soviet troops were used to break up a peaceful demonstration at the government building in

1964 and 1972, gained a reputation as a fighter of corruption and engineered the removal of Vasil Mzhavanadze, the corrupt First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party. Shevardnadze ascended to the post of First Secretary with the blessings of Moscow. He was an effective and able ruler of Georgia from 1972 to 1985, improving the official economy and dismissing hundreds of corrupt officials. Soviet power and Georgian nationalism clashed in 1978 when Moscow ordered revision of the constitutional status of the Georgian language as Georgia's official state language. Bowing to pressure from mass street demonstrations on April 14, 1978, Moscow

1917, the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic was established with Nikolay Chkheidze acting as its president. The federation consisted of three nations: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. As the Ottomans advanced into the Caucasian territories of the crumbling Russian Empire, Georgia declared independence on 26 May 1918. The Menshevik Social Democratic Party of Georgia won the parliamentary election and its leader, Noe Zhordania, became prime minister. Despite the Soviet takeover, Zhordania was recognized as the legitimate head of the Georgian Government by France, UK, Belgium, and Poland through the 1930s. The 1918 Georgian–Armenian War, which erupted over parts of Georgian provinces populated

Tbilisi. Twenty Georgians were killed and hundreds wounded and poisoned. The event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many – even some Georgian communists – to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet unity. On October 28, 1990, democratic parliamentary elections were held, and on November 15 the nation was renamed the Republic of Georgia. Georgia (excluding Abkhazia) was one of the six republics along with Armenia, Moldova and the Baltic States who boycotted the participation of the union-wide preservation referendum in March. It declared independence on April 9, 1991, under Zviad Gamsakhurdia, as one of the republics to secede just

Borjomi region and moved to Russia. In 2003, Shevardnadze (who won re-election in 2000) was deposed by the Rose Revolution, after Georgian opposition and international monitors asserted that 2 November parliamentary elections were marred by fraud. The revolution was led by Mikheil Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, former members and leaders of Shevardnadze's ruling party. Mikheil Saakashvili was elected as President of Georgia in 2004. Following the Rose Revolution, a series of reforms were launched to strengthen the country's military and economic capabilities. The new government's efforts to reassert Georgian authority in the southwestern autonomous republic of Ajaria led

"Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts"
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Four Seasons Hotels Limited, trading as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, is an international luxury hospitality company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Four Seasons operates more than 100 hotels worldwide. Since 2007, Bill Gates (through Cascade Investment) and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal have been majority owners of the company. Canadian businessman Isadore Sharp founded Four Seasons in 1960. While a young architect working for his father, Sharp designed a motel for a family friend; its success motivated him to try creating his own hotel. He bought a large parcel of land in a run-down area of

to have ""a high-speed wireless Internet network"" after Wayport, Inc. set it up there for testing wireless Internet networks. The hotel hosted Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 when she visited Texas. It was acquired by Anbang Insurance Group from the Blackstone Group for $359.7 million in 2016. Economic downturns in the early and mid-2000s affected the company. When the September 11 attacks caused the collapse of the travel industry, Four Seasons refused to cut room prices in order to preserve the perceived value of the brand, which caused tension with property owners who were losing money. The company recovered, and

in 2007 it agreed to a buyout by Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $3.8 billion. The pair own 95 percent of the company, in equal shares, and Sharp owns the rest. Challenges returned again during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. The company made the first corporate layoffs in its history, cutting 10% of its Toronto workforce. In April 2010, after a year-long dispute with Broadreach Capital Partners and Maritz, Wolff & Co., owners of the Aviara resort near San Diego, an arbitration panel ruled that, while both parties contributed to the demise

In Indonesia, it has one hotel in Jakarta and another two in Bali. In October 2012, Four Seasons opened a new 259 room Toronto hotel in Yorkville, designed by internationally known design firm Yabu Pushelberg. The hotel includes an upscale restaurant led by celebrity chef Daniel Boulud. It was hailed by ""The Globe and Mail"" as ""the renewal of an iconic Canadian brand in its hometown"". The penthouse was bought by entrepreneur Robert Österlund (founder of Xacti, LLC and Inbox.com) for a Canadian record price of over $28 million. In 2009, founder Sharp wrote a memoir titled ""Four Seasons: The

"Four Seasons Hotel Miami"
Four Seasons Hotel Miami The Four Seasons Hotel and Tower, also known as the Four Seasons Hotel Miami, is a 70-story, skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. Located in Downtown Miami's Brickell Financial District, it is the second tallest building in Miami as well as in Florida. The tower contains a Four Seasons Hotel property, office space and several residential condominium units on the upper floors. The building was planned by Gary Edward Handel & Associates and Bermello Ajamil & Partners, Inc. Post-tensioning reinforcement of the structure was supplied and engineered by Suncoast Post-Tension. The building was constructed with dense

chain-wide sales, marketing and reservations systems. Four Seasons hotels have larger staffs than competing chains, and the company maintains separate reserve accounts for each hotel to cover upkeep costs. Profit margins are relatively low, but the brand attracts developers through the hotels' reputation as solid assets for loan collateral or resale. Four Seasons also produces a complimentary magazine for guests that is supported by advertising revenue. Four Seasons has a fractional ownership division, Four Seasons Residence Clubs. Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts began offering vacation rentals in June 2014. Titled Residential Rentals, the properties are available in: North America (Costa

"Four Queens"
Four Queens The Four Queens Hotel and Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas on the Fremont Street Experience. The 690-room hotel and casino is owned and operated by TLC Enterprises, which acquired the property from the Elsinore Corporation in 2003. Construction began on November 16, 1964. The $5.5 million project was planned to include an 18-story hotel. Four Queens opened on June 2, 1966. The casino is named after the builder Ben Goffstein's four daughters, Faith, Hope, Benita, and Michele. It originally contained only 120 rooms and a casino. The 18-story hotel building was eventually added. From 1972 to

"Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas"
Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas is a five-star golf resort in Texas, located in the hills of Irving, several miles northwest of downtown Dallas. It is operated by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and is the only AAA Five Diamond resort and club in Texas. The resort contains a 431-room hotel, two restaurants, lounge bars, a spa, and an array of leisure facilities, including a swimming pool, gym, tennis courts and two golf courses, featuring a Tournament Players Club course, TPC Las Colinas, that hosted the PGA

"Four Seasons Hotel New York"
Four Seasons Hotel New York Four Seasons Hotel New York is a luxury hotel in New York that opened in 1993. Guest rooms begin at $995 per night. The Ty Warner Penthouse Suite, billed at per night, is listed at number 3 on ""World's 15 most expensive hotel suites"" compiled by CNN Go in 2012. In the 1980s, William Zeckendorf, a prominent American real estate developer, assembled of vacant property on 57th Street between Madison and Park Avenue. Robert H. Burns, founder of Regent International Hotels, approached Harunori Takahashi, owner of EIE International Corporation company to build a luxurious hotel

"Four Seasons Hotel, Washington, D.C."
Steak, the hotel restaurant, is overseen by head chef Michael Mina. The restaurant has a capacity of seating of 144 people and a private dining room which seats 22. In September 2015, King Salman of Saudi Arabia rented every single room at the Four Seasons Hotel in order to accommodate his entourage while he met with President Barack Obama. The hotel added an extensive amount of gold gilded furniture and laid red carpet in every hallway in order to meet the royal party's tastes. In that same month, Strategic Hotels & Resorts sold itself to The Blackstone Group for $6

"Elections in the Roman Republic"
individually and then given to tabulators on the tribunal. Till 139 BC, citizens cast their votes verbally by stating a desired candidate’s name while ""rogatores"" (tabulators) marked off the votes on wax tablets. The ""lex Gabinia tabellaria"" of 139 BC introduced the secret ballot, where each voter wrote the initials of the desired candidate on a small wax tablet to be placed in a box known as the ""cista"" at the exit of each of the ""pontes."" To prevent dishonesty, poll watchers guarded the ballot boxes and the official tabulators, now called custodes, counted the votes. The process of voting

units of voters. The membership of the two is almost identical, with the only difference that patricians were excluded from the Plebeian Council. The Centuriate Assembly voted at the Campus Martius. Originally the other two assemblies voted at the Forum, but later also moved to the Campus Martius. Voting was by group. A majority of 97 of the 193 centuries or 18 of the 35 tribes was needed to be elected. The groups varied greatly by population, with the wealthy centuries having far fewer voters per century than the poorer ones. The tribes were also unbalanced with the four urban

then counted and announced in an order determined by lot. Once a candidate had reached a majority of 18 tribes, counting would stop. Voting itself was originally oral and initiated via a magistrate’s call for public meeting. Candidates would stand before the electorate, without having prepared any sort of formal speech, and voters would separate to different sections of the saepta (a large unroofed wooden structure with 35 divisions) according to tribe. Each division was connected to the magistrate’s tribunal by a pons (plank) over which the voters would pass to cast their ballots. Each compartment had their votes taken

"Ballot laws of the Roman Republic"
peace. Voting by the Roman people, therefore, was critical to the functioning of the Republic. It was necessary not only for elections, but also for legislative and judicial reasons. Before the ballot laws were introduced, votes were conducted by voice. Voters in a certain century or tribe would gather together in a venue and express their preference, one by one, to a teller (""rogator""). The teller would tabulate the votes and announce the result to the presiding official. Votes were therefore impossible to keep secret. Although there are few recorded instances of direct voter intimidation, a variety of social pressures

“rule by the people” a more attainable goal. Voting for most offices was open to all full Roman citizens, a group that excluded women, slaves and originally those living outside of Rome. In the early Republic the electorate would have been small, but as Rome grew it expanded. The ""Lex Julia"" of 90 BCE extending voting rights to citizens across Italy greatly expanded the franchise. By the final Republican census of 70 BCE there were 910,000 possible electors. One unknown is how the Romans kept track of who was eligible to vote. Debates over the franchise were frequent, and differentiating

its time to employ group voting, in which each tribe of plebeians agreed on a single vote to cast, similar to the United States’ electoral college and some processes of English Parliament. When it came to electing officials and magistrates higher up, though, that responsibility still lay with the Centuriate Assembly, which was for the most part controlled by patrician interests. Eventually, that too changed to include the votes of more than 35 countryside plebeian tribes. Once the lower class had greater political representation, there came greater opportunity for them to finally ascend the political and social ladder, making the

tribes having far more possible voters. For the Centuriate voting was in descending order by class. The first property class would divide itself first into their 35 tribes, and then split each tribe by age forming the ""iuniores"" (juniors) and the ""seniores"" (seniors). This would form 70 centuries, each with a vote. The ""iuniores"" would vote first, and one of them would be chosen by lot. This group, known as the ""centuria praerogativa"", would be the first to vote, and it would have its results announced before every other century voted. Cicero put great weight on the ability of this

first announced result to sway other voters. After the ""centuria praerogativa"" the other 34 ""iuniores"" would have their results announced simultaneously. Next the 35 seniors and the 18 equites would cast their ballots. The first property class and the equites combined for 98 votes, and if they were unanimous a candidate would be declared elected and no other centuries would vote. If no majority was reached, balloting would continue through the lower property classes until a majority was reached. The Tribal Assembly did not have a similar order of precedence. Each of the 35 tribes voted simultaneously. The results were

intended to curb bribery of voters by candidates. Ursula Hall believes that the law ""was undoubtedly largely supported by men of substance wanting to challenge aristocratic control of office. In purpose this law was not, in a modern sense, 'democratic', not designed to give more power to voters, much less candidates, from lower ranks in the Roman system."" Hall and Harris both claim because literacy was uncommon in ancient Rome and the written ballot would have required literacy, the Gabinian law must have restricted voting to a small and prosperous minority, with Harris suggesting that this was intentional. However, Alexander

accepted by some as authentic to the period, others date it a century later to an author who would not have direct knowledge of election realities. At the origin of the Republic the only elected positions were the two consuls; over the course of the Republic new public offices were added, and by the end of the Republic 44 public offices were elected. All were elected annually to one-year terms, except the censor whose term covered a lustrum of five years. The only public offices which were not elected positions were the dictator and his deputy the Master of the

"Sedimentary rock"
Sedimentary rock Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of geological detritus (minerals) or biological detritus (organic matter). Before being deposited, the geological detritus was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water,

"Deposition (geology)"
Deposition (geology) Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null-point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example,

"Rock (geology)"
form much of the continental crust. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them having formed beneath the surface of Earth's crust. These have diverse properties, depending on their composition and the temperature and pressure conditions in which they were formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed at the earth's surface by the accumulation and cementation of fragments of earlier rocks, minerals, and organisms or as chemical precipitates and organic growths in water (sedimentation). This process causes clastic sediments (pieces of rock) or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate, or for minerals to chemically precipitate (evaporite) from

Sediment
and deposit its entire load, or due to base level rise. Seas, oceans, and lakes accumulate sediment over time. The sediment can consist of ""terrigenous"" material, which originates on land, but may be deposited in either terrestrial, marine, or lacustrine (lake) environments, or of sediments (often biological) originating in the body of water. Terrigenous material is often supplied by nearby rivers and streams or reworked marine sediment (e.g. sand). In the mid-ocean, the exoskeletons of dead organisms are primarily responsible for sediment accumulation. Deposited sediments are the source of sedimentary rocks, which can contain fossils of the inhabitants of the

wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Biological detritus was formed by bodies and parts (mainly shells) of dead aquatic organisms, as well as their fecal mass, suspended in water and slowly piling up on the floor of water bodies (marine snow). Sedimentation may also occur as dissolved minerals precipitate from water solution. The sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive (73% of the Earth's current land surface), but the total contribution of sedimentary rocks is estimated to be only 8% of the total volume of the crust. Sedimentary rocks

"Metamorphic rock"
Metamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means ""change in form"". The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure ( or more), causing profound physical or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's land surface. They are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage (metamorphic facies). They may be formed simply by being deep beneath

Soil
organic matter, such as those regoliths that formed on Mars and analogous conditions in planet Earth deserts. An example of the development of a soil would begin with the weathering of lava flow bedrock, which would produce the purely mineral-based parent material from which the soil texture forms. Soil development would proceed most rapidly from bare rock of recent flows in a warm climate, under heavy and frequent rainfall. Under such conditions, plants (in a first stage nitrogen-fixing lichens and cyanobacteria then epilithic higher plants) become established very quickly on basaltic lava, even though there is very little organic material.

between successive layers indicate changes to the environment over time. Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils because, unlike most igneous and metamorphic rocks, they form at temperatures and pressures that do not destroy fossil remains. Sedimentary rock Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of

numerical and hydraulic modelling seek to answer questions pertaining to littoral drift and sediment deposition, the results should not be viewed in isolation and a substantial body of purely qualitative observational data should supplement any planning or management decision. Deposition (geology) Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer

Erosion
Erosion In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement). This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, animals, and humans. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial erosion, snow erosion, wind (aeolic) erosion, zoogenic erosion, and anthropogenic erosion. The particulate breakdown of

the sport psychology sub-field of performance enhancement deals primarily with

"Sport psychology"
be psychological, such as cognitive state anxiety or attention changes. Below are five of the more common techniques or skills sport psychologists teach to athletes for improving their performance. Arousal regulation refers to entering into and maintaining an optimal level of cognitive and physiological activation in order to maximize performance. This may include relaxation if one becomes too anxious through methods such as progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, and meditation, or the use of energizing techniques (e.g., listening to music, energizing cues) if one is not alert enough. The use of meditation and specifically, mindfulness, is a growing practice in

for males are similar to those in status conflicts in non-human primates with testosterone levels increasing and decreasing as an individual's status changes. A decreased testosterone level may decrease dominant and competitive behaviors which when the status conflicts involved fighting may have been important for preventing physical injury to the loser as further competition is avoided. Testosterone levels also increase before sports competitions, in particular if the event is perceived as real challenge as compared to not being important. Testosterone may also be involved in the home advantage effect which has similarities to animal defense of their home territory. In

or leaders, changing the environment, finding multiple reasons or motives to do something, and being realistic about what is achievable. High achieving athletes are more likely to be motivated to achieve success rather than being motivated to avoid failure. Although anxiety or stress are often believed to a negative thing, they are actually a necessary response for the body to survive. It is natural for the body to exhibit certain levels of anxiety and stress, however, it becomes a problem when it begins to inhibit activity. Arousal is the physiological and psychological activation of the body in response to an

resembles and inverted U because the performance is at its highest value where the arousal is at half of its highest value. This theory looks at each type each athlete and what level of arousal they need to perform best. This suggests that each athlete requires their own level of stress and arousal to feel motivated and perform well. This theory is specific but difficult to quantify. This theory states that the level of arousal entirely depends on the interpretation of the situation. Athletes who view situations as more of a challenge rather than a threat, they will not have

Sport psychology Sport psychology is an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance improvement, applied sport psychology may include work with athletes, coaches, and parents regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, team building, and career transitions. In its formation, sport psychology was primarily the domain of physical educators, not researchers, which can explain the lack of a consistent history. Nonetheless,

a positive asset. In situations where anxiety is high, performance increases proportionally. This theory is not well accepted because it is thought that athletes can be psyched up, but they can also be psyched out. This simply means anxiety can work to motivated some, but it can inhibit others. It is entirely dependent on the individual's personality, so it can not be broadly applied to all athletes. This approach proposes that the best performance occurs when stress is moderate (not too high or low). This idea is demonstrated in a graph where physiological arousal is plotted against performance. The curve

(e.g., the elderly, the obese), theories of behavior change, and problems associated with exercise (e.g., injury, eating disorders, exercise addiction). Recent evidence also suggests that besides mental health and well-being, sport practice can improve general cognitive abilities. When requiring sufficient cognitive demands, physical activity seems to be an optimal way to improve cognition, possibly more efficiently than cognitive training or physical exercise alone Sport psychology Sport psychology is an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport

free throws), whereas confidence is a more general feeling (e.g., I believe I will have a good game today). ""Arousal"" refers to one's physiological and cognitive activation. While many researchers have explored the relationship between arousal and performance, one unifying theory has not yet been developed. However, research does suggest perception of arousal (i.e., as either good or bad) is related to performance. Motivation can be defined broadly as the will to perform a given task. People who play or perform for internal reasons, such as enjoyment and satisfaction, are said to be intrinsically motivated, while people who play for

short-term goals will remove the repetitiveness of easy goals and will give one an edge when striving for their long-term goals. Imagery (or motor imagery) can be defined as using multiple senses to create or recreate experiences in one's mind. Additionally, the more vivid images are, the more likely they are to be interpreted by the brain as identical to the actual event, which increases the effectiveness of mental practice with imagery. Good imagery, therefore, attempts to create as lifelike an image as possible through the use of multiple senses (e.g., sight, smell, kinesthetic), proper timing, perspective, and accurate portrayal

be inculcated into regular routines as a supplement to physical training. Athletes must learn how to use imagery in a quiet, non-distracting place while picturing realistic and attainable images. Using trigger words can facilitate imagery and bring the athlete closer to the pictured goal. Preperformance routines refer to the actions and behaviors athletes use to prepare for a game or performance. This includes pregame routines, warm up routines, and actions an athlete will regularly do, mentally and physically, before they execute the performance. Frequently, these will incorporate other commonly used techniques, such as imagery or self-talk. Examples would be visualizations

when did the prr first begin its passenger service between pittsburgh and philadelphia

"Pennsylvania Railroad"
Other Philadelphia lines electrified were the Chestnut Hill Branch (1918), White Marsh (1924), West Chester (1928), the main line to Wilmington, Delaware, and in 1930 the Schuylkill Branch to Norristown, along with the rest of the main line to Trenton. PRR's president William Wallace Atterbury announced in 1928 plans to electrify the lines between New York, Philadelphia, Washington and Harrisburg. In January 1933, through main-line service between New York and Philadelphia/Wilmington/Paoli was placed in operation. The first test run of an electric train between Philadelphia and Washington occurred on January 28, 1935. On February 1 the ""Congressional Limited""s in both

July 2, 1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the other lines heading north from the city. On June 29, 1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed. The PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania. This service was 54.5 miles (87.5 km) longer than the old route but avoided the transfer in Baltimore. The Union Railroad line opened on July 24, 1873. This route eliminated the transfer in Baltimore. PRR officials contracted with both the Union Railroad and

directions were the first trains in regular electric operation between New York and Washington, drawn by the first of the GG1-type locomotives. All regular passenger trains between these cities were electrified by March 15. In 1934 the PRR received a $77 million loan from the New Deal's Public Works Administration To complete the electrification project initiated in 1928, work was started January 27, 1937, on the main line from Paoli to Harrisburg; the low-grade freight line from Morrisville through Columbia to Enola Yard in Pennsylvania; the Port Road Branch from Perryville, Maryland, to Columbia; the Jamesburg Branch and Amboy Secondary

freight line from Monmouth Junction to South Amboy; and the Landover-South End freight line from Landover, Maryland, through Washington to Potomac Yard in Alexandria, Virginia (now called the Landover Subdivision and RF&P Subdivision of CSX). In less than a year, on the following January 15, the first passenger train, the ""Metropolitan,"" went into operation over the newly electrified line from Philadelphia to Harrisburg. On April 15, the electrified freight service from Harrisburg and Enola Yard east was inaugurated, thus completing the Pennsy's eastern seaboard electrification program. The railroad had electrified of its track, representing 41% of the country's electrically operated

stops along the route. This service became known as the ""Congressional Limited Express."" The service expanded, and by the 1920s, the PRR was operating hourly passenger train service between New York, Philadelphia and Washington. In 1952, 18-car stainless steel streamliners were introduced on the ""Morning Congressional"" and ""Afternoon Congressional"" between New York and Washington, as well as the ""Senator"" from Boston to Washington. On July 1, 1869, the Pennsylvania Railroad leased the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway in which it had previously been an investor. The lease gave the PRR complete control of that line's direct route through northern

Ohio and Indiana as well as entry into the emerging rail hub city of Chicago, Illinois. Acquisitions along the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway: Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad, Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, Toledo, Columbus and Ohio River Railroad, and Pittsburgh, Youngstown and Ashtabula Railway gave the PRR access to the iron ore traffic on Lake Erie. On June 15, 1887, the ""Pennsylvania Limited"" began running between New York and Chicago. This was also the introduction of the vestibule, an enclosed platform at the end of each passenger car, allowing protected access to the entire train. In 1902 the ""Pennsylvania

were capable of speeds up to . Placed in service in 1910, they proved to be quite efficient. Steel suburban passenger cars capable of being electrified for MU operation were designed due to the need for such cars in service to Penn Station through its associated tunnels and were designated MP54. Designs for corresponding cars accommodating baggage and mail were produced also. Eight of these cars were electrified with DC equipment to provide shuttle service from Penn Station to Manhattan Transfer between 1910 and 1922. More extensive electrification plans required AC electrification, starting with 93 cars for the Paoli Line

"Early history of the IRT subway"
Branch at Zoological Park at 181st Street and Boston Road, replacing the temporary station at this location. The new station cost $30,000 and opened on October 28, 1910. On January 18, 1910, a modification was made to Contracts 1 and 2 to lengthen station platforms to increase the length of express trains to eight cars from six cars, and to lengthen local trains from five cars to six cars. In addition to $1.5 million spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. On

"Metroliner (train)"
An initial order of 50 Budd Metroliner cars was placed on May 6, 1966, with a target service date of October 1967. Service was to operate at with later increases to , with hourly New York - Washington service and half-hourly New York - Philadelphia service. The Johnson Administration saw the new service as political capital and pushed for an aggressive schedule. The new cars were primarily intended for high-level platforms for faster boarding; the PRR constructed high-level island platforms at Wilmington, Baltimore, and Washington in 1967 and 1968. On June 13, 1967, the PRR announced plans for a suburban

Limited"" was replaced by the ""Pennsylvania Special"" which in turn was replaced in 1912 by the ""Broadway Limited"" which became the most famous train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad. This train ran from New York City to Chicago, via Philadelphia, with an additional section between Harrisburg and Washington (later operated as a separate Washington–Chicago train, the ""Liberty Limited""). In 1890, the PRR gained control of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, itself the merged product of numerous smaller lines in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Commonly called the Panhandle Route, this line ran west from Pittsburgh to Bradford, Ohio,

held as Helena's captives, Luke admits to a delirious and ill Tracy that they were never legally married. After becoming engaged at Thanksgiving, Luke and Tracy were married (legally) again in front of their friends and family on December 21, 2010, and leave for a honeymoon trip to Prague. In February 2011 Luke was at Sonny's wedding to Brenda. He was there when the limo blew up and held Sonny back like he did the night Lily died. On March 28, Luke is discovered to be the one who hit Jake, much to his horror. Though Lucky accuses him of

"Luke Snyder and Noah Mayer"
""As The World Turns"" was cancelled as of Sept 17, 2010. Luke and Noah's story ended onscreen at WOAK, but as the Executive Producer of the show has said, ""Their relationship will endure."" Same-sex couples on American broadcast television are still rare today. This adds to the inclusion of same-sex pairings being considered ""a very big deal"". When Luke and Noah, a gay male teen couple at the time, were added to the soap opera ""As the World Turns"", the decision especially constituted ""an actual milestone"" in gay visibility, stated Michael Jensen, Editor of AfterElton.com, a website that focuses on

Luke and Noah's lack of airtime as a couple. In June and April, Luke and Noah were showcased in a total of seven episodes, which caused an uproar. Fans began campaigning in various ways in hopes of getting the couple featured more. In contrast to the usual praise for the couple's campaigns, the ""Gay and Lesbian Times"" criticized fans of the couple on September 4, 2008 for their campaign efforts. They called it unbelievable that people counted the number of episodes Luke and Noah appeared in and shared together and that it would be ""easy to laugh at the trivial

Luke Spencer joined the show. The pairing, termed ""Luke and Laura"" by fans, was extremely popular with viewers, and led to the creation of the ""supercouple"" concept, which many other soap operas attempted to emulate. The pairing culminated with the couple's wedding, which took place on the episodes aired on November 16-17, 1981; the November 17 episode was watched by 30 million people, and remains the highest-watched hour in soap opera history. Anthony Geary was originally hired for a 13-week stint on ""General Hospital"" in November 1978, which eventually grew into a full contract role. Geary received Daytime Emmy nominations

Laura awakened in time to protect her daughter from an enraged Scott Baldwin. Scott took revenge on Luke and informed Laura that Luke had been married to Tracy since 2005. Laura eventually reunited with Luke and they share a bittersweet farewell and last kiss before Laura moved to France. Luke reconciled with Tracy on December 31, 2008. On January 15, 2009, Luke caught a thief trying to rob the Haunted Star, the yacht he acquired from the Cassadines in 1984. Ethan gradually revealed himself as the creation of Luke's one night stand with Holly Sutton. Luke was later kidnapped by

at least one kiss. A debate regarding whether or not Luke and Noah would be allowed a sex scene led AfterElton.com to change their ""LipLock Clock"" to a ""Consummation Clock"" which counted how many days the couple had gone without having sex. This was done to try and persuade the producers and writers to portray their relationship with the same freedoms as they would a heterosexual couple. On January 12, 2009, the clock stopped when the couple finally consummated their relationship; they had sex for the first time, which pleased a significant portion of the audience. However, the love scene

views. It has currently been viewed more than 2 million times. Not long after the kiss, ""TV Guide"" named the couple one of soap opera's best supercouples, and ""Entertainment Weekly"" listed their kiss as one of the ""Landmark moments in Gay Hollywood"", later titling the pairing as one of the greatest supercouples in the genre's history. More than six months after the kiss, Luke and Noah had ""overcome Noah's sexual confusion and his stern, homophobic father, who shot Luke on a camping trip, temporarily confining him to a wheelchair. Noah nursed Luke back to health and helped him get back

"Reese Williams and Bianca Montgomery"
were viewers who felt that the wedding ceremony was a ""joyous and celebratory"" landmark, others were left feeling that the show missed an opportunity to make the union memorable when it cut to other story points during the wedding as Reese and Bianca exchanged vows. Following Reese and Bianca's arrival to the series as a couple in October 2008, the writers started building a Zach and Reese friendship. To viewers, the friendship soon became somewhat sexual in nature in what they described as Reese ""giving off a sexual vibe"" whenever around Zach. This perception was intensified once Reese was revealed

keeps Lorelai separate. Lorelai tries to accept this but eventually snaps and issues him an ultimatum. When he doesn't agree to elope, Lorelai goes to Christopher Lorelai and Luke officially split when she tells him she slept with Christopher. Before much time had passed, Christopher convinces Lorelai to try a relationship. The pair spontaneously marry during a trip in Paris, but Lorelai soon accepts that it isn't right and they split amicably. Luke has a custody battle over April, after her mother moves them to New Mexico, and wins the right to see her during holidays. Lane and Zack have

love. They shared in self-discovery, made it through a trying time when Luke was paralyzed from the waist down, celebrated his miraculous recovery, and kissed onscreen. Twice. Then they stopped kissing. And some fans were happy. And some fans got very, very angry."" Addressed was that fans of the romance, referred to as Luke-and-Noah champions by ""Boston Globe"", pointed to two major near-misses since the couple's two onscreen kisses. Once, during an episode of the soap opera near Christmas, Luke and Noah moved toward a kiss, and the camera quickly panned to a mistletoe, an event dubbed ""Mistletoegate"" by frustrated

Mowgli
family. In later stories in The Jungle Book's sequel, ""The Second Jungle Book"", Mowgli learns that the villagers are planning to kill Messua and her husband for harboring him. He rescues them and sends elephants, water buffaloes, and other animals to trample the village and it's fields to the ground. Later, finds and then discards an ancient treasure (""The King's Ankus"") not realising it is so valuable that men would kill to own it. With the aid of Kaa the python, he leads the wolves in a war against the Dhole (""Red Dog""). Finally, Mowgli stumbles across the village where

Mowgli
Mowgli Mowgli is a fictional character and the protagonist of Rudyard Kipling's ""The Jungle Book"" stories. He is a naked feral child from the Pench area in Seoni, India, who originally appeared in Kipling's short story ""In the Rukh"" (collected in ""Many Inventions"", 1893) and then went on to become the most prominent and memorable character in his collections ""The Jungle Book"" and ""The Second Jungle Book"" (1894–1895), which also featured stories about other characters. In the stories, the name Mowgli is said to mean ""frog"", describing his lack of fur. Kipling made up the name, and it ""does not

"Adventures of Mowgli"
Khan through the use of the Red Flower. A terrible threat looms over the wolf tribe and all those living in the jungle. A large pack of dholes descends on the jungle, destroying everything in its path. It seemed that nothing can resist them, but Mowgli comes up as to oppose them. Tabaqui, nosy as always, reports the preparations for war to his master, Shere Khan; who muses the wolves forgot the rules of the jungle. Saying that it's every beast for themselves now, the big cat suggests heading north to wait for the battle to be over with, a

"The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story"
the vulture, and Hathi the elephant. One day, Hathi takes Mowgli for a ride on his back in order to give him a tour of the jungle. Mowgli learns that man poses a danger to the jungle and the animals after seeing part of the jungle destroyed by fire. During a pack meeting, Mowgli and his wolf sister, Little Raksha (both of whom are now older) are chosen to become hunters for the pack, much to the dismay of the wolf bullies. Shere Khan (now wanting revenge after being shot by a human) confronts the wolf pack and demands they

Shere Khan, represents the ""malevolent would-be foster-parent"" who Mowgli in the end outwits and destroys, just as Kipling as a boy had to face Mrs Holloway in place of his parents. Ricketts writes that in ""Mowgli's Brothers"", the hero loses his human parents at the outset, and his wolf fosterers at the conclusion; and Mowgli is again rejected at the end of ""Tiger! Tiger!"", but each time is compensated by ""a queue of would-be foster-parents"" including the wolves, Baloo, Bagheera and Kaa. In Ricketts's view, the power that Mowgli has over all these characters who compete for his affection is

returns to the pack. One night, the wolf bullies team up with Shere Khan to drive Mowgli out of the pack, all believing that man does not belong in a wolf pack. During a hunt, Akela assigns groups for the hunt. Mowgli is teamed with the wolf bullies. They cause him to ruin the hunt, making the pack go hungry. Upset, Mowgli decides to run away from the pack. The next day, Mowgli runs off with some chimpanzees to Monkey Town, for they claim a ""surprise party"". Unbeknown to Mowgli, the chimps have set up a plan with Shere Khan.

he is convinced that the wild Mowgli is dangerous. When Mowgli and Mahala explore the jungle, they discover a hidden chamber in a ruined palace, containing fabulous wealth. Warned by an aged cobra that the wealth brings death, they leave, but Mahala takes one coin as a memento. When Buldeo sees the coin, he tries to force Mowgli to tell him where the treasure is, but Mowgli refuses. Buldeo resolves to follow Mowgli to the site of the treasure. Later Mowgli fights and kills Shere Khan, with some last minute help from Kaa, the python. As he is skinning the

arise. The story starts with a golden jackal named Tabaqui walking towards his master, the dreaded tiger known as Shere Khan, who stretches himself, and then walks to the spot of a camp with Tabaqui guiding him. Out of cruelty and hatred, Shere Khan leaps towards the campsite. Whilst doing so, he accidentally burns his right forepaw, forcing a young child, Mowgli, to wander into a wolf cave in the jungle. At that point, Shere Khan (accompanied by his servant Tabaqui) appears at the entrance and demands that the wolves give him his prey, but the wolf mother Raksha refuses.

Khan falls for Mowgli's trap, a large circle made from vines. With Shere Khan in the circle, Mowgli sets the vines on fire using a match he found at the wooden house back at Monkey Town, trapping Shere Khan by surrounding him with flames. Mowgli then banishes Shere Khan from the jungle as Bagheera, Baloo, Little Raksha, Hathi and the wolf bullies look on. Shere Khan swears never to return to the jungle, so Mowgli allows him to leave. Mowgli is praised by everyone, including the wolf bullies, who admit that they were wrong about him. The role of leader

"The Jungle Book (1994 film)"
befriends a bear cub named Baloo. Twenty years later, Mowgli, now a young man, discovers Monkey City, a legendary ancient city filled with treasure belonging to King Louie the Orangutan, who has his treasure guarded by Kaa the python. Forced to fight for his life, Mowgli succeeds in wounding the snake with a golden dagger that he retrieves from the treasure horde. Winning King Louie's respect, Mowgli keeps the dagger as a trophy. Elsewhere, Katherine and her father are still stationed in India. She and Mowgli meet again, but neither recognize the other. Katherine is also in a relationship with

"Carl Edwards"
Carl Edwards Carl Michael Edwards II (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is well known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate a victory, which was a result of saving himself

"Kyle Busch"
Kyle Busch Kyle Thomas Busch (born May 2, 1985), nicknamed Rowdy, is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 18 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 18 Toyota Supra for JGR. He also owns Kyle Busch Motorsports, which runs multiple trucks in the Gander Outdoors Truck Series and a Super Late Model team. Busch is the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series champion and the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion. Busch is the younger

distance running off the track, but also his sponsors, which included Subway and Vitamin Water. He also appeared on ""Eat Smart, Move More"" Campaign ads in 2007. Season still in progress.<br> Carl Edwards Carl Michael Edwards II (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

"Kyle Busch Motorsports"
Kyle Busch Motorsports Kyle Busch Motorsports (KBM) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, and also fields a Super Late Model team that rotates drivers depending on the time of the season and race. The team is owned and operated by Kyle Busch, a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series champion, and Truck Series driver. The team currently fields the No. 4 Toyota Tundra full-time for Todd Gilliland, the No. 18 Tundra full-time for Harrison Burton, the No. 46 Tundra part-time for Riley Herbst and Brandon Jones,

"Tony Stewart"
IndyCar and NASCAR. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series (now known as the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) during the 2016 season, driving the No. 14 Chevrolet SS for his own team, Stewart-Haas Racing, under crew chief Mike Bugarewicz. From 1999 to 2008, he drove the No. 20 Joe Gibbs Racing car, under crew chief Greg Zipadelli with The Home Depot as the primary sponsor. While driving for car owner Joe Gibbs, Stewart won two Cup Series championships in 2002 and 2005. In 2011, Stewart became the first owner-driver since Alan Kulwicki to win the Cup

owned by Gene and Margaret Haas, which is now driven by Clint Bowyer. He is the owner of the No. 10, driven by Aric Almirola. Additionally, the No. 4 and 41 cars of Kevin Harvick and Kurt Busch were newly added by Stewart-Haas Racing in 2014. Harvick, in his first year with Stewart-Haas, won the Sprint Cup Championship in 2014. Stewart-Haas Racing switched to Ford in 2017. Stewart has won USAC car owner titles in the Silver Crown division in 2002 and 2003 with J. J. Yeley, in 2004 with Dave Steele and 2010 and 2011 with Levi Jones of

"Harrison Burton"
Harrison Burton Harrison Brian Burton (born October 9, 2000) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 18 Toyota Tundra for Kyle Busch Motorsports, part-time in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East, driving the No. 12 Toyota Camry for MDM Motorsports, and part-time in the ARCA Racing Series, driving the No. 12 Camry for MDM Motorsports. Burton's racing career started off when he received a go-kart at age two, which later turned in to a quarter midget at age four. After starting to race them at

"Front Row Motorsports"
Daugherty Racing following the conclusion of the 2016 season. It was announced on December 16, 2016 that Landon Cassill would shift over from the #38 car to replace Buescher. After only one year of having Cassill in the car, it was announced on October 10, 2017, that he would not be returning to the car or Front Row Motorsports. Michael McDowell was later announced as his replacement. The No. 35 car began as the No. 55 Ford Fusion in June 2011. It debuted at New Hampshire Motor Speedway with Jeff Green starting and parking. J. J. Yeley and Travis Kvapil

"Bobby Labonte"
Bobby Labonte Robert Allen Labonte (born May 8, 1964) is an American professional stock car racing driver. The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion, he currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series, driving the No. 18 Toyota for RDV Competition, and is an analyst on ""NASCAR RaceDay"" for FOX Sports. He and his older brother, Terry Labonte, are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships (along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch). He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte. Labonte is the first driver to

Front Row Motorsports Front Row Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. The team began running part-time in 2004 as Means-Jenkins Motorsports under a partnership with Jimmy Means and restaurant entrepreneur Bob Jenkins, with Jenkins becoming the full team owner in 2005. The team currently fields the No. 34 Ford Mustang full-time for Michael McDowell, the No. 36 Mustang full-time for Matt Tifft, and the No. 38 Mustang full-time for David Ragan. Front Row has become known as one of the more prominent small-budget teams in the Cup

"The Wire"
written by Tom Waits for his 1987 album ""Franks Wild Years"". Each season uses a different recording and a different opening sequence, with the theme being performed by The Blind Boys of Alabama, Waits, The Neville Brothers, DoMaJe and Steve Earle. The season four version of ""Way Down in the Hole"" was arranged and recorded for the show and is performed by five Baltimore teenagers: Ivan Ashford, Markel Steele, Cameron Brown, Tariq Al-Sabir and Avery Bargasse. Earle, who performed the fifth season version, is also a member of the cast, playing the recovering drug addict Walon. The closing theme is

"Way Down in the Hole"
Way Down in the Hole ""Way Down in the Hole"" is a song written by the singer-songwriter Tom Waits. It was included on his 1987 album ""Franks Wild Years"", which was later made into a stage production. The song was used as the theme for HBO's ""The Wire"". A different recording was used each season. Versions, in series order, were recorded by The Blind Boys of Alabama, Tom Waits, The Neville Brothers, DoMaJe, and Steve Earle. Season four's version, performed by the Baltimore teenagers Ivan Ashford, Markel Steele, Cameron Brown, Tariq Al-Sabir and Avery Bargasse, was arranged and recorded specifically

"Washington Square Serenade"
Washington Square Serenade Washington Square Serenade is the 12th studio album by alternative country singer Steve Earle, released in 2007. The album features the singer's wife Allison Moorer on the track ""Days Aren't Long Enough,"" and the Brazilian group Forro in the Dark on the track ""City of Immigrants."" The track ""Way Down in the Hole,"" by Tom Waits, was used as the opening theme song for the fifth and final season of the HBO series ""The Wire"", on which Earle plays a recurring character named Walon. The album was released on September 25, 2007, on New West Records. In

February 2008 it won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album. ""All songs written by Steve Earle unless otherwise noted."" Washington Square Serenade Washington Square Serenade is the 12th studio album by alternative country singer Steve Earle, released in 2007. The album features the singer's wife Allison Moorer on the track ""Days Aren't Long Enough,"" and the Brazilian group Forro in the Dark on the track ""City of Immigrants."" The track ""Way Down in the Hole,"" by Tom Waits, was used as the opening theme song for the fifth and final season of the HBO series ""The Wire"", on

for the show. An extended version of the Blind Boys of Alabama recording was played over a montage in the series finale. Way Down in the Hole ""Way Down in the Hole"" is a song written by the singer-songwriter Tom Waits. It was included on his 1987 album ""Franks Wild Years"", which was later made into a stage production. The song was used as the theme for HBO's ""The Wire"". A different recording was used each season. Versions, in series order, were recorded by The Blind Boys of Alabama, Tom Waits, The Neville Brothers, DoMaJe, and Steve Earle. Season four's

"The Wire (season 5)"
Reddick as Colonel Cedric Daniels; and Sonja Sohn as Detective Kima Greggs. In the political storyline, Aidan Gillen returned as ambitious Mayor Tommy Carcetti; as well as Reg E. Cathey as political aide Norman Wilson; and Domenick Lombardozzi as troubled defense investigator Thomas ""Herc"" Hauk. In the street, Jamie Hector returned as West-side drug kingpin Marlo Stanfield. Also returning for the street storyline were Andre Royo as heroin addict Bubbles; and Michael K. Williams as underworld legend Omar Little. Former recurring characters who joined the main cast were Tristan Wilds as Michael Lee, Gbenga Akinnagbe as Chris Partlow, Jermaine Crawford

"Glee: The Music, Volume 5"
released as singles, and have managed to place on several national record charts. The album features music starting from ""Glee"" post-Super Bowl episode. American actress Gwyneth Paltrow, who made an appearance in an earlier episode covering Cee Lo Green's ""Forget You!"", returns for three additional songs. ""Glee: The Music, Volume 5"", announced in a press release on February 22, 2011, features the series' first original songs. ""Loser Like Me"" is performed by the main glee club New Directions, with Lea Michele and Cory Monteith, as Rachel Berry and Finn Hudson, on lead vocals. Described by ""Glee"" music supervisor Adam Anders

"The Wire"
""The Fall,"" composed by Blake Leyh, who is also the music supervisor of the show. During season finales, a song is played before the closing scene in a montage showing the lives of the protagonists in the aftermath of the narrative. The first season montage is played over ""Step by Step"" by Jesse Winchester, the second ""I Feel Alright"" by Steve Earle, the third ""Fast Train"" written by Van Morrison and performed by Solomon Burke, the fourth ""I Walk on Gilded Splinters"" written by Dr. John and performed by Paul Weller and the fifth uses an extended version of ""Way

episode ""Took,"" Belzer made a cameo appearance as John Munch, the police detective he has portrayed since 1993 on ""Homicide"" (1993–1999) and """" (1999–2013). The majority of the starring cast from the fourth season returned. On the police front, Dominic West returned as Jimmy McNulty with a larger storyline than the fourth season; John Doman as Deputy Commissioner William Rawls; Seth Gilliam as Western district Sergeant Ellis Carver; Corey Parker Robinson as Major Case Unit detective Leander Sydnor; Deirdre Lovejoy as prosecutor Rhonda Pearlman; Clarke Peters as veteran Detective Lester Freamon; Wendell Pierce as veteran homicide Detective Bunk Moreland; Lance

star Clark Johnson also helmed the final episode after previously directing the pilot. Other returning directors for the fifth season included Ernest Dickerson, Anthony Hemingway, Agnieszka Holland, Dan Attias, and Seith Mann. Series star Dominic West made his directorial debut. Husband and wife directing team Scott and Joy Kecken were also first time directors on the fifth season. The fifth season received widespread acclaim from critics, scoring 89 out of 100 based on 24 reviews on Metacritic. Matt Roush of ""TV Guide"" favorably reviewed the series calling it ""brilliantly bleak"" and a ""landmark series."" Brian Lowry of ""Variety"" characterised the

"Dougray Scott"
of twins, Eden and Gabriel Trevis Scott (b. 1998), with former wife Sarah Trevis. On 8 June 2007, he married actress Claire Forlani in Italy. They have an adopted son named Milo, born 27 December 2014. Dougray is also a fan of scottish football team Hibernian FC. Dougray Scott Stephen Dougray Scott (, born 26 November 1965) is a Scottish actor. Scott was born 26 November 1965 in Glenrothes, Fife, the son of Elma, a nurse, and Alan Scott, a travelling salesman of refrigerators and freezers, and a former actor. He attended Auchmuty High School. Adopting his stage name from

"The Mask"
""The Mask"" was released in the United States on July 29, 1994, starring Jim Carrey in the title role. Directed by Chuck Russell, the film co-starred Peter Greene as Dorian Tyrell, Peter Riegert as Lt. Mitch Kellaway, Orestes Matacena as Niko, Richard Jeni as Charlie Schumacher, Amy Yasbeck as Peggy Brandt, and Cameron Diaz, in her screen debut, as Tina Carlyle. Ben Stein has a cameo role as Dr. Arthur Neuman. While there were early efforts to take the film in the direction of horror (some at New Line Cinema saw it as a replacement for their fading ""A Nightmare

Dougray Scott Stephen Dougray Scott (, born 26 November 1965) is a Scottish actor. Scott was born 26 November 1965 in Glenrothes, Fife, the son of Elma, a nurse, and Alan Scott, a travelling salesman of refrigerators and freezers, and a former actor. He attended Auchmuty High School. Adopting his stage name from his grandmother's surname, ""Dougray"", he enrolled in a foundation course in drama before going on to attend the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in Cardiff from 1984 to 1987; here, he earned the college's Most Promising Drama Student award. In 1988, he moved to London.

James Nesbitt William James Nesbitt, (born 15 January 1965) is an actor and presenter from Northern Ireland. Born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Nesbitt grew up in the nearby village of Broughshane, before moving to Coleraine, County Londonderry. He wanted to become a teacher like his father, so he began a degree in French at the University of Ulster. He dropped out after a year when he decided to become an actor, and transferred to the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. After graduating in 1987, he spent seven years performing in plays that varied from the musical ""Up

"The Mask (film)"
and best friend Charlie Schumaker (Richard Jeni). Meanwhile, gangster Dorian Tyrell (Peter Greene), owner of the Coco Bongo nightclub, plots to overthrow his boss Niko (Orestes Matacena). One day, Tyrell sends his singer girlfriend Tina Carlyle (Cameron Diaz) into Stanley's bank to record its layout, in preparation to rob the bank. Stanley is attracted to Tina, and she seems to reciprocate. Unable to enter the Coco Bongo to watch Tina perform, Stanley finds a wooden mask near the city's harbor. Placing it on his face transforms him into a bizarre, wisecracking green-faced zoot-suited trickster known as ""The Mask"", who is

Terry-Thomas
played by Martin Jarvis and Alistair McGowan respectively. Notes References Terry-Thomas Terry-Thomas (born Thomas Terry Hoar-Stevens; 14 July 19118 January 1990) was an English comedian and character actor who became known to a worldwide audience through his films during the 1950s and 1960s. He often portrayed disreputable members of the upper classes, especially cads, toffs and bounders, using his distinctive voice; his costume and props tended to include a monocle, waistcoat and cigarette holder. His striking dress sense was set off by a gap between his two upper front teeth. Born in London, Terry-Thomas made his film debut, uncredited, in

this on."" He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to drama and to the community in Northern Ireland. James Nesbitt William James Nesbitt, (born 15 January 1965) is an actor and presenter from Northern Ireland. Born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Nesbitt grew up in the nearby village of Broughshane, before moving to Coleraine, County Londonderry. He wanted to become a teacher like his father, so he began a degree in French at the University of Ulster. He dropped out after a year when he decided to become

"Dan Stevens"
Eden (born 2016), and a son, Aubrey (born 2012). Actress Rebecca Hall is godmother to his daughter Willow. Stevens endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series ""Downton Abbey"" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film ""The Guest"" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film """" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of ""Beauty and the Beast"" (2017), Lorin Willis

"Peter Greene"
Peter Greene Peter Greene (born Peter Green; October 8, 1965) is an American character actor, generally known for playing villains. A native of Montclair, New Jersey, Greene did not pursue a career in acting until his mid 20s. He initially landed several roles in cinema and television in the early 1990s. Greene had roles in ""Pulp Fiction"", ""The Mask"", ""Clean, Shaven"", and ""The Usual Suspects"" in 1994 and 1995. In ""Pulp Fiction"", Greene appeared as Zed who rapes Marsellus Wallace. ""The Mask"" saw him play the villainous Dorian Tyrell opposite Jim Carrey and Cameron Diaz. Greene played the schizophrenic Peter

"Matthew James Thomas"
The musical was nominated for a total of 10 awards and won 4. Thomas' performance in ""Pippin"" earned him a nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical by the Outer Critics Circle Awards. In 2015, Thomas was nominated for the Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical (HAYES Production) for his performance in ""Diner"". Matthew James Thomas Matthew James Thomas (born 3 March 1988), also occasionally credited as Matthew Thomas, is a British actor who has made appearances in television, film, and theater. He is known for his television roles including the BAFTA and Emmy Award-winning,

"India's Next Superstars"
India's Next Superstars India's Next Superstars (INS) is an Indian talent-search reality TV show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj were declared winners of the 2018 season. Shruti Sharma won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma. Ten males and ten females live together and are judged on the basis of their performances in acting and dancing assignments, with contestants

"Rising Star (Indian TV series)"
show is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, winning Rs. 20 lakhs and the opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The second season of ""Rising Star"" was started on 20 January 2018. The expert panel remains the same, with Mahadevan, Thakur and Dosanjh. The second season is hosted by television actor Ravi Dubey. The registration of the third of Rising Star started from 16 December 2019.Audition and Casting are underway. In contrast to other singing competition TV

Rising Star (Indian TV series) Rising Star is an Indian version of the international franchise series ""Rising Star"", a reality television singing competition. The program format lets viewers vote for contestants live via the television channel's mobile app. This is the first reality television show in India which involves live audience voting. The show premiered on 4 February 2017 on Colors TV and airs on weekends at 9:00 pm. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh are the experts in the show. This show marks Dosanjh's television debut. The

"Indian Idol Junior"
a substitute judge for Shreya Ghoshal during an episode. Guests included Farhan Akhtar, Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, and Bappi Lahiri. Shahrukh Khan, Rohit Shetty and Deepika Padukone featured as special guests to promote their upcoming film ""Chennai Express"". The top 11 contestants were invited back to perform for the grand finale. Shahid Kapoor, Ram Charan and Priyanka Chopra were also present. Amitabh Bachchan gave away the first Indian Idol Junior trophy to Anjana Padmanaban. Ananya Sritam Nanda, from Bhubaneshwar, was the winner. The judges were Salim Merchant, Sonakshi Sinha and Vishal Dadlani. Shalmali Kholgade had appeared for the preliminary selection rounds,

television debut. The show is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, won Rs. 20 lakhs and also an opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The Live auditions began on 4 February 2017 and lasted for 8 episodes. The top 30 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 4 March 2017. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. Episode 9: 4 March 2017

Rising Star India (season 1) Rising Star is an Indian version of the international franchise series ""Rising Star"", a reality television singing competition. The program format lets the viewers vote for contestants live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 4 February 2017 on Colors TV and airs on weekends at 9:00 pm. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh are the experts in the show. This show marks as Diljit Dosanjh's

"Super Dancer"
Name 2018 Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are

"Indian Idol"
2012, the judges selected the top 16 contestants to perform in the Gala Rounds. These contestants were: The top 3 contestants were Amit Kumar, Devendra Pal Singh and Vipul Mehta. Vipul Mehta was declared as the winner of Indian Idol 6. The show made a comeback on Indian Television after a gap of four years in 2016. Sonu Nigam was one of the judges this season. He made a comeback to the show after a decade. Other judges of the show are Anu Malik and Farah Khan. LV Revanth from Visakhapatnam is the winner of this season. LV Revanth is

where did an independence movement occur because of the congress of vienna

"Congress of Vienna"
remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe. France lost all its recent conquests while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west, Swedish Pomerania and 60% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium. The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and

surrender in May 1814, which brought an end to 25 years of nearly continuous war. Negotiations continued despite the outbreak of fighting triggered by Napoleon's dramatic return from exile and resumption of power in France during the Hundred Days of March to July 1815. The Congress's ""final act"" was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815. The Congress has often been criticized for causing the subsequent suppression of the emerging national and liberal movements, and it has been seen as a reactionary movement for the benefit of traditional monarchs. However, others praise it for

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna () also called Vienna Congress, was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other and

Congress of Vienna preserved the balance of power in Europe, it could not check the spread of revolutionary movements across the continent some 30 years later. Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna () also called Vienna Congress, was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars

and special interest groups – e.g., a delegation representing German publishers, demanding a copyright law and freedom of the press. The Congress was noted for its lavish entertainment: according to a famous joke it did not move, but danced. Initially, the representatives of the four victorious powers hoped to exclude the French from serious participation in the negotiations, but Talleyrand skillfully managed to insert himself into ""her inner councils"" in the first weeks of negotiations. He allied himself to a Committee of Eight lesser powers (including Spain, Sweden, and Portugal) to control the negotiations. Once Talleyrand was able to use

"Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire"
the radicals in September rather than let the events erupt into violent confrontations. Shortly thereafter, the final break between Vienna and Pest occurred when Field Marshal Count Franz Philipp von Lamberg was given control of all armies in Hungary (including Jelačić's). In response to Lamberg being attacked on arrival in Hungary a few days later, the imperial court ordered the Hungarian parliament and government dissolved. Jelačić was appointed to take Lamberg's place. War between Austria and Hungary had officially begun. The war led to the October Crisis in Vienna, when insurgents attacked a garrison on its way to Hungary to

"Vienna Uprising"
Auersperg, was obliged to evacuate the city, but he entrenched himself in a strong position outside it. On 7 October, Emperor Ferdinand I fled with his court to (now Olomouc, Czech Republic) under the protection of Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz. Two weeks later, the Austrian Parliament was moved to (now Kroměříž, Czech Republic). On 26 October, under the command of General Windisch-Grätz and Count Josip Jelačić, the Austrian and Croatian armies started a bombardment of Vienna, and they stormed the city centre on the 31st. The defence was led by the Polish General Józef Bem. Except for him, who

"First Congress of Vienna"
ultimately increased the power of the Habsburgs and diminished that of the Jagiellonians. Maximilian had been supporting Vasili III of the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Jagiellonian rulers of Lithuania, Poland, Hungary and Bohemia, to advance the Habsburg claims to the succession in Hungary and Bohemia. The Jagiellonians had been facing simultaneous threats on all fronts, from the Emperor, the Russians, the Teutonic Order under Albert of Prussia, and the Crimean Tatars. The city of Smolensk fell to the Russians in 1514, and Maximilian planned a congress to cement his claims in central Europe. However, Lithuanian and Polish forces

this committee to make himself a part of the inner negotiations, he then left it, once again abandoning his allies. The major Allies' indecision on how to conduct their affairs without provoking a united protest from the lesser powers led to the calling of a preliminary conference on protocol, to which Talleyrand and the Marquis of Labrador, Spain's representative, were invited on 30 September 1814. Congress Secretary Friedrich von Gentz reported, ""The intervention of Talleyrand and Labrador has hopelessly upset all our plans. Talleyrand protested against the procedure we have adopted and soundly [be]rated us for two hours. It was

"History of Vienna"
Creditanstalt bank in Vienna was confiscated by the Nazis in 1938. After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna took place from September 18, 1814 to June 9, 1815, in which the political map of Europe was redrawn. The congress members indulged in many social events, which induced the witty Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne to famously say: ""Le congres danse beaucoup, mais il ne marche pas"" (""The congress dances, but does not progress""). The events cost Austria a great deal of money, which was reflected in mockery about the major participants: The first half of the century was characterised

"It Happened at the World's Fair"
through the fountains at what is now the Pacific Science Center. The hitchhiking scene with Elvis and Gary Lockwood was filmed near Camarillo, California, as were some of the flying scenes. The entire hitchhiking scene to the point where they are both picked up by Kam Tong and Vicky Tiu Cayetano in the truck is easily recognizable as 5th Street near Pleasant Valley Road on the South side of Camarillo. While ""The Elvis Encyclopedia"" believes that the Wilburton Trestle was shown in the movie, further evidence points to a different location. It is actually a trestle over the White River

It Happened at the World's Fair It Happened at the World's Fair is a 1963 American musical film starring Elvis Presley as a cropdusting pilot. It was filmed in Seattle, Washington, site of the ""Century 21 Exposition"", the 1962 World's Fair. The governor of Washington at the time, Albert Rosellini, suggested the setting to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer executives. The film made $2.25 million at the box office. Pilot Mike Edwards finds himself in a dilemma, his partner and friend Danny, gambles away the money Mike had set aside to pay their debts. Since they lost their money and a $1,200 debt, the

between Enumclaw and Buckley, now demolished. The view in the movie was taken at the intersection of Mud Mountain Road and Highway 410, looking southeasterly. Mount Rainier is visible in the background, which isn't seen at that angle from the Wilburton Trestle. The Wilburton Trestle is actually bigger than the White River Trestle, at six sections high. The trestle pictured in the movie is only four sections high at the road crossing. Eugene Archer of ""The New York Times"" wrote, ""Elvis Presley's budding dramatic talents have been neatly nipped in the Seattle story, which emerges as a dismal parody of

local sheriff takes possession of their plane, Bessie, a Boeing-Stearman Model 75 cropduster. If they cannot come up with the money in twelve days, Bessie will be auctioned off to the highest bidder. Mike and Danny become reluctant hitchhikers, looking for a lift to anywhere. They are picked up by apple farmer Walter Ling and his niece Sue-Lin. They end up in Seattle, Washington, location of the 1962 World's Fair. When the uncle is called away on business, Danny persuades Mike to take Sue-Lin to tour the local World's Fair. It is during a visit to the doctor at the

illness so that nurse Diane will come to their apartment and examine her and see Mike again. When Diane discovers that Mike has no kinship to Sue-Lin, she wants to inform the Welfare Board so that Sue-Lin can be removed from Mike and Danny's apartment. There is a mysterious nightfall plane delivery for Mike's and Danny's friend Vince, who is smuggling valuable furs. The film ends with Mike and Diane in love. The Seattle Center, including the Seattle Center Monorail and the Space Needle, serve as backdrops for several scenes in the film. Security officers pursue Presley and the girl

Richmond, Virginia, and shipped to Richmond in 1941. The school still uses the building for its home basketball games. After the Fair, the Temple was again disassembled, and placed in storage for many years. There were proposals to erect it at Oberlin College, Harvard University, Indiana University, and elsewhere, but they all failed for lack of funding. In 1984, the approximately 28,000 pieces were shipped to the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, Sweden, with plans to rebuild it in a nearby park, but objections from the neighboring Chinese Embassy have stalled the project indefinitely. Some of the buildings from the

"1964 New York World's Fair"
in all cultures, and it won a special award from the New York Film Critics Circle and the 1966 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject). The fair is remembered as the venue that Walt Disney used to design and perfect his system of ""Audio-Animatronics"", in which electromechanical actuators and computers control the movement of lifelike robots to act out scenes. WED Enterprises designed and created four shows at the fair: WED also created the ""Tower of the Four Winds"" which was located at the ""It's a Small World"" pavilion. In addition, costumed versions of Walt Disney's famous cartoon characters

plot and picture from gathering momentum."" John L. Scott of the ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote that ""it must be said that unless you're a Presley fan, the 10 songs he offers while plinking a guitar or ukulele can grow tedious, while the frivolous backgrounding story is turned on and off between tunes."" The film was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on August 7, 2007 as a Region 1 Widescreen DVD. It Happened at the World's Fair It Happened at the World's Fair is a 1963 American musical film starring Elvis Presley as a cropdusting pilot. It was filmed

"Century 21 Exposition"
Fitzgerald. Also during the fair, Memorial Stadium hosted the Ringling Brothers Circus, Tommy Bartlett's Water Ski Sky and Stage Show, Roy Rogers and Dale Evans' Western Show, and an appearance by evangelist Billy Graham. The fair and the city were the setting of the Elvis Presley movie ""It Happened at the World's Fair"" (1963), with a young Kurt Russell making his first screen appearance. Location shooting began on September 4 and concluded nearly two weeks later. The film would be released the following spring, long after the fair had ended. At the northeast corner of the grounds (now the KCTS-TV

pavilion was designed by the Japanese architect and photographer Iwao Yamawaki, who studied at the Bauhaus school in Germany in the early 1930s. The Jewish Palestine Pavilion introduced the world to the concept of a modern Jewish state, which a decade later became Israel. The pavilion featured a monumental hammered copper relief sculpture on its façade titled ""The Scholar, The Laborer, and the Toiler of the Soil"" by the noted Art Deco sculptor Maurice Ascalon. The Second Polish Republic prepared some 200 tons of various works of art. In mid-February 1939, all items were transported by train to the port

"Make You Feel My Love"
Make You Feel My Love ""Make You Feel My Love"" is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album ""Time Out of Mind"" (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title ""To Make You Feel My Love"", before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Shane Filan, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on

was released on music channels in late September 2008 and continues to be featured on her website. Digital download Digital download CD single ""19"" version ""19 Deluxe"" version ""Chimes of Freedom"" live version ""Live at the Royal Albert Hall"" live version ""Make You Feel My Love"" has also been recorded by: Josh Kelley's version appeared on """" Make You Feel My Love ""Make You Feel My Love"" is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album ""Time Out of Mind"" (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title ""To Make You Feel My Love"", before

"Feel Your Love"
Feel Your Love ""Feel Your Love"" is a pop-dance and new jack swing song co-written by Alanis Morissette and Leslie Howe, and produced by Howe for Morissette's debut album, ""Alanis"" (1991). Its protagonist tells a boy she has ""got this thing"" for him, and that ""it's drivin' me right out of my mind ... I wanna feel your love; you know this waitin' for you boy I can't stand"". Morissette's brothers Chad and Wade provided some of the song's backing vocals. It was released as the album's third single in 1991 (see 1991 in music) and was the second commercial

"I Feel for You"
I Feel for You ""I Feel for You"" is a song written by Prince that originally appeared on his 1979 self-titled album. The most successful and best-known version was recorded by R&B singer Chaka Khan and appeared on her 1984 album ""I Feel for You"". Prince, as songwriter, won the 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Prince originally recorded the song containing disco music for his eponymous second album, released in 1979. He uses the falsetto vocal with the melody range between C and C. However, the song and ""I Wanna Be Your Lover"", a hit song of Prince's

"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Can You Feel the Love Tonight ""Can You Feel the Love Tonight"" is a song from Disney's 1994 animated film ""The Lion King"" composed by Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice. It was described by Don Hahn (the film's producer), Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff (the film's directors) as having ""the most diverse history"" in the film. It was a chart hit in the UK, peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, and achieved even more success in the US, reaching number four on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song was a number-one hit in Canada and

"I Feel Love"
I Feel Love ""I Feel Love"" is a song by American recording artist Donna Summer, produced by Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. It was first released on Summer's fifth studio album, ""I Remember Yesterday"" (1977). The song became popular during the disco period and is widely credited as ""one of the most influential records ever made"", originating electronic dance music. Moroder described Summer's work with him on the song as ""really the start of electronic dance"" music. In 2011, the Library of Congress added the song to the National Recording Registry as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically important"". In 1970s Munich,

"Feel (Robbie Williams song)"
Feel (Robbie Williams song) ""Feel"" is a song by British singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 18 November 2002 as the lead single from his fifth studio album, ""Escapology"" (2002). The song became an international hit, reaching the top of the charts in Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and top five positions in countries such as Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. ""Feel"" was written by Robbie Williams and Guy Chambers. According to Williams, most of the vocals are from the original demo recording, as he felt unsatisfied with the re-recorded vocals. He commented, ""I just couldn't

with a disc jockey and break dancers Shabba Doo, Boogaloo Shrimp, Bruno Falcon and Ana Sánchez, all of whom appeared in the movie ""Breakin'"". A remixed version of the video was created to match the 12"" vinyl version of the single. I Feel for You ""I Feel for You"" is a song written by Prince that originally appeared on his 1979 self-titled album. The most successful and best-known version was recorded by R&B singer Chaka Khan and appeared on her 1984 album ""I Feel for You"". Prince, as songwriter, won the 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Prince originally

General Can You Feel the Love Tonight ""Can You Feel the Love Tonight"" is a song from Disney's 1994 animated film ""The Lion King"" composed by Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice. It was described by Don Hahn (the film's producer), Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff (the film's directors) as having ""the most diverse history"" in the film. It was a chart hit in the UK, peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, and achieved even more success in the US, reaching number four on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song was a number-one hit in Canada

"(Can You) Feel the Passion"
(Can You) Feel the Passion ""(Can You) Feel the Passion"" is a 1991 rave-theme House song recorded, written, and produced by the American/British group Blue Pearl. The single is to date the act's second best known song after Naked In The Rain. Can You Feel The Passion had better success in the United States, hitting No. 1 on both Billboard's Hot Dance Club Play chart and the UK Dance Chart in 1992, while reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart. The single is done in a spoken word type manner by lead singer Durga McBroom, while the hook, riffs,

"Shirley Henderson"
Shirley Henderson Shirley Henderson (born 24 November 1965) is a Scottish actress. Her film roles include playing Gail in ""Trainspotting"" (1996), Jude in the three ""Bridget Jones"" films (2001/04/16), and Moaning Myrtle in ""Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"" (2002) and ""Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire"" (2005). Her other films include ""Topsy-Turvy"" (1999), ""Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself"" (2002), ""Frozen"" (2005), ""Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day"" (2008), ""Anna Karenina"" (2012), and the Netflix film ""Okja"" (2017). Henderson starred opposite Robert Carlyle in the BBC series ""Hamish Macbeth"" (1995–97), and played Frances Drummond in the BBC drama

"Miss Potter"
Miss Potter Miss Potter is a 2006 British biographical fiction family drama film directed by Chris Noonan. It is a biographical film of children's author and illustrator Beatrix Potter, and combines stories from her own life with animated sequences featuring characters from her stories, such as Peter Rabbit. Scripted by Richard Maltby, Jr., the director of the Tony-winning Broadway revue, ""Fosse"", the film stars Renée Zellweger in the title role; Ewan McGregor as her publisher and fiancé, Norman Warne; and Lloyd Owen as solicitor William Heelis. Emily Watson stars as Warne's sister, Millie. Lucy Boynton also stars as the young

"Fiona Shaw"
Fiona Shaw Fiona Shaw (born Fiona Mary Wilson; 10 July 1958) is an Irish actress and theatre and opera director, known for her role as Petunia Dursley in the ""Harry Potter"" film series and her role as Marnie Stonebrook in season four of the HBO series ""True Blood"" (2011). She has worked extensively with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre, twice winning the Olivier Award for Best Actress; for various roles including ""Electra"" in 1990, and for ""Machinal"" in 1994. She won the 1997 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance for ""The Waste Land"". Her other stage

"Bonnie Wright"
Bonnie Wright Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is an English actress, film director, screenwriter, model and producer. She is best known for playing the role of Ginny Weasley in the ""Harry Potter"" film series, based on the novel series of the same name by J. K. Rowling. Bonnie Wright was born in London, the second child of Sheila Teague and Gary Wright, owners of the jewellery company Wright & Teague. Her older brother, Lewis, encouraged her to audition for the role of Ginny Weasley as he saw Ginny inside Bonnie. Wright attended Prior Weston Primary School and later

ultimately played by Hero Fiennes-Tiffin as a child and Frank Dillane as a teenager. Helen McCrory appears as Narcissa Malfoy, Draco's mother and younger sister of Bellatrix. McCrory was originally cast as Bellatrix in ""Order of the Phoenix"", but had to drop out due to pregnancy. Naomi Watts was previously reported as having accepted the role, only for it to be denied by her agency. Both Clémence Poésy, who had played Fleur Delacour, and Chris Rankin, who had played Percy Weasley, were interested in returning, but did not appear in the film. After Bill Nighy expressed an interest in appearing,

"Rebecca Callard"
and her younger son, George, are such Harry Potter fans that she would have been tempted to ""hound him with questions"". Rebecca Callard Rebecca Jayne Callard is an English actress from Leeds and is the daughter of actress Beverley Callard. She was born Rebecca Jayne Atkinson, the only surviving child from her mother's first marriage to Paul Atkinson. Her parents divorced in 1978, and her mother remarried three times, to David Sowden, Steven Callard, and Jon McEwan. As a young actor, Rebecca was credited in early roles as ""Rebecca Sowden""; she changed her stage name to ""Rebecca Callard"" following her

"Kelly Macdonald"
New York City. They separated in 2017. Eastwood High School, where she was a pupil, has a Drama Studio And Theatre named in her honour. Kelly Macdonald Kelly Macdonald (born 23 February 1976) is a Scottish actress who is best known for her roles in the films ""Trainspotting"" (1996), ""Gosford Park"" (2001), ""Intermission"" (2003), ""Nanny McPhee"" (2005), ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" (2011), and ""Brave"" (2012). For the 2005 TV film ""The Girl in the Cafe"", she was nominated for a Golden Globe and won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or

"Helen McCrory"
live in north London. She is an honorary patron of the London children's charity Scene & Heard. McCrory was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to drama. Helen McCrory Helen Elizabeth McCrory (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress. McCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both ""The Queen"" (2006) and ""The Special Relationship"" (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film ""Charlotte Gray"" (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three ""Harry Potter"" films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film ""Hugo"" (2011), Clair Dowar in the James

"Amanda Hale"
mother of Henry VII, in the BBC series ""The White Queen"", based on Philippa Gregory's bestselling historical novel series ""The Cousins' War"". In the same year, she starred as Elinor Dashwood in Helen Edmundson's BBC Radio 4 adaptation of ""Sense and Sensibility"". Amanda Hale Amanda Hale (born 2 October 1982) is a British actress. Hale is one of four children born to Irish immigrant parents in northwest London. Her cousin is scientist Martin Glennie. She had been due to go to Oxford University to read English but changed her mind and decided to become an actress. Hale trained at the

Kelly Macdonald Kelly Macdonald (born 23 February 1976) is a Scottish actress who is best known for her roles in the films ""Trainspotting"" (1996), ""Gosford Park"" (2001), ""Intermission"" (2003), ""Nanny McPhee"" (2005), ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2"" (2011), and ""Brave"" (2012). For the 2005 TV film ""The Girl in the Cafe"", she was nominated for a Golden Globe and won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. In 2003, she appeared in the acclaimed BBC miniseries ""State of Play"" as journalist Della Smith. For her role in the 2007 film ""No

Stomach
Stomach The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, ""stomachos,"" ""stoma"" means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital digestive organ. In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing). In humans and many other animals, the stomach is located between the oesophagus and the small intestine. It secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid to aid in food digestion. The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from

Stomach
region), at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach, and the pyloric sphincter at the junction of the stomach with the duodenum. The stomach is surrounded by parasympathetic (stimulant) and sympathetic (inhibitor) plexuses (networks of blood vessels and nerves in the anterior gastric, posterior, superior and inferior, celiac and myenteric), which regulate both the secretory activity of the stomach and the motor (motion) activity of its muscles. In adult humans, the stomach has a relaxed, near empty volume of about 75 millilitres. Because it is a organ, it normally expands to hold about one litre of food. The stomach of

Stomach
the stomach into the duodenum where peristalsis takes over to move this through the rest of the intestines. In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. Lying behind the stomach is the pancreas. A large double fold of visceral peritoneum called the greater omentum hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach. Two sphincters keep the contents of the stomach contained; the lower oesophageal sphincter (found in the cardiac

Stomach
the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa. In birds and crocodilians, the stomach is divided into two regions. Anteriorly is a narrow tubular region, the proventriculus, lined by fundic glands, and connecting the true stomach to the crop. Beyond lies the powerful muscular gizzard, lined by pyloric glands, and, in some species, containing stones that the animal swallows to help grind up food. In insects there is also a crop. The insect stomach is called the midgut. Information about the stomach in echinoderms or molluscs can be found under the respective articles. Stomach The stomach

Stomach
food, or no pre-digestion with gastric juices, or both. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in humans. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach,

Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward

Stomach
and the lamina propria (composed of loose connective tissue), with a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosae separating it from the submucosa beneath. The submucosa lies under the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue, separating the mucosa from the next layer. Meissner's plexus is in this layer. The muscularis externa lies beneath the submucosa and is unique from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, consisting of three layers: The stomach also possesses a serosa, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. In humans, different types of cells are found at the different layers

Stomach
or compound racemose resembling the duodenal Brunner's glands The ""fundic glands"", are found in the fundus and body of the stomach. They are simple almost straight tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct. They secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. The ""pyloric glands"" are located in the antrum of the pylorus. They secrete gastrin produced by their G cells. About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and nearly 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal stomach. Just over 150 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the stomach compared

Stomach
a newborn human baby will only be able to retain about 30 millilitres. In classical anatomy the human stomach is divided into four sections, beginning at the cardia, each of which has different cells and functions. The cardia is defined as the region following the ""z-line"" of the gastroesophageal junction, the point at which the epithelium changes from stratified squamous to columnar. Near the cardia is the lower oesophageal sphincter. Recent research has shown that the cardia is not an anatomically distinct region of the stomach but a region of the oesophageal lining damaged by reflux. The lesser curvature of

"2018 Men's Hockey World Cup Final"
tied at 2–2, the match headed to sudden death penalty shoot-out. Belgium went first in the sudden death and scored through van Aubel. The Netherlands used their referral again appealing for obstruction but the video umpire ruled in favor of Belgium. Hertzberger, needing to score to keep the Netherlands alive, was forced wide by Vanasch and missed his shot, giving Belgium a 3–2 victory and their maiden World Cup title. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Vanasch won the player of the match for his four saves in the penalty shoot-out. Defender Arthur van Doren was named the player of the tournament. At the conclusion

"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament"
and Slovakia-based Tipsport liga's 14-day break. Conversely, Finland-based SM-liiga did not accommodate a break, but allowed its top players to leave the clubs and participate in the Olympic Games. The Russian national team, competing under the name of the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR), won the gold medal, defeating the German national team with a score of 4-3 in overtime in the final. Canada, Russia, Sweden, Finland, United States, Czech Republic, Switzerland, and Slovakia qualified as the top eight teams in the IIHF World Ranking in 2015. South Korea qualified as host team. To field a competitive team, the South

"I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (Bon Jovi song)"
I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (Bon Jovi song) ""I'll Sleep When I'm Dead"" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released in July 1993 as the fourth single from their 1992 album, ""Keep the Faith"". It was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Desmond Child. ""I'll Sleep When I'm Dead"" reached #17 on the UK Charts, #97 in the US and #29 on the Mainstream rock charts. The grave of The Doors' lead singer Jim Morrison was featured in the video clip. The driving drumbeat and catchy chorus of ""I'll Sleep When I'm Dead""

Tour"" DVDs. I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (Bon Jovi song) ""I'll Sleep When I'm Dead"" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released in July 1993 as the fourth single from their 1992 album, ""Keep the Faith"". It was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Desmond Child. ""I'll Sleep When I'm Dead"" reached #17 on the UK Charts, #97 in the US and #29 on the Mainstream rock charts. The grave of The Doors' lead singer Jim Morrison was featured in the video clip. The driving drumbeat and catchy chorus of ""I'll Sleep When

"I Can Sleep When I'm Dead"
I Can Sleep When I'm Dead ""I Can Sleep When I'm Dead"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in February 2008 as the third single from his album ""Waitin' in the Country"". It peaked at number 21 on the ""Billboard"" country charts. The song was written by Carroll, Rivers Rutherford and Jim Collins. The song is an up-tempo accompanied largely by electric guitar, in which the central character is kept awake due to a lifestyle of constant nighttime partying. As a result, he does not have any time set

"I'll Sleep When You're Dead"
Sound"" placed it at number 42 on the ""Top 50 Albums of 2007"" list. Credits adapted from liner notes. I'll Sleep When You're Dead I'll Sleep When You're Dead is the second solo studio album by American hip hop artist El-P. It was released through Definitive Jux on March 20, 2007. It peaked at number 78 on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart, selling about 11,000 copies in its first week. Music videos were created for ""Flyentology"" and ""Smithereens"". Despite his usual dislike of ""records that have a bunch of (featuring so and so) after every song title"", El-P has explained the

I'll Sleep When You're Dead I'll Sleep When You're Dead is the second solo studio album by American hip hop artist El-P. It was released through Definitive Jux on March 20, 2007. It peaked at number 78 on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart, selling about 11,000 copies in its first week. Music videos were created for ""Flyentology"" and ""Smithereens"". Despite his usual dislike of ""records that have a bunch of (featuring so and so) after every song title"", El-P has explained the more organic nature of the collaborations on ""I'll Sleep When You're Dead"": El-P has compared the overall sound of

"Sleep When I'm Dead"
band's 1985 album ""The Head on the Door"" and had the working title of ""Kat 8."" Sleep When I'm Dead ""Sleep When I'm Dead"" is a single by the British band The Cure released on 13 July 2008 on Geffen Records in the United Kingdom. It was pushed back to 15 July in the United States to comply with the tradition of releasing songs on a Tuesday. It has the distinction of including a keyboard part despite the fact that the band has not had a keyboardist in their lineup since 2005, although ""The Only One"" and ""NY Trip"" feature

Sleep When I'm Dead ""Sleep When I'm Dead"" is a single by the British band The Cure released on 13 July 2008 on Geffen Records in the United Kingdom. It was pushed back to 15 July in the United States to comply with the tradition of releasing songs on a Tuesday. It has the distinction of including a keyboard part despite the fact that the band has not had a keyboardist in their lineup since 2005, although ""The Only One"" and ""NY Trip"" feature piano parts. Robert Smith told ""Rolling Stone"" the song was originally written during sessions for the

"I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology)"
I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology) I’ll Sleep When I’m Dead (An Anthology) is a two-disc compilation album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, released on Rhino Records in 1996. It spans his career from his eponymous debut album on Asylum Records to date of release, ignoring his disowned initial album from 1969, ""Wanted Dead or Alive"". It contains tracks from all ten of his albums released during this period, and includes contributions to soundtracks and his one-off album with members of R.E.M., ""Hindu Love Gods"". Disc one collects recordings done for Asylum, and disc two collects recordings done for

"I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (2016 film)"
I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (2016 film) I'll Sleep When I'm Dead is a 2016 Grammy-nominated documentary film about American DJ and producer Steve Aoki. It debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival and was released on Netflix on August 19, 2016. It received a Grammy nomination for Best Music Film in 2016. It was directed by Justin Krook and was produced by David Gelb, Matthew Weaver, Happy Walters and Matt Colon. Production of the documentary started in 2014, during the time when Aoki's ""Neon Future"" album was released. A Facebook Live interview with Aoki was conducted by Katie Couric in

Virgin and Giant Records. I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology) I’ll Sleep When I’m Dead (An Anthology) is a two-disc compilation album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, released on Rhino Records in 1996. It spans his career from his eponymous debut album on Asylum Records to date of release, ignoring his disowned initial album from 1969, ""Wanted Dead or Alive"". It contains tracks from all ten of his albums released during this period, and includes contributions to soundtracks and his one-off album with members of R.E.M., ""Hindu Love Gods"". Disc one collects recordings done for Asylum, and disc two

"Lead-based paint in the United States"
a house painted with lead colors."" Congress banned the use of lead-based paint in residential structures and environments in 1971, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission followed with implementing regulations, effective in 1978. Additional regulations regarding lead abatement, testing and related issues have been issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Much of the government's response to the lead public health problems in the 1970s can be credited to the work of epidemiologist and pediatrician Philip J. Landrigan, who conducted detailed studies of lead poisoning near lead refineries, as well as the effects of lead in gasoline. In 1991, the

"Lead paint"
lead paint may still be found in older properties painted prior to the introduction of such regulations. Although lead has been banned from household paints in the United States since 1978, paint used in road markings may still contain it. Alternatives such as water-based, lead-free traffic paint are readily available, and many states and federal agencies have changed their purchasing contracts to buy these instead. Lead white was being produced during the 4th century BC; the process is described by Pliny the Elder, Vitruvius and the ancient Greek author Theophrastus. The traditional method making the pigment was called the stack

paint. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control performs regular studies of housing-based health hazards in the U.S. Lead-based paint in the United States Lead-based paint was widely used in the United States, because of its durability. The United States banned the manufacture of lead-based house paint in 1978 due to health concerns. Lead has long been considered to be a harmful environmental pollutant. Cited cases of lead poisoning date back to the early 20th century. In the July 1904 edition of its monthly publication, paint manufacturer Sherwin-Williams reported the dangers

Lead-based paint in the United States Lead-based paint was widely used in the United States, because of its durability. The United States banned the manufacture of lead-based house paint in 1978 due to health concerns. Lead has long been considered to be a harmful environmental pollutant. Cited cases of lead poisoning date back to the early 20th century. In the July 1904 edition of its monthly publication, paint manufacturer Sherwin-Williams reported the dangers of paint containing lead, noting that a French expert had deemed lead paint ""poisonous in a large degree, both for the workmen and for the inhabitants of

exterior paints sold to consumers. Canadian paint manufacturers have been conforming to this background level in their interior and exterior consumer paints since 1991. Nevertheless, a Canadian company, Dominion Colour Corporation, is ""the largest manufacturer of lead-based paint pigments in the world"" and has faced public criticism for obtaining permission from the European Chemicals Agency to continue to export lead chromate paints from its Dutch subsidiary to countries where its uses are not tightly regulated. The United States' Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned lead paint in 1977 in residential properties and public buildings (16 CFR 1303), along with toys

Lead
the first Medical Inspector of Factories in 1898; as a result, a 25-fold decrease in lead poisoning incidents from 1900 to 1944 was reported. The last major human exposure to lead was the addition of tetraethyllead to gasoline as an antiknock agent, a practice that originated in the United States in 1921. It was phased out in the United States and the European Union by 2000. Most European countries banned lead paint—commonly used because of its opacity and water resistance—for interiors by 1930. In the 1970s, the United States and Western European countries introduced legislation to reduce lead air pollution.

and furniture containing lead paint. The cited reason was ""to reduce the risk of lead poisoning in children who may ingest paint chips or peelings"". For manufacturers, the CPSC instituted the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, which changed the cap on lead content in paint from 0.06% to 0.009% starting August 14, 2009. In 2018 the State of Delaware banned the use of lead paint on outdoor structures. In April 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency required that all renovators working in homes built before 1978 and disturbing more than six square feet of lead paint inside the

pamphlet as well as a specific disclosure statement. The option of whether to test for the presence of lead-based paint is left to the owner, so long as a decision not to test is disclosed. The EPA issued a new regulation called 'Renovation, Repair and Painting' (RRP) regarding the renovation of residential housing and child-occupied buildings built before 1978 on April 22, 2008. The rule (Federal Register: July 15, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 134)) became effective April 22, 2010. Under the rule, contractors performing renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb lead-based coatings (including lead paint, shellac or varnish) in

"Lead poisoning"
in 1897. France, Belgium, and Austria banned white lead interior paints in 1909; the League of Nations followed suit in 1922. However, in the United States, laws banning lead house paint were not passed until 1971, and it was phased out and not fully banned until 1978. The 20th century saw an increase in worldwide lead exposure levels due to the increased widespread use of the metal. Beginning in the 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to improve its combustion; lead from this exhaust persists today in soil and dust in buildings. Blood lead levels worldwide have been declining sharply

"Lead-based paint in the United Kingdom"
Lead-based paint in the United Kingdom Most lead-based paint in the United Kingdom was banned from sale to the general public in 1992, apart from for specialist uses. Prior to this lead compounds had been used as the pigment and drying agent in different types of paint, for example brick and some tile paints Until the early 1960s white lead (lead carbonate/lead sulphate) was added in substantial quantities as the main white pigment in some paint products intended for use as a primer or top coat over metal and wood, both internally and externally. Examples of where this type of

"Friday Night Bites"
Friday Night Bites ""Friday Night Bites"" is the third episode of the first season of The CW television series, ""The Vampire Diaries"" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 24, 2009. The episode was written by Barbie Kligman and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) awakens after the night she spent with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) to find bite marks on her neck. She tries to escape from her room before Damon hears her, but he thwarts her attempt and attacks her again. Bonnie (Kat Graham) worries about Elena

and on her reasons for returning to Mystic Falls. It also introduces werewolves. Tyler's werewolf uncle, Mason Lockwood, arrives after the death of Tyler's father and tells Tyler about the so-called ""Lockwood curse"" in their family. To activate the werewolf gene, the person must kill someone. Katherine turns Caroline into a vampire, so as to have a spy against Stefan and Elena. Katherine's main reason for returning to Mystic Falls is to find the moonstone, with the help of Mason, who is killed by Damon. Katherine calls in a favor from a witch named Lucy to get the stone. Lucy

""First Novels Club"" said that although it was not her favorite episode it was still pretty excellent. Friday Night Bites ""Friday Night Bites"" is the third episode of the first season of The CW television series, ""The Vampire Diaries"" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 24, 2009. The episode was written by Barbie Kligman and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) awakens after the night she spent with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) to find bite marks on her neck. She tries to escape from her room before Damon

"Caroline Dawson"
telling him that there is now no point him being there. In episode three (2015), Kate and Caroline exchange vows in the company of friends and colleagues. Caroline is devastated when Kate is fatally injured in a car-accident the next day. Alan and Celia arrive at the hospital to emotionally support Caroline; they learn that Kate's daughter has been delivered alive. Caroline struggles to manage her grief following Kate's funeral, and begins imagining conversations with her deceased spouse. Unwilling to give up her career to become a full-time single mother, she hires an ex-pupil Holly (Cara Theobold) to become baby

the third season, critics praised the portrayals of the main characters and the development of the female characters such as Elena Gilbert played by Nina Dobrev, Bonnie Bennett played by Kat Graham, and Caroline Forbes played by Candice King. The third-season finale, ""The Departed,"" received critical acclaim. Diana Steenbergen of IGN praised the episode and the writers for clearing up a couple storylines and making all of them come to a head. She also praised Dobrev's performance in this episode, addressing her behaviour as another reason the final revelation from Meredith was more shocking and believable. Similarly, Mandi Bierly of

channelling the power of the full moon into the moonstone, sacrificing a vampire and a werewolf, and drinking the blood of the doppelgänger. The season is currently on air in Urdu on filmax channel in Pakistan. It became available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On February 16, 2010, The CW officially renewed ""The Vampire Diaries"" for a full 22-episode second season. It premiered on Thursday September 9, 2010, at 8 pm ET. The season finale aired on May 12, 2011. On July 9, 2010, Entertainment Weekly announced Taylor Kinney would join the cast in a recurring

Katherine is no longer compelled to stay in the tomb. She helps kill the Martin witches. When Isobel returns to town, Katherine double-crosses the Salvatores by kidnapping Elena and stealing the moonstone for Klaus in exchange for her freedom. But it is revealed that Klaus wanted Katherine and compelled Isobel to get her and the moonstone. Klaus enters Alaric's body and compels Katherine to stay in Alaric's house. Bonnie and Jeremy find the site of the a witch massacre and Bonnie channels all the power. Alaric/Klaus blends with Stefan, Damon, and Elena and finds out that Bonnie has her powers.

"Brave New World (The Vampire Diaries)"
Brave New World (The Vampire Diaries) ""Brave New World"" is the 2nd episode of the second season of The CW television series, ""The Vampire Diaries"" and the 24th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 16, 2010. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) wakes up in the hospital after Katherine (Nina Dobrev) killed her and she is hungry. She asks for food from the nurse but she sends her back to bed. Caroline smells blood from the next room and without knowing what is happening to her, she

"Country Music Association Awards"
the Duo and Event awards is that the former is presented to two artists who normally perform together, while the latter was specifically created to honor one-off collaborations. Nine awards are also given to radio broadcasters for Station of the Year and Personality of the Year (divided into four categories each, based on market size), as well as National Personality of the Year to the host of a nationally syndicated show. Since 2012, the ceremony features a Lifetime Achievement Award. Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood have co-hosted the ceremonies together since 2008. Vince Gill has been the longest consecutive host

presented at an untelevised ceremony at the Nashville Municipal Auditorium in 1967; the Entertainer of the Year award that night went to Eddy Arnold. The second annual CMA awards were presented in October 1968; NBC taped the ceremony and televised it a few weeks later. Since then, the awards have been televised live, usually in October or November, by NBC from 1969 through 1971, by CBS from 1972 through 2005, and by ABC beginning in 2006. Starting in 1968 they were held at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry (initially at Ryman Auditorium, and from 1974 through 2004 at the new Grand

"Tejano Music Award for Entertainer of the Year"
Tejano Music Award for Entertainer of the Year The Tejano Music Award for Entertainer of the Year is an honor presented annually by the Texas Talent Musicians Association (TTMA). The honor was presented to Tejano music musicians beginning at the 27th Tejano Music Awards after merging the Female Entertainer of the Year and Male Entertainer of the Year categories. The most awarded musician (and female) is Elida Reyna who received three wins, while Jay Perez and Jesse Turner have tied with most wins by a male (at two wins each). Listed below are the winners of the award for each

"American Country Awards"
will join the production. The artist who has won the most ACAs is Carrie Underwood with 12 (6 in 2010, 3 in 2011, 2 in 2012, 1 in 2013). Luke Bryan has the most for a Male artist with 10 (7 in 2012, 3 in 2013). Lady Antebellum has the most for a group with 9 (4 in 2010, 1 in 2011, 2 in 2012, 2 in 2013). In 2012, Luke Bryan won 7 Awards, including Artist of the year, the most wins in a single ceremony. He passed Jason Aldean with 7.Taylor Swift have won 4 awards (1 in

year, as well as the other nominees. Tejano Music Award for Entertainer of the Year The Tejano Music Award for Entertainer of the Year is an honor presented annually by the Texas Talent Musicians Association (TTMA). The honor was presented to Tejano music musicians beginning at the 27th Tejano Music Awards after merging the Female Entertainer of the Year and Male Entertainer of the Year categories. The most awarded musician (and female) is Elida Reyna who received three wins, while Jay Perez and Jesse Turner have tied with most wins by a male (at two wins each). Listed below are

"51st Annual Country Music Association Awards"
51st CMA Awards were announced on September 4, 2017, on Good Morning America by Lauren Alaina, Dustin Lynch, and Brothers Osborne. The nominees were led by Miranda Lambert (5) and followed by Keith Urban and Little Big Town (4). Chris Stapleton won his third win as a Male Vocalist. Miranda Lambert won her seventh win as a Female Vocalist, after a year hiatus. Note: The winners are shown in Bold. The CMA Special Recognition Award recipients were announced on 4 April 2017. A.Joined by Brooks & Dunn, Reba McEntire, Little Big Town, Thomas Rhett, Garth Brooks, Luke Bryan, Kelsea Ballerini,

4. Trace Adkins was the host of the awards show. Winners in each category received a custom-made Fender guitar in lieu of trophies. In 2010, the guitar was the Stratocaster model, in 2011 it was the Telecaster. At the 2010 ceremonies, Carrie Underwood was the top winner with 6 awards, including the first-ever Artist of the Year. Rascal Flatts received the Decade Award, Toby Keith received the Visionary Artist award and Alan Jackson received the Greatest Hits Artist award. In 2011, Jason Aldean was the big winner with 6 Awards, including Artist of the year. In 2012, Luke Bryan was

Country Music Association Awards The Country Music Association Awards, also known as the CMA Awards or CMAs, are presented to country music artists and broadcasters to recognize outstanding achievement in the country music industry. The televised annual presentation ceremony features performances and award presentations by popular country music artists, with occasional appearances from pop and rock artists. The CMA Awards were first presented in 1967, and televised for the first time the following year. The 52nd annual ceremony was held on November 14, 2018 at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee and broadcast by ABC. The first CMA awards were

the big winner with 7 Awards, including Artist of the year. Alabama received the Greatest Hits Artist award and Toby Keith was Artist of the Decade. The artist who has won the most ACAs is Carrie Underwood with 12 (6 in 2010, 3 in 2011, 2 in 2012, 1 in 2013) Luke Bryan has the most for a Male artist with 10 (7 in 2012, 3 in 2013) and Lady Antebellum has the most for a group with 9 (4 in 2010, 1 in 2011, 2 in 2012, 2 in 2013). On December 31, 2011, Fox aired a country music-themed

"Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year"
Welch and The Whites <br> B. Award presented to: John Anderson, Clint Black, Suzy Bogguss, Brooks & Dunn, Billy Dean, Diamond Rio, Vince Gill, Alan Jackson, Little Texas, Lorrie Morgan, Travis Tritt, Tanya Tucker and Trisha Yearwood Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year The following list shows the recipients for the Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year. George Strait has won the most awards. Other artists with multiple wins are Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Charlie Rich, Ronnie Milsap, Willie Nelson, Garth Brooks, Tim McGraw, Miranda Lambert, Eric Church and Chris Stapleton. Notes A. Award

"The Great British Bake Off (series 2)"
for the competition, and 12 were selected. Each episode was filmed over two 14-hour days. The competition was won by Joanne Wheatley. There was no Star Baker this week, as Paul and Mary felt it wouldn't be right to single out one baker when the results were incredibly close. Colour key: For their very first challenge, the bakers were asked to bake 24 cupcakes in 2 hours. They are allowed to make 2 different types of cupcakes. For the technical challenge, the bakers were asked to bake a Coffee and Walnut Battenburg cake using Mary Berry's recipe. The cake needs

On 30 October 2018, Sheffield University researcher Rahul Mandal, from India, was announced as the winner of ""The Great British Bake Off"" 2018. The runners-up were Ruby Bhogal and Kim-Joy Hewlett. The ninth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 6. Periodically, accidents and other errors have influenced the results of a round of judging. Several have had a significant impact on what a baker presents, notably: The early reviews for the first series were mixed. Lucy Mangan of ""The Guardian"" wondered if ""competitive baking [is] a contradiction in terms"" and found the proceedings humourless. Iain Hollingshead of ""The Daily

16 May 2013, and ""Home Baking"" initially as a Sainsbury's exclusive. She writes a monthly column for Sainsbury's magazine and is a regular guest columnist for ""The Sun"" newspaper. She runs cookery courses from her home in Essex, and has appeared in various television shows such as ""The Alan Titchmarsh Show"" and ""What's Cooking"". Holly Bell teaches baking classes and for a time worked as an occasional radio presenter on BBC Radio Leicester. She also appeared as a guest presenter on QVC shopping channel. She wrote an eBook called ""Ready, Steady, Bake!"" which was published on 5 July 2012, and

"James Morton (baker)"
James Morton (baker) James Morton (born 26 May 1991) is a Scottish celebrity baker, author and reality television contestant, based in Glasgow, who rose to fame when he became the runner up on the third series of ""The Great British Bake Off"". James Morton was born in Inverness, Scotland, but from the age of 3 grew up in the Shetland Islands. He was introduced to baking by his maternal grandmother, who taught him after school each day. He is the son of journalist and former Radio Scotland radio presenter Tom Morton. In the first Summer of his medical degree at

Army–Navy Game The Army-Navy Game is an American college football rivalry game between the Army Black Knights of the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, and the Navy Midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis, Maryland. The Black Knights (alternatively, the ""Cadets"") and Midshipmen each represent their service's oldest officer commissioning sources. As such, the game has come to embody the spirit of the interservice rivalry of the United States Armed Forces. The game marks the end of the college football regular season and the third and final game of the season's Commander-in-Chief's

"Army–Navy Cup"
Army–Navy Cup The Army–Navy Cup is an annual men's college soccer match between the United States Military Academy (Army) and the United States Naval Academy (Navy). Since its inaugural game in 2012, the match has been played on a neutral venue, much like its college football counterpart. Like the American football rivalry, the Cup is also held in the Philadelphia metro area. However, the cup is held at Talen Energy Stadium, the home ground of Major League Soccer's Philadelphia Union. Prior to the arrival of the neutral site Army–Navy Cup, the two sides had met 77 times, and annually since

Trophy series, which also includes the Air Force Falcons of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Army–Navy game is one of the most traditional and enduring rivalries in college football. It has been frequently attended by sitting U.S. presidents. The game has been nationally televised each year since 1945 on either ABC, CBS, or NBC. CBS has televised the game since 1996 and has the rights to the broadcast through 2028. Instant replay made its American debut in the 1963 Army–Navy game. Since 2009, the game has been held on the Saturday following FBS

the last regular-season game played in Division I FBS football. With the permanent expansion of the regular season to 12 games starting in 2006, several conference championship games joined the Army–Navy Game on its then-current date of the first weekend of December. In 2009, the game was moved from the first Saturday in December to the second Saturday; this means that it no longer conflicts with conference championship games and once again is the last non-bowl contest in college football. For much of the first half of the 20th century, both Army and Navy were often national powers, and the

"Somebody's Watching Me"
Somebody's Watching Me ""Somebody's Watching Me"" is a song recorded by American singer Rockwell, released by the Motown label on January 14, 1984, as the lead single from his debut studio album of the same name. Rockwell's debut single release, the song features guest vocals by brothers Michael Jackson (in the chorus) and Jermaine Jackson (additional backing vocals). ""Somebody's Watching Me"" became a major commercial success internationally, topping the charts in Belgium, France and Spain. The song reached No. 6 in the United Kingdom, Rockwell's only Top 40 hit there. The song reached the Top 5 in Canada, Germany, the

"Somebody's Watching Me (album)"
Somebody's Watching Me (album) Somebody's Watching Me is singer/songwriter Rockwell's debut album, released in 1984 on Motown. It featured the song, ""Somebody's Watching Me"" (with Michael Jackson on vocals in the chorus), as well as the top 40 hit ""Obscene Phone Caller"". After being kicked out of the house by his father, Motown founder Berry Gordy, Kennedy Gordy moved in with Ray Singleton, Gordy's ex-wife. While living there, the younger Gordy began working on some music. Seeing the youngster's potential, Singleton successfully lobbied to get Kennedy a staff writing job at Jobete. One night, Singleton overheard Kennedy working on the

"Rockwell (musician)"
1984, Rockwell released his biggest hit single, ""Somebody's Watching Me"", featuring childhood friend Michael Jackson on guest vocals (notably in the chorus lyrics), and Jermaine Jackson singing back-up. ""Somebody's Watching Me"" became a Gold-certified million selling #2 smash hit in the US, which also peaked at #6 in the UK. Additionally, it held #1 on Billboard's R&B chart for five weeks. Follow-up singles underperformed, however, with single ""Obscene Phone Caller"" being Rockwell's only other Top 40 single. This follow-up single reached #35 on the Billboard Hot 100. Rockwell soon ended his musical career with Motown. Rockwell was not the first

on the Swiss Hitparade, reaching No. 4. The mix was made on the 20th anniversary of the initial hit by DJ BoBo in November 1992. In 2006, Dutch dance group Beatfreakz recorded a pseudo-cover of the song which sampled the chorus but omitted the verses. This version was a Top 10 hit in Belgium, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Somebody's Watching Me ""Somebody's Watching Me"" is a song recorded by American singer Rockwell, released by the Motown label on January 14, 1984, as the lead single from his debut studio album of the same name. Rockwell's debut

Gordy, who thought one of the voices sounded familiar, but couldn't identify it. When Gordy found out it was Michael Jackson, he was elated. Not wanting the Gordy name to influence the outcome of the song (his half-brother Kerry Gordy, recorded under his own name five years earlier without success), Kennedy decided to use the name Rockwell on the record. The title cut was one of the biggest singles of 1984 and both the album and single were certified Gold. It was easily the most successful record by a Gordy as a recording artist. Rockwell now gained an exalted position

Rockwell's music until he heard the single with a familiar voice featuring prominently on background vocals. ""Somebody's Watching Me"" was written in the key of C-sharp minor in time with a tempo of 124 beats per minute. The vocals span from C# to C#. Produced by Curtis Anthony Nolen, the song featured backing vocals by Michael and Jermaine Jackson, with Alan Murray on percussion. The music video to ""Somebody's Watching Me"" (which uses the radio edit instead of the album version) underscores the song's paranoid tone with a haunted house-inspired theme, including imagery of floating heads, ravens, graveyards, and shower

track, ""Somebody's Watching Me"" and believed it was a song worthy of recording. When Motown staff producer Curtis Anthony Nolen took an interest in the song, he was hired as the producer on the project. While working on the song in the studio, Kennedy got the idea to get Michael Jackson to sing on the track. Without indicating his plans, Kennedy picked Jackson up and drove him into the studio. Once Jackson was in the studio, Kennedy asked him to record the chorus with him. Jackson agreed. Once the track was mixed, Singleton couldn't wait to play it for Berry

among the Gordy offspring. AllMusic's Rick A. Bueche called the record ""an impressive debut set with an emphasis on rock instrumentals."" An uptempo version of ""Knife"" was released by another Motown artist, Monalisa Young. She also appears on this album as a background vocalist. Somebody's Watching Me (album) Somebody's Watching Me is singer/songwriter Rockwell's debut album, released in 1984 on Motown. It featured the song, ""Somebody's Watching Me"" (with Michael Jackson on vocals in the chorus), as well as the top 40 hit ""Obscene Phone Caller"". After being kicked out of the house by his father, Motown founder Berry Gordy,

Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland. In the United States, it peaked at No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100), both ""Jump"" by Van Halen and ""Footloose"" by Kenny Loggins kept the song from No. 1. Rockwell is a son of Motown CEO Berry Gordy. At the time of the recording, Rockwell was estranged from his father and living with Ray Singleton, his father's ex-wife and the mother of his older half-brother, Kerry Gordy. Singleton served as executive producer on the project and would occasionally play some demo tracks to Berry. The elder Gordy was less than enthusiastic about

"Someone's Watching Over Me"
Someone's Watching Over Me ""Someone's Watching Over Me"" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her self-titled third studio album (2004). It was released by Hollywood Records as the second single. The song was written by Kara DioGuardi and John Shanks, who also produced the song. The song was written by DioGuardi and Shanks for the film ""Raise Your Voice"", in which Duff stars. In the movie, which is set at a performing arts summer school, Duff's character, Terri, writes the song with her fellow student Jay, played by Oliver James, and performs it at the film's

"History of San Antonio"
History of San Antonio The City of San Antonio is one of the oldest Spanish colonization of the European settlements in Texas and was, for decades, its largest city. Before Spanish colonization, the site was occupied for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic Payaya Indians were likely those who encountered the first Europeans. The ""Villa de Bejar"" was founded by Spanish explorers on May 5th, 1718, by then Governor Martin Alarcon, at the headwaters of the San Pedro Creek. The mission San Antonio de Valero was established on the east bank of the creek and

"History of El Paso, Texas"
over 5,000. These included Spaniards, criollos, mestizos, and indigenous spread along the river from El Paso to San Lorenzo, Senecú, Ysleta, and El Rancho de los Tiburcios. The military post assigned to the settlement's defense was moved over the eighteenth century to various sites, including San José, San Elizario, and El Carrizal. Historical records indicated that the first permanent agricultural enterprise north of the Río Grande located in present-day El Paso was the Ponce de León Ranch, on land granted in 1825. Earlier efforts—such as the ""lost mission"" of Nuestra Señora de las Caldas and El Rancho de los Tiburcios—had

"History of Austin, Texas"
settlers, the area was inhabited by a variety of nomadic Native American tribes. These indigenous peoples fished and hunted along the creeks, including present-day Barton Springs, which proved to be a reliable campsite. At the time of the first permanent settlement of the area, the Tonkawa tribe was the most common, with the Comanches and Lipan Apaches also frequenting the area. The first European settlers in the present-day Austin were a group of Spanish friars who arrived from East Texas in July 1730. They established three temporary missions, La Purísima Concepción, San Francisco de los Neches and San José de

group marched overland to the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar, where they arrived on March 9, 1731. The group joined the military community that had existed since 1718, forming the first government of the city and taking as headquarters building Presidio of San Antonio de Béjar. In 1719, Margil obtained permission from the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo to found a second mission at San Antonio. However, Father Olivares he opposed it. Despite of it, the Zacatecan Franciscans founded Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo, next to the San Antonio River, on February 23, 1720. San Antonio

mission of San Antonio de Valero. He also built the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, on the west side of the San Antonio River, approximately 1 mile from the mission. It was designed to protect the system of missions and civilian settlements in central Texas and to ensure the representation of Spain in the region of the aggression of French, British and Americans. The presidio consisted of an adobe building, thatched with grass, with soldiers quartered in brush huts. As settlers concentrated around the presidio complex and mission, began to form the town of Bejar or Bexar, convert it in

"San Antonio"
June 1730, 25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had been sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop the re-settlement. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland from Veracruz to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, where they arrived on March 9, 1731. Due to marriages along the way, the party now included 15 families, a total of 56 persons. They joined the military community established in 1718. The immigrants formed the nucleus of the villa of San Fernando de Béxar, the first regularly organized civil government in Texas. Several older families

Bolstered by migrants and immigrants, by 1860 at the start of the Civil War, San Antonio had grown to a city of 15,000 people. Following the Civil War, San Antonio prospered as a center of the cattle industry. During this period, it remained a frontier city, with a mixture of cultures that was different from other US cities. In the 1850s Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape architect who designed Central Park in New York City, traveled throughout the South and Southwest, and published accounts of his observations. In his 1859 book about Texas, Olmsted described San Antonio as having a

Mexican techniques of herding cattle on horseback, creating a new generation of cowboys. The major cattle trails for driving stock to markets and railroads, including Chisholm Trail, began in San Antonio. The business promoter ""Bet a Million"" Gates chose San Antonio to demonstrate the value of his barbed wire in the herding of cattle. In 1876 he fenced off Alamo Plaza with the new invention and had cowboys drive a herd of cattle into the wire. When the wire held the cattle, many of the ranchers in attendance quickly placed orders for the new product. San Antonio was crucial during

was chaired by Martin de Alarcón, settling around 30 families in the surrounding area. On July 8, 1718 held at the new Mission San Antonio de Valero the first baptism, as reflected in the baptismal register of the mission. On February 14, 1719, the Marquess of San Miguel de Aguayo made a report to the king of Spain proposing that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Habana to populate the province of Texas. In June 1730, 25 families come to Cuba, and 10 families were sent to Veracruz. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the

Airfield is expected to be larger than the current space at Fort Bliss. Beginning in mid 2008, El Paso decided to reinvest in their downtown, with a full redevelopment initiative. History of El Paso, Texas Founded as El Paso del Norte (at what is now Ciudad Juárez, Mexico) by Spanish Franciscan friars at an important mountain pass, the area became a small agricultural producer though most settlement was south of the river where modern Mexico lies. The city was considered part of New Mexico under Spanish Conquerors and was tied economically to Santa Fe, New Mexico and the Chihuahuan mining

"Ben Savage"
Ben Savage Bennett Joseph Savage (born September 13, 1980) is an American actor. He played the lead role of Cory Matthews on the ABC sitcom ""Boy Meets World"" (1993–2000) and its Disney Channel sequel series ""Girl Meets World"" (2014–2017). Savage was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Joanne and Lewis Savage, who were an industrial real estate broker and a consultant. His elder brother is actor/director Fred Savage, and his elder sister is actress/musician Kala Savage. His grandparents were Jewish and from Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and Latvia, and Savage was raised in Reform Judaism. Savage made his film debut

the rebellious son of female nurse and love-interest played by Kiele Sanchez. Uriah Shelton Uriah Shelton (born March 10, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his television roles, such as playing Jeff Cargill on ""The Glades"", Josh on the web series ""Blue"", and Joshua Matthews on ""Girl Meets World"". Shelton was also the lead in the 2010 film ""Lifted"". Shelton was born in Dallas, Texas. When he was one month old, his family moved him to Magnolia Springs, Alabama, a small river community about 40 miles south of Mobile. Growing up, Shelton pursued interests in

"Will Friedle"
July 4, 2006 issue of ""People"", Friedle mentioned he had thought about attending culinary school. After co-hosting Nickelodeon's ""Don't Just Sit There"" for three seasons (1988–1991), Friedle was cast as Cory Matthews' likeable but underachieving elder brother Eric on the long-running TV sitcom ""Boy Meets World"" from 1993 to 2000. In 2004, he co-starred with Chris Owen in the independent film ""National Lampoon's Gold Diggers"" (originally titled ""Lady Killers""). He also appeared in a supporting role in the 2005 ABC Family movie ""Everything You Want."" Friedle was cast as Mike in the WB sitcom ""Off Centre"", but could not accept

"Jason Dolley"
Jason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton ""Newt"" Livingston III on ""Cory in the House"", Virgil Fox in ""Minutemen"", Connor Kennedy in ""Read It and Weep"", Pete Ivey in ""Hatching Pete"", and PJ Duncan on ""Good Luck Charlie"". Jason Scott Dolley was born in Los Angeles, California, on July 5, 1991. Dolley gained his first stage experience at 11 when he and one of his brothers performed the Abbott and Costello ""Who's on First"" routine in a school talent

"Cory Bowles"
Cory Bowles Cory Bowles (born August 27, 1973) is a Canadian actor, director and choreographer. He is best known for his portrayal of ""Cory"" in the series ""Trailer Park Boys"". Bowles was born in Montreal, Quebec to a Black Nova Scotian father and a white mother. He was raised in Truro, Nova Scotia. Best known as Cory in ""Trailer Park Boys"", he also is the principal choreographer of Halifax-based Contemporary Dance Company Verve Mwendo, plays in the rock band Aide-De-Camp and voices the children's series Poko. In the mid-1990s Bowles gained some prominence as MC of hip hop act Hip

"Kyle Massey"
the younger brother of actor Christopher Massey, who played Michael Barret in the television series ""Zoey 101"". Kyle Massey Kyle Orlando Massey (born August 28, 1991), also known mononymously as Massey, is an American actor, rapper, and singer from Atlanta, Georgia. He starred in the Disney Channel sitcoms ""That's So Raven"" and its spin-off ""Cory in the House"", in which he played Cory Baxter. Massey starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie ""Life Is Ruff"". Massey has released several rap songs for Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records. He provided the voice of Milo in the Disney animated series ""Fish

"Jesse Bradford"
Jesse Bradford Jesse Bradford (born May 28, 1979) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor at the age of five and received two Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film nominations. Bradford was born Jesse Bradford Watrouse in Norwalk, Connecticut, the only child of actors Terry Porter and Curtis Watrouse, who appeared in commercials, soap operas, and industrial films. His mother also played his character's mother in ""Hackers"" (1995). Bradford's cousins are Jonathan Svec (a member of the bands Splender and Edison) and Sarah Messer, a writer and poet. He

Kyle Massey Kyle Orlando Massey (born August 28, 1991), also known mononymously as Massey, is an American actor, rapper, and singer from Atlanta, Georgia. He starred in the Disney Channel sitcoms ""That's So Raven"" and its spin-off ""Cory in the House"", in which he played Cory Baxter. Massey starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie ""Life Is Ruff"". Massey has released several rap songs for Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records. He provided the voice of Milo in the Disney animated series ""Fish Hooks"" and was the runner-up on the 11th season of ABC's ""Dancing with the Stars"". He is

"Halfback (American football)"
receivers and defensive backs, such as cornerbacks (because they are generally the fastest players on the team), some halfbacks have enough speed and talent to perform this role. The NFL's current all-time leading in kickoff return yards (14,014 yards) and punt return yards (4,999) by a halfback is Brian Mitchell. He also gained 1,967 rushing yards, 2,336 receiving yards, and 15 fumble return yards, giving him a total of 23,330 all-purpose yards, the second most in NFL history behind Jerry Rice. A halfback, typically a back-up, can also play upback, which is a blocking back who lines up approximately 1–3

"Red blood cell"
second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion. Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. Red blood cells

synthesised by the kidney. Just before and after leaving the bone marrow, the developing cells are known as reticulocytes; these constitute about 1% of circulating red blood cells. The functional lifetime of a red blood cell is about 100–120 days, during which time the red blood cells are continually moved by the blood flow push (in arteries), pull (in veins) and a combination of the two as they squeeze through microvessels such as capillaries. They are also recycled in the bone marrow. The aging red blood cell undergoes changes in its plasma membrane, making it susceptible to selective recognition by

form. When red blood cells sometimes occur as a stack, flat side next to flat side. This is known as ""rouleaux formation"", and it occurs more often if the levels of certain serum proteins are elevated, as for instance during inflammation. Red blood cells can be obtained from whole blood by centrifugation, which separates the cells from the blood plasma in a process known as blood fractionation. Packed red blood cells, which are made in this way from whole blood with the plasma removed, are used in transfusion medicine. During plasma donation, the red blood cells are pumped back into

blood circulation for about 100 to 120 days (and 80 to 90 days in a full term infant). At the end of their lifespan, they are removed from circulation. In many chronic diseases, the lifespan of the red blood cells is reduced. Erythropoiesis is the process by which new red blood cells are produced; it lasts about 7 days. Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production.) The production can be stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EPO),

loss, such as prior to an operation. Before blood is given, a small sample of the recipient's blood is tested with the transfusion in a process known as cross-matching. In addition to the transmission of infection, certain types of transfusion reaction. In 2008 it was reported that human embryonic stem cells had been successfully coaxed into becoming red blood cells in the lab. The difficult step was to induce the cells to eject their nucleus; this was achieved by growing the cells on stromal cells from the bone marrow. It is hoped that these artificial red blood cells can eventually

bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells and the blood. The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function such as deformability and stability while traversing the circulatory system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles, in order to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin; they can be viewed as sacks of hemoglobin, with a plasma membrane as the sack. Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per

Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ""erythros"" for ""red"" and ""kytos"" for ""hollow vessel"", with ""-cyte"" translated as ""cell"" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can

"Blood cell"
Blood cell A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include; Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood. Red blood cells or ""erythrocytes"", primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from

the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. Red blood cells are disk-shaped and deformable to allow them to squeeze through narrow capillaries. Red blood cells are much smaller than most other human cells. RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells in a process known as erythropoiesis. In adults, about 2.4 million RBCs are produced each second. RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 100-120 days. After they have completed their lifespan, they are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen. Mature red blood cells are unique among cells

3255 BCE. These cells were discovered in May 2012. Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ""erythros"" for ""red"" and ""kytos"" for ""hollow vessel"", with ""-cyte"" translated as ""cell"" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes

nothing to say in his performance, and said that it lacked soul and meaning. At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Super Bowl halftime show received four nominations: Outstanding Directing For A Variety Special, Outstanding Lighting Design/Lighting Direction For A Variety Special, Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control For A Limited Series, Movie Or Special. The Super Bowl LII halftime show was seen by 106.6 million television viewers in the United States, 9% less than Lady Gaga's in 2017. It had higher average viewership than the game itself, and the decline for the halftime show was roughly

in February 2017. In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated ""We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot."" Girona, Spain did not return as one of the

"North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball"
within six to nine months. Neither Williams nor any member of his staff was specifically accused of violating NCAA rules. On October 13, 2017, the NCAA found that North Carolina did not violate any NCAA academic rules with regards to the school's African studies and Afro-American Studies independent study courses. The Tar Heels own several notable streaks in the history of college basketball. They appeared in either the NCAA Tournament or National Invitation Tournament (NIT) every year from 1967 to 2001. This includes 27 straight appearances in the NCAA tourney from 1975 (the first year that competition allowed more than

"Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball"
#10 seed Michigan in the second round, and #3 seed Syracuse in the Sweet 16, whose vaunted 2-3 zone defense did nothing to slow down the Sooners' hot shooting from the perimeter. However, after hitting nine three-pointers during the previous game with Syracuse, the Sooner guards went 0/15 from beyond the arc during the first 35 minutes of their Elite 8 game against North Carolina, before finishing 2-19 in the game. This ultimately led to their demise by the Tar Heels on March 29, losing 60–72. Unanimous All-American Forward and Player of the Year Blake Griffin finished the tournament with

"UCF Knights men's basketball"
recruiting violations in the men's basketball program in 2011, on July 31, 2012, the NCAA announced sanctions – in addition to penalties UCF self-imposed. The NCAA imposed a one-year postseason ban on the program. The penalty is in addition to a $50,000 fine, adding two years to UCF's previously proposed three years' probation, reduction of basketball scholarships, and the vacating of basketball victories for three seasons in which there was an ineligible player. Despite the sanctions, Jones led the Knights to their third consecutive twenty-win season in 2013 with a 20–11 record. Jones was fired on March 10, 2016, leaving

these streaks ended in the 2001–02 season, when the Tar Heels finished 8–20 on the season under coach Matt Doherty. They also finished tied for 7th in conference play, behind Florida State and Clemson—only their second losing conference record ever (the first being in the ACC's inaugural season). Additionally, the Tar Heels are 59-0 all-time in home games played against the Clemson Tigers (the NCAA record for the longest home winning streak against a single opponent). Until the 2010 ACC Tournament, North Carolina was the only program to have never played a Thursday game in the ACC Tournament since it

one team from a conference to get a guaranteed bid) to 2001—the longest such streak in tournament history until it was broken by Kansas in March 2017. The Tar Heels also notched 37 straight winning seasons from 1964 to 2001, the third-longest such streak in NCAA history, behind UCLA's streak of 54 consecutive winning seasons from 1948 to 2001, and Syracuse's currently active streak of 46 seasons from 1971 to date. They also finished .500 or better for 39 years in a row from 1962 (Dean Smith's second year) to 2001, the third-longest such streak in NCAA history, behind Kentucky's

1,871 of the total enrollment in courses investigated, with the men's basketball team accounting for 12.1 percent (226) the athletes. There is no evidence the coaches knew the classes were irregular, and Williams denied knowledge (Dean Smith and Bill Guthridge, Williams' predecessors, were not interviewed because of poor health). The NCAA formally notified UNC of a formal investigation on May 22, 2015. The notice made five allegations against the university, including providing impermissible academic benefits to athletes and what the NCAA terms ""lack of institutional control"". The university would meet with the NCAA in three months and receive a ruling

"North Carolina Tar Heels football"
benefits and/or inappropriate academic assistance. On July 27, 2011, Davis was fired by UNC chancellor Holden Thorp amid an NCAA investigation of academic misconduct and allegations players receiving improper benefits from agents. Davis left Carolina after compiling a 28–23 record. Thorp said the move was necessary to restore confidence in UNC's integrity. On September 19, 2011, in response to an NCAA notice of allegations, Davis was never mentioned in the NCAA inquiry and had no involvement in the investigation. North Carolina subsequently vacated all of its wins from the 2008 and 2009 seasons after retroactively declaring Austin, Quinn and Little

streak of 61 consecutive seasons from 1926 to 1988 (the Wildcats were barred from playing in 1952–53 due to NCAA violations) and UCLA's 54-season streak. From the ACC's inception in 1953 to 2001, the Tar Heels did not finish worse than a tie for fourth place in ACC play. By comparison, all of the ACC's other charter members finished last at least once in that time. From 1965 to 2001, they did not finish worse than a tie for third, and for the first 21 of those years they did not finish worse than a tie for second. All of

two minutes left with UNC leading 85-69. Williams announced Kendall Marshall's injury at the Creighton post-game press conference. Kendall Marshall did not play in UNC's two following games in the NCAA Tournament, a 73-65 overtime win over Ohio in the Sweet 16 and the aforementioned 67-80 loss to Kansas in the Elite Eight. With the departures of several stars from the 2012 team, The Tar Heels would begin a slow climb back to the top following the Elite Eight loss. The 2012-13 season ended with a disappointing loss to Kansas in the tournament for the second year in a row.

Tournament appearances) and finishing with a losing record for the first time since 1962 (Dean Smith's first year as coach). They also finished 4–12 in the ACC—only the program's second losing ACC record ever. The 12 losses were six more than the Tar Heels had ever suffered in a single season of ACC play, and placed them in a tie for 7th place—the program's first finish below fourth place ever. The season also saw the end of UNC's run of 31 straight 20-win seasons and 35 straight seasons of finishing third or higher in the ACC. After bringing in one

"What Makes You Beautiful"
week. The single also topped the Irish and Scottish Singles Charts, and reached the top ten on the Australian and New Zealand Singles Charts, Flemish Ultratop 50, Canadian Hot 100, and the Japan Hot 100. The accompanying music video, directed by John Urbano, depicts One Direction spending time on a beach in Malibu, California. The music video was uploaded to YouTube on 19 August 2011 and has accumulated more than 1.0 billion views since it premiered. The clip garnered the group three MTV Video Music Awards at the 2012 ceremony. One Direction performed the song live on televised shows, at

2016. ""What Makes You Beautiful"" has sold over 7 million copies worldwide. The music video for ""What Makes You Beautiful"" was directed by John Urbano. Filmed over two days in July 2011, it premiered on 19 August 2011. On each of the five days preceding the video's premiere, One Direction posted a teaser trailer of the video online. Each teaser showed footage from the video and behind the scenes, and one member of the band announcing how many days were left until the video premiere. The video opens with One Direction spending time on a Malibu, California beach intercut with

"Clevedon Pier"
from the 2010 film, ""Never Let Me Go"", starring Keira Knightley were filmed near Clevedon pier during 2009, and the pier also featured on the promotional posters. One Direction's music video for their single ""You & I"" was filmed on Clevedon Pier. An appeal was launched in 2012 to raise £1.6 million for a new visitor centre and educational facility, an additional £800,000 of grants have been applied for to cover the cost of repainting the legs of the structure. In December 2012 it was announced that the pier had received £720,000 of funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund to

"Make Me Like You"
February 15, 2016, in Burbank, California. It was filmed at the Warner Bros. lot during the live broadcast of the 58th Annual Grammy Awards. The video was directed by Sophie Muller, who had previously directed videos for Stefani's ""Don't Speak"" (1996), ""Cool"" (2005) and ""Spark the Fire"" (2014), and was produced by Grant Jue of Wondros. It was Stefani's first collaboration with Target Corporation, which became exclusive distributor of the deluxe edition of ""This Is What the Truth Feels Like"". In a rehearsal shortly before the live broadcast, Stefani stumbled and hit her head, and in the confusion her stunt

"One Direction: This Is Us"
show more personality, how they interact, and how they relax when not on stage. Niall Horan remarked that the film crew had access to all areas, even filming them in the toilet. Scenes shown in trailers include footage of fans telling stories related to the band following a request posted on YouTube, as well as comment from Simon Cowell, who was their mentor on ""The X Factor"" and is also a producer of the film. The world premiere of the film was held in Leicester Square, in London on 20 August 2013. The film was released in the United Kingdom

"American Beauty (1999 film)"
and end of the film were captured in Sacramento, California, and many of the school scenes were shot at South High School in Torrance, California; several extras in the gym crowd were South High students. The film is set in an upper middle-class neighborhood in an unidentified American town. Production designer Naomi Shohan likened the locale to Evanston, Illinois, but said, ""it's not about a place, it's about an archetype. [...] The milieu was pretty much Anywhere, USA—upwardly mobile suburbia."" The intent was for the setting to reflect the characters, who are also archetypes. Shohan said, ""All of them are

"Marmol Radziner"
cantilevered from the front so it wouldn't block the prized views of oaks and sycamores"". In 2009, cinematographer Robert Richardson employed the firm to renovate his L.A. West Side house, set ina wooded valley and originally designed by Cliff May in 1952. Marmol Radziner was selected for their ""wide experience restoring midcentury jewels"", and the rebuild aimed to ""soften the house"" in order to complement its natural surroundings, and to ""avoid distracting from the drama"" of nature ""by focusing attention on the house's strengths"". Fashion designer Tom Ford brought in Marmol Radziner to remodel the Holmby Hills estate of Betsy

"Perfect Illusion"
by Ruth Hogben and Andrea Gelardin, who had also shot the cover artwork. According to ""Page Six"", the clip was filmed in a desert outside Los Angeles over the course of two days. Gaga's longtime collaborator Brandon Maxwell did the fashion style for the production. Hogben and Gelardin has been associated for the past 10 years with Gaga, working on different projects. Stylistically, collaborating on ""Joanne"" was a different experience for them. They were present in the recording studio with the singer and Ronson during conception of several tracks and the album's journey helped them understand Gaga's intent with the

"One Direction: Where We Are – The Concert Film"
Horan, Malik, and Tomlinson were seen being followed by a camera crew during their visit to the Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; meanwhile Payne and Styles were also followed by a camera crew during their visit to Machu Picchu in the Cusco Region of Peru. On 20 May 2014, the band announced the concert film on their official website with filming taking place by the end of June 2014 during their Where We Are Tour in San Siro Stadium in Milan, to be released on home media in December 2014. On 22 July 2014, the first teaser

because of the band's fast-track rise to stardom. The film started filming in Tokyo on 17 January 2013 and was being shot in 3D with 4K resolution RED Epic digital cameras, which Spurlock said gave a cinematic appeal. The film was later given the name ""One Direction: This Is Us"" on 19 March 2013, previously being referred to as ""1D3D"". It has been further said that the film is not scripted, with the footage genuine and of them acting ""naturally"". Styles admitted that the cameras following them around was scary but said that this film gives them the opportunity to

"Del Rosario"
Del Rosario Del Rosario, in Spanish and Italian languages, and do Rosário in Portuguese language () is a surname that has as its etymology, the Latin preposition, """"de"""" meaning """"of the"""" and the Latin noun """"rosarium"""", meaning """"rosegarden"""" or """"garland of roses"""" but in this case, takes the meaning of """"rosary"""", the Roman Catholic devotion to the Virgin Mary. In fact, its origins are from the Middle Ages, around the 12th century, and it is much associated with the cult of the Virgin Mary at the time when the rose became part of the holy aura, which surrounded anything to

"De Mercado"
De Mercado De Mercado is a Spanish surname. It is believed to have first appeared around the Spanish provinces of Segovia and Valladolid. Its roots are most likely in Old Castile or Andalusia. Some variants of the name are Mercado, Mercaddo, Meradoo, Mercados, Mercadors, Mercadons, de Mercado, deMercado, Demercado, and DeMercado. The name means 'market' in Spanish and goes back to Latin ""mercatus"", with the same meaning. Although not a Portuguese surname, the de Mercado name can also be found in Portugal to a limited extent, as it was brought over there from Spain generations ago. Some of the first

"La púrpura de la rosa"
La púrpura de la rosa La púrpura de la rosa (""The Blood of the Rose"") is an opera in one act, composed by Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco to a Spanish libretto by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, the last great writer of the Spanish Golden Age. It is the first known opera to be composed and performed in the Americas and is Torrejón y Velasco's only surviving opera. ""La púrpura de la rosa"" was first performed in Lima in 1701 to celebrate the 18th birthday of Philip V and the first anniversary of his succession to the Spanish throne.

"Rosa 'de Rescht'"
Rosa 'de Rescht' ""Rosa"" 'de Rescht is a Portland Damask rose introduced by an English gardener Nancy Lindsay in 1945. She named the cultivar 'de Rescht' after the city Rasht, the capital of Gilan Province, Iran, located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea where she discovered it. In the first part of her book ""The Genus Rosa"", Ellen Willmott discribed a rose that is known by the Gilaks as ""Gul e Reschti"", which is probably the same as Rose de Rescht. The history of the flower is unclear and its origin is unknown; according to some researches done

of Death, who, it was believed, would make further attempts to take the life of which he had been baulked. De Mercado De Mercado is a Spanish surname. It is believed to have first appeared around the Spanish provinces of Segovia and Valladolid. Its roots are most likely in Old Castile or Andalusia. Some variants of the name are Mercado, Mercaddo, Meradoo, Mercados, Mercadors, Mercadons, de Mercado, deMercado, Demercado, and DeMercado. The name means 'market' in Spanish and goes back to Latin ""mercatus"", with the same meaning. Although not a Portuguese surname, the de Mercado name can also be found

similar in several European languages, including classical Latin and ancient (Hellenistic period) Greek. It is sometimes considered that the word 'dog' has a disparaging meaning in this context, indicating 'worthless' (by comparison with cultivated garden roses) (Vedel & Lange 1960). According to ""The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable"", the name is a direct translation of its name in classical Latin, ""rosa canina"", itself a translation of the Greek κυνόροδον ('kunórodon'); the name arose out of the belief in classical times that the root was a cure for the bite of a mad dog. (It also known that it was

"Sub rosa"
the emblem of the god Horus in ancient Egypt. However, the gods in Egypt were usually associated with the lotus. The idea of Horus being linked to the rose probably arises from Greek and Roman cultural cross-transmission of myths from Egypt. Firstly, the rose's connotation of secrecy dates back also to Greek mythology. Aphrodite gave a rose to her son Eros, the god of love; he, in turn, gave it to Harpocrates, the god of silence and a Greek name for a form of Horus, to ensure that his mother's indiscretions (or those of the gods in general, in other

"Casa Rosada"
of the May Revolution that led to independence. In 1536, Don Pedro de Mendoza established a settlement near the mouth of the Riachuelo de los Navíos, called ""Nuestra Señora del Buen Ayre"". In 1580, Juan de Garay founded the city at the place which was to be the Plaza Mayor (nowadays Plaza de Mayo), naming it Santísima Trinidad while the port retained the name of the original settlement; the ""Royal Fort of Don Juan Baltasar de Austria"" was built in 1594. It was replaced in 1713 by a more solid construction with turrets, sentry boxes, a moat and a drawbridge

"Rosa × damascena"
more probable origin is the foothills of central Asia, which is the home of its pollen parent. The french Crusader Robert de Brie, who took part in the Siege of Damascus in 1148 at the second crusade, is sometimes credited for bringing the Damask rose from Syria to Europe. The name of the rose refers to the city of Damascus in Syria, known for its steel (Damask steel), fabrics (Damask) and roses. Other accounts state that the ancient Romans brought it to their colonies in England, and a third account is that the physician of King Henry VIII gifted him

"Rosa Peace"
(Italian for ""joy""), in Germany (Latin for ""glory of God"") and in the US, Sweden, and Norway . The rose eventually became known as . In early 1945 rose grower Meilland wrote to Field Marshal Alan Brooke (later Viscount Alanbrooke) to thank him for his key part in the liberation of France and to ask if Brooke would give his name to the rose. Brooke declined saying that, though he was honored to be asked, his name would soon be forgotten and a much better and more enduring name would be ""Peace"". The adoption of the trade name ""Peace"" was

"Session Initiation Protocol"
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). For secure transmissions of SIP messages over insecure network links, the protocol may be encrypted with Transport Layer Security (TLS). For the transmission of media streams (voice, video) the SDP payload carried in SIP messages typically employs the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) or the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP). SIP was originally designed by Mark Handley, Henning Schulzrinne, Eve Schooler and Jonathan Rosenberg in 1996. The protocol was standardized as in 1999. In November 2000, SIP was accepted as a 3GPP signaling protocol and

"SIP URI scheme"
SIP URI scheme The SIP URI scheme is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) multimedia communications protocol. A SIP address is a URI that addresses a specific telephone extension on a voice over IP system. Such a number could be a private branch exchange or an E.164 telephone number dialled through a specific gateway. The scheme was defined in RFC 3261. A SIP address is written in user@domain.tld format in a similar fashion to an email address. An address like: instructs a SIP client to make a (usually UDP) connection to voip-provider.example.net:5060 (which may

"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem"
SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the signaling protocol selected by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to create and control multimedia sessions with two or more participants in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and therefore is a key element in the IMS framework. SIP was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a standard for controlling multimedia communication sessions in Internet Protocol (IP) networks, working in the application layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. Several SIP extensions have been added to the basic protocol specification in order to extend its

model. Each transaction consists of a client request that invokes a particular method or function on the server and at least one response. SIP reuses most of the header fields, encoding rules and status codes of HTTP, providing a readable text-based format. SIP can be carried by several transport layer protocols including Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). SIP clients typically use TCP or UDP on port numbers 5060 or 5061 for SIP traffic to servers and other endpoints. Port 5060 is commonly used for non-encrypted signaling traffic whereas port 5061 is

SIPRNet
and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) which is used for Top Secret communications. According to the U.S. Department of State Web Development Handbook, domain structure and naming conventions are the same as for the open internet, except for the addition of a second-level domain, like, e.g., ""sgov"" between state and gov: openforum.state.sgov.gov. Files originating from SIPRNet are marked by a header tag ""SIPDIS"" (SIPrnet DIStribution). A corresponding second-level domain smil.mil exists for DoD users. Access is also available to a """"...small pool of trusted allies, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and New Zealand..."""" This group (including the

roots in the Internet community rather than in the telecommunications industry. SIP has been standardized primarily by the IETF, while other protocols, such as H.323, have traditionally been associated with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). SIP is only involved for the signaling operations of a media communication session and is primarily used to set up and terminate voice or video calls. SIP can be used to establish two-party (unicast) or multiparty (multicast) sessions. It also allows modification of existing calls. The modification can involve changing addresses or ports, inviting more participants, and adding or deleting media streams. SIP has also

(). One may also add a MIKEY () exchange to SIP to determine session keys for use with SRTP. Session Initiation Protocol The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications. SIP is used for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls, in private IP telephone systems, in instant messaging over Internet Protocol (IP) networks as well as mobile phone calling over LTE (VoLTE). The protocol defines the specific format of messages exchanged and the sequence

call routers, and voicemail boxes, are identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). The syntax of the URI follows the general standard syntax also used in Web services and e-mail. The URI scheme used for SIP is ""sip"" and a typical SIP URI has the form ""<nowiki>sip:username@domainname</nowiki>"" or ""<nowiki>sip:username@hostport</nowiki>"", where ""domainname"" requires DNS SRV records to locate the servers for SIP domain while ""hostport"" can be an IP address or a fully qualified domain name of the host and port. If secure transmission is required, the scheme ""sips"" is used. SIP employs design elements similar to the HTTP request/response transaction

encryption is only hop-by-hop and every single intermediate proxy has to be trusted. SIP URI scheme The SIP URI scheme is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) multimedia communications protocol. A SIP address is a URI that addresses a specific telephone extension on a voice over IP system. Such a number could be a private branch exchange or an E.164 telephone number dialled through a specific gateway. The scheme was defined in RFC 3261. A SIP address is written in user@domain.tld format in a similar fashion to an email address. An address like: instructs

typically used for traffic encrypted with Transport Layer Security (TLS). SIP-based telephony networks often implement call processing features of Signaling System 7 (SS7), for which special SIP protocol extensions exist, although the two protocols themselves are very different. SS7 is a centralized protocol, characterized by a complex central network architecture and dumb endpoints (traditional telephone handsets). SIP is a client-server protocol of equipotent peers. SIP features are implemented in the communicating endpoints, while the traditional SS7 architecture is in use only between switching centers. The network elements that use the Session Initiation Protocol for communication are called ""SIP user agents"".

Autocracy
de jure political power comes from political institutions, whereas the de facto political power is determined by the distribution of resources. Those holding the political power in the present will design the political and economic institutions in the future according to their interests. In autocracies, both de jure and de facto political powers are concentrated in one person or a small elite that will promote institutions for keeping the de jure political power as concentrated as the de facto political power, thereby maintaining autocratic regimes with extractive institutions. It has been argued that authoritarian regimes, such as China and Russia,

Autocracy
to avoid competition among the members of the dominant coalition, who then will credibly commit to cooperate and will form the state. Because autocrats need a power structure to rule, it can be difficult to draw a clear line between historical autocracies and oligarchies. Most historical autocrats depended on their nobles, the military, the priesthood, or other elite groups. Some autocracies are rationalized by assertion of divine right. According to Douglass North, John Joseph Wallis and Barry R. Weingast, in limited access orders the state is ruled by a dominant coalition formed by a small elite group that relates to

Autocracy
Autocracy An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection). Absolute monarchies (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as Turkmenistan and North Korea) are the main modern-day forms of autocracy. In earlier times, the term ""autocrat"" was coined as a favorable feature of the ruler, having some connection to the concept of ""lack

Autocracy
an extractive and indirect rule, whereas other colonies saw European settlement. Because of this settlement, these countries possibly experienced setting up of new institutions. Colonization also depended on factor endowments and settler mortality. Mancur Olson theorizes the development of autocracies as the first transition from anarchy to state. Anarchy for Olson is characterized by a number of ""roving bandits"" who travel around many different geographic areas extorting wealth from local populations leaving little incentive for populations to invest, and produce. As local populations lose the incentive to produce, there is little wealth for either the bandits to steal or the

Autocracy
in mind, also making an example of an autocracy ruled by a political party rather than solely one man. Soviet Union: During Joseph Stalin's rule. Spain: During Francisco Franco's rule. Autocracy An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection). Absolute monarchies (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as Turkmenistan and North Korea)

Autocracy
Weingast describe autocracies as limited access orders that arise from this need to monopolize violence. In contrast to Olson, these scholars understand the early state not as a single ruler, but as an organization formed by many actors. They describe the process of autocratic state formation as a bargaining process among individuals with access to violence. For them, these individuals form a dominant coalition that grants each other privileges such as the access to resources. As violence reduces the rents, members of the dominant coalition have incentives to cooperate and to avoid fighting. A limited access to privileges is necessary

Autocracy
people to use. Olson theorizes autocrats as ""stationary bandits"" who solve this dilemma by establishing control over a small fiefdom and monopolize the extortion of wealth in the fiefdom in the form of taxes. Once an autocracy is developed, Olson theorizes that both the autocrat and the local population will be better off as the autocrat will have an ""encompassing interest"" in the maintenance and growth of wealth in the fiefdom. Because violence threatens the creation of rents, the ""stationary bandit"" has incentives to monopolize violence and to create a peaceful order. Douglass North, John Joseph Wallis and Barry R.

Autocracy
of conflicts of interests"" as well as an indication of grandeur and power. The Russian Tsar for example was styled, ""Autocrat of all the Russians"", as late as the early 20th century. Autocracy comes from the Ancient Greek ""autós"" (self) and ""krátos"" (power, strength) from Kratos, the Greek personification of authority. In the Medieval Greek language, the term ""Autocrates"" was used for anyone holding the title ""emperor"", regardless of the actual power of the monarch. Some historical Slavic monarchs, such as Russian tsars and emperors, included the title ""Autocrat"" as part of their official styles, distinguishing them from the constitutional

Autocracy
monarchs elsewhere in Europe. Both totalitarianism and military dictatorship are often identified with, but need not be, an autocracy. Totalitarianism is a system where the state strives to control every aspect of life and civil society. It can be headed by a supreme leader, making it autocratic, but it can also have a collective leadership such as a commune, junta, or single political party. In an analysis of militarized disputes between two states, if one of the states involved was an autocracy the chance of violence occurring doubled. Examples from early modern Europe suggests early statehood was favorable for democracy.

Autocracy
each other by personal relationships. In order to remain in power, this elite hinders people outside the dominant coalition to access organizations and resources. Autocracy, then, is maintained as long as the personal relationships of the elite continue to forge the dominant coalition. These scholars further suggest that once the dominant coalition starts to become broader and allow for impersonal relationships, limited access orders can give place to open access orders. For Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson, the allocation of political power explains the maintenance of autocracies, which they usually refer to as ""extractive states"". For them, the

Habib
Habib Habib (; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name and occasional surname with the meaning ""beloved"". The name is popular throughout the Muslim World, though particularly in the Middle East and Africa. In other countries, especially in Yemen and Southeast Asian countries such as Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, it is an honorific to address a Muslim scholar of Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad) families and where it is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad - حبيب الله ""Habib Allah"" (Habibullah/ Habiballah). The name, as is the case with other Arabic names, is not

Habib
confined to Muslims. Notable examples of Christian individuals named Habib include 'Habib the Deacon' and Gabriel Habib and the Philosopher Habib. Habib Habib (; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name and occasional surname with the meaning ""beloved"". The name is popular throughout the Muslim World, though particularly in the Middle East and Africa. In other countries, especially in Yemen and Southeast Asian countries such as Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, it is an honorific to address a Muslim scholar of Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad) families and where it is one of the names of

"Abdul Haq"
is subject to variable spacing and hyphenation. It may refer to: Abdul Haq Abdul Haq () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Haqq"". The name means ""servant of the Truth"", ""Al-Haqq"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as

"Abdul Hafiz"
The whole name is subject to variable spacing and hyphenation. It may refer to: Abdul Hafiz Abdul Hafiz or Abdul Hafeez () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Hafiz"". The name means ""servant of the Guardian"", ""Al-Hafīz"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al.

Abdul Hafiz Abdul Hafiz or Abdul Hafeez () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Hafiz"". The name means ""servant of the Guardian"", ""Al-Hafīz"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as Hafiz, Hafeez, Hafid, Hafeedh or in other ways.

Abdul Haq Abdul Haq () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Haqq"". The name means ""servant of the Truth"", ""Al-Haqq"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as Haq, Haqq, Haque, Hak or in other ways. The whole name

Ayman
Ayman Ayman (, also spelled Ayemann, Aimen, Aiman or Aymen) is a male name of Arabic origin. It is derived from the Arabic () for ""right"", and literally means ""righteous"" or ""he who is on the right"", similar to the Latin name Dexter. It also means ""right-handed"", ""blessed"" and ""lucky"". It is agreed upon in Arabic to be a masculine name. In Pakistan, Ayman was appropriated to be used both as a masculine and feminine name. This is because of the popular woman figure ""Umm-e-Ayman"" who raised prophet Muhammad, which parents name their daughter after. However ""Umm"" means ""mother"" of,

Ayman
and Ayman was her son. Ayman Ayman (, also spelled Ayemann, Aimen, Aiman or Aymen) is a male name of Arabic origin. It is derived from the Arabic () for ""right"", and literally means ""righteous"" or ""he who is on the right"", similar to the Latin name Dexter. It also means ""right-handed"", ""blessed"" and ""lucky"". It is agreed upon in Arabic to be a masculine name. In Pakistan, Ayman was appropriated to be used both as a masculine and feminine name. This is because of the popular woman figure ""Umm-e-Ayman"" who raised prophet Muhammad, which parents name their daughter after.

"Abdul Hakim"
Abdul Hakim Abdul Hakim () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, first name or surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Hakim"". The name means ""servant of the All-wise"", ""Al-Hakīm"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as Hakim, Hakeem, or in other ways. The whole

"Abdul Hai"
Abdul Hai Abdul Hai () is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ""Abd"", ""al-"" and ""Hayy"". The name means ""servant of the Living God"", ""Al-Hayy"" being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ""a"" of the ""al-"" is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ""e"". So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as Hai, Hay, Hayy or in other ways. The whole name

"Olympic medal table"
one gold medal fewer than Norway - the latter winning 13. A similar situation occurred at the 2008 Summer Olympics, with China and U.S. topping the gold and total medal tallies respectively, and then again at the 2010 Winter Olympics when Canada and the U.S. finished 1st and 3rd respectively in the ""gold first"" ranking and 3rd and 1st respectively in terms of total medals won. Other exceptions are the 1896, 1912, and 1964 Summer Olympics when the United States finished first in gold medal count, but second in the overall medal count. In an August 24, 2008 news conference,

"2018 Winter Olympics medal table"
in, Canada held the record for most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics with 14, which it won in Vancouver in 2010. This mark was equalled by both Norway and Germany at these Olympics. Norway set the record for most total medals at a single Winter Olympics with 39, surpassing the 37 medals of the United States won at the 2010 Winter Olympics. The mark of 30 NOCs winning medals is the highest for any Winter Olympic Games. Hungary won its first Winter Olympic gold medal ever. Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen (two gold, one silver, and two

dissociated itself from setting targets. When Britain finished fourth in 2008, the 2012 target was settled at fourth, with the team ultimately finishing third. Australia's disappointing 10th-place in the 2012 medals table prompted the Australian Sports Commission to draw up a ten-year plan which included a ""medium-term"" goal of a top-five place in the Summer Olympics and Paralympics and a top-15 place in the winter games. When Tokyo bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Japanese Olympic Committee set a 2016 target of third place in gold medals, which it retained even after the games were awarded in 2009 to

"Grand National"
only seven horses emerged with seated jockeys. By the penultimate fence this number had reduced to three, with Great Span looking most likely to win ahead of Billy Barton and Tipperary Tim. Great Span's saddle then slipped, leaving Billy Barton in the lead until he too then fell. Although Billy Barton's jockey Tommy Cullinan managed to remount and complete the race, it was Tipperary Tim who came in first at outside odds of 100/1. With only two riders completing the course, this remains a record for the lowest number of finishers. Although the Grand National was run as normal in

commentators: Lord Oaksey (on Carrickbeg in 1963), Norman Williamson (on Mely Moss in 2000), and Richard Pitman (on Crisp in 1973). Dick Francis also never won the Grand National in 8 attempts although he did lead over the last fence on Devon Loch in the 1956 race, only for the horse to collapse under him when well in front only 40 yards from the winning post. Pitman's son Mark also led over the last fence, only to be pipped at the post when riding Garrison Savannah in 1991. David Dick luckily won the 1956 Grand National on E.S.B. when Devon

"2018 Grand National"
by a head. There were no fatalities, although Saint Are was treated by veterinarians after being brought down at The Chair. A few days later, Saint Are's retirement from racing was announced. Jockey Charlie Deutsch was kicked in the back by a horse following his fall at Becher's Brook, but recovered and rode a winner at Plumpton the following day. Twelve runners completed the course as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follows: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom

handed their first National rides on Alpha Des Obeaux and Milansbar respectively. The first fence claimed Perfect Candidate who in turn brought down one of the favourites, Blaklion. I Just Know led the field until falling at Becher's Brook, which also saw Houblon Des Obleaux and Virgilio out of the race. Houblon Des Obeaux's jockey Charlie Deutsch was treated for injuries at the scene, resulting in Becher's being bypassed on the second circuit. Captain Redbeard unseated its rider at the Foinavon fence as Ucello Conti led the field from Double Ross, with The Dutchman, Milansbar and Pleasant Company also prominent.

the run-in and, two strides from the finishing post, he pipped the tiring Crisp to win by three-quarters of a length in what is arguably the most memorable Grand National of all time. Red Rum finished in 9 minutes 1.9 seconds, taking 18.3 seconds off the previous record for the National which had been set in 1935 by Reynoldstown. His record was to stand for the next seventeen years. Two years before the 1981 Grand National, jockey Bob Champion had been diagnosed with testicular cancer and given only months to live by doctors. But by 1981 he had recovered and

was treated on the track after a fall leading to Becher's Brook being bypassed on the second circuit. From an initial 105 entries, the final field of 40 runners was declared on 13 April. Two contenders, Regal Encore and Walk In The Mill, were withdrawn on the morning of the race, leaving 38 starters, the smallest field since 1999. 2018 also marked the first National for 30 years to feature three female jockeys in the line-up. 2012 third-placed jockey Katie Walsh paired Baie Des Iles for her sixth ride in the race, whilst Rachael Blackmore and Bryony Frost were both

"2011 Grand National"
falls on the first circuit, reigniting debates over the safety of the event. Irish horse Ballabriggs won the race, securing the first-place prize money of £535,135 and a first Grand National win for trainer Donald McCain, Jr., the son of four-time winning trainer Ginger McCain. Owned by Trevor Hemmings, Ballabriggs was ridden by Irish jockey Jason Maguire and was sent off at odds of 14/1. The pairing completed the race in 9 minutes 1.2 seconds, the second-fastest time in Grand National history. On 2 February 2011 Aintree released the names of 102 horses submitted to enter, including 34 Irish-trained and

most bizarre incidents. Devon Loch, owned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, had cleared the final fence in leading position, five lengths clear of E.S.B. Forty yards from what seemed like certain victory, Devon Loch suddenly, and inexplicably, half-jumped into the air and collapsed in a belly-flop on the turf. Despite efforts by jockey Dick Francis, Devon Loch was unable to complete the race, leaving E.S.B. to cross the finishing line first. Responding to the commiserations of E.S.B.’s owner, the Queen Mother famously commented: ""Oh, that's racing!"" Had Devon Loch completed the race he might have set a new record

"1929 Grand National"
also a 200/1 bet in 1886. Gregalach was ridden by jockey Robert W. H. Everett and trained by Tom Leader, for owner Margaret Gemmell. Easter Hero, the favourite, finished in second place and Richmond II was third. Of the 66 runners, all but one returned safely to the stables. One horse, named Stort, incurred a leg fracture in a fall and had to be euthanised. The media largely praised Aintree's decision to fill in the ditch at The Canal Turn in the wake of the pile up that happened there the previous year but the sheer volume of entries again

"The Book Thief (film)"
The Book Thief (film) The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind-hearted foster father, the girl begins ""borrowing"" books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical

score by Oscar-winning composer John Williams. ""The Book Thief"" premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival on October 3, 2013, and was released for general distribution in the United States on November 8, 2013. The film received mixed reviews upon its theatrical release with some reviewers praising its ""fresher perspective on the war"" and its focus on the ""consistent thread of humanity"" in the story, with other critics faulting the film's ""wishful narrative"". With a budget of $19 million, the film was successful at the box office, earning over $76 million. ""The Book Thief"" received Academy Award, Golden Globe and

Instrumental Album at the 57th Grammy Awards. ""The Book Thief"" marked the first time since 2005 that Williams had scored a film not directed by Steven Spielberg. Originally scheduled for January 17, 2014, ""The Book Thief""s limited theatrical release was moved forward to November 8, 2013, due to the fact that it was finished ahead of schedule and in order to compete in the 2013–14 award season. It premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival on October 3, 2013, and was screened at the Savannah Film Festival on October 29, 2013. It expanded to a wide release on November 27,

the film ultimately shows the difficulties of bringing a successful novel to the screen. In his review for the ""Los Angeles Times"", Robert Abele was also unimpressed, describing the film as ""just another tasteful, staid Hollywoodization of terribleness, in which a catastrophic time acts as a convenient backdrop for a wishful narrative rather than the springboard for an honest one"". ""The Book Thief"" was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 11, 2014. The Book Thief (film) The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and

"The Book Thief"
It was directed by Brian Percival. Michael Petroni wrote the script. Geoffrey Rush and Emily Watson portrayed the Hubermanns, Ben Schnetzer was Max Vandenburg, Nico Liersch was Rudy Steiner, and Sophie Nélisse was Liesel Meminger. John Williams wrote the music soundtrack. Much of the movie was filmed in Görlitz, Germany. The Book Thief The Book Thief is a 2005 historical novel by Australian author Markus Zusak and is his most popular work. Published in 2005, ""The Book Thief"" became an international bestseller and was translated into several languages. It was adapted into a 2013 feature film of the same name.

an actress to play the eponymous book thief, Liesel Meminger, occurred across the world. On February 4, 2013, it was announced that Canadian actress Sophie Nélisse was cast in the role and that Australian actor Geoffrey Rush and English actress Emily Watson would be playing Meminger's foster parents. Principal photography began in early March 2013 at Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Germany. The first trailer was released on August 21, with the Bastille song ""Haunt"" as the music. Markus Zusak, Australian author of the best-selling, award-winning book on which the film is based, confirmed on his blog that the film would

be narrated by the character of ""Death"", as was the novel. After some speculation that Death might be voiced by the anonymous American actor who was used in the official trailer, it was announced that English actor Roger Allam of ""Game of Thrones"" would portray Death in the film. The music for the film was composed by John Williams, and the soundtrack album containing the score was released by Sony Classical. The album was released in the United States on November 19, 2013. It was nominated for an Oscar, BAFTA and Golden Globe for Best Original Score. It won Best

BAFTA nominations for its score. For her performance in the film, Sophie Nélisse won the Hollywood Film Festival Spotlight Award, the Satellite Newcomer Award, and the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role – Female. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 11, 2014. In February 1938, a voice representing Death tells about how the young Liesel Meminger has piqued his interest. In one of the opening scenes, Liesel is traveling with her mother and younger brother on a train. On the way, her brother dies and

film's cinematography and film score, noting that ""impeccable design contributions are highlighted by Florian Ballhaus'[s] somber but handsome widescreen lensing and an excellent score by John Williams that reps his first feature work for a director other than Steven Spielberg in years."" In her review for ""MSN UK"", Emma Roberts gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, stating, Stephanie Merry of ""The Washington Post"" was less impressed with the film, giving it two and half out of four stars. Merry felt that the film ""has its moments of brilliance, thanks in large part to an adept cast"" but that

and the Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award in 2009. ""Scholastic Parent & Child"" magazine also included the novel within its 100 ""Greatest Books for Kids."" When asked about the various awards, Rick Riordan said: ""The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it."" In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired the feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. The film, titled ""Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief"", was released in the United States on February 12, 2010 and had Logan Lerman as

"Kingsman: The Secret Service"
in part because of a career-long dream to be in a James Bond movie. As he felt that this was unlikely to come true, he took on the role, stating ""I felt like this was an opportunity to play a really great Bond villain."" Jackson's character has a notable lisp, which was partially inspired by the stutter he had during his childhood. In September 2013, Vaughn cast Sophie Cookson for the female lead, preferring a newcomer over more obvious candidates like Emma Watson and Bella Heathcote. Mark Hamill was cast as Professor James Arnold, a reference to his character in

to direct it. Principal photography was set to begin in April 2016, with a 6 October 2017 release date. It was reported that Julianne Moore was in talks to star as the new villain, and Halle Berry might sign on as the Head of the CIA. On 18 March 2016, Edward Holcroft was also confirmed to reprise his role as Charles ""Charlie"" Hesketh. Vaughn later revealed the sequel's title to be ""Kingsman: The Golden Circle"". The plot follows Eggsy and Merlin joining forces with ""Statesman"", their American counterpart after Kingsman was destroyed by the film's villain Poppy, played by Moore.

interviewer after Eggsy's arrest, whereas Corey Johnson starred as a fanatic church leader, and Velibor Topić portrayed the biggest goon in the bar fight scene. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs play Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan. The project originated when Mark Millar and Matthew Vaughn were at a bar discussing spy movies, lamenting that the genre had become too serious over the years and deciding to do ""a fun one."" To have the time to make the film, Vaughn had to opt out of directing """", which he called ""a really tough decision"". He reasoned that if he did not

Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to ""die"" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test, Ralph Ineson the police

upcoming sequel. The next day, Channing Tatum announced on his Twitter account that he was joining the cast. Kingsman: The Secret Service Kingsman: The Secret Service is a 2014 action spy comedy film directed and co-produced by Matthew Vaughn. The screenplay, written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman, is based on Dave Gibbons's and Mark Millar's comic book series ""The Secret Service"". The film follows the recruitment and training of Gary ""Eggsy"" Unwin (Taron Egerton), into a secret spy organisation. Eggsy joins a mission to tackle a global threat from Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson), a wealthy megalomaniac. Colin Firth, Mark

Kingsman: The Secret Service Kingsman: The Secret Service is a 2014 action spy comedy film directed and co-produced by Matthew Vaughn. The screenplay, written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman, is based on Dave Gibbons's and Mark Millar's comic book series ""The Secret Service"". The film follows the recruitment and training of Gary ""Eggsy"" Unwin (Taron Egerton), into a secret spy organisation. Eggsy joins a mission to tackle a global threat from Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson), a wealthy megalomaniac. Colin Firth, Mark Strong, and Michael Caine play supporting roles. ""Kingsman: The Secret Service"" premiered at the Butt-Numb-A-Thon festival on 13

"The Callback Queen"
The Callback Queen The Callback Queen is a 2013 British romantic comedy independent film by Irish director Graham Cantwell, starring a largely British and Irish cast: Amy-Joyce Hastings, Mark Killeen, Seán T. O'Meallaigh, Ger Ryan, Vicki Michelle and Eoin Macken. Kate Loughlin is a vivacious young actress struggling to get her big break in the London film industry. When she lands an audition for the lead role in a massive movie franchise based on the 'Prince of Chaos' novels by legendary author Horatio King, she goes after the opportunity with all guns blazing. However a sleazy agent trying to pimp

"Princess Protection Program"
dictator of neighboring country Costa Estrella, invades her palace with his agents during her coronation rehearsal, and attempts to capture the royal family and take over the country. Joe Mason (Tom Verica), an agent of the Princess Protection Program, a secret organization funded by royal families that looks after endangered princesses, whisks her away to safety via helicopter. Kane’s agents, however, succeed in capturing her mother, Queen Sofía. The Princess Protection Program hides Rosalinda in Mason’s home in Louisiana, where she is to masquerade as a typical American teenager named Rosie Gonzalez. She meets Mason's daughter, Carter Mason (Selena Gomez),

On 7 April 2016, Egerton revealed the first poster for the film, which strongly hinted that Firth would return for the film; the poster features Harry Hart's trademark pair of glasses with one of the lenses missing below the tagline (a borrowed quote from Mark Twain) stating ""reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated."" Sophie Cookson will also reprise her role as Roxy Morton in the sequel. The next day, Deadline reported that Pedro Pascal was in talks for the role of Jack Daniels. On 12 April 2016, Elton John was in talks about joining the cast of the

do it, ""somebody else ... [would] wake up and do a fun spy movie. Then I would have written a bloody screenplay that no one would want to make."" Colin Firth joined the cast to lead the film on 29 April 2013. It was initially reported in 2013 that Leonardo DiCaprio was in talks to play a villain, although Vaughn himself later denied that he was ever considered, stating that he came as close to playing the role ""as I am to becoming the Pope."" Instead the role of the villain went to Samuel L. Jackson. Jackson took the role

who was the editor of the journal jugantor published in the time of swadeshi movement

"Jugantar Patrika"
Jugantar Patrika Jugantar Patrika () was a Bengali revolutionary newspaper founded in 1906 in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt. A political weekly, it was founded in March 1906 and served as the propaganda organ for the nascent revolutionary organisation ""Anushilan Samiti"" that was taking shape in Bengal at the time. The journal derived its name Jugantar (Lit:New Era) from a political novel of the same name by renowned Bengali author Shivnath Shastri. The journal went on to lend its name to the Western Bengal wing of the Anushilan Samiti, which came to be known as

the Jugantar group. The journal expounded and justified revolutionary violence against the British Raj as a political tool for independence, and denounced the right and legitimacy of the British rule in India. It was also critical of the Indian National Congress and its moderate methods which was viewed as aiding the Raj. Its target audience was the young, literate and politically motivated youth of Bengal, and was priced at one paisa. The paper rapidly acquired a broad popularity, at one time having a readership of 20,000. Bhupendranath Dutt served as the editor of the newspaper till his arrest in 1907,

"Swadeshi movement"
sphere that the impact of the swadeshi movement was most marked. The songs composed at the time of Rabindranath Tagore, Rajani Kanta Sen, Dwijendralal Ray, Makunda Das, Syed Abu Mohammad and other later became the moving spirit for nationalist of all hues. Rabindranath's Amar Sonar Bangla, written at that time, was to later inspire the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and was adopted as the National Anthem of the country in 1971. Similarly, there were great improvements in Indian art. The writings of Vande Mataram, practically revolutionized the political attitude of Bengal. The four leading newspapers of Calcutta- the Bengalee, the

"Krishna Kumar Mitra"
luck of the tea garden coolies of Assam were slightly changed"". Krishna Kumar Mitra Krishna Kumar Mitra (1852-1936) was an Indian freedom fighter, journalist and leader of the Brahmo Samaj. He is remembered for his contributions to the Swadeshi movement through his journal ""Sanjibani"". Krishna Kumar was born in the village of Baghil in the Mymensingh district of Bengal in what is today Bangladesh in 1852. He was a Hindu Kayastha by birth and his father Guruprasad Mitra was a landholder who led an agitation against oppression by British indigo planters. Krishna Kumar was educated at Mymensingh's Hardinge Vernacular School

Swadesamitran
to the masses. He was supported by Deshbandhu Chittranjan Das (CR Das) and Motilal Nehru in this approach. The paper was successful quite early in its life and quickly found readership wherever there was a significant Tamil population not only in India but also in Burma, Sri Lanka and Mauritius. Subramania Aiyer was also a social reformer and sponsored the Madras Hindu Social Reform Association. During his tenure as editor he was also prosecuted and sentenced for sedition (1908) by the British due to his writings in the paper. He was never the same man after he went to prison.

"Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika"
main celebrations for the coming year are mentioned. An important addition is the dates of birth and death of many savants and saints of India irrespective of denominational adherence. Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika () is a panjika (almanac) that was first published in 1297 Bengali year (1890 AD). Madhab Chandra Chattopadhyay of the Bengal of undivided India was the first editor. The 19th century Bengali almanacs that gave details of tithi, nakshatra, etc. were generally not in conformity with the position of planets. A true panjika has to tally with the scientific observation. To meet this end, prominent

who also served as the papers first editor. It was founded as a sister paper of The Hindu which Aiyer had also founded two years earlier in 1879. The name translated from Tamil to English literally means ""friend of self rule"". It was originally started as a weekly and became a daily by 1889. It was a chronicle of the Indian National Independence movement from its inception and it was used by Subramania Aiyer to rouse the nationalistic feelings of the Tamil people. A host of very eminent men like Subramania Pillai, Mahakavi Subramania Bharathi (aka ""Bharathiyar""), VVS Iyer and

Krishna Kumar Mitra Krishna Kumar Mitra (1852-1936) was an Indian freedom fighter, journalist and leader of the Brahmo Samaj. He is remembered for his contributions to the Swadeshi movement through his journal ""Sanjibani"". Krishna Kumar was born in the village of Baghil in the Mymensingh district of Bengal in what is today Bangladesh in 1852. He was a Hindu Kayastha by birth and his father Guruprasad Mitra was a landholder who led an agitation against oppression by British indigo planters. Krishna Kumar was educated at Mymensingh's Hardinge Vernacular School and the Zilla School and obtained a bachelor's degree from the

although it also published articles from a number of noted Bengali revolutionaries including Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Aurobindo Ghosh. It faced prosecution a number of times by the British Indian government for publishing seditious articles. Bhupendranath Dutt was arrested in 1907 for publication of articles ""inciting violence against the Government of India"", for which he was sentenced to a year's rigorous imprisonment. The paper was ultimately forced to shut down in 1908, amidst financial ruins following the prosecutions, and after the passage of The Newspapers (Incitement to offences) act in June 1908 which made its position vulnerable. Jugantar Patrika Jugantar

"Swadeshabhimani (newspaper)"
time directly ruled by British East India Company. C P Govinda Pillai was the editor of before Ramakrishna Pillai took over as the editor in January 1906. Ramakrishna Pillai and his family had to shift to Vakkom in Chirayinkil Taluk where the newspaper office and the printing press were located. In July 1907, both the newspaper office and the family moved to Thiruvananthapuram. Though Vakkom Moulavi was still the proprietor, Ramakrishna had been given total freedom in the running of the newspaper by Moulavi. Although there were never any legal or financial contracts between the two, Moulavi provided all the

"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)"
20th Century Fox poll of the most popular film weapons, which surveyed approximately 2,000 film fans. On 10 October 2008, it was discovered that one of the golden guns used in the film, which is estimated to be worth around £80,000, was missing (suspected stolen) from Elstree Props, a company based at Hertfordshire studios. The theme tune to ""The Man with the Golden Gun"", released in 1974, was performed by Scottish singer Lulu and composed by John Barry. Tony Bramwell, who worked for Harry Saltzman's music publishing company Hilary Music, wanted Elton John or Cat Stevens to sing the title

"The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)"
The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack) The Man with the Golden Gun is the soundtrack for the ninth James Bond film of the same name. The theme tune was performed by Lulu, composed by John Barry, and the lyrics to the song were written by Don Black. Alice Cooper claims his song ""The Man With The Golden Gun"" was to be used by the film's producers until it was dropped for Lulu's song instead. Cooper's song appears on his album ""Muscle of Love"". Barry considered the theme tune – the only Bond film title track not to chart as

of a new practice of using a different song altogether). Some Bond music fans consider Lulu's brassy vocal to be effective in setting the tone for the film's female characters. The film was also the first to drop the distinctive plucked guitar from the Bond theme heard over the gun barrel sequence - in all subsequent John Barry James Bond scores, this theme would be heard on strings and trumpet. Not present on the album but heard in the film is a brief reprise, for recognition purposes, of the song ""Live and Let Die"" when a character (Sheriff JW Pepper)

"Lulu (singer)"
Lulu (singer) Lulu Kennedy-Cairns, OBE (born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie; 3 November 1948) is a Scottish singer-songwriter. She is internationally known, but especially by UK audiences in the 1960s. Later in her career she had hits internationally with ""To Sir with Love"" from the 1967 film of the same name and with the title song to the 1974 James Bond film ""The Man with the Golden Gun"". In European countries, she is also widely known for her Eurovision Song Contest 1969 winning entry ""Boom Bang-a-Bang"", and in the UK for her 1964 hit ""Shout"", which was performed at the closing

a single in either the U.K. or U.S. – and score to be among the weakest of his contributions to the series: ""It's the one I hate most... it just never happened for me."" Certainly the title song is notable for having suggestive lyrics, and during a TV celebration for the series' 40th anniversary, Lulu's performance was introduced with reference to its being the raunchiest of all Bond songs. For the first time, the song's end theme is not a straight reprise of the opener, as it begins with different lyrics (subsequent films followed suit with variations in arrangement, ahead

"The Man with the Golden Arm"
come out of the '50s"" and said that ""on its own it still shines as an excellent example of how good film music can get. Bernstein's control over the smallest details of the music is what gives it the energy it contains; his blustery horns and deep percussion are only the front while some gorgeous orchestration happens almost unnoticed behind the music."" The theme was recorded by many other musicians including Billy May & His Orchestra who had a #9 hit in the UK in May 1956; Jet Harris, who released it as a single in 1963, Sweet, who covered

song. However, by this time the producers were taking turns producing the films; Albert Broccoli—whose turn it was to produce—rejected Bramwell's suggestions. The lyrics to the Lulu song were written by Don Black and have been described variously as ""ludicrous"", ""inane"" and ""one long stream of smut"", because of their sexual innuendo. Bramwell subsequently dismissed the Barry-Lulu tune as ""mundane"". Alice Cooper wrote a song titled ""Man with the Golden Gun"" to be used by the producers of the film, but they opted for Lulu's song instead. Cooper released his song in his album ""Muscle of Love"". Barry had only

from the previous film reappears. The next three Bond films would wittily feature excerpts from the familiar music of other films, too (though classics rather than Bond films), while ""On Her Majesty's Secret Service"" had included a janitor character whistling the theme from ""Goldfinger"" as an in-joke. The popular song ""Mindfields"" by The Prodigy (released on The Fat of the Land) features a specific part of ""Hip's Trip"". Barry gave the band permission to do so. Composer, except as noted, is John Barry. The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack) The Man with the Golden Gun is the soundtrack for

and Jimmy Van Heusen, and recorded by Sinatra backed by Nelson Riddle's orchestra. However, the song was ultimately not used in the film and did not appear on the soundtrack album. Although Sinatra's recording appeared on some bootleg albums, it remained officially unreleased until 2002, when it was included in the box set ""Frank Sinatra in Hollywood 1940–1964"". Sammy Davis Jr. also recorded a version of the Cahn/ Van Heusen theme, which was released on Decca in 1955. ""All compositions by Elmer Bernstein"" Orchestra conducted by Elmer Bernstein featuring: The Man with the Golden Arm The Man with the Golden

three weeks to score ""The Man with the Golden Gun"" and the theme tune and score are generally considered by critics to be among the weakest of Barry's contributions to the series, an opinion shared by Barry himself: ""It's the one I hate most ... it just never happened for me."" ""The Man with the Golden Gun"" was also the first to drop the distinctive plucked guitar from the theme heard over the gun barrel opening. A sample from one of the songs, ""Hip's Trip"", was used by The Prodigy in the ""Mindfields"" track on the album ""The Fat of

"Road to Perdition"
Road to Perdition Road to Perdition is a 2002 American crime film directed by Sam Mendes. The screenplay was adapted by David Self from the graphic novel of the same name by Max Allan Collins. The film stars Tom Hanks, Paul Newman, Jude Law, and Daniel Craig. The plot takes place in 1931, during the Great Depression, following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family. Filming took place in the Chicago area. Mendes, having recently finished 1999's acclaimed ""American Beauty"", pursued a story that had minimal dialogue

and conveyed emotion in the imagery. Cinematographer Conrad L. Hall took advantage of the environment to create symbolism for the film, for which he won several awards, including a posthumous Academy Award for Best Cinematography. The film explores several themes, including the consequence of violence and father-son relationships. The film was released on July 12, 2002, and eventually grossed over $180 million worldwide. The cinematography, setting, and the lead performances by Hanks and Newman were well received by critics. It was released on home media on February 25, 2003. In 1931, during the Great Depression, Michael Sullivan, Sr. is an

the graphic novel by Steven Spielberg while he was filming ""Cast Away"". Initially too busy to make sense of the story, he later received David Self's adapted screenplay, to which he became attached. Hanks, a father to four children, described Michael Sullivan's role, ""I just got this guy. If you're a man, and you've got offspring ... emotionally, it's devastating."" Tyler Hoechlin was chosen from over 2,000 candidates to portray Michael Sullivan's son. The actor was 14 years old at the time of filming. For scenes in which Hoechlin's character assisted his father as a getaway driver, Hoechlin was trained

enforcer for Irish mob boss John Rooney in Rock Island, Illinois. Rooney raised the orphan Sullivan and loves him more than his own biological son, Connor. Rooney sends Connor and Sullivan to meet with disgruntled associate Finn McGovern, but Connor shoots McGovern, resulting in Sullivan gunning down McGovern's men. Sullivan's twelve-year-old son Michael Jr. has hidden in his father's car and witnesses the event. Despite Sullivan swearing his son to secrecy, Rooney pressures Connor to apologize for the reckless action. That night, Connor murders Sullivan's wife Annie and younger son Peter. At the same time, he sends Sullivan to an

lighting effects. One of Hall's methods was to use black silk in daylight exterior scenes to filter the light enough to create an in-shade look. Hall purposely distanced the camera from Hanks' character, Michael Sullivan Sr., at the beginning of the film to establish the perspective of Sullivan's son, who is unaware of his father's true nature. Hanks' character was filmed as partially obscured and seen through doorways, and his entrances and exits took place in shadows. A wide lens was used to maintain a distance from the character. Shots in the film were drawn directly from panels in the

believed that Capone was more menacing as an unseen presence. Actor Alfred Molina was approached to portray Capone, but Molina was forced to turn the role down due to scheduling conflicts with ""Frida"" (2002). Before filming, Mendes sought to produce a period film that would avoid clichés in the gangster genre. He chose to film ""Road to Perdition"" on location in downtown at the University Club of Chicago, the Chicago neighborhood of Pullman, the Charles G. Dawes House in Evanston, as well as the Chicago suburb of Geneva, Illinois. The Armory, the state's largest location mainstay which houses the Illinois

graphic novel, illustrated by Richard Piers Rayner. An instance of the direct influence is the scene in which Michael Jr. looks up at the Chicago skyline from the vehicle, with the skyline reflected in the vehicle's glass. A seamless 40-second driving scene, in which Michael Sullivan and his son travel into Chicago from the countryside, was aided by visual effects. The live-action part of the scene was filmed at LaSalle Street, and due to the lack of scenery for part of the drive down LaSalle Street, the background of Balbo Drive was included with the use of visual effects. The

film's title, ""Road to Perdition"", is both Michael Sullivan and his son's destination town and a euphemism for Hell, a road that Sullivan desires to prevent his son from traveling. Sullivan, who chooses his violent path early on in life, considers himself irredeemable and seeks to save his son from a similar fate. Said Mendes, ""[Sullivan] is in a battle for the soul of his son. Can a man who has led a bad life achieve redemption through his child?"" Hanks described Sullivan as a man who achieved a comfortable status through violent means, whose likely repercussions he ignored. Sullivan

quick, reflecting the actual speed of violence in the real world. The focus was not on the direct victims of the perpetuated violence, but the impact of violence on the perpetrators or witnesses to the act. The film also explores father-son relationships, not only between Michael Sullivan and his son, but between Sullivan and his boss, John Rooney, and between Rooney and Connor. Sullivan simultaneously idolizes and fears Rooney, and Sullivan's son feels the same about his own father. Rooney's son, Connor, has none of Sullivan's redeeming qualities, and Rooney is conflicted about whom to protect: his biological son or

ambush at a speakeasy. Sullivan realizes it's a set-up, kills two men at the bar, and escapes. He goes to Chicago with his surviving son to seek Al Capone, for work and to discover the location of Connor, who has gone into hiding. Capone's underboss Frank Nitti rejects Sullivan's proposals, before informing Rooney of the meeting. Rooney reluctantly allows Nitti to dispatch assassin Harlen Maguire, who is also a voyeuristic crime scene photographer, to kill Sullivan. Maguire tracks him and his son to a roadside diner, but fails to kill Sullivan; realizing Maguire's intentions, Sullivan escapes through the bathroom and

"Anterior pituitary"
cascading physiological responses. Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus project axons to the median eminence, at the base of the brain. At this site, these cells can release substances into small blood vessels that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels). Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary’s function. GABA can either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) and can stimulate

"Pituitary gland"
types of cells can be differentiated. The posterior lobe develops as an extension of the hypothalamus. The posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by cell bodies in the hypothalamus. The magnocellular neurosecretory cells, of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei located in the hypothalamus, project axons down the infundibulum to terminals in the posterior pituitary. This simple arrangement differs sharply from that of the adjacent anterior pituitary, which does not develop from the hypothalamus. The release of pituitary hormones by both the anterior and posterior lobes is under the control of the hypothalamus, albeit in different ways. The anterior pituitary synthesizes and

"Posterior pituitary"
Posterior pituitary The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. The hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system is composed of the hypothalamus (the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus), posterior pituitary, and these axonal projections. The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular

Hypothalamus
in turn regulates various endocrine glands and organs. Releasing hormones (also called releasing factors) are produced in hypothalamic nuclei then transported along axons to either the median eminence or the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released as needed. In the hypothalamic–adenohypophyseal axis, releasing hormones, also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones, are released from the median eminence, a prolongation of the hypothalamus, into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the anterior pituitary where they exert their regulatory functions on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones. These hypophysiotropic hormones are stimulated by parvocellular neurosecretory cells located in the

neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. These axons store and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the neurohypophyseal capillaries, from there they get into the systemic circulation (and partly back into the hypophyseal portal system). In addition to axons, the posterior pituitary also contains pituicytes, specialized glial cells resembling astrocytes assisting in the storage and release of the hormones. Classification of the posterior pituitary varies, but most sources include the two regions below: The median eminence is only occasionally included as part of the posterior pituitary. Other sources specifically exclude it from the

pituitary. A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis. Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are created in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary. After creation, they are stored in neurosecretory vesicles regrouped into Herring bodies before being secreted in the posterior pituitary via the

Anterior pituitary A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland that sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica (""Turkish chair/saddle""). It is composed

secretes hormones. All releasing hormones (-RH) referred to, can also be referred to as releasing factors (-RF). Somatotropes: Corticotropes: Thyrotropes: Gonadotropes: Lactotropes: These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system. There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes the following important endocrine hormone: The posterior pituitary stores and secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones: Magnocellular neurons: Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland

lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence via a small tube called the pituitary stalk (also called the infundibular stalk or the infundibulum). Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help in controlling growth, blood pressure, energy management, all functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief. The pituitary gland, in humans, is a pea-sized gland that sits in a

"Pituitary stalk"
Pituitary stalk The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk, Fenderson's funnel, or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess—the infundibular recess—into the infundibulum, where the apex of the pituitary is attached. It passes through the dura mater of the diaphragma sellae as it carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, into the blood. This connection is called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract or hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal

Mewtwo
Mewtwo Mewtwo is a fictional creature from Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures' ""Pokémon"" media franchise. Created by Ken Sugimori, it first appeared in the video games ""Pokémon Red"" and ""Blue"" and their sequels, and later appeared in various merchandise, spinoff titles, as well as animation adaptations of the franchise. Masachika Ichimura voiced the franchise's original Mewtwo character in Japanese, and the creature's younger self is voiced by Fujiko Takimoto in the ""Sound Picture Box: Mewtwo's Origin"" CD drama and Showtaro Morikubo in the anime adaptation. In English, Jay Goede voiced Mewtwo in ""Mewtwo Strikes Back"" and the ""Pokémon Live!"" musical.

Mewtwo
personality became more arrogant and megalomaniacal; localization director Norman Grossfield ruled the changes necessary, as he believed American audiences needed a ""clearly evil"" rather than ambiguous villain. In the film, Mewtwo is voiced by Philip Bartlett in English, and by Ichimura in Japanese. In this film, Mewtwo displayed unique abilities and powers unseen in other Pokémon, such as blocking all Pokémon moves in his arena when the clones face off against the originals. In September 1999, Nintendo published ""Sound Picture Box Mewtwo"", which included ""The Birth of Mewtwo: Pokémon Radio Drama"", a CD drama that expands upon Mewtwo's origins. Created

Mewtwo
For the former production, he was credited under the pseudonym ""Philip Bartlett"". Dan Green provided the voice in ""Mewtwo Returns"". Actress Reiko Takashima voices a separate Mewtwo character in the prequel special ""Mewtwo: Prologue to Awakening"" and the film """"; this second Mewtwo is voiced by actress Miriam Pultro in the English dub. In the video games, the player can fight and capture Mewtwo to pit it against other Pokémon. The player first learns of Mewtwo late in ""Pokémon Red"" and ""Blue"" by reading research documents left in a ruined laboratory on Cinnabar Island. Regarded as one of the series'

Mewtwo
final opponent, but also as the main antagonist responsible for the game's events. Other games, such as ""Super Smash Bros. Melee"" and the """" series, have featured Mewtwo as an unlockable player character that must be defeated before it may be used, while others like ""Pokémon Snap"" have featured the character in cameos, appearing once certain conditions have been met. For all appearances in which the character has spoken dialogue, Mewtwo is voiced by Masachika Ichimura, with the exception of ""Pokémon Puzzle League"", where it is voiced by Philip Bartlett, and ""Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS"" and ""Wii U"",

"Leah Applebaum"
Leah Applebaum Leah Applebaum is an American voice actress and Broadway actress. She is best known as the voice of Nanami Kiryu from Revolutionary Girl Utena and Erika, the Grass type Gym Leader from the internationally acclaimed Pokémon series. Applebaum first got into voice acting while working for a Broadway sketch comedy called My Thoughts Here in New York when she got a call from a casting director who was casting for the Hugo Award winning Think Like a Dinosaur, a Sci-Fi Channel program. Applebaum got the lead role of Kamala Shastri, which led her to be cast as a

"Megan Hollingshead"
William Esper Studio, and is a founding member of the Adirondack Theatre Festival. She serves as a yoga instructor in her spare time. Megan Hollingshead Megan T.D. Hollingshead (born September 22, 1968), also known as Karen Thompson or Kelli Kassidi, is an American voice actress, best known for her roles as Nurse Joy in ""Pokémon"", Mai Valentine in ""Yu-Gi-Oh!"", Shizune in ""Naruto"", Caster in ""Fate/stay night"", Rangiku Matsumoto in ""Bleach"", and Re-l Mayer in ""Ergo Proxy"". Best known for her anime dubbing work, Megan's most famous roles include Nurse Joy, Cassidy in the first 6 seasons of the ""Pokémon"" anime

"Pokémon 3: The Movie"
Pokémon 3: The Movie Pokémon 3: The Movie: Entei – Spell of the Unown, commonly referred to as Pokémon 3: The Movie, originally released in Japan as , is a 2000 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama as the third feature-length Pokémon film. The film stars the voices of Rica Matsumoto, Ikue Ōtani, Mayumi Iizuka, Yūji Ueda, Ikue Ōtani, Koichi Yamadera, Megumi Hayashibara, Shin-ichiro Miki, Ai Kato, Masami Toyoshima, Akiko Yajima, and Naoto Takenaka. The film was released on July 8, 2000. Like its predecessors, it is preceded by a short film, this one titled ""Pikachu and Pichu"", which

"Michele Knotz"
Michele Knotz Michele Knotz is an American voice actress who works for New York-based studios such as TAJ Productions, Headline Sound, and Central Park Media. She is currently recording at DuArt Film and Video, where she provides the voices for various characters in the ""Pokémon"" franchise. Knotz was the winner of the 2003 Anime Idol voice acting contest held at the now defunct Big Apple Anime Fest convention in New York City and debuted in the role of Hajime Yagi in ""The World of Narue"". Since 2006, she has been the voices of May, Nurse Joy and Team Rocket's Jessie

"Kayzie Rogers"
is subsequently replaced by Erica Schroeder. Kayzie Rogers Kayzie Rogers is a retired American actress and voice actress. She is known for her work in anime, commercials, original animation, and video games. She has appeared in titles for 4Kids Entertainment, Central Park Media, DuArt Film and Video and TAJ Productions. Rogers is best known for her extensive voice work in the ""Pokémon"" anime franchise. She has also voiced many characters of the day; her most notable role in the franchise is Jessie's Wobbuffet, a role that she had voiced for 16 years, from 2001 to 2017. Rogers retired from acting

"Pokémon: The First Movie"
had new music re-recorded for the film's release, citing that it ""would better reflect what American kids would respond to"". John Loeffler of Rave Music produced the English-language music and composed the film score with Ralph Schuckett. Loeffler also collaborated with John Lissauer and Manny Corallo to produce the English-language ""Pikachu's Vacation"" score. Grossfeld also revealed that the English version of the film ""combines the visual sense of the best Japanese animation with the musical sensibility of Western pop culture"". Toshihiro Ono, author of """", created a manga version of the film. Asked by editors to draw Mewtwo's birth, he

DNA
coworkers Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty, identified DNA as the transforming principle, supporting Griffith's suggestion (Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment). DNA's role in heredity was confirmed in 1952 when Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase in the Hershey–Chase experiment showed that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage. Late in 1951, Francis Crick started working with James Watson at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge. In 1953, Watson and Crick suggested what is now accepted as the first correct double-helix model of DNA structure in the journal ""Nature"". Their double-helix, molecular model of DNA was then based on one X-ray

"Hershey–Chase experiment"
thousands of proteins found in cells. They had made this proposal based on the structural similarity that exists between the two macromolecules: both protein and DNA are linear sequences of monomers (amino acids and nucleotides, respectively). Once the Hershey–Chase experiment was published, the scientific community generally acknowledged that DNA was the genetic code material. This discovery led to a more detailed investigation of DNA to determine its composition as well as its 3D structure. Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick with the help of previously documented experimental evidence by Maurice Wilkins

"DNA sequencing"
to be used to reconstruct the other, an idea central to the passing on of hereditary information between generations. The foundation for sequencing proteins was first laid by the work of Frederick Sanger who by 1955 had completed the sequence of all the amino acids in insulin, a small protein secreted by the pancreas. This provided the first conclusive evidence that proteins were chemical entities with a specific molecular pattern rather than a random mixture of material suspended in fluid. Sanger's success in sequencing insulin greatly electrified x-ray crystallographers, including Watson and Crick who by now were trying to understand

a particular modification, e.g., the 5mC (5 methyl cytosine) common in humans, may or may not be detected. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was first discovered and isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869, but it remained understudied for many decades because proteins, rather than DNA, were thought to hold the genetic blueprint to life. This situation changed after 1944 as a result of some experiments by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty demonstrating that purified DNA could change one strain of bacteria into another. This was the first time that DNA was shown capable of transforming the properties of cells. In

"Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment"
another. These experiments helped pave the way for the discovery of the structure of DNA. In 1953, with the help of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed DNA is structured as a double helix. In the 1960s, one main DNA mystery scientists needed to figure out was the number of bases found in each code word, or codon, during transcription. Scientists knew there was a total of four bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine). They also knew that were 20 known amino acids. George Gamow suggested that the genetic code was made of

"Ancestral reconstruction"
advocate a more computationally intensive Bayesian approach that accounts for uncertainty in tree reconstruction by evaluating ancestral reconstructions over many trees. The concept of ancestral reconstruction is often credited to Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling. Motivated by the development of techniques for determining the primary (amino acid) sequence of proteins by Frederick Sanger in 1955, Zuckerkandl and Pauling postulated that such sequences could be used to infer not only the phylogeny relating the observed protein sequences, but also the ancestral protein sequence at the earliest point (root) of this tree. However, the idea of reconstructing ancestors from measurable biological characteristics

"Billy Graham rule"
Billy Graham rule The Billy Graham rule is a practice among male evangelical Protestant leaders, in which they avoid spending time alone with women to whom they are not married. It is named after Billy Graham, a proponent of the practice, although recently has also been called the Mike Pence rule. It is adopted as a display of integrity, a means of avoiding sexual temptation, and to avoid any appearance of doing something considered morally objectionable, but has been criticized as being sexist. In 1948, Graham held a series of evangelistic meetings in Modesto, California. Together with Cliff Barrows, Grady

"Do not go gentle into that good night"
Do not go gentle into that good night ""Do not go gentle into that good night"" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953). Though first published in the journal ""Botteghe Oscure"" in 1951, it was written in 1947 when Thomas was in Florence with his family. It was published, along with other stories previously written, as part of Thomas' ""In Country Sleep, And Other Poems"" of 1952. It has been suggested that the poem was written for Thomas' dying father, although he did not die until just

"The Silent Princess"
and the son revealed the curse and asked permission to search the world for her. His father granted it. The prince set out with an old steward, and after three old men gave them directions and warnings, he finally found the mountain where the princess sat behind seven veils and never spoke. The mountain was surrounded by human bones and mourners, who warned the prince that he needed the leave of the sultan to be escorted into the princess's presence, and the bones could tell him the effect of his decision. The prince could not think of a way to

"Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?"
Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? (sometimes expressed as troublesome or meddlesome priest) is an utterance attributed to Henry II of England, which led to the death of Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170. While it was not expressed as an order, it caused four knights to travel from Normandy to Canterbury, where they killed Becket. The phrase is now used to express the idea that a ruler's wish can be interpreted as a command by his or her subordinates. Henry's outburst came at Christmas 1170

misconstrue as a directive to assassinate the main character. Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? (sometimes expressed as troublesome or meddlesome priest) is an utterance attributed to Henry II of England, which led to the death of Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170. While it was not expressed as an order, it caused four knights to travel from Normandy to Canterbury, where they killed Becket. The phrase is now used to express the idea that a ruler's wish can be interpreted as a command by his

Fatimah
some Quranic commentators, following the first verse of Surah Al-Qadr, that the meaning [entire example] of Night (لَيْلَةِ ) is Fatima. Some traditions are also narrated from Shia Imams regarding to this matter. After the gathering at Saqifa, Umar and his supporters went to the house of Fatimah; Ali, his family (including Fatimah), and some of his supporters were in the house. Umar went to the door of Fatimah's house and said, ""By Allah, I shall burn down (the house) over you unless you come out and give the oath of allegiance (to Abu Bakr)."" Zubayr ibn al-Awam, who had

"John Peel (huntsman)"
various duties of bankrobbers (ie a Bellman, in the vernacular of the London underworld, is the man whose job it is to fix the alarms. A version of the song plays over the closing credits, sung by Lonnie Donegan John Peel (huntsman) John Peel (1776? – 13 November 1854) was an English huntsman who is the subject of the nineteenth century song D'ye ken John Peel - ""ken"" meaning 'to be aware of' or 'to know' in some dialects of the North of England and Scotland. Peel was born at Park End, near Caldbeck, Cumberland; his family moved a short

"Alypius of Thagaste"
to deepen, so did his interest in Manicheism. Alypius admired the Manichees’ strict decrees on chastity, and believed that marriage would interfere with the search for wisdom with his friends. He also studied law, and during his early life went to Rome, where he served as a magistrate. One commonly cited event, from the ""Confessions"" (6.8.13) concerns the young Alypius, who had extremely strong moral beliefs, being taken by friends to watch violent Roman games in the arena. He initially resisted this, keeping his eyes shut, but he was unable to control himself because of the sounds and eventually succumbed

Rosary
the mysteries in three sets: the Joyful Mysteries, the Sorrowful Mysteries, and the Glorious Mysteries. During 2002 Pope John Paul II said that it is fitting that a new set of five be added, termed the Luminous Mysteries, bringing the total number of mysteries to 20. The Glorious mysteries are said on Sunday and Wednesday, the Joyful on Monday and Saturday, the Sorrowful on Tuesday and Friday, and the Luminous Mysteries are said on Thursday. Usually five decades are recited in a session. For more than four centuries, the rosary has been promoted by several popes as part of the

Rosary
Ascension and beyond, known as the ""Joyful"" (or ""Joyous"") ""Mysteries"", the ""Sorrowful Mysteries"", and the ""Glorious Mysteries"". Each of these Mysteries contemplates five different stages of Christ's life. Typically a fruit (spiritual goal) are also assigned to the mystery. Below are listed from the appendix Louis Marie de Montfort's book ""Secret of the Rosary"" for the original 15 mysteries, with other possible fruits being listed in other pamphlets bracketed: Pope John Paul II, in his apostolic letter ""Rosarium Virginis Mariae"" (October 2002), recommended an additional set called the ""Luminous Mysteries"" (or the ""Mysteries of Light""). The original ""Mysteries of Light""

"Rosary devotions and spirituality"
Rosary devotions and spirituality Devotion to the Rosary is one of the most notable features of popular Catholic spirituality. According to Pope John Paul II, rosary devotions can foster some central objectives of Christian spirituality and they are ""among the finest and most praiseworthy traditions of Christian contemplation."" From its origins in the twelfth century the rosary has been seen as a meditation on the life of Christ, and it is as such that many Popes have approved of and encouraged recitation of the rosary. Use of repetitive prayer formulas goes far back in Christian history, and how these passed

Rosary
the Rosary, the recitation of the first part of the prayers is sometimes entrusted to different persons while still maintaining the traditional Leader versus Congregation style of praying. Among certain cultures, the first, third, and fifth mysteries are recited by the single leader while the other members of the group say the second part; the second and fourth mysteries are recited by the congregation by saying the first part and the leader says the second part of the prayer. The Mysteries of the Rosary are meditations on episodes in the life and death of Jesus from the Annunciation to the

of God. In his 2002 encyclical ""Rosarium Virginis Mariae"", Pope John Paul II emphasized that the final goal of Christian life is to be transformed, or ""transfigured"", into Christ, and the rosary helps believers come closer to Christ by contemplating Christ. He characterized the contemplative aspects of the rosary as follow: ""To recite the rosary is nothing other than to contemplate with Mary the face of Christ."" And quoting Pope Paul VI he reiterated the importance of contemplation, stating that without contemplation, the rosary is ""a body without soul."" The rosary may be prayed anywhere, but as in many other

"Rosary of the Seven Sorrows"
below. The recitation begins with the sign of the cross and an Act of contrition. Each sorrow is announced, (and in some versions of the recitation, a meditatory prayer is said, or a segment from the Hymn ""Stabat Mater Dolorosa""). Then on the separate bead an Our Father is said, followed by a Hail Mary for each of the seven beads. Some then close the septet of Hail Marys with a brief invocation to Our Lady of Sorrows (Commonly: """"Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart of Mary pray for us""""), or a Glory Be. The next sorrow is then announced, and carried

Rosary
The use of Novenas which include a rosary is popular among Roman Catholics. As in other Novenas, the traditional method consists of praying the rosary on nine consecutive days, and submitting a petition along with each prayer. Indulgences are provided for rosary Novenas that include specific prayers, e.g. a prayer to Saint Catherine of Siena and Saint Dominic. The longer ""54-day Rosary Novena"" consists of two parts, 27 days each, i.e. three repetitions of the 9 day Novena cycle. It is an uninterrupted series of Rosaries in honor of the Virgin Mary, reported as a private revelation by Fortuna Agrelli

of St. Peter of Verona, they began to wear a religious habit similar to the Dominicans and began to live under the rule of Saint Augustine. The Servites devoted their prayer to the rosary of the Seven Sorrows. The choice of the number was derived from the symbolic value of the number seven, suggesting fullness, completeness, and abundance. Consequently, only the principal sorrows are listed. The chaplet recalls the Sorrows the Virgin Mother of God endured in compassion for the suffering and death of her Divine Son. The Seven Dolors are taken from Scripture events and the devotion has a

Rosary
Devotion to the rosary is one of the most notable features of popular Catholic spirituality. Pope John Paul II placed the rosary at the very center of Christian spirituality and called it ""among the finest and most praiseworthy traditions of Christian contemplation."" Catholics believe the Rosary is a remedy against severe trials, temptations and the hardships of life, and that the Rosary is one of the great weapons given to believers in their battle against every evil. Saints and popes have emphasized the meditative and contemplative elements of the rosary and provided specific teachings for how the rosary should be

"Rosary and scapular"
century Rome was the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Pope Pius V requested Catholics to pray the Rosary prior to the battle, held a rosary procession in St. Peter's Square and then instituted the feast of ""Our Lady of Victory"" to commemorate the victory. A time-honored Dominican tradition holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary made fifteen specific promises to those who pray the rosary. The fifteen rosary promises range from protection from misfortune to meriting a high degree of glory in heaven. The 15 promises fall under the category of ""private revelation"", and as such are a pious tradition, which a

States, causing the two of them to move to Washington, D.C. In the fourth season of ""That's So Raven"" and on ""Cory in the House"", Victor states that Tanya (T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh) is in England studying to be a lawyer. The show shot its final few episodes in January 2006, but they weren't all aired until a year later, with the series finale airing in March 2007 and the second-to-last episode shown that November. The show's title theme song was written by John Coda, who also composed the music cues to signify scene changes and commercial breaks for this series

"That's So Raven (season 4)"
That's So Raven (season 4) The fourth and final season of ""That's So Raven"" aired on Disney Channel from February 20, 2006 to November 10, 2007. This season ultimately became the final season of the show, closing the chapter on the story of the Baxter family, which now consists of only Raven Baxter (Raven-Symoné), Cory Baxter (Kyle Massey), and Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan), following T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh's departure from the show in the third season as the matriarch, Tanya Baxter. Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown reprise their roles as Chelsea Daniels and Eddie Thomas respectively. After a record-breaking

began airing, the opening credits from season two were inexplicably replaced with the opening credits from season three for daytime network rebroadcasts and subsequent syndication. Each opening sequence, before going to the title card, always ended with the main cast being together (in clips that were not part of any episode). Seasons one, two, and three were of the Baxters sitting on their living room couch, and season four was of the Baxters (with the exception of Tanya), Eddie, and Chelsea coming down the Baxters' living room stairs. At the end of the opening credits, Raven stands next to the

third season, season four continued to accomplish many firsts for Disney Channel. It reached 100 episodes with its series finale on November 10, 2007 and second to last episode aired that November, a record which was met on October 7, 2011 with ""Wizards of Waverly Place""'s 100 episode. There would however be a continuity-error regarding the final three episodes, since they aired after the spinoff, ""Cory in the House"", premiered on January 12, 2007 with Cory and Victor moving to Washington, D.C.. Guest stars for this season included: Rose Abdoo, Candace Cameron Bure, Rae Dawn Chong, Ashley Eckstein, Jasmine Guy,

"That's So Raven (season 3)"
That's So Raven (season 3) The third season of ""That's So Raven"" aired on Disney Channel from October 1, 2004 to January 16, 2006. The season deals with the Baxter family, Raven (Raven-Symoné), Cory (Kyle Massey), Tanya (T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh) and Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan) as they continue to manage with Raven and her ability to see into the future. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-stars as Raven's best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels. The episode ""Too Much Pressure"", which aired on June 17, 2005, broke Disney Channel records by being the 66th episode of the series,

as well as ""Even Stevens"". It was produced by Jeffrey ""Def Jef"" Fortson and Christopher B. Pearman and was performed by Raven-Symoné, Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown. Each season had opening credits composed of footage from the episodes of that season. Each season also made an exception to the guideline by showing footage from the previous seasons, most of the time when it was needed. For example, if footage being shown was of the characters dancing, then footage of a character or characters would be shown. When originally broadcast, season two followed the guideline, but when season three

falling on the President, and tackles him, earning the Secret Service a chance to chase her around the grounds. Cory poses as his sister to display the uniforms, modeled by Newton and Meena. Raven is discovered outside the Oval Office window, and chased, until she actually does save Mr. Martinez from the clock. The episode ends with the credits sequence for ""That's So Pooshnick"", a show from Meena's country about a psychic girl who can see the past and always ends up messing up trying to stop the vision from happening again. Stanley and the Juicer have also made special

Linley, Susan Lucci, Frankie Ryan Manriquez, Christopher Massey, Jonathan McDaniel, Devon Odessa, Dempsey Pappion, Della Reese, Erica Rivera, Giovonnie Samuels, Drew Sidora, Mindy Sterling, Alyson Stoner, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Ricky Ullman, Travis Van Winkle, Rheagan Wallace, and Kym Whitley. This is the final season to feature T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh as Tanya Baxter. This is the last season produced by Brookwell McNamara Entertainment. This season was filmed from April 2004 to May 2005. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> That's So Raven (season 3) The third season of ""That's So Raven"" aired on Disney Channel from October 1, 2004 to January 16, 2006. The season

what is a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy called

"Public policy"
Public policy Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. The foundation of public policy is composed of national constitutional laws and regulations. Further substrates include both judicial interpretations and regulations which are generally authorized by legislation. Public policy is considered strong when it solves problems efficiently and effectively, serves and supports governmental institutions and policies, and encourages active citizenship. Other scholars define public policy as a system of ""courses of action, regulatory measures, laws,

entirely new curricula altogether. Public policy Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. The foundation of public policy is composed of national constitutional laws and regulations. Further substrates include both judicial interpretations and regulations which are generally authorized by legislation. Public policy is considered strong when it solves problems efficiently and effectively, serves and supports governmental institutions and policies, and encourages active citizenship. Other scholars define public policy as a system of ""courses of

"Public policy of the United States"
Public policy of the United States Public policy consists of a system of laws, regulations measures, courses of action, and funding priorities by a government or its representatives. Public policy decisions are often decided by a group of individuals with different beliefs and interests. The policies of the United States of America comprise all actions taken by its federal government. The executive branch is the primary entity through which policies are enacted, however the policies are derived from a collection of laws, executive decisions, and legal precedents. The policies of the United States The Almanac of Policy Issues, which provides

Policy
Policy A policy is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an organization. Policies can assist in both ""subjective"" and ""objective"" decision making. Policies to assist in subjective decision making usually assist senior management with decisions that must be based on the relative merits of a number of factors, and as a result are often hard to test objectively, e.g. work-life balance policy. In contrast policies to assist in objective decision

and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives."" Public policy is commonly embodied in ""constitutions, legislative acts, and judicial decisions."" In the United States, this concept refers not only to the result of policies, but more broadly to the decision-making and analysis of governmental decisions. As an academic discipline, public policy is studied by professors and students at public policy schools of major universities throughout the country. The U.S. professional association of public policy practitioners, researchers, scholars, and students is the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. Public policy making can be

"Public policy doctrine"
Public policy doctrine In private international law, the public policy doctrine or (French: ""public order"") concerns the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state. This addresses the social, moral and economic values that tie a society together: values that vary in different cultures and change over time. Law regulates behaviour either to reinforce existing social expectations or to encourage constructive change, and laws are most likely to be effective when they are consistent with the most generally accepted societal norms and reflect the collective morality of the society. In performing this function, Cappalli has

Ideology
United States is exceptional in its adherence to traditional beliefs, in this case Christianity. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. Political ideologies are concerned with many different aspects of a society, including (for example): the economy, education, health care, labor law, criminal law, the justice system, the provision of social security and social welfare, trade, the environment, minors, immigration, race, use

families: substantive and procedural. According to substantive conceptions, the common good is that which is shared by and beneficial to all or most members of a given community: particular substantive conceptions will specify precisely what factors or values are beneficial and shared. According to procedural formulations, by contrast, the common good consists of the outcome that is achieved through collective participation in the formation of a shared will. Under one name or another, the common good has been a recurring theme throughout the history of political philosophy. As one contemporary scholar observes, Aristotle used the idea of ""the common interest""

to become more complex and interconnected. The changes pose new challenges to the current public policy systems and pressures leaders to evolve to remain effective and efficient. As an academic discipline, public policy brings in elements of many social science fields and concepts, including economics, sociology, political economy, social policy, program evaluation, policy analysis, and public management, all as applied to problems of governmental administration, management, and operations. At the same time, the study of public policy is distinct from political science or economics, in its focus on the application of theory to practice. While the majority of public policy

Ideology
Ideology An ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons. The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy in 1796, who conceived it as the ""science of ideas"". In contemporary philosophy it is narrower in scope than that original concept, or the ideas expressed in broad concepts such as ""worldview"", ""imaginary"" and ""ontology"". In the political world, for instance, there are many well-known political ideologies, which cover a wide range of human interests. In the sense defined by French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, ideology is ""the

"Lowe's"
also expanded into western Canada, starting with three new stores in Calgary, Alberta. One of the three locations opened in late September 2010. The other two opened in early 2011. There are now stores in British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. To date (2018) Lowe's has 62 locations in Canada. Each store represents an average investment of $20.5 million ($20.4 million USD). In February 2013, former Walmart Canada and Loblaw Companies executive Sylvain Prud'homme was hired as CEO of Lowe's Canada. On May 11, 2015, Lowe's Canada announced that it would acquire the leases of 13 former Target Canada stores, as

"Lowe's"
not the creed of the First Amendment"". Representative John Conyers of Michigan called on Lowe's to apologize. Michigan state representative Rashida Tlaib contacted the company's corporate headquarters, reporting that Lowe's declined to change its decision. Based in Toronto, Ontario, Lowe's opened its first three stores in Canada on December 10, 2007, in Hamilton, Brampton and Brantford. On February 1, 2008, they opened three more stores in Toronto, East Gwillimbury, and a second store in Brampton as well as a new location in Maple (Vaughan). Currently, additional stores are under construction, with 19 now open in the province of Ontario. Lowe's

"Lowe's"
but will be operated out of Rona's headquarters in Boucherville. Lowe's plans to maintain Rona's retail banners, ""key"" executives, and the ""vast majority of its current employees"" post-acquisition. As of 2016, Lowe's Canada and Rona together have 539 store locations. Trading as Masters Home Improvement, the first store opened in Braybrook, Victoria to tradesmen on August 31, 2011 and the general public on Masters was a joint venture of the Lowe's Companies, Inc., and Woolworths Limited to compete against the Wesfarmers-owned Bunnings Warehouse, which operates in the large bigbox format similar to Lowe's and Home Depot. The stores will be

"Lowe's"
Lowe's Lowe's Companies, Inc. (), doing business as Lowe's, is an American retail company specializing in home improvement. Headquartered in Mooresville, North Carolina the company operates a chain of retail stores in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. , Lowe's and its related businesses operate more than 2,390 home improvement and hardware stores and employ over 310,000 people in North America. Lowe's is the second-largest hardware chain in the United States behind The Home Depot and ahead of Menards. Globally, Lowe's is also the second-largest hardware chain, again behind The Home Depot but ahead of European retailers Leroy Merlin, B&Q

Zellers
to a lesser extent, Home Outfitters. HBC communications manager Tiffany Bourré described these locations as featuring ""fashion apparel and a refined home product offering […with more from…] other HBC banners."" In March 2015, Target Canada ultimately filed for bankruptcy, and began the process of liquidating and closing its 133 locations. The locations were sold in turn to other parties, such as Giant Tiger, Lowe's, Super C, and Walmart. Zellers operated stores from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, to Victoria, British Columbia, and employed over 35,000 people. The average store size was 94,000 square feet (8,700 m). ""Zellers Select"" stores were

"Lowe's"
well as an Ontario distribution centre, for $151 million. In 2012, Lowe's attempted to buy Rona, Inc., a Quebec-based hardware chain. However, the deal was met with objections from Rona shareholders (particularly the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec) and operators of its franchised locations over concerns that the company could centralize its supply operations in the United States, and was eventually called off. On February 3, 2016, Rona announced that it had accepted an offer to be acquired by Lowe's for CDN$3.2 billion, pending regulatory and shareholder approval. The division will remain under the leadership of Sylvain Prud'homme,

"Rona, Inc."
Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec) and franchisees, and was eventually called off. On February 3, 2016, Rona announced that it had accepted an offer to be acquired by Lowe's for CDN$3.2 billion, pending regulatory and shareholder approval. Post-merger, Lowe's plans to maintain Rona's retail banners, and ""continue to employ the vast majority of its current employees and maintain key executives from Rona's strong leadership team"". Lowe's Canada will be operated from Rona's headquarters in Boucherville, but remain under the leadership of its current CEO Sylvain Prud'homme. The purchase was closed in May 2016. In December 2016, Lowe's announced

"Lowe's"
founded. Lowe's still maintains a major corporate presence in the county, where it employs over 2,400 people. The Central Production Office is located in the former Wilkes Mall, which Lowe's purchased in 1997. Since then, the entire 440,000 square-foot campus has been remodeled and includes a full service food court, a doctors office, and gym within the gated campus. The headquarters of subsidiary Lowe's Companies Canada, ULC is located in Boucherville, Quebec, due to the merger with Rona. Prior to 2016, Lowe's Canada was headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Lowe's won eight consecutive Energy Star awards from 2003 to 2010, including

"Lowe's"
Mexico alone. On November 5, 2018, Lowe's announced that it will be closing 51 under-performing stores, 20 stores in the United States and 31 in Canada under the Lowe's and Rona names by February 2019. In November 2018, Lowe's announced that it will close all stores in Mexico in the future. For the fiscal year 2018, Lowe's reported earnings of US$3.436 billion, with an annual revenue of US$68.619 billion, an increase of 5.5% over the previous fiscal cycle. Lowe's shares traded at over $96 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$75.8 billion in October 2018. Lowe's

"Lowe's"
adopt the big-box format in order to survive. Today, most Lowe's stores are part of the big-box variety, although some classic format stores remain in smaller markets. Lowe's has since grown nationally, as it was aided by the purchase of the Renton, Washington-based Eagle Hardware & Garden company in 1999. It is now the 2nd largest home improvement store chain in North America and has begun expanding outside the United States. The first store outside of United States was in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. According to their website, Lowe's has operated/serviced more than 2,355 locations in the United States, Canada, and

"Brant Daugherty"
his brother, Adam, and sister, Caitey. Brant's father, David, was an art teacher at Mason Middle School when he died of cancer on February 19, 2009, at age 57. Daugherty attended William Mason High School, where he played football until his sophomore year and later tried out for the school play. He continued to perform in school plays until his graduation in 2004. He moved to Los Angeles in 2008 after earning a film degree from Columbia College Chicago. He now resides in West Hollywood. He started dating actress Kimberly Hidalgo in 2016. They got engaged in February 2018 during

In 2014, he had a credited role in the Charlie Sheen FX series ""Anger Management"". Daugherty was a contestant in season 17 of ""Dancing with the Stars"" in which he partnered with professional dancer Peta Murgatroyd. They were eliminated in the eighth week of competition, finishing in seventh place. In 2018, he played Luke Sawyer in the film ""Fifty Shades Freed"". Daugherty was born and raised in Mason, Ohio, the son of David Daugherty, an art teacher, and his wife, Mary Beth (née Hirt) Daugherty, head of rehabilitation services for Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati. He grew up along with

"Gregg Sulkin"
Gregg Sulkin Gregg Sulkin is a British actor. At age ten he made his film debut in the 2002 ""Doctor Zhivago"" mini-series. He later landed the starring role in the 2006 British release ""Sixty Six"", and subsequently became known for appearing in the Disney Channel comedy series ""As the Bell Rings"" and ""Wizards of Waverly Place"". In 2010, he starred in the Disney Channel television movie ""Avalon High"". He also appeared in the television special """". He starred on MTV's show ""Faking It"" as Liam Booker from 2014 until its cancellation in 2016. He also appeared on ""Pretty Little Liars""

"Declan Macey"
drink; she passes out. Using Charity's phone, he sends a text inviting Debbie, Sam, Jai, Cain, Chas, Zak Dingle (Steve Halliwell), Leyla Harding (Roxy Shahidi) and Ashley Thomas (John Middleton) to the house. He makes his appearance apparently holding Megan and everyone (including Dan when he forces him to) hostage, where he reveals the truth about stitching Rachel up for the house fire and for the crimes that Charity had committed. He makes a quick exit from the house, showing Megan that the gun was fake and that he would never hurt her. He apologises for everything and kisses her

"Buddy Handleson"
share it with the world. I'm finally at a place in life where I can say 'I'm proud of who I am. I'm proud to be gay.'"" Buddy Handleson Buddy Handleson (born November 1, 1999) is an American actor, best known for playing Henry Dillon in Disney Teen sitcom ""Shake It Up"", Wendell Bassett in Nickelodeon comedy series ""Wendell & Vinnie"", and Newt on ""Bella and the Bulldogs"", also on Nickelodeon. Buddy is the son of Jay and Athena Handleson. On June 25, 2017, Handleson came out as gay through a caption on an Instagram photo depicting him in front

"Graham Rogers (actor)"
portraying FBI recruit Caleb Haas. In 2017, Rogers had a recurring role as Smitty in the fifth season of Showtime's crime drama series ""Ray Donovan"". On April 2, 2018, it was announced by Deadline, that Rogers was promoted to a series regular role, ahead of the premiere of the sixth season of ""Ray Donovan"". Rogers dated ""Pretty Little Liars"" star Lucy Hale, which was revealed by her in an interview with ""Us Weekly"". In July 2013, it was rumored that the couple had ended their relationship after 3 months of dating. Graham Rogers (actor) Graham Rogers (born December 17, 1990)

"TJ Ashford"
has a soft and sensitive side."" Tequan Richmond implied that TJ's naïve nature adds to his charm. ""He's definitely blind to certain things"", the actor explained. Like most teenagers, TJ thinks he knows everything he needs to know. The character was originally introduced under Garin Wolf as a love interest for the teenage Molly Lansing (Haley Pullos). The relationship is central to TJ's early development within the series. In early 2013, the series introduced Jimmy Deshler in the role of Rafe Kovich. Rafe takes develops a crush on Molly, and the writers develop a triangle between the teenagers. While Molly

"Ryan Merriman"
Ryan Merriman Ryan Earl Merriman (born April 10, 1983) is an American actor. He began his career at the age of ten and has appeared in several feature films and television shows. He is best known for a handful of Disney Channel original movies and for portraying Jake Pierce in ""The Ring Two"", Kevin Fischer in ""Final Destination 3"" and Ian Thomas in ""Pretty Little Liars"". Merriman was born in Choctaw, Oklahoma, the son of Earl and Nonalyn Merriman. He has a sister named Monica. At a young age, he began acting in commercials, print work, vocal performances, and local

"Coby Bell"
as former counter-intelligence agent Jesse Porter. Bell is married to Aviss Pinkney-Bell and has four children – two sets of twins: girl twins and girl/boy twins. In addition to acting, Bell is also a musician and songwriter in a reggae band. He also serves as a mentor to underprivileged youths in the Big Brothers of America. Coby Bell Coby Scott Bell (born May 11, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as professional football player Jason Pitts on The CW/BET comedy-drama ""The Game"" and police officer Tyrone Davis, Jr. on the NBC drama ""Third Watch"".

"Keegan Allen"
a small, non-speaking role in a documentary for Animal Planet. In 2010, Allen appeared in an episode of Nickelodeon's TV show ""Big Time Rush"". Shortly after, he began playing the recurring role of Toby Cavanaugh, the love interest of Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), on the ABC Family (later Freeform) mystery series ""Pretty Little Liars"". In addition to acting, Allen is an accomplished photographer who has published two photography books. In 2015, """"life.love.beauty"""" was released."" The Ingram and Publishers Weekly bestselling book, in Allen’s words, ""Takes you on a photographic voyage through my life so far."" In 2018, Allen published “""HOLLYWOOD:

"The New Day (professional wrestling)"
WWE. On December 14, 2016, they became the longest reigning tag team champions in WWE history (beating Demolition's 28-year-old record of 478 days with WWE's original World Tag Team Championship) and, at that time, the longest reigning champions for any WWE championship over the last two decades; they lost the renamed Raw Tag Team Championship four days later to Cesaro and Sheamus. After being drafted to SmackDown in April 2017, they went on to capture the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on three separate occasions. The early months of the stable were marked by largely negative reactions to their personas from

members being recognized as champions. The stable originally debuted on the July 21, 2014 episode of ""Raw"", but made their official television debut as The New Day in November 2014. In April 2015 at Extreme Rules, they won their first WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championship to The Prime Time Players the following month at Money in the Bank, but won it back in August at SummerSlam; their second reign became the longest in the title's history, the first to last more than a year, and the last with the title being the sole tag team championship in

fans and critics alike, but after turning into villains in April 2015, they began to receive acclaim for their entertainment value, as well as for their in-ring performances. In 2015, the trio were collectively named ""WWE Wrestler of the Year"" by ""Rolling Stone"", while also being recognized as the ""Best Gimmick"" of the year by the ""Wrestling Observer Newsletter"". Additionally, they became the first trio to win the ""Pro Wrestling Illustrated"" award for ""Tag Team of the Year"", doing so in 2015 and 2016 (the first two wins in a row in this category for two decades). Their popularity resulted

days after they lost the championships to Cesaro and Sheamus. On the December 26 episode of ""Raw"", The New Day received a rematch, but failed to reclaim the championships. The New Day would go on to host WrestleMania 33, and the following night on ""Raw"", lost to the debuting team The Revival (Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder). After the match, Kingston was attacked by The Revival, resulting in a legitimate ankle injury. On April 11, 2017, The New Day were moved to the SmackDown brand; however, they did not appear for several weeks due to Kingston's ankle injury. After appearing

where they would lose. During the 2016 WWE draft, The New Day were drafted to the Raw brand, making the WWE Tag Team Championship exclusive to the brand. In parallel to a lengthy feud with Gallows and Anderson over the titles, The New Day became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions in the title's history, breaking the old record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick and, after the creation of the SmackDown Tag Team Championship for the SmackDown brand, became the last people to have held their championship as the sole tag team title

on ""Talking Smack"", on May 23, the trio fully returned on May 30, setting their sights on The Usos' SmackDown Tag Team Championship. In the two teams' first encounter at Money in the Bank, Big E and Kingston won the match by countout, but not the title. In a rematch at Battleground, Kingston and Woods captured the titles; this marked the first time that Xavier Woods took an active part in winning a championship and his first championship-winning pinfall in WWE. They lost the title back to The Usos on the SummerSlam 2017 pre-show, regained it on the September 12

At Survivor Series, however, The New Day lost to The Shield in an interbrand six-man tag team match. At Fastlane, The New Day faced The Usos for the Smackdown Tag Team Championship, but the match ended in a no contest after interference from The Bludgeon Brothers (Harper and Rowan). At WrestleMania 34, all three teams competed in a triple threat tag team match for the titles, which The Bludgeon Brothers won. After failing to win the title at SummerSlam, when they defeated the champions by disqualification, The New Day defeated The Bludgeon Brothers in a No Disqualification match two days

The New Day (professional wrestling) The New Day are a professional wrestling stable in WWE, composed of Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods. They compete on the SmackDown brand, where they are former three-time SmackDown Tag Team Champions. They are five-time tag team champions within the company, having won the WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championship twice (with their second reign being the longest title reign for a team in WWE history at 483 days) and the SmackDown Tag Team Championship three times. As tag team champions, The New Day defends the titles under the Freebird rule, with all three

with Dolph Ziggler and AJ Lee. In November 2013, he won the Intercontinental Championship. Woods signed to WWE in 2010 and worked in FCW and NXT until the November 18, 2013 episode of ""Raw"", when he made his main roster debut. On the July 21, 2014 episode of ""Raw"", after Big E and Kingston suffered another loss as a tag team in a recent losing streak, Woods came down to address the two and he declared that they could not ""get ahead by kissing babies and shaking hands"", and that it would be ""their time to shine"". The duo then

At Money in the Bank on June 19, The New Day defeated Gallows and Anderson, The Vaudevillains and Enzo and Cass in a fatal-four way match to retain the WWE Tag Team Championship and, as of that victory, they hold the record for the longest combined reign as a tag team. On the June 20 episode of ""Raw"", The New Day confronted returning The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt, Erick Rowan and Braun Strowman) and interrupted Wyatt's promo, thus starting a feud between the two teams that would lead to a non-title six-man tag team match at Battleground on July 24,

"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)"
of the 50 greatest screen heroes. Bailey is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child, and is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's ""The Greatest Gift"". In the winter of 1919, George (aged 12, portrayed by Bobby Anderson) and his friends Bert, Ernie Bishop, Marty Hatch, Sam Wainwright, and his brother Harry are sledding on a frozen river. Harry breaks through the ice and George jumps into the freezing water to save him. George develops an infection which deafens him in his left ear. In May 1920, George

"Bobby Anderson (actor)"
He also worked as a line producer and production consultant for films such as ""Passenger 57"", ""Demolition Man"" and ""Heat"". He died of cancer at age 75 at his home in Palm Springs, California. He was survived by his wife, 3 sons, 3 daughters and 11 grandchildren. Bobby Anderson (actor) Robert James Anderson (March 6, 1933 – June 6, 2008) was an American actor and television producer, most famous for his role as the young George Bailey in ""It's a Wonderful Life"". Bobby Anderson was born in Hollywood, to a showbiz family. He was the son of Eugene Randolph Anderson,

Bobby Anderson (actor) Robert James Anderson (March 6, 1933 – June 6, 2008) was an American actor and television producer, most famous for his role as the young George Bailey in ""It's a Wonderful Life"". Bobby Anderson was born in Hollywood, to a showbiz family. He was the son of Eugene Randolph Anderson, an assistant director and production manager, and Marie Augusta Fleischer, and his brothers and cousins were editors and production managers in their own right. He was also the nephew, by marriage, of directors William Beaudine and James Flood, both of whom were married to Anderson's mother's sisters.

Gower suddenly understands, and is tearfully grateful; George promises he will keep the incident a secret: ""I won't ever tell a soul. Hope to die, I won't."" In June 1928, George (played by James Stewart) is preparing for an overseas trip. He drops by his brother Harry's graduation party at the high school, where he is re-introduced to his friend Marty's eighteen-year-old sister, Mary Hatch. While walking Mary home a car pulls up and George is informed that his father has had a stroke. Three months later, George is in a meeting with the board of directors of the Building

move out of 'Potter's Field' to the new 'Bailey Park', a residential development created by George that proves successful enough to seriously threaten Mr. Potter's rental interests. Potter offers George a job. Although this would bring a significant increase in salary George declines. George returns home to learn that Mary is pregnant. Their first child is a son, whom they name Pete after George's late father. Their second child is a daughter, Janie. During the war years, George and Mary had another two children, a girl, Zuzu, born in 1940, and a son, Tommy, born in 1941. Due to George's

George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life) George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film ""It's a Wonderful Life"". The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams in order to help his community, to the point where he feels life has passed him by. Eventually, due to a cruel business rival's manipulations, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life. The character was listed ninth on the American Film Institute's 2003 list

top ten movie dads. George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life) George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film ""It's a Wonderful Life"". The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams in order to help his community, to the point where he feels life has passed him by. Eventually, due to a cruel business rival's manipulations, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life. The character was listed ninth on the American

"Bailey Turner"
a major overhaul of the show's cast. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 February 2013. Bailey is the youngest member of the Turner family. He is portrayed as inquisitive and a nerd. He enjoys applying himself academically. Mackenzie described Bailey as being the glue of the family and someone who keeps a straight head. The actor revealed that he shares some similarities with Bailey. Shortly after his arrival, it emerged that Bailey had played a part in a robbery that saw his brother, Mason (Taylor Glockner), sent to juvenile detention, something their mother knew

"Todd Karns"
Todd Karns Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 – February 5, 2000) was an American actor. He is perhaps best remembered for playing George Bailey's younger brother, Harry Bailey, in the 1946 film ""It's a Wonderful Life"". Karns was the son of the well-known character actor Roscoe Karns and his wife Mary Fraso. He initially planned to have a career as a newspaper reporter, but participation in a little theater production changed his mind, turning him toward acting. Karns started his film career in 1941 as Harry Land in two Andy Hardy movies with Mickey Rooney, but shortly after that,

first and pretends to be drowning. After George rescues him, the man reveals himself to be George's guardian angel, Clarence Odbody. George does not believe him, and he bitterly wishes he had never been born. Inspired by this comment, Clarence shows George what the town would have been like without him, with the snow outside stopping as the change is made. In this alternative scenario Bedford Falls is instead named Pottersville, and is home to sleazy nightclubs, pawn shops, and amoral people. Bailey Park was never built, and remains an old cemetery. Mr. Gower was sent to prison for poisoning

"The Day the Music Died"
the Belmonts had joined the tour as well. The long journeys between venues on board the cold, uncomfortable tour buses adversely affected the performers, with cases of flu and even frostbite. After stopping at Clear Lake to perform, and frustrated by such conditions, Holly chose to charter a plane to reach their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota. Richardson, who had the flu, swapped places with Jennings, taking his seat on the plane, while Allsup lost his seat to Valens on a coin toss. Soon after takeoff, late at night and in poor, wintry weather conditions, the pilot lost control of

Juhl's neighbor Oscar Moffett, while Peterson's body was entangled in the wreckage. With the rest of the entourage ""en route"" to Minnesota, Anderson, who had driven the party to the airport and witnessed the plane's takeoff, had to identify the bodies of the musicians. County coroner Ralph Smiley certified that all four victims died instantly, citing the cause of death as ""gross trauma to brain"" for the three artists and ""brain damage"" for the pilot. Holly's pregnant wife, María Elena, learned of his death from the reports on television. A widow after only six months of marriage, she suffered a

The Day the Music Died On February 3, 1959, American rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. ""The Big Bopper"" Richardson were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa, together with pilot Roger Peterson. The event later became known as ""The Day the Music Died"", after singer-songwriter Don McLean referred to it as such in his 1971 song ""American Pie"". At the time, Holly and his band, consisting of Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup, and Carl Bunch, were playing on the ""Winter Dance Party"" tour across the Midwest. Rising artists Valens, Richardson and Dion and

are only two available seats."" According to Dion, it was Valens, not Richardson, who had fallen ill, so Valens and Dion flipped a coin for the seat. In his interview, no mention is made of Jennings or Allsup being invited on the plane. Dion claims that he won the toss, but ultimately decided that since the $36 fare (equivalent to US$ in today's money) equaled the monthly rent his parents paid for his childhood apartment, he could not justify the indulgence. After the show ended, Anderson drove Holly, Valens, and Richardson to the Mason City Municipal Airport. The weather at

unveiled at the crash site. A large plasma-cut steel set of Wayfarer-style glasses similar to those Holly wore sits at the access point to the crash site. A road originating near the Surf Ballroom, extending north and passing to the west of the crash site, is now known as Buddy Holly Place. The Day the Music Died On February 3, 1959, American rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. ""The Big Bopper"" Richardson were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa, together with pilot Roger Peterson. The event later became known as ""The Day

gold records and #1 Top 40 hits. Meanwhile, the funerals of the victims were being held individually; Holly and Richardson were buried in Texas, Valens in California, and Peterson in Iowa. The official investigation was carried out by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB, precursor to the NTSB). It emerged that Peterson had over four years of flying experience, of which one was with Dwyer Flying Service, and had accumulated 711 flying hours, of which 128 were on Bonanzas. He had also logged 52 hours of instrument flight training, although he had passed only his written examination, and was not yet

qualified to operate in weather that required flying solely by reference to instruments. He and Dwyer Flying Service itself were certified to operate only under visual flight rules, which essentially require that the pilot must be able to see where he is going. However, on the night of the accident, visual flight would have been virtually impossible due to the low clouds, the lack of a visible horizon, and the absence of ground lights over the sparsely populated area. Furthermore, Peterson, who had failed an instrument checkride nine months before the accident, had received his instrument training on airplanes equipped

the plane and that his efforts should be recognized. In April 2015, the NTSB declined the request, saying that the evidence presented by Coon was insufficient to merit the reconsideration of the original findings. Following the miscarriage suffered by Holly's wife and the circumstances in which she was informed of his death, a policy was later adopted by authorities not to disclose victims' names until after their families have been informed. A memorial service for Peterson was held at Redeemer Lutheran Church in Ventura, Iowa, on February 5. A funeral was held the next day at St. Paul Lutheran Church

with a conventional artificial horizon as a source of aircraft attitude information, while N3794N was equipped with an older-type Sperry F3 attitude gyroscope. Crucially, the two types of instruments display the same aircraft pitch attitude information in graphically opposite ways. The CAB concluded that the accident was due to ""the pilot's unwise decision to embark on a flight"" that required instrument flying skills he had not proved to have. A contributing factor was Peterson's unfamiliarity with the old-style attitude gyroscope fitted on board the aircraft, which may have caused him to believe that he was climbing when he was in

contracted flu during the tour and asked Jennings for his seat on the plane. When Holly learned that Jennings was not going to fly, he said in jest: ""Well, I hope your ol' bus freezes up."" Jennings responded: ""Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes"", a humorous but ill-fated response that haunted him for the rest of his life. Valens, who once had a fear of flying, asked Allsup for his seat on the plane. The two agreed to toss a coin to decide. Bob Hale, a disc jockey with Mason City's KRIB-AM, was working the concert that night and

""Supergirl"" novels. The first, ""The Flash: Hocus Pocus"", was released on October 3, 2017. The novel takes place in an alternate timeline where the show's ""Flashpoint"" event never occurred, and The Flash must fight a villain known as Hocus Pocus who can control the minds and actions of people. A sequel, ""The Flash: Johnny Quick"" was released on April 3, 2018, as well as a third novel, titled ""The Flash: The Tornado Twins"", on October 2, 2018. On October 21, 2016, ""The Art and Making of The Flash"" by Abbie Bernstein was released. This is a 160-page behind-the-scenes book with

"Dev (2019 film)"
14 December 2018 and was confirmed by the music director Harris Jayaraj in his Twitter account. Dev (2019 film) Dev () also known as Karthi 17 is an upcoming Indian Tamil language action adventure thriller film based on road adventure and inspired from the life of former Indian 1983 ICC Cricket World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev written and directed by Rajath Ravishankar on his directorial debut. The film stars Karthi and Rakul Preet Singh in the main lead prominent roles while Prakash Raj, Vamsi Krishna and Ramya Krishnan play supportive and pivotal roles in the film. Harris Jayaraj has

"Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)"
police force is rocked with terror. The media is looking for answers. The public is on the fence over these killings. These crimes reflect upon Veer, a bold, calculating, and unapologetic vigilante. Fearing the next attack, the Commissioner calls upon DCP Shivansh, their best bet to catch Veer. What follows is a confrontation of epic proportions which takes us through the corrupt underbelly of the Financial Capital. Veer and Shivansh are against the same enemy, but they are divided by a fine line. The film was released on 15 August 2018 to coincide with Indian Independence Day. The film was

Satyameva Jayate (2018 film) Satyameva Jayate ( Truth alone triumphs; ) is a 2018 Indian vigilante action film directed by Milap Milan Zaveri. The film features John Abraham and Manoj Bajpayee in lead roles. It is the second collaboration between Abraham and Bajpayee who previously appeared together on screen in Shootout at Wadala. It was released on 15 August 2018 along with Akshay Kumar's film ""Gold"". The shooting for the film began on 5 March 2018 and it premiered on 5 April 2018. The official trailer for the film was released on 28 June 2018. The film was released on

Aiyaary
Aiyaary Aiyaary () is a 2018 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Neeraj Pandey. Produced by Shital Bhatia, Dhaval Gada & Motion Picture Capital and distributed by Reliance Entertainment, Plan C Studios, Friday Filmworks & Pen India Limited. The film features Sidharth Malhotra, Manoj Bajpayee, Rakul Preet Singh, Pooja Chopra, Adil Hussain, Kumud Mishra, Naseeruddin Shah and Anupam Kher. After having its release date rescheduled from 26 January to 9 February to yet another week, it was released on February 16, 2018 The film is inspired from the Adarsh Housing society scam. One day while conducting Telephone surveillance

Bhoomikanya
Bhoomikanya Bhoomikanya is a limited series that premiered on 30 July 2018 and airs on Star Jalsha. The show portrays a modern-day adaptation of Rupak Saha’s well known classic “Tarita Puran”. Sohini Sarkar steped into the shoes of protagonist ‘Tarita’ while the characters of Maheshwar and Chandrabhanu will be portrayed by Chiranjeet Chakraborty and Kaushik Sen respectively. Tarita’s love interest is played by Anirban Bhattacharya who is debuting as Ankush, a forest ranger who helps Tarita in the travails of life. This show is also the television directorial debut for Arindam Sil who has championed multiple successful movies in the

Aiyaary
from a few scenes, the movie seems to be randomly constructed and fails to evoke any thrill."" Aiyaary Aiyaary () is a 2018 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Neeraj Pandey. Produced by Shital Bhatia, Dhaval Gada & Motion Picture Capital and distributed by Reliance Entertainment, Plan C Studios, Friday Filmworks & Pen India Limited. The film features Sidharth Malhotra, Manoj Bajpayee, Rakul Preet Singh, Pooja Chopra, Adil Hussain, Kumud Mishra, Naseeruddin Shah and Anupam Kher. After having its release date rescheduled from 26 January to 9 February to yet another week, it was released on February 16,

Bepannah
Bepannah Bepannah (Translation: ""Endless"") is a romantic mystery drama show that aired on Colors TV. The show premiered on 19 March 2018 and is produced by Cinevistaas Limited. It starred Harshad Chopda and Jennifer Winget. Aditya Hooda and Zoya Siddiqui are two individuals brought together through their spouses' betrayal. Aditya and Zoya's spouses Pooja and Yash are found dead together in a road accident. They discover that the two were having an affair. Aditya channels his grief into anger while Zoya goes into denial. She takes over Yash's company and Aditya declares himself her partner after learning Pooja had invested

"Mohan Raja"
was released on 22 December 2017. Mohan Raja next is Thani Oruvan 2 starring Jayam Ravi in 2019 Raja initially worked on official Tamil remakes of Telugu films, leading to the media nicknaming him ""Remake Raja"". He has stated, ""Remakes aren't easy. Taking up a proven hit and making it succeed again is a challenge."" While other filmmakers in Tamil cinema have often taken to plagiarism without acknowledging the source material, Raja has only worked on officially approved remake projects and his first 6 directed movies were credited to other writers. He has noted his displeasure at being referred to

"Priyanka Chopra"
scene at the end of the picture."" ""Baywatch"" was not a commercial success in North America but the film performed better in the overseas markets. The 2018 Sundance Film Festival marked the release of Chopra's next American film, ""A Kid Like Jake"", a drama about gender variance, starring Jim Parsons and Claire Danes. Amy Nicholson of ""Variety"" commended her ""charming presence"" but thought that her role added little value to the film. Chopra has completed work on Todd Strauss-Schulson's romantic comedy ""Isn't It Romantic"", co-starring Liam Hemsworth, Rebel Wilson and Adam DeVine. She will reunite with Farhan Akhtar to play

"Ayogya (2019 film)"
September 2017, Vishal confirmed he would be acting in the remake of Telugu film ""Temper"". Lakshman who earlier directed ""Bogan"" (2017), initially agreed to direct the film however he was replaced by debutant Venkat Mohan, former assistant of AR Murugadoss. The film was launched in August 23, 2018 and the shoot begun on ECR in the same day. The film's first look poster was released on November 20, 2018. The poster generated controversy when PMK leader Ramdoss slammed Vishal for holding beer bottle in his hands. The film is scheduled for release in January 2019. Ayogya (2019 film) Ayogya (English:

"Irish War of Independence"
Belfast, was notable for its sectarian character and its high number of Catholic civilian victims. Both sides agreed to a ceasefire (or 'truce') on 11 July 1921. In May, Ireland was partitioned under British law by the Government of Ireland Act, which created Northern Ireland. The post-ceasefire talks led to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921. This ended British rule in most of Ireland and, after a ten-month transitional period overseen by a provisional government, the Irish Free State was created as a self-governing Dominion on 6 December 1922. Northern Ireland remained within the United Kingdom.

"History of Ireland (1801–1923)"
in County Wicklow. There was another abortive rebellion led by Robert Emmet in 1803. The Act of Union, which constitutionally made Ireland part of the British state, can largely be seen as an attempt to redress some of the grievances behind the 1798 rising and to prevent it from destabilising Britain or providing a base for foreign invasion. In 1800 the Irish Parliament and the Parliament of Great Britain passed the Act of Union which, from 1 January 1801, abolished the Irish legislature, and merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create the United Kingdom

"History of Ireland"
Irish War of Independence) from 1919 to 1921. In the course of the fighting and amid much acrimony, the Fourth Government of Ireland Act 1920 implemented Home Rule while separating the island into what the British government's Act termed ""Northern Ireland"" and ""Southern Ireland"". In July 1921 the Irish and British governments agreed to a truce that halted the war. In December 1921 representatives of both governments signed an Anglo-Irish Treaty. The Irish delegation was led by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins. This abolished the Irish Republic and created the Irish Free State, a self-governing Dominion of the Commonwealth of

severe political and economic privations under the Penal Laws. On 1 January 1801, in the wake of the republican United Irishmen Rebellion, the Irish Parliament was abolished and Ireland became part of a new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formed by the Acts of Union 1800. Catholics were not granted full rights until Catholic Emancipation in 1829, achieved by Daniel O’Connell. The catastrophe of the Great Famine struck Ireland in 1845 resulting in over a million deaths from starvation and disease and in a million refugees fleeing the country, mainly to America. Irish attempts to break away continued

"History of the Republic of Ireland"
it succeeded in doing after a week's fighting in July 1922. Éamon de Valera declared his support for the anti-Treaty IRA after the outbreak of hostilities. A further military offensive secured Free State control over the other major towns and cities in its territory by the beginning of August. Despite their defeat in open warfare, the IRA regrouped and took up a guerrilla campaign, as they saw it, to restore the Irish Republic. The war dragged on in a guerrilla form until April 1923. In August 1922, the Free State was rocked by the death of its two main leaders.

campaign to the streets of Glasgow. It was decided that key economic targets, such as the Liverpool docks, would be bombed. The units charged with these missions would more easily evade capture because England was not under, and British public opinion was unlikely to accept, martial law. These plans were abandoned because of the truce. The war of independence in Ireland ended with a truce on 11 July 1921. The conflict had reached a stalemate. Talks that had looked promising the previous year had petered out in December when David Lloyd George insisted that the IRA first surrender their arms.

"History of Ireland (1691–1800)"
state controlled by the King of Great Britain and supervised by his cabinet in London. The great majority of its population, Roman Catholics, were excluded from power and land ownership under the penal laws. The second-largest group, the Presbyterians in Ulster, owned land and businesses but could not vote and had no political power. The period begins with the defeat of the Catholic Jacobites in the Williamite War in Ireland in 1691 and ends with the Acts of Union 1800, which formally annexed Ireland in a United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 and dissolved the Irish Parliament. In the wake

been the Dunmanway killings of April 1922, when ten Protestants were killed and three ""disappeared"" over two nights. Hart's contentions have been challenged by a number of historians, notably Niall Meehan and Meda Ryan. By October 1921 the British Army in Ireland numbered 57,000 men, along with 14,200 RIC police and some 2,600 auxiliaries and Black and Tans. The long-planned evacuation from dozens of barracks in what the army called ""Southern Ireland"" started on 12 January 1922, following the ratification of the Treaty and took nearly a year, organised by General Nevil Macready. It was a huge logistical operation, but

"Republic of Ireland"
from the 1922 disbanded Irish regiments of the British Army, capable of overwhelming the anti-treatyists. British supplies of artillery, aircraft, machine-guns and ammunition boosted pro-treaty forces, and the threat of a return of Crown forces to the Free State removed any doubts about the necessity of enforcing the treaty. The lack of public support for the anti-treaty forces (often called the ""Irregulars"") and the determination of the government to overcome the Irregulars contributed significantly to their defeat. Following a national plebiscite in July 1937, the new Constitution of Ireland (""Bunreacht na hÉireann"") came into force on 29 December 1937. This

History of the Republic of Ireland The Irish state came into being in 1922 as the Irish Free State, a dominion of the British Commonwealth, having seceded from the United Kingdom under the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It comprises 26 of the island of Ireland's 32 counties. The 1937 constitution renamed the state ""Ireland"". In 1949 it explicitly became a republic under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, definitively ending its tenuous membership of the British Commonwealth. In 1973 it joined the European Communities. From its foundation, the Irish Free State was embroiled in a civil war between nationalists

Mob"", Demme's first choice for the role of Starling was Michelle Pfeiffer, who turned it down, later saying, ""It was a difficult decision, but I got nervous about the subject matter"". Still not convinced, he went to Meg Ryan who rejected it as well for its gruesome themes and then to Laura Dern, of whom the studio was skeptical as not being a bankable choice. As a result, Foster was awarded the role due to her passion towards the character. For the role of Dr. Hannibal Lecter, Demme originally approached Sean Connery. After the actor turned it down, Anthony Hopkins

The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American psychological horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme from a screenplay written by Ted Tally, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1988 novel of the same name. The film stars Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, Scott Glenn, Ted Levine, and Anthony Heald. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer to apprehend another serial killer, known only as ""Buffalo Bill"", who skins his female victims' corpses. The novel was Harris's first and

the ""Playboy"" centerfold."" The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American psychological horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme from a screenplay written by Ted Tally, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1988 novel of the same name. The film stars Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, Scott Glenn, Ted Levine, and Anthony Heald. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer to apprehend another serial killer, known only as ""Buffalo Bill"", who skins his female victims' corpses. The novel was

as Tally explained, ""[Demme] read my first draft not long after it was finished, and we met, then I was just startled by the speed of things. We met in May 1989 and were shooting in November. I don't remember any big revisions."" Jodie Foster was interested in playing the role of Clarice Starling immediately after reading the novel. However, in spite of the fact that Foster had just won an Academy Award for her performance in the 1988 film ""The Accused"", Demme was not convinced that she was right for the part. Having just collaborated on ""Married to the

and in Beachwood Canyon, Los Angeles. On August 27, 2008, Smith spoke at an ""Open the Debates"" rally in Denver, Colorado, opposing the Commission on Presidential Debates exclusion of third party candidates from the nationally televised Presidential debates, and in support of Independent Presidential candidate Ralph Nader. Brooke Smith (actress) Brooke Smith (born May 22, 1967) is an American actress, known for her role as Dr. Erica Hahn on the ABC medical drama series ""Grey's Anatomy"", and for her role as Catherine Martin in the 1991 horror film ""The Silence of the Lambs"". Smith portrayed Sheriff Jane Greene on the

"Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)"
episode's title is a semi-joking reference to the 1991 horror thriller ""The Silence of the Lambs"" and the 1988 novel of the same name on which the film was based. The film, the novel, and the episode all deal with serial killers and the brave female detectives who hunt them down (in the case of ""The Silence of the Lambs"", this character is Clarice Starling). Among this episode's guest stars include Tina Majorino, who makes her second appearance on the show (after ""Like a Virgin"") and Aaron Paul, who would later receive three Primetime Emmy Award wins for his performance

edge between psychological study and all-out horror, and benefits greatly from stellar performances by Anthony Hopkins and Jodie Foster."" Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 85 out of 100, based on 19 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""A-"" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert, of ""Chicago Sun-Times"", specifically mentioned the ""terrifying qualities"" of Hannibal Lecter. Ebert later added the film to his list of ""The Great Movies"", recognizing the film as a ""horror masterpiece"" alongside such classics as ""Nosferatu"",

"Candice DeLong"
Candice DeLong Candice DeLong (born July 16, 1950) is a former FBI criminal profiler and criminologist. DeLong was the lead profiler in San Francisco, California, and worked on the Unabomber case. Currently, she hosts the Investigation Discovery programs ""Deadly Women"" and ""Facing Evil with Candice DeLong"". She has often been compared to the protagonist of the movie ""The Silence of the Lambs"", Clarice Starling. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, DeLong is the daughter of a building contractor father and a homemaker mother. Growing up, DeLong stated that her father had told her to choose a practical career. Before entering

"The Silence (upcoming film)"
The Silence (upcoming film) The Silence is an upcoming American-German horror film, directed by John R. Leonetti, from a screenplay by Carey Van Dyke and Shane Van Dyke, based upon the novel of the same name by Tim Lebbon. It stars Kiernan Shipka, Stanley Tucci, Miranda Otto, John Corbett and Kyle Breitkopf. In May 2017, it was announced Kiernan Shipka and Stanley Tucci had joined the cast of the film, with John R. Leonetti directing from a screenplay by Carey Van Dyke and Shane Van Dyke, based upon the novel of the same name by Tim Lebbon. Robert Kulzer, Alexandra

<nowiki>*</nowiki> – Also set record at time of completion as tallest building ever built. The height of Lincoln Cathedral is disputed by some, but accepted by most sources. The completion date for the spire is given as 1311 rather than 1300 by some sources. Also the height of the spire of Old St Paul's Cathedral, destroyed by lightning in 1561, is disputed, for example Christopher Wren (1632–1723) judged that an overestimate and gave a height of . The spire of Mole Antonelliana in Turin, completed in 1889, is claimed to have been tall; however, the upper part of the structure

tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) Warsaw radio mast. Since the completion of the Washington Monument in 1884, the world's tallest building has not usually also been the world's tallest ""structure"". The exceptions are 1930–1954, when the Chrysler Building and then the Empire State building surpassed the Eiffel Tower (to be surpassed in turn by a succession of broadcast masts, starting with the Griffin Television Tower in Oklahoma), and from 2010 with the completion of Burj

the world's tallest buildings were churches or cathedrals. Later, the Eiffel Tower and, still later, some radio masts and television towers were the world's tallest structures. However, though all of these are ""structures"", some are not ""buildings"" in the sense of being regularly inhabited or occupied. It is in this sense of being regularly inhabited or occupied that the term ""building"" is generally understood to mean when determining what is the world's tallest building. The non-profit international organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), which maintains a set of criteria for determining the height of tall buildings, defines

"Kathryn Card"
was in the 1964 MGM musical ""The Unsinkable Molly Brown"". Card had a daughter, Ada Card. On March 1, 1964, Card died as a result of a fatal heart attack at the age of 71 at her home in Costa Mesa, California. She is interred in Harbor Lawn-Mount Olive Memorial Park in Costa Mesa. Kathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on ""I Love Lucy"". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the

"Doris Singleton"
(1985), though she appeared in advertising and voice overs for many subsequent years, most notably in recurring ads for Hills Brothers' Coffee. Singleton married Charles Isaacs in 1941, and they remained married until he died on December 13, 2002. Singleton resided in the Greater Los Angeles area. She died in Los Angeles in 2012, aged 92, from complications of cancer. She had no children and left no immediate survivors. Doris Singleton Doris Singleton (born Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 – June 26, 2012) was an American actress, perhaps best remembered as Lucy Ricardo's nemesis/frenemy, Carolyn Appleby, in ""I Love Lucy"".

"Elizabeth Patterson (actress)"
Elizabeth Patterson (actress) Mary Elizabeth Patterson (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American theatre, film, and television character actress who gained popular recognition late in her career playing the elderly neighbor Matilda Trumbull on the television comedy series ""I Love Lucy"". Born in 1874 in Savannah, Tennessee, Mary Elizabeth Patterson was the child of Mildred (""née"" McDougal) and Edmund D. Patterson, a Confederate army veteran. Federal census records document that her father by 1880 was a lawyer and residing with his wife and children in the home of his father-in-law, Garrick Archibald McDougal, a widower, who was

Kathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on ""I Love Lucy"". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the late 1930s, notably ""Uncle Walter's Doghouse"", broadcast on NBC from 1939 to 1942. She played Grandma Barton in ""The Bartons"" from December 25, 1939, to September 11, 1942, and played three roles (Carrie, Sue, and Bess) on ""Just Neighbors"" May 30-September 23, 1938. In 1943, she was a cast member of ""Helpmate"", a daytime

"Lucille Ball"
Lucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, model, entertainment studio executive, and producer. She was the star of the self-produced sitcoms ""I Love Lucy"", ""The Lucy Show"", ""Here's Lucy"", and ""Life with Lucy"", as well as comedy television specials aired under the title ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"". Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on Broadway using the stage names Diane Belmont and Dianne Belmont. She later appeared in several minor film roles in the 1930s and 1940s

"Carole Cook"
Carole Cook Carole Cook (born January 14, 1924) is an American actress of musical theatre, film, and television. She was born Mildred Frances Cook in 1924 in Abilene, Texas, one of four children born to Leland Preston (L.P.) Cook, Sr., and his wife, Maudine. She later became a protégé of actress and comedian Lucille Ball, who gave the ingenue her stage name of ""Carole"", for Ball's friend Carole Lombard. Ball reportedly told Cook, ""you have the same healthy disrespect for everything in general"". Cook appeared regularly on ""The Lucy Show"" and ""Here's Lucy"". Ball was matron of honor at Cook's

written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution. Lucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, model, entertainment studio executive, and producer. She was the star of the self-produced sitcoms ""I Love Lucy"", ""The Lucy Show"", ""Here's Lucy"", and ""Life with Lucy"", as well as comedy television specials aired under the title ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"". Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on

Doris Singleton Doris Singleton (born Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 – June 26, 2012) was an American actress, perhaps best remembered as Lucy Ricardo's nemesis/frenemy, Carolyn Appleby, in ""I Love Lucy"". Singleton, born in New York City, trained as a ballerina, dancing for three seasons in the mid-1930s with the newly formed ""Ballet Theatre"", later to become the American Ballet Theatre. She began her career in show business as a vocalist in the late 1930s with Art Jarrett's orchestra. Her distinctive low, lyrical voice made her a favorite in the radio industry. Singleton worked in New York during World War

who was the successful commanding general of the northern forces in the civil war

"Confederate States Army"
Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam Campaign. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War, served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. The following men had varying degrees of control: The lack of centralized control was a strategic weakness for the Confederacy, and there are few instances of multiple armies acting in concert across multiple theaters to achieve a

"Northern Virginia Campaign"
After the collapse of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign in the Seven Days Battles of June 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed John Pope to command the newly formed Army of Virginia. Pope had achieved some success in the Western Theater, and Lincoln sought a more aggressive general than McClellan. Pope did not endear himself to his subordinate commanders—all three selected as corps commanders technically outranked him—or to his junior officers, by his boastful orders that implied Eastern soldiers were inferior to their Western counterparts. Some of his enlisted men were encouraged by Pope's aggressive tone. The Union Army of Virginia was constituted

"Army of Northern Virginia"
Gustavus Woodson Smith commanded the ANV on May 31, 1862, following the wounding of Gen. J. E. Johnston during the Battle of Seven Pines. With Smith seemingly having a nervous breakdown, President Jefferson Davis drafted orders to place Gen. Robert E. Lee in command the following day. On June 1, 1862, its most famous and final leader, General Robert E. Lee, took command after Johnston was wounded, and Smith suffered what may have been a nervous breakdown, at the Battle of Seven Pines. William Whiting received permanent command of Smith's division, while Richard Anderson reverted to brigade command. Longstreet served

classified as a political organization and the Mormon leaders are executed, including the historical Brigham Young. The United States' attempt to invade Confederate Virginia is easily thrown back by Gen. Thomas ""Stonewall"" Jackson as the United States struggles to find a man his equal. A key reason for the Confederate success in the war, in addition to fighting a defensive war, is that the Confederates are led by excellent generals like Jackson, while the United States' military, despite possessing an advantage in numbers and resources, suffers from incompetent leadership. William Rosecrans, the commander of the US Army, says at one

South Carolina forced Cornwallis to withdraw and winter in South Carolina. Gates was replaced by Washington's most dependable subordinate, General Nathanael Greene. Greene assigned about 1,000 men to General Daniel Morgan, a superb tactician who crushed Tarleton's troops at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781. As after Kings Mountain, Cornwallis was later criticized for detaching part of his army without adequate support. Greene proceeded to wear down his opponents in a series of skirmishes and military movements referred to as the ""Race to the Dan"" (so named because the Dan River flows close to the border between North

"Military leadership in the American Civil War"
quite early in the conflict. Handicapped by an aging 90 ship fleet, and despite significant manpower losses to the Confederate Navy after secession, a massive ship construction campaign embracing technological innovations from civil engineer James Buchanan Eads and naval engineers like Benjamin F. Isherwood and John Ericsson, along with four years' daily experience with modern naval conflict put the U. S. Navy onto a path which has led to today's world naval dominance. Commanding Officer, U.S.N. Jefferson Davis was named provisional president on February 9, 1861, and assumed similar commander-in-chief responsibilities as would Lincoln; on November 6, 1861 Davis was

generals, Grant fought on rather than retreat. Grant was tenacious and kept pressing Lee's Army of Northern Virginia back to Richmond. While Lee was preparing for an attack on Richmond, Grant unexpectedly turned south to cross the James River and began the protracted Siege of Petersburg, where the two armies engaged in trench warfare for over nine months. Grant finally found a commander, General Philip Sheridan, aggressive enough to prevail in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Sheridan was initially repelled at the Battle of New Market by former U.S. Vice President and Confederate Gen. John C. Breckinridge. The Battle of

actions by Grant that, with the sole exception of the Battle of Shiloh, would continue for the rest of the war. Albert Sidney Johnston was considered one of the best generals serving in the Western Theater. By 1862, he commanded all Confederate forces between the Cumberland Gap and Arkansas. Before the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Johnston had advocated improving the forts' structures as well as deploying additional troops and arms to more adequately defend them. The Confederate government failed to meet these recommendations. Ulysses S. Grant captured the forts in February 1862 and launched a full-scale invasion

"Battle of North Anna"
the Confederacy. By late May 1864, only two of these continued to advance: Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign and the Overland Campaign, in which Grant accompanied and directly supervised the Army of the Potomac and its commander, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Grant's campaign objective was not the Confederate capital of Richmond, but the destruction of Lee's army. President Abraham Lincoln had long advocated this strategy for his generals, recognizing that the city would certainly fall after the loss of its principal defensive army. Grant ordered Meade, ""Wherever Lee goes, there you will go also."" Although he hoped

"Red fox"
Red fox The red fox (""Vulpes vulpes"") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN. Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been introduced to Australia, where it is considered harmful to native mammals and bird populations. Due to its presence in Australia, it is included among the list of the ""world's 100 worst invasive species"". The red fox originated from

"Red fox"
when the GPS collar stopped transmitting, due to suspected water damage. Along with setting a record for the longest journey undertaken by a tracked fox in the United Kingdom, his travels have highlighted the fluidity of movement between rural and urban fox populations. Red fox The red fox (""Vulpes vulpes"") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN. Its range has increased

"Red wolf"
from the Atlantic Ocean to central Texas, and in the north from the Ohio River Valley, northern Pennsylvania and southern New York south to the Gulf of Mexico. The red wolf was nearly driven to extinction by the mid-1900s due to aggressive predator-control programs, habitat destruction, and extensive hybridization with coyotes. By the late 1960s, it occurred in small numbers in the Gulf Coast of western Louisiana and eastern Texas. Fourteen of these survivors were selected to be the founders of a captive-bred population, which was established in the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium between 1974 and 1980. After a

"Red fox"
jackals and medium- and large-sized felines. The species has a long history of association with humans, having been extensively hunted as a pest and furbearer for many centuries, as well as being represented in human folklore and mythology. Because of its widespread distribution and large population, the red fox is one of the most important furbearing animals harvested for the fur trade. Too small to pose a threat to humans, it has extensively benefited from the presence of human habitation, and has successfully colonised many suburban and urban areas. Domestication of the red fox is also underway in Russia, and

"Red deer"
Red deer The red deer (""Cervus elaphus"") is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, Iran, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source. Red deer are ruminants,

"Red wolf"
rare. A likely mechanism for avoidance of inbreeding is independent dispersal trajectories from the natal pack. Many of the young wolves spend time alone or in small non-breeding packs composed of unrelated individuals. The union of two unrelated individuals in a new home range is the predominant pattern of breeding pair formation. Inbreeding is avoided because it results in progeny with reduced fitness (inbreeding depression) that is predominantly caused by the homozygous expression of recessive deleterious alleles. Prior to its extinction in the wild, the red wolf's diet consisted of rabbits, rodents, and nutria (an introduced species). In contrast, the

"Red squirrel"
least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, in some areas it is abundant and is hunted for its fur. Although not thought to be under any threat worldwide, the red squirrel has nevertheless drastically reduced in number in the United Kingdom; especially after the grey squirrels were introduced from North America in the 1870s. Fewer than 140,000 individuals are thought to be left in 2013; approximately 85% of which are in Scotland, with the Isle of Wight being the largest haven in England. A local charity, the Wight Squirrel Project, supports red squirrel conservation on the island, and islanders

Red squirrel The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel (""Sciurus vulgaris"") is a species of tree squirrel in the genus ""Sciurus"" common throughout Eurasia. The red squirrel is an arboreal, omnivorous rodent. In Great Britain, Ireland, and in Italy numbers have decreased drastically in recent years. This decline is associated with the introduction by humans of the eastern grey squirrel (""Sciurus carolinensis"") from North America and habitat loss. Due to this, without conservation the species could be extirpated from Great Britain by 2030. The red squirrel has a typical head-and-body length of , a tail length of , and a

"Red deer"
and the United States showed their ideas of horn furniture and a kind of series manufacturing began. Heinrich Friedrich Christoph Rampendahl and Friedrich Wenzel are only two acknowledged companies to be named. In recent times deer antler home decors can be found in home styling magazines. Red deer The red deer (""Cervus elaphus"") is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, Iran, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of

"Red fox"
smaller-sized ancestors from Eurasia during the Middle Villafranchian period, and colonised North America shortly after the Wisconsin glaciation. Among the true foxes, the red fox represents a more progressive form in the direction of carnivory. Apart from its large size, the red fox is distinguished from other fox species by its ability to adapt quickly to new environments. Despite its name, the species often produces individuals with other colourings, including albinos and melanists. Forty-five subspecies are currently recognised, which are divided into two categories: the large northern foxes, and the small, basal southern foxes of Asia and North Africa. Red

"V sign"
visiting London. In the US, the poster was altered to instead show Bynes with both arms down, to avoid giving the perception that the film was criticizing the then-recently commenced Iraq War. Notes Bibliography V sign The V sign is a hand gesture in which the index and middle fingers are raised and parted, while the other fingers are clenched. It has various meanings, depending on the cultural context and how it is presented. When displayed with the palm inward toward the signer, it has long been an offensive gesture in some Commonwealth nations. In the 1940s, during the Second

"V sign"
V sign The V sign is a hand gesture in which the index and middle fingers are raised and parted, while the other fingers are clenched. It has various meanings, depending on the cultural context and how it is presented. When displayed with the palm inward toward the signer, it has long been an offensive gesture in some Commonwealth nations. In the 1940s, during the Second World War, a campaign by the Western Allies to use the sign with the back of the hand toward the signer ( in Unicode) as a ""V for Victory"" sign proved quite effective. During

"V sign"
palm is facing toward the person giving the sign, has long been an insulting gesture in England, and later in the rest of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, India, Pakistan and New Zealand. It is frequently used to signify defiance (especially to authority), contempt, or derision. As an example of the V sign (palm inward) as an insult, on November 1, 1990, ""The Sun"", a British tabloid, ran an article on its front page with the headline ""Up Yours, Delors"" next to a large hand making a V sign protruding from a Union Jack cuff. ""The Sun"" urged its readers

"V sign"
covered in Japanese media, and she is credited by some Japanese for having popularized its use since the 1970s in amateur photographs. In Mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, the V sign is a popular pose in photographs. It is used in both casual and formal settings. For the most part in these countries, the gesture is divorced from its previous meanings as a peace sign or as an insult; for most the meaning of the sign is ""victory"" or ""yeah"", implying a feeling of happiness. It is used in both directions (palm facing the signer and palm

"V sign"
flashed this sign (palm out) while saying ""Peace"", it became popularly known (through association) as ""the peace sign"". The V sign, primarily palm-outward, is very commonly made by Japanese people, especially younger people, when posing for informal photographs, and is known as , or more commonly simply . As the name reflects, this dates to the Vietnam War era and anti-war activists, though the precise origin is disputed. The V sign was known in Japan from the post-World War II Allied occupation of Japan, but did not acquire the use in photographs until later. In Japan, it is generally believed

V
pronounced . In standard Dutch it is traditionally pronounced as but in many regions it is pronounced as in some or all positions. In Native American languages of North America (mainly Muskhogean and Iroquoian), represents a nasalized central vowel, /ə̃/. In Chinese Pinyin, while is not used, the letter is used by most input methods to enter letter , which most keyboards lack (Romanised Chinese is a popular method to enter Chinese text). Informal romanizations of Mandarin Chinese use V as a substitute for the close front rounded vowel , properly written ""ü"" in pinyin and Wade-Giles. In Irish, the

Mouthing
Mouthing In sign language, mouthing is the production of visual syllables with the mouth while signing. That is, signers sometimes say or mouth a word in a spoken language at the same time as producing the sign for it. Mouthing is one of the many ways in which the face and mouth is used while signing. Although not present in all sign languages, and not in all signers, where it does occur it may be an essential (that is, phonemic) element of a sign, distinguishing signs which would otherwise be homophones; in other cases a sign may seen to be

Th-fronting
Th-fronting ""Th""-fronting is the pronunciation of the English ""th"" as ""f"" or ""v"". When ""th""-fronting is applied, becomes (for example, ""three"" is pronounced as ""free"") and becomes (for example, ""bathe"" is pronounced as ""bave""). Unlike the fronting of to , the fronting of to usually does not occur word-initially (for example, while ""bathe"" can be pronounced as ""bave"", ""that"" is rarely pronounced as *""vat"") although this was found in the speech of South-East London in a survey completed 1990-4. ""Th""-fronting is a prominent feature of several dialects of English, notably Cockney, Essex dialect, Estuary English, some West Country and Yorkshire

"V sign"
the Vietnam War, in the 1960s, the ""V sign"" was widely adopted by the counterculture as a symbol of peace. Shortly thereafter, it also became adopted as a gesture used in photographs, especially in Japan. The meaning of the V sign is partially dependent on the manner in which the hand is positioned: The insulting version of the gesture (with the palm inward ) is often compared to the offensive gesture known as ""the finger"". The ""two-fingered salute"" (also ""the forks"" in Australia) is commonly performed by flicking the V upwards from wrist or elbow. The V sign, when the

"Initialized sign"
for disambiguation, though the signs are not semantically related. For example, in ASL, ""water"" it signed with a 'W' handshape touching the mouth, while ""dentist"" is similar apart from using a 'D' handshape. In other cases initialization is not used for disambiguation; the ASL sign for ""elevator"", for example, is an 'E' handshape moving up and down along the upright index finger of the other hand. The large number of initialized signs in ASL and French Sign Language is partly a legacy of Épée's system of Methodical Sign, in which the hand shapes of most signs were changed to correspond

"Den of Thieves (film)"
Nick, forcing Nick to shoot him. As Merrimen lies on the ground dying, Nick kneels and consoles him. When Nick inspects Merrimen's SUV, he only finds bags with shredded paper; he also finds that Donnie has escaped custody. Nick later goes to Donnie's bar and sees pictures of him with some of the crew members from the heist. It is revealed Donnie masterminded the heist to keep all of the stolen cash for himself in a second garbage truck. After the passage of some time, Donnie is working in a London bar, planning a new heist. The film was in

bring Rudy out of his house, barely alive. He begins to tell Liesel that he loves her, but he dies before he can finish the sentence. During this scene, Death is heard speaking again about how he received the souls of the dead. Liesel passes out, and one of the soldiers carries her to a stretcher. When she wakes up, she sees a book among the rubble and picks it up. She then sees the mayor and Ilsa drive up. With Ilsa being the only friend she has left, Liesel runs up to her and hugs her. Two years later,

"Rise of the Tomb Raider"
was murdered by Trinity. Lara is too late to prevent Ana from retrieving the Divine Source, but Ana is overwhelmed by its power and Lara destroys it. The Deathless Ones perish, and Jacob's immortality is lost. Happy that his death has finally come, he thanks Lara and peacefully disintegrates. Jacob's daughter, Sofia, leads the Remnant. Jonah recovers from his wounds and joins Lara in planning their next expedition, with Lara vowing to investigate more of the world's mysteries and thwart Trinity's plans. In a post-credits scene, two weeks before Lara and Jonah leave Siberia, Lara asks Ana if she killed

after Germany has fallen to the Allies, Liesel is working in the tailor shop owned by Rudy's father. Max enters. Overjoyed by his survival and return, she runs to hug him. The final scene is Death speaking again about Liesel's life and her death at the age of 90, mentioning her husband, children, and grandchildren, as we look over her modern day Manhattan Upper East Side apartment with pictures of her past and a portrait of her, upon which the camera lingers. The narrator does not state whom she married but implies that she became a writer. A search for

"Among the Dust of Thieves"
a shootout at Lee’s ranch. Mariana, a granddaughter of Albert Jennings Fountain, discovers her great grandson playing with her grandfather’s clothing and personal possessions. As she begins to tell him of Fountain’s history, the film flashes back to a New Mexico ranch in 1896, where Oliver Lee murders two ranchers and steals their cattle. Fountain, serving as Doña Ana County District Attorney, arrests a member of Lee’s gang in the case, and eventually apprehends Lee despite death threats. After Lee’s arraignment, Fountain is seen leaving town, never to be seen again. Following the disappearance, Pinkerton detective John C. Fraser arrives

"The Republic of Thieves"
Sabetha escape Karthain. Locke awakes in the night to find Patience there and Sabetha gone. Patience explains that Locke may or may not be the magi but she will not tell him. Sabetha has left after learning about this. Jean appears and Locke tells him he will respect Sabetha's wish for space and will only go after her if she would wish it. The epilogue gives a story about the Falconer and his journey regaining power. The epilogue ends with the Falconer killing his mother, Patience. This is the third book in the ""Gentleman Bastards"" series and it took the

them taken from him by Tack. With peace restored and the prophecy fulfilled, the city celebrates as Tack and Yum-Yum marry. The film ends with the thief stealing the reel of film and running away. The Allied Filmmakers cut is drastically different from Williams's workprint. Four musical numbers have been added; the film originally had none. Many scenes have been cut: These primarily consist of scenes involving the thief, most notably his attempted theft of an emerald and his subsequent evasion of capital punishment for it (though many of these scenes appear in the credits), and the subplot wherein Zigzag

guards and save the life of a Moor named Azeem, but Peter is mortally wounded in the process. After making Robin swear to protect his sister, Marian, Peter sacrifices himself so Robin can fully escape the city. Robin returns to England with Azeem, who has vowed to accompany him until his life-debt to Robin is repaid. After a run-in with Gisbourne, Robin returns home, finding his father dead and the castle in ruins. Robin tells Marian of Peter's demise and, after fleeing the Sheriff's forces, encounters a band of outlaws hiding in Sherwood Forest, led by Little John. Among the

comfort with a peasant woman. Robin's anger over what he saw as a betrayal of his mother’s memory caused his father to leave her, thereby leaving Will fatherless. Robin is overjoyed to learn that he has a brother and reconciles with Will. On the day of the wedding and hangings, Robin and his men infiltrate Nottingham Castle and free the prisoners as Azeem inspires the peasants to revolt. The Sheriff retreats with Marian into a chapel to be married; Robin pursues him and, after a fierce fight, kills the Sheriff. Mortianna attacks him, but she is slain by Azeem, fulfilling

"The Thieves"
of the evening and spend the night together. Zampano, meanwhile, unsuccessfully prods Yenicall for a confession of love. She avoids answering by setting the plan in motion. As the plan is being executed, the team, to their dismay, discovers that neither of the two safes contains the diamond. As the police rush in, Chen and Chewing Gum try to escape in a car, but Chen is shot dead and the car collides with a wall, killing Chewing Gum. Johnny manages to escape, and so does Yenicall after Zampano surrenders to the police to buy her time. In the commotion, Macau

"Social Security Amendments of 1965"
which became known as Medicare, includes Part A, which provides hospital insurance for the aged, and Part B, which provides supplementary medical insurance. Title XIX, which became known as Medicaid, provides for the states to finance health care for individuals who were at or close to the public assistance level with federal matching funds. On July 30, 1965, President Johnson signed the bill, making it Public Law 89-97. The signing took place in Independence, Missouri and was attended by Harry S. Truman. Johnson credited Truman with ""planting the seeds of compassion and duty which have today flowered into care for

Social Security Amendments of 1965 The Social Security Amendments of 1965, , was legislation in the United States whose most important provisions resulted in creation of two programs: Medicare and Medicaid. The legislation initially provided federal health insurance for the elderly (over 65) and for poor families. Many politicians were involved in drafting the final bill that was introduced to the United States Congress in March 1965. On July 30, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill into law. The concept of national health insurance began in the early 20th century in the United States and then came to

the sick and serenity for the fearful"". Implementation of the amendments required extensive data processing and the re-configuration of hospital policies nationwide. Social Security Amendments of 1965 The Social Security Amendments of 1965, , was legislation in the United States whose most important provisions resulted in creation of two programs: Medicare and Medicaid. The legislation initially provided federal health insurance for the elderly (over 65) and for poor families. Many politicians were involved in drafting the final bill that was introduced to the United States Congress in March 1965. On July 30, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill

prominence during the Truman administration. Between 1958 and 1964, controversy grew and a bill was drafted. The signing of the act, as part of Johnson's Great Society, began an era with a greater emphasis on public health issues. Medicare and Medicaid became the United States' first public health insurance programs. The legislation was vigorously opposed by the American Medical Association until it had been enacted, following which the AMA cooperated in its implementation. In 1912 Theodore Roosevelt included social insurance for sickness in the platform of his Progressive Party (United States, 1912). Around 1915 the group American Association for Labor

"Social Security Act"
Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment. In the Second New Deal, the Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. The act laid the groundwork for the modern welfare system in the United States, with its primary focus to provide aid for the elderly, the unemployed, and children. Industrialization and the urbanization in the 19th

it is the introduction of the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). Approved June 28, 1952 Public Law 82-420 H.R.7800 Approved, July 18, 1952 Public Law 82-590 H.R.9366 Approved September 1, 1954 Public Law 83-761 Approved September 1, 1954 Public Law 83-767 Title XV H.R.7544 Approved, October 24, 1963 Public Law 88-156 Title XVII H.R.6675 Approved, July 30, 1965 Public Law 89-97 Title XVIII Title XIX In the 1930s, the Supreme Court struck down many pieces of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation, including the Railroad Retirement Act. The Court threw out a centerpiece of the New Deal, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Agricultural

"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984"
Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 The Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 was signed into law by then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan on 9 October 1984. Its purpose was to ensure more accurate, consistent and uniform disability determination decisions under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, and to ensure that applicants were treated fairly and humanely. It has been described as ""one of the key pieces of social welfare legislation"" enacted toward the end of Reagan's first term in office. In 1981, Reagan ordered the Social Security Administration (SSA) to tighten up enforcement of the

"Social Security (United States)"
Social Security (United States) In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended, encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs. Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally

the spouse and minor children of a retired worker (called dependents benefits) and survivors benefits paid to the family in the event of the premature death of the worker. The 1939 Amendments also increased benefit amounts and accelerated the start of monthly benefit payments from 1942 to 1940. S.2051 Approved, October 3, 1944 Public Law 78-458 Title XII H.R.7037 Approved, August 10, 1946 Public Law 79-719 Title XIII H.R.6000 Approved August 28, 1950 Public Law 81-734 These amendments raised benefits for the first time and placed the program on the road to the virtually universal coverage it has today. Specifically

I is designed to give money to states to provide assistance to aged individuals Title III concerns unemployment insurance Title IV concerns Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Title V concerns Maternal and Child Welfare. Title VI concerns public health services (investigation of disease and problems of sanitation) Title X concerns support for blind people. H.R.6635 Approved, August 10, 1939 Public Law 76-379 Amendments of 1939: The original Act provided only retirement benefits, and only to the worker. The 1939 Amendments made a fundamental change in the Social Security program. The Amendments added two new categories of benefits: payments to

the winner of the best actor award in the 64th national film festival 2017

"64th National Film Awards"
A committee of three, headed by the National Award-winning writer Bhavana Somaya was appointed to evaluate the nominations for the best writing on Indian cinema. The jury members were as follows: Official Name: Swarna Kamal All the awardees are awarded with the Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal) accompanied with a cash prize. There was controversy over the National Film Award for Best Actor, which the committee awarded to Akshay Kumar for his performance in Rustom, snubbing Aamir Khan's performance for ""Dangal"". Committee member Priyadarshan, who has worked with Kumar on several films, gave the following explanation for awarding Kumar instead

2016, were eligible for the film award categories. Books, critical studies, reviews or articles on cinema published in Indian newspapers, magazines, and journals between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2016, were eligible for the best writing on cinema section. Entries of dubbed, revised or copied versions of a film or translation, abridgements, edited or annotated works and reprints were ineligible for the awards. For the Feature and Non-Feature Films sections, films in any Indian language, shot on 16 mm, 35 mm, a wider film gauge or a digital format, and released in cinemas, on video or digital formats for

"62nd National Film Awards"
were eligible. Films were required to be certified as a feature film, a featurette or a Documentary/Newsreel/Non-Fiction by the Central Board of Film Certification. Introduced in 1969, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award is the highest award given to recognise the contributions of film personalities towards the development of Indian cinema and for distinguished contributions to the medium, its growth and promotion. Following were the jury members: For the year 2014, the award was announced on 23 March 2015 to be presented to actor, film-maker Shashi Kapoor. He has won two National Film Awards including Best Actor for ""New Delhi Times"" in

the medium, its growth and promotion. "" A committee consisting five eminent personalities from Indian film industry was appointed to evaluate the lifetime achievement award, Dadasaheb Phalke Award. Following were the jury members: Feature films will be awarded at All India as well as regional level. Following will be the awards given in each category: For the Feature Film section, six committees were formed based on the different geographic regions in India. The two-tier evaluation process included a central committee and five regional committees. The central committee, headed by the director Priyadarshan, included the heads of each regional committee and

64th National Film Awards The 64th National Film Awards was an award ceremony during which the Directorate of Film Festivals presents its annual National Film Awards to honour the best films of 2016 in the Indian cinema. The awards were announced on 7 April 2017, and the ceremony was held on 3 May 2017. The Directorate of Film Festivals invited online entries for the first time on 16 January 2017 and the acceptable last date for entries was until 21 January 2017. Feature and Non-Feature Films certified by Central Board of Film Certification between 1 January 2016, and 31 December

"65th National Film Awards"
eligible for the film award categories. Books, critical studies, reviews or articles on cinema published in Indian newspapers, magazines, and journals between 1 January 2017, and 31 December 2017, were eligible for the best writing on cinema section. Entries of dubbed, revised or copied versions of a film or translation, abridgements, edited or annotated works and reprints were ineligible for the awards. For the Feature and Non-Feature Films sections, films in any Indian language, shot on 16 mm, 35 mm, a wider film gauge or a digital format, and released in cinemas, on video or digital formats for home viewing

"60th National Film Awards"
to Pran, a veteran actor of Bollywood known for portraying various negative roles. He is also Padma Bhushan recipient of 2001. A Hindi film, Dekh Indian Circus won the maximum number of awards (4) followed by Malayalam film Ustad Hotel, Hindi films Kahaani, Chittagong, Vicky Donor and Marathi film Dhag (3 awards each) For the Feature Film section, six committees were formed based on the different geographic regions in India. The two-tier evaluation process included a central committee and five regional committees. The central committee, headed by Basu Chatterjee, included the heads of each regional committee and five other jury

"64th Academy Awards"
""Big Five"" major categories for picture, directing, lead acting performances, and screenwriting. The other two films to achieve this feat were 1934's ""It Happened One Night"" and 1975's ""One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"". ""Beauty and the Beast"" became the first animated film to be nominated for Best Picture. Best Actress winner Jodie Foster became the eleventh person to win the aforementioned category twice and at the age of 28, became only the second person after Luise Rainer to win two Academy Awards before the age of 30. ""Boyz n the Hood""'s John Singleton became the first African-American to be

"63rd National Film Awards"
eligible for the film award categories. Books, critical studies, reviews or articles on cinema published in Indian newspapers, magazines, and journals between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2015, were eligible for the best writing on cinema section. Entries of dubbed, revised or copied versions of a film or translation, abridgements, edited or annotated works and reprints were ineligible for the awards. For the Feature and Non-Feature Films sections, films in any Indian language, shot on 16 mm, 35 mm, a wider film gauge or a digital format, and released in cinemas, on video or digital formats for home viewing

"59th National Film Awards"
the film ""Deool"", Girish Kulkarni won the awards for Best Actor and Best Dialogue; Bollywood actress Vidya Balan won the Best Actress award for ""The Dirty Picture"". The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, regarded as the most prestigious recognition in Indian cinema, was given to the veteran Bengali actor Soumitra Chatterjee for his contribution to Bengali cinema. The Directorate of Film Festivals invited nominations for the 2012 award ceremony on 26 December 2011. Feature and Non-Feature Films certified by Central Board of Film Certification between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2011, were eligible for the film award categories. The written material

against Juventus made Real Madrid the first team ever to repeat in the Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since A.C. Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup. Real Madrid’s title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as ""La Duodécima"". Real Madrid won their third title in a row in 2018 against Liverpool in Kyiv, with a great overhead bicycle goal by Gareth Bale, joined by a long-range goal from the Welshman too, the match

120,000 after a 1953 expansion. Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions. The latest capacity is 81,044 spectators. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced. Real Madrid has the fourth-highest of the average attendances of European football clubs, behind only Borussia Dortmund, Barcelona and Manchester United. The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 UEFA European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World Cup final, the 1957,

Bayern Munich. A total of 12 clubs have won the tournament multiple times: the three forementioned clubs, along with Liverpool, Ajax, Barcelona, Inter Milan, Manchester United, Benfica, Nottingham Forest, Juventus, and Porto. A total of 17 clubs have reached the final without ever managing to win the tournament. Clubs from ten countries have provided tournament winners. Spanish clubs have been the most successful, winning a total of 17. Italy and England are joint-second with 12, while the other multiple-time winners are Germany with seven, Netherlands with six, and Portugal with four. The only other countries to provide a tournament winner

ending 3-1 for Real Madrid. Since 2010 one team, Real Madrid, has reached the semi-finals eight times in eight years, and two teams, Bayern and Barcelona, in five years each. The format of the competition has evolved substantially over the years, notably with the introduction of a Group Phase beginning in 1991, and multiple national representatives in 1998. The following summarises the evolution of the championship format through the years: Prior to 1970, aggregate draws were settled by a play-off and (if necessary) coin-toss. Since then, it has been via the away goals rule and (if necessary) a penalty shoot-out.

European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics This page details statistics of the European Cup and Champions League. Unless notified these statistics concern all seasons since inception of the European Cup in the 1955–56 season, including qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League as per ""Competition facts""; all goals scored before league phase(s) count as ""qualifying goals"". A total of 22 clubs have won the tournament since its 1955 inception, with Real Madrid being the only team to win it thirteen times, including the first five. Only two other clubs have reached ten or more finals: Milan and

"Madrid Derby"
to the broader Castile (historical region)). In the modern era, the Madrid Derby is the second biggest derby in Spanish football, behind El Clásico, and although Real Madrid have the larger worldwide fanbase, Atlético Madrid have also amassed a significant worldwide fanbase, due to their level of success in the UEFA Champions League. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the UEFA Champions League, having won it thirteen times. Atlético Madrid have never won the Champions League, though they have reached the final on three occasions (losing twice against Real Madrid), and they have also won the UEFA Europa

Magnification
telescope or microscope, or a lens a maximum magnification exists beyond which the image looks bigger but shows no more detail. It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called ""empty magnification"". For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. In practice it is considered to be 2× the aperture in millimetres or 50× the aperture in inches; so, a 60mm diameter telescope has a maximum usable magnification of 120×. With

"Optical resolution"
than 10 ms for visible imaging (typically, anything less than 2 ms). Inner scale turbulence arises due to the eddies in the turbulent flow, while outer scale turbulence arises from large air mass flow. These masses typically move slowly, and so are reduced by decreasing the integration period. A system limited only by the quality of the optics is said to be diffraction-limited. However, since atmospheric turbulence is normally the limiting factor for visible systems looking through long atmospheric paths, most systems are turbulence-limited. Corrections can be made by using adaptive optics or post-processing techniques. where A variety of measurement

be taken into account if the sources radiate at different levels of intensity, are coherent, large, or radiate in non-uniform patterns. The ability of a lens to resolve detail is usually determined by the quality of the lens but is ultimately limited by diffraction. Light coming from a point in the object diffracts through the lens aperture such that it forms a diffraction pattern in the image which has a central spot and surrounding bright rings, separated by dark nulls; this pattern is known as an Airy pattern, and the central bright lobe as an Airy disk. The angular radius

an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200×. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800×. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes. Small, cheap telescopes and microscopes are sometimes supplied with the eyepieces that give magnification far higher than is usable. Magnification figures on printed pictures can be misleading. Editors of journals and magazines routinely resize images to fit the page, making any magnification number provided in the figure legend incorrect. A scale bar (or micron bar) is a

"Absolute threshold"
that 5 to 14 of the estimated 500 rods in the test area would each absorb one photon, with a 4% chance that one rod would absorb two photons. A second absolute threshold for vision involves the minimum photon flux (photons per second per unit area). In this case the light covers a wide field over an extended period of time instead of being concentrated on one spot on the retina in a short burst. Knowing the pupil diameter and the wavelength of the light, the result can be described in terms of luminance (~0.000001 candela per square meter or

"Visual acuity"
a maximum when the pupil is largest (about 8 mm), which occurs in low-light conditions. When the pupil is small (1–2 mm), image sharpness may be limited by diffraction of light by the pupil (see diffraction limit). Between these extremes is the pupil diameter that is generally best for visual acuity in normal, healthy eyes; this tends to be around 3 or 4 mm. If the optics of the eye were otherwise perfect, theoretically, acuity would be limited by pupil diffraction, which would be a diffraction-limited acuity of 0.4 minutes of arc (minarc) or 6/2.6 acuity. The smallest cone cells

corrective measures. Other examples are when a human is using eyes to carry out a critical task such as flying (piloting by visual reference), driving a vehicle, and so forth. The best visual acuity of the human eye at its optical centre (the fovea) is less than 1 arc minute per line pair, reducing rapidly away from the fovea. The human brain requires more than just a line pair to understand what the eye is imaging. Johnson's criteria defines the number of line pairs of ocular resolution, or sensor resolution, needed to recognize or identify an item. Systems looking through

long atmospheric paths may be limited by turbulence. A key measure of the quality of atmospheric turbulence is the seeing diameter, also known as Fried's seeing diameter. A path which is temporally coherent is known as an ""isoplanatic"" patch. Large apertures may suffer from aperture averaging, the result of several paths being integrated into one image. Turbulence scales with wavelength at approximately a 6/5 power. Thus, seeing is better at infrared wavelengths than at visible wavelengths. Short exposures suffer from turbulence less than longer exposures due to the ""inner"" and ""outer"" scale turbulence; short is considered to be much less

The magnifying power is the ratio of the sizes of the images formed on the user's retina with and without the lens. For the ""without"" case, it is typically assumed that the user would bring the object as close to one eye as possible without it becoming blurry. This point, known as the ""near point"", varies with age. In a young child, it can be as close as 5 cm, while, in an elderly person it may be as far as one or two metres. Magnifiers are typically characterized using a ""standard"" value of 0.25 m. The highest magnifying power

magnification is the ratio between the apparent size of an object (or its size in an image) and its true size, and thus it is a dimensionless number. Optical magnification is sometimes referred to as ""power"" (for example ""10× power""), although this can lead to confusion with optical power. For real images, such as images projected on a screen, ""size"" means a linear dimension (measured, for example, in millimeters or inches). For optical instruments with an eyepiece, the linear dimension of the image seen in the eyepiece (virtual image in infinite distance) cannot be given, thus ""size"" means the angle

Positivism
because metaphysical and theological claims cannot be verified by sense experience. Although the positivist approach has been a recurrent theme in the history of western thought, the modern approach was formulated by the philosopher Auguste Comte in the early 19th century. Comte argued that, much as the physical world operates according to gravity and other absolute laws, so does society, and further developed positivism into a ""Religion of Humanity"". The English noun ""positivism"" was re-imported in the 19th century from the French word ""positivisme"", derived from ""positif"" in its philosophical sense of 'imposed on the mind by experience'. The corresponding

time. These included: the opposition to all metaphysics, especially ontology and synthetic ""a priori"" propositions; the rejection of metaphysics not as wrong but as meaningless (i.e., not empirically verifiable); a criterion of meaning based on Ludwig Wittgenstein's early work (which he himself later set out to refute); the idea that all knowledge should be codifiable in a single standard language of science; and above all the project of ""rational reconstruction,"" in which ordinary-language concepts were gradually to be replaced by more precise equivalents in that standard language. However, the project is widely considered to have failed. After moving to the

as positivism. Auguste Comte (1798–1857) first described the epistemological perspective of positivism in ""The Course in Positive Philosophy"", a series of texts published between 1830 and 1842. These texts were followed by the 1844 work, ""A General View of Positivism"" (published in French 1848, English in 1865). The first three volumes of the ""Course"" dealt chiefly with the physical sciences already in existence (mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology), whereas the latter two emphasized the inevitable coming of social science. Observing the circular dependence of theory and observation in science, and classifying the sciences in this way, Comte may be regarded

social activity – with Progress, which is its goal."" he wrote. The modern academic discipline of sociology began with the work of Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). While Durkheim rejected much of the details of Comte's philosophy, he retained and refined its method, maintaining that the social sciences are a logical continuation of the natural ones into the realm of human activity, and insisting that they may retain the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality. Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895, publishing his ""Rules of the Sociological Method"" (1895). In this

research"" and thus carries no explicit theoretical or philosophical commitments. The institutionalization of this kind of sociology is often credited to Paul Lazarsfeld, who pioneered large-scale survey studies and developed statistical techniques for analyzing them. This approach lends itself to what Robert K. Merton called middle-range theory: abstract statements that generalize from segregated hypotheses and empirical regularities rather than starting with an abstract idea of a social whole. Other new movements, such as critical realism, have emerged to reconcile the overarching aims of social science with postmodern critiques. There are now at least twelve distinct epistemologies that are referred to

is not derived from observation. Logical positivism grew from the discussions of a group called the ""First Vienna Circle"" which gathered at the Café Central before World War I. After the war Hans Hahn, a member of that early group, helped bring Moritz Schlick to Vienna. Schlick's Vienna Circle, along with Hans Reichenbach's Berlin Circle, propagated the new doctrines more widely in the 1920s and early 1930s. It was Otto Neurath's advocacy that made the movement self-conscious and more widely known. A 1929 pamphlet written by Neurath, Hahn, and Rudolf Carnap summarized the doctrines of the Vienna Circle at that

20th century the first wave of German sociologists, including Max Weber and Georg Simmel, rejected the doctrine, thus founding the antipositivist tradition in sociology. Later antipositivists and critical theorists have associated positivism with ""scientism""; science ""as ideology"". Later in his career (1969), German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg, Nobel laureate for pioneering work in quantum mechanics, distanced himself from positivism by saying: The positivists have a simple solution: the world must be divided into that which we can say clearly and the rest, which we had better pass over in silence. But can any one conceive of a more pointless philosophy,

peak (see dialectical materialism). This is perhaps unsurprising as both were profoundly influenced by the early Utopian socialist, Henri de Saint-Simon, who was at one time Comte's mentor. Comte intended to develop a secular-scientific ideology in the wake of European secularisation. Comte's stages were (1) the ""theological"", (2) the ""metaphysical"", and (3) the ""positive"". The theological phase of man was based on whole-hearted belief in all things with reference to God. God, Comte says, had reigned supreme over human existence pre-Enlightenment. Humanity's place in society was governed by its association with the divine presences and with the church. The theological

"Logical positivism"
""Tractatus"" to contain too much metaphysics. Gottlob Frege began the program of reducing mathematics to logic, continued it with Bertrand Russell, but lost interest in this logicism, and Russell continued it with Alfred North Whitehead in their ""Principia Mathematica"", inspiring some of the more mathematical logical posivists, such as Hans Hahn and Rudolf Carnap. (Carnap's early anti-metaphysical works employed Russell's theory of types.) Carnap envisioned a universal language that could reconstruct mathematics and thereby encode physics. Yet Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem showed this impossible except in trivial cases, and Alfred Tarski's undefinability theorem shattered all hopes of reducing mathematics to

Perspectivism
Perspectivism Perspectivism () is the philosophical view (touched upon as far back as Plato's rendition of Protagoras) that all ideations take place from particular perspectives, and that there are many possible conceptual schemes, or perspectives in which judgment of truth or value can be made. This is often taken to imply that no way of seeing the world can be taken as definitively ""true"", but does ""not"" necessarily entail that all perspectives are equally valid. The term was coined by nineteenth-century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Perspectivism rejects objective metaphysics, claiming that no evaluation of objectivity can transcend cultural formations or subjective

"Mall of America"
of America opened its doors to the public on August 11, 1992. Its anchors were Nordstrom, Macy’s, Bloomingdale's and Sears. Even before opening, the mall had earned several nicknames, including ""The Megamall"", ""Sprawl of America"", ""Hugedale""—in reference to the four major ""dale"" shopping malls within the Twin Cities: Rosedale, Southdale, Ridgedale, and the now-defunct Brookdale. Mall of America became the largest shopping mall in total area and largest in total store vendors in the United States when it opened. The Mall of America's 42 million annual visitors equal roughly eight times the population of the state of Minnesota. , the

Mall of America The Mall of America (commonly, locally known as ""MOA"") is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States (a suburb of the Twin Cities). It lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River, and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Opened in 1992, it is the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area (including Nickelodeon Universe), the fifth largest mall in North America in terms of leaseable space, and the twelfth largest in the world. The mall is

and an unconstitutional overreach. The Mall of America was used as a filming location for various movies and television shows, including: Mall of America The Mall of America (commonly, locally known as ""MOA"") is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States (a suburb of the Twin Cities). It lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River, and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Opened in 1992, it is the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area (including Nickelodeon Universe), the

managed by the Triple Five Group (which in turn is owned by Canada's Ghermezian family, along with the West Edmonton Mall and the future American Dream Meadowlands). Eighty percent of visitors to the Mall of America are from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Illinois, Ohio, and Canada. The mall's concept was designed by the Triple Five Group, owned by the Ghermezian brothers, who also own the largest shopping mall in North America, the West Edmonton Mall. The Mall of America is located on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium, where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played until

the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened in 1982. A plaque in the mall's amusement park commemorates the former location of home plate, and one seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at the exact location it occupied in the stadium, commemorating a home run hit by hall-of-famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967. In 1986, the Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian organization. Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14, 1989. Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates, Teachers Insurance and Annuity (a.k.a. TIAA) and the office of architect Jon Jerde. Mall

and an additional of retail space. The project broke ground in the fall of 2013 and began opening in stages in the summer of 2015. In March 2014, ground was broken on the mall's north side for the $104 million, 14-story JW Marriott hotel, owned and financed by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community. In 2018, it was announced that MOA had proposed to build an indoor water park, with a cost between $150 to $200 million for the project. The Mall of America has a gross area of or , enough to fit seven Yankee Stadiums inside, with available as

Shopper's World Shopper's World is a retail park in Framingham, Massachusetts. The original facility (spelled Shoppers' World) is of historical significance as one of the first suburban shopping malls in the United States upon opening in 1951; it was demolished and replaced by the current open-air facility in 1994. The retail park, with the adjacent Natick Mall in Natick, are major components of the Golden Triangle shopping district in the center of MetroWest, situated between Route 9 and Route 30. One of the earliest suburban shopping malls in the United States, Shoppers' World (spelled with an apostrophe and possessive ""s""

"National Mall"
west and east to the United States Capitol grounds, with the Washington Monument dividing the area slightly west of its midpoint. A smaller designation sometimes referred to as the ""National Mall (proper)"" excludes both the Capitol grounds and the Washington Monument grounds, applying only to an area between them. The National Mall contains and borders a number of museums of the Smithsonian Institution, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and statues. The park receives approximately 24 million visitors each year. In his 1791 plan for the future city of Washington, D.C., Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant envisioned a garden-lined

mall employed over 11,000 workers year-round and 13,000 during peak seasons. In 2003, after a protracted six-year legal battle between Simon Property Group, the managing general partner of the property, and the Ghermezian brothers/Triple Five Group, over majority ownership of the site, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Ghermezians, effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to the creator of the concept. The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher's Insurance's 27.5% equity stake by Simon Properties, giving them majority ownership. The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued

older television series have lapsed into the public domain and are thus free to redistribute in any form. After years of experimental broadcasts, television first became commercialized in the United States in New York City on July 1, 1941, initially by RCA (through NBC, which it owned) via its station WNBT (now WNBC) and CBS, via their station WCBW (now WCBS-TV). A number of different broadcast systems had been developed through the end of the 1930s. The National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) standardized on a 525-line broadcast in 1941 that would provide the basis for television across the country through

in 1974. By concentrating its signal on the continental United States with a directional antenna, Westar 1 could transmit to TVRO (""television receive-only"") dishes only a few meters in diameter, well within the means of local cable television operators. HBO became the first cable network to transmit programming via satellite in September 1975. Cable ""system operators"" now receive programming by satellite, terrestrial optical fiber (a method used primarily to relay local stations based within metropolitan areas to the franchise, and acts as a backup for the system operator if a broadcast station's over-the-air signal is affected by a power outage

major commercial broadcast networks often have relatively higher viewership than those seen on cable channels. The oldest-existing cable-originated television channel as well as the first successful premium cable (or ""pay-cable"") service is Home Box Office (HBO), which was also the first television network intended for cable distribution on a regional or national basis. HBO launched on November 8, 1972 to 365 Service Electric Cable subscribers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with a mix of movies, sports, and comedy and music specials. For its first three years of operation, it used microwave technology to transmit its programming to CATV and MMDS providers in

television broadcaster in the United States, originating in October 1970 as the successor of National Educational Television (which was established in 1954). Unlike the commercial networks, PBS does not officially produce any of its own programming; instead, individual PBS stations (most notably, WNET in Newark, New Jersey/New York City, WGBH-TV in Boston and WETA-TV in Washington, D.C.), station groups and affiliated producers create programming and provide these through PBS to other affiliates. While it does provide a base slate of programming to its member stations (which is limited to roughly thirteen hours a week of programming in prime time, airing

"History of television"
standards on May 2, 1941, calling for 525 lines of vertical resolution, 30 frames per second with interlaced scanning, 60 fields per second, and sound carried by frequency modulation. Sets sold since 1939 that were built for slightly lower resolution could still be adjusted to receive the new standard. (Dunlap, p31). The FCC saw television ready for commercial licensing, and the first such licenses were issued to NBC- and CBS-owned stations in New York on July 1, 1941, followed by Philco's station WPTZ in Philadelphia. The first official, paid advertising to appear on American commercial television occurred on the afternoon

NBC's dominant share of the American radio market, although the ABC television network would not reach viewership and distribution parity with NBC and CBS until the late 1960s. Fox is a relative newcomer that began operation on October 6, 1986 with a limited schedule of late-night programming (the network would launch a weekend-only prime time lineup seven months later on April 9, 1987), although it is built upon the remnants of the former DuMont Television Network, an earlier attempt at a ""fourth network"" that operated from January 1948 to August 1956; the Paramount Television Network also flourished simultaneously, if less

to the mid-1990s), often scheduled during the final hour of prime time – an hour earlier than newscasts seen on major network stations – at which time they compete with network dramas, rather than other local newscasts (although some news-producing Fox stations also carry newscasts in the traditional late news time period), and for one to three additional hours in the morning that overlap with morning news programs on ABC, NBC and CBS. Three new networks launched in the 1990s: within six days of each other in January 1995, The WB (which was originally formed as a venture between Time

were 40 million radios in the U.S., there were about 44,000 television sets (with probably 30,000 in the New York area). Regular network television broadcasts began on NBC on a three-station network linking New York with the Capital District and Philadelphia in 1944; on the DuMont Television Network in 1946, and on CBS and ABC in 1948. Following the rapid rise of television after the war, the Federal Communications Commission was flooded with applications for television station licenses. With more applications than available television channels, the FCC ordered a freeze on processing station applications in 1948 that remained in effect

noncommercial form of television required by law to be offered to cable television consumers, in which members of the public are free to place their programming on the cable service. It is a subset of public, educational and government access. Most popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, the rise of the Internet and satellite TV (the latter of which is not required to carry public-access TV) rendered it partially obsolete. While pay television systems existed as early as the late 1940s, until the early 1970s, cable television only served to distribute distant over-the-air television stations to rural areas not

Four months later in April 1955 with the sign-on of WBIQ in Birmingham, Alabama became the first state in the country with an educational television network. Alabama Public Television was a model for other states in the nation and for television broadcasters in other countries. 25 other states copied Alabama's system of operation to provide service through multiple, linked television stations, using full-power satellite stations and (in some cases) low-power translators to relay the originating station's programming to other areas. Similar state networks have also been created by commercial broadcasters to relay network programming throughout portions or even the entirety

"Canada small business tax rate"
Canada small business tax rate In Canada, the small business tax rate is the tax rate paid by a small business. As of 2018, the small business tax rate is 10%. A small business in Canada is defined as a Canadian-based corporation with less than 100 employees and under $500,000 in annual income. The general corporate tax rate is 28%. Small businesses are allowed to claim a ""small business deduction"" under the ""Income Tax Act""; the deduction enumerated in that Act is deducted from the 28% general tax rate and means the net small business tax rate is as follows:

"Small and medium-sized enterprises"
industries. In terms of employment, the highest concentrations of high-growth firms in Canada during the 2006–2009 period were in construction (4.9 percent of all firms); business, building and other support services (4.6 percent); and professional, scientific and technical services (4.5 percent). In 2011, only 10.4 percent of SMEs exported. Nonetheless, they were responsible for $150 billion, or about 41.0 percent, of Canada's total value of exports. Corporations in Canada are generally taxed at 29% federally. Canadian Controlled private corporations receive a 17% reduction in the tax rate on taxable income from active businesses up to $500,000. This small business deduction

employer businesses in Canada, of which 1,087,803 were small. Small businesses make up 98.2 percent of employer businesses, medium-sized businesses make up 1.6 percent of employer businesses and large businesses make up 0.1 percent of employer businesses. In 2012, over 7.7 million employees, or 69.7 percent of the total private labour force, worked for small businesses and 2.2 million employees, or 20.2 percent of the labour force, worked for medium-sized businesses. In total, SMEs employed about 10 million individuals, or 89.9 percent of employees. Canadian high-growth firms are present in every economic sector and are not just concentrated in knowledge-based

"Goods and services tax (Canada)"
Sales Tax (QST). It is the only province to administer the federal tax. The tax is a 5% tax imposed on the supply of goods and services that are purchased in Canada, except certain items that are either ""exempt"" or ""zero-rated"": In 1989, the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney proposed the creation of a national sales tax of 9%. At that time, every province in Canada except Alberta already had its own provincial sales tax imposed at the retail level. The purpose of the national sales tax was to replace the 13.5% Manufacturers' Sales Tax (MST) that

budget. The inflation target was set at 2 per cent, which is the midpoint of an inflation range of 1 to 3 per cent. They established a set of inflation-reduction targets to keep inflation ""low, stable and predictable"" and to foster ""confidence in the value of money"", contribute to Canada's sustained growth, employment gains and improved standard of living. Inflation is measured by the total consumer price index (CPI). In 2011 the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada extended Canada's inflation-control target to December 31, 2016. The Bank of Canada uses three unconventional instruments to achieve the inflation

taking longer ""than the typical six to eight quarters to return inflation to 2 per cent"". The central bank—the Bank of Canada—issues its rate announcement through its Monetary Policy Report which is released eight times a year. On July 15, 2015, the Bank of Canada announced that it was lowering its target for the overnight rate by another one-quarter percentage point, to 0.5 per cent ""to try to stimulate an economy that appears to have failed to rebound meaningfully from the oil shock woes that dragged it into decline in the first quarter"". According to the Bank of Canada announcement,

under 2 % is in green. Productivity measures are key indicators of economic performance and a key source of economic growth and competitiveness. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s ""Compendium of Productivity Indicators"", published annually, presents a broad overview of productivity levels and growth in member nations, highlighting key measurement issues. It analyses the role of ""productivity as the main driver of economic growth and convergence"" and the ""contributions of labour, capital and MFP in driving economic growth"". According to the definition above ""MFP is often interpreted as the contribution to economic growth made by factors such as

"Affordable housing in Canada"
In the market-based housing system, individuals finance their own housing, independent of government assistance. A 2012 RBC Economics report on home affordability says its index deteriorated only slightly. However, the shelter-cost-to-income ratio (STIR) is well above 30% for the median income. Nationally, it is 48.7% for two-story homes. Major cities such as Vancouver rate worst in the world at 88.9%. Calgary is considered affordable at 36.7%. Montreal is 41.8% and Toronto is 53.4%. The RBC Indicator provides data on a quarterly basis on home ownership affordability, it measures the proportion of homes currently for sale that are affordable to a

seats. Although the party recovered somewhat in subsequent elections, it remained the smallest party in the House of Commons until it disbanded itself permanently in 2004, and merged with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada. During the election campaign, Chrétien promised to repeal the GST, which the Liberals had denounced while they were the Official Opposition, and replace it with a different tax. Instead of repeal, the Chrétien government attempted to restructure the tax and merge it with the provincial sales taxes in each province. They intended to call it the ""Blended Sales Tax"", but opponents

at Biswaratna Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Samannay Khetra, Barpeta Road, an administrative circle of Barpeta District of Assam. The Sabha’s 2015 session held at Kaliabor, Nagaon. The current conference will be held in Padmanath Gohain Baruah Khetra, Rupahi-Jerenga Pathar, Rudrasagar, Sivasagar from 8 February to 12 February 2017. Asam Sahitya Sabha Patrika (; Ôxôm Xahityô Xôbha Pôtrika) is an official journal of the Asam Sahitya Sabha. The first issue was appeared in October, 1927. Chandradhar Barua was the founder editor of the journal. The first president of Asam Sahitya Sabha was Padmanath Gohain Baruah during the inaugural conference at Sibsagar in

"Sahitya Akademi"
Registration Act of 1860, as it had not originally been incorporated by an Act of Parliament, but by an executive order. The Council was reconstituted and elected Prime Minister Nehru as its president, and he continued in that capacity until his death in 1964. Subsequent presidents of the Sahitya Akademi have included S. Radhakrishnan (1958) who succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru after serving as the Vice-President along with him; Zakir Hussain (1963); Suniti Kumar Chatterjee (1967); K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1969, and re-elected in 1973); Umashankar Joshi (1978); Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya (1983); U. R. Ananthamurthy (1993); Ramakanta Rath (1998); and Gopi Chand Narang

(2003). Sunil Gangopadhyay was elected president in 2008, and held office until his death in 2012. The current president is Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari. The Akademi has never elected a female president although, in 2003, Mahasweta Devi unsuccessfully contested Gopi Chand Narang for the position. The Sahitya Akademi was constituted by the Government of India by a resolution passed on 15 December 1952. It was formally inaugurated on 12 March 1954. It initially functioned under executive order, but was subsequently registered as a society under the Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860. The constitution of the Sahitya Akademi provides that it shall

Secretary and a Bengali Gentlemen Mr. Nabin Chandra Bhattacherjee was the Founder President. There was an Office Building at the Heart of the Kohima Town, which was known as ""LAL GHAR"" due to painting with Red color. ( See Mor Xuworon, biography of Padma Nath Gohain Baruah). Late Govinda Chandra Paira, Dhan Bahadur Sonar and Hari Prasad Gorkha Rai were the main product of Kohima Sahitya Sabha, who were Honored by awarding Literary Pension by the Assam Government. The Kohima Sahitya Sabha is still alive (till Nov. 2013). It has an own Bhawan at P.R.Hill, Kohima, Opposite Nagaland Police Headquarters.

current literary trend, some original thinking about a great writer or a great classic or a new path in literary criticism or literary creation"". The Lectures have been delivered since 1986 by people including the Hindi writer Sachchidananda Vatsyayan (1986), Marathi poet and writer Vinda Karandikar (1991), Assamese novelist Nabakanta Barua (1994), and Malayalam author and director, M T Vasudevan Nair (1999). In 2014, the lecture was delivered by Girish Karnad, a Kannada playwright and author. The most recent lecture was delivered by Dr. Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari, an author, lawyer, and former judge in the Bombay High Court on 17

Assam Sahitya Sabha The Assam Sahitya Sabha (""Ôxôm Xahityô Xôbha"" or ""Assam Literary Society"") is a non Government, non profit, literary organisation of Assam. It was founded in December, 1917 in Assam, India to promote the culture of Assam and Assamese literature. Presently it has about one thousand branches all over Assam and also outside the state. The central office is at Jorhat, a city of historical importance. The branches and the district units also have their offices in their respective places. Till 1826 AD. Assam was ruled mainly by Ahom and Koch dynasties. In 1826, Assam came under the

writers (under 35 years) of outstanding works in one of the 24 major Indian languages. It was founded in 2011. Other programmes organised by the Sahitya Akademi include the Mulakat lectures, a special platform for lesser-known authors; the Through My Window lectures, in which one author speaks on the works of another Indian author; and the Loka programmes on Indian folklore and the Kavisandhi poetry readings. There have been widespread allegations of corruption and controversial appointments under the Presidency of Gopi Chand Narang who headed Sahitya Akademi from 2003 to 2007 and the current President Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari. Agrahara Krishnamurthy,

1917. Assam Sahitya Sabha The Assam Sahitya Sabha (""Ôxôm Xahityô Xôbha"" or ""Assam Literary Society"") is a non Government, non profit, literary organisation of Assam. It was founded in December, 1917 in Assam, India to promote the culture of Assam and Assamese literature. Presently it has about one thousand branches all over Assam and also outside the state. The central office is at Jorhat, a city of historical importance. The branches and the district units also have their offices in their respective places. Till 1826 AD. Assam was ruled mainly by Ahom and Koch dynasties. In 1826, Assam came under

appointed as the Secretary of Sahitya Akademi by Narang, had undergone a CBI probe in a paper purchase scam at the time of his appointment, and was censured and forced to retire after being accused of financial irregularities in 2012. Agrahara Krishnamurthy who has been granted relief by the High Court has alleged a conspiracy against him by a cabal of writers and officials. The appointment by a committee composed of Narang, Tiwari and others of the current Secretary K. Sreenivasa Rao, is controversial as Rao’s academic credentials for the top job, who had joined the Akademi as a lower

"Ductus venosus"
is open at the time of birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. The ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum. Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava.

"Ductus arteriosus"
effects of the NSAIDs and maintain the patency of the DA for the remainder of the pregnancy. A patent ductus arteriosus affects approximately 4% of infants with Down syndrome (DS). A failure to thrive is a very common sign of this condition. Ductus arteriosus In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs. Upon closure at birth, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. There are two other

"Patent ductus arteriosus"
a ""patent ductus arteriosus"", the blood flow is reversed from that of ""in utero"" flow; i.e., the blood flow is from the higher-pressure aorta to the now lower-pressure pulmonary arteries. In normal newborns, the DA is substantially narrowed within 12–24 hours after birth, and seals completely after three weeks. The primary stimulus for closure of the DA is an increase in neonatal blood oxygen content. Withdrawal from maternal circulating prostaglandins also contributes to ductal closure. The residual scar tissue from the fibrotic remnants of the DA, called the ""ligamentum arteriosum"", remains in the normal adult heart. Some evidence suggests that

Ductus arteriosus In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs. Upon closure at birth, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale. The ductus arteriosus is formed from the left 6th aortic arch during embryonic development and attaches to the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) and the first part of

Patent ductus arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. Early symptoms are uncommon, but in the first year of life include increased work of breathing and poor weight gain. An uncorrected PDA may lead to congestive heart failure with increasing age. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that closes soon after birth. In a PDA, the vessel does not close and remains ""patent"" (open), resulting in an irregular transmission of blood between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. PDA is common in newborns with persistent respiratory problems such

"Aortic arch"
bypass the pulmonary vessels as they develop. The final section of the aortic arch is known as the ""isthmus of aorta"". This is so called because it is a narrowing (isthmus) of the aorta as a result of decreased blood flow when in foetal life. As the left ventricle of the heart increases in size throughout life, the narrowing eventually dilates to become a normal size. If this does not occur, this can result in coarctation of the aorta. The ductus arteriosus connects to the final section of the arch in foetal life and the ligamentum arteriosum when the ductus

"Ligamentum arteriosum"
Ligamentum arteriosum The ligamentum arteriosum () is a small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth. At the superior end, the ligamentum attaches to the aorta—at the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta. On the other, inferior end, the ligamentum is attached to the top of the left pulmonary artery. The ligament is a vestige of the ductus arteriosus, a temporary fetal structure that shunts blood from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta, in order to avoid circulating blood through

rapid decelerations recoil, consequently potentially resulting in ruptured aorta. Ligamentum arteriosum The ligamentum arteriosum () is a small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth. At the superior end, the ligamentum attaches to the aorta—at the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta. On the other, inferior end, the ligamentum is attached to the top of the left pulmonary artery. The ligament is a vestige of the ductus arteriosus, a temporary fetal structure that shunts blood from the pulmonary arteries to

the lungs, which are inactive in the womb. The ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum within three weeks of birth, so that deoxygenated blood can be selectively circulated to the lungs for more efficient oxygenation of the blood. The ligamentum arteriosum is closely related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the left vagus nerve. After splitting from the left vagus nerve, the left recurrent laryngeal loops around the aortic arch behind the ligamentum arteriosum, after which it ascends to the larynx. This ligament also plays a role in major trauma; it fixes the aorta in place during

"Aortic arches"
the left pulmonary artery and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1–3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The ductus arteriosus connects at a junction point that has a low pressure zone (commonly called Bernoulli's principle) created by the inferior curvature (inner radius) of the artery. This low pressure region allows the artery to receive (siphon)

Originality
by saving the original from degenerating as it is being played, rather than to replace the original. Originality Originality is the aspect of created or invented works as being new or novel, and thus distinguishable from reproductions, clones, forgeries, or derivative works. An original work is one not received from others nor one copied from or based upon the work of others.. It is a work created with a unique style and substance. The term ""originality"" is often applied as a compliment to the creativity of artists, writers, and thinkers. The modern idea of originality is tied to Romanticism, by

"Semantic change"
Semantic change Semantic change (also semantic shift, semantic progression, semantic development, or semantic drift) is the evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from the original usage. In diachronic (or historical) linguistics, semantic change is a change in one of the meanings of a word. Every word has a variety of senses and connotations, which can be added, removed, or altered over time, often to the extent that cognates across space and time have very different meanings. The study of semantic change can be seen as part of etymology, onomasiology, semasiology, and semantics.

Alterity
acceptivity of irreducible otherness. Surprise is the consequence of the encounter. Between desire and surprise there is a pause, a void, a rupture, an immediacy that cannot be captured and presented.” In anthropology, alterity has been used by scholars such as Nicholas Dirks, Johannes Fabian, Michael Taussig and Pauline Turner Strong to refer to the construction of ""cultural others"". The term has gained further use in seemingly somewhat remote disciplines, e.g., historical musicology where it is employed by John Michael Cooper in a study of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Felix Mendelssohn. Alterity Alterity is a philosophical and anthropological term

Originality Originality is the aspect of created or invented works as being new or novel, and thus distinguishable from reproductions, clones, forgeries, or derivative works. An original work is one not received from others nor one copied from or based upon the work of others.. It is a work created with a unique style and substance. The term ""originality"" is often applied as a compliment to the creativity of artists, writers, and thinkers. The modern idea of originality is tied to Romanticism, by a notion that is often called romantic originality. The concept of originality is culturally contingent. At the

Transcreation
Transcreation Transcreation is a term used chiefly by advertising and marketing professionals to refer to the process of adapting a message from one language to another, while maintaining its intent, style, tone, and context. A successfully transcreated message evokes the same emotions and carries the same implications in the target language as it does in the source language. Increasingly, transcreation is used in global marketing and advertising campaigns as advertisers seek to transcend the boundaries of culture and language. It also takes account of images which are used within a creative message, ensuring that they are suitable for the target

Relexification
Relexification In linguistics, relexification is a mechanism of language change by which one language changes much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, with the lexicon of another language, without drastically changing the relexified language's grammar. The term is principally used to describe pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages. Relexification is not synonymous with lexical borrowing, by which a language merely ""supplements"" its basic vocabulary with loanwords from another language. Relexification is a form of language interference in which a pidgin, a creole or a mixed language takes nearly all of its lexicon from a superstrate or a target language

Alterity
to which an identity is constructed, and it implies the ability to distinguish between self and not-self, and consequently to assume the existence of an alternative viewpoint. The concept was further developed by Emmanuel Levinas in a series of essays, collected in ""Altérité et transcendence"" (""Alterity and Transcendence"") (1995). For Cornelius Castoriadis (""L'institution imaginaire de la société"", 1975; ""The Imaginary Institution of Society"", 1997) radical alterity/otherness () denotes the element of creativity in history: ""For what is given in and through history is not the determined sequence of the determined but the emergence of radical otherness, immanent creation, non-trivial novelty.""

Anachronism
literary or artistic work to help a contemporary audience engage more readily with a historical period. Anachronism can also be used for purposes of rhetoric, comedy, or shock. Unintentional anachronisms may occur when a writer, artist, or performer is unaware of differences in technology, language, customs, attitudes, or fashions between different historical eras. A parachronism (from the Greek , ""on the side"", and , ""time"") is anything that appears in a time period in which it is not normally found (though not sufficiently out of place as to be impossible). This may be an object, idiomatic expression, technology, philosophical idea,

Metaphrase
distinction between metaphrase and paraphrase in the pedagogical practice of imitation and reworking classical texts; he points out that metaphrase changes a word, and paraphrase, a phrase: a distinction that is also followed by Renaissance scholars. Metaphrase Metaphrase is a term referring to literal translation, i.e., ""word by word and line by line"" translation. In everyday usage, metaphrase means literalism; however, metaphrase is also the translation of poetry into prose. Unlike ""paraphrase,"" which has an ordinary use in literature theory, the term ""metaphrase"" is only used in translation theory. Metaphrase is one of the three ways of transferring, along with

Hylomorphism
house. Change is analyzed as a material transformation: matter is what undergoes a change of form. For example, consider a lump of bronze that's shaped into a statue. Bronze is the matter, and this matter loses one form (that of a lump) and gains a new form (that of a statue). According to Aristotle's theory of perception, we perceive an object by receiving its form with our sense organs. Thus, forms include complex ""qualia"" such as colors, textures, and flavors, not just shapes. Medieval philosophers who used Aristotelian concepts frequently distinguished between substantial forms and accidental forms. A substance necessarily

"Run (baseball)"
Kenny Lofton (August 15–September 3, 2000). The record for most runs scored by a player in a single game is 7, set by Guy Hecker of the American Association's Louisville Colonels on August 15, 1886. The modern-day record of 6 is shared by fourteen players (eight of whom attained it before 1900). Of the six modern-day players to score 6 runs in a game, the first to perform the feat was Mel Ott of the New York Giants on August 4, 1934 (he repeated the accomplishment ten years later, making him the only player ever to do it twice); the

August 25, 1922, the highest-scoring game in major-league history took place: the Chicago Cubs defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 26–23, a total of 49 runs. The record for most runs scored by a team in a single inning is 18, set by the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Detroit Wolverines on September 6, 1883. The modern-day record is 17, achieved by the Boston Red Sox against the Detroit Tigers on June 18, 1953. The Yankees' Mickey Mantle holds the record for most career World Series runs scored with 42 (1951–53, 1955–58, 1960–64). The record for most runs

is 2,295, held by Rickey Henderson (1979–2003). The season record for most runs scored is 198, set by Billy Hamilton of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1894. The so-called modern-day record (1900 and after) is 177, achieved by Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees in 1921. The record for most seasons leading one of the major leagues in runs scored is 8, held by Babe Ruth (American League: 1919–21, 1923, 1924, 1926–28). The record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored is 18, shared by the Yankees' Red Rolfe (August 9–August 25, 1939) and the Cleveland Indians'

scored in a single World Series, shared by two players, is 10, achieved both times in a six-game Series: Reggie Jackson of the Yankees was the first to do it, in 1977; the Toronto Blue Jays' Paul Molitor equaled him in 1993. The most runs ever scored by a player in a World Series game is 4, a record shared by ten players. Babe Ruth set the mark on October 6, 1926, while with the Yankees; it was matched most recently by Albert Pujols of the St. Louis Cardinals in Game 3 of the 2011 World Series. On October 2,

most recent was Shawn Green, then of the Los Angeles Dodgers, on May 23, 2002. The record for most runs scored by a major-league team during a single season is 1,212, set by the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves) in 1894. The modern-day record is 1,067, achieved by the New York Yankees in 1931. The team record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored (i.e., most consecutive games not being shut out) is 308, set by the Yankees between August 3, 1931, and August 2, 1933. The team record for most runs in its overall history

(up until 2013) is the Chicago Cubs with 94,138. The record for most runs scored by a team in a single game is 36, set by the Chicago Colts (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Louisville Colonels (which joined the National League in 1892) on June 29, 1897. The modern-day record of 30 was set on August 22, 2007, by the Texas Rangers against the Baltimore Orioles in the first game of a doubleheader at Oriole Park. The Rangers scored 5 runs in the fourth inning, 9 in the sixth, 10 in the eighth, and 6 in the ninth. On

"Longest professional baseball game"
Longest professional baseball game The Pawtucket Red Sox and the Rochester Red Wings, two teams from the Triple-A International League, played the longest game in professional baseball history. It lasted 33 innings, with 8 hours and 25 minutes of playing time. 32 innings were played April 18/19, 1981, at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island and the final 33rd inning was played June 23, 1981. Pawtucket won the game, 3–2. The game began on Saturday, April 18, 1981 at 8:25 p.m., after a delay of about 30 minutes due to problems with stadium lights, with 1,740 in attendance. It continued

"South Pole"
South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of

there. In 2000 it was reported that microbes had been detected living in the South Pole ice. South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed

which is defined based on the Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, the Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small ""wobbles"" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work. The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When

the Amundsen–Scott station is partially buried due to snow storms, and the entrance to the dome had to be regularly bulldozed to uncover it. More recent buildings are raised on stilts so that the snow does not build up against the sides of them. In most places on Earth, local time is determined by longitude, such that the time of day is more-or-less synchronised to the position of the sun in the sky (for example, at midday the sun is roughly at its highest). This line of reasoning fails at the South Pole, where the sun rises and sets only

a longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to ""grid north"", which points northwards along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica (although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift). It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea

is marked by a stake in the ice alongside a small sign; these are repositioned each year in a ceremony on New Year's Day to compensate for the movement of the ice. The sign records the respective dates that Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott reached the Pole, followed by a short quotation from each man, and gives the elevation as ""9,301 ""FT."""". A new marker stake is designed and fabricated each year by staff at the site. The Ceremonial South Pole is an area set aside for photo opportunities at the South Pole Station. It is located some meters

once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no ""a priori"" reason for placing the South Pole in any particular time zone, but as a matter of practical convenience the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station keeps New Zealand Time (UTC+12/UTC+13). This is because the US flies its resupply missions (""Operation Deep Freeze"") out of McMurdo Station, which is supplied from Christchurch, New Zealand. Due to its exceptionally harsh climate, there are no native resident plants or animals at the South Pole. Remarkably, though, off-course south polar skuas and snow petrels are occasionally seen

"South Magnetic Pole"
changes in the Earth's magnetic field. As of 2005 it was calculated to lie at , placing it off the coast of Antarctica, between Adélie Land and Wilkes Land. In 2015 it lay at (est). That point lies outside the Antarctic Circle. Due to polar drift, the pole is moving northwest by about per year. Its current distance from the actual Geographic South Pole is approximately . The nearest permanent science station is Dumont d'Urville Station. Wilkes Land contains a large gravitational mass concentration. Early unsuccessful attempts to reach the magnetic south pole included those of French explorer Dumont d'Urville

of movement of the ice and the accumulation of snow, it is believed, as of 2010, to lie between 1.8 and 2.5 km (1.1 and 1.5 miles) from the Pole at a depth of 17 m (56 ft) below the present surface. Argentine Flagpole: A flagpole erected at the South Geographical Pole in December 1965 by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 1) following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the very

Pole receives no sunlight at all, and from May 11 to August 1, between extended periods of twilight, it is completely dark (apart from moonlight). In the summer (September–March), the sun is continuously above the horizon and appears to move in a counter-clockwise circle. However, it is always low in the sky, reaching a maximum of 23.5° in December. Much of the sunlight that does reach the surface is reflected by the white snow. This lack of warmth from the sun, combined with the high altitude (about ), means that the South Pole has one of the coldest climates on

who is considered to be the greatest english composer of the baroque period

"Henry Purcell"
Henry Purcell Henry Purcell ( or ; September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Although incorporating Italian and French stylistic elements into his compositions, Purcell's legacy was a uniquely English form of Baroque music. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest English composers; no later native-born English composer approached his fame until Edward Elgar, Ralph Vaughan Williams, William Walton and Benjamin Britten in the 20th century. Purcell was born in St Ann's Lane, Old Pye Street, Westminster – the area of London later known as Devil's Acre – in 1659. Henry Purcell Senior, whose

"English Renaissance"
18th century. The portraiture of Elizabeth I was carefully controlled, and developed into an elaborate and wholly un-realist iconic style, that has succeeded in creating enduring images. English Renaissance music kept in touch with continental developments far more than visual art, and managed to survive the Reformation relatively successfully, though William Byrd and other major figures were Catholic. The Elizabethan madrigal was distinct from, but related to the Italian tradition. Thomas Tallis, Thomas Morley, and John Dowland were other leading English composers. The colossal polychoral productions of the Venetian School had been anticipated in the works of Thomas Tallis, and

"William Byrd"
William Byrd William Byrd (; birth date variously given as c.1539/40 or 1543 – 4 July 1623), was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. Although he produced sacred music for Anglican services, sometime during the 1570s he became a Roman Catholic and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life. Thanks largely to the research of John Harley, knowledge of Byrd's biography has expanded in recent years. Thomas Byrd, the grandson

"Orlando Gibbons"
brain. Within the brain (being opened) there did issue out abundance of water intermixed with blood & this we affirm to be the only cause of his sudden death. This account is taken to mean that Gibbons died of a cerebral aneurysm. Orlando Gibbons Orlando Gibbons (baptised 25 December 1583 – 5 June 1625) was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the late Tudor and early Jacobean periods. He was a leading composer in England in the early 17th century. Gibbons was born in 1583 (most likely in December) and baptised on Christmas Day at Oxford, where his father

"Nicholas Ludford"
since include the Gramophone-award winning disc by New College Choir, Oxford, which includes the Missa ""Benedicta"" and the votive antiphons ""Ave Cuius Conceptio"" and ""Domine Jesu Christe"". This is the only recording to feature trebles and is a wonderful recreation of how Ludford's music might have sounded. http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Nicholas_Ludford Nicholas Ludford Nicholas Ludford (c. 1485 – c. 1557) was an English composer of the Tudor period. He is known for his festal masses, which are preserved in two early-16th-century choirbooks, the Caius Choirbook at Caius College, Cambridge, and the Lambeth Choirbook at Lambeth Palace, London. His surviving antiphons, all incomplete, are

"Geoffrey Chaucer"
Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) is known as the Father of English literature and is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his 10 year-old son Lewis. He also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, and diplomat. Among his many works are ""The Book of the Duchess"", ""The House of Fame"", ""The Legend of

on the liturgical calendar of the US Episcopal Church on 21 November. William Byrd William Byrd (; birth date variously given as c.1539/40 or 1543 – 4 July 1623), was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. Although he produced sacred music for Anglican services, sometime during the 1570s he became a Roman Catholic and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life. Thanks largely to the research of John Harley, knowledge

"English Baroque"
influential ""Vitruvius Britannicus"". Although Wren was also active in secular architecture, the first truly Baroque country house in England was built to a design by William Talman at Chatsworth, starting in 1687. The culmination of Baroque architectural forms comes with Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor. Each was capable of a fully developed architectural statement, yet they preferred to work in tandem, most notably at Castle Howard (1699) and Blenheim Palace (1705). Appuldurcombe House, Isle of Wight, now in ruins, but conserved by English Heritage, must also be mentioned. Castle Howard is a flamboyant assembly of restless masses dominated by

English Baroque English Baroque is a term sometimes used to refer to the developments in English architecture that were parallel to the evolution of Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). Baroque aesthetics, whose influence was so potent in mid-17th century France, made little impact in England during the Protectorate and the first Restoration years. Sir Christopher Wren presided over the genesis of the English Baroque manner, which differed from the continental models by clarity of design and subtle taste for classicism. Following the Great Fire of London, Wren

"A Doll's House"
A Doll's House A Doll's House (; also translated as ""A Doll House"") is a three-act play written by Norway's Henrik Ibsen. It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879, having been published earlier that month. The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879. The play is significant for the way it deals with the fate of a married woman, who at the time in Norway lacked reasonable opportunities for self-fulfillment in a male-dominated world. It aroused a great sensation at the time, and caused a “storm of outraged controversy” that went beyond

than being superior to the traditional rendering, it simply sounds more idiomatic to Americans."" The play opens at Christmas time as Nora Helmer enters her home carrying many packages. Nora's husband Torvald is working in his study when she arrives. He playfully rebukes her for spending so much money on Christmas gifts, calling her his ""little squirrel."" He teases her about how the previous year she had spent weeks making gifts and ornaments by hand because money was scarce. This year Torvald is due a promotion at the bank where he works, so Nora feels that they can let themselves

Dollhouse
Dollhouse A dollhouse or doll's house is a toy home made in miniature. For the last century, dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults. The term ""dollhouse"" is used commonly in the United States and Canada. In the UK (United Kingdom) the term ""dolls' house"" or ""dollshouse"" is used. Today's dollhouses trace their history back about four hundred years to the ""baby house"" display cases of Europe, which showed idealized interiors. Smaller dollhouses with more realistic exteriors appeared in Europe in the 18th century. Early dollhouses were

Dollhouse
later donated to the town of Tampere. The museum also contains dozens of roomboxes with Moomin characters, all made by Tuulikki Pietilä. The Dollhouse Museum () in Basel, Switzerland is the largest museum of its kind in Europe. Dollhouse A dollhouse or doll's house is a toy home made in miniature. For the last century, dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults. The term ""dollhouse"" is used commonly in the United States and Canada. In the UK (United Kingdom) the term ""dolls' house"" or ""dollshouse"" is used.

"Christmas village"
Christmas village A Christmas village (or putz) is a decorative, miniature-scale village often set up during the Christmas season. These villages are rooted in the elaborate Christmas traditions of the Moravian church, a Protestant denomination. Mass-produced cardboard Christmas villages became popular in the United States during the early and mid-20th century, while porcelain versions became popular in the later part of the century. The tradition of decorative Christmas villages is rooted in the holiday traditions of the Moravian church, a Protestant denomination with early settlements in Salem, North Carolina and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. In American Moravian homes, the construction of a

"A Christmas Story House"
short stories, ""In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash"". The house, as it is portrayed in the film, is located in Hohman, Indiana, the fictional town modeled after Shepherd's native Hammond, Indiana. For the film adaptation of these stories, director Bob Clark reportedly sent scouts to twenty cities before selecting Cleveland for exterior filming. Cleveland was chosen because of Higbee's Department Store, which ultimately was featured in three scenes in the film. Appropriately, the fictional boyhood home of Ralphie Parker is on Cleveland Street, the name of the actual street where Shepherd grew up. In addition to the house

an aesthetically shaped, successful drama. In the play, Nora leaves Torvald with head held high, though facing an uncertain future given the limitations single women faced in the society of the time. Kieler eventually rebounded from the shame of the scandal and had her own successful writing career while remaining discontented with sole recognition as ""Ibsen's Nora"" years afterwards. Ibsen started thinking about the play around May 1878, although he did not begin its first draft until a year later, having reflected on the themes and characters in the intervening period (he visualised its protagonist, Nora, for instance, as having

Dollhouse
Dolls' House was designed for Queen Mary in 1924 by Sir Edwin Lutyens, a leading architect of the time, and is on display at Windsor Castle in England. When first put on display it was visited by 1.6 million people in seven months. It is approximately 5' tall, contains 16 rooms, and required 4 years to construct. The dollhouse has working plumbing and lights and is filled with miniature items of the finest and most modern goods of the period. Writers like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling contributed special books which were written and bound in scale size.

the middle of the action Ibsen was thrown to the fishes, and Nora was saved from suicide, rebellion, flight and immortality by making a faithful old clerk steal her fateful promissory note from Krogstad’s desk. … The curtain fell upon a happy home.“ Before 1899 there were two private productions of the play in London (in its original form as Ibsen wrote it) — one featured George Bernard Shaw in the role of Krogstad. The first public British production of the play in its regular form opened on 7 June 1889 at the Novelty Theatre, starring Janet Achurch as Nora

behavior in regard to the scandal of the loaned money. She does not love her husband, she feels they are strangers, she feels completely confused, and suggests that her issues are shared by many women. George Bernard Shaw suggests that she left to begin “a journey in search of self-respect and apprenticeship to life,” and that her revolt is “the end of a chapter of human history.” Ibsen was inspired by the belief that ""a woman cannot be herself in modern society,"" since it is ""an exclusively male society, with laws made by men and with prosecutors and judges who

"Local government in the United States"
has been described as ""pure democracy"": Propertied men voted; in no colonies was there universal suffrage. The founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 by a group of Puritans led by John Winthrop came with the understanding that the enterprise was to be ""based in the new world rather than in London."" Small towns in Massachusetts were compared to city-states in a somewhat oligarchic form, but an oligarchy based on ""perceived virtue"" rather than wealth or birth. The notion of ""self-government"" became accepted in the colonies, although it wasn't totally free from challenges; in the 1670s, the Lords of

took up the name ""Republicans""; they preferred a decentralized agrarian republic in which the federal government had limited power. By 1828, the First Party System had collapsed. Two new parties emerged from the remnants of the Jeffersonian Democracy, forming the Second Party System with the Whigs, brought to life in opposition to President Andrew Jackson and his new Democratic Party. The forces of Jacksonian Democracy, based among urban workers, Southern poor whites, and western farmers, dominated the era. In the 1860s, the issue of slavery took center stage, with disagreement in particular over the question of whether slavery should be

Trade and Plantations (a royal committee regulating mercantile trade in the colonies) tried to annul the Massachusetts Bay charter, but by 1691, the New England colonies had reinstalled their previous governments. Voting was established as a precedent early on; in fact, one of the first things that Jamestown settlers did was conduct an election. Typically, voters were white males described as ""property owners"" aged twenty-one and older, but sometimes the restrictions were greater, and in practice, persons able to participate in elections were few. Women were prevented from voting (although there were a few exceptions) and African-Americans were excluded. The

"History of the United States (1789–1849)"
they and not the average voter that nominated candidates. In addition, the system supported establishment politicians and party loyalists, and much legislation was designed to reward men and businesses who supported a particular party or candidate. As a consequence, the chance of single issue and ideology-based candidates being elected to major office dwindled and so those parties who were successful were pragmatist ones which appealed to multiple constituencies. Examples of single issue parties included the Anti-Masonic Party, which emerged in the Northeastern states. Its goal was to outlaw Freemasonry as a violation of republicanism; members were energized by reports that

Democracy
Virginia, with the election of the House of Burgesses (forerunner of the Virginia General Assembly) in 1619. English Puritans who migrated from 1620 established colonies in New England whose local governance was democratic and which contributed to the democratic development of the United States; although these local assemblies had some small amounts of devolved power, the ultimate authority was held by the Crown and the English Parliament. The Puritans (Pilgrim Fathers), Baptists, and Quakers who founded these colonies applied the democratic organisation of their congregations also to the administration of their communities in worldly matters. The first Parliament of Great

"History of democracy"
it continues to hold today. Most of the former British and French colonies were independent by 1965 and at least initially democratic; those that were formerly part of the British Empire often adopted the Westminster parliamentary system. The process of decolonisation created much political upheaval in Africa and parts of Asia, with some countries experiencing often rapid changes to and from democratic and other forms of government. In the United States of America, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act enforced the 15th Amendment. The 24th Amendment ended poll taxing by removing all tax placed upon

"Provisional government"
royal rule. Irregularly convened assemblies during the English Revolution, such as Confederate Ireland (1641–49), were described as ""provisional"". The Continental Congress, a convention of delegates from 13 British colonies on the east coast of North America became the provisional government of the United States in 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. The government shed its provisional status in 1781, following ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and continued until it was supplanted by the United States Congress in 1789. The practice of using ""provisional government"" as part of a formal name can be traced to Talleyrand's government in France in

Shalom
Shalom Shalom ( ""shalom""; also spelled as ""sholom"", ""sholem"", ""sholoim"", ""shulem"") is a Hebrew word meaning ""peace"", ""harmony"", ""wholeness"", ""completeness"", ""prosperity"", ""welfare"" and ""tranquility"" and can be used idiomatically to mean both ""hello"" and ""goodbye"". As it does in English, it can refer to either peace between two entities (especially between man and God or between two countries), or to the well-being, welfare or safety of an individual or a group of individuals. The word shalom is also found in many other expressions and names. Its equivalent cognate in Arabic is ""salaam"", ""sliem"" in Maltese, Shlama in Syriac-Assyrian and ""sälam""

Shalom
modern Hebrew in Israel, as a given name or a surname. It is usually used by men as a given name but there are women named Shalom as well such as the model Shalom Harlow. ""Shalom"" can be part of an organization's name. For example, the names of the following organizations and places refer to ""peace"" between Israel and its Arab neighbors: ""Shalom"" is used as part of other names, such as for synagogues, as in: Shalom Shalom ( ""shalom""; also spelled as ""sholom"", ""sholem"", ""sholoim"", ""shulem"") is a Hebrew word meaning ""peace"", ""harmony"", ""wholeness"", ""completeness"", ""prosperity"", ""welfare"" and ""tranquility""

Shalom
to be safe, secure and forgiven, among other things. The word ""shalom"" can be used for all parts of speech; as a noun, adjective, verb, adverb, and interjection. It categorizes all shaloms. The word ""shalom"" is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Hebrew speech and writing: In Judaism, Shalom (peace), is one of the underlying principles of the Torah: ""Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are shalom (peace)""."" The Talmud explains, ""The entire Torah is for the sake of the ways of shalom"". Maimonides comments in his Mishneh Torah: ""Great is peace, as the

"Shalom aleichem"
Elohim , literally gods). Many religions share cognates to this greeting. The related Arabic variation """", (""peace be upon you"") is used by Arabs of different religions as a greeting and by Muslims of many language and ethnic backgrounds. The appropriate response is Wa alaikum salaam (""unto you peace""). (In Arabic ) As-salāmu alaykum and its variants are used by Muslims outside of the Arab world in Turkey, Indonesia, Central Asia, Iran, Sahel Africa, East Africa, and many other places. Aramaic and classical Syriac use which means ""peace for you."" Within the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, ""Peace be with you""

Shalom aleichem Shalom aleichem (; ""shālôm ʻalêḵem"") is a spoken greeting in Hebrew, meaning ""peace be upon you."" The appropriate response is ""aleichem shalom"" (""unto you peace"") (). This form of greeting is traditional among Jews throughout the world. It occurs six times in the Jerusalem Talmud. The greeting is more common amongst Ashkenazi Jews. Only the plural form """" is used even when addressing one person. A religious explanation for this is that one greets both the body and the soul, but Hebrew does occasionally use the plural as a sign of respect (e.g. a name of God is

with you."" The same is true of some Presbyterian and Reformed churches, such as the Presbyterian Church. Shalom aleichem Shalom aleichem (; ""shālôm ʻalêḵem"") is a spoken greeting in Hebrew, meaning ""peace be upon you."" The appropriate response is ""aleichem shalom"" (""unto you peace"") (). This form of greeting is traditional among Jews throughout the world. It occurs six times in the Jerusalem Talmud. The greeting is more common amongst Ashkenazi Jews. Only the plural form """" is used even when addressing one person. A religious explanation for this is that one greets both the body and the soul, but

"Shlomi (Hebrew name)"
Shlomi (Hebrew name) Shlomi or Shelomi is a Hebrew name (שלומי or in its Biblical spelling שלמי). It appears in the Bible once, in as the father of Ahihud, the leader of the Tribe of Asher. It has become popular as a first name in Israel. It also serves as a substitute or pet form of the more traditional name Shlomo (שלמה). The correct Biblical pronunciation is with the stress on the ""mi"" (in ""Milra3""), but most Israelis pronounce it with the stress on the ""lo"" (""Mil3el""). Shlomi means ""My Shalom"" where ""Shalom"" is well-being or peace. It may also

Shalom
(Latin). The concept of peace is important in Christianity. Biblically, ""shalom"" is seen in reference to the well-being of others (Genesis 43:27, Exodus 4:18), to treaties (I Kings 5:12), and in prayer for the wellbeing of cities or nations (Psalm 122:6, Jeremiah 29:7). The meaning of completeness, central to the term ""shalom"", can also be confirmed in related terms found in other Semitic languages. The Assyrian term ""salamu"" means to be complete, unharmed, paid/atoned. ""Sulmu"", another Assyrian term, means welfare. A closer relation to the idea of ""shalom"" as concept and action is seen in the Arabic root ""salaam"", meaning

"Baal Shem"
Baal Shem Baal Shem (, Hebrew: בַּעַל שֵׁם, pl. Baalei Shem) in Hebrew meaning ""Master of the Name"", refers to a historical Jewish occupation of certain kabbalistic rabbis with knowledge of using names of God in Judaism for practical kabbalah healing, miracles, exorcism and blessing. The unofficial title was given by others who recognised or benefited from the Baal Shem's ability to perform wondrous deeds, and emerged in the Middle Ages, continuing until the early modern era. Baal Shem were seen as miracle workers who could bring about cures and healing, as well having mystical powers to foresee or interpret

Shalom
in Ethiopian Semitic languages from the Proto-Semitic root Š-L-M. In Hebrew, words are built on ""roots"", generally of three consonants. When the root consonants appear with various vowels and additional letters, a variety of words, often with some relation in meaning, can be formed from a single root. Thus from the root ""sh-l-m"" come the words ""shalom"" (""peace, well-being""), ""hishtalem"" (""it was worth it""), ""shulam"" (""was paid for""), ""meshulam"" (""paid for in advance""), ""mushlam"" (""perfect""), and ""shalem"" (""whole""). In translations of the Bible, ""shalom"" may be translated as ""peace"" (English), ""paz"" (Spanish and Portuguese), ""paix"" (French), ""pace"" (Italian), or ""pax""

"Cauda equina"
the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and, partially, parasympathetic innervation of the bladder. In humans, the spinal cord stops growing in infancy and the end of the spinal cord is about the level of the third lumbar vertebra, or L3, at birth. Because the bones of the vertebral column continue to grow, by about 12 months of age, the end of the cord reaches its permanent position at the level of L1 or L2 (closer to the head). However, due to normal anatomical variations, the final cord end position may occur anywhere from T12 twelfth thoracic

Cauda equina The cauda equina () is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern, a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris. The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips, knees, ankles, feet, internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. In addition,

was named after its resemblance to a horse's tail () by the French anatomist Andreas Lazarius (André du Laurens) in the 17th century. Cauda equina The cauda equina () is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern, a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris. The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic

vertebra (T12) to L3. Individual spinal nerve roots arise from the cord as they get closer to the head, but as the differential growth occurs, the top end of the nerve stays attached to the spinal cord while the lower end of the nerve exits the spinal column at its proper level. This results in a ""bundle""-like structure of nerve fibers that extends caudally from the end of the spinal cord, gradually declining in number further down as individual pairs leave the spinal column. The cauda equina exists within the lumbar cistern, a gap between the arachnoid membrane and the

"Spinal cord"
of white matter carry information either up or down the spinal cord. The spinal cord proper terminates in a region called the conus medullaris, while the pia mater continues as an extension called the filum terminale, which anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. The cauda equina (""horse's tail"") is a collection of nerves inferior to the conus medullaris that continue to travel through the vertebral column to the coccyx. The cauda equina forms because the spinal cord stops growing in length at about age four, even though the vertebral column continues to lengthen until adulthood. This results in sacral

pia matter of the spinal cord, called the subarachnoid space. Cerebrospinal fluid also exists within this space. Because the spinal cord terminates at level L1/L2, lumbar puncture (or colloquially, ""spinal tap"") is performed from the lumbar cistern between two vertebrae at level L3/L4, or L4/L5, where there is no risk of accidental injury to the spinal cord, when a sample of CSF is needed for clinical purposes. Cauda equina syndrome, a rare disorder affecting the bundle of nerve roots (cauda equina) at the lower (lumbar) end of the spinal cord, is a surgical emergency. Cauda equina syndrome occurs when the

cord ends around the L1/L2 vertebral level, forming a structure known as the conus medullaris. Although the spinal cord cell bodies end around the L1/L2 vertebral level, the spinal nerves for each segment exit at the level of the corresponding vertebra. For the nerves of the lower spinal cord, this means that they exit the vertebral column much lower (more caudally) than their roots. As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. There are two regions where

"Caudal cell mass"
Caudal cell mass In humans and other mammals, the caudal cell mass (sometimes tail bud in humans) is the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the caudal end on the spine.The caudal end of the spinal cord first begins to form after primary neuralation has taken place, indicating that it develops after the cranial portion of the spinal cord has developed. Following neuralation, the caudal tail begins to form a neurocele as it develops a hollow core. After this, secondary neuralation occurs in which the medullary cord begins to form and is filled with many cavities that ultimatelly form the lumen.

displaces from its normal position. The herniation occurs after the disc begins to break down with aging and can be precipitated by stress or a mechanical problem in the spine. The result is that the softer, center portion of the disc pushes out and causes pressure on the nerve roots in the lumbar spine. Other causes include spinal lesions and tumors, spinal infections or inflammation, lumbar spinal stenosis, trauma to the lower back, birth abnormalities, spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), spinal hemorrhages (subarachnoid, subdural, epidural), narrowing of the spinal canal, postoperative lumbar spine surgery complications or spinal anesthesia. The cauda equina

"Cauda equina syndrome"
as MRI or CT scan. CES is generally treated surgically via laminectomy. Permanent bladder problems, sexual dysfunction or numbness may occur despite surgery. A poor outcome occurs in about 20% of people despite treatment. About 1 in 70,000 people is affected every year. It was first described in 1934. Severe back pain, saddle anesthesia, incontinence and sexual dysfunction are considered ""red flags"", i.e. features which require urgent investigation. After the conus medullaris, the canal contains a mass of nerves (the cauda equina or ""horse-tail"") that branches off the lower end of the spinal cord and contains the nerve roots from

Demographics of the European Union The demographics of the European Union show a highly populated, culturally diverse union of 28 member states. As of 1 January 2018, the population of the EU is about 512.6 million people. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.48 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth-rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year.

If demographic trends keep their pace, its share may fall to around 7% in 2050, but still amounting to 716 million people in absolute numbers, according to the United Nations estimate. (The decline in the percentage is partly due to high fertility rates in other parts of the world.) The sub-replacement fertility and high life expectancy in most European states mean a declining and aging population as it is not offset by the current immigration level. This situation is expected to be a challenge for their economies, political and social institutions. Countries on the edges of Europe, except for southern

were 549,000,000. The population of Europe in 2015 was estimated to be 741 million according to the United Nations, which was slightly less than 11% of the world population. The precise figure depends on the exact definition of the geographic extent of Europe. The population of the European Union (EU) was 509 million as of 2015. Non-EU countries situated in Europe in their entirety account for another 94 million. Five transcontinental countries have a total of 247 million people, of which about half reside in Europe proper. As it stands now, around 12% of the world's people live in Europe.

extremity of geographical Europe. The Basque language of the western Pyrenees is an isolate unrelated to any other group, while Maltese is the only Semitic language in Europe with national language status. The European Union (EU), which currently excludes many European countries (i.e. Norway, Russia and Switzerland), recognises 23 official languages as of 2007. According to the same source, the eight most natively spoken languages in the EU are (percentage of total EU population): These figures change when foreign language skills are taken into account. The list below shows the top eight European languages ordered by total number of speakers

and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct ""peoples of Europe"", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute ethnic minorities. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans. (including Europeans in Asian Russia) The largest ethnic groups are the Russians, of whom 92 million reside in Europe and the Germans, with 72 million. In some countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Spain, the designation of nationality may controversially take on ethnic aspects, subsuming smaller ethnic groups

all Member States, with the largest increases for both women and men recorded in Estonia and Slovenia. In 2017, Eurostat released yearly projections up to 2080. The table figures below are in thousands. There is no precise or universally accepted definition of the terms ""ethnic group"" or ""nationality"". In the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ""ethnic group"", ""people"" (without nation state), ""nationality"", ""national minority"", ""ethnic minority"", ""linguistic community"", ""linguistic group"" and ""linguistic minority"" are used as mostly synonymous, although preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe. The

Chinese 0.1100; Africans (Yoruba) – Chinese 0.1900. Demographics of Europe Figures for the population of Europe vary according to how one defines the boundaries of Europe. According to the United Nations, the population within the standard physical geographical boundaries comprised 737 million in 2010. In 2010 the population was 711 million, defining Europe's boundaries as the continental divides of the Caucasus and Ural mountains and the Bosporous, and including the European parts of the countries of Russia and of Turkey. Europe's population growth is comparatively low, and its median age comparatively high, in relation to the world's other continents, especially

"Philadelphia International Airport"
Philadelphia International Airport Philadelphia International Airport , often referred to just by its IATA code PHL, is a major airport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, and is the largest airport in the Delaware Valley region and in the state. The airport is a major international hub for American and a regional cargo hub for UPS Airlines. Philadelphia International Airport is also a focus city for ultra low-cost airline Frontier. The airport has service to destinations in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. As of Summer 2018, 133 total destinations will be served, including

"San Francisco International Airport"
San Francisco International Airport San Francisco International Airport is an international airport south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County. It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe and Asia. SFO is the largest airport in Northern California and the second-busiest in California and on the Western Coast of North America, after Los Angeles International Airport. In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count. It is the fifth-largest hub for United

"Newark Liberty International Airport"
City, and south of Downtown Newark. It is one of three major airports serving the New York Metropolitan Area, the others being John F. Kennedy and La Guardia in Queens, New York, both of which are also operated by the Port Authority. It also attracts a significant passenger base from the Philadelphia metropolitan area. In 2017, EWR was the fifteenth busiest airport in the United States, and the forty-third busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic, serving 43,393,499 passengers. Newark serves 50 carriers and is the third-largest hub (after Chicago–O'Hare and Houston–Intercontinental) for United Airlines, which is the airport's

government of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports. Covering 3,500 acres (1,416 ha) of land, LAX is also notable for its four parallel runways. In 2017, LAX handled 84,557,968 passengers, making it the world's fifth busiest and the United States' second busiest airport following Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. As the largest and busiest international airport on the U.S. West Coast, LAX is a major international gateway to the United States, and also serves a connection point for some passengers traveling internationally. The airport holds the record for the world's busiest origin and destination airport, since relative to

Airport
of ""world's oldest airport"" is disputed, but College Park Airport in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright, is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield, although it serves only general aviation traffic. Bisbee-Douglas International Airport in Arizona was declared ""the first international airport of the Americas"" by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943. Pearson Field Airport in Vancouver, Washington, had a dirigible land in 1905 and planes in 1911 and is still in use. Hamburg Airport opened in January 1911, making it the oldest commercial airport in the world which is still in operation.

Newark Liberty International Airport Newark Liberty International Airport , originally Newark Metropolitan Airport and later Newark International Airport, is the primary airport serving the U.S. state of New Jersey, and the secondary international airport serving New York City. The airport straddles the boundary between the cities of Newark and Elizabeth, the former of which is the most populous city in the state. The airport is owned jointly by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and leased to and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Newark Airport is located northeast of Philadelphia, west of New York

"Charlotte Douglas International Airport"
Charlotte Douglas International Airport Charlotte Douglas International Airport is a joint civil-military public international airport located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Established in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport, in 1954 the airport was renamed Douglas Municipal Airport after former Charlotte mayor Ben Elbert Douglas Sr., who had overseen the airport's construction. The airport gained its current name in 1982 and, as of September 2017, it is the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, with service to 161 domestic and international destinations. As of 2016 it was the 11th busiest airport in the United States,

"Tampa International Airport"
Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and ""Landside/Airside"" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,

Airport
or airfields recognizable from the air"" around the world, including 15,095 in the US, the US having the most in the world. Most of the world's large airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports – it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just Heathrow

"Denver International Airport"
Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights

"Carol Ann Susi"
Carol Ann Susi Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series ""The Big Bang Theory"". Susi made her first screen appearance in """", where she played the recurring role of intern Monique Marmelstein. Other television and film credits included: ""McMillan & Wife"", ""Coyote Ugly"", ""Just Go with It"", ""The Big Bang Theory"", ""Becker"", ""Grey's Anatomy"", ""That '70s Show"", ""Out of Practice"", ""Cats & Dogs"", ""Just Shoot Me"", ""Married... with Children"", ""Night Court"", ""The

"Howard Wolowitz"
his mom"". Howard is an only child. Howard's wife is Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz. Mrs. Wolowitz (voiced by Carol Ann Susi) is not shown on screen until the season 6 episode ""The Spoiler Alert Segmentation"", but her voice is heard when he is at their house or when he talks to her on the phone. She only communicates with Howard by yelling to him in an obnoxious manner, which results in awkward long-distance conversations, with Howard yelling back at her in a frustrated manner. Her nosy nature and her barrage of questions make Howard's life tense at home, which prompts him to

"Wendel Meldrum"
Wendel Meldrum Wendel Anne Meldrum (born April 15, 1959, Rome, Italy) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as the ""low talking"" designer on the 1993 ""Seinfeld"" episode ""The Puffy Shirt"", and as Miss White/Mrs. Heimer on ""The Wonder Years"". She has guest starred in several television series and has appeared in a number of feature films and television movies. Her films have included ""Beautiful Dreamers"" (1990), ""Why Me?"" (1990), ""Diplomatic Immunity"" (1991) and ""The Divine Ryans"" (1999). She wrote the screenplay for the 2005 independent film ""Cruel But Necessary"". She also played the starring role of Betty

series, ""Easy"" along with Orlando Bloom and Malin Akerman. Micucci married musician and recording producer Jake Sinclair in February 2018. They live in Los Angeles and New York. On December 30, 2009, G4TV named Micucci the #1 Woman of Comedy. Kate Micucci Kate Micucci ( ; born March 31, 1980) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, singer, songwriter and artist that is one half of the musical comedy duo ""Garfunkel and Oates"". Some of her well known roles include Stephanie Gooch in ""Scrubs"", Shelley in ""Raising Hope"", Lucy in ""The Big Bang Theory"", Sadie in ""Steven Universe"", Sara Murphy

scenes set at Howard's home, he interacts with his rarely-seen mother (voiced by Carol Ann Susi until her death) by shouting from room to room in the house. She similarly interacts with other characters in this manner. She reflects the Jewish mother stereotype in some ways, such as being overly controlling of Howard's adult life and sometimes trying to make him feel guilty about causing her trouble. She is dependent on Howard, as she requires him to help her with her wig and makeup in the morning. Howard, in turn, is attached to his mother to the point where she

"Christine Baranski"
in the series ""Now and Again"" as the voice of Roger's overbearing wife Ruth, who was never seen by viewers. Baranski later appeared in the 2000–2001 sitcom ""Welcome to New York"" and, with John Laroquette, in the 2003–2004 NBC sitcom ""Happy Family"". She co-starred with Bernadette Peters in a pilot for an ABC sitcom, ""Adopted"", in 2005, which was not picked up. She also played Faith Clancy, the mother of Jim Clancy in ""Ghost Whisperer"". In 2009 Baranski began guest-starring in ""The Big Bang Theory"" as Dr. Beverly Hofstadter, a dispassionate psychiatrist and neuroscientist and mother of one of the

"Andrea Martin"
Fund (COAF) and host of their annual gala. Martin is also a member of the charity Artists Against Racism, for which she has participated in a TV PSA. Andrea Martin Andrea Louise Martin (born January 15, 1947) is an American-Canadian actress, singer, author and comedian, best known for her work in the television series ""SCTV"" and ""Great News"". She has appeared in films such as ""Black Christmas"" (1974), ""Wag the Dog"" (1997), ""Hedwig and the Angry Inch"" (2001), ""My Big Fat Greek Wedding"" (2002) ""My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2"" (2016), (2018) lent her voice to the animated films ""Anastasia""

"Maria Bamford"
Maria Bamford Maria Elizabeth Sheldon Bamford (born September 3, 1970) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, and voice actress. She is best known for her portrayal of her dysfunctional family and self-deprecating comedy involving jokes about depression and anxiety. Her first comedy album and tour was ""The Burning Bridges Tour"" (2003), followed by her second album, ""How to WIN!"" (2007), and her third, ""Unwanted Thoughts Syndrome"" (2009). She appeared in her first feature film, ""Lucky Numbers"" (2000), before lending her voice to characters on many different animated shows, including Shriek on ""CatDog"", and many more characters on ""American Dad!"", ""Ugly

"Melissa Rauch"
was pregnant on July 11, 2017, and disclosed that she had a miscarriage previously. On December 4, 2017 Rauch announced on Instagram that she had given birth to a girl, Sadie. Rauch modeled the voice of Bernadette after her parents: the ""sweet, high-pitched purr"" is modeled after her mother, while the ""eerie, haranguing imitation"" of Mrs. Wolowitz is modeled after her father. Both are ""very different"" from Rauch's real voice. Melissa Rauch Melissa Ivy Rauch (born June 23, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz on the CBS sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"". Rauch was

"War (The Temptations song)"
War (The Temptations song) ""War"" is a counterculture-era soul song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for the Motown label in 1969. Whitfield first produced the song – an obvious anti-Vietnam War protest – with The Temptations as the original vocalists. After Motown began receiving repeated requests to release ""War"" as a single, Whitfield re-recorded the song with Edwin Starr as the vocalist, with the label deciding to withhold the Temptations' version from single release so as not to alienate their more conservative fans. Starr's version of ""War"" was a number-one hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 chart in

"War Baby (song)"
on their 2014 release ""Ghosts"". War Baby (song) ""War Baby"" is a song by Tom Robinson, released as a single in 1983. It reached No. 6 on the UK singles chart, and was included on Robinson's 1984 album ""Hope and Glory"". After the break-up of his band Sector 27, Robinson was ""massively into debt, particularly with the British tax authorities"", was ""technically bankrupt"", and depressed, so in 1982 he went to stay with a friend in Hamburg, Germany. He learnt German and started playing in Germany, including in East Berlin (seven years before the fall of the Berlin Wall), with

"The War Song"
The War Song ""The War Song"" is a 1984 song by the British band Culture Club which features background vocals by Clare Torry. It was the lead single from the band's third album ""Waking Up with the House on Fire"". The song became the group's seventh top-five hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number two. In the U.S. the single peaked at #17 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and hit the top ten in many countries including Canada (#7), Ireland (#1), Italy (#3) and Australia (#2). While very popular at the time, it was not appreciated by some

"Don't Let Me Down (Beatles song)"
Don't Let Me Down (Beatles song) ""Don't Let Me Down"" is a song by the Beatles (with Billy Preston), recorded in 1969 during the ""Let It Be"" sessions. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. Written by Lennon as an anguished love song to Yoko Ono, it was interpreted by Paul McCartney as a ""genuine plea"", with Lennon saying to Ono, ""I'm really stepping out of line on this one. I'm really just letting my vulnerability be seen, so you must not let me down."" The song is in the key of E major and is in

a version of ""War"" as the title track of their EP ""War on 45"". War (The Temptations song) ""War"" is a counterculture-era soul song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for the Motown label in 1969. Whitfield first produced the song – an obvious anti-Vietnam War protest – with The Temptations as the original vocalists. After Motown began receiving repeated requests to release ""War"" as a single, Whitfield re-recorded the song with Edwin Starr as the vocalist, with the label deciding to withhold the Temptations' version from single release so as not to alienate their more conservative fans. Starr's

"War (band)"
of its formation, leaving member Leroy ""Lonnie"" Jordan as the only original member in the current line-up; four other members created a new group called the Lowrider Band. In 1962, Howard E. Scott and Harold Brown formed a group called The Creators in Long Beach, California. Within a few years, they had added Charles Miller, Morris ""B. B."" Dickerson and Lonnie Jordan to the lineup. Lee Oskar and Papa Dee Allen later joined as well. They all shared a love of diverse styles of music, which they had absorbed living in the racially mixed Los Angeles ghettos. The Creators recorded

"Beautiful War (song)"
Beautiful War (song) ""Beautiful War"" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on December 9, 2013 through RCA Records as the fourth single from their sixth studio album ""Mechanical Bull"" (2013). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. The song is first demoed to other music artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson and Westlife. A music video to accompany the release of ""Beautiful War"" was first released onto YouTube on November 22, 2013 at a total length of six minutes and

"The War (Angels & Airwaves song)"
The War (Angels & Airwaves song) ""The War"" is a song by the American rock band Angels & Airwaves. It was the fourth single from their debut studio album, ""We Don't Need to Whisper"" (2006), released on Geffen Records. The song impacted radio on October 10, 2006. It peaked at number nineteen on ""Billboard"" Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 2007. Tom DeLonge has described this song as anti-war, with specific references to the Invasion of Normandy in World War II. ""The War"" was the last song the band would play, during their ""We Don't Need to Whisper"" concerts, with

"War (Bob Marley song)"
War (Bob Marley song) ""War"" is a song recorded and made popular by Bob Marley. It first appeared on Bob Marley and the Wailers' 1976 Island Records album, ""Rastaman Vibration"", Marley's only top 10 album in the USA. (In UK it reached position 15 May 15, 1976.) The lyrics are almost entirely derived from a speech made by Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I before the United Nations General Assembly on 4 October 1963. ""War"" is credited to Allen ""Skill"" Cole (idea) and Carlton Barrett (music); the music was an extension of the one-drop drumming style, which Carlton Barrett had developed

trust foundation. The War (Angels & Airwaves song) ""The War"" is a song by the American rock band Angels & Airwaves. It was the fourth single from their debut studio album, ""We Don't Need to Whisper"" (2006), released on Geffen Records. The song impacted radio on October 10, 2006. It peaked at number nineteen on ""Billboard"" Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 2007. Tom DeLonge has described this song as anti-war, with specific references to the Invasion of Normandy in World War II. ""The War"" was the last song the band would play, during their ""We Don't Need to Whisper""

"After You've Gone (song)"
After You've Gone (song) ""After You've Gone"" is a 1918 popular song composed by Turner Layton with lyrics by Henry Creamer. It was recorded by Marion Harris on July 22, 1918, and released by Victor Records. The chorus adheres to a standard ABAC pattern but is only 20 measures long. There are four 4-bar phrases, followed by a 4 measure tag. The song is harmonically active, with chord changes almost every measure. The opening four notes are identical to the opening notes of Peg o' My Heart (1912)—at the time songwriters often borrowed the first few notes of a hit

melody. After You've Gone (song) ""After You've Gone"" is a 1918 popular song composed by Turner Layton with lyrics by Henry Creamer. It was recorded by Marion Harris on July 22, 1918, and released by Victor Records. The chorus adheres to a standard ABAC pattern but is only 20 measures long. There are four 4-bar phrases, followed by a 4 measure tag. The song is harmonically active, with chord changes almost every measure. The opening four notes are identical to the opening notes of Peg o' My Heart (1912)—at the time songwriters often borrowed the first few notes of a

"After You've Gone (TV series)"
as appearing in a pilot programme for BBC Three called ""The Things I Haven't Told You"" (which has not been picked up). The theme song is ""After You've Gone"" and is performed by Jamie Cullum. The song was composed by Turner Layton with lyrics by Henry Creamer and was originally released in 1918 by Marion Harris. The BBC announced in January that it had commissioned a third series with eight episodes and a Christmas special, they also announced that a fourth series had been commissioned that included ten episodes and a festive one-off for 2009. Later the BBC made a

"After the Love Has Gone"
After the Love Has Gone ""After the Love Has Gone"" is a 1979 hit single for Earth, Wind & Fire, written by David Foster, Jay Graydon, and Bill Champlin for the album ""I Am"". It held the #2 spot on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, behind The Knack's smash hit ""My Sharona"". One of the song's writers, David Foster, worked on an album for Motown Records singer Jaye P. Morgan. The album was released in Japan and never took off in the United States. Foster later went to Motown to let the executives hear some of

as well as artists such as Donny Osmond on his album ""Somewhere in Time"", Eric Benet on his album ""From E to U: Volume 1"", Mint Condition on the album ""Interpretations: Celebrating the Music of Earth, Wind & Fire"", and 112 on the album ""New York Undercover: A Night at Natalie's"". The song was sampled by Ryan Shaw in 2008. Norman Brown also covered the song in his 1996 smooth jazz album ""Better Days Ahead"". Tommy Emmanuel and CDB released a version as the lead single from Emmanuel's 1998 album, ""Collaboration"". The song peaked at number 74 in Australia. ,

the material. Foster was in the middle of a song and ad-libbed the chorus to ""After The Love Has Gone"", as he had forgotten the words. Foster and Jay Graydon then asked Bill Champlin to write lyrics to the music after Graydon had come up with an idea for the verse. At the time, Foster was producing Champlin's 1978 solo debut ""Single"" for Full Moon/Epic Records and was working with Earth, Wind & Fire around the time they were recording their album ""I Am"". Foster then showed Maurice White the song, which White loved and wanted to record. Foster and

"After the Fire Is Gone"
After the Fire Is Gone ""After the Fire Is Gone"" is a song written by L. E. White, and recorded by American country music artists Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty as a duet. It was released in January 1971 as the only single from the LP ""We Only Make Believe"". ""After the Fire Is Gone"" was the first number one on the U.S. country chart for Lynn and Twitty as a duo. It spent two weeks at number one and a total of 14 weeks on the chart. On the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, the single peaked at number 56. In

"After You (Beverley Knight song)"
After You (Beverley Knight song) ""After You"" is the second single released from British singer-songwriter Beverley Knight's fifth studio album, ""Music City Soul"". The radio edit of the song was produced by Pete Vale and has different production and vocals to the original album version, which was produced by Mark Nevers. It was released in the UK on 2 July 2007. The single was confirmed for release in an interview with BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour programme on 8 May 2007 and the video for the song, directed by Andy Hylton, was premiered online on 25 May 2007. At present,

After You've Gone (TV series) After You've Gone was a British comedy that aired on BBC One from 12 January 2007 to 21 December 2008. Starring Nicholas Lyndhurst, Celia Imrie, Dani Harmer and Ryan Sampson, ""After You've Gone"" was created by Fred Barron, who also created ""My Family"". The writers include Barron, Ian Brown, Katie Douglas, James Hendie, Danny Robins, Andrea Solomons and Dan Tetsell. Three series and two Christmas specials aired, and work on scripts for a fourth series had already begun when the BBC withdrew the commission in November 2008 and cancelled the series. When his ex-wife Ann

"Turner Layton"
is the standard ""After You've Gone"", written in 1918 and first popularized by Sophie Tucker. Turner and Creamer had another hit with Way Down Yonder in New Orleans in 1922. It was recorded in 1927 by Frank Trumbauer (with Bix Beiderbecke), and was a rock and roll hit for Freddy Cannon in 1959. Turner and Layton contributed music and lyrics to many Broadway shows, including the ""Ziegfeld Follies"" of 1917, 1921 and 1922, ""Three Showers"" (1920), ""Some Party"" (1922) and Creamer's own ""Strut Miss Lizzie"" (1922). Beginning in 1924, Layton found major popular success in England with Clarence ""Tandy"" Johnstone

"The squeaky wheel gets the grease"
The squeaky wheel gets the grease The squeaky wheel gets the grease is an American proverb used to convey the idea that the most noticeable (or loudest) problems are the ones most likely to get attention. It is alternately expressed as ""The squeaky wheel gets the oil"". The origin of the squeaky wheel metaphor is unknown, but its current form is attributed to American humorist Josh Billings who is said to have popularized it in his putative poem ""The Kicker"" (c. 1870). However, this poem has been attributed to various authors, anonymous or otherwise, and its provenance has never been

"Nutmeg (football)"
Nutmeg (football) A nutmeg (or tunnel, nut, megs, megnuts, panna, brooksy) is a skill used mainly in association football, but also in field hockey, ice hockey, and basketball. The aim is to kick, roll, dribble, throw, or push the ball (or puck) between an opponent's legs (feet). Kicking the ball through an opponent's legs in order to get the ball past them and back to the original player is a dribbling skill that is commonly used among football players, with some of the most notable practitioners in the modern game including Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Lionel Messi, Neymar, Eden Hazard, Vahid Amiri,

"PIT maneuver"
PIT maneuver The PIT maneuver, or Pursuit Intervention Technique, is a pursuit tactic by which a pursuing car can force a fleeing car to turn sideways abruptly, causing the driver to lose control and stop. Other names include pit block, pit stop, and blocking. It was developed and named by the Fairfax County Police Department of Virginia, United States. Other interpretations of the acronym ""PIT"" include pursuit immobilization technique, precision immobilization technique, push it tough, parallel immobilization technique, and precision intervention tactic. The technique is also known as tactical car intervention, tactical ramming, legal intervention, and fishtailing (compare to fishtailing).

"Stealing thunder"
the point first and being open about it or rebutting it, the force of the opposition's argument is diminished – their thunder is stolen. Stealing thunder Stealing thunder is to take someone else's idea, using it for one's own advantage or to pre-empt the other party. The idiom comes from the peevish dramatist John Dennis early in the 18th century, after he had conceived a novel idea for a thunder machine. There is an account of it in ""The lives of the poets of Great Britain and Ireland"" by Robert Shiels and Theophilus Cibber: In a contentious situation, such as

"Roger Dodger (phrase)"
but still retain the essential ingredients: the successful war hero in the thick of the action and the overbearing officer concerned only with strict adherence to the regulations. Over several decades, the story faded into folklore, but the phrase ""Roger Dodger"" retains widespread recognition in the United States even though most people do not know what it really means or its origin. It is generally used in a flippant way, often in seeming mocking of police or military authority. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) officially defines the word ""roger"" to mean ""I have received all of your transmission."" For

"Dribble drive motion"
Dribble drive motion The dribble drive motion is an offensive strategy in basketball, developed by former Pepperdine head coach Vance Walberg during his time as a California high school coach and at Fresno City College. The offense was popularized at the major college level by John Calipari while at The University of Memphis, and was sometimes called the ""Memphis Attack"". Originally called 'AASAA' by Walberg (for ""Attack, Attack, Skip, Attack, Attack""), the offense is also sometimes known as the 'Walberg offense' or abbreviated to DDM, and has been described as ""Princeton on steroids"". The offense focuses on spreading the offensive

"You kids get off my lawn!"
envisioned by the idiom, of an older homeowner's reprimand of careless or disrespectful minors heedlessly shortcutting across his highly valued lawn. Individual instances of these mundane encounters seldom enter the historical record, although some incidents have escalated to notable levels. The idiom was popularized by American baby-boomer television host David Letterman as one of his comedic taglines, beginning in the 1980s. Since then, it has gained general currency. Stephanie Miller occasionally ascribes the phrase ""Hey! You kids get off my lawn!"" to Senator John McCain in her satirical portraits of McCain. (McCain, in a 2008 appearance on David Letterman's ""Late

Stealing thunder Stealing thunder is to take someone else's idea, using it for one's own advantage or to pre-empt the other party. The idiom comes from the peevish dramatist John Dennis early in the 18th century, after he had conceived a novel idea for a thunder machine. There is an account of it in ""The lives of the poets of Great Britain and Ireland"" by Robert Shiels and Theophilus Cibber: In a contentious situation, such as a court case, political debate or public relations crisis, it is a tactic used to weaken the force of an adverse point. By introducing

Dodgeball
opposing team something to hit him with. Players are not allowed to leave the confines of the court to gather balls that have rolled out of bounds, balls must be returned to players by each team's designated ball retrievers. If a player steps outside the court, including stepping on a boundary line, that player is out. If a player moves into the opponent's zone, that player is out. Players can also get eliminated if their throw intentionally hits an opponent on the head, displays bad sportsmanship, or cheats. Kicking the balls is prohibited. Depending on the rules of a particular

"Kickin' It"
others are basically for comic relief. The series was created by Emmy nominated producer, Jim O'Doherty who started his career as a sitcom writer and producer for the television comedies ""3rd Rock from the Sun"", ""Grounded for Life"", and ""The Tracy Morgan Show"". ""Kickin' It"" is said to be inspired by O'Doherty's childhood growing up on Long Island, New York where he earned a green belt in martial arts, but was forced to end his training when his local dojo closed down and was turned into a veterinary clinic. This childhood connection to martial arts, combined with three of his

"Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry"
crowd began to chant ""Na na na na... Na na na na... hey, hey, hey... goodbye!"" (in reference to the song of the same name by Steam). This has since changed, as the two schools will meet in 2018 and 2019 in a home-and-home series, beginning in week one on September 1, 2018 at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, IN. The following season, the Fighting Irish with travel to the Big House for a show-down in Ann Arbor on October 26, 2019. Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry The Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the

contest 386 to 230 yards. 2017 October 7, 2017: For the first time, Michigan and Michigan State would meet for a night game in their 110th meeting. The game was held in Ann Arbor at the Big House at 7:30 PM on ABC. Michigan came into the game as #7 in the AP Poll and 4–0 on the season. The Michigan State Spartans came into the game unranked at 3–1 on the season, with their only loss at that point to Notre Dame in East Lansing. Michigan was 3–0 in night games at Michigan Stadium at the time. In the

though the football team has played five ACC opponents each season since 2014. Notre Dame and Michigan reached a mutual agreement to suspend the series for the 2018 and 2019 football season. Notre Dame then decided to cancel the 2015 through 2017 games, citing the need to play ACC games. It was announced that after a three-year hiatus, the series will resume in 2018 and 2019. Notre Dame and Michigan first played in 1887 in Notre Dame's first football game. The Wolverines proceeded to win the first eight contests, before Notre Dame notched its first win in the series in

"2017 Michigan State Spartans football team"
2017 football schedule on July 11, 2013. The 2017 schedule consists of seven home and five away games in the regular season. The Spartans host Big Ten foes Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, and Penn State, and travel to Michigan, Minnesota, Northwestern, Ohio State, and Rutgers. The Spartans host all three non-conference opponents, Bowling Green from the Mid-American Conference (MAC), Western Michigan, also from the MAC, and Notre Dame, an independent. MSU did not leave the state of Michigan until their October 14 game at Minnesota. MSU opened the season at Spartan Stadium against Mid-American Conference opponent, Bowling Green looking to improve

"Michigan State–Notre Dame football rivalry"
In 2017, Notre Dame traveled to East Lansing to take on the Spartans once again. Notre Dame quarterback Brandon Wimbush threw for a touchdown and ran for another as Notre Dame routed Michigan State 38–18. Notre Dame's defense forced three turnovers in the game, including an interception thrown by MSU QB Brian Lewerke. The interception was returned for a touchdown by Irish defensive back Julian Love on MSU's first possession, giving the Irish an early 14–0 lead. Both teams then swapped touchdown drives. Down 21–7, Michigan State drove deep into Notre Dame territory, and appeared to score to make it

1909. In 1942, in the first meeting since 1909, Michigan beat then #4 Notre Dame in Notre Dame Stadium. The next season, on October 9, top-ranked Notre Dame defeated second-ranked Michigan in the first matchup of top teams since the creation of the AP Poll in 1936. The teams ceased to play each other until the series was renewed in 1978. It has since been played annually with the exception of hiatuses in 1983–84, 1995–96, and 2000–01. After the 2014 meeting, the series went on hiatus. However, the series will be renewed in 2018 and 2019. Michigan leads the all-time

17, 2015: the game was played in Ann Arbor for the first time since 2012. The #12 Wolverines, led by first-year coach Jim Harbaugh, entered the game 5–1. The #7 Spartans came into the game 6–0. This was the first meeting of coaches Mark Dantonio and Harbaugh. Michigan scored first and never trailed all the way until the final play of the game. Late in the 4th quarter, with the Wolverines leading 23–21, Michigan State drove into field goal range, but a sack pushed them outside the 40. They failed to convert on 4th and long, giving Michigan the ball

teams. Ohio State defeated Michigan for the fifth consecutive time, winning 30–27 in two overtimes. The 2017 game, held in Ann Arbor, drew a crowd of more than 112,000, and featured the ninth-ranked Buckeyes against the unranked Wolverines. Michigan led 14-0 at the end of the first quarter but Ohio State tied the game at 14-14 before half time. Michigan's offense was limited to six points in the second half, and Ohio State scored 17, winning the game 31-20. The victory was the Buckeyes' sixth win in six years under head coach Urban Meyer. J.T. Barrett, Ohio State's starting quarterback,

"Michigan State Spartans football"
2013 seasons in opposite Big Ten conference divisions, MSU and PSU resumed playing each other annually for the trophy in 2014. Michigan State is the current holder of the Land Grant Trophy after upsetting the number 8 ranked Nittany Lions 21–17 on the road in Happy Valley, on October 13, 2018. Michigan State currently leads the series 16–14–1. The 1966 Michigan State vs. Notre Dame football game (""The Game of the Century"") remains one of the greatest, and most controversial, games in college football history. The game was played in Michigan State's Spartan Stadium on November 19, 1966. Michigan State

to tie the game at 31. They faked it, and the holder Aaron Bates tossed a game-winning touchdown pass to Charlie Gantt to win it 34–31 for the Spartans. In 2011, the Irish reclaimed the trophy with a 31–13 victory in which they led all the way. Notre Dame's 17–13 victory in South Bend in 2013 made it three wins in a row for the Irish and was perhaps the most controversial game in memory. The teams renewed the rivalry in 2016, as No. 12 Michigan State reclaimed the trophy by defeating No. 18 Notre Dame in South Bend 36–28.

lines in the song's repetitive chorus proclaim, ""We are the world, we are the children, we are the ones who make a brighter day, so let's start giving"". ""We Are the World"" opens with Lionel Richie, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon, Kenny Rogers, James Ingram, Tina Turner, and Billy Joel singing the first verse. Michael Jackson and Diana Ross follow, completing the first chorus together. Dionne Warwick, Willie Nelson, and Al Jarreau sing the second verse, before Bruce Springsteen, Kenny Loggins, Steve Perry, and Daryl Hall go through the second chorus. Co-writer Jackson, Huey Lewis, Cyndi Lauper, and Kim Carnes follow

artists to tears, before being led from the room. Wonder attempted to lighten the mood, by joking that the recording session gave him a chance to ""see"" fellow blind musician Ray Charles. ""We just sort of bumped into each other!"" The solo parts of the song were recorded without any problems. The final version of ""We Are the World"" was completed at 8 am. ""We Are the World"" is sung from a first person viewpoint, allowing the audience to ""internalize"" the message by singing the word ""we"" together. It has been described as ""an appeal to human compassion"". The first

2009, after suffering a cardiac arrest. His memorial service was held several days later on July 7, and was reported to have been viewed by more than three billion people. The finale of the event featured group renditions of the Jackson anthems ""We Are the World"" and ""Heal the World"". The singalong of ""We Are the World"" was led by Darryl Phinnessee, who had worked with Jackson since the late 1980s. It also featured co-writer Lionel Richie and Jackson's family, including his children. Following the performance, ""We Are the World"" re-entered the US charts for the first time since its

on their local stations, Georgia radio disc jockeys, Bob Wolf and Don Briscar came up with the idea for a worldwide simulcast. They called hundreds of radio and satellite stations asking them to participate. On the morning of April 5, 1985 (Good Friday of that year) at 10:25 am, over 8000 radio stations simultaneously broadcast the song around the world. As the song was broadcast, hundreds of people sang along on the steps of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York. The simultaneous radio broadcast of ""We Are the World"" was repeated again the following Good Friday. ""We Are the World""

"Rawlings Gold Glove Award"
the majority. Afterwards, Jay Jaffe of ""Sports Illustrated"" wrote that the Gold Gloves ""appear to have significantly closed the gap on their more statistically-driven counterparts."" SABR and ""FiveThirtyEight"" believed that the impact to the voting results by SDI, which is also included on the voters' ballots, went beyond its 25 own percent weight and also influenced the managers' and coaches' voting. The most Gold Gloves ever won by one player is 18 by pitcher Greg Maddux. He won 13 consecutive awards from 1990 to 2002, all in the National League. Brooks Robinson has the most wins as a third baseman,

with 16 Gold Gloves, and is tied for the second-highest total overall with pitcher Jim Kaat, who won his 16 awards consecutively. Iván Rodríguez has won the most Gold Gloves as a catcher, with 13 career awards in the American League. Ozzie Smith has 13 wins at shortstop; he and Rodríguez are tied for the fourth-highest total among all winners. Among outfielders, Roberto Clemente and Willie Mays, who played primarily right field and center field, respectively, are tied for the lead with 12 Gold Gloves. Keith Hernandez, the leader at first base, has won 11 times, and Roberto Alomar leads

then throws the ball to the first baseman to force out the batter for the second out. Mark Belanger won four Gold Gloves with the Baltimore Orioles alongside winning partner Bobby Grich, and Joe Morgan paired with Dave Concepción for four combination wins with the Cincinnati Reds. The most recent teammates to accomplish the feat are Andrelton Simmons and Ian Kinsler, who won with the Los Angeles Angels in 2018. Since 1957, there have been five Gold Glove batteries. The pitcher and catcher, collectively known as the battery, are the only two players on the field involved in every pitch.

second basemen with 10 wins. Other players with 10 or more wins include shortstop Omar Vizquel (11), catcher Johnny Bench (10), third baseman Mike Schmidt (10), and outfielders Ken Griffey Jr., Ichiro Suzuki, Andruw Jones, and Al Kaline (10 each). The only player to win Gold Gloves as an infielder and outfielder is Darin Erstad, who won Gold Gloves as an outfielder in 2000 and 2002 and as a first baseman in 2004, all with the Anaheim Angels. The only other player to win Gold Gloves at multiple positions is Plácido Polanco, who won at second base (2007, 2009 AL)

In particular, the pitcher and catcher control the running game with tools such as pickoffs or the strength of the catcher's throwing arm. The first pitcher and catcher on the same team to win Gold Gloves in the same year were Jim Kaat and Earl Battey, with the Minnesota Twins in 1962. Only two pairs of batterymates have won Gold Gloves together more than once: Iván Rodríguez and Kenny Rogers won with the Texas Rangers in 2000, and again with the Detroit Tigers in 2004 and 2006. Yadier Molina and Adam Wainwright matched the feat, winning in both 2009 and

for approximately 25 percent of the vote. Eighteen Gold Gloves are awarded each year (with the exception of 1957, 1985, 2007, and 2018), one at each of the nine positions in each league. In 1957, the baseball glove manufacturer Rawlings created the Gold Glove Award to commemorate the best fielding performance at each position. The award was created from a glove made from gold lamé-tanned leather and affixed to a walnut base. Initially, only one Gold Glove per position was awarded to the top fielder at each position in Major League Baseball; however, separate awards were given for the National

"Roberto Alomar"
a record 10 Gold Gloves at the position (1991–96, 1998–2001). He also: Roberto Alomar Roberto ""Robbie"" Alomar Velázquez (; ; born February 5, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball player (1988–2004), regarded highly as a second baseman. During his career, the 12-time All-Star won more Gold Gloves (10) than any other second baseman in baseball history, and also won the third-most Silver Slugger Awards (4) for a second baseman. On January 5, 2011, Alomar was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, in his second year of eligibility. He became the first Hall of Fame member to be inducted

for each outfield position were once again presented. In the 1985 American League voting, a tie for third-place resulted in the presentation of Gold Glove Awards to four outfielders (Dwayne Murphy, Gary Pettis, Dwight Evans and Dave Winfield); this scenario was repeated in the National League in 2007 (Andruw Jones, Carlos Beltrán, Aaron Rowand, and Jeff Francoeur). Before SABR's involvement in the voting process, ""The Boston Globe"" writer Peter Abraham said the Fielding Bible Awards ""are far more accurate (and accountable)"" than the Gold Glove awards since statistics are used along with the opinions of an expert panel. The Gold

"I'm In the Mood for Dancing"
I'm In the Mood for Dancing ""I'm in the Mood for Dancing"" is a single by the Irish pop group, The Nolan Sisters. Originally released in November 1979, the song became a top three hit in the UK in February 1980. A blend of pop and disco, it has since become synonymous with the group and remains their biggest hit. It was also a hit in many countries around the world such as New Zealand and Japan, where it was a number one hit. The song was originally recorded as part of the Nolan Sisters' first mainstream pop album, simply

titled ""Nolan Sisters"" in 1979. It was written by Ben Findon, Mike Myers and Bob Puzey, and featured lead vocals by group member Bernie Nolan. The group recorded a promotional video for the song, which featured youngest sister Coleen, even though she was not an official member of the group at the time and was not featured on the recording. Soon after the release of this song, the group changed their name to The Nolans and Coleen became a full-time member, replacing eldest sister Anne. The song became the second single from the album, following the group's first UK top

"The Nolans"
The Nolans The Nolans are an Irish/British girl group who formed in 1974 as The Nolan Sisters, before changing their name in 1980. They are best known for their hit single ""I'm In the Mood for Dancing"". Released in December 1979, the song reached number three in the UK in February 1980 and topped the Japanese charts in November 1980. Five of the sisters, Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda, and Bernie, became regular guest performers on numerous television shows in the UK in the 1970s and supported Frank Sinatra on his 1975 European tour. Denise left for a solo career in

that country. Dash indicates did not chart in that country. <small>Notes: The Nolans The Nolans are an Irish/British girl group who formed in 1974 as The Nolan Sisters, before changing their name in 1980. They are best known for their hit single ""I'm In the Mood for Dancing"". Released in December 1979, the song reached number three in the UK in February 1980 and topped the Japanese charts in November 1980. Five of the sisters, Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda, and Bernie, became regular guest performers on numerous television shows in the UK in the 1970s and supported Frank Sinatra on

"I'm in the Mood for Love"
I'm in the Mood for Love ""I'm in the Mood for Love"" is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie ""Every Night at Eight"" released that year. It became Langford's signature song. Bob Hope, who frequently worked with Langford entertaining troops in World War II, later wrote that her performance of the song was often a show-stopper. Popular recordings in 1935 were by Frances Langford; Little Jack Little; Louis Armstrong; and Leo Reisman & His Orchestra (vocal by Frank

Luther). The song was in the 1936 ""Our Gang"" (""Little Rascals"") short, ""The Pinch Singer"", when it was performed by Darla Hood and Carl ""Alfalfa"" Switzer (on separate occasions). Switzer also performed the song in the 1936 film ""Palm Springs"". I'm in the Mood for Love ""I'm in the Mood for Love"" is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie ""Every Night at Eight"" released that year. It became Langford's signature song. Bob Hope, who frequently worked with Langford

40 hit, ""Spirit, Body and Soul"" some weeks earlier. After a slow start in the charts, the single became their first top 10 hit in January 1980, eventually peaking at number 3 during a 15-week chart run. The single was certified Gold by the BPI. ""I'm in the Mood for Dancing"" charted well elsewhere, particularly so in Japan, where it reached number 1 - a rarity for English-language songs at the time, and began a run of success for the group there. Released as 「ダンシング・シスター」 (literal romanisation: ""Dancing Sister(s)""), it remained at no. 1 for two weeks and sold 670,000

"Dance to the Music (song)"
Dance to the Music (song) ""Dance to the Music"" is a 1967 hit single by soul/funk/rock band Sly and the Family Stone for the Epic/CBS Records label. It was the first single by the band to reach the ""Billboard"" Pop Singles Top 10, peaking at #8 and the first to popularize the band's sound, which would be emulated throughout the black music industry and dubbed ""psychedelic soul"". It was later ranked #223 on ""Rolling Stone""s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. None of the band members particularly liked ""Dance to the Music"" when it was first recorded

"Adam Mitchell (songwriter)"
Adam Mitchell (songwriter) Adam Mitchell (born 24 November 1944 in Glasgow, Strathclyde, Scotland) is a Canadian-referenced singer-songwriter, most notable for writing ""French Waltz,"" which was a hit for Nicolette Larson; ""Dancing Round and Round,"" which was a hit for Olivia Newton-John; and for his later co-writing work with KISS on the albums Killers, Creatures of the Night, Crazy Nights, and Hot in the Shade. Adam Mitchell was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1944, but moved with his family to Toronto, Canada, at the age of 12. At some point, he was a resident of Bolton, Ontario, a community northwest of

"Richie Rich (comics)"
Lotta in Bonnie Dell. For the Ape Entertainment comic book series debuting in 2011, the character was updated by emphasizing his altruistic side: ""A mix of James Bond and Indiana Jones with the bank account of Donald Trump, Richie Rich is an altruistic adventurer who travels the world helping the less fortunate!"" The new Richie was joined by updated versions of his robot maid Irona and his butler Cadbury. Netflix debuted a 2015 half-hour comedy series titled ""Richie Rich"" with Jake Brennan starring as Richie Rich, along with Joshua Carlon, Jenna Ortega, Lauren Taylor, Kiff VandenHeuvel, and Brooke Wexler. However,

"Mr. Robot"
September 2015, Amazon.com acquired exclusive streaming VOD rights to ""Mr. Robot"" in several countries, with the first season becoming available to stream in June 2016 for U.S. Amazon Prime subscribers. Mr. Robot Mr. Robot is an American drama thriller television series created by Sam Esmail. It stars Rami Malek as Elliot Alderson, a cybersecurity engineer and hacker who has social anxiety disorder and clinical depression. Elliot is recruited by an insurrectionary anarchist known as ""Mr. Robot"", played by Christian Slater, to join a group of hacktivists called ""fsociety"". The group aims to destroy all debt records by encrypting the financial

Mr. Robot Mr. Robot is an American drama thriller television series created by Sam Esmail. It stars Rami Malek as Elliot Alderson, a cybersecurity engineer and hacker who has social anxiety disorder and clinical depression. Elliot is recruited by an insurrectionary anarchist known as ""Mr. Robot"", played by Christian Slater, to join a group of hacktivists called ""fsociety"". The group aims to destroy all debt records by encrypting the financial data of the largest conglomerate in the world, E Corp. The pilot premiered on multiple online and video on demand services on May 27, 2015. The first season premiered on

"Easy to Assemble"
Easy to Assemble Easy to Assemble is a web series created by and starring Illeana Douglas, and sponsored by furniture store IKEA. Douglas plays a fictional version of herself trying to quit acting and work a ""real job"" at the IKEA store in Burbank, California. She soon finds she cannot leave Hollywood behind when fellow actress Justine Bateman starts an internet talk show called ""40 and Bitter"" on the floor of IKEA. The series has had several notable guest stars, including Jeff Goldblum, Keanu Reeves, Jane Lynch, Justine Bateman, Tim Meadows, Cheri Oteri, Tom Arnold, Ed Begley Jr., Kevin Pollak,

"Richie Rich (film)"
Richie Rich (film) Richie Rich (stylized as Ri¢hie Ri¢h) is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and based on Harvey Comics cartoon character of the same name created by Alfred Harvey and Warren Kremer. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label. The film stars Macaulay Culkin, John Larroquette, Edward Herrmann, Jonathan Hyde, and Christine Ebersole while Reggie Jackson, Claudia Schiffer, and Ben Stein appear in cameo roles. Culkin's younger brother, Rory Culkin, played the part of young Richie. While in theaters, the film was shown with a Wile E.

"Eat the Rich (film)"
Eat the Rich (film) Eat the Rich is a 1987 British black comedy film directed by Peter Richardson. A co-production between Channel Four Films, Iron Fist Motion Pictures and Michael White Productions, it features cast members from the popular television series ""The Comic Strip Presents..."". The film stars Al Pillay, and Nosher Powell as the Home Secretary, and includes cameos from a number of well-known figures, including: Miranda Richardson and Nigel Planer as vile DHSS clerks, Robbie Coltrane, Rik Mayall as a union boss, Paul McCartney, Shane MacGowan, Jennifer Saunders, Jimmy Fagg, Kathy Burke, Koo Stark, Dawn French, Bill Wyman,

"Richie Rich (2015 TV series)"
Richie Rich (2015 TV series) Richie Rich is an American sitcom series produced by DreamWorks Animation's AwesomenessTV for Netflix. The show is loosely based upon the Harvey Comics character of the same name, with Jake Brennan playing the eponymous character. However, all of the original characters (except for Richie and Irona) were replaced with a new supporting cast. The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, was released on February 20, 2015. A second season of 11 episodes was released on May 22, 2015. Richie Rich is a boy who turned vegetables into a clean energy source. As a result, Rich

a home video success, with $125 million in VHS rentals. ""Richie Rich's Christmas Wish"" is a 1998 direct-to-video sequel starring David Gallagher in the titular role. Richie Rich (film) Richie Rich (stylized as Ri¢hie Ri¢h) is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and based on Harvey Comics cartoon character of the same name created by Alfred Harvey and Warren Kremer. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label. The film stars Macaulay Culkin, John Larroquette, Edward Herrmann, Jonathan Hyde, and Christine Ebersole while Reggie Jackson, Claudia Schiffer, and Ben Stein

Robotomy
pain, acts sweet and motherly to the students. Megawatt (also voiced by Sinterniklaas) is a spoiled rich kid who is attractive to the female robots, most of whom he blows up; to Thrasher's disdain, he is dating Maimy. Tacklebot (Roger Craig Smith), Megawatt's friend and musclehead jock, acts violent and hostile toward the protagonists. The series was created by Michael Buckley and Joe Deasy and produced by World Leaders Entertainment in New York. It was originally created with the working title ""Horrorbots"". The network had contacted Buckley to create a series three years prior to the broadcast of ""Robotomy"". He

"Robots (2005 film)"
film. In the short, Aunt Fanny gives a tour of the Robot City Train Station to a motley collection of robots, including Fender Pinwheeler, Zinc, Tammy, Hacky, and an Old Lady-Bot. Robots (2005 film) Robots is a 2005 American computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Chris Wedge and produced by Jerry Davis, William Joyce, and John C. Donkin, and stars the voices of Ewan McGregor, Halle Berry, Greg Kinnear, Mel Brooks, Amanda Bynes, Drew Carey, and Robin Williams. Originally developing a film version of Joyce's book ""Santa

"Medical centers in the United States"
a given medical school may be closely associated with multiple tightly linked hospital campuses which function to some degree as a unit though the group may not be referred to as a single medical center (e.g. the Harvard Medical School network of teaching hospitals). There are about 1,100 teaching hospitals in the United States. Approximately 375 of the larger institutions belong to the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems (COTH). COTH teaching hospitals train about 75 percent of residents yearly and provide more than 40 percent of all hospital charity care in the nation.

Kingdom. The Texas Medical Center is the largest medical center in the world with one of the highest densities of clinical facilities for patient care, basic science, and translational research. Located in Houston, the center contains 50 medicine-related institutions, including 21 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, six nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and other health-related practices. All 50 institutions are not-for-profit and constitute some of the most highly regarded institutions in the country, including: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, The Texas Heart Institute, The Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine.

"Health care in the United States"
in private hands, though federal, state, county, and city governments also own certain facilities. As of 2018, there were 5,534 registered hospitals in the United States. There were 4,840 community hospitals, which are defined as nonfederal, short-term general, or specialty hospitals. The non-profit hospitals share of total hospital capacity has remained relatively stable (about 70%) for decades. There are also privately owned for-profit hospitals as well as government hospitals in some locations, mainly owned by county and city governments. The Hill-Burton Act was passed in 1946, which provided federal funding for hospitals in exchange for treating poor patients. There is

the purpose of providing patient care, research, and medical education in an ideal medical setting. One of the largest private medical centers in the world, the Cleveland Clinic saw more than 2,800,000 patient visits in 2005, with almost 70,000 hospital admissions. Patients arrive at the Cleveland Clinic from all 50 states and more than 100 nations. The Cleveland Clinic's approximately 1,700 salaried staff physicians represent 120 medical specialties and subspecialties and is ranked among the top four hospitals in America. The Cleveland Clinic has ranked number one in America for cardiac care for 15 years in a row. University of

(which also owns Brigham and Women's Hospital and North Shore Medical Center among others). MGH is part of the consortium of hospitals which operates Boston MedFlight and is a member of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center. Mass General is also the primary teaching hospital for Harvard Medical School. The hospital has 1,051 beds and admits over 45,000 patients each year. The surgical staff performs over 34,000 operations yearly and hospital handles over 1 million outpatients each year at its main campus, as well as its six satellite facilities in Boston at Back Bay, Charlestown, Chelsea, Everett, Revere, and Waltham. In 2003,

many medical specialties including neurosurgery, urology, endocrinology, pediatrics, cardiac surgery and child psychiatry. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest hospitals in the United States and the world. It has been ranked by ""U.S. News and World Report"" as the best overall hospital in America for 20 consecutive years. The major facilities in Boston's Longwood area are: Massachusetts General Hospital (also known as Mass General or MGH) and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts collectively represent one of the oldest medical education and research centers in the nation. Massachusetts General itself is owned and operated by Partners HealthCare

Medical Center (UPMC) is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is closely affiliated with its academic partner, the University of Pittsburgh, which ranks third in the nation in the number of total NIH-sponsored research awards and fifth for the total dollar amount of NIH-sponsored funding. UPMC is one of the largest medical center systems in the world with more than 35 hospitals, 8,000 licensed beds, and 600 outpatient sites in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York, as well as locations overseas. Appearing on ""US News & World Report's"" honor roll of the top hospitals for over 15 years, it was the site

"Physicians in the United States"
76% were educated in the United States. 65% were male. 79% were licensed in a medical specialty. 22% held active licenses in two or more states. The District of Columbia has, by far, the largest number of physicians as a percentage of the population, with 1,838 per 100,000 people. The term, ""hospitalist"", was introduced in 1996, to describe US specialists in internal medicine who work largely or exclusively in hospitals. Such 'hospitalists' now make up about 19% of all US "" general internists"". There are three agencies or organizations in the United States which collectively oversee physician board certification of

"History of hospitals"
1922 the government issued a national diploma for nursing. In the U.S., the number of hospitals reached 4400 in 1910, when they provided 420,000 beds. These were operated by city, state and federal agencies, by churches, by stand-alone non-profits, and by for-profit enterprises. All the major denominations built hospitals; the 541 Catholic ones (in 1915) were staffed primarily by unpaid nuns. The others sometimes had a small cadre of deaconesses as staff. Non-profit hospitals were supplemented by large public hospitals in major cities and research hospitals often affiliated with a medical school. The largest public hospital system in America is

Hospital
in the world were founded in Vienna, being considered as the birth of specialised medicine. By the late 19th and the beginning 20th century, medical advancements such as anesthesia and sterile techniques that could make surgery less risky, and availability of more advanced diagnostic devices such as X-rays continued to make hospitals a more attractive option for treatment. The number of hospitalizations in the United States continued to grow and reached its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1000 Americans and 6933 hospitals. This trend, however, has been reversed since then, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more

"America's Health Rankings"
as smoking, obesity, binge drinking, high school graduation rates, children in poverty, access to care, and incidence of preventable disease to evaluate the health of a state's population. The report is based on data from the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Commerce, Education and Labor; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the American Medical Association; the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care Project; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the Administration on Aging; the National Center for Health Statistics; the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; National Federation to End Senior Hunger; the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; the

"Rankings of universities in the United States"
universities in terms of annual fundraising. Fundraising ability reflects, among other things, alumni and outside donor's views of the quality of a university, as well as the ability of that university to expend funds on top faculty and facilities. Most recent 2017 rankings put Harvard at the top, ahead of Stanford and Cornell. Notable among universities without medical schools are MIT, Notre Dame, and Berkeley, while UCSF is a research university offering only post-baccalaureate programs in medicine and the health sciences. The Daily Beast's college rankings take into account nine factors, with academics, future earnings, and affordability weighted most heavily.

"University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index"
University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index The University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index is a consumer confidence index published monthly by the University of Michigan. The index is normalized to have a value of 100 in December 1966. Each month at least 500 telephone interviews are conducted of a continental United States sample (Alaska and Hawaii are excluded). Fifty core questions are asked. The consumer confidence measures were devised in the late 1940s by Professor George Katona at the University of Michigan. They have now developed into an ongoing, nationally representative survey based on telephonic household interviews. The Index of

health measures. The 2014 25th anniversary edition of the report used 27 Core Measures and 22 Supplemental Measures to evaluate the health of each state and the nation. America’s Health Rankings Senior Report started in 2013 and used 34 Core Measures as well as five Supplemental Measures. In 2002 United Health Foundation and the American Public Health Association commissioned the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health to do an ongoing review of America’s Health Rankings. The Scientific Advisory Committee, currently led by Anna Schenck, PhD, MSPH, formed as a result and was charged with recommending

Behaviors Community and Environment Policy Clinical Care Outcomes Behaviors Chronic Disease Clinical Care Economic Environment Outcomes The measures that comprise 2015 America's Health Rankings Senior Report are in two subgroups: Core Measures and Supplemental Measures. Core Measures consist of health Determinants (risk factors), and health Outcomes. Determinants are actions that affect the population’s future health, while Outcomes represent what has already occurred through death, disease, or missed days due to illness. There are four groups of Determinants: Behaviors, Community and Environment, Policy, and Clinical Care. The measures in these four groups influence a state’s health Outcomes, and improving the Determinants

Kaiser Family Foundation; Brown University; the American Geriatrics Society; the Commonwealth Fund; and the Trust for America's Health. The overall score for each state is calculated by adding the z scores of each measure multiplied by its percentage of total overall ranking (weight) and the effect (positively or negatively correlated) it has on health. Weights for individual metrics vary from 7.5% to 2.5%. The ranking is the ordering of each state according to value. The measures used in the 2014 America's Health Rankings are in two subgroups: Core Measures and Supplemental Measures. Core Measures consist of health Determinants (risk factors),

teacher and classmates? Does the college have a good academic reputation? What type of campus community is there? How likely am I to graduate, pay off my loans and get a good job? The ranking includes the results of the US Student Survey, which examines a range of key issues including students’ engagement with their studies, their interaction with their teachers and their satisfaction with their experience. The rankings adopt a balanced scorecard approach, with 15 individual performance indicators combining to create an overall score that reflects the broad strength of the institution. Stanford topped the inaugural 2017 ranking, with

"College and university rankings"
data collected (in 2016) from 74,651 scholars and academics and 37,781 recruiters. These two indicators are worth 40 percent and 10 percent of a university's possible score respectively. The QS rankings also incorporate citation per faculty member data from Scopus, faculty/student ratios, and international staff and student numbers. The citations and faculty/student measures are worth 20 percent of an institution's total possible score and the international staff and student data five percent each. QS has published online material about its methodology. QS published the 2016 QS World University Rankings online on 5 September 2016. The rankings also appear in book

billion. The Wall Street Journal and Times Higher Education in late 2016 released their inaugural 2017 ranking of U.S. colleges and universities. It is a ranking of US colleges and universities that puts student success and learning—based on 100,000 current student voices—at its heart. The ranking includes clear performance indicators designed to answer the questions that matter the most to students and their families when making one of the most important decisions of their lives – who to trust with their education: Does the college have sufficient resources to teach me properly? Will I be engaged, and challenged, by my

College Guide rankings of the top 425 U.S. colleges and universities according to their internet brand equity. Top Universities (January 2016): Rank/University (Previous Ranking) Top Colleges (January 2016): Rank/College (Previous Ranking) The UniversityBenchmarks.com academic rankings focus on published public statistics for standardized scores, grade inflation, population, dropout rate, research funding and faculty recognition. These factors are normalized for the university student undergraduate population using standard statistical practices. From this data the difficulty of the curriculum, intelligence, competitiveness, faculty recognition and research prowess are determined. The universities are ranked by these individual categories. The relative overall rank of the student population

"African reference alphabet"
accent ( ` ), circumflex ( ^ ), caron ( ˇ ), macron ( ¯ ), tilde ( ˜ ), trema ( ¨ ), and a superscript dot (˙) and nine punctuation marks ( "" ? ! ( ) « » , ; . "" ). In the French version, the letters were hand-printed in lower case only. Only 56 of the letters in the English version were listed – omitting the hooktop-z – and two further apostrophe-like letters (ʾ and ʿ) were included. Also, five of the letters were written with a subscript dot instead of an underscore as

"Writing systems of Africa"
is used today in Ethiopia and Eritrea for Amharic, Tigrinya, and several other languages. It is sometimes called ""Ethiopic"", and is known in Ethiopia as the ""fidel"" or ""abugida"" (the actual origin of the 21st century linguistic term ""abugida"", which apply to scripts of India). Ge'ez or Ethiopic has been computerized and assigned Unicode 3.0 codepoints between U+1200 and U+137F (decimal 4608–4991), containing the basic syllable signs for Ge'ez, Amharic, and Tigrinya, punctuation and numerals. Nsibidi (also known as ""nsibiri"", ""nchibiddi"", and ""nchibiddy"") is a system of symbols indigenous to what is now southeastern Nigeria that is apparently an ideographic

"Akan names"
rebellions had ""day names"" including Cuffy or Kofi, Cudjoe or Kojo, and Quamina or Kwame/Kwamina. Most Ghanaians have at least one name from this system, even if they also have an English or Christian name. Notable figures with day names include Ghana's first president Kwame Nkrumah and former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan. In the official orthography of the Twi language, the Ashanti versions of these names as spoken in Kumasi are as follows. The diacritics on á a̍ à represent high, mid, and low tone (tone does not need to be marked on every vowel), while the diacritic on

the script is also called Ajami, especially in the Sahel, and sometimes by specific names for individual languages, such as Wolofal, Sorabe, and Wadaad writing. Despite the existence of a widely known and well-established script in Ethiopia, there are a few cases where Muslims in Ethiopia have used the Arabic script, instead, for reasons of religious identity. There are no official standard forms or orthographies, though local usage follows traditional practice for the area or language. There was an effort by ISESCO to standardize Ajami usage. Some critics believe this relied too much on Perso-Arabic script forms and not enough

in Bamako, Mali in 1966. Separate versions of the conference's report were produced in English and French. Different images of the alphabet were used in the two versions, and there are a number of differences between the two. The English version proposed an alphabet of 57 letters, given in both upper and lower-case forms. Eight of these are formed from common Latin letters with the addition of an underline mark (_). Several of the glyphs, mostly upper-case forms, are unusual and cannot (yet) be accurately represented in Unicode. This version also listed eight accents (acute accent ( ´ ), grave

"Languages of Africa"
respect are Berber (North and West Africa), Jula (western West Africa), Fulfulde (West Africa), Hausa (West Africa), Lingala (Congo), Swahili (Southeast Africa), Somali (Horn of Africa) and Arabic (North Africa and Horn of Africa). After gaining independence, many African countries, in the search for national unity, selected one language, generally the former colonial language, to be used in government and education. However, in recent years, African countries have become increasingly supportive of maintaining linguistic diversity. Language policies that are being developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism. Besides the former colonial languages of English, French, Portuguese and Spanish, the following

was made of letter combinations, modifications, and diacritics do represent such sounds. Some resulting orthographies, such as the Yoruba writing system established by the late 19th century, have remained largely intact. In many cases, the colonial regimes had little interest in the writing of African languages, but in others they did. In the case of Hausa in Northern Nigeria, for instance, the colonial government was directly involved in determining the written forms for the language. Since the colonial period, there have been efforts to propose and promulgate standardized or at least harmonized approaches to using the Latin script for African

"Prenasalized consonant"
than actually having an oral release.) No language is believed to contrast the two types of consonant, which are distinguished primarily by a difference in timing (a brief nasal followed by longer stop, as opposed to a longer nasal followed by brief stop). The Bantu languages are famous for their prenasalized stops (the ""nt"" in ""Bantu"" is an example), but similar sounds occur across Africa and around the world. Ghana's politician Kwame Nkrumah had a prenasalized stop in his name, as does the capital of Chad, N'Djamena (African prenasalized stops are often written with apostrophes in Latin script transcription although

"Akan people"
the Northern region, Upper East region and Upper West region of the Gold Coast to form Ghana. Ivory Coast gained independence on 7 August 1960. The Akans consider themselves one nation. Akan means first, foremost, and references the enlightened and Civilized. While traditionally matrilineal; they are also united philosophically through 12 patrilineal spirit groups called the Ntoro or ""egya-bosom."" Within this nation are branches based on many dialects, widest (and possibly the oldest) one used is Twi. Each branch subsequently holds a collection of states and stemming from city-states. The state or ""Aman"" is typically ruled by several kings known

"African Union"
state and government of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa. In result of its geographical location, the African Union has an area of around and includes popular world landmarks, including the Sahara and the Nile. They have adopted a gold, green and red based emblem and flag to represent the continental union, where they held a competition for citizens to design a flag in which they chose a submission to replace the old flag. Their main celebration occurs on Africa Day on 25 May. The primary languages spoken include Arabic, English,

"Immigration Act, 1869"
Immigration Act, 1869 The Immigration Act, 1869 (also written as the Immigration Act of 1869, assented June 22, 1869) was the first immigration act passed by the government of Canada after Canadian Confederation (July 1, 1867). The British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. This process was called Canadian Confederation. Sir John Alexander Macdonald became the first Prime Minister of the new Dominion of Canada. At the time, the Canadian government was concerned about expansionist impulses of Canada's southern neighbor, the United States, and sought to increase

"Immigration Act, 1976"
Immigration Act, 1976 The Immigration Act. 1976, in Canada was insured in 1978 by the Parliament of Canada. It focused on who should be allowed into lot Canada, not on who should be kept out. The act came into force in 1978, along with new immigration regulations. This act gave more power to the provinces to set their own immigration laws and defined ""prohibited classes"" in much broader terms. Individuals who could become a burden on social welfare or health services would now be refused entry, rather than specific categories of people, e.g., those who identified themselves as homosexual, the

to be paid, and how disputes around these could be settled. The money for carrying out the provisions of the Act was to come from money periodically provided by Parliament for the purpose. The money levied would be paid out by the Collector of Customs (who would receive it) to the Receiver General, to form part of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada. Immigration Act, 1869 The Immigration Act, 1869 (also written as the Immigration Act of 1869, assented June 22, 1869) was the first immigration act passed by the government of Canada after Canadian Confederation (July 1, 1867). The

"Immigration to Canada"
became known as Commonwealth realms, were known as ""subjects of the Crown"". However, in legal documents the term ""British subject"" continued to be used and ""Canadians"" were officially British Subjects born or regularly domiciled in Canada. Canada was the first nation in the then British Commonwealth to establish its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946. This took effect on January 1, 1947. In order to be deemed a Canadian citizen on January 1, 1947, one generally had to be a British subject on that date, or had been admitted to Canada as

"History of immigration to Canada"
Because of this, Canadians—and others living in countries that became known as Commonwealth realms—were known as ""subjects of the Crown"". However, in legal documents, the term ""British subject"" continued to be used. Canada was the second nation in the then British Commonwealth to establish its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946. This took effect on January 1, 1947. To acquire Canadian citizenship on 1 January 1947, one generally had to be a British subject on that date, an Indian or Eskimo, or had to have been admitted to Canada as landed immigrants

"Immigration and Refugee Protection Act"
Liberal caucuses and received royal assent in 2008. Immigration and Refugee Protection Act The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, (IRPA) (the ""Act"") is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, passed in 2001, which replaced the ""Immigration Act, 1976"" as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration to Canada. The Act came into force on June 28, 2002. Controversially, the government failed to implement a component of the legislation that would have implemented a Refugee Appeal Division as part of Canada's immigration system. The Act creates a high-level framework detailing the goals and guidelines the Canadian government has set with regards

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, (IRPA) (the ""Act"") is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, passed in 2001, which replaced the ""Immigration Act, 1976"" as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration to Canada. The Act came into force on June 28, 2002. Controversially, the government failed to implement a component of the legislation that would have implemented a Refugee Appeal Division as part of Canada's immigration system. The Act creates a high-level framework detailing the goals and guidelines the Canadian government has set with regards to immigration into Canada by foreign residents. The

"Canadian nationality law"
one Canadian citizen under the rules of ""jus sanguinis"". It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in Canada for a period of time through naturalization. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC, formerly known as Citizenship and Immigration Canada, or CIC) is the department of the federal government responsible for citizenship-related matters, including confirmation, grant, renunciation and revocation of citizenship. On 19 June 2017, the Act has been amended for a fourth time by the 42nd Canadian Parliament. A set of changes has taken effect throughout 2017 and 2018 as a result, mostly with regards to

"History of Canadian nationality law"
Several provisions had retroactive effect to 17 April 2009, in order to correct certain situations that arose from the 2009 amendments, with the remainder coming into effect on August 1, 2014, May 28, 2015 and June 11, 2015. Among the Act's significant changes: On February 25, 2016, as a consequence of the Liberal victory in the 2015 election, a bill was presented to the House of Commons to roll back certain changes brought in by the 2014 amendments. It received Royal assent on June 19, 2017. The Act provides for the following changes: Most provisions took effect upon Royal Assent,

a person's removal wasn't serious, but in some cases it could be severe. The 1976 Immigration Act was replaced by the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in 2002. The enforcement team with the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada was responsible for enforcing the act at border crossings with the United States as well as checkpoints at international airports in Canada. Immigration Act, 1976 The Immigration Act. 1976, in Canada was insured in 1978 by the Parliament of Canada. It focused on who should be allowed into lot Canada, not on who should be kept out. The act came

"Common myna"
Common myna The common myna or Indian myna (""Acridotheres tristis""), sometimes spelled mynah, is a member of the family Sturnidae (starlings and mynas) native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments. The range of the common myna is increasing at such a rapid rate that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it one of the world's most invasive species and one of only three birds in the top 100 species that pose an impact to biodiversity, agriculture and human interests. In particular, the species

""picturesque eyes""; ""peetanetra"" (one with yellow eyes) and ""peetapaad"" (one with yellow legs). Common myna The common myna or Indian myna (""Acridotheres tristis""), sometimes spelled mynah, is a member of the family Sturnidae (starlings and mynas) native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments. The range of the common myna is increasing at such a rapid rate that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it one of the world's most invasive species and one of only three birds in the top 100 species that

Myna
Myna The myna (; mynah) is a bird of the starling family (Sturnidae). This is a group of passerine birds which are native to southern Asia, especially India. Several species have been introduced to areas like North America, Australia, South Africa, Fiji and New Zealand, especially the common myna which is often regarded as an invasive species. It is often known as ""Selarang"" and ""Teck Meng"" in Malay and Chinese respectively in Singapore, due to their high population there. Mynas are not a natural group; instead, the term ""myna"" is used for any starling in the Indian subcontinent, regardless of

Myna
position in the taxonomic list. The following species are often included in the ""Acridotheres"" mynas: Myna The myna (; mynah) is a bird of the starling family (Sturnidae). This is a group of passerine birds which are native to southern Asia, especially India. Several species have been introduced to areas like North America, Australia, South Africa, Fiji and New Zealand, especially the common myna which is often regarded as an invasive species. It is often known as ""Selarang"" and ""Teck Meng"" in Malay and Chinese respectively in Singapore, due to their high population there. Mynas are not a natural group;

its feathers and bobs its head in singing. The common myna screeches warnings to its mate or other birds in cases of predators in proximity or when it is about to take off flying. Common mynas are popular as cage birds for their singing and ""speaking"" abilities. Before sleeping in communal roosts, mynas vocalise in unison, which is known as ""communal noise"". Morphometry. It is a species of bird native to Asia with its initial home range spanning from Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; as well as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Myanmar, to Malaysia, Singapore, peninsular

Myna
their relationships. This range was colonized twice during the evolution of starlings, first by rather ancestral starlings related to the coleto and ""Aplonis"" lineages, and millions of years later by birds related to the common starling and wattled starling's ancestors. These two groups of mynas can be distinguished in the more terrestrial adaptions of the latter, which usually also have less glossy plumage except on the heads and longer tails. The Bali myna which is nearly extinct in the wild is highly distinctive. Some mynas are considered talking birds, for their ability to reproduce sounds, including human speech, when in

"Asian koel"
occasionally take eggs of small birds. They feed on the fruits of ""Cascabela thevetia"" which are known to be toxic to mammals. A number of parasites of the species have been described, including malaria-like protozoa, lice and nematodes. The word ""koel"" is onomatopoeic in origin. The Sanskrit root is ""Kokila"" and the words in various Indian languages are similar. Being familiar birds with loud calls, references to them are common in folklore, myth and poetry. It is traditionally held in high regard for its song and revered in the Manusmriti, an ancient decree protecting them from harm. The Vedas, Sanskrit

"Indian Runner duck"
digest their food. They do not have teeth, so they must have water to soften food. The Indian Runner ducks are domesticated waterfowl that live in the archipelago of the East Indies. There is no evidence that they came originally from India itself. Attempts by British breeders at the beginning of the twentieth century to find examples in the subcontinent had very limited success. Like many other breeds of waterfowl imported into Europe and America, the term 'Indian' may well be fanciful, denoting a loading port or the transport by 'India-men' sailing ships of the East India Company. Other misnamed

"Eurasian teal"
and was duly referenced by Francis Willughby who named the species ""querquedula secunda Aldrovandi"" (""the second teal of Aldrovandus""). John Ray may be credited with formally introducing the name ""common teal"", while Eleazar Albin called it simply ""the teal"". As regards the type locality Linnaeus simply remarked that it inhabits freshwater ecosystems in Europe. The scientific name is from Latin ""Anas"", ""duck"" and ""kricka"", the Swedish name for this species. The specific name of Linnaeus is onomatopoetic, referring to the male's characteristic call which was already discussed by Linnaeus' sources. The scientific name of the Eurasian teal—unchanged since Linnaeus' time—

Moa-nalo
of some scientists, the moa-nalo were not related to the large geese (Anserinae), such as the surviving nēnē, but instead to the dabbling ducks of the genus ""Anas"", which includes the mallard. The present DNA analysis' resolution is not high enough to determine their relationships to different species of ""Anas"", but biogeography strongly suggests that their closest living relative is the widespread Pacific black duck. The unusual shape and size of the moa-nalo can be attributed to their role in the ecology of prehistoric Hawaii. A study of coprolites (fossil dung) of ""Thambetochen chauliodous"" found in Puu Naio Cave on

"Jonathan Cheban"
Jonathan Cheban Jonathan Cheban (born February 21, 1974) is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and former publicist. He is noted for his recurring role on the show ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" and its spinoffs. Cheban was born in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union in 1974, the only child of a real-estate agent mother and a diamond-dealer father who died in 2011. He grew up in Fort Lee, New Jersey and attended Fort Lee High School before graduating from Hofstra University with a communications degree in 1995. Cheban is of Russian Jewish background. After graduation, Cheban began working for

It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner (previously known as Bruce Jenner), and brother Rob Kardashian. The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show, including Kourtney's ex-boyfriend Scott Disick, Kim's ex-husband Kris Humphries, and current husband Kanye West, Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom, ex-boyfriend French Montana, and current fiance Tristan Thompson. Caitlyn's son Brody Jenner made appearances in the early seasons, before appearing regularly between the 8th and 11th seasons, along with brother Brandon and Brandon's wife Leah. Kim's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khloé's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show.

"Rob Kardashian"
Rob Kardashian Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"", a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's ""Dancing with the Stars"", during which he placed second. Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace and

"Kris Jenner"
Kris Jenner Kristen Mary Jenner (née Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American television personality, entertainment manager, producer, businesswoman, and author. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series, ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" (2007–present). She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie. Jenner was born in San Diego, California. She is the first child of Mary Jo Shannon (née Campbell; born 1934)

the show since the first season, as well as on the show's spin-offs. Cast members also include numerous friends and other acquaintances of the family members, most notably Malika Haqq and Jonathan Cheban who joined ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" in the second and third seasons, respectively. Most of the Kardashian sisters' significant others have appeared on the reality series. Kim's relationship with football player Reggie Bush was featured on the show when they were dating; after the breakup, Bush commented on appearing on the show saying that he never felt comfortable being followed by cameras, adding: ""I do it

week. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her first marriage to deceased attorney Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob. Kris' children Kendall and Kylie from her subsequent marriage to American athlete Caitlyn (formerly Bruce) Jenner have also been featured on the show since its beginning, along with Jenner's son Brody from another marriage, although he appeared very few times during the early seasons, mostly being called by his step-brother Rob to babysit their half-sisters Kylie and Kendall. Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick has also been appearing frequently on

allegedly set up to be portrayed on the show in a negative way and that the short-lived marriage was staged for the cameras as a ploy to generate money. Khloé married basketball player Lamar Odom during a fourth-season premiere aired in 2009. He later had a major role as part of the supporting cast of the series, though he did not appear regularly during the following seasons as he was attempting to repair his marriage with Khloé. Kim's current husband Kanye West made his first appearance on ""Keeping Up with the Kardashians"" in July 2012 during the seventh season when

"Catch Me If You Can"
the kind of movie where somebody could say, 'I have a career plan. Game Show Network aired the 1977 episode of the television game show ""To Tell the Truth"" that featured Frank Abagnale. Segments were shown on December 29, 2002 and January 1, 2003 as promotion. The marketing department was careful to market the film as ""inspired by a true story"" in order to avoid controversy similar to that surrounding ""A Beautiful Mind"" (2001) and ""The Hurricane"" (1999), both of which deviated from history. The premiere took place at Westwood, Los Angeles, California on December 18, 2002. ""Catch Me If

eventually turned to him for help in catching other check forgers. Development for the film started in 1980, but did not progress until 1997, when Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the film rights to Abagnale's book. David Fincher, Gore Verbinski, Lasse Hallström, Miloš Forman, and Cameron Crowe had all been possible candidates for director before Spielberg decided to direct. Filming took place from February to May 2002. The film was a financial and critical success. In 1963, teenager Frank Abagnale lives in New Rochelle, New York with his father Frank Abagnale, Sr., and French mother Paula. When Frank Sr. is denied a

at the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Quebec City was chosen for its European character and French feel. Place Royale, within Old Quebec, stands for Montrichard—the church in the background of the arrest scene is Notre-Dame-des-Victoires. Filming ended on May 12 in Montreal. The film's soundtrack was released on December 10, 2002 by DreamWorks Records. The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams. Despite the various changes from real-life events, Abagnale believed Spielberg was the only filmmaker who ""could do this film justice"". However, Abagnale had little involvement with the film. In November 2001

"Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)"
Catch Me If You Can (1989 film) Catch Me If You Can is a 1989 American motion picture starring Matt Lattanzi, Loryn Locklin, Grant Heslov, Geoffrey Lewis and M. Emmet Walsh. The film was the directorial debut of writer and director Stephen Sommers, with a soundtrack by Tangerine Dream. The movie follows the antics of high school students and their adventure in saving their school from being closed. Class president Melissa (Loryn Locklin) has started raising money through donations to keep the school open, but when the fundraising begins to slow down, Dylan (Matt Lattanzi) convinces Melissa that he can

Catch Me If You Can Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen, and Nathalie Baye in supporting roles. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor, and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His primary crime was check fraud; he became so experienced that the FBI

Sommers grew up), and at Cathedral High School and Apollo High School, which Sommers attended. It was funded independently and had a budget of $800,000. The film was Sommers's directorial debut and was written by him. When production finished, the studio that had promised to distribute the movie had gone out of business, and it was eventually released by MCA Inc. in July 1989. The movie did not fare well at the box office, grossing only $3686 in its domestic run, but it made $7 million overseas. The movie featured local residents cast as extras in the production and many

world's most elusive money forgers, and earns millions of dollars each year because of his work creating unforgeable checks. Brian Howe, Frank John Hughes and Chris Ellis portray FBI agents. Jennifer Garner cameos as a call girl. Ellen Pompeo, Elizabeth Banks, and Kaitlin Doubleday have supporting roles. The real Frank Abagnale appears in a cameo as a French police officer arresting his character. Frank Abagnale sold the film rights to his autobiography in 1980. According to Abagnale, producers Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin purchased the film rights after seeing him on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Two years later

New York"". Lasse Hallström was in negotiations to direct by May 2001, but dropped out in July 2001. At this stage Harris and Sevigny left the film, but Gandolfini was still attached. Spielberg, co-founder of DreamWorks, offered the job of director to Miloš Forman, and considered hiring Cameron Crowe. During this negotiation period, Spielberg began to consider directing the film himself, eventually dropping projects such as ""Big Fish"" and ""Memoirs of a Geisha"". Spielberg officially committed to directing in August 2001. The search for Strong's portrayer lasted months but Amy Adams was eventually cast. Spielberg ""loved"" her tape and producer

"Catch Us If You Can"
Catch Us If You Can ""Catch Us If You Can"" is a 1965 song from The Dave Clark Five (DC5), written by group's drummer Dave Clark and guitarist Lenny Davidson. The song was one of DC5's top hits, reaching number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in the late summer of 1965 and number 4 on the U.S. pop singles chart, later that fall. Starting with guitar and finger snapping accompaniment, the hook was instantaneous: As such, it served as the title song to John Boorman's well-regarded DC5 vehicle and pop scene film ""Catch Us If You Can"" (retitled ""Having

purchased the film rights from Shane, bringing the project to DreamWorks, with Jeff Nathanson writing the script. By April 2000, David Fincher was attached to direct over the course of a few months, but dropped out in favor of ""Panic Room"". In July 2000, Leonardo DiCaprio had entered discussions to star, with Gore Verbinski to direct. Steven Spielberg signed on as producer, and filming was set to begin in March 2001. Verbinski cast James Gandolfini as Carl Hanratty, Ed Harris as Frank Abagnale, Sr., and Chloë Sevigny as Brenda Strong. Verbinski dropped out because of DiCaprio's commitment on ""Gangs of

"Jean Fernel"
His early understanding of physiology, especially of the brain, was represented by three statements commonly quoted in physiological history: His medical works included ""De naturali parte medicinae"" (1542), ""De vacuandi ratione"" (1545), ""De abditis rerum causis"" (1548) which included a chapter on angelology and demonology. What has been called his ""crowning work"", ""Universa Medicina"", comprises three parts: the ""Physiologia"" (developed from the ""De naturali parte""), the ""Pathologia"", and the ""Therapeutice"". Jean Fernel Jean François Fernel (in Latin, Fernelius) (1497 – 26 April 1558) was a French physician who introduced the term ""physiology"" to describe the study of the body's function.

Physiology
nutrition and growth. Galen was also the founder of experimental physiology. And for the next 1,400 years, Galenic physiology was a powerful and influential tool in medicine. Jean Fernel (1497–1558), a French physician, introduced the term ""physiology"". Galen, Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, Realdo Colombo, Amato Lusitano and William Harvey, are credited as making important discoveries in the circulation of the blood. Santorio Santorio in 1610s was the first to use a device to measure the pulse rate (the ""pulsilogium""), and a thermoscope to measure temperature. In 1791 Luigi Galvani described the role of electricity in nerves of dissected frogs. In

able to freely exchange genes through conjugation, transformation and transduction, even between widely divergent species. The study of human physiology as a medical field originates in classical Greece, at the time of Hippocrates (late 5th century BC). Outside of Western tradition, early forms of physiology or anatomy can be reconstructed as having been present at around the same time in China, India and elsewhere. Hippocrates incorporated his belief system called the theory of humours, which consisted of four basic substance: earth, water, air and fire. Each substance is known for having a corresponding humour: black bile, phlegm, blood and yellow

bile, respectively. Hippocrates also noted some emotional connections to the four humours, which Claudius Galenus would later expand on. The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece. Like Hippocrates, Aristotle took to the humoral theory of disease, which also consisted of four primary qualities in life: hot, cold, wet and dry. Claudius Galenus (c. ~130–200 AD), known as Galen of Pergamum, was the first to use experiments to probe the functions of the body. Unlike Hippocrates, Galen argued that humoral imbalances can be located in

things as if they were machines created by the industry of man."" Inspired in the work of Adam Smith, Milne-Edwards wrote that the ""body of all living beings, whether animal or plant, resembles a factory ... where the organs, comparable to workers, work incessantly to produce the phenomena that constitute the life of the individual."" In more differentiated organisms, the functional labor could be apportioned between different instruments or systems (called by him as ""appareils""). In 1858, Joseph Lister studied the cause of blood coagulation and inflammation that resulted after previous injuries and surgical wounds. He later discovered and implemented

"Herman Boerhaave"
and opened doors of novel reasoning leading up to the medical enlightenment germane to iatrochemistry. Herman Boerhaave Herman Boerhaave (, 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738) was a Dutch botanist, chemist, Christian humanist, and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as ""the father of physiology,"" along with Venetian physician Santorio Santorio (1561–1636). Boerhaave introduced the quantitative approach into medicine, along with his pupil Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777) and is best known for demonstrating the relation of symptoms to lesions. He was

application of physiology. Nineteenth century physiologists such as Michael Foster, Max Verworn, and Alfred Binet, based on Haeckel's ideas, elaborated what came to be called ""general physiology"", a unified science of life based on the cell actions, later renamed in the 20th century as cell biology. In the 20th century, biologists became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline. In 1920, August Krogh won the Nobel Prize for discovering

the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells. Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of ""milieu interieur"" (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as ""homeostasis"" by American physiologist Walter B. Cannon in 1929. By homeostasis, Cannon meant ""the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiological processes through which they are regulated."" In other words, the body's ability to regulate its internal environment. William Beaumont was the first American to utilize the practical

1811, Julien Jean César Legallois studied respiration in animal dissection and lesions and found the center of respiration in the medulla oblongata. In the same year, Charles Bell finished work on what would later become known as the Bell-Magendie law, which compared functional differences between dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord. In 1824, François Magendie described the sensory roots and produced the first evidence of the cerebellum’s role in equilibration to complete the Bell-Magendie law. In the 1820s, the French physiologist Henri Milne-Edwards introduced the notion of physiological division of labor, which allowed to ""compare and study living

"History of biology"
Arabic and many of the works of Aristotle were preserved. During the High Middle Ages, a few European scholars such as Hildegard of Bingen, Albertus Magnus and Frederick II wrote on natural history. The rise of European universities, though important for the development of physics and philosophy, had little impact on biological scholarship. The European Renaissance brought expanded interest in both empirical natural history and physiology. In 1543, Andreas Vesalius inaugurated the modern era of Western medicine with his seminal human anatomy treatise ""De humani corporis fabrica"", which was based on dissection of corpses. Vesalius was the first in a

"Mexican Train"
Mexican Train Mexican Train is a game played with number dominoes. The object of the game is for a player to play all the dominoes from his or her hand onto one or more chains, or ""trains"", emanating from a central hub or ""station"". The game's most popular name comes from a special optional train that belongs to all players. However, the game can be played without the Mexican Train; such variants are generally called ""Private Trains"" or ""Domino Trains"". It is related to the game Chicken Foot. A double-twelve set of dominoes is marketed as the standard for Mexican

player to place all of their dominoes. Dominoes may be placed onto the player's train, onto the Mexican train if available, or on the trains of other players under special circumstances. The middle tile counts as the start of a player's multiple tile train. At the start of each round, the dominoes are placed face side down, shuffled, and drawn by players to form their hands. Using the double-nine set, players draw dominoes as follows: Any remaining dominoes are placed to one side, forming the ""boneyard"". With a standard double-twelve set the double twelve is placed in the station. In

Train, and accommodates up to 8 players. Other sets are commonly used as well. The following alternate sets are common, depending on the number of people playing: In addition to dominoes, the game also requires: Many sets of dominoes include a station and special train-shaped tokens for markers, and packaged games with a central ""station"" and custom tokens are available. However, the station piece is not strictly needed, and anything from coins to poker chips to even pieces of candy or slips of paper can be used as markers. The object of all Trains games is to be the first

all other players receive the sum of all pips (dots) on their dominoes. The person with the fewest points after all thirteen rounds have been played is the winner. In the case of a tie, the person with the most 0-point rounds is the winner. (If this is still a tie, the person with the lowest round total other than 0 is the winner). With four, six or eight players, the game can be played in teams of two, with partners sitting opposite each other. Rules are identical except that a player's train and their partner's train are considered one

is an additional train that anyone may play on during their turn. They can start the train by playing a domino matching the engine (i.e. the double played at the beginning of the round) or add to the train. Mexican trains can be added as long as a space remains. When a double is played, it is placed perpendicular to the train. Subsequently, adding a domino to the double is called ""finishing"", ""satisfying the double"" or ""covering the double."" The player who played the double must take another turn. This additional turn follows exactly the same rules as any normal

tile per train may be played (unless a double must be finished). Once a player cannot play on the next public train, or has looped around to their own train, their turn ends. While playing on each public train, the player may choose to play on the Mexican train or skip it when he comes to it, making the placement of the train somewhat strategical. This version makes for a much faster game. Mexican Train Mexican Train is a game played with number dominoes. The object of the game is for a player to play all the dominoes from his

turn. They may play anywhere they like, and do not have to ""finish the double"" on this turn. They may play elsewhere and, provided they make a legal play, do not have to mark their train for not finishing the double (unless the double was played on their own train). Blanks are wild. Like any other turn, if they cannot play they must draw a domino and mark their train as ""public"". If a double remains unfinished after it has been played, the train becomes a ""public"" train. No other train can be added to by any player until someone

a player draws a domino and is unable to play it, they must mark their train as ""public"" by placing a marker on their train. If a player is deemed to have made a strategic error the highest score of that round is added to theirs. Players have the option, whether they can play on their own train or not, of playing a domino on any train currently marked ""public."" When a player with a ""public"" train adds a domino to it, it becomes ""private"" again and may not be played on except by the train's owner. The Mexican Train

or the number of tiles that can be played during one turn. For example: Fast Game variation: After the starting double has been placed, turns are ignored, and each player focuses on making their own train as long as possible. Once everyone has made as long of a train as they can, play reverts to turns, using the rules listed above. This speeds up the game, but eliminates some of the strategies of playing doubles. Delayed First Turn variation: Similar to the Fast Game variation listed above, instead of simultaneously, each person takes turns playing as many dominoes on their

A train can be as long as the players can make it; it only ends when all dominoes that could match its endpoint have already been played. As a result, trains can become quite long, especially with an extended domino set. It is acceptable to ""bend"" the train 90° or 180° to keep the train on the playing surface, as long as it does not interfere with the endpoints of other trains. All trains begin the game as ""public,"" and all players may play on them. When a player plays a domino on their train it then becomes ""private."" When

"Java class file"
literal constant values are stored. This includes values such as numbers of all sorts, strings, identifier names, references to classes and methods, and type descriptors. All indexes, or references, to specific constants in the constant pool table are given by 16-bit (type u2) numbers, where index value 1 refers to the first constant in the table (index value 0 is invalid). Due to historic choices made during the file format development, the number of constants in the constant pool table is not actually the same as the constant pool count which precedes the table. First, the table is indexed starting

hex) instead of the standard single-byte encoding codice_3. The second difference is that supplementary characters (those outside the BMP at U+10000 and above) are encoded using a surrogate-pair construction similar to UTF-16 rather than being directly encoded using UTF-8. In this case each of the two surrogates is encoded separately in UTF-8. For example, U+1D11E is encoded as the 6-byte sequence codice_4, rather than the correct 4-byte UTF-8 encoding of codice_5. Java class file A Java class file is a file (with the .class filename extension) containing Java bytecode that can be executed on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A

"Java (programming language)"
may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy. The class hierarchy is related to the name of the directory in which the .java file is located. This is called an access level modifier. Other access level modifiers include the keywords codice_12 and codice_13. The keyword codice_14 in front of a method indicates a static method, which is associated only with the class and not with any specific instance of that class. Only static methods can be invoked without a reference to an object. Static methods cannot access any class members that are not also static. Methods that are not

"Java Naming and Directory Interface"
most common way to name an object. A name is bound to an object in the directory by storing either the object or a reference to the object in the directory service identified by the name. The JNDI API defines a context that specifies where to look for an object. The initial context is typically used as a starting point. In the simplest case, an initial context must be created using the specific implementation and extra parameters required by the implementation. The initial context will be used to look up a name. The initial context is analogous to the root

long. Other integral types appearing in the high-level language, such as boolean, byte, and short must be represented as an integer constant. Class names in Java, when fully qualified, are traditionally dot-separated, such as ""java.lang.Object"". However within the low-level Class reference constants, an internal form appears which uses slashes instead, such as ""java/lang/Object"". The Unicode strings, despite the moniker ""UTF-8 string"", are not actually encoded according to the Unicode standard, although it is similar. There are two differences (see UTF-8 for a complete discussion). The first is that the code point U+0000 is encoded as the two-byte sequence codice_2 (in

at 1 (rather than 0), but the count should actually be interpreted as the maximum index plus one. Additionally, two types of constants (longs and doubles) take up two consecutive slots in the table, although the second such slot is a phantom index that is never directly used. The type of each item (constant) in the constant pool is identified by an initial byte ""tag"". The number of bytes following this tag and their interpretation are then dependent upon the tag value. The valid constant types and their tag values are: There are only two integral constant types, integer and

and name the source file with that public class name. A codice_9 that is not declared codice_10 may be stored in any .java file. The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with "".class"" appended. For class file generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name were the concatenation of the name of their enclosing class, a ""$"", and an integer. The keyword codice_10 denotes that a method can be called from code in other classes, or that a class

developers to access documentation within the IDE. The traditional ""Hello, world!"" program can be written in Java as: Source files must be named after the public class they contain, appending the suffix codice_6, for example, codice_7. It must first be compiled into bytecode, using a Java compiler, producing a file named codice_8. Only then can it be executed, or ""launched"". The Java source file may only contain one public class, but it can contain multiple classes with other than public access modifier and any number of public inner classes. When the source file contains multiple classes, make one class ""public""

"Java package"
subclasses of the declaring class. JAR files are created with the jar command-line utility. The command compresses all .class files into the JAR file ""myPackage.jar"". The 'c' option on the command line tells the jar command to ""create new archive."" The ' f ' option tells it to create a file. The file's name comes next before the contents of the JAR file. Packages are usually defined using a hierarchical naming pattern, with some levels in the hierarchy separated by periods (codice_11, pronounced ""dot""). Although packages lower in the naming hierarchy are often referred to as ""subpackages"" of the corresponding

specific application or perform a specific set of tasks. Programmers also typically use packages to organize classes belonging to the same category or providing similar functionality. In a Java source file, the package that this file's class or classes belong to is specified with the codice_1 keyword. This keyword is usually the first keyword in the source file. At most one package declaration can appear in a source file. To use a package's classes inside a Java source file, it is convenient to import the classes from the package with an codice_2 declaration. The following declaration imports all classes from

complex of buildings and gardens that extends over and includes subsidiary tombs, waterworks infrastructure, the small town of 'Taj Ganji' to the south and a 'moonlight garden' to the north of the river. Construction of Taj Mahal began in 1632 AD, (1041 AH), on the south bank of the River Yamuna in Agra, and was substantially complete by 1648 AD (1058 AH). The design was conceived as an earthly replica of the house of Mumtaz Mahal in paradise. In 1607 (AH 1025) the Mughal Prince Khurrum (later to become Shah Jahan) was betrothed to Arjumand Banu Begum, the grand daughter

"Taj Mahal"
mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees (U.S. $827 million). The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being

Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; , meaning ""Crown of the Palaces"") is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan, the builder. The tomb is the centerpiece of a complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall. Construction of the

dates due to differing opinions on ""completion"". Construction of the mausoleum itself was essentially completed by 1643 while work continued on the outlying buildings continued for years. Estimates of the cost of construction vary due to difficulties in estimating costs across time. The total cost at the time has been estimated to be about 32 million Indian rupees, which is around 52.8 billion Indian rupees ($827 million US) based on 2015 values. Abdul Hamid Lahauri in his book ""Badshahnama"" refers to Taj Mahal as ""rauza-i munawwara"", meaning the illumined or illustrious tomb. Soon after the Taj Mahal's completion, Shah Jahan

the basis for subsequent theories and controversies. Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; , meaning ""Crown of the Palaces"") is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan, the builder. The tomb is the centerpiece of a complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides

on the night of the twenty-sixth of the month of Rajab, in the year 1076 Hijri."" The complex is set around a large square ""charbagh"" or Mughal garden. The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four quarters of the garden into 16 sunken parterres or flowerbeds. Halfway between the tomb and gateway in the centre of the garden is a raised marble water tank with a reflecting pool positioned on a north-south axis to reflect the image of the mausoleum. The raised marble water tank is called ""al Hawd al-Kawthar"" in reference to the ""Tank of Abundance""

to others built by Shah Jahan, particularly the ""Masjid-i Jahān-Numā"", or Jama Masjid, Delhi. The Mughal mosques of this period divide the sanctuary hall into three areas comprising a main sanctuary and slightly smaller sanctuaries on either side. At the Taj Mahal, each sanctuary opens onto an expansive vaulting dome. The outlying buildings were completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal is built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra. Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in the centre of Agra in exchange for the land. An area of roughly

""the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage"". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative. The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess who died giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. Construction started in 1632,

burial of that one who dwells in paradise""."" In January 1632 AD (1041 AH), Mumtaz's body was moved with great ceremony from Burhanpur to Agra while food, drink and coins were distributed amongst the poor and deserving along the way. Work had already begun on the foundations of the river terrace when the body arrived. A small domed building was erected over her body, thought to have been sited, and now marked, by an enclosure in the western garden near the riverfront terrace. The foundations represented the biggest technical challenge to be overcome by the Mughal builders. In order to

and the mausoleum was completed in 1643, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later. The imperial court documenting Shah Jahan's grief after the death of Mumtaz Mahal illustrates the love story held as the inspiration for the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal incorporates and expands on design traditions of Persian and earlier Mughal architecture. Specific inspiration came from successful Timurid and Mughal buildings including the Gur-e Amir (the tomb of Timur, progenitor of the Mughal dynasty, in Samarkand), Humayun's Tomb, Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb (sometimes called the ""Baby Taj""), and Shah Jahan's own Jama Masjid in Delhi. While

"David Makhura"
Public Policy and Management from the University of London, and is studying towards a Masters of Philosophy (MPhil) in Futures Studies (energy futures) at the University of Stellenbosch. David Makhura Manemolla David Makhura (born 22 February 1968) is a South African politician and the current Premier of Gauteng following his appointment in 2014. Makhura is a member of the African National Congress (ANC). Makhura is also the trustee of the Board of the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation. Makhura was born on 22 February 1968 at Mara Buysdorp in Soutpansberg District of Limpopo. Between 1984 and 2004 Makhura was involved in student

"Job Mokgoro"
Job Mokgoro Tebogo Mokgoro (born 1948), known as Job Mokgoro, is a South African politician who serves as the current 6th Premier of the North West and member of the North West Provincial Legislature. Mokgoro was announced on 21 June 2018 by the ANC Secretary-General, Ace Magashule, as the incoming premier of the North West, after the African National Congress's national working committee (NWC) selected him. He fills the position after the former premier, Supra Mahumapelo, stepped down in May, following violent protests calling for him to step down as premier or be recalled by the African National Congress. He

General of the South African Management Development Institute and taught at the Wits University School of Governance. His most recent position was principal of the National School of Governance. He is married to Yvonne Mokgoro, a former Constitutional Court judge who served from 1994 until 2009. Job Mokgoro Tebogo Mokgoro (born 1948), known as Job Mokgoro, is a South African politician who serves as the current 6th Premier of the North West and member of the North West Provincial Legislature. Mokgoro was announced on 21 June 2018 by the ANC Secretary-General, Ace Magashule, as the incoming premier of the North

David Makhura Manemolla David Makhura (born 22 February 1968) is a South African politician and the current Premier of Gauteng following his appointment in 2014. Makhura is a member of the African National Congress (ANC). Makhura is also the trustee of the Board of the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation. Makhura was born on 22 February 1968 at Mara Buysdorp in Soutpansberg District of Limpopo. Between 1984 and 2004 Makhura was involved in student and youth politics in the Azanian Student Movement, the Congress of South Afrrican Students (COSAS), and the South African Youth Congrss, where he served various leadership positions. As

"Government of the Northern Cape"
appoints Members of the Executive Council (MECs) to oversee the various departments of the provincial government. The Director-General is the non-political head of the provincial administration, while each department is led by a Head of Department. The current Premier is Sylvia Lucas of the African National Congress. Besides the Premier, the Executive Council consists of ten MECs overseeing eleven departments. South Africa has a single national judiciary; there is no separate system of provincial courts. The Northern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa in Kimberley has jurisdiction over all cases arising in the province, but generally handles

"Northern Cape"
premier of the Northern Cape as of 2013 was Sylvia Lucas of the African National Congress. The politics of the Northern Cape are dominated by the African National Congress (ANC), but their position has not been as strong as in many other Provinces of South Africa|provinces of South Africa. Initially, no party had an absolute majority. In 1994 the ANC's Manne Dipico became the first Premier of the Northern Cape after Ethne Papenfus, the sole elected representative of the Democratic Party (South Africa)|Democratic Party (DP), voted with the ANC. In return, she was elected speaker of the legislature. The ANC

"Northern Cape Provincial Legislature"
accordance with lists submitted by the parties before the election. The legislature is elected for a term of five years, unless it is dissolved early. This may occur if the legislature votes to dissolve and it is at least three years since the last election, or if the Premiership falls vacant and the legislature fails to elect a new Premier within ninety days. By convention all nine provincial legislatures and the National Assembly are elected on the same day. The most recent election was held on 7 May 2014. The following table summarises the results. The following table shows the

"Chris Sununu"
Chris Sununu Christopher T. Sununu (; born November 5, 1974) is an American Republican politician, businessman, and engineer serving as the 82nd and current Governor of New Hampshire since January 2017. Sununu was previously a member of the New Hampshire Executive Council, an office he held from 2011 to 2017. At age , he is currently the youngest state governor in the United States. Sununu was born in Salem, New Hampshire. He also serves as chief executive officer of the Waterville Valley Ski Resort in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire. He earned a bachelor's degree in civil and environmental engineering from

"Vincent Mhlanga"
Vincent Mhlanga Vincent Mhlanga is a Swazi politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from September to October 2018. With a PhD in Finance, Mhlanga was a managing director at FINCORP, SIDC, and served on numerous boards. Most recently, Mhlanga was a managing director at the King’s Office. On September 4, 2018, Prime Minister Barnabas Dlamini and his 18 cabinet ministers were relieved of their duties, in an announcement made by Attorney General Sifiso Khumalo on September 6. Mhlanga was named Acting Prime Minister and commenced his duties on September 7, and served until national elections scheduled for

"Kedrick Pickering"
Kedrick Pickering Dr. Kedrick Pickering (born 8 April 1958) is the current Deputy Premier of the Virgin Islands, also known as the British Virgin Islands. He also serves as the territory's Minister of Natural Resources and Labour. He is a member of the House of Assembly of the Virgin Islands and of the National Democratic Party. Pickering has been described in the British media as ""pro-independence"". Pickering was born in Tortola. He grew up in Long Look, East End, Tortola where he still lives today. His father was born in Cuba but was an orphan and was adopted by Virgin

"New York Rangers"
Glen Sather resigned as the general manager, with Jeff Gorton taking his place to become the 11th general manager in team history. On July 2, 2015, Martin St. Louis announced his retirement. The team then signed Emerson Etem, and re-signed Oscar Lindberg, Jesper Fast, J. T. Miller, and Derek Stepan. The Rangers started off the 2015–16 season well. After 18 games, they had a 14–2–2 record and a nine-game winning streak, which was eventually halted by Tampa Bay. However, the organization soon went downhill in the winter, losing three-straight games against the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers. They

draft picks. With the team missing the playoffs for the first time since 2010, finishing under .500 for the first time since 2004 and placing last in the Metropolitan Division, head coach Vigneault was fired after the conclusion of the season. On May 23, David Quinn was hired as the team's new head coach. During the off-season, the Rangers re-signed Namestnikov to a two-year deal at the deadline for the free agency on July 1, 2018, and they also signed Fredrik Claesson to a one-year deal the same day. Hayes, Vesey, Brady Skjei, and Spooner all had filed for salary

of the sudden death of 2007 first-round pick Alexei Cherepanov, which occurred during a KHL game in Russia on October 13, 2008. A disappointing second half of the season followed. After the Rangers went 2-7-3 in their previous 12 games, on February 23, 2009 coach Tom Renney was fired, with 2004 Stanley Cup and Jack Adams Award winner John Tortorella named as his replacement. The Rangers made the 2009 playoffs, but lost their opening round series to the Washington Capitals four games to three after winning the first two games in Washington and having a 3–1 series lead after Game

season-by-season history, see List of New York Rangers seasons."" ""Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime/Shootout Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against"" The current general manager is Jeff Gorton, who was named on July 1, 2015. The current head coach is David Quinn, who was named on May 23, 2018. The following lists the league awards which have been won by the Rangers team and its players and alumni: Stanley Cup Victoria Cup Presidents' Trophy Prince of Wales Trophy O'Brien Cup Bill Masterton Memorial

on April 3, the Rangers then traded Marian Gaborik, Steven Delisle, and Blake Parlett to Columbus for Derick Brassard, Derek Dorsett, John Moore, and a 2014 sixth-round draft pick. After the Rangers were eliminated from the second round of the playoffs by Boston, management fired head coach John Tortorella, and on June 21, 2013, general manager Glen Sather formally introduced ex-Canucks head coach Alain Vigneault as Tortorella's replacement, becoming the 35th head coach in franchise history. On March 5, 2014, the Rangers traded their captain Ryan Callahan, a first-round draft pick in 2015, a conditional second-round pick in 2014 (which

Game 5 in Los Angeles. They had another lead in Game 5, but after the game was tied and subsequently sent to overtime, Kings defenseman Alec Martinez scored with 5:17 left in the second overtime period to win the game for Los Angeles, 3–2, as well as the Stanley Cup. On June 20, 2014, a week after their season ended, the Rangers bought-out the remaining six years of Brad Richards' contract in order to free up salary cap space. This move left Marc Staal and Dan Girardi as the team's remaining alternate captains. On October 6, 2014, defenseman Ryan McDonagh

was named the Rangers' 27th captain in team history, with Derek Stepan, Dan Girardi, Marc Staal and Martin St. Louis serving as alternates. In the 2014-15 season the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy for the third time in franchise history and their seventh division title by finishing with the best record in the NHL at 53–22–7. The 53 wins and 113 points both set franchise records. The division title was the Rangers' first in the Metropolitan Division, which was created during the NHL's realignment in the 2013 off-season. The team won 28 road games in the regular season, breaking the

Islanders on March 29, 2006. The assist gave him 110 points on the season, breaking Jean Ratelle's record. Less than two weeks later, on April 8, Jagr scored his 53rd goal of the season against the Boston Bruins, breaking the club record previously held by Adam Graves. Two games prior, on April 4, the Rangers defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 3–2, in a shootout, to clinch a playoff spot for the first time since the 1996–97 season. On April 18, the Rangers lost to the Ottawa Senators 5–1, and, due to wins by Division rivals New Jersey and Philadelphia, the Rangers

the conference finals, they faced the New Jersey Devils, a major divisional rival. After leading the series 2-1, the Rangers lost 3 games in a row, losing Game 6 in New Jersey with a goal by Devils forward Adam Henrique at 1:03 in overtime, giving the Devils a 4–2 series win and ending the Rangers' season. On July 23, 2012 the Rangers traded Brandon Dubinsky, Artem Anisimov, Tim Erixon and a 2013 first-round draft pick to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for All-Star Rick Nash, Steven Delisle, and a 2013 conditional third-round pick. At the 2013 NHL trade deadline

while Alexander Karpovtsev, Alexei Kovalev, Sergei Nemchinov and Sergei Zubov became the first Russians to have their names engraved on the Cup. Despite having coached the Rangers to a regular season first-place finish and the Stanley Cup, head coach Mike Keenan left after a dispute with general manager Neil Smith. During the 1994–95 lockout-shortened season, the Rangers won their first-round series with the Quebec Nordiques, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Philadelphia Flyers in four games with succeeding head coach Colin Campbell. General manager Neil Smith orchestrated a deal that sent Sergei Zubov and center

"Pride of the Marines"
crew of a M1917 Browning machine gun at a gun emplacement with his buddies Lee Diamond (Dane Clark) and Johnny Rivers (Anthony Caruso) of ""H"" Company 2nd Battalion First Marines. The onslaught by the enemy is particularly heavy, but the men are able to kill some 200 of the enemy. Rivers is killed by a bullet through the head, Diamond is wounded in his right arm, and Schmid is blinded by a Japanese soldier dropping a hand grenade at the front of the gun pit. The third part is Schmid's humbling rehabilitation, in which he resents being dependent upon others.

He hopes that an operation will restore his sight, but the medical procedure isn't successful. He doesn't want Ruth to know that he is almost completely blind, so he attempts to break up with her. Schmid is aided in his recovery by Diamond, hospital rehabilitation officer Virginia Pfeiffer (Rosemary DeCamp), and the other wounded veterans. He is to be awarded the Navy Cross but is dismayed that the ceremony will take place in his home town. He initially feels anger at being dependent upon family and friends as he doesn't want to be a burden to anyone. In spite of

Pride of the Marines Pride of the Marines is a 1945 American biographical war film starring John Garfield and Eleanor Parker. It tells the story of U.S. Marine Al Schmid in World War II, his heroic stand against a Japanese attack during the Battle of Guadalcanal, in which he was blinded by a grenade, and his subsequent rehabilitation. The film was based on the Roger Butterfield book ""Al Schmid, Marine"". Albert Maltz was nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay. The film is divided into three parts. The first takes place prior to the war. Cocky Philadelphia steel

Crowther of ""The New York Times"" called the film ""a splendid documentation of a dramatic crisis in a hero's life,"" with performances that were ""all unqualifiedly excellent ... To say that this picture is entertaining to a truly surprising degree is an inadequate recommendation. It is inspiring and eloquent of a quality of human courage that millions must try to generate today."" ""Variety"" called it ""a two-hour celluloid saga which should inspire much pride for many. As an entertainment film with a forceful theme, so punchy that its 'message' aspects are negligible, it is a credit to all concerned ...

records the film earned $2,295,000 domestically and $724,000 foreign. ""Pride of the Marines"" was adapted as a radio play on the January 31, 1945 episode of Lux Radio Theater and the June 15, 1946 episode of Academy Award Theater, both with John Garfield reprising his role. As a bonus feature in the Lux Radio Theater version, Al Schmid is introduced by phone and speaks with Garfield. Pride of the Marines Pride of the Marines is a 1945 American biographical war film starring John Garfield and Eleanor Parker. It tells the story of U.S. Marine Al Schmid in World War II,

worker and ""Man's man"" Al Schmid (John Garfield) despises the idea of marriage and losing his independence until he meets his match in Ruth Hartley (Eleanor Parker). Ruth takes no nonsense from Al and impresses him by enjoying a hunting trip he takes her on. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Al joins the Marines. Before he departs on a train to join the war, Al proposes marriage to Ruth on the station platform. Part two is set at the Battle of the Tenaru River on the Pacific island of Guadalcanal on August 21, 1942. Schmid is in the

"Pride (2007 film)"
Pride (2007 film) Pride is a 2007 American biopic drama feature film released by Lionsgate Entertainment on March 23, 2007. Loosely based upon the true story of Philadelphia swim coach James ""Jim"" Ellis, ""Pride"" stars Terrence Howard, Bernie Mac, and Kimberly Elise. The film was directed by Sunu Gonera. The film centers on Jim Ellis (Terrence Howard) and grouchy but caring janitor Elston (Bernie Mac). The two have a short-lived rivalry before becoming good friends. It is 1974 and life is not easy for a black male to find employment, even college-educated Jim Ellis (Terrence Howard). While struggling to find

[Garfield] gives a vividly histrionic performance that will not be easily forgotten."" ""Harrison's Reports"" called the film ""sensitive and at times forceful"" and called Garfield ""very good,"" but found the discourses by hospitalized servicemen ""so long drawn out that they interrupt the flow of the story."" Wolcott Gibbs of ""The New Yorker"" wrote: ""In spite of the fact that most of this has a somewhat familiar and mechanical air, the picture has its effective moments, mostly owing to Mr. Garfield's honest and very intelligent performance."" The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: According to Warner Bros

as an example of overindulgence in white-on-black racism in movies with increasingly obsolete topics. Pride (2007 film) Pride is a 2007 American biopic drama feature film released by Lionsgate Entertainment on March 23, 2007. Loosely based upon the true story of Philadelphia swim coach James ""Jim"" Ellis, ""Pride"" stars Terrence Howard, Bernie Mac, and Kimberly Elise. The film was directed by Sunu Gonera. The film centers on Jim Ellis (Terrence Howard) and grouchy but caring janitor Elston (Bernie Mac). The two have a short-lived rivalry before becoming good friends. It is 1974 and life is not easy for a black

anything better, Jim, a former competitive swimmer, is working on the decrepit Marcus Foster Recreation Center operated by the Philadelphia Department of Recreation. The center includes a dilapidated swimming pool, which Ellis rehabilitates. Ellis's presence and activities cause friction with a bitter, overprotective janitor named Elston (Bernie Mac). One day, Jim invites a group of black teens who have just been thrown off the basketball court in the Center's yard in for a swim. Andre (Kevin Phillips), Hakim (Nate Parker), Reggie (Evan Ross), Puddin’ Head (Brandon Fobbs), and Walt (Alphonso McAuley) prove to be fairly capable swimmers and with a

Cyberman
Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme, ""Doctor Who"". Within the context of the series, the Cybermen are a species of emotionless space-faring cyborgs who look to co-opt human beings or other similar species to join and populate their ranks. First appearing in 1966, the Cybermen were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the show) and story editor Gerry Davis. The Cybermen have seen many redesigns and costume changes over ""Doctor Who""s long run. Over the years,

Cyberman
hands, and their facial structures are visible beneath the masks they wear. However, over time, they evolved into metallic, more robot-like designs. The Cybermen first appear in the serial ""The Tenth Planet"" in 1966, set in 1986, in which their origin story is given as follows. Millions of years ago, during prehistoric times, Earth had a twin planet known as Mondas. Mondas was knocked out of solar orbit and drifted into deep space. The Mondasians, already far in advance of Earth's technology and fearful for their race's survival, their lifespans shortening, replaced most of their bodies with cybernetic parts. Having

Cyberman
using period technology, but are again foiled by the Doctor. After Steven Moffat took over the role of executive producer in 2010, Cyberman of essentially the design introduced by Davies continued to appear. No explicit reference is made to their origin, but generally the stylised 'c' (for Cybus Corporation) on their breastplate had been replaced by a plain circle, implying that they were not from the parallel universe. They appear in ""The Pandorica Opens"" (2010) alongside many of the Doctor's recurring enemies as part of an alliance dedicated to stopping him, arriving in cyber ships in 102 CE. They appear

Cyberman
the show and its many spin-offs in other media have also presented a number of varying origin stories for the species. In their first appearance, ""The Tenth Planet"" (1966), they are explained as being the product of humans from Earth's nearly identical ""twin planet"" of Mondas who upgraded themselves into cyborgs in a bid for self-preservation. Forty years later, ""The Age of Steel"" (2006) depicted the Cybermen's separate emergence on a parallel universe version of Earth. ""Doctor Who"" audio dramas, novels, and comic books have also elaborated on the origins for the Cybermen, or presented alternative origin stories. In the

Cyberman
encounter. The Cybermen are humanoid, but have been altered until they have few remaining organic parts. They retain living human brains. In their first appearance in the series, the only parts of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands; by their next appearance in ""The Moonbase"" (1967), their bodies were entirely covered in their metallic suits, with their hands replaced by three finger claws, but they changed back to regular five-fingered hands in ""The Invasion"" (1968). As they are relatively few, the Cybermen tend towards covert activity, scheming from hiding and using human pawns or robots to act

"Ice Warrior"
Ice Warrior The Ice Warriors are a fictional extraterrestrial race of reptilian humanoids in the long-running British science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"". They were originally created by Brian Hayles, first appearing in the 1967 serial ""The Ice Warriors"" where they encountered the Second Doctor and his companions Jamie and Victoria. In ""Doctor Who"", the Ice Warriors originated on Mars, which within the series narrative is a dying world. Their early appearances depict the Ice Warriors as attempting to conquer the Earth and escape their planet as early as Earth's Ice Age. A frozen group are discovered by an Earth

"Silurian (Doctor Who)"
Silurian (Doctor Who) The Silurians are a fictional race of reptile-like humanoids in the long-running British science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"". The species first appeared in ""Doctor Who"" in the 1970 serial ""Doctor Who and the Silurians"", and were created by Malcolm Hulke. The first Silurians introduced are depicted as prehistoric and scientifically advanced sentient humanoids who predate the dawn of man; in their backstory, the Silurians went into self-induced hibernation to survive what they predicted to be a large atmospheric upheaval caused by the Earth capturing the Moon. The Silurians introduced in the 1970 story are broad, three-eyed

Cyberman
destroying it and those Cybermen on Earth. The adventure takes its physical toll on the Doctor, forcing him to regenerate for the first time, becoming the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton). Redesigned Cybermen next appear in ""The Moonbase"" (1967), set in 2070, opposite the Second Doctor, who discovers a crypt containing Cybermen during a visit to the Moon. They attempt to remotely destroy the Earth by affecting its weather patterns with a device called the Gravitron. However, the Gravitron is used against them, hurling them into space. Later that year, ""The Tomb of the Cybermen"" sees a 25th Century human expedition

Cyberman
an appearance on the BBC science programmes ""Tomorrow's World"" and ""Horizon"", the BBC hired him to help on the ""Doctor Who"" serial ""The War Machines"" (1966). That eventually led to him writing, with Gerry Davis' help, ""The Tenth Planet"" (1966) for ""Doctor Who"". Pedler, influenced by the logic-driven Treens from the ""Dan Dare"" comic strip, originally envisaged the Cybermen as ""space monks"", but was persuaded by Davis to concentrate on his fears about the direction of spare-part surgery. The original Cybermen were imagined as human, but with plastic and metal prostheses. The Cybermen of ""The Tenth Planet"" still have human

"Yeti (Doctor Who)"
Yeti (Doctor Who) The Yeti are fictional robots in the long-running British science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"". They were originally created by Henry Lincoln and Mervyn Haisman, and first appeared in the 1967 serial ""The Abominable Snowmen"", where they encountered the Second Doctor and his companions Jamie and Victoria. The Yeti resemble the cryptozoological creatures also called the Yeti, with an appearance Radio Times has described as ""cuddly but ferocious"", disguising a small spherical device that provides its motive power. The Yeti serve the Great Intelligence, a disembodied entity from another dimension, which first appeared trying to form a

are essentially a modernization of the design used from 1956 to 1961. Additionally, the Giants had a third jersey until the 2009 season, which recalled the Giants' solid red home jerseys from the early 1950s: a solid red alternate with white block numbers. These jerseys were used a total of four times, but have since been retired. They were used once in 2004 against the Philadelphia Eagles and in three consecutive years – 2005, 2006, and 2007 – against the Dallas Cowboys. The Giants have had a long and, at times, turbulent financial history. The team was founded by Tim

fractured his fibula, an injury that ended his season. During the same game, the Giants also lost wide receivers Brandon Marshall and Dwayne Harris to season-ending injuries. The season was also marred by suspensions of Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Janoris Jenkins. The Giants finished the 2017 season with a 3–13 record, marking the first time since 1983 in which the Giants finished the regular season with three or less wins. The Giants earned the second overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft with the second lowest winning percentage during the 2017 season, and used it to pick Saquon Barkley from Penn

Johannesburg on 18 January 2015. De Villiers' hundred included 8 fours and 10 sixes. Corey Anderson (New Zealand) is second with 36 balls century against West Indies in Queenstown on 1 January 2014 and Shahid Afridi (Pakistan) is third with 37 balls century against Sri Lanka in Nairobi on 4 October 1996. David Miller of South Africa hit the fastest century in Twenty20 international cricket against Bangladesh on 29 October 2017. Miller brought up his century in just 35 balls. Rohit Sharma of India equalled the record of the fastest century in T20 international cricket against Sri Lanka on 22

record for the fastest recorded century in terms of balls faced in first-class cricket is held by David Hookes who scored 102 runs from 34 balls for South Australia vs Victoria in a Sheffield Shield match in 1982. Chris Gayle holds the record for the fastest century in Twenty20, during an Indian Premier League in April 2013, reaching the milestone off only 30 balls. In One day International cricket (ODI) the fastest century is held by South African batsman AB De Villiers. De Villiers' century came up in just 31 balls against the West Indies in the 2nd ODI at

partnership when they made 128 for the first wicket against Surrey at Broadhalfpenny Down in September 1769. W. G. Grace was the first batsman to score 100 career centuries in first-class cricket, reaching the milestone in 1895. His career total of 124 centuries was subsequently passed by Jack Hobbs, whose total of 199 first-class centuries is the current record. The first century in Test cricket was scored by Charles Bannerman who scored 165 (before retiring hurt) in the first ever Test between Australia and England (played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground from 15–19 March 1877). The first century partnership in

Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167.

As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours) eastward per solar day. Earth's orbital speed averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h; 67,000 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same

"Heliocentric orbit"
Heliocentric orbit A heliocentric orbit (also called circumsolar orbit) is an orbit around the barycenter of the Solar System, which is usually located within or very near the surface of the Sun. All planets, comets, and asteroids in the Solar System, and the Sun itself are in such orbits, as are many artificial probes and pieces of debris. The moons of planets in the Solar System, by contrast, are not in heliocentric orbits, as they orbit their respective planet (although the Moon has a convex orbit around the Sun). The barycenter of the Solar System, while always very near the

Orbiter Mission. Heliocentric orbit A heliocentric orbit (also called circumsolar orbit) is an orbit around the barycenter of the Solar System, which is usually located within or very near the surface of the Sun. All planets, comets, and asteroids in the Solar System, and the Sun itself are in such orbits, as are many artificial probes and pieces of debris. The moons of planets in the Solar System, by contrast, are not in heliocentric orbits, as they orbit their respective planet (although the Moon has a convex orbit around the Sun). The barycenter of the Solar System, while always very

July 4 (for other eras, see precession and Milankovitch cycles). The changing Earth–Sun distance results in an increase of about 6.9% in total solar energy reaching the Earth at perihelion relative to aphelion. Since the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun at about the same time that the Earth reaches the closest approach to the Sun, the southern hemisphere receives slightly more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year. However, this effect is much less significant than the total energy change due to the axial tilt, and most of the excess energy

"Orbital pole"
parallel to the orbital axis, then the direction the thumb points is defined to be the orbital north. The poles of Earth's orbit are referred to as the ecliptic poles. The ecliptic is the plane on which Earth orbits the Sun. The ecliptic poles are the two points where the ecliptic axis, the imaginary line perpendicular to the ecliptic, intersects the celestial sphere. The two ecliptic poles are mapped below. Due to axial precession, either celestial pole completes a circuit around the nearer ecliptic pole every 25,800 years. , the positions of the ecliptic poles expressed in equatorial coordinates, as

"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)"
Academy Awards the film won in three categories: ""Best Achievement in Art Direction"", ""Best Achievement in Makeup"", and ""Best Achievement in Visual Effects"". It was also nominated in ten other categories: ""Best Motion Picture of the Year"", ""Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role"", ""Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role"", ""Best Achievement in Directing"", ""Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay"", ""Best Achievement in Cinematography"", ""Best Achievement in Film Editing"", ""Best Achievement in Costume Design"", ""Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, Original Score"", and ""Best Achievement in Sound Mixing"". Taraji P. Henson won ""Best Actress"" at

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life. The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best

Actor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects. In August 2005, elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches. She tells her daughter, Caroline, about a train station built in 1918 and the blind clockmaker, Mr. Gateau, who was hired to make a clock for it. When it was unveiled at the station, the public was surprised to see the clock running backwards. Mr. Gateau says he made it that way as a memorial, so that

"Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize"
Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize The Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize is the United Kingdom's only literary award for comic literature. Established in 2000 and named in honour of P. G. Wodehouse, past winners include Paul Torday in 2007 with ""Salmon Fishing in the Yemen"" and Marina Lewycka with ""A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian"" 2005 and Jasper Fforde for ""The Well of Lost Plots"" in 2004. Gary Shteyngart was the first American winner in 2011. The Prize is sponsored and organized by Bollinger, a producer of sparkling wines from the Champagne region of France, and Everyman Library, a book imprint

"Paul Foot Award"
Paul Foot Award The Paul Foot Award is an award given for investigative or campaigning journalism, set up by ""The Guardian"" and ""Private Eye"" in memory of the journalist Paul Foot, who died in 2004. The award, from 2005 to 2014, was for material published in print or online during the previous year. The prize fund totalled £10,000, with £5,000 given to the winner and £1,000 to each of five runners-up. The award was discontinued in 2015, but revived by ""Private Eye"" in 2017. 2005: John Sweeney of the ""Daily Mail"" for his investigation into ""Shaken Baby Syndrome"" which led

"Christopher Hewitt Award"
Gay Men Tell Their Stories. At the time of his death in 2004 at the age of fifty-eight, he was working on a memoir titled “Brittle Bones,” in part about living with osteogenesis imperfecta. Christopher Hewitt Award The Christopher Hewitt Award is an annual literary award given each June by ""A&U"" magazine for writing that addresses or relates to HIV/AIDS. One award is given in each of four categories: fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, and drama. Awards were first given in 2013. The winners for 2013 were Lisa Sandlin (fiction), Dorothy Alexander (poetry), Terry Dugan (creative nonfiction), and Evan Guilford-Blake (drama).

"Shafta Awards (journalism)"
Shafta in 2005, described the awards as ""celebrat[ing] what I believe to be the very essence of Fleet Street: the regular ability of adult, intelligent, well-educated, street-smart journalists to behave like complete and utter numbskulls."" The awards were originally little more than a meeting in a pub, and were not held between 1997 and 2001, when they were revived by ""The People""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s showbiz editor Sean O'Brien. Winners include Sean Hoare and Piers Morgan, winning lifetime achievement Shaftas in 2004 and 2005 respectively. James Desborough also won the """"can we hear the tape?"" award for verbatim quotes"" in 2002 for an

of Caroline's father to her, Daisy dies as Hurricane Katrina approaches. Benjamin narrates about what people were brought into this world for, as a montage recaps the most significant people throughout his life. The film ends with alarms wailing as Katrina floods a storage room that holds Mr. Gateau’s clock, which continues to tick backwards. Producer Ray Stark bought the film rights to do ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" in the mid-1980s, and it was optioned by Universal Pictures. The first choice to direct it was Frank Oz, with Martin Short attached for the title role, but Oz could

"Orwell Prize"
noting: ""When we were discussing the many very fine pieces of journalism that were submitted ""Newsnight"" just spontaneously emerged in our deliberations as the most precious and authoritative home for proper reporting of important stories, beautifully and intelligently crafted by journalists of rare distinction."" In 2008, Clive James was given a special award. In 2009, Tony Judt was given a lifetime achievement award. A posthumous award was made to Christopher Hitchens in 2012, his book ""Arguably"" having been longlisted that year. In 2014, the Guardian columnist Jonathan Freedland was given a special award, after having been shortlisted for the Journalism

"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)"
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story) ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" is a short story written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in ""Collier's"" Magazine on May 27, 1922. It was subsequently anthologized in his book ""Tales of the Jazz Age"", which is occasionally published as ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Other Jazz Age Stories"". In 1860 Baltimore, Benjamin is born with the physical appearance of a 70-year-old man, already capable of speech. His father Roger invites neighborhood boys to play with him and orders him to play with children's toys, but Benjamin obeys only

"Meet the Press"
the program debuted during what was only the second official ""network television season"" for American television. It was the first live television network news program on which a sitting U.S. President appeared; this occurred on the November 9, 1975 broadcast, which featured Gerald Ford. The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Currently, the hour-long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9:00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay

campaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration. Creator Rountree served as its first host, the program's only female moderator to date. She stepped down on November 1, 1953, and was succeeded by Ned Brooks, who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26, 1965. Spivak became the moderator on January 1, 1966, moving up from his role as a permanent panelist. He retired on November 9, 1975, on a special one-hour edition that featured, for the first time, a sitting president, Gerald Ford, as guest. The next week, Bill Monroe,

"Ned Brooks"
Ned Brooks Ned Brooks (August 13, 1901 – April 13, 1969) was an American television and radio journalist who was moderator of NBC's ""Meet the Press"" on television from 1953 until 1965, and earlier on radio. Brooks is the second-longest tenured moderator of the program, after Tim Russert. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, he was raised in Warren, Ohio, and attended public schools there. He was a 1924 graduate of The Ohio State University where he became a member of Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. He began his career in newspaper reporting in Ohio at the ""Ohio State Journal"" and for

"Tim Russert"
Tim Russert Timothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's ""Meet the Press"". He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's ""The Today Show"" and ""Hardball"". Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/""Wall Street Journal"" survey on the ""NBC Nightly News"" during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ""Time"" magazine included Russert in

for good seating. Mika Brzezinski of MSNBC's ""Morning Joe"" dubbed the scene ""a new low, even for Washington tackiness"". Tim Russert Timothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's ""Meet the Press"". He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's ""The Today Show"" and ""Hardball"". Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/""Wall

"Chuck Todd"
Letters degree from Marymount University in recognition of his work in journalism. Todd is a lifelong fan of the Green Bay Packers and of the Los Angeles Dodgers. As evidenced by numerous posts on his Twitter account, he is also an avid supporter of the Miami Hurricanes football team. Todd is a congregant in the Reform congregation of Temple Rodef Shalom in Falls Church, Virginia. Chuck Todd Charles David Todd (born April 8, 1972) is an American television journalist who is the 12th and current moderator of NBC's ""Meet the Press"". He also hosts ""MTP Daily"" on MSNBC and is

Press"" from 1989 through December 1, 1991. All this occurred despite the increasing ratings of NBC News' other programs (and those of the network generally) during that period. The program originally aired at noon Eastern Time every Sunday, before moving to a 9:00 a.m. slot by the early 1990s. Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of ""Meet the Press"" on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.

""Scripps-Howard"" newspapers for whom he covered Congress from 1932 until 1947. For five years he was managing editor of the ""Youngstown (Ohio) Telegram"". He was later a broadcaster for ""Three-Star Extra,"" carried on NBC radio (but produced by the ad agency for its sponsor, Sunoco). Ned Brooks Ned Brooks (August 13, 1901 – April 13, 1969) was an American television and radio journalist who was moderator of NBC's ""Meet the Press"" on television from 1953 until 1965, and earlier on radio. Brooks is the second-longest tenured moderator of the program, after Tim Russert. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, he was

"Lawrence E. Spivak"
Lawrence E. Spivak Lawrence Edmund Spivak (June 11, 1900 – March 9, 1994) was an American publisher and journalist who was best known as the co-founder, producer and host of the prestigious public affairs program ""Meet the Press"". He and journalist Martha Rountree founded the program as promotion for Spivak's magazine, ""The American Mercury"", and it became the longest-running continuous network series in television history. During his 28 years as panelist and moderator of ""Meet the Press"", Spivak was known for his pointed questioning of policy makers. Lawrence E. Spivak was born June 11, 1900, in New York City. In

to the future direction of the program. A new set was introduced on May 2, 2010, featuring video screens and library-style bookshelves; David Gregory would preview the guests to be featured during each week's broadcast using a large video screen. Different, modified intro music was also introduced, with the ""Meet the Press"" theme music in a shorter ""modernized [style]... the beginning repeated with drum beats"" (see ""High-definition broadcasting"" below for additional information). In response to declining viewership, rumors surfaced in August 2014 that Gregory would be replaced as the program's moderator. NBC News President Deborah Turness apparently had held discussions

"It's My Party (Jessie J song)"
It's My Party (Jessie J song) ""It's My Party"" is a song by British singer-songwriter Jessie J, released as the second single from her second studio album, ""Alive"" (2013). The song was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly, John Lardieri and Colin Norman, and produced by Lardieri and Kelly. The track premiered on UK radio on 5 August 2013 and was officially released in the UK via iTunes on 15 September 2013. Jessie J recorded the official video at the end of June and it was directed by Emil Nava. ""It's My Party"" is a mid-tempo song in the key

breaks into the chorus: ""It's my party/ I'll do what I want""."" Credits adapted from the liner notes of ""Alive"". It's My Party (Jessie J song) ""It's My Party"" is a song by British singer-songwriter Jessie J, released as the second single from her second studio album, ""Alive"" (2013). The song was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly, John Lardieri and Colin Norman, and produced by Lardieri and Kelly. The track premiered on UK radio on 5 August 2013 and was officially released in the UK via iTunes on 15 September 2013. Jessie J recorded the official video at the

of A major, written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly John Lardieri & Colin Norman. The song received its first radio play on Capital FM on 5 August 2013 and was released on 15 September 2013. The song shares its title with Lesley Gore's 1963 hit song. Speaking on the syndicated radio show, with Alex James, Jessie revealed that it was her detractors who inspired the song. ""A lot of the time the haters - I hate calling them haters but that's the easiest way to sum it up - they need love more so than anyone else,"" she said. ""I

"It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)"
It's My Party (Lesley Gore song) ""It's My Party"" is a pop song recorded by multiple artists since the 1960s. In 1963, American singer Lesley Gore's version hit number one on the pop and rhythm and blues charts in the United States. It was the first hit single for producer Quincy Jones. The song lyrically portrays the discomfiture of a teenage girl at her birthday party when her boyfriend Johnny disappears, only to surface in the company of Judy, another girl, who is ""wearing his ring,"" to indicate she's replaced the birthday girl as his love interest. The song's chorus,

five on the charts. It's My Party (Lesley Gore song) ""It's My Party"" is a pop song recorded by multiple artists since the 1960s. In 1963, American singer Lesley Gore's version hit number one on the pop and rhythm and blues charts in the United States. It was the first hit single for producer Quincy Jones. The song lyrically portrays the discomfiture of a teenage girl at her birthday party when her boyfriend Johnny disappears, only to surface in the company of Judy, another girl, who is ""wearing his ring,"" to indicate she's replaced the birthday girl as his love

the University of Michigan freeform student radio station, played ""It's My Party"" for 18 hours straight the day after Ronald Reagan was elected. In 1981, a remake by British artists Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin was a UK number-one hit single for four weeks, becoming the first version of the song to reach number one in the UK. The cover also reached number one in Ireland and New Zealand and reached the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Germany, South Africa, and Switzerland. The music video for the Stewart/Gaskin version contained a cameo by Thomas Dolby as Johnny, Judy being played

"It's My Party!"
It's My Party! It's My Party! (stylized as IT'S MY PARTY!) is a 1960s-inspired teen girl group from Rochester, New York. Founded in 1985, the band consists of three vocalists who are regularly renewed. There have been over 32 vocalists since the group was founded. It's My Party! performs covers of 1960s hit songs and original material written by John Giotto, Paul Kanack, and Syeed Abdulal-Haqq with the help of Ron Stein. It's My Party! was included in John Clemente's book ""Fabulous Females Who Rocked the World"" in 2013. It's My Party! is a 1960s-inspired band formed in 1985 by

by Barbara Jean English, a girl group veteran (the Clickettes, the Fashions), who was then working as a receptionist at the firm. She also worked with Jimmy Radcliffe, serving as the firm's in-house demo singer. Radcliffe produced the demo, and, according to English, ""tried to persuade Musicor [the label owned by Aaron Schroeder] to release it as a record, or to take me into a master studio and redo it, but they weren't interested."" The first recording of the song was in 1962 by The Chiffons for their ""One Fine Day"" album. It was also recorded by Helen Shapiro for

""It's my party, and I'll cry if I want to... You would cry too if it happened to you!"" became a part of American pop cultural language as a phrase used to describe being utterly humiliated and miserable during an event that is supposed to be a happy occasion. ""It's My Party"" is in the key of A major. The song's effectiveness is enhanced by several musical touches producer Quincy Jones incorporated, including Latin-sounding rhythms, double tracked vocals and effective horn parts. Allmusic critic Jason Ankeny wrote of the song, It's My Party' remains one of the most vivid evocations

"Welcome to the Party"
Welcome to the Party ""Welcome to the Party"" is a song by American music producer Diplo, Moroccan-American recording artist French Montana and American rapper Lil Pump, featuring guest vocals from American singer Zhavia Ward. Written by Montana, Pump, Jocelyn Donald and its producers Diplo and Valentino Khan, it was released by Mad Decent, Epic Records and Warner Bros. Records on May 15, 2018, as the second single from the soundtrack to the film ""Deadpool 2"" (2018). Montana spoke of the collaboration during an interview on Beats 1: ""You know Diplo, he's one of the best at what he do, and

"Zip (file format)"
a file is 22 bytes. Such ""empty zip file"" contains only an End of Central Directory Record (EOCD): <br>codice_2 The maximum size for both the archive file and the individual files inside it is 4,294,967,295 bytes (2−1 bytes, or 4 GiB minus 1 byte) for standard ZIP, and 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 bytes (2−1 bytes, or 16 EiB minus 1 byte) for ZIP64. file format includes an extra field facility within file headers, which can be used to store extra data not defined by existing ZIP specifications, and which allow compliant archivers that do not recognize the fields to safely skip them. Header

"File size"
size information. The maximum file size in the FAT32 file system, for example, is 4,294,967,295 bytes, which is one byte less than four gibibytes. Kilobyte (KB) (JEDEC), is sometimes referred to unambiguously as kibibyte (KiB)(IEC). Sometimes kB, with lower cased SI-prefix ""k-"" for kilo (1000), is used, then always equaling 1000 bytes. A file system may display all sizes with the metric system with only ""kB"" on small files indicating it, while some file systems/operating systems would display sizes in, the traditionally used on computers, binary system for all sizes, e.g. ""KB"", even if hard disk manufacturers may prefer to

"PCI configuration space"
device, and three-bit function numbers for the device (commonly referred to as the ""BDF"" or ""B/D/F"", as abbreviated from ""bus/device/function""). This allows up to 256 buses, each with up to 32 devices, each supporting eight functions. A single PCI expansion card can respond as a device and must implement at least function number zero. The first 64 bytes of configuration space are standardized; the remainder are available for vendor-defined purposes. In order to allow more parts of configuration space to be standardized without conflicting with existing uses, there can be a list of ""capabilities"" defined within the first 192 bytes

"IMG (file format)"
floppy disks and hard drives this size is typically 512 bytes (but other sizes such as 128 and 1024 exist). More precisely, the file size of a raw disk image of a magnetic disk corresponds to: E.g. for 80 cylinders (tracks) and 2 heads (sides) with 18 sectors per track: For optical discs such as CDs and DVDs, the raw sector size is usually 2,352, making the size of a raw disc image a multiple of this value. ISO images are another type of optical disc image files, which commonly use the codice_13 file extension, but sometimes use the codice_1

the addresses defined by IPv4. The gap in version sequence between IPv4 and IPv6 resulted from the assignment of version 5 to the experimental Internet Stream Protocol in 1979, which however was never referred to as IPv5. An IPv4 address has a size of 32 bits, which limits the address space to (2) addresses. Of this number, some addresses are reserved for special purposes such as private networks (~18 million addresses) and multicast addressing (~270 million addresses). IPv4 addresses are usually represented in dot-decimal notation, consisting of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, e.g.,

"Interpacket gap"
Mbit/s only). For Fibre Channel, there is a sequence of primitives between successive frames, sometimes called ""interframe gap"" as well. The minimum sequence consists of six primitives, codice_1. Each primitive consists of four channel words of 10 bits each for 8b/10b encoded variants (1–8 Gbit/s), equivalent to four data bytes. Interpacket gap In computer networking, a minimal pause may be required between network packets or network frames. Depending on the physical layer protocol or encoding used, the pause may be necessary to allow for receiver clock recovery, permitting the receiver to prepare for another packet (e.g. powering up from a

Gibibyte
although not in the context of data transmission and not necessarily for hard drive size. Hard drive and SSD manufacturers use the gigabyte to mean bytes. Therefore, the capacity of a 128 GB SSD is bytes. Expressed in gibibytes this is about 119.2 GiB. Some operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, display such a drive capacity as 119 GB, using the SI prefix G with the binary meaning. No space is missing: the size is simply being expressed in a different unit, even though the same prefix (G) is used in both cases. The use of ""gigabyte"" (GB) to refer to

IPv4
delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the address space to (2) addresses. IPv4 reserves special address blocks for private networks (~18 million addresses) and multicast addresses (~270 million addresses). IPv4 addresses may be represented in any notation expressing a 32-bit integer value. They are most often written in the dot-decimal notation, which consists of four octets of the address expressed individually in decimal numbers and separated by periods.

"Maximum segment size"
Maximum segment size The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the ""options"" field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications device can receive in a single TCP segment. It does not count the TCP header or the IP header (unlike, for example, the MTU for IP datagrams). The IP datagram containing a TCP segment may be self-contained within a single packet, or it may be reconstructed from several fragmented pieces; either way, the MSS limit applies to the total amount of data contained in the final,

IPv4
other footer after the data section. Typically the link layer encapsulates IP packets in frames with a CRC footer that detects most errors, and typically the end-to-end TCP layer checksum detects most other errors. The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options. The fields in the header are packed with the most significant byte first (big endian), and for the diagram and discussion, the most significant bits are considered to come first (MSB 0 bit numbering). The most significant bit is numbered 0, so the version

"Claims adjuster"
Claims adjuster Claims adjuster (claim adjuster), or claims handler (claim handler), investigates insurance claims by interviewing the claimant and witnesses, consulting police and hospital records, and inspecting property damage to determine the extent of the company's liability. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean and New Zealand the term loss adjuster is used. Other claims adjusters who represent policyholders may aid in the preparation of an insurance claim. In the United States, a claims adjuster's duties typically extend to include the following elements: A Claims adjuster or Public Adjuster does not, and should not, engage in the

required to operate a 50-pound ladder and must stand, walk, kneel, crawl, and perform other physical demands as they investigate damaged property. Claims adjuster Claims adjuster (claim adjuster), or claims handler (claim handler), investigates insurance claims by interviewing the claimant and witnesses, consulting police and hospital records, and inspecting property damage to determine the extent of the company's liability. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean and New Zealand the term loss adjuster is used. Other claims adjusters who represent policyholders may aid in the preparation of an insurance claim. In the United States, a claims adjuster's

"Tax audit representation"
Tax audit representation Tax audit representation, also called audit defense, is a service in which a tax or legal professional stands in on behalf of a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) during an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or state income tax audit. In the United States, during an income tax audit or examination, the IRS and all states allow a taxpayer to have an authorized representative. The representative must be authorized to practice before the IRS or state, and specific credentials are required. The types of representatives who are allowed to represent taxpayers before the IRS in income tax

Lawsuit
important that the motion be filed within the time period specified in the summons for an answer. If all of the above motions are denied by the trial court, and the defendant loses on all appeals from such denials (if that option is available), and finally the defendant ""must"" file an answer. Usually the pleadings are drafted by a lawyer, but in many courts persons can file papers and represent themselves, which is called appearing ""pro se"". Many courts have a ""pro se"" clerk to assist people without lawyers. A pretrial discovery can be defined as ""the formal process of

Lawsuit
pretrial motions to exclude or include particular legal or factual issues before trial. There is also the ability of one to make an under oath statement during the pretrial, also known as a deposition. The deposition can be used in the trial or just in the pretrial, but this allows for both parties to be aware of the arguments or claims that are going to be made by the other party in the trial. It is notable that the depositions can be written or oral. At the close of discovery, the parties may either pick a jury and then have

Lawsuit
file an answer within the time permitted, the answer must address each of the plaintiffs' allegations. The defendant has three choices to make, which include either admitting to the allegation, denying it, or pleading a lack of sufficient information to admit or deny the allegation. Some jurisdictions, like California and Florida, still authorize general denials of each and every allegation in the complaint. At the time the defendant files an answer, the defendant also raises all ""affirmative"" defenses. The defendant may also assert counterclaims for damages or equitable relief against the plaintiff. For example, in the case of ""compulsory counterclaims,""

"Insurance fraud"
they contact the suspect. They may reviewing submitted paperwork, reach out to third parities, and gather evidence from available sources. Then, in the ""post-contact"" stage, they interview the suspect to gather more information and, ideally, obtain an incriminating statement. Insurance fraud investigators are trained to question the suspect in a way that precludes the suspect raising a valid defense at a later time. For example, questions about access to claim forms preclude the defense that another individual filled out the fraudulent documents. Common defenses that the suspect interview may preclude include, for example, that the suspect lacked knowledge that their

during an audit, the professors suggested to fellow accountants that they offer their clients the opportunity to prepay audit representation fees for a small amount. Tax audit representation Tax audit representation, also called audit defense, is a service in which a tax or legal professional stands in on behalf of a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) during an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or state income tax audit. In the United States, during an income tax audit or examination, the IRS and all states allow a taxpayer to have an authorized representative. The representative must be authorized to practice before

"Patent prosecution"
generally represent themselves. This is known as pro se representation. It is usually recommended that an applicant not represent him- or herself pro se. In the United States, for example, a patent examiner will issue the following form paragraph if it is apparent that an applicant is not familiar with patent office policies and procedures: ¶ 4.10 Employ Services of Attorney or Agent Patent prosecution Patent prosecution describes the interaction between applicants and their representatives, and a patent office with regard to a patent, or an application for a patent. Broadly, patent prosecution can be split into pre-grant prosecution, which

Lawsuit
the claims. Once the defendants are served with the summons and complaint, they are subject to a time limit to file an answer stating their defenses to the plaintiff's claims, which includes any challenges to the court's jurisdiction, and any counterclaims they wish to assert against the plaintiff. In a handful of jurisdictions (notably, the U.S. state of New York) a lawsuit begins when one or more plaintiffs properly serve a summons and complaint upon the defendant(s). In such jurisdictions, nothing must be filed with the court until a dispute develops requiring actual judicial intervention. If the defendant chooses to

"Former Presidents Act"
health insurance under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program; a GSA legal opinion ruled Jimmy Carter ineligible. Former presidents were entitled from 1965 to 1996 to lifetime Secret Service protection, for themselves, spouses, and children under 16. A 1994 statute, (), limited post-presidential protection to ten years for presidents inaugurated after January 1, 1997. Under this statute, Bill Clinton would still be entitled to lifetime protection, and all subsequent presidents would have been entitled to ten years' protection. On January 10, 2013, President Barack Obama signed the Former Presidents Protection Act of 2012, reinstating lifetime Secret Service protection for his

living former presidents: Herbert Hoover and Harry S. Truman. Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president to fall under the act upon leaving office. The original act provided for lifetime Secret Service protection for former presidents. In 1997, it was reduced to 10 years for presidents taking office after 1997. The 1997 amendment was reverted by the ""Former Presidents Protection Act of 2012"" (). All living former presidents and their spouses after Dwight D. Eisenhower are now entitled to receive lifetime Secret Service protection. By law, former presidents are entitled to a pension, staff and office expenses, medical care or

predecessor George W. Bush, himself, and all subsequent presidents. Richard Nixon relinquished his Secret Service protection in 1985, the only president to do so. Former presidents are entitled to a Diplomatic Passport. This includes personal travel with this passport. Former Presidents Act The Former Presidents Act (known also as FPA; 3 U.S.C. § 102) is a 1958 U.S. federal law that provides several lifetime benefits to former presidents of the United States who have not been . Before 1958, the U.S. federal government provided no pension or other retirement benefits to former United States presidents. Andrew Carnegie offered to endow

health insurance, and Secret Service protection. The Secretary of the Treasury pays a taxable pension to the president. Former presidents receive a pension equal to the pay that the head of an executive department (Executive Level I) would be paid; , it is $207,800 per year. The pension begins immediately after a president's departure from office. A former president's spouse may also be paid a lifetime annual pension of $20,000 if they relinquish any other statutory pension. Transition funding for the expenses of leaving office is available for seven months. It covers office space, staff compensation, communications services, and printing

Former Presidents Act The Former Presidents Act (known also as FPA; 3 U.S.C. § 102) is a 1958 U.S. federal law that provides several lifetime benefits to former presidents of the United States who have not been . Before 1958, the U.S. federal government provided no pension or other retirement benefits to former United States presidents. Andrew Carnegie offered to endow a US$25,000 annual pension for former Chief Executives in 1912, but congressmen questioned the propriety of such a private pension. That prompted legislation to provide benefits to former presidents. When the Former Presidents Act took effect, there were two

"Executive Order 13233"
may claim a constitutionally based privilege over the Presidential records that former President Reagan, acting under Section 2204(a) of Title 4, has protected from disclosure for the 12 years since the end of his Presidency. This directive applies as well to the Vice Presidential records of former Vice President George H.W. Bush. This instruction was repeated on June 6, 2001, before the 90 days had elapsed, giving a new deadline of August 31, 2001. On the day of this deadline, Alberto Gonzales instructed the Archivist to wait a few additional weeks. On November 1, 2001, Bush issued Executive Order 13233,

and postage associated with the transition. Private office staff and related funding is provided by the Administrator of the General Services Administration. People employed under this subsection are selected by and responsible only to the former president for the performance of their duties. Each former president fixes basic rates of compensation for persons employed for him, not exceeding an annualized total of $150,000 for the first 30 months and $96,000 thereafter. Former presidents are entitled to medical treatment in military hospitals; they pay for this at interagency rates set by the Office of Management and Budget. Two-term presidents may buy

Presidency
remarriage. In 1984 the ability to decline Secret Service protection was enacted by legislation enacted. The costs of protecting former presidents and dependents are not publicized by the Secret Service due to security reasoning. Former presidents who entered office after January 1, 1997 are limited to ten years of protection for themselves and their spouses. A spouse’s protection ends upon divorce, remarriage, or the former president’s death. According to the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the death of a president still active in office is automatically entitles his or hers spouse to one year of protective services. However,

a pension, an office, and a staff. The pension has increased numerous times with Congressional approval. Retired presidents now receive a pension based on the salary of the current administration's cabinet secretaries, which was $199,700 each year in 2012. Former presidents who served in Congress may also collect congressional pensions. The act also provides former presidents with travel funds and franking privileges. Prior to 1997, all former presidents, their spouses, and their children until age 16 were protected by the Secret Service until the president's death. In 1997, Congress passed legislation limiting secret service protection to no more than 10

"Executive Order 12667"
essentially restored the provisions of with some modifications. Before releasing any records of a former President, the Archivist of the United States must notify both the incumbent President and the former President of any records which the Archivist believes may be subject to a claim of Executive privilege. Each President then has 30 days to submit the claim in writing to the Archivist. If after 30 days the Archivist has received no claims, he releases the records pursuant to the PRA. Executive Order 12667 Executive Order 12667 established a procedure for former United States Presidents to limit access to certain

"When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going (song)"
performed by Colin Firth, Ben Barnes, Jessica Biel, and Andy Caine. The song was used in the film """" (2012), as an ongoing theme, highlighting the claim that Billy Ocean was Lemon's father. Ocean himself appears in a cameo role. In 1986, during the shows ""Championship Wrestling"", ""Superstars of Wrestling"" and occasionally ""Prime Time Wrestling"", the WWE (then called the WWF - World Wrestling Federation) would sometimes play the opening part of the song during a replay of a wrestling finishing move. When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going (song) ""When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get

When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going (song) ""When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going"" is a song co-written and originally recorded by English singer Billy Ocean in 1985. Written by Wayne Brathwaite, Barry Eastmond, Mutt Lange and Billy Ocean, the song was used as the theme song for the Michael Douglas film, ""The Jewel of the Nile"". The saxophone solo is by Vernon Jeffrey Smith. Aided by a video featuring Douglas and co-stars Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito as lip-synching backup singers, the song became a major international hit reaching number one on the UK

Singles Chart for four weeks in February 1986, and number two on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 singles chart, stalling behind ""How Will I Know"" by Whitney Houston. The Irish boyband Boyzone recorded a cover version for the 1999 Comic Relief telethon, shortening the title to ""When The Going Gets Tough"". Their version reached number #1 on the UK Singles Chart. The song received a platinum certification in the UK. The video included Graham Norton, Jo Brand, Phill Jupitus, Mel Smith, Davina McCall, Harry Hill, Steve Collins, John McCririck, Jimmy White, Mystic Meg, Will Mellor, James Dreyfus, the cast of ""Emmerdale"",

Adam Buxton and Joe Cornish, and Ulrika Jonsson and Saracen from ""Gladiators"". In 1994 the song was used for a clip of the 1986 edition of the BBC documentary ""The Rock 'n' Roll Years"" featuring coverage of the People Power Revolution in the Philippines. Three years later, it was also used as a background song in the 1985-86 football season edition of ""Match of the 80s"", during coverage of the challenge Kenny Dalglish faced on his appointment as player-manager of Liverpool F.C.. In the 2008 film ""Easy Virtue"" a cover version, in 1920s faux-jazz style, featured in the closing credits

"Sonny Boy (1989 film)"
Sonny Boy (1989 film) Sonny Boy (Italian: Il dono del silenzio) is a 1989 American black comedy-drama thriller film directed by Robert Martin Carroll. The musical score was composed by Carlo Maria Cordio. It stars David Carradine, Paul L. Smith, Brad Dourif, Conrad Janis, Sydney Lassick, Alexandra Powers and Steve Carlisle. David Carradine wrote the film's theme song, ""Paint"", which he performs in the film. In 1970, Harmony, a small town in New Mexico, is run by a small-time crime boss named Slue, who accepts the delivery of a Lincoln Continental car stolen by his henchmen Weasel, who brings it

"Red Cliff (film)"
Red Cliff (film) Red Cliff or Chibi () is a 2008-09 Chinese epic war film, based on the Battle of Red Cliffs (AD 208–209) and the events at the end of the Han dynasty and immediately prior to the Three Kingdoms period in imperial China. The film was directed by John Woo, and stars Tony Leung, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Zhang Fengyi, Chang Chen, Zhao Wei, Hu Jun, and Lin Chi-ling. It is Woo's first major film since 2003's ""Paycheck"" and his first Chinese-language feature since 1992's ""Hard Boiled"", also starring Leung. In China and much of Asia, ""Red Cliff"" was released

"Tough (film)"
Tough (film) Tough, also known as Johnny Tough, is a 1974 blaxploitation film about a young teenager who rebels against authority. The film is a homage to ""The 400 Blows"" (1959). A. H. Weiler of ""The New York Times"" called the performances from the young actors ""natural and convincing,"" but found that the film ""states its intentions honestly but superficially. The emotion generated is rarely equal to the drama's good intentions."" Gene Siskel of the ""Chicago Tribune"" gave the film zero stars out of four, calling it a ""shameful mess"" that blended ""a simplistic plea for adults to understand that

"Let's Get Tough!"
Matsui is in league with German residents of the neighborhood (such as Gabriel Dell, who would play a different role in each film of the series) who are in a sabotage group called the Black Dragon Society. In a subplot, Danny's brother Phil (Tom Brown) has supposedly been dishonourably discharged from the US Navy but is working undercover to infiltrate the Black Dragons. Danny's brother's girlfriend Nora (Florence Rice), (who is in the WAVES) has a Japanese friend she went to high school with whom she seeks help from to translate the message. However he turns out to be Matsui's

the second part four-and-a-half stars out of five, stating that the ""visually stunning Chinese historical epic ratchets the entertainment factor up to eleven."" Part I Part II Track list: Track list: Red Cliff (film) Red Cliff or Chibi () is a 2008-09 Chinese epic war film, based on the Battle of Red Cliffs (AD 208–209) and the events at the end of the Han dynasty and immediately prior to the Three Kingdoms period in imperial China. The film was directed by John Woo, and stars Tony Leung, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Zhang Fengyi, Chang Chen, Zhao Wei, Hu Jun, and Lin Chi-ling.

"Ride (1998 film)"
to Miami for a video shoot. The gang, which is kept in line by Poppa (Yoba), gets acquainted on a decaying bus as they travel down the East Coast, encountering barroom fights and other problems en route to the video gig. A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on January 27, 1998, by Tommy Boy Records. It contained five charting singles, ""The Worst"", ""Mourn You Til I Join You"", ""Callin'"", ""Jam on It"" and ""The Weekend"". Lael Loewenstein of ""Variety"" magazine describes the film as having ""a few genuinely funny bits of dialogue and some earnest performances"" that offset

might be carrying guns and which were too small to rescue submarine crews. Britain armed most of its merchant ships with medium calibre guns that could sink a submarine, making above-water attacks too risky. In February 1915, the United States warned Germany about misuse of submarines. On April 22, the German Imperial Embassy warned U.S. citizens against boarding vessels to Britain, which would have to face German attack. On May 7, Germany torpedoed the British passenger liner ""RMS Lusitania"", sinking her. This act of aggression caused the loss of 1,198 civilian lives, including 128 Americans. The sinking of a large,

in October 1915, the latter amounting to US$500,000,000. Although the stance of the U.S. government was that stopping such financial assistance could hasten the end of the war and therefore save lives, little was done to insure adherence to the ban on loans, in part due to pressure from Allied governments and American business interests. The American steel industry had faced difficulties and declining profits during the Recession of 1913–1914. As war began in Europe, however, the increased demand for tools of war began a period of heightened productivity that alleviated many U.S. industrial companies from the low-growth environment of

"Home run"
George Foster and Johnny Bench hit back-to-back homers in the last of the ninth off Ron Reed to tie the game. The Series-winning run was scored later in the inning. Another notable pair of back-to-back home runs occurred on September 14, 1990, when Ken Griffey, Sr. and Ken Griffey, Jr. hit back-to-back home runs, off Kirk McCaskill, the only father-and-son duo to do so in Major League history. On May 2, 2002, Bret Boone and Mike Cameron of the Seattle Mariners hit back-to-back home runs off of starter Jon Rauch in the first inning of a game against the Chicago

(MVP) Award in the same year as their 50 home run season. Mantle is the only player to have earned the Major League Triple Crown alongside achieving 50 home runs, leading both leagues in batting average, home runs and runs batted in (RBI). Mantle and Maris—collectively known as the M&M Boys—are the only teammates to reach the 50 home run club in the same season, hitting a combined 115 home runs in 1961 and breaking the single-season record for home runs by a pair of teammates. Albert Belle is the only player to amass 50 or more doubles in addition

"Home run"
the game; and Ryan Braun hit the next pitch for a walk-off homer. This is the only major league game to begin and end with back-to-back homers. The record for consecutive home runs by a batter under any circumstances is four. Of the sixteen players (through 2012) who have hit four in one game, six have hit them consecutively. Twenty-eight other batters have hit four consecutive across two games. Bases on balls do not count as at-bats, and Ted Williams holds the record for consecutive home runs across the most games, four in four games played, during September 17–22, 1957,

"Home run"
home run hit by the first batter of a team, the leadoff hitter of the first inning of the game. In MLB, Rickey Henderson holds the career record with 81 lead-off home runs. In 1996, Brady Anderson set a Major League record by hitting a lead-off home run in four consecutive games. When two consecutive batters each hit a home run, this is described as back-to-back home runs. It is still considered back-to-back even if both batters hit their home runs off different pitchers. A third batter hitting a home run is commonly referred to as back-to-back-to-back. Four home runs

"Home run"
consecutive homers across two Series games. In Game 3 of the World Series in 2011, Albert Pujols hit three home runs to tie the record with Babe Ruth and Reggie Jackson. The St. Louis Cardinals went on to win the World Series in Game 7 at Busch Stadium. In Game 1 of the World Series in 2012, Pablo Sandoval of the San Francisco Giants hit three home runs on his first three at-bats of the Series, also tying the record with Pujols, Jackson, and Ruth. Nomar Garciaparra holds the record for consecutive home runs in the shortest time in terms

"Home run"
home runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history. The home run was measured at a distance of and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium. Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about , by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double-deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry. The location of where Hank Aaron's record 755th home run landed has been

"Home run"
the 2007 American League Championship Series, also against the Indians. The Indians returned the favor in Game One of the 2016 American League Division Series. Twice in MLB history have two brothers hit back-to-back home runs. On April 23, 2013, brothers Melvin Upton, Jr. (formerly B.J. Upton) and Justin Upton hit back-to-back home runs. The first time was on September 15, 1938, when Lloyd Waner and Paul Waner performed the feat. Simple back-to-back home runs are a relatively frequent occurrence. If a pitcher gives up a homer, he might have his concentration broken and might alter his normal approach in

"Home run"
White Sox. The Mariners batted around in the inning, and Boone and Cameron came up to bat against reliever Jim Parque with two outs, again hitting back-to-back home runs and becoming the only pair of teammates to hit back-to-back home runs twice in the same inning. On June 19, 2012, José Bautista and Colby Rasmus hit back-to-back home runs and back-to-back-to-back home runs with Edwin Encarnación for a lead change in each instance. On July 23, 2017 Whit Merrifield, Jorge Bonifacio, and Eric Hosmer of the Kansas City Royals hit back to back to back home runs in the fourth

cultural, economic, and urban aspects of the Northeast are, and where they begin or end as one reaches the borders of the region. Using the Census Bureaus definition of the northeast, the region includes nine states: they are Maine, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania. The region is often subdivided into New England (the six states east of New York) and the Mid-Atlantic states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania). This definition has been essentially unchanged since 1880 and is widely used as a standard for data tabulation. However, the Census Bureau has

Northeastern United States The Northeastern United States, also referred to as simply the Northeast, is a geographical region of the United States bordered to the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Southern United States, and to the west by the Midwestern United States. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the United States Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics. The Census Bureau-defined region has a total area of with of that being land mass. Although it lacks a unified cultural identity, the Northeastern region is

popularized the term in his landmark 1961 study of the region, ""Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States"". Gottmann concluded that the region's cities, while discrete and independent, are uniquely tied to each other through the intermeshing of their suburban zones, taking on some characteristics of a single, massive city: a ""megalopolis"". The megalopolis encompasses the District of Columbia and part or all of 11 states: from south to north, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. It is linked by Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1, which start

regions and divisions."" The Census Bureau confirmed in 1994 that it would continue to ""review the components of the regions and divisions to ensure that they continue to represent the most useful combinations of States and State equivalents."" Many organizations and reference works follow the Census Bureau's definition for the region; however, other entities define the Northeastern United States in significantly different ways for various purposes. The Association of American Geographers divides the Northeast into two divisions: ""New England"", which consists of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; and the ""Middle States"", which consists of New York,

Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Similarly, the Geological Society of America defines the Northeast as these same states but with the addition of Maryland and the District of Columbia. The narrowest definitions include only the states of New England. Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States, but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey. States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities: Anthropologists recognize the ""Northeastern Woodlands"" as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists

"West North Central states"
West North Central states The West North Central states form one of the nine geographic subdivisions within the United States that are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau. Seven states compose the division: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota, and it makes up the western half of the United States Census Bureau's larger region of the Midwest, the eastern half of which consists of the East North Central states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. The Mississippi River marks the bulk of the boundary between these two divisions. The West North Central states are

"Make It or Break It"
over managing The Rock, as the girls are shut out of the National Team. Kaylie and Emily are kept back from a USA vs. China meet. To get The Rock girls recognized as being international standard, The Rock holds a private meet between them and the Chinese National Team. Ellen Beals pressures Kaylie not to compete, telling her she might lose and damage her profile. Ellen also blackmails Emily, telling her if she competes she will have her scholarship revoked after Ellen finds out about Emily's job at the Pizza Shack. Working together, the girls get five medals, more than

secret Wendy has been hiding and exposes her, getting Wendy kicked out. The season three finale culminates with the five girls, Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, plus Jordan, and finally Colleen, being chosen to represent the U.S. in the Olympics. The following is a table with the average estimated number of viewers per episode, each season of ""Make It or Break It"" on ABC Family. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the first ten episodes in a set entitled ""Make It or Break It – Volume 1: Extended Edition"". Bonus material includes deleted scenes, the never-before-seen extended finale, and the featurette, ""Making

to help support her family, as they are struggling with debt after Payson's medical bills and training, but her parents do not want her to forfeit her eligibility for a college scholarship. Payson tells Max she loves him and begs him to forget she said anything when his feelings are not confessed to her. In the season two finale, the four girls lead the team to the World Competition in Rio de Janeiro, where they win team gold. Season Three opens with Payson, Lauren, and Kaylie heading to the American Olympic Training Center as they prepare for the 2012 London

the U.S. National Team got in Beijing. In the second season, the girls are joined at The Rock by superstar male gymnast Austin Tucker (Zane Holtz). Payson refuses to accept her body has changed since her injury and is encouraged to petition to the National Team by Ellen Beals against the advice of Sasha, who thinks she is not ready. Her petition is denied, and she is heartbroken until Sasha convinces her to return, hoping to revitalize her career by transitioning her into being an artistic gymnast. Payson, whose previous style emphasized power over grace, is skeptical but comes around

Make It or Break It Make It or Break It ( ""MIOBI)"" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film ""Stick It"". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total number of episodes in the first season to 20. In January 2010, the show was

It"", which shows how the stars manage the acting with the difficult stunts they do. Make It or Break It Make It or Break It ( ""MIOBI)"" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film ""Stick It"". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total

mother or is after her father's money. Payson has back problems and tries to conceal this from her parents and Sasha because she is desperate not to lose her chance to become National Champion and beat her rival, Kelly Parker (Nicole Gale Anderson) in a pre-nationals club meet between The Denver Elite and The Rock. While Payson manages to beat Kelly, Emily attempts a more difficult dismount on bars than the one Sasha told her to do and falls. She is banned from competing at nationals and suspended from The Rock. Damon, a friend of Razors who is covering his

A new gymnast, Max (Josh Bowman), comes to The Rock, attracting the attention of Lauren and Payson. Though Max seems more interested in Payson, she is more focused on her dream. Lauren tells Payson that Max is her new boyfriend; Max denies this. Max, Austin, and Payson help Kaylie train in secret, as they try to convince Sasha that Kaylie is ready to compete at Worlds. In the wake of Emily's departure, Kelly Parker becomes closer to Kaylie, despite the scheming of her stage mother, Sheila (Kathy Najimy). Kaylie offers her comfort as Kelly's mom is only supportive of Kelly's

up the girls, forcing Kaylie to live and work with Kelly Parker and Lauren to work with Payson. Kelly is not good enough for the Olympics and leaves gymnastics. Austin does not make the Olympic Team and blames Kaylie. Jordan reveals that a former coach, Coach Keagan, molested her when she was young. Desperate to ensure her spot on the team, Wendy drugs Kaylie with a cold medicine containing a banned substance. After Austin and Kaylie reunite, then Lauren, Payson, and Jordan tell the NGO that they are boycotting Olympic tryouts unless Kaylie is allowed to perform. Lauren discovers the

shifts at the Pizza Shack helps Emily break into the gym at night to perfect the move and prove herself to Sasha. Before nationals, Carter confesses to Kaylie that he cheated. She disappears, but Emily, Lauren and Payson find her at gymnastics camp. Lauren reveals it was her who slept with Carter, but eventually all the girls put aside their differences and return to Boulder in time to leave for nationals. Payson is favorite to win but after a fall on the uneven bars, she fractures her spine and is told she can never do gymnastics again. Kaylie receives the

"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development"
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 (), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. The ten-day mega-summit, which culminated in

"Earth Summit"
held as a platform for other Member States to collaborate. Since the creation, many others in the field of sustainability show a similar development to the issues discussed in these conferences, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was also held in Rio, and is also commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012. It was held from 13 to 22 June. The issues addressed included: An important achievement of the summit was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Another agreement

The CVF was chaired by Senator Loren Legarda of the Philippines. The Philippines took over responsibility as CVF chair from Costa Rica in January 2015 and will continue to preside the Forum until mid-2016. In 2015, the chair announced the official launching of the 'Vulnerable Twenty' or 'V20' as a more comprehensive offshoot bloc from the established forum. The Philippines highlighted the importance of finance in climate change. The 'V20' was officially launched by all member countries in the city of Lima in Peru(a non-member country which also handled come meetings in the 2015 APEC). The chairmanship of the Philippines

world. Despite the huge response, the platform was taken down two years later due to technical and economic constraints but has since remained as a positive legacy through the activities of students who were first recognized by the network. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 (), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a

"2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit"
2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit """" The 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit, was the thirteenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 30 November and 1 December 2018 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the first G20 summit to be hosted in South America. President Mauricio Macri of Argentina assumed the one-year G20 presidency on 30 November 2017, during an official ceremony at the Kirchner Cultural Centre in Buenos Aires. President Xi Jinping of China (2016 host), Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany (2017 host), and Prime Minister Shinzō Abe of Japan (2019 host) all

G20
According to the political economist Robert Wade: The G20's primary focus has been governance of the global economy. Summit themes have varied from year to year. The theme of the 2006 G20 ministerial meeting was ""Building and Sustaining Prosperity"". The issues discussed included domestic reforms to achieve ""sustained growth"", global energy and resource commodity markets, reform of the World Bank and IMF, and the impact of demographic changes due to an aging world population. In 2007, South Africa hosted the secretariat with Trevor A. Manuel, South African Minister of Finance as chairperson of the G20. In 2008, Guido Mantega, Brazil's

"2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference"
2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference The United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP20 or CMP10 was held in Lima, Peru, from December 1 to 12, 2014. This was the 20th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 20) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 10th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP 10) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The conference delegates held negotiations towards a global climate agreement. While this was conference in the annual series, more attention is directed towards the 2015 conference in Paris. A statement made by

"2012 G20 Los Cabos summit"
2012 G20 Los Cabos summit The 2012 G20 Los Cabos Summit was the seventh meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state. It was held in the Los Cabos Convention Center, San José del Cabo, Los Cabos Municipality, Mexico from June 18–19, 2012. The final draft of G20 Toronto summit communique became the public announcement that the 2011 summit in France would be followed by a 2012 summit in Mexico. Pre-planning for the summit began in 2010. In January, Mexican Deputy Foreign Minister Lourdes Aranda hosted a preliminary meeting in Mexico City. It was attended by ""sherpas"" (representatives) of

with improvised explosive devices. After those events, the United Kingdom government lowered its terrorism alert for Buenos Aires from ""very likely"" to ""likely"". 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit """" The 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit, was the thirteenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 30 November and 1 December 2018 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the first G20 summit to be hosted in South America. President Mauricio Macri of Argentina assumed the one-year G20 presidency on 30 November 2017, during an official ceremony at the Kirchner Cultural Centre in Buenos Aires. President

"Thirty pieces of silver"
the Passion of Christ. The phrase is used in literature and common speech to refer to people ""selling out"", compromising a trust, friendship, or loyalty for personal gain. According to the Gospel of Matthew, Judas Iscariot was a disciple of Jesus. Before the Last Supper, Judas went to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins. Jesus was then arrested in Gethsemane, where Judas revealed Jesus' identity to the soldiers by giving him a kiss. According to Chapter 27 of Matthew's gospel, Judas was filled with remorse and returned the money to the

Thirty pieces of silver Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins, and to have attempted to return the money afterwards, filled with remorse. The Gospel of Matthew claims that the subsequent purchase of the Potter's field was fulfilment, by Jesus, of a prophecy of Zechariah. The image has often been used in artwork depicting

bid me fetch thee thirty shillings?"" The story ""Treasure Trove"" by F. Tennyson Jesse relates the rediscovery in modern times of the thirty pieces of silver and how they drive men to kill in varied forms including murder, manslaughter, homicide, euthanasia and suicide. Thirty pieces of silver Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins,

"Bargain of Judas"
Bargain of Judas The Bargain of Judas is a biblical episode related to the life of Jesus which is recorded in all three Synoptic Gospels, , and . It relates how Judas Iscariot made a bargain with the Jewish chief priests to betray Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew specifies that Judas received thirty pieces of silver: Then one of the Twelve — the one called Judas Iscariot — went to the chief priests and asked, ""What are you willing to give me if I hand him over to you?"" So they counted out for him thirty silver coins. From then

the price of blood to be paid in the case of a servant accidentally killed (Exod. xxi. 32). The passage may therefore be explained as ""thirty shekels of silver"", not current shekels, but tetradrachms of the Attic standard of the Greek cities of Syria and Phoencia. These tetradrachms were common at the time of our Lord, and of them the stater was a specimen."" Judas is often shown in narrative scenes from the Passion holding the silver in a bag or purse, where they serve as an attribute to identify him. As one of the ""Instruments of the Passion"" the

"The Silver Chalice"
Silver Chalice"" centers on the Grail—the cup from which Christ drank at the Last Supper. Tired of “all the Arthurian tripe about the Holy Grail,” Costain imagined his own version of the story. Joseph of Arimathea hires Basil of Antioch, a lowborn artisan, to fashion a beautiful silver casing to hold the plain original cup that Jesus used. The casing is to be decorated with the faces of Jesus and the twelve apostles. To fulfill the commission, Basil travels throughout the ancient Mediterranean world to meet these men and those who knew them intimately. ""The Silver Chalice"" was well received

be one of the thirty: inscribed on the mount is ""Quia precium sanguinis est"" (Latin: ""This is the price of blood""). The 30 pieces are used in Christian literature on the betrayal of Jesus, as in the poem ""Thirty Pieces of Silver"" by William Blane: ""Thirty pieces of silver""<br> Burns on the traitor's brain;<br> ""Thirty pieces of silver!<br> Oh! it is hellish gain!"" or as in the poem ""Matthew XXVII:9"" by Jorge Luis Borges: The coin fell on my hollow hand.<br> I could not bear it, although it was light,<br> and I let it fall. It was all in vain.<br>

chief priests before hanging himself. The chief priests decided that they could not put it into the temple treasury as it was considered blood money, and so with it they bought the Potter's Field. A different account of the death of Judas is given in Acts of Apostles; it describes Judas as using the money he had been rewarded with - no sum is specified - to buy the Potter's field, and then falling there, dying of the resulting intestinal injuries. The word used in Matthew 26:15 (ἀργύρια, ""argyria"") simply means ""silver coins,"" and scholars disagree on the type of

Simony
r.8. Simony Simony is the act of selling church offices and roles. It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles 8:9–24 as having offered two disciples of Jesus, Peter and John, payment in exchange for their empowering him to impart the power of the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom he would place his hands. The term extends to other forms of trafficking for money in ""spiritual things."" Simony was one of the important issues during the Investiture Controversy. Although an offense against canon law, Simony became widespread in the Catholic Church in

Simony
Simony Simony is the act of selling church offices and roles. It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles 8:9–24 as having offered two disciples of Jesus, Peter and John, payment in exchange for their empowering him to impart the power of the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom he would place his hands. The term extends to other forms of trafficking for money in ""spiritual things."" Simony was one of the important issues during the Investiture Controversy. Although an offense against canon law, Simony became widespread in the Catholic Church in the

50–40–90 club Informally, the 50–40–90 club is the group of National Basketball Association (NBA) players who have had a shooting percentage at or above 50% for field goals, 40% for three-pointers, and 90% for free throws during an entire NBA regular season while also achieving the NBA minimum number of makes in each category (300 field goals, 82 three-pointers, and 125 free throws). A total of seven players have had 50–40–90 seasons. 50–40–90 indicates a great all-around shooting performance and is considered the ultimate standard for shooters. Only Steve Nash (four times) and Larry Bird (twice) have repeat 50–40–90 seasons.

"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
he was stronger shooting the skyhook with his right hand than he was with his left. According to Abdul-Jabbar, he learned the move in fifth grade after practicing with the Mikan Drill and soon learned to value it, as it was ""the only shot I could use that didn't get smashed back in my face"". Abdul-Jabbar is the NBA's all-time leading scorer with 38,387 points and won a league-record six MVP awards. He earned six championship rings, two Finals MVP awards, fifteen NBA First or Second Teams, a record nineteen NBA All-Star call-ups and averaging 24.6 points, 11.2 rebounds, 3.6

two of the three categories. 50–40–90 club Informally, the 50–40–90 club is the group of National Basketball Association (NBA) players who have had a shooting percentage at or above 50% for field goals, 40% for three-pointers, and 90% for free throws during an entire NBA regular season while also achieving the NBA minimum number of makes in each category (300 field goals, 82 three-pointers, and 125 free throws). A total of seven players have had 50–40–90 seasons. 50–40–90 indicates a great all-around shooting performance and is considered the ultimate standard for shooters. Only Steve Nash (four times) and Larry Bird

"Efficiency (basketball)"
No other player surpassed 30 until Michael Jordan in 1987/88 with a PER of 31.71. Since then, Jordan repeated the accomplishment three more times, and the milestone has also since been eclipsed by David Robinson, Stephen Curry, Shaquille O'Neal (three times), Tracy McGrady, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James (four times) and Anthony Davis. No PER statistics are available pre-1951/52 as the 'minutes played' statistic was first recorded during that season. Some currently active NBA players known for consistently high efficiency ratings include, LeBron James, Chris Paul, Russell Westbrook, Dwyane Wade, Kevin Durant, Dirk Nowitzki and Dwight Howard. Player efficiency rating NBA

"Tight junction"
the case. Epithelia are classed as ""tight"" or ""leaky"", depending on the ability of the tight junctions to prevent water and solute movement: Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a

Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a branching network of sealing strands, each strand acting independently from the others. Therefore, the efficiency of the junction in preventing ion passage increases

cells. Transmembrane proteins: They perform vital functions: In human physiology there are two main types of epithelia using distinct types of barrier mechanism. Epidermal structures such as skin form a barrier from many layers of keratinized squamous cells. Internal epithelia on the other hand more often rely on tight junctions for their barrier function. This kind of barrier is mostly formed by only one or two layers of cells. It was long unclear whether tight cell junctions also play any role in the barrier function of the skin and similar external epithelia but recent research suggests that this is indeed

exponentially with the number of strands. Each strand is formed from a row of transmembrane proteins embedded in both plasma membranes, with extracellular domains joining one another directly. There are at least 40 different proteins composing the tight junctions. These proteins consist of both transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins. The three major transmembrane proteins are occludin, claudins, and junction adhesion molecule (JAM) proteins. These associate with different peripheral membrane proteins such as ZO-1 located on the intracellular side of plasma membrane, which anchor the strands to the actin component of the cytoskeleton. Thus, tight junctions join together the cytoskeletons of adjacent

"Gap junction"
cells throughout the body of most animals. Electrical coupling can be relatively fast acting. Tissues in this section have well known functions observed to be coordinated by gap junctions with inter-cellular signaling happening in time frames of micro-seconds or less. Gap junctions are particularly important in cardiac muscle: the signal to contract is passed efficiently through gap junctions, allowing the heart muscle cells to contract in unison. Gap junctions are expressed in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Several human genetic disorders

"Cell junction"
extracellular fluid. Gap junctions play vital roles in the human body, including their role in the uniform contractile of the heart muscle. They are also relevant in signal transfers in the brain, and their absence shows a decreased cell density in the brain. Retinal and skin cells are also dependent on gap junctions in cell differentiation and proliferation. Found in vertebrate epithelia, tight junctions act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers. Tight junctions are classified as a paracellular barrier which is defined as not having directional discrimination; however, movement of the solute is

anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells as well as to proteins in the extracellular matrix . Three types of anchoring junctions are observed, and differ from one another in the cytoskeletal protein anchor as well as the transmembrane linker protein that extends through the membrane: Anchoring-type junctions not only hold cells together but provide tissues with structural cohesion. These junctions are most abundant in tissues that are subject to constant mechanical stress such as skin and heart. Desmosomes, also termed as maculae adherentes, can be visualized

channel is composed of two connexons (or hemichannels), which connect across the intercellular space. Gap junctions are analogous to the plasmodesmata that join plant cells. Gap junctions occur in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Gap junctions, however, are not found in simpler organisms such as sponges and slime molds. In vertebrates, gap junction hemichannels are primarily homo- or hetero-hexamers of connexin proteins. Invertebrate gap junctions comprise proteins from the innexin family. Innexins have no significant sequence homology with connexins. Though differing

Gap junction A gap junction may also be called a nexus or macula communicans. (Although most nerve tissues don't have gap junctions, when found in neurons or nerves it may also be called an electrical synapse, like nerve cells in dental pulp.) While an ephapse has some similarities to a gap junction, by modern definition the two are different. Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells. One gap junction

"Adherens junction"
Adherens junction Adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or ""belt desmosome"") are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions. An adherens junction is defined as a cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They can appear as bands encircling the cell (zonula adherens) or as spots of attachment to the extracellular matrix (adhesion plaques). Adherens junctions uniquely disassemble in uterine epithelial cells to allow the blastocyst to penetrate between epithelial cells. A similar cell junction in non-epithelial, non-endothelial cells is the fascia adherens. It

"8 Mile (film)"
8 Mile (film) 8 Mile is a 2002 American drama film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, and Kim Basinger. The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location. ""8 Mile"" was a critical

not present at the ceremony, but musician Luis Resto accepted the award. The film has been nominated for 32 awards, winning 11. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 8 Mile (film) 8 Mile is a 2002 American drama film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, and Kim Basinger. The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road,

"Lori Heuring"
things already are. I want to be smacked into life every day."" Lori Heuring Lori Ann Heuring (born April 6, 1973) is a Panamanian/American film and television actress, perhaps most known for her starring role in ""8mm 2"", as Alice Richards in ""The Locket"" (2002), and as Mrs. Kesher in David Lynch's ""Mulholland Drive"" (2001). She was born in Panama City, Panama and raised in Austin, Texas. She now lives in Los Angeles. She maintains family ties with her family in Panama and has one brother. Lori was born in Panama, Central America. She did theatre growing up in Austin,

"Joan Prather"
""extremely unhappy"" John Travolta that Scientology had helped her, inspiring him to get involved with the religion upon his later return to Los Angeles. She was married to James J Fiducia for five years in the late 1970s. Joan Prather Joan Prather (born October 17, 1950) is an American actress, best known for her role in ""Eight Is Enough"". Prather was born in Dallas, Texas, and graduated from Highland Park High School. Her film credits include ""The Single Girls"" (1974), ""Big Bad Mama"" (1974), ""The Devil's Rain"" (1975), ""Smile"" (1975), ""Rabbit Test"" (1978) and ""Take This Job and Shove It""

"Ryan Newman (actress)"
before ending in 2015. At the end of July 2014 she traveled to Cambodia, supporting Heifer International. In 2015, Newman was cast in """" playing the role of Claudia Shepard, which she took over from Aubrey Peeples, who played the role in ""Sharknado"". Ryan Newman (actress) Ryan Newman (born April 24, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Ginger Falcone in Disney XD's ""Zeke and Luther"", Allison in ""The Thundermans"", Cindy Collins in ""Zoom"" and Emily Hobbs in ""See Dad Run"". As a child model, Newman has participated in photo shoots such

Paul. Jimmy joins the battle and defends Paul. Alex is impressed by Jimmy's actions; they have sex in the factory. Wink arranges for Jimmy to meet with producers at a recording studio, but Jimmy finds Wink and Alex engaging in intercourse. Enraged, Jimmy attacks Wink as Alex tries to break up their altercation. In retaliation, Wink and the Leaders of the Free World assault Jimmy outside his mother's trailer. The leader of the gang, Papa Doc, holds Jimmy at gunpoint, threatening to kill him before being dissuaded by Wink. Jimmy's best friend and battle host, Future, pushes him to get

Ryan Newman (actress) Ryan Newman (born April 24, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Ginger Falcone in Disney XD's ""Zeke and Luther"", Allison in ""The Thundermans"", Cindy Collins in ""Zoom"" and Emily Hobbs in ""See Dad Run"". As a child model, Newman has participated in photo shoots such as ""Inspire Magazine"", ""Kaiya Eve Photoshoots 2009"" and ""Dream Magazine"", as well as modeling for fashion designer Sherri Hill. Newman was born in Manhattan Beach, California. She went to Pennekamp Elementary school up until the fourth grade. She attended Rancho Pico Junior High

"Terri Ivens"
Ivens is also a major sports fan. Her favorite teams include the San Francisco 49ers, the Los Angeles Lakers and the San Antonio Spurs. She enjoys skiing, whitewater rafting and golf. Other non-sports related hobbies include creative writing and poetry, photography and arts & crafts. Her feature film credits include; ""Jimmy Hollywood"" with Joe Pesci, ""Marked for Death"" with Steven Seagal, and ""Piranhaconda"". Her television credits include roles in ""The Barefoot Executive"", with Jason London, ""There Was a Little Boy"", with Scott Bairstow, and ""Breast Men"". She played Debbie Baxter in the TV series ""Wake, Rattle, and Roll"". She also

"AnnaSophia Robb"
AnnaSophia Robb AnnaSophia Robb (born December 8, 1993) is an American actress, singer, and model. She began as a child actress on television, making her leading debut as the titular role in """" (2004). She made her feature film debut in ""Because of Winn-Dixie"" (2005), followed by the supporting role of Violet Beauregard in Tim Burton's ""Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"" (2005). Her performance as Leslie Burke in ""Bridge to Terabithia"" (2007) garnered her recognition and praise, and two Young Artist Awards. Her subsequent film roles include ""Race to Witch Mountain"" (2009), ""Soul Surfer"" (2011), and ""The Way, Way Back""

"Bryan Cranston"
Bryan Cranston Bryan Lee Cranston (born March 7, 1956) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. He is best known for his roles as Walter White on the AMC crime drama ""Breaking Bad"", Hal on the Fox sitcom ""Malcolm in the Middle"", and Dr. Tim Whatley on the NBC sitcom ""Seinfeld"". For ""Breaking Bad"", Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times (2008–2010, 2014), including three consecutive wins (the second time in television history after Bill Cosby in ""I Spy"" during the 1960s). After becoming one of the producers of ""Breaking

"Man in the Middle (film)"
Adams later finds out that Winston's brother-in-law, a Congressman, has been applying pressure. The Army Lunacy Commission has found Winston fit and sane. However, Adams is informed by nurse Kate Davray (France Nuyen) that Colonel Burton (Alexander Knox), who headed the lunacy commission, refused to accept the report of the hospital's psychiatric head, Major Kaufman (Sam Wanamaker), who believes Winston is a psychopath. Burton is anxious to have Winston convicted and hanged to patch the strained relations between the two forces. Adams instructs Kaufman to bring his report to the trial, but when Burton is informed of this order he

"Michael Stuhlbarg"
Michael Stuhlbarg Michael Stuhlbarg (; born July 5, 1968) is an American actor. He rose to prominence as troubled university professor Larry Gopnik in the 2009 dark comedy film ""A Serious Man"", directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Stuhlbarg has appeared in numerous films and television series portraying real life figures, such as George Yeaman in ""Lincoln"" (2012), Lew Wasserman in ""Hitchcock"" (2012), Andy Hertzfeld in ""Steve Jobs"" (2015), Edward G. Robinson in ""Trumbo"" (2015), Abe Rosenthal in ""The Post"" (2017), and Arnold Rothstein in HBO's ""Boardwalk Empire"" (2010–2013). Other notable supporting roles include ""Men in Black 3"" (2012), ""Blue

"Evan Arnold"
Evan Arnold Evan Arnold is an American actor who has played Richie Flanscopper on ""Growing Pains"", Gavin Doosler on ""Just the Ten of Us"", Ned Carlson on ""The West Wing"", Jeffrey Ambor on ""Close to Home"", Chef Alan on ""Suburgatory"", Dr. Ditmer on ""Masters of Sex"", and David Hillier in ""L.A. Noire"". He also gained attention for the brief role of Leonard in the series finale of ""Mad Men"". Arnold is married. His father was Newt Arnold who won a Directors Guild of America Award for his work as assistant director on ""The Godfather Part II"". His mother Judy Arnold

War II and culminates in physical outbreaks between the troops when, in 1944, American 2nd Lieutenant Winston (Keenan Wynn) shoots unarmed British Staff Sergeant Quinn (Bill Mitchell) multiple times seemingly without provocation before 11 witnesses. American General Kempton (Barry Sullivan) assigns Lieutenant Colonel Barney Adams (Robert Mitchum) to defend Winston at his court-martial because, even though everyone thinks it is an open-and-shut case, the general wants Adams to put up a vigorous defense to make it clear that the verdict is not simply a sop to reduce tensions between the two armies before a major offensive against the real enemy.

"Christopher Masterson"
Christopher Masterson Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on ""Malcolm in the Middle"". He is the younger brother of Danny Masterson, and the older half-brother of Alanna Masterson, and Jordan Masterson. Masterson played Geoff in the direct-to-video movie """", the sequel to ""Dragonheart"". Masterson is best known for playing the character of trouble-making Francis in the sitcom ""Malcolm in the Middle"". He took on the role for seven years, from 2000–2006. In 2003 he played Edward Linton in MTV's ""Wuthering Heights"". Masterson portrayed a lead

"The Middle Men"
footage of Dr. Juarez's (Arlene Tur) incineration, and Esther (Alexa Havins) begins to suspect something has happened to Dr. Juarez. Rex attempts to pass himself off as a soldier working at the San Pedro Overflow Camp but is unsuccessful and captured. Juarez's killer, camp director Colin Maloney (Marc Vann), briefly considers using Rex's video to expose the death of Dr. Juarez and become a hero, but then attempts to kill Rex. Esther finds them and is forced to strangle Maloney. With assistance from soldier Ralph Coltrane (Fred Koehler), who had been complicit in Juarez's murder, they are able to escape

"Tim Maculan"
Tim Maculan Tim Maculan (born April 20, 1963) is an American film and television actor, primarily working on television. Well known in the entertainment industry for his quick wit, wry sense of humor and poignant character work, actor Maculan has sustained a career in theater, film, television, voiceovers and commercials for over twenty years. He’s best known professionally for his recurring role of the compassionate Father Jack for all five seasons of the HBO series ""Six Feet Under"" and the acerbic, riotous waiter on the CBS comedy, ""Cybill"". Maculan’s character on ""Cybill"" earned him a GLAAD media award nomination in

"Paul Giamatti"
Paul Giamatti Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti (; born June 6, 1967) is an American actor and producer. He first garnered attention for his breakout role in ""Private Parts"" (1997) as Kenny ""Pig Vomit"" Rushton, which led to him playing more supporting roles such as Sergeant Hill in ""Saving Private Ryan"" (1998), Bob Zmuda in ""Man on the Moon"" (1999) and John Maxwell in ""Big Momma's House"" (2000). He won acclaim for his leading roles as Harvey Pekar in ""American Splendor"" (2003), Miles Raymond in ""Sideways"" (2004) and Mike Flaherty in ""Win Win"" (2011) while continuing to play supporting roles, like

"Neil Flynn"
Neil Flynn Neil Richard Flynn (born November 13, 1960) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as The Janitor on ""Scrubs"" and Mike Heck in the ABC comedy series ""The Middle"" (2009–18). Flynn has had notable appearances in many prolific television programs in small roles, such as ""That '70s Show"", ""Seinfeld"", """" and ""Smallville"" and the television films ""It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie"" and ""."" His film career includes performances in ""The Fugitive"", ""Home Alone 3"", ""Mean Girls"", ""Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull"" and ""The Resurrection

fellow Russian Alexander Lakernik. Shekhovtseva was photographed hugging Sotnikova in the arena, raising another question of bias. The detailed score sheet shows that one judge gave Adelina Sotnikova +3 grade of execution (GOE) on all except two elements. In contrast, the score sheet of short program shows that one judge gave Yuna Kim +0 grade of execution on her triple flip, of which the NBC commentator Tracy Wilson commented as 'another perfect flip'. French newspaper L'Equipe also reports accusations to Russia and US conspiring to help Russia on the figure skating events and US on ice dance events. Journalists and

"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics"
the Canadian duo of Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir who were the defending Olympic champions. Virtue and Moir lost crucial marks in the Finnstep element of the short program which resulted in a wide 2.56 point deficit with Davis and White. Petri Kokko, one of the creators of the Finnstep, tweeted: ""I don't understand the judging in #icedancing. @Virtue--Moir should be leading in my honest opinion."" In the ladies' singles event, Adelina Sotnikova (Russia) won the gold medal, while Kim Yuna (South Korea) was awarded the silver. The results sparked a worldwide media debate on the outcome. Media reports on

jump-by-jump comparison of the performances of the two skaters. ""The New York Times"" also reported in a conjointly published article that Sotnikova's routine was athletically challenging stating that: ""Sotnikova scored higher on the technical merit of her program. For instance, Kim did not attempt a triple loop or a double axel, triple toe loop combination, as Sotnikova did."" Michelle Kwan, two-time Olympic medalist and five-time World champion, stated ""Under the scoring system, hands down, Adelina won."" (However, Kwan added ""I personally enjoyed Yuna Kim's performance more"".) Three-time world champion and two-time Olympic silver medalist Elvis Stojko responded ""It was totally

experts argued that scores given to Adelina Sotnikova were inflated both in the short and long programs. She was inexplicably scored above all others in the free program, where most believed she merited only 4th place in the phase behind Yuna, Mao Asada, and Carolina Kostner. Many among them cite that certain judges gave generous scores along with fellow Russian competitor Yulia Lipnitskaya. In particular, numerous +3 grade of executions were handed out to the two Russian skaters as well as nods in component scores compared to other skaters. Others noted that Sotnikova made a mistake by stepping out of

the length and direction of a straight line between two locations or positions

"Baseline (surveying)"
Baseline (surveying) In surveying, a baseline is a line between two points on the earth's surface and the direction and distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one baseline needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry. In the United States Public Land Survey System, a baseline is the principal east-west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based. The baseline meets its corresponding principal meridian at the point of origin, or ""initial point"", for the land survey. For example, the baseline for Nebraska and Kansas

"Rhumb line"
or ""projection"" of certain navigational maps. A rhumb line appears as a straight line on a Mercator projection map. The name is derived from Old French or Spanish respectively: """"rumb"""" or ""rumbo"", a line on the chart which intersects all meridians at the same angle. On a plane surface this would be the shortest distance between two points. Over the Earth's surface at low latitudes or over short distances it can be used for plotting the course of a vehicle, aircraft or ship. Over longer distances and/or at higher latitudes the great circle route is significantly shorter than the rhumb

has coordinates: Horizontal and vertical lines In the general equation of a line, ""ax"" + ""by"" + ""c"" = 0, ""a"" and ""b"" cannot both be zero unless ""c"" is also zero, in which case the equation does not define a line. If ""a"" = 0 and ""b"" 0, the line is horizontal and has equation ""y"" = -""c""/""b"". The distance from (""x"", ""y"") to this line is measured along a vertical line segment of length |""y"" - (-""c""/""b"")| = |""by"" + ""c""| / |""b""| in accordance with the formula. Similarly, for vertical lines (""b"" = 0) the distance between

"Distance between two straight lines"
Distance between two straight lines The distance between two straight lines in the plane is the minimum distance between any two points lying on the lines. In case of intersecting lines, the distance between them is zero, because the minimum distance between them is zero (at the point of intersection); whereas in case of two parallel lines, it is the perpendicular distance from a point on one line to the other line. Because the lines are parallel, the perpendicular distance between them is a constant, so it does not matter which point is chosen to measure the distance. Given the

"Straight (racing)"
Straight (racing) In many forms of racing, the straight is those parts of the race track in which the competitors travel in a straight line for any significant time, as opposed to a bend. The term is used in horse racing, motor racing and track and field athletics. In athletics, a typical 400 m track features two straights and two bends. The final straight before the finish line is known as the home straight, or the pit straight in Formula One, while the other is known as the back straight. In motor racing, both the pit lane and finish line

"Right angle"
Right angle In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90° (degrees), corresponding to a quarter turn. If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. The term is a calque of Latin ""angulus rectus""; here ""rectus"" means ""upright"", referring to the vertical perpendicular to a horizontal base line. Closely related and important geometrical concepts are perpendicular lines, meaning lines that form right angles at their point of intersection, and orthogonality, which is the property of forming right angles, usually applied

is shared as the border for both states, at the 40th parallel north. More specifically a baseline may be the line that divides a survey township between north and south. Many communities in the United States have roads that run along survey baselines, many of which are named to reflect that fact. Some examples: In Canadian land surveying, a base line is one of the many principal east-west lines that correspond to four tiers of townships (two tiers north and two south). The base lines are about apart, with the first base line at the 49th parallel, the western Canada–US

border. It is, therefore equivalent to the ""standard parallel"" in the US system. In Ontario, a baseline forms a straight line parallel a geographical feature (mostly a lake, especially Lake Ontario or Lake Erie) that serves as a reference line for surveying a grid of property lots. The result of this surveying is the concession road and sideline system in use today. Baseline (surveying) In surveying, a baseline is a line between two points on the earth's surface and the direction and distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one baseline needs to be measured to calculate the

"Stereophonic sound"
one position, often ahead in the sound field (analogous to a visual field). In the 2000s, stereo sound is common in entertainment systems such as broadcast radio, TV, recorded music, and cinema. The word ""stereophonic"" derives from the Greek (""stereós"", ""firm, solid"") + (""phōnḗ"", ""sound, tone, voice"") and it was coined in 1927 by Western Electric, by analogy with the word ""stereoscopic"". Stereo sound systems can be divided into two forms: the first is ""true"" or ""natural"" stereo in which a live sound is captured, with any natural reverberation or ambience present, by an array of microphones. The signal is

"Audio mixing (recorded music)"
by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc. Electronic recording became more widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction. The possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. The process was improved when outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, allowing greater flexibility in the balance. Before the introduction of multitrack recording, all sounds and effects that were to be part of a record were mixed at one time during a

wavefronts are out of phase; as a result, constructive and destructive interference can occur if both tracks are played back on the same speaker. This phenomenon is known as phase cancellation. Clément Ader demonstrated the first two-channel audio system in Paris in 1881, with a series of telephone transmitters connected from the stage of the Paris Opera to a suite of rooms at the Paris Electrical Exhibition, where listeners could hear a live transmission of performances through receivers for each ear. ""Scientific American"" reported: This two-channel telephonic process was commercialized in France from 1890 to 1932 as the Théâtrophone, and

are then ""mixed down"" into a two-channel recording. The audio engineers determine where each track will be placed in the stereo ""image"", by using various techniques that may vary from very simple (such as ""left-right"" panning controls) to more sophisticated and extensively based on psychoacoustic research (such as channel equalization, compression and ). The end product using this process often bears little or no resemblance to the actual physical and spatial relationship of the musicians at the time of the original performance; indeed, it is not uncommon for different tracks of the same song to be recorded at different times

with each other. Because they are carried on the same medium, the tracks stay in perfect synchronization. The first development in multitracking was stereo sound, which divided the recording head into two tracks. First developed by German audio engineers ca. 1943, 2-track recording was rapidly adopted for modern music in the 1950s because it enabled signals from two or more separate microphones to be recorded simultaneously, enabling stereophonic recordings to be made and edited conveniently. (The first stereo recordings, on disks, had been made in the 1930s, but were never issued commercially.) Stereo (either true, two-microphone stereo or multimixed) quickly

system in 1933, but it was not applied commercially until a quarter of a century later, and by another company (Westrex division of Litton Industries Inc, as a successor to Western Electric Company), and dubbed StereoDisk. Stereo sound provides a more natural listening experience, since the spatial location of the source of a sound is (at least in part) reproduced. In the 1960s, it was common practice to generate stereo versions of music from monophonic master tapes, which were normally marked ""electronically reprocessed"" or ""electronically enhanced"" stereo on track listings. These were generated by a variety of processing techniques to

"Audio mixing"
Audio mixing Audio mixing is the process by which multiple sounds are combined into one or more channels. In the process, a source's volume level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and or enhanced. This practical, aesthetic, or otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a finished version that is appealing to listeners. Audio mixing is practiced for music, film, television and live sound. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer operating a mixing console or digital audio workstation. Before the introduction of multitrack recording, all the sounds and effects that were to

then reproduced over multiple loudspeakers to recreate, as closely as possible, the live sound. Secondly ""artificial"" or ""pan-pot"" stereo, in which a single-channel (mono) sound is reproduced over multiple loudspeakers. By varying the relative amplitude of the signal sent to each speaker an artificial direction (relative to the listener) can be suggested. The control which is used to vary this relative amplitude of the signal is known as a ""pan-pot"" (panoramic potentiometer). By combining multiple ""pan-potted"" mono signals together, a complete, yet entirely artificial, sound field can be created. In technical usage, true stereo means sound recording and sound reproduction

between other signals, adjust for the loudness effect, and generally create a much more pleasant or deliberately worse sound. There are two principle frequency response processes – equalization and filtering. Before the advent of electronic reverb and echo processing, physical means were used to generate the effects. An echo chamber, a large reverberant room, could be equipped with a speaker and at least two spaced microphones. Signals were then sent to the speaker and the reverberation generated in the room was picked up by the two microphones, constituting a ""stereo return"". The mixdown process converts a program with a multiple-channel

(and even in different studios) and then mixed into a final two-channel recording for commercial release. Classical music recordings are a notable exception. They are more likely to be recorded without having tracks dubbed in later as in pop recordings, so that the actual physical and spatial relationship of the musicians at the time of the original performance can be preserved on the recording. Balance can mean the amount of signal from each channel reproduced in a stereo audio recording. Typically, a balance control in its center position will have 0 dB of gain for both channels and will attenuate

"Government of Japan"
National Diet, signed by the Ministers of State, countersigned by the Prime Minister, and then finally promulgated by the Emperor; however, without specifically giving the Emperor the power to oppose legislation. The House of Representatives of Japan (衆議院) is the Lower house, with the members of the house being elected once every four years, or when dissolved, for a four-year term. As of November 18, 2017, it has 465 members. Of these, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation, and 289 are elected from single-member constituencies. 233 seats are required for majority.

Government of Japan The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties. As in many other states, the Government is divided into three branches: the Legislative branch, the Executive branch and the Judicial branch. The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947. It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its head of state. His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government. Instead, it is the Cabinet, comprising the

self-governing towns outside the cities as well as precincts of urban wards. Like the cities, each has its own elected mayor and assembly. Villages are the smallest self-governing entities in rural areas. They often consist of a number of rural hamlets containing several thousand people connected to one another through the formally imposed framework of village administration. Villages have mayors and councils elected to four-year terms. Each jurisdiction has a chief executive, called a in prefectures and a in municipalities. Most jurisdictions also have a unicameral , although towns and villages may opt for direct governance by citizens in a

shout the Three Cheers of Banzai (萬歲). The House of Councillors of Japan (参議院) is the Upper house, with half the members of the house being elected once every three years, for a six-year term. As of November 18, 2017, it has 242 members. Of these, 73 are elected from the 47 prefectural districts, by single non-transferable votes, and 48 are elected from a nationwide list by proportional representation with open lists. The House of Councillors cannot be dissolved by the Prime Minister. Members of the house must be of Japanese nationality; those aged 18 years and older may vote,

. Both the executive and assembly are elected by popular vote every four years. Local governments follow a modified version of the separation of powers used in the national government. An assembly may pass a vote of no confidence in the executive, in which case the executive must either dissolve the assembly within ten days or automatically lose their office. Following the next election, however, the executive remains in office unless the new assembly again passes a no confidence resolution. The primary methods of local lawmaking are and . Ordinances, similar to statutes in the national system, are passed by

"Politics of Japan"
Politics of Japan The politics of Japan are conducted in a framework of a multi-party bicameral parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy whereby the Emperor is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government and the head of the Cabinet, which directs the executive branch. Legislative power is vested in the National Diet, which consists of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts, and sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people by the Constitution. Japan is considered a constitutional monarchy with a

of general affairs, finance, welfare, health, and labor. Departments of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, commerce, and industry are optional, depending on local needs. The Governor is responsible for all activities supported through local taxation or the national government. Government of Japan The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties. As in many other states, the Government is divided into three branches: the Legislative branch, the Executive branch and the Judicial branch. The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in

Ministers of State and the Prime Minister, that directs and controls the Government. The Cabinet is the source of power of the Executive branch, and is formed by the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. He or she is designated by the National Diet and appointed to office by the Emperor. The National Diet is the legislature, the organ of the Legislative branch. It is bicameral, consisting of two houses with the House of Councillors being the upper house, and the House of Representatives being the lower house. Its members are directly elected from the people, who are

the Diet. of the Constitution of Japan and the Board of Audit Act of 1947 gives this body substantial independence from both controls. The Legislative branch organ of Japan is the National Diet (国会). It is a bicameral legislature, composing of a lower house, the House of Representatives, and an upper house, the House of Councillors. Empowered by the Constitution to be ""the highest organ of State power"" and the only ""sole law-making organ of the State"", its houses are both directly elected under a parallel voting system and is ensured by the Constitution to have no discrimination on the

with policies in such areas as social welfare that later were adopted by the national government. Japan is divided into forty-seven administrative divisions, the prefectures are: one metropolitan district (Tokyo), two urban prefectures (Kyoto and Osaka), forty-three rural prefectures, and one ""district"", Hokkaidō. Large cities are subdivided into wards, and further split into towns, or precincts, or subprefectures and counties. Cities are self-governing units administered independently of the larger jurisdictions within which they are located. In order to attain city status, a jurisdiction must have at least 500,000 inhabitants, 60 percent of whom are engaged in urban occupations. There are

Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang (, ; 18 February 25910 September 210) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. He was born Ying Zheng () or Zhao Zheng (), a prince of the state of Qin. He became Zheng, the King of Qin () when he was thirteen, then China's first emperor when he was 38 after the Qin had conquered all of the other Warring States and unified all of China in 221 BC. Rather than maintain the title of ""king"" ( ""wáng"") borne by the previous Shang and

inevitable that I broke the earth's veins along the way? This then was my offense."" Meng Tian's settlements in the north were abandoned, and the Xiongnu nomads moved back into the Ordos Loop as the Qin empire became consumed by widespread rebellion due to public discontent. Owen Lattimore concluded that the whole project relied upon military power to enforce agriculture on a land more suited for herding, resulting in ""the anti-historical paradox of attempting two mutually exclusive forms of development simultaneously"" that was doomed to fail. In 202BC, the former peasant Liu Bang emerged victorious from the Chu–Han Contention that

they started to dissipate and abscond. The orphans, the frail, the widowed and the seniors were desperately trying to escape from their appallingly derelict state and died on the wayside as they wandered away from their home. People started to revolt. The settlement of the north continued up to Qin Shi Huang's death in 210BC, upon which Meng Tian was ordered to commit suicide in a succession conspiracy. Before killing himself, Meng Tian expressed regret for his walls: ""Beginning at Lintao and reaching to Liaodong, I built walls and dug moats for more than ten thousand ""li""; was it not

to double that. The dynastic history of Sui estimates that 500,000 people died building the wall, adding to the number of casualties caused by Emperor Yang's projects including the aforementioned redesign of Luoyang, the Grand Canal, and two ill-fated campaigns against Goguryeo. With the economy strained and the populace resentful, the Sui dynasty erupted in rebellion and ended with the assassination of Emperor Yang in 618. Frontier policy under the Tang dynasty reversed the wall-building activities of most previous dynasties that had occupied northern China since the third century BC, and no extensive wall building took place for the next

"Qin dynasty"
into his new name: Shi Huangdi () or ""First Emperor"". The newly declared emperor ordered all weapons not in the possession of the Qin to be confiscated and melted down. The resulting metal was sufficient to build twelve large ornamental statues at the Qin's newly declared capital, Xianyang. In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang secured his boundaries to the north with a fraction (100,000 men) of his large army, and sent the majority (500,000 men) of his army south to conquer the territory of the southern tribes. Prior to the events leading to Qin dominance over China, they had gained

"Washington Union Station"
Washington Union Station Washington Union Station is a major train station, transportation hub, and leisure destination in Washington, D.C. Opened in 1907, it is Amtrak's headquarters and the railroad's second-busiest station with annual ridership of just under 5 million and the ninth-busiest in overall passengers served in the United States. The station is the southern terminus of the Northeast Corridor, an electrified rail line extending north through major cities including Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston and the busiest passenger rail line in the nation. An intermodal facility, Union Station also serves MARC and VRE commuter rail services, the

"Union Station (Washington Metro)"
Union Station (Washington Metro) Union Station is a Washington Metro station in Washington, D.C. on the Red Line. It has a single underground island platform. The station is located in the Northeast quadrant of the city under the western end of Union Station, the main train station for Washington, where connections can be made to Amtrak intercity trains, as well as Virginia Railway Express and MARC commuter rail trains to suburbs in Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia. The station was originally named ""Union Station–Visitor Center"" but when the National Visitor Center there failed, it was renamed Union Station. One or

station and Massachusetts Avenue and the other at the northern end emptying onto 1st Street NE and to the main boarding concourse. Union Station (Washington Metro) Union Station is a Washington Metro station in Washington, D.C. on the Red Line. It has a single underground island platform. The station is located in the Northeast quadrant of the city under the western end of Union Station, the main train station for Washington, where connections can be made to Amtrak intercity trains, as well as Virginia Railway Express and MARC commuter rail trains to suburbs in Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia. The

"Union station (NJ Transit)"
services on the Raritan Valley Line service. Completed in 2003 at a cost of $24.8 million, the station filled the eight mile stretch between Pennsylvania Station and Roselle Park station. It is adjoined to Kean University. Station amenities include a waiting room, rest rooms, vendors, and a 464-space parking lot. The station features artwork reproducing the 40th parallel of the Earth's northern hemisphere, and shows cities through which the 40th parallel runs including Lisbon, Rome, and Beijing. Currently, the station is served by 53 weekday and 36 weekend New Jersey Transit trains. In May 2004, the station served as the

on a northbound train, which then departs north towards Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and eventually Boston. The Red Line Metrorail station of the same name is underground beneath the western side of the building. Entrances are located inside Union Station with direct access from the high-level MARC and Amtrak platforms, from the east side of First Street NE, or from just outside the station at Massachusetts Avenue NE, providing access to the main concourse. On August 1, 2011, John Porcari, the United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation, announced that Union Station would begin serving intercity buses operated by Greyhound Lines,

Washington Metro, intercity bus lines, and local Metrobus buses. At the height of its traffic, during World War II, as many as 200,000 passengers passed through the station in a single day. In 1988, a headhouse wing was added and the original station renovated for use as a shopping mall. Today, Union Station is one of the busiest rail facilities and shopping destinations in the United States, and is visited by over 40 million people a year. Before Union Station opened, each of the major railroads operated out of one of two stations: The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line ran

two pylons still read ""Union Station-Visitor Center"", and a number of older stations still display this name on signage. Like the other original stations, Union Station sports coffered vaults of concrete in its ceiling. Service began on March 27, 1976 with the opening of the Red Line. It is the busiest station in the Metrorail system, averaging 29,197 passengers per weekday as of May 2017. In March 2017, it was announced the station would be painted white at a cost of $75,000–$100,000. The station features an island platform with two exits, one mid-platform leading into the main part of the

held by New York-based Ashkenazy Acquisition Corporation and managed by Chicago-based Jones Lang LaSalle. Its offices used to house the headquarters of Amtrak (until 2017) and carries the IATA airport code of ZWU. In July 2012, Amtrak announced a four-phase, $7 billion plan to revamp and renovate the station over 15 to 20 years. The proposed conversion would ""double the number of trains and triple the number of passengers in gleaming, glass-encased halls"". Former Amtrak President and CEO Joseph H. Boardman hoped the federal government would finance ""50 to 80 percent"" of the project. Washington Union Station Washington Union Station

in the southwest corner of the Ivy City Yard. Riders on the Metro Red Line between Union Station and Rhode Island Avenue Station get an aerial view of the south end of the Ivy City Yard. Union Station is owned by the Washington Terminal Company and United States Department of Transportation. The DOT owns the station itself, while WTC, in which Amtrak holds a 99.9 percent controlling interest, owns several parcels around the station, including the nearby tracks. The non-profit Union Station Redevelopment Corporation managed the station on behalf of the owners, but an 84-year lease of the property is

at the intersection of two of Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's avenues, with an orientation that faced the United States Capitol just five blocks away; a massive scale, including a façade stretching more than and a waiting room ceiling above the floor; stone inscriptions and allegorical sculpture in the Beaux-Arts style; expensive materials such as marble, gold leaf, and white granite from a previously unused quarry. In the Attic block, above the main cornice of the central block, stand six colossal statues (modeled on the Dacian prisoners of the Arch of Constantine) created by Louis St. Gaudens. These are entitled ""The

"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"
adaptation; sung by Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts during the film and also as a duet cover version by Ariana Grande and John Legend during the end credits. Grande and Legend's version of the song is an homage to the cover performed by Dion and Bryson for the 1991 film. ""Beauty and the Beast"" was written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken in 1990. Intending for the song to be ""the height of simplicity"", the songwriters drew much of its influence from Broadway music. Due to Ashman's failing health, some of ""Beauty and the Beast""'s pre-production was relocated

Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) ""Beauty and the Beast"" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling

quickly recorded their vocals at The Power Station in New York over the Labor Day long weekend, while mixing was completed at The Record Plant in Los Angeles. The song was released as the only single from the film's soundtrack, on which the song appears alongside Lansbury's version, on November 25, 1991. The single is a pop ballad that lasts a total of four minutes and three seconds. It begins in the key of F major at a moderately slow tempo of 72 beats per minute, before modulating to D major, then G major, and ending in E major. The

of love is as timeless and ageless as a ""tale as old as time"". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. Lansbury was initially hesitant to record ""Beauty and the Beast"" because she felt that it was not suitable for her aging singing voice, but ultimately completed the song in one take. ""Beauty and the Beast"" was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine

was present in the recording studio at the time to tears. Meanwhile, the actress credits recording the song with ultimately helping her gain further perspective on Mrs. Potts' role in the film. Some of Ashman's cut lyrics from the 1991 film were reinstated for the version in the 2017 film. The scene in ""Beauty and the Beast"" during which the song is heard is the moment when Belle and the Beast's true feelings for each other are finally established. Set in the ballroom of the Beast's castle, ""Beauty and the Beast"" is performed by the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted

ounces of shame."" 34th Street Magazine contributor Haley Weiss preferred Groban's version to Stevens' original, calling it ""breathtaking and downright lovely to listen to"" while dismissing the film version as ""downright mediocre in comparison."" Weiss questioned why Disney hadn't cast Groban as the Beast instead of Stevens due to the former's acting and musical theatre background. Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) ""Evermore"" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film ""Beauty and the Beast"" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for

"""" (1991). First heard during the film's end credits, the single was produced by Walter Afanasieff who also arranged it with Robbie Buchanan, and included on Dion's self-titled album. The single was accompanied by a music video. Directed by Dominic Orlando, it combined footage of the singers recording the song at The Power Station with excerpts from the film. Both versions of ""Beauty and the Beast"" were very successful, garnering both a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as Grammy Awards for Best Song Written for Visual Media and Best Pop Performance by a Duo

"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!"
Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! (commonly known by its initialism, SRMTHFG) is an American/Japanese animated television series created by Ciro Nieli, one of the directors of ""Teen Titans"", and produced by Jetix Animation Concepts with animation being done by The Answer Studio (who would later work on the Cartoon Network original series """"). Set mainly on the fictional planet of Shuggazoom, the series follows the adventures of five cyborg monkeys and a human boy named Chiro as they struggle to protect their planet - and the rest of the universe - from the

and was Nova's former martial arts trainer. Voiced by Mako. The only city on the planet, Shuggazoom, Shuggazoom city is the home of the Hyperforce. A rocky desert located on the outskirts of Shuggazoom City that landscapes the rest of the planet Shuggazoom. The Pit of Doom is located here, as well as the deep gorge where the Hyperforce found Captain Shuggazoom. A tropical jungle hidden within a series of caves located beneath Shuggazoom's surface. The jungle contains large deposits of the black ooze that is used to create the Formless, and thus the environment is inhabited by various Formless

forces of evil. The show's music was composed by Jermey Swede (Power Rangers Turbo). The Super Robot Monkey Team is set in Shuggazoom City, a city that takes up a good portion of its planet, named Shuggazoom. The rest of the planet is called ""The Zone of Wasted Years."" The main character is a boy named Chiro. When he was exploring the outskirts of the city, he stumbles upon a giant abandoned robot. Once inside, his curiosity gets the better of him, and he pulls on an old, untouched switch, thus awakening the five robotic monkeys that form the Super

fighting the larger enemies, the Hyperforce uses the Super Robot, which can split into six separate vehicles. Its main attack, when combined as the whole robot, is Lasertron Fury, a powerful energy beam that is fired from its chest. The Super Robot also serves as Chiro and the Monkeys' headquarters and home. A boy initially hesitant in accepting his role as leader of the Hyperforce, but gradually comes to accept his destiny of becoming a defender of Shuggazoom and later the universe. He falls in love with a robot girl called Jinmay. He pilots the Torso Tank Driver 1, the

ago, a massive war struck here until everyone involved was destroyed. Unrelenting hatred rose. Since then, the Blasted Lands became a burning and unstable landscape. The Fire of Hate was located here. A small island housing a large monoliths that serves as a portal to the Netherworld, the home dimension of the Dark Ones. The uninhabited moon of Shuggazoom. It is where the prison is and where Thingy was found. SRMTHG premiered on ABC Family's Jetix programming block on September 18, 2004. It also aired on Toon Disney's Jetix block until the Jetix programming block was taken off of ABC

Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce. In the process, Chiro also fused himself with the Power Primate, allowing him to transform into the brave fighter and bold leader of the team. With the aid of the five Robot Monkeys: Sparx, Antauri, Gibson, Otto and Nova, their mission is to save Shuggazoom City from the Skeleton King, the main antagonist of the series. Since Chiro was not born a superhero, the five Robot Monkeys must train him, which ultimately results in him leading the team. The Robot Monkeys continue to train Chiro, as he fulfills his destiny as protector of the universe. When

clone of Mandarin who the Skeleton King created to replace the original Mandarin, Mandarin 2 retains the memories, personality, and powers of his predecessor. Following his master's first death, he joined forces with Valeena to resurrect him, in which they were successful. After the Skeleton King killed Valeena (as a form of ""gratitude""), Mandarin joined his master once more to aid him in waging a war between the living and the dead. His main weapons were original Mandarin's sword and shield, but later a claw hand and a large bone hand, the latter of which Gibson destroyed in Episode 52,

a group of creatures called the Dark Ones which have been dormant in the center of many planets, but Skeleton King power is too powerful, so he had no choice but to obey him and is using the Power Primate to awaken the Dark One Worm but it leads to his demise by being blasted with the Power Primate from Chiro. Voiced by Michael York. A genie like alien creature who has the power to grant three wishes, and much like a genie, is set free when the three wishes are granted. Chiro first wishes that they had some real

felt above serving his guardian and wanted to rule it. As a result, he was exiled from the team and into an off-world prison until his accidental release, triggered by a signal from one of his robotic gloves, which was found in a secret compartment in his old room by Chiro. He then joined forces with the Skeleton King, only to be replaced with a formless ooze replica of himself. The Mandarin replica would fill Mandarin's role in the series from then onwards. His weapons were a Plasma Sword Fist and Shield Fist. James Hong voices him. A Formless Ooze

The Skeleton King was once the Alchemist, a kindly master of the elements of science and magic whose soul was corrupted by The Dark Ones (an evil race of trans-dimensional entities), thus becoming their most loyal servant. Before the corruption could be completed, he created the Hyperforce to protect the cosmos from his own evil. The Skeleton King masterminded key events like the creation of The Pit of Doom and the corruption of the Power Primate to awaken one of The Dark Ones from Shuggazoom's core. During the climactic battle, Skeleton King's decapitated head merged with the unleashed Dark One

"Crossing Over (film)"
Angeles Police Department. The LAPD arrests Farid for two counts of murder and Hamid as an accessory to two murders after the fact. ""Crossing Over"" was filmed on location in Los Angeles in 2007. The film originally featured a scene in which an Iranian is murdered by her brother in an honor killing. Following complaints that the plotline was unrealistic and offensive, the killing was presented as an intended beating-up which got out of hand, removing the dialogue referring to ""honor"" and ""family honor"". Additionally, Sean Penn filmed scenes as an immigration cop. However, his scenes were cut due to

"Crossing the Line (2008 film)"
testing time to shoot a short film. In March 2007, staff from Red flew to New Zealand with two of their prototype cameras, nicknamed ""Boris"" and ""Natasha"". The film was shot over two days, 30 and 31 March, in Masterton. The short film was shown two weeks later at NAB where it attracted large crowds and long lines. The film centres on two young soldiers in World War I who are about to go into battle. Both have comforting reminders of home. One of the men is an infantryman who clutches a photograph of his lover. The other a pilot

"The Passing"
would be required (though the first ten minutes of the film are dialogue-less). The film was shot near Tregaron in West Wales. The film crew were based for four weeks in a disused school building without any mobile phone reception, which Bryn says instilled a necessary ""siege mentality"". With a small budget and no pressure from big financial backers, Bryn says he was able to set about making exactly the film he wanted. Back to back versions were recorded in Welsh and in English. Much of the film was recorded using hand held cameras and natural lighting. The film had

"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"
Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man ""Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, ""T-R-O-U-B-L-E"". The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5. ""Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"" is a moderate up-tempo whose lyrics centralize on a theme of economic injustice towards blue collar workers. The instrumentation features various

Music Culture: From Hard Times to Heaven"", Curtis W. Ellison wrote that the song's music video ""confronted a litany of personal oppressions attributed to government policy"" that coincided with Bill Clinton's presidential campaign. ""Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"" spent 20 weeks on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1992, peaking at number 5. The song also reached number 10 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks charts. Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man ""Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country

"George Weston Wrigley"
George Weston Wrigley George Weston Wrigley (24 June 1847 – 14 January 1907) was a Canadian journalist and social reformer. He was a believer in the Social Gospel and was an opponent of the industrial capitalist society, which he blamed for many social ills. He was the editor of several newspapers that promoted reform in the later part of the 19th century. George Weston Wrigley was born on 24 June 1847 in Wrigley Corners near Galt, Upper Canada. His parents were Sylvanus Wrigley and Isabella Stoddard. He was educated in local schools and became a teacher in Brant and Waterloo

"Samuel Smiles"
Samuel Smiles Samuel Smiles (23 December 1812 – 16 April 1904) was a Scottish author and government reformer. Although he campaigned on a Chartist platform, he concluded that more progress would come from new attitudes than from new laws. His masterpiece, ""Self-Help"" (1859), promoted thrift and claimed that poverty was caused largely by irresponsible habits, while also attacking materialism and laissez-faire government. It has been called ""the bible of mid-Victorian liberalism"" and raised Smiles to celebrity status almost overnight. Born in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, Smiles was the son of Janet Wilson of Dalkeith and Samuel Smiles of Haddington. He

"Bernard Barton"
Bernard Barton Bernard Barton (31 January 1784 – 19 February 1849), born in Carlisle, Cumberland, England, was known as the Quaker poet. His main works included ""The Convict's Appeal"" (1818), in which he protested against the death penalty and the severity of the criminal code. Bernard Barton was born at Carlisle on 31 January 1784, the son of Quaker parents, John Barton (1755–1789) and his wife, Mary, née Done (1752–1784). His mother died, and while the boy was still an infant, his father, a manufacturer, married Elizabeth Horne (1760–1833), moved to London, and then engaged in the malting business at

"De contemptu mundi"
the most popular of the four hymns derived from Neale's translation. American composer Horatio Parker composed an oratorio utilizing text from Bernard of Cluny's poem, ""Hora novissima"", in 1893. De contemptu mundi De Contemptu Mundi (""On Contempt for the World"") is the most well-known work of Bernard of Cluny. It is a 3,000 verse poem of stinging satire directed against the secular and religious failings he observed in the world around him. He spares no one; priests, nuns, bishops, monks, and even Rome itself are mercilessly scourged for their shortcomings. For this reason it was first printed by Matthias Flacius

forms of percussion from Sam Bacco, including crotales, wobble board, spoons and a broom. Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse, and Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus. Teresa M. Walker, in her review for the ""Gainesville Sun"", said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus, the song ""should shoot up the charts."" Dave Larsen of the ""Dayton Daily News"" cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album, saying that

"Leonard Feeney"
Leonard Feeney Father Leonard Edward Feeney (February 18, 1897 – January 30, 1978) was an American Jesuit priest, poet, lyricist, and essayist. He articulated and defended a strict interpretation of the Roman Catholic doctrine, ""extra Ecclesiam nulla salus"" (""outside the Church there is no salvation""). He took the position that baptism of blood and baptism of desire are unavailing and that therefore no non-Catholics will be saved. Fighting against what he perceived to be the liberalization of Catholic doctrine, he came under ecclesiastical censure. He was described as Boston's homegrown version of Father Charles Coughlin for his antisemitism. Feeney was

"Ebenezer Elliott"
Ebenezer Elliott Ebenezer Elliott (17 March 1781 – 1 December 1849) was an English poet, known as the ""Corn Law rhymer"" for his leading the fight to repeal the Corn Laws which were causing hardship and starvation among the poor. Though a factory owner himself, his single-minded devotion to the welfare of the labouring classes won him a sympathetic reputation long after his poetry ceased to be read. Elliott was born at the New Foundry, Masbrough, in the Parish of Rotherham, Yorkshire. His father, (known as ""Devil Elliott"", for his fiery sermons) was an extreme Calvinist and a strong Radical,

"John Greenleaf Whittier"
John Greenleaf Whittier John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American Quaker poet and advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. Frequently listed as one of the Fireside Poets, he was influenced by the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Whittier is remembered particularly for his anti-slavery writings as well as his book ""Snow-Bound"". John Greenleaf Whittier was born to John and Abigail (Hussey) at their rural homestead in Haverhill, Massachusetts, on December 17, 1807. His middle name is thought to mean 'feuillevert' after his Huguenot forebears. He grew up on the farm in

in which year was led zepplin refused entry into singapore because the band members had long hair

"The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines"
the past four years was the threat of a paternity claim by a young Hamburg woman. The 1966 visit was presented by Karl Buchmann Productions and sponsored by ""Bravo"" magazine. At the Beatles' insistence, the venues were restricted to a maximum capacity of 8000 seats, which meant that ""Bravo"" was making a loss on the outlay for the tour. The band arrived in Munich on 23 June, exhausted from their recent work in the studio, and booked into the Hotel Bayerischer Hof, where they gave a short press conference. The support acts for the German concerts were Peter and Gordon,

each managed to venture out at one point, only to be escorted back to the hotel once they were discovered. Starr recalls that every time the Beatles had to leave for an engagement, the process was handled with military-style precision by their Japanese hosts. To lighten the mood, the band took to delaying their exit from the hotel suite, thereby causing consternation for the time-conscious security staff. The band played the first of their five concerts at the Budokan on 30 June. The support acts were all local artists: the Drifters, Yuya Uchida, Isao Bitoh, the Blue Comets, Hiroshi Mochizuki,

happi coats bearing the JAL logo. Their attire was a publicity coup for the airline, who, recognising the value of being associated with the Beatles' financial success, had instructed one of its First Class flight attendants to ensure that the band emerged wearing these traditional Japanese coats. Faced with a wall of glaring lights, the four musicians believed they were waving to a throng of fans, as was usual when they arrived in a new country. In fact, they were surrounded by security personnel, and only twenty members of the public were present to witness their arrival.<ref name=""Timeline/Mojo"">""June 21–30, 1966"".

– a venue reserved for martial arts, as well as a shrine to Japan's war dead – outraged the country's hardline nationalists, who vowed to intercede and stop the proceedings. This issue, combined with a written death threat that the Beatles had received while in Hamburg, ensured that security around the group was extreme throughout their stay.<ref name=""Irvin/Strokes"">Irvin, Jim. ""Different Strokes"". In: .</ref> In an operation that compared with Japan's measures when hosting the 1964 Olympic Games, around 35,000 police and fire brigade personnel were mobilised to protect the Beatles. The four band members descended from the aircraft dressed in

"The Beatles in Hamburg"
a dangerous place for anyone that looked different from the usual clientele. McCartney's father, Jim McCartney, was reluctant to let his teenage son go to Hamburg, but relented after a visit from Williams, who told him that he ""shouldn't worry"". Lennon's aunt, Mimi Smith, was also reluctant to allow Lennon to go to Hamburg, wanting Lennon to continue his studies, but Lennon placated her by exaggerating the amount he would earn. Best had an audition in Williams' Jacaranda club on 15 August 1960, and travelled to Hamburg the next day as a member of the group. Williams later admitted that

the embassy and at their hotel. The Beatles woke up early on 5 July in readiness for their flight to Delhi in India. After their requests for room service had gone unanswered, Evans went down to reception and found that all security protection inside the hotel had disappeared. The morning newspapers carried front-page stories condemning the Beatles for their failure to attend the engagement at Malacañang Palace. The tour party faced further intimidation initiated by Marcos loyalists. The Inland Revenue presented a tax bill on the band's concert earnings, which were still held by Ramos; this was despite a stipulation

Aspinall, the Beatles slept in late on 4 July until woken by security staff intent on taking them to a party hosted by Imelda Marcos in their honour at Malacañang Palace. The event was scheduled for 11 am and had been announced in the previous day's edition of ""The Manila Times"". While the Beatles were unaware of this announcement, Epstein had already declined the invitation when they were in Tokyo. This was in keeping with his policy since 1964 regarding all embassy or other official functions to which the group were often invited while on tour. The 1966 itinerary mentioned

where uniformed men and others that Harrison recognised as the ""thugs"" from their arrival in Manila, began beating and kicking them, moving them from one corner of the room into another. Jurado later bragged about knocking Epstein to the ground and punching Lennon and Starr in the face, adding: ""That's what happens when you insult the First Lady."" Along with Alf Bicknell, Evans received a particularly thorough bashing after he intervened to shield the four band members from their attackers. The tour party were finally allowed to board the aircraft. According to Barrow, the harassment continued as they crossed the

death threats to the Beatles and a heightened police presence throughout their stay. In Manila, the band's nonattendance at a social engagement hosted by Imelda Marcos led to a hostile reaction from citizens loyal to the Marcos regime, government officials and army personnel. The Beatles and their entourage were manhandled while attempting to leave the country and forced to surrender much of the earnings from the group's two shows at the Rizal Memorial Stadium. On their return to London, the Beatles were outspoken in their condemnation of the Philippines. The events in Manila caused the band to lose faith with

"The Beach Boys' 1968 US tour with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi"
the collective search for change and self-awareness. However, on April 12, George Harrison and John Lennon, the two Beatles most committed to TM, abruptly left the ashram in Rishikesh, signaling the band's split with the Maharishi. Some witnesses said that Lennon and Harrison's departure was in reaction to the Maharishi's alleged sexual impropriety towards some of his female students; others cited the arrival of Lutes, accompanied by a film crew to film the planned documentary, after he had signed a contract with Four Star Television on the understanding that the Beatles would appear in the production. The Beatles' disenchantment with

"Pop music"
music since industrialization in the 1800s that is most in line with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class."" The term ""pop song"" was first used in 1926, in the sense of a piece of music ""having popular appeal"". Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues, and hillbilly music. According to the website of ""The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"", called Grove Music Online, the term ""pop music"" ""originated in Britain in

Pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms ""popular music"" and ""pop music"" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. ""Pop"" and ""rock"" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements

been as successful. Pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms ""popular music"" and ""pop music"" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. ""Pop"" and ""rock"" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and

has been dominated by the American and (from the mid-1960s) British music industries, whose influence has made pop music something of an international monoculture, but most regions and countries have their own form of pop music, sometimes producing local versions of wider trends, and lending them local characteristics. Some of these trends (for example Europop) have had a significant impact of the development of the genre. According to ""Grove Music Online"", ""Western-derived pop styles, whether coexisting with or marginalizing distinctively local genres, have spread throughout the world and have come to constitute stylistic common denominators in global commercial music cultures"".

genres of popular music. Early pop music drew on the sentimental ballad for its form, gained its use of vocal harmonies from gospel and soul music, instrumentation from jazz and rock music, orchestration from classical music, tempo from dance music, backing from electronic music, rhythmic elements from hip-hop music, and spoken passages from rap. In the 1960s, the majority of mainstream pop music fell in two categories: guitar, drum and bass groups or singers backed by a traditional orchestra. Since early in the decade, it was common for pop producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with musical form, orchestration,

"Pop rock"
Pop rock Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is rock music with a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude. Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and style of rock and roll (and sometimes doo-wop). It may be viewed as a distinct genre field, rather than music that overlaps with pop and rock. The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Much pop and rock music has been very similar

still does) with that of 'rock and roll'"". From about 1967, the term “pop music” was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral, and accessible. According to British musicologist Simon Frith, pop music is produced ""as a matter of enterprise not art"", and is ""designed to appeal to everyone"" but ""doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste"". Frith adds that it is ""not driven by

than live performance; a tendency to reflect existing trends rather than progressive developments; and aims to encourage dancing or uses dance-oriented rhythms. The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable rhythmic element, a mainstream style and a simple traditional structure. Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the thirty-two-bar form, with a focus on melodies and catchy hooks, and a chorus that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and harmonically with the verse. The beat and the melodies tend to be

from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as ""a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics"". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is ""professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music"". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts,

the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced"". ""The Oxford Dictionary of Music"" states that while pop's ""earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc."" ""Grove Music Online"" also states that ""[...] in the early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it

"Sierra Nevada (U.S.)"
Carson, was the first American to see Lake Tahoe. The Frémont party camped at . The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma, in the western foothills of the Sierra. On January 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. Rumors soon started to spread and were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold,

shouting ""Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River!"" On August 19, 1848, the ""New York Herald"" was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold. On December 5, 1848, President James Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress. Soon, waves of immigrants from around the world, later called the ""forty-niners"", invaded the Gold Country of California or ""Mother Lode"". Miners lived in tents, wood shanties, or deck cabins removed from abandoned ships. Wherever gold was discovered, hundreds of miners would collaborate to put up a camp and stake their claims.

"Clarence King"
Clarence King Clarence Rivers King (January 6, 1842 – December 24, 1901) was an American geologist, mountaineer, and author. He served as the first director of the United States Geological Survey from 1879 to 1881. King was noted for his exploration of the Sierra Nevada. Clarence King was the son of James Rivers King and Florence Little King. Clarence's father was part of a family firm engaged in trade with China, which kept him away from home a great deal, and he died in 1848, so Clarence was brought up primarily by his mother. By 1848 his only two siblings

"James W. Marshall"
monument erected in California. A statue of Marshall stands on top of the monument, pointing to the spot where he made his discovery in 1848. The monument was rededicated October 8, 2010 by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Georgetown Parlor #91 in honor of the 200th Anniversary of James W. Marshall's birth. James W. Marshall James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 – August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush. The

range"", lit. ""saw"", from Latin ""serra"" ""a saw""; and from fem. of Spanish ""nevado"" ""snowy"". American exploration of the mountain range started in 1827. Although prior to the 1820s there were Spanish missions, ""pueblos"" (towns), ""presidios"" (forts), and ""ranchos"" along the coast of California, no Spanish explorers visited the Sierra Nevada. The first Americans to visit the mountains were amongst a group led by fur trapper Jedediah Smith, crossing north of the Yosemite area in May 1827, at Ebbetts Pass. In 1833, a subgroup of the Bonneville Expedition led by Joseph Reddeford Walker was sent westward to find an overland

"John Sutter"
John Sutter John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Suter, was a German-born Swiss pioneer of California, with Mexican and American citizenship, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. Although he became famous following the discovery of gold by his employee James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, Sutter saw his own business ventures fail during the California Gold Rush. Those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter Jr., were more successful. John August Sutter was born on February 23,

Because the gold in the California gravel beds was so richly concentrated, the early forty-niners simply panned for gold in California's rivers and streams. However, panning cannot take place on a large scale, and miners and groups of miners graduated to more complex placer mining. Groups of prospectors would divert the water from an entire river into a sluice alongside the river, and then dig for gold in the newly exposed river bottom. By 1853, most of the easily accessible gold had been collected, and attention turned to extracting gold from more difficult locations. Hydraulic mining was used on ancient

"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit"
Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure understood by Christians to be Jesus Christ empowered by the ""Spirit of the Lord"". In the Hebrew Masoretic text the ""Spirit of the Lord"" is described with

the perfect operations of the virtues, especially in the face of our human weakness and in difficult situations."" Saint Augustine drew a connection between the gifts of the Holy Spirit and the Beatitudes (Matt.5:3-12). Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers

""by the sacrament of Confirmation, [the baptized] are more perfectly bound to the Church and are enriched with a special strength of the Holy Spirit. Hence they are, as true witnesses of Christ, more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith by word and ."" According to the ""Catechism of the Catholic Church"", these gifts ""...complete and perfect the virtues of those who receive them."" In ""Summa Theologiae"" I.II, q. 68, a1, Saint Thomas Aquinas says that four of these gifts (wisdom, understanding, knowledge, and counsel) direct the intellect, while the other three gifts (fortitude, piety, and fear of

six characteristics (wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, fear of the Lord), and then the last characteristic (fear of the Lord) is mentioned a second time. In the Greek Septuagint the first mention of the fear of the Lord is translated as ""spirit of [...] godliness"" (""πνεῦμα"" [...] ""εὐσεβείας""). The seven Latin terms are then: The ""Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit"" is one of several works in Christian devotional literature which follow a scheme of seven. Others include the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, the beatitudes, the seven last words from the cross, the seven deadly sins, and the

seven virtues. The seven gifts were often represented as doves in medieval texts and especially figure in depictions of the Tree of Jesse which shows the Genealogy of Jesus. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, the dove signifies by its properties each gift of the Holy Spirit. Although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1-2 regarding these gifts, Roman Catholicism teaches that initiates receive them at Baptism and that they are strengthened at Confirmation, so that one can proclaim the truths of the faith: ""The reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace."" For

"Spiritual gift"
New Testament, primarily in 1 Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. 1 Peter 4 also touches on the spiritual gifts. The gifts are related to both seemingly ""natural"" abilities and seemingly more ""miraculous"" abilities, empowered by the Holy Spirit. The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue (Cessationism versus Continuationism). The New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts, most authored by St. Paul. While each list is unique, there is overlap. Christians believe that the ""charismata"" were foretold by the Prophet Joel (2:28) and promised by Christ

"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"
Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: ""But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control."" The fruit is contrasted with the which immediately precede it in this chapter. Catholic tradition follows the Vulgate version of Galatians in listing 12 fruits: charity, joy, peace, patience, benignity (kindness), goodness, longanimity (generosity), mildness (gentleness), faith, modesty, continency (self-control), and

"Seven Spirits of God"
of God. The seven graces are: 1) insight (prophecy); 2) helpfulness (service or ministry); 3) instruction (teaching); 4) encouragement; 5) generosity (giving); 6) guidance (leadership); and 7) compassion. This agrees with Isaiah 11:2-3 if ""the Spirit of the Lord"" is recognized as categorical and ""the delight in the fear of the Lord"" is added. In the New Testament, the Greek term ""Dynamis"" (translated by some as ""Virtues"") suggests a class of exalted spiritual beings; perhaps parallel to the ""chief Princes"" (Sar rishown) in the Old Testament, of which the Archangel Michael is stated to be one (Daniel 10:13). ""Dynamis"" is

Old Testament offices. ""Prophetic"" gifts include any gift involving teaching, encouraging, or rebuking others. ""Priestly"" gifts include showing mercy and care for the needy or involve intercession before God. ""Kingly"" gifts are those involving church administration or government. Others categorize them into ""gifts of knowledge"" (word of wisdom, word of knowledge, distinguishing between spirits), ""gifts of speech"" (tongues, interpretation, prophecy), and ""gifts of power"" (faith, healing, miracles). The gifts have also been categorized as those that promote the inner growth of the church (apostle, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits, teaching, word of wisdom/knowledge, helps, and administration) and those that promote the

the Lord) direct the will toward God. In some respects, the gifts are similar to the virtues, but a key distinction is that the virtues operate under the impetus of human reason (prompted by grace), whereas the gifts operate under the impetus of the Holy Spirit; the former can be used when one wishes, but the latter, according to Aquinas, operate only when the Holy Spirit wishes. In the case of Fortitude, the gift has, in Latin and English, the same name as the virtue which it is related, to but from which it must be distinguished. In ""Summa Theologiae""

"Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 5)"
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 5) Season 5 of the American competitive reality television series ""Hell's Kitchen"" began airing on the Fox Network starting on January 29, 2009. The season concluded on May 14, 2009. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef, as well as sous chefs Scott Leibfried and Gloria Felix and maître d' Jean-Philippe Susilovic. Executive Chef Danny Veltri won the series and was awarded a sous chef position under Stephen Kalt at Italian restaurant ""Fornelletto"" at the Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Danny also received $250,000 in prize money from the show. This season also featured a high

which Ramsay can impose additional punishments or kick chefs out of the kitchen. The losing team(s) nominates chefs to be considered for elimination. Ramsay can also nominate chefs, and ultimately sends a chef home. At six chefs left, the teams merge to one, and the chefs compete as individuals. Gordon Ramsay returned as the head chef, sous chefs Scott Leibfried of blue team and Gloria Félix of the red team, and Maître d' Jean-Philippe Susilovic as well. The chefs are shown alongside an elaborate Rube Goldberg machine as it plays out in the kitchen. 16 chefs competed in Season 5,

"Christina Machamer"
reward (dinner with Ramsay). She gave the women several tips about working under pressure in ""Hell's Kitchen"". Christina Machamer Christina Machamer (born March 13, 1982) is an American chef who won the fourth season of Fox Network's reality cooking show ""Hell's Kitchen"". She was awarded the position of ""senior sous chef"" (not the executive chef position as promised) at Gordon Ramsay's new London West Hollywood restaurant where she earned a $250,000 yearly salary. Machamer, the daughter of Rick and Leasa Machamer, was born and raised in St. Louis, and began working in restaurants at age 16. She graduated from Lafayette

and were initially separated by gender. The chefs were: Each week, the best member (as determined by Ramsay) from the losing team during the latest service period is asked to nominate two of their teammates for elimination; one of these two is meant to be sent home by Ramsay. On some weeks, there is a variation in the nomination process, depending on the losing team's (or even winning team's) performance. Each episode consists of a challenge with a reward, a service, nominations for elimination, and an elimination. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 5) Season 5 of the American competitive reality

Christina Machamer Christina Machamer (born March 13, 1982) is an American chef who won the fourth season of Fox Network's reality cooking show ""Hell's Kitchen"". She was awarded the position of ""senior sous chef"" (not the executive chef position as promised) at Gordon Ramsay's new London West Hollywood restaurant where she earned a $250,000 yearly salary. Machamer, the daughter of Rick and Leasa Machamer, was born and raised in St. Louis, and began working in restaurants at age 16. She graduated from Lafayette High School in 2000 and after some time in college, she dropped out of pre-law and decided

"Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 17)"
Ramsay returns as host and head chef, Season 10 winner (and Season 15 sous-chef) Christina Wilson returns as the Red Team's sous-chef replacing Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, and British ""MasterChef"" judge James ""Jocky"" Petrie makes his ""Hell's Kitchen"" debut as the Blue Team's sous-chef replacing Aaron Mitrano. Marino Monferrato returns as the maître d'. Season 14's Michelle Tribble, who previously finished in third place, won the competition. Ramsay uses his telekinesis to destroy Hell's Kitchen while leaving the building as the intro ends with the title card featuring him and the all stars. This is the first season that doesn't list

"Jenna Marshall"
given to her by Garrett and was told to keep it safe. She lies, playing stupid, and claiming to not know what it is. Toby opens it, revealing it to be the missing Page 5 of Alison DiLaurentis' autopsy report. They then head to the police station to hand it to the authorities. At the end of the episode, she is seen smacking a fly on her mirror and removes its corpse. Afterward, Marshall turns back to her mirror with a sneaky smirk and continues to remove her makeup, revealing that she is indeed able to see. In ""UnmAsked"", Jenna

party. Spencer asks Marshall if she's losing her sight because she is wearing her sunglasses, but Jenna replies "" I see everything I need to"". Aria begs Marshall to tell her what she knows, but Jenna seems afraid. Later, Emily finds a body face down in the lake, revealed to be Marshall. Someone hit her on the back of the head and she fell into the lake. Jenna is unconscious, but still alive and taken to a hospital. At the hospital, Spencer asks Shana who Marshall is afraid of, and Fring replies ""Cece Drake"". During the fourth season's finale, ""A

is under control. Officer Garrett Reynolds, who had reassured Emily that he was on the Liars' side, then shows up in Marshall's room, and the two share a kiss, revealing they're in a relationship. In the second season, the character first appears in ""It's Alive"", when she and Garrett are seen spying on Jason DiLaurentis and discussing the ominous-sounding “Jason thing.” Later, Jenna is secretly standing nearby as Garrett preps the girls for interrogation after Spencer's near death experience. Returning in ""My Name Is Trouble"", Jenna takes a pottery class at Hollis College, alongside Aria. Aria pretends to be Anita,

Jenna Marshall Jenna Marshall is a fictional character created by Sara Shepard for the ""Pretty Little Liars"" book series, and later developed for the Freeform television series adaptation by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Tammin Sursok. Although in the novels Jenna is murdered in ""Wanted"", in the show she is still alive. Jenna is a major recurring character in the first five seasons, acting as a member of the A-Team, while being absent for the sixth, and returning in the seventh, working as a helper to Uber A. Toby had described Jenna as ""someone who gets whatever she wants"".

come upon Wilden's police car that Hanna and Aria previously pushed into a lake. A video recorder suddenly plays the incident where Hanna's mom ran over Wilden, but this time they see that afterwards, Marshall and Shana rushed over to his body and dragged him away. During the fourth season's premiere, ""'A' is for A-l-i-v-e"", Mona confirms that Jenna and Shana knew each other before coming to Rosewood, and further claims Marshall feared Melissa. In a later scene, Jenna approaches Emily outside her house. Because of the way the scene is shot, we can see that Jenna is losing her

"Charlotte Drake"
Late I Think of Rosewood"", it is shown that Charlotte spent the subsequent five years at the Welby State Psychiatric Hospital. Charlotte is eventually released from Welby after the Liars (minus Aria) lie under oath and testify in favor of her release as a favor to Alison. However, Charlotte is murdered by an unknown assailant merely hours after leaving Welby. Her death fueled the rise of a new ""A"", using the alias A.D., who was severely adamant on avenging Charlotte's homicide. During the sixth-season finale ""Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars"", the Liars discover that Jessica DiLaurentis has an identical twin sister,

Det. Marco Furey. Tammin Sursok announced that she will return to the show as Jenna Marshall after last appearing in the fifth-season episode ""How the 'A' Stole Christmas"". On June 2, 2016, ""Variety"" reported that Brant Daugherty would be returning as Noel Kahn; Brant has not appeared on the show since the beginning of the fifth season. On June 10, 2016, ""The Hollywood Reporter"" reported that Lindsey Shaw would be returning as Paige McCullers after leaving in the fifth season mid-season premiere. The actress playing Sydney Driscoll, Chloe Bridges, posted an image on social media, confirming that she would return

has a mysterious secret meeting with someone at a park and gives something to the individual, stating that ""they're all going to be at the party, you know what you need to do"". Marshall is later seen at the masquerade party spying on Aria, and engaging in a conversation with Lucas and the Black Swan. At some point before or after the new ""A"" arises, Jenna begins working with them and joins the A-Team, though it is unclear to what extent. The character's return for the third season happened in ""Blood is the New Black"", when the Liars have reason

intact eyesight do and heavily implies that her blindness wasn't an accident. The content leads Ezra to believe her brother is guilty, not the girls. Ezra is fascinated by the story and believes it has a chance at winning. At the end of the episode, Aria confides to Mr. Fitz about who the real perpetrators were. Jenna makes a comment in regards to Aria's romantic relationship with Fitz, startling Montgomery, because it's unclear how Marshall has knowledge on the couple. Throughout ""Someone to Watch Over Me"", Jenna is seen with the owl that Hanna thought was a gift for her

the ""Jenna Thing"" happened. In ""Eye of the Beholder"", Jenna's eye is bandaged, implying she got the surgery. During the episode, someone lures Jenna to the DiLaurentis residence and then sets it on fire, trapping Jenna inside with the intent to murder her. She is rescued by Hanna, who happened to be nearby the household. Marshall goes to the hospital and stays there under observation. This marks the first time in the series that Jenna appears to be frightened. Marshall asks to see the Liars. While they're in her hospital room, Jenna asks if it's true that Hanna pulled her

"Adelaide Football Club"
the following season; despite winning twelve games, including defeating at the Adelaide Oval and finishing with a percentage of 104.1, the club finished 12th on the ladder, out of the finals for the first time since 2014. To the end of 2018, the Crows have won the fourth most AFL matches since the turn of the century. Adelaide currently has two guernsey designs which are used in different matches throughout the season. The home guernsey features navy blue, red and gold hoops. It is worn at all matches designated as home games for the club as well as in selected

the AFL and instead the Crows were, effectively, meant to be the 'state team' that was going to represent South Australia in the AFL. They are a composite team originally owned by the SANFL (later gaining independence) and played their first season in 1991. They won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals, and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 27-year history. The club is currently captained by Taylor Walker and coached by Don Pyke. Walker was appointed captain prior to the 2015 season, while Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015.

of the 2015 season (a season in which he won the club's best and fairest) and Don Pyke, a former premiership player and assistant coach with who had also been an assistant coach at Adelaide from 2005 to 2006, was appointed Adelaide's senior coach for at least three years. Adelaide was widely tipped to slide out of the finals in 2016 but the Crows proved to be one of the successes of the season, comfortably qualifying for a home elimination final and defeating by 62 points, before being eliminated the next week by eventual beaten grand finalists, in the semi-finals.

The club had a dominant 2017 season, winning their opening six games and never falling below second place for the entire season. Adelaide claimed their second McClelland Trophy as minor premiers. The Adelaide Crows entered the 2017 finals series as favourites for the premiership; they defeated and by 36 and 61 points respectively to qualify for the Grand Final, their first since 1998, where they faced . Despite starting as rampaging hot favourites, the Crows lost the match by 48 points and finished runners up for the first time in their history. The club struggled to replicate its 2017 form

longest-serving coach Neil Craig stepped down, handing the reins to assistant coach and former premiership captain Mark Bickley as caretaker for the remainder of the season. Under Bickley the club won three of their next four games, but lost their final two to and , finishing in 14th place with 7 wins and 15 losses, both club worsts. Scott Thompson won the Malcolm Blight Medal (best and fairest award) for the season. New coach Brenton Sanderson began his era at the club with a pre-season premiership in 2012 and followed up that success with an above-expectations regular season; the Crows

moved home matches to the newly redeveloped Adelaide Oval at the start of the 2014 season, though to this day the Crows retain their training and administrative headquarters at their old home stadium, Football Park. At the end of 2012, it was revealed that Adelaide had been found guilty of breaching the salary cap and tampering with the draft. As a sign of cooperation with the AFL, Adelaide forfeited themselves from the first two rounds of the 2012 draft. At a hearing at AFL House in Melbourne, both the Adelaide Crows and current CEO at the time, Steven Trigg, were

both fined $300,000 and $50,000 respectively. The Adelaide Football Club were also suspended from participating in the first two rounds of the 2013 draft. It's widely accepted to be the leagues biggest salary cap and list management scandal since Carlton in 2002. In March 2014, on the eve of the new season, the South Australian Football Commission announced it had struck a deal with the Adelaide Football Club which required the SANFL to transfer its ownership of the Crows' licence to the club, in exchange for payments totalling $11.326 million between 2013 and 2028. The arrangement marked the first time

Medal for the best and fairest player in the AFL in a three-way tie with Adam Goodes and Nathan Buckley. The Crows returned to finals in 2005 and recorded a famous win in what to this day remains the only Showdown match against rivals in the semi-finals. They then lost once more at the penultimate stage (preliminary final), to West Coast at Subiaco Oval by 16 points. This was a feat the club unfortunately repeated in 2006 when they again lost to West Coast in the preliminary final, this time at home and by an even smaller margin. Remarkably, Adelaide

undone at the penultimate stage, losing the Collingwood in the Preliminary Final at the MCG. Ben Hart won his second Malcolm Blight Medal in 2002, with Tyson Edwards finishing runner-up. Brett Burton led the Crows' goalkickers with 51. Hart and Mark Ricciuto were both named as All-Australians. Adelaide then extracted some revenge by defeating Collingwood in the pre-season competition in 2003, a first win of its kind for the club. The Crows' impressive 2003 season was eventually halted by the at the Gabba in the semi-finals. That season Adelaide captain Mark Ricciuto became the first Crow to win the Brownlow

had waned since the introduction of the ""clash"" guernsey, to the point where it was only used twice in 2007, against the Western Bulldogs in round 2 and Collingwood in round 22. In a few away matches that year, the club also continued to use the traditional ""home"" guernsey, something which had rarely been done since the away strip was introduced. In response to this, a new away guernsey was introduced in 2008 featuring more red and yellow with a flying crow on the front – similar in design to the mid-90s pre-season jumper. The clash guernsey was first introduced

"Scrooge McDuck"
2016 ""Mickey Mouse"" Christmas special, ""Duck the Halls"", after Young's death, John Kassir took over voicing Scrooge McDuck, however he later tweeted that he won't be reprising his role in the reboot. Kassir continues to voice the character in subsequent appearances in this series. Scrooge makes a cameo appearance in the ""Legend of the Three Caballeros"" episode ""Shangri-La-Di-Da"", voiced by Eric Bauza. In the new ""DuckTales,"" Scrooge is played by Scottish actor David Tennant, who brings both the nephews and Donald into his home at the end of the series premier. This series shows that Scrooge previously adventured with his

"David Tennant"
""Kinect Sports Rivals"". On 9 February 2015, Tennant appeared on the Radio 4 panel show ""Just a Minute"", becoming the show's most successful debut contestant. Between March and June 2017 Tennant will appear in Patrick Marber's ""Don Juan in Soho"" at the Wyndham's Theatre. Also in 2017, he took over as the voice of Scrooge McDuck for Disney XD's ""DuckTales"" reboot, replacing the character's longtime voice actor Alan Young, who died in May 2016. Tennant was named ""Coolest Man on TV"" of 2007 in a Radio Times survey. He won the National Television Awards award for Most Popular Actor in

"DuckTales (2017 TV series)"
cast from the original series would not be returning for the reboot, which made him ""heartsick"" at the news. The new voice cast for the series was revealed on December 16, 2016 in a video where they sing an a cappella version of the original theme song in promotion of the news. The following May, Lin-Manuel Miranda was announced as the voice of Fenton Crackshell-Cabrera / Gizmoduck. The character was changed to being Latino due to Lin-Manuel's heritage and because Angones felt that there were not enough positive Latino superheroes. In June, more cast members, including Tony Anselmo reprising his

"Duck Duck Goose (film)"
for a worldwide total of $15,299,974. It was originally intended to be theatrically released in the United States by Open Road Films on April 20, 2018 before being removed from the release schedule, and ultimately ending up as a Netflix original film, with a projected release of July 20. Duck Duck Goose (film) Duck Duck Goose is a 2018 computer-animated comedy film directed by Chris Jenkins and starring the voices of Jim Gaffigan, Zendaya and Carl Reiner. An international co-production between the United States and China, the film was released in China in March 2018 with an intended North American

"Queer Duck"
film reunites the original creators and cast of Queer Duck, plus special guest stars Conan O'Brien as himself, Tim Curry as Peccery the butler, Jeff Glen Bennett as the main antagonist; a homophobic bigoted priest named Reverend Vandergelding, Mark Hamill as a hot dog vendor, Bruce Vilanch as himself, Andy Dick as former drag queen Rex (formerly Regina), Jackie Hoffman as Broadway actress Lola Buzzard, April Winchell doing additional voices and David Duchovny as ""Tiny Jesus"". Gay-themed channel Logo premiered the film on July 16. The film focuses on Queer Duck struggling with his sexuality and love crisis between his

Duck Duck Goose (film) Duck Duck Goose is a 2018 computer-animated comedy film directed by Chris Jenkins and starring the voices of Jim Gaffigan, Zendaya and Carl Reiner. An international co-production between the United States and China, the film was released in China in March 2018 with an intended North American theatrical release date of April 2018; it was quietly pulled from the schedule and was made available on Netflix on July 20, 2018. Peng is a carefree goose whose flock is migrating in China. His attitude and demeanor is disapproved by leader Bing, who he and his flock abandon

uncles' strained relationship and the unexplained disappearance of Huey, Dewey, and Louie's mother and Donald's twin sister Della Duck. The show's main voice cast includes: Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones grew up watching the original series, and had always wanted to develop an updated version for a newer generation. Youngberg said, ""We're hoping that in thirty years, the kids who watch our show will then be bringing back the next version of ""DuckTales"" because they loved what we did so much."" In May 2015, Terry McGovern, the original voice of Launchpad McQuack, stated in an interview that the entire voice

"DuckTales: Remastered"
them. Capcom first announced the game at PAX East 2013 on March 22, 2013. While full development of the game started in late 2011, Disney and Capcom were previously discussing the possibility of a remake from 2010. The game's backgrounds and layouts were created by Disney Television artists Mike Peraza and Rick Evans. The game features full voice acting for the characters, including the then surviving members of the original animated series cast, such as Alan Young reprising his role as Scrooge McDuck and June Foray as Magica De Spell. ""DuckTales: Remastered"" features new music composed by Jake Kaufman. In

voices of antagonist Joseph Bertrand III in ""Infamous 2"" and newcomer Charlie Cutter in """". McTavish has also provided additional voices for ""What's New, Scooby-Doo?"", ""Heavenly Sword"", """", """" and """". McTavish appeared in the 2011 film ""The Wicker Tree"", Robin Hardy's sequel to his 1973 film, ""The Wicker Man"" and played Dwalin in Peter Jackson's ""The Hobbit"" trilogy. In September 2013, it was announced that McTavish had been cast as Dougal MacKenzie in the television series ""Outlander"" on Starz. The series is an adaption of the bestselling novels by author Diana Gabaldon. The series premiered on 9 August 2014

"Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween"
October 12, 2018. The film was later renamed ""Goosebumps: Slappy’s Revenge"", and its new leading cast members were set as Madison Iseman, Ben O'Brien, Caleel Harris and Jeremy Ray Taylor (O'Brien did not appear in the finished film). Ken Jeong, Chris Parnell and Wendi McLendon-Covey joined the following month. Filming began on March 7, and in April 2018 the title was renamed again, to ""Haunted Halloween"". It was initially stated by Sony representatives that Avery Lee Jones, who puppeteered Slappy in the film, would also voice the character. Jack Black returned for the film as Stine, and it was later

state the process that divides one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei

Karyogamy
Karyogamy Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei. Before karyogamy, each haploid cell has one complete copy of the organism's genome. In order for karyogamy to occur, the cell membrane and cytoplasm of each cell must fuse with the other in a process known as plasmogamy. Once within the joined cell membrane, the nuclei are referred to as pronuclei. Once the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and pronuclei fuse together, the resulting single cell is diploid, containing two copies of the genome. This diploid

Karyogamy
egg's nucleus. The two pronuclei migrate toward each other and then fuse to form a diploid cell. Karyogamy Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei. Before karyogamy, each haploid cell has one complete copy of the organism's genome. In order for karyogamy to occur, the cell membrane and cytoplasm of each cell must fuse with the other in a process known as plasmogamy. Once within the joined cell membrane, the nuclei are referred to as pronuclei. Once the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and

Mitosis
Mitosis In cell biology, mitosis () is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the number of chromosomes is maintained. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell

"Cell division"
the first time, by Kurt Michelwith, using a phase-contrast microscope. Cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of

Cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. Homologous chromosomes are separated

Heterokaryon
Heterokaryon A heterokaryon is a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei. Heterokaryotic and heterokaryosis are derived terms. This is a special type of syncytium. This can occur naturally, such as in the mycelium of fungi during sexual reproduction, or artificially as formed by the experimental fusion of two genetically different cells, as e.g., in hybridoma technology. A medical example is a heterokaryon composed of nuclei from Hurler syndrome and Hunter syndrome. Both of these diseases result in problems in mucopolysaccharide metabolism. However, a heterokaryon of nuclei from both of these diseases exhibits normal mucopolysaccharide metabolism, proving that the two

"Mark Lowry"
Mark Lowry Mark Alan Lowry (born June 24, 1958) is an American Christian singer, comedian, and songwriter. He is known for co-writing the song ""Mary, Did You Know?"" and being a member of the Gaither Vocal Band from 1988 to 2001, and 2009 to 2013, along with Michael English, David Phelps and Bill Gaither. Lowry has recorded twelve albums, both music and comedy. Lowry was born in Houston, Texas, to Charles, an attorney, and Beverly Lowry. He often uses anecdotes of his young life in his comedy, as well as speaking of his experience with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder

November 6, 1931 (Victor 22857). An uptempo variation with a slightly different melody was the theme song for ""The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet"" radio show, as well as the theme song for the ending credits of many episodes of the TV show. Mary (I'm in Love with You) ""Mary (I'm in Love with You)"" is an American popular song of 1931, written by J. Fred Coots and Ozzie Nelson. Nelson and his orchestra recorded the song on November 25, 1931 (Brunswick E37427). The recording starts off straight and ""sweet"" but progresses into an early swing style. He sang: ""Mary,

with Bill Gaither and Phil Brower. Starting in March 2011, he has been a frequent co-host of the TV show ""Red Letter Christians"" with Tony Campolo. Lowry is single and has no children. He has a brother, sister, three nieces and three nephews. Mark Lowry Mark Alan Lowry (born June 24, 1958) is an American Christian singer, comedian, and songwriter. He is known for co-writing the song ""Mary, Did You Know?"" and being a member of the Gaither Vocal Band from 1988 to 2001, and 2009 to 2013, along with Michael English, David Phelps and Bill Gaither. Lowry has recorded

"Taxi Mary"
11 on the Kent Music Report in Australia. 7"" (Mushroom – K-8818) Taxi Mary ""Taxi Mary"" is a pop song written by Jeff Burstin, Joe Camilleri, Tony Faehse and recorded by Australian musician Jo Jo Zep and Jane Clifton (who is uncredited on the song). The song was released in September 1982 as the lead single from Jo Jo Zep's seventh studio album, ""Cha"" (1982). Joe Camilleri later said the song came at a time when ""we weren't looking too good on the charts. I needed a hair transplant, I needed some work on my teeth, I needed platform shoes

Taxi Mary ""Taxi Mary"" is a pop song written by Jeff Burstin, Joe Camilleri, Tony Faehse and recorded by Australian musician Jo Jo Zep and Jane Clifton (who is uncredited on the song). The song was released in September 1982 as the lead single from Jo Jo Zep's seventh studio album, ""Cha"" (1982). Joe Camilleri later said the song came at a time when ""we weren't looking too good on the charts. I needed a hair transplant, I needed some work on my teeth, I needed platform shoes and to put my kids through University"". The song peaked at number

Dre's budding romance with Meiying. These kids have yet to hit puberty and already they're swooning for each other."" The film was released on June 11, 2010 by Columbia Pictures to 3,663 theaters across the United States. ""The Karate Kid"" topped the box office on its opening day, grossing $18.8 million, and in its opening weekend, grossing $56 million in North America, beating ""The A-Team"", which grossed an estimated $9.6 million on the same opening day, and $26 million in its opening weekend. It closed on September 18, 2010, after 101 days of release, grossing $176.7 million in the US

rating of 88% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 43 reviews, its consensus reads: ""Utterly predictable and wholly of its time, but warm, sincere, and difficult to resist, due in large part to Pat Morita and Ralph Macchio's relaxed chemistry."" On its release, Roger Ebert called the film one of the year's best, gave it four stars out of four, and described it as an ""exciting, sweet-tempered, heart-warming story with one of the most interesting friendships in a long time."" Janet Maslin of ""The New York Times"" also gave a positive review. Upon release of the 2010 remake, Dana

Stevens wrote, ""The 1984 original ... may have seemed like a standard-issue inspirational sports picture at the time, but (as with another box-office hit of the same year, ""The Terminator"") a generation of remove reveals what a well-crafted movie it actually was. Rewatched today, the original ""Kid"", directed by ""Rocky""s John G. Avildsen, feels smart and fresh, with a wealth of small character details and a leisurely middle section that explores the boy's developing respect for his teacher."" The film spawned a franchise of related items and memorabilia such as action figures, head bands, posters, T-shirts, and a video game.

The Karate Kid The Karate Kid is a 1984 American martial arts drama film produced by Jerry Weintraub, directed by John G. Avildsen, and written by Robert Mark Kamen. It stars Ralph Macchio, Pat Morita, and Elisabeth Shue, as well as William Zabka, who portrays the main protagonist. It is an underdog story in the mold of a previous success with ""Rocky"" (1976), which Avildsen also directed. The film features the Gōjū-ryū, Gōjū Kai style of karate. ""The Karate Kid"" was a commercial success upon release and garnered critical acclaim, earning Morita a nomination for the Academy Award for Best

available due to prior commitments to film ""Conan the Destroyer"" (1984), though he would eventually play a similar role in the film ""Sidekicks"" (1992). According to Randee Heller, two days after she was cast, Jerry Weintraub informed her that they intended to replace her with Valerie Harper. John G. Avildsen said that after seeing Harper's audition they decided not to replace Heller after all. Filming began on October 31, 1983, and wrapped on December 16, 1983. The musical score for ""The Karate Kid"" was composed by Bill Conti, a frequent collaborator of director John G. Avildsen since their initial pairing

and Canada along with an additional $182 million overseas for a worldwide total of $358 million, on a moderate budget of $40 million. People's Choice Awards 2011 2011 Kids' Choice Awards 2011 MTV Video Music Aid Japan 2011 MTV Movie Awards 32nd Young Artist Awards 2010 Teen Choice Awards Shortly after the films release, a sequel was in development with Jaden Smith, Jackie Chan and Taraji P. Henson reprising their roles as Dre Parker, Mr. Han and Sherry Parker respectively. Breck Eisner was initially set to direct, but in June 2014 the film had gained new writers and lost Eisner

"Bruce Malmuth"
Bruce Malmuth Bruce Malmuth (February 4, 1934 - June 29, 2005) was an American filmmaker, best known for his work in the action and thriller genres and for his acting role in ""The Karate Kid"" film franchise. Malmuth was the brother of Daniel S. Malmuth, an executive for Columbia Pictures and second unit director. Malmuth began making documentaries while serving in the Army, where he met baseball announcer Walter Red Barber. After his military career, Malmuth directed the New York Yankee games at WPIX radio before entering the film and television industry. Malmuth's directoral debut was ""Fore Play"", a anthology

Karate Cop Karate Cop is a 1991 direct-to-video martial arts action film. It is the sequel to the film ""Omega Cop"". It is set in the post-apocalyptic near-future about a karate-trained police officer struggling to keep order in a chaotic, unstable totalitarian society. It stars Ronald L. Marchini in the main role; David Carradine makes a cameo appearance. An environmental holocaust happened because the sun created an onslaught of solar flares made up of red-hot, radiation-ridden plasma that nearly destroyed Earth. This left the atmosphere ridden with solar radiation and increased the global temperature greatly. This catastrophe left almost every

"Santería"
origins and strongholds of Cuban Lucumí culture and religion. To become a ""Santero"" or ""Santera"" (Priest or Priestess of Santería), the initiator must go through an intensive week-long initiation process in which the teaching of the ritual skills and moral behavior occurs informally and nonverbally. To begin with, the initiator goes through what is called a cleansing ritual. The initiator's ""Padrino"" (godfather) cleanses the head with special herbs and water. The ""Padrino"" rubs the herbs and water in a specific pattern of movements into the scalp of the head. However, if a person is entering Santería for the need of

represent Osún. This ritual begins a formal and lifelong relationship that the initiate will have with these Orichás, as the orichás devote their energies to protecting and providing for the initiate on their path. The last ritual of the initiation process is known as ""Asiento"" (ascending the throne), and is the most important and the most secretive ritual in Santería, as it is the ceremony where the ""iyawo"" (bride of the oricha) becomes ""born again"" into the faith. This ritual is a culmination of the previous rituals, and cannot be made unless the others have been completed. Asiento is a

process of purification and divination whereby the initiated becomes like a newborn baby and begins a new life of deeper growth within the faith. Once the initiation is completed, depending on the individuals ""house"", there is a year-long waiting period, known as ""iyaboraje"", in which the newly appointed Priest and Priestess can not perform cleansings and other remedies. It is a time where the ""Iyawo"" or Bride of the ""Orichá"" must follow a strict regimen of wearing all white and must avoid physical contact with those who have not been initiated. Once the """" has been completed there will be

healing, they will undergo the """" (blessing of the head), in which coconut water and cotton are applied on the head to feed it. Once cleansed, there are four major initiation rituals that the initiator will have to undergo: obtaining the ""elekes"" (beaded necklace), receiving ""Los Guerreros"" (the Warriors), making ""Ocha"" (Saint), and ""Asiento"" (ascending the throne). The first ritual is known as the acquisition of the beaded necklaces (known as ""ilekes""); according to De La Torre, ""the colors and patterns of the beads on the ilekes will be those of the orichá that serves as the iyawo's (bride) ruling

interchangeably among practitioners.) Spanish colonial planters who saw the enslaved African people celebrating on saints' days did not know that they were actually performing rituals related to ""Orichás"", and assumed that they were showing more interest in Catholic saints than in the Christian God—hence the origin of the term Santería. The historical veiling of the relationship between Catholic saints and Orichás is compounded by the fact that the vast majority of ""santeros"" in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, are also Roman Catholics, have been baptized, and often require initiates to be baptized in Roman Catholicism as well. The

an end of year ceremony, which will enable the Priest or Priestess to consult clients, perform cleansings, provide remedies and perform initiations. And according to Gonzalez: ""they are also regarded as royalty in the religion, as they are considered representatives of the ""Orichás"" and are vested with the power to work with the forces of those ""Orichás"" in full."" With Santería rituals there are musical ceremonies and prayers that are referred to as ""bembé"", """", or ""tambor"". It is a celebration dedicated to an ""Orichá"", where the ""batá"" drums (set of three drums known as the ""iya"" (the largest drum),

but not limited to Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Panama, and Colombia. There is also a large population who practice it in the United States. In 2001, there were an estimated 22,000 practitioners in the US alone, but the number may be higher as some practitioners may be reluctant to disclose their religion on a government census or to an academic researcher. Of those living in the United States, some are fully committed priests and priestesses, others are godchildren or members of a particular house-tradition, and many are non-committal clients seeking help with their everyday problems. A similar

Then, based on his findings, he chooses materials that will be used to construct the image of the Eleguá, a sculpture that is used to keep evil spirits away from the initiator's home. This ritual is only prepared by men as the orichás take some of the Santero's ""manly"" spirit in the process. The third ritual, known as ""receiving the warriors"", is a ritual where the initiated receives objects from their padrino that represents the warriors; Iron tools to represent Ogún; an iron bow and arrow to represent Ochosi; and an iron or silver chalice surmounted by a rooster to

head and guardian angel and so the first thing that must be done is to determine who the orichá is. The ""ilekes"" necklace is bathed in a mixture of herbs, sacrificial blood, and other potent substances and given to the initiated. The initiate most often receives the necklace of the five most powerful and popular ""oricha"", as the multicolored beads of the ""ilekes"" are each patterned for the primary ""Orishás"" (Eleguá, Obatalá, Yemayá, Changó, and Ochún), and they serve as a sacred point of contact with these ""Orishás"". When the necklace is received, the initiated must bow over a bathtub

"Made man"
burn in Hell if I betray the oath of ""Omertà"","" or ""As burns this saint, so will burn my soul. I enter alive and I will have to get out dead."" After the induction ceremony the ""associate"" becomes a ""made man"" and holds the rank of soldier (Italian: ""soldato"") in the Mafia hierarchy. He is given responsibilities and receives benefits. A made man enjoys the full protection and backing of the Mafia establishment as long as he remains in favor and earns enough money, a percentage of which must be passed up the hierarchy. A made man is traditionally seen

"Addressing mode"
almost every instruction. For example, the operation < a := b + c; > can be done using the sequence < load b; add c; store a; > -- the destination (the accumulator) is implied in every ""load"" and ""add"" instruction; the source (the accumulator) is implied in every ""store"" instruction. Later computers generally had more than one general purpose register or RAM location which could be the source or destination or both for arithmetic—and so later computers need some other addressing mode to specify the source and destination of arithmetic. Among the x86 instructions, some use implicit registers for

However, only a small portion of memory can be accessed (64 kilobytes, if the offset is 16 bits). The 16-bit offset may seem very small in relation to the size of current computer memories (which is why the 80386 expanded it to 32-bit). It could be worse: IBM System/360 mainframes only have an unsigned 12-bit offset. However, the principle of locality of reference applies: over a short time span, most of the data items a program wants to access are fairly close to each other. This addressing mode is closely related to the indexed absolute addressing mode. ""Example 1"": Within

the value being added to the next instruction was large enough, it could modify the opcode of that instruction as well as or instead of the address. Addressing mode Addressing modes are an aspect of the instruction set architecture in most central processing unit (CPU) designs. The various addressing modes that are defined in a given instruction set architecture define how machine language instructions in that architecture identify the operand(s) of each instruction. An addressing mode specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in registers and/or constants contained within a machine instruction

"Address bus"
Address bus An address bus is a computer bus (a series of lines connecting two or more devices) that is used to specify a physical address. When a processor or DMA-enabled device needs to read or write to a memory location, it specifies that memory location on the address bus (the value to be read or written is sent on the data bus). The width of the address bus determines the amount of memory a system can address. For example, a system with a 32-bit address bus can address 2 (4,294,967,296) memory locations. If each memory location holds one byte,

not to have an ""addressing mode"". The second interpretation allows for machines such as VAX which use operand mode bits to allow for a register or for a literal operand. Only the first interpretation applies to instructions such as ""load effective address"". The addressing modes listed below are divided into code addressing and data addressing. Most computer architectures maintain this distinction, but there are, or have been, some architectures which allow (almost) all addressing modes to be used in any context. The instructions shown below are purely representative in order to illustrate the addressing modes, and do not necessarily reflect

"Physical address"
Physical address In computing, a physical address (also real address, or binary address), is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a ""particular"" storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory mapped I/O device. In a computer supporting virtual memory, the term ""physical address"" is used mostly to differentiate from a ""virtual address"". In particular, in computers utilizing a memory management unit (MMU) to translate memory addresses, the virtual and physical addresses refer to an address before and

Addressing mode Addressing modes are an aspect of the instruction set architecture in most central processing unit (CPU) designs. The various addressing modes that are defined in a given instruction set architecture define how machine language instructions in that architecture identify the operand(s) of each instruction. An addressing mode specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in registers and/or constants contained within a machine instruction or elsewhere. In computer programming, addressing modes are primarily of interest to those who write in assembly languages and to compiler writers. Note that there is no

its successors, and most reduced instruction set computer (RISC) designs, encode this information within the instruction. Thus, the latter machines have three distinct instruction codes for copying one register to another, copying a literal constant into a register, and copying the contents of a memory location into a register, while the VAX has only a single ""MOV"" instruction. The term ""addressing mode"" is itself subject to different interpretations: either ""memory address calculation mode"" or ""operand accessing mode"". Under the first interpretation, instructions that do not read from memory or write to memory (such as ""add literal to register"") are considered

"OSI model"
protocols specify any programming interfaces, other than deliberately abstract service specifications. Protocol specifications precisely define the interfaces between different computers, but the software interfaces inside computers, known as network sockets are implementation-specific. For example, Microsoft Windows' Winsock, and Unix's Berkeley sockets and System V Transport Layer Interface, are interfaces between applications (layer 5 and above) and the transport (layer 4). NDIS and ODI are interfaces between the media (layer 2) and the network protocol (layer 3). Interface standards, except for the physical layer to media, are approximate implementations of OSI service specifications. The design of protocols in the TCP/IP model

an addressing mode on some computers. In this example, all the operands are in registers, and the result is placed in a register. This is sometimes referred to as 'base plus displacement' The offset is usually a signed 16-bit value (though the 80386 expanded it to 32 bits). If the offset is zero, this becomes an example of ""register indirect"" addressing; the effective address is just the value in the base register. On many RISC machines, register 0 is fixed at the value zero. If register 0 is used as the base register, this becomes an example of ""absolute addressing"".

jawaharlal nehru centre for advanced scientific research jakkur campus

"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research"
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) is a multidisciplinary research institute located at Jakkur, Bangalore, India. It was established by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India, to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Researchers at the centre are divided into seven units: Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Engineering Mechanics, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Molecular biology and Genetics, New Chemistry, Theoretical Sciences, Educational Technology and Geodynamics. There are two off-campus units: Chemical Biology and Condensed Matter Theory. JNCASR has a faculty-to-student ratio of about

the treetops. The institute has a HIV research lab dedicated to the study of Subtype C and it's global dominance. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) is a multidisciplinary research institute located at Jakkur, Bangalore, India. It was established by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India, to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Researchers at the centre are divided into seven units: Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Engineering Mechanics, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology, Molecular biology and Genetics, New Chemistry, Theoretical Sciences, Educational Technology

"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur"
endeavors while leading to Salvation. MNIT's 317-acre campus is located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) from Jaipur International Airport. It is 6 miles (10 km) from Pink City and is within walking distance from business district and therefore the two locations are frequent getaways for MNIT students. The vast campus is lush green and has a hill out of Aravali Ranges. Numerous buildings, clusters constitute the campus. To the west are the departmental buildings, research laboratories, associations and club buildings, lecture theatres, bank (ICICI Bank), post office, canteens, lawns, auditoriums, main building, computer centre; to the east

Jakkur
Jakkur Jakkur (also spelled Jakkuru) is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal, the area is best known for the Jakkur Aerodrome and Jakkur lake. The Jakkur Aerodrome, spread over 200 acres, was opened in 1948 and is the only dedicated general aviation field in the city. The Government Flying Training School (GFTS), one of the oldest flying schools in the country, is located in Jakkur. The Jakkur lake is a 160-acre lake constructed over two centuries ago to cater to the water

received Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award. Maneesha S. Inamdar was awarded the National Bioscience Award for Career Development in 2011. The institute has received 12 patents from various countries as of November 2013. It is recognized as ""highest impact"" institution based on Science Citation Index for 2010-11. As of March 2014, the institute is planning to have a Supercomputer for Materials research, Forensic engineering and Failure analysis. , V. Nagaraja is the president of JNCASR. The architecturally innovative buildings on the campus blend inobtrusively into several acres of lush landscape, with only the buckyball dome (designed by Charles Correa) rising above

"Jadavpur University"
emblem was created to commemorate the occasion, and the motto 'To Know Is To Grow' was coined. This date was also the centenary of the National Council of Education. Jadavpur University is semi-residential, which at present operates out of two urban campuses: one in Jadavpur () and another in Salt Lake (). Jadavpur University has recently acquired the erstwhile National Instruments Limited (CSIR), becoming the first Indian university to acquire such a research unit. It is on a nine-acre plot opposite the main campus. After renovation, the new campus is expected to add much-needed space for new laboratories especially for

Cloud has features of automated provisioning of IT resources, single interface for administrator for entire IT infrastructure and work load elasticity. It is used for Library digitization, E-mail archival, hosting various services/applications and Research on cloud computing by Ph.D. and M.Tech. students. Vivekananda Lecture Hall complex will have 40 class rooms that could accommodate about 5,500 students at a time. It will have a food court in its basement. Its construction was started on 19 September 2012. It holds the record of being Asia's Largest Lecture Theatre Complex. Among other facilities, each hostel is equipped with Wi-fi and/or LAN, and

"Rabindranath Tagore University"
offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research programs in academic disciplines classified under different faculties including Engineering & Technology, Science, Arts, Commerce, Management, Law, Education and Paramedical. Rabindranath Tagore University is located in the outskirts of Bhopal – the city of Lakes and the Capital of Madhya Pradesh, the central state of India. The university is about 15 km away from town, in a hilly terrain with a rural back drop, built in 50 acres of lush green self contained campus, operating from wide spread 15 independent building blocks. It has all the convenience & comfort of a cosmopolitan city and also

"Mechi Multiple Campus"
Mechi Multiple Campus Mechi Multiple Campus () is a constituent campus of Tribhuvan University in Bhadrapur municipality of Jhapa district. Founded in 1964, it is the only constituent campus of Tribhuvan University in the district. As of September 2014, there were 109 academic and 54 administrative staffs employed at the college. Since June 2016, the college administration has been headed by Kamal Guragain, who is often referred to as ""campus chief"". To begin with, the college offered an Intermediate of Arts (IA) program in humanities, which was soon followed by undergraduate programs. At present, the college runs undergraduate and postgraduate

"Jai Narain Vyas University"
Jai Narain Vyas University Jai Narain Vyas University (JNVU, formerly known as University of Jodhpur) is an educational institution in Jodhpur city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Established in 1962, the university took over the four colleges of Jodhpur run by the state government. In 2005 the university became the first in its state to receive an ""A"" grade ranking by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. The university maintained this grade for five years until a shortage of resources saw its accreditation lowered to a ""B"". The institution is the only residential university in the state, catering mainly

"Shopping mall"
The fourth largest shopping mall in the world is SM City North EDSA in Quezon City, Philippines with a gross floor area of and the fifth largest shopping mall is 1 Utama in Malaysia at of gross floor area. The most visited shopping mall in the world and largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America, located near the Twin Cities in Bloomington, Minnesota. However, several Asian malls are advertised as having more visitors, including Mal Taman Anggrek, Kelapa Gading Mall and Pluit Village, all in Jakarta, Indonesia; Berjaya Times Square in Malaysia; SM City North EDSA,

"Ala Moana Center"
Ala Moana Center The Ala Moana Center, commonly known simply as Ala Moana, is a large open-air shopping mall in the Ala Moana neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. Owned by Brookfield Retail Group, Ala Moana is the seventh largest shopping mall in the United States and the largest open-air shopping center in the world. Ala Moana is consistently ranked among the most successful malls in the world. With assets totaling $5.74 billion as of January 2018, it is the most valuable shopping mall in the United States. Before the construction of the mall, the land was a swamp. Dredging projects nearby

"Palisades Center"
Palisades Center Palisades Center, often referred to as the Palisades Mall, in West Nyack, New York is the second-largest shopping mall in the New York metropolitan area, the eighth-largest in the United States by total area, and sixth-largest by gross leasable space. Built in the industrial style, the mall houses more than 200 stores and receives 20 million visitors a year. It is also one of the nation's most lucrative malls, producing $40 million in annual sales tax and $17 million in property taxes. Named after the nearby Palisades, which border the Hudson River and the eastern part of Rockland

# 1, Rick Bronson's House of Comedy, GameWorks, Dick's Last Resort, CMX Cinemas, and the first U.S. location of SMAAASH, a virtual reality sports entertainment center. During its run as an all-encompassing entertainment and retail venue, certain aspects, particularly its bars, have come under scrutiny. In early-2000 a Mardi Gras-themed bar, Fat Tuesday, shut its doors due to indecent exposure and alcohol-related offenses. On November 29, 2011, Google announced indoor maps for Mall of America along with several other places like airports, parks and public spaces. On January 3, 2012, Macy's Inc. announced it would close its Bloomingdale's location at

"Manhattan Mall"
Manhattan Mall The Manhattan Mall is an indoor shopping mall in New York City located at 33rd Street and Avenue of the Americas in the heart of Midtown Manhattan and home to dozens of well-known retailers. The mall is a high-traffic shopping venue that has included A&S and Stern's as anchor stores in the past. Currently, the major anchor store is JCPenney. Venture bought the building in 1999 for $135 million and sold it to Vornado Realty Trust in 2006 for $689 million. There are entrances to the 34th Street – Herald Square New York City Subway station and the

the Mall of America. The Theatres at Mall of America (Initially run by General Cinemas, bought out then rebranded by AMC Theatres, and eventually operated by mall management) occupied the south side of the fourth floor through December 2016, when it closed permanently. It was replaced by Cinemex subsidiary CMX Cinemas in fall 2017. Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park in the center of the mall. The park features roller coasters, among numerous other rides and attractions, and is the largest indoor theme park in the United States. Unlike many indoor amusement parks, Nickelodeon Universe has a great deal

"Christmas pudding"
in England. As techniques for meat preserving improved in the 18th century, the savoury element of both the mince pie and the plum pottage diminished as the sweet content increased. People began adding dried fruit and sugar. The mince pie kept its name, though the pottage was increasingly referred to as ""plum pudding"". Although the latter was always a celebratory dish it was originally eaten at the Harvest festival, not Christmas. It was not until the 1830s that the cannonball of flour, fruits, suet, sugar and spices, all topped with holly, made a definite appearance, becoming more and more associated

Jell-O
products such as frozen Jell-O Pops (in gelatin and pudding varieties); the new Sugar-Free Jell-O, which replaced D-Zerta in 1984 and was sweetened with NutraSweet; Jell-O Jigglers concentrated gummi snacks; and Sparkling Jell-O, a carbonated version of the dessert touted as the ""Champagne of Jell-O."" In 2010, Cosby returned as Jell-O spokesperson in an on-line web series called ""OBKB."" In the 1980s, a Jell-O advertising campaign slogan reminded consumers, ""Don't forget—you have to remember to make it."" In 1990, General Foods merged into Kraft Foods by parent company Philip Morris (now the Altria Group). New flavors were continually introduced: watermelon,

Quavers
shown in 1996 (animated by Aardman), which featured Quentin trying to catch a Quaver that had blown out of his bedroom window, ending with the slogan ""They're floaty light!"" Quavers Quavers are a British snack food, originally made by Smiths, and now produced by Walkers. Walkers, owned by PepsiCo, purchased the Quavers brand in 1997, when it became one of the Frito Lay International brand names. Quavers were launched in 1968 with the advertising slogan ""you get a lovely lot of Quavers in a bag"". Packaging described them as ""curly potato puffs"". In 2007, Walkers changed the packaging for all

Wotsits
Wotsits were one of the sponsors of SMTV Live (alongside other Walkers snacks such as Monster Munch and Squares) from 4 January 2003 until the show's discontinuation on 27 December 2003. In 2003, the advertising agency Abbott Mead Vickers made a public apology when the Parliamentary Select Committee on Health brought to light a private brief that it had made to Frito-Lay (Walkers' owners) where it proposed encouraging children (4 to 9 years old) to believe that ""Wotsits are for me—I'm going to buy them when I get the chance and pester Mum for them when she next goes shopping"".

"Pudding Pop"
Pudding Pop Pudding Pops, frosty ice pop treats originally made and marketed by Jell-O, were first launched with Bill Cosby acting as spokesperson. He marketed them as chocolate ""Puddin' Pops!"" With a creamy inside surprise. Pudding Pops originated in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in the 1970s in the United States of America. In its first year, it earned $100,000,000, and after 5 years, it was earning $300,000,000 a year. Despite strong sales into the 90s, Pudding Pops were eventually discontinued due to not being profitable. After being absent for a time, they were reintroduced to grocery stores under the ""Popsicle"" brand

Quavers
Quavers Quavers are a British snack food, originally made by Smiths, and now produced by Walkers. Walkers, owned by PepsiCo, purchased the Quavers brand in 1997, when it became one of the Frito Lay International brand names. Quavers were launched in 1968 with the advertising slogan ""you get a lovely lot of Quavers in a bag"". Packaging described them as ""curly potato puffs"". In 2007, Walkers changed the packaging for all their snack products, which were Quavers, Wotsits, Squares, French Fries and Monster Munch. This packaging reflected the usage of Sunseed Oil, which was used in all products. The Multipack

"Heinz Baked Beans"
Crescent"". In 1998, Heinz Baked Beans was voted one of 12 brands that citizens of the United Kingdom think best represents the final 10 years of the millennium. In 2008, ""Heinz Baked Beans"" were renamed ""Heinz Beanz"", as they are not actually 'baked' but stewed. Also, the original title was ""a bit of a mouthful to pronounce"", according to the company. In 2016 Heinz's advertising campaign featuring people using empty beans cans as musical instruments was banned by the Advertising Standards Authority on safety grounds. In 2001, the UK's Food Standards Agency found Heinz canned baked beans was one of

"Peek Freans"
their first bakery in Canada, located on Bermondsey Road in East York, Ontario, which still today produces Peek Freans branded products.. After 126 years, the London factory was closed by then owner BSN on Wednesday 26 May 1989. Left derelict for a long period, the former premises were eventually redeveloped into what today is called the Tower Bridge Business Complex. In late 2011, a tinned Christmas pudding was discovered at the back of a kitchen cupboard in Poole, Dorset. Donated to the museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard, it was a ""Peek, Frean & Co's Teetotal Plum Pudding—London, High Class Ingredients

Treets
peanut or toffee pellet in the other versions. All three were marketed with the slogan ""Melt in your mouth, not in your hand"" which was first used in 1967. The brand was discontinued by Mars in 1988. Chocolate Treets had already been replaced with the similar Minstrels. Peanut Treets were discontinued in favour of the multi-coloured Peanut M&M's. Toffee Treets were later sold as Relays, before being dropped altogether. Mars reintroduced the Peanut Treets brand in the UK, France and Germany in July 2009. Peanut M&Ms continue to be sold in the UK alongside Treets. Treets Treets are a brand

Wispa
contained mini Wispas. In April 2017, Bitsa Wispa 110g bags were released, alongside another 3 items including chocolate buttons and bite size flakes. In 2003 Cadbury made Dairy Milk into a family brand by taking existing brands and marketing them as Dairy Milk sub-brands. As part of this change, the Wispa brand was phased out and replaced by ""Dairy Milk Bubbly"". Since the discontinuation of the Wispa bar in 2003, a host of internet campaigns and an online petition to bring it back slowly gained momentum. During Iggy and the Stooges' 2007 performance at Glastonbury Festival, several Wispa fans invaded

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was a political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. American Patriots strongly opposed the taxes in the Townshend Act as a violation of their rights. Demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and

it arrived, the consignees had resigned, and the ship returned to England with the tea. In every colony except Massachusetts, protesters were able to force the tea consignees to resign or to return the tea to England. In Boston, however, Governor Hutchinson was determined to hold his ground. He convinced the tea consignees, two of whom were his sons, not to back down. When the tea ship ""Dartmouth"", arrived in the Boston Harbor in late November, Whig leader Samuel Adams called for a mass meeting to be held at Faneuil Hall on November 29, 1773. Thousands of people arrived, so

"Tea Act"
opposed the Stamp Act 1765 mobilized opposition to delivery and distribution of the tea. The company's authorised consignees were harassed, and in many colonies successful efforts were made to prevent the tea from being landed. In Boston, this resistance culminated in the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773, when colonists (some disguised as Native Americans, since they identified themselves as “Americans” and no longer considered themselves British subjects) boarded tea ships anchored in the harbour and dumped their tea cargo overboard. Parliamentary reaction to this event included passage of the Coercive Acts, designed to punish Massachusetts for its resistance,

to ""no taxation without representation"", that is, to be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented. In addition, the well-connected East India Company had been granted competitive advantages over colonial tea importers, who resented the move and feared additional infringement on their business. Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain. The Boston Tea Party was a significant event in the growth of the American Revolution.

threw the chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773. The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773. Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen

because the meeting was not yet over. While Samuel Adams tried to reassert control of the meeting, people poured out of the Old South Meeting House to prepare to take action. In some cases, this involved donning what may have been elaborately prepared Mohawk costumes. While disguising their individual faces was imperative, because of the illegality of their protest, dressing as Mohawk warriors was a specific and symbolic choice. It showed that the Sons of Liberty identified with America, over their official status as subjects of Great Britain. That evening, a group of 30 to 130 men, some dressed in

many that the meeting was moved to the larger Old South Meeting House. British law required ""Dartmouth"" to unload and pay the duties within twenty days or customs officials could confiscate the cargo (i.e. unload it onto American soil). The mass meeting passed a resolution, introduced by Adams and based on a similar set of resolutions promulgated earlier in Philadelphia, urging the captain of ""Dartmouth"" to send the ship back without paying the import duty. Meanwhile, the meeting assigned twenty-five men to watch the ship and prevent the tea – including a number of chests from Davison, Newman and Co.

and Charleston, protesters successfully compelled the tea consignees to resign. In Charleston, the consignees had been forced to resign by early December, and the unclaimed tea was seized by customs officials. There were mass protest meetings in Philadelphia. Benjamin Rush urged his fellow countrymen to oppose the landing of the tea, because the cargo contained ""the seeds of slavery"". By early December, the Philadelphia consignees had resigned and the tea ship returned to England with its cargo following a confrontation with the ship's captain. The tea ship bound for New York City was delayed by bad weather; by the time

Salah
Salah Salah (""prayer"", ; pl. '; also ""salat""), or Namāz () in some languages, is one of the Five Pillars in the faith of Islam and an obligatory religious duty for every Muslim (Male & Female, with certain exemptions based on Taqwa). It is a physical, mental, and spiritual act of worship that is observed five times every day at prescribed times. When they do this, they must face Mecca. In this ritual, the worshiper starts standing, bows, prostrates themself, and concludes while sitting on the ground. During each posture, the worshiper recites or reads certain verses, phrases and prayers.

Islam
as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are (1) the creed (Shahada), (2) daily prayers (Salah), (3) almsgiving (Zakat), (4) fasting during Ramadan (Sawm) and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) at least once in a lifetime. Both Shia and Sunni sects agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts. Apart from these, Muslims also perform other religious acts. Notable among them are charity (Sadaqah) and recitation of the Quran. The Shahadah, which is the basic creed of Islam that must be recited under oath with the specific statement: """""""",

Muslim
is essential to utter the ""Shahada"", one of the Five Pillars of Islam, a declaration of faith and trust that professes that there is only one God ""(Allah)"" and that Muhammad is God's messenger. It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ""lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh"" () ""There is no god but Allah, (and) Muhammad is the messenger of God."" In Sunni Islam, the shahada has two parts: ""la ilaha illa'llah"" (there is no god but God), and ""Muhammadun rasul Allah"" (Muhammad is the messenger of God), which are sometimes referred to as the first ""shahada"" and the

Islam
whole or part of the Quran as acts of virtue. Reciting the Quran with elocution has been described as an excellent act of worship. Pious Muslims recite the whole Quran at the month of Ramadan. In Islamic societies, any social program generally begins with the recitation of the Quran. One who has memorized the whole Quran is called a ""hafiz"" who, it is said, will be able to intercede for ten people on the Last Judgment Day. Apart from this, almost every Muslim memorizes some portion of the Quran because they need to recite it during their prayers. Sharia is

"Sunnah prayer"
Sunnah prayer Sunnah prayer () is an optional or supererogatory salah that can be performed by Muslims at almost any time of the day. These prayers are performed in addition to the five daily prayers, which are compulsory for all Muslims. There are a range of prayers available: some are done at the same time as the compulsory prayers, some are done only at certain times, e.g. late at night, and some are only done for specific occasions such as during a drought. All of these optional prayers were originally performed by Muhammad. Tahajjud () prayer is performed at night

Islam
or ""I testify that there is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God"" (). This testament is a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Muslims must repeat the ""shahadah"" in prayer, and non-Muslims wishing to convert to Islam are required to recite the creed. Ritual prayers are called Ṣalāh or Ṣalāt (Arabic: ). Salat is intended to focus the mind on God, and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Performing prayers five times a day is compulsory but flexibility in the timing specifics is allowed depending on

Shahada
of both ritual and worship. In a well-known hadith, Muhammad defines Islam as witnessing that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is God's messenger, giving of alms (""zakat""), performing the ritual prayer, fasting during the month of Ramadan and making a pilgrimage to the Kaaba: the ""five pillars"" of Islam are inherent in this declaration of faith. Recitation of the ""Shahādah"" is the most common statement of faith for Muslims. In Sunni Islam, it is counted as the first of the Five Pillars of Islam, while the Shi'i Twelvers and Isma'ilis also have the ""Shahada"" as among

"Procedures of the United States House of Representatives"
Procedures of the United States House of Representatives The United States Constitution provides that each ""House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,"" therefore each Congress of the United States, upon convening, approves its own governing rules of procedure. This clause has been interpreted by the courts to mean that a new Congress is not bound by the rules of proceedings of the previous Congress. Currently the procedures of the United States House of Representatives are governed by the Constitution, the House Rules, and Jefferson's ""Manual"". Prior to the adoption of the rules by the United States House of Representatives,

Executive Reports. It maintains databases which are updated irregularly with publications in a variety of electronic formats, including ASCII texts and Adobe's ""Portable Document Format"" or commonly known as ""pdf files""'. Congress also plays a role in presidential elections. Both Houses meet in joint session on the sixth day of January following a presidential election to count the electoral votes, and there are procedures to follow if no candidate wins a majority. The result of congressional activity is ultimately the creation of laws. It is a huge body of rulings contained in something called the ""United States Code"" arranged by

guides legislation; in the Senate, a Standing Rules committee is in charge. Each branch has its own traditions; for example, the Senate relies heavily on the practice of getting ""unanimous consent"" for noncontroversial matters. House and Senate rules can be complex, sometimes requiring a hundred specific steps before becoming a law. Members sometimes use experts such as Walter Oleszek, a senior specialist in American national government at the Congressional Research Service, to learn about proper procedures. Each bill goes through several stages in each house including consideration by a committee and advice from the Government Accountability Office. Most legislation is

and simple resolutions (passed by only one house) do not have the force of law but express the opinion of Congress or regulate procedure. Bills may be introduced by any member of either house. However, the Constitution states, ""All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives."" While the Senate cannot originate revenue and appropriation bills, it has power to amend or reject them. Congress has sought ways to establish appropriate spending levels. Each chamber determines its own internal rules of operation unless specified in the Constitution or prescribed by law. In the House, a Rules Committee

"Procedures of the United States Congress"
Speaker of the House except for the joint session to count electoral votes for President, when the Constitution requires the President of the Senate (the Vice President of the United States) to preside. Ideas for legislation can come from many areas, including members, lobbyists, state legislatures, constituents, legislative counsel, an executive agency such as the president or cabinet officer or executive agency, and the usual next step is for the proposal to be passed to a committee for review. A proposal has usually one of four principal forms: the bill, the joint resolution, the concurrent resolution, and the simple resolution.

"United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration"
the Joint Committee on Printing. The Committee was first created as the Select Committee to Revise the Rules of the Senate on December 3, 1867. On December 9, 1874, it became a standing committee. On January 2, 1947, its name was changed to the Committee on Rules and Administration, and it took over the functions of the following committees: Source: Source: to 297 United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration (also called the Senate Rules Committee) is responsible for the rules of the United States Senate, administration of congressional buildings, and with

United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration (also called the Senate Rules Committee) is responsible for the rules of the United States Senate, administration of congressional buildings, and with credentials and qualifications of members of the Senate, including responsibility for dealing with contested elections. The committee is not as powerful as its House counterpart, the House Committee on Rules as it does not set the terms of debate for individual legislative proposals, since the Senate has a tradition of open debate. Some members of the committee are also ex officio members of

feedback from the Government Accountability Office. Most legislation is considered by standing committees, each of which has jurisdiction over a particular subject matter, such as Agriculture or Appropriations. The House has twenty standing committees; the Senate has sixteen. Standing committees meet at least once each month. Almost all standing committee meetings for transacting business must be open to the public unless the committee votes, publicly, to close the meeting. Open committee meetings may be covered by the media. In some cases, bills may be sent to select committees, which tend to have more narrow jurisdictions than standing committees. If a

serve the people of the United States equally. The Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate. The name is derived from the ""senatus"", Latin for ""council of elders"" (from ""senex"" meaning ""old man"" in Latin). James Madison made the following comment about the Senate: The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that state's consent. The District of

"Punk literature"
influencing Tracey Emin, who was associated with them as a teenager. Members of the Medway Poets later formed the Stuckists art group. Charles Thomson's description of a Medway Poets performance highlights its difference from a traditional poetry reading: Bill Lewis jumped on a chair, threw his arms wide (at least once hitting his head on the ceiling) and pretended he was Jesus. Billy sprayed his poems over anyone too close to him and drank whisky excessively. Miriam told the world about her vagina. Rob and I did a joint performance posing, with little difficulty, as deranged, self-obsessed writers. Sexton finally

"Patrik Fitzgerald"
Patrik Fitzgerald Patrik Fitzgerald (born Patrick Joseph Fitzgerald, 19 March 1956, East London) is an English singer-songwriter and an originator of folk punk. The son of working-class Irish immigrant parents, he began recording and performing during the punk rock movement in 1977, after working briefly as an actor. His early songs were generally short, sarcastic efforts, recorded with just an acoustic guitar and occasional studio effects, with lyrics containing a large amount of social comment. Fitzgerald was soon regarded as an original of his genre, somewhere between a punk-poet and an urban folksinger, and was lauded in some circles as

the East End Film Festival. Patrik Fitzgerald Patrik Fitzgerald (born Patrick Joseph Fitzgerald, 19 March 1956, East London) is an English singer-songwriter and an originator of folk punk. The son of working-class Irish immigrant parents, he began recording and performing during the punk rock movement in 1977, after working briefly as an actor. His early songs were generally short, sarcastic efforts, recorded with just an acoustic guitar and occasional studio effects, with lyrics containing a large amount of social comment. Fitzgerald was soon regarded as an original of his genre, somewhere between a punk-poet and an urban folksinger, and was

"Walek Dzedzej"
Walek Dzedzej Cyril Danicki [SIH-ril dah-NEETZ-kee], pseudonym Walek Dzedzej [VAH-lek DZEH-dzey] (December 13, 1953 – October 7, 2006) was a Polish songwriter, poet and musician, renowned as his country's first punk rock performer. Walek Dzedzej was born Lesław [LES-lahv] Danicki in Warsaw. In later interviews, he expressed admiration for the music and poetry of Bob Dylan and spoke of his ambition to be known as the ""Polish Dylan"". The spirit of the age, however, was to take him in another musical direction. Political turmoil in the United States during the Vietnam War years of 1965-73 caused tremendous social, intellectual and

"Punk rock"
sex are common, as in ""Love Comes in Spurts"", written by Richard Hell and recorded by him with the Voidoids. Anomie, variously expressed in the poetic terms of Hell's ""Blank Generation"" and the bluntness of the Ramones' ""Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue"", is a common theme. Identifying punk with such topics aligns with the view expressed by V. Vale, founder of San Francisco fanzine ""Search and Destroy"": ""Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done

punk rock bands. Notable punk zines include ""Maximum RocknRoll"", ""Punk Planet"", ""Cometbus"", ""Girl Germs"", ""Kill Your Pet Puppy"", ""J.D.s"", ""Sniffin' Glue"", ""Absolutely Zippo"", ""Suburban Rebels"" and ""Punk Magazine"". Notable punk journalists and magazine contributors include Mykel Board, John Holmstrom, Robert Eggplant and Aaron Cometbus. Many punk poets are also musicians, including Richard Hell, Jim Carroll, Patti Smith, John Cooper Clarke, Nick Toczek, Raegan Butcher and Attila the Stockbroker. Carroll's autobiographical works are among the first-known examples of punk literature. The Medway Poets, an English punk poetry performance group founded in 1979, included punk musician Billy Childish. They are credited with

introduced us to his girlfriend, Mildred, who turned out to be a wig on a wadge of newspaper on the end of an iron pipe. Inspired by punk poet John Cooper Clarke and dub poet Linton Kwesi Johnson, a ""ranting poetry"" scene developed in the early 80s, which included performers such as ""Seething"" Wells, Joolz, Attila the Stockbroker, Porky the Poet, ""Teething"" Wells, Garry Johnson, The Big J, Little Brother, Swift Nick, Little Dave and Ginger John. Ranting poets often provided support at punk/new wave gigs and some went on to release their own records or appear on punk compilations.

and the Shadows of Knight predicted the style of later acts. In the early 1970s certain rock critics used the term ""punk rock"" to refer to mid-1960s garage bands and subsequent acts perceived to be in their stylistic tradition, such as the Stooges. In October 1967, Syd Barrett wrote a song in this style named Vegetable Man. He recorded it between the 9th and 11th October as one of his last contributions to Pink Floyd before being replaced by David Gilmour. Though the song remained officially unreleased until 2016, many think of it as one of the pioneering songs of

"Punk subculture"
Power"" described the LA scene from 1981 to 1984, and included show reviews of and interviews with such bands as Vancouver's D.O.A., the Misfits, Black Flag, Suicidal Tendencies and the Circle Jerks. ""My Rules"" was a photo zine that included photos of hardcore shows from across the US. ""In Effect"", which began in 1988, described the New York City scene. Punk poets include: Richard Hell, Jim Carroll, Patti Smith, John Cooper Clarke, Seething Wells, Raegan Butcher, and Attila the Stockbroker. The Medway Poets performance group included punk musician Billy Childish and had an influence on Tracey Emin. Jim Carroll's autobiographical

"John Cooper Clarke"
John Cooper Clarke John Cooper Clarke (born 25 January 1949) is an English performance poet who first became famous during the punk rock era of the late 1970s when he became known as a ""punk poet"". He released several albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and continues to perform regularly. His recorded output has mainly centred on musical backing from the Invisible Girls, which featured Martin Hannett, Steve Hopkins, Pete Shelley, Bill Nelson, and Paul Burgess. Clarke was born in Salford, Lancashire, in 1949. He lived in the Higher Broughton area of the city and became interested in

"Flashpoint (TV series)"
9, 2009 at 9 pm for a midseason start. In the United States and Canada, the remaining four episodes that were originally produced for Season 1 aired as a part of Season 2. CTV in Canada originally considered these episodes as part of Season 1; however, after the airing of the fourth episode (which was originally considered the final episode of Season 1), CTV changed the labelling of these four episodes and, following CBS, began considering them part of Season 2. CBS and CTV both ended Season 2 on May 25, 2009 after airing only the first nine episodes produced.

FlashForward
FlashForward FlashForward is an American television series, adapted for television by Brannon Braga and David S. Goyer, which aired for one season on ABC between September 24, 2009, and May 27, 2010. It is based on the 1999 novel ""Flashforward"" by Canadian science fiction writer Robert J. Sawyer. The series revolves around the lives of several people as a mysterious event causes nearly everyone on the planet to simultaneously lose consciousness for two minutes and seventeen seconds on October 6, 2009. During this blackout, people see what appear to be visions of their lives on April 29, 2010, a global

showrunner; after having served as consulting producer and writer on the first season's finale ""Fast Enough"". However, it was later reported that Kreisberg would be returning to sole showrunner duties at an unspecified time. That time was later proved to be at the start of 2016, ""Potential Energy"", when Stanton was no longer credited as being involved with the show. In May 2017, it was reported that Aaron Helbing would be departing the series. Helbing had served as a writer since the first season, and as co-showrunner, along with his brother Todd and Kreisberg, since the second. The costume was

"Saturday Night Live (season 43)"
Saturday Night Live (season 43) The forty-third season of the NBC comedy series ""Saturday Night Live"" premiered on September 30, 2017 during the 2017–2018 television season with host Ryan Gosling and musical guest Jay-Z, and concluded on May 19, 2018 with host Tina Fey and musical guest Nicki Minaj. Like the final four episodes of season 42, season 43 was broadcast live in all four time zones within the contiguous United States, with the exception of the Natalie Portman/Dua Lipa episode due to the network’s commitment to the NFL. Prior to the start of the season, Bobby Moynihan (a cast

"Saturday Night Live (season 42)"
Saturday Night Live (season 42) The forty-second season of the NBC comedy series ""Saturday Night Live"" premiered on October 1, 2016 during the 2016–2017 television season, with host Margot Robbie and musical guest The Weeknd, and concluded on May 20, 2017 with host Dwayne Johnson and musical guest Katy Perry. The season has a reduction of ads by 30% by removing two commercial breaks per episode in order to increase programming time. Episode 18 on April 15, 2017 was the first episode ever to be broadcast live in all four time zones within the contiguous United States. Until this episode,

"Last Night (Diddy song)"
Last Night (Diddy song) ""Last Night"" is a song by American rapper Diddy that is a single featured on his fourth studio album, ""Press Play"". The song features American R&B singer-songwriter Keyshia Cole. The radio edit version of the song is featured on Cole's second studio album, ""Just like You"". Part of the recording session was shown on Cole's reality show, """", on BET in July 2006. The making of the video was shown on BET's ""Access Granted"" on January 31, 2007. The song has an '80s-styled beat. The song samples the drumbeat of Prince's ""Erotic City"", but slightly modified

President Donald Trump. With his return, Kenan Thompson surpasses Darrell Hammond's record as the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history, with fifteen seasons compared to Hammond's fourteen. This was the only season for first-year featured player Luke Null, who was let go after the season's end. Prior to the start of the season, the show added Steven Castillo, Andrew Dismukes, Claire Friedman, Sam Jay, Erik Marino, Nimesh Patel, and Gary Richardson to the writing staff. Also prior to the season, head writers Chris Kelly and Sarah Schneider departed the show. On December 12, 2017, Jost and Che were named

"Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special"
music director), Debbie Harry, Kevin Hart, Birgen Hartman (daughter of Phil Hartman), Sean Hayes, Grace Hightower, Melanie Hutsell, Victoria Jackson, Colin Jost, Jon Bon Jovi, Kim Kardashian, Chris Kattan, Tim Kazurinsky, Gary Kroeger, Kings of Leon, Robert Klein, Kevin Kline, Johnny Knoxville, David Koechner, Jane Krakowski, Gary Kroeger, Matt Lauer, Lucy Liu, Chris Lowell, George Lucas, Ludacris, Natasha Lyonne, Kyle MacLachlan, Eli Manning, Penny Marshall, MC Hammer, Dylan McDermott, John McEnroe, Bennett Miller, Finesse Mitchell, Kyle Mooney, Mumford & Sons, Randy Newman, Joanna Newsom, Don Novello, Bill O'Reilly, Cheri Oteri, Chris Parnell, David Paterson, Nasim Pedrad, Jay Pharoah, Ryan Phillippe,

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
Black and other guests on the video on her Twitter and Facebook. She also gave interviews to the Digitalspy, Australian Cosmopolitan, and BOP Tiger Beat. The video went on to win Favorite Music Video award at the 38th People's Choice Awards. As of October 2018, the video has over 1.1 billion views on YouTube. Kathy Beth Terry (Perry), a nerdy teenager with braces, headgear, and oversized glasses, has just awakened the morning after a house party, surrounded by passed-out partygoers. A male guest, Aaron Christopherson (""Glee"" star Darren Criss) opens the door to her bedroom and congratulates her on having

"Saturday Night Live"
Obama's appearance occurred in part because Hillary Clinton abandoned her scheduled appearance. The political content was abandoned briefly following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack in New York, with Poehler saying that the writers did not want to produce politicized material; highly political content would be absent for the next four years. Due to the show's live factor, a number of technical problems, performer mishaps, intentional acts of sabotage by performers, protests, and cuts to dead air have occurred throughout the show's run. One incident that garnered widespread media coverage was the October 3, 1992, appearance by singer Sinéad O'Connor,

"New Year's Eve Live"
run), John Zarrella (Key West), Brooke Baldwin and Marty Savidge (Nashville). Anderson Cooper took part in a pre-recorded skit involving the """" Broadway show. Immediately thereafter, Griffin ridiculed it as being lame and unfunny. The program featured phone calls from Kelly Ripa and David Gergen. Kathy Griffin's antics reached a point at 11:48 p.m. where she took her coat and shirt off and appeared on-air wearing only a bra. During the telecast, Cooper joked with her with a sign from the crew stating ""No Nudity"" and ""No Swearing,"" based on her previous appearances. Griffin also said to Anderson ""I'm [going

member since 2008), Vanessa Bayer (a cast member since 2010), and Sasheer Zamata (a cast member since 2014) left the cast. To fill out the cast, the show hired three new cast members, who became featured players: Heidi Gardner of The Groundlings, iO Chicago alum Luke Null, and stand-up comedian Chris Redd, who previously did sketch comedy at Second City. Redd had been incorrectly reported as joining the cast during the previous season. With this announcement came the confirmation that the rest of the cast from the previous season would return, including guest star Alec Baldwin in his role as

"History of rugby union matches between France and Wales"
the last 41 matches up to March 2018. The teams have met once in the Rugby World Cup with France winning the 2011 semi-final match. Below is a list of matches that France has awarded matches test match status by virtue of awarding caps, but Wales did not award caps. History of rugby union matches between France and Wales France and Wales have played each other at rugby union since 1908. A total of 96 matches have been played, with Wales winning 49 times, France winning 44 times and 3 matches drawn. The early years of the fixture were dominated

History of rugby union matches between France and Wales France and Wales have played each other at rugby union since 1908. A total of 96 matches have been played, with Wales winning 49 times, France winning 44 times and 3 matches drawn. The early years of the fixture were dominated by Wales, who won 18 of the first 19 matches up to the point when France were expelled from the Five Nations Championship after the 1931 tournament. Since the competition resumed in 1947 results have slightly favoured France who have won 44 of the 77 matches played, including 28 of

"History of rugby union matches between England and Wales"
History of rugby union matches between England and Wales England and Wales have played each other at rugby union since 1881. A total of 131 matches have been played, with England having won 62 times, Wales having won 57 times and 12 matches having been drawn. There is a considerable rivalry between the sides due to the proximity of the two nations and the history between them. In the Rugby World Cup, England have played Wales on three occasions; England winning once, Wales twice with no matches drawn. In these games, England have scored 56 points, and Wales 61. In

Wales 329. In other test matches, England have played Wales on six occasions; England winning five, Wales one with no matches drawn. In these games, England have scored 164 points, and Wales 65. Overall, England and Wales have played 131 times, having drawn 12 times: History of rugby union matches between England and Wales England and Wales have played each other at rugby union since 1881. A total of 131 matches have been played, with England having won 62 times, Wales having won 57 times and 12 matches having been drawn. There is a considerable rivalry between the sides due

de France. However the project was cancelled in December 2016. Bold indicates that the team did not win any matches. Bold indicates that the team did not win any matches. Ronan O'Gara of Ireland holds the career scoring record with 557 points to Wilkinson's 546, having surpassed Wilkinson in Round 3 of the 2011 championship. England's Jonny Wilkinson currently holds the records for individual points in one match (35 points against Italy in 2001) and one season with 89 (scored in 2001). The record for tries in a match is held by Scotsman George Lindsay who scored five tries against

the Home Nations Championship (1883–1909 and 1932–1939), England have played Wales on 33 occasions; England winning 13, Wales 16 with four matches drawn. In these games, England have scored 128 points, and Wales 287. In the Five Nations Championship (1910–1931 and 1947–1999), England have played Wales on 70 occasions; England winning 30, Wales 32 with eight matches drawn. In these games, England have scored 801 points, and Wales 808. In the Six Nations Championship (2000–present), England have played Wales on 19 occasions; England winning thirteen, Wales six with no matches drawn. In these games, England have scored 484 points, and

"History of rugby union matches between France and Ireland"
on 70 occasions, Ireland winning 23, France 42 and five matches have been drawn. In the Six Nations (2000-present), Ireland have played France on 19 occasions, Ireland winning 8, France 9 and two matches have been drawn. In these games, Ireland have scored 333 points, and France 425. In other test matches, Ireland have played France on four other occasions, in 1909, 1972 and twice in 2011, with two wins apiece. History of rugby union matches between France and Ireland Since 1909, France and Ireland have played each other in a total of 97 test matches, with France winning 56

History of rugby union matches between France and Ireland Since 1909, France and Ireland have played each other in a total of 97 test matches, with France winning 56 times, Ireland winning 34 times and seven matches drawn. Apart from fixtures played in the Five Nations / Six Nations Championship competitions, four games have been played at the Rugby World Cup in 1995, 2003, 2007 and 2015, in which France were victorious in the first three and Ireland in the last one in 2015. The sides have also met on four other occasions outside the Five Nations / Six Nations

"History of rugby union matches between England and France"
57, France winning 40, and 7 matches have been drawn. Overall, England have scored 1,658 points, and France 1,328. In the World Cup, the teams have played on five occasions, with England winning three and France two; there have been no draws. In these games, England have scored 78 points, and France 64. In the Five Nations (1910–1999), England had played France on 70 occasions, England winning 36, France 27 and seven matches had been drawn. In these games, England had scored 889 points, and France 775. In the Six Nations (2000–present), England have played France on 19 occasions, England

"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"
December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night) ""December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"" is a song by the Four Seasons, written by original Four Seasons keyboard player Bob Gaudio and his future wife Judy Parker, produced by Gaudio, and included on the group's album, ""Who Loves You"" (1975). The song features drummer Gerry Polci on lead vocals, with the usual lead Frankie Valli singing the bridge sections and backing vocals, and bass player Don Ciccone (former lead singer of The Critters) singing the falsetto part (""And I felt a rush like a rolling ball of thunder / Spinning my head around

vocals, not heard on any other version of the song. British pop/dance act Clock released a dance cover of ""Oh What a Night"" in 1996. It peaked at number 13 in Ireland, number 12 in Scotland and number 13 in the UK. December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night) ""December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"" is a song by the Four Seasons, written by original Four Seasons keyboard player Bob Gaudio and his future wife Judy Parker, produced by Gaudio, and included on the group's album, ""Who Loves You"" (1975). The song features drummer Gerry Polci on lead vocals, with the

and taking my body under""). According to the co-writer and longtime group member Bob Gaudio, the song lyrics were originally set in 1933 with the title ""December 5th, 1933,"" and celebrated the repeal of Prohibition, but the lyrics were changed at the urgings of Frankie Valli and lyricist Parker to reposition the song as a nostalgic remembrance of a young man's first affair with a woman, and, more specifically, Gaudio's courtship with his wife, Judy Parker. The song is an up-tempo, piano-led dance song with a distinct and easily recognizable opening drum and then piano riff. It is written in

4/4 and in the key of D-flat major. Whilst the song’s Piano/Bass/Drums/Guitar/Keyboard arrangement is fairly typical of pop songs of the period, there is an unusual introduction of the bass guitar midway through a stanza in the 10th bar of the song’s first verse. The single was released in December 1975 and hit number one on the UK Singles Chart on February 21, 1976. It repeated the feat on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 on March 13, 1976, remaining in the top spot for three weeks and one week on ""Cash Box"". ""Billboard"" ranked it as the No. 4 song

for 1976. On April 10 the same year, it topped the ""RPM"" National Top Singles Chart in Canada. Drummer Gerry Polci sang lead with bassist Don Ciccone and long-time frontman Frankie Valli singing the bridge and refrain. It was the Four Seasons' final song, as a group, to reach number one. (Valli would have one final chart-topper as a solo act in 1978 with the theme song to the film ""Grease"".) In both 1988 and 1993, Dutch DJ and producer Ben Liebrand remixed the song and re-released it as a single. The 1993 re-release spent 27 weeks on the Hot

"December (Collective Soul song)"
December (Collective Soul song) ""December"" is a song by American alternative rock band Collective Soul, released on the band's 1995 eponymous album. Written by singer/guitarist Ed Roland, the song peaked at number 20 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number one on the Album Rock Tracks chart for nine straight weeks, surpassing their prior hit ""Shine"" by one week, as well as peaking at number two on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, making it their highest-charting single on that chart. In Canada, the song reached number two on the ""RPM"" Top Singles chart, behind ""Leave Virginia Alone"" by Rod Stewart,

"8th of November (song)"
8th of November (song) ""8th of November"" is a song written and recorded by American country music duo Big & Rich. It was released in May 2006 as the third and final single from their album ""Comin' to Your City"". The song became the duo's seventh Top 40 hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Songs charts, where it peaked at No. 18, in addition to reaching No. 94 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The song, which begins with a spoken introduction by Kris Kristofferson, tells the tale of Niles Harris, a soldier in the 173rd Airborne Brigade of the United

"Colonel Bagshot"
Days"". Colonel Bagshot Colonel Bagshot were an English rock band formed in the late 1960s in Liverpool, England. Originally called ""Colonel Bagshot's Incredible Bucket Band"", they began as a six-piece, eventually becoming a four-piece. Their final line-up included Brian Farrell (vocals, guitar, stylophone), Ken Parry (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Dave Dover (vocals, bass, keyboard), and Terry McCusker (vocals, drums). The band released several singles and one studio album (""Oh What a Lovely War"") in 1971, which included their best-known song, ""Six Day War"", later remixed in 2002 by DJ Shadow and titled ""Six Days"" and by Mahmut Orhan in 2018 retitled

"The Four Seasons (band)"
in October 1975, relaunching their career there. The Four Seasons opened 1976 atop the Billboard chart with their fifth #1 single, ""December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"", co-written by Bob Gaudio and his future wife Judy Parker. The single also hit number one in the United Kingdom. ""December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"" had Polci singing lead on the verses, Ciccone featured on specific sections, and Valli doing lead vocals only on the two bridge sections and backup vocals on the chorus. Although the band also scored minor chart placements with ""Silver Star"" (with Valli on harmony vocals) (#38 in

States Army during Operation Hump in South Vietnam on November 8, 1965. The intro mentions that Harris was ""the guy that gave Big Kenny his top hat"", and that he was among the wounded who were saved by Army medic Lawrence Joel, the first living African American to receive the Medal of Honor since the Spanish–American War of 1898. The song is in a 6/8 time signature, and is in A mixolydian with a primary chord pattern of A–G–D–A. Kevin John Coyne, reviewing the song for Country Universe, gave it a positive rating. He said the song is the best

puella magi madoka magica when does madoka become a magical girl

"Puella Magi Madoka Magica"
learns Homura is a magical girl from a different timeline who has repeated the same month countless times to try to save Madoka from a grisly fate. After these revelations, Madoka decides to become a magical girl and makes a wish to stop the creation of all witches in the past, present, and future. The scope of this wish rewrites history and the laws of the universe, and her existence as a human is erased from time. She transcends into a cosmic phenomenon called ""The Law of Cycles"", which appears to all magical girls at the moment before they become

each Blu-ray Disc volume sold more than 50,000 copies. The series garnered a variety of awards, such as the Television Award at the 16th Animation Kobe Awards, as well as 12 ""Newtype"" Anime Awards and the Grand Prize for animation in the 2011 Japan Media Arts awards. In the fictional city of Mitakihara, Japan, a middle school student named Madoka Kaname and her friend Sayaka Miki encounter a small, cat-like creature named Kyubey. It offers a contract in which a girl may have any wish granted in exchange for obtaining magical powers and being tasked with fighting witches. Meanwhile, a

unknown context, the second episode would define the rules governing the story's setting, and the third episode would divulge the revelation in the plot to hook the viewer. The twist in the third episode was determined during the project proposal stage and involves the death of Mami, a main character. This decision was controversial; Urobuchi said production staff continually approached him and asked him to reconsider because of their fondness for the character. He refused and the plot remained unchanged during production. Urobuchi realized this progression could be very hard for viewers to accept and might hurt the overall series'

series in Australia, where it was broadcast on the children's channel ABC3 on June 29, 2013, following an early preview on January 6. The dubbed series began streaming on Viz Media's streaming service Neon Alley in late 2013. On September 1, 2018, a new television anime series, based on the smartphone game ""Magia Record"", was announced to be scheduled for 2019. In November 2011, it was announced in the December issue of Kadokawa Shoten's ""Newtype"" magazine that Shaft was developing a three-part theatrical film project. The first two films, titled and , are compilations of the anime television series featuring

also been produced; it consists of two films recapping the anime series and released in October 2012. A third film featuring an original story was released on October 26, 2013, and a concept film acting as a trailer for a new project was screened in December 2015. A smartphone game, ""Magia Record"", launched in August 2017, and an anime adaptation will be released in 2019. ""Puella Magi Madoka Magica"" has received widespread critical acclaim; critics praised the writing, visuals, and soundtrack of the series as well as its unconventional approach to the magical girl subgenre. It became a commercial success;

"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie"
Walpurgisnacht. Following Sayaka's funeral and being subjected to the tragic deaths of magical girls across history, Madoka tries to convince Homura to let her help her before Walpurgisnacht appears in the storm falling upon the city. Homura attempts to face Walpurgisnacht, but is ultimately defeated and pushed to the brink of despair. But Madoka arrives and becomes a magical girl by using the karma within her to wish for the negation of all witches across the timeline while removing their original selves from reality at the moment their Soul Gems turn into Grief Seeds. The wish resulted in Madoka transcending

transfer student and magical girl named Homura Akemi tries to stop Madoka from making the contract with Kyubey. Madoka and Sayaka then meet Mami Tomoe, an upperclassman at the same school who is also a magical girl. Mami offers to take Madoka and Sayaka along on her witch hunts so they may learn of the responsibilities that come with being a magical girl. As Madoka contemplates accepting the contract with Kyubey, she watches a witch kill Mami and realizes the life of a magical girl is filled with danger, anguish, and suffering. This is further enforced by the appearance of

shown during each week of its screening. The film was screened in North America by Aniplex of America in December 2013. The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD with English subtitles on April 2, 2014 in Japan and was released by Aniplex of America as an import title in North America on April 8, 2014. A re-release with an English dub was released in North America on April 7, 2015. The opening theme for the first two films is by ClariS, which was released on October 10, 2012. The ending theme for the first film is ""Magia (quattro)""

re-recorded voices and some new animation. The first film, which covers the first eight episodes of the television series, was released in theaters on October 6, 2012, while the second film, which covers the last four episodes, was released on October 13, 2012. The first two films were screened in selected locations in the United States and seven other countries between October 2012 and February 2013; they were also screened at Anime Festival Asia between November 10 and 11, 2012, in Singapore. The two films were released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on July 30, 2013, in standard and collector's

Puella Magi Madoka Magica , commonly referred to as simply Madoka Magica, is a Japanese anime television series that was produced by Shaft and Aniplex. It was directed by Akiyuki Shinbo and written by Gen Urobuchi, with original character designs by Ume Aoki, character design adaptation by Takahiro Kishida, and music by Yuki Kajiura. The story follows a group of female middle school students who choose to become magical girls and must battle surreal enemies called witches. They consequently learn of the anguish and perils associated with their new roles. The first ten episodes of the series aired in Japan

"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"
I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, ""Whitney"". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit ""How Will I Know."" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the musical arrangement to her own ""How Will I Know"" and Cyndi Lauper's ""Girls Just Want to Have Fun."" The song won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal

similar version of '99 tour's on Arista Records 25th Anniversary Celebration, taped at Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on April 10, and broadcast on May 15 on NBC. Bibliography I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, ""Whitney"". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit ""How Will I Know."" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the

Performance at the 30th Grammy Awards. The single was a commercial success, topping the charts in 13 countries including Australia, Italy, Germany and the UK. In the US, it became her fourth consecutive number one single and sold over one million copies, making it her first platinum single in the US; and her biggest hit in that country at the time. It was eventually surpassed by her version of ""I Will Always Love You"", five years later in 1992. ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody"" was written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, who wrote Houston's 1985 song ""How Will I

"Everybody Dance (Chic song)"
Everybody Dance (Chic song) ""Everybody Dance"" is a song by American band Chic. The disco song, which features Norma Jean Wright on lead vocals and Luther Vandross, Diva Gray, Robin Clark on background vocals, was released as the second single from the band's self-titled debut album ""Chic"" (1977). According to guitarist Nile Rodgers, it was the first song specifically written for Chic, and, due to its historical status and popularity, is usually played as the opening song of the band's live set. It was later heavily sampled by British group Steps on their song ""Stomp"" and by the Manic Street

"Somebody Dance with Me"
Somebody Dance with Me ""Somebody Dance with Me"" is a song by Swiss artist DJ BoBo featuring Emel Aykanat. It was released in November 1992 as the second single from the album, ""Dance with Me"". The song is based on some parts on sampling taken from ""Somebody's Watching Me"" by Rockwell. It was the first major hit of DJ BoBo in 1992-1993 reaching the top of Swiss Hitparade, the official Swiss Singles Chart. It was also a hit in Portugal and Sweden where it also made it to number one, and in Austria, Norway and the Netherlands (#3), Germany #4,

come up with ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody."" Later on, Rubicam explained the idea behind the song: But, the song did not impress the producer Narada Michael Walden, who had produced ""How Will I Know."" He took a little more persuading with regard to the song's potential, and at first was not too keen on having Houston record it, as he felt it was too ""country and western sounding."" He said of it, For the song's production, a Roland TR-808 was used to produce the drum machine percussion. ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"" received mixed reviews from

"Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)"
Everybody Dance (The Horn Song) ""Everybody Dance"" (""Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)"" in international releases) is a 1998 house song recorded by American singer Barbara Tucker, who co-wrote the track with LaVette Gordon, and produced by DJ Pierre, which was based on an instrumental he recorded under the alias ""The Don"" as ""The Horn Song."" The horn solo on the single was performed by Darrell Dixon. After its release, the label rerecorded the single with Tucker adding lyrics and vocals to the song. This was Tucker's fourth of seven number-one singles she placed on the ""Billboard"" Dance Club Songs, reaching

British public as the nation's fifth favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV. ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"" was released as the first single from Houston's second studio album at the beginning of May 1987. It entered the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, the issue dated May 16, 1987, at number 38, her highest debut in the 1980s. Six weeks later, it reached the top spot of the chart, making it Houston's fourth number-one single in the United States, the issue date of June 27, 1987 ― the same day that Houston's album ""Whitney"" debuted at number

(Who Loves Me)"" won the award for ""Favorite Pop/Rock Single"" at the 15th American Music Awards on January 25, 1988. Additionally, Houston won the Grammy award for ""Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female"" with the song at its 30th ceremony on March 2, 1988, where she received a total of three nominations. The music video for the song was nominated for ""Best Music Video"" at the 2nd Soul Train Music Awards on March 30, 1988. Houston won the award for ""Best Music Video"" for the video at the 1st Garden State Music Awards. In 2015 the song was voted by the

"Penny (United States coin)"
Admiral Richard E. Byrd's expedition to the South Pole and Joe Louis. There was also a design featuring the Lord's prayer. Bronze, 1909–1942. Initially the alloy of the Lincoln cent followed that established for this denomination with the Indian Head design in 1864, 95% copper and 2.5% tin and 2.5% zinc. Wartime zinc-plated steel, 1943. The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1943. Production of the war-time cent was provided for in an Act of Congress approved on December 18, 1942, which also set as the expiration date of the authority December 31, 1946. Low-grade carbon steel formed

make a lower-pitched ""clunk"", while the copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound. In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz. Mintage figures for the Lincoln cent can be found at Lincoln cent mintage figures. The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony through present dollars). The following types of cents have been produced: Large cents: Small cents: Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several

aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons: vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging. One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the

donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005. Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall

value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent. Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper plating. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011. The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly zinc coins

It was adopted in 1909 (which would have been Lincoln's 100th birthday), replacing the Indian Head cent. Its reverse was changed in 1959 from a wheat-stalks design to a design which includes the Lincoln Memorial (to commemorate Lincoln's sesquicentennial) and was replaced again in 2009 with four new designs to commemorate Lincoln's bicentennial. There are more one-cent coins produced than any other denomination, which makes the Lincoln cent a familiar item. In its lifespan, this coin has weathered both world wars, one of which temporarily changed its composition as part of the war effort. The obverse is the longest design

restored. Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc ""bronze"" composition was again used. Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962. Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early

the base of these coins, to which a zinc coating thick was deposited on each side electrolytically as a rust preventive. This coating was applied to the steel before the blanks were made, leaving the rims of these coins extremely susceptible to rust. The same size was maintained, but the weight was reduced from the standard to , by using a lighter alloy. Production commenced on February 27, 1943, and by December 31 of that year, the three Mint facilities had produced 1,093,838,670 of the one-cent coins. The copper released for the war effort was enough to meet the combined

coin in the United States for the year of 2013 was $55,000,000. This was a slight decrease from 2012, the year before, which had a production loss of $58,000,000. In honor of Lincoln's 200th anniversary, special 2009 cents were minted for collectors in the same composition as the 1909 coins. The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects the copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 reflect the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records. In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made

"Lincoln cent"
action is necessary to assure an adequate supply of coins to meet the national needs, he may prescribe such composition of copper and zinc in the alloy of the one-cent piece as he may deem appropriate."" In 1981, faced with another rise in the price of copper, the Mint decided to change the composition of the cent to copper-covered zinc. After contract difficulties and production delays, the first such cents were struck at the West Point Mint (without mintmark) on , 1982. Denver did not convert to the new composition until . A few pieces were struck by error in

"Zara Yaad Kar"
Ikhtiar Ali (Rashid Farooqui). Ikhtiar and his college-going daughter Uzma (Yumna Zaidi) both hold Hadi in high regard due to his impeccable character and calm demeanor. Hadi is immensely caring and protective towards Mahnoor, whom he treats as the center of his universe. He is also broad-minded and encourages Mahnoor to work and be self-sufficient. Uzma, who is unaware that Hadi is married, is drawn to him due to his likeable nature. She ends up writing a letter to Hadi confessing her crush on him. Hadi gently rebukes her, letting her know that he is married and deeply in love

"Jaanam Samjha Karo"
talented night club singer and dancer at Daniel's (Sadashiv Amrapurkar) club, but in fact happens to be religious, and well mannered, lives an unfortunate life with her three aunts (Bindu, Navneet Nishan, Kannu Gill), who dominate her life, and with a weak maternal grandmother. She dances for a living because it is the only way she can support her poor family and she hopes to give her nieces an education. Besides, she believes in her dream that a prince charming will come in her life and marry her. On the other hand, Rahul (Salman Khan), a young wealthy womanizer makes

Mahnoor as he believes Mahnoor's feelings for Waqar to be genuine. He agrees to the divorce in order to preserve his own self-respect and also because he believes in letting go the woman who doesn't love him. Mahnoor asks Waqar to marry her on the same day that she gets divorce from Hadi, to which Waqar tacitly agrees. However, unbeknownst to Mahnoor, Waqar is an opportunist and has interest in women only for their wealth. He gets hired to teach Urdu to Geeti (Sharmeen), who is the daughter of a renowned politician Deswali (Adnan Jilani). Geeti has recently returned from

"Eisha Singh"
Eisha Singh Eisha Singh (born 24 December 1998) is an Indian actress. She made her acting debut in Colors TV show ""Ishq Ka Rang Safed"" in the lead role of Dhaani. In 2016, she joined the cast of ""Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani"" played the role of Rani in the show. She was highly praised for her acting in both of her shows. As of March 2018, she plays Zara Siddiqui in the show ""Ishq Subhan Allah"" which airs on Zee TV. Singh was born in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Her father Mr. Pankaj Singh is a successful businessman and

"Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara"
viewers. Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara (English: ""Be Careful My Heart"") is an Indian drama television series broadcast on Star Plus from 23 October 2017 to 2 February 2018. The series was produced by Vikram Bhatt. The show was earlier titled as ""Ishq Gunaah"". It’s a story about a married couple with an age gap of 20 years. Ahana was always loved by her father. Her mother Laila Raichand is a sly, ambitious, greedy woman who cheated on her husband. Ahana’s father dies of shock taking his wife's betrayal too hard. Ahana witnesses their argument hereby developing

"Zakhmo Ka Hisaab"
in the bank, the bank is unable to guarantee the amount. Suraj does not share this info with his family, so that they needn't worry. Suraj goes in search of the culprits and meets up with a petty thief and pick-pocket Bindiya (Farha). He feels sorry for her, and takes her home and introduces her to his family, and promises to marry her. His family accepts Bindiya. When the family hear of Amar passing away, they ask Suraj to get the money from the bank. How will Suraj get money from the bank, when there is no money in there?

Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara (English: ""Be Careful My Heart"") is an Indian drama television series broadcast on Star Plus from 23 October 2017 to 2 February 2018. The series was produced by Vikram Bhatt. The show was earlier titled as ""Ishq Gunaah"". It’s a story about a married couple with an age gap of 20 years. Ahana was always loved by her father. Her mother Laila Raichand is a sly, ambitious, greedy woman who cheated on her husband. Ahana’s father dies of shock taking his wife's betrayal too hard. Ahana witnesses their argument hereby developing an

Jaanisaar
Jaanisaar Jaanisaar is a 2015 Indian film, directed by Muzaffar Ali, and written by Javed Siddiqui, Shama Zaidi and Muzaffar Ali. ""Jaanisaar"" is a love saga of a revolutionary courtesan of Avadh, India, and a prince brought up in England, set 20 years after the first war of Indian Rebellion of 1857. The film stars Pakistani actor Imran Abbas and fashion entrepreneur Pernia Qureshi, who made her debut with the film. The film was released on 7 August 2015. A period drama set in 1877, the film depicts the story of a revolutionary killer. ""Jaanisaar"" marks the comeback of director

"Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana"
Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana () is a 2017 Indian Hindi romantic drama film directed by Ratnaa Sinha. The film stars Rajkummar Rao as an IAS Officer and Kriti Kharbanda as a PCS Officer, who are brought together by a marriage proposal and fall in love with each other during the process but on the night of their marriage destiny takes the two of them in two different directions. The film had a worldwide release on 10 November 2017. Aarti Shukla (Kriti Kharbanda) an emotionally unstable but otherwise intelligent girl, meets Satyendra Mishra (Rajkummar Rao), a clerk

house, owned by (Fouzia Mushtaq). There he meets Anushay (Maryam Fatima), her granddaughter. Hadi comes to know that Anushay is the new girlfriend of Waqar and unaware of Waqar's past, she is looking forward to marry him. Hadi tries to stop her by sharing Waqar's past deeds with her and her grandmother; but stubborn by nature, Anushay isn't willing to give up on Waqar and ends up marrying him. Geeti's brother gets arrested for a road accident and she learns that her father and brother have planted false evidence and witnesses to take the blame away from her brother. Digusted,

"Christmas Eve"
Land, soldiers from both sides gathered and read a passage from Psalm 23. The truce occurred in spite of opposition at higher levels of the military command. Earlier in the autumn, a call by Pope Benedict XV for an official truce between the warring governments had been ignored. On 24 December 1968, in what was the most watched television broadcast to that date, the astronauts Bill Anders, Jim Lovell and Frank Borman of Apollo 8 surprised the world with a reading of the Creation from the Book of Genesis as they orbited the moon. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, an atheist activist,

Thanksgiving (United States) Thanksgiving is a national holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, with a proclamation by George Washington after a request by Congress. Thomas Jefferson chose not to observe the holiday, and its celebration was intermittent until the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, when Thanksgiving became a federal holiday in 1863, during the American Civil War. Lincoln proclaimed a national day of ""Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens,"" to be celebrated on

"Thanksgiving (Canada)"
from a serious illness. For many years before it was declared a national holiday in 1879, Thanksgiving was celebrated in either late October or early November. From 1879 onward, Thanksgiving Day has been observed every year, the date initially being a Thursday in November. After World War I, an amendment to the Armistice Day Act established that Armistice Day and Thanksgiving would, starting in 1921, both be celebrated on the Monday of the week in which November 11 occurred. Ten years later, in 1931, the two days became separate holidays, and Armistice Day was renamed Remembrance Day. From 1931 to

issued as a ""group award"" in addition to a single player award. In 2008, Simms stated it was ""too close to call"" and named four players to the trophy; he then gave the award to several people every year until 2013, after which he reverted to a single MVP in 2014. Simms was removed from the broadcast booth for the 2017 season and no player of the game was chosen that year. During the time when NFL Network held the broadcast rights the prime time game, from 2007 to 2011 they gave out the ""Pudding Pie Award"" for MVPs. The

on the fourth Thursday in November by law in 1941, the holiday in the United States can occur on any date from November 22 to 28. When it falls on November 22 or 23, it is not the last Thursday, but the penultimate Thursday in November. Regardless, it is the Thursday preceding the last Saturday of November. Because Thanksgiving is a federal holiday, all United States government offices are closed and all employees are paid for that day. It is also a holiday for the New York Stock Exchange and most other financial markets and financial services companies. The date

being suspended in the Cleveland Browns relocation controversy, and have not appeared in the game since rejoining the league as an expansion team. Since 2010, the league has made efforts to end the longest droughts. New Orleans, Cincinnati, Baltimore, Houston, and Carolina all played their first Thanksgiving games during this time frame. San Francisco likewise played their first Thanksgiving game since 1972 in 2011, and the Los Angeles Chargers, who last played on the holiday in 1969 (while the team was still an AFL franchise in San Diego) before actually joining the league, appeared for the first time as an

Thanksgiving
for the military successes in the war. Because of the ongoing Civil War, a nationwide Thanksgiving date was not realized until Reconstruction was completed in the 1870s. On October 31, 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a presidential proclamation changing the holiday to the next to last Thursday in November, for business reasons. On December 26, 1941, he signed a joint resolution of Congress changing the national Thanksgiving Day from the last Thursday in November to the fourth Thursday. Since 1971, when the American Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect, the American observance of Columbus Day has coincided with the

of Thanksgiving Day follows a 28-year cycle, broken only by century years that are not also a multiple of 400 (2100, 2200, 2300, 2500, …). The cycle break is an effect of the leap year algorithm, which dictates that such years are common years as an adjustment for the calendar-season alignment that leap years provide. Past and future dates of celebration include: The day after Thanksgiving is a holiday for some companies and most schools. In the last two decades of the 20th century, it became known as Black Friday, the beginning of the Christmas shopping season and a day

"Air gap (plumbing)"
Air gap (plumbing) An air gap, as it relates to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. A simple example is the space between a wall mounted faucet and the sink rim (this space is the air gap). Water can easily flow from the faucet into the sink, but there is no way that water can flow from the sink into the faucet without modifying the system. This arrangement will prevent any contaminants in the sink from flowing into the potable water system by siphonage and is the

connection in such a case still will allow backflow through siphoning. According to the ""International Residential Code 2003"", an air gap must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe (2*D) in order to be sufficient. A standard widely use in the United States is: Air gap (plumbing) An air gap, as it relates to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. A simple example is the space between a wall mounted faucet and the sink rim (this space is the air

above, and prevents drain water from the sink from backing up into the dishwasher, possibly contaminating dishes. Water flowing from the fixture into the sink indicates a need for maintenance or repair. To further illustrate the air gap, consider what could happen if the air gap were eliminated by attaching a hose to the faucet and lowering the hose into a sink full of contaminated water. Under the right conditions (if the water supply loses pressure and the sink is higher than the point at which the water supply enters the house, for instance), the dirty water in the sink

least expensive form of backflow prevention. A common use of the term ""air gap"" in home plumbing refers to a fixture that provides back-flow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This ""air gap"" is seen above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted parallel with the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the ""top"" of the air gap, and the ""bottom"" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained properly, the air gap works as described

will be siphoned into the water pipes through the hose and faucet. The dirty water then will be dispersed throughout the drinking water system. All plumbing codes require backflow prevention in several ways. The fixtures are manufactured to meet these codes. Plumbers must not build cross-connections in their daily work practices, and plumbing inspectors look for improper designs or connections of piping and plumbing fixtures. A common misconception is that a ""high loop"" (routing a drain line above a sink's flood level, for instance) will provide the same function as an air gap; this is not true, because the continuous

Dishwasher
and depth of 60 cm (Europe) or 24 inches (US), and most dishwashers must be installed into a hole a minimum of 86 cm (Europe) or 34 inches (US) tall. Portable dishwashers exist in 45 and 60 cm (Europe) or 18 and 24 inch (US) widths, with casters and attached countertops. Dishwashers may come in standard or tall tub designs; standard tub dishwashers have a service kickplate beneath the dishwasher door that allows for simpler maintenance and installation, but tall tub dishwashers have approximately 20% more capacity and better sound dampening from having a continuous front door. The international standard

"Expansion tank"
and then coming out of solution elsewhere in the system. This in turn required periodic draining of the expansion tank, as well as periodic bleeding of the system, to maintain its effectiveness. The rubber diaphragm in modern expansion tanks prevents this undesired transfer of air, and helps maintain low levels of oxygen within the pipes, reducing corrosion in the system. When expansion tanks are used in domestic hot water (DHW) systems, the tank and the diaphragm must conform to drinking water regulations and must be capable of accommodating the required volume of water. In the past, domestic plumbing systems often

"Heater core"
to cool large amounts of coolant significantly. The heater core is made up of small piping that has numerous bends. Clogging of the piping may occur if the coolant system is not flushed or if the coolant is not changed regularly. If clogging occurs the heater core will not work properly. If coolant flow is restricted, heating capacity will be reduced or even lost altogether if the heater core becomes blocked. Control valves may also clog or get stuck. Where a blend door is used instead of a control valve as a method of controlling the air's heating amount, the

Schrader valve (car-tire type valve stem) for checking pressures and adding air. When the heating system is empty or at the low end of the normal range of working pressure, the diaphragm is pushed against the water inlet; as the water pressure increases, the diaphragm moves, compressing the air on its other side. An older style of expansion tank was larger, oriented horizontally, and had no rubber diaphragm separating the water from the air pocket. This now obsolete style would gradually transfer air from the tank to the highest point in the system, due to air dissolving in the water,

"Bell mouth"
Bell mouth In building services engineering and HVAC, a bell mouth is a tapered expanding or reducing opening in the end of a ventilation duct, so named because the taper can resemble that of a bell shape. They are primarily designed and used for return air or extract air purposes within building ventilation systems, more commonly located within ceiling voids or other similar plenum. The bellmouth cross-sectional area is normally double that of the duct area so that the air velocity entering the bellmouth is low (to reduce noise, turbulence and pressure drop), and gradually increases to the normal design

"The Deep End of the Ocean (film)"
The ensuing frantic search is unsuccessful, and Beth goes through a sustained nervous breakdown. Unable to cope with her devastation, Beth unintentionally neglects her other children, Vincent and Kerry. After nine years, the family has seemingly accepted that Ben has gone forever, when a familiar-looking boy turns up at their house, introducing himself as Sam and offers to mow their lawn. Beth is convinced that Sam is actually her son, and begins an investigation that culminates in the discovery that Ben was kidnapped at the ill-fated high school reunion years ago, by a mentally unstable woman who was a high

"The Deep End of the Ocean"
her husband and teenage son, who then says that he suspected the boy's true identity all along. The parents contact Detective Candy Bliss who pops in to offer wise, albeit often cryptic and conflicting, advice to Beth. It is learned that at the reunion in Chicago, the celebrity alumna Cecil Lockhart kidnapped Ben, renamed him Sam, and raised him as her own child until she was committed to a mental hospital, leaving Sam to be raised in a house only two blocks from the Cappadoras, by his adoptive father, the sensitive and intellectual George Karras. Ben was raised by a

older son lets go of Ben's hand and Ben vanishes without a trace. Beth goes into an extended mental breakdown and it is left to her husband and owner of a restaurant, Pat, to force his wife to robotically care for their remaining two children, 7-year-old Vincent and infant daughter Kerry. Nine years later a young boy named Sam asks Beth if she needs the lawn mowed. Beth suspects that this boy who lives with his ""father"" two blocks away is in fact her lost son, and while Sam mows the lawn, she takes photographs of him to show to

The Deep End of the Ocean (film) The Deep End of the Ocean (1999) is an American motion picture drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard, and starring Michelle Pfeiffer, Treat Williams, Whoopi Goldberg, Jonathan Jackson and Ryan Merriman. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Jacquelyn Mitchard, a bestseller that was the very first novel selected by Oprah Winfrey to be discussed on ""Oprah's Book Club"" in 1996. Beth Cappadora and her husband Pat experience a parent's worst fear when their 3-year-old son Ben vanishes in a crowded hotel lobby during Beth's high school reunion.

Greek-American father for nine years, while his biological parents are Italian-American. Ben is a polite, intelligent American boy who takes great pride in participating in Greek cultural rituals, much to the frustration of Pat who wants to pretend that Ben was never really abducted. Ben is faced with the cultural identity that he grew up with, and the cultural identity he would have known had he not been kidnapped. Ben's adoptive father agrees to surrender Ben to his birth family, while still living two blocks away. Torn between two worlds and having lost both of the parents that he knew,

Ben expresses suicidal feelings to Beth. Ben's only memory of his biological family is one of brother Vincent and thus over a one-on-one basketball game he absolves his brother of any responsibility for his abduction, and agrees to return to live with the Cappadoras. At the end of the novel, many conflicts remain unresolved. Pat still has problems loving his sons: Ben because he can not relate to his personality and Vincent because he does not connect his teenaged rebellion and cynicism to nine years of bad parenting. Beth has regained her position in the family as an equal parent,

"The Infinite Sea"
helicopter flies in and they are both captured by The Others. While Cassie and the others anxiously await Ringer, they realize that Teacup has gone missing, and Dumbo and Poundcake set out to find her but return empty-handed. Evan Walker is revealed to have survived Camp Haven's destruction, and is wounded and hurt. He is rescued by Grace, a fellow Silencer, and head to her makeshift home. They spot Cassie at the hotel from an interstate on their way there. After one of Grace's hunts she tries to seduce Evan, but he attacks her. While escaping her house, Grace shoots

narration shifts from the point of view of another teenage girl called Ringer. A few days after the events of the first novel, Cassie, Ben, and the rest of squad 53 have taken refuge at a hotel, which they call ""Walker Hotel"" in honor of Evan Walker, who is thought to be dead after destroying Camp Haven. Ringer, believing that their refuge in the hotel will not last, goes out searching for a cave system mentioned on a brochure. Teacup, whom she had grown close to, sneaks up on Ringer who shoots her, having mistaken Teacup for a Silencer. A

school classmate of Beth's. This woman brought up Ben as her own child, until she committed suicide. The attempted re-integration of Ben back into the Cappadora family produces painful results for all involved. Eventually, the family decides that what's best for Ben is to return him to his adoptive father, and Beth returns him to his house. One night, Vincent leaves the house and Beth wakes up to a phone call at 4 in the morning to find out Vincent is in prison. Candy, Beth and Pat speak about whether Vincent's actions are taking it too far, and while Beth

"Strangers on the Shore"
to sign a multi-millionaire deal with an Iranian businessman, and will not make the same mistakes that Del made. Fed up of Boycie's boasting, Del gains his revenge on Boycie by squeezing a tub of onion purée into his hair gel (Boycie cannot smell it because he has a cold). Meanwhile, at Nelson Mandela House, Del buys twenty Slovakian log-effect gas fires and a letter arrives addressed to the late Uncle Albert informing him of a naval reunion at a village in France. Sometime later at ""The Nag's Head"", Raquel and a pregnant Cassandra join Del and Rodney in a

"Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo"
Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo (English: ""We entrust this nation in you, O countrymen"") is a 2004 Indian war drama film, directed by Anil Sharma and starring Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Divya Khosla Kumar, Sandali Sinha and Nagma Major General Amarjeet Singh (Amitabh Bachchan) is a dedicated officer for the Indian Army. His son Lieutenant Commander Vikramjeet Singh (Bobby Deol) follows in his footsteps and joins the Navy. In 1971 during the Indo-Pak war and the formation of Bangladesh, Lt. Commander Vikramjeet Singh has a ship in his command and a regiment of

"Inaam Dus Hazaar"
Inaam Dus Hazaar Inaam Dus Hazaar is a 1987 Bollywood action comedy film directed by Jyotin Goel. It stars Sanjay Dutt and Meenakshi Seshadri in lead roles. It is inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's classic ""North by Northwest"". The film was the seventh highest grossing Hindi film of 1987. Kamal Malhotra (Sanjay Dutt) is a salesman working with a table-fan manufacturing firm. He lives with his uncle and mother. One night in a jewel exhibition, he meets the Nawab of Chandrapur (Raza Murad). While introducing himself to the Nawab, his name is overheard by a member of a gang, Kamran (Viju

"Haqeeqat (1964 film)"
Haqeeqat (1964 film) Haqeeqat (, , translation: ""Reality"") is a 1964 Hindi war-film directed by Chetan Anand. The film stars Balraj Sahni, Dharmendra, Priya Rajvansh, Sudhir, Sanjay Khan and Vijay Anand. the music is by Madan Mohan and the lyrics by Kaifi Azmi. The movie was based on the 1962 Sino-Indian War. It won the National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film in 1965. The film was screened retrospective on August 12, 2016 at the ""Independence Day Film Festival"" jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense, commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day. Set against

"Besharam (TV series)"
Besharam (TV series) Besharam (lit: Shameless) is a 2016 Pakistani drama serial that premiered on May 10, 2016 on ARY Digital. It is directed by Farooq Rind and written by Sarwat Nazir. It stars Saba Qamar, Zahid Ahmed, Atiqa Odho, Rehan Sheikh and Fia Khan in pivot roles. The serial is produced by Humayun Saeed and Shehzad Nasib under their production company Six Sigma Plus. ""Besharam"" revolves around three women, Sara (Atiqa Odho), Mashal (Saba Qamar) and Sofia (Fia Khan), and apart from them the serial also has Malik Raza and Zahid Ahmed as the male figures of the story.

"Satte Pe Satta"
Satte Pe Satta Satte Pe Satta () is a 1982 Hindi action comedy film. It featured Amitabh Bachchan, Hema Malini, Amjad Khan, Ranjeeta Kaur, Sachin, Shakti Kapoor, Paintal, Sudhir, Inderjeet, Sarika, Kanwaljit Singh, Prema Narayan, Mac Mohan and Kalpana Iyer amongst others. The film is an adaptation of the American musical film ""Seven Brides for Seven Brothers"". The film was remade in Kannada as ""Jaggu"". ""Satte Pe Satta"" is the story of seven brothers living on a large farmhouse. The first half of the movie shows the life of the brothers who grow up under the leadership of their oldest

Behadd
messages and production values. Despite strong positive reviews, there were much speculations that ""Behadd"" follows the same plot of Hasina Moin's 1980 PTV classic story ""Gudiya - (Doll)"". Behadd Behadd (;English: ""Boundless"") is an award-winning 2013 Pakistani drama television film directed by Asim Raza produced by Momina Duraid and written by Umera Ahmad. The telefilm stars Fawad Khan, Nadia Jamil, Sajjal Ali, Nadia Afgan, Adnan Siddiqui, Adnan Jaffar and Shamoon Abbasi in pivot roles. ""Behadd"" was premiered on 23 February 2013 by Hum TV. it was also aired in India on Zindagi, premiering on 30 August 2014 ""Behadd"" reflects upon

"Katti Batti"
Katti Batti Katti Batti is an Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Nikkhil Advani and produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur under the banner of UTV Motion Pictures. The film stars Kangana Ranaut and Imran Khan in the lead roles. As of 2018, this remains Khan's last movie. The first look of the movie was revealed on 12 June 2015, and the trailer of the movie was released on 14 June 2015. The film was released on 18 September 2015. Madhav 'Maddy' Kabra (Imran Khan) is an architect who falls in love with Payal (Kangana Ranaut) during college. After college they

"Hum Saath-Saath Hain"
Hum Saath-Saath Hain Hum Saath Saath Hain () is a 1999 Indian drama film written and directed by Sooraj R. Barjatya. The film was produced and distributed by the home production of Sooraj Barjatya, Rajshri Productions. The film stars Saif Ali Khan, Salman Khan, Mohnish Behl,Mudit jain, Tabu, Sonali Bendre and Karisma Kapoor, while Alok Nath, Reema Lagoo, Neelam Kothari, and Mahesh Thakur play pivotal supporting roles. The story centers on a family headed by Ramkishan, and containing his wife Mamta as well as three sons, played by the leading actors. The film was shot in Mumbai's Film City and

Aahat
Aahat Aahat (English: ""An approaching sound"") is an Indian thriller/horror television anthology series created by B. P. Singh for Sony Entertainment Television. The series premiered on 12 October 1995. The episodes of first, second and fifth seasons were half-hourly, while episodes of third, fourth and sixth seasons were one-hourly. Om Puri, Mandira Bedi, Tom Alter, Ashutosh Rana, Shivaji Satham, Virendra Saxena have starred in the show. Canadian actor, Remi Kaler also worked in the series in 1999 and 2000. The sixth season premiered on Wednesday, 18 February 2015, starring Shakti Anand and ended on 4 August 2015. The first season

"Be Aitbaar"
Be Aitbaar Be Aitbaar (; lit:""Discredit"") was a Pakistani drama series that began airing on 11 July 2016 on Hum TV and ended on 7 December 2016. It is written by Malik Khuda Baksh and directed by Shah Hussain. It stars Saba Faisal, Javed Sheikh, Kanwar Arsalan and Behroze Sabzwari. The story begins with Uzma (Saba Faisal) visiting her cousin Jameel (Javed Sheikh) who is suffering from cancer. A flashback is shown revealing Uzma was raped in a train journey and becomes pregnant. Uzma's wedding was arranged with Jameel but he rejects her after this incident. Uzma and her son

"All That (song)"
All That (song) ""All That"" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, ""Emotion"" (2015), included as its fifth track. It was written by Jepsen, Ariel Rechtshaid and Dev Hynes, with the latter two also handling production. Upon its release, ""All That"" was praised for the 1980s influence in the song. Jepsen debuted the song at ""Saturday Night Live"" on 4 April 2015 and it became available to digital retailers the next day on 5 April 2015, as the record's first promotional single. Jepsen began combing through Dev Hynes' discography after becoming infatuated

"All That: The Album"
All That: The Album All That: The Album is the soundtrack of musical performances and sketch clips from the hit Nickelodeon television series ""All That"". The album was created and recorded in 1994-1996. The songs were from musical guest in Seasons 1 (1994-1995) through Season 2 (1995-1996). The dialogues were directly from All That sketches like Good Burger, Vital Information, and Superdude. This CD was not released till a week after the premiere of Season 3, so Amanda Bynes is not in the CD, nor is Angelique Bates, due to her small number of characters in the show, but she

"All Things to All Men (song)"
All Things to All Men (song) All Things To All Men is a song by the Cinematic Orchestra, featuring vocals from English rapper Roots Manuva and an instrumental composition from Welsh musician Rhodri Davies. It is the sixth and longest track on the Cinematic Orchestra's second studio album, ""Every Day"" (2003). The track begins with a sampling from composer John Barry's soundtrack from the 1968 motion picture Petulia. After different instrumental variations and the addition of a bass rhythm, the track introduces rapper Roots Manuva with a 4 minute long segment over the original sampling. In his lyrics, he references

the TARDIS, a fictional spacecraft used in the popular science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"", as well as American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. The track then tones down in intensity to a piano riff, and eventually finishing with a Harp solo by Welsh musician Rhodri Davies. At just over 11 minutes long at extended length, it is the longest track on the album ""Every Day"". John Bush of the online music guide service AllMusic describes the track as a ""magisterial , spoken-word quasi-autobiography."" Paul Cooper of ""Pitchfork"" said the song is ""contemplative, doubting, restless. For the performance of his career, Roots

"All That"
are performed by a large and varying cast of child and teen actors. Early episodes were taped at Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Orlando Resort, but then moved to Hollywood at the Nickelodeon on Sunset theatre (formerly the Earl Carrol Theatre), where other Nickelodeon shows such as ""The Amanda Show"", ""Kenan & Kel"", and ""Drake & Josh"" were filmed. In 2000, after six seasons the show was put on hiatus to be retooled and was relaunched in early 2002 with a completely new cast. Four more seasons were produced before the show was ultimately cancelled. On April 23, 2005, Nickelodeon celebrated

"All That You Are (Goo Goo Dolls song)"
All That You Are (Goo Goo Dolls song) ""All That You Are"" is a song recorded by American alternative rock band the Goo Goo Dolls included in the """" , which was released on June 14, 2011. ""All That You Are"" was released to the Apple iTunes Store on June 14, 2011, the same day the soundtrack was released. Also Linkin Park and Paramore released their singles for the film, ""Iridescent"" and ""Monster"" respectively. This is the second song the Goo Goo Dolls have made for a ""Transformers"" movie with the first being ""Before It's Too Late (Sam and Mikaela's

"That Is All (song)"
critic Alyn Shipton comments that Nilsson's performance on ""That Is All"" marked a rare return to the upper-register singing style of his early career. Shipton describes Nilsson's break into falsetto as being ""as good as anything he ever recorded"". That Is All (song) ""That Is All"" is a song by English musician George Harrison released as the final track of his 1973 album ""Living in the Material World"". A slow, heavily orchestrated ballad, it is one of many Harrison love songs that appear to be directed at either a woman or a deity. Harrison wrote and recorded the song during

That Is All (song) ""That Is All"" is a song by English musician George Harrison released as the final track of his 1973 album ""Living in the Material World"". A slow, heavily orchestrated ballad, it is one of many Harrison love songs that appear to be directed at either a woman or a deity. Harrison wrote and recorded the song during the height of his public devotion to Hinduism; on release, ""Rolling Stone"" described its lyrics as ""a sort of Hindu ""In Paradisium"""". Recording for ""That Is All"" took place in London in late 1972, following Harrison's completion of the

was brought in for additional work. Jepsen served as musical guest during an episode of ""Saturday Night Live"" on 4 April 2015, and performed ""I Really Like You"" and ""All That"". ""Pitchfork Media"" awarded ""All That"" their ""Best New Track"" feature, calling the song's conclusion a ""tour de force climax"". They add that the chorus has ""innocence set against its absence"" and makes ""finding a friend feels like a profound step beyond becoming lovers"". All That (song) ""All That"" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, ""Emotion"" (2015), included as its fifth

"All That (Lady)"
All That (Lady) ""All That (Lady)"" is a song by American rapper The Game, released as the second single from his fifth studio album ""Jesus Piece"". The song features additional vocals from fellow rappers Lil Wayne, Big Sean, Fabolous and American singer/rapper Jeremih. The song contains a clear vocal sample of ""Lady"" by D'Angelo. The week of the album's release the song ""All That (Lady)"" debuted at number 48 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. On December 4, 2012 Game premiered the song on Power 106's Big Boy Neighborhood in promotion of ""Jesus Piece"". After that it had been rumored

"New economy"
United States experienced a much discussed economic slowdown beginning in 1972. However, around 1995, U.S. economic growth accelerated, driven by faster productivity growth. From 1972 to 1995, the growth rate of output per hour, a measure of labor productivity, had only averaged around one-percent per year. But by the mid 1990s, growth became much faster: 2.65 percent from 1995–99. America also experienced increased employment and decreasing inflation. The economist Robert J. Gordon referred to this as a Goldilocks economy—-the result of five positive ""shocks""—–""the two traditional shocks (food-energy and imports) and the three new shocks (computers, medical care, and measurement)""

in 2012. While U.S. investment in R&D is high, it failed to reach President Obama's target of 3% of GDP by the end of his presidency in 2016. American supremacy is eroding in this respect, even as other nations—China, in particular—are carrying their own investment in R&D to new heights. Between 2009 and 2012, the United States' world share of research expenditure receded slightly from 30.5% to 28.1%. Several countries now devote more than 4% of GDP to R&D (Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea) and others plan to raise their own GERD/GDP ratio to 4% by 2020 (Finland

"Technological and industrial history of the United States"
role in this achievement. As of 2000, for-profit industry funded 57%, non-profit private organizations funded 7%, and the tax-funded National Institutes of Health funded 36% of medical research in the U.S. Funding by private industry increased 102% from 1994 to 2003. The National Institutes of Health consists of 24 separate institutes supporting the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disabilities. At any given time, grants from the NIH support the research of about 35,000 principal investigators, working in every US state and several foreign countries. Between 1971 and 1991, mortality from heart disease dropped 41 percent, strokes decreased

the number of business 'births' and that the trend continued at least through 2012. From 2003 to 2008, business research spending had followed a generally upward trajectory. In 2009, the curve inverted, as expenditure fell by 4% over the previous year then again in 2010, albeit by 1–2% this time. Companies in high-opportunity industries like health care cut back less than those in more mature industries, such as fossil fuels. The largest cutbacks in R&D spending were in agriculture production: −3.5% compared to the average R&D to net sales ratio. The chemicals and allied products industry and electronic equipment industry,

by 59 percent, and today more than 70 percent of children who get cancer are cured. Molecular genetics and genomics research have revolutionized biomedical sciences. In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers performed the first trial of gene therapy in humans and are now able to locate, identify, and describe the function of many genes in the human genome. Research conducted by universities, hospitals, and corporations also contributes to improvement in diagnosis and treatment of disease. NIH funded the basic research on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), for example. Many of the drugs used to treat this disease have emerged from

September 2008, with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and bailouts of several other financial institutions. The Bush administration (2001–2009) and Obama administrations (2009–2017) applied banking bailout programs and Keynesian stimulus via high government deficits, while the Federal Reserve maintained near-zero interest rates. These measures helped the economy recover, as households paid down debts from 2009–2012, the only years since 1947 where this occurred, presenting a significant barrier to recovery. Real GDP regained its pre-crisis (late 2007) peak by 2011, household net worth by Q2 2012, non-farm payroll jobs by May 2014, and the unemployment rate by September 2015. Each of

"Manufacturing in the United States"
real estate, rental, and leasing' sector, the 'Government' sector, or 'Professional and business services' sector. Though manufacturing output robustly recovered from the Great Recession to reach an all time high in 2018, manufacturing employment has been declining since the 1990s. This 'jobless recovery' made job creation or preservation in the manufacturing sector an important topic in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Manufacturing jobs helped build out the U.S. middle class after World War II, as the U.S. established pro-labor policies and faced limited global competition. Between 1980 and 1985, and then again 2001 to 2009, there were precipitous declines in

"Productivity improving technologies"
in U.S. economic history."" Alexander J. Field ""As industrialization has proceeded, its effects, relatively speaking, have become less, not more, revolutionary""...""There has, in effect, been a general progression in industrial commodities from a deficiency to a surplus of capital relative to internal investments"". Alan Sweezy, 1943 U.S. productivity growth has been in long term decline since the early 1970s, with the exception of a 1996–2004 spike caused by an acceleration of Moore's law semiconductor innovation. Part of the early decline was attributed to increased governmental regulation since the 1960s, including stricter environmental regulations. Part of the decline in productivity growth

"Muslim conquest of Persia"
were Sunni Muslims, though today Iran is known as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, recognizing Islam as their religion and the prophet's son in law, Ali as an enduring symbol of justice. According to Amoretti in Cambridge History of Islam, the Arab conquerors brought with them a new religion and a new language, but they did not use force to spread it. While giving freedom of choice, however, the Arab conquerors designated privileges for those who converted. During the Rashidun Caliphate, the official language of Persia (including Mesopotamia) remained Middle Persian (Pahlavi), just as the official languages of

"History of Iran"
– most prominently the Jalayirids, Muzaffarids, Sarbadars and Kartids. The mid-14th-century Black Death killed about 30% of the country's population. Prior to the rise of the Safavid Empire, Sunni Islam was the dominant religion, accounting for around 90% of the population at the time. According to Mortaza Motahhari the majority of Iranian scholars and masses remained Sunni until the time of the Safavids. The domination of Sunnis did not mean Shia were rootless in Iran. The writers of The Four Books of Shia were Iranian, as well as many other great Shia scholars. The domination of the Sunni creed during

"Religion in Iran"
Mongol conquest, but subsequently Shi'ism became eventually utterly dominant in all of Iran and modern-day Azerbaijan (though highly secular) with the advent of the Safavids. Islam has been the official religion and part of the governments of Iran since the Arab conquest of Iran circa 640 AD. It took another few hundred years for Shia Islam to gather and become a religious and political power in Iran. In the history of Shia Islam the first Shia state was Idrisid dynasty (780–974) in Maghreb, a region of north west Africa. Then the Alavids dynasty (864 – 928AD) became established in Mazandaran

In the 9th and 10th centuries, non-Arab subjects of the Ummah created a movement called Shu'ubiyyah in response to the privileged status of Arabs. Most of those behind the movement were Persian, but references to Egyptians, Berbers and Aramaeans are attested. Citing as its basis Islamic notions of equality of races and nations, the movement was primarily concerned with preserving Persian culture and protecting Persian identity, though within a Muslim context. The most notable effect of the movement was the survival of the Persian language to the present day. The Samanid dynasty led the revival of Persian culture and the

Iran
as the Proto-Iranic religion and the subsequent Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism were the dominant religions in Iran, particularly during the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian eras. This changed after the fall of the Sasanian Empire by the centuries-long Islamization that followed the Muslim Conquest of Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni until the conversion of the country (as well as the people of what is today the neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan) to Shia Islam by the order of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century. Today, Twelver Shia Islam is the official state religion, to which about 90% to 95% of the

world. The most famous and celebrated of all the nizamiyyah schools was Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (established 1065), where Nizam al-Mulk appointed the distinguished philosopher and theologian, al-Ghazali, as a professor. Other Nizamiyyah schools were located in Nishapur, Balkh, Herat, and Isfahan. While the dynasties avowed either Shia or Sunni, and institutions and individuals claimed either Sunni or Shia affiliations, Shia – Sunni relations were part of Islam in Iran and continue today when Ayatollah Khomeini also called for unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Today Islam is the religion of 99.6% of Iranians of which approximately 89% are Shia –

its mix of Persian as well as Arab rulers, the Muslim percentage of the population rose. As Persian Muslims consolidated their rule of the country, the Muslim population rose from approximately 40% in the mid-9th century to close to 100% by the end of the 11th century. Seyyed Hossein Nasr suggests that the rapid increase in conversion was aided by the Persian nationality of the rulers. Although Persians adopted the religion of their conquerors, over the centuries they worked to protect and revive their distinctive language and culture, a process known as Persianization. Arabs and Turks participated in this attempt.

Allah and Iblis. In Afghanistan, Islam was spread due to Umayyad missionary efforts particularly under the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and Umar ibn AbdulAziz. There were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities, along with smaller numbers of Buddhists and other groups. However, there was a slow but steady movement of the population towards Islam. The nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert. Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the ""dihqans"", or landed gentry. By the late 10th century, the majority of the Persians had become Muslim. Until the 15th century, most Persian Muslims

its military strength in the second half of the eighteenth century. The Safavid dynasty rose to power in Tabriz in 1501 and later conquered the rest of Iran. The Safavids were originally Sufi and Iran was Sunni. After their defeat at the hands of the Sunni Ottomans at the Battle of Chaldiran, to unite the Persians behind him Ismail I made conversion mandatory for the largely Sunni population to Twelver Shia so that he could get them to fight the Sunni Ottomans. This resulted in the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam. Zaydis, the largest group amongst the Shia

sacked the city and definitively ended the Abbasid dynasty. During the Abbassid period an enfranchisement was experienced by the ""mawali"" and a shift was made in political conception from that of a primarily Arab empire to one of a Muslim empire and c. 930 a requirement was enacted that required all bureaucrats of the empire be Muslim. Islamization was a long process by which Islam was gradually adopted by the majority population of Iran. Richard Bulliet's ""conversion curve"" indicates that only about 10% of Iran converted to Islam during the relatively Arab-centric Umayyad period. Beginning in the Abassid period, with

who is often associated with printing the first book using moveable type in germany

"Albrecht Pfister"
Bamberg, with the D-K type which Pfister later made use of, and which had originated with Gutenberg. Albrecht Pfister Albrecht Pfister (c. 1420 – c. 1466) was one of the very first European printers to use movable type, following its invention by Johannes Gutenberg. Working in Bamberg, Germany, he is believed to have been responsible for two innovations in the use of the new technology: printing books in the German language, and adding woodcuts to printed books. The typefaces of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, have their own peculiarities. Very little is known of his life. He is known to

Albrecht Pfister Albrecht Pfister (c. 1420 – c. 1466) was one of the very first European printers to use movable type, following its invention by Johannes Gutenberg. Working in Bamberg, Germany, he is believed to have been responsible for two innovations in the use of the new technology: printing books in the German language, and adding woodcuts to printed books. The typefaces of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, have their own peculiarities. Very little is known of his life. He is known to have been a cleric in Bamberg in 1448, and to have been connected with Georg I von

"Peter Schöffer"
originates from this brewery in Mainz, which is also known as the ""Brauerei Dreikönigshof"". According to the New York Times, in her 2014 novel ""Gutenberg's Apprentice"", Alix Christie addresses the issues of ""intellectual property theft"" relating to Schöffer and Gutenberg in the invention of printing. From the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection at the Library of Congress: Peter Schöffer Peter Schöffer or Petrus Schoeffer (c. 1425, Gernsheim – c. 1503, Mainz) was an early German printer, who studied in Paris and worked as a manuscript copyist in 1451 before apprenticing with Johannes Gutenberg and joining Johann Fust, a goldsmith, lawyer, and

"Ulrich Zell"
history of the discovery of printing is Zell's statement, preserved in the ""Chronicle of Cologne"" of 1499, that the year 1450 was the date of the beginning of printing, that the country-squire Johann Gutenberg was the inventor of it, and that the first book printed was the Latin Bible, the Vulgate. Ulrich Zell Ulrich Zell (died c.1507) was the first printer in Cologne. Zell was born at Hanau am Main, date unknown. He learned the art of printing before 1462 in the printing establishment of Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, and seems, shortly after the catastrophe of 1462, to have

"Johannes Gutenberg"
credits Gutenberg as the ""first inventor of printing"" in the very same passage (fol. 312). The first securely dated book by Dutch printers is from 1471, and the Coster connection is today regarded as a mere legend. The 19th-century printer and typefounder Fournier Le Jeune suggested that Gutenberg was not using type cast with a reusable matrix, but wooden types that were carved individually. A similar suggestion was made by Nash in 2004. This remains possible, albeit entirely unproven. It has also been questioned whether Gutenberg used movable types at all. In 2004, Italian professor Bruno Fabbiani claimed that examination

"Johann Fust"
burgomasters in 1462, when Mainz was stormed and sacked by the troops of Count Adolf II of Nassau, in the course of which he seems to have been killed (suggested by a document dated May 8, 1678). There is no evidence for the theory that Johann Fust was a goldsmith, but he appears to have been a money-lender or banker. Because of his connection with Johann Gutenberg, he has been called the inventor of printing, and the instructor as well as the partner of Gutenberg. Some see him as a patron and benefactor who saw the value of Gutenberg's discovery

Johannes Gutenberg Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (; – February 3, 1468) was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the printing press. His introduction of mechanical movable type printing to Europe started the Printing Revolution and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushering in the modern period of human history. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

previously used water-based inks. As printing material he used both paper and vellum (high-quality parchment). In the Gutenberg Bible, Gutenberg made a trial of coloured printing for a few of the page headings, present only in some copies. A later work, the Mainz Psalter of 1453, presumably designed by Gutenberg but published under the imprint of his successors Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, had elaborate red and blue printed initials. The Printing Revolution occurred when the spread of the printing press facilitated the wide circulation of information and ideas, acting as an ""agent of change"" through the societies that it

"Ernst Vögelin"
Heidelberg, was first to print Johannes Kepler's ""Astronomia Nova"". Ernst Vögelin's notable printings include the Protestant ""Corpus doctrinae"" under the title ""Corpus doctrinae christianae"". Ernst Vögelin Ernst Vögelin (August 10, 1529 - 1589) was a 16th-century German pioneer book printer. Vögelin was born in Konstanz. He studied in Leipzig, married a daughter of the first Leipzig printer Valentin Bapst, took over his shop, and expanded the establishment with a type foundry, publishing house, and a bookstore. By 1559 it has become the largest print shop in eastern Germany. Heavily indebted and accused of Calvinism, Vögelin had to leave the town

"World's largest airlines"
World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by number of destinations served. Note that Emirates is a government-owned company and is thus not included in this list of public companies. Its 2014-2015 revenue was billion ( billion), profit billion (

"Fortune Global 500"
North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland and United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, Germany, France and United Kingdom) are the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Global 500, 371 companies (74.2%) are from these six countries. The following is the list of top 10 companies. , this is the list of the top 10 countries with the most Global 500 companies. As can be seen from the table

billion), and assets billion ( billion) with 56,725 employees. The IATA reports numbers for individual air operator's certificates and groups of multiple airlines can report larger numbers. ""Airline holding groups"" ""Individual airlines"" World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by

above, 425 (85.0%) of the Global 500 are represented by only 10 countries: two in North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland and United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, France, Germany and United Kingdom) are some of the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Fortune Global 500, 371 companies (74.2%) are from these six countries. The top-ranked companies in each industry sector are as follows. Fortune Global 500 The

"Mehta Group"
Mehta Group The Mehta Group of Companies commonly referred to as the Mehta Group is a conglomerate based in Mumbai, India, with subsidiaries in the United States, Canada, Kenya and Uganda. The group employs in excess of 15,000 people worldwide and has an asset base in excess of US$350 million, as of April 2010. The group's businesses include investments in sugar, cement, packaging, floriculture, engineering, electrical cable, consulting, management, insurance, International Trade and International Finance. The group owes its foundation to Nanji Kalidas Mehta (1887–1969). He was born in India in the late 19th Century. In 1900, at the age

$50 billion. The top 10 had a combined wealth of $406 billion, up from $342 billion in 2010. According to Forbes editor Kerry Dolan, ""media and technology billionaires definitely benefited from a stronger stock market and a growing enthusiasm for all things social"" since the 2010 list. However, Nigerian commodity mogul Aliko Dangote was the greatest gainer on a percentage basis as his fortune increased 557 percent to $13.5 billion. Mark Zuckerberg was one of seven Facebook-related billionaires on the list, as he $9.5 billion to his fortune to move up to 52nd. Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz was the youngest

"Big business"
built around computer technology include: IBM, Microsoft, Apple Inc., Samsung, and Intel. Miniaturization and integrated circuits, together with an expansion of radio and television technologies, provided fertile ground for business development. Electronics businesses include JVC, Sony (Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita), and Texas Instruments (Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, and Patrick E. Chodery), while also the companies in the computer-section above can be considered electronics. Nuclear power was added to fossil fuel as the main sources of energy. The social consequences of the concentration of economic power in the hands of those persons controlling ""big business"" has

"Big Oil"
consolidation created some of the largest global corporations as defined by the Forbes Global 2000 ranking, and as of 2007 all were within the top 25. Between 2004 and 2007 the profits of the six supermajors totaled US$494.8 billion. Trading under various names around the world, the supermajors are considered to be: ConocoPhillips Company (United States) was also sometimes described as forming part of the group, before the Downstream activities spin-off. As of 2011 ExxonMobil ranked first among the supermajors measured by market capitalization, cash flow and profits. As a group, the supermajors control around 6% of global oil and

behind China, Germany and India by the number of billionaires. Self-made billionaires made up the largest number of people on the list with 1,191 positions (over 65 percent) while just 230 (under 13 percent) have wealth through inheritance. The number of billionaires who inherited a portion but are still working to increase their fortunes is 405. Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by ""Forbes""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s annual list of the world's billionaires. This was the 16th time that the founder of Microsoft claimed the top spot. Carlos Slim came in second for the second consecutive time. Warren Buffett

who was one of the first to chart the course of forgetting over time

Forgetting
German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885). Using himself as the sole subject in his experiment, he memorized lists of three letter nonsense syllable words—two consonants and one vowel in the middle. He then measured his own capacity to relearn a given list of words after a variety of given time period. He found that forgetting occurs in a systematic manner, beginning rapidly and then leveling off. Although his methods were primitive, his basic premises have held true today and have been reaffirmed by more methodologically sound methods. The Ebbinghaus ""forgetting curve"" is the name of his results which he plotted out

"Ribot's law"
Ribot's law Ribot's law of retrograde amnesia was hypothesized in 1881 by Théodule Ribot. It states that there is a time gradient in retrograde amnesia, so that recent memories are more likely to be lost than the more remote memories. Not all patients suffering from retrograde amnesia report the symptoms of Ribot's law. Ribot's law was first postulated by the French psychologist Théodule Ribot (1839–1916), who is recognized as one of the pioneer 19th century advocates for psychology as an objective and biologically based empirical field. Ribot's split from the mainstream ""Eclectic"" psychology of the era was associated with a

measures forgetting by the amount of training required to reach the previous level of performance. German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885) used this method on himself. He memorized lists of nonsensical syllables until he could repeat the list two times without error. After a certain interval, he relearned the list and saw how long it would take him to do this task. If it took fewer times, then there had been less forgetting. His experiment was one of the first to study forgetting. For this type of measurement, a participant has to identify material that was previously learned. The participant is

Time
the present. The present becomes an experience, which is qualitative instead of quantitative. Heidegger seems to think this is the way that a linear relationship with time, or temporal existence, is broken or transcended. We are not stuck in sequential time. We are able to remember the past and project into the future – we have a kind of random access to our representation of temporal existence; we can, in our thoughts, step out of (ecstasis) sequential time. In 5th century BC Greece, Antiphon the Sophist, in a fragment preserved from his chief work ""On Truth"", held that: """"Time is

"Involuntary memory"
a no less valid proof for its existence during the intervening time. As more exact observation teaches us, the occurrence of these involuntary reproductions is not an entirely random and accidental one. On the contrary they are brought about through the instrumentality of other immediately present mental images. Moreover, they occur in certain regular ways that, in general terms, are described under the so-called ""laws of association"".' Marcel Proust was the first person to coin the term involuntary memory, in his novel ""À la Recherche du Temps Perdu"" (""In Search of Lost Time"" or ""Remembrance of Things Past""). Proust did

"Forgetting curve"
material. The forgetting curve supports one of the seven kinds of memory failures: transience, which is the process of forgetting that occurs with the passage of time. In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve: where formula_2 is retrievability (a measure of how easy it is to retrieve a piece of information from memory), formula_3 is stability of memory (determines how fast formula_2 falls over time in the absence of training, testing or other recall), and formula_5 is time. Hermann Ebbinghaus ran a limited, incomplete study on himself and

published his hypothesis in 1885 as """" (later translated into English as ""Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology""). Ebbinghaus studied the memorisation of nonsense syllables, such as ""WID"" and ""ZOF"" (CVCs or Consonant-Vowel-Consonant) by repeatedly testing himself after various time periods and recording the results. He plotted these results on a graph creating what is now known as the ""forgetting curve"". From his discovery regarding the ""forgetting curve"", Ebbinghaus came up with the effects of ""overlearning"". Essentially, if you practiced something more than what is usually necessary to memorize it, you would have effectively achieved overlearning. Overlearning ensures that information

"Past life regression"
subject's life. Memories reported during past-life regression have been investigated, and revealed historical inaccuracies that are easily explained through a basic knowledge of history, elements of popular culture or books that discuss historical events. Experiments with subjects undergoing past-life regression indicate that a belief in reincarnation and suggestions by the hypnotist are the two most important factors regarding the contents of memories reported. In the 2nd century BC, the Hindu scholar Patañjali, in his Yoga Sutras, discussed the idea of the soul becoming burdened with an accumulation of impressions as part of the karma from previous lives. Patañjali called the

and made 2 conclusions. The first being that much of what we forget is lost soon after it is originally learned. The second being that the amount of forgetting eventually levels off. Around the same time, psychologist Sigmund Freud theorized that people intentionally forgot things in order to push bad thoughts and feelings deep into their unconscious, a process he called ""repression"". There is debate as to whether (or how often) memory repression really occurs and mainstream psychology holds that true memory repression occurs only very rarely. Modern terminology divides motivated forgetting into unconscious repression (which is disputed) and conscious

"Omphalos hypothesis"
age of the Universe in order to test our faith in the truth of the Torah, Rabbi Natan Slifkin, an author whose works have been banned by several Haredi rabbis for going against the tenets of the Talmud, writes: The five-minute hypothesis is a skeptical hypothesis put forth by the philosopher Bertrand Russell that proposes that the universe sprang into existence five minutes ago from nothing, with human memory and all other signs of history included. It is a commonly used example of how one may maintain extreme philosophical skepticism with regard to memory. Jorge Luis Borges, in his 1940

"Whip (politics)"
the speaker. Unlike the Senate's presiding officer, the Speaker is the leader of his or her party's caucus in the House. In both the House and the Senate, the minority whip is the second highest-ranking individual in the minority party (the party with the lesser number of legislators in a legislative body), outranked only by the minority leader. The whip position was created in the House of Representatives in 1897 by Republican Speaker Thomas Reed, who appointed James A. Tawney as the first whip. The first Democratic whip, Oscar Wilder Underwood, was appointed around 1900. In the Senate, the position

as ""Your attendance is absolutely essential"" next to each debate in which there will be a vote, underlined one, two or three times according to the severity of the whip: In the United States there are legislatures at the local (city councils, town councils, county boards, etc.), state, and federal levels. The federal legislature (Congress), the legislatures in all states except for Nebraska, and many county and city legislative bodies are divided along party lines and have whips, as well as majority and minority leaders. The whip is also the assistant majority or assistant minority leader. Both houses of Congress,

was created in 1913 by John W. Kern, chair of the Democratic caucus, when he appointed J. Hamilton Lewis as the first whip, while Republicans later chose James Wadsworth as the party's first in 1915. In most countries not now or formerly under control of the British Empire or part of the Commonwealth of Nations—like most of continental Europe and Asia—the position of whip does not officially exist. The whip's responsibilities are mostly exercised by the party leader or the leader of a parliamentary faction themselves. British author and politician Michael Dobbs wrote a trilogy of books, centred around a

the representative's seniority (i.e., in most cases, on the length of time they have held office). In the Senate, the majority whip is the third-highest ranking individual in the majority party (the party with the most seats). The majority whip is outranked by the majority leader and, unofficially, the president pro tempore. As the office of president pro tempore is largely honorific and usually given to the longest-serving senator of the majority, the majority whip is in reality the second-ranking senator in the majority conference. Similarly, in the House, the majority whip is outranked by both the majority leader and

party discipline among members of the caucus. The whip is also responsible for assigning offices and scheduling speakers from his or her party for various bills, motions and other proceedings in the House. In India, the concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule. Every major political party appoints a whip who is responsible for the party's discipline and behaviours on the floor of the house. Usually, they direct the party members to stick to the party's stand on certain issues and directs them to vote as per the direction of senior party members. However, there are some

leadership structure; and daily meetings in the Leader's office (or at breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to lay out floor strategy or political objectives for the minority party. A whip manages their party's legislative program on the House floor. The whip keeps track of all legislation and ensures that all party members are present when important measures are to be voted upon. The Majority Whip is an elected member of the majority party who assists the Speaker of the House and the majority leader to coordinate ideas on, and garner support for, proposed legislation. The Minority Whip is a member of

roles in the chamber include taking divisions, and maintaining a ""pairs book"" which controls the ability of members and senators to leave the parliament building during sittings, as well as the entitlement to be absent during divisions. Liberal Party whips are appointed by the leader of the party, while Australian Labor Party whips are elected by the Caucus. For Labor and the Liberals, the chief whip is assisted by two deputy whips. In Canada the Party Whip is the member of a political party in the Canadian House of Commons, the Canadian Senate or a provincial legislature charged with ensuring

support their constituents' views rather than the party line cannot easily be rejected by their party. Because members of Congress cannot serve simultaneously in executive positions, a whip in the United States cannot bargain for votes by using potential promotion or demotion in a sitting administration as an inducement. There is, however, a highly structured committee system in both houses of Congress, and a whip may be able to offer promotion or threaten demotion within that system instead. In the House of Representatives, the influence of a single member individually is relatively small and therefore depends a great deal on

"Chief Whip"
Chief Whip The Chief Whip is a political office in some legislatures whose task is to administer the whipping system that tries to ensure that members of the party attend and vote as the party leadership desires. = United Kingdom = In British politics, the Chief Whip of the governing party in the House of Commons is usually also appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury, a Cabinet position. The Government Chief Whip has an official residence at 12 Downing Street. However, the Chief Whip's office is currently located at 9 Downing Street. The Chief Whip can wield great power

in the House Leadership. The House Democratic Conference has multiple chief deputy whips, led by a Senior Chief Deputy Whip, which is the highest appointed position within the House Democratic Caucus. The current senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991. Between 1955 and 1973, the Democrats simply had the title Deputy Whip. The position of Assistant Democratic Leader was established on January 3, 2011 and filled by Jim Clyburn to avoid a battle for whip between then-Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and then-Majority Whip Jim Clyburn. It is said to replace the ""Assistant to the

""Jabberjaw"" (1976–78), ""Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels"" (1977–80), among others. In 1972, new one-hour episodes under the title ""The New Scooby-Doo Movies"" were created; each episode featuring a real or fictitious guest star helping the gang solve mysteries, including characters from other Hanna-Barbera series such as ""Harlem Globetrotters"", ""Josie and the Pussycats"" and ""Speed Buggy"", the comic book characters Batman and Robin (later adapted into their own Hanna-Barbera series, ""Super Friends"", a year later), and celebrities such as Sandy Duncan, The Addams Family, Cass Elliot, Phyllis Diller, Don Knotts and The Three Stooges. Hanna-Barbera musical director Hoyt Curtin composed

"What's New, Scooby-Doo?"
characters utilize technology that did not exist at the time ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" first aired. It is the first television series in the franchise in which Frank Welker, Grey DeLisle and Mindy Cohn respectively portrayed the voices of Scooby-Doo, Daphne and Velma, as well as the final one in which Casey Kasem portrayed Shaggy, having originally quit the role following a dispute regarding the portrayal of the character. The series premiered on September 14, 2002, and ran for three seasons before ending on July 21, 2006. The title song was performed by Canadian band Simple Plan. Reruns of the

as Fred, actress Nicole Jaffe as Velma, and musician Indira Stefanianna Christopherson as Daphne. Scooby's speech patterns closely resembled an earlier cartoon dog, Astro from ""The Jetsons"" (1962–63), also voiced by Messick. Seventeen episodes of ""Scooby-Doo Where are You!"" were produced in 1969–70. The series theme song was written by David Mook and Ben Raleigh, and performed by Larry Marks. Each of these episodes features Scooby and the four teenage members of Mystery, Inc.—Fred, Shaggy, Daphne and Velma—arriving at a location in the Mystery Machine, a van painted with psychedelic colors and flower power imagery. Encountering a ghost, monster, or

"Ben Raleigh"
I Love Her"" reached No.1 in the UK in 1960. ""Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)"" peaked at No.3 in the United States in 1946. Raleigh composed the theme song to ""Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!"" with David Mook. Hanna-Barbera attempted to buy him out, but he declined and chose a royalty instead. He died in a kitchen fire in his home in Los Angeles in 1997. Ben Raleigh Ben Raleigh (June 16, 1913, New York – February 26, 1997, Hollywood) was an American lyricist and composer responsible for a number of major hits, including ""Dungaree Doll"", ""Wonderful! Wonderful!"",

I would have gotten away with it, too, if it hadn't been for you meddling kids!"" Scheduled opposite another teenage mystery-solving show, ABC's ""The Hardy Boys"", ""Scooby-Doo"" became a ratings success, with Nielsen ratings reporting that as many as 65% of Saturday morning audiences were tuned in to CBS when ""Scooby-Doo"" was being broadcast. The show was renewed for a second season in 1970, for which eight episodes were produced. Seven of the second-season episodes featured chase sequences set to bubblegum pop songs recorded by Austin Roberts, who also re-recorded the theme song for this season. With Stefanianna Christopherson having

the characters' dance cycles himself). The show's theme song featured lyrics by series creator Tom Ruegger and music by composer John Debney also bore a similarity to the ""Intro Song"" from ""Little Shop of Horrors"", which had recently been adapted into a successful feature film. The music is almost always in a 1950s rock and roll style, possibly to indicate their younger age, as the original show took place in 1969. Warner Home Video initially released all 27 episodes of ""A Pup Named Scooby-Doo"" on DVD in Region 1 in seven volume sets. They subsequently re-released the entire series in

Roberts, and were performed by Roberts, who also made a new recording of the ""Scooby Doo, Where Are You!"" theme song for the second season. The series' theme song has been covered by several subsequent artists, including Matthew Sweet for the 1995 TV special and album """"; Third Eye Blind for the 1998 film ""Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island""; Billy Ray Cyrus for ""Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost"" (1999); Jennifer Love Hewitt for ""Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders"" (2000); the B-52's (Cindy, Kate and Fred) for ""Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase"" (2001); MxPx for the live-action ""Scooby-Doo"" film (2002); and Krystal

a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful. Beaver's idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had been running a fact-finding agency in London. The twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became ""The Guinness Book of Records"" in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away. After the founding of ""The Guinness Book of Records"" at 107 Fleet Street, London, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas.

The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies. Since then, ""Guinness World Records"" has gone on to become a record breaker in its own right; with sales of more than 100 million copies in 100 different countries and 37 languages, ""Guinness World Records"" is the world's best selling copyrighted book ever. Because the book became a surprise hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October, in time for Christmas. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years. Both brothers had an encyclopedic memory; on

the TV series ""Record Breakers"", based upon the book, they would take questions posed by children in the audience on various world records and were able to give the correct answer. Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975. Following Ross' assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called ""Norris on the Spot"". Guinness Superlatives (later Guinness World Records) Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the ""Guinness"" book in the US for decades. The group was owned

by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002. In 2006, Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World Records in early 2008 to the Jim Pattison Group, the parent company of Ripley Entertainment, which is licensed to operate Guinness World Records' Attractions. With offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records' global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors. Competitions range

"Hugh Beaver"
Hugh Beaver Sir Hugh Eyre Campbell Beaver, KBE (4 May 189016 January 1967) was a British engineer, industrialist, and founder of the ""Guinness World Records"", (then known as Guinness Book of Records) Beaver was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire, after which he spent two years in the Indian Police force from 1910. In 1921 he returned to England, before joining Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, Engineers. In 1931 the firm was commissioned by the Canadian government to conduct a survey of its national ports. Beaver spent seven months in Canada, during which time he was asked to supervise the rebuilding

"Red-eared slider"
and Florida. In nature, they inhabit areas with a source of still, warm water, such as ponds, lakes, swamps, creeks, streams, or slow-flowing rivers. They live in areas of calm water where they are able to leave the water easily by climbing onto rocks or tree trunks so they can warm up in the sun. Individuals are often found sunbathing in a group or even on top of each other. They also require abundant aquatic plants, as these are the adults' main food, although they are omnivores. Turtles in the wild always remain close to water unless they are searching

remain viable and available in the female's body in the absence of mating. During the last weeks of gestation, the female spends less time in the water and smells and scratches at the ground, indicating she is searching for a suitable place to lay her eggs. The female excavates a hole, using her hind legs, and lays her eggs in it. Incubation takes 59 to 112 days. Late-season hatchlings may spend the winter in the nest and emerge when the weather warms in the spring. Just prior to hatching, the egg contains 50% turtle and 50% egg sac. A new

rate drops dramatically, with heart rate and cardiac output dropping by 80% to minimise energy requirements. The lactic acid produced is buffered by minerals in the shell, preventing acidosis. Red-eared sliders kept captive indoors should not brumate. Courtship and mating activities for red-eared sliders usually occur between March and July, and take place under water. During courtship, the male swims around the female and flutters or vibrates the back side of his long claws on and around her face and head, possibly to direct pheromones towards her. The female swims toward the male and, if she is receptive, sinks to

that of the female is completely flat. The male's concave plastron also helps to stabilize the male on the female's carapace during mating. Older males can sometimes have a dark greyish-olive green melanistic coloration, with very subdued markings. The red stripe on the sides of the head may be difficult to see or be absent. The female's appearance is substantially the same throughout her life. The red-eared slider originated from the area around the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, in warm climates in the southeastern United States. Their native areas range from the southeast of Colorado to Virginia

hatchling breaks open its egg with its egg tooth, which falls out about an hour after hatching. This egg tooth never grows back. Hatchlings may stay inside their eggshells after hatching for the first day or two. If they are forced to leave the eggshell before they are ready, they will return if possible. When a hatchling decides to leave the shell, it still has a small sac protruding from its plastron. The yolk sac is vital and provides nourishment while visible, and several days later it will have been absorbed into the turtle's belly. The sac must be absorbed,

species with which they compete for food and breeding space. Red-eared sliders are almost entirely aquatic, but as they are cold-blooded, they leave the water to sunbathe to regulate their temperature. Red-eared sliders do not hibernate, but actually brumate; while they become less active, they do occasionally rise to the surface for food or air. Brumation can occur to varying degrees. In the wild, red-eared sliders brumate over the winter at the bottoms of ponds or shallow lakes. They generally become inactive in October, when temperatures fall below . During this time, the turtles enter a state of sopor, during

flip over with the yolk sac, which would allow air into the body cavity and cause death. The other fatal danger is water getting into the body cavity before the sac is absorbed completely and while the opening has not completely healed yet. The sex of red-eared sliders is determined by the incubation temperature during critical phases of the embryos' development. Only males are produced when eggs are incubated at temperatures of , whereas females develop at warmer temperatures. Colder temperatures result in the death of the embryos. Red-eared slider turtles are the world’s most commonly traded reptile, due to

unusual color varieties such as albino and pastel red-eared sliders, which are derived from captive breeding, are still allowed for sale. In Australia, breeding populations have been found in New South Wales and Queensland, and individual turtles have been found in the wild in Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia. Red-eared slider turtles are considered a significant threat to native turtle species – they mature more quickly, grow larger, produce more offspring and are more aggressive. Numerous studies provide evidence that red-eared slider turtles can out-compete native turtles for food and nesting and basking sites. Because red-eared slider

to keep her eggs warm. She may also have a change of diet, eating only certain foods, or not eating as much as she normally would. A female can lay between two and 30 eggs depending on body size and other factors. One female can lay up to five clutches in the same year, and clutches are usually spaced 12 to 36 days apart. The time between mating and egg-laying can be days or weeks. The actual egg fertilization takes place during the egg-laying. This process also permits the laying of fertile eggs the following season, as the sperm can

Red-eared slider The red-eared slider (""Trachemys scripta elegans""), also known as the red-eared terrapin, is a semiaquatic turtle belonging to the family Emydidae. It is a subspecies of the pond slider. It is the most popular pet turtle in the United States and is also popular as a pet in the rest of the world. It has, therefore, become the most commonly traded turtle in the world. It is native to the southern United States and northern Mexico, but has become established in other places because of pet releases, and has become an invasive species in many areas, where it

"Hyperion Heights"
from seasons past, the showrunners have said that they do not view season 7 as a reboot of the show: ""We're more thinking about it as a hybrid of a lot of things. We're paying homage to the original premise, but there are certain characters who are returning and some who are not. It's a combination of a lot of things, but what we're trying to do is go in a new direction but stay true to the spirit of what the show has always been."" ABC renewed the series for a seventh season on May 11, 2017. The premiere

"Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown"
Force against Erusea's unmanned drones. Trigger starts out as a member in Osea's Mage Squadron before being accused of murdering a former president and being sent to Osea's Spare Squadron, a penal military unit, for atonement. Announced in 2015 and originally set to be released in 2017, ""Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown"" will be released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on January 18, 2019, and for Microsoft Windows on February 1, 2019. The PlayStation 4 version will feature exclusive missions for PlayStation VR. Two-player local multiplayer will also be featured. The game is the first of the series

"Homeland (season 7)"
intelligence community who were arrested under President Keane's orders the previous season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a seventh and eighth season in August 2016. For this season, Maury Sterling, Jake Weber and Linus Roache were promoted to series regulars; Sterling has been recurring since the first season, while Weber and Roache both first appeared in the sixth season. The seventh season began production on September 11, 2017, filming in Richmond, Virginia. Filming wrapped in Budapest, Hungary on March 29, 2018. The writers initially planned for the series' seventh and eighth seasons to comprise a two-season arc, but current

Network during the first two seasons, subtitled ""Riders of Berk"" and ""Defenders of Berk"" respectively. Afterwards, the series was named ""Race to the Edge"", the first season of which debuted on Netflix on June 26, 2015. The second and third seasons of ""Dragons: Race to the Edge"" premiered on January 8 and June 24, 2016, respectively. The fourth season was released on February 17, 2017. The series was renewed for a fifth season, which was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017. The series (alongside the Netflix exclusive, ""All Hail King Julien"") is syndicated as part of the newly rebranded

"ESL Pro League Season 7"
Gaming defeating compLexity Gaming. The finals started on May 14, 2018 and ended on May 20, 2018 in Dallas, Texas, United States. Astralis defeated Team Liquid in four maps to claim the organization's first title. This tournament is the ninth tournament of the first season of the Intel Grand Slam, which is a list of premier tournaments run by ESL and DreamHack. The first team to win four titles would earn an extra $1,000,000. SK Gaming (ESL One Cologne 2017 and ESL Pro League Season 6) and FaZe Clan (ESL One New York 2017 and Intel Extreme Masters Season XIII

"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 7)"
In August 2016, it was revealed that filming for the seventh season had begun with the announcement of a returning housewife. On November 1, 2016, the trailer, premiere date and full cast were officially revealed. The season will premiere on December 6, 2016. Alex Baskin, Chris Cullen, Douglas Ross, Greg Stewart, Toni Gallagher, Dave Rupel and Andy Cohen are recognized as the series' executive producers; it is produced and distributed by Evolution Media. In June 2016, Yolanda Hadid announced that she had decided to leave the series after season six. Hadid revealed that she wished could depart the series on

"Tekken 7"
Art and background theme. A collaboration with ""Summer Lesson"", Bandai Namco's foray into PlayStation VR debuted on April 4, 2018. All female characters received costumes modeled after either of the game's three protagonists: Hikari Miyamoto, Allison Snow, and Chisato Shinjo. Characters then exclusive for the console version: Eddy Gordo, Eliza, Kuma, Lee Chaolan, Miguel Caballero Rojo, and Panda, were announced on July 12, 2017 to be added for arcades on July 27, 2017. Three out of ten stages added in the console version: G Corp. Helipad, Infinite Azure, and Violet Systems were added for arcades as part of the Ver.Q

"Archer (season 7)"
Archer (season 7) The seventh season of the animated television series, ""Archer"", premiered on FX on March 31, 2016. It was originally planned to consist of 13 episodes, however it was later changed to 10. The show's seventh season changes its setting from New York City to Los Angeles and follows the main characters as they run a private investigation agency in Hollywood. While developing the season, the creative team took inspiration from ""Magnum, P.I."" when writing the stories and they also used the series' location switch to change the series from the 1960s-aesthetic of prior seasons forward to 1970s-style,

Universal Kids on September 9, 2017. ""Dragons: Race to the Edge"" was renewed for a sixth and final season which was released on February 16, 2018. Taking place between ""How to Train Your Dragon"" and ""How to Train Your Dragon 2"", ""DreamWorks Dragons"" follows Hiccup as he tries to keep balance within the new cohabitation of Dragons and Vikings. Alongside keeping up with Berk's newest installment—A Dragon Training Academy—Hiccup, Toothless, and the rest of the Viking Teens are put to the test when they are faced with new worlds harsher than Berk, new dragons that can't all be trained, and

"Wolf Brother"
pack-brother. He realises the cub is the guide, and Torak names the cub ""Wolf"". Over time they become good friends. A few days later Torak and Wolf are captured by the Raven Clan, who accuse Torak of stealing one of their roebuck. They are taken to the Raven camp so Torak's fate can be decided by Fin-Kedinn, the Raven Clan leader. Torak's captors are a teenage boy named Hord, a girl named Renn, and a man named Oslak. In the Raven camp, Torak is taken to Fin-Kedinn. Unlike the other Ravens, Fin-Kedinn treats him with kindness and respect, until Fin-Kedinn

"The Half Brother"
go his own way. He hates Arnold, the stepfather, and tells Barnum that he rather would have been Barnum's father. Once, The Old One received a letter from Wilhelm, her fiancé, who disappeared while hunting in the Arctic Ocean and Greenland. The letter means a lot for everybody in the family. Barnum often reads it to Fred, who is dyslexic. Fred begins to show more respect for Barnum and his ability to write down his dreams, and gives him a typewriter as a birthday gift. Fred's recognition means a lot to Barnum. Fred attempts at a career as a boxer.

Black is their maternal half-sister, and Brady Black is their stepbrother. Eric returns home to Salem in the summer of 1997 dead set against his mother's relationship with John Black. Meanwhile, he suspects Sami of faking amnesia to get Austin Reed to fall in love with her. With the help of Carrie and her friend, Mike Horton, Eric helps uncover Sami's schemes just before her wedding to Austin. The group also reveals that Sami's son Will was actually fathered by Lucas Roberts, not Austin as Sami has been claiming. Sami is furious with Eric for his betrayal but she soon

"Cassie Brady"
the revelation that he is indeed her half-brother. It is soon revealed that the twins knew all along who their parents were, but kept quiet with the hopes of becoming ""DiMeras."" Cassie has little time to process this information until she was killed by the ""Salem Stalker"" (a mind controlled Marlena). Cassie body was found with multiple stab wounds in a Thanksgiving pinata. Her mother Kate was found later holding the bloody knife and was arrested but, in reality, her death, as well as several other Salem residents, are staged in a plot by André DiMera (impersonating Tony). Months later

P. T. Barnum. Barnum is sharp but very short and therefore lacks confidence. He is impressed by Fred's rebellious attitude. He attends a dance class where he meets Peder and Vivian. After being sent out from the first lesson, the three meet and hang out every time their parents think they are dancing. The three become close friends and stay by themselves for the most time. Vivian becomes a kind of girlfriend for both of the boys. Fred and Barnum share the same bedroom. They often have confidential talks at night. Fred tries to influence Barnum to become tougher and

"Ukiah Oregon"
Trail"". Jared Kicking Deer is the sheriff of Pendleton and Zoe's older brother. He doesn't believe Ukiah at first, and is hostile toward him, but eventually comes to accept him as Magic Boy. He is kidnapped by the Pack and turned into a Get after it is revealed that he knows about the Ontongard. He helped Ukiah recover Zoe and the Kraynaks and reverse the Ontongard infection. He chooses to stay part of the Pack after Ukiah offers to reverse his infection as well. His first appearance is in ""Tainted Trail"". Cassidy Kicking Deer is Ukiah's distant cousin and the

"Jonah Hex"
vol. 2, #50). Joshua Dazzleby is Jonah's half-brother and is introduced in the graphic novel """". (2010) In most of his stories, Jonah Hex displays no supernatural or superhuman powers; however, he does possess some exceptional abilities, acquired through a combination of talent and training. Despite being blind in his right eye, Hex is an outstanding marksman who rarely misses his target. He is extremely fast on the draw and can be seen in many stories gunning down multiple foes before any of them can get off a shot. He can wield two guns, one in each hand, with equal

"Closer (novel)"
and Dr. Burrows, and capture them. Elliott watches the scene from high in one of the giant trees of the jungle, and before Cox can slice off one of Will's fingers at the behest of the Rebeccas, she shoots and kills him. Dr. Burrows begins trying to communicate to Elliott in a way that makes it seem as though what's going on isn't serious and that The Rebeccas are bluffing when they threaten to kill him. Rebecca Two then says that they aren’t, and without hesitation shoots Dr. Burrows and allows him to bleed to death, putting Will in a

"Infamous Second Son"
ability of Power Absorption, allowing him to use other Conduits' powers. His brother, Reggie (Travis Willingham), is the local sheriff, and often arrests Delsin for his acts of vandalism. Both are Akomish Native Americans, whose territory lies at the shore of Salmon Bay, Washington. The antagonist is Brooke Augustine (Christine Dunford), the director of the D.U.P. and a Conduit with power over Concrete. Her actions in the Akomish reservation drive Delsin to travel to Seattle, now under lockdown by D.U.P. forces. Delsin and Reggie encounter three other Conduits: Henry ""Hank"" Daughtry (David Stanbra), a convict with control over Smoke; Abigail

"Peter Youngblood Hills"
Peter Youngblood Hills Peter Youngblood Hills (born 28 January 1978) is an Anglo-American actor. He is perhaps best known for his supporting role of Sgt. Darrell ""Shifty"" Powers in HBO’s World War II mini-series, ""Band of Brothers"". He was born in Johannesburg, to an American mother (raised in North East Tennessee, USA) and English father (who was raised in Lusaka, Zambia). Both Parents were trained as classical singers. His parents separated when he was a child and his father remarried his step mother; a lifetime choir master and music teacher. He has three half siblings from his mothers previous marriage.

"Rear-view mirror"
on automated teller machines and similar. Rear-view mirror A rear-view mirror (or rearview mirror) is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle's rear window (rear windshield). In cars, the rear-view mirror is usually affixed to the top of the windshield on a double-swivel mount allowing it to be adjusted to suit the height and viewing angle of any driver and to swing harmlessly out of the way if impacted by a vehicle occupant in a collision. The rear-view mirror is augmented by one or more side-view mirrors, which serve

Rear-view mirror A rear-view mirror (or rearview mirror) is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle's rear window (rear windshield). In cars, the rear-view mirror is usually affixed to the top of the windshield on a double-swivel mount allowing it to be adjusted to suit the height and viewing angle of any driver and to swing harmlessly out of the way if impacted by a vehicle occupant in a collision. The rear-view mirror is augmented by one or more side-view mirrors, which serve as the only rear-vision mirrors on

"Wing mirror"
Wing mirror A wing mirror, also known as the fender mirror, door mirror, outside rear-view mirror or side view mirror, is a mirror found on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle, outside the driver's peripheral vision (in the 'blind spot'). For mirrors on bicycles and motorcycles see ""Rear-view mirror"". Although almost all modern cars mount their side mirrors on the doors—normally at the A-pillar—rather than the wings (the portion of the body above the wheel well), the term ""wing mirror"" is still frequently used.

as the distance increases. This is a safety issue which the driver must compensate for, often with a person guiding the truck back in congested areas, or by backing in a curve. “Spot mirrors”, a convex mirror which provides a distorted image of the entire side of the vehicle, are commonly mounted on at least the right side of a vehicle. In the U.S. mirrors are considered “safety equipment”, and are not included in width restrictions. Depending on the type of motorcycle, the motorcycle may or may not have rear-view mirrors. Street-legal motorcycles are generally required to have rear-view mirrors.

planar, convex, and/or aspheric mirrors on either side of the vehicle. American research suggests non-planar driver side mirrors may help reduce crashes. Wing mirror A wing mirror, also known as the fender mirror, door mirror, outside rear-view mirror or side view mirror, is a mirror found on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle, outside the driver's peripheral vision (in the 'blind spot'). For mirrors on bicycles and motorcycles see ""Rear-view mirror"". Although almost all modern cars mount their side mirrors on the doors—normally at

Current systems usually use photosensors mounted in the rear-view mirror to detect light and dim the mirror by means of electrochromism. This electrochromic feature has also been incorporated into side-view mirrors allowing them to dim and reduce glare as well. On trucks and buses the load often blocks rearward vision out the backlight. In the U.S. virtually all trucks and buses have a side view mirror on each side, often mounted on the doors and viewed out the side windows, which are used for rear vision. These mirrors leave a large unviewable (“blind”) area behind the vehicle, which tapers down

mirrors. Camera systems are usually mounted to the rear bumper or lower parts of the car, allowing for better rear visibility. Aftermarket secondary rear-view mirrors are available. They attach to the main rear-view mirror and are independently adjustable to view the back seat. This is useful to enable adults to monitor children in the back seat. A prismatic rear-view mirror—sometimes called a ""day/night mirror""—can be tilted to reduce the brightness and glare of lights, mostly for high-beam headlights of vehicles behind which would otherwise be reflected directly into the driver's eyes at night. This type of mirror is made of

Cain from France patented a """"Warning mirror for automobiles"""". The Argus Dash Mirror, adjustable to any position to see the road behind, appeared in 1908. Earliest known rear-view mirror mounted on a racing vehicle appeared on Ray Harroun's Marmon race car at the inaugural Indianapolis 500 race in 1911. Harroun himself claimed he got the idea from seeing a mirror used for a similar purpose on a horse-drawn vehicle in 1904. Harroun also claimed that the mirror vibrated constantly due to the rough brick surface, and it was rendered largely useless. Elmer Berger is usually credited with inventing the rear-view

collimated (parallel) beam of light diverges (spreads out) after reflection from a convex mirror, since the normal to the surface differs with each spot on the mirror. The passenger-side mirror on a car is typically a convex mirror. In some countries, these are labeled with the safety warning ""Objects in mirror are closer than they appear"", to warn the driver of the convex mirror's distorting effects on distance perception. Convex mirrors are preferred in vehicles because they give an upright, though diminished, image and because they provide a wider field of view as they are curved outwards. These mirrors are

an undistorted 1:1 reflection achieved with a flat mirror. However, unit magnification limits the field of view that can be provided by a mirror of size compatible with the vehicle body. The ECE regulations in use throughout most of the world except North America permit the driver side mirror to have a planar, convex, or aspheric surface; an aspheric section is often combined with a larger convex section, and the two sections are separated by a visible line to alert the driver to the two sections' different perspective shifts. Because of the distance from the driver's eye to the ""passenger""

"Cora Pearl"
of you..."" At age thirty-seven, Pearl found herself involved in an incident that would result in an irreversible downturn in her fortunes. She had become embroiled in a relationship with a wealthy young man, Alexandre Duval, ten years her junior. His obsession with her was so intense, he spent his entire fortune on sustaining his liaison with her—giving her jewels, fine horses and money. It was reported that at one point Duval gave her an exquisitely bound book, a hundred-page volume where each page was bookmarked by a one thousand franc bill. Pearl ultimately dismissed him, a finality that Duval

street prostitute, she made a connection with a procurer, a ""Monsieur Roubisse,"" who set her up in more suitable quarters, taught her the business rudiments of her new trade and tutored her in refining and broadening her repertoire of professional skills. After six years, she despaired of ever freeing herself from his all-encompassing influence. However, fate stepped in, the procurer died of a heart attack, liberating Emma. Her first lover of distinction was the multi-titled, twenty-five-year-old Victor Masséna, third Duke du Rivoli, and later fifth Prince of Essling. He set her up in opulence, showering her with money, jewels, servants

"Cora Semmes Ives"
Randolph a winged horse named Hope which transports him to the moon, a beautiful utopian society. Randolph undergoes a series of challenges to win the hand of the Princess of the Moon, but their wedding is interrupted by the appearance of Yankee carpetbaggers, invading the moon in hot air balloons, accompanied by Randolph's former slave. The Fairy of the Moon summons dragons to drive off the Yankee balloonists, who drop the silverware they looted from Randolph's plantation as they flee. The Fairy bestows on Randolph a new Confederate uniform complete with a sword and he lives happily ever after with

enduring admirer was Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, the Emperor’s distinguished cousin. She met the extremely wealthy prince in 1868 when he was forty-two years old. Their liaison lasted nine years, the longest relationship in Pearl's career. He bought her several homes, one a veritable palace: ""les Petites Tuileries."" In 1860, Pearl made an appearance at a masquerade ball attended by the elite of Parisian society. She caused a sensation as a scantily costumed Eve, whose degree of nudity diverged little from the biblical original. Invariably enthusiastic about exhibiting her physical charms to an audience, she took the role of

and a private chef. He provided her with funds for gambling when she visited the casinos and racecourse in the fashionable resort of Baden, Germany. He bought her the first horse she ever owned, and she became an accomplished equestrienne; it was said ""she rode like an Amazon"" and ""was kinder to her horses than her lovers."" Her liaison with Masséna lasted five years. While cultivating Masséna, she was simultaneously sharing her favors with Prince Achille Murat, a man much older than Masséna. By 1860, Pearl was one of the most celebrated courtesans in Paris. She was the mistress of

notable aristocrats, the Prince of Orange, heir to the throne of the Netherlands, Ludovic, Duc de Grammont-Caderousse, and more significantly Charles Duc de Morny, who was the half-brother of the Emperor Napoleon III. The Emperor’s brother generously contributed to the opulent life Pearl demanded. In 1864, Pearl rented a chateau in the region of the Loiret. Known as the Chateau de ""Beauséjour"" (""beautiful sojourn""), it was a luxuriously appointed residence of stained glass windows, costly decorations and immaculately maintained interiors and grounds. Her boudoir boasted a custom-made bronze bathtub monogrammed with her intertwined initials. The château was conceived for gala

dangers a young woman faced out in the streets unchaperoned. On her own one day, she accepted the advances of an older man who approached her on the street, allowing him to take her to a drinking den where he wooed her with cakes and plied her with alcohol and ultimately took her virginity. Upon awakening, she found the man had left her a five-pound note — more money than she had ever seen. She was approximately twenty years old at the time and later said the encounter left her with ""an instinctive horror of men."" While this may have

"Cora Crane"
Calling herself ""Cora Taylor,"" she bought the Hotel de Dreme from its proprietor, Ethel Dreme, and remodeled it as a popular ""nightclub"" called the Hotel de Dream. Technically the elegant establishment was not a brothel because, although a man could meet a woman there for a sexual assignation, they had to go elsewhere to conduct ""business"". Cora, still legally Mrs. Stewart, met writer and journalist Stephen Crane in 1896. They soon became lovers. He was in Jacksonville en route to Cuba to cover the Spanish–American War. He stayed in the St. James Hotel. He was known for his popular book,

"Belle Cora (Arabella Ryan)"
that the baby died and she met Charles Cora. The alternate and more prominently upheld version depicts Belle Cora to be the daughter of Irish Catholic parents in Baltimore. In this version, she and her sister work at a dress shop next to a brothel. Intrigued by the house, they become involved with the sex trade. It is then supposed that Belle Cora ventured to Charleston, South Carolina. During her time there, she became the mistress of a man who was later killed. The death prompted her to move to New Orleans In New Orleans in 1849 she met Charles

been her first experience of this type, she was not entirely innocent of sexual matters. During her years at the all female French convent school she attended, she had engaged in numerous same-sex relationships. After her abrupt initiation into heterosexual sex, she did not return to her grandmother's home, nor go back to her mother, but rented a room for herself in Covent Garden. On her own in London, Pearl made the acquaintance of Robert Bignell, proprietor of a notorious pleasure establishment, The Argyll Rooms. A combination of bar, dance hall, and women available for hire, it provided private alcoves

"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"
turned up archival versions of the story that had been collected before ""Going Home"" had been written. Levine and Brown first offered the song to Ringo Starr, but Al Steckler of Apple Records told them that they should be ashamed of the song and described it as ""ridiculous"". In April 1973, the recording by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando reached No. 1 in the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 (chart date 21 April 1973) in the US, and stayed at No. 1 for four weeks. ""Tie A Yellow Ribbon"" sold 3 million records in the US in three weeks. It also reached No.

"Irwin Levine"
Irwin Levine Irwin Jesse Levine (March 23, 1938 – January 21, 1997) was an American songwriter, who co-wrote the song ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"" with L. Russell Brown. The song was a worldwide hit for Tony Orlando and Dawn as it reached number one on both the US and UK charts for four weeks in April 1973 and number one on the Australian charts for seven weeks from May to July 1973. It was the top-selling single in 1973 in both the US and UK. In 2008, ""Billboard"" ranked the song as the 37th biggest

covering the event described use of the tune as a protest song. Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"" is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell, with Motown/Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins, Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals. It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973. The single reached the top 10 in ten countries, in eight of which it topped the charts.

Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"" is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell, with Motown/Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins, Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals. It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973. The single reached the top 10 in ten countries, in eight of which it topped the charts. It reached number one on both the US and UK charts for

"Yellow ribbon"
uses the white ribbon as a sign of forgiveness, and cites the story as the precursor to the tradition of the yellow ribbon for welcome home and forgiveness: The symbol became widely known in civilian life in the 1970s. It was the central theme of the popular song ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"", Written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and recorded by Tony Orlando and Dawn (among many others), as the sign a released prisoner requested from his wife or lover to indicate that she would welcome him home. He would be able to

of it in which James Earl Jones played the role of the returning ex-con. According to L. Russell Brown, he read Hamill's story in the ""Reader's Digest"", and suggested to his songwriting partner Irwin Levine that they write a song based on it. Levine and Brown then registered for copyright the song which they called ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon 'Round the Ole Oak Tree"". At the time, the writers said they heard the story while serving in the military. Pete Hamill was not convinced and filed suit for infringement. Hamill dropped his suit after folklorists working for Levine and Brown

four weeks in April 1973, number one on the Australian charts for seven weeks from May to July 1973 and number one on the New Zealand charts for ten weeks from June to August 1973. It was the top-selling single in 1973 in both the US and UK. In 2008, ""Billboard"" ranked the song as the 37th biggest song of all time in its issue celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Hot 100. The song is told from the point of view of someone who has ""done his time"" but is uncertain if he will be welcomed home. He writes

or in jail, would be welcomed home on their return. In October 1971, newspaper columnist Pete Hamill wrote a piece for the ""New York Post"" called ""Going Home"". In it, he told a variant of the story, in which college students on a bus trip to the beaches of Fort Lauderdale make friends with an ex-convict who is watching for a yellow handkerchief on a roadside oak in Brunswick, Georgia. Hamill claimed to have heard this story in oral tradition. In June 1972, nine months later, ""Reader's Digest"" reprinted ""Going Home"". Also in June 1972, ABC-TV aired a dramatized version

"Lemon Tree (Will Holt song)"
Alpert and the Tijuana Brass, Sandie Shaw, and Roger Whittaker. In 1965, Trini Lopez recorded the most successful version of the song which hit number twenty on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number two on the ""Billboard"" Middle Road Singles chart. A reference is made to the song in the Seinfeld episode ‘The Phone Message’ (Season 2, Episode 4, 17:38). Another television reference has the character Jefferson singing it during a dream sequence in the Married With Children episode ‘Lookin' for a Desk in All the Wrong Places’(Season 6, Episode 5, 17:00). Lemon Tree (Will Holt song) ""Lemon Tree"" is

"L. Russell Brown"
My Sweet Gypsy Rose"". ""Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree"" appears in such films as Wallace and Gromitt, ""Fargo"", and ""Forrest Gump"", and has reputedly been recorded over one thousand times. One of Brown's later successes as a writer was ""Use It Up and Wear It Out"", co-written with Sandy Linzer, which was a #1 hit in the UK for Odyssey in 1980. Other musicians who have recorded his songs include Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Perry Como, Lesley Gore, Ray Conniff, Johnny Mathis, and Donny Osmond. L. Russell Brown Lawrence ""Larry"" Russell Brown (born June 29, 1940),

"Crown-of-thorns starfish"
Crown-of-thorns starfish The crown-of-thorns starfish, ""Acanthaster planci"", is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest starfish in the world. ""A. planci"" has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It

study of ""A. planci"" by Vogler ""et al""., using DNA analyses (one mitochondrial gene), suggests it is actually a species complex consisting of four species or clades. The four cryptic species/clades are defined geographically: northern Indian Ocean, southern Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Pacific Ocean. These molecular data suggest the species/clades diverged 1.95 and 3.65 million years ago. (The divergence of ""A. planci"" and ""A. brevispinus"" is not included in this time-scale.) The authors suggest the differences between the four putative species in behaviour, diet or habitat may be important for the design of appropriate reef conservation strategies. There are,

that it was first described in 1705. Rhumphius used the name ""Stella marina quindecium radiotorum"". Later, Linnaeus described it as ""Asterias planci"", based on an illustration by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743), when he introduced his system of binomial nomenclature. No type specimens are known; the specimen described by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743) is no longer extant. Subsequent generic names used for the crown-of-thorns starfish included ""Stellonia"", ""Echinaster"" and ""Echinites"", before settling on ""Acanthaster"" (Gervais 1841). Species names included ""echintes"", ""solaris"", ""mauritensis"", ""ellisii"", and ""ellisii pseudoplanci"" (with subspecies). Most of these names arose from confusion in the historical literature, but ""Acanthaster

between the Indian and Pacific Ocean populations. Those, however, off northern Western Australia had a strong Pacific affinity. With the exception of the very strong connection of southern Japanese populations to the Great Barrier Reef populations, the patterns of variation within regions were consistent with isolation by distance. Again, the pattern of decreasing levels of successful larval dispersal over long distances is apparent. Benzie suggests that the divergence between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations began at least 1.6 million years ago and is likely to reflect responses to changes in climate and sea level. A more recent comprehensive geographic

in the central (Hawaii) and eastern Pacific (Gulf of California) populations suggests they were derived from those in the western Pacific. Further details of the genetic relationship between ""A. planci"" and ""Acanthaster brevispinus"" are presented in the entry for the latter species. These are clearly sibling species and it is suggested that ""A. planci"", the specialised coral-feeding species arose from ""A. brevispinus"", the less specialised soft-bottom inhabitant. In a very comprehensive geographic study, Benzie examined allozyme loci variation in 20 populations of "" A. planci"", throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The most striking result was a very marked discontinuity

was observed between degree of genetic differentiation and geographic distance, suggesting the genetic homogeneity among ""A. planci"" populations is due to gene flow by planktonic larval dispersion. The distance effect on genetic differentiation most probably reflects decreasing levels of successful larval dispersal over long distances. In view of the level of macrogeographic homogeneity, significant allele frequency differences were observed between adjacent populations separated by approximately 10 km. The Hawaiian population was most differentiated from other populations. Treating the morphologically distinctive, eastern Pacific ""Acanthaster"" as a separate species, ""A. ellisii"", is not supported by these data. The lack of unique alleles

ellisii"" came to be used for the distinctive starfish in the eastern Pacific Gulf of California. The eastern Pacific ""Acanthaster"" is very distinctive (see image to the right) with its rather 'plump' body, large disk to total diameter ratio and short, blunt spines. It gives the impression of living in a habitat where having sharp defenses against predators has little value, although it lives on coral reef and feeds on coral. Nishida and Lucas examined variation at 14 allozyme loci of ten population samples of ""A. planci"" using starch-gel electrophoresis. The samples were from localities across the Pacific: Ryukyu archipelago

genetic material. ""A. planci"" as a taxon is a generalist, being amongst the most ubiquitous of large coral predators on coral reefs, feeding on virtually all hard coral species, reproducing during summer without a pattern of spawning and often participating in mass multi-species spawnings, and releasing vast amounts of gametes that trigger spawning in other individuals. It is very difficult to conceive of two species/clades of ""A. planci"" in sympatry without habitat competition and introgression of genetic material, especially the latter. Starfish are characterised by having saponins known as asterosaponins in their tissues. They contain a mix of these saponins,

and were also observed spawning in the Gulf of Thailand in September. High rates of egg fertilisation may be achieved through the behaviour of proximate and synchronised spawning (see above in Behaviour). Embryonic development begins about 1.5 hours after fertilisation, with the early cell divisions (cleavage) (photograph). By 8–9 hours it has reached the 64-cell stage. By Day 1 the embryo has hatched as a ciliated gastrula stage (photograph). By Day 2 the gut is complete and the larva is now known as a bipinnaria (photographs). It has ciliated bands along the body and uses these to swim and filter

acunimata"", were included in the aquaria with the encrusting algae and at about the time the juvenile starfish achieved their full number of arms they began feeding on the corals. Juvenile ""A. planci"" that had reached the stage of feeding on coral were then reared for some years in the same large closed-circuit seawater system that was used for the early juveniles. They were moved to larger tanks and kept supplied with coral so that food was not a limiting factor on growth rate. The growth curves of size versus age were sigmoidal, as seen in majority marine invertebrates. There

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)"
outdoor pool scenes at the beginning and the end of the movie were filmed at Steveston Outdoor pool in Richmond, BC. Filming occurred at the Steveston Outdoor pool during the beginning of September 2011. The Chinese Bunkhouse at the Steveston Shipyards in Richmond, BC was the location of the Wilderness Explorers cabin for Troop 133. During filming, stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron, were seen riding the Corkscrew at Playland at Vancouver's fair, the PNE. A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to ""The Three Stooges"". An advance screening for the film was held on

Cheese before a teacher chases them off. When the other kids notice that the Cheese has been eaten, Greg takes the fall for Rowley by saying he ate it. This mends their friendship as Greg invites Rowley to play at his house. At the end of the school year, Greg and Rowley make the yearbook Class Favorites page as ""Cutest Friends."" Filming of ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" was in Vancouver and wrapped up on October 16, 2009. Lucas Cruikshank, best known for creating the web series ""Fred"", had auditioned for the role as Greg Heffley. Even though he was

"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw"
fool of himself at their neighbor's birthday party. The next day, his dad reconsiders his decision to send Greg to Spag Union, and the book ends with Greg looking forward to his summer vacation. On August 3, 2012, a film based on this book and the fourth book, """", was released; the movie starred Zachary Gordon, Steve Zahn, Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell and Karan Brar. Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011. A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to

"The Diary of a Teenage Girl"
video and actors action took place in a full surround environment. It was critically acclaimed and ran for six weeks in March-April 2010. The success of the production helped convince Phoebe Gloeckner to give the film rights to Heller. On January 10, 2014, Kristen Wiig, Alexander Skarsgård, and Bel Powley were reported to have joined the cast of the film as leads. Caviar co-financed with Cold Iron Pictures, and co-produced with Archer Gray Productions. Principal photography began on January 10, 2014 in San Francisco, California, and continued into February. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival

The film was released on March 25, 2011. Talks of a sequel were announced after the release of the first, but was not officially announced until May 12, 2010, announcing that it would be released March 25, 2011. Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia and New Westminster, British Columbia from August 23 to October 27, 2010. The mall scene was filmed at Park Royal Mall in West Vancouver. Director Thor Freudenthal was replaced by director David Bowers (""Flushed Away"" and ""Astro Boy""). The film's trailer was shown with ""Gulliver's Travels"" on December 25, 2010. It was later online on

all hang out together at the local pool. Greg describes that his summer did not go the way he expected, but had positive circumstances. This film is the last movie in the ""Diary of a Wimpy Kid"" film series to feature the original cast, as they aged out of their roles as middle-schoolers. Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011. The location for the country club pool was Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool in Coquitlam, BC. Filming at Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool took place during the end of August 2011. The municipal

chain electrons move from an electron donor (NADH or QH) to a terminal electron acceptor (O) via a series of redox reactions. These reactions are coupled to the creation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are three proton pumps: ""I"", ""III"", and ""IV"". The resulting transmembrane proton gradient is used to make ATP via ATP synthase. The reactions catalyzed by ""Complex I"" and ""Complex III"" work roughly at equilibrium. This means that these reactions are readily reversible, by increasing the concentration of the products relative to the concentration of the reactants (for example, by increasing the

"Proton pump"
(potential energy) that can be used to drive a multitude of biological processes such as ATP synthesis, nutrient uptake and action potential formation. In cell respiration, the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space. It is an active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside. The difference in pH and electric charge (ignoring differences in buffer capacity) creates an electrochemical potential difference that works similar to that of a battery or energy storing unit for

subunits. Protons in the inter-membranous space of mitochondria first enters the ATP synthase complex through ""a"" subunit channel. Then protons move to the c subunits. The number of c subunits it has determines how many protons it will require to make the F turn one full revolution. For example, in humans, there are 8 c subunits, thus 8 protons are required. After ""c"" subunits, protons finally enters matrix using ""a"" subunit channel that opens into the mitochondrial matrix. This reflux releases free energy produced during the generation of the oxidized forms of the electron carriers (NAD and Q). The free

"2018 FIFA World Cup"
program in network history). 2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video

2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.

are in European Russia, while Sochi and Yekaterinburg are very close to the Europe-Asia border, to reduce travel time for the teams in the huge country. The bid evaluation report stated: ""The Russian bid proposes 13 host cities and 16 stadiums, thus exceeding FIFA's minimum requirement. Three of the 16 stadiums would be renovated, and 13 would be newly constructed."" In October 2011, Russia decreased the number of stadiums from 16 to 14. Construction of the proposed Podolsk stadium in the Moscow region was cancelled by the regional government, and also in the capital, Otkrytiye Arena was competing with Dynamo

Stadium over which would be constructed first. The final choice of host cities was announced on 29 September 2012. The number of cities was further reduced to 11 and number of stadiums to 12 as Krasnodar and Yaroslavl were dropped from the final list. Of the 12 stadiums used for the tournament, 3 (Luzhniki, Yekaterinburg and Sochi) have been extensively renovated and the other 9 stadiums to be used are brand new; $11.8 billion has been spent on hosting the tournament. Sepp Blatter stated in July 2014 that, given the concerns over the completion of venues in Russia, the number

at 18:00 MSK at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow. The 32 teams were drawn into 8 groups of 4, by selecting one team from each of the 4 ranked pots. For the draw, the teams were allocated to four pots based on the FIFA World Rankings of October 2017. Pot 1 contained the hosts Russia (who were automatically assigned to position A1) and the best seven teams, pot 2 contained the next best eight teams, and so on for pots 3 and 4. This was different from previous draws, when only pot 1 was based on FIFA rankings while

stadiums used during the tournament. Of the twelve venues used, the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and the Saint Petersburg Stadium – the two largest stadiums in Russia – were used most, both hosting seven matches. Sochi, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara all hosted six matches, including one quarter-final match each, while the Otkrytiye Stadium in Moscow and Rostov-on-Don hosted five matches, including one round-of-16 match each. Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg and Saransk all hosted four matches, but did not host any knockout stage games. A total of twelve stadiums in eleven Russian cities were built and renovated for the FIFA World

navigation, communication, control, and meteorological support systems. Koltsovo Airport in Yekaterinburg was upgraded with radio-engineering tools for flight operation and received its second runway strip. Saransk Airport received a new navigation system; the city also got two new hotels, Mercure Saransk Centre (Accor Hotels) and Four Points by Sheraton Saransk (Starwood Hotels) as well as few other smaller accommodation facilities. In Samara, new tram lines were laid. Khrabrovo Airport in Kaliningrad was upgraded with radio navigation and weather equipment. Renovation and upgrade of radio-engineering tools for flight operation was completed in the airports of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Volgograd, Samara, Yekaterinburg,

following the final draw, six kick-off times were adjusted by FIFA. Russia was placed in position A1 in the group stage and played in the opening match at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on 14 June against Saudi Arabia, the two lowest-ranked teams of the tournament at the time of the final draw. The Luzhniki Stadium also hosted the second semi-final on 11 July and the final on 15 July. The Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg hosted the first semi-final on 10 July and the third place play-off on 14 July. The opening ceremony took place on Thursday, 14 June

volunteers. They received training at 15 Volunteer Centres of the Local Organising Committee based in 15 universities, and in Volunteer Centres in the host cities. Preference, especially in the key areas, was given to those with knowledge of foreign languages and volunteering experience, but not necessarily to Russian nationals. Free public transport services were offered for ticketholders during the World Cup, including additional trains linking between host cities, as well as services such as bus service within them. The full schedule was announced by FIFA on 24 July 2015 (without kick-off times, which were confirmed later). On 1 December 2017,

of venues for the tournament may be reduced from 12 to 10. He also said, ""We are not going to be in a situation, as is the case of one, two or even three stadiums in South Africa, where it is a problem of what you do with these stadiums"". In October 2014, on their first official visit to Russia, FIFA's inspection committee and its head Chris Unger visited St Petersburg, Sochi, Kazan and both Moscow venues. They were satisfied with the progress. On 8 October 2015, FIFA and the Local Organising Committee agreed on the official names of the

what features of muscle contraction can be determined from an emg (electromyogram)

Mechanomyogram
Mechanomyogram The mechanomyogram (MMG) is the mechanical signal observable from the surface of a muscle when the muscle is contracted. At the onset of muscle contraction, gross changes in the muscle shape cause a large peak in the MMG. Subsequent vibrations are due to oscillations of the muscle fibres at the resonance frequency of the muscle. The mechanomyogram is also known as the phonomyogram, acoustic myogram, sound myogram, vibromyogram or muscle sound. The MMG is a low frequency vibration that may be observed when a muscle is contracted using suitable measuring techniques. It can be measured using an accelerometer or

Electromyography
Electromyography Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. EMG testing has a variety of clinical and biomedical applications. EMG is used as a diagnostics tool for identifying neuromuscular diseases, or as

"Skeletal muscle"
individual muscle group. In vitro muscle testing is used for more complete characterization of muscle properties. The electrical activity associated with muscle contraction are measured via electromyography (EMG). EMG is a common technique used in many disciplines within the Exercise and Rehab Sciences. Skeletal muscle has two physiological responses: relaxation and contraction. The mechanisms for which these responses occur generate electrical activity measured by EMG. Specifically, EMG can measure the action potential of a skeletal muscle, which occurs from the hyperpolarization of the motor axons from nerve impulses sent to the muscle (1). EMG is used in research for determining

if the skeletal muscle of interest is being activated, the amount of force generated, and an indicator of muscle fatigue. The two types of EMG are intra-muscular EMG and the most common, surface EMG. The EMG signals are much greater when a skeletal muscle is contracting verses relaxing. However, for smaller and deeper skeletal muscles the EMG signals are reduced and therefore are viewed as a less valued technique for measuring the activation. In research using EMG, a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) is commonly performed on the skeletal muscle of interest, to have reference data for the rest of the

"Cardiac physiology"
of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume, SV) in one minute. To calculate this, multiply stroke volume (SV), by heart rate (HR), in beats per minute. It can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV SV is normally measured using an echocardiogram to record end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV), and calculating the difference: SV = EDV – ESV. SV can also be measured using a specialized catheter, but this is an invasive procedure and far more dangerous to the patient. A mean SV for a resting 70-kg (150-lb) individual would be approximately

can be divided into two subgroups: single-unit (unitary) and multi-unit. Single-unit smooth muscle cells can be found in the gut and blood vessels. Because these cells are linked together by gap junctions, they are able to contract as a syncytium. Single-unit smooth muscle cells contract myogenically, which can be modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Unlike single-unit smooth muscle cells, multi-unit smooth muscle cells are found in the muscle of the eye and in the base of hair follicles. Multi-unit smooth muscle cells contract by being separately stimulated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. As such, they allow for

"Electrophysiological techniques for clinical diagnosis"
as brain electrical activity mapping or BEAM ) The heart is the muscle that pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body. As a very active muscle, it has peculiar electrical activity that can be measured and analyzed. Electrocardiography is the measurement of these signals. Electromyography is the measurement and analysis of the electrical activity in skeletal muscles. This technique is useful for diagnosing the health of the muscle tissue and the nerves that control them. EMG measures action potentials, called Motor Unit Action Potentials (MUAPs), created during muscle contraction. A few common uses are determining whether a muscle is active

rapid depolarization, followed by a plateau phase and then repolarization. This phenomenon accounts for the long refractory periods required for the cardiac muscle cells to pump blood effectively before they are capable of firing for a second time. These cardiac myocytes normally do not initiate their own electrical potential, although they are capable of doing so, but rather wait for an impulse to reach them. Contractile cells demonstrate a much more stable resting phase than conductive cells at approximately −80 mV for cells in the atria and −90 mV for cells in the ventricles. Despite this initial difference, the other

either excitatory (contractile) or inhibitory (relaxing). There are two types of cardiac muscle cells: autorhythmic and contractile. Autorhythmic cells do not contract, but instead set the pace of contraction for other cardiac muscle cells, which can be modulated by the autonomic nervous system. In contrast, contractile muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) constitute the majority of the heart muscle and are able to contract. Unlike skeletal muscle, excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac muscle is thought to depend primarily on a mechanism called calcium-induced calcium release. Though the proteins involved are similar, the L-type calcium channels and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are not physically coupled. Instead,

"United States federal judge"
of active service as an Article III judge (65 + 15 = 80). A sliding scale of increasing age and decreasing service (66 + 14, 67 + 13, 68 + 12, 69 + 11) results in eligibility for retirement compensation at age 70 with a minimum of 10 years of service (70 + 10 = 80). Under section 376 a survivor's annuity to benefit the widow, widower or minor child of the judge may be purchased via a deduction of 2.2% to 3.5% from the retirement benefit. There are currently 870 authorized Article III judgeships: nine on the Supreme Court,

"Federal judge salaries in the United States"
Federal judge salaries in the United States Federal judge salaries in the United States are determined by the United States Congress and are governed in part by the United States Constitution, depending in part on the court on which the judge sits. In particular, United States federal judges confirmed under Article III of the Constitution have compensation that ""shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."" Other federal judges have salaries that may be adjusted without direct constitutional constraints, however statutory schemes usually govern these salaries. Debates over judicial salaries and their increase and treatment have occurred since the

bankruptcy judges receive compensation equal to 92 percent of the salary of district judges. United States Administrative Law Judges are hired in the pay category of AL 3A and proceed on an annual basis through the steps until they reach AL 3F. The base pay for each step varies according to the location of the position and the locality pay paid in that area. This chart explains the various salary grades. Due to wage compression and the lack of any federal pay increases, most USALJs earn $168,600 annually as of 2015. ALJ pay is capped at 85% of a Level

"Court costs"
does not apply to the United States legal system, although a separate system does operate there. In cases in the federal court system, Title 28, section 1920 of the United States Code, provides: A judge or clerk of any court of the United States may tax as costs the following: (1) Fees of the clerk and marshal; (2) Fees for printed or electronically recorded transcripts necessarily obtained for use in the case; (3) Fees and disbursements for printing and witnesses; (4) Fees for exemplification and the costs of making copies of any materials where the copies are necessarily obtained for

ratification of the Constitution. Compensation varies based upon the particular judgeship, though it generally increases commensurate with the office. Article III federal judges are those appointed under Article III, Section 1 of the U.S Constitution. Due to the Compensation Clause, these judges are federal judges that may not have their salaries diminished during their time in office, and are appointed to indefinite terms and may not be removed unless they resign or are impeached. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal appellate court. Its members are commonly called justices. The following table lists salary increases for the justices

Certiorari
a decision of a federal or state court files a ""petition for writ of certiorari"" in the Supreme Court. A ""petition"" is printed in booklet format and 40 copies are filed with the Court. If the Court grants the petition, the case is scheduled for the filing of briefs and for oral argument. A minimum of four of the nine justices is required to grant a writ of ""certiorari"", referred to as the ""rule of four"". The court denies the vast majority of petitions and thus leaves the decision of the lower court to stand without review; it takes roughly

"United States Tax Court"
the only forum in which taxpayers may do so without having first paid the disputed tax in full. Parties who contest the imposition of a tax may also bring an action in any United States District Court, or in the United States Court of Federal Claims; however these venues require that the tax be paid first, and that the party then file a lawsuit to recover the contested amount paid (the ""full payment rule"" of ""Flora v. United States""). Tax Court judges are appointed for a term of 15 years, subject to presidential removal for ""inefficiency, neglect of duty, or

scholars, including William Rehnquist, Saikrishna Prakash, and Steven D. Smith, have argued that the Good Behaviour Clause may, in theory, permit removal by way of a writ of ""scire facias"" filed before a federal court, without resort to impeachment. As of 2018, federal district judges are paid $208,000 a year, circuit judges $220,600, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court $255,300 and the Chief Justice of the United States $267,000. All were permitted to earn a maximum of an additional $21,000 a year for teaching. Chief Justice John Roberts has repeatedly pleaded for an increase in judicial pay, calling the situation

and a lack of agreement between the taxpayer and the IRS, the IRS formally ""determines"" the amount of the ""deficiency"" and issues a formal notice called a ""statutory notice of deficiency,"" or ""ninety day letter"". In this context, the term ""deficiency"" is a legal term of art, and is ""not necessarily"" equal to the amount of unpaid tax (although it usually is). The deficiency is generally the excess of the amount the IRS contends is the correct tax over the amount the taxpayer showed on the return—in both cases, without regard to how much has actually been paid. Upon issuance

"United States Court of Federal Claims"
judges, appointed by the President and subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate for terms of 15 years. In addition, judges who have completed their statutory terms of office are authorized to continue to take cases as senior judges of the court. This ongoing tenure serves as a mechanism to ensure judicial impartiality and independence. In recent years, the court's docket has been increasingly characterized by complex, high-dollar demands, and high-profile cases in such areas as, for example, the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, the World War II internment of Japanese-Americans, and the federal repository of civilian spent

"Auguste and Louis Lumière"
Auguste and Louis Lumière The Lumière brothers (, ; ), Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (; 19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean (; 5 October 1864 – 7 June 1948), were among the first filmmakers in history. They patented an improved cinematograph, which in contrast to Thomas Edison's ""peepshow"" kinetoscope allowed simultaneous viewing by multiple parties. The Lumière brothers were born in Besançon, France, to Charles-Antoine Lumière (1840–1913) and Jeanne Joséphine Costille Lumière, who were married in 1861 and moved to Besançon, setting up a small photographic portrait studio where Auguste and Louis were born. They moved

picture projector that was immediately supplanted by the Lumiere cinematographe. Although the Lumière brothers were not the first inventors to develop techniques to create motion pictures, they are often credited as among the first inventors of the technology for cinema as a mass medium, and are among the first who understood how to use it. Auguste and Louis Lumière The Lumière brothers (, ; ), Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (; 19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean (; 5 October 1864 – 7 June 1948), were among the first filmmakers in history. They patented an improved cinematograph,

"Cinema of France"
""L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat"" in Paris in 1895 is considered by many historians as the official birth of cinematography. The early days of the industry, from 1896 to 1902, saw the dominance of four firms: Pathé Frères, the Gaumont Film Company, the Georges Méliès company, and the Lumières. Méliès invented many of the techniques of cinematic grammar, and among his fantastic, surreal short subjects is the first science fiction film ""A Trip to the Moon"" (""Le Voyage dans la Lune"") in 1902). In 1902 the Lumières abandoned everything but the production of film stock, leaving Méliès

Musée Grévin. Louis Le Prince and Claude Mechant had been shooting moving picture sequences on paper film as soon as 1888, but had never performed a public demonstration. Polish inventor, Kazimierz Prószyński had built his camera and projecting device, called Pleograph, in 1894. Max and Emil Skladanowsky, inventors of the Bioscop, had offered projected moving images to a paying public one month earlier (1 November 1895, in Berlin). Nevertheless, film historians consider the Grand Café screening to be the true birth of the cinema as a commercial medium, because the Skladanowsky brothers' screening used an extremely impractical dual system motion

"Charles-Émile Reynaud"
for since 29 March 1917. The ""Pantomimes Lumineuses"" were painted directly onto the transparent strip and manipulated by hand to create a circa 15 min show of circa 500 images per title. Charles-Émile Reynaud Charles-Émile Reynaud (8 December 1844 – 9 January 1918) was a French inventor, responsible for the praxinoscope (an animation device patented in 1877 that improved on the zoetrope) and the first projected animated films. His ""Pantomimes Lumineuses"" premiered on 28 October 1892 in Paris. His Théâtre Optique film system, patented in 1888, is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. The

Cinematograph
longer focus on the flammable film if the glass were to break due to overheating or accident. After the success of the Lumières's initial public screening in 1895, the Cinématographe became a popular attraction for people all over the world. The Lumière brothers took their machine as far as China and India and it was enjoyed by people of all classes and social standings. The Cinématographe was used to show films in nickelodeons, where even the poorest classes could pay the entry fee. It was exhibited at fairs and used as entertainment in vaudeville houses in both Europe and the

"Alexandre Promio"
which showed the King Oscar II along with the crown prince Gustaf V as they arrived at the exhibition area at Djurgården. The king got to see the film the same day. While in Sweden Promio also made Sweden's first feature film called ""Slagsmål i Gamla Stockholm"" which was one minute long. Alexandre Promio Jean ""Alexandre"" Louis Promio (9 July 1868 – 24 December 1926) was a French film photographer and director. He is mentioned as a pioneer in film and was the director for Sweden's first Newsreel. The newsreel was shown for King Oscar II:s arrival at the General

"Louis Le Prince"
Louis Le Prince Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (; 28 August 1841 – vanished 16 September 1890) was a French artist and the inventor of an early motion picture camera, possibly being the first person to shoot a moving picture sequence using a single lens camera and a strip of (paper) film. Although some have credited him as the ""Father of Cinematography"", his work did not influence the commercial development of cinema—owing at least in part to the great secrecy surrounding it. A Frenchman who also worked in the United Kingdom and the United States, Le Prince's motion-picture experiments culminated

"Émile Isola"
Isola attracting large audiences. At the end of 1895, the Isola brothers discovered the invention of the Frères Lumière, cinematography, and devised a projector called ""Isolatographe"" for which the films were provided by another pair of brothers, Frères Emile and Charles Pathé. By colouration of the films they were able to show 'colour films' at the Théâtre Isola. In 1897, they bought the Parisiana and stopped their own act to become theatrical producers. The brothers became the directors of the Olympia in 1898, the Folies Bergère in 1901, and the Gaîté-Lyrique from 1903-1913. As joint directors of the Opéra-Comique from

"Paris Exposition, 1900 (film series)"
Paris Exposition, 1900 (film series) Paris Exhibition, 1900 () was a series of seventeen short French silent actuality films made in 1900 by Georges Méliès. The series was a documentary record of the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. The following list includes the original French title and the English release title (note that English-language catalogs preceded each title with the series name and a dash, e.g. ""Paris Exposition, 1900—The Moving Sidewalk""), as well the numbers assigned to the films in Méliès's Star Film Company catalogs. In addition to the ""Paris Exposition, 1900"" series proper, Méliès also sold two films, filmed

"Crow and Pie"
identify the man was generally held to be sufficient proof that the lady had been indiscriminately promiscuous, probably with men very much her social inferiors (fornication with a lord or knight was bad enough, but getting pregnant by the cow-herd was completely unforgivable). The request by the lady in Crow and Pie for some of her rapist's goods may seem mercenary by modern standards, but is quite understandable from a Medieval perspective. Money or a valuable token would indicate to the lady's parents (and her peers) that the man was not a serf, slave or beggar, and might serve as

"Little John a Begging"
Little John a Begging Little John A Begging is Child ballad 142 and about Robin Hood. It exists in two variants, one fragmentary. In one variant, Robin Hood sends Little John out, disguised as a beggar. In the fragmentary one, Little John apparently exchanges clothing with a beggar, as the surviving ballads opens with his complaint that they do not fit. In both variants, he meets up with beggars who realize that he is not one of their company. They fight, and Little John wins. The fragmented version breaks off there, but in the complete one, Little John discovers they

Begging
Begging Begging (also panhandling or mendicancy) is the practice of imploring others to grant a favor, often a gift of money, with little or no expectation of reciprocation. A person doing such is called a beggar, panhandler, or mendicant. Street beggars may be found in public places such as transport routes, urban parks, and near busy markets. Besides money, they may also ask for food, drink, cigarettes or other small items. Internet begging is the modern practice of asking people to give money to others over the internet, rather than in person. Internet begging is usually targeted at people who

Solicitation
Solicitation Solicitation is the act of offering, or attempting to purchase, goods or services. Legal status may be specific to the time or place where occurs. The crime of ""solicitation to commit a crime"" occurs when a person encourages, ""solicits, requests, commands, importunes or otherwise attempts to cause"" another person to attempt or commit a crime, with the purpose of thereby facilitating the attempt or commission of that crime. In England and Wales, the term soliciting is usually ""for a person (whether male or female) persistently to loiter or solicit in a street or public place for the purpose of

Begging
given in lieu of cash. This has been criticised since there are typically far fewer shelter beds than people in need. Begging Begging (also panhandling or mendicancy) is the practice of imploring others to grant a favor, often a gift of money, with little or no expectation of reciprocation. A person doing such is called a beggar, panhandler, or mendicant. Street beggars may be found in public places such as transport routes, urban parks, and near busy markets. Besides money, they may also ask for food, drink, cigarettes or other small items. Internet begging is the modern practice of asking

prostitution"" under the Street Offences Act 1959 as amended. The crime of soliciting should not be confused with the profession of a solicitor, which under UK law is typically that of a lawyer, who may also function as a legal agent to obtain the services of a barrister on behalf of a client. In the United States, solicitation is the name of a crime, an inchoate offense that consists of a person offering money or inducing another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. For example, under federal law, for a solicitation

"Cretan pederasty"
beloved's endless and unreasonable demands, retrieved the helmet but placed it on the head of another boy, leading Leucocomas to kill himself in a jealous fit. Cretan pederasty Cretan pederasty was an archaic form of pederasty that involved the ritual kidnapping (""harpagmos"") of a noble boy by an adult male of the aristocratic class, with the consent of the boy's father. The man (known as ""φιλήτωρ – philetor,"" ""befriender"") took the boy (known as ""kleinos,"" ""glorious"") into the wilderness, where they spent two months hunting and feasting with their friends. If the boy was satisfied with the conduct of his

"Refusal of medical assistance"
9-1-1 or the emergency number without hesitation if they feel the need. Refusal of medical assistance In emergency medical services such as an ambulance squad, a refusal of medical assistance is the term for when a patient refuses any or all parts of medical treatment. The refusal of medical assistance, or RMA, ensures the continuum of care that ambulance squads have a responsibility towards. In a typical emergency call, the ambulance service will assess and transport the patient to an appropriate facility. The ambulance squad's duty towards the patient begins with patient contact and generally ends with transfer to the

were carrying a great deal of money and takes it. Howard Pyle, in his ""The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood"", transferred this adventure to Robin. Little John a Begging Little John A Begging is Child ballad 142 and about Robin Hood. It exists in two variants, one fragmentary. In one variant, Robin Hood sends Little John out, disguised as a beggar. In the fragmentary one, Little John apparently exchanges clothing with a beggar, as the surviving ballads opens with his complaint that they do not fit. In both variants, he meets up with beggars who realize that he is not

"Plasma cell"
Plasma cell Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Plasma cells originate in the bone marrow; B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibody molecules closely modelled after the receptors of the precursor B cell. Once released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen (foreign substance) and initiate its neutralization or destruction. Plasma cells are large lymphocytes with a considerable nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and a characteristic appearance

Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name ""lymphocyte"". The three major types of lymphocyte are T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Lymphocytes can be identified by their large nucleus. T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells) are the major cellular components

Antibody
Antibody An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen, via the Fab's variable region. Each tip of the ""Y"" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly, analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can ""tag""

"Antibodies from lymphocyte secretions"
Antibodies from lymphocyte secretions The antibodies from lymphocyte secretions (ALS) assay is an immunological assay to detect active diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid etc. Recently, ALS assay nods the scientific community as it is rapidly used for diagnosis of Tuberculosis. The principle is based on the secretion of antibody from ""in vivo"" activated plasma B cells found in blood circulation for a short period of time in response to TB-antigens during active TB infection rather than latent TB infection. PBMCs were separated from blood on Ficoll-Paque by differential centrifugation and were suspended in 24-well tissue culture plates culture medium. Different

Lymphopoiesis
to become a plasma cell. The plasma cell, a B cell end product, is a very active antibody-secreting cell that helps protect the body by attacking and binding to antigen. Even after many decades of research, some controversy remains as to where B cells mature and 'complete their education', with the possibility remaining that the site may also partially be peri-intestinal lymphoid tissues. B lymphopoiesis occurs exclusively in the bone marrow and B lymphocytes are made continuously throughout life there in a 'microenvironment' composed of stromal cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors, which are critical for proliferation, differentiation, and

Antibody
production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system. Antibodies are secreted by B cells of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell to be free in the blood plasma, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B-cell receptor (BCR). The BCR is found only on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into

due to a problem in the differentiation from lymphocytes to plasma cells. The result is a low serum antibody level and risk of infections. Primary amyloidosis (AL) is caused by the deposition of excess immunoglobulin light chains which are secreted from plasma cells. Plasma cell Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Plasma cells originate in the bone marrow; B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibody molecules closely modelled after the

the case of mammals such as humans, lymphopoiesis begins with limited passive provision by the mother of lymphocytes and substantial immunoglobulin G that cross the placenta and enter the fetus to provide some protection against pathogens, and also leukocytes that come from breast milk and enter circulation via the digestive tract. It is often not effective in preventing infections in the newborn. However early in gestation the developing embryo has begun its own lymphopoiesis from the fetal liver. Lymphopoiesis also arises from the yolk sac. This is in contrast to the adult where all lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow.

"Human leukocyte antigen"
Human leukocyte antigen The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans. These cell-surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. The HLA gene complex resides on a 3 Mbp stretch within chromosome 6p21. HLA genes are highly polymorphic, which means that they have many different alleles, allowing them to fine-tune the adaptive immune system. The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as ""antigens"", as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. Different classes have different functions:

"Dog leukocyte antigen"
Dog leukocyte antigen The dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) is a part of the major hisocompatability complex (MHC) in dogs, encoding genes in the MHC. The DLA and MHC system are interchangeable terms in canines. The MHC plays a critical role in the immune response system and consists of three regions: class I, class II and class III. DLA genes belong to the first two classes, which are involved in the regulation of antigens in the immune system. The class II genes are highly polymorphic, with many different alleles/haplotypes that have been linked to diseases, allergies, and autoimmune conditions such as

"Home Alone"
Home Alone Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister, an 8-year-old boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation. Kevin initially relishes being home alone, but soon has to contend with two burglars, played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern. The film also features John Heard and Catherine O'Hara as Kevin's parents. Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy, and the film was

a serial killer who murdered his family; as well as the ""Wet Bandits"", Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who have been breaking into other vacant houses in the neighborhood and have targeted the McCallisters' house. Kevin tricks them into thinking his family is home, forcing them to put their plans on hold. Kate discovers mid-flight that Kevin is missing and upon arrival in Paris, the family discovers that all flights for the next two days are booked. Peter and the rest of the family stays in his brother's apartment in the city while Kate manages to get a

"Home Alone 2: Lost in New York"
Kevin storms to the third floor of the house after refusing to apologize to his family. During the night, Peter accidentally resets the alarm clock, causing the family to oversleep once again. At the airport, Kevin stops to replace the batteries for his Talkboy, carrying Peter's bag which contains the batteries (along with Peter's wallet and large amounts of cash). Losing sight of his family, Kevin inadvertently boards a flight to New York City after mistakenly following a man wearing a jacket identical to Peter's. Upon arrival in New York City, Kevin decides to tour the city. While there, Kevin

is often ranked as one of the best Christmas films of all time. ""Home Alone"" spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels, including the 1992 film """", which is the only ""Home Alone"" sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles. The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Paris, gathering at Peter and Kate's home outside of Chicago on the night before their departure. Peter and Kate's youngest son, Kevin, is being scorned by his siblings and cousins. Later, Kevin accidentally ruins the family dinner after a fight with his older brother Buzz, resulting in him

getting sent to the attic of the house for punishment where he berates Kate and wishes that his family would disappear. During the night, heavy winds cause damage to the power lines, which causes a power outage and resets the alarm clocks, causing the family to oversleep. In the confusion and rush to get to the airport, Kevin is accidentally left behind. Kevin wakes to find the house empty and, thinking his wish has come true, is overjoyed with his newfound freedom. However, he soon becomes frightened by his next door neighbor, Old Man Marley, who is rumored to be

call for him; they reconcile and are soon joined by the rest of the McCallisters, who waited in Paris until they could get a direct flight to Chicago. Kevin keeps silent about his encounter with Harry and Marv, although Peter finds Harry's knocked-out gold tooth. Kevin then observes Marley reuniting with his son and his family. Marley notices Kevin, and the pair wave to each other. Buzz suddenly calls out, ""Kevin, what did you do to my room?"" at which point Kevin runs off. ""Home Alone"" was initially a Warner Bros. production; when 20th Century Fox took over the project,

that Kevin is missing. After tracking the whereabouts of the credit card, they fly to New York. Meanwhile, Kevin goes to his uncle Rob's townhouse, only to find the house vacant and undergoing renovations while Rob and his family are still in Paris. At Central Park, he encounters and befriends the pigeon lady. They go to Carnegie Hall, where the pigeon lady explains how her life collapsed when her lover left her. Kevin encourages her to trust people again, and promises to be her friend. Kevin confides in her that he's misbehaved and that he doesn't deserve Christmas. She suggests

Kevin McCallister Kevin McCallister is the main protagonist of the films ""Home Alone"", """", and """" in the ""Home Alone"" franchise. Kevin is played by Macaulay Culkin in the first two films, but in ""Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House"", Kevin is played by Mike Weinberg. Kevin is not featured in ""Home Alone 3"", as the film takes place during ""Home Alone 2"". Kevin's most famous pose is when he has both hands on his cheeks, and screams. While the McCallister family prepare for their trip to Paris, Kevin McCallister finds himself the subject of ridicule from the other

flight back to the United States, only to get as far as Scranton, Pennsylvania. She attempts to book a flight to Chicago but again, everything is booked. Unable to accept this, Kate is overheard by Gus Polinski—the lead member of a traveling polka band—who offers to let her travel with them to Chicago on their way to Milwaukee in a moving van, which she graciously accepts. Meanwhile, Harry and Marv realize that Kevin is alone, and on Christmas Eve, Kevin overhears them discussing plans to break into his house that night. Kevin starts to miss his family and asks the

but Kevin takes the wrong plane and ends up in New York City. He tries to make do with what he has, such as using his father's credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel, but is soon confronted by the Wet Bandits and must outrun and out-prank them again. The film was shot in Winnetka, Illinois; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago; Evanston, Illinois; and New York City. The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992, earning over $173 million in revenue in the United States and $359 million worldwide against a budget of $20 million. The

20th Century Fox; since his death in 1973, Fox has controlled the franchise. Four sequels followed the original film from 1970 to 1973: ""Beneath the Planet of the Apes"", ""Escape from the Planet of the Apes"", ""Conquest of the Planet of the Apes"", and ""Battle for the Planet of the Apes"". They did not approach the critical acclaim of the original, but were commercially successful, spawning two television series in 1974 and 1975. Plans for a film remake stalled in ""development hell"" for over ten years before Tim Burton's ""Planet of the Apes"" was released in 2001. A reboot film

invoked in political discussions on topics as varied as Sixties culture, urban decay, contemporary wars, and gun violence. The following table shows the cast members who played the primary characters in the nine films to date. Planet of the Apes Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films, books, television series, comics, and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control. The franchise is based on French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel ""La Planète des singes"", translated into English as ""Planet of the Apes"" or ""Monkey Planet"". Its

Planet of the Apes Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films, books, television series, comics, and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control. The franchise is based on French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel ""La Planète des singes"", translated into English as ""Planet of the Apes"" or ""Monkey Planet"". Its 1968 film adaptation, ""Planet of the Apes"", was a critical and commercial hit, initiating a series of sequels, tie-ins, and derivative works. Arthur P. Jacobs produced the first five ""Apes"" films through APJAC Productions for distributor

critical acclaim; reviewers praised the effects and narrative, and found the film a fitting conclusion to Caesar's story. It earned $491 million around the globe. In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth film in the new series was being discussed. Pierre Boulle's novel ""La Planète des singes"" was translated and reprinted several times after its original publication in 1963. All of the original sequels spawned novelizations by established science fiction writers of the day, each of which went through multiple reprintings of their own. Michael Avallone wrote the novelization for ""Beneath the Planet of the Apes"" in 1970.

The massively popular ""Donkey Kong"" was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period, including the original ""Mario Bros."" (not to be confused with the later ""Super Mario Bros."") In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity, Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch. Game &

""Marufuku Co. Ltd."" to ""Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd."" In 1953, Nintendo became the first company in Japan to produce playing cards from plastic. In 1956, Yamauchi visited the U.S., to engage in talks with the United States Playing Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer in the United States. He was shocked to find that the world's biggest company in his business was relegated to using a small office. This was a turning point for Yamauchi, who then realized the limitations of the playing card business. In 1959, Nintendo struck a deal with Disney to allow the use Disney's

Nintendo
million copies worldwide, making it the second best-selling game in the SNES library. In September 1994, Nintendo, along with six other video game giants including Sega, Electronic Arts, Atari, Acclaim, Philips, and 3DO approached the United States Senate and demanded a ratings system for video games to be enforced, which prompted the decision to create the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Aiming to produce an affordable virtual reality console, Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in 1995, designed by Gunpei Yokoi. The console consists of a head-mounted semi-portable system with one red-colored screen for each of the user's eyes, featuring stereoscopic graphics.

Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year The following list shows the recipients for the Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year. George Strait has won the most awards. Other artists with multiple wins are Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Charlie Rich, Ronnie Milsap, Willie Nelson, Garth Brooks, Tim McGraw, Miranda Lambert, Eric Church and Chris Stapleton. Notes A. Award presented to: Norman Blake, The Fairfield Four, Emmylou Harris, John Hartford, James Carter and the Prisoners, Chris Thomas King, Alison Krauss, Harry McClintock, Sarah Peasall, Hannah Peasall, Leah Peasall, Soggy Bottom Boys, Stanley Brothers, Ralph Stanley, Gillian

"Country Music Association"
the event, which was not televised. The winner of the first ""Entertainer of the Year"" award was singer Eddy Arnold. ""Male Vocalist of the Year"" went to Jack Greene and ""Female Vocalist of the Year"" to Loretta Lynn. In 1968, Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards, which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. (The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later.) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969. Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories: Entertainer of the Year, Male Vocalist, Female Vocalist, New Artist of the

"Academy of Country Music Awards"
the achievement of an artist, duo or group upon receiving the New Artist (or New Male Vocalist, New Female Vocalist, New Solo Vocalist, New Vocal Duo, New Vocal Group or New Vocal Duo or Group), and Male/Female Vocalist (or Vocal Duo, Vocal Group, Vocal Duo or Group) and Entertainer of the Year awards. Among the later recipients, Carrie Underwood received it at the ACM Awards, while Jason Aldean at the Annual ACM Honors. The following list shows the seven artist that have won the award and the first year winning each of the categories required. Academy of Country Music Awards

By The Numbers, 18-49 Ratings/Share dropped from 1.4/4 to 0.9/3 and viewership dropped from 5.14 million to 3.39 million. Due to the drop in viewers, the ACA's were discontinued after its fourth show in 2013 and replaced with American Country Countdown Awards. Nominees for the first inaugural awards show were announced on Monday October 18, 2010. Lady Antebellum and Easton Corbin led the field with seven nominations each, followed by Carrie Underwood with six nominations, and Miranda Lambert and Josh Turner each had five nominations. Voting continued through November 8, except for Artist of the Year; which closed on December

"Bob Skoronski"
Bob Skoronski Bob Skoronski (born Robert Francis Skowronski; March 5, 1934 – October 30, 2018) was an American football player who played tackle in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers for eleven seasons. Born in Ansonia, Connecticut, Skoronski grew up in Derby with Three brothers and a sister. He went to high school at Fairfield College Preparatory School, graduating in 1951. He then attended Admiral Billard Academy in New London for a year. He played college football at Indiana University in Bloomington. As a senior in 1955, he was the Hoosiers' most valuable player and averaged fifty

"Paul Hornung"
Paul Hornung Paul Vernon Hornung (born December 23, 1935), nicknamed The Golden Boy, is a former professional American football player and a Hall of Fame running back for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 to 1966. He played on teams that won four NFL titles and the first Super Bowl. He is the first pro football player to win the Heisman Trophy, be selected as the first overall selection in the NFL Draft, win the NFL most valuable player award, and be inducted into both the professional and college football halls of fame. A

"Jim Carter (American football)"
Jim Carter (American football) James Charles Carter (born October 18, 1948) is a former American football player who played linebacker for the Green Bay Packers in the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 to 1978. He attended South Saint Paul High School. Carter was a finalist for a position on the University of Minnesota Board of Regents when issue was made of a publicized incident of sexual harassment during his NFL playing days in 1976. While admitting it was ""bad behavior"" that lead to a lawsuit by the victim, Carter accused university leaders of waging a smear campaign against him;

"Clayton Tonnemaker"
Clayton Tonnemaker Frank Clayton ""Clayt"" Tonnemaker (June 8, 1928 – December 25, 1996) was an American football player who played center and linebacker for the Green Bay Packers from 1950 to 1954. Tonnemaker was an All-American at the University of Minnesota, where he played center linebacker. In 1980, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Tonnemaker, weighing in at 11 pounds, was born on June 8, 1928 on a farm near Ogilvie, Minnesota, to Anna Nelson and Frank Clayton Tonnemaker. After his father died when Clayton was 7, he and his mother and sister, Lucille, sold their

"Bob Jeter"
Bob Jeter Robert DeLafayette Jeter, Jr. (May 9, 1937 – November 20, 2008) was an American football cornerback in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers and the Chicago Bears. Jeter was raised in Weirton, West Virginia, where he attended the segregated local school, Dunbar High School, until after his junior year in 1954. He then attended Weir High School and was a football standout his senior year in the fall of 1955. He played college football at the University of Iowa. As a halfback with the Hawkeyes, Jeter rushed for a Rose Bowl record 194 yards on

"Jim Phillips (American football)"
Jim Phillips (American football) James Jackson ""Red"" Phillips (February 5, 1936 – March 25, 2015) was an American football wide receiver who played for the Los Angeles Rams and the Minnesota Vikings for 10 seasons, from 1958 to 1967. Phillips was a three-time Pro Bowler as a Ram from 1960 to 1962 and was first team in 1961. Phillips attended Auburn University. He was on 11 All-American teams his senior year at Auburn. He was co-captain on Auburn's 1957 national championship team. As a rookie in 1958, Phillips led the NFL with the longest reception for that season: 93 yards.

"Green Bay Packers"
of end Don Hutson from Alabama in 1935 gave Lambeau and the Packers the most-feared and dynamic offensive weapon in the game. Credited with inventing pass patterns, Hutson would lead the league in receptions eight seasons and spur the Packers to NFL championships in 1936, 1939 and 1944. An iron man, Hutson played both ways, leading the league in interceptions as a safety in 1940. Hutson claimed 18 NFL records when he retired in 1945, many of which still stand. In 1951, his number 14 was the first to be retired by the Packers, and he was inducted as a

Carter had been critical of the University's strict punishment of players accused of sexual assault. Jim Carter (American football) James Charles Carter (born October 18, 1948) is a former American football player who played linebacker for the Green Bay Packers in the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 to 1978. He attended South Saint Paul High School. Carter was a finalist for a position on the University of Minnesota Board of Regents when issue was made of a publicized incident of sexual harassment during his NFL playing days in 1976. While admitting it was ""bad behavior"" that lead to a

"Red Dunn"
Red Dunn Joseph Aloysius ""Red"" Dunn (June 21, 1901 – January 15, 1957) was a professional American football player who played running back and was an exceptional punter for eight seasons for the Milwaukee Badgers, Chicago Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1976. He is the grandfather of former quarterback Jason Gesser. Nicknamed ""Red"" for the color of his hair, Dunn possessed an equally colorful personality. He earned five letters competing in football, basketball and baseball at Marquette Academy. Dunn later attended Marquette University, earning All-America honors while leading

players, as well as other reduced-player football players, receive scholarships and/or opportunities to play collegiately. Below is a list of notable reduced-player football alumni."" Rashaan Salaam – (October 8, 1974 – December 5, 2016) was a former American college and professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons during the 1990s. Salaam played college football for the University of Colorado and won the 1994 Heisman Trophy. He was picked by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Bears and Cleveland Browns

Cattle
with significant increases in gonadotrophin levels and lowered progestin levels. Reduction of stress is important in the reproductive state of cows as an increase in gonadotrophin and lowered progesterone levels may impinge on the ovulatory and lutenization process and to reduce the chances of successful implantation. A high cortisol level will also stimulate the degradation of fats and proteins which may make it difficult for the animal to sustain its pregnancy if implanted successfully. Oxen (singular ox) are cattle trained as draft animals. Often they are adult, castrated males of larger breeds, although females and bulls are also used in

Livestock
Livestock Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to those that are bred for consumption, while other times it refers only to farmed ruminants, such as cattle and goats. In recent years, some organizations have also raised livestock to promote the survival of rare breeds. The breeding, maintenance, and slaughter of these animals, known as animal husbandry, is a component of modern agriculture that has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to farming from

Running of the bulls The running of the bulls (, from the verb ""encerrar"", 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; , 'street-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Actual bulls (non-castrated male

Ox
be trained as oxen, but they are smaller; they are often more valued for producing calves and milk. Bulls are also used in many parts of the world as oxen, especially Asia and Africa. Working oxen usually have oxshoes, which are metal devices nailed into their hooves, used to protect them from excessive wear. The continual strain borne on their feet by the weight they carry may injure and lead to cracking of the hooves, just as with horses. Despite this, in England, not all working oxen were shod. Since their hooves are cloven, two separate parts are required for

"Intensive animal farming"
In the USA, the federal Humane Slaughter Act requires pigs to be stunned before slaughter, although compliance and enforcement is questioned. Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the family Bovidae, in the subfamily Bovinae, and descended from the aurochs (""Bos primigenius""). They are raised as livestock for meat (called beef and veal), dairy products (milk), leather and as draught animals (pulling carts, plows and the like). In some countries, such as India, they are honored in religious ceremonies and revered. As of 2009–2010 it is estimated that there are 1.3–1.4 billion head of cattle in the world. Cattle are

Cattle
Cattle Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus ""Bos"", and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos taurus. Cattle are commonly raised as livestock for meat (beef or veal, see beef cattle), for milk (see dairy cattle), and for hides, which are used to make leather. They are used as riding animals and draft animals (oxen or bullocks, which pull carts, plows and other implements). Another product of cattle is dung, which can be used to create manure or

Ox
hindquarters in moving a load, horses could not pull with their full strength because the yoke was incompatible with their anatomy. Ox An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle; castration makes the animals more docile. Cows (adult females) or bulls (intact males) may also be used in some areas. Oxen are used for plowing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and riding), for threshing grain by trampling, and for powering machines that grind grain or supply

Ox
Ox An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle; castration makes the animals more docile. Cows (adult females) or bulls (intact males) may also be used in some areas. Oxen are used for plowing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and riding), for threshing grain by trampling, and for powering machines that grind grain or supply irrigation among other purposes. Oxen may be also used to skid logs in forests, particularly in low-impact, select-cut logging. Draft oxen

"Bulling (cattle)"
Bulling (cattle) Bulling is a behaviour seen in cattle when one mounts another, usually when one or the other is a female in oestrus (on heat); ""bulling"" is commonly used as a term for a female in oestrus. Female cattle in oestrus may mount any adult cattle, especially a bull (fertile male) if one is present, but they will also mount castrated males or other females. A bulling female will often also be mounted by other cattle, both male and female (only fertile males are usually capable of mating). A dominant bull will defend the bulling female from being mounted

"Beef cattle"
are typically female and are commonly known as replacement heifers. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and beef by-products used in candy, shampoo, cosmetics, insulin and inhalers. Besides breeding to meet the demand for beef production, owners also use selective breeding to attain specific traits in their beef cattle. An example of a desired trait could be leaner meat or resistance to illness. Breeds known as dual-purpose are also used for beef production. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as both beef and dairy production, or both

with them and an eight-year-old Emma. Will asks Emma to marry him in ""Yes/No"" and she accepts.<ref name=""Yes/No""></ref> Later that winter, a tenured position opens at McKinley High, and although Will and Sue Sylvester compete against each other for the position, it is ultimately given to Emma rather than either of them. Will and Emma finally consummate their relationship in ""Nationals"" after New Directions wins the show choir championship. When Will is named to a national blue-ribbon panel on the arts in Washington, DC, early in the fourth season, he expects Emma to come with him, but Emma is very

altar midway through the fourth season, but the two later reconcile and marry in the season finale. She becomes pregnant during the middle of the fifth season. Mays feels the character has a lot of depth, juxtaposing Emma's position helping the students with her own phobia of germs and love for a married man. She explained that ""the character is not a stereotypical TV-style husband-stealer who immediately would be luring the dude into the sack, but rather seems like a real person facing real issues."" Mays has performed several musical numbers in the show, including ""I Could Have Danced All

reluctant to do so: she doesn't want to leave her job for several months while he's away. They ultimately agree that Emma will stay behind and the two will reunite on weekends. They also agree to get married when Will returns, but the stress of planning a big wedding proves too much for Emma, and she leaves the church before the ceremony begins. She and Will eventually reconcile, and the two finally get married in the choir room with the glee club as witnesses in ""All or Nothing"", after New Directions win Regionals. Following their marriage, the couple decide to

her no matter what, and also urges her to get treatment for her OCD. She starts seeing a psychiatrist in the episode ""Born This Way"", and is showing signs of improvement by the end of season two. Over the summer, Will and Emma move in together, although they have not consummated their relationship. That they are both thinking of an eventual marriage is made clear in the episode ""Asian F"", and when Will invites her parents to dinner in that episode, he discovers that they are ""ginger supremacists"" who mock Emma's OCD, the roots of which are shown in flashbacks

parallel episode to the Pilot, 2009, she is aware and concerned with Kurt's depression and consults with his father about it and also convince Will to stay with the Glee Club as the kids still needs him and that it what makes him happy. In the series finale, ""Dreams Come True"", she is now living happily with the newly promoted Will as the principal and in the future they have more kids together. She appears at the McKinley auditorium's rededication to Finn Hudson and enjoys the final performance of the New Directions. She is visibly shocked when Will and Terri

"Mark Zuckerberg"
met his future wife, fellow student Priscilla Chan, at a fraternity party during his sophomore year at Harvard. They began dating in 2003. In September 2010, Zuckerberg invited Chan, by then a medical student at the University of California, to move into his rented Palo Alto house. Zuckerberg studied Mandarin in preparation for the couple's visit to China in December 2010. On May 19, 2012, Zuckerberg and Chan married in Zuckerberg's backyard in an event that also celebrated her graduation from medical school. On July 31, 2015, Zuckerberg announced that he and Chan were expecting a baby girl. He said

MVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that

for the game. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XL) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game. Lady Gaga (accompanied by Alex Smith on piano) sang the national anthem, while Marlee Matlin simultaneously performed an American Sign Language (ASL) version of it. Matlin also signed an a cappella version of ""America the Beautiful"", which was sung by a U.S. Armed Forces chorus. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that ""multiple acts"" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3,

its late-night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special live episode of ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"" following the game, with a sketch featuring a pre-recorded appearance by Barack Obama, and guests Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, Margot Robbie, and Megyn Kelly. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of ""The Late Late Show with James Corden"". With an average TV audience of 111.9 million, the game was the third most-watched Super Bowl—and third most-watched U.S. program—in history, according to the Nielsen ratings. It was also the

was designed by Tiffany & Co. After putting out a call for volunteers in June 2015, over 450 volunteers helped to make the Super Bowl 50 Tour happen. More than 5,000 volunteers were on hand to help with events leading up to, during and after Super Bowl 50 as well. Volunteers signed up for a minimum of 3–4 hour shifts, and some volunteers gave more than 200 hours of their time over the course of the week. As a thank you for volunteering, volunteers were gifted backpacks and uniforms. In the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as

"Sagrada Família"
Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the crypt. At the time of his death at age 73 in 1926, when he was run down by a streetcar, less than a quarter of the project was complete. Relying solely on private donations, Sagrada Familia's construction progressed slowly and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War, only to resume intermittent progress in the 1950s. Since commencing construction in 1882, advancements in technologies such as computer aided design and computerised numerical control (CNC) have enabled faster progress and construction passed the

The towers and most of the church's structure are to be completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death; decorative elements should be complete by 2030 or 2032. Visitor entrance fees of 15–20 euros finance the annual construction budget of 25million euros . Computer-aided design technology has been used to accelerate construction of the building. Current technology allows stone to be shaped off-site by a CNC milling machine, whereas in the 20th century the stone was carved by hand. In 2008, some renowned Catalan architects advocated halting construction, to respect Gaudí's original designs, which although they were not exhaustive and

contains a magic square based on the magic square in the 1514 print Melencolia I. The square is rotated and one number in each row and column is reduced by one so the rows and columns add up to 33 instead of the standard 34 for a 4x4 magic square. The largest and most striking of the façades will be the Glory Façade, on which construction began in 2002. It will be the principal façade and will offer access to the central nave. Dedicated to the Celestial Glory of Jesus, it represents the road to God: Death, Final Judgment, and

used for religious services. The church was consecrated by Pope Benedict XVI on 7 November 2010 in front of a congregation of 6,500 people. A further 50,000 people followed the consecration Mass from outside the basilica, where more than 100 bishops and 300 priests were on hand to offer Holy Communion. Starting on 9 July 2017, there is an international mass celebrated at the basilica on every Sunday and holy day of obligation, at 9 a.m, open to the public (until the church is full). Occasionally, Mass is celebrated at other times, where attendance requires an invitation. When masses are

Sagrada Família The (; ; ) is a large unfinished Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926). Gaudí's work on the building is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in November 2010 Pope Benedict XVI consecrated and proclaimed it a minor basilica, as distinct from a cathedral, which must be the seat of a bishop. In 1882, construction of Sagrada Família started under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear

on which construction began in 2002, will be the largest and most monumental of the three and will represent one's ascension to God. It will also depict various scenes such as Hell, Purgatory, and will include elements such as the Seven deadly sins and the Seven heavenly virtues. Constructed between 1894 and 1930, the Nativity façade was the first façade to be completed. Dedicated to the birth of Jesus, it is decorated with scenes reminiscent of elements of life. Characteristic of Gaudí's naturalistic style, the sculptures are ornately arranged and decorated with scenes and images from nature, each a symbol

of it. Some of the statues were destroyed in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War, and subsequently were reconstructed by the Japanese artist Etsuro Sotoo. In contrast to the highly decorated Nativity Façade, the Passion Façade is austere, plain and simple, with ample bare stone, and is carved with harsh straight lines to resemble the bones of a skeleton. Dedicated to the Passion of Christ, the suffering of Jesus during his crucifixion, the façade was intended to portray the sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaudí for future architects and sculptors. The

midpoint in 2010. However, some of the project's greatest challenges remain, including the construction of ten more spires, each symbolising an important Biblical figure in the New Testament. It is anticipated that the building can be completed by 2026—the centenary of Gaudí's death. The basilica has a long history of dividing the citizens of Barcelona: over the initial possibility it might compete with Barcelona's cathedral, over Gaudí's design itself, over the possibility that work after Gaudí's death disregarded his design, and the 2007 proposal to build an underground tunnel of Spain's high-speed rail link to France which could disturb its

"Mi familia perfecta"
Mi familia perfecta Mi familia perfecta is an American telenovela created by José Vicente Spataro that premiered on Telemundo on 9 April 2018 and concluded on 13 July 2018. The series revolves around of the Guerrero family, a family so united, as dysfunctional, formed by five siblings who were left alone when their father died and their mother was deported. The series stars Jorge Luis Moreno, Sabrina Seara, and Gala Montes, returning to the network after leaving their mark in the hit Super Series ""El Señor de los Cielos"". The series tells the story of Los Guerrero, five siblings struggling

narrow spiral staircase of over 300 steps. There is a posted caution for those with medical conditions. As of June 2017, on-line ticket purchase has been available. As of August 2010, there had been a service whereby visitors could buy an entry code either at Servicaixa ATM kiosks (part of ""La Caixa"") or online. During the peak season, May to October, reservation delays for entrance of up to a few days are not unusual. Construction on Sagrada Família is not supported by any government or official church sources. Private patrons funded the initial stages. Money from tickets purchased by tourists

"The Greatest Showman"
as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is ""The Greatest Showman""? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."" Justin Chang of the ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote that the film's failures ""are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of

and Justin Paul wrote all the songs appearing in the film. The soundtrack album is produced by Justin Paul, Benj Pasek, Greg Wells, Kevin Weaver and Pete Ganbarg, featuring the eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1. ""The Greatest Showman"" now draws level with Adele's ""21"" for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 910,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 420,000 physical

The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS ""Queen Mary 2"". It was released in the United States on December 20, 2017, by 20th

which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum transforms it into an open-air tent circus by the docks. The revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family (""The Greatest Show"" reprise). The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role. In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct. In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs. On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to

its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."" The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8,

explains that he expects great things from his future, and reassures her that they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood (""A Million Dreams""), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City (""A Million Dreams"" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum craves more. Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. In a daring risk, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving them into accepting his former employer's lost

"Absolute Power (radio and TV series)"
and lying, except how to do it properly"". The television series was written by Guy Andrews, Mark Lawson and Andrew Rattenbury, and had the tag ""spin is dead, long live PR"". Unlike most radio to TV sitcom transfers, none of the TV episodes was based on a radio episode. There are many differences to the radio version. Prentiss McCabe is a much more powerful and respected organisation than in the radio series. Martin McCabe is much more worldly wise. The secret meetings with government representatives are gone and replaced with more cups of coffee with newspaper editors and private secretaries.

There's... Johnny! There's... Johnny! is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Paul Reiser and David Steven Simon and starring Ian Nelson, Jane Levy, T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh, and Tony Danza. The series takes place in the 1970s and depicts the fictional goings-on behind the scenes of ""The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"". The series was ordered by streaming service Seeso and had been scheduled to premiere on August 24, 2017, but that release was canceled due to Seeso's closure. The streaming service Hulu subsequently acquired the streaming rights to the series and released all seven produced episodes on November

"Title of show"
song ""Nine People's Favorite Thing"" (from ""[title of show]""), 600 fans were assigned one line each from the song through e-mail, and instructed to e-mail a picture of themselves illustrating the lyric. The final video contains every picture, in lyrical order, as the song plays. The fans include everyday people and celebrities Patti LuPone, Joel Grey, Betty Buckley, John Kander, Jonathan Groff, Neil Patrick Harris, Jane Krakowski, America Ferrera, actor/siblings Celia, Maggie, and Andrew Keenan-Bolger, and others. Title of show [title of show] is a one-act musical, with music and lyrics by Jeff Bowen and a book by Hunter Bell.

an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."" In a negative review for ""The Hollywood Reporter"", David Rooney wrote ""This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."" Writing for ""Rolling Stone"", Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, ""How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman

city of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four. This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium, as the Alamodome is a college football stadium, although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season. The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities. Philips Arena, the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum, hosted the South regional games, and the new Little Caesars Arena, home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings, hosted games. And

in professional football arenas. Under then-current criteria, only nine stadiums, all but one of which are current NFL venues, could be considered as Final Four locations: Two domed stadiums that have hosted past Final Fours—the Alamodome (1998, 2004, 2008, 2018) and Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida (1999)—were considered too small to be eligible to host, despite the Alamodome being a college football stadium and having a permanent seating capacity of 65,000. The basketball setup at the Alamodome prior to 2018 used only half of the stadium and had a capacity of 39,500. This was changed for the 2018 Final

Championship (Final Four and Championship) The city of Glendale, a Phoenix suburb, became the 30th host city, and the University of Phoenix Stadium became the 39th host venue, to host a Final Four. For the second straight year, no regional games were held in domed stadiums, a move dictated in 2013 by the NCAA to limit use of the stadiums for the regional rounds. The tournament featured two new arenas in previously visited markets. For the first time the tournament was held at the Bankers Life Fieldhouse, the home of the Indiana Pacers. This marks the first time since 1982

"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"
180 countries. In Canada, the game aired on TSN. Radio coverage in the United States was provided by Westwood One. 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship

2018 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament, Villanova was ranked No. 1 in the AP Poll and earned the No. 1 seed in the East Regional. In the first round, Villanova defeated the No. 16 Radford Highlanders, 87–61. Villanova blew out the No. 9 Alabama Crimson Tide by a score of 81–58 in the second round. In the Sweet 16, Villanova beat the West Virginia Mountaineers, 90–78. Villanova won against the No. 3 Texas Tech Red Raiders, 71–59, to make the Final Four. They defeated the Kansas Jayhawks by a score of 95–79 in the Final Four to reach the championship

for the first time since 1994, the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games. The state of North Carolina was threatened with a 2018-2022 championship venue boycott by the NCAA, due to the HB2 law passed in 2016. However, the law was repealed (but with provisos) days before the NCAA met to make decisions on venues in April 2017. At that time, the NCAA board of governors ""reluctantly voted to allow consideration of championship bids in North Carolina by our committees that are presently meeting"". Therefore, Charlotte was eligible and

2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship in 2016. Villanova defeated Michigan, 79–62. Donte DiVincenzo, a reserve player, scored 31 points for Villanova, and was named the

a Final Four (such as State Farm Stadium), to receive a regional if it is awarded a future Final Four. In November 2014, reflecting the new policy's effect, the NCAA announced that what is now State Farm Stadium would host the Final Four in 2017. Prior to 1975, only one team per conference could be in the NCAA tournament. However, after several highly ranked teams in the country were denied entrance into the tournament (e.g., South Carolina, which was 14-0 in ACC regular season play during 1970 but lost in the ACC tournament; Southern Cal, which was ranked #2 in

feat, in 1997–98 and 2001–02, as well as winning a cup double of the FA Cup and League Cup in 1992–93. Seasons in bold are seasons when the club won a Double of the league and FA Cup, or of the FA Cup and League Cup. The ""2003–04"" season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season. As of 6 August 2017. When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other

2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014 when, spearheaded by then club-record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. A year later, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second time in a row, defeating Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles, a record which Manchester United would

"History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present)"
team managed by José Mourinho, his 14th attempt, while finishing third in the league. For the following season, Arsenal gradually progressed upon their league form, eventually becoming runners-up in 2016. In order to capture that ever-elusive Premier League title for the first time in 12 years, the club spent heavily in the transfer market in the summer of 2016, spending over £80 million on four first-team acquisitions, namely capturing Shkodran Mustafi and Granit Xhaka, who operate as a central defender and central midfielder, respectively. Both positions were long deemed problem positions in the team, with the hope Arsenal could push

taken kickbacks for signing certain players and he was sacked in 1995. Arsenal fifth period of success came with the appointment of Arsène Wenger in 1996. Under him, Arsenal won a second league and cup double in 1997–98 and then a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club were victorious in the 2002–03 and 2004–05 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match. In 2005–06 became the first London club to reach the UEFA Champions League Final, and lost 2–1 against FC Barcelona. During the following close season, they left their longstanding home of

as Arsenal retook the title in 1990–91, despite two major setbacks. Arsenal had two points deducted in November 1990 after ten of their players were involved in a brawl with Manchester United players in a match at Old Trafford, and captain Tony Adams was sentenced to four months' imprisonment for drink driving just before Christmas. Despite these setbacks, Arsenal lost only one league match all season and finished seven points clear of Liverpool at the end of what had for most of the season been a two-horse race for the title. They also reached the FA Cup semi-finals, where they

in the bottom quarter of the table. Despite losing the first North London Derby of the season against Tottenham, Arsenal continued to gain points, and as of 23 October 2011 were in seventh place in the Premier League. In week that followed, Arsenal managed to extend their good form by beating Chelsea at Stamford Bridge 3–5, with a hat-trick from captain Robin van Persie. December 2011 saw the announcement of the possible comeback of Thierry Henry, Arsenal's all-time best player and goalscorer, to whom a statue was built, to the club, and the following month, it was confirmed that he

the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona. Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points, whether calculated by two points per win or by the contemporary points value. They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (92 as of 2017–18). Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement

meant the final was to be decided on a penalty shootout, with Valencia winning 5–4. Arsenal competed in the UEFA Cup in the 1981–82 and 1982–83 seasons and departed in the first and second round to FC Winterslag and Spartak Moscow respectively. The Heysel Stadium disaster of May 1985, during the 1985 European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus resulted in UEFA, and later FIFA, imposing a 'worldwide' ban on English teams from participating in European club competitions, initially for an indefinite period. Under George Graham, Arsenal returned to the European Cup in the 1991–92 season, having won the league

1979–80 Cup Winners' Cup final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was an FA Cup win in 1978–79 against Manchester United. After stagnation in the 1980s, the return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1986–87, the Football League Centenary Trophy in 1988, two League title wins in 1988–89 and 1990–91, the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1992–93 and a second European trophy, the Cup Winners' Cup, in 1993–94. However, Graham's reputation was tarnished when it was revealed that he had

"Let them eat cake"
and the working class was bread, absorbing 50 percent of their income, as opposed to 5 percent on fuel; the whole topic of bread was therefore the result of obsessional national interest."" However, there is no evidence that Queen Marie Antoinette ever uttered this phrase. It was first attributed to her by Alphonse Karr in ""Les Guêpes"" of March 1843. Other objections to the legend of Marie Antoinette and the cake/brioche comment centre on arguments concerning the queen's personality, internal evidence from members of the French royal family and the date of the saying's origin. For example, the Queen's English-language

Let them eat cake ""Let them eat cake"" is the traditional translation of the French phrase """"Qu'ils mangent de la brioche"""", supposedly spoken by ""a great princess"" upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quotation would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation. While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette, there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ""Confessions"", his autobiography (whose first six books were written in

1765, when Marie Antoinette was nine years of age, and published in 1782). The context of Rousseau's account was his desire to have some bread to accompany some wine he had stolen; however, feeling he was too elegantly dressed to go into an ordinary bakery, he recalled the words of a ""great princess"": Rousseau does not name the ""great princess"" and he may have invented the anecdote, as ""Confessions"" cannot be read as strictly factual. The quotation, first attributed to Marie Antoinette in 1843, was claimed to have been uttered during one of the famines that occurred in France during

"Horace Fletcher"
Horace Fletcher Horace Fletcher (1849–1919) was an American health food enthusiast of the Victorian era who earned the nickname ""The Great Masticator"", by arguing that food should be chewed about 100 times per minute before being swallowed: ""Nature will castigate those who don't masticate"". He made elaborate justifications for his claim. Fletcher and his followers recited and followed his instructions religiously, even claiming that liquids, too, had to be chewed in order to be properly mixed with saliva. Fletcher argued that his mastication method will increase the amount of strength a person could have while actually decreasing the amount of

overall health - was to have a holistic approach. The approach has only three steps: Horace Fletcher Horace Fletcher (1849–1919) was an American health food enthusiast of the Victorian era who earned the nickname ""The Great Masticator"", by arguing that food should be chewed about 100 times per minute before being swallowed: ""Nature will castigate those who don't masticate"". He made elaborate justifications for his claim. Fletcher and his followers recited and followed his instructions religiously, even claiming that liquids, too, had to be chewed in order to be properly mixed with saliva. Fletcher argued that his mastication method will

"You can't have your cake and eat it"
illustrates the concept of trade-offs or opportunity cost. The order of the clauses in the saying has been the subject of some debate, and was even used in forensic linguistics (contributing to the identification and arrest of the so-called Unabomber). An early recording of the phrase is in a letter on 14 March 1538 from Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, to Thomas Cromwell, as ""a man can not have his cake and eat his cake"". The phrase occurs with the clauses reversed in John Heywood's ""A dialogue Conteinyng the Nomber in Effect of All the Prouerbes in the Englishe Tongue"" from

"Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man"
considered pejorative. Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man ""Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man"", ""Pat-a-cake"", ""patty-cake"" or ""pattycake"" is one of the oldest and most widely known surviving English nursery rhymes. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 6486. The earliest recorded version of the rhyme appears in Thomas D'Urfey's play ""The Campaigners"" from 1698, where a nurse says to her charges: ...and pat a cake Bakers man, so I will master as I can, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and throw't into the Oven. The next appearance is in ""Mother Goose's

"Gayelord Hauser"
Gayelord Hauser (Benjamin Gayelord Hauser) (1895–1984), popularly known as Gayelord Hauser, was an American nutritionist and self-help author, who promoted the 'natural way of eating' during the mid-20th century. He promoted foods rich in vitamin B and discouraged consumption of sugar and white flour. Hauser was a best-selling author, popular on the lecture and social circuits, and was nutritional advisor to many celebrities. Gayelord Hauser was born Helmut Eugen Benjamin Gellert Hauser on 17 May 1895 in Tübingen, Germany to Christian Hauser, a schoolmaster, and Agate Rothe. At the age of sixteen, young Helmut joined his older brother, the Reverend

Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man ""Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man"", ""Pat-a-cake"", ""patty-cake"" or ""pattycake"" is one of the oldest and most widely known surviving English nursery rhymes. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 6486. The earliest recorded version of the rhyme appears in Thomas D'Urfey's play ""The Campaigners"" from 1698, where a nurse says to her charges: ...and pat a cake Bakers man, so I will master as I can, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and throw't into the Oven. The next appearance is in ""Mother Goose's Melody"", (c.

"Franz Sacher"
Franz Sacher Franz Sacher (19 December 1816 – 11 March 1907) was an Austrian-Jewish confectioner, best known as the inventor of the world-famous chocolate cake, the Sachertorte. In 1832 Austria's minister of foreign affairs, Prince Metternich, ordered his court's kitchen to create a special dessert for a dinner to be attended by high-ranking guests. ""Dass er mir aber keine Schand' macht, heut' Abend!"" (""Let there be no shame on me tonight!""), he is reported to have declared. Unfortunately, on the day of the dinner the chief cook of Metternich's household was taken ill, and the task of preparing the dessert

who pays medical bills in great britain where does the money come from to pay these bills

"Health insurance"
in the UK. It is not strictly an insurance system because (a) there are no premiums collected, (b) costs are not charged at the patient level and (c) costs are not pre-paid from a pool. However, it does achieve the main aim of insurance which is to spread financial risk arising from ill-health. The costs of running the NHS (est. £104 billion in 2007-8) are met directly from general taxation. The NHS provides the majority of health care in the UK, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term health care, ophthalmology, and dentistry. Private health care has continued parallel to the

"Health care in the United Kingdom"
medication use. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales no longer have Prescription charges. However, in England, a prescription charge of £8.60 is payable per item , though patients under 16 years old (16–18 years if still in full-time education) or over 60 years getting prescribed drugs are exempt from paying as are people with certain medical conditions, those on low incomes or in receipt of certain benefits, and those prescribed drugs for contraception. UK permanent residents in England do not pay the real cost of the medicines and so for some prescribed medicines that can be bought over the counter without

a prescription, for example aspirin, it can be much cheaper to purchase these without a prescription. UK permanent residents in England who must pay can (instead of paying for each medical item individually) purchase a three-month Prescription Prepayment Certificate (PPC) costing £29.10. This saves the patient money where the patient needs three or more items in three months. There is also a 12-month PPC certificate costing £104.00 which saves patient's money if 12 or more items are needed in 12 months. There are no prescription charges anywhere in the UK for medicines administered at a hospital, by a doctor or

"Healthcare in England"
Healthcare in England Healthcare in England is mainly provided by England's public health service, the National Health Service, that provides healthcare to all permanent residents of the United Kingdom that is free at the point of use and paid for from general taxation. Since health is a devolved matter, there are differences with the provisions for healthcare elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Though the public system dominates healthcare provision in England, private health care and a wide variety of alternative and complementary treatments are available for those willing to pay. The National Health Service (NHS) is free at the point

the responsibility of individual clinicians, rather than a corporate responsibility supported by formal governance processes. Furthermore, private hospitals “were not set up to anticipate and handle emergency situations”. There were only 15 critical care services across 206 hospital sites so in an emergency they had to rely on the 999 service. Healthcare in England Healthcare in England is mainly provided by England's public health service, the National Health Service, that provides healthcare to all permanent residents of the United Kingdom that is free at the point of use and paid for from general taxation. Since health is a devolved matter,

branded generics, non-prescription-only medicines (POMs), blood products and substitutes or diagnostic drugs. Some new drugs are available for prescription more quickly than in the rest of the United Kingdom. At times this has led to complaints. The National Audit Office reports annually on the summarised consolidated accounts of the NHS, and Audit Scotland performs the same function for NHS Scotland. Since January 2007, the NHS have been able to claim back the cost of treatment, and for ambulance services, for those who have been paid personal injury compensation. Parking charges at hospitals have been abolished in Scotland (except for 3

index. It was criticised for its poor accessibility and ""an autocratic top-down management culture"". The index has in turn been criticized by academics, however. The total expenditure on healthcare as a proportion of GDP in 2013 was 8.5%, below the OECD average of 8.9% and considerably less than comparable economies such as France (10.9%), Germany (11.0%), Netherlands (11.1%), Switzerland (11.1%) and the USA (16.4%). The percentage of healthcare provided directly by the state is higher than most European countries, which have insurance-based healthcare with the state providing for those who cannot afford insurance. Each NHS system uses General Practitioners (GPs)

do not receive any NHS funding for the treatment. About half of the income of dentists in England comes from work sub-contracted from the NHS, however not all dentists choose to do NHS work. Private medicine, where patients, or their insurers, pay for treatment in the UK is a niche market. Some is provided by NHS hospitals. Private providers also contract with the NHS, especially in England, to provide treatment for NHS patients, particularly in mental health and planned surgery. Patients also go abroad for treatment. In 2014 about 48,000 went abroad for treatment and about 144,000 in 2016. This

to the World Health Organization, government funding covered 86% of overall health care expenditures in the UK as of 2004, with private expenditures covering the remaining 14%. Nearly one in three patients receiving NHS hospital treatment is privately insured and could have the cost paid for by their insurer. Some private schemes provide cash payments to patients who opt for NHS treatment, to deter use of private facilities. A report, by private health analysts Laing and Buisson, in November 2012, estimated that more than 250,000 operations were performed on patients with private medical insurance each year at a cost of

"Private medicine in the UK"
Private medicine in the UK Private medicine in the UK, where there is universal state-funded healthcare, is a small niche market. Private provision of services for patients who pay (or whose insurers pay) should be distinguished from private providers who are paid by the NHS for services which are, as far as the patients are concerned, free. According to LaingBuisson in 2018 the total private acute healthcare market is worth £1.47 billion (not including consulting or diagnostic work outside hospitals) and 40% of the demand is in London. NHS trusts in London increased their income from private patient units by

"Russia and the World Bank"
Russia and the World Bank The Russian Federation joined the World Bank after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which led to the formation of a new state and economy as a constitutional republic. The federation joined the World Bank on June 16, 1992. Since then, Russian projects funded by the World Bank have ranged from public administration and law to energy development and fishing. The World Bank was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. Although many countries were represented at the conference, the United States and the United Kingdom dominated negotiations. The president of the World Bank

"St. Petersburg International Economic Forum"
which was attended by members of the Federation Council of Russia, and French senators, as well as prominent thought leaders and public figures of the two countries. The Forum was held on June 12–16, 2001 under the motto ""The XXI Century: Innovative Development for the Benefit of Humanity"". By 2001, the Forum's status had grown significantly. It was officially recognized as the primary economic conference for the CIS. The presidents of Russia and Belarus, Vladimir Putin and Alexander Lukashenko, and UN Secretary General Kofi Annan sent letters of welcome to Forum participants. The Forum was attended by Czech Prime Minister

illustrated the high economic and innovative potential of Russia's regions. The Forum was held on June 6–8, 2008. The emergence of new centers of economic growth resulted in changes in the structure and development trends of global commodity and financial markets. The global financial crisis and problems associated with the dollar’s decline, the emergence of sovereign investment funds, and a rise in energy and food prices are individual manifestations of such processes. The problem of climate change can be added to the list, the solution of which requires not just individual, but collective efforts on the part of the majority

for economic interaction between federal subjects of the RF. The Forum was held on June 13–15, 2000 under the motto ""Strategies for the XXI Century: Concerted Efforts in the Interests of Creativity and Sustainable Development"". The Forum was attended by more than 2,200 people from 57 countries, including Belarus, Ukraine, Germany, China, Egypt, Brazil, and Peru. Forum participants included the UN Under Secretary General, Mark Brown; Acting President of the EBRD, Charles Frank; and representatives of OSCE and other international organizations and institutions. During the Forum, a Moscow-Paris teleconference dedicated to a number of social and economic problems was organized,

"Russia–NATO relations"
said that Russia was at ″information war″ primarily with ″Anglo-Saxon mass media″. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation moved towards a more open economy with less state intervention, and Russia became an important part of the global economy. In 1998, Russia joined the G8, a forum of eight large developed countries, six of which are members of NATO. In 2012, Russia joined the World Trade Organization, an organization of governments committed to reducing tariffs and other trade barriers. These increased economic ties gave Russia access to new markets and capital, as well as political clout in

his place, the President of Russia appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Sergei Prikhodko. Since that time, the Forum has been organized directly by the Russian government administration, rather than the Ministry of Economic Development. On December 4, 2015, the SPIEF Foundation was renamed to the Roscongress Foundation. The Forum was held on June 18–20, 1997 under the auspices of the Inter-parliamentary Assembly of CIS Member States and with the support of the Russian government. It was attended by more than 1,500 people from 50 countries. During the Forum, the governments of Russia and Belarus signed loan agreements

"Group of Eight"
Group of Eight The G8, reformatted as G7 from 2014 due to the suspension of Russia's participation, was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the political forum from 1997, which the following year became known as

1988 by Greece and Turkey, helping them turn back from the brink of war. In 1992, South African President F. W. de Klerk met with Nelson Mandela and Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi at the annual meeting, their first joint appearance outside South Africa. At the 1994 annual meeting, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat reached a draft agreement on Gaza and Jericho. In late 2015, the invitation was extended to include a North Korean delegation for the 2016 forum, ""in view of positive signs coming out of the country,"" the WEF organizers noted. North Korea has not

"Continental union"
as the first Secretary General of UNASUR. The Eurasian Economic Union was founded in January, 2015, consisting of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and observer member Moldova, all of them being previous members of the Soviet Union. The Eurasian Union is a Transcontinental Union as members include states from both Europe and Asia. The Asia Cooperation Dialogue is an inter-governmental organization created on 18 June 2002 to promote Asian cooperation at a continental level and to help integrate separate regional organizations such as ASEAN, SAARC, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Eurasian Economic Union. Although generally not considered a traditional

"Member states of the World Trade Organization"
international intergovernmental organizations are also granted observer status to WTO bodies. The Palestinian Authority submitted a request for WTO observer status in October 2009 and again in April 2010. Afghanistan is the newest member, joining effective 29 July 2016. Russia was one of the only two large economies outside of the WTO after Saudi Arabia joined in 2005. It had begun negotiating to join the WTO's predecessor in 1993. The final major point of contention – related to the 2008 Russo-Georgian War – was solved through mediation by Switzerland, leading to Russian membership in 2012. The other is Iran, which

"Cataract surgery"
Cataract surgery Cataract surgery also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye (also called ""crystalline lens"") that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as a cataract, and its replacement with an intraocular lens. Metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibers over time lead to the development of the cataract, causing impairment or loss of vision. Some infants are born with congenital cataracts, and certain environmental factors may also lead to cataract formation. Early symptoms may include strong glare from lights and small light sources at night, and reduced acuity at low

Hemianopsia
Hemianopsia Hemianopsia, or hemianopia, is a less vision or blindness (anopsia) in half the visual field, usually on one side of the vertical midline. The most common causes of this damage are stroke, brain tumor, and trauma. This article deals only with permanent hemianopsia, and not with transitory or temporary hemianopsia, as identified by William Wollaston PRS in 1824. Temporary hemianopsia can occur in the aura phase of migraine. The word ""hemianopsia"" is from Greek origins, where: When the pathology involves both eyes, it is either homonymous or Heteronymous. A homonymous hemianopsia is the loss of half of the visual

Aphakia
Aphakia Aphakia is the absence of the lens of the eye, due to surgical removal, a perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly. It causes a loss of accommodation, far sightedness (hyperopia), and a deep anterior chamber. Complications include detachment of the vitreous or retina, and glaucoma. Babies are rarely born with aphakia. Occurrence most often results from surgery to remove congenital cataract (clouding of the eye's lens, which can block light from entering the eye and focusing clearly). Congenital cataracts usually develop as a result of infection of the fetus or genetic reasons. It is often difficult to identify

Presbyopia
adapt, assimilating two images, one of which is out of focus. Over time, many patients report they are unaware one eye is out of focus. Surgically implanted corneal inlays are another treatment option for presbyopia. Corneal inlays typically are implanted in the nondominant eye to minimize impact to binocular uncorrected distance vision. They seek to improve near vision in one of three ways: changing the central refractive index, increasing the depth of focus through the use of a pinhole, and reshaping the central cornea. The term is from Greek πρέσβυς ""presby"" meaning ""old"" and ὤψ ""ōps"" meaning ""sight"" ( ὠπός

commonly used in contact lens practice, known as monovision. Monovision can be created with contact lenses, so candidates for this procedure can determine if they are prepared to have their corneas reshaped by surgery to cause this effect permanently. The cause of presbyopia is lens hardening by decreasing levels of -crystallin, a process which may be sped up by higher temperatures. In optics, the closest point at which an object can be brought into focus by the eye is called the eye's near point. A standard near point distance of 25 cm is typically assumed in the design of optical

the eyedrops to control the inflammation and the antibiotics that prevent infection. Lens and cataract procedures are commonly performed in an outpatient setting; in the United States, 99.9% of lens and cataract procedures were done in an ambulatory setting in 2012. Occasionally, a peripheral iridectomy may be performed to minimize the risk of pupillary block glaucoma. An opening through the iris can be fashioned manually (surgical iridectomy) or with a laser (called Nd-YAG laser iridotomy). The laser peripheral iridotomy may be performed either prior to or following cataract surgery. The iridectomy hole is larger when done manually than when performed

"Binasal hemianopsia"
Binasal hemianopsia Binasal hemianopsia (or binasal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the inner half of both the right and left visual field. It is associated with certain lesions of the eye and of the central nervous system, such as congenital hydrocephalus. In binasal hemianopsia, vision is missing in the inner (nasal or medial) half of both the right and left visual fields. Information from the nasal visual field falls on the temporal (lateral) retina. Those lateral retinal nerve fibers do not cross in the optic chiasm. Calcification of the

Keratoconus
milky-white appearance known as a corneal hydrops. Although disconcerting to the patient, the effect is normally temporary and after a period of six to eight weeks, the cornea usually returns to its former transparency. The recovery can be aided nonsurgically by bandaging with an osmotic saline solution. Although a hydrops usually causes increased scarring of the cornea, occasionally it will benefit a patient by creating a flatter cone, aiding the fitting of contact lenses. Corneal transplantation is not usually indicated during corneal hydrops. The National Eye Institute reports keratoconus is the most common corneal dystrophy in the United States, affecting

with moderate or severe vision loss, and often with delays. This is despite guidance issued by the NHS executive in 2000 urging providers to standardize care, streamline the process, and increase the number of cataract surgeries performed in order to meet the needs of the aging population. Cataract surgery Cataract surgery also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye (also called ""crystalline lens"") that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as a cataract, and its replacement with an intraocular lens. Metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibers over time lead to

can be broken down as follows: Binasal hemianopsia Binasal hemianopsia (or binasal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the inner half of both the right and left visual field. It is associated with certain lesions of the eye and of the central nervous system, such as congenital hydrocephalus. In binasal hemianopsia, vision is missing in the inner (nasal or medial) half of both the right and left visual fields. Information from the nasal visual field falls on the temporal (lateral) retina. Those lateral retinal nerve fibers do not cross in

"Hocus Pocus (song)"
as a single on the Sire Records label in the United States and Canada in 1973. It reached No. 20 in the UK, No. 18 in Canada, and No. 9 in the US during the spring and summer of 1973. It re-entered the UK charts at No. 57 on 6 June 2010 after being featured heavily on ""The Chris Moyles Show"" and in a Nike TV advert shown during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The song has been covered by the Vandals, and was recorded on their debut LP, ""When in Rome Do as The Vandals"" in 1984. ""Hocus Pocus""

The Cincinnati Reds used a sample of the song as the opening television credits during the 1973 season which displayed clips of the 1972 National League Championship Series in which Johnny Bench hit a game-tying home run in the bottom of the ninth inning of the fifth and final game as well as George Foster scoring the pennant-winning run on a wild pitch. The song has also been featured on HBO's ""Vinyl"", and on season 7 of Showtime's ""Shameless"". The song was also used in the 2013 documentary """"1"""". In this film about Formula 1 racing, the pulsing song was

the backdrop for in-car footage of Ayrton Senna's qualifying lap at the Monaco Grand Prix. The song was prominently featured in a scene of the 2017 film ""Baby Driver"". Hocus Pocus (song) ""Hocus Pocus"" is a 1971 song from ""Moving Waves"", the second album by Dutch rock group Focus. It was written by guitarist Jan Akkerman and flautist-keyboardist Thijs van Leer. An edited version was released as a single (with ""Janis"" as the B-side) on the Imperial Records, Polydor and Blue Horizon labels in Europe in 1971, but it did not chart in the UK until 1973. A faster re-recording,

Hocus Pocus (song) ""Hocus Pocus"" is a 1971 song from ""Moving Waves"", the second album by Dutch rock group Focus. It was written by guitarist Jan Akkerman and flautist-keyboardist Thijs van Leer. An edited version was released as a single (with ""Janis"" as the B-side) on the Imperial Records, Polydor and Blue Horizon labels in Europe in 1971, but it did not chart in the UK until 1973. A faster re-recording, ""Hocus Pocus 2"", was released as a single (with ""House of the King"" as the B-side) in Europe in 1972. ""Hocus Pocus"" c/w ""Hocus Pocus II"" [""sic""] was released

takes the form of a rondo, consisting of alternation between a powerful rock chord riff with short drum solos and then varied solo ""verses"" (in the original all performed by Thijs van Leer) which include yodeling, eefing, organ playing, accordion, scat singing, flute riffs, and whistling. The single version is significantly edited from the album version. ""Hocus Pocus 2"" is a slightly faster version with some funk elements and rhythms added. It was released as a single in its own right in Europe and was the B-side to the North American release of ""Hocus Pocus"". When performing live, Focus would

"Hocus Pocus (soundtrack)"
Hocus Pocus (soundtrack) Hocus Pocus is the score for the Walt Disney Pictures Halloween comedy film of the same name. It was composed and conducted by John Debney. The original soundtrack was released on July 1, 1993 through promotional release by Debney, containing 19 tracks from the film. Several bootlegs were released on the internet, mainly because the promotional release misses the entire opening sequence music. On September 30, 2013, Intrada Records re-released a special edition containing the entire score from the film plus bonus material, including alternate takes of some tracks. In 1993, Debney released an assembly of the

"Hocus Pocus (1993 film)"
musical score for ""Hocus Pocus"" was composed and conducted by John Debney. James Horner was originally slated to score the film, but became unavailable at the last minute, so Debney had to score the entire film in two weeks. Even though he didn't score the film, Horner came back to write the theme for Sarah (sung by Sarah Jessica Parker, more commonly known as ""Come Little Children"") which is featured in Intrada's Complete Edition of the score. Debney released a promotional score through the internet containing 19 tracks from the film. Bootlegs were subsequently released across the internet, primarily because

"I Put a Spell on You"
I Put a Spell on You ""I Put a Spell on You"" is a 1956 song written and composed by Jalacy ""Screamin' Jay"" Hawkins, whose own recording of it was selected as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. It was also ranked No. 313 on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The selection became a classic cult song covered by a variety of artists and was his greatest commercial success, reportedly surpassing a million copies in sales, even though it failed to make the

Hocus Pocus (1993 film) Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American comedy horror fantasy film directed by Kenny Ortega, starring Bette Midler, Kathy Najimy, and Sarah Jessica Parker; written by Neil Cuthbert and Mick Garris, and based on a story by Garris and David Kirschner. It follows a villainous trio of witches, who are inadvertently resurrected by a teenage boy in Salem, Massachusetts. Although it was not a critical or commercial success when it was first released, ""Hocus Pocus"" has become a cult film, largely from annual airings on the Disney Channel and Freeform (formerly ABC Family). On October 31, 1693

""Billboard"" pop or R&B charts. Hawkins had originally intended to record ""I Put a Spell on You"" as ""a refined love song, a blues ballad"". However, the producer (Arnold Maxin) ""brought in ribs and chicken and got everybody drunk, and we came out with this weird version ... I don't even remember making the record. Before, I was just a normal blues singer. I was just Jay Hawkins. It all sort of just fell in place. I found out I could do more destroying a song and screaming it to death."" Hawkins first recorded ""I Put a Spell on You""

who was executed for being an american spy during the revolutionary war

"Nathan Hale"
Nathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. Hale has long been considered an American hero and, in 1985, he was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut. Nathan Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut, in 1755 to Richard Hale and Elizabeth Strong. In 1769, when he was fourteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale College.

"Benedict Arnold"
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold (June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served as a general during the American Revolutionary War, fighting for the American Continental Army before defecting to the British in 1780. George Washington had given him his fullest trust and placed him in command of the fortifications at West Point, New York. Arnold planned to surrender the fort to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780 and he fled to the British. His name quickly became a byword in the United States for treason and betrayal because he led the British army in

considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with traitor soon after his betrayal became public. Biblical themes were often invoked; Benjamin Franklin wrote that ""Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions"", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as ""black as hell"". In his home town of Norwich, someone scrawled the word ""Traitor"" next to his record of birth at City Hall. Additionally, the gravestones were destroyed of all but his mother. Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. The first

"John Wickham (attorney)"
John Wickham (attorney) John Wickham (June 6, 1763 - January 22, 1839) was an American Loyalist and attorney. He was one of the very few Loyalists to achieve any sort of national prominence in the United States after the American Revolution, and is best remembered for his role in the treason trial of former Vice President Aaron Burr in 1807. John Wickham was the oldest son of John Wickham Sr. and his wife Hannah Fanning. Wickham was born in the colony of New York in the village of Cutchogue. His father was a minister in the Anglican Church and a

"Thomas Hickey (soldier)"
Thomas Hickey (soldier) Thomas Hickey (hung on June 28, 1776) was a Continental Army soldier in the American Revolutionary War, and the first person executed for ""mutiny, sedition, and treachery."" Born in Ireland, he came to America as a soldier in the British Army and fought as personal assistant to Major General William Johnson in the Seven Years' War, but deserted to the other side when the Revolution broke out. He became part of the Life Guard, which protected General George Washington, his staff, and the Continental Army's payroll. Hickey was jailed for passing counterfeit money. He was tried and

"John Bernardi"
John Bernardi Major John Bernardi (1657- 20 September 1736) was an English soldier, adventurer and Jacobite conspirator. Bernardi is best known for his involvement in an assassination plot against William III, and his subsequent forty-year imprisonment, without proper trial, in Newgate prison. Bernardi was born in Evesham into a wealthy family of Genoese origin. His grandfather, Philip, and father, Francis, had both served as Resident of the Republic of Genoa, though after a disagreement the latter had retired permanently to Evesham. John Bernardi's ""restless"" temperament, along with what he claimed was ""harsh"" treatment by his father, led him to run

"Isaac Hayne"
Isaac Hayne Isaac Hayne (23 September 1745 – 4 August 1781) was one of the most prominent Americans to be executed by the British during the American War of Independence. At the beginning of the War of Independence Hayne joined the rebellion, and was a commissioned a captain of artillery, and at the same time state senator. In 1780, on the invasion of the state by the British, he served in a cavalry regiment during the final siege of Charleston, and, being included in the capitulation of that place, was paroled on condition that he would not serve against the

"John André"
John André John André (2 May 1750 – 2 October 1780) was a British Army officer hanged as a spy by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War for assisting Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British. André was born on 2 May 1750 in London to wealthy Huguenot parents Antoine André, a merchant from Geneva, Switzerland, and Marie Louise Girardot from Paris, France. He was educated at St Paul's School, Westminster School, and in Geneva. He was briefly engaged to Honora Sneyd. At age 20, he entered the British Army

"Bathsheba Spooner"
Bathsheba Spooner Bathsheba Ruggles Spooner (February 15, 1746 – July 2, 1778) was the first woman to be executed in the United States following the Declaration of Independence. The daughter of a prominent Colonial American lawyer, justice and military officer, Bathsheba Ruggles had an arranged marriage to a wealthy farmer, Joshua Spooner. She then became lovers with a young soldier from the Continental Army, Ezra Ross, and became pregnant. She enlisted the assistance of Ross and two others to murder her husband. On the night of March 1, 1778, one of them beat Joshua Spooner to death and they put

would overtake France and Italy by 2020, Germany, UK and Russia by 2025 and Japan by 2035, making it the third-largest economy of the world, behind the US and China. India is often seen by most economists as a rising economic superpower which will play a major role in the 21st-century global economy. Starting in 2012, India entered a period of reduced growth, which slowed to 5.6%. Other economic problems also became apparent: a plunging Indian rupee, a persistent high current account deficit and slow industrial growth. Hit by the US Federal Reserve's decision to taper quantitative easing, foreign investors

substantial reduction in state control of the economy and increased financial liberalisation. This has been accompanied by increases in life expectancy, literacy rates and food security, although urban residents have benefited more than rural residents. While the credit rating of India was hit by its nuclear weapons tests in 1998, it has since been raised to investment level in 2003 by Standard & Poor's (S&P) and Moody's. India experienced high growth rates, averaging 9% from 2003 to 2007. Growth then moderated in 2008 due to the global financial crisis. In 2003, Goldman Sachs predicted that India's GDP in current prices

"Economic development in India"
ranks 138th and 144th respectively in 2014. At the turn of the century India's GDP was at around US$480 billion. As economic reforms picked up pace, India's GDP grew five-fold to reach US$2.2 trillion in 2015 (as per IMF estimates). India's GDP growth during January–March period of 2015 was at 7.5% compared to China's 7%, making it the fastest growing economy. During 2014–15, India's GDP growth recovered marginally to 7.3% from 6.9% in the previous fiscal. During 2014–15, India's services sector grew by 10.1%, manufacturing sector by 7.1% & agriculture by 0.2%. Indian Economy Grows at 7.6 & 7.1 in

Economy of India The economy of India is a developing mixed economy. It is the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 139th in per capita GDP (nominal) with $2,134 and 122nd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $7,783 . After the 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6-7% average GDP growth annually. Since 2014 with the exception of 2017, India's economy has been the world's fastest growing major economy, surpassing China. The long-term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio,

healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. India topped the World Bank's growth outlook for the first time in fiscal year 2015–16, during which the economy grew 7.6%. Despite previous reforms, economic growth is still significantly slowed by bureaucracy, poor infrastructure, and inflexible labor laws (especially the inability to lay off workers in a business slowdown). India has one of the fastest growing service sectors in the world with an annual growth rate above 9% since 2001, which contributed to 57% of GDP in 2012–13. India has become a major exporter of IT services, Business

India
grow to US$2,358 by 2020; however, it has remained lower than those of other Asian developing countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, and is expected to remain so in the near future. However, it is higher than that of most neighbouring South Asian countries, such as Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. According to a 2011 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report, India's GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that of the United States by 2045. During the next four decades, Indian GDP is expected to grow at an annualised average of 8%, making it potentially the world's fastest-growing

began rapidly pulling money out of India – though this reversed with the stock market approaching its all-time high and the current account deficit narrowing substantially. India started recovery in 2013–14 when the GDP growth rate accelerated to 6.4% from the previous year's 5.5%. The acceleration continued through 2014–15 and 2015–16 with growth rates of 7.5% and 8.0% respectively. For the first time since 1990, India grew faster than China which registered 6.9% growth in 2015. However the growth rate subsequently decelerated, to 7.1% and 6.6% in 2016–17 and 2017–18 respectively, partly because of the disruptive effects of 2016 Indian

FY 2015-16 and FY 2016-17 Respectively as Major Reforms had Been Taken Place like Demonitisation and Implementation of GST in FY 2016-17 the Economic Growth has Been Slow Down in 2017-18 as it is Expected to Grow at 6.7 and Forecasted to Rebound by 8.2% in 2018-19. India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 18.6% of the GDP in 2005, employed 60% of the total workforce and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in

nations are moving to forge better relationships with India. The economy of India is currently the world's third largest in terms of real GDP (PPP) after the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. According to the World Bank India overtook China to become the fastest-growing major economy in the world as of 2015 Its record growth was in the third quarter of 2003, when it grew higher than any other emerging economy at 10.4%. Estimates by the IMF show that in 2011 (see List of countries by future GDP estimates (PPP)), India became the third largest

of countries, which is measured as the private wealth held by all residents of a country. According to New World Wealth, India's total wealth increased from $3,165 billion in 2007 to $8,230 billion in 2017, a growth rate of 160%. India's total wealth rose by 25% from $6.2 trillion in 2016 to $8.23 trillion in 2017, making it the sixth wealthiest nation in the world. There are 20,730 multimillionaires (7th largest in the world) and 119 billionaires in India (3rd largest in the world). With 330,400 high net-worth individuals (HNWI), India is home to the 9th highest number of HNWIs

which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

elbow, wrist, fingers, thumb, eyelids, lips, and jaw. The arm and hand motor area is the largest, and occupies the part of precentral gyrus between the leg and face area. These areas are not proportional to their size in the body with the lips, face parts, and hands represented by particularly large areas. Following amputation or paralysis, motor areas can shift to adopt new parts of the body. The primary motor cortex receives thalamic inputs from different thalamic nuclei. Among others: - Ventral lateral nucleus for cerebellar afferents - Ventral anterior nucleus for basal ganglia afferents At least two modifications

Primary motor cortex The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, posterior parietal cortex, and several subcortical brain regions, to plan and execute movements. Primary motor cortex is defined anatomically as the region of cortex that contains large neurons known as Betz cells. Betz cells, along with other cortical neurons, send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto

"Prefrontal cortex"
prefrontal area was restricted to the anterior-most part of the frontal lobe (approximately corresponding to the frontal pole). It has been hypothesized that his choice of the term was based on the prefrontal bone present in most amphibians and reptiles. Prefrontal cortex In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA46, and BA47. Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's will to live, personality, and the

percentage of the corticospinal tract. By some measures they account for about 10% of the primary motor cortex neurons projecting to the spinal cord or about 2-3% of the total cortical projection to the spinal cord. Though the Betz cells do not compose the entire motor output of the cortex, they nonetheless provide a clear marker for the primary motor cortex. This region of cortex, characterized by the presence of Betz cells, was termed area 4 by Brodmann. As the motor axons travel down through the cerebral white matter, they move closer together and form part of the ""posterior limb""

of the internal capsule. They continue down into the brainstem, where some of them, after crossing over to the contralateral side, distribute to the cranial nerve motor nuclei. (Note: a few motor fibers synapse with lower motor neurons on the same side of the brainstem). After crossing over to the contralateral side in the medulla oblongata (pyramidal decussation), the axons travel down the spinal cord as the ""lateral corticospinal tract"". Fibers that do not cross over in the brainstem travel down the separate ventral corticospinal tract, and most of them cross over to the contralateral side in the spinal cord,

cerebral artery provide most of the arterial blood supply for the primary motor cortex. The medial aspect (leg areas) is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery. There is a broadly somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex in an arrangement called a motor homunculus (Latin: ""little person""). The leg area is located close to the midline, in interior sections of the motor area folding into the medial longitudinal fissure. The lateral, convex side of the primary motor cortex is arranged from top to bottom in areas that correspond to the buttocks, torso, shoulder,

the top of the hemisphere and then continues onto the medial wall of the hemisphere. The location of the primary motor cortex is most obvious on histological examination due to the presence of the distinctive Betz cells. Layer V of the primary motor cortex contains giant (70-100 µm) pyramidal neurons which are the Betz cells. These neurons send long axons to the contralateral motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. These axons form a part of the corticospinal tract. The Betz cells account for only a small

movements. This anterior representation area has been suggested to be important in executing movements involving complex sensoriomotor interactions. It is possible that area 4a in humans corresponds to some parts of the caudal premotor cortex as described in the monkey cortex. In 2009, it was reported, that there are two evolutionary distinct regions, an older one on the outer surface, and a new one found in the cleft. The older one connects to the spinal motorneurons through interneurons in the spinal cord. The newer one, found only in monkeys and apes, connects directly to the spinal motorneurons. The direct connections

addition, motor functions have been described for: Just underneath the cerebral cortex are interconnected subcortical masses of grey matter called basal ganglia (or nuclei). The basal ganglia receive input from the substantia nigra of the midbrain and motor areas of the cerebral cortex, and send signals back to both of these locations. They are involved in motor control. They are found lateral to the thalamus. The main components of the basal ganglia are the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, the nucleus accumbens, and the subthalamic nucleus. The putamen and globus pallidus are also collectively known

Nuclear power in the United States Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 99 commercial reactors with a net capacity of 100,350 megawatts (MW), 65 pressurized water reactors and 34 boiling water reactors. In 2016 they produced a total of 805.3 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 19.7% of the nation's total electric energy generation. In 2016, nuclear energy comprised nearly 60 percent of U.S. emission-free generation. , there are two new reactors under construction with a gross electrical capacity of 2,500 MW, while 34 reactors have been permanently shut down. The United States is the world's largest

Those that were completed after Three Mile island experienced a much longer time lag from construction permit to starting of operations. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission itself described its regulatory oversight of the long-delayed Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant as ""a paradigm of fragmented and uncoordinated government decision making,"" and ""a system strangling itself and the economy in red tape."" The number of operating power reactors in the US peaked at 112 in 1991, far fewer than the 177 that received construction permits. By 1998 the number of working reactors declined to 104, where it remains as of 2013. The loss of

seeking similar support. Some non-nuclear power generating companies have filed unfair competition lawsuits against these subsidies, and have raised the issue with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Nuclear power in the United States Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 99 commercial reactors with a net capacity of 100,350 megawatts (MW), 65 pressurized water reactors and 34 boiling water reactors. In 2016 they produced a total of 805.3 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 19.7% of the nation's total electric energy generation. In 2016, nuclear energy comprised nearly 60 percent of U.S. emission-free generation. , there are two

producer of commercial nuclear power, and in 2013 generated 33% of the world's nuclear electricity. As of October 2014, the NRC has granted license renewals providing a 20-year extension to a total of 74 reactors. In early 2014, the NRC prepared to receive the first applications of license renewal beyond 60 years of reactor life, as early as 2017, a process which by law requires public involvement. Licenses for 22 reactors are due to expire before the end of the next decade if no renewals are granted. The Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station was the most recent nuclear power plant

to be decommissioned, on October 24, 2016. Another five aging reactors were permanently closed in 2013 and 2014 before their licenses expired because of high maintenance and repair costs at a time when natural gas prices have fallen: San Onofre 2 and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, Vermont Yankee in Vermont, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin, and New York State is seeking to close Indian Point in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City. Most reactors began construction by 1974; following the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and changing economics, many planned projects were canceled. More than

electrical generation from the eight fewer reactors since 1991 has been offset by power uprates of generating capacity at existing reactors. Despite the problems following Three Mile Island, output of nuclear-generated electricity in the US grew steadily, more than tripling over the next three decades: from 255 billion kilowatt-hours in 1979 (the year of the Three Mile Island accident), to 806 billion kilowatt-hours in 2007. Part of the increase was due to the greater number of operating reactors, which increased by 51%: from 69 reactors in 1979, to 104 in 2007. Another cause was a large increase in the capacity

were planning to construct a factory in Newport News, Virginia to build nuclear reactors. As of March 2009, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission had received applications for permission to construct 26 new nuclear power reactors with applications for another 7 expected. Six of these reactors have been ordered. However, not all the proposed new capacity will necessarily be built, with some applications being made to keep future options open and reserving places in a queue for government incentives available for up to the first three plants based on each innovative reactor design. In August 2011, the TVA board of directors

"Wind power in Washington (state)"
capacity in MW for Washington since 1999. Wind power in Washington (state) At the end of 2015, the installed capacity for wind power in Washington was 3,075 megawatts (MW) with wind power accounting for 7,100 GWh, or 7.1% of the electricity generated in the state during 2016. The state ranks among the top ten in terms of cumulative wind capacity. Initiative 937 requires electric utilities with 25,000 or more customers to have 15 percent of their power supply generated from new renewable resources – excluding existing hydropower – by 2020. Washington has sales tax exemptions for wind energy. Washington provides

number of power plants was at 100 with 4 under construction. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has announced it will launch a comprehensive safety review of the 104 nuclear power reactors across the United States, at the request of President Obama. A total of 45 groups and individuals had formally asked the NRC to suspend all licensing and other activities at 21 proposed nuclear reactor projects in 15 states until the NRC had completed a thorough post-Fukushima reactor crisis examination. The petitioners also asked the NRC to supplement its own investigation by establishing an

Wind power in Washington (state) At the end of 2015, the installed capacity for wind power in Washington was 3,075 megawatts (MW) with wind power accounting for 7,100 GWh, or 7.1% of the electricity generated in the state during 2016. The state ranks among the top ten in terms of cumulative wind capacity. Initiative 937 requires electric utilities with 25,000 or more customers to have 15 percent of their power supply generated from new renewable resources – excluding existing hydropower – by 2020. Washington has sales tax exemptions for wind energy. Washington provides utility grants, loans and rebates for wind

before obtaining a pistol from a private seller. The police authority will check the applicant's criminal history and for disqualifying factors such as whether the person has been ordered to undergo involuntary mental health treatment or is subject to a restraining order for domestic violence. As of December 18, 2012, no purchase permit is required for purchases from a Class 1 FFL Dealer. Purchases from a private party will require a purchase permit that can be acquired at any police or sheriff's office statewide. A License to Purchase a Pistol is valid for 30 days from a private party. The

"Drunk driving in the United States"
Drunk driving in the United States Drunk driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle with the operator's ability to do so impaired as a result of alcohol consumption, or with a blood alcohol level in excess of the legal limit. For drivers 21 years or older, driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or higher is illegal. For drivers under 21 years old, the legal limit is lower, with state limits ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Lower BAC limits apply when operating boats, airplanes, or commercial vehicles. Among other names, the criminal offense of drunk driving

"Drug policy of Michigan"
as it is under federal law and is categorized as a Schedule I controlled substance. In Michigan, there are various ways in which alcohol use is restricted. Minors are prohibited from purchasing, consuming and possessing alcohol; a person is considered a minor if they are under 21, and can be prosecuted committing any of these crimes. First time minor offenders will receive under $100 in fines. They may also be subject to abuse treatment, rehab, community service, and/or periodic screenings. One must be at least 18 years old in order to sell or serve alcohol. The Michigan Liquor Control Code

a private seller, but first must obtain a purchasing permit which is good for 30 days. At the age of 18 or up, it is legal to buy a pistol with a purchase license from a private seller, at the age of 21, it is legal to buy a firearm from a Federally licensed (FFL) dealer. No purchase license is required to purchase a long gun (a firearm that is more than 26 inches long) in Michigan. According to state law, a long gun may be purchased by anyone aged 18 or over who is not subject to restrictions based

"Alcohol laws of Indiana"
place in trade shows and similar back door events. The sales limit is two cases per person, or 576 ounces. In Indiana, alcohol may be sold only to those 21 years of age or older during the hours 7 a.m. to 3 a.m. Establishments that sell beverages by the ""drink"" must have food service for 25 persons at a minimum (hot soups, hot sandwiches, coffee, milk, and soft drinks) available at all times. It is unlawful for establishments to provide discounts on alcohol to certain customers or at certain times of day (""e.g."", during ""happy hour"") that are not available

"Alcohol laws of Wisconsin"
allow the sale of beer and wine in restaurants and businesses. State law requires that bars be closed between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday through Friday and between 2:30 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Exceptions are made on New Year's Eve, when no closing is required, and for changes in Daylight Saving Time. State law does not permit municipalities to further restrict when bars must be closed. Municipalities may elect, however, to prohibit the issuance of liquor licenses, making the municipality effectively dry. The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age

purchasing or acquiring a pistol (https://www.michigan.gov/documents/msp/ri-060_523727_7.pdf). Pawn shops, second hand dealers, and junk shops are not allowed to accept a pistol in Pawn, and must be FFL dealers to buy & sell. Michigan's concealed carry law is ""shall issue,"" meaning that anyone 21 or older may obtain a license to carry a concealed pistol, so long as the person is not prohibited from owning a firearm, has not been found guilty of any felonies or certain misdemeanors within a time period of either 3 or 8 years dependent upon the charge, and has completed state-approved firearms training. Concealed Pistol License

requirements for obtaining a Concealed Pistol License in the State of Michigan 1. Be at least 21 years of age 2. Be a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted into the United States 3. Be a resident of the State of Michigan for at least 6 months prior to application. An applicant is a state resident if one of the following applies. The applicant possesses a valid, lawfully obtained Michigan driver's license or state identification card. The applicant is lawfully registered to vote in Michigan. The applicant is on active duty status with the United States

"Alcohol laws of Kentucky"
to work there. By contrast, grocery stores can sell beer in the main shopping area. Another inconsistency involves the difference between legal ages for buying and selling alcoholic beverages. The legal age for ""purchase"" is 21, as in all U.S. states. However, the legal age for ""selling"" or ""serving"" alcoholic beverages in a licensed establishment is 20. The ABC uses very specific terminology to classify the state's 120 counties as ""wet"", ""dry"", ""moist"", or dry with special provisions. In popular usage, ""moist"" has a much broader meaning than the ABC's specific usage. In addition to the ABC definition, ""moist"" can

"Alcohol laws of Maryland"
to be employed to serve alcoholic beverages or sell alcoholic beverages, although some counties have different laws. A person must be at least 18 years old to work in another capacity at an establishment that serves alcohol. State law prohibits open containers with any amount of alcohol within the passenger area of a motor vehicle. Passengers of a vehicle are similarly prohibited from consuming alcohol in the passenger area, but the law provides exceptions for non-drivers in the back of hired vehicles such as taxis, limousines, and buses, as well as in the living areas of motor homes. The driver

"Polycarp's letter to the Philippians"
Polycarp's letter to the Philippians The Letter to the Philippians (often simply called Philippians) is an epistle composed around AD 110 to 140 by Polycarp of Smyrna, one of the Apostolic Fathers, from Antioch to the early Christian church in Philippi. The letter is described by Irenaeus as follows: The letter is one of a number believed to have been written by Polycarp, but is the only extant document. The letter was composed in Greek, but the Greek text has not been preserved in its entirety; there is also a Latin translation of the letter. Moreover, a few quotations of

"Epistle to the Philippians"
Epistle to the Philippians The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, often referred to simply as Philippians, is the eleventh book in the New Testament. Paul and Silas first visited Philippi in Greece during Paul's second missionary journey, which occurred between approximately 49 and 51 AD. Philippi was the location of the first Christian community established in Europe. Biblical scholars are in general agreement that the letter was indeed written by Paul of Tarsus. Although some consider that the letter was written from Ephesus in 52–55 AD or Caesarea Maritima in 57–59, the most likely city of provenance was Rome,

developed in the Epistle. Online translations of the Epistle to the Philippians: Online Study of Philippians: Related articles: Epistle to the Philippians The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, often referred to simply as Philippians, is the eleventh book in the New Testament. Paul and Silas first visited Philippi in Greece during Paul's second missionary journey, which occurred between approximately 49 and 51 AD. Philippi was the location of the first Christian community established in Europe. Biblical scholars are in general agreement that the letter was indeed written by Paul of Tarsus. Although some consider that the letter was written

even death on a cross. For this reason also, God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. The letter was written to the church at Philippi, one of the earliest churches to be founded in Europe. They were very attached to Paul, just as he was very fond of them. Of

document itself, the Philippians had sent Epaphroditus, their envoy (""messenger [""apostolon""] and minister [""leitourgon""]"" Phil 2:25), with contributions as an expression of their ""partnership"" and ""concern"" to meet the needs of Paul (, , and ). During the execution of his responsibilities of travel to deliver their ""gift"" (), Epaphroditus contracted some life-threatening debilitating illness (""esthenese"", cf. ). At some point he recovers. It is at this time, whether premeditated or due to an extended stay with the apostle, various internal matters are revealed to Paul on the part of Epaphroditus (, , , , , and ). Upon Epaphroditus'

which would make the date of the letter around 62 AD, about 10 years after Paul's first visit to Philippi. The historical background of Philippians is traditionally gathered from two main primary New Testament sources: informative internal data from the letter itself, and related information garnered from the rest of the New Testament Canon, especially from the Acts of the Apostles and the other Pauline Epistles. Other primary information is also derived from external historical sources related to the chronological connections between Paul's association with Philippi, its political and economic setting, and its social and religio-philosophical context. According to the

letter begins in standard form for an ancient Hellenistic letter structure, with author – or senders – first, then recipients with a greeting (Phil. 1.1–2). The address and the greeting is clear: Philippians 2:5–11: Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus, who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death,

"Epistle to the Ephesians"
Epistle to the Ephesians The Epistle to the Ephesians, also called the Letter to the Ephesians and often shortened to Ephesians, is the tenth book of the New Testament. Its authorship has traditionally been attributed to Paul the Apostle but, starting in 1792, this has been challenged as Deutero-Pauline, that is, written in Paul's name by a later author strongly influenced by Paul's thought, probably ""by a loyal disciple to sum up Paul’s teaching and to apply it to a new situation fifteen to twenty-five years after the Apostle’s death. The main theme of Ephesians is ""the Church, which is

"Epistle to the Laodiceans"
Epistle to the Laodiceans The Epistle to the Laodiceans is a lost letter of Paul the Apostle, the original existence of which is inferred from an instruction to the church in Colossae to send their letter to the church in Laodicea, and likewise obtain a copy of the letter ""from Laodicea"" (, ""ek laodikeas""). Several ancient texts purporting to be the missing ""Epistle to the Laodiceans"" have been known to have existed, most of which are now lost. These were generally considered, both at the time and by modern scholarship, to be attempts to supply a forged copy of a

"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)"
who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second

Grey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second season, following her departure at the

"The Great Outdoors (film)"
stay with them until they can get back on their feet. Cammie and Buck make up and end their summer romance, as Buck and his family head back to Chicago. The film was shot on location in Bass Lake, California, a small resort town near Yosemite National Park over three weeks in October 1987. Ducey's Bass Lake Lodge, a rustic 1940s resort in Bass Lake, was featured as Wally and Juanita’s Perk’s Pine Lodge. The Loon’s Nest vacation cabin, built as a set, was designed to match the style of Ducey’s existing cabins. ""The Great Outdoors"" earned a mixed response

has Kevin Hart starring in a reboot of the film with Michael De Luca producing. The Great Outdoors (film) The Great Outdoors is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Howard Deutch, and written and produced by John Hughes. It stars Dan Aykroyd, John Candy, Stephanie Faracy and Annette Bening in her film debut. The film follows two families spending time on vacation in Wisconsin. Chicagoan Chester ""Chet"" Ripley, his wife, Connie, and their two sons, Buckley ""Buck"" and Ben, are on vacation at a lake resort in Pechoggin, Wisconsin during the summer. All is going as planned until Connie's

The Great Outdoors (film) The Great Outdoors is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Howard Deutch, and written and produced by John Hughes. It stars Dan Aykroyd, John Candy, Stephanie Faracy and Annette Bening in her film debut. The film follows two families spending time on vacation in Wisconsin. Chicagoan Chester ""Chet"" Ripley, his wife, Connie, and their two sons, Buckley ""Buck"" and Ben, are on vacation at a lake resort in Pechoggin, Wisconsin during the summer. All is going as planned until Connie's sister, Kate, Kate's investment broker husband, Roman Craig, and their twin daughters, Mara and Cara,

that it's raining cats and dogs and you're locked in a north woods cabin for weeks with the people you like least, and you'll pretty much have a feel for what it's like to sit through this movie,"" said Hal Hinson of ""The Washington Post"". The film grossed $6,121,115 in its opening weekend and ended up with a North American domestic box office gross of $41,455,230, and a worldwide gross of $43,455,230. A soundtrack for the film was released by Atlantic Records in 1988 and featured many of the songs used in the film. On April 27, 2017, Universal Pictures

crash the vacation. Ghost stories at the family BBQ include one of a man-eating grizzly bear that Chet met face-to-face when he was younger. Chet says that while he and Connie were honeymooning at the same lake, he was attacked by a giant grizzly bear. When he fired at it with a shotgun, the buckshot shaved the hair off the top of the bear's head and from that day on, it was known as the ""Bald-Headed Bear"" of Claire County. After Roman pulls Chet around the lake on an impromptu water ski ride with his rented speedboat, tensions between the

made a bad investment and is broke. He has not told Kate and was planning to hit up Chet for the cash. Later, during a thunderstorm, the twins wander off and fall into a mine shaft. Chet and Roman find them, but the claustrophobic Roman is reluctant to descend into the tiny mine shaft. After some encouragement from Chet, Roman summons up all his courage, while Chet goes in search of a rope to pull them out. Upon realizing that the mine is stocked with old dynamite, Roman takes his daughters and climbs out of the shaft on his own.

When Chet returns with the rope, he is horrified to discover the ""Bald-Headed Bear"" lurking in the mine. It chases him back to his house, smashes through the door, and rampages through the house. Wally, the cabin owner, bursts in with a loaded shotgun while Roman tries to hold off the animal with a fire poker and an oar. Chet takes the gun and shoots the bear, blowing the fur off its backside. Roaring, the bear runs out of the house. The next morning, the two families part on good terms. Unbeknownst to Chet, Connie has invited Roman's family to

families erupt. Chet is ready to pack up and go home, even as his teenage son Buck tries to romance a local girl, Cammie. The budding romance goes well until Chet is challenged to eat the Old 96'er (a 96-ounce steak) at a family dinner which causes Buck to break their date. Buck tries to apologize to Cammie for being late, but Cammie refuses to speak to him. Connie and Kate bond at a local bar when the conversation drifts to Kate's challenges of being wealthy. Later, just at the peak of tension between families, it emerges that Roman has

from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 40% based on 15 reviews. Janet Maslin of ""The New York Times"" reported that the film did not have enough collective energy to light a campfire in her review. Kevin Thomas of ""The Los Angeles Times"" called the film as ""a crass, blah comedy about summer vacation perils"" and said he was surprised the film got made at all. He described the end credits sequence where Aykroyd and Candy dance to Wilson Pickett's ""Land of a 1,000 Dances"" as the only genuine fun and energy in the entire film. ""Imagine

"The Great Indoors (TV series)"
The Great Indoors (TV series) The Great Indoors is an American sitcom television series starring Joel McHale that aired on CBS from October 27, 2016 to May 8, 2017. The series is produced by Gibbons Bros., Shiny Brass Lamp Productions in association with CBS Television Studios, with Gibbons serving as showrunner. The series was aired on October 27, 2016 to May 8, 2017. Jack Gordon has made a name for himself as an adventure reporter for the magazine ""Outdoor Limits"". His days of exploring the world end when the magazine's founder, Roland, announces its move to web-only publishing and assigns

"The Shannara Chronicles"
Network). The second season premiered on October 11, 2017, and concluded November 22, 2017. On January 16, 2018, it was announced that the series had been cancelled after two seasons and that the producers are shopping the series to other networks. Season one of ""The Shannara Chronicles"" roughly follows the storylines set out in ""The Elfstones of Shannara"", set in the fictional Four Lands. As the series opens, demons start to return after being banished from this world to a place known as the Forbidding—locked by an ancient tree called the Ellcrys. The series chronicles the journey of Wil, Amberle

Shannara
Shannara Shannara is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with ""The Sword of Shannara"" in 1977 and continuing through ""The Skaar Invasion"" which was released in June 2018; there is also a prequel, ""First King of Shannara"". The series blends magic and primitive technology and is set in the Four Lands, which are identified as Earth long after civilization was destroyed in a chemical and nuclear holocaust called the Great Wars. By the time of the prequel ""First King of Shannara"", the world had reverted to a pre-industrial state and magic had re-emerged to supplement

Shannara
the trailer was shown during the 2015 MTV Music Awards. The series premiered January 5, 2016. Season 2 began airing on Spike in October 2017. On January 16, 2018, it was announced that the series had been cancelled after two seasons. Producers later announced that the series is being shopped to other networks. Shannara Shannara is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with ""The Sword of Shannara"" in 1977 and continuing through ""The Skaar Invasion"" which was released in June 2018; there is also a prequel, ""First King of Shannara"". The series blends magic and

"Heritage of Shannara"
Heritage of Shannara The Heritage of Shannara is a series of four fantasy novels by Terry Brooks, set hundreds of years after the original ""Shannara"" trilogy. Unlike the original trilogy, however, this series is all one, cohesive story, in contrast to the three isolated stories of the originals. It is set in a future Four Lands in which the Federation of the Southland has driven off the Elves, enslaved the Dwarves, and outlawed magic. Only the rebel Free-born, led by Padishar Creel, dare to resist. The series begins with ""The Scions of Shannara"", when the Ohmsford descendants are summoned by

Manu Bennett would star as Allanon and in January 2015 Ivana Baquero, Austin Butler, Poppy Drayton, Emelia Burns and John Rhys-Davies joined the show. Malese Jow, Vanessa Morgan, Gentry White, Desmond Chiam and Caroline Chikezie joined the cast as series regulars in season two. Filming for the 10-episode first season wrapped in New Zealand at Auckland Film Studios in June 2015, and the first trailer debuted on July 10, 2015. Filming for the second season, which also consists of 10 episodes, began January 31, 2017, in New Zealand. The opening theme song, ""Until We Go Down"", from the EP ""Up

"The Sword of Shannara"
genre. The novel interweaves two major plots into a fictional world called the Four Lands. One follows the protagonist Shea Ohmsford on his quest to obtain the Sword of Shannara and use it to confront the Warlock Lord (the antagonist). The other plot shadows Prince Balinor Buckhannah's attempt to oust his insane brother Palance from the throne of Callahorn while the country and its capital (Tyrsis) come under attack from overwhelming armies of the Warlock Lord. Throughout the novel, underlying themes appear of mundane heroism and nuclear holocaust. Critics have derided the novel for being derivative of J.R.R. Tolkien's ""The

"The Scions of Shannara"
The Scions of Shannara The Scions of Shannara is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks. It is the first book in the ""Heritage of Shannara"" series, which takes place three hundred years after the end of the previous ""Shannara"" trilogy. The first version was published in 1990. The book follows the lives of the ""Scions of Shannara"", Par Ohmsford, Walker Boh, and Wren (Ohmsford). The Scions of Shannara is set in a land ruled by the cruel military order called the Federation. The Elves have vanished, while the dwarves are imprisoned for having fought the Federation in the

"High Druid of Shannara"
High Druid of Shannara High Druid of Shannara is a trilogy of fantasy novels in the ""Shannara"" series by Terry Brooks. Set 20 years after the events of ""The Voyage of the Jerle Shannara"", the series chronicles the adventures of Pen Ohmsford as he seeks to rescue his aunt, the High Druid Grianne Ohmsford. The first novel in the ""High Druid"" trilogy chronicles the banishment of Grianne Ohmsford, the High Druid, to the dark world of the Forbidding by Shadea a'Ru through the employment of a magic known as ""liquid night"". Grianne's nephew, Penderrin ""Pen"" Ohmsford mounts a rescue mission

"The Elf Queen of Shannara"
Stresa, and Faun remain when the volcano on the island of Morrowindl erupts, destroying the island. Tiger Ty gathers the small company and flees Morrowindl, where Wren restores Arborlon to its original location in the Westland. The characters are: The Elf Queen of Shannara The Elf Queen of Shannara is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, the third book of the tetralogy The ""Heritage of Shannara"". It was first published in 1992. Wren Ohmsford, a descendant of the legendary Jerle Shannara, was charged by the shade of the Druid Allanon to travel to the distant island of Morrowindl

Hops
As a result, in 1603, King James I approved an Act of Parliament banning the practice by which ""the Subjects of this Realm have been of late years abused &c. to the Value of £20,000 yearly, besides the Danger of their Healths"". Hop cultivation was begun in the present-day United States in 1629 by English and Dutch farmers. Before prohibition, cultivation was mainly centred around New York, California, Oregon, and Washington state. Problems with powdery mildew and downy mildew devastated New York's production by the 1920s, and California only produces hops on a small scale. Hop bars were used before

Hops
modern machinery was invented to make the holes for the hop poles. Hops production is concentrated in moist temperate climates, with much of the world's production occurring near the 48th parallel north. Hop plants prefer the same soils as potatoes and the leading potato-growing states in the United States are also major hops-producing areas; however, not all potato-growing areas can produce good hops naturally: soils in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, for example, lack the boron that hops prefer. Historically, hops were not grown in Ireland, but were imported from England. In 1752 more than 500 tons of English hops

Hops
were imported through Dublin alone. Important production centres today are the Hallertau in Germany, the Žatec (Saaz) in the Czech Republic, the Yakima (Washington) and Willamette (Oregon) valleys, and western Canyon County, Idaho (including the communities of Parma, Wilder, Greenleaf, and Notus). The principal production centres in the UK are in Kent (which produces Kent Goldings hops), Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. Essentially all of the harvested hops are used in beer making. Although hops are grown in most of the continental United States and Canada, cultivation of hops for commercial production requires a particular environment. As hops are a climbing plant,

"Humulus japonicus"
""Humulus japonicus"" has a lateral range from North Dakota all the way to Maine and a vertical range from Minnesota to Georgia. Japanese hops grow well given plentiful sunlight and moisture, nutrient rich soil, and are most commonly found along stream banks and floodplains. Japanese hops do not grow as well in shaded areas and drier soils. In milder climates, it can survive the winter. The Japanese hop can adapt well to new environments. Its range and distribution in North America prove that it can thrive in a wide range of environments, from the southern regions of the U.S. to

Hops
as Hallertau, Spalt, and Tettnang from Germany), by the farmer who is recognized as first cultivating them (such as Goldings or Fuggles from England), or by their growing habit (e. g., Oregon Cluster). Around 1900, a number of institutions began to experiment with breeding specific hop varieties. The breeding program at Wye College in Wye, Kent was started in 1904 and rose to prominence through the work of Prof. E. S. Salmon. Salmon released Brewer's Gold and Brewer's Favorite for commercial cultivation in 1934, and went on to release more than two dozen new cultivars before his death in 1959.

Hops
male plants are culled if plants are grown from seeds. Hop plants are planted in rows about apart. Each spring, the roots send forth new bines that are started up strings from the ground to an overhead trellis. The cones grow high on the bine, and in the past, these cones were picked by hand. Harvesting of hops became much more efficient with the invention of the mechanical hops separator, patented by Emil Clemens Horst in 1909. Harvest comes near the end of summer when the bines are pulled down and the flowers are taken to a hop house or

"Cascade hop"
as other more minor differences. A variety of Cascade is also bred in New Zealand. Similarities exist between the US and New Zealand varieties with the NZ version described as citrus moving more toward grapefruit characteristics. Agronomic and terroir impact has been described as positive for the New Zealand type Cascade hop Cascade is one of the many varieties of hops. Cascade hops are the most widely used hops by craft breweries in the United States. Cascade is a variety of hop developed in the USDA breeding program at Oregon State University by Dr. Stanley Nelson Brooks and Jack Horner.

Hops
Hops Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant ""Humulus lupulus."" They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring and stability agent in beer, to which they, beyond bitterness, impart floral, fruity, or citric flavours and aromas; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and U.S.) when grown commercially. Many different

"Brussels sprout"
cabbage's purple colors and greater sweetness. In Continental Europe, the largest producers are the Netherlands, at 82,000 metric tons, and Germany, at 10,000 tons. The United Kingdom has production comparable to that of the Netherlands, but its crop is generally not exported. Production of Brussels sprouts in the United States began in the 18th century, when French settlers brought them to Louisiana. The first plantings in California's Central Coast began in the 1920s, with significant production beginning in the 1940s. Currently, several thousand acres are planted in coastal areas of San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey counties of California, which

Humulus japonicus Humulus japonicus, known as wild hop or Japanese hop, synonym ""H. scandens"", is an ornamental plant in the Cannabaceae family. Originally found in temperate parts of Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Russia) and the tropical environment of Vietnam, it was imported to North America in the 1800s for use in an Asian tonic and as an ornamental plant. Since its arrival in North America, it has spread widely. It can be found throughout the Northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada. It is considered an invasive species in North America. The composition and chemistry of its oils differ from

Election Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per ""Article 324"", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an

"Federal Election Commission"
a six-year term, and two seats are subject to appointment every two years. By law, no more than three Commissioners can be members of the same political party, and at least four votes are required for any official Commission action. The chairmanship of the Commission rotates among the members each year, with no member serving as chairman more than once during a six-year term. However, a member may serve as chairman more than once by serving beyond the six-year mark if no successor is appointed; for example, Ellen Weintraub was chairman in both 2003 and 2013. The Commission's role is

"Election commission"
Commission is responsible. In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Canada, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa. In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the

"Election Commission of Pakistan"
has been restructured and reformed in various occasions of history of the country. Under the Article 213 & 216, the Chief Election Commissioner and four retired judges of the High Courts from respective four province of the country, who are appointed by the President in the manner provided in the clauses (2A) and (2B) of Article 213 of constitution. As of present, Justice (R) Sardar Muhammad Raza is the current Chief Election Commissioner. Election Commission of Pakistan has a 5-member panel, out of which 4 members are from each of the four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) headed

Representatives moved early into their House wing in 1807. Though the Senate wing building was incomplete, the Capitol held its first session of the United States Congress with both chambers in session on November 17, 1800. The National Legislature was moved to Washington prematurely, at the urging of President John Adams, in hopes of securing enough Southern votes in the Electoral College to be re-elected for a second term as President. For several decades, beginning when the federal government moved to Washington in the fall of 1800, the Capitol building was used for Sunday religious services as well as for

"Old Supreme Court Chamber"
the chamber, including an upper level public gallery, was finally completed early in 1805, just in time for the start of the Samuel Chase impeachment trial. Its completion allowed the Federal government to move to Washington, D.C.. The North Wing, as the only completed section of the Capitol, originally hosted both houses of the United States Congress, the Library of Congress, and the Supreme Court. In addition to the Chase trial, the chamber was the location of President Thomas Jefferson's inauguration in 1801. However, by 1806, the North Wing was already deteriorating from heavy use and required repairs. The Architect

a new chamber for the Senate on the north. When the Capitol was expanded in the 1850s, some of the construction labor was carried out by slaves ""who cut the logs, laid the stones and baked the bricks"". The original plan was to use workers brought in from Europe; however, there was a poor response to recruitment efforts, and African Americans, some free and some enslaved, composed the majority of the work force. The 1850 expansion more than doubled the length of the Capitol, and dwarfed the original, timber-framed, copper-sheeted, low dome of 1818, designed by Charles Bulfinch which was

Bentley. Construction proceeded with Hallet working under supervision of James Hoban, who was also busy working on construction of the ""President's House"" (also later known as the ""Executive Mansion""). Despite the wishes of Jefferson and the President, Hallet went ahead anyway and modified Thornton's design for the East Front and created a square central court that projected from the center, with flanking wings which would house the legislative bodies. Hallet was dismissed by Secretary Jefferson on November 15, 1794. George Hadfield was hired on October 15, 1795, as Superintendent of Construction, but resigned three years later in May 1798, because

governmental functions. The first services were conducted in the ""hall"" of the House in the north wing of the building. In 1801 the House moved to temporary quarters in the south wing, called the ""Oven"", which it vacated in 1804, returning to the north wing for three years. Then, from 1807 to 1857, they were held in the then-House Chamber (now called Statuary Hall). When held in the House chamber, the Speaker's podium was used as the preacher's pulpit. According to the U.S. Library of Congress exhibit ""Religion and the Founding of the American Republic"": Not long after the completion

southern extension and Senate new northern wing were designed by Thomas U. Walter and August Schoenborn, a German immigrant, in the 1850s, and were completed under the supervision of Edward Clark. L'Enfant secured the lease of quarries at Wigginton Island and along Aquia Creek in Virginia for use in the foundations and outer walls of the Capitol in November 1791. Surveying was under way soon after the Jefferson conference plan for the Capitol was accepted. On September 18, 1793, President George Washington, along with eight other Freemasons dressed in masonic regalia, laid the cornerstone, which was made by silversmith Caleb

whether we also, in our day and generation, may not perform something worthy to be remembered."" From 1800 to 1806, this room served as the Senate Chamber and from 1806 until 1860, the room was used as the Supreme Court Chamber. In 1860, the Supreme Court began using the newly vacated Old Senate Chamber. Since 1935, the Supreme Court has met in the United States Supreme Court Building. The current Senate Chamber opened in 1859 and is adorned with white marble busts of the former Presidents of the Senate (Vice Presidents). The Capitol Grounds cover approximately 274 acres (1.11 km²),

"Congress Hall"
Congress Hall Congress Hall, located in Philadelphia at the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets, served as the seat of the United States Congress from December 6, 1790 to May 14, 1800. During Congress Hall's duration as the capitol of the United States, the country admitted three new states, Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee; ratified the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution; and oversaw the Presidential inaugurations of both George Washington (his second) and John Adams. Congress Hall was restored in the 20th century to its original appearance in 1796. The building is now managed by the National Park

of his dissatisfaction with Thornton's plan and quality of work done thus far. The Senate (north) wing was completed in 1800. The Senate and House shared quarters in the north wing until a temporary wooden pavilion was erected on the future site of the House wing which served for a few years for the Representatives to meet in, until the House of Representatives (south) wing was finally completed in 1811, with a covered wooden temporary walkway connecting the two wings with the Congressional chambers where the future center section with rotunda and dome would eventually be. However, the House of

the Russell Senate and Cannon House office buildings. The next major expansion to the Capitol started in 1958, with a extension of the East Portico. During this project, in 1960 the dome underwent a restoration. A marble duplicate of the sandstone East Front was built from the old Front. (In 1962, a connecting extension incorporated what had been an outside wall as an inside wall.) In the process, the Corinthian columns were removed. It was not until 1984 that landscape designer Russell Page created a suitable setting for them in a large meadow at the U.S. National Arboretum in northeast

Patience
Patience Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances such as perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding in annoyance/anger; or forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties. Patience is the level of endurance one can have before negativity. It is also used to refer to the character trait of being steadfast. Antonyms include and impetuousness. In psychology and in cognitive neuroscience, patience is studied as a decision-making problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, versus a more valuable reward in the long-term. When given a

Patience
""perfections"" (""paramitas"") that a bodhisattva trains in and practices to realize perfect enlightenment (""bodhi""). The Buddhist concept of patience is distinct from the English definition of the word. In Buddhism, patience refers to not returning harm, rather than merely enduring a difficult situation. It is the ability to control one's emotions even when being criticized or attacked. In verse 184 of the Dhammapada it is said that 'enduring patience is the highest austerity'. Patience and forbearance is considered an essential virtue in Hinduism. In ancient literature of Hinduism, the concept of patience is referred to with the word ""pariksaha"" (patience

Patience
everyone, including oneself, will be stronger if these forbearances are one's guide. Each source of those ten pariksaha (patience and forbearances) are: The classical literature of Hinduism exists in many Indian languages. For example, ""Tirukkuṛaḷ"" written between 200 BC and 400 AD, and sometimes called the Tamil Veda, is one of the most cherished classics on Hinduism written in a South Indian language. It too discusses patience and forbearance, dedicating Chapter 16 of Book 1 to it. ""Tirukkuṛaḷ"" suggests ""patience"" is necessary for an ethical life and one's long term happiness, even if patience is sometimes difficult in the short

Patience
it without feeling enmity, anger, resentment or anxiety. The concept of patience is explained as being more than trust, and as a value that reflects the state of one's body and mind. The term ""pariksaha"" is sometimes also translated as test or exam, in other contexts. Some of these concepts have been carried into the spiritual understanding of yoga. Sandilya Upanishad of Hinduism identifies ten sources of patience and forbearances: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Daya, Arjava, Kshama, Dhriti, Mitahara and Saucha. In each of these ten forbearances, the virtuous implicit belief is that our current spirit and the future for

Patience
Spirit, according to the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians. In the Christian Bible, patience is referred to in several sections. The Book of Proverbs notes that ""through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone"" (Proverbs 25:14-16, NIV); Ecclesiastes points out that the ""end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride"" (Ecclesiastes 7:7-9, NIV); and 1 Thessalonians states that we should ""be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for

Patience
and forbearance, Sanskrit: परिषहा), and several other words such as sahiṣṇutā (patient toleration, Sanskrit: सहिष्णुता), ""titiksha"" (forbearance, Sanskrit: तितिक्षा), ""sah"" or ""sahanshilata"" (suffer with patience, Sanskrit: सह, सहनशीलता) and several others. Patience, in Hindu philosophy, is the cheerful endurance of trying conditions and the consequence of one's action and deeds (karma). It is also the capacity to wait, endure opposites - such as pain and pleasure, cold and heat, sorrows and joys - calmly, without anxiety, and without a desire to seek revenge. In interpersonal relationships, virtuous ""titiksha"" means that if someone attacks or insults without cause, one must endure

Patience
is also discussed in other sections, such as Ecclesiastes: ""Better is the patient spirit than the lofty spirit. Do not in spirit become quickly discontented, for discontent lodges in the bosom of a fool."" (Ecclesiastes 7:8-9, NAB). In the Christian religion, patience is one of the most valuable virtues of life. Increasing patience is viewed as the work of the Holy Ghost in the Christian who has accepted the gift of salvation. While patience is not one of the traditional biblical three theological virtues nor one of the traditional cardinal virtues, it is part of the fruit of the Holy

Patience
life"".(1 Timothy 1:15-17, NIV). Patience with steadfast belief in Allah is called ""sabr"" (), one of the best virtues of life in Islam. Through sabr, a Muslim believes that an individual can grow closer to God and thus attain true peace. It is also stressed in Islam, that Allah is with those who are patient, more specifically during calamity and suffering. Several verses in Quran urge Muslims to seek Allah's help when faced with fear and loss, with patient prayers and perseverance for Allah. For example: Similarly, patience is mentioned in hadith Sahih Bukhari: In Islamic tradition,(""Ayyoob"") illustrates a story

Patience
all"" (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15, NAB). In the Epistle of James, the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and "" see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth...until it receives the early and the late rains."" (James 5:7-11, NAB). In Galatians, patience is listed as part of the ""fruit of the Spirit"": ""love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law"". (Galatians 5:21-23, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that ""Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal

Patience
saves me."" Patience in God, it is said, will aid believers in finding the strength to be delivered from the evils that are inherent in the physical life. In the Hebrew Torah, patience is referred to in several proverbs, such as ""The patient man shows much good sense, but the quick-tempered man displays folly at its height"" (Proverbs 14:29, NAB); ""An ill-tempered man stirs up strife, but a patient man allays discord."" (Proverbs 15:18, NAB); and ""A patient man is better than a warrior, and he who rules his temper, than he who takes a city."" (Proverbs 16:32). The emotion

"Thomas and the Magic Railroad"
Strasburg, Pennsylvania (United States), as well as in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and on the Isle of Man. Castletown railway station on the Isle of Man Railway formed part of Shining Time Station and the goods shed at Port St Mary railway station became Burnett Stone's workshop. Running shots of the ""Indian Valley"" train were filmed at the Strasburg Rail Road location. The large passenger station where Lily boards the train is the Harrisburg Transportation Center. Norfolk & Western 4-8-0 475 was repainted as the Indian Valley locomotive. Sodor was realised using models and chroma key. The models were animated using

company being in the middle of a corporate restructuring and sale. In the Summer of 1998, during Series 5 of ""Thomas""'s production, Allcroft saw an Isle of Man Film Commission advert. They were offering tax incentives to companies wanting to film on the Island. Allcroft visited and felt that the location was perfect. During that year, Barry London became Chairman of the newly founded Destination Films (owned by Sony Pictures). He renewed his interest in the project and Destination Films became the main financial backer and studio for the film. The movie was filmed at the Strasburg Rail Road in

write the script for the film with the working title ""Thomas and the Magic Railroad"". London's interest is thought to have stemmed from his 3-year-old daughter, who was enthralled by ""Thomas"". Filming, according to a press release, was to take place at Shepperton Studios, in the United Kingdom and the United States, with the theatrical release date set for 1997. However, Paramount shelved the plans for the film after London left the company later that year. This left Allcroft to seek other sources of funding. Discussions with PolyGram about the film were held, but not for long because of the

live action remote control, as on the television series. The model sequences were filmed in Toronto instead of Shepperton Studios, the ""home"" of the original TV show; however, several of the show's key staff were flown over to participate. The Magic Railway was created using models, CGI and water-coloured matte paintings. In a 2007 interview, director Britt Allcroft commented the finished film was drastically changed from what it was originally going to be the way she had written it, with the original antagonist P.T. Boomer, (played by Doug Lennox) being removed from the film because the character was considered too

in September 2009 this was revised to Spring 2011. As of January 2011, the release date had been pushed back further, to 2012. The initial draft of the script was written by Josh Klausner, who has also said that the film would be set around the times of World War II; Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi also helped write the script. On 8 June 2011, ""Deadline"" announced that ""9"" director Shane Acker would direct the live-action adaptation of ""Thomas the Tank Engine"", with Weta Digital designing the film's visual effects. As of March 2013 however, nothing new on the film

Thomas and the Magic Railroad Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a 2000 British-American children's fantasy adventure film written, produced and directed by Britt Allcroft. The film stars Peter Fonda, Mara Wilson, Alec Baldwin, Didi Conn, Russell Means, Cody McMains, Michael E. Rodgers, including the voices provided by Eddie Glen and Neil Crone with Kevin Frank. The film is based on the British children's book series ""The Railway Series"" by The Rev. W. Awdry, its televised adaptation ""Thomas & Friends"", and the American television series ""Shining Time Station"" by Britt Allcroft and Rick Siggelkow. It was co-produced by Gullane Pictures/The

2000 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and 26 July 2000 in the United States and Canada. The film was also released in Australia on 14 December 2000, and in New Zealand on 7 April 2001. The film premièred at the Odeon Leicester Square; for the purpose, a steam locomotive, no. 47298 painted to resemble Thomas, was brought to the cinema by low loader on 9 July 2000. National press coverage was low, as many journalists were concentrating on the launch of the ""Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire"" book, for which a special train called ""Hogwarts Express"" would

has been announced, meaning that the film was likely put on hold or cancelled due to the lack of interest. Thomas and the Magic Railroad Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a 2000 British-American children's fantasy adventure film written, produced and directed by Britt Allcroft. The film stars Peter Fonda, Mara Wilson, Alec Baldwin, Didi Conn, Russell Means, Cody McMains, Michael E. Rodgers, including the voices provided by Eddie Glen and Neil Crone with Kevin Frank. The film is based on the British children's book series ""The Railway Series"" by The Rev. W. Awdry, its televised adaptation ""Thomas & Friends"",

frightening for young children by test audiences. Lily Stone (played by Mara Wilson) was intended to be the narrator of the story. Before filming, Thomas's voice would be provided by John Bellis, a fireman and part-time taxi driver who worked on the film as the Isle of Man transportation co-ordinator and facilities manager. Bellis received the role when he happened to pick up Britt Allcroft and her crew from the airport. According to Allcroft, after hearing him speak for the first time, she told her colleagues, ""I have just heard the voice of Thomas. That man is exactly how Thomas

would sound!"" Bellis accepted the role. Test audiences in Los Angeles disliked Bellis's voice for Thomas, due to his Liverpudlian accent and saying that he made Thomas sound too old. Subsequently, Bellis was replaced by Edward Glen, who gave Thomas a more youthful-sounding voice. Bellis did receive a credit for his work on the Isle of Man, and his voice can still be heard extensively in one or two of the trailers. Bellis said he was ""gutted"", but wished the film-makers well. ""It was supposed to be my big break, but it hasn't put me off and I am hoping

how long did the menendez brothers get in prison for killing their parents

"Lyle and Erik Menendez"
witness, William Vicary, to edit his notes, but the district attorney's office decided that it would not conduct a criminal investigation. Both brothers filed motions for a mistrial, claiming that they suffered irreparable damage in the penalty phase as a result of suggestions of possible misconduct and ineffective representation by Abramson. On July 2, 1996, Judge Weisberg sentenced the two to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Judge Weisberg sentenced the brothers to consecutive sentences for the murders and the charges of conspiracy to commit murder. As had been done during their pretrial detention, the California Department of

"Murder of Kirsten Costas"
confession. Protti claimed to have found the kitchen knife by chance, and her elder sister, Virginia Varela, testified in court that she kept that knife in her car to cut vegetables. The Costases did not believe Protti's story – they asserted that nobody would use a butcher knife to slice tomatoes and that Protti, casually dressed on that evening, never intended to take Kirsten to a party but had planned to murder her. Protti was sentenced to a maximum of nine years, but was released seven years later on parole. The Costas family left Orinda and moved to Hawaii. Bernadette

"Nelson Serrano"
father is innocent, and he has set up a web site in defense of his father. Serrano is on death row at a male-only maximum security facility at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida. convicted of four counts of premeditated murder, awaiting four administrations of death by lethal injection. [excellent CBS news report: http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3256401n] Nelson Serrano Nelson Iván Serrano Sáenz (born September 15, 1938) is a former Ecuadorian businessman and a naturalized American citizen (since 1971) who was convicted of murdering Frank Dosso, Diane Patisso, George Patisso, and George Gonsalves in the town of Bartow, Polk County, Florida, on

"Juan Roberto Melendez-Colon"
confessed to the murder before he died. In light of the new evidence, Justice Barbara Fleischer determined that Melendez was entitled to a new trial. In turn, the state of Florida declined to prosecute a second time since the key witness at the original trial, David Falcon, was then dead and another witness for the prosecution had since recanted his testimony. Melendez spent a total of 17 years, eight months and one day of incarceration before being released from the Union Correctional Institution on January 3, 2002. Upon release he received $100 compensation from the state. He has not received

"Juan García Ábrego"
He was quickly extradited to the United States, where he stood trial eight months after his arrest. García Ábrego was convicted on 22 counts including money laundering, drug trafficking, intent to distribute and running an ongoing criminal enterprise. After a four-week trial, a jury needed only 12 hours to convict García Ábrego on all charges. He was sentenced by presiding judge Ewing Werlein, Jr., to 11 consecutive life terms, and is currently incarcerated at USP Hazelton in Preston County, West Virginia. In addition to the prison sentencing, García Ábrego was forced to turn over millions in illegal proceeds, the United

"Trial of Yolanda Saldívar"
motel staff at the Days Inn, Selena's former seventh grade teacher, and the lead murder investigator. The evidence used in the trial included the gun used to kill Selena, the outfit Saldívar wore the day she claimed she was sexually assaulted, and the recorded conversations between FBI negotiators Larry Young and Issac Valencia, and Saldívar. The jury convicted Saldívar of first-degree murder after a two-hour deliberation, and she was sentenced to a maximum of life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole until March 2025. Fans outside the courtroom cheered the verdict. Many were seen expressing their delight at the outcome

Nelson Serrano Nelson Iván Serrano Sáenz (born September 15, 1938) is a former Ecuadorian businessman and a naturalized American citizen (since 1971) who was convicted of murdering Frank Dosso, Diane Patisso, George Patisso, and George Gonsalves in the town of Bartow, Polk County, Florida, on December 3, 1997. The jury pronounced him guilty and recommended the death penalty for Serrano in October 2006 after he was convicted of the murders. On June 26, 2007, Judge Susan Roberts sentenced him to death by lethal injection for each of these crimes. On December 3, 1997, Frank Dosso, Diane Patisso, George Patisso, and

"Murder of Gwen Araujo"
Merél were sentenced in January to 15 years to life in prison for second-degree murder for the killing. To avoid a third trial, Jason Cazares pleaded no contest to manslaughter on December 16, 2005, in a plea bargain offered after two juries deadlocked on his fate. He was sentenced to six years in prison. Attorney Gloria Allred represented Araujo's family. Cazares asked to begin serving his sentence after the birth of his third child, scheduled for March or April 2006, but Lamiero noted ""it's difficult for me to entertain a request like that when Gwen Araujo is dead."" According to

"Murder of José Rafael Llenas Aybar"
both Redondo Llenas and Moliné Rodriguez suggest personality disorders. The scientific value of these tests has been questioned by experts because of the manner in which the tests were performed, conclusions drawn and presented. The trial concluded in January 1997 with guilty verdicts for Redondo Llenas and Moliné Rodriguez; both were sentenced to the maximum penalty of 30 years' imprisonment and charged US$300,000 each in damages to the victim’s family. An appeal in 1999 slightly reduced Moline Rodriguez’s term to 20 years, on account that he was an accomplice. Palmas de la Calzada and his family were never prosecuted, first

"Luis Garavito"
cell, detectives took DNA samples from his pillow and living area. The DNA found on the victims was a match to the DNA found in Garavito's cell. Garavito confessed to murdering 140 children, and was charged with killing 172 altogether throughout Colombia. He was found guilty on 138 of the 172 accounts; the others are ongoing. Garavito was sentenced to 1,853 years and 9 days in prison, the lengthiest sentence in Colombian history. However, Colombian law limits imprisonment to 40 years—and because Garavito helped police find the victims' bodies, his sentence was further reduced to 22 years. Garavito is serving

"A Nightmare on Elm Street"
returning to the series in a cameo role. A Nightmare on Elm Street A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven, and produced by Robert Shaye. It stars Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Amanda Wyss, Jsu Garcia, Robert Englund, and Johnny Depp in his film debut. The plot focuses on four teenagers, living on one street in a fictitious town of Ohio, whose dreams are invaded by a burnt killer with a bladed glove. In the dreams, the teenagers are killed, but they also die in reality. The teenagers do

A Nightmare on Elm Street A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven, and produced by Robert Shaye. It stars Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Amanda Wyss, Jsu Garcia, Robert Englund, and Johnny Depp in his film debut. The plot focuses on four teenagers, living on one street in a fictitious town of Ohio, whose dreams are invaded by a burnt killer with a bladed glove. In the dreams, the teenagers are killed, but they also die in reality. The teenagers do not understand the cause of this strange phenomenon,

"Nightmare (1956 film)"
Nightmare (1956 film) Nightmare is a 1956 American film noir crime film directed by Maxwell Shane starring Edward G. Robinson, Kevin McCarthy and Connie Russell. The story is based on a novel by William Irish (aka Cornell Woolrich). The book also became a 1947 film, ""Fear in the Night"", made by the same writer-director . ""Nightmare"" had been the original title of ""Fear in the Night"". New Orleans big band clarinetist Stan Grayson (Kevin McCarthy) has a nightmare in which he sees himself in a mirrored room, killing a man. He awakens to find blood on himself, bruises on his

"Halloween (1978 film)"
role was the biggest mistake he made during his career. Yablans then suggested Pleasence, who agreed to star because his daughter Lucy, a guitarist, had enjoyed ""Assault on Precinct 13"" for Carpenter's score. In an interview, Carpenter admits that ""Jamie Lee wasn't the first choice for Laurie. I had no idea who she was. She was 19 and in a TV show at the time, but I didn't watch TV."" He originally wanted to cast Anne Lockhart, the daughter of June Lockhart from ""Lassie"", as Laurie Strode. However, Lockhart had commitments to several other film and television projects. Hill says

"Fright Night"
Fright Night Fright Night is a 1985 American horror film written and directed by Tom Holland (in his directorial debut) and produced by Herb Jaffe. It stars William Ragsdale, Chris Sarandon, Roddy McDowall, Amanda Bearse, Jonathan Stark, Dorothy Fielding, Stephen Geoffreys, and Art Evans. The film follows young Charley Brewster, who discovers that his next-door neighbor Jerry Dandrige is a vampire. When no one believes him, Charley decides to get Peter Vincent, a TV show host who acted in films as a vampire hunter, to stop Jerry's killing spree. The film was released on August 2, 1985 and grossed $24.9

"Eight Crazy Nights"
in the film, including the new installment of ""The Chanukah Song"" and a deleted song, called ""At the Mall"", sung by Whitey as he strolls through the mall in an alternate opening, which is included in the DVD release. Eight Crazy Nights Eight Crazy Nights is a 2002 American teen & adult animated holiday musical comedy film directed by Seth Kearsley and produced, co-written by and starring Adam Sandler, in his first voice-acting role. Unlike most mainstream holiday films, it centers on Jewish characters during the Hanukkah season, as opposed to the Christian celebration of Christmas (despite being animated in

Halloween (1978 film) Halloween is a 1978 American slasher film directed and scored by John Carpenter, co-written with producer Debra Hill, and starring Donald Pleasence and Jamie Lee Curtis in her film debut. The film tells the story of serial killer Michael Myers as he stalks and kills teenage babysitters on Halloween night, fifteen years after he murdered his teenage sister, Judith Myers. Having escaped a sanitarium, he returns home to the sleepy town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being pursued by his psychiatrist Samuel Loomis. Michael stalks high school student Laurie Strode and her friends as they babysit and carries

"Zombie Nightmare"
Zombie Nightmare Zombie Nightmare is a 1986 Canadian zombie film produced and directed by Jack Bravman. It stars Adam West, Tia Carrere and Jon Mikl Thor, and was filmed in the suburbs of Montreal, Canada. Years ago, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a little boy named Tony Washington (Jesse D'Angelo) cheers on his father William Washington (John Fasano)'s performance in a baseball game. On their way home, Tony, William, and William's wife Louise (Francesca Bonacorsa) see two teenagers preparing to rape a young girl (Tracy Biddle). William intervenes, rescuing the girl, but one of the would-be rapists fatally stabs him, leaving

"Halloween (2007 film)"
Joe Grizzly (Ken Foree) for his clothes, and makes his way back to Haddonfield. On Halloween, Michael arrives at his now-abandoned childhood home, where he recovers the kitchen knife and Halloween mask he stored under the floorboards the night he killed his sister. Meanwhile, Laurie Strode (Scout Taylor-Compton) and her friends Annie Brackett (Danielle Harris) and Lynda Van Der Klok (Kristina Klebe) prepare for Halloween. Throughout the day, Laurie witnesses Michael watching her from a distance. Later that night, Laurie goes over to babysit Tommy Doyle (Skyler Gisondo). Meanwhile, Lynda meets up with her boyfriend Bob Simms (Nick Mennell) at

"A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master"
Joey are upset that she is reverting to her old ways back when they were at Westin Hills. To keep her calm, they take her to the boiler and show her that it is ice cold. Kristen also brought in Kincaid’s dog Jason into the dream, he jumps out of the boiler biting her, waking all three of them up in their rooms. The next day, Kristen meets up with her boyfriend, martial arts enthusiast Rick Johnson (Andras Jones), and their friends: Rick's sister Alice (Lisa Wilcox); Sheila (Toy Newkirk), an asthmatic genius; and Debbie (Brooke Theiss), a tough girl

"Elections in the United States"
Elections in the United States Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor and legislature. There are also elected offices at

state, but at least 21 states do not have provisions that specifically address this behavior; those who vote in opposition to the plurality are known as ""faithless"" or ""unpledged electors"". In modern times, faithless and unpledged electors have not affected the ultimate outcome of an election, so the results can generally be determined based on the state-by-state popular vote. Presidential elections occur quadrennially with registered voters casting their ballots on Election Day, which since 1845 has been the first Tuesday after November 1. This date coincides with the general elections of various other federal, state, and local races; since local

are generally held between January and June before the general election in November, while the nominating conventions are held in the summer. Though not codified by law, political parties also follow an indirect election process, where voters in the 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories, cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee. Each party may then choose a vice presidential running mate to join the ticket, which is either determined by choice of the nominee or by a second round of voting. Because

"Primary elections in the United States"
with the Republican National Committee's (RNC) rules regarding Presidential primary elections. ""No presidential primary, caucus, convention, or other meeting may be held for the purpose of voting for a presidential candidate and/or selecting delegates or alternate delegates to the national convention, prior to the first Tuesday of February in the year in which the national convention is held."" In 2020, this date is February . Candidates for President who seek their party's nomination participate in primary elections run by state governments, or caucuses run by the political parties. Unlike an election where the only participation is casting a ballot, a

governments are responsible for managing elections, these races typically all appear on one ballot. The Electoral College electors then formally cast their electoral votes on the first Monday after December 12 at their respective state capitals. Congress then certifies the results in early January, and the presidential term begins on Inauguration Day, which since the passage of the Twentieth Amendment has been set at January 20. The nomination process, consisting of the primary elections and caucuses and the nominating conventions, was not specified in the Constitution, but was developed over time by the states and political parties. These primary elections

"General election"
to extend the life of Parliament. In U.S. politics, general elections are elections held at any level (e.g. city, county, congressional district, state) that typically involve competition between at least two parties. General elections occur every two to six years (depending on the positions being filled with most positions good for four years) and include the presidential election, but unlike parliamentary systems the term can also refer to special elections that fill out positions prematurely vacated by the previous office holder (e.g. through death, resignation, etc.). Some parallels can be drawn between the general election in parliamentary systems and the

tax returns while being audited. Presidential elections are held on the same date as those for all the seats in the United States House of Representatives, the full terms for 33 or 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate, the governorships in several U.S. states, and many state and local elections. Presidential candidates tend to bring out supporters who then vote for their party's candidates for those other offices. These other candidates are said to ride on the presidential candidates' coattails. Voter turnout is also generally higher during presidential election years than either midterm election years or

campaign finance information, to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and to oversee the public funding of U.S. presidential elections. [[File:US Electoral Systems.svg|thumb|300px| [[Category:Elections in the United States| ]] [[Category:Voting in the United States]] Elections in the United States Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their

who have more financial resources and the institutional backing of their party's establishment. Primary and caucus reform proposals include a National Primary held on a single day; or the Interregional Primary Plan, where states would be grouped into six regions, and each of the regions would rotate every election on who would hold their primaries first. With the primary races usually over before June, the political conventions have mostly become scripted, ceremonial affairs. As the drama has left the conventions, and complaints grown that they were scripted and dull pep rallies, public interest and viewership has fallen off. After having

to worship on Sunday, ride to their county seat on Monday, and vote on Tuesday—all before market day, Wednesday. The month of November also fits nicely between harvest time and harsh winter weather, which could be especially bad to people traveling by horse and buggy. Until 1937, presidents were not sworn in until March 4 because it took so long to count and report ballots, and because of the winner's logistical issues of moving to the capital. With better technology and the 20th Amendment being passed, presidential inaugurations were moved to noon on January 20—allowing presidents to start their duties

had authorized Livingston only to purchase New Orleans. However, Livingston was certain that the United States would accept the offer. The Americans thought that Napoleon might withdraw the offer at any time, preventing the United States from acquiring New Orleans, so they agreed and signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty on April 30, 1803. On July 4, 1803, the treaty was announced, but the documents did not arrive in Washington, D.C. until July 14. The Louisiana Territory was vast, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to Rupert's Land in the north, and from the Mississippi River in the

lead to Western states being formed, which would likely be Republican, and dilute the political power of New England Federalists. When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on April 30 by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and François Barbé-Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement

1804 event is remembered as Three Flags Day. James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston had traveled to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans in January 1803. Their instructions were to negotiate or purchase control of New Orleans and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger acquisition which would follow. The Louisiana Purchase was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States. Before 1803, Louisiana had been under Spanish control for forty years. Although Spain aided the rebels

colonial capital, on December 20, 1803, at the Cabildo, with a flag-raising ceremony in the Plaza de Armas, now Jackson Square. Just three weeks earlier, on November 30, 1803, Spanish officials had formally conveyed the colonial lands and their administration to France. On March 9 and 10, 1804, another ceremony, commemorated as Three Flags Day, was conducted in St. Louis, to transfer ownership of Upper Louisiana from Spain to the French First Republic, and then from France to the United States. From March 10 to September 30, 1804, Upper Louisiana was supervised as a military district, under Commandant Amos Stoddard.

Louisiana
treaty. Despite Federalist objections, the U.S. Senate ratified the Louisiana treaty on October 20, 1803. By statute enacted on October 31, 1803, President Thomas Jefferson was authorized to take possession of the territories ceded by France and provide for initial governance. A transfer ceremony was held in New Orleans on November 29, 1803. Since the Louisiana territory had never officially been turned over to the French, the Spanish took down their flag, and the French raised theirs. The following day, General James Wilkinson accepted possession of New Orleans for the United States. A similar ceremony was held in St. Louis

Effective October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which would become the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under control of the governor and judicial system of the Indiana Territory. The following year, the District of Louisiana was renamed the Territory of Louisiana, aka Louisiana Territory (1805–1812). New Orleans was the administrative capital of the Orleans Territory, and St. Louis was the capital of the Louisiana Territory. A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not

Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase ( ""Sale of Louisiana"") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory () by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000) for a total of sixty-eight million francs ($15 million, equivalent to about $600 billion given the GDP of 2017. The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion

in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ""We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank."" The United States Senate advised and consented to ratification of the treaty with a vote of twenty-four to seven on October 20. The Senators who voted against the treaty were: Simeon Olcott and William Plumer of New Hampshire, William Wells and Samuel White of Delaware, James Hillhouse and Uriah Tracy of Connecticut, and Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts. On the following day, October 21,

1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on December 20, 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis, Upper Louisiana regarding the New Orleans formalities. The March 9–10,

was ultimately resolved by the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, with the United States gaining most of what it had claimed in the west. The relatively narrow Louisiana of New Spain had been a special province under the jurisdiction of the Captaincy General of Cuba while the vast region to the west was in 1803 still considered part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas. Louisiana had never been considered one of New Spain's internal provinces. If the territory included all the tributaries of the Mississippi on its western bank, the northern reaches of the Purchase extended into the equally

"Subrahmanyam Jaishankar"
Subrahmanyam Jaishankar Subrahmanyam Jaishanker (born 9 January 1955) is an Indian diplomat who served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015 to January 2018. He joined Indian Foreign Service in 1977. He had previously served as Indian Ambassador to the United States (2014–2015), China (2009–2013) and the Czech Republic (2001–04), and as High Commissioner to Singapore (2007–09). Jaishankar also played a key role in negotiating the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. On retirement he joined Tata Sons as President, Global Corporate Affairs. Jaishankar was born on 9 January 1955 in New Delhi, India to prominent Indian strategic affairs analyst, commentator, and

"Sanjeev Sanyal"
Sanjeev Sanyal Sanjeev Sanyal is an Indian economist, writer, environmentalist, and urban theorist. Currently, he is the Principal Economic Adviser in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. A Rhodes Scholar and Eisenhower Fellow, he was named ""Young Global Leader 2010"" by the World Economic Forum at Davos. He is widely regarded as one of Asia's leading economists and was Deutsche Bank's Global Strategist and a Managing Director till 2015. He is also the author of several books including ""The Indian Renaissance: India's Rise after a Thousand Years of Decline"", ""Land of the Seven Rivers: A Brief History of India's

and a vocal opponent of colonial policies during the Bengal Famine of 1943. His granduncle was Sachindra Nath Sanyal who was one of founders of the revolutionary movement and a mentor to revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad. Sanjeev Sanyal Sanjeev Sanyal is an Indian economist, writer, environmentalist, and urban theorist. Currently, he is the Principal Economic Adviser in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. A Rhodes Scholar and Eisenhower Fellow, he was named ""Young Global Leader 2010"" by the World Economic Forum at Davos. He is widely regarded as one of Asia's leading economists and was Deutsche

"Arun Shourie"
Arun Shourie Arun Shourie (born 2 November 1941) is an Indian economist, journalist, author and politician. He has worked as an economist with the World Bank, a consultant to the Planning Commission of India, editor of the ""Indian Express"" and ""The Times of India"" and a Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Vajpayee Ministry (1998–2004). He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982 and the Padma Bhushan in 1990. Arun Shourie was born in Jalandhar, British India, on 2 November 1941. He studied at Modern School, Barakhamba and did his bachelor's in Economics(H) from St. Stephen's College,

"Arvind Subramanian"
Arvind Subramanian Arvind Subramanian is an Indian economist and the former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, having taken charge of the position on 16 October 2014 to 20 June 2018 succeeding Raghuram Rajan. The post of CEA was lying vacant for over a year since Raghuram Rajan left the finance ministry to join the RBI as governor in September 2013. He served as the Dennis Weatherstone Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, both located in Washington DC. Formerly an economist at the International Monetary

"Kaushik Basu"
Kaushik Basu Kaushik Basu (born 9 January 1952) is an Indian economist who was Chief Economist of the World Bank from 2012 to 2016. He is the C. Marks Professor of International Studies and Professor of Economics at Cornell University, and began a three-year term as President of the International Economic Association in June 2017. From 2009 to 2012, during the United Progressive Alliance's second term, Basu served as the Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India. Kaushik Basu was born in Kolkata, India and schooled at St. Xavier's Collegiate School, Kolkata. In an autobiographical essay he noted that

"Krishnamurthy Subramanian"
Krishnamurthy Subramanian Krishnamurthy Subramanian is an Indian economist and current Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India (CEA), officially being appointed to the position on 7December 2018. The post of CEA was vacant for over fivemonths since the 16thCEA, Arvind Subramanian, left due to personal reasons in June 2018, having occupied the position for a few months more than the usual term of threeyears. Subramanian is a Master of Business Administration and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in financial economics from Booth School of Business, University of Chicago. His PhD was done under Luigi Zingales and Raghuram Rajan. He is

appointed as Foreign Secretary of India on 29 January 2015. The announcement of his appointment was made following a 28 January 2015 meeting of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet chaired by the PM Narendra Modi. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar Subrahmanyam Jaishanker (born 9 January 1955) is an Indian diplomat who served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015 to January 2018. He joined Indian Foreign Service in 1977. He had previously served as Indian Ambassador to the United States (2014–2015), China (2009–2013) and the Czech Republic (2001–04), and as High Commissioner to Singapore (2007–09). Jaishankar also played a key role in

"Shyam Saran"
Shyam Saran Shyam Saran (born 4 September 1946) is an Indian career diplomat. He joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1970 and rose to become the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India. Prior to his appointment as the Foreign Secretary he served as India's ambassador to Myanmar, Indonesia and Nepal and as High Commissioner to Mauritius. Upon completion of his tenure as the Foreign Secretary he was appointed Prime Minister’s Special Envoy for Indo-US civil nuclear issues and later as Special Envoy and Chief Negotiator on Climate Change. Till 2015, Shyam Saran was the Chairman of the National Security

Geography"", ""The Incredible History of India's Geography"", The Ocean of Churn: How human history was shaped by the Indian Ocean and Life Over Two Beers. Sanjeev Sanyal is currently the Principal Economic Adviser to the Indian government. He also serves as the co-chair of the Framework Working Group of the G20 and represents India on a number of international forums. Till he joined the government, Sanyal had worked in financial markets since the mid-nineties. He was Managing Director and Global Strategist at Deutsche Bank till 2015. Sanyal is well known for applying chaos theory and the Complex Adaptive Systems framework

book ""The Century in Food: America's Fads and Favorites"". Most historians contend that jelly beans were first associated with celebrations of Easter in the United States sometime during the 1930s due to their egg-like shape. The basic ingredients of jelly beans include sugar, tapioca or corn syrup, and pectin or starch. Relatively minor amounts of the emulsifying agent lecithin, anti-foaming agents, an edible wax such as carnauba wax or beeswax, salt, and confectioner's glaze are also included. The ingredients that give each bean its character are also relatively small in proportion and may vary depending on the flavor. Most jelly

Eggnog
was in 1775, when Maryland clergyman and philologist Jonathan Boucher wrote a poem about the drink which was not published until 30 years after his death: ""Fog-drams i' th' morn, or (better still) egg-nogg, / At night hot-suppings, and at mid-day, grogg, / My palate can regale..."" The first printed use of the term appeared in the ""New-Jersey Journal"" of March 26, 1788, which referred to a young man drinking a glass of eggnog. An 1869 dictionary entry for ""egg nog"" defines it as a mixture of wine, spirits, eggs and sugar; there is no mention of dairy products. ""While

Sam Rosen, and Joe Verges and published in New Orleans during 1920 by Universal Music Publishers, Inc. Jelly bean Jelly beans are small bean-shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors. The confection is sold in a wide variety of colors and flavors, and is made primarily of sugar. It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the ""Chicago Daily News"".

as amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete"". The practice of decorating eggshells as part of spring rituals is ancient, with decorated, engraved ostrich eggs found in Africa which are 60,000 years old. In the pre-dynastic period of Egypt and the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete, eggs were associated with death and rebirth, as well as with kingship, with decorated ostrich eggs, and representations of ostrich eggs in gold and silver, were commonly placed in graves of the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians as early as 5,000 years ago. These cultural relationships may have influenced early Christian and Islamic

"Jelly Babies"
jelly babies (or, in the US, the much harder jelly beans) after it was reported that George Harrison liked eating them. In the British television programme ""Doctor Who"", jelly babies were often mentioned in the classic series as a confection The Doctor, an alien time traveller, favoured. First seen being consumed by the Second Doctor, they became most associated with Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor, who had a predilection for offering them to strangers in order to defuse tense situations (and in one episode bluffing another alien into thinking them a weapon). The Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Doctors,

"Egg rolling"
Egg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was ""probably"" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the Great had ordered his missionaries to use old religious

"Minute Maid Park"
Minute Maid Park Minute Maid Park, previously known as The Ballpark at Union Station, Enron Field, and Astros Field, is a ballpark in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States, that opened in 2000 to house the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). The ballpark is Houston's first retractable-roofed stadium, and features a natural grass playing field. The ballpark was built as a replacement of the Astrodome, the first domed sports stadium ever built, which opened in 1965. It is named for beverage brand Minute Maid, a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company, which acquired naming rights in 2002 for $100 million

"Joker Marchant Stadium"
Joker Marchant Stadium Publix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium is a baseball field in Lakeland, Florida. The 8,500-seat stadium was opened in 1966 and has had multiple renovations, most recently in 2017. It was named after local resident and former Lakeland Parks and Recreation Director Marcus ""Joker"" Marchant. It is the spring training home of the Detroit Tigers and the regular-season home of the minor league affiliates Lakeland Flying Tigers and Gulf Coast Tigers. On March 15, 2011, the largest crowd in the stadium's history (10,307 people) watched a spring training game between the Detroit Tigers and the Boston Red

"Arlington Stadium"
head six times. Arlington Stadium Arlington Stadium was a baseball stadium located in Arlington, Texas, United States, located between Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas. It served as the home for the Texas Rangers (MLB) from 1972 until 1993, when the team moved into The Ballpark in Arlington (now Globe Life Park in Arlington), which has been the team's current home since 1994. The stadium was built in 1965 as Turnpike Stadium, a minor league ballpark seating 10,000 people named for the nearby Dallas-Fort Worth Turnpike (Interstate 30, also known as the Tom Landry Highway). The Fort Worth Cats of the

"Ed Smith Stadium"
number of seats in the shade. A series of photos produced by the Orioles shows the dramatic changes resulting from the renovation. Seating is available for 7,428 spectators, with standing room space taking the park's total capacity to 8,500. Two concourses include food and beverage stands, a cafe, and a gift shop. 100 high-definition televisions are located throughout the stadium and a high-definition LED video board in the outfield measures high by across. Ed Smith Stadium Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.

"Roger Dean Stadium"
Stadium is one of only two stadiums in Florida to host two Major League Baseball teams annually for spring training: the Miami Marlins and St. Louis Cardinals (the other is The Ballpark of The Palm Beaches, which opened in 2017, hosting the Washington Nationals and Houston Astros). In both venues, the teams share the main stadium where the games are played. However, the teams have their own practice fields, outdoor batting cages, several pitching mounds, and state-of-the-art conditioning rooms. Through 2002 the Montreal Expos shared the stadium with the Cardinals, until they swapped with the Marlins as part of the

"FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches"
FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches is a baseball park located in West Palm Beach, Florida. The stadium has a capacity of 6,500 people in fixed seats with room for 1,000 more on the outfield berm. The stadium hosts the Houston Astros and Washington Nationals Major League Baseball teams annually for spring training. It also hosts the Gulf Coast League Astros and the Gulf Coast League Nationals of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League. In addition to the stadium itself, the complex provides separate spring training facilities for the two teams. Each team has two

"Osceola County Stadium"
Osceola County Stadium Osceola County Stadium is a baseball park located in Kissimmee, Florida. It is the home stadium of the Florida Fire Frogs Class A minor league baseball team of the Florida State League. It served as the spring training home of the Houston Astros and their minor league affiliates from 1985 to 2016. The stadium holds 5,300 people, the smallest seating capacity of any Grapefruit League stadium. It has previously served as the home field for the Class A Florida State League's Kissimmee Cobras (1995–2000) and Osceola Astros (1985–1994). The Osceola County Stadium and Complex underwent a significant

"Danny Kastner"
""Padmé"", the fan film that won the George Lucas Selects Award in the 2008 Star Wars Fan Movie Challenge. Danny Kastner Danny Kastner is an American musician, composer, director, producer, and entrepreneur. Kastner is the founder of Minty Swirl Media, a music and interactive technology company. The company publishes and produces music for artist Ryan McCartan as well several additional performer/songwriters. Kastner has written and produced music for Tkay Maidza, Espa, Kiah Victoria and others in collaboration with songwriter Autumn Rowe. As of August, 2016 he is producing two records for the critically acclaimed artist, Nellie McKay for release in

"Sxip Shirey"
Sxip Shirey Gene ""Sxip"" Shirey (pronounced ""skip"") is an American electric-acoustic composer, performer, and story-teller. Currently based in New York City, he is known for working with found objects, traditional instruments, and computer and rare modified instruments. Shirey has released three solo albums, including ""Sonic New York"" in 2010. Shirey is a member of The Daredevil Opera Company and is a founding member of the band Luminescent Orchestrii, as well as the band Gentlemen & Assassins. He is the host and producer of ""Sxip's Hour of Charm"", a variety show of cabaret acts. Shirey grew up in Athens, Ohio. He

Danny Kastner Danny Kastner is an American musician, composer, director, producer, and entrepreneur. Kastner is the founder of Minty Swirl Media, a music and interactive technology company. The company publishes and produces music for artist Ryan McCartan as well several additional performer/songwriters. Kastner has written and produced music for Tkay Maidza, Espa, Kiah Victoria and others in collaboration with songwriter Autumn Rowe. As of August, 2016 he is producing two records for the critically acclaimed artist, Nellie McKay for release in 2018. Kastner is a professional keyboardist for the Kiefer Sutherland band since July, 2015. He plays jazz piano in

"Austin Wintory"
Austin Wintory Austin Wintory (born September 9, 1984 in Denver, Colorado) is an American composer who composes scores for films and video games. He is particularly known for composing the scores to the acclaimed video game titles ""Flow"" and ""Journey"", the latter of which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media (the first for a video game). His film efforts include the scores to the 2009 Sundance hit ""Grace"", as well as the 2008 Sundance Audience Award winner ""Captain Abu Raed"". Wintory has composed 300 scores since 2003. Austin Wintory was born in Denver,

"Shimmer and Shine"
Shimmer and Shine Shimmer and Shine is an American animated television series, created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz. It airs on Nickjr in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada. The series is based on an unreleased pilot from 2013, and premiered on Nickelodeon on August 24, 2015. It was renewed for a fourth season of 20 episodes on May 24, 2017. The first season is set in the human world and focuses on a young girl named Leah who is friends with a pair of twin genie sisters named Shimmer and Shine. Each day, the genies grant Leah three wishes,

"The Silver Shine"
The Silver Shine The Silver Shine is a three-piece, modern psychobilly and punk rock band from Budapest, Hungary. Its members include Krista Kat, an upright bassist and vocalist, Ati EDGE, a guitarist and vocalist, and Peete Jones, a drummer. Since its founding in 2004, the band has released nine albums and toured in 34 countries around the world. The band was formed in Budapest in the summer of 2004. All of the members had prior experience in other bands before joining together to form The Silver Shine. The Silver Shine's debut EP was recorded in February 2005 and contains 6

"Shine (Gwen Stefani song)"
for public consumption. It was omitted from the film's soundtrack album, as well as Stefani's third studio album ""This Is What the Truth Feels Like"" (2016). Critical response to ""Shine"" was mixed; some praised Stefani and Williams' chemistry, while others compared it negatively to their previous collaborations. Commentators frequently likened it to Williams' 2013 single ""Happy"" and Stefani's 2014 song ""Spark the Fire"". ""Shine"" was written by Pharrell Williams and Gwen Stefani, and produced by Williams. In November 2014, the pair announced that they were collaborating on a recording for the animated film ""Paddington"". They had previously worked together on

Rainstone
""Heartbeat"" was released as the lead single for The First Album 01:59PM peaking at No. 1 on the Gaon Chart. Currently, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE collaborated with China's biggest game and IT company QQ Games with 2PM. He produced 2PM's game theme song ""Shining in the Night,"" official launch date on 4/18/13 in Beijing With Woo Rhee’s new sound and business acumen, and JY Park’s dynamic company backing them up, they formed JYP Entertainment USA in 2007, an offshoot of the larger company in Korea, JYP Entertainment. Among Woo Rhee’s better known attributes is his affinity to finding creative ways to

"Carmen and Camille"
Carmen and Camille Carmen Thomas and Camille Thomas are Canadian musicians and twin sisters who perform as Carmen & Camille. Their hit single, ""Shine 4U,"" received a nomination for the 2010 Juno Award for Dance Recording of the Year. Their début studio album, ""Two"", was released in 2006 followed by 2 EPs. The sisters were raised in White Rock, British Columbia and graduated from Semiahmoo Secondary School in nearby Surrey. Their father, John Thomas, currently serves as their professional manager. Their parents are also musical and part of the reason why the twin sisters went into business. Carmen holds an

Zuntata
Betta Flash together with the singer Cyua. Kamamoto and Cyua formerly worked together for a track on the Ray'z Premium Box called ""Ray'z - Beyond -"". Zuntata Zuntata is Taito Corporation's ""house band"". The members include Hisayoshi Ogura (the band's founder), Tamayo Kawamoto, Masahiko Takaki, Norihiro Furukawa, Yasuhisa Watanabe, Shuichiro Nakazawa, Kazuko Umino, Tomohito Takahashi, Munehiro Nakanishi, and Katsuhisa Ishikawa. They are known in part for composer for the soundtrack of games such as ""Bubble Bobble"", the ""Darius series ""and the ""Ray"" series (""RayForce"", ""Raystorm"" and ""Raycrisis""), among others. Stylistically, their sound is at times reminiscent of progressive/fusion artists like

"Far from the Madding Crowd (2015 film)"
Far from the Madding Crowd (2015 film) Far from the Madding Crowd is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and starring Carey Mulligan, Matthias Schoenaerts, Michael Sheen, Tom Sturridge and Juno Temple. It is an adaptation of the 1874 novel ""Far from the Madding Crowd"" by Thomas Hardy. It is the fourth film adaptation of the novel. In 1870 Victorian England, Bathsheba Everdene (Carey Mulligan) is working on her aunt's farm in Dorset. Gabriel Oak (Matthias Schoenaerts), a new neighbour, sees Bathsheba riding her horse and falls in love with her. He proposes, but the headstrong

a classic for the here and now."" Far from the Madding Crowd (2015 film) Far from the Madding Crowd is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and starring Carey Mulligan, Matthias Schoenaerts, Michael Sheen, Tom Sturridge and Juno Temple. It is an adaptation of the 1874 novel ""Far from the Madding Crowd"" by Thomas Hardy. It is the fourth film adaptation of the novel. In 1870 Victorian England, Bathsheba Everdene (Carey Mulligan) is working on her aunt's farm in Dorset. Gabriel Oak (Matthias Schoenaerts), a new neighbour, sees Bathsheba riding her horse and falls in love

"Far from the Madding Crowd (1967 film)"
Far from the Madding Crowd (1967 film) Far from the Madding Crowd is a 1967 British epic drama film adapted from Thomas Hardy's book of the same name. The film, starring Julie Christie, Alan Bates, Terence Stamp and Peter Finch, and directed by John Schlesinger, was Schlesinger's fourth film (and his third collaboration with Christie). It marked a stylistic shift away from his earlier works exploring contemporary urban mores. The cinematography was by Nicolas Roeg and the soundtrack was by Richard Rodney Bennett. He also used traditional folk songs in various scenes throughout the film. It was nominated for one

Oscar for Best Original Music Score and two BAFTAs, Best British Cinematography (Colour) and Best British Costume (Colour) (Alan Barrett). Set in the rural West Country in Victorian England, the story features Bathsheba Everdene (Julie Christie), a beautiful, headstrong, independently minded woman who inherits her uncle's farm and decides to manage it herself. This engenders some disapproval from the local farming community. She employs a former neighbour, Gabriel Oak (Alan Bates), to be her shepherd; rejected by her earlier as a suitor, Gabriel lost his own flock of sheep when they escaped from their enclosure, fled from a dog, and

would agree were he to propose again. Bathsheba smiles and tells him he needs ask but once more. Gabriel kisses her passionately in response, and they walk back hand in hand. David Nicholls became attached to the film in 2008. In April 2013, it was reported that Matthias Schoenaerts had been offered the role of Gabriel Oak alongside Carey Mulligan as Bathsheba Everdene. Their casting was official in May 2013 with the participation of director Thomas Vinterberg. Principal photography started on 16 September 2013. The film was shot in Dorset (Sherborne, Mapperton, and Beaminster), Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and London. Mulligan claimed,

fell off a steep cliff. Ignoring Gabriel's love, Bathsheba impulsively sends a valentine to William Boldwood (Peter Finch), a nearby gentleman farmer. When he misinterprets her capriciousness and proposes to her, Bathsheba promises to consider his offer. But she becomes enamoured of Frank Troy (Terence Stamp), a dashing cavalry sergeant. Troy was supposed to marry young Fanny Robin (Prunella Ransome), a maidservant pregnant with his child, but she went to the wrong church on their wedding day, and Troy was then posted out of town. Bathsheba marries him after his return. Troy gambles away most of Bathsheba's money and creates

film performed well at the box office in the UK but was a commercial failure in the US. ""Far from the Madding Crowd"" received mixed to positive reviews from critics, as the film holds a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 25 reviews. Far from the Madding Crowd (1967 film) Far from the Madding Crowd is a 1967 British epic drama film adapted from Thomas Hardy's book of the same name. The film, starring Julie Christie, Alan Bates, Terence Stamp and Peter Finch, and directed by John Schlesinger, was Schlesinger's fourth film (and his third collaboration with Christie). It

and rural life to be ""splendid"". His strongest criticism is that the film missed the point of the small society of rural life: Thomas Hardy's novel told of a 19th century rural England in which class distinctions and unyielding social codes surrounded his characters. They were far from the madding crowd whether they liked it or not, and got tangled in each other's problems because there was nowhere else to turn. It's not simply that Bathsheba (Julie Christie) was courted by the three men in her life, but that she was courted by ALL three men in her life. The

unselfish devotion, Bathsheba consents to be his wife and persuades Gabriel to remain in Weatherbury. The film keeps close to the book. The budget was $3 million, 80% of which was provided by MGM, 20% by Anglo-Amalgamated. The film was shot largely on location in Dorset and Wiltshire. The film is memorable for the subtly erotic scene between Sgt. Troy and Bathsheba in which he flaunts his expert skills as a swordsman in a private fencing display in a prehistoric earthwork (actually Maiden Castle). An enthralled Bathsheba stands immobile before him. Roger Ebert found the scenes of the rural area

find several buildings on fire and saves the barn from destruction. At dawn the next day he is introduced to the farm's new mistress: Bathsheba. She hires him as a shepherd. In the meantime, Fanny goes to the wrong church for her wedding and Troy, apparently jilted, is devastated. In town, Bathsheba proves to be a shrewd trader when selling her seed. She immediately is drawn to her neighbour William Boldwood (Michael Sheen), a prosperous and mature bachelor. Bathsheba sends Boldwood a Valentine as a joke, and he, both offended and intrigued, soon proposes marriage. Bathsheba says she does share

Sambahsa
This system was chosen to preserve the recognizability of words taken from West-European languages, where orthography plays a key role. For example, according to the rules of Sambahsa, ""bureau"" is pronounced as in French, and ""point"" as in English. Sambahsa has nine vowels (not counting the lengthened form of these vowels), two semi-vowels (IPA: [j] and [w]) and twenty consonants. To help language learners, and because IPA symbols cannot be written with all keyboards, a special simpler system has been developed, called ""Sambahsa Phonetic Transcription"", or ""SPT"". Compared to other conlangs, Sambahsa words are short, often as short as English

SaypU
SaypU SaypU or SaypYu ( ) is an acronym for ""Spell As You Pronounce Universally"" (in SaypU ""Spel az Yu Prɘnawns Yunivɘɘrsɘlli"") is an approximative phonetic alphabet of 24 alphabet letters to spell languages, including English. The spelling system was adopted by Jaber George Jabbour to write English more phonetically. The 24-letter alphabet includes 23 Roman alphabet letters (after excluding ""c"", ""q"" and ""x"") and the addition of a 24th letter, the IPA letter ""ɘ"" (close-mid central unrounded vowel) to play the role of schwa. The letter represents the initial sound of ""ago"" or ""about"". The SaypU project promotes ""the

SAMPA
Today, officially, SAMPA has been developed for all the sounds of the following languages: The characters [""s{mp@] represent the pronunciation of the name SAMPA in English, with the initial symbol [""] indicating primary stress. Like IPA, SAMPA is usually enclosed in square brackets or slashes, which are not part of the alphabet proper and merely signify that it is phonetic as opposed to regular text. SAMPA was developed in the late 1980s in the European Commission-funded ESPRIT project 2589 ""Speech Assessment Methods"" (SAM)—hence ""SAM Phonetic Alphabet""—in order to facilitate email data exchange and computational processing of transcriptions in phonetics and

"Warang Citi"
for Warang Citi is U+118A0–U+118FF. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points: Warang Citi Warang Citi (also written Varang Kshiti or Barang Kshiti; , IPA: /wɐrɐŋ ʧɪt̪ɪ/) is an abugida invented by Lako Bodra, used in primary and adult education and in various publications. It is used to write Ho, a language used in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Assam. Community leader Bodra invented it as an alternative to the writing systems devised by Christian missionaries. He claims that the alphabet was invented in the 13th century by Deowan Turi, and that it was rediscovered

Baybayin
Baybayin Baybayin (; pre-virama: , post-virama: , kudlit + pamudpod: ) is an ancient script used primarily by the Tagalog people. Baybayin is an indigenous Indic script that has been widely used in traditional Tagalog domains. It is one of many ""suyat"" scripts in the Philippines. It continued to be used during the early part of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines until largely being supplanted by usage of the Latin alphabet. Baybayin is well known because it was carefully documented by scribes during the colonial era. The term ""baybayín"" literally means ""to spell, write, and syllabize"" in Tagalog. Baybayin

Warang Citi Warang Citi (also written Varang Kshiti or Barang Kshiti; , IPA: /wɐrɐŋ ʧɪt̪ɪ/) is an abugida invented by Lako Bodra, used in primary and adult education and in various publications. It is used to write Ho, a language used in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Assam. Community leader Bodra invented it as an alternative to the writing systems devised by Christian missionaries. He claims that the alphabet was invented in the 13th century by Deowan Turi, and that it was rediscovered in a shamanistic vision and modernized by Lako Bodra. The script

Pangram
understand, such as ""Cwm fjord bank glyphs vext quiz"", where """", a loan word from the Welsh language, means a steep-sided valley and ""vext"" is an uncommon way to spell ""vexed"". Logographic scripts, that is, writing systems composed principally of logograms, cannot be used to produce pangrams in the literal sense, since they are radically different from alphabets or other phonetic writing systems. In such scripts, the total number of signs is large and imprecisely defined, so producing a text with every possible sign is impossible. However, various analogies to pangrams are feasible, including traditional pangrams in a romanization. In

"Sundanese script"
〈〉, which denoted a historical text. The bindu surya was also sometimes used as the modern full stop; in those cases, the bindu purnama was used as comma. When the bindu surya wasn’t used as full stop, the bindu cakra 〈〉, a representation of a wheel, was used instead of the bindu purnama as a comma. The punctuation symbols resembling letters with stripes used in the sequences above, 〈〉, 〈〉, and 〈〉, are respectively named da satanga, ka satanga, and ba satanga, and originated as ‘decorated’ versions of the syllable da 〈〉, one half of the syllable ka 〈〉, and

"Malay grammar"
whole word, but one or more of the its phonemes are altered. For example, the word ""gerak"" (motion) can be reduplicated rhythmically to form ""gerak-gerik"" (movements) by altering the vowel. The reduplication can also be formed by altering the consonant, e.g. in ""sayur-mayur"" (vegetables [bundled for the market]) from the root word ""sayur"" (vegetable/vegetables [what is found on plate]). Reduplication is used for expression of various grammatical functions (such as verbal aspect) and it is part in a number of complex morphological models. Reduplication of nouns and pronouns can express at least three meanings: Reduplication of an adjective can express

Danda
Danda In Indic scripts, the danda (Sanskrit: दण्ड """" ""stick"") is a punctuation character. The glyph consists of a single vertical stroke. The character can be found at code point U+0964 () in Unicode. The ""double danda"" is at U+0965 (). ISCII encodes danda at 0xEA. The danda marks the end of a sentence or period, comparable to a full stop (period) as commonly used in the Latin alphabet, and is used alternate with Western punctuation in most modern Indic languages. In metrical texts, a double danda is used to delimit verses, and a single danda to delimit a pada

"Cabinet of Namibia"
Cabinet was announced on 19 March 2015. The position of Vice-President was established for the first time, as well as five ministries with two Deputy Ministers each. While the deputies are not Cabinet members their double appointments still significantly increased the number of top positions in public administration. A major Cabinet reshuffle occurred in February 2018 when two ministers were fired, the vice president retired on health grounds, and several other rotations took place. In the wake of the February Cabinet reshuffle the number of deputy ministers was reduced again to one per ministry, with the Office of the Vice-President

"Jeremia Nambinga"
2017 but challenged the result in court, and won. In August 2018 he resigned his presidency. Jeremia Nambinga Jeremia Nambinga (born 13 December 1946 in Ohangwena Region) is a Namibian politician. Since 2008, Nambinga has been a member of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and has been its president from 2015 to 2018. A long-serving member of Swapo party, Nambinga was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from 1995. In 2000 he was transferred to the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Services where he served as Deputy Minister until 2004.

"Ministry of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development (Namibia)"
Ministry of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development (Namibia) The Ministry of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development (MRLGHRD) is a ministry of the Government of Namibia. The ministry, under its current minister Charles Namoloh is responsible for regional governance (Regional Councils) and local governance (Local Authorities) and therewith plays an important role in the decentralisation process of the Namibian government. The ministry is divided into five directorates: Supports the decentralised government authorities (regional, local, traditional) in Namibia in terms of capacity building and the coordination of their activities. Carries out support programmes to promote affordable

"Minister for Young Citizens and Youth Engagement"
Minister for Young Citizens and Youth Engagement The post of Minister for Young Citizens and Youth Engagement was a ministerial position in the United Kingdom, created on 30 October 2009 by prime minister Gordon Brown. It was created following a recommendation that came from the Youth Citizenship Commission that there should be a Minister for Youth Citizenship. The first Minister for Youth was Dawn Butler, who served as a member of parliament and as the honorary vice president of the British Youth Council. The minister's role is to coordinate government work to help young people engage with politics which will

"Jayathma Wickramanayake"
processes at the UN”, while bringing the UN closer to young people at the same time. She has also stressed the “need to see young people not as a liability but as an opportunity, and to see how we can proactively engage them in all discussions, at all levels”. Wickramanayake also serves as a representative and advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General in her capacity as the Envoy on Youth. Jayathma Wickramanayake Jayathma Wickramanayake (born 22 November 1990) currently serves as the United Nations Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth. Appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres in June 2017, she

Jayathma Wickramanayake Jayathma Wickramanayake (born 22 November 1990) currently serves as the United Nations Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth. Appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres in June 2017, she succeeds Ahmad Alhendawi of Jordan, who served as the first Envoy on Youth from 2013 to 2017. Prior to taking her role as the Envoy, Wickramanayake led youth development efforts both on an international and national level in her home country, Sri Lanka. In this regard, she co-founded the youth organization Hashtag Generation, aimed at increasing the civic and political engagement of Sri Lankan young people, particularly young women. Wickramanayake

to the Minister for Civil Society, Nick Hurd. Minister for Young Citizens and Youth Engagement The post of Minister for Young Citizens and Youth Engagement was a ministerial position in the United Kingdom, created on 30 October 2009 by prime minister Gordon Brown. It was created following a recommendation that came from the Youth Citizenship Commission that there should be a Minister for Youth Citizenship. The first Minister for Youth was Dawn Butler, who served as a member of parliament and as the honorary vice president of the British Youth Council. The minister's role is to coordinate government work to

"Politics of Namibia"
society and the opposition repeatedly have criticised the overlap between executive and legislature. All cabinet members also sit in the National Assembly and dominate that body—not numerically but by being the superiors to ordinary members. The government is headed by the prime minister, who, together with his cabinet, is appointed by the president. SWAPO, the primary force behind independence, is still the country's largest party. Hage Geingob was Namibia's first Prime Minister. He was appointed on 21 March 1990 and served until 28 August 2002. Theo-Ben Gurirab was Prime Minister from 28 August 2002 to 21 March 2005, and Nahas

"National Youth Service (Kenya)"
launched in September 2014. It allowed for recruitment of community cohorts, who did not have to attend the paramilitary training to be involved with the works of the organisation. In 2015 was at the centre stage of a scandal that had rocked the Ministry of Devolution and Planning. This led to the then Cabinet Secretary of the ministry, Anne Waiguru, and the director general, Nelson Githinji, of the NYS to resign. Richard Ethan Ndubai was sworn in as the new director general on January 2016. The NYS is involved in The service includes technical training for members who have completed

Jeremia Nambinga Jeremia Nambinga (born 13 December 1946 in Ohangwena Region) is a Namibian politician. Since 2008, Nambinga has been a member of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and has been its president from 2015 to 2018. A long-serving member of Swapo party, Nambinga was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from 1995. In 2000 he was transferred to the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Services where he served as Deputy Minister until 2004. For the following election period he almost missed his place in the National Assembly, being #56

which river separates the bronx in new york city from manhattan island

"Bronx Kill"
Bronx Kill The Bronx Kill is a narrow strait in New York City delineating the southernmost extent of the Bronx and separating it from Randalls Island. It connects the Harlem River to the East River. Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately in width. As of 1917, there were also plans by the War Department to dredge a deep channel, in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents. For this reason, in the early 20th century the New York Connecting Railroad built a movable bridge across the Bronx Kill on the approach to the Hell Gate Bridge.

"Randalls and Wards Islands"
the Bronx, opened. Construction of this bridge was proposed in 2006, but did not begin until 2013. Randalls and Wards Islands Randalls Island (also called Randall's Island) and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separated, with Randalls Island to the north of Wards Island. The channel between them, Little Hell Gate, was infilled by the early 1960s. A

Randalls and Wards Islands Randalls Island (also called Randall's Island) and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separated, with Randalls Island to the north of Wards Island. The channel between them, Little Hell Gate, was infilled by the early 1960s. A third, smaller island, Sunken Meadow Island, was located east of Randalls Island and was connected to it

"Bronx River"
through the northern suburbs, passing through Edgemont, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, and Bronxville. It forms the border between the large cities of Yonkers and Mount Vernon, and flows into the northern end of The Bronx, where it divides East Bronx from West Bronx, southward through Bronx Park, New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo and continues through neighborhoods of the South Bronx. It empties into the East River, a tidal strait connected to Long Island Sound, between the Soundview and Hunts Point neighborhoods. In the 17th century, the river—called by the natives ""Aquehung""—served as a boundary between loosely associated bands under

"Harlem River"
Harlem River The Harlem River is an tidal strait flowing between the Hudson River and the East River and separating the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the New York mainland. The northern stretch, also called the Spuyten Duyvil (""spewing devil"") Creek, has been significantly altered for navigation purposes. Originally it curved round the north of Marble Hill, but in 1895 the Harlem River Ship Canal was dug between Manhattan and Marble Hill, and in 1914 the original course was filled in. The Harlem River forms a part of the Hudson estuary system, serving as a narrow strait that

"The Bronx"
predominantly on the U.S. mainland. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, and a flatter eastern section. East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattan's Fifth Avenue. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx's area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in

Bronx River The Bronx River, approximately long, flows through southeast New York in the United States and drains an area of . It is named after colonial settler Jonas Bronck. The Bronx River is the only fresh water river in New York City. It originally rose in what is now the Kensico Reservoir, in Westchester County north of New York City. With the construction of the Kensico Dam in 1885, however, the river was cut off from its natural headwaters and today a small tributary stream serves as its source. The Bronx River flows south past White Plains, then south-southwest

"East River"
the city in 1884 to be a prison farm and expanded with landfill from under to over , which is currently the site of the city's primary jail, and North and South Brother Islands, all of which lie north of Roosevelt Island. The Bronx River drains into the East River in the northern section of the strait, and the Flushing River, historically known as ""Flushing Creek"" empties into it near LaGuardia Airport via Flushing Bay. North of Randalls Island, it is joined by the Bronx Kill. Along the east of Wards Island, at approximately the strait's midpoint, it narrows into

The Bronx The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area of and a population of 1,471,160 in 2017. Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density. It is the only borough

"The Narrows"
The Narrows The Narrows is the tidal strait separating the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City. It connects the Upper New York Bay and Lower New York Bay and forms the principal channel by which the Hudson River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. It has long been considered to be the maritime ""gateway"" to New York City and historically has been one of the most important entrances into the harbors of the Port of New York and New Jersey. The Narrows was most likely formed after deposition of the Harbor Hill Moraine about 18,000 years ago

"Cut (cards)"
Cut (cards) In many card games, to cut the cards (or to cut the deck) is a procedure used just prior to the cards being dealt to the players. A common procedure is that after the cards have been shuffled, the dealer sets the cards face-down on the table near the player designated to make the cut, typically the player to the dealer's right. That player initiates a cut of the deck by taking a contiguous range of cards off the top of the deck and placing it face-down on the table farther from the dealer; the dealer completes the

by manipulating the order of cards to gain advantage. Even if the dealer (or the shuffler, if he is not the dealer) does not plan on cheating, cutting will prevent suspicions, thus many rules require it. Some players also consider the cut to be lucky. Parlett says the purpose of cutting is to prevent the bottom card from being known. The contiguous section may also be taken from the middle of the deck. This is called ""Scarne's cut"", though in some settings this is considered poor etiquette or against the rules. A cut involving a very small number of cards,

cut by taking the original bottom portion of the deck and placing it on top of the just-moved cards. Once the cut is complete, the dealer picks up the deck, straightens or ""squares"" it, and deals the cards. Rules of procedure or etiquette may vary concerning who makes the cut, the minimum or maximum number of cards which may be cut off the top, whether the dealer or the cutter restacks the cards, whether a cut card is employed, and whether a cut is mandatory. The practice of cutting is primarily a method of reducing the likelihood of someone cheating

and is usually performed by the dealer. In this instance, the deck is cut onto the aforementioned cut card, and the cut completed; this prevents players from seeing the bottom card of the deck. A cut should always be completed with one hand to limit possibility of a false cut. Scarne's cut was developed by John Scarne during World War II to help protect servicemen against cheating by unscrupulous dealers. First one pulls out a portion of the middle of the stack and places it back on top of the deck; one then performs a regular cut described earlier. It

moves to conceal the real result. Cutting cards is usually a prelude to a game, but it can be a game unto itself. Each player, in turn, removes a selection of cards from the top and reveals the bottom card to all the players, and then replaces the cards in the original position. Whoever has revealed the highest (or sometimes lowest) card is the winner. This is often used in an informal setting, much like flipping coins; it is also sometimes used to determine who will play first in a card game. The command to ""cut the cards"", followed by

such as taking only the top card, taking some cards from the bottom or taking every card bar the bottom one as a cut, is often acceptable according to rules. Other rules may specify that at least three cards must be taken or left in making a cut. Sometimes up to three cuts are allowed. A sensible minimum is about one-fifth of the deck. During informal card games, the dealer is typically not required to offer the cut, and even if offered, the designated player can decline the request. On the other hand, any player may specifically request to cut

someone literally chopping the deck in half with an axe, is a none-too-subtle gag that has been used many times in popular media, going back to at least the vaudeville days. Examples include Harpo Marx in ""Horse Feathers"", Curly Howard in ""Ants in the Pantry"", and Bugs Bunny in ""Bugs Bunny Rides Again"". Cut (cards) In many card games, to cut the cards (or to cut the deck) is a procedure used just prior to the cards being dealt to the players. A common procedure is that after the cards have been shuffled, the dealer sets the cards face-down on

"Card sharp"
can be controlled and dealt as the cheater wishes. This is called a false dealing, if a card is dealt from the bottom it is called ""bottom dealing"" and if it is second from the top it is called ""second dealing"". Two cards could be dealt as one or the second card from the bottom could be dealt, hence the Greek deal and double deals. Dealing may also be done from the middle of the deck, known as the ""middle deal"" or ""center deal"", but is almost always performed as a display of skill rather than actual cheating. Card sharps

"Play Your Cards Right"
each couple instead of five, with a tie break occurring on the third question instead of fourth. The winning couple got 200 points to begin with. Bruce would then ask a question, if they got it right, they'd win an extra 50 points, if they got it wrong, they lost 50 points. There were two rows of three cards dealt out (going from left to right, and upward), and one final card at the top. At the start of each row, they could change their card. At the start of the second row, they got an extra 200 points. The

"Five-card draw"
blind, and subsequent rounds begin with the player to the dealer's left. Home games typically use an ante; the first betting round begins with the player to the dealer's left, and the second round begins with the player who opened the first round. Play begins with each player being dealt five cards, one at a time, all face down. The remaining deck is placed aside, often protected by placing a chip or other marker on it. Players pick up the cards and hold them in their hands, being careful to keep them concealed from the other players, then a round

time, Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem began to develop. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built under Constantine in the 320s, but the Temple Mount was left undeveloped after a failed project of restoration of the Jewish Temple under Julian the Apostate. The Dome of the Rock is now mostly assumed to have been built by the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik and his son and successor Al-Walid I. According to Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, construction started in 687. Construction cost was reportedly seven times the yearly tax income of Egypt. A dedicatory inscription in Kufic script is preserved inside

the dome. The date is recorded as AH 72 (691/2 CE), the year historians believe the construction of the original Dome was completed. In this inscription, the name of al-Malik was deleted and replaced by the name of Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun. This alteration of the original inscription was first noted by Melchior de Vogüé in 1864. Some scholars have suggested that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), or indeed a Byzantine building dating to before the Muslim conquest, built under Heraclius (r. 610–641). Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby

Budapest, and the New Synagogue in Berlin, Germany. It was long believed by Christians that the Dome of the Rock echoed the architecture of the Temple in Jerusalem, as can be seen in Raphael's ""The Marriage of the Virgin"" and in Perugino's ""Marriage of the Virgin"". Citations Dome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock ( ""Qubbat al-Sakhrah"", ""Kippat ha-Sela"") is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna on the site of the

previous years. In 1955, an extensive program of renovation was begun by the government of Jordan, with funds supplied by Arab governments and Turkey. The work included replacement of large numbers of tiles dating back to the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, which had become dislodged by heavy rain. In 1965, as part of this restoration, the dome was covered with a durable aluminium bronze alloy made in Italy that replaced the lead exterior. Before 1959, the dome was covered in blackened lead. In the course of substantial restoration carried out from 1959 to 1962, the lead was replaced by

by earthquakes in 808 and again in 846. The dome collapsed in an earthquake in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The mosaics on the drum were repaired in 1027–28. For centuries Christian pilgrims were able to come and experience the Temple Mount, but escalating violence against pilgrims to Jerusalem (Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who ordered the destruction of the Holy Sepulchre, was an example) instigated the Crusades. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and the Dome of the Rock was given to the Augustinians, who turned it into a church, while the Al-Aqsa Mosque became a royal palace. The Knights

decorated with mosaic, faience and marble, much of which was added several centuries after its completion. It also contains Qur'anic inscriptions. Surah Ya Sin (the ""Heart of the Quran"") is inscribed across the top of the tile work and was commissioned in the 16th century by Suleiman the Magnificent. Al-Isra, the Surah 17 which tells the story of the ""Isra"" or Night Journey, is inscribed above this. Adjacent to the Dome of the Rock, the Ottomans built the free-standing Dome of the Prophet in 1620. Large-scale renovation was undertaken during the reign of Mahmud II in 1817. In a major

"Long John Silver (film)"
follows the trail of the map to the caves where the treasure is buried. Israel tries to kill Jim, but Jim leads him to the coast, where Israel plunges to his death. As Jim heads back to the caves, he is taken by Mendoza, who is going to use him as bait to get Long John, but Long John surrenders to Mendoza, giving his men the opportunity to make a gunpowder attack, cutting down Mendoza's forces and leaving the rest marooned. Long John returns as an honorable citizen, but he and Jim ride off. Walt Disney's film of ""Treasure Island""

"Aron Ralston"
Aron Ralston Aron Lee Ralston (born October 27, 1975) is an American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker known for having survived a canyoneering accident in southeastern Utah in 2003 during which he amputated his own right forearm with a dull pocketknife in order to free himself from a dislodged boulder which had him trapped in Blue John Canyon for six days. After he freed himself, he had to make his way through the remainder of the canyon, then rappel down a sheer cliff face in order to reach safety. The incident is documented in Ralston's autobiography ""Between a Rock

warehouse so that Long John and his crew can capture Mendoza's ship. As Long John sails for Treasure Island, Mendoza awaits his next ship. Once on Treasure Island, Long John and his men take shelter in the stockade from Israel Hands, who had survived Jim's shot some time ago, but is blind. Israel keeps Long John and his men trapped, killing them a few at a time. Soon, Mendoza's men arrive, and Israel offers to side with Long John in return for a passage to Cornwall and vengeance against Jim. After they flee, Mendoza burns down the stockade. Long John

"Long John Silver"
made. The number of minor adaptations remains countless. Long John Silver Long John Silver is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under ""the immortal Hawke"". ""His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He

Long John Silver Long John Silver is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under ""the immortal Hawke"". ""His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face

"Treasure Island"
violent fight, Billy, who drinks far too much rum, has a stroke and tells Jim that his former shipmates covet his map to buried treasure. After a visit from an evil blind man named Pew who gives him ""the black spot"" as a summons to share the treasure map, Billy has another stroke and dies; Jim and his mother (his father has also died just a few days before) unlock the sea chest, finding some money, a journal, and the map. The local physician, Dr. Livesey and the district squire, Trelawney, deduce that the map is of the island where

"Robert Newton"
Robert Newton Robert Guy Newton (1 June 1905 – 25 March 1956) was an English stage and film actor. Along with Errol Flynn, Newton was one of the most popular actors among the male juvenile audience of the 1940s and early 1950s, especially with British boys. Known for his hard living lifestyle, he was cited as a role model by the actor Oliver Reed and the Who's drummer Keith Moon. Newton is best remembered for his portrayal of the feverish-eyed Long John Silver in the 1950 film adaptation of ""Treasure Island"", the film that became the standard for screen portrayals

Long John Silver (film) Long John Silver, also known as Long John Silver's Return to Treasure Island, is a 1954 American-Australian Adventure film about the eponymous pirate from ""Treasure Island"", starring Robert Newton as Silver and Rod Taylor as Israel Hands. It was shot in CinemaScope and colour at the Pagewood Studios, Sydney, and the same company went on to make a 26 episode TV series with the same actors, called ""The Adventures of Long John Silver"". The director, Byron Haskin, had directed ""Treasure Island"" in 1950, with Newton as Silver. ""Long John Silver"" should not be confused with the

"Black Spot (Treasure Island)"
killed outright. In ""Treasure Island"", Billy Bones is much frightened by it but remains determined to outwit his enemies; however, he suffers a stroke caused by the overconsumption of liquor and dies. Later Long John Silver receives the spot, but is calm enough to notice that the paper bearing the spot has been torn out from a Bible, and warns his associates of the ill luck this will bring upon them. The black spot was cut from a Bible, and the words on the black of the black spot were spookily from Revelation, like an allusion to the beast's mark

Of the authenticity of ""127 Hours,"" Ralston has said that the film is ""so factually accurate it is as close to a documentary as you can get and still be a drama,"" and he jokingly added that he thought it is ""the best film ever made."" Aron Ralston Aron Lee Ralston (born October 27, 1975) is an American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker known for having survived a canyoneering accident in southeastern Utah in 2003 during which he amputated his own right forearm with a dull pocketknife in order to free himself from a dislodged boulder which had him

Lakh
Lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs; Devanāgarī: लाख) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10). In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 ""lakh"" rupees, written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000. It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English. In Pakistan, the word ""lakh"" is used mostly in local languages

Lakh
The root of the word ""lakh"" might be the Pali ""lakkha"" (masculine noun, ""mark, target, stake in gambling""), from which the numerical meaning, ""one hundred thousand"" is derived. Another possible root could be the Sanskrit ""laksha"" (Devanagari: लक्ष ""lakṣa""), which has similar meanings in that language. Lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs; Devanāgarī: लाख) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10). In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 ""lakh"" rupees, written as

Lakh
rather than in English media. In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun, and with either a marked (""-s"") or unmarked plural, as in: ""1 ""lakh"" people"" or ""1 ""lakh"" of people""; ""200 ""lakh"" rupees""; ""5 ""lakh"" of rupees""; ""rupees 10 lakh""; or ""5 ""lakh"" of rupees"". In the abbreviated form, usage such as ""5L"" (for ""rupees 5 ""lakh"""") is common. In this system of numeration 100 ""lakh"" is called one ""crore"" and is equal to 10 million. In colloquial Urdu, especially in the city of Karachi, the word ""peti"" (""suitcase"") is also used

Laeeq
Laeeq Laeeq ""لئیق"" is a masculine name, which means able, worthy, fit, suitable, capable, decent, intelligent. The word is commonly pronounced as ""Layk"". It has roots in Urdu, Arabic, Ethiopian and Scottish languages. The closest Arabic equivalent of Laeeq/Laiq is ""Laeq"" ""لائق"". ""Laeeq"" is also believed to be an African name. It is commonly considered as an Urdu name. Variants of the name ""Laeeq"" are also found in Scotland. The English variant forms of the name include: Laike, Laiken, Laikin, Laken, Lake, and Lakon. From the English word lake, for the inland body of water. It is ultimately derived from

Lakh
to denote one ""lakh"" rupees. This originated during the General Zia era, when the largest denomination of currency was the 100 rupee note, and one ""lakh"" rupees would fill a small suitcase (""peti"" as in Bombay Hindi). Hence, even after the Zia era, one ""peti"" has continued to mean one ""lakh"" rupees. The word ""lakhi"" is commonly used throughout Tanzania to denote 100,000 shillings and is likely to have entered the Swahili language from Indian and Pakistani immigrants. The term is also used in the pricing of silver on the international precious metals market, where one ""lakh"" equals of silver.

"Tola (unit)"
Emirates and in all the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) countries. Tola is still used as a measure of ""charas."" (Indian hashish) Tola (unit) The tola (; ; ; ""tolā"". from ; ""tolaka"") Punjabi ਤੋਲਾ, also transliterated as tolah or tole, is a traditional Ancient Indian and South Asian unit of mass, now standardised as 180 troy grains () or exactly 3/8 troy ounce. It was the base unit of mass in the British Indian system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer. It was also

"Indian numbering system"
one million million. There are various systems of numeration found in various ancient Vedic literatures of India. The following table gives one such system used in the Tamil ancient numbering system. Indian numbering system The Indian numbering system is used in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and in Burma. The terms ""lakh"" (100,000 or 1,00,000 in the Indian system) and ""crore"" (10,000,000 or 1,00,00,000 in the Indian system) are used in Indian English to express large numbers. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000, while

"Names of large numbers"
of large numbers including lakhs and crores. English also has many words, such as ""zillion"", used informally to mean large but unspecified amounts; see indefinite and fictitious numbers. Apart from ""million"", the words in this list ending with -""illion"" are all derived by adding prefixes (""bi""-, ""tri""-, etc., derived from Latin) to the stem -""illion"". ""Centillion"" appears to be the highest name ending in -""illion"" that is included in these dictionaries. ""Trigintillion"", often cited as a word in discussions of names of large numbers, is not included in any of them, nor are any of the names that can easily

Halva
also has become popular among proponents of raw food diets. In this version, a mixture of raw sesame tahini, raw almonds, raw agave nectar and salt are blended together and frozen to firm. Halva is the most common modern English spelling and the transliteration from most Balkan languages. Other transliterations include ""ħelwa"" (Maltese), ""xalwo"" (Somali), ""halvah"" (Hebrew), ""halwa"" or ""halwi"" (Arabic), ""helva"" (Turkish), ""chałwa"" (Polish), ""halua"" (Bengali), and ""halva"" (Hindustani). The word ""halawa"" (حلاوة) in Arabic means 'sweetness', while the word ""halwa"" (حلوى) means sweets or candy. The word ""halva"" comes from the Arabic word ""halwa""; the root word is

"Khurd and Kalan"
Khurd and Kalan Khurd and Kalan (Hindustani: ख़ुर्द और कलाँ, خرد اور کلاں Punjabi: ਖੁਰਦ ਜਾਂ ਕਲਾਂ) are administrative designations used in India and Pakistan to indicate the smaller (Khurd) and larger (Kalan) segments of a town, village or settlement. They are usually added after place names. For instance, Berote Khurd and Berote Kalan in Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Dangoh Khurd in Una District of Himachal Pradesh and the famous Dariba Kalan jewellery market in Delhi, there was also a smaller street near by, known as Dariba Khurd or Chhota Dariba, both mean small, now known as Kinari

"City and Guilds of London Institute"
of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) and Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). As of November 2016, City & Guilds offers 2312 different regulated qualifications, more than any other awarding body. These cover entry level to level 7 on the RQF, with most qualifications falling in the entry level to level 3 range. The range of vocational qualifications covers areas such as engineering technician, arts and craft, tradesman, health and social care, hairdressing, automotive maintenance, construction, and catering, but also more obscure subjects such as sheep shearing, DJing, flower

points that can count towards admission to university or college courses. The TechBac can be studied in eleven subjects: City & Guilds offers higher level qualifications in a wide range of subjects ranging from Professional Engineering, Engineering Technology, Management, Building Services Engineering to various levels of apprenticeships, for higher technicians, tradesman, Craft, Travel and Tourism. These qualifications consist of outcomes competencies based units, covering core, specialised, and key technical and management areas, which are assessed by means of examinations and written assignment. Higher Professional Diplomas (HPD) were a suite of awards at level 4 of the RQF for people who

have been designed in conjunction with professional engineering bodies to ensure that holders can apply for professional registration as an Incorporated Engineer (IEng) with the Graduate Diploma or Chartered Engineer (CEng) with the Postgraduate Diploma. Candidates for professional registration are considered individually through the normal assessment procedures of the relevant professional body for their specific discipline. The graduate and post graduate diplomas are offered in five areas: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic and telecommunication engineering, and information technology. These qualifications can lead to professional registration (IEng or CEng as appropriate) through the following three discipline-specific professional engineering institutions:

arranging and even door supervision (bouncer). The qualifications available include National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), most of which are offered at level 2 or 3, although City & Guilds offers NVQs up to Level 7. With 229 NVQs on the Register of Regulated Qualifications (as of November 2016), City & Guilds offers more different NVQs than any other organisation. City & Guilds launched the TechBac in 2014. This is a baccalaureate-style qualification aimed at 16–19-year-old and taking in qualifications in technical skills and workplace skills. It is available at level 2 and level 3, with the level 3 awards attracting UCAS

City & Guilds College Association. Established in 1897 as the Old Centralians, the Association adopted its current name in 1992. In 1953 the Associated Examinations Board (AEB) was established and administered by City & Guilds. 1964 saw the creation of the National Examining Board for Supervisory Management (NEBSM) as part of the City & Guilds group, specialising in qualifications for supervisors and junior managers. In 1973, the Technician Education Council (TEC) was created to unify technical education, eventually taking over the validation of courses in further and higher education. These courses led to Ordinary National Certificates and Diplomas (ONC/Ds) and

diploma level) of the Regulated Qualifications Framework, corresponding to the Licentiateship (LCGI), Affiliateship (AfCGI), Graduateship (GCGI) and Membership (MCGI) of the Institute. According to City and Guilds, the characteristics of someone gaining a Professional Recognition Award are: Licentiateship (LCGI): ""A level 4 Professional Recognition Award (Licentiateship) candidate would typically: Affiliateship (AfCGI): ""A level 5 Professional Recognition Award (Affiliateship) candidate would typically: Graduateship (GCGI): ""A level 6 Professional Recognition Award (Graduateship) candidate would typically: Membership (MCGI): ""A level 7 Professional Recognition Award (Membership) candidate would typically: City & Guilds offers graduate (level 6) and postgraduate (level 7) diplomas in engineering. These

Guild
many other towns and cities the UK including in Preston, Lancashire, as the Preston Guild Merchant where among other celebrations descendants of burgesses are still admitted into membership. With the City of London livery companies, the UK has over 300 extant guilds and growing. In 1878 the London livery companies established the City and Guilds of London Institute the forerunner of the engineering school (still called City and Guilds College) at Imperial College London. The aim of the City and Guilds of London Institute was the advancement of technical education. ""City and Guilds"" operates as an examining and accreditation body

"National Vocational Qualification"
the highest category NVQs of level 4. Membership (MCGI) is placed on NQF level 7, and Fellowship (FCGI) on level 8, compared by OFQUAL to NVQs of level 5. City & Guilds itself ties each NVQ to the level on the NQF with the same number. Both Graduateship (GCGI) and Associateship (ACGI) have been awarded, before the year 2004, at level 5 of NVQ. The NVQ Framework classifies the economy into the following areas: National Vocational Qualification National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) were work-based awards in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that are achieved through assessment and training. The regulatory framework

"Professional qualifications in the United Kingdom"
7 or above. The European directives specify five levels of professional qualification in the ""general system"", labelled a to e and approximately defined by their required academic training as: On this scale, ICTTech, EngTech and other technician qualifications equate to level c, IEng equates to level d, and CEng, CSci, etc. elite to level e. Although chartered statuses in science and engineering are placed at level e, in some fields chartered statuses, while remaining terminal professional qualifications in that field, are at level d (e.g. CMgr). These professions are government regulated and involve reserved activities rather than a reserved title.

Apprenticeship
for the administration of HNC and HND courses. The City and Guilds of London Institute the forerunner of Imperial College engineering school has been offering vocational education through apprenticeships since the 1870s from basic craft skills (mechanic, hairdresser, chef, plumbing, carpentry, bricklaying, etc.) all the way up to qualifications equivalent to university master's degrees and doctorates. The City and Guilds diploma of fellowship is awarded to individuals who are nationally recognised through peer review as having achieved the very highest level in competency-based achievement. The first award of FCGI was approved by Council in December 1892 and awarded in 1893

"Miami Dolphins"
Cincinnati. In 2009, the Dolphins switched to black shoes for the first time since the early 1970s glory days, following a recent trend among NFL teams. However, by 2011, they returned to wearing white shoes. The Dolphins' final game in the original style uniforms with block numbers and the iconic leaping dolphin logo was the final game of the 2012 season, a 28–0 shutout loss to the New England Patriots in Foxboro. The white jerseys were worn for the game, and as rumors of a new look had been swirling, many fans watching knew that it would likely be the

ground for an entire season, while the defense allowed only 171 points. Prior to the 1972 Dolphins, only the Chicago Bears, in 1934 and 1942, had finished an NFL regular season with no losses or ties. The 1934 team lost the NFL Championship Game that year to the New York Football Giants, and the 1942 team lost the Championship to the Redskins. The Cleveland Browns were undefeated in the 1948 All-America Football Conference season. The Dolphins finished 12–2 after the 1973 regular season and repeated as NFL champions, beating the Minnesota Vikings 24–7 in Super Bowl VIII at Rice Stadium

of their early history, the Dolphins were coached by Don Shula, the most successful head coach in professional football history in terms of total games won. Under Shula, the Dolphins posted losing records in only two of his 26 seasons as the head coach. During the period spanning 1983 to the end of 1999, quarterback Dan Marino became one of the most prolific passers in NFL history, breaking numerous league passing records. Marino led the Dolphins to five division titles, 10 playoff appearances and Super Bowl XIX before retiring following the 1999 season. In 2008, the Dolphins became the first

into the off-season looking for help at many positions. Despite the signings of Brandon Albert, Mike Wallace, Dannell Ellerbe, and a breakout season for Jelani Jenkins, the Dolphins finished the 2013 season at 8–8 and would have made the playoffs if not for a losing streak near the end of the season. After the 2013 season, general manager Jeff Ireland was fired. He was replaced by Dennis Hickey. After a 5–3 start, the Dolphins once again finished the 2014 season at 8–8 and missed the playoffs for a sixth consecutive season. In January 2015, the Dolphins hired former New York

losing to the Dallas Cowboys, 24–3. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season, culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of their regular season games, and all three of their playoff games, including Super Bowl VII. The 1972 Dolphins were the third NFL team to accomplish a perfect regular season, and won Super Bowl VIII, becoming the first team to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls, and the second team (the first AFL/AFC team) to win back-to-back championships. Miami also appeared in Super Bowl XVII and Super Bowl XIX, losing both games. For most

14 regular season games, two playoff games and Super Bowl VII, defeating the Washington Redskins 14–7. They finished the season 17–0, and are the only team to complete an undefeated season and win the NFL title. QB Bob Griese was victim to a broken leg and dislocated ankle in Week 5 versus the San Diego Chargers and was replaced by veteran Earl Morrall for the rest of the regular season, but returned to the field as a substitute during the AFC Championship game versus the Pittsburgh Steelers and then started in Super Bowl VII. The Dolphins set the NFL single-season

of a jersey number, Shula has the number 347, representing his record number of NFL coaching victories, 274 of them as Dolphins head coach. In 1992, at the 20 year anniversary, Miami's ""1972 Undefeated Team"" was enshrined into the Honor Roll. At the 40 year anniversary, which enshrined former defensive coordinator Bill Arnsparger into the Honor Roll, his name went on the Honor Roll where the ""1972 Undefeated Team"" inductee previously and originally was enshrined, and an updated ""1972 Perfect Season Team 17–0"" inductee was put into one corner of Hard Rock Stadium with special placards of Super Bowl VII

the Jacksonville Jaguars, 62–7 (the worst playoff loss was the Washington Redskins losing at home to the Chicago Bears 73–0 in the 1940 NFL Championship game). After the season, Jimmy Johnson left the team and Marino retired. Before the 2000 season, Dave Wannstedt, formerly of the Chicago Bears, became the new coach, and ex-Jacksonville Jaguars backup Jay Fiedler became the new quarterback, even though former Marino backup Damon Huard had been considered the favorite. Despite lowered expectations, the defense broke through with Jason Taylor and Trace Armstrong each getting 10 sacks, and four players (Sam Madison, Brian Walker, Brock Marion

21–14 at Oakland. The Dolphins were successful in the early 1970s, becoming the first team to advance to the AFC Championship for three consecutive seasons. They captured the AFC championship in 1971 behind quarterback Bob Griese, running backs Larry Csonka and Jim Kiick, and wide receiver Paul Warfield. The AFC Divisional Playoff Game, in which the Dolphins defeated the Kansas City Chiefs, was the longest contest in NFL history (82 minutes 40 seconds). In Super Bowl VI, however, Miami lost to the Dallas Cowboys 24–3. In 1972, the Dolphins completed the only fully undefeated season in the NFL, winning all

Marino's fake spike, Vinny Testaverde leading the Jets to a notable comeback on Monday Night Football, and former Jets quarterback Chad Pennington signing with the Dolphins and leading them to a divisional title. The two teams have also played in the 1982 AFC Championship, with Miami winning to face the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVII. The Dolphins originally played all home games in the Orange Bowl in Miami. They moved to the new Joe Robbie Stadium after the 1986 season. From 1993 to 2011, the Dolphins shared the stadium with Major League Baseball's Florida Marlins. The venue has had

(Alex Karev), Kelly McCreary (Maggie Pierce), Kevin McKidd (Owen Hunt) and James Pickens Jr. (Richard Webber). The six episodes in this series were written by Barbra Kaye Friend with ""Grey's Anatomy"" series regular Sarah Drew (April Kepner) making her directorial debut directing each of them. ""Grey's Anatomy"" episodes appear regularly on ABC in the United States. All episodes are approximately forty-three minutes, and are broadcast in both high-definition and standard. The series' episodes are also available for download at the iTunes Store in standard and high-definition qualities, and Amazon Video. ABC Video on demand also releases recent episodes of the

Grey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on ""Gray's Anatomy"", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along

changed from ""Grey's Anatomy"" to ""Complications"", although this did not take place. ""Grey's Anatomy"" is produced by ShondaLand, in association with The Mark Gordon Company, and ABC Studios (formerly Touchstone Television). Rhimes, Betsy Beers, Krista Vernoff, Mark Gordon, Rob Corn, and Mark Wilding have all served as executive producers throughout the course of the series. In subsequent seasons, Steve Mulholland, Kent Hodder, Nancy Bordson, James D. Parriott, and Peter Horton have also been executive producers, with Allan Heinberg joining the show in 2006 in this role. As of season eight, the executive producers were Rhimes, Beers, Gordon, Vernoff, Corn, Wilding,

the show has been described by the media outlets as a television ""phenomenon"" or a ""juggernaut"", owing to its longevity and dominant ratings. It is considered to have had a significant effect on popular culture and has received numerous awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama. It has received thirty-eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Outstanding Drama Series. The cast members have also received several accolades for their respective performances. ""Grey's Anatomy"" is the longest-running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC, the longest scripted primetime ABC show ever, and the second-longest primetime

Actor in a Drama Series. Numerous guest actresses have been nominated for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, including Burton in 2006 and 2007, Christina Ricci in 2006, Reaser in 2007, Diahann Carroll in 2008, and Sharon Lawrence in 2009, but the only actress to have won the award is Devine in 2011, who was nominated again in 2012. The show has also been nominated for thirteen Creative Arts Emmy Awards, having won three of them: Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series, Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic), and Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Miniseries, Movie or

2007 and 2011, based on cumulative totals, and has been for several years in a row. The most-watched episode of the series is ""It's the End of the World"", with 37.88 million viewers, aided by a lead-in from Super Bowl XL. ""Grey's Anatomy"" was the most expensive program on television in the 2007-08 season measured by advertising revenue, with earnings of US$400,000 per thirty seconds. The show was named the fourth (behind ""Desperate Housewives"", ""Two and a Half Men"", and ""American Idol""), and the fifth-highest (behind ""Glee"", ""Two and a Half Men"", ""The X Factor (U.S.)"" and ""American Idol"") revenue

"Crate & Barrel"
in July 2014. While a replacement was sought, Otto Group asked Segal to return as a consultant to bring back the original company culture and values in an attempt to increase sales and employee productivity and morale. Doug Diemoz, formerly with competitors Restoration Hardware and Williams-Sonoma, became CEO of Crate & Barrel on August 1, 2015. Doug Diemoz departed April 2017. It was announced Neela Montgomery would assume his role. Crate & Barrel offers a variety of ""upmarket"" housewares, furniture, and related merchandise. These are displayed in the ""vignette"" style, where items are grouped together as they might appear in

via a franchise agreement with Falabella (retail store). Crate opened its first store in San José, Costa Rica, inside Avenida Escazú mall. Barbara Turf, first hired in 1968, succeeded Gordon Segal as CEO of the company in May 2008. In November 2008, it was reported that sales for the prior year for the chain were $1.3 billion. Turf retired in 2012. Sascha Bopp was named to replace her. Due to lackluster performance during the 2013 holiday season, poor operational decisions regarding policies and staffing, and growing disenchantment from employees, Bopp was removed from his position and terminated from the company

Manhattan. After selling a majority stake to German mail order company the Otto Group in 1998, the company had financing to increase its rate of expansion. (Otto became the sole owner in 2011.) By 2002, it had grown to approximately 100 locations, and over 135 locations by late 2004. Crate & Barrel's flagship store, located in Chicago on Michigan Avenue in the ""Magnificent Mile"", closed in January 2018; the building will become a giant Starbucks coffee roastery and retail space. Today there are 90 Crate and Barrel Stores, including 8 outlets, in the United States and Canada. In September 2008,

whole idea and translated it into a reproducible formula."" In 1968, the Segals opened their second store in the Plaza del Lago shopping center in suburban Wilmette, Illinois, and third in Oak Brook, Illinois in 1971. Its first store outside the Chicago area opened in Boston in 1977. In 1979, it opened its second Cambridge, Massachusetts store in the building designed for the recently closed Design Research, which they had so admired. By 1985, the chain had grown to 17 stores, and has continued to grow. In March 1995, it opened its first New York location (its 59th location), in

Crate & Barrel Euromarket Designs, Inc. (d/b/a Crate & Barrel) is a 105+ chain of retail stores in US and Canada, based in Northbrook, Illinois, specializing in housewares, furniture (indoor and out), and home accessories. Its corporate name is Euromarket Designs, Inc. The company is wholly owned by Otto GmbH. Gordon and Carole Segal opened the first Crate & Barrel store on December 7, 1962, at age 23. The space in part of an old elevator factory was located at 1516 North Wells Street in the then-bohemian Old Town neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The inspiration was their honeymoon in the

"Darrell Crate"
Darrell Crate Darrell W. Crate (born 1967) is an American investor, private equity manager, and philanthropist. He served as the chief financial officer of Affiliated Managers Group. He is currently a managing principal of Easterly Capital, a private equity firm in Beverly, Massachusetts he founded in 2009. A native of New York City, Crate attended Bates College in Lewiston, Maine before attending Columbia Business School in New York City. After his career as an investment banker at Chase Manhattan Bank, he was hired as the managing director of Financial Institutions Group based in London. He was soon after asked to

online and in 40 stores starting March 7. Crate & Barrel Euromarket Designs, Inc. (d/b/a Crate & Barrel) is a 105+ chain of retail stores in US and Canada, based in Northbrook, Illinois, specializing in housewares, furniture (indoor and out), and home accessories. Its corporate name is Euromarket Designs, Inc. The company is wholly owned by Otto GmbH. Gordon and Carole Segal opened the first Crate & Barrel store on December 7, 1962, at age 23. The space in part of an old elevator factory was located at 1516 North Wells Street in the then-bohemian Old Town neighborhood of Chicago,

"J. Christopher Reyes"
have four children and live in Hobe Sound, Florida. In 2010, he bought a house with 44 acres in Aspen, Colorado for $47.5 million. J. Christopher Reyes Joseph Christopher Reyes (born 1953) is an American billionaire businessman, and the co-chairman, with his brother Jude Reyes, of Reyes Holdings, a beer and food distribution holding company, ranked by ""Forbes"" in 2017 as the 11th largest privately held company in the US. Reyes was born in 1953, the eldest son of Joseph A. Reyes and Frances ""Frannie"" Marie Reyes (nee Collins) (1925-2013). He has seven brothers and one sister, M. Jude Reyes,

Crate & Barrel opened its first location outside the United States, at Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A new two story building, similar to other newly opened stores in the U.S., was constructed. A second Canadian store, in Calgary, opened in October 2009. A third Canadian store opened in Mississauga, Ontario, on October 28, 2010, at Square One Shopping Centre. Further stores opened in 2011 in Edmonton, Alberta at Southgate Centre, another one in Spring 2012 at Carrefour Laval Shopping Centre in Laval, Quebec and another in Oakridge Centre mall in Vancouver, British Columbia in early 2013. Future

international expansion in Canada and possibly other countries is also reportedly planned. In the fall of 2009, the company reported plans to open two stores in Dubai in 2010 via a franchise agreement with Al Tayer Group. Crate & Barrel opened its first Asian store in Singapore in January 2013, occupying two floors at Ion Orchard. Crate & Barrel has two stores in Taiwan, one is in Taipei and the other in Taichung. Crate & Barrel opened its first store in Peru in 2015, and opened its first store in Colombia on December 2016 in Bogota- Parque La Colina Mall,

"Piñata"
the Piñata. As the word's Italian origin indicates, ""pignatta"" meaning ""earthenware cooking pot"", the Spanish initially used a plain clay container, before starting to decorate it with ribbons, tinsel and colored paper. The origin of the Italian word is thought to be linked to the Latin word ""pinea"", ""pine cone"". The European piñata tradition was brought to Mexico in the 16th century; however, there was a similar tradition in Mesoamerica already. The Mayan tradition was similar to the modern piñata tradition, including blindfolding the participant hitting the piñata. The Aztec tradition commemorated the birthday of Huitzilopochtli. Priests would decorate a

"Piñata"
in the shape of a cow or ox and used for the New Year. It was decorated with symbols and colors meant to produce a favorable climate for the coming growing season. It was filled with five types of seeds and then hit with sticks of various colors. After the piñata was broken, the remains were burned and the ashes kept for good luck. The tradition arrived in Europe in the 14th century where it was associated with the Christian celebration of Lent; in Spain, the first Sunday of Lent, ""Piñata Sunday"", became a celebration known as the Dance of

"Piñata"
clay pot with colorful feathers. When the pot was broken with a stick or club, the treasures inside would fall to the feet of the idol as an offering. According to local records, the piñata was first used for the purposes of evangelism in 1586, in Acolman, in the modern State of Mexico, just north of Mexico City. The Augustinian monks there modified European piñatas and created the Las Posadas tradition to co-opt the celebration of the birth of Huitzilopochtli, which was celebrated in mid December. The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against

"Piñata"
Piñata A piñata (, ) is a container often made of papier-mâché, pottery, or cloth; it is decorated, and filled with small toys or candy, or both, and then broken as part of a ceremony or celebration. Piñatas are commonly associated with Mexico. The idea of breaking a container filled with treats came to Europe in the 14th century, where the name, from the Italian ""pignatta"", was introduced. The Spanish brought the European tradition to Mexico, although there were similar traditions in Mesoamerica, such as the Aztecs' honoring the birthday of the god Huitzilopochtli in mid December. According to local

"Piñata"
records, the Mexican piñata tradition began in the town of Acolman, just north of Mexico City, where piñatas were introduced for catechism purposes as well as to co-opt the Huitzilopochtli ceremony. Today, the piñata is still part of Mexican culture, the cultures of other countries in Latin America, as well as the United States, but it has mostly lost its religious character. Although piñatas are uniquely thought of as a fun activity for parties nowadays, they have a long, rich history. There is some debate but it appears that their origin is not Spanish but Chinese. The Chinese version was

"Cartonería"
a place to stay before giving birth to Jesus. The piñata came to Mexico from Europe during the colonial period, although the practice of breaking a container with treats inside originated in Asia. In Mexico, the tradition is that of an old pot with decorations with seasonal fruit, candy and other prizes for children, with these children taking turns to try and break the piñatas while blindfolded. Today, most piñatas are made with cartonería and decorated with crepe paper and other items. The most traditional shape is that of a star with five to nine points. However, for other occasions,

"Ten-pin bowling"
were instrumental in fostering the game's popularity in America as they formed their own bowling clubs both before and after the American Civil War. The first indoor bowling alley was Knickerbockers of New York City, built in 1840, and had lanes made of baked clay. The Brunswick Corporation's addition of bowling equipment to their product line also served to increase the sport's popularity. In 1914, Brunswick replaced their line of wooden bowling balls, mostly made with lignum vitae, with hard rubber Mineralite bowling balls. The change was met with great approval. Since being brought to the United States from Europe,

of Narmer, one of the very first Egyptian pharaohs. Their discovery represents the earliest known historical trace of bowling. Others claim that bowling originated in Germany around , as part of a religious ritual in which people would roll stones at clubs (or ""kegels"") to absolve themselves of sins. A site in Southampton, England claims to be the oldest lawn bowling site still in operation, with records showing the game has been played on the green there since 1299. The first written reference to bowling dates to 1366, when King Edward III of England banned his troops from playing it

50-plus years in existence, but lobbying by numerous labor organizations and individuals after World War II, including Japanese-American Hiroto Hirashima, quickly led to a reversal of this policy. Bowling alleys built during this period often featured restaurants or nightclubs where locally or even nationally prominent entertainers would perform. In the 1948 movie ""Road House"", the title refers to a large bowling alley with a nightclub attached, where much of the action takes place. The film provides a good historical glance at bowling alleys of the era. This era also saw a great increase in bowling technology. Pins had previously been

"Piñata"
similar tradition in Denmark is slå katten af tønden (""hit the cat out of the barrel"") in which a wooden barrel is struck to release candy. In Catalonia, a Christmastide tradition known as ""fer cagar el tió"" (""making the log defecate"") is observed. A log is wrapped with a blanket several days in advance of Christmas and is ""fed"" grass. On Christmas Eve, the log is repeatedly struck with sticks in order to make the log ""defecate"". The blanket is then removed to reveal the gifts that have been ""expelled"" by the log. In Italy feasts with a game similar

"A (Pretty Little Liars)"
has been Mona Vanderwaal, the original leader and founder, CeCe Drake, the second leader, and Alex Drake, the final leader. Alex's team is also referred to as the ""A.D.-Team"". Sara was the right-hand woman to Charlotte and also revealed as an A-Team member halfway throughout the sixth season. Sara is revealed as a Red Coat and the Black Widow, hired to pose as a decoy whenever Charlotte couldn't sport the Red Coat disguise. She then became Charlotte's friend and ally in the ""A"" game and assisted her in most of her schemes. Sara was allegedly diagnosed with Stockholm Syndrome following

"Head Office"
she meets to get ahead in what she sees as a man's world. Unsure of his abilities, and often incompetent, Jack can't figure out why he keeps getting promoted. Could it have something to do with his father (George Coe) being an influential (but corrupt) Senator? Among the numerous subplots, Jack meets and falls in love with a young woman named Rachel (Lori-Nan Engler), who turns out to be the radical, left-wing daughter of the ruthless chairman of the board and CEO, Pete Helmes (Eddie Albert), who is revealed to be promoting Jack so he can gain Jack's father, Senator

dealing with the protagonists; it often calls them as ""bitches"", ""dolls"" and ""liars"". Its handling and acts of terrorism caused great psychological and emotional damage to the protagonists, even leading them to be hospitalized. After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original ""A"", she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the ""A-Team"". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second ""A"", Red Coat, and the leader

buttoned up chief financial officer Scott Dantley (Michael O'Donoghue) and the chief operating officer Bob Nixon (Ron Frazier), in fact, show him first-hand how to cheat and blackmail one's way to the top. Jack is further aided by his personnel officer Max Landsberger (Richard Masur) who tells Jack that money and power come before people in the corporate world. Jack's supervisor and the public relations vice president, Jane Caldwell (Jane Seymour), also tells Jack exactly the same thing as Jack learns that Jane is a shady vixen who's hell-bent on sleeping her way to the top by seducing every man

saying that she is transgender, was formerly known as Charles DiLaurentis, and became 'A' because the Liars were happy that Alison was gone. She worked with Sara Harvey, who was the Black Widow and a decoy Red Coat, and was also responsible for the ""death"" of Alison and the death of Wilden, and after telling her story, she attempts suicide by jumping off Radley but is stopped. She is admitted to Welby State and her reign as ""A"" finally ends and stays in the psychiatric hospital for five years. When she is released, Charlotte is murdered by Mona Vanderwaal and

"Head of the Family"
truck and into their house. Seeing this as an opportunity, Lance discovers the Stackpools terrible secret. They are quintuplets but instead of being born as a normal human, they each have one of the traits of one human being: One is extremely strong; one has extremely well-developed senses; one is extremely attractive (Alexandria Quinn); and, one is extremely intelligent. The whole family is run by the one who has super intelligence, the 'head of the family' from the title, Myron (J.W. Perra). Little more than a giant head with hands in a wheelchair, Myron psychically controls his other siblings, but

of the ""A-Team"" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as ""A.D."", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, ""A.D."" reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer. ""A"" makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves, a black hoodie, black pants, and black combat boots. Throughout the seasons, the story

acted as the leader of the A-Team, recruiting minions to do her biding whilst also concealing her identity from them as Red Coat. Following the events from ""A dAngerous gAme"", the group disbanded and her schemes were from then on primarily assisted by a single ally, later divulged to be Sara Harvey. During the fourth-season episode ""Now You See Me, Now You Don't"", CeCe is revealed to be Red Coat. In the sixth-season episode ""Game Over, Charles"", Drake unmasked herself as Big ""A"", and revealed that she was born male and underwent gender reassignment surgery. In the following episode ""Of

her death causes the birth of ""A.D."", the new Uber A. After her death, it is revealed that Noel Kahn and Jenna Marshall were also working for Charlotte. It is also revealed that her birth mother is Jessica's twin, Mary Drake, and her birth father is Ted Wilson, while Spencer is her sister. The series finale reveals that ""A.D."" is her sister and Spencer's twin, Alex Drake, whom Charlotte met after boarding the plane to France. She and Alex become very close after meeting, until Charlotte returned to Rosewood to play the game some more. Alex reveals that Charlotte never

"Pretty Little Liars"
and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also mentioning the casting of Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal. On January 27, 2010, ABC Family picked up the series for 10 episodes, set to premiere in June 2010. In April 2010, the role of Aria's father Byron was recast with Chad Lowe, and Holly Marie Combs was cast as Aria's mother Ella. Jenna Marshall is played by Tammin Sursok. On January 7, 2011, Tilky Jones was cast as Logan Reed. On April 8, 2011, Annabeth Gish was cast for the role of Anne Sullivan, a therapist who tries to find out the main

"Monarch High School (Colorado)"
Monarch High School (Colorado) Monarch High School (MHS) is a secondary school located in Louisville, Colorado, and is part of the Boulder Valley School District. The school was named a John Irwin School of Excellence for the 2004-2005 school year. In 2007, Monarch was named the Sixth Best High School in the Denver Metro Area by ""5280 Magazine"". As of 2015, ""Newsweek"" magazine ranked the high school 356th in the US, out of the top 500. Monarch High School opened in 1998 to relieve overcrowding at Centaurus High School, drawing students from the east Boulder County towns of Louisville and

Drumline State Champions (2004)<br> Drumline State Champions (2008)<br> Drumline State Champions (2010)<br> Drumline State Champions (2011)<br> Drumline State Champions (2012)<br> Drumline State Champions (2013)<br> Hip-Hop State Champions (2012, 2015, 2016) <br> Girls' cross country (2011, 2012) <br> Football (2002) - def. Golden 42-35 Football (2012) - def. Denver South 17-14 Anthony Ferrera (2003) - wrestling - def. Jason Still of Gateway dec. 4-3, 275 lb division Geoff Meng (2006) - wrestling - def. Kyle O'Brien of Rocky Mountain in fall 3:33, 110 lb division Ultimate Frisbee Mixed Division Champions (2008) - def. Heritage 13-11 Ultimate Frisbee Mixed Division Champions (2010)

"The Monarch School"
The Monarch School The Monarch School is a combined primary and secondary school headquartered in Spring Branch, Houston, Texas. Monarch serves children with neurological disorders and learning disabilities, including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and epilepsy. Monarch opened in September 1998 with twenty-three students. Monarch now serves grades kindergarten through 12th grade. Young adults are also served through the Monarch post-graduate program and through a community-based, school-sponsored supportive living program. In 1997 the school was founded and opened for classes in the northern hemisphere fall of 1998. In 2001 the school opened its Challenger Campus. The

"Monarch High School (Florida)"
Monarch High School (Florida) Monarch High School (MHS) is a public high school located in Coconut Creek, Florida. Monarch is a part of the Broward County Public Schools system, and serves neighborhoods in: Coconut Creek, Deerfield Beach, Margate, and Pompano Beach. Monarch had an FCAT school grade of ""C"" for the 2017-2018 academic year. The pair of buildings that make up the school were designed by the Miami architectural firm Zyscovitch on a design and build basis. Building four, which houses the gym, cafeteria, and numerous classrooms, has the ability to be utilized as a hurricane shelter if necessary. The

(NHS) and JROTC. Advanced Placement classes are offered also. Monarch students presently attend school from 7:40 AM to 2:40 PM, Monday through Friday on Block schedule. The current schedule requires students to attend four classes out of eight each day and a 40-minute lunch period each day with a eight-minute passing period between each class. The school has an online gradebook which allows students to check their grades from any computer connected to the internet. Other information, such as absences and missing assignments, can also be viewed. 2015 Academic Indicators College Readiness Index 22.6 Mathematics Proficiency 2.7 Reading Proficiency 2.8

DECA and FBLA chapters. In 2010, Monarch Thespians won the national championship. The drama department stages up to four performances annually. These four performances include the full-length Fall play, a spring musical in which the entire performing arts department collaborates on very large productions, as well as a weekend of student-directed one-act plays and scenes, and outreach performances of a children's show to the local middle schools. The Monarch marching band has nearly 200 members. Drumline has earned six (2004, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) state championships. Monarch sponsors three jazz bands, the most advanced of which placed second in

Louisville. Louisville has been ranked as the best small city to live in the United States by ""Money"" magazine. Highlights: In 2011, Monarch won the Girls' 5A Cross Country championship. That same year Kirk Webb won the boy's individual Cross Country championship. The following year, 2012, the girls' cross country team successfully defended its state cross country championship. In 2002, Monarch won the Class 4A State Football Championship by defeating the Golden High School Demons, 42-35. Since 2001, Monarch has produced All-American, professional, and multiple NCAA division I, II, and III student athletes. State Champions: Men's Volleyball State Champions (2002)

13-9 Third-place teams: In 2010, the Varsity Cheer team placed 3rd in the 5A Colorado State competition held by CHSAA. Varsity Cheer coach Cathy Greene was awarded the 2010 Colorado Spirit Coaches Association (CSCA) Cheer Coach of the Year. Each year Monarch students garner more than $6 million in scholarships. Nearly 95% of Monarch graduates pursue 2-year or 4-year degree programs in secondary education. The school has had national award winners in forensics, art, robotics, mathematics, science and world language, and has a widely recognized Thespian Troupe. In 2004, the Colorado High School Press Association awarded Monarch High's 5A Yearbook

Superior. Monarch's first graduating class graduated in 2001 and was also the class to decide on the coyotes as Monarch's mascot. Monarch High School is named after Monarch Mine #2 which is located under part of the campus. Monarch was originally a closed-campus, but as the population of the school grew, the school became an open campus for upperclassmen. Each high school in Boulder Valley School District has an emphasis; when opened, Monarch's emphasis was as the technology school and today has expanded to be a business/technology school. Monarch High School is located east of Boulder, in the town of

in 2004. The clinics were established to provide services to students of the school and to the community at large. Services include: The Monarch School requires its students to wear school uniforms. Currently the uniform is a white or dark green shirt with the Monarch symbol over the left breast, and beige pants or shorts. The Monarch School The Monarch School is a combined primary and secondary school headquartered in Spring Branch, Houston, Texas. Monarch serves children with neurological disorders and learning disabilities, including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and epilepsy. Monarch opened in September 1998

"Romancing the Stone"
Romancing the Stone Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American romantic comedy-adventure film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Diane Thomas. The film stars Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito, and was followed by a 1985 sequel titled ""The Jewel of the Nile"". ""Romancing the Stone"" earned over $86 million worldwide at the box office. It also helped launch Turner to stardom, reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man, and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success. Joan Wilder is a successful but lonely romance novelist in New York City whose editor believes she is waiting

in recent years. Since 2007, 20th Century Fox considered a remake of ""Romancing the Stone"" with the possibility of a ""reboot"" of a series. The roles of Jack Colton and Joan Wilder would be filled by Taylor Kitsch (or Gerard Butler) and Katherine Heigl. By 2011, the remake was re-worked as a television series. Romancing the Stone Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American romantic comedy-adventure film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Diane Thomas. The film stars Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito, and was followed by a 1985 sequel titled ""The Jewel of the Nile"". ""Romancing

named the ""Angelina"", after the heroine of Joan's novels, and wearing boots made from the crocodile's skin. He explains the crocodile died from ingesting the emerald and he had sold it, using the money to buy the boat of his dreams. They go off together, planning to sail around the world. Sylvester Stallone was originally considered for the role of Jack T. Colton. Filming locations for ""Romancing the Stone"" included Veracruz, Mexico (Fort of San Juan de Ulúa); and Huasca de Ocampo, Mexico. Parts of the film were also shot in Snow Canyon, Utah. The scene where Turner and Douglas

the helm but with Douglas, Turner and DeVito all returning. Another sequel, called ""The Crimson Eagle"", never made it past the development stage. This planned yet un-produced sequel would have seen Jack Colton and his partner Joan Wilder take their two teenage children to Thailand where they would find themselves blackmailed into stealing a priceless statue. DeVito reunited Douglas, Turner, and himself in his 1989 film ""The War of the Roses"". In 2005 and again in 2008, Michael Douglas was working on a second sequel to ""Romancing the Stone"" entitled ""Racing the Monsoon"", although there have been no further developments

"Diane Thomas"
Diane Thomas Diane Renee Thomas (January 7, 1946 – October 21, 1985) was an American screenwriter. She was working as a waitress while writing scripts and then had the opportunity to pitch the script for ""Romancing the Stone"" to customer Michael Douglas who then bought, produced, and starred in the film with Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito. She was born January 7, 1946 in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Her family moved to Long Beach, California when she was 12 years old. She attended the University of Southern California and majored in business. Then, according to her obituary, ""She worked as

the UCLA Extension Writers' Program created the Diane Thomas Screenwriting Awards in her honor. Original judges included Steven Spielberg, Michael Douglas, James Brooks and Kathleen Kennedy. Diane Thomas Diane Renee Thomas (January 7, 1946 – October 21, 1985) was an American screenwriter. She was working as a waitress while writing scripts and then had the opportunity to pitch the script for ""Romancing the Stone"" to customer Michael Douglas who then bought, produced, and starred in the film with Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito. She was born January 7, 1946 in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Her family moved to Long Beach,

"Michael Douglas"
of San Francisco"" in 1976, Douglas went on to produce films including ""The China Syndrome"" (1979) and ""Romancing the Stone"" (1984). He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy for ""Romancing the Stone"", in which he also starred, thus reintroducing himself to audiences as a capable leading man. After reprising his ""Romancing the Stone"" role as Jack Colton in the 1985 sequel ""The Jewel of the Nile"", which he also produced, and along with appearing in the musical ""A Chorus Line"" (1985) and the psychological thriller ""Fatal Attraction"" (1987), Douglas received widespread acclaim for

"The Family Stone"
The Family Stone The Family Stone is a 2005 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Thomas Bezucha. Produced by Michael London and distributed by 20th Century Fox, it stars an ensemble cast, including Diane Keaton, Craig T. Nelson, Dermot Mulroney, Sarah Jessica Parker, Luke Wilson, Claire Danes, Rachel McAdams, and Tyrone Giordano. The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. Overwhelmed by the

"Stone of Destiny (film)"
Stone of Destiny (film) Stone of Destiny is a 2008 Scottish-Canadian historical adventure/comedy film written and directed by Charles Martin Smith and starring Charlie Cox, Billy Boyd, Robert Carlyle, and Kate Mara. Based on real events, the film tells the story of the removal of the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey. The stone, supposedly the Stone of Jacob over which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned at Scone in Perthshire, was stolen by King Edward I of England in 1296 and placed under the throne at Westminster Abbey in London. In 1950, a group of Scottish nationalist students succeeded in

"Stone (2010 film)"
Stone (2010 film) Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich. Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan. It was the final film to be released by Overture Films. The film's score was composed and conducted by Cliff Eidelman. Parole officer Jack Mabry (Robert De Niro) has only a few weeks left before retirement and wishes to finish out the cases he's been assigned. One such case is that of Gerald ""Stone"" Creeson (Edward Norton), a convicted arsonist who is up for parole.

Eragon
left with no reason to stay in Carvahall, so he goes after the Ra'zac with his newly hatched dragon, seeking vengeance for the destruction of his home and his uncle's death. He is accompanied by Brom, who provides Eragon with the sword Zar'roc and insists on helping him and Saphira. Eragon becomes a Dragon Rider, an ancient warrior charged with promoting peace in Alagaësia, through his bond with Saphira. He is the only known Rider in Alagaësia other than King Galbatorix, who, with the help of the now-dead Forsworn, a group of thirteen dragon riders loyal to Galbatorix, killed every

"Eragon (film)"
including Arya, an old man named Brom, and Galbatorix himself. Eragon shelters and feeds the dragon then teaches her to fly and she magically grows to full size. She speaks to him through their thoughts and calls herself Saphira. When they are out, Durza's monstrous minions, the Ra'zac, arrive at the village to look for the dragon and the rider, killing Eragon's uncle in the process. Blaming Saphira for his uncle's death, Eragon sends her away. Brom shows up, takes Eragon away from the village, warns him of Saphira's importance, and urges him to call her back. Eragon calls Saphira

the planned franchise was cancelled. Arya, elf princess of Ellesméra, flees with a strange stone, pursued by Durza, a dark sorcerer under king Galbatorix. When Durza corners Arya, she uses magic to send the stone away. Eragon, a farm boy living in the country of Alagaësia with his uncle, is hunting for food when he witnesses the stone appearing. Hoping to trade it for food, Eragon brings the stone home, and finds a blue dragon hatching from it. As he touches the dragon, a magical mark is burned into his palm. A few people are shown reacting to this incident,

Eragon
believes to be a stone, appear in front of him. A few months later, Eragon witnesses a baby dragon hatch from the egg. Eragon names the dragon Saphira, after a name the old village storyteller Brom mentions. He raises the dragon in secret until two of King Galbatorix's servants, the Ra'zac, come to Carvahall; though it is later revealed that they weren't looking for the egg at first. Eragon and Saphira manage to escape by hiding in the Spine, but Garrow is fatally wounded and the house and farm are burned down by the Ra'zac. Once Garrow dies, Eragon is

Eragon
the story of a farm boy named Eragon, who finds a mysterious stone in the mountains. Not knowing the stone's origin or worth, he attempts to use it as payment to a butcher. A dragon he later names Saphira hatches from the stone, which was really an egg. When the evil King Galbatorix finds out the general location of the egg he sends the Ra'zac to acquire it. By that time Saphira had been growing for a while and takes Eragon to the Spine after Ra'zac appear in their village, Carvahall. Eragon and Saphira are forced to flee from their

Eragon
species, in ""close mental contact"" with a human. ""I considered making the dragon more dragon-like, if you will, in its own society, but I haven't had a chance to explore that. I went with a more human element with Saphira while still trying to get a bit of the magic, the alien, of her race."" Paolini made Saphira the ""best friend anyone could have: loyal, funny, brave, intelligent, and noble. She transcended that, however, and became her own person, fiercely independent and proud."" Saphira's blue tinted vision was in turn inspired by Paolini's own color-blindness. Paolini added in archetypal elements

Eragon
of three elves. After he and the urgals kill the other elves, Durza attempts to steal an egg carried by one of the female elves, but is foiled when she causes it to vanish. Infuriated, he renders her unconscious with a ball of fire and abducts her. Eragon is a fifteen-year-old boy who has lived with his uncle Garrow and cousin Roran on a farm near the village of Carvahall, ever since his mother Selena, Garrow's sister, left him there right after his birth. While hunting in the Spine, Eragon is surprised to see the blue dragon egg, which he

Eragon
was traveling. He then started to get history and plot ideas from seeing the landscape depicted. Paolini chose to have Eragon mature throughout the book because, ""for one thing, it's one of the archetypal fantasy elements"". He thought Eragon's growth and maturation throughout the book ""sort of mirrored my own growing abilities as a writer and as a person, too. So it was a very personal choice for that book."" Eragon's dragon, Saphira, was imagined as ""the perfect friend"" by Paolini. He decided to go in a more ""human direction"" with her because she is raised away from her own

strain. The following morning, Eragon awakes with Murtagh at his side. He fears Saphira may be dead but finds her fully healed. They catch up with Arya, who is on her way to Ellesméra to lead the elves in the coming war against Galbatorix's revenge. She calls Eragon ""The great Shadeslayer"" and they part ways promising they'll meet again. Meanwhile, in his castle, a furious Galbatorix slashes at his hanging map of Alagaesia, revealing his immense pitch black dragon, Shruikan. Plans to create a film based on Christopher Paolini's best-selling novel were first announced in February 2004. 20th Century Fox

Eragon
that night, their camp is ambushed by the Ra'zac. A stranger named Murtagh rescues them, but Brom is gravely injured. Saphira watches over Brom as the night progresses, yet when morning comes they realize there is nothing they can do to save him. Brom gives Eragon his blessing, reveals that he was also once a Dragon Rider and that his dragon's name was Saphira, and dies. Saphira then encases Brom in a tomb made of a diamond. Murtagh becomes Eragon's new companion and they travel to the city Gil'ead to find information on how to find the Varden, a group

"La Liga"
before Philippe Coutinho's transfer to Barcelona for €142m in 2018. Boldface indicates a player still active in La Liga. La Liga The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known as La Liga (La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander), is the men's top professional football division of the Spanish football league system. Administered by the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (English: National Professional Football League), also known as the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), La Liga is contested by 20 teams, with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two

"La Liga"
La Liga The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known as La Liga (La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander), is the men's top professional football division of the Spanish football league system. Administered by the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (English: National Professional Football League), also known as the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), La Liga is contested by 20 teams, with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off. 62 teams have competed in La Liga since its

Brexit
Brexit Brexit ( or ), a portmanteau of """"British exit"""", is the impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). It follows the referendum of 23 June 2016 when 51.9 per cent of those who voted supported withdrawal. Withdrawal has been advocated by Eurosceptics, both left-wing and right-wing, while Pro-Europeanists (or European Unionists), who also span the political spectrum, have advocated continued membership. The UK joined the European Communities (EC) in 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath, with continued membership endorsed by a referendum in 1975. In the 1970s and 1980s, withdrawal from the

"Withdrawal from the European Union"
of their intention to withdraw during the negotiation period while their country is still a Member of the European Union. However, the President of the European Council said to the European Parliament on 24 October 2017 that “deal, no deal or no Brexit” is up to Britain. Indeed, the prevailing legal opinion among EU law experts and the EU institutions themselves is that a member state intending to leave may change its mind, as an “intention” is not yet a deed and intentions can change before the deed is done. Until the Scottish Government did so in late 2018, the

Withdrawal from the European Union Withdrawal from the European Union is the legal and political process whereby an EU member state ceases to be a member of the Union. Under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), ""Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements"". No member state has as of yet withdrawn from the EU (or the EC); however, the Government of the United Kingdom triggered Article 50 to begin the UK's withdrawal from the EU in March 2017 following a referendum, and the withdrawal is scheduled to

on its membership of the European Union was held in 2016, with 51.9% of participants voting to leave. The UK formally notified the European Council of its decision to leave on 29 March 2017 initiating the formal withdrawal procedure for leaving the EU, committing the UK to leave the EU on 29 March 2019. The following timeline illustrates the integration that has led to the formation of the present union, in terms of structural development driven by international treaties: , the population of the European Union was about 510.1 million people (6.9% of the world population). In 2015, 5.1 million

as the European Communities were the Inner Six: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The Communities and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations, the United Kingdom signified the intention to leave after a membership referendum in June 2016 and is negotiating its withdrawal on 29 March

occur on 29 March 2019. Three territories of EU member states have withdrawn: French Algeria (in 1962, upon independence), Greenland (in 1985, following a referendum) and Saint Barthélemy (in 2012), the latter two becoming Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union. Article 50, which allows a member state to withdraw, was originally drafted by Scottish cross-bench peer and former diplomat Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, the secretary-general of the European Convention, which drafted the Constitutional Treaty for the European Union. Following the failure of the ratification process for the European Constitution, the clause was incorporated into the Treaty of Lisbon

which entered into force in 2009. Prior to this, no provision in the treaties or law of the EU outlined the ability of a state to voluntarily withdraw from the EU. The absence of such a provision made withdrawal technically difficult but not impossible. Legally there were two interpretations of whether a state could leave. The first, that sovereign states have a right to withdraw from their international commitments; and the second, the treaties are for an unlimited period, with no provision for withdrawal and calling for an ""ever closer union"" – such commitment to unification is incompatible with a

"Opt-outs in the European Union"
Conference followed on 16 May, and the protocol was signed by all states of the European Union between that date and 13 June 2012. The protocol was planned to take effect from 1 July 2013, provided that all member states had ratified the agreement by then, but it only entered into force on 1 December 2014. The Major ministry negotiated a United Kingdom opt-out from the Social Chapter of the Maastricht Treaty before it was signed in 1992. The Blair ministry abolished this opt-out immediately after coming to power in the 1997 general election. Following the announcement by the government

"History of the European Union"
A proposed constitutional treaty was signed by plenipotentiaries from EU member states on 28 October 2004. The document was ratified in most member states, including two positive referendums. The referendums that were held in France and the Netherlands failed however, killing off the treaty. The European Council agreed that the constitution proposal would be abandoned, but most of its changes would be retained in an amending treaty. On 13 December 2007 the treaty was signed, containing opt-outs for the more eurosceptic members and no state-like elements. The Lisbon treaty finally came into force on 1 December 2009. It created the

"European Communities Act 1972 (UK)"
Act is also one of the most significant UK constitutional statutes ever passed. The act has been significantly amended from its original form, incorporating the changes wrought by the Single European Act, the Maastricht Treaty, the Amsterdam Treaty, the Nice Treaty, and the Treaty of Lisbon. On 13 July 2017, the then Brexit Secretary, David Davis, introduced what became the European Union (Withdrawal) Act to Parliament which, as enacted, makes provision for repealing the 1972 Act on ""exit day"", defined as 29 March 2019 (at 11 pm). When the European Communities (EC) came into being in 1958, the UK chose

who issued ashwamedha coins after performing ashvamedha sacrifice

Ashvamedha
horse sacrifice. For example, according to the ""Mahabharata"", Emperor Bharata performed a hundred Ashvamedha ceremonies on the banks of Yamuna, three hundred on the banks of Saraswati and four hundred on the banks of the Ganga. He again performed a thousand Ashvamedha on different locations and a hundred Rajasuya. Following the vast empires ruled by the Gupta and Chalukya dynasties, the practice of the sacrifice diminished remarkably. The historical performers of Ashvamedha include: The Udayendiram inscription of the 8th century Pallava king Nandivarman II (alias Pallavamalla) states that his general Udayachandra defeated the Nishada ruler Prithvivyaghra, who, ""desiring to become

Ashvamedha The Ashvamedha (Sanskrit: ""aśvamedhá"") is a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion. It was used by ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty: a horse accompanied by the king's warriors would be released to wander for a period of one year. In the territory traversed by the horse, any rival could dispute the king's authority by challenging the warriors accompanying it. After one year, if no enemy had managed to kill or capture the horse, the animal would be guided back to the king's capital. It would be then sacrificed, and the king

Samudragupta
the Allahabad Pillar inscription was posthumous, and was issued during the reign of Chandragupta II, but modern scholars disagree with this theory. Two other records are attributed to Samudragupta's reign, but the genuineness of these records is disputed: Both these inscriptions state that they were written at the order of the Gupta officer Gopaswamin. Like the Mathura stone inscription of Chandragupta II, these records describe Samudragupta as the ""restorer of the Ashvamedha sacrifice"". It seems suspicious that records issued so early in Samudragupta's reign mention this claim, which does not appear in the later Allahabad Pillar inscription. One possibility is

the ceremony, as the pangyerics of the sacrificer were an essential part of the Ashvamedha ceremony. It is possible that its first four lines, which are now lost, contained a reference to the ceremony. Samudragupta's coins depict him as a man of tall stature and muscular physique. The Allahabd Pillar inscription presents Samudragupta as a compassionate ruler, stating that his ""mind was engaged in providing relief to the low, the poor, the helpless, and the afflicted"". It also mentions that he reinstated many royal families which had lost their kingdoms, including the kings defeated by him. At the same time,

ceremony performed by Bharashiva, Vakataka, and other near-contemporary kings was ""more of a religious nature"", while Samudragupta's ceremony actually involved proving his imperial sovereignty. Similarly, scholars such as S. K. Aiyangar and D. R. Bhandarkar, theorize that unlike the other kings, Samudragupta performed a ""full-fledged"" Ashvamedha ceremony. Others, such as V. S. Pathak and Jagannath Agrawal, interpret the verse to mean that Samudragupta performed the horse-sacrifice that lasted for a long-time. The surviving verses of Samudragupta's own Allahabad Pillar inscription do not mention the Ashvamedha ceremony. According to one theory, this inscription was put up to mark the beginning of

Buddhism, and permitted the construction of a Buddhist monastery commissioned by the Anuradhapura king Meghavarna at Bodh Gaya in his territory. The Allahabad Pillar inscription states that Samudragupta was engaged in the performance of the Brahmanical ceremonies of Sattra (Soma sacrifices) and Diksha. It describes him as ""the giver of many hundreds of thousands of cows"". The Mathura stone inscription of his son Chandragupta II also describes him as the giver of ""millions of cows and gold"". It appears that Samudragupta donated these cows to the Brahmins who officiated his Sattra and Diksha ceremonies. The Eran inscription states that Samudragupta

Brahmanical culture. While others such has Manohar L. Varadpande, praised the ritual as ""social occasions of great magnitude"". Rick F. Talbott writes that ""Mircea Eliade treated the Ashvamedha as a rite having a cosmogonic structure which both regenerated the entire cosmos and reestablished every social order during its performance."" Ashvamedha The Ashvamedha (Sanskrit: ""aśvamedhá"") is a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion. It was used by ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty: a horse accompanied by the king's warriors would be released to wander for a period of one year. In the territory

in abeyance"" (Smith's translation). This claim also appears in the inscriptions of the subsequent Gupta kings, as well as the spurious Gaya and Nalanda inscriptions attributed to Samudragupta. However, several kings including those from Bharashiva, Vakataka, Shalankayana, and Pallava dynasties had had performed Ashvamedha in the preceding years. Different scholars have attempted to explain this anamoly in different ways: H. C. Raychaudhuri suggests that the Gupta court poet did not know about these kings. According to R. C. Majumdar, Samudragupta was the first king several centuries to perform the sacrifice in the Magadha region. Majumdar also theorizes that the Ashvamedha

surpassed Prithu, Raghava and other legendary kings in giving gold. The Allahabad Pillar inscription alludes to his divine kingship, comparing him to the ""Parama Purusha"" (supreme being), and also with deities such as Dhanada (Kubera), Varuna, Indra, and Antaka (Yama). The Eran inscription states that he was equal to Kubera and Yama in pleasure and anger respectively. The Mathura stone inscription similarly describes him as equal to the deities Kubera, Varuna, Indra, and Yama. Samudragupta performed the Ashvamedha ritual (horse sacrifice), which was used by the ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty, and issued gold coins (see Coinage

"Vakpati Munja"
plate of Munja's predecessor Siyaka, as the ""dapaka"" (the officer-in-charge of registering the grants). This inscription, discovered in Ujjain, was issued in 980 CE (1036 VS). The inscription states that it was issued by Vakpati-raja-deva alias Amoghavarsha, whose title it gives as ""Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara"". Like the Dharampuri grant, this inscription also begins with shlokas, followed by Munja's genealogy. The main objective of the inscription is to record the repairs to a temple of the goddess Bhatteshvari (identified with Harsidhhi). The name of the ""dapaka"" is given as Rudraditya, followed by the sign-manual of the king. The inscription states that

"U.S. of Ant"
U.S. of Ant U.S. of ANT is a gay-and travel-themed series aired by Logo. Hosted by actor and comedian ANT, the series follows him as he travels to small-town American destinations, speaking with gay, bisexual and straight residents of various communities to learn about the spirit and aspects of LGBT life away from a metropolitan setting. The series premiered in the summer of 2006. In its first season, ANT traveled to such diverse locales as Montana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Alabama, New Hampshire, Texas and Florida. Full episodes of ""U.S. of ANT"" may be viewed for free at its official Logo

"United States (TV series)"
sexual misunderstandings. ""United States"" focused on Richard and Libby Chapin, an upwardly mobile couple who lived in a Los Angeles suburb, Woodland Hills. Beau Bridges played Richard, and Helen Shaver played Libby. Gelbart reverted to black-and-white script for the show's titles. He said that was to convey the mood of ""a sophisticated '30s film."" Gelbart also avoided use of background music and a laugh track. Scripts featured dialogue such as, ""Just for once I'd like to be treated like a friend instead of a husband,"" and ""Maybe you and Bob can go out and get yourselves one redhead with two

"In America (film)"
of near-dire consequences for the family as they try to survive in New York. After finding the apartment, Sarah gets a job in the local ice cream parlor to support the family while Johnny auditions for any role for which he is suited, with no success. Despite their poverty, the initial joy of being in the United States and the closeness of the family gives them the energy to make the most of what they have, and Christy chronicles the events of their life with a cherished camcorder. As money runs low and the city's temperatures soar, the family dip

"The Secret Life of Us"
(TV3), Ireland (RTÉ Two), Canada (SuperChannel3), the Netherlands (Yorin), France (Canal Plus, France 4), Estonia (ETV, Kanal 11), Norway (NRK), Serbia (B92, TV Avala), Russia (TNT, Muz TV), Israel (Channel 2), and United States (Hulu). The show revolves around a group of friends in their mid twenties to early thirties who live in a St Kilda block of flats (the actual block is 14A Acland Street and the rooftop is at the Belvedere Flats on the Esplanade). Their interaction with one another, relationships with other friends and romantic interests, along with their personal and career development, are featured. Initially, the

in which regions are most of africa petroleum and natural gas found

"Natural resources of Africa"
continent."" African oil takes growing importance, mainly after the 2015 oil crisis and recent oil reserves discoveries. Sudan and Nigeria are two of the main oil producers. China owns 40% of Congo's oil production. Oil is provided by both continental and offshore productions. Sudan's oil exports in 2010 are estimated by the United States Department of State at $9 billion with United States dollars. Five countries dominate Africa's upstream oil production. Together they account for 85% of the continent's oil production and are, in order of decreasing output, Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt and Angola. Other oil producing countries are Gabon,

been the focus of an intense race for oil by the West, China, India, and other emerging economies, even though it holds only 10% of proven oil reserves, less than the Middle East. This race has been referred to as the second Scramble for Africa. All reasons for this global scramble come from the reserves' economic benefits. Transportation cost is low and no pipelines have to be laid as in Central Asia. Almost all reserves are offshore, so political turmoil within the host country will not directly interfere with operations. Sub-Saharan oil is viscous, with a very low sulfur content.

Congo, Cameroon, Tunisia, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire and more recently, Ghana. Exploration is taking place in a number of other countries that aim to increase their output or become first time producers. Included in this list are Chad, Sudan, Namibia, South Africa and Madagascar while Mozambique and Tanzania are potential oil producers. Ore resources in Africa are abundant, and extremely more so nowadays as other continents are beginning to face depletion of resources. The copper belt in Katanga, the diamond mines in Sierra Leone, Angola, and Botswana are well known for their abundance and

Sahel
Sahel The Sahel () is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south. Having a semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The name is derived from the Arabic word """" (, ) meaning ""coast"" or ""shore"" in a figurative sense (in reference to the southern edge of the vast Sahara), while the name Swahili means ""coastal [dweller]"" in a literal sense. The Sahel part of Africa includes (from west to east) parts of

Africa are South Africa, Libya, Namibia, Egypt, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe, which each consume between 1000 and 5000 KWh/m per person, in contrast with African states such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tanzania, where electricity consumption per person is negligible. Petroleum and petroleum products are the main export of 14 African countries. Petroleum and petroleum products accounted for a 46.6% share of Africa's total exports in 2010; the second largest export of Africa as a whole is natural gas, in its gaseous state and as liquified natural gas, accounting for a 6.3% share of Africa's exports. Lack of infrastructure creates barriers for

"Niger Delta"
and forms the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet. In 2003, about 99% of excess gas was flared in the Niger Delta, although this value has fallen to 11% in 2010. (See also gas flaring volumes). The biggest gas flaring company is the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd, a joint venture that is majority owned by the Nigerian government. In Nigeria, ""...despite regulations introduced 20 years ago to outlaw the practice, most associated gas is flared, causing local pollution and contributing to climate change."" The environmental devastation associated with the industry and the lack

was once a major producer of palm oil. The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate. The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international controversy over pollution. The Niger Delta, as now defined officially by the Nigerian government, extends over about and makes up 7.5% of Nigeria's land mass. Historically and cartographically, it consists of present-day Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers States. In 2000, however, Obasanjo's regime included Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Cross River State, Edo, Imo and Ondo States in the region. Some

Africa
Horn of Africa, some Ethiopian and Eritrean groups (like the Amhara and Tigrayans, collectively known as Habesha) speak languages from the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, while the Oromo and Somali speak languages from the Cushitic branch of Afro-Asiatic. Prior to the decolonization movements of the post-World War II era, Europeans were represented in every part of Africa. Decolonization during the 1960s and 1970s often resulted in the mass emigration of white settlers – especially from Algeria and Morocco (1.6 million ""pieds-noirs"" in North Africa), Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, Mozambique and Angola. Between 1975 and 1977, over a million

"North Africa"
the economy. Egypt has the most varied industrial base, importing technology to develop electronics and engineering industries, and maintaining the reputation of its high-quality cotton textiles. Oil rigs are scattered throughout the deserts of Libya and Algeria. Libyan oil is especially prized because of its low sulfur content, which means it produces much less pollution than other fuel oils. North Africa The term ""North Africa"" has no single accepted definition. It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. Others have limited it

"Betty Draper"
for Don and Betty, as Don is still paying the mortgage, and Betty is required by their divorce agreement to move out but has not. Throughout Season 4, Betty finds her marriage to Henry strained by tensions with Don and by deteriorating relations with Sally. When she discovers Sally has become friends with her old confidant, Glen Bishop, Betty forces them to end the friendship. Glen's reappearance is the catalyst for Betty to finally insist to Henry that it's time for them to move because of the ""low-caliber people"" taking over the neighborhood, much to Sally's distress. In the season

"Betty Cooper"
closer to the newest werewolf of Riverdale, Jughead. Archie convinces her to try curing Jughead with wolfsbane, which initially works until it wears off and results in Reggie's death. Jughead leaves town because he knows Betty won't give him a second chance. Betty sets out to find him with the help of Archie and her cousin Bo, with backing by her aunt, the Cooper family matriarch, Elena. Betty appears as a main character in ""Life with Archie: The Married Life"". In ""Archie Loves Veronica"", she runs a catering business while her boyfriend, Reggie Mantle, runs a repair shop. They both

"Betty Ross"
(banished by Doctor Strange to the Crossroads, an alternative reality/inter-dimensional portal, because he became completely bestial), Betty begins dating a man named Ramon. Upon learning that the Hulk had been sighted on Earth once again, Betty leaves Ramon and returns to Gamma Base, where the Hulk is subjected to a process that splits Banner and the Hulk into separate entities. Believing himself finally cured, Banner proposes to Betty, and she accepts. Betty's father appears at the wedding, armed with a gun and demanding that the marriage not take place before shooting Rick Jones, who tries to stop him. Betty confronts

"Betty Applewhite"
a real goodbye so they decided to meet in a lumberyard. Caleb got there first and said that he could be her boyfriend. After Melanie laughed in his face, he started beating her with an axe. He ran away covered in blood. Matthew killed her for real when she threatened to send Caleb away forever. Matthew had Caleb blamed. Betty begins her recurring role in the final two episodes of the show's first season, when she buys a house on Wisteria Lane from Edie Britt over the phone and moves during the night. In the first episode of season 2,

the door. He walks up Memory Lane and comes to the yellow wood and begins walking down the right fork in the road. ""Will You Marry Me?"" is Part 4 in the 6 issue story arc, in which Archie Andrews proposed to Betty Cooper after college in an alternate reality. Archie, still in his winter coat from his walk during the first snow of the season, arriving back in time right before his college graduation. Archie then rushes home to get ready for graduation, and the ceremony proceeds much as it did in Part 1, with Dilton giving the valedictorian

funeral, and then stating: ""Sally, I always worried about you because you marched to the beat of your own drum, but now I know that's good. I know your life will be an adventure. I love you, Mom."" In the series finale, ""Person to Person,"" Betty insists to Don (and apparently to Henry) that her children should live with her brother William and his wife after her death, so that the boys will have a woman in their lives. Betty is last seen reading a newspaper at her kitchen table while smoking a cigarette, as Sally washes dishes in the

"Betty Anderson"
community of Peyton Place. She is known for her less than moral behavior, and used her sexuality for power over men. In the book, she was described as ""having not only the morals but the claws of an alley cat"". She had a crush on Rodney Harrington, the son of mill owner, Leslie Harrington. Betty and Rodney had gone on a drive to a nearby lake, and then it was discovered that she was pregnant; some time later, Rodney had died in a car accident. She eventually had a son named Roddy, whom she adored. For some time, (in the

and whom her father married sometime in the 18 months between seasons 1 and 2; Gloria left Gene when he began showing signs of mental deterioration in Season 3. He moved in with the Drapers during season 3 and later died in that season, set in 1963. Betty has a brother, William, who is married to Judy and whose daughters Don and Betty consider to be ""rowdy."" Betty's confidantes have included her neighbor Francine Hanson and Glen Bishop, the young son of divorcée Helen Bishop. Ill-suited for parenting, Betty has a strained relationship with her children, particularly with her daughter

what is the most common cause of right ventricular heart failure

"Heart failure"
as dizziness, confusion and cool extremities at rest. Right-sided heart failure is often caused by pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale), which is typically caused by difficulties of the pulmonary circulation, such as pulmonary hypertension or pulmonic stenosis. Physical examination may reveal pitting peripheral edema, ascites, and liver enlargement. Jugular venous pressure is frequently assessed as a marker of fluid status, which can be accentuated by eliciting hepatojugular reflux. If the right ventricular pressure is increased, a parasternal heave may be present, signifying the compensatory increase in contraction strength. ""Backward"" failure of the right ventricle leads to congestion of systemic capillaries.

"Right ventricular hypertrophy"
Right ventricular hypertrophy Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a form of ventricular hypertrophy affecting the right ventricle. Blood travels through the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. If conditions occur which decrease pulmonary circulation, meaning blood does not flow well from the heart to the lungs, extra stress can be placed on the right ventricle. This can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy. It can affect electrocardiography (ECG) findings. An ECG with right ventricular hypertrophy may or may not show a right axis deviation on the graph. There are various symptoms that can be seen: Common causes include:

"Ventricular aneurysm"
such a clot escapes from the aneurysm, it will be moved in the circulation throughout the body. If it gets stuck inside a blood vessel, it may cause ischemia in a limb, a painful condition that can lead to reduced movement and tissue death in the limb. Alternatively, if a clot blocks a vessel going to the brain, it can cause a stroke. In certain cases, ventricular aneurysms cause ventricular failure or arrythmia. At this stage, treatment is necessary. Ventricular aneurysms are usually complications resulting from a heart attack. When the heart muscle (cardiac muscle) partially dies during a heart

or cardiac resynchronization therapy. Echocardiography can also help determine if acute myocardial ischemia is the precipitating cause, and may manifest as regional wall motion abnormalities on echo. Chest X-rays are frequently used to aid in the diagnosis of CHF. In a person who is compensated, this may show cardiomegaly (visible enlargement of the heart), quantified as the cardiothoracic ratio (proportion of the heart size to the chest). In left ventricular failure, there may be evidence of vascular redistribution (""upper lobe blood diversion"" or ""cephalization""), Kerley lines, cuffing of the areas around the bronchi, and interstitial edema. Ultrasound of the lung

enlarged) and a gallop rhythm (additional heart sounds) may be heard as a marker of increased blood flow or increased intra-cardiac pressure. Heart murmurs may indicate the presence of valvular heart disease, either as a cause (e.g. aortic stenosis) or as a result (e.g. mitral regurgitation) of the heart failure. ""Backward"" failure of the left ventricle causes congestion of the lungs' blood vessels, and so the symptoms are predominantly respiratory in nature. Backward failure can be subdivided into the failure of the left atrium, the left ventricle or both within the left circuit. The patient will have dyspnea (shortness of

They are usually non-rupturing because they are lined by scar tissue. A left ventricular aneurysm can be associated with ST elevation. Ventricular aneurysms usually grow at a very slow pace, but can still pose problems. Usually this type of aneurysm grows in the left ventricle. This bubble has the potential to block blood flow to the rest of the body, and thus limit the patient's stamina. In other cases, a similarly developed pseudoaneurysm (""false aneurysm"") may burst, sometimes resulting in the death of the patient. Also, blood clots may form on the inside of ventricular aneurysms, and form embolisms. If

"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome"
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped. It may affect the left ventricle, aorta, aortic valve, or mitral valve. At birth, the ductus arteriosus is still open, and there is higher than normal resistance to blood flow in the lungs. This allows for adequate oxygenation via mixing between the atria and a normal appearance at birth. When the ductus begins to close and pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, blood flow through the ductus is restricted and flow to the lungs is increased,

"Myocardial rupture"
acute hemodynamic deterioration associated with myocardial rupture, the diagnosis is generally made based on physical examination, changes in the vital signs, and clinical suspicion. The diagnosis can be confirmed with echocardiography. The diagnosis is ultimately made at autopsy. Myocardial ruptures can be classified as one of three types. Another method for classifying myocardial ruptures is by the anatomical portion of the heart that has ruptured. By far the most dramatic is rupture of the free wall of the left or right ventricles, as this is associated with immediate hemodynamic collapse and death secondary to acute pericardial tamponade. Rupture of the

Also ACE Inhibitors seem to prevent Left Ventricular remodeling and aneurysm formation. Blood thinning agents may be given to help reduce the likelihood of blood thickening and clots forming, along with the use of drugs to correct the irregular rhythm of the heart (seen on the electrocardiogram) Ventricular aneurysm Ventricular aneurysms are one of the many complications that may occur after a heart attack. The word aneurysm refers to a bulge or ‘pocketing’ of the wall or lining of a vessel commonly occurring in the blood vessels at the base of the septum, or within the aorta. In the heart,

make up 2-3% of all cases of congenital heart disease, and is the most common single-ventricle defect. It is thought to be more common in male infants, 1.5 times as common as in female infants. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped. It may affect the left ventricle, aorta, aortic valve, or mitral valve. At birth, the ductus arteriosus is still open, and there is higher than normal resistance to blood flow in the lungs. This allows for adequate oxygenation via

Tam-Tams
main outdoor sporting ground. As such, the entire area is generally quite popular on Sundays in the summertime, drawing an exceptionally diverse crowd to myriad activities. The Tam-Tams typically start around 10:30am and continue until sunset. It is not an officially sanctioned nor sponsored event, simply a regular if technically spontaneous event. As such, it's difficult to pinpoint when it started or what motivated the first drum circle. Spending Sundays in Mount Royal Park has been popular since the park was inaugurated in 1876, and the nature and design of Fletcher's Field has always made it a popular spot for

Tam-Tams
picnics and sunbathers. Musical performances have been a staple since time immemorial, as brass bands, military and marching bands were popular entertainment until around the time of the Second World War. Moreover, the location of the Tam-Tams isn't too far from where Montreal's first permanent exposition hall, the Crystal Palace, was located. As such the location of the Tam-Tams is well rooted in the history of Montreal public life and festivities. Anecdotal evidence suggests the first people to begin regular drumming at the base of the Cartier monument back in the mid-1960s. A group of students from the West Indies

Tam-Tams
Tam-Tams The Tam-Tams is the informal name of a weekly free festival around the George-Étienne Cartier Monument in Mount Royal Park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its name imitates the sound of drums and refers to the drum circles that form the focal points of the gathering. Thousands of drum players, dancers, vendors and visitors come together every Sunday afternoon throughout the temperate months, occupying much of the open space on the eastern edge of Mount Royal Park (also known as Fletcher's Field). Jeanne-Mance Park, located directly across Avenue du Parc from where the Tam-Tams take place, serves as the city's

Tam-Tams
back to Saint Jean Baptiste Day 1976 when the City of Montreal located festivities related to the day entirely within the 'mountain domain'. In this case the mountain became a playground for the city's youth and counter-culture, with music throughout the day and many bonfires throughout the night. Damage to the park was so extreme the city would never again use the mountain for large-scale organized festivities. Today's Tam-Tams are still centred on the drum circle, but have evolved to also include artisanal vendors, DJs, performance artists, exhibitionists and a battle-royal for fantasy role players. Because of the 'laissez-faire' attitude

Tam-Tams
that characterizes the festivities, drug dealing, drug use and public drinking are tolerated to a degree. The Tam-Tams is strongly associated with cannabis culture, and though Montreal police are generally present they tend to disregard consumption of alcohol and cannabis. The general rule observed by Montrealers and respected by the police is discretion, moderation and not consuming in view of children. Tam-Tams The Tam-Tams is the informal name of a weekly free festival around the George-Étienne Cartier Monument in Mount Royal Park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its name imitates the sound of drums and refers to the drum circles that

"Food Day"
farms. 2,300 events took place across the country during Food Day in 2011, 3,200 in 2012, and over 4,700 events in 2013. Events have been hosted by a variety of different groups including local governments, food co-ops, schools, college campuses, non-profits, businesses, government agencies, food banks, farms and farmers, and restaurants. Food Day or Food Day Canada is a culinary celebration that originated in Canada as ""The World's Longest BBQ"" in reaction to the BSE crisis of 2003. This economic crisis for farmers was a trade embargo by the US on Canadian beef, based on a single case of BSE

"Les FrancoFolies de Montréal"
popular music performed chiefly in the French language or by performers from Francophone countries. Musical styles such as rock, pop, chanson, hip-hop, rai, folk, punk, and many others are featured during the festival's nearly two-week run. The festival was established in 1989 by: Having run for more than 20 years, the FrancoFolies festival is considered to be the largest musical extravaganza in the French-speaking world. The festival normally runs from late July to early August each year. However, the 22nd edition of the festival was moved to an earlier date, June 10–19, 2010. This change of date will allow more

Tam-Tams
who lived in the area arranged to meet at the monument and practice in a public place to avoid disturbing their neighbours. However, alternate anecdotal evidence suggests more recent beginnings. Quoted from an Ottawa-based musician and educator: ""...1992, it started with four ceremonial guard guys (me included) meeting up to buy pot from some guys we met at Steve's music store. They were buying djembes and we had just attended a clinic with Memo Ascevedo, and bought traditional go-go bells, tambime (not tambourine), clave, talking drum, etc. He had a Cuban buddy who played bongos, and we met at the

"Mount Royal"
Jam"", whereby a number of Montrealers and visitors play hand drums (such as djembes) on the east slope of the mountain, near the George-Étienne Cartier Monument. The Sunday afternoon gatherings attract people of various backgrounds. Often, dozens of tam-tam players perform their art at the same time, encouraging others to dance. In addition, many children and adults participate nearby in a battle with foam-padded weapons. The Tam-tams began in the late 1970s with a workshop on African drumming at a jazz bar on Ontario Street. It is not organized by the municipal authorities. Despite initial resistance by participants, the city

"Food Day"
(or mad cow disease) in Alberta, Canada. Since that year, Food Day has evolved into a celebration by chefs from across Canada. Food Day happens every day in Canada on the Saturday of the August long weekend (also known as the Civic Holiday Weekend). Food Day was founded by Canadian culinary pioneer, Anita Stewart. Food Day Food Day in the United States is celebrated annually on October 24 and often throughout the month. The celebration was started in 1975 by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) in an attempt to create an event similar to Earth Day.

Money
or the Greek word ""moneres"" (alone, unique). In the Western world, a prevalent term for coin-money has been ""specie"", stemming from Latin ""in specie"", meaning 'in kind'. The use of barter-like methods may date back to at least 100,000 years ago, though there is no evidence of a society or economy that relied primarily on barter. Instead, non-monetary societies operated largely along the principles of gift economy and debt. When barter did in fact occur, it was usually between either complete strangers or potential enemies. Many cultures around the world eventually developed the use of commodity money. The Mesopotamian shekel

"Medium of exchange"
Medium of exchange Medium of exchange is one of the three fundamental functions of money in mainstream economics. It is a widely accepted token which can be exchanged for goods and services. Because it can be exchanged for any good or service it acts as an intermediary instrument and avoids the limitations of barter; where what one wants has to be exactly matched with what the other has to offer. Most forms of money can act as mediums of exchange including commodity money, representative money and most commonly fiat money. Representative and fiat money often exist in digital form as

Currency
Currency A currency (from , ""in circulation"", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ""system of money"" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the

Currency
basket of currencies (and assets held). In most cases, a central bank has a monopoly right to issue of coins and banknotes (fiat money) for its own area of circulation (a country or group of countries); it regulates the production of currency by banks (credit) through monetary policy. An exchange rate is the price at which two currencies can be exchanged against each other. This is used for trade between the two currency zones. Exchange rates can be classified as either floating or fixed. In the former, day-to-day movements in exchange rates are determined by the market; in the latter,

form of financial capital. It was once common in the United States to widely accept a check (cheque) as a medium of exchange, several parties endorsing it perhaps multiple times before it would eventually be deposited for its value in units of account, and thus redeemed. This practice became less common as it was exploited by forgers and led to a domino effect of bounced checks – a forerunner of the kind of fragility that electronic systems would eventually bring. In the age of electronic money it was, and remains, common to use very long strings of difficult-to-reproduce numbers, generated

"History of money"
exchange. So as in agricultural societies, things needed for efficient and comfortable employment of energies for the production of cereals and the like were the easiest to transfer to monetary significance for direct exchange. As more of the basic conditions of human existence were met, so the division of labour increased to create new activities for the use of time to address more advanced concerns. As people's needs became more refined, indirect exchange became more likely, as the physical separation of skilled labourers (suppliers) from their prospective clients (demand) required the use of a medium common to all communities, to

Money
the commodity out of which it is made. The commodity itself constitutes the money, and the money is the commodity. Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, rice, Wampum, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. Use of commodity money is similar to barter, but a commodity money provides a simple and automatic unit of account for the commodity which is being used

Money
money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries. The word ""money"" is believed to originate from a temple of Juno, on Capitoline, one of Rome's seven hills. In the ancient world Juno was often associated with money. The temple of Juno Moneta at Rome was the place where the mint of Ancient Rome was located. The name ""Juno"" may derive from the Etruscan goddess Uni (which means ""the one"", ""unique"", ""unit"", ""union"", ""united"") and ""Moneta"" either from the Latin word ""monere"" (remind, warn, or instruct)

Currency
with few options other than to create a local currency. The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT. Related concepts Accounting units Lists Currency A currency (from , ""in circulation"", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ""system of money"" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition,

"World currency"
centuries. It was legal tender in Spain's Pacific territories of the Philippines, Micronesia, Guam and the Caroline Islands and later in China and other Southeast Asian countries until the mid-19th century. In the Americas it was legal tender in all of South and Central America (except Brazil) and in the US and Canada until the mid-19th century. In Europe the Spanish dollar was legal tender in the Iberian Peninsula, in most of Italy including: Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, the Franche-Comté (France), and in the Spanish Netherlands. It was also used in other European states including the Austrian

"Layer Cake (novel)"
into their histories, including Jimmy Price; Mister Mortimer (Morty), who served five and a quarter years of an eight-year sentence for being caught while disposing of suicide victim Kilburn Jerry after a party; young Clarkie, whom the narrator expects to take his place when he retires; and Terry, friend to all. The narrator also explains to the readers how he made it to where he is—starting small, growing in rank, keeping quiet and making sure everything is strictly business. Jeremy eventually arrives half an hour late to make the purchase. Narrator is invited to Mortimer's porn shop, Loveland, and interrupts

plan is complicated by a large shipment of stolen Ecstasy, the German neo-Nazis who want the drugs back and revenge on anyone they hold responsible for the theft, the unpredictable and often outrageous personalities of his friends, and his boss, kingpin Jimmy Price, who charges him with the task of recovering the missing daughter of a wealthy socialite. On April Fool's Day in 1997, the narrator, and his pal Mister Mortimer are waiting impatiently to sell a half-kilo of cocaine to a less-than-punctual pal, Jeremy. Until Jeremy arrives, readers are introduced to various characters and are given a brief look

"Layer Cake (film)"
to the social strata, especially in the British criminal underworld. XXXX, a 30-something man, is a London underworld criminal who has established himself as one of the biggest cocaine suppliers in the city, with legitimate cover. Considering himself a businessman and patience as a virtue, XXXX leaves the darker aspects of the business to his henchman Morty, a man having recently ended a 10-year prison sentence for murder. Once he has earned enough to be financially secure, XXXX plans to retire. On the evening XXXX intends to set these plans into motion, his sponsor and supplier Jimmy Price tells him

an argument between Mort and an employee, Nobby, who is confused on what to do over a shipment from the Netherlands of low-quality sex gear that they did not order. They decide to send it back. Mort then drives the narrator to a fancy, out-of-the-way restaurant called Pepi's Barn, the haunt of ""don"" Jimmy Price, who has demanded to meet with him. Here the reader is introduced to Jimmy's right-hand man Gene, a loyal gundog to boot. The purpose of the dinner, as it turns out, is the disappearance of a young girl name of Charlotte Temple. Charlotte is the

daughter of Edward Temple, a wealthy business contractor and socialite whom Price has known since childhood. She has run away with her new boyfriend, a cokehead by the name of Trevor Atkins, alias Kinky. Price charges the narrator with the task of locating Charlotte as a favour to Jimmy's pal, and promises that if he is successful, Price will allow him to retire without fuss. Price also tells the narrator about a crew of gangsters who have recently acquired two million high quality Ecstasy pills from Amsterdam. Price tasks the narrator with finding a buyer for the pills, and quickly.

job. While looking for Cody in a London club, the narrator encounters Sydney, a low-ranking member of the Yahoos. The narrator then meets Sydney's girlfriend Tammy, who he is immediately attracted to. Before leaving the club, Tammy gives him her number and surreptitiously asks him to call her. While speaking with Sydney, the narrator hears a story about the leader of Sydney's crew, a man named Darren who prefers to be known as The Duke. The Duke and his girlfriend, Slasher, are a pair of dedicated coke addicts who live just outside London. The pair of them have become steadily

Layer Cake (novel) Layer Cake is the debut novel of British author J. J. Connolly, first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. It was made into a motion picture in 2004 (also called ""Layer Cake""), directed by Matthew Vaughn and written for the screen by Connolly himself. The book takes place in London in the 1990s and is narrated by an unnamed, 29-year-old drug dealer (""If you knew my name, you'd be as clever as me"") who plans on leaving the life of crime behind at the age of thirty to live life as ""a gentleman of leisure."" His retirement

During the meeting with the gangsters, collectively known as the ""Yahoos,"" the narrator finds that he cannot reason with them, and he leaves upon promising to find a buyer for the pills, albeit at a much lower price than if the Yahoos would consent to releasing the pills in small instalments. The narrator tells the Yahoos that the pills are worth much less than they believe, which they are not happy to hear. The narrator tasks his old friend Cody, also known as Billy Bogus and his partner Tiptoes with locating Charlie. Cody expects little difficulty and quickly accepts the

transported across London to The City. There he meets Eddie Temple, who explains that Jimmy has double-crossed the narrator. Jimmy had become involved in a scheme with some gangsters from Chechnya to purchase a consignment of non-existent Pakistani heroin. Jimmy had been taken in by the gangsters and had lost nearly 13 million pounds. In his rage, Jimmy believed that his old friend Eddie had arranged for Jimmy to be ensnared, and he therefore tasked the narrator to find Charlie, Eddie's daughter. Jimmy believed that if he could hold Charlie hostage, he could force Eddie to get his money back.

nightmare involving Jimmy Price and awakes to a television news story about the brutal torture and murder of a boatman named Van Tuck. At Trevor's house, Trevor and the narrator are discussing the state of the drugs game when the narrator offhandedly mentions Van Tuck's murder. Trevor flies into a panic and takes the narrator to see Duncan, a local reporter who is friendly with many police officers and feeds Trevor information. On the way, Trevor explains that Van Tuck was a smuggler and he was currently moving several million pounds worth of marijuana into the country for Trevor. Trevor's

"I'm a Boy"
I'm a Boy ""I'm a Boy"" is a 1966 rock song written by Pete Townshend for the Who. The song, like other early recordings by the band, such as ""I Can't Explain"", ""The Kids Are Alright"" and ""Happy Jack"", centres on the early power pop genre. The song was originally intended to be a part of a rock opera called 'Quads' which was to be set in the future where parents can choose the sex of their children. The idea was later scrapped, but this song survived and was later released as a single. The song is about a family

soft rock influences. The song was composed using common time in the key of G major and has a moderate tempo of 90 beats per minute. It was written in the common verse-chorus form; the verses are supported by four chords and follow a vi-IV-I-V chord progression in the form Em–B–G–D/F. Ed Masle of ""The Arizona Republic"" noted that the progression is reminiscent of Nirvana's 1991 song ""Smells Like Teen Spirit"". Instrumentation is provided by a piano, acoustic guitars, live drums, and strings as well as hand claps which are used throughout the song. Beyoncé's vocals span the range from

the tenth season on ""The X Factor"" in the UK on October 4, 2013. On December 4, 2014, Ellona Santiago covered the song in week 6 of the third season for her Unplugged performance. The song was covered by American country singer Reba McEntire on the television program ""Unplugged"" on Country Music Television. The cover was accompanied by a music video that premiered on June 18, 2010, which depicted McEntire performing the song live. In late 2010, she recorded a studio version, and it was added to country radio on January 24, 2011, by Starstruck Entertainment and Valory Music Group

sides, amassing 34 youth caps and scoring 18 goals overall. At age 18, Ronaldo made his first senior appearance for Portugal in a 1–0 victory over Kazakhstan on 20 August 2003. He was subsequently called up for UEFA Euro 2004, held in his home country, and scored his first international goal in a 2–1 group stage loss to eventual champions Greece. After converting his penalty in a shootout against England at the quarter-final stage, he helped Portugal reach the final by scoring the opening goal in a 2–1 win over the Netherlands, but the crucial last match ended in a

at age 18 in 2003. After winning his first trophy, the FA Cup, during his first season in England, he helped United win three successive Premier League titles, a UEFA Champions League title, and a FIFA Club World Cup. By age 22, he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations and at age 23, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2009, Ronaldo was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth €94

in all competitions, 16 goals fewer than the previous season, in four more appearances. His final ever goal for Manchester United came on 10 May 2009 with a free kick in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford. Ahead of the 2009–10 season, Ronaldo joined Real Madrid for a world record transfer fee at the time, of £80 million (€94 million). His contract, which ran until 2015, was worth €11 million per year and contained a €1 billion buy-out clause. At least 80,000 fans attended his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu, surpassing the 25-year record of 75,000 fans who had welcomed

of São Vicente, Cape Verde. He has one older brother, Hugo (b. 1975), and two older sisters, Elma (b. 1973) and Liliana Cátia ""Katia"" (b. 1977), who is a singer. Ronaldo grew up in a Catholic and impoverished home, sharing a room with all his siblings. As a child, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha from 1992 to 1995, where his father was the kit man, and later spent two years with Nacional. In 1997, aged 12, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who signed him for a fee of £1,500. He subsequently moved from Madeira to

5 May 2007—his 50th goal for the club—as Manchester United claimed their first Premier League title in four years. As a result of his performances, he amassed a host of personal awards for the season. He won the Professional Footballers' Association's Player's Player, Fans' Player, and Young Player of the Year awards, as well as the Football Writers' Association's Footballer of the Year award, becoming the first player to win all four main PFA and FWA honours. His club wages were concurrently upgraded to £120,000 a week (£31 million total) as part of a five-year contract extension with United. Ronaldo

in an international match. On 13 November, Ronaldo scored two goals (while also missing a penalty) in another qualifier against Latvia, which ended in a 4–1 home victory. These goals brought his international tally to 68 goals, putting level with Gerd Müller and Robbie Keane as the fourth-highest European international goalscorer of all-time. He played his first professional match on his home island of Madeira on 28 March 2017 at age 32, opening a 2–3 friendly defeat to Sweden at the Estádio dos Barreiros. With the goal, he tied with Miroslav Klose on 71 goals as the third-highest scoring European

winning the 2016 and 2017 Champions Leagues, Ronaldo secured back-to-back Ballons d'Or again in 2016 and 2017. A historic third consecutive Champions League followed, making Ronaldo the first player to win the trophy five times. In 2018, he signed to Juventus in a transfer worth €100 million, the highest ever paid by an Italian club and the highest fee ever paid for a player over 30 years old. A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015. He made his senior debut for Portugal in 2003 at age 18,

"Cristian Riveros"
substitute for Steed Malbranque in a 2–2 draw against Birmingham City in the opening game of the season. However, Riveros quickly fell out of favour and played just 14 league games for, the club, scoring his only goal on the final day of the season in a 3–0 win over West Ham United. Riveros joined Turkish Super League side Kayserispor on 6 July 2011 on a season-long loan from Sunderland, and signed a permanent contract on 1 May 2012. On 7 June 2013, Cristian joined Grêmio, signing a two-year contract. In January 2015 after long and exhausting negotiations, it was

win. Over the course of the 2002–03 season, his representatives suggested the player to Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier and Barcelona president Joan Laporta. Manager Arsène Wenger, who was interested in signing the winger, met with him at Arsenal's grounds in November to discuss a possible transfer. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, however, determined to acquire Ronaldo on a permanent move urgently, after Sporting defeated United 3–1 at the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in August 2003. Initially, United had just planned to sign Ronaldo and then loan him back to Sporting for a year. Having been impressed by him,

"Cristiano dos Santos Rodrigues"
permanent at the end of the 2006–07 season. Cristiano was unable to capture his form from his loan spell the previous season. Despite being well known in the Netherlands, he received tentative interest from other Dutch clubs due to his non-EU status requiring a high minimum salary, and began seeking options of regular football elsewhere. Cristiano moved to Australia to join A-League side Adelaide United at the start of the 2008–09 season. Adelaide had lost Nathan Burns and Bruce Djite in the off-season and were in desperate need for a permanent striker. After scoring on his debut in a pre-season

"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"
Quentin Tarantino's 1994 film ""Pulp Fiction"". Re-issued as a single, this version achieved some chart success both domestically and internationally. Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon ""Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"" is a song written by American musician Neil Diamond, whose recording of it on Bang Records reached number 10 on the US pop singles chart in 1967. The song enjoyed a second life when it appeared on the 1994 ""Pulp Fiction"" soundtrack, performed by rock band Urge Overkill. Other versions have been recorded by Cliff Richard (1968), Jackie Edwards (1968), the Biddu Orchestra (1978), and 16 Volt (1998).

Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon ""Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"" is a song written by American musician Neil Diamond, whose recording of it on Bang Records reached number 10 on the US pop singles chart in 1967. The song enjoyed a second life when it appeared on the 1994 ""Pulp Fiction"" soundtrack, performed by rock band Urge Overkill. Other versions have been recorded by Cliff Richard (1968), Jackie Edwards (1968), the Biddu Orchestra (1978), and 16 Volt (1998). The song first appeared on Diamond's album ""Just for You"". The mono and stereo versions of this song differ slightly.

"Science Fiction (song)"
Science Fiction (song) ""Science Fiction"" is a song by Australian rock/new wave group Divinyls, which was the lead single from their first studio album ""Desperate"". Released in December 1982, ""Science Fiction"", peaked at No. 13 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. The B-side, ""I'll Make You Happy"" was a cover of The Easybeats 1966 hit. In May 2001, ""Science Fiction"" was selected by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. Christina Amphlett and Mark McEntee (ex-Air Supply) met at the Sydney Opera House where Amphlett was singing in a

On the mono ""Just For You"" LP as well as on the 45, the strings do not come in until the second verse. It also has a slightly longer fade. The stereo ""Just For You"" LP version has a shorter fade and the strings come in on the first chorus. Cliff Richard covered the song as the B-side to his 1968 single I'll Love You Forever Today, which featured in the movie Two a Penny. In 1992, the alternative rock band Urge Overkill recorded a cover of the song for their EP ""Stull"". This version would later be featured in

"Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction"
as Vincent and Mia enter Jackrabbit Slim's. The soundtrack reached No. 21 on the Billboard 200, and at the time, went platinum (100,000 units) in Canada alone. By November 12, 1994, total sales of more than 1.6 million were reached and by 1996 over 2 million units had been sold. In 1995 the soundtrack reached No. 6 on the charts according to SoundScan. The soundtrack helped launch the band Urge Overkill, which covered Neil Diamond's ""Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"" (produced by Kramer) in 1993, into a mainstream market. Sony ""received a nice sum"" for ""Son of a Preacher

"Pulp Fiction"
like rock and roll, even Morricone music. It sounds like rock and roll spaghetti Western music."" Some of the songs were suggested to Tarantino by his friends Chuck Kelley and Laura Lovelace, who were credited as music consultants. Lovelace also appeared in the film as Laura, a waitress; she reprises the role in ""Jackie Brown"". The soundtrack album, ""Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction"", was released along with the film in 1994. The album peaked on the ""Billboard"" 200 chart at number 21. The single, Urge Overkill's cover of the Neil Diamond song ""Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"",

"Willow's Song"
Ekland, who sings the erotic ballad through the adjoining wall of their separate bedrooms while completely naked. The song is an attempt to seduce Howie by accentuating to Willow's sensuality. The music is played by the band Magnet. According to the film's associate musical director Gary Carpenter, the screen version was sung by Rachel Verney (although some have believed that it was sung by the Scottish jazz singer Annie Ross). There are two different album versions of The Wicker Man soundtrack. The 1998 version released by Trunk Records features the film version of the song. The 2002 version released by

Overkill's cover of the Neil Diamond song ""Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon"" peaked at No. 59 on the Billboard Hot 100. Tarantino used an eclectic assortment of songs by various artists. Notable songs include Dick Dale's now-iconic rendition of ""Misirlou"", which is played during the opening credits. Tarantino chose surf music for the basic score of the film because, ""it just seems like rock 'n' roll Ennio Morricone music, rock 'n' roll spaghetti Western music."" Many of the songs on the soundtrack were suggested to Tarantino by musician Boyd Rice through their mutual friend Allison Anders, including Dick Dale's

in 1983. The album included the No. 13 hit on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart, ""Science Fiction"" . Their early manager Vince Lovegrove was former co-lead vocalist of 1960s pop band The Valentines with Bon Scott (later in AC/DC); Lovegrove had organised Divinyls' transfer from WEA to Chrysalis and their first tours of United States. The B-side of this single was their cover version of The Easybeats' 1966 hit ""I'll Make You Happy"". Divinyls members Additional musicians Production details Science Fiction (song) ""Science Fiction"" is a song by Australian rock/new wave group Divinyls, which was the lead single

"Cleveland Browns"
and four general managers, none of whom had found success. In 2016 and 2017 under head coach Hue Jackson, the Browns went 1–31 (), the worst two-year stretch in NFL history, and received the number one overall draft pick each of those years. The Browns are the only National Football League team without a helmet logo. The logoless helmet serves as the Browns' official logo. The organization has used several promotional logos throughout the years; players' numbers were painted on the helmets from the 1957 to 1960; and an unused ""CB"" logo was created in 1965, But for much of

since 1999. Through the end of the 2017 season, the Browns' win–loss record since returning to the NFL in 1999 is 88–216. In 2017, the Browns became only the second team in league history to finish a season 0–16, joining the 2008 Detroit Lions. Through the 2017 season, the Browns hold the longest active playoff drought in the NFL, at 15 seasons. The history of the Cleveland Browns American football team began in 1944 when taxi-cab magnate Arthur B. ""Mickey"" McBride secured a Cleveland franchise in the newly formed All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Paul Brown was the team's namesake and

five-stripe sequence has remained intact (with the exception of the 1984 season). A recent revision was the addition of the initials ""AL"" to honor team owner Al Lerner who died in 2002; this was removed in 2013 upon Jimmy Haslam assuming ownership of the team. Orange pants with a brown-white-brown stripe sequence were worn from 1975 to 1983 and become symbolic of the ""Kardiac Kids"" era. The orange pants were worn again occasionally in 2003 and 2004. Other than the helmet, the uniform was completely redesigned for the 1984 season. New striping patterns appeared on the white jerseys, brown jerseys

in each of the Browns' first ten years of existence. From 1965 to 1995, they made the playoffs 14 times, but did not win another championship or appear in the Super Bowl during that period. In 1995, owner Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced plans to move the team to Baltimore. After threats of legal action from the city of Cleveland and fans, a compromise was reached in early 1996 that allowed Modell to establish the Baltimore Ravens as a new franchise while retaining the contracts of all Browns personnel. The Browns' intellectual property, including team

history. After three years of suspension while Cleveland Stadium was demolished and Cleveland Browns Stadium built in its place, the Browns started play again in 1999 under new owner Al Lerner. The Browns struggled throughout the 2000s and 2010s, posting a record of 88–216 () since their 1999 return. The Browns have only posted two winning seasons and one playoff appearance (2002) since returning to the NFL. The team's struggles have been magnified since 2012, when the Lerner family sold the team to businessman Jimmy Haslam. In six seasons under the Haslam ownership, the Browns went through four head coaches

and people wouldn't notice."" At the time, the brown pants weren't officially dropped by the team, but simply not used. The Browns chose to wear white at home for the 2011 season, and wound up wearing white for all 16 games as when they were on the road, the home team would wear their darker colored uniform. The Browns brought back the brown pants in their home game against the Buffalo Bills on October 3, 2013 on ""Thursday Night Football"", pairing them with the brown jerseys. It marked the first time the team wore an all-brown combination in team history.

name, logos, training facility, and history, were kept in trust and the franchise was regarded by the NFL as suspended, with a new team to be established by 1999 either by expansion or relocation. The Browns were announced as an expansion team in 1998 and resumed play in 1999. Since resuming operations in 1999, the Browns have struggled to find success. They have had only two winning seasons (in 2002 and 2007), one playoff appearance (2002), and no playoff wins. The franchise has also been noted for a lack of stability with quarterbacks, having started 30 players in the position

Cleveland
pennant, making the World Series in the 1954, 1995, 1997, and 2016 seasons. Between 1995 and 2001, Progressive Field (then known as Jacobs Field) sold out 455 consecutive games, a Major League Baseball record until it was broken in 2008. Historically, the Browns have been among the winningest franchises in American football history winning eight titles during a short period of time—1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964. The Browns have never played in a Super Bowl, getting close five times by making it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game in 1968, 1969, 1986, , and . Former owner

the brown jersey sleeves (The white jersey has had that sleeve stripe pattern on a consistent basis since the 1985 season.) and the older, darker shade of brown. The Browns wore brown pants for the first time in team history on August 18, 2008, preseason game against the New York Giants. The pants contain no stripes or markings. The team had the brown pants created as an option for their away uniform when they integrated the gray facemask in 2006. They were not worn again until the Browns ""family"" scrimmage on August 9, 2009 with white-striped socks. The Browns have

"Cleveland Browns relocation controversy"
NFL season to give the league once again an even number of teams. Following this decision, Los Angeles became the favored destination for owners threatening to move their teams until the St. Louis Rams finally returned to Los Angeles for the 2016 season, followed by the San Diego Chargers (who had previously called L.A. home in the early days of the American Football League) one year later. The reactivated Browns have had only two winning seasons since returning to the NFL in 1999: a 9–7 finish in 2002 which also saw the team clinch a wild card spot in the

"Machine tool builder"
tool builder, a German one, or a Japanese one. Since the 1970s, the industry has globalized to the point that assigning nationality to the corporations becomes progressively more meaningless as one travels down the timeline leading up to the present day; currently, most machine tool builders are (or are subsidiaries of) multinational corporations or conglomerates. With these companies it is enough to say ""multinational corporation based in country X"", ""multinational corporation founded in country X"", etc. Subcategories such as ""American machine tool builders"" or ""Japanese machine tool builders"" would be senseless because, for example, companies like Hardinge and Yamazaki Mazak

"Craftsman (tools)"
sockets, and wrenches began to be sourced overseas (mainly in China, although some are produced in Taiwan), while tools produced for Craftsman by Western Forge such as adjustable wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers and larger mechanic tool sets remain made in the United States, although as of 2018, most if not all of the production for these products have moved over to Asia. Sears still has an Industrial line which is sold through various authorized distributors. These tools are US made, appearing identical to their previous non-industrial US made counterparts, save for the ""Industrial"" name stamped on them. They are manufactured by

are used to remove unwanted metal. Among these are: Other techniques are used to ""add"" desired material. Devices that fabricate components by selective ""addition"" of material are called rapid prototyping machines. The worldwide market for machine tools was approximately $81 billion in production in 2014 according to a survey by market research firm Gardner Research. The largest producer of machine tools was China with $23.8 billion of production followed by Germany and Japan at neck and neck with $12.9 billion and $12.88 billion respectively. South Korea and Italy rounded out the top 5 producers with revenue of $5.6 billion and

those jobs back from overseas, establish protectionism, and reduce immigration. Manufacturing continues to evolve, due to factors such as information technology, supply chain innovations such as containerization, companies un-bundling tasks that used to be in one location or business, reduced barriers to trade, and competition from low-cost developing countries such as China and Mexico. Manufacturing is conducted among globally distributed supply chains, with various stages of production conducted in different countries. For example, automotive parts may be manufactured in the U.S., shipped to Mexico for assembly, then sent back to the U.S. In some cases, the components of the final

"Interchangeable parts"
drives from steam engines or water power and allowing higher speeds, making modern large scale manufacturing possible. Modern machine tools often have numerical control (NC) which evolved into CNC (computerized numeric control) when microprocessors became available. Methods for industrial production of interchangeable parts in the United States were first developed in the nineteenth century. The term ""American system of manufacturing"" was sometimes applied to them at the time, in distinction from earlier methods. Within a few decades such methods were in use in various countries, so ""American system"" is now a term of historical reference rather than current industrial nomenclature.

"Machine factory"
and other industrial equipment. A machine tool builder in the broadest sense is a corporation or person that builds machine tools. In the most common (and economically significant) sense of the term, a machine tool builder is a corporation whose business is building machine tools for sale to manufacturers, who use them to manufacture products. The machine tools often make interchangeable parts, which are assembled into subassemblies or finished assemblies, ending up sold to consumers, either directly or through other businesses at intermediate links of a value-adding chain. Alternatively, the machine tools may help make molds or dies, which then

"Machine shop"
Machine shop A machine shop is a room, building, or company where machining is done, which is a form of subtractive manufacturing. In a machine shop, machinists use machine tools and cutting tools to make parts, usually of metal or plastic (but sometimes of other materials such as glass or wood). A machine shop can be a small business (such as a job shop) or a portion of a factory, whether a toolroom or a production area for manufacturing. The parts produced can be the end product of the factory, to be sold to customers in the machine industry, the

"Assembly line"
pace with very repetitive motions which led to more output per worker while other countries were using less productive methods. In the automotive industry, its success was dominating, and quickly spread worldwide. Ford France and Ford Britain in 1911, Ford Denmark 1923, Ford Germany and Ford Japan 1925; in 1919, Vulcan (Southport, Lancashire) was the first native European manufacturer to adopt it. Soon, companies had to have assembly lines, or risk going broke by not being able to compete; by 1930, 250 companies which did not had disappeared. The massive demand for military hardware in World War II prompted assembly-line

"Minster Machine Company"
more. Minster currently has machinery operating in more than 81 countries of the world as well as having sales and regional service locations across the globe. World Headquarters and manufacturing facilities for The Nidec Minster Corporation have been located in Minster, Ohio since the company's founding in 1896. Repair parts, service, and manufacturing support facilities are located in Ningbo, China and Halblech, Germany. Minster staffs Sales Offices in Japan, Belgium, Mexico, Spain, India, China and Brazil. Minster-employed and trained field service personnel are located strategically throughout the U.S.A. and the world. In 1896, Anton Herkenhoff and Joseph Dues founded the

rather than being entirely ""offhand"" or ""freehand"". Machine shop A machine shop is a room, building, or company where machining is done, which is a form of subtractive manufacturing. In a machine shop, machinists use machine tools and cutting tools to make parts, usually of metal or plastic (but sometimes of other materials such as glass or wood). A machine shop can be a small business (such as a job shop) or a portion of a factory, whether a toolroom or a production area for manufacturing. The parts produced can be the end product of the factory, to be sold

"Not in This Lifetime... Tour"
Not in This Lifetime... Tour The Not in This Lifetime... Tour was a concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses, spanning from April 1, 2016 to December 8, 2018. It featured classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together. After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron ""Bumblefoot"" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N' Roses, leaving the band with several open spots. Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa

show, including ""The Seeker"", ""Patience"", ""Don't Cry"", ""Yesterdays"", ""Used To Love Her"", ""Catcher In The Rye"" and ""Sorry"" in various combinations. Not in This Lifetime... Tour The Not in This Lifetime... Tour was a concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses, spanning from April 1, 2016 to December 8, 2018. It featured classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together. After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron ""Bumblefoot"" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman

9, 2016 in Nashville, Tennessee. Towards the end of the North American trek, once again the drummer sat behind the drum set when performing the same two songs at the second of the two Dodger Stadium shows in Los Angeles, California. During the Latin American leg, Adler joined the band for a song each of the two nights in Buenos Aires. When the band and crew were traveling between Philadelphia and Toronto on July 15, 2016, they were stopped and detained at the Canadian border for having a gun on board their transportation. Rose revealed this while on stage in

Music Awards, with the band being nominated for Top Touring Artist and Top Duo/Group as well. In 2018, they were nominated for Top Touring artist and Top Rock Tour. Alice in Chains was the first band announced as an opening act on the tour. They played both of the Las Vegas shows in April 2016, while returning for select dates during the following summer leg of North America. Duff McKagan has ties with the band as he toured with the them in 2006 and also expressing interest in writing a biography on them. Another band with previous ties with Guns

23, 2016 the second leg of the tour started, featuring stadiums in the United States as well as one show in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The box office numbers reported for the leg added up to $116.8 million, with twelve of the total 25 performances being sold-out shows. The Latin American leg yielded up to a total gross of $56.5 million with more than 565,000 tickets sold. They played 13 shows in 11 cities, selling out 8 of them. By the end of 2016 the band had played for over 1.8 million people and grossed $192 million. The 2017 European and

Roses with the festival in Rio de Janeiro, with the second edition in 1991 being their first time there. While originally slated to commence in Las Vegas on April 8, 2016, a previously unannounced warmup gig at the Troubadour in Los Angeles took place on April 1, 2016. Rumors of the secret show had started the night before, and fans were starting to gather outside the old Tower Records building at Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood. Rumblings that a ticket sale for the show would take place there started a line of people that grew during the night and into

New York City on July 20, 2017 was broadcast live in its entirety on SiriusXM satellite radio. The concert was an invite-only event where subscribers to the satellite radio service were eligible to win tickets. Similarly, the final show of the North American leg in 2017 in Inglewood, CA on November 29 was also broadcast on SiriusXM. The first leg of the tour featured sold-out shows in West Hollywood, Las Vegas and Mexico City grossing a total of $15.5 million. In addition Guns N' Roses headlined one day each weekend of the Coachella Festival earning an unknown figure. On June

for Destruction Tour. On April 8, 2016, before the first show at T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, Guns N' Roses posted a video in social media showing a recap of the event at the former Tower Records building and concert at the Troubadour in West Hollywood that took place a week earlier, on April 1. The three-minute video showed cuts from different songs played at the concert, as well as a time-lapse of the set-up of the Guns N' Roses museum that was temporarily placed inside the Tower Records building. Small snippets with comments from fans outside the museum was

In late December 2015, the Guns N' Roses website was updated, scrapping much of the content and displaying the classic Guns N' Roses bullet-logo. The logo had not been used in official promotion since the ""Use Your Illusion"" days. Then, on Christmas Day, a teaser trailer debuted before the new movie. The 15-second video showed black and white shots of a concert audience with the opening words of ""Welcome to the Jungle"" played. No additional narration or text accompanied the trailer. On December 29, 2015, ""Billboard"" reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ""reunited"" lineup would

announced as openers for select shows of the tour. Two weeks before the tour began, The Cult, Chris Stapleton, Billy Talent, and Skrillex were announced as additional openers for select shows. On June 30, Wolfmother and Tyler Bryant & The Shakedown were announced for several shows. Zakk Wylde was added as an additional opener to the band's show of August 15 in Glendale, Arizona. Additional legs of the tour were announced throughout the year, including Latin American, Asian, and Oceanian legs. Babymetal was announced as openers for the Japanese shows in 2017. In late November, commercials started airing in the

the gulf stream the world's fastest ocean current flows along the western side of this water body

"Gulf Stream"
also a significant potential source of renewable power generation. The Gulf Stream may be slowing down as a result of climate change. The Gulf Stream is typically 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide and 800 metres (2,600 ft) to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) deep. The current velocity is fastest near the surface, with the maximum speed typically about 2.5 metres per second (9 kph; 5.6 mph). European discovery of the Gulf Stream dates to the 1512 expedition of Juan Ponce de León, after which it became widely used by Spanish ships sailing from the Caribbean to Spain. A summary of Ponce

thermal energy could also be harnessed to produce electricity using the temperature difference between cold deep water and warm surface water. Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At about , it splits

East Coast of the United States may be more vulnerable to large sea-level anomalies, which significantly impact rates of coastal erosion. The Gulf Stream is typically wide and to deep. The current velocity is fastest near the surface, with the maximum speed typically about . As it travels north, the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream undergoes evaporative cooling. The cooling is wind-driven: Wind moving over the water causes evaporation, cooling the water and increasing its salinity and density. When sea ice forms, salts are left out of the ice, a process known as brine exclusion. These two processes

"Thermohaline circulation"
estimates of the thermohaline circulation or, more accurately, the meridional overturning circulation. The deep water masses that participate in the MOC have chemical, temperature and isotopic ratio signatures and can be traced, their flow rate calculated, and their age determined. These include Pa / Th ratios. The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf

this current interacts with the northeastern coast of South America, the current forks into two branches. One passes into the Caribbean Sea, while a second, the Antilles Current, flows north and east of the West Indies. These two branches rejoin north of the Straits of Florida. The trade winds blow westward in the tropics, and the westerlies blow eastward at mid-latitudes. This wind pattern applies a stress to the subtropical ocean surface with negative curl across the north Atlantic Ocean. The resulting Sverdrup transport is equatorward. Because of conservation of potential vorticity caused by the northward-moving winds on the subtropical

percent of such systems documented between 1951 and 2000 formed near this warm water current, with two annual peaks of activity occurring during the months of May and October. Cyclones within the ocean form under the Gulf Stream, extending as deep as beneath the ocean's surface. The theoretical maximum energy dissipation from the Gulf Stream by turbines is in the range of 20-60 GW. One suggestion, which could theoretically supply power comparable to several nuclear power plants, would deploy a field of underwater turbines placed 300 meters (980 ft) under the center of the core of the Gulf Stream. Ocean

Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At about , it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current,

chart is an illustration of the migration pattern of herring and not an ocean current. The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, driven largely by wind stress. The North Atlantic Drift, in contrast, is largely thermohaline circulation–driven. In 1958 the oceanographer Henry Stommel noted that ""very little water from the Gulf of Mexico is actually in the Stream"". By carrying warm water northeast across the Atlantic, it makes Western and especially Northern Europe warmer than it otherwise would be. A river of sea water, called the Atlantic North Equatorial Current, flows westward off the coast of Central Africa. When

ridge's western periphery and the increased relative vorticity of northward moving water, transport is balanced by a narrow, accelerating poleward current, which flows along the western boundary of the ocean basin, outweighing the effects of friction with the western boundary current, known as the Labrador current. The conservation of potential vorticity also causes bends along the Gulf Stream, which occasionally break off due to a shift in the Gulf Stream's position, forming separate warm and cold eddies. This overall process, known as western intensification, causes currents on the western boundary of an ocean basin, such as the Gulf Stream, to

be stronger than those on the eastern boundary. As a consequence, the resulting Gulf Stream is a strong ocean current. It transports water at a rate of 30 million cubic meters per second (30 sverdrups) through the Florida Straits. As it passes south of Newfoundland, this rate increases to 150 million cubic metres per second. The volume of the Gulf Stream dwarfs all rivers that empty into the Atlantic combined, which barely total 0.6 million cubic metres per second. It is weaker, however, than the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Given the strength and proximity of the Gulf Stream, beaches along the

"Jacksonville Jaguars"
the season. On August 21, 2012, the Jaguars announced they had finalized a deal to play one regular season home game each year between 2013 and 2016 at London's historic Wembley Stadium as part of the NFL International Series. The first of these games was against the San Francisco 49ers on October 27, 2013. This deal was later extended through 2020. On January 8, 2013, former Atlanta Falcons Director of Player Personnel David Caldwell was hired as the second full-time General Manager in Jaguars history. He formerly served as a scout for the Indianapolis Colts for 10 years from 1998–2007.

Series game. On December 18, 2016, Gus Bradley was fired after the Jaguars' ninth loss in a row during the 2016 season. Bradley's W-L record as head coach of the Jaguars was 14–48 in three seasons. On January 9, 2017 the Jaguars announced the interim head coach Doug Marrone was to be the new head coach, the contract of General Manager David Caldwell was to be extended and Tom Coughlin was returning to Jacksonville to become Executive Vice President of Football Operations. Both Doug Marrone and David Caldwell report to the Executive Vice President Tom Coughlin. In the first round

Jacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. The team plays its home games at TIAA Bank Field. The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as expansion teams for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999 (as members of the now-defunct AFC Central) and 2017 (as members of the AFC South) and have qualified for the playoffs seven times, most recently

that are televised nationally on ESPN or NFL Network. Jacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. The team plays its home games at TIAA Bank Field. The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as expansion teams for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999 (as members of the now-defunct AFC Central) and 2017 (as members of the AFC South) and

that General Manager Gene Smith had been given a three-year extension of his contract. Immediately following the announcement of Del Rio being fired, Weaver also announced that the team would be sold to Illinois businessman Shahid Khan. Khan's assumption of ownership was approved a couple of weeks later by the NFL team owners, and Khan took over full ownership on January 4, 2012. He immediately began the team's search for head coaching candidates. On February 13, 2012, the Jaguars hired MetLife Stadium president and CEO Mark Lamping as team president. Lamping also spent 13 years as the president of the

2015, as one of eight teams participating in Nike's ""Color Rush"" initiative for four games of ""Thursday Night Football"" during the 2015 season, Jacksonville introduced an all-gold second alternative uniform. The set features a gold jersey with black sleeves and black trim, as well as all gold pants. The white front and back numbers are lined in the teal accent color and bordered by black. The TV numbers on the shoulders are white with black bordering. The set also features gold undershirts and socks. On April 19, 2018, the Jaguars again revealed re-designed uniforms. The new design returns to an

Jaguars seasons. ""Note: The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play."" Although not officially retired, the number 71 worn by offensive tackle Tony Boselli, the Jaguars' first-ever draft pick, has not been worn since his retirement in 2002. According to team officials, while the number is not in circulation, the number (along with Fred Taylor's number 28) is officially available for use if the circumstances warrant it. A contest was held in July 2006 to name the club's ring of honor and ""Pride of the Jaguars"" was chosen with 36% of the

""Pride of the Jaguars"" on December 15, 2013. The Jacksonville Jaguars Foundation was established in 1994, when the franchise deal was first announced. Since then, the Foundation has given over $20 million to area efforts in community improvement. The Foundation focuses on many initiatives, such as Honor Rows, anti-tobacco programs, NFL Play 60, and support for veterans. The Foundation grants over $1 million annually to organizations that assist ""economically and socially disadvantaged youth and families"". The Jaguars' first head coach, Tom Coughlin, established the Tom Coughlin Jay Fund Foundation in 1996 to help young cancer victims and their families with

black jersey and black pants as their primary home uniform. The teal jersey was resurrected as an alternate. On April 23, 2013, the Jaguars unveiled new uniforms designed by Nike. The primary home jersey is black with white numerals outlined in teal and gold. The road jersey is white with teal numerals outlined in black and gold, marking the first time since 2003 that the team has used teal numbers on their road jersey. The alternate jersey is teal with black numerals outlined in white and gold. The team had never before used black numbers on their teal jersey. All

in 2017 after a ten-season playoff drought. From their inception until 2011, the Jacksonville Jaguars' majority owner was Wayne Weaver. The team was then purchased by Pakistani-born businessman Shahid Khan for an estimated $770 million. In 2015, Forbes estimated the team value at $1.48 billion. In 1989, the prospective ownership group ""Touchdown Jacksonville!"" was organized. The group initially included future Florida Governor Jeb Bush and Jacksonville developer Tom Petway, and came to be led by shoe magnate Wayne Weaver, founder of Nine West. In 1991, the NFL announced plans to add two expansion teams in 1994 (later delayed until 1995),

what is the minimum number of parties required to enter into a deed

Deed
can therefore be distinguished from covenants, which, being also under seal, are unilateral promises. At common law, to be valid and enforceable, a deed must meet several requirements: Conditions attached to the acceptance of a deed are known as covenants. A deed indented or indenture is one executed in two or more parts according to the number of parties, which were formerly separated by cutting in a curved or indented line known as the chirograph. A deed poll is one executed in one part, by one party, having the edge polled or cut even, and includes simple grants and appointments.

Contract
Contract A contract is a promise or set of promises that are legally enforceable and, if violated, allow the injured party access to legal remedies. Contract law recognises and governs the rights and duties arising from agreements. In the Anglo-American common law, formation of a contract generally requires an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound. Each party must have capacity to enter the contract. Although most oral contracts are binding, some types of contracts may require formalities such as being in the form of a signed, dated written agreement in order for a party to be

"Purchase and Sale Agreement"
Purchase and Sale Agreement A Purchase and Sale Agreement (typically referred to in the shorthand ""PSA""), is an agreement between a buyer and a seller of real estate property, company stock, or other assets. The person or company acquiring, receiving and purchasing the property, stock or assets is referred to as the ""Buyer"" and the person or company disposing, conveying and selling the stock or assets is referred to as ""Seller"". The PSA will set out the various rights and obligations of both the Buyer and Seller, and may also require other documents be executed and recorded in the public

"Real estate contract"
estate must be registered in front of a notary public in writing. The common practice is for an ""exchange of contracts"" to take place. This involves two copies of the contract of sale being signed, one copy of which is retained by each party. When the parties are together, both would usually sign both copies, one copy of which would be retained by each party, sometimes with a formal handing over of a copy from one party to the other. However, it is usually sufficient that only the copy retained by each party be signed by the other party only.

"Negotiable instrument"
instrument or acquiring or transferring rights to the instrument, the signature is called an ""endorsement"". There are five types of endorsements contemplated by the Code, covered in UCC Article 3, Sections 204–206: If a note or draft is negotiated to a person who acquires the instrument the transferee is a ""holder in due course"" and can enforce the instrument ""without"" being subject to defenses which the maker of the instrument would be able to assert against the original payee, except for certain ""real defenses"". These real defenses include (1) forgery of the instrument; (2) fraud as to the nature of

This rule enables contracts to be ""exchanged"" by mail. Both copies of the contract of sale become binding only after each party is in possession of a copy of the contract signed by the other party—ie., the exchange is said to be ""complete"". An exchange by electronic means is generally insufficient for an exchange, unless the laws of the jurisdiction expressly validate such signatures. A contract for the sale of land must: Notarization by a notary public is normally not required for a real estate contract, but many recording offices require that a seller's or conveyor's signature on a deed

"Gift (law)"
Gift (law) A gift, in the law of property, is the voluntary transfer of property from one person (the donor or grantor) to another (the donee or grantee) without full valuable consideration. In order for a gift to be legally effective, three requirements must be met: The donor of the gift must have a present intent to make a gift of the property to the donee. A promise to make a gift in the future is unenforceable, and legally meaningless, even if the promise is accompanied by a present transfer of the physical property in question. Suppose, for example, that

"Articles of incorporation"
articles of incorporation are filed. The articles of incorporation typically include the name of the corporation, the type of corporate structure (e.g. profit corporation, nonprofit corporation, benefit corporation, professional corporation), the registered agent, the number of authorized shares, the effective date, the duration (perpetual by default), and the names and signatures of the incorporators. The state fee to file articles of incorporation to incorporate a profit corporation range from $50 - $300, and to incorporate a nonprofit corporation range from $0 -$125. Articles of incorporation Articles of incorporation, also referred to as the certificate of incorporation or the corporate charter,

"Essentialia negotii"
Essentialia negotii Essentialia negotii () is a Latin legal term used in contract law. It denotes the minimum contents of a contract in order for it to be held effective and legally binding. Two parties purport to ""agree"" to have concluded a contract for a car, but have not actually worked out a price, it cannot be said that they have concluded a contract. The price would seem to be an ""essential term"". If further, the ""buyer"" had gone to a car dealer and said he would pay £10,000 for a car, but has not said which car, a ""essential

"Account stated"
invoice) without objecting, for a reasonable length of time. ""Reasonable"" is determined by looking at the surrounding circumstances. An account stated is in the nature of a kind of settlement between the parties, such as when a person receives a bank statement, is capable and even obligated to check the math within a specified period of time, otherwise the account as between the parties is thus ""stated."" The key element is either the express agreement or an agreement implied by law under all the facts and circumstances. Arthur Corbin's influential treatise on Contracts explains the purpose and historic context of

"Cruella de Vil"
Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil (spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney) is a character created by Dodie Smith as the main antagonist of her 1956 novel ""The Hundred and One Dalmatians"" and in Walt Disney Pictures' animated film adaptations ""101 Dalmatians"" (1961), """" (2003), and Disney's live-action film adaptations ""101 Dalmatians"" (1996) and ""102 Dalmatians"" (2000). She was originally voiced by Betty Lou Gerson, after that, she has been voiced by April Winchell (), Tress MacNeille (TV series, two episodes), and Susanne Blakeslee (currently) and was portrayed live by Glenn Close (""101 Dalmatians"" and

"Betty Lou Gerson"
Betty Lou Gerson Betty Lou Gerson (April 20, 1914 – January 12, 1999) was an American actress, predominantly active in radio, but also in film and television, and as a voice actress. She is best known as the voice of the villainous, selfish socialite Cruella de Vil from Walt Disney's animated film, ""One Hundred and One Dalmatians"" (1961) for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1996. Gerson was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on April 20, 1914, but raised in Birmingham, Alabama, where her father was an executive with a steel company. She was Jewish. She was educated in

"102 Dalmatians"
102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film ""101 Dalmatians"", a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated film of the same name and stars Glenn Close reprising her role as Cruella de Vil as she attempts to steal puppies for her ""grandest"" fur coat yet. Close and Tim McInnerny were the only two actors from the first film to return for the sequel, however. The film received negative

by the ""I, Tonya"" director Craig Gillespie. In the ""101 Dalmatians"" animated series, Cruella was voiced by April Winchell. and was based on Glenn Close's portrayal from the live-action film, but with Betty Lou Gerson's design from the animated film. She is not seen wearing clothes made out of animals, nor smoked (although in the episodes ""Smoke Detectors"" and ""Hail to the Chief"" she did) and is totally sane, yet still temperamental and impatient. Her villainous plot in the show was to steal the Dearlys' farm from them, and using the puppies as a ransom, mainly because the old widow

"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)"
of these new owners eventually surrendered their animals to pounds, where many dogs ended up being euthanized. A sequel, ""102 Dalmatians"", was released on November 22, 2000. The film's early working title was ""101 Dalmatians Returns."" Disney is planning a live-action Cruella de Vil prequel titled ""Cruella"" directed by Alex Timbers. Marc Platt and Andrew Gunn will produce; Glenn Close is executive producer. Screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna was set to write it, but Kelly Marcel replaced her. Emma Stone will play the eponymous role. Alex Timbers had originally signed on to direct the film, but he left the project in

that was entitled """", was released in 2000, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino, Molly Marlette as the voice of Oddball and Susanne Blakeslee as the voice of Cruella de Vil. Horace and Jasper also appeared in the game despite not being present in the film. 102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film ""101 Dalmatians"", a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated film of the

"Soledad Miranda"
Soledad Miranda Soledad Rendón Bueno (9 July 1943 – 18 August 1970), better known by her stage names Soledad Miranda or Susann Korda (or sometimes Susan Korday), was an actress and pop singer who was born in Seville, Spain. She starred in many films directed by Jess Franco, such as ""Count Dracula"" (1969) and ""Vampyros Lesbos"" (1971). She also released numerous Spanish-language pop songs throughout the mid-sixties. She died in a car accident on a Lisbon highway at age 27. Soledad Miranda was born Soledad Rendón Bueno on 9 July 1943 in Seville, Spain. Soledad (whose name translates as ""solitude""

(better known as ""Cruella De Vil (102 Dalmatians),"" sung by Camara Kambon and Mark Campbell of Jack Mack and the Heart Attack a derivation of ""Cruella de Vil""). The film opened at the third position behind M. Night Shyamalan's ""Unbreakable"" and Ron Howard's ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas."" The film did well at the box office, earning $67 million in the U.S. and $116.7 million overseas, bringing its total to $183.6 million worldwide. After premiering in New Zealand, the film received positive reviews and was described by media as a ""howling success"". In the United States, the film received generally

"One Hundred and One Dalmatians"
on November 22, 2000. After the first live-action version of the film, an animated series titled """" was launched. The designs of the characters were stylized further to allow for economic animation and to appeal to contemporary trends. """", the official sequel to the original animated film, was released direct-to-video on January 21, 2003. Disney has announced that another live-action film is in development, but it will focus on the origin of Cruella de Vil. Emma Stone is set to play Cruella and Alex Timbers was in negotiations to direct the film. In December 2018, it was announced that Timbers

"Anna Magnani"
Anna Magnani Anna Magnani (; 7 March 1908 – 26 September 1973) was an Italian stage and film actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress, along with four other international awards, for her portrayal of a Sicilian widow in ""The Rose Tattoo"". Born in Rome, she worked her way through Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art by singing at night clubs. During her career, her only child was stricken by polio when he was 18 months old and remained crippled. She was referred to as ""La Lupa,"" the ""perennial toast of Rome"" and a ""living she-wolf symbol"" of the

"Magic Tree House"
Magic Tree House The Magic Tree House is an American series of children's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca, although other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions. The series consists of two groups. The first group consists of books 1-28, in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith, two normal children who are siblings from the fictional small town of Frog Creek, Pennsylvania, on numerous adventures and missions with a magical tree house. The second group, referred to as the Magic Tree House ""Merlin Missions,"" begins

The movie will primarily contain plot elements from Book 29, ""Christmas in Camelot."" Magic Tree House The Magic Tree House is an American series of children's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca, although other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions. The series consists of two groups. The first group consists of books 1-28, in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith, two normal children who are siblings from the fictional small town of Frog Creek, Pennsylvania, on numerous adventures and missions with a magical tree house.

"Mary Pope Osborne"
the Magic Tree House series. Mary Pope Osborne Mary Pope Osborne (born May 20, 1949) is an American author of children's books. She is best known for the award-winning and bestselling ""Magic Tree House"" series, which has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than 134 million copies worldwide. She is an advocate and supporter of children’s literacy, and the award-winning author of more than 100 books for children and young adults, including novels, retellings of mythology and folklore, picture books, biographies, and mysteries. Osborne is also the coauthor of the companion Magic Tree House Fact Trackers series

Mary Pope Osborne Mary Pope Osborne (born May 20, 1949) is an American author of children's books. She is best known for the award-winning and bestselling ""Magic Tree House"" series, which has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than 134 million copies worldwide. She is an advocate and supporter of children’s literacy, and the award-winning author of more than 100 books for children and young adults, including novels, retellings of mythology and folklore, picture books, biographies, and mysteries. Osborne is also the coauthor of the companion Magic Tree House Fact Trackers series with her husband, Will Osborne,

Tree House Fact Trackers (formerly called Magic Tree House Research Guides) are non-fiction companions to the fiction books, written by Mary Pope Osborne, Will Osborne, and Natalie Pope Boyce. They were first released in 2000 by Scholastic and Random House. They provide more in-depth follow-up information on the topics in the series than already covered. 40 have been published. The first two Fact Trackers were published in August 2000 as companions for the first two stories, then 7 to 8 years old. In 2008 story #39, ""Dark Day in the Deep Sea"" and its fact tracker #17, ""Sea Monsters"" were

"The Magickers"
disagreed with his theories of magic Jonnard--Brennard's son, evil and cruel, is the one the younger magickers most often end up fighting The Magickers The Magickers is a series of children's fantasy novels by author Rhondi A. Vilott Salsitz under the pseudonym Emily Drake. Four books were published between 2001 and 2004, and an omnibus edition, ""The Magickers Chronicles"", was published in 2010. In ""The Magickers"", eleven-year-old Jason's dreams of attending a summer soccer camp are dashed when he is injured during tryouts. Just as he accepts that he must spend the summer with his grandmother, he receives an invitation

Fact Trackers"" are co-written by Mary Pope Osborne with her husband Will Osborne or her sister Natalie Pope Boyce. In the beginning, Mary Pope Osborne wrote the books with Morgan sending the children on missions. Then she switched over to them being sent on missions by Merlin. About 10 years later, in 2015, she switched back to writing only the books with Morgan sending them on missions. These books were again, much shorter. Magic Tree House Books are for Beginning Chapter Book Readers. Adventures with Jack and Annie, for readers ages 6–9 who are just starting to read chapter books.

the first story and fact tracker to be published simultaneously. There are roughly six main characters throughout the Magic Tree House series. These include: Jack, Annie, Merlin, Morgan le Fay, Kathleen, and Teddy. Jack and Annie play the largest role in the series, and they embark on numerous adventures for Merlin and Morgan le Fay throughout the series. They also receive the help of the young magicians Kathleen and Teddy while they embark on their missions. Jack is the brother of Annie, the other major character in the series. He has short brown hair and wears red-rimmed glasses that have

"Salvatore Murdocca"
watercolor and acrylic paintings. His fine art has been represented by galleries in Nyack, NY, SOHO, NYC, and in France. Salvatore Murdocca Salvatore ""Sal"" Murdocca (born April 26, 1943) is an American children's book illustrator. He is best known as Sal Murdocca, illustrator of the Magic Tree House series written by Mary Pope Osborne (from 1992) and the nonfiction ""Magic Tree House Fact Checkers"" by Osborne and collaborators (from 2000)—about 50 and 30 volumes respectively to 2014. Murdocca grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City, majoring in illustration.

"The Magician's House"
no specific mention of Welsh myths and legends, the strong part nature plays in the stories and the settings bring to mind other British children's authors. Authors like Alan Garner, who is perhaps best known for ""The Owl Service"" and ""Elidor"", and Susan Cooper, famous for The Dark Is Rising sequence of books, who allude more specifically to British myth and legend in their writings. The four books centre on young siblings William, Mary and Alice Constant. They spend their holidays at Golden House, a large, 16th Century house in the British countryside. The house is not give a specific

"Students for a Democratic Society"
Todd Gitlin of Harvard University was made president. Some continuity was preserved by retaining Paul Booth as Vice President. The search began for something to challenge the idealistic, budding activists. SDS New School in the building of the Presidio Hills School, 3839 Washington St., in San Francisco was founded in January 1964 by Saul Landau, Alvin Duskin (former president of Emerson College), Paul Jacobs, Carl Werthman (sociologist), Ronnie Davis (a playwright and director), Mike Miller (SNCC), and Bob Scheer. It was at this time that the Black Power Movement was first gaining some momentum (although Stokely Carmichael would make the

membership was deleted from the SDS constitution. During the summer of 1965 delegates from SDS and the LID met in Chicago and New York. The League for Industrial Democracy, SDS's sponsoring organization, objected to the removal of the exclusion clause in the SDS constitution, as SDS benefited from LID's non-profit status, which excluded political activity. By mutual agreement the relationship was severed October 4, 1965. In the academic year 1962–1963, the President was Tom Hayden, the Vice President was Paul Booth and the National Secretary was Jim Monsonis. There were nine chapters with, at most, about 1000 members. The national

and the openness of the organization in allowing other groups, even communist front groups, or communists themselves, to join in caused great strains with the LID and some other old left organizations. The first teach-in against the war was held in the University of Michigan. Soon hundreds more, all over the country, were held. The demonstration in Washington, D.C. attracted about 25,000 anti-war protesters and SDS became the leading student group against the war on most U.S. campuses. Representing its move into the heartland, the 1965 summer convention was held at Kewadin, a small camp in Northern Michigan. Moreover, its

oriented, making it more difficult to recruit students. Moreover, because the LID's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses, the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization. SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Alan Haber was elected president. Its political manifesto, known as the Port Huron Statement, was adopted at the organization's first convention in 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden. The Port Huron Statement criticized the political system of the United States

sit-ins spread to many other universities. The summer convention of 1966 was moved even farther west, this time to Clear Lake, Iowa. The ""prairie people"" continued to increase their influence. Nick Egleson was chosen as President, and Carl Davidson was elected Vice President. Greg Calvert, recently a History Instructor at Iowa State University, was chosen as National Secretary. It was at this convention that members of Progressive Labor Party (PL) first participated. PL was a Maoist group that had turned to SDS as fertile ground for recruiting new members sympathetic to its long-term strategy of organizing the industrial working class.

mass demonstration in San Antonio, Texas in April 1969 at the ""Kings River Parade"". San Antonio SNCC members called the demonstration to protest the killing of Bobby Joe Phillips by San Antonio Police Officers. In the summer of 1969, the ninth SDS national convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum with some 2000 people attending. Many factions of the movement were present, and set up their literature tables all around the edges of the cavernous hall. The Young Socialist Alliance, Wobblies, Spartacists, Marxists and Maoists of various sorts, all together with various law-enforcement spies and informers contributed to the air

got into all sorts of projects, from University reform, community-university relations, and now, in a small way, the issue of the draft and Vietnam War. With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the SDS broke with the pro-labor ideas in the Port Huron Statement and decided that it was best to shift the focus of civil rights away from the southern states and more towards urban cities in the north. Then, on October 1, the University of California, Berkeley exploded into the dramatic and prolonged agony that was the free

of impending expectations. Each delegate was given the convention issue of the newspaper ""New Left Notes"", which contained a manifesto, ""You don't need a Weatherman to know which way the wind blows"", a line taken from Bob Dylan's ""Subterranean Homesick Blues"". This manifesto had been first presented at the Spring, 1969, SDS National Council Meeting in Austin, Texas. The document had been written by an 11-member committee that included Mark Rudd, Bernardine Dohrn and John Jacobs, and represented the position of the Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM) wing of SDS, most of which later turned into the Weather Underground Organization. It

Party politicians, including Tom Hayden, a former member of the legislature of the state of California and well known as the former husband of actress Jane Fonda, a prolific author, and a former candidate for offices such as Governor of California, Mayor of Los Angeles, and US Senator. A new incarnation of SDS was founded on January 16, 2006, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, and by 2010 had grown to over 150 chapters around the United States. It has held five national conventions to date, including the fifth in 2010 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the 1971 film ""The Andromeda Strain"",

fell into something approaching chaos, or worse, farce. The RYM and the National Office faction, led by Bernardine Dohrn, led 500 to 1000 people out of the Colosseum and, later that evening, holding a 1000-person meeting in another site near the National Office. There, the Weatherman faction carried the day, electing their slate of officers. The 500-600 people remaining in the meeting hall, dominated by PL, declared itself the ""Real SDS"", electing PL and WSA members as officers. By the next day, there were two SDS organizations, which RYM termed ""SDS-RYM"" and ""SDS-WSA."" In the fall of 1969, many of

"Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"
Lynch later wrote that ratification of those two amendments made Reconstruction a success. The first known black voter after the amendment's adoption was Thomas Mundy Peterson, who cast his ballot on March 31, 1870, in a Perth Amboy, New Jersey referendum election adopting a revised city charter. In ""United States v. Reese"" (1876), the first U.S. Supreme Court decision interpreting the Fifteenth Amendment, the Court interpreted the amendment narrowly, upholding ostensibly race-neutral limitations on suffrage including poll taxes, literacy tests, and a grandfather clause that exempted citizens from other voting requirements if their grandfathers had been registered voters, a condition

"Florenza Moore Grant"
Florenza Moore Grant Florenza Moore Grant (December 5, 1921 – July 30, 2001) Her family battled against the USDA claiming there was a discriminatory practice against them. Florenza Grant was the first African-Americans to register to vote in Halifax County, North Carolina, in the 1950s. Her family also ran a gas station, barbershop, and other businesses. She had joined the NAACP in her younger years and continued to take part in protests up into her early 30's. Grant was born in Rich Square, North Carolina. She grew up on a farm with her 11 siblings. She graduated high school and

"John Willis Menard"
John Willis Menard John Willis Menard (April 3, 1838 – October 8, 1893) was a federal government employee, poet, newspaper publisher and politician born in Illinois to parents who were Louisiana Creoles from New Orleans. After moving to New Orleans, on November 3, 1868, Menard was the first black man ever elected to the United States House of Representatives. His opponent contested his election, and opposition to his election prevented him from being seated in Congress. John Willlis Menard was born in 1838 in Kaskaskia in Randolph County in southern Illinois, to parents who were free people of color. They

"Thomas Mundy Peterson"
Thomas Mundy Peterson Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870. He was born in Metuchen, New Jersey. His father, also named Thomas, worked for the Mundy family. He was a slave and his mother, Lucy Green, was a slave of Hugh Newell (1744–1816) of Freehold Township, New Jersey. Thomas was manumitted at age 21 by Newell's will. He was a school principal

New Jersey, March 31 is annually celebrated as ""Thomas Mundy Peterson Day"" in recognition of his historic vote. Thomas Mundy Peterson Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870. He was born in Metuchen, New Jersey. His father, also named Thomas, worked for the Mundy family. He was a slave and his mother, Lucy Green, was a slave of Hugh Newell (1744–1816) of

"African Americans in the United States Congress"
and to serve in the United States Congress was established after the Civil War by amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment (ratified December 6, 1865), abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment (ratified July 9, 1868) made all people born or naturalized in the United States citizens. The Fifteenth Amendment (ratified February 3, 1870) forbade the denial or abridgment of the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, and gave Congress the power to enforce the law by appropriate legislation. In 1866, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and the four Reconstruction Acts, which dissolved

"Rosanell Eaton"
Rosanell Eaton Rosanell Eaton (April 14, 1921 – December 8, 2018) was an American civil rights worker. She was born on a farm near Louisburg, North Carolina. When she was 21 years old, Eaton became one of the first African Americans to vote in her county after completing a literacy test. She registered more than 4,000 citizens to vote in North Carolina. In August 2015, President Obama, in his response to the New York Times cover story on ""Efforts over the last 50 years to dismantle the protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965"", wrote that he was inspired

Graceland closed in 1894, his remains were moved to nearby Woodlawn Cemetery. His daughter, Alice Menard, married Thomas Van Renssalaer Gibbs, the son of Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs. John Willis Menard John Willis Menard (April 3, 1838 – October 8, 1893) was a federal government employee, poet, newspaper publisher and politician born in Illinois to parents who were Louisiana Creoles from New Orleans. After moving to New Orleans, on November 3, 1868, Menard was the first black man ever elected to the United States House of Representatives. His opponent contested his election, and opposition to his election prevented him from being

"African-American candidates for President of the United States"
lead the party’s ticket. Taylor’s campaign in 1904 was unsuccessful. The party’s promise to put 300 speakers on the stump to support his candidacy and its plan to field 6,000 candidates for local offices failed to materialize. No newspaper supported the party. State laws kept the party from listing candidates officially on election ballots. Taylor’s name failed to be added to any state ballot. The votes he received were not recorded in state records. William Scott later estimated that the party had received 65,000 votes nationwide, a number that could not be verified. In 1972, Shirley Chisholm was the first

by people like Rosanell Eaton. Rosanell Eaton Rosanell Eaton (April 14, 1921 – December 8, 2018) was an American civil rights worker. She was born on a farm near Louisburg, North Carolina. When she was 21 years old, Eaton became one of the first African Americans to vote in her county after completing a literacy test. She registered more than 4,000 citizens to vote in North Carolina. In August 2015, President Obama, in his response to the New York Times cover story on ""Efforts over the last 50 years to dismantle the protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965"",

"Kimberlin Brown"
October 2017, Brown formally announced her candidacy as a Republican for California's 36th congressional district, challenging Democrat Raul Ruiz in the November 2018 election. Kimberlin Brown Kimberlin Brown Pelzer (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress best known for her role as Sheila Carter in ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" between 1990 and 2018. Brown was born in Hayward, California. She has been married to Gary Pelzer since May 1991. They have two children, Alexes Marie (born 1994) and Nicholas. Kimberlin started on ""The Young and the Restless"" in 1990 (after originally auditioning

Kimberlin Brown Kimberlin Brown Pelzer (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress best known for her role as Sheila Carter in ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" between 1990 and 2018. Brown was born in Hayward, California. She has been married to Gary Pelzer since May 1991. They have two children, Alexes Marie (born 1994) and Nicholas. Kimberlin started on ""The Young and the Restless"" in 1990 (after originally auditioning for the role of Cassandra Rawlins) and moved to ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" in 1992 playing Sheila on both soaps. While she left

"Sheila Carter"
Sheila Carter Sheila Carter is a fictional character from ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That same year, Michelle Stafford took over the role, after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers. Brown returned to the role of Sheila on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", beginning on June 9, 2017. Sheila

July 2005, after a 10-year absence from ""The Young and the Restless"", it was announced that Brown was to reprise the role. At the time, Brown had been appearing on ABC's ""One Life to Live"" as Paige Miller, and Brown reportedly opted to leave the role when ABC was unable to match the financial terms of a contract offered to her by CBS. She returned on August 5, 2005, and her run ended on January 11, 2006. However, that December, the character returned, though not portrayed by Brown, but by Michelle Stafford, who in addition portrayed Phyllis Summers. For the

herself outside the closed mansion door. Sheila is often considered to be one of the most popular villains in daytime. Kimberlin Brown was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in the role as Outstanding Supporting Actress in 1993. Sheila Carter Sheila Carter is a fictional character from ""The Young and the Restless"" and ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That

is known as a villain. A significant portion of Sheila's history on both soaps revolves around her long-running conflict with Lauren Fenmore, whom she has attempted to kill on multiple occasions. She has also had conflicts with Stephanie Forrester, Maggie Forrester, Amber Moore, Taylor Hayes, Brooke Logan, Phyllis Summers and Quinn Fuller. The role was portrayed by Kimberlin Brown for a total of 16 years. Her first run was on ""The Young and the Restless"" from May 1990 to May 20, 1992, when the character crossed over to ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" from May 21, 1992, to October 2,

"Pamella D'Pella"
Pamella D'Pella Pamella D'Pella (born Pamela Denise Manley; August 22, 1957) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, photographer and dancer. Pamella is recognized for her extensive acting career, most notably for her years spent as ""Julia"" in the long running soap opera ""The Young and the Restless"" and as Teresa on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". She has appeared in numerous other films and television shows such as, ""Ted and Venus"", ""Hot Boyz"", ""Caged Heat II: Stripped of Freedom"", and """". Additionally, D'Pella was one of the founding members of the Location Managers Guild of America and held the office of

to fire her gun at Phyllis. In 2012, a woman claiming to be Daisy's mother checks her out of a mental institution, signing the name ""Sheila Carter"" on the release form. Michael has said signature analyzed to see if it fits Sheila's handwriting, and results turn out to be inconclusive. Sheila (Brown) returns to Los Angeles in June 2017. When she attempts to leave Katie Logan (Heather Tom)'s home without being noticed, Quinn Forrester (Rena Sofer) hears her leaving, immediately asking who she is. Introducing herself as a friend of the Logan family, Sheila reveals herself to Katie, making for

reason of Brown not returning to the role, the actress said: ""I had a bad accident last year, and when they wanted me back in November, I really couldn't go at that time, and that's why I came back looking like somebody else."" Stafford only portrayed the role for two months until February 9, 2007, when Sheila was shot by her longtime enemy Lauren Fenmore and presumed dead. In 2009, reports speculated that Brown would reprise the role again on ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", which was followed by more rumors speculating a return to ""The Young and the Restless"".

"Robin Riker"
Robin Riker Robin Riker (born October 2, 1952) is an American actress and author. After deciding to pursue a career in film and television, she moved to Hollywood and landed her first film role in ""Alligator"" penned by John Sayles. She went on to have starring roles in the prime-time sitcoms ""Brothers"", ""Shaky Ground"", ""Thunder Alley"", ""The Gregory Hines Show"" and ""Get a Life"". She also became the fourth and final actress to play Beth Logan on the CBS daytime soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Robin Riker was born on October 2, 1952 in New York City. Both

Charlotte decides she will be married that year and sets about canvassing her married friends to set her up on dates. One married friend usurps her blind date to try and start an affair with her. Horrified, she dashes into the street and trips in front of a taxi, carrying Trey MacDougal (Kyle MacLachlan), an attractive, old-money, Scottish-American cardiologist with pedigree, a Park Avenue apartment and country estate in Connecticut. They fall in love at first sight, and he appears to be everything she has always wanted. Things move quickly and Charlotte, convinced he is the one, suggests they marry.

Sex and the City (film) Sex and the City (advertised as Sex and the City: The Movie) is a 2008 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael Patrick King in his feature film directorial debut, and a sequel to the 1998-2004 HBO comedy series of the same name (itself based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell) about four female friends: Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker), Samantha Jones (Kim Cattrall), Charlotte York Goldenblatt (Kristin Davis), and Miranda Hobbes (Cynthia Nixon), dealing with their lives as single women in New York City. The series often

breaks her diamond necklace. As Carrie is in the lobby, trying to obtain a room for the night, Big walks in. They see each other, he tells her she's ""the one"" (something she's been waiting for their entire relationship), and he takes her home to New York. Charlotte York (Kristin Davis) has had a conventional, privileged Episcopalian Connecticut upbringing and works in an art gallery. Charlotte is a classic over-achiever and perfectionist: a ""straight A"" student who attended Smith College, where she was a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma (note that there are no sororities at the real Smith College)

diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoes chemotherapy treatments. She loses her hair, and Smith shaves his head to support her. They remain together and, in the first movie, it is revealed that Samantha has moved to Los Angeles with Smith to further his career and become his manager/agent. However, she breaks up with him in the end because she can't adapt to the Californian lifestyle, he becomes too busy at work to spend as much time with her, and she misses being her old self and New York. Miranda Hobbes (Cynthia Nixon) is a career-minded lawyer with cynical views on

"The Town and the City"
of quickly written ""spontaneous prose"". ""The Town and the City"" was written before Kerouac had developed his own style, and it is heavily influenced by Thomas Wolfe (even down to the title, reminiscent of Wolfe titles such as ""The Web and the Rock""). The novel is focused on two locations (as suggested by the title): one, the early Beat Generation circle of New York in the late 1940s, the other, the nearly rural small town of Galloway, Massachusetts that the main character comes from, before going off to college on a football scholarship. Galloway represents the town of Lowell, Massachusetts,

"The Rolling Stones"
The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Brian Jones was the original leader of the group. The band's primary songwriters, Jagger and Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager. Their musical focus shifted from covering blues songs to

of the beach, to keep the sound in sync with the music from the stage; for every of beach, the sound had to be delayed an additional second. Current members Former members Early members Current touring members Former touring musicians Selected studio albums The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as

band and individually. They are also credited with changing the ""whole business model of popular music"". The band has received, and been nominated for multiple awards during their 55 years together including: three Grammy awards (and 12 nominations), the Juno award for International Entertainer of the Year in 1991, U.K.'s Jazz FM Awards Album of the Year (2017) for their album ""Blue & Lonesome"", and ""NME"" (""New Musical Express"") awards such as best live band and the NME award for best music film, for their documentary ""Crossfire Hurricane"". On Mick Jagger's 75th birthday, scientists named seven fossil stoneflies after present

eight consecutive No. 1 studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart. In 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger became childhood friends and classmates in 1950 in Dartford, Kent. The Jagger family moved to Wilmington, Kent, away, in 1954. In the mid-1950s, Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor; the group mainly played material by Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin' Wolf and Bo Diddley. Jagger met Richards again on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford

writing original material, a decision with which Jones did not agree. Jones left the band less than a month before his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and continues on guitar in tandem with Richards. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. The Stones' touring keyboardists have included Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present). The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of

join the band. They objected to playing the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs preferred by Jagger and Richards. In June 1962 the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman completed the line-up of Jagger, Richards, Jones, Stewart and Taylor. According to Richards, Jones named the band during a phone call to ""Jazz News"". When asked by a journalist for the band's name, Jones saw a Muddy Waters LP lying on the floor; one of the tracks was ""Rollin' Stone"". Jones, Jagger, Richards, Stewart, and Taylor played a gig billed as ""the Rollin' Stones"" on 12 July 1962, at the Marquee

"Keith Richards"
Keith Richards Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English musician and songwriter, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones. ""Rolling Stone"" magazine called Richards the creator of ""rock's greatest single body of riffs"" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its ""Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"" list. Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same

"Brian Jones"
Brian Jones Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as the founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones. Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and mellotron, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone and numerous others. Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the ""ancient art of

the Beatles. The band's name was changed shortly after their first gig to ""The Rolling Stones"". The group's then acting manager, Giorgio Gomelsky, secured a Sunday afternoon residency at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, London, in February 1963. He claimed this triggered an ""international renaissance for the blues"". In May 1963, The Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager. His previous clients, the Beatles directed the former publicist to the band. Because Oldham was only nineteen and had not reached the age of majority—he was also younger than anyone in the band—he could not obtain an agent's licence

"Band of Joy"
Band of Joy Band of Joy (sometimes known as Robert Plant and the Band of Joy) are a rock band from England. Various line-ups of the group performed from 1965 to 1968 and from 1977 to 1983. Robert Plant revived the band's name in 2010 for a concert tour of North America and Europe. The band is notable for including two musicians, Robert Plant and John Bonham, who went on to join Led Zeppelin; and, to a lesser degree, because the band's one-time roadie was Noddy Holder, who later went on to front the band Slade. Band of Joy was

"History of the Caribbean"
will which excluded me from my share when the world was being divided.” Giovanni da Verrazzano (aka Jean Florin) led the first recorded French corsair attack against Spanish vessels carrying treasures from the New World. In 1523, off the Cape of St. Vincent, Portugal, his vessels captured two Spanish ships laden with a fabulous treasure consisting of 70,000 ducats worth of gold, large quantities of silver and pearls, and 25,000 pounds of sugar, a much-treasured commodity at the time. The first recorded incursion in the Caribbean happened in 1528, when a lone French corsair vessel appeared off the coast of

las Casas estimated that the Taíno population of Cuba had reached 350,000 by the end of the 15th century. The Taíno cultivated the yuca root, harvested it and baked it to produce cassava bread. They also grew cotton and tobacco, and ate maize and sweet potatoes. According to History of the Indians, they had ""everything they needed for living; they had many crops, well arranged"". Christopher Columbus, on his first Spanish-sponsored voyage to the Americas in 1492, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus, who

"West Indies"
West Indies The West Indies is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagos: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago. The region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf Coast, and then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America. Indigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies. In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands, where he is believed

"Chronology of Colonial Cuba"
Chronology of Colonial Cuba The chronology of the colonial time of Cuba is about the Spanish colonial period in Cuba, and the efforts to obtain independence from the Spanish Empire and includes history from the ""discovery"" of the island by Christopher Columbus to the Spanish–American War. The Guanajatabey, Ciboney and Taíno peoples lived in Cuba in the 15th century; these were peaceful peoples and were organized in a primitive community. On October 27, 1492, the first European contact was made when Columbus was trying to sail to the Orient. Sebastián de Ocampo made the first circumnavigation of the island in

was searching for a route to India, believed the island to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland. The first sighting of a Spanish ship approaching the island was on 28 October 1492, probably at Bariay, Holguín Province, on the eastern point of the island. During a second voyage in 1494, Columbus passed along the south coast of the island, landing at various inlets including what was to become Guantánamo Bay. With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the pagans of the New World to Catholicism. On arrival, Columbus observed the

History of the Caribbean The history of the Caribbean reveals the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since the 15th century. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean and claimed the region for Spain. The First Spanish settlements were established in the Caribbean starting in 1493. Although the Spanish conquests of the Aztec empire and the Inca empire in the early sixteenth century made Mexico and Peru more desirable places for Spanish exploration and settlement, the Caribbean remained strategically important. Beginning in the 1620s and 1630s, non-Hispanic privateers, traders, and settlers established

"Caribbean Sea"
Eurasia until 1492, when Christopher Columbus sailed into Caribbean waters on a quest to find a sea route to Asia. At that time the Western Hemisphere in general was unknown to most Europeans, although it had been discovered between the years 800 and 1000 by the vikings. Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonized by several Western cultures (initially Spain, then later England, the Dutch Republic, France, Courland and Denmark). Following the colonization of the Caribbean islands, the Caribbean Sea became a busy area for European-based marine trading and transports, and this commerce eventually

"Voyages of Christopher Columbus"
the north to Costa Rica in the south. The cultures of Panama traded with both Mesoamerica and South America and can be considered transitional between those two cultural areas. Columbus proceeded to observe the people and their cultural lifestyle. He also explored the northeast coast of Cuba, landing on 28 October 1492, and the north-western coast of Hispaniola, present day Haiti, by 5 December 1492. Here, the ""Santa Maria"" ran aground on Christmas Day, December 25, 1492, and had to be abandoned. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men

"West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States"
On November 2, 1822, along with USS ""Peacock"" and the Royal Navy schooner captured five pirate vessels off Havana. On November 8, 1822, Lieutenant William Howard Allen of USS ""Alligator"" was killed in battle while leading an attack against three enemy schooners which were holding five merchantmen hostage. In the action, two of the schooners were captured and at least fourteen pirates were killed. Due to Lieutenant Allen's death, Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson authorized Commodore Porter to procure new vessels for the squadron. Porter acquired eight new shallow draft schooners, five large barges, a steam powered riverboat and

Taíno dwellings, describing them as ""looking like tents in a camp. All were of palm branches, beautifully constructed"". The Spanish began to create permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola, east of Cuba, soon after Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean, but the coast of Cuba was not fully mapped by Europeans until 1509, when Sebastián de Ocampo completed this task. In 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar set out from Hispaniola to form the first Spanish settlement in Cuba, with orders from Spain to conquer the island. The settlement was at Baracoa, but the new settlers were to be greeted with

"Lesley Gore"
Lesley Gore Lesley Sue Goldstein (May 2, 1946 – February 16, 2015), known professionally as Lesley Gore, was an American singer, songwriter, actress, and activist. At the age of 16 (in 1963) she recorded the pop hit ""It's My Party"", and followed it up with other hits including ""Judy's Turn to Cry"", ""She's a Fool"", ""You Don't Own Me"", ""Maybe I Know"" and ""California Nights"". Gore also worked as an actress and composed songs with her brother, Michael Gore, for the 1980 film ""Fame"", for which she was nominated for an Academy Award. She hosted an LGBT-oriented public television show,

"The Party (1968 film)"
as they watched this comedy. The late Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was very fond of repeating Bakshi's line, """"In India we don't think who we are, we know who we are!"""", the character's reply to a hostile ""who do you think you are?"" The score of ""The Party"" was composed by Henry Mancini, including the song ""Nothing to Lose."" Mancini, commenting on audience reactions, noted, ""That's what I get for writing a nice song for a comedy. Nobody's going to hear a note of it."" During a scene later in the film, the band can be heard playing ""It

"Let's Party (Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers song)"
earlier singles ""Swing the Mood"" and ""That's What I Like"" to number one on the charts. This time the records melodic hook is provided by Joe Loss's ""March of the Mods"". Unlike Jive Bunny's previous two hits, it was not a major international hit, although it reached No. 2 in Ireland, and charted in several other European nations. The difference was it sampled classic Christmas songs instead. These included the 1973 Christmas No. 1 Slade's ""Merry Xmas Everybody"" and Gary Glitter's ""Another Rock and Roll Christmas"". It also included Wizzard's ""I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday"" but, as they

of adolescent heartbreak ever waxed—Quincy Jones produced the record, although you'd swear it was Aaron Spelling instead."" ""It's My Party"" was credited to John Gluck, Wally Gold and Herb Weiner, staff writers at the Aaron Schroeder Music firm in 1962. The lyrics were actually written by Seymour Gottlieb, a freelance songwriter. He gave the lyrics to Herb Weiner, with whom he partnered in writing songs, to peddle. It was based on actual events relating to Gottlieb's daughter Judy's ‘Sweet 16’ party, before which she cried over the prospect of her grandparents being invited. The demo for the song was cut

became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as

the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle to become a prince again. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury. Walt Disney first

song to Belle rather than her father. Wise and Trousdale agreed, and the sequence and song were retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went through a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Originally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it was changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did not think her voice was suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least one take and told her to perform the song as she saw fit.

the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston. The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,461 performances. , it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history. In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script. Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of

Award for Best European Film at the 27th European Film Awards. It also received three nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Production Design for Thierry Flamand. A widowed merchant (André Dussollier) is forced to move to the countryside after going bankrupt, with his six children, three sons and three daughters. His youngest daughter, Belle (Léa Seydoux) is the only one happy with the change. When one of the merchant's ships is found, the merchant prepares to return to reclaim his assets. While his two older, spoiled daughters give him a long list of expensive things to bring back

early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again. The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why. Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from ""The Little Mermaid"" as Belle. They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded ""more like a woman than a girl"". According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she ""had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made

"Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series)"
in particular, there is some connection to the Jean Cocteau's 1946 French film, ""La Belle et la Bête"". George R.R. Martin, who would later write the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" book series, was a writer and producer on the show. In 2004 and 2007, ""Beauty and the Beast"" was ranked #14 and #17, respectively, on ""TV Guide""'s Top Cult Shows Ever. Catherine Chandler (played by Linda Hamilton) is abducted, beaten, slashed and left to die in Central Park because she was inadvertently mistaken for somebody else. She is rescued and cared for by Vincent (played by Ron Perlman)

kidnapped by a man named Gabriel (played by Stephen McHattie), the ruthless head of a huge criminal empire she had been investigating, which was trying to corrupt the D.A.'s office. She was killed, but not before giving birth to Vincent's son, who was held hostage by the evil Gabriel. Catherine's boss and close friend Joe Maxwell (Jay Acovone) hired Diana Bennett (Jo Anderson), a criminal profiler with the police department, to track down Catherine's killer. Quite naturally, her investigation ultimately led her to the now darkly obsessed and grieving Vincent. Although still popular with its dedicated fans, the darker, more

On December 23, 2016, the FAA approved the large cranes to build the stadium. On May 18, 2017, developers announced that record rainfall in the area had postponed the stadium's completion and opening from 2019 to until the 2020 NFL season. On August 8, 2017, the LA Stadium Premiere Center in Playa Vista, California opened as a place for suite buyers and season ticket holders to preview the stadium. The center contains a massive replica model of the stadium, giving potential buyers a preview of what they can expect when the stadium opens. The NFL announced that NFL Media will

add 200,000 square feet of space to the LA Stadium campus and move from its current facility in Culver City around 2021. In addition to office and studio space, the new facility also will feature NFL Media’s first outdoor studio and studio space to host live audiences. On June 26, 2018, the stadium reached 40% completion. The project ""topped out"" which is a construction term used to signify that the highest steel beam on the stadium has been put into place. The stadium is being built privately, but the developer is seeking significant tax breaks from Inglewood. The cost of

projected for August 2020, it will mark the return of major professional sports to Inglewood for the first time since the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings left The Forum for Staples Center in May 1999. The stadium will host Super Bowl LVI in 2022. It was initially to host Super Bowl LV in 2021, but construction delays mentioned above have pushed back the Super Bowl hosting duties by one year (NFL owners voted to move Super Bowl LV to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida). On November 1, 2017, it was announced that the stadium will host the

of up to 6,000 seats while reconfiguring the previously approved Hollywood Park plan for up to 900,000 square feet of retail, 800,000 square feet of office space, 2,500 new residential and condo units, a 300-room luxury hotel and 25 acres of public parks, playgrounds, open space, a lake and pedestrian, bicycle and mass-transit access for future services. The stadium would be ready by 2019. On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved the stadium plan and the initiative with construction on the stadium planned to begin in December 2015. On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved plans

used for. There was, however, speculation about the future of the Rams franchise until it was reported that the National Football League would not be allowing any franchise relocation for the 2015 season. On January 5, 2015, Stockbridge Capital, the owners of the Hollywood Park Land Company, announced that it had partnered with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment to add the northern 60-acre parcel to the rest of the development project and build a multi-purpose 70,240-seat stadium designed for the NFL. The project will include the stadium of up to 100,240 seats (including standing room-only seats) and a performance entertainment venue

"Hollywood Park Racetrack"
home of the Los Angeles Rams and the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League, when the stadium is completed in 2020. Until then, the Rams temporarily play home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Chargers play at the StubHub Center. The track was opened on June 10, 1938 by the Hollywood Turf Club the racetrack was designed by noted racetrack architect Arthur Froehlich. Its chairman was Jack L. Warner of the Warner Bros. film studio. Prominent shareholders included Jack Warner's brother and fellow Warner Bros. executive Harry, Hollywood studio executives Walt Disney, Samuel Goldwyn, Darryl

teams from the same league as Staples Center is home to both of the city's National Basketball Association (NBA) teams, the Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers, StubHub Center for a time hosted both the LA Galaxy and now-defunct Chivas USA of Major League Soccer, and Dodger Stadium hosted the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels from 1962 to 1965. The stadium is a component of Hollywood Park, a master planned neighborhood in development on the site of the former Hollywood Park Racetrack. Hollywood Park Casino opened in October 2016, becoming the first establishment to open on the

with a 5–0 unanimous vote to combine the 60-acre plot of land with the larger Hollywood Park development and rezone the area to include sports and entertainment capabilities. This essentially cleared the way for developers to begin construction on the venue as planned in December 2015. It was also reported, in early February 2015, that ""earth was being moved"" and the site was being graded to be prepared for the construction that would begin later in the year. The NFL approved the Inglewood proposal and the Rams' relocation back to Los Angeles, 30–2, on January 12, 2016. On July 14,

"Tessa Peake-Jones"
and a son, Charlie, born c. 2000. Tessa Peake-Jones Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Raquel in the BBC sitcom ""Only Fools and Horses"", whom she played from December 1988 until the programme ended in 2003. She was educated at Kenmore Park Junior School, Harrow and Downer Grammar School, now known as Canons High School, before training at the Central School of Speech and Drama. Peake-Jones is best known for playing Raquel Turner, the longtime partner of the main character Derek ""Del Boy"" Trotter, in the television comedy ""Only

Tessa Peake-Jones Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Raquel in the BBC sitcom ""Only Fools and Horses"", whom she played from December 1988 until the programme ended in 2003. She was educated at Kenmore Park Junior School, Harrow and Downer Grammar School, now known as Canons High School, before training at the Central School of Speech and Drama. Peake-Jones is best known for playing Raquel Turner, the longtime partner of the main character Derek ""Del Boy"" Trotter, in the television comedy ""Only Fools and Horses"". She had a co-starring

"Raquel Turner"
Raquel Turner Rachel ""Raquel"" Turner (formerly Slater; born 4 June 1957) is a fictional character from the BBC television sit-com ""Only Fools and Horses"", in which she was Del Boy's longtime girlfriend. She was portrayed by Tessa Peake-Jones. With ""Only Fools and Horses"" moving into its sixth series, writer John Sullivan wanted Del Boy to start looking for more mature women, rather than continually chasing 20-year-olds, and to have a long-term relationship, so he came up with the character Raquel for the 1988 Christmas special episode, ""Dates"". During the episode, she was introduced to Del via a dating agency and

his ""significant other"", a term she does not seem to appreciate. Her character also changed as the show went on, moving from an ambitious woman lacking in confidence, to a tougher sarcastic one unafraid to stand up to Del's scheming and fast-talking nature. Raquel Turner Rachel ""Raquel"" Turner (formerly Slater; born 4 June 1957) is a fictional character from the BBC television sit-com ""Only Fools and Horses"", in which she was Del Boy's longtime girlfriend. She was portrayed by Tessa Peake-Jones. With ""Only Fools and Horses"" moving into its sixth series, writer John Sullivan wanted Del Boy to start looking

"Minnie Driver"
You Think You Are?"", in which she searched for information about her late father and found that he had a brother, Leslie, who became an actor in repertory theatre. On 11 October 2016, Driver said that she had been sexually assaulted at the age of 17 while on holiday in Greece. On 21 December 2017, Driver became an American citizen. Minnie Driver Amelia Fiona ""Minnie"" Driver (born 31 January 1970) is an English American actress and singer-songwriter. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Gus Van Sant's ""Good Will Hunting"" (1997) for her role as

"Sue Holderness"
Sue Holderness Susan Joan Pringle Holderness (born 28 May 1949) is an English actress. She played the role of Marlene Boyce in the British sitcom ""Only Fools and Horses"" (from 1985 to 2003) and its spin-off ""The Green Green Grass"" (from 2005 until 2009). Holderness was born in Hampstead, London. After taking her A-levels, she trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She began her acting career with Manchester’s 69 Theatre Company in ""A Midsummer Night’s Dream"", ""Peer Gynt"" and as Desdemona in ""Catch My Soul"" (Jack Good’s rock-musical version of ""Othello""). She has worked consistently in theatre,

"Faith Brook"
Faith Brook Faith Brook (16 February 1922 – 11 March 2012) was an English actress who appeared on stage, in films and on television, generally in upper-class roles. She was the daughter of actor Clive Brook. Although she was born in York, England, she was raised in Hollywood. Her father was the actor Clive Brook, and her brother Lyndon Brook was also an actor. Brook was educated in Los Angeles, London and Gstaad, Switzerland. As a teenager, she studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Brook's screen debut came via a bit part in ""Suspicion"" (1941). Her first credited

"Beth Morris"
lived in Y Garn, Penllergaer, and was found dead in her home on St David's at the age of 74. Beth Morris Bethany ""Beth"" Morris (19 July 1943 – 1 March 2018) was a Welsh actress. Born in Gorseinon and a lifetime native of Swansea, she was probably best known for her performance as Julia Drusilla in the 1976 BBC adaptation of ""I, Claudius"". Her career spanned from 1969 to 2004 and other notable TV credits include: ""Softly, Softly"", ""Dixon of Dock Green"", ""Blake's 7"", ""Minder"", ""The District Nurse"" and ""Time Trumpet"". Among her stage roles, she appeared in Bertolt

"Suzanne Bertish"
Suzanne Bertish Suzanne C. Bertish (born 7 August 1951, Hammersmith, London) is an English actress. Educated at Woldingham School, Bertish joined the Royal Shakespeare Company and appeared in many of its productions, including its marathon eight-and-a-half-hour version of Charles Dickens's ""The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby"", in which she played three roles. She repeated these three roles in the 1982 television version of the complete play. She was later seen in the BBC Television Shakespeare production of Shakespeare's ""The Comedy of Errors"" (1983) as Adriana. She has also played small roles in several films, including the Harrison Ford vehicle

"Stockard Channing"
has been in a relationship with cinematographer Daniel Gillham for more than 20 years; they met on the set of ""A Time of Destiny"". The couple reside in Maine when not working. Stockard Channing Stockard Channing (born Susan Antonia Williams Stockard; February 13, 1944) is an American stage, film and television actress. She is known for playing Betty Rizzo in the film ""Grease"" (1978) and First Lady Abbey Bartlet on the NBC television series ""The West Wing"" (1999–2006). She is also known for originating the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of ""Six Degrees of Separation"",

"Beast (2017 film)"
On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 74 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Beast (2017 film) Beast (Prince Boyet) is a 2017 British psychological thriller film written and directed by Michael Pearce, starring Jessie Buckley, Johnny Flynn, and Geraldine James. The film had its world premiere in the Platform section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. 27-year-old Moll works as a tour guide while living with her wealthy parents to help care for her father with dementia. The community is on-edge following a string of unsolved rapes and murders of

Beast (2017 film) Beast (Prince Boyet) is a 2017 British psychological thriller film written and directed by Michael Pearce, starring Jessie Buckley, Johnny Flynn, and Geraldine James. The film had its world premiere in the Platform section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. 27-year-old Moll works as a tour guide while living with her wealthy parents to help care for her father with dementia. The community is on-edge following a string of unsolved rapes and murders of young women in the area. During Moll’s birthday party, her sister hijacks the reception to announce that she is pregnant with twins.

"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
Beast in a live-action adaptation of the film, which was released on March 17, 2017. The Beast was portrayed with a “more traditional motion capture puppeteering for the body and the physical orientation"", where Stevens was ""in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film"". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately order to ""communicate the subtleties of the human face"" and ""[capture the] thought that occurs to him"" which gets ""through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast.” The live-action portrayal closely follows the animated version, but with some

after its premiere. It is scheduled for release in the U.S. in Spring 2018, after screening at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. Altitude Film Distribution acquired the distribution rights for the U.K. ""Beast"" had a limited theatrical release in the UK on April 27th. The film has received a positive critical response. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 94% based on 108 reviews, and an average rating of 7.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, """"Beast"" plays like bleak poetry, unfurling its psychological thrills while guided by its captivating leads and mesmerizing, visceral visuals.""

"Horrid Henry"
Horrid Henry Horrid Henry is a children's book series by Francesca Simon and illustrated by Tony Ross. The first ""Horrid Henry"" book was written and published in 1994 by Orion Books and as of 2019, there will be twenty-five titles published, as well as many other collections, activity books and joke books. Novel Entertainment produced an animated television series for CITV. It is a slice-of-life series featuring the titular Henry, a self-centred, naughty boy who has issues with authority who will typically be faced with a problem and then will often retaliate in interesting ways that involve trickery, rule-breaking and

Big Box Of Pranks released as an app which is available for iOS devices. Horrid Henry Horrid Henry is a children's book series by Francesca Simon and illustrated by Tony Ross. The first ""Horrid Henry"" book was written and published in 1994 by Orion Books and as of 2019, there will be twenty-five titles published, as well as many other collections, activity books and joke books. Novel Entertainment produced an animated television series for CITV. It is a slice-of-life series featuring the titular Henry, a self-centred, naughty boy who has issues with authority who will typically be faced with a

"Horrid Henry (book)"
to go with modernized things and the story ends with the family eating crisps and watching a TV the size of their tent. Horrid Henry (book) Horrid Henry is the first book of the ""Horrid Henry"" series. It was published in 1994 and written by Francesca Simon and illustrated by Tony Ross. The book is a collection of short stories about the same characters, along the lines of the Just William books. Horrid Henry is a horrid boy who loves doing unimaginable horrible things. He throws food, he snatches things, he pushes, shoves and pinches. He has a younger brother

"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling"
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. It is both a ""Bildungsroman"" and a picaresque novel. It was first published on 28 February 1749 in London, and is among the earliest English prose works to be classified as a novel. It is the earliest novel mentioned by W. Somerset Maugham in his 1948 book ""Great Novelists and Their Novels"" among the ten best novels of the world. It totals 346,747 words divided into 18 smaller books,

"Henry of Huntingdon"
dine on lampreys. Such touches rendered his history popular – there are twenty-five surviving manuscripts – and they embedded his anecdotes firmly into popular history. ""Historia Anglorum"" was first printed by Sir Henry Savile in 1596 in the historical miscellany ""Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam praecipui"". Henry's sources included: As an author, Henry distinguished himself in his youth by writing poetry, comprising eight books of epigrams, eight books on love, and the so-called ""Anglicanus ortus"", eight books on herbs, spices and gems united by a medical theme. Of these, two books of epigrams and the eight medical books survive, the

"Horrid Mysteries"
Horrid Mysteries The Horrid Mysteries, subtitled ""A Story From the German Of The Marquis Of Grosse"" is a translation by Peter Will of the German Gothic novel ""Der Genius"" by Carl Grosse. It was listed as one of the seven ""horrid novels"" by Jane Austen in her ""Northanger Abbey"" and also mentioned by Thomas Love Peacock in ""Nightmare Abbey"". It was first published by the sensationalist Minerva Press in 1796. A later, two-volume edition published by Robert Holden and Co., Ltd. in 1927 includes a new introductory essay by Montague Summers. The books were bound in pictoral boards, and feature

library of Dr Richard Mead, physician to George II, was ""Tom Jones"". Mead was a strong and active advocate for Fielding's work, which relates to Fielding's keen interest in the Jacobite rising of 1745. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. It is both a ""Bildungsroman"" and a picaresque novel. It was first published on 28 February 1749 in London, and is among the earliest English prose works to be classified as a novel. It is

Horrid Henry (book) Horrid Henry is the first book of the ""Horrid Henry"" series. It was published in 1994 and written by Francesca Simon and illustrated by Tony Ross. The book is a collection of short stories about the same characters, along the lines of the Just William books. Horrid Henry is a horrid boy who loves doing unimaginable horrible things. He throws food, he snatches things, he pushes, shoves and pinches. He has a younger brother called Perfect Peter. He is an extremely perfect boy who does uncountable good deeds. He always says ""Please"" and ""Thank You"", he loves

each preceded by a discursive chapter, often on topics unrelated to the book itself. It is dedicated to George Lyttleton. The novel is highly organized, despite its length. Samuel Taylor Coleridge argued that it has one of the ""three most perfect plots ever planned."" It became a bestseller, with four editions being published in its first year alone. ""Tom Jones"" is generally regarded as Fielding's greatest book and as a very influential English novel. The novel's events occupy eighteen books. The book opens with the narrator stating that the purpose of the novel will be to explore ""human nature."" The

von Grosse's Horrid Mysteries..."" Horrid Mysteries The Horrid Mysteries, subtitled ""A Story From the German Of The Marquis Of Grosse"" is a translation by Peter Will of the German Gothic novel ""Der Genius"" by Carl Grosse. It was listed as one of the seven ""horrid novels"" by Jane Austen in her ""Northanger Abbey"" and also mentioned by Thomas Love Peacock in ""Nightmare Abbey"". It was first published by the sensationalist Minerva Press in 1796. A later, two-volume edition published by Robert Holden and Co., Ltd. in 1927 includes a new introductory essay by Montague Summers. The books were bound in

"Return of the Mack"
Return of the Mack ""Return of the Mack"" is a song written and recorded by the British R&B singer Mark Morrison. It was released in the United Kingdom in March 1996 and topped the UK Singles Chart a month later. It reached the number-one spot on the UK Singles Chart in April 1996 and number 2 on the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100 in June 1997 for one week behind ""MMMBop"" by Hanson, and went Platinum. The song's beat is sampled from the song ""Genius of Love"" by American band Tom Tom Club. ""Games"" by Chuckii Booker was also sampled. CD

digital download through Straightforward Music, Nourishing Music, and Capitol Records on 23 September 2016. This song has since received commercial successful by peaking inside top 20 in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, while received chart appearance in many other countries. In 2012 ""Return of the Mack"" was sampled again in a song by Trae Tha Truth called ""I'm On"" which samples the opening vocals from ""Return of the Mack"" and features MDMA, Lupe Fiasco, Big Boi, Wale & Wiz Khalifa. And in June 2012, he made a remix called ""I'm On 2.0"". Return of the Mack ""Return

"Return of the Mack (album)"
Return of the Mack (album) Return of the Mack is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Mark Morrison. It was first released through his Mack Life Records imprint in the United Kingdom and then released by Atlantic Records in the United States, with distribution via Warner Music Group on April 22, 1996. The album includes a well-known popular song ""Return of the Mack"", in which the song stayed for a remarkable forty-one weeks on the US ""Billboard"" charts. Upon its release, ""Return of the Mack"" received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Morrison's strong voice and entertaining songs,

"Mark Morrison"
Mark Morrison Mark Morrison (born 3 May 1972) is a British R&B singer. His single, ""Return of the Mack"", became a No. 1 or Top 10 hit in several European countries in 1996. The song peaked at No. 2 in the United States the following year. Born in Hannover, West Germany, to Bajan parents, he grew up in Highfields, Leicester, United Kingdom and attended Rushey Mead School (now Rushey Mead Academy), before moving to Miami. At the age of 19, he moved back to Britain. Mark Morrison's first official recording was the 1993 vinyl release, ""Where Is Our Love"", pressed

classic, entitled ""Return of the Mac and Cheetos"". In August 2017, Emma Hamilton was chosen by Mark to sing the vocals on his hit single ""Return of The Mack."" This is currently in progress and being remixed with Emma featuring in the updated music video. Mark Morrison Mark Morrison (born 3 May 1972) is a British R&B singer. His single, ""Return of the Mack"", became a No. 1 or Top 10 hit in several European countries in 1996. The song peaked at No. 2 in the United States the following year. Born in Hannover, West Germany, to Bajan parents, he

"The Mack"
The Mack The Mack is a 1973 blaxploitation film directed by California native Michael Campus, starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. The film also stars Oscar-nominee Juanita Moore, and Tony nominated actor Dick Anthony Williams. Filmed in Oakland, California the movie follows the rise and fall of Goldie. After returning home from a 5-year prison sentence, he returns home to find his brother involved in Black nationalism. Goldie decides to take an alternative path, striving to become the city’s biggest pimp. Although the movie was produced during the era of such blaxploitation movies as ""Dolemite"", its producers do not label

"The Mack"
was present. The New Line DVD release restored the original Willie Hutch score to the film. The Mack The Mack is a 1973 blaxploitation film directed by California native Michael Campus, starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. The film also stars Oscar-nominee Juanita Moore, and Tony nominated actor Dick Anthony Williams. Filmed in Oakland, California the movie follows the rise and fall of Goldie. After returning home from a 5-year prison sentence, he returns home to find his brother involved in Black nationalism. Goldie decides to take an alternative path, striving to become the city’s biggest pimp. Although the movie

single – US CD single – Europe 12"" maxi – US 12"" maxi – Europe American hip-hop/rap artist Mann released a cover version of the song, featuring vocals from Snoop Dogg and Iyaz. His version is simply titled ""The Mack"". The single was released in the United Kingdom on 23 May 2011 as a digital download. The Music Video premiered on Mann's YouTube Channel on 28 June. It was released in the United States on 5 July 2011. A music video to accompany the release of ""The Mack"" was first released onto YouTube on June 23, 2011 at a total

album was largely self-produced by Morrison, and was recorded over a two-year period. The album's release was preceded by the release of three singles. At the 1997 BRIT Awards held on 24 February 1997, he performed ""Return of the Mack"". The debut song ""Crazy"" became a top 20 hit in the UK. It was later featured in the 1997 film """" and appeared on the film's . The second single was ""Let's Get Down"". ""Return of the Mack"" received mixed reviews from music critics. ""Entertainment Weekly"" writer Matt Diehl wrote ""its title, ""Return of the Mack"" sounds like another rap

August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second

"A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet ""A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"" is a popular reference to William Shakespeare's play ""Romeo and Juliet"", in which Juliet seems to argue that it does not matter that Romeo is from her family's rival house of Montague, that is, that he is named ""Montague"". The reference is often used to imply that the names of things do not affect what they really are. This formulation is, however, a paraphrase of Shakespeare's actual language. Juliet compares Romeo to a rose saying that if he were not

Rosaline
of the play. Rosaline is a variant of Rosalind, a name of Old French origin: (""hros"" = ""horse"", ""lind"" = ""soft, tender""). When it was imported into English it was thought to be from the Latin ""rosa linda"" (""lovely rose""). Romeo sees Rosaline as the embodiment of the rose because of her name and her apparent perfections. The name Rosaline commonly appears in Petrarchan sonnets, a form of poetry Romeo uses to woo Juliet and to describe both Rosaline and Juliet. Since Rosaline is unattainable, she is a perfect subject for this style; but Romeo's attempt at it is forced

"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose"
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose The sentence ""Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose."" was written by Gertrude Stein as part of the 1913 poem ""Sacred Emily"", which appeared in the 1922 book ""Geography and Plays"". In that poem, the first ""Rose"" is the name of a person. Stein later used variations on the sentence in other writings, and ""A rose is a rose is a rose"" is among her most famous quotations, often interpreted as meaning ""things are what they are"", a statement of the law of identity, ""A is A"".

a man’ could be reconnected into verse through correction with Q1. Modern editors have generally concurred. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet ""A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"" is a popular reference to William Shakespeare's play ""Romeo and Juliet"", in which Juliet seems to argue that it does not matter that Romeo is from her family's rival house of Montague, that is, that he is named ""Montague"". The reference is often used to imply that the names of things do not affect what they really are. This formulation is, however, a paraphrase

"The Rose and the Amaranth"
The Rose and the Amaranth The Rose and the Amaranth is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 369 in the Perry Index. It stands in contrast to those plant fables like The Oak and the Reed and The Trees and the Bramble in which the protagonists arrogantly debate with each other. In this, however, the lowly amaranth praises the rose for its beauty and reputation and is answered, equally humbly, that a rose's life is brief while the amaranth (the name of which means literally 'the undying flower') is everlasting. In Classical times there were only Greek versions of the story

"Rose (symbolism)"
Rose (symbolism) The rose has long been used as a symbol. ""Rose"" means pink or red in a variety of languages (such as the Romance languages, and Greek). In ancient Greece, the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite. In the ""Iliad"", Aphrodite protects the body of Hector using the ""immortal oil of the rose"" and the archaic Greek lyric poet Ibycus praises a beautiful youth saying that Aphrodite nursed him ""among rose blossoms"". The second-century AD Greek travel writer Pausanias associates the rose with the story of Adonis and states that the rose is red because Aphrodite wounded

"The Name of the Rose"
The name of the central character, William of Baskerville, alludes both to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes (compare ""The Hound of the Baskervilles"" – also, Adso's description of William in the beginning of the book resembles, almost word for word, Dr. Watson's description of Sherlock Holmes when he first makes his acquaintance in ""A Study in Scarlet"") and to William of Ockham (see the next section). The name of the narrator, his apprentice Adso of Melk is among other things a pun on Simplicio from Galileo Galilei's ""Dialogue""; Adso deriving from ""ad Simplicio"" (""to Simplicio""). Adso's putative place of origin,

appear at widely separated places in ""Sacred Emily"": Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose The sentence ""Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose."" was written by Gertrude Stein as part of the 1913 poem ""Sacred Emily"", which appeared in the 1922 book ""Geography and Plays"". In that poem, the first ""Rose"" is the name of a person. Stein later used variations on the sentence in other writings, and ""A rose is a rose is a rose"" is among her most famous quotations, often interpreted as meaning ""things are what they are"", a statement

"Rose (given name)"
Rose (given name) Rose is a given female name. It is a late Latin name derived from ""rosa"", meaning ""rose"". Nicknames are Rosa, Rosalie, Rosina, Rosaria, Rosie. Similar names are Rosanna, Roseanne, Rosamunde. Rose was originally a Norman form of a German name Hrodheid, composed of the words Hrod (""fame"") and Heid (""kind"", ""type""). It was originally spelled (by the Normans) Roese or Rohese. It was used in England, Italy, and France throughout the Middle Ages, and its popularity increased during the 19th century while still regarded as being a flower name. The name of the flower has the etymology

named Romeo he would still be handsome and be Juliet's love. This states that if he were not Romeo, then he would not be a Montague and she would be able to get married with no problem at all. In Act II, Scene II of the play, the line is said by Juliet in reference to Romeo's house: Montague. The line implies that his name means nothing and they should be together. Juliet: O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I'll no

what type of plate boundary is associated with iceland and its volcanic eruptions

"Geology of Iceland"
Geology of Iceland The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plume. The plume is believed to have caused the formation of Iceland itself, the island first appearing over the ocean surface about 16 to 18 million years ago. The result is an island characterized by repeated volcanism and geothermal phenomena such as geysers. The eruption of Laki in 1783 caused much devastation and loss of life, leading to a famine that killed

to the location of the plume beneath the thick Greenland craton for ~ 15 Myr after continental breakup, and the later entrenchment of the plume material into the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge following its formation. Iceland hotspot The Iceland hotspot is a hotspot which is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the island of Iceland. Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world, with eruptions occurring on average roughly every three years (in the 20th century there were 39 volcanic eruptions on and around Iceland). About a third of the basaltic lavas erupted

"Iceland plume"
The initial plume head may have been several thousand kilometers in diameter, and it erupted volcanic rocks on both sides of the present ocean basin to produce the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Upon further opening of the ocean and plate drift, the plume and the mid-Atlantic Ridge are postulated to have approached one another, and finally met. The excess magmatism that accompanied the transition from flood volcanism on Greenland, Ireland and Norway to present-day Icelandic activity was the result of ascent of the hot mantle source beneath progressively thinning lithosphere, according to the plume model, or a postulated unusually productive

"Geological deformation of Iceland"
Geological deformation of Iceland The geological deformation of Iceland is the way that the rocks of the island of Iceland are changing due to tectonic forces. The geological deformation explains the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, fissures, and the shape of the island. Iceland is the largest landmass (102,775 km²) situated on an oceanic ridge. It is an elevated plateau of the sea floor, situated at the crossing of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge. It lies along the oceanic divergent plate boundary of North American Plate and Eurasian Plate. The western part of Iceland sits on the North American

are strongly influenced by the spreading plate boundary and the Iceland hotspot. The buoyancy of the deep-seated mantle plume underneath has uplifted the Iceland Basalt Plateau to as high as 3000 meters. The hot spot also produces high volcanic activity on the plate boundary. There are two major geologic and topographic structural trends in Iceland. One strikes northeast in Southern Iceland and strikes nearly north in northern Iceland. The other one strikes approximately west-northwest. Altogether they produce a zigzag pattern. The pattern is shown by faults, volcanic fissures, valleys, dikes, volcanoes, grabens and fault scarps. The geological deformation of Iceland

time-progressive volcanic track caused by the movement of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian hotspot, no such track can be seen at Iceland. It is proposed that the line from Grímsvötn volcano to Surtsey shows the movement of the Eurasian Plate, and the line from Grímsvötn volcano to Reykjanes volcanic belt shows the movement of the North American Plate. It is believed that a mantle plume underlies Iceland, of which the hotspot is thought to be the surface expression, and that the presence of the plume enhances the volcanism already caused by plate separation. Additionally, flood basalts on the continental

"Aegir Ridge"
Aegir Ridge The Aegir Ridge is an extinct segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the far-northern Atlantic Ocean. It marks the initial break-up boundary between Greenland and Norway, along which seafloor spreading was initiated at the beginning of the Eocene epoch to form the northern Atlantic Ocean. Towards the end of the Eocene, the newly forming Kolbeinsey Ridge propagated northwards from Iceland, splitting the Jan Mayen Microcontinent away from the Greenland Plate. As the Kolbeinsey Ridge formed, so activity on the Aegir Ridge reduced, ceasing completely at the end of the Oligocene epoch when the Kolbeinsey Ridge reached the Jan

"Gakkel Ridge"
Gakkel Ridge The Gakkel Ridge (formerly known as the Nansen Cordillera and Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge) is a mid-oceanic ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is located in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, between Greenland and Siberia, and has a length of about 1,800 kilometers. Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift. The existence and approximate location of the Gakkel Ridge were predicted by Soviet polar explorer Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel, and confirmed on Soviet expeditions in the Arctic around 1950. The

"Doug Williams and Julie Olson"
Doug Williams and Julie Olson Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama ""Days of Our Lives"". Doug and Julie are considered to be the first supercouple in daytime television history. Doug is portrayed by Bill Hayes and Julie is portrayed by Susan Seaforth Hayes. The actors are married in real life and also still recur in their roles that made them famous on NBC's ""Days of our Lives"". Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth began to develop a romance outside of their characters' storyline. It was ""at first publicized by the

"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)"
Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives) Doug Williams is a fictional character on the American soap opera ""Days of Our Lives"". He has been portrayed by Bill Hayes since 1970. Since 1999, Hayes has continued to make recurring appearances as Doug, notably airing during the holiday seasons. Born Brent Douglas, he later changed his name to Doug Williams. He is the half-brother of Byron Carmichael. He is the father of Hope Williams and Douglas LeClair. He is the husband of Julie Williams, whom he has married three times. Doug is also the ex-husband of Kim Douglas and Lee DuMonde and

returned again in the spring of 2015 with Julie to visit Hope. Both Doug and Julie were highly involved with the show's 50th anniversary and were around to help Hope deal with the sudden death of Bo Brady from cancer. Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives) Doug Williams is a fictional character on the American soap opera ""Days of Our Lives"". He has been portrayed by Bill Hayes since 1970. Since 1999, Hayes has continued to make recurring appearances as Doug, notably airing during the holiday seasons. Born Brent Douglas, he later changed his name to Doug Williams. He is

he and Julie would have children in the future, Doug informed Neil Curtis, the head of the hospital's surrogate program, that he no longer wanted the surrogate mother's child. He was completely unaware that the woman who was carrying his child was none other than Rebecca North, Hope's nanny. In time, Neil secretly told Doug that Rebecca was carrying his child. Doug confronted Rebecca with this fact and they both agreed to keep this a secret since she had recently married Doug's best friend, Robert LeClair. She soon gave birth to a son, whom she named Dougie LeClair in honor

"Julie Olson Williams"
met her husband Bill). Susan's previous soap roles included ""General Hospital"" and ""The Young Marrieds"", but made a few appearances on ""Hallmark Hall of Fame"", ""Bonanza"", and ""Dragnet"". In portraying Julie, the actress drew on the ""self-centered"" and ""haughty"" traits she recognized in herself while in college. In 1970, Bill Hayes joined the cast as Doug Williams. The Hayeses themselves were a couple whose onscreen and real-life romance (they met on the series in 1970) was widely covered by both the soap opera magazines and the mainstream press. Bill and Susan eventually fell in love and married, becoming the first

"Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)"
she plans to elope with Doug and honeymoon in Portofino and wants to bring David along. However, Doug is not interested in parenthood and he spontaneously marries Julie's mother Addile Olson (Patricia Barry). After Scott's death in early 1973, Julie sends David off to military school. The 18 year old David (Richard Guthrie) returns in the summer of 1975 with his new girlfriend Brooke Hamilton (Adrienne LaRussa). Brooke is jealous of David's growing closeness with his mother Julie and to drive a wedge between them, Brooke spread rumors about Julie being unfaithful to his stepfather Bob Anderson (Mark Tapscott) and

soapmill as 'just friends,' but slowly it developed into a full-scale love affair."" On an October 1974 weekend, the two secretly married. Only a few friends of the couple knew about the event. When the press got knowledge of this, it ""set off a commotion among fans, who wrote endless letters to the show asking that the couple also be allowed to get married in the story. If they could get married in real life, so the argument went, they certainly should be able to get together on screen."" The writers of ""Days of our Lives"" refused popular demand, and

work on ""Days"". She has also won two Soapy Awards for Best Actress and Favorite Romantic Female in 1977. She has been described as a legend, and television icon for the soap. Julie was born on March 31, 1949, to Addie Horton and Ben Olson. As ""Days of our Lives"" begins in 1965, Julie is a rebellious teenager part of the series's Horton family. In the first episode, Julie steals an expensive mink from a department store and is caught by a security guard and arrested. Julie moves in with her grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, when her parents move

"Days of Our Lives"
Maggie Horton has been on the show since 1973, and Susan Seaforth Hayes has played Julie Olson Williams since 1968 with a few breaks in between, and also her husband Bill Hayes, who has played Doug Williams since 1970, though neither Seaforth Hayes nor Hayes is employed with the serial on contract. In recent years, ""Days of Our Lives"" has hired back many former cast members. Twenty of the current contract cast members have been with the show, off-and-on, since at least 1999. Since 2005, cast members from the 1980s and 1990s, such as Christie Clark (Carrie Brady), Stephen Nichols

Julie Olson Williams Julie Olson Williams (formerly Banning and Anderson) is an original fictional character and member of the Horton family on the NBC daytime drama, ""Days of Our Lives"", a long running serial about working class life in the fictional town of Salem. The character of Julie was introduced as a 16-year-old when the show premiered in 1965, with 19-year-old Charla Doherty being the first actress to play Julie. The role is unsuccessfully recast twice with Catherine Dunn in 1967, followed by Catherine Ferrar from 1967 until 1968. The role is then taken over by actress Susan Seaforth Hayes

Superdupont
in October 2006. Superdupont is the son of the Unknown Soldier buried under the Arc de Triomphe. He is caricaturally chauvinistic and gifted with superpowers that help him to defend his country against a secret terrorist organisation called '""Anti-France"". Anti-France agents are all foreigners and thus speak the fictional language ""Anti-Français"", a mishmash of English, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and German. The physical appearance of Superdupont is a superhero version of a caricatural Frenchman (specially, as seen by the Anglophone world): he wears a beret, a striped jersey, slippers, a tricolour belt held by a safety pin, a long blue cape.

"Icicle (comics)"
and imprisoned in cages in space by the Crime Champions though, but escaped with the help of the Green Lanterns. All the villains were then captured. The Icicle met his death during the ""Crisis on Infinite Earths"", when he and several other supervillains attempted to invade the laboratory of the renegade Oan known as Krona. In the storyline """" is revealed that as young children, Bruce Wayne and Thomas Elliot witnessed a fight between Alan Scott and the Icicle during a visit in Metropolis. Joar Mahkent has been identified as one of the deceased entombed below the Hall of Justice.

SuperPatriot
SuperPatriot SuperPatriot is a fictional Image Comics superhero created by Erik Larsen in 1992. SuperPatriot has had regular appearances in Erik Larsen's titles, whether in his own mini-series or as a supporting character and is currently a member of the Liberty League. SuperPatriot was once Johnny Armstrong, a soldier in World War II. Captured by the Germans, Armstrong was used as a guinea pig for scientific experiments and gained superhuman powers. He destroyed the base at which he was being kept so the Nazis could not replicate the process on their troops and donned an American flag-styled costume to become

"Cyclone (DC Comics)"
As a 6-year old, Maxine was once kidnapped by T.O. Morrow, the mad scientist who created the second Red Tornado, a powerful android. Morrow infects Maxine with ""nanobytes"" that are the apparent source of her powers. Cheerful, bubbly, and extremely intelligent (""4.0 GPA and a 1300 SAT score in high school""), Maxine is a 19-year-old student at Harvard University and an avid fan of the works of L. Frank Baum, particularly ""The Wizard of Oz"", and linked works such as the musical ""Wicked"". However, her talkative nature and know-it-all personality often alienates her peers and leave the young woman isolated.

"Super Kid"
(or ""Gokdari Group""), protect the Earth from interstellar monsters. Eunjoo, a reporter, is desperate to get a scoop for her news programme, so she decides to write a report on the Super Kids. Led by 199-year-old child warrior Gokdari, the Super Kids are in the middle of battling two rogue criminals, Wang Do Chi and Bazooka Joe who have captured a renowned scientist. The Super Kids' fight against the two criminals largely consists of torture and humiliation, resulting in Bazooka Joe losing his clothing and Wang Do Chi losing his teeth. After collecting a reward for the capture of the

"Quickmix (Transformers)"
Quickmix (Transformers) Quickmix is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers franchise. Quickmix is an impatient, short-tempered inventor who is always in a hurry. He is constantly devising new formulas and developing new ways to defeat the Decepticons. Somewhat absent-minded, he is usually too busy starting new projects to see his old experiments through to the end. He is teamed with the mercurial Nebulon, Ricochet, who transforms into a submachine gun and the bombastic Boomer, who turns into a sonic pulse cannon. In vehicle mode,he can reach a maximum speed of 150 mph. Quickmix was a crabby, absent-minded

A-Next
Masterson is the son of the original Thunderstrike. He absorbed his father's mace into his body, and has gained the ability to produce ""thunderclaps""; bursts of concussive force from his hands. He can use them to simulate super strength or to propel him in huge Hulk-like leaps. Although he doesn't possess real super strength, he has limited invulnerability. In his civilian identity, he is a college student. The Dream Team is a fictional group of heroes in the Marvel Comics MC2 universe. They first appeared in ""A-Next"" #4, and are based upon the ""kooky quartet"" of replacement Avengers introduced in

"Creeper (DC Comics)"
Creeper (DC Comics) The Creeper (real name Jack Ryder) is a fictional character, a superhero created by Steve Ditko for DC Comics. He is portrayed as a former talk show host dressed in a wild costume with a green, yellow, and red color scheme. He is characterized by super strength, agility, and stamina; a healing factor enabling him to heal from virtually any wound; physically painful laughter; and proficiency in the martial arts. Most of his physical powers and abilities are the results of effects from serums and devices invented by scientist Dr. Vincent Yatz. The Creeper first appeared in

"Super Jrs."
of a four-year-old. In the """" episode ""The Malicious Mr. Mind!"" (2011), Doctor Sivana uses a ray on Batman that sees him regress in age. In ""Mad"" #8 (December 1953-January 1954), Batman is parodied as a little person named Bat Boy with sidekick Rubin (in place of Robin). This story would later be adapted for the """" episode ""Bat-Mite Presents: Batman's Strangest Cases!"" (2011). For ""DC Nation Shorts"", Aardman Animations produced Batman shorts featuring a juvenile Batman and a likewise treatment of his cast of characters. In ""Action Comics"" #466 (December 1976), Lex Luthor transforms Superman, Batman, and the Flash

"Super Young Team"
featured in ""Final Crisis Aftermath: Dance,"" written by Joe Casey with art by ChrisCross. In that six-part series, their fame overwhelms them, causing judgement errors and loss of self-control. Most Excellent Superbat (Heino) is the team leader. He wears a wildly stylized red and yellow uniform influenced by both Superman and Batman. According to him, his power is ""being so rich he can do anything"", but he appears to use an array of gadgets, one of which can generate an energy-based exoskeleton, he also appears to have some training in the martial arts. His secret island base is called the

"Steffy Forrester"
Steffy Forrester Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the daughters of supercouple Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss, later Thorsten Kaye) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo) during the episode airing on September 21, 1999. For the character's first five-year period, she appeared as a minor. In 2005, Steffy was rapidly aged to a teenager, and in 2008 she appeared as an adult when Wood took over the

"Karen Spencer"
of ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" as Caroline's ""other"" mother and Karen's wife, Danielle. It was revealed that Karen had been working for her father at Spencer Publications in New York City. Stephanie called her to offer her condolences about the death of her father, Bill Spencer, Sr.. She was present for the reading of her father's will where in it, he bequeathed 50% of Spencer Publications to her and the other 50% to her half-brother Bill Spencer Jr. She and Bill Jr. were also named the successor Co-CEOs of Spencer Publications. Although Karen was hesitant to assume the role,

"Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful)"
would be the last time she sees her loved ones. Stephanie Douglas Forrester was the matriarch of the Forrester fashion dynasty and the mother of five children: Ridge, Thorne, Kristen, Felicia, and Angela. Eventually her husband Eric Forrester became interested in other women such as Margo Lynley and his former college love, Beth Logan. Eric was with Beth years earlier but left her when Stephanie became pregnant. Eric found Beth catering a party one night and reconnected with her. Stephanie decided against an affair with gigolo Clarke Garrison, whom Stephanie had hired to date Kristen. Stephanie was also enraged when

The role of Stephanie was originally created for actress Susan Seaforth Hayes (Julie, of ""Days"") fame but, after Hayes turned it down, the producers contacted Hayes' former ""Days"" co-star, Susan Flannery, and she eventually won the role. Jane Elliot was contacted by producer Gail Kobe for the role but, lost to Flannery at the request of creator Bill Bell. Hayes did, however, appear in 2003 as Joanna Manning (Lauren Fenmore´s mother) in one episode. Stephanie has been played since the show's beginning in 1987 by Flannery, who, besides playing Stephanie, has also directed some of the show's episodes. In September

"Alley Mills"
Alley Mills Allison ""Alley"" Mills (born May 9, 1951), also known as Alley Bean, is an American actress best known for her role as Norma Arnold, the mother in the coming-of-age series ""The Wonder Years"", and her current role as Pamela Douglas, the sister of the late Forrester matriarch Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), on the soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Mills was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her father, Ted Mills, a television executive, died in August 2003. Her stepmother, Genevieve, whose real name was Ginette Marguerite Auger, died in March 2004. Alley's mother, Joan (Paterson) Mills Kerr, an

"Debbi Morgan"
of Angie Hubbard. The series premiered on April 29, 2013 and was cancelled after single season. In November 2013, after ""All My Children"" was cancelled, Morgan was cast in Starz drama series, ""Power"", opposite Omari Hardwick and Naturi Naughton. In 2015, she co-starred alongside Richard Lawson and Vivica A. Fox in two TV One holiday movies: ""Royal Family Thanksgiving"" and ""Royal Family Christmas"". Morgan later played Toni Braxton's mother in the Lifetime biopic """". Morgan has been married four times: to Charles Weldon (1978–84), to actor Charles S. Dutton (1989–94), to photographer Donn Thompson (1997–2000) and to Jeffrey Winston (since

"Martha MacIsaac"
also stated she would like to perform alongside her in a film, particularly ""a female version of ""Twins"""". In late 2012, MacIsaac began a main role on the NBC comedy ""1600 Penn"" as the president's eldest daughter, Becca. Brittany Snow was originally cast as Becca but because she did not physically resemble and fit in well with the other family members, Martha MacIsaac was cast. In a 2012 interview with the CBC Radio series ""Island Morning"", she revealed that ""1600 Penn"" was her last audition before she considered returning to Canada. She was married to film producer, director, and writer

her husband Liam. There are surprises galore, including a wondrously off-key, Bob Hope-inspired rendition of ""Thanks for the Memory,"" and Wood is at once raw, goofy, sexy. luminous, profound and so very memorable. I may be fairly crummy at my Emmy predictions but this I'm dead certain about: Wood is going to be a major star."" Steffy Forrester Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera ""The Bold and the Beautiful"". Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the

"Adriana Cramer"
down, River brings her back to Llanview in January 2004. Upon Adriana's re-arrival in Llanview, Dorian Cramer Lord announces that she is her biological mother and that Adriana is to inherit $30 million from Dorian's Aunt Betsy. Although Dorian's revelation of being Adriana's mother originates as a scheme cooked up by Dorian and David Vickers to secure Betsy's money for themselves, it is later proven that Adriana is Dorian's biological daughter. Adriana's status as Dorian's daughter was originally meant to be a hoax. The storyline was switched midway through when OLTL's producers recognized a resemblance between Robin Strasser and Melissa

"Nora Walker"
and nominated for three Golden Globes. Nora Walker is the matriarch of the Walker family. She has five children: Sarah, Kitty, Tommy, Kevin, and Justin. She has a brother, Saul. She had a difficult relationship with her mother, Ida (Season 1 Episode 13). In the first episode Nora's husband, William, died of a heart attack. She later learned about his long affair and illegitimate daughter with his mistress, Holly. Nora slowly learns to accept this secret daughter, and meanwhile deals with the pains and joys of her own five children and newly discovered stepdaughter, Rebecca Harper. She also begins a

who was the first signatory of the israeli declaration of independence

"Israeli Declaration of Independence"
Israeli Declaration of Independence The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national

audience ""I shall now read to you the scroll of the Establishment of the State, which has passed its first reading by the National Council"", Ben-Gurion proceeded to read out the declaration, taking 16 minutes, ending with the words ""Let us accept the Foundation Scroll of the Jewish State by rising"" and calling on Rabbi Fishman to recite the Shehecheyanu blessing. As leader of the Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion was the first person to sign. The declaration was due to be signed by all 37 members of Moetzet HaAm. However, twelve members could not attend, eleven of them trapped in besieged

almost 50% compared to the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Following the declaration, Moetzet HaAm became the Provisional State Council, which acted as the legislative body for the new state until the first elections in January 1949. Many of the signatories would play a prominent role in Israeli politics following independence; Moshe Sharett and Golda Meir both served as Prime Minister, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi became the country's second president in 1952, and several others served as ministers. David Remez was the first signatory to pass away, dying in May 1951, while Meir Vilner, the youngest signatory at just 29, was the longest

of his name would have fitted alphabetically, but he insisted on signing under his actual name so as to honour his father's memory and so moved down two spaces. He and Vilner would be the last surviving signatories, and remained close for the rest of their lives. Of the signatories, two were women (Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson) and Rachel Cohen-Kagan). When Herzl Rosenblum, a journalist, was called up to sign, Ben-Gurion instructed him to sign under the name Herzl Vardi, his pen name, as he wanted more Hebrew names on the document. Although Rosenblum acquiesced to Ben-Gurion's request and legally changed

the Vilna Gaon and the Ba'al Shem Tov, and the [rights of] Jews who lived in the 'Old Yishuv'."" The ceremony was held in the Tel Aviv Museum (today known as Independence Hall) but was not widely publicised as it was feared that the British Authorities might attempt to prevent it or that the Arab armies might invade earlier than expected. An invitation was sent out by messenger on the morning of 14 May telling recipients to arrive at 15:30 and to keep the event a secret. The event started at 16:00 (a time chosen so as not to breach

on 31 January 1949. By virtue of General Assembly Resolution 273 (III), Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations on 11 May 1949. In the three years following the 1948 Palestine war, about 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, residing mainly along the borders and in former Arab lands. Around 136,000 were some of the 250,000 displaced Jews of World War II. And from the 1948 Arab–Israeli War until the early 1970s, 800,000–1,000,000 Jews left, fled, or were expelled from their homes in Arab countries; 260,000 of them reached Israel between 1948 and 1951; and 600,000 by 1972. At

Pinchas Rosen, Haim-Moshe Shapira, Moshe Sharett and Aharon Zisling. A second committee meeting, which included David Ben-Gurion, Yehuda Leib Maimon, Sharett and Zisling produced the final text. On 12 May 1948, the Minhelet HaAm (, lit. ""People's Administration"") was convened to vote on declaring independence. Three of the thirteen members were missing, with Yehuda Leib Maimon and Yitzhak Gruenbaum being blocked in besieged Jerusalem, while Yitzhak-Meir Levin was in the United States. The meeting started at 1:45 in the afternoon and ended after midnight. The decision was between accepting the American proposal for a truce, or declaring independence. The latter

"Peretz Bernstein"
Peretz Bernstein Peretz Bernstein (, born Shlomo Fritz Bernstein; 12 June 1890 – 21 March 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Bernstein was born in Meiningen in the German Empire. He moved to the Netherlands before World War I, where he worked in the grain trade. In 1917 he joined the Zionist Organisation, serving as secretary and board member. In 1925 he became editor-in-chief of a Zionist weekly, a role he held until 1935, and between 1930 and 1934 served as the Zionist Organisation's president. He emigrated

living, serving in the Knesset until 1990 and dying in June 2003. Eliyahu Berligne, the oldest signatory at 82, died in 1959. Eleven minutes after midnight, the United States ""de facto"" recognized the State of Israel. This was followed by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's Iran (which had voted against the UN partition plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua]l, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first nation to fully recognize Israel de jure on 17 May 1948, followed by Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Ireland, and South Africa. The United States extended official recognition after the first Israeli election, as Truman had promised

"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)"
review in ""The New York Times"", the play was ""so funny that none of us will ever forget it."" The play is a farcical black comedy revolving around the Brewster family, descended from the ""Mayflower"" settlers, but now composed of insane homicidal maniacs. The hero, Mortimer Brewster, is a drama critic who must deal with his crazy, homicidal family and local police in Brooklyn, New York, as he debates whether to go through with his recent promise to marry the woman he loves, Elaine Harper, who lives next door and is the daughter of the local minister. His family includes

"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)"
roles from the 1941 stage production. Hull and Adair both received an eight-week leave of absence from the stage production that was still running, but Karloff did not as he was an investor in the stage production and its main draw. The entire film was shot within those eight weeks. The film cost just over $1.2 million of a $2 million budget to produce. The Brewster family of Brooklyn, New York, is descended from ""Mayflower"" settlers. Several illustrious forebears' portraits line the walls of the ancestral home. Mortimer Brewster (Cary Grant), a writer who has repeatedly denounced marriage as ""an

in the Brewster sisters' living room, where the action of the play is set. The Goerz House is now the home of the college president. Bethel College was a school of the pacifist Mennonite church. The play appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs. The ""murderous old lady"" plot line may also have been inspired by actual events that occurred in a house on Prospect St in Windsor, Connecticut, where a woman, Amy Archer-Gilligan, took in boarders, promising ""lifetime care"", and poisoned them for their pensions. M. William Phelps book ""The Devil's Rooming House"" tells the

Teddy's commitment papers, and Teddy is safely consigned to an institution. His aunts insist upon joining him. Abby and Martha inform Mortimer that he is not a Brewster after all: his mother was the family cook and his father had been a chef on a steamship. Relieved, he lustily kisses Elaine and whisks her off to their honeymoon while yelling, ""Charge!"". The play was written by Joseph Kesselring, son of German immigrants and a former professor at Bethel College, a pacifist Mennonite college. It was written in the antiwar atmosphere of the late 1930s. Capra scholar Matthew C. Gunter argues

two spinster aunts who have taken to murdering lonely old men by poisoning them with a glass of home-made elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine, and ""just a pinch"" of cyanide; a brother who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt and digs locks for the Panama Canal in the cellar of the Brewster home (which then serve as graves for the aunts' victims; he thinks that they died of yellow fever); and a murderous brother who has received plastic surgery performed by an alcoholic accomplice, Dr. Einstein (a character based on real-life gangland surgeon Joseph Moran) to conceal his identity, and

Arsenic and Old Lace (play) Arsenic and Old Lace is a play by American playwright Joseph Kesselring, written in 1939. It has become best known through the subsequent film adaptation starring Cary Grant and directed by Frank Capra. The play was directed by Bretaigne Windust, and opened on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre on January 10, 1941. On September 25, 1943, the play moved to the Hudson Theatre. It closed there on June 17, 1944, having played 1,444 performances. Of the twelve plays written by Kesselring, ""Arsenic and Old Lace"" was the most successful, and, according to the opening night

"The Mysteries of Udolpho"
of the work. Radcliffe also added extensive descriptions of exotic landscapes in the Pyrenees and Apennines, and of Venice, none of which she visited and for details of which she relied on contemporary travel books, leading to the introduction of several anachronisms. Set in 1584 in southern France and northern Italy, the novel focuses on the plight of Emily St. Aubert, a young French woman who is orphaned after the death of her father. Emily suffers imprisonment in the castle Udolpho at the hands of Signor Montoni, an Italian brigand who has married her aunt and guardian Madame Cheron. Emily's

old fashioned superstition"", falls in love with Elaine Harper (Priscilla Lane), the minister's daughter who grew up next door to him. On Halloween day, Mortimer and Elaine marry. Elaine goes to her father's house to pack for the honeymoon and Mortimer returns to Abby (Josephine Hull) and Martha (Jean Adair), the aunts who raised him in the old family home. Mortimer's brother, Teddy (John Alexander), who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt, resides with them. Each time Teddy goes upstairs, he yells ""Charge!"" and takes the stairs at a run, imitating Roosevelt's famous charge up San Juan Hill. Searching for the

"Lavender and Old Lace"
Lavender and Old Lace Lavender and Old Lace is an Edwardian romance novel written by Myrtle Reed and published in September 1902. It tells the story of some remarkable women, each of whom has a unique experience with love. The book follows in Reed’s long history of inciting laughter and tears in her readers through provocative prose. She was often witty in dialogue and dispensing in advice, while gingerly skirting any moral issues. Miss Jane Hathaway is an astute pillar of a quaint coastal community, where her house sets atop a hill. She has long overcome the scandal created by

"E. B. C. Jones"
were singing captives. The novel ends with a note of liberation: Hal and Roden and Francis, like characters in Chekhov, will now have to do some real work; Stella must marry where she may; Caroline too will have to find work, though trained up to nothing by her upbringing. Set in north Cornwall and Chelsea, 1922. Nicholas Watergate, 28, war veteran and son of a famous Victorian artist, is holidaying with his two brothers and a friend, Oliver, 24, near Tintagel, without women. Denis Ash, 25, has invited himself along, so he can keep an eye on Nicholas for Enid.

Convergent boundary Convergent boundaries are areas on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells

forms on the continental crust as deep-sea sediments and oceanic crust are scraped from the oceanic plate. Volcanic arcs form on continental lithosphere as the result of partial melting due to dehydration of the hydrous minerals of the subducting slab. Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic crust. Subduction initiates as oceanic lithosphere slides beneath continental crust. As the oceanic lithosphere subducts to greater depths, the attached continental crust is pulled closer to the subduction zone. Once the continental lithosphere reaches the subduction zone, subduction processes are altered as continental lithosphere is more buoyant and resists subduction beneath

- 100 km wide and can be several thousand kilometers long. Oceanic trenches form as a result of bending of the subducting slab. Depth of oceanic trenches seems to be controlled by age of the oceanic lithosphere being subducted. Sediment fill in oceanic trenches varies and generally depends on abundance of sediment input from surrounding areas. An oceanic trench, the Mariana Trench, is the deepest point of the ocean at a depth of approximately 11,000 m. Earthquakes are common along convergent boundaries. A region of high earthquake activity, the Benioff zone, generally dips 45° and marks the subducting plate. Earthquakes

"Divergent boundary"
lithosphere. The hot spot which may have initiated the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system currently underlies Iceland which is widening at a rate of a few centimeters per year. Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley. Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is generally not uniform, so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different, massive transform faults occur.

may break along the boundary of continental and oceanic crust. Seismic tomography reveals pieces of lithosphere that have broken off during convergence. Subduction zones are areas where one lithospheric plate slides beneath another at a convergent boundary due to lithospheric density differences. These plates dip at an average of 45° but can vary. Subduction zones are often marked by an abundance of earthquakes, the result of internal deformation of the plate, convergence with the opposing plate, and bending at the oceanic trench. Earthquakes have been detected to a depth of 670 km. The relatively cold and dense subducting plates are

force of gravity will increase plate velocity. As the relatively cool subducting slab sinks deeper into the mantle, it is heated causing dehydration of hydrous minerals. This releases water into the hotter asthenosphere, which leads to partial melting of asthenosphere and volcanism. Both dehydration and partial melting occurs along the 1000°C isotherm, generally at depths of 65 - 130 km. Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. In some instances, initial convergence with another plate will destroy oceanic lithosphere, leading to convergence of two continental plates. Neither continental plate will subduct. It is likely that the plate

the asthenosphere leads to partial melting. Partial melting allows the rise of more buoyant, hot material and can lead to volcanism at the surface and emplacement of plutons in the subsurface. This processes which generate magma are not entirely understood. Where these magmas reach the surface they create volcanic arcs. Volcanic arcs can form as island arc chains or as arcs on continental crust. Three series of volcanic rocks generally form arcs, Tholeiitic (low iron basalts), calc-alkaline (moderately enriched in potassium and incompatible elements), and alkaline (highly enriched in potassium) which are very rare. Back arc basins form behind a

"Convergence zone"
Convergence zone A convergence zone in meteorology is a region in the atmosphere where two prevailing flows meet and interact, usually resulting in distinctive weather conditions. This causes a mass accumulation that eventually leads to a vertical movement and to the formation of clouds and precipitation. Large-scale convergence, called synoptic-scale convergence, is associated with weather systems such as baroclinic troughs, low-pressure areas, and cyclones. Small-scale convergence will give phenomena from isolated cumulus clouds to large areas of thunderstorms. The inverse of a convergence is a divergence. An example of a convergence zone is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a low

Divergent boundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill. Current research indicates that complex convection within the Earth's mantle allows material to

"Fortnite: Save the World"
Fortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Software, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher. ""Fortnite"" is set in contemporary Earth, where the sudden appearance of a worldwide storm causes 98% of the world's population to disappear, and

the July 2012 San Diego Comic Con, Epic announced that ""Fortnite"" would be an exclusive personal computer title, and the first one to be developed by Epic using their new Unreal 4 game engine, with a planned release in 2013. The game's development was originally started in the Unreal 3 engine, but as they progressed, they had seen the opportunity to work in several of the new feature sets and scripting language offered by Unreal 4 for ""Fortnite"", while still running on most personal computers at that time. They further opted for personal computer exclusivity to avoid the difficulty of

could cross-play between all three platforms. Epic later corrected this, calling it a ""configuration error"". On July 26, 2017, it was announced that ""Fortnite"" had sold over 500,000 digital pre-order copies. On August 18, 2017, Epic confirmed that ""Fortnite"" had surpassed over a million players. Fortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The

"Fort Apocalypse"
Fort Apocalypse Fort Apocalypse is a 1982 game for the Atari 8-bit family created by Steve Hales and published by Synapse Software. Joe Vierra ported it to the Commodore 64 the same year. ""Fort Apocalypse"" is a 2D multi-directional scroller where the player navigates an underground prison in a helicopter, destroying or avoiding enemies and rescuing the prisoners. A contemporary of ""Choplifter"", it has similarities to that game as well as the arcade games ""Scramble"" and ""Super Cobra"". Synapse Software's first success was 1981's ""Protector"", and quickly followed by a number of games written by a small number of programmers.

The game is supported through microtransactions to purchase in-game currency that can be used towards these upgrades. A standalone battle royale game version, ""Fortnite Battle Royale"", was released for the same platforms in September 2017. Following the release, the player-versus-environment mode was officially distinguished as ""Save the World"". One day, 98% of Earth's human population suddenly disappeared, and the remaining humans found the skies covered in dense clouds, creating chaotic storms that dropped husks: humanoid zombie-like creatures that attacked the living. The survivors found ways to construct ""storm shields"", a field that cleared the storm clouds from immediately overhead and

of a gorilla, tusks of a wild boar, legs and tail of a wolf, and body of a bear. However, he felt it important that the Beast's eyes remain human. In fear that Glen Keane would design the Beast to resemble voice actor Robby Benson, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg did not allow Keane to see Benson during production of the film. The Beast is not of any one species of animal, but a chimera (a mixture of several animals), who would probably be classified as a carnivore overall. He has the head structure and horns of a buffalo,

the arms and body of a bear, the eyebrows of a gorilla, the jaws, teeth, and mane of a lion, the tusks of a wild boar and the legs and tail of a wolf. He also bears resemblance to mythical monsters like the Minotaur or a werewolf. He also has blue eyes, the one physical feature that does not change whether he is a beast or a human. As opposed to his original counterpart, Disney gave him a more primal nature to his personality and mannerisms, which truly exploited his character as an untamed animal (i.e. alternating between walking and

named him ""Prince Adam"". Disney has come to embrace the name, as seen in multiple pieces of merchandise as well as a plaque hung up in 2012 (and still hangs there as of 2017) in Walt Disney World's Port Orleans Riverside Royal Rooms that clearly states his name as ""Prince Adam."" A handsome young prince lives in a luxurious castle in France. He has everything he ever wanted, and as a result, he is spoiled, selfish and unkind. One night, his kindness is put to the test when a beggar woman comes to the castle and asks for shelter from

Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups """" and ""Belle's Magical World"". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a

the villagers. Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups """" and ""Belle's Magical World"". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love

gentleman-like, with only an occasional tendency to be hot-tempered. Disney's interpretation of the Beast made him more constantly angry and depressed, due to the shame from his unkind actions which led to his transformation, and particularly his struggle of reconciling his hideous appearance with his inner humanity which made him feel hopeless about breaking the curse. Supervising animator Glen Keane describes The Beast as ""a twenty-one-year-old guy who's insecure, wants to be loved, wants to love, but has this ugly exterior and has to overcome this."" Upon his reform under his love interest Belle, his personality changes to refined and

retained after he was restored back to human, which is meant to be a stark contrast to the royal regalia and armor he was depicted in before his curse. His human form is that of a tall and slender young man with auburn hair and soft cream colored skin while also retaining his bright blue eyes. As human he is simply known as the ""Prince"", as supervising animator Glen Keane stated that everyone on the production was too busy to give him an alternative name, however some licensed works such as the trivia video game ""The D Show"" (1998) have

the Beast to resemble a creature that could possibly be found on Earth as opposed to an alien. The initial designs had the Beast as humanoid but with an animal head attached as per the original fairy tale, but soon shifted towards more unconventional forms. The earlier sketches of the Beast’s character design are seen as gargoyles and sculptures in the Beast's castle. Inspired by a buffalo head that he purchased from a taxidermy, Keane decided to base the Beast's appearance on a variety of wild animals, drawing inspiration from the mane of a lion, head of a buffalo, brow

"Over the Rainbow"
visage of the witch (Hamilton), mocking and taunting Dorothy before turning toward the camera to cackle. Another instrumental version is played in the underscore in the final scene and over the closing credits. On October 7, 1938, Judy Garland recorded the song on the MGM soundstage with an arrangement by Murray Cutter. In September 1939, a studio recording of the song, not from the film soundtrack, was recorded and released as a single for Decca. In March 1940, that same recording was included on a Decca 78 four-record studio cast album entitled ""The Wizard of Oz"". Although this isn't the

the One Love Manchester benefit concert on June 4, 2017. German producer Marusha made a happy hardcore version of the track in 1994. This version reached No. 3 on the German charts. Over the Rainbow ""Over the Rainbow"" is a ballad composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg. It was written for the movie ""The Wizard of Oz"" and was sung by actress Judy Garland in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song. About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing

Over the Rainbow ""Over the Rainbow"" is a ballad composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg. It was written for the movie ""The Wizard of Oz"" and was sung by actress Judy Garland in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song. About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing to get Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and the farm hands to listen to her story of an unpleasant incident involving her dog, Toto, and the town spinster, Miss Gulch (Margaret Hamilton). Aunt

""Snakes on a Plane"", ""Son of the Mask"", and the television series ""South Pacific"". The Kamakawiwo'ole version was sung by the cast of ""Glee"" on the season one finale ""Journey"" and included on "","" charting at number 30 in the UK, 31 in Canada and Ireland, 42 in Australia, and 43 in the U.S. The first German version in the English language was recorded by the Swing Orchestra Heinz Wehner (1908–1945) in March 1940 in Berlin. Wehner, at this time an international well-known German Swing Artist, also took over the vocals. The first German version in German language was sung

broadcast of ""The Louella Parsons Show"". Lyrics for a second verse (""Once by a word only lightly spoken..."") appeared in the British edition of the sheet music. In March 2017, ""Over the Rainbow"" sung by Judy Garland was entered in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as music that is ""culturally, historically, or artistically significant"". The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) ranked it number one on their Songs of the Century list. The American Film Institute named it best movie song on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs list.

version that appeared in the film, Decca continued to release the ""cast album"" into the 1960s after it was reissued on disc, a 33 album. The film version of ""Over the Rainbow"" was unavailable to the public until the soundtrack was released by MGM in 1956 to coincide with the television premiere of ""The Wizard of Oz"". The soundtrack version has been re-released several times over the years, including a deluxe edition by Rhino in 1995. After ""The Wizard of Oz"" appeared in 1939, ""Over the Rainbow"" became Garland's signature song. She performed it for thirty years, singing it as

"Over There"
Library of Congress by publisher William Jerome on June 1 of that year. The song reflected Americans' expectations that the war would be short. The song was introduced to the public in the fall of 1917, when it was sung at a Red Cross benefit in New York City. It would later become the most popular song during the war, with over two million copies sold. Notable early recordings include versions by American Quartet (#1 for 9 weeks), Nora Bayes (#1 for 2 weeks), Enrico Caruso (#1 for 3 weeks), Peerless Quartet (#1 for 3 weeks), Billy Murray, Arthur Fields

"Israel Kamakawiwoʻole"
Future"" was released in 1993 by The Mountain Apple Company. It featured a version of his most popular song, the medley ""Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World"" (listed as ""Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World""), along with ""Hawaiʻi 78"", ""White Sandy Beach of Hawaiʻi"", ""Maui Hawaiian Sup'pa Man"", and ""Kaulana Kawaihae"". The decision to include a cover of ""Somewhere Over the Rainbow"" was said to be a last-minute decision by his producer Jon de Mello and Kamakawiwoʻole. ""Facing Future"" debuted at #25 on ""Billboard"" magazine's Top Pop Catalogue chart. On October 26, 2005, ""Facing Future"" became Hawaiʻi's first certified

"Harold Arlen"
Harold Arlen Harold Arlen (born Hyman Arluck; February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American composer of popular music who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film ""The Wizard of Oz"" (lyrics by E.Y. Harburg), including the classic ""Over the Rainbow"", Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the Great American Songbook. ""Over the Rainbow"" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). Arlen was born in

week ending January 18, 2004). In the U.S., it was certified Platinum for 1,000,000 downloads sold. As of October 2014 it had sold over 4.2 million digital copies. In the UK, ""Over the Rainbow"" was released as a single under the title ""Somewhere Over the Rainbow"". It entered the UK Official Singles Chart in April 2007 at number 68. In Germany, the single also returned to the German Singles Chart in September 2010. After two weeks on that chart, it received gold status for selling 150,000 copies. In October 2010, it reached number one on the German charts. In 2011

engines, however, which allowed Williams and later Benetton to dominate Formula One from to . Refuelling at pit stops was reintroduced turning each race into a series of sprints – as a result the race strategy became as important as the driver's ability. In the early 1990s, teams started introducing electronic driver aids, whose use spread rapidly. Active suspension, (pioneered by Lotus in 1987), semi-automatic gearboxes (Ferrari in 1989), and traction control (Williams in 1991) became essential to compete. Some of these technologies were borrowed from contemporary road cars. Others were primarily developed for the track and later made their

"Chain drive"
very effective, allowing extremely fast gear selections. The Frazer Nash (or GN) transmission system provided the basis for many ""special"" racing cars of the 1920s and 1930s, the most famous being Basil Davenport's Spider which held the outright record at the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb in the 1920s. The last popular chain drive automobile was the Honda S600 of the 1960s. Internal combustion engines often use a timing chain to drive the camshaft(s). This is an area in which chain drives frequently compete directly with timing belt drive systems, particularly when the engine has one or more overhead camshafts,

"History of the automobile"
the credit), independent suspension (actually conceived by Bollée in 1873), and four-wheel brakes (by the Arrol-Johnston Company of Scotland in 1909). Leaf springs were widely used for suspension, though many other systems were still in use, with angle steel taking over from armored wood as the frame material of choice. Transmissions and throttle controls were widely adopted, allowing a variety of cruising speeds, though vehicles generally still had discrete speed settings, rather than the infinitely variable system familiar in cars of later eras. Safety glass also made its debut, patented by John Wood in England in 1905. (It would not

Telemetry
of an accident) the FIA can determine or rule out driver error as a possible cause. Later developments include two-way telemetry which allows engineers to update calibrations on the car in real time (even while it is out on the track). In Formula One, two-way telemetry surfaced in the early 1990s and consisted of a message display on the dashboard which the team could update. Its development continued until May 2001, when it was first allowed on the cars. By 2002, teams were able to change engine mapping and deactivate engine sensors from the pit while the car was on

"History of Formula One regulations"
were all no longer on the calendar all for the same general reason- safety concerns. Safer circuits such as Paul Ricard, Zolder and Hockenheimring were built with safety features installed; and at the end of the decade Formula One had become a safer sport, although it was still dangerous. Ground effect, a technology that was able to create huge amounts of downforce with inverted aerofoils mounted on the sides of the car, was discovered and developed by Colin Chapman and his Lotus team in the mid 70s, and the technology was perfected with the dominant Type 79. All the other

23 January 2017 Liberty Media confirmed the completion of the acquisition for $8 billion. The Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing (""q.v."" for pre-1947 history) of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all participants' cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, with the first non-championship races being held that year. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a world championship before the war, but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the

"The Chain"
BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom. On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through downloads, following confirmation from the BBC that it would be reintroduced, the BBC having regained broadcasting rights from ITV. On 20 March 2011, ""The Chain"" peaked higher at #81 in the UK chart following a campaign on Facebook to try to get the song to number 1 for the start of the 2011 Formula One season. By April 2018, the song had been certified Platinum by the

"Non-synchronous transmission"
with a Daimler engine in a horseless carriage. Industrial marketing has since then coined spectacular names for various vehicle parts. Changing from the Locomobile, a 1906 race-car to what is now called the automobile, advertisers used design wording from the engineering departments to give new ideas a desirable appeal for sales promotions. From 1932, synchronizer mechanisms began to appear in automotive transmissions. The split-off of automotive transmission types that has prevailed in engineering designs uses three major categories: ""automatic"", ""manual"", and ""non-synchronous"". Some of the differences are improvements, including the continuously variable transmission installed in hybrid vehicles that are powered

Although the device did not transmit power continuously since the chains ""did not transmit power from shaft to shaft, and hence they were not in the direct line of ancestry of the chain-drive proper"", the Greek design marks the beginning of the history of the chain drive since ""no earlier instance of such a cam is known, and none as complex is known until the 16th century."" It is here that the flat-link chain, often attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, actually made its first appearance."" The first continuous and endless power-transmitting chain was depicted in the written horological treatise of

Catenaccio
Catenaccio Catenaccio () or The Chain is a tactical system in football with a strong emphasis on defence. In Italian, ""catenaccio"" means ""door-bolt"", which implies a highly organised and effective backline defence focused on nullifying opponents' attacks and preventing goal-scoring opportunities. Italian ""Catenaccio"" was influenced by the verrou (also ""doorbolt/chain"" in French) system invented by Austrian coach Karl Rappan. As coach of Switzerland in the 1930s and 1940s, Rappan played a defensive sweeper called the ""verrouilleur"", positioned just ahead of the goalkeeper. Rappan's ""verrou"" system, proposed in 1932, when he was coach of Servette, was implemented with four fixed defenders,

"Capital punishment in Oregon"
the gallows, ""Did not your missionaries teach us that Christ died to save his people? So we die to save our people."" Capital punishment was made explicitly legal by statute in 1864, and executions have been carried out exclusively at the Oregon State Penitentiary in Salem since 1904. The death penalty was outlawed between 1914 and 1920, again between 1964 and 1978, and then again between a 1981 Oregon Supreme Court ruling and a 1984 ballot measure. Oregon voters amended the Constitution in 1914, to repeal the death penalty, by a margin of 50.04%. The repeal was an initiative of

Governor Oswald West. However, the death penalty was restored in 1920 with 56% of voters favoring its use. From 1864 to 1931, executions were carried out by hanging. However, beginning with the execution of LeRoy Hershel McCarthy, on January 30, 1939, Oregon began using lethal gas in gas-chamber executions. The state executed seventeen men in this manner. The last of these gas-inhalation executions took place on 20 August 1962, with the execution of Leeroy Sanford McGahuey. In 1964 voters passed Measure 1, a constitutional amendment prohibiting capital punishment, with 60% of voters approving. Governor Mark Hatfield commuted the sentences of

three death row inmates two days later. Voters reenacted the death penalty in the general election of 1978, by statute; Measure 8 required the death penalty in certain murder cases. Measure 8 was overturned by the Oregon Supreme Court in 1981, on the grounds that it denied defendants the right to be tried by a jury of their peers. In 1984, Measure 6 amended the state constitution to once more make the death penalty legal. Measure 7, a statutory measure passed in the same year, required a separate sentencing hearing before a jury in cases of aggravated murder. In 1988,

Capital punishment in Oregon Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oregon. In November 2011, Governor John Kitzhaber announced a moratorium on executions in Oregon, canceling a planned execution and ordering a review of the death penalty system in the state. Kitzhaber's successor, Governor Kate Brown, affirmed her commitment to the moratorium. Oregon is the only American state where someone can be convicted of a capital crime without a unanimous verdict from the jury: 11 jurors are enough to find the defendant guilty, unless the prosecution requests a unanimous verdict. But if the prosecution seeks the

there are 30 inmates on death row. Two people have been executed in Oregon since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1978. Both waived their appeals and asked that the execution be carried out. Capital punishment in Oregon Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oregon. In November 2011, Governor John Kitzhaber announced a moratorium on executions in Oregon, canceling a planned execution and ordering a review of the death penalty system in the state. Kitzhaber's successor, Governor Kate Brown, affirmed her commitment to the moratorium. Oregon is the only American state where someone can be

"Crime in Oregon"
amended the Constitution in 1914 to repeal the death penalty, with 50.04% of the vote. The repeal was an initiative of Governor Oswald West. The death penalty was restored, again by constitutional amendment, in 1920. Initially, all executions were performed by hanging; lethal gas was adopted as the method after 1931. Voters outlawed the death penalty in the general election of 1964, with 60% of the vote. Governor Mark Hatfield commuted the sentences of three death row inmates two days later. Crime in Oregon This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Oregon. Reported cases of crime in

the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in ""Penry v. Lynaugh"" affected the Oregon death penalty, because Oregon's law is based on the Texas law involved in the case. Seventeen Oregon cases were remanded for resentencing following ""Penry""; eight convicts were re-sentenced to death. In 2000, the Benetton Group featured several inmates on Oregon's death row in a controversial anti-death penalty advertising campaign. Cesar Barone, Conan Wayne Hale, Jesse Caleb Compton, and Alberto Reyes Camarena were featured in the ad. Between 1904 and 1994, 115 people were sentenced to death in Oregon, and 58 of those were executed. As of October 2018

"Oregon State Penitentiary"
(with two men and one woman, also slated for execution, held elsewhere for medical reasons). Death row includes notorious serial killers such as Dayton Leroy Rogers. OSP also contains the lethal injection chamber where prisoners are executed. Executions in Oregon were conducted in public by counties until 1902, when they were centralized (and made less spectacular) at the State Penitentiary. Since the US Supreme Court reaffirmed the death penalty in ""Gregg v. Georgia"" (1976), Oregon has executed only two people: Douglas Wright, in 1996, and Harry Charles Moore, in 1997. Governor John Kitzhaber announced an official moratorium on executions in

death penalty, the sentence is decided by the jury and must always be unanimous. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence is issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial). The Governor of Oregon has sole authority over clemency, including capital cases. The method of execution is lethal injection. The men's death row is located, and executions are carried out, at the Oregon State Penitentiary in Salem. Women on death row are held at Coffee Creek Correctional Facility until shortly before their execution. Aggravated murder is the

only crime punishable by death in Oregon. It is defined as murder involving any of the following circumstances: The first death sentence carried out under the territorial government, apart from the hanging of the 5 Cayuse in 1850, came on April 18, 1851, when William Kendall was hanged in Salem. Kendall's sentence was handed down by Judge William Strong of the Oregon Supreme Court. Since 1904, about 60 Five Cayuse Native American men were taken to Oregon City, tried and sentenced to hang. Before their execution on June 3, 1850, the leader, Tiloukaikt, accepted Catholic last rites. Tiloukaikt spoke on

"Parable of the Prodigal Son"
Parable of the Prodigal Son The Parable of the Prodigal Son (also known as the Two Brothers, Lost Son, Loving Father, or Lovesick Father) is one of the parables of Jesus and appears in . Jesus Christ shares it with his disciples, the Pharisees and others. In the story, a father has two sons, a younger and an older. The younger son asks the father for his inheritance, and the father grants his son's request. However, the younger son is prodigal (i.e., wasteful and extravagant) and squanders his fortune, eventually becoming destitute. The younger son is forced to return home

from the dead, celebration was necessary: This is the last of three parables about loss and redemption, following the parable of the Lost Sheep and the parable of the Lost Coin, that Jesus tells after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse him of welcoming and eating with ""sinners."" The father's joy described in the parable reflects divine love, the ""boundless mercy of God"", and ""God's refusal to limit the measure of his grace."" The request of the younger son for his share of the inheritance is ""brash, even insolent"" and ""tantamount to wishing that the father was dead."" His actions

do not lead to success, and he eventually becomes an indentured servant, with the degrading job of looking after pigs, and even envying them for the carob pods they eat. On the son's return, the father treats him with a generosity far more than he has a right to expect. The older son, in contrast, seems to think in terms of ""law, merit, and reward"", rather than ""love and graciousness."" He may represent the Pharisees who were criticizing Jesus. The father, who represents the Heavenly Father, implies to the older son that his love for both sons is not dependent

comes to his senses: The son does not even have time to finish his rehearsed speech, since the father calls for his servants to dress him in a fine robe, a ring, and sandals, and slaughter the ""fattened calf"" for a celebratory meal. The older son, who was at work in the fields, hears the sound of celebration, and is told about the return of his younger brother. He is not impressed, and becomes angry. He also has a speech for his father: The parable concludes with the father explaining that because the younger son had returned, in a sense,

son could not wait for his father's death for his inheritance, he wanted it immediately. The father agrees and divides his estate between both sons. Upon receiving his portion of the inheritance, the younger son travels to a distant country and wastes all his money in extravagant living. Immediately thereafter, a famine strikes the land; he becomes desperately poor and is forced to take work as a swineherd. (This, too, would have been abhorrent to Jesus' Jewish audience, who considered swine unclean animals.) When he reaches the point of envying the food of the pigs he is watching, he finally

in his second encyclical, ""Dives in misericordia"" (Latin for ""Rich in Mercy""), issued in 1980. Of the thirty or so parables in the canonical Gospels, this was one of the four that were shown in medieval art almost to the exclusion of the others, but not mixed in with the narrative scenes of the ""Life of Christ"" (the others were the Wise and Foolish Virgins, Dives and Lazarus, and the Good Samaritan. The Labourers in the Vineyard also appears in Early Medieval works). From the Renaissance the numbers shown widened slightly, and the various scenes – the high living, herding

a common origin. However, an influence of the biblical story on the Lotus sutra is regarded as unlikely given the early dating of the stratum of the sutra containing the Buddhist parable. In spite of their similarities, both parables continue differently after the two meet for the first time at the son's return. In the biblical story, there is an immediate reunion of the two. In contrast, in the Lotus sutra, the poor son does not recognize the rich man as his father. When the father sends out some attendants to welcome the son, the son panics, fearing some kind

"The Prodigal Son (play)"
The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's play. The play is a dramatic biography of Jesus, influenced by the philosophical thoughts represented in the essay ""Den sidste Messias"" (en. ""The Last Messiah"") published in 1933 and Zapffe's philosophical treatise, ""Om det tragiske"" (en. ""On the Tragic"") published in 1941. Zapffe asserts that Jesus, like most people in the past and present, misinterpreted what it means to be human on this earth.

Lost Coin. In Revised Common Lectionary and Latin Rite Catholic Lectionary, this parable is read on the fourth Sunday of Lent (in Year C); in the latter it is also included in the long form of the Gospel on the 24th Sunday of Ordinary Time in Year C, along with the preceding two parables of the cycle. In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is read on the ""Sunday of the Prodigal Son"". The parable begins with a young man, the younger of two sons, who asks his father to give him his share of the estate. The implication is the

empty-handed and intends to beg his father to accept him back as a servant. To the son's surprise, he is not scorned by his father but is welcomed back with celebration and fanfare. Envious, the older son refuses to participate in the festivities. The father reminds the older son that one day he will inherit everything, and that they should still celebrate the return of the younger son because he was lost and is now found. It is the third and final part of a cycle on redemption, following the Parable of the Lost Sheep and the Parable of the

"Dimension 404"
the series, with Izzo appearing in a separate episode, Zovatto appearing opposite Hyland, and Noonan appearing opposite Wu and Mullally. On March 21, 2017, it was announced that Mark Hamill narrates the series. Filming for the series began in June 2016. Dimension 404 Dimension 404 is an American science fiction anthology series created by Desmond ""Dez"" Dolly and Will Campos, and co-created by Dan Johnson and David Welch. It began airing on April 4, 2017, on the streaming service Hulu. The series is produced by RocketJump and Lionsgate Television, with each episode being its own self-contained television film. The series

"Too Much Johnson"
October 9, 2013, at the Pordenone Silent Film Festival. The film's North American premiere was held October 16, 2013, at George Eastman House's Dryden Theatre, and the film's New York City premiere took place on November 25, 2013, at the Directors Guild of America Theater. On August 21, 2014, the complete 66-minute work print of the film was posted online by the National Film Preservation Foundation. An edited version running about 34 minutes including intertitles, with new music composed and performed by Michael Mortilla, was also made available. ""If this edit is only a guess, it strives to be an

"Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Piece"
on a four-disc DVD set in the United States on June 26, 2007. The set included full audio commentaries for six episodes, deleted scenes, blooper reals, audition tapes, character profiles, the international version of the episode ""Pilot"", an ""Inside the writer's room"" featurette, and other special features. The entire first season was released on the iTunes store for digital download, as well as downloads for individual episodes. Included on the DVD set were deleted scenes for ""Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Piece"". The feature consisted of four scenes, amassing approximately 3 minutes of video. The deleted scenes consist of

who stepped out of the dithyrambic chorus to become the first actor

Dithyramb
what tragedy may have resembled before Aeschylus added a second actor instead of the choir. In the later 5th century BCE, the dithyramb ""became a favorite vehicle for the musical experiments of the poets of the 'new music'."" This movement included the poets Timotheus of Miletus, Cinesias, Melanippides, and Philoxenus of Cythera. By the 4th century BCE the genre was in decline, although the dithyrambic competitions did not come to an end until well after the Roman takeover of Greece. Dithyrambs are rare in English language literature. In German literature they appear more frequently, and from the 19th century several

Thespis
Thespis Thespis (; ; fl. 6th century BC) of Icaria (present-day Dionysos, Greece), according to certain Ancient Greek sources and especially Aristotle, was the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor playing a character in a play (instead of speaking as him or herself). In other sources, he is said to have introduced the first principal actor in addition to the chorus. Thespis was a singer of dithyrambs (songs about stories from mythology with choric refrains). He is credited with introducing a new style in which one singer or actor performed the words of individual characters in

Thespis
episode of the TV series """" was named ""Thespis"" and referenced him. Thespis Thespis (; ; fl. 6th century BC) of Icaria (present-day Dionysos, Greece), according to certain Ancient Greek sources and especially Aristotle, was the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor playing a character in a play (instead of speaking as him or herself). In other sources, he is said to have introduced the first principal actor in addition to the chorus. Thespis was a singer of dithyrambs (songs about stories from mythology with choric refrains). He is credited with introducing a new style in

Dithyramb
last of his ""Vergessene Weisen"" Op. 40 is a ""Danza ditirambica"". The last movement of Igor Stravinsky's ""Duo Concertant"" for violin and piano is entitled ""Dithyrambe"". Richard Edward Wilson's 1983 ""Dithyramb"" is for oboe and clarinet. Wolfgang Rihm composed a 30-minute work, ""Concerto"", in 2000, with the subtitle ""Dithyrambe"" and a scoring for string quartet and orchestra. In 1961 the American choreographer James Waring created a dance piece entitled ""Dithyramb"" with music and objects by the Fluxus artist George Brecht. Dithyramb The dithyramb (, ""dithyrambos"") was an ancient Greek hymn sung and danced in honor of Dionysus, the god of

Dithyramb
under the leadership of a ""coryphaeus"". The names of the winning teams of dithyrambic contests in Athens were recorded. The successful ""choregos"" would receive a statue that would be erected—at his expense—as a public monument to commemorate the victory. However, most of the poets remain unknown. The earliest mention of dithyramb, found by Sir Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge, is in a fragment of Archilochus, who flourished in the first half of the seventh century BCE: ""I know how to lead the fair song of the Lord Dionysus, the dithyramb, when my wits are fused with wine."" As a literary composition for

Dithyramb
chorus, their inspiration is unknown, although it was likely Greek, as Herodotus explicitly speaks of Arion of Lesbos as ""the first of men we know to have composed the dithyramb and named it and produced it in Corinth"". The word ""dithyramb"" has no known origin, but is frequently assumed to not be derived from Greek. An old hypothesis is that the word is borrowed from Phrygian or Pelasgian, and literally means ""Vierschritt"", i. e., ""four-step"", compare ""iamb"" and ""thriambus"", but H. S. Versnel rejects this etymology and suggests instead a derivation from a cultic exclamation. Dithyrambs were composed by the

Dithyramb
poets Simonides and Bacchylides, as well as Pindar (the only one whose works have survived in anything like their original form). Later examples were dedicated to other gods, but the dithyramb subsequently was developed (traditionally by Arion) into a literary form. According to Aristotle, Athenian tragedy developed from the dithyramb; the two forms developed alongside one another for some time. The clearest sense of dithyramb as proto-tragedy comes from a surviving dithyramb by Bacchylides, though it was composed after tragedy had already developed fully. Bacchylides' dithyramb is a dialogue between a solitary singer and a choir. It is suggestive of

Dithyramb
In Athens, dithyrambs were sung by a Greek chorus of up to fifty men or boys dancing in circular formation, who may or may not have been dressed as Satyrs, probably accompanied by the ""aulos"". They would normally relate some incident in the life of Dionysus or just celebrate wine and fertility. The ancient Greeks laid out the criteria of the dithyramb as follows: Competitions between groups singing and dancing dithyrambs were an important part of the festivals of Dionysus, such as the Dionysia and Lenaia. Each tribe would enter two choirs, one of men and one of boys, each

"Greek chorus"
playing several parts each. As the Greek theatres were so large, the chorus' actions had to be exaggerated and their voices clear so that everyone could see and hear them. To do this, they used techniques such as synchronization, echo, ripple, physical theatre and the use of masks to aid them. A Greek chorus was often led by a coryphaeus. They also served as the ancient equivalent for a curtain, as their parodos (entering procession) signified the beginnings of a play and their exodos (exit procession) served as the curtains closing. Before the introduction of multiple, interacting actors by Aeschylus,

as the result of a dream. He was called Stesichorus because he was the first to establish (""stesai"") a chorus of singers to the cithara; his name was originally Tisias. The specific dates given by the ""Suda"" for Stesichorus have been dismissed by one modern scholar as ""specious precision"" its dates for the ""floruit"" of Alcman (the 27th Olympiad), the life of Stesichorus (37th–56th Olympiads) and the birth of Simonides (the 56th Olympiad) virtually lay these three poets end-to-end, a coincidence that seems to underscore a convenient division between old and new styles of poetry. Nevertheless, the ""Suda""'s dates ""fit

Damon Salvatore Damon Salvatore is a fictional character in ""The Vampire Diaries"" novel series. He is portrayed by Ian Somerhalder in the television series. Initially, Damon is the main antagonist in the beginning of the show and later became a protagonist. After the first few episodes, Damon begins working alongside his younger brother, Stefan Salvatore, to resist greater threats and gradually Elena begins to consider him a friend. His transition was completed after his younger brother Stefan, who is also a vampire, convinces him to drink blood. Damon thus vows to make his brother's life sorrowful – thus further causing

effects of the bite, Damon stakes her in a glorious dream they share, giving her a peaceful death. Uncle John returns to Mystic Falls and comes as an unpleasant surprise to Elena, Damon, Jenna, and Alaric. John reveals to Damon that the only way to kill an Original is with a dagger dipped in white ash wood. A boy named Luka settle in the town with his father (they are both warlocks) and reveals that they are working for Elijah because Klaus has his sister Greta and they want him (Luka) dead as well. Luka becomes friends with Bonnie and

long road trip to Oregon to seek the Gemini Coven, and also compelling Alaric to steal the Ascendant from Jo. They finally reunite at the Salvatore Boarding House with a hug after Sheriff Forbes's funeral. It's shown that Damon and Bonnie genuinely care about each other and have made sacrifices for each other. Damon Salvatore Damon Salvatore is a fictional character in ""The Vampire Diaries"" novel series. He is portrayed by Ian Somerhalder in the television series. Initially, Damon is the main antagonist in the beginning of the show and later became a protagonist. After the first few episodes, Damon

role as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a ""cool"" uncle, sexy and athletic. Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship

is introduced as a friend of Elijah. He is a warlock who, in order to save his daughter Greta, is willing and able to help defeat Klaus. He is later killed by Katherine, who is protecting the Salvatore brothers. Gino Anthony Pesi portrays Maddox at the end of season two, a warlock who works for Klaus. Matt shoots him to death when he tries to overcome Damon. On February 18, 2011, it was announced that British actor Joseph Morgan had signed on to play original vampire Klaus. The second season focuses mainly on the arrival of Elena's doppelgänger Katherine Pierce

parents in a car accident, as she falls in love with a 162-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley). Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan's mysterious older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns, with a plan to bring back their past love Katherine Pierce, a vampire who looks exactly like Elena. Although Damon is initially the villain and harbors a grudge against his brother for forcing him to become a vampire, he later reconciles with Stefan and falls in love with Elena, creating a love triangle among the three. Both brothers protect Elena as they face various villains and

a loner and Elena starts dating a boy named Stefan Salvatore. It is soon revealed that Stefan is a vampire and his brother Damon shows up in Mystic Falls and kills people at random. Another supernatural revelation occurs when Elena's friend Bonnie Bennett discovers she is born into a line of witches and is a witch herself. She gets help from her grandmother to use her powers. Elena's friends and acquaintances also become involved such as Tyler Lockwood, son of the mayor, and Matt Donovan, Elena's ex-boyfriend and Caroline Forbes, daughter of the sheriff. It also turns out that Elena

he wants to use her as bait to lure Klaus and kill him. Jules, a friend of Mason, tells the Lockwoods that Mason never came back to Florida and is missing. Alaric is suspicious of Jules and calls Damon to the Grill (local town hangout). Jules reveals that she is a werewolf. Damon tells Jules she won't find Mason and to leave town. Jules breaks into the Salvatore mansion in wolf form and attacks Damon, but Rose pushes him out of the way, getting bitten on the shoulder instead (werewolf bites are lethal to vampires). As Rose succumbs to the

Pier
in 1821, and Brighton Chain Pier, built in 1823. Only the oldest of these piers still remains. At that time the introduction of the railways for the first time permitted mass tourism to dedicated seaside resorts. The large tidal ranges at many such resorts meant that for much of the day, the sea was not visible from dry land. The pleasure pier was the resorts' answer, permitting holidaymakers to promenade over and alongside the sea at all times. The world's longest pleasure pier is at Southend-on-sea, Essex, and extends 1.3 miles (2.1 km) into the Thames estuary. With a length

"Southend Pier"
marine radar training courses in a small room at the end of the pier. Students were billeted at various bed and breakfasts locally. Southend Pier Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that ""the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier"". The pier is a Grade II listed building. In the early 19th century, Southend was growing as a seaside holiday resort. At the time, it was thought that spending time by the sea was good for one's health, and

Southend Pier Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that ""the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier"". The pier is a Grade II listed building. In the early 19th century, Southend was growing as a seaside holiday resort. At the time, it was thought that spending time by the sea was good for one's health, and since it was close to the capital, many Londoners would come to Southend for this reason. However the coast at Southend consists of

"Llandudno Pier"
Llandudno Pier Llandudno Pier is a Grade II* listed pier in the seaside resort of Llandudno, North Wales, United Kingdom. At , the pier is the longest in Wales and the fifth longest in England and Wales. In 2005, was voted ""Pier of the Year 2005"" by the members of the National Piers Society. At the end of the pier is a deep-water landing stage, completely rebuilt for the third time in 1969, which is used by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company for occasional excursions to Douglas, Isle of Man, and for an annual visit of the ""PS

"South West Coast Path"
South West Coast Path The South West Coast Path is England's longest waymarked long-distance footpath and a National Trail. It stretches for , running from Minehead in Somerset, along the coasts of Devon and Cornwall, to Poole Harbour in Dorset. Because it rises and falls with every river mouth, it is also one of the more challenging trails. The total height climbed has been calculated to be 114,931 ft (35,031 m), almost four times the height of Mount Everest. It has been voted 'Britain's Best Walking route' twice in a row by readers of the Ramblers ""Walk"" magazine, and regularly

"Golden Mile (Blackpool)"
Golden Mile (Blackpool) The Golden Mile is the name given to the stretch of Promenade between the North and South piers in Blackpool, England. It emerged in the late 19th century, when small-time amusement ride operators, fortune-tellers, phrenologists and oyster bars set up in the front gardens of boarding houses, to take advantage of passing trade near the now-demolished Blackpool Central railway station. It received its nickname later, partly due to the very high concentration of slot machines which would dominate the area. The promenade is actually in length. Today, it is home to the Coral Island and Funland amusement

Longships
Longships The Longships is the name given to a group of rocky islets situated approximately 1 miles (2 km) west of Land's End, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The islets are marked by the Longships Lighthouse, the current structure being first lit in December 1873. The islets are very popular for recreational diving, the sea has clear water with prolific marine life and flora. The Longships lie off the granite headland of Land's End and the contact area between the granite pluton and the ″country rocks″ is just offshore. The reef is within a metamorphic aureole formed after the granite intruded the

Clevedon Pier Clevedon Pier is a seaside pier in the town of Clevedon, Somerset, England on the east shore of the Severn Estuary. It has been described by Sir John Betjeman, as ""the most beautiful pier in England"" and was designated a Grade I listed building in 2001. The pier was built during the 1860s to attract tourists and provide a ferry port for rail passengers to South Wales. The pier is long and consists of eight spans supported by steel rails covered by wooden decking, with a pavilion on the pier head. The pier opened in 1869 and served

"Land's End"
often used to suggest distance. Land's End to John o' Groats in Scotland is a distance of by road and this ""Land's End to John o' Groats"" distance is often used to define charitable events such as end-to-end walks and races in the UK. Land's End to the northernmost point of England is a distance of by road. Land's End is a popular venue for rock climbers. The Longships, a group of rocky islets are just over offshore, and together with the Seven Stones Reef and the Isles of Scilly which lie about southwest — are part of the mythical

"Portland Harbour"
Portland Harbour Portland Harbour is located beside the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast of England. When completed in 1872, its surface area made it the largest man made harbour in the world, and it is the third largest , after the Ras Laffan Harbour in Qatar and the Cherbourg Harbour in France. It is naturally protected by Portland to the south, Chesil Beach to the west and mainland Dorset to the north. It consists of four breakwaters — two southern and two northern. These have a total length of and enclose approximately of water. The initial southern

"Tablet (religious)"
Tablet (religious) A tablet, in a religious context, is a term used for certain religious texts. Judaism and Christianity maintain that Moses brought the Ten Commandments down from Mount Sinai in the form of two tablets of stone. According to the Book of Exodus, God delivered the tablets twice, the first set having been smashed by Moses in his anger at the idol-worship of the Israelites. The Preserved Tablet (""al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz""), the heavenly preserved record of all that has happened and will happen, contains ""qadar"". ""Qadar"" (, transliterated ""qadar"", meaning ""fate"", ""divine fore-ordainment"", ""predestination"") is the concept of divine destiny

in Islam. The term ""tablet"" is part of the title of many shorter works of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, and his son and successor `Abdu'l-Bahá. Tablet (religious) A tablet, in a religious context, is a term used for certain religious texts. Judaism and Christianity maintain that Moses brought the Ten Commandments down from Mount Sinai in the form of two tablets of stone. According to the Book of Exodus, God delivered the tablets twice, the first set having been smashed by Moses in his anger at the idol-worship of the Israelites. The Preserved Tablet (""al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz""), the heavenly

"Tablets of Stone"
Tablets of Stone According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tables of the Law as they are widely known in English, or Tablets of Stone, Stone Tablets, or Tablets of Testimony (in Hebrew: לוחות הברית ""Luchot HaBrit"" - ""the tablets [of] the covenant"") in the Exodus 34:1, were the two pieces of stone inscribed with the Ten Commandments when Moses ascended Mount Sinai as written in the Book of Exodus. Exodus 31:18 refers to the tablets as the ""Tablets of (the) Testimony"". According to the biblical narrative there were two sets of tablets. The first, inscribed by God, () were smashed

"Ebla tablets"
leaked to the public"". The present consensus is that Ebla's role in biblical archaeology, strictly speaking, is minimal. Ebla tablets The Ebla tablets are a collection of as many as 1,800 complete clay tablets, 4,700 fragments, and many thousands of minor chips found in the palace archives of the ancient city of Ebla, Syria. The tablets were discovered by Italian archaeologist Paolo Matthiae and his team in 1974–75 during their excavations at the ancient city at Tell Mardikh. The tablets, which were found ""in situ"" on collapsed shelves, retained many of their contemporary clay tags to help reference them. They

"Nubayrah Stele"
Nubayrah Stele The Nubayrah Stele is a mutilated copy of the Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V) on a limestone stele. The same decree is found upon the Rosetta Stone. From 1848, it was known that a partial copy of the Decree was on a wall at the Temple of Philae, but overwritten in many places, by scenes, or damaged. The limestone stele is rounded at the top, is high, and wide.' The Nubayrah Stele is named for the present day town of Noubarya-(?) on the former Canopic branch of the Nile River; the town is southwest of Damanhur. The original

""""Nubayrah"""" was close to Damanhur. The Nubayrah Stele is located in the Egyptian Museum, no. 5576. The hieroglyph text was published, in the 1800s and early 1900s in five resources: Nubayrah Stele The Nubayrah Stele is a mutilated copy of the Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V) on a limestone stele. The same decree is found upon the Rosetta Stone. From 1848, it was known that a partial copy of the Decree was on a wall at the Temple of Philae, but overwritten in many places, by scenes, or damaged. The limestone stele is rounded at the top, is high, and

the original Ark of the Covenant is kept in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum. The Quran states that ""tablets"" were given to Moses, without quoting their contents explicitly: These tablets are not broken in the Quran, but picked up later: Tablets of Stone According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tables of the Law as they are widely known in English, or Tablets of Stone, Stone Tablets, or Tablets of Testimony (in Hebrew: לוחות הברית ""Luchot HaBrit"" - ""the tablets [of] the covenant"") in the Exodus 34:1, were the two pieces of stone inscribed with the

"Ophel inscription"
Ophel inscription The Ophel Pithos is a 3,000-year-old inscription on a fragment of a ceramic jar found near Jerusalem's Temple Mount (see Ophel) by archeologist Eilat Mazar. It was found in 2012 during excavations and the find was announced in summer 2013. It is the earliest alphabetical inscription found in Jerusalem. Eilat Mazar has dated the potsherds on which the inscription was written to the 10th century BCE. The interpretation of the fragment is controversial, with readings varying from sensationalist claims to minimalist scepticism. The fragment comes from a pithos, a large neckless ceramic jar, discovered in a ceramic assemblage

"Gun laws in Florida"
Gun laws in Florida Gun laws in Florida regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Florida in the United States. Florida is a ""shall issue"" state, and issues concealed carry licenses to both residents and non-residents. Florida recognizes licenses from any other state which recognizes Florida's license, provided the non-resident individual is a resident of the other state and is at least 21 years old or may be under 21 if the applicant is a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Florida law prohibits localities from regulating firearms,

briefly and openly display the firearm to the ordinary sight of another person, unless the firearm is intentionally displayed in an angry or threatening manner, not in necessary self-defense. Currently, Florida's Concealed Weapon License is one of the most widely recognized, state-issued concealed weapon license. The resident Florida Concealed Weapon License is recognized in thirty-five different states, while the non-resident Florida Concealed Weapon License is recognized in thirty states. ""Concealed firearm"" is defined in F.S.S.790.001(2) as ""any firearm, as defined in subsection (6), which is carried on or about a person in such a manner as to conceal the firearm

can get judicial approval to confiscate, for up to a year, the firearms of a person deemed a danger to themselves or others. The possession of a bump stock is illegal. This is a gun stock that can be used to increase the rate of fire of a semi-automatic rifle. Gun laws in Florida Gun laws in Florida regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Florida in the United States. Florida is a ""shall issue"" state, and issues concealed carry licenses to both residents and non-residents. Florida recognizes licenses from any other state

"Gun laws in Texas"
Gun laws in Texas Gun laws in Texas regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the U.S. state of Texas. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law except for the prohibition of zip guns. A person of any age may possess a firearm such as at a firing range. Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older, and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL

apply to sales by non-licensed sellers, the Florida Constitution, Art VIII Sec. 5(b), permits counties to enact ordinances that require a criminal history records check and a 3 to 5-day waiting period for non-licensed sellers when any part of a firearm sale is conducted on property to which the public has the ""right of access"", such as at a gun show conducted on public property. These local option ordinances may not be applied to holders of a concealed weapons license. Only Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Hillsborough, and Volusia counties had enacted such ordinances. Under Florida's red flag law, the police

defendant will be awarded all costs of defense. Buyers must be at least 21 years old to purchase any firearm in Florida. There is a waiting period of the longer of 3 business days or until background checks clear unless the purchaser has a concealed carry permit, is trading in a different firearm, the purchase is for a rifle or shotgun and the purchaser has completed a 16 hour hunter safety class in addition to holding a hunter safety certification card, or the purchaser is law enforcement or military. As state law on waiting periods and background checks do not

of Disney's pre-existing no weapons allowed policy. The case was later dropped by the plaintiff citing personal and financial reasons. Disney claims that they are exempt from the new state law, on the basis of their having a fireworks license for conducting nightly fireworks shows at Disney World. ""Castle doctrine"" refers to the generally accepted common-law principle that one is not required to retreat when in one's own dwelling. Eliminating the requirement to retreat outside the home (i.e. in public) is generally referred to as a ""stand your ground"" law. As of October 1, 2005, Florida became a ""No Duty

Legislature adding penalties for violating the existing preemption statute. It was signed into law by Governor Rick Scott on June 2, 2011. Penalties may include fines, removal from public office, termination of employment and other punishments. Firearms regulations are uniform throughout Florida, and a carry license is valid everywhere other than in a few specially-defined areas. These prohibited places include any police station, prison, courthouse, polling place, government meeting place, airport, seaport, or tavern. Concealed carry is also prohibited in any school, except for authorized security personnel or armed marshals. Anyone lawfully carrying a firearm in a concealed manner, may

person inside a vehicle without a license is not permitted (except in the case of open carry in accordance with the law outlined above). Once a handgun is securely encased, it can be stored anywhere inside the vehicle and is not limited to just the glove compartment/center console. Long guns may be anywhere in a private conveyance when such firearm is being carried for a lawful use. As of July 1, 2008, Florida became a ""Take your gun to work"" state (F.S. 790.251). This law prohibits most businesses from firing any employee for keeping a legal firearm locked in his

or her vehicle in the company parking lot. The purpose of the new law is to allow citizens to exercise their Second Amendment rights during their commutes to and from work. Exceptions listed in F.S. 790.251(7) include school property, correctional institutions, nuclear power plants, national defense facilities, facilities for explosives or combustible materials, or a motor vehicle owned, rented, or leased by a person's employer. A case was filed against Walt Disney World Resort by a former Disney security guard who was fired, despite having a CWL, for having a firearm locked in his car on July 1, in violation

Chymotrypsin
in the oxyanion hole. This forms a tetrahedral adduct and breakage of the peptide bond. An acyl-enzyme intermediate, bound to the serine, is formed, and the newly formed amino terminus of the cleaved protein can dissociate. In the second reaction step, a water molecule is activated by the basic histidine, and acts as a nucleophile. The oxygen of water attacks the carbonyl carbon of the serine-bound acyl group, resulting in formation of a second tetrahedral adduct, regeneration of the serine -OH group, and release of a proton, as well as the protein fragment with the newly formed carboxyl terminus Chymotrypsin

residue constitutes the catalytic triad of the active site. These findings rely on inhibition assays and the study of the kinetics of cleavage of the aforementioned substrate, exploiting the fact that the enzyme-substrate intermediate ""p""-nitrophenolate has a yellow colour, enabling measurement of its concentration by measuring light absorbance at 410 nm. The reaction of chymotrypsin with its substrate was found to take place in two stages, an initial “burst” phase at the beginning of the reaction and a steady-state phase following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The mode of action of chymotrypsin explains this as hydrolysis takes place in two steps. First, acylation

soft plastic material, welded to a flexible cannula, is passed into trachea through the glottis, and then extracted outside of the neck through the pretracheal layers. The direction of this dilational maneuver is from the inside of the tracheal lumen to the outside of the neck (In/Out) and therefore completely opposite to the Out/In of other traditional percutaneous tracheostomies. The cone is then separated from the cannula, which results in it being positioned in the trachea. This method ensures considerable advantages, two of which are of particular importance: the abolition of the risk of perforation of the posterior wall and

Transamination
catalyzed by aminotransferase occurs in two stages. In the first step, the α amino group of an aminoacid is transferred to the enzyme, producing the corresponding α-keto acid and the aminated enzyme. During the second stage, the amino group is transferred to the keto acid acceptor, forming the amino acid product while regenerating the enzyme. The chirality of an amino acid is determined during transamination. For the reaction to complete, aminotransferases require participation of aldehyde containing coenzyme, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), a derivative of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B). The amino group is accommodated by conversion of this coenzyme to pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate (PMP). PLP is

"Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase"
cleavage event. The hairpins are both opened by the Artemis complex, which has endonuclease activity when phosphorylated, providing the free 3' OH ends for TdT to act upon. Once the Artemis complex has done its job and added palindromic nucleotides (P-nucleotides) to the newly opened DNA hairpins, the stage is set for TdT to do its job. TdT is now able to come in and add N-nucleotides to the existing P-nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction that polymerases are known to function. On average 2-5 random base pairs are added to each 3' end generated after the action of

Chymotrypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive precursor (zymogen) of chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme which breaks proteins down into smaller peptides. Chymotrypsinogen is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 245 amino acid residues. It is synthesized in the acinar cells of the pancreas and stored inside membrane-bounded granules at the apex of the acinar cell. Release of the granules from the cell is stimulated by either a hormonal signal or a nerve impulse, and the granules spill into a duct leading into the duodenum. Chymotrypsinogen must be inactive until it gets to the digestive tract. This prevents damage to the pancreas or

"Translation (biology)"
They are the aminoacyl site (abbreviated A), the peptidyl site (abbreviated P) and the exit site (abbreviated E). With respect to the mRNA, the three sites are oriented 5’ to 3’ E-P-A, because ribosomes move toward the 3' end of mRNA. The A-site binds the incoming tRNA with the complementary codon on the mRNA. The P-site holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain. The E-site holds the tRNA without its amino acid. When an aminoacyl-tRNA initially binds to its corresponding codon on the mRNA, it is in the A site. Then, a peptide bond forms between the amino acid

P-site
P-site The P-site (for peptidyl) is the second binding site for tRNA in the ribosome. The other two sites are the A-site (aminoacyl), which is the first binding site in the ribosome, and the E-site (exit), is the third and final binding site in the ribosome. During Protein translation, the P-site holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain. When a stop codon is reached, the peptidyl-tRNA bond of the tRNA located in the P-site is cleaved releasing the newly synthesized protein. During the translocation step of the elongation phase, the mRNA is advanced by one codon,

"Endoscopic laser cordectomy"
with a spot size of 0.2 mm and power of 3-5 Watts, a cordotomy is performed 1-2mm anteriorly to the vocal process. This is then carried laterally to the thyroid lamina through the width of the vocal ligament and vocalis muscle. The cordotomy provides access to the arytenoid cartilage as well as opens the airway posteriorly. After the operation, the patient is slightly immunocompromised, so to avoid infection by opportunistic organisms, oral antibiotic therapy is given for 1 week. Anti -gastroesophageal reflux treatment is given for 8 weeks to avoid the gag reflex occurring due to post operative edema. The

of the substrate to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate, and then deacylation to return the enzyme to its original state. This occurs via the concerted action of the three-amino-acid residues in the catalytic triad. Aspartate hydrogen bonds to the N-δ hydrogen of histidine, increasing the pKa of its ε nitrogen, thus making it able to deprotonate serine. This deprotonation allows the serine side chain to act as a nucleophile and bind to the electron-deficient carbonyl carbon of the protein main chain. Ionization of the carbonyl oxygen is stabilized by formation of two hydrogen bonds to adjacent main chain N-hydrogens. This occurs

Earl Watson as head coach would be the longest period in NBA history without any coaching changes occur. The last time no head coaches were hired in the off-season occurred during the 1975–76 season. The preseason began on September 30 and ended on October 13. The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China, at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8. Minnesota won the first game 111–97, while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one, 142–110. The regular season began on October 17, 2017 and ended on April 11, 2018. Notes On

There were no head coaching changes during the regular season. This was the first time since the 1963–64 NBA season that there was no in-season coaching changes, the fourth time this happened in league history. The preseason began on October 1, 2016 and ended on October 21, 2016. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 25, 2016. Christmas Day games were played on Sunday, December 25, 2016. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 12, 2017. The schedule was released at 6:00 p.m. ET on August 11, 2016. Notes The 2017 NBA Playoffs began on April 15, 2017. In May

Oklahoma City Thunder, Phoenix Suns, Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs and Washington Wizards. 2017–18 NBA season The 2017–18 NBA season was the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of ""back-to-back"" games teams were scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron

broadcast partner due to the Cumulus Media Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing nulling and voiding many broadcasting agreements. The team's games moved from Cumulus's WLS to Entercom's WSCR on February 3, 2018. Advertisements began to appear on league uniforms. With this, the NBA became the first of the ""Big Four"" North American professional sports league to use corporate sponsorship patches on its jerseys. As of March 6, 2018, there were 21 NBA teams that had signed uniform sponsorship contracts: Nine teams that did not sign a uniform sponsorship contract during the 2017–18 season: Chicago Bulls, Houston Rockets, Indiana Pacers, Memphis Grizzlies,

2017–18 NBA season The 2017–18 NBA season was the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of ""back-to-back"" games teams were scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. The

the game 114−103. The 2018 NBA Playoffs began on Saturday, April 14, 2018, ESPN aired the 2018 Eastern Conference Finals and TNT aired the 2018 Western Conference Finals. For the first time since 1979 both Conference Finals series went to a deciding Game 7. The season ended with the 2018 NBA Finals which began on May 31, 2018 and ended on June 8, 2018 on ABC. Awards were presented at the NBA Awards ceremony, which were held on June 25. Finalists for voted awards were announced during the playoffs and winners were presented at the award ceremony. The All-NBA Team

"2018–19 NBA season"
2018–19 NBA season The 2018–19 NBA season is the 73rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 16, 2018, and will end on April 10, 2019. The playoffs will begin April 13, 2019, with the NBA Finals concluding in June. The 2019 NBA All-Star Game will be played on February 17, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6 after the July moratorium ended. The preseason began on September 28 and ended on October 12. The Toronto Raptors played two

preseason games in Canada: first against the Portland Trail Blazers at the Rogers Arena in Vancouver on September 29, and second with the Brooklyn Nets in Montreal at the Bell Centre on October 10. The Dallas Mavericks and the Philadelphia 76ers played two preseason games in China, in Shanghai on October 5 and in Shenzhen on October 8. The regular season began on October 16, 2018 and will end on April 10, 2019. The entire schedule was released on August 10, 2018. Notes On June 20, 2018, the NBA announced that the Washington Wizards would play the New York Knicks

"Pilot (Malcolm in the Middle)"
episode gained a large viewer base, with ratings of 23 million. 11-year-old Malcolm and his brothers Reese and Dewey wake up to a typical school morning - the three siblings fighting over waffles at breakfast and their mother Lois carelessly shaving their father Hal's excessive body hair. While walking to school, Malcolm and Dewey lay eyes upon the school bully, Dave Spath. In class, Malcolm's teacher comments on his talent for painting; in an act of jealousy, Spath pours red paint on his chair. Malcolm sits in the paint just before being called to see the school counselor, Caroline Miller,

(Eric Steinberg) jumps off a high-story building to end consciousness, rather than tell him the horror of what is really going on. Jack (John Barrowman) later confronts Owens and learns from him that PhiCorp is as much a pawn as any other player in the system, and that whoever orchestrated the miracle has been working towards it for a very long time. He also learns of another term relating to the miracle which Owens' team of investigators have uncovered: ""the blessing"", dating back to the 1990s. In San Pedro, Rex (Mekhi Phifer) finishes his video message contained along with the

Pilot (Malcolm in the Middle) ""Pilot"" is the first episode of the first season of the television series ""Malcolm in the Middle"", which originally aired on the Fox Network on Sunday, January 9, 2000. It was the first episode written by Linwood Boomer and was directed by Todd Holland. In the episode, the six primary characters are introduced, Malcolm, Lois, Hal, Reese, Dewey, and Francis (who is at military school), and Malcolm's struggles and fears to be placed in the accelerated learning class ('Krelboynes') even though he has an IQ of 165. Airing as a midseason replacement for ""Futurama"", the

transfers Kaufman to a distant hospital. Adams visits British Major Kensington (Trevor Howard), a qualified psychiatrist who also considers Winston to be psychopathic but has been warned not to interfere. Kensington believes Winston killed Quinn out of a feeling of victimization because Quinn, a sergeant, had the same duties as Winston, a lieutenant. Winston, in an interview with Adams, raves that he killed Quinn for defiling the white race by consorting with a black woman. Though he despises Winston, Adams refuses to rig the trial, and he holds back his defense, waiting for Kaufman to arrive as a witness. When

"Middle Ground (The Wire)"
mayor of Baltimore and has strong views against the drug war and in favor of drug decriminalization. He acts as an advisor to the fictional mayor after Major Colvin has legalized drugs in a portion of the city and his character's feelings mirror his own politics. The episode received unanimous praise from television critics and is considered by many to be the best episode in the entire series. The Futon Critic named it the ninth best episode of 2004, commenting that the show is not shy about killing off characters, but was still surprised about Stringer Bell's death. George Pelecanos,

Angeles she is unable to make contact with Rhys. A mysterious phone call at the LAX white courtesy telephone tells her to put on her lenses, where she receives a message directly to her line of sight from some mysterious conspirators: they have her mother, husband and child, and to set them free she must deliver Jack. Assignment X described the episode as ""lackluster"", stating, ""This story seems to excel in examining all the permutations of its premise in society – such as the intriguing “45 Club” early in this episode – but the further it goes in following the

"Middle Passage (novel)"
he cannot figure out where in the ocean they are, claiming that since the storm, none of the constellations are where they are supposed to be. During this time, Calhoun takes his turn going down to the cargo hold to feed the creature, who gives him a mystical vision of his life and family that renders him unconscious for three days. When he awakens, he learns that Cringle has since died, leaving only himself, the cook, and several Allmuseri on board the ship, which is rapidly falling apart. Before completely disintegrating into the ocean, the ship is seen by another

Digestion
energy, and thus imposes an ""overhead charge"" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures. Examples may be seen in humans, who differ considerably from other hominids (lack of hair, smaller jaws and musculature, different dentition, length of intestines, cooking, etc.). The major part of digestion takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine primarily serves as a site for fermentation of indigestible matter by gut bacteria and for resorption of water from digests before excretion. In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the

Digestion
(largely the glucose-insulin system) have been uncovered in recent years. Digestion is a complex process controlled by several factors. pH plays a crucial role in a normally functioning digestive tract. In the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, pH is typically about 6.8, very weakly acidic. Saliva controls pH in this region of the digestive tract. Salivary amylase is contained in saliva and starts the breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides. Most digestive enzymes are sensitive to pH and will denature in a high or low pH environment. The stomach's high acidity inhibits the breakdown of carbohydrates within it. This acidity confers two

blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum. There are several organs and other components involved in the digestion of food. The organs known as the accessory digestive glands are the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. Other components include the mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and epiglottis. The largest structure of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). This starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, covering a distance of about nine (9) metres. The largest part of the GI tract is

fats to some degree though is not as efficient as the pancreatic lipase. The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands which secrete digestive enzymes including gastrin. After an hour or two, a thick semi-liquid called chyme is produced. When the pyloric sphincter, or valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes further with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, where digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs

cleaving it to form trypsin; further cleavage results in chymotripsin. The lower gastrointestinal tract (GI), includes the small intestine and all of the large intestine. The intestine is also called the bowel or the gut. The lower GI starts at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and finishes at the anus. The small intestine is subdivided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The cecum marks the division between the small and large intestine. The large intestine includes the rectum and anal canal. Partially digested food starts to arrive in the small intestine as semi-liquid chyme, one hour after

in the chyme. Food fat is dispersed by the action of bile into smaller units called micelles. The breaking down into micelles creates a much larger surface area for the pancreatic enzyme, lipase to work on. Lipase digests the triglycerides which are broken down into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride. These are then absorbed by villi on the intestinal wall. If fats are not absorbed in this way in the small intestine problems can arise later in the large intestine which is not equipped to absorb fats. Bile also helps in the absorption of vitamin K from the diet.

on the microvilli. The chylomicrons are small enough to pass through the enterocyte villi and into their lymph capillaries called lacteals. A milky fluid called chyle, consisting mainly of the emulsified fats of the chylomicrons, results from the absorbed mix with the lymph in the lacteals. Chyle is then transported through the lymphatic system to the rest of the body. The suspensory muscle marks the end of the duodenum and the division between the upper gastrointestinal tract and the lower GI tract. The digestive tract continues as the jejunum which continues as the ileum. The jejunum, the midsection of the

"Gastrointestinal tract"
peristaltic activity (basal electrical rhythm) due to its self-contained enteric nervous system. The rate can be modulated by the rest of the autonomic nervous system. The coordinated contractions of these layers is called peristalsis and propels the food through the tract. Food in the GI tract is called a bolus (ball of food) from the mouth down to the stomach. After the stomach, the food is partially digested and semi-liquid, and is referred to as chyme. In the large intestine the remaining semi-solid substance is referred to as faeces. The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract consists of several layers

who was the leader of the soviet union when the berlin wall was built

"Nikita Khrushchev"
East German leader Walter Ulbricht to begin construction of what became known as the Berlin Wall, which would surround West Berlin. Construction preparations were made in great secrecy, and the border was sealed off in the early hours of Sunday, 13 August 1961, when most East German workers who earned hard currency by working in West Berlin would be at their homes. The wall was a propaganda disaster, and marked the end of Khrushchev's attempts to conclude a peace treaty among the Four Powers and the two German states. That treaty would not be signed until September 1990, as an

II, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin headed a group of nations on his Western border, the Eastern Bloc, that then included Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, which he wished to maintain alongside a weakened Soviet-controlled Germany. As early as 1945, Stalin revealed to German communist leaders that he expected to slowly undermine the British position within the British occupation zone, that the United States would withdraw within a year or two, and that nothing would then stand in the way of a united communist Germany within the bloc. The major task of the ruling communist party in the Soviet zone was to

"History of Berlin"
War, and made a profound impression on Berliners as to who their friends and their enemies were. As part of this project, US Army engineers expanded Tempelhof Airport. Because sometimes the deliveries contained sweets and candy for children, the planes were also nicknamed ""Candy Bombers"". With Stalin dead, the KGB chief Lavrenti Beria jockeyed for power in the Kremlin, putting forth the goal of German reunification. His plan was to set up a workers' demonstration that would allow the Kremlin to remove hardliner Walter Ulbricht and begin a program of economic concessions to the workers. The plan failed when the

a notable moment of the Cold War and a high point of the New Frontier. It was a great morale boost for West Berliners, who lived in an exclave deep inside East Germany and feared a possible East German occupation. In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev, then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to tear down the Wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc: In June 1989 the Hungarian government began dismantling the

led by their Mayor () Willy Brandt, who strongly criticized the United States for failing to respond. Allied intelligence agencies had hypothesized about a wall to stop the flood of refugees, but the main candidate for its location was around the perimeter of the city. In 1961, Secretary of State Dean Rusk proclaimed, ""The Wall certainly ought not to be a permanent feature of the European landscape. I see no reason why the Soviet Union should think it is—it is to their advantage in any way to leave there that monument to communist failure."" United States and UK sources had

million East Germans that had left by 1961 totaled approximately 20% of the entire East German population. The loss was disproportionately heavy among professionals—engineers, technicians, physicians, teachers, lawyers and skilled workers. The brain drain of professionals had become so damaging to the political credibility and economic viability of East Germany that closing this loophole and securing the Soviet-imposed East-West-Berlin frontier was imperative. In November 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev issued the Western powers an ultimatum to withdraw from Berlin within six months and make it a free, demilitarised city. Khrushchev declared that, at the end of that period, the Soviet

following disagreements regarding reconstruction and a new German currency, Stalin instituted the Berlin Blockade, preventing food, materials and supplies from arriving in West Berlin. The United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and several other countries began a massive ""airlift"", supplying West Berlin with food and other supplies. The Soviets mounted a public relations campaign against the Western policy change. Communists attempted to disrupt the elections of 1948, preceding large losses therein, while 300,000 Berliners demonstrated for the international airlift to continue. In May 1949, Stalin lifted the blockade, permitting the resumption of Western shipments to Berlin.

"Cold War"
than ever before. The aftermath of the crisis led to the first efforts in the nuclear arms race at nuclear disarmament and improving relations, although the Cold War's first arms control agreement, the Antarctic Treaty, had come into force in 1961. In 1964, Khrushchev's Kremlin colleagues managed to oust him, but allowed him a peaceful retirement. Accused of rudeness and incompetence, he was also credited with ruining Soviet agriculture and bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. Khrushchev had become an international embarrassment when he authorized construction of the Berlin Wall, a public humiliation for Marxism–Leninism. In the

at the Alexanderplatz demonstration, East Berlin's large public square and transportation hub. The longtime leader of East Germany, Erich Honecker, resigned on 18 October 1989 and was replaced by Egon Krenz that day. Honecker had predicted in January of that year that the Wall would stand for 50 or 100 more years if the conditions that had caused its construction did not change. The wave of refugees leaving East Germany for the West kept increasing. By early November refugees were finding their way to Hungary via Czechoslovakia, or via the West German Embassy in Prague. This was tolerated by the

same year, suggests that the initiative for the construction of the Wall came from Khrushchev. However, other sources suggest that Khrushchev had initially been wary about building a wall, fearing negative Western reaction. What is beyond dispute, though, is that Ulbricht had pushed for a border closure for quite some time, arguing that East Germany's very existence was at stake. Khrushchev had become emboldened upon seeing US President John F. Kennedy's youth and inexperience show as weakness against Khrushchev's brutal, undiplomatic aggression. This feeling of miscalculation and failure is admitted by Kennedy in the U.S. ambassador's residence with ""New York

"Prime minister"
that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. During the whole of the 18th Century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their ""Liberty"" as contrasted to the ""Tyranny"" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. Over time, however, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers

relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his

could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries

and deliver its ""message"". Successful leaders had to have a new set of skills: to give a good speech, present a favourable image, and interact with a crowd. They became the ""voice"", the ""face"" and the ""image"" of the party and ministry. Robert Peel, often called the ""model Prime Minister"", was the first to recognise this new role. After the successful Conservative campaign of 1841, J. W. Croker said in a letter to Peel, ""The elections are wonderful, and the curiosity is that all turns on the name of Sir Robert Peel. It's the first time that I remember in

"Prime Minister of New Zealand"
Self-government was established in 1853, following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, and the First Parliament met on 24 May 1854. The origins of the office of prime minister are disputed. Use of the words ""prime minister"" as a descriptive term date back to the First Parliament, where they are applied to James FitzGerald and Thomas Forsaith. FitzGerald and Forsaith had no official titles, however, and New Zealand had not yet obtained self-government. As such, they are not usually considered prime ministers in any substantive sense. The first person to be formally appointed to a position of executive leadership was

usually presented with comparisons to the American Presidency. Thomas Poguntke and Paul Webb define it as: ""the development of increasing leadership power resources and autonomy within the party and the political executive respectively, and increasingly leadership-centered electoral processes"".The classic view of Cabinet Government was laid out by Walter Bagehot in ""The English Constitution"" (1867) in which he described the Prime Minister as the primus‐inter‐pares (""first among equals""). This view was challenged in ""The British Cabinet"" by John P. Mackintosh, who instead used the terminology of ""Prime Ministerial Government"" to describe the British government. This transformation, according to Mackintosh primarily resulted

behalf. Since the office evolved rather than being instantly created, it may not be totally clear-cut who was the first Prime Minister. However, this appellation is traditionally given to Sir Robert Walpole, who became First Lord of the Treasury in 1721. In 1720, the South Sea Company, created to trade in cotton, agricultural goods and slaves, collapsed, causing the financial ruin of thousands of investors and heavy losses for many others, including members of the royal family. King George I called on Robert Walpole, well known for his political and financial acumen, to handle the emergency. With considerable skill and

William and Anne appointed and dismissed Cabinet members, attended meetings, made decisions, and followed up on actions. Relieving the Sovereign of these responsibilities and gaining control over the Cabinet's composition was an essential part of evolution of the Premiership. This process began after the Hanoverian Succession. Although George I (1714–1727) attended Cabinet meetings at first, after 1717 he withdrew because he did not speak fluent English and was bored with the discussions. George II (1727–1760) occasionally presided at Cabinet meetings but his grandson, George III (1760–1820), is known to have attended only two during his 60-year reign. Thus, the convention

origins of the position are found in constitutional changes that occurred during the Revolutionary Settlement (1688–1720) and the resulting shift of political power from the Sovereign to Parliament. Although the Sovereign was not stripped of the ancient prerogative powers and legally remained the head of government, politically it gradually became necessary for him or her to govern through a Prime Minister who could command a majority in Parliament. By the 1830s the Westminster system of government (or cabinet government) had emerged; the Prime Minister had become ""primus inter pares"" or the first among equals in the Cabinet and the head

"Timeline of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom"
Timeline of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom This is a graphical timeline of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom from when the first Prime Minister in the modern sense, Robert Walpole, took office in 1721, until the present day. This timeline shows most of the early life, the political career and death of each Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846. The first Prime Minister was Robert Walpole in the early 18th century . Unlike countries where the leader is elected directly to the highest political office of a separate executive, the Prime Minister must first establish a

death, but the suffering caused by parasitism was a puzzling problem. The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan. In 1766, Georges Buffon suggested that some similar species, such as horses and asses, or lions, tigers, and leopards, might be varieties descended from a common ancestor. The Ussher chronology of the 1650s had calculated creation at 4004 BC, but by the 1780s geologists assumed a much older world. Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas, but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle, anticipating uniformitarianism. Charles Darwin's grandfather

"Man Gave Names to All the Animals"
the biblical Book of Genesis, verses 2:19–20 in which Adam named the animals and birds. The lyrics have an appeal to children, rhyming the name of the animal with one of its characteristics. So after describing an animal's ""muddy trail"" and ""curly tail,"" Dylan sings that ""he wasn't too small and he wasn't too big"" and so that animal was named a pig. Similarly, the cow got its name because Adam ""saw milk comin' out but he didn't know how"" and the bear got its name because it has a ""great big furry back and furry hair."" In the last

Life
Americas revealed large numbers of new plants and animals that needed descriptions and classification. In the latter part of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th, careful study of animals commenced and was gradually extended until it formed a sufficient body of knowledge to serve as an anatomical basis for classification. In the late 1740s, Carl Linnaeus introduced his system of binomial nomenclature for the classification of species. Linnaeus attempted to improve the composition and reduce the length of the previously used many-worded names by abolishing unnecessary rhetoric, introducing new descriptive terms and precisely defining their meaning. The

Animal
may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago. Aristotle divided animals into those with blood and those without. Carl Linnaeus created the first hierarchical biological classification for animals in 1758 with his ""Systema Naturae"", which Jean-Baptiste Lamarck expanded into 14 phyla by 1809. In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into the multicellular Metazoa (now synonymous with Animalia) and the Protozoa, single-celled organisms no longer considered animals. In modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between animal

"History of Animals"
that Walter Pagel comments that Aristotle ""perceptibly influenced"" the founders of modern zoology, the Swiss Conrad Gessner with his 1551–1558 ""Historiae animalium"", the Italian Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), the French Guillaume Rondelet (1507–1566), and the Dutch Volcher Coiter (1534–1576), while his methods of looking at time series and making use of comparative anatomy assisted the Englishman William Harvey in his 1651 work on embryology. Armand Marie Leroi's 2014 book ""The Lagoon: How Aristotle Invented Science"" and BBC documentary ""Aristotle's Lagoon"" set Aristotle's biological writings including the ""History of Animals"" in context, and propose an interpretation of his biological theories. History of

sixteenth century zoologists including Conrad Gessner, all influenced by Aristotle, wrote their own studies of the subject. Aristotle (384–322 BC) studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, remaining there for some 17 years. Like Plato, he sought universals in his philosophy, but unlike Plato he backed up his views with detailed observation, notably of the natural history of the island of Lesbos and the marine life in the island's lagoon at Pyrrha. This study made him the earliest natural historian whose written work survives. No similarly detailed work on zoology was attempted until the sixteenth century; accordingly Aristotle remained highly influential

Species
each kind of animal or plant into a context. Many of these early delineation schemes would now be considered whimsical: schemes included consanguinity based on colour (all plants with yellow flowers) or behaviour (snakes, scorpions and certain biting ants). John Ray, an English naturalist, was the first to attempt a biological definition of species in 1686, as follows: In the 18th century, the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus classified organisms according to shared physical characteristics, and not simply based upon differences. He established the idea of a taxonomic hierarchy of classification based upon observable characteristics and intended to reflect natural relationships.

"Julian Huxley"
Nations Population Fund marked 12 October 1999 as The Day of Six Billion. Julian Huxley Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist. He was a proponent of natural selection, and a leading figure in the mid-twentieth century modern synthesis. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935–1942), the first Director of UNESCO, a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund and the first President of the British Humanist Association. Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio

for some two thousand years. His writings on zoology form about a quarter of his surviving work. Aristotle's pupil Theophrastus later wrote a similar book on botany, ""Enquiry into Plants"". In the ""History of Animals"", Aristotle sets out to investigate the existing facts (Greek ""hoti"", what), prior to establishing their causes (Greek ""dioti"", why). The book is thus a defence of his method of investigating zoology. Aristotle investigates four types of differences between animals: differences in particular body parts (Books I to IV); differences in ways of life and types of activity (Books V, VI, VII and IX); and differences

"World Elephant"
World Elephant The ""world-elephants"" are mythical animals which appear in Hindu cosmology. The Amarakosha (5th century) lists the names of eight male elephants bearing the world (along with eight unnamed female elephants). The names listed are: Airavata, Pundarika, Vamana, Kumunda, Anjana, Pushpa-danta, Sarva-bhauma, Supratika. The names of four elephants supporting the earth from the four directions are given in the Ramayana : Viroopaaksha (east), Mahaapadma (south), Saumanasa (west), Bhadra (north). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable lists ""Maha-pudma and Chukwa"" are names from a ""popular rendition of a Hindu myth in which the tortoise Chukwa supports the elephant Maha-pudma, which

Mineral
Earth's crust, quartz (SiO) is the most abundant mineral species. It is characterized by its high chemical and physical resistivity. Quartz has several polymorphs, including tridymite and cristobalite at high temperatures, high-pressure coesite, and ultra-high pressure stishovite. The latter mineral can only be formed on Earth by meteorite impacts, and its structure has been composed so much that it had changed from a silicate structure to that of rutile (TiO). The silica polymorph that is most stable at the Earth's surface is α-quartz. Its counterpart, β-quartz, is present only at high temperatures and pressures (changes to α-quartz below 573 °C

Chalcogen
the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The four lightest chalcogens (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) are all primordial elements on Earth. Sulfur and oxygen occur as constituent copper ores and selenium and tellurium occur in small traces in such ores. Polonium forms naturally after the decay of other elements, even though it is not primordial. Livermorium does not occur naturally at all. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by weight, 89% of water by weight, 46% of the earth's crust by weight, and 65% of the human body. Oxygen also occurs in many minerals, being found in all oxide minerals

Mineral
Family, Tribe, Genus, and Species. The abundance and diversity of minerals is controlled directly by their chemistry, in turn dependent on elemental abundances in the Earth. The majority of minerals observed are derived from the Earth's crust. Eight elements account for most of the key components of minerals, due to their abundance in the crust. These eight elements, summing to over 98% of the crust by weight, are, in order of decreasing abundance: oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium. Oxygen and silicon are by far the two most important – oxygen composes 47% of the crust by

Mineral
at 1 bar). These two polymorphs differ by a ""kinking"" of bonds; this change in structure gives β-quartz greater symmetry than α-quartz, and they are thus also called high quartz (β) and low quartz (α). Feldspars are the most abundant group in the Earth's crust, at about 50%. In the feldspars, Al substitutes for Si, which creates a charge imbalance that must be accounted for by the addition of cations. The base structure becomes either [AlSiO] or [AlSiO] There are 22 mineral species of feldspars, subdivided into two major subgroups – alkali and plagioclase – and two less common groups

of uranium and thorium. Oxygen and silicon are notably the most common elements in the crust. On Earth and in rocky planets in general, silicon and oxygen are far more common than their cosmic abundance. The reason is that they combine with each other to form silicate minerals. In this way, they are the lightest of all of the two-percent ""astronomical metals"" (i.e., non-hydrogen and helium elements) to form a solid that is refractory to the Sun's heat, and thus cannot boil away into space. All elements lighter than oxygen have been removed from the crust in this way. ""Rare""

Mineral
tenacity, cleavage, fracture, parting, specific gravity, magnetism, taste or smell, radioactivity, and reaction to acid. Minerals are classified by key chemical constituents; the two dominant systems are the Dana classification and the Strunz classification. Silicon and oxygen constitute approximately 75% of the Earth's crust, which translates directly into the predominance of silicate minerals. The silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earth's crust. The silicate class of minerals is subdivided into six subclasses by the degree of polymerization in the chemical structure. All silicate minerals have a base unit of a [SiO] silica tetrahedron—that is, a silicon cation coordinated by

"Radiogenic nuclide"
radiogenic elements are radon and helium, both of which form during the decay of heavier elements in bedrock. Radon is entirely radiogenic, since it has too short a half-life to occur primordially. Helium, however, occurs in the crust of the Earth primordially, since both helium-3 and helium-4 are stable, and small amounts were trapped in the crust of the Earth as it formed. Helium-3 is almost entirely primordial (a small amount is formed by natural nuclear reactions in the crust). The global supply of helium (which occurs in gas wells and well as the atmosphere) is almost entirely (about 90-99%)

Chalcogen
of selenium. The atmosphere contains 1 nanogram of selenium per cubic meter. There are mineral groups known as selenates and selenites, but there are not many of minerals in these groups. Selenium is not produced directly by nuclear fusion. Selenium makes up 30 parts per billion of the universe by weight. There are only 5 parts per billion of tellurium in the earth's crust and 15 parts per billion of tellurium in seawater. Tellurium is one of the eight or nine least abundant elements in the earth's crust. There are a few dozen tellurate minerals and telluride minerals, and tellurium

"Nitrogen clathrate"
exist as a solid layer beneath the interior ocean. Nitrogen is the predominant component of the atmosphere. The clathrate may serve as a reservoir for nitrogen, and clathrates may also store methane, hydrogen sulfide, krypton and xenon. Clathrates formed at −178 °C are predicted to be predominantly nitrogen clathrate, with a smaller proportion of methane clathrate. Propane and ethane only form minute constituents. In the protosolar nebula, nitrogen clathrate is predicted to condense in a significant amount of about one percent, at temperatures below 45 K. However carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide clathrate is expected to be more common. This

Volatiles
volatiles with melting points above about 100 K (–173 °C, –280 °F) are referred to as ices. The terms ""gas"" and ""ice"" in this context can apply to compounds that may be solids, liquids or gases. Thus, Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants, and Uranus and Neptune are ice giants, even though the vast majority of the ""gas"" and ""ice"" in their interiors is a hot, highly dense fluid that gets denser as the center of the planet is approached. The Moon is very low in volatiles: its crust contains oxygen chemically bound into the rocks (in, for example, silicates),

broader inspirations from films like ""The Bridge on the River Kwai"" and ""The Great Escape"". Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like ""Ben-Hur"" and ""The Ten Commandments"". The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in ""Bridge on the River Kwai"". Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse

Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."" Peter Travers of ""Rolling Stone"" gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed ""with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold,"" and went on to say that """"War for the Planet of the Apes"" – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original."" Eric Kohn of ""Indiewire"" gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying ""It’s a

Battle for the Planet of the Apes Battle for the Planet of the Apes is a 1973 science fiction film directed by J. Lee Thompson. It is the fifth and final entry in the original ""Planet of the Apes"" series, produced by Arthur P. Jacobs, following ""Conquest of the Planet of the Apes"". It stars Roddy McDowall, Claude Akins, Natalie Trundy, Severn Darden, Lew Ayres, Paul Williams and John Huston. The two sequels in the 2010s reboot series, ""Dawn of the Planet of the Apes"" and ""War for the Planet of the Apes"", have a similar premise to ""Battle"", but

who abandoned traditional harmony and created the twelve-tone system for composition

"Twelve-tone technique"
Twelve-tone technique The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition devised by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and associated with the ""Second Viennese School"" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes. All 12

system using unordered hexachords or ""tropes""—but with no connection to Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique. Other composers have created systematic use of the chromatic scale, but Schoenberg's method is considered to be historically and aesthetically most significant. Invented by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in 1921 and first described privately to his associates in 1923, the method was used during the next twenty years almost exclusively by the composers of the Second Viennese School—Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler and Schoenberg himself. The twelve tone technique was preceded by ""freely"" atonal pieces of 1908–1923 which, though ""free"", often have as an ""integrative element

notes are thus given more or less equal importance, and the music avoids being in a key. Over time, the technique increased greatly in popularity and eventually became widely influential on 20th-century composers. Many important composers who had originally not subscribed to or even actively opposed the technique, such as Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky, eventually adopted it in their music. Schoenberg himself described the system as a ""Method of composing with twelve tones which are related only with one another"". It is commonly considered a form of serialism. Schoenberg's countryman and contemporary Josef Matthias Hauer also developed a similar

notes making twelve five-note phrases. Schoenberg's idea in developing the technique was for it to ""replace those structural differentiations provided formerly by tonal harmonies"". As such, twelve-tone music is usually atonal, and treats each of the 12 semitones of the chromatic scale with equal importance, as opposed to earlier classical music which had treated some notes as more important than others (particularly the tonic and the dominant note). The technique became widely used by the fifties, taken up by composers such as Milton Babbitt, Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Dallapiccola, Ernst Krenek, Riccardo Malipiero, and, after Schoenberg's death, Igor Stravinsky.

music need not be—several pieces by Berg, for instance, have tonal elements. One of the best known twelve-note compositions is ""Variations for Orchestra"" by Arnold Schoenberg. ""Quiet"", in Leonard Bernstein's ""Candide"", satirizes the method by using it for a song about boredom, and Benjamin Britten used a twelve-tone row—a ""tema seriale con fuga""—in his ""Cantata Academica: Carmen Basiliense"" (1959) as an emblem of academicism. Ten features of Schoenberg's mature twelve-tone practice are characteristic, interdependent, and interactive: Twelve-tone technique The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition devised by Austrian

... a minute intervallic cell"" which in addition to expansion may be transformed as with a tone row, and in which individual notes may ""function as pivotal elements, to permit overlapping statements of a basic cell or the linking of two or more basic cells"". The twelve-tone technique was also preceded by ""nondodecaphonic serial composition"" used independently in the works of Alexander Scriabin, Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, Carl Ruggles, and others. Oliver Neighbour argues that Bartók was ""the first composer to use a group of twelve notes consciously for a structural purpose"", in 1908 with the third of his fourteen

"Josef Matthias Hauer"
Josef Matthias Hauer Josef Matthias Hauer (March 19, 1883 – September 22, 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is most famous for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was also an important early theorist of twelve-tone music and composition. Hauer ""detested all art that expressed ideas, programmes or feelings,"" instead believing that it was ""essential...to raise music to its highest...level,"" a, ""purely spiritual, supersensual music composed according to impersonal rules,"" and many of his compositions reflect this in their

and commentary of Rudolf Steiner. The most important writings: Josef Matthias Hauer Josef Matthias Hauer (March 19, 1883 – September 22, 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is most famous for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was also an important early theorist of twelve-tone music and composition. Hauer ""detested all art that expressed ideas, programmes or feelings,"" instead believing that it was ""essential...to raise music to its highest...level,"" a, ""purely spiritual, supersensual music composed according to impersonal rules,""

"Musical temperament"
tuned every note in a scale from a progression of pure perfect fifths. This was quite suitable for much of the harmonic practice until then (""See: Quartal harmony""), but in the Renaissance, musicians wished to make much more use of Tertian harmony. The major third of Pythagorean tuning differed from a just major third by an amount known as syntonic comma, which musicians of the time found annoying. Their solution, laid out by Pietro Aron in the early 16th century, and referred to as meantone temperament (or quarter-comma meantone temperament), was to ""temper"" the interval of a perfect fifth slightly

"Equal temperament"
of tones knew more about the length of pitch pipes than its Western counterpart, and that the set of pipes duplicated according to the Zaiyu data proved the accuracy of this theory. One of the earliest discussions of equal temperament occurs in the writing of Aristoxenus in the 4th century BC. Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei) was one of the first practical advocates of twelve-tone equal temperament. He composed a set of dance suites on each of the 12 notes of the chromatic scale in all the ""transposition keys"", and published also, in his 1584 ""Fronimo"", 24 + 1

"NBC Olympic broadcasts"
were purchasing VPN services to access Canadian IP addresses so they could stream CBC Sports' live coverage instead (which is normally free for those in Canada). This time, some events that traditionally draw higher ratings were first aired live on one of NBC's sister cable networks (such as NBCSN), and then a tape-delayed version was broadcast on NBC in primetime. For coverage of the popular figure skating events, there were two sets of commentators: Terry Gannon, Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir announced NBCSN's live broadcast; and Tom Hammond, Scott Hamilton and Sandra Bezic anchored the tape-delayed coverage on NBC. Invariably,

Americas (and in turn, NBC's coverage). Coverage took a break in the east for late local news, after which coverage continued into ""Primetime Plus"", which featured additional live coverage into the Eastern late night and Western primetime hours. This was then followed by an encore of the ""Primetime"" block. NBCSN also broadcast live primetime blocks, and revived ""Olympic Ice"" to serve as a pre-show for figure skating coverage (hosted by Liam McHugh and Tanith White from Pyeongchang), alongside a digital-exclusive post-show hosted by Krista Voda from NBC Sports' headquarters. Bob Costas stepped down as main host prior to the Games,

"NHL on NBC"
on NBC and Game 4 televised on NBCSN. However, if one team led 2-0 (as this eventually happened), Game 3 moved to NBCSN and then Game 4 on NBC. On Tuesday, May 3, 2016, NBC Sports Radio was granted rights to broadcast and syndicate the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals. Kenny Albert would provide the play-by-play while Joe Micheletti would serve as analyst. This was the first neutral national broadcast since the 2008 NHL Radio broadcast. The NHL refused to allow players to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics ice hockey tournament. Initially, in response to the NHL's decision, NBC elected

"Erin Andrews"
to encourage the women in their lives to take their exams. Erin Andrews Erin Jill Andrews (born May 4, 1978) is an American sportscaster and television personality. She hosts ""Dancing with the Stars"" for ABC and is a sideline reporter for Fox NFL. Andrews was previously a co-host of ""College GameDay"" on ESPN and a contributor for ""Good Morning America"" on the ABC network. She also has an on-air presence at many major sporting events, including the Super Bowl and the World Series. Andrews was born in Lewiston, Maine, to Paula Andrews, a teacher, and Steven Andrews, a TV journalist.

"Kathryn Tappen"
Kathryn Tappen Kathryn Tappen (born April 9, 1981) is an American sportscaster. Tappen works on NBC Sports Group's coverage of the NHL, Notre Dame Football, ""Football Night in America"" as well as the Summer and Winter Olympic Games among others. Tappen is from Morristown, New Jersey. Growing up, she played youth baseball and basketball on boys' teams because there were no teams for girls where she lived. She also played golf, tennis and ran cross country. In her senior year of high school at Villa Walsh Academy, Tappen focused exclusively on track and eventually received academic and athletic scholarships to

"Olympics on NBC commentators"
Olympics on NBC commentators This article includes a list of hosts and commentators of the Olympic Games on NBC. Source (""please note that the paragraph containing the anchors for the 2008 Olympics was accidentally copied and pasted into the capsule for the 2010 Olympics""): ""Source for all other commentators without individual sources"": Bob Costas had health problems with his eyes so, the following substituted for him: ""Source"": ""<nowiki>*</nowiki>These announcers were to call the action in their respective sports from NBC's headquarters in New York City."" ""<nowiki>*</nowiki>These announcers called the action in their respective sports from NBC's headquarters in New York

Hockey"" personalities Bob McKenzie, Darren Dreger and Chris Cuthbert joined the ""NHL on NBC"" team. This was the result of Rogers Media's – the owners of Sportsnet – exclusive 12-year deal with the NHL in Canada replacing both TSN and CBC Sports as the rightsholders to the NHL. In 2014, NBC Sports partnered with Electronic Arts to integrate ""NHL on NBC"" presentation into its ""NHL"" video game series, beginning with ""NHL 15"". Complimenting the change, Mike Emrick and Eddie Olczyk also voiced commentary and other appearances in the game. In 2015, NBC Sports partnered with the league to expand Kraft

"CBS Olympic broadcasts"
the prime time slot in the U.S. Much of the men's and women's hockey action was held in the early afternoon (during late night in the Eastern Time Zone, allowing again for live broadcasts at 12:30 a.m. Eastern Time), however figure skating was shown on delay about 20 hours after the competitions took place so they could air in prime time. Each telecast had a different prime time host(s): Paula Zahn and Tim McCarver in 1992, Greg Gumbel in 1994, and Jim Nantz in 1998. CBS' theme music for their Olympic coverage was composed by Tamara Kline. In 2011, CBS

"NBA on ESPN"
NBA Shootaround. On December 31, 2007 analyst Kiki Vandeweghe left ESPN to pursue a role with the New Jersey Nets. ""NBA Shootaround"" is ESPN's main studio program, airing before each ""NBA Friday"" telecast. ""Shootaround"" and other in-game studio programs originally consisted of Kevin Frazier and Tim Hardaway on Fridays with Stuart Scott replacing Frazier on Wednesdays. After horrible reviews for Hardaway, ESPN brought in Greg Anthony to replace him on Friday nights. Frazier and Anthony became ESPN's main studio team and worked most of the playoffs. For the 2003 Eastern Conference Finals, ESPN used ABC's halftime team of Mike Tirico

"Terry Gannon"
Terry Gannon Terrance Patrick Gannon (born November 1, 1963, in Joliet, Illinois) is a sportscaster for NBC Sports and Golf Channel, currently announcing golf and figure skating. Although he is currently most closely associated with figure skating and golf, he is known as one of the ""most versatile"" announcers, having covered everything from college basketball and football to rugby and cycling. Gannon began his basketball career at Joliet Catholic High School in Joliet, Illinois, where his father was a coach. Upon his father's recommendation, he took four years of tap dancing with his mother, who was a tap-dancing instructor. He

"Dan Reynolds (singer)"
Dan Reynolds (singer) Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He is the lead vocalist and only remaining original member of the pop rock band Imagine Dragons. Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled ""Egyptian – EP,"" as a duo with Aja Volkman under the moniker Egyptian. He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award. Reynolds was born on July 14, 1987 in Las Vegas, the seventh of nine children (eight boys and one girl) of Christene M. (née Callister) and Ronald Reynolds, a

Me"" with all proceeds going to the One4 project to help fleeing refugees, particularly in the Middle East. He also helped organize the LoveLoud Fest to benefit LGBTQ organizations. Dan Reynolds (singer) Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He is the lead vocalist and only remaining original member of the pop rock band Imagine Dragons. Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled ""Egyptian – EP,"" as a duo with Aja Volkman under the moniker Egyptian. He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.

"Imagine Dragons"
million albums and 35 million singles worldwide. In 2008, lead singer Dan Reynolds met drummer Andrew Tolman at Brigham Young University where they were both students. Reynolds and Tolman added Andrew Beck, Dave Lemke, and Aurora Florence to play guitar, bass, and piano respectively for their band. Their name is an anagram for a phrase only known to members of the group, that Reynolds stated each member approved of. The five-piece released an extended play titled ""Speak to Me"" that year, but Beck and Florence departed from the band's line-up later that year. In 2009, Tolman recruited long-time high school

friend Wayne Sermon, who had graduated from Berklee College of Music to play guitar. Tolman later recruited his wife, Brittany Tolman, to sing back-up and play keys, and the band began to play shows together again. Lemke left the band later on, leading Sermon to recruit another Berklee music student, Ben McKee, to join the band as their bassist and complete the line-up. The band garnered a large following in their hometown of Provo, Utah, before the members moved to Las Vegas, the hometown of Dan Reynolds, where the band recorded and released their first three EPs. The band released

"Daniel Platzman"
Investigates"", the award-winning investigative documentary series on Al Jazeera English produced by Insight TWI. ""Africa Investigates"" is the first internationally broadcast documentary series fronted exclusively by African investigative journalists. Platzman also contributed music to the film ""Best F(r)iends"". Daniel Platzman Daniel James Platzman (born September 28, 1986) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, record producer, and composer. He is the drummer for the rock band Imagine Dragons. Platzman was born on September 28, 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Berklee College of Music where he earned a degree in film scoring. While at Berklee, Platzman played in the Berklee Concert

Daniel Platzman Daniel James Platzman (born September 28, 1986) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, record producer, and composer. He is the drummer for the rock band Imagine Dragons. Platzman was born on September 28, 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Berklee College of Music where he earned a degree in film scoring. While at Berklee, Platzman played in the Berklee Concert Jazz Orchestra, the Urban Outreach Jazz Orchestra and the Berklee Rainbow Big Band, and received the Vic Firth Award for Outstanding Musicianship and the Michael Rendish Award in Film Scoring. He also played in a guitar performance ensemble

"Ben McKee"
Ben McKee Benjamin Arthur McKee (born April 7, 1985, also known as Soft Hands McKee) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the bassist for the rock band Imagine Dragons. McKee was raised in Forestville, California, and graduated from El Molino High School. He grew up playing acoustic guitar and violin, before picking up acoustic bass in fifth grade. In high school, he continued learning bass guitar as a member of a jazz trio, which influenced his decision to attend Berklee College of Music. While at Berklee, McKee played in a guitar performance ensemble with future

platinum single by the RIAA. The band finished recording their debut album ""Night Visions"" in the summer of 2012 at Studio X inside Palms Casino Resort and released the album in the United States on the day after Labor Day (September 4, 2012). It peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart with first week sales in excess of 83,000 copies, the highest charting for a debut rock album since 2006. The album also reached No. 1 on the Billboard Alternative and Rock Album charts as well as the top ten on the Australian, Austrian, Canadian, Dutch, German, Irish,

See Live Act"" (""Las Vegas CityLife""), Vegas Music Summit Headliner 2010, and more sent the band on a positive trajectory. In November 2011 they signed with Interscope Records and began working with English Grammy Award-winning producer Alex da Kid. Eventually the Tolmans left the group and Daniel Platzman was recruited in August 2011 by invitation from Ben McKee, prior to the signing of the band's label deal in November 2011, alongside keyboardist Theresa Flaminio. Theresa Flaminio departed from Imagine Dragons in early 2012, leaving them as a four-piece. The band worked closely with Alex da Kid, with whom they recorded

their first major label release at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood, California. An EP entitled ""Continued Silence"" was released on Valentine's Day (February 14, 2012) digitally and peaked at number 40 on the ""Billboard"" 200. The band also released an EP titled ""Hear Me"" in 2012. Shortly after, ""It's Time"" was released as a single and peaked at number 15 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The music video debuted on April 17, 2012 on all MTV affiliates and was subsequently nominated for an MTV Video Music Award in the ""Best Rock Video"" category. ""It's Time"" was certified a double

cracking the Top 30 in the first two seasons, the third season showed progress, consistently ranking in the top 20, and by its sixth season, it became a top five hit, having remained there since. In 2011, ""NCIS"" was voted America's favorite television show in an online Harris Poll. The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season. On April 13, 2018, ""NCIS"" was renewed for a sixteenth season, that premiered on September 25, 2018. Diona Reasonover joined the main cast in Season 16, following the departures of Duane Henry

NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service that specializes in undercover assignments. ""NCIS: Los Angeles"" is the first spin-off of the successful series ""NCIS"". On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season which premiered on October 1, 2017. Nia Long joined the

"The X-Files"
very early stages"" and that the series would only go forward if Carter, Anderson, and Duchovny were all on board, and that it was a matter of ensuring all of their timetables are open. On March 24, 2015, it was confirmed the series would return with series creator Chris Carter and lead actors David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson. It premiered on January 24, 2016. On April 20, 2017, Fox officially announced that ""The X-Files"" would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes, which premiered on January 3, 2018. In January 2018, Gillian Anderson confirmed that season 11 would

"NCIS (season 14)"
NCIS (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American police procedural drama ""NCIS"" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. ""NCIS"" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. Production on this

"NCIS (season 15)"
NCIS (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American police procedural drama ""NCIS"" premiered on September 26, 2017, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 PM. The season premiere was watched by 17.42 milion viewers, picking up two months after Gibbs and McGee were last seen fighting a group of rebels in Paraguay and focused on the aftermath of those events. The season concluded on May 22, 2018 and contained 24 episodes. ""NCIS"" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S.

in season 5. Brad Kern became the series showrunner in January 2016. Within a year he had become the focus of two investigations for inappropriate behavior toward women. On May 17, 2018, it was reported that Kern was exiting his role as executive producer and showrunner, but would remain as consulting producer, with Chris Silber replacing him as showrunner. Kern was placed on suspension in June 2018, when CBS launched a third investigation into claims of harassment, which ultimately led to his firing by CBS in October 2018. In December 2017, TNT acquired the rerun rights to the series. ""NCIS:

"The X-Files (season 11)"
previous season, ""This new batch of episodes is considerably stronger. Even the ones that don't really do much but spin their wheels do so with feeling, and when the show is great — as it is, yet again, in Darin Morgan's episode — it's downright sublime."" The X-Files (season 11) The eleventh season of the American science fiction television series ""The X-Files"" premiered on January 3, 2018, on Fox. The season consists of ten episodes and concluded on March 21, 2018. It follows newly re-instated Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson).

"NCIS (season 13)"
NCIS (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American police procedural drama ""NCIS"" premiered on September 22, 2015, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. ""NCIS"" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for a thirteenth season by CBS on Monday, May 11, 2015. Michael Weatherly, who stars as Anthony DiNozzo on the show, departed the series in the season finale. On February 29, 2016, ""NCIS"" was renewed for seasons fourteen

playing them both. In the television series's fourth season, Elena becomes a vampire and deals with the struggles that come with her change. She took the cure and became human again towards the end of the sixth season. In the finale of the sixth season, Kai linked Elena to Bonnie's life by magic. Elena will only wake up when Bonnie dies in around 60 years. She was locked inside the Salvatore tomb, then relocated to a warehouse in Brooklyn, New York in the seventh season, then back to Mystic Falls. In late 2016, when it was announced that the eighth

"Elena Michaels"
Elena becomes close friends with people from other supernatural races. Amongst them: Elena and her pack also gained another pack brother, Karl Marsten. In September 2004, Elena gave birth to twins: Logan Nicholas Danvers and Katherine Natalya Danvers. As of winter 2008, the North American Pack Alpha, Jeremy Danvers, announced that Elena was to succeed him and be trained to take over his position when she was deemed ready. In 2009, Elena ascended to being Alpha; because, Jeremy was ready to step down, and thought she was ready for leadership. In the television adaptation ""Bitten"" Elena is portrayed by Laura

meets the Salvatores. In April 2015, Nina Dobrev announced that she would be departing the series after the sixth season finale. Much of Elena's story revolves around her relationships with vampires Stefan Salvatore and his older brother, Damon. It is revealed that Elena is a Petrova Doppelgänger, which is thus responsible for her being identical to her ancestor, Katherine Pierce (née Katerina Petrova). This also has the implication of making her a supernatural creature. Dobrev portrayed the ""conniving"" Katherine as well, who is opposite of Elena. The actress stated that it has been a challenge distinguishing the two, and enjoys

To save her, Doctor Merideth Fell (Torrey DeVitto) fed Elena Damon's blood. Rebekah Mikaelson kills Elena on Wickery Bridge, unaware of the vampire blood in her system. She woke up as a vampire at the end of the season. ""The Hollywood Reporter"" interviewed Plec, and described her transition as ""monumental changes"" which would have Elena in for a ""wild ride"". Plec said Elena becoming a vampire is ""an awakening of a person who is about to go through a lot of changes"", and ""she is going to evolve as a person and her relationships are going to evolve accordingly"". While

John, who she grew up hating, were. In season two, she learns that she is a Petrova doppelgänger, having an appearance just like Katherine Pierce, which means that she has to be sacrificed to release Klaus' werewolf side. The sacrifice later happens, but Elena is saved, because John sacrificed himself for her after being put under a spell by Bonnie. However, her aunt Jenna is turned into a vampire and, as part of the sacrifice, is killed by Klaus, leaving Elena without a guardian. In the season two finale, while Damon is dying due to a werewolf bite, she forgives

as well but that she never stopped loving Stefan. While in Denver together, Elena kisses Damon, later telling him that she doesn't know how she feels about him. It is eventually revealed that Elena met Damon the night of her parent's death, though he compelled her to forget. She eventually chooses Stefan in the season finale but before she can tell him, Elena drowns while having vampire blood in her system. During the last moments of season three, she awakens as a vampire in transition. In season four, Elena is faced with the tough decision of whether to die or

how that was the person she was once friends with. And it's hard for Damon to accept that he has to change to have her in his life, which he explains to Andy Star, his compelled girlfriend a few more episodes in. Damon is bitten by Tyler the werewolf at the end of the season. Elena takes care of him, and right before he is cured by the blood of Klaus, the original hybrid, she gives him a ""goodbye"" kiss, because she was sure he was going to die. She even forgives him, telling him that she cares for him

"Kayla Ewell"
for the first seven episodes in 2009. Ewell described her character, Vicki Donovan, to ""Star"" magazine as ""a really slutty high school student"", and ""a troublemaker"". Vicki was the first human on the series turned into a vampire. Ewell was killed off the show when her character was staked in the heart by Stefan (Paul Wesley) in order to save Elena (Nina Dobrev) in the Halloween-themed episode ""Haunted"". Ewell hinted in November 2009 that she was still under contract for the role and might return to the show, but series creator, Kevin Williamson, stated that there were no plans to

season would be the final season, Dobrev was in talks about returning to the television series to reprise her role in the final episode. After much speculation. Dobrev's return was confirmed on January 26, 2017, via an Instagram post. Dobrev appeared in the final episode of the show as both Elena and her evil doppelgänger Katherine Pierce. On March 9, 2009, it was announced that Bulgarian-born Canadian actress Nina Dobrev, known for her portrayal of on """", had joined the cast of ""The Vampire Diaries"" as Elena. She was the second cast member to be announced following Steven R. McQueen,

some advice about life and love, Damon compels her to forget. He remembers this as he fights Alaric and seems accepting of his death when Alaric, whose life line is tied to Elena's, suddenly collapses in his arms. Damon is grief-stricken, knowing that this means that Elena has also died and yells, ""No! You are not dead!"" A heartbroken Damon then goes to the hospital demanding to see Elena when the doctor, Meredith Fell, tells him that she gave Elena vampire blood. The last shot of the season finale episode shows Elena in transition. Damon starts season 4 at Elena's

and guitar. But what makes the song are the lyrics, penned by Bart Millard himself. The song speaks about that day that we all dream about when we finally meet Jesus... It's a song that can't be listened to with eyes open"". ""I Can Only Imagine"" debuted on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 for the chart week of 11 October 2003 at No. 76. The song peaked at No. 71 for two weeks and spent 16 non-consecutive weeks on the Hot 100. On the Adult Contemporary chart, ""I Can Only Imagine"" debuted at No. 29 for the chart week of 23

"Lake Eyre"
Bay and Madigan Gulf sub-basins of Lake Eyre North. Since 1883, proposals have been made to flood Lake Eyre with seawater brought to the basin via a canal or pipeline. The purpose was, in part, to increase evaporation and thereby increase rainfall in the region downwind of an enlarged Lake Eyre. The added rainfall has been modeled as small. Due to the basin's low elevation below sea level and the region's high annual evaporation rate (between ), such schemes have generally been considered impractical as it is likely that accumulation of salt deposits would rapidly block the engineered channel. At

presence of beta-carotene pigment caused by the algae ""Dunaliella salina"". Typically a flood occurs every three years, a flood every decade, and a fill or near fill a few times a century. The water in the lake soon evaporates with a minor or medium flood drying by the end of the following summer. Most of the water entering the lakes arrives via Warburton River. In strong La Niña years the lake can fill. Since 1885 this has occurred in 1886–1887, 1889–1890, 1916–1917, 1950, 1955, 1974–1977, and 1999–2001, with the highest flood of in 1974. Local rain can also fill Kati

dry season there is usually some water remaining in Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, normally collecting in over 200 smaller sub-lakes within its margins. The lake was formed by aeolian processes after tectonic upwarping occurred to the south subsequent to the end of the Pleistocene epoch. During the rainy season, rivers from the north-east part of the Lake Eyre Basin (in outback (south-west and central) Queensland) flow towards the lake through the Channel Country. The amount of water from the monsoon determines whether water will reach the lake and if it does, how deep the lake will get. The average rainfall in

lake includes ""Nodularia spumigena"" and a number of species of ""Dunaliella"". Birds such as pelicans and banded stilts are drawn to a filled lake from southern coastal regions of Australia, and from as far afield as Papua New Guinea. During the 1989–1990 flood it was estimated that 200,000 pelicans, 80% of Australia's total population, came to feed & roost at Lake Eyre. Scientists are presently unable to determine how such birds appear able to detect the filling of the lake, even when hundreds or thousands of kilometres away from the basin. The extent of the lake is covered by two

a rate of evaporation per day, a viaduct flowing a would supply enough water to create a sea. If brine water was not sent back to the ocean, it would precipitate of salt every year. The salinity in the lake increases as the salt crust dissolves over a period of six months of a major flood resulting in a massive fish kill. When over deep the lake is no more salty than the sea, but salinity increases as the water evaporates, with saturation occurring at about a depth. The lake takes on a pink hue when saturated due to the

"Lake Eyre basin"
with water and largely forested. About 20 million years ago, large shallow lakes formed, covering much of the area for about 10 million years. From that time on, as Australia drifted further north and the climate became gradually more arid, the lakes and floodplains started to dry. Only in the last 2.6 million years did the onset of the ice ages bring about the present climatic regime and the consequent fairly rapid desertification of the area. Significant minerals deposits such as oil and natural gas, including Australia's most significant onshore petroleum reserves, are found within the basin. The mining and

interior of Australia. Average annual rainfall in the area surrounding Lake Eyre is , and the pan evaporation rate . Annualised average figures are misleading: since 1885 annual rainfall over the of the Lake Eyre Basin has ranged from about in 1928 to over in 1974. Most of the water reaching Lake Eyre comes from the river systems of semi-arid inland Queensland, roughly to the north. To provide a sense of scale, the Lake Eyre Basin is about the size of France, Germany and Italy combined. It is slightly larger than the Murray-Darling basin (which drains inland eastern Australia and

Eyre itself lies approximately below sea level, and usually contains only salt. In flood years it fills and for a short time undergoes a period of rapid growth and fertility: long-dormant marine creatures multiply and large flocks of waterfowl arrive to feed and raise their young before the waters evaporate once more. The annual mean runoff in the Lake Eyre Basin is lowest of any of the world's major drainage basins. None of the creeks and rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin are permanent: they flow only after heavy rain – a rare to very rare event in the arid

basin, below sea level, at Lake Eyre. Significant mineral deposits can be found in the basin. In 2004 the Lake Eyre Basin Intergovernmental Agreement was formed after concerns with the management of four separate state governments was raised as problems in the Murray-Darling basin arose. The basin began to form in the early Paleogene (about 60 million years ago) when south-eastern South Australia started to sink and rivers began to deposit sediment into the large, shallow basin. The basin is still gradually sinking, and still gradually accumulating sediment. For many millions of years, the Lake Eyre Basin was well supplied

is responsible for a large proportion of the continent's agricultural productivity) but has vastly less water. Nevertheless, the entire flow of the Murray-Darling would be insufficient to fill Lake Eyre, merely keeping pace with evaporation. In contrast, the flow of the Mississippi could fill Lake Eyre in 22 days, that of the Amazon in just 3 days. Other lakes in the basin include Lake Frome, Lake Yamma Yamma and Lake Hart. The Cooper Creek, Finke River, Georgina River and Diamantina River are the four main rivers of the basin. Other desert rivers include the Hale River, Plenty River and Todd

"Just Add Magic (TV series)"
January 19, 2018, as an extension of the second season. In the lively town of Saffron Falls, teenage girls Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah are best friends who love cooking. While making some brownies for Kelly’s grandma's (who has a mysterious illness and cannot talk) birthday, they find an ancient cookbook in the attic. The recipes they find inside have strange names like ""Shut'em Up Shortcake"" and ""Healing Hazelnut Tart"" and require unusual ingredients, such as ""Cedronian vanilla"" and ""Taurian thyme"". The girls go to Mama P.’s shop to get the ingredients for the “Shut ‘em Up Shortcake” and when no

Just Add Magic (TV series) Just Add Magic is an American live-action family television series, loosely based on the book of the same name by Cindy Callaghan. It was produced by Amazon Studios. A pilot was produced in 2015 and the series commissioned for a full season the following year. Amazon renewed the series for a second season in June 2016 after it ""set a record as the most successful Amazon Original Kids premiere weekend in terms of U.S. Prime Video streams and hours."" On January 4, 2018, a trailer was released announcing more episodes, which premiered on Amazon on

magical recipe that will fix her grandmother's mysterious illness, even if it means crossing creepy Mama P. or scary Ms. Silvers. As the girls work together they find out that Kelly’s grandma Becky is under a curse, and so are Mama P. (whose curse does not let her leave Saffron Falls) and Ms. Silvers (whose curse does not let her play the piano in public). The girls, while trying to free Grandma Quinn of her curse, uncover various mysteries of the past. Season 2 After Kelly, Hannah, and Darbie free the town of Mama P’s curse with their “Last-Ditch Layer

Cake”, they also break Grandma Quinn, and Ms Silvers’s curse, enabling them to talk again and play in public. But they also realize that they broke every curse, which means they brought back Chuck Hankins, a teenage boy from the ’60s who had suddenly gone missing because of Becky (Grandma Quinn), Gina (Ms.Silvers) and Ida (Mama P). Now he wants revenge and The Oc’s (Original Cooks) Grandma Quinn, Ms Silvers, and Mama P. know he is dangerous even though he pretends to lose his memory. They also realize that Chuck knows about magic and wants to steal the cookbook. When

it was reported that Erika Alexander had booked a three-episode recurring role as Jennifer's telepathic therapist, Perenna. On November 13, RJ Cyler was cast in the recurring role of Todd Green. Production for the season began on June 26, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia. In May 2018, it was announced that ""Black Lightning"", which served as a mid-season entry in its first season, would debut in the fall for its second. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. In November, it was announced that the series would move to airing on Mondays for the

"Orange Is the New Black (season 2)"
of the more difficult characters I've played. I think it'll be interesting seeing how this character is received, because Jenji has written a character that plays and enjoys the game, and is incredibly engaging and draws people into her, into the big game and has, I have a great deal of fun."" It was revealed that Lori Petty would have a guest role. In February 2014, Netflix revealed that the season was to be released on June 6, 2014. The second season received critical acclaim. Rotten Tomatoes gave a rating of 98%, with an average rating of 9.1 out of

Akil serving as showrunner. The season was ordered in April 2018 and production began that June. Cress Williams stars as Jefferson, along with principal cast members China Anne McClain, Nafessa Williams, Marvin ""Krondon"" Jones III, Christine Adams, Damon Gupton, and James Remar also returning from the previous season, while Jordan Calloway was promoted to the principal cast from his recurring status in season one. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for its second season. Executive producer and series developer Salim Akil returned to serve as the season's showrunner. In keeping with the ""less procedural and more

"Superstore (TV series)"
2015, that the series would air the premiere on January 4, 2016, but would be airing two back-to-back episodes on November 30, 2015, following ""The Voice"". On February 23, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season by NBC. On May 15, 2016, NBC announced that the series would lead off its Thursday night primetime programming in the 2016–17 season. The second season premiered on September 22, 2016, with a 22-episode order that was announced on September 23, 2016. The season concluded on May 4, 2017. A special Olympics-themed episode aired on August 19, 2016 during the network's coverage

"The Magicians (U.S. TV series)"
Professor Sunderland, with Esmé Bianco also cast. Syfy aired an advance commercial-free screening of the first episode on December 16, 2015 ahead of its January 25, 2016 premiere, when it was shown along with the second episode. The show was renewed for a second season in February 2016, and the second season premiered on January 25, 2017. On April 12, 2017, the series was renewed for a third season of 13 episodes, which premiered on January 10, 2018. On February 28, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season of 13 episodes, which is set to premiere on January

"Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year Award"
Miami Dolphins. Chuck Knox and Bill Belichick have each been awarded three times. The incumbent AP NFL Coach of the Year is Sean McVay, who led the Los Angeles Rams to the playoffs after a surprising turnaround, inheriting a team that went 4–12 the previous year and leading it to an 11–5 record and division title. Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year Award The Associated Press National Football League Coach of the Year Award is presented annually by the Associated Press (AP) to the National Football League (NFL) coach adjudged to have had the most outstanding season. It has

Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year Award The Associated Press National Football League Coach of the Year Award is presented annually by the Associated Press (AP) to the National Football League (NFL) coach adjudged to have had the most outstanding season. It has been awarded since the 1957 season. Since 2011, the winner has been announced at the annual NFL Honors ceremony held the day before the Super Bowl. Don Shula has won the most AP NFL Coach of the Year awards, receiving four during his 33-year head coaching career: three with the Baltimore Colts and one with the

"Bobby Bowden National Collegiate Coach of the Year Award"
symbol of recognition for the college football coach who has excelled on the football field while demonstrating perseverance, attitude, integrity, and determination; attributes that Bowden has exemplified throughout his coaching career and life. The recipient is determined by voting members of the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association. The Bobby Bowden Lifetime Achievement Award was added as a companion award in 2011 with Coach Bowden being its very first recipient. The Awards are presented in March following National Signing Day and prior to the commencement of spring training. Nick Saban was the inaugural winner of the Bowden Award. Saban led the

"National Football League Coach of the Year Award"
award since 1947 and in 1949 gave its award to a non-NFL coach, Paul Brown of the All-America Football Conference's Cleveland Browns. Other NFL Coach of the Year awards are presented by ""Pro Football Weekly""/Pro Football Writers of America and the Maxwell Football Club. The United Press International (UPI) NFL Coach of the Year award was first presented in 1955. From 1960 to 1969, before the AFL–NFL merger, an award was also given to the most outstanding coach from the AFL. When the leagues merged in 1970, separate awards were given to the best coaches from the American Football Conference

(AFC) and National Football Conference (NFC). The UPI discontinued the awards after 1996. Created in 1989 and presented by the Maxwell Football Club, the award is officially titled the Earle ""Greasy"" Neale Award for ""Professional Coach of the Year"". This award is officially called the Paul Brown Trophy. National Football League Coach of the Year Award The National Football League Coach of the Year Award is presented annually by various news and sports organizations to the National Football League (NFL) head coach who has done the most outstanding job of working with the talent he has at his disposal. Currently,

"Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award"
Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award The Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award is given annually to the collegiate American football head coach adjudged by a group of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) head coaches and sports information directors under the auspices of the Walter Camp Football Foundation as the ""Coach of the Year""; the award is named for Walter Camp, a progenitor of the sport. The foundation also honors a Walter Camp Man of the Year for service. The award has been presented yearly since 1967 during the Walter Camp Football

"Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year"
Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year The ""Sporting News"" College Football Coach of the Year Award is an award that is given annually to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. ""The Sporting News"" (now known as ""Sporting News"") established the award beginning in 1963. In the long history of this award, only four coaches have won it twice: Darrell Royal with Texas in 1963 and 1969, Lou Holtz in 1977 with Arkansas and 1988 with Notre Dame, Dennis Erickson in 1992 with Miami and 2000 with Oregon State, and Gary Patterson in 2009 and 2014 with

Foundation's annual awards weekend, held on the campus of Yale University. Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award The Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award is given annually to the collegiate American football head coach adjudged by a group of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) head coaches and sports information directors under the auspices of the Walter Camp Football Foundation as the ""Coach of the Year""; the award is named for Walter Camp, a progenitor of the sport. The foundation also honors a Walter Camp Man of the Year for service. The award

National Football League Coach of the Year Award The National Football League Coach of the Year Award is presented annually by various news and sports organizations to the National Football League (NFL) head coach who has done the most outstanding job of working with the talent he has at his disposal. Currently, the most widely recognized award is presented by the Associated Press (AP), although in the past several awards received press recognition. First presented in 1957, the AP award did not include American Football League (AFL) teams. ""The Sporting News"" has given a pro football coach of the year

"Walter Camp Award"
Walter Camp Award The Walter Camp Player of the Year Award is given annually to the collegiate American football player of the year, as decided by a group of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I FBS head coaches and sports information directors under the auspices of the Walter Camp Football Foundation; the award is named for Walter Camp, an important and influential figure in the development of the sport. Three players have won the award twice: Colt McCoy of the University of Texas in 2008 and 2009, Archie Griffin of Ohio State in 1974 and 1975, and O. J.

"Conan the Destroyer"
named. Sven-Ole Thorsen, who played Thorgrim in the first film, also returned, but this time he had to partially cover his face with a mask, as he was playing a different (yet more bearded) character. Singer Grace Jones performed the female warrior Zula, the last of her tribe. This was the first major role for seven-foot, one-inch-tall basketball player Wilt Chamberlain and the debut of Olivia d'Abo, who played the petulant teenaged princess. David L. Lander was originally cast to play the foolish thief Malak, but due to his deteriorating health from the onset of multiple sclerosis, he was forced

Conan the Destroyer Conan the Destroyer is a 1984 American sword and sorcery/adventure film directed by Richard Fleischer, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Mako Iwamatsu reprising their roles as Conan and Akiro the wizard, respectively. The cast also includes Grace Jones, Wilt Chamberlain, Tracey Walter, and Olivia d'Abo. It is the sequel to ""Conan the Barbarian"". The film grossed $31 million in the US. Conan (Schwarzenegger) and his companion, the thief Malak (Walter), are confronted by Queen Taramis (Sarah Douglas) of Shadizar. She tests their combat ability with several of her guards. Satisfied, she tells Conan that she has a quest

metal music group Prowler changed its name to Taramis after the character from this film. Conan the Destroyer Conan the Destroyer is a 1984 American sword and sorcery/adventure film directed by Richard Fleischer, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Mako Iwamatsu reprising their roles as Conan and Akiro the wizard, respectively. The cast also includes Grace Jones, Wilt Chamberlain, Tracey Walter, and Olivia d'Abo. It is the sequel to ""Conan the Barbarian"". The film grossed $31 million in the US. Conan (Schwarzenegger) and his companion, the thief Malak (Walter), are confronted by Queen Taramis (Sarah Douglas) of Shadizar. She tests their combat

for him. He refuses her, but when she promises to resurrect his lost love, Valeria, Conan agrees to the quest. He is to escort the Queen's niece, Jehnna (Olivia d'Abo), a virgin, who is destined to restore the jeweled horn of the dreaming god Dagoth; a magic gem must first be retrieved that will locate the horn. Conan and Malak are joined by Bombaata (Chamberlain), the captain of Taramis's guard. Bombaata has secret orders to kill Conan once the gem is obtained. The gem is secured in the fortress of a powerful wizard, so Conan seeks the help of his

friend, Akiro (Mako), the Wizard of the Mounds. Akiro has been captured by a tribe of cannibals, and must first be rescued. The adventurers encounter Zula (Grace Jones), a powerful bandit warrior being tortured by vengeful villagers. Freeing Zula at Jehnna's request, Conan accepts the indebted warrior's offer to join their quest. The adventurers travel to the castle of Thoth-Amon (Pat Roach), where the gem is located. As they camp for the night, the wizard takes the form of a giant bird and kidnaps Jehnna. The others wake in time to see the bird enter the castle. Sneaking in through

African Queen"" (1951), King Vidor's ""War and Peace"" (1956), and """" (1985). However, he is best known for his extraordinary Technicolor photography on three films directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger in the 1940s — ""A Matter of Life and Death"" (1946), ""Black Narcissus"" (1947, for which Cardiff won an Oscar), and ""The Red Shoes"" (1948). Shooting took place in Mexico from November 1, 1983, to February 10, 1984. In the film, a camel is knocked to the ground, and after struggling to get back up, its hind legs are drawn forward with wires so that it is forced

"Sarah Douglas (actress)"
of the Saint"", and appeared in the films ""The People That Time Forgot"" (for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award), and the controversial and rarely seen film ""The Brute"" (1977), in which she played an abused wife. Douglas' first major role was that of Ursa in ""Superman"" (1978) and ""Superman II"" (1980), having beaten 600 actresses to the part. In 1984, she played another fantasy villainess in ""Conan the Destroyer"" as the evil Queen Taramis. Douglas also continued to appear on television, and was a series regular in the short-lived British sitcom ""Thundercloud"" in 1979. Throughout the 1980s,

to sit down before falling to the ground. This sequence is cut from the U.K. version, although a later scene in which Conan apologizes to the camel is left in. Also cut is a double horse-fall in the opening battle. To secure a PG rating, Sarah Douglas said several scenes involving her character were cut, including a sex scene with Schwarzenegger, slapping Chamberlain, a virgin sacrifice, and the seduction of a statue. The musical score of ""Conan The Destroyer"" was composed, conducted, and produced by Basil Poledouris, and it was performed by the orchestra Unione Musicisti Di Roma. ""Conan the

1987 release with the title ""Conan the Conqueror"". The director was to have been either Guy Hamilton or John Guillermin. Arnold Schwarzenegger was committed to the film ""Predator"", and De Laurentiis's contract with the star had expired after his obligation to ""Red Sonja"" and ""Raw Deal"", and he was not keen to negotiate a new one. The third ""Conan"" film fell into development hell, the script eventually being turned into ""Kull the Conqueror"". Kim Wayans' spoof portrayals of Grace Jones on the show ""In Living Color"" are based on Grace's performance of Zula in this film. In 1985, Australian heavy

Destroyer"" grossed $31 million in the U.S. Schwarzenegger, Fleischer, and De Laurentiis subsequently teamed up again to make ""Red Sonja"" a year later. The film was nominated for two Razzie Awards, including Worst Supporting Actress and won Worst New Star for D'Abo. Roger Ebert rated the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote that ""Conan the Destroyer"" is ""sillier, funnier, and more entertaining"" than the first film. In praising the film's use of character actors, Ebert singled out Jones, who he said brings rock star charisma to her role. ""Variety"" called it ""the ideal sword and sorcery picture"" and

"Black Death in England"
the plague returned to England, this time causing the death of around 20 percent of the population. After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, in local or national outbreaks. From this point on its effect became less severe, and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665–66. It is impossible to establish with any certainty the exact number of inhabitants in England at the eve of the Black Death, and estimates range from 3 to 7 million. The number is probably in the

"Black Death"
alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628–31."" In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of pre-incident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a post-incident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–1362, 1369, 1379–1383, 1389–1393, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as

bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic (a type of ""blood poisoning"") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body) forms of the plague, which lengthen the duration of outbreaks throughout the seasons and help account for its high mortality rate and additional recorded symptoms. In 2014, Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed in the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as of wills registered in London during the period, which

that point outbreaks became fewer and more manageable, due largely to conscious efforts by central and local governments from the late 15th century onward to curtail the disease. By the 17th century the Second Pandemic was over. One of its last occurrences in England was the famous Great Plague of London in 1665–66. Black Death in England The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by ""Yersinia pestis"" bacteria. The term ""Black Death"" was not used until the late 17th century.

Black Death in England The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by ""Yersinia pestis"" bacteria. The term ""Black Death"" was not used until the late 17th century. Originating in China, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats, as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent. Rats were the reservoir hosts of the ""Y.

to recover, since it disproportionately affected infants and young men. This was also the case with the next occurrence, in 1369, where the death rate was around 10−15 percent. Over the following decades the plague would return on a national or a regional level at intervals of five to 12 years, with gradually dwindling death tolls. Then, in the decades from 1430 to 1480, the disease returned in force. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15 percent of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20 percent. From

that were seen elsewhere in Europe. The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years' War. In the long term, the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour, with subsequent rise in wages, resisted by the landowners, which caused deep resentment among the lower classes. The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment, and even though the rebellion was suppressed, in the long term serfdom was ended in England. The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts, and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular. In 1361–62

and spreads less rapidly. The Black Death in England had survived the winter of 1348–49, but during the following winter it gave in, and by December 1349 conditions were returning to relative normalcy. It had taken the disease approximately 500 days to traverse the entire country. Various methods were used including sweating, bloodletting, forced vomiting, and urinating to treat patients infected with the plague. Several symptoms of the illness included blotches, hardening of the glands under the groin and underarms, and dementia. Within the initial phase of the disease, bloodletting was performed on the same side of where the physical

"Capital punishment in the United Kingdom"
will not progress any further. The following parties support the reintroduction of capital punishment: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, prior to :capital punishment being abolished for murder (in 1965 in Great Britain and in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. In 2004 the 13th

110,000–120,000 inhabitants in 1338 down to 50,000 in 1351. At least 60% of the population of Hamburg and Bremen perished, and a similar percentage of Londoners may have died from the disease as well. In London approximately 62,000 people died between 1346 and 1353. While contemporary reports account of mass burial pits being created in response to the large numbers of dead, recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London found well-preserved individuals to be buried in isolated, evenly spaced graves, suggesting at least some pre-planning and Christian burials at this time. Before 1350, there were about 170,000

"Paul (film)"
erratically and then crashing. They stop to investigate and offer assistance to the driver, who turns out to be an alien named Paul. Clive faints, but Graeme agrees to assist Paul and gives him a ride. Later, Special Agent Zoil of the FBI arrives at the car-crash site and informs his unseen female superior, ""the Big Guy"", that he is closing in on Paul. She sends two inept rookies, Haggard and O'Reilly, to assist Zoil. Clive wakes up in the RV, he then tries to strangle Paul until Graeme calms him down. Paul tells them that the government spoon fed

"The Furious and the Fast"
continue their torture of her. Emma tells them that she would like to spend some time with her mother. Reluctantly, Ryland agrees. John Ross gets a tip from Bum, J.R.'s PI, that one of the mechanics for Christopher's race car is a former convicted felon. John Ross approaches him and bribes him to sabotage the methane car so that it loses the race. John Ross mentioned to J.R. that Sue Ellen is putting the moves on his little brother Gary. Jealousy getting the better of him, J.R. sends Sue Ellen a handful of letters that they had sent to each

"Faster (2010 film)"
leaves. The last man is a traveling evangelist named Alexander Jerrod, and after his service is over and everyone has left, Driver confronts him. Jerrod knows why he is there and tells him that he has turned his life around, begging for forgiveness. Driver spares him, only to be confronted by Killer. Detective Cicero learns the true identity of the man who shot Driver. She hurries to the church; Cop is already on the scene. Killer tells Driver to pick up his gun so they can have a test of skill. Driver declines, saying he has no fight with him.

"Cars (film)"
the trailer and onto the road. McQueen wakes in the middle of traffic and speeds off the highway to find Mack, but instead ends up lost in the run-down desert town of Radiator Springs, where he inadvertently ruins the pavement of its main road by accident. After being arrested, impounded overnight and guarded by a rusty yet friendly tow truck named Mater, McQueen is ordered by the town judge Doc Hudson to leave town immediately. However, the local lawyer Sally Carrera, requests that McQueen should instead be given community service to repave the road to which Doc reluctantly agrees. McQueen

"Paul Robinson (Neighbours)"
which angers Izzy. The story ends in tragedy and loss for Paul. Katya accepts a lift from Cameron and their neighbour Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) spots Katya in the car. Max mistakes Cameron for Robert and believes Katya is in danger. In an attempt to rescue her Max knocks Cameron over and kills him. Lachman warned that it was the start of a new story in which Paul wants revenge on Max and issues him with a ""chilling threat"". In July 2010, it was revealed that Paul would be central to the serial's 6000th episode. Executive producer Susan Bower had

"Karl Kennedy"
accidentally picks up a bottle of chemical catalyst that Brad was using to make a surfboard. Karl drinks the liquid, which immediately burns his oesophagus. Karl is rushed to the hospital, but he soon recovers. Karl interviews oncologist Nick Petrides (Damien Fotiou) for a position at the hospital and becomes enamoured with him. Karl later learns Nick has been treating Paul for leukaemia and agrees to keep it a secret. After realising that he has put on weight, Karl forms a cycling club with Toadie, Kyle, Nate and Lou. He bets Susan that he can lose more weight cycling than

"John Paul Sr. (racing driver)"
the Louisiana bayous after dark. Following questioning, when one of them smelled marijuana on their clothing, Paul Sr. was apprehended on his 42-foot boat named ""Lady Royale"", where customs discovered marijuana residue and $10,000 on board. A rented truck was discovered nearby, which contained 1,565 pounds (710 kg) of marijuana. In court, all three pleaded guilty to marijuana possession charges, where each was placed on three years' probation and fined $32,500. On April 19, 1983, an individual named Stephen Carson was shot in the chest, abdomen and leg in Crescent Beach, Florida. Carson had been given immunity in a drug

"Killer on the Road"
a man in the snow, Plunkett is apprehended by Wisconsin State Police Sergeant Ross Anderson, who reveals himself to be a serial killer responsible for three (later seven) brutal rape/murders of young coeds. Anderson and Plunkett become romantically involved and Anderson uses his influence to protect Plunkett as his own murders increase in number and brutality. FBI agent Thomas Dusenberg is tasked with identifying and apprehending Anderson and Plunkett. He eventually captures Anderson, who gives up Plunkett in exchange for immunity from the death penalty. After Plunkett sees his own photo on wanted posters, he reasons—using a chain of paranoid

"Fast Five"
be synchronized with the various character interactions also occurring during the scene. Razatos chose to use a series of camera cars including a crane-mounted camera atop a Porsche Cayenne, which allowed him to film from a variety of angles and heights while the vehicles were in motion, and a Subaru Impreza with a steel cage built around it that allowed for tracking shots. The Subaru's driver Allen Padelford would occasionally accidentally collide with the vault, creating a shower of sparks that inadvertently became useful footage. Padelford also developed a top-mount dual-drive system for the Chargers that allowed a stunt driver

"Fast Track: No Limits"
they all have in common will be the one thing that tears them apart. The film starts with bank giving Katie, owner of Carl's Garage warning about the debt on her garage. They then order pizza for lunch which is to be delivered by Mike, a pizza delivery guy. On his way to delivery his way is blocked by Nicole's broken down car and then by a police chase between Eric, a police officer and Wolf, the bank robber's wheel man making him run out of time for delivering pizzas on. On the road, Katie's Subaru is driven by a

"John Donne"
music as well. One is the version of the song ""Go and Catch a Falling Star"" on John Renbourn's debut album ""John Renbourn"" (1966), in which the last line is altered to ""False, ere I count one, two, three"". On their 1992 album ""Duality"", the English Neoclassical Dark Wave band In The Nursery used the entirety of Donne's ""A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning"" for the track ""Mecciano"" and an augmented version of ""A Fever"" for the track ""Corruption."" Prose texts by Donne have also been set to music. In 1954, Priaulx Rainier set some in her ""Cycle for Declamation"" for solo

"Waiting for a Star to Fall"
Waiting for a Star to Fall ""Waiting for a Star to Fall"" is a song released by the pop duo Boy Meets Girl in 1988. It was a worldwide hit and became their signature song. Since its release, it has been remixed and covered by many artists, including Cabin Crew and Sunset Strippers. The song was inspired by an actual falling star that Shannon Rubicam had seen at one of Whitney Houston's concerts at the Greek Theatre. Initially, the duo did not consider recording it, and instead submitted the song to Clive Davis hoping he would decide to use it

"Boy Meets Girl (band)"
to Fall."" With this selection, after years of writing and composing songs for other artists, the duo earned mainstream success in their own right. In the United States, ""Waiting for a Star to Fall"" peaked at number 5 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and at number 1 on the ""Billboard"" Adult Contemporary chart. The song reached number 9 in the UK and was also a top ten Australian hit in April 1989. It was featured in the 1990 movie ""Three Men and a Little Lady"". Reportedly, the song was inspired by an actual falling star that Merrill and Rubicam had

it on a beach and inside a house. Also featured are scenes of a group of children playing with bubbles, including the couple's young daughter Hilary. The song has been remixed several times, resulting each time in new interest in both the original and the Boy Meets Girl duo. The musical group Cabin Crew originally remixed the song as ""Star to Fall"" (or ""Star2Fall""), but were refused use of sample of the original lyrics by SonyBMG. Liking what Cabin Crew had done, however, George Merrill agreed to re-record the vocals for their version. Cabin Crew's version made number four on

the song themselves for their second album ""Reel Life."" Released as a single on June 10, 1988, it became a hit in the United States, slowly climbing the charts and eventually reaching number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart and number five on the Billboard Hot 100. Released in the United Kingdom on November 30, 1988, the song reached number nine on the UK charts during January 1989, having entered the chart in December 1988. It also reached number 35 on Australia's ARIA Charts in April 1989. The song was used as the closing track to the 1990 movie

"Star singers"
widespread support of the custom. In Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria the Epiphany singing is performed at or close to Epiphany (January 6) and has developed into a nationwide custom, where the children of both sexes call on every door and are given sweets and money for charity projects - mostly in aid of poorer children in other countries. A tradition in most of Central Europe involves writing a blessing above the main door of the home. For instance if the year is 2014, it would be ""20 * C + M + B + 14"". The initials refer

"When You Wish Upon a Star"
blå"", roughly translated: ""Do you see the star in the blue"", and the Danish title is ""Når du ser et stjerneskud"", which translates as ""When you see a shooting star"". In Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway the song is played on television every Christmas Eve in the traditional Disney one-hour Christmas cabaret ""From All of Us to All of You"", and the gathering of the entire family to watch this is considered a Scandinavian tradition. The Library Of Congress deemed the song ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" and preserved it into the National Recording Registry in 2009. Brian Wilson has

"When the Stars Go Blue"
track for their debut performance on television in Ireland. Both live and studio version is available on YouTube. The recorded studio version was included the band's debut album ""Wonderland"" released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 6 June 2011. It was also featured in ""One Tree Hill"" as a hit song by fictional characters Haley James Scott and Chris Keller (real life singers Bethany Joy Lenz and Tyler Hilton) and features on the ""One Tree Hill"" Soundtrack. Performed by Blake Lewis on American Idol Season 6, originally airing on April 17, 2007. In an interview on that episode of American

Star singers Star singers also known as Epiphany singers, or Star boys' singing procession (England), are children and young people walking from house to house with a star on a rod and often wearing crowns and dressed in clothes to resemble the Three Magi (variously also known as Three Kings or Three Wise Man). The singing processions have their roots in an old medieval ecclesiastical play, centred on the Biblical Magi of the Christmas story in the Gospel of Matthew (Mt 2,1-28), appropriate to Epiphany. It is observed usually during the period between 27 December and 6 January (the feast

Christmas
are often reenacted outdoors in the streets. The earliest extant specifically Christmas hymns appear in fourth-century Rome. Latin hymns such as ""Veni redemptor gentium"", written by Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan, were austere statements of the theological doctrine of the Incarnation in opposition to Arianism. ""Corde natus ex Parentis"" (""Of the Father's love begotten"") by the Spanish poet Prudentius (d. 413) is still sung in some churches today. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Christmas ""Sequence"" or ""Prose"" was introduced in North European monasteries, developing under Bernard of Clairvaux into a sequence of rhymed stanzas. In the 12th century the

Christmas
neo-Gothic churches, and the revival and increasing centrality of the keeping of Christmas itself as a Christian festival"" as well as ""special charities for the poor"" in addition to ""special services and musical events"". Charles Dickens and other writers helped in this revival of the holiday by ""changing consciousness of Christmas and the way in which it was celebrated"" as they emphasized family, religion, gift-giving, and social reconciliation as opposed to the historic revelry common in some places. As Christmas was unknown to the early Christian writers, it must have been introduced sometime after 300. Irenaeus and Tertullian omit it

Christmas
in pre-Christian festivals that were celebrated around the winter solstice by pagan populations who were later converted to Christianity. The prevailing atmosphere of Christmas has also continually evolved since the holiday's inception, ranging from a sometimes raucous, drunken, carnival-like state in the Middle Ages, to a tamer family-oriented and children-centered theme introduced in a 19th-century transformation. In fact, the celebration of Christmas was banned on more than one occasion within certain groups, such as the Puritans and Jehovah's Witnesses (who do not celebrate birthdays in general), due to concerns that it was too unbiblical. Prior to and through the early

Christmas
of Christmas, much copied in North America."" Among the congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church, Christmas was celebrated as one of the principal evangelical feasts. However, in 17th century England, some groups such as the Puritans, strongly condemned the celebration of Christmas, considering it a Catholic invention and the ""trappings of popery"" or the ""rags of the Beast"". In contrast, the established Anglican Church ""pressed for a more elaborate observance of feasts, penitential seasons, and saints' days. The calendar reform became a major point of tension between the Anglican party and the Puritan party."" The Catholic Church also responded, promoting

"Christmas carol"
Christmas carol A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning ""Christmas"") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, and which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music. The first known Christmas hymns may be traced to 4th-century Rome. Latin hymns such as ""Veni redemptor gentium"", written by Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan, were austere statements of the theological doctrine of the Incarnation in opposition to Arianism. ""Corde natus ex Parentis""

Christmas
Christian centuries, winter festivals—especially those centered on the winter solstice—were the most popular of the year in many European pagan cultures. Reasons included the fact that less agricultural work needed to be done during the winter, as well as an expectation of better weather as spring approached. Celtic winter herbs such as mistletoe and ivy, and the custom of kissing someone of the opposite sex when under a mistletoe, are common in modern Christmas celebrations in the English-speaking countries. The pre-Christian Germanic peoples—including the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse—celebrated a winter festival called Yule, held in the late December to early

Christmas
during the Reformation in 16th–17th-century Europe that many Protestants changed the gift bringer to the Christ Child or ""Christkindl"", and the date of giving gifts changed from December 6 to Christmas Eve. Following the Protestant Reformation, many of the new denominations, including the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, continued to celebrate Christmas. In 1629, the Anglican poet John Milton penned ""On the Morning of Christ's Nativity"", a poem that has since been read by many during Christmastide. Donald Heinz, a professor at California State University, states that Martin Luther ""inaugurated a period in which Germany would produce a unique culture

"Qutb Minar"
of the Qutub Minar's first storey around 1192. In 1220, Aibak's successor and son-in-law Shamsuddin Iltutmish completed a further three storeys. In 1369, a lightning strike destroyed the top storey. Firoz Shah Tughlaq replaced the damaged storey, and added one more. Sher Shah Suri also added an entrance to this tower while he was ruling and Humayun was in exile. The Minar is surrounded by several historically significant monuments of the Qutab complex, including Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque was built at the same time as the Minar, and the much older Iron Pillar of Delhi. The nearby pillared Cupola known as ""Smith's

Folly"" is a remnant of the tower's 19th century restoration, which included an ill-advised attempt to add some more stories. Qutab Minar was established along with Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque around 1192 by Qutab-ud-din Aibak, first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. The mosque complex is one of the earliest that survives in the Indian subcontinent. The minaret is named after Qutab-ud-din Aibak, or Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a Sufi saint. Its ground storey was built over the ruins of the Lal Kot, the citadel of Dhillika. Aibak's successor Iltutmish added three more storeys. The minar's topmost storey was damaged by lightning in 1369

"Qutb Minar complex"
can be seen among the Islamic architectural structures. To the west of the Quwwat ul-Islam mosque is the tomb of Iltutmish which was built by the monarch in 1235. The iron pillar is one of the world's foremost metallurgical curiosities. The pillar, 7.21-metre high and weighing more than six tonnes, was originally erected by Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–414 AD) in front of a Vishnu Temple complex at Udayagiri around 402 AD, and later shifted by Anangpal in the 10th century CE from Udaygiri to its present location. Anangpal built a Vishnu Temple here and wanted this pillar to be a

of the Tomaras and Prithviraj Chauhan, and leaving certain parts of the temple outside the mosque proper. Historical records compiled by Muslim historian Maulana Hakim Saiyid Abdul Hai attest to the iconoclasm of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. This pattern of iconoclasm was common during his reign. Some medieval Muslim historians and travellers often ascribed the construction of the complex to Mamluk Sultan Iltutmish, rather than to Qutb ud-Din Aibak as is commonly accepted. Ibn Batuta also states that near the eastern gate of the mosque were two very big idols of copper connected together by stones. Every one who left the mosque

a Victory Tower, to celebrate the victory of Muhammad Ghori over the Rajput king, Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1192 AD, by his then viceroy, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, later the first Sultan of Mamluk dynasty. Its construction also marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India. Even today the Qutb remains one of the most important ""Towers of Victory"" in the Islamic world. Aibak however, could only build the first storey, for this reason the lower storey is replete with eulogies to Muhammad Ghori. The next three floors were added by his son-in-law and successor, Iltutmish. The minar was first struck by lightning

Kufic in earlier part of the construction. Inscriptions also indicate further repairs by Sultan Sikander Lodi in 1503, when it was struck by lightning once again. In 1802, the cupola on the top was thrown down and the whole pillar was damaged by an earthquake. It was repaired by Major R. Smith of the Royal Engineers who restored the Qutub Minar in 1823 replacing the cupola with a Bengali-style ""chhatri"" which was later removed by Governor General, Lord Hardinge in 1848, as it looked out of place, and now stands in the outer lawns of the complex, popularly known as

in 1368 AD, which knocked off its top storey, after that it was replaced by the existing two floors by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a later Sultan of Delhi 1351 to 1388, and faced with white marble and sandstone enhancing the distinctive variegated look of the minar, as seen in lower three storeys. Thus the structure displays a marked variation in architectural styles from Aibak to that of Tughlaq dynasty. The inside has intricate carvings of the verses from the Quran. The minar made with numerous superimposed flanged and cylindrical shafts in the interior, and fluted columns on the exterior, which

Mosque of Delhi"") was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India and the oldest surviving example of Ghurids architecture in Indian subcontinent. The construction of this Jami Masjid (Friday Mosque), started in the year 1193 AD, when Aibak was the commander of Muhammad Ghori's garrison that occupied Delhi. To leave the imprint of his religion to the new territory, Aibak decided to erect a mosque epitomising the might of Islam and chose his site, the heart of the captured Rajput citadel of

Qutb Minar complex The Qutb complex is a collection of monuments and buildings from the Delhi Sultanate at Mehrauli in Delhi in India. The Qutub Minar in the complex, named after Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who later became the first Sultan of Delhi of the Mamluk dynasty. The Minar was added upon by his successor Iltutmish (a.k.a. Altamash), and much later by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Sultan of Delhi from the Tughlaq dynasty in 1368 AD. The Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (Dome of Islam), later corrupted into Quwwat-ul Islam, stands next to the Qutb Minar. Many subsequent rulers,

"Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta"
intricate brick work indicate that it was funded by the Mughal's imperial coffers. Persian inscriptions at the mosque indicated that it was built between 1644 and 1647, during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. An eastern addition was completed in 1659, during the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb. The mosque's ""mihrab"" had initially been incorrectly aligned with Mecca. The Sufi mystic, ""Makhdum Nooh"", who is buried in the nearby city of Hala is said to have been approached by the mosque's planners in order to correct its alignment. Popular tradition maintains that ""Makhdum Nooh"" then corrected the error overnight by

"First Lady of the United States"
bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the First Lady herself. In these cases, the position has been filled by a female relative or friend of the president, such as Jefferson's daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph, Jackson's daughter-in-law Sarah Yorke Jackson and his wife's niece Emily Donelson, Taylor's daughter Mary Elizabeth Bliss, Benjamin Harrison's daughter Mary Harrison McKee, Buchanan's niece Harriet Lane, and Cleveland's sister Rose Cleveland. The position of the First Lady is not an elected one and carries only ceremonial duties. Nonetheless, first ladies have held a highly visible

and provided elite women with opportunities to play backstage political roles. Both Martha Washington and Abigail Adams were treated as if they were ""ladies"" of the British royal court. Dolley Madison popularized the First Ladyship by engaging in efforts to assist orphans and women, by dressing in elegant fashions and attracting newspaper coverage, and by risking her life to save iconic treasures during the War of 1812. Madison set the standard for the ladyship and her actions were the model for nearly every First Lady until Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s. She traveled widely and spoke to many groups, often

position in American society. The role of the First Lady has evolved over the centuries. She is, first and foremost, the hostess of the White House. She organizes and attends official ceremonies and functions of state either along with, or in place of, the president. Lisa Burns identifies four successive main themes of the first ladyship: as public woman (1900–1929); as political celebrity (1932–1961); as political activist (1964–1977); and as political interloper (1980–2001). Martha Washington created the role and hosted many affairs of state at the national capital (New York and Philadelphia). This socializing became known as ""the Republican Court""

"First Lady"
the Land."" Once Harriet Lane was called ""first lady"", the term was applied retrospectively to her predecessors. The title first gained nationwide recognition in 1877, when Mary C. Ames wrote an article in the New York City newspaper ""The Independent"" describing the inauguration of President Rutherford B. Hayes. She used the term to describe his wife, Lucy Webb Hayes. While historically the term has generally been used to refer to the wife of a president, there were occasions when another woman, such as the President's daughter, has filled the duties of First Lady as hostess in the White House, if

Prensa"" also called her """"primera dama"""" when writing about her activities. In the early days of the United States, there was no generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Many early first ladies expressed their own preference for how they were addressed, including the use of such titles as ""Lady"". One of the earliest uses of the term ""first lady"" was applied to Martha Washington in a profile by Mrs. C. H. Sigourney in 1838: Mrs. Sigourney, discussing how Martha Washington had not changed, even after her husband George became president, wrote that ""The first lady of the

and after breakfast, retired to her chamber for an hour for the study of the scriptures and devotion"". Dolley Madison was reportedly referred to as ""First Lady"" in 1849 at her funeral in a eulogy delivered by President Zachary Taylor; however, no written record of this eulogy exists, nor did any of the newspapers of her day refer to her by that title. Sometime after 1849, the title began being used in Washington, D.C., social circles. One of the earliest known written examples comes from November 3, 1863, diary entry of William Howard Russell, in which he referred to gossip

about ""the First Lady in the Land"", referring to Mary Todd Lincoln. The title first gained nationwide recognition in 1877, when newspaper journalist Mary C. Ames referred to Lucy Webb Hayes as ""the First Lady of the Land"" while reporting on the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes. The frequent reporting on Lucy Hayes' activities helped spread use of the title outside Washington. A popular 1911 comedic play about Dolley Madison by playwright Charles Nirdlinger, titled ""The First Lady in the Land"", popularized the title further. By the 1930s, it was in wide use. Use of the title later spread from

Bird Johnson pioneered environmental protection and beautification. Pat Nixon encouraged volunteerism and traveled extensively abroad; Betty Ford supported women's rights; Rosalynn Carter aided those with mental disabilities; Nancy Reagan founded the Just Say No drug awareness campaign; Barbara Bush promoted literacy; Hillary Clinton sought to reform the healthcare system in the U.S.; Laura Bush supported women's rights groups, and encouraged childhood literacy. Michelle Obama became identified with supporting military families and tackling childhood obesity; and Melania Trump has stated that she wants to use her position to help children, including prevention of cyberbullying and supporting children whose lives are affected

Julia Grant, Lucy Webb Hayes, Lucretia Garfield, Mary Arthur McElroy, and Rose Cleveland were all alive and the period from March 4 to June 25, 1889, when Priscilla Cooper Tyler, Julia Gardiner Tyler, Sarah Childress Polk, Harriet Lane, Julia Grant, Lucy Webb Hayes, Lucretia Garfield, Mary Arthur McElroy, Rose Cleveland, and Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston were alive. First Lady of the United States The First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the President's term in office. Although

their own preference for how they were addressed, including the use of such titles as ""Lady"", ""Mrs. President"" and ""Mrs. Presidentress""; Martha Washington was often referred to as ""Lady Washington."" One of the earliest uses of the term ""First Lady"" was applied to her in an 1838 newspaper article that appeared in the ""St. Johnsbury Caledonian"", the author, ""Mrs. Sigourney"", discussing how Martha Washington had not changed, even after her husband George became president. She wrote that ""The first lady of the nation still preserved the habits of early life. Indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn,

"Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps"
Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps is a British sitcom that ran from 26 February 2001 to 24 May 2011. First broadcast on BBC Two, it starred Ralf Little, Will Mellor, Natalie Casey, Sheridan Smith, Kathryn Drysdale, and Luke Gell. Created and written by Susan Nickson, it was set in the northwest England town of Runcorn, and originally revolved around the lives of five twenty-somethings. Little departed after the sixth series finished airing, with Smith and Drysdale leaving following the airing of the eighth series. The ninth and

following a decline in ratings and feeling the series had come to a natural end following the departures of half of the main cast members the BBC decided that the show would not return for a tenth series. Many of the places featured in ""Two Pints"" are real: Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps is a British sitcom that ran from 26 February 2001 to 24 May 2011. First broadcast on BBC Two, it starred Ralf Little, Will Mellor, Natalie Casey, Sheridan Smith, Kathryn Drysdale, and Luke Gell.

"Sandwich and a Soda"
Sandwich and a Soda ""Sandwich and a Soda"" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia, recorded for her sixth studio album ""Love Life"" (2015). Released as the album's lead single in the United States, it reached number 20 on the US ""Billboard"" Adult R&B Songs chart. ""Sandwich and a Soda"" is a ""smoky, jazz-kissed"" mid-tempo R&B song written by Tamia along with Stephen Mostyn, Autoro Whitfield, Alicia Renee Williams, Warren ""Oak"" Felder, and Andrew ""Pop"" Wansel, with production helmed by the latter two under the production company moniker Pop & Oak. Development of the song was initiated by Felder

final series had major changes with new main cast members and new writers. The core cast was augmented by various recurring characters throughout the series, portrayed by Beverley Callard, Lee Oakes, Hayley Bishop, Thomas Nelstrop, Freddie Hogan, and Georgia Henshaw. The title was inspired by the 1980 hit single ""Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps Please"" by Splodgenessabounds. On 23 July 2011, it was confirmed that the series would not be returning due to BBC Three wanting to make room for new comedies and feeling that the series had come to a natural end following the departures

in California. Sandwich and a Soda ""Sandwich and a Soda"" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia, recorded for her sixth studio album ""Love Life"" (2015). Released as the album's lead single in the United States, it reached number 20 on the US ""Billboard"" Adult R&B Songs chart. ""Sandwich and a Soda"" is a ""smoky, jazz-kissed"" mid-tempo R&B song written by Tamia along with Stephen Mostyn, Autoro Whitfield, Alicia Renee Williams, Warren ""Oak"" Felder, and Andrew ""Pop"" Wansel, with production helmed by the latter two under the production company moniker Pop & Oak. Development of the song was initiated

"A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich and You"
A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich and You ""A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich and You"" is a 1925 song written by Joseph Meyer, with lyrics by Al Dubin and Billy Rose. The title was inspired by the famous line ""A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou"" from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The song first gained popularity after it was performed (and recorded) by Gertrude Lawrence and Jack Buchanan in André Charlot's show ""Charlot's Revue"" when it came to New York in 1926. The song was Dubin's first significant success and was credited with bringing Lawrence and

of most of the main cast members. The original executive producer of the show, Geoffrey Perkins, saw writer Susan Nickson's work on Channel 4's ""Lloyd's Bank Film Challenge"", entitled ""Life's A Bitch"", which starred Sean Hughes and Kathy Burke. At just 14, Nickson was asked by Perkins (who was also Head of Comedy at the time) to come and work with the BBC after a few years; consequently, Nickson created ""Two Pints"" when she was just 18. The BBC tried to persuade the producers of the Channel 4 soap opera ""Hollyoaks"" to get Will Mellor and Natalie Casey to work

"Natalie Casey"
Natalie Casey Natalie Casey (born 15 April 1980) is an English actress, television presenter and singer. She is best known for her long-running roles playing Donna Henshaw in ""Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps"" from 2001 to 2011. Casey was born in Rawtenstall, Lancashire. At the age of three her single ""Chick Chick Chicken"" reached number 72 in the UK Singles Chart in 1984. This made her the youngest person ever to have a recording in the United Kingdom chart. At this time, she appeared on the BBC's ""Saturday Superstore"" and asked Boy George to take her

Buchanan popularity in the United States. The song was licensed for use as a recurring motif in the Preston Sturges film ""Christmas in July"" (1940). It also appeared in the Jeanne Crain film ""Margie"" (1946). Carl Stalling would frequently use this song as backing music in Warner Bros. cartoons during scenes depicting hunger, cooking, or eating. Witch Hazel sings her own version of the tune, with altered lyrics, in ""Broom-Stick Bunny"". The song was also recorded by Roger Wolfe Kahn and His Orchestra on Victor Records. A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich and You ""A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich

"Scotch and Soda (song)"
Scotch and Soda (song) ""Scotch and Soda"" is a song recorded by The Kingston Trio in 1958 and first released on the album ""The Kingston Trio""; it also appeared on the live album ""Once Upon a Time"" and on various compilations. The Kingston Trio also released the song as a single in the United States in April 1962. It was also released in 1969 as the B-Side to the single ""One Too Many Mornings"". ""Scotch and Soda"" was discovered by the Trio through the parents of the baseball player Tom Seaver, who had first heard it in a hotel piano

"Storm Abigail"
the same naming convention as that used for tropical cyclones in the United States. Where weather events result from ex-tropical storms or hurricanes, the original name allocated by the National Hurricane Center in the US will be used. Storm Abigail Cyclone Abigail (also known as Storm Abigail) was the first storm to be officially named (jointly) by the Met Office of the United Kingdom and Met Éireann of the Republic of Ireland, on 10 November 2015. It brought high winds, rain, lightning, and wintry showers across the north and northwest of Scotland. On 10 November, a Chief Meteorologist at the

"Storm Desmond"
Tyne in Northumberland and across Cumbria. Weather warnings in the United Kingdom are issued by the Met Office. Weather warnings in the Republic of Ireland are issued by Met Éireann. Storm Desmond broke the United Kingdom's 24-hour rainfall record, with 341.4 mm of rain falling in Honister Pass, Cumbria, on 5 December. The previous record was set in 2009, also in Cumbria, when 316.4 mm of rain fell in Seathwaite. The highest standard 0900 GMT - 0900 GMT rain day record however remains 279 mm at Martinstown, Dorset set on 18 July 1955, as much of the historical data is

"2007 United Kingdom floods"
the east coast also caused storm damage. RAF Fylingdales on the North Yorkshire Moors reported rainfall totals of in 24 hours, an estimated in Hull and on Emley Moor in West Yorkshire. Until 2007, the average monthly total for June for the whole UK was . On 27 June, the Met Office released an early warning of severe weather for the approaching weekend, stating that of rain could fall in some areas, raising the possibility of more flooding within the already saturated flood plains. On 20 July, another active frontal system moved across Southern England. Many places recorded a month's

"Hurricane Lili (1996)"
Isle of Wight. The remnants of Lili also dropped about of rainfall, which alleviated drought conditions. The storm killed six people in Great Britain – four were related to traffic accidents, and two fishermen were swept into the sea. Damage was estimated at $300 million (1996 USD, £150 million in 1996 pound sterlings), making it the costliest storm in the United Kingdom since the Great Storm of 1987. On October 20, the government of Cuba issued an appeal to the international community for assistance. The Red Cross provided $1.6 million to the country, and various departments of the United Nations

of the foreign affairs and development select committees, criticized both the government's preparations for the storm and its response as inadequate. By September 12, 2017, the Department for International Development had delivered more than 40 tonnes of aid into the region, including into Turks and Caicos, and 1,000 UK military troops were deployed in the region as part of relief efforts. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Theresa May, pledged an additional £25 million worth of funding as part of relief efforts in the region on September 13, 2017 and the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs,

Storm Abigail Cyclone Abigail (also known as Storm Abigail) was the first storm to be officially named (jointly) by the Met Office of the United Kingdom and Met Éireann of the Republic of Ireland, on 10 November 2015. It brought high winds, rain, lightning, and wintry showers across the north and northwest of Scotland. On 10 November, a Chief Meteorologist at the Met Office said: ""There remains some uncertainty regarding the exact extent and timing of strongest winds but current forecasts suggest that this storm could have some medium impacts such as disruption to transport and so a warning has

a very unstable airmass, frequent heavy showers, thunderstorms and cloudy conditions. This led to localised flash flooding and prevented significant drying where earlier rains had fallen. On 25 June another unseasonably low pressure (993 hPa / 29.3 inHg) depression, Cyclone Uriah, moved across England. The associated front settled over northern and eastern England and dumped more than of rain in places. The combination of high rainfall and high water levels from the earlier rainfall led to extensive flooding across many parts of England and Wales, with the Midlands, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, South, West and East Yorkshire the most affected. Gales along

"2016 United Kingdom floods"
2016 United Kingdom floods In June 2016, parts of the United Kingdom were struck by serious flash floods. Starting on 7 June, thunderstorms caused intense rainfall in many locations across the country, particularly in the north of England and in London, causing repeated flash floods in several locations on a daily basis. The flooding in the United Kingdom followed further flooding on the European mainland throughout May and June 2016, although the two events were caused by different weather systems. Approximately 90 minutes of torrential rainfall from 18:30 led to flash flooding across Southport and Birkdale in Merseyside. This resulted

"Hurricane Ophelia (2017)"
15 October, the weather warning for wind in Northern Ireland on 16 October was upgraded to an amber weather warning. The arrival of Ophelia brought Saharan dust to parts of the United Kingdom, giving the sky an orange or yellow-sepia appearance, and the sun a red or orange appearance. A strange 'burning' smell was also reported across Devon, also attributed to the dust, and smoke from forest fires in Portugal and Spain. Winds up to were observed in Orlock Head, County Down, at the height of the storm. Approximately 50,000 households lost power in Northern Ireland. Insurance claims from Northern

"Cyclone Oratia"
Cyclone Oratia Cyclone Oratia, (Tora in Norway) was an unusually deep European windstorm which affected Western Europe early in the year for a storm of this type. The storm was the fiercest to hit Britain in October since the Great Storm of 1987, with wind gusts reaching 109 mph, and gusting at up to 90 mph over much of the south of England. Its barometric pressure fell to 941 hPa, over the North Sea making it one of the deepest lows recorded in the country in October. The lowest land-based pressure observation reached 951.2 hPa at RAF Fylingdales, which is

May 10 which had been promoted by John Adams and Richard Henry Lee, calling on colonies without a ""government sufficient to the exigencies of their affairs"" to adopt new governments. The resolution passed unanimously, and was even supported by Pennsylvania's John Dickinson, the leader of the anti-independence faction in Congress, who believed that it did not apply to his colony. As was the custom, Congress appointed a committee to draft a preamble to explain the purpose of the resolution. John Adams wrote the preamble, which stated that because King George had rejected reconciliation and was hiring foreign mercenaries to use

placed his signature at the end of the document. The first published version of the Declaration was the Dunlap broadside. The only names on that version were Congress President John Hancock and Secretary Charles Thomson, and those names were printed rather than signatures. The public did not learn who had signed the engrossed copy until January 18, 1777, when the Congress ordered that an ""authenticated copy"" be sent to each of the 13 states, including the names of the signers. This copy is called the Goddard Broadside; it was the first to list all the signers except for Thomas McKean,

readings of the document took place on July 8, in Philadelphia (by John Nixon in the yard of Independence Hall), Trenton, New Jersey, and Easton, Pennsylvania; the first newspaper to publish it was the ""Pennsylvania Evening Post"" on July 6. A German translation of the Declaration was published in Philadelphia by July 9. President of Congress John Hancock sent a broadside to General George Washington, instructing him to have it proclaimed ""at the Head of the Army in the way you shall think it most proper"". Washington had the Declaration read to his troops in New York City on July

continued throughout most of his presidency, being finished in 1809. Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. The document's social and political ideals were proposed by Jefferson before the inauguration of Washington. At age 33, he was one of the youngest delegates to the Second Continental Congress beginning in 1775 at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, where a formal declaration of independence from Britain was overwhelmingly favored. Jefferson chose his words for the Declaration in June 1775, shortly after the war had begun, where the idea of independence from Britain had long since become popular

"Legends of the Fall"
""Legends of the Fall"" was first released on DVD on April 29, 1997, and once again on October 17, 2000. The film was later released on Blu-ray on February 8, 2011, with bonus content that includes two audio commentaries, deleted scenes with optional commentary and two behind-the-scenes featurettes. Legends of the Fall Legends of the Fall is a 1994 American epic historical drama film directed by Edward Zwick and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Aidan Quinn, Julia Ormond and Henry Thomas. Based on the 1979 novella of the same title by Jim Harrison, the film is about three brothers and

impossible to know."" She concluded, ""These are performances that lost too much in the editing room, smothered by music and overshadowed by a picture-postcard vision of the American West."" The film was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Cinematography (John Toll), Best Art Direction (Lilly Kilvert, Dorree Cooper), and Best Sound (Paul Massey, David E. Campbell, Chris David and Douglas Ganton), and won the category for Best Cinematography. In addition, the film was nominated for the Golden Globes for Best Picture – Drama, Best Actor – Drama (Brad Pitt), Best Director (Edward Zwick), and Best Original Score (James Horner).

Legends of the Fall Legends of the Fall is a 1994 American epic historical drama film directed by Edward Zwick and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Aidan Quinn, Julia Ormond and Henry Thomas. Based on the 1979 novella of the same title by Jim Harrison, the film is about three brothers and their father living in the wilderness and plains of Montana in the early 20th century and how their lives are affected by nature, history, war, and love. The film's time frame spans from World War I through the Prohibition era, ending with a brief scene set in 1963.

"The Fall (2006 film)"
The Fall (2006 film) The Fall is a 2006 adventure fantasy film directed and co-written by Tarsem Singh, starring Lee Pace, Catinca Untaru, and Justine Waddell. It is based on the screenplay of the 1981 Bulgarian film ""Yo Ho Ho"" by Valeri Petrov. Its costume design is by Eiko Ishioka. The film was released to theaters in 2008 and earned $3.7 million worldwide. In 1915 Los Angeles, stuntman Roy Walker (Lee Pace) is hospitalized, bedridden and possibly paralyzed after taking a jump in his first film. He meets Alexandria (Catinca Untaru), a young Romanian-born patient in the hospital who is

"The Fall (TV series)"
will star Emmanuelle Seigner and Melvil Poupaud as the leads, and supporting cast that will include: Jean-Hugues Anglade, Claire Keim, Patrick Chesnais, Bérengère Krief and Sofia Essaïdi. Filming began in Lyon on 12 September 2016. The Fall (TV series) The Fall is a British-Irish crime drama television series filmed and set in Northern Ireland. The series, starring Gillian Anderson as Detective Superintendent Stella Gibson, is created and written by Allan Cubitt and features Jamie Dornan as serial killer Paul Spector. It is produced by Artists Studio, and shown on RTÉ One in the Republic of Ireland and BBC Two in

the series as Detective Superintendent Stella Gibson. Next to join the series was Northern Irish actor Jamie Dornan as serial killer Paul Spector. Archie Panjabi, Emmett Scanlan and Karen Hassan were next to be cast, with Panjabi playing Reed Smith, Scanlan playing DC Glen Martin and Hassan playing Annie Brawley. It was later announced that Niamh McGrady, Bronagh Waugh, John Lynch, and Séainín Brennan had joined the series. In 2014, it was announced that Colin Morgan and Bronagh Taggart had joined the cast in starring roles as Tom Anderson and Gail McNally, respectively. Jonjo O'Neill later joined the main cast,

while Claire Rafferty was cast in a recurring capacity. Ian McElhinney departed the series in episode 1, whilst lead actress Archie Panjabi departed following the series’ penultimate episode. Anderson, Dornan, Lynch, Waugh, Franciosi, Kane, O'Neill, and Morgan all returned as regulars for the third series, alongside new cast members Aisling Bea, Richard Coyle, Barry Ward, Richard Clements, Ruth Bradley, Genevieve O'Reilly, Aidan McArdle, Denise Gough, Martin McCann, Conor MacNeill and Krister Henriksson. Former main cast members Niamh McGrady, Stuart Graham and Bronagh Taggart returned in guest arcs. Cubitt was inspired by guitar manufacturing companies when naming some of his characters;

"Justine Waddell"
audiences about film and film materials from the countries of the former Soviet Union. Justine Waddell Justine Waddell (born 4 November 1976) is a South African born British film and television actress. She played roles in the 2006 film ""The Fall"" and 2005 film ""Chaos"" as well as Tess in the 1998 LWT adaptation of ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"" and Estella in the 1999 BBC adaptation of ""Great Expectations"". Waddell was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. Her father, Gordon Waddell (1937–2012), was a Scottish rugby union player who captained the Scottish national team and played for the British and Irish

"Stadium Place"
Stadium Place Stadium Place, also known as the North Lot Development, is a mixed-use development project in the Pioneer Square neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, replacing a parking lot north of CenturyLink Field. The first phase of the project, located on the west side of 2nd Avenue South, was completed in 2014 and consists of The Wave, a 26-story residential high-rise building, and The Nolo, a 10-story apartment building. The second phase, on the east side, will be completed in 2017 and consist of an office building named Hawk Tower and a Embassy Suites hotel. Stadium Place consists of four buildings

"West End Stadium"
sports season. A ceremonial groundbreaking for the West End Stadium took place on December 18, 2018, attended by league commissioner Don Garber and local elected officials. Construction is scheduled to begin after demolition of Stargel Stadium is completed in January 2019. Foundation pouring is expected to begin in March, followed by structural erection in May. The opening of the stadium is tentatively scheduled for March 1, 2021. The stadium will be located along Central Parkway, which splits the West End and Over-the-Rhine neighborhoods just northwest of Downtown Cincinnati, between John and Wade streets. The area is currently served by SORTA

"Busch Stadium"
press box the ""Bob Broeg-Rick Hummel Press Box"", honoring the two local writers enshrined in Cooperstown. Ballpark Village is a multi-phase residential and entertainment complex located on the site of the former Busch Memorial Stadium across the street from the new ballpark. Despite several years of delays, groundbreaking occurred in February 2013 and the first phase was completed in time for Opening Day 2014. During a weather incident during a July 2006 game vs the Atlanta Braves, portable concession stands were knocked over, the infield rain tarp was damaged, and plastic sheets used to protect the press box were dislodged.

on two blocks along South King Street: Daniels Real Estate and R.D. Merrill have partnered to develop the almost $200 million project. As of February 2009, $20 million in a $51.5 million securities offering had been raised for the initial phase. The construction lender is Pacific Life Insurance Company. The project also used $300 million in EB-5 visa financing from foreign nationals. Construction on the first phase began with a groundbreaking ceremony held on September 27, 2011. The first phase, built by JTM Contractors, is the western block's podium topped by two residential towers. The four-story base includes apartments, retail

working alongside Jostin Construction, and will require 200 to 400 workers during the duration of construction. Machete Group will provide oversight on the project as the owner's representative. The project is scheduled to begin major construction in 2019, after the replacement for Stargel Stadium is completed at a nearby location. Stargel Stadium closed permanently on October 26, 2018, and demolition began the following month while the property was transferred from Cincinnati Public Schools to the club for $10 million. The stadium's replacement is planned to be built southwest of Taft High School and open in August 2019 for the fall

the stadium project was originally estimated to be approximately $2.66 billion upon the commencement of construction. However, internal league documents produced by the NFL in March 2018 indicated a need to raise the debt ceiling for the facility to a total of $4.963 billion, making it one of the most expensive venues ever built. Team owners were expected to vote and approve this new debt ceiling at a meeting that same month. The Los Angeles Rams have committed to moving to the stadium, as NFL approval for their relocation was obtained on January 12, 2016. The approval also gave the

"Charlotte's Web (1973 film)"
his residence in Maine, in which the author highlighted parts of the book he did not want to change, and parts that were ""subject to discussion."" In January 1972, it was reported that Henry Gibson, Debbie Reynolds, and Tony Randall had signed on to provide the voices of Wilbur, Charlotte, and Templeton. Writing in his autobiography, Barbera wrote that Reynolds had called him and said that she was willing to join the project even without being paid. Although Randall had completed all of his voicework, co-director Iwao Takamoto wrote that ""his readings just went flat, which surprised all of us.

"Charlotte's Web (2006 film)"
Charlotte's Web (2006 film) Charlotte's Web is a 2006 American live-action/computer-animated comedy-drama film based on the 1952 children's novel of the same name by E. B. White. Directed by Gary Winick and written by Susannah Grant and Karey Kirkpatrick, it is the second film adaptation of White's book following a 1973 cel-animated version produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Kevin Anderson, Beau Bridges and Louis Corbett with voices provided by Dominic Scott Kay, Julia Roberts, Steve Buscemi, John Cleese, Reba McEntire, Oprah Winfrey, Cedric the Entertainer, Kathy Bates and Thomas Haden Church. Produced by Walden Media, Jordan

Tony's delivery was a bit too sophisticated and his singing was too operatic. He did not have enough of that raunchy feeling that the character required."" Barbera felt Randall had to be replaced, and approached Paul Lynde, who was voicing characters in ""The Perils of Penelope Pitstop"" at the time, to do a reading. Lynde was officially cast in the following spring, which was followed by Agnes Moorehead, Rex Allen, Pamelyn Ferdin, and Martha Scott who had joined the cast. ""Charlotte's Web"" was originally slated to be released during the summer of 1972, but by September 1972, its release was

"The Web (TV series)"
Edmon Ryan, Alfred Ryder, Anne Seymour, Ann Shoemaker, Mary Sinclair, Edgar Stehli, Haila Stoddard, Beatrice Straight, Reba Tassell, Richard Webb, Patricia Wheel, Christine White, Perry Wilson Wesley Addy, Joseph Anthony, Joseph Barbera as Joseph Roland, Arthur Batanides, Harry Bellaver, Sidney Blackmer, Alan Coe Bunce, Norman Burton, Frank Campanella, Connie Clausen, Patricia Collinge, Russell Collins, Ben Cooper, Joan Copeland, Adrienne Corri, Jerome Cowan, James Daly, Robert Dryden, Mildred Dunnock, Stephen Elliott, Bramwell Fletcher, Constance Ford, Virginia Gilmore, John Hamilton, Russell Hardie, Dean Harens, Michael Higgins, John Hudson, Martin Kosleck, Berry Kroeger, Wesley Lau, Audra Lindley, Alexander Lockwood, Joan Lorring, Joe Maross,

2006, for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and PC. Another game based on the film was released in Europe for the PlayStation 2 by Blast Entertainment on April 5, 2007. Charlotte's Web (2006 film) Charlotte's Web is a 2006 American live-action/computer-animated comedy-drama film based on the 1952 children's novel of the same name by E. B. White. Directed by Gary Winick and written by Susannah Grant and Karey Kirkpatrick, it is the second film adaptation of White's book following a 1973 cel-animated version produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Kevin Anderson, Beau Bridges and Louis Corbett

"Henry Gibson"
his home in Malibu, California, a week before his 74th birthday. He was cremated at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. Henry Gibson Henry Gibson (born James Bateman, September 21, 1935 – September 14, 2009), was an American actor, singer, and songwriter. His best-known roles include his time as a cast member of the TV sketch-comedy series ""Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In"" from 1968 to 1971, the voice of Wilbur in the 1973 film ""Charlotte's Web"", his portrayal of diminutive country star Haven Hamilton in Robert Altman's 1975 film ""Nashville"", his role as the ""Illinois Nazi"" leader in the 1980 film

"The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)"
a dumbwaiter system behind a wall, he finds a monogrammed key and discovers the study of the late owner of the estate, Arthur Spiderwick (David Strathairn). Jared then uses the key to open a chest. In it, he finds Spiderwick's field guide to fairies; although an attached note warns him not to read it, he does so anyway. When Jared explains about his discovery on the existence of magical creatures, Helen and Mallory don't believe him. Soon after, Jared meets a brownie named Thimbletack (Martin Short), who explains that magical creatures are normally invisible, but can reveal themselves at will.

ESRB. The Spiderwick Chronicles (film) The Spiderwick Chronicles is a 2008 American fantasy adventure film based on the bestselling book series of the same name by Holly Black and Tony DiTerlizzi. It was directed by Mark Waters and stars Freddie Highmore, Sarah Bolger, Mary-Louise Parker, Martin Short, Nick Nolte, and Seth Rogen. Set in the Spiderwick Estate in New England, it follows the adventures of Jared Grace and his family as they discover a field guide to fairies while battling goblins, mole trolls, and other magical creatures. Produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it was released on

simply a painfully well-intended experiment."" Christopher Null of Filmcritic.com stated that the animation is sometimes ""downright bad"", but that White's classic fable needs little to make it come to life. ""TV Guide"" reviewed the film with generally positive remarks, stating that ""The voices of Reynolds, Lynde, Gibson, and all the rest are perfectly cast, and the songs by the Sherman brothers are solid, although none of them became hits like those they wrote for such Disney movies as MARY POPPINS."" When it was reissued on DVD it was awarded an Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gold Award. The film is recognized by

or furthered by appearing on the series: Wesley Addy, Denise Alexander, Robert Allen, Joseph Anthony, Bertha Belmore, Donald Buka, Don Briggs, Peter Capell, Richard Carlyle, Audrey Christie, Clay Clement, Nancy Coleman, Jerome Cowan, James Daly, James Darren, Diana Douglas (married to Kirk and mother to Michael), Mildred Dunnock, Robert Emhardt, Hugh Franklin, Jack Grimes, Preston Hanson, Russell Hardie, Will Hare, Jonathan Harris, Vinton Hayworth, George Ives, Conrad Janis, Edith King, Phyllis Kirk, Richard Kollmar, Charles Korvin, Berry Kroeger, Anna Lee, Audra Lindley, Lynn Loring, Gene Lyons, John Marley, Catherine McLeod, Meg Mundy, John Newland, Peter Pagan, Neva Patterson, Robert Pastene,

J. R. Smith had 15 points, all on 5-of-9 from three-point range, including a deep shot from 30 feet in the second quarter to beat the shot clock buzzer. Kevin Durant scored 35 points to lead the Warriors, but their other three superstars were held to under 20 points each as Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson, and Draymond Green managed 14, 13, and 16 points respectively. Cleveland trails the Finals, 3–1, as the series shifts back to Oakland. Game 4 was also notable for a number of testy incidents. As the teams prepared for a jump ball with 1:56 left in

have played at least a portion of their careers in the NBA and were selected irrespective of position played. The list was announced by NBA commissioner David Stern on October 29, 1996, at the hotel Grand Hyatt New York, the former site of the Commodore Hotel, where the original NBA charter was signed on June 6, 1946. The announcement marked the beginning of a season-long celebration of the league's anniversary. Forty-seven of the fifty players were later assembled in Cleveland, during the halftime ceremony of the 1997 All-Star Game. Three players were absent: Pete Maravich, who had died in 1988,

"Battle of Gettysburg"
the Potomac, under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, consisted of seven infantry corps, a cavalry corps, and an Artillery Reserve, for a combined strength of more than 100,000 men. The first major action of the campaign took place on June 9 between cavalry forces at Brandy Station, near Culpeper, Virginia. The 9,500 Confederate cavalrymen under Stuart were surprised by Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton's combined arms force of two cavalry divisions (8,000 troopers) and 3,000 infantry, but Stuart eventually repulsed the Union attack. The inconclusive battle, the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the war, proved for the first time that the Union

Baltimore, and Washington, and possibly strengthen the growing peace movement in the North. Thus, on June 3, Lee's army began to shift northward from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Following the death of Thomas J. ""Stonewall"" Jackson, Lee reorganized his two large corps into three new corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. James Longstreet (First Corps), Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell (Second), and Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill (Third); both Ewell and Hill, who had formerly reported to Jackson as division commanders, were new to this level of responsibility. The Cavalry Division remained under the command of Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The Union Army of

"Gettysburg Campaign"
Halleck planned a countermove that could take advantage of the now lightly defended Confederate capital of Richmond. He ordered the Union Department of Virginia, two corps under Maj. Gen. John A. Dix, to move on Richmond from its locations on the Virginia Peninsula (around Yorktown and Williamsburg) and near Suffolk. However, Halleck made the mistake of not explicitly ordering Dix to attack Richmond. The orders were to ""threaten Richmond, by seizing and destroying their railroad bridges over the South and North Anna Rivers, and do them all the damage possible."" Dix, a well-respected politician, was not an aggressive general, but

an artillery battery, and the 140th New York to occupy Little Round Top mere minutes before Hood's troops arrived. The defense of Little Round Top with a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine, ordered by Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain but possibly led by Lt. Holman S. Melcher, was one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War and propelled Col. Chamberlain into prominence after the war. Ewell interpreted his orders as calling only for a cannonade. His 32 guns, along with A. P. Hill's 55 guns, engaged in a two-hour artillery barrage at extreme range that had little effect.

Union about 4,450 casualties (4,000 captured) out of 7,000 engaged, while the Confederates lost only 250 of 12,500 engaged. ""Fighting Joe"" Hooker did not know Lee's intentions, and Stuart's cavalry masked the Confederate army's movements behind the Blue Ridge effectively. He initially conceived the idea of reacting to Lee's absence by seizing unprotected Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. But President Abraham Lincoln sternly reminded him that Lee's army was the true objective. His orders were to pursue and defeat Lee but to stay between Lee and Washington and Baltimore. On June 14, the Army of the Potomac departed Fredericksburg and

seized outright, although quartermasters reimbursing Northern farmers and merchants with Confederate money were not well received. Various towns, most notably York, Pennsylvania, were required to pay indemnities in lieu of supplies, under threat of destruction. During the invasion, the Confederates seized some 40 northern African Americans. A few of them were escaped fugitive slaves, but most were freemen; all were sent south into slavery under guard. On June 26, elements of Maj. Gen. Jubal Early's division of Ewell's Corps occupied the town of Gettysburg after chasing off newly raised Pennsylvania militia in a series of minor skirmishes. Early laid the

that he could. The following day, he wrote to James Seddon, Confederate Secretary of War, and attempted to persuade him to send troops currently in North Carolina to reinforce either his army or Confederate forces in the west. On June 9, Lee ordered Stuart to cross the Rappahannock and raid Union forward positions, screening the Confederate Army from observation or interference as it moved north. Anticipating this imminent offensive action, Stuart ordered his troopers into bivouac around Brandy Station. Alfred Pleasonton's combined arms force consisted of 8,000 cavalrymen and 3,000 infantry, while Stuart commanded about 9,500 Confederates. Pleasonton's attack plan

to undermine civilian morale in the North, and to encourage anti-war elements. The Union Army of the Potomac was commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and then (from June 28) by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Lee's army slipped away from Federal contact at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on June 3, 1863. The largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war was fought at Brandy Station on June 9. The Confederates crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains and moved north through the Shenandoah Valley, capturing the Union garrison at Winchester, Virginia, in the Second Battle of Winchester, June 13–15. Crossing the Potomac River, Lee's

he eventually contemplated attacking Richmond despite the vagueness of Halleck's instructions. On June 27, his men conducted a successful cavalry raid on Hanover Junction, led by Col. Samuel P. Spear, which defeated the Confederate regiment guarding the railroad junction, destroyed the bridge over the South Anna River and the quartermaster's depot, capturing supplies, wagons, and 100 prisoners including General Lee's son, Brig. Gen. W. H. F. ""Rooney"" Lee. On June 29, at a council of war, Dix and his lieutenants expressed concerns about their limited strength (about 32,000 men) and decided to limit themselves to threatening gestures. Confederate Maj. Gen.

different partisan goals, the major factors in Lee's loss arguably can be attributed to: (1) his overconfidence in the invincibility of his men; (2) the performance of his subordinates, and his management thereof; (3) his failing health, and (4) the performance of his opponent, George G. Meade, and the Army of the Potomac. Throughout the campaign, Lee was influenced by the belief that his men were invincible; most of Lee's experiences with the Army of Northern Virginia had convinced him of this, including the great victory at Chancellorsville in early May and the rout of the Union troops at Gettysburg

"History of wolves in Yellowstone"
noted wildlife biologist published his ""Fauna Series No. 4—Fauna of the National Parks of the United States-Ecology of the Coyote in the Yellowstone National Park."" In this report, Murie tallied the number of wolves killed as reported annually by park administrators between 1915 and 1935: Updated research in the 1980s verified that the last official killing of wolves in the park took place in 1926 when two pups found near Soda Butte Creek were killed by park rangers. The last reported wolf killed in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (prior to today's legal hunting or control measures) occurred in May 1943

Park Service maintained its policies of predator control in the park until 1933. However, a 1975–77 National Park Service sponsored study revealed that during the period 1927 to 1977, there were several hundred ""probable"" sightings of wolves in the park. Between 1977 and the re-introduction in 1995, there were additional reliable sightings of wolves in the park, most believed to be singles or pairs transiting the region. Prior to the National Park Service assuming control of the park in 1916, the U.S. Army killed 14 wolves during their tenure (1886–1916), most in the years 1914–15. In 1940, Adolph Murie, a

ravens, wolverines, bald eagles, golden eagles, grizzly bears, black bears, jays, magpies, martens and coyotes. Meanwhile, wolf packs often claim kills made by cougars, which has driven that species back out of valley hunting grounds to their more traditional mountainside territory. The top-down effect of the reintroduction of an apex predator like the wolf on other flora and fauna in an ecosystem is an example of a trophic cascade. Because gray wolf populations in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho had recovered sufficiently to meet the goals of the Wolf Recovery Plan, on May 4, 2008 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

History of wolves in Yellowstone When Yellowstone National Park was created in 1872, gray wolf (""Canis lupus"") populations were already in decline in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. The creation of the national park did not provide protection for wolves or other predators, and government predator control programs in the first decades of the 1900s essentially helped eliminate the gray wolf from Yellowstone. The last wolves were killed in Yellowstone in 1926. After that time, sporadic reports of wolves still occurred, but scientists confirmed that sustainable wolf populations had been extirpated and were absent from Yellowstone during the mid-1900s. Starting in

on elk during the first five years of the recovery were not detected, as elk numbers were identical to those of 1980–1994. From the winter of 1995 to the winter of 2004 however, the elk greatly decreased in number, dropping from 16,791 to 8,335 as the number of wolves on the northern range increased from 21 to 106, though predation from bears, increased human harvests, more severe winter and droughts were also factors. Since 2000, 45% of known deaths and 75% of predation-caused deaths of radio collared cow-elk have been confirmed to be attributable to wolves. Human caused deaths in

began a concerted program which eventually was called: ""Animal Damage Control"". This predator control program alone killed 1,800 wolves and 23,000 coyotes in 39 U.S. National Forests in 1907. In 1916, when the National Park Service was created, its enabling legislation included words that authorized the Secretary of the Interior to ""provide in his discretion for the destruction of such animals and of such plant life as may be detrimental to the use of said parks, monuments and reservations"". It is generally accepted that sustainable gray wolf packs had been extirpated from Yellowstone National Park by 1926, although the National

"Yellowstone National Park"
each year. In 1970, park officials changed their policy and started a vigorous program to educate the public on the dangers of close contact with bears, and to try to eliminate opportunities for bears to find food in campgrounds and trash collection areas. Although it has become more difficult to observe bears in recent years, the number of human injuries and deaths has taken a significant drop and visitors are in less danger. The eighth recorded bear-related death in the park's history occurred in August 2015. Other protected lands in the region include Caribou-Targhee, Gallatin, Custer, Shoshone and Bridger-Teton National

and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has stated that bison are the ""likely source"" of the spread of the disease in cattle in Wyoming and North Dakota. Elk also carry the disease and are believed to have transmitted the infection to horses and cattle. Bison once numbered between 30 and 60 million individuals throughout North America, and Yellowstone remains one of their last strongholds. Their populations had increased from less than 50 in the park in 1902 to 4,000 by 2003. The Yellowstone Park bison herd reached a peak in 2005 with 4,900 animals. Despite a summer estimated population of

near Hinton, Alberta, Canada. These wolves arrived in Yellowstone in two shipments—January 12, 1995 (8 wolves) and January 20, 1995 (6 wolves). They were released into three acclimation pens—Crystal Creek, Rose Creek and Soda Butte Creek in the Lamar Valley in Northeast East Yellowstone National Park. In March 1995, the pens were opened and between March 21 and March 31, 1995 all 14 wolves were loose in Yellowstone. Seventeen additional wolves captured in Canada arrived in Yellowstone in January 1996 and were released into the park in April 1996 from the Chief Joseph, Lone Star, Druid Peak and Nez Perce

scheduled for release on June 7, 2017 by Pony Canyon. The opening theme song is ""Red Swan"" by Yoshiki feat. Hyde, while the ending theme is by Linked Horizon. For the first compilation film, , the ending themes were by Hiroyuki Sawano feat. Mika Kobayashi, Mica Caldito & mpi and by Linked Horizon. For the second compilation film, , the ending themes was by Hiroyuki Sawano feat. mpi. The film's theme song was by Linked Horizon. A live-action film was announced to be in production in October 2011. In December 2012, it was reported that Tetsuya Nakashima left his position

""Garrison Girl: An Attack on Titan Novel"", a novel created by American writer Rachel Aaron was published by Quirk Books on August 7, 2018. It is centered on Rosalie Dumarque, who defies her family to join military garrison. An anime television series adaptation produced by Wit Studio (a subsidiary of IG Port) aired on MBS between April 7, 2013 and September 29, 2013, directed by Tetsurō Araki with Yūki Kaji starring as Eren, Yui Ishikawa voicing Mikasa and Marina Inoue as Armin. Both Funimation and Crunchyroll simulcast the series on their respective websites, and Funimation began releasing the series on

An anime television adaptation of the ""Attack on Titan: Junior High"" manga spin-off began airing in October 2015. The series was directed by Yoshihide Ibata at Production I.G, with series composition by Midori Gotou, character design by Yuuko Yahiro, and music by Asami Tachibana. Linked Horizon performed the opening theme ""Youth Like Fireworks"". The ending theme, ""Ground's Counterattack"" (""Hangeki no Daichi""), is performed by the voice actors for Eren, Mikasa, and Jean. A rebroadcast of the series was aired during January 2016. The second season of the anime series debuted on April 1, 2017. The season premiere was simulcast on

"Attack on Titan: Junior High"
is directed by Yoshihide Ibata and written by Midori Gotou, with animation by animation studio Production I.G. Yuuko Yahiro provides character designs for the series, and Asami Tachibana composes the show's music. Kazuhiro Arai from Studio Homare is the series' art director, and Tetsuya Takahashi serves as director of photography. Taeko Hamauzu is the anime's editor and Masafumi Mima serves as sound director. Linked Horizon performs the series' opening theme, . The ending theme, , is performed by the voice actors for Eren, Mikasa, and Jean. The cast from the 2013 anime television series will reprise their roles for ""Attack

on Titan: Junior High"". The series premiered on October 4, 2015, and aired on MBS, Tokyo MX, BS11, RKK, and SBS. The anime portion is followed by a live-action segment composed of two parts, ""Shingeki! Treasure Hunt"" and ""Sasha Tries ?? By Herself!!""; the former features the voice actors for Eren, Mikasa, Armin, and Bertholt, and the latter features the voice actress for Sasha alongside a mascot called Titan-kun. The series is licensed in North America by Funimation, and is simulcast on their website. The anime is licensed in the United Kingdom by Anime Limited. Volume one made it onto

"King Lear"
Goneril to warn Albany about the invasion, Gloucester is arrested, and Regan and Cornwall gouge out Gloucester's eyes. As he is doing so, a servant is overcome with rage by what he is witnessing and attacks Cornwall, mortally wounding him. Regan kills the servant, and tells Gloucester that Edmund betrayed him; then she turns him out to wander the heath, too. Edgar, in his madman's guise, meets his blinded father on the heath. Gloucester, sightless and failing to recognise Edgar's voice, begs him to lead him to a cliff at Dover so that he may jump to his death. Goneril

ending in which Lear and Cordelia survive, and to develop a love story between Cordelia and Edgar (two characters who never interact in Shakespeare) which ends with their marriage. Like most Restoration adapters of Shakespeare, Tate admired Shakespeare's natural genius but saw fit to augment his work with contemporary standards of art (which were largely guided by the neoclassical unities of time, place, and action). Tate's struggle to strike a balance between raw nature and refined art is apparent in his description of the tragedy: ""a heap of jewels, unstrung and unpolish't; yet so dazzling in their disorder, that I

"The History of King Lear"
to hang her, and Edgar and Albany arrive with a reprieve. Albany resigns the crown to Lear, and Lear announces that ""Cordelia shall be Queen."" Lear gives Cordelia to Edgar — ""I wrong'd Him too, but here's the fair Amends."" Lear, Kent, and Gloster will retire ""to some cool Cell."" The overjoyed Edgar declares that ""Truth and Virtue shall at last succeed."" Tate's version is about 800 lines shorter than Shakespeare's. Some of Shakespeare's original lines are left intact; some are modified slightly, or given to different speakers. In the words of Stanley Wells, Tate ""rather asked for trouble by

him. Gloucester protests against Lear's mistreatment. With Lear's retinue of a hundred knights dissolved, the only companions he has left are his Fool and Kent. Wandering on the heath after the storm, Edgar, in the guise of a madman named Tom o' Bedlam, meets Lear. Edgar babbles madly while Lear denounces his daughters. Kent leads them all to shelter. Edmund betrays Gloucester to Cornwall, Regan, and Goneril. He reveals evidence that his father knows of an impending French invasion designed to reinstate Lear to the throne; and in fact a French army has landed in Britain. Once Edmund leaves with

howling in anguish. Kent tries to tell Lear how he served him in disguise, but Lear is unable to comprehend this, and has thoughts only for his dead daughter — ""I might have saved her; now she's gone for ever."" His heart breaks and he dies. Albany says that Kent and Edgar will rule in the Kingdom, but Kent hints at his own approaching death. Tate's version omits the King of France, and adds a romance between Cordelia and Edgar, who never address each other in Shakespeare's original. Cordelia explains in an aside that her motive for remaining silent when

the complete Shakespeare text in 1845. In Shakespeare's version, Lear, King of Britain, is growing old, and decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters – Goneril, wife of the Duke of Albany, Regan, wife of the Duke of Cornwall, and the youngest daughter, Cordelia, sought in marriage by the Duke of Burgundy and the King of France. The King decides that he will give the best part of the kingdom to the daughter who loves him most, and asks his three daughters to state how much they love him. Goneril and Regan make hypocritical, flattering speeches, and are

orders, Lear enters bearing Cordelia's corpse in his arms, having survived by killing the executioner. Kent appears and Lear now recognises him. Albany urges Lear to resume his throne, but as with Gloucester, the trials Lear has been through, including the hanging of his fool, have finally overwhelmed him, and he dies. Albany then asks Kent and Edgar to take charge of the throne. Kent declines, explaining that his master is calling him on a journey and he must follow. Finally, Albany (in the Quarto version) or Edgar (in the Folio version) implies that he will now become king. Shakespeare's

soon perceiv'd I had seiz'd a treasure."" Other changes included giving Cordelia a ""confidante"" named Arante, bringing the play closer to contemporary notions of poetic justice, and adding titilating material such as amorous encounters between Edmund and both Regan and Goneril, a scene in which Edgar rescues Cordelia from Edmund's attempted kidnap and rape, and a scene in which Cordelia wears men's pants that would reveal the actress's ankles. The play ends with a celebration of ""the King's blest Restauration"", an obvious reference to Charles II. In the early 18th century, some writers began to express objections to this (and

""King Lear"", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Folger Shakespeare Library's ""Folger Digital Editions"" texts edited by Barbara Mowat, Paul Werstine, Michael Poston, and Rebecca Niles. Under their referencing system, 1.1.246–248 means act 1, scene 1, lines 246 through 248. King Lear King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It depicts the gradual descent into madness of the title character, after he disposes of his kingdom by giving bequests to two of his three daughters egged on by their continual flattery, bringing tragic consequences for all. Derived from the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman

hundred knights, to be supported by his daughters. Goneril and Regan speak privately, revealing that their declarations of love were fake, and that they view Lear as a foolish old man. Gloucester's bastard son Edmund resents his illegitimate status, and plots to dispose of his legitimate older brother Edgar. He tricks his father with a forged letter, making him think that Edgar plans to usurp the estate. Kent returns from exile in disguise (calling himself Caius), and Lear hires him as a servant. At Albany and Goneril's house, Lear and Kent quarrel with Oswald, Goneril's steward. Lear discovers that now

"Sea Bright Skiff"
(rowing configuration only). A short video on the skiff can be found here. Sea Bright Skiff The Sea Bright Skiff is a box-skegged skiff. It was developed on the northern shore of New Jersey to be used for fishing, by being launched through the surf, sailed to the fishing grounds, and returned through the surf. The boat is quite different from the Jersey Skiff being more round-sided, with less freeboard, and the distinct ""box skeg"" that proved particularly useful when engines were adopted. The boat has a nearly straight stem, rounded sides, a narrow flat bottom that becomes the bottom

Sea Bright Skiff The Sea Bright Skiff is a box-skegged skiff. It was developed on the northern shore of New Jersey to be used for fishing, by being launched through the surf, sailed to the fishing grounds, and returned through the surf. The boat is quite different from the Jersey Skiff being more round-sided, with less freeboard, and the distinct ""box skeg"" that proved particularly useful when engines were adopted. The boat has a nearly straight stem, rounded sides, a narrow flat bottom that becomes the bottom of the skeg, and a heart shaped transom. The boat was usually rigged

"Fishing trawler"
have the trawl deployed over the side with the trawl warps passing through blocks suspended from a forward gallow and another aft gallow. Usually the superstructure is towards the stern, the fish hold amidships, and the transversal trawl winch forward of the superstructure. A derrick may be a boom rigged to the foremast to help shoot the codend from the side. Until the late sixties, side trawlers were the most common deep sea boat used in North Atlantic fisheries. The 1950s side trawler, ""Ross Tiger"" is preserved in Grimsby. These trawlers were used for a longer period than other kinds

geographical origin. The classification used below follows the FAO, who classify trawlers by the gear they use. Outrigger trawlers use outriggers, or booms, to tow the trawl. These outriggers are usually fastened to, or at the foot of the mast and extend out over the sides of the vessel during fishing operations. Each side can deploy a twin trawl or a single otter trawl. Outrigger trawlers may have the superstructure forward or aft. Warp winches with capstans are installed on the deck to haul the catch. Outrigger trawlers use vertical fish finders of different kinds, according to their size. Drawing

"Common remora"
in aquaria. Remoras have been used in fishing. Humans may attach fishing line to the remora and wait for it to cling to a larger fish. Other common names for this familiar fish include suck fish, stout sucking fish, common sucker, shark-sucker, brown sucker, and shark pilot. Common remora The common remora (""Remora remora"") is a pelagic marine fish belonging to family Echeneidae. The dorsal fin, which has 22 to 26 soft rays, acts as a suction cup, creating a vacuum to allow it to attach to larger marine animals, such as whales, dolphins, sharks, and sea turtles. The common

"Go-fast boat"
designed for offshore powerboat racing, particularly by designer and builder Donald Aronow. During this period, these boats were used by drug smugglers to transfer drugs across the Caribbean to the United States. A typical go-fast is laid-up using a combination of fiberglass, kevlar and carbon fiber, using a deep ""V"" style offshore racing hull ranging from 20 to 50 feet (6 to 15 m) long, narrow in beam, and equipped with two or more powerful engines, often with more than 1000 combined horsepower. The boats can typically travel at speeds over 80 knots (150 km/h, 90 mph) in calm waters,

"Pacific halibut"
or snapped onto the ground line. A “set” consists of one or more baited skates tied together and laid on the ocean bottom with anchors at each end. Each end has a float line with a buoy attached. Hooks are typically baited with frozen herring, octopus, or other fresh fish. Depending on the fishing ground, depth, time of year, and bait used, a set is pulled two to 20 hours after being fished. Longlines are normally pulled off the ocean floor by a hydraulic puller of some type. The halibut are cleaned soon after being boated and are kept on

"Longline fishing"
thousands of baited hooks can hang from a single line. Longliners – fishing vessels rigged for longlining – commonly target swordfish, tuna, halibut, sablefish and many other species. In some unstable fisheries, such as the Patagonian toothfish, fishermen may be limited to as few as 25 hooks per line. In contrast, commercial longliners in certain robust fisheries of the Bering Sea and North Pacific generally run over 2,500 hand-baited hooks on a single series of connected lines many miles in length. Longlines can be set to hang near the surface (pelagic longline) to catch fish such as tuna and swordfish

the stern. In 1947, the company Christian Salvesen, based in Leith, Scotland, refitted a surplus ""Algerine""-class minesweeper (HMS ""Felicity"") with refrigeration equipment and a factory ship stern ramp, to produce the first combined freezer/stern trawler in 1947. The first purpose built stern trawler was ""Fairtry"" built in 1953 at Aberdeen. The ship was much larger than any other trawlers then in operation and inaugurated the era of the 'super trawler'. As the ship pulled its nets over the stern, it could lift out a much greater haul of up to 60 tons. ""Lord Nelson"" followed in 1961, installed with vertical

"Inflatable Rescue Boat"
coloured a shade of red termed 'Rescue Red' although a particular make of craft manufactured by Arancia come in a shade of orange. They have a rigid floor piece and a rigid transom for fitting an outboard motor (usually 25 hp). This motor is capable of providing a maximum drive speed of between 25-30 knots on flat water. 2-Stroke fuel is stored in a flexible fuel bladder and is secured by 4 clips to the floor in the bow. An IRB is crewed by two people - an IRB Operator/Driver and an IRB Crewman. The Operator sits on the lower

Morgan Woodward as Sheriff Abel Rose. Gunsmoke: To the Last Man Gunsmoke: To the Last Man is a 1992 American made-for-television western film starring James Arness as retired Marshal Matt Dillon and featuring Pat Hingle. Hapless rustlers make the fatal mistake of stealing Matt Dillon's cattle and Dillon blunders into the gory Pleasant Valley War during the process of hunting them down and killing two of them. The film, set in the 1880s, was directed by Jerry Jameson and based upon the long-running American television series ""Gunsmoke"" (1955 to 1975). The supporting cast features Matt Mulhern as Will McCall, Joseph

"The Old Man & the Gun"
the cast of the film. In April 2017, Keith Carradine joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in Dayton, Ohio on April 3, 2017. The film was shot on Super 16 mm. In March 2017, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2018. The film was scheduled to be released October 5, 2018, but was pushed up to September 28, 2018. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds

"The Last Frontier (miniseries)"
at the site of the explosion holding a stick of dynamite and Kate files charges against him. At the trial Ed collapses and it becomes apparent that he is dying. Ed and Nick reconcile and Nick soon realizes that it was Meg who blew up the bore. Nick’s reconciliation with Ed causes a break with Kate. Kate eventually realizes that Meg was responsible for the bore and Kate confronts Meg. Nick and Kate reconcile. The miniseries was filmed on location the outback of the Northern Territory, and South Australia except for the Los Angeles scenes which were filmed in that

"Top Gun"
singing ""Great Balls of Fire"" while seated at the piano. The final scene, where ""You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"" can be heard on the restaurant's jukebox, was also filmed at the restaurant. Both scenes were filmed consecutively. After release of the movie, the restaurant went on to collect a significant amount of memorabilia from the motion picture until a kitchen fire on June 26, 2008 destroyed much of the restaurant. Some memorabilia and props, including the original piano used in the film, survived the fire, and the restaurant re-opened in November 2008. Renowned aerobatic pilot Art Scholl was hired to

"Close Range"
to Jasper, and Angela is injured in the process while Colt managed to kill the remaining men. Colt orders Angela and Hailey to escape from the house, but they are caught by Garcia. However, Jasper appears and kills Garcia. Colt shoots Jasper and gives Jasper a choice: a handcuff or a shotgun. When Jasper chooses the shotgun, Colt quickly kills him. Later, Colt hands the flash drive to Angela and he drives away as the state police arrives. After ""many delays"" due to Adkins' busy schedule, filming began on December 1, 2014, and wrapped on February 3, 2015. On September

"Shots Fired"
police shooting incidents that have spurred demonstrations and outrage across the United States. Gina and Reggie will serve as executive producers along with Francie Calfo and Brian Grazer. In March 2016, crews were filming in Kannapolis, North Carolina. They were expected to continue work in the area through July. Filming took place in Gastonia and Salisbury in April 2016. The Rowan County courthouse became the Gate County Courthouse, and a real WJZY news van appeared in a scene. Other scenes were filmed in Concord, Mooresville and Charlotte. In May, James B. Duke Memorial Library at Johnson C. Smith University played

Guncrazy
very often, and does it all together."" Filming began on November 10, 1991, in Los Angeles, California, where a majority of filming occurred. Filming in Los Angeles concluded after 23 days. ""Guncrazy""'s opening shots were filmed in Ely, Nevada. The film was created at a cost of either $800,000 or $900,000. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 1992. The film did not attract much interest from theater exhibitors at the festival, and its distribution rights went to Showtime and Academy Entertainment, which had the highest bids, covering the cost of making the film. In September

The gunstock war club made for Chingachgook was created by Jim Yellow Eagle. Magua's tomahawk was made by Fred A. Mitchell of Odin Forge & Fabrication. Costumes were originally designed by multiple Academy Award winner James Acheson, but he left the film and had his name removed because of artistic differences with Mann. Designer Elsa Zamparelli was brought in to finish. Despite the film taking place in upstate New York, according to the film credits, it was filmed mostly in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Locations used include Lake James, Chimney Rock Park and The Biltmore Estate. Some

"The Guns of Will Sonnett"
It was filmed on location at various sites near Los Angeles, including Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. The series starred veteran character actor Walter Brennan as Will Sonnett, and Dack Rambo as his grandson, Jeff, who were searching for Will's son, James. Disgusted with his father's absence due to army business, James had disappeared at the age of seventeen. A few years later, a baby boy was delivered to Will, with a letter identifying him as James' son and explaining that the mother had died in childbirth. The letter also said that James was giving his father a

Three seconds rule The three seconds rule (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in the key, with often termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds while their team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. The three-second rule was introduced in 1936 and was expressed as such: no offensive player, with or without the ball, could remain in the key, for three seconds or more. The three-second rule came about in

"Defensive three-second violation"
Defensive three-second violation A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001-2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also called the key, the 16-foot lane, or ""in the paint"") while not actively guarding an opponent. To be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a guarding position. A three-second count is suspended if: In addition, a player guarding an opponent with the

"Third quarterback rule"
Third quarterback rule The third quarterback rule was a rule in the National Football League that governed the use of a third quarterback in addition to the starter and the backup. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season, when the NFL increased the roster size to allow 46 players to dress for a game. The third quarterback did not count towards the team's 45-man active roster. If the third quarterback entered the game at any position during any of the first three quarters, the starter and backup became ineligible to play for the rest of the game; the third

"Third Amendment to the United States Constitution"
Third Amendment to the United States Constitution The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent, forbidding the practice in peacetime. The amendment is a response to Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament during the buildup to the American Revolutionary War, which had allowed the British Army to lodge soldiers in private residences. The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison as a part of the United States Bill of Rights, in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution.

specifically indicated, the NFL had interpreted its rule to mean that in order to designate a third quarterback, the two on the active roster must both be ""bona fide"" quarterbacks, not other position players merely designated as quarterbacks. The third quarterback rule was instituted for the 1991 NFL season in reaction to a 1990 game between the Washington Redskins and Philadelphia Eagles. In that game—sometimes called ""The Body Bag Game""—Redskins lost both starting quarterback Jeff Rutledge and backup Stan Humphries to injuries. Without a third quarterback on their active roster, Washington had to either use a different player for that

Carey"". The amendment as proposed by Congress in 1789 reads as follows: In 1765, the British parliament enacted the first of the Quartering Acts, requiring the American colonies to pay the costs of British soldiers serving in the colonies, and requiring that if the local barracks provided insufficient space, that the colonists lodge the troops in alehouses, inns, and livery stables. After the Boston Tea Party, the Quartering Act of 1774 was enacted. One of the Intolerable Acts that pushed the colonies toward revolution, it authorized British troops to be housed wherever necessary, including in private homes. The quartering of

"Three-strikes law"
Three-strikes law In the United States, habitual offender laws (commonly referred to as three-strikes laws) were first implemented on March 7, 1994 and are part of the United States Justice Department's Anti-Violence Strategy. These laws require a person guilty of committing both a severe violent felony and two other previous convictions to serve a mandatory life sentence in prison. The purpose of the laws is to drastically increase the punishment of those convicted of more than two serious crimes. Twenty-eight states have some form of a ""three-strikes"" law. A person accused under such laws is referred to in a few

troops was cited as one of the colonists' grievances in the United States Declaration of Independence. After several years of comparatively weak government under the Articles of Confederation, a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed a new constitution on September 17, 1787, featuring a stronger chief executive and other changes. George Mason, a Constitutional Convention delegate and the drafter of Virginia's Declaration of Rights, proposed that a bill of rights listing and guaranteeing civil liberties be included. Other delegates—including future Bill of Rights drafter James Madison—disagreed, arguing that existing state guarantees of civil liberties were sufficient and that any attempt to

position or forfeit the game. Brian Mitchell, a running back who played quarterback in college, completed the game in the quarterback position. The Redskins lost to the Eagles, 28-14. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season. There is now no third quarterback exception and the active roster has been increased from 45 to 46. In the 2010 NFC Championship Game between the Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears, the rule was triggered with 57 seconds left in the third quarter. The Bears' starting quarterback, Jay Cutler, suffered from an MCL sprain just after halftime. His replacement, Todd Collins, was

"Arizona's 9th congressional district"
Arizona's 9th congressional district Arizona's ninth congressional district was created as a result of the 2010 Census. The first candidates ran in the 2012 House elections, and the first representative was seated for the 113th Congress in 2013. The district is located entirely within Maricopa County. Geographically and demographically, it is the successor to the old 5th district; 60 percent of the new 9th's territory comes from the old 5th. It is centered around Tempe and includes southern Scottsdale, western Mesa, northwestern Chandler, and southern Phoenix including the Ahwatukee district. As of the 2012 general election, there were 344,770 registered

is a Republican. Leah Campos Schandlbauer announced her candidacy March 26, 2012. She is a former CIA operations officer and a conservative Republican. There are no former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 9th congressional district, living or dead: Representative Sinema has served for the entirety of the district's existence. Arizona's 9th congressional district Arizona's ninth congressional district was created as a result of the 2010 Census. The first candidates ran in the 2012 House elections, and the first representative was seated for the 113th Congress in 2013. The district is located entirely within Maricopa County. Geographically

voters. Of these, 118,077 (34.2%) were registered Republican, 107,123 (31.1%) were registered Democratic, 3,232 (0.9%) were registered Libertarian, and 761 (0.2%) were registered Green. A substantial number, 115,531 (33.5%) were independents. It is split between liberal bastions such as Tempe (home to Arizona State University), strongly conservative portions of the East Valley, and more moderate Republicans in eastern and southern Phoenix. The district was one of seven across the United States whose winner was not declared on 2012 election night. Although Democratic candidate Kyrsten Sinema held a narrow lead over Republican candidate Vernon Parker, the number of provisional and absentee

ballots to be counted significantly exceeded the margin between the two. Sinema was officially declared the winner on November 12, 2012. Sinema was easily reelected in both 2014 and 2016. Since the 9th district's incumbent representative Kyrsten Sinema ran for Senate in 2018 to replace retiring U.S. Senator Jeff Flake, Greg Stanton was elected on November 6th and is congressman-elect. Arizona began sending a ninth member to the House after the 2010 Census, the 2012 Congressional election, and the convening of the 113th Congress. As the result of the closed primary on August 28, 2012, Democrat Kyrsten Sinema faced Republican

Kavanaugh, former Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon and many other strong Arizona leaders have done so as well. On February 22, 2012, Republican Martin Sepulveda declared his candidacy for Congressional District 9. Martin Sepulveda is a former Chandler City Councilman, a business owner, and a Commander in the United States Navy having served four tours in Afghanistan and Iraq. On March 3, 2012, Lieutenant Colonel Wendy Rogers (Ret.) announced her candidacy for Congressional District 9. Rogers and husband Hal Kunen, along with children George and Emily, settled in Tempe in 1996, upon their retirement from the United States Air Force. Rogers

most of his life, and currently represents Tempe and South Scottsdale. On February 9, 2012, former Clinton White House aide and Arizona prosecutor Andrei Cherny launched his bid for Congress in the new district. Cherny was Chair of the Arizona Democratic Party. His campaign slogan is ""Save the Middle Class,"" for his mission is to ""put our government back on the side of Arizona's families."" He served as an Assistant Attorney General under Terry Goddard and worked in the Clinton White House. Both men have given their endorsements to Cherny. Former Ahwatukee State Rep. Rae Waters, Mesa City Councilman Dennis

"Arizona's 5th congressional district"
Arizona's 5th congressional district Arizona's 5th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The district contains Gilbert, Queen Creek, southern and eastern Chandler, and eastern Mesa. It is within eastern Maricopa County, and includes most of the East Valley. It is currently represented by Republican Andy Biggs, who was elected in November 2016. After redistricting in 2010, most of the 5th's territory became the 9th district, while the 5th included most of the territory in the old 6th district. Arizona picked up a fifth district after the 1980 Census. It covered most of the

"Arizona's 7th legislative district"
Descheenie (D, Chinle). Arizona's 7th legislative district Arizona's 7th Legislative District is one of 30 in the state, covering portions of Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, Apache, Greenlee, Graham, Pinal, and Gila counties. As of 2018 there are 87 precincts in the district, 44 in Apache, 26 in Coconino, 9 in Navajo, 3 in Gila, 2 in both Graham and Mohave, and 1 in Pinal, with a total registered voter population of 122,421. The district is represented for the 2018–2019 Legislative Session in the State Senate by Jamescita Peshlakai (D, Cameron) and in the House of Representatives by Wenona Benally (D, Window

Arizona's 7th legislative district Arizona's 7th Legislative District is one of 30 in the state, covering portions of Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, Apache, Greenlee, Graham, Pinal, and Gila counties. As of 2018 there are 87 precincts in the district, 44 in Apache, 26 in Coconino, 9 in Navajo, 3 in Gila, 2 in both Graham and Mohave, and 1 in Pinal, with a total registered voter population of 122,421. The district is represented for the 2018–2019 Legislative Session in the State Senate by Jamescita Peshlakai (D, Cameron) and in the House of Representatives by Wenona Benally (D, Window Rock) and Eric

"Arizona's 8th congressional district"
Arizona's 8th congressional district Arizona's 8th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. It includes many of the suburbs north and west of Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona. After redistricting for the 2012 general election, the new 8th district encompasses most of the Maricopa County portion of the old 2nd district, while most of the former 8th district became the 2nd congressional district. It is the geographic and demographic successor of the old 2nd; while the 4th district contains most of the old 2nd's land, more than 92 percent of the old 2nd's constituents

this type of nuclear decay effectively turns a proton into a neutron

"Double beta decay"
Double beta decay In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two neutrons are simultaneously transformed into two protons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. As in single beta decay, this process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons. As a result of this transformation, the nucleus emits two detectable beta particles, which are electrons or positrons. The literature distinguishes between two types of double beta decay: ""ordinary"" double beta decay and ""neutrinoless"" double beta decay. In ordinary double beta decay, which has been observed in

atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive. Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up quarks and down quarks, and the weak force

a neutron However, decay cannot occur in an isolated proton because it requires energy due to the mass of the neutron being greater than the mass of the proton. decay can only happen inside nuclei when the daughter nucleus has a greater binding energy (and therefore a lower total energy) than the mother nucleus. The difference between these energies goes into the reaction of converting a proton into a neutron, a positron and a neutrino and into the kinetic energy of these particles. This process is opposite to negative beta decay, in that the weak interaction converts a proton into

including orbital and spin angular momentum, beta decay occurs by a variety of quantum state transitions to various nuclear angular momentum or spin states, known as ""Fermi"" or ""Gamow-Teller"" transitions. When beta decay particles carry no angular momentum (L=0), the decay is referred to as ""allowed"", otherwise it is ""forbidden"". Other decay modes, which are rare, are known as bound state decay and double beta decay. A Fermi transition is a beta decay in which the spins of the emitted electron (positron) and anti-neutrino (neutrino) couple to total spin formula_10, leading to an angular momentum change formula_27 between the initial

"Free neutron decay"
Free neutron decay Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of (about 14 minutes, 42 seconds). Therefore, the half-life for this process (which differs from the mean lifetime by a factor of ) is (about 10 minutes, 11 seconds). The beta decay of the neutron, described above, can be denoted as follows: This decay, like any flavor-changing process, occurs through operation of the weak force. It involves the emission of a boson from one of the down quarks within the neutron, thereby converting the down quark into an up quark and the neutron into a

to drive its No. 6 and No. 16 Nationwide Series cars on a part-time basis as part of an extended tryout with the organization. Busch announced shortly thereafter that he would split the driving duties of the No. 18 with Johnny Benson for the remainder of the year. Kyle Busch won 8 races in 16 starts, and the No. 18 truck won the owners championship in its first full-time season. Both Ickler and Busch returned for 2011, with Kyle running 16 races and Ickler running 4. Kasey Kahne drove a single race for the No. 18 with sponsorship from Automotive

physical encounter between Busch and team owner Richard Childress. Coulter struggled, with only five top tens and a 15th-place points finish. With Coulter moving to GMS Racing, the No. 18 team did not run in 2014 and 2015. In late 2015, KBM announced that Cody Coughlin would pilot the No. 18 JEGS.com Toyota Tundra part-time for the 2016. Coughlin ran the 18 in the season-opening event at Daytona International Speedway. Harrison Burton made his Truck Series debut in the No. 18 at Martinsville Speedway. Kyle Busch returned to the No. 18 Truck for 4 races at Martinsville, Charlotte, Kentucky and

"Jeff Gordon"
Jeff Gordon Jeffery Michael Gordon(born August 4, 1971) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, currently an announcer for ""Fox NASCAR"", and a top executive for Hendrick Motorsports. He formerly drove the No. 24 Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports in 23 full-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series seasons between 1993 and 2015, and served as a substitute driver for Dale Earnhardt Jr. in the No. 88 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet in select races during the 2016 season. Gordon started his professional racing career in the Busch Series with Hugh Connerty Racing, followed by Bill Davis Racing, winning three races, and began

finish/class finish). Jeff Gordon Jeffery Michael Gordon(born August 4, 1971) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, currently an announcer for ""Fox NASCAR"", and a top executive for Hendrick Motorsports. He formerly drove the No. 24 Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports in 23 full-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series seasons between 1993 and 2015, and served as a substitute driver for Dale Earnhardt Jr. in the No. 88 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet in select races during the 2016 season. Gordon started his professional racing career in the Busch Series with Hugh Connerty Racing, followed by Bill Davis Racing, winning three races,

in his debut, then 21st at Atlanta. The No. 18 truck (Kyle Busch's Sprint Cup Series number), the primary entry of KBM during their debut 2010 season, with Kyle Busch running a partial schedule and Brian Ickler running non-companion races. The team would lose its Miccosukee sponsorship prior to the season, replaced by Toyota, M&M's, Interstate Batteries, Dollar General, and Traxxas. In the first seven races of the season, Busch made five starts and won twice, while Ickler finished in the top ten both of his starts. KBM lost Ickler in May when he was signed by Roush Fenway Racing

"Joe Gibbs Racing"
driver Kyle Benjamin drove the 18 with sponsorship from Reser’s Fine Foods and Sport Clips at both Iowa races and Kentucky in September with a best finish of 2nd at the July Iowa race to teammate Ryan Preece. Regan Smith returned to the xfinity series in a one-race deal in the 18 at Mid-Ohio with sponsorship from Interstate Batteries. Denny Hamlin also drove one race in the 18, running a throwback scheme at Darlington with Sport Clips sponsoring, Hamlin won the race. Ryan Preece drove the 18 car at Homestead with Safelite Autoglass as the sponsor and finished 5th in

Chicagoland. Busch won the races at Martinsville and Chicagoland. Noah Gragson ran the final 2 races of the year at in the Phoenix and Homestead with sponsorship from SPEEDVEGAS. It was announced in October 2016 that Noah Gragson was signed to drive the No. 18 full-time in 2017, and that he would compete for Rookie of the Year honors. Gragson missed the playoffs but scored his first win at the fall Martinsville race. Gragson finished 10th in points, second highest of the non playoff drivers. In 2019, Harrison Burton will pilot the truck full-time, replacing Noah Gragson, who will replace

"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? ""Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"", also sung as ""Buddy, Can You Spare a Dime?"", is one of the best-known American songs of the Great Depression. Written in 1930 by lyricist E. Y. ""Yip"" Harburg and composer Jay Gorney, ""Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"" was part of the 1932 musical revue ""Americana""; the melody is based on a Russian-Jewish lullaby Gorney's mother had sung to him as a child. It was considered by Republicans to be anti-capitalist propaganda, and almost dropped from the show; attempts were made to ban it from the radio.

and he responded with: Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? ""Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"", also sung as ""Buddy, Can You Spare a Dime?"", is one of the best-known American songs of the Great Depression. Written in 1930 by lyricist E. Y. ""Yip"" Harburg and composer Jay Gorney, ""Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"" was part of the 1932 musical revue ""Americana""; the melody is based on a Russian-Jewish lullaby Gorney's mother had sung to him as a child. It was considered by Republicans to be anti-capitalist propaganda, and almost dropped from the show; attempts were made to ban

"Somebody Loan Me a Dime"
Somebody Loan Me a Dime Somebody Loan Me a Dime is a 1974 studio album by blues singer and guitarist Fenton Robinson, his debut under the Alligator Records imprint. Blending together some elements of jazz with Chicago blues and Texas blues, the album was largely critically well received and is regarded as important within his discography. Among the album's tracks is a re-recording of his 1967 signature song, ""Somebody Loan Me a Dime"", which has become a blues standard. It has been reissued multiple times in the United States and Japan, including with bonus tracks. The album overall received good

times by Alligator in the United States and internationally by Japanese labels Pony Canyon and P-Vine. The 2001 P-Vine re-issue includes two bonus tracks: ""I Hear Some Blues Downstairs"" (4:16) and ""As the Years Go Passing By"" (4:49). ""Except where otherwise noted, all tracks composed by Fenton Robinson"" The title track can be overheard at the beginning of the 1980 film, ""The Blues Brothers"" as Jake Blues (John Belushi) is being escorted from his cell upon the day of his release from prison and parole. Somebody Loan Me a Dime Somebody Loan Me a Dime is a 1974 studio album

"Get Outta Town"
Get Outta Town ""Get Outta Town"" (a.k.a. ""Fletch, Get Outta Town"") is a song by American musician-singer-songwriter Dan Hartman, released as a single in 1985 from the original motion picture soundtrack for the film ""Fletch"". It was written by Hartman and Charlie Midnight, and was produced by Hartman and Richard Landis. After Hartman's international success with ""I Can Dream About You"", along with the ""same-titled album"" released in 1984, it seemed that Hartman would continue gaining hit singles, especially after the album spawned another two American Top 40 singles ""We Are the Young"" and ""Second Nature"". However, when ""Get Outta

"Fenton Robinson"
Fenton Robinson Fenton Lee Robinson (September 23, 1935 – November 25, 1997) was an American blues singer and exponent of the Chicago blues guitar. Robinson was born near Greenwood, Mississippi. He left home at the age of 18 and moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he recorded his first single ""Tennessee Woman"" in 1957. In 1959, he made his first recording of ""As the Years Go Passing By"", later recorded by several other blues artists. He settled in Chicago in 1962. He recorded his signature song, ""Somebody Loan Me a Dime"", in 1967 for the Palos label, the nationwide distribution of

The song became best known, however, through recordings by Bing Crosby and Rudy Vallee. They were released right before Franklin Delano Roosevelt's election to the presidency. The Brunswick Crosby recording made on October 25, 1932 with Lennie Hayton and his Orchestra became the best-selling record of its period, and came to be viewed as an anthem to the shattered dreams of the era. In the song a beggar talks back to the system that stole his job. Gorney said in an interview in 1974 ""I didn't want a song to depress people. I wanted to write a song to make

in 1967 for the Palos label (and which had become a hit for Boz Scaggs in 1969, under the title ""Loan Me a Dime"" without composition credit for Robinson). The song is regarded as Robinson's signature piece and went on to become a blues standard, according to 1997's ""Encyclopedia of Blues"" being ""part of the repertoire of one out of every two blues artists."" The title song serves as the background music during the opening scenes of the movie ""The Blues Brothers"", a movie responsible for revitalizing Aretha Franklin's career. Jeff Harris identifies as among Robinson's influences on the album

"Hot Dog Buddy Buddy"
2011 tour, The Speedos, Eddie Martin and the Rhythm Cruisers, Pete Anderson & The Archives, and Bernie Woods and the Forest Fires on the album ""Rock, Roll & Stroll"". Ian Dury quoted from the song in his own recording ""Bill Haley's Last Words"" from the 1992 album ""The Bus Driver's Prayer & Other Stories"". Hot Dog Buddy Buddy Hot Dog Buddy Buddy is a 1956 rock and roll song composed by Bill Haley and released as a Decca single. The song appeared in the 1956 Columbia Pictures movie ""Don't Knock the Rock"". ""Hot Dog Buddy Buddy"" was written by Bill

"The Winker's Song (Misprint)"
The Winker's Song (Misprint) ""The Winker's Song (Misprint)"", also known as ""The Wanker's Song"" and ""I'm A Wanker"", is a 1978 British comedy single. It was written and performed by Doc Cox, under the pseudonym of ""Ivor Biggun and the Red Nosed Burglars"" and produced by Beggars Banquet Records. The song was released on 2 September 1978. It reached number 22 in the UK Singles Charts despite not being aired on the radio owing to obscenities pertaining to masturbation within the song. Founded in 1974, Beggars Banquet Records was known for the left of centre acts signed to it, with

"Covenant (biblical)"
symbolic act. The Mosaic covenant, found in and the book of Deuteronomy, contains the foundations of the written Torah and the Oral Torah. In this covenant, God promises to make the Israelites his treasured possession among all people and ""a kingdom of priests and a holy nation"", if they follow God's commandments. As part of the terms of this covenant, God gives Moses the Ten Commandments. These will later be elaborated on in the rest of the Torah. The form of the covenant resembles the suzerainty treaty in the ancient Near East. Like the treaties, the Ten Commandments begins with

"Old Testament"
– Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, book of Numbers and Deuteronomy – reached their present form in the Persian period (538–332 BC), and their authors were the elite of exilic returnees who controlled the Temple at that time. The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings follow, forming a history of Israel from the Conquest of Canaan to the Siege of Jerusalem c. 587 BC. There is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work (the so-called ""Deuteronomistic history"") during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. The two Books of Chronicles cover much the same material

both Jews and Christians have always interpreted the Bible (both the ""Old"" and ""New"" Testaments) as an affirmation of the oneness of Almighty God. The Old Testament stresses the special relationship between God and his chosen people, Israel, but includes instructions for proselytes as well. This relationship is expressed in the biblical covenant (contract) between the two, received by Moses. The law codes in books such as Exodus and especially Deuteronomy are the terms of the contract: Israel swears faithfulness to God, and God swears to be Israel's special protector and supporter. Further themes in the Old Testament include salvation,

Yahweh's identification and what he had done for Israel (""who brought you out of the land of Egypt""; Ex 20:2) as well as the stipulations commanding absolute loyalty (""You shall not have other gods apart from me""). Unlike the suzerainty treaty, the Decalogue does not have any witness nor explicit blessings and curses. The fullest account of the Mosaic covenant is given in the book of Deuteronomy. God gave the children of Israel the Shabbat as the permanent sign of this covenant. The priestly covenant ( ""brith ha-kehuna"") is the covenant that God made with Aaron and his descendants, the

"Mosaic covenant"
Mosaic covenant The Mosaic covenant (named after Moses), also known as the Sinaitic covenant (named after the biblical Mount Sinai), refers to a biblical covenant between God and the biblical Israelites, including their proselytes. The establishment and stipulations of the Mosaic covenant are recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, traditionally attributed to Moses and collectively called the Torah or Pentateuch. This covenant is sometimes also referred to as the Law of Moses, Mosaic Law, or the 613 Mitzvot, or commandments (singular: mitzvah). The concept of a covenant began long before the biblical era, specifically the beginnings

"Covenant (religion)"
used to translate the Hebrew word ""berith"". It is used in the Masoretic Text 264 times. The equivalent word in the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament is , ""diatheke"". The Mosaic covenant refers to a biblical covenant between God and the biblical Israelites. The establishment and stipulations of the Mosaic covenant are recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, which are traditionally attributed to Mosaic authorship and collectively called the Torah, and this covenant is sometimes also referred to as the Law of Moses or Mosaic Law or the 613 Mitzvot. Covenants are often initiated by

or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption. In Genesis chapters 12–17 three covenants can be distinguished based on the differing Jahwist, Elohist and Priestly sources. In Genesis 12 and 15, God grants Abraham land and a multitude of descendants but does not place any stipulations (unconditional) on Abraham for the covenant's fulfillment. By contrast, Genesis 17 contains the covenant of circumcision (conditional). Covenants in biblical times were often sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verb meaning to seal a covenant translates literally

"Book of Deuteronomy"
core of Deuteronomy is the covenant that binds Yahweh and Israel by oaths of fidelity (Yahweh and Israel each faithful to the other) and obedience (Israel obedient to Yahweh). God will give Israel blessings of the land, fertility, and prosperity so long as Israel is faithful to God's teaching; disobedience will lead to curses and punishment. But, according to the Deuteronomists, Israel's prime sin is lack of faith, apostasy: contrary to the first and fundamental commandment (""Thou shalt have no other gods before me"") the people have entered into relations with other gods. The covenant is based on seventh-century Assyrian

both. In the grant of Ashurbanipal, an Assyrian, to his servant Bulta, he describes Bulta's loyalty with the phrase ""kept the charge of my kinship"". Abraham similarly kept God's charge in Genesis 26: 4–5: ""I will give to your descendants all these lands...inasmuch as Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my rules and my teachings."" Furthermore, in Jeremiah, God says, through prophetic metaphor, that David will be adopted as a son. Expressing legal and political relationships through familial phraseology was common among Near Eastern cultures. Babylonian contracts often expressed fathership and sonship, in their grants to actually

Covenant (biblical) A biblical covenant is a religious covenant that is described in the Bible. All Abrahamic religions consider biblical covenants important. The Hebrew Bible contains the Noahic Covenant (in Genesis), which is between God and all people, as well as a number of more specific covenants with individuals or groups. Biblical covenants include those with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings. In form and terminology, these covenants echo the kinds of treaty agreements in the surrounding ancient world. In the Book of Jeremiah, verses predict ""a new covenant"" that God will

who validated the civil rights movement by proclaiming we shall overcome

"We Shall Overcome"
in jail in 1959–1960. Because of this, Carawan has been reluctant to claim credit for the song's widespread popularity. In the PBS video ""We Shall Overcome"", Julian Bond credits Carawan with teaching and singing the song at the founding meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1960. From there, it spread orally and became an anthem of Southern African American labor union and civil rights activism. Seeger has also publicly, in concert, credited Carawan with the primary role of teaching and popularizing the song within the Civil Rights Movement. In August 1963, 22-year old folksinger

Rights Movement from 1959, when Guy Carawan stepped in with his and Seeger's version as song leader at Highlander, which was then focused on nonviolent civil rights activism. It quickly became the movement's unofficial anthem. Seeger and other famous folksingers in the early 1960s, such as Joan Baez, sang the song at rallies, folk festivals, and concerts in the North and helped make it widely known. Since its rise to prominence, the song, and songs based on it, have been used in a variety of protests worldwide. The U.S. copyright of the ""People's Songs Bulletin"" issue which contained ""We Will

Joan Baez, led a crowd of 300,000 in singing ""We Shall Overcome"" at the Lincoln Memorial during A. Philip Randolph's March on Washington. President Lyndon Johnson, himself a Southerner, used the phrase ""we shall overcome"" in addressing Congress on March 15, 1965, in a speech delivered after the violent ""Bloody Sunday"" attacks on civil rights demonstrators during the Selma to Montgomery marches, thus legitimizing the protest movement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. recited the words from ""We Shall Overcome"" in his final sermon delivered in Memphis on Sunday, March 31, 1968, before his assassination. He had done so in a

"Guy Carawan"
Guy Carawan Guy Hughes Carawan, Jr. (July 27, 1927 – May 2, 2015) was an American folk musician and musicologist. He served as music director and song leader for the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee. Carawan is famous for introducing the protest song ""We Shall Overcome"" to the American Civil Rights Movement, by teaching it to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960. A union organizing song based on a black spiritual, it had been a favorite of Zilphia Horton (d. 1956) wife of the founder of the Highlander Folk School. Carawan reintroduced it at

similar sermon delivered in 1965 before an interfaith congregation at Temple Israel in Hollywood, California: ""We Shall Overcome"" was sung days later by over fifty thousand attendees at Dr. King's funeral. Farmworkers in the United States later sang the song in Spanish during the strikes and grape boycotts of the late 1960s. The song was notably sung by the U.S. Senator for New York Robert F. Kennedy, when he led anti-Apartheid crowds in choruses from the rooftop of his car while touring South Africa in 1966. It was also the song which Abie Nathan chose to broadcast as the anthem

We Shall Overcome ""We Shall Overcome"" is a gospel song which became a protest song and a key anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. The song is most commonly attributed as being lyrically descended from ""I'll Overcome Some Day"", a hymn by Charles Albert Tindley that was first published in 1900. The modern version of the song was first said to have been sung by tobacco workers led by Lucille Simmons during a 1945 strike in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1947, the song was published under the title ""We Will Overcome"" in an edition of the ""People's Songs Bulletin"" (a

All Right"". As Victor Bobetsky summarized in his 2015 book on the subject: ""'We Shall Overcome' owes its existence to many ancestors and to the constant change and adaptation that is typical of the folk music process."" In October 1945 in Charleston, South Carolina, members of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers union (FTA-CIO), who were mostly female and African American, began a five-month strike against the American Tobacco Company. To keep up their spirits during the cold, wet winter of 1945–1946, one of the strikers, a woman named Lucille Simmons, led a slow ""long meter style"" version of

"Charles Albert Tindley"
Forrest Theater to protest against the showing of D. W. Griffith's film ""The Birth of a Nation"". They were attacked by whites with clubs, sticks, and bottles. Graham was hospitalized; Tindley's injuries were treated at home. Tindley was given a Doctor of Divinity Degree by Bennett College and Morgan College in Baltimore Md. Tindley was a noted songwriter and composer of gospel hymns and is recognized as one of the founding fathers of American gospel music. Five of his hymns appear in the 1989 ""United Methodist Hymnal"". His composition ""I'll Overcome Someday"" is credited by some observers to be the

the gospel hymn, ""We'll Overcome (I'll Be All Right)"" to end each day's picketing. Union organizer Zilphia Horton, who was the wife of the co-founder of the Highlander Folk School (later Highlander Research and Education Center), said she learned it from Simmons. Horton was Highlander's music director during 1935–1956, and it became her custom to end group meetings each evening by leading this, her favorite song. During the presidential campaign of Henry A. Wallace, ""We Will Overcome"" was printed in ""Bulletin No. 3"" (September 1948), 8, of People's Songs, with an introduction by Horton saying that she had learned it

"Sarah Parker Remond"
and the wall behind all the panels has wallpaper made of six government documents repeated over and over, with each document being related to a cause of one or more of the women. Sarah Parker Remond Sarah Parker Remond (June 6, 1815 – December 13, 1894) was an African-American lecturer, abolitionist, and agent of the American Anti-Slavery Society. An international activist for human rights and women's suffrage, she made her first speech against slavery when she was only 16 years old. Late in life she became a physician in Italy. As a young woman, Remond delivered speeches throughout the Northeast

"Forensic science"
She then confessed to the murder of her sons. A Fingerprint Bureau was established in Calcutta (Kolkata), India, in 1897, after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report that fingerprints should be used for the classification of criminal records. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau, before it became the Fingerprint Bureau, were Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose were Indian fingerprint experts who have been credited with the primary development of a fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry. The Henry Classification System, co-devised by Haque and Bose, was

used in breaking and entering. Although his central methods were soon to be supplanted by fingerprinting, ""his other contributions like the mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day."" Sir William Herschel was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a security measure to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures in 1858. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Kolkata), Herschel instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds, and he

accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by December 1905, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a fingerprint advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Uhlenhuth test, or the antigen–antibody precipitin test for species, was invented by

registered government pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money by relatives after a pensioner's death. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon in a Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal ""Nature"", discussing the usefulness of fingerprints for identification and proposing a method to record them with printing ink. He established their first classification and was also the first to identify fingerprints left on a vial. Returning to the UK in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London, but it was dismissed at that time. Faulds wrote to

the fingerprints of individuals on file. In 1892, after studying Galton's pattern types, Vucetich set up the world's first fingerprint bureau. In that same year, Francisca Rojas of Necochea was found in a house with neck injuries whilst her two sons were found dead with their throats cut. Rojas accused a neighbour, but despite brutal interrogation, this neighbour would not confess to the crimes. Inspector Alvarez, a colleague of Vucetich, went to the scene and found a bloody thumb mark on a door. When it was compared with Rojas' prints, it was found to be identical with her right thumb.

a crime scene, or on items of evidence from a crime, have been used in forensic science to identify suspects, victims and other persons who touched a surface. Fingerprint identification emerged as an important system within police agencies in the late 19th century, when it replaced anthropometric measurements as a more reliable method for identifying persons having a prior record, often under a false name, in a criminal record repository. In modern times, researchers can find traces of addictive drugs on just a fingerprint. Fingerprinting has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years or so to provide identification

AARP
AARP AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) is a United States-based interest group whose stated mission is ""to empower people to choose how they live as they age."" According to the organization, it had more than 38 million members as of 2018. AARP was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus (a retired educator from California) and Leonard Davis (later the founder of the Colonial Penn Group of insurance companies). The association advocates for social change and provides information, advocacy, and service to its members. It is an important lobbying group in the United States. It updates special

"Independent American Party"
vote of 79%. In January 1999, the national IAP began holding semi-annual National Conferences. The national chairman attended a number of state and national conventions of other like-minded third parties across the nation to build ties. The IAP website (launched in September 1998) grew and attracted individual members in about forty states. In 2001, the IAP grew from one state party to three organized state parties – Minnesota, Tennessee, and Utah – and twelve prospective state parties. Area coordinators were assigned to each of four regions of the country. The IAP adopted its first National Platform in August 2002 and

"Americans for Democratic Action"
score 100 is considered liberal. The LQ is obtained by evaluating an elected official's votes on 20 key foreign and domestic social and economic issues chosen by the ADA's Legislative Committee. Each vote given a score of either 5 or 0 points, depending on whether the individual voted with or against the ADA's position, respectively. Absent voters are also given a score of 0 for the vote. Americans for Democratic Action Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) (1947-Present) is a liberal American political organization advocating progressive policies. ADA works for social and economic justice through lobbying, grassroots organizing, research, and supporting

AARP
States. The organization also produces radio and television programs and has a book division. ""AARP en Español"" is the AARP's Spanish-language multimedia platform. Offerings include a Spanish-language website, a Spanish-language YouTube channel, and informational resources. AARP has been active in health care policy debates since the 1960s, and its recent engagement is a reflection of this long-standing involvement. AARP's public stances influenced the United States Congress' passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, which created Medicare Part D, in 2003, and also influenced the Congress by resisting radical changes to Social Security in 2005. AARP also addressed

"American Association for Justice"
American Association for Justice The American Association for Justice (AAJ), formerly the Association of Trial Lawyers of America (ATLA) is a nonprofit advocacy and lobbying organization for plaintiff's lawyers in the United States. AAJ's stated mission is to ""promote a fair and effective justice system."" Focused on opposing tort reform, the organization is one of the Democratic Party's most influential political allies, according to the Washington Post. In 1946, a group of plaintiffs' attorneys involved in workers' compensation litigation founded the National Association of Claimants' Compensation Attorneys (NACCA). As their work broadened beyond workers' compensation, in 1960 the NACCA changed

AARP
health care issues in their campaign targeting the 2008 elections with Divided We Fail. In an editorial in the ""Los Angeles Times"", critic Dale Van Atta wrote that AARP does unauthorized lobbying for its membership, and lobbies against the best interests of its membership. He says that by lobbying for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, AARP leaders betrayed the membership. In early 2017, AARP strongly opposed the American Health Care Act of 2017, believing that older Americans would be unfairly burdened with higher premiums and smaller tax credits. Approximately seven million people have AARP-branded health insurance, including

"Political ideologies in the United States"
In this categorization system, ""the right"" roughly represents the Republican base, those on ""the left"" the Democratic base and those in ""the middle"" independents. Within the left are the largely secular and anti-war ""Liberals"", the socially conservative but economically left ""Conservative Democrats"", and the economically ""Disadvantaged Democrats"" who favor extended government assistance to the needy. In ""the middle"" are the optimistic and upwardly mobile ""Upbeats"", the discouraged and mistrusting ""Disaffecteds,"" and the disenfranchised ""Bystanders."" The right comprises the highly pro-business ""Enterprisers,"" the highly religious ""Social Conservatives"" (also known as the Christian right), and the ""Pro-Government Conservatives"" who are largely conservative

AARP
individual's 50th birthday. AARP addresses issues affecting older Americans through lobbying efforts at the state and national governmental level, an activity permitted by its 501(c)(4) status. The organization says that it is non-partisan and does not support, oppose or give money to any candidates or political parties. The total revenue for 2006 was approximately $1 billion and it spent $23 million on lobbying. Middle-class security has been a major focus for the organization in recent years. AARP also provides extensive consumer information, volunteer opportunities, and events including the annual National Event & Expo (2013 in Las Vegas from May 30–June

"American Evaluation Association"
American Evaluation Association The American Evaluation Association (AEA) is a professional association for evaluators and those with a professional interest in the field of evaluation, including practitioners, faculty, students, funders, managers, and government decision-makers. , AEA has approximately 7057 members from all 50 US states and over 60 other countries. The American Evaluation Association's mission is to: AEA Publishes the AEA: Guiding Principles for Evaluators, which set expectations for evaluators in the areas of: (a) systematic inquiry, (b) competence, (c) integrity/honesty, (d) respect for people, and (e) responsibilities for general and public welfare. AEA sponsors two journals. The American Journal

"American Political Science Association"
settings as well as students at various stages of their education. Journals See APSA Journals. Other Publications View APSA Presidential Addresses, 1903-present APSA members may also join the 41 membership organized sections focused around research themes in political science. See all APSA Organized Sections. Since 2015, they have conducted 2 rankings of American Presidents. In 2015, Republican President Abraham Lincoln was rated the greatest President, while Democratic President James Buchanan was considered the worst. Barack Obama, president at the time of the survey, being ranked 18th. In 2018, Republican Abraham Lincoln was ranked the greatest American President, while current President

a naval station, and recognized that it and Cuba generated lucrative crops of sugar – a valuable commercial commodity which the United States lacked, before the development of the sugar beet industry in the United States. On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, Spain ceded Puerto Rico, along with the Philippines and Guam, then under Spanish sovereignty, to the U.S. under the Treaty of Paris, which went into effect on April 11, 1899. Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it

and on December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed (ratified by the US Senate February 6, 1899). Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico and its dependent islets to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States and in turn was paid $20,000,000 ($ in dollars) by the U.S. General John R. Brooke became the first United States military governor of the island. After the ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Puerto Rico came under the military control of the United States of America. This brought about

New Spain. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous, African, and European elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since 1917, and enjoy freedom of movement between the island and the mainland. As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto

"Puerto Rican Campaign"
explained his intentions in writing the pamphlet, and all parties were satisfied. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. Spain had lost its last colony in the Western Hemisphere and the United States gained imperial strength and global presence. The United States established a military government and appointed Miles the first head of the military government established on the island, acting as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Members of the Spanish forces and civilians who were loyal

door to the settlement of the southeastern United States. They introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language and more to the land (Florida) that later became the United States of America. This settlement occurred 107 years before the Pilgrims landed. During the 1520s, the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan. The Spanish settlers established the first repartimiento system, under which natives were distributed to Spanish officials to be used as slave labor. On December 27, 1512, under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued the Burgos' Laws, which

the Foraker Act. This delegation and speeches made by Resident Commissioner Muñoz Rivera in Congress, coupled with political and economic interests, led to the drafting of the Jones–Shafroth Act of 1917 (Jones Act). The Jones Act was made to replace the Foraker Act, which allowed for the free entry of Puerto Rican goods into the U.S. market. The Jones Act was approved by the U.S. Congress on December 5, 1916, and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. Although it extended citizenship to Puerto Ricans, it wasn't always welcomed. The Partido Union had opposed extension of

"United States territorial acquisitions"
of its present limits, the station shall continue to have the territorial area that it now has, with the limits that it has on the date of the signature of the present Treaty."" On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, the Jones–Shafroth Act granted all the inhabitants of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship in 1917. The U.S. granted Puerto Ricans the right to democratically elect their own governor in 1948. In 1950, the Truman Administration allowed for a democratic referendum in

infantry, artillery and bombers under control of the Puerto Rican commander. The Utuado uprising culminated in what is known as the Utuado massacre. On November 1, 1950, Puerto Rican nationalists from New York City, Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo, attempted to assassinate President Harry S. Truman at his temporary residence of Blair House. Torresola was killed during the attack, but Collazo was wounded and captured. He was convicted of murder and sentenced to death, but President Truman commuted his sentence to life. After Collazo served 29 years in a federal prison, President Jimmy Carter commuted his sentence to times served

"Sammi Smith"
Sammi Smith Sammi Smith (August 5, 1943 – February 12, 2005) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Born Jewel Faye Smith, she is best known for her 1971 country-pop crossover hit ""Help Me Make It Through the Night"", which was written by Kris Kristofferson. She became one of the few women in the outlaw country movement during the 1970s. Sammi Smith was born in Orange County, California, in 1943 but spent her childhood in Oklahoma, Texas, Arizona and Colorado. She dropped out of school at the age of eleven and began to sing professionally in nightclubs. She was

Apache sons, Albert and Alfred. Her grandchildren include Robert Floyd White III, Amanda Gail White, Katrina Jewel White, John Daniel McBride, and Shawn Showalter, Kristen Cutbirth and Jessica Shainberh. Sammi Smith Sammi Smith (August 5, 1943 – February 12, 2005) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Born Jewel Faye Smith, she is best known for her 1971 country-pop crossover hit ""Help Me Make It Through the Night"", which was written by Kris Kristofferson. She became one of the few women in the outlaw country movement during the 1970s. Sammi Smith was born in Orange County, California, in 1943

"Help Me Make It Through the Night"
Help Me Make It Through the Night ""Help Me Make It Through The Night"" is a country music ballad written and composed by Kris Kristofferson and released on his 1970 album ""Kristofferson"". It was covered later in 1970 by Sammi Smith, on the album ""Help Me Make It Through the Night"". Smith's recording of the song remains the most commercially successful and most well-known version in the United States. Her recording ranks among the most successful country singles of all time in terms of sales, popularity, and radio airplay. It topped the country singles chart, and was also a crossover

12 on ""Songs They Wish They Had Written"" week. In 2015, DeAnna Johnson covered this song on The Voice. Help Me Make It Through the Night ""Help Me Make It Through The Night"" is a country music ballad written and composed by Kris Kristofferson and released on his 1970 album ""Kristofferson"". It was covered later in 1970 by Sammi Smith, on the album ""Help Me Make It Through the Night"". Smith's recording of the song remains the most commercially successful and most well-known version in the United States. Her recording ranks among the most successful country singles of all time

recording it when it was originally offered to her was one of the greatest regrets of her career. Kristofferson's original lyrics speak of a man's yearning for sexual intimacy. They were controversial in 1971 when the song was covered by a woman: ""I don't care what's right or wrong, I don't try to understand / Let the devil take tomorrow, Lord tonight I need a friend."" Sammi Smith's recording reached number-one on the U.S. country charts and won the Grammy Award for Best Country Music Female performance. On February 20, 1971, it reached number 8 on ""Billboard""s U.S. pop singles

""Booze, broads, or a bible...whatever helps me make it through the night."" During his time as a struggling songwriter, Kristofferson wrote the song while staying with Dottie West and her husband, Bill, at their home on Shy's Hill Road in Nashville's Green Hills neighborhood. When he offered Dottie the song, she originally claimed it was ""too suggestive"" for her. Eventually, she would record it before the year was out, and it is included on her album ""Careless Hands."" However, by then, several others had recorded and released versions of it, some garnering great success. Later on, West said that not

1980, Willie Nelson covered the song. His rendition became a hit on the Country music charts of both the U.S. and Canada. In 2007, it was recorded for a second time in French with Annie Blanchard (Musicor Records) and the song made the Top 20 for 26 weeks, reaching a high of #6. Other artists who have recorded the song include: Johnny Cash and his wife, June Carter Cash, recorded it as a duet. The recording is found on the 2006 compilation """", released by Sony BMG. In this version, Johnny Cash inserts ""June"" before the line ""tonight I need

hit, reaching number eight on the U.S. pop singles chart. ""Help Me Make It Through The Night"" also became Smith's signature song. Inspired by Smith's success with the song, numerous other artists covered it soon thereafter, including Loretta Lynn, Glen Campbell, Joan Baez, Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley, and Willie Nelson. Other artists who have recorded charting versions of the song include Gladys Knight & the Pips, John Holt, and (in French) Claude Varade. Kristofferson said that he got the inspiration for the song from an ""Esquire"" magazine interview with Frank Sinatra. When asked what he believed in, Frank replied,

"Help Me Make It Through the Night (album)"
It Through the Night"" was recorded in May 1970 at the Monument Records recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and included Smith's first recordings for Mega Records, after leaving the Columbia label in 1969. The album's style reflected the Outlaw Country sound, which was found in other artists such as Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings. The album was originally titled ""He's Everywhere"", due to the single of the same name becoming Smith's first Top 40 hit on the ""Billboard"" country chart. When the title track became a major hit, the album was retitled with the same album number. The

chart, and also enjoyed success in Canada. Adult-Contemporary stations took to the song, and it peaked at number 3 on ""Billboards"" Easy Listening chart. Additionally, it spent three weeks at number 1 on the Country chart. The song became a gold record. In 1971, Joe Simon hit #69 on the Hot 100 and #13 on the Hot Soul Singles chart. In 1972, a version by Gladys Knight & the Pips reached number 33 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 13 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and was a Top 10 pop hit in the United Kingdom. This version

"Nod (gesture)"
Nod (gesture) A nod of the head is a gesture in which the head is tilted in alternating up and down arcs along the sagittal plane. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate agreement, acceptance, or acknowledgement. Different cultures assign different meanings to the gesture. Nodding to indicate ""yes"" is widespread, and appears in a large number of diverse cultural and linguistic groups. Areas in which nodding generally takes this meaning include the Indian subcontinent (note that the head bobble also shows agreement there), the Middle East, Southeast Asia, most of Europe (see below),

"Head shake"
the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe (Greece included), South America, North America and Australia. However, in some Southeastern European areas such as Bulgaria and southern Albania, it is used for the opposite purpose, to indicate affirmation, meaning ""yes"". In those regions, nodding in fact means ""no"" as well, the complete reverse of most other places in the world. There are varying theories as to why head shake is so frequently used to mean ""no"". One simple theory is that it is most common form of expressing negative reaction, indicating that one disagrees with the other person.

Head shake A head shake is a gesture in which the head is turned left and right along the transverse plane repeatedly in quick succession. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate disagreement, denial, or rejection. Head shaking while trying food, in Western cultures, can also communicate one is enjoying the food or a strong approval of it. Different cultures assign different meanings to the gesture. Shaking to indicate ""no"" is widespread, and appears in a large number of diverse cultural and linguistic groups. Areas in which head shaking generally takes this meaning include

reference to it: 4 I also could talk as you do, were you in my place. I could declaim over you, or wag my head at you; 5 I could strengthen you with talk, or shake my head with silent lips. This gesture can be classified into two types based on the speed of delivery: Head shake A head shake is a gesture in which the head is turned left and right along the transverse plane repeatedly in quick succession. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate disagreement, denial, or rejection. Head shaking while

Latin America and North America. Nodding may also be used as a sign of recognition in some areas, or to show respect. An insult may be inferred if it is not returned in kind. In Greece, the single nod of the head down that indicates ""yes"" is often combined with closing the eyes simultaneously. This nod commonly also includes a very slight, almost unnoticeable, turn of the head to the left (or to the right). An early survey of nodding and other gestures was ""The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals"", written by Charles Darwin in 1872. Darwin

of ""τσου"" is optional and reserved only for heavy emphasis on the ""no"". The emphasis on the raised eyebrows and the rolling up of the eyes is such, that the actual nod of the head upwards has ended up being of secondary importance. A person can denote ""no"" by simply raising their eyebrows and rolling up their eyes, with the head staying completely still. Nodding can also be used as a form of nonverbal greeting or acknowledgement of another's presence; in this context, it is essentially an especially mild form of bowing, with just enough movement to show a degree

wrote to missionaries in many parts of the world asking for information on local gestures, and concluded that nodding for ""yes"" was common to many different groups. There are varying theories as to why nodding is so frequently used to indicate acceptance. One simple theory is that it is a form of bowing, indicating that one is prepared to accept what another person is saying or requesting. It has also been stated that babies, when hungry, search for milk by moving their heads vertically, but decline milk by turning their head from side to side. There are few exceptions with

of respect without additional formality. This includes the traditional downwards nod, or the upwards nod (which is more informal and usually used among friends or subordinates). To increase the formality, the downwards nod may also be accompanied by a suitable verbal greeting. Nodding is also a symptom of a yet unexplained disease. It affects mostly children under 15, and was first documented in Tanzania in 1962. Nod (gesture) A nod of the head is a gesture in which the head is tilted in alternating up and down arcs along the sagittal plane. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but

It has also been stated that babies, when hungry, search for their mother's milk by moving their heads vertically, but decline milk by turning their head from side to side. An early survey of head shake and other gestures was ""The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals"", written by Charles Darwin in 1872. Darwin wrote to missionaries in many parts of the world asking for information on local gestures, and concluded that shaking head for ""no"" was common to many different groups. The gesture is possibly ancient in origin. In the biblical book of Job, there is a

some countries swapping the meanings between nodding and shaking head: in Greece, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria, Albania, and Sicily a single nod of the head up (not down) indicates a ""no"". Specifically in Greece, the single nod of the head up that indicates ""no"" is almost always combined with a simultaneous raise of the eyebrows and most commonly also with a slight (or complete) rolling up of the eyes. There is also a sound that sometimes accompanies the whole gesture, called ""τσου"". This sound bears heavy resemblance, but is not identical, to the British tutting sound. The use

"Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1984"
Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1984 This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1984 election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale won the 1984 Democratic nomination for President of the United States, and chose New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to be a part of a national ticket for a major party. Mondale chose Ferraro in hopes of energizing the base and winning the votes of women, but also because he viewed her as a solid legislator who

"1984 United States presidential election"
to appeal to women, and by 1980, they were the majority of voters. In a ""much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates"" to his home in Minnesota, Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein and Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins, also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, an Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. In addition to her sex, Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background. Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a ""P.R. parade of personalities,""

but praised Mondale for his choice, having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in the event he was nominated. Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor Mario Cuomo as his running mate, but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro, his protégée. Mondale may have named Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis as his running mate had he wanted to make a ""safe"" choice"", while others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart stated before Ferraro's selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale; Hart's supporters claimed

(two delegates abstained). For the only time in American history, the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with the presidential roll call. Vice President George H. W. Bush was overwhelmingly renominated. This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote. Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries: Mondale, Hart, and Jackson. Initially, Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy, after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president, was considered the ""de facto"" front-runner of the 1984 primary. But, after Kennedy ultimately declined

1984 United States presidential election The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan defeated former Vice President Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate. Reagan faced only token opposition in his bid for re-nomination by the Republicans, and he and Vice President George H.W. Bush were easily re-nominated. Mondale defeated Senator Gary Hart and several other candidates in the 1984 Democratic primaries. Mondale chose Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate, making Ferraro the first woman to serve on either major party's

damaged his electoral chances. Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a major party, and the first Italian American on a major party ticket since Al Smith in 1928. Mondale wanted to establish a precedent with his vice presidential candidate, although Tonie Nathan of the Libertarian Party was already the first woman to receive an electoral vote in the 1972 election. Another reason for the nominee to ""go for broke"" instead of balancing the ticket was Reagan's lead in the polls. Mondale hoped

votes): Margin of victory less than 5% (17 electoral votes): Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (90 electoral votes): Source: CBS News and ""The New York Times"" exit poll from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research () 1984 United States presidential election The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan defeated former Vice President Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate. Reagan faced only token opposition in his bid for re-nomination by the Republicans, and he and Vice President George

considered to be unfairness in Reagan's economic policies and the need to reduce federal budget deficits. While Ferraro's choice was popular among Democratic activists, polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22% of women were pleased about her selection, versus 18% who agreed that it was a bad idea. 60% of all voters thought that pressure from women's groups had led to Mondale's decision, versus 22% who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate. Some members of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being pro-choice on abortion. Already fighting an uphill

national ticket. Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s stagflation and the 1981–82 recession, as well as the widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige. The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan's age. Mondale criticized Reagan's supply-side economic policies and budget deficits, and he called for a nuclear freeze and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Reagan won 58.8% of the popular vote and carried 49 of the 50 states, becoming the oldest person to win a presidential election at the time. Reagan's showing ranks

"Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign"
Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign The 1984 presidential campaign of Walter Mondale, a former Minnesota senator and Vice President of the United States, began on February 21, 1983, when Mondale announced that he was running for president in a speech at the Minnesota State Capitol. Mondale won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination after convincing Frank Lautenberg, a previously unpledged party delegate, to support him. Lautenberg's vote gave Mondale the 1,967 delegate votes needed to become the Democratic Party's nominee. Mondale lost the general election, held on November 6, 1984, to incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan in a landslide. A former

Fifteen Democrats have served as President under sixteen administrations: the first was seventh President Andrew Jackson, who served from 1829 to 1837; Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms from 1885 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897; and thus is counted twice (as the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President). The most recent was the forty-fourth President Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017. Currently, the Democrats are the opposition party, due to having the minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as having the minority of governorships and state legislatures (full control

does not necessarily end immediately; instead, it is limited to up to 30 additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote. The longest filibuster speech in the Senate's history was delivered by Strom Thurmond (D-SC), who spoke for over 24 hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Under certain circumstances, the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 provides for a process called ""reconciliation"" by which Congress can pass bills related to the budget without those bills being subject to a filibuster. This is accomplished by limiting all Senate floor debate to 20

very popular war hero and commanding general in World War II, General Dwight D. Eisenhower (in 1952 and 1956). With two brief interruptions since the Great Depression and World War II eras, the Democrats with unusually large majorities for over four decades, controlled the lower house of the Congress in the House of Representatives from 1930 until 1994 and the Senate for most of that same period, electing the Speaker of the House and the Representatives' majority leaders/committee chairs along with the upper house of the Senate's majority leaders and committee chairmen. Important Democratic progressive/liberal leaders included 33rd and 36th

"73rd United States Congress"
Committee"" failed to achieve its goal of nationalizing the arms industry, it inspired three congressional neutrality acts in the mid-1930s that signaled profound American opposition to overseas involvement. For details, see ""Changes in membership"", below. There were 48 states with two Senators per state, this gave the Senate 96 seats. Membership changed with four deaths, one resignation, and two appointees who were replaced by electees. Membership changed with twelve deaths and three resignations. Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class

coming into force in 1951, the amendment has applied to six presidents who have been elected twice: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. It has also applied to two who entered office intra-term due to their predecessor's death or resignation: Lyndon B. Johnson and Gerald Ford. Johnson became president in November 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, served out the final of Kennedy's term, and was elected to a full four-year term in 1964. Four years later, he briefly ran for a second full term, but withdrew from the

"Waldo (short story)"
Waldo (short story) ""Waldo"" (1942) is a short story by Robert A. Heinlein originally published in ""Astounding Magazine"" in August 1942 under the pseudonym Anson MacDonald. It is available in the book ""Waldo & Magic, Inc."" (as well as other collections). Both stories in that collection involve magic but are otherwise unrelated. The essence of the story is the journey of a mechanical genius from his self-imposed exile from the rest of humanity to a more normal life, conquering the disease myasthenia gravis as well as his own contempt for humans in general. The key to this is that magic

"Martin Handford"
Martin Handford Martin Handford (born 27 September 1956) is an English children's author and illustrator who gained worldwide fame in the mid-1980s with his ""Where's Wally?"" creation (known as ""Where's Waldo?"" in North America). Born in Hampstead, London, Handford was a solitary child, born to divorced parents. He began drawing crowds when he was 4 or 5 years old, and later as a child, making stick figures on paper. After school, when most other children he knew would go out and play games, he would draw pictures instead. His inspiration to draw such figures came from classic films and the

"Robert McCloskey"
Robert McCloskey John Robert McCloskey (September 14, 1914 – June 30, 2003) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. He wrote and also illustrated nine picture books, and won two Caldecott Medals from the American Library Association for the year's best-illustrated picture book. Four of the nine books were set in Maine: ""Blueberries for Sal"", ""One Morning in Maine"", ""Time of Wonder"", and ""Burt Dow, Deep-water Man""; the last three were all set on the coast. His best-known work is ""Make Way For Ducklings"", set in Boston. In longer works, he both wrote and illustrated ""Homer Price"" and

"Where's Wally? (book)"
Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the ""Where's Wally?"" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader (which are the pictures in the book), and the reader must locate Wally in the postcard. The book became an instant best-seller. ""Where's Wally?"" was re-released in October 1997 in a special 10th anniversary edition form. The location of Wally was changed in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find

"Picture book"
Waldo?"" in the United States and Canada) series by the British illustrator Martin Handford. The books were translated into many languages and the franchise also spawned a TV series, a comic strip and a series of video games. Since 1989 over 20 books have been created in the ""Elmer the Patchwork Elephant"" series by the British author David McKee. They have been translated in 40 languages and adapted into a children's TV series. In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children's book illustration published in the year. The Caldecott Medal

bikini top in the 1997 special edition release. A similar happening occurs in ""The Campsite"" where children open a tent on a man while he is undressing. In the original, although his genitals are blocked from view by his hand, he is clearly naked. In the 1997 special release, however, he is wearing white briefs. Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the ""Where's Wally?"" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader

"Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday"
Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday is a graphic novel from Gestalt Publishing written by Alex Cox and illustrated by Christopher Bones and Justin Randall. It is a sequel to the 1984 cult film ""Repo Man"". The sequel to ""Repo Man"" was planned as far back as 1997 and filming started but was never completed. The making of it is featured in the documentary ""A Texas Tale of Treason"". Cox afterward made another semi-sequel called ""Repo Chick"" but the original sequel remained as a script on Cox's website. Christopher Bones stumbled across it while working on another project and contacted

"Where's Wally?"
21 September 1987. The ""Where's Wally?"" books were published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books and in the United States under the title ""Where's Waldo?"" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. The books became extremely popular and were localised for many different territories, with name changes for Wally in certain regions. The franchise also spawned other media in a more storyline-based form, including , a comic strip and a series of video

"Beyblade Burst"
English subtitled version began streaming on Daisuki in the United States on December 27, 2016 until the website went defunct in 2017. and on Pop Max in the United Kingdom on October 9, 2017. Hasbro and Sunrights are launching the toyline outside of Japan. Toys R Us started distributing the toys in Canada in September 2016 and Hasbro started distributing the toys in the United States in January 2017. Beyblade Burst The story revolves around Valt Aoi and his classmates as they fight their way through tournaments with their eyes set on the title of ""World's #1 Blader""! Valt Aoi,

grew up in nature. After battling Valt Aoi, he became inspired to become the No.1 Blader in the world, along with his beyblade, Z Achilles. He aims to fight strong opponents in an effort to become stronger himself. To defeat Valt Aoi and become the World Champion, Aiger begins his journey. Age:13 <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> An English dub of the anime premiered on Teletoon in Canada on September 10, 2016 and on Disney XD on October 2. The dub premiered on 9Go! in Australia on December 5, 2016 and on Disney XD in the United States on December 19, 2016. An

"Dragon Ball FighterZ"
Dragon Ball FighterZ Dragon Ball FighterZ is a 2D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. Based on the ""Dragon Ball"" franchise, it was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows in most regions in January 2018, and in Japan the following month, and was released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch in September 2018. ""Dragon Ball FighterZ"" received positive reviews from critics, with many citing the game as one of the best fighting games released in the eighth generation of video game consoles. The game's fighting system, character roster, visuals and

H1Z1
Twin Galaxies to create a sustainable, professional eSports league for the game. The game was fully released out of early access on February 28, 2018, with updates to scoring, combat, weapons, gameplay, UI a new gamemode, Auto Royale. The update also launched ""Season 1"", introducing a new updated scoring system that rewards players who get kills and place well in matches consistently. A week after release, it was announced that the game would be going back to free-to-play. It was released in early access for the PlayStation 4 on May 22, 2018, gaining over ten million players in over a

"Mazinger Z"
after the events of the original series. It was animated by Toei Animation and directed by Junji Shimizu and written by Takahiro Ozawa. It is released theatrically in Japan on January 13, 2018. Viz Media licensed the film for its theatrical release outside Japan. In the 1980s, on behalf of Dynamic Planning, Masami Ōbari and other independent animators ( Toshiki Hirano ) not part of Toei Animation began work on a miniseries of ""Mazinger Z"". The OVA (Original Video Animation) would have been called ""Dai-Mazinger"" (or ""Daimajinga"", 大魔神我) and would have presented the same characters known to the general public,

"Super Smash Bros."
where it was also announced that it would contain all playable characters from every previous game. The game was released worldwide on December 7, 2018; according to the review aggregator platform Metacritic, it received ""universal critical acclaim"" from critics. Additional characters include the Inklings from ""Splatoon"", Ridley, King K. Rool, , and third party character Simon Belmont as well as Echo Fighters Princess Daisy (based on Peach), Richter Belmont (based on Simon), Chrom (based on Roy), Ken (based on Ryu), and Dark Samus (based on Samus). Gameplay in the ""Super Smash Bros."" series differs from many fighting games. Instead of

"Strange Brigade"
Dead"" and Rebellion's own ""Zombie Army Trilogy"", while the story and the game's tone were inspired by the adventure serials released in the 1930s. Announced on June 7, 2017, the game was released on August 28, 2018. Players who pre-ordered the game were given access to the ""Secret Service Weapons"" pack, while those who purchased the Digital Deluxe edition have access to the game's season pass and other post-launch content for free. There is also a Collector's Edition which contains physical items such as an airship model and an artbook. According to review aggregator Metacritic, the PC and PlayStation 4

"Monster Strike"
titled ""Monster Strike the Movie: Sora no Kanata"", was released on October 5, 2018 in Japan. ""Monster Strike"" has been compared to competitor ""Puzzle & Dragons"" and other freemium puzzle games in that the player battles waves of monsters to collect them, fuse them, and evolve them and earn gold and other items through gameplay to get stronger monsters, and build a list of friends with monsters to use as well. What sets it apart is that rather than being a tile-matching video game, the player aims and flicks their monsters around on a field, similar to billiards/pool, bumping off

Beyblade
8, 2001, to December 24, 2001. The second, ""Beyblade V-Force"", ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002, until December 30, 2002. ""Beyblade G-Revolution"", the third and final adaptation, also spanned 52 episodes (the last two episodes were released together as a double-length special in Japan) and aired from January 6, 2003, until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. Hasbro Studios and Nelvana Limited licensed the anime for an English-language release. On November 30, 2018, Discotek Media licensed the anime for SD Blu-ray releases starting with Season 1 for a January 29, 2019 release. Takara Tomy developed the ""Beyblade""

"Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario"
Dykstra resigned on January 28, 2018. He indicated that it was time for ""someone else to lead us through the hard work"". Shortly afterwards, ""Maclean's"" magazine revealed allegations of sexual assault against Dykstra, stemming from a 2014 incident when Dykstra was a federal MP. Several other key party and campaign staffers were dismissed or their positions eliminated due to a ""reorganization"" in the days after Brown's resignation. On March 10, 2018, Doug Ford, former city councillor and the brother of the late former Mayor of Toronto Rob Ford, was elected as leader of the PC Party, narrowly defeating runner-up Christine

Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (), often shortened to Ontario PC Party, PC, or Conservatives, is a centre-right to right wing conservative political party in Ontario, Canada. The party has been led by Premier Doug Ford since March 10, 2018. It has governed the province for 80 of the years since Confederation, including an uninterrupted run from 1943 to 1985. It currently holds a majority government in the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Ontario PC Party is a centre-right conservative political party. Its beliefs and policies have been described as fiscally conservative, capitalist and

"Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election, 2018"
he announced that he would not be running for the permanent leadership after all in order to focus on his duties as interim leader and correcting organizational problems within the party in the run up to the general election. Endorsements Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election, 2018 The 2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election was held on March 10, 2018, due to the resignation of party leader Patrick Brown on January 25, 2018, following allegations of sexual misconduct. Winner Doug Ford narrowly defeated runner-up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points. The Progressive

Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points, although Elliot had more votes. Due to not having a seat in the legislature, Ford chose to have Vic Fedeli remain as Leader of the Opposition prior to the 2018 election. The Ontario PC Party's 2018 platform was named the Plan For The People. Policy promises included: On June 7, 2018, Ford led the party to a majority government. The PC Party won 76 of 124 seats and 40.5% of the vote. The party was known as the Liberal-Conservative Association of Ontario from 1867 to 1942, and then as the

Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 1942 to present. Party Executive as of November 18, 2018. The Presidents of the PC Women in Politics, Ontario PC Campus Association and the Ontario PC Youth Association are not showing on the party's executive page at this time. However, they are still members of the executive. Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (), often shortened to Ontario PC Party, PC, or Conservatives, is a centre-right to right wing conservative political party in Ontario, Canada. The party has been led by Premier Doug Ford since March 10, 2018. It

remained committed to spending $1 billion to build Hamilton's light rail transit system. Her platform would have had a small deficit to pay for her promises. Endorsements Patrick Brown, (2019)-(1978)-((07)<(05)or(07)==(05)and(23)<(26)), is the MPP for Simcoe North (2015–2018 as a Progressive Conservative and 2018–present as an independent) and a former Conservative MP for Barrie (2006–2015). He was the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 2015 until his 2018 resignation triggered this leadership election. Brown was expelled from the PC caucus hours before registering his candidacy on February 16, 2018. On February 21, 2018 the party's nominations committee approved

said ""there should be security cameras on the servers"". Past leadership candidate Frank Klees said he had grave concerns about the integrity of the vote. Nipissing MPP Vic Fedeli was elected as interim leader by the PC parliamentary caucus in a unanimous vote on January 26, 2018. Caucus had favoured having the interim leader lead the party in the election campaign but the party executive opted to hold a leadership election prior to the general election. Christine Elliott, (2019)-(1955)-((07)<(04)or(07)==(04)and(23)<(13)), is the former non-partisan Patient Ombudsman for Ontario (2016–2018), a past PC leadership candidate (2009 and 2015) and former MPP (Whitby—Ajax

Hamilton Police Service investigation for alleged fraud and also the same day that the Integrity Commissioner announced an investigation of Brown's travel expenses and other alleged financial improprieties. Endorsements Vic Fedeli, (2019)-(1956)-((07)<(8)or(07)==(8)and(23)<(8)), was the Interim Leader (2018), Finance Critic and MPP for Nippissing (2011–present), past leadership candidate (2015) and former mayor of North Bay, Ontario (2003–2010). Fedeli told reporters that he will ""let my name stand for leader of our party"". After the party executive announced its decision to schedule a leadership election in March, Fedeli reiterated his intention to run for the permanent leadership. On January 30, 2018, however,

January 25, 2018 to determine whether to have the next Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election before the provincial election, and if so how it will proceed, or whether to have the interim leader lead the party into the election. Vic Fedeli, Nipissing MPP and former mayor of North Bay, was chosen as interim leader by caucus on January 26, 2018. The Party held a leadership convention on March 10, 2018. Fideli's first major task as interim leader was to investigate the allegations of questionable spending on lawsuits and unsubstantiated favours to allies during Brown's tenure. Party president Rick

Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election, 2018 The 2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election was held on March 10, 2018, due to the resignation of party leader Patrick Brown on January 25, 2018, following allegations of sexual misconduct. Winner Doug Ford narrowly defeated runner-up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election was scheduled for 3 months before the 2018 provincial election scheduled for June 7. It came after a turbulent year of disputed and allegedly fraudulent nominations contests across the province for local PC candidates.

"William Jackson Harper"
William Jackson Harper William Fitzgerald Harper (born February 8, 1980), known professionally as William Jackson Harper, is an American actor. He stars as Chidi Anagonye on the NBC comedy ""The Good Place"". William Fitzgerald Harper was born on February 8, 1980, in Dallas, Texas. He graduated from the College of Santa Fe in 2003. He changed his name from William Fitzgerald Harper to William Jackson Harper due to union rules on stage names: ""I just took my mom's maiden name and put that in the middle, which was nice, to be able to honor both of my parents."" Harper made

appeared in stage productions of ""Ruined"" and ""An Octoroon"". William Jackson Harper William Fitzgerald Harper (born February 8, 1980), known professionally as William Jackson Harper, is an American actor. He stars as Chidi Anagonye on the NBC comedy ""The Good Place"". William Fitzgerald Harper was born on February 8, 1980, in Dallas, Texas. He graduated from the College of Santa Fe in 2003. He changed his name from William Fitzgerald Harper to William Jackson Harper due to union rules on stage names: ""I just took my mom's maiden name and put that in the middle, which was nice, to be

"The Good Place"
The Good Place The Good Place is an American fantasy-comedy television series created by Michael Schur. The series premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is introduced by Michael (Ted Danson) to ""The Good Place"", a highly selective Heaven-like utopia he designed, as a reward for her righteous life. She realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior and try to become a better, more ethical person. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil and Manny Jacinto co-star

Jackson Harper was cast as Chris on February 11, 2016, though the character was renamed Chidi. Jameela Jamil was cast as Tessa on February 25, 2016, and her character was renamed Tahani. On March 3, 2016, Manny Jacinto was revealed to have been cast as a ""sweet and good-natured Jason"" whose ""dream is to make a living as a DJ in Southern Florida"". On March 14, 2016, D'Arcy Carden was cast in a series regular role that was announced as ""Janet Della-Denunzio, a violin salesperson with a checkered past"" – although writer Megan Amram later admitted that this was an

the then-untitled show a 13-episode order based purely on a pitch by Michael Schur. On January 12, 2016, it was announced that Kristen Bell and Ted Danson had been cast in the lead roles for the series. The first synopsis of the show was also released, stating that the show was set to revolve around Eleanor designing her own self-improvement course with Michael acting as her guide – although the afterlife element had always been a part of the series, as Kristen Bell has stated she was aware of the first-season finale twist when she signed onto the show. William

""a salve for despair in the Trump era"". The Good Place The Good Place is an American fantasy-comedy television series created by Michael Schur. The series premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is introduced by Michael (Ted Danson) to ""The Good Place"", a highly selective Heaven-like utopia he designed, as a reward for her righteous life. She realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior and try to become a better, more ethical person. William

the people who are there are from every country and religion."" Schur also points out that the setting (shot in San Marino, California's Huntington Gardens) already had the feeling of a pastiche of different cultures, stating that the neighborhoods will feature people who are part of nondenominational and interdenominational backgrounds that interact with each other regardless of religion. The series' setting and premises, as well as the serialized cliffhangers, were modeled on ""Lost"", a favorite of Schur’s. One of the first people he called when he developed the series was ""Lost"" co-creator Damon Lindelof. ""I took him to lunch and

"Good (film)"
in 1981, agreed to play the lead. The film was shot entirely on location in Budapest in 2007. The film was poorly received by critics and its release was limited. It currently holds a 33% Rotten rating on RottenTomatoes. Good (film) Good is a 2008 drama film based on the stage play of the same name by C. P. Taylor. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Jason Isaacs, and Jodie Whittaker, and was directed by Vicente Amorim. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2008. ""Good"" is the story of John Halder (Mortensen), a German literature professor

they are entirely incompatible and thus come to the conclusion that ""hell is other people"". The only actors who knew the truth from the start were Danson and Bell. Critics have also suggested resemblances to 1960s surreal TV show ""The Prisoner"" in its isolated, rule-bound setting. The series premiered on September 19, 2016. On January 30, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes, which premiered on Wednesday, September 20, 2017, with an hour-long premiere before moving to its normal time slot on Thursday at 8:30 pm, beginning September 28, 2017. On November 21, 2017, NBC

Good (film) Good is a 2008 drama film based on the stage play of the same name by C. P. Taylor. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Jason Isaacs, and Jodie Whittaker, and was directed by Vicente Amorim. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2008. ""Good"" is the story of John Halder (Mortensen), a German literature professor in the 1930s, who is reluctant at first to accept the ideas of the Nazi Party. He is pulled in different emotional directions by his wife, his mother, his mistress (Whittaker) and his Jewish friend (Isaacs). Eventually Halder gives

"Kristiaan Yeo"
Kristiaan Yeo Kristiaan Yeo is a television journalist currently employed by CCTV News for CCTV America, as the network's Toronto correspondent. He is the first and only English-language resident correspondent to cover Canada for Chinese state television. In 2013, Kristiaan reported from the polar bear capital of the world, Churchill, Manitoba for a series on climate change and in 2012 reported from Tahrir Square during the Egyptian presidential election, 2012 Prior to joining CCTV News, Kristiaan was part of the on-air team during the 2012 Summer Olympics for BBC London. He was the station's newsreader during Danny Baker's notorious final

"CBC Olympic broadcasts"
The gains were credited to a strong medal performance by Canada during the first 10 days of the Games, and notable performances by Penny Oleksiak and Andre De Grasse; ratings peaked during the men's 100 metre final, featuring De Grasse and world record holder Usain Bolt, which was seen by 6.92 million viewers. CBC Olympic broadcasts The broadcasts of Summer and Winter Olympic Games produced by CBC Sports is shown on CBC Television and heard on CBC's radio networks in Canada. CBC was the broadcaster of the 2014, 2016, and 2018 Olympics. The first telecast of the Olympics on Canadian

"Adrienne Arsenault"
Adrienne Arsenault Adrienne Arsenault (born April 24, 1967) is a senior correspondent with CBC News and one of the four anchors of ""The National"" beginning November 2017. Arsenault joined the CBC in 1991, as an editorial assistant and night assignment editor for CBC Toronto. She has had numerous other positions with the CBC. She spent three years as the foreign correspondent in Jerusalem. In 2006 she succeeded Don Murray as the chief London correspondent. In 2008 she was part of a small group of Western reporters who were allowed into Zimbabwe to report on that year's election in the country.

1152, Magic 105.4. Kristiaan Yeo Kristiaan Yeo is a television journalist currently employed by CCTV News for CCTV America, as the network's Toronto correspondent. He is the first and only English-language resident correspondent to cover Canada for Chinese state television. In 2013, Kristiaan reported from the polar bear capital of the world, Churchill, Manitoba for a series on climate change and in 2012 reported from Tahrir Square during the Egyptian presidential election, 2012 Prior to joining CCTV News, Kristiaan was part of the on-air team during the 2012 Summer Olympics for BBC London. He was the station's newsreader during Danny

"Lynda Baquero"
received a Bachelor of Arts degree in broadcast journalism. In addition to English, she is also fluent in both Spanish and French. Lynda Baquero Lynda Baquero (born January 16, 1967) is an American correspondent for WNBC news in New York City. Baquero has filed numerous reports for the station both at home and abroad, including a trip to Puerto Rico where she filed stories on the island’s economy and tourism. She also has provided coverage of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Traveling through the Caribbean to such places

"Damien Cox"
Damien Cox Damien Cox (born August 23, 1961 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a journalist, broadcaster and author based in Toronto. Currently, he writes two columns a week for The Toronto Star, who he has written for since 1985, and was the co-host of Prime Time Sports with Bob McCown on Sportsnet The Fan 590. Cox also writes for Sportsnet.ca on hockey. He has covered the NHL and the Toronto Maple Leafs as a reporter and columnist for over 28 years, as well as the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics, and many other international hockey events. Cox has worked

"Brian Williams (sportscaster)"
Brian Williams (sportscaster) Brian Williams, (born July 18, 1946) is a Canadian sportscaster who is best known for his coverage of the Olympic Games. Williams' father was a physician. His father's work caused the Williams family to relocate to such places as Invermere, British Columbia; New Haven, Connecticut; Edmonton, Alberta; Hamilton, Ontario (where he graduated from Westdale Secondary School); Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan and Grand Rapids, Michigan (where he graduated from Aquinas College with a B.A. in history & political science in 1969). After graduating, he spent a year as a teacher at a Grand Rapids school. Williams began his

"Jim Lampley"
five grandchildren. Lampley is the former owner of two restaurants in Utah, both of which were named the ""Lakota Restaurant and Bar"". Lampley runs a production company which operates under a first-look deal with HBO. Jim Lampley James Lampley (born April 8, 1949) is an American sportscaster, news anchor, film producer, and restaurant owner. Lampley has covered a record 14 Olympic Games on U.S. television, most recently the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Lampley was born in Hendersonville, North Carolina. His father died when he was five. His mother immersed him in sports to make up for what she

most polluted city in the world according to world health organization

"Air pollution in Delhi"
Air pollution in Delhi The air quality in Delhi, the capital of India, according to a WHO survey of 1600 world cities, is the worst of any major city in the world.<ref name=""GARDINER HARRIS, 14/2""></ref> Air pollution in India is estimated to kill 1.5 million people every year; it is the fifth largest killer in India. India has the world's highest death rate from chronic respiratory diseases and asthma, according to the WHO. In Delhi, poor quality air irreversibly damages the lungs of 2.2 million or 50 percent of all children. Air quality index of Delhi is generally Moderate (101-200)

"Timeline of the SARS outbreak"
31, Singapore is removed from WHO's list of 'Infected Areas'. On June 23, Hong Kong is removed from WHO's list of 'Affected Areas'. The three places left on the list are Toronto, Beijing, and Taiwan. On June 27, the World Health Organization said the world population should be SARS-free within the next two to three weeks, but warned the disease could emerge in China next winter. On July 5, WHO declared the SARS outbreak contained and removed Taiwan from the list of affected areas. There have been no new cases for 20 days although around 200 people are still hospitalized

"Environmental issues in Kolkata"
Environmental issues in Kolkata Kolkata, historically known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. There are many environmental issues in Kolkata, severely affecting its biophysical environment as well as human health. Air pollution, water pollution, garbage, and pollution of the natural environment are prevalent in Kolkata. According to data released in 2009 by the Scientific and Environmental Research Institute, atmospheric suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Kolkata was 511. This made Kolkata the most polluted metropolitan city in India, followed respectively by Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. In a 6-years long study completed in 2007, the Chittaranjan

"Global health"
Antiretroviral drugs prolong life and delay the onset of AIDS by minimizing the amount of HIV in the body. Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by the parasites of the genus ""Plasmodium"". Symptoms may include fever, headaches, chills, and nausea. Each year, there are approximately 500 million cases of malaria worldwide, most commonly among children and pregnant women in developing countries. The WHO African Region carries a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. In 2016, the region was home to 90% of malaria cases and 91% of malaria deaths. The use of insecticide-treated bednets is a cost-effective

According to the World Health Organization's 2005 World Health Report, poor maternal conditions are the fourth leading cause of death for women worldwide, after HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. Most maternal deaths and injuries can be prevented, and such deaths have been largely eradicated in the developed world. Targets for improving maternal health include increasing the number of deliveries accompanied by skilled birth attendants. 68 low-income countries tracked by the WHO- and UNICEF-led collaboration ""Countdown to 2015"" are estimated to hold for 97% of worldwide maternal and child deaths. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has highlighted the global nature of human health and

"Diseases of poverty"
clean drinking water and poor sanitation. Many poverty related diseases such as diarrhea acquire and spread as a result of inadequate access to clean drinking water. According to UNICEF, 3,000 children die every day, worldwide due to contaminated drinking water and poor sanitation. Although the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the number of people who did not have access to clean water by 2015, was reached five years ahead of schedule in 2010, there are still 783 million people who rely on unimproved water sources. In 2010 the United Nations declared access to clean water a fundamental human right,

"Air pollution in India"
early deaths occurred from air pollution-related diseases in 2010. According to a WHO study, 13 of the 20 most-polluted cities in the world are in India; however, the accuracy and methodology of the WHO study was questioned by the Government of India. Over a million Indians die prematurely every year due to air pollution, according to the non-profit Health Effects Institute. Over two million children -- half the children in Delhi -- have abnormalities in their lung function, according to the Delhi Heart and Lung Institute. With the last 15 years of economic development and regulatory reforms, India has made

past exposure to child maltreatment or witnessing violence between parents, harmful use of alcohol, attitudes accepting of violence and gender inequality. Equality of women has been addressed in the Millennium development goals. Approximately 80% of deaths linked to non-communicable diseases occur in developing countries.For instance, urbanization and aging have led to increasing poor health conditions related to non-communicable diseases in India. The fastest-growing causes of disease burden over the last 26 years were diabetes (rate increased by 80%) and ischemic heart disease (up 34%). More than 60% of deaths, about 6.1 million, in 2016 were due to NCDs, up from

"Human overpopulation"
of marine pollution when dumped back into the oceans at high temperatures."" The world's largest desalination plant is the Jebel Ali Desalination Plant (Phase 2) in the United Arab Emirates, which can produce 300 million cubic metres of water per year, or about 2500 gallons per second. The largest desalination plant in the US is the one at Tampa Bay, Florida, which began desalinating 25 million gallons (95000 m³) of water per day in December 2007. A 17 January 2008, article in the ""Wall Street Journal"" states, ""Worldwide, 13,080 desalination plants produce more than 12 billion gallons of water a

"Pollution in China"
the local economy that is highly reliant on heavy industry. The Financial Times interviewed a worker who stated, “if this steel mill didn’t exist, we wouldn’t even have anywhere to go to eat. Everything revolves around this steel factory – our children work here."" As of 2004: According to the National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, 7 of the 10 most air polluted cities in the world are in China, including Taiyuan, Beijing, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang. Pollution in China Pollution in China is one aspect of the broader

"Public sector"
Public sector The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service.

borderline form is as follows: Public sector The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the

Public enterprises, or state-owned enterprises, are self-financing commercial enterprises that are under public ownership which provide various private goods and services for sale and usually operate on a commercial basis. Organizations that are not part of the public sector are either a part of the private sector or voluntary sector. The private sector is composed of the economic sectors that are intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise. The voluntary, civic or social sector concerns a diverse array of non-profit organizations emphasizing civil society. The organization of the public sector can take several forms, including: A

"Private sector"
Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are in the private sector. In free enterprise countries, such as the United

This has resulted in many human rights violations across the United States. Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are

States of America, the private sector is wider, and places fewer constraints on firms. In countries with more government authority, such as China, the public sector makes up most of the economy. States legally regulate the private sector. Businesses operating within a country must comply with the laws in that country. In some cases, usually involving multinational corporations that can pick and choose their suppliers and locations based on their perception of the regulatory environment, local state regulations have resulted in uneven practices within one company. For example, workers in one country may benefit from strong labour unions, while workers

"Tertiary sector of the economy"
Tertiary sector of the economy The tertiary sector or service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The others are the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing), and the primary sector (raw materials). The service sector consists of the production of services instead of end products. Services (also known as ""intangible goods"") include attention, advice, access, experience, and affective labor. The production of information has long been regarded as a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector. The tertiary sector of industry involves the provision of

"Private sector development"
Private sector development Private Sector Development (PSD) is a term in the international development industry to refer to a range of strategies for promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in developing countries by building private enterprises. This could be through working with firms directly, with membership organisations to represent them, or through a range of areas of policy and regulation to promote functioning, competitive markets. Supporters argue that PSD is an important part of poverty reduction. Whether as workers, subsistence farmers or entrepreneurs, most poor people already participate in markets. Strengthening these markets in ways that secure higher incomes for

"Public sector undertakings in India"
Public sector undertakings in India A state-owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking (PSU) or a public sector enterprise. These companies are owned by the union government of India, or one of the many state or territorial governments, or both. The company stock needs to be majority-owned by the government to be a PSU. PSUs may be classified as central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) or state level public enterprises (SLPEs). In 1951 there were just five enterprises in the public sector in India, but in March 1991 this had increased to 246. CPSEs are companies in which

the direct holding of the Central Government or other CPSEs is 51% or more. They are administered by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. When India achieved independence in 1947, it was primarily an agricultural country with a weak industrial base. The national consensus was in favour of rapid industrialisation of the economy which was seen as the key to economic development, improving living standards and economic sovereignty. Building upon the Bombay Plan, which noted the requirement of government intervention and regulation, the first Industrial Policy Resolution announced in 1948 laid down broad contours of the strategy of

"Fargo (season 2)"
Fargo (season 2) The second season of ""Fargo"", an American anthology black comedy–crime drama television series created by Noah Hawley, premiered on October 12, 2015, on the basic cable network FX. Its principal cast consists of Kirsten Dunst, Patrick Wilson, Jesse Plemons, Jean Smart, and Ted Danson. The season had ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on December 14, 2015. As an anthology, each ""Fargo"" season possesses its own self-contained narrative, following a disparate set of characters in various settings. A prequel to the events in its first season, season two of ""Fargo"" takes place in the Upper Midwest

Ronald Reagan: Extended ""Fargo"" cut"", ""The True History of Crime in the Midwest"", and ""Skip Sprang TV Commercial"". Fargo (season 2) The second season of ""Fargo"", an American anthology black comedy–crime drama television series created by Noah Hawley, premiered on October 12, 2015, on the basic cable network FX. Its principal cast consists of Kirsten Dunst, Patrick Wilson, Jesse Plemons, Jean Smart, and Ted Danson. The season had ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on December 14, 2015. As an anthology, each ""Fargo"" season possesses its own self-contained narrative, following a disparate set of characters in various settings. A

review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the second season holds a 100% score based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 9.19 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads: ""Season two of ""Fargo"" retains all the elements that made the series an award-winning hit, successfully delivering another stellar saga powered by fascinating characters, cheeky cynicism, and just a touch of the absurd"". The season also holds the rare distinction of having each episode maintain a perfect 100% rating as well. Metacritic gives the season a score of 96, based on 33 reviews, indicating ""universal acclaim"". It was the highest rated

Fort Macleod. Initially, the weather posed a challenge for the production because it was too warm for snow. To solve this problem, the production crew brought snow to the set from nearby mountains. Continuing his services from the prior season, Dana Gonzales oversaw production of the show's second season. The cinematographer took cues from William Eggleston to develop a retro visual palette. To achieve this quality, Gonzales relied on vintage practical lighting technology, and captured scenes with an Arri ALEXA camera, retrofitted with vintage Cooke lenses. In one section of Calgary where they were filming, production staff replaced each sodium-lamp

acclaim and was cited as one of the strongest programs of the 2015 television season. It was a candidate for a multitude of awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series and Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film, and won several other honors recognizing outstanding achievement in acting, directing, writing, cinematography, editing, special effects, and creative direction. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Details of a new season first emerged in the media following a Television Critics Association (TCA) press event, and by July 21, 2014, FX commissioned ten episodes for ""Fargo"" second season. As an anthology, each season of

gained 30 pounds in preparation for his role. Other major supporting roles in ""Fargo"" second season include: Bruce Campbell as Ronald Reagan, Keir O'Donnell as Ben Schmidt, and Elizabeth Marvel as Constance Heck. Preliminary scouting was well underway by the time ""Fargo"" was renewed. Principal photography began in Calgary, Alberta on January 19, 2015, and took 85 days. The city's central business district and Kensington neighborhood doubled for Kansas City, Sioux Falls, and Luverne. Production crew constructed the Waffle Hut set on the CL Ranch in neighboring Springbank. Elsewhere in the area, shooting took place in Didsbury, High River, and

""Fargo"" is engineered to have a self-contained narrative, following a disparate set of characters in various settings. Noah Hawley and his team of writers used the second season to expand the scope of the show's storytelling—from its narrative to its characters. They increased the show's cast of core characters to five, each with interconnecting arcs and different viewpoints of the central story. Hawley wanted viewers to sympathize with characters they might not feel empathy for in real life. The producers at one point discussed revisiting a modern period for their story. Ultimately, their vision—inspired by ""Miller's Crossing"" (1990) and ""The

in March 1979. It follows the lives of a young couple—Peggy (Dunst) and Ed Blumquist (Plemons)—as they attempt to cover up the hit and run and murder of Rye Gerhardt (Kieran Culkin), the son of Floyd Gerhardt (Smart), matriarch of the Gerhardt crime family. During this time, Minnesota state trooper Lou Solverson (Wilson), and Rock County sheriff Hank Larsson (Danson), investigate three murders linked to Rye. Hawley and his writing team used the second season to expand the scope of the show's storytelling. Season two's episodes were shot in Calgary, Alberta over an 85-day period. The series received widespread critical

by Black Sabbath in the opening scenes of the season finale received acclaim. Russo also recorded music with the University of Southern California (USC) marching band at Hawley's request. ""Fargo"" premiered to 1.59 million U.S. viewers; 609,000 were in the 18–49 demographic. Viewership was down by 40% after the series premiere, and 19% from the season one finale. From then on, ratings for the second season fell in the 1.13 to the 1.32 million range until the final episode, which peaked with 1.82 million viewers. ""Fargo"" was considered among the best television shows of 2015 by the American press. On

film. So [my wife and agent] were like, 'You need to do something that people see'."" Danson found learning the Minnesota accent difficult; to improve, he began practicing as soon as he was signed, often on set before filming began. Smart's role required an older look, which producers achieved by cutting and dyeing her hair, and Hawley gave the actress a book of paintings by Andrew Wyeth to explain her character. An ensemble of 20 actors make up the bulk of the series' cast. Hawley found ensembles enticing because they presented ""a lot of really good moving pieces"". At Paleyfest

"Xanthorrhoea australis"
Xanthorrhoea australis Xanthorrhoea australis, the Grass-tree, Southern grasstree, Austral grasstree or Black Boy is an Australian plant. It is the most commonly seen species of the genus ""Xanthorrhoea"". Its trunk can grow up to several metres tall and is often branched. In certain Aboriginal languages, it is called Bukkup, Baggup or Kawee. In Xanthorrhoeas, the main way to identify them is by looking at the cross-section of the leaves. In the case of the ""X. australis"", the cross-section is a rough diamond shape, and the colour of the leaves is a bluish-green. The species usually develops a rough trunk which

"Asparagus falcatus"
can grow up through. It can easily be propagated by seed, although it can also be grown from cuttings/trucheons. Asparagus falcatus Asparagus falcatus (Sicklethorn, Large Forest Asparagus, Imblekazana or Doringtou) is a large, thorny, climbing plant of the Asparagus genus, that is indigenous to South Africa and Mozambique. It is often grown as a security hedge in southern Africa. This local ""Asparagus"" species sends up long shoots (sometimes up to 7 meters high) from its base of roots and massive tubers. These shoots are initially soft and curl around branches or fences. However, they soon harden, and the downward-pointing thorns

Asparagus falcatus Asparagus falcatus (Sicklethorn, Large Forest Asparagus, Imblekazana or Doringtou) is a large, thorny, climbing plant of the Asparagus genus, that is indigenous to South Africa and Mozambique. It is often grown as a security hedge in southern Africa. This local ""Asparagus"" species sends up long shoots (sometimes up to 7 meters high) from its base of roots and massive tubers. These shoots are initially soft and curl around branches or fences. However, they soon harden, and the downward-pointing thorns help to hook the tendril onto its support - as well as providing defence. The leaves are dark-green, thin

"Myrsine africana"
Myrsine africana Myrsine africana, also called Cape myrtle, African boxwood or thakisa, is a species of shrub in the Primulaceae family. It is indigenous to Macaronesia, Africa and South Asia. It typically has dense, dark-green to red foliage and produces tiny bright purple berries. The shrub can achieve heights of over and may be dense if pruned or grown in strong sunlight. The fine-toothed leaves are at first deep red, but on maturity become glossy and dark green. The cream-coloured flowers appear in spring, with the male flowers boasting red anthers. Separate shrubs produce either male or female flowers, with

Curtisia
tree is protected in South Africa. This tree gets its common name from the African spear - the Zulu Assegai - which was traditionally made from this tree's strong wood. The Zulu would intentionally damage the tree's main trunk, causing the tree to coppice from its base. The straight, strong shoots of the coppice were used for the shafts of the spears. Its genus name, """"Curtisia"""", is from the botanist William Curtis (founder of ""The Botanical Magazine"") and """"dentata"""" is simply the Latin for ""toothed"", referring to the slightly serrated margins of its leaves. A medium to tall evergreen tree

"Podocarpus latifolius"
Pockets are naturally found further north in and around Zimbabwe. It is commonly found in afro-temperate forests and often in mountainous areas. In harsh or exposed areas it tends to become stunted, small and dense. It is a slow-growing tree but exceptionally long-lived, and is increasingly grown as an ornamental feature in South African gardens. The unusual texture of the foliage is a reason for its growing popularity. The bright edible berries attract birds, which spread the seed. The wood is hard, similar to yew wood, used for furniture, panelling, etc. Due to past over-exploitation, little is now cut. Podocarpus

"Cordyla africana"
Cordyla africana Cordyla africana Lour. is a tall (up to 25 m), deciduous African tree with a large, spreading, much-branched crown, and a bole of some 2.2 m dbh. It is a member of the large leguminous family Fabaceae, and is known as Wild Mango in some areas. It is found up to 1000m elevation in large river valleys, in miombo woodland and coastal swampy evergreen forest, mostly on sandy soils, along the eastern parts of central and southern Africa. It occurs in South Africa in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, the Kruger National Park, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Kenya

"Podocarpus elongatus"
as it is tall, and its foliage reaches very low, rougghly resembling a hut in habit. This is the only South African Yellowwood species that coppices when the trunk is damaged. It is a riverine species, and its ability to coppice is important to its survival in the event of its being levelled by floods or bushfires. It occurs only in South Africa, where it is restricted to the Breede River valley in the Western Cape and its range extends as far north as the Cedarberg mountains. It typically grows along rivers and on rocky outcrops in fynbos vegetation. As

Curtisia
Curtisia Curtisia dentata (commonly known as the Assegai tree or Cape lancewood, , , ) is a flowering tree from Southern Africa. It is the sole species in genus Curtisia, which was originally classed as a type of ""dogwood"" (""Cornaceae""), but is now placed in its own unique family Curtisiaceae. It is increasingly popular as an ornamental tree for gardens, with dark glossy foliage and sprays of pure white berries. The bark of this tree is a very popular component of traditional African medicine, leading to overexploitation and a decline in the species in some areas of South Africa. The

"Peltophorum africanum"
Other common names include Rhodesian blackwood, African blackwood, African wattle, African false wattle, Rhodesian wattle and Rhodesian black wattle. It is called Huilboom (i.e. weeping tree) in Afrikaans, due to the effects of the spittlebug. Peltophorum africanum The Weeping wattle (""Peltophorum africanum"") is a semi-deciduous to deciduous flowering tree growing to about 15 meters tall. It is native to Africa south of the equator. Their yellow flowers bloom on the ends of branches in upright, showy sprays. During spring time it may happen that water drips from the tree's branches, a phenomenon that is caused by the spittlebug ""Ptyelus grossus"".

"Jury trial"
judges in High Courts) men; and when the accused were European or American, at least half of the jurors had to be European or American men. The jury found no place in the 1950 Indian Constitution, and it was ignored in many Indian states. The Law Commission recommended its abolition in 1958 in its 14th Report. Jury trials were abolished in India in most courts except for Matrimonial Disputes of Parsis by a very discrete process during the 1960s, finishing with the 1973 Code of Criminal Procedure, which is still in force today. Parsis in India can legally use Jury

Jury
its 14th Report. Jury trials were abolished in India in most courts after the infamous ""KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra"" (1959) except for Matrimonial Disputes of Parsis by a very discrete process during the 1960s, finishing with the 1973 Code of Criminal Procedure, which is still in force today. In the ""Nanavati"" case, Kawas Manekshaw Nanavati was tried for the murder of his wife Sylvia's paramour, Prem Ahuja. Nanavati surrendered himself to the police after killing Ahuja. The incident shocked the nation, got unprecedented media coverage, and inspired several books and movies. The case was the last jury trial

in its 14th Report. Jury trials were abolished in India by a very discrete process during the 1960s, finishing with the 1973 Code of Criminal Procedure, which is still in force today. The 8:1 acquittal of Kawas Nanavati in ""K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra"" was overturned by higher courts on the grounds that the jury was misled by the presiding judge and were susceptible to media and public influence. A study by Elisabeth Kolsky argues that many ""perverse verdicts"" were delivered by white juries in trial of ""European British subjects"" charged with murder, assault, confinement of Indians. Judiciary

Jury
trial by jury in Hong Kong.’ Parsis in India can LEGALLY use Jury System to decide divorces wherein randomly selected members called `delegates` from the community decide the fact of the matrimonial disputes of Parsis. Jury system for Parsi Matrimonial dispute cases is a mix of Panchayat system and Jury system found in US etc. countries. The law which governs this is `The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936` as amended in 1988 The jury found no place in the 1950 Indian Constitution, and it was ignored in many Indian states. The Law Commission recommended its abolition in 1958 in

jury was obligatory only in the High Courts of the Presidency Towns; elsewhere, it was optional and rarely used. According sections 274 and 275 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the jury was composed from 3 (for smaller offences judged in session courts) to 9 (for severe offences judges in High Courts) men; and when the accused were British and European, at least half of the jurors had to be British and European men. The jury found no place in the 1950 Indian Constitution, and it was ignored in many Indian states. The Law Commission recommended its abolition in 1958

System to decide divorces wherein randomly selected members called 'delegates' from the community decide the fact of the matrimonial disputes of Parsis. Jury system for Parsi Matrimonial dispute cases is a mix of Panchayat system and Jury system found in US etc. countries. The law which governs this is 'The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936' as amended in 1988. The 8:1 acquittal of Kawas Nanavati in ""K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra"", was overturned by higher courts on the grounds that the jury was misled by the presiding judge and were susceptible to media and public influence. A

"Law of India"
Criminal Procedure, 1973 governs the procedural aspects of the criminal law. Jury trials were abolished by the government in 1960 on the grounds they would be susceptible to media and public influence. This decision was based on an 8-1 acquittal of Kawas Nanavati in ""K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra"", which was overturned by higher courts. In February 2011, the Supreme Court of India ruled that criminal defendants have a constitutional right to counsel. Capital punishment in India is legal. The last execution was conducted on February 28, 2017, when two women, Renuka Shinde and Seema Mohan Gavit, who

"Indian Evidence Act"
years since its enactment, the Indian Evidence Act has basically retained its original form except certain amendments from time to time. Amendments: The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2005 When India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the Act continued to be in force throughout the Republic of India and Pakistan, except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Then, the Act continues in force in India, but it was repealed in Pakistan in 1984 by the Evidence Order 1984 (also known as the ""Qanun-e-Shahadat""). It also applies to all judicial proceedings in the court, including the court martial. However, it does

"Disqualification of convicted representatives in India"
On 24 September, a few days before the fodder scam verdict, the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance. However, Rahul Gandhi, Vice-President of the Indian National Congress, made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting: ""It's complete nonsense. It should be torn up and thrown away."" Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi's comments indicated total confusion within the government, and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Within 5 days, both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October. On 1 October 2013, Rasheed Masood became the

also passed the 39th amendment, which sought to limit judicial review for the election of the prime minister; only a body constituted by parliament could review this election. Subsequently, the parliament, with most opposition members in jail during the emergency, passed the 42nd Amendment which prevented any court from reviewing any amendment to the constitution with the exception of procedural issues concerning ratification. A few years after the emergency, however, the supreme court rejected the absoluteness of the 42nd amendment and reaffirmed its power of judicial review in ""Minerva Mills v. Union of India"" (1980). After Indira Gandhi lost elections

measures, and President Bush signed the bill into law on November 25, 2002. It was the largest U.S. government reorganization in the 50 years since the United States Department of Defense was created. Tom Ridge was named secretary on January 24, 2003, and began naming his chief deputies. DHS officially began operations on January 24, 2003, but most of the department's component agencies were not transferred into the new Department until March 1. After establishing the basic structure of DHS and working to integrate its components and get the department functioning, Ridge announced his resignation on November 30, 2004, following

for viewers who are blind or have low vision. On March 1, 2004, the National Incident Management System (NIMS) was created. The stated purpose was to provide a consistent incident management approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments. Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, all federal departments were required to adopt the NIMS and to use it in their individual domestic incident management and emergency prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation program and activities. In December 2004, the National Response Plan (NRP) was created, in an attempt to align federal coordination structures, capabilities, and resources into a unified, all-discipline, and

Council and Central Intelligence Agency. DHS also constitutes the most diverse merger of federal functions and responsibilities, incorporating 22 government agencies into a single organization. The Department of Homeland Security was established on November 25, 2002, by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. It was intended to consolidate U.S. executive branch organizations related to ""homeland security"" into a single Cabinet agency. The following 22 agencies were incorporated into the new department: Prior to the signing of the bill, controversy about its adoption centered on whether the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency should be incorporated in part

were created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Homeland Security Council, similar in nature to the National Security Council, retains a policy coordination and advisory role and is led by the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security. As of January 13, 2011, the DHS advised the American public of an 'elevated national threat' level, recommending that all Americans 'should establish an emergency preparedness kit and emergency plan for themselves and their family, and stay informed about what to do during an emergency'. In response to the September 11 attacks, President George W. Bush announced the establishment of

"Homeland Security Act"
the Department of Homeland Security and other purposes. Each title is broken down into several sections, summarized below. The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), formed November 25, 2002 through the Homeland Security Act, is a Cabinet department composed of several different divisions that work to protect the United States from domestic and foreign terrorism. It was created as a response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. The Department of Homeland Security manages the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate. The directorate helps fulfill the Department's overarching goal: to keep America safe from terrorist attacks. The Department also works

Programs Directorate (NPPD) within DHS and established the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). A DHS press release dated June 6, 2003 explains the seal as follows: The seal was developed with input from senior DHS leadership, employees, and the U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The Ad Council – which partners with DHS on its Ready.gov campaign – and the consulting company Landor Associates were responsible for graphic design and maintaining heraldic integrity. Since its inception, the department has had its temporary headquarters in Washington, D.C.'s Nebraska Avenue Complex, a former naval facility. The site, across from American University, has

emergencies, particularly terrorism. On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border

32 buildings comprising of administrative space. In early 2007, the department submitted a $4.1 billion plan to Congress to consolidate its 60-plus Washington-area offices into a single headquarters complex at the St. Elizabeths Hospital campus in Anacostia, Southeast Washington, D.C. The earliest DHS would begin moving to St. Elizabeths is 2012. The move is being championed by District of Columbia officials because of the positive economic impact it will have on historically depressed Anacostia. The move has been criticized by historic preservationists, who claim the revitalization plans will destroy dozens of historic buildings on the campus. Community activists have criticized

or weak passwords. Basic security reviews were absent, and the department had apparently made deliberate attempts to delay publication of information about the flaws. The Associated Press reported on September 5, 2007, that DHS had scrapped an anti-terrorism data mining tool called ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement) after the agency's internal Inspector General found that pilot testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without required privacy safeguards in place. The system, in development at Lawrence Livermore and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory since 2003, has cost the agency $42 million to date. Controversy

"God Save the Queen"
God Save the Queen ""God Save the Queen"" (alternatively ""God Save the King"", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. ""God Save the Queen"" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their

unofficially. God Save the Queen ""God Save the Queen"" (alternatively ""God Save the King"", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. ""God Save the Queen"" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have

titled ""Official peace version, 1919"", was first published in the hymn book ""Songs of Praise"" in 1925. This was ""official"" in the sense that it was approved by the British Privy Council in 1919. However, despite being reproduced in some other hymn books, it is largely unknown today. Around 1745, anti-Jacobite sentiment was captured in a verse appended to the song, with a prayer for the success of Field Marshal George Wade's army then assembling at Newcastle. These words attained some short-term use, although they did not appear in the published version in the October 1745 ""Gentleman's Magazine"". This verse

then is another ""crescendo"" at ""over us:"" into the final words ""God save the Queen"". In the early part of the 20th century there existed a Military Band version in the higher key of B, because it was easier for brass instruments to play in that key, though it had the disadvantage of being more difficult to sing: however now most Bands play it in the correct key of G. Since 1953, the anthem is sometimes preceded by a fanfare composed by Gordon Jacob for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. There have been several attempts to improve the song

Nineteenth-century scholars and commentators mention the widespread belief that an old Scots carol, ""Remember O Thou Man"" was the source of the tune. The first published version of what is almost the present tune appeared in 1744 in ""Thesaurus Musicus"". The 1744 version of the song was popularised in Scotland and England the following year, with the landing of Charles Edward Stuart and was published in ""The Gentleman's Magazine"" (see illustration above). This manuscript has the tune depart from that which is used today at several points, one as early as the first bar, but is otherwise clearly a strong

the King! May the King live for ever, Amen"", has been sung at every coronation since that of King Edgar in 973. Scholes says that as early as 1545 ""God Save the King"" was a watchword of the Royal Navy, with the response being ""Long to reign over us"". He also notes that the prayer read in churches on anniversaries of the Gunpowder Plot includes words which might have formed part of the basis for the second verse ""Scatter our enemies...assuage their malice and confound their devices"". In 1745, ""The Gentleman's Magazine"" published ""God save our lord the king: A

Charles Burney and Sir Joseph Banks, proposed that the words were based on a Latin verse composed for King James II at the Chapel Royal. There is no definitive version of the lyrics. However, the version consisting of the three verses reproduced in the box on the right hand side has the best claim to be regarded as the ""standard"" British version, appearing not only in the 1745 ""Gentleman's Magazine"", but also in publications such as ""The Book of English Songs: From the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century"" (1851), ""National Hymns: How They Are Written and How They Are Not

of these verses are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal (which only includes verses one and three of the original lyrics). William Hickson's alternative (1836) version includes the following verses, of which the first, third, and fourth have some currency as they are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal. The fourth verse was sung after the traditional first verse at the Queen's Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002 and during the raising of the Union Flag during the closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics. A less militaristic version of the song,

certainly before the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. It was included as an integral part of the song in the ""Oxford Book of Eighteenth-Century Verse"" of 1926, although erroneously referencing the ""fourth verse"" to the ""Gentleman's Magazine"" article of 1745. On the opposing side, Jacobite beliefs were demonstrated in an alternative verse used during the same period: In May 1800, following an attempt to assassinate King George III at London's Drury Lane theatre, playwright Richard Sheridan immediately composed an additional verse, which was sung from the stage the same night: Various other

Happy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the king!</poem> ""God Save the Queen"" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Like many aspects of British constitutional life, its official status derives from custom and use, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament. In general, only one or two verses are sung, but on rare occasions, three. The variation in the UK of the lyrics to ""God Save the Queen"" is the oldest amongst those currently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth

"Derek Griffiths"
the past, he has won the Italian advertising Oscar for a series of comedy commercials. In the theatre, Griffiths has been particularly associated with the Royal Exchange, Manchester. His roles include: Derek Griffiths Derek Griffiths (born 15 July 1946) is a British actor who appeared in numerous British children's television series in the 1960s to present and has more recently played parts in TV drama. Griffiths was known in his early years for his ""Play School"" appearances alongside the likes of Chloe Ashcroft, Johnny Ball and Brian Cant. A talented multi-instrumentalist, he voiced over and sang the theme tune to

"Rich Keeble"
is also an acoustician. He is a Member of the Institute of Acoustics specializing in building acoustics. Rich Keeble Rich Keeble is a British actor, voiceover artist and musician. He has appeared in a number of television series, commercials and web series. He co-writes and co-stars in the award winning comedy web series ""All in the Method"". He also stars in the comedy web series ""Rich Keeble Vanity Project"" and ""Rules of Life"". His television credits include ""The Delivery Man"", ""Lee Nelson's Well Good Show"", ""Alan Carr's Summertime Specstacular"", ""Alan Carr's New Year Specstacular"", ""Fool Britannia"" (starring Dom Joly), and

Rich Keeble Rich Keeble is a British actor, voiceover artist and musician. He has appeared in a number of television series, commercials and web series. He co-writes and co-stars in the award winning comedy web series ""All in the Method"". He also stars in the comedy web series ""Rich Keeble Vanity Project"" and ""Rules of Life"". His television credits include ""The Delivery Man"", ""Lee Nelson's Well Good Show"", ""Alan Carr's Summertime Specstacular"", ""Alan Carr's New Year Specstacular"", ""Fool Britannia"" (starring Dom Joly), and ""Birds of a Feather"". In 2013 he appeared in a recurring ident on the BBC directed by

"Rafe Spall"
Rafe Spall Rafe Joseph Spall (born 10 March 1983) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the ""Three Flavours Cornetto"" trilogy of films, portraying Noel in ""Shaun of the Dead"" (2004), Andy Cartwright in ""Hot Fuzz"" (2007), and briefly appearing as a homebuyer in ""The World's End"" (2013). Additionally, Spall has appeared in films including ""A Good Year"" (2006), ""One Day"" (2011), ""Anonymous"" (2011), ""Prometheus"" (2012), ""Life of Pi"" (2012), ""The Big Short"" (2015), ""The BFG"" (2016), ""The Ritual"" (2017), and """" (2018). He played the title role of Pete Griffiths in ""Pete versus Life""

"Isaiah Mustafa"
Isaiah Mustafa Isaiah Amir Mustafa (born February 11, 1974) is an American actor and former football wide receiver. Mustafa is widely known as the main character in the series of Old Spice television commercials, The Man Your Man Could Smell Like. He is also known for portraying Luke Garroway on Freeform's fantasy series ""Shadowhunters"". Mustafa was born in Portland, Oregon to Shahidah Mustafa-Davis and John Wali Mustafa, who owned and ran a limousine service in Laguna Hills, California. He is the youngest of seven children. His father was killed when he fell asleep at the wheel late one night and

"John Comer"
John Comer John Comer (died 11 February 1984) was a British comic actor. He was best known for his roles in Coronation Street as Mr Birtles then as a Taxi Driver and later as Wilf Jones, in Emmerdale Farm as Ernie Shuttleworth, Les Brandon in ""I Didn't Know You Cared"" and Cafe Owner Sid in ""Last of the Summer Wine"" . Born and brought up in Stretford, Lancashire, Comer gained an engineering apprenticeship at Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford Park. Comer began his career performing a comedy routine around local social clubs and pubs in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1952, with his

"Ray Stubbs"
on the night, before being voted out by three of his fellow students so he could go home and recover. Stubbs also takes part in the Great North Run each year for charity, and is an honorary member of Gateshead Harriers. Ray Stubbs Raymond J. ""Ray"" Stubbs (born 1956) is an English broadcaster and former footballer. He is currently a presenter for Talksport having previously worked for the BBC and ESPN. Stubbs began his career as a professional footballer, leaving Calday Grange Grammar School to join Tranmere Rovers for five years, although he never made an appearance for the club.

"Glynn Edwards"
Glynn Edwards Glynn Edwards (2 February 1931 – 23 May 2018) was a British television and film actor, probably best known for his role as the barman in the ITV comedy-drama ""Minder"". Edwards was born in Penang, Malaya, on 2 February 1931. His father, who spent little time on him, was a rubber planter at the time of his birth and died later in 1946. His mother died shortly after his birth and he was raised first by his grandparents in Southsea, Hampshire, and then by his father and stepmother, who ran a pub in Salisbury, Wiltshire. Edwards attended Clayesmore

"Spice World (film)"
was originally cast as the tour bus driver, but withdrew after a security guard prevented his son Franklin having an on-set photo taken with the girls. Mentions of Princess Diana and scenes including the designer Gianni Versace had to be edited out in post-production following their deaths before the release of the film. The film reunited Meat Loaf and Richard O'Brien, who co-starred in the 1975 classic film ""The Rocky Horror Picture Show"". The film also reunited O'Brien and Barry Humphries, who costarred in the ""Rocky Horror"" follow-up, ""Shock Treatment"" (1981). ""Their company rang me up and asked if I

"Dennis Waterman"
tunes for at least four of the programmes in which he has starred, namely for ""Minder"", ""New Tricks"", ""On the Up"" and ""Stay Lucky"". It is common to misattribute the ""Minder"" theme tune (""I Could Be So Good for You"") to Dennis Waterman. Although he was the singer on the theme song, it was written by his then partner Patricia Maynard and Gerard Kenny. In November 2006, Waterman made a guest appearance in a ""Little Britain"" stage show, alongside the comedy character version of himself. Dennis Waterman Dennis Waterman (born 24 February 1948) is an English actor and singer, best

"Voter ID laws in the United States"
Voter ID laws in the United States Voter ID laws in the United States are laws that require a person to provide some form of official identification before they are permitted to register to vote, receive a ballot for an election, or to actually vote in elections in the United States. At the federal level, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 requires voter ID for all new voters in federal elections who registered by mail and who did not provide a driver's license number or the last four digits of a Social Security number that was matched against government

"Identity documents in the United States"
U.S. Department of State to U.S. nationals only upon voluntary application. Issuance of these documents is discretionary - that is, for various reasons, the State Department can refuse an application for a passport or passport card. The driver's license, which is issued by each individual state, operates as the ""de facto"" national identity card due to the ubiquity of driving in the United States. Each state also issues a non-driver state identity card which fulfills the same identification functions as the driver's license, but does not permit the operation of a motor vehicle. Social Security cards have federal jurisdiction but

which is required to drive. Each state's DMV can also issue a state identification card. It does not contain any endorsements to operate vehicles and can be used as official identification where asked for or needed. In addition to verifying driving privileges, drivers' licenses are used to purchase automobile insurance or during a police traffic stop and serve as the primary form of identity for American adults. They are widely used by both government entities and private businesses to verify identity or age, such as in entering secure government facilities, boarding a commercial airliner, business transactions, or in the purchase

student. Educational institutions now request the SSN at first contact as required by other federal laws and assign their own unique number to each person to maintain the individual’s privacy as required. Other laws require the SSN be associated with interest-bearing accounts, interest-paying loans, most public assistance programs, and state-issued identification, e.g. driver’s licenses. To reduce the incidence of identity theft, several states have passed laws that require institutions using the SSN to assign their own identifier numbers to individuals, and prohibit them from using the SSN as a primary key. A driver's license is issued by each state's DMV,

outside their homes, there is no legal requirement that they must carry their licenses when not operating a vehicle. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that states are permitted to require people to truthfully state their name when a police officer asks them; about half of the states have enacted some variant of stop and identify statutes requiring compliance with such police inquiries. In some states, such as California, failure to produce an identification document upon citation for ""any"" traffic infraction (such as riding a bicycle on the wrong side of a street) is sufficient justification for full custodial

of age-restricted items such as alcoholic beverages or cigarettes. Drivers' licenses issued in any state are recognized as valid identity documents in all other states under a variety of legal principles like comity and the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution. However, if a person permanently moves to another state as a resident, state laws usually give a period of time, such as 60 days, in which a person must surrender his out-of-state license for the license of his new home state. Although most American adults carry their drivers' licenses at all times when they are

fraud."" According to a Harvard study, ""the expenses for documentation, travel, and waiting time [for obtaining voter identification cards] are significant—especially for minority group and low-income voters—typically ranging from about $75 to $175. When legal fees are added to these numbers, the costs range as high as $1,500."" So even if the cards themselves may be free, the costs associated with obtaining the card can be expensive. The author of the study notes that the costs associated with obtaining the card far exceeds the $1.50 poll tax outlawed by the 24th amendment in 1964. The vast majority of voter ID

Judge Bernard L. McGinley struck down Pennsylvania's voter ID law on January 17, 2014 as violative of the constitutional rights of state voters. He noted that required alternative voter IDs were available only through 71 PennDOT Drivers Licensing Centers across the state. Five of the 71 DLCs are located in Philadelphia, nine counties have no DLCs at all, and DLCs have limited hours: in nine counties they are open only one day per week, and in 13 counties they are open only two days per week. The court ruled that the Pennsylvania Department of State provided too little access, no

a Real ID, either as a new driver license or ID card applicant or renewing a current license or ID card, they must present a citizenship document (US passport, certified birth certificate or citizenship certificate) or proof of legal immigrant status, proof of a Social Security number if they have been issued one, proof of any name changes if using birth certificate, and two proofs of residency in the state. The state then must verify the documents and store them either electronically or on paper. No one may have more than one Real ID at one time. A RealID can

purpose with the federal government, meaning they will not be accepted for entering federal buildings or boarding airplanes. For a state to meet Real ID compliance, licenses and ID cards issued from that state must be approved by DHS in meeting Real ID requirements. States can choose to issue both regular licenses and ID cards as well as Real IDs, but any non-Real ID must be marked ""Not for Federal Identification"". Real IDs are valid for 8 years. Real IDs are allowed to be issued only to legal immigrants and citizens of the United States. When a person applies for

she may have information on Liam's whereabouts. She tells Steffy that she hasn't heard from Liam. Hope returns to Los Angeles in January 2018, with the guidance of Ridge, to surprise her mother. She makes her intentions known of returning to Forrester and potentially relaunching the ""Hope for the Future"" line. When Hope meets Sally Spectra, she finds out that Liam and Steffy’s marriage is in trouble and so she visits Liam to offer her support and friendship. Bill manipulates Liam to believe that Bill and Steffy are involved; Liam leaves Steffy and their daughter, Kelly, and proposes to Hope.

After witnessing the kiss, Hope takes off her engagement ring and leaves it at Liam's house. Heartbroken, Liam takes the ring and proposes to Steffy, who accepts. Liam and Steffy travel to Aspen, where they are married. Hope later begins flirtation with her step-brother, Thomas Forrester. They share a kiss despite Hope's unresolved feelings for Liam. While on holiday in Mexico, Thomas proposes to Hope and she briefly acknowledges that she might not be ready at the time, but someday her answer may be different and something may happen for them; she then kisses Thomas and says 'I feel safe

Hope Logan Hope Logan is a fictional character from ""The Bold and the Beautiful"", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The character was portrayed by several child actors and actresses since Hope's birth in 2002, most notably Rachel and Amanda Pace. In 2010, the role was rapidly aged and recast with actress Kim Matula, who made her first appearance in January 2010. Matula departed the serial as a series regular in December 2014; she made several guest appearances in 2015 and 2016. As of 2018, the role is portrayed by actress Annika Noelle. Introduced in 2002, Hope is

as a contract character. Matula began taping ""The Bold and the Beautiful"" on November 19, 2009 and made her first appearance on January 11, 2010. On November 5, 2014, it was announced that after five years with the series, Matula would be departing the series. Matula taped her final scene on November 6 and made her final appearance on December 12. In March 2015, ""Soap Opera Digest"" reported news that Matula would make a return to the series, in a guest appearance as Hope. She is set to report to set on March 4, 2015, she aired on April 17

"Hope Floats"
his truck and they drive off together. The final scene shows Birdee, Justin, Bernice, and Travis at a big town event. Birdee has now taken full custody of Travis and is also dating Justin, but she's still not planning on getting married again for a really long time. Bernice embraces Smithville as her new hometown, ultimately accepts Bill's departure from her life as a full-time parent, and begins to accept Justin as her mother's new love interest and a father figure. She and Birdee are much closer because of everything they've been through, as Bernice finally realizes it wasn't her

"Ryan's Hope"
Initially, Bleeth's Ryan Fenelli shared many youth-oriented and high school themed plots with Grant Show's Rick Hyde and bad boy D.J. LaSalle, as played by up-and-coming actor Christian Slater. Rick joined the local police force after high school graduation, and eventually fell in love with Ryan. Jack Fenelli was unsupportive of his daughter dating Rick, who tended to live dangerously; in protest, Rick and Ryan ultimately fled to South Carolina in April 1986, where they eloped. Ryan was approached and assisted at the town hall ceremony by a woman named Maura (Kate Mulgrew), who bore more than a passing resemblance

of Steffy and Liam professing their love for each other and falling into bed together on Hope's wedding day and refused to sign papers making their marriage legal in the US, wanting another wedding. Liam agrees, and Hope plans another wedding at the Forrester home. On the day of their re-do wedding, however, Liam arrives drunk, on the back of Steffy's motorcycle with dyed hair and a tattoo after a night out with Steffy. Outraged by Liam's continued reliance on Steffy, Hope calls off the wedding and her relationship with Liam. She then forms a close friendship with Thomas Forrester,

as well as Steffy, and she collided with her whilst they were skiing. After Liam finds out about the therapy sections, the medication and the accident with Steffy, he is stunned and confronts Hope, questioning their future. Liam takes Steffy up to Spencer cabin, where she decides to go ahead and sign the annulment papers, but Liam tears them up because he refused to hurt Steffy more and shares a passionate kiss with her. Once the divorce became final, Liam and Hope went to Italy at Brooke's insistence to remarry, although Ridge refused to design Hope's wedding gown out of

and 20, 2015. In February 2016, Matula was reported to make a guest return to the soap; she appeared on March 16, 2016. In November 2017, ""Soap Opera Digest"" announced that actress Annika Noelle had been cast in the role of Hope; she made her first appearance on January 8, 2018. The young adult character of Hope was first described as ""A polar opposite of what her mother Brooke once was, Hope makes no secret of her more traditional and reserved views on sex and marriage"". Matula has described Hope as ""Unlucky in love"". Speaking about the character's dramatic aging

"The Great Gig in the Sky"
The Great Gig in the Sky ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" is the fifth track on ""The Dark Side of the Moon"", the 1973 album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. The song features music by Richard Wright and non-lexical vocals by Clare Torry. The song began life as a Richard Wright chord progression, known variously as ""The Mortality Sequence"" or ""The Religion Song"". During 1972 it was performed live as a simple organ instrumental, accompanied by spoken-word samples from the Bible and snippets of speeches by Malcolm Muggeridge, a British writer known for his conservative religious

views. When the band came to record ""Dark Side"" in 1973, the lead instrument had been switched to a piano. Various sound effects were tried over the track, including recordings of NASA astronauts communicating on space missions, but none were satisfactory. Finally, a couple of weeks before the album was due to be finished, the band thought of having a female singer ""wail"" over the music. As the band began casting around for a singer, album engineer Alan Parsons suggested Clare Torry, a 25-year-old songwriter and session vocalist. Parsons had previously worked with Torry, and had liked her voice on

(his keyboards were arranged where he couldn't play both). Gilmour's pedal steel for ""Great Gig"" was located accordingly beside Wright's Hammond. Starting in 1987, additional touring keyboardist Jon Carin took over the Hammond parts. Up to three singers performed the vocals, each taking different parts of the song. On the 1974–75 tour, vocal duties were handled by Venetta Fields and Carlena Williams, both former members of The Blackberries. On the ""Delicate Sound of Thunder"" video, the vocals are shared by Rachel Fury, Durga McBroom and Margret Taylor. Clare Torry returned for the Knebworth '90 concert. The 1994 live album ""P•U•L•S•E""

"Clare Torry"
2005 carry an additional credit ""Vocal composition by Clare Torry"" for the ""Great Gig in the Sky"" segment. In February 2006, Clare Torry released a CD ""Heaven in the Sky"", a collection of her early pop tunes from the 1960s and 1970s. Clare Torry Clare H. Torry (born 29 November 1947) is a British singer, best known for performing the wordless vocals on the song ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" by the group Pink Floyd on their 1973 album ""The Dark Side of the Moon"". She also covered the Dolly Parton single ""Love Is Like a Butterfly"" for the

features a version sung by Sam Brown, Durga McBroom and Claudia Fontaine. When the Floyd's manager, Steve O'Rourke, died in 2003, Gilmour, Wright, and Mason played ""Fat Old Sun"" and ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" at O'Rourke's funeral. A short clip of the song was used in a 1974 TV advertisement for Dole bananas. A re-recorded version was used as the backing music in a UK television advertisement for the analgesic Nurofen in 1990. The band was not involved in this version, but Clare Torry again did the vocal with Neil Conti on drums and Lati Kronlund on bass.

Covers"" series, with Theresa Thomason taking over vocal duties. The Bluecoats Drum and Bugle Corps, from Canton, Ohio, played an arrangement of the song with multiple trumpets performing the vocal part for their Drum Corps International world championship winning 2016 show ""Down Side Up."" The Australian Pink Floyd Show performed the song with Ola Bieńkowska doing a near-exact replica of the vocal. with: The Great Gig in the Sky ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" is the fifth track on ""The Dark Side of the Moon"", the 1973 album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. The song features

a ""Top of The Pops"" covers album. An accountant from Abbey Road Studios contacted Torry and tried to arrange a session for the same evening, but she had various other commitments, including tickets to see Chuck Berry that evening, so a session was scheduled for Sunday evening between 7 and 10pm. The band played the instrumental track for Torry and asked her to improvise a vocal. At first, Torry struggled to divine what the band wanted, but then she was inspired to pretend that she herself was an instrument. She performed two complete takes, the second one more emotional than

[Pink Floyd] could have ""shortened or dispensed"". However, in a readers poll from the same magazine, the track was selected as the second greatest vocal performance of all time behind Bohemian Rhapsody. An early incarnation of the song, titled ""The Mortality Sequence"" and lacking the vocals later contributed by Clare Torry, was performed by Pink Floyd throughout 1972. In its final version, ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" was performed live from 1973–1975, and from 1987–1994. During the band's 1974–1975 tour, David Gilmour played both pedal steel guitar and the Hammond organ, allowing Richard Wright to concentrate solely on piano

Clare Torry Clare H. Torry (born 29 November 1947) is a British singer, best known for performing the wordless vocals on the song ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" by the group Pink Floyd on their 1973 album ""The Dark Side of the Moon"". She also covered the Dolly Parton single ""Love Is Like a Butterfly"" for the opening titles of the BBC TV series ""Butterflies"", which ran for four series between 1978 and 1983. Clare Torry was born in November 1947 in Marylebone to Geoffrey Napier Torry (1916-1979), who combined careers as Lieutenant-Commander in the Fleet Air Arm and

The Clare Torry section was used in ""Good Morning, Night"", an Italian movie about the 1978 Aldo Moro kidnapping and assassination. The Clare Torry section was prominently used in the trailer for the 2018 movie ""Roma"", written and directed by Oscar winner Alfonso Cuarón. On the Easy Star All-Stars' ""Dub Side of the Moon"" album, there are two different dub music versions of the track, ""The Great Gig in the Sky"" (Track 4) and ""Great Dub in the Sky"" (Track 11). The London Philharmonic Orchestra performs an instrumental version, arranged by Jaz Coleman and conducted by Peter Scholes, on the

"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman"
crushed by Dr. Slop's forceps. Thirdly, another of his father's theories was that a person's name exerted enormous influence over that person's nature and fortunes, with the worst possible name being Tristram. In view of the previous accidents, Tristram's father decreed that the boy would receive an especially auspicious name, Trismegistus. Susannah mangled the name in conveying it to the curate, and the child was christened Tristram. According to his father's theory, his name, being a conflation of ""Trismegistus"" (after the esoteric mystic Hermes Trismegistus) and ""Tristan"" (whose connotation bore the influence through folk etymology of Latin ""tristis"", ""sorrowful""), doomed

"Sir Toby Belch"
only does so after Malvolio has threatened him with being turned out if he doesn't reform his ways. Indeed part of Malvolio's complaint is that Sir Toby and his companions are not acting like noblemen by drinking and singing but like ""tinkers"" in an ""alehouse"". His appreciation of Maria pronounced (Mariah), though couched in terms that might not please every woman: ""She's a beagle, true-bred"" (II,3), and eventual marriage, shows that he thinks his title of no particular account compared to his love for her. Sir Toby Belch Sir Toby Belch is a character in William Shakespeare's ""Twelfth Night"". Sir

Polonius
method in't"") while others have become paraphrased aphorisms (""Clothes make the man""; ""Old friends are the best friends""). Also, the line he speaks when he is killed by Hamlet in Act 3 scene 4 (""O, I am slain!"") has been subject to much parody and ridicule due to its relative obviousness. Polonius Polonius is a character in William Shakespeare's ""Hamlet"". He is chief counsellor of the king, and the father of Laertes and Ophelia. Generally regarded as wrong in every judgment he makes over the course of the play, Polonius is described by William Hazlitt as a ""sincere"" father, but

disliked its dark and depressing tone, but since the 19th century Shakespeare's original version has been regarded as one of his supreme achievements. The tragedy is particularly noted for its probing observations on the nature of human suffering and kinship. George Bernard Shaw wrote, ""No man will ever write a better tragedy than Lear."" King Lear of Britain, elderly and wanting to retire from the duties of the monarchy, decides to divide his realm among his three daughters, and declares he will offer the largest share to the one who loves him most. The eldest, Goneril, speaks first, declaring her

Malvolio
Much of the play's humour comes from Maria, Feste, Toby Belch, and Andrew Aguecheek tormenting Malvolio with drinking, joking, and singing. Later in the play, Maria devises a way to have revenge upon Malvolio, and proposes it to Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Feste. Maria composes a love letter in Olivia's handwriting, and leaves it so Malvolio will find it. Beforehand, Malvolio had been wishing to marry Olivia. The letter convinces Malvolio that Olivia loves him, and leads Malvolio to think that Olivia wishes him to smile, wear yellow stockings and cross garters. Olivia is in mourning for her brother's

"Edward Ravenscroft"
Edward Ravenscroft Edward Ravenscroft (c.1654–1707) was an English dramatist who belonged to an ancient Flintshire family. He was entered at the Middle Temple, but devoted his attention mainly to literature. Among his pieces are, He wrote a total of twelve plays, in which he adapted freely from Molière, William Shakespeare and others. He ventured to decry the heroic drama, and John Dryden retaliated by satirizing his ""Mamamouchi"", a foolish adaptation from Molière's ""Bourgeois Gentilhomme"" and ""Monsieur de Pourceaugnac"", in the prologue to the ""Assignation"" (Dryden, Works, ed. Scott, iv. 345 seq.) Ravenscroft was the first critic to posit that Shakespeare's

tyranny and deceit, and declares ""my suffisaunce"" (15) and that ""over himself hath the maystrye"" (14). ""Fortune"", in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes that she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, ""And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve"" (32, 40, 48). Chaucer retorts, ""My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse"" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. ""Fortune"" turns her attention to three princes whom she

"Richard Brinsley Peake"
in London. At his death in 1847 his family inherited his numerous debts, and were left in financial distress. Richard Brinsley Peake Richard Brinsley Peake (19 February 1792 – 4 October 1847) was a dramatist of the early nineteenth century best remembered today for his 1823 play ""Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein"", a work based on the novel ""Frankenstein"" by Mary Shelley. It was Peake, not Shelley, who wrote the famous line, ""It lives!"" Richard Brinsley Peake was born in Gerard Street in Soho, London, the son of Richard Peake, who for forty years worked in the Treasury Office

Sir Toby Belch Sir Toby Belch is a character in William Shakespeare's ""Twelfth Night"". Sir Toby is an ambiguous mix of high spirits and low cunning. He first appears in the play's third scene, when he storms onto the stage the morning after a hard night out, complaining about the sombre melancholy that hangs over his niece's household. ""What a plague means my niece to take the death of her brother thus? I'm sure care's an enemy to life."" This immediately establishes Sir Toby at the opposite pole from the languishing melancholy which dominated the first scene (including Orsino's speech,

"God Is Not Great"
in my hand, cut around the prepuce, and complete the action by taking his penis in my mouth, sucking off the foreskin, and spitting out the amputated flap along with a mouthful of blood and saliva"", and denounces the traditional African practice of female genital mutilation. He concludes the chapter writing of the religious ""wish for obliteration""—for a death in the form of the day of the Apocalypse. Hitchens begins by saying that the strong faith that could stand up to any form of reason is long gone. He compares the popular knowledge of the world in Thomas Aquinas's time

"Thank You for Your Service (2017 film)"
On February 9, 2016, Amy Schumer joined the cast with three others: Keisha Castle-Hughes, Brad Beyer, and Omar Dorsey. It was later revealed that Kate Lyn Sheil had joined the cast. Principal photography on the film began on February 9, 2016, in Atlanta, Georgia. In March 2016, it filmed at the Gwinnett Place Mall in Duluth, Georgia. The film had its world premiere at the Heartland Film Festival on October 15, 2017. The film was released in the United States on October 27, 2017. On October 20, 2017, Universal and DreamWorks announced a partnership with Chinese-owned AMC Theatres to give

Amy Schumer and Scott Haze. A new Bruce Springsteen song, ""Freedom Cadence"", was written specifically for the closing credits. The film had its world premiere at the Heartland Film Festival on October 15, 2017, and was released in the United States on October 27, 2017, by Universal Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise aimed at the performances (particularly that of Teller, Bennett, and Koale), but grossed just $9 million against its $20 million budget. After a harrowing 15-month combat experience in Iraq, the much-decorated Adam Schumann (Miles Teller) returns home to Kansas and a loving wife,

Saskia (Haley Bennett). Adam and Saskia have two young children, a daughter and an infant son born while Adam was still overseas. Adam suffers from PTSD as manifest by nightmares and frequent flashbacks for which his wife convinces him to seek help from an overburdened Department of Veterans Affairs. He also receives solace from two Iraq buddies living nearby, an American Samoan, Solo Aeiti (Beulah Koale), and Billy Waller (Joe Cole), who commits suicide in front of his fiancée (Erin Darke) after discovering she has taken all his money and their child and left him. Adam's unresolved psychological issues revolve

"Thank You for Your Service (2015 film)"
shown at the Miami International Film Festival, Santa Barbara International Film Festival, Big Sky Documentary Film Festival, Montclair Film Festival, and Maine International Film Festival, among others. It was acquired by Gathr Films and opened theatrically in September / October 2016 in New York, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. The American Red Cross and U.S. Senators Angus King, Patty Murray, Ron Wyden, and Joe Donnelly hosted the D.C. premiere; King and Donnelly attended and participated in a Q&A hosted by CBS' David Martin. The film had its New York premiere aboard the USS Intrepid in New York Harbor, hosted by

joined the film to play Solo, an American Samoan soldier who feels that the military had made his life better. On January 7, 2016, Scott Haze was cast in the film to play a soldier suffering from PTSD. Jon Kilik would produce the film, which Universal Pictures would distribute in the United States. On January 28, 2016, Joe Cole joined the film to play a soldier who returns home in crisis and tries to find his fiancée and their daughter who have left him, while Jayson Warner Smith joined the film to play a receptionist at a Veterans Affairs office.

"Thank God You're Here (U.S. TV series)"
Thank God You're Here (U.S. TV series) Thank God You're Here is a partially improvised comedy television program, based on the Australian TV show, broadcast by NBC. The show was hosted by David Alan Grier and presided over by judge Dave Foley. The pilot was shot on November 9, 2006, and NBC initially ordered six episodes. The show debuted with a two-hour, double-episode premiere on Monday, April 9, 2007, at 9pm ET. It was produced by FremantleMedia North America, with Cécile Frot-Coutaz, CEO of Fremantle, Fax Bahr, and Adam Small as executive producers. The show aired on Mondays for its

"Thankyou (company)"
Thankyou (company) Thankyou is an Australian social enterprise. From the sales of its water, body care and food products, the company donates funds to safe water, hygiene and sanitation programs, and food security programs in 16 countries. The company has gained attention for its use of public lobbying via mainstream and social media in order to influence supermarket retailers to stock their products. Campaigns have led to partnerships with retailers including Coles Supermarkets, Woolworths Limited and Australia Post. Daniel Flynn, Justine Flynn and Jarryd Burns created Thankyou in 2008. Production began after an agreement with a factory that provided services

around his failure to safely rescue a fellow soldier from a building under fire, Michael Emory (Scott Haze), who was dropped on his head and rendered hemiplegic but later expresses gratitude to Adam for being alive, and survivor's guilt about letting Sergeant First Class James Doster (Brad Beyer) take Adam's place on patrol one day. When the Humvee with Doster filling in for Adam makes a wrong turn and hits an improvised explosive device, Solo assists the men in their escape to safety, but Doster is inadvertently left behind and dies in the conflagration. Doster's grieving widow, Amanda (Amy Schumer),

who is best of friends with Saskia Schumann, finally gains closure as she learns the circumstances of her husband's death towards the end of the movie and absolves Adam and Solo of responsibility for it. Meanwhile, Solo suffers from such severe PTSD and memory loss that he is unable to fulfill a fervent desire to reenlist for another tour in Iraq He falls in with a group of drug dealers led by a Gulf War veteran, Dante (Omar Dorsey). Adam rescues his friend and puts him on a Greyhound bus to California, where Solo will take Adam's place at a

Thank You for Your Service (2017 film) Thank You for Your Service is a 2017 American biographical war drama film written and directed by Jason Hall, in his directorial debut, based on the 2013 non-fiction book of the same name by David Finkel. Finkel, a ""Washington Post"" reporter, wrote about veterans of the 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment returning to the vicinity of Fort Riley, Kansas, following a 15-month deployment in Iraq in 2007. The film is about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depicting U.S. soldiers who try to adjust to civilian life, and stars Miles Teller, Haley Bennett, Beulah Koale,

"2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony"
and the Eastern U.S. At the end of this segment, the performers unfurled a giant quilt that covered the entire stadium floor with the 2002 Winter Olympics logo in the center. Two figure skaters, Olympians Kristi Yamaguchi and Scott Hamilton performed on the oversized ice rink as ""Light the Fire Within,"" the 2002 Winter Olympic's theme song, was sung by LeAnn Rimes. After speeches by Jacques Rogge, President of the IOC and Mitt Romney, the CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, the Olympic flame, which had traveled was carried into the stadium by gold medalists Dorothy Hamill and Dick

"2002 Winter Olympics"
beneficial to Utah's economy beginning in the 1860s, as well as economically linking the Western U.S. and the Eastern U.S. At the end of their performance, the performers unfurled a giant quilt that covered the entire stadium floor with the 2002 Winter Olympics logo in the center. Two figure skaters, Olympians Kristi Yamaguchi and Scott Hamilton performed on the oversized ice rink as ""Light the Fire Within"", the 2002 Winter Olympic's theme song was sung by LeAnn Rimes. After speeches by Jacques Rogge, President over the IOC and Mitt Romney, the CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, the Olympic

"Super Bowl XLIII"
KTAR, with the teams' other network radio affiliates instead carrying the Westwood One feed. Journey and the Bethune-Cookman University Marching Wildcats performed during the pre-game show, while Jennifer Hudson sang ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" (arranged by Chris Walden) in her first public appearance since the murder of her nephew, brother and mother. Hudson became the second consecutive alumna from the ""American Idol"" television series to perform the national anthem at a Super Bowl (Jordin Sparks sang the anthem at Super Bowl XLII). The national anthem was translated into American Sign Language by Kristen Santos. Following the anthem, the United States Air

Ewen
Ewen Ewen is a male given name, most common throughout Scotland. It is an anglicisation of the Gaelic name, Eòghann. The prefix of ""Eo"" in ""Eoghan"", means ""yew"". This has caused many to translate Eoghan to mean ""Born of the Yew"". ""Eo"", also sometimes translates to mean Salmon. It has also come to mean ""Well Born"" based on the Latinized form of ""Eugenius"".It is possibly a derivative of the Pictish name, ""Vuen"" (or 'Wen'), ""born of the mountain."" Ewen or Ewan is also a Scottish surname, as in Clan MacEwen. Owen is the predominant modern Welsh and Irish spelling of

"Brooks (surname)"
Brooks (surname) Brooks is a toponymic surname that is thought to have been derived residing near a stream (or brook) from both the Swedish surname Bäckland, meaning bäck ""brook, stream"" and lund ""grove"" and English , Gaelic and Scottish from the possessive case of Brook (i.e. ‘of the brook’) from pre 7th century English origins; Old English broc and appearing in the Medieval predecessors of ""Brooks"" such as ""Ate-Broc"" and ""Atte-Broc"". The surname Brooks has many Germanic (Anglo Saxon) links and is sometimes associated with the countries Denmark , Sweden and Norway within Scandinavia and has wide links to the

"John Waters (British Army officer, born 1774)"
Holland in 1799, and the expedition to Egypt in 1801. He had become lieutenant on 15 February 1799, and in reward for his conduct during the mutiny at Gibraltar in 1802 the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent obtained a company for him in the York Rangers on 24 September 1803. He remained, however, with the Royal Scots, and went with it to the West Indies. On 28 February 1805 he was promoted captain in that regiment, to which two new battalions had been added, and soon afterwards he returned to England. In August 1808, owing to the Duke of Kent's

Springborn
Springborn Springborn is a surname of Low German origin. The surname Springborn goes back to the place of living of the first carrier of that surname in medieval times, who lived in the vicinity of a spring or water well. ""Springborn"" is of German, specifically Middle Low German origin. Its two parts have the meaning ""sprink"" = ‚spring‘, and ""born"" = ‚well‘. Because the surname came into being in the region of the Low German language it is not surprising that most of the Springborns in Germany are to find in Northern German states. The same meaning as the surname

"Roger McDonald"
the water and in love with Wes Bannister. But then events at sea challenge everything she holds dearest... Roger McDonald Roger McDonald (born 23 June 1941, at Young, New South Wales, Australia) is the award-winning author of several novels and a number of non-fiction works. He is also an accomplished poet and TV scriptwriter. The middle son of a Presbyterian minister, Hugh Fraser McDonald, 1909–81, and the Central Queensland historian, Dr Lorna McDonald, 1916-2017, his childhood was spent in the NSW country towns of Bribbaree, Temora, and Bourke, before the family moved to Sydney. He attended The Scots College and

"Craig Waters"
At an early age, Waters was placed on an advanced educational track because of high test scores in the Escambia County, Florida, school system. He remained on this track until graduation from high school. Waters grew up in Pensacola, Florida and spent considerable time with an extended family primarily living in Southwestern Alabama. He is a direct descendant of the Weavers of Weaverville, North Carolina, through his maternal grandfather Joseph Barnett Weaver. The latter left Akron, Ohio, and built his home near Evergreen, Alabama in the mid-1920s to find a warmer climate because he suffered from asthma—a condition Waters inherited.

Wisconsin, followed by Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota and Ohio. The count is low in other states. Springborn Springborn is a surname of Low German origin. The surname Springborn goes back to the place of living of the first carrier of that surname in medieval times, who lived in the vicinity of a spring or water well. ""Springborn"" is of German, specifically Middle Low German origin. Its two parts have the meaning ""sprink"" = ‚spring‘, and ""born"" = ‚well‘. Because the surname came into being in the region of the Low German language it is not surprising that most of the Springborns

Ewan
Ewan Ewan is a Scottish, male given name, most common throughout Scotland. It is an anglicisation of the Gaelic name, Eòghann. The prefix of ""Eo"" in ""Eoghan"", is means ""yew"". This has caused many to translate Eoghan to mean ""Born of the Yew"". ""Eo"", also sometimes translates to mean Salmon. It has also come to mean ""Well Born"" based on the Latinized form of ""Eugenius"".It is possibly a derivative of the Pictish name, ""Vuen"" (or 'Wen'), ""born of the mountain."" Ewen or Ewan is also a Scottish surname, as in Clan MacEwen. Owen is the predominant modern Welsh and Irish

"Clyde (surname)"
Clyde (surname) Clyde is a surname, and may refer to: This surname originated in Celtic times, and was used in Scotland and Ulster as a name for people who lived by the banks of the River Clyde, which flows through Glasgow. The origin of the river's name comes from the gaelic name ""Cluaidh"", the original meaning of which is now unclear. Some believe it is derived from the Brythonic word ""clut"", meaning ""the cleansing one"". There was also a Celtic goddess named Clota, who was considered the guardian of the river, and the Roman name for the river was Clota.

who played sonny in lemony snicket's a series of unfortunate events

and deepening the novel series' mythology. Dornbush also praised the performance of guest stars such as Lucy Punch and Patrick Warburton and awarded the second season 7.2 stars. A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and

"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events"
lead actors having grown too old to continue their roles. ""In an odd way, the best thing you could do is actually have Lemony Snicket say to the audience, 'Okay, we pawned the first film off as a mere dramatization with actors. Now, I'm afraid I'm going to have to show you the real thing.'"" In November 2014, Netflix announced its plans of creating a television series to adapt the entire novel series. The series stars Neil Patrick Harris, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes and Presley Smith, with Patrick Warburton as narrator. The series, also titled ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"",

Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of ""A Series of Unfortunate Events"" by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels ""The Bad Beginning"", ""The Reptile Room"", and ""The Wide Window"". The film stars Jim Carrey, Liam Aiken, Emily Browning, Timothy Spall, Catherine O'Hara, Billy Connolly, Cedric the Entertainer, Luis Guzmán, Jennifer Coolidge and Meryl Streep, as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket (the pen name

website for the fictional Valorous Farms Dairy, which featured four holiday e-cards for download. As part of the marketing for the third season, Netflix released a YouTube trailer of Count Olaf and Lemony Snicket on November 13, 2018 giving alternative accounts of the events of the previous seasons, with the former describing them as a series of ""learning experiences"" and the latter as a ""series of unfortunate events."" On December 10, Netflix released a second YouTube trailer, featuring Allison Williams as Kit Snicket and introducing Richard E. Grant as the villainous ""Man with a Beard but No Hair"" and Beth

While initial agricultural endeavors were primarily cattle ranching, the adverse effect of harsh winters on the cattle, beginning in 1886, a short drought in 1890, and general overgrazing, led many landowners to increase the amount of land under cultivation. Recognizing the challenge of cultivating marginal arid land, the United States government expanded on the offered under the Homestead Act – granting to homesteaders in western Nebraska under the Kinkaid Act (1904) and elsewhere in the Great Plains under the Enlarged Homestead Act (1909). Waves of European settlers arrived in the plains at the beginning of the 20th century. A return

including crop rotation, strip farming, contour plowing, terracing, and other improved farming practices. In 1937, the federal government began an aggressive campaign to encourage farmers in the Dust Bowl to adopt planting and plowing methods that conserved the soil. The government paid reluctant farmers a dollar an acre to practice the new methods. By 1938, the massive conservation effort had reduced the amount of blowing soil by 65%. The land still failed to yield a decent living. In the fall of 1939, after nearly a decade of dirt and dust, the drought ended when regular rainfall finally returned to the

settlement and agriculture. The federal government encouraged settlement and development of the Plains for agriculture via the Homestead Act of 1862, offering settlers plots. With the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, waves of new migrants and immigrants reached the Great Plains, and they greatly increased the acreage under cultivation. An unusually wet period in the Great Plains mistakenly led settlers and the federal government to believe that ""rain follows the plow"" (a popular phrase among real estate promoters) and that the climate of the region had changed permanently.

of time. Between 1930 and 1940, approximately 3.5 million people moved out of the Plains states; of those, it is unknown how many moved to California. In just over a year, over 86,000 people migrated to California. This number is more than the number of migrants to that area during the 1849 Gold Rush. Migrants abandoned farms in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico, but were often generally referred to as ""Okies"", ""Arkies"", or ""Texies"". Terms such as ""Okies"" and ""Arkies"" came to be known in the 1930s as the standard terms for those who

"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)"
or Melewski will announce a Red Light Challenge. He or she reads a question that has multiple correct answers – usually four to seven – and the passenger(s) have 30 seconds to give those answers; they do not always have to give all of the answers. Since there is no penalty for an incorrect answer, giving all the correct answers in the allotted time is worth $250 – or $500 during Double Ride games – regardless of how many incorrect answers a contestant might also blurt out along the way. The contestant does not receive the extra $250 (or $500)

Shout-Out, the contestant makes a phone call to someone they choose by means of a cell phone - either provided by Bailey or Melewski - or one belonging to a contestant. The call can take up to a maximum of 15 seconds before the contestant has to give an answer, with the result being either additional money or a strike. The contestant may also elect to use a Street Shout-Out, in which Bailey or Melewski immediately pulls the cab to a curb so that anyone on the sidewalk can be asked for help, without any official time limit. A second

if the 30-second time limit runs out; it is also not counted as a strike, and the contestant doesn't lose any accumulated money. While only one Red Light Challenge is usually played per game, beginning in Season 4 there are multiple Red Light Challenges during certain games – at least two per game – with the second for accumulating at least $1,000. Contestants have two forms of help known as ""Shout-Outs"" at their disposal during the game; each can be used only once, and neither may be used on a Red Light Challenge or a Video Bonus. In the Mobile

Cab as ceiling lights and a fanfare plays inside, accompanied by the host's greeting. While the only rules given on-camera after the introduction and before asking ""Do you want to play?"" pertain to his or her driving and the ""three strikes and you're out"" rule, the contestants are also informed that once their traveling begins, the cab will not take detours of any kind unless directed by a police officer, stop sign, traffic light or other legal means of diverting traffic. Bailey or Melewski offers them the chance to get out of the cab if they do not wish to

its content. If the question is answered correctly, the contestant(s) win double what they have earned so far, but if they are wrong, they lose all of their money ""at the very last moment"", as Bailey says, and ""leave with nothing but a cab ride"". Beginning in Season 4, this rarely occurring part of the show happens when randomly selected passengers are able to win double the amount of money of a normal game. The first four questions are worth $100, the second four are worth $200 and the rest until the end of the game are worth $400. The

the same rules as its New York counterpart, aired. The spin-off was cancelled after one season, but rerun episodes are aired along with ""Cash Cab"" episodes in syndication. Ben Bailey stated that the show was created during contract renewal negotiations. A support van tails the Cash Cab, containing producers and a camera crew for the various street shots. The staff provide logistical information and questions by way of a walkie-talkie and earpiece worn by the host. The Cash Cab is equipped with ten cameras: one on the host, three on the passengers, one pointing forward from the back window of

"Matthew Lesko"
Matthew Lesko Matthew John Lesko (born May 11, 1943) is an American author known for his publications and infomercials on federal grant funding. He has written over twenty books instructing people how to get money from the United States government. Widely recognized for recording television commercials, infomercials, and interviews in colorful suits decorated with question marks, Lesko's signature fashion also extends into his daily attire and transportation, earning him the nickname Question Mark Guy. Lesko grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Lesko received his undergraduate degree from Marquette University in Milwaukee, then went to Vietnam as a navigator for the U.S.

Each wrong answer earns the contestant(s) a strike. On the third strike, they forfeit all their winnings and Bailey or Melewski will immediately pull over and kick them out of the cab. Once players have exited the Cash Cab, a camera crew from the trailing production van is already on the street waiting to tape their departure. When a contestant has won at least $200 or $300 in a normal game or an After Dark game - or at least $400 or $600 on a Double Ride - and the cab is forced to stop at a traffic light, Bailey

advance. Even so, those picked in advance are told that the cab is supposed to take them to the show on which they will appear. The cab turns out to be the show itself. Near the end of the game at the player's destination Ben Bailey or Beth Melewski appears to present the cash won. In reality, this cash is a prop and used for on-air purposes only. The winnings, which must be taxed, are sent via check. The Cash Cab in New York is a Toyota Sienna minivan with the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission call sign

episodes from Lion Television (with Executive Producers Tom Cohen, Allison Corn and Tony Tackaberry; with Ben Bailey being the most recent) and taping of the initial run was completed in November 2005 before the show premiered that December. A new set of 40 episodes were taped and aired in 2006 and 2007. Another 80 episodes were taped in 2007 and aired through spring and summer. Another 40 episodes were taped and aired in 2008 and 2009. Another 40 episodes were taped for airing in 2010 and 2011. The sixth season premiered on February 14, 2011, at 6:00 pm E/P. During

"Your Lie in April"
a stage play adaptation of the manga was green-lit, and set to run on August the same year. The stage play was announced to be held at the AiiA 2.5 Theater Tokyo from August 24, 2017, to September 3, 2017, and at the Umeda Arts Theater in Osaka from September 7, 2017, to September 10, 2017. The stage play is directed by Naohiro Ise, and written by Kaori Miura. It was also revealed that the play would have live musical performances, with Yuta Matsumura performing the piano, and Shuko Kobayashi performing the violin. The main cast was announced, and stars:

"Your Lie in April (film)"
Your Lie in April (film) Kosei Arima is a pianist who has won many awards and recognition due to his precision, timing, and ability to switch between tempos easily, earning him the moniker ""human metronome"". However, he came so far to his position because he was meticulously taught by his terminally ill mother, Saki, who was abusive and demanding. When, as a seven-year-old, she slapped him after a victory that she deemed unwarranted, he declared his refusal to play the piano again and wished that she died. Indeed, Saki died the following day; this caused Kosei to experience a mental

that a pianist play with her, so Kaori forces Kosei to come out retirement and assist her. During the competition, Kosei experiences a breakdown again, but Kaori encourages him to restart the recital, despite the fact that it will disqualify her. He succeeds and while Kaori is disqualified, she is invited to play at a gala concert. For the gala, Kaori picks Love's Sorrow, a piece that Saki used to play as a lullaby for her son. Kosei is initially hesitant, but his mother's pianist friend, Hiroko Seto, tells him that it would be a good chance to prove to

by Ikimono-gakari. The film was third placed on its opening weekend, with in gross and 200,036 admissions. Your Lie in April (film) Kosei Arima is a pianist who has won many awards and recognition due to his precision, timing, and ability to switch between tempos easily, earning him the moniker ""human metronome"". However, he came so far to his position because he was meticulously taught by his terminally ill mother, Saki, who was abusive and demanding. When, as a seven-year-old, she slapped him after a victory that she deemed unwarranted, he declared his refusal to play the piano again and

"You and the Night and the Music"
failure.” The song has since become an enduring jazz standard. You and the Night and the Music ""You and the Night and the Music"" is a popular song composed by Arthur Schwartz with lyrics by Howard Dietz. The song was debuted in the Broadway show ""Revenge with Music"". The show originally opened on November 28, 1934, ran for 22 performances, after which it closed. It then reopened on December 24, 1934, and ran for an additional 135 performances. Authors Caryl Brahms and Ned Sherrin, in their book ""Song by Song: 14 Great Lyric Writers"", say that “...the musical yielded two

"For Your Entertainment (album)"
Pennsylvania. Opening acts were Allison Iraheta and Orianthi for the North American leg of the tour. For Your Entertainment (album) For Your Entertainment is the debut studio album by American singer Adam Lambert, which he started to record after the end of the eighth season of ""American Idol"". It was released on November 23, 2009 by RCA Records. Three singles have been released from the album worldwide: ""For Your Entertainment"", ""Whataya Want from Me"" and ""If I Had You"" while ""Sleepwalker"" has been released in some countries as the fourth single. ""Fever"", ""Sure Fire Winners"" and ""Aftermath"" were released as

You and the Night and the Music ""You and the Night and the Music"" is a popular song composed by Arthur Schwartz with lyrics by Howard Dietz. The song was debuted in the Broadway show ""Revenge with Music"". The show originally opened on November 28, 1934, ran for 22 performances, after which it closed. It then reopened on December 24, 1934, and ran for an additional 135 performances. Authors Caryl Brahms and Ned Sherrin, in their book ""Song by Song: 14 Great Lyric Writers"", say that “...the musical yielded two enduring hits and a profit although it was an artistic

"Michael Gordon (composer)"
(Nonesuch), an album of tracks created with producers R. Luke DuBois and Damian LeGassick, and scored for a small ensemble of musicians (most notably Todd Reynolds on violin) with complex electronic arrangements orchestrated by DuBois and LeGassick. He has since collaborated with DuBois extensively on the electronic backing arrangements for subsequent pieces, including ""All Vows"" for cellist Maya Beiser (2006, for which DuBois also served as a video artist), ""Sad Park"" for the Kronos Quartet (2006), and the opera ""What to Wear"", libretto by Richard Foreman (2006). ""The Sad Park"" uses the voices of child witnesses to September 11 as

"Dylan Rice"
Chris Isaak via Morrissey"", and Rice himself has described his music as ""folk-rock crooning"" or ""torch-song rock"". (Centaur Records) Dylan Rice Dylan Rice (born 1976) is a Chicago-based singer-songwriter and guitarist, who grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah. In May 2007 his song ""The Lie"" was included in the Columbia Records CD compilation ""Music with a Twist: Revolutions"", along with The Gossip, Sarah Bettens (K's Choice), and Ivri Lider. His debut CD, ""Wandering Eyes"", was produced by former Acme engineer Blaise Barton (Bob Dylan, Liz Phair). Styx bassist Chuck Panozzo collaborated with Rice on a demo tape in 2002.

"Yesterday Was a Lie"
the Rotten Tomatoes website. In February 2011, La-La Land Records announced the February 15 release of the Kristopher Carter score on CD and digital download, including songs performed by Masterson from the film. The physical CD included two bonus tracks, ""Can You Help Me?"" and ""City Talks"", not included in the digital download. The album was well received, with Daniel Schweiger of ""Film Music Magazine"" calling it ""a top notch indie score in all respects."" The film has been adapted into a limited edition graphic novel by artist James Hill, first released as a San Diego Comic-Con Exclusive at 2010's

"Style guide"
Style guide A style guide (or manual of style) is a set of standards for the writing and design of documents, either for general use or for a specific publication, organization, or field. (It is often called a style sheet, though that term has other meanings.) A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition, orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such

their own systems. Guidelines for citing web content also appear in comprehensive style guides such as Oxford/Hart, Chicago and MLA. Style guide A style guide (or manual of style) is a set of standards for the writing and design of documents, either for general use or for a specific publication, organization, or field. (It is often called a style sheet, though that term has other meanings.) A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual

as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory). Style guides are common for general and specialized use, for the general reading and writing audience, and for students and scholars of various academic disciplines, medicine, journalism, the law, government, business, and specific industries. House style refers to the internal style manual of a particular publisher or organization. Style guides vary widely in scope and size. This variety in scope and length is enabled by the cascading of one style over another, in a way analogous to how styles cascade in web development

Guides in specific scientific and technical fields cover nomenclature, which specifies names or classifying labels that are preferred because they are clear, standardized, and ontologically sound (e.g., taxonomy, chemical nomenclature, and gene nomenclature). Most style guides are revised periodically to accommodate changes in conventions and usage. The frequency of updating and the revision control are determined by the subject matter. For style manuals in reference work format, new editions typically appear every 1 to 20 years. For example, the AP Stylebook is revised annually, and the Chicago, APA, and ASA manuals are in their 17th, 6th, and 4th editions, respectively.

and in desktop publishing (e.g., how inline styles in HTML cascade over CSS styles). A short style guide is often called a ""style sheet"". A comprehensive guide tends to be long and is often called a ""style manual"" or ""manual of style"" (""MOS"" or ""MoS""). In many cases, a project such as one book, journal, or monograph series typically has a short style sheet that cascades over the somewhat larger style guide of an organization such as a publishing company, whose content is usually called ""house style"". Most house styles, in turn, cascade over an ""industry-wide or profession-wide style manual""

authors and translators, but aiming to serve a wider readership as well. General Journalism Law In the United States, most public-facing corporate communication and journalism writing is written with styles following ""The Associated Press Stylebook"". Book publishers and authors of journals requiring reference sections generally choose the Chicago Manual of Style, while scholarly writing often follows the ""MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing"". One of the most popular grammar guides used in third-person writing is ""The Elements of Style"". The Associated Press Stylebook is written to be used together with The Elements of Style to provide a very

"Microsoft Manual of Style"
Microsoft Manual of Style The Microsoft Manual of Style: Your Everyday Guide to Usage, Terminology, and Style for Professional Technical Communications (MSTP), in former editions the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications, is a style guide published by Microsoft. The fourth edition, , was published on January 15, 2012. Microsoft employees and partners can also access a Microsoft Compressed HTML Help (CHM) version of the MSTP. In 2018, the book was replaced by a website, the Microsoft Writing Style Guide, joining other online guides like the Apple Style Guide and Google Developer Documentation Style Guide. Like any style guide,

an alphabetically arranged Usage Dictionary of terms commonly used in technical writing. Microsoft Manual of Style The Microsoft Manual of Style: Your Everyday Guide to Usage, Terminology, and Style for Professional Technical Communications (MSTP), in former editions the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications, is a style guide published by Microsoft. The fourth edition, , was published on January 15, 2012. Microsoft employees and partners can also access a Microsoft Compressed HTML Help (CHM) version of the MSTP. In 2018, the book was replaced by a website, the Microsoft Writing Style Guide, joining other online guides like the Apple

Many house styles and individual project styles change more frequently, especially for new projects. Several basic style guides for technical and scientific communication have been defined by international standards organizations. One example is ISO 215 ""Documentation — Presentation of contributions to periodicals and other serials"". The European Union publishes an ""Interinstitutional style guide""—encompassing 24 languages across the European Union. This manual is ""obligatory"" for all those employed by the institutions of the EU who are involved in preparing EU documents and works. The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission publishes its own ""English Style Guide"", intended primarily for English-language

"Reference software"
to home computers. A second major development occurred as the internet also became widely available in homes, with reference works becoming available online as well. The conversion of previously print-only reference materials to electronic format marked a major change to the marketing and accessibility of such works. A striking case study is that of the venerable Encyclopædia Britannica, which was previously only available at prices of USD 1500 and higher, restricting it to the better libraries and the wealthy. Today, the Encyclopædia Britannica and World Book Encyclopedia retail in electronic format for around 50 USD, with cheaper OEM versions sometimes

"Unipolar brush cell"
within the granular layer. They receive glutamatergic inputs on its dendritic brush from a single mossy fibre terminal in the form of a giant glutamatergic synapse and make glutamatergic synapses with granule cells and other UBCs. UBCs are plentiful in those regions linked to vestibular functions. In mammals, UBCs show an uneven distribution within the granule cell domains of the hindbrain, being the most dense in the vermis, part of the flocculus/paraflocculus complex, and layers 2–4 of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In the rat cerebellum, UBCs outnumber Golgi cells by a factor of 3 and approximately equal the number of

"Unipolar neuron"
very complex set of connections with other neurites, in regions of neuropil. Unipolar brush cells are neurons specific to the cerebellum and the granule region of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In all species, including vertebrates and invertebrates, many types of primary sensory neurons are pseudounipolar. Typically these have special structures for transducing some type of physical stimulus (light, sound, temperature, etc.) into electrical activity, no dendrites, and a single axon that conveys the resulting signals into the spinal cord or brain. Unipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from

Unipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Most neurons are multipolar, generating several dendrites and an axon and there are also many bipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons that begin as bipolar neurons during development are known as pseudounipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons are common in insects, where the cell body is often located at the periphery of the brain and is electrically inactive. These cell bodies often send a single neurite into the brain; however, this neurite may ramify into a large number of branches making a

Purkinje cells. Like other glutamatergic cells of the cerebellum, UBCs originate in the rhombic lip. UBCs were first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, who called them ""pale cells"". The term ""unipolar brush cell"" was first introduced in the early 1990s, reclassifying pale cells, Rat-302 cells, monodendritic cells, chestnut cells and mitt cells under the same name. The Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT), which is a subcommittee of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), officially recognized the “unipolar brush cell” as a new cell type of the cerebellar cortex in 2008. UBCs situated in cerebellar

four or five. The brush dendrioles emit numerous, thin evaginations called filopodia, unique to UBCs. The filopodia emanate from all over the neuron, even including the dendritic stem and the cell body in some cells. Although UBC filopodia do not bear synaptic junctions, they are nevertheless involved in cell signaling. UBCs are intrinsically firing neurons and considered as a class of excitatory “local circuit neurons”. They work together with vestibular fibres to integrate signals involving the orientation of the head that modulates reflex behaviour. UBCs function to amplify inputs from the vestibular ganglia and nuclei by spreading and prolonging excitation

Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of excitatory glutamatergic interneuron found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and also in the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus. The UBC has a round or oval cell body with usually a single short dendrite that ends in a brush-like tuft of short dendrioles (dendrites unique to UBCs). These brush dendrioles form very large synaptic junctions. The dendritic brush and the large endings of the axonal branches are involved in the formation of cerebellar glomeruli. The UBC has one short dendrite where the granule cell has

lobule VII are affected in some cases of Pick's disease, where they develop cytoskeletal anomalies and are recognized by antibodies to abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. UBCs have also been implicated in the dysfunction of balance and motor coordination present in Down syndrome. Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of excitatory glutamatergic interneuron found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and also in the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus. The UBC has a round or oval cell body with usually a single short dendrite that ends in a brush-like tuft of short dendrioles

Uncus
helps you find the amygdala on a coronal section of the brain. Uncus The uncus is an anterior extremity of the parahippocampal gyrus. It is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a slight fissure called the incisura temporalis. Although superficially continuous with the hippocampal gyrus, the uncus forms morphologically a part of the rhinencephalon. The term comes from the Latin word uncus, meaning ""hook"", and it was coined by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr (1748–1794). The part of the olfactory cortex that is on the temporal lobe covers the area of the uncus, which leads into the two significant clinical

"Precentral gyrus"
the precentral cortex contains giant (70-100 micrometers) ""pyramidal neurons"" (a.k.a. ""Betz cells""), which send long axons to the contralateral motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. These axons form the corticospinal tract. The ""Betz cells""' along with their long axons are referred to as the upper motor neuron (UMN). There is a precise somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex, with the leg area located medially (close to the midline), and the head and face area located laterally on the convex side

"Interpeduncular nucleus"
Interpeduncular nucleus The Interpeduncular nucleus is an unpaired, ovoid cell group at the base of the midbrain tegmentum. It is located in the mesencephalon below the interpeduncular fossa. As the name suggests, the interpeduncular nucleus lies ""in between"" the cerebral peduncles. The Interpeduncular nucleus is primarily GABAergic and contains at least two neuron clusters of different morphologies. The region is divided into 7 paired and unpaired subnuclei The presence of non-homologous subdivisions of the Interpeduncular nucleus was first noticed by Cajal over a hundred years ago. The currently recognized standard subdivision notation was mostly established by Hammill and Lenn in

what was the date of the signing of the declaration of independence

ceremony took place on July 4, yet most historians have accepted the argument which David McCullough articulates in his biography of John Adams: ""No such scene, with all the delegates present, ever occurred at Philadelphia."" Legal historian Wilfred Ritz concluded in 1986 that about 34 delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and that the others signed on or after August 2. Ritz argues that the engrossed copy of the Declaration was signed by Congress on July 4, as Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin had stated, and that it was implausible that all three men had been mistaken. He believes that

in favor and New York abstaining. The date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams all wrote that it was signed by Congress on the day when it was adopted on July 4, 1776. That assertion is seemingly confirmed by the signed copy of the Declaration, which is dated July 4. Additional support for the July 4 date is provided by the ""Journals of Congress"", the official public record of the Continental Congress. The proceedings for 1776 were first published in 1777, and the entry for July 4

prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress. Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on

Independence Day (United States) Independence Day (colloquial: the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as free and independent states, the United States of America, and were no longer connected to the British Crown. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various

"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)"
Trumbull's painting. Cut out from the scene are: the farthest four figures on the left—George Wythe, William Whipple, Josiah Bartlett, and Thomas Lynch, Jr.; the farthest two figures on the right—Thomas McKean and Philip Livingston; and one of three figures seated in the left rear—George Walton. Additionally, two unrecognized figures were added: one in between Samuel Chase and Lewis Morris and another between James Wilson and Francis Hopkinson, bringing the total number of figures shown in this presentation scene to 42. Trumbull painted a smaller version (only ) entitled ""The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776"" (1786–1820) that is now

"Button Gwinnett"
first person to hold the official title of ""governor"" of Georgia under American administration. (By coincidence, Treutlen himself was slain a few years later, reportedly by a mob.) Gwinnett's autograph is highly sought by collectors as a result of a combination of the desire by many top collectors to acquire a complete set of autographs by all 56 signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and the extreme rarity of the Gwinnett signature; there are 51 known examples, since Gwinnett was fairly obscure prior to signing the Declaration and died shortly afterward. Only ten of those are in private hands.

This part of the image was correctly depicted on the two-dollar bill version. The following key to the figures in the painting follows the numbering used by the U.S. government publication ""Art of the Capitol"" (in the illustration of the key shown in this section) but provides a different (hopefully clearer) description of which figure is where in the painting, so numbers are not entirely in order. Key to figures (in each group, listed from left to right): Four men seated on the far left: Seated at the table on the left: Seated together to the right of Harrison and

delegation before the August 2 signing. Rogers had voted for the resolution of independence but was no longer a delegate on August 2. Alsop favored reconciliation with Great Britain and so resigned rather than add his name to the document. Dickinson refused to sign, believing the Declaration premature, but he remained in Congress. George Read had voted against the resolution of independence, and Robert Morris had abstained—yet they both signed the Declaration. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and

"Signing of the United States Constitution"
attend or chose not to attend. In all, fifty-five delegates participated in the convention, though thirteen of them dropped out, either for personal reasons in protest over decisions made during the deliberations. Three individuals remained engaged in the work of the convention until its completion, but then refused to sign the final draft. The names of thirty-nine delegates are inscribed upon the proposed constitution. Among them is John Dickinson, who, indisposed by illness, authorized George Read to sign his name by proxy. Additionally, the convention's secretary, William Jackson, while not himself a delegate, signed the document to authenticate the results

"The Federalist Papers"
Hamilton's list, but provided his own list for the 1818 Gideon edition of ""The Federalist"". Madison claimed twenty-nine numbers for himself, and he suggested that the difference between the two lists was ""owing doubtless to the hurry in which [Hamilton's] memorandum was made out."" A known error in Hamilton's list—Hamilton incorrectly ascribed No. 54 to John Jay, when in fact, Jay wrote No. 64—provided some evidence for Madison's suggestion. Statistical analysis has been undertaken on several occasions in attempts to accurately identify the author of each individual essay. After examining word choice and writing style, studies generally agree that the

living at Mount Vernon; he owned 124 outright and held 153 for his wife's dower interest. At times, Mount Vernon slaves ran away to find freedom. To avoid any controversy Washington used secretive methods to return them rather than post public advertisements in the North. The ratified Constitution that Washington signed protected slavery adopting the and the , while extending the slave trade for twenty years. Washington received public criticism in Massachusetts for his silence on slavery at the convention. Washington never set any of his slaves free, but in 1799, he made a new will that directed his 124

an informal synonym for ""signature"". A commonly circulated but apocryphal account claims that, after Hancock signed, the delegate from Massachusetts commented, ""The British ministry can read that name without spectacles."" Another apocryphal report indicates that Hancock proudly declared, ""There! I guess King George will be able to read that!"" Various legends emerged years later about the signing of the Declaration, when the document had become an important national symbol. In one famous story, John Hancock supposedly said that Congress, having signed the Declaration, must now ""all hang together"", and Benjamin Franklin replied: ""Yes, we must indeed all hang together, or

"One Tree Hill (season 3)"
and Brooke begin a relationship. Keith and Karen get engaged. Nathan patches things up with Lucas, while Mouth begins a complicated relationship with newcomer Rachel, who also spreads a lot of drama through the core characters. After a shooting at the school things between Lucas and Peyton heat up despite Peyton's proposal to Jake. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The DVD release of season three was released after the season has completed broadcast on television. It has been released in Regions 1, 2 and 4. As well as every episode from the season, the DVD release features bonus material such as audio commentaries on

"Winners & Losers (season 3)"
Winners & Losers (season 3) The third season of the television drama series ""Winners & Losers"" was aired in three parts on the Seven Network in Australia. Season 3A – comprising 13 episodes – aired from 9 July to 25 September 2013 while Season 3B – comprising 13 episodes – aired from 28 January to 24 June 2014, before the immediate start of season 4. It replaced ""Packed to the Rafters"" due to the series ending. Season three follows the lives of Jenny, Bec, Sophie and Frances four months on from the death of Bec's husband Matt. Filming for the

"Shameless (season 3)"
of the season. The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers. Fiona adapts to life with Jimmy when he moves into the Gallagher house. Jimmy has more pressing concerns however when Estefania's father makes him an accomplice in murder and forces him into a worrying situation. He has more shocks in store when he discovers that his father is secretly gay and in a relationship with Ian. Mandy and Lip deal with problems in their relationship- has Lip really been able to let Karen go?- while Mandy secretly does Lip's college applications for him. Meanwhile, Mickey is out of prison and

4 July 2013. Of the series, Melanie Vallejo told Scott Gavin from ""TV Week"", ""the show has evolved quite a bit. It's not just about four girls anymore. Each of their four worlds has become bigger and more complicated."" Of the return of the third series, Erin Millar from the same publication wrote, ""there's plenty of love in the air, but this season won't be all about romance."" Script producer, Dan Bennett confirmed that there are 26 episodes in season three. Bec must deal with the painful reality of Matt's death, Frances's sense of security is deeply affected following a

"Arrow (season 3)"
Katie Kulzick, of A.V. Club noted that the season had a habit of ""making bold moves and all too frequently backing away from, rather than embracing, the ramifications of these series-altering decisions."" Despite the season's ""significant problems"", she felt groundwork had been laid for interesting potential storylines, in particular the development of Thea Queen becoming a member of the team as Speedy, for Felicity Smoak with Palmer Technologies and for Oliver to develop a fresh perspective. The season finale was described as ""dull"", ""lacking scope"", and ""underwhelming"" by IGN's Jesse Schedeen in light of the ""high standard"" the show had

"Sex and the City (season 3)"
Charlotte York and Miranda Hobbes. Season three saw a more serialized approach to the series. Carrie begins dating Aidan Shaw, a furniture craftsman who stands as a polar opposite to Mr. Big, who struggles in his marriage to Natasha as well as seeing Carrie with someone else. Miranda and Steve move in with each other but find themselves going in different directions in terms of maturity. Charlotte dates and later marries Trey McDougal, who turns out to be impotent. Season three, comprising 18 episodes, aired on Sunday nights at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone. The third season saw a rise

"The Valleys (series 3)"
locations around the UK and Ireland including Liverpool, Bristol and Dublin. Despite originally being dropped from the show, Nicole announced she'd be returning for the third series. Anthony, Carley, Chidgey, Jason, Jenna and Natalee return to the house and are then joined by Lateysha who makes a grand entrance on a horse. During their first night out in Cardiff, Carley takes a shine to the new butler, Jack leaving Chidgey jealous. The next morning the group are asked to return to the Valleys to meet AK and Jordan for work. As the group all return from work they're shocked to

"Gilmore Girls (season 3)"
takes a job at Wal-Mart to buy a car and skips class to take extra shifts. He is told he hasn't done enough to graduate and ends up trying to sleep with Rory and fighting with Dean. After a visit from his estranged father Jimmy, he leaves town without telling Luke or Rory to stay with him in California. Lane finds a band to be drummer with and Lorelai and Rory let them practice in the garage. Lane starts dating bandmate Dave Rygalski in secret, using her mother's preferred prom date Young Chui as cover, until she gets drunk at

"Annie McNamara"
double his life insurance policy and made Annie and Connor the sole beneficiaries (Matt was not included because of how he wasted the money Sean gave him from selling his house in Miami). Due to this, Teddy attempts to kill off Annie and Connor in addition to Sean in order to get the insurance money—but fails. In the episode ""Conor McNamara, 2026"", Annie is 30 years old (played by Jennifer Elise Cox). Years of being the ignored middle child and separation from her father has resulted in her being afflicted with severe personality problems. She is bulimic, extremely jealous of

"Hollyoaks Later (series 3)"
series, saying: ""It felt a lot different [to ""Hollyoaks""] because we were on location so it felt like we were doing a completely different show for a lot of it. You could push the boundaries a little bit more and we touched on subjects that Hollyoaks couldn't cover properly. We had a great time, it was really good."" The official trailer of the series was released and broadcast in mid October 2010, two weeks before the series started. The series follows four stories. Riley and Seth Costello as they are invited to a party at a footballer's house and the

Yahaan
Yahaan Yahaan () is a 2005 Indian Hindi war drama, romance film jointly produced by Sahara One Motion Pictures and Red Ice Films with Shoojit Sircar as the director in his directorial debut. The film stars Jimmy Sheirgill, Minissha Lamba (in her film debut) and Yashpal Sharma in lead roles and had its theatrical release on 29 July 2005. ""Yahaan"" was also screened at the 7th Ocean's Cinefan Film Festival where it was awarded with the Special Jury Prize. Kashmir is in turmoil because of terrorists trying to take over the land and the Indian army trying to find and

"Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na"
Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na (translation: ""Whether you know... or not"") is a 2008 Indian coming of age romantic comedy film, written and directed by Abbas Tyrewala. The film stars Imran Khan and Genelia D'Souza in pivotal roles. Produced by Mansoor Khan, Aamir Khan, it marks the directional debut of Abbas Tyrewala, the debut of Imran Khan (Aamir Khan's nephew) and Prateik Babbar as actors, and the re-appearance of D'Souza in Hindi cinema. Released on 4 July 2008, the film received positive reviews and was successful at the box office. The music is by A.

Khamoshi
Khamoshi Khamoshi (Hindi: ख़ामोशी, Urdu: خاموشی, translation: ""Silence"") is a 1970 black-and-white Hindi drama film directed by Asit Sen, starring Waheeda Rehman and Rajesh Khanna. It is especially remembered for its songs with excellent music by Hemant Kumar and some excellent lyrics by Gulzar in songs such as ""Tum Pukar Lo... Tumhara Intezaar Hai"" sung by Hemant Kumar, ""Woh Shaam Kuch Ajeeb Thi"" by Kishore Kumar and ""Humne Dekhi Hai In Aankhon Ki Mehekti Khushboo"" sung by Lata Mangeshkar. Though what really made this film stand out was the B&W cinematography by Kamal Bose, who won the Filmfare Award for

the Star Screen Award for Best Music Director for this soundtrack. The track ""Kabhi Kabhi Aditi"" was nominated for Best Playback Singer (Rashid Ali) and Best Lyrics (Tyrewala) at the Filmfare awards. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 15,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's eighth highest-selling. Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na (translation: ""Whether you know... or not"") is a 2008 Indian coming of age romantic comedy film, written and directed by Abbas Tyrewala. The film stars Imran Khan and Genelia D'Souza in pivotal roles. Produced by

"Yaadon Ki Baaraat"
Tamil as ""Naalai Namadhe"", in Telugu as ""Annadammula Anubandham"", and in Malayalam as ""Himam"". The film popularized the now familiar Bollywood theme of ""siblings separated by fate"". Gangland killers assassinate an honest man who defied them, killing his wife as well. The couple's three sons flee the massacre and lose contact with each other. They grow up in entirely different circumstances and are re-united only when one of the sons, sings the song that their mother taught them at their father's birthday at the hotel. Shankar (Dharmendra), Vijay (Vijay Arora), and Ratan (Tariq Khan) are three brothers. On their father's

Jaanam Samjha Karo Jaanam Samjha Karo (, , English translation: Sweetheart, Try and Understand) is a 1999 Indian Hindi romance film directed by Andaleb Sultanpuri who is the son of veteran lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri who made his directorial debut with this film and it remains his only film he had directed. It was released on 2 April 1999. The film stars Salman Khan, Urmila Matondkar in lead roles, with Shakti Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor and Monica Bedi in supporting roles. The movie was shot in many parts of West London including Heathrow, Slough and Windsor. Chandni (Urmila Matondkar), a lower class

to $7.1 million in 1973, and is equivalent to US$ million or 255 crore in 2016. Yaadon Ki Baaraat Yaadon Ki Baaraat (English: ""Procession of Memories"") is a 1973 Indian Bollywood film, directed by Nasir Hussain and written by Salim-Javed (Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar). It featured an ensemble cast, starring Dharmendra, Zeenat Aman, Tariq Khan, Neetu Singh, Vijay Arora, Ajit Khan and Aamir Khan. The film was influential in the history of Indian cinema. It was the first masala film, combining elements of the action, drama, romance, musical, crime and thriller genres. The masala went on to become the

Baadshaho
Vaghani, DJ Chetas and Traditional Folk. The songs ""Mere Rashke Qamar"" and ""Socha Hai"" (""Kehdoon Tumhe"" from the 1975 film ""Deewaar"") are recreations for the film by lyricist Manoj Muntashir and composer Tanishk Bagchi. Their originals were written by Fana Buland Shehri and Sahir Ludhianvi, and were composed by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and R. D. Burman respectively. Baadshaho Baadshaho () is a 2017 Indian period action thriller film written by Rajat Arora, and directed and co-produced by Milan Luthria. It features Ajay Devgn, Ileana D'Cruz, Emraan Hashmi, Vidyut Jammwal, Esha Gupta and Sanjay Mishra in the lead roles. The

"Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin"
Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin (English: This Is Not Our Destination) is a 1987 Hindi drama film written and directed by Sudhir Mishra, in a directorial debut. It starred Manohar Singh, Habib Tanvir, B. M. Shah, Pankaj Kapur, Sushmita Mukherjee and Naseeruddin Shah in lead roles. At the 34th National Film Awards, it won the award for Best Debut Film of a Director. Three schooling friends now old men, are travelling by train from Bombay to Rajpur for the centenary celebration at their boarding school. On their journey, they recall their days of student activism,

"Na Tum Jaano Na Hum"
Na Tum Jaano Na Hum Na Tum Jaano Na Hum (, , translation: ""Neither you nor I know"") is a 2002 Indian romantic drama film starring Hrithik Roshan, Esha Deol and Saif Ali Khan. The film was directed by Arjun Sablok. Esha Malhotra (Esha Deol) is a bright, spirited girl who has just left college. She finds a note from a past student of her school that coincides with her own feelings of love. She calls into a radio station and requests a song, repeating the words left on the note. An anonymous man calls in soon after, stating that

"Studio zone"
over four miles outside of the original thirty mile zone. Locations rejected in negotiations included adding Lancaster and Port Hueneme to the zone. Furthermore, the addition of Pomona to the studio zone has led to an increase in filming in that city. Since the 1990s, many countries and other U.S. states have offered generous tax credits or deductions to offset the much higher cost of filming on location. The result was what Hollywood people call runaway production. Places such as New Orleans, Louisiana; Atlanta, Georgia; and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada have become popular—and cheaper—alternatives to filming in Los Angeles and

studio zone also includes some locations that technically lie outside the area, such as the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Conejo Ranch near Thousand Oaks in Ventura County, and Castaic Lake in northwest Los Angeles County. In 2010, additional locations were added: Agua Dulce, the entire community of Castaic (in addition to Castaic Lake), Leo Carrillo State Park, Moorpark, Ontario International Airport, Piru, and Pomona (including the Fairplex of which a small portion is jurisdictionally in La Verne). With respect to the locations added in 2010, producers are required to grant reasonable requests to actors for hotel accommodations if the locations listed above lie

"The Watcher in the Woods"
The film was shot primarily at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England, and the surrounding areas. St. Hubert’s Manor, the house used in the film was located near Iver Heath; it has since been deconstructed and turned into apartments. Hough used several locations that are also seen in Robert Wise's ""The Haunting"", most notably the grand mansion in which John Keller's character lives; this was the same house used for filming ""The Haunting"" (Ettington Park, Warwickshire). The shoot lasted a total of twelve weeks. During filming, producer Ron Miller would often intervene to tone down intense scenes, leading to ""unhappy compromises""

"Hollywood of the East"
Hollywood of the East Hollywood of the East (Informally: Hollywood East) are terms which refer to the film industry of Charlotte, North Carolina and South Eastern North Carolina in general. The city of Wilmington is the east coast home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestically located TV and movie production facility outside of California. ""Dream Stage 10,"" the facility's newest soundstage is the third largest in the US and houses the largest special effects water tank in North America. Since the studios opening in 1984, Wilmington has become a major center of American film and television production; motion

"Movie ranch"
Movie ranch A movie ranch is a ranch that is at least partially dedicated for the creation and production of motion pictures and television productions. Originally, they were all within the studio zone, often in the foothills of the San Fernando Valley and Simi Valley. Movie ranches first came into use for location shooting in Southern California during the 1920s with the rising popularity of westerns. Hollywood-based studios found it difficult to recreate the topography of the Old West on sound stages and studio backlots, so they looked to the rustic valleys, canyons and foothills of Southern California for filming

"Canadian Motion Picture Park Studios"
Canadian Motion Picture Park Studios Canadian Motion Picture Park Studios (CMPP) is one of the largest and newest film production centers in North America with over 350,000 square feet of facilities including 18 stages. Located in Burnaby, British Columbia, in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, the eighteen stages are state-of-the-art and purpose-built for film and television production. The CMPP complex has been home to a wide variety of production projects, including high-budget feature films, television series, and commercials. The eighteen stages range in size from 7,000 square feet to 42,000 square feet. The complex includes a unique Back Lot with

"Hollywood and Highland Center"
Blvd. from the El Capitan Theatre and offers views of the Hollywood Hills and Hollywood Sign to the north, Santa Monica Mountains to the west and downtown Los Angeles to the east. The centerpiece of the complex is a massive three-story courtyard inspired by the Babylon scene from the D.W. Griffith film ""Intolerance"". The developer of the shopping center built part of the archway and two pillars with elephant sculptures on the capitals, just as seen in the film, to the same full scale. It gives visitors an idea of how large the original set must have been. The center

"Filming permit"
handled by a non profit organization such as FilmL.A. in Los Angeles. In addition, each state may have its own permitting commission for state land. The process of film permitting can often make it difficult for independent and amateur filmmakers. Filming in large cities is generally more tightly controlled. Less populated areas may waive fees or have looser requirements and regulations, either because filming is less frequent, or because they hope to attract more production. Filming permit Filming permits are permits issued by governments to allow the filming of motion pictures. Every city and state has some sort of council

"New Mexico Territory"
County) at , and the west bank of Rio Grande at . The boundaries of the New Mexico Territory at the time of establishment (September 9, 1850) contained most of the present-day State of New Mexico, more than half of the present-day State of Arizona, and portions of the present-day states of Colorado and Nevada. Although this area was smaller than what had been included in the failed statehood proposal of early 1850, the boundary disputes with Texas had been dispelled by the Compromise of 1850. The Gadsden Purchase was acquired by the United States from Mexico in 1853/1854 (known

"New Mexico"
the Revolt of 1837. At the same time, the region became more economically dependent on the United States. At the conclusion of the Mexican–American War in 1848, the United States annexed New Mexico as the U.S. New Mexico Territory. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. Its history has given New Mexico the highest percentage of Hispanic and Latino Americans, and the second-highest percentage of Native Americans as a population proportion (after Alaska). New Mexico is home to part of the Navajo Nation, 19 federally recognized Pueblo communities of Puebloan peoples, and three

"History of New Mexico"
of the New Mexican economy. On January 6, 1912, after years of debate on whether the population of New Mexico was fully assimilated into American culture, or too immersed in corruption, President William Howard Taft twisted arms in Congress and it approved admission of New Mexico as the 47th state of the Union. The admission of neighboring Arizona on February 14, 1912 completed the contiguous 48 states. Thousands of Mexicans fled north during the extremely bloody civil war that broke out in Mexico in 1911. In 1916 Mexican military leader Pancho Villa led an invasion across the border into Columbus,

on September 9, 1850. The territory, which included all of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado, officially established its capital at Santa Fe in 1851. The U.S. territorial New Mexico census of 1850 found 61,547 people living in all the territory of New Mexico. The people of New Mexico would determine whether to permit slavery under a proposed constitution at statehood, but the status of slavery during the territorial period provoked considerable debate. The granting of statehood was up to a Congress sharply divided on the slavery issue. Some (including Stephen A. Douglas) maintained that the territory could not

"U.S. provisional government of New Mexico"
elected, Henry Connelly being chosen governor, and Manuel Álvarez, lieutenant-governor. The legislature met on July 1, 1850, and elected as United States senators Francis A. Cunningham and Richard H. Weightman, but while Mr. Weightman was on his way to Washington to claim his seat in the senate the famous compromise measures of 1850 were passed by Congress, one feature of which was the act organizing New Mexico as a territory, with boundaries including the areas now embraced in New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado. This organic act was passed September 9, 1850. In general, the leader of the native New

"New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War"
Senate in February 1863 without the Tucson-as-capital stipulation, and was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on February 24, which became the date of the official organization of the U.S. Arizona Territory. The first capital was at Fort Whipple, followed by Prescott, in the northern Union-controlled area. At the start of the Civil War, the New Mexico territorial governor was Abraham Rencher; although a Democrat from North Carolina, he refused to support secession, and called out the territorial militia to counteract the Confederate invasion of July 1861. That month he was replaced by Henry Connelly, a native of New

New Mexico Territory The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest-lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years. In 1846, during the Mexican–American War, the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico was established. Territorial boundaries were somewhat ambiguous. After the Mexican Republic formally ceded the region to the United States in 1848, this temporary wartime/military

in Tucson, ratifying Baylor's proclamation. Once again, G.H. Oury was re-elected as a congressman to the Confederate States Congress. Governor Baylor approved the proceedings, and Delegate Oury was sent off to Richmond, Virginia on October 1, 1861. Delegate Oury was not initially seated in the Congress, but met with Confederate leaders as well as President Jefferson Davis. Texas Congressman John Reagan introduced a bill on November 22, 1861 to formally create the Territory of Arizona. After two months of debate, the legislation passed on January 13, 1862, and the territory was officially created by proclamation of President Davis on February

claimed much of the same territory, although it did not control these lands. In addition, slaveholders worried about not being able to expand slavery to the west of their current slave states. The Compromise of 1850 put an end to the push for immediate New Mexico statehood. Approved by the United States Congress in September 1850, the legislation provided for the establishment of New Mexico Territory and Utah Territory. It also firmly established the disputed western boundary of Texas. The status of slavery during the territorial period provoked considerable debate. The granting of statehood was up to a Congress sharply

by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Enacted by the Confederation Congress on July 13, 1787, it created the Northwest Territory, the first organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Northwest Ordinance (Article V) provided for the admission of several new states from within its bounds: Considered one of the most important legislative acts of the Confederation Congress, it established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation. No new states were

"Geordie Shore"
Cast member Kyle Christie departed the series after four seasons. The cast had traveled to Zante, Malia, Ios, Santorini, Mykonos, and Athens for the series. Series 12 was filmed in October and November 2015 and began airing on 15 March 2016. It was the first series to include new cast members Chantelle Connelly and Marty McKenna, who had previously appeared on the third series of ""Ex on the Beach"". Marnie Simpson would also rejoin for the twelfth series having left at the end of the previous series. On 12 February 2016, MTV announced that cast members, past and present, would

on 24 May 2011 and concluded on 28 June 2011, consisting of six episodes. It was then followed by a reunion show hosted by Russell Kane where the cast discussed the series in front of an audience. This episode aired on 5 July 2011, and was followed by a ""Best Bits"" special which counted down the best moments from the first series in an episode airing 12 July 2011. The series included the turbulent relationship of Holly (who entered the house three days late) and Dan coming to an end, the beginning of Gaz and Charlotte's ongoing love/hate relationship, and

be reuniting for a mini-series to celebrate five years of the show. The series would be a six-part special and would begin on 10 May 2016. All of the current cast members would return, as well as former cast members Daniel Thomas-Tuck, James Tindale, Jay Gardner, Kyle Christie, Ricci Guarnaccio, and Sophie Kasaei. The series also featured the show's 100th episode. On 1 June 2016, original cast member Charlotte Crosby quit the show, making the Birthday Battle her final series. Series 13 was shot in June and July 2016 and began on 25 October 2016. This series featured the return

""Ex on the Beach"", with the former appearing on the third series of the show as the ex-girlfriend of current cast member Marty (before he joined the cast). Lamborghini has also appeared on ""Super Shore"" and participated in the fifth season of ""Gran Hermano VIP"", the Spanish version of ""Celebrity Big Brother"". The fifteenth series was confirmed on 8 August 2017 when a teaser video was released. The series began on 29 August 2017, and concluded after nine episodes on 17 October 2017. This was the final series to include Scotty T and Marty McKenna after they were both axed

"Geordie Shore (series 7)"
2013 as the cast members had all been absent from Twitter since then. This was the last series to feature Sophie Kasaei after she was axed from the series following a racial slur. It was also the first series to feature Sophie's cousin, Marnie Simpson and included the brief return of Jay Gardner, who had previously featured in series one to three, and again during the sixth series for two episodes. Following Vicky's arrest, she was absent from the final half of the series. This series included the cast members taking part in a number of activities on their bucket

"Geordie Shore (series 17)"
cast members had joined the series, including Grant Molloy, Adam Guthrie and four Australians, Alex MacPherson, Nick Murdoch, Dee Nguyen, and Chrysten Zenoni. Zenoni had previously appeared in the fifth series of ""Ex on the Beach"". The new cast members are to replace Aaron Chalmers and Marnie Simpson, who both announced that they'd quit the show, and Steph Snowdon who was fired after the sixteenth series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 17) The seventeenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle Upon Tyne was filmed in February 2018, and began airing from 15 May 2018. It concluded

confirmed by cast member Gaz on Twitter. However, Charlotte was absent from the beginning of filming and joined the remaining cast on 7 April. The series featured a one off return of former cast member Jay Gardner. During the series, Charlotte entered the ""Celebrity Big Brother"" house to compete in the twelfth series of the show and eventually won on 14 September 2013. The seventh series of the show began airing on 17 September 2013 and concluded on 22 October 2013, consisting of six episodes. Shooting was suspended when Holly and Vicky were both arrested on a night out for

list, new cast member Marnie isolating herself after breaking up the friendship between Gaz and Scott, and Jay returning to fix the drift between the cast members. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 7) The seventh series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was announced on 5 July 2013 after cast members Holly Hagan and Vicky Pattison had been arrested for assault on a night out during filming. The series began on 17 September 2013, just three weeks after Series 6 had concluded, and finished airing on 22 October 2013 after six episodes. This series had

rather than Newcastle, making this the second series to be filmed here following the sixth series in 2013. Former cast member Holly Hagan returned to the show in this series. Six new cast members joined the series: Grant Molloy, Adam Guthrie, and four Australians: Alexander MacPherson, Nick Murdoch, Dee Nguyen, and Chrysten Zenoni. The eighteenth series of the show was filmed in July 2018 and began airing on 16 October 2018. This will be the first series to include new cast member Faith Mullen. Original cast members Holly Hagan and James Tindale returned to the series along with Kyle Christie

Kyle Christie. The fourteenth series was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. Eight new cast members joined for this series: Zahida Allen, Chelsea Barber, Sam Bentham, Sarah Goodhart, Abbie Holborn, Elettra Lamborghini, Billy Phillips and Eve Shannon. Goodhart and Allen both previously appeared on

"Human eye"
layer, known as the fibrous tunic, is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer, known as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, pigmented epithelium and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly). The spaces of the eye are filled with the aqueous humour anteriorly, between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous body, a jelly-like substance, behind the lens, filling the entire posterior cavity. The aqueous humour is a clear watery fluid that is contained

Eye
pigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. The vitreous is the transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye. It is produced by certain retinal cells. It is of rather similar composition to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of Balazs of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), no blood vessels, and 98–99% of its volume is water (as opposed to

Choroid
Choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissues, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract. The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the

as the ""aquula"" (Latin, ""a little stream"", dim. of ""aqua"", ""water"") or ""crystalline lens"". The lens is part of the anterior segment of the human eye. In front of the lens is the iris, which regulates the amount of light entering into the eye. The lens is suspended in place by the suspensory ligament of the lens, a ring of fibrous tissue that attaches to the lens at its equator and connects it to the ciliary body. Posterior to the lens is the vitreous body, which, along with the aqueous humor on the anterior surface, bathes the lens. The lens

Cornea
be capable of making one cadaver-donor's corneal cells be expanded and be usable in more than one patient's eye. Cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. The cornea, with the anterior chamber and lens, refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK. While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the

Retina
Retina The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer, or ""coat"", of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which translates that image into electrical neural impulses to the brain to create visual perception, the retina serving much the same function as film or a CCD in a camera. The retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The neural retina refers to the three layers of neural cells (photo receptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells) within

"Ciliary body"
Ciliary body The ciliary body is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor. The vitreous humor is produced in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body. The ciliary body is part of the uvea, the layer of tissue that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the eye tissues. The ciliary body joins the ora serrata of the choroid to the root of the iris. The ciliary body is a ring-shaped thickening of tissue inside the eye that divides the posterior chamber from

"Vitreous body"
Vitreous body The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous humor or simply ""the vitreous"". The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space in the eye between the lens and the retina. It is surrounded by a layer of collagen called vitreous membrane separating it from the rest of the eye. it makes up four-fifths of the volume of the eyeball. The vitreous humour is fluid-like near the centre, and

"Vitreous membrane"
zonule via Wieger’s ligament, also known as Egger’s line"". Vitreous membrane The vitreous membrane (or hyaloid membrane or vitreous cortex) is a layer of collagen separating the vitreous humour from the rest of the eye. At least two parts have been identified anatomically. The posterior hyaloid membrane separates the rear of the vitreous from the retina. It is a false anatomical membrane. The anterior hyaloid membrane separates the front of the vitreous from the lens. Bernal et al. describe it ""as a delicate structure in the form of a thin layer that runs from the pars plana to the posterior

Uvea
Uvea The uvea (/ˈjuːvɪə/) (Lat. ""uva"", grape), also called the ""uveal layer"", ""uveal coat"", ""uveal tract"", ""vascular tunic"" or ""vascular layer"" is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern. The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the: The prime functions

"Paul Hogan"
Paul Hogan Paul Hogan, (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian comedian, actor and television presenter. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance as outback adventurer Michael ""Crocodile"" Dundee in ""Crocodile Dundee"" (1986), the first in the ""Crocodile Dundee"" film series. Paul Hogan was born in Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia. He moved to Granville in Western Sydney at a young age and worked as a rigger on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Hogan's first public appearance was

"Michael ""Crocodile"" Dundee"
2000 Summer Olympics. Michael ""Crocodile"" Dundee Michael J. ""Crocodile"" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional character, the protagonist in the ""Crocodile Dundee"" film series consisting of ""Crocodile Dundee"", ""Crocodile Dundee II"", and ""Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles"". The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rodney Ansell. In ""TV Week"" magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the USA as a cross between Chuck Norris and Rambo. This didn't sit well with Hogan who said people would rather see his character

"Gerry Skilton"
British/Australian mini-series ""The Heroes"" and Reggie Muddle in the 1996 Australian film ""Mr. Reliable"". Gerry Skilton Gerry Skilton is an Australian actor of the 20th and early 21st century. Skilton is best known as playing the character Nugget in all three of the Crocodile Dundee series of films: ""Crocodile Dundee"", ""Crocodile Dundee II"", and ""Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles"". With permission from Paul Hogan, he reprised the character in 2010 for a proposed outback-adventure reality series ""Nugget Gets A Life"" which he self-financed and had hoped to sell to a network. Among other roles, Skilton played Wayne Churchill in the

Gerry Skilton Gerry Skilton is an Australian actor of the 20th and early 21st century. Skilton is best known as playing the character Nugget in all three of the Crocodile Dundee series of films: ""Crocodile Dundee"", ""Crocodile Dundee II"", and ""Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles"". With permission from Paul Hogan, he reprised the character in 2010 for a proposed outback-adventure reality series ""Nugget Gets A Life"" which he self-financed and had hoped to sell to a network. Among other roles, Skilton played Wayne Churchill in the 1986 Australian mini-series ""Cyclone Tracy"", Corporal Andy Crilley (the ship's cook) in the 1989

Michael ""Crocodile"" Dundee Michael J. ""Crocodile"" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional character, the protagonist in the ""Crocodile Dundee"" film series consisting of ""Crocodile Dundee"", ""Crocodile Dundee II"", and ""Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles"". The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rodney Ansell. In ""TV Week"" magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the USA as a cross between Chuck Norris and Rambo. This didn't sit well with Hogan who said people would rather see his character ""who doesn't kill

"Crocodile Dundee"
relay her message to him, whereupon he climbs up to the rafters and walks to Sue on the heads and raised hands of the onlookers and kisses her. The idea to make the film came to Paul Hogan (the lead actor and one of the story writers) when he was in New York. He wondered what it would be like if a Northern Territory bushman arrived in town. As Paul Hogan said: The film's budget was raised through the 10BA tax concessions via Morgan Sharebrokers. Paul Hogan used his regular collaborators from TV, including John Cornell, Peter Faiman and Ken

"Paul Hogan (darts player)"
has qualified for another World Championship and will be taking part in the 2019 BDO World Darts Championship. Paul Hogan (darts player) Paul Hogan (born 30 August 1963 in Dudley) is an English darts player. He is nicknamed ""Crocodile Dundee"" after the movie starring his namesake, the Australian actor Paul Hogan. Hogan made his World Championship debut in 1995, reaching the quarter finals. He beat Per Skau and Sean Palfrey before losing to Richie Burnett who went on to win the tournament. He returned the next year but couldn't repeat his performance of twelve months earlier, losing in the first

"Michael Caine"
Michael Caine Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer and author. He has appeared in more than 125 films in a career spanning 50 years and is considered a British film icon. Known for his cockney accent, Caine was born in South London, where during his early childhood, he and his parents lived in a rented flat on Urlwin Street, in Camberwell. He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including ""Zulu"" (1964), ""The Ipcress File"" (1965), ""Alfie"" (1966), for which he was nominated for an

eminence of the borough. Michael Caine Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer and author. He has appeared in more than 125 films in a career spanning 50 years and is considered a British film icon. Known for his cockney accent, Caine was born in South London, where during his early childhood, he and his parents lived in a rented flat on Urlwin Street, in Camberwell. He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including ""Zulu"" (1964), ""The Ipcress File"" (1965), ""Alfie"" (1966), for which he

"Major Dundee"
print by Technicolor. During the American Civil War, Union cavalry officer Major Amos Dundee (Charlton Heston) has been relieved of his command for an unspecified tactical error at the Battle of Gettysburg (it is implied that he showed too much initiative) and sent to head a prisoner-of-war camp in the New Mexico Territory. After a family of ranchers and a relief column of cavalry are massacred by an Apache war chief named Sierra Charriba (Michael Pate), Dundee, seizes the opportunity for glory, sends out his scout Samuel Potts (James Coburn) to locate Charriba and begins raising his own private army.

a bond that the issuer has the right to pay off before its maturity date

"Fixed rate bond"
Fixed rate bond In finance, a fixed rate bond is a type of debt instrument bond with a fixed coupon (interest) rate, as opposed to a floating rate note. A fixed rate bond is a long term debt paper that carries a predetermined interest rate. The interest rate is known as coupon rate and interest is payable at specified dates before bond maturity. Due to the fixed coupon, the market value of a fixed-rate bond is susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates, and therefore has a significant amount of interest rate risk. That being said, the fixed-rate bond, although a

"Bond (finance)"
maturity of a bond. The maturity can be any length of time, although debt securities with a term of less than one year are generally designated money market instruments rather than bonds. Most bonds have a term of up to 30 years. Some bonds have been issued with terms of 50 years or more, and historically there have been some issues with no maturity date (irredeemable). In the market for United States Treasury securities, there are three categories of bond maturities: The coupon is the interest rate that the issuer pays to the holder. Usually this rate is fixed throughout

conservative investment, is highly susceptible to a loss in value due to inflation. The fixed-rate bond’s long maturity schedule and predetermined coupon rate offers an investor a solidified return, while leaving the individual exposed to a rise in the consumer price index and overall decrease in their purchasing power. The coupon rate attached to the fixed-rate bond is payable at specified dates before the bond reaches maturity; the coupon rate and the fixed-payments are delivered periodically to the investor at a percentage rate of the bond’s face value. Due to a fixed-rate bond’s lengthy maturity date, these payments are typically

Bond (finance) In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. The most common types of bonds include municipal bonds and corporate bonds. The bond is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and (depending on the terms of the bond) is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity date. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semiannual, annual, sometimes monthly). Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be

the amount on which the issuer pays interest, and which, most commonly, has to be repaid at the end of the term. Some structured bonds can have a redemption amount which is different from the face amount and can be linked to the performance of particular assets. The issuer has to repay the nominal amount on the maturity date. As long as all due payments have been made, the issuer has no further obligations to the bond holders after the maturity date. The length of time until the maturity date is often referred to as the term or tenure or

"Maturity (finance)"
date"". However some such instruments may have no fixed maturity date. Loans with no maturity date continue indefinitely (unless repayment is agreed between the borrower and the lenders at some point) and may be known as ""perpetual stocks"". Some instruments have a range of possible maturity dates, and such stocks can usually be repaid at any time within that range, as chosen by the borrower. A serial maturity is when bonds are all issued at the same time but are divided into different classes with different, staggered redemption dates. In the financial press, the term, maturity, is sometimes used as

"Callable bond"
Callable bond A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately. The call price will usually exceed the par or issue

bond is redeemed, whereas stocks typically remain outstanding indefinitely. An exception is an irredeemable bond, such as a consol, which is a perpetuity, that is, a bond with no maturity. In English, the word """" relates to the etymology of ""bind"". In the sense ""instrument binding one to pay a sum to another"", use of the word ""bond"" dates from at least the 1590s. Bonds are issued by public authorities, credit institutions, companies and supranational institutions in the primary markets. The most common process for issuing bonds is through underwriting. When a bond issue is underwritten, one or more securities

"Corporate bond"
Corporate bond A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation in order to raise financing for a variety of reasons such as to ongoing operations, M&A, or to expand business. The term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments, with maturity of at least one year. Corporate debt instruments with maturity shorter than one year are referred to as commercial paper. The term ""corporate bond"" is not strictly defined. Sometimes, the term is used to include all bonds except those issued by governments in their own currencies. In this case governments issuing in other currencies (such as the

options embedded. Callable bond A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately. The call price will usually exceed the par

who makes the decisions about what to produce in a market economy

"Market economy"
Market economy A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand. The major characteristic of a market economy is the existence of factor markets that play a dominant role in the allocation of capital and the factors of production. Market economies range from minimally regulated ""free market"" and laissez-faire systems—where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private ownership—to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting

"Market mechanism"
individuals); in a planned economy, all the resources are owned by the public sector (local and central government); and, in a mixed economy, some resources are owned by both sectors, private and public. In reality the first two are mostly theoretical and the third is common. Resources are allocated according to the forces of supply and demand. Government's interference in the market mechanism leads to economic inefficiency when it is applied to private goods. Prices convey a lot of information. They not only tell producers what to produce but also inform the producers to produce what people want. The more

income, and prices are determined by markets, whether regulated or unregulated. There are different variations of capitalism with different relationships to markets. In Laissez-faire and free market variations of capitalism, markets are utilized most extensively with minimal or no state intervention and minimal or no regulation over prices and the supply of goods and services. In interventionist, welfare capitalism and mixed economies, markets continue to play a dominant role but are regulated to some extent by government in order to correct market failures or to promote social welfare. In state capitalist systems, markets are relied upon the least, with the

on the interaction of supply and demand to reach or approximate an equilibrium where unit price for a particular good or service is at a point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. Governments can intervene by establishing price ceilings or price floors in specific markets (such as minimum wage laws in the labor market), or use fiscal policy to discourage certain consumer behavior or to address market externalities generated by certain transactions (Pigovian taxes). Different perspectives exist on the role of government in both regulating and guiding market economies and in addressing social inequalities produced by markets. Fundamentally

"Market (economics)"
and information. The exchange of goods or services, with or without money, is a transaction. Market participants consist of all the buyers and sellers of a good who influence its price, which is a major topic of study of economics and has given rise to several theories and models concerning the basic market forces of supply and demand. A major topic of debate is how much a given market can be considered to be a ""free market"", that is free from government intervention. Microeconomics traditionally focuses on the study of market structure and the efficiency of market equilibrium; when the

market protections, and a less generous welfare state eschewing collective bargaining schemes found in the continental and northern European models of capitalism. The East Asian model of capitalism involves a strong role for state investment, and in some instances involves state-owned enterprises. The state takes an active role in promoting economic development through subsidies, the facilitation of ""national champions"", and an export-based model of growth. The actual practice of this model varies by country. This designation has been applied to the economies of Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and the People's Republic of China. A related concept in political science

social welfare. State-directed or dirigist economies are those where the state plays a directive role in guiding the overall development of the market through industrial policies or indicative planning—which guides but does ""not"" substitute the market for economic planning—a form sometimes referred to as a mixed economy. Market economies are contrasted with planned economies where investment and production decisions are embodied in an integrated economy-wide economic plan by a single organizational body that owns and operates the economy’s means of production. Market economies rely upon a price system to signal market actors to adjust production and investment. Price formation relies

a market economy requires that a price system affected by supply and demand exists as the primary mechanism for allocating resources irrespective of the level of regulation. For market economies to function efficiently, governments must establish clearly defined and enforceable property rights for assets and capital goods. However, property rights does not specifically mean private property rights, and market economies do not logically presuppose the existence of private ownership of the means of production. Market economies can and often do include various types of cooperatives or autonomous state-owned enterprises that acquire capital goods and raw materials in capital markets. These

or may be constructed deliberately by human interaction in order to enable the exchange of rights (cf. ownership) of services and goods. Markets generally supplant gift economies and are often held in place through rules and customs, such as a booth fee, competitive pricing, and source of goods for sale (local produce or stock registration). Markets can differ by products (goods, services) or factors (labour and capital) sold, product differentiation, place in which exchanges are carried, buyers targeted, duration, selling process, government regulation, taxes, subsidies, minimum wages, price ceilings, legality of exchange, liquidity, intensity of speculation, size, concentration, exchange asymmetry,

"Market production"
supply, and how much purchasers wish to buy). For example, a school or a university would be a market producer, if it charges fees which are based on their production costs, and which are sufficiently high to influence demand for their services. The school or university would have to generate a definite operating surplus (profit) or loss. Non-market production, by contrast, includes producing units which provide most of their output to others ""either"" free of charge, ""or"" at prices which are ""not economically significant"" - for example, government institutions, households, or non-profit institutions. If prices are charged for services supplied,

"Dominican War of Independence"
Dominican War of Independence The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. In 1844, the members of La Trinitaria chose El Conde, the prominent “Gate of the Count” in the old city walls, as

Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, Ramón Matías Mella, and Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle-rancher from El Seibo who commanded a private army of peons who worked on his estates. On February 27, 1844, some 100 Dominicans seized the fortress of Puerta del Conde in the city of Santo Domingo, and the following day the Haitian garrison surrendered. As these Haitian troops withdrew to the west side of the island, they pillaged and burned. Mella headed the provisional governing junta of the new Dominican Republic. On March 14, Duarte finally returned after recovering from his illness and was greeted in celebration. Haitian

of Haiti had a ratio of 8:1 compared to the Dominican population of 1822. On February 9, 1822, Boyer formally entered the capital city, Santo Domingo, where he was met and received by Núñez who handed to him the keys of the Palace. Boyer then proclaimed: ""I have not come into this city as a conqueror but by the will of its inhabitants"". The island was thus united from ""Cape Tiburon to Cape Samana in possession of one government."" Eventually, the Haitian government became extremely unpopular throughout the country. The Dominican population grew increasingly impatient with Haiti's poor management and

the time. However, due to the Haitian government's mismanagement, heavy military disputes, and an economic crisis the Haitian government became increasingly unpopular. A conspiracy of Dominicans in Santo Domingo called La Trinitaria hastened the end of the Haitian occupation. Late in 1821 the leader José Núñez de Cáceres proclaimed Santo Domingo's adhesion to the new “Republic of Gran Colombia”, created by Simón Bolívar, but the determination of the island elite to perpetuate their privileged status by maintaining intact all colonial-era institutions such as social hierarchy, land titles, and slavery doomed this limited experiment in liberty to failure two months later.

""Le signifie"" (unk guns) and ""La Mouche"" (unk guns) off Tortuguero on April 15. On June 17, 1845, the Dominicans, only a little over a year after winning independence from Haiti, invaded their former master in retaliation for Haitian border raids. The invaders captured two towns on the Plateau du Centre and established a bastion at Cachimán. Haitian President Jean-Louis Pierrot quickly mobilized his army and counterattacked on July 22, driving the invaders from Cachimán and back across the frontier. In the first significant naval action between the Hispaniolan rivals, a Dominican squadron captured 3 small Haitian warships and 149

Republic of Haiti. On August 15 and 16, mulattoes José Leocadio, Pedro Seda, and Pedro Henriquez, with other conspirators, attacked the Mendoza hacienda in Mojarra in the municipality of Guerra near the capital. Seda and Henriquez were apprehended and executed; Leocadio was captured within days, hanged, dismembered, and boiled in oil. A year later enslaved laborers in the rural community El Chavón also rebelled, but they were quickly caught and executed. Spain's hold over Santo Domingo remained precarious. The arrival of the fugitive Simón Bolívar and his followers in Haiti in 1815 alarmed the Spanish authorities in Santo Domingo. Following

seamen off Puerto Plata on December 21. On March 9, 1849, President Faustin Soulouque of Haiti led 10,000 troops in an invasion of the Dominican Republic. Dominican General (and presidential contender) Santana raised 6,000 soldiers and, with the help of several gunboats, routed the Haitian invaders at El Número on April 17 and at Las Carreras on April 21–22. In November 1849, a small naval campaign was undertaken in which Dominican government schooners captured Anse-à-Pitres and one or two other villages on the southern coast of Haiti, which were sacked and burned by the Dominicans. The Dominicans also captured Dame-Marie,

two-pronged attack by Haitians was successfully repelled by an under-equipped Dominican army under the command of the wealthy rancher Gen. Pedro Santana. Four years later, it took a Dominican flotilla harassing Haitian coastal villages, and land reinforcements in the south to force the determined Haitian emperor into a one-year truce. In the most thorough and intense encounter of all, Dominican irregulars armed with swords sent Haitian troops into flight on all three fronts in 1855. At the beginning of the 1800s, the colony of Santo Domingo, which had once been the headquarters of Spanish power in the New World, was

in its worst decline. Spain during this time was embroiled in the Peninsular War in Europe, and other various wars to maintain control of the Americas. With Spain's resources spread among its global interest, Santo Domingo and other Caribbean territories became neglected. This period is referred to as the España Boba era. The population of the Spanish colony stood at approximately 80,000 with the vast majority being European descendants and free people of color. For most of its history, Santo Domingo had an economy based on mining and cattle ranching. The Spanish colony's plantation economy never truly flourished, because of

Commander, Charles Rivière-Hérard, sent three columns totaling 30,000 men to crush the Dominican uprising. In the south, Hérard was checked by Dominican forces led by Pedro Santana at Azua on March 19. In the north, General Jean-Louis Pierrot and 15,000 Haitians were repelled in an attack on Santiago by the garrison commanded by José María Imbert. As the Haitians retreated, they laid waste to land. Meanwhile, at sea, the Dominican schooners ""Maria Chica"" (3 guns), commanded by Juan Bautista Maggiolo, and the ""Separación Dominicana"" (5 guns), commanded by Juan Bautista Cambiaso, defeated a Haitian brigantine ""Pandora"" (unk guns) plus schooners

"Richard Keith (actor)"
Richard Keith (actor) Keith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950) is a former American child actor and musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcoms ""I Love Lucy"" and ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"". His last name, which was Cajun French, was changed by producer Desi Arnaz to ""Keith"" because ""Thibodeaux"" was too difficult to pronounce. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from ""I Love Lucy"". Thibodeaux showed skill on the drums at a young age, and was making $500 a week at the age of 3 while touring with the Horace Heidt Orchestra. His father

"Kathy Thibodeaux"
Kathy Thibodeaux Kathy Thibodeaux is an American ballet dancer who, in 1986, became co-founder and Artistic Director of Ballet Magnificat!. Born Kathy Denton, she studied under American Ballet Theatre’s Albia Kavan and Rex Cooper at the Jackson Ballet School (later Ballet Mississippi). In 1976, she married Keith Thibodeaux, a former child actor and musician, best known for playing Ricky Ricardo, Jr. (""Little Ricky"") in ""I Love Lucy"" and ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"" television shows. (He was credited for those series as Richard Keith.) In 1978, Kathy became one of Jackson Ballet Company’s first contracted dancers, dancing as a principal until

"I Love Lucy"
morning. Unlike some programs that advance the age of a newborn over a short period, ""I Love Lucy"" at first allowed the Little Ricky character to grow up in real time. America saw Little Ricky as an infant in the 1952–53 season and a toddler from 1953 to 1956. However, for the 1956-57 season, Little Ricky suddenly aged by two years, becoming a young school-age boy from 1956 to 1960. Five actors played the role, two sets of twins and later Keith Thibodeaux, whose stage name when playing Ricky Ricardo Jr. was Richard Keith. (In the Superman episode, Little Ricky

he performs comfortably in many other episodes, such as ""The Ricardos Visit Cuba,"" where he plays the conga drum alongside his father; ""Little Ricky's School Pageant,"" where he plays the lead; and ""Ragtime Band,"" where Little Ricky plays the drums alongside his mother and godparents. Ricky Ricardo Jr. Enrique Alberto Ricardo IV, ""Little Ricky,"" is a fictional character from the American television series ""I Love Lucy"" (1951–57, with Ricky Jr. becoming a part of the show as of his birth in 1953) and ""The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour"" (1957–60). Little Ricky was played by a number of actors, including James John

"Lucy Goes to the Hospital"
Lucy Goes to the Hospital ""Lucy Goes to the Hospital"" is an episode of the 1950s American television show ""I Love Lucy"" in which the title character, Lucy Ricardo, gives birth to her son, ""Little Ricky,"" after a ""predictably chaotic"" sequence of events. Twelve hours before the broadcast, the actress who played Lucy Ricardo, Lucille Ball, had given birth to Desi Arnaz, Jr. by cesarean section. The episode had actually been filmed on November 14, 1952. The episode was the culmination of an unprecedented pairing of the fictional pregnancy of Lucy with the real-life pregnancy of Lucille Ball; ""real-time pregnancy

"Lucy and Ricky Ricardo"
delivers his tagline, a heavily-accented ""Lucy, you got some 'splaining to do!"". They have a son Ricky Ricardo Jr., also called ""Little Ricky"", portrayed by child actor Richard Keith. Lucy's full name (Lucille Esmeralda Ricardo McGillicuddy) is given in the season 1 episodes ""Fred and Ethel Fight"" and ""The Marriage License,"" and ""The Passports"" in season 5. Ricky gives his full name in the season 4 episode ""Hollywood Anniversary"" as Ricardo Alberto Fernando Ricardo y de Acha, but in the season 6 episode ""Lucy Raises Tulips"" Lucy calls him ""Enrique Alberto Fernando Ricardo y de Acha III"". The marriage between

post-""Lucy"" acting career, particularly his four-year irregular stint on ""The Andy Griffith Show"", he was billed as Richard Keith. In the show, Little Ricky is the son of Lucy Ricardo and Ricky Ricardo. Little Ricky lives with his parents in a New York Brownstone apartment building, which is owned and run by his godparents; the family later moves to a large suburban house in Westport, Connecticut. Lucy finds out she was expecting Little Ricky on the Season 2 episode ""Lucy is Enceinte."" The episode in which he is born, ""Lucy goes to the Hospital,"" was aired on the same day

"Desi Arnaz"
Desi Arnaz Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), better known as Desi Arnaz or Desi Arnaz, Sr., was a Cuban-born American actor, musician, and television producer. He is best remembered for his role as Ricky Ricardo on the American television series sitcom ""I Love Lucy"". He co-starred on that show with dramatic and comedic actress Lucille Ball (1911-1989), to whom he was married at the time. He and Ball are generally credited as the inventors of the syndicated rerun, which they pioneered with the ""I Love Lucy"" series. Arnaz and Lucille Ball

2018, co-starring Sarah Drew as Lucille Ball, and Seamus Dever as ""I Love Lucy"" creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution. Desi Arnaz Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), better known as Desi Arnaz or Desi Arnaz, Sr., was a Cuban-born American actor, musician, and television producer. He is best remembered for his role as Ricky Ricardo on the American television series sitcom ""I Love Lucy"". He co-starred on that

"I Wanna Be the Only One"
I Wanna Be the Only One ""I Wanna Be the Only One"" is a song by British R&B girl group Eternal and American R&B and gospel singer BeBe Winans. It was the third single released from their album ""Before the Rain"". Topping the UK Singles Chart, the release became the group's third collaboration with BeBe Winans, who produced 1994's ""Crazy"" (from ""Always & Forever"") and 1995's ""It Will Never End"" (from ""Power of a Woman""). The single became the group's 11th non-consecutive top ten entry on the UK Singles Chart. ""I Wanna Be the Only One"" became Eternal's biggest hit

to date: it was the third most played song on British radio and the most played song on European radio by a UK act in 1997. It earned Eternal a MOBO Award and Capital FM Award for Best Single. It was also nominated for Best Single at the BRIT Awards. As of May 2017, the song has sold 650,000 copies in the UK. CD1 CD2 I Wanna Be the Only One ""I Wanna Be the Only One"" is a song by British R&B girl group Eternal and American R&B and gospel singer BeBe Winans. It was the third single released

"You Are the Only One (Emily Osment song)"
You Are the Only One (Emily Osment song) You Are the Only One is a song performed by American artist Emily Osment. The song was released for digital download on February 27, 2010 as the second single from Osment's debut extended play, ""All the Right Wrongs"". Overall, the song was deemed unsuccessful and failed to chart in the United States, however, it made some impact on the Canadian Digital Charts. ""You Are the Only One"" was co-written by Emily Osment, along with James Maxwell Collins and Anthony Fagenson. The song was recorded by Osment while on the set of the

"The One and Only (song)"
The One and Only (song) ""The One and Only"" is a song written by Nik Kershaw, and recorded by the British singer Chesney Hawkes. Produced by Kershaw and Alan Shacklock, Hawkes's recording was featured in the 1991 film ""Buddy's Song"" which starred Hawkes as the eponymous Buddy and Roger Daltrey (of rock band The Who) as his father. The film performed moderately well at the UK box office, but the song was a hit in that country's music charts, spending five weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart in March and April 1991. The song was later featured

"The Only One (The Cure song)"
The Only One (The Cure song) ""The Only One"" is a single by the British band The Cure which was released on 13 May 2008 on Geffen Records in the United Kingdom. The single was released in the United States on 20 May 2008. It is the first single to be released by The Cure in over three and a half years — their last single being 2004's ""Taking Off"" / ""alt.end"". It is also the first single from the 2008 album, """". The single was produced by Robert Smith and Keith Uddin. The song debuted live on 7 October

"Eternal (group)"
disbanded in 2000. Eternal made a brief comeback in 2013, with Kéllé Bryan returning to the group, only for the group to disband once again in 2014. They were considered the UK's answer to the American girl group En Vogue. Eternal's 1993 debut album ""Always & Forever"" peaked at number two on the UK Album Chart and went four-times platinum in the UK. In 1997, they reached number one on the UK Singles Chart with ""I Wanna Be the Only One"", which won them the 1997 Mobo Award for Best Single. They also received seven Brit Award nominations. In total

"I'm the Only One"
I'm the Only One ""I'm the Only One"" is a Melissa Etheridge song that appears on her 1993 album ""Yes I Am"". The single itself was released in 1993, and hit number eight on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary charts in January 1995. This is one of her biggest hits to date. Like many songs on her first album, ""Melissa Etheridge"", ""I'm the Only One"" deals with non-monogamous relationships. In the verses, the singer tells how much she suffers because her partner desires someone else. In the chorus, the singer reminds her partner that

the screen and chase after them. Finally, at the end of the video, Hawkes reaches out of the screen to the girl, who takes his hands and goes into the screen with him. They kiss whilst being watched by the girl's shocked friend. The One and Only (song) ""The One and Only"" is a song written by Nik Kershaw, and recorded by the British singer Chesney Hawkes. Produced by Kershaw and Alan Shacklock, Hawkes's recording was featured in the 1991 film ""Buddy's Song"" which starred Hawkes as the eponymous Buddy and Roger Daltrey (of rock band The Who) as his

the single on TV show Good Day New York. You Are the Only One (Emily Osment song) You Are the Only One is a song performed by American artist Emily Osment. The song was released for digital download on February 27, 2010 as the second single from Osment's debut extended play, ""All the Right Wrongs"". Overall, the song was deemed unsuccessful and failed to chart in the United States, however, it made some impact on the Canadian Digital Charts. ""You Are the Only One"" was co-written by Emily Osment, along with James Maxwell Collins and Anthony Fagenson. The song was

Gold
depository in the world is that of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank in New York, which holds about 3% of the gold known to exist and accounted for today, as does the similarly laden U.S. Bullion Depository at Fort Knox. In 2005 the World Gold Council estimated total global gold supply to be 3,859 tonnes and demand to be 3,754 tonnes, giving a surplus of 105 tonnes. After the August 15, 1971 Nixon shock, the price began to greatly increase, and between 1968 and 2000 the price of gold ranged widely, from a high of $850 per troy ounce ($27.33/g)

"Largest gold companies"
recorded growth in output, they are: China (450 tons +5), Russia (250 +8 tons), USA (209 tons +9), Canada (170 tons +10), Mexico (125 tons +5) and Indonesia (100 tons +25); In 2015 only Australia, Peru, Mexico, Uzbekistan and Indonesia produced more than the year before. In 2013, nine of the world's 14 major producing regions recorded growth in output, they are: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea and Russia; In 2012 only Canada, China, Ghana, Mexico, Peru and Russia produced more than the year before. In 2013, the world's five leading gold producers, in order

Gold
of about 21 meters. At $1,349 per troy ounce, 187,200 metric tonnes of gold would have a value of $8.9 trillion. , the world's largest gold producer by far was China with 455 tonnes. The second-largest producer, Australia, mined 270 tonnes in the same year, followed by Russia with 250 tonnes. Since the 1880s, South Africa has been the source of a large proportion of the world's gold supply, and about 50% of the gold presently accounted is from South Africa. Production in 1970 accounted for 79% of the world supply, about 1,480 tonnes. In 2007 China (with 276 tonnes)

"Gold holdings"
by the World Gold Council to periodically rank and report the gold holdings of countries and official organizations. On 17 July 2015, China disclosed its official gold holdings for the first time in six years and announced that they increased by about 57 percent, from 1,054 to 1,658 metric tons. The gold listed for each of the countries in the table may not be physically stored in the country listed, as central banks generally do not allow independent audits of their reserves. Gold holdings Gold holdings are the quantities of gold held by individuals, private corporations, or public entities as

"Gold mining"
single boom drill operators, and roof bolter operators represented the occupations with the highest noise exposures within gold mines. Gold mining by country: Gold rushes: Gold mining Gold mining is the resource extraction of gold by mining. As of 2017, the world's largest gold producer was China with 429.4 tonnes. The second-largest producer, Australia, mined 289.0 tonnes in the same year, followed by Russia with 272.3 tonnes. It is impossible to know the exact date that humans first began to mine gold, but some of the oldest known gold artifacts were found in the Varna Necropolis in Bulgaria. The graves

the gold ever mined totals 187,200 tonnes, as of 2017 but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%. At a price of US$1,250 per troy ounce, marked on 16 August 2017, one tonne of gold has a value of approximately US$40.2 million. The total value of all gold ever mined would exceed US$7.5 trillion at that valuation, using WGC's 2017 estimates. Since early 2011, the gold holdings of the IMF have been constant at 90.5 million troy ounces (2,814.1 metric tons). The IMF regularly maintains statistics of national assets as reported by various countries. This data is used

of total production were China (420 tons +17), Australia (250 tons +5), US (227 tons -8), Russia (218 tons +2), South Africa (145 tons -15). In 2011, all of the world's 14 major producing countries recorded growth in output except for Peru, Indonesia and Brazil (global primary production up 5.5%); list was led by China (355 tons), Australia (270 tons), USA (237 tons), Russia (200 tons), South Africa (190 tons). South Africa's drop in output (down 10% from 2010 to 2012) is not a result of resource depletion but rather high production costs. more recent additions - companies that have

"Gold reserve"
Gold reserve A gold reserve was the gold held by a national central bank, intended mainly as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay depositors, note holders (e.g. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of value, or to support the value of the national currency. The World Gold Council estimates that all the gold ever mined totaled 187,200 metric tons in 2017 but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%. At a price of US$1,250 per troy ounce, reached on 16 August 2017, one ton of gold

Gold
overtook South Africa as the world's largest gold producer, the first time since 1905 that South Africa has not been the largest. , China was the world's leading gold-mining country, followed in order by Australia, Russia, the United States, Canada, and Peru. South Africa, which had dominated world gold production for most of the 20th century, had declined to sixth place. Other major producers are the Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, Indonesia and Uzbekistan. In South America, the controversial project Pascua Lama aims at exploitation of rich fields in the high mountains of Atacama Desert, at the border between Chile and

Goldcorp
Goldcorp Goldcorp Inc. is a gold production company headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The company employs about 15,800 people worldwide, engaged in gold mining and related activities including exploration, extraction, processing and reclamation. Goldcorp’s operating assets include four mines in Canada, two mines in Mexico, and four in Central and South America. As of the third quarter of 2014, Goldcorp was the world's fourth-largest producer of gold. In June 2016, Goldcorp was named one of Corporate Knights magazine's Best 50 Corporate Citizens in Canada. In the same year, the company was also ranked among Canada's Top 100 Employers. Goldcorp

1936, playing the New York Giants, the Yankees set the team record for most runs scored in a single Series game with 18. Players crossed the plate a record 29 times in the highest-scoring World Series game in history on October 20, 1993, as the Blue Jays beat the Phillies 15–14 at Veterans Stadium in Game 4 of the 1993 World Series. Run (baseball) In baseball, a run is scored when a player advances around first, second and third base and returns safely to home plate, touching the bases in that order, before three outs are recorded and all obligations

Run (baseball) In baseball, a run is scored when a player advances around first, second and third base and returns safely to home plate, touching the bases in that order, before three outs are recorded and all obligations to reach base safely on batted balls are met or assured. A player may score by hitting a home run or by any combination of plays that puts him safely ""on base"" (that is, on first, second, or third) as a runner and subsequently brings him home. The object of the game is for a team to score more runs than its

"Home run"
Home run In baseball, a home run (abbreviated HR) is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team in the process. In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles (or making contact with either foul pole) without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run. There is also the ""inside-the-park"" home run where the batter reaches home safely while

"Home Run Derby"
Home Run Derby <noinclude> The Home Run Derby is an annual home run hitting contest in Major League Baseball (MLB) customarily held the day before the MLB All-Star Game, which places the contest on a Monday in July. Since the inaugural derby in 1985, the event has seen several rule changes, evolving from a short outs-based competition, to multiple rounds, and eventually a bracket-style timed event. The event has grown significantly from its roots in the 1980s, when it was not televised. Prior to 1991, the Home Run Derby was structured as a two-inning event with each player receiving five

"Home run"
hitters drive Fords (coined, circa 1948, by veteran pitcher Fritz Ostermueller, by way of mentoring his young teammate, Ralph Kiner). In modern times a home run is most often scored when the ball is hit over the outfield wall between the foul poles (in fair territory) before it touches the ground (in flight), and without being caught or deflected back onto the field by a fielder. A batted ball is also a home run if it touches either foul pole or its attached screen before touching the ground, as the foul poles are by definition in fair territory. Additionally, many

"Home run"
but is rather a rule of the field (or ""grounds"") being used. A fielder is allowed to reach over the wall to attempt to catch the ball as long as his feet are on or over the field during the attempt, and if the fielder successfully catches the ball while it is in flight the batter is out, even if the ball had already passed the vertical plane of the wall. However, since the fielder is not part of the field, a ball that bounces off a fielder (including his glove) and over the wall without touching the ground is

"Home run"
typified by the New York Yankees, became the championship teams, and other teams had to change their focus from the ""inside game"" to the ""power game"" in order to keep up. Before 1931, a ball that bounced over an outfield fence during a major league game was considered a home run. The rule was changed to require the ball to clear the fence on the fly, and balls that reached the seats on a bounce became ground rule doubles in most parks. A carryover of the old rule is that if a player deflects a ball over the outfield fence

"Home run"
(2) of Rule 7.10(b). An inside-the-park home run occurs when a batter hits the ball into play and is able to circle the bases before the fielders can put him out. Unlike with an outside-the-park home run, the batter-runner and all preceding runners are liable to be put out by the defensive team at any time while running the bases. This can only happen if the ball does not leave the ballfield. In the early days of baseball, outfields were relatively much more spacious, reducing the likelihood of an over-the-fence home run, while increasing the likelihood of an inside-the-park home

"Home run"
with the foul line, as a visual aid for the umpire. Ballparks still use a visual aid much like the ropes; a net or screen attached to the foul poles on the fair side has replaced ropes. As with American football, where a touchdown once required a literal ""touch down"" of the ball in the end zone but now only requires the ""breaking of the [vertical] plane"" of the goal line, in baseball the ball need only ""break the plane"" of the fence in fair territory (unless the ball is caught by a player who is in play, in which

"Home run"
run, as a ball getting past an outfielder had more distance that it could roll before a fielder could track it down. Modern outfields are much less spacious and more uniformly designed than in the game's early days, therefore inside-the-park home runs are now a rarity. They usually occur when a fast runner hits the ball deep into the outfield and the ball bounces in an unexpected direction away from the nearest outfielder (e.g., off a divot in the grass or off the outfield wall), or an outfielder misjudges the flight of the ball in a way that he cannot

"Willie Blount"
Willie Blount Willie Blount (April 18, 1768September 10, 1835) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1809 to 1815. Blount's efforts to raise funds and soldiers during the War of 1812 earned Tennessee the nickname, ""Volunteer State."" He was the younger half-brother of Southwest Territory governor, William Blount. Willie (pronounced ""Wiley"") was born at Blount Hall in Bertie County in the Province of North Carolina, to Jacob Blount and his second wife, Hannah Salter Blount. He studied at the College of New Jersey (modern Princeton) and King's College (modern Columbia). He read law with Judge John

is named in Willie Blount's honor for his assistance during the Creek War. Willie Blount Willie Blount (April 18, 1768September 10, 1835) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1809 to 1815. Blount's efforts to raise funds and soldiers during the War of 1812 earned Tennessee the nickname, ""Volunteer State."" He was the younger half-brother of Southwest Territory governor, William Blount. Willie (pronounced ""Wiley"") was born at Blount Hall in Bertie County in the Province of North Carolina, to Jacob Blount and his second wife, Hannah Salter Blount. He studied at the College of New Jersey

"Isham G. Harris"
Isham G. Harris Isham Green Harris (February 10, 1818July 8, 1897) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1857 to 1862, and as a U.S. Senator from 1877 until his death. He was the state's first governor from West Tennessee. A pivotal figure in the state's history, Harris was considered by his contemporaries the person most responsible for leading Tennessee out of the Union and aligning it with the Confederacy during the Civil War. Harris rose to prominence in state politics in the late 1840s when he campaigned against the anti-slavery initiatives of northern Whigs. He

"James C. Jones"
James C. Jones James Chamberlain Jones (April 20, 1809October 29, 1859) was an American politician who served as the Governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, and as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1851 to 1857. A Whig, Jones twice defeated rising politician James K. Polk for the governorship (in 1841 and 1843). He was the first native-born Tennessean to be elected governor. Jones's first gubernatorial term was marked by gridlock with the state senate, which was led by a group of Democratic senators known as the ""Immortal Thirteen."" His second term was more productive, as his fellow

"John Sevier"
terms as Tennessee's governor, from 1796 until 1801, and from 1803 to 1809, with term limits preventing a fourth consecutive term in both instances. His political career was marked by a growing rivalry with rising politician Andrew Jackson, which nearly culminated in a duel in 1803. After his last term as governor, Sevier was elected to three terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1811 until his death in 1815. John Sevier was born in 1745 in Augusta County in the Colony of Virginia, near what is now the town of New Market (Sevier's birthplace is now

"John C. Brown"
John C. Brown John Calvin Brown (January 6, 1827August 17, 1889) was an American politician, soldier and businessman. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1871 to 1875, and was president of the state's 1870 constitutional convention, which wrote the current Tennessee State Constitution. Although he originally opposed secession, Brown fought for the Confederacy during the American Civil War, eventually rising to the rank of major general. A leader of the state's Bourbon Democrats, Brown dedicated much of his time as governor to solving the state's mounting debt issues. Following his gubernatorial tenure, he advocated railroad construction, briefly serving as

"Archibald Roane"
Archibald Roane Archibald Roane (1759/1760January 18, 1819) was the second Governor of Tennessee, serving from 1801 to 1803. He won the office after the state's first governor, John Sevier, was prevented by constitutional restrictions from seeking a fourth consecutive term. He quickly became caught up in the growing rivalry between Sevier and Andrew Jackson, and was soundly defeated by Sevier after just one term. Roane served as an attorney general in the Southwest Territory in the early 1790s, and later served as a judge on the state's Superior Court of Law and Equity (1796–1801) and the Supreme Court of Errors

John Sevier John Sevier (September 23, 1745 September 24, 1815) was an American soldier, frontiersman and politician, and one of the founding fathers of the State of Tennessee. He played a leading role, both militarily and politically, in Tennessee's pre-statehood period, and was elected the state's first governor in 1796. Sevier served as a colonel in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, and commanded the frontier militia in dozens of battles against the Cherokee in the 1780s and 1790s. Sevier arrived on the Tennessee Valley frontier in the 1770s. In 1776, he was elected one of five magistrates of

Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Tennessee. Sevier missed the state's constitutional convention while serving on the territorial council in Washington, but was elected the new state's first governor. Sevier made the acquisition of Indian lands a priority, and consistently urged Congress and the Secretary of War to negotiate new treaties to that end. During his first term as governor, Sevier developed a rivalry with rising politician Andrew Jackson. In 1796, Jackson campaigned for the position of major-general of the state militia, but was thwarted when Sevier threw his support behind George Conway. Jackson also learned

daughters, Nancy and Elizabeth, respectively. John Sevier John Sevier (September 23, 1745 September 24, 1815) was an American soldier, frontiersman and politician, and one of the founding fathers of the State of Tennessee. He played a leading role, both militarily and politically, in Tennessee's pre-statehood period, and was elected the state's first governor in 1796. Sevier served as a colonel in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, and commanded the frontier militia in dozens of battles against the Cherokee in the 1780s and 1790s. Sevier arrived on the Tennessee Valley frontier in the 1770s. In 1776, he was elected

"Heart and Soul (Huey Lewis and the News song)"
New Drug"". Former bandmember Chris Hayes remarks about the song, ""I don't know why HEART & SOUL sounds so good. Usually we have to re-do all the guitar parts - this time it worked out the first time. I had a Marshall amp in a tiny room, played my Les Paul and it was great!"" Heart and Soul (Huey Lewis and the News song) ""Heart and Soul"" is a song written by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn and made famous by Huey Lewis and the News. The song was first recorded by Exile in 1981 as the title track of

"Heart and Soul (T'Pau song)"
Heart and Soul (T'Pau song) ""Heart and Soul"" is a song by British pop band T'Pau. Featuring vocalist Carol Decker, the song was released as the group's first single in 1987 from their debut album ""Bridge of Spies"". Following its inclusion in a Pepe Jeans advert, the single reached No. 4 in both the US and UK charts. The song is notable for its usage of various vocal overdubs. This makes the song, in its initial studio form, impossible to perform live without additional backup singers. Instead, Decker often performs what she calls a ""basic"" version, explaining to Songfacts: ""I

Heart and Soul (Huey Lewis and the News song) ""Heart and Soul"" is a song written by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn and made famous by Huey Lewis and the News. The song was first recorded by Exile in 1981 as the title track of their album ""Heart and Soul"". Exile's single failed to crack the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at No. 102 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The song was also recorded by the BusBoys for their 1982 album ""American Worker"". Huey Lewis and the News' version was released as the first single from the album

that same month and this time, it became a hit, equaling the US peak of No. 4 in September. Heart and Soul (T'Pau song) ""Heart and Soul"" is a song by British pop band T'Pau. Featuring vocalist Carol Decker, the song was released as the group's first single in 1987 from their debut album ""Bridge of Spies"". Following its inclusion in a Pepe Jeans advert, the single reached No. 4 in both the US and UK charts. The song is notable for its usage of various vocal overdubs. This makes the song, in its initial studio form, impossible to perform

rap the first two verses then cut to the melody for the verse before the chorus. No one really notices or minds as I cover the essential dynamics of the song. It works well."" Upon its initial release in April 1987, the song was not well received in the UK, entering the bottom of the chart and falling out immediately after. In the US, however, the song received heavy airplay and the Pepe Jeans advertisement enabled it to reach No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1987. Due to the exposure, the song was re-released in the UK

"Heart & Soul (Johnny Adams album)"
Cry"", produced by a 19-year-old Mac Rebennack, became a regional best-seller. Adams continued to have a string of local hits until 1962, when ""Losing Battle"", a tale of backdoor romance, ascended the national R&B charts, peaking at number 27. Adams was connected with New Orleans label Ric Records, owned by Joe Ruffino. In the fall of 1962, Adams, Smokey Johnson, Joe Jones, Earl King and Chris Kenner traveled to Detroit, where they auditioned for Berry Gordy at Motown. According to Earl King, Gordy was interested in recording Adams, but he received a telegram from Ruffino threatening legal action if he

"Heart (Pet Shop Boys song)"
it rocketed to the top of the charts to become the duo's fourth—and, to date, last—UK number one single. It was also a massive hit across Europe. The genesis of the song goes back to the sessions for the duo's first album ""Please"" in early 1986 with Shep Pettibone. Originally the duo had planned to offer it to Hi-NRG singer Hazell Dean or—more notoriously—Madonna, but they ultimately kept it for themselves. The duo's version of the song was intended to be used in the Steven Spielberg-produced film ""Innerspace"", but the dance sequence it was intended for was at the wrong

"Heart and Soul (Hoagy Carmichael and Frank Loesser song)"
by Jan and Dean reached No. 25. A version by Train reached No. 41 in 2016. The song's A-section is often simplified as a repeating I-vi-IV-V progression and taught to beginning piano students as an easy two-hand duet (). Much like the piece ""Chopsticks"", this (somewhat inaccurate) version became widely known, even to those who never studied piano. The chord progression, often referred to as the ""50s progression"", was employed in the doo-wop hits of the 1950s and 1960s. The Cleftones succeeded with a rhythm and blues rearrangement of the song in 1961. After the release on April 17, 1961,

"Taylor Rhodes"
song ""Party Up"", from Hilary Duff's 2003 album ""Metamorphosis"" (achieving sales of over five million copies worldwide), her first full-length studio album that reached number one on the U.S. and Canadian charts. Rhodes co-wrote and produced several songs on Peter Wolf's albums ""Up To No Good"" (1990) and the album ""Fool's Parade"" (1998). Rhodes also co-wrote songs on Wolf's 2010 release ""Midnight Souvenirs"". ""Contagious"" by Y&T ""That Don't Satisfy Me"" by Brother Cane ""Heart Over Mind"" by Jennifer Rush ""All The Way"" by Journey (band) ""Back n' Blue"" by Cheap Trick ""Love Will Rise Again"" by Loverboy ""Amnesia"" and ""Faith

"Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience"
the help of its single ""Set Adrift on Memory Bliss"", which was also praised by critics. The album produced four hits and sold 850,000 copies by 1993. ""Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross"" has sold one million copies. In 1989, P.M. Dawn's debut single ""Ode to a Forgetful Mind"" was released by Warlock Records, but it went unnoticed. The label that released the single in England, Gee Street Records, found greater success. Gee Street mixed and marketed the song so that it earned considerable attention from music reviewers, and P.M. Dawn found themselves courted not just

"Tug of war"
and women participate. The sport was part of the Olympic Games from 1900 until 1920, but has not been included since. The sport is part of the World Games. The Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), organises World Championships for nation teams biannually, for both indoor and outdoor contests, and a similar competition for club teams. In England the sport was formally governed by the AAA until 1984, but is now catered for by the Tug of War Association (formed in 1958), and the Tug of War Federation of Great Britain (formed in 1984). In Scotland, the Scottish Tug of

"Tug of war at the Summer Olympics"
its time as an Olympic sport, it was considered to be part of the Olympic athletics programme, although the sports of tug of war and athletics are now considered distinct. Teams consisted of 6 members in 1900 (Denmark and Sweden competed together), 5 members in 1904, and 8 members in the last three appearances of the sport. Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one

Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team. During

War Association was formed in 1980. The sport also features in Highland Games there. Between 1976 and 1988 Tug of War was a regular event during the television series ""Battle of the Network Stars"". Teams of celebrities representing each major network competed in different sporting events culminating into the final event, the Tug of War. Lou Ferrigno's epic tug-o'-war performance in May 1979 is considered the greatest feat in 'Battle' history. The sport is played almost in every country in the world. However, a small selection of countries have set up a national body to govern the sport. Most of

"Tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics"
first held in Athens in 1896, and travelled to Paris four years later as part of the 1900 Exposition Universelle world's fair. The second Games featured a greatly expanded range of events from the first, up from 43 to 95. Among the events added in 1900 was the tug of war. Two tug of war teams were entered for the Paris tournament; Racing Club de France represented the host nation, along with a team from the United States which was composed of six athletes that were taking part in various other events during the Games. The American team withdrew from

highly organized competitions such as the World Championships. However, in small or informal entertainment competitions, the rules are often arbitrarily interpreted and followed. A contest may feature a moat in a neutral zone, usually of mud or softened ground, which eliminates players who cross the zone or fall into it. Aside from the raw muscle power needed for tug of war, it is also a technical sport. The cooperation or ""rhythm"" of team members play an equally important role in victory, if not more, than their physical strength. To achieve this, a person called a ""driver"" is used to harmonize

part in the hammer throw at the same time. The Scandinavians were accepted as late entrants by the organisers, and their team was composed primarily of athletes who were competing in other events, though it also included a journalist, Edgar Aabye, to make up the numbers. The mixed team won each of the first two pulls against the French in a best-of-three contest to win the gold medal. Due to a second, unofficial, match subsequently taking place between the United States and the Scandinavians, some records have erroneously listed the United States as gold medalists. The modern Olympic Games were

defeat of France, before detailing a second match, between an American team and the Scandinavians. The ""New York Herald"" recorded that in the second contest, a group of Americans formed a team to take on the victorious Scandinavians, beating them in two pulls, the second of which took over five minutes. In contrast, the ""Journal des Sports"" suggested that the Americans initially wanted to wear spiked shoes to take part in the match, but were then forced to remove them after protests. They then won the first pull against the mixed Swedish/Danish team, but during the second pull, some of

"Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics"
Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics The tug of war contest at the 1912 Summer Olympics consisted of a single match, as only two teams entered the competition. Sweden was represented by the Stockholm Police, while Great Britain's team came from the defending champion City of London Police. Austria, Bohemia, and Luxembourg had all entered teams, but failed to appear. The withdrawals of those three teams turned what had been planned as a 10-match round-robin tournament into a single-match bout between Sweden and Great Britain. The bout consisted of a best-two-of-three contest. The competition was held on July

Europe where Viking warriors pull on animal skins over open pits of fire in tests of strength and endurance, in preparation for battle and plunder. 1500 and 1600 – tug of war is popularised during tournaments in French châteaux gardens and later in Great Britain 1800 – tug of war begins a new tradition among seafaring men who were required to tug on lines to adjust sails while ships were under way and even in battle. The Mohave people occasionally used tug-of-war matches as means of settling disputes. There are tug of war clubs in many countries, and both men

"Electrical conduction system of the heart"
If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate less than 60bpm, the heart rhythm is known as sinus bradycardia. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate exceeding 100bpm, the consequent rapid heart rate is sinus tachycardia. These conditions are not necessarily bad symptoms, however. Trained athletes, for example, usually show heart rates slower than 60bpm when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction consists of the AV node, the bundle of His, and the surrounding area; it has a regular rate

"SAE J1772"
side connects the PP-PE loop via S3 and a 150 Ω R6; when opening the release actuator a 330 Ω R7 is added in the PP-PE loop on the EVSE side which gives a voltage shift on the line to allow the electric vehicle to initiate a controlled shut off prior to actual disconnection of the charge power pins. However many low power adapter cables do not offer that locking actuator state detection on the PP pin. In an updated standard due in 2012, SAE proposes to use power line communication, specifically IEEE 1901, between the vehicle, off-board charging station,

"Sinoatrial node"
rate, and increasing heart rate. An increase in heart rate is known as positive chronotropy. The parasympathetic nerves supplying the SA node (in particular the Vagus nerves) originate in the brain. These nerves release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh). ACh binds to a receptor called an M2 muscarinic receptor, located on the SA node membrane. Activation of this M2 receptor, then activates a protein called a G-protein (in particular G protein, i for inhibitory). Activation of this G-protein, blocks the cAMP pathway, reducing its effects, therefore inhibiting sympathetic activity and slowing action potential production. As well as this, the G-protein

Sinoatrial node The sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as sinus node, is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. These cells have the ability to spontaneously produce an electrical impulse (action potential; see below for more details), that travels through the heart via the electrical conduction system (see figure 1) causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potential, setting the rhythm of the heart and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potential production (and therefore the heart rate)

"Calcium signaling"
outside the cell by activation of ""Store-Operated Channels"" (SOCs). This inflowing calcium current that results after stored calcium reserves have been released is referred to as Ca-release-activated Ca current (ICRAC). The mechanisms through which ICRAC occurs are currently still under investigation, although two candidate molecules, Orai1 and STIM1, have been linked by several studies, and a model of store-operated calcium influx, involving these molecules, has been proposed. Recent studies have cited the phospholipase A2 beta, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), and the protein STIM 1 as possible mediators of ICRAC. Movement of Ca ions from the extracellular compartment to

"SMRT Active Route Map Information System"
2 months starting 16 April 2017, a C151B train, equipped with STARiS 2.0 will be in service. C751B trainset 321/322 had a trial version of ""STARiS version 2.0"" installed on set 322, but it was scrapped. All the C151Bs and C151C will be equipped with STARiS 2.0 during the manufacturing process. STARiS comprises a system of 4 Vacuum Fluorescent Displays (VFD) mounted at an angle from the ceiling and 8 active route maps mounted above every door in each car. The VFDs indicate the train service's direction of travel, terminal station, side of doors opening, doors closing messages, current station,

"Active State Power Management"
Active State Power Management Active State Power Management (ASPM) is a power management protocol used to manage PCI Express-based (PCIe) serial link devices as links become less active over time. It is normally used on laptops and other mobile Internet devices to extend battery life. As serial-based PCIe bus devices, such as IEEE1394 (FireWire), become less active, it is possible for the computer's power management system to take the opportunity to reduce overall power consumption by placing the link PHY into a low-power mode and instructing other devices on the link to follow suit. This is usually managed by the

NBAP
NBAP In the 3GPP UTRAN architecture, NBAP (Node B Application Part) is the signalling protocol responsible for the control of the Node B by the RNC. NBAP is subdivided into Common and Dedicated NBAP (C-NBAP and D-NBAP), where Common NBAP controls overall Node B functionality, and Dedicated NBAP controls radio links to specific user equipment. NBAP forms part of the Iub interface. NBAP handles two kind of Procedures for different NBAP functionalities Common Procedures for Managing Logical O & M Functions for Controlling BCCH Broadcast for creating new Node B Communication Context Dedicated Procedures for handling procedures of an existing

"Signalling System No. 7"
operation, SS7 is mostly used for signaling between telephone switches and not for signaling between local exchanges and customer-premises equipment. Because SS7 signaling does not require seizure of a channel for a conversation prior to the exchange of control information, non-facility associated signaling (NFAS) became possible. NFAS is signaling that is not directly associated with the path that a conversation will traverse and may concern other information located at a centralized database such as service subscription, feature activation, and service logic. This makes possible a set of network-based services that do not rely upon the call being routed to a

"Lynx Blue Line"
5,200 ties. In January 2004, CATS began the process of accepting bids for construction of the system's vehicles. Original estimates for the vehicles was $3.5 million per car with the firms Bombardier, Siemens and Kinki Sharyo bidding for the final contract. The $52 million contract for 16 S70 Avanto vehicles was awarded to Siemens on February 25, 2004. The original order was delivered between 2006 and 2007, and these cars are numbered 101–116. Car 101 arrived via flatbed truck on Friday, June 23, 2006, from the Siemens facility in Florin, California. Testing of the vehicles began in August 2006 along

"President of Pakistan"
Controversy regarding the U-2 incident (1960), privatization (1963), and war with India (1965), fueled a fierce left-wing opposition movement led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP and Bengali nationalist Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from paralysis and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law and announced that nationwide elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, general elections were held in 1970 which saw the PPP gaining a majority of seats in West Pakistan (current day Pakistan) and

the presidency. The incumbent Governor-General, Iskander Mirza, became Pakistan's first president. He reportedly suspended the first Constitution in 1958, and appointed Army Commander-in-Chief General Ayub Khan as the first chief martial law administrator. Khan subsequently dismissed Mirza in order to become the president. The second Constitution introduced by President Ayub Khan turned the country into a presidential republic without direct elections. Succumbing to internal and international pressure, however, Khan held a nationwide presidential election in 1965. Khan successfully campaigned against his opponent, Fatima Jinnah, for a second term, but some have alleged that elections were rigged in favour of Khan.

"Iskander Mirza"
Iskander Mirza Sahibzada Iskander Ali Mirza (, ); 13 November 1899 – 13 November 1969), , was the first President of Pakistan, elected in this capacity in 1956 until being dismissed by his appointed army commander General Ayub Khan in 1958. Mirza was educated at the University of Mumbai before attending the military academy in Sandhurst in the United Kingdom. After a brief military service in the British Indian Army, he joined the Indian Political Service and spent the majority of his career as a political agent in the Western region of the British India until elevated as joint secretary

for the political isolation and devastation of Pakistan after the fall of East Pakistan, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. President Bhutto created the current Constitution of Pakistan in 1973, transforming Pakistan into a parliamentary democracy, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figurehead. The general elections held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the right-wing alliance, the Pakistan National Alliance. The events leading to it resulted in military intervention by chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq and Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Mohammad Shariff. Suspending the Constitution

the Awami League gaining a majority in East Pakistan (current day Bangladesh). After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited Nurul Amin of the Pakistan Muslim League to become the Prime Minister, and also appointed him as the first Vice President. The growing instigated violence against Pakistanis in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use force in order to maintain order there, which further escalated Bengali resistance (1970). Preemptive strikes against India led to another war in 1971, which freed East Pakistan and created Bangladesh. Taking personal responsibility

"Muhammad Ali Jinnah"
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( , born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as ""Quaid-i-Azam"" (, ""Great Leader"") and ""Baba-i-Qaum"" (, ""Father of the Nation""). His birthday is considered a national holiday in Pakistan. Born at Wazir Mansion in Karachi, Jinnah was trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London. Upon his

in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq took over the presidency in 1978. Zia's presidency oversaw the modern growth of far-right ideas in the country. Succumbing to domestic pressure to restore the Constitution, President Zia-ul-Haq held a referendum (1984) and called for general elections in 1985. President Zia-ul-Haq appointed Mohammad Junejo as Prime Minister and assumed more powers through the constitutional amendment. After dismissing Prime Minister Junejo, President Zia-ul-Haq announced that new general elections would be held, but President Zia died in a place crash in 1988. The general elections held in 1988 witnessed the victory of PPP in 1988, and appointed Chairman

Parliament successfully passed constitutional amendment to decisively limit the presidency. After staging a controversial self coup in 1999, General Pervez Musharraf dismissed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and President Rafiq Tarar in 2001 while assuming more powers to the presidency. In January 2004, the Electoral College elected Musharraf, and as a result he was, according to the Constitution, ""deemed to be elected"". President Musharraf's repeated unconstitutional intervention resulted in a standoff with the Judiciary, and declared a state of emergency in 2007, after dismissing the senior justices of the Supreme Court. Although Musharraf was elected in 2007, the constitutional legality of

"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"
Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to

respected Islam but did not declare Islam as state religion and was viewed as a liberal constitution. It also provided for election of the President by 80,000 (later raised to 120,000) Basic Democrats who could theoretically make their own choice but who were essentially under his control. He justified this as analogous to the American Electoral College and cited Thomas Jefferson as his inspiration. The Ayub administration ""guided"" the print newspapers though his takeover of key opposition papers and, while Ayub Khan permitted a National Assembly, it had only limited powers. On 2 March 1961, he passed and signed the

"El Pollo Loco"
León, Michoacán, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas, of which 28 are located in Nuevo León. Ochoa opened his first location in Guasave in the state of Sinaloa on January 6, 1974 at a small roadside location containing ten tables and with a starting working capital of 15 thousand pesos. His wife Flérida created a fruit-based marinade which was used to coat the chicken for several hours prior to grilling. After a few hours of operations on their first day, they sold out all 43 chickens. Three years later, Ochoa's brother Jaime quit his job and opened the company's second location in San

El Pollo Loco El Pollo Loco, Spanish for ""The Crazy Chicken"", is the name of two independent restaurant chains that are controlled by different companies, U.S.-based El Pollo Loco, Inc. and Mexico-based El Pollo Loco, S.A. de C.V. Both companies specialize in Mexican-style grilled chicken and were founded by Juan Francisco Ochoa. Ochoa established the first El Pollo Loco restaurant in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico in 1974 and then expanded his chain into the United States in 1980. Ochoa then sold his U.S. restaurants in 1983, which became El Pollo Loco, Inc., while keeping the ones in Mexico, which became El

tacos, burritos, enchiladas, and quesadillas. In a bid to compete with companies such as KFC and Chick-fil-A, El Pollo Loco experimented with offering deep fried chicken in the form of breaded chicken tenders at selected locations in the United States for a limited time during the Fall 2016. This experiment is a big departure from its previous marketing campaigns that tout their fired-grilled chicken as a healthy alternative to fried chicken. Juan Francisco Ochoa started the restaurant in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico, in 1975. By 1979 the chain had expanded throughout northern Mexico. On December 8, 1980, Ochoa opened his first

a non-family manager, the number of locations has since shrunk to approximately 40 locations, all of which are managed and operated by family members. After the sale of the American locations in 1983, Ochoa restricted his business activities to Mexico. However, the lure of new business activities north of the Rio Grande was too hard to resist and Ochoa opened his new business, called Taco Palenque, in Laredo, Texas in 1987. Unlike its American counterpart, the Mexican chain has kept its menu simple and focused on the grilled chicken. Deboned chicken or other meats like shrimp or carne asada are

U.S. restaurant in Los Angeles, California at 503 Alvarado Street, near Sixth Street. The first American location was only and it grossed more than $125,000 per month during its first year of operation. The initial menu was very simple: a choice of a half or whole chicken with a packet of warm tortillas and a cup of salsa. A second location was opened in Santa Ana in the fall of 1981. In 1983, the 19 American restaurants in the chain were acquired by Denny's with an agreement that the Ochoa family would continue to operate the restaurants in Mexico. After

Locofocos
a newspaper editor). Ralph Waldo Emerson said of the Locofocos: ""The new race is stiff, heady, and rebellious; they are fanatics in freedom; they hate tolls, taxes, turnpikes, banks, hierarchies, governors, yea, almost all laws."" The name Loco-foco was originally used by John Marck for a self-igniting cigar, which he had patented in April 1834. Marck, an immigrant, invented his name from a combination of the Latin prefix ""loco-"", which as part of the word ""locomotive"" had recently entered general public use, and was usually misinterpreted to mean ""self"", and a misspelling of the Italian word ""fuoco"" for ""fire"". Therefore,

"Juan Pollo"
Juan Pollo Juan Pollo is a Mexican-style rotisserie chicken restaurant chain headquartered in San Bernardino, California founded in 1984 by Albert Okura. Its restaurants are located mostly in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, with other locations in Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties. Okura, originally a native of Wilmington, California, held a number of managerial positions in fast food restaurants in the area for Burger King and Del Taco in the '70s and '80s. While serving as the manager for a Del Taco in Carson, California in 1981, an El Pollo Loco opened opposite of his restaurant. He

had sold franchise licenses to operators based in East Asia. In 1987, TW Services made a deal with the major Japanese trading company Mitsui & Co. to open 484 restaurants across Japan, at the same time that Taco Time and Taco Bell were opening their first locations in the country. The first of these opened in Tokyo in 1988. All of the Japanese locations closed by 1994. By 1997, EPL, Inc., had franchises located in Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. The franchise licenses for both Malaysia and Singapore has since lapsed. In July 2016, the Delgado family, owners of the

Luis Potosi. This was quickly followed by other locations that were opened and operated by Ochoa's other brothers and sisters in Guadalajara, Morelia, Monterrey, and Saltillo. By the end of 1979, Ochoa had 85 restaurants in 20 cities throughout Northern Mexico with many of the locations operated by family members or close friends. At that time, Ochoa thought about expanding north of the borders into areas of the United States that he had previously visited. In 1980, Ochoa opened his first U.S. location on Alvarado Street in Los Angeles, an area which had a high concentration of immigrants from Sinaloa.

El Pollo Loco’s mobile app. The rewards program allows customers to earn points for purchases at restaurants and earn rewards. The El Pollo Loco locations in Mexico are not affiliated with or operated by the Costa Mesa, California-based El Pollo Loco, Inc. but are operated by Mexico-based El Pollo Loco, S.A. de C.V., which is still owned by founder Juan Francisco Ochoa and his family. The company specializes in selling Sinaloa-style marinated grilled chicken. In Mexico, El Pollo Loco, S.A. de C.V., operates as El Pollo Loco in over 50 locations within Mexico City and the states of Coahuila, Nuevo

"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn"
Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn is an American comedy television series developed by Michael Feldman and created by Matt Fleckenstein that aired on Nickelodeon from September 13, 2014 to August 4, 2018. The series stars Brian Stepanek, Allison Munn, Aidan Gallagher, Casey Simpson, Mace Coronel, Lizzy Greene, Gabrielle Elyse, and Kyla-Drew Simmons. The series focuses on quadruplets Nicky, Ricky, Dicky, and Dawn Harper, 10 years old at the start of the series, who have nothing in common and often fight, but must work together to solve everyday situations. The series was originally picked up for

renewed for a fourth season and had its episode order for the third season increased from 14 to 24 by Nickelodeon on March 20, 2017. On October 4, 2017, it was announced that Mace Coronel would be leaving both ""Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn"", about five episodes before the end of the fourth season, and Nickelodeon. On November 15, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that the fourth season would be the last. Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn is an American comedy television series developed by Michael Feldman and created by Matt Fleckenstein that aired on Nickelodeon from

13 episodes on March 13, 2014, but was later increased to 20 episodes. The series premiered on September 13, 2014. On November 18, 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on May 23, 2015. On February 9, 2016, Nickelodeon renewed ""Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn"" for a third season of 14 episodes. It was also confirmed that Matt Fleckenstein would step down as show runner. Actress Lizzy Greene announced on her Twitter account that production for season three started on April 26, 2016. The third season premiered on January 7, 2017. The series was

"Keeley Forsyth"
Keeley Forsyth Keeley Forsyth (born 1979, Oldham, Greater Manchester) is an English actress and musician. Her first acting role was as Nicky in the BBC children's television series ""The Biz"" in 1995, appearing alongside Paul Nicholls. She subsequently appeared in several television series, including ""Peak Practice"", ""Where the Heart Is"", ""Casualty"", ""Heartbeat"", ""The Bill"", ""Dalziel and Pascoe"", ""Holby City"", ""The Line of Beauty"", ""Luther"", ""Criminal Justice"", ""Coronation Street"", ""Sons and Lovers"". She has also performed for Real Circumstance Theatre Company. In 2001, she appeared in an all-star ""Family Fortunes"": ""Heartbeat"" vs ""Peak Practice"" edition. In 2015 Forsyth appeared as Terri

"Dick and Dom"
Dick and Dom Dick and Dom (originally Richard and Dominic) are a British comedy double act consisting of the presenters Richard ""Dick"" McCourt and Dominic ""Dom"" Wood. They are primarily known for for presenting Children's BBC in the 1990s, before moving onto the double BAFTA Award winning ""Dick and Dom in da Bungalow"", a children's entertainment show that was live during weekend mornings on BBC One, CBBC and later BBC Two. The show ran for five series between 2002 and 2006. From October 2007 to September 2008, they presented ""The Sunday Morning Show"" on BBC Radio 1 from 10:00 am

Weedon in the BBC TV mini series ""The Casual Vacancy"". In 2016, she appeared as Annette in the second series of ""Happy Valley"". Keeley Forsyth Keeley Forsyth (born 1979, Oldham, Greater Manchester) is an English actress and musician. Her first acting role was as Nicky in the BBC children's television series ""The Biz"" in 1995, appearing alongside Paul Nicholls. She subsequently appeared in several television series, including ""Peak Practice"", ""Where the Heart Is"", ""Casualty"", ""Heartbeat"", ""The Bill"", ""Dalziel and Pascoe"", ""Holby City"", ""The Line of Beauty"", ""Luther"", ""Criminal Justice"", ""Coronation Street"", ""Sons and Lovers"". She has also performed for Real

"Angie Rebecchi"
Angie Rebecchi Angela ""Angie"" Rebecchi is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera ""Neighbours"", played by Lesley Baker. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 January 1995. Angie departed in 1996, but she returned for several weeks in 2002, then for her youngest son, Toadie's wedding to Dee Bliss in 2003. The following year, Angie made another brief visit and she made a cameo in the 20th anniversary episode, which was broadcast in July 2005. The character returned again in 2006 and 2008. Baker reprised the role in February 2013, and again in August

Morris of the ""Daily Star"" dubbed Angie a ""fan favourite"". Angie Rebecchi Angela ""Angie"" Rebecchi is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera ""Neighbours"", played by Lesley Baker. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 January 1995. Angie departed in 1996, but she returned for several weeks in 2002, then for her youngest son, Toadie's wedding to Dee Bliss in 2003. The following year, Angie made another brief visit and she made a cameo in the 20th anniversary episode, which was broadcast in July 2005. The character returned again in 2006 and 2008. Baker

"Joyce Vincent Wilson"
Joyce Vincent Wilson Joyce Vincent Wilson (born December 14, 1946 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American singer, most famous as part of the group Tony Orlando and Dawn. Wilson began her career in Detroit providing background vocals on Motown and Golden World recordings. She would meet Telma Hopkins during this time and the two would go on to provide background vocals at Holland-Dozier-Holland's Invictus/Hot Wax Records. Orlando released the singles ""Candida"" and ""Knock Three Times"", recorded with session vocalists Linda November and Toni Wine backing him, under the name Dawn; when the singles charted, Orlando found himself needing to assemble

"Julia Davis"
Julia Davis Julia Charlotte L Davis (born 25 August 1966) is an English comedian, actress, writer, and director. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC Three comedy ""Nighty Night"" (2004–2005) and the comedies ""Hunderby"" (2012–15) and ""Camping"" (2016), which she also directed. A seven-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won Best Comedy Writing for ""Hunderby"" in 2013. She is also known for playing Dawn Sutcliffe in ""Gavin & Stacey"" (2007–2009). Her film roles include ""Love Actually"" (2003), ""Cemetery Junction"" (2010) and ""Four Lions"" (2010). Davis was born in Lambeth, to a secretary mother and a civil servant

what is the central idea of the poem the rime of ancient mariner

"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
long sea voyage. The mariner stops a man who is on the way to a wedding ceremony and begins to narrate a story. The wedding-guest's reaction turns from bemusement to impatience to fear to fascination as the mariner's story progresses, as can be seen in the language style: Coleridge uses narrative techniques such as personification and repetition to create a sense of danger, the supernatural, or serenity, depending on the mood in different parts of the poem. The mariner's tale begins with his ship departing on its journey. Despite initial good fortune, the ship is driven south by a storm

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of ""Lyrical Ballads"". Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss. Along with other poems in ""Lyrical Ballads"", it is often considered a signal shift to modern poetry and the beginning of British Romantic literature. ""The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"" relates the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a

and begins to sink. The man is then seen adrift in a Lusitania lifeboat only to be picked up decades later by the SS ""Andrea Doria"". The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of ""Lyrical Ballads"". Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss. Along with other poems in ""Lyrical Ballads"", it is often considered a signal shift to

to tutelary spirits: ""Suppose you represent him as having killed one of these birds on entering the south sea, and the tutelary spirits of these regions take upon them to avenge the crime."" By the time the trio finished their walk, the poem had taken shape. Bernard Martin argues in ""The Ancient Mariner and the Authentic Narrative"" that Coleridge was also influenced by the life of Anglican clergyman John Newton, who had a near-death experience aboard a slave ship. The poem may also have been inspired by the legends of the Wandering Jew, who was forced to wander the earth

of Rod Serling's television series ""Night Gallery"" pays homage to the poem in an episode entitled ""Lone Survivor."" In it the RMS ""Lusitania"" picks up a lone survivor drifting in a lifeboat from the RMS ""Titanic"", despite the great ship having sunk three years before. The man tells them he escaped the Titanic by dressing as a woman and as a result of his selfish act he must forever drift from doomed ship to doomed ship. The man warns the crew of the Lusitania that the ship will be torpedoed. They do not believe him until the Lusitania is hit

that the poem may have been inspired by the voyage of Thomas James into the Arctic. According to William Wordsworth, the poem was inspired while Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Wordsworth's sister Dorothy were on a walking tour through the Quantock Hills in Somerset. The discussion had turned to a book that Wordsworth was reading, ""A Voyage Round The World by Way of the Great South Sea"" (1726) by Captain George Shelvocke. In the book, a melancholy sailor, Simon Hatley, shoots a black albatross: As they discussed Shelvocke's book, Wordsworth proffers the following developmental critique to Coleridge, which importantly contains a reference

until Judgement Day for a terrible crime, found in Charles Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer, M. G. Lewis' ""The Monk"" (a novel Coleridge reviewed) and the legend of the ""Flying Dutchman"". It is argued that the harbour at Watchet in Somerset was the primary inspiration for the poem, although some time before, John Cruikshank, a local acquaintance of Coleridge's, had related a dream about a skeleton ship manned by spectral sailors. In September 2003, a commemorative statue, by Alan B. Herriot of Penicuik, Scotland, was unveiled at Watchet harbour. In ""Biographia Literaria"", Coleridge wrote: In ""Table Talk"", Coleridge wrote: Wordsworth wrote

to row. The pilot's boy goes crazy and laughs, thinking the mariner is the devil, and cries, ""The Devil knows how to row"". As penance for shooting the albatross, the mariner, driven by guilt, is forced to wander the earth, telling his story over and over, and teaching a lesson to those he meets: After relaying the story, the mariner leaves, and the wedding guest returns home, and wakes the next morning ""a sadder and a wiser man"". The poem received mixed reviews from critics, and Coleridge was once told by the publisher that most of the book's sales were

to sailors who thought it was a naval songbook. Coleridge made several modifications to the poem over the years. In the second edition of ""Lyrical Ballads"", published in 1800, he replaced many of the archaic words. The poem may have been inspired by James Cook's second voyage of exploration (1772–1775) of the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean; Coleridge's tutor, William Wales, was the astronomer on Cook's flagship and had a strong relationship with Cook. On this second voyage Cook crossed three times into the Antarctic Circle to determine whether the fabled great southern continent existed. Critics have also suggested

of mist and snow""; the south wind that had initially led them from the land of ice now sends the ship into uncharted waters near the equator, where it is becalmed. The sailors change their minds again and blame the mariner for the torment of their thirst. In anger, the crew forces the mariner to wear the dead albatross about his neck, perhaps to illustrate the burden he must suffer from killing it, or perhaps as a sign of regret: Eventually, the ship encounters a ghostly hulk. On board are Death (a skeleton) and the ""Night-mare Life-in-Death"", a deathly-pale woman,

"Rose Wilson"
has her rematch with Cassandra Cain. Rose and Joey both attempt to stop their father, but they are defeated and left at his mercy until Nightwing, Donna Troy, Raven, Cyborg, Duela Dent, Beast Boy, and Bart Allen arrive. Following the death of her former-teammate Bart Allen, Rose attends his funeral in ""Countdown #43"" along with the rest of the Teen Titans. In ""Teen Titans"" #50, Rose is present for Bart's wake, although she slips off after a while, bored with the somber, reminiscent atmosphere, and invites Kid Devil to join her in skinny-dipping in the Titans' swimming pool. In ""Teen

"Rose (2017 film)"
opening night feature in the Lone Star Film Festival in Fort Worth Texas, November 7, 2017. Rose (2017 film) Rose is the story of a dying woman who finds love while soul searching throughout the southwest during her final days. A widowed ex-cop discovers that she may have a life-threatening illness, and decides to go on a solo road trip in a motorized wheelchair to explore the beauty of the Southwest. On her journey, Rose discovers more than just the simple beauty of New Mexico when she meets—and falls in love with—Max, an old cowboy who comes to a crossroads

"Miss Rose"
finished on December 30, 2012 with 23 episodes total. The drama was filmed while it aired. When a hardworking office lady is told by a fortune teller that she will never get married, she makes a bet with the fortune teller that she will prove her reading wrong or else she will give her $1 million. She meets a heartless, stern and cold CEO of a company who has no compassion for his employees who will eventually become her new boss. At first both can't stand each other but after working closely with each other they learn to trust each

"Rule of Rose"
the confident Diana, the eldest of the group of children and the highest-ranking under the Princess and Prince; the distant Eleanor; the intelligent Meg, who loves Diana; and Amanda, who despises Jennifer, as her arrival caused Amanda to be put at the bottom of the hierarchy. Jennifer is also ranked by the Aristocrats near the bottom of their hierarchy, and under the threat of death, Jennifer must appease the Aristocrats by bringing an offering for them each month. Although she encounters adults and other children on the airship as well, they are either unkind or distant toward her. She eventually

Tennant for the duration of her time as a regular cast member. A regular for all of series one (2005) and series two (2006), Piper later returned for three episodes of the programme's fourth series (2008) and appeared in feature-length specials in both 2010 and 2013. In the series' narrative, Rose is introduced in the eponymous series one premiere as a teenage working class shop assistant from London, alongside her own supporting cast in the form of her mother Jackie Tyler (Camille Coduri) and her boyfriend Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke). Over the course of the first series Rose's human actions

she has finally met her true love. Huston tells her that he is actually an AWOL sergeant from the Army, and she tells him of her past in Florida. They have a rocky relationship and her lifestyle of ""Sex, Drugs, and Rock & Roll"", constant touring, and Huston's jealousy over Rose's lesbian lover Sarah lead her to an inevitable breakdown at a tour stop in Memphis. Huston and Rose break up and she returns to her hometown of Jacksonville, Florida with PFC Mal, whom she met in Texas, as a security escort, telling him about her past. Arriving at the

"Rose (The Vampire Diaries)"
Rose (The Vampire Diaries) ""Rose"" is the 8th episode of the second season of The CW television series, ""The Vampire Diaries"" and the 30th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on November 4, 2010. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Liz Friedlander. The man who kidnapped Elena (Nina Dobrev) meets Trevor (Trent Ford), the vampire who asked him to kidnap her, and transports her into his car. Right after Elena is in Trevor's car, Trevor kills the man and leaves with the unconscious Elena. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) talks with Caroline (Candice Accola) about Tyler

"Rose Nylund"
the series, Rose suffers financial difficulties when her late husband's employer files for bankruptcy and her pension is cut off. She suffers from age discrimination in her attempts to get a new job, but her luck changes when she gets a position as assistant to TV consumer reporter Enrique Más. Rose finally finds a significant romance with college professor Miles Webber, though their relationship is put through a serious strain when it is revealed that Miles is actually a former mobster accountant named Nicholas Carbone, and a participant in the witness protection program. His former employer, ""The Cheese Man,"" begins

"Dead Rising 2"
way to an emergency shelter, which is sealed after their arrival. Raymond Sullivan (the only security guard to reach the shelter alive) is initially reluctant to let the infected Katey in, but Chuck promises to keep her supplied with Zombrex until the military arrives in three days. Chuck needs to venture into the post apocalyptic city to find a dose of Zombrex, entering and exiting the shelter via an air duct. Another survivor, Stacey Forsythe (leader of the Nevada branch of zombie rights organization ""Citizens for Undead Rights and Equality"", which was in town to protest the treatment of the

appeared as the antagonist in an issue of the tie-in comic, Teen Titans Go! issue #49. As Ravager, she returns to Jump City, hoping to claim ""what is rightfully hers"". Ravager finds and attacks Wintergreen and Professor Chang, both of whom had something which belonged to her father. After blowing up Chang's robot factory, she goes on a rampage in Jump City, determined to carry on her father's legacy by defeating the Teen Titans once and for all. After a duel with Robin, the Titans help her understand that she does not have to carry on her father's legacy and

"Drop Dead Diva"
a car crash on the way to an audition for ""The Price Is Right"". As her soul enters the gates of Heaven, she finds herself being judged by a gatekeeper named Fred (Ben Feldman). As a result of her shallowness, Fred declares her a ""zero-zero"", since she has performed zero good deeds and zero bad deeds during her time on Earth. While he is distracted, Deb presses the ""return"" key before Fred can stop her, and is brought back to life in the body of a recently deceased lawyer named Jane Bingum (Elliott), who died protecting her boss, Jay Parker

(Josh Stamberg). Jane is the complete opposite of Deb; she is brilliant, hard-working, charitable, and plus-sized. Deb finds that Jane also works in the same law firm, Harrison-Parker, as Deb's fiancé Grayson Kent (Jackson Hurst). After immediately telling her best friend, Stacy Barrett (April Bowlby), of her predicament, Deb prepares herself to tell Grayson the truth about her new body. However, Fred’s assignment as Deb’s guardian angel serves as punishment for letting her leave heaven. His purpose on Earth is to prevent Deb from telling Grayson the truth and insisting that no one else can know that she is really

contends with her professional rival, Kim Kaswell (Kate Levering), who briefly dates Grayson after Deb's passing. Many well known actors and celebrities have made guest appearances on the show. Among them are: Quinton Aaron, Melissa Ponzio, Candice Accola, Clay Aiken, Louis Van Amstel, Jake T. Austin, Diedrich Bader, Lance Bass, Amanda Bearse, Corbin Bleu, Delta Burke, Danielle Campbell, Bruce Davison, David Denman, Patty Duke, Jorja Fox, Vivica A. Fox, Tony Goldwyn, Elliott Gould, Nancy Grace, Kathy Griffin, Tim Gunn, Jasmine Guy, Deidre Hall, Valerie Harper, Gregory Harrison, Natasha Henstridge, Howard Hesseman, Star Jones, Kim Kardashian, Rami Kashou, Ricki Lake, Sharon

Drop Dead Diva Drop Dead Diva is an American legal comedy-drama/fantasy television series that aired on Lifetime from July 12, 2009, to June 22, 2014. The series was created by Josh Berman and produced by Sony Pictures Television. It stars Brooke Elliott as Jane, a plus-sized lawyer whose body is inhabited by the soul of a fashion model. On October 25, 2013, Lifetime renewed the series for a sixth season, which premiered on March 23, 2014, and concluded on June 22, 2014. The series revolves around vapid aspiring model, Deborah ""Deb"" Dobkins (played by Brooke D'Orsay), who is killed in

"Lex Medlin"
as Judge Owen French on the Lifetime legal drama/fantasy series ""Drop Dead Diva"", and became a main cast member for that show's fourth season (2012). Aside from his roles in television and films, he has also appeared in numerous television commercials, for companies like Dockers, Gardetto's, Gateway Computers, Geico Direct, Kia Spectra, Selsun Blue, Time Warner Cable, State Farm, T-Mobile, Solarcity, and Twix. Lex Medlin Lex Medlin (born March 30, 1969) is an American actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of television commercials and sitcoms. A star of the 2006 Fox TV sitcom ""Happy Hour"", he is noted

Lawrence, Mario Lopez, Chad Lowe, MacKenzie Mauzy, Abby Lee Miller, Seamus Dever, Liza Minnelli, Tyler Jacob Moore, Mark Moses, Mary Mouser, Kathy Najimy, Kelly Osbourne, Jake Pavelka, Teri Polo, Susan May Pratt, John Ratzenberger, Crystal Reed, LeAnn Rimes, Romy Rosemont, Tony Sears, Chelsea Staub, Cybill Shepherd, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, James Snyder, Patti Stanger, Wanda Sykes, Lee Tergesen, Jennifer Tilly, Gina Torres, Steve Valentine, Nia Vardalos, Dylan Walsh, Barry Watson, Serena Williams, Wendy Williams, Jeff Wincott, Chuck Woolery, Nick Zano, Maddie Ziegler, Leelee Sobieski, and the late Joan Rivers. ""Drop Dead Diva"" was originally planned for Fox, but the studio passed after

Lex Medlin Lex Medlin (born March 30, 1969) is an American actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of television commercials and sitcoms. A star of the 2006 Fox TV sitcom ""Happy Hour"", he is noted for his droll facial expressions and anything-for-a-laugh physicality. He recently starred as a fun-loving judge and love interest of the main character on the Lifetime series ""Drop Dead Diva"". He attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Pasadena, California, USA (1990–1991). Medlin and his wife Lori appeared together on an episode of the Food Network show ""Party Starters"" in 2003, in which their

"Drop Dead Diva (season 6)"
Drop Dead Diva (season 6) ""Drop Dead Diva""s sixth and final season premiered March 23, 2014, and concluded on June 22, 2014, on Lifetime. Season six aired on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET (6:00 pm PT) and consisted of 13 episodes. On October 25, 2013, Lifetime and Sony Pictures TV renewed the series for a sixth season, which premiered on March 23, 2014. Colin Egglesfield, Virginia Williams, and Corbin Bleu guest starred in the season premiere while Rick Springfield and Jay DeMarcus guest starred later in the season. S. Epatha Merkerson and John Ratzenberger reprised their roles. Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss

Deb in Jane's body. Deb struggles to learn more about her inherited life, learning lessons about self-esteem and personal acceptance. Eventually, the real Jane Bingum (played by Natalie Hall) reappears in another person's body after having pressed the return key, leading Deb to finally reveal the truth to Grayson, now one of Jane's closest friends. Grayson, after grieving and moving on from Deb's passing, becomes conflicted, but finally accepts Deb in her new body, saying that he wants her to be her and no one else. In addition to working with Grayson at the law firm, Deb (as Jane) also

"Busty Heart"
series ""Botched"". Since 1996, she has operated Busty Heart's Place, a strip club located in Turtlepoint, Pennsylvania. Busty Heart Susan Sykes (born May 9, 1961) is a television personality and actress who has appeared in films such as ""The Dictator"" (alongside Sacha Baron Cohen and Sir Ben Kingsley) and ""Deported"", as well as several television shows, who performs under the stage name Busty Heart. Sykes is the daughter of an IBM executive and a school teacher. Sykes worked as an assistant at an investment firm and paralegal for a large law firm before her career in the entertainment business. Sykes

"Indian Ocean"
the Indian subcontinent. In the southern hemisphere, the winds are generally milder, but summer storms near Mauritius can be severe. When the monsoon winds change, cyclones sometimes strike the shores of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world. Long-term ocean temperature records show a rapid, continuous warming in the Indian Ocean, at about during 1901–2012. Indian Ocean warming is the largest among the tropical oceans, and about 3 times faster than the warming observed in the Pacific. Research indicates that human induced greenhouse warming, and changes in the frequency

poles. Ten of Asia's largest rivers flow from there. The two Himalayan states in the east, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, receive substantial snowfall. The extreme north of West Bengal centred on Darjeeling experiences snowfall, but only rarely. In South India, particularly the hinterlands of Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, somewhat cooler weather prevails. Minimum temperatures in western Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh hover around ; in the southern Deccan Plateau, they reach . Coastal areas—especially those near the Coromandel Coast and adjacent low-elevation interior tracts—are warm, with daily high temperatures of and lows of around . The Western Ghats, including

to September), and a post-monsoon period (October to November). India's geography and geology are climatically pivotal: the Thar Desert in the northwest and the Himalayas in the north work in tandem to effect a culturally and economically important monsoonal regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the Himalayas bar the influx of frigid katabatic winds from the icy Tibetan Plateau and northerly Central Asia. Most of North India is thus kept warm or is only mildly chilly or cold during winter; the same thermal dam keeps most regions in India hot in summer. Though the Tropic of Cancer—the

temperature hovers around , and the proximity of the sea increases the level of humidity. In southern India, the temperatures are higher on the east coast by a few degrees compared to the west coast. By May, most of the Indian interior experiences mean temperatures over , while maximum temperatures often exceed . In the hot months of April and May, western disturbances, with their cooling influence, may still arrive, but rapidly diminish in frequency as summer progresses. Notably, a higher frequency of such disturbances in April correlates with a delayed monsoon onset (thus extending summer) in northwest India. In

intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that morph into cyclones. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone rank among the most powerful cyclones to strike India, devastating the coasts of eastern India and neighbouring Bangladesh. Widespread death and property destruction are reported every year in the exposed coastal states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. India's western coast, bordering the more placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike Gujarat and, less frequently, Kerala. Cyclone 05B, a supercyclone that struck Orissa on 29 October 1999,

from the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, and Antarctic currents. North of 20° south latitude the minimum surface temperature is , exceeding to the east. Southward of 40° south latitude, temperatures drop quickly. Precipitation and evaporation leads to salinity variation in all oceans, and in the Indian Ocean salinity variations are driven by: (1) river inflow mainly from the Bay of Bengal, (2) fresher water from the Indonesian Throughflow; and (3) saltier water from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Surface water salinity ranges from 32 to 37 parts per 1000, the highest occurring in the Arabian Sea and in

playoff appearance for the Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play of those around him. At several points he openly criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft pick in the 2001 NBA draft, Kwame Brown. With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan's final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the NBA. In his final game at the United Center in Chicago, which was his old home court, Jordan received a four-minute standing ovation. The Miami Heat retired the number 23 jersey on April

Girls Club and dedicated it to his father. In his 1998 autobiography ""For the Love of the Game"", Jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992. The added exhaustion due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics solidified Jordan's feelings about the game and his ever-growing celebrity status. Jordan's announcement sent shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a Minor League Baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994.

at it. If you're willing to jeopardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah."" When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan replied, ""No."" On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the death of his father three months earlier also shaped his decision. Jordan's father was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his luxury Lexus

Press photographer Stephan Savoia and would later go viral on social media as the Crying Jordan Internet meme. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Jordan with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Jordan married Juanita Vanoy in September 1989, and they had two sons, Jeffrey Michael and Marcus James, and a daughter, Jasmine. Jordan and Vanoy filed for divorce on January 4, 2002, citing irreconcilable differences, but reconciled shortly thereafter. They again filed for divorce and were granted a final decree of dissolution of marriage on December 29, 2006, commenting that the decision was made ""mutually and amicably"". It is reported

may have also influenced the trade of Richard ""Rip"" Hamilton for Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically Director of Basketball Operations in 2002). On May 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as the team's president of basketball operations. Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he had known he would be fired upon retiring he never would have come back to play for the Wizards. Jordan kept busy over the next few years. He stayed in shape, played golf in celebrity charity tournaments, and spent time with his family in Chicago. He also promoted

of that year. On August 9, 2002, he publicly announced (via a taped message) that he had been diagnosed with symptoms consistent with Alzheimer's disease. In July 2003, in his final public appearance, Heston received the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the White House from President George W. Bush. In March 2005, various newspapers reported that family and friends were shocked by the progression of his illness, and that he was sometimes unable to get out of bed. Heston died on the morning of April 5, 2008, at his home in Beverly Hills, California, with Lydia, his wife of 64

"Henry Jordan"
1975, Jordan was inducted into the Green Bay Packer Hall of Fame. In 1977, seven years after leaving Green Bay, Jordan died at age 42 of a heart attack after jogging on February 21, 1977. Jordan's funeral was held in the Zion Episcopal Church in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and he is buried in La Belle Cemetery. He is survived by his wife Olive, and three children: Henry Jr., Theresa, and Suzanne. In 1995, Henry Jordan was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was represented in the coin toss ceremony at Super Bowl XXIX by former teammate Ray Nitschke,

"Blame It on the Bossa Nova"
på Jorden"". In Québec, the song was recorded in French by Margot Lefebvre as ""C'est la faute au bossa nova"", written by Pierre Nolès. Blame It on the Bossa Nova ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" is a song written by Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann which was a 1963 hit single for Eydie Gormé, reaching number 7 on the Hot 100 in ""Billboard"" in March 1963. The song also peaked at number 23 in the UK, whereas ""Yes, My Darling Daughter"" became the biggest hit for Eydie there, reaching number 10. Produced by Al Kasha who had been

Blame It on the Bossa Nova ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" is a song written by Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann which was a 1963 hit single for Eydie Gormé, reaching number 7 on the Hot 100 in ""Billboard"" in March 1963. The song also peaked at number 23 in the UK, whereas ""Yes, My Darling Daughter"" became the biggest hit for Eydie there, reaching number 10. Produced by Al Kasha who had been responsible for the 1 hit ""Go Away Little Girl"" by Gormé's husband Steve Lawrence, ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" featured backing vocals by

November 1963, peaking at 1 for five weeks. Also in 1963, the comedian Jackie Mason recorded a parody version entitled ""Don't Blame the Bossa Nova"" Lola Novaković recorded the Serbian rendering ""Bosa Nova"" in 1964. A recording by Anna-Lena Löfgren, with lyrics in Swedish as ""Det finns ingenting att hämta"" written by Stig Andersson, was at for 11 weeks during the period 14 May - 23 July 1967, peaking at 3. Another recording of the Swedish language version by Lotta Engbergs in 1997 appeared on the album ""Tolv i topp"", and as B-side of the 2000 single ""En liten stund

The Cookies. ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" merges the sensibilities of the Brill Building Sound with the Latin music which Gormé had previously specialized in, as the song describes a romantic relationship inaugurated by a couple dancing to the bossa nova - ""the dance of love."" The bossa nova is a Brazilian music style in vogue in the United States from the late 1950s. ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" was an international hit for Gormé, reaching 1 in Australia, South Africa and Sweden and 2 in Norway. In the UK the single reached 32. Rendered in Spanish by

Richard for his 1966 album ""Kinda Latin"". Nancy Boyd remade ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" for her 1987 album of classic hit songs entitled ""Let's Hang On"" (credited to Nancy Boyd & the Cappello's), with the track issued as the B-side of the single ""Maybe I Know"" which charted at 56 in the Netherlands. A recording of ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" by Manuela, with lyrics in German as ""Schuld war nur der Bossa Nova"" written by Georg Buschor, was on the German Charts for 27 weeks (21 weeks Top 10) during the period 27 April - 2

Gormé as ""Cúlpale a la bossa nova"", the track sold 250,000 units in Spain and Latin America and 100,000 units in Italy. Gormé consequently recorded several Top 40-oriented releases but ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" would be her last solo Top 40 hit, although partnered with Lawrence as Steve & Eydie she reached 28 and 35 with respectively ""I Want To Stay Here"" and ""I Can't Stop Talking About You"" in 1964. Gormé reached 43 with Mann-Weil's ""I Want You to Meet My Baby"" in September 1964; that track's B-side : ""Can't Get Over (the Bossa Nova)"", written by

"Blame It"
Blame It ""Blame It"" (also known as ""Blame It (On the Alcohol)"") is a song by American singer/actor Jamie Foxx, released as the second official single from his third studio album, ""Intuition"". (2008) It features singer T-Pain and was written by Christopher ""Deep"" Henderson, Nate Walker, James T. Brown, John Conte Jr., David Ballard and Brandon Melanchon and produced by Christopher ""Deep"" Henderson. Both Jamie Foxx and T-Pain use the Auto-Tune effect. T-Pain also uses some elements from ""I Luv Your Girl"" by The-Dream. The song received many accolades and nominations, including a win for Best R&B Performance by a

Jed Bartlet (Martin Sheen) enter her office to meet her for the first time. Former San Francisco 49ers head coach George Seifert performs the song karaoke-style in a Visa commercial that aired during the 1990s. Jack Mac Ferland from ""Will and Grace"" sings it too when he prepares his ""garlic jazz"" in season one. Movie soundtrack appearances for ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" include ""The Big Picture"" (1989), ""Mermaids"" (1990) and ""Doubt"" (2008). ""Blame It on the Bossa Nova"" is also featured in episode seven of the first season of the HBO program ""Big Love"". It is playing on

"Blame It on Me (George Ezra song)"
Blame It on Me (George Ezra song) ""Blame It on Me"" is a song by British singer-songwriter George Ezra. It was released as the fourth single from his debut studio album, ""Wanted on Voyage"" (2014). The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 11 August 2014 through Columbia Records. It debuted at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart, marking Ezra's second consecutive top 10 hit. Ezra explained the song to ""InStyle"". ""I wrote it when I was 18 and had just moved to Bristol. I was saddled with student loans, and I realised there

"Blame It on the Weatherman"
Blame It on the Weatherman ""Blame It on the Weatherman"" is a song by Irish girl group B*Witched. It was released as the fourth single from their self-titled debut studio album. Like the other three singles from the album, ""Blame It on the Weatherman"" reached number one on the UK Singles Chart. With this, B*Witched became the first act ever to have their first four singles all debut at number one in the UK (a record since equalled and bettered by fellow Irish band Westlife) and today remain the only girl group to do so., though it plummeted to number

Jimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the ""Leaders of the Free World."" At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches. At work one day when on lunch break, Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker,

a car factory. When he asks for extra shifts, his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual tardiness. Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex. Over time, Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life. When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work, his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested. Stephanie receives an eviction notice as she cannot pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good.

revenge by competing against the Leaders of the Free World at the next rap battle. However, Jimmy's late-night shift conflicts with the timing of the next battle tournament. A goodbye visit from Alex, who is moving to New York, changes his mind about competing, and Paul agrees to cover his shift at work as a favor while Jimmy goes to the battle. In all rounds of the rap battle, Jimmy has to compete against one member of ""the Leaders."" After winning the first two rounds, he faces off against Papa Doc and ultimately wins by exposing all of his opponent's

and commercial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for ""Lose Yourself"". In 1995 Detroit, Jimmy ""B-Rabbit"" Smith Jr. is a young, unhappy blue-collar worker from a poor family. He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run-down trailer home in Warren, Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie, his little sister Lily, and Stephanie's abusive live-in boyfriend Greg. Although encouraged by his friends, Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper. He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue, the Shelter, and he leaves the stage humiliated. Jimmy works at

"Eight Worlds"
her first Change, but eventually took a new name from ""The Front Page"". Hildy is the central character in ""Steel Beach"" and has appeared as a minor character in other works. Actor and con-man. The main character of ""The Golden Globe"". Described at length in ""The Ophiuchi Hotline"", the Invaders are inhabitants of gas-giant planets like Jupiter. They transcend the limits of four-dimensional spacetime and can manipulate time and space at will. They classify living beings in one of three categories: those such as themselves, who arise in gas giant planets everywhere, cetaceans such as dolphins and whales, and vermin,

"Ocean's 8"
Ocean's 8 Ocean's 8 (stylized onscreen as Ocean's Eight) is a 2018 American heist comedy film directed by Gary Ross and written by Ross and Olivia Milch. The film is both a continuation and a spin-off from Steven Soderbergh's ""Ocean's"" trilogy and features an ensemble cast, including Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, Anne Hathaway, Mindy Kaling, Sarah Paulson, Rihanna, Helena Bonham Carter, and Awkwafina. The film follows a group of women led by Debbie Ocean, the sister of Danny Ocean, who plan a sophisticated heist of the annual Met Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, United

inventor and ""leader"" uses the pseudonym ""Valentine Michael Smith"", an homage to Heinlein's novel ""Stranger in a Strange Land"". Hildy's discussions with Smith are usually a give-and-take discussion of the costs and benefits of their philosophy when verses the minimalist autocracy of how the Central Computer runs Luna, with neither side being idealized. The Heinleiners are referenced by Sparky Valentine in ""The Golden Globe"" but do not appear. Apparently a settlement on the far side of Luna from Earth, it features in several stories, including ""Options"", a story about the early days when people can change sex at will. In

"Dawson College shooting"
September 19, 2006. The school invited all students to join them on Monday, September 18, 2006 to meet with staff and faculty for information and support, as well as to retrieve belongings that had been left behind. It was announced that grief counseling and support services would be available on an ongoing basis. In addition, one of the victims, 18-year-old Hayder Kadhim, who received two bullet wounds to the head and neck, challenged Prime Minister Stephen Harper to a gun control debate in a public speech on CBC in response to the shooting. An immediate controversy arose about an article

Dawson College shooting The Dawson College shooting occurred on September 13, 2006 at Dawson College, a CEGEP located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The perpetrator, Kimveer Gill, began shooting outside the de Maisonneuve Boulevard entrance to the school, and moved towards the atrium by the cafeteria on the main floor. One victim died at the scene, while another 19 were injured, eight of whom were listed in critical condition, with six requiring surgery. The shooter later committed suicide by shooting himself in the head, after being shot in the arm by a police officer. It was the third fatal school

"Boxing Day shooting"
Boxing Day shooting The Boxing Day shooting was a Canadian gang-related shooting which occurred on December 26, 2005, on Toronto's Yonge Street, resulting in the death of 15-year-old student Jane Creba. Six other bystanders—four men and two women—were wounded. The incident took place on one of Toronto's most crowded streets on the very busy shopping day, just a few blocks north of the Toronto Eaton Centre. The story generated national news coverage in Canada and influenced the then-underway 2006 federal election campaign on the issues of gun crime and street violence. Jane Creba (May 13, 1990 – December 26, 2005),

"St. Pius X High School shooting"
St. Pius X High School shooting The St. Pius X High School shooting occurred on October 27, 1975, at St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was Canada's second recorded school shooting. The gunman, Robert Poulin, an 18-year-old St. Pius student, opened fire on his classmates with a shotgun, killing a 17-year-old classmate named Mark Hough and wounding six others before killing himself with a single shotgun wound to the head. Earlier that day, Poulin had raped and sodomized a 17-year-old Sri Lankan girl named Kim Rabot in his own bedroom before stabbing her to death. That

Lockdown
2008, two Canadian secondary schools were locked down due to suspected firearm threats. George S. Henry Academy was locked down in Toronto, Ontario at approximately 2:00 p.m. The Emergency Task Force (TPS) were contacted and the lockdown lasted for more than two hours. New Westminster Secondary School was locked down in New Westminster, British Columbia at approximately 1:40 p.m. The Emergency Response Team (ERT) were called and the school was under lockdown until 4:30 p.m. Due to the size of the school some students were not able to leave until 7:00 p.m. On 19 April 2013, the entire city of

"Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting"
going to eliminate two teachers"" (including Mrs. Wright). He wanted to get revenge because he hated the school system. Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting The Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting was a school shooting that occurred at Brampton Centennial Secondary School in Brampton, Ontario, Canada on Wednesday May 28, 1975, at 11:35 a.m. The school closed for the remainder of the week following the shooting, and re-opened the following Monday. The incident began when 16-year-old Michael Slobodian brought two rifles to school in a guitar case. Slobodian began firing in a boys' washroom. Slobodian first killed fellow student John Slinger

"La Loche shootings"
high school or elementary school. Reuters reported that it was the worst Canadian school shooting since the École Polytechnique massacre of 1989, in which fourteen were killed. Classes at La Loche Community School were suspended immediately after the shooting. On , the local school board, Northern Lights School Division No. 113, told parents the school would reopen in seven to ten more days, though the reopening was postponed to at least . Plans to tear down the school were considered, but not passed. It said that it was willing to implement a security program at that time, following community discussion

Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting The Brampton Centennial Secondary School shooting was a school shooting that occurred at Brampton Centennial Secondary School in Brampton, Ontario, Canada on Wednesday May 28, 1975, at 11:35 a.m. The school closed for the remainder of the week following the shooting, and re-opened the following Monday. The incident began when 16-year-old Michael Slobodian brought two rifles to school in a guitar case. Slobodian began firing in a boys' washroom. Slobodian first killed fellow student John Slinger in the washroom and wounded two others. He then entered the hallway and continued shooting, wounding several students. He

"School shooting"
16 were killed, the 2001 Santana High School shooting in Santee, California in which 2 were killed, and the 2018 Marshall County High School shooting in Benton, Kentucky in which 2 were killed. During 1996, the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) together with the US Department of Education and the United States Department of Justice, published a review of deaths related to schools occurring as a result of violence, including explicitly ""unintentional firearm-related death"", for the academic years 1992-1993 and 1993-1994. A second study (Anderson; Kaufman; Simon 2001), a continuation from the 1996 study, was published December 5,

sex and pornography, having repeatedly written in his diaries about his desire to experience sex before he died. A book entitled ""Rape of a Normal Mind"" was later written about the incident. St. Pius X High School shooting The St. Pius X High School shooting occurred on October 27, 1975, at St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was Canada's second recorded school shooting. The gunman, Robert Poulin, an 18-year-old St. Pius student, opened fire on his classmates with a shotgun, killing a 17-year-old classmate named Mark Hough and wounding six others before killing himself with a

a thinly veiled version of the Ohio State vs. Michigan game, parodying both sides and their fanaticism regarding the event. The 1942 movie ""The Male Animal"", based on a play of the same name by Ohio State alumni James Thurber and Elliott Nugent, also features a version of the game. In 2011, 10-year-old Grant Reed of Columbus was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. Not liking to use the word ""cancer"", Reed (whose parents are both Ohio State alums and himself is an Ohio State fan) decided to call his cancer ""Michigan"", since ""Ohio State is always going to beat

field goal. The final score was 42–13, in favor of Ohio State. The 2016 game pitted the third-ranked Wolverines against the second-ranked Buckeyes, only the second time that the matchup featured programs both ranked in the nation's top three. Michigan led 10–7 at halftime and extended its lead to 17–7 early in the third quarter. An Ohio State touchdown cut the deficit to 17–14 heading to the fourth quarter. The Buckeyes kicked a field goal in the final seconds of regulation to tie the game and force overtime. The game marked the first overtime in the series between the two

according to legend, once refused to get gas in an empty tank, saying: ""No, goddammit! We do NOT pull in and fill up. And I'll tell you exactly why we don't. It's because I don't buy one goddam drop of gas in the state of Michigan! We'll coast and PUSH this goddam car to the Ohio line before I give this state a nickel of my money!"" During the ""Ten-Year War,"" Ohio State and Michigan shared the Big Ten title six times. Between 1976 and 1978, Michigan won the game each year, and Ohio State failed to score a touchdown

winning streak into Ann Arbor, but behind an inspiring 60-yard punt return by Barry Pierson that set up a Wolverine touchdown in the second quarter, and a defense that intercepted Ohio State six times (three by Pierson), the Wolverines won a defensive battle (both teams were scoreless in the second half) for a 24–12 upset. The contest was the first in the famous ""Ten-Year War"" between Hayes and Schembechler, which pitted some of OSU's and UM's strongest teams against one another. Four times between 1970 and 1975, Ohio State and Michigan were both ranked in the top five of the

not count as a conference game in 1997. A 1996 rollover accident during Michigan's recruitment of Mateen Cleaves led to a long investigation surrounding the University of Michigan basketball scandal. Cleaves eventually matriculated at Michigan State. Despite the intense rivalry for basketball recruits and resources and the intensity of the rivalry in other sports, the rivalry had not been intense (as measured by rankings) on the basketball court until the 2010s when the teams met 7 times in a row as ranked opponents. On February 12, 2013, for the first time in the series' 170-game history, dating back to 1909,

"Hong Kong Stock Exchange"
significant fluctuations in the closing prices of stocks and suspicions of market manipulation. Initially, the exchange proposed limiting price fluctuations in the auction sessions to 2%; in the end, they removed the closing session entirely in March 2009. Up until 2011, trading hours comprised a pre-opening auction from 9:30 AM to 9:50 AM, followed by continuous trading from 10:00 AM to 12:30 PM and 2:30 PM to 4:00 PM. The two-hour lunch break between the morning and afternoon sessions was the longest among the world's 20 major stock exchanges. A 2003 proposal to shorten the lunch break failed due to

promote the development of technology industries in the region. According to the reform plan announced in March 1999, the Exchange, the Hong Kong Futures Exchange and their clearing houses merged into a new holding company, the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. The trading day consists of: The closing price is reported as the median of five price snapshots taken from 3:59 to 4:00 pm every 15 seconds. In May 2008, the exchange also implemented a closing auction session to run from 4:00 pm to 4:10 pm, with a similar pricing mechanism as the opening auction; however, this resulted in

lunch break, and an afternoon session from 1:30 pm to 4:00 pm. Index futures and options now began trading at 9:15 am, thirty minutes earlier than before, and closed at the same time as before, 4:15 pm. On 5 March 2012, the lunch break was cut to sixty minutes, with the afternoon session running from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm. The exchange first introduced a computer-assisted trading system on 2 April 1986. In 1993 the exchange launched the ""Automatic Order Matching and Execution System"" (AMS), which was replaced by the third generation system (AMS/3) in October 2000. David Webb, independent

third generation of the trading system, AMS/3, will be launched in 2000. It will provide enhanced functionality and a platform for a straight-through transaction process. In respect of market and product development, there are the listing of the first derivative warrant in February 1988, the listing of the first China-incorporated enterprise (H share) in July 1993; and the introduction of regulated short selling in January 1994 and stock options in September 1995. Furthermore, the Exchange introduced the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) in November 1999 to provide fund raising opportunities for growth companies of all sizes from all industries, and to

fastest growing stock exchange in Asia. The physical trading floor at Exchange Square (Hong Kong) closed in 2017, due to the shift towards electronic trading. By 2014, it accounted for less than 1% of trade volume. The Hong Kong securities market can be traced back to 1866, but the stock market was formally set up in 1891, when the Association of Stockbrokers in Hong Kong was established. It was renamed The Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1914. By 1972, Hong Kong had four stock exchanges in operation. There were subsequently calls for the formation of a unified stock exchange. The

opposition from brokers. Another plan to shorten the lunch break to one hour was floated by the exchange in 2010; the morning session would then start earlier, run from 9:30 am to 12:00 pm, and the afternoon session from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm, leaving the closing time the same as before. Justifications included bringing hours into line with China. Reactions from both brokers and the restaurant industry were mixed. On 7 March 2011, the exchange extended its hours in the first of two phases. The morning session now ran from 9:30 am to 12:00 noon, followed by a ninety-minute

Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the Exchange) was incorporated in 1980 and trading on the Exchange finally commenced on 2 April 1986. Since 1986, a number of major developments have taken place. The 1987 market crash revealed flaws in the market and led to calls for a complete reform of the Hong Kong securities industry. This led to significant regulatory changes and infrastructural developments. As a result, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) was set up in 1989 as the single statutory securities market regulator. The market infrastructure was much improved with the introduction by the Exchange of the

Central Clearing and Settlement System (CCASS) in June 1992 and the Automatic Order Matching and Execution System (AMS) in November 1993. Since then, the framework of market rules and regulations, both Exchange-administered or otherwise, have been undergoing continuing review and revision to meet changing market needs while ensuring effective market regulation. The Exchange Listing Rules have been made more comprehensive, and other existing regulations have been improved or new regulations introduced to enhance market development and investor protection. Enhancements were also made to the system infrastructure, including the launch of off-floor trading terminals in brokers’ offices in January 1996. The

"Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing"
Systems as such were added to meet the increased popularity of online stock trading. HKEX's morning session runs from 09:00 am to 12:00 pm; the extended morning session is from 12:00 pm until 1:00 pm and the afternoon session is from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm. HKEX implemented a Closing Auction Session (CAS) in two phases on 25 July 2016 and 24 July 2017. The securities eligible for the CAS include all constituents of the Hang Seng Composite LargeCap, MidCap and SmallCap indices, H shares which have corresponding A shares listed on a mainland exchange and all exchange traded funds.

was put back on the table following protests by brokers. Webb criticised the board for caving in to vested interests. Hong Kong Stock Exchange The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, abb. SEHK, is Asia's third-largest stock exchange in terms of market capitalization behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the sixth largest in the world before Euronext. As of 31 October 2016, SEHK had 1,955 listed companies, 989 of which are from mainland China (Red chip, H share and P chip), 856 from Hong Kong and 110 from other countries and region (e.g. Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia,

"Portugal. The Man"
Portugal. The Man Portugal. The Man is an American rock band from Wasilla, Alaska, currently residing in Portland, Oregon. The group consists of lead singers John Baldwin Gourley, Gourley's partner and background singer Zoe Manville, Zach Carothers, Kyle O'Quin, Jason Sechrist, and Eric Howk. Gourley and Carothers met and began playing music together in 2001 at Wasilla High School in Wasilla. Their first two albums, from 2006 and 2007, were released on Fearless Records. On April 2, 2010, the band signed to Atlantic Records. On January 28, 2018, the band won ""Best Pop Duo/Group Performance"" category for their song ""Feel

the iPad Pro, Vitamin Water, and YouTube TV. In 2018 the band performed at the March for Our Lives Portland. Touring members Studio albums Portugal. The Man Portugal. The Man is an American rock band from Wasilla, Alaska, currently residing in Portland, Oregon. The group consists of lead singers John Baldwin Gourley, Gourley's partner and background singer Zoe Manville, Zach Carothers, Kyle O'Quin, Jason Sechrist, and Eric Howk. Gourley and Carothers met and began playing music together in 2001 at Wasilla High School in Wasilla. Their first two albums, from 2006 and 2007, were released on Fearless Records. On April

"John Hill (record producer)"
John Hill (record producer) John Graham Hill is an American record producer, songwriter, remixer and musician. He was nominated for ""Producer of the Year"" for the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. John Hill currently works out of Santa Monica, California. In 2017, John Hill co-wrote and produced ""Feel It Still"" by Portugal. The Man, which as of Nov 1, 2017 was #1 on the Billboard all genre Radio Songs chart, the Pop Songs chart, as well as the Dance/Mix Show Airplay and Adult Pop Songs charts after having spent 17 weeks on top of the Alternative Songs chart and 11 weeks

Songs, Pop Songs, Adult Pop Songs, Alternative Songs, Adult Alternative Songs and Dance/Mix Show Airplay. Portugal. The Man are the first act to accomplish this feat since Gotye and Kimbra with ""Somebody That I Used to Know"" in 2012; they are the only artists to have a number-one Alternative and Adult Alternative single also reach number one on the Dance/Mix Show Airplay since the chart's launch in August 2003. They are now also one of twelve acts to have achieved the feat of having reached number one on six or more airplay charts. In June of 2017, the song was

"The Holdup"
of the band. Following the departure of Christensen, he was quickly replaced by a temporary bass player on their ""It's All Good Tour"" in the fall of 2015, touring with Wheeland Brothers. The Holdup The Holdup is an American band from San Jose, CA. Their music incorporates elements of reggae, hip-hop, pop, and indie. The Holdup formed initially when drummer Danny Flores and guitarist Tyler Scurti added vocalist Mike Garmany in the autumn of 2006. A second lineup was formed by Danny Flores (drums), Tyler Scurti (guitar), and Mike Garmany (lead vocals/guitar) in 2007 after recruiting Kyle Christensen (bass guitar).

also released, powered by technology from WIREWAX. The interactive video contained ""Easter eggs"" that a viewer could click on to build their #resist toolkit to learn and support 30 different social and political causes. The song became the band's first to top both the ""Billboard"" Alternative Songs and the Adult Alternative Songs charts. Taking six weeks to do so, it is the fastest an artist has achieved their first chart-topper on the latter chart since Mumford & Sons' ""I Will Wait"" took three weeks to reach number one. ""Feel It Still"" also climbed to number four on the ""Billboard"" Hot

100, becoming their first entry on the chart. The song also peaked at number one on the Russian and Mexican airplay charts, and peaked inside the top 20 in France and Switzerland. ""Feel It Still"" has spent twenty weeks at number one on the Alternative Songs chart, becoming the longest-running number-one song on that chart, beating out ""Madness"" by Muse, which spent 19 weeks at the top from 2012 to 2013. In ""Billboard""s November 11, 2017 issue, ""Feel It Still"" joined the list of songs since 2003 to have reached number one on six of the major airplay charts: Radio

Zippo
is blown from the top down, it will be easily extinguished. The proper way to extinguish the lighter is to close the top half, which starves the flame of oxygen, but unlike other lighters, this does not cut off the fuel supply. One of the recognizable features of Zippo is the fact that it burns with a wick. Opening the top lid produces an easily recognizable ""clink"" sound for which Zippo lighters are known, and a different but similarly recognizable ""clunk"" when the lighter is closed. This noise is produced by the spring-loaded toggling cam, a little lever that keeps

Zippo
are rectangular with a hinged top. On most models, the top of the case is slightly curved. Inside the case are the works of the lighter. The insert contains the spring-toggle lever that keeps the top closed, the wick, windscreen chimney, flintwheel, and flint, all of which are mounted on an open-bottom metal box that is slightly smaller than the bottom of the outer case, and into which it slips snugly. The hollow part of the interior box encloses five rayon balls (similar to cotton balls) which are in contact with the wick. The bottom of this is covered by

"Zip fuel"
Zip fuel Zip fuel, also known as high energy fuel (HEF), is any member of a family of jet fuels containing additives in the form of hydro-boron compounds, or ""boranes"". Zip fuels offered higher energy density than conventional fuels, helping extend the range of jet aircraft, a major problem for the military planners in the 1950s. A number of aircraft were designed to make use of zip, including the XB-70 Valkyrie, XF-108 Rapier, as well as the BOMARC, and even the nuclear-powered aircraft program. In testing, the fuels proved to have several serious problems and the entire effort was eventually

"Zip fuel"
this would have been a factory for HEF fuel, using the large borax deposits nearby (giving the town its name), where it could be easily shipped to Edwards Air Force Base. Zip fuel Zip fuel, also known as high energy fuel (HEF), is any member of a family of jet fuels containing additives in the form of hydro-boron compounds, or ""boranes"". Zip fuels offered higher energy density than conventional fuels, helping extend the range of jet aircraft, a major problem for the military planners in the 1950s. A number of aircraft were designed to make use of zip, including the

"Zip fuel"
canceled in 1959. It was later claimed that the Blackstar spaceplane uses zip fuel, but Blackstar is almost certainly mythical. The highest energy density fuel seen in common propellant combinations is hydrogen. However, gaseous hydrogen has very low density; liquified hydrogen has higher density but is complex and expensive to store. When combined with other elements, like carbon, the hydrogen can be rendered into the easily burnable hydrocarbon fuels. Other elements, like aluminum and beryllium have even higher energy content than carbon, but do not mix well to form a stable fuel that can be easily burned. Of all the

"Zip fuel"
the Air Force's program was based on HEF-3, which seemed to be the most likely candidate for quick introduction. HEF became part of the WS-110 efforts to build a new long-range bomber to replace the B-52 Stratofortress with a design able to dash at speeds up to Mach 2. The initial designs from Boeing and North American Aviation (NAA) both used conventional fuels for takeoff and cruise, switching to HEF during the high-speed dash, burning it only in their afterburner sections. This avoided the main problems with HEF; by burning it only in the afterburners the problem with buildup on

"Zip cube"
A Bag"" along with a range of BBQ products. Zip cube A Zip firelighter (or ""zip cube"") is a packaged small block of solid fuel containing kerosene, sold as a firelighter in Ireland, Canada and the United States, also in the UK, France & Belgium where they are the leading brand. Zip also manufacture a ""Clean Wrap"", ""Fast & Clean"" or ""Wrapped"" product- the kerosene is encapsulated within a lightable plastic wrapper which keeps hands clean and rooms odour free. Zip has diversified into Natural firelighters- made of compressed wood fibre and wax, and in the UK and Ireland Zip

"Zip fuel"
general terms, boron-enhanced fuels offer up to 140% the energy density of plain JP-4 in terms of both weight and volume. In the US a whole family of fuels were investigated, and generally referred to by the names they were assigned during the Air Force's Project HEF: HEF-1 (ethyldiborane), HEF-2 (propylpentaborane), HEF-3 (ethyldecaborane), HEF-4 (methyldecaborane), and HEF-5 (ethylacetylenedecaborane). All zip fuels have a number of disadvantages. For one, the fuel is toxic, as is its exhaust. This was of little concern in flight, but a major concern for ground crews servicing the aircraft. The fuels burn to create solids that

"Zip fuel"
low-mass elements, boron has the combination of high energy, low weight and wide availability that makes it interesting as a potential fuel. Boranes have a high specific energy, about 70,000 kJ/kg (30,000 BTU/lb). This compares favorably to a typical kerosene-based fuel, such as JP-4 or RP-1, which provides about 42,000 kJ/kg (18,000 BTU/lb). They are not suitable for burning as a fuel on their own, however, as they are often prone to self-ignition in contact with air, making them dangerous to handle. When mixed with conventional jet fuels, they add to the energy content while becoming somewhat more stable. In

"Zip fuel"
are both sticky and corrosive, in particular, boron carbide solids are mechanically sharp. This caused serious problems for turbine blades in jet engines, where the exhaust built up on the blades and reduced their effectiveness and sometimes caused catastrophic failure of the engine. Finally, the exhaust plume is filled with particulates, like coal smoke, allowing an aircraft to be spotted visually at long range. In the end, the problem of burning HEF throughout the entire engine proved impossible to solve. Removing the buildup was difficult, and the wear it caused was something that materials science was unable to address. It

"Ben 10: Ultimate Alien"
Ben 10: Ultimate Alien Ben 10: Ultimate Alien is an American animated television seriesthe third entry in Cartoon Network's Ben 10 franchise created by team Man of Action (a group consisting of Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle), and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. It was slated to premiere after the series finale of """" on March 26, 2010, but actually premiered on April 23, 2010, in the US and in the UK. In India and Latin America, it premiered on October 10, 2010. In Canada, the series started airing on September 12, 2010, on Teletoon.

The series finale aired on March 31, 2012 with the two-part episode, ""The Ultimate Enemy"", being in memory of series developer and producer Dwayne McDuffie, who died during the production of the series. The plot follows on from ""Ben 10: Alien Force""; set one year after the events of the . The Omnitrix has been destroyed, and Ben must learn to master the incredible and incomprehensible secrets of the new Ultimatrix, a gauntlet-like version of the old Omnitrix that not only gives him access to ""all"" of his original alien abilities, but also allows him to evolve his alien forms

"Ben 10 Ultimate Alien: Cosmic Destruction"
in the Amazon Rainforest, which is being held in a military base. While Ben is looking for the artifact, he unintentionally activates a missile. Ben works to stop the missile from launching, and after succeeding in doing so, he quickly escapes the base before it could self-destruct. However, in an elevator, Ben meets a pair of clones of the Vreedle Brothers after fighting off the R.E.D.s as Ultimate Echo Echo. Ben fights them and takes the Potis Altiare piece after defeating them. Ben is watching another Will Harangue broadcast, where his anonymous source is still feeding him footage of Ben’s

"Ben 10"
from his past. Original air date: April 18, 2008 - March 26, 2010 Overall episode numbers: 53-98 After Ben's last battle with Vilgax which resulted in the destruction of the Omnitrix, Ben replaces it with the new Ultimatrix that allows him to evolve his alien forms into their ultimate forms. With the recent disclosure of his identity, Ben has become a worldwide celebrity. Meanwhile, Ben, Gwen, and Kevin must stop an Osmosian villain named Aggregor, who hunts new aliens from the Andromeda galaxy, and intends to use their powers to achieve the ""ultimate prize"". Later, Ben, Gwen, and Kevin have

"Ben 10"
to prevent the release of an extra dimensional entity called Diagon and prevent him from taking over the universe. The last episode of this series also featured Ultimate Way Big. Original air date: April 23, 2010 - March 31, 2012 Overall episode numbers: 99-150 Ben acquires a new powerful, perfect Omnitrix that allows him to gain access to a new set of alien forms along with all the forms he has assumed prior. After Gwen goes away to college with Kevin accompanying her, Ben pairs up with a by-the-book rookie plumber, Rook Blonko. Rook is an intelligent and talented expert

into far much stronger and more powerful versions; called ""ultimate forms."" However, in the premiere episode, ""Fame"", a young fan named Jimmy Jones deduces Ben's secret identity and reveals it to the world. Ben becomes an overnight celebrity, hailed by kids as a hero but distrusted by most adults as a possible threat. With Gwen, Kevin, Julie, and Grandpa Max still at his side, Ben continues to battle alien threats to the galaxy, including finding five aliens that were attacked and kidnapped by an Osmosian villain named Aggregor. Their names were Bivalvan, Galapegus, P'andor, Andreas, and Ra'ad. After Aggregor captured

and fused with all five aliens, he began searching for the Map of Infinity to go to the Forge of Creation and absorb the vast God/cosmic-like powers of Celestialsapiens. Later, Kevin is forced to absorb energy from the Ultimatrix and goes insane with tremendous energy and power, but is shown that he does still have a good human heart, and still does care, and that he has not gone completely evil. Kevin is eventually returned to normal and Aggregor's actions are reversed. The second season features more self-contained stories rather than employing an overall storyline, although a real storyline is

"Ben 10: Alien Swarm"
and following them, uses Humongousaur (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) to defeat the swarm, completely demolishing Kevin's car in the process. By the time they return to headquarters, the chips have spread across the globe, and number in the millions. Gwen realizes the swarm's new ability is a sign that they can adapt to threats and become smarter. The group also deduces the chips have a queen (voiced by Wendy Cutler), as the chip's hosts have mentioned her. They believed that they can stop the chips by destroying her, but during their search for the Queen, one of the active

"Ben 10: Alien Force"
series ran for a total of three seasons and forty-six episodes with its final episode being aired on March 26, 2010. It was nominated for four Emmy Awards, winning one for Outstanding Sound Mixing – Live Action and Animation. Set five years after the end of the original series, Ben Tennyson, now a teenager, once again dons the Omnitrix to protect the earth and other parts of the universe from villainous alien activity. The Omnitrix itself, a wristwatch-shaped device, allows Ben to transform into numerous alien forms, thereby inheriting the unique abilities of that alien race. ""Ben 10: Alien Force""

"Episode One (Dark Matter)"
They have come not to help the colonists but to kill them. ""Episode One"" was watched by 273,000 overnight viewers on the Space channel in Canada, and 1.28 million viewers on Syfy, with a 0.3 18-49 rating during its first airing. With Live+7 DVR viewing factored in, the episode had an overall rating of 2.04 million viewers. Reaction to the episode from critics was mixed, with Matt Fowler from IGN noting that ""Those yearning for Syfy channel's return to space might feel appeased by Dark Matter"" and notes that the ""opening chapter does little to inspire further exploration"", and gives

"Florida's Natural Growers"
Florida's Natural Growers Florida's Natural Growers (stylized ""Floridas Natural"") is an agricultural cooperative based in Lake Wales, Florida. It is currently owned by over 1,100 grower members. It was the only national orange juice maker that uses only US-grown fruit (grown by its cooperative members in Florida) in its products. Florida's Natural Growers was founded in 1933 as Florida Citrus Canners Cooperative. Its initial operations included canning juice and grapefruit sections for its members, and in 1938 began extracting juice with automated machines. During World War II, the company produced concentrated orange juice for the military; after the war, 80%

to differentiate itself from main competitors Simply Orange, Minute Maid and Tropicana. It does this by emphasizing its cooperative organization (""we own the land, we own the trees, we own the company""). By comparison, Simply Orange and Minute Maid are both owned by Coca-Cola, while Tropicana is owned by PepsiCo. It was the only national orange juice maker that uses only US-grown fruit (grown by its cooperative members primarily in Polk County, Florida) in its products. Nearly all other juice makers use a mix of domestic and imported (Brazil) citrus fruit. Florida's Natural Growers Florida's Natural Growers (stylized ""Floridas Natural"")

of the juice the company produced was in frozen concentrate form to meet consumer demand for the relatively new, convenient form. In the 1960s, consumer demand shifted to fresh-squeezed orange juice, and frozen concentrate sales declined while demand for chilled juices increased. In 1969, the cooperative took the name Citrus World and adopted the current name in 1998. It is currently composed of 12 growers: Waverly Growers Cooperative, Lake Placid Cooperative, Ben Hill Griffin Inc., Haines City Citrus Growers Association, Orange Growers Marketing Association, Lake Wales Citrus Growers Association, Hunt Brothers Cooperative, Citrus Marketing Services Inc, Peace River Packing Company,

"Orange juice"
result, some government nutritional advice has been adjusted to encourage substitution of orange juice with raw fruit, which is digested more slowly, and limit daily consumption. Due to the importance of oranges to the economy of the state of Florida, ""the juice obtained from mature oranges of the species Citrus sinensis and hybrids thereof"" was adopted as the official beverage of Florida in 1967. During World War II, American soldiers rejected vitamin C-packed lemon crystals because of their unappetizing taste. Thus the government searched for a food that would fulfill the nutritional needs of the soldiers, have a desirable taste,

"Florida wine"
Florida wine Florida wine refers to wine made from grapes and other fruit grown in the U.S. state of Florida. Wine grapes were grown in Florida earlier than anywhere else in the United States. The first wine grapes were planted in the 16th century by Spanish missionaries for the production of sacramental wine for Christian religious ceremonies. Because of the tropical climate and grapevine diseases, particularly Pierce's disease, ""vitis vinifera"" does not grow well in Florida. The Florida Grape Growers Association was established in 1923. In the 1930s, researchers at the University of Florida helped develop new hybrid grape varieties

Dundee Citrus Growers Association, Winter Haven Citrus Growers Association, and Umatilla Citrus Growers Association. In 2001, the company opened ""Grove House"", a visitor's center across the street from its Lake Wales, Florida processing plant. Grove House is open daily except Sunday, and is closed from Memorial Day through the last day of September. Florida's Natural produces not-from-concentrate citrus juices (mainly orange juice) under the Florida's Natural and Donald Duck brand names. In the 1970s and 1980s, Florida's Natural worked with The Walt Disney Company to develop the Orange Bird character for marketing and promotions. The company's primary marketing strategy is

"Florida Water"
Florida Water Florida Water is an American version of Eau de Cologne, or Cologne Water. It has the same citrus basis as Cologne Water, but shifts the emphasis to sweet orange (rather than the lemon and neroli of the original Cologne Water), and adds spicy notes including lavender and clove. The name refers to the fabled Fountain of Youth, which was said to be located in Florida, as well as the ""flowery"" nature of the scent. According to current trademark holders, Lanman & Kemp Barclay, Florida Water was introduced by the New York City perfumer (and founder of the original

specifically suited for Florida's climate, including Stover, Blanc Du Bois, Swanee and Miss Blanc. As early as 1991 Florida Orange Groves Winery began to develop wines made from 100% tropical fruit. Thanks to their efforts the term Florida Wine now encompasses varieties like mango, key lime, orange, grapefruit, blueberry and strawberry. Following in the footsteps of Florida Orange Groves Winery are several other wineries located in Florida now experimenting with tropical fruits. There are no designated American Viticultural Areas in Florida. Florida wine Florida wine refers to wine made from grapes and other fruit grown in the U.S. state of

"Florida Beer Company"
Florida Beer Company Florida Beer Company is a brewery in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Florida Beer Company is organized in the state of Florida as a C Corporation. Founded in 1996 as Indian River Brewing Company, the 11,000 square foot brewery on South US 1 in Melbourne produced its first beers, Indian River Shoal Draft and Indian River Amberjack in June 1997; production of Kelly's Irish Hard Cider and a variety of private label beers began in late 1997-1998. This company was capitalized by a private placement to approximately 65 mostly local shareholders, an SBA-guaranteed loan and original founder contributions. The

"Parkinsonia florida"
and edible either fresh or cooked. ""Parkinsonia florida"" is cultivated as an ornamental plant and tree by specialty plant nurseries, for planting as a shrub or multi-trunked small tree in drought tolerant and wildlife gardens of suitable climates. It offers an unusual green-blue silhouette in gardens, and delicately patterned light shade over patios. The Irish botanist Thomas Coulter was the first to categorize ""Parkinsonia florida"". He obtained specimens near Hermosillo, in Sonora, Mexico, in 1830. The blue palo verde is the state tree of Arizona. In 1966, it was also named the ""city tree"" of South Miami, Florida. Parkinsonia florida

"The Dumping Ground (series 5)"
The Dumping Ground (series 5) The fifth series of the British children's television series ""The Dumping Ground"" began broadcasting on 20 January 2017 on CBBC and ended on 15 December 2017. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Ashdene Ridge, nicknamed by them ""The Dumping Ground"". It consists of twenty-two, thirty-minute episodes, airing in two halves in January-March and October-December 2017. It is the thirteenth series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise. In the first half of the series, long-running characters Bailey (Kasey McKellar), Mischief (Sage) and Kazima (Akuc Bol)

"The Dumping Ground (series 6)"
The Dumping Ground (series 6) The sixth series of the British children's television series ""The Dumping Ground"" began broadcasting on 12 January 2018 on CBBC and ended on 7 December 2018. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Ashdene Ridge, nicknamed by them ""The Dumping Ground"". It consisted of twenty-four, thirty-minute episodes, airing in two halves in January and September; ten episodes for the second half premiered a week early on BBC iPlayer. It is the fourteenth series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise. Alexander Aze returned as Dexter Bellman,

"The Dumping Ground (series 7)"
The Dumping Ground (series 7) The seventh series of the British children's television series ""The Dumping Ground"" will begin broadcasting on 4 January 2019 on CBBC.<ref name=""CBBC Schedule 4/1/19""></ref> The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Ashdene Ridge, nicknamed by them ""The Dumping Ground"". It is set to consist of twenty-four, thirty-minute episodes. It is the fifteenth series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> A seventh series of ""The Dumping Ground"" was confirmed in 2016 and production began in April 2017. Like the previous five series, the front exterior

does not hurt them and Ryan goes around fixing broken things, but the young people find it hard to believe. Leo James and Cole Wealleans-Watts joined the series, playing brothers Bird and Jay. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Dumping Ground (series 6) The sixth series of the British children's television series ""The Dumping Ground"" began broadcasting on 12 January 2018 on CBBC and ended on 7 December 2018. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Ashdene Ridge, nicknamed by them ""The Dumping Ground"". It consisted of twenty-four, thirty-minute episodes, airing in two halves in

"Scorched Earth (2018 film)"
in the town entrance, and transports Doc back to New Montana by stretcher. The film was released in Canada and the United States on February 2, 2018. Reviewer Michael Rechtshaffen of the ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote that a ""decent premise — and a game Gina Carano — get left in the dust kicked up by [...] a dull, draggy post-apocalyptic western"" and that ""all the potential fun has been sucked out of the movie"" in his negative review of the film. Reviewer Joe Lydon of ""Variety.com"" noted numerous echoes of ""Mad Max"" and ""A Fistful of Dollars"" and ultimately described

"Dumplin' (film)"
on August 21, 2017, in Covington, Georgia and ended in October. In September 2018, Netflix acquired distribution rights to the film. It was released on December 7, 2018. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, ""Dumplin"" holds an approval rating of 81% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Elevated by a solid soundtrack and a terrific cast, ""Dumplin"" offers sweetly uplifting drama that adds just enough new ingredients to a reliably comforting formula."" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating ""mixed

"The Dumping Ground"
it was confirmed that two further series, with 24 episodes in each series, would be made. An eighth series was announced in 2018. The Dumping Ground was initially aimed at CBBC's target audience of 6 to 12-year-olds, but is also popular with older children and families, and is now aimed at their maturing fans, up to age 16. The Dumping Ground broadcast its 100th episode on 16 March 2018, which was the tenth episode of series six. The series revolves around the life of children in the Ashdene Ridge (previously Elm Tree House) care home; typically each episode follows one

his life in care. In November 2015, a five-part miniseries aired, titled ""The Dumping Ground Dish Up"", that featured five former cast members - Joe Maw, Jessie Williams, Chris Slater, Jessica Revell and Saffron Coomber - in character and showing how to make different dishes. """", another webisode series where young people and staff describe living and working in care, aired for two series from 25 January 2016 to 9 February 2017. On 6 April 2018, a five-part mini webisode series was released called ""Sasha's Contact Meeting"", which followed Sasha with her social worker planning her pathway plan for when

East. To portray life accurately in a children's care home, the show works with children's advocate, Bev Costello, who acts as an adviser. All the main cast, apart from Dani Harmer and Saffron Coomber, from the last episode of the third series of ""Tracy Beaker Returns"" reprised their roles and Leanne Dunstan, Reece Buttery and Sarah Rayson were cast as Faith Davis, Mo Michaels and Floss Guppy respectively. Stacy Liu joined as new care worker May-Li Wang from the 2013 Christmas special and Kasey McKellar joined as Bailey Wharton in series two. Ratings from BARB. From series 6b onwards, viewing

The Dumping Ground The Dumping Ground (also informally referred to as TDG) is an award-winning British children's television drama series that focuses on the lives and experiences of young people and their care workers in care, broadcast on CBBC since 4 January 2013. The series is a spin-off to ""Tracy Beaker Returns"" and the first series, consisting of thirteen, thirty-minute episodes, was commissioned in early 2012. A second series, also with thirteen, thirty-minute episodes, was announced in 2013. The third and fourth series, announced in 2014 and 2015 respectively, both had an increase in episodes: twenty, thirty-minute episodes. In 2016,

"Igneous rock"
as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses. Igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 90–95% of the top 16 km of the Earth's crust by volume. Igneous rocks form about 15% of the Earth's current land surface. Most of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of igneous rock. Igneous rocks are also geologically important because: In terms of modes of occurrence, igneous rocks can be either intrusive (plutonic and hypabyssal) or extrusive (volcanic). Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust

composition. Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories: The chemical abundance and the rate of cooling of magma typically forms a sequence known as Bowen's reaction series. Most major igneous rocks are found along this scale. About 64.7% of the Earth's crust by volume consists of igneous rocks, making it the most plentiful category. Of these, 66% are basalts and gabbros, 16% are granite, and 17% granodiorites and diorites. Only 0.6% are syenites and 0.3% peridotites and dunites. The oceanic crust is 99% basalt, which is an igneous rock of mafic composition. Granites and similar rocks, known as meta-granitoids,

depth), with felsic composition (rich in silica and predominately quartz plus potassium-rich feldspar plus sodium-rich plagioclase) and phaneritic, subeuhedral texture (minerals are visible to the unaided eye and commonly some of them retain original crystallographic shapes). The Earth's crust averages about 35 kilometers thick under the continents, but averages only some 7–10 kilometers beneath the oceans. The continental crust is composed primarily of sedimentary rocks resting on a crystalline ""basement"" formed of a great variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks, including granulite and granite. Oceanic crust is composed primarily of basalt and gabbro. Both continental and oceanic crust rest on

ranges consist of intrusive igneous rocks, usually granite. When exposed by erosion, these cores (called ""batholiths"") may occupy huge areas of the Earth's surface. Intrusive igneous rocks that form at depth within the crust are termed plutonic (or ""abyssal"") rocks and are usually coarse-grained. Intrusive igneous rocks that form near the surface are termed ""subvolcanic"" or ""hypabyssal"" rocks and they are usually medium-grained. Hypabyssal rocks are less common than plutonic or volcanic rocks and often form dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, or phacoliths. Extrusive igneous rocks, also known as volcanic rocks, are formed at the crust's surface as a result of

a solution. The particulate matter then undergoes compaction and cementation at moderate temperatures and pressures (diagenesis). Before being deposited, sediments are formed by weathering of earlier rocks by erosion in a source area and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers (agents of denudation). Mud rocks comprise 65% (mudstone, shale and siltstone); sandstones 20 to 25% and carbonate rocks 10 to 15% (limestone and dolostone). About 7.9% of the crust by volume is composed of sedimentary rocks, with 82% of those being shales, while the remainder consists of limestone (6%), sandstone and

"Volcanic rock"
strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface. Volcanic rocks are usually fine-grained or aphanitic to glass in texture. They often contain clasts of other rocks and phenocrysts. Phenocrysts are crystals that are larger than the matrix and are identifiable with the unaided eye. Rhomb porphyry is an example with large rhomb shaped phenocrysts embedded in a very fine

easily than does the upper mantle (chemical changes within the mantle may also be important). The viscosity of the mantle ranges between 10 and 10 Pa·s, depending on depth. In comparison, the viscosity of water is approximately 10 Pa·s and that of pitch is 10 Pa·s. The source of heat that drives plate tectonics is the primordial heat left over from the planet’s formation as well as the radioactive decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium in Earth’s crust and mantle. The average density of Earth is . Because the average density of surface material is only around , we must

strong name. A sickly and homeless Novalee is forced to live in the Walmart, undetected. Novalee is also acquainted with surly librarian Forney Hull (James Frain) who looks after his alcoholic sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). During a thunderstorm Novalee, alone at Walmart, goes into labor. Forney, who is now in awe of Novalee, smashes through the Walmart window to help deliver her child whom she names Americus. Novalee instantly becomes a media darling, and in hospital is befriended by Nurse Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd). Her estranged mother Mama Lil (Sally Field), visits after seeing her daughter on television, but

"Where the Heart Is (novel)"
Novalee one night that she walked in on Roger abusing her son Brownie and oldest daughter Praline. She attacked him and he fought back and ran away. She chastises herself for being a stupid woman who couldn't see past Roger's looks and his fancy car while Novalee comforts her. Forney's sister Mary Elizabeth dies and Novalee goes to visit him and offer her support. They end up making love before Forney has to leave to go to Maine to bury his sister. Lexi meanwhile befriends Brownie's soccer coach, Ernie, who isn't typically the type of man who catches Lexi's interest

to get any gigs. Novalee is seen struggling with her feelings for Forney after Lexi points out that Forney has been in love with Novalee for a long time. Novalee believes that Forney deserves someone better than her since it always intimidated her that Forney came from a well-known rich family. One day she receives a weird phone call from Lexi's oldest son Brownie and immediately rushes over to her apartment. She finds all of the children in distress and Lexi extremely injured. While Lexi is recovering, Novalee moves her and her five kids to her house. Lexi confesses to

small Oklahoma town. She secretly moves into the store, where she eventually gives birth to her baby, which attracts media attention. With the help of friends, she makes a new life for herself in the town. After 17-year-old and seven months pregnant Novalee Nation (Natalie Portman) is abandoned by boyfriend Willy Jack Pickens (Dylan Bruno) at the local Walmart in Sequoyah when she uses the restroom and buys new shoes, she meets Thelma ""Sister"" Husband (Stockard Channing) who presents her with a buckeye tree, and Moses Whitecotton (Keith David), a local photographer who advises her to give her baby a

from a well-bred family but had to drop out of college to take care of his alcoholic sister. He appears ""crazy"" and shouts facts he has read from books at Novalee. Novalee takes a walk to Sister Husband's home, who had told Novalee in Walmart she was welcome to visit her house any time, to ask Sister Husband if she could plant her buckeye on her property. As the weeks pass, Novalee becomes good friends with Forney, Sister Husband and her companion Mr. Sprock. Novalee is forced to have her baby in the Wal-Mart, but Forney breaks a window and

disappears with the money donated by well-wishers. Sister Husband arrives and offers to take in Novalee and Americus. Three years later, Novalee becomes a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed. In her memory, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still-standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, Novalee finds out that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land. Meanwhile, after a spell in prison and travelling to Nashville, Willy

Where the Heart Is (2000 film) Where the Heart Is is a 2000 American romantic drama film directed by Matt Williams in his film directing debut. The film stars Natalie Portman, Stockard Channing, Ashley Judd, and Joan Cusack with supporting roles performed by James Frain, Dylan Bruno, Keith David, and Sally Field. The screenplay, written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel, is based on the best-selling 1995 novel of the same name by Billie Letts. The film follows five years in the life of Novalee Nation, a pregnant 17-year-old, who is abandoned by her boyfriend at a Walmart in a

"Wedge (footwear)"
Wedge (footwear) Wedge boots, wedgies, or lifties are shoes and boots with a sole in the form of a wedge, such that one piece of material, normally rubber, serves as both the sole and the heel. This design dates back to ancient Greece. Wedgies for women are more common and often have a sole that is much thicker at the back than at the front, making them high-heeled boots or shoes. Wedgies for women were popularized by Salvatore Ferragamo, who introduced the design to the Italian market in the late 1930s. Men's wedge boots, usually called ""wedgies,"" typically have low

"Toe socks"
Russell (also known as Ethel Wynhym) of Pennsylvania. On June 14, 1969, she filed a copyright with the United States Copyright Office for two drawings of footwear which she termed, ""mitten toe socks"" and ""glove socks"". She was unable to maintain the exclusive rights for their manufacture, however, because copyright law of the United States does not afford this protection – patent law does. Toe socks became popular in the United States during the 1970s and made a comeback in the 1990s as a novelty item worn by adolescents. During the 1970s, it was fashionable for girls to wear clogs

"Adidas Yeezy"
Adidas and Kanye West collaboration. In February 2015 the collaboration officially debuted. ""Yeezy Season 1"" had been highly anticipated and celebrities such as Rihanna, Diddy, and Kim Kardashian were at the showing. ""Yeezy Season 1"" officially released on October 29, 2015. This collection was noted for its stripped down, ready-to-wear style, which drew on military clothing and flesh-toned colors. Prices ranged from $600 sweatpants to $3,000 jackets. Although, the footwear sold out quickly, the apparel collection did not. West revealed in a 2018 interview that he was in talks with Louis Vuitton for a $30 million apparel deal. The deal

"Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)"
Refrigerator car 1868 Paper bag 1868 Tape measure 1869 Vibrator 1869 American football 1869 Pipe wrench 1869 Clothes hanger 1870 Bee smoker 1870 Can opener (rotary) 1870 Sandblasting 1870 Feather duster 1871 Rowing machine 1872 Railway air brake 1872 Diner 1873 Earmuffs 1873 Silo 1873 Jeans Jeans are trousers generally made from denim. Jeans became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s which remains as a distinct icon of American fashion. In 1873, Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis co-invented and co-patented the idea of using copper rivets at the stress points of sturdy work pants. After one of Davis' customers

"High-heeled shoe"
standard for most horse-back riding shoes throughout history and even into the present day. Later, in the 12th century, in India, heels become visible again. The image of a statue from the Ramappa Temple proves this, showing an Indian woman's foot clad in a raised shoe. Then, during the Medieval period, both men and women wore platform shoes in order to raise themselves out of the trash and excrement filled streets. In 1430, ""chopines"" were high, at times. Venetian law then limited the height to three inches—but this regulation was widely ignored. A 17th-century law in Massachusetts announced that women

Stetson
South Africa and West Germany. Stetson changed its business strategy in the early 1970s, closing its Philadelphia factory in 1971 and continuing in the hat business through licensing arrangements with a number of manufacturers. Popular demand for western style hats spiked during the 1980s after the success of Indiana Jones and Urban Cowboy movies. Both Western and Dress hats continue to be important men’s accessories. In the 1980s Stetson began to diversify, releasing the first Stetson cologne in 1981 and Lady Stetson in 1986. Luggage, handbags, umbrellas and scarves also carried the Stetson mark. Today, Stetson is available in the

Galoshes
transition from a traditional wooden sole to one of vulcanized rubber may be attributed to Charles Goodyear and Leverett Candee. The qualities of rubber, though fascinating to Goodyear, were highly dependent on temperature: it was tacky when hot, brittle when cold. Vulcanization of rubber tempered its properties so that it was easily molded, durable, and tough. A rubberized elastic webbing made Goodyear's galoshes (circa 1890) easy to pull on and off. Galoshes are now almost universally made of rubber. In the bootmakers' trade, a ""galosh"" is the piece of leather, of a make stronger than, or different from, that of

"Hush Puppies"
shoe stores. In the fall of 1995, fashion designers John Bartlett, Anna Sui, and Joel Fitzpatrick began featuring them in their collections. Depending on word of mouth, Wolverine sold 430,000 pairs of the shoes, and four times that the following year. Hush Puppies won the prize for best accessory at the Council of Fashion Designers awards dinner in 1996. Wolverine company history details this as (from 1994): 'Taking a cue from fashion designer John Bartlett, men's footwear General Manager Owen S. Baxter revived 1950s-era styles such as the ""Wayne"" (née Duke) oxford and ""Earl"" slip-on, offering the waterproof suede shoes

Bell-bottoms
are still referred to as ""bell-bottomed"", they simply have large straight legs. The wearer's thigh fills the upper trouser leg, making the bottom of the pants leg appear flared. This style has been popular for many years, perhaps originally because the trouser leg can be rolled up easily, allowing the wearer to work in bare feet, but there is no reliable documentation that confirms a specific timeline or reason for the popularity of bell-bottomed trousers in naval apparel. In the 1960s, bell-bottoms became fashionable for both men and women in Europe and North America. Often made of denim, they flared

"Slip-on shoe"
theory is that two pennies could be slipped into the slit, enough money to make an emergency phone call in the 1930s. Either way, the name ""penny loafer"" came to be applied to this style of slip-on and has since stuck. The practice continues, especially among those who remain committed to a classic and refined but still scholarly appearance, such as lawyers. In the mid-1950s, further continental influences brought a more elegant image to light, lower-cut slip-ons, which moved from purely casual use to being paired with suits in the 1960s (but still only in America). In 1966, Italian designer

be drained and filled with earth. The work began in 1843 and was mostly complete two years later. The construction of the Waterloo Barracks in the inner ward began in 1845, when the Duke of Wellington laid the foundation stone. The building could accommodate 1,000 men; at the same time, separate quarters for the officers were built to the north-east of the White Tower. The building is now the headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. The popularity of the Chartist movement between 1828 and 1858 led to a desire to refortify the Tower of London in the event of

"Victoria Tower"
for the project and also the interior design. The first stone of the Tower was laid by Queen Victoria on 22 December 1843, and construction was completed in 1860. The tower was originally named ""The King's Tower"" because the fire of 1834 which destroyed the old Palace of Westminster occurred during the reign of King William IV. The Victoria Tower incorporates a cast-iron framework which, rather than the visible stonework, provides the main strength supporting the structure. When the wrought-iron flagstaff was erected, the tower became the tallest square tower in the world, at to the base of the flagstaff,

fire in 1841. The Waterloo Block, a former barracks in the castellated Gothic Revival style with Domestic Tudor details, was built on the site and remains to this day, housing the Crown Jewels on the ground floor. A third ward was created during Edward I's extension to the Tower, as the narrow enclosure completely surrounded the castle. At the same time a bastion known as Legge's Mount was built at the castle's north-west corner. Brass Mount, the bastion in the north-east corner, was a later addition. The three rectangular towers along the east wall apart were dismantled in 1843. Although

"The Tower House"
July 1875 and the final form was decided upon by the end of the year. Building began in 1876, contracted to the Ashby Brothers of Kingsland Road at a cost of £6,000. At the Tower House Burges drew on his own ""experience of twenty years learning, travelling and building"", and used many of the artists and craftsmen who had worked with him on earlier buildings. An estimate book compiled by him, and now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, contains the names of the individuals and companies that worked at the house. Thomas Nicholls was responsible for the stone carving,

built into the curtain wall between Bell and Salt Towers. During the Tudor period, a range of buildings for the storage of munitions was built along the inside of the north inner ward. The castle buildings were remodelled during the Stuart period, mostly under the auspices of the Office of Ordnance. In 1663 just over £4,000 was spent building a new storehouse (now known as the New Armouries) in the inner ward. Construction of the Grand Storehouse north of the White Tower began in 1688, on the same site as the dilapidated Tudor range of storehouses; it was destroyed by

"High Court of Justice"
addressed as 'Judge' in court. Justices of the High Court, Insolvency and Companies Court Judges and Masters are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of Judicial Appointments Commission, from qualified lawyers. The Lord Chancellor, and all government ministers, are statutorily required to ""uphold the continued independence of the judiciary"", and both Houses of Parliament have Standing Orders to similar effect. High Court Justices may be removed before their statutory retirement age only by a procedure requiring the approval of both Houses of Parliament. In addition to full High Court justices, other qualified persons such as retired judges, Circuit Judges

"Indian High Courts Act 1861"
Act was passed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and consolidated the parallel legal system of the Crown and the East India Company. The Act abolished the Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay; the Sadar Diwani Adalat and the Sadar Nizamat Adalat at Calcutta; Sadar Adalat and Faujdari Adalat at Madras; Sadar Diwani Adalat and Faujdari Adalat at Bombay (§8). Each High Court could consist of a chief justice and up to 15 judges. Under §3 of the Act, judges could be selected from barristers (with 5 years of experience), civil servants (with 10 years of experience including 3

Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions. As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles

one High Court at Guwahati which serves Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. Composition: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Appointment of the Judges: The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court. Qualifications for the Judges (a) He should be a citizen of India. (b)

"Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom"
Session) for at least two years, or have held rights of audience at the higher courts of England, Scotland or Northern Ireland for at least fifteen years. This means it is not necessary for someone applying to become a judge of the Supreme Court to have previous judicial experience (allowing Jonathan Sumption QC, a leading barrister, to successfully apply for the role in 2011). Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by The Queen by the issue of letters patent, on the advice of the Prime Minister, to whom a name is recommended by a special selection commission. The Prime

are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal. The High Court of Justice grants relief through orders such as injunction, mandamus and Habeas Corpus, as well as through declaratory judgments. The Supreme Court can also sit at a further hearing on its own judgment. In a matter on which the Supreme Court has ruled - whether as a court of appeals or as the High Court of Justice - with a panel of three or more justices, it may rule at a further hearing with a panel of a larger number of justices. A further hearing may be

Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom include the President, the Deputy President, and Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court is the highest in the whole of the United Kingdom for civil matters, and for criminal matters from the United Kingdom jurisdictions of England and Wales and Northern Ireland. Judges are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who receives recommendations from a selection commission. The number of judges is set by s.23(2) Constitutional Reform Act 2005, which

disputes between various governments in the country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the constitution by President of India. It also may take cognisance of matters on its own (or ""suo moto""), without anyone drawing its attention to them. The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments. Per , it is the duty of the president to enforce the decrees of the supreme court. In 1861 the Indian High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create high

a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India. Article 125 of the Indian constitution leaves it to the Indian parliament to determine the salary, other allowances, leave of absence, pension, etc. of the supreme court judges. However, the parliament cannot alter any of these privileges and rights to the judge's disadvantage after his/her appointment. A judge of the supreme court draws a salary of per month—equivalent to the most-senior civil servant of the Indian government, Cabinet Secretary of India—while the chief justice earns per month. As Per Article 124 and third Schedule of the constitution, the

"High Court judge (England and Wales)"
would be referred to as ""Bloggs J"". When two or more judges are listed the letters 'JJ' are used; for example, ""Bloggs, Smith and Jones JJ"". High Court judges are appointed by The Queen on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. Under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 the Judicial Appointments Commission has removed the appointment of judges from the overtly political arena. High Court judges, as with other judges, are appointed on open competition. High Court judges, as with all judges in England and Wales, hold office during good behaviour; this is laid down in the Bill of Rights 1689.

the radiographic term used to describe the dense bone of the socket and septal crest is

"Temporomandibular joint dysfunction"
temporomandibular joints are the dual articulation of the mandible with the skull. Each TMJ is classed as a ""ginglymoarthrodial"" joint since it is both a ginglymus (hinging joint) and an arthrodial (sliding) joint, and involves the condylar process of the mandible below, and the articular fossa (or glenoid fossa) of the temporal bone above. Between these articular surfaces is the articular disc (or meniscus), which is a biconcave, transversely oval disc composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. Each TMJ is covered by a fibrous capsule. There are tight fibers connecting the mandible to the disc, and loose fibers which connect

Metaphysis
Metaphysis The metaphysis is the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood, and as it grows it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses. The metaphysis may be divided anatomically into three components based on tissue content: a cartilaginous component (epiphyseal plate), a bony component (metaphysis) and a fibrous component surrounding the periphery of the plate. The growth plate synchronizes chondrogenesis with osteogenesis or interstitial cartilage growth with appositional bone growth at the same that it is growing in width, bearing

"Petrosquamous suture"
to prevent bleeding in certain types of otolaryngological surgeries. Some authors have theorized that a persistent venous sinus reflects an arrest in embryologic development. Petrosquamous suture The petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. It forms the Koerner's septum. The petrous portion forms the medial component of the osseous margin, while the squama forms the lateral component. The anterolateral portion (squama) arises from the mesenchyme at 8 weeks of embryogenesis while the petromastoid portion develops later from a cartilaginous center at 6 months of fetal development. In certain people, it

"Zygomatic bone"
the temporal fascia is attached to it. The ""postero-inferior"" or ""zygomatic border"" affords attachment by its rough edge to the masseter. The zygomatic bone articulates with the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, and paired temporal bones, and maxillary bones. The zygomatic bone is generally described as ossifying from three centers—one for the malar and two for the orbital portion; these appear about the eighth week and fuse about the fifth month of fetal life. Mall describes it as being ossified from one center which appears just beneath and to the lateral side of the orbit. After birth, the bone is sometimes

Petrosquamous suture The petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. It forms the Koerner's septum. The petrous portion forms the medial component of the osseous margin, while the squama forms the lateral component. The anterolateral portion (squama) arises from the mesenchyme at 8 weeks of embryogenesis while the petromastoid portion develops later from a cartilaginous center at 6 months of fetal development. In certain people, it can contain an emissary vein, referred to as the ""petrosquamosal sinus"". Being aware of this anatomic variant with preoperative CT scanning can be important

"Mandibular symphysis"
Mandibular symphysis In human anatomy, the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis (Latin: symphysis menti) or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse at an early period of life. It is not a true symphysis as there is no cartilage between the two sides of the mandible. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form

"Ossification center"
bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in

"Lambdoid suture"
Lambdoid suture The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture. Its name comes from its uppercase lambda-like shape. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. If certain bones of the skull grow too fast, then craniosynostosis (premature closure of the sutures) may occur. This can result in skull deformities. If the lambdoid suture closes too soon on one side, the skull will appear twisted and asymmetrical, a condition called

bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, non-ossifying fibroma, and osteoid osteoma. One of the clinical signs of rickets that doctors look for is cupping and fraying at the metaphyses when seen on X-ray. Metaphysis The metaphysis is the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood, and as it grows it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses. The metaphysis may be divided anatomically into three components based on tissue content: a cartilaginous component (epiphyseal plate), a bony component (metaphysis) and a fibrous

long bones and other bones. This requires a hyaline cartilage precursor. There are two centers of ossification for endochondral ossification. The primary center In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form trebeculae. Cartilage is progressively eroded and replaced by hardened bone, extending towards the epiphysis. A perichondrium layer surrounding the cartilage forms the periosteum, which generates osteogenic cells that then go on to make a collar that encircles the outside of the bone and remodels the medullary cavity on the inside. The nutrient artery enters via the nutrient foramen from a

"Secretary of State for Northern Ireland"
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, informally known as the Northern Ireland Secretary (), is the principal secretary of state in Her Majesty's Government with responsibilities for Northern Ireland. The Secretary of State is a Minister of the Crown who is accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is the chief minister in the Northern Ireland Office. As with other ministers, the position is appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The position is normally described simply as 'the Secretary of State' by residents

Members of Parliament from the Conservative Party and Labour Party. As Labour has not fielded candidates in Northern Ireland and the Conservatives have not had candidates elected to Northern Ireland Assembly or for House of Commons seats in the province, those appointed as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland have not represented a constituency in Northern Ireland. This contrasts with the Secretary of State for Scotland and the Secretary of State for Wales. The Secretary of State resides in Hillsborough Castle, which was previously the official residence of the Governor of Northern Ireland, and remains the royal residence of the

"Secretary of State for Wales and Northern Ireland"
Secretary of State for Wales and Northern Ireland The title Secretary of State for Wales and Northern Ireland was informally used to describe UK Government Minister The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP, between 6 May 2005 and 27 June 2007, when he held the dual positions of Secretary of State for Wales and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. However, the two positions remained legally separate despite the perception of a combined office. During the latter part of the Blair Ministry and the first year of the Brown Ministry (covering the period 2003-2008), it was common for the Prime Minister

"Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs"
with foreign countries, matters pertaining to the Commonwealth of Nations and the Overseas Territories in addition to the promotion of British interests abroad. The Foreign Secretary also has ministerial oversight for the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). The Foreign Secretary works out of the Foreign Office in Whitehall, and the post's official residences are 1 Carlton Gardens in London and Chevening in Kent. Margaret Beckett, appointed in 2006 by Tony Blair, is the only woman to have held the post. The current Foreign Secretary is Jeremy Hunt, following Boris Johnson's resignation on 9 July 2018.

"Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland"
Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland The Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland is a member of the British Shadow Cabinet responsible for the scrutiny of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and their department, the Northern Ireland Office. The post is currently held by Tony Lloyd, following the dismissal of Owen Smith by leader Jeremy Corbyn. The holder is assisted by junior shadow ministers in the Commons and in the Lords. Until recently there had been a 'bi-partisan' attitude to Northern Ireland affairs in the House of Commons but the role is influenced by the relationship

periods, in addition to administration of the region, the Secretary of State was also heavily involved in the negotiations with all parties to restore devolved government. Power was again devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007. The Secretary of State retained responsibility for policing and justice until most of those powers were devolved on 12 April 2010. Colour key Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, informally known as the Northern Ireland Secretary (), is the principal secretary of state in Her Majesty's Government with responsibilities for Northern Ireland.

of Northern Ireland. Formerly holding a large portfolio over home affairs in Northern Ireland, the current devolution settlement has lessened the Secretary of State's role, granting many of the former powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly and Northern Ireland Executive. The Secretary of State is now generally limited to representing Northern Ireland in the UK cabinet, overseeing the operation of the devolved administration and a number of reserved and excepted matters which remain the sole competence of the UK Government e.g. security, human rights, certain public inquiries and the administration of elections. Created in 1972, the position has switched between

Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) in the Cameron Ministry have held office without other Cabinet posts. Secretary of State for Wales and Northern Ireland The title Secretary of State for Wales and Northern Ireland was informally used to describe UK Government Minister The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP, between 6 May 2005 and 27 June 2007, when he held the dual positions of Secretary of State for Wales and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. However, the two positions remained legally separate despite the perception of a combined office. During the latter part of the Blair Ministry and the first

Monarch in Northern Ireland. The Secretary of State exercises their duties through, and is administratively supported by, the Northern Ireland Office. Historically, the principal ministers for Irish (and subsequently Northern Ireland) affairs in the UK Government and its predecessors were: In August 1969, for example, Home Secretary James Callaghan approved the sending of British Army soldiers to Northern Ireland. Scotland and Wales were represented by the Secretary of State for Scotland and Secretary of State for Wales from 1885 and 1965 respectively but Northern Ireland remained separate, due to the devolved Northern Ireland Government and Northern Ireland Parliament. The office

Ireland Executive, from 1 January 1974, which was ended by the loyalist Ulster Workers' Council strike on 28 May 1974. The strikers opposed the power-sharing and all-Ireland aspects of the new administration. The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975–1976) and Northern Ireland Assembly (1982–1986) were unsuccessful in restoring devolved government. After the Anglo-Irish Agreement on 15 November 1985, the UK Government and Irish Government co-operated more closely on security and political matters. Following the Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement) on 10 April 1998, devolution returned to Northern Ireland on 2 December 1999. This removed many of the

Radio-Television Award despite his well-known association with ""Monday Night Football"". An August 2010 ""Sports Illustrated"" article hints that Cosell may have even been ""blacklisted"" by the NFL. As the late 2010s approached, a number of controversial and polarizing figures began to reach eligibility for the Hall. Terrell Owens's exclusion from the Hall in his first two years of eligibility despite his strong individual statistics was a subject of public debate. Owens was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2018 but refused to attend the enshrinement ceremony. Pro Football Hall of Fame The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the

"Pro Football Hall of Fame Game"
of the American Football League, the game paired two AFC teams who were part of the ""original eight"" franchises of the AFL, the Tennessee Titans (dressed as their previous incarnation, the Houston Oilers) and the Buffalo Bills, whose owner, Ralph Wilson, was inducted into the Hall that year. An all-NFC matchup was scheduled for 2011, but it was canceled due to the 2011 NFL lockout; the following year, another intra-conference matchup of two NFC teams took its place. From 2011 onward, each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the

eligibility, despite being statistically ranked near the top of every receiving category in the history of the NFL. Commentators attributed Owens' exclusion to his issues off the field. In 2018, Owens was voted into the Hall of Fame. He subsequently caused controversy in his induction by skipping the official celebration in Canton, Ohio, and instead choosing to host his own celebration in McKenzie Arena on the campus of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, his alma mater. He is the only inductee of the hall to skip his induction and instead host a separate induction ceremony. During his playing career,

"Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award"
of the 2017 season, has a patch on their uniforms. The current active winners are: Drew Brees, Thomas Davis, Larry Fitzgerald, Eli Manning, and J.J. Watt. The nominees of each team are given a helmet decal to wear for the remainder of the season. ! width=""50""|Year!! width=""200""|Player !! width=""200""|Position !!width=""300|Team ! class=""unsortable""|Ref Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award The Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year award is presented annually by the National Football League (NFL) honoring a player's volunteer and charity work, as well as his excellence on the field. Prior to 1999, it was called simply

"The Lunar Chronicles"
stop the tyranny of Queen Levana and her thaumaturge, Sybil. ""Cress"" is the third book in ""The Lunar Chronicles"" and fourth chronologically. It was published on February 4, 2014. Crescent Moon, or ""Cress"" Darnel (based on Rapunzel), is an imprisoned shell (a Lunar without special abilities) working with Sybil to help Lunar ships. Living alone on a satellite and harboring an enormous crush on Carswell Thorne, she secretly works to sabotage the wicked Lunar queen, and eventually Cress teams up with Cinder and becomes entangled in her plot to save Earth. As complications arise and the crew is separated, they

must do everything they can to prevent a royal wedding from putting Earth into Queen Levana's hands. And all the while, the plague has begun to mutate and even the Lunars are not safe. ""Fairest"" is the fourth book in ""The Lunar Chronicles"" and first chronologically. It was published on January 27, 2015. Fairest is a prequel to the other books in the series, telling the backstory and past of Queen Levana (based on the Evil Queen from Snow White). ""Fairest"" begins when Levana is around 15 years old and covers about ten years of her life, ending about a

decade before ""Cinder"" is set. Levana has grown up in a poisonous household and has a cruel older sister who has been mentally and physically abusive to her throughout her entire life. After her parents are murdered by a Lunar assassin (a Shell), Levana's sister, Channary, is set to become queen. Channary's reign is short-lived, and with Channary's ascension, Levana begins an unexpected downward spiral to becoming heartless when it comes to anything but her people. ""Winter"" is the fifth book in ""The Lunar Chronicles"" and fifth chronologically. It was published on November 10, 2015. Winter (based on Snow White)

The Lunar Chronicles The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer. Each book entails a new take on an old fairy tale, including Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel and Snow White. The story takes place in a futuristic world where earthens, cyborgs, androids, and a race of moon colonists all coexist. ""Cinder"" is the first book in ""The Lunar Chronicles"" and second chronologically. It was published on January 3, 2012. Linh Cinder (based on Cinderella), a cyborg living with her step mother and her two stepsisters, works as a mechanic

was published on February 3, 2013. Scarlet Benoit (based on Little Red Riding Hood) is the granddaughter of Michelle Benoit, a farmer and former military pilot who has suddenly disappeared. On Scarlet's journey to find her grandmother, she works hesitantly with a street fighter named Wolf. Unfortunately, as Scarlet's trust for Wolf grows, his old lunar gang puts them in unusual circumstances, testing Wolf's loyalties. Deeper connections surface as the gang's malicious intent is finally exposed. Simultaneously, Cinder joins forces with the convict, Carswell Thorne. As the search continues, Scarlet meets Cinder and becomes an ally in her plan to

in a booth at the market place, where she meets Prince Kai, who requests that she fix his personal android. After Cinder's stepsister, Peony, comes into contact with the plague, Cinder is forcibly volunteered for cure testing. As a result, many previously unknown things regarding Cinder's origins surface. At the same time, tensions between Earth and Luna, a lunar colony where most of the citizens have special abilities, are rising with Prince Kai caught in the middle of that and his and Cinder's ever unusual love story. ""Scarlet"" is the second book in ""The Lunar Chronicles"" and third chronologically. It

"Brilliance of the Moon"
Brilliance of the Moon Brilliance of the Moon is the third novel in Lian Hearn's popular Tales of the Otori trilogy, published in 2004. It describes the events during the months following Takeo and Kaede's marriage at the end of the second book, ""Grass for His Pillow"", leading to Takeo's confrontation with the warlord Arai Daiichi. A period of about 8 months is covered, from Spring to the onset of Winter. Soon after Kaede and Takeo's marriage, messengers arrive at Terayama from his Uncles with a threat, and the head of Ichiro, his old teacher. The Otori army lies in

in the world of ""The Lunar Chronicles"". Set after the events of the ""Lunar Chronicles"" but before the ""Stars Above"" epilogue, it features many of the same characters, with Iko as the main protagonist. The first book, ""Wires and Nerve, Volume 1"", illustrated by Douglas Holgate, was released on January 31, 2017. The second book, ""Wires and Nerve, Volume 2"", illustrated by Stephen Gilpin, was released on January 30, 2018. The Lunar Chronicles The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer. Each book entails a new take on an old fairy

"Marissa Meyer"
Marissa Meyer Marissa Meyer (born February 19, 1984) is an American novelist. Her debut novel, ""Cinder,"" was released on January 3, 2012. It is the first in her series ""The Lunar Chronicles"". Meyer was born in Tacoma, Washington, United States and attended Pacific Lutheran University, where she received a degree in creative writing. Before writing ""Cinder"", Meyer worked as a book editor for five years and wrote ""Sailor Moon"" fan fiction under the pen name of Alicia Blade. In an interview with ""The News-Tribune"", she said that doing the fan fiction helped her learn the craft of writing, gave her

of the Heron"". Takeo is co-ruler of the Three Countries with Kaede, and they have three daughters. He has not told Kaede of his son by Yuki, and knows if his destiny is to die at his hands, he cannot avoid it. Brilliance of the Moon Brilliance of the Moon is the third novel in Lian Hearn's popular Tales of the Otori trilogy, published in 2004. It describes the events during the months following Takeo and Kaede's marriage at the end of the second book, ""Grass for His Pillow"", leading to Takeo's confrontation with the warlord Arai Daiichi. A period

"Simon Helberg"
Simon Helberg Simon Maxwell Helberg (born December 9, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, and musician. He is best known for his role as Howard Wolowitz in the sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" (2007–present), for which he won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, and as Cosmé McMoon in the film ""Florence Foster Jenkins"" (2016), which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture. Helberg has appeared on the sketch comedy series ""MADtv"" and is also known for his role as Moist in Joss Whedon's web

"Alice Amter"
Alice Amter Alice Amter (born 11 May 1966 in Birmingham) is an English actress, best known for her character Mrs. Koothrappali in the American sitcom ""The Big Bang Theory"" and Dr. Kapoor on Hot in Cleveland. Born Alice Edwards, she grew up in Handsworth before moving to Edgbaston, Leamington Spa and Rubery. Whilst living in Leamington Spa she spent time in a children's home on Warwick New Road. Her single German mother later cared for her. Amter attended Milverton Junior and Infant School and she received a Bachelor of Arts in Modern Languages and International Relations from Wolverhampton University. She

"Beth Ostrosky Stern"
Beth Ostrosky Stern Beth Ostrosky Stern (born July 15, 1972) is an American actress, author, model, and animal rights activist. She is the wife of radio personality Howard Stern. Ostrosky was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her mother, Judy (née Jarema), is a former model and devout Catholic, and her father, Robert Ostrosky, is a dentist. Ostrosky was raised Roman Catholic. She has two brothers. She attended Fox Chapel High School in suburban Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania, and went on to study English Literature at the University of Pittsburgh where she was a member of the Delta Delta Delta sorority. Ostrosky worked

"Mary Frann"
Mary Frann Mary Frann (born Mary Frances Luecke, February 27, 1943 – September 23, 1998) was an American stage, film and television actress. Frann is best known for her role as Bob Newhart's wife, Joanna Loudon, on the CBS sitcom ""Newhart"", which aired from 1982 to 1990. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Frann was a child model and appeared in commercials for a local television station while she attended Nerinx Hall High School. At the age of 18, she was voted Missouri's ""Junior Miss"". She went on to win the 1961 national title of America's Junior Miss and earned a

was in a long-term relationship with Cookman. Frann was active as a volunteer fund-raiser and was involved with charitable works. She was a member of the Celebrity Action Council, a volunteer group of celebrity women who served the women's outreach of the Los Angeles Mission, for seven years. The night before her death, she had attended a meeting at the Mission. Mary Frann Mary Frann (born Mary Frances Luecke, February 27, 1943 – September 23, 1998) was an American stage, film and television actress. Frann is best known for her role as Bob Newhart's wife, Joanna Loudon, on the CBS

"Martha Scott"
several guest appearances on ""Robert Montgomery Presents"" and other shows of television's ""golden age"", including two episodes of ""Alfred Hitchcock Presents"". This pattern of guest roles continued through the 1960s with appearances on ""Route 66"", ""Ironside"", and ""The Courtship of Eddie's Father"" among others. In the mid-1950s, Scott was the narrator for ""Modern Romances"", an afternoon program on NBC-TV. Scott was also a frequent TV guest star in the 1970s. She had recurring roles as Bob Newhart's mother on ""The Bob Newhart Show"", the mother of Colonel Steve Austin (Lee Majors) on both ""The Six Million Dollar Man"" and ""The

Minibike
height. They started off with 47cc 2 stroke engines (capable of around 48–64 km/h/30-40 mph) in the midi motos and then included 110cc 4 stroke engines (capable of around 86–105 km/h/55-65 mph). Most midi bikes are made in China and usually equipped with a Honda engine or copy of a Honda engine. In Canada mini motorcycles, commonly referred to as “pocket bikes” or ""mini choppers,” do not meet federal safety standards for use on public roads. These vehicles do not meet minimum height specifications for headlamps, tail lamps, stop lamps, and turn signals. They are also difficult for other motorists

Minibike
require it. Depending on if the state classes a pocketbike as a ""moped"" or full ""motorcycle"", the rider may or may not need a special motorcycle license. If not, a regular driver's license may suffice. Minibikes are not toys, although often treated as such. Even the cheapest 38 cc US-made bikes (often sold for as little as $150) are capable of speeds of at least . The 49 cc pocket bikes can reach speeds of , and the 110–125 cc four-stroke bikes are capable of 60-80 mph. Gasoline-powered bikes are substantially faster and require more skill than off-the-shelf electric bikes,

Minibike
Minibike A minibike, sometimes called a minimoto or pocketbike, is a miniature motorcycle. Most minibikes use two-stroke engines and chain drive. The Doodle Bug scooter was a very compact, small-wheeled motorscooter built from 1946-’48 in Webster City, Iowa by the Beam Manufacturing Company. Sold by the Gambles store chain, a total of 40,000 of these were built—a small number with single-cylinder Clinton engines, and most with 1.5 hp Briggs & Stratton air-cooled, single-cylinder engines. They were marketed under the “Hiawatha” brand name. Complete Doodle Bugs were to be found here and there for decades thereafter and, as well, their frames

Minibike
not limited to: no indicator lights, no rearview mirror, no horn or signaling device, no headlight, too-small muffler (noise pollution), improper lane change (no blinkers), or reckless driving. Some of the larger ""super"" pocket bikes, most commonly the X15 (FS549), X18 (FS559), X19 (FS569), and X22 could meet all the requirements. However, they were imported and sold as ""off road use purposes only"". In some states, they could be registered for legal street use by converting an off-road purposes only bike into a road-worthy model. These bikes had headlights, turn signals, tail/brake lights, a horn, and speedometer, and could also

Minibike
minibikes have evolved into several specialized types. These look like sport bikes and are used in pocketbike racing on kart racing tracks. The usual height is less than , and up to length. Power usually comes from a two-stroke engine with a maximum of . Maximum speed varies between . Pocketbikes are also made in both four-stroke gasoline and electric versions. The four-stroke models are usually 110cc automatic or manual engines, and are referred to as Super Pocket Bikes. Common Super Pocket Bike models include the X7, X15, X18, X19, and X22. The popularity of these types of minibikes grew

Minibike
which typically can not exceed . The number of injuries caused by pocket bikes each year is unknown. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimates that 2,345 injured riders of pocket bikes and larger minibikes were treated in emergency rooms in 2003. There have also been numerous deaths in The USA and Canada. Minibike A minibike, sometimes called a minimoto or pocketbike, is a miniature motorcycle. Most minibikes use two-stroke engines and chain drive. The Doodle Bug scooter was a very compact, small-wheeled motorscooter built from 1946-’48 in Webster City, Iowa by the Beam Manufacturing Company. Sold by the Gambles

Minibike
do the speed limit in most scenarios (typically 4 stroke bikes with manual 4 speed transmissions can reach speeds of 55 mph). In many states all one needs to do is add a rearview mirror and a license plate bracket, but it is best to check with local DMV authorities for exact requirements. In some cases, if the bike requires minor modification to meet requirements, one may be able to register it as a ""unique/home-built."" Like full-size motorcycles, the rider of a modified super pocket bike must carry insurance, have a current inspection, and wear a helmet if local laws

Minibike
and other parts were not uncommon. However in the 1950s, like go-karts, minibikes were made by enthusiasts from spare parts found in their garages. These were first popularly used as ""pit bikes"", for drag racers to travel in the pits during races in the late 1950s. They were very useful for this purpose, as they could maneuver very well in the tight pit roads, fit in about the same space as a small bicycle in a trailer or pickup. As racers brought them home and used them around their neighborhoods, many children liked the idea of having a mini motorcycle

Minibus
Minibus A minibus, microbus, or minicoach is a passenger carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word ""minibus"" is used to describe any full-sized passenger carrying van. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 8 and 30 seats. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engined step-entrance vehicles, although low floor minibuses do exist. Minibuses are used for a variety of reasons. In a public transport role, they can be used as fixed route transit buses, airport

Minibus
as large passenger vans. Minibus A minibus, microbus, or minicoach is a passenger carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word ""minibus"" is used to describe any full-sized passenger carrying van. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 8 and 30 seats. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engined step-entrance vehicles, although low floor minibuses do exist. Minibuses are used for a variety of reasons. In a public transport role, they can be used as fixed

"Centre points of the United Kingdom"
sea Point farthest from high tide mark (including tidal rivers) Centre of a rectangle enclosing precisely all of England and Wales Centre of England For centuries the parish of Meriden to the west of Coventry has claimed to be the geographical centre of England, and there has been a stone cross there commemorating the claim for at least 500 years. The justification is that the point farthest from the sea is in the parish. Morton, Derbyshire also claims to be the centre of England as it is not only midway along England's longest north-south axis, but also midway between the

"John o' Groats"
John o' Groats John o' Groats () is a village NE of the village of Canisbay, Caithness, in the far north of Scotland. John o' Groats lies on Great Britain's northeastern tip, and is popular with tourists as one end of the longest distance between two inhabited British points on the mainland, with Land's End in Cornwall lying to the southwest. It is not the most northerly point on the island of Britain (nearby Dunnet Head is farther north). John o' Groats is from London, from Edinburgh, from the Orkney Isles and from the North Pole. It is from the

"Coton in the Elms"
Coton in the Elms Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire. At 70 miles (113 km) from the coast, it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896. It is located 5 miles southwest of Swadlincote and 6 miles south of Burton upon Trent. Less than a mile southeast of the village is Church Flatts Farm, which is defined by the Ordnance Survey as the furthest point from the sea in the UK. Coton is mentioned

Haroldswick
6 metres, then deepens considerably. The bay is located some north of the closest UK city, Inverness, in Scotland's Highland region and from London. Even Lerwick, the Shetland's capital and only town, is some to the south. However, Haroldswick's claim to be the northernmost settlement in the UK is surpassed by the tiny hamlet of Norwick-Skaw, situated to the north. The Methodist Church at Haroldswick is the northernmost church in Britain. For many years, Haroldswick Post Office was the most northerly in the UK and visitors could get a special postmark. Since the office's closure in 1999, this record is

"Geography of the United Kingdom"
Geography of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately , the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and many smaller surrounding islands. The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49°N and 59°N (the Shetland Islands reach to nearly 61°N), and longitudes 8°W to 2°E. The Royal Greenwich Observatory, in South East London, is the defining point of the Prime Meridian. The UK lies between the

"Great Britain"
or the ""Kingdom of Great Britain"". Great Britain lies on the European continental shelf, part of the Eurasian Plate. Situated off the north-west coast of continental Europe, it is separated from the mainland by the North Sea and by the English Channel, which narrows to at the Straits of Dover. It stretches over about ten degrees of latitude on its longer, north-south axis and occupies an area of , excluding the smaller surrounding islands. The North Channel, Irish Sea, St George's Channel and Celtic Sea separate the island from the island of Ireland to its west. The island is physically

"Edinburgh of the Seven Seas"
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the main settlement of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the South Atlantic Ocean. Locally, it is always referred to as The Settlement or The Village. Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is regarded as the most remote permanent settlement on Earth, being from the nearest other human settlement, on Saint Helena. The settlement was founded on the island of Tristan da Cunha in 1816 by a Sergeant Glass from the Borders of Scotland

in Wales; and Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire – all of which are away. The nearest high tide point is on the River Trent at Cromwell Lock, north of Newark-on-Trent, in Nottinghamshire, away. Coton in the Elms Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire. At 70 miles (113 km) from the coast, it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896. It is located 5 miles southwest of Swadlincote and 6 miles south of Burton upon Trent. Less

"Lizard Point, Cornwall"
crew members. Lizard Point, Cornwall Lizard Point () in Cornwall is at the southern tip of the Lizard Peninsula. It is situated half-a-mile (800 m) south of Lizard village in the civil parish of Landewednack and about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Helston. Lizard Point is the most southerly point on mainland Great Britain at 49° 57' 30"" N. With the exception of parts of the Isles of Scilly, it is the southernmost part of England. Lizard Point is for many ships the starting point of their ocean passage and a notorious shipping hazard. The Lizard Lighthouse is situated

"Ness Point"
nicknamed ""Gulliver"". It stands tall, generating energy for the National Grid. Ness Point Ness Point, also known as Lowestoft Ness, is the most easterly point of England, the United Kingdom and the British Isles. It is located in Lowestoft in the Waveney district of the county of Suffolk. The site is located to the north of the town centre and has a direction marker, known as Euroscope, marking locations in other countries and how far away they are from Ness Point. Ness point is the site for the Orbis Energy Centre, a renewable energy development centre. Also located at Ness

"Puente Hills Mall"
to close in September 2018. Puente Hills Mall served as a filming location for the fictional Twin Pines Mall (later Lone Pine Mall) in the 1985 film ""Back to the Future"". In the film, Doc Brown (Christopher Lloyd) uses the mall's south parking lot (visible in the above photograph) to stage his time travel experiments with the DeLorean time machine. A JCPenney store and Robinson's features prominently in the background. A Ross Dress for Less store can be seen in a strip mall across the street. The scenes were filmed in January 1985. According to the DVD audio commentary, screenplay

Puente Hills Mall Puente Hills Mall, located in the City of Industry, California, United States, is a major regional shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. It is most famous for serving as the filming site for the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall for the 1985 movie ""Back to the Future"" starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd. Puente Hills Mall was built in 1974 after the completion of the Pomona Freeway a few years earlier. It opened with four primary anchors in a cross-shaped design by The Hahn Company. One of the mall's original tenants

town look real beautiful and wonderful. Then we would just totally trash it down and make it all bleak and ugly for the 1980s scenes."" The interiors for Doc Brown's house were shot at the Robert R. Blacker House, while exteriors took place at Gamble House. The exterior shots of the Twin Pines Mall, and later the Lone Pine Mall (from 1985) were shot at the Puente Hills Mall in City of Industry, California. The exterior shots and some interior scenes at Hill Valley High School were filmed at Whittier High School in Whittier, California. The Battle of the Bands

roll, and suburban expansion, which flavored the story. In an early script, the time machine was a refrigerator, and Marty would need the power of an atomic explosion at the Nevada Test Site to return home. Zemeckis was concerned that children would accidentally lock themselves in refrigerators, and felt it was more useful if the time machine were mobile. The DeLorean DMC-12 was chosen because its design made the gag about the family of farmers mistaking it for a flying saucer believable. Zemeckis and Gale found it difficult to create a believable friendship between Marty and Brown before they created

on."" Zemeckis concurred, dubbing ""Back to the Future"" ""the film that would not wrap"". He recalled that because they shot night after night, he was always ""half asleep"" and the ""fattest, most out-of-shape and sick I ever was"". The Hill Valley town square scenes were shot at Courthouse Square, located in the Universal Studios backlot (). Gale explained it would have been impossible to shoot on location ""because no city is going to let a film crew remodel their town to look like it's in the 1950s."" The filmmakers ""decided to shoot all the 50s stuff first, and make the

"Back to the Future (franchise)"
Back to the Future (franchise) The ""Back to the Future"" franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California. The first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international

Back to the Future Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who accidentally travels back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents and becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett ""Doc"" Brown, inventor of the time-traveling DeLorean, who helps Marty repair history and return to 1985. Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale wondered whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school

tryout scene was filmed at the McCambridge Park Recreation Center in Burbank, and the ""Enchantment Under the Sea"" dance was filmed in the gymnasium at Hollywood United Methodist Church. The scenes outside of the Baines' house in 1955 were shot at Bushnell Avenue, South Pasadena, California. Filming wrapped after 100 days on April 20, 1985, and the film was delayed from May to August. But after a highly positive test screening (""I'd never seen a preview like that,"" said Frank Marshall, ""the audience went up to the ceiling""), Sheinberg chose to move the release date to July 3. To make

"Avondale Mall"
Avondale Mall Avondale Mall, originally known as ""Columbia Mall"", opened in 1964 as an enclosed mall in the state of Georgia, United States. The mall's original name came from its location at the intersection of Columbia & Memorial Drives near Avondale Estates. It was demolished in 2007. The mall's original anchors were Davison's and Sears. After Sears closed and before renovations began, some indoor and outdoor shopping mall scenes for the Chuck Norris movie ""Invasion USA"" were filmed here. The ""entry"" crash of the Chevy pickup into the mall was shot at the mall's main entrance. The scenes inside the

"Crossroads of the World"
Crossroads of the World Crossroads of the World has been called America's first outdoor shopping mall. Located on Sunset Boulevard and Las Palmas in Los Angeles, the mall features a central building designed to resemble an ocean liner surrounded by a small village of cottage-style bungalows. It was designed by Robert V. Derrah and built in 1936. Once a busy shopping center, the Crossroads now hosts private offices, primarily for the entertainment industry. It has been used for location shooting in many films, including ""L.A. Confidential"", ""The Adventures of Ford Fairlane"", and ""Café Society"", in TV shows, including ""Dragnet"" and

Turducken
Turducken Turducken is a dish consisting of a deboned chicken stuffed into a deboned duck, further stuffed into a deboned turkey. Outside of the United States and Canada, it is known as a three bird roast. Gooducken is a traditional English variant, replacing turkey with goose. The word ""turducken"" is a portmanteau of ""turkey"", ""duck"", and ""chicken"". The dish is a form of engastration, which is a recipe method in which one animal is stuffed inside the gastric passage of another. The thoracic cavity of the chicken/game hen and the rest of the gaps are stuffed, sometimes with a highly

Turducken
inside the turkey a chicken. Stuff the chicken with a grouse and inside that put a quail and finally inside that a sparrow. Then season it all well, place the camel in a hole in the ground and roast it."" Turducken Turducken is a dish consisting of a deboned chicken stuffed into a deboned duck, further stuffed into a deboned turkey. Outside of the United States and Canada, it is known as a three bird roast. Gooducken is a traditional English variant, replacing turkey with goose. The word ""turducken"" is a portmanteau of ""turkey"", ""duck"", and ""chicken"". The dish is

Stuffing
is mentioned in T.C. Boyle's book ""Water Music"". British celebrity chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall has championed the ten-bird roast, calling it ""one of the most spectacular and delicious roasts you can lay before your loved ones at Yuletide"". A large turkey is stuffed with a goose, duck, mallard, guinea fowl, chicken, pheasant, partridge, pigeon, and woodcock. The roast feeds approximately 30 people and, as well as the ten birds, includes stuffing made from two pounds of sausage meat and half a pound of streaky bacon, along with sage, and port and red wine. In the United States and eastern Canada, multi-bird

Dumpling
meat fillings include ground meat (usually pork, but can instead be beef or chicken), shrimp, and even fish. Popular mixtures include pork with Chinese cabbage, pork with garlic chives, pork and shrimp with vegetables, pork with spring onion, garlic chives with scrambled eggs. Filling mixtures will vary depending on personal tastes and region. ""Jiaozi"" are usually boiled, steamed or fried and continue to be a traditional dish eaten on Chinese New Year's Eve, the evening before Chinese New Year, and special family reunions. Particularly, in Northern China, people generally eat dumpling on the Winter Solstice (December 22nd of each year),

"Peking duck"
their lives, and force fed 4 times a day for the next 15–20 days, resulting in ducks that weigh 5–7 kg (11–15 lbs). The force feeding of the ducks led to an alternate name for the animal, Peking Stuffed Duck (). Fattened ducks are slaughtered, plucked, eviscerated and rinsed thoroughly with water. Air is pumped under the skin through the neck cavity to separate the skin from the fat. The duck is then soaked in boiling water for a short while before it is hung up to dry. While it is hung, the duck is glazed with a layer of

"Rubber chicken"
Rubber chicken A rubber chicken is a prop used in comedy. The phrase is also used as a description for food served at speeches, conventions, and other large meetings, and as a metaphor for speechmaking. A rubber chicken is an imitation plucked fowl made in a latex injection mold that is dishwasher-safe (top shelf) The origin of the rubber chicken is obscure, but is possibly based on the use of pig bladders, which were inflated, attached to a stick and used as props or mock-weapons by jesters in the days before the development of plastic and latex. Chicken corpses were

Dumpling
potatoes (without the milk and butter) flattened in the palm of the hand and stuffed with a savoury combination of ingredients. The stuffing usually consists of sautéed meat (could be beef, pork or chicken), onions and garlic. They are all seasoned with cumin, aji, raisins, peanuts, olives and sliced or chopped hard boiled eggs. After stuffing a ball is formed, rolled over flour and deep fried in hot oil. The stuffed potatoes are usually accompanied by onion sauce consisting of sliced onions, lime juice, olive oil, salt, pepper and slices of fresh peppers. The same dish may also be made

Stuffing
(1538), ""forcemeat"" (1688), and relatively more recently in the United States; ""dressing"" (1850). In addition to stuffing the body cavity of animals, including birds, fish, and mammals, various cuts of meat may be stuffed after they have been deboned or a pouch has been cut into them. Popular recipes include stuffed chicken legs, stuffed pork chops, stuffed breast of veal, as well as the traditional holiday stuffed turkey or goose. Many types of vegetables are also suitable for stuffing, after their seeds or flesh has been removed. Tomatoes, capsicums (sweet or hot peppers), vegetable marrows (e.g., zucchini) may be prepared

bones of ducks with vegetables. The cooked Peking Duck is traditionally carved in front of the diners and served in three stages. First, the duck skin is served with sugar and garlic sauce as dip. The skin tastes better while remaining warm, but it will cool down fast. The meat is then served with steamed pancakes (), spring onions and sweet bean sauce. Several vegetable dishes are provided to accompany the meat, typically cucumber sticks. Some restaurants offer watermelon radish sticks as alternative. The diners spread sauce over the pancake. Traditionally, the pancake is wrapped around the meat and spring

"Jerky Turkey"
Jerky Turkey Jerky Turkey is a 1945 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon directed by Tex Avery. In 1620, Pilgrims, riding a caricatured ""Mayflower"" with a number of World War II-era anachronisms (such as a navy gunnery deck, a Henry J. Kaiser nameplate and a fuel rationing card) land at Plymouth Rock and establish a colony, where they quickly separate into ""Ye Democrats"" and ""Ye Republicans."" The Pilgrims all stand in line for cigarettes (some are caricatures of Avery's animation crew), while the town crier bemoans that he has been made eligible for the draft {""1-A""}. A pear-shaped Pilgrim, who speaks with the milquetoast

Proton
nuclei are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons. The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period. As early as 1815, William Prout proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (which he called ""protyles""), based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights (see Prout's hypothesis), which was disproved when more accurate values were measured. In 1886, Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases. However, since particles

Proton
number of protons, each element has its own unique atomic number. The word ""proton"" is Greek for ""first"", and this name was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. In previous years, Rutherford had discovered that the hydrogen nucleus (known to be the lightest nucleus) could be extracted from the nuclei of nitrogen by atomic collisions. Protons were therefore a candidate to be a fundamental particle, and hence a building block of nitrogen and all other heavier atomic nuclei. In the modern Standard Model of particle physics, protons are hadrons, and like neutrons, the other nucleon (particles

composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a ""major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,"" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular, Heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton–electron composite, for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation.

Neutron
Latin root for ""neutralis"" (neuter) and the Greek suffix ""-on"" (a suffix used in the names of subatomic particles, i.e. ""electron"" and ""proton""). References to the word ""neutron"" in connection with the atom can be found in the literature as early as 1899, however. Throughout the 1920s, physicists assumed that the atomic nucleus was composed of protons and ""nuclear electrons"" but there were obvious problems. It was difficult to reconcile the proton–electron model for nuclei with the Heisenberg uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics. The Klein paradox, discovered by Oskar Klein in 1928, presented further quantum mechanical objections to the notion

Proton
hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements. Discovery that the hydrogen nucleus is present in all other nuclei as an elementary particle led Rutherford to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles. He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the ""proton,"" after the neuter singular of the Greek word for ""first"", πρῶτον. However, Rutherford also had in mind the word ""protyle"" as used by Prout. Rutherford spoke at the British Association for the Advancement of Science at

Proton
from different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson. Wilhelm Wien in 1898 identified the hydrogen ion as particle with highest charge-to-mass ratio in ionized gases. Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, Antonius van den Broek proposed that the place of each element in the periodic table (its atomic number) is equal to its nuclear charge. This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra. In 1917 (in experiments reported in 1919),

Neutron
physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century, leading ultimately to the atomic bomb in 1945. In the 1911 Rutherford model, the atom consisted of a small positively charged massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud of negatively charged electrons. In 1920, Rutherford suggested that the nucleus consisted of positive protons and neutrally-charged particles, suggested to be a proton and an electron bound in some way. Electrons were assumed to reside within the nucleus because it was known that beta radiation consisted of electrons emitted from the nucleus. Rutherford called these uncharged particles ""neutrons"", by the

Jacques Rogge described the Games as ""Happy and Glorious"". The host nation won 29 gold medals, the best haul for Great Britain since the 1908 Games in London. The United States returned to the top of the medal table after China dominated in 2008. The IOC had removed baseball and softball from the 2012 program. On a commercial level the Games were successful as they were the first in history to completely sell out every ticket, with as many as 1 million applications for 40,000 tickets for both the Opening Ceremony and the 100m Men's Sprint Final. Such was the

liberation attempt. A German police officer and five terrorists also perished. Following the selection of Barcelona, Spain to host the 1992 Summer Olympics, the separatist ETA terrorist organisation launched attacks in the region, including the 1991 Vic bombing that killed ten people in a town that would also hold events. Terrorism affected the last two Olympic Games held in the United States. During the Summer Olympics in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia, a bomb was detonated at the Centennial Olympic Park, which killed two and injured 111 others. The bomb was set by Eric Rudolph, an American domestic terrorist, who is

of 2016, costs per athlete are on average US$599,000 for the Summer Games and $1.3 million for the Winter Games. For London 2012, cost per athlete was $1.4 million; for Sochi 2014, $7.9 million. Where ambitious construction for the 1976 games in Montreal and 1980 games in Moscow had saddled organisers with expenses greatly in excess of revenues, 1984 host Los Angeles strictly controlled expenses by using existing facilities except a swim stadium and a velodrome that were paid for by corporate sponsors. The Olympic Committee led by Peter Ueberroth used some of the profits to endow the LA84 Foundation

a joint North and South Korean contingent at the opening ceremonies, though they competed as different countries. Controversy occurred in the Women's Artistic Gymnastics, when the vaulting horse was set to the wrong height during the All Around Competition. Several athletes faltered, including Russian Svetlana Khorkina, who had been favored to win gold after qualifying for the competition in first place. In 2004 the Games returned to their birthplace in Athens, Greece. Greece spent at least $7.2 billion on the Games, including $1.5 billion on security. Michael Phelps won his first medals in Olympic Games tallying 6 gold and 2

oklahoma's 10 geographic regions are defined by surface features called

"Geography of Oklahoma"
Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin. It is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Usually considered part of the South Central United States, Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south

and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation. Oklahoma covers an area of , with of land and of water, making it the 20th-largest state in the United States. Generally, it is divided into seven geographical regions: Green Country, or Northeast Oklahoma, Southeastern Oklahoma, Central Oklahoma, South Central Oklahoma, Southwest Oklahoma, Northwest Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Panhandle. Situated between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, Oklahoma tends to slope gradually downward from its western to eastern boundaries. Its highest and lowest points follow this

armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Oklahoma has 41 state parks, two national protected forests or grasslands, and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km) of forest is public land, including

and near-west by Texas. The state has four primary mountain ranges: the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains. Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and in the state's southeastern corner, Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot. More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways,

the western portions of the Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the southern United States. With , the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing . Of Oklahoma's federally

like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma, and transitional prairie and woodlands cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction. Oklahoma had few natural lakes. Those that did exist were either oxbow or playa lakes. Oklahoma has sixty-two oxbow lakes above in size. The largest, near the Red River in McCurtain County is . The prolonged drought that started in 1930 and created

the condition called the ""Dust Bowl"", led to the construction of a great many reservoirs throughout the state. Now, Oklahoma has the largest number of lakes created by dams of any state in the United States, with more than 200. Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma, and prairie grasslands, composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, junipers, and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in

trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,368 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near the far northwest corner of the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level. Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins. In the state’s northwestern corner, semi-arid high plains harbor few natural forests and rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges

"Oklahoma statistical areas"
describes the 23 United States statistical areas and 77 counties of the State of Oklahoma with the following information: Oklahoma statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), and the combined statistical areas (CSAs) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Most recently on December 1, 2009, the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States, including 2 combined statistical areas, 4 metropolitan statistical areas, and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Oklahoma. The

Oklahoma statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), and the combined statistical areas (CSAs) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Most recently on December 1, 2009, the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States, including 2 combined statistical areas, 4 metropolitan statistical areas, and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Oklahoma. The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 77 counties of Oklahoma. The table below

their conference's automatic bid. <nowiki>*</nowiki>See First Four All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period During the Final Four round, regardless of the seeds of the participating teams, the champion of the top overall top seed's region (Villanova's East Region) plays against the champion of the fourth-ranked top seed's region (Gonzaga's West Region), and the champion of the second overall top seed's region (Kansas's Midwest Region) plays against the champion of the third-ranked top seed's region (North Carolina's South Region). CBS Sports and Turner Sports held joint U.S. television broadcast rights to the Tournament

to discuss and preview the tournament. Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. For the first time in the history of the tournament, broadcasts of the Final Four and championship game were available in Spanish. Live video of games was available for streaming through the following means: Live audio of games was available for streaming through the following means: 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion

Four, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 to win the national championship. A total of 68 teams entered the 2017 tournament, with all 32 conference tournament winners receiving an automatic bid. The Ivy League, which previously granted its automatic tournament bid to its regular season champion, hosted a postseason tournament to determine a conference champion for the first time. In previous years, had the Ivy League had two schools tied for first in the standings,

2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2016–17 season. The 79th edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on April 3 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The championship game was the first to be contested in a Western state since 1995 when Seattle was the host of the Final Four for that year. In the Final

a one-game playoff (or series as was the case in the 2002 season) determined the automatic bid. On March 10, 2016, the Ivy League's council of presidents approved a four-team tournament where the top four teams in the regular season would play on March 11 and 12 at Philadelphia's Palestra. The remaining 36 teams received ""at-large"" bids which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. On January 24, 2016, the NCAA announced that the Selection Committee would, for the first time, unveil in-season rankings of the top four teams in each division on February 11, 2017. Eight teams—the four lowest-seeded

"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"
referees had ""ruined"" the contest through a combination of incorrect foul calls, missed calls, and superfluous use of instant replay. Tom Ley of ""Deadspin"" condemned the game as ""memorably disgusting."" Multiple prominent current and former basketball players vocalized their distaste for the game's quality of officiating on social media, including LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, James Worthy, and Jay Williams. 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It determined the national champion for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I

automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams—played in the First Four (the successor to what had been known as ""play-in games"" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The committee's selections resulted in two historic milestones. The Northwestern Wildcats of the Big Ten Conference made their first-ever NCAA Tournament in school history, officially becoming the last ""power conference"" school to make the tournament. (This fact is ironic considering that Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Tournament in 1939).

"2017 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament"
2017 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament The 2017 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held from March 2–6, 2017 at the Times Union Center in Albany, New York. Iona defeated Siena 87–86 in overtime in the tournament championship game. As a result, Iona received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. The championship marked Iona's 10th MAAC title, the most in MAAC Tournament history. All 11 teams in the conference participated in the Tournament. The top five teams received byes to the quarterfinals. Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams

2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It determined the national champion for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 3, 2017, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona between the Gonzaga Bulldogs and the North Carolina Tar Heels. North Carolina defeated Gonzaga, 71–65, to win its sixth men's basketball national championship. This was the first national championship game to be played in a state in either the Mountain

"History of immigration to the United States"
History of immigration to the United States The history of immigration to the United States details the movement of people to the United States starting with the first European settlements from around 1600. Beginning around this time, British and other Europeans settled primarily on the east coast. In 1619, Africans began being imported as slaves. The United States experienced successive waves of immigration, particularly from Europe. Immigrants sometimes paid the cost of transoceanic transportation by becoming indentured servants after their arrival in the New World. Later, immigration rules became more restrictive; the ending of numerical restrictions occurred in 1965. Recently,

among newcomers. This wave of migration, constituting the third episode in the history of U.S. immigration, may be better referred to as a flood of immigrants, as nearly 25 million Europeans made the long trip. Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, and others speaking Slavic languages made up the bulk of this migration. 2.5 to 4 million Jews were among them. Each group evinced a distinctive migration pattern in terms of the gender balance within the migratory pool, the permanence of their migration, their literacy rates, the balance between adults and children, and the like. But they shared one overarching characteristic: they

the United States within this period, due to opportunity in America and poverty and religious oppression in united Sweden-Norway. This accounted for around 20% of the total population of the kingdom at that time. They settled mainly in the Midwest, especially Minnesota and the Dakotas. Danes had comparably low immigration rates due to a better economy; after 1900 many Danish immigrants were Mormon converts who moved to Utah. Over two million Central Europeans, mainly Catholics and Jews, immigrated between 1880 and 1924. People of Polish ancestry are the largest Central European ancestry group in the United States after Germans. Immigration

migrated west and south. The mostly agricultural Southern English colonies initially had very high death rates for new settlers due to malaria, yellow fever, and other diseases as well as skirmishes with Native Americans. Despite this, a steady flow of new settlers, mostly from Central England and the London area, kept up population growth. Initially, the large plantations were mostly owned by friends (mostly minor aristocrats) of the British-appointed governors. A group of Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlanders created a settlement at Cape Fear in North Carolina, which remained culturally distinct until the mid-18th century, at which point it was swallowed up

extraction. The British ruled from the mid-17th century and they were by far the largest group of arrivals, remaining within the British Empire. Over 90% of these early immigrants became farmers. Large numbers of young men and women came alone as indentured servants. Their passage was paid by employers in the colonies who needed help on the farms or in shops. Indentured servants were provided food, housing, clothing and training but they did not receive wages. At the end of the indenture (usually around age 21) they were free to marry and start their own farms. Seeking religious freedom in

U.S. frontier to the Pacific by 1848. Most immigrants came long distances to settle in the U.S. However, many Irish left Canada for the U.S. in the 1840s. French Canadians who came down from Quebec after 1860 and the Mexicans who came north after 1911 found it easier to move back and forth. There was relatively little immigration from 1770 to 1830; while there was significant emigration from the U.S. to Canada, including about 75,000 Loyalists as well as Germans and others looking for better farmland in what is now Ontario. Large scale immigration resumed in the 1830s from Britain,

Ireland, Germany, and other parts of Central Europe as well as Scandinavia. Most were attracted by the cheap farmland. Some were artisans and skilled factory workers attracted by the first stage of industrialization. The Irish Catholics were primarily unskilled workers who built a majority of the canals and railroads, settling in urban areas. Many Irish went to the emerging textile mill towns of the Northeast, while others became longshoremen in the growing Atlantic and Gulf port cities. Half the Germans headed to farms, especially in the Midwest (with some to Texas), while the other half became craftsmen in urban areas.

Arizona all had Spanish settlements. In 1781 Spanish settlers founded Los Angeles. At the time they joined the U.S., Californios in California numbered about 10,000 and Tejanos in Texas about 4,000. New Mexico had 47,000 Spanish settlers in 1842. Arizona was only thinly settled. However, not all these settlers were of European descent. As in the rest of the American colonies, new settlements were based on the casta system, and although all could speak Spanish, it was really a melting pot of whites, Natives, and mestizos. In the late 17th century, French expeditions established a foothold on the Saint Lawrence

lowest death rate and the highest birth rate of any of the colonies. The Eastern and Northern frontier around the initial New England settlements was mainly settled by the descendants of the original New Englanders. Immigration to the New England colonies after 1640 and the start of the English Civil War decreased to less than 1% (about equal to the death rate) in nearly all of the years prior to 1845. The rapid growth of the New England colonies (approximately 900,000 by 1790) was almost entirely due to the high birth rate (>3%) and the low death rate (<1%) per

they were often cash poor. Most settlements were nearly independent of British trade since they grew or made nearly everything they needed; the average cost of imports per household was 5–15 pounds per year. Most settlements were created by complete family groups with several generations often present. The population was typically rural, with close to 80% owning the land they lived and farmed on. After 1700, as the Industrial Revolution progressed, more of the population started to move to cities, much like what had happened in Britain. Initially, the Dutch and German Americans primarily spoke dialects brought over from Europe,

DV
32 kHz sampling rate (384 kbit/s per channel, 1.5 MBit/s for four channels). In addition, the DV specification also supports 16-bit audio at 44.1 kHz (706 kbit/s per channel, 1.4 Mbit/s stereo), the same sampling rate used for CD audio. In practice, the 48 kHz stereo mode is used almost exclusively. The audio, video, and metadata are packaged into 80-byte Digital Interface Format (DIF) blocks which are multiplexed into a 150-block sequence. DIF blocks are the basic units of DV streams and can be stored as computer files in raw form or wrapped in such file formats as Audio Video

ISDB
ISDB The Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB; Japanese: , ""Tōgō dejitaru hōsō sābisu"") is a Japanese standard for digital television (DTV) and digital radio used by the country's radio and television networks. ISDB replaced NTSC-J analog television system and the previously used ""MUSE Hi-vision"" analogue HDTV system in Japan, and will be replacing NTSC, PAL-M and PAL-N in South America and the Philippines. Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) services using ISDB-T started in Japan in December 2003 and in Brazil in December 2007 as a trial. Since then, many countries have adopted ISDB over other digital broadcasting standards. ISDB is

"Digital Visual Interface"
specification is compatible with the VGA interface. This compatibility, along with other advantages, led to its widespread acceptance over competing digital display standards Plug and Display (P&D) and Digital Flat Panel (DFP). Although DVI is predominantly associated with computers, it is sometimes used in other consumer electronics such as television sets and DVD players. DVI's digital video transmission format is based on panelLink, a serial format developed by Silicon Image that utilizes a high-speed serial link called transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS). Like modern analog VGA connectors, the DVI connector includes pins for the display data channel (DDC). A newer

"Display Data Channel"
either two or three pins in a 15-pin analog VGA connector. Extended display identification data (EDID) is a companion standard; it defines a compact binary file format describing the monitor's capabilities and supported graphics modes, stored in a read-only memory (EEPROM) chip programmed by the manufacturer of the monitor. The format uses a description block containing 128 bytes of data, with optional extension blocks to provide additional information. The most current version is ""Enhanced EDID (E-EDID) Release A, v2.0"". The first version of the DDC standard was adopted in August 1994. It included the EDID 1.0 format and specified DDC1,

D-Terminal
as the PlayStation Portable (PSP-2000) are equipped with the (D2) interface. However, since the release of System Software Ver.5.00, the interface has been changed to (D1). Since 2010, the PSP's I/O system has adopted the progressive I/O interface (D1). Furthermore, the PSP-3000 marks the possibility of interlace I/O. D-Terminal A D-Terminal or D-tanshi () is a type of analog video connector found on Japanese consumer electronics, typically HDTV, DVD, Blu-ray, D-VHS and HD DVD devices. It was developed by the EIAJ (Electronic Industry Association of Japan) in its standard, RC-5237, for use in digital satellite broadcast tuners. In appearance it

DV
DV DV is a format for storing digital video. It was launched in 1995 with joint efforts of leading producers of video camera recorders. The original DV specification, known as ""Blue Book"", was standardized within the IEC 61834 family of standards. These standards define common features such as physical videocassettes, recording modulation method, magnetization, and basic system data in part 1. Part 2 describes the specifics of 525-60 and 625-50 systems. The IEC standards are available as publications sold by IEC and ANSI. In 2003, DV was joined by a successor format HDV, which used the same tape format with

"Digital television"
system in various ways. One can, for example, browse the electronic program guide. Modern DTV systems sometimes use a return path providing feedback from the end user to the broadcaster. This is possible with a coaxial or fiber optic cable, a dialup modem, or Internet connection but is not possible with a standard antenna. Some of these systems support video on demand using a communication channel localized to a neighborhood rather than a city (terrestrial) or an even larger area (satellite). 1seg (1-segment) is a special form of ISDB. Each channel is further divided into 13 segments. The 12 segments

Opt-out
own browser's cookie settings. Do Not Track (DNT) is an HTTP header field that requests that a web application or web site to disable its direct or cross-site user tracking of an individual user. The header field name is DNT and it currently accepts three values: Wi-Fi-based positioning systems take advantage of the rapid growth of wireless access points in urban areas, and are used by companies like Google, Apple and Microsoft, to obtain data about their customers' location, in order to provide a better service. The localization technique is based on measuring the intensity of the received signal and

"Digital cinema"
DCI-approved digital cinema projectors; these are Sony, Barco, Christie and NEC. Except for Sony, who use their own SXRD technology, all use the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology developed by Texas Instruments (TI). D-Cinema projectors are similar in principle to digital projectors used in industry, education, and domestic home cinemas, but differ in two important respects. First, projectors must conform to the strict performance requirements of the DCI specification. Second, projectors must incorporate anti-piracy devices intended to copyright compliance such as licensing limits. For these reasons all projectors intended to be sold to theaters for screening current release movies ""must""

D-Terminal A D-Terminal or D-tanshi () is a type of analog video connector found on Japanese consumer electronics, typically HDTV, DVD, Blu-ray, D-VHS and HD DVD devices. It was developed by the EIAJ (Electronic Industry Association of Japan) in its standard, RC-5237, for use in digital satellite broadcast tuners. In appearance it is a small flat trapezic connector, the same connector as the AAUI connector used by Apple Computer for some time to connect to ethernet. Some items sold outside Japan use the connector as well. Notable examples are Canon's XH-A1 DVC high-definition camcorder and Panasonic's AG-HVX200 DVCPro HD camcorder.

"Natural resource"
resolved in a quick and low cost manner by the local institution according to the seriousness and context of the offence. The global science-based platform to discuss natural resources management is the World Resources Forum, based in Switzerland. Natural resource Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and forces etc. On earth it includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation, crops and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances. Particular areas such as the

Natural resource Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and forces etc. On earth it includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation, crops and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances. Particular areas such as the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva are often characterized by the biodiversity and geodiversity existent in their ecosystems. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be

found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, air, and as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, rare earth metals, petroleum, and most forms of energy. There is much debate worldwide over natural resource allocations, this is particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages (depletion and overconsumption of resources) but also because the exportation

of natural resources is the basis . There are various methods of categorizing natural resources, these include source of origin, stage of development, and by their renewability. On the basis of origin, natural resources may be divided into two types: Considering their stage of development, natural resources may be referred to in the following ways: Many natural resources can be categorized as either renewable or non-renewable: Resource extraction involves any activity that withdraws resources from nature. This can range in scale from the traditional use of preindustrial societies, to global industry. Extractive industries are, along with agriculture, the basis of

the World Ethic of Sustainability, developed by the IUCN, WWF and the UNEP in 1990, set out eight values for sustainability, including the need to protect natural resources from depletion. Since the development of these documents, many measures have been taken to protect natural resources including establishment of the scientific field and practice of conservation biology and habitat conservation, respectively. Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on science, economics and the

the primary sector of the economy. Extraction produces raw material, which is then processed to add value. Examples of extractive industries are hunting, trapping, mining, oil and gas drilling, and forestry. Natural resources can add substantial amounts to a country's wealth, however a sudden inflow of money caused by a resource boom can create social problems including inflation harming other industries (""Dutch disease"") and corruption, leading to inequality and underdevelopment, this is known as the ""resource curse"". Extractive industries represent a large growing activity in many less-developed countries but the wealth generated does not always lead to sustainable and inclusive

"Natural resources of India"
Natural resources of India Resources are classified as either biotic or abiotic on the basis of their origin. The Indian landmass contains a multitude of both types of resource and its economy, especially in rural areas, is heavily dependent on their consumption or export. Due to over consumption, they are rapidly being depleted. The total cultivable area in India is 19,45,355 km² (56.78% of it total land area), which is shrinking due to population pressures and rapid urbanisation. India has a total water surface area of 360,400 km² India produces 4 fuels, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and 22 minor minerals.

Biotic resources are obtained from living and organic material. These include forest products, wildlife, crops and other living organisms. Most of these resources are renewable because they can regenerate themselves. Fossil fuels are considered as biotic because they are formed from decayed organic matter. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. India's land area includes regions with high rainfall to dry deserts, coastline to mountainous regions. Around 24.02 percent of the total geographical area consists of forests. Due to variations in climatic conditions and differences in altitude, different types of forest are present in India including tropical, swamp, mangrove and alpine. Forests are

growth. People often accuse extractive industry businesses as acting only to maximize short-term value, implying that less-developed countries are vulnerable to powerful corporations. Alternatively, host governments are often assumed to be only maximizing immediate revenue. Researchers argue there are areas of common interest where development goals and business cross. These present opportunities for international governmental agencies to engage with the private sector and host governments through revenue management and expenditure accountability, infrastructure development, employment creation, skills and enterprise development and impacts on children, especially girls and women. A strong civil society can play an important role in ensuring effective management

Resource
also referred to as factors of production: land, labour, and capital. Land includes all natural resources and is viewed as both the site of production and the source of raw materials. Labour or human resources consists of human effort provided in the creation of products, paid in wage. Capital consists of human-made goods or means of production (machinery, buildings, and other infrastructure) used in the production of other goods and services, paid in interest. In biology and ecology a resource is defined as a substance that is required by a living organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction (see biological

"Paraguayan guaraní"
Paraguayan guaraní The guaraní (, plural: ""guaraníes""; sign: ₲; code: PYG) is the national currency unit of Paraguay. The guaraní was divided into 100 céntimos but, because of inflation, céntimos are no longer in use. The currency sign is . The law creating the guaraní was passed on 5 October 1943, and replaced the peso at a rate of 1 guaraní = 100 pesos. Guaraníes were first issued in 1944. Between 1960 and 1985, the guaraní was pegged to the United States dollar at 126 PYG to US$1. In 1944, aluminum-bronze coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10,

"Paraguayan peso"
2 and 4 centesimos, followed in 1889 by silver 1 peso. In 1900, cupro-nickel 5, 10 and 20 centavos were introduced, followed in 1925 by cupro-nickel 50 centavos and 1 and 2 pesos. In 1938, aluminium replaced cupro-nickel in these last three denominations, with cupro-nickel 5 and 10 pesos introduced the following year. In 1856, the National Treasury issued notes in denominations of ½ and 4 reales, 1 and 2 pesos. These were followed by notes for 1 and 2 reales, 3, 4, 5 and 10 pesos by 1870. In 1870, the General Treasury took over paper money production and

"Economy of Paraguay"
The standard workweek is 48 hours. In 2004 Paraguay's unemployment rate stood at 15 percent. Paraguay's currency is the guarani (PYG). In mid-October 2005, US$1 equaled about PYG6155. Price inflation fell dramatically between 2003 and 2004, from 14.2 percent to a 30-year low of 4.3 percent. President's Duarte's economic reforms and austerity programs have produced results more rapidly than many expected. As of 2005, experts forecast that the inflation rate in Paraguay likely would rise in coming years but remain below 10 percent. Paraguay is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercado Común del Sur or Mercosur).

1923. In 1907, the Bank of the Republic issued notes for 5, 10, 50, 100 and 1000 pesos national money which were also denominated as 50 centavos, 1, 5 and 10 pesos in gold. Private banks such as ""El Banco De Comercio"" and ""Lezica y Lanús"" issued notes in Asunción. Paraguayan peso The peso was the currency of Paraguay between 1856 and 1944. It replaced the real at a rate of 8 reales = 1 peso. Until 1870, the peso was subdivided into 8 reales. Paraguay then decimalized, with 100 ""centésimos"" = 1 peso. The name of the subdivision was

Paraguayan peso The peso was the currency of Paraguay between 1856 and 1944. It replaced the real at a rate of 8 reales = 1 peso. Until 1870, the peso was subdivided into 8 reales. Paraguay then decimalized, with 100 ""centésimos"" = 1 peso. The name of the subdivision was changed to ""centavo"" in 1874. The peso was replaced in 1944 by the ""guaraní"" at a rate of one hundred to one. In 1867, Paraguay issued its first gold coins, for 4 pesos, during the War of the Triple Alliance. Bronze coins were issued in 1870 in denominations of 1,

which were round and made of stainless steel. Since 1990, stainless steel has been replaced by brass-plated steel nickel-brass. 100 guaranies coins were introduced in 1990, followed by 500 guaranies in 1997. 1000 guaranies coins were minted in 2006 and released in 2007. Coins in denominations of 1, 5 and 10 guaranies and coins of 50, 100 and 500 guaranies minted until 2005 where demonetized. The first guaraní notes were of 50 céntimos, 1, 5, and 10 guaraní overstamped on 50, 100, 500, and 1000 pesos in 1943. Regular guaraní notes for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000

Polish Security Printing Works (Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych). On December 22, 2016, new 20,000, 50,000 and 100,000 notes were introduced with upgraded security. The guaraní is currently one of the least valued currency unit in the Americas, 1 Euro being equivalent as of October, 2018, to 6,767 Guaranies (XE). In 2011, plans were released under which the Paraguayan guaraní would be revalued as the ""Nuevo guaraní"" (""New guaraní"") (PYN) at the rate of 1,000:1. From day 1 (currently unknown), there would be a conversion at the rate of 1,000 ₲ = 1 N₲ (""nuevo guaraní""). After a two-year transition period

sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2017 est.) Electricity: Electricity - production by source: Oil: Current account balance: $543 million (2017 est.) Exports: $11.53 billion f.o.b. (2017 est.) Exports - partners: Brazil 31.9%, Argentina 15.9%, Chile 6.9%, Russia 5.9% (2017) Imports: $10.37 billion f.o.b. (2017 est.) Imports - partners: China 31.3%, Brazil 23.4%, Argentina 12.9%, US 7.4% (2017) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $7.504 billion (2017 est.) Debt - external: $17.35 billion (2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: NA Currency: 1 guarani (G) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: guarani (G)

(with N₲ as the currency sign, and only the old banknotes available, probably with three zeros crossed out manually), new banknotes with the lower value would be introduced, re-using the name guaraní (₲) for the lower value. However, due to possible confusion and problems with the projects, it is currently suspended. Paraguayan guaraní The guaraní (, plural: ""guaraníes""; sign: ₲; code: PYG) is the national currency unit of Paraguay. The guaraní was divided into 100 céntimos but, because of inflation, céntimos are no longer in use. The currency sign is . The law creating the guaraní was passed on 5

"Central Bank of Paraguay"
Central Bank of Paraguay The Central Bank of Paraguay () is Paraguay's highest monetary authority in, and the country's governing body in, finances and economics. Its headquarters are in Asunción. The institution was created by Law 18/52 of March 25, 1952. In 1995, the legal frame of the Central Bank was replaced by Law 489/95. The bank manages the printing and minting of the Paraguayan currency, the guaraní. The Bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make

Heathers
rentals and sales. In 2015, it was ranked number 5 on the ""Entertainment Weekly"" list of the ""50 Best High School Movies"". It was ranked number 412 on ""Empire""s list of ""The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time"". The film has been adapted into a and a television show. Seventeen-year-old Veronica Sawyer is one of the most popular girls at Westerburg High School in Sherwood, Ohio, and a member of a clique of three wealthy and beautiful girls with the same first name: Heather Chandler, Heather Duke, and Heather McNamara. Though they are the most popular students, the Heathers are

"Everything Sucks!"
had cancelled the show after one season. ""Everything Sucks!"" revolves around students at Boring High School in Oregon in 1996; centering around the A/V club, and the Drama club, with both groups seen as misfits. Luke O'Neil, is a freshman at Boring, along with his best friends, McQuaid, a pessimistic geek, and Tyler Bowen, a squeaky-voiced, immature teen. Immediately, the boys are seen as social outcasts and join the A/V Club, where Luke develops a crush on Kate Messner, the principal's daughter and a sophomore at Boring. Kate, however, starts questioning her sexuality and develops a crush on drama student

"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"
In the meantime, Aria and Emily team up to track down Sydney's whereabouts in hopes of finding Jenna. After searching her name online, they discover that Driscoll graduated from Berkeley College, with a double major in Economics and French. Sydney currently resides in a loft at Fishtown, Philadelphia, whilst working as a bank teller at a private department that services extremely wealthy clients. The girls also learn that Sydney checked into a charity gala for the Manhattan Children's Hospital, the same ball where Katherine made an appearance wearing Hanna's dress. Following this enlightenment, Emily googles the event and comes across

"The Most Popular Girls in School"
attempts to use their restricted restroom. They broker an alliance just as Shay van Buren—the most popular girl in school outside of the cheer squad—and her sisters drag the cheerleaders into a bitter feud, hoping to finally crush Mackenzie's cheerleading reign. Outside this drama, cheerleader Brittnay Matthews breaks up with her dimwitted second-string quarterback boyfriend Blaine, who immediately begins dating her nemesis, the annoyingly French exchange student Saison Marguerite. Brittnay is further infuriated by the Cheer Squad/Van Buren feud and the acceptance of new girl Deandra into the confidence of the squad. Meanwhile, lonely lurker Jonathan Getslinhaumer tries to get

"Always and Forever, Lara Jean"
of Virginia (UVA). Peter has an early acceptance due to his lacrosse playing. When acceptance letters come in, Lara Jean learns she has not even made the wait-list. After being wait-listed to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Lara Jean loses hope of attending college, but is eventually accepted to the College of William & Mary and decides to attend school there. When Peter suggests that after freshman year Lara Jean can transfer to UVA, she begins to consider it her primary goal. At home, Lara Jean's father continues to date their neighbor, Trina Rothschild. When Margot

"Melanie Barnett"
a backdoor pilot on ""Girlfriends"", Melanie Barnett aspires to be a doctor and is admitted to the medical school at Johns Hopkins University. Against Joan's objections, Melanie decides against attending Johns Hopkins in favor of moving to San Diego to support her boyfriend Derwin Davis' career with the San Diego Sabers, a fictional National Football League (NFL) team. Melanie enrolls at a local college and becomes a close friend of Tasha Mack, a divorced mother and manager of quarterback Malik Wright, and Kelly Pitts, the trophy wife of the team's captain, Jason Pitts. She struggles to be accepted by the

"Boyz n the Hood"
Tre has grown into a mature and responsible teenager, works at a clothes shop at the Fox Hills Mall, and aspires to attend college with his girlfriend, Brandi, but their relationship is somehow deteriorating over Tre's desire to have sex, while Brandi, a devout Catholic, wishes to wait until after marriage. Ricky hopes to win a scholarship from USC. After a visit from a recruiter, a mildly embarrassing experience for Ricky due to his unkempt home and his brother's rudeness, he is informed that he must score a 700 or higher on the SATs in order to qualify. Ricky and

"Spencer Carlin"
definitely becomes a lot more confident and more determined to figure out where she's going with her future and figure out what she's going to do with her life,"" Christian stated. ""And with that goes learning the independence of what she's going to do — with or without a relationship. And it's what every high school senior goes through, which I really like because it's a totally different route for Spencer."" Spencer Carlin and her family move from a small town in Ohio to the big city Los Angeles, where she quickly forms a friendship with bad-to-the-bone Ashley Davies. Her

Privy Council following his or her accession. According to the Regency Act 1937, should the sovereign be under the age of 18, such oaths and declarations required to be taken by the sovereign shall be made upon his attainment of that age. After a period of mourning, the new sovereign is usually consecrated and crowned in Westminster Abbey. Normally, the Archbishop of Canterbury officiates, though the sovereign may designate any other bishop of the Church of England. A coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; for example, Edward VIII was never crowned, yet during his short reign was

on those who marry Roman Catholics. The ban on Catholics themselves was retained to ensure that the monarch would be in communion with the Church of England. The changes came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015, after legislation was made according to each realm's constitution. Following the changes coming into effect, the positions of the first 27 in line remained unchanged, including Princess Anne and her children and grandchildren, until the birth of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge on 2 May 2015. The first to be affected by the changes, on the day they came into effect

"Queen regnant"
absolute primogeniture (in which the children of a monarch or chief have preference in order of birth from eldest to youngest regardless of gender). In some cases, the change does not take effect during the lifetimes of people already in the line of succession at the time the law was passed. In 2011, the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms agreed to remove the rule of male-preference primogeniture. Once the necessary legislation was passed, this means that had Prince William had a daughter first, a younger son would not become heir apparent. In 2015, Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning

and the same order of succession. In 2011, the prime ministers of the realms agreed unanimously to adopt a common approach to amending the rules on the succession to their respective Crowns so that absolute primogeniture would apply for persons born after the date of the agreement, instead of male-preference primogeniture, and the ban on marriages to Roman Catholics would be lifted, but the monarch would still need to be in communion with the Church of England. After the necessary legislation had been enacted in accordance with each realm's constitution, the changes took effect on 26 March 2015. No official,

sovereign's consent before they marry; without such consent, they and their children would be disqualified from succession. The first four individuals in the line of succession who are over 21, and the sovereign's consort, may be appointed Counsellors of State. Counsellors of State perform some of the sovereign's duties in the United Kingdom while he or she is out of the country or temporarily incapacitated. Otherwise, individuals in the line of succession need not have specific legal or official roles. The United Kingdom is one of the 16 Commonwealth realms. Each of those countries has the same person as monarch

name George VI. He in turn was succeeded in 1952 by his own elder daughter, Elizabeth II. By that time the monarch of the United Kingdom no longer reigned in the greater part of Ireland (which had become a republic in 1949), but was the monarch of a number of independent sovereign states (Commonwealth realms). By the terms of the Statute of Westminster 1931, each of the Commonwealth realms has the same person as monarch and, to maintain that arrangement, they have agreed to continue the same line of succession; some realms do so through domestic succession laws, while others

what domain has more individuals than all other domains combined do

.org
world may register subdomains, many countries, such as Australia (au), Japan (jp), Argentina (ar), Bolivia (bo), Uruguay (uy), Turkey (tr), Somalia (so), Sierra Leone (sl), Russia (ru), Bangladesh (bd), India (in) and the United Kingdom (uk), have established a second-level domain with a similar purpose under their ccTLD. Such second-level domains are usually named ""org"" or ""or"". In 2009, the org domain consisted of more than 8 million registered domain names, 8.8 million in 2010, and 9.6 million in 2011. The Public Interest Registry registered the ten millionth .ORG domain in June, 2012. When the 9.5 millionth .org was registered

"The Superclass List"
The Superclass List The Superclass List is a creation of David Rothkopf which his book ""Superclass: The Global Power Elite and The World They Are Making"" (publ. March 2008) is based upon. There are four key elements of success that unite the members of the Superclass, and gives them unparalleled power over world affairs. These elements are: ""geography"", ""pedigree"", ""networking"" and ""luck"". In the book Rothkopf writes that his list from 2008 contains 6,000 individuals. The grouping is, however, only defined roughly and as a statistical reality. Rothkopf also writes that list (one in a million, globally), is always in

"Global Internet usage"
composite statistic designed and produced by the World Wide Web Foundation. It provides a multi-dimensional measure of the World Wide Web’s contribution to development and human rights globally. It covers 86 countries as of 2014, the latest year for which the index has been compiled. It incorporates indicators that assess the areas of universal access, freedom and openness, relevant content, and empowerment, which indicate economic, social, and political impacts of the Web. The Carna Botnet was a botnet of 420,000 devices created by hackers to measure the extent of the Internet in what the creators called the ""Internet Census of

MyHeritage
and, as of 2016, MyHeritage and Geni were still separate. Founded by David Sacks in 2007, Geni is a genealogy website with the goal of ""creating a family tree of the whole world"" (whereas MyHeritage focuses on records and collecting non-merged individual family trees). The acquisition added 7 million new users to MyHeritage, bringing the total number of members to 72 million. At the time, MyHeritage also had 27 million family trees and 10 billion profiles and was available in 40 languages. In addition to the acquisition of Geni, MyHeritage also raised $25 million in a funding round led by

"Generic top-level domain"
On July 10, 2014 the 330th gTLD was delegated. On November 9, 2014, the 400th gTLD was delegated in the root. As of 3 May 2015, the number of new gTLDs available is 605. The most popular gTLD has been .guru, launched in February 2014 and reaching 50,000 domains in April 2014, briefly surpassed by .club between June 2 and June 9, 2014, with around 55,000 domains; .club was then surpassed by .xyz, which had more than 300,000 domains after one and a half months of existence. The growth of .xyz has been concentrated on one registrar due to a

LinkedIn
line ""Legal Notice of Settlement of Class Action"". The Case No. is 13-CV-04303-LHK. 94% of B2B marketers use LinkedIn to distribute content. As of 2015, LinkedIn had more than 400 million members in over 200 countries and territories. It is significantly ahead of its competitors Viadeo (50 million as of 2013) and XING (11 million as of 2016). In 2011, its membership grew by approximately two new members every second. As of 2018, there are over half a billion LinkedIn members. The basic functionality of LinkedIn allows users (workers and employers) to create profiles, which for employees typically consist of

NNDB
NNDB The Notable Names Database (NNDB) is an online database of biographical details of over 40,000 people of note. NNDB describes itself as an ""intelligence aggregator"" of those it determines to be noteworthy, but mainly to identify connections between people. It is run by Soylent Communications, a sole proprietorship that also ran the site ""rotten.com"". Each person has an executive summary giving a brief description of NNDB's opinion of his/her notability. All have summaries of their vital statistics, such as full name, pseudonyms, birth and death, location of their remains, religious beliefs, gender, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, family members,

Comanche
fashioned toys for their children. As warriors, however, men concentrated on making bows and arrows, lances, and shields. The thick neck skin of an old bull was ideal for war shields that deflected arrows as well as bullets. Since they spent most of each day on horseback, they also fashioned leather into saddles, stirrups, and other equipment for their mounts. Buffalo hair was used to fill saddle pads and was also used in rope and halters. The language spoken by the Comanche people, ""Comanche"" (""Numu tekwapu""), is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan language group. It is closely related to

Comanche
his child living a long and productive life. During the public naming ceremony, the medicine man lit his pipe and offered smoke to the heavens, earth, and each of the four directions. He prayed that the child would remain happy and healthy. He then lifted the child to symbolize its growing up and announced the child's name four times. He held the child a little higher each time he said the name. It was believed that the child's name foretold its future; even a weak or sick child could grow up to be a great warrior, hunter, and raider if

Comanche
be deciphered by the Germans. Comanche The Comanche () are a Native American nation from the Great Plains whose historic territory consisted of most of present-day northwestern Texas and adjacent areas in eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and northern Chihuahua. The Comanche people are federally recognized as the Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The Comanche were the dominant tribe on the southern Great Plains in the 18th and 19th centuries. They are often characterized as ""Lords of the Plains"" and, reflecting their prominence, they presided over a large area called Comancheria which a modern historian

Comanche
Comanche The Comanche () are a Native American nation from the Great Plains whose historic territory consisted of most of present-day northwestern Texas and adjacent areas in eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and northern Chihuahua. The Comanche people are federally recognized as the Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The Comanche were the dominant tribe on the southern Great Plains in the 18th and 19th centuries. They are often characterized as ""Lords of the Plains"" and, reflecting their prominence, they presided over a large area called Comancheria which a modern historian has characterized as the ""Comanche

Comanche
began to call them Northern, Middle, and Southern Comanche. One of the largest groups, as well as the southernmost, lived on the edge of the Edwards Plateau and east across to the Cross Timbers, and became known as the Penateka, (Penatʉka Nʉʉ) Southern Comanches. In the eastern part of the Comancheria, between the Colorado and Red Rivers, roamed the Nokoni (Nokoni Nʉʉ — ‘Movers’, ‘Returners’). South of them were the strong, associated smaller bands or residential groups of the Tenawa (Tahnahwah or Tenahwit — ‘Those Who Live Downstream’) and Tanima (Tanimʉʉ, Dahaʉi, or Tevawish — ‘Liver-Eaters’). Together, the Nokoni, Tenawa,

Comanche
given a name suggesting courage and strength. Boys were often named after their grandfather, uncle, or other relative. Girls were usually named after one of their father's relatives, but the name was selected by the mother. As children grew up they also acquired nicknames at different points in their lives, to express some aspect of their lives. The Comanche looked on their children as their most precious gift. Children were rarely punished. Sometimes, though, an older sister or other relative was called upon to discipline a child, or the parents arranged for a boogey man to scare the child. Occasionally,

Comanche
a territory that... they only just fall short of possessing all of the conveniences of the earth, and have no need to covet the trade pursued by the rest of the Indians."" Their original migration took them to the southern Great Plains, into a sweep of territory extending from the Arkansas River to central Texas. They reached present-day New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle by 1700, forcing the Lipan Apache people ever southward, defeating them in a nine-day battle along the Rio del Fierro (Wichita River) in 1723. The river may be the location mentioned by Athanase de Mézières in

Comanche
of Comanches speak their language today. The name ""Comanche"" is from the Ute name for them, ""kɨmantsi"" (enemy), but known to the French as Padoucas, an adaption of their Sioux name, and among themselves as Nʉmʉnʉ (people). The Comanche Nation is headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area is located in Caddo, Comanche, Cotton, Grady, Jefferson, Kiowa, Stephens, and Tillman Counties. Membership of the tribe requires a 1/8 blood quantum (equivalent to one great-grandparent). The tribe operates its own housing authority and issues tribal vehicle tags. They have their own Department of Higher Education, primarily awarding scholarships and financial

Comanche
mother. She was given a little deerskin doll, which she took with her everywhere. She learned to make all the clothing for the doll. A boy identified not only with his father but with his father's family, as well as with the bravest warriors in the band. He learned to ride a horse before he could walk. By the time he was four or five, he was expected to be able to skillfully handle a horse. When he was five or six, he was given a small bow and arrows. Often, a boy was taught to ride and shoot by

Tex-Mex
). The word ""Tex-Mex"" first entered the English language as a nickname for the Texas Mexican Railway, chartered in southern Texas in 1875. In train schedules published in the newspapers of the 19th century the names of railroads were abbreviated. The Missouri Pacific was called the Mo. Pac. and the Texas-Mexican was abbreviated Tex. Mex. In the 1920s, the hyphenated form was used in American newspapers in reference to the railroad and to describe Texans of Mexican ancestry. In the mission era, Spanish and Mexican cuisines were combined in Texas as in other parts of the northern frontier of New